title: Meg Greenfield

abstract: Mary Ellen Greenfield, known as Meg Greenfield, was an American editorial writer who worked for the Washington Post and Newsweek. She was also a Washington, D.C., insider, known for her wit. Greenfield won a Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Writing. A book she authored was published posthumously.

text:
# Meg Greenfield

**Mary Ellen Greenfield** (December 27, 1930 – May 13, 1999), known as **Meg Greenfield**, was an American editorial writer who worked for the *Washington Post* and *Newsweek*. She was also a Washington, D.C., insider, known for her wit. Greenfield won a Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Writing.

A book she authored was published posthumously.

## Life and career

Greenfield was born in Seattle, the daughter of Lorraine (Nathan) and Lewis James Greenfield. Her family was Jewish. She attended The Bush School and graduated summa cum laude from Smith College in 1952. She also studied at Cambridge University as a Fulbright Scholar and was friends there with Norman Podhoretz, who also went on to a career in journalism.

From 1954 until her death in 1999, she was married to James Greenfield.

She became influential in a male-dominated world and a close confidante of *Post* publisher Katharine Graham. She spent 20 years as the editorial page editor for *The Washington Post* and 25 years as a columnist for Newsweek. She influenced generations of Washington Post writers.

When diagnosed with cancer, Greenfield partly retired to Bainbridge Island in her native Washington, where she wrote a posthumously published memoir entitled *Washington*. She died of the disease, at age 68.

Greenfield was portrayed by Carrie Coon in 2017 film, *The Post*.

## Awards and honors

## Bibliography

* Greenfield, Meg (2001). *Washington*. Public Affairs. ISBN 978-1586480271.

## InfoBox

| Meg Greenfield | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | Mary Ellen Greenfield
(1930-12-27)December 27, 1930
Seattle, Washington, U.S. |
| Died | May 13, 1999(1999-05-13) (aged 68)
Georgetown, Washington, D.C., U.S. |
| Alma mater |  |
| Occupation | Editorial writer |
| Employers |  |


title: Valente Quintero

abstract: Valente Quintero was a Mexican sub-lieutenant who is remembered today for his duel against Martín Elenes on March 19, 1922. The event resulted in the death of both men, and was popularized in song as a corrido written by Rosendo Monzón, and as a popular 1973 movie adapted from Monzón's corrido. He participated in the maderistas forces until his triumph in Sinaloa. He was born in 1887, in the hamlet of Bamopa, in the Badiraguato Municipality. Valente's widow, Martina Ortiz de Quintero, was interviewed by Francisco Gil Leyva about the events that took place on that day.

text:
# Valente Quintero

**Valente Quintero** (1887  March 19, 1922) was a Mexican sub-lieutenant who is remembered today for his duel against Martín Elenes on March 19, 1922. The event resulted in the death of both men, and was popularized in song as a corrido written by Rosendo Monzón, and as a popular 1973 movie adapted from Monzón's corrido.

He participated in the maderistas forces until his triumph in Sinaloa. He was born in 1887, in the hamlet of Bamopa, in the Badiraguato Municipality. Valente's widow, Martina Ortiz de Quintero, was interviewed by Francisco Gil Leyva about the events that took place on that day.

Valente Quintero's life was dramatized in music and film. Songwriter Rosendo Monzón wrote the lyrics of Quintero's last moments and his death, and Antonio Aguilar portrayed him in the film *Valente Quintero*, which he produced and co-wrote. Singer-actress Lucha Villa has also sung the corrido of Valente Quintero.

## InfoBox

| Valente Quintero | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1887
Bamopa, Badiraguato Municipality, Sinaloa |
| Died | March 19, 1922 (aged 34-35)
Babunica, Badiraguato Municipality, Sinaloa |
| Buried | Bamopa |
| Allegiance | State of Sinaloa, Mexico |
| Rank | Sub-lieutenant |


title: Solon McDade

abstract: Solon McDade is a Canadian musician and composer.

text:
# Solon McDade

**Solon McDade** (born March 1974 in Edmonton, Alberta) is a Canadian musician and composer.

## Career

He began playing the cello at age four. By the time he was nine, he was playing double bass, washtub bass, and violin in the McDade Family Band. In his teens he performed at various Canadian folk festivals, the Commonwealth Games, and for the British royal family. He attended MacEwan University and studied jazz at McGill University where he received his Master's Degree in 2017. While a student, he toured with Bill Bourne, Maria Dunn, and his sister Shannon Johnson. He has received nominations by the Juno Awards and Aria Awards. He has worked with Luther Johnson, Billy Boy Arnold, Wildchild Butler, Michael Coleman, Susie Arioli and Jordan Officer.

He formed the McDades in 2000 with his sister Shannon Johnson and his brother, Jeremiah McDade. Their album *Bloom* (2007) was given the Juno Award for best roots/traditional album by a group. It also won an Independent Music Award and two Canadian Folk Music Awards. In 2018 he released his debut album, *Murals*.

## Discography

**As leader**

* *Murals*

**With The McDades**

* *Bloom*
* *For Reel*

**With Terry McDade**

* *Harpe Danse*
* *Midwinter*
* *Noel*

**With Maria Dunn**

* *For a Song*
* *We Were Good People*
* *From Where I Stand*
* *The Peddler*
* *Gathering*

**With others**

* Susie Arioli, *Pennies from Heaven* featuring Ralph Sutton
* Bill Bourne, *Farmer, Philanthropist and Musician*
* Bourne & Johnson, *Victory Train*
* Bob Jahrig, *Treetops*
* Jon McCaslin, *McCallum's Island*
* David Wilkie with The McDades, *Cowboy Celtic*


title: Weirdo Gallagher Vortex

abstract: "Weirdo Gallagher Vortex" is the third episode of the ninth season of the American television comedy drama Shameless, an adaptation of the British series of the same name. It is the 99th overall episode of the series and was written by co-executive producer Joe Lawson, and directed by Kat Coiro. It originally aired on Showtime on September 23, 2018. The series is set on the South Side of Chicago, Illinois, and depicts the poor, dysfunctional family of Frank Gallagher, a neglectful single father of six: Fiona, Phillip, Ian, Debbie, Carl, and Liam. He spends his days drunk, high, or in search of money, while his children need to learn to take care of themselves. In the episode, Frank discovers Mo is involved in a scandal, while Fiona and Ford fight over her decision in the investment. Meanwhile, Ian seeks answers over his new purpose, while Debbie questions her sexuality. According to Nielsen Media Research, the episode was seen by an estimated 1.05 million household viewers and gained a 0.39 ratings share among adults aged 18–49. The episode received mixed reviews from critics, who questioned the logic and writing of the episode, particularly over Lip's storyline.

text:
# Weirdo Gallagher Vortex

"**Weirdo Gallagher Vortex**" is the third episode of the ninth season of the American television comedy drama *Shameless*, an adaptation of the British series of the same name. It is the 99th overall episode of the series and was written by co-executive producer Joe Lawson, and directed by Kat Coiro. It originally aired on Showtime on September 23, 2018.

The series is set on the South Side of Chicago, Illinois, and depicts the poor, dysfunctional family of Frank Gallagher, a neglectful single father of six: Fiona, Phillip, Ian, Debbie, Carl, and Liam. He spends his days drunk, high, or in search of money, while his children need to learn to take care of themselves. In the episode, Frank discovers Mo is involved in a scandal, while Fiona and Ford fight over her decision in the investment. Meanwhile, Ian seeks answers over his new purpose, while Debbie questions her sexuality.

According to Nielsen Media Research, the episode was seen by an estimated 1.05 million household viewers and gained a 0.39 ratings share among adults aged 18–49. The episode received mixed reviews from critics, who questioned the logic and writing of the episode, particularly over Lip's storyline.

## Plot

Ian (Cameron Monaghan) finds himself confused over his new purpose. He prays to "Shim", but is frustrated that he does not receive answers. He visits many churches across the city, but is not convinced by the priests' advices. When he asks Debbie (Emma Kenney) over it, she simply tells him he is not "Gay Jesus", telling him "why don’t you stop trying to save the world and save yourself?"

Carl (Ethan Cutkosky) wants to get a recommendation to West Point from a local congressman, Wayne Ubberman (Don Stark). When Veronica (Shanola Hampton) discovers it, she realizes Ubberman was a usual client when she was a dominatrix. She decides to help Carl by dominating Ubberman in his office. Afterwards, Carl receives his letter of recommendation. Fiona (Emmy Rossum) tells Ford (Richard Flood) about her investment, but he is not delighted with the news, as he feels Max may try to scam her. Liam (Christian Isaiah) starts public school, and makes a deal with another student for protection against Sissy, a bully.

Kevin (Steve Howey) discovers that a newspaper named the Alibi as the "rapiest bar" in Chicago. He decides to renovate part of the bar, and gets some customers to sign consensual agreements releasing them from all responsibility. Frank (William H. Macy) continues helping Mo White (Dan Lauria) with his campaign by visiting many houses to get support. While walking, Frank discovers that Mo is carrying an ankle monitor. Mo finally reveals that he is not allowed near schools, as he had to quit the Congress after he had a sexual relationship with a minor, but he claims the girl lied about her age. He served time in prison and is currently in parole. Frank debates whether to continue supporting him, but eventually convinces the Alibi that Mo has served his time and deserves a second chance.

Lip (Jeremy Allen White) is forced to go to the hospital when Xan (Amirah Johnson) breaks her arm. He wants to release her, but the hospital forbids him from doing it as he is not her family or legal guardian. Desperate, he pulls the plug on an elderly patient; while the doctors check on him, they escape the hospital. Debbie gets her revenge at the construction workers after Alex (Ashley Romans) helps her weld their cars. Afterwards, they share a kiss. Fiona returns to the apartment, finding a naked Ford in the bed. He wants to apologize for his behavior, and Fiona gleefully shuts the door behind her.

## Production

### Development

The episode was written by co-executive producer Joe Lawson, and directed by Kat Coiro. It was Lawson's first writing credit, and Coiro's first directing credit.

## Reception

### Viewers

In its original American broadcast, "Weirdo Gallagher Vortex" was seen by an estimated 1.05 million household viewers with a 0.39 in the 18–49 demographics. This means that 0.39 percent of all households with televisions watched the episode. This was a slight decrease in viewership from the previous episode, which was seen by an estimated 1.12 million household viewers with a 0.39 in the 18–49 demographics.

### Critical reviews

"Weirdo Gallagher Vortex" received mixed reviews from critics. Myles McNutt of *The A.V. Club* gave the episode a "C" grade and wrote, "Ian spends the entirety of “Weirdo Gallagher Vortex” searching for answers, waiting for “Shim” to speak to him like they did when he was in prison. Funnily enough, I also spent the entirety of “Weirdo Gallagher Vortex” searching for answers, waiting for *Shameless* to shed light on why any of this is happening."

Derek Lawrence of *Entertainment Weekly* wrote "Just when you're beginning to wonder if the characters are starting to get on the straight and narrow (good for them, bad for us), they possibly kill a guy, endorse a pedophile, and resort to S&M to get a delinquent into West Point. Never change, Gallaghers, never change."

David Crow of *Den of Geek* gave the episode a 3.5 star rating out of 5 and wrote "It wasn't *Shameless*' finest hour, and for the sake of the season, I hope many of the plots start complementing each other better, as the series always works best when Gallaghers are all on the frontlines together, holding hands as they disappear into that titular vortex's goodnight. But it is still one episode I'm happy to drink with... just maybe not at the Alibi while Frank and Mo White are buying." Kimberly Ricci of *Uproxx* wrote "Debbie's questioning whether she's bisexual, but that's outweighed by Ian’s silly quest to talk to Shim and decide if he's really the Gay Che. No wonder the show's Reddit threads are full of people hoping Mickey will come back. The show hasn't seen a multi-faceted character since his departure, and the writers aren't granting that depth to Fiona."

Tamar Barbash of *Telltale TV* gave the episode a 4 star rating out of 5 and wrote "Sometimes a show gets lucky and current events sync up perfectly with the characters its created. *Shameless* Season 9 Episode 3, “Weirdo Gallagher Vortex,” benefits from this exact situation, and it makes for the best episode of the season thus far." Christopher Dodson of *Show Snob* wrote, "Kevin's sign is unlikely to work, and it is doubtful any of the patrons could properly seduce a woman into signing a consent form. However, Frank does have free shirts, donation's preferred. What more does Frank have planned to roll out the White is Right message?"

Jade Budowski of *Decider* wrote "As much as I enjoy spending time with these characters, this installment only really proves that there may not be many new stories to tell about the Gallaghers after all." Paul Dailly of *TV Fanatic* gave the episode a 2 star rating out of 5, and wrote, "\[The episode\] was another frustrating hour of this once-hot Showtime drama, and it only made me wonder why the show is pressing forward with the dull and predictable storylines."

## InfoBox

| "**Weirdo Gallagher Vortex**" | |
| --- | --- |
| *Shameless* episode | |
| Episode no. | Season 9<br>Episode 3 |
| Directed by | Kat Coiro |
| Written by | Joe Lawson |
| Cinematography by | Anthony Hardwick |
| Editing by | Russell Denove |
| Original release date | September 23, 2018 (2018-09-23) |
| Running time | 55 minutes |
| Guest appearances | |
|  | |
|
|


title: The Friendly Guide to Music

abstract: The Friendly Guide to Music by Darren Henley is a book and CD about classical music published in 2006. That year, English actor and presenter Tony Robinson presented a radio series of the same name on Classic FM. It covers the period from early music, Medieval and Renaissance music, to the modern era, 20th-century classical music, contemporary classical music, and 21st-century classical music, and its objective is to create a guide to music that is not needlessly complex.

text:
# The Friendly Guide to Music

***The Friendly Guide to Music*** by Darren Henley is a book and CD about classical music published in 2006. That year, English actor and presenter Tony Robinson presented a radio series of the same name on Classic FM.

It covers the period from early music, Medieval and Renaissance music, to the modern era, 20th-century classical music, contemporary classical music, and 21st-century classical music, and its objective is to create a guide to music that is not needlessly complex.


title: Painter and Limner

abstract: The Painter and Limner is a member of the Royal Household in Scotland. Appointments of Court Painters are recorded from 1581 onwards, and the post of Painter and Limner was created in 1702 for George Ogilvie. The duties included "drawing pictures of our [the Monarch's] person or of our successors or others of our royal family for the decorment of our houses and palaces". From 1723 to 1823 the office was a sinecure held by members of the Abercrombie family, not necessarily connected with artistic ability. The appointment of Sir Henry Raeburn in 1823, a few months before his death marked a return to conferring the post on a distinguished Scottish artist. He was succeeded by David Wilkie. From 1841 until 1932, the salary attached to the office was £100. Since 1932 the appointment has been unpaid and there has been no requirement for the holder to produce works for either the monarch or the state. Until 1864 appointments were made by commission under the Privy Seal. Since 1908 appointments have been by warrant under the royal sign manual. The post was held by Dame Elizabeth Blackadder from 2001 until her death in 2021.

text:
# Painter and Limner

The **Painter and Limner** is a member of the Royal Household in Scotland. Appointments of Court Painters are recorded from 1581 onwards, and the post of Painter and Limner was created in 1702 for George Ogilvie. The duties included "drawing pictures of our \[the Monarch's\] person or of our successors or others of our royal family for the decorment of our houses and palaces". From 1723 to 1823 the office was a sinecure held by members of the Abercrombie family, not necessarily connected with artistic ability. The appointment of Sir Henry Raeburn in 1823, a few months before his death marked a return to conferring the post on a distinguished Scottish artist. He was succeeded by David Wilkie.

From 1841 until 1932, the salary attached to the office was £100. Since 1932 the appointment has been unpaid and there has been no requirement for the holder to produce works for either the monarch or the state. Until 1864 appointments were made by commission under the Privy Seal. Since 1908 appointments have been by warrant under the royal sign manual.

The post was held by Dame Elizabeth Blackadder from 2001 until her death in 2021.

## Office holders

Holders of the office since 1823 are:

*Office vacant 1901-1908*

*Office vacant 1945-1948*


title: The Day She Paid

abstract: The Day She Paid is a 1919 American silent drama film directed by Rex Ingram and starring Francelia Billington, Charles Clary, and Harry von Meter.

text:
# The Day She Paid

***The Day She Paid*** is a 1919 American silent drama film directed by Rex Ingram and starring Francelia Billington, Charles Clary, and Harry von Meter.

## Plot

Set in Manhattan, New York, Marion Buckley receives a marriage proposal from Warren Rogers, a wealthy department store owner. Warren Rogers, however, is a widower with two daughters and has not taken the opportunity to remarry until now. However, Marion Buckley is very hesitant in accepting the marriage proposal, due to the fact that she had an affair with her employer, Leon Kessler and had promised to marry her. But after confronting Kessler with the news of the marriage proposal, he relents and promises to say nothing of the affair. Buckley and Rogers go on to get married, living happily together, until one day Kessler comes to visit, not to expose Buckley about the affair, but rather to ask for Rogers for his daughter, Ardath's, hand in marriage. Unsuspecting of anything, Rogers agrees to the marriage proposal, but in an effort to save Ardath from Kessler, hinting at an abusive relationship previously, Marion intervenes and tells Roger about the affair between the two. This enrages Rogers causing him to throw out Buckley stating that "sowing one's wild oats" is all right for a man, but not for a woman" . After this conflict, Marion decides to become a newspaper reporter in New York City where she encounters Kessler and learns that he is still chasing after Ardath, who is visiting New York with Rogers. In an attempt to save her from Kessler once again, Marion offers herself to him in exchange for him to leave Ardath alone for good. This conversation is heard through the door by Warren, and leads to him not only violently attack Kessler, but also take Marion back home, seemingly forgiving her.

## Cast

## Bibliography

* Leonhard Gmür. *Rex Ingram: Hollywood's Rebel of the Silver Screen*. 2013.
* “AFI CATALOG OF FEATURE FILMS.” *AFI*, https://catalog.afi.com/Film/17313-THE-DAYSHEPAID?sid=8c54cd8f-67cf-47ad-98ec-9340d9ab9b39&sr=14.666971&cp=1&pos=0.
* “The Day She Paid.” *IMDb*, IMDb.com, https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0010056/plotsummary?ref\_=tt\_ov\_pl.

## InfoBox

| The Day She Paid | |
| --- | --- |
| Still with Francelia Billington and Charles Clary | |
| Directed by | Rex Ingram |
| Written by | Hal Hoadley
J. Clarkson Miller |
| Based on | "Oats for the Woman"
by Fannie Hurst |
| Starring | Francelia Billington
Charles Clary
Harry von Meter |
| Cinematography | Stephen Rounds |
| Production
company | Universal Pictures |
| Distributed by | Universal Pictures |
| Release date | * December 1, 1919 (1919-12-01) |
| Running time | 5 reels |
| Country | United States |
| Language | Silent (English intertitles) |


title: Wemyss Ware

abstract: Wemyss Ware was a line of pottery first produced in 1882 by Czech decorator Karel Nekola and Fife pottery-owner Robert Heron. The pottery took its name from the Wemyss family, titled incumbents of Wemyss Castle on the east coast of Fife, who were early and enthusiastic patrons of Nekola and Heron's ceramic creations. After being desirable in its own day, the pottery subsequently became extremely popular with collectors. Since 1985, the name has been used by the Griselda Hill Pottery in Ceres, Fife.

text:
# Wemyss Ware

**Wemyss Ware** was a line of pottery first produced in 1882 by Czech decorator Karel Nekola and Fife pottery-owner Robert Heron. The pottery took its name from the Wemyss family, titled incumbents of Wemyss Castle on the east coast of Fife, who were early and enthusiastic patrons of Nekola and Heron's ceramic creations. After being desirable in its own day, the pottery subsequently became extremely popular with collectors. Since 1985, the name has been used by the Griselda Hill Pottery in Ceres, Fife.

## History

The Wemyss Ware name has gone through four distinct phases of use. In the period 1882–1930, it was used by the Fife Pottery in Kirkcaldy, and then from 1930 to 1957, it was used by the Bovey Pottery in Devon. From 1985 to the present day, it is used by the Griselda Hill Pottery in Ceres, Fife which owns the Wemyss Trade Mark.

### Wemyss pottery

One of several potteries in Kirkcaldy, the Fife Pottery or Gallatown Pottery was founded in 1817 by Archibald and Andrew Grey. It was bought ten years later by John Methven, and from there passed to Robert Heron. When his son, Robert Methven Heron (1833–1906) took over the pottery in around 1850, it became Robert Heron and Son.

By the 1880s, Robert Heron and Son were branding their products as "Wemyss ware" in honour of the Wemyss family who were avid and lucrative patrons. Karel Nekola, a native of Bohemia, was brought over to Kirkcaldy in about 1882 by Robert Heron to become head of the decorating shop there. Aged 25, he was the only one of a group of decorators to remain in Scotland, after Heron had returned from a Grand Tour of Europe with a group of Bohemian craftsmen. Nekola married Heron's cook, and the couple had six children.

Thomas Goode of London, an upmarket tableware retailer, had the exclusive right to sell Wemyss Ware in England.

Nekola's health began to deteriorate in 1910, and a pottery was built at his home in order to allow him to continue to work. He died in 1915, and was succeeded by Edwin Sandland, a painter from Staffordshire that descended from a long line of master-potters, who worked at the pottery until he died in 1928, aged 55.

### Devon

The original Fife pottery closed in 1930, during the Great Depression, and the rights to Wemyss Ware were bought by the Bovey pottery in Devon. Karel Nekola's son Joseph, himself a designer, moved to Devon, where he carried on producing Wemyss Ware and training apprentices, including Esther Weeks (née Clark). Joseph taught her painting techniques he had learned from his father.

A number of pieces produced during this time are marked as "Plichta." Jan Plichta was a Czech immigrant that sold and exported wholesale glass and pottery, and items he ordered from the Bovey Pottery were marked with his name. Some confusion exists between the Plichta and Wemyss names, as sometimes Wemyss decorators produced items for Plichta, but in the most part Plichta items are inferior in quality.

When Joseph died in 1952, Esther became head decorator and continued to paint Wemyss Ware until the Bovey Pottery closed in 1957 after a protracted strike by the workforce. The rights to the Wemyss name were assumed to be acquired by Royal Doulton, but they produced one piece of Wemyss, a commemorative goblet for the Queen Mother's 80th birthday. This piece also commemorated the centenary of Wemyss Ware, but was two years early, celebrating the production of Wemyss from 1880, when it had commenced in 1882.

### Revival

The Wemyss name was resurrected in the 1980s when Griselda Hill became interested in pottery while teaching art in London. She moved to Fife in 1984, and after seeing Wemyss Ware in the Kirkcaldy Museum and Art Gallery, she decided to create Wemyss Ware-inspired pottery. Since the first figure, a cat modelled on an original displayed in the museum, was produced, the line has grown. In 1994, the Wemyss Ware trademark was acquired by the Griselda Hill Pottery in Ceres, Fife. Esther Weeks taught the painters at Ceres techniques she learned from Joseph Nekola at Bovey.

## Style and technique

After moulding, the pottery was first fired at a low temperature to produce a porous biscuit body onto which paint could be applied. The colours were then applied, followed by a lead ceramic glaze, a technique known as underglazing. The pottery was then fired again at a low temperature in order to preserve the colour, making the product soft and fragile and contributing to the scarcity of original Wemyss. Pottery produced by the Griselda Hill pottery uses a different technique, and is much more robust.

Wemyss was decorated with natural subjects, such as fruit and flowers, in particular the cabbage rose, and British wildlife.

## Collecting

After being desirable in its own day, the pottery subsequently became extremely popular with collectors. The Queen Mother was a great fan of Wemyss, and is said to have amassed one of the largest private collections of the pottery.

The high value of Wemyss Ware has led to a proliferation of fakes, in particular of pigs. In 2004, a pair of sleeping piglets were sold for £34,800 each at the Sotheby's annual Scottish Sale.


title: Trojanovice

abstract: Trojanovice is a municipality and village in Nový Jičín District in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 2,800 inhabitants.

text:
# Trojanovice

**Trojanovice** is a municipality and village in Nový Jičín District in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 2,800 inhabitants.

## Geography

Trojanovice is located about 18 kilometres (11 mi) southeast of Nový Jičín and 30 km (19 mi) south of Ostrava. It lies in the Moravian-Silesian Beskids mountain range. The highest point is the Radhošť mountain at 1,129 m (3,704 ft) above sea level, the summit of which lies on the southern municipal border. The Lomná River flows through the municipality.

## History

The colonization of the area of Trojanovice by Vlachs began in the 16th century, when it belonged to Frenštát pod Radhoštěm. It was settled mostly by pastoralists. In 1748, it separated from Frenštát pod Radhoštěm as a self-governing municipality.

Between 1850 and 1900, almost 500 inhabitants of Trojanovice moved abroad, especially to Texas; their descendants live in Fayetteville, Weimar, Hostyn, Dubina or nearby.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Year Pop. ±%  1869 2,326       1880 2,190 −5.8%  1890 2,032 −7.2%  1900 2,088 +2.8%  1910 2,310 +10.6% | Year Pop. ±%  1921 2,060 −10.8%  1930 2,178 +5.7%  1950 2,047 −6.0%  1961 2,117 +3.4%  1970 2,040 −3.6% | Year Pop. ±%  1980 2,156 +5.7%  1991 1,953 −9.4%  2001 2,062 +5.6%  2011 2,261 +9.7%  2021 2,554 +13.0% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Source: Censuses | | |

## Transport

The I/58 road from Ostrava to Rožnov pod Radhoštěm passes through the western part of the municipal territory.

## Sport

The Pustevny Ski Resort is located in the southern part of the municipality. The cable car that leads to the Pustevny mountain saddle was built in 1940 and was the first of its kind in the world.

## Sights

On the Radhošť mountain there are located the Chapel of Saints Cyril and Methodius, and the Radegast statue by Albin Polasek (the original from 1929 was replaced with a copy in 1998).

The Velký Javorník mountain is one of the most visited tourist destination in the Moravian-Silesian Beskids. There is a 26 m (85 ft)-high wooden observation tower, a restaurant built in 1935, and a paragliding ramp.

## InfoBox

| Trojanovice | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Trojanovice seen from Radhošť | |
|  | |
| TrojanoviceLocation in the Czech Republic | |
| Coordinates: 49°31′13″N 18°14′17″E / 49.52028°N 18.23806°E / 49.52028; 18.23806 | |
| Country | Czech Republic |
| Region | Moravian-Silesian |
| District | Nový Jičín |
| Founded | 1748 |
| Area | |
| Total | 35.85 km2 (13.84 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 500 m (1,600 ft) |
| Population (2024-01-01) | |
| Total | 2,759 |
| Density | 77/km2 (200/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 744 01 |
| Website | www.trojanovice.cz |


title: Melanoplus angustipennis

abstract: Melanoplus angustipennis, known generally as narrow-winged spur-throat grasshopper, is a species of spur-throated grasshopper in the family Acrididae. Other common names include the narrow-winged sand grasshopper and narrow-winged locust. It is found in North America.

text:
# Melanoplus angustipennis

***Melanoplus angustipennis***, known generally as **narrow-winged spur-throat grasshopper**, is a species of spur-throated grasshopper in the family Acrididae. Other common names include the **narrow-winged sand grasshopper** and **narrow-winged locust**. It is found in North America.

## InfoBox

| *Melanoplus angustipennis* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Orthoptera |
| Suborder: | Caelifera |
| Family: | Acrididae |
| Tribe: | Melanoplini |
| Genus: | *Melanoplus* |
| Species: | ***M. angustipennis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Melanoplus angustipennis***<br>(Dodge, 1877) | |
|


title: Solon Johnson

abstract: Solon Johnson was a pioneer farmer from Port Washington, Wisconsin who spent two one-year terms as a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly from Washington County, Wisconsin and held various local offices, before moving on to become a prospector and miner in California and Montana.

text:
# Solon Johnson

**Solon Johnson** (April 1810 - November 19, 1886) was a pioneer farmer from Port Washington, Wisconsin who spent two one-year terms as a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly from Washington County, Wisconsin and held various local offices, before moving on to become a prospector and miner in California and Montana.

## Background

Johnson was born in April 1810 in the vicinity of Syracuse, New York. He came to Wisconsin Territory about 1838, and took up farming in the Town of Lake in Milwaukee County. By April 1842, he filed for bankruptcy there.

In 1843, Johnson was among the first permanent settlers of what was to become Port Washington, wading ashore with founder Wooster Harrison and a handful of others to raft families and luggage from their boat, to reestablish the foundering settlement. These early settlers became known as the "Yankee" element (even though many of them were Irish in origin), as distinguished from the German, Norwegian and Luxembourger immigrants who soon began to arrive.

Solon is described by Wisconsin historian Harry Cole as "slender of body, lank in limb, standing more than six feet five inches. He is said to have been kindly and magnanimous but somewhat eccentric, with a sense of humor revealed in various drolleries."

## Public office

In 1846, he became a member of the county board of supervisors, and upon the formal establishment of the Town of Port Washington, was elected to its first town board (equivalent to a city council). He was also the Democratic nominee for county sheriff. In early 1848 he was the Democratic candidate for the Wisconsin State Senate for Washington County, but lost to Frederick W. Horn, who was running as an "Independent Democrat" ("stump candidate", in the jargon of the era). In late 1848 he was elected as a Democrat to the State Assembly's 1st Washington County district, succeeding fellow Democrat Henry Allen, for the 1849 session (the 2nd Wisconsin Legislature). When he took office in January, he was reported as being 38 years old, from New York, and as having been in Wisconsin for nine years. He was assigned to the standing committees on roads, bridges and ferries; and on agriculture and manufactures. He was re-elected for the 1850 session. In 1850 he supported James Duane Doty, the Whig candidate for United States Representative, and was defeated for re-election; he was succeeded in the 1851 session by Horn, now the Democratic nominee.

## After the Assembly

Johnson remained in Port Washington until about 1856, when he left permanently for California. He had gone to California earlier, placer mining and doing other things. In 1864, he moved on to Alder Gulch, Montana, where he took up mining, and in 1865 to Silver Bow County, Montana, where he continued mining and prospecting, eventually settling in Butte. He was again active in the Democratic Party.

He died of pneumonia November 19, 1886 in Walkerville, Montana, having but recently returned from a trip to Milwaukee to visit old friends in southeastern Wisconsin. He was understood to have become quite prosperous, and had spent a good part of the previous two years in travel around the country. He was a Freemason, and his funeral was held at the local Masonic Temple. When his estate was appraised, it was valued at $10,680 equivalent to $362,170 in 2023.


title: Valeriano Pellegrini

abstract: Valeriano Pellegrini was an Italian soprano castrato singer of the 18th century. He is largely remembered today for his association with the composer George Frideric Handel, for whom he sang in Italy and then later followed to London. He sang the role of Nero in Handel's opera Agrippina at the work's initial run in Venice, a part that demanded a high level of technical skill. His first performance in London was a concert at the Old Spring Garden in the April 1712, and during his time in London performed several roles in operas by Handel; among them Mirtillo in Il pastor fido, the title role in Teseo, and Lepidus in Silla. Having lost his voice in 1728, he retired from singing and became a priest.

text:
# Valeriano Pellegrini

**Valeriano Pellegrini** (c. 1663 – 18 January 1746) was an Italian soprano castrato singer of the 18th century. He is largely remembered today for his association with the composer George Frideric Handel, for whom he sang in Italy and then later followed to London. He sang the role of Nero in Handel's opera *Agrippina* at the work's initial run in Venice (26 December 1709), a part that demanded a high level of technical skill.

His first performance in London was a concert at the Old Spring Garden in the April 1712, and during his time in London performed several roles in operas by Handel; among them Mirtillo in *Il pastor fido* (22 November 1712), the title role in *Teseo* (10 January 1713), and Lepidus in *Silla* (2 June 1713). Having lost his voice in 1728, he retired from singing and became a priest.


title: Mimikama

abstract: Mimikama is a fact-checking site based in Austria since 2011. It is published in the German language and is anti-abuse. In 2017 they provided context for images of women with bruised faces, showing they were victims of domestic violence and not foreign migrants, as some were arguing. The developers of Hoaxmap also relied on it in 2016.

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# Mimikama

**Mimikama** is a fact-checking site based in Austria since 2011. It is published in the German language and is anti-abuse.

In 2017 they provided context for images of women with bruised faces, showing they were victims of domestic violence and not foreign migrants, as some were arguing.

The developers of Hoaxmap also relied on it in 2016.

1. Weill, Kelly. "German Neo-Nazis Say These Women Were Abused by Muslim Immigrants. They're Actually American Victims of Domestic Violence". *Daily Beast*. Mimikama, an Austrian fact-checking site, has tracked the meme's rise
2. "Fake 'brothel vouchers' for refugees stir far-right hatred". *The Local*. 3 February 2016. But as the German-language anti-Internet abuse initiative Mimikama reported recently, these tickets are fakes that have been popping up as a hoax for years.
3. "How fake images spread racist stereotypes about migrants across the globe". *The Observers*. 2018. Of the 16 women pictured, none are actually German and nor were they assaulted in Germany, according to the Austrian fact-checking website Mimikama, which tracked down the original sources of the photos.
4. Deodia, Arjun (30 August 2020). "Fact Check: These women were not injured in the Sweden riots". *India Today*. Using Google reverse image search, we found the viral collage was used in a report by The Observers in 2018. The article was about fake images used to spread "racist stereotypes" against migrants. Describing the picture collage, the article cited a report by Austrian fact-check website Mimikama, which tracked down the original sources of most of the pictures in 2017.
5. Mantzarlis, Alexios (29 February 2016). "Hoaxmap is collecting debunked rumors about refugees". *Poynter Institute*. Schwarz is a consultant, Helm a software developer .. The two also rely on other online debunkers like mimikama.at, an Austrian debunking website (the map covers Austria and Switzerland besides Germany).

## InfoBox

Mimikama
| Available in | German |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | 2011 |
| URL | www.mimikama.org |


title: The Friend of the Jaguar

abstract: The Friend of the Jaguar is a 1959 Italian comedy film directed by Giuseppe Bennati and starring Walter Chiari, Isabelle Corey and Carlo Romano. The film's sets were designed by the art director Piero Filippone.

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# The Friend of the Jaguar

***The Friend of the Jaguar*** (Italian: ***L'amico del giaguaro***) is a 1959 Italian comedy film directed by Giuseppe Bennati and starring Walter Chiari, Isabelle Corey and Carlo Romano. The film's sets were designed by the art director Piero Filippone.

## Cast

## InfoBox

| The Friend of the Jaguar | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Giuseppe Bennati |
| Written by |  |
| Produced by | Luigi Giacosi |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Tonino Delli Colli |
| Edited by | Eraldo Da Roma |
| Music by | Alexandre Derevitsky |
| Production<br>company | Internazionale Produzione Cinematografica |
| Distributed by | CEI Incom |
| Release date | * March 3, 1959 (1959-03-03) |
| Running time | 99 minutes |
| Country | Italy |
| Language | Italian |


title: Pakistan Softball Federation

abstract:
The Softball Federation of Pakistan (SFP) is the governing body to develop and promote the sport of softball in Pakistan.
The SFP organizes and conducts national championship annually for men and women's, senior, junior level. The federation also organizes zonal championships and provides technical training at Provincial and District level.

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# Pakistan Softball Federation

The **Softball Federation of Pakistan** (SFP) is the governing body to develop and promote the sport of softball in Pakistan. The SFP organizes and conducts national championship annually for men and women's, senior, junior level. The federation also organizes zonal championships and provides technical training at Provincial and District level.

## Affiliations

The Federation is affiliated with:

## InfoBox

Pakistan Softball Federation
| Sport | Baseball |
| --- | --- |
| Abbreviation | PSB |
| Founded | () |
| Affiliation | International Softball Federation |
| Regional affiliation | International Softball Federation |
| Location | Quetta |
| President | Muhammad Saleem Khan |
| Secretary | Haider Khan Lehri |
| Official website | |
| pakistansoftball.com | |
|  | |


title: Tobolsky Uyezd

abstract: Tobolsky Uyezd was one of the subdivisions of the Tobolsk Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the central part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Tobolsk.

text:
# Tobolsky Uyezd

**Tobolsky Uyezd** (*Тобольский уезд*) was one of the subdivisions of the Tobolsk Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the central part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Tobolsk.

## Demographics

At the time of the Russian Empire Census of 1897, Tobolsky Uyezd had a population of 127,860. Of these, 77.0% spoke Russian, 17.6% Siberian Tatar, 1.8% Khanty, 1.0% Yiddish, 1.0% Mansi, 0.5% Polish, 0.5% Ukrainian, 0.1% Mordvin, 0.1% German and 0.1% Adyghe as their native language.


title: The Cross Red Nurse

abstract: The Cross Red Nurse is a one-reel 1918 silent comedy film directed by and starring Marie Dressler. Made during the First World War the title clearly alludes to a Red Cross Nurse and is often erroneously labelled as "The Red Cross Nurse". Dressler at the time was putting effort into patriotic wartime activities and this is one of her few films from this period.

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# The Cross Red Nurse

**The Cross Red Nurse** is a one-reel 1918 silent comedy film directed by and starring Marie Dressler.

Made during the First World War the title clearly alludes to a Red Cross Nurse and is often erroneously labelled as "The Red Cross Nurse". Dressler at the time was putting effort into patriotic wartime activities and this is one of her few films from this period.

## Plot

A nurse (Dressler) works in a sanatorium. When it is rumoured that she has become an heiress, a number of potential suitors book themselves into the sanatorium to try to woo her.

## Cast


title: West Bolton

abstract: West Bolton is a municipality located in the Brome-Missisquoi Regional County Municipality of the Estrie administrative region of Quebec, Canada. The population as of the Canada 2021 Census was 732.

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# West Bolton

**West Bolton** (officially **Bolton-Ouest**) is a municipality located in the Brome-Missisquoi Regional County Municipality of the Estrie administrative region of Quebec, Canada. The population as of the Canada 2021 Census was 732.

## Demographics

### Population

**Population trend:**

| Census | Population | Change (%) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2021 | 732 | 16.2% |
| 2016 | 630 | 7.1% |
| 2011 | 678 | 6.2% |
| 2006 | 723 | 6.2% |
| 2001 | 681 | 18.4% |
| 1996 | 575 | 7.9% |
| 1991 | 624 | N/A |

### Language

**Mother tongue language (2021)**

| Language | Population | Pct (%) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| French only | 345 | 47.3% |
| English only | 340 | 46.6% |
| Both English and French | 20 | 2.7% |
| Other languages | 30 | 4.1% |

## InfoBox

| West Bolton Bolton-Ouest | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
|  | |
| Location within Brome-Missisquoi RCM | |
| West BoltonLocation in southern Quebec | |
| Coordinates: 45°14′N 72°27′W / 45.233°N 72.450°W / 45.233; -72.450 | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | Quebec |
| Region | Estrie |
| RCM | Brome-Missisquoi |
| Constituted | December 28, 1876 |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Denis Vaillancourt |
| Federal riding | Brome—Missisquoi |
| Prov. riding | Brome-Missisquoi |
| Area | |
| Total | 102.20 km2 (39.46 sq mi) |
| Land | 100.94 km2 (38.97 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | |
| Total | 732 |
| Density | 7.3/km2 (19/sq mi) |
| Pop 2016–2021 | 16.2% |
| Dwellings | 522 |
| Time zone | UTC−5 (EST) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC−4 (EDT) |
| Postal code(s) | J0E 2T0 |
| Area code(s) | 450 and 579 |
| Highways
A-10 |
R-243 |
| Website | bolton-ouest.ca |


title: Trullion: Alastor 2262

abstract: Trullion: Alastor 2262 (1973) is a science fiction novel by American writer Jack Vance, first published by Ballantine Books. It is one of three books set in the Alastor Cluster, "a whorl of thirty thousand live stars in an irregular volume twenty to thirty light-years in diameter."Three thousand star systems are inhabited by five trillion humans, who are governed by the mostly hands-off Connatic. Occasionally, in the manner of Harun al-Rashid of The Thousand and One Nights, the Connatic travels in disguise among the people. Trullion: Alastor 2262 first appeared in serialized format in the March and June 1973 issues of Amazing Science Fiction magazine. It was issued in paperback book format in June 1973 by Ballantine Books.

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# Trullion: Alastor 2262

***Trullion: Alastor 2262*** (1973) is a science fiction novel by American writer Jack Vance, first published by Ballantine Books. It is one of three books set in the Alastor Cluster, "a whorl of thirty thousand live stars in an irregular volume twenty to thirty light-years in diameter."Three thousand star systems are inhabited by five trillion humans, who are governed by the mostly hands-off Connatic. Occasionally, in the manner of Harun al-Rashid of The Thousand and One Nights, the Connatic travels in disguise among the people.

*Trullion: Alastor 2262* first appeared in serialized format in the March and June 1973 issues of *Amazing Science Fiction* magazine. It was issued in paperback book format in June 1973 by Ballantine Books.

## Plot summary

A planet in the Alastor Cluster, Trullion is a bucolic place, inhabited by generally unambitious, somewhat hedonistic Trills, as the resident humans call themselves. Other inhabitants include the nomadic Trevanyi, a generally despised gypsy-like people, and Merlings, a hostile semi-intelligent indigenous being who keep to the water.

Glinnes Hulden returns to Trullion after ten years of service in the Whelm, the Connatic's military force. Glinnes' older brother Shira is missing, so being an hour older than his sullen twin brother Glay, he finds himself the owner of the family holdings. However, while he was away, Glay had sold a choice island to an off-worlder, Lute Casagave. Glinnes wants the land back, but cannot come up with the 12,000 ozols, since Glay had already spent the proceeds. After an argument, Glay moves out. His mother also leaves, to go live with Akadie, a professional consultant and mentor.

Glinnes evicts a Trevanyi family whom Glay invited to camp on Hulden land. Later, they take revenge by ambushing him, robbing him of his life savings and leaving him unconscious for the merlings to kill. Fortunately, he wakes up before that can happen.

Glinnes learns that the local, somewhat-impoverished aristocrat, Lord Gensifer, is recruiting a professional team to play *hussade*. The object is to grasp the golden ring attached to the clothing of the other team's *sheirl*, who must be a virgin. A ransom is paid and play resumes, but when a team runs out of funds, the ring is pulled and the sheirl's clothing falls away in full view of the spectators. Seeing an opportunity to earn the ozols that he needs, Glinnes joins the "Gorgons". However, Gensifer insists on being the team captain. Several matches show that he is exceptionally inept; Glinnes and the rest of the better players quit in disgust.

Their last opponent, the "Tanchineros", is a team whose strengths match the weaknesses of the Gorgons and vice versa. Glinnes and his fellow Gorgons are recruited, and a strong team is born. Duissane, a member of the Trevanyi family Glinnes evicted, agrees to be their sheirl. The new Tanchineros are successful immediately, winning and playing ever-better teams for more money. Finally, Glinnes jokingly challenges Lord Gensifer to a match. Surprisingly, Gensifer accepts.

Gensifer unveils a whole new team for the match, an excellent touring team from off-world, but the Tanchineros are prepared. The teams are evenly matched, except in one respect: in his vanity, Gensifer has taken over as captain. The Tanchineros take advantage of this weakness. However, as Glinnes is grasping the opposing sheirl's gold ring for the final time, a notorious starmenter (space pirate) named Sagmondo Bandolio seizes the stadium and kidnaps three hundred of the wealthiest spectators for ransom, as well as several hundred women for other, darker purposes.

Glinnes escapes with both sheirls. They hide out on a deserted island. One sheirl is grateful for her rescue, but Duissane is disgusted and leaves in the boat. The remaining sheirl suggests that perhaps Duissane is in love with Glinnes.

When they are finally rescued, Glinnes learns that Akadie has been assigned to collect the enormous ransom demanded. Glinnes reluctantly agrees to hold onto it when Akadie fears being robbed. Duissane spends the night with Glinnes, believing that he will steal the money and take her off-world to live a life of luxury. However, Glinnes had, out of curiosity, already opened the package and found worthless papers inside; Akadie had apparently used him as a decoy. Duissane leaves, extremely distraught by this revelation. After she has gone, Glinnes notices that the ransom was actually hidden under the papers. Akadie picks up the money and gives it to Bandolio's man.

Shortly afterwards, the Whelm finds Bandolio's hideout and captures him, but the ransom is not found and many suspect that Akadie still has it. Glinnes, through diligent investigation, finds the money in a locker. The courier was killed before he could deliver it, apparently by the inside man who arranged the mass kidnapping with Bandolio. Glinnes also deduces the identity of Bandolio's partner.

Rhyl Shermatz, a self-styled "wandering journalist," is revealed to be an important government official. Glinnes convinces him to bring Bandolio to Lord Gensifer's wedding to Duissane. While there, he encounters Lute Casagave. When Bandolio gleefully identifies him as a retired, rival starmenter, Glinnes unexpectedly gets back his island. However, he is not the man Glinnes came to unmask. That turns out to be the groom. Gensifer flees, but tumbles into the water and falls victim to the merlings. Shermatz (in reality the Connatic) strongly suspects that Glinnes has the ransom, but has no strong motivation to pursue the issue. Everyone else believes the money is lost for good. Duissane, her plans derailed once again, wanders away disconsolate. Glinnes follows her.

## Themes

*Trullion: Alastor 2262* introduces many thematic elements that would later become common background in his subsequent “Alastor” series of novels, as well as the more loosely organized novels set in the Gaean Reach. One of these concepts is the game of Hussade. Hussade is a team game played throughout the Alastor Cluster: it is mentioned in all three Alastor Cluster novels and also glancingly referred to in some of Vance's other ‘Gaean Reach’ novels, but only in *Trullion* is it a major element in the story. The term starmenter for pirate, and the use of the term ozol for a unit of money also first make their appearance in this novel.

Themes reflected from previous works include the use of sacred trees as a burial ground by the Trevanyi, which is an echo from Vance’s early novellas, such as *Son of the Tree*, and would reappear in later works, such as *The Gray Prince* and *Maske: Thaery*.

## Hussade

The object of the game is to strip the opposing team’s sheirl: a virgin girl of striking beauty regarded as mascot, trophy and inspirer by her side. When a player reaches the sheirl, play stops while his team demands a ransom from the sheirl's team; either the ransom is paid and the game resumes, or the sheirl is stripped (and, deprived of symbolic virginity, disqualified from acting as sheirl in future games) and the game ends.

According to Vance:

> The hussade field is a gridiron of 'runs' (also called 'ways') and ‘laterals' above a tank of water four feet deep. The runs are nine feet apart, the laterals twelve feet. Trapezes permit the players to swing sideways from run to run, but not from lateral to lateral. The central moat is eight feet wide and can be passed at either end, at the center, or jumped if the player is sufficiently agile. The 'home' tanks at either end of the field flank the platform on which stands the sheirl.
>
> Players buff or body-block opposing players into the tanks, but may not use their hands to push, pull, hold, or tackle. The captain of each team carries the 'hange' - a bulb on a three-foot pedestal. When the light glows the captain may not be attacked, nor may he attack. When he moves six feet from the hange, or when he lifts the hange to shift his position, the light goes dead; he may then attack and be attacked. An extremely strong captain may almost ignore his hange; a captain less able stations himself on a key junction, which he is then able to protect by virtue of his impregnability within the area of the live hange.
>
> The sheirl stands on her platform at the end of the field between the home tanks. She wears a white gown with a gold ring at the front. The enemy players seek to lay hold of this gold ring; a single pull denudes the sheirl. The dignity of the sheirl may be ransomed by her captain for five hundred ozols, a thousand, two thousand, or higher, in accordance with a prearranged schedule.

The ozol is a monetary unit that appears in many of Vance's books, not confined to the Alastor and Gaean Reach novels.

## Awards

*Trullion: Alastor 2262* placed sixth in the annual Locus Poll for Best SF Novel of 1973.

## Sources

## InfoBox

Trullion: Alastor 2262
| First edition | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Jack Vance |
| Illustrator | Gene Szafram |
| Language | English |
| Series | Gaean Reach |
| Genre | Science fiction |
| Publisher | Ballantine |
| Publication date | 1973 |
| Publication place | United States |
| Media type | Print (Hardback), mass-market paperback |
| Pages | 247 |
| ISBN | 0-345-03308-6 |
| OCLC | 1624819 |
| Followed by | *Marune: Alastor 933* |


title: Melanoplini

abstract: Melanoplini is a tribe of spur-throated grasshoppers in the family Acrididae. There are about 19 genera and more than 200 described species in Melanoplini, all in North America. Their biogeography shows that many species in the tribe have descendants from the Eocene epoch and Miocene epoch.

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# Melanoplini

**Melanoplini** is a tribe of spur-throated grasshoppers in the family Acrididae. There are about 19 genera and more than 200 described species in Melanoplini, all in North America. Their biogeography shows that many species in the tribe have descendants from the Eocene epoch and Miocene epoch.

## Genera

These 19 genera belong to the tribe Melanoplini:

Data sources: i = ITIS, c = Catalogue of Life, g = GBIF, b = Bugguide.net

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Melanoplini | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Aeoloplides chenopodii | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Orthoptera |
| Suborder: | Caelifera |
| Family: | Acrididae |
| Subfamily: | Melanoplinae |
| Tribe: | Melanoplini<br>Scudder, 1897 |
|


title: Somerton Park, South Australia

abstract: Somerton Park is a seaside suburb of Adelaide in South Australia. The mainly residential suburb is home to the Somerton Park Beach, Sacred Heart College and North Brighton Cemetery.

text:
# Somerton Park, South Australia

**Somerton Park** is a seaside suburb of Adelaide in South Australia. The mainly residential suburb is home to the Somerton Park Beach, Sacred Heart College and North Brighton Cemetery.

## History

Somerton Park Post Office opened on 1 July 1947 and closed in 1988.

### Seaforth

In 1921 the Seaforth Convalescent Home, a two-storey building surrounded by four acres of land situated not far from the beach (at 20 Tarlton Street), was opened by the South Australian Government. The convalescent home provided short-term accommodation for children recuperating from illness or hospitalisation, as well as being used as a holiday home for children who had been placed in service. As time went by, teachers were appointed, and by the 1930s around 30 to 50 children, mainly girls, lived at the home. Numbers grew to more than 60 in the mid-1940s, and additional dormitories and staff quarters were built. In 1946 the institution was renamed Seaforth Home.

From 1946 to 1976, the home was named the Seaforth Home, and run by the government. It accommodated up to 100 boys and girls up to the age of six and girls up to the age of 18, as well as some children with disabilities, most whom were deemed to be destitute or neglected. A few had minor behavioural problems, but they were not offenders. The home became very full in the 1950s, and in order to ease the overcrowding, boys under the age of six who were ready for primary school were moved to the Glandore Industrial School. Singer-songwriter Ruby Hunter spent some time in the home.

By 1973 the there were only 30 children in the home, most with disabilities, and the accommodation was split into smaller units. The home close in 1975, to be replaced by five independent cottage residences on the same site.

The home was sometimes referred to as Seaforth Children's Home. During the 2004-2008 Children in State Care Commission of Inquiry (the Mullighan Inquiry), several women gave evidence about abuse at both Seaforth Convalescent Home and Seaforth Home, and a number of deaths were also investigated.

## Notable residents

* Somerton Man, a man found dead on Somerton Park beach in 1948, unidentified until 2022

## InfoBox

| Somerton Park<br>Adelaide, South Australia | |
| --- | --- |
| House in Somerton Park | |
| Somerton Park | |
| Coordinates | 34°59′43″S 138°31′17″E / 34.99541°S 138.521461°E / -34.99541; 138.521461 |
| Population | 5,811 (SAL 2021) |
| Postcode(s) | 5044 |
| Location | 12 km (7 mi) from Adelaide |
| LGA(s) | City of Holdfast Bay |
| State electorate(s) |  |
| Federal division(s) | Boothby |
| **Suburbs around Somerton Park:**  Glenelg South Morphettville  *Gulf St Vincent* Somerton Park Warradale  North Brighton Warradale | |


title: Valeriano Muti

abstract: Valeriano Muti was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Città di Castello (1602–1610), Apostolic Nuncio to Naples (1609–1610), and Bishop of Bitetto (1599–1602).

text:
# Valeriano Muti

**Valeriano Muti** (died 19 March 1610) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Città di Castello (1602–1610), Apostolic Nuncio to Naples (1609–1610), and Bishop of Bitetto (1599–1602).

## Biography

On 5 July 1599, Valeriano Muti was appointed during the papacy of Pope Clement VIII as Bishop of Bitetto. On 18 July 1599, he was consecrated bishop by Camillo Borghese, Cardinal-Priest of Santi Giovanni e Paolo, with Giovanni Camerota, Bishop of Bova, and Leonardus Roselli, Bishop of Vulturara e Montecorvino, serving as co-consecrators. On 15 November 1602, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Clement VIII as Bishop of Città di Castello. On 12 January 1609, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Paul V as Apostolic Nuncio to Naples. He served as Bishop of Città di Castello until his death on 19 March 1610.

## Episcopal succession

While bishop, he was the principal co-consecrator of:

## InfoBox

| Most Reverend
Valeriano Muti | |
| --- | --- |
| Bishop of Città di Castello | |
| Church | Catholic Church |
| Diocese | Diocese of Città di Castello |
| In office | 1602–1610 |
| Predecessor | Ludovico Bentivoglio |
| Successor | Luca Semproni |
| Previous post(s) | Bishop of Bitetto (1599–1602)
Apostolic Nuncio to Naples (1609–1610) |
| Orders | |
| Consecration | 18 July 1599
by Camillo Borghese |
| Personal details | |
| Died | 19 March 1610
Città di Castello, Italy |


title: Weak isospin

abstract:
In particle physics, weak isospin is a quantum number relating to the electrically charged part of the weak interaction: Particles with half-integer weak isospin can interact with the W± bosons; particles with zero weak isospin do not.
Weak isospin is a construct parallel to the idea of isospin under the strong interaction. Weak isospin is usually given the symbol T or I, with the third component written as T3 or I3. T3 is more important than T; typically "weak isospin" is used as short form of the proper term "3rd component of weak isospin". It can be understood as the eigenvalue of a charge operator.

text:
# Weak isospin

In particle physics, **weak isospin** is a quantum number relating to the electrically charged part of the weak interaction: Particles with half-integer weak isospin can interact with the  W±  bosons; particles with zero weak isospin do not. Weak isospin is a construct parallel to the idea of isospin under the strong interaction. Weak isospin is usually given the symbol T or I, with the third component written as T3 or I3 . T3 is more important than T; typically "weak isospin" is used as short form of the proper term "3rd component of weak isospin". It can be understood as the eigenvalue of a charge operator.

## Notation

This article uses T and T3 for weak isospin and its projection. Regarding ambiguous notation, I is also used to represent the 'normal' (strong force) isospin, same for its third component I3 a.k.a. T3 or Tz . Aggravating the confusion, T is also used as the symbol for the Topness quantum number.

## Conservation law

The **weak isospin conservation law** relates to the conservation of $\ T\_{3}\ ;$ weak interactions conserve T3. It is also conserved by the electromagnetic and strong interactions. However, interaction with the Higgs field does *not* conserve T3, as directly seen in propagating fermions, which mix their chiralities by the mass terms that result from their Higgs couplings. Since the Higgs field vacuum expectation value is nonzero, particles interact with this field all the time, even in vacuum. Interaction with the Higgs field changes particles' weak isospin (and weak hypercharge). Only a specific combination of electric charge is conserved. The electric charge, $\ Q\ ,$ is related to weak isospin, $\ T\_{3}\ ,$ and weak hypercharge, $\ Y\_{\mathrm {W} }\ ,$ by

$$Q=T\_{3}+{\tfrac {1}{2}Y\_{\mathrm {W} }~.}$$

In 1961 Sheldon Glashow proposed this relation by analogy to the Gell-Mann–Nishijima formula for charge to isospin.

## Relation with chirality

Fermions with negative chirality (also called "left-handed" fermions) have $\ T={\tfrac {1}{2}\ }$ and can be grouped into doublets with $T\_{3}=\pm {\tfrac {1}{2}}$ that behave the same way under the weak interaction. By convention, electrically charged fermions are assigned $T\_{3}$ with the same sign as their electric charge. For example, up-type quarks (, , ) have $\ T\_{3}=+{\tfrac {1}{2}\ }$ and always transform into down-type quarks (, , ), which have $\ T\_{3}=-{\tfrac {1}{2}\ ,}$ and vice versa. On the other hand, a quark never decays weakly into a quark of the same $\ T\_{3}~.$ Something similar happens with left-handed leptons, which exist as doublets containing a charged lepton (, , ) with $\ T\_{3}=-{\tfrac {1}{2}\ }$ and a neutrino (ν
e, ν
μ, ν
τ) with $\ T\_{3}=+{\tfrac {1}{2}~.}$ In all cases, the corresponding *anti*-fermion has reversed chirality ("right-handed" antifermion) and reversed sign $\ T\_{3}~.$

Fermions with positive chirality ("right-handed" fermions) and *anti*-fermions with negative chirality ("left-handed" anti-fermions) have $\ T=T\_{3}=0\ $ and form singlets that do not undergo charged weak interactions. Particles with $\ T\_{3}=0\ $ do not interact with W± bosons; however, they do all interact with the Z0 boson.

### Neutrinos

Lacking any distinguishing electric charge, neutrinos and antineutrinos are assigned the $\ T\_{3}\ $ opposite their corresponding charged lepton; hence, all left-handed neutrinos are paired with negatively charged left-handed leptons with $\ T\_{3}=-{\tfrac {1}{2}\ ,}$ so those neutrinos have $\ T\_{3}=+{\tfrac {1}{2}~.}$ Since right-handed antineutrinos are paired with positively charged right-handed anti-leptons with $\ T\_{3}=+{\tfrac {1}{2}\ ,}$ those antineutrinos are assigned $\ T\_{3}=-{\tfrac {1}{2}~.}$ The same result follows from particle-antiparticle charge & parity reversal, between left-handed neutrinos ( $\ T\_{3}=+{\tfrac {1}{2}\ }$) and right-handed antineutrinos ( $\ T\_{3}=-{\tfrac {1}{2}\ }$).

**Left-handed fermions in the Standard Model**
| Generation 1 | | | | Generation 2 | | | | Generation 3 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Fermion | Electric
charge | Symbol | Weak
isospin | Fermion | Electric
charge | Symbol | Weak
isospin | Fermion | Electric
charge | Symbol | Weak
isospin |
| Electron | $\ -1~$ | $\quad \mathrm {e} ^{-}\ $ | $\ -{\tfrac {1}{2}~}$ | Muon | $\ -1~$ | $\quad \mathrm {\mu } ^{-}\ $ | $\ -{\tfrac {1}{2}~}$ | Tauon | $\ -1~$ | $\quad \mathrm {\tau } ^{-}~$ | $\ -{\tfrac {1}{2}~}$ |
| Up quark | $\ +{\tfrac {2}{3}~}$ | $\ \mathrm {u} \ $ | $\ +{\tfrac {1}{2}~}$ | Charm quark | $\ +{\tfrac {2}{3}~}$ | $\ \mathrm {c} \ $ | $\ +{\tfrac {1}{2}~}$ | Top quark | $\ +{\tfrac {2}{3}~}$ | $\ \mathrm {t} \ $ | $\ +{\tfrac {1}{2}~}$ |
| Down quark | $\ -{\tfrac {1}{3}~}$ | $\ \mathrm {d} \ $ | $\ -{\tfrac {1}{2}~}$ | Strange quark | $\ -{\tfrac {1}{3}~}$ | $\ \mathrm {s} \ $ | $\ -{\tfrac {1}{2}~}$ | Bottom quark | $\ -{\tfrac {1}{3}~}$ | $\ \mathrm {b} \ $ | $\ -{\tfrac {1}{2}~}$ |
| Electron neutrino | $\ \quad 0~$ | $\ ~\nu \_{\mathrm {e} }\ $ | $\ +{\tfrac {1}{2}~}$ | Muon neutrino | $\ \quad 0~$ | $\ ~\nu \_{\mathrm {\mu } }\ $ | $\ +{\tfrac {1}{2}~}$ | Tau neutrino | $\ \quad 0~$ | $\ ~\nu \_{\mathrm {\tau } }\ $ | $\ +{\tfrac {1}{2}~}$ |
| All of the above left-handed (*regular*) particles have corresponding right-handed *anti*-particles with equal and opposite weak isospin. | | | | | | | | | | | |
| All right-handed (regular) particles and left-handed anti-particles have weak isospin of 0. | | | | | | | | | | | |

## Weak isospin and the W bosons

The symmetry associated with weak isospin is SU(2) and requires gauge bosons with $\\,T=1\\,$ ( W+ ,   , and  W0 ) to mediate transformations between fermions with half-integer weak isospin charges. $\ T=1\ $ implies that
W
bosons have three different values of $\ T\_{3}\ :$

* W+  boson $(\\,T\_{3}=+1\\,)$ is emitted in transitions $\left(\\,T\_{3}=+{\tfrac {1}{2}\\,\right)}$ → $\left(\\,T\_{3}=-{\tfrac {1}{2}\\,\right)~.}$
* W0  boson $(\\,T\_{3}=\\,0\\,)$ would be emitted in weak interactions where $\\,T\_{3}\\,$ does not change, such as neutrino scattering.
* boson $(\\,T\_{3}=-1\\,)$ is emitted in transitions $\left(\\,T\_{3}=-{\tfrac {1}{2}\\,\right)}$ → $\left(\\,T\_{3}=+{\tfrac {1}{2}\\,\right)}$.

Under electroweak unification, the  W0  boson mixes with the weak hypercharge gauge boson
B0
; both have weak isospin = 0 . This results in the observed  Z0  boson and the photon of quantum electrodynamics; the resulting  Z0  and  γ0 likewise have zero weak isospin.

## Footnotes

1. Glashow, Sheldon L. (1961-02-01). "Partial-symmetries of weak interactions". *Nuclear Physics*. **22** (4): 579–588. Bibcode:1961NucPh..22..579G. doi:10.1016/0029-5582(61)90469-2. ISSN 0029-5582.
2. Greiner, Walter; Müller, Berndt; Greiner, Walter (1996). *Gauge theory of weak interactions* (2 ed.). Berlin Heidelberg New York Barcelona Budapest Hong Kong London Milan Paris Santa Clara Singapore Tokyo: Springer. ISBN 978-3-540-60227-9.
3. Baez, John C.; Huerta, John (2010). "The algebra of Grand Unified Theories". *Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society*. **47** (3): 483–552. arXiv:0904.1556. Bibcode:2009arXiv0904.1556B. doi:10.1090/s0273-0979-10-01294-2. S2CID 2941843.  "§2.3.1 isospin and SU(2), redux". *Huerta's academic site*. U.C. Riverside. Retrieved 15 October 2013.
4. *An introduction to quantum field theory*, by M.E. Peskin and D.V. Schroeder (HarperCollins, 1995) ISBN 0-201-50397-2; *Gauge theory of elementary particle physics*, by T.P. Cheng and L.F. Li (Oxford University Press, 1982) ISBN 0-19-851961-3; *The quantum theory of fields* (vol 2), by S. Weinberg (Cambridge University Press, 1996) ISBN 0-521-55002-5.


title: The Hammer of God (Clarke novel)

abstract: The Hammer of God is a science fiction novel by Arthur C. Clarke originally published in 1993. Set in the year 2109, it deals with the discovery of an asteroid to be on course to collide with Earth and depicts the mission for deflecting the asteroid by using fusion thermal rockets.

text:
# The Hammer of God (Clarke novel)

***The Hammer of God*** is a science fiction novel by Arthur C. Clarke originally published in 1993. Set in the year 2109, it deals with the discovery of an asteroid to be on course to collide with Earth and depicts the mission for deflecting the asteroid by using fusion thermal rockets.

## Setting

The main events of the novel start in the year 2109. Descriptions of various aspects of the future society and of the life of Robert Singh take up a significant part of the book.

A world government administers the Earth. The Moon and Mars also have established societies. New technologies include automated self-sufficient houses, genetically-engineered pets, 'Brainman' (VR with brain–computer interface), artificial general intelligence, medicine to double the human lifespan and extend fertility. The economics policy is guided by "the skilful application of Chaos Theory by World Bank mathematicians", having caused "the collapse of communism and capitalism – now so long ago that both events seemed simultaneous." The SPACEGUARD project exists with the goal of detecting and dealing with celestial bodies with the potential to strike the Earth, with *Goliath* and *Hercules* spaceships stationed near Jupiter L4 and L5 as interceptors.

Influenced by Islam during military campaigns in the Middle East, an American soldier had evolved into a religious figure and founded the new religion of Chrislam, with a more "liberated" philosophy compared to Islam and Christianity. The religion capitalized on Brainman technology to spread its teachings as "the first Religion of the Byte" and became a dominant religion.

In 2067, a nuclear bomb was exploded in space (on the other side of the Sun to avoid affecting the Earth) to generate powerful radio waves, whose echoes were used to identify more of possible impactors for the SPACEGUARD. In 2085, a transmission was received from Sirius, which, while indecipherable, resulted in growth of an extremist faction within Chrislam, 'The Reborn'.

The captain of *Goliath* is Robert Singh, a 70-year-old veteran of spaceflight. While studying for his engineering degree, he took part in the first marathon on the Moon and ended up being the only participant to finish. His ex-wife and their son reside on Earth, and he, his current wife, and their children reside on Mars. Aboard the *Goliath*, Singh and his team are extensively assisted by David, an AI.

In the initial sections of the book, three major meteor events are mentioned: the 1972 Great Daylight Fireball, the Tunguska event and the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event.

## Plot

A new contact binary asteroid is discovered by an amateur astronomer, Dr. Angus Millar, having been missed by the SPACEGUARD due to a combination of factors. It is named Kali and is determined to be on course to hit Earth in about a year's time. *Goliath*, having been at Jupiter L4, leaves for Deimos to receive the ATLAS propulsion module, which is designed for attaching with the asteroid and slowly deflecting it to a safe course by using nuclear fusion-powered thrusters. Then, having loaded hydrogen fuel at Europa, *Goliath* reaches Kali and starts the ATLAS.

Extremists from The Reborn, believing that the collision with Kali is meant to be, had planted bombs in the ATLAS that explode just moments after the activation of ATLAS. However, most of the fuel tanks of ATLAS remain functional, and the plan is changed to use *Goliath* itself to propel the asteroid. Meanwhile, a contingency plan is discussed by Earth's government to use nuclear weapons to break up the peanut shaped asteroid with enough energy that the fragments miss Earth.

Kali gets closer to Sun, starts ejecting material from vents, and is also adjudged to be a probable extinct comet. The resulting venting cancels off a bit of the deflection, taking it too close to the margin of error. Meanwhile, Earth's government affirms the usage of nuclear weapons, as the success of *Goliath*'s mission is deemed too uncertain.

At Kali, *Goliath* suffers damage from the spacecraft sinking a few meters into the asteroid after weeks of pushing against it. As a result, *Goliath* loses its fuel and is stuck on the asteroid. With the nuclear weapon plan in effect, the members of the *Goliath* crew make peace with their upcoming deaths and indulge in pleasure-seeking.

The manufacture of nuclear weapons had been abandoned for many years, and the weapon intended for Kali is hurriedly put together. When it is fired towards the asteroid, the weapon proves defective and fails to explode, but it impacts with a high enough anomalous velocity that the asteroid breaks into two, with *Goliath* and its crew intact. The part carrying *Goliath*, Kali 1, stays on course to go safely past Earth, with the crew to be retrieved later by the help of another spaceship.

The other part, Kali 2, enters into the Earth's atmosphere and causes the deaths of a hundred thousand people and a trillion dollars' worth of damage. It reaches as close as sixty kilometers above surface before it skips off the Earth's atmosphere.

## Development and writing

In the 'Sources and Acknowledgements' section of the book, Clarke details the inspiration for the novel.

Clarke received a request for a short story for *Time* in May 1992. Having been abreast of NASA's Space-guard survey being conducted in the same year (which in turn borrowed its name from Spaceguard in *Rendezvous with Rama*), Clarke decided on asteroid impact avoidance as the theme for the short story, with the thought that "it was my duty to show what could be done about the asteroid menace. By creating a self-fulfilling prophecy I might even save the world - though I'd never know". The short story bearing the same title got published in *Time* magazine's "Beyond the Year 2000" issue in October 1992, being the second piece of fiction ever published by the magazine.

The Alvarez hypothesis for the K-Pg extinction event, which was then only 12 years old, is discussed by Clarke in the section. Clarke also mentions that the "final confirmation" of the hypothesis only came just before he published the novel.

Clarke's decision to "decompress" the short story into a novel was influenced by one of Dr. Duncan Steels' visual presentation about 'what might happen in the event of a major impact event'. The choice of time period for the novel (2109) was inspired by the contemporary view that Comet Swift-Tuttle had a high probability of impact with Earth in 2126.

## Literary significance and reception

The *Library Journal* review noted, "In the capable hands of science fiction veteran Clarke, a standard cosmic disaster plot becomes a lucid commentary on humanity's place in the cosmos".

## Film adaptation

The filmmaker Steven Spielberg optioned the rights to *The Hammer of God* for film production, but the resultant movie, *Deep Impact* (1998), was so dissimilar to the book that Clarke received no on-screen credit for the movie.

## References to other works

* Clarke reintroduces the idea of project Spaceguard, which he first mentioned in *Rendezvous with Rama* (1973) as a project to detect near-Earth objects. The Spaceguard featured in *The Hammer of God* (1993) would seem to be the Spaceguard that exists in the real world, which was inspired by and named after the one in *Rendezvous with Rama*, as it is remarked to have taken its name from an obscure science fiction novel, and the 9/11/2077 impact that prompted the Spaceguard of *Rendezvous with Rama* is only mentioned in the book's "Acknowledgements and Sources".
* *Goliath'*s on-board supercomputer is named David and is very similar to HAL 9000 from *2001: A Space Odyssey*.
* The planet-killing comet in *Greenland* was named in tribute to the author, Arthur C. Clarke.

## Works cited

## InfoBox

The Hammer of God
| First edition (UK) | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Arthur C. Clarke |
| Cover artist | Peter Mennim |
| Language | English |
| Genre | Science fiction |
| Publisher | Victor Gollancz Ltd (UK)<br>Bantam Spectra (US) |
| Publication date | 1993 |
| Publication place | Great Britain |
| Media type | Print (Hardback & Paperback) |
| Pages | 226 pp |
| ISBN | 0-553-09557-9 |
| OCLC | 27641704 |
| Dewey Decimal | 823/.914 20 |
| LC Class | PR6005.L36 H36 1993 |


title: Pakistan Sikh Council

abstract: The Pakistan Sikh Council (PSC) is a Sikh organisation in Pakistan which works for rights of Sikh community in Pakistan. In organisation Sardar Ramesh Singh Khalsa is Patron-in-Chief, Sardar Tara Singh is president, Arshad Jee Singh is vice president and Karan Singh Rai is General Secretary. It is based in Karachi.

text:
# Pakistan Sikh Council

The **Pakistan Sikh Council** **(PSC)** (Gurmukhi: ਪਾਕਿਸਤਾਨ ਸਿੱਖ ਕੌਂਸਲ; Shahmukhi: پاکستان سکھ کونسل) is a Sikh organisation in Pakistan which works for rights of Sikh community in Pakistan. In organisation Sardar Ramesh Singh Khalsa is Patron-in-Chief, Sardar Tara Singh is president, Arshad Jee Singh is vice president and Karan Singh Rai is General Secretary. It is based in Karachi.

## InfoBox

Pakistan Sikh Council
| ਪਾਕਿਸਤਾਨ ਸਿੱਖ ਕੌਂਸਲ<br>پاکستان سکھ کونسل | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Abbreviation | PSC |
| Type | Religious organization |
| Region | Pakistan |
| Website | http://pakistansikhcouncil.org/ |


title: The Dark Eyes of London (novel)

abstract: The Dark Eyes Of London is a crime novel by the British writer Edgar Wallace which was first published in 1924. An unbalanced doctor and his brother murder a series of wealthy men to benefit from their life insurance policies, using a charity for the blind as a front for their activities. The persistent Inspector Holt of Scotland Yard is soon on their trail. It was based on an earlier short story The Croakers which Wallace had written.

text:
# The Dark Eyes of London (novel)

***The Dark Eyes Of London*** is a crime novel by the British writer Edgar Wallace which was first published in 1924. An unbalanced doctor and his brother murder a series of wealthy men to benefit from their life insurance policies, using a charity for the blind as a front for their activities. The persistent Inspector Holt of Scotland Yard is soon on their trail. It was based on an earlier short story *The Croakers* which Wallace had written.

## Adaptations

The novel has twice been adapted into films. The first was a British version directed by Walter Summers, *The Dark Eyes of London* (1939), which turned Wallace's crime story into a more overt horror film. Due to its popularity there, this was the inspiration for a similar German remake, *The Dead Eyes of London* (1961), directed by Alfred Vohrer.

* Richards, Jeffrey (ed.). *The Unknown 1930s: An Alternative History of the British Cinema, 1929- 1939*. I.B. Tauris & Co, 1998.

## Further reading

* Lennig, Arthur. *The Immortal Count: The Life and Films of Bela Lugosi*. University Press of Kentucky, 2003.

## InfoBox

The Dark Eyes of London
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Edgar Wallace |
| Language | English |
| Genre | Crime |
| Publication date | 1924 |
| Publication place | United Kingdom |
| Media type | Print |


abstract: The West Bolivar Consolidated School District is a public school district based in Rosedale, Mississippi (USA). It serves sections of Bolivar County. In addition to Rosedale, the district also serves the towns of Gunnison, Beulah, and Pace in western Bolivar County and Benoit and the section of Shaw in southern Bolivar County. It also serves unincorporated areas of Scott, Skene, and Symonds.

text:
# West Bolivar Consolidated School District

The **West Bolivar Consolidated School District** is a public school district based in Rosedale, Mississippi (USA).

It serves sections of Bolivar County. In addition to Rosedale, the district also serves the towns of Gunnison, Beulah, and Pace in western Bolivar County and Benoit and the section of Shaw in southern Bolivar County. It also serves unincorporated areas of Scott, Skene, and Symonds.

## History

In 1925, 9-year-old Martha Lum was denied admission to Rosedale Consolidated High School (now West Bolivar High School) because she was Chinese American. The U.S. Supreme Court upheld the Mississippi's right to exclude her in *Lum v. Rice*. That decision was overturned by the holding in *Brown v. Board of Education* in 1954.

Beginning in 1986 Benoit School District students did not attend Ray Brooks School (previously Nugent Center School, a.k.a. Benoit High School), but instead West Bolivar High School. However high school classes at Ray Brooks resumed in 2000. Linda Coleman, a Democratic member of the Mississippi House of Representatives from Mound Bayou, stated that the costs of transporting children to West Bolivar from Benoit were too high.

In 2012 the Mississippi Legislature passed a bill that required five school districts in Bolivar County to consolidate into two larger ones. On July 1, 2014, the Benoit School District, Shaw School District, and West Bolivar School District consolidated into the West Bolivar Consolidated School District. The former three districts were abolished under the law with a new one formed.

In 2017 there were at least 19 people applying to be the district's superintendent.

## Governance

The board has two members from the Rosedale area, two members from the Shaw area, and one from the Benoit area.

## Schools

7-12 schools PK-6 * McEvans Elementary School (Shaw)
* West Bolivar Elementary School (Rosedale)

Other * Joe Barnes Career Technical Center (Rosedale)

Former schools * PK-12: Ray Brooks School (near Benoit) (closed 2020)
* West Bolivar Middle School (Rosedale)
    + In 2020 the district decided to move West Bolivar High into the West Bolivar Middle building. at 1213 South Main Street. West Bolivar High moved to Building B. Now West Bolivar High is a unified 7-12 school, at the former middle school campus.

## Demographics

### 2006-07 school year

There were a total of 1,014 students enrolled in the West Bolivar School District during the 2006–2007 school year. The gender makeup of the district was 48% female and 52% male. The racial makeup of the district was 95.86% African American, 3.35% White, and 0.79% Hispanic. 88.5% of the district's students were eligible to receive free lunch.

### Previous school years

| School Year | Enrollment | Gender Makeup | | Racial Makeup | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Female | Male | Asian | African
American | Hispanic | Native
American | White |
| 2005-06 | 1,056 | 50% | 50% |  | 95.93% | 0.76% |  | 3.31% |
| 2004-05 | 1,094 | 48% | 52% | 0.09% | 96.80% | 0.64% |  | 2.47% |
| 2003-04 | 1,159 | 48% | 52% | 0.09% | 97.58% | 0.26% |  | 2.07% |
| 2002-03 | 1,162 | 49% | 51% | 0.17% | 97.16% | 0.26% |  | 2.41% |
|

## Accountability statistics

|  | 2006-07 | 2005-06 | 2004-05 | 2003-04 | 2002-03 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **District Accreditation Status** | Accredited | Accredited | Accredited | Accredited | Accredited |
| **School Performance Classifications** | | | | | |
| Level 5 (Superior Performing) Schools | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Level 4 (Exemplary) Schools | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Level 3 (Successful) Schools | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Level 2 (Under Performing) Schools | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Level 1 (Low Performing) Schools | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Not Assigned | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
|

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| West Bolivar Consolidated School District | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Address | |
| 909 Highway 8 Rosedale, Mississippi, 38769
United States | |
| District information | |
| Type | Public |
| Grades | K–12 |
| NCES District ID | 2800185 |
| Students and staff | |
| Students | 1,015 |
| Teachers | 82.17 |
| Staff | 91.39 |
| Student–teacher ratio | 12.35 |
| Other information | |
| Website | www.wbcsdk12.org |


title: Melanin Magic

abstract: "Melanin Magic", alternatively "Melanin Magic", is a song by American rapper Remy Ma featuring American singer Chris Brown. It was written by the artists alongside Keirston Lewis, Ricky Kinchen, Stokley Williams, Atia "INK" Boggs, Jeffrey Allen, Lawrence Waddell, and producer Dallas Austin. The song was released via Reminisce Records on January 19, 2018. The song was nominated for the BET Her Award at the BET Awards 2018.

text:
# Melanin Magic

"**Melanin Magic**", alternatively "Melanin Magic (Pretty Brown)", is a song by American rapper Remy Ma featuring American singer Chris Brown. It was written by the artists alongside Keirston Lewis, Ricky Kinchen, Stokley Williams, Atia "INK" Boggs, Jeffrey Allen, Lawrence Waddell, and producer Dallas Austin. The song was released via Reminisce Records on January 19, 2018. The song was nominated for the BET Her Award at the BET Awards 2018.

## Background and release

The collaboration was first revealed by Ma during her appearance on *Total Request Live* in November 2017. "The next single is with Chris Brown," she said. "'Melanin Magic', aka 'Pretty Brown', It's amazing." On January 16, 2018, Ma shared a snippet of the song on social media. The song samples Mint Condition's "Breakin' My Heart (Pretty Brown Eyes)", and was announced with a cover art contest, which allowed fans to vote on three different options.

Ma explained in a video on Instagram that this song was meant to empower. "I just wanted to make something to let people know that you're beautiful, you're pretty," she said. "You can be brown skin, dark skin, light skinned. None of that is what makes you pretty or beautiful. It's what's inside."

## Commercial performance

Commercially, Melanin Magic peaked at #17 on Billboard Mainstream R&B/Hip-Hop chart, #24 on Billboard Rhythmic chart, #18 on Billboard Rap Airplay chart, #29 on Billboard R&B/Hip-Hop Airplay chart and was the #1 most added song on Urban Radio.

## Critical reception

C. Vernon Coleman II of *XXL* opined that Ma "puts a new spin on an old classic", writing that "Austin chops the R&B track into something more suitable to spit over, and Rem takes the opportunity to talk a little greasy". Eric Skelton of *Complex* thinks that the song shows Ma's "catchier, more radio-friendly side". Jasmine Grant of VH1 described the song as "a ladies anthem and '90s tribute all wrapped into one", and wrote that Brown is "the perfect selection for the catchy hook". Will Lavin of *Joe* felt that Ma and Brown "have created an ode to the regality of brown skin". Mike Nied of Idolator deemed the song "a retro romance with an empowering message for women" which "has a bit more crossover appeal" over the album's lead single "Wake Me Up", calling it "another promising release" from Ma. James Dinh of iHeartRadio regarded the song as "a romantic ode to loving your own body".

## Credits and personnel

Credits adapted from Tidal.

* Remy Ma – songwriting
* Chris Brown – songwriting
* Keirston Lewis – songwriting
* Ricky Kinchen – songwriting
* Stokley Williams – songwriting
* Atia Boggs – songwriting
* Jeffrey Allen – songwriting
* Dallas Austin – songwriting, production
* Lawrence Waddell – songwriting
* Matthew Testa – mix engineering
* Colin Leonard – master engineering
* Alexander "Smitty Beatz" Smith – record engineering

## Charts

| Chart (2018) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| US Rhythmic (*Billboard*) | 24 |
| US R&B/Hip-Hop Airplay (*Billboard*) | 29 |

## InfoBox

| "Melanin Magic" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Remy Ma featuring Chris Brown | |
| Released | January 19, 2018 (2018-01-19) |
| Length | 2:57 |
| Label | Reminisce |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Producer(s) | Dallas Austin |
| Remy Ma singles chronology | |
| "Wake Me Up"
(2017) "**Melanin Magic**"
(2018) "Company"
(2018) | |
|  | |
| Chris Brown singles chronology | |
| "Either Way"
(2017) "**Melanin Magic**"
(2018) "Tempo"
(2018) | |
| Music video | |
| "Melanin Magic" on YouTube | |
|  | |


title: Trust management (managerial science)

abstract: Trust management deals with how people or groups determine who or what to trust.

text:
# Trust management (managerial science)

**Trust management** (**management by trust, management through trust**) deals with how people or groups determine who or what to trust.

## Definitions

Trust management can be conceptualized in two ways, the process by which an individual becomes trustworthy and second, the process of assessing the reliability of other individuals. Both concepts of trust are considered as equally significant in the context of trust management.

Becoming trustworthy on a personal level is a significant criterion of success and survival as it allows cooperation and collaboration between the individual and other people. Thus it is an important principle as it common for a majority of people attempt to build up a "fake image" of their reliability for personal benefits. Having the ability to assess the reliability of other individuals is equally as important as being trustworthy oneself. Through being able to detect reliability, one can make better decisions and employ trust in the right people.

Taking these two aspects together, the following definition of trust management can be formulated:

“The activities of creating systems and methods that allow relying parties to:

1. Make assessments and decisions regarding the dependability of potential transactions involving risk 2. Allow players and system owners to increase and correctly represent the reliability of themselves and their systems.”

Trust is a container concept used in a broad variety of disciplines. Much work has been done in the field of psychology, sociology, economics, political sciences, philosophy, anthropology and management sciences. Simply defining "trust" is a milestone in the management sciences. One can barely speak of coherent research in the field of trust and trust management.

For trust management defined above, there are some crucial assumptions as follows:

1. Some suspicion is often well-founded in competitive organizations; as in the course of unforeseeable political circumstances, the cost of misplaced trust can have a disastrous effect, 2. In a potentially uncertain, dangerous and risky environment people need to know very well who can be trusted and under what circumstances. Moreover, it is essential to see the necessity of being aware of potential dangers.

The essence of trust management is not only to trust but to decide to what extent to trust-- and how to create and develop trusting relationships.

When there is a trust deficit a climate of resignation ensues. It brings on consternation and makes it hard to concentrate on agreed targets. People tend naturally to limit these effects and create "trust substitutes to counteract the climate of uncertainty generated by these effects". These equivalents of trust are as follows:

1. Providentialism – meaning supernatural forces, fortune, God or metaphysical forces. 2. Corruption – predicting and having control under the other’s people's actions using bribes, favors, favoritism and so on. 3. Pressure – directly and unconditionally controlling the other’s people's actions. 4. Isolation (ghettoization) – separating certain ethnical, religion or professional groups in unfavorable and threatening its environment, with strong internal loyalty strengthened by Xenophobia and lack of tolerance for the others. 5. Paternalism – considered as going in search of strong authority, leader – „quasi father” – who assures missing order, hierarchical harmony and predictability of the group’s life. 6. Externalization – meaning transferring trust in other external groups or communities together with a tendency to idealize the procedure of operations, organizational solutions or total quality of an institution of a targeted group. 7. Excessive assistance of legal institutions – when businessmen do not trust each other, they need formal means to secure the transaction (for instance, detailed contracts, bank guarantees, employing certifying notary, and tendency to sue).

## Application

Trust management needs to be put in practice. The strategy that leads to this is trust building. The rules of trust creation refer to rules and guidelines which have a far- reaching influence on the formation and development of trust. Trust building is the kind of the management strategy because it is strongly focused not only on the present, but first of all on the future cooperation.

The level of trust determines not only individual development, but above everything else it fosters the social and economic evolution of the whole communities. Therefore, trust management is the best solution to develop. However, it is possible only when people act in the atmosphere of trust where trust culture in commonly acceptable and required by every member of the society.

## Culture of trust

Trust culture stands for disseminated in society rules which oblige every citizen to treat trust and trustworthiness as common shared values. In this culture well-rooted norm is to redeem the obligations, be honest, open to collaborate with others. Trust culture negates the existence of corruption.

Culture of trust is helpful in insecure and unorganized situations. Trust can be recognized as the strategy of dealing with uncertainty. Distrust culture is based on cynicism, disorder, corruption, exploiting others, deceiving, great care. In order to function in distrust culture there are implemented various formal legal remedies.

Trust has focal meaning for the success of every transaction. It stimulates the human activities. In countries with trust culture there is higher social well-being and economic growth. In distrust culture those who trust in others are believed to be naive and simple-minded and they are the victims of unfair transactions. Cynicism limits the collaboration, the freedom of activity, destroys communication and divides people. Trust is depreciated.

## Building trust

Building trust has special meaning for social capital. According to Putnam trust is one of elements constituting social capital, together with norms and networks. Without this capital there is impossible the economical and social growth and building capitalism and democracy. Citizens need to have the feeling that they influence state affairs and live in the country characterized by culture of trust. Fukuyama, American politician, economist and political philosopher brought forward the issue of trust and social capital in his famous book entitled Trust: The Social Virtues and the Creation of Prosperity.

Notes


title: Vail M. Delony

abstract: Vail Montgomery Delony (?-1967) was a politician from Louisiana, United States. He served as Speaker of the Louisiana House of Representatives from 1964 to 1967.

text:
# Vail M. Delony

**Vail Montgomery Delony** (?-1967) was a politician from Louisiana, United States. He served as Speaker of the Louisiana House of Representatives from 1964 to 1967.

## InfoBox

| Vail M. Delony | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Speaker of the Louisiana House of Representatives | |
| **In office**<br>1964–1967 | |
| Preceded by | J. Thomas Jewell |
| Succeeded by | John S. Garrett |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Political party | Republican |
| Profession | Politician |
|  | |


title: Somerton Stingers

abstract: The Somerton Stingers are a professional independent baseball team based in Somerton, Arizona, representing that city. A member of the Arizona Winter League, the Stingers are an honor to the Yuma County, Arizona area of Major League Baseball spring training sites, one was the 1969–70 Seattle Pilots of the American League now the Milwaukee Brewers of the National League, and the folded Sonora Pilots/San Luis Atleticos, Tecate Brewers and Snow Falcons namesakes. In 2011, the North American League which replaced the Golden Baseball League whom owned the AWL wanted to grant a team to Merced, California either with that or the "Pilot" or "Miner" namesakes.

text:
# Somerton Stingers

The **Somerton Stingers** are a professional independent baseball team based in Somerton, Arizona, representing that city.

A member of the Arizona Winter League, the Stingers are an honor to the Yuma County, Arizona area of Major League Baseball spring training sites, one was the 1969–70 Seattle Pilots of the American League now the Milwaukee Brewers of the National League, and the folded Sonora Pilots/San Luis Atleticos, Tecate Brewers and Snow Falcons namesakes.

In 2011, the North American League which replaced the Golden Baseball League whom owned the AWL wanted to grant a team to Merced, California either with that or the "Pilot" or "Miner" (see *Western* Canada Miners) namesakes.

## League

They play in the developmental AWL a short-season instructional winter league affiliated with the North American League and play in the American Division, as well as the Arizona RoadRunners, Blythe Heat, Long Beach Armada, and Yuma Scorpions. The Arizona Summer League Scorpions were named the Yuma Panthers for the 2012 season, but the Panthers will play in the NAL instead. There's a proposal for a Tecate "Cervecario" (Spanish for "Brewer" name team).

The team plays their home games in 2012 at Desert Sun Stadium in Yuma, Arizona.

## Season-by-season records

**Arizona Winter League:**

| Season | W | L | Win % | Place | Playoff |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2012 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Starting play in 2012. |

## InfoBox

| Somerton Stingers | |
| --- | --- |
| Information | |
| League | Arizona Winter League (American) |
| Location | Somerton, Arizona |
| Ballpark | Desert Sun Stadium (Yuma, Arizona) |
| Founded | 2012 |
| Division championships | 0 |
| Ownership | North American League |
| Media | Yuma Sun |
| Website | www.arizonawinterleague.com |