title: Park MGM

abstract: Park MGM, formerly Monte Carlo Resort and Casino, is a megaresort hotel and casino on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada, United States. It is owned by Vici Properties and operated by MGM Resorts International. It was developed by Mirage Resorts and Circus Circus Enterprises, both later acquired by MGM. The resort opened as the Monte Carlo on June 21, 1996. Its design was based on the Monte Carlo Casino in Monaco. In January 2008, a fire occurred on the rooftop of the 32-story hotel. The fire, caused by welding, forced the evacuation and closure of the Monte Carlo, and 13 people were treated for smoke inhalation. The resort lost nearly $100 million because of the fire, including damage and lost revenue from the closure. It reopened three weeks later. The top floor suffered water damage and received a total renovation, reopening as Hotel32 in August 2009. It operated as a hotel-within-a-hotel, offering 50 rooms. In June 2016, MGM announced that it would renovate the Monte Carlo and rebrand it as Park MGM, with the name change taking effect on May 9, 2018. The two-year renovation, costing more than $550 million, concluded in December 2018. Hotel32 was removed, and the top four floors of the tower were rebranded as NoMad Las Vegas, a new hotel-within-a-hotel. Park MGM includes a 76,982-square-foot (7,200 m⁲) casino and 2,700 rooms, not counting another 293 at NoMad, which brings the total to 2,993. Magician Lance Burton served as the Monte Carlo's longtime headliner, entertaining in the 1,200-seat Lance Burton Theatre from 1996 to 2010. A new venue, the Park Theater, opened in 2016 and has since been renamed Dolby Live. The theater seats 5,200, and was built on the former site of the Lance Burton Theatre.

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# Park MGM

**Park MGM**, formerly **Monte Carlo Resort and Casino**, is a megaresort hotel and casino on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada, United States. It is owned by Vici Properties and operated by MGM Resorts International. It was developed by Mirage Resorts and Circus Circus Enterprises, both later acquired by MGM.

The resort opened as the Monte Carlo on June 21, 1996. Its design was based on the Monte Carlo Casino in Monaco. In January 2008, a fire occurred on the rooftop of the 32-story hotel. The fire, caused by welding, forced the evacuation and closure of the Monte Carlo, and 13 people were treated for smoke inhalation. The resort lost nearly $100 million because of the fire, including damage and lost revenue from the closure. It reopened three weeks later. The top floor suffered water damage and received a total renovation, reopening as **Hotel32** in August 2009. It operated as a hotel-within-a-hotel, offering 50 rooms.

In June 2016, MGM announced that it would renovate the Monte Carlo and rebrand it as Park MGM, with the name change taking effect on May 9, 2018. The two-year renovation, costing more than $550 million, concluded in December 2018. Hotel32 was removed, and the top four floors of the tower were rebranded as **NoMad Las Vegas**, a new hotel-within-a-hotel. Park MGM includes a 76,982-square-foot (7,200 m2) casino and 2,700 rooms, not counting another 293 at NoMad, which brings the total to 2,993.

Magician Lance Burton served as the Monte Carlo's longtime headliner, entertaining in the 1,200-seat Lance Burton Theatre from 1996 to 2010. A new venue, the Park Theater, opened in 2016 and has since been renamed Dolby Live. The theater seats 5,200, and was built on the former site of the Lance Burton Theatre.

## History

Park MGM originally operated as the Monte Carlo. A portion of the resort's land was once occupied by the Desert Rose motel, opened in 1953. Another portion of the future resort site was occupied by a golf course, built in the 1960s, for the nearby Dunes hotel-casino.

### Monte Carlo (1996–2018)

Mirage Resorts purchased the Dunes and its golf course in November 1992, and closed them both a couple months later. In May 1994, Mirage and Gold Strike Resorts announced a joint venture to build a then-unnamed resort on part of the former golf course. The Desert Rose was also purchased and demolished to make way for the resort.

Monte Carlo logoMonte Carlo in the late 2000s

Ground was broken in March 1995. Circus Circus Enterprises acquired Gold Strike three months later and took over its role of managing the project. Gold Strike had hoped to name the project the Grand Victoria, the same name as the casino being developed by the company in Illinois, but that idea was discarded because of potential confusion with the MGM Grand. "Victoria" and "Victoria Bay" were reported as likely names. Details about the property were revealed in July 1995, including that it would be named the Monte Carlo and feature *Belle Époque* architecture, based on the unaffiliated Monte Carlo Casino in Monaco.

The Monte Carlo opened to the public at midnight on June 21, 1996, following an invitation-only pre-opening celebration, including a fireworks show. Originally proposed as a $250 million project, the final cost ballooned up to $344 million.

The resort aimed for mass appeal, offering European luxury rooms to middle-income guests, whereas the Monte Carlo in Monaco is tailored to high rollers. The Las Vegas property became popular among tourists as a second-choice hotel, handling overflow from other resorts. As of 2009, the Monte Carlo print advertising campaign featured intentionally misspelled French words ("tray sheek") coupled with glamorous images. The campaign's tagline was "Unpretentiously luxurious".

Mirage and Circus Circus split the resort's profits, and operations were overseen by the latter company. MGM Grand, Inc. acquired Mirage in 2000, forming MGM Mirage and acquiring 50-percent ownership of the Monte Carlo. MGM acquired the other half in 2005, after purchasing Mandalay Resort Group (formerly Circus Circus Enterprises).

#### 2008 fire

The rooftop of the hotel's 32-story tower contains most of the resort's air-conditioning, as well as electrical equipment. An architectural facade, measuring three stories, was built along the top of the tower to hide the rooftop machinery. The facade was part of the resort's original construction. It was made with a foam known as exterior insulation finishing system (EIFS), which is widely used, including on other resorts along the Las Vegas Strip.

A three-alarm rooftop fire began on January 25, 2008, shortly before 11:00 a.m. Approximately 120 firefighters responded to the blaze, which was put out by 12:15 p.m. Certain parts of the fire could not be reached from the roof; in these cases, firefighters instead had to break open hotel-room windows to reach the flames.

The Monte Carlo had been occupied by approximately 5,000 guests and 950 employees when the fire broke out. The entire resort was evacuated and closed indefinitely until repairs could take place. Thirteen people were treated for smoke inhalation. The evacuation process was generally praised by experts. Local fire safety protocols, adopted after the 1980 MGM Grand fire, were credited for the organized evacuation and minimal injuries. However, some guests complained of a delay in initiating the evacuations, and others said they initially did not hear any fire alarms; the alarms only activate on floors where smoke is detected, as well as the floors immediately above and below. Evacuated hotel guests were offered accommodations at MGM's other Strip properties.

Much of the fire damage occurred to the hotel tower's upper exterior, which was left blackened. Large chunks of EIFS fell from the tower; the structure was built according to the 1991 Uniform Building Code, which allowed a thicker amount of foam compared with modern standards. A later analysis found that a non-approved resin had been used in two areas along the roof during initial construction, which helped spread the fire at a faster rate. Many rooms also suffered water damage and had to be stripped down for repair work, which began a day after the fire.

Welding had been taking place on the roof and was the cause of the fire. A team of contractors had been cutting steel for a walkway along the roof's edge, to be installed for window-washing. Pieces of molten steel fell onto the roof, sparking a fire which spread to the facade. According to fire officials, the workers had failed to acquire a permit for their work and failed to use a slag mat, designed to catch molten drippings. The contracting company said its welders had a permit and worked safely and responsibly.

Because the fire was determined to be accidental, no citations were issued by the fire department. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration fined the contractor $18,000, alleging it broke nine workplace safety laws. However, the agency's review board overturned nearly all of the citations, while acknowledging that the contractor failed to take necessary precautions to prevent the fire spread.

Revenue losses were initially estimated at $1.1 million for each day of the Monte Carlo's closure. The resort ultimately lost nearly $100 million because of the fire, including damage and lost revenue from the closure. However, company losses were minimal due to MGM's portfolio of Strip properties. The fire also had no negative impact on other businesses along the Strip, which operated as normal. The Monte Carlo partially reopened on February 15, 2008, and much of the property was operational within a week.

### Park MGM (2018–present)

In 2015, construction was underway on MGM's nearby T-Mobile Arena. The Monte Carlo was viewed as the gateway to the venue, prompting MGM to consider renaming the resort, which was seen as underutilized. The Park, a dining and entertainment district, opened in April 2016. Built in between the Monte Carlo and New York-New York, it serves as the Strip entrance to T-Mobile Arena. At the time, MGM chairman and chief executive officer Jim Murren said about the Monte Carlo, "We are not going to name it something from somewhere else. Those days are over. This is Las Vegas; we are at the top of the list of entertainment cities. We are not second to anybody. We're not going to have a property themed after a city from a far-away place."

In June 2016, MGM announced that the Monte Carlo would be rebranded as Park MGM, a reference to The Park. The resort received a two-year renovation which took place in phases, allowing the property to remain open. The name change took effect on May 9, 2018, although construction remained ongoing. Renovations took place throughout the entire resort, and cost more than $550 million, before concluding in December 2018.

During 2016, ownership of the Monte Carlo and other MGM properties was transferred to MGM Growth Properties (later acquired by Vici Properties in 2022), while MGM Resorts continued to operate it under a lease agreement.

Nevada casinos were ordered to close in March 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic and its effects on the state. Nevada casinos began reopening a few months later. When Park MGM reopened on September 30, 2020, it instituted a non-smoking policy, becoming the only casino resort on the Strip to be smoke-free. This was done to attract a non-smoking clientele who dislike the cigarette smoke that is typically associated with casinos. The timing for such a decision was considered appropriate, as there was support for smoke-free policies amid the pandemic. The non-smoking policy had previously been considered two years earlier, until MGM passed on the idea. Smoking is still permitted in designated outdoor areas.

## Features

Park MGM includes a 76,982 sq ft (7,151.9 m2) casino. Upon its initial opening in 1996, it featured 2,200 slot machines, 95 table games, a high-limit gaming area, a race and sports book, and a bingo room with seating for 550.

The resort interior included the Street of Dreams, a French-themed area featuring cobblestone walkways, gas lights, and gargoyles. The property featured 22,000 sq ft (2,000 m2) of retail space divided into three sections, including the Street of Dreams. The facade along the Strip featured fountains, staircases and arches. This was removed in 2013, making way for restaurant space.

The resort's pool area included a wave pool and lazy river. The CityCenter Tram was added in 2009, connecting Monte Carlo with two other MGM properties, CityCenter and the Bellagio. The poker room was closed in 2017, as the Bellagio and CityCenter already offered such facilities. As Park MGM, the resort updated its sports book to resemble a sports bar and offer food. The updated property also added 77,000 sq ft (7,200 m2) of convention space.

In 2018, Houston Hospitality opened On the Record, an 11,000 sq ft (1,000 m2) speakeasy and nightclub. It has capacity for approximately 1,000 people, and includes a double-decker bus converted into a DJ booth. In 2019, restaurateur Bricia Lopez opened Mama Rabbit, a bar specializing in tequila and mezcal. The name is a reference to Mayahuel, a female deity who is mother to a group of rabbits known as the Centzon Tōtōchtin.

### Hotels

The Monte Carlo opened with 3,014 rooms, and now has 2,700 as Park MGM.

The property has featured a hotel-within-a-hotel on two occasions. Following the 2008 fire, the 32nd floor was stripped down in order to repair water damage. The entire floor was renovated and rebranded as Hotel32. A renovation of the floor had already been planned at the time of the fire, and the incident prompted a complete rebuild.

Hotel32 opened on August 10, 2009, and was aimed at a higher-end clientele compared to the Monte Carlo, with room rates going up to $6,000 per night. The hotel had 50 rooms, including suites and penthouses. Rooms featured an assistant, limo service, and Wii gaming consoles. The floor also included Lounge32, overlooking CityCenter. Hotel32 was removed during the resort's conversion into Park MGM.

As part of the Park MGM project, the top four floors were rebranded as NoMad Las Vegas through a partnership with the Sydell Group, which owned the NoMad hotel in New York City. Discussions with Sydell had been ongoing for three years before the partnership was announced in 2016. NoMad Las Vegas had a soft opening on October 12, 2018, and most of its amenities were fully operational a month later.

The Park MGM property has a total of 2,993 rooms, including 293 at NoMad Las Vegas. The latter is considered separate from Park MGM, with its own lobby and pool. NoMad rooms were designed to resemble urban apartments, and are higher priced compared with those at Park MGM. The hotel includes a ground level casino, bar, and restaurant. The NoMad's casino features the only high-limit gaming area on the property, and a Tiffany glass ceiling was retained from when the area operated as part of the Monte Carlo.

### Restaurants

The Monte Carlo opened with six restaurants, including a 250-seat steakhouse and a 700-seat buffet featuring a Moroccan design. In addition, it offered a 210-seat food court. It also featured the Monte Carlo brewery and pub, which sold its own beers. It rebranded as The Pub in 2009, and removed its microbrewery; construction of the adjacent CityCenter forced the removal of the large brewing tanks in order to create more room.

Dragon Noodle Co. & Sushi Bar debuted with the Monte Carlo. It was remodeled in 2009 and updated to include cocktail waitresses dressed as anime characters. In 2008, the resort debuted Brand, a 5,000 sq ft (460 m2) steakhouse by The Light Group, while an ice bar opened two years later.

Several restaurants, as well as the ice bar, closed in 2017 to make way for new eateries, part of the Park MGM conversion. Two new restaurants opened in 2017: Bavette's Steakhouse & Bar, which originated in Chicago; and Primrose, a French restaurant seating more than 300. Also added was Eataly, part of a chain of Italian restaurants. MGM had tried for 10 years to bring the chain to one of its Strip resorts. Chef Roy Choi opened Best Friend, his first Las Vegas restaurant, at the end of 2018.

## Live entertainment

Magician Lance Burton headlined at the Monte Carlo from its opening until September 4, 2010. He had previously performed at the Hacienda resort, also on the Strip, since 1991. Burton originally signed a 13-year contract with the Monte Carlo, which built him a 1,200-seat venue known as the Lance Burton Theatre. His show was successful, closely associating him with the Monte Carlo. In 2009, Burton signed an extension with the resort for up to six years. However, he departed the property in 2010, due to disagreements with resort management. Burton had reportedly been asked to reduce his budget, to which he replied that he would rather end the show.

Other entertainers in the Lance Burton Theatre included comedian Frank Caliendo, who performed there from 2009 to 2011. Following Burton's departure, the Jabbawockeez dance crew began performance of their residency at Monte Carlo, entitled "MÜS.I.C". It took place in Burton's former venue, renamed the Monte Carlo Theater. In early 2011, it was announced that the Blue Man Group would renovate and take over the venue. The Jabbawockeez relocated to a temporary tent structure on the Monte Carlo property, with seating for 867. As scheduled, the Jabbawockeez departed the resort in 2013. The Blue Man Group performed at Monte Carlo from October 2012 to October 2015.

In 2015, as part of the Park MGM conversion, construction began on a new 5,200-seat venue known as the Park Theater. The former Lance Burton venue was demolished to make way for the Park Theater, which opened on December 17, 2016. It was renamed Dolby Live in October 2021, in partnership with Dolby. The theater has had residencies by Ricky Martin (All In), Cher (Classic Cher), Lady Gaga (Enigma), Aerosmith (Deuces Are Wild), Maroon 5, and the first concert residency by Janet Jackson (Metamorphosis).

The Monte Carlo made several media appearances, including the films *Dance with Me* (1998), and *Dodgeball: A True Underdog Story* (2004). It was also in the television series *The X-Files*, serving as the main location in the season six episode "Three of a Kind" (1999). In the finale of *The Amazing Race 15* (2009), teams had to count out $1 million worth of poker chips at the Monte Carlo to receive their next clue.

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## InfoBox

| Park MGM
 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | Paradise, Nevada, U.S. |
| Address | 3770 South Las Vegas Boulevard |
| Opening date | June 21, 1996 (June 21, 1996) |
| No. of rooms | 2,993 |
| Total gaming space | 76,982 sq ft (7,151.9 m2) |
| Signature attractions | Dolby Live
Blue Man Theatre (2012-2015) |
| Notable restaurants | Bavette's Steakhouse
Eataly
Primrose |
| Casino type | Land-based |
| Owner | Vici Properties |
| Operating license holder | MGM Resorts International |
| Previous names | Monte Carlo Resort and Casino |
| Renovated in | 2009, 2016–2018 |
| Coordinates | 36°06′17″N 115°10′34″W / 36.1047°N 115.1762°W / 36.1047; -115.1762 |
| Website | parkmgm.com |


title: Paroedura stellata

abstract: Paroedura stellata is a species of lizard in the family Gekkonidae. It is endemic to the Comoro Islands.

text:
# Paroedura stellata

***Paroedura stellata*** is a species of lizard in the family Gekkonidae. It is endemic to the Comoro Islands.

## InfoBox

| *Paroedura stellata* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Family: | Gekkonidae |
| Genus: | *Paroedura* |
| Species: | ***P. stellata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Paroedura stellata***<br>Hawlitschek & Glaw, 2012 | |
|


title: Parovicenko space

abstract: In mathematics, a Parovicenko space is a topological space similar to the space of non-isolated points of the Stone–Čech compactification of the integers.

text:
# Parovicenko space

In mathematics, a **Parovicenko space** is a topological space similar to the space of non-isolated points of the Stone–Čech compactification of the integers.

## Definition

A Parovicenko space is a topological space *X* satisfying the following conditions:

## Properties

The space β**N**\**N** is a Parovicenko space, where β**N** is the Stone–Čech compactification of the natural numbers **N**. Parovicenko (1963) proved that the continuum hypothesis implies that every Parovicenko space is isomorphic to β**N**\**N**. van Douwen & van Mill (1978) showed that if the continuum hypothesis is false then there are other examples of Parovicenko spaces.

* van Douwen, Eric K.; van Mill, Jan (1978). "Parovicenko's Characterization of βω- ω Implies CH". *Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society*. **72** (3): 539–541. doi:10.2307/2042468. JSTOR 2042468.
* Parovicenko, I. I. (1963). "\[On a universal bicompactum of weight ℵ\]". *Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR*. **150**: 36–39. MR 0150732.


title: Passing Stranger

abstract: Passing Stranger is the debut album of British singer-songwriter Scott Matthews, originally released in March 2006, before being re-issued by Island Records in October of the same year. The album contains the singles "Elusive", "Dream Song" and "Passing Stranger". After Scott won the Ivor Novello Award for 'Best Song Lyrically and Musically' for "Elusive", a deluxe edition of the album was re-released, and was made available on 25 June 2007. The album features ten full-length songs and seven short instrumental or minimal pieces.

text:
# Passing Stranger

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| BBC | (favourable) |
| PopMatters |  |

***Passing Stranger*** is the debut album of British singer-songwriter Scott Matthews, originally released in March 2006, before being re-issued by Island Records in October of the same year. The album contains the singles "Elusive", "Dream Song" and "Passing Stranger". After Scott won the Ivor Novello Award for 'Best Song Lyrically and Musically' for "Elusive", a deluxe edition of the album was re-released, and was made available on 25 June 2007.

The album features ten full-length songs and seven short instrumental or minimal pieces.

## Track listing

All songs written by Scott Matthews.

1. "Little Man Tabla Jam Pt.1" – 0:40
2. "Dream Song" – 4:42
3. "The Fool's Fooling Himself" – 4:01
4. "Eyes Wider Than Before" – 3:36
5. "Blue In The Face Again" – 1:11
6. "Sweet Scented Figure" – 4:31
7. "Passing Stranger" – 4:32
8. "Prayers" – 3:15
9. "Musical Interval" – 1:11
10. "Still Fooling" – 0:21
11. "City Headache" – 4:59
12. "Nylon Instrumental" – 0:19
13. "Elusive" – 3:42
14. "Earth To Calm" – 4:17
15. "White Feathered Medicine" – 5:45
16. "Little Man Tabla Jam Pt. 2" – 0:34
17. "Bruno Finale" – 2:19

A deluxe two-disc edition was released in 2007 containing new recordings (on disc 2), produced by John Leckie and featuring a string quartet:

1. "Dream Song" – 4:37
2. "Eyes Wider Than Before" – 4:00
3. "Elusive" – 3:43
4. "City Headache" – 4:47
5. "The Fool's Fooling Himself" – 3:59

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| Passing Stranger | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Scott Matthews | |
| Released | 13 March 2006 |
| Studio | Artisan, Birmingham, England |
| Genre | Folk rock, indie folk, blues |
| Length | 50'18" |
| Label | San Remo, Island |
| Producer | Jon Cotton |
| Scott Matthews chronology | |
| ***Passing Stranger***
(2006) *Elsewhere*
(2009) | |


title: Path 15

abstract: Path 15 is an 84-mile (135 km) portion of the north–south power transmission corridor in California, U.S. It forms a part of the Pacific AC Intertie and the California-Oregon Transmission Project. Path 15 is part of The Western Electricity Coordinating Council's links of electrical intertie paths in the western United States. Path 15, along with the Pacific DC Intertie running far to the east, forms an important transmission interconnection with the hydroelectric plants to the north and the fossil fuel plants to the south. Most of the three AC 500 kV lines were built by Pacific Gas and Electric (PG&E) south of Tesla substation. Path 15 consists of three lines at 500 kV and four lines at 230 kV. The 500 kV lines connect Los Banos to Gates and Los Banos to Midway. All four 230 kV lines have Gates at one end with the other ends at Panoche, Gregg, and McCall. There are only two connecting PG&E lines north of Tracy substation that connect Path 15 to Path 66 at the Round Mountain substation. The third line between Los Banos and Gates substation, south of Tracy, is operated by the Western Area Power Administration (WAPA), a division of the United States Department of Energy. This line was constructed away from the other two lines and is often out of sight. Most of the time the lines are in California's Sierra foothills and the Central Valley, but there are some PG&E lines that come from power plants along the shores of the Pacific Ocean and cross the California Coast Ranges and connect with the intertie. The Diablo Canyon Power Plant and the Moss Landing Power Plant are two examples.

text:
# Path 15

**Path 15** is an 84-mile (135 km) portion of the north–south power transmission corridor in California, U.S. It forms a part of the Pacific AC Intertie and the California-Oregon Transmission Project. Path 15 is part of The Western Electricity Coordinating Council's links of electrical intertie paths in the western United States.

Path 15, along with the Pacific DC Intertie running far to the east, forms an important transmission interconnection with the hydroelectric plants to the north and the fossil fuel plants to the south. Most of the three AC 500 kV lines were built by Pacific Gas and Electric (PG&E) south of Tesla substation.

Path 15 consists of three lines at 500 kV and four lines at 230 kV. The 500 kV lines connect Los Banos to Gates and Los Banos to Midway. All four 230 kV lines have Gates at one end with the other ends at Panoche, Gregg, and McCall.

There are only two connecting PG&E lines north of Tracy substation that connect Path 15 to Path 66 at the Round Mountain substation. The third line between Los Banos and Gates substation, south of Tracy, is operated by the Western Area Power Administration (WAPA), a division of the United States Department of Energy. This line was constructed away from the other two lines and is often out of sight. Most of the time the lines are in California's Sierra foothills and the Central Valley, but there are some PG&E lines that come from power plants along the shores of the Pacific Ocean and cross the California Coast Ranges and connect with the intertie. The Diablo Canyon Power Plant and the Moss Landing Power Plant are two examples.

## The route

The route is generally 3 to 7 miles (4.8 to 11.3 km) west of Interstate 5 from the Los Banos substation, west of Los Banos, to the Midway substation, near Buttonwillow.

### Connecting lines to Path 15  Round Mountain to Los Banos substation

The two connecting PG&E power lines start at Round Mountain substation at Round Mountain. The parallel PacifiCorp and PG&E lines north of Round Mountain are considered to be Path 66, not Path 15. These connecting lines to Path 15 will consist of two 500 kV lines until south of Tracy. Heading south, the lines run through the foothills of the northern Sierra Nevada mountains towards the Table Mountain Substation (39°33′26.57″N 121°38′40.23″W / 39.5573806°N 121.6445083°W / 39.5573806; -121.6445083) northwest of Oroville. The lines head southeast from Table Mountain Substation; near the Sutter Buttes the two lines separate. One line heads almost due south, passing to the west of Sacramento and east of Davis. The other line continues southwest for some distance and then turns south and enters the Vaca-Dixon Substation along Interstate 505. The Vaca-Dixon substation (38°24′8.33″N 121°55′14.75″W / 38.4023139°N 121.9207639°W / 38.4023139; -121.9207639) was the world's largest substation at the time of its inauguration in 1922. Just north of the Sacramento River and the city of Antioch the two lines rejoin and head in a south-southeasterly direction. The two PG&E lines span across both the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers on massive pylons along with the lone 500 kV Western Area Power Administration Path 66 line. Western's Path 66 line then turns east and runs parallel to the two PG&E lines to the west as all three lines head southeast. Both PG&E lines run to the west of the Clifton Court Forebay and cross Interstate 580 before entering the Tesla substation west of Tracy.

Leaving the Tesla Substation (37°42′33.52″N 121°33′48″W / 37.7093111°N 121.56333°W / 37.7093111; -121.56333) one PG&E line heads southwest and two parallel PG&E lines continue in a south-southeasterly direction along the eastern foothills of the Diablo Range and the western edge of the San Joaquin Valley. Only one of the two parallel lines heading southeast connects with Path 15, since one line serves as a connector to WAPA's Tracy Substation. This connector line abruptly turns north when a rare, tall dual-circuit WAPA line meets the two PG&E lines. The same dual-circuit line carries the third 500 kV line that joins the lone southeastward PG&E line. South of this point is where the 500 kV transmission system consists of three lines, not two. Despite being located in the eastern foothills of the Diablo Range, the two eastern lines cross a body of water \- the O'Neill Forebay of the massive San Luis Reservoir (just to the east of the San Luis Dam) on several artificial islands.

The lone southwestward 500 kV PG&E line crosses the Diablo Ridge, rising to 808 m (2,650 feet) near Mount Hamilton. The same line then heads into the Metcalf substation near San Jose and the Metcalf Energy Center. Leaving Metcalf substation, the line crosses the southern Santa Cruz Mountains with a 230 kV line and enters the large Moss Landing Power Plant substation in Moss Landing. The same line then heads east to rejoin the parallel PG&E lines at the Los Banos substation, effectively forming a 500 kV loop.

### Path 15Los Banos to Midway substation

South of the Los Banos substation (37°3′7.69″N 121°1′10.37″W / 37.0521361°N 121.0195472°W / 37.0521361; -121.0195472) the three 500kV lines (two PG&E and one WAPA) continue to head southeast, with the lone WAPA line running to the west of the two parallel PG&E lines. The lines regroup as they enter the Gates Substation near Coalinga. The Los Banos-Gates third 500 kV line is the only WAPA-built section of 500 kV line in Path 15 and the third WAPA 500 kV line is also the only line with triple-bundle conductors in Path 15.

Exiting the Gates substation (36°8′28″N 120°7′37″W / 36.14111°N 120.12694°W / 36.14111; -120.12694), two parallel PG&E lines continue heading southeastward and one line heads southwest with a 230 kV line. This 500 kV line once again crosses the Diablo Range as it heads towards the Pacific Ocean. The line crosses Highway 101 in Atascadero and Highway 1 near Morro Bay. After crossing some rugged coastal hills, the line enters the Diablo Canyon Power Plant substation. Due to the massive amount of power generated by the plant, a second 500 kV line was built alongside the first, as the parallel lines head east to form another 500 kV loop. These parallel lines cross Highway 101 north of Pismo Beach and traverse over some southern coastal mountains. After reaching a height of over 1,200 m or 3,937 feet, the two parallel lines head down the arid foothills of the southern San Joaquin Valley and split up. The two lines rejoin just before entering the Midway Substation (35°24′23.68″N 119°27′7.99″W / 35.4065778°N 119.4522194°W / 35.4065778; -119.4522194) near Buttonwillow. The other two eastern lines also head into the same substation from the north. Southern California Edison's (SCE) two Path 26 lines connect to PG&E's grid at the Midway Substation. A PG&E line heading southeast from Midway substation is the third line of Path 26, not Path 15. Eventually, this line is replaced with SCE towers.

### Substations

From north to south:

#### Connecting power lines

* Round Mountain
* Table Mountain
* Vaca-Dixon
* Tesla
* Metcalf
* Moss Landing
* Diablo Canyon

#### Path 15

* Los Banos, the substation is approximately 9 miles (14 km) west of Los Banos
* Gates, located about 13 miles (21 km) east of Coalinga
* Midway, one mile (1.6 km) east of Buttonwillow

## Western Area Power Administration's third line north of Tracy

WAPA's 500 kV line starts at the Captain Jack substation (42°4′38.06″N 121°23′25.47″W / 42.0772389°N 121.3904083°W / 42.0772389; -121.3904083) well to the northeast of Round Mountain. This is the Western Area Power Administration's (WAPA) Path 66 transmission line. It also heads southwest across the Modoc Plateau and crosses Interstate 5 near Cottonwood (north of Red Bluff). West of Cottonwood the line turns south and enters an electrical substation near Olinda. At Olinda, lines carrying power from Shasta Dam and other nearby United States Bureau of Reclamation facilities connect with the line. This is the end of Path 66, but WAPA's 500 kV line continues from Olinda Substation along the western edge of the Sacramento Valley. Near Antioch the line runs parallel with the two PG&E lines. All three lines cross both the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers on very large pylons. The WAPA line turns away from the PG&E lines and heads for another large substation near Tracy. South of Tracy Substation (37°47′51″N 121°34′51″W / 37.79750°N 121.58083°W / 37.79750; -121.58083), it continues as a large, dual-circuit 500 kV line that connects with the PG&E lines as they leave Tesla Substation.

## Issues

Other power lines that follow Path 15

From Tesla substation to Midway substation, a set of 230 kV lines follows the main 500 kV lines. The dual-circuit 230 kV power lines run to the east of the 500 kV lines. Most of these lines were built by PG&E.

Power transmission capacity

Path 15 can transmit 2,000-3,265 MW of electrical power from north to south. The capacity for south to north power transmission is 4,800-5,400 MW.

Parallelism of Interstate 5 (south of Tesla substation)

In the section south of Tracy, the eastern two lines form an infrastructure corridor along with an aqueduct and Interstate 5 and provide some artificial scenery to look at, especially when they do not run in the hills west of Interstate 5. The eastern parallel PG&E lines cross Interstate 5 twice.

Environmental impacts

The northern part of this electrical transmission corridor (including Path 66) is visible from space and Google Earth as lines of bare, treeless ground. This is because the power lines here run through forests of conifer trees which appear dark-green from space. The utility companies here have logged and sometimes clear-cut the land to create a right-of-way for the power lines due to the fact that a wildfire could start when an electrical arc occurs between the lines and a tree if they come close enough to each other.

## Differences in tower design

Like Western Area Power Administration's 500 kV line, the tower design for the entire transmission system is not the same, although the difference is not as dramatic as on the WAPA line. For the PG&E line, the differences are subtle and from a casual, far away view, it looks like the towers are all the same for the entire power line. It seems to be south of the Table Mountain substation, the tower legs spread apart from the tower bridge (upper section of tower) down to the tower base and there are four guy lines for tower stability. In contrast, the towers to the north of Table Mountain have thinner legs and look like thin sticks from far away. The weaker tower legs have two additional guy lines for stability. As for the tower bridge, the towers south of Table Mountain have five X's in between the tower legs. The towers north of Table Mountain have only four X's. In addition, the tower arms on either side of the towers have smaller steel bars inside for added strength. In the northern towers, they are positioned like equilateral triangles, but south of Table Mountain, they are shaped like right triangles. See below for a visual comparison.

Visual reference

## History

This entire project was built in the 1970s and 1980s in order to provide California and the Southwest with excess hydropower from the Pacific Northwest without actually having to construct any new power plants. During the cold Pacific Northwest winters, power is sent north due to heater use. This transfer reverses in the hot, dry summers, when many people in the South run air conditioners. In order to do this the maximum south-to-north transmission capacity is 5,400 MW for most parts, but between Los Banos substation and Gates substation, there were only two 500 kV lines. The capacity at this electricity bottleneck was only 3,900 MW, and this was identified in the 1990s as a trouble spot, but no one acted upon it. This bottleneck was one of the leading causes of the California electricity crisis in 2000–2001. To remedy this problem, WAPA along with several utilities built a third 500 kV line between these two substations to eliminate this transmission constraint and raise the maximum south-to-north transmission capacity to 5,400 MW. The project was completed under budget and on time on December 21, 2004. California's governor, Arnold Schwarzenegger attended the commissioning ceremony at California-ISO's control center in Folsom.

37°03′11″N 121°01′19″W / 37.05306°N 121.02194°W / 37.05306; -121.02194


title: Path 62

abstract: Path 62 or the Eldorado - McCullough 500 kV Line is a short 0.6 mi (1 km) 500 kV power line linking Los Angeles Department of Water and Power's (LADWP's) McCullough substation to Southern California Edison's (SCE's) Eldorado substation in the Eldorado - Marketplace - McCullough substation complex just south of Boulder City, Nevada. Path 62 is part of The Western Electricity Coordinating Council's links of electrical intertie paths in the western United States. Like Path 61, this short, yet important 500 kV line allows for power flow to be rerouted on different 500 kV lines that make up the massive Path 46 transmission system when necessary. Power generated from Hoover Dam, and fossil fuel power plants in the Four Corners region is routed to this substation complex via many other 500 kV lines that connect to this substation complex.

text:
# Path 62

**Path 62** or the **Eldorado - McCullough 500 kV Line** is a short 0.6 mi (1 km) 500 kV power line linking Los Angeles Department of Water and Power's (LADWP's) McCullough substation to Southern California Edison's (SCE's) Eldorado substation in the Eldorado - Marketplace - McCullough substation complex just south of Boulder City, Nevada. Path 62 is part of The Western Electricity Coordinating Council's links of electrical intertie paths in the western United States. Like Path 61, this short, yet important 500 kV line allows for power flow to be rerouted on different 500 kV lines that make up the massive Path 46 transmission system when necessary. Power generated from Hoover Dam, and fossil fuel power plants in the Four Corners region is routed to this substation complex via many other 500 kV lines that connect to this substation complex.

## Power transmission capacity

The 500 kV line can transmit 2,598 MVA (3,000 amps) of electrical power in either direction.

35°48′4″N 115°0′34″W / 35.80111°N 115.00944°W / 35.80111; -115.00944


title: Parti des Montréalais

abstract: The Parti des Montréalais was a municipal political party in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It existed from 1993 to 1995 and won two council seats in the 1994 municipal election.

text:
# Parti des Montréalais

The **Parti des Montréalais** (English: **Montrealers' Party**) was a municipal political party in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It existed from 1993 to 1995 and won two council seats in the 1994 municipal election.

## Origins

Former provincial cabinet minister Jérôme Choquette launched the Parti des Montréalais after resigning from the Civic Party of Montreal in October 1993. Choquette had been a candidate for the Civic Party leadership, but withdrew from the contest charging that it was skewed in favour of rival candidate Clement Bluteau. As the Parti des Montréalais's leader, Choquette was also its candidate for mayor in 1994.

Two other parties merged into the Parti des Montréalais before the 1994 election. Bluteau won the Civic Party leadership after Choquette's withdrawal but himself resigned the following year amid continued inter-party turmoil. Unable to find a successor, the remnants of the Civic Party merged into Choquette's organization in August 1994. The Parti des Montréalais also received outside support from veteran councillor Nick Auf der Maur, who ran as an independent but supported Choquette's bid for the mayoralty.

Three sitting councillors, Pasquale Compierchio, Gérard Legault, and Fiorino Bianco, joined the Parti des Montréalais in the buildup to the 1994 election.

## Ideology

When he launched the Parti des Montréalais, Choquette pledged to eliminate Montreal's non-residential surtax and replace it with a business tax. When the party announced its first nominated candidates for council in March 1994, the two most prominent figures were veterans of a local anti-tax campaign. Choquette also indicated that his party would encourage more English and French bilingual signs to encourage tourism and prevent anglophones from leaving the city. In May 1994, he proposed eliminating the unelected position of city manager on the grounds that the office was too powerful.

Choquette promised in June 1994 that he would support car ownership if elected as mayor. Describing the car as "a means for man to manifest his freedom," he said that Montrealers had heard too many warnings about air pollution, traffic congestion, and the advantages of alternative transportation. He promised to remove existing bicycle lanes from major streets, reduce parking fines, increase the number of downtown parking lots, permit on-street downtown parking on weekends and evenings, and eliminate some reserved bus routes that he believed would "hurt commercial activity and cause traffic problems." A subsequent *Montreal Gazette* editorial described Choquette's proposals as "madness" and argued they would "downgrade the quality of life in neighborhoods," while incumbent mayor Jean Doré described Choquette's plan as "a philosophy of the '60s." Choquette responded with letter to the *Gazette*, in which he argued that he was not opposed in principle to bicycle lanes and would attempt to better integrate the city's automobile and bicycle traffic on "appropriate streets."

Choquette also promised to close Montreal's Miron quarry landfill and, as a short-term solution to the city's trash problems, ship its garbage to "outlying areas." He criticized the recommendations of a Montreal Urban Community task force on this issue as overly focused on a "three R's" strategy of reduction, reuse, and recycling.

In September 1994, Choquette promised to remove $600 million from Montreal's budget by cutting jobs and salaries, eliminating public consultation forums, and possibly adding toll booths to the island's bridges. At a subsequent press conference, he promised a 10 per cent pay cut for all councillors. On the latter occasion, he described himself as influenced by Ralph Klein's government in Alberta.

While the Parti des Montréalais was generally regarded as right-wing, it included in its ranks some progressives such as Jeremy Searle. The party's platform included some progressive social measures, such as a proposal to allow low-income tenants to purchase their apartments as co-operatives.

## 1994 election results

Choquette finished a distant third in the 1994 mayoral contest, receiving about 13% of the popular vote. All three of Parti des Montréalais's incumbent councillors were defeated, while only two party candidates were elected: Searle in the Loyola division and Michael Applebaum in Notre-Dame-de-Grâce. When the news of his party's defeat was reported, Choquette remarked that voters "preferred a dream to reality."

## Aftermath

Searle and Applebaum resigned from the party to sit as independents on April 3, 1995; Searle indicated that both he and Applebaum had been excluded from party planning. Choquette pledged later in the same month that he would continue to lead the debt-ridden party, but, on May 9, 1995, he formally asked Quebec's chief election official to dissolve the organization. One of party's candidates, Frank Venneri, remarked at around this time that questionable financial strategies had doomed it from the beginning.

1. Elizabeth Thompson, "Choquette bolts from troubled Civic Party; Former Outremont mayor follows Gagnier, Auf der Maur out door," *Montreal Gazette*, 13 October 1993, A3.
2. Michelle Lalonde, "Civic Party planning to team up with Choquette," *Montreal Gazette*, 29 July 1994, A3; Graeme Hamilton, "Tattered remnant of party founded by Drapeau dies Monday," *Montreal Gazette*, 6 August 1994, A3.
3. Michelle Lalonde, "New candidates for Choquette; Ten ex-members of defunct Action Montreal Party join municipal-election team of mayoral hopeful," *Montreal Gazette*, 24 August 1994, A3.
4. Irwin Block, "It was lights out for Montrealers' Party; Victory in N.D.G. council race is only bright spot for Choquette's group," *Montreal Gazette*, 7 November 1994, A4.
5. Elizabeth Thompson, "Meet the candidates," *Montreal Gazette*, 24 March 1994, A3.
6. Jennifer Ditchburn, "Bilingual signs would stop exodus: Choquette," *Montreal Gazette*, 25 November 1993, A8; Michelle Lalonde, "Choquette soliciting anglophone support for his mayoral bid," *Montreal Gazette*, 11 May 1994, A3.
7. Michelle Lalonde, "City manager to make $140,000 a year; Salary is more than civil servant was paid while working for MUC," *Montreal Gazette*, 11 May 1994, A6.
8. Michelle Lalonde, "Choquette unveils pro-automobile policy; Mayoral hopeful wants to dismantle bike paths, build parking lots," *Montreal Gazette*, 16 June 1994, A3.
9. "The shocking Mr. Choquette; Mayoral candidate's plans for more cars is madness" \[editorial\], *Montreal Gazette*, 17 June 1994, B2; Michelle Lalonde, "Sports complex to open in 1996; Cote des Neiges gets $12- million centre," *Montreal Gazette*, 17 June 1994, A3.
10. Jérôme Choquette, "Mayoral hopeful aims to help cyclists, motorists," *Montreal Gazette*, 26 June 1994, B3.
11. Michelle Lalonde, "I'll shut Miron and ship trash to rural sites: Choquette," *Montreal Gazette*, 27 July 1994, A3.
12. Michelle Lalonde, "I could cut taxes by $600 million: Choquette," *Montreal Gazette*, 2 September 1994, A3.
13. Ingrid Peritz, "Choquette plans \`draconian' spending cuts," *Montreal Gazette*, 28 September 1994, A3.
14. Michelle Lalonde, "Forget C-word, it's time to think local," *Montreal Gazette*, 24 September 1994, A1.
15. "Searle to run for Montrealers' Party," *Montreal Gazette*, 7 April 1994, A3.
16. Henry Aubin, "Old war-horse Choquette emerges from the pack," *Montreal Gazette*, 4 October 1994, B3. For more details on the party's platform, see Michelle Lalonde, "Where the Parties Stand; A look at the major issues at stake in tomorrow's municipal election; Jerome Choquette Montrealers' Party," *Montreal Gazette*, 5 November 1994, B2.
17. Irwin Block, "It was lights out for Montrealers' Party; Victory in N.D.G. council race is only bright spot for Choquette's group," *Montreal Gazette*, 7 November 1994, A4.
18. "Applebaum, Searle to sit as independent city councillors," *Montreal Gazette*, 4 April 1995, A3.
19. Michelle Lalonde, "\`Absent-minded' voters to blame for demise of my team: Choquette," *Montreal Gazette*, 10 May 1995, A3.
20. Monique Beaudin and Helena Katz, "Choquette party may pull plug on itself," *Montreal Gazette*, 19 April 1995, A1.


title: Parti de la Démocratisation Économique

abstract:
The Parti de la Démocratisation Économique was a group of five candidates in Quebec, Canada, who unsuccessfully sought election to the House of Commons of Canada in the 25 June 1968 federal election. Together, they won 2,651 votes, or 1.7% of the popular votes in the ridings in which they ran.
  - Source: Parliament of Canada History of the Federal Electoral Ridings since 1867

text:
# Parti de la Démocratisation Économique

The ***Parti de la Démocratisation Économique*** (Party of Economic Democratization) was a group of five candidates in Quebec, Canada, who unsuccessfully sought election to the House of Commons of Canada in the 25 June 1968 federal election. Together, they won 2,651 votes, or 1.7% of the popular votes in the ridings in which they ran.

Election Results
| Name of candidate | Riding | \# of votes | % of popular vote |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Guy-Gilles Lacombe | Papineau | 537 | 2.4% |
| Emile Laporte | Gamelin | 365 | 1.1% |
| Jean Meloche | Saint-Jean | 214 | 1.2% |
| Sylvio-Robert St-Jean | Saint-Michel | 711 | 2.1% |
| Pierre Therrien | Terrebonne | 824 | 2.4% |
|


title: Patrick Dogue

abstract: Patrick Dogue is a German modern pentathlete who won the national title in 2013 and 2015. He qualified for the 2016 Summer Olympics by placing second at the 2016 World Cup; he finished sixth in the Olympics. His brother Marvin is also an international modern pentathlete.

text:
# Patrick Dogue

**Patrick Dogue** (born 9 March 1992) is a German modern pentathlete who won the national title in 2013 and 2015. He qualified for the 2016 Summer Olympics by placing second at the 2016 World Cup; he finished sixth in the Olympics. His brother Marvin is also an international modern pentathlete.

## InfoBox

Patrick Dogue
| Dogue at the 2016 Olympics | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Born | 9 March 1992 (1992-03-09) (age 32)
Ludwigshafen, Germany |
| Height | 197 cm (6 ft 6 in) |
| Weight | 81 kg (179 lb) |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Modern pentathlon |
| Club | OSC Potsdam |
| Coached by | Claudia Adermann (personal)
Christian Sandow (national) |
| Medal record      World Championships  2019 Budapest Relay  2021 Cairo Team  2021 Cairo Mixed relay  2022 Alexandria Team  European Championships  2017 Minsk Relay | |


title: Patrizio (album)

abstract: Patrizio is the third album of Italian baritone Patrizio Buanne. It was released in the United States on September 8, 2009, and in the United Kingdom on April 5, 2010. While his previous two albums focused on the Italian songbook, his third album was "a much more conventional affair that recalls the contemporary swing-pop output of Michael Bublé."

text:
# Patrizio (album)

***Patrizio*** is the third album of Italian baritone Patrizio Buanne. It was released in the United States on September 8, 2009, and in the United Kingdom on April 5, 2010.

While his previous two albums focused on the Italian songbook, his third album was "a much more conventional affair that recalls the contemporary swing-pop output of Michael Bublé."

## Track listing

Australian
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Original artist | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "On The Street Where You Live" |  | Vic Damone | 4:06 |
| 2. | "Crazy" |  | Patsy Cline | 4:32 |
| 3. | "Have You Ever Really Loved a Woman?" |  | Bryan Adams | 4:47 |
| 4. | "Mambo Italiano" |  | Rosemary Clooney | 3:16 |
| 5. | "Make Love (Amore-Sempre con te)" | * Joe Cang * Matteo Saggese |  | 3:14 |
| 6. | "Grande, grande, grande-Never, Never, Never" |  | Mina * Shirley Bassey | 4:17 |
| 7. | "Fly Me To The Moon" |  |  | 4:35 |
| 8. | "I Can't Say No" | * Howard * Kaye * Parks * Vetesse |  | 3:41 |
| 9. | "Maybe This Summer (Estate)" | * Brighetti * Martino | Peggy Lee | 4:12 |
| 10. | "Why Did You Have To Be?" |  | Debelah Morgan | 4:38 |
| 11. | "Americano (Tu vuo' fa l'americano)" | * Setzer * Himelstein * Salerno * Carosone | Renato Carosone | 3:07 |
| 12. | "You're My Everything" | * de Scarano * Gomes * Donnez | Santa Esmeralda | 3:57 |

UK edition
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Original artist | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "First Day of My Life" |  | Melanie C | 3:28 |
| 2. | "This Kiss Tonight" |  |  | 3:27 |
| 3. | "Solo Tu (My Baby)" |  |  | 3:45 |
| 4. | "Grande, grande, grande-Never, Never, Never" | * Alberto Testa * Norman Newell * Tony Renis | Mina * Shirley Bassey | 4:17 |
| 5. | "Maybe This Summer (Estate)" | * Brighetti * Martino | Peggy Lee | 4:12 |
| 6. | "Why Did You Have To Be?" |  | Debelah Morgan | 4:38 |
| 7. | "There's Nothing Like This" |  |  | 4:08 |
| 8. | "Crazy" |  | Patsy Cline | 4:32 |
| 9. | "Fly Me To The Moon" |  |  | 4:35 |
| 10. | "I Can't Say No" | * Howard * Kaye * Parks * Vetesse |  | 3:41 |
| 11. | "Have You Ever Really Loved a Woman?" |  | Bryan Adams | 4:47 |
| 12. | "You're My Everything" | * de Scarano * Gomes * Donnez | Santa Esmeralda | 3:57 |

## Special Edition

This album was released in four different versions worldwide. Whereas most of the songs are similar, some songs are not available on all editions, such as *On The Street Where You Live*, a cover of the Melanie C song *First Day of My Life*, the songs *Solo Tu (My Baby)*, *There's Nothing Like This* and the original *This Kiss Tonight*. All songs are available on the *Australian Special Edition* though.

## Charts

| Charts (2009–11) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Australian Albums Chart | 17 |
| New Zealand Albums Chart | 4 |
| US Billboard Jazz Albums | 5 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Australia (ARIA) | Gold | 35,000^ |
| ^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## InfoBox

| Patrizio | |
| --- | --- |
| CD cover of *Patrizio* | |
| Studio album by Patrizio Buanne | |
| Released | September 8, 2009 (US),
April 5, 2010 (UK) |
| Genre | Popera |
| Language | Italian, English |
| Label | WEA International |
| Patrizio Buanne chronology | |
| *Forever Begins Tonight*
(2006) ***Patrizio***
(2009) *Wunderbar*
(2012) | |
|  | |
| Alternative cover | |
|  | |
| Australian Special Edition | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Patrizia Vicinelli

abstract: Patrizia Vicinelli was an Italian poet, writer, artist and actress. Vincinelli was born in Bologna, where she grew up. She enrolled at the University of Bologna with the ambition to become a Literare Professor but never completed her studies. In the early 1960s, she started performing sound poetry and concrete poetry. In 1966, she attended a conference held in La Spezia by the avant-garde literary group Gruppo 63 and was later invited to become a member. She contributed to literary magazines such as Alfabeta, Doc(k)s, Marcatré, Ex and Quindici. Her work in experimental theatre and contemporary music brought her to collaborate with poets and writers such as Emilio Villa, Adriano Spatola and Franco Beltrametti. She also performed in avant-garde films such as In viaggio con Patrizia (1965) and Virulentia (1967) by Alberto Grifi; La Notte e il giorno by Gianni Castagnoli (1967); and Toxic Love by Claudio Caligari (1983). Vicinelli died in Bologna in 1991.

text:
# Patrizia Vicinelli

**Patrizia Vicinelli** (Bologna, 23 August 1943  9 January 1991) was an Italian poet, writer, artist and actress.

Vincinelli was born in Bologna, where she grew up. She enrolled at the University of Bologna with the ambition to become a Literare Professor but never completed her studies. In the early 1960s, she started performing sound poetry and concrete poetry. In 1966, she attended a conference held in La Spezia by the avant-garde literary group Gruppo 63 and was later invited to become a member.

She contributed to literary magazines such as *Alfabeta*, *Doc(k)s*, *Marcatré*, *Ex* and *Quindici*.

Her work in experimental theatre and contemporary music brought her to collaborate with poets and writers such as Emilio Villa, Adriano Spatola and Franco Beltrametti.

She also performed in avant-garde films such as *In viaggio con Patrizia* (1965) and *Virulentia* (1967) by Alberto Grifi; *La Notte e il giorno* by Gianni Castagnoli (1967); and *Toxic Love* by Claudio Caligari (1983).

Vicinelli died in Bologna in 1991.

## Selected bibliography

* *à,a.A*, Lerici, Milan, 1967
* *Ezio Gribaudo: Il peso del concreto*, Edizioni d'Arte Fratelli Pozzo, Turin, 1967
* *Continuum: Foglio a redazione collettiva*, no. 4, Continuum, Naples, 1970
* *Signos Espacio Arte – exposicion internacional de la poesia concreta al arte conceptual*, Club Pueblo, Madrid, 1973
* *Arti visive, poesia visiva*, Editrice Magma, Rome, 1974
* *Oggi Poesia Domani. Rassegna internazionale di poesia visuale e fonetica*, Fiuggi Editore, Frosinone, 1979
* *El Lissitzky: Due quadrati*, Tau/ma, Bologna, 1979
* *Apology of a Schizoid Woman*, Tau/ma, Bologna, 1979
* *Il colpo di glottide. La poesia come fisicità e materia*, Vallecchi Editore, Florence, 1980
* *Mini 3*, Scorribanda Productions, Riva San Vitale, Switzerland, 1986
* *Non sempre ricordano*, AElia Laelia, Bologna, 1986
* *Scrittura visuale in Italia 1912-1972*, Galleria Civica di Arte Moderna e Contemporanea, Turin, 1973
* *Nanni Balestrini, Franco Vaccari, Patrizia Vicinelli: A Column, a Bar, a Voice*, Archivio di Nuova Scrittura, Milan, 1994

## Further reading

* Renato Pedio (ed.), *Patrizia Vicinelli: Opere*, Scheiwiller, Milan, 1994.
* Cecilia Bello Minciacchi (ed.), *Patrizia Vicinelli: Non sempre ricordano. Poesia prosa performance*, Le Lettere, Florence, 2009. ISBN 978-8860872227
* V. A., *Chicago Quarterly Review Volume 20: The Italian Issue*, Create Space Independent Publishing Platform, Chicago, 2015. ISBN 978-1508814542


title: Passaic Valley Sewerage Commission

abstract: The Passaic Valley Sewerage Commission (PVSC) is a regional wastewater public utility located in Newark, New Jersey. Established in 1902, PVSC provides sewage treatment services to 1.5 million people, consisting of 48 municipalities, in Bergen, Essex, Hudson, Union and Passaic Counties. The commission also provides environmental education programs to school districts in its service area. The largest cities are Newark, Jersey City, Bayonne, Union City, East Orange, Passaic, Paterson, Clifton, and the Township of North Bergen. The utility's treatment plant uses activated sludge secondary treatment technology, has a design capacity of 330 million gallons per day (MGD) and discharges to Newark Bay. In addition to processing the biosolids (sludge) from the Newark Bay plant, PVSC also processes liquid wastes and sludge from facilities outside its service area, including the Bergen County Utilities Authority.

text:
# Passaic Valley Sewerage Commission

The **Passaic Valley Sewerage Commission** (**PVSC**) is a regional wastewater public utility located in Newark, New Jersey. Established in 1902, PVSC provides sewage treatment services to 1.5 million people, consisting of 48 municipalities, in Bergen, Essex, Hudson, Union and Passaic Counties. The commission also provides environmental education programs to school districts in its service area. The largest cities are Newark, Jersey City, Bayonne, Union City, East Orange, Passaic, Paterson, Clifton, and the Township of North Bergen.

The utility's treatment plant uses activated sludge secondary treatment technology, has a design capacity of 330 million gallons per day (MGD) and discharges to Newark Bay. In addition to processing the biosolids (sludge) from the Newark Bay plant, PVSC also processes liquid wastes (e.g. commercial waste, landfill leachate) and sludge from facilities outside its service area, including the Bergen County Utilities Authority.


title: Patrick Evans (priest)

abstract: Patrick Alexander Sidney Evans is a Church of England clergyman, born in 1943. As a child, he attended Stubbington House School between 1950-1956, before attending Clifton College between 1956-1961. He trained originally to become a solicitor and then worked in marketing and sales management, before training for ordination at Lincoln Theological College and becoming Vicar of St Mildred's, Tenterden and Area Dean of West Charing. He then became Archdeacon of Maidstone and Diocesan Director of Ordinands, posts he held until 2002, and then from 2002 to his retirement in March 2007 he was Archdeacon of Canterbury in the Church of England. From 1989 to 2007 he was also an Honorary Canon of Canterbury Cathedral. He is co-chairman of Canterbury and Rochester Church in Society and has also served as a trustee and board member of numerous Church associations and several secular charities.

text:
# Patrick Evans (priest)

**Patrick Alexander Sidney Evans** is a Church of England clergyman, born in 1943. As a child, he attended Stubbington House School between 1950-1956, before attending Clifton College between 1956-1961. He trained originally to become a solicitor and then worked in marketing and sales management, before training for ordination at Lincoln Theological College and becoming Vicar of St Mildred's, Tenterden and Area Dean of West Charing.

He then became Archdeacon of Maidstone and Diocesan Director of Ordinands, posts he held until 2002, and then from 2002 to his retirement in March 2007 he was Archdeacon of Canterbury in the Church of England. From 1989 to 2007 he was also an Honorary Canon of Canterbury Cathedral.

He is co-chairman of Canterbury and Rochester Church in Society and has also served as a trustee and board member of numerous Church associations and several secular charities.


title: Patrick Etshimi

abstract: Patrick Etshimi Kindenge, commonly known as Patrick Etshimi, is a Congolese professional footballer, who plays for Championnat National 2 side Aubervilliers.

text:
# Patrick Etshimi

**Patrick Etshimi Kindenge** (born 26 February 1989), commonly known as **Patrick Etshimi**, is a Congolese professional footballer, who plays for Championnat National 2 side Aubervilliers.

## Career

Etshimi was under contract at FC MK Etanchéité. Before 2009 he played for AS Dragons, and in 2009 for Vita Club (probably, on loan). In August 2009, he was on trial with Charleroi in Belgium.

He made his Russian Premier League debut on 13 March 2010 for PFC Spartak Nalchik in a game against FC Anzhi Makhachkala. His loan was terminated during the 2010 summer transfer window.

In July 2017, Etshimi joined French club Paris FC on a contract that would run until 2018.

In July 2019, he signed with French club SC Bastia on a contract that would run until 2022.

In June 2020, Etshimi agreed a move to US Lusitanos Saint-Maur.

## Honours

**Individual**

## InfoBox

Patrick Etshimi
| Etshimi in 2017 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | Patrick Etshimi Kindenge | | |
| Date of birth | (1989-02-26) 26 February 1989 | | |
| Place of birth | Kinshasa, Zaire | | |
| Height | 1.84 m (6 ft 0 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Striker | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | Aubervilliers | | |
| Number | 9 | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2007–2010 | FC MK Etanchéité |  |  |
| 2008 | Dragons (loan) |  |  |
| 2009 | Vita Club (loan) |  |  |
| 2010 | Spartak Nalchik (loan) | 5 | (0) |
| 2010–2012 | Association Sportive de Fresnoy |  |  |
| 2012–2013 | Roye-Noyon | 32 | (10) |
| 2013–2014 | Poissy | 23 | (15) |
| 2014–2015 | AC Amiens | 10 | (2) |
| 2015 | Ivry | 17 | (7) |
| 2015–2017 | L'Entente SSG | 58 | (35) |
| 2017–2018 | Paris FC | 4 | (1) |
| 2018 | Laval | 3 | (1) |
| 2018–2019 | Chambly | 13 | (3) |
| 2019–2019 | Progrès Niederkorn | 12 | (3) |
| 2019–2020 | Bastia | 16 | (6) |
| 2020–2022 | US Lusitanos Saint-Maur | 22 | (5) |
| 2022– | Aubervilliers | 0 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 1 July 2022 | | | |


title: Pastry bag

abstract: A pastry bag is an often cone- or triangular-shaped bag made from cloth, paper, plastic, or the intestinal lining of a lamb, that is squeezed by hand to pipe semi-solid foods by pressing them through a narrow opening at one end often fitted with a shaped nozzle, for many purposes including in particular cake decoration and icing. It is filled through a wider opening at the opposite end, rolled or twisted closed, and then squeezed to extrude its contents. Many differently shaped nozzles are used to produce cross-sections such as star, leaf, and flower-petal shapes; a simple circular nozzle makes round shapes and is also used for filling pastries such as profiteroles. In addition to icing, pastry bags are commonly used to shape meringue and whipped cream, and to fill doughnuts with jelly or custard. They are used to form cream puffs, éclairs, and ladyfingers. Bags can also be used to shape savory foods such as filling for deviled eggs, whipped butter, and mashed potatoes. Reusable bags are usually made from tightly woven nylon, polyester, rubber or waterproofed (plastic-coated) cotton. After use they are washed and hung to dry. A high-quality bag may last for many years. Disposable bags do not require washing; they are typically made of inexpensive plastic. A plastic food storage bag may be used as a pastry bag. For small quantities and fine piping, a pastry bag can be made by rolling cooking parchment or wax paper into a cone, filling it, folding the wide end several times to close it, and then cutting the tip into whatever shape is desired. This is especially useful for small quantities of melted chocolate, since a very small hole can be cut and the bag can be discarded when it cools and becomes clogged. Interchangeable tips usually come in sets; particular tips can often be purchased individually. They may be chrome-plated or stainless steel, or plastic. Each tip is cone-shaped, with a base too large to fit through the small opening in the bag; in some cases they are inserted through the larger opening before food is spooned in. If tips need to be interchanged without emptying the bag, they can be used with pairs of adapter rings: an inner ring is dropped inside the bag and pushed part way out the hole, a tip is slipped over the ring, then an outer ring is slipped over the tip and screwed onto the inner ring. Some inexpensive sets are of disposable plastic film with a drop-in ring and screw-on plastic tips. Many foods can be purchased in disposable packaging designed to serve the function of a pastry bag.

text:
# Pastry bag

A **pastry bag** (or **piping bag** in the Commonwealth) is an often cone\- or triangular-shaped bag made from cloth, paper, plastic, or the intestinal lining of a lamb, that is squeezed by hand to *pipe* semi-solid foods by pressing them through a narrow opening at one end often fitted with a shaped nozzle, for many purposes including in particular cake decoration and icing. It is filled through a wider opening at the opposite end, rolled or twisted closed, and then squeezed to extrude its contents. Many differently shaped nozzles are used to produce cross-sections such as star, leaf, and flower-petal shapes; a simple circular nozzle makes round shapes and is also used for filling pastries such as profiteroles.

In addition to icing, pastry bags are commonly used to shape meringue and whipped cream, and to fill doughnuts with jelly or custard. They are used to form cream puffs, éclairs, and ladyfingers. Bags can also be used to shape savory foods such as filling for deviled eggs, whipped butter, and mashed potatoes (especially for *Pommes duchesse*).

Reusable bags are usually made from tightly woven nylon, polyester, rubber or waterproofed (plastic-coated) cotton. After use they are washed and hung to dry. A high-quality bag may last for many years.

Disposable bags do not require washing; they are typically made of inexpensive plastic. A plastic food storage bag may be used as a pastry bag. For small quantities and fine piping, a pastry bag can be made by rolling cooking parchment or wax paper into a cone, filling it, folding the wide end several times to close it, and then cutting the tip into whatever shape is desired. This is especially useful for small quantities of melted chocolate, since a very small hole can be cut and the bag can be discarded when it cools and becomes clogged.

Interchangeable tips usually come in sets; particular tips can often be purchased individually. They may be chrome-plated or stainless steel, or plastic. Each tip is cone-shaped, with a base too large to fit through the small opening in the bag; in some cases they are inserted through the larger opening before food is spooned in. If tips need to be interchanged without emptying the bag, they can be used with pairs of adapter rings: an inner ring is dropped inside the bag and pushed part way out the hole, a tip is slipped over the ring, then an outer ring is slipped over the tip and screwed onto the inner ring. Some inexpensive sets are of disposable plastic film with a drop-in ring and screw-on plastic tips (see image above). Many foods (including frosting and pressurized "spray can" whipped cream) can be purchased in disposable packaging designed to serve the function of a pastry bag.


title: Patrick Lam

abstract: Patrick Lam is a Hong Kong equestrian. He competed in two events at the 2008 Summer Olympics.

text:
# Patrick Lam

**Patrick Lam** (born 24 June 1983) is a Hong Kong equestrian. He competed in two events at the 2008 Summer Olympics.

## InfoBox

Patrick Lam
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | Hong Konger |
| Born | (1983-06-24) 24 June 1983 |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Equestrian |
| Medal record      Equestrian  Representing  Hong Kong  Asian Games  2010 Guangzhou Team jumping | |


title: Pate

abstract: Pate, pâte au lait, or paté may refer to:

text:
# Pate

**Pate**, **pâte au lait**, or **paté** may refer to:

## Foods

### Pâté 'pastry'

* Pâté, various French meat forcemeat pies or loaves
* Pâté haïtien or Haitian patty, a meat-filled puff pastry dish
* *Pate* or *paté* (anglicized spellings), the Virgin Islands version of empanadas, a meat or vegetable-filled fried-dough dish

### Pâte 'dough'

* *Pate*, *pâte*, or *paste*, the body of cheese excluding the rind
* Pâte à choux, a kind of choux pastry

## Places

## Other


title: Pate (surname)

abstract:
Pate is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
  - Alan Pate, American golfer
  - Archie Pate (1886–1936), American Negro league baseball player
  - Ashby Pate, American lawyer and former associate justice of Palau
  - Bertha Lee Pate (1902–1975), American blues singer
  - Bob Pate, American baseball player
  - Bobby Pate (born ?), American football player and coach
  - Brooks Pate (born ?), American professor of chemistry
  - Christine Pomponio-Pate, American competitive fitness model and actress
  - Danny Pate, American bicycle racer
  - David Pate, American tennis player
  - Henry Clay Pate (1833–1864), soldier defeated in Kansas by John Brown
  - James Leonard Pate (1935–2003), American oil executive, economist, and author
  - Janez Pate, Slovenian football player and manager
  - Jerry Pate, American golfer
  - Joe Pate (1892–1948), American baseball player
  - John Pate (born ?), American football coach
  - Johnny Pate, American jazz bass guitarist, music arranger, and record producer
  - Jonas Pate, American screenwriter, director, and producer
  - Josh Pate, American screenwriter, director, and producer
  - Kimberly Pate
  - Klytie Pate (1912–2010) Australian potter, ceramicist, and artist
  - Lloyd Pate, American football player
  - Louis M. Pate Jr., American politician
  - Martha Lucas Pate (1912–1983), American educator, administrator, philanthropist
  - Maurice Pate (1894–1965), American humanitarian and businessman
  - Michael Pate (1920–2008), Australian actor, writer, director, and WWII Army veteran
  - Miguel Pate, American track and field athlete, and Olympic competitor
  - Muhammad Ali Pate, Nigerian civil servant and public health doctor
  - Nick Pate, American professional ten-pin bowler
  - Paul Pate, American businessman and politician
  - Randolph M. Pate (1898–1961), US Marine Commandant
  - Richard Pate (1516–1588), English landowner, politician, and founder of Pate's Grammar School
  - Richard Pate (bishop), English bishop
  - Rick Pate, American politician
  - Robert Pate (1819–1895), British army officer known for his assault of Queen Victoria in 1850
  - Rupert Pate (1917–2014), American football player
  - Sandy Pate, Scottish footballer
  - Stephen Pate, Australian cyclist and Olympic competitor
  - Steve Pate, American golfer
  - Tom Pate (1952–1975), American linebacker for the Canadian Football League
  - Walter Pate (1874-1950), American politician

text:
# Pate (surname)

**Pate** is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

* Alan Pate (born 1963), American golfer
* Archie Pate (1886–1936), American Negro league baseball player
* Ashby Pate (born 1978), American lawyer and former associate justice of Palau
* Bertha Lee Pate (1902–1975), American blues singer
* Bob Pate (born 1953), American baseball player
* Bobby Pate (born ?), American football player and coach
* Brooks Pate (born ?), American professor of chemistry
* Christine Pomponio-Pate (born 1975), American competitive fitness model and actress
* Danny Pate (born 1979), American bicycle racer
* David Pate (born 1962), American tennis player
* Henry Clay Pate (1833–1864), soldier defeated in Kansas by John Brown
* James Leonard Pate (1935–2003), American oil executive, economist, and author
* Janez Pate (born 1965), Slovenian football player and manager
* Jerry Pate (born 1953), American golfer
* Joe Pate (1892–1948), American baseball player
* John Pate (born ?), American football coach
* Johnny Pate (born 1923), American jazz bass guitarist, music arranger, and record producer
* Jonas Pate (born 1970), American screenwriter, director, and producer (twin brother of Josh)
* Josh Pate (born 1970), American screenwriter, director, and producer (twin brother of Jonas)
* Kimberly Pate (a disambiguation page)
* Klytie Pate (1912–2010) Australian potter, ceramicist, and artist
* Lloyd Pate (born 1946), American football player
* Louis M. Pate Jr. (born 1936), American politician
* Martha Lucas Pate (1912–1983), American educator, administrator, philanthropist
* Maurice Pate (1894–1965), American humanitarian and businessman
* Michael Pate (1920–2008), Australian actor, writer, director, and WWII Army veteran
* Miguel Pate (born 1979), American track and field athlete, and Olympic competitor
* Muhammad Ali Pate (born 1968), Nigerian civil servant and public health doctor
* Nick Pate, American professional ten-pin bowler
* Paul Pate (born 1958), American businessman and politician
* Randolph M. Pate (1898–1961), US Marine Commandant
* Richard Pate (1516–1588), English landowner, politician, and founder of Pate's Grammar School
* Richard Pate (bishop) (Pates, Patys, died 1565), English bishop
* Rick Pate (born 1955), American politician
* Robert Pate (1819–1895), British army officer known for his assault of Queen Victoria in 1850
* Rupert Pate (1917–2014), American football player
* Sandy Pate (born 1944), Scottish footballer
* Stephen Pate (born 1964), Australian cyclist and Olympic competitor
* Steve Pate (born 1961), American golfer
* Tom Pate (1952–1975), American linebacker for the Canadian Football League
* Walter Pate (1874-1950), American politician