title: Swedish realism

abstract: Swedish realism is the period in Swedish literature that encompassed the last two decades of the 19th century. It is generally considered to have ended in the 1910s but the exact year is a matter of debate.

text:
# Swedish realism

**Swedish realism** is the period in Swedish literature that encompassed the last two decades of the 19th century. It is generally considered to have ended in the 1910s but the exact year is a matter of debate.

## August Strindberg

August Strindberg (1849–1912) was a writer world-famous for his dramas and prose, noted for his exceptional talent and complex intellect. In 1879 he published *The Red Room* (*Röda Rummet*), which brought him immediate fame. *The Red Room* was a satirical novel that relentlessly attacked the political, the academic, the philosophical and the religious worlds.

After several harsh disputes, Strindberg left Sweden in 1883. In 1884, he briefly returned to Stockholm to stand trial in a blasphemy case against his collection of short stories *Married* (*Giftas*). He was acquitted, but the trial sparked a psychological turmoil that lasted for some 10 years, during which he wrote some of his internationally best known works: the self-examinatory *Tjänstekvinnans son* (1886–87), *En dåres försvarstal* (1887–87); and also plays *Fadren*, *Fröken Julie* and *Mäster Olof* (1886–88).

In 1897 Strindberg engaged himself in occultism, in particular alchemy, leading to a mental breakdown known as his Inferno-crisis. The following year (1897), Strindberg moved back to Sweden and settled in the city Lund. There, he resurrected his literary production by publishing *Inferno*.

In 1898, Strindberg moved back to Stockholm. He continued writing but also engaged himself energetically in debates in a wide range of subjects. His most notable writings during this period were his dramas, such as *The Dance of Death* (1900) and *A Dream Play* (1901).

## The 90s poets

The Swedish 1890s is noted for its poetic neo-romanticism, a reaction to the socio-realistic literature of the 1880s. The first literary key figure to emerge was Verner von Heidenstam (1859–1940), and his literary debut in 1887 with the collection of poetry *Vallfart och vandringsår* (Pilgrimage and Wander-Years).

Selma Lagerlöf (1858–1940) was the arguably brightest star of the 1890s, and her impression has lasted up to modern times. She wrote several highly regarded works which are still among the toplists on Swedish libraries, such as *Gösta Berlings saga* (1891), an epic tale of the unmoral Gösta Berling who gets haunted by the Devil, and *The Wonderful Adventures of Nils* (1906–1907), a geographical adventure of Nils who travels Sweden on the back of a goose. Lagerlöf was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1909 for the imagination and spiritual perception that characterized her writings.

Gustaf Fröding (1860–1911) was another key figure of the 1890s. His active literary period only spanned between 1891 and 1898, because of mental problems. Fröding was above all renowned for his flowing poetry. His popularity was at first based on his bubbling sense of humor and free treatment of the poetic verse; but later readers also found in it a profound humanism and imaginative depth.

Erik Axel Karlfeldt (1864–1931) was, like Fröding, a depictor of rural life in his native province (in Karlfeldt's case, Dalarna). His poetry had the intention of sparking a cultural identity within Dalarna, and spoke warmly of traditions, family values, and so on. Although his poetry was narrow, Karlfeldt was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1931 (posthumously), possibly as a result of internal politics within the Swedish Academy.

## Notes and references

* Algulin, Ingemar, *A History of Swedish Literature*, published by the Swedish Institute, 1989. ISBN 91-520-0239-X
* Gustafson, Alrik, *A History of Swedish Literature* (2 volumes), 1961.
* Swedish Institute, Modern Literature, accessed October 17, 2006
* Tigerstedt, E.N., *Svensk litteraturhistoria* (Tryckindustri AB, Solna, 1971)


abstract: The men's 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay event at the 2010 Asian Games took place on 16 November 2010 at Guangzhou Aoti Aquatics Centre. There were 15 teams who took part in this event. Two heats were held. The heat in which a team competed did not formally matter for advancement, as the teams with the top eight times from the both field qualified for the finals. China won the gold medal.

text:
# Swimming at the 2010 Asian Games – Men's 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay

The **men's 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay** event at the 2010 Asian Games took place on 16 November 2010 at Guangzhou Aoti Aquatics Centre.

There were 15 teams who took part in this event. Two heats were held. The heat in which a team competed did not formally matter for advancement, as the teams with the top eight times from the both field qualified for the finals.

China won the gold medal.

## Schedule

All times are China Standard Time (UTC+08:00)

| Date | Time | Event |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Tuesday, 16 November 2010 | 10:23 | Heats |
| | 19:35 | Final |

## Records

Prior to this competition, the existing world, Asian and Games records were as follows.

| **World Record** | United States | **3:08.24** | Beijing, China | 11 August 2008 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Asian Record** | Japan | **3:14.73** | Hong Kong | 8 December 2009 |
| **Games Record** | Japan | **3:18.95** | Doha, Qatar | 5 December 2006 |

## Results

Legend * **DNS** — Did not start

### Heats

| Rank | Heat | Team | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 1 | China (CHN) | 3:18.80 | **GR** |
|  |  | Chen Zuo | 50.22 |  |
|  |  | Liu Junwu | 49.65 |  |
|  |  | Shi Runqiang | 49.53 |  |
|  |  | Jiang Haiqi | 49.40 |  |
| 2 | 2 | Japan (JPN) | 3:19.11 |  |
|  |  | Yuki Kobori | 50.68 |  |
|  |  | Rammaru Harada | 49.30 |  |
|  |  | Shunsuke Kuzuhara | 49.52 |  |
|  |  | Yoshihiro Okumura | 49.61 |  |
| 3 | 2 | South Korea (KOR) | 3:24.33 |  |
|  |  | Jung Won-yong | 52.54 |  |
|  |  | Kim Min-gyu | 51.52 |  |
|  |  | Lee Hyun-seung | 50.32 |  |
|  |  | Park Min-kyu | 49.95 |  |
| 4 | 2 | Kazakhstan (KAZ) | 3:25.01 |  |
|  |  | Artur Dilman | 51.12 |  |
|  |  | Oleg Rabota | 51.97 |  |
|  |  | Alexandr Ivanov | 51.57 |  |
|  |  | Stanislav Kuzmin | 50.35 |  |
| 5 | 2 | Hong Kong (HKG) | 3:25.27 |  |
|  |  | David Wong | 50.93 |  |
|  |  | Derick Ng | 51.52 |  |
|  |  | Kent Cheung | 51.54 |  |
|  |  | Lum Ching Tat | 51.28 |  |
| 6 | 1 | Philippines (PHI) | 3:27.32 |  |
|  |  | Daniel Coakley | 52.10 |  |
|  |  | Miguel Molina | 51.09 |  |
|  |  | Jessie Lacuna | 51.90 |  |
|  |  | Charles Walker | 52.23 |  |
| 7 | 2 | Uzbekistan (UZB) | 3:27.43 |  |
|  |  | Daniil Tulupov | 51.18 |  |
|  |  | Dmitriy Shvetsov | 52.99 |  |
|  |  | Aleksey Derlyugov | 51.53 |  |
|  |  | Petr Romashkin | 51.73 |  |
| 8 | 2 | Singapore (SIN) | 3:27.92 |  |
|  |  | Joshua Lim | 52.66 |  |
|  |  | Nicholas Tan | 52.99 |  |
|  |  | Danny Yeo | 51.00 |  |
|  |  | Clement Lim | 51.27 |  |
| 9 | 1 | Iran (IRI) | 3:28.05 |  |
|  |  | Soroush Khajegi | 52.89 |  |
|  |  | Pasha Vahdati | 52.51 |  |
|  |  | Saeid Maleka Ashtiani | 51.31 |  |
|  |  | Mohammad Bidarian | 51.34 |  |
| 10 | 1 | India (IND) | 3:29.71 |  |
|  |  | Aaron D'Souza | 51.93 |  |
|  |  | Arjun Jayaprakash | 53.22 |  |
|  |  | Anshul Kothari | 52.91 |  |
|  |  | Virdhawal Khade | 51.65 |  |
| 11 | 2 | Malaysia (MAS) | 3:32.69 |  |
|  |  | Foo Jian Beng | 51.93 |  |
|  |  | Daniel Bego | 51.47 |  |
|  |  | Kevin Yeap | 54.23 |  |
|  |  | Kevin Lim | 55.06 |  |
| 12 | 1 | Indonesia (INA) | 3:40.06 |  |
|  |  | Glenn Victor Sutanto | 59.27 |  |
|  |  | Triady Fauzi Sidiq | 53.21 |  |
|  |  | Guntur Pratama Putera | 52.86 |  |
|  |  | I Gede Siman Sudartawa | 54.72 |  |
| 13 | 1 | Macau (MAC) | 3:44.39 |  |
|  |  | Lao Kuan Fong | 54.79 |  |
|  |  | Chou Kit | 58.00 |  |
|  |  | Lei Cheok Fong | 53.94 |  |
|  |  | Chong Cheok Kuan | 57.66 |  |
| 14 | 2 | Qatar (QAT) | 3:51.56 |  |
|  |  | Ahmed Atari | 56.49 |  |
|  |  | Mohammed Al-Mahmoud | 58.46 |  |
|  |  | Abdulrahman Al-Ollan | 58.96 |  |
|  |  | Mohammed Hassan | 57.65 |  |
|  | 1 | Athletes from Kuwait (IOC) | DNS |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |

### Final

| Rank | Team | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | China (CHN) | 3:16.34 | **GR** |
|  | Shi Tengfei | 49.80 |  |
|  | Jiang Haiqi | 48.71 |  |
|  | Shi Runqiang | 49.25 |  |
|  | Lü Zhiwu | 48.58 |  |
|  | Japan (JPN) | 3:16.78 |  |
|  | Takuro Fujii | 49.10 |  |
|  | Rammaru Harada | 49.16 |  |
|  | Shunsuke Kuzuhara | 49.26 |  |
|  | Sho Uchida | 49.26 |  |
|  | South Korea (KOR) | 3:19.02 |  |
|  | Kim Yong-sik | 50.51 |  |
|  | Bae Joon-mo | 49.94 |  |
|  | Park Seon-kwan | 50.04 |  |
|  | Park Tae-hwan | 48.53 |  |
| 4 | Kazakhstan (KAZ) | 3:23.54 |  |
|  | Artur Dilman | 50.77 |  |
|  | Oleg Rabota | 51.53 |  |
|  | Alexandr Ivanov | 51.06 |  |
|  | Stanislav Kuzmin | 50.18 |  |
| 5 | Hong Kong (HKG) | 3:24.55 |  |
|  | David Wong | 50.89 |  |
|  | Derick Ng | 51.24 |  |
|  | Kent Cheung | 52.09 |  |
|  | Lum Ching Tat | 50.33 |  |
| 6 | Uzbekistan (UZB) | 3:25.56 |  |
|  | Daniil Tulupov | 50.70 |  |
|  | Dmitriy Shvetsov | 52.65 |  |
|  | Aleksey Derlyugov | 50.71 |  |
|  | Petr Romashkin | 51.50 |  |
| 7 | Philippines (PHI) | 3:26.90 |  |
|  | Charles Walker | 52.26 |  |
|  | Daniel Coakley | 52.03 |  |
|  | Jessie Lacuna | 51.54 |  |
|  | Miguel Molina | 50.97 |  |
| 8 | Singapore (SIN) | 3:27.49 |  |
|  | Nicholas Tan | 53.09 |  |
|  | Joshua Lim | 52.43 |  |
|  | Clement Lim | 50.83 |  |
|  | Danny Yeo | 51.14 |  |

## InfoBox

| Men's 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay <br>at the 2010 Asian Games | |
| --- | --- |
| Venue | Aoti Aquatics Centre |
| Date | 16 November 2010 |
| Competitors | 64 from 15 nations |
| Winning time | 3:16.34 **GR** |
| Medalists | |
|  | |
|


abstract: The women's 100 metre backstroke event at the 2010 Asian Games took place on 17 November 2010 at Guangzhou Aoti Aquatics Centre. There were 17 competitors from 13 countries who took part in this event. Three heats were held, the heat in which a swimmer competed did not formally matter for advancement, as the swimmers with the top eight times from the entire field qualified for the finals. Zhao Jing and Gao Chang from China won the gold and bronze medal respectively, Japanese swimmer Shiho Sakai won the silver medal.

text:
# Swimming at the 2010 Asian Games – Women's 100 metre backstroke

The **women's 100 metre backstroke** event at the 2010 Asian Games took place on 17 November 2010 at Guangzhou Aoti Aquatics Centre.

There were 17 competitors from 13 countries who took part in this event. Three heats were held, the heat in which a swimmer competed did not formally matter for advancement, as the swimmers with the top eight times from the entire field qualified for the finals.

Zhao Jing and Gao Chang from China won the gold and bronze medal respectively, Japanese swimmer Shiho Sakai won the silver medal.

## Schedule

All times are China Standard Time (UTC+08:00)

| Date | Time | Event |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Wednesday, 17 November 2010 | 10:01 | Heats |
| | 18:58 | Final |

## Records

Prior to this competition, the existing world, Asian and Games records were as follows.

| **World Record** | Gemma Spofforth (GBR) | **58.12** | Rome, Italy | 28 July 2009 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Asian Record** | Zhao Jing (CHN) | **58.94** | Guangzhou, China | 13 November 2010 |
| **Games Record** | Zhao Jing (CHN) | **58.94** | Guangzhou, China | 13 November 2010 |

## Results

### Heats

| Rank | Heat | Athlete | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 3 | Shiho Sakai (JPN) | 1:00.42 |  |
| 2 | 3 | Aya Terakawa (JPN) | 1:01.58 |  |
| 3 | 1 | Gao Chang (CHN) | 1:02.49 |  |
| 4 | 2 | Zhao Jing (CHN) | 1:03.05 |  |
| 5 | 3 | Claudia Lau (HKG) | 1:03.49 |  |
| 6 | 3 | Shana Lim (SIN) | 1:03.73 |  |
| 7 | 1 | Yulduz Kuchkarova (UZB) | 1:04.01 |  |
| 8 | 2 | Ham Chan-mi (KOR) | 1:04.29 |  |
| 9 | 2 | Lee Joo-hyung (KOR) | 1:05.01 |  |
| 10 | 1 | Chan Kah Yan (MAS) | 1:05.27 |  |
| 11 | 2 | Chen Ting (TPE) | 1:05.50 |  |
| 12 | 1 | Yekaterina Rudenko (KAZ) | 1:05.63 |  |
| 13 | 3 | Kuan Weng I (MAC) | 1:08.93 |  |
| 14 | 3 | Chavisa Thaveesupsoonthorn (THA) | 1:09.08 |  |
| 15 | 1 | Erica Vong (MAC) | 1:09.34 |  |
| 16 | 2 | Nguyễn Thị Kim Tuyến (VIE) | 1:09.87 |  |
| 17 | 2 | Enegül Meredowa (TKM) | 1:34.68 |  |

### Final

| Rank | Athlete | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Zhao Jing (CHN) | 59.20 |  |
|  | Shiho Sakai (JPN) | 59.87 |  |
|  | Gao Chang (CHN) | 59.90 |  |
| 4 | Aya Terakawa (JPN) | 59.92 |  |
| 5 | Claudia Lau (HKG) | 1:02.60 |  |
| 6 | Shana Lim (SIN) | 1:03.10 |  |
| 7 | Yulduz Kuchkarova (UZB) | 1:03.18 |  |
| 8 | Ham Chan-mi (KOR) | 1:03.56 |  |

## InfoBox

| Women's 100 metre backstroke <br>at the 2010 Asian Games | |
| --- | --- |
| Venue | Aoti Aquatics Centre |
| Date | 17 November 2010 |
| Competitors | 17 from 13 nations |
| Winning time | 59.20 |
| Medalists | |
| China  Japan  China | |
|


abstract: The men's 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay event at the 2010 Asian Games took place on 15 November 2010 at Guangzhou Aoti Aquatics Centre. There were 12 teams who took part in this event. Two heats were held. The heat in which a team competed did not formally matter for advancement, as the teams with the top eight times from the both field qualified for the finals. China won the gold medal with 7 minutes 07.68 seconds. Before this Asian games, Japan got all 15 gold medals of men's 4 x 200 metre freestyle relay. It was the first time that Japan didn't win this event in Asian games.

text:
# Swimming at the 2010 Asian Games – Men's 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay

The **men's 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay** event at the 2010 Asian Games took place on 15 November 2010 at Guangzhou Aoti Aquatics Centre.

There were 12 teams who took part in this event. Two heats were held. The heat in which a team competed did not formally matter for advancement, as the teams with the top eight times from the both field qualified for the finals.

China won the gold medal with 7 minutes 07.68 seconds. Before this Asian games, Japan got all 15 gold medals of men's 4 x 200 metre freestyle relay. It was the first time that Japan didn't win this event in Asian games.

## Schedule

All times are China Standard Time (UTC+08:00)

| Date | Time | Event |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Monday, 15 November 2010 | 10:22 | Heats |
| | 19:31 | Final |

## Records

Prior to this competition, the existing world, Asian and Games records were as follows.

| **World Record** | United States | **6:58.55** | Rome, Italy | 31 July 2009 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Asian Record** | Japan | **7:02.26** | Rome, Italy | 31 July 2009 |
| **Games Record** | Japan | **7:14.86** | Doha, Qatar | 4 December 2006 |

## Results

Legend * **DNS** — Did not start
* **DSQ** — Disqualified

### Heats

| Rank | Heat | Team | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 2 | Japan (JPN) | 7:15.57 |  |
|  |  | Yuki Kobori | 1:50.80 |  |
|  |  | Sho Uchida | 1:47.47 |  |
|  |  | Yoshihiro Okumura | 1:48.68 |  |
|  |  | Shunsuke Kuzuhara | 1:48.62 |  |
| 2 | 1 | China (CHN) | 7:19.30 |  |
|  |  | Jiang Haiqi | 1:48.08 |  |
|  |  | Dai Jun | 1:49.66 |  |
|  |  | Jiang Yuhui | 1:50.59 |  |
|  |  | Zhang Enjian | 1:50.97 |  |
| 3 | 1 | South Korea (KOR) | 7:30.96 |  |
|  |  | Jang Sang-jin | 1:51.97 |  |
|  |  | Park Min-kyu | 1:51.33 |  |
|  |  | Kim Yong-sik | 1:51.98 |  |
|  |  | Bae Joon-mo | 1:55.68 |  |
| 4 | 2 | Singapore (SIN) | 7:32.29 |  |
|  |  | Danny Yeo | 1:53.13 |  |
|  |  | Joshua Lim | 1:54.09 |  |
|  |  | Pang Sheng Jun | 1:52.32 |  |
|  |  | Clement Lim | 1:52.75 |  |
| 5 | 1 | Philippines (PHI) | 7:33.52 |  |
|  |  | Jessie Lacuna | 1:52.75 |  |
|  |  | Charles Walker | 1:52.89 |  |
|  |  | Ryan Arabejo | 1:55.47 |  |
|  |  | Miguel Molina | 1:52.41 |  |
| 6 | 2 | Hong Kong (HKG) | 7:35.68 |  |
|  |  | David Wong | 1:51.64 |  |
|  |  | Derick Ng | 1:53.89 |  |
|  |  | Kent Cheung | 1:53.64 |  |
|  |  | Kong Chun Yin | 1:56.51 |  |
| 7 | 2 | Kazakhstan (KAZ) | 7:38.77 |  |
|  |  | Alexandr Ivanov | 1:54.65 |  |
|  |  | Artur Dilman | 1:54.07 |  |
|  |  | Stanislav Kuzmin | 1:55.05 |  |
|  |  | Dmitriy Gordiyenko | 1:55.00 |  |
| 8 | 2 | Malaysia (MAS) | 7:39.54 |  |
|  |  | Daniel Bego | 1:51.26 |  |
|  |  | Kevin Yeap | 1:53.84 |  |
|  |  | Foo Jian Beng | 1:55.41 |  |
|  |  | Kevin Lim | 1:59.03 |  |
| 9 | 1 | Uzbekistan (UZB) | 7:39.62 |  |
|  |  | Petr Romashkin | 1:53.92 |  |
|  |  | Aleksey Derlyugov | 1:55.11 |  |
|  |  | Sobitjon Amilov | 1:54.37 |  |
|  |  | Danil Bugakov | 1:54.22 |  |
| 10 | 1 | India (IND) | 7:40.03 |  |
|  |  | Aaron D'Souza | 1:53.17 |  |
|  |  | Mandar Divase | 1:56.31 |  |
|  |  | Rohit Halvaldar | 1:55.08 |  |
|  |  | Rehan Poncha | 1:55.47 |  |
|  | 1 | Saudi Arabia (KSA) | DNS |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 2 | Athletes from Kuwait (IOC) | DNS |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |

### Final

| Rank | Team | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | China (CHN) | 7:07.68 | **GR** |
|  | Zhang Lin | 1:47.30 |  |
|  | Jiang Haiqi | 1:46.64 |  |
|  | Li Yunqi | 1:48.09 |  |
|  | Sun Yang | 1:45.65 |  |
|  | Japan (JPN) | 7:10.39 |  |
|  | Yuki Kobori | 1:47.92 |  |
|  | Sho Uchida | 1:47.29 |  |
|  | Shunsuke Kuzuhara | 1:47.91 |  |
|  | Takeshi Matsuda | 1:47.27 |  |
|  | South Korea (KOR) | 7:24.14 |  |
|  | Bae Joon-mo | 1:52.83 |  |
|  | Jang Sang-jin | 1:50.40 |  |
|  | Lee Hyun-seung | 1:50.16 |  |
|  | Park Tae-hwan | 1:50.75 |  |
| 4 | Philippines (PHI) | 7:30.76 |  |
|  | Jessie Lacuna | 1:52.21 |  |
|  | Charles Walker | 1:51.78 |  |
|  | Ryan Arabejo | 1:55.07 |  |
|  | Miguel Molina | 1:51.70 |  |
| 5 | Hong Kong (HKG) | 7:31.44 |  |
|  | David Wong | 1:51.25 |  |
|  | Derick Ng | 1:52.37 |  |
|  | Kent Cheung | 1:52.67 |  |
|  | Kong Chun Yin | 1:55.15 |  |
| 6 | Malaysia (MAS) | 7:35.66 |  |
|  | Daniel Bego | 1:50.31 |  |
|  | Kevin Yeap | 1:53.00 |  |
|  | Ian James Barr | 1:57.48 |  |
|  | Foo Jian Beng | 1:54.87 |  |
| 7 | Kazakhstan (KAZ) | 7:37.76 |  |
|  | Oleg Rabota | 1:53.29 |  |
|  | Alexandr Ivanov | 1:53.02 |  |
|  | Dmitriy Gordiyenko | 1:56.96 |  |
|  | Artur Dilman | 1:54.49 |  |
|  | Singapore (SIN) | DSQ |  |
|  | Danny Yeo |  |  |
|  | Pang Sheng Jun |  |  |
|  | Joshua Lim |  |  |
|  | Clement Lim |  |  |

## InfoBox

| Men's 4 × 200 metre freestyle relay <br>at the 2010 Asian Games | |
| --- | --- |
| Venue | Aoti Aquatics Centre |
| Date | 15 November 2010 |
| Competitors | 48 from 12 nations |
| Winning time | 7:07.68 **GR** |
| Medalists | |
|  | |
|


# Swimming at the 2002 Asian Games – Women's 100 metre butterfly

The women's 100 metre butterfly swimming competition at the 2002 Asian Games in Busan was held on 2 October at the Sajik Swimming Pool.

## Schedule

All times are Korea Standard Time (UTC+09:00)

| Date | Time | Event |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Wednesday, 2 October 2002 | 10:00 | Heats |
| | 19:00 | Final |

## Records

Prior to this competition, the existing world, Asian and Games records were as follows.

| **World Record** | Inge de Bruijn (NED) | **56.61** | Sydney, Australia | 17 September 2000 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Asian Record** | Liu Limin (CHN) | **58.38** | Hiroshima, Japan | 6 October 1994 |
| **Games Record** | Liu Limin (CHN) | **58.38** | Hiroshima, Japan | 6 October 1994 |

## Results

### Heats

| Rank | Heat | Athlete | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 2 | Yuko Nakanishi (JPN) | 1:01.16 |  |
| 2 | 1 | Zhou Yafei (CHN) | 1:01.42 |  |
| 3 | 2 | Zheng Xi (CHN) | 1:01.50 |  |
| 4 | 1 | Maki Mita (JPN) | 1:01.87 |  |
| 5 | 2 | Joscelin Yeo (SIN) | 1:02.38 |  |
| 6 | 2 | Christel Bouvron (SIN) | 1:03.00 |  |
| 7 | 1 | Flora Kong (HKG) | 1:03.32 |  |
| 8 | 1 | Chan Wing Suet (HKG) | 1:03.42 |  |
| 9 | 2 | Park Kyung-hwa (KOR) | 1:03.70 |  |
| 10 | 1 | Lucia Dacanay (PHI) | 1:05.34 |  |
| 11 | 2 | Richa Mishra (IND) | 1:05.59 |  |
| 12 | 1 | Moe Thu Aung (MYA) | 1:08.60 |  |
| 13 | 2 | Sana Abdul Wahid (PAK) | 1:16.24 |  |
| 14 | 1 | Ayesha Tajwar (PAK) | 1:23.26 |  |
| 15 | 2 | Aishath Azhoora Ahmed (MDV) | 1:35.93 |  |

### Final

| Rank | Athlete | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Zhou Yafei (CHN) | 58.88 |  |
|  | Yuko Nakanishi (JPN) | 1:00.18 |  |
|  | Joscelin Yeo (SIN) | 1:01.06 |  |
| 4 | Zheng Xi (CHN) | 1:01.12 |  |
| 5 | Maki Mita (JPN) | 1:01.46 |  |
| 6 | Christel Bouvron (SIN) | 1:03.08 |  |
| 7 | Chan Wing Suet (HKG) | 1:03.34 |  |
| 8 | Flora Kong (HKG) | 1:03.42 |  |

## InfoBox

| Women's 100 metre butterfly <br>at the 2002 Asian Games | |
| --- | --- |
| Venue | Sajik Swimming Pool |
| Date | 2 October 2002 |
| Competitors | 15 from 10 nations |
| Medalists | |
| China  Japan  Singapore | |
|


abstract: The women's 100m freestyle S4 event at the 2008 Summer Paralympics took place at the Beijing National Aquatics Center on 7 September. There were two heats; the swimmers with the eight fastest times advanced to the final.

text:
# Swimming at the 2008 Summer Paralympics – Women's 100 metre freestyle S4

The **women's 100m freestyle S4** event at the 2008 Summer Paralympics took place at the Beijing National Aquatics Center on 7 September. There were two heats; the swimmers with the eight fastest times advanced to the final.

## Results

### Heats

Competed from 09:39.

#### Heat 1

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Aimee Bruder | United States | 1:56.69 | **Q** |
| 2 | Jennie Ekstrom | Sweden | 2:00.22 | **Q** |
| 3 | Patricia Valle | Mexico | 2:03.82 | **Q, WR** |
| 4 | Karolina Hamer | Poland | 2:05.65 | **Q** |

#### Heat 2

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Nely Miranda | Mexico | 1:45.89 | **Q** |
| 2 | Cheryl Angelelli | United States | 1:50.51 | **Q** |
| 3 | Edenia Garcia | Brazil | 1:59.11 | **Q** |
| 4 | Annke Conradi | Germany | 2:20.93 | **Q** |
| 5 | Cecilie Kristiansen | Denmark | 2:22.42 |  |

### Final

Competed at 17:48.

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Nely Miranda | Mexico | 1:44.11 |  |
|  | Cheryl Angelelli | United States | 1:50.25 |  |
|  | Aimee Bruder | United States | 1:55.33 |  |
| 4 | Edenia Garcia | Brazil | 1:58.02 |  |
| 5 | Karolina Hamer | Poland | 1:59.28 |  |
| 6 | Jennie Ekstrom | Sweden | 2:00.68 |  |
| 7 | Patricia Valle | Mexico | 2:02.50 | **WR** |
| 8 | Annke Conradi | Germany | 2:19.95 |  |

**Q** = qualified for final. **WR** = World Record.

* "Heats and Final Results - Women's 100m Freestyle S4". International Paralympic Committee. Retrieved 21 September 2012.
* "Schedules & Results - Swimming". The Beijing Organizing Committee for the Games of the XXIX Olympiad. Archived from the original on 30 September 2008. Retrieved 21 September 2012.

## InfoBox

| Women's 100m Freestyle S4<br>at the XIII Paralympic Games | |
| --- | --- |
| Venue | Beijing National Aquatics Center |
| Dates | 7 September |
| Competitors | 9 from 7 nations |
| Winning time | 1:44.11 |
| Medalists | |
| Nely Miranda  Mexico  Cheryl Angelelli  United States  Aimee Bruder  United States | |
|


# Swimming at the 2006 Commonwealth Games – Men's 200 metre freestyle

## Men's 200 m Freestyle - Final

| Pos. | Lane | Athlete | R.T. | 50 m | 100 m | 150 m | 200 m | Tbh. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 4 | Ross Davenport (ENG) | 0.79 | 25.17
25.17 | 52.42
27.25 | 1:19.72
27.30 | **1:47.29**
27.57 |  |
|  | 2 | Simon Burnett (ENG) | 0.74 | 24.85
24.85 | 52.15
27.30 | 1:20.49
28.34 | **1:47.38**
26.89 | 0.09 |
|  | 6 | Brent Hayden (CAN) | 0.78 | 24.87
24.87 | 51.95
27.08 | 1:19.58
27.63 | **1:47.41**
27.83 | 0.12 |
| 4 | 5 | Richard Say (CAN) | 0.74 | 25.35
25.35 | 52.62
27.27 | 1:20.13
27.51 | **1:47.44**
27.31 | 0.15 |
| 5 | 1 | David Carry (SCO) | 0.84 | 25.22
25.22 | 52.58
27.36 | 1:20.67
28.09 | **1:48.13**
27.46 | 0.84 |
| 6 | 3 | Ryk Neethling (RSA) | 0.76 | 24.61
24.61 | 52.28
27.67 | 1:20.62
28.34 | **1:48.77**
28.15 | 1.48 |
| 7 | 7 | Richard Soane (SCO) | 0.74 | 25.60
25.60 | 53.76
28.16 | 1:22.21
28.45 | **1:49.86**
27.65 | 2.57 |
| 8 | 8 | Nicholas Ffrost (AUS) | 0.81 | 25.89
25.89 | 54.32
28.43 | 1:22.32
28.00 | **1:50.00**
27.68 | 2.71 |
|

## Men's 200 m Freestyle - Heats

### Men's 200 m Freestyle - Heat 01

| Pos. | Lane | Athlete | R.T. | 50 m | 100 m | 150 m | 200 m | Tbh. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 5 | Daniel Bego (MAS) | 0.70 | 26.46
26.46 | 55.44
28.98 | 1:25.01
29.57 | **1:52.45**
27.44 |  |
| 2 | 3 | Steven Mangroo (SEY) | 0.80 | 27.72
27.72 | 58.09
30.37 | 1:30.06
31.97 | **2:02.68**
32.62 | 10.23 |
| 3 | 4 | Stefan Lee (SRI) | 0.81 | 28.07
28.07 | 58.73
30.66 | 1:30.68
31.95 | **2:02.93**
32.25 | 10.48 |
|

### Men's 200 m Freestyle - Heat 02

| Pos. | Lane | Athlete | R.T. | 50 m | 100 m | 150 m | 200 m | Tbh. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 4 | Jonathon Le Noury (GUE) | 0.82 | 26.79
26.79 | 56.57
29.78 | 1:26.89
30.32 | **1:57.31**
30.42 |  |
| 2 | 5 | Colin Bensadon (GIB) | 0.86 | 27.71
27.71 | 57.90
30.19 | 1:28.74
30.84 | **1:59.98**
31.24 | 2.67 |
| 3 | 3 | Ben Lowndes (GUE) | 0.84 | 29.53
29.53 | 1:01.00
31.47 | 1:33.06
32.06 | **2:02.90**
29.84 | 5.59 |
| 4 | 7 | Anthony Wickramasinghe (SRI) | 0.83 | 28.55
28.55 | 1:00.15
31.60 | 1:33.18
33.03 | **2:05.94**
32.76 | 8.63 |
| 5 | 6 | Bradford Worrell (LCA) | 0.65 | 28.26
28.26 | 59.65
31.39 | 1:31.85
32.20 | **2:06.02**
34.17 | 8.71 |
| 6 | 2 | Joseph Arsacularatne (SRI) | 0.83 | 29.54
29.54 | 1:03.23
33.69 | 1:38.68
35.45 | **2:15.51**
36.83 | 18.20 |
|

### Men's 200 m Freestyle - Heat 03

| Pos. | Lane | Athlete | R.T. | 50 m | 100 m | 150 m | 200 m | Tbh. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 5 | Brent Hayden (CAN) | 0.77 | 25.49
25.49 | 53.27
27.78 | 1:21.36
28.09 | **1:48.93**
27.57 |  |
| 2 | 6 | Andrew Hunter (SCO) | 0.75 | 25.61
25.61 | 53.53
27.92 | 1:21.70
28.17 | **1:49.17**
27.47 | 0.24 |
| 3 | 4 | David Carry (SCO) | 0.83 | 25.71
25.71 | 53.61
27.90 | 1:21.69
28.08 | **1:49.28**
27.59 | 0.35 |
| 4 | 3 | Brian Johns (CAN) | 0.85 | 25.57
25.57 | 53.24
27.67 | 1:21.27
28.03 | **1:50.13**
28.86 | 1.20 |
| 5 | 2 | Darian Townsend (RSA) | 0.69 | 25.80
25.80 | 53.93
28.13 | 1:23.21
29.28 | **1:54.04**
30.83 | 5.11 |
| 6 | 7 | Zhirong Tay (SIN) | 0.61 | 26.79
26.79 | 55.95
29.16 | 1:25.51
29.56 | **1:55.84**
30.33 | 6.91 |
| 7 | 1 | Ronald Cowen (BER) | 0.84 | 26.70
26.70 | 55.69
28.99 | 1:25.53
29.84 | **1:56.12**
30.59 | 7.19 |
| 8 | 8 | Jeremy Osborne (GUE) | 0.89 | 28.33
28.33 | 58.47
30.14 | 1:29.85
31.38 | **2:00.28**
30.43 | 11.35 |
|

### Men's 200 m Freestyle - Heat 04

| Pos. | Lane | Athlete | R.T. | 50 m | 100 m | 150 m | 200 m | Tbh. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 5 | Ross Davenport (ENG) | 0.83 | 25.32
25.32 | 52.76
27.44 | 1:20.44
27.68 | **1:48.76**
28.32 |  |
| 2 | 4 | Ryk Neethling (RSA) | 0.72 | 25.16
25.16 | 52.88
27.72 | 1:21.00
28.12 | **1:48.88**
27.88 | 0.12 |
| 3 | 3 | Kenrick Monk (AUS) | 0.70 | 25.26
25.26 | 52.97
27.71 | 1:21.04
28.07 | **1:49.61**
28.57 | 0.85 |
| 4 | 6 | Jean Basson (RSA) | 0.73 | 25.95
25.95 | 53.78
27.83 | 1:21.17
27.39 | **1:49.63**
28.46 | 0.87 |
| 5 | 2 | Dean Milwain (ENG) | 0.81 | 25.70
25.70 | 53.32
27.62 | 1:21.67
28.35 | **1:50.04**
28.37 | 1.28 |
| 6 | 7 | Shaune Fraser (CAY) | 0.75 | 26.19
26.19 | 54.25
28.06 | 1:22.98
28.73 | **1:52.15**
29.17 | 3.39 |
| 7 | 8 | Liam Du Feu (JER) | 0.74 | 27.00
27.00 | 57.25
30.25 | 1:28.22
30.97 | **1:59.13**
30.91 | 10.37 |
| 8 | 1 | Chris Hackel (MRI) | 0.82 | 27.70
27.70 | 58.10
30.40 | 1:28.82
30.72 | **1:59.79**
30.97 | 11.03 |
|

### Men's 200 m Freestyle - Heat 05

| Pos. | Lane | Athlete | R.T. | 50 m | 100 m | 150 m | 200 m | Tbh. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 6 | Richard Say (CAN) | 0.72 | 25.73
25.73 | 53.83
28.10 | 1:21.26
27.43 | **1:48.77**
27.51 |  |
| 2 | 4 | Simon Burnett (ENG) | 0.73 | 25.24
25.24 | 52.84
27.60 | 1:21.03
28.19 | **1:48.93**
27.90 | 0.16 |
| 3 | 5 | Nicholas Ffrost (AUS) | 0.79 | 25.74
25.74 | 53.18
27.44 | 1:20.93
27.75 | **1:49.33**
28.40 | 0.56 |
| 4 | 3 | Andrew Mewing (AUS) | 0.92 | 25.64
25.64 | 53.47
27.83 | 1:21.83
28.36 | **1:50.14**
28.31 | 1.37 |
| 5 | 2 | Robert Renwick (SCO) | 0.78 | 25.84
25.84 | 53.99
28.15 | 1:22.35
28.36 | **1:50.50**
28.15 | 1.73 |
| 6 | 7 | Andrew McMillan (NZL) | 0.76 | 25.99
25.99 | 54.31
28.32 | 1:22.67
28.36 | **1:51.01**
28.34 | 2.24 |
| 7 | 1 | Mingzhe Cheah (SIN) | 0.83 | 27.16
27.16 | 57.30
30.14 | 1:27.54
30.24 | **1:57.70**
30.16 | 8.93 |
| 8 | 8 | Brad Hamilton (JAM) | 0.69 | 26.95
26.95 | 56.73
29.78 | 1:28.17
31.44 | **1:59.54**
31.37 | 10.77 |
|


# Swimming at the 2006 Commonwealth Games – Men's 200 metre breaststroke

The following tables listed the results of Men's 200 metres breaststroke competitions in the 2006 Commonwealth Games.

## Men's 200 m Breaststroke - Final

| Pos. | Lane | Athlete | R.T. | 50 m | 100 m | 150 m | 200 m | Tbh. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 4 | Mike Brown (CAN) | 0.81 | 30.12
30.12 | 1:03.57
33.45 | 1:37.68
34.11 | **2:12.23** (GR)
34.55 |  |
|  | 3 | Brenton Rickard (AUS) | 0.90 | 29.49
29.49 | 1:03.54
34.05 | 1:38.04
34.50 | **2:12.24**
34.20 | 0.01 |
|  | 5 | Jim Piper (AUS) | 0.88 | 29.57
29.57 | 1:02.72
33.15 | 1:36.74
34.02 | **2:12.26**
35.52 | 0.03 |
| 4 | 6 | Kristopher Gilchrist (SCO) | 0.93 | 30.08
30.08 | 1:03.93
33.85 | 1:37.64
33.71 | **2:12.79**
35.15 | 0.56 |
| 5 | 1 | Andrew Bree (NIR) | 0.81 | 30.19
30.19 | 1:04.49
34.30 | 1:39.04
34.55 | **2:14.18**
35.14 | 1.95 |
| 6 | 7 | Neil Versfeld (RSA) | 0.66 | 30.56
30.56 | 1:04.67
34.11 | 1:39.03
34.36 | **2:14.79**
35.76 | 2.56 |
| 7 | 2 | Mathieu Bois (CAN) | 0.79 | 30.08
30.08 | 1:04.16
34.08 | 1:40.06
35.90 | **2:17.30**
37.24 | 5.07 |
| 8 | 8 | Christian Sprenger (AUS) | 0.81 | 30.38
30.38 | 1:05.63
35.25 | 1:41.68
36.05 | **2:19.09**
37.41 | 6.86 |
| Source: Melbourne 2006 XVIII Commonwealth Games | | | | | | | | |

## Men's 200 m Breaststroke - Heats

### Men's 200 m Breaststroke - Heat 01

| Pos. | Lane | Athlete | R.T. | 50 m | 100 m | 150 m | 200 m | Tbh. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 4 | Brenton Rickard (AUS) | 0.88 | 30.01
30.01 | 1:04.61
34.60 | 1:40.15
35.54 | **2:15.93**
35.78 |  |
| 2 | 5 | Mathieu Bois (CAN) | 0.79 | 30.53
30.53 | 1:05.10
34.57 | 1:41.00
35.90 | **2:16.53**
35.53 | 0.60 |
| 3 | 3 | Andrew Bree (NIR) | 0.75 | 30.46
30.46 | 1:04.98
34.52 | 1:40.27
35.29 | **2:17.45**
37.18 | 1.52 |
| 4 | 7 | Chisela Kanchela (ZAM) | 0.71 | 34.26
34.26 | 1:15.27
41.01 | 1:58.58
43.31 | **2:43.25**
44.67 | 27.32 |
| DNS | 2 | Andrei Cross (BAR) |  |
 |
 |
 |  |  |
| DNS | 6 | Glenn Snyders (NZL) |  |
 |
 |
 |  |  |
| Source: Omega Timing | | | | | | | | |

### Men's 200 m Breaststroke - Heat 02

| Pos. | Lane | Athlete | R.T. | 50 m | 100 m | 150 m | 200 m | Tbh. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 4 | Mike Brown (CAN) | 0.77 | 30.47
30.47 | 1:04.55
34.08 | 1:39.19
34.64 | **2:14.49**
35.30 |  |
| 2 | 5 | Neil Versfeld (RSA) | 0.68 | 31.42
31.42 | 1:06.07
34.65 | 1:40.88
34.81 | **2:16.73**
35.85 | 2.24 |
| 3 | 3 | Christian Sprenger (AUS) | 0.82 | 31.13
31.13 | 1:06.45
35.32 | 1:42.46
36.01 | **2:19.96**
37.50 | 5.47 |
| 4 | 7 | Mehmood Nasir (PAK) | 0.98 | 35.02
35.02 | 1:14.73
39.71 | 1:55.29
40.56 | **2:36.60**
41.31 | 22.11 |
| DNS | 2 | Graham Smith (BER) |  |
 |
 |
 |  |  |
| DNS | 6 | Bradley Ally (BAR) |  |
 |
 |
 |  |  |
| Source: Omega Timing | | | | | | | | |

### Men's 200 m Breaststroke - Heat 03

| Pos. | Lane | Athlete | R.T. | 50 m | 100 m | 150 m | 200 m | Tbh. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 4 | Jim Piper (AUS) | 0.82 | 30.39
30.39 | 1:04.37
33.98 | 1:39.42
35.05 | **2:15.52**
36.10 |  |
| 2 | 5 | Kristopher Gilchrist (SCO) | 0.88 | 30.72
30.72 | 1:05.56
34.84 | 1:40.70
35.14 | **2:16.29**
35.59 | 0.77 |
| 3 | 6 | Ross Clark (SCO) | 0.87 | 30.97
30.97 | 1:06.69
35.72 | 1:43.84
37.15 | **2:22.59**
38.75 | 7.07 |
| 4 | 2 | Jin Wen Tan (SIN) | 0.77 | 32.88
32.88 | 1:10.17
37.29 | 1:48.34
38.17 | **2:27.53**
39.19 | 12.01 |
| 5 | 7 | Amar Shah (KEN) | 0.81 | 33.41
33.41 | 1:12.66
39.25 | 1:52.94
40.28 | **2:34.55**
41.61 | 19.03 |
| DNS | 3 | Scott Dickens (CAN) |  |
 |
 |
 |  |  |
| Source: Omega Timing | | | | | | | | |


title: Sal Zizzo

abstract: Salvatore "Sal" Zizzo Jr. is an American former professional soccer player who played as a winger or full-back.

text:
# Sal Zizzo

**Salvatore "Sal" Zizzo Jr.** (born April 3, 1987) is an American former professional soccer player who played as a winger or full-back.

## Career

### Youth and amateur

Zizzo attended Patrick Henry High School, where he played soccer and baseball. As a baseball center fielder, he was a four-year letterman and voted first-team All-CIF his junior year. He also excelled in soccer, he was voted All-CIF honors four years straight (2002–05). He played club soccer for Hotspurs USA (El Cajon, CA), and was a member of his region's Olympic Development Program (ODP) team. Zizzo then went on to play two years of college soccer at UCLA. At UCLA he was an NCSAA/adidas All-American as a freshman in 2005. Zizzo was also selected as Pac10 Freshman Player of the Year the same year. In 2006, UCLA reached the College Cup vs. Santa Barbara in St. Louis.

He finished his career at UCLA with 43 appearances, eight goals, and 14 assists.

During his college years he also played two seasons with senior amateur team Orange County Blue Star in the USL Premier Development League.

### Professional

Zizzo left college early and turned professional in July 2007 after a successful U20 World Cup in Canada for the United States. He signed to Bundesliga club Hannover 96, for a three-year contract. Zizzo made his Bundesliga debut for Hannover on May 10, 2008, in a match against Werder Bremen. In October 2009, Zizzo suffered an ACL injury and missed the entire 2009–10 season. During his stay at the club he was a regular starter for the reserve side, Hannover 96 II, appearing in 45 league matches and scoring 8 goals.

On July 21, 2010, Chivas USA acquired Zizzo through a weighted lottery conducted by MLS. Zizzo played in ten games (making one start) over the second half of the season, totaling 254 minutes and one assist. On February 15, 2011, Zizzo was traded by Chivas USA to MLS expansion side Portland Timbers in exchange for allocation money. Zizzo scored his first MLS goal on August 15, 2012, in a 2–2 draw at Toronto FC. On August 31, 2013, Zizzo scored his second career league goal in a 4–2 loss to Real Salt Lake. In three seasons with Portland Zizzo appeared in 60 league matches and scored two goals and assisted on seven.

On December 13, 2013, Zizzo was traded to Sporting Kansas City in exchange for allocation money. On September 23, 2014, Zizzo helped Sporting to a 3–0 victory over Real Estelí in a CONCACAF Champions League match, scoring the third goal of the match.

On December 10, 2014, Zizzo was the ninth pick of New York City FC in the 2014 MLS Expansion Draft. The following day he was traded to local rivals New York Red Bulls in a deal agreed prior to the draft, with Red Bulls goalkeeper Ryan Meara going the other way on a one-year loan. Zizzo made his debut for New York on March 8, 2015, coming on as a second-half substitute in a 1–1 draw at former club Sporting Kansas City. On March 22, 2015, Zizzo started his first match for New York in a 2–0 victory over rival D.C. United at Red Bull Arena. On July 1, 2015, Zizzo scored his first goal for New York, helping the Red Bulls to a 4–1 victory in the U.S. Open Cup over local rival New York Cosmos. Zizzo ended the season as the club's starting right back and helped New York in capturing the 2015 MLS Supporters' Shield.

On August 15, 2017, Zizzo helped New York to a 3–2 come from behind victory over FC Cincinnati, providing the game winning assist on Bradley Wright-Phillips's goal in the 101st minute which sent New York to their first Open Cup final since 2003.

In January 2018, Zizzo signed as a free agent with Atlanta United FC.

Zizzo announced his retirement from playing professional soccer on May 21, 2019.

Just over six months following his announced retirement, Zizzo returned to professional soccer when he was announced as the first ever signing for USL Championship side San Diego Loyal ahead of their inaugural season in 2020. Following the 2021 season, Zizzo again announced his retirement.

### International

Zizzo represented the U.S. at the U18 and U20 levels. He participated in the Lisbon International Tournament and the Milk Cup in Northern Ireland with the U18s in 2005. Zizzo suited up for the United States. U20 National Team in the 2007 FIFA U20 World Cup, starting all five of the team's matches in the tournament and helping the team reach the quarterfinals. He made his senior national team debut on August 22, 2007, in a friendly against Sweden.

## Personal life

Zizzo holds both American and Italian citizenship, as both his parents were born in Palermo, Sicily. This helped with negotiating a contract in Europe with Hannover 96. In November 2013 Zizzo married Destiny Moniz. They have three daughters and one son, Capri Kalei born April 27, 2015, Aeri Elalia born on January 6, 2017, Zuri Meadow born June 29, 2018, and Massi Kailo born June 19, 2021.

## Career statistics

*As of October 7, 2017*

Appearances and goals by club, season and competition
| Club | Season | League | | | Cup | | League Cup | | Continental | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Orange County Blue Star | 2006 | Premier Development League | 11 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 4 |
| | 2007 | | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 |
| | Total | | 13 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 5 |
| Hannover 96 II | 2007–08 | Regionalliga Nord | 21 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 21 | 4 |
| | 2008–09 | | 17 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 17 | 1 |
| | 2009–10 | | 7 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 3 |
| | Total | | 45 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 45 | 8 |
| Hannover 96 | 2007–08 | Bundesliga | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| | 2008–09 | | 5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 |
| | 2009–10 | | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| | Total | | 8 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 0 |
| Chivas USA | 2010 | Major League Soccer | 10 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 0 |
| Portland Timbers | 2011 | Major League Soccer | 30 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 31 | 0 |
| | 2012 | | 20 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 1 |
| | 2013 | | 10 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 1 |
| | Total | | 60 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 63 | 2 |
| Sporting Kansas City | 2014 | Major League Soccer | 19 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 24 | 1 |
| New York Red Bulls | 2015 | Major League Soccer | 22 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 28 | 1 |
| | 2016 | | 28 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 35 | 0 |
| | 2017 | | 23 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 30 | 0 |
| | Total | | 73 | 0 | 9 | 1 | 6 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 93 | 1 |
| Atlanta United FC | 2018 | Major League Soccer | 6 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 0 |
| Atlanta United 2 | 2018 | USL Championship | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| San Diego Loyal SC | 2020 | USL Championship | 8 | 0 | - | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 0 |
| Career total | | | 228 | 15 | 16 | 1 | 6 | 0 | 8 | 1 | 258 | 17 |

## Honors

**New York Red Bulls**

**Atlanta United FC**

## InfoBox

Sal Zizzo
| Zizzo in 2015 with the New York Red Bulls | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | Salvatore Zizzo Jr. | | |
| Date of birth | (1987-04-03) April 3, 1987 | | |
| Place of birth | San Diego, California, United States | | |
| Height | 5 ft 11 in (1.80 m) | | |
| Position(s) | Winger, full-back | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| 2002–2005 | Hotspurs USA | | |
| College career | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2005–2006 | UCLA Bruins | 43 | (8) |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2006–2007 | Orange County Blue Star | 13 | (5) |
| 2007–2010 | Hannover 96 II | 45 | (8) |
| 2007–2010 | Hannover 96 | 8 | (0) |
| 2009 | Fortuna Düsseldorf (loan) | 0 | (0) |
| 2010 | Chivas USA | 10 | (0) |
| 2011–2013 | Portland Timbers | 60 | (2) |
| 2014 | Sporting Kansas City | 19 | (0) |
| 2015–2017 | New York Red Bulls | 73 | (0) |
| 2018 | Atlanta United | 6 | (0) |
| 2018 | Atlanta United 2 | 1 | (0) |
| 2020–2021 | San Diego Loyal | 19 | (0) |
| International career | | | |
| 2007 | United States U20 | 5 | (0) |
| 2008 | United States U23 | 2 | (0) |
| 2007 | United States | 1 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Top Gas

abstract: Top Gas (T/G) is a former NHRA drag racing professional class. Analogous to Top Fuel, Top Gas was a pro class, and allowed dragsters (T/GD) as well as bodied cars. Several noteworthy cars ran in Top Gas. One of the early streamliners, Scuderia, made her debut at the 1963 NHRA Winternationals at Pomona, California, recording a best pass of 8.83 seconds at 169.17 mph (272.25 km/h). At Arlington later that year, Scuderia set a Top Gas record of 162.22 mph (261.07 km/h). Like Top Fuel, Top Gas dragsters experimented with twin engines, including Freight Train and the Motes & Peters digger. It also saw a number of streamliners, including Sidewinder III and Scuderia. Driver Ray Motes and owner R. C. Williams, based in Russell, Kansas, ran "one of the most successful Top Gas dragsters ever". Motes would win the Springnationals and the Top Gas national title in both 1970 and 1971. Williams, then owner of Freight Train, would win the 1971 Gatornationals. Late model cars were first allowed in the Gas classes in 1967. Other notable drivers who started or drove in Top Gas include Gordon Collett, Jim Bucher, Eddie Hill, and Jack Moss, while teams like Frakes and Funk, and Schultz and Jones, had many fans. The last event was the 1971 NHRA Supernationals at Ontario Motor Speedway in California. It was won by Jim Bucher, whose twin-engined dragster redlighted, but was given the win after his opponent, Ken Ellis, was disqualified. Top Gas was eliminated by NHRA in 1972.

text:
# Top Gas

**Top Gas** (T/G) is a former NHRA drag racing professional class.

Analogous to Top Fuel, Top Gas was a pro class, and allowed dragsters (T/GD) as well as bodied cars.

Several noteworthy cars ran in Top Gas. One of the early streamliners, *Scuderia*, made her debut at the 1963 NHRA Winternationals at Pomona, California, recording a best pass of 8.83 seconds at 169.17 mph (272.25 km/h). At Arlington later that year, *Scuderia* set a Top Gas record (average of two passes) of 162.22 mph (261.07 km/h).

Like Top Fuel, Top Gas dragsters experimented with twin engines, including *Freight Train* and the Motes & Peters digger. It also saw a number of streamliners, including *Sidewinder III* (in BB/GD) and *Scuderia*.

Driver Ray Motes and owner R. C. Williams, based in Russell, Kansas, ran "one of the most successful Top Gas dragsters ever". Motes would win the Springnationals and the Top Gas national title in both 1970 and 1971. Williams, then owner of *Freight Train* (driven by Walt Rhodes), would win the 1971 Gatornationals.

Late model cars were first allowed in the Gas classes in 1967.

Other notable drivers who started or drove in Top Gas include Gordon Collett, Jim Bucher, Eddie Hill, and Jack Moss, while teams like Frakes and Funk, and Schultz and Jones, had many fans.

The last event was the 1971 NHRA Supernationals at Ontario Motor Speedway in California. It was won by Jim Bucher, whose twin-engined dragster redlighted, but was given the win after his opponent, Ken Ellis (in another twin-engined dragster), was disqualified.

Top Gas was eliminated by NHRA in 1972.

## Sources

* Taylor, Thom. "Beauty Beyond the Twilight Zone" in *Hot Rod*, April 2017, pp.30-43.
* Taylor, Thom. "Duel of the Duals" in *Hot Rod*, April 2017, p.11.
* Taylor, Thom. "Gone Gassers" in *Hot Rod*, March 2017, p.9.


abstract: The Women's 53 kg weightlifting competitions at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro took place on 7 August at the Pavilion 2 of Riocentro.

text:
# Weightlifting at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Women's 53 kg

The **Women's 53 kg** weightlifting competitions at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro took place on 7 August at the Pavilion 2 of Riocentro.

## Schedule

All times are Time in Brazil (UTC-03:00)

| Date | Time | Event |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 7 August 2016 | 12:30 | Group B |
| | 15:30 | Group A |

## Records

Prior to this competition, the existing world and Olympic records were as follows.

| **World record** | Snatch | Li Ping (CHN) | **103 kg** | Guangzhou, China | 14 November 2010 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Clean & Jerk | Zulfiya Chinshanlo (KAZ) | **134 kg** | Almaty, Kazakhstan | 10 November 2014 |
| | Total | Hsu Shu-ching (TPE) | **233 kg** | Incheon, South Korea | 21 September 2014 |
| **Olympic record** | Snatch | Yang Xia (CHN) | **100 kg** | Sydney, Australia | 18 September 2000 |
| | Clean & Jerk | Zulfiya Chinshanlo (KAZ) | **131 kg** | London, England | 27 July 2012 |
| | Total | Zulfiya Chinshanlo (KAZ) | **226 kg** | London, England | 27 July 2012 |

## Results

| Rank | Athlete | Nation | Group | Body
weight | Snatch (kg) | | | | Clean & Jerk (kg) | | | | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | | 1 | 2 | 3 | Result | 1 | 2 | 3 | Result | |
|  | Hsu Shu-ching | Chinese Taipei | A | 52.60 | 92 | 96 | 100 | 100 | 112 | ~~126~~ |  | 112 | **212** |
|  | Hidilyn Diaz | Philippines | A | 52.61 | ~~88~~ | 88 | ~~91~~ | 88 | 111 | 112 | ~~117~~ | 112 | **200** |
|  | Yoon Jin-hee | South Korea | A | 52.59 | 88 | ~~90~~ | ~~90~~ | 88 | ~~110~~ | 110 | 111 | 111 | **199** |
| 4 | Rebeka Koha | Latvia | A | 52.11 | ~~87~~ | 87 | 90 | 90 | 103 | 107 | ~~110~~ | 107 | **197** |
| 5 | Rosane Santos | Brazil | A | 52.57 | 85 | ~~90~~ | 90 | 90 | 103 | ~~107~~ | ~~108~~ | 103 | **193** |
| 6 | Kanae Yagi | Japan | B | 52.39 | ~~81~~ | ~~81~~ | 81 | 81 | ~~101~~ | 101 | 105 | 105 | **186** |
| 7 | Dewi Safitri | Indonesia | A | 52.78 | ~~80~~ | ~~80~~ | 80 | 80 | ~~105~~ | 105 | ~~108~~ | 105 | **185** |
| 8 | Evagjelia Veli | Albania | B | 51.58 | 68 | 72 | 75 | 75 | 88 | 90 | ~~96~~ | 90 | **165** |
| 9 | Lely Burgos | Puerto Rico | B | 49.53 | 67 | 70 | 72 | 72 | 85 | 88 | 90 | 90 | **162** |
| 10 | Scarleth Mercado | Nicaragua | B | 52.85 | 62 | 66 | ~~68~~ | 66 | 83 | 86 | 89 | 89 | **155** |
| 11 | Fiorella Cueva | Peru | B | 48.32 | 62 | 65 | ~~67~~ | 65 | 85 | 88 | ~~90~~ | 88 | **153** |
| 12 | Sofía Rito | Uruguay | B | 51.74 | ~~64~~ | 64 | ~~67~~ | 64 | ~~82~~ | 82 | ~~88~~ | 82 | **146** |
|  | Li Yajun | China | A | 52.50 | 98 | 101 | ~~104~~ | 101 **OR** | ~~123~~ | ~~126~~ | ~~126~~ |  |  |

## New records

| Snatch | 101 kg | Li Yajun (CHN) | **OR** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |

## InfoBox

| Women's 53 kg
at the Games of the XXXI Olympiad | |
| --- | --- |
| Venue | Riocentro |
| Date | 7 August 2016 |
| Competitors | 13 from 13 nations |
| Winning total | 212 kg |
| Medalists | |
| Hsu Shu-ching  Chinese Taipei  Hidilyn Diaz  Philippines  Yoon Jin-hee  South Korea | |
|


title: VOEvent

abstract: VOEvent is a standardized language used to report observations of astronomical events; it was officially adopted in 2006 by the International Virtual Observatory Alliance (IVOA). Though most VOEvent messages currently issued are related to supernovae, gravitational microlensing, and gamma-ray bursts, they are intended to be general enough to describe all types of observations of astronomical events, including gravitational wave events. Messages are written in XML, providing a structured metadata description of both the observations and the inferences derived from those observations. The rapid dissemination of event data with a formalized language was the original impetus for the creation of VOEvents and the network used to transport the messages; indeed VOEvent messages are designed to be compact and quickly transmittable over the internet. The VOEvent language continues to evolve; the latest version is 2.0.

text:
# VOEvent

**VOEvent** is a standardized language used to report observations of astronomical events; it was officially adopted in 2006 by the International Virtual Observatory Alliance (IVOA). Though most VOEvent messages currently issued are related to supernovae, gravitational microlensing, and gamma-ray bursts, they are intended to be general enough to describe all types of observations of astronomical events, including gravitational wave events. Messages are written in XML, providing a structured metadata description of both the observations and the inferences derived from those observations. The rapid dissemination of event data with a formalized language was the original impetus for the creation of VOEvents and the network (now called VOEventNet) used to transport the messages; indeed VOEvent messages are designed to be compact and quickly transmittable over the internet. The VOEvent language (which is codified in an XML schema) continues to evolve; the latest version is 2.0.

## History

VOEvent builds upon previous generic publishing schemes such as International Astronomical Union Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams (IAUCs and CBETs) and the Astronomer's Telegrams (ATELs). The principal difference is that VOEvent messages are intended to be automatically parsed and filtered whereas ATELs and IAUCs are intended to be read by humans. The scope of VOEvent is informed by several other messaging schemes used to facilitate rapid discovery announcements for specialized sub-fields of astronomy (such as OGLE microlensing alerts and Supernova Early Warning System). The closest ancestors of VOEvent are The Telescope Alert Operation Network System (TALON) and the Gamma Ray Burst Coordinates Network (GCN) messages, used extensively by the gamma-ray burst community.

The first live VOEvent alert messages of real astronomical events were published through a feed from a broker written and maintained the eSTAR Project. Until it was shuttered in 2009 the project maintained a message broker peered with TALON, and provided the first VOEvent-native feed for GCN messages.

## Structure of the Language

A typical VOEvent message contains the following tags:

* \<who\> - describing who is responsible (the author and the publisher) for the information contained in the message
* \<how\> - a description of the instrumental setup on where the data were obtained
* \<what\> - the data (such as source flux) associated with the observations of the event
* \<why\> - inferences about the nature of the event
* \<wherewhen\> - description of the time and place where the event was recorded. This draws from the Space-time Coordinate (STC) recommendation to the IVOA.

A well-formed VOEvent message must validate against the VOEvent-v2.0 schema (.xsd). A valid message may omit most of the informational tags listed above, but since the creation of VOEvent messages is done automatically, most opt to transmit the fullest content available.

The standard was written by Rob Seaman, Roy Williams, Alasdair Allan, Scott Barthelmy, Joshua Bloom, John Brewer, Robert Denny, Mike Fitzpatrick, Matthew Graham, Norman Gray, Frederic Hessman, Szabolcs Marka, Arnold Rots, Tom Vestrand and Przemyslaw Wozniak.

## Current uses

As with most products of the Virtual Observatory, there are no promises that once a VOEvent message has been issued, it will persist indefinitely. It is the role of the publisher, generally, to maintain and curate VOEvents issued. Still, public VOEvent messages may be distributed and or archived through 3rd parties.

### VOEvent Software

### VOEvent feeds

There are live VOEvent feeds (through a variety of protocols, such as RSS and XMPP) currently available from:

### Vizualizations

Since VOEvents note the location and time events, it is possible to convert streams of events into temporal or spatial visualisations. Skyalert has Worldwide Telescope views of the event sky. eStar hosts an AJAX mashup of microlensing events.


title: Valerie Clark

abstract: Valerie Clark is an American politician. She was a member of the Georgia House of Representatives from the 101st District, serving from 2013 to 2017. Clark represented the 104th district from 2011 to 2013. She is a member of the Republican party.

text:
# Valerie Clark

**Valerie Clark** is an American politician. She was a member of the Georgia House of Representatives from the 101st District, serving from 2013 to 2017. Clark represented the 104th district from 2011 to 2013. She is a member of the Republican party.

## InfoBox

| Valerie Clark | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Georgia House of Representatives
from the 101st district | |
| **In office**
2013–2017 | |
| Preceded by | Buzz Brockway |
| Succeeded by | Sam Park |
| Member of the Georgia House of Representatives
from the 104th district | |
| **In office**
2011–2013 | |
| Preceded by | John Heard |
| Succeeded by | Donna Sheldon |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | New York, US |
| Political party | Republican |
|  | |


title: Valuas (folklore)

abstract: Bructer Valuas is the name of a legendary chief of the Bructeri, exclusively known from a Venlo folklore tale. The name might be a corruption of Goliath.

text:
# Valuas (folklore)

**Bructer Valuas** (in short:**Valuas**) is the name of a legendary chief of the Bructeri, exclusively known from a Venlo folklore tale. The name might be a corruption of Goliath.

## Background story

According to the legend, the city of Venlo were to be founded in the year 96 A.D. by this chief. After being defeated by the neighbouring tribe of the Chamavi in the Teutoburg Forest, Valuas and his trustees fled in southwest direction to a fertile region near the river Meuse, as noted by Publius Cornelius Tacitus. There the remaining Bructeri built a settlement he then called *Venloë*, which, according to the legend, means *height in the swamp*.

After their death, in honor of the chief and his wife Guntrud large wooden statues were made, which were placed on a nearby hill. Their followers, the people of Venlo, let a fire burn for a long time inside these statues. To this use the hill owes its present name ‘’Lichtenberg’’.

## Castle

According to Lambert Keuller, a local historician, Valuas founded a castle in 96 A.D., which he called *Vrijburg*.

The castle were to be built at the present square called ‘’Oude Markt’’, on the southeast corner. This area also would have been the main location of the settlement in that time. Later, in the early Middle Ages, the castle disappeared. Although the exact moment of disappearance has not been noted, Keuller means that this happened in the 9th century, when the Vikings raided the northwest of Europe.

## Giant puppets

In 1750, the people of Venlo made giant puppets which they carried around in religious processions. These giant puppets are still taken through the streets of Venlo with festivities. Although the name of Valuas has already been recorded in 1708, the puppets go through the streets as from 1750 after a publication on their use. Before that they were carried in ecclesiastical processions as the biblical Goliath and his wife for centuries. The Bishop of Roermond said that despised puppets of Goliath and his wife had to disappear. The people of Venlo did not want that and devised the story of the Bructeri chief. So, Venlo does not owe its name to Valuas, but rather Valuas owes his name to Venlo.

1. (in Dutch)Etymologie Venlo op DbNL
2. (in Dutch)Website Akkermansgilde Venlo
* Lambert Keuller 1843: *Geschiedenis en beschrijving van Venloo*


title: Value stream

abstract:
A value stream is the set of actions that take place to add value to a customer from the initial request through realization of value by the customer. The value stream begins with the initial concept, moves through various stages of development and on through delivery and support.
A value stream always begins and ends with a customer. Value stream is usually aligned with company processes. Value streams are artifacts within business architecture that allow a business to specify the value proposition derived by an external or internal stakeholder from an organization. A value stream depicts the stakeholders initiating and involved in the value stream, the stages that create specific value items, and the value proposition derived from the value stream. The value stream is depicted as an end-to-end collection of value-adding activities that create an overall result for a customer, stakeholder, or end-user. In modeling terms, those value-adding activities are represented by value stream stages, each of which creates and adds incremental stakeholder value items from one stage to the next.
While value streams are referenced in multiple methodologies, there is increasing agreement on the description and the purpose of value streams as a core domain of business architecture and scaled agile framework, which has since been applied by multiple standards bodies.

text:
# Value stream

A **value stream** is the set of actions that take place to add value to a customer from the initial request through realization of value by the customer. The value stream begins with the initial concept, moves through various stages of development and on through delivery and support. A value stream always begins and ends with a customer. Value stream is usually aligned with company processes.

Value streams are artifacts within business architecture that allow a business to specify the value proposition derived by an external (e.g., customer) or internal stakeholder from an organization. A value stream depicts the stakeholders initiating and involved in the value stream, the stages that create specific value items, and the value proposition derived from the value stream. The value stream is depicted as an end-to-end collection of value-adding activities that create an overall result for a customer, stakeholder, or end-user.

In modeling terms, those value-adding activities are represented by value stream stages, each of which creates and adds incremental stakeholder value items from one stage to the next. While value streams are referenced in multiple methodologies, there is increasing agreement on the description and the purpose of value streams as a core domain of business architecture and scaled agile framework, which has since been applied by multiple standards bodies.

## Purpose

Value streams are a component of the business ecosystem that describe how a stakeholder – often a customer – receives value from an organization. As opposed to many previous attempts at describing stakeholder value, value streams take the perspective of the initiating or triggering stakeholder rather than an internal value chain or process perspective. From this outside-in view, value streams can be cross-mapped to enabling business capabilities that describe what and how, respectively, an organization must do to deliver value to the stakeholder.

## Components

Value streams represent end-to-end views on how value is achieved for a given external or internal stakeholder. Value streams are named with a definition of the value proposition provided to stakeholders. Stakeholders within a value stream can take two forms:

* A triggering stakeholder is the person or organization that initiates and, as a rule, participates in the value stream.
* A participating stakeholder is a person or organization that either provides or facilitates aspects of the value delivered in the value stream, or that may receive ancillary value from the value stream.

Additionally, value streams are composed of value stream stages, which represent iterative value items that are accrued to deliver value throughout the value stream, ultimately delivering a value proposition.

### Commonly associated concepts

Value streams are often seen in a form in which they are cross-mapped to stakeholders and capabilities. These cross-mappings allow practitioners to better identify the people and organizations to whom – or from which – value is provided. For example, enabling capabilities, associated with each value stream stage, produce outcomes that collectively contribute to the creation of a value item within that stage. In other words, the capabilities do the work to achieve each value item at each stage. In addition, many practitioners align value streams and value stream stages to business capabilities. This facilitates alignment of how an organization provides value to the internal view of what a company does.

### Misconceptions

There are multiple misconceptions around the concept of value streams. These are outlined at a high level below, with references to additional information on each. For clarification:

* **Value streams are usually not processes** in the sense that the concern is "how value is achieved" rather than "how it's done".

The Lean value stream is a diagrammatic representation of the sequence of activities required to design, produce, and deliver a good or service to a customer. Despite the similarity in name to the Business Architecture value stream, the Lean value stream’s primary purpose is to document, analyze, and improve the flow of information or materials required to produce a product or service for a customer. It is not designed (nor is it well suited) to broader architectural purposes – namely, decomposing down to the critical activities (or stages) that progressively combine to produce value for a stakeholder, or cross-mapping those value stream stages to the enabling business capabilities.

* **Value streams are not internally focused.** Some methodologies reference value streams as delivering value to an internal stakeholder. While this can hold true within a specified context, the goal of most practitioners is to focus on stakeholders outside of an organization.
* **Value streams are not customer journey maps.** While both value streams and journey maps take the perspective of the external stakeholder, they seek to describe different sets of information. Customer journey maps typically seek to describe the emotions, intent, and individual interactions with a customer.

## Alignment to agile methodologies

The concept of a value stream is especially important to agile methodologies, which often seek to maximize a focus on customer or business value. Specific forms of agile methodologies, such as the scaled agile framework, incorporate the value stream as a way to create a foundational view of the business from which agile work can be completed. This approach encourages a common level of understanding that allows multiple disciplines to interact, creating a more consistent, simplified view of the organization.


title: Vacuum cementing

abstract: Vacuum cementing or vacuum welding is the natural process of solidifying small objects in a hard vacuum. The most notable example is dust on the surface of the Moon. This effect was reported to be a problem with the first American and Soviet satellites, as small moving parts would seize together. In 2009 the European Space Agency published a peer-reviewed paper detailing why cold welding is a significant issue that spacecraft designers need to carefully consider. The paper also cites a documented example from 1991 with the Galileo spacecraft high-gain antenna. One source of difficulty is that vacuum welding does not exclude relative motion between the surfaces that are to be joined. This allows the broadly defined notions of galling, fretting, sticking, stiction and adhesion to overlap in some instances. For example, it is possible for a joint to be the result of both vacuum welding and galling. Galling and vacuum welding, therefore, are not mutually exclusive.

text:
# Vacuum cementing

**Vacuum cementing** or **vacuum welding** is the natural process of solidifying small objects in a hard vacuum. The most notable example is dust on the surface of the Moon.

This effect was reported to be a problem with the first American and Soviet satellites, as small moving parts would seize together.

In 2009 the European Space Agency published a peer-reviewed paper detailing why cold welding is a significant issue that spacecraft designers need to carefully consider. The paper also cites a documented example from 1991 with the Galileo spacecraft high-gain antenna.

One source of difficulty is that vacuum welding does not exclude relative motion between the surfaces that are to be joined. This allows the broadly defined notions of galling, fretting, sticking, stiction and adhesion to overlap in some instances. For example, it is possible for a joint to be the result of both vacuum welding and galling (and/or fretting and/or impact). Galling and vacuum welding, therefore, are not mutually exclusive.

* Corrosion in space – Corrosion of materials occurring in outer space
* Passivation – Physico-chemical processes of protecting a surface from a chemical reaction


title: Valerie O'Connor

abstract: Valerie O'Connor is an Irish television actress, theatre actress and singer. She is best known for playing Det. Insp. Nikki Grogan in soap-opera Red Rock and Miss Jervis in ROY.

text:
# Valerie O'Connor

**Valerie O'Connor** is an Irish television actress, theatre actress and singer. She is best known for playing Det. Insp. Nikki Grogan in soap-opera *Red Rock* and Miss Jervis in *ROY*.

## Personal life

O'Connor lives in Dublin city centre, but occasionally lives at a house in Wicklow at the weekends. O'Connor is an ambassador for Cystic Fibrosis Ireland and for their 'One in 1,000 Campaign'.

O'Connor revealed in August 2016 that she was nine months pregnant, and announced that she gave birth to a baby girl on 15 September 2016.

## Filmography

### Film

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2008 | *City of Ember* | Person in Line |  |
| | *The Daisy Chain* | Jenny Gahan |  |
| 2010 | *Round Ireland with a Fridge* | Roisin |  |
| 2014 | *Davin* | Alyssa |  |
| 2015 | *Cherry Tree* | Claire |  |
| 2019 | *Extra Ordinary* | Angela |  |
| 2020 | *Nowhere Special* | Ella |  |
| 2024 | *The Apprentice* | Rona Barrett |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2007 | *The Tudors* | Lady Unkindness | Episode: "Wolsey, Wolsey, Wolsey!" |
| | *The English Class* | Tracey | 6 episodes |
| 2010 | *Jack Taylor* | Nuala Donnelly | Episode: "The Priest" |
| 2011 | *Love/Hate* | Miss Byrne | Episode #2.1 |
| 2014 | *My Whole Half Life* | Mirella | Episode: "Between Heaven and Here" |
| 2014–2015 | *Roy* | Miss Jane Jervis | 11 episodes |
| 2015–2017 | *Red Rock* | Insp Nikki Grogan | 102 episodes |
| 2018 | *Can't Cope, Won't Cope* | Dee | 2 episodes |
| 2024 | *Sanctuary: A Witch's Tale* | Bridget Paterson | 7 episodes |

## Theatre

| Show | Role |
| --- | --- |
| *The Threepenny Opera* | Dolly |
| *Jezebel* | Jezebel |
| *Durang Durang* |  |
| *Plaza Suite* | Jean |
| *Serious Money* | Scilla Todd |
| *Richard III* | Lady Ann |
|

## InfoBox

| Valerie O'Connor | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | c. 1981–82<br>Dublin, Ireland |
| Occupation | Actor |
| Height | 5 ft 5 in (1.65 m) |
| Spouse | Peter Campion |
| Children | 2 |
| Website | www.macfarlane-chard.ie/clients/actors-female/valerie-oconnor |


title: Polygamy in Thailand

abstract:
Polygamy in Thailand could be freely practiced before 1 October 1935. Polygamy was recognised under civil law. The old family law assigned wives to three categories in accordance with how they became wives:
  - The first was called mia klang muang (เมียกลางเมือง), the 'official wife', whom the husband's parents had "acquired for him".
  - The second was known as mia klang nok (เมียกลางนอก), the 'minor wife', whom the man asked after his first marriage.
  - The third was mia klang thasi (เมียกลางทาสี), the title given to slave wives who were asked from the mother and father of their prior owners. Children of these unions were recognised as legitimate. While polygamy has since been abolished, it is still alive in Thailand and, according to some, widely accepted. The king of Thailand may, for example, still designate "consorts" other than the queen. Such unions are not recognised under Thai law, which states, "A man or a woman cannot marry each other while one of them has a spouse."

text:
# Polygamy in Thailand

**Polygamy in Thailand** could be freely practiced before 1 October 1935. Polygamy was recognised under civil law. The old family law assigned wives to three categories in accordance with how they became wives:

* The first was called *mia klang muang* (เมียกลางเมือง), the 'official wife', whom the husband's parents had "acquired for him".
* The second was known as *mia klang nok* (เมียกลางนอก), the 'minor wife', whom the man asked after his first marriage.
* The third was *mia klang thasi* (เมียกลางทาสี), the title given to slave wives who were asked from the mother and father of their prior owners.

Children of these unions were recognised as legitimate.

While polygamy has since been abolished, it is still alive in Thailand and, according to some, widely accepted. The king of Thailand may, for example, still designate "consorts" other than the queen. Such unions are not recognised under Thai law, which states, "A man or a woman cannot marry each other while one of them has a spouse."


title: Valery Loshchinin

abstract: Valery Vasilyevich Loshchinin was a Soviet and Russian diplomat. He served in various diplomatic roles from 1965 onwards, and was Ambassador of Russia to Belarus between 1996 and 1999, and Permanent Representative of Russia to International Organizations in Vienna from 1999 to 2001. He was also a deputy minister of Foreign Affairs from 2001 to 2002, First Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2002 to 2005, Permanent Representative of Russia to the UN Office and other International Organizations in Geneva, and concurrently Permanent Representative of Russia to the Conference on Disarmament, from 2005 to 2011.

text:
# Valery Loshchinin

**Valery Vasilyevich Loshchinin** (Russian: Валерий Васильевич Лощинин; 11 September 1940 – 14 March 2023) was a Soviet and Russian diplomat. He served in various diplomatic roles from 1965 onwards, and was Ambassador of Russia to Belarus between 1996 and 1999, and Permanent Representative of Russia to International Organizations in Vienna from 1999 to 2001. He was also a deputy minister of Foreign Affairs from 2001 to 2002, First Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2002 to 2005, Permanent Representative of Russia to the UN Office and other International Organizations in Geneva, and concurrently Permanent Representative of Russia to the Conference on Disarmament, from 2005 to 2011.

## Career

Loshchinin was born on 11 September 1940, in Moscow, then part of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, in the Soviet Union. He graduated from the Belarusian State University in 1964, and the following year entered the Soviet diplomatic service as an employee of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic's Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1965, becoming third secretary there. Loshchinin studied at the Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, graduating in 1977, and joining the Soviet Ministry of Foreign Affairs that year. Between 1989 and 1995 he was deputy Permanent Representative of the Soviet Union, and after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, the Russian Federation, to the UN Office and other International Organizations in Geneva.

From 1995 to 1996, Loshchinin was director of the Foreign Ministry's Second European Department. This was followed by a posting from 25 November 1996 to 24 February 1999 as an ambassador of Russia to Belarus. From 18 March 1999 to 7 April 2001, Loshchinin was the Permanent Representative of Russia to International Organizations in Vienna.

On 7 April 2001, Loshchinin was appointed a deputy minister of Foreign Affairs. On 17 October 2001, he was appointed a secretary of state in this role. On 22 February 2002, he was further promoted to become First Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs. He had responsibility for supervising bilateral relations with the Commonwealth of Independent States countries, relations with the Federal Assembly, and the federal subjects of Russia, socio-political organizations, personnel, consular issues, and issues of state protocol. He was released from this work on 26 December 2005, and was that same day appointed the Permanent Representative of Russia to the UN Office and other International Organizations in Geneva, and concurrently Permanent Representative of Russia to the Conference on Disarmament. He held this post until 5 December 2011.

After retiring from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Loshchinin served as assistant to the Chairman of the Federation Council from 2012 until 2015.

Loshchinin died on 14 March 2023, at the age of 82. Loshchinin's obituary by the Russian Foreign Ministry noted that he was "an outstanding diplomat and statesman." In addition to his native Russian, Loshchinin spoke English and French.

## Honours and awards

Over his career Loshchinin had received several awards and honours. He received the Order of Friendship on 5 April 1999, and the Order "For Merit to the Fatherland" Fourth Class on 21 September 2003. He received the next level of the award, the Order "For Merit to the Fatherland" Third Class, on 12 March 2010. On 8 September 2015, he was awarded the Order of Alexander Nevsky.

Belarus awarded Loshchinin their Order of the Friendship of Peoples on 25 August 2005, and on 9 December 2015 he was awarded the Belarusian Order of Honor, receiving the award from the Belarusian ambassador to Russia Igor Petrishenko at a ceremony at the Embassy of Belarus, Moscow on 11 February 2016. Loshchinin also received the honorary title Honoured Worker of the Diplomatic Service of Russia, on 10 February 2012.

## InfoBox

| Valery Loshchinin | |
| --- | --- |
| Валерий Лощинин | |
| Loshchinin in 2005 | |
|  | |
| Permanent Representative of Russia to the UN Office and other International Organizations in Geneva | |
| **In office**
26 December 2005  5 December 2011 | |
| Preceded by | Leonid Skotnikov |
| Succeeded by | Aleksey Borodavkin |
| Permanent Representative of Russia to the Conference on Disarmament | |
| **In office**
26 December 2005  5 December 2011 | |
| Preceded by | Leonid Skotnikov |
| Succeeded by | Aleksey Borodavkin |
| Permanent Representative of Russia to International Organizations in Vienna | |
| **In office**
18 March 1999  7 April 2001 | |
| Preceded by | Oleg Sokolev |
| Succeeded by | Grigory Berdennikov |
| Ambassador of Russia to Belarus | |
| **In office**
25 November 1996  24 February 1999 | |
| Preceded by | Igor Saprykin |
| Succeeded by | Vyacheslav Dolgov |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1940-09-11)11 September 1940
Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union |
| Died | 14 March 2023(2023-03-14) (aged 82) |
| Alma mater | Belarusian State University
Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs |
| Awards | Order "For Merit to the Fatherland" Third and Fourth Class
Order of Alexander Nevsky
Order of Friendship
Order of the Friendship of Peoples (Belarus)
Order of Honor (Belarus) |
|  | |


title: Vadgaon Maval

abstract: Vadgaon or Vadgaon Maval is a census town and nagar panchayat in Mawal taluka, Pune district, in the Indian state of Maharashtra. Vadgaon is famous for its Jain and Potoba Maharaj temples and Mhadaji shinde garden.

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# Vadgaon Maval

**Vadgaon** or **Vadgaon Maval** (formerly spelled **Wadgaon** or **Wargaum**) (Marathi: वडगाव मावळ ) is a census town and nagar panchayat in Mawal taluka, Pune district, in the Indian state of Maharashtra. Vadgaon is famous for its Jain and Potoba Maharaj temples and Mhadaji shinde garden.

## Administration

As a Nagar panchayat, Vadgaon is the headquarters for administration of Katavi and is headed by a *nagaradhasha* elected representative. At the time of the 2011 Census of India, it was a self-contained nagar panchayat, meaning that it governed no other constituent villages. It is Maval Taluka's main village. It is mainly divided into Chavan Wada, Dhore Wada, Mhalaskar Vasti, Kude Wada, Chavan Nagar, Mali Nagar, Bhilare Wasti, Keshav Nagar.Deccan hill.

## Demographics

As of 2001 India census, had a population of 14,600. Males constituted 52% of the population and females 48%. The average literacy rate was 75%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy was 80%, and female literacy was 69%. In Vadgaon, 13% of the population was under 6.

## History

In the First Anglo-Maratha War, Wadgaon (as the name was then spelled) was the site of the Battle of Wadgaon वडगावची लढाई in which the Maratha Empire inflicted a defeat on the East India Company and of a treaty in which the British made considerable concessions.

## InfoBox

| Vadgaon | |
| --- | --- |
| town | |
| Parshwa Prandyalay Jain Temple | |
| VadgaonLocation in Maharashtra, IndiaVadgaonVadgaon (India) | |
| Coordinates: 18°44′55″N 73°38′28″E / 18.7486°N 73.641°E / 18.7486; 73.641 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Maharashtra |
| District | Pune |
| Population (2001) | |
| Total | 11,359 |
| Languages | |
| Official | Marathi |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |


title: Vadgaon Sheri

abstract: Wadgaonsheri also spelled as "Vadgaonsheri" is an upmarket residential and commercial neighborhood of Pune, India located off the Nagar Road and centrally located all within 5 to 10 minutes drive to Viman Nagar Airport, Kalyani Nagar, Koregaon Park, Kharadi to name a few. Earlier a village outside the city, It is now one of the luxury upmarket areas of Pune, with real estate prices being quite high and increasing. It is an upscale luxury residential location due to easy accessibility to work and leisure as well as good educational institutions, making it a coveted and highly sought after residential destination. A significant central section of Wadgaonsheri, Digambar Nagar, has been renamed New Kalyani Nagar given the massive new upscale constructions from several prominent real estate organizations in the city and also its strategic location in close proximity to posh area of Kalyani Nagar. The entire locality is bounded by Nagar Road towards north and Mula Mutha River towards south. Also, the upscale area of Koregaon Park and IT hub of Kharadi are easily accessible, nearly 5 km, from Wadgaonsheri. Several apartment complexes, completed as well as developing, are spread across the locality. Wadgaonsheri (Ramwadi) is also home to many NGOs and Educational Societies like Christ College and De Nobili College, "The largest Jesuit scholasticate in the world."

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# Vadgaon Sheri

**Wadgaonsheri** (Wadgaon Sheri) also spelled as "**Vadgaonsheri" (PMC office located in** **Nagar Road)** is an upmarket residential and commercial neighborhood of Pune, India located off the Nagar Road and centrally located all within 5 to 10 minutes drive to **Viman Nagar Airport, Kalyani Nagar, Koregaon Park, Kharadi** to name a few. Earlier a village outside the city, It is now one of the luxury upmarket areas of Pune, with real estate prices being quite high and increasing. It is an upscale luxury residential location due to easy accessibility to work and leisure as well as good educational institutions, making it a coveted and highly sought after residential destination. A significant central section of Wadgaonsheri, Digambar Nagar, has been renamed **New Kalyani Nagar** given the massive new upscale constructions from several prominent real estate organizations in the city and also its strategic location in close proximity to posh area of **Kalyani Nagar**. The entire locality is bounded by **Nagar Road** towards north and **Mula Mutha River** towards south. Also, the upscale area of Koregaon Park and IT hub of Kharadi are easily accessible, nearly **5 km**, from **Wadgaonsheri.** Several apartment complexes, completed as well as developing, are spread across the locality. **Wadgaonsheri (Ramwadi)** is also home to many NGOs and Educational Societies like **Christ College** and **De Nobili College**, "The largest **Jesuit** scholasticate in the world."

## Location

**Wadgaonsheri** is located at and shares borders with

The entire neighborhood of Wadgaonsheri lies along the Nagar Road. Other major roads in this locality are the Somnath Nagar Road, Anand Park Road, Wadgaonsheri Main Road and Kalyani Nagar Road. The Pune Junction is about 6.5 kilometers from Wadgaonsheri while the Pune International Airport at Lohgaon is just about 5 kilometers away. City centers like Shivajinagar, Deccan Gymkhana, Mahatma Gandhi Road, Camp, Hadapsar are all within a radius of nine to ten kilometers. The Yerwada Central Jail and the Pune Mental Hospital too are situated five kilometers.

## Transport

Wadgaonsheri is serviced by the PMPML & Metro (Kalyani Nagar). Buses connect it to other parts of Pune like Manpa (Bus no.165) and Kumbre Park. Anand Park Being connected to Manpa by bus no. 133; Sainathnagar to Manpa by bus no. 133 and to Kumbre Park; Shubham Society connected to Manpa by bus no. 132. New Bus service include Wadgaonsheri via Anand Park to Manpa (bus no. 133A) and Wadgaonsheri via Shubham Society to Manpa (bus no. 132A).

More recently Pune Metro Rail line has been planned to pass through Wadgaonsheri - Ramwadi area.

### Other modes

Other modes of transport are auto rickshaw, six-seaters, private buses and vehicles.

## Population

The total population is estimated to be around 5 lakhs +.

## Economy

Wadgaonsheri is home to many information technology companies like Barclays, Amazon, FiServ, Mindcrest India Private Limited, Mlogica Computech India Private Limited, E Space IT Park, Azhar Pathan IT Agency. Warehouses such as Myntra, Dhelivery, Amazon, Flipkart are also very prominent. With a number of growing Cloud-Kitchens that have their stores registered on Zomato have been catering to a large working and business-class family population, based in Wadgaonsheri making it an ideal and sort after location for any start-up venture looking to enter the Pune East Economy while living centrally close to all and raising children.

## Prominent Luxury Residential Societies

* Brahma Suncity, Brahma The Collection
* Fashion Residences
* Nyati Enchante, Nyati Meadows
* Kumar Kruti
* Belmac Residences
* Shubh Shagun
* Windsor Estate

## Nearby Landmarks

## Education

Schools and colleges include:

* St. Arnold's Central School
* Bishop's Co-Ed School
* Acharya Anand Rushiji Maharaj Primary School
* Lonkar Madhyamik Vidyalay & College
* Stella Maris English School
* Fr. Agnel's Vidyankur School
* Christ College
* Shivraj Vidya Mandir
* Mother Teresa School & Junior College
* L.T. Inamdar Marathi School
* L.T. Inamdar Urdu School
* L.T. Inamdar English School
* Anjali English School
* Indian Education Soc. School
* St. Francis de Sales High School
* Sundarbai Marathe Vidyalaya
* EUROKIDS International Preschool

## Health

Some of the hospitals include:

* Kurkute Hospital
* Sahyadri Hospital, Shastri Nagar
* Niramay Hospital
* Anup Hospital
* Damodar Ravji Galande Clinic Shastri Nagar (Run by the PMC)
* Kilbil Hospital
* Chintamani Hospital
* Vinayak Hospital
* Columbia Asia Hospital (Kharadi Mundhawa road)
* Family Care Clinic, Somnathnagar
* Maa Saheb Thackrey Clinic (Run by PMC)

## InfoBox

| Vadgaon Sheri | |
| --- | --- |
| Neighborhood | |
| Nickname: Vadgaon | |
| Vadgaon SheriLocation in Maharashtra, India | |
| Coordinates: 18°33′12″N 73°55′23″E / 18.5533°N 73.9231°E / 18.5533; 73.9231 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Maharashtra |
| District | Pune |
| Government | |
| Body | Pune Municipal Corporation |
| Languages | |
| Official | Marathi, English |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 411014 |
| Telephone code | 020- |
| Vehicle registration | MH-12 |
| Lok Sabha constituency | Pune |
| Vidhan Sabha constituency | Wadgaon Sheri |
| Civic agency | Pune Municipal Corporation |


title: Valletta Cup

abstract: The Valletta Cup is a recurring Twenty20 International cricket tournament for associate members of the International Cricket Council in Europe. It is organised by the Malta Cricket Association, with the format being round-robin matches followed by a final; all matches are played at the Marsa Sports Club in Marsa, Malta. The first edition was held in 2019.

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# Valletta Cup

The **Valletta Cup** is a recurring Twenty20 International cricket tournament for associate members of the International Cricket Council in Europe. It is organised by the Malta Cricket Association, with the format being round-robin matches followed by a final; all matches are played at the Marsa Sports Club in Marsa, Malta. The first edition was held in 2019.

## 2019

The 2019 Valletta Cup was held between 17 and 20 October 2019. Four teams were involved: Malta, the Czech Republic, Iceland and a Hungary XI. Only matches played between Malta and the Czech Republic had official Twenty20 International (T20I) status. Czech Republic beat the Hungarian XI in the final.

## 2021

The 2021 tournament was held between 21 and 24 October 2021. The four teams were Malta, Bulgaria, Gibraltar and Switzerland. Malta defeated Switzerland in the final, while Bulgaria defeated Gibraltar in the third-place playoff.

## 2022

In 2022, the competition was expanded to six teams: Malta, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Gibraltar, Hungary and Romania. It was held between 10 and 15 May 2022, and Romania defeated Malta in the final.

## 2023

In 2023, the tournament was contested by Malta, France, Luxembourg, Romania and Switzerland between 12 and 16 July. Switzerland won all of their matches in the round-robin stage before defeating Malta in the final.

## 2024

In 2024 the tournament was contested by women's teams for the first time. Malta, Greece, Isle of Man and Serbia were joined by a team from the MCC for the competition held between 21 and 24 August. MCC topped the group stages after winning all their matches but waived their place in the final which was instead contested by second place Isle of Man and third place Greece. Isle of Man won by seven wickets to claim the trophy.

## InfoBox

Valletta Cup
| Countries | Malta |
| --- | --- |
| Administrator | Malta Cricket Association |
| Format | Twenty20 International, Women's Twenty20 International |
| First edition | 2019 |
| Latest edition | 2024 |
| Current trophy holder | Isle of Man |


title: Valisvarar Temple, Sevur

abstract: Valisvarar Temple is a Siva temple in Sevur in Tiruppur in Tamil Nadu, India.

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# Valisvarar Temple, Sevur

**Valisvarar Temple** is a Siva temple in Sevur in Tiruppur in Tamil Nadu, India.

## Vaippu Sthalam

It is one of the shrines of the Vaippu Sthalams sung by Tamil Saivite Nayanar Sambandar and Sundarar.

## Presiding deity

The presiding deity is known as Valisvarar. The Goddess is known as Aram Valartha Nayaki.

## Speciality

This place was worshipped by Vali.

## InfoBox

| Valisvarar Temple, Sevur | |
| --- | --- |
| Religion | |
| Affiliation | Hinduism |
| District | Tiruppur |
| Deity | Valeeswarar |
| Festivals | Maha Shivaratri |
| Location | |
| Location | Sevur |
| State | Tamil Nadu |
| Country | India |
| Valeeswarar Temple, Sevur, Tiruppur, Tamil Nadu | |
| Geographic coordinates | 11°14′56.4″N 77°14′20.6″E / 11.249000°N 77.239056°E / 11.249000; 77.239056 |
| Architecture | |
| Type | Dravidian architecture |
| Specifications | |
| Temple(s) | One |
| Elevation | 366.58 m (1,203 ft) |


title: Valitor

abstract: Valitor is a merchant services, acquirer, card issuer and payment gateway solutions company headquartered in Hafnarfjörður, Iceland. Valitor is Visa's and Mastercard's partner in Iceland and offers various online and e-commerce solutions internationally.

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# Valitor

**Valitor** is a merchant services, acquirer, card issuer and payment gateway solutions company headquartered in Hafnarfjörður, Iceland. Valitor is Visa's and Mastercard's partner in Iceland and offers various online and e-commerce solutions internationally.

## History

Valitor was founded in 1983 by five banks and thirteen savings banks under the name Visa Iceland. In 2007 Greiðslumiðlun hf. changed its name to Valitor in a move to further its international services.

On 7 December 2010, following the leak of the US diplomatic cables in February 2010 and the leak of Afghan War documents in July 2010, Valitor suspended payments towards the data company DataCell, the company processing donations for WikiLeaks. On 12 July 2012 a Reykjavík court ruled that Valitor had to start processing donations within fourteen days on pain of daily fines to the amount of ISK 800,000 for each day after that time, to open the payment gateway. Valitor also had to pay DataCell's litigation costs of ISK 1,500,000.

In 2015, Valitor was selected as one of six companies to service ApplePay in Europe.

In July 2017, Valitor bought UK based Chip & PIN Solutions.

In April 2020, Valitor courted controversy as it was accused of using the COVID-19 pandemic to sack staff. The issue arose when Valitor fired 14 entry level staff at its Glasgow branch, claiming they were “restructuring the business”. However, the company is said to have kept on all its HR and senior management by putting them on furlough.

### Acquisition by Rapyd

Valitor is now part of Rapyd, a global payment processing and fintech-as-a-service company founded in 2016 as a consumer-mode e-wallet called CashDash. It was the first e-wallet launched in 2017 and the company built an API that enables customers to access a range of financial services, including payouts, foreign exchange fund collection, card issuance, fund disbursements, and virtual IBAN accounts, among others.

## InfoBox

Valitor hf.
|
|  |
| Company type | Private |
| Industry | Electronic Payment Services |
| Founded | 1983 (as Visa Iceland) |
| Headquarters | Hafnarfjörður, Iceland |
| Services | Payment Services, Payment gateway |
| Website | www.valitor.com |


title: Varketili (Tbilisi Metro)

abstract: Varketili is a station of the Tbilisi Metro on the Akhmeteli–Varketili Line. It opened in 1981 and was renovated in 2007 and 2017 and is in progress of yet another renovation in 2023. Varketili is the last station on line 1 and is the nearest to the airport.

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# Varketili (Tbilisi Metro)

**Varketili** (Georgian: ვარკეთილი) is a station of the Tbilisi Metro on the Akhmeteli–Varketili Line. It opened in 1981 and was renovated in 2007 and 2017 and is in progress of yet another renovation in 2023. Varketili is the last station on line 1 and is the nearest to the airport.

## 2018 Incident

In January 2018, only a few months after the updated station was opened, the roof of the station collapsed due to the vibrations made by the trains' old and loud motors. Vibrations from flat spots on the rails also contributed to the structural deterioration of the roof. 14 people were injured and thankfully there were no deaths. This was caused by poor build quality by the company Kvarelmsheni LTD. After the incident, some employees of the company were sued. From that time until December 2022, The ceiling was full of drywall holding accessories. In December 2022, a company known as Mamisoni LTD decided to partner with the Tbilisi Transport Company and renovate the station again.

## Modernization

In February 2023, modernization began for Varketili Station, which was in dire need of repairs after the 2018 tragedy. The new station will have new escalators, replacing the old Soviet ones, and will also have the remains of the old ceiling, which contained asbestos, removed. The station will receive a completely new design, by Georgian company "DODO designs". Along with the visual changes, the station will receive new LED lights, electrical systems, plumbing, and general infrastructure. The entire project is set to cost 13.4 million GEL.

Along with the announcement, the Tbilisi Mayor, Kakha Kaladze, disclosed information regarding the station's rehabilitation:

"We are starting the rehabilitation works of the Varketili metro. Certain works were carried out under the previous Mayor, but we remember what a miserable result happened in the Varketili metro, I mean the collapse of the ceiling. Since then, it has not been possible to carry out these works. There were too many problems with companies taking responsibility. The company that will perform the mentioned works is "Bada Construction", which also carries out the rehabilitation works of Avlabari metro. The total value of the contract is 13.4 million GEL, which includes the complete rehabilitation of the interior and internal infrastructure of the station. Among them, the existing asbestos ceiling will be dismantled and a new ceiling will be installed with modern materials. The company will start work on February 9 and it will be implemented according to all established norms and standards. The term of performance of works was determined for 18 months. The mentioned project should be completed by the summer of next year. We will have to close the metro station for about 2 months, between June and August, for the safe dismantling/installation of the asbestos ceiling in the lower platform and inclined tunnel of the Varketili metro station. During the metro station closure period, we will do our best and try to add transport lines to the Varketili direction, with the appropriate number of buses, in order to help passengers reach their destination as much as possible,"

## InfoBox

| Varketili | |
| --- | --- |
| Tbilisi Metro station | |
| Appearance of Varketili station after its second modernization, from 2006 to 2017. | |
| General information | |
| Coordinates | 41°41′28″N 44°52′14″E / 41.691101°N 44.870428°E / 41.691101; 44.870428 |
| Line(s) | Akhmeteli-Varketili Line |
| Platforms | Island platform |
| Tracks | 2 |
| Construction | |
| Structure type | single vault metro station |
| Platform levels | 2 (platform, vestibule) |
| History | |
| Opened | November 1981 (1981-11) |
| Rebuilt | 2006, 2017, 2023 |
| Electrified | 750v DC third rail |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station  Tbilisi Metro Following station  Samgoritowards Akhmetelis Teatri  Akhmeteli–Varketili Line  *Terminus* | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Vallbona de les Monges

abstract: Vallbona de les Monges is a municipality in the comarca of the Urgell in Catalonia, Spain. It is located at the southern end of the comarca, north of the Serra del Tallat, Catalan Pre-Coastal Range, where many wind turbines have been installed. The town has the most important convent in Catalonia, the Monastery of Santa Maria de Vallbona, belonging to the Order of Cistercians. The main income is derived from wine and olive oil production, as well as some cattle. There is a little tourism, but not enough to significantly lift the economy of the area.

text:
# Vallbona de les Monges

**Vallbona de les Monges** (Catalan pronunciation: \[ˌbaʎˈβɔna ðe lez ˈmɔɲʒes\]) is a municipality in the *comarca* of the Urgell in Catalonia, Spain. It is located at the southern end of the comarca, north of the Serra del Tallat, Catalan Pre-Coastal Range, where many wind turbines have been installed.

The town has the most important convent in Catalonia, the Monastery of Santa Maria de Vallbona, belonging to the Order of Cistercians. The main income is derived from wine and olive oil production, as well as some cattle. There is a little tourism, but not enough to significantly lift the economy of the area.

## Villages

**Vallbona de les Monges**, 157

## Demography

| 1900 | 1930 | 1950 | 1970 | 1986 | 2007 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1034 | 1084 | 921 | 395 | *n/a* | 247 |

## InfoBox

| Vallbona de les Monges | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| The monastery | |
|  | |
| Vallbona de les MongesLocation in Catalonia | |
| Coordinates: 41°31′37″N 1°05′26″E / 41.52694°N 1.09056°E / 41.52694; 1.09056 | |
| Country | Spain |
| Community | Catalonia |
| Province | Lleida |
| Comarca | Urgell |
| Government | |
| mayor | Ramon Bergadà Benet (2015) |
| Area | |
| Total | 34.1 km2 (13.2 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 481 m (1,578 ft) |
| Population (2018) | |
| Total | 234 |
| Density | 6.9/km2 (18/sq mi) |
| Demonym(s) | Vallboní, vallbonina |
| Website | vallbona.ddl.net |


title: Vallbona d'Anoia

abstract: Vallbona d'Anoia is a municipality in the comarca of Anoia in Catalonia, Spain. It is situated to the left of the Anoia river, on the road between Piera and Capellades. The town is served by a station on the FGC railway line R6 from Barcelona and Martorell to Igualada.

text:
# Vallbona d'Anoia

**Vallbona d'Anoia** (Catalan pronunciation: \[ˌbaʎˈβɔnə ðəˈnɔjə\]) is a municipality in the *comarca* of Anoia in Catalonia, Spain. It is situated to the left of the Anoia river, on the road between Piera and Capellades. The town is served by a station on the FGC railway line R6 from Barcelona and Martorell to Igualada.

## Transportation

Train line connecting Igualada with Barcelona has a stop for boarding on both ways of the line.

* Panareda Clopés, Josep Maria; Rios Calvet, Jaume; Rabella Vives, Josep Maria (1989). *Guia de Catalunya*, Barcelona: Caixa de Catalunya. ISBN 84-87135-01-3 (Spanish). ISBN 84-87135-02-1 (Catalan).

| Autoritat del Transport Metropolità
Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Line R6 | | | | |
| Barcelona
(Plaça d'Espanya) |  | **Vallbona d'Anoia** |  | Igualada |

## InfoBox

| Vallbona d'Anoia | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Vallbona d'AnoiaLocation in CataloniaVallbona d'AnoiaVallbona d'Anoia (Spain) | |
| Coordinates: 41°31′15″N 1°42′32″E / 41.52083°N 1.70889°E / 41.52083; 1.70889 | |
| Country | Spain |
| Community | Catalonia |
| Province | Barcelona |
| Comarca | Anoia |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Joan Garcia Semitiel (2015) |
| Area | |
| Total | 6.4 km2 (2.5 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 289 m (948 ft) |
| Population (2018) | |
| Total | 1,399 |
| Density | 220/km2 (570/sq mi) |
| Demonym | Vallbonenc |
| Website | www.vallbonadanoia.cat |


title: Varicoturris

abstract: Varicoturris is a genus of predatory air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Spiraxidae.

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# Varicoturris

***Varicoturris*** is a genus of predatory air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Spiraxidae.

## Distribution

The distribution of the genus *Varicoturris* includes Mexico and Guatemala.

## Species

There are five species within two subgenera in the genus *Varicoturris*:

Subgenus *Vericoturris* Pilsbry, 1907

Subgenus *Streptostylella* Pilsbry, 1908

## InfoBox

| *Varicoturris* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| (unranked): | clade Heterobranchia
clade Euthyneura
clade Panpulmonata
clade Eupulmonata
clade Stylommatophora

informal group Sigmurethra |
| Superfamily: | Testacelloidea |
| Family: | Spiraxidae |
| Subfamily: | Euglandininae |
| Genus: | ***Varicoturris***
Pilsbry, 1907 |
|
| Diversity | |
| 5 species | |