title: On the Spot (Canadian TV series)

abstract: On the Spot was the first television series made specifically for TV by the National Film Board of Canada, and aired on CBC Television from 1953 to 1955. Each episode reported on a different aspect of life in Canada and was introduced with the line "The National Film Board’s up-to-the-minute report of what’s happening somewhere in Canada”. The series was originated by Bernard Devlin, with Robert Anderson as executive producer. The series debuted on October 6, 1953, at 7:45 pm and ran until June 30, 1955, for a total of 66 episodes. Episodes were from 13 to 30 minutes, with the CBC running one or two in one time slot. The series changed time slots frequently, playing as late as 11:45 pm on Monday nights before going to Sundays at 4:30 pm. The second season aired on Sundays at 10 pm. Cancelled after the 15th episode of the third season, On the Spot was replaced by Perspective, a 30-minute show that mixed documentary reports and dramatizations on contemporary Canadian issues. Episodes included Survival in the Bush, with producer Robert Anderson, acting as host, apparently dropped off in northern Quebec armed with just an axe; The Dresden Story, looking at racism in a small Ontario town, where the town's white and black populations insisted on being filmed separately; and Artist in Montreal, written and directed by Jean Palardy, looking at the Automatistes movement. Transpacific Flight involved an account of a flight across the Pacific Ocean in 1953, based on first-person interviews of the flight crew by Fred Davis. Another aviation-themed episode was Radar Station (1953). The documentary involved an account of a visit to a radar station while it was involved in a simulated air attack and was based on first-person interviews, by RCAF Squadron Leader Bill Lee, of the station's staff. One episode that was cancelled was Backstage at Parliament, on the workings of the Canadian Parliament, with a mock session with actual members of Parliament. When the film was shown to the Prime Minister's Office, there were complaints about showing a session of Parliament without including the PM and the NFB was forced to shelve the episode. The episode Alcoholism won the Frigon Trophy for Best Canadian Television Programme on Film at the 1957 Gala Radiomonde et Télémonde.

text:
# On the Spot (Canadian TV series)

***On the Spot*** was the first television series made specifically for TV by the National Film Board of Canada, and aired on CBC Television from 1953 to 1955. Each episode reported on a different aspect of life in Canada and was introduced with the line "The National Film Board’s up-to-the-minute report of what’s happening somewhere in Canada”. The series was originated by Bernard Devlin, with Robert Anderson as executive producer.

The series debuted on October 6, 1953, at 7:45 pm and ran until June 30, 1955, for a total of 66 episodes. Episodes were from 13 to 30 minutes, with the CBC running one or two in one time slot. The series changed time slots frequently, playing as late as 11:45 pm on Monday nights before going to Sundays at 4:30 pm. The second season aired on Sundays at 10 pm. Cancelled after the 15th episode of the third season, *On the Spot* was replaced by *Perspective*, a 30-minute show that mixed documentary reports and dramatizations on contemporary Canadian issues.

Episodes included *Survival in the Bush*, with producer Robert Anderson, acting as host, apparently dropped off in northern Quebec armed with just an axe; *The Dresden Story*, looking at racism in a small Ontario town, where the town's white and black populations insisted on being filmed separately; and *Artist in Montreal,* written and directed by Jean Palardy, looking at the Automatistes movement.

*Transpacific Flight* involved an account of a flight across the Pacific Ocean in 1953, based on first-person interviews of the flight crew by Fred Davis. Another aviation-themed episode was *Radar Station* (1953). The documentary involved an account of a visit to a radar station while it was involved in a simulated air attack and was based on first-person interviews, by RCAF Squadron Leader Bill Lee, of the station's staff.

One episode that was cancelled was *Backstage at Parliament*, on the workings of the Canadian Parliament, with a mock session with actual members of Parliament. When the film was shown to the Prime Minister's Office, there were complaints about showing a session of Parliament without including the PM and the NFB was forced to shelve the episode.

The episode *Alcoholism* won the Frigon Trophy for Best Canadian Television Programme on Film at the 1957 Gala Radiomonde et Télémonde.

## *Regards sur le Canada*

Three *On the Spot* episodes were produced in French: *Alcoholism* (*L'alcoolisme, est-ce une maladie?*), *Artists in Montreal* (*Artiste à Montréal*) and *Better Business Bureau*. Devlin and Anderson then produced a French series for Quebec, *Regards sur le Canada*. Thirty-nine 30-minute episodes of *Regards sur le Canada* aired on Radio-Canada from late 1953 through 1955. It was not new programming; this series was a combination of previously-released, market-appropriate documentaries and episodes of *Eye Witness*.

## Episodes

(Air dates are unavailable)

### 1953

| Title | Director | Producer | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *The Winnipeg Story* | Bernard Devlin | Bernard Devlin | 14:34 min. |
| *Winnipeg Ballet* | Bernard Devlin | Bernard Devlin | 15 min. |
| *Oil* | Bernard Devlin | Bernard Devlin | 15 min. |
| *Transpacific Flight* | Bernard Devlin | Bernard Devlin | 15 min. |
| *It's Raining Soldiers!* | Bernard Devlin | Bernard Devlin | 15 min. |
| *Football Story* | Bernard Devlin | Bernard Devlin | 15 min. |
| *Hotel Story* | Bernard Devlin | Bernard Devlin | 13 min. |
| *The Zoo in Stanley Park* | Bernard Devlin | Bernard Devlin | 14:47 min. |
| *The Mounties' Crime Lab* | Bernard Devlin | Bernard Devlin | 15 min. |
| *Saskatchewan Farm Museum* | Bernard Devlin | Bernard Devlin | 15 min. |
| *Radar Station* | Allen Stark | Allen Stark | 15 min. |

### 1954

| Title | Director | Producer | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *School for Charm* | Bernard Devlin | Allen Stark | 30 min. |
| *Dresden Story* | Julian Biggs | Grant McLean
Julian Biggs
Gordon Burwash | 30 min. |
| *Story of a Newspaper* | Julian Biggs | Bernard Devlin | 14:12 min. |
| *Laurentian Skiing* | Allen Stark | Bernard Devlin | 15 min. |
| *Test Pilot* | Allen Stark | Bernard Devlin | 15 min. |
| *The Strong Man* | Bernard Devlin | Bernard Devlin | 15 min. |
| *Threshermen’s Reunion* | Rollo Gamble | Robert Anderson | 30 min. |
| *Survival in the Bush* | Bernard Devlin | Robert Anderson | 30 min. |
| *The Traffic Cop* | Jack Olsen | Bernard Devlin | 15 min. |
| *Javanese Dancing* | Bernard Devlin | Julian Biggs | 15 min. |
| *On Leave in Tokyo* | Bernard Devlin | Bernard Devlin | 15 min. |
| *Police Club for Boys* | Allen Stark | Bernard Devlin | 15 min. |
| *Artist in Montreal* | Jean Palardy | Robert Anderson | 30 min. |
| *Hidden Power* | John Feeney | Allen Stark | 30 min. |
| *Movies in the Mill* | Allen Stark | Bernard Devlin | 15 min. |
| *Judo - Jinks* | Bernard Devlin | Bernard Devlin | 15 min. |
| *Chinese Canadians* | Allen Stark | Robert Anderson | 30 min. |
| *Food and Drug Patrol* | Allen Stark | Allen Stark | 30 min. |
| *Korea, After the War* | Bernard Devlin | Bernard Devlin | 15 min. |
| *Aviation Medicine* | Julian Biggs | Bernard Devlin | 15 min. |
| *End of Tour* | Bernard Devlin | Bernard Devlin | 15 min. |
| *Auto Production* | John Spotton | Allen Stark | 15 min. |
| *Chosen Children* | Bernard Devlin | Bernard Devlin | 15 min. |
| *Workshop for Science* | Gordon Burwash
Grant McLean | Gordon Burwash
Grant McLean | 30 min. |
| *Better Business Bureau* | Bernard Devlin | Bernard Devlin | 15 min. |
| *Camera Men* | Allen Stark | Bernard Devlin | 15 min. |
| *The Magnificent* | Julian Biggs | Robert Anderson | 30 min. |
| *How to Climb a Mountain* | Walford Hewitson | Robert Anderson | 30 min. |
| *The Doll Factory* | Julian Biggs | Bernard Devlin | 15 min. |
| *Deep Sleep* | Jack Olsen | Bernard Devlin | 15 min. |
| *The Car Mart* | Walford Hewitson | Bernard Devlin | 15 min. |
| *Cancer Clinic* | Allen Stark | Bernard Devlin | 15 min. |
| *Bureau of Missing Persons* | Bernard Devlin | Allen Stark | 30 min. |
| *Curtain Time in Ottawa* | Bernard Devlin | Bernard Devlin | 14:21 min. |
| *Harness Racing* | Bernard Devlin | Bernard Devlin | 15 min. |
| *French Cuisine* | Bernard Devlin | Bernard Devlin | 15 min. |
| *The Magic Men* | Jack Olsen | Bernard Devlin | 15 min. |
| *Micro Movies* | Bernard Devlin | Bernard Devlin | 15 min. |
| *Montreal Fire Department* | Allen Stark | Allen Stark | 15 min. |
| *Vancouver's Chinatown* | Bernard Devlin | Bernard Devlin | 15 min. |

### 1955

| Title | Director | Producer | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *Christmas Comes Twice* | Gordon Burwash
Grant McLean | Gordon Burwash
Grant McLean | 30 min. |
| *Routine Flight* | Gordon Burwash
Grant McLean | Gordon Burwash
Grant McLean | 30 min. |
| *Trends in Textiles* | Rollo Gamble | Allen Stark | 30 min. |
| *Vertical Flight* | Grant McLean | Grant McLean | 30 min. |
| *Two Countries, One Street* | Jean Palardy | Robert Anderson | 30 min. |
| *Maritime Montage* | Julian Biggs
Rollo Gamble | Robert Anderson | 30 min. |
| *Lunenburg - Home of the Bluenose* | Ernest Reid | Robert Anderson | 30 min. |
| *Gold Rush Land* | Allen Stark | Robert Anderson | 30 min. |
| *Food Facts* | John Feeney | Allen Stark | 30 min. |
| *Prairie University* | John Feeney | Robert Anderson | 30 min. |
| *Forest Wardens* | Allen Stark | Allen Stark | 30 min. |
| *Backstage at Parliament* | Don Haldane | Allen Stark | 30 min. |
| *Child Guidance Clinic* | Don Haldane | Allen Stark | 30 min. |
| *Alcoholism* | Don Haldane | Allen Stark | 30 min. |
| *Career College* | Rollo Gamble | Allen Stark | 30 min. |

## InfoBox

| *On the Spot* | |
| --- | --- |
| Created by | Bernard Devlin |
| Presented by | Fred Davis
Robert Anderson
Lloyd Bochner
Austin Willis |
| Country of origin | Canada |
| No. of seasons | 3 |
| No. of episodes | 66 |
| Production | |
| Executive producer | Robert Anderson |
| Running time | 13-30 minutes |
| Production company | National Film Board of Canada |
| Original release | |
| Network | CBC |
| Release | October 6, 1953 (1953-10-06)
June 30, 1955 (1955-06-30) |
| Related | |
| *Perspective* | |


title: Oncopera alboguttata

abstract: Oncopera alboguttata is a moth of the family Hepialidae. It is found in New South Wales and Queensland. The larvae are subterranean and feed on the roots and bases of grasses in native and sown pastures.

text:
# Oncopera alboguttata

***Oncopera alboguttata*** is a moth of the family Hepialidae. It is found in New South Wales and Queensland.

The larvae are subterranean and feed on the roots and bases of grasses in native and sown pastures.

## InfoBox

| *Oncopera alboguttata* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Hepialidae |
| Genus: | *Oncopera* |
| Species: | ***O. alboguttata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Oncopera alboguttata***<br>Tindale, 1933 | |
|


title: Oncideres boliviana

abstract: Oncideres boliviana is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Leopold Heyrovský in 1952. It is known from Bolivia.

text:
# Oncideres boliviana

***Oncideres boliviana*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Leopold Heyrovský in 1952. It is known from Bolivia.

## InfoBox

| *Oncideres boliviana* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | *Oncideres* |
| Species: | ***O. boliviana*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Oncideres boliviana***<br>Heyrovsky, 1952 | |
|


title: One Moment of Humanity

abstract: "One Moment of Humanity" is the fourth episode of the second series of Space: 1999. The screenplay was written by Tony Barwick; the director was Charles Crichton. The original title was "One Second of Humanity". The final shooting script is dated 12 February 1976. Live-action filming took place Thursday 4 March 1976 through Wednesday 17 March 1976.

text:
# One Moment of Humanity

"**One Moment of Humanity**" is the fourth episode of the second series of *Space: 1999* (and the 28th overall episode of the programme). The screenplay was written by Tony Barwick; the director was Charles Crichton. The original title was "One Second of Humanity". The final shooting script is dated 12 February 1976. Live-action filming took place Thursday 4 March 1976 through Wednesday 17 March 1976.

## Plot

It is 515 days after leaving Earth orbit, and Helena Russell and Maya are preparing for a formal party to be held the next evening. Each models the gowns they have selected to wear. Helena suggests to Maya a different hairstyle might be more appealing to would-be suitor Tony Verdeschi; the Psychon woman uses her power of molecular transformation to instantly produce a new coiffure. Their fun is interrupted by the red-alert klaxon. By the time the senior staff has gathered in Command Centre, what started as a minor malfunction in the main electronics has grown into a cascading systems failure. Alpha experiences complete life-support malfunction, then a total power loss.

A strange atmosphere pervades Command Centre. The staff is overcome first by a wave of lightheadedness, then rendered completely immobile. The eerie stillness is broken by a flare of energy, from which materialises a striking humanoid female. She wanders among the involuntary *tableau vivant*, singling out Helena and Verdeschi. They, like the rest, were affected by vertigo when falling under the alien power—and were supporting each other when frozen in place. Presuming them to be lovers locked in an amorous embrace, she is satisfied with her discovery.

John Koenig revives first and confronts the intruder. She assures him his people are fine and, with a nod, releases them from their paralysis. After identifying herself as Zamara of the planet Vega, she declares the Moon has intruded upon her people's sphere of influence. Koenig explains the incursion is by accident and without hostile intent. She tells them Moonbase Alpha is being held in an electro force-field, which is not only suppressing their power but can immobilise their voluntary nervous systems. Permitting them forty-eight hours of minimal life-support, Zamara haughtily announces two Alphans are required to return with her to Vega for an undisclosed purpose.

Koenig protests and is immobilised by the Vegan woman. She selects the 'lovers' Verdeschi and Helena to accompany her. They will travel via positronic transfer; all they have to do is wish it. After some initial hesitation, they concentrate—and instantly find themselves standing in a spacious indoor garden on Vega. Verdeschi looks out a frost-rimed window at a desolate snowscape. Caressing his torso, Zamara informs him the temperature outside is always sub-zero and the atmosphere almost too thin to support life. Within the city, they will find all they desire.

As Helena wanders amid the foliage, she is startled by a being with an immobile plastic face wearing a hooded grey coverall with the numeral '8' on the chest. She then becomes aware of a well-built, arrogant male devouring her with his eyes. The man, Zarl, informs her that the grey-clad being is a 'Number'—a simple automaton. The Alphans are joined by other Vegans, all of them perfect physical specimens; the men bare-chested and virile, the women shapely and lithe. More Numbers are called to bring food for the guests. Attended to by Number Eight, Helena receives a whispered warning not to react as expected. If she or her companion show aggression, the Vegans will kill them.

The food is deliberately vile and served with vicious jibes and intentional insults. Helena manages to communicate with Verdeschi through meaningful looks and idiomatic word-play not to lose his temper. On Moonbase, the environmental situation is grave. Koenig orders a search of the entire installation for a device that could be generating the force-field. Maya works to devise an alternative heat source that will not consume their dwindling oxygen. An attempt to procure power-packs from the Eagles fails; with the travel-tube network non-operational, the launch pads are inaccessible.

On Vega, Verdeschi and Helena are escorted to a stark cell and locked in. Finally alone, Helena relates the warning given her by Number Eight. Wanting to find and question that robot, Verdeschi blasts the door open with his stun-gun. He wonders why he was allowed to keep his weapon; she assumes the Vegans want them to use it in an act of violence. They follow a Number through the city's corridors and into a cavern that serves as the robots' home. When Helena asks them for help, Number Eight steps forward and removes his plastic mask—to uncover a humanoid face. He reveals the Numbers are human and the Vegans are robots.

Eight tells them the tale of his ancestors. When his people were overwhelmed by a sudden and severe climatic change, they built service robots and linked them with a complex computer. The computers designed ever more advanced robots, which built even more sophisticated computers. In the end, the physically perfect androids achieved sentience, learning human characteristics through observation—then enslaved the human population. They want to eliminate their creators, but they have never been exposed to anger or hatred, and thus cannot kill. The masks prevent the Vegans from seeing strong emotion should the humans let down their guard.

Eight warns the Alphans to be wary: the androids will try to entice a demonstration of violence...then kill every last one of them. While investigating the computer chamber, Verdeschi and Helena discover it is protected by a powerful energy barrier impervious to laser fire. Zarl and Zamara appear, reproaching them for leaving their 'quarters'. The Alphans' excuse is they are worried about their friends on the Moon and are trying to return there. The androids tell them to simply desire it. They do, and find themselves back on an Alpha that is powered up and running—and apparently deserted.

A quick search proves they are the only two people present. Worse, calculations show the Moon is now two light-years distant from its previous position in the Vega system; they must have travelled through a time warp during the positronic transfer and arrived weeks in the future. They can only speculate the rest of the Alpha population was taken down to the planet. When they try to wish their return to Vega, nothing happens—the process has apparently been turned off.

They are, in fact, in a replica of Alpha. By isolating them, the Vegans intend to foster suspicion, paranoia and murderous rage between them. (Zarl finds the procedure cruel, but is convinced of its necessity by Zamara.) Using circumstantial evidence, they manoeuvre Helena into believing the security chief gave her a drugged coffee. Verdeschi is then made to assume the doctor sabotaged the life-support system. This exercise in psychological warfare ends with the two friends hunting each other with lasers set to kill. Thinking the other is unbalanced, each tries to humour the other. Finally, realising that neither is responsible for the deeds the other accuses them of, they recognise the situation for what it is. As the two gloat over their victory, the androids come out of hiding and Zamara admits failure—*this* time.

On Alpha, the temperature is below freezing and the air stale and dank. Koenig receives a report of an intruder in the Recreation Section: Zamara. Her last experiment a failure, she is reviewing the entire micro-disc library for a literary example of humans driven to commit murder. After a stun-gun blast has no effect on the android, she informs them all the Vegans are part of a complete and indestructible chain. Her search ends with Shakespeare's *Othello*, discovering the emotion of jealousy can compel humans to kill. Koenig informs her that the scheme will not work with Helena and Verdeschi as they are not lovers*he* is Helena's lover, and (to get her down to the planet) identifies Maya to be Verdeschi's.

Zamara travels to Vega with Koenig and Maya. She plans to manipulate the *Othello* scenario to its full potential. Zarl/Iago will seduce Helena/Desdemona, and the all-consuming jealousy of her lover Koenig/Othello will inflame him to commit murder. Watching the tender reunion between Koenig and Helena, Zarl is uncertain and questions if they could be missing something by rejecting the emotion of love.

The four Alphans pool their information and come up with a plan of action. Maya transforms into a native bird to escape the garden unnoticed. She can hopefully circumvent the energy barrier and inspect the master computer for any exploitable weakness. With Verdeschi's help, Koenig will contain his anger until she shuts down the system. The seduction begins, with the masculine android sweeping Helena away into an erotic dance. Zarl's advances are blatant, but Helena's response is impassive; she is concerned that any resistance could be translated into an act of aggression.

The music's tempo increases, and Zarl's moves become more wild and provocative. Helena is able to deflect his caressing hands with her own non-aggressive motions coordinated with the dance. Koenig fumes silently under the scrutiny of the Vegans as Zarl's gentle rape progresses. A passive Helena is lowered onto a pile of cushions by Zarl. Emotions stirring, the Vegan plants a passionate kiss on her mouth. In spite of herself, she is aroused. Maya returns with grave news: the computer has a fail-safe mechanism—interference with its power source initiates an explosion that could destroy the entire planet. Koenig leaps into action as he sees Helena surrendering herself to Zarl's foreplay. He pulls the android man off her and slugs him.

The Vegans are elated; they have finally witnessed an act of violence and rage. Goaded on by Zamara, Zarl practices death-blows with his powerful android fists, smashing furniture and statuary. As he turns his attention to Koenig, the other Alphans quickly confer. The Vegans' weakness is their interlinked consciousness—like a string of Christmas-tree lights...if one fails, they all fail. Helena stands between Koenig and Zarl. She pleads for the android to take the final step in his evolution and become human. She has witnessed his flashes of tenderness and compassion; now complete the journey and experience love.

Ignoring Zamara's shrill protests, Zarl takes Helena's outstretched hand and presses it to his lips. The intensity of emotion is too much for him; rapture gives way to agonising torment and he crumples to the floor. With a wail of defeat, Zamara and the other androids wind down, immobilised. Having watched from the shrubbery, the Numbers gather and peel off their masks, rejoicing in their new-found freedom. Zarl manages to briefly cling to existence; he declares he *did* feel love at the end. Comforted by a teary-eyed Helena, he tells her it is worth oblivion to have experienced just that one moment of humanity, then expires.

## Regular cast

## Music

An original score was composed for this episode by Derek Wadsworth. The second movement of Beethoven's 'Symphony No. 9 in D minor' was played by Zamara in the Alpha Recreation Centre. 'Storm at Sun-Up' by Canadian jazz composer Gino Vannelli, was selected by choreographer Lionel Blair to accompany the seduction dance during filming, and served as Wadsworth's inspiration when preparing his score. A brief moment of the 'space horror music' composed by Vic Elms and Alan Willis for "Ring Around the Moon" can be heard when Zarl takes Helena's hand and says, 'The play begins.' This is the only occurrence of a first-series music-track being used this year.

## Production

The shooting script, written by former *UFO* script editor Tony Barwick, contains an epilogue cut for time from the final edit. The viewer would have seen a restored Alpha dispatching a recovery Eagle, and Alan Carter arriving on Vega with cold-weather gear for Koenig and company. With the Vegan city powered down, the Alphans discuss the future with the Numbers, who are looking forward to re-learning the basics of survival in their world's harsh environment. Helena and Koenig then exchange banter regarding Zarl; though the android was a good-looking and masculine Iago, Helena states she much prefers her Othello. The script's status-report date is stated as 415 days by Helena and was changed in post-production.

After completing this episode, series regular Zienia Merton decided to leave the programme. She was dissatisfied with her lack of a contract and diminished involvement in the second series. Feeling the new American producer Fred Freiberger did not appreciate her contribution to the previous series and not seeing any potential change in the foreseeable future, she opted to depart. Merton would change her mind and return to the show three months later, but during her absence, her character would be replaced by Japanese operative Yasko. Yasko was portrayed by Yasuko Nagazumi, the wife of *Space: 1999* director Ray Austin.

Coming off her critically acclaimed, award-winning performance as Mrs. Baylock in the 1976 horror film *The Omen*, Billie Whitelaw was cast as the sensuously diabolical android Zamara. A veteran of British theatre, her stage-trained voice had to be modulated in post-production to prevent it from overwhelming all other elements of the soundtrack.

Costume designer Emma Porteous recalls how she and production designer Keith Wilson closely collaborated to produce a cohesive look for the beautiful and sensual world of Vega. The sets for this production were revamped from the Grove of Psyche, the corridors of Psychon and the caverns left over from "The Metamorph". The red nylon quilted jackets introduced in "Dragon's Domain" were worn here by Catherine Schell and background extra Robert Reeves.

A large quantity of publicity stills for the second series were taken during the filming of this episode. The regular cast, alone or in combinations, were photographed in a variety of action poses involving attacking aliens. Among these aliens were stuntmen dressed in the Vegan android costume and 'Number' costume, a Highlander from "Journey to Where" and stuntman Frank Maher in his Decontamination Unit coverall from "The Exiles", his face smeared with grey greasepaint.

Apart from simple laser-beam overlays, teleportation energy-flares and one big-screen shot with a burn-in of the star-chart showing the before-and-after positions of the Moon, there are no substantial visual effects in this episode. Verdeschi's POV shot of the surface of Vega and the single shot of the planet over Moonbase Alpha were library footage both taken from the first-series episode "Death's Other Dominion".

## Novelisation

The episode was adapted in the second Year Two *Space: 1999* novel *Mind-Breaks of Space* by Michael Butterworth and J. Jeff Jones published in 1977. It included the deleted epilogue scene.

## InfoBox

| "**One Moment of Humanity**" | |
| --- | --- |
| *Space: 1999* episode | |
| Episode no. | Series 2<br>Episode 4 |
| Directed by | Charles Crichton |
| Written by | Tony Barwick |
| Editing by | Mike Campbell |
| Production code | 27 |
| Original air date | 25 September 1976 (1976-09-25) |
| Guest appearances | |
|  | |
|
|


title: One Montgomery

abstract: One Montgomery is a diverse group of citizens in Montgomery, Alabama who seek to promote understanding and trust between people of different racial and ethnic backgrounds through discussion, education, social interaction, and enhanced personal relationships. Its membership has included numerous individuals who have been active in the Civil Rights Movement in Alabama, including the late Johnnie Carr, the late Rev. Dr. Robert Graetz; his wife, the late Jeannie Graetz, who with her husband promoted civil rights for all persons regardless of race, ethnicity or gender; the late Lt. Gen. Charles Cleveland, a Korean War Ace who served as commander of Air University at Maxwell Air Force Base, and other community leaders. The group continues to meet regularly, and embraces diversity as an essential strength of American society. It was founded in 1984 following the "Todd Road Incident" in which visiting blacks were charged with assaulting two white plainclothes policemen who, failing to identify themselves, forcefully entered a residence which they thought was a crack house but in which the visitors were holding a post-funeral gathering. In the ensuing struggle both policemen were wounded, resulting in the visitors being charged with serious offenses. After a polarizing trial, they were acquitted. The trial resulted in severe racial stress in the city and area. As a result of the Todd Road Incident city officials and concerned citizens met and formed One Montgomery, Leadership Montgomery, and citizens formed the Friendly Supper Club, which meets at the Alabama State University faculty dining room at 6:00pm on the first Monday of each month. One Montgomery has played an important role in promoting mutual understanding during several racially charged situations. For example, when organizations recognized as hate groups by the Southern Poverty Law Center staged demonstrations and marched up Dexter Avenue toward the state Capitol, One Montgomery hosted a counter-vigil at the nearby Civil Rights Memorial Despite such occasional activities, One Montgomery is not an "activist" organization but rather a forum for networking and education. The group is always seeking members who are interested in meaningful and civil dialog. Membership is open to the public, with a goal of achieving diversity of racial and ethnic backgrounds and age groups. Dues are reasonable. Guests may attend two meetings before having to pay dues. One Montgomery meets weekly on Tuesday mornings from 7:00 to 8:00 a.m.(Central Time). During the Covid-19 epidemic the meetings became virtual, by Zoom. In October 2022 in-person meetings with breakfast resumed on the first Tuesday of each month at the Church of the Ascension. Other meetings are still virtual, and there is virtual access to the in-person meetings. Each meeting starts with the Pledge of Allegiance and a moment of silence. One meeting per month is reserved for disposition of business and open discussion. Other meetings feature a presentation by a guest speaker or member on some topic of interest. On controversial topics, the group often invites a speaker to present the other side of the argument at a subsequent meeting. Members are encouraged to participate in civic activities that improve diversity relations.

text:
# One Montgomery

**One Montgomery** is a diverse group of citizens in Montgomery, Alabama who seek to promote understanding and trust between people of different racial and ethnic backgrounds through discussion, education, social interaction, and enhanced personal relationships. Its membership has included numerous individuals who have been active in the Civil Rights Movement in Alabama, including the late Johnnie Carr (who was a close friend of Rosa Parks), the late Rev. Dr. Robert Graetz (who was pastor of a black congregation in Montgomery and worked closely with Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. during the bus boycott); his wife, the late Jeannie Graetz, who with her husband promoted civil rights for all persons regardless of race, ethnicity or gender; the late Lt. Gen. Charles Cleveland, a Korean War Ace who served as commander of Air University at Maxwell Air Force Base, and other community leaders.

The group continues to meet regularly, and embraces diversity as an essential strength of American society. It was founded in 1984 following the "Todd Road Incident" in which visiting blacks were charged with assaulting two white plainclothes policemen who, failing to identify themselves, forcefully entered a residence which they thought was a crack house but in which the visitors were holding a post-funeral gathering. In the ensuing struggle both policemen were wounded, resulting in the visitors being charged with serious offenses. After a polarizing trial, they were acquitted. The trial resulted in severe racial stress in the city and area.

As a result of the Todd Road Incident city officials and concerned citizens met and formed One Montgomery, Leadership Montgomery (a civic training program), and citizens formed the Friendly Supper Club, which meets at the Alabama State University faculty dining room at 6:00pm on the first Monday of each month.

One Montgomery has played an important role in promoting mutual understanding during several racially charged situations. For example, when organizations recognized as hate groups by the Southern Poverty Law Center staged demonstrations and marched up Dexter Avenue toward the state Capitol, One Montgomery hosted a counter-vigil at the nearby Civil Rights Memorial

Despite such occasional activities, One Montgomery is not an "activist" organization but rather a forum for networking and education. The group is always seeking members who are interested in meaningful and civil dialog. Membership is open to the public, with a goal of achieving diversity of racial and ethnic backgrounds and age groups. Dues are reasonable. Guests may attend two meetings before having to pay dues.

One Montgomery meets weekly on Tuesday mornings from 7:00 to 8:00 a.m.(Central Time). During the Covid-19 epidemic the meetings became virtual, by Zoom. In October 2022 in-person meetings with breakfast resumed on the first Tuesday of each month at the Church of the Ascension. Other meetings are still virtual, and there is virtual access to the in-person meetings. Each meeting starts with the Pledge of Allegiance and a moment of silence. One meeting per month is reserved for disposition of business and open discussion. Other meetings feature a presentation by a guest speaker or member on some topic of interest. On controversial topics, the group often invites a speaker to present the other side of the argument at a subsequent meeting.

Members are encouraged to participate in civic activities that improve diversity relations.


title: Onoba georgiana

abstract: Onoba georgiana is a species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Rissoidae.

text:
# Onoba georgiana

***Onoba georgiana*** is a species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Rissoidae.

## Distribution

## Description

The maximum recorded shell length is 2.7 mm.

## Habitat

Minimum recorded depth is 0 m. Maximum recorded depth is 168 m.

## InfoBox

| *Onoba georgiana* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Littorinimorpha |
| Family: | Rissoidae |
| Genus: | *Onoba* |
| Species: | ***O. georgiana*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Onoba georgiana***<br>(Pfeffer, 1886) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Rissoia insignificans* Strebel, 1908 | |


title: One-satang coin

abstract: The Thailand one-satang coin is a currency unit equivalent to one-hundredth of a Thai baht. It is rare in circulation but used in banking transactions. The first satang coin was issued from 1908 to 1937, and featured a hole through the middle. It was made of bronze and measured 22mm in diameter, weighing 4.6g. It bore the name of King Rama VI. A coin in the same design was minted in 1939 with the name of King Rama VIII, and had a mintage of 24.4 million. In 1941 the design of the coin changed, although it was still bronze with a hole. The diameter changed to 20mm and the weight to 3.5g. The hole was removed in 1942 as the coin's composition became tin, reducing its weight to 1.5g and the diameter to 15mm. Only issued in 1942, it had a mintage of 20.7 million. The design was changed on the coin, although it retained its specifications, in 1944. This coin had an issue of 500,000. The coin then fell out of circulation. It was reintroduced in 1987 as an aluminium coin weighing 0.5g and measuring 15mm in diameter. This was the first one-satang coin to feature a portrait of a monarch, King Rama IX, which was sculpted by Wuthichai Saengngoen. A commemorative was released in 1996 to mark 50 years since of the reign of Rama IX, with a front-facing portrait of the King at his succession. In 2008, the current portrait of the King was inserted on the obverse.

text:
# One-satang coin

The **Thailand one-satang coin** is a currency unit equivalent to one-hundredth of a Thai baht. It is rare in circulation but used in banking transactions.

The first satang coin was issued from 1908 to 1937, and featured a hole through the middle. It was made of bronze and measured 22mm in diameter, weighing 4.6g. It bore the name of King Rama VI. A coin in the same design was minted in 1939 with the name of King Rama VIII, and had a mintage of 24.4 million. In 1941 the design of the coin changed, although it was still bronze with a hole. The diameter changed to 20mm and the weight to 3.5g.

The hole was removed in 1942 as the coin's composition became tin, reducing its weight to 1.5g and the diameter to 15mm. Only issued in 1942, it had a mintage of 20.7 million. The design was changed on the coin, although it retained its specifications, in 1944. This coin had an issue of 500,000.

The coin then fell out of circulation. It was reintroduced in 1987 as an aluminium coin weighing 0.5g and measuring 15mm in diameter. This was the first one-satang coin to feature a portrait of a monarch, King Rama IX, which was sculpted by Wuthichai Saengngoen. A commemorative was released in 1996 to mark 50 years since of the reign of Rama IX, with a front-facing portrait of the King at his succession. In 2008, the current portrait of the King was inserted on the obverse.

## Mintages

* 1987 ~ 93,000
* 1988 ~ 200,000
* 1989 ~ 109,000
* 1990 ~ 191,050
* 1991 ~ 25,000
* 1992 ~ 61,000
* 1993 ~ 126,000
* 1994 ~ 500,000
* 1995 ~ 500,000
* 1996 - 0
* 1997 ~ 10,000
* 1998 ~ 10,000
* 1999 ~ 20,000
* 2000 ~ 10,000
* 2001 ~ 50,000
* 2002 - 0
* 2003 ~ 10,000
* 2004 ~ 10,000
* 2005 ~ 20,000
* 2006 ~ 3,000
* 2007 ~ 10,000
* 2008 ~ 10,000
* 2009 ~ 10,000

1. http://worldcoingallery.com/countries/display.php?image=img5/175-35&desc=Thailand y35 1 Satang (1908-1937)&query=Thailand
2. "1 Satang - Rama V / Rama VI / Rama VII / Rama VIII - Thailand – Numista".
3. "1 Satang - Rama VIII (Government of Thailand) - Thailand – Numista".
4. "1 Satang - Rama VIII - Thailand – Numista".
5. http://worldcoingallery.com/countries/display.php?image=img5/175-57&desc=Thailand y57 1 Satang (1942)&query=Thailand
6. "1 Satang - Rama VIII - Thailand – Numista".
7. "1 Satang - Rama VIII - Thailand – Numista".
8. "1 Satang - Rama IX - Thailand – Numista".
9. "1 Satang - Rama IX, Thailand".
10. "1 Satang - Rama IX (4th portrait) - Thailand – Numista".
11. Treasury Department Archived 2011-10-06 at the Wayback Machine
12. Treasury Department Archived 2011-08-15 at the Wayback Machine

## InfoBox

One satang
| Thailand | |
| --- | --- |
| Value | 0.01 Thai baht |
| Mass | 0.5 g |
| Diameter | 15 mm |
| Edge | Plain |
| Composition | Aluminium<br>99% Al |
| Years of minting | 1908Present |
| Catalog number | - |
| Obverse | |
| Design | King Vajiralongkorn |
| Designer | Vudhichai Seangern |
| Design date | 2018 |
| Reverse | |
| Design | Royal Monogram of King Vajiralongkorn |
| Designer | Chaiyod Soontrapa |
| Design date | 2018 |


title: Operation Diadem

abstract: Operation Diadem, also referred to as the Fourth Battle of Monte Cassino or, in Canada, the Battle of the Liri Valley, was an offensive operation undertaken by the Allies of World War II in May 1944, as part of the Italian Campaign of World War II. Diadem was supported by air attacks called Operation Strangle. The opposing force was the German 10th Army. The object of Diadem was to break the German defenses on the Gustav Line and open up the Liri Valley, the main route to Rome. General Sir Harold Alexander, Commander-in-Chief of the Allied Armies in Italy, planned Diadem to coordinate roughly with the invasion of Normandy, so that German forces would be tied down in Italy, and could not be redeployed to France. Four corps were employed in the attack. From right to left these were the Polish II Corps and the British XIII Corps, of the Eighth Army, and the French Corps and the U.S. II Corps, of the Fifth Army. The Fifth Army also controlled the U.S. VI Corps in the Anzio beachhead, some 60 miles northwest. Diadem was launched at 23:00 on 11 May 1944 by elements of the British 4th Infantry Division and 8th Indian Infantry Division, with supporting fire from the 1st Canadian Armoured Brigade. They made a successful strongly opposed night crossing of the Garigliano and Rapido rivers. This broke into the heart of the German defenses in the Liri valley against strong opposition and drew in German theater reserves, reducing pressure on the Anzio beachhead. The French Corps pushed through the mountains to the left on 14 May, supported by U.S. II Corps along the coast. On 17 May, Polish II Corps on the right attacked Monte Cassino. When their position collapsed, the Germans fell back from the Gustav Line to the Hitler Line some 10 miles to their rear. On 23 May, the four corps attacked the Hitler Line. On the same day, the U.S. VI Corps attacked out of the Anzio beachhead. The Hitler Line was breached by the 1st Canadian Infantry Division's 4th Princess Louise Dragoon Guards at Pontecorvo on 23 May. The German Tenth Army was forced to retire northwestward. The U.S. VI Corps, moving northeast from Anzio, was at the point of cutting off the German line of retreat when Lieutenant General Mark W. Clark, commander of the Fifth Army, inexplicably ordered them to turn northwest and advance on Rome instead. There is much speculation that he did this so that his Fifth Army would capture Rome ahead of the Eighth Army advancing up the Liri Valley. The German Tenth Army thus avoided being surrounded. The Germans fought a series of delaying actions, retired to the Trasimene Line, and then to the Gothic Line, north of the Arno River.

text:
# Operation Diadem

**Operation Diadem**, also referred to as the **Fourth Battle of Monte Cassino** or, in Canada, the **Battle of the Liri Valley**, was an offensive operation undertaken by the Allies of World War II (U.S. Fifth Army and British Eighth Army) in May 1944, as part of the Italian Campaign of World War II. *Diadem* was supported by air attacks called Operation Strangle. The opposing force was the German 10th Army.

The object of *Diadem* was to break the German defenses on the Gustav Line (the western half of the Winter Line) and open up the Liri Valley, the main route to Rome. General Sir Harold Alexander, Commander-in-Chief of the Allied Armies in Italy, planned *Diadem* to coordinate roughly with the invasion of Normandy, so that German forces would be tied down in Italy, and could not be redeployed to France.

Four corps were employed in the attack. From right to left these were the Polish II Corps and the British XIII Corps, of the Eighth Army, and the French Corps (including Moroccan *Goumiers*) and the U.S. II Corps, of the Fifth Army. The Fifth Army also controlled the U.S. VI Corps in the Anzio beachhead, some 60 miles northwest.

*Diadem* was launched at 23:00 on 11 May 1944 by elements of the British 4th Infantry Division and 8th Indian Infantry Division, with supporting fire from the 1st Canadian Armoured Brigade. They made a successful strongly opposed night crossing of the Garigliano and Rapido rivers. This broke into the heart of the German defenses in the Liri valley against strong opposition and drew in German theater reserves, reducing pressure on the Anzio beachhead. The French Corps pushed through the mountains to the left on 14 May, supported by U.S. II Corps along the coast. On 17 May, Polish II Corps on the right attacked Monte Cassino.

When their position collapsed, the Germans fell back from the Gustav Line to the Hitler Line some 10 miles to their rear.

On 23 May, the four corps attacked the Hitler Line. On the same day, the U.S. VI Corps attacked out of the Anzio beachhead.

The Hitler Line was breached by the 1st Canadian Infantry Division's 4th Princess Louise Dragoon Guards at Pontecorvo on 23 May. The German Tenth Army was forced to retire northwestward. The U.S. VI Corps, moving northeast from Anzio, was at the point of cutting off the German line of retreat when Lieutenant General Mark W. Clark, commander of the Fifth Army, inexplicably ordered them to turn northwest and advance on Rome instead. There is much speculation that he did this so that his Fifth Army would capture Rome ahead of the Eighth Army advancing up the Liri Valley. The German Tenth Army thus avoided being surrounded.

The Germans fought a series of delaying actions, retired to the Trasimene Line, and then to the Gothic Line (identified on German maps as the "Green" Line), north of the Arno River.

## Gustav line

In his autobiography, General Mark W. Clark describes how the French Expeditionary Corps (FEC) broke through the Gustav Line in May 1944.

> Meantime, the French forces had crossed the Garigliano (River) and moved forward into the mountainous terrain lying south of the Liri River. It was not easy. As always, the German veterans reacted strongly and there was bitter fighting. The French surprised the enemy and quickly seized key terrain including Mounts Faito Cerasola and high ground near Castelforte. The 1st Motorized Division helped the 2nd Moroccan Infantry Division take key Mount Girofano and then advanced rapidly north to S. Apollinare and S. Ambrogio In spite of the stiffening enemy resistance, the 2nd Moroccan Division penetrated the Gustav Line in less than two days' fighting. The next 48 hours on the French front were decisive. The knife-wielding Goumiers swarmed over the hills, particularly at night, and General Juin's entire force showed an aggressiveness hour after hour that the Germans could not withstand. Cerasola, San Giogrio, Mt. D'Oro, Ausonia and Esperia were seized in one of the most brilliant and daring advances of the war in Italy, and by May 16 the French Expeditionary Corps had thrust forward some ten miles on their left flank to Mount Revole, with the remainder of their front slanting back somewhat to keep contact with the British 8th Army. For this performance, which was to be a key to the success of the entire drive on Rome, I shall always be a grateful admirer of General Juin and his magnificent FEC... The 8th Army's delay made Juin's task more difficult because he was moving forward so rapidly that his right flank---adjacent to the British---constantly was exposed to counter-attacks.

In a letter to future Marshal Juin, General Mark Clark paid tribute to the Tirailleur units and Goumiers of the CEF in particular:

> For me, it has been a deep source of satisfaction to see how the vital part played by the French troops of the Fifth Army throughout our Italian campaign against the common enemy has been universally acknowledged. During these long months, I have had the real privilege of seeing for myself the evidence of the outstanding calibre of the French soldiers, heirs of the noblest traditions of the French Army. Nevertheless, not satisfied with this, you and all your people have added a new epic chapter to the history of France; you have gladdened the hearts of your compatriots, giving them comfort and hope as they languish under the heavy and humiliating yoke of a hated invader. . . . With my deepest gratitude for the tremendous contribution that you have made to our joint victories, my dear General.

## InfoBox

| Operation Diadem | |
| --- | --- |
| Part of the Winter Line and the battle for Rome of the Italian Campaign, World War II | |
|
Allied plan for Operation Diadem | |
| Date 11 May to 4 June 1944  Location Liri Valley, Italy  Result  Allied Victory | |
| Belligerents | |
| United Kingdom
United States
France
Poland
Canada | Germany
Italian Social Republic |
| Commanders and leaders | |
| Sidney Kirkman
Geoffrey Keyes
Władysław Anders
Alphonse Juin | F. v. Senger und Etterlin
Valentin Feurstein
Traugott Herr
Eberhard von Mackensen |
| Units involved | |
| XIII Corps
II Corps
II Corps
CEFI | XIV Panzer Corps
LI Mountain Corps
LXXVI Panzer Corps (elements) |


title: Operation Diadem order of battle

abstract: Operation Diadem order of battle is a listing of the significant formations that were involved in the fighting on the Winter Line and at the Anzio bridgehead south of Rome during Operation Diadem in May - June 1944 which resulted in the Allied breakthrough at Cassino and the breakout at Anzio leading to the capture of Rome.

text:
# Operation Diadem order of battle

**Operation Diadem order of battle** is a listing of the significant formations that were involved in the fighting on the Winter Line and at the Anzio bridgehead south of Rome during *Operation Diadem* in May - June 1944 which resulted in the Allied breakthrough at Cassino and the breakout at Anzio leading to the capture of Rome.

## Allied Armies in Italy

**C-in-C:** General Sir Harold Alexander **Chief of Staff:** Lieutenant-General Sir John Harding

### U.S. Fifth Army

**Commander:**

Lieutenant General Mark W. Clark

#### U.S. VI Corps (At Anzio)

Major General Lucian K. Truscott

#### U.S. II Corps (on the Winter Line)

Major-General Geoffrey Keyes

#### Corps Expéditionnaire Français (French Expeditionary Corps) (on the Winter Line)

Général d'armée (General) Alphonse Juin * 3ème Division d'Infanterie Algérienne (3rd Algerian Infantry Division) (Général de division (Major-General) Joseph de Goislard de Monsabert)
* 4ème Division Marocaine de Montagne (4th Moroccan Mountain Division) (Général de division (Major-General) François Sevez)
* 2ème Division d'Infanterie Marocaine (2nd Moroccan Infantry Division) (Général de division(Major-General) André W. Dody)
* 1ère Division Française Libre/1ère Division Motorisée d'Infanterie (1st Motorised Infantry Division) (Général de division (Major-General) Diego Brosset)
* Commandement des Goums Marocains (Command of Moroccan Goumiers \- Three Groups of Tabors each comprising three tabors of 500 to 800 men) (Général de brigade (Brigadier-General) Augustin Guillaume)
* Corps Troops
    + 7ème et 8ème Régiments de Chasseurs d'Afrique (7th and 8th African Light Cavalry Regiment) (M10 tank destroyers)
    + Régiment d'Artillerie Coloniale du Levant (Levant Colonial Artillery Regiment)
    + 64ème Régiment d'Artillerie d'Afrique (64th African Artillery Regiment)
    + Groupe de canonniers-marins (Navy Artillery Battalion - two batteries)

#### Army Reserve

### British Eighth Army (on the Winter Line)

**Commander:**

Lieutenant-General Sir Oliver Leese

#### British XIII Corps

Lieutenant-General Sidney C. Kirkman

#### I Canadian Corps

Lieutenant-General E. L. M. Burns

#### Polish II Corps

Lieutenant-General Władysław Anders

#### British X Corps

Lieutenant-General Sir Richard L. McCreery

#### Army Reserve

### British V Corps (On the Adriatic front in a holding role directly under A.A.I.)

Lieutenant-General Charles Allfrey

## German Army Group C

**Commander:**

Field Marshal Albert Kesselring

### Army Group Reserve

### Fourteenth Army (at Anzio)

**Commander:** Lieutenant-General Eberhard von Mackensen (until end May 1944, then under direct command of Kesselring)

#### I Parachute Corps

Lieutenant-General Alfred Schlemm

#### LXXVI Panzer Corps

Lieutenant-General Traugott Herr

### Tenth Army (on the Winter Line)

**Commander:** General Heinrich von Vietinghoff

#### XIV Panzer Corps

Lieutenant-General Frido von Senger und Etterlin (on leave 17 April to 17 May during which time Lieutenant-General Otto Hartmann)

#### LI Mountain Corps

Lieutenant-General Valentin Feurstein

#### Korpsgruppe Hauck (on Adriatic front in holding role)

Major-General Friedrich-Wilhelm Hauck

### Armeegruppe von Zangen (in northern Italy)

**Commander:** Lieutenant-General Gustav von Zangen

#### LXXV Army Corps

Lieutenant-General Anton Dostler

#### Corps Witthöft (Eastern sub-Alpine region)

Lieutenant-General Joachim Witthöft

#### Corps Kübler (Adriatic coastal region)

Lieutenant-General Ludwig Kübler * 278th Infantry Division (most of) (Major-General Harry Hoppe)

## Sources

* Carver, Field Marshal Lord (2001). *The Imperial War Museum Book of the War in Italy 1943-1945*. London: Sidgwick & Jackson. ISBN 0-330-48230-0.
* Clark, LLoyd (2006). *Anzio: The Friction of War. Italy and the Battle for Rome 1944*. Headline Publishing Group, London. ISBN 978-0-7553-1420-1.
* Houterman, Hans; Koppes, Jeroen. "World War II unit histories and officers". Archived from the original on 3 December 2008. Retrieved 6 August 2007.
* Joslen, H. F. (2003) \[1960\]. *Orders of Battle: Second World War, 1939–1945*. Uckfield, East Sussex: Naval and Military Press. ISBN 978-1-84342-474-1.
* Molony, Brigadier C.J.C.; with Flynn, Captain F.C. (R.N.); Davies, Major-General H.L. & Gleave, Group Captain T.P. (2004) \[1st. pub. HMSO:1984\]. Butler, Sir James (ed.). *The Mediterranean and Middle East, Volume VI: Victory in the Mediterranean, Part 1 - 1st April to 4th June 1944*. History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series. Revised by Jackson, General Sir William. Uckfield, UK: Naval & Military Press. pp. 14–15. ISBN 1-84574-070-X.
* "Orders of Battle.com". Archived from the original on 17 July 2007. Retrieved 6 August 2007.
* Wendell, Marcus. "Axis History Factbook: German army order of battle". Archived from the original on 29 October 2006. Retrieved 6 August 2007.


title: Oostmalle Airfield

abstract: Oostmalle Airfield is an airport in the Antwerp province of the Flemish Region of Belgium. It is located east of the town of Zoersel, south of the town of Oostmalle, and west of the town of Wechelderzande, in the municipality of Malle.

text:
# Oostmalle Airfield

**Oostmalle Airfield** (IATA: **OBL**, ICAO: **EBZR**) is an airport in the Antwerp province of the Flemish Region of Belgium. It is located east of the town of Zoersel, south of the town of Oostmalle, and west of the town of Wechelderzande, in the municipality of Malle.

## InfoBox

| Oostmalle Airfield<br>Zoersel/Oostmalle Airfield | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Summary | |
| Airport type | Military/Public |
| Location | Oostmalle, Belgium |
| Elevation AMSL | 53 ft / 16 m |
| Coordinates | 51°15′53″N 004°45′12″E / 51.26472°N 4.75333°E / 51.26472; 4.75333 |
| Map | |
| EBZRLocation in Belgium | |
| Runways | |
| Direction Length Surface  m ft  05/23 799 2,621 Asphalt/Concrete | |
| Sources: Belgian AIP | |


title: Onnalvadi

abstract: Onnalvadi is Grama Panchyath village in Krishnagiri District, Tamil Nadu, India. And this village located 9 km away from its Taluk capital Hosur and 50 km away from its District capital Krishnagiri.

text:
# Onnalvadi

**Onnalvadi** is Grama Panchyath village in Krishnagiri District, Tamil Nadu, India. And this village located 9 km away from its Taluk capital Hosur and 50 km away from its District capital Krishnagiri.

## InfoBox

| Onnalvadi ஒன்னல்வாடிOnalvadi | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Road Side Sign Board display this village name | |
| Onnalvadi | |
| Coordinates: 12°41′01″N 77°51′37″E / 12.6836°N 77.8603°E / 12.6836; 77.8603 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Tamil Nadu |
| Region | Kongu Nadu |
| District | Krishnagiri |
| Thaluk | Hosur |
| Block | Hosur |
| Panchayat | Onnalvadi |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 6,656 |
| Languages | |
| Official | Tamil |
| Secondary | Kannada |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 635109 |
| Telephone code | 91-4347 |
| Vehicle registration | TN 70 |
| Lok Sabha Constituency | Krishnagiri |
| Lok Sabha Member | A. Chellakumar |
| Assembly Constituency | Hosur |
| Assembly Member | Y. Prakaash |


title: Opatkowiczki

abstract: Opatkowiczki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Czarnocin, within Kazimierza County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) south-west of Czarnocin, 7 km (4 mi) north of Kazimierza Wielka, and 62 km (39 mi) south of the regional capital Kielce. As of 2011, the village had 70 males and 83 females, for a total population of 153 people.

text:
# Opatkowiczki

**Opatkowiczki** \[ɔpatkɔˈvit͡ʂki\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Czarnocin, within Kazimierza County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) south-west of Czarnocin, 7 km (4 mi) north of Kazimierza Wielka, and 62 km (39 mi) south of the regional capital Kielce. As of 2011, the village had 70 males and 83 females, for a total population of 153 people.

## InfoBox

| Opatkowiczki | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Opatkowiczki | |
| Coordinates: 50°20′N 20°29′E / 50.333°N 20.483°E / 50.333; 20.483 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Świętokrzyskie |
| County | Kazimierza |
| Gmina | Czarnocin |


title: Onrusrivier

abstract: Onrusrivier, or Onrus, is a settlement in Overberg District Municipality in the Western Cape province of South Africa. The name Onrus means "restlessness", referring to the pounding of the surf on the rocky coast. Onrusrivier has been the home to some famous South African artists, including painters such as Marjorie Wallace (artist) and Gregoire Boonzaier. Onrusrivier has a popular beach and also a quaint tidal rock pool. Onrus is a predominantly residential area, situated between mountains, the Onrus river, and the seaside. There is an abundance of birds in Onrus, as well as animals such as mongoose and porcupine. The flora in Onrusrivier includes the ancient milkwood trees, and colourful indigenous flowers, which are seen only at certain times of the year.

text:
# Onrusrivier

**Onrusrivier**, or **Onrus**, is a settlement in Overberg District Municipality in the Western Cape province of South Africa.

The name Onrus means "restlessness", referring to the pounding of the surf on the rocky coast. Onrusrivier has been the home to some famous South African artists, including painters such as Marjorie Wallace (artist) and Gregoire Boonzaier. Onrusrivier has a popular beach and also a quaint tidal rock pool. Onrus is a predominantly residential area, situated between mountains, the Onrus river, and the seaside. There is an abundance of birds in Onrus, as well as animals such as mongoose and porcupine. The flora in Onrusrivier includes the ancient milkwood trees, and colourful indigenous flowers, which are seen only at certain times of the year.

## InfoBox

| Onrusrivier | |
| --- | --- |
| OnrusrivierOnrusrivier | |
| Coordinates: 34°24′44″S 19°10′12″E / 34.41222°S 19.17000°E / -34.41222; 19.17000 | |
| Country | South Africa |
| Province | Western Cape |
| District | Overberg |
| Municipality | Overstrand |
| Area | |
| Total | 10.83 km2 (4.18 sq mi) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 5,151 |
| Density | 480/km2 (1,200/sq mi) |
| Racial makeup (2011) | |
| Black African | 6.4% |
| Coloured | 2.6% |
| Indian/Asian | 0.1% |
| White | 90.4% |
| Other | 0.4% |
| First languages (2011) | |
| Afrikaans | 61.1% |
| English | 36.8% |
| Other | 2.0% |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (SAST) |
| Postal code (street) | 7201 |
| PO box | 7201 |
| Area code | 028 |


abstract: Operation Enduring Freedom – Caribbean and Central America (OEF-CCA) is the name of a U.S.-led regional military operation initiated in 2008, under the control of United States Southern Command. It has a focus on counter-terrorism and is part of the larger Operation Enduring Freedom which was begun in a response to the terrorist attacks of 9/11.

text:
# Operation Enduring Freedom – Caribbean and Central America

**Operation Enduring Freedom – Caribbean and Central America** (**OEF-CCA**) is the name of a U.S.-led regional military operation initiated in 2008, under the control of United States Southern Command. It has a focus on counter-terrorism and is part of the larger Operation Enduring Freedom which was begun in a response to the terrorist attacks of 9/11.

## Operations and costs

As part of this mission, in Fiscal Year 2009, elements of the 7th Special Forces Group were deployed to eight Central and South American nations: Belize, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Honduras, Trinidad & Tobago, Guyana, and Suriname.

In 2008, a $13.8 million CT Unit Train and Equip budget was allocated to Belize, Honduras, Guyana and Suriname. An additional $12.9 million Counterterrorism Capabilities budget was allocated to Mexico.

## Congressional Research Service Report

According to a Congressional Research Service report published in February 2011, "In its 2009 Country Reports on Terrorism (issued in August 2010), the State Department maintained that terrorism in the region was primarily perpetrated by terrorist organizations in Colombia and by the remnants of radical leftist Andean groups. Overall, however, the report maintained that the threat of a transnational terrorist attack remained low for most countries in the hemisphere." The report concluded, "The State Department maintains that there are no known operation cells of either Al Qaeda or Hezbollah-related groups in the hemisphere, although it notes that ideological sympathizers continue to provide financial and moral support to these and other terrorist groups in the Middle East and South Asia."


title: Onslow Speedway

abstract: Onslow Speedway is a once famous maritime racing track located in Onslow, Nova Scotia, Canada, where many well known racers from the Maritimes once raced or started racing. The track ran as a dirt track from 1965 to 1979, as a paved track from 1980 to 1993, and then off and on from there. Onslow Speedway ran from 1965 to 1978 as a dirt oval and then it was paved and ran from 1979 to 1994. Onslow was then used off and on for other events 1995-2005. Russel White bought it in 1980 and had the track listed for sale in fall of 1983. Robert Mosher bought track in late fall of 1985. Gary McKinnon bought it in 1999. Scott Fraser raced from 1986 to 1991, in the Street Stock division. He was rookie of the year at Onslow Speedway in 1987. He also set a record for the most wins ever in a single year at Onslow Speedway. Wayne Smith was Sportsman Champion At Onslow Speedway in 1988.

text:
# Onslow Speedway

**Onslow Speedway** is a once famous maritime racing track located in Onslow (near Truro), Nova Scotia, Canada, where many well known racers from the Maritimes once raced or started racing. The track ran as a dirt track from 1965 to 1979, as a paved track from 1980 to 1993, and then off and on from there.

Onslow Speedway ran from 1965 to 1978 as a dirt oval and then it was paved and ran from 1979 to 1994. Onslow was then used off and on for other events 1995-2005 (the Maritime Legends Tour was supposed to use the track in 2004).

Russel White bought it in 1980 and had the track listed for sale in fall of 1983. Robert Mosher bought track in late fall of 1985. Gary McKinnon bought it in 1999.

Scott Fraser (member of the Canadian Motorsports Hall of Fame) raced from 1986 to 1991 (started at age 16), in the Street Stock division. He was rookie of the year at Onslow Speedway in 1987. He also set a record for the most wins ever in a single year at Onslow Speedway. Wayne Smith (the Oval Outlaw) was Sportsman Champion At Onslow Speedway in 1988.

45°23′42″N 63°18′09″W / 45.3950°N 63.3026°W / 45.3950; -63.3026


title: Onslow Humphreys

abstract: Oliver W. "Onslow" Humphreys was a rugby union player who represented Australia. Humphreys, a fly-half, was born in Sydney and claimed a total of 6 international rugby caps for Australia.

text:
# Onslow Humphreys

**Oliver W. "Onslow" Humphreys** (born c. 1893) was a rugby union player who represented Australia.

Humphreys, a fly-half, was born in Sydney and claimed a total of 6 international rugby caps for Australia.

## InfoBox

Onslow Humphreys
| Birth name | Oliver W. Humphreys |
| --- | --- |
| Date of birth | c. 1893 |
| Place of birth | Sydney |
| Rugby union career | |
| **Position(s)** fly-half  International career  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  1920–25 Wallabies  6  (3) | |


title: Onychostoma virgulatum

abstract: Onychostoma virgulatum is a species of cyprinid in the genus Onychostoma. It inhabits South China and has a maximum length of 14.6 centimetres (5.7 in).

text:
# Onychostoma virgulatum

***Onychostoma virgulatum*** is a species of cyprinid in the genus *Onychostoma*. It inhabits South China and has a maximum length of 14.6 centimetres (5.7 in).

## InfoBox

| *Onychostoma virgulatum* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Cypriniformes |
| Family: | Cyprinidae |
| Genus: | *Onychostoma* |
| Species: | ***O. virgulatum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Onychostoma virgulatum***<br>Xin, Zhang & Cao, 2009 | |
|


title: Onychoteuthis borealijaponica

abstract: Onychoteuthis borealijaponica, the boreal clubhook squid, is a species of squid in the family Onychoteuthidae. It is the largest member of the genus Onychoteuthis, reaching a mantle length of 30 cm in males and 37 cm in females. Maturity is reached at 250 mm for males, and 300–350 mm in females. There are 24–27 hooks on each club, which is more than any other species in the genus Onychoteuthis. It is a pelagic species native to the North Pacific, although it migrates into Subarctic waters during the summer from its more southerly winter spawning grounds.

text:
# Onychoteuthis borealijaponica

***Onychoteuthis borealijaponica***, the **boreal clubhook squid**, is a species of squid in the family Onychoteuthidae. It is the largest member of the genus *Onychoteuthis*, reaching a mantle length of 30 cm in males and 37 cm in females. Maturity is reached at 250 mm for males, and 300–350 mm in females. There are 24–27 hooks on each club, which is more than any other species in the genus *Onychoteuthis*. It is a pelagic species native to the North Pacific, although it migrates into Subarctic waters during the summer from its more southerly winter spawning grounds.

## InfoBox

| Boreal clubhook squid | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Data Deficient  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Cephalopoda |
| Order: | Oegopsida |
| Family: | Onychoteuthidae |
| Genus: | *Onychoteuthis* |
| Species: | ***O. borealijaponica*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Onychoteuthis borealijaponica***
(Okada, 1927) | |
|