title: Luciano Onder

abstract: Luciano Onder is an Italian journalist and science broadcaster, best known for presenting the shows Medicina 33 and TG5 Salute.

text:
# Luciano Onder

**Luciano Onder** (11 July 1943) is an Italian journalist and science broadcaster, best known for presenting the shows *Medicina 33* and *TG5 Salute*.

## Biography

Born in 1943, he graduated with a degree in Modern History in 1965 with Renzo De Felice. He taught at Sapienza University and began working in RAI in 1966 to create the series *Birth of a dictatorship* with Sergio Zavoli.

In 2002 the director Mauro Mazza appointed him vice-director of TG2.

On 31 March 2014 the University of Parma awarded him an honorary degree in medicine and surgery with the following rationale: "The correct and rigorous medical informations given by Onder has contributed to medical-scientific disclosure in general, thus managing to get closer public opinion and ordinary people to very importante themes."

Until September 2014 he presented *Medicine 33*, in TG2 news.

From September 2014 he joined the TG5 and TgCom24 team, where he took care of the TG5 Health sections.

He also runs *La casa della salute*, medicine program on San Marino RTV.

## Broadcasts

* *Medicina 33* (1966–1975; Rete 2, 1976–1983; Rai 2, 1983–2014)
* *TG2 Salute* (Rai 2, 1995–2008)
* *La casa della salute* (San Marino RTV, from 2013)
* *TG5* (Canale 5, from 2014)
* *TgCom24* (from 2014)
* *La salute prima di tutto* – in *Mattino Cinque* (Canale 5, from 2015)
* *TG5 Salute* (Canale 5, from 2016)

## Honours

Medaglia al merito della sanità pubblica, 2 April 2003  Knight of *Order of Merit of the Italian Republic*, Rome, 2 June 2004

## InfoBox

| Luciano Onder | |
| --- | --- |
| Luciano Onder | |
| Born | (1943-07-11) 11 July 1943
Arsiè, Italy |
| Occupation(s) | Journalist, science communicator |
| Years active | 1966–present |
| Awards | – 2004: Premio Saint-Vincent Servizi o rubriche televisive nazionali
\- 2013: Ischia International Journalism Award
\- 2014: Honorary degree in Medicine, University of Parma |


title: Terraforming in popular culture

text:
# Terraforming in popular culture

Terraforming is well represented in contemporary literature, usually in the form of science fiction, as well as in popular culture. While many stories involving interstellar travel feature planets already suited to habitation by humans and supporting their own indigenous life, some authors prefer to address the unlikeliness of such a concept by instead detailing the means by which humans have converted inhospitable worlds to ones capable of supporting life through artificial means.

## History of use

Author Jack Williamson is credited with inventing and popularizing the term "terraform". In July 1942, under the pseudonym Will Stewart, Williamson published a science fiction novella entitled "Collision Orbit" in *Astounding Science-Fiction* magazine. The series was later published as two novels, *Seetee Shock* (1949) and *Seetee Ship* (1951). American geographer Richard Cathcart successfully lobbied for formal recognition of the verb "to terraform", and it was first included in the fourth edition of the *Shorter Oxford English Dictionary* in 1993.

The concept of terraforming in popular culture predates Williamson's work; for example, the idea of turning the Moon into a habitable environment with atmosphere was already present in *La Journée d'un Parisien au XXIe siècle* ("A Day of a Parisian in the 21st Century", 1910) by Octave Béliard. In fact, perhaps predating the concept of terraforming, is that of xenoforming – a process in which aliens change the Earth to suit their own needs, already suggested in the classic *The War of the Worlds* (1898) of H.G. Wells.

## Literature

| Date | Title | Author | Planet/Moon | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1898 | *The War of the Worlds* | H. G. Wells | Earth | When the Martians invade the Earth, they bring with them red weed that starts to multiply rapidly and kill off Earth's indigenous plant life. |
| 1910 | «La Journée d'un Parisien au XXIe siècle» ("A Day of a Parisian in the 21st Century") | Octave Béliard | Moon | The Moon is gradually given an atmosphere, and vegetation is acclimated in order to turn the Earth's satellite into a natural reserve or sanctuary for endangered species, but also to allow human colonization. |
| 1927 | *The Last Judgment* | J. B. S. Haldane | Venus | An essay that proposes how life on Earth might end and speculates on the evolution of humanity, space exploration and colonization, and adaptation to new environments. Venus is proposed as a new home. |
| 1930 | *Last and First Men* | Olaf Stapledon | Venus and millions years after Neptune | Following up where Haldane left off, Stapledon's future history provides the first example in fiction in which Venus is modified, after a long and destructive war with the original inhabitants. Stapledon imagines a native Venus that is covered in oceans. |
| 1950 | *Farmer in the Sky* | Robert A. Heinlein | Ganymede | A family emigrates from Earth to the Jovian moon Ganymede, which is being terraformed. *Farmer in the Sky* is a historically significant novel in relation to terraforming in popular culture, as it was one of the first to take the subject more seriously than simple fantasy, portraying terraforming with scientific and mathematical considerations. |
| 1951 | *The Sands of Mars* | Arthur C. Clarke | Mars | First instance of Martian terraforming. Clarke's fictional methods for terraforming the planet include generating heat by igniting Phobos into a second sun, and growing plants that break down the Martian sands in order to release oxygen. |
| 1952 | *The Martian Way* | Isaac Asimov | Mars | Terraforming of Mars using ice from Saturn's rings. |
| 1954 | *The Big Rain* | Poul Anderson | Venus | Terraforming Venus. Anderson considers the great time scale inherent in planetary engineering and its effects upon society. Later, the title ("big rain") became associated with scientific terraforming models. |
| 1958 | *The Snows of Ganymede* | Poul Anderson | Ganymede | Terraforming of Ganymede |
| 1960 | *Chirurgien d'une planète* | Gérard Klein | Mars | Terraforming Mars. |
| 1961 | *Second Ending* | James White | Fomalhaut IV | The fourth planet of Fomalhaut was secretly terraformed by robots over millions of years |
| 1969 | *Isle of the Dead* | Roger Zelazny | Illyria | Francis Sandow is the last surviving human born in the 20th century who becomes a "worldscaper" - a terraformer with godlike powers. |
| 1984 | *Greening of Mars* | James Lovelock
Michael Allaby | Mars | One of the most influential science fiction novels on the actual science of terraforming. The novel explores the formation and evolution of planets, the origin of life, and Earth's biosphere. Spacecraft are illustrated in a realistic manner, and terraforming models in the book foreshadowed future debates regarding the goals of terraforming. |
| 1986–1988 | *Venus of Dreams*
*Venus of Shadows* | Pamela Sargent | Venus | Terraforming of Venus. |
| 1992–1999 | *Mars Trilogy* | Kim Stanley Robinson | Mars | Three novels (plus one collection of short stories) provide a lengthy description of terraforming Mars spanning centuries. The novels represent contemporary scientific and philosophical developments in the field, and also pay homage to the already existing fictional literature related to Mars. |

## Television and film

| Date | Title | Country | Notes | IMDb |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1982, 1984 | *Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan* and *Star Trek III: The Search for Spock* | USA | *Project Genesis*, a device for rapidly terraforming worlds to make them suitable for settlement and food production is introduced. At the end of the film, a Genesis Device is detonated in the Mutara nebula resulting in the creation of a main sequence star and a habitable planet known as the Genesis Planet. Due to unstable "proto-matter" used in the terraforming process, the planet's evolution is accelerated, leading to the eventual premature destruction of the Genesis Planet. The nine-disc *Star Trek: The Motion Picture Collection* contains an extra featurette on the "real-science applications of terraforming". |  |
| 1990 | *Total Recall* | USA | Aliens have built a terraforming device on Mars, which when turned on, fills the atmosphere with oxygen, allowing humans to live on the surface. *Total Recall* was one of the first films to portray terraforming on Mars, however it was criticized for its scientific inaccuracy. |  |

## Video games

Deformable terrain, as used in e.g. *Perimeter* and *Red Faction*, is occasionally called terraforming but is not a form of planetary engineering.

### As a game mechanic

| Date | Title | Genre | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1999 | *Sid Meier's Alpha Centauri* | 4X | Clearing native fungus and building infrastructure as part of colonizing an alien planet. Native life can be treated as allies or as enemies. Regional landscaping: planting forests, constructing canals or isthmuses or adjusting mountains. Changing sea levels. Making the atmosphere breathable was considered, but not implemented. |
| 2003 | *Master of Orion III* | Spacebound 4X | Redesigned terraforming with more details than in the previous installments. Tracking planetary fertility by region rather than identifying each planet by one dominant biome. According to the manual, terraforming is unstable and will decay if not maintained. |
| 2008 | *Spore* | Multiple | Terraforming (or unterraforming) planets in a matter of seconds in the spacebound sandbox phase. A handful of tools to affect heat and humidity, then introduce life. Planetary landscaping. |
| 2012 | *Terraform* | Turn-based puzzle | Terraforming planets made of hexagonal tiles by using tools and different weather conditions to reach planet-specific goals. |
| 2019 | *Surviving Mars: Green Planet* | City-building, survival | *Green Planet* downloadable content allows the terraforming of Mars. |
| 2023 | *Terraformers* | City-building | The player builds a colony on Mars, starting underground, mining the planet's crystals before moving the population to the surface. |

## Further reading


title: Čelnik

abstract: Čelnik was a high court title in the Kingdom of Serbia, Serbian Empire and Serbian Despotate. In its early form, the holder was entrusted with the security of property belonging to the Orthodox Church from the aristocrats, so the holder appeared in the role of a judge or executor of the ruler's decisions, in disputes between the church and the nobility. At the beginning of the 15th century, during the Serbian Despotate, the title of veliki čelnik was the equivalent of count palatine and was the highest court title, with the title-holders holding great provinces, property and honours.

text:
# Čelnik

***Čelnik*** (Serbian Cyrillic: челник) was a high court title in the Kingdom of Serbia, Serbian Empire and Serbian Despotate.

In its early form, the holder was entrusted with the security of property belonging to the Orthodox Church from the aristocrats (compare Catholic Vidame), so the holder appeared in the role of a judge or executor of the ruler's decisions, in disputes between the church and the nobility.

At the beginning of the 15th century, during the Serbian Despotate, the title of ***veliki čelnik*** (велики челник, "grand čelnik") was the equivalent of count palatine and was the highest court title, with the title-holders holding great provinces, property and honours.

## History

During the reign of King Stefan Milutin (r. 1282–1321), the title holder was entrusted with the security of property belonging to the Church from the aristocrats, so the holder appeared in the role of a judge or executor of the ruler's decisions, in disputes between the church and the nobility. At that time the title of *čelnik* was of a higher rank than *stavilac*, but lower than *kaznac* and *tepčija*, with *vojvoda* being the supreme title. It is unclear if there was one or several with that title at the court at that time.

During King Stefan Dečanski's reign there were two or three title holders at the same time. During Stefan Dušan's reign, the title of ***veliki čelnik*** is first mentioned. The *veliki čelnik* supervised over several čelniks, each *čelnik* being a commander of military fortifications (and presumably its troops) or a senior (*starešina*) of a larger number of villages. After Jovan Oliver and Dimitrije, it seems that the title was not given at the court of Stefan Dušan. During the service of Branilo (fl. 1347) and Đurica (fl. 1350), there is also a mention of Andronik, a čelnik in Polog, though he likely was not of the same category as the former two.

### List of known čelniks

## Veliki čelnik

At the beginning of the 15th century, during the Serbian Despotate, the title of *veliki čelnik* was the equivalent of count palatine and was the highest court title, with the title-holders holding great provinces, property and honours. Of these, Radič (fl. 1413–41) was the most notable.

### List of known veliki čelniks

* Jovan Oliver, veliki čelnik, served Stefan Dušan (before 1340)
* Dimitrije, veliki čelnik, served Stefan Dušan (before 1349), then Uroš V (fl. 1359)
* Hrebeljan, veliki čelnik, served Stefan Lazarević (fl. 1405)
* Radoslav,
* Radič, veliki? čelnik, served Stefan Lazarević.
* Radič, served Đurađ Branković (fl. 1429)
* Mihailo Anđelović (fl. 1458), served Đurađ and Lazar Branković.

## Sources


title: Eugenio Calò

abstract: Eugenio Calò was an Italian Jewish resistance fighter during World War II. Born in Pisa to an old Sephardi family, he was posthumously awarded the Gold Medal for Military Valour, Italy's highest honor for heroism. Eugenio Calò was an Italian partisan, second in command of the Pio Borri partisan division that fought the Germans in the Casentino mountains in Tuscany. As a Jewish victim of fascist Italy during the Second World War, Calò had lost his workshop, his home, and his family. Finally, at the age of 38, he was captured, tortured and murdered by the Germans.

text:
# Eugenio Calò

**Eugenio Calò** (July 2, 1906  July 14, 1944) was an Italian Jewish resistance fighter during World War II. Born in Pisa to an old Sephardi family, he was posthumously awarded the Gold Medal for Military Valour, Italy's highest honor for heroism. Eugenio Calò was an Italian partisan, second in command of the *Pio Borri* partisan division that fought the Germans in the Casentino mountains in Tuscany. As a Jewish victim of fascist Italy during the Second World War, Calò had lost his workshop, his home, and his family. Finally, at the age of 38, he was captured, tortured and murdered by the Germans.

## German occupation

After the German invasion in 1943, the anti-Semitic persecutions increased. The Fascists and the Germans began arresting the Jews and sending them to concentration camps. When Calò had learned about the capture of his family and the fact that they had been kept in Florence's Le Murate prison, he tried to organize their escape. His efforts were in vain. In May 1944 they were all deported to a concentration camp in Fossoli, and on the 16th of that month were sent on a transport to Auschwitz. His wife Carolina Lombroso gave birth to their fourth son while on the train. His family was killed by the Germans immediately upon arriving at Auschwitz.

Two months later, Calò and his fellow partisans captured a group of some thirty German soldiers. Acting on his moral authority as commander and as a human being, Calò opposed his fellow partisans who asked for a summary trial and execution of the prisoners. Instead, he insisted on treating the German soldiers as prisoners of war. He volunteered to take the prisoners across German lines, and extradite them to the hands of the allied forces. The Germans soldiers were notorious for their revenge and reprisal massacres of the civilian population. It was quite obvious to the partisans that if captured with German prisoners, they would be tortured and killed along with some innocent villagers. On July 2, 1944, the prisoners were transferred by Calò and other partisans - among them, Angelo Recapito and Luigi Valentini – to the Allied Headquarters in Cortona across the frontline.

General Mark Clark, commander of the US Fifth Army, asked for two volunteers who would take messages back to the partisans in order to coordinate their activities towards the liberation of the city of Arezzo which was planned for July 14. Calò and Angelo Recapito volunteered to go back and deliver the message. They succeeded in their mission and rejoined their friends, but were captured on July 14 along with a group of civilians and other partisans at Molin dei Falchi, where they had intended to spend the night with some more German prisoners. One of the German prisoners had managed to escape and informed the German Army and some Italian fascist collaborators of the camp's existence. The Germans attacked and there was a fierce battle in which many partisans died. The survivors were transferred to the village of San Polo di Arezzo where all the men of the village were collected as well for the reprisal action. The captured partisans were brutally tortured and murdered.

## San Polo massacre

After September 8, 1943, the German invasion army was ordered by the highest authorities not to obey the Geneva Convention nor normal rules of war, and to show no mercy towards the civilian population. The high German command promised to give complete protection against all accusations of brutality. A specific order was issued to torture and kill everyone found with weapons and to terrorize the unarmed civilian population. For every German killed, ten Italian civilians were to be killed.

As per these commands, all the men of San Polo were gathered and brought to Villa Mancini where the German officers were quartered. There, the partisans were brutally beaten with rubber hoses and tortured. Eugenio Calò and Angelo Recapito, who both had information pertaining to the Allied forces' military plans, maintained their silence. At the end of the day, the partisans, wounded and barely alive, along with the captured men of the village — forty-eight in all — were taken to a nearby field on the backyard of Villa Gigliosi that the German soldiers had requisitioned. The civilians were made to dig three pit graves and were then thrown in still alive. The partisans were placed in the pits with their heads above ground and with explosive charges attached to their bodies. They were then blown apart. The Germans did not allow anyone to bury the dead.

## Gold medal for military valour

Calò had spared the lives of some thirty captured German soldiers and insisted on acting in a humane way, even though his own family (his wife Carolina Lombroso, daughter Elena and sons Renzo and Albertino) had been captured and sent to Auschwitz only a couple of months earlier.

For his military activities against the Germans as a member of the Italian resistance movement, for his contribution as second in command of the *Pio Borri* partisan division that patrolled the Casentino mountains in Tuscany, for his bravery, and for his humanity, Eugenio Calò was awarded in 1947 the highest honor for military heroism in Italy, the "Gold Medal for Military Valour".

## Remembering Eugenio Calò

The San Polo massacre is commemorated every year, as is the liberation of Arezzo on July 16, 1944. The local religious, civilian and military authorities participate in the ceremony.

There are streets in Arezzo and Florence bearing the names of Eugenio Calò and Angelo Recapito and in the town of Quarata, near Arezzo, there is a school named after him.

The county of Reggello named the Cascia square in memory of Carolina Lombroso Calò, In May 2016 a plaque commemorating her memory and her deportation and murder in Auschwitz with her children, was set in the square.

## San Polo trials

Former NSDAP member Herbert Handsk, who took part in the San Polo massacre, was released from prison in 2007 by the Italian justice. Aged 87, he was the only survivor of the perpetrators of the massacre. Klaus Konrad had died on August 15, 2006. He had also been indicted by the magistrates in the same trial. Konrad, who became after the war a deputy of the Bundestag from 1969 to 1980 as a member of Willy Brandt's SPD, had already been indicted by the Italian justice in 1967 and 1972, but the complaints had been classified.

## Footnotes

## References and bibliography

* *Original research by Eugenio Calo's nephew Tullio Sonnino and Shmulik Suhami.*
* *Fuochi sui Monti dell'Appennino Toscano*:Antonio Curina ; D. Badiali, Arezzo 1957.
* *Arezzo distrutta 1943-44*: Enzo Droandi ; Calosci editore, Cortona, 1995.

## InfoBox

| Eugenio Calò | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1906-07-02)2 July 1906
Pisa, Kingdom of Italy |
| Died | 14 July 1944(1944-07-14) (aged 38) |
| Nationality | Italian |
| Known for | Partisan |
| Awards | Gold Medal of Military Valour
 |


title: Paul Marcotte (musician)

abstract: Paul Marcotte is a Canadian horn player, music pedagogue, and music director. He is the former director of personnel and principal horn player of the Montréal Chamber Orchestra, and currently serves as horn player and librarian to the Orchestre Métropolitain of which he is a founding member. He is also the current artistic director of the jazz brass ensemble Omnitonique, and has played as a freelance musician with many notable music organizations in the Montreal area, including the Montreal Symphony Orchestra and the Opéra de Montréal. Marcotte graduated with top honors from the Conservatoire de musique du Québec à Montréal in 1977 where he was a pupil of horn player Joseph Masella. He then pursued further studies in London where he earned performance diplomas in horn performance from both the Royal College of Music and the Guildhall School of Music and Drama. He then studied horn with Philip Farkas at the Jacobs School of Music of Indiana University Bloomington in the United States where he earned a master's degree. He has held teaching posts at more than a dozen institutions during his career, but currently serves as horn professor, director of brass ensemble, and lecturer in harmony at both the Université de Montréal and Sherbrooke College.

text:
# Paul Marcotte (musician)

**Paul Marcotte** is a Canadian horn player, music pedagogue, and music director. He is the former director of personnel and principal horn player of the Montréal Chamber Orchestra, and currently serves as horn player and librarian to the Orchestre Métropolitain of which he is a founding member. He is also the current artistic director of the jazz brass ensemble Omnitonique, and has played as a freelance musician with many notable music organizations in the Montreal area, including the Montreal Symphony Orchestra and the Opéra de Montréal.

Marcotte graduated with top honors from the Conservatoire de musique du Québec à Montréal in 1977 where he was a pupil of horn player Joseph Masella. He then pursued further studies in London where he earned performance diplomas in horn performance from both the Royal College of Music and the Guildhall School of Music and Drama. He then studied horn with Philip Farkas at the Jacobs School of Music of Indiana University Bloomington in the United States where he earned a master's degree. He has held teaching posts at more than a dozen institutions during his career, but currently serves as horn professor, director of brass ensemble, and lecturer in harmony at both the Université de Montréal and Sherbrooke College.


title: Udea nebulalis

abstract: Udea nebulalis is a species of moth in the family Crambidae. It is found in France, Switzerland, Austria, Italy, Germany, Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia and Montenegro, Bulgaria, Romania, Estonia and Fennoscandia. The wingspan is 18–25 mm. The larvae feed on Campanula species.

text:
# Udea nebulalis

***Udea nebulalis*** is a species of moth in the family Crambidae. It is found in France, Switzerland, Austria, Italy, Germany, Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia and Montenegro, Bulgaria, Romania, Estonia and Fennoscandia.

The wingspan is 18–25 mm.

The larvae feed on *Campanula* species.

## InfoBox

| *Udea nebulalis* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Crambidae |
| Genus: | *Udea* |
| Species: | ***U. nebulalis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Udea nebulalis***<br>(Hubner, 1796) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Pyralis nebulalis* Hübner, 1796 * *Botys pratalis* Zeller, 1841 * *Pyralis squalidalis* Hübner, 1809 | |


title: List of birds of Singanallur Lake

abstract: This is a list of the birds found at Singanallur Lake in Coimbatore in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Over 100 species of birds have been spotted in the lake. The list includes the name in Tamil.

text:
# List of birds of Singanallur Lake

This is a **list of the birds found at Singanallur Lake** in Coimbatore in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Over 100 species of birds have been spotted in the lake. The list includes the name in Tamil.

## Non-passerines

### Cormorants

### Herons and egrets

### Storks

### Ibis and spoonbill

### Kites and harriers

### Ducks

### Francolin and fowl

### Crakes and rail

### Jacanas

### Plovers and lapwings

### Godwit, sandpipers and stilt

### Terns

### Doves and pigeons

### Parakeet

### Cuckoos

### Owls

### Swifts

### Kingfishers

### Bee-eaters

### Rollers and hoopoe

### Barbets

### Woodpeckers

### Other non-passerines

## Passerines

### Larks

### Martin and swallows

### Wagtails and pipit

### Shrikes and woodshrikes

### Bulbuls

### Robin and chats

### Laughingthrushes

### Warblers, prinias and tailorbird

### Flycatchers

### Flowerpeckers

### Sunbirds

### Munias

### Sparrows

### Weavers

### Starling and myna

### Orioles

### Drongos

### Crows and treepies


title: Matteo da Gimara

abstract: Matteo da Gimara, OFM was an Italian Catholic prelate and a professed member of the Order of Friars Minor. He served as the Bishop of Agrigento from 17 September 1442 until his resignation in mid-1445. He was forced to resign due to clerical opposition to his tenure and rumors spread against him forced this resignation. Matteo was noted for his concern towards the poor as well as for his preaching abilities; he was known to have preached in various Italian cities and had support from Pope Eugene IV who was a benefactor. He also preached across Spain on several occasions being close to the monarch before returning to the Italian peninsula to preach and assume his episcopal duties. He was honored for his saintliness in life and death, which later led to Pope Clement XIII approving his beatification on 22 February 1767.

text:
# Matteo da Gimara

**Matteo da Gimara**, OFM (also known as **Matthew of Agrigento**; c. 1376 – 7 January 1450) was an Italian Catholic prelate and a professed member of the Order of Friars Minor. He served as the Bishop of Agrigento from 17 September 1442 until his resignation in mid-1445. He was forced to resign due to clerical opposition to his tenure and rumors spread against him forced this resignation.

Matteo was noted for his concern towards the poor as well as for his preaching abilities; he was known to have preached in various Italian cities and had support from Pope Eugene IV who was a benefactor. He also preached across Spain on several occasions being close to the monarch (he is alleged to have Spanish origins) before returning to the Italian peninsula to preach and assume his episcopal duties.

He was honored for his saintliness in life and death, which later led to Pope Clement XIII approving his beatification on 22 February 1767.

## Life

Matteo Guimerà was born in Agrigento sometime in 1376 and is said to be descended from a Spanish line. It has been debated that his name is Matteo de Zizilia due to an entrance record into the Order of Friars Minor at Bologna dated 30 July 1394 while other hagiographers have suggested that he was named after his grandfather with the surname Sciascia; others suggest Limbeni is his surname.

He was sent to Bologna for his theological studies and later to Barcelona in Spain where he was ordained as a priest in 1400.

He joined the Order of Friars Minor either in 1391 or 1392 at the San Francesco d'Assisi convent before making his religious profession in 1394. It was after his ordination that he was tasked with preaching in Tarragona and then served as a novice master from 1405 until 1416 (he returned home in 1417). Per King Alfonso V he returned home in the hopes of meeting Saint Bernardino da Siena; the two were said to have met at the order's General Chapter in Mantua in 1418 to which Matteo encouraged and began aiding Bernardino in his Franciscan Observance movement. He also served as the order's provincial vicar from 1425 until 1427 and then as the order's commissioner general for the Sicilian Province from 1432 until 1440. Pope Martin V allowed him in 1425 to establish three convents for the Franciscans and he and Saint Giovanni da Capistrano defended their friend Bernardino before the pope when Bernardino was accused of being a heretic in relation to his devotion to the Sacred Name; Bernardino was acquitted of all the charges leveled against him. This accusation was voiced at the end of Lent in Viterbo in 1426 which prompted Matteo and Giovanni to rush to Rome to plead their case before the pope. Matteo also founded convents in Valencia and Barcelona during the time he spent in Spain from 1427 until 1428 but returned to his homeland where he founded a convent in Siracusa in 1429 and the convent associated with the church of Santa Maria di Gesù at Caltagirone later in 1432. He returned to Spain in 1430 when Queen Maria of Aragon asked him to help make peace between her husband John II (the King of Castile) and his brother. King Alfonso V of Aragon held him in such high esteem that he helped to secure Matteo for a nomination to an Italian bishopric; Pope Eugene IV appointed him in a papal bull on 17 September 1442 as the Bishop of Agrigento. This came after he preached for Lent in 1428 in Valencia and left for the Italian peninsula in April 1430 after concluding his preaching in Tarragona.

Matteo was consecrated to the episcopate on 30 June 1443 and set to work to reform clerical standards and to aid the poor in his diocese. His consecration was postponed for several months due to his own opposition to the appointment; he accepted at the pope's insistence and in obedience to him. His care for the poor led some disgruntled clerics to claim that he squandered ecclesial goods for his own benefit. He in fact renounced all ecclesial proceeds to the poor but kept what was needed for him and for the well-being of the diocesan staff. But the disgruntled clerics who opposed him sought to remove him from the diocese and claimed he was engaging in carnal relations with a woman in order to force the pope to take action. He was tried in a papal court but was found innocent; Eugene IV restored his bishopric to him (the pope was a consistent benefactor for Matteo) but the bishop resigned his see even though the allegations were disproved. It is said that Bernardino's counsel also helped him in his decision to resign. The pope provided him with a pension following his resignation as a consolation.

Matteo died following a brief illness in Palermo on 7 January 1455 and was interred in the Santa Maria di Gesù church.

## Beatification

Pope Clement XIII beatified Matteo on 22 February 1767.

## InfoBox

| Blessed
Matteo da Gimara
O.F.M. | |
| --- | --- |
| Bishop of Agrigento | |
| Mosaic (Alberto Farina) in Santa Maria di Gesù in Palermo. | |
| Church | Roman Catholic Church |
| Diocese | Agrigento |
| See | Agrigento |
| Appointed | 17 September 1442 |
| Term ended | 23 July 1445 |
| Predecessor | Lorenzo da Napoli |
| Successor | Antonio Ponticorona |
| Orders | |
| Ordination | 1400 |
| Consecration | 30 June 1443
by Giovanni Rosa |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Matteo Guimerà
c. 1376
Agrigento, Kingdom of Sicily |
| Died | 7 January 1450 (aged 33)
Palermo, Kingdom of Sicily |
| Sainthood | |
| Feast day | 7 January |
| Venerated in | Roman Catholic Church |
| Beatified | 22 February 1767
Saint Peter's Basilica, Papal States
by Pope Clement XIII |
| Attributes | Franciscan habit
Episcopal attire
Pastoral staff |
| Patronage | Archdiocese of Agrigento |


# List of Oklahoma City Thunder head coaches

The Oklahoma City Thunder is an American professional basketball franchise based in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. It plays in the Northwest Division of the Western Conference in the National Basketball Association (NBA). It was known as the Seattle SuperSonics from 1967 to 2008. The team plays its home games at the Paycom Center. The Thunder is owned by Professional Basketball Club LLC with Sam Presti as its general manager. The team was formed in 1967. After spending 41 seasons in Seattle, Washington, the SuperSonics moved to Oklahoma City. Owner Clay Bennett, who purchased the team in 2006, sought to get public funding for a new arena in Seattle, or a major renovation of the KeyArena in 2007. After failing to do so, he decided to move the team to Oklahoma City. Seattle sued Bennett's group to enforce the lease that required the team to stay until 2010. The two sides reached a $45 million settlement to pay off the team's lease with KeyArena in July 2008.

There have been 16 head coaches for the Thunder franchise. The franchise won its only NBA championship in the 1979 NBA Finals while coached by Hall of Famer Lenny Wilkens. Wilkens is the only member of the franchise to have been inducted into the Basketball Hall of Fame as a coach. He is also the franchise's all-time leader in regular-season games coached, regular-season games won, playoff games coached, and playoff games won. Wilkens, Paul Westphal, Nate McMillan and Bob Weiss formerly played for the team in Seattle. Former head coach Scott Brooks is the only coach to have won the NBA Coach of the Year Award with the franchise.

## Key

| **GC** | Games coached |
| --- | --- |
| **W** | Wins |
| **L** | Losses |
| **Win%** | Winning percentage |
| **#** | Number of coaches |
| * | Spent entire NBA head coaching career with the SuperSonics/Thunder |
|  | Elected into the Basketball Hall of Fame as a coach |
|

## Coaches

*Note: Statistics are correct through the end of the 2023–24 season.*

| # | Name | Term | GC | W | L | Win% | GC | W | L | Win% | Achievements | Reference |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | Regular season | | | | Playoffs | | | | | |
| **Seattle SuperSonics** | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 1 | Al Bianchi | 19671969 | 164 | 53 | 111 | .323 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |  |  |
| 2 | Lenny Wilkens | 19691972 (as player-coach) | 246 | 121 | 125 | .492 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  | One of the top 10 coaches in NBA history |  |
| 3 | Tom Nissalke | 1972 | 45 | 13 | 32 | .289 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |  |  |
| 4 | Bucky Buckwalter | 1973 | 37 | 13 | 24 | .351 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |  |  |
| 5 | Bill Russell | 19731977 | 328 | 162 | 166 | .494 | 15 | 6 | 9 | .400 |  |  |
| 6 | Bob Hopkins* | 1977 | 22 | 5 | 17 | .227 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |  |  |
|  | Lenny Wilkens | 19771985 | 634 | 357 | 277 | .563 | 69 | 37 | 32 | .536 | 1 NBA championship (1979)<br>One of the top 10 coaches in NBA history |  |
| 7 | Bernie Bickerstaff | 19851990 | 410 | 202 | 208 | .493 | 27 | 12 | 15 | .444 |  |  |
| 8 | K. C. Jones | 19901991 | 118 | 59 | 59 | .500 | 5 | 2 | 3 | .400 |  |  |
| 9 | Bob Kloppenburg | 1991 | 4 | 2 | 2 | .500 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |  |  |
| 10 | George Karl | 19911998 | 534 | 384 | 150 | .719 | 80 | 40 | 40 | .500 |  |  |
| 11 | Paul Westphal | 19982000 | 147 | 76 | 71 | .517 | 5 | 2 | 3 | .400 |  |  |
| 12 | Nate McMillan | 20002005 | 395 | 212 | 183 | .537 | 16 | 8 | 8 | .500 |  |  |
| 13 | Bob Weiss | 2005 | 30 | 13 | 17 | .433 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |  |  |
| 14 | Bob Hill | 20062007 | 134 | 53 | 81 | .396 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |  |  |
| 15 | P. J. Carlesimo | 2007–2008 | 82 | 20 | 62 | .244 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |  |  |
| **Oklahoma City Thunder** | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  | P. J. Carlesimo | 2008 | 13 | 1 | 12 | .077 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |  |  |
| 16 | Scott Brooks | 20082015 | 545 | 338 | 207 | .620 | 73 | 39 | 34 | .534 | 2009–10 NBA Coach of the Year |  |
| 17 | Billy Donovan | 20152020 | 400 | 243 | 157 | .608 | 41 | 18 | 23 | .439 |  |  |
| 18 | Mark Daigneault | 2020–present | 236 | 143 | 175 | .450 | 10 | 6 | 4 | .600 | 2023-24 NBA Coach of the Year |  |

General  * "Oklahoma City Thunder Coach Register". *basketball-reference.com*. Sports Reference. Archived from the original on October 13, 2008. Retrieved June 21, 2008.

Specific


title: Love Lost (album)

abstract: Love Lost is a studio album, released on June 11, 1959, by jazz vocal and instrumental group The Four Freshmen. Released at the height of their fame, the album is now considered a "vintage" recording. In the same year, The Four Freshmen won both the Metronome and Playboy polls as top jazz vocal group. The album was reissued in 1998 on a double CD with Voices in Love.

text:
# Love Lost (album)

***Love Lost*** is a studio album, released on June 11, 1959, by jazz vocal and instrumental group The Four Freshmen. Released at the height of their fame, the album is now considered a "vintage" recording. In the same year, The Four Freshmen won both the *Metronome* and *Playboy* polls as top jazz vocal group.

The album was reissued in 1998 on a double CD with *Voices in Love*.

## Track listing

1. “Love Lost” (Bob Flanigan, Don Barbour, Ross Barbour, Ken Albers)
2. Spring Is Here” (Richard Rodgers, Lorenz Hart)
3. “I'm a Fool to Want You” (Joel Herron, Frank Sinatra, Jack Wolf)
4. I Should Care” (Axel Stordahl, Paul Weston, Sammy Cahn)
5. “I Could Have Told You” (Jimmy Van Heusen, Carl Sigman)
6. “If I Ever Love Again” (Russ Carlyle, Richard Reynolds)
7. The Gal That Got Away” (Harold Arlen, Ira Gershwin)
8. When Your Lover Has Gone” (Einar Aaron Swan)
9. “I Wish I Didn't Love You So” (Frank Loesser)
10. “I Wish I Knew” (Harry Warren, Mack Gordon)
11. I'll Never Smile Again” (Ruth Lowe)
12. Little Girl Blue” (Richard Rodgers, Lorenz Hart)

## Personnel

Vocal arrangements Dick Reynolds and Ken Albers
Music arranged by Dick Reynolds

* Carr, Ian; Fairweather, Digby; and Priestley, Brian. *The Rough Guide to Jazz: 3rd Edition*. London: Rough Guides, 2004.
* Feather, Leonard. *The Encyclopedia of Jazz*. New York: Horizon Press, 1960.

## InfoBox

| Love Lost | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by The Four Freshmen | |
| Released | 1959 |
| Recorded | 1959 |
| Genre | Vocal jazz |
| Label | Capitol |
| The Four Freshmen chronology | |
| *The Four Freshmen And Five Guitars*
(1959) ***Love Lost***
(1959) *Voices and Brass*
(1960) | |


title: Terbogrel

abstract: Terbogrel (INN) is an experimental drug that has been studied for its potential to prevent the vasoconstricting and platelet-aggregating action of thromboxanes. Terbogrel is an orally available thromboxane A2 receptor antagonist and a thromboxane A synthase inhibitor. The drug was developed by Boehringer Ingelheim. A phase 2 clinical trial of terbogrel was discontinued due to its induction of leg pain.

text:
# Terbogrel

**Terbogrel** (INN) is an experimental drug that has been studied for its potential to prevent the vasoconstricting and platelet-aggregating action of thromboxanes. Terbogrel is an orally available thromboxane A2 receptor antagonist and a thromboxane A synthase inhibitor. The drug was developed by Boehringer Ingelheim.

A phase 2 clinical trial of terbogrel was discontinued due to its induction of leg pain.

## InfoBox

Terbogrel
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Names | |
| IUPAC name (5*E*)-6-{3-\[*tert*-Butyl(cyano)carbamimidamido\]phenyl}-6-pyridin-3-ylhex-5-enoic acid | |
| Other names (5*E*)-6-\[*m*-(3-*tert*-Butyl-2-cyanoguanidino)phenyl\]-6-(3-pyridyl)-5-hexenoic acid | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number |  |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| ChEMBL |  |
| ChemSpider |  |
| KEGG |  |
| PubChem CID |  |
| UNII |  |
| InChI * InChI=1S/C23H27N5O2/c1-23(2,3)28-22(26-16-24)27-19-10-6-8-17(14-19)20(11-4-5-12-21(29)30)18-9-7-13-25-15-18/h6-11,13-15H,4-5,12H2,1-3H3,(H,29,30)(H2,26,27,28)/b20-11+ YKey: XUTLOCQNGLJNSA-RGVLZGJSSA-N Y * InChI=1S/C23H27N5O2/c1-23(2,3)28-22(26-16-24)27-19-10-6-8-17(14-19)20(11-4-5-12-21(29)30)18-9-7-13-25-15-18/h6-11,13-15H,4-5,12H2,1-3H3,(H,29,30)(H2,26,27,28)/b20-11+ | |
| SMILES * N#CN\C(=N/C(C)(C)C)Nc2cccc(C(=C/CCCC(=O)O)\c1cccnc1)c2 | |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C23H27N5O2 |
| Molar mass | 405.502 g·mol−1 |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C \[77 °F\], 100 kPa). N verify (what is YN ?)  Infobox references | |


title: Øivind Lorentzen

abstract: Øivind Sven Lorentzen was a Norwegian shipping magnate.

text:
# Øivind Lorentzen

**Øivind Sven Lorentzen** (14 October 1882 – 9 May 1980) was a Norwegian shipping magnate.

## Pre-war life and career

He was born in Holmestrand as a son of ship-owner Hans Ludvig Lorentzen (1839–1904) and Thala Margrethe Bredrup (1847–1941). His family lived in Argentina and Brazil between 1890 and 1895. Lorentzen finished his secondary education in 1901, and studied shipbuilding at *Königliche Technische Hochschule* in Charlottenburg (now Technische Universität Berlin) from 1901 to 1906. In April 1908 he married Ragna Nilsen (1885–1976), a daughter of Peder Nilsen. In 1923 they had 5 sons and one daughter: Hans Ludvig Ph.D.; Per Arne; Ingjerd Ragna; Oivind Harald; Erik Finn; and Erling Lorentzen, who went on to marry Princess Ragnhild of Norway, and had the children Haakon, Ingeborg and Ragnhild Lorentzen.

He became a partner in his father's company Lorentzen & Co in 1908. In 1914 Lorentzen was behind the acquiring of Norway's first motor ship, MS *Brazil*. The vessel was bought by Fred. Olsen & Co. already at the end of the year, but Lorentzen became manager for the ship's South America service, organized through Den Norske Syd-Amerika Linje. In 1920 Lorentzen advanced to CEO of Den Norske Syd-Amerika Linje, a position he left in 1938 to further his own shipping business.

Partly, the conflict was grounded in Lorentzen's engagements outside of Den Norske Syd-Amerika Linje. When being hired in Den Norske Syd-Amerika Linje, he had left his family company, but continued working with the company Sobral (founded 1915). When Sobral bought four vessels in 1936, Lorentzen offered to participate with these vessels in the ventures of Den Norske Syd-Amerika Linje, but it was rejected. He instead founded the Northern Pan-American Line (Nopal Line) with his son as CEO. This company trafficked Northern Brazil and the US.

## War and post-war life

In 1939 he was hired as Director of Shipping, leading ones of the directorates under the Norwegian Ministry of Provisioning. In 1940, Norway was entangled in World War II, and the state reorganized the country's shipping into Nortraship. Lorentzen became director of Nortraship, but stayed in the United States, whereas Ingolf Hysing Olsen was the director in London, where most of the Norwegian administration-in-exile sat. The war years saw disagreements, especially between Lorentzen and Arne Sunde and Hilmar Reksten. The actions of Øivind Lorentzen and his son Per were scrutinized by a government committee between 1943 and 1945, and was exonerated. Hysing Olsen took over as director after the war.

Lorentzen instead continued his career in South American shipping. He officially retired in 1959. His eponymous company existed until 1987. Lorentzen was also a co-founder and first chairman (1947–1957) of the humanitarian organization *Landsforeningen mot Poliomyelitt*.

He was also involved in a lengthy court case. In 1950 his company Sobral sued the former CEO and board of the shipyard Moss Værft & Dokk. Sobral claimed that Moss Værft & Dokk neglected their contract agreement regarding the construction of two vessels during the war. First, claimed Sobral, Moss Værft & Dokk had instead used their capacity on arming whaling vessels. The two vessels had been delayed, and when they were completed, they had been taken over by *Kriegsmarine* as minesweepers. The court case lasted several years, reaching the court of appeal in 1954.

He was decorated as a Knight, First Class of the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav in 1938. He was promoted to Commander with Star after the war. He died in May 1980 in Norway, 97 years old.

## InfoBox

| Øivind Lorentzen | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1882-10-14)14 October 1882
Holmestrand, Norway |
| Died | 9 May 1980(1980-05-09) (aged 97)
Oslo, Norway |
| Nationality | Norwegian |
| Occupation | Shipping magnate |
| Children | Erling Lorentzen |


title: Euphorbia margalidiana

abstract: Euphorbia margalidiana is a species of flowering plant in the spurge family Euphorbiaceae, endemic to the Balearic Islands, where its natural habitats are Mediterranean Matorral shrubland vegetation and rocky shores. An evergreen perennial or subshrub growing to 1.2 m (3.9 ft) tall and broad, It bears yellow-green flowers over a long period in the summer. It is particularly valued in cultivation for its tolerance of a wide range of conditions, including drought. Though hardy down to −10 °C (14 °F) it grows best in mild areas. Like all euphorbias, it produces an irritant milky sap when cut or broken. All parts of the plant are toxic when ingested. It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

text:
# Euphorbia margalidiana

***Euphorbia margalidiana*** is a species of flowering plant in the spurge family Euphorbiaceae, endemic to the Balearic Islands, where its natural habitats are Mediterranean Matorral shrubland vegetation and rocky shores. An evergreen perennial or subshrub growing to 1.2 m (3.9 ft) tall and broad, It bears yellow-green flowers over a long period in the summer. It is particularly valued in cultivation for its tolerance of a wide range of conditions, including drought. Though hardy down to −10 °C (14 °F) it grows best in mild areas.

Like all euphorbias, it produces an irritant milky sap when cut or broken. All parts of the plant are toxic when ingested.

It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

## InfoBox

| *Euphorbia margalidiana* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Vulnerable  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Malpighiales |
| Family: | Euphorbiaceae |
| Genus: | *Euphorbia* |
| Species: | ***E. margalidiana*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Euphorbia margalidiana***
Kühbier & Lewej | |
|


title: Paul Marie Eugène Vieille

abstract: Paul Marie Eugène Vieille was a French chemist who invented modern nitrocellulose-based smokeless gunpowder in 1884. He was a graduate of École Polytechnique.

text:
# Paul Marie Eugène Vieille

**Paul Marie Eugène Vieille** (2 September 1854  14 January 1934) was a French chemist who invented modern nitrocellulose-based smokeless gunpowder in 1884. He was a graduate of École Polytechnique.

## Impact

The new smokeless powder, called Poudre B, was three times as powerful as black powder for the same weight and left virtually no residues of combustion. Paul Vieille soon became director of the "Laboratoire Central des Poudres et Salpetres" in Paris, where his research had taken place. His invention was applied not only to small arms but also to the full range of artillery ammunition. His invention was widely followed within a short time by all the major military powers. Vieille received the Prix Leconte (₣50,000) in 1889 in recognition of his discovery. Veille was a member of the French Academy of Sciences.

## InfoBox

| Paul Marie Eugène Vieille | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1854-09-02)2 September 1854 |
| Died | 14 January 1934(1934-01-14) (aged 79) |
| Nationality | French |
| Known for | smokeless gunpowder |
| Awards | Leconte Prize (1889) |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | chemistry |
|  | |


title: Peter DaCunha

abstract: Peter DaCunha is a Portuguese-Canadian actor best known for his roles as Mason in Home Alone: The Holiday Heist (2012), Remi Vogel in Bruce McDonald's thriller film Hellions (2015) and Tyler in the acclaimed Atom Egoyan drama Remember (2015). He also participated in the TV show Reign as Prince Charles. He also has a recurring role as Samuel Ramse on Season 2 of the 12 Monkeys television series.

text:
# Peter DaCunha

**Peter DaCunha** is a Portuguese-Canadian actor best known for his roles as Mason in *Home Alone: The Holiday Heist* (2012), Remi Vogel in Bruce McDonald's thriller film *Hellions* (2015) and Tyler in the acclaimed Atom Egoyan drama *Remember* (2015).

He also participated in the TV show *Reign* as Prince Charles. He also has a recurring role as Samuel Ramse on Season 2 of the *12 Monkeys* television series.

## Filmography

### Film

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2011 | *In a Family Way* | Baby Oliver | Voice |
| 2012 | *A Dark Truth* | Jason Begosian |  |
| 2012 | *The Barrens* | Danny Vineyard |  |
| 2013 | *Haunter* | Robbie |  |
| 2013 | *Torment* | Liam Morgan |  |
| 2015 | *Hellions* | Remi Vogel |  |
| 2015 | *The Waiting Room* | Soccer boy |  |
| 2015 | *Remember* | Tyler |  |
| 2017 | *XX* | Danny Jacobs |  |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2011 | *Rookie Blue* | Elliot Walker | Episode: "Best Laid Plans" |
| 2011 | *Alphas* | Teddy | Episode: "A Short Time in Paradise" |
| 2011 | *Against the Wall* | Jason | Episode: "Wonder What God's Up To" |
| 2011 | *Mistletoe Over Manhattan* | Travis Martel | Television film |
| 2012 | *Frenemies* | George O'Neal | |
| 2012 | *Life with Boys* | Amusement park kid | Episode: "Bathroom Battles with Boys" |
| 2012 | *The Listener* | Dustin Lamb | Episode: "Captain Nightfall" |
| 2012 | *Flashpoint* | Curtis Rogan | Episode: "No Kind of Life" |
| 2012 | *Home Alone: The Holiday Heist* | Mason | Television film |
| 2012–2015 | *Rick Mercer Report* | Rick's Son | 7 episodes |
| 2013 | *Pete's Christmas* | Kenny Kidder | Television film |
| 2013 | *Holidaze* | Jake | |
| 2013 | *Ella the Elephant* | Sammy | Episode: 'Ella's Special Delivery/Frankie's Perfect Pumpkin" |
| 2013–2014 | *Reign* | Charles | 4 episodes |
| 2015 | *Defiance* | Young Datak | Episode: 'My Name Is Datak Tarr and I Have Come to Kill You" |
| 2016 | *Saving Hope* | Mordecai Poplar | Episode: "You Can't Always Get What You Want" |
| 2016 | *Murdoch Mysteries* | Ewan Gallacher | Episode: "House of Industry" |
| 2016 | *A Perfect Christmas* | Brian | Television film |
| 2016 | *Mr. D* | Hayden | Episode: "Gerry Gets a Kid" |
| 2016–2018 | *12 Monkeys* | Samuel Ramse | 10 episodes |
| 2017 | *Mommy's Little Boy* | Eric Wilson | Television film |
| 2017 | *Dark Matter* | Ethan | Episode: "Isn't That a Paradox?" |

## InfoBox

| Peter DaCunha | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (2003-04-12) April 12, 2003<br>Toronto, Canada |
| Occupation | Actor |
| Years active | 2011–present |


title: Udea nordmani

abstract: Udea nordmani is a species of moth in the family Crambidae. It is found on the Canary Islands.

text:
# Udea nordmani

***Udea nordmani*** is a species of moth in the family Crambidae. It is found on the Canary Islands.

## InfoBox

| *Udea nordmani* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Crambidae |
| Genus: | *Udea* |
| Species: | ***U. nordmani*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Udea nordmani***<br>(Rebel, 1935) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Pionea nordmani* Rebel, 1935 * *Udea nordmani* | |


abstract:
Several bacterial species are named after Greek or Roman mythical figures.
The rules present for species named after a famous person do not apply, although some names are changed in the female nominative case, either by changing the ending to -a or to the diminutive -ella, depending on the name.
  - Acidianus and Janibacter: Janus, a god in Roman mythology with two faces.
  - Amphritea: Amphitrite ('Αμφιτρίτη), a sea-goddess and wife of Poseidon in Greek mythology and one of the 50 daughters of Nereus and Doris.
  - Breoghania: Breogán, the first mythical Celtic king of Gallaecia in Celtic mythology.
  - Chimaereicella: Chimaera (Χίμαιρα), a Greek mythological monstrous fire-breathing female creature with the fore part a lion, in the hinder a serpent, and in the middle a goat.
  - Cronobacter: Cronos (Κρόνος), in Greco-Roman mythology leader of the Titans who swallowed each of his children as soon as they were born, excluding Zeus.
  - Demetria: Demeter, the Greek goddess of harvest.
  - Ekhidna: Echidna (Ἔχιδνα), a slimy woman/snake sea creature in Greek mythology.
  - Eudoraea: Eudora (Εὐδώρα), one of the Hyades in Greek mythology
  - Haliea: Halie (Ἁλίη), a sea nymph, also one of the 50 daughters of Nereus and Doris.
  - Hellea: Helle (Ἕλλη), a Greek sea goddess.
  - Melitea: Melite (Μελίτη), one of the naiads, daughter of the river god Aegaeus, and one of the many loves of Zeus and his son Heracles. Her son was Hylas.
  - Neptuniibacter and Neptunomonas: Neptunius, the Roman god of the sea, equivalent of the Greek Poseidon.
  - Nereida: A Nereid, which are sea nymphs daughters of Nereus.
  - Nisaea: Nicaea, a sea nymph and daughter of the river-god Sangarius and Cybele.
  - Opitutus: Ops, a Roman Earth and harvest goddess married to Saturn. Equivalent of the Greek Rhea.
  - Pandoraea: Pandora (Πανδώρα), the first woman who opened a jar, known as Pandora's box releasing evil into the world, in Greek mythology.
  - Persephonella: Persephone, is the daughter of Zeus and the harvest goddess Demeter, and queen of the underworld; she was abducted by Hades the king of the underworld.
  - Proteus and Thermoproteus: Proteus (Πρωτεύς), an early sea-god able to change himself into different shapes.
  - Telluria: Tellus, a Roman goddess personifying the Earth.
  - Vampirovibrio: A vampire, mythological beings who subsist by feeding on the life essence of other creatures.
  - Vulcanibacillus, Vulcanisaeta and Vulcanithermus: Vulcanus, the Roman god of fire.

text:
# List of bacterial genera named after mythological figures

Several bacterial species are named after Greek or Roman mythical figures. The rules present for species named after a famous person do not apply, although some names are changed in the female nominative case, either by changing the ending to -a or to the diminutive -ella, depending on the name.

* names after mythology in LPSN; Parte, Aidan C.; Sardà Carbasse, Joaquim; Meier-Kolthoff, Jan P.; Reimer, Lorenz C.; Göker, Markus (1 November 2020). "List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) moves to the DSMZ". *International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology*. **70** (11): 5607–5612. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.004332.


title: Matthew 25: Ministries

abstract: Matthew 25: Ministries is an international humanitarian aid and disaster relief organization headquartered in Blue Ash, Ohio, US. Matthew 25: Ministries provides humanitarian aid and disaster relief to the poor throughout the US and around the world. Matthew 25 collects excess products from corporations and manufacturers as well as the general public and ships these donations to those in need.

text:
# Matthew 25: Ministries

**Matthew 25: Ministries** is an international humanitarian aid and disaster relief organization headquartered in Blue Ash, Ohio, US. Matthew 25: Ministries provides humanitarian aid and disaster relief to the poor throughout the US and around the world. Matthew 25 collects excess products from corporations and manufacturers as well as the general public and ships these donations to those in need.

## Mission

Matthew 25: Ministries’ mission is based on Matthew 25:34–25:40. Matthew 25: Ministries provides food, water, clothing, shelter, medical care and humanitarian supplies to the poor. Matthew 25 supports education by shipping school supplies to children and providing micro-enterprise opportunities for adults.

## History

Matthew 25: Ministries began as the result of a trip that Founder and President Reverend Wendell Mettey made with a group of doctors and nurses to Nicaragua in 1990.

Seeing the poverty there, Pastor Mettey felt he needed to find a way to help the people of Nicaragua. He was able to develop a system to collect and redistribute food, clothing, personal care, cleaning, medical, and educational supplies which were no longer useful by US standards.

Since 1991, Matthew 25 has established partners throughout the United States and around the world. Matthew 25 has grown from a small group of individuals carrying supplies in suitcases to an international humanitarian aid and disaster relief organization distributing over 14,000,000 pounds of products around the world each year. In 2012, Matthew 25 surpassed one billion dollars in aid shipped around the world since 1991. In 2014 Matthew 25: Ministries topped 7,000 containers shipped, welcomed 80,000 visitors to the Global Village, and added an additional 46,000 square feet of warehouse space to the now 170,000 square foot facility.

Following Rev. Mettey's retirement from Matthew 25: Ministries, in 2018 the organization entered into a license agreement with him to pay him $162,000 per year in order to license works based on his name, image, likeness, as well as Rev. Mettet's past and future published and unpublished works. Later the same year, the organization entered into an agreement to reimburse Rev. Mattey and his spouse up to $100,000 of medical expenses per year, in addition to the licensing fees. Rev. Mettey is the father of the organization's chief executive officer Tim Metty.

## Programs

Matthew 25: Ministries' primary distribution program is "Caring For a Needy World With the Things We Throw Away." Through this program, Matthew 25 distributes clothing, medical supplies, personal care items, school supplies, food and beverages, household supplies, cleaning products, reblended paint and micro-enterprise supplies. In addition to providing ongoing humanitarian aid, Matthew 25: Ministries has developed a number of programs designed to meet specific needs throughout the US and worldwide:

* Matthew 25's "Food Processing Center" produces a shelf-stable, nutritionally enhanced rice/soy blend for $0.10 a meal. As of 2014, Matthew 25: Ministries has produced 7,000,000 meals to date.
* Matthew 25's "Grow Right Micronutrient Supplement" enhances children's nutritional health by providing 15 micronutrients in a powdered drink formula.

* Matthew 25's "Write Your Future" program supports education through the manufacture of school notebooks and the packaging of Education Kits for children. The Pencil Manufacturing Center produces full-sized pencils from recycled materials that support the program, which enhances the learning environment for disadvantaged children by providing them with the basic supplies that are essential to literacy and education.
* Matthew 25's "Fill Center" repackages detergent and soap into ready-to-use liquid products.
* Matthew 25's "Rainbow Paint Reblending Program" collects and reblends latex paint from municipalities, environmental companies, paint manufacturers, painting contractors, paint & hardware stores and individuals and redistributes it to underdeveloped areas and to developing countries.
* Matthew 25's "Building a New Life" program supports the construction of houses and the development of communities in Nicaragua and Haiti.
* Matthew 25's "Disaster Relief Services" provide relief, recovery and rebuilding support to areas effected by natural disasters.
* Matthew 25's "Global Village Experience" is a three-dimensional replica of a third world village and shows the living conditions and lifestyle of the poor. In January 2013, Matthew 25 expanded the Global Village Experience to more accurately portray living conditions around the world with a specific focus on American Indian reservations, Appalachia, and a developing country garbage dump. Matthew 25 also incorporated the devastating effects of natural disasters by adding life-size displays of floods, tsunamis, earthquakes, hurricanes and other disasters to which Matthew 25: Ministries has responded. In 2014, Matthew 25: Ministries welcomed 80,000 visitors to the Global Village.

## Volunteerism

Matthew 25: Ministries relies on volunteers to assist in their work. The majority of the donated goods received are evaluated, sorted, and processed by volunteers in preparation for shipment to various parts of the world. In 2014 nearly 50,000 volunteers donated their time serving those in need at Matthew 25: Ministries.

## Disaster response and relief

Matthew 25: Ministries works with partners in the affected areas in order to assist those in need.

Matthew 25: Ministries ships pre-sorted, pre-processed, requested items that are appropriate and needed to the disaster area. This ensures that the products will bring relief to the victims instead of creating additional work for the responders in the area. According to the United Nations Disaster Relief Organization, "The impulsive generosity of governments, organizations, and individuals alike can cause as much chaos and confusion as the disaster itself."

Matthew 25: Ministries has responded to a variety of natural disasters including: Hurricane Katrina, the 2010 Haiti earthquake, the 2011 Japan earthquake and tsunami, the 2012 Colorado wildfires, Hurricane Sandy, the 2013 Moore tornado, Typhoon Haiyan in 2013, and the Ebola outbreak in Liberia in 2014.

## Affiliations

Matthew 25: Ministries maintains the following professional affiliations and associations:

## Rankings

* Matthew 25: Ministries is ranked highly on Forbes' list of the 20 Most Efficient Large Charities in the US.
* Matthew 25: Ministries is also ranked in the Top Five four-star charities on Charity Navigator.
* Matthew 25: Ministries is accredited by the Better Business Bureau through the "Wise Giving Alliance Standards".
* Matthew 25: Ministries participates in the Combined Federal Campaign, the Federal Government's workplace philanthropy program that requires all non-profit participants to meet the highest standards of transparency and efficiency in the industry.

## Further reading

*Are Not My People Worthy? The story of Matthew 25: Ministries*, Hardcover, Publisher: Providence House Publishers (July 2004), ISBN 1577363213; ISBN 978-1577363217

*What God Desires: The Story of the Center of Humanitarian Aid and Disaster Relief*, Hardcover, Publisher: Providence House Publishers (March 15, 2008), ISBN 1577364104; ISBN 978-1577364108

## InfoBox

Matthew 25: Ministries
| Formation | 1995 (1995) |
| --- | --- |
| Type | 501(c)(3) |
| Tax ID no. | 31-1348100 |
| Legal status | Nonprofit organization |
| Purpose | Humanitarian Aid and Disaster Relief |
| Headquarters | Blue Ash, Ohio, U.S. |
| Coordinates | 39°15′58″N 84°22′25″W / 39.266109°N 84.373478°W / 39.266109; -84.373478 |
| Region served | North America, Central America, Caribbean, South America, Sub-Saharan Africa |
| Founder | Rev. Wendell Mettey |
| Chief Executive Officer | Tim Mettey |
| Chairman | Michael Brandy Jr. |
| Subsidiaries | M25M Haiti, LLC |
| Revenue (2020) | $336,909,031 |
| Expenses (2020) | $270,990,977 |
| Website | m25m.org |


title: Louis Édouard Paul Lieutard

abstract: Louis Édouard Paul Lieutard was a French Navy officer. He notably set a formal claim for France on the Kerguelen Islands in 1893. Mont Lieutard was named in his honour.

text:
# Louis Édouard Paul Lieutard

**Louis Édouard Paul Lieutard** (Brignoles, 21 June 1842 — 23 October 1902) was a French Navy officer. He notably set a formal claim for France on the Kerguelen Islands in 1893. Mont Lieutard was named in his honour.

## Biography

Lieutard joined the Navy in 1859. He was promoted to Midshipman at Toulon in 1861, to Ensign in 1865, and to Lieutenant in 1865.

He served on the aviso *Vaudreuil*, the armoured frigate *Gauloise*, and the armoured frigate *Provence*.

In 1884, he was given command of the schooner *Aorai* at Tahiti, and was promoted to Commander the year after. After working ashore at Toulon for several years, he was given command of the gunboat *Fusée* in 1891.

In 1892, Lieutard was given command of *Eure*. From 1 to 15 January 1893, he conducted a mission to formally claim possession of the Kerguelen Islands for France. The crew of *Eure* set copper plaques and emergency food depots for castaways in various sports of the islands.

Lieutard went on to captain the paddle aviso *Shamrock*, and served as director or port moves in Toulon and Brest.

## Works

* Lieutard, Louis Édourd Paul (1893). "Mission aux îles de Kerguelen, Saint-Paul et Amsterdam". *Annales Hydrographiques*. **15**. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale. OCLC 41816068.

## Sources and references

**Notes**

**References**

1. "Mont Lieutard". *getamap*. Retrieved 2 June 2020.
2. Rouxel.
3. "Kerguelen L'aviso Eure à Port Christmas TAAF Terres australes antarctiques". *Envelopmer - le courrier des marins*. 3 October 2013. Retrieved 2 June 2020.

**External links**


title: Æsa Sigurjónsdóttir

abstract: Æsa Sigurjónsdóttir is an Icelander art curator. She specializes in contemporary art, photography, history of photography and fashion. She is full professor of art history and art theory at the University of Iceland.

text:
# Æsa Sigurjónsdóttir

**Æsa Sigurjónsdóttir** (born 23 September 1959 in Reykjavík) is an Icelander art curator. She specializes in contemporary art, photography, history of photography and fashion. She is full professor of art history and art theory at the University of Iceland.

## Career and works

Æsa Sigurjónsdóttir began her career as an independent researcher and free-lance curator. She became an assistant professor in Art history at the University of Iceland in 2008.

She has written extensively on modern and contemporary art, photography, history of photography, and fashion, and has been the curator for several exhibitions related to Icelandic art in various European countries.

She has been chairman of board of the University of Iceland Art Museum since 2015.

She received the Fjöruverðlaunin price in 2009 in the category "Best non-fiction".

### Books and major articles

* Transmettre l’art – Figures et méthodes – Quelle histoire ? Paris: Les presses du reel, 2013
* "The New Nordic Cool: Björk, Icelandic Fashion, and Art Today" in *Fashion Theory*, 2011
* "Nation, nature, reality"*. The history of art in Iceland from late 19th century to the beginning of the 21st century,* Vol 2, National Museum of Iceland, 2011
* Icelandic Art Today, Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz, 2009

### Curator and co-curator

* Feckless and Hotheaded, Galerie Raum mit Licht, Vienna, 2016 -
* Marginalia – texts, sketches, and doodles in Kjarval's art, Reykjavik Art Museum, 2015
* Re-construction of Friendship, Corner House, Riga European Capital of Culture, 2014
* Tracks in Sand, retrospective of sculptor Sigurjón Ólafsson, National Gallery Iceland, 2014
* FNAGP (Fondation Nationale des Arts Graphiques et Plastiques), Paris, 2014
* Reality Check, Reykjavík Art Festival 2010
* Dreams of the Sublime in Contemporary Icelandic Art in Bozar, Brussels and Reykjavik Art Museum 2008

She has worked with a number of artists including Anne Herzog, Bryndís Snæbjörnsdóttir & Mark Wilson, Halldór Ásgeirsson, Icelandic Love Corporation, Kristleifur Björnsson, Olga Bergmann, Ólöf Nordal, Pétur Thomsen, Sigurður Guðmundson, Sigurður Guðjónsson, Hlynur Hállsson Spessi, et al.

## InfoBox

| Æsa Sigurjónsdóttir | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1959-09-23) 23 September 1959
Iceland |
| Alma mater | Paris Panthéon-Sorbonne, art history
University of Iceland, history |
| Occupation(s) | Art curator
Chairman of the Art Museum of the University of Iceland
Associate professor of art history and theory, University of Iceland |
| Website | starfsfolk.hi.is/en/simaskra/4408 |


title: Ottos mops

abstract: ottos mops [Eng: Otto's pug] is a poem by, Austrian poet Ernst Jandl. It is thought to have been written on the 20th of November, 1963, and was first published in 1970 in Jandl's volume Der künstliche Baum [Eng: the artificial tree]. The poem is made up of simple sentences of two to four words that contain exclusively the vowel "o". It tells the story of a short episode in the life of a dog and its owner: after Otto sends his badly behaved pug away, he begins to miss it and calls it back. The reaction of the returning pug is, however, not quite what is expected: it vomits. Ottos mops is one of Jandl's most famous humorous poems. The author himself labelled it a 'Sprechgedicht': a poem that creates its particular effect best when read aloud. It is frequently used in German schools as an example of concrete poetry, and has inspired several imitations by other poets, and by children.

text:
# Ottos mops

***ottos mops*** \[Eng: Otto's pug\] is a poem by, Austrian poet Ernst Jandl. It is thought to have been written on the 20th of November, 1963, and was first published in 1970 in Jandl's volume *Der künstliche Baum* \[Eng: the artificial tree\]. The poem is made up of simple sentences of two to four words that contain exclusively the vowel "o". It tells the story of a short episode in the life of a dog and its owner: after Otto sends his badly behaved pug away, he begins to miss it and calls it back. The reaction of the returning pug is, however, not quite what is expected: it vomits.

*Ottos mops* is one of Jandl's most famous humorous poems. The author himself labelled it a 'Sprechgedicht': a poem that creates its particular effect best when read aloud. It is frequently used in German schools as an example of concrete poetry, and has inspired several imitations by other poets, and by children.

## Content and style

Ernst Jandl's ***ottos mops*** and Elizabeth MacKiernan's ***Lulu's Pooch
*** ***link to full text***

(please observe copyright laws)

*ottos mops* is made up of 14 lines divided into three stanzas. At the beginning, a badly behaved pug is sent away by his owner, Otto.

"ottos mops trotzt
otto: fort mops fort
ottos mops hopst fort"
\[otto's pug defies him
otto: away pug away
otto's pug hops away\]

Otto comments on the fact that the pug follows his command with the word "soso". Then he completes every-day activities, such as fetching coke and fruit. After a while, he listens for the pug, calls it, and hopes that it returns. The pug knocks, and is greeted joyfully by Otto, but its reaction is unexpected:

"ottos mops kommt
ottos mops kotzt
otto: ogottogott"
\[otto's pug comes
otto's pug pukes
otto: ohgodohgod\]

Because the sound of the poem is so important, a literal translation such as that above does not do it justice. Translations of *ottos mops* therefore tend to carry the basic structure of the poem into other languages, conveying Jandl's word play freely. As such, Elizabeth MacKiernan translated *ottos mops* for the US-American Jandl poetry collection *Reft and Light* as *Lulu's Pooch.* In 2005, the online service *sightandsight.com* held a competition to translate *ottos mops* in honor of Jandl's 80th birthday. Scottish scholar of German Brian O. Murdoch won with his poem "fritz's bitch".

## Text analysis

The most striking feature of the poem *ottos mops* is that it is univocalic: all the words contain only the vowel "o", while consonant selection remains free. This radically restricts word choice. It does not make word choice strictly serial in the sense of generative poetics, but rather allows the composition of a text under a variety of possibilities, which tells a particular story. The poem is composed of 41 words with o-assonance, but is only built out of 15 different root words that are continually repeated. There are only two acting characters: Otto and the pug. They are assigned verbs that appear in the first person singular indicative present tense, the only exception to this being the imperative "komm" \[Eng: come\] with which Otto calls his pug back, and which stands out because it is repeated.The only punctuation mark used is the colon, to introduce direct speech. By not using punctuation in his works, Jandl refers to Gertrude Stein's idea that commas get in the way of the reader's activity and autonomy when their only function is to make reading easier. Equally characteristic for Jandl is that the poem is written entirely in lowercase, which has a visual function in his poetry, where capital letters are reserved for special emphasis. In German, every noun is capitalized – in contrast to English, which only uses capitals for proper nouns – so this is even more striking.

Every line of the poem begins with the anaphor "otto", or the possessive (genitive) "ottos". Even in the title, the pug follows directly, in a combination that is repeated five times in the poem, and which underlines the close relationship between the two characters. The sentences are short, sometimes elliptical, and consist of two to a maximum of four words. In their simplicity they are reminiscent of the words of a young child. The individual words are monosyllabic, with the exception of "otto" and his comments "soso" and "ogottogott", which stand out because they are polysyllabic and because they are reduplicated. The pug is the grammatical subject of five sentences. The first and last stanzas of the poem show the pug's actions, which are commented on by Otto, who himself first becomes the agent in the middle of the stanza. Because of this, the first and last stanzas are syntactically analogous, but they contrast semantically: the growing distance between Otto and his pug in the first four lines is juxtaposed with the parallel return of the dog at the end. The line "ottos mops kotzt" rhymes with the first line "ottos mops trotzt", linking the beginning and the end of the poem and making the end the consequence of the beginning.

## Interpretation

Although *ottos mops* is frequently mentioned in poetry studies, there have been relatively few studies which focus exclusively on *ottos mops*.

### Order and revolt

For the German scholar Andreas Brandtner, the title already shows the relationship between Otto and the pug: the possessive genitive assigns and subordinates the pug to Otto. In addition, the pug is only ever referred to by its breed, which, being a traditional domestic dog, further suggests that Otto is the pug's master. This situation is disrupted by the rebelliousness of the defiant pug, without any explanation of what exactly the pug is rebelling against. After Otto has sent the pug away, the conflict subsides for a while, while Otto is distracted by other activities. However, it is not long before he regrets sending the pug away. He calls to the pug, and his hope that it will return reveals their inner bond. Otto's listening tension is answered by the pug knocking in the third stanza. For a moment, it seems as though the conflict will be resolved, due to the pug's obedience. But the pug vomits, which breaks this accord and refers back to the pug's original defiance: in an instinctive act, the dog continues its attitude of defiance. Otto's rather indifferent or even threatening "soso" gives way to an appalled "ogottogott", an exclamation which contains the palindrome "otto".

Brandtner sees two levels at the core of the poem: the communication between human and animal, between master and hound, whose effectiveness is questioned; and the power relationship of the character constellation and its reference to real social-historic processes. According to Brandtner, this places *ottos mops* within the tradition of Jandl's other poetry, which, in the broadest sense, can always be understood as critical of society and language. At the same time, a democratic perspective is also inherent in *ottos mops*: the simple style encourages the reader to develop their own language games, and opens up participation in the production of poetry to the reader, in accordance with the avant-garde belief that art should play a role in everyday life.

### Humor and poetry

The German scholar Anne Uhrmacher, who wrote a dissertation on Jandl's poetry, feels that what differentiates *ottos mops* from the many adaptions that came as a consequence of its growing popularity is the form of humor that is different from the wit and irony of many attempts in the same style. She quotes Ludwig Reiners: "Wit laughs, humor smiles. Wit is ingenious, humor is affectionate. Wit sparkles, humor is radiant." In this sense, according to Uhrmacher, Jandl's humor, which is expressed in Otto's longing for the pug as well as in the comfort of the little world described, is far more than just witty word play.

Jandl himself differentiated the cheerful tone of poems such as *ottos mops* from the "grim" and "grotesque" humor of other texts. These, he argued, are poems "where people are right to laugh and where you don’t notice any controversial intentions."

Dieter Burdorf, another German scholar, sees a different form of humor in *ottos mops*. The poem reminds him of the slapstick humor of early silent films or of comic strips. Thus the comedy arises here not from the trivial content, but rather from the sound structure. The "o" sound is an exclamation of astonishment. The facial expression that the performer adopts, with rounded mouth for the "o", invites cabaret-like exaggeration in the opening and closing of the lips, and this itself was adopted by Jandl himself in the performance of the poem. Hans Mayer also discusses Jandl's elocution: "For children, Ernst Jandl’s concrete poetry was always immediately evident. \[...\] When Jandl himself recites it, children imitate him." Volker Hage feels that nobody could "shout out, whisper, celebrate, stutter, twist, chop up, spit out or caress their own lines" like Jandl. For him, *ottos mops* sounds as though it is structured like a nursery rhyme.

In her commentary on *ottos* mops, Jandl's life companion Friederike Mayröcker referred to "the author’s linguistic analysis of a vowel: he sings the high praises of O, of O-animal, of O-God, ohgodohgod, of the dog owner Otto, of the pug, who found his way back home, and we all laugh and cry". She sees the reader as being affected by a naive sympathy for both the owner of the pug and the pug itself: they are brought back to their early childhood experiences with animals. In the lines of the poem, a transition is accomplished "that succeeds afresh every time, namely from love of the vowel, to the reality of the image; from belief in the O for the revelation of poetry".

## Position in Jandl's works

*Ottos mops* was not Jandl's first attempt at writing poems which used only one vowel. In August 1963 he wrote *das große e* \[Eng: the great e\], a cycle of nine poems that are consistently based around the vowel "e", and in 1963/4 he penned a poem dominated by the vowel "a", *mal franz mal anna (drama*) \[Eng: now franz, now anna (drama)\]. Other poems by Jandl are built on the frequent use of a particular consonant, for example the poem *etude in f,* published in June 1956.

In the collection *der künstliche baum*, Jandl sorted his poems according to type, and in doing so differentiated between visual poems and sound poems. *Ottos mops* was placed in the section of "lese- und sprechgedichte" \[Eng: read and spoken poetry\]. In 1957, Jandl said the following of this form of poetry: "The *sprechgedicht* only becomes effective when it is read aloud. The length and intensity of the sounds are fixed in the way they are written. Tension arises through the sequences of short and long sounds \[...\], the hardening of the words through the lack of vowels \[...\], the dismantling of the word and the adding together of its elements to create new expressive groups of sound \[...\], varied repetition of words with the thematically justified addition of new words, up to the explosive ending."

In terms of subject matter, dogs play a big role in Jandl's poetry. Jörg Drews counted 42 poems that mention dogs, which makes up 3% of Jandl's total production.

## Reception

The poetry collection *der künstliche baum* \[Eng: the artificial tree\]*,* in which *ottos mops* was first published, proved to be an immediate sales success. Initially 4,000 books were printed, which rose to 10,000 copies in a further two printings within the first year alone. In the mid-1970s, Jandl himself counted the volume as one of his three standard works. The poem *ottos mops* has also been published in collections of Jandl's poems and in anthologies. It has been incorporated into poetry books for children and young people, adapted into a picture book, published multiple times as an audio and music recording, and it is also the title of a German-language computer game, subtitled "In search of Jandl", which leads the player through Ernst Jandl's poetry. *Ottos mops* has often been performed by others as well as Jandl himself, such as Harry Rowohlt. In short, *ottos mops* became one of Jandl's most famous humorous poems. Robert Gernhardt called it "the second most popular poem of the German tongue \[...\] after Goethe’s *Wanderer's Nightsong*.

## Literature

### Editions

* Ernst Jandl: *der künstliche baum*. Luchterhand, Neuwied 1970, p. 58.
* Ernst Jandl: *ottos mops*. In: Ernst Jandl: *Poetische Werke. Band 4*. Luchterhand, München 1997, ISBN 3-630-86923-8, p. 60.
* Ernst Jandl: *ottos mops hopst*. Ravensburger, Ravensburg 1988, ISBN 3-473-51673-2.
* Ernst Jandl, Norman Junge: *ottos mops*. Beltz, Weinheim 2001, ISBN 3-407-79807-5.
* Ernst Jandl: *Ottos Mops hopst*. Mit Farbradierungen von Erhard Dietl. Cbj, München 2008, ISBN 3-570-13390-7.

### Secondary literature

* Andreas Brandtner: *Von Spiel und Regel. Spuren der Machart in Ernst Jandls* ottos mops. In: Volker Kaukoreit, Kristina Pfoser (Hrsg.): *Interpretationen. Gedichte von Ernst Jandl.* Reclam, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-15-017519-4, p. 73–89.
* Anne Uhrmacher: *Spielarten des Komischen. Ernst Jandl und die Sprache* (= *Germanistische Linguistik*, Band 276). Niemeyer, Tübingen 2007, ISBN 978-3-484-31276-0, p. 138–146 (Dissertation Universität Trier 2005, 244 pages).


title: Paw Paw Building

abstract: Paw Paw Building, also known as Odd Fellows Hall, is a historic building located at Port Deposit, Cecil County, Maryland. It is a two-story, 36-by-40-foot, stone structure covered with plaster, that was built in 1821 by the First Methodist Episcopal congregation. It was used as a church until 1839. It was then used as a school called Heath of Health Academy and later Odd Fellows Academy. It later held a grocery store and "dining salon" until converted for use as an apartment and recreation hall. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.

text:
# Paw Paw Building

**Paw Paw Building**, also known as Odd Fellows Hall, is a historic building located at Port Deposit, Cecil County, Maryland. It is a two-story, 36-by-40-foot (11 by 12 m), stone structure covered with plaster, that was built in 1821 by the First Methodist Episcopal congregation. It was used as a church until 1839. It was then used as a school called Heath of Health Academy and later Odd Fellows Academy. It later held a grocery store and "dining salon" until converted for use as an apartment and recreation hall.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Paw Paw Building | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| Paw Paw Building, July 2013 | |
|  | |
| Location | 98 N. Main St., Port Deposit, Maryland |
| Coordinates | 39°36′28″N 76°7′7″W / 39.60778°N 76.11861°W / 39.60778; -76.11861 |
| Area | 1.5 acres (0.61 ha) |
| Built | 1824 (1824) |
| NRHP reference No. | 77000690 |
| Added to NRHP | November 28, 1977 |


title: Peter Hellings

abstract: General Sir Peter William Cradock Hellings, was a Royal Marines officer who served as Commandant General Royal Marines from 1968 to 1971.

text:
# Peter Hellings

General **Sir Peter William Cradock Hellings**, KCB, DSC, MC, DL (6 September 1916 – 2 November 1990) was a Royal Marines officer who served as Commandant General Royal Marines from 1968 to 1971.

## Military career

Hellings joined the Royal Marines in 1935 and served in the Second World War as a company commander with 40 Commando, being awarded the Distinguished Service Cross in 1940 and the Military Cross during the fighting in Italy in 1943. He was also mentioned in Despatches in 1946 in recognition of his "gallant and distinguished services in North West Europe" during the closing stages of the war.

Shortly after the end of the war, Hellings commanded 41 Commando and 42 Commando. He saw active service in Malaya in the early 1950s during the Malayan Emergency, and in Cyprus during the Cyprus Emergency, for which he was mentioned in despatches in 1958. He was appointed commanding officer of 40 Commando in 1958, commander of 3 Commando Brigade in 1959 and commander of the Infantry Training Centre Royal Marines in 1960. He went on to be Deputy Director of the Joint Warfare School in 1963, Chief of Staff to the Commandant General Royal Marines in 1964 and Commander Portsmouth Group Royal Marines in 1967. His last appointment was as Commandant General Royal Marines in 1968 before retiring in November 1971.

In retirement Hellings became Chairman of the Gas Consumers' Council for the South West, and lived at Milton Combe in Devon.

## InfoBox

| Sir Peter Hellings | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1916-09-06)6 September 1916
Kingston, Surrey, England |
| Died | 2 November 1990(1990-11-02) (aged 74)
Yelverton, Devon, England |
| Allegiance | United Kingdom |
| Service/branch | Royal Marines |
| Years of service | 1935–1971 |
| Rank | General |
| Commands | Commandant General Royal Marines (1968–71)
3 Commando Brigade (1959–60)
40 Commando (1958–59)
42 Commando
41 Commando |
| Battles/wars | Second World War
Malayan Emergency
Cyprus Emergency |
| Awards | Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath
Distinguished Service Cross
Military Cross
Mentioned in Despatches (2) |