title: William H. O'Brien

abstract: William H. O'Brien was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly.

text:
# William H. O'Brien

**William H. O'Brien** was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly.

## Biography

O'Brien was born on June 17, 1871, in Franklin, Kewaunee County, Wisconsin. He would become a teacher and would own and operate a farm in Franklin.

## Political career

O'Brien was elected to the assembly in 1914, 1916 and 1918. At the time of his election to the assembly, he was county treasurer of Kewaunee County, Wisconsin, having been elected in 1910 and 1912. In addition, O'Brien had been chairman (similar to mayor) and town clerk of Franklin and a member and vice chairman of the County Board of Kewaunee County. He was a Democrat.


title: William Dyce Cay

abstract: William Dyce Cay, MICE FRSE was a Scottish civil engineer. He was responsible for the majority of late 19th century works to Aberdeen harbour. He was described by his cousin, James Clerk Maxwell, as a "watery engineer".

text:
# William Dyce Cay

**William Dyce Cay**, MICE FRSE (28 March 1838 – 13 December 1925) was a Scottish civil engineer. He was responsible for the majority of late 19th century works to Aberdeen harbour. He was described by his cousin, James Clerk Maxwell, as a "watery engineer".

## Life

He was born the son of Robert Dundas Cay, an Edinburgh lawyer, and Isabella Dyce (1811–1852).

In 1844 the family moved to Hong Kong following his father's appointment as Registrar to the Supreme Court of that city. His mother died there as the result of injuries from a carriage accident in 1852 and is buried in the Happy Valley Cemetery in Victoria, Hong Kong.

William returned to Edinburgh soon after this, to study mathematics at Edinburgh University, winning the prestigious Straiton Gold Medal in 1856. He then moved to Belfast to serve as an apprentice engineer under Lord Kelvin's brother, James Thomson. On completion of his training in 1858 he began to specialise in harbour design, and spent the bulk of his working life improving Aberdeen's docks and harbours. From 1873 he was assisted by James Barron who later set up as an independent harbour engineer.

He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1882. In 1890 he obtained a house on Blackford Road in Edinburgh.

He died at Folkestone, Kent on 13 December 1925.

## Known works

## Family

His uncles (his mother's brothers) were William Dyce the artist and Professor Robert Dyce.

His cousin (through his father's sister) was James Clerk Maxwell. They were close friends and Cay served as Maxwell's best man upon his marriage.

## InfoBox

| William Dyce Cay | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 28 March 1838
Edinburgh, Scotland |
| Died | 13 December 1925
Folkestone, England |
| Occupation | Scottish civil engineer |


title: William J. Leverett House

abstract: The William J. Leverett House is a historic house in the Nob Hill neighborhood of Albuquerque, New Mexico. It was built in 1928 and is a notable early example of the Pueblo Revival style. The property was listed on the New Mexico State Register of Cultural Properties in 1985 and the National Register of Historic Places in 1986. It is also a contributing property in the Monte Vista and College View Historic District. The house was built as a personal residence and model home by William J. Leverett, the developer of the surrounding Monte Vista subdivision. It has been compared to the James N. Gladding House, which is also a Pueblo-style model home built around the same time in the Spruce Park neighborhood. The Leverett house is roughly rectangular in plan, one story high, and constructed from stuccoed adobe. It displays many characteristics of the Pueblo style such as vigas, irregular parapets, and front and rear portales or porticos with log posts and corbels.

text:
# William J. Leverett House

The **William J. Leverett House** is a historic house in the Nob Hill neighborhood of Albuquerque, New Mexico. It was built in 1928 and is a notable early example of the Pueblo Revival style. The property was listed on the New Mexico State Register of Cultural Properties in 1985 and the National Register of Historic Places in 1986. It is also a contributing property in the Monte Vista and College View Historic District.

The house was built as a personal residence and model home by William J. Leverett, the developer of the surrounding Monte Vista subdivision. It has been compared to the James N. Gladding House, which is also a Pueblo-style model home built around the same time in the Spruce Park neighborhood. The Leverett house is roughly rectangular in plan, one story high, and constructed from stuccoed adobe. It displays many characteristics of the Pueblo style such as vigas, irregular parapets, and front and rear *portales* or porticos with log posts and corbels.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| William J. Leverett House | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| U.S. Historic district
Contributing property | |
| NM State Register of Cultural Properties | |
|  | |
| The house in 2010 | |
|  | |
| Location | 301 Dartmouth Dr. NE,
Albuquerque, New Mexico |
| Coordinates | 35°5′8″N 106°36′44″W / 35.08556°N 106.61222°W / 35.08556; -106.61222 |
| Built | 1928 |
| Architectural style | Pueblo Revival |
| Part of | Monte Vista and College View Historic District (ID01000770) |
| NRHP reference No. | 86000221 |
| NMSRCP No. | 1212 |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | February 13, 1986 |
| Designated CP | August 3, 2001 |
| Designated NMSRCP | November 22, 1985 |


title: William Duval (ice hockey)

abstract: William James "Peg" Duval was a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman who played for the Ottawa Hockey Club and the Pittsburgh Victorias in the late 1890s and early 1900s. He was a member of the Canadian champion 1901 Ottawa team and captain of the Ottawa team for the 1902 season. He was one of the first professional players in ice hockey.

text:
# William Duval (ice hockey)

**William James "Peg" Duval** (August 3, 1877 – June 7, 1905) was a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman who played for the Ottawa Hockey Club and the Pittsburgh Victorias in the late 1890s and early 1900s. He was a member of the Canadian champion 1901 Ottawa team and captain of the Ottawa team for the 1902 season. He was one of the first professional players in ice hockey.

## Playing career

Born in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, Duval played intermediate hockey for the Ottawa Aberdeens and Ottawa Atlantic Railway teams before joining the Ottawa Hockey Club in the 1899–1900 season. He played two further seasons for Ottawa, and was named captain prior to the 1902 season. In February 1903, his teammate Rat Westwick married Duval's sister Ruby.

Duval moved to Pittsburgh to play professional ice hockey with the Pittsburgh Victorias of the Western Pennsylvania Hockey League (WPHL) in 1902–03. After two seasons with the Victorias, Duval joined the Pittsburgh Pros of the International Professional Hockey League for 1904–05.

Duval died due to alcoholism on June 7, 1905. Duval had been acting in an unusual manner in the weeks previous, and had been drinking heavily. The reason for the heavy drinking was not fully disclosed publicly, however, a letter arrived at his boarding house after his death from his sister, advising Duval that the "girl and the baby were doing well and that he should not be downcast." Duval had been suspended in December 1904 without pay by the Pros team for not being in condition to play although he returned to the team in time to score the winning goal in a game against Hod Stuart's Calumet team on January 7, 1905. He was released by the team in February 1905 for being unable to stay in condition to play. A *Pittsburg Press* newspaper report at that time said that "'Peggy' when in condition can hold his end up with any of them, but the wine when it is red seems to have a fascination for him, hence his downfall." At the time of death, Duval was working for the Pennsylvania Railroad. Duval had previously worked for the Canada Atlantic Railway in Ottawa.

## Statistics

|  | | |  | Regular season | | | | |  | Playoffs | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Season | Team | League | | GP |  |  | Pts | PIM | | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| 1899-1900 | Ottawa Hockey Club | CAHL | | 5 | 2 |  | 2 |  | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1900-01 | Ottawa Hockey Club | CAHL | | 8 | 0 |  | 0 |  | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1901-02 | Ottawa Hockey Club | CAHL | | 5 | 2 |  | 2 |  | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1902–03 | Pittsburgh Victorias | WPHL | | 13 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 8 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1903–04 | Pittsburgh Victorias | WPHL | | 10 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 0 | |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Pittsburgh Victorias | US Pro | |  |  |  |  |  | | 6 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| 1904–05 | Pittsburgh Professionals | IPHL | | 13 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 6 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| CAHL totals | | | | 18 | 4 |  | 4 |  | |  |  |  |  |  |
| WPHL totals | | | | 23 | 3 | 5 | 8 | 8 | |  |  |  |  |  |

*Statistics per Society for International Hockey Research at sihrhockey.org*

### Bibliography

* Kitchen, Paul (2008). *Win, Tie or Wrangle*. Manotick, Ontario: Penumbra Press. ISBN 978-1-897323-46-5.

### Notes

## InfoBox

| William Duval | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Duval with the Ottawa Hockey Club in 1901. | | | |
| Born | (1877-08-03)August 3, 1877
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada | | |
| Died | June 7, 1905(1905-06-07) (aged 27)
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States | | |
| Position | Cover point | | |
| Played for | Ottawa Aberdeens
Ottawa Atlantic Railway
Ottawa Hockey Club
Pittsburgh Victorias
Pittsburgh Professionals | | |
| Playing career | 18991905 | | |


title: William Grason Scott

abstract: William Grason Scott was an American politician from Maryland. He served as a member of the Maryland House of Delegates, representing Harford County from 1878 to 1880.

text:
# William Grason Scott

**William Grason Scott** (died April 5, 1882) was an American politician from Maryland. He served as a member of the Maryland House of Delegates, representing Harford County from 1878 to 1880.

## Early life

William Grason Scott was born to Otho Scott. His father was one of the first lawyers in Maryland. He was the grandson of Maryland governor William Grason and nephew of judge Richard Grason. He attended Mount St. Mary's University and finished his studies in Germany and France. He studied law under Henry D. Farnandis.

## Career

Scott was a Democrat. He served as a member of the Maryland House of Delegates, representing Harford County from 1878 to 1880.

## Personal life

Scott was a member of St. Ignatius Catholic Church.

Scott died from scarlet fever on April 5, 1882, at the age of 35, at Guy's Hotel in Baltimore. He was buried at St. Ignatius Cemetery.

## InfoBox

| William Grason Scott | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Maryland House of Delegates
from the Harford County district | |
| **In office**
1878–1880Serving with Silas Scarboro, Murray Vandiver, James B. Preston | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Died | (aged 35)
Baltimore, Maryland, U.S. |
| Resting place | St. Ignatius Cemetery |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Parent |  |
| Relatives | William Grason (grandfather)
Richard Grason (uncle) |
| Alma mater | Mount St. Mary's University |
|  | |


title: William J. Shea

abstract: William J. Shea was a justice of the Connecticut Supreme Court from 1959 to 1965.

text:
# William J. Shea

**William J. Shea** (April 4, 1900 – February 5, 1965) was a justice of the Connecticut Supreme Court from 1959 to 1965.

## Early life, education, and political career

Born on a farm in Vernon, Connecticut, Shea graduated from that city's Rockville High School and then attended Trinity College, in Hartford, Connecticut, and the Catholic University of America, in Washington, D.C. He received his law degree from Catholic University Law School in 1925. and entered the private practice of law in Manchester, Connecticut. In 1933, Shea was elected as a Republican to the position of Manchester town prosecutor. He was elected to a term in the Connecticut House of Representatives in 1937, and then to the Connecticut Senate in 1939.

## Judicial service

In 1940, Governor Robert A. Hurley named Shea to the Connecticut Superior Court, where his docket included the criminal prosecutions following the infamous Hartford circus fire of 1944.

Shea eventually became chief justice of the Connecticut Superior Court, a position he held until 1959, when Governor Abraham Ribicoff elevated Shea to the state supreme court, where Shea served until his death.

## Personal life and death

Shea married Frances Spillane in 1930, with whom he had a daughter and two sons.

Shea died in his home in Manchester, following a lengthy illness.


abstract: William Haile was an American merchant, manufacturer and politician who served as the 26th governor of New Hampshire.

text:
# William Haile (New Hampshire politician)

**William Haile** (May 1807  July 22, 1876) was an American merchant, manufacturer and politician who served as the 26th governor of New Hampshire.

## Biography

Haile was born in Putney, Vermont in May 1807. He was educated in the local schools of Putney, and as a teenager he moved to Chesterfield, New Hampshire to work in a store and learn the mercantile business.

Haile's later operated his own store, which he later moved to Hinsdale, and he established Haile, Frost and Company, a business that produced flannel cloth and clothing items.

Originally a Democrat with nativist and antislavery views, Haile served in the New Hampshire House of Representatives from 1846 to 1850, and in 1853 and 1856. He was a member of the New Hampshire State Senate from 1854 to 1856, and was senate president in 1855.

Haile became a Republican when the party was founded in 1854, and was the party's successful nominee for governor in 1857. He was reelected in 1858, and served from June 4, 1857, to June 2, 1859.

In 1873 Haile moved to Keene, New Hampshire. He died in Keene on July 22, 1876, and was buried at Pine Grove Cemetery in Hinsdale.

His son, William H. Haile, served as Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts from 1890 to 1893.

## InfoBox

| William Haile | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| 26th Governor of New Hampshire | |
| **In office**
June 4, 1857  June 2, 1859 | |
| Preceded by | Ralph Metcalf |
| Succeeded by | Ichabod Goodwin |
| Member of the New Hampshire House of Representatives | |
| **In office**
1846–1850
1853
1856 | |
| Member of the New Hampshire Senate | |
| **In office**
1854–1856 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | May 1807 (1807-05)
Putney, Vermont, U.S. |
| Died | July 22, 1876 (1876-07-23) (aged 69)
Keene, New Hampshire, U.S. |
| Political party | Republican |
| Spouse | Sabrina Shaw Walker |
| Profession | Merchant
Manufacturer |
|  | |


title: William Hird

abstract: William Hird was an Australian cricketer. He played eighteen first-class matches for Tasmania between 1952 and 1961.

text:
# William Hird

**William Hird** (23 September 1921  15 April 2014) was an Australian cricketer. He played eighteen first-class matches for Tasmania between 1952 and 1961.

## InfoBox

William Hird
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1921-09-23)23 September 1921
Stanley, County Durham, England |
| Died | 15 April 2014(2014-04-15) (aged 92)
Longford, Tasmania, Australia |
| Domestic team information | |
| Years | Team |
| 1952-1961 | Tasmania |
|  | |
| Source: Cricinfo, 10 March 2016 | |


title: William Fraser Rae

abstract: William Fraser Rae (1835–1905) was a Scottish journalist and author.

text:
# William Fraser Rae

**William Fraser Rae** (1835–1905) was a Scottish journalist and author.

## Life

Born in Edinburgh on 3 March 1835, he was the elder son of George Rae and his wife, Catherine Fraser, both of Edinburgh. After education at Moffat Academy and Heidelberg University, he entered Lincoln's Inn as a student on 2 November 1857, and on 30 April 1861 was called to the bar. But he then gave up the law for a career as a journalist.

Rae edited for a time about 1860 *The Reader*, and early joined the staff of the *Daily News*, sympathetic to its liberal politics, as a special correspondent in Canada and the United States. Throat trouble led him to spend time at Austrian health resorts.

In his last years Rae felt his lack of recognition. He reviewed for *The Athenæum*, whose editor Norman MacColl was a close friend, and spent his time mainly at the Reform Club; he had joined in 1860, and was chairman of the library committee from 1873 till his death. He died on 21 January 1905 at 13 South Parade, Bath, Somerset, and was buried at Bath.

## Works

On his articles for the *Daily News*, Rae based the volume *Westward by Rail* (1870; 3rd edit. 1874), sequel *Columbia and Canada: Notes on the Great Republic and the New Dominion* (1877). There subsequently appeared *Newfoundland to Manitoba* (1881; with maps) and *Facts about Manitoba* (1882); reprinted articles from *The Times*, the source also for *Austrian Health Resorts, and the Bitter Waters of Hungary* (1888; 2nd edit. 1889). In *The Business of Travel* (1891) he described the methods of Thomas Cook & Son, the travel agents, and a visit produced *Egypt to-day; the First to the Third Khedive* (1892).

Rae saw success as the translator of Edmond About's *Handbook of Social Economy* (1872; 2nd edit. 1885) and Hippolyte Taine's *Notes on England* (1873; 8th edit. 1885). Taking up English political history of the 18th century, in 1874 he brought out*Wilkes, Sheridan, and Fox: or the Opposition under George III*, which echoed the style of Thomas Babington Macaulay. On the question of the identity of Junius, he wroteoften in *The Athenæum* from 1888, for over the decade: with Charles Wentworth Dilke and the *Athenæum* tradition, he rejected the identification of Junius with Sir Philip Francis.

With the aid of Lord Dufferin and others connected with the family, Rae researched Richard Brinsley Sheridan and tried to improve his reputation. *Sheridan, a Biography* (2 vols. 1896) dispelled some rumours, but failed as a whitewash. In 1902 he published *Sheridan's Plays, now printed as he wrote them*, with *A Journey to Bath*, an unpublished comedy by Frances Sheridan.

Rae wrote the preface to Charles W. Vincent's *Catalogue of the Library of the Reform Club* (1883; 2nd and revised edit. 1894), and contributed to the *Dictionary of National Biography*. He published anonymously in 1873 *Men of the Third Republic*, and translated *English Portraits*, from Sainte-Beuve, in 1875. In fiction, Rae wrote three-volume novels: *Miss Bayle's Romance* (1887), followed by *A Modern Brigand* (1888), *Maygrove* (1890), and *An American Duchess* (1891).

## Family

Rae married, on 29 August 1860, Sara Eliza, second daughter of James Fordati of the Isle of Man and London. She died at Franzensbad, where Rae and herself were frequent autumn visitors, on 29 August 1902; she left two daughters.

**Attribution**

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Lee, Sidney, ed. (1912). "Rae, William Fraser". *Dictionary of National Biography (2nd supplement)*. Vol. 3. London: Smith, Elder & Co.


title: William Frater

abstract: William Frater (1890–1974) was a Scottish-born Australian stained-glass designer and modernist painter who challenged conservative tastes in Australian art.

text:
# William Frater

**William Frater** OBE (1890–1974) was a Scottish-born Australian stained-glass designer and modernist painter who challenged conservative tastes in Australian art.

## Early life and education

### Scotland

William Frater was born on 31 January 1890 at Ochiltree Castle, near Linlithgow in West Lothian in Scotland. His father was forester William Frater (1863–1893) and mother Sarah Boyd (née Manson) a farm servant (1857–1900). After his father died from typhoid, and his mother from gastroenteritis, Frater and his three siblings were brought up by his paternal grandmother Ann and uncle Andrew who lived in neighbouring houses at West Ochiltree Farm. Frater gained his Merit Certificate at Bridgend School, Auldhill Road, West Lothian in 1903, and attended Kingscavil Public School in 1904, then studied art at the Linlithgow Academy in 1905 before taking up a three-year apprenticeship in 1905 in the Oscar Paterson glass studio in Glasgow.

### Australia

Frater won the Glasgow School of Art Haldane Scholarship for drawing in 1906 and studied in the craft and stained glass workshops. However his uncle, fearing a penniless future for his nephew, prevented his entry into the final year to take painting, and Frater left the school 1909, migrating on the liner *Norseman* to Melbourne in September 1910, a year after his younger brother Tom, who had continued on to Sydney. His application to the National Gallery School of Art was rejected by Bernard Hall (1859–1935), and instead he found employment as overseer of stained-glass design at Brooks, Robinson & Co. Ltd on a five-year contract. He enrolled in the Victorian Artists' Society life class but his behaviour had him ejected. Affronted, he impulsively returned to Britain on the *Orama* in May 1912 after only five months, and completed his training at Glasgow in the senior painting classes at the School of Art under Maurice Greiffenhagen and Anning Bell.

In July 1913 he returned to Melbourne and in 1915 married tailor Winifred (Winnie) Dow (1888–1974), who had modelled for him before his return to Scotland, and they took up residence in Alphington. They had six children; a stillborn female (1915); Arthur, a manufacturer (1916–1998); John, a carpenter/builder (1920–2004); Barbara Dare, an actor and office worker (1924–2000); and twins, musician William (Bill) (1931–2009) and scientist Robin (1931–2014). Like other red-headed Scots, Frater was nicknamed 'Jock' by friends in his adopted country.

## Career

### Stained glass

Frater resumed his earlier position with Brooks, Robinson, then was employed by E. L. Yencken & Co. Pty Ltd to design the west window of Wesley Church, Lonsdale Street, Melbourne, which he regarded as his most significant design, and other commissions including windows of Kyabram Wesley Evangelical Methodist Church, St Stephen's Angligan Heritage Church, Wynyard, Tasmania and Birregurra Christ Church. Frater attempted to introduce his Glasgow Arts & Crafts training into his renditions of *The Light of the World* in the 1930s in glass at Holy Trinity Anglican, Oakleigh and St. Andrew's Presbyterian, Mansfield, but was confined by commercial considerations, so that while recognisable as The Light of the World, they lacked the symbolism of Hunt's painting of the subject and the Arts & Crafts ethos.

At Yencken he mentored teenage apprentice Alan Sumner for fifteen years, encouraging his painting ambitions, and made a lifelong friend in Arnold Shore, also a stained-glass designer, and they continued to paint and exhibit in their spare time.

### Tonalism

Between 1915 and 1920 Frater simplified his composition and design, based on his stained glass experience. For a time in his earlier painting interest in the classical seventeenth century painters interacted with his adoption of the analytical tonalism of Max Meldrum in figure and portrait paintings including *The artist's wife reading* (1915) and *Portrait of artist's wife* (1919). In a 1961 interview with Hazel de Berg, Frater recorded his interactions with Meldrum:

> Anyhow, I arrived back here...some months before the 1914 war broke out. Max Meldrum had come back here meanwhile, he had been abroad many years in France, and we had terrific arguments. Max would have nothing later than Manet, and the Impressionists he was not at all interested in. Really I think it was through my arguing and discussing with Max that was the beginning of what they called modern art here. Max was so dogmatic...and his conception of tone was just black and white really, and this idea of tone as colour, later in the early twenties, when I became aware of Cézanne, tone became not just light and shade, but tone values had colour values as well, so that was the great discovery, really, that I personally made...

### Post-impressionism

He experimented with Cézannesque modernist colour over the next decade, during which he led and taught a group of Australian modernists, assisting in the modern art school established by George Bell and Frater's lifelong friend Arnold Shore. They made trips to the countryside outside Melbourne on weekends to paint in the *plein air* tradition of the Barbizon school. With associates Horace Brandt, Pat Harford and Isabel Tweddle, they constituted a post-Impressionist school of painting in Melbourne.

His first solo exhibition was at the Athenaeum, Melbourne in May 1923, and he exhibited there with the Twenty Melbourne Painters from the late 1920s, and the Contemporary Group of Melbourne in the 1930s. In a lecture he publicly challenged the anti-modernist stance that National Gallery School director Bernard Hall had expressed in his previous lecture.

Frater was characterised in a 1933 *Art in Australia* article as a stereotypical Scot;

> ...dogged and tenacious, strong in pride of race, reliant and confident in self, a hard man to talk down and a hard man to shake in his beliefs, which change and mature slowly. A dogmatic man, if you like, but a purposeful one and, like Cézanne whom he acclaims, a rugged type with a scorn of frills and unmasculine prettiness—all of which may be discovered in his work.

### Darebin

In 1936 Frater visited a flat in South Yarra owned by well-to-do Lina Bryans (née Hallenstein in Germany) to advise her on stained-glass windows, and painted her portrait. With his help and encouragement she decided to become an artist, producing her first works early in 1937, from which Basil Burdett (1897–1942) selected her *Backyards, South Yarra* for the 'Herald Exhibition of Outstanding Pictures of 1937.' One of Frater's best known works is *The Red Hat*, a portrait of Bryans dating from that year. She, using her inheritance, purchased Ambrose Hallen's former hotel-cum-studio at 899 Heidelberg Road, Darebin in which Ada May Plante had been living, and with her painted and decorated it distinctively, naming it "The Pink Hotel". Over the next decade Frater and she lived and painted there together after his separation from Winifred. The artists' colony included Plante, Hallen, Ian Fairweather, Arnold Shore and other artists, and attracted a group of writers associated with the journal Meanjin. Part of their circle were Nina and Clem Christesen whose 'Stanhope' in Eltham they frequented. Bryans sold the Darebin property in 1948, moving to Harkaway, near Berwick, then overseas in 1953.

### Ascendancy

In 1938 he had joined and exhibited in Sydney with Robert Menzies' anti-modernist foundation, the Australian Academy of Art, but, given his ambivalence about conservative art, was to switch allegiance to the supporters modernism. In accordance with government war directives, the Yencken firm closed down his department in 1940 and Frater retired from stained-glass designing and, subsisting on his teaching, devoted himself to landscapes. He regarded a "certain strangeness", in his art in response to the Australian landscape as an essential attribute of great art. He exhibited at the Contemporary Art Society, and in solo shows at Georges Gallery, Melbourne, and the Macquarie Galleries, Sydney, in 1946, expanding his subject matter with visits sponsored by the airline TAA to Central Australia in 1950 and Port Douglas in 1952.

From 1959–1964 Frater was a painting tutor at Melbourne Technical College. He exhibited at Australian Galleries, Melbourne in 1958 and the Victorian Artists' Society in 1963, from which date he became president of the Society until 1972, exhibiting annually with them. Its main exhibition space was named Frater Gallery. In 1967, in the midst of the Vietnam War Frater joined in solidarity a controversial pacifist exhibition of the Victorian Branch of the Contemporary Art Society at Melbourne's Argus Gallery, traveling to Adelaide under the aegis of the South Australian Campaign for Peace in Vietnam.

Frater was given a retrospective at the National Gallery of Victoria in 1966 and a final exhibition in July 1973. His work is represented there, and in galleries and private collections throughout Australia as well as the Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum, Glasgow.

## Reception

Frater was not well known outside Victoria and his support and application of modernist principles in his art met often with uninterest or derision from Australia's mid-century conservative audiences. During the painter's period of adherence to tonalism, the reviewer of a 1919 Athenaeum showing of the Twenty Melbourne Painters group picked out Frater as "a gloomy enemy of light and gaiety who reports the weather with a stain on its character." *The Bulletin* of 29 May 1957 briefly reviewed the Victorian Artists’ Society’s autumn show incorporating the E. T. Cato £100 art prize and was dismissive of "William Frater’s *Landscape*, a simple and somewhat unsubstantial view of gumtrees which possibly owes something to Cezanne," which "cantered home in the oils division.". By contrast, Geoffrey Dutton in the new year, was more favourably disposed toward Frater's entry in Adelaide's John Martin's department store Christmas show, praising his "two fine landscapes of rolling pinks and reds."

However, by 1963 Frater's modernism, by comparison with the emerging painterly abstractionists, was assessed by critic Bill Hannan as beginning to be outmoded:

> William Frater is an earlier pioneer, of modern rather than contemporary art. Cezanne still stalks through his painting as he did through most of Frater’s and Bell’s contemporaries. It is interesting to see how well this can stand up to very changed sensibilities. To go, say, from Olsen to Frater is to return substantially to an illusion of the visible world, despite the fact that Frater’s ideas are leagues away from naturalism. Distances shrink very rapidly in time. This is a huge exhibition, and the best of it is very attractive, especially the large airy landscapes and the nudes. One of the most striking qualities of the painting is its spaciousness, largely effected by sure handling of light and sun-washed color. Massively and simply composed, many of the paintings have an apparent breadth much greater than their real size.

Frater's work was flown to Papua New Guinea for an exhibition in 1973 that was intended to reveal the influence of the country's indigenous art on modernist painters. In a 1979 interview with James Gleeson, Albert Tucker confesses that when he "heard about people like George Bell and Jock Frater and Cezanne...I had this sudden extreme and rapid expansion of consciousness and vision around the middle to late thirties. It probably corresponded with a growth period for me. I had a sudden enormous expansion of horizons and possibilities. It was revolutionary for me."

The record price for a Frater work at auction is US$7,662 for a portrait of Diana Lang, sold at Deutscher & Hackett, Sydney in 2010

## Exhibitions

### Solo

* 1971: *The New 9 x 5 Impressionist Exhibition*, Rosalind Humphries Galleries, Oct. 1st To Oct 24th 1971
* 1966: *William Frater*, National Gallery of Victoria, August 11-September 18, 1966
* 1955: William Frater with Vaughan Murray Griffin, Australian Galleries (joint show)
* 1946: Macquarie Galleries

### Group

* 1973: Port Morseby, Papua New Guinea
*
* 1958: John Martin's department store, Adelaide, Christmas show
* 1957: Victorian Artists’ Society's autumn show incorporating the E. T. Cato £100 art prize won by Frater
* 1954/5: Portrait exhibition, National Gallery of Victoria, December–February
* 1954: Spring exhibition of the Victorian Artists' Society
* 1919: Twenty Melbourne Painters group show, Athenaeum

### Posthumous

* 2011, Touring exhibition *Scottish painters in Australia*, Castlemaine Art Gallery and Historical Museum
* 2006: *The sound of the sky*, Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory
* 1998/9 *Classic Cezanne*, Art Gallery of New South Wales, 28 November 1998 - 28 February 1999
* 1991: *William Frater 1880–1974*, Niagara Gallery, Melbourne June 12–29
* 1989: Spring exhibitions, October 9–16 and 17–24 September, Jim Alexander Gallery
* 1980: Australian Galleries, Melbourne
* 1979: *Misty moderns: Australian tonalists 1915–1950*, Art Gallery of South Australia

## Awards

Frater won the Dunlop art competition in 1950 and the Eltham Art Award in 1964. In 1974 Frater was appointed O.B.E. for his services to art, and died at his home at Alphington on 28 November that year and was buried in Arthurs Creek cemetery. He was survived by his four sons and daughter.

## Collections

## Bibliography

* Australian Galleries catalogue 1980 (photocopy)
* Australian Galleries catalogue (joint show William Frater with Vaughan Murray Griffin), 1955 (photocopy)
* Crawford, Ashley (2006), *Directory of Australian art* (1st ed.), Craftsman House, ISBN 978-0-9751965-3-3
* Dober, Mark (22 December 2001), "A Melbourne modernist.('William Frater: A Life with Colour')", *Overland* (163), O.L. Society Ltd: 126(1), ISSN 0030-7416
* Frater, William; National Gallery of Victoria (1966), *William Frater : \[exhibition held\] August 11-September 18, 1966*, the Gallery
* Hetherington, John; Kahan, Louis, 1905–2002 (1963), *Australian painters: forty profiles*, Cheshire`{{citation}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
* Jim Alexander Gallery exhibition catalogue, 1989 (photocopy)
* Kershaw, Alister; Harrison, Brian (1993), *Hey days : memories and glimpses of Melbourne's Bohemia 1937–1947*, Royal Blind Society
* Lock-Weir, Tracey; Art Gallery of South Australia (1979), *Misty moderns : Australian tonalists 1915–1950*, Art Gallery of South Australia, ISBN 978-0-7308-3015-3
* Macquarie Galleries exhibition catalogue, 1946 (photocopy)
* Alan McCulloch; Nodrum, Charles (1984), *Encyclopedia of Australian art*, Hawthorn, Vic Hutchinson of Australia, ISBN 978-0-09-148250-3
* Murray, Daena (2006), *The Sound of the Sky*, Charles Darwin University Press, ISBN 978-0-9802923-0-5
* Hoff, Ursula, 1909–2005 (1973), *The National Gallery of Victoria*, Thames and Hudson, ISBN 978-0-500-18139-3`{{citation}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
* Perry, Peter W., 1952-; McKay, Kirsten (2011), *Scottish painters in Australia*, Castlemaine Art Gallery and Historical Museum, ISBN 978-0-9807831-3-1`{{citation}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
* Prunster, Ursula ‘Seeing Cezanne - Australian Affinities.’ In Cézanne, Paul; Maloon, Terence; Gundert, Angela (1998), *Classic Cezanne*, Art Gallery of New South Wales, ISBN 978-0-7313-8930-8
* Retrospective – National Gallery of Victoria. Essay by Brian Finnemore. 67 works listed, National Gallery of Victoria, 1966, stapled pb, 12pp.
* Smith, Bernard (1962), *Australian painting 1788–1960*, Oxford University Press
* State Library of Victoria; Hanks, Elizabeth, 1937-; Library Council of Victoria (1982), *Australian art and artists to 1950 : a bibliography based on the holdings of the State Library of Victoria*, Library Council of Victoria, ISBN 978-0-909962-40-1`{{citation}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
* Stuartholme-Behan Collection of Australian Art; MacAulay, Bettina, (curator.); Macaulay, Desmond, (curator.); University of Queensland Art Museum, (publisher) (2010), *The Behan legacy: the Stuartholme-Behan Collection of Australian Art*, The University of Queensland Art Museum, ISBN 978-1-86499-992-1`{{citation}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
* Shore, Arnold (1957), *40 years: seek and find*, S.N
* The New 9 x 5 Impressionist Exhibition, Rosalind Humphries Galleries, Oct. 1st To Oct 24th 1971. Essay by Rosalind Humphries, 45 major artists listed. 1971, 8pp, cover is reproduction of 1889 9 x 5 catalogue cover printed on balsa wood (?). Inside back cover has announcement for Clarice Beckett exhibition to follow.
* Thomas, Laurie F (1976), *The most noble art of them all: the selected writings of Laurie Thomas*, University of Queensland Press, ISBN 978-0-7022-1370-0
* Thompson, John; Counihan, Noel, 1913–1986; Australian Broadcasting Commission; Thompson, John, 1907–1968 (1962), *On lips of living men*, Lansdowne`{{citation}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
* Victoria College (Melbourne, Vic.) (1988), A selection from the Victoria college art collection, Victoria College
* *The Melbourne Modernists- Frater, Plante, Shore, Tweddle*, Victorian Artists Society, 1990
* *William Frater 1880–1974*, Niagara Gallery catalogue, 48 exhibits, Illustrated in colour, June, 1991, pb, price list inserted
* William Street Gallery, 1988, pb, Griffin Vaughan Murray
* Wittman, Richard; Frater, William, 1890–1974 (2000), *William Frater: a life with colour*, The Miegunyah Press, ISBN 978-0-522-84825-0`{{citation}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
* Zimmer, Jenny (1984), *Stained glass in Australia*, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-554369-8
* Jost, Mack; Horsham Regional Art Gallery (1986), *The Mack Jost collection*, City of Horsham Regional Art Gallery, ISBN 978-1-86252-400-2
* Mackie, Elizabeth (1981), *The artists of Kew*, E. Mackie, ISBN 978-0-9594081-0-2

## InfoBox

| William FraterOBE | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1890-01-31)31 January 1890
Linlithgow, Scotland |
| Died | 28 November 1974(1974-11-28) (aged 84)
Melbourne, Victoria, Australia |
| Nationality | Australian |
| Education | Glasgow School of Art |
| Known for | Stained Glass, Painting |
| Notable work | *The Red Hat*, 1937, |
| Movement | Modernism |
| Awards | Order of the British Empire for his services to art |


title: William Loughton Smith

abstract: William Loughton Smith was an American lawyer, politician, and diplomat from Charleston, South Carolina. He represented South Carolina as a Federalist in the United States House of Representatives from 1789 until 1797, during which time he served as chairman of the Committee on Ways and Means.

text:
# William Loughton Smith

**William Loughton Smith** (1758  December 19, 1812) was an American lawyer, politician, and diplomat from Charleston, South Carolina. He represented South Carolina as a Federalist in the United States House of Representatives from 1789 until 1797, during which time he served as chairman of the Committee on Ways and Means.

Smith was born in Charles Town in the Province of South Carolina in 1758 to Benjamin Smith and Anne Loughton. His father earned his fortune as an importer of British luxury goods (primarily furniture and high-end silverware) into Charleston. His father's considerable wealth allowed him to sit out the Revolutionary War while obtaining his education in Europe.

In 1774, Smith studied law at the Middle Temple in London, Great Britain and continued his studies in Geneva from 1774 to 1778. Smith remained in Europe for the remainder of the American Revolutionary War.

In 1783, Smith returned to South Carolina. He was admitted to the bar in 1784 and began practicing law in Charleston and he quickly became locally famous as the most able lawyer in Charleston.

## Political career

In 1784, Smith served as a member of the South Carolina privy council. In 1786, Smith was elected warden of the city of Charleston in 1786, equivalent to a city council member today. From 1787 to 1788, Smith served in the South Carolina House of Representatives.

Smith was known for being outspokenly pro-George Washington and was elected as a Pro-Administration candidate to the First Congress in 1788 to South Carolina's 1st congressional district. His election was contested by his opponent David Ramsey, who claimed that, because Smith had only returned to the newly founded United States in 1783, he had not been a U.S. citizen for seven years, a constitutional requirement for election to the House. This was the first invocation of Congress's power, established under Article I, Section 5 of the Constitution, to serve as the "Judge of the Elections, Returns and Qualifications of its own Members"; the House found that Smith was qualified, with James Madison noting that "it is an established maxim, that birth is the criterion of allegiance." During the Washington administration, Smith accompanied Washington on tours of Rhode Island and the Southern states.

Smith was subsequently reelected to the Second Congress and Third Congress. Smith later joined the Federalist Party and was reelected to the Fourth and Fifth Congress under that ticket. In the Third Congress, Smith served as chair of the Committee on Elections. In the Fourth and Fifth Congresses, Smith served as chair of the Committee on Ways and Means.

As chair of the Committee on Ways and Means, Smith acted as a Federalist floor leader and was known as a close collaborator and House spokesman for Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton.

On July 10, 1797, Smith resigned from Congress to serve as United States Ambassador to Portugal. He held the position until September 9, 1801, when he was recalled and took a leave of absence. Smith returned to Charleston and ran for Congress again in 1804, 1806, and 1808, but lost all of those elections to the Democratic-Republican Party candidate Robert Marion.

In 1808, Smith was commissioned as a lieutenant in the South Carolina Militia. That same year, Smith was elected to the South Carolina House of Representatives.

## Later life and death

Following his career in politics, Smith served as president of the Santee Canal Company, vice president of the Charleston Library Society, and vice president of the St. Cecilia Society.

Smith died of an illness in Charleston, S.C., December 19, 1812. He was interred in St. Philip's Churchyard.

## Political views

In a special session of United States Congress called by John Adams in 1797, Smith introduced ten resolutions calling for increased naval defense and shore fortifications in response to the growing crisis in Franco-American relations.

Smith was opposed to the emancipation of slaves, believing it would benefit neither whites nor blacks. As he explained on the floor of the House of Representatives on March 17, 1790:

"If the blacks did not intermarry with the whites, they would remain black until the end of time; for it was not contended that liberating them would whitewash them; if they did intermarry with the whites, then the white race would be extinct, and the American people would all be of mulatto breed. In whatever light, therefore, the subject was viewed, the folly of emancipation was manifest."

In 1808, his politics shifted away from Alexander Hamilton and toward Thomas Jefferson, with Smith embracing the Embargo Act of 1807 as a way to increase the U.S.'s self-sufficiency.

## InfoBox

| William Loughton Smith | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| United States Minister to Portugal | |
| **In office**
September 8, 1797  September 9, 1801 | |
| President | John Adams
Thomas Jefferson |
| Preceded by | David Humphreys |
| Succeeded by | Thomas Sumter Jr. |
| Chair of the House Ways and Means Committee | |
| **In office**
1794–1797 | |
| Preceded by | Thomas Fitzsimons |
| Succeeded by | Robert G. Harper |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from South Carolina's 1st district | |
| **In office**
April 13, 1789  July 10, 1797 | |
| Preceded by | Constituency established |
| Succeeded by | Thomas Pinckney |
| Member of the South Carolina House of Representatives from Charles Town (St. James, Goose Creek) | |
| **In office**
January 3, 1785  May 22, 1789 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | William Loughton Smith
(1758-10-02)October 2, 1758
Charles Town, Province of South Carolina, British America |
| Died | December 19, 1812(1812-12-19) (aged 54)
Charleston, South Carolina, U.S. |
| Political party | Federalist |
| Spouses | *   Charlotte Izard  (m. 1758; died 1792) *   Charlotte Wragg (m. 1805) |
| Children | 4 (2 per marriage) |
| Parent(s) | Benjamin Smith
Anne Loughton |
| Relatives | Ralph Izard (father-in-law, first marriage) |
| Education | Middle Temple |
| Occupation | politician |
|  | |


title: William Locke (general)

abstract: Major General William James Macavoy Locke, MC was a senior officer in the Australian Army during the Second World War and the immediate post-war period. A graduate of the Royal Military College, Duntroon, Locke served in the First World War and spent much of the interwar period as a staff officer in Melbourne, Sydney and Tasmania. During the Second World War he commanded cavalry and armoured units at the brigade and division level, and was responsible for supervising the transition of many of Australia's mounted units to motorised and armoured formations. Locke finished his military career as Chairman of the Permanent Post-War Planning Committee (1944–1946).

text:
# William Locke (general)

Major General **William James Macavoy Locke**, MC (14 August 1894 – 3 April 1962) was a senior officer in the Australian Army during the Second World War and the immediate post-war period.

A graduate of the Royal Military College, Duntroon, Locke served in the First World War and spent much of the interwar period as a staff officer in Melbourne, Sydney and Tasmania. During the Second World War he commanded cavalry and armoured units at the brigade and division level, and was responsible for supervising the transition of many of Australia's mounted units to motorised and armoured formations. Locke finished his military career as Chairman of the Permanent Post-War Planning Committee (1944–1946).

## InfoBox

| William Locke | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1894-08-14)14 August 1894
St Kilda, Victoria |
| Died | 3 April 1962(1962-04-03) (aged 67) |
| Allegiance | Australia |
| Service/branch | Australian Army |
| Years of service | 1912–1947 |
| Rank | Major General |
| Commands | 3rd Armoured Division (1943)
2nd Motor Division (1942–43)
2nd Cavalry Division (1942)
2nd Armoured Brigade (1941–42) |
| Battles/wars | First World War
Second World War |
| Awards | Military Cross
Mentioned in Despatches (2) |


title: William Lock

abstract: William Lock was Mayor of Nelson, New Zealand, from 1913 to 1915 and again from 1921 to 1927. Lock was an auctioneer, and a grain and produce merchant for 40 years. During his term as mayor, HMS New Zealand visited Nelson in 1913. Lock died on 20 July 1940 at his home in Collingwood Street, Nelson.

text:
# William Lock

**William Lock** (1 May 1858  20 July 1940) was Mayor of Nelson, New Zealand, from 1913 to 1915 and again from 1921 to 1927. Lock was an auctioneer, and a grain and produce merchant for 40 years. During his term as mayor, HMS *New Zealand* visited Nelson in 1913. Lock died on 20 July 1940 at his home in Collingwood Street, Nelson.

## Politics

The 1893 general election was contested by four candidates in the Nelson electorate: John Graham (1289 votes – elected), Richmond Hursthouse (1011 votes), John Kerr (910 votes) and Lock (74 votes).

### Local government

In Lock's 1913 campaign for the mayoralty he sought lower rates and better use of Council funds. Lock was elected with 1,226 votes to William Wallace Snodgrass' 1,134. In 1914 Snodgrass mounted a strong campaign against Lock, citing his failure to meet his election promises. Lock, with support from some councillors, mounted an equally strong campaign against Snodgrass, making it one of the fiercest election battles the city had seen. The final count was so close (5 votes) that it took a further week before the outcome was confirmed. Lock won by 1050 votes to Snodgrass' 1045.

Lock stood again in 1915. Charles Harley campaigned against him and became mayor, winning by 1,223 votes to 1,065. Harley retired in 1917, and Snodgrass and Lock competed again for the mayoralty. Snodgrass won 1,189 votes to 1,149. In the 1919 election Snodgrass won by 1,283 votes to 1,189 against Lock.

Lock's persistence paid off with him being elected from 1921 to 1927. In 1927 he was defeated by W J Moffatt's 1,538 votes to his 1,449 votes. He stood again in 1931 and was defeated again by Moffatt.

## Other institutions

Lock was chairman of the Education Board, a member of the Hospital and Charitable Aid Board, and a number of other civic organisations including the New Zealand Municipal Association, Nelson Harbour Board, and Cawthron Trust Board. His service with the Education Board spanned 30 years.

His wife Esther was also prominent in service to the community.

## InfoBox

| William Lock | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| 13th Mayor of Nelson | |
| **In office**
1913–1915 | |
| Preceded by | Thomas Field |
| Succeeded by | Charles Harley |
| **In office**
1921–1927 | |
| Preceded by | William Snodgrass |
| Succeeded by | Walter Moffatt |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1858-05-01)1 May 1858
Nelson, New Zealand |
| Died | 20 July 1940(1940-07-20) (aged 82)
Nelson, New Zealand |
| Spouse | Esther Levien (m. 1892) |
| Occupation | Grain and produce merchant |
|  | |


title: William L. Harris

abstract: William L. Harris was an American businessman and politician. Harris was born in Marion, Illinois, and went to the Marion public schools. He took classes in administrative management at the University of Chicago in 1956. He worked in sales and management at the Illinois Ordnance Plant, Swift and Company, and DuQuion Packing Company. Harris was a real estate broker and was the owner of Harris Real Estate and Consultants, Ltd in Marion, Illinois. Harris was involved with the Democratic Party in Williamson County, Illinois. He served on the Marion City Council from 1963 to 1967. From 1973 to 1977, Harris served on the Illinois Board of Elections. In 1977, Harris was appointed to the Illinois House of Representatives and served until 1981. Harris died at his home in Marion, Illinois.

text:
# William L. Harris

**William L. Harris** (August 30, 1923  July 1, 2013) was an American businessman and politician.

Harris was born in Marion, Illinois, and went to the Marion public schools. He took classes in administrative management at the University of Chicago in 1956. He worked in sales and management at the Illinois Ordnance Plant, Swift and Company, and DuQuion Packing Company. Harris was a real estate broker and was the owner of Harris Real Estate and Consultants, Ltd in Marion, Illinois. Harris was involved with the Democratic Party in Williamson County, Illinois. He served on the Marion City Council from 1963 to 1967. From 1973 to 1977, Harris served on the Illinois Board of Elections. In 1977, Harris was appointed to the Illinois House of Representatives and served until 1981. Harris died at his home in Marion, Illinois.


title: William Morton (priest)

abstract: William Wright Morton DL has been Dean of St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin since 2016. Born in 1956 he was educated at Trinity College, Dublin, and ordained in 1989. After a curacy at Drumachose he was the incumbent at Conwal before being appointed Dean of Derry in 1997. He remained there for almost 20 years until his appointment to Saint Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin. On Monday 9 May 2016, the chapter of St Patrick's cathedral, Dublin elected him as the new dean of St Patrick's. In June 2018, Ulster University announced it would award him with an honorary degree in recognition of his civic contributions.

text:
# William Morton (priest)

**William Wright Morton** DL has been Dean of St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin since 2016.

Born in 1956 he was educated at Trinity College, Dublin, and ordained in 1989. After a curacy at Drumachose he was the incumbent at Conwal before being appointed Dean of Derry in 1997. He remained there for almost 20 years until his appointment to Saint Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin. On Monday 9 May 2016, the chapter of St Patrick's cathedral, Dublin elected him as the new dean of St Patrick's. In June 2018, Ulster University announced it would award him with an honorary degree in recognition of his civic contributions.


title: William Lyon Somerville

abstract: William Lyon Somerville was a Canadian architect practicing in Toronto, Ontario and Southern Ontario, Canada. He was president of the Ontario Association of Architects, and president of the Royal Architectural Institute of Canada. He was an accomplished architect who designed hospitals, commercial and institutional buildings, residential buildings. Somerville designed the original McMaster University buildings in Hamilton, Ontario, and the Rainbow Tower complex in Niagara Falls. He also designed several monuments, including the Clifton Gate Pioneer Memorial Arch in Niagara Falls and the Henley Bridge and Queen Elizabeth Way Monument for the new Queen Elizabeth Way superhighway built in the late 1930s and early 1940s. Somerville was born on August 5, 1886, in Hamilton, Ontario. He was educated in Hamilton and New York, New York. He first practiced architecture in the United States before World War I. He returned to Ontario to practice in 1919. When McMaster University moved to Hamilton, Ontario, Somerville was contracted by the firm of J. Francis Brown & Son to design the University's plan and several of its buildings. Somerville designed the Convocation Hall, University Hall, Hamilton Hall, Wallingford Hall, and the Refectory in the Collegiate Gothic style. Somerville would later design the Mills Memorial Library, however by then the Collegiate Gothic style was considered passé and it was designed in a contemporary style. The building now houses the McMaster Museum of Art. Somerville was a favoured architect of T. B. McQuesten, Ontario's Minister of Highways and Public Works in the mid-1930s. McQuesten was the figure in the Ontario Government responsible for many public works that Somerville was involved in. These included restoration of old forts for their touristic value. Somerville assisted in the restoration of several historic forts in Ontario: Fort Henry in Kingston, Fort George at Niagara-On-The-Lake and Fort Erie. For McQuesten, Somerville worked on the design of the Queen Elizabeth Way, which was built to facilitate the travel of American tourists into Ontario, including the Henley Bridge and the Lion Monument. Several examples of Somerville's work took place in Niagara Falls. The Honeymoon Bridge had been considered for replacement in the 1930s. Its destruction by ice necessitated the construction of a new bridge into Niagara Falls for Americans. Somerville was part of the design team for the new Rainbow Bridge and designed the Rainbow Tower, the bridge's Canadian Plaza and a bus terminal, all designed by Somerville. Somerville also designed the Clifton Gate Pioneer Memorial Arch, a Depression-era make-work project in Niagara Falls, a monumental arch to impress American visitors to the Canadian side of Niagara Falls. The arch was demolished in 1967, but portions of it were saved and are on display in Toronto. Another example of Somerville's work in Niagara Falls is the Oakes Garden Theatre, for which he collaborated with Canadian sculptors Florence Wyle, Frances Loring and Elizabeth Wyn Wood. Somerville preferred to collaborate with Canadian artists and was a member of the "Diet Kitchen Group", an informal group that were interested in fostering the connections between the decorative arts and architecture. In 1927, Somerville made a speech urging the close collaboration of fine artists and architects. "Architecture is the mother of the arts and it is her main object to make known art." In the same speech, Somerville supported more recognition of Canadian artists. The Somerville-designed Cawthra-Elliott residence in Mississauga, Ontario, is notable and designated a historic place. Somerville designed it in a Georgian Revivalist style, according to his philosophy that "a perfect Canadian home must descend directly from the cottages of England." Somerville was also involved in national housing issues. During the 1930s, Somerville participated in efforts to simplify housing design so as to build more low-cost housing. During World War II, Somerville was involved in the effort to provide housing around munitions and other war production efforts. Somerville's work in hospitals includes the Ontario Hospital in St Thomas, Ontario, St Joseph's Hospital in Brantford, Ontario and Pembroke General Hospital in Pembroke, Ontario as well as consulting on University Hospital in Edmonton, Alberta, and additions to St Michael's Hospital in Toronto, Ontario, the Red Cross Crippled Children's Hospital in Calgary, Alberta and St Joseph's Hospital in Hamilton. Somerville's titles included Royal Canadian Academy of Arts 'Academician', a Fellow of the Royal Institute of British Architecture, a Fellow and president of the Royal Architectural Institute of Canada (1936–1938) and President of the Ontario Association of Architects (1927–1928). Somerville was also a prolific writer for Canadian Homes and Gardens magazine, in which he discussed Canadian home design. The University of Calgary honours Somerville with the "William Lyon Somerville Visiting Lectureship" in its Architecture program. In 1959, McMaster gave him an honorary doctorate of laws.

text:
# William Lyon Somerville

**William Lyon Somerville** (August 5, 1886 – April 14, 1965) was a Canadian architect practicing in Toronto, Ontario and Southern Ontario, Canada. He was president of the Ontario Association of Architects, and president of the Royal Architectural Institute of Canada. He was an accomplished architect who designed hospitals, commercial and institutional buildings, residential buildings. Somerville designed the original McMaster University buildings in Hamilton, Ontario, and the Rainbow Tower complex in Niagara Falls. He also designed several monuments, including the Clifton Gate Pioneer Memorial Arch in Niagara Falls and the Henley Bridge and Queen Elizabeth Way Monument for the new Queen Elizabeth Way superhighway built in the late 1930s and early 1940s.

Somerville was born on August 5, 1886, in Hamilton, Ontario. He was educated in Hamilton and New York, New York. He first practiced architecture in the United States before World War I. He returned to Ontario to practice in 1919.

When McMaster University moved to Hamilton, Ontario, Somerville was contracted by the firm of J. Francis Brown & Son to design the University's plan and several of its buildings. Somerville designed the Convocation Hall, University Hall, Hamilton Hall, Wallingford Hall, and the Refectory in the Collegiate Gothic style. Somerville would later design the Mills Memorial Library, however by then the Collegiate Gothic style was considered passé and it was designed in a contemporary style. The building now houses the McMaster Museum of Art.

Somerville was a favoured architect of T. B. McQuesten, Ontario's Minister of Highways and Public Works in the mid-1930s. McQuesten was the figure in the Ontario Government responsible for many public works that Somerville was involved in. These included restoration of old forts for their touristic value. Somerville assisted in the restoration of several historic forts in Ontario: Fort Henry in Kingston, Fort George at Niagara-On-The-Lake and Fort Erie. For McQuesten, Somerville worked on the design of the Queen Elizabeth Way, which was built to facilitate the travel of American tourists into Ontario, including the Henley Bridge and the Lion Monument.

Several examples of Somerville's work took place in Niagara Falls. The Honeymoon Bridge had been considered for replacement in the 1930s. Its destruction by ice necessitated the construction of a new bridge into Niagara Falls for Americans. Somerville was part of the design team for the new Rainbow Bridge and designed the Rainbow Tower, the bridge's Canadian Plaza and a bus terminal, all designed by Somerville. Somerville also designed the Clifton Gate Pioneer Memorial Arch, a Depression-era make-work project in Niagara Falls, a monumental arch to impress American visitors to the Canadian side of Niagara Falls. The arch was demolished in 1967, but portions of it were saved and are on display in Toronto. Another example of Somerville's work in Niagara Falls is the Oakes Garden Theatre, for which he collaborated with Canadian sculptors Florence Wyle, Frances Loring and Elizabeth Wyn Wood. Somerville preferred to collaborate with Canadian artists and was a member of the "Diet Kitchen Group", an informal group that were interested in fostering the connections between the decorative arts and architecture. In 1927, Somerville made a speech urging the close collaboration of fine artists and architects. "Architecture is the mother of the arts and it is her main object to make known art." In the same speech, Somerville supported more recognition of Canadian artists.

The Somerville-designed Cawthra-Elliott residence in Mississauga, Ontario, is notable and designated a historic place. Somerville designed it in a Georgian Revivalist style, according to his philosophy that "a perfect Canadian home must descend directly from the cottages of England." Somerville was also involved in national housing issues. During the 1930s, Somerville participated in efforts to simplify housing design so as to build more low-cost housing. During World War II, Somerville was involved in the effort to provide housing around munitions and other war production efforts.

Somerville's work in hospitals includes the Ontario Hospital in St Thomas, Ontario, St Joseph's Hospital in Brantford, Ontario and Pembroke General Hospital in Pembroke, Ontario as well as consulting on University Hospital in Edmonton, Alberta, and additions to St Michael's Hospital in Toronto, Ontario, the Red Cross Crippled Children's Hospital in Calgary, Alberta and St Joseph's Hospital in Hamilton.

Somerville's titles included Royal Canadian Academy of Arts 'Academician', a Fellow of the Royal Institute of British Architecture, a Fellow and president of the Royal Architectural Institute of Canada (1936–1938) and President of the Ontario Association of Architects (1927–1928). Somerville was also a prolific writer for *Canadian Homes and Gardens* magazine, in which he discussed Canadian home design. The University of Calgary honours Somerville with the "William Lyon Somerville Visiting Lectureship" in its Architecture program. In 1959, McMaster gave him an honorary doctorate of laws.

* Osbaldeston, Mark (2016). *Unbuilt Hamilton*. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: Dundurn Press. ISBN 978-1459732995.

Notes

## InfoBox

| William Lyon Somerville | |
| --- | --- |
| Portrait of W. L. Somerville, 1936 for RAIC Journal | |
| Born | (1886-08-05)August 5, 1886
Hamilton, Ontario, Canada |
| Died | April 14, 1965(1965-04-14) (aged 78)
Toronto, Ontario, Canada |
| Nationality | Canadian |
| Occupation | Architect |
| Spouse | Evelyn Mary Gillard |
|  | |
| Buildings |  |
|  | |


title: William Mostyn

abstract: William Mostyn was an Irish-born doctor and political figure in Ontario. He represented Lanark North in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1875 to 1879 as a Conservative member. He drowned at the age of 44. Of Welsh descent, he was born in Elphin, County Roscommon and came to Upper Canada with his parents in 1837. Mostyn was educated in Kingston and received his M.D. from Queen's University in 1858. He served as a surgeon for the militia. Mostyn was president of the North Lanark Agricultural Society. He served three years as reeve of Almonte and 15 years as assistant coroner for Lanark Ontario. Mostyn was also a district Grand Master in the Freemasons.

text:
# William Mostyn

**William Mostyn** (June 5, 1836 March 30, 1881) was an Irish-born doctor and political figure in Ontario. He represented Lanark North in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1875 to 1879 as a Conservative member. He drowned at the age of 44.

Of Welsh descent, he was born in Elphin, County Roscommon and came to Upper Canada with his parents in 1837. Mostyn was educated in Kingston and received his M.D. from Queen's University in 1858. He served as a surgeon for the militia. Mostyn was president of the North Lanark Agricultural Society. He served three years as reeve of Almonte and 15 years as assistant coroner for Lanark Ontario. Mostyn was also a district Grand Master in the Freemasons.

## Electoral history

| 1875 Ontario general election: Lanark North | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
|  | Conservative | William Mostyn | 913 | 50.72 | +2.52 |
|  | Liberal | William Clyde Caldwell | 887 | 49.28 | 2.52 |
| Turnout | | | 1,800 | 80.07 |
| Eligible voters | | | 2,248 |
|  | Conservative **gain** from Liberal | | Swing | | +2.52 |
| Source: Elections Ontario | | | | | | |

| 1879 Ontario general election: Lanark North | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
|  | Liberal | William Clyde Caldwell | 1,309 | 56.04 | +6.76 |
|  | Conservative | William Mostyn | 1,027 | 43.96 | 6.76 |
| Total valid votes | | | 2,336 | 73.44 | 6.64 |
| Eligible voters | | | 3,181 |
|  | Liberal **gain** from Conservative | | Swing | | +6.76 |
| Source: Elections Ontario | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| William Mostyn | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Ontario MPP | |
| **In office**
1875–1879 | |
| Preceded by | William Clyde Caldwell |
| Succeeded by | William Clyde Caldwell |
| Constituency | Lanark North |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1836-06-05)June 5, 1836
Elphin, County Roscommon |
| Died | March 30, 1881(1881-03-30) (aged 44) |
| Political party | Conservative |
| Occupation | Physician |
|  | |


title: William Martel

abstract: William Martel was a steward of the royal households of King Henry I and King Stephen of England. He was castellan of Sherborne Castle until 1143. Martel was of Norman descent. His grandfather and his uncle were sheriffs of Dorset in Norman England. Martel was a steward of Henry I's royal household from at least 1130. He attested to charters in both England and Normandy, which indicates that Martel regularly accompanied the king on both sides of the English Channel. Martel was in Normandy with Henry's royal court throughout 1134 and 1135. After Henry's death, he was present at King Stephen's coronation in London on 22 December 1135. Martel was one of Stephen's most dependable supporters throughout the civil war of 1136–1153, known as The Anarchy. He witnessed 181 charters for Stephen, demonstrating his frequent attendance in the king's entourage, although he received neither an earldom nor any significant estates from Stephen. He was, however, castellan of Sherborne Castle from at least 1141, and may have been castellan from as early as 1139 when the castle was surrendered to Stephen. Between 1141 and 1143, Martel was Stephen's regional military governor in north Dorset and Wiltshire, exercising authority on the king's behalf from Sherborne. Martel continued to be active on Stephen's behalf after the king was captured at the Battle of Lincoln on 2 February 1141. At the council of Winchester, 7–9 April 1141, Martel was one of a delegation of Stephen's supporters that petitioned for the king's release from prison. The delegation was dismissed and Martel was excommunicated by the Bishop of Winchester. At the Battle of Wilton on 1 July 1143, when Stephen's forces were dispersed by those of Robert, Earl of Gloucester, William Martel led a determined rearguard action that allowed the king to escape. Martel was eventually surrounded and captured, and to secure his release Stephen surrendered Sherborne Castle to Robert of Gloucester. After the loss of Sherborne Castle, Martel continued to be a dominant character at King Stephen's court. In 1147, the abbot of Abingdon sought ecclesiastical sanctions against Martel for attacks that he carried out against the monastery's estates. In 1150, a joint meeting of the county courts of Norfolk and Suffolk, at Norwich, was presided over by William Martel as king's justice. In August 1153, William Martel and other supporters of King Stephen laid waste to the area around Wallingford Castle in an attempt to isolate the army of Henry Plantagenet, who was challenging the king for the throne. Martel's forces were ambushed and routed by Henry's army as it attempted to break out from the blockade. In November 1153, William Martel was one of the 37 witnesses to the Treaty of Westminster which concluded the war between King Stephen and Henry Plantagenet and laid the conditions for Henry's succession. At Henry's first exchequer, William rendered account for Surrey for 1154–1155 but possibly not very well, for he then lost his position as sheriff.

text:
# William Martel

**William Martel** (fl. 1130–1153) was a steward of the royal households of King Henry I and King Stephen of England. He was castellan of Sherborne Castle until 1143.

Martel was of Norman descent. His grandfather and his uncle were sheriffs of Dorset in Norman England. Martel was a steward of Henry I's royal household from at least 1130. He attested to charters in both England and Normandy, which indicates that Martel regularly accompanied the king on both sides of the English Channel.

Martel was in Normandy with Henry's royal court throughout 1134 and 1135. After Henry's death, he was present at King Stephen's coronation in London on 22 December 1135.

Martel was one of Stephen's most dependable supporters throughout the civil war of 1136–1153, known as The Anarchy. He witnessed 181 charters for Stephen, demonstrating his frequent attendance in the king's entourage, although he received neither an earldom nor any significant estates from Stephen. He was, however, castellan of Sherborne Castle from at least 1141, and may have been castellan from as early as 1139 when the castle was surrendered to Stephen. Between 1141 and 1143, Martel was Stephen's regional military governor in north Dorset and Wiltshire, exercising authority on the king's behalf from Sherborne.

Martel continued to be active on Stephen's behalf after the king was captured at the Battle of Lincoln on 2 February 1141. At the council of Winchester, 7–9 April 1141, Martel was one of a delegation of Stephen's supporters that petitioned for the king's release from prison. The delegation was dismissed and Martel was excommunicated by the Bishop of Winchester.

At the Battle of Wilton on 1 July 1143, when Stephen's forces were dispersed by those of Robert, Earl of Gloucester, William Martel led a determined rearguard action that allowed the king to escape. Martel was eventually surrounded and captured, and to secure his release Stephen surrendered Sherborne Castle to Robert of Gloucester. After the loss of Sherborne Castle, Martel continued to be a dominant character at King Stephen's court.

In 1147, the abbot of Abingdon sought ecclesiastical sanctions against Martel for attacks that he carried out against the monastery's estates.

In 1150, a joint meeting of the county courts of Norfolk and Suffolk, at Norwich, was presided over by William Martel as king's justice.

In August 1153, William Martel and other supporters of King Stephen laid waste to the area around Wallingford Castle in an attempt to isolate the army of Henry Plantagenet, who was challenging the king for the throne. Martel's forces were ambushed and routed by Henry's army as it attempted to break out from the blockade.

In November 1153, William Martel was one of the 37 witnesses to the Treaty of Westminster which concluded the war between King Stephen and Henry Plantagenet and laid the conditions for Henry's succession.

At Henry's first exchequer, William rendered account for Surrey for 1154–1155 but possibly not very well, for he then lost his position as sheriff.

1. Henry I's daughter Matilda was the designated heir to the throne (Crouch, p. 25; Poole, p. 131), but when Henry died in December 1135 his nephew Stephen acted quickly to claim the throne (Davis, p. 16). David Crouch suggested William Martel as a possible informant for Stephen about Henry's serious illness in late November 1135, allowing Stephen time to prepare his speedy actions upon the king's death (Crouch, p. 31–32 and 32n).
2. The Bishop of Winchester was Henry of Blois, King Stephen's younger brother (Crouch, p.36; Davis, p.16). At this council of Winchester, the English Church recognised Matilda's claim to the throne (Crouch, p.173).
3. Henry Plantagenet was Matilda's son (Davis, p.104; Crouch, p.134; Poole, p.129).

## Bibliography

* Amt, E. (1993). *The Accession of Henry II in England. Royal Government Restored.* Woodbridge: The Boydell Press. ISBN 0-85115-348-8
* Bartlett, R. (2000). *England Under the Norman and Angevin Kings 1075–1225.* Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-822741-8
* Crouch, D. (2000). *The Reign of King Stephen 1135–1154.* Harlow, Essex: Longman. ISBN 0-582-22657-0
* Davis, R.H.C. (1990).*King Stephen*, Third Edition. London and New York: Longman. ISBN 0-582-04000-0
* Hollister, C.W. (2003). *Henry I,* Paperback Edition. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-09829-4
* King, E. (2010). *King Stephen.* New Haven and London: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-18195-1(pbk)
* Matthew, D. (2002). *King Stephen.* London and New York: Hambledon and London. ISBN 1-85285-272-0
* Poole, A.L. (1955). *Domesday Book to Magna Carta 1087–1216*, Second Edition. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-821707-2


title: William McIntosh (politician)

abstract: William McIntosh was a soldier and politician from Massachusetts. McIntosh born in Dedham, Massachusetts. He later moved to Needham in the mid-1760s. During the American Revolution, McIntosh served as a colonel in the 1st Suffolk Regiment. He saw action at Dorchester Heights, Castle Island, Fishkill, and at other battles in New York. McIntosh served in a number of elected positions, including 12 years as a selectman in Needham between 1767 and 1792. In 1775, he was Needham's delegate to the Third Provincial Congress and between 1775 and 1783 served five one year terms as its representative to the Great and General Court. When George Washington arrived in Needham following his election as president, McIntosh and a group of other townsmen greeted him at the town line. Washington is said to have greeted him by name. Martha Washington gave McIntosh a kerchief with the commander-in-chief's image upon it.

text:
# William McIntosh (politician)

**William McIntosh** was a soldier and politician from Massachusetts.

McIntosh born in Dedham, Massachusetts. He later moved to Needham in the mid-1760s. During the American Revolution, McIntosh served as a colonel in the 1st Suffolk Regiment. He saw action at Dorchester Heights, Castle Island, Fishkill, and at other battles in New York.

McIntosh served in a number of elected positions, including 12 years as a selectman in Needham between 1767 and 1792. In 1775, he was Needham's delegate to the Third Provincial Congress and between 1775 and 1783 served five one year terms as its representative to the Great and General Court.

When George Washington arrived in Needham following his election as president, McIntosh and a group of other townsmen greeted him at the town line. Washington is said to have greeted him by name. Martha Washington gave McIntosh a kerchief with the commander-in-chief's image upon it.


title: William S. Baylor

abstract:
William Smith Hanger Baylor was an American lawyer and soldier who served as a colonel in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. Before the war, Baylor commanded a militia company, the West Augusta Guard, which later became Company L of the 5th Virginia Infantry Regiment. In April 1862, he was appointed colonel of the regiment.
Baylor assumed command of the Stonewall Brigade after the death of Brigadier General Charles S. Winder on August 9, 1862, at Cedar Mountain. Before his promotion to brigadier general could be confirmed, Baylor was killed in action on the afternoon of August 30, 1862, at Second Manassas after taking the colors of the 33rd Virginia Infantry and gallantly leading his brigade to the unfinished railroad in a charge against the Union V Corps. General William B. Taliaferro said, "No more exalted recognition of his worth and services can be uttered and no higher tribute can be paid him than to declare that he was worthy of the command of the Stonewall Brigade".

text:
# William S. Baylor

**William Smith Hanger Baylor** (April 7, 1831  August 30, 1862) was an American lawyer and soldier who served as a colonel in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War.

Before the war, Baylor commanded a militia company, the West Augusta Guard, which later became Company L of the 5th Virginia Infantry Regiment. In April 1862, he was appointed colonel of the regiment. Baylor assumed command of the Stonewall Brigade after the death of Brigadier General Charles S. Winder on August 9, 1862, at Cedar Mountain. Before his promotion to brigadier general could be confirmed, Baylor was killed in action on the afternoon of August 30, 1862, at Second Manassas after taking the colors of the 33rd Virginia Infantry and gallantly leading his brigade to the unfinished railroad in a charge against the Union V Corps. General William B. Taliaferro said, "No more exalted recognition of his worth and services can be uttered and no higher tribute can be paid him than to declare that he was worthy of the command of the Stonewall Brigade".

## Sources

1. The  National Park Service has established these dates for the battle. The references by Greene, Hennessy, Salmon, and Kennedy (whose works are closely aligned with the NPS) adopt these dates as well. However, all of the other references to this article specify that the action on August 28 was a battle separate from the Second Battle of Bull Run. Some of these authors name the action on August 28 the Battle of Groveton, Brawner's Farm, or Gainesville.

2. Herdegen, pp. 91–92; Hennessy, pp. 173–80; Greene, p. 21; Salmon, p. 147.

3. Salmon, p. 150; Hennessy, pp. 339–57; Greene, pp. 41–43.

4.  Staunton VA Biographies

* Dawes, Rufus R. *A Full Blown Yankee of the Iron Brigade: Service with the Sixth Wisconsin Volunteers*. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1999. ISBN 0-8032-6618-9. First published 1890 by E. R. Alderman and Sons.
* Editors of Time-Life Books. *Lee Takes Command: From Seven Days to Second Bull Run*. Alexandria, VA: Time-Life Books, 1984. ISBN 0-8094-4804-1.
* Eicher, David J. *The Longest Night: A Military History of the Civil War*. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001. ISBN 0-684-84944-5.
* Greene, A. Wilson. *The Second Battle of Manassas*. National Park Service Civil War Series. Fort Washington, PA: U.S. National Park Service and Eastern National, 2006. ISBN 0-915992-85-X.
* Harsh, Joseph L. *Confederate Tide Rising: Robert E. Lee and the Making of Southern Strategy, 18611862*. Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 1998. ISBN 0-87338-580-2.
* Hennessy, John J. *Return to Bull Run: The Campaign and Battle of Second Manassas*. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1993. ISBN 0-8061-3187-X.
* Herdegen, Lance J. *The Men Stood Like Iron: How the Iron Brigade Won Its Name*. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1997. ISBN 0-253-33221-4.
* Kennedy, Frances H., ed. *The Civil War Battlefield Guide*. 2nd ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1998. ISBN 0-395-74012-6.
* Langellier, John. *Second Manassas 1862: Robert E. Lee's Greatest Victory*. Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2002. ISBN 1-84176-230-X.
* Longstreet, James. *From Manassas to Appomattox: Memoirs of the Civil War in America*. New York: Da Capo Press, 1992. ISBN 0-306-80464-6. First published in 1896 by J. B. Lippincott and Co.

## InfoBox

| William Smith Hanger Baylor | |
| --- | --- |
| Colonel Baylor | |
| Born | (1831-04-07)April 7, 1831 |
| Died | August 30, 1862(1862-08-30) (aged 31)
Prince William County, Virginia |
| Buried | Hebron Cemetery, Augusta County, Virginia |
| Allegiance | Confederate States of America |
| Service/branch | Confederate States Army |
| Rank | Colonel
Brigadier General (unconfirmed) |
| Commands | 5th Virginia Infantry
Stonewall Brigade |
| Battles/wars | American Civil War |


title: William Maitland of Lethington

abstract: William Maitland of Lethington was a Scottish politician and reformer, and the eldest son of poet Richard Maitland.

text:
# William Maitland of Lethington

**William Maitland of Lethington** (1525  9 June 1573) was a Scottish politician and reformer, and the eldest son of poet Richard Maitland.

## Life

He was educated at the University of St Andrews.

William was the renowned "Secretary Lethington" to Mary, Queen of Scots. As her Secretary of State from 1558, he played a prominent part in the various movements of his time, but did not gain the confidence of any party. He adhered to the party of James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray, illegitimate half-brother of the Queen, against the extreme measures of John Knox, and generally held his own against the preachers. His knowledge of foreign, and especially of English, politics and his general ability were assets of the highest value.

The lords sent Maitland to England to ask for assistance from Elizabeth, and his constant aim throughout his political career was to bring about a union between the two crowns. He was the guest of Ralph Sadler at Sutton House. He proved a highly astute ambassador at Elizabeth's court. He was involved in the conspiracy to murder David Rizzio (the private secretary and rumoured lover of Queen Mary) by her King consort Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley and his supporters, and was obliged to leave the court, but he managed to regain the Queen's favour. After Mary was captured by her enemies at the battle of Carberry Hill, on 25 July 1567 Maitland came to see the English ambassador in Edinburgh, Nicholas Throckmorton. As instructed by Elizabeth, Throckmorton asked Maitland if the plan was to restore Mary to the throne. If so, Elizabeth promised to help prosecute Darnley's murder and preserve Prince James. Throckmorton recorded Maitland's personal answer, which outlined that English interference was not welcome at this time and might even be counterproductive, and that Throckmorton would not be allowed to see Mary:

> Being in place to knowe more than you can knowe, I saye unto yowe ..., in case you doe on the Quenes majesties behalf your mestris, presse this company to enlarge the Quene my soveraigne, and to suffer you to goe unto her (at Lochleven Castle), or doe use any thretnynge speache in those matters, the rather to compasse them (*rather than achieve them*), I assure you, you wyll put the Quene my soveraigne in greate jeopardye of her lyffe: and therefore there is none other waye for the present to do her good but to give place and use mildness.

When Mary fled to the Kingdom of England in 1568 Maitland joined with the new government, but acted in her interest and formed a party to restore her to power. He was one of the Scots who met Elizabeth's representatives at York in 1568; here he showed a desire to exculpate Mary and to marry her to the duke of Norfolk, a course of action probably dictated by a desire to avoid all revelations about the Darnley murder. Maitland followed Regent Moray in his march against Mary's supporters and wrote to John Wood from Hoddom on 22 June 1568.

He was arrested in 1569 for his part in the crime. In 1573 Sir William Kirkcaldy of Grange, noted for his military talents and the forthright adherent of Mary, Queen of Scots, arranged for Maitland to be moved to Edinburgh Castle, and held the castle for Mary's party, along with his brother, Sir James, as a result of which Maitland's trial was postponed.

The Regent called on the military assistance of Queen Elizabeth I of England, who dispatched Sir William Drury from Berwick-upon-Tweed with a formidable train of artillery to assist in reducing the castle. Kirkcaldy resisted with firmness worthy of his high military reputation, until the walls were breached and shattered, his provisions expended, the wells choked with ruins and inaccessible, and the artillery silenced. He surrendered to Sir William Drury in May 1573 on a general promise of favourable terms; but in this, the English commander had undertaken more than he could make good.

By Elizabeth's orders, Sir William Drury saw himself obliged to surrender his prisoners to Regent Morton, and the gallant Kirkcaldy and his brother were executed at the Market Cross in Edinburgh. Maitland of Lethington, already ill, was moved to a cell in the newly completed Leith Tolbooth, for his own protection, where the following month he either died "in the Roman fashion" by taking his own life, through poison on 9 July 1573, rather than face the humiliation of public execution. His body apparently lay unmoved for a considerable time, and was partally consumed by rats.

## Family

On 6th January 1567, Maitland married the much younger Mary Fleming, one of the "Four Marys" who accompanied Mary, Queen of Scots, to France in 1548 as her principal attendants. Jamie Reid-Baxter has suggested that the Scots Renaissance comedy *Philotus*, about a lecherous octogenarian seeking marriage to a teenage girl, may first have been performed during the Maitland-Fleming wedding celebrations in Stirling.

*The Great Seal* (charter number 1519, confirmed at Holyroodhouse on 8 April 1588), gives **James Maitland of Lethington** (born 1568) as "son and heir of William Maitland of Lethington, Royal Secretary". William Maitland's daughter, Margaret, married Robert Ker, 1st Earl of Roxburghe.

William Maitland was the brother of John Maitland, 1st Lord Maitland of Thirlestane, Lord Chancellor of Scotland, and Marie Maitland, considered a scribe of the Maitland Folio and Quarto.

## Sources


title: William R.N. Blair

abstract: William Robert Nelson "Buck" Blair was a Canadian psychologist and academic administrator.

text:
# William R.N. Blair

**William Robert Nelson** "**Buck**" **Blair** (22 March 1915 – 22 August 1990) was a Canadian psychologist and academic administrator.

## Biography

Blair was born in Millbank, Ontario. He received a BA and MA in psychology from the University of Alberta. During World War II, he enlisted in the Canadian army and for a period served as a gunner lieutenant. He then moved to the army's Directorate of Personnel Selection and during the 1950s worked in the Canadian Army Personnel System. He returned to academia and obtained a PhD from the University of Ottawa in 1956. He then joined the faculty at the University of Calgary where he was Head of the Department of Psychology from 1966 to 1974 and associate vice-president (academic) of the university from 1974 to 1978. He retired in 1980.

He served extensively on national, regional and international organizations of psychology.

He died in 1990 in Calgary.

## Positions

## Awards

## InfoBox

| William Robert Nelson Blair | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 22 March 1915
Millbank, Ontario |
| Died | 22 August 1990 (aged 75)
Calgary, Alberta |
| Nationality | Canadian |
| Alma mater | University of Alberta; University of Ottawa |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Institutions | University of Calgary |
|  | |


title: William P. Lauder

abstract: William Philip Lauder is an American billionaire businessman, and executive chairman of The Estée Lauder Companies, one of the world's leading manufacturers of skin care, make-up, fragrance and hair care products.

text:
# William P. Lauder

**William Philip Lauder** (born April 11, 1960) is an American billionaire businessman, and executive chairman of The Estée Lauder Companies, one of the world's leading manufacturers of skin care, make-up, fragrance and hair care products.

## Early life and education

Lauder is the son of Evelyn Lauder (née Hausner) and Leonard A. Lauder; and a grandson of Estée and Joseph Lauder, the founders of the Estée Lauder Companies. His father was of Hungarian Jewish and Czechoslovakian Jewish descent and his mother was Austrian Jewish. William Lauder graduated from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania in 1983 with a bachelor's degree in economics.

## Career

Lauder joined The Estée Lauder Companies in 1986 as regional marketing director of Clinique USA in the New York Metro area. Lauder then spent two years at Prescriptives as field sales manager. Prior to joining The Estée Lauder Companies, he completed Macy's executive training program in New York City and became associate merchandising manager of the New York Division/Dallas store at the time of its opening in September 1985.

From 1990 to 1998, Lauder was vice president/general manager and then president of Origins Natural Resources Inc., where he led the introduction and development of this brand. Under his leadership, Origins created a store-within-a-store concept and had the highest growth rate of cosmetic companies in the U.S.

From June 1998 to July 2001, Lauder was president, Clinique Laboratories. Under his leadership, Clinique's Dramatically Different Moisturizing Lotion became the best-selling skin care product in U.S. department stores, and Clinique launched its first anti-aging product, Stop Signs Visible Anti-Aging Serum, which won the Cosmetic Executive Women (CEW) Award for "Best Skin Care Product in Limited Distribution" in 2000. Lauder was instrumental in increasing the brand's market share in the hair care category, leading the launch of the Clinique Simple Hair Care System. He also supervised the Clinique website.

From 2001 to 2004, Lauder was group president of The Estée Lauder Companies, and president of Clinique Worldwide. In this role, he led the worldwide businesses of Clinique and Origins and the company's retail division, including Aveda, Origins and M•A•C. He directed the company's online activities on a worldwide basis, including the Gloss.com joint venture with Chanel and Clarins.

Lauder succeeded Fred H. Langhammer as chief executive officer in July 2004, a position he held until July 2009, when he was succeeded by Fabrizio Freda. Lauder had previously been chief operating officer of The Estée Lauder Companies, a position he held since January 2003. Lauder was responsible for the oversight of all of the company's global operations. In addition, he oversaw nine of the company's specialty brands, including Prescriptives, Aveda and Bobbi Brown.

## Board positions

Lauder is on the boards of trustees of the University of Pennsylvania and the Trinity School in New York City. He is the co-chair of the Breast Cancer Research Foundation, a member of the board of directors of The Fresh Air Fund and the 92nd Street Y.

## Income

While CEO of Estée Lauder in 2009, William P. Lauder earned a total compensation of $8,037,296, which included a base salary of $1,500,000, a cash bonus of $975,000, stocks granted of $2,769,032, and options granted of $2,703,000.

## Personal life

In 1987, he married Karen Jacobs; they divorced in 2010. He has three daughters, lives in a Park Avenue co-op, and has homes in New York's Westchester County, Aspen, Colorado, and Palm Beach, Florida.

## InfoBox

| William P. Lauder | |
| --- | --- |
| Lauder in 2017 | |
| Born | William Philip Lauder
(1960-04-11) April 11, 1960 |
| Nationality | American |
| Alma mater | University of Pennsylvania (BS) |
| Occupation | Businessman |
| Title | Executive chairman, Estée Lauder Companies |
| Spouse | Karen Jacobs  (m. 1987; div. 2010) |
| Children | 3 daughters |
| Parent(s) | Leonard A. Lauder
Evelyn Lauder (née Hausner) |
| Relatives | Estée Lauder (grandmother)
Ronald Lauder (uncle)
Aerin Lauder Zinterhofer (cousin)
Jane Lauder Warsh (cousin) |


title: William Robinson Clarke

abstract: Sergeant William Robinson Clarke was a Jamaican World War I airman who was the first pilot of African descent to fly for Britain.

text:
# William Robinson Clarke

Sergeant **William Robinson Clarke** (4 October 1895 – 26 April 1981) was a Jamaican World War I airman who was the first pilot of African descent to fly for Britain.

## Early life

Clarke was born in Kingston, Jamaica, on 4 October 1895, son of Egbert Clarke and Eugenia Clarke (née Calm). He was one of four children. He became a mechanic, and was one of the first individuals in Jamaica to learn to drive.

## World War I

On the outbreak of the First World War in 1914, Clarke, aged 19, travelled to England at his own cost. He joined the Royal Flying Corps on 26 July 1915. He served initially as a mechanic and then as a driver for an observation balloon company.

In December 1916 he began pilot training, gaining his wings on 26 April 1917. Promoted to Pilot Sergeant, he was posted to No. 4 Squadron RFC at Abeele on 27 May 1917, flying R.E.8 biplanes over the Western Front. On the morning of 28 July 1917 during a reconnaissance mission flying five miles behind the German front line near Ypres, Sgt Clarke and his observer, Second Lieutenant F. P. Blencowe, were attacked by armed German scout aircraft. After Clarke was seriously wounded and lost consciousness, his observer brought the aeroplane back across British lines before making a forced landing near Godewaersvelde. In a letter to his mother, Clarke wrote:

> "I was doing some photographs a few miles the other side when about five Hun scouts came down upon me, and before I could get away, I got a bullet through the spine. I managed to pilot the machine nearly back to the aerodrome, but had to put her down as I was too weak to fly any more … My observer escaped without any injury."

Sergeant Clarke recovered from his wounds but was unfit to fly, and so returned to duty as a mechanic with No. 254 Squadron in England. He was honourably discharged in 1919, receiving the Silver War Badge.

## Later life

After recovering from his wounds, Clarke returned to Jamaica. He was granted a free passage, and the cost of his journey to England was reimbursed. He was later active in the building trade. He was active in veterans affairs and was life president of the Jamaican branch of the Royal Air Forces Association.

## Commemoration

In 2021 the Imperial War Museum announced the acquisition of an identification bracelet belonging to Clarke into their collections.

## InfoBox

| William Robinson Clarke | |
| --- | --- |
| Clarke, c. 1914 | |
| Nickname(s) | Robbie |
| Born | (1895-10-04)4 October 1895
Kingston, British Jamaica |
| Died | 26 April 1981(1981-04-26) (aged 85)
Kingston, Jamaica |
| Buried | Military Cemetery at Up Park Camp, Kingston, Jamaica |
| Allegiance | United Kingdom |
| Service/branch | Royal Flying Corps |
| Years of service | 1915–1919 |
| Rank | Sergeant |
| Unit | No. 4 Squadron RAF
No. 254 Squadron RAF |
| Battles/wars |  |
| Awards | Silver War Badge |
| Other work | Builder |


title: William R. Maloney

abstract: William Russell Maloney was a lieutenant general in the United States Marine Corps who served as Deputy Chief of Staff for Manpower for the Marine Corps. He was commissioned in 1951 and retired in 1985. Born in Pittsburgh, Maloney graduated from Brown University in 1951. He later earned an M.A. degree from Stanford University in 1963 and an M.S. degree from George Washington University in 1970. Maloney also graduated from the National War College in 1970. Maloney served as an infantry officer during the Korean War, earning a Bronze Star Medal. Designated a naval aviator in 1955, he commanded Marine Observation Squadron 6 during the Vietnam War, earning a Silver Star Medal, two Distinguished Flying Crosses and twenty-one Air Medals. After his death, Maloney and his wife Virginia "Jinny" (Fellows) Maloney were interred at Arlington National Cemetery on May 22, 2019.

text:
# William R. Maloney

**William Russell Maloney** (October 13, 1929 – November 13, 2018) was a lieutenant general in the United States Marine Corps who served as Deputy Chief of Staff for Manpower for the Marine Corps. He was commissioned in 1951 and retired in 1985.

Born in Pittsburgh, Maloney graduated from Brown University in 1951. He later earned an M.A. degree from Stanford University in 1963 and an M.S. degree from George Washington University in 1970. Maloney also graduated from the National War College in 1970.

Maloney served as an infantry officer during the Korean War, earning a Bronze Star Medal. Designated a naval aviator in 1955, he commanded Marine Observation Squadron 6 during the Vietnam War, earning a Silver Star Medal, two Distinguished Flying Crosses and twenty-one Air Medals.

After his death, Maloney and his wife Virginia "Jinny" (Fellows) Maloney (January 1, 1933 – May 19, 2018) were interred at Arlington National Cemetery on May 22, 2019.

## InfoBox

| William R. Maloney | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Nickname(s) | Bill |
| Born | (1929-10-13)October 13, 1929
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S. |
| Died | November 13, 2018(2018-11-13) (aged 89)
Charlotte, North Carolina, U.S. |
| Allegiance | United States |
| Service/branch | United States Marine Corps |
| Years of service | 1951–1985 |
| Rank | Lieutenant General |
| Commands | Deputy Chief of Staff for Plans, Policies and Operations; Deputy Chief of Staff for Manpower; 1st Marine Aircraft Wing, 2nd Marine Aircraft Wing, 3rd Marine Aircraft Wing; 5th Marine Amphibious Brigade; Marine Aircraft Group 36; Marine Observation Squadron 6 |
| Battles/wars | Korean War
Vietnam War |
| Awards | Distinguished Service Medal
Silver Star Medal
Legion of Merit (2)
Distinguished Flying Cross (2)
Bronze Star Medal
Meritorious Service Medal
Air Medal (21) |


title: William R. McKeen Jr.

abstract: William R. McKeen Jr. was the inventor of the track motorcar. While serving as the superintendent of motive power and machinery for the Union Pacific he developed the McKeen railmotor, later launching the McKeen Motor Car Company at the insistence of UP head E.H. Harriman. His company was located at the Union Pacific Railroad Omaha Shops Facility in Omaha, Nebraska. He was the son of prominent Terre Haute banker William Riley McKeen Sr. (1829–1913).

text:
# William R. McKeen Jr.

**William R. McKeen Jr.** (2 October 1869 – 19 October 1946) was the inventor of the track motorcar. While serving as the superintendent of motive power and machinery for the Union Pacific he developed the McKeen railmotor, later launching the McKeen Motor Car Company at the insistence of UP head E.H. Harriman. His company was located at the Union Pacific Railroad Omaha Shops Facility in Omaha, Nebraska.

He was the son of prominent Terre Haute banker William Riley McKeen Sr. (1829–1913).