title: The Hammond School

abstract: The Hammond School is a specialist performing arts school in Chester, England.

text:
# The Hammond School

53°13′01″N 2°51′11″W / 53.217°N 2.853°W / 53.217; -2.853

**The Hammond School** is a specialist performing arts school in Chester, England.

## History

In 1917, Irene Hammond, a dance teacher and performer from Cheltenham, moved to Chester where she began teaching dance for Amy Broom, née Webster, who was known for her classes at the Grosvenor Ballroom. The Webster School was already an established enterprise in Chester having been run by Broom’s father, Edgar, since 1833. The school was originally opened by Louis Doré of London in 1823.

By 1919, Hammond had officially taken over the school, which became known as the Miss Irene Hammond School. Over the last century, The Hammond has grown and developed, changing and adapting with the times. Betty Hassall, an early student of Hammond, took over the running of the school in 1946 in partnership with Madeline Chambers. At that time, eight hundred children were enrolled at the school and attending weekly classes across Cheshire and Shropshire.

In 1951, the school leased Hampton Lodge and boarding began. The school purchased Hampton Lodge in 1953 and by 1962, the school had expanded its teaching provision into Liverpool Road where it flourished until 1968. Betty Hassall was then instrumental in securing Hoole Bank House in Hoole Village for the school’s Education Department and by 1969, the entire school had moved to the site.

## Overview

Today, The Hammond comprises a secondary school, sixth form and university for pupils aged 11years+, which offers specialist vocational training in Dance, Drama and Music. It also has a three-year professional course leading to the National Diploma in Professional Dance or the National Diploma in Musical Theatre, validated by Trinity College, London. Sixth form also offers a BTEC in Performing Arts (acting) combined with 2 A levels. The school is accredited to the Council for Dance Education and Training and is a member of the Independent Schools Association. The Hammond is a MADE (Music and Dance Excellence) School, one of 8 schools in England funded by the Music and Dance Scheme, offering full bursaries to talented young people.

The school's patron is Irek Mukhamedov – famed ballet dancer of the Bolshoi Ballet and Royal Ballet – who teaches students with a dancing Master Class at The Hammond every two years.

In 2018 The Hammond was listed by The Stage as one of "Seven drama schools where academic achievement is also top class".

## Alumni

Notable alumni include:

1. Henwood, Jo (25 June 2009). "Russian ballet star Irek Mukhamedov gives masterclass at The Hammond School". Trinity Mirror plc. The Chester Chronicle. Archived from the original on 17 September 2017. Retrieved 17 September 2017.
2. "Former Bolshoi star gives masterclass at Chester dance school". Trinity Mirror plc. The Chester Chronicle. 21 April 2011. Archived from the original on 17 September 2017. Retrieved 17 September 2017.
3. Henwood, Jo (25 March 2015). "Bolshoi ballet star visits dancers at The Hammond". Trinity Mirror plc. The Chester Chronicle. Archived from the original on 17 September 2017. Retrieved 17 September 2017.
4. Bird, Rebecca (31 January 2017). "Russian ballet dancer hosts workshops at Chester's Hammond School". Trinity Mirror plc. The Chester Chronicle. Archived from the original on 17 September 2017. Retrieved 17 September 2017.
5. Marsden, Samantha (23 January 2018). "Seven drama schools where academic achievement is also top class". *The Stage*. The Stage Media Company Limited. Archived from the original on 23 January 2018. Retrieved 23 January 2018.
6. "Sharif Afifi - West End Performers". *London Theatre Direct*. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
7. "Alumni & Destinations". *The Hammond School*. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
8. Henwood, Jo (22 January 2016). "Hammond School Hall of Fame - where are they now?". Trinity Mirror plc. The Chester Chronicle. Retrieved 14 September 2017.
9. Barrett, Frances (10 April 2016). "Hammond School pupil Beau Dermott impresses on Britain's Got Talent". Cheshire Live. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
10. Holmes, David (16 November 2015). "I'm a Celebrity Jorgie Porter is ex-Chester student". Trinity Mirror plc. The Chester Chronicle. Archived from the original on 14 September 2017. Retrieved 14 September 2017.
11. "Hollyoaks star Jorgie Porter shares style secrets at Grosvenor Shopping Centre". Trinity Mirror plc. The Chester Chronicle. 18 September 2014. Archived from the original on 14 September 2017. Retrieved 14 September 2017.
12. Kleeman, Alexandra (15 March 2022). "Michelle Yeoh's Quantum Leaps". *The New York Times Magazine*. Retrieved 16 December 2022.

## InfoBox

| The Hammond School | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Address | |
|  | |
| Hoole Bank
Mannings Lane
Chester, Cheshire, CH2 4ES
England | |
| Information | |
| Type | Independent |
| Established | 1917 |
| Founder | Irene Hammond |
| Specialist | Arts (dance and performing arts) |
| Ofsted | Reports |
| President | Mr W. Bromley-Davenport |
| Chairman of Directors | Mrs. K Cowell |
| Principal | Jennifer Roscoe |
| Gender | Coeducational |
| Age | 11+ |
| Website | http://www.thehammond.co.uk |


title: 167th Rifle Division

abstract: The 167th Rifle Division was an infantry division of the Red Army of the Soviet Union, formed twice.

text:
# 167th Rifle Division

The **167th Rifle Division** was an infantry division of the Red Army of the Soviet Union, formed twice.

## History

### First Formation

The division was formed at Balashov in the Volga Military District in July 1940, under the command of *Kombrig* Vasily Rakovsky. Just before the beginning of Operation Barbarossa, the June 1941 German invasion of the Soviet Union, the division became part of the 63rd Rifle Corps. After the beginning of Operation Barbarossa, the division and its corps were sent to the front, joining the 21st Army of the Reserve of the High Command (Stavka reserve). From 28 June, the 167th fought in defense of positions between Rogachev and Zhlobin. During the Battle of Smolensk the division repulsed German attempts to cross the Dnieper. Launching a counterattack, it advanced to the line of the Drut River and remained there until 12 August, when it was withdrawn to the army reserve. Relocated to the area of Dovsk, the division defended the latter as part of the 67th Rifle Corps, fighting in encirclement from 13 August. Due to its loss of contact with the 67th Rifle Corps, the 167th returned to the control of the 63rd Rifle Corps from 14 August. In the encirclement, Rakovsky decided to destroy heavy weapons and ordered the division to escape in groups. He led a group of 25 others out of the encirclement with their weapons in the sector of the 155th Rifle Division of the Bryansk Front on 18 September; about 2,500 men of the division escaped the encirclement. The units that escaped encirclement were disbanded and their men used to reinforce other units.

### Second Formation

On 16 December 1941, the 438th Rifle Division was formed in the Ural Military District. On 23 January 1942, it became the 167th Rifle Division (Second Formation). The division was recreated at Ssucho Lug in February 1942 and fought near Bryansk and at Kursk. The division fought in the Battle of the Dnieper. Division personnel Major Fyodor Bruy, Junior lieutenant Alexander Bondarev, Sergeant major Arkady Chepelev, Senior sergeant Alexey Gabrusev, Sergeant Andrian Zhuravlev and Private Dmitry Yemelyanov, among others, were awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union for their actions during the battle. The division fought in the Carpathians and in Hungary. The division was with the 1st Guards Army of the 4th Ukrainian Front in May 1945. The division ended the war with the honorifics "Sumy-Kiev Twice Red Banner". Postwar, the division moved to Chortkov with the 107th Rifle Corps, part of the 38th Army in the Carpathian Military District. The division and its corps were disbanded in May 1946.

1. Tsapayev & Goremykin 2014, pp. 158–160.
2. Goff 1998, p. 197.
3. warheroes.ru
4. Feskov et al 2013, p. 474.
* Feskov, V.I.; Golikov, V.I.; Kalashnikov, K.A.; Slugin, S.A. (2013). Вооруженные силы СССР после Второй Мировой войны: от Красной Армии к Советской \[*The Armed Forces of the USSR after World War II: From the Red Army to the Soviet: Part 1 Land Forces*\] (in Russian). Tomsk: Scientific and Technical Literature Publishing. ISBN 9785895035306.
* Goff, James F. (December 1998). "The mysterious high-numbered Red Army rifle divisions". *Journal of Slavic Military Studies*. **11** (4): 195–202. doi:10.1080/13518049808430368.  via Taylor & Francis (subscription required)
* Tsapayev, D.A.; et al. (2014). *Великая Отечественная: Комдивы. Военный биографический словарь* \[*The Great Patriotic War: Division Commanders. Military Biographical Dictionary*\] (in Russian). Vol. 5. Moscow: Kuchkovo Pole. ISBN 978-5-9950-0457-8.

## InfoBox

| 167th Rifle Division | |
| --- | --- |
| Active | 1941 (1st formation)
1942–1946 (2nd formation) |
| Country | Soviet Union |
| Branch | Red Army |
| Type | Infantry |
| Engagements |  |
| Decorations | Order of the Red Banner (2)  (2nd formation) |
| Battle honours | Sumy (2nd formation)
Kiev (2nd formation) |


title: 1854 in Wales

abstract: This article is about the particular significance of the year 1854 to Wales and its people.

text:
# 1854 in Wales

This article is about the particular significance of the year **1854** to Wales and its people.

## Incumbents

## Events

## Arts and literature

### New books

#### English language

#### Welsh language

### Music

* David Richards — *Y Blwch Cerddorol* (collection of hymns and anthems)

## Births

## Deaths

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Centuries: |  |
| Decades: |  |
| See also: | List of years in Wales<br>Timeline of Welsh history 1854 in The United Kingdom  Scotland Elsewhere |


title: Null (physics)

abstract: In physics a null is a point in a field where the field quantity is zero as the result of two or more opposing quantities completely cancelling each other. The field may be scalar, vector or tensor in nature. Common situations where nulls arise are in the polar patterns of microphones and antennae, and nulls caused by reflections of waves.

text:
# Null (physics)

In physics a **null** is a point in a field where the field quantity is zero as the result of two or more opposing quantities completely cancelling each other. The field may be scalar, vector or tensor in nature. Common situations where nulls arise are in the polar patterns of microphones and antennae, and nulls caused by reflections of waves.

## Microphones

A common polar pattern for microphones is the cardioid. This has a single direction in which the microphone does not respond to impinging sound waves. Highly directional (shotgun) microphones have more complex polar patterns. These microphones have a large, narrow lobe in the main direction of sound reception but also a smaller lobe in the opposite direction and usually also several other smaller lobes. This pattern is achieved by wave cancellation inside the body of the microphone. Between each of these lobes is a null direction where no sound at all is detected.

## Antennae

A common, and basic, radio antenna is the dipole. This has a figure-of-eight polar pattern with two nulls on opposite sides. Highly directional antennae, such as the Yagi have polar patterns very similar to highly directional microphones and for similar reasons. That is, they have multiple small lobes off the main direction with nulls between them.

## Standing waves

Standing waves can be caused by a wave being reflected back through the transmission medium in which it arrived. If the incident and reflected waves are transmitted without loss then there will be points along the transmission path where the incident and reflected waves exactly cancel each other due to them being in antiphase.

Standing waves are found in wind musical instruments. Wind instruments consist of a tube which acts as an acoustic transmission line in which standing waves are set up. Open ended tubes must have zero air pressure change at the end of the tube so this point is a pressure null. Closed tubes must have zero air velocity at the end of the tube so this point is a velocity null. There may be further nulls along the tube depending on the vibration mode that has been set up by the instrument player. Higher modes have more nulls.

Standing waves also occur on electrical transmission lines. A line with a non-resistive termination will cause a reflection of the signal from the termination with the same amplitude as the incident wave. These waves will cancel periodically along the line causing nulls every half wavelength. The distance of the first null from the termination depends on the nature of the terminating impedance. Nulls on transmission lines are very sharp, in contrast to the peaks which are broad and flat. This makes the nulls easier to measure. An instrument in electronics for measuring the positions of nulls on a line is the slotted line. This instrument can also be used to measure VSWR. With the measurement of VSWR and the null positions the value of the terminating impedance's magnitude and phase can be calculated.

## Measuring bridges

Nulls are used in electrical science to make many measurements. A frequently encountered technique is to adjust the voltage in one branch of a circuit until it nulls out a voltage in another branch. Commonly, a bridge circuit is used for this purpose. There are many varieties of measurement bridge, the most well known of these being the Wheatstone bridge used to accurately measure the resistance of an unknown component against a calibrated variable resistance by comparing the voltages across each. The central branch of the bridge has the voltage under test on one side and the calibrated voltage on the other: when they are equal the voltage across the central branch is nulled out. The measurement is carried out by placing an instrument to detect voltage or current in the central branch. An advantage of the bridge method is that this instrument does not need to be calibrated since it is only required detect nulls, not to actually measure a voltage. The accuracy of the measurement will, however, depend on the sensitivity of the instrument since this will affect the resolution of the bridge.


title: Nactus acutus

abstract: Nactus acutus is a species of lizard in the family Gekkonidae. It is endemic to Papua New Guinea.

text:
# Nactus acutus

***Nactus acutus*** is a species of lizard in the family Gekkonidae. It is endemic to Papua New Guinea.

## InfoBox

| Nactus acutus | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Family: | Gekkonidae |
| Genus: | *Nactus* |
| Species: | ***N. acutus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Nactus acutus***<br>Kraus, 2005 | |
|


title: Let Us Be Like the Sun

abstract: Let Us Be Like the Sun is the sixth book of poetry by Konstantin Balmont, first published in 1903 by Scorpion in Moscow. For an epigraph, Balmont has chosen the words of Anaxagoras: "I entered this world to see the Sun." The book came out with a dedication to Valery Bryusov, Sergey Poliakov, Yurgis Baltrushaitis and Lucy Savitskaya.

text:
# Let Us Be Like the Sun

***Let Us Be Like the Sun*** is the sixth book of poetry by Konstantin Balmont, first published in 1903 by Scorpion in Moscow.

For an epigraph, Balmont has chosen the words of Anaxagoras: "I entered this world to see the Sun." The book came out with a dedication to Valery Bryusov, Sergey Poliakov, Yurgis Baltrushaitis and Lucy Savitskaya.

## Background

Most of its poems were written in 1901–1902 when Balmont stayed at the Sabynino estate in the Kursk Governorate. In March 1902 Balmont made the public recitals for members of G. G. Bakhman's literary circle. The censorship committee instantly got interested, examined the book and demanded that numerous changes should be made. On July 1, 1903, Balmont wrote in a letter to Yeronym Yasinsky, then the editor of *Ezhemesyachnye sochinenya* (Monthly Books) magazine: "Have you received the book *Let Us Be Like the Sun* which while running through the censorship gauntlet has lost ten poems in the process? They wanted to throw out "The Devil's Artist" too, but it was saved by the fact that it had been published already in *Ezhemesyachnye sochinenya*."

The book was completed in late 1902 and published in 1903. Its second edition came as part of the *Collection of Poems* (1904, Scorpion, Moscow), the third of the *Complete Poems by Balmont* (1908, Scorpion, vol.2), the fourth of the *Complete Balmont* (Scorpion, 1912, vol.3), the fifth of *The Collection of Lyric* (Moscow, 1918, vol. 5)

## Problems with censorship

In November 1902 the book was presented to the Moscow censorship committee. The author had to edit it, especially its erotic section called "Enchanted Grotto" (a metaphor for vagina), but that, apparently, was not enough. On March 3, 1903, the censor Sokolov submitted a report to the Saint Petersburg Publishing Department, stating: "Konstantin Balmont's book consists of 205 poems \[...\] From the censorship's point of view all of them are worthy of attention, since they belong to the so-called symbolism, too many of them being erotic, cynical and even sacrilegious. As a censor I found the book in question exceptionally detrimental and would recommend it to be reported immediately to the General Publishing Dpt., adding the notion that it might be especially harmful for modern times when the majority of readership, young people in particular, are so fond of symbolism."

Another censor, M.Nikolsky examined *Let Us Be Like the Sun* and demanded that some more cuts should be made in the text of the book, some copies of which have already been printed. M.N.Semyonov, Polyakov's relative and associate at the Scorpion, wrote the latter on May 17: "Brother Sergey, things with *Let Us Be Like the Sun* as they stand now, are appalling. I've seen Zverev today and he told me: 'When we met for the first time I told you some pornographic poems would have to go, but now, another Committee member has read it, and he found many poems there to be sacrilegious, which makes the matter more serious."

Twenty years later Balmont decided to restore the poems banned by censors. He planned to involve the avant-garde artist and painter Natalia Goncharova as well as illustrator Lucy Savitskaya in the project but failed apparently find a French publisher.

Many poems, excluded from "The Enchanted Grotto", have been later mistakenly attributed to Maximilian Voloshin (who's copied them for some reason to his notebooks). The Soviet scholar V.N.Orlov published the collection in its original form, as an academic edition.

## Critical analysis

The critic and biographer M.Stakhova saw the book as an attempt to artistically recreate the cosmogonist picture of the Universe with the Sun at its center; a pantheist Bible of worshipping elements, the Moon and the stars. Among its recurrent theme is that 'stopping the time' and reaching the 'magic in moment' ("The thought has no means to fathom depths/ No means to slow down the running Spring/ It can, though, say Stop! to time/ Break down its own chains and now be chained by Dream").

Fire, the earthly 'face' of the Sun, holds special place in Balmont's scheme of things. "Russian literature has never known such fire-worshipper, as Balmont was," biographer Nikolai Bannikov wrote.

## InfoBox

Let Us Be Like the Sun
| First edition cover | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Konstantin Balmont |
| Original title | *Будем как Солнце* |
| Publication date | 1903 |
| Publication place | Russia |
| Media type | Print |


title: South Midlands

abstract: The South Midlands is an area of England which includes Northamptonshire, the northern parts of Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire and the western part of Bedfordshire. Unlike the East Midlands or West Midlands, the South Midlands is not one of the NUTS statistical regions of the United Kingdom.

text:
# South Midlands

The **South Midlands** is an area of England which includes Northamptonshire, the northern parts of Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire and the western part of Bedfordshire. Unlike the East Midlands or West Midlands, the South Midlands is not one of the NUTS statistical regions of the United Kingdom.

## An early definition

The 1851 census defined a South Midland division which comprised Middlesex (except the Metropolitan portion), Hertfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Oxfordshire, Northamptonshire, Huntingdonshire, Bedfordshire and Cambridgeshire.

To understand why the South Midland division extends so far south, it may help to know that some 19th-century geographers defined a Central Plain consisting of the middle parts of England, lying between the valleys of the River Trent and the River Thames to the north and south, and between the Fen district and the high ground bordering the valley of the River Severn to the east and west.

## Milton Keynes and South Midlands growth area

In 2008, the Government referred to an area centred on the City of Milton Keynes as the **Milton Keynes and South Midlands growth area**. This area comprises the whole of Bedfordshire, the whole of Northamptonshire, and parts of Buckinghamshire (the City of Milton Keynes and other parts of north Buckinghamshire). It straddles the boundaries of other regions of England, including portions of the East Midlands, East of England and South East England.

The main settlements are Aylesbury, Milton Keynes, Northampton, Corby, Kettering, Wellingborough, Rushden, Bedford and Luton. A report in 2002 found that: "The most successful economies are those of Milton Keynes and Northampton. Bedford, Corby and the Luton/Dunstable/Houghton Regis area are in need of regeneration." The region is served by London Luton Airport (the fifth busiest airport in the United Kingdom), and has important road and rail links, being served by the M1 motorway and both the West Coast and East Coast main lines, connecting it with London, Birmingham and the north of England.

## Other examples

52°06′N 0°48′W / 52.1°N 0.8°W / 52.1; -0.8

## InfoBox

| South Midlands | |
| --- | --- |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Constituent country | England |
| Region | East Midlands (part)
East of England (part)
South East England (part) |
| Counties |  |
| Counties included in some definitions |  |
| Time zone | UTC+0 (Greenwich Mean Time) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+1 (British Summer Time) |


title: The Hamnet Players

abstract: The Hamnet Players is a virtual theater group, founded in 1993 by Stuart Harris, an English writer living in San Diego, California. There have been six Hamnet Players productions, beginning in 1993 with a virtual theatre performance using Internet Relay Chat (IRC), based on William Shakespeare's Hamlet. The show "Hamnet" is cited as the first-ever experiment with virtual theater.

text:
# The Hamnet Players

**The Hamnet Players** is a virtual theater group, founded in 1993 by Stuart Harris, an English writer living in San Diego, California. There have been six Hamnet Players productions, beginning in 1993 with a virtual theatre performance using Internet Relay Chat (IRC), based on William Shakespeare's *Hamlet*. The show "Hamnet" is cited as the first-ever experiment with virtual theater.

## History

### *Hamnet*

The Hamnet Players were founded in 1993 by Stuart Harris, an English actor, computer consultant, and expert on IRC living in San Diego, California.

On December 12, 1993, the Players debuted the concept of internet theater with their production of "Hamnet," an 80-line parody of William Shakespeare's *Hamlet* performed via Internet Relay Chat. The group takes its name from this production.

Harris created a designated chat channel on IRC named #hamnet, where actors and spectators could meet, with casting carried out on the day of the performance. The show had a cast of 19 and a crew of 4. The script includes reactions performed by a character called 'Audience.' Since the show took place on an IRC channel, users were anonymous and could interact in any way they wished. The creative team did not take action to counter this. The play was performed a second time three months later on 6 February 1994, featuring the Royal Shakespeare Company's Ian Taylor as the principal character. During that production, a bot killed Hamlet in the middle of the show. The cast of Players changes from one performance to another.

### Further productions

On 23 April 1994, The Hamnet Players premiered their second production called "PCbeth: an IBM clone of Macbeth", a 160-line parody of the Shakespeare play *Macbeth*, with 21 cast and crew members based across the world. It was re-staged on 10 July 1994, as a festival production.

In February 1995, the plot of Tennessee Williams' play *A Streetcar Named Desire* was used to create their third original piece, "An IRC Channel Named #desire." As with other theatrical productions, the shows happened in real-time. It was performed twice, once on 30 October 1994, and again on 12 February 1995. The performances consisted of 28 cast and crew members.

## Performance and language

Every performance by The Hamnet Players uses Internet Relay Chat (IRC) software and worldwide links. Each line of the full script is numbered in sequence. After casting, actors are given their lines and cues by email, and no rehearsal is allowed. This ensures that it is only the production team that knows how the performance will unfold when presented in IRC.

The scripts were adaptations that significantly changed the dialogue from the source texts. The Hamnet Players replaced the archaic and literary language of William Shakespeare with colloquial Anglo-American English and internet slang. The shows were short, simplified versions of the original shows. "Hamnet" is only 80 lines long and there are only ten named characters, as opposed to the eighteen named in Shakespeare's original play.

Both the "Hamlet" and "Macbeth" parodies spoofed IRC, email, and other Internet conventions and practices. An example in "Hamnet" was the line:

```
<Hamlet> Oph: suggest

```

Instead of "get thee to a nunnery," Hamlet tells Ophelia to join an IRC channel named #nunnery. The script cites the IRC command/join. Ordinarily, the slash is necessary to activate the command online; here, of course its only function is to make a joke.

The "PCbeth" script was mainly rewritten in IRC-ese and contemporary colloquial English. Only rarely did Gayle Kidder, the writer, use both original and modern language together, as in:

```
Is this a dagger I see before me? Crikes this castle’s spooky at night! [34]

```

In Scene 1 of "PCbeth," PCbeth and Banquo enter, "armored for KICK/BAN/DE-OP wars." Their wars are fought with three IRC commands: /kick removes a person temporarily from a channel; /ban prevents him or her from returning; and /de-op, a variant of the notion chanop or "channel operator," which is a person given certain privileges in managing a channel. To drop someone is to deprive them of these privileges.

The players often cited snippets from plays other than the one being performed. In the first performance of "Hamnet," the user Gazza announced that he would have to sign off, drive home from university, and then log on again. His execution of the sign-off command in IRC appeared on the screen as follows:

```
*** Signoff: Gazza (A horse, a horse, my kingdom for a horse….)

```

This is a reference to a well-known line in Richard III. Sometimes people would pretend to be characters from other Shakespeare plays. For instance, during preparations for "Hamnet," someone suddenly changed their nickname from \<Spectator\> to \<MacBeth\>. The move did not go unnoticed:

```
 <Recorder> Wrong play Spectator. ;-)

```

## Reception

In her paper "*Curtain Time 20:00 GMT; Experiments with Virtual Theater on Internet Relay Chat*", Brenda Danet says of "Hamnet" that the "...gross reduction of the length of the text and caricaturization of plot and action, along with transformation of hallowed Renaissance poetry into late 20th century colloquial prose and even lowly slang ... transform the play into a kind of typed Punch and Judy show".

Reviewing "Hamnet" in her thesis on internet performance, Mary Anglin wrote that: "The usual script-based format of IRC, and its use of dialogue as the primary communication method, present the facility as an ideal platform for performing text-based drama experimentally. The online potential for spontaneity and improvisation was both realised and cursed, however, when a bot unintentionally killed Hamlet halfway through the production."

## List of productions

* Hamnet, 1st production (12 December 1993)
* Hamnet, 2nd production (6 February 1994)
* PCBeth (an IBM clone of Macbeth), 1st production (23 April 1994)
* PCBeth (an IBM clone of Macbeth), 2nd production (10 July 1994)
* An IRC channel named #desire, 1st production (30 October 1994)
* An IRC channel named #desire, 2nd production (12 February 1995)


title: 167 Urda

abstract: 167 Urda is a main-belt asteroid that was discovered by German-American astronomer Christian Heinrich Friedrich Peters on August 28, 1876, in Clinton, New York, and named after Urd, one of the Norns in Norse mythology. In 1905, Austrian astronomer Johann Palisa showed that the asteroid varied in brightness. Photometric observations of this asteroid at the Palmer Divide Observatory in Colorado Springs, Colorado, during 2007–8 gave a light curve with a period of 13.06133 ± 0.00002 hours. This S-type asteroid is a member of the Koronis family of asteroids that share similar orbital elements. In 2002, a diameter estimate of 37.93 ± 3.17 km was obtained from the Midcourse Space Experiment observations, with an albedo of 0.2523 ± 0.0448. A stellar occultation by Urda was observed from Japan on July 23, 2001.

text:
# 167 Urda

**167 Urda** is a main-belt asteroid that was discovered by German-American astronomer Christian Heinrich Friedrich Peters on August 28, 1876, in Clinton, New York, and named after Urd, one of the Norns in Norse mythology. In 1905, Austrian astronomer Johann Palisa showed that the asteroid varied in brightness.

Photometric observations of this asteroid at the Palmer Divide Observatory in Colorado Springs, Colorado, during 2007–8 gave a light curve with a period of 13.06133 ± 0.00002 hours. This S-type asteroid is a member of the Koronis family of asteroids that share similar orbital elements.

In 2002, a diameter estimate of 37.93 ± 3.17 km was obtained from the Midcourse Space Experiment observations, with an albedo of 0.2523 ± 0.0448.

A stellar occultation by Urda was observed from Japan on July 23, 2001.

## InfoBox

167 Urda
| A three-dimensional model of 167 Urda based on its light curve. | |
| --- | --- |
| Discovery | |
| Discovered by | C. H. F. Peters |
| Discovery site | Clinton, New York |
| Discovery date | 28 August 1876 |
| Designations | |
| MPC designation | (167) Urda |
| Pronunciation | /ˈɜːrdə/ |
| Named after | Urd |
| Alternative designations | A876 QA; 1899 KC;
1905 QA; 1906 WA |
| Minor planet category | main belt (Koronis asteroid family) |
| Orbital characteristics | |
| Epoch 31 July 2016 (JD 2457600.5) | |
| Uncertainty parameter 0 | |
| Observation arc | 132.01 yr (48218 d) |
| Aphelion | 2.9583526 AU (442.56325 Gm) |
| Perihelion | 2.7493497 AU (411.29686 Gm) |
| Semi-major axis | 2.8538511 AU (426.93005 Gm) |
| Eccentricity | 0.0366177 |
| Orbital period (sidereal) | 4.82 yr (1760.9 ) |
| Mean anomaly | 37.607175 |
| Mean motion | 0° 12m 15.969s / day |
| Inclination | 2.212408° |
| Longitude of ascending node | 166.21859° |
| Argument of perihelion | 133.03586° |
| Earth MOID | 1.73392 AU (259.391 Gm) |
| Jupiter MOID | 2.10867 AU (315.453 Gm) |
| TJupiter | 3.302 |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Dimensions | 39.94±1.9 km |
| Synodic rotation period | 13.07  (0.545 ) |
| Geometric albedo | 0.2230±0.023 |
| Spectral type |  |
| Absolute magnitude *(H)* | 9.1 |
|  | |


title: Norman Allin

abstract: Norman Allin CBE was a British bass singer of the early and mid twentieth century, and later a teacher of voice.

text:
# Norman Allin

**Norman Allin** CBE (19 November 1884 – 27 October 1973) was a British bass singer of the early and mid twentieth century, and later a teacher of voice.

## Early studies

Allin was born in Ashton-under-Lyne in 1884. He studied at the Royal Manchester College of Music under John Acton (singing) and Walter Carroll (theory). He married the teacher Edith Clegg in 1912 and went to London, where the conductor Sir Henry Wood heard him and planned to involve him in the 1914 Norwich Festival. The festival was interrupted by the outbreak of World War I. However, Allin did sing the Handel aria "O ruddier than the cherry", from *Acis and Galatea*, at a Promenade Concert for Wood during the war.

## Operatic career

Sir Thomas Beecham auditioned him and at once offered him the title role in Mussorgsky's *Boris Godunov*, but Allin felt a less challenging debut was needed. So, his first appearance for Beecham was as the Old Hebrew in *Samson et Dalila* on 15 October 1916. With the Beecham Opera Company he appeared, too, in Verdi's *Aida*. He first sang at a Royal Philharmonic concert, again under Beecham's baton, in 1918. He later appeared as Boris, as Gurnemanz in Wagner's *Parsifal*, Hagen in Wagner's *Götterdämmerung* and Baron Ochs in Richard Strauss's *Der Rosenkavalier* at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden. In 1921, he became a founder-member of the British National Opera Company.

Allin created the role of Sir John Falstaff in Holst's 1925 opera *At the Boar's Head*. In 1934, he appeared in the initial Glyndebourne Festival production under Fritz Busch and Carl Ebert of Mozart's *The Marriage of Figaro*.

## Concert and oratorio

Allin was perhaps best known to contemporary music-goers as a concert recitalist and an oratorio singer. He appeared before the Royal Philharmonic Society in a Royal Choral Society Beethoven *Missa Solemnis* in 1927 under Sir Hugh Allen. In 1932, after giving his 270th performance of Handel's *Messiah*, at a Halle concert, he decided not to sing the part again.

He always gave the greatest satisfaction when he sang in music festivals, and Wood felt that he could trust him with anything. He was one of the soloists in the original line-up for Vaughan Williams's *Serenade to Music* on 5 October 1938. The words set for his solo are 'The motions of his spirit are dull as night, And his affections dark as Erebus,' the lowest-lying solo line of the work. He was also in the performance of the piece for the Royal Philharmonic Society, on behalf of the Musicians' Benevolent Fund, in February 1940.

## Teaching career

In 1934 he took part in a seven-month operatic tour in Australia, appearing mainly in Melbourne and Sydney. On his return he was offered a professorship of singing at the Royal Academy of Music, and took it up in autumn 1935. Later he also accepted a similar appointment at the Royal Manchester College, which he held jointly with the other, only resigning the Manchester post in 1942 owing to pressure of work in London.

## Recordings

Norman Allin recorded for Columbia Records. His recording career lasted from circa 1916 to circa 1940. Many of his titles were cut twice, first acoustically and then, after 1925, electrically.

Among the acoustic recordings was an early best-seller, the 10" record of Bruno Huhn's 'Invictus' (to words of W. E. Henley) coupled with Coningsby Clarke's 'The Blind Ploughman'. This was re-made electrically. Examples of his operatic and concert titles are:

Allin died, aged 88, at Pontrilas.

## Sources

* BBC Radio 3 broadcast written and presented by John Steane, 1988, for the 50th anniversary of the *Serenade to Music*.
* D. Brook, *Singers of Today* (Revised Edition – Rockliff, London 1958), 11–15.
* Arthur Eaglefield Hull, *A Dictionary of Modern Music and Musicians* (Dent, London 1924).
* R. Elkin, *Royal Philharmonic* (Ryder, London 1946).
* Harewood, *Kobbé's Complete Opera Book* (Putnam, London 1954).
* R. Pound, *Sir Henry Wood, a biography* (Cassell, London 1969).
* Rosenthal, Harold and John Warrack. (1979, 2nd ed.). *The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Opera*. London, New York and Melbourne: Oxford University Press. p. 8. ISBN 0-19-311318-X.
* Sadie, Stanley and Christina Bashford. (1992). *The New Grove Dictionary of Opera*. London: Macmillan Publishers Ltd. Vol. 1, p. 94. ISBN 0-935859-92-6.
* Sadie, Stanley and John Tyrrell. (2001).*The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians*. London: Macmillan Publishers Ltd. Vol. 1, p. 405. ISBN 0-333-60800-3.
* H.J. Wood, *My Life of Music* (Cheap Edition, Gollancz, London 1946).


title: MV Shapinsay

abstract: MV Shapinsay is a Ro-Ro vehicle ferry operated by Orkney Ferries.

text:
# MV Shapinsay

**MV *Shapinsay*** is a Ro-Ro vehicle ferry operated by Orkney Ferries.

## History

MV *Shapinsay* was built by Yorkshire Drydock in Kingston upon Hull in 1989. She was refurbished and lengthened by 6m in 2011 at an estimated cost of £1.5 million.

## Service

MV *Shapinsay* is normally allocated to the Inner Isles services between Kirkwall and Shapinsay.

## InfoBox

| MV *Shapinsay* waits to load vehicles for the short crossing to Shapinsay. | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| United Kingdom | |
| Name | MV *Shapinsay* |
| Owner | Orkney Islands Council |
| Operator | Orkney Ferries |
| Port of registry | Kirkwall |
| Builder | Yorkshire Drydock, Hull |
| Completed | 1989 |
| Identification |  |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | MCA Class IV |
| Type | Ro-Ro Vehicle & Passenger Ferry |
| Tonnage | 199 |
| Length | 26.602 m (87.3 ft) |
| Beam | 8.8 m (28.9 ft) |
| Draft | 1.45 m (4.8 ft) |
| Ramps | bow |
| Installed power | 2 x 270kW |
| Speed | 9.5 knots (17.6 km/h; 10.9 mph) |
| Capacity | 91 passengers; 12 cars or approximately 40 tonnes |
| Notes |  |


# 1810 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina

South Carolina elected its member October 8–9, 1810.

| District | Incumbent | | | This race | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Representative | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates |
| South Carolina 1
"Charleston district" | Robert Marion | Democratic-Republican | 1804 | Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic-Republican hold.
Incumbent then resigned December 4, 1810 and successor was also elected to finish the current term, see above. | **Langdon Cheves** (Democratic-Republican) 89.2%
Others 10.8% |
| South Carolina 2
"Beaufort district" | William Butler Sr. | Democratic-Republican | 1800 | Incumbent re-elected. | **William Butler Sr.** (Democratic-Republican)
Edmund Bacon (Democratic-Republican)
Francisco Annone (Federalist) |
| South Carolina 3
"Georgetown district" | Robert Witherspoon | Democratic-Republican | 1808 | Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic-Republican hold. | **David R. Williams** (Democratic-Republican) 94.4%
Moses Glover (Federalist) 5.6% |
| South Carolina 4
"Orangeburgh district" | John Taylor | Democratic-Republican | 1806 | Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic-Republican hold. | **William Lowndes** (Democratic-Republican) 52.2%
John Taylor (Democratic-Republican) 47.8% |
| South Carolina 5
"Sumter district" | Richard Winn | Democratic-Republican | 1802 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. | **Richard Winn** (Democratic-Republican) 100% |
| South Carolina 6
"Abbeville district" | Joseph Calhoun | Democratic-Republican | 1807 (Special) | Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic-Republican hold. | **John C. Calhoun** (Democratic-Republican) 72.2%
John A. Elmore (Democratic-Republican) 27.8%
Eastland(Federalist) |
| South Carolina 7
"Chester district" | Thomas Moore | Democratic-Republican | 1800 | Incumbent re-elected. | **Thomas Moore** (Democratic-Republican) 100% |
| South Carolina 8
"Pendleton district" | Lemuel J. Alston | Democratic-Republican | 1806 | Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Democratic-Republican hold. | **Elias Earle** (Democratic-Republican) 58.0%
William Hunter (Federalist) 42.0% |


title: O'Rourke–McFadden Trophy

abstract: The O'Rourke–McFadden Trophy was created in 2008 by the Boston College Gridiron Club to commemorate the tradition at Clemson and Boston College while honoring the legacy of Charlie O'Rourke and Banks McFadden. O'Rourke and McFadden are members of the College Football Hall of Fame who played during the leather helmet era. Since the trophy's inception in 2008, the club has presented it to every winner of a Boston College-Clemson football game.

text:
# O'Rourke–McFadden Trophy

800km
500miles Clemson  Boston CollegeLocations of Boston College and Clemson

The **O'Rourke–McFadden Trophy** was created in 2008 by the Boston College Gridiron Club to commemorate the tradition at Clemson and Boston College while honoring the legacy of Charlie O'Rourke and Banks McFadden. O'Rourke and McFadden are members of the College Football Hall of Fame who played during the leather helmet era. Since the trophy's inception in 2008, the club has presented it to every winner of a Boston College-Clemson football game.

## Trophy history

The Boston College Gridiron Club commissioned the trophy to honor the relationship between Clemson and Boston College that began 84 years ago, in early 1940, and to recognize the support of Tiger fans in welcoming Boston College to the ACC, which BC joined in 2005.

The trophy features two leather helmet replicas of those used by O’Rourke of Boston College and McFadden of Clemson, when they competed against each other in the 1940 Cotton Bowl in Dallas, Texas. In addition to the trophy presentation, the Boston College Gridiron Club presents a replica leather helmet to the MVP of the winning school. The helmet will reflect the colors of the winning team.

### Namesakes

**Charlie O’Rourke** led Boston College from the quarterback position to a 26–3–2 (.871) record in his three years (193840). One of those three losses was to McFadden and Clemson in the 1940 Cotton Bowl. O'Rourke went on to play quarterback and defensive back for the Chicago Bears, Los Angeles Dons, and Baltimore Colts. After two years as an NFL coach, he coached at Massachusetts (1952–59). O’Rourke later served as commissioner of the Pop Warner League, a national organization of junior football teams. His jersey was retired at Boston College and he was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1972.

**Banks McFadden** led the Tigers to a 9–1 record in 1939 as the starting quarterback. He was an All-American in football and basketball at Clemson. The 1939 football team finished 12th in the final AP poll (early December), for Clemson’s first top 20 season on record, and the win over Boston College in the Cotton Bowl was Clemson’s first bowl appearance. In the spring of 1939, he led Clemson to the Southern Conference Basketball championship. McFadden was Clemson’s first inductee into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1959. He was the fourth overall pick of the 1940 NFL draft by the Brooklyn Dodgers. After one year in the NFL and a stint in the Army Air Corps during World War II, he returned to Clemson and held coaching positions in football, basketball, and track. McFadden became the first coach in college basketball history to improve his conference wins in five consecutive seasons.

## Game results

| Boston College victories | Clemson victories | Tie games |
| --- | --- | --- |

## InfoBox

O'Rourke–McFadden Trophy
| Boston College Eagles   Clemson Tigers | |
| --- | --- |
| Sport | Football |
| First meeting | January 1, 1940
Clemson 6–3 |
| Latest meeting | October 8, 2022
Clemson 31–3 |
| Next meeting | 2025 in Chestnut Hill, MA |
| Statistics | |
| Meetings total | 31 |
| All-time series | Clemson leads 21–9–2 |
| Largest victory | Clemson 59–7
(October 26, 2019) |
| Longest win streak | Clemson 12
(2011–present) |
| Current win streak | Clemson 12
(2011–present) |


title: Vlkoš (Hodonín District)

abstract: Vlkoš is a municipality and village in Hodonín District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,000 inhabitants. Vlkoš lies approximately 17 kilometres (11 mi) north of Hodonín, 47 km (29 mi) south-east of Brno, and 233 km (145 mi) south-east of Prague.

text:
# Vlkoš (Hodonín District)

**Vlkoš** is a municipality and village in Hodonín District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,000 inhabitants.

Vlkoš lies approximately 17 kilometres (11 mi) north of Hodonín, 47 km (29 mi) south-east of Brno, and 233 km (145 mi) south-east of Prague.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1869 | 752 |  |
| 1880 | 825 | +9.7% |
| 1890 | 840 | +1.8% |
| 1900 | 905 | +7.7% |
| 1910 | 910 | +0.6% |
| 1921 | 931 | +2.3% |
| 1930 | 963 | +3.4% |
| 1950 | 940 | −2.4% |
| 1961 | 1,038 | +10.4% |
| 1970 | 1,052 | +1.3% |
| 1980 | 1,034 | −1.7% |
| 1991 | 1,077 | +4.2% |
| 2001 | 1,034 | −4.0% |
| 2011 | 1,011 | −2.2% |
| 2021 | 997 | −1.4% |
| Source: Censuses | | |

## Notable people

* Sergěj Ingr (1894–1956), army general and Minister of National Defense

## InfoBox

| Vlkoš | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Wine cellars | |
|  | |
| VlkošLocation in the Czech Republic | |
| Coordinates: 48°59′23″N 17°9′49″E / 48.98972°N 17.16361°E / 48.98972; 17.16361 | |
| Country | Czech Republic |
| Region | South Moravian |
| District | Hodonín |
| First mentioned | 1248 |
| Area | |
| Total | 8.64 km2 (3.34 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 197 m (646 ft) |
| Population (2024-01-01) | |
| Total | 1,026 |
| Density | 120/km2 (310/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 696 41 |
| Website | www.vlkos.cz |


title: Nagercoil Municipal Corporation

abstract: Nagercoil Corporation is located in Kanyakumari district. Nagercoil is the administrative headquarters of Kanyakumari district and it is located in southern Tamil Nadu. The corporation is located 18 km north of Kanyakumari. Nagercoil Corporation is a forum with 52 members. At present Kottar, Vadasery and Vetturnimadam are the important places in Nagercoil Corporation. The annual tax revenue of this corporation is 81 crore rupees.

text:
# Nagercoil Municipal Corporation

**Nagercoil Corporation** is located in Kanyakumari district. Nagercoil is the administrative headquarters of Kanyakumari district and it is located in southern Tamil Nadu. The corporation is located 18 km north of Kanyakumari. Nagercoil Corporation is a forum with 52 members. At present **Kottar**, **Vadasery** and **Vetturnimadam** are the important places in Nagercoil Corporation. The annual tax revenue of this corporation is 81 crore rupees.

## History

Nagercoil Municipality was established in 1920 during the reign of Travancore State. In 1947, Nagercoil was upgraded to a primary municipality. Kanyakumari district, which was part of the princely state of Travancore, was annexed to Tamil Nadu on 1 November 1956 as a result of the **Kumari liberation struggle**. When it became a district of Tamil Nadu, Nagercoil municipality was upgraded to a secondary municipality in 1956 and then to a primary municipality in 1961. It was later upgraded to an elective municipality on 12 October 1978 and a special status municipality from 30 May 1988. Then, on 14 February 2019, Nagercoil Municipality was upgraded to Municipal Corporation by former Chief minister of TamilNadu Edappadi K. Palanisamy.

## Administration

**Nagercoil Corporation**
| Commissioner | Mayor | Deputy Mayor | Corporation Councillors |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Nishant Krishna IAS | Mahesh DMK | Mary Princy DMK | **52** |

## Elections

The seats of the Mayor, Deputy Mayor and the corporation council of the Nagercoil Corporation have been vacant since 2016. As part of the 2022 Tamil Nadu urban civic body elections, the Nagercoil Corporation went to polling on 19 February 2022, alongside 20 other municipal corporations of Tamil Nadu, to elect 52 councillors to represent the city's 52 wards; the councillors will choose one amongst themselves as the Mayor of Nagercoil. The election results were announced on 22 February 2022 by the Tamil Nadu State Election Commission. The Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) won 24 out of the total 52 wards in Nagercoil, with the other parties in its Secular Progressive Alliance winning 8 more seats—7 for Indian National Congress, 1 for Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (MDMK). The All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) won 7 seats. The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), the ruling party of the Union Government of India, won 11 seats. Aside parties, two independent candidates won in their respective wards.

## Important information

| **Area sq.km** | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 61.36 sq.km | | | |
| **Population** | | | |
| 2021 Estimates to | | 6,22,759 | |
| **Zones** | | | |
| East Zone Thiru.B.Selva Kumar | West Zone Tmt.G.Augustina
Kohilavani | South Zone Thiru. Dr.P.Muthuraman | North Zone Thiru. I.Jawahar |
| **Corporators** | | | |
| 52 | | | |
| Working teams | | | |
| Tax and Found Team | | | |
| Work Team | | | |
| Plan Team | | | |
| Welfare Team | | | |
| Education Team | | | |
| Calculation team | | | |
|

## Administrative Areas

Covering an area of 61.36  km2, Nagercoil Corporation consisted of former Nagercoil village, Vadiveeswaram village, Vadasery village and Neendakarai village. Currently, the Asaripallam Town Panchayat is annexed to the Nagercoil municipality. The corporation functions as a forum with 52 members.

## Wards

| S.No | Ward Member | Party |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 |  |  |
| 2 |  |  |
| 3 |  |  |
| 4 |  |  |
| 5 |  |  |
| 6 |  |  |
| 7 |  |  |
| 8 |  |  |
| 9 |  |  |
| 10 |  |  |
| 11 |  |  |
| 12 |  |  |
| 13 |  |  |
| 14 |  |  |

## InfoBox

| Nagercoil Corporation | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Type | |
| Type | Municipal corporation |
| Established | 2019 |
| Leadership | |
| Mayor | Thiru. Mahesh, DMK
since 2022 |
| Deputy Mayor | Tmt. Mary Princy, DMK
since 2022 |
| Commissioner | Thiru. Anand Mohan, IAS |
| City Health Officer | Mr.John jonabark (i /c) |
| City Engineer | Thiru. T.Balasubramaniyam, BE, MBA, APGDUM |
| District Collector | Thiru. P. N.Sridhar, IAS |
| Structure | |
| Seats | 52 |
|  | |
| Political groups | **Government (Alliance) (32)**
* DMK (24) * INC (7) **Opposition (18)**
**Others (2)**
 |
| Meeting place | |
|  | |
| Corporation Office Nagercoil | |
| Website | |
| www.nagercoilcorporation.in | |


title: Let Me Live (Charley Pride song)

abstract: "Let Me Live" is a song written by Ben Peters. It was originally recorded by American country music artist Charley Pride. The song was produced by Jack Clement and was released as a single via RCA Victor Records in 1971. The song became a top 40 hit on the Billboard country chart and in Canada. It was Pride's only gospel recording to become a major hit.

text:
# Let Me Live (Charley Pride song)

"**Let Me Live**" is a song written by Ben Peters. It was originally recorded by American country music artist Charley Pride. The song was produced by Jack Clement and was released as a single via RCA Victor Records in 1971. The song became a top 40 hit on the *Billboard* country chart and in Canada. It was Pride's only gospel recording to become a major hit.

## Background and content

Under the supervision and guidance of Jack Clement, Charley Pride became country music's first commercially-successful African-American recording artist. By the early 1970s, he had several number one hits and released several studio albums. In 1971, he would release his first album of gospel music, which would include the song, "Let Me Live." The song was composed by Ben Peters. The song was recorded on February 2, 1971 at the RCA Victor Studio. Two additional gospel songs were recorded during the same session. Jack Clement would serve as producer for the song.

## Release and reception

"Let Me Live" was released as a single via RCA Victor Records in April 1971. It was Pride's sixteenth single released in his music career. "Let Me Live" was actually the B-side on the single release. "Did You Think to Pray" was the original A-side but was not played as heavily at radio. It spent a total of nine weeks on the *Billboard* Hot Country Songs chart and peaked at number 21 on the list in May 1971. The song was Pride's first gospel recording (and only to date) to become a hit on country radio. It was also his first single to miss the country top ten since 1967. In addition, it also became a hit in Canada, also reaching number 37 on the *RPM* Country Singles chart in 1968. It was later released on Pride's 1971 gospel album, *Did You Think to Pray.*

## Track listings

**7" vinyl single**

## Charts

| Chart (1971) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Canada Country Songs (*RPM*) | 37 |
| US Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles (*Billboard*) | 4 |
| US Hot Country Songs (*Billboard*) | 21 |
|

## InfoBox

| "Let Me Live" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Charley Pride | |
| from the album  *Did You Think to Pray* | |
| A-side | "Did You Think to Pray" |
| Released | April 1971 (1971-04) |
| Recorded | February 11, 1971 |
| Studio | RCA Victor Studio |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 3:23 |
| Label | RCA Victor |
| Songwriter(s) | Ben Peters |
| Producer(s) | Jack Clement |
| Charley Pride singles chronology | |
| "I'd Rather Love You"
(1971) "**Let Me Live**"
(1971) "I'm Just Me"
(1971) | |


title: The Labyrinth Key

abstract: The Labyrinth Key is a science fiction novel by American writer Howard V. Hendrix, first published in 2004.

text:
# The Labyrinth Key

***The Labyrinth Key*** is a science fiction novel by American writer Howard V. Hendrix, first published in 2004.

## Plot introduction

The backdrop for this story is an informational arms races between a future United States of America and China. Both countries are attempting to build a quantum computer, which they believe will be the ultimate information weapon, creating and breaking encryption schemes. One of the American investigators, Dr. Jaron L. Kwok, is mysteriously killed while in Hong Kong, and his mathematical understudy Ben Cho is ordered to pick up Kwok's investigation in an attempt to find out why and how he died.

Running parallel to this storyline are the lives of Don Markham (known as Don Strum in Cybernesia) and Lu Mei-lin (also known as Marilyn Lu). Don is a computer programmer whose work specializes in the virtual reality world Cybernesia. Lu is a forensic detective who works in Hong Kong. After Kwok's death she is the leading detective on the case, called to Sha Tin by the Guoanbo, China's version of the CIA and its leader in the race for the quantum computer.

At the time of Kwok's death a holocaust is disseminated throughout the world, showing the circumstances of the virtual reality world that he had died in. However, his death prompts not only the US and China, but multiple other organizations (from terrorists to secret societies) to go to any lengths for the chance to get binotech, the newest technology that reduplicates itself and stores a huge amount of information in tiny quantities.

## Reception

Regina Schroeder in his review for Booklist said that "Layers of secret ruling societies, interconnections between historical cryptography and the work of the tale’s own cutting-edge scientists (including everything from Matteo Ricci’s memory palaces to the Cabala), and an unexpected danger to reality combine with political scheming in this tight thriller with a clever historical basis." Publishers Weekly in their review said "the book features abstruse speculation on memory and forgetting, on the making and breaking of secrets and the mind's ability to manipulate the quantum nature of reality. Unfortunately, the earnestness of conspiracy theory punctures the dizzying metaphysical bubbles Hendrix blows, leaving the story a bit flat. And in an infinitude of infinite universes, where everything occurs, tragedy loses its significance and sting."

## Release details

* 2004, United States of America, Random House Inc. ISBN 0-345-45596-7, Pub date March 2004, Paperback
* 2006, United States of America, Random House Inc. ISBN 0-345-45597-5, Pub date January 2006, Paperback
* 2006, United States of America, Random House Inc. ISBN 0-345-49102-5, Pub date January 2006, Electronic

## InfoBox

The Labyrinth Key
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Howard V. Hendrix |
| Cover artist | Stainislaw Fernandes |
| Language | English |
| Series | Tetragrammaton Series |
| Genre | Science fiction |
| Publisher | Random House, Inc. |
| Publication date | March 2004 |
| Publication place | United States |
| Media type | Print (paperback) |
| Pages | 448 (1st edition, paperback) |
| ISBN | 0-345-45596-7 (1st edition, paperback) |


abstract: The 167th (Canadien-Français) Battalion, CEF was a unit in the Canadian Expeditionary Force during the First World War. Headquartered in Quebec City, Quebec, the unit began recruiting during the winter of 1915/16. The unit never sailed for England and on January 15, 1917, became the Quebec Recruiting Depot. The 167th (Canadien-Francais) Battalion, CEF had one Officer Commanding: Lieut-Col. Onésime Readman.

text:
# 167th (Canadien-Français) Battalion, CEF

The **167th (Canadien-Français) Battalion, CEF** was a unit in the Canadian Expeditionary Force during the First World War. Headquartered in Quebec City, Quebec, the unit began recruiting during the winter of 1915/16. The unit never sailed for England and on January 15, 1917, became the **Quebec Recruiting Depot**. The 167th (Canadien-Francais) Battalion, CEF had one Officer Commanding: Lieut-Col. Onésime Readman.

* Meek, John F. *Over the Top! The Canadian Infantry in the First World War.* Orangeville, Ont.: The Author, 1971.

* "167th Battalion, 1st and 2nd Reinforcing Drafts". *Canadiana*. Canadian Research Knowledge Network. Retrieved 6 June 2024.


title: Norris Hundley

abstract: Norris Cecil Hundley, Jr. was an American academic, historian, and writer, best known for his 1992 book, The Great Thirst, which details the history of water usage in California from 1770 to the 1990s. Both as a historian and an academic, Hundley was renowned for inventing the professional history of water rights in the Western United States

text:
# Norris Hundley

**Norris Cecil Hundley, Jr.** (October 26, 1935 – April 28, 2013) was an American academic, historian, and writer, best known for his 1992 book, *The Great Thirst*, which details the history of water usage in California from 1770 to the 1990s. Both as a historian and an academic, Hundley was renowned for inventing the professional history of water rights in the Western United States

## Early life

Hundley was born on October 26, 1935, in Houston, Texas, as the eldest of six children of Norris and Helen Hundley. He attended San Gabriel Mission High School, which is where he met his wife, Carol Marie Beckquist, whom he married in 1957. After high school, Hundley attended Mount San Antonio College, which he graduated from in 1956. He then attended Whittier College, where he graduated in 1958, and later on, he received his Ph.D. in History from UCLA in 1963.

## Academic career

After receiving his Ph.D. from UCLA, Hundley taught at the University of Houston from 1963 to 1964 before returning to UCLA as a professor in 1964. Hundley retired emeritus professor of History in 1994.

Other than his work as an academic professor, Hundley contributed various scholarly articles on the West, especially pertaining to the history of water and natural resource usage. Two of his scholarly articles merited the Historical Quarterly’s Oscar A. Winther Prize, and he has been awarded grants from the Ford Foundation, the National Endowment for the Humanities, and the Guggenheim Foundation.

From 1968 to 1997 Hundley was the editor of the Pacific Historical Review, an academic journal focusing on American expansion to the American West and the Pacific. During his tenure, he was instrumental in shaping the fields of environmental science, ethnic studies, and the history of the American West and the Pacific Rim. Hundley would often be awarded for editing articles in western history or conservation history To honor his commitment to academia, the Pacific Coast Branch of the American Historical Association created "The Norris and Carol Hundley Award", which awards $750 to the "most distinguished book" written by an academic in the trans-Mississippi West and Western Canada.

Apart from his work at the PHR, Hundley served as the president of the Pacific Coast Branch of the American Historical Association from 1994 to 1995, the Chair of the UCLA Program on Mexico from 1982 to 1994, the director of the UCLA Latin American Center from 1989 to 1994 and from 1994 to 1997, and as 34th President of the Western History Association from 1994 to 1995.

## Personal life

In 1954, Norris Hundley met Carol Marie Beckquist when they were both students at San Gabriel Mission High School. They married on June 8, 1957, and raised two daughters. Hundley was Catholic.

## Death

Norris Hundley died in Montecito, California, on April 28, 2013, at the age of 77. He was survived by his wife, two daughters, six younger siblings, and six grandchildren.

## Academic works

* Dividing the Waters: A Century of Controversy between the United States and Mexico (1966, trans. Spanish, 2000)
* Water and the West: The Colorado River Compact and the Politics of Water in the American West (1975)
* The Great Thirst: Californians and Water, 1770s-1990s (1992, rev. 2001)
* California: History of a Remarkable State (4th ed.; Prentice-Hall 1982)

## InfoBox

| Norris Cecil Hundley, Jr. | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1935-10-26)October 26, 1935
Houston, Texas, USA |
| Died | April 28, 2013(2013-04-28) (aged 77)
Montecito, California, USA |
| Nationality | American |
| Spouse | Carol Marie Beckquist (1957–2013) |
| Children | * Wendy Harris * Jacqueline Reid |
|  | |
| Academic background | |
| Alma mater |  |
| Academic work | |
| Institutions |  |
|  | |


title: MV Shariatpur 1

abstract: The MV Shariatpur 1 was a double deck ferry that capsized in March 2012 after colliding with a cargo ship on Bangladesh's Meghna River, killing 147 people. First reports confirmed 30 people were dead and dozens missing after the ferry which was carrying 200 people collided with a cargo ship. The ferry capsized on the Meghna in the Munshiganj District near the Bangladeshi capital Dhaka and sank in about 70 foot (21 m) of water. The ferry had been carrying about 200 passengers, although the exact number is uncertain as the ferry was not carrying an accurate passenger list. 35 survivors were pulled from the water, a further 40 swam to shore. In total 112 bodies were recovered from the sunken ship by divers. The boat was recovered for salvage and a further 4 bodies were found floating down river. The rescue operation was called off. After 110 bodies had been recovered a further 61 people remained unaccounted for, but the final death toll was later placed at 147.

text:
# MV Shariatpur 1

The **MV *Shariatpur 1*** was a double deck ferry that capsized in March 2012 after colliding with a cargo ship on Bangladesh's Meghna River, killing 147 people.

First reports confirmed 30 people were dead and dozens missing after the ferry which was carrying 200 people collided with a cargo ship. The ferry capsized on the Meghna in the Munshiganj District near the Bangladeshi capital Dhaka and sank in about 70 foot (21 m) of water.

The ferry had been carrying about 200 passengers, although the exact number is uncertain as the ferry was not carrying an accurate passenger list. 35 survivors were pulled from the water, a further 40 swam to shore. In total 112 bodies were recovered from the sunken ship by divers. The boat was recovered for salvage and a further 4 bodies were found floating down river. The rescue operation was called off. After 110 bodies had been recovered a further 61 people remained unaccounted for, but the final death toll was later placed at 147.

## InfoBox

2012 Bangladesh ferry accident
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Munshiganj District | Bangladesh |
| Date | March 2012 |
| Passengers & Crew | ~200 |
| Fatalities | 147 |
| Boat Name | MV Shariatpur 1 |


# 1810 United States House of Representatives elections in Vermont

Vermont elected its members November 4, 1810.

| District | Incumbent | | | This race | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Representative | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates |
| Vermont 1 | Samuel Shaw | Democratic-Republican | 1808 | Incumbent re-elected. | **Samuel Shaw** (Democratic-Republican) 64.4%
Chauncey Langdon (Federalist) 33.5% |
| Vermont 2 | Jonathan H. Hubbard | Federalist | 1808 | Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
**Democratic-Republican gain**. | **William Strong** (Democratic-Republican) 53.4%
Jonathan H. Hubbard (Federalist) 42.1%
Aaron Leland (Democratic-Republican) 1.7% |
| Vermont 3 | William Chamberlain | Federalist | 1802
1805 (Lost)
1808 | Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
**Democratic-Republican gain**. | **James Fisk** (Democratic-Republican) 56.7%
William Chamberlain (Federalist) 41.3% |
| Vermont 4 | Martin Chittenden | Federalist | 1802 | Incumbent re-elected. | **Martin Chittenden** (Federalist) 50.0%
Ezra Butler (Democratic-Republican) 47.5% |

## InfoBox

1810 United States House of Representatives elections in Vermont
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| ---  All 4 Vermont seats to the United States House of Representatives | |
| Majority party Minority party   Party Democratic-Republican Federalist  Last election 1 3  Seats won 3 1  Seat change  2  2 | |


title: OR6V1

abstract: Olfactory receptor 6V1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OR6V1 gene. Olfactory receptors interact with odorant molecules in the nose, to initiate a neuronal response that triggers the perception of a smell. The olfactory receptor proteins are members of a large family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) arising from single coding-exon genes. Olfactory receptors share a 7-transmembrane domain structure with many neurotransmitter and hormone receptors and are responsible for the recognition and G protein-mediated transduction of odorant signals. The olfactory receptor gene family is the largest in the genome. The nomenclature assigned to the olfactory receptor genes and proteins for this organism is independent of other organisms.

text:
# OR6V1

**Olfactory receptor 6V1** is a protein that in humans is encoded by the *OR6V1* gene.

Olfactory receptors interact with odorant molecules in the nose, to initiate a neuronal response that triggers the perception of a smell. The olfactory receptor proteins are members of a large family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) arising from single coding-exon genes. Olfactory receptors share a 7-transmembrane domain structure with many neurotransmitter and hormone receptors and are responsible for the recognition and G protein-mediated transduction of odorant signals. The olfactory receptor gene family is the largest in the genome. The nomenclature assigned to the olfactory receptor genes and proteins for this organism is independent of other organisms.

## Further reading

*This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.*

## InfoBox

| OR6V1 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Identifiers | | | |
| Aliases | OR6V1, GPR138, olfactory receptor family 6 subfamily V member 1 | | |
| External IDs | HomoloGene: 84582; GeneCards: OR6V1; OMA:OR6V1 - orthologs | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
| Orthologs  Species **Human** **Mouse**  Entrez   Ensembl   UniProt   RefSeq (mRNA)     NM\_001001667   n/a   RefSeq (protein)     NP\_001001667   n/a   Location (UCSC) Chr 7: 143.05 – 143.05 Mb n/a  PubMed search  n/a | | | |
| Wikidata | | | |
| View/Edit Human | | | |


abstract: The South Green Historic District encompasses one of the oldest central civic parts of Ipswich, Massachusetts. The town's South Green was laid out in 1686, and is now the heart of a collection of historic properties dating from the 17th to the 19th century. The centerpiece of the district is the green itself, and its most notable associated property is the John Whipple House, a National Historic Landmark and museum. The district boundaries extend from the junction of South Main and Elm Streets, southward past the green to where County Road crosses Saltonstall's Creek. Ipswich voted to establish the South Green in 1686, after which it was used as a common grazing area, and as a training ground for the local militia. It was also the site of Ipswich's earliest school buildings, which even predated the establishment of the green as a common area. The first schoolhouse was built in the area in 1652; it was moved to the Meetinghouse Green in 1704, at which time private education continued in the area. A public school was again introduced to the South Green area in 1794, which became the English High School from 1836 to 1874. Most of the surviving structures in the district are houses. The oldest is the c. 1653 Whipple House, which was moved to the area in the 1930s. The green is flanked by buildings dating through the 19th century, in a variety of styles. The predominant styles are Georgian, Federal, and Greek Revival, although there are several later Victorian properties. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

text:
# South Green Historic District (Ipswich, Massachusetts)

The **South Green Historic District** encompasses one of the oldest central civic parts of Ipswich, Massachusetts. The town's South Green was laid out in 1686, and is now the heart of a collection of historic properties dating from the 17th to the 19th century. The centerpiece of the district is the green itself, and its most notable associated property is the John Whipple House, a National Historic Landmark and museum. The district boundaries extend from the junction of South Main and Elm Streets, southward past the green to where County Road (Massachusetts Route 1A) crosses Saltonstall's Creek.

Ipswich voted to establish the South Green in 1686, after which it was used as a common grazing area, and as a training ground for the local militia. It was also the site of Ipswich's earliest school buildings, which even predated the establishment of the green as a common area. The first schoolhouse was built in the area in 1652; it was moved to the Meetinghouse Green in 1704, at which time private education continued in the area. A public school was again introduced to the South Green area in 1794, which became the English High School from 1836 to 1874.

Most of the surviving structures in the district are houses. The oldest is the c. 1653 Whipple House, which was moved to the area in the 1930s. The green is flanked by buildings dating through the 19th century, in a variety of styles. The predominant styles are Georgian, Federal, and Greek Revival, although there are several later Victorian properties. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| South Green Historic District | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| U.S. Historic district | |
|  | |
| John Whipple House, ca. 1670s | |
|  | |
| Location | Ipswich, Massachusetts |
| Coordinates | 42°40′32″N 70°50′13″W / 42.67556°N 70.83694°W / 42.67556; -70.83694 |
| Architect | Multiple |
| Architectural style | Second Empire |
| MPS | Central Village, Ipswich, Massachusetts MRA |
| NRHP reference No. | 80000471 |
| Added to NRHP | September 17, 1980 |


title: The Joker Went Wild

abstract: "The Joker Went Wild" is a song written by Bobby Russell and performed by Brian Hyland. In 1966, the track reached #20 on the Billboard Hot 100. It was featured on his 1966 album, The Joker Went Wild Run Run Look and See.

text:
# The Joker Went Wild

"**The Joker Went Wild**" is a song written by Bobby Russell and performed by Brian Hyland. In 1966, the track reached #20 on the *Billboard* Hot 100.

It was featured on his 1966 album, *The Joker Went Wild Run Run Look and See*.

## InfoBox

| "The Joker Went Wild" | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by Brian Hyland | |
| from the album  *The Joker Went Wild Run Run Look and See* | |
| B-side | "I Can Hear the Rain" |
| Released | June 1966 |
| Genre | Pop |
| Length | 2:39 |
| Label | Philips
40377 |
| Songwriter(s) | Bobby Russell |
| Producer(s) | Snuff Garrett, Leon Russell |
| Brian Hyland singles chronology | |
| "3000 Miles"
(February 1966) "**The Joker Went Wild**"
(1966) "Run, Run, Look and See"
(October 1966) | |


title: Norris J. Lacy

abstract: Norris J. Lacy is an American scholar focusing on French medieval literature. He was the Edwin Erle Sparks Professor Emeritus of French and Medieval Studies at the Pennsylvania State University until his retirement in 2012, a position he had held since 1998. He is a leading expert on the Arthurian legend and has written and edited numerous books, papers, and articles on the topic. In 2014 the International Arthurian Society, North American Branch, presented him an award for Lifetime Service to Arthurian Studies. He received his Ph.D. from Indiana University and has held teaching positions at the University of Kansas, the University of California, Los Angeles, and Washington University in St. Louis. He has served as president of the International Arthurian Society. With Geoffrey Ashe he wrote The Arthurian Handbook, and he edited The Arthurian Encyclopedia and its successor, The New Arthurian Encyclopedia, a standard reference book for Arthurian works. He also oversaw the first complete English translation of the French Vulgate and Post-Vulgate Cycles, released as the five-volume Lancelot-Grail: The Old French Arthurian Vulgate and Post-Vulgate in Translation. He was knighted in France's Ordre des Palmes académiques, first as a Chevalier in 1988, and subsequently elevated to the rank of Officier in 2003.

text:
# Norris J. Lacy

**Norris J. Lacy** (born March 8, 1940, in Hopkinsville, Kentucky) is an American scholar focusing on French medieval literature. He was the Edwin Erle Sparks Professor Emeritus of French and Medieval Studies at the Pennsylvania State University until his retirement in 2012, a position he had held since 1998. He is a leading expert on the Arthurian legend and has written and edited numerous books, papers, and articles on the topic. In 2014 the International Arthurian Society, North American Branch, presented him an award for Lifetime Service to Arthurian Studies.

He received his Ph.D. from Indiana University and has held teaching positions at the University of Kansas, the University of California, Los Angeles, and Washington University in St. Louis. He has served as president of the International Arthurian Society. With Geoffrey Ashe he wrote *The Arthurian Handbook*, and he edited *The Arthurian Encyclopedia* and its successor, *The New Arthurian Encyclopedia*, a standard reference book for Arthurian works. He also oversaw the first complete English translation of the French Vulgate and Post-Vulgate Cycles, released as the five-volume (alternatively ten-volume) *Lancelot-Grail: The Old French Arthurian Vulgate and Post-Vulgate in Translation*.

He was knighted in France's Ordre des Palmes académiques, first as a Chevalier in 1988, and subsequently elevated to the rank of Officier in 2003.

The first full English translations of the Vulgate and Post-Vulgate Cycles were overseen by Norris J. Lacy. Volumes 1–4 contain the Vulgate Cycle proper.


title: Ma Gastronomie

abstract: Ma Gastronomie is a modern French cuisine cookbook created from the notes of legendary French chef, Fernand Point. It was first published in French in 1969, 200 recipes are included based on Fernand Point notes and handwritten recipes. The book has detailed sections on Fernand Point, La Pyramide, his cuisine, wines, spirit etc.

text:
# Ma Gastronomie

***Ma Gastronomie*** is a modern French cuisine cookbook created from the notes of legendary French chef, Fernand Point. It was first published in French in 1969, 200 recipes are included based on Fernand Point notes and handwritten recipes.

The book has detailed sections on Fernand Point, La Pyramide (the restaurant), his cuisine, wines, spirit etc.

## English edition

The first English edition of the book was published in 1974. In its second English edition published in 2008 by Rookery publishers, the foreword is done by the noted American chef of The French Laundry restaurant, Thomas Keller. He has cited Point's work as being very significant to his training in his introduction to Ma Gastronomie.

## Reviews

The World-famous chef Charlie Trotter described Point's *Ma Gastronomie* as the most important cookbook:

> If someone were to take away all my cookbooks except for one, I would keep Fernand Point’s *Ma Gastronomie*. For me, his philosophy instilled what cuisine is all about: generosity and hugeness of heart. Point said that if you are not a generous person you cannot be in this field. I think you’ll notice that chefs, as a whole, say yes to any project, fundraiser, or tasting because they have such a generous spirit.

## InfoBox

Ma Gastronomie
| First edition (French) | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Fernand Point |
| Language | French |
| Subject | Culinary Arts |
| Genre | non-fiction |
| Publisher | Overlook/Rookery (October 30, 2008)<br>Xs books |
| Publication date | 1969 |
| Publication place | France |
| Media type | book |
| Pages | 240 |
| ISBN | 1585679615 |


abstract: The 14th Annual Interactive Achievement Awards was the 14th edition of the Interactive Achievement Awards, an annual awards event that honored the best games in the video game industry during 2010. The awards were arranged by the Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences (AIAS) and were held at the Red Rock Casino, Resort & Spa in Las Vegas, Nevada on February 11, 2011. It was also held as part of the Academy's 2011 D.I.C.E. Summit, and was hosted by stand-up comedian Jay Mohr. The craft award for "Outstanding Achievement in Game Design" was not offered this year along with the award for "Portable Game Design". Only one award for "Outstanding Achievement in Story" would be offered instead of having separate awards for "Original Story" and "Adapted Story". While "Downloadable Game of the Year" was not listed on the rules & procedures, it was featured on the submission form, but there weren't any finalists named for it. Mass Effect 2 won "Game of the Year", while Red Dead Redemption received the most nominations and won the most awards. Microsoft Game Studios had the most nominations and tied with Electronic Arts and Sony Computer Entertainment for having the most nominated games. The three companies also tied Rockstar San Diego for winning the most awards, with Electronic Arts and Sony having the most award-winning games. God of War had two award-winning titles during this ceremony, with God of War III winning "Outstanding Achievement in Animation", and God of War: Ghost of Sparta winning "Portable Game of the Year". BioWare co-founders Ray Muzyka & Greg Zeschuk were inducted into the Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences Hall of Fame. Bing Gordon, former Chief Creative Officer of Electronic Arts, received the "Lifetime Achievement Award". Bill Budge, a game designer for the Apple II, received the "Pioneer Award".

text:
# 14th Annual Interactive Achievement Awards

The ***14th Annual Interactive Achievement Awards*** was the 14th edition of the Interactive Achievement Awards, an annual awards event that honored the best games in the video game industry during 2010. The awards were arranged by the Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences (AIAS) and were held at the Red Rock Casino, Resort & Spa in Las Vegas, Nevada on February 11, 2011. It was also held as part of the Academy's 2011 D.I.C.E. Summit, and was hosted by stand-up comedian Jay Mohr.

The craft award for "Outstanding Achievement in Game Design" was not offered this year along with the award for "Portable Game Design". Only one award for "Outstanding Achievement in Story" would be offered instead of having separate awards for "Original Story" and "Adapted Story". While "Downloadable Game of the Year" was not listed on the rules & procedures, it was featured on the submission form, but there weren't any finalists named for it.

*Mass Effect 2* won "Game of the Year", while *Red Dead Redemption* received the most nominations and won the most awards. Microsoft Game Studios had the most nominations and tied with Electronic Arts and Sony Computer Entertainment for having the most nominated games. The three companies also tied Rockstar San Diego for winning the most awards, with Electronic Arts and Sony having the most award-winning games. *God of War* had two award-winning titles during this ceremony, with *God of War III* winning "Outstanding Achievement in Animation", and *God of War: Ghost of Sparta* winning "Portable Game of the Year".

BioWare co-founders Ray Muzyka & Greg Zeschuk were inducted into the Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences Hall of Fame. Bing Gordon, former Chief Creative Officer of Electronic Arts, received the "Lifetime Achievement Award". Bill Budge, a game designer for the Apple II, received the "Pioneer Award".

## Winners and Nominees

Winners are listed first, highlighted in **boldface**, and indicated with a double dagger ().

### Game of the Year Awards

### Craft Awards

### Genre Awards

### Special Awards

#### Hall of Fame

#### Lifetime Achievement

#### Pioneer

### Multiple nominations and awards

#### Multiple Nominations

Games that received multiple nominations
| Nominations | Game |
| --- | --- |
| 9 | *Red Dead Redemption* |
| 6 | *Enslaved: Odyssey to the West* |
| | *God of War III* |
| 5 | *Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood* |
| | *Call of Duty: Black Ops* |
| | *Heavy Rain* |
| | *Mass Effect 2* |
| 4 | *Dance Central* |
| | *Limbo* |
| | *StarCraft II: Wings of Liberty* |
| 3 | *Alan Wake* |
| | *Angry Birds HD* |
| | *Battlefield: Bad Company 2* |
| | *Kirby's Epic Yarn* |
| 2 | *Dragon Quest IX: Sentinels of the Starry Skies* |
| | *Fable III* |
| | *Gran Turismo 5* |
| | *Halo: Reach* |
| | *Medal of Honor* |
| | *Metro 2033* |
| | *Rock Band 3* |
| | *World of Warcraft: Cataclysm* |

Nominations by company
| Nominations | Games | Company |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 18 | 7 | Microsoft Game Studios |
| 17 | | Sony Computer Entertainment |
| 14 | | Electronic Arts |
| 9 | 1 | Rockstar San Diego |
| 7 | 4 | Nintendo |
| | 2 | Namco Bandai Games |
| 6 | 2 | Activision |
| | | Blizzard Entertainment |
| | | Harmonix |
| | | MTV Games |
| | | Ubisoft Montreal |
| | 1 | Ninja Theory |
| 5 | 2 | DICE |
| | 1 | BioWare |
| | Quantic Dream |
| | Treyarch |
| 4 | 3 | THQ |
| | 1 | Playdead |
| 3 | 2 | Level-5 |
| | | Square Enix |
| | 1 | Chillingo |
| | Good-Feel |
| | Remedy Entertainment |
| | Rovio Entertainment |
| 2 | 2 | 2K Games |
| | | PopCap Games |
| | | Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment |
| | | Zynga |
| | 1 | 4A Games |
| | Bungie |
| | Danger Close Games |
| | Lionhead Studios |
| | Polyphony Digital |

#### Multiple awards

Games that received multiple awards
| Awards | Game |
| --- | --- |
| 5 | *Red Dead Redemption* |
| 3 | *Heavy Rain* |
| | *Mass Effect 2* |
| 2 | *Limbo* |
| | *StarCraft II: Wings of Liberty* |

Awards by company
| Awards | Games | Company |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 5 | 3 | Electronic Arts |
| | | Sony Computer Entertainment |
| | 2 | Microsoft Game Studios |
| | 1 | Rockstar San Diego |
| | 3 | BioWare |
| | Quantic Dream |
| | 2 | Blizzard Entertainment |
| | Harmonix |
| | MTV Games |
| | Playdead |

1. "Mass Effect 2 hits DICE jackpot". *GameSpot*. GameSpot. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
2. "14th Annual Interactive Achievement Awards Rules and Procedures" (PDF). *Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences*. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 10, 2012. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
3. "2011 Interactive Achievement Awards Nomination Form" (PDF). *Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences*. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 10, 2012. Retrieved 5 February 2024.
4. "14th Annual Interactive Achievement Awards Finalists" (PDF). *Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences*. Retrieved 5 February 2024.
5. "Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences Special Awards". *Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences*. Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences. Retrieved 11 June 2022.
6. Sinclair, Brendan (January 20, 2011). "Red Dead Redemption, Enslaved, God of War lead IAA nominees". *GameSpot*. Archived from the original on 25 September 2022. Retrieved 16 October 2022.
7. "Mass Effect 2 Takes 14th Annual Interactive Achievement Awards' Game of the Year". *IGN*. February 11, 2011. Archived from the original on 31 January 2023. Retrieved 16 October 2022.

## InfoBox

| 14th Annual Interactive Achievement Awards | |
| --- | --- |
| Date | February 11, 2011 (2011-02-11) |
| Venue | Red Rock Casino, Resort & Spa |
| Country | Las Vegas, Nevada, USA |
| Hosted by | Jay Mohr |
| Highlights | |
| Most awards | *Red Dead Redemption* (5) |
| Most nominations | *Red Dead Redemption* (9) |
| Game of the Year | *Mass Effect 2* |
| Hall of Fame | Ray Muzyka & Greg Zeschuk |
| Lifetime Achievement | Bing Gordon |
| Pioneer | Bill Budge |
|


title: ORP Błyskawica

abstract: ORP Błyskawica is a Grom-class destroyer which served in the Polish Navy during World War II. She is the only Polish Navy ship to have been decorated with the Virtuti Militari, Poland's highest military order for gallantry, and in 2012 was given the Pro Memoria Medal. Błyskawica is preserved as a museum ship in Gdynia and is the oldest preserved destroyer in the world. Błyskawica is moored next to the Dar Pomorza. She was the second of the two Grom (Thunderbolt)-class destroyers built for the Polish Navy by J. Samuel White, of Cowes, in 1935–37. The Grom class were two of the most heavily armed and fastest destroyers in World War II.

text:
# ORP Błyskawica

**ORP *Błyskawica*** (Polish for Lightning) is a *Grom*-class destroyer which served in the Polish Navy during World War II. She is the only Polish Navy ship to have been decorated with the *Virtuti Militari*, Poland's highest military order for gallantry, and in 2012 was given the Pro Memoria Medal. *Błyskawica* is preserved as a museum ship in Gdynia and is the oldest preserved destroyer in the world. *Błyskawica* is moored next to the *Dar Pomorza*.

She was the second of the two *Grom* (Thunderbolt)-class destroyers built for the Polish Navy by J. Samuel White, of Cowes, in 1935–37. The *Grom* class were two of the most heavily armed and fastest destroyers in World War II.

## Construction and design

In 1934 the British shipbuilder J. Samuel White won a competition to design and build large destroyers for the Polish Navy, beating a proposal from fellow British shipbuilder Swan Hunter. (A design by the French shipyard Ateliers et Chantiers de la Loire had been rejected in 1933). An order for two destroyers of the *Grom* class was placed on 29 March 1935.

At the turn of the 1920s and 1930s, the Naval Directorate (KMW) made efforts to acquire other destroyers after the *Wicher* and *Burza*. The 1932 Danzig crisis led to a navalist turn in Poland, and Poland's de facto leader, Marshal Józef Piłsudski, became more willing to allocate funds for the navy. On November 24, 1932, the head of the KMW Rear Admiral Jerzy Świrski obtained, after a personal conversation with Marshal Piłsudski, his oral consent to expand the existing fleet. As a result, in May 1933, a tender for the supply of two destroyers was issued among the French shipyards, and after its fiasco, the next in January 1934 among the Swedish shipyards, also failed in disagreement. During this time, tactical and technical assumptions for the planned ships crystallized, including, among others, the use of 120 mm Bofors guns as their primary armament.

When they were built, the *Grom*s were amongst the fastest and most heavily armed destroyers to be built. *Błyskawica* was 114 metres (374 ft 0 in) long overall and 109 metres (357 ft 7 in) between perpendiculars, with a beam of 11.3 metres (37 ft 1 in) and a draught of 3.1 metres (10 ft 2 in). Displacement was 2,011 long tons (2,043 t) standard and 2,520 long tons (2,560 t) full load. Three 3-drum boilers fed steam to two sets of geared steam turbines which were rated at 54,500 shaft horsepower (40,600 kW), driving two propeller shafts to give a design speed of 39 knots (72 km/h; 45 mph). Main gun armament consisted of seven 120 mm (4.7 in) guns (50 calibre M34/36 guns supplied by Bofors of Sweden) in three twin and one single mounts, with an anti-aircraft armament of two twin Bofors 40 mm guns and eight 13.2 mm machine guns. Six 550 mm (22 in) torpedo tubes were carried, compatible with the French torpedoes used by the preceding *Wicher*-class destroyers. Anti-submarine armament consisted of two depth charge chutes with 40 depth charges, while rails were fitted to permit up to 44 mines to be carried. The ship's complement consisted of 180 officers and men.

*Błyskawica*, the second of the two destroyers, was laid down on 1 October 1935 at J. Samuel White's Cowes, Isle of Wight shipyard, and was launched on 1 October 1936. Sea trials were successful, with the ship exceeding the design speed of 39 knots. *Błyskawica* was commissioned on 1 October 1937.

### Modifications

When *Błyskawica* and *Grom* arrived in the United Kingdom in September 1939, it was found that the ships, designed for operations in the sheltered Baltic, were top-heavy for operations in the rougher North Atlantic, so the ships were modified to reduce the centre of gravity. A searchlight tower on top of the ship's bridge was removed, as was a deck house aft carrying a second searchlight, and the distinctive funnel cap. In addition, the aft set of torpedo tubes was removed to allow fitting of a 76 mm (3 in) anti-aircraft gun. In December 1941, *Błyskawica* was rearmed, with the 120 mm guns for which ammunition was not available replaced by four twin 102 mm (4 in) Mk XVI dual-purpose guns. The 13.2 mm machine guns were replaced by four Oerlikon 20 mm cannon and the second set of torpedo tubes were reinstated.

## Operational history

Two days before the war, on 30 August 1939, *Błyskawica* withdrew, along with the destroyers *Grom* and *Burza*, from the Baltic Sea to Britain in accordance with the Peking Plan to avoid open conflict with Germany and possible destruction. The three destroyers were sighted by German warships, including the cruiser *Königsberg* on 30 and 31 August, but hostilities had not yet started, and the Polish destroyers passed by unhindered, reaching Leith in Scotland at 17:30 on 1 September 1939. From then on they acted in tandem with the Royal Navy's Home Fleet. On 7 September 1939, *Błyskawica* made contact with and attacked an U-boat.

In early May 1940, *Błyskawica* took part in the Norwegian Campaign, shelling German positions and downing two Luftwaffe aircraft. Her sister ship *Grom* was bombed and sunk during the campaign. Later that month, she took part in covering Operation Dynamo, the successful British led evacuation from Dunkirk.

During the rest of the war, *Błyskawica* took part in convoy and patrol duties, engaging both U-boats and the Luftwaffe in the Atlantic and Mediterranean. On 1 September 1940, for example, she rescued the sole survivor from the torpedoed merchant ship *Har Zion*. In 1941 her 120 mm guns were replaced with British 102 mm (4 in) dual-purpose guns. The ship was also given escort duties for troop transports, notably RMS *Queen Mary*, being one of the few ships that could keep up with the liner.

On the night of 4–5 May 1942, *Błyskawica* helped to defend the Isle of Wight town of East Cowes from an air raid by 160 German bombers. The ship was undergoing an emergency refit at the J. Samuel White yard where she had been built and, on the night of the raid, fired repeated rounds at the German bombers from outside the harbour; her guns became so hot they had to be doused with water from the River Medina. Extra ammunition had to be ferried over from Portsmouth. This forced the bombers to stay high, making it difficult for them to target properly. The ship also laid down a smokescreen hiding Cowes from sight. The town and the shipyard were badly damaged, but it is generally considered that without this defensive action, it would have been far worse. In 2002 the crew's courage was honoured by a local commemoration lasting several days to mark the 60th anniversary of the event. In 2004 an area of Cowes was named Francki Place in honour of the ship's commander. The Isle of Wight Council approved the idea of having *Błyskawica* return to Cowes in 2012 to celebrate the 70th anniversary of the event and the 75th anniversary of the ship's commissioning. There were large celebrations commemorating the 70th anniversary of Cowes's defence in 2012 lasting several days and attended by Polish warship ORP *Toruń*. Another large event to commemorate *Błyskawica*'s 75th anniversary was organised by Friends of the ORP Błyskawica Society in May 2017, the Polish Navy minelayer ORP *Gniezno* arrived at the port to take part in the celebrations.

In March 1943 *Błyskawica* replaced HMS *Lightning*, which was sunk by E-boats on 12 March 1943, in Cruiser Force Q based at Bône, North Africa. In January 1944, the *Błyskawica* was assigned to the Anglo-Polish-Canadian 10th Destroyer Flotilla that battled the *Kriegsmarine* for the control of the English Channel. The Canadian sailors could not pronounce the name of the *Błyskawica* correctly and always called her the "bottle of whiskey". On 8 June 1944, the *Błyskawica* took part in the Battle of Ushant against *Kriegsmarine* destroyers.

During the war, she logged 146,000 nautical miles (270,000 km) and escorted 83 convoys. In combat, she damaged three U-boats, helped sink other ships, and shot down at least four aircraft. In late 1945 and early 1946 *Błyskawica*, along with the destroyer *Onslow*, took part in Operation Deadlight, the scuttling of over 100 German U-boats.

In the spring of 1947, *Błyskawica* was transferred to the new Polish government, but it was not until 1 July 1947 that she sailed out of Rosyth under the Polish People's Navy flag. A few days later on July 4, *Błyskawica* docked in Gdynia.

In the first few years of its return to Poland, *Błyskawica* was used as a training ship and cruised with officer cadets on board. In 1951 *Błyskawica* visited Leningrad.

In 1951-52 *Błyskawica* was modernized. The ship's British 4-inch gun barrels were replaced by Soviet B-34 100 mm gun barrels in the same mountings to allow Soviet ammunition to be used, while Soviet 37 mm AA guns in four twin and two single mountings replaced the old 40 mm and 20 mm mountings. A single Soviet triple 533.4 mm torpedo tube mount replaced the British mount. Soviet radar was added, including a Soviet copy of the British type 291 radar set.

In September 1955, ORP *Błyskawica* along with ORP *Burza* paid a courtesy visit to Portsmouth, England. In July 1957, *Błyskawica*, along with two Kronshtadt-class submarine chasers visited Stockholm, Sweden. During this visit, two Polish sailors jumped ship and asked for political asylum in Sweden.

*Błyskawica* underwent a second modernization in late 1957–1960 to address issues with her propulsion system as well as radio and electronic equipment and updated radar. At the same time, her Soviet B-34 100 mm main guns were replaced with upgraded B-34 U 100mm guns.

ORP *Błyskawica* continued to make courtesy visits to foreign ports in the decade of the 60s. She made a visit to Helsinki, Finland in 1961, followed by a visit to Greenwich, England in 1962. In September 1963, *Błyskawica* made a port call to Copenhagen, Denmark. The ship also visited Chatham, England in 1964 and Narvik, Norway in 1965.

On August 9, 1967, destroyer *Błyskawica* had a tragic accident at sea while on an exercise. A high-pressure steam pipe ruptured in one of her boiler rooms, killing seven sailors. After this accident, *Błyskawica* remained immobilized and it was decided she would not undergo repairs. Instead, she was reclassified as an anti-aircraft defence ship for the port of Świnoujście in June 1969.

In May 1976 she became a museum ship, part of the Naval Museum in Gdynia – replacing the other WW2 veteran, the ageing ORP *Burza*.

In July 2006 the preserved Canadian destroyer HMCS *Haida* was "twinned" with *Błyskawica* in a ceremony in Gdynia, Poland. Both ships served in the 10th Destroyer Flotilla during the Second World War. The ceremony was attended by former crew members of both ships and the general public. The ship was visited in 2009 by Prince Charles, Prince of Wales (now King Charles III), and his wife, Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall (now Queen Camilla), and on 29 June 2010, at Government House in Nova Scotia, Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, presented to representatives of HMCS *Haida* the World Ship Trust Certificate.

### Citations

### Sources

* Friedman, Norman (2009). *British Destroyers: From Earliest Days to the Second World War*. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84832-049-9.
* Gardiner, Robert; Chesneau, Roger, eds. (1980). *Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946*. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-146-7.
* Gardiner, Robert; Chumbley, Stephen, eds. (1995). *Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995*. Annapolis, Maryland, USA: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-132-7.
* Kolesnik, Eugene (1977). "Thunder and Lightning: The Polish Destroyers Blyskawica and Grom". *Warship*. **1** (4): 2–11. ISBN 0-85177-132-7.
* Rohwer, Jürgen; Hümmelchen, Gerhard (1992). *Chronology of the War at Sea 1939–1945*. London: Greenhill Books. ISBN 1-85367-117-7.
* Whitley, M.J. (2000). *Destroyers of World War Two: An International Encyclopedia*. London: Cassell & Co. ISBN 1-85409-521-8.
* Komorowski, A.; Wojcik, A. (2003). "The heroic destroyer and "lucky" ship O.R.P. "Blyskawica"". *Transactions on the Built Environment*. **65**: 141–151. ISSN 1743-3509.

54°31.171′N 18°33.071′E / 54.519517°N 18.551183°E / 54.519517; 18.551183

## InfoBox

| ORP *Błyskawica*, modern view | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| Poland | |
| Name | ORP *Błyskawica* |
| Builder | J. Samuel White, East Cowes |
| Laid down | September 1935 |
| Launched | 1 October 1936 |
| Commissioned | 25 November 1937 |
| Decommissioned | 1 May 1976 |
| Honours and<br>awards |  |
| Status | Museum ship |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | *Grom*-class destroyer |
| Displacement | * 2,011 long tons (2,043 t) standard * 2,520 long tons (2,560 t) full |
| Length | 114 m (374 ft 0 in) |
| Beam | 11.3 m (37 ft 1 in) |
| Draft | 3.3 m (10 ft 10 in) |
| Speed | 39 knots (72 km/h; 45 mph) |
| Complement | 192 |
| Armament |  |