title: Taavetti Lukkarinen

abstract: Taavetti Lukkarinen was a former Kemi Oy's foreman from Keminmaa, Finland, who was sentenced to death for treason after helping German prisoners of war who had fled the Kirov Railway construction site via Finnish Lapland to Sweden. He was not an actual recruiter of the Jäger Movement. Lukkarinen was caught helping German prisoners of war on 26 December 1915 at Koivu railway station. He had hidden three of his German sledges that had been lifted on a train in Rovaniemi. Lukkarinen and three Germans were arrested. Lukkarinen managed to escape to Sweden, but returned to Finland with a forged passport due to being homesick. Fearing a train inspection at Oulu railway station, he fell off the train around Kiviniemi station. This was discovered and Lukkarinen was arrested by the Russian gendarmeries in June 1916. Lukkarinen was kept in vicious conditions in Oulu County Prison. The death sentence was handed down by a secret VI Army Military Court. The ruling has been accused of the Finnish Governor of the Province of Oulu, Axel Fabian af Enehjelm, who allegedly, under pressure from the Russians, contributed to the fact that a rather insignificant activist was made a warning example by sentencing him to death. According to another view, af Enehjelm, known for his pro-Russianism, sought to act in such a way that Lukkarinen was not pardoned. In prison, Lukkarinen was prevented from meeting his wife, who had traveled to Oulu specifically from Kemi. Lukkarinen was hanged on 2 October 1916 in Oulu's Kontinkangas. The body was covered in a pit dug at the base of the pine tree. After Finland became independent, Lukkarinen's reputation was restored, his grave was opened and his earthly remains officially buried in Oulu Cemetery in 1917. Today, Lukkarinen's gallow tree is located next to the current Oulu University of Applied Sciences' Department of Social and Health Care. The place is marked on the terrain. There is a fence around the supposed hanging tree with text describing the event. However, according to some estimates, the tree is not the same, but another tree would have been chosen instead.

text:
# Taavetti Lukkarinen

**Taavetti Lukkarinen** (8 November 1884 in Nilsiä – 2 October 1916 in Oulu) was a former Kemi Oy's foreman from Keminmaa, Finland, who was sentenced to death for treason after helping German prisoners of war who had fled the Kirov Railway construction site via Finnish Lapland to Sweden. He was not an actual recruiter of the Jäger Movement.

Lukkarinen was caught helping German prisoners of war on 26 December 1915 at Koivu railway station. He had hidden three of his German sledges that had been lifted on a train in Rovaniemi. Lukkarinen and three Germans were arrested. Lukkarinen managed to escape to Sweden, but returned to Finland with a forged passport due to being homesick. Fearing a train inspection at Oulu railway station, he fell off the train around Kiviniemi station. This was discovered and Lukkarinen was arrested by the Russian gendarmeries in June 1916.

Lukkarinen was kept in vicious conditions in Oulu County Prison. The death sentence was handed down by a secret VI Army Military Court. The ruling has been accused of the Finnish Governor of the Province of Oulu, Axel Fabian af Enehjelm, who allegedly, under pressure from the Russians, contributed to the fact that a rather insignificant activist was made a warning example by sentencing him to death. According to another view, af Enehjelm, known for his pro-Russianism, sought to act in such a way that Lukkarinen was not pardoned. In prison, Lukkarinen was prevented from meeting his wife, who had traveled to Oulu specifically from Kemi.

Lukkarinen was hanged on 2 October 1916 in Oulu's Kontinkangas. The body was covered in a pit dug at the base of the pine tree. After Finland became independent, Lukkarinen's reputation was restored, his grave was opened and his earthly remains officially buried in Oulu Cemetery in 1917.

Today, Lukkarinen's gallow tree is located next to the current Oulu University of Applied Sciences' Department of Social and Health Care. The place is marked on the terrain. There is a fence around the supposed hanging tree with text describing the event. However, according to some estimates, the tree is not the same, but another tree would have been chosen instead.

## Further reading

* Vainio, Väinö (1968). *Simon kahakka: jääkärien ja santarmien välinen yhteenotto Simon Maaninkajärvellä 1916* (in Finnish). Hämeenlinna: Arvi A. Karisto Osakeyhtiö.
* Wegelius, K.A. (1924). *Aseveljet I: Läntinen etappi ja Simon kahakka* (in Finnish). Porvoo: WSOY.


title: TEDMED

abstract: TEDMED is an annual conference focusing on health and medicine, with a year-round web-based community. TEDMED is an independent event operating under license from the nonprofit TED conference.

text:
# TEDMED

**TEDMED** is an annual conference focusing on health and medicine, with a year-round web-based community. TEDMED is an independent event operating under license from the nonprofit TED conference.

## Background

As of 2014, TEDMED staff operates from Stamford, Connecticut.

Talks given at TEDMED combine "the nexus of health, information and technology" with "compelling personal stories" and "a glimpse into the future of healthcare."

The intent of the conference has been described as "a gathering of geniuses" that brings together "some of the most innovative, thoughtful pioneers of healthcare technology, media, and entertainment into one big four-day 'dinner party' to learn from one another and mix people up from different disciplines and industries to solve big problems in healthcare."

## History

TEDMED was founded in 1998 by TED's founder Richard Wurman. TEDMED was inactive for a number of years, and in 2008 Wurman sold the rights to TEDMED to entrepreneur Marc Hodosh. Hodosh recreated TEDMED and launched its first conference under his guidance in San Diego in October 2009.

In January 2010, TED.com began including videos of TEDMED talks on the TED website. In October 2010, TEDMED was held in San Diego again and sold out for a second year, attracting notable healthcare leaders and Hollywood celebrities.

In 2011, Jay Walker and a group of executives and investors purchased TEDMED from Hodosh for $16 million with future additional payments of as much as $9 million. The conference was then moved to Washington, DC.

In November 2016, TEDMED was held in Palm Springs, California.

## InfoBox

TEDMED
|
|  |
| Company type | LLC |
| Founder | Marc Hodosh and Richard Saul Wurman |
| Headquarters | Stamford, Connecticut, U.S. |
| Website | www.tedmed.com |


title: TQ-11

abstract: The TQ-11 is a gas-generator cycle rocket engine burning liquid methane and liquid oxygen developed by LandSpace. It is used as the second stage vernier engine for LandSpace's ZQ-2 rocket. The engine produces 80 kilonewtons (18,000 lbf) of thrust in a vacuum.

text:
# TQ-11

The **TQ-11** (Chinese: 天鹊-11; pinyin: *Tiānquè-11*, lit. *Sky Lark 11*) is a gas-generator cycle rocket engine burning liquid methane and liquid oxygen developed by LandSpace. It is used as the second stage vernier engine for LandSpace's ZQ-2 rocket. The engine produces 80 kilonewtons (18,000 lbf) of thrust in a vacuum.

## History

LandSpace completed the first engine hot firing test for TQ-11 on November 3, 2019, and the engine passed a 1500 second test in 2020. On December 14, 2022, Zhuque-2 completed its maiden flight. The TQ-11 engines used in the rocket's second stage failed, resulting in mission failure. LandSpace planned to upgrade the second stage with one TQ-15A engine, eliminating the need for a vernier engine. The failure of TQ-11 could force LandSpace to update the second stage quicker than anticipated. In July 2023, LandSpace successfully launched its second ZQ-2 rocket, continuing to utilize TQ-11 engines for the second stage. Future flights are planned to employ the TQ-15A engines.

## InfoBox

TQ-11
| Country of origin | China |
| --- | --- |
| Manufacturer | LandSpace |
| Status | Active |
| Liquid-fuel engine | |
| Propellant | LOX / CH4 |
| Mixture ratio | 2.92 |
| Cycle | Gas-generator cycle |
| Configuration | |
| Nozzle ratio | 25.5 |
| Performance | |
| Thrust, vacuum | 80 kilonewtons (18,000 lbf) |
| Chamber pressure | 10.1 MPa (1,460 psi) |
| Specific impulse, vacuum | 337s |
| Dimensions | |
| Measurement | 1.1m |
| Diameter | 0.28m |
| Used in | |
| ZQ-2 | |
| References | |
| Notes |  |


title: Taft Bridge

abstract: The Taft Bridge is a historic bridge located in the Northwest quadrant of Washington, D.C. It carries Connecticut Avenue over the Rock Creek gorge, including Rock Creek and the Rock Creek and Potomac Parkway, connecting the neighborhoods of Woodley Park and Kalorama. It is named after former United States president and Supreme Court Chief Justice William Howard Taft, and sits to the southwest of the Duke Ellington Bridge. Four statues of lions by sculptor Roland Hinton Perry, known as the Perry Lions, are placed in pairs at both ends of the bridge. On July 3, 2003, the Taft Bridge was added to the National Register of Historic Places.

text:
# Taft Bridge

The **Taft Bridge** (also known as the **Connecticut Avenue Bridge** or **William Howard Taft Bridge**) is a historic bridge located in the Northwest quadrant of Washington, D.C. It carries Connecticut Avenue over the Rock Creek gorge, including Rock Creek and the Rock Creek and Potomac Parkway, connecting the neighborhoods of Woodley Park and Kalorama. It is named after former United States president and Supreme Court Chief Justice William Howard Taft, and sits to the southwest of the Duke Ellington Bridge.

Four statues of lions by sculptor Roland Hinton Perry, known as the Perry Lions, are placed in pairs at both ends of the bridge. On July 3, 2003, the Taft Bridge was added to the National Register of Historic Places.

## History

The Classical Revival bridge was built from 1897 to 1907. It was designed by engineer George S. Morison and architect Edward Pearce Casey. Construction was overseen by U.S. Army engineer Henry C. Newcomer. It is an arch bridge with unreinforced concrete arches and a reinforced concrete deck. The total length of the bridge is 274.5 meters (901 ft). It has been called an "engineering tour de force" and the largest unreinforced concrete structure in the world. In 1931, the bridge was renamed in honor of U.S. President William Howard Taft, who frequently walked the bridge while Chief Justice of the United States.

During early planning for the Washington Metro in the 1960s, the Red Line was slated to run across the bridge to connect Dupont Circle and Woodley Park. Instead, the metro was built underground.

Between 2010 and 2022, half of the 26 people in the District of Columbia who died as a result of suicide on bridges died on Taft Bridge. In 2023 the District Department of Transportation began planning for the installation of new safety barriers on Taft Bridge.

## Perry Lions

The bridge is "guarded" by four large male lions, two on each end of the bridge (each about 7 ft. x 6 ft. 6 in. x 13 ft.). Two of the lions rest on all fours with their heads tilted upwards and mouths slightly open while the other pair lie with their eyes closed, apparently sleeping. They were originally designed and sculpted by Roland Hinton Perry in 1906 out of cast concrete (the bridge as a whole is one of the first cast concrete bridges in the country) and were installed in 1907.

In 1964 the lions were restored and weatherproofed by Washington-based sculptor Renato Luccetti, although this restoration proved to be less than entirely successful. When a major rehabilitation of the bridge began in 1993, the lions, which were in very bad condition, were removed for further restoration. They are currently stored in the Air Rights Tunnel on southbound I-395. The sculptures were finally found to be beyond restoring.

The United States Commission of Fine Arts worked with the city in the late 1990s to oversee the production of the replacement lions that now sit on the bridge. The sculptor Reinaldo Lopez-Carrizo of Professional Restoration produced molds based on the existing sculptures and photographs, and used them to cast new concrete lion sculptures that were installed on the bridge in July and August 2000. The same molds were used to cast bronze lions installed at the main pedestrian entrance to the National Zoo farther north on Connecticut Avenue in 2002. The white lion in the lobby of the U.S. Commission of Fine Arts is a quarter-size replica from that effort.

## Bairstow Eagle Lampposts

Twenty-four lampposts are equally spaced along both sides of the Taft Bridge. Created by sculptor Ernest Bairstow in 1906, the lampposts are composed of concrete bases (about 5 feet high, 8 inches deep and four feet wide) with painted iron lampposts (about 17 feet high and 4 wide) set in them. The pedestals are decorated with garland and a fluted column featuring acanthus leaves at the top and bottom. Above the leaves is a horizontal bracket with two globes hanging from each side of the column. Each lamppost is topped with a painted iron eagle with its wings spread.

A replica of the Bairstow eagles is seen in a World War I monument in Middletown, Delaware.

## Further reading

* J. Goode, *Washington Sculpture*, The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008. ISBN 0-8018-8810-7, A cultural history of outdoor sculpture in the Nation's capital.
* Williams, Paul K., Gregory J. Alexander, & Gregory V. Alexander. *Woodley Park* Arcadia Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0-7385-1508-6

## InfoBox

| Taft Bridge | |
| --- | --- |
| Coordinates | 38°55′18″N 77°03′01″W / 38.921652°N 77.050371°W / 38.921652; -77.050371 |
| Characteristics | |
| Total length | 901 feet (275 m) |
|  | |
|  | |
| William Howard Taft Bridge | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | Connecticut Avenue, NW over Rock Creek<br>Washington, D.C. |
| Coordinates | 38°55′14″N 77°2′59″W / 38.92056°N 77.04972°W / 38.92056; -77.04972 |
| Built | 1906 |
| Architect | Edward Pearce Casey |
| Engineer | George S. Morison |
| Architectural style | Classical Revival |
| NRHP reference No. | 03000584 |
| Added to NRHP | July 3, 2003 |
|  | |
| Location | |
|  | |


title: Taekwondo at the 2007 SEA Games

abstract: Taekwondo at the 2007 SEA Games were held in the Auditorium, Wongchawalitkul University, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand

text:
# Taekwondo at the 2007 SEA Games

**Taekwondo** at the 2007 SEA Games were held in the Auditorium, Wongchawalitkul University, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand

## Medal tally

*   Host nation (Thailand)

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Thailand* | 8 | 3 | 2 | 13 |
| 2 | Vietnam | 3 | 4 | 6 | 13 |
| 3 | Malaysia | 2 | 1 | 5 | 8 |
| 4 | Philippines | 1 | 4 | 6 | 11 |
| 5 | Myanmar | 1 | 1 | 4 | 6 |
| 6 | Indonesia | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| 7 | Laos | 0 | 1 | 5 | 6 |
| 8 | Cambodia | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| Totals (8 entries) | | 16 | 16 | 31 | 63 |

## Medalists

### Men

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Finweight
–54 kg | Chutchawal Khawlaor
Thailand | Nguyễn Hữu Nhân
Vietnam | Mohamad Hafiz Kader Sultan
Malaysia |
| | | | Phouthasone Thammavong
Laos |
| Flyweight
–58 kg | Nattapong Tewawetchapong
Thailand | Outhasak Phouthavong
Laos | Lê Huỳnh Châu
Vietnam |
| | | | Carlos Jose Padilla V
Philippines |
| Bantamweight
–62 kg | Nacha Punthong
Thailand | Ryan Chong Wy Lunn
Malaysia | Nguyễn Thái Hoàng Minh
Vietnam |
| | | | Thongsavay Phommachack
Laos |
| Featherweight
–67 kg | Tshomlee Go
Philippines | Nguyễn Minh Hiếu
Vietnam | Sawatvilay Phimmasone
Laos |
| | | | Chanatha Thanaroekchai
Thailand |
| Lightweight
–72 kg | Patiwat Thiongsalap
Thailand | Daren Tubbs
Cambodia | Mangkeua Phimmasone
Laos |
| | | | Yulius Fernando
Indonesia |
| Welterweight
–78 kg | Dam Srichan
Thailand | Basuki Nugroho
Indonesia | Ernesto Juan Mendoza III
Philippines |
| | | | Zar Ni Htun
Myanmar |
| Middleweight
–84 kg | Nguyễn Trọng Cường
Vietnam | Alexander Briones
Philippines | Maung Maung Oo
Myanmar |
| | | | Wong Kai Meng
Malaysia |
| Heavyweight
+84 kg | Nguyễn Văn Hùng
Vietnam | Nopporn Tuchsabut
Thailand | Rozy Khamis
Malaysia |
| | | | Sorn Elit
Cambodia |

### Women

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Finweight
–47 kg | Buttree Puedpong
Thailand | Thiri Tint Lwin
Myanmar | Kathleen Eunice Alora
Philippines |
| | | | Phengsisavath Amphavan
Laos |
| Flyweight
–51 kg | Elaine Teo Shueh Fhern
Malaysia | Loraine Lorelie Catalan
Philippines | Chhoeun Puthearim
Cambodia |
| | | | Đỗ Thị Bích Hạnh
Vietnam |
| Bantamweight
–55 kg | Seo Soe Myar
Myanmar | Ladawan Wachiramekakun
Thailand | Hoàng Hà Giang
Vietnam |
| | | | Esther Marie Singson
Philippines |
| Featherweight
–59 kg | Nguyễn Thị Hoài Thu
Vietnam | Kirstie Alora
Philippines | Watcharaporn Dongnoi
Thailand |
| | | | May Sandar Kyaw Win
Myanmar |
| Lightweight
–63 kg | Chonnapas Premwaew
Thailand | Trịnh Kim Tường Vân
Vietnam | Veronica Domingo
Philippines |
| | | | San Ngu Wah Sue
Myanmar |
| Welterweight
–67 kg | Cassandra Haller
Thailand | Mary Antoinette Rivero
Philippines | Norfaradita Zairy
Malaysia |
| | | | Trần Thị Ngọc Trâm
Vietnam |
| Middleweight
–72 kg | Che Chew Chan
Malaysia | Bùi Thu Hiền
Vietnam | Maria Criselda Roxas
Philippines |
| Heavyweight
+72 kg | Amalia Kurniasih Palupi
Indonesia | Rapatkorn Prasopsuk
Thailand | Shu Seo Hie
Malaysia |
| | | | Vũ Âu Thuỵ Kim Linh
Vietnam |

## InfoBox

| Taekwondo
at the 2007 SEA Games | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|


title: TMEM130

abstract: Transmembrane protein 130 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM130 gene.

text:
# TMEM130

**Transmembrane protein 130** is a protein that in humans is encoded by the *TMEM130* gene.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| TMEM130 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Identifiers | | | |
| Aliases | TMEM130, transmembrane protein 130 | | |
| External IDs | MGI: 3607706; HomoloGene: 17680; GeneCards: TMEM130; OMA:TMEM130 - orthologs | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
| Orthologs  Species **Human** **Mouse**  Entrez   Ensembl   UniProt   RefSeq (mRNA)     NM\_152913
NM\_001134450
NM\_001134451   NM\_177735   RefSeq (protein)     NP\_001127922
NP\_001127923
NP\_690877   NP\_808403   Location (UCSC) Chr 7: 98.85 – 98.87 Mb Chr 5: 144.67 – 144.7 Mb  PubMed search | | | |
| Wikidata | | | |
| View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse | | | |


title: Tadeusz Góra

abstract: Tadeusz Góra was a Polish glider and fighter pilot. Born in Kraków, Austria-Hungary he was the first winner of the Lilienthal Gliding Medal in the world for his record-breaking 577.8-kilometer flight on 18 May 1938 in a PWS-101 from Bezmiechowa to Soleczniki. With the outbreak of the Second World War, he was detailed by the Soviets, but escaped. He worked in Vilnius for a while, then obtained a passport which enabled him to travel to France. When that country fell to the Germans, he fled to the UK. During the war, he flew with the Royal Air Force (RAF), serving on three Polish RAF fighter squadrons: first No. 316, later No. 306 and No. 315. In late August 1940, Góra served with the RAF's No 2 AACU before undertaking advanced training with 61 OTU at Heston. As a sgt. pilot, Góra was posted to No. 316 (Polish) Squadron, flying the Spitfire, flying his first operation on 18 November 1941, a convoy patrol. On 10 April 1942 he claimed a Focke-Wulf Fw 190 damaged, and on 3 June 1942 he claimed another Fw 190 shot down over Le Havre. In early 1943 Góra studied at the Infantry Cadet and Cavalry Academy in Scotland, and was promoted to pilot officer. On 13 May 1943 Góra destroyed a Bf 109G and on 27 August 1943 he shot down another of this type. On 4 September 1943, while escorting a USAAF formation of B-17s near Lille, he claimed a Fw 190 damaged. After the war, following research on Luftwaffe loss data, the aircraft was identified as a Bf 109 and classified as "destroyed." P/O Góra was posted to No. 316 Squadron in April 1944 flying the P-51 Mustang. From June to October 1944, he destroyed two locomotives near Bremen, and damaged a German submarine. Góra also flew 28 flights anti- V-1 “flying bombs” operations; one such bomb he destroyed on 31 July 1944. He performed his final operational flight of his tour on 22 October 1944 over Heligoland. After the end of the war, he was discharged as a flight lieutenant. He had been awarded the Silver Cross of Virtuti Militari Order, the Cross of Valour three times. Tadeusz Góra returned to Poland in 1948, as a senior instructor at the Żar Glider School near Żywiec. He died in Świdnik on 4 January 2010.

text:
# Tadeusz Góra

**Tadeusz Góra** (19 January 1918  4 January 2010) was a Polish glider and fighter pilot.

Born in Kraków, Austria-Hungary he was the first winner of the Lilienthal Gliding Medal in the world for his record-breaking 577.8-kilometer flight on 18 May 1938 in a PWS-101 from Bezmiechowa to Soleczniki (near Vilnius).

With the outbreak of the Second World War, he was detailed by the Soviets, but escaped. He worked in Vilnius for a while, then obtained a passport which enabled him to travel to France. When that country fell to the Germans, he fled to the UK.

During the war, he flew with the Royal Air Force (RAF), serving on three Polish RAF fighter squadrons: first No. 316, later No. 306 and No. 315. In late August 1940, Góra served with the RAF's No 2 AACU before undertaking advanced training with 61 OTU at Heston. As a sgt. pilot, Góra was posted to No. 316 (Polish) Squadron, flying the Spitfire, flying his first operation on 18 November 1941, a convoy patrol. On 10 April 1942 he claimed a Focke-Wulf Fw 190 damaged, and on 3 June 1942 he claimed another Fw 190 shot down over Le Havre. In early 1943 Góra studied at the Infantry Cadet and Cavalry Academy in Scotland, and was promoted to pilot officer. On 13 May 1943 Góra destroyed a Bf 109G and on 27 August 1943 he shot down another of this type. On 4 September 1943, while escorting a USAAF formation of B-17s near Lille, he claimed a Fw 190 damaged. After the war, following research on Luftwaffe loss data, the aircraft was identified as a Bf 109 and classified as "destroyed." P/O Góra was posted to No. 316 Squadron in April 1944 flying the P-51 Mustang. From June to October 1944, he destroyed two locomotives near Bremen, and damaged a German submarine. Góra also flew 28 flights anti- V-1 “flying bombs” operations; one such bomb he destroyed on 31 July 1944. He performed his final operational flight of his tour on 22 October 1944 over Heligoland.

After the end of the war, he was discharged as a flight lieutenant. He had been awarded the Silver Cross of Virtuti Militari Order, the Cross of Valour three times.

Tadeusz Góra returned to Poland in 1948, as a senior instructor at the Żar Glider School near Żywiec.

He died in Świdnik on 4 January 2010.

## InfoBox

| Tadeusz Góra | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Birth name | Tadeusz Góra |
| Born | (1918-01-19)19 January 1918
Kraków, Austria-Hungary |
| Died | 4 January 2010(2010-01-04) (aged 91)
Świdnik, Poland |
| Allegiance | Poland |
| Service/branch | Polish Air Force |
| Years of service | from 1939 |
| Battles/wars | World War II |
| Awards |

Lilienthal Gliding Medal (1938) |
| Other work | glider pilot, flight instructor |


title: Tailai County

abstract: Tailai County is a county in the west of Heilongjiang province, People's Republic of China, bordering Inner Mongolia to the west and Jilin province to the south. It is the southernmost county-level division of the prefecture-level city of Qiqihar.

text:
# Tailai County

**Tailai County** (Chinese: 泰来县; pinyin: *Tàilái Xiàn*) is a county in the west of Heilongjiang province, People's Republic of China, bordering Inner Mongolia to the west and Jilin province to the south. It is the southernmost county-level division of the prefecture-level city of Qiqihar.

## Administrative divisions

Tailai County is divided into 7 towns, 1 ethnic town and 2 ethnic townships.

7 towns 1 ethnic town 2 ethnic townships

## Demographics

The population of the district was 322,562 in 1999.

## Climate

| Climate data for Tailai (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 5.8
(42.4) | 11.4
(52.5) | 24.7
(76.5) | 33.2
(91.8) | 38.0
(100.4) | 39.9
(103.8) | 38.4
(101.1) | 36.4
(97.5) | 34.5
(94.1) | 28.4
(83.1) | 18.4
(65.1) | 6.9
(44.4) | 39.9
(103.8) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −10.3
(13.5) | −4.4
(24.1) | 4.3
(39.7) | 14.6
(58.3) | 22.3
(72.1) | 27.3
(81.1) | 28.9
(84.0) | 27.3
(81.1) | 22.0
(71.6) | 12.7
(54.9) | 0.3
(32.5) | −8.9
(16.0) | 11.3
(52.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −16.7
(1.9) | −11.3
(11.7) | −2.4
(27.7) | 8.0
(46.4) | 16.0
(60.8) | 21.6
(70.9) | 24.0
(75.2) | 22.0
(71.6) | 15.7
(60.3) | 6.4
(43.5) | −5.4
(22.3) | −14.7
(5.5) | 5.3
(41.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −21.9
(−7.4) | −17.4
(0.7) | −8.7
(16.3) | 1.3
(34.3) | 9.6
(49.3) | 16.1
(61.0) | 19.3
(66.7) | 17.2
(63.0) | 9.9
(49.8) | 0.9
(33.6) | −10.2
(13.6) | −19.5
(−3.1) | −0.3
(31.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −36.9
(−34.4) | −35.4
(−31.7) | −26.9
(−16.4) | −9.9
(14.2) | −2.4
(27.7) | 2.8
(37.0) | 8.9
(48.0) | 7.0
(44.6) | −1.3
(29.7) | −15.5
(4.1) | −25.9
(−14.6) | −33.4
(−28.1) | −36.9
(−34.4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 1.8
(0.07) | 2.2
(0.09) | 5.3
(0.21) | 17.9
(0.70) | 31.9
(1.26) | 84.4
(3.32) | 114.7
(4.52) | 86.7
(3.41) | 43.0
(1.69) | 13.1
(0.52) | 3.8
(0.15) | 4.2
(0.17) | 409
(16.11) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 2.9 | 1.9 | 3.0 | 4.3 | 7.7 | 11.6 | 12.4 | 10.3 | 7.4 | 4.1 | 3.2 | 4.7 | 73.5 |
| Average snowy days | 4.6 | 3.3 | 4.1 | 1.8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.1 | 4.5 | 6.1 | 25.5 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 63 | 54 | 45 | 41 | 46 | 61 | 72 | 72 | 63 | 54 | 57 | 64 | 58 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 189.6 | 207.9 | 253.2 | 250.8 | 270.0 | 264.0 | 255.4 | 255.2 | 247.8 | 219.0 | 178.0 | 165.3 | 2,756.2 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 67 | 71 | 68 | 61 | 58 | 56 | 54 | 59 | 67 | 66 | 64 | 62 | 63 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| Tailai County 泰来县T'ai-lai | |
| --- | --- |
| County | |
| Tailai in Qiqihar | |
| Qiqihar in Heilongjiang | |
| Coordinates: 46°23′38″N 123°25′01″E / 46.394°N 123.417°E / 46.394; 123.417 | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Heilongjiang |
| Prefecture-level city | Qiqihar |
| Area | |
| Total | 4,061 km2 (1,568 sq mi) |
| Population (2010) | |
| Total | 302,027 |
| Density | 74/km2 (190/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |


title: Table Rock Lake

abstract: Table Rock Lake is an artificial lake or reservoir in the Ozarks of southwestern Missouri and northwestern Arkansas in the United States. Designed, built and operated by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the lake is impounded by Table Rock Dam, which was constructed from 1954 to 1958 on the White River. The lake is a popular attraction for the city of Branson, Missouri, and the nearby town of Shell Knob, Missouri. There are several commercial marinas along the lake, and Table Rock State Park is located on the east side, both north and south of Table Rock Dam. Downstream from the dam, the Missouri Department of Conservation operates a fish hatchery, which is used to stock trout in Lake Taneycomo, which begins immediately downstream from the Table Rock Dam. The cold water discharged from the dam creates a trout fishing environment in the lake. The lake derives its name from a rock formation resembling a table at the small community of Table Rock, Missouri, on Highway 165 about a mile and a half downstream from where the dam was built.

text:
# Table Rock Lake

**Table Rock Lake** is an artificial lake or reservoir in the Ozarks of southwestern Missouri and northwestern Arkansas in the United States. Designed, built and operated by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the lake is impounded by **Table Rock Dam**, which was constructed from 1954 to 1958 on the White River.

The lake is a popular attraction for the city of Branson, Missouri, and the nearby town of Shell Knob, Missouri. There are several commercial marinas along the lake, and Table Rock State Park is located on the east side, both north and south of Table Rock Dam. Downstream from the dam, the Missouri Department of Conservation operates a fish hatchery, which is used to stock trout in Lake Taneycomo, which begins immediately downstream from the Table Rock Dam. The cold water discharged from the dam creates a trout fishing environment in the lake.

The lake derives its name from a rock formation resembling a table at the small community of Table Rock, Missouri, on Highway 165 about a mile and a half downstream from where the dam was built.

## Lake temperature

*The lake area temperature varies according to season*:

* Spring: 56 to 77 °F (25 °C)
* Summer: 85 to 90 °F (32 °C)
* Fall: 71 to 82 °F (28 °C)
* Winter: 42 to 47 °F (8 °C)

## Lake data

*Dam and Outlet Measurements*

* Length of dam: 6,423 feet (1,958 m)
* Length of concrete section: 1,602 feet (488 m)
* Maximum height of dam above stream bed: 252 feet (77 m)
* Concrete in dam: 1,230,000 cubic yards (940,000 m3)
* Earthen embankment: 3,320,000 cubic yards (2,540,000 m3)
* Length of spillway: 551 gross feet
* Spillway crest gates size: 45x37 feet
* Outlet conduits size: 4x9 feet

*Dam elevations above mean sea level*

* Top of dam: 947 feet (289 m)
* Spillway crest: 896 feet (273 m)

*Lake elevations above mean sea level*

* Top of flood control pool: 931 feet (284 m)
* Top of normal pool: 915 feet (279 m)

*Surface area of lake*

* Flood control pool: 52,300 acres (212 km2)
* Normal pool: 43,100 acres (174 km2)

*Maximum storage capacity*

* Flood control pool: 760,000 acre-feet (940,000,000 m3)

*Shoreline length*

* Flood control pool: 857 miles (1,379 km)
* Normal pool: 745 miles (1,199 km)

*Other*

* Power drawdown and dead: 2,702,000
* Lake total: 3,462,000

*Power generating data*

* Number of generating units: 4
* Rated capacity for each unit: 50 megawatts
* Station installed capacity: 200 megawatts

## Flood control

### Construction

The original purpose of the reservoir was flood control on the White River, receiving congressional authorization under the Flood Control Act of 1941. Table Rock Dam, constructed from 1954 to 1958 at a cost of $65 million, confines Table Rock Lake and generates hydroelectric power. The reservoir has a fluctuation of 16 feet (4.9 m). When the reservoir is above the maximum flood pool, excess water goes over the auxiliary overflow spillway at the north end of the dam.

### 2005 Dam Safety Project

Table Rock Dam’s spillway capacity was evaluated as a result of a dam safety program in the 1990s. Using improved weather data and more modern technology and safety requirements, engineers determined that the lake would rise ten feet higher during the worst-case flood than previously calculated. An event of this magnitude would overtop the earthen embankment and destroy Table Rock Dam with catastrophic losses in downstream areas, including Branson. After considering several options and gathering considerable public input, an auxiliary spillway was determined to be the best solution. The auxiliary spillway was completed in 2005 at a cost of approximately $65,000,000.

Summary of projections:

* At elevation 931 Table Rock Lake is at full flood capacity or flood pool. Water may begin to splash over the top of the closed Tainter gates and some of them usually begin to be slightly opened to accommodate additional lake inflow from the White River Basin including the James River and Beaver Lake discharge. If the Tainter Gates are not opened to release water via the dam spillway, water from the lake will begin to spill over those closed gates by approximately 933 feet.
* At elevation 937 Table Rock Lake is 6 feet above flood capacity. All ten Tainter gates are opened wider in an effort to stabilize reservoir rise. Outflow from the Lake under these circumstances will be nearing 200-300 thousand cubic feet per second (CFS).
* At elevation 942 Table Rock Lake is 11 feet above flood capacity and at its "design pool", or the maximum elevation that the reservoir is engineered to reach, under "probable maximum flood" scenarios. The dam’s ten Tainter gates will be fully raised to their maximum height of approximately 30 feet, releasing 550 thousand CFS into Lake Taneycomo. This scenario would effectively submerge and destroy the powerhouse, power transmission grid, hatchery, and wreak serious destruction downstream.
* At elevation 947 Table Rock Dam would be at its maximum capacity and water would be at the very top of the dam. The auxiliary spillway would be brought online, in concert with Table Rock’s fully opened floodgates. This catastrophic or "last resort" protocol releases 1 million CFS of into Taneycomo and deals dreadful destruction to Branson, Hollister, Point Lookout and possibly the Powersite Dam. At this point there is a danger of water overtopping the concrete dam and breaching the earthen structure, which imminently leads to cataclysmic structural failure and the uncontrolled release of the Table Rock Lake impoundment—nearly 3 million CFS of water.

### Historic Levels

Table Rock Lake has a record crest of 935.47 feet, which occurred on April 27, 2011.

In December 2015, the dam released 72,001 CFS at its peak. This is the highest amount ever released.

## Facilities and State Park

Sixteen public campgrounds are located around Table Rock Lake.  Campgrounds are managed by several different agencies and campsites range from full-hookup to non-electric tent sites For details about each of the US Army Corps of Engineers parks, check out Recreation.gov.

The US Army Corps of Engineers Dewey Short Visitor Center is located 6 miles west of US Hwy 65 on Missouri State Hwy 165 at the south end of Table Rock Dam.

The visitor center has exhibits about the White River Watershed, local habitats, Table Rock Dam, and the US Army Corps of Engineers as well as several interactive exhibits including maps, power generation and water safety. It also features an overlook which allows visitors to view Table Rock Lake, the dam, and Lake Taneycomo from one viewing deck. The center shows a 20 minute film entitled, "Taming of the Riviera Blanche". This film is an introduction to the Table Rock Lake/White River area and details the construction and purpose of Table Rock Dam.

The visitor center features a public-use dock, picnic areas, fishing, a lakeshore trail.

Table Rock State Park provides public access to the lake. Six miles from Branson and located just south of the dam and outlet, facilities include a boat launch and full service marina (including cafe, boat rental and scuba dive shop), campground (including full RV hookups and a yurt), fishing access, swimming access (no beach), picnic area, amphitheater, hiking and mountain bike trails, and dump station.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Table Rock Lake | |
| --- | --- |
| An aerial photo of Table Rock Dam, completed in 1958, in Branson, Missouri, which impounds the White River and forms Table Rock Lake | |
| Table Rock LakeTable Rock Lake | |
| Location | Missouri / Arkansas |
| Coordinates | 36°34′00″N 93°18′0″W / 36.56667°N 93.30000°W / 36.56667; -93.30000 |
| Type | reservoir |
| Primary inflows | White River, James River, Kings River |
| Primary outflows | White River |
| Basin countries | United States |
|  | |
| Surface area | 43,100 acres (174 km2) |
| Max. depth | 220 ft (67 m) |
| Water volume | 3,462,000 acre⋅ft (4.270 km3) |
| Shore length1 | Flood pool: 857 mi (1,379 km) Normal pool: 745 mi (1,199 km) |
| Surface elevation | 915 ft (279 m) |
|  | |
| Settlements | Branson, MissouriShell Knob, MissouriCape Fair, MissouriHollister, Missouri |
| 1 Shore length is not a well-defined measure. | |


title: Taishi Nakagawa (baseball)

abstract: Taishi Nakagawa is a professional Japanese baseball player. He plays infielder for the Yokohama DeNA BayStars. Between 2009 and 2017 he played for the Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles.

text:
# Taishi Nakagawa (baseball)

**Taishi Nakagawa** (中川 大志, *Nakagawa Taishi*, born June 8, 1990 in Toyohashi, Aichi, Japan) is a professional Japanese baseball player. He plays infielder for the Yokohama DeNA BayStars. Between 2009 and 2017 he played for the Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles.

## InfoBox

| Taishi Nakagawa | |
| --- | --- |
| Nakagawa with the Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles | |
| **Infielder** | |
| **Born:**  (1990-06-08) June 8, 1990
Toyohashi, Aichi, Japan | |
| **Bats:** Right**Throws:** Right | |
| NPB debut | |
| September 22, 2010, for the Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles | |
| Career statistics
(through 2019 season) | |
| Batting average | .204 |
| Home runs | 9 |
| Runs batted in | 52 |
|  | |
| Teams | |
|  | |


title: Take Me to Your Leader (Hawkwind album)

abstract: Take Me to Your Leader is the twenty fourth studio album by UK rock group Hawkwind. Released in 2005, it was their first studio album in five years. It featured guest appearances by Arthur Brown, Lene Lovich, the television presenter Matthew Wright and past member Lemmy. The first 2000 copies came with a DVD containing interviews with band members and some live and "behind the scenes" footage.

text:
# Take Me to Your Leader (Hawkwind album)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic |  |
| *The Encyclopedia of Popular Music* |  |

***Take Me to Your Leader*** is the twenty fourth studio album by UK rock group Hawkwind. Released in 2005, it was their first studio album in five years. It featured guest appearances by Arthur Brown, Lene Lovich, the television presenter Matthew Wright and past member Lemmy. The first 2000 copies came with a DVD containing interviews with band members and some live and "behind the scenes" footage .

## Track listing

### CD

1. "Spirit of the Age" (Brock, Calvert) – 6:43
2. "Out Here We Are" (Davey) – 5:56
3. "Greenback Massacre" (Davey) – 4:14
4. "To Love a Machine" (Brock) – 6:00
5. "Take Me to Your Leader" (Brock, Chadwick, Davey) – 5:50
6. "Digital Nation" (Chadwick) – 5:25
7. "Sunray" (Brown) – 3:55
8. "Sighs" (Brock, Davey) – 1:22
9. "Angela Android" (Brock, Chadwick) – 5:08
10. "A Letter to Robert" (Brock, Brown, Chadwick) – 6:08

### Bonus DVD

1. Interview With Dave Brock
2. Interview With Alan Davey
3. Interview With Richard Chadwick
4. "Spirit of the Age" – Promo
5. "Silver Machine" – Ruisrock Festival, Finland, 10 July 2004
6. "The Right to Decide" – Live 1992
7. "Spirit of the Age" – Live 2004
8. "Psychedelic Warriors" – Live 2004

## Personnel

Hawkwind with

## Charts

| Chart (2005) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| UK Independent Albums (OCC) | 32 |
| UK Rock & Metal Albums (OCC) | 22 |

## InfoBox

| Take Me to Your Leader | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Hawkwind | |
| Released | 12 September 2005 |
| Genre | Space rock |
| Length | 50:00 |
| Label | Voiceprint |
| Producer | Dave Brock |
| Hawkwind chronology | |
| *Spaced Out in London*
(2004) ***Take Me to Your Leader***
(2005) *Take Me to Your Future*
(2006) | |


title: Tales from Beyond

abstract: Tales from Beyond is a horror anthology featuring four short stories as told to a couple who wander into a strange bookstore.

text:
# Tales from Beyond

***Tales from Beyond*** is a horror anthology featuring four short stories as told to a couple who wander into a strange bookstore.

## InfoBox

| Tales from Beyond | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Josh Austin
Nate Barlow
Eric Manning
Russell Scott |
| Written by | Josh Austin
Nate Barlow
Eric Manning
Russell Scott |
| Produced by | Josh Austin
Nate Barlow
Eric Manning
Russell Scott |
| Starring | Adam West |
| Distributed by | Anthem Pictures (US) |
| Release date | * September 9, 2004 (2004-09-09) (Temecula Valley International Film Festival) |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
| Budget | $250,000 |


title: Talamanca hummingbird

abstract: The Talamanca hummingbird or admirable hummingbird is a species of hummingbird in the "mountain gems", tribe Lampornithini in subfamily Trochilinae. It is found in Costa Rica and Panama.

text:
# Talamanca hummingbird

The **Talamanca hummingbird** or **admirable hummingbird** (***Eugenes spectabilis***) is a species of hummingbird in the "mountain gems", tribe Lampornithini in subfamily Trochilinae. It is found in Costa Rica and Panama.

## Taxonomy and systematics

What is now the Talamanca hummingbird *Eugenes spectabilis* was originally described as a subspecies of the magnificent hummingbird (*E. fulgens*). Beginning in 2017 the North American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society (NACC), the International Ornithological Committee (IOC), and the Clements taxonomy split the magnificent hummingbird into the Talamanca hummingbird and Rivoli's hummingbird. The latter retained the binomial *E. fulgens* because of the principle of priority. However, as of 2020, BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World (HBW) retains the single species "magnificent" hummingbird treatment with two subspecies.

The Talamanca hummingbird is monotypic.

## Description

The Talamanca hummingbird is about 13 cm (5.1 in) long. Males weigh about 10 g (0.35 oz) and females 8.5 g (0.30 oz). Both sexes have a long straight black bill and a small white spot behind the eye.

Adult males have a dull black forehead with a dark green gloss, a metallic violet blue to purple crown, and a dull black nape and upper back. Much of the rest of the face is dark green, and the lores are a deep black. The rest of the upperparts and the tail are bronzy green to golden green; the tail feathers sometimes have grayish tips. The chin and gorget are metallic bluish green. The breast and belly are dark bronzy green, on the belly mixed with brownish gray. The undertail coverts are dull bronzy green with pale buff edges.

Adult females do not have the iridescent crown and gorget of the male. Their upperparts are dull dark green and most of the face is sooty black. The two innermost pairs of tail feathers are also dull dark green and the three outer pairs bronzy green with a black band near the end and brownish gray tips. The throat is brownish gray with buff tips to the feathers, the flanks dark green, and the breast, belly, and undertail coverts dull brownish gray with a dull green wash.

Immature birds are similar to the adult female, but have darker brown underparts with a dull buff scaly appearance. The upperparts' feathers, especially those of the crown and neck, have buffy fringes.

## Distribution and habitat

The Talamanca hummingbird is found in mountains from central Costa Rica into western Panama. In Costa Rica it occurs in the Cordillera Central and Cordillera de Talamanca and in Panama only in the Volcán Barú massif of Chiriquí Province. It inhabits oak forests and is partial to the forest's edges and clearings, and also is found in nearby secondary forest. In Costa Rica it occurs from 2,000 m (6,600 ft) up to treeline but is most common above 2,500 m (8,200 ft) and is occasionally found as low as 1,850 m (6,100 ft). In Panama it occurs between 2,000 and 2,400 m (6,600 and 7,900 ft).

## Behavior

### Movement

The Talamanca hummingbird is generally sedentary, but some individuals move to lower elevations in what might be a regular migration.

### Feeding

Talamanca hummingbirds feed on nectar from a variety of flowering plants, though the full list of sources has not been defined. Males defend flower patches in the lower storeys of the forest and sometimes also feed in the canopy. Females forage by trap-lining, visiting a circuit of flowering plants. The species probably also feeds on small arthropods though details are lacking; the closely related Rivoli's hummingbird captures them in mid-air or by gleaning from vegetation while hovering.

### Breeding

The Talamanca hummingbird's breeding season in Costa Rica spans from November to March; it has not been defined in Panama. It builds a cup nest of plant down and other fine fibers and covers the outside with moss and lichens. The nest is typically placed at the tip of a dangling bamboo stem between 1.5 and 3 m (5 and 10 ft) above the ground. The incubation period is not known; the time from hatch to fledging is at least 25 days.

### Vocalization

The Talamanca hummingbird's song is "a soft, low-pitched song of burbling, scratchy, buzzy notes." It makes "a rapid stream of high, clear, liquid chips" during aggressive encounters. Another call is "a rather guttural, rolling *nrrt* or *drrk*."

## Status

The IUCN follows HBW taxonomy and so treats Rivoli's and Talamanca hummingbirds as a single species assessed as being of Least Concern. As a whole it has a large range and an apparently stable population, though the population size is not known. The Talamanca hummingbird is considered fairly common throughout its range. However, it "is vulnerable to habitat loss and degradation, although ample forest remains in the Cordillera de Talamanca."

## InfoBox

| Talamanca hummingbird | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Male | |
|  | |
| Female | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)(See Status section) | |
| CITES Appendix II (CITES) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| *Clade*: | Strisores |
| Order: | Apodiformes |
| Family: | Trochilidae |
| Genus: | *Eugenes* |
| Species: | ***E. spectabilis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eugenes spectabilis***
(Lawrence, 1867) | |
|
|  | |
| Synonyms | |
| * *Eugenes fulgens subsp. spectabilis*  (Lawrence, 1867) * *Heliomaster spectabilis*  Lawrence, 1867 | |


title: Talamanca (canton)

abstract: Talamanca is a canton in the Limón province of Costa Rica. The head city is Bribri, located in Bratsi district.

text:
# Talamanca (canton)

**Talamanca** is a canton in the Limón province of Costa Rica. The head city is Bribri, located in Bratsi district.

## History

Talamanca was created on 20 May 1969 by decree 4339.

## Geography

Talamanca has an area of 2,809.93 km2 and a mean elevation of 29 metres.

The county is noted for its beautiful beaches, especially in Cahuita and Puerto Viejo, which are popular tourist locations.

Talamanca contains one of Costa Rica's three official border-crossing points with Panamá, the Sixaola-Guabito crossing.

## Districts

The canton of Talamanca is subdivided into the following districts:

1. Bratsi
2. Sixaola
3. Cahuita
4. Telire

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1973 | 5,431 |  |
| 1984 | 11,013 | +6.64% |
| 2000 | 25,857 | +5.48% |
| 2011 | 30,712 | +1.58% |
| 2022 | 48,906 | +4.32% |
| Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos
Centro Centroamericano de Población | | |

For the 2011 census, Talamanca had a population of 30,712 inhabitants.

The county suffers from pervasive poverty. As of 2009, its human-development index is the lowest-ranked of all Costa Rican cantons. While its most recent infant mortality rate is 12.89% (2009), it was as high as 22.5% (2003), and stayed above 15% between 2003 and 2007. As of 2010, 52.3% of Talamanca inhabitants have access to sanitation (either piped or septic tank), and 75.2% are connected to electricity.

The county is composed of four districts (see graphic below), with its capital city, Bribrí, located in the Bratsi district. Talamanca houses the largest indigenous population in the country (at 11,062, or 34% of the county's population), which is composed principally of the Bribri and Cabécar groups (who in turn represent two of Costa Rica's eight distinct indigenous groups). 31% of the district covers Talamanca's four indigenous reserves (Kekoldi, Talamanca Bribrí, Talamanca Cabécar, and Telire);

## Transportation

### Road transportation

The canton is covered by the following road routes:

## Conservation

Eighty-eight percent of Talamanca's territory is protected. Fifty-five percent of this land falls under the Chirripó, Amistad, and Cahuita National Parks; and 2% belongs to the Jairo Mora Sandoval Gandoca-Manzanillo Mixed Wildlife Refuge (a major sea turtle nesting ground).

In defense of these areas, for example, on July 27, 2011, the Ministerio de Ambiente, Energía y Telecomunicaciones (Minaet) carried out the demolition of two hotels (Las Palmas and Suerre), due to their occupation of 4 hectares of land within the Jairo Mora Sandoval Gandoca-Manzanillo Mixed Wildlife Refuge.

## InfoBox

| Talamanca | |
| --- | --- |
| Canton | |
|  | |
| Talamanca canton | |
| TalamancaTalamanca canton location in Costa Rica | |
| Coordinates: 9°25′07″N 83°01′12″W / 9.4186631°N 83.0200471°W / 9.4186631; -83.0200471 | |
| Country | Costa Rica |
| Province | Limón |
| Creation | 20 May 1969 |
| Head city | Bribri |
| Districts | Districts |
| Government | |
| Type | Municipality |
| Body | *Municipalidad de Talamanca* |
| Area | |
| Total | 2,809.93 km2 (1,084.92 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 29 m (95 ft) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 30,712 |
| Density | 11/km2 (28/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC−06:00 |
| Canton code | 704 |


title: Bakhtiari Dam

abstract: The Bakhtiari Dam is an arch dam currently under construction on the Bakhtiari River within the Zagros Mountains on the border of Lorestan and Khuzestan Provinces, Iran. At a planned height of 325 metres (1,066 ft), it will be the world's tallest dam once completed and withhold the second largest reservoir in Iran after the Karkheh reservoir. The main purpose of the dam is hydroelectric power production and it will support a 1,500 MW power station. By trapping sediment, the dam is also expected to extend the life of the Dez Dam 50 km (31 mi) downstream.

text:
# Bakhtiari Dam

The **Bakhtiari Dam** is an arch dam currently under construction on the Bakhtiari River within the Zagros Mountains on the border of Lorestan and Khuzestan Provinces, Iran. At a planned height of 325 metres (1,066 ft), it will be the world's tallest dam once completed and withhold the second largest reservoir in Iran after the Karkheh reservoir. The main purpose of the dam is hydroelectric power production and it will support a 1,500 MW power station. By trapping sediment, the dam is also expected to extend the life of the Dez Dam 50 km (31 mi) downstream.

## Background

Preliminary studies for the dam began in 1996 and were carried out by Mahab Qods Consulting Engineers. The studies were carried out over a period of 33 months and in March 2000, the results were given to Iran Water & Power Resources Development Co (IWPCO). In May 2005, IWPCO awarded consultation services for the project to Moshanir Consulting Engineers, Dezab Consulting Engineers, Econo-Electrowatt/Boyri and Stucky Pars Consulting Engineers. On April 30, 2007 the $2 billion construction contract, to be funded with direct investment from China, was awarded to China's Sinohydro Corporation. Sinohydro signed the 118-month contract on March 15, 2011 and was expected to be working with Iran's Farab. But the Iranian government rejected Sinohydro's bid in late May 2012 and handed the project over to Khatam-al-Anbiya (KAA), which is controlled by the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps. The KAA commander announced on 19 December 2012 that construction of the dam had begun with access roads leading to the project site. On 25 March 2013, Iranian President Mahmood Ahmadinejad attended a groundbreaking ceremony for the dam, initiating its construction.

## Construction

During construction, a total of six bridges will be built to support workers, vehicles and equipment in addition to various access roads. To divert the river, two tunnels, 1,151 m (3,776 ft) and 1,180 m (3,871 ft) in length will be constructed at the dam's left abutment. They will have discharge capacities of 2,090 m3/s (73,808 cu ft/s) and 1,680 m3/s (59,329 cu ft/s) respectively. To divert the water, two roller-compacted concrete cofferdams will be constructed. The upstream cofferdam will be 51 m (167 ft) high and the downstream 25 m (82 ft). Material to construct the dam including aggregate will come from the actual excavation of the dam site along with three quarries in the area.

## Design

The Bakhtiari will be a 325 m (1,066 ft) tall and 434 m (1,424 ft) long variable-radius arch dam. It will be 10 m (33 ft) wide at its crest and 30 m (98 ft) wide at its base while being composed of 3,100,000 m3 (109,475,467 cu ft) of concrete. The dam's reservoir will have a normal capacity of 4,845,000,000 m3 (3,927,905 acre⋅ft) and an active or "useful" capacity of 3,070,000,000 m3 (2,488,890 acre⋅ft). At a normal elevation of 830 m (2,723 ft) above sea level, the reservoir will have a surface area of 58.7 km2 (23 sq mi), maximum width of 1 km (1 mi) and length of 59 km (37 mi). Its catchment area will be 6,288 km2 (2,428 sq mi).

The dam will contain two spillways. The main service spillway will be an 11 m (36 ft) diameter tunnel in the right abutment with two flood gates. The discharge capacity of this spillway will be 5,830 m3/s (205,885 cu ft/s). The second spillway will be two radial gates on the dam's orifice with a discharge capacity of 1,510 m3/s (53,325 cu ft/s). The dam's powerhouse will be located underground at the left abutment. It will be 161 m (528 ft) long, 64 m (210 ft) high and 24 m (79 ft) wide; containing 6 x 250 MW vertical Francis turbine-generators. Before reaching the power station, water will be transferred by six 51 m (167 ft) long penstocks. Feeding water to the penstocks is a 504 m (1,654 ft) long headrace tunnel with a three gate intake structure.

## InfoBox

| Bakhtiari Dam | |
| --- | --- |
| Location of Bakhtiari Dam in Iran | |
| Country | Iran |
| Location | Aligudarz County, Lorestan |
| Coordinates | 32°57′27″N 48°45′45″E / 32.95750°N 48.76250°E / 32.95750; 48.76250 |
| Status | Under construction |
| Construction began | 25 March 2013 |
| Opening date | Unknown |
| Construction cost | $2 billion USD |
| Dam and spillways | |
| Type of dam | Arch |
| Impounds | Bakhtiari River |
| Height | 325 m (1,066 ft) |
| Length | 434 m (1,424 ft) |
| Width (crest) | 10 m (33 ft) |
| Width (base) | 30 m (98 ft) |
| Dam volume | 3,100,000 m3 (109,475,467 cu ft) |
| Spillway type | Service, gate-controlled |
| Spillway capacity | 5,830 m3/s (205,885 cu ft/s) |
| Reservoir | |
| Creates | Bakhtiari Reservoir |
| Total capacity | 4,845,000,000 m3 (3,927,905 acre⋅ft) |
| Catchment area | 6,288 km2 (2,428 sq mi) |
| Surface area | 58.7 km2 (23 sq mi) |
| Power Station | |
| Hydraulic head | 289 m (948 ft) (max.) |
| Turbines | 6 × 250 MW Francis type |
| Installed capacity | 1,500 MW |
| Annual generation | 3 billion kWh (est.) |
| **Website**
en.iwpco.ir/Bakhtiari/ | |


title: Tamao

abstract:
Tamao Nakamura Tamao is a feminine Japanese given name. Notable people with the name include:
  - Tamao Nakamura, Japanese actress
  - Tamao Satō, Japanese actress and voice actress
  - Tamao Shiwaku, Japanese runner
  - Tamao Yoshida, Japanese puppeteer
  - Tamao Akae, Japanese freelance announcer

text:
# Tamao

**Tamao** (written: 玉緒, 玉男 or 珠緒) is a feminine Japanese given name. Notable people with the name include:

* Tamao Nakamura (中村 玉緒, born 1939), Japanese actress
* Tamao Satō (さとう 珠緒, born 1973), Japanese actress and voice actress
* Tamao Shiwaku (塩飽 玉男, 1906–1990), Japanese runner
* Tamao Yoshida (吉田 玉男, 1919–2006), Japanese puppeteer
* Tamao Akae (赤江 珠緒, born 1975), Japanese freelance announcer

## Fictional characters

* 31061 Tamao, an asteroid discovered on October 10, 1996
* Tamão, 16th century Portuguese settlement in today's Hong Kong


title: Tales of the World: Radiant Mythology 2

abstract: Tales of the World: Radiant Mythology 2 is the fifth entry in the Tales of the World series, and the second entry in the Radiant Mythology series. Tales of the World: Radiant Mythology 2's characteristic genre name is RPG For Your Sake. Like other games in the series, it features a group of characters from various Tales games. Fifty characters from the series make an appearance. The theme song, flyaway, is performed by Back-On. It was released exclusively in Japan on January 29, 2009.

text:
# Tales of the World: Radiant Mythology 2

***Tales of the World: Radiant Mythology 2*** (テイルズオブザワールド レディアントマイソロジー2, *Teiruzu Obu Za Wārudo Redianto Maisorojī 2*) is the fifth entry in the *Tales of the World* series, and the second entry in the *Radiant Mythology* series. *Tales of the World: Radiant Mythology 2's* characteristic genre name is ***RPG For Your Sake*** (君のためのRPG, *Kimi no tame no RPG*). Like other games in the series, it features a group of characters from various *Tales* games. Fifty characters from the series make an appearance. The theme song, *flyaway*, is performed by Back-On. It was released exclusively in Japan on January 29, 2009.

## Characters

### Original Characters

* Kanonno Earhart
* Panille
* Shoh Corron
* Niata
* Janis
* Goede
* Genesis Llobrera

### Series Characters

Characters marked in **BOLD** are new to Tales of the World: Radiant Mythology 2

**Tales of Phantasia**

* **Cress Albane**
* **Mint Adenade**
* Chester Burklight
* Arche Klein
* **Suzu Fujibayashi**

**Tales of Destiny**

* Stahn Aileron
* Rutee Katrea
* Leon Magnus
* Philia Felice
* Woodrow Kelvin
* **Mighty Kongman**
* **Lilith Aileron**

**Tales of Eternia**

* Reid Hershel
* **Farah Oersted**
* **Keele Zeibel**
* **Chat**
* **Celsius**

**Tales of Destiny 2**

* **Kyle Dunamis**
* **Reala**
* Nanaly Fletch
* Harold Berselius

**Tales of Symphonia**

* Lloyd Irving
* **Colette Brunel**
* Kratos Aurion
* Genis Sage
* Raine Sage
* **Presea Combatir**
* **Zelos Wilder**

**Tales of Rebirth**

* **Veigue Lungberg**
* **Mao Orselg**
* Eugene Gallardo
* Annie Barrs

**Tales of Legendia**

* Senel Coolidge
* **Chloe Valens**

**Tales of the Abyss**

* Luke fon Fabre
* Tear Grants
* **Guy Cecil**
* **Jade Curtiss**
* **Anise Tatlin**
* **Asch**

**Tales of the Tempest**

* **Caius Qualls**
* **Rubia Natwick**

**Tales of Innocence**

* **Ruca Milda**
* **Illia Animi**
* **Spada Belforma**

**Tales of Vesperia**

* **Yuri Lowell**
* **Estellise Sidos Heurassein**

### Character Classes

Those marked in **BOLD** are new to Tales of the World: Radiant Mythology 2.

* Warrior - Has high physical strength and excels in close-range combat.
* Thief - Uses quick dagger attacks, giving enemies little chance to counter.
* Mage - Uses offensive magic spells for dealing damage.
* Priest - Specializes in healing and support magic.
* Swordsman - Has a variety of strong and quick sword attacks.
* Fighter - Uses fast and power attacks based on martial arts.
* Hunter - Excels in attacking enemies from a distance with a bow.
* Ninja - Utilizes quickness and trickery to defeat enemies.
* Bishop - Uses stronger offensive spells with some healing/support magic.
* Magic Knight - Adept at both physical attacks and magic spells.
* **Dual Swordsman** \- Uses two swords to increase close-range damage and attack speed.
* **Great Swordsman** \- Uses one, large sword. Slow, but extremely powerful.
* **Pirate** \- Adept at both close and ranged combat with a dagger and pistol.
* **Monk** \- A Stronger version of the Fighter that uses healing spells.
* **Paladin** \- Also uses a large sword, but has healing spells.

## Reception

On release, *Famitsu* magazine scored the game a 32 out of 40.

*Radiant Mythology 2* ranked first in sales between January 26 and February 22 of 2009 at 288,860 copies sold. By the end of 2009, *Radiant Mythology 2* sold a total of 339,523 copies and was the 25th best-selling game in Japan of 2009.

## InfoBox

| Tales of the World: Radiant Mythology 2 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Developer(s) | Alfa System |
| Publisher(s) | Namco Bandai Games |
| Series | *Tales* |
| Platform(s) | PlayStation Portable |
| Release | * JP: January 29, 2009 |
| Genre(s) | Action RPG |
| Mode(s) | Single-player |


title: Tallija River

abstract: The Tallija River is a river of Bolivia.

text:
# Tallija River

The **Tallija River** is a river of Bolivia.

* Rand McNally, The New International Atlas, 1993.

17°30′19″S 66°48′58″W / 17.5053°S 66.8161°W / -17.5053; -66.8161

## InfoBox

| Tallija River | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | |
| Country | Bolivia |
| Physical characteristics | |
|  | |
| Source |  |
| location | Amazon River |
| elevation | 3,374 m (11,070 ft) |
|  | |
| Mouth |  |
| location | Leque River |
| elevation | 4,262 m (13,983 ft) |
| Length | 24 km (15 mi) |


title: Talli Kodukula Anubandham

abstract: Talli Kodukula Anubandham is a Telugu film released in 1982, starring Krishnam Raju, Jaya Pradha, K. R. Vijaya, Jaggayya, Kaikala Satyanarayana and others. The film was remade in Kannada as Chinnadantha Maga (1983), with Vishnuvardhan.

text:
# Talli Kodukula Anubandham

**Talli Kodukula Anubandham** (transl.Mother-son bonding) is a Telugu film released in 1982, starring Krishnam Raju, Jaya Pradha, K. R. Vijaya, Jaggayya, Kaikala Satyanarayana and others. The film was remade in Kannada as *Chinnadantha Maga* (1983), with Vishnuvardhan.

## Cast

## InfoBox

| Talli Kodukula Anubandham | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | K. S. R. Das |
| Written by | Cheruva Anjaneya Shastri (Story)
Jandhyala (Dialogues) |
| Screenplay by | Adurthi Narasimha Murthy |
| Produced by | R. M. Subramanyam |
| Starring | Krishnam Raju
Jaya Pradha
K. R. Vijaya
Jaggayya
Kaikala Satyanarayana |
| Cinematography | S. S. Lal |
| Edited by | Sambashiva Rao |
| Music by | Satyam |
| Production
company | Sri Umayambikai Combines |
| Release date | * 18 December 1981 (1981-12-18) |
| Country | India |
| Language | Telugu |


title: Talmat, Boumerdès

abstract: Talmat is a village in the Boumerdès Province in Kabylie, Algeria.

text:
# Talmat, Boumerdès

**Talmat** is a village in the Boumerdès Province in Kabylie, Algeria.

## Location

The village is surrounded by Meraldene River, Isser River and Boumerdès River and the towns of Beni Amrane and Thénia in the *Khachna* mountain range.

## Notable people

## InfoBox

| Talmat | |
| --- | --- |
| Motto: تالمات | |
| Coordinates: 36°37′57″N 3°30′37″E / 36.6325964°N 3.5103213°E / 36.6325964; 3.5103213 | |
| Commune | Beni Amrane |
| District | Thénia District |
| Province | Boumerdès Province |
| Region | Kabylie |
| Country | Algeria Algeria |
| Area | |
| Total | 4 km2 (2 sq mi) |
| Dimensions | |
| Length | 2 km (1 mi) |
| Width | 2 km (1 mi) |
| Elevation | 530 m (1,740 ft) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 |
| Area code | 35006 |


title: Tanner Island

abstract: Tanner Island is the westernmost and largest of the Pickersgill Islands, rising to 145m off the south coast of South Georgia. Named by United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) for Dr. P. W. G. Tanner, a British Antarctic Survey (BAS) geologist who worked on the island during the 1975-76 field season.

text:
# Tanner Island

**Tanner Island** (54°38′S 36°46′W / 54.633°S 36.767°W / -54.633; -36.767) is the westernmost and largest of the Pickersgill Islands, rising to 145m off the south coast of South Georgia. Named by United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) for Dr. P. W. G. Tanner, a British Antarctic Survey (BAS) geologist who worked on the island during the 1975-76 field season.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Tanner Island". *Geographic Names Information System*. United States Geological Survey.


title: Wörsbach (Emsbach)

abstract: Wörsbach is a river of Hesse, Germany. It passes through Idstein, and flows into the Emsbach near Niederbrechen.

text:
# Wörsbach (Emsbach)

**Wörsbach** is a river of Hesse, Germany. It passes through Idstein, and flows into the Emsbach near Niederbrechen.

## InfoBox

| Wörsbach | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Hesse |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Mouth |  |
| location | Emsbach |
| coordinates | 50°21′45″N 8°09′07″E / 50.3625°N 8.1520°E / 50.3625; 8.1520 |
| Length | 24.4 km (15.2 mi) |
| Basin features | |
| Progression | EmsbachLahnRhineNorth Sea |


title: San Isidro Partido

abstract: San Isidro is an affluent partido of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina found in the north of Greater Buenos Aires. Its capital is the city of San Isidro. It is 21 km (13 mi) from the city of Buenos Aires. The founder of San Isidro was Domingo de Acassuso, who built a cathedral in 1706 dedicated to San Isidro Labrador, having seen him in a dream. Other towns in the municipality are Acassuso, Beccar, Boulougne, Martínez, and Villa Adelina. The area of the partido is 51.44 km⁲ (19.9 sq mi). In 2010 there were 291,608 inhabitants. San Isidro borders on the partidos of Tigre, Vicente López, San Martín and San Fernando.

text:
# San Isidro Partido

**San Isidro** is an affluent partido of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina found in the north of Greater Buenos Aires. Its capital is the city of San Isidro. It is 21 km (13 mi) from the city of Buenos Aires.

The founder of San Isidro was Domingo de Acassuso, who built a cathedral in 1706 dedicated to San Isidro Labrador, having seen him in a dream. Other towns in the municipality are Acassuso, Beccar, Boulougne, Martínez, and Villa Adelina.

The area of the partido is 51.44 km2 (19.9 sq mi). In 2010 there were 291,608 inhabitants. San Isidro borders on the partidos of Tigre, Vicente López, San Martín and San Fernando.

## Districts

## Cathedral

The San Isidro cathedral (*Catedral de San Isidro* in Spanish) was completed on July 14, 1898. Constructed in Neo-Gothic style, it stands 68 m (223 ft) tall. It is located opposite Plaza Mitre in San Isidro's historic quarter.

## Sports

### Football

San Isidro is home to Club Atlético Acassuso, a football club that currently plays in the regionalised 3rd Division.

### Horse racing

San Isidro is home to a historically prominent Jockey Club, that runs San Isidro's world-class race track, the Hipódromo de San Isidro.

### Rugby

San Isidro is the national capital of Rugby and home to two of the most important rugby clubs in the country - SIC (San Isidro Club) and CASI (Club Atlético San Isidro).

### Sailing

There are a number of sailing clubs on the Río de la Plata.

## InfoBox

| San Isidro Partido de San Isidro | |
| --- | --- |
| Department | |
|  | |
| location of San Isidro Partido in Gran Buenos Aires | |
| Coordinates: 34°28′S 58°30′W / 34.467°S 58.500°W / -34.467; -58.500 | |
| Country | Argentina |
| Established | 1784 |
| Founded by | Domingo de Acassuso |
| Seat | San Isidro |
| Government | |
| Intendant | Ramón Lanús (JxC) |
| Area | |
| Total | 51.44 km2 (19.86 sq mi) |
| Population | |
| Total | 291,608 |
| Density | 5,700/km2 (15,000/sq mi) |
| Demonym | sanisidrense |
| Postal Code | B1642 |
| IFAM | BUE115 |
| Area Code | 011 |
| Patron saint | San Isidro Labrador |
| Website | www.sanisidro.gob.ar |


title: Mimikry

abstract: Mimikry is a Swedish punk rock band established by singer Hjalmar "Hjalle" Östman and drummer Jonas "Heavy" Stentäpp both coming from the Gagnef region west of Sweden. Besides Mimikry with its 8 albums to date, Hjalle and Heavy had an important duo project and had three further albums in their name Hjalle och Heavy, after huge popularity through the television series På rymmen. Heavy was also involved in metal band Dökött.

text:
# Mimikry

**Mimikry** is a Swedish punk rock band established by singer Hjalmar "Hjalle" Östman and drummer Jonas "Heavy" Stentäpp both coming from the Gagnef region west of Sweden. Besides Mimikry with its 8 albums to date, Hjalle and Heavy had an important duo project and had three further albums in their name **Hjalle och Heavy**, after huge popularity through the television series *På rymmen*. Heavy was also involved in metal band Dökött.

## Beginnings

### Hjalle och Heavy (1998)

| Hjalle och Heavy | |
| --- | --- |
| Origin | Gagnef, Sweden |
| Genres | Punk rock |
| Years active | 1998 |
|  | |
| Past members | **Hjalle** (Hjalmar Östman)
**Heavy** (Jonas Stentäpp) |

The two principal members **Hjalle** (Hjalmar Östman, born 1976 in Floda, Gagnef Municipality) and **Heavy** (Jonas Stentäpp, born 1975 in Björbo, Gagnef Municipality) met each other very early on when they both competed in *På rymmen* (a Swedish version of *Wanted*) on TV4, which had an average of 1.7 million viewers.

Forming the duo **Hjalle och Heavy**, the band released three albums in 1998. The first was *På rymmen*, which reached the top of the charts for 4 weeks with 80,000 copies sold. The 16-track album included a mix of songs produced as Hjalle och Heavy, Mimikry, and Dökött (Stentäpp's metal band trio). The follow-up album *2:a säsongen* sold 120,000 copies and also reached the top of the charts.

They engaged on a national tour of Sweden accompanied by their bands Mimikry and Dökött (Heavy's Björbo metal band with Peter "Pekka" Hindén and Andreas "Ryttarn" Ryttare). The third album in 1998 was *Dunder*, which sold 40,000 copies and was based on the tour. After the third album, subsequent efforts by the duo were focused on Mimikry.

## Career as Mimikry

The band Mimikry formed in 1993 released its debut album Automatiskt after the huge success and popularity of Hjalle och Heavy. Mimikry has released 9 albums to date.

**Current members**

* Hjalmar "Hjalle" Östman – lead vocals (1993–present)
* Johan Åsberg – guitar (1993–present)
* Mia Mästerbo – bass, backing vocals (1997–present)
* Jonas "Heavy" Stentäpp – drums (1993–present)
* Anders "Apan" Andersson – guitar, backing vocals (2005–2010, 2023-present)

**Former members**

* Jonas Nyberg – bass (1993-1997)
* Anders Brandström – guitar, backing vocals (2011–2023)

## Discography

### As *Hjalle och Heavy*

| Year | Album | Peak positions |
| --- | --- | --- |
| | | SWE |
| 1998 | *På rymmen* | 1 |
| 1998 | *2:a säsongen* | 1 |
| 1998 | *Dunder* | 22 |
|

### As *Mimikry*

| Year | Album | Peak positions |
| --- | --- | --- |
| | | SWE |
| 2000 | *Automatiskt* |  |
| 2002 | *Visar vägen* |  |
| 2004 | *Kryptonit* |  |
| 2005 | *Uppsamlingsheatet* |  |
| 2008 | *Alderland* | 27 |
| 2010 | *Mimifierat* |  |
| 2012 | *Monster* | 23 |
| 2014 | *Tjugo* | 13 |
| 2016 | *Alla sover* | 25 |
| 2018 | *Grit* | 7 |
| 2021 | *Splitter* | 13 |

#### EPs

* 2011: *Jag blöder lika mycket som du*

#### DVDs

* 2006: *Scream for me Finnåker / Lika bra som Iron Maiden*
* 2007: *Bullrigt, hembränt och live!*

#### Singles / Videography

(Selective)

* 2000: "500 mil"
* 2004: "En flicka som är stark"
* 2006: "Kom och dansa lite"
* 2008: "Alderland"
* 2008: "Min sång"
* 2010: "Borgarsvin"
* 2014: "Röda Fanor"

## InfoBox

| Mimikry | |
| --- | --- |
| Mimikry plays at Kafé 44, 2008 | |
| Background information | |
| Origin | Sweden |
| Genres | Punk rock |
| Years active | 1993–present |
|  | |
| Members | Hjalmar "Hjalle" Östman
Jonas "Heavy" Stentäpp
Johan Åsberg
Mia Mästerbo
Anders "Apan" Andersson |
|  | |
| Past members | Jonas Nyberg
Anders Brandström |
|  | |
| Website | www.alderland.se |


title: Toyota T100

abstract: The Toyota T100 is a full-size pickup truck produced by Toyota between 1992 and 1998. It was developed strictly for the US markets, where larger pickups have a sizable market share.

text:
# Toyota T100

The **Toyota T100** is a full-size pickup truck produced by Toyota between 1992 and 1998. It was developed strictly for the US (and Canadian) markets, where larger pickups have a sizable market share.

## History

As Toyota firmly established itself in the North American compact pickup truck market in the 1980s through 1990s, the company offered a truck that was larger than the compact as an alternative to the traditional North American full-size pickup truck market. North American Toyota dealers had long been clamoring for a full-sized Toyota truck, especially in light of the high percentage of Toyota Pickup owners who moved on to domestic full-sized trucks. The T100 reflected a philosophy of designing products specifically for localized international markets, where traditional products sold and made in Japan wouldn't sell well. This approach is also demonstrated with the introduction of the mid-size Toyota Camry (XV10) which was larger than the compact Toyota Camry (V30) in 1991, and again in 1997 when the Toyota Sienna replaced the slow selling Toyota Previa.

Rumored for many years before, the 1993 Toyota T100 boasted a full-size (8 ft) pickup bed but retained the engine and suspension setup of its smaller and older sibling, the compact Toyota Truck. Although the T100 was a bit larger than the competitive mid-size Dodge Dakota, it was still markedly smaller than full-size American pickup trucks of the time. This meant that the T100 occupied its own niche in the truck market. Before introducing the T100, the company reflected on its history of commercial truck manufacture and products they offered in the past. Past products started with the Toyota G1, the Toyota FA, the Toyota BX, the Toyota Stout, the Toyota ToyoAce, and the Toyota Dyna, and its market successes with their Hino Division. Though economical, reliable, and practical, the T100 was slow to be accepted by traditional buyers of full-size competitors, while it was larger than both the Toyota Truck followed by the Toyota Tacoma compact trucks. Wary of the market pushback of competing directly with the Big Three, Toyota chose this somewhat smaller size (and limited lineup) so as not to risk blowback and import quotas. The T100 was designed and engineered for the North American market and was not sold in Japan.

Although sales were slow at the start, the T100 sales did reach into the mid 40,000 vehicles sold range (1996) in the United States. Sales of the Chevrolet C/K were roughly 700,000 per year, while sales of the Ford F-Series surged from 550,000 to nearly 850,000 and Dodge from 100,000 to 400,000 with the introduction of the new Dodge Ram in 1993. Sales of the T100 fell approximately 30 percent when the new Ram went on the market in October 1993, 11 months after the T100's launch in November 1992.

## Reception

Upon introduction, the T100 was criticized for being too small to appeal to buyers of full-size work trucks, the lack of an extended cab, and the lack of a V8 engine; with the only available engine was a 3.0 liter V6, which was already found in Toyota's compact trucks and in the 4Runner. Although considered criticisms by many, Toyota stated these were all factors that were taken into consideration when designing and producing the T100. They claimed the smaller size was planned to offer a larger truck with a compact "feel", an Xtracab was on the horizon and the 3.0 liter V6 would provide far better fuel economy than the vehicles it aspired to rival. Both the V6 engine and the somewhat smaller dimensions were influenced by environmental concerns, issues that were irrelevant to American pickup buyers.

Despite the criticisms of size and horsepower, the T100 was also praised by the media, acquiring J.D. Power and Associates Initial Quality Survey "Best Full-Size Pickup" award and the "Best of What's New" award by Popular Science magazine in its first year on the market. The T100 was the first vehicle – car or truck – ever to receive an "Initial Quality Survey Award" in its first year of production. For 1994 (the truck's second model year) and 1995 (the third), the T100 was again awarded "Best Full-Size Pickup in Initial Quality" by J.D. Power and Associates. In 1997 the T100 was awarded "Top Three Vehicles in Initial Quality – Full-Size Segment" once again by J.D. Power and Associates.

## Design

When it was introduced, the T100 had one cab configuration, a regular cab, and one available engine, a 3.0 L V6 with 150 hp (112 kW) and 180 lb⋅ft (244 N⋅m) of torque. In 1993, a 2.7 L inline-four engine with 150 hp (112 kW) \- same as for the 3.0 V6 - and 177 lb⋅ft (240 N⋅m) of torque was added in the hopes new buyers would be drawn in with promises of greater fuel economy and a lower price than on the initial offerings. The T100 was the first imported pickup truck that could carry a 4 by 8 feet plywood sheet between the wheelwells. The regular cab could seat three abreast in the front bench seat; this was split on the SR5 model. Automatics received a column shift while manuals were floor mounted, where the transfer case shifter was also located on 4WD models.

Toyota ultimately realized there was no alternative but to add more power to the truck and for the 1995 model year Toyota added the 190 hp (142 kW) and 220 lb⋅ft (298 N⋅m) of torque 3.4 L V6. An Xtracab model came along several months into the 1995 model year as well, sitting on the same 121.8 in (3,094 mm) wheelbase with a 6.25 ft (1.9 m) bed. This provided a boost in sales of 150 percent for 1995. The T100 received only minor changes throughout its run, aside from the engine changes and the Xtracab addition. A driver-side airbag was installed for MY 1994 (a passenger-side airbag never became available), and larger 16-inch wheels became the norm for most of the 4X4 models starting in 1996. It was evident by late 1996/ early 1997 that Toyota was already investing in its next truck (what ultimately became the Toyota Tundra). At the time (late 1990s) some believed a revamped T100 with a V8 engine was on the way, and there were some reports that altered V8 powered T100s were used as test-mules, but ultimately it never came to pass, and the T100 was superseded by the Toyota Tundra.

Toyota Racing Development (TRD) introduced a supercharger for the 3.4-liter engine in 1996 and it became available for the T100, the Tacoma and the 4Runner with the 3.4-liter V6 (and later the Tundra). Horsepower jumped to the 260 hp (194 kW) range (depending on the generation of the supercharger) and 250 lb⋅ft (339 N⋅m) to 265 lb⋅ft (359 N⋅m) of torque. This power add on was available for 1997–1998 T100s only. Earlier 3.4 V6 powered T100s have different computer and electrical layouts which do not support the TRD device.

The T100 was manufactured and partially engineered by Toyota-subsidiary Hino. Three trim lines were offered: the base model, the *DX*, and the top-of-the-line *SR5*. The maximum towing capacity was 5,200 lb (2,360 kg) and the truck had a payload limit of 2,450 pounds. Although most trucks fell within the 1/2 ton category, a 1-ton model was offered (in two-wheel drive form) for several of its earlier years until finally being dropped because of a lack of interest.

All T100s were assembled in Tokyo, Japan and as a result were subject to a 25% import tariff on all imported light trucks. The T100 was the last Japanese-built Toyota pickup made for North America when production ceased in July 1998, sales being phased out in August and ending with the 1998 model year. The T100 was replaced by the larger V8-powered Tundra which debuted in 1999. Toyota had originally planned to continue the T100 naming system by calling the new truck the "Toyota T-150"; Ford made a successful claim that this was a trademark infringement of their F-150 and the name had to be changed.

### Year-by-year changes

**MY 1993**

* Standard cab, long bed only
* 3.0 liter V6 engine only (150 horsepower – 180 lb⋅ft (240 N⋅m) of torque)

**MY 1994**

* Driver's side airbag added
* 2.7 liter I4 engine added to lineup (150 horsepower – 177 lb⋅ft (240 N⋅m) of torque)

**MY 1995**

* 3.4 liter V6 engine added to lineup (190 horsepower – 220 lb⋅ft (300 N⋅m) of torque)
* 3.0 liter V6 discontinued
* Xtracab model added to lineup
* Last year for the regular cab 4X4 model

**MY 1996**

* Color changes

**MY 1997**

* Larger 16 inch wheel added to lineup
* Color changes
* TRD introduces 3.4 liter V6 supercharger (approx. 245 horsepower – 285 lb⋅ft (386 N⋅m) of torque)

**MY 1998**

* Last year for the T100
* Color changes

## InfoBox

| Toyota T100 (XK10/XK20) | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Overview | |
| Manufacturer | Toyota |
| Production | August 1992 – July 1998 |
| Model years | 1993–1998 |
| Assembly | Japan: Hamura, Tokyo (Hino) |
| Body and chassis | |
| Class | Full-size pickup truck |
| Body style |  |
| Layout |  |
| Related |  |
| Powertrain | |
| Engine |  |
| Power output | * 150 hp (112 kW; 152 PS) (*3RZ-FE*/*3VZ-E*) * 190 hp (142 kW; 193 PS) (*5VZ-FE*) |
| Transmission |  |
| Dimensions | |
| Wheelbase | 121.8 in (3,094 mm) |
| Length | 209.1 in (5,311 mm) |
| Width | 75.2 in (1,910 mm) |
| Height | 66.7–71.6 in (1,694–1,819 mm) |
| Chronology | |
| Successor | Toyota Tundra |


title: Polytrichum commune

abstract: Polytrichum commune is a species of moss found in many regions with high humidity and rainfall. The species can be exceptionally tall for a moss with stems often exceeding 30 cm (12 in) and rarely reaching 70 cm (27.5 in), but it is most commonly found at shorter lengths of 5 to 10 cm. It is widely distributed throughout temperate and boreal latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere and also found in Mexico, several Pacific Islands including New Zealand, and also in Australia. It typically grows in bogs, wet heathland and along forest streams. Additionally, class Polytrichopsida has been shown to thrive in partially open habitats that have been recently disturbed by human activities or even livestock.

text:
# Polytrichum commune

***Polytrichum commune*** (also known as **common haircap**, **great golden maidenhair**, **great goldilocks**, **common haircap moss**, or **common hair moss**) is a species of moss found in many regions with high humidity and rainfall. The species can be exceptionally tall for a moss with stems often exceeding 30 cm (12 in) and rarely reaching 70 cm (27.5 in), but it is most commonly found at shorter lengths of 5 to 10 cm (2 to 4 in). It is widely distributed throughout temperate and boreal latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere and also found in Mexico, several Pacific Islands including New Zealand, and also in Australia. It typically grows in bogs, wet heathland and along forest streams. Additionally, class *Polytrichopsida* has been shown to thrive in partially open habitats that have been recently disturbed by human activities or even livestock.

## Description

*Polytrichum commune* is a medium to large moss. It is dark green in colour, but becomes brownish with age. The stems can occur in either loose or quite dense tufts, often forming extensive colonies. The stems are most typically found at lengths of 5 to 10 cm, but can be as short as 2 cm or as long as 70 cm. They range in stiffness from erect to decumbent (i.e. reclining) and are usually unbranched, though in rare cases they may be forked. The leaves occur densely to rather distantly, and bracts are present proximally.

The leaves typically measure 6 to 8 mm in length, but may be up to 12 mm long. When dry they are erect, but when moist they are sinuous with recurved tips and are generally spreading to broadly recurved, or sharply recurved from the base. The leaf sheath is oblong to elliptic in outline, forming an involute (i.e. with inward rolling margins) tube and clasping the stem. This sheath is typically golden yellow and shiny, and it is abruptly contracted to the narrowly lanceolate blade. Using a microscope, the marginal lamina can be seen to be level or erect, narrow, and typically 2 to 3 cells wide, though sometimes as many as 7 cells wide. It is toothed from the base of the blade up to the apex, with the teeth being unicellular and embedded in the margin. The costa, or central stalk of the leaf, is toothed on the underside near the apex, and is excurrent, meaning it extends beyond the end of the apex, ending in a short, rough awn.

The lamellae, ridges of cells that run along the leaf surface, are crenulate (i.e. with small rounded teeth) in profile and are 5 to 9 cells high. Their margins are distinctly grooved with 2 rows of paired, projecting knobs. The marginal cells, when observed in section, may be narrow, but are more typically enlarged and wider than those beneath. They are retuse (i.e. with a rounded apex with a central shallow notch) to deeply notched, and in rare cases are divided by a vertical partition. These cells are smooth and brownish in colour and have relatively thick cell walls. The sheath cells measure 60 to 90 μm long by 10 to 13 μm wide. These cells may be elongated rectangles or strongly linear structures up to 20 times long as wide. They become narrower toward the margins. Marginal lamina cells are 10 to 15 μm wide and are subquadrate (i.e. nearly square).

The plants are sexually dioicous. The leaves of the perichaetium have a long sheath with a scarious (i.e. membranous) margin, while the blades themselves are greatly reduced, gradually narrowing to a finely acuminate tip. These blades have toothed margins, are denticulate to subentire in outline, roughened to almost smooth, and have a costa that is excurrent. The seta, or capsule stalk, is 5 to 9 cm long, and is stout and yellowish to reddish brown in colour. The capsule is 3 to 6 mm long, slightly rectangular to cubic in shape, and brown to dark reddish brown in colour. It is sharply 4 winged, inclined to horizontal, and glaucous when fresh. The peristome measures 250 μm, is pale in colour and has 64 teeth. The calyptra is golden yellow to brownish and completely envelops the capsule. The spores measure 5 to 8 μm, but may be up to 12 μm.

## Physiology

*Polytrichum commune* is an endohydric moss, meaning water must be conducted from the base of the plant. While mosses are considered non-vascular plants, *Polytrichum commune* shows clear differentiation of water conducting tissue. One of these water conducting tissues is termed the *hadrom*, which makes up the central cylinder of stem tissue. It consists of cells with a relatively wide diameter called *hydroids*, which conduct water. This tissue is analogous to xylem in higher plants. The other tissue is called *leptom*, which surround the hadrom and contains smaller cells. This tissue is, on the other hand, analogous to phloem. When these two tissue types are taken into account along with the species' exceptional height, it becomes clear that common haircap moss is quite a unique moss considering that the majority of species show little differentiation of conducting tissue and are restricted to much smaller stem lengths.

Another characteristic feature of the species (and the genus) is its parallel photosynthetic lamellae on the upper surfaces of the leaves. Most mosses simply have a single plate of cells on the leaf surface, but common haircap moss has more highly differentiated photosynthetic tissue. This is an example of a xeromorphic adaption, an adaptation for dry conditions. Moist air is trapped in between the rows of lamellae, while the larger terminal cells act to contain moisture and protect the photosynthetic cells. This minimises water loss as relatively little tissue is directly exposed to the environment, but allows for enough gas exchange for photosynthesis to take place. The microenvironment between the lamellae can host a number of microscopic organisms such as parasitic fungi and rotifers. Additionally, the leaves will curve and then twist around the stem when conditions become too dry, this being another xeromorphic adaptation. It is speculated that the teeth along the leaf's edge may aid in this process, or perhaps also that they help discourage small invertebrates from attacking the leaves.

## Variety

* *Polytrichum commune* var. *commune*
* *Polytrichum commune* var. *jensenii*
* *Polytrichum commune* var. *perigoniale*

## InfoBox

| *Polytrichum commune* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Plants of *Polytrichum commune* | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Secure  (NatureServe) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Bryophyta |
| Class: | Polytrichopsida |
| Order: | Polytrichales |
| Family: | Polytrichaceae |
| Genus: | *Polytrichum* |
| Species: | ***P. commune*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Polytrichum commune***
Hedw. | |
|


title: Zach Rogers

abstract: Zachary Knight Rogers is a former American football wide receiver. He was signed by the New York Jets as an undrafted free agent in 2013. He played college football at Tennessee.

text:
# Zach Rogers

**Zachary Knight Rogers** (born November 22, 1990) is a former American football wide receiver. He was signed by the New York Jets as an undrafted free agent in 2013. He played college football at Tennessee.

## Early years

Rogers attended Lipscomb Academy in Nashville, Tennessee. He was selected to the Knoxville News-Sentinel's Top 20 Prospects in Tennessee list following his 2008 season in high school. He was selected twice to the All-State by Tennessee Football Coaches and Tennessee Sports Writers associations. He was selected as the Region 5-3A Player of the Year. He earned Middle Tennessee's National Football Foundation Scholar Athlete Award as senior in high school. He was selected to the first-team All-Region in junior season while helping his David Lipscomb High school football team to the Class 3A state championship. While at high school, he set school track and field records in six events. He was considered a three-star recruit by Rivals.com.

## College career

Rogers attended and played college football at the University of Tennessee. In the 2009 season, he recorded three receptions and 19 yards as a freshman. As a sophomore, he recorded 14 receptions for 207 yards and a touchdown in 11 games. His receiving touchdown was a 72-yard reception in a victory over UAB. As a junior, he had 14 receptions for 189 yards and a touchdown in ten games. His one touchdown came against Cincinnati. In his senior season, he had six receptions for 107 yards and three touchdowns in a loss to South Carolina. In his final season at Tennessee, Rogers had 32 receptions for 491 yards and seven touchdowns in ten games.

## Professional career

On April 27, 2013, Rogers signed with the New York Jets as an undrafted free agent following the 2013 NFL draft. He was released on August 31, 2013.

## InfoBox

Zach Rogers
| No. 9 | |
| --- | --- |
| Position: | Wide receiver |
| Personal information | |
| Born: | (1990-11-22) November 22, 1990<br>Nashville, Tennessee |
| Height: | 6 ft 0 in (1.83 m) |
| Weight: | 172 lb (78 kg) |
| Career information | |
| High school: | Nashville (TN) Lipscomb Academy |
| College: | Tennessee |
| Undrafted: | 2013 |
| Career history | |
|  | |
| * Offseason and/or practice squad member only | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Vincent Vincent and the Villains

abstract: Vincent Vincent and the Villains were an English rock band. They were signed to EMI.

text:
# Vincent Vincent and the Villains

**Vincent Vincent and the Villains** were an English rock band. They were signed to EMI.

## History

Vincent Vincent grew up in Hatch End, an area in the London Borough of Harrow. He later moved to East London's Bethnal Green and after leaving Art College decided to start a band. In 2003 he formed Vincent Vincent and the Villains and released a limited edition single on Smoking Gun Records in 2004 called "On My Own". With the band gaining local notoriety they were then talent spotted by Young And Lost Club, who signed the Villains and put out their second release, "Blue Boy". As well as Neill Kidgell on bass and Alex Cox on drums, the band at this time had two frontmen (Vincent himself and Charlie Waller) Waller left shortly after in 2005, to pursue his ambitions with his childhood band, The Rumble Strips. The final months for the original lineup of the Villains were described as "stifling, unpleasant and impossible" and inspired the song "Johnny Two Bands" which would be the band's first major release, taking the melody from a previous song "Making Raindrops". Vincent Vincent found a new bassist and guitarist in Will Church and Tom Bailey (who were friends from college, and with whom Vincent worked in the Ten Bells pub), and the third single - "I'm Alive" - was released on Young and Lost Club Records in April 2006. This secured a record deal with EMI, with "Johnny Two Bands" being chosen as the debut single. This was performed on Top of the Pops in October 2006. The band re-released "On My Own" the following year in October 2007. The next single "Pretty Girl" was released on 25 February 2008 on CD/7"/digital download. The album *Gospel Bombs* was released on 10 March 2008. A third single off the album was planned for May 2008, but due to ongoing problems at EMI Records these plans were shelved.

After being dropped by EMI the band cancelled most of their summer dates, but appeared at Benicassim Festival 2008. They played their final gig together at 93 Feet East, London on 13 September 2008.

## Members

* Vincent Vincent - Vocals & Guitar
* Alex Cox - Drums
* Tom Bailey - Lead guitar
* Will Church - Bass

The Villains evolved from The Double Card Bastards, The collaboration included Vincent Vincent, Neill Kidgell, Charlie Waller and William Shannon (who made the instruments out of cardboard, string and a baked bean tin). Will Church worked with Vincent at this time in The Ten Bells pub in East London, which was frequented by Tom Bailey (who wrote songs in a band with Church), and when Charlie Waller and Neill Kidgell left, the two became Villains.

## Releases

### Albums

* *Gospel Bombs* (2008)

### Singles

| Date of release | Title | B-sides | Label | UK Singles Chart | Album |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| April 2004 | "On My Own" (Limited Edition 7-inch) | "B-side baby" | Smoking Gun Records | N/A | N/A |
| April 2005 | "Blue Boy/The Boy Who Killed Time" (Limited Double A-Side 7-inch) | N/A | Young and Lost Club YALC-0001 | N/A | N/A |
| April 2006 | "I'm Alive" (Limited 7-inch) | "There Is A Cloud" | Young and Lost Club YALC-0005 | N/A | N/A |
| October 2006 | "Johnny Two Bands" | "Seven Inch Record" | EMI EMVVV7 001 | 91 | N/A |
| October 2007 | "On My Own" | "Love and Pain" and "Bad Boy" | EMI EM 735 | N/A | *Gospel Bombs* |
| 25 February 2008 | "Pretty Girl" | "Radio City" and "Can't Judge A Book By The Cover" | EMI CDEM740 | N/A | |

## InfoBox

| Vincent Vincent and the Villains | |
| --- | --- |
| Origin | England |
| Genres | Indie rock, rock n' roll, doo wop, rhythm and blues |
| Years active | 2003  2008 |
| Labels | EMI |
|  | |
| Past members | Vincent Vincent
Alex Cox
Tom Bailey
Will Church
Charlie Waller
Neill Kidgell |
|  | |
| Website | Official Site |


title: Villa Carminati-Ferrario, Monza

abstract: Villa Carminati-Ferrario is a building located in Monza, Italy, in piazza Citterio. It was built in 1830 and designed by the architect Pietro Pestagalli, in late neoclassical style. The layout of the villa is u-shaped, centered on an internal courtyard, which reflects the architectural taste of Bourgeois families at the time. A small garden with two palm trees is located at the front of the building facing piazza Citterio. The facade is symmetrical and decorated with reliefs by Girolamo Rusca depicting the four seasons.

text:
# Villa Carminati-Ferrario, Monza

**Villa Carminati-Ferrario** is a building located in Monza, Italy, in piazza Citterio. It was built in 1830 and designed by the architect Pietro Pestagalli, in late neoclassical style.

The layout of the villa is u-shaped, centered on an internal courtyard, which reflects the architectural taste of Bourgeois families at the time. A small garden with two palm trees is located at the front of the building facing piazza Citterio.

The facade is symmetrical and decorated with reliefs by Girolamo Rusca depicting the four seasons.

45°35′17″N 9°16′30″E / 45.58806°N 9.27500°E / 45.58806; 9.27500


title: Vigilante Group of Nigeria

abstract: The Vigilante Group of Nigeria (VGN), established in 1870 and officially registered as an NGO in 1999 with Navy Captain Abubakar Bakori Umar (Rtd), as the commandant general of Vigilante Group of Nigeria serves as a civil defense organization collaborating with the police to combat crime and maintain law and order. With members nationwide and its headquarters in Abuja, VGN works in partnership with the police, military, and other security agencies for community policing, intelligence gathering, and contributing to counterinsurgency efforts against groups like Boko Haram. However, VGN encounters challenges such as funding, legal recognition, and regulation.

text:
# Vigilante Group of Nigeria

The **Vigilante Group of Nigeria** (**VGN**), established in 1870 and officially registered as an NGO in 1999 with **Navy Captain Abubakar Bakori Umar (Rtd)**, as the commandant general of Vigilante Group of Nigeria serves as a civil defense organization collaborating with the police to combat crime and maintain law and order. With members nationwide and its headquarters in Abuja, VGN works in partnership with the police, military, and other security agencies for community policing, intelligence gathering, and contributing to counterinsurgency efforts against groups like Boko Haram. However, VGN encounters challenges such as funding, legal recognition, and regulation.

Official website


title: Vijaya Raje

abstract: Vijaya Raje was a member of royal family from Ramgarh in Hazaribagh district of Bihar State of India. She was member of the 1st Rajya Sabha during 1952–1957 from Bihar State of the Janta Party of Ramgarh Raj. Later she was elected to Lok Sabha from Chatra of Bihar State in 1957, 1962 and 1967 for 2nd, 3rd and 4th Lok Sabha.

text:
# Vijaya Raje

**Vijaya Raje** (16 September 1919, in Dhar – 21 December 1995) was a member of royal family from Ramgarh in Hazaribagh district of Bihar State of India.

She was member of the 1st Rajya Sabha during 1952–1957 from Bihar State of the Janta Party of Ramgarh Raj. Later she was elected to Lok Sabha from Chatra (Lok Sabha constituency) of Bihar State in 1957, 1962 and 1967 for 2nd, 3rd and 4th Lok Sabha.

## InfoBox

| Vijaya Raje | |
| --- | --- |
| *Kunwarani of Ramgarh Raj* | |
| Member of Narain Raj Parivar – Ramgarh Raj | |
| Dhar State | 16 September 1919 – 12 December 1995 |
| Predecessor | Maharajmata Shashank Manjiri Devi |
| Successor | Kunwarani Shashi Prabha Singh |
|  | |
| Born | (1919-09-16)16 September 1919
Dhar, India |
| Died | December 21, 1995(1995-12-21) (aged 76)
Hazaribagh |
| House | Narain |
| Religion | Hinduism |