title: Lodge St. Olaus to the white Leopard

abstract: Lodge St. Olaus to the white leopard is a Freemasonic Lodge within the Norwegian Order of Freemasons. It was established on June 24, 1749, on the island of Ladegaard, in the building of Bygdøy Kongsgaard in Christiania. The original name of the lodge was St. Olai, and it was named after the Norwegian king Olaf the Holy one. In 1780 the lodge changed its name to Saint Olaus to the white leopard. In 1785, the second City Hall of Christiana was bought by St. Olai Lodge. The inauguration of the lodge rooms was carried out by Bernt Anker, and the lodge had its residence in the ground floor and the first floor until 1811. Today, the lodge resides inside the headquarters of the Norwegian Order of Freemasons in Nedre Vollgt. 19, Oslo, as a neighbour building of the Norwegian Storting. The coat of arms of the Lodge carries the Latin inscription ARTIS OPE FEROCIAM EXUIT: "With the help of the Art, it shall get rid of its wildness". St. Olai Lodge was the first Masonic lodge in Norway, and the mother lodge of many lodges in the Norwegian Order of Freemasons. It was founded by Count Christian Conrad Danneskiold-Laurvig, probably with the Danish-Norwegian king Frederick V present at the initiation ceremony. The lodge is an offshoot of the Danish lodge St. Martin which existed in Copenhagen from 1743 to 1767.

text:
# Lodge St. Olaus to the white Leopard

**Lodge St. Olaus to the white leopard** (Danish: *St. Olaus til den hvide leopard*) is a Freemasonic Lodge within the Norwegian Order of Freemasons. It was established on June 24, 1749, on the island of *Ladegaard*, in the building of *Bygdøy Kongsgaard* in Christiania. The original name of the lodge was **St. Olai**, and it was named after the Norwegian king Olaf the Holy one (Olai is a Latin genitive form of Olav). In 1780 the lodge changed its name to Saint Olaus to the white leopard.

In 1785, the second City Hall of Christiana (built 1733) was bought by St. Olai Lodge. The inauguration of the lodge rooms was carried out by Bernt Anker, and the lodge had its residence in the ground floor and the first floor until 1811. Today, the lodge resides inside the headquarters of the Norwegian Order of Freemasons in *Nedre Vollgt. 19*, Oslo, as a neighbour building of the Norwegian Storting.

The coat of arms of the Lodge carries the Latin inscription ARTIS OPE FEROCIAM EXUIT: "With the help of the Art, it (the leopard) shall get rid of its wildness (or rage)".

St. Olai Lodge was the first Masonic lodge in Norway, and the mother lodge of many lodges in the Norwegian Order of Freemasons. It was founded by Count Christian Conrad Danneskiold-Laurvig, probably with the Danish-Norwegian king Frederick V present at the initiation ceremony. The lodge is an offshoot of the Danish lodge St. Martin which existed in Copenhagen from 1743 to 1767.

## Nationality

The lodge received its directives from Danish Freemasonic lodges from 1749 to 1818. Its first mother lodge was "St. Martin", founded in Copenhagen in 1743. In 1745, the lodge "Zorobabel", also in Copenhagen, was founded as an offshoot of "St. Martin", with a Patent from the Premier Grand Lodge of England dated 25 October 1745. The two lodges "St. Martin" and "Zorobabel" was unified into the new lodge "Zorobabel to the Northern Star" on 9 January 1767, upon which the new lodge became the new directing lodge of St. Olaus.

In 1818, due to the union between Norway and Sweden, the **lodge St. Olaus to the white leopard** became member of The Swedish Order of Freemasons. The lodge was one of the six founding members of the Norwegian Order of Freemasons ("Province X") on 24 June 1891.

## Rites

On its foundations in 1749, St Olaus was a pure lodge of St. John, a "blue lodge" practising the Craft degrees. In 1752 the lodge also gradually began to practise the high degrees of Rite of Strict Observance. The establishment of the rites was finished in 1762 and was practised in cooperation with the Copenhagen-lodges until 1782.

The rectified rite was introduced in Denmark and Norway in 1782. It was influenced by French Freemasonry and was less concerned with Christian institutions. Among other things, it no longer claimed to be the true and direct heirs to the legendary Knights Templar.

In 1818, St. Olaus became directed from the Swedish Grand lodge, and in 1819 it was transformed into a "blue lodge" of St. John practising the three Craft degrees since then.

## References and notes

## Literature

* Karl Ludvig Tørrisen Bugge: *St. Johs. Logen St. Olaus Til Den Hvide Leopard i Kristiania 1749-1757-1907*, Jubileumsskrift 1907.
* Kr. Thorbjørnsen: *St. Olai Brødre. Blad av St. Johs. Logen. St. Olaus til den hvide Leopards historie gjennom 200 år*, 1947, printed as a manuscript for brothers (Masons).
* Matrikkel over Den Norske Frimurerorden for arbeidsåret 1996–97, Aktietrykkeriet i Trondhjem
* Matrikkel over Den Norske Frimurerorden for arbeidsåret 2007, Aktietrykkeriet i Trondhjem


abstract: The Men's omnium at the European Track Championships was first competed in 2010. Prior to 2010, there were two elite omniums held annually: an endurance omnium and a sprint omnium. The Omnium consists of six different competitions over two days.

text:
# UEC European Track Championships – Men's omnium

The **Men's omnium** at the European Track Championships was first competed in 2010. Prior to 2010, there were two elite omniums held annually: an endurance omnium and a sprint omnium.

The Omnium consists of six different competitions over two days.

## Medalists

| Championships | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2010 Pruszków
 | Roger Kluge (GER) | Tim Veldt (NED) | Rafał Ratajczyk (POL) |
| 2011 Apeldoorn
 | Ed Clancy (GBR) | Bryan Coquard (FRA) | Elia Viviani (ITA) |
| 2012 Panevėžys
 | Lucas Liss (GER) | Artur Ershov (RUS) | Gediminas Bagdonas (LTU) |
| 2013 Apeldoorn
 | Viktor Manakov (RUS) | Tim Veldt (NED) | Martyn Irvine (IRL) |
| 2014 Guadeloupe
 | Elia Viviani (ITA) | Jon Dibben (GBR) | Unai Elorriaga (SPA) |
| 2015 Grenchen
 | Elia Viviani (ITA) | Lasse Norman Hansen (DEN) | Jon Dibben (GBR) |
| 2016 Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines
 | Albert Torres (SPA) | Gael Suter (SUI) | Benjamin Thomas (FRA) |
| 2017 Berlin
 | Albert Torres (SPA) | Julius Johansen (DEN) | Benjamin Thomas (FRA) |
| 2018 Glasgow
 | Ethan Hayter (GBR) | Elia Viviani (ITA) | Casper Von Folsach (DEN) |
| 2019 Apeldoorn
 | Benjamin Thomas (FRA) | Lasse Norman Hansen (DEN) | Oliver Wood (GBR) |
| 2020 Plovdiv
 | Matthew Walls (GBR) | Yauheni Karaliok (BLR) | Iúri Leitão (POR) |
| 2021 Grenchen
 | Alan Banaszek (POL) | Fabio Van den Bossche (BEL) | Matias Malmberg (DEN) |
| 2022 Munich
 | Donavan Grondin (FRA) | Simone Consonni (ITA) | Sebastian Mora (ESP) |
| 2023 Grenchen
 | Benjamin Thomas (FRA) | Simone Consonni (ITA) | William Perrett (GBR) |
| 2024 Apeldoorn
 | Ethan Hayter (GBR) | Niklas Larsen (DEN) | Fabio Van den Bossche (BEL) |

### Older events

Before 2010, European championships Omnium events were held as **European Criterion** or **Winter Championship** (1956–1971).

From 1972 to 1990 they were organized by the FICP as **European Championship**. Since 1995 the UEC is responsible for all European championships.

| Championships | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1956 Zürich | Armin von Büren (SUI) | Jacques Bellenger (FRA) | Rik Van Steenbergen (BEL) |
| 1957–1958 | *Not held* | | |
| 1959 Dortmund | Rik Van Steenbergen (BEL) | Palle Lykke (DEN) | Günther Ziegler (GER) |
| 1961 Kopenhagen | Fritz Pfenninger (SUI) | Peter Post (NED) | Rik Van Steenbergen (BEL) |
| 1962 Dortmund | Palle Lykke (DEN) | Rik Van Steenbergen (BEL) | Fritz Pfenninger (SUI) |
| 1963 Köln | Rudi Altig (GER) | Peter Post (NED) | Rik Van Steenbergen (BEL) |
| 1964 Köln | Peter Post (NED) | Fritz Pfenninger (SUI) | Hans Junkermann (GER) |
| 1965 Brussels | Patrick Sercu (BEL) | Peter Post (NED) | Ferdinand Bracke (BEL) |
| 1966 Köln | Rudi Altig (GER) | Rik Van Steenbergen (BEL) | Peter Post (NED) |
| 1967 Gent | Patrick Sercu (BEL) | Peter Post (NED) | Tom Simpson (GB) |
| 1968 Gent | Patrick Sercu (BEL) | Eddy Merckx (BEL) | Ron Baensch (AUS) |
| 1969 Charleroi | Patrick Sercu (BEL) | Peter Post (NED) | Robert Lelangue (BEL) |
| 1970 Gent | Patrick Sercu (BEL) | Eddy Merckx (BEL) | Peter Post (NED) |
| 1971 Brussels | Patrick Sercu (BEL) | Rudi Altig (GER) | Peter Post (NED) |
| 1972 Gent | Patrick Sercu (BEL) | Graeme Gilmore (AUS) | René Pijnen (NED) |
| 1973 Köln | Patrick Sercu (BEL) | Graeme Gilmore (AUS) | Alain van Lancker (NED) |
| 1974 Berlin | Graeme Gilmore (AUS) | Leo Duyndam (NED) | Günther Haritz (GER) |
| 1975 Grenoble | Eddy Merckx (BEL) | Alain van Lancker (NED) | Roy Schuiten (NED) |
| 1976 Rotterdam | Patrick Sercu (BEL) | Günther Haritz (GER) | Danny Clark (AUS) |
| 1977 Antwerp | Patrick Sercu (BEL) | Danny Clark (AUS) | Freddy Maertens (BEL) |
| 1978 Milan | Danny Clark (AUS) | Roman Hermann (LIE) | Freddy Maertens (BEL) |
| 1979 Vienna | Danny Clark (AUS) | Patrick Sercu (BEL) | Dietrich Thurau (GER) |
| 1980 Gent | Patrick Sercu (BEL) | Danny Clark (AUS) | Roman Hermann (LIE) |
| 1981 Milan | Urs Freuler (SUI) | Anthony Doyle (GB) | Patrick Sercu (BEL) |
| 1982 Zürich | Urs Freuler (SUI) | Robert Dill-Bundi (SUI) | Patrick Sercu (BEL) |
| 1983 Herning | Gert Frank (DEN) | Urs Freuler (SUI) | Anthony Doyle (GB) |
| 1984 Kopenhagen | Danny Clark (AUS) | Gert Frank (DEN) | Urs Freuler (SUI) |
| 1985 Gent | Danny Clark (AUS) | Josef Kristen (GER) | Ferdi Van Den Haute (BEL) |
| 1986 Genève | Josef Kristen (GER) | Urs Freuler (SUI) | Sigmund Hermann (LIE) |
| 1987 Gent | Danny Clark (AUS) | Urs Freuler (SUI) | Pierangelo Bincoletto (ITA) |
| 1988 Zürich | Urs Freuler (SUI) | Josef Kristen (GER) | Volker Diehl (GER) |
| 1989 Kopenhagen | Anthony Doyle (GB) | Volker Diehl (GER) | Michael Marcussen (DEN) |
| 1990 Gent | Etienne De Wilde (BEL) | Peter Pieters (NED) | Konstantin Khrabsov (URS) |
| 1991 Grenoble | Konstantin Khrabsov (URS) | Jens Veggerby (DEN) | Philippe Tarantini (FRA) |
| 1992–1994 | *Not held* | | |
| 1995 Valencia | Peter Pieters (NED) | Franz Stocher (AUT) | Jérôme Neuville (FRA) |
| 1996 Moscow | Jérôme Neuville (FRA) | Guido Fulst (GER) | Peter Pieters (NED) |
| 1997 Berlin | Jérôme Neuville (FRA) | Robert Hayles (GB) | Guido Fulst (GER) |
| 1998 Stettin | Olaf Pollack (GER) | Mario Vonhof (GER) | Robert Karśnicki (POL) |
| 1999 Dalmine | Robert Karśnicki (POL) | Lubor Tesař (CZE) | Vassil Iàkovliev (UKR) |
| 2000 | *Not held* | | |
| 2001 Brno | Franco Marvulli (SUI) | Alexander Äschbach (SUI) | Franz Stocher (AUT) |
| 2002 Büttgen | Franco Marvulli (SUI) | Alexander Äschbach (SUI) | Roland Garber (AUT) |
| 2003 Moscow | Franco Marvulli (SUI) | Lyubomyr Polatayko (UKR) | Angelo Ciccone (ITA) |
| 2004 Valencia | Alexei Markov (RUS) | Angelo Ciccone (ITA) | Petr Lazar (CZE) |
| 2005 Fiorenzuola d'Arda | Linas Balčiūnas (LIT) | Tomas Vaitkus (LIT) | Konstantin Ponomarev (RUS) |
| 2006 Athens | Jens Mouris (NED) | Rafał Ratajczyk (POL) | Franco Marvulli (SUI) |
| 2007 Cottbus | Unai Elorriaga (ESP) | Rafał Ratajczyk (POL) | Jens Mouris (NED) |
| 2008 Pruszków | Wim Stroetinga (NED) | Robert Bartko (GER) | Elia Viviani (ITA) |
| 2009 Gent | Rafał Ratajczyk (POL) | Robert Bartko (GER) | Unai Elorriaga (ESP) |

1. "European Omnium Endurance Championships for Professionals (historical)". *sport-record.de*. 20 January 2022.


title: Pansy (Fabergé egg)

abstract: The Pansy egg or Spinach Jade egg is one of the Imperial Russian Fabergé eggs, and it was commissioned in 1899 by Tsar Nicholas II as an Easter gift for his mother, Dowager Empress Maria Feodoronova. Its design was overseen by the jeweler Peter Carl Fabergé. This egg is one of only three made in the Art Nouveau style; the others are the Lilies of the Valley egg of 1898 and the Clover Leaf egg of 1902.

text:
# Pansy (Fabergé egg)

The **Pansy** egg or **Spinach Jade** egg is one of the Imperial Russian Fabergé eggs, and it was commissioned in 1899 by Tsar Nicholas II as an Easter gift for his mother, Dowager Empress Maria Feodoronova. Its design was overseen by the jeweler Peter Carl Fabergé. This egg is one of only three made in the Art Nouveau style; the others are the Lilies of the Valley egg of 1898 and the Clover Leaf egg of 1902.

## Description

The egg is made of nephrite and has a stand made of gilt silver in the form of branches twisting up about the bottom of the egg (the egg points downward). Around the sides are five pansies with enamelled leaves and petals. The top of the egg – a nephrite dome – lifts off to reveal the egg's surprise.

## Surprise

Regarding the "surprise":

> Within is a gold easel surmounted by a diamond-set Star of Bethlehem inside a wreath over the year; the easel is fluted and embellished with carved gold floral and torch motifs and is set with gems and pearls. On it rests a heart-shaped plaque enamelled opalescent white on a sun-ray *guilloché* background and bordered by rose diamonds set
>
> in silver and surmounted by the Romanov crown also in diamonds. Eleven tiny translucent strawberry enamelled gold covers, each bearing its own monogram, are connected by a large diamond ‘M’ to form a decoration for the front of this plaque.

When a button is pressed, the covers open simultaneously revealing miniatures of the Imperial Family. Reading vertically, those in the first column are:

In the second column are

* the Tsar himself
* Grand Duchess Irina, subsequently Princess Youssoupoff, the Tsar's only niece, daughter of Grand Duke Alexander and Grand Duchess Xenia

In the third column are:

In the fourth column are

In the fifth column are:

Not shown are the Tsar's three other as-yet-unborn children.

## Owners

This egg is among the 10 Fabergé eggs sold by the Russian Antikvariat in 1930, and it was purchased by the Hammer Galleries of New York. The gallery's owner, Armand Hammer, then sold it to the New Orleans oil heiress Matilda Geddings Gray in 1947. She in turn gave it to her niece, Matilda Gray Stream (Mrs. Harold H. Stream, Jr.), as a wedding anniversary present. It is one of the very few Fabergé Imperial Easter eggs to remain in a private collection.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Pansy Fabergé egg | |
| --- | --- |
| Year delivered | 1899 |
| Customer | Nicholas II |
| Recipient | Dowager Empress Maria Feodoronova |
| Current owner | |
| Individual or institution | Matilda Gray Stream |
| Year of acquisition | 1947 |
| Design and materials | |
| Workmaster | Michael Perkhin |
| Materials used | gold, silver-gilt, diamonds, pearls, enamel |
| Height | 146 millimetres (5.7 in) |
| Surprise | A heart containing family member portraits |


title: The Real Love

abstract: "The Real Love" is a song by American rock band Bob Seger & the Silver Bullet Band. Frontman Bob Seger wrote the track for the band's sixth studio album, The Fire Inside (1991), and it was produced by Don Was. In Europe, "The Real Love" was released as the album's second single, while in the United States, where "Take a Chance" did not receive a commercial release, it served as the album's lead single. According to Seger, the song is about a man who searches for true love, with "simple" lyrics. Released as a single in the United States in mid-1991, "The Real Love" gave Seger his 19th top-40 hit on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart, peaking at number 24 that October. In Canada, the song became a number-one hit the same month, topping the RPM 100 Hit Tracks ranking, and it also charted in Australia, Germany, and Switzerland. A music video was made to promote the song; it was filmed in Colorado and Utah and features 40 cast members, including previous Silver Bullet Band members.

text:
# The Real Love

"**The Real Love**" is a song by American rock band Bob Seger & the Silver Bullet Band. Frontman Bob Seger wrote the track for the band's sixth studio album, *The Fire Inside* (1991), and it was produced by Don Was. In Europe, "The Real Love" was released as the album's second single, while in the United States, where "Take a Chance" did not receive a commercial release, it served as the album's lead single. According to Seger, the song is about a man who searches for true love, with "simple" lyrics.

Released as a single in the United States in mid-1991, "The Real Love" gave Seger his 19th top-40 hit on the US *Billboard* Hot 100 chart, peaking at number 24 that October. In Canada, the song became a number-one hit the same month, topping the *RPM* 100 Hit Tracks ranking, and it also charted in Australia, Germany, and Switzerland. A music video was made to promote the song; it was filmed in Colorado and Utah and features 40 cast members, including previous Silver Bullet Band members.

## Reception

Upon the song's release, Dave Sholin of American trade publication *Gavin Report* gave "The Real Love" a positive review, calling it "real music" and stating that Bob Seger's music "never fails to touch the soul". Commercially, the song became Seger's 19th and final top-40 hit in the United States, peaking at number 24 on the *Billboard* Hot 100 in October 1991. It became a top-10 hit on the *Billboard* Adult Contemporary and Album Rock Tracks charts, peaking at number four on both listings. In Canada, the single topped the *RPM* 100 Hit Tracks and 40AC (Adult Contemporary) rankings, ending the year as Canada's 23rd-most-successful single overall. In Europe, "The Real Love" charted in Germany, reaching number 51 for two nonconsecutive weeks in 1991, and in Switzerland, where it peaked at number 27 in January 1992; it is Seger's only charting song in the latter nation. The song also reached the top 100 on Australia's ARIA Singles Chart, peaking at number 92 in late 1991.

## Track listings

## Credits and personnel

Credits are lifted from *The Fire Inside* album booklet.

**Studios**

**Personnel**

## Charts

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format(s) | Label(s) | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| United States | 1991 | * 7-inch vinyl * cassette | Capital |  |
| United Kingdom | September 23, 1991 | | * 7-inch vinyl * 12-inch vinyl * CD1 * cassette |  |
| | October 7, 1991 | | CD2 |  |

## InfoBox

| "The Real Love" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Bob Seger & the Silver Bullet Band | |
| from the album  *The Fire Inside* | |
| B-side |  |
| Released | 1991 (1991) |
| Length | * 4:38 (album version) * 3:43 (7-inch edit) |
| Label | Captiol |
| Songwriter(s) | Bob Seger |
| Producer(s) | Don Was |
| Bob Seger & the Silver Bullet Band singles chronology | |
| "Take a Chance"
(1991) "**The Real Love**"
(1991) "The Fire Inside"
(1991) | |
|  | |
| Audio | |
| "The Real Love" on YouTube | |
|  | |


title: Liz Cunningham

abstract: Elizabeth Anne Cunningham is an Australian politician. She was an independent member of the Legislative Assembly of Queensland from 1995 to 2015, representing the electorate of Gladstone. A conservative MLA in a traditionally Labor district, Cunningham is perhaps most well known for having brought Rob Borbidge's Coalition minority government to power in 1996, following the loss of the Mundingburra by-election by the then Goss Labor government.

text:
# Liz Cunningham

**Elizabeth Anne Cunningham** is an Australian politician. She was an independent member of the Legislative Assembly of Queensland from 1995 to 2015, representing the electorate of Gladstone. A conservative MLA in a traditionally Labor district, Cunningham is perhaps most well known for having brought Rob Borbidge's Coalition minority government to power in 1996, following the loss of the Mundingburra by-election by the then Goss Labor government.

## Early life

Cunningham was involved in local politics prior to entering state politics, serving on the Calliope Shire Council from 1988 to 1995 and serving as its mayor from 1991 to 1995. A social conservative and devout Christian, she ran in the traditionally Labor seat of Gladstone in the 1992 election. She ran an unexpectedly strong campaign on "back to basics" issues, in particular concern about the downgrading of Gladstone Hospital. She narrowly lost to Labor candidate Neil Bennett in 1992, reducing the notional Labor majority from a comfortably safe margin of 12 percent to an extremely marginal two percent.

## Balance of power

Cunningham sought a rematch against Bennett in 1995, and defeated him after National preferences flowed overwhelmingly to her. She became the first non-Labor MLA for Gladstone in 63 years, and only the third in 80 years.

Cunningham's victory was especially significant in the light of the extremely close result of the 1995 state election. It initially appeared as if the result would be a hung parliament with Cunningham holding the balance of power, although later counting delivered a one-seat majority to the Goss Labor government. The situation nevertheless gave her significant influence, as she forced the retention of incumbent Speaker Jim Fouras for the new parliament over the party's desired replacement. Her inaugural speech in September 1995 reaffirmed her combined focus on community issues and social policy, criticising the Goss government's transport and health policies, and advocating the reintroduction of corporal punishment, a return to institutionalisation of the mentally ill, and a return to Christian values.

Cunningham's influence in the Assembly increased dramatically in December 1995 when the Court of Disputed Returns ordered a by-election in the seat of Mundingburra, which the Labor government had held by 16 votes in the general election. After a disastrous by-election campaign which included the disendorsement of incumbent MLA Ken Davies, Liberal candidate Frank Tanti won, costing the government its majority and leaving Cunningham in a position to effectively choose the next Premier of Queensland. Cunningham announced that she would support the Coalition on matters of confidence and supply in the Legislative Assembly, citing their having won the popular vote in the general election. Rather than face certain defeat in the legislature, Goss resigned, paving the way for Borbidge to succeed him. She declined an offer from the new government to become Speaker, insisting that it would compromise her ability to represent her electorate.

Throughout her first term, Cunningham generally supported the Coalition government. With her support, Borbidge was able to fend off numerous no-confidence motions and pass most of his major legislative proposals. When the ALP moved against the government over the Carruthers and Connolly-Ryan inquiries, Cunningham helped block a no-confidence motion in the government and, although she moved a motion against Attorney-General Denver Beanland, insisted that she did not demand his resignation. This resulted in criticism from some quarters that she was effectively another National MP.

She nevertheless insisted that the government consult with her on most legislation, including budgets and, she was also able to exercise significant power. This was made clear in 1996, when she watered down the government's workplace compensation reforms, despite strong government resistance, so as to retain access to the common law for injured workers, and workers compensation for travel to and from work, among other things. As a generally conservative MP, Cunningham became known for her opposition to abortion and her support of capital punishment. In 1996, she was the only member of the parliament to oppose new gun control reforms in the aftermath of the Port Arthur massacre, which otherwise received bipartisan support. The following year, Cunningham was responsible for an amendment which successfully defined the term "life" in the state's criminal code (assault provisions) as "beginning at conception".

## Later parliamentary career

Cunningham increased her primary vote at the 1998 state election, but her political influence severely declined when Peter Beattie formed an ALP government with the support of newly elected independent Peter Wellington. Taking a similar line to the state National Party, Cunningham noted in the lead-up to the election that she would be willing to work with any members of the far-right One Nation party if they were elected. She held her seat with an increased majority at the 2001 election even as Labor won its biggest victory ever in Queensland. She actually won enough primary votes to clinch reelection without the need for preferences.

In April 2002, Cunningham was stopped by police while driving and asked to undergo a breath test. She refused on the grounds of suffering asthma, and was subsequently charged. After receiving little sympathy from Premier Beattie, she was fined and had her driving license suspended. Her third term was also marked by an attempt to ban flag-burning, which failed after the government blocked her private member's bill on the grounds that it violated free speech. Her call for a Commission of Inquiry into child sexual abuse in foster care also failed due to opposition from the government. She received her highest primary vote yet at the 2004 election, again with enough votes to win without going to preferences.

Cunningham was nominated for Speaker after the election, with the support of the opposition National–Liberal coalition, One Nation, and the state's six independents, but was soundly defeated by government nominee Ray Hollis. She raised allegations of bullying against the management of the Gladstone Hospital in 2005, going to Rockhampton to testify before the Forster Review of the state's health system.

Cunningham was a strong favourite to retain her seat at the 2006 state election, which she held coming into the election by a margin of 11.2 points. However, after a strong local Labor campaign focusing on Cunningham's perceived support for controversial federal industrial relations laws, she came close to defeat, with her eventual victory over Labor candidate Chris Trevor being one of the last results declared of the election. During the next parliament, she voted against the cloning of embryos for stem cell research.

Cunningham once again retained her seat in the 2009 state election, despite a 4-point swing to Labor, and she was easily re-elected at the 2012 state election, achieving a swing of 8 points towards her after preferences were distributed.

In early 2015, Cunningham confirmed she would retire after the 2015 state election. Despite Cunningham's popularity, Gladstone remained a Labor stronghold at nearly all levels, and it was taken for granted that her seat would revert to Labor once she retired. Most calculations during her tenure showed that Gladstone was a safe Labor seat in "traditional" two-party matchups. These predictions proved correct, as her 2012 opponent, Glenn Butcher, won the seat resoundingly and has easily held the seat ever since.

## InfoBox

| Liz Cunningham | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Queensland Legislative Assembly
for Gladstone | |
| **In office**
15 July 1995  31 January 2015 | |
| Preceded by | Neil Bennett |
| Succeeded by | Glenn Butcher |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1954-01-22) 22 January 1954 |
|  | |


title: Pogo mine

abstract: The Pogo mine is a gold mine in the state of Alaska. By 31 December 2017 Pogo had produced 3.6 million ounces of gold at a grade of 13.6 g/t. Annual production for 2020 was 205,878 ounces. At 31 December 2019 the mine had Proven and Probable Reserves of 1.5 million ounces of gold at a grade of 7.5 g/t (JORC). It is located 30 miles (48 km) northeast of Delta Junction and 90 miles (145 km) east of Fairbanks. Northern Star Resources Ltd announced in May 2020 that it had entered into an agreement with the Japan-based Sumitomo Metal Mining Co and Sumitomo Corp to acquire the Pogo Gold mine.

text:
# Pogo mine

The **Pogo mine** is a gold mine in the state of Alaska. By 31 December 2017 Pogo had produced 3.6 million ounces of gold at a grade of 13.6 g/t. Annual production for 2020 was 205,878 ounces. At 31 December 2019 the mine had Proven and Probable Reserves of 1.5 million ounces of gold at a grade of 7.5 g/t (JORC). It is located 30 miles (48 km) northeast of Delta Junction and 90 miles (145 km) east of Fairbanks. Northern Star Resources Ltd announced in May 2020 that it had entered into an agreement with the Japan-based Sumitomo Metal Mining Co and Sumitomo Corp to acquire the Pogo Gold mine.

## Orebody and mining method

The orebody consists of numerous highly irregular quartz veins, ranging in thickness from 2 to 40 ft (0.61 to 12.19 m) with 8 to 20 ft (2.4 to 6.1 m) being typical, and ranging in dip from horizontal to vertical with 30-45 degrees being normal. A complex system of faulting offsets the veins both parallel and perpendicular to the strike, resulting in a "chopped-up" orebody. Until 2019 the mine utilized drift-and-fill and overhand cut-and-fill mining methods when, under new owner Northern Star Resources, the mining method was changed to longhole stoping. Access to the orebody is via decline and spiral ramp. After blasting, ore is trucked to the central underground "ore bin", where it is then fed to a conveyor that takes it out of the mine directly to the mill. Typical daily production is about 2,500 tons of ore yielding approximately 1,000 troy ounces of gold.

Pogo uses a paste backfill system, where 20% of the mine's tailings from which gold has been extracted are mixed with cement and then pumped back underground to support subsequent further excavation. This has the additional environmental benefit of reducing the amount of tailings that need to be stored on surface, minimizing the footprint of the mine's dry-stack tailings storage facility.

## Moose incident

On October 5, 2004, during construction of the mine, a large moose with 60-inch (1.5 m) antlers got entangled in newly laid power cables and inadvertently lifted into the air as the cables were tensioned. After retrieval, the moose was in distress and was shot.

## InfoBox

Pogo Gold Mine
| Location | |
| --- | --- |
| Pogo Gold Mine | |
| Location | Delta Junction |
| Alaska | |
| Country | United States |
| Coordinates | 64°27′0″N 144°54′44″W / 64.45000°N 144.91222°W / 64.45000; -144.91222 |
| Production | |
| Products | Gold |
| Production | 205,878 troy ounces |
| Financial year | 2020 |
| History | |
| Discovered | 1995 |
| Opened | 2006 |
| Owner | |
| Company | Northern Star Resources |
| Website | www.nsrltd.com |
| Year of acquisition | 2018 |


title: Pozzilli

abstract: Pozzilli is an Italian comune (municipality) of the Province of Isernia, in the region Molise, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) west of Campobasso and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) southwest of Isernia.

text:
# Pozzilli

**Pozzilli** is an Italian *comune* (municipality) of the Province of Isernia, in the region Molise, located about 50 kilometres (31 mi) west of Campobasso and about 15 kilometres (9 mi) southwest of Isernia.

## Geography

Pozzilli is located on a valley below the Mainarde mountain range, next to the Abruzzo, Lazio and Molise National Park. It is crossed by the river Rava and is few km far from the town of Venafro. The industrial area extends into eastern plain and is part of the "Isernia-Venafro Industrial Consortium".

The municipal territory, bordering with the regions of Lazio and Campania, borders with the municipalities of Acquafondata, Capriati a Volturno, Conca Casale, Filignano, Montaquila, Monteroduni, Venafro, and Viticuso.

Media related to Pozzilli at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Pozzilli | |
| --- | --- |
| *Comune* | |
| Comune di Pozzilli | |
| Pozzilli within the Province of Isernia | |
| Location of Pozzilli | |
| PozzilliLocation of Pozzilli in ItalyPozzilliPozzilli (Molise) | |
| Coordinates: 41°30′44.89″N 14°3′34.78″E / 41.5124694°N 14.0596611°E / 41.5124694; 14.0596611 | |
| Country | Italy |
| Region | Molise |
| Province | Isernia (IS) |
| *Frazioni* | Camerelle, Collegrotte, Leone, Santa Maria Oliveto, Triverno |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Stefania Passarelli |
| Area | |
| Total | 34.66 km2 (13.38 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 235 m (771 ft) |
| Population (30 September 2016) | |
| Total | 2,342 |
| Density | 68/km2 (180/sq mi) |
| Demonym | Pozzillesi |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 86077 |
| Dialing code | 0865 |
| Website | Official website |


title: Mephritus quadrimaculatus

abstract: Mephritus quadrimaculatus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Martins and Napp in 1992.

text:
# Mephritus quadrimaculatus

***Mephritus quadrimaculatus*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Martins and Napp in 1992.

## InfoBox

| *Mephritus quadrimaculatus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Suborder: | Polyphaga |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | ***Mephritus*** |
| Species: | ***M. quadrimaculatus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mephritus quadrimaculatus***<br>Martins & Napp, 1992 | |
|


title: Vijay Rural Engineering College

abstract: Vijay Rural Engineering College, also known as VREC, is a private engineering and polytechnic college established in 1997 in Nizamabad, Telangana, India. It is 8 kilometres away from Nizamabad railway station and 9 kilometres from Nizamabad Bus Station.The college is affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad and approved by All India Council for Technical Education, New Delhi.

text:
# Vijay Rural Engineering College

**Vijay Rural Engineering College**, also known as **VREC**, is a private engineering and polytechnic college established in 1997 in Nizamabad, Telangana, India. It is 8 kilometres (5 miles) away from Nizamabad railway station and 9 kilometres (5.6 miles) from Nizamabad Bus Station.The college is affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad and approved by All India Council for Technical Education, New Delhi.

## History

VREC was established in 1997 with four branches of Computer Science Engineering, Electronics and Communication Engineering, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering and Mechanical Engineering with a capacity of 40 seats per branch. The Department of Civil Engineering was established in the year 2012. It is managed by Ideal Education Society.

## Campus

The campus is divided into diploma (polytechnic) and undergraduate provision by A and B blocks respectively. Vijay College of Pharmacy is also situated in the VREC campus. The college started as Jawahar Knowledge Center in 2006 and it is upgraded to JKC-Star Center. It is co-ordinated by Institute of Electronic Governance. There are labs, workshops and computer centers within all the blocks of the college. There is a library and Information center in the A block.

## Academics

The college admits undergraduate and diploma students every year through the statewide TS EAMCET and Polycet exams. It offers B.Tech in multiple disciplines. The college used to offer M.Tech, Master of Business Administration (MBA) & MCA till 2015 (year clarification needed) but the admissions into all PG courses were revoked by JNTUH and AICTE.

## Departments

### Intake

Undergraduate and Diploma

| Branch | B.Tech | Diploma |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Civil | 60 | 60 |
| Mech | 60 | 60 |
| EEE | 60 | 60 |
| CSE | 120 | 60 |
| ECE | 120 | 60 |

Postgraduate(admissions into all PG courses revoked by JNTUH)

| Branch | Seats |
| --- | --- |
| Power Electronics | 18 |
| Machine Design | 18 |
| Computer Science & Engineering | 18 |
| ECE | 18 |
| Web Technologies | 18 |
| Cyber Forensics & Information Security | 18 |
| MBA | 60 |
| MCA |  |

## Extra-curricular activities

### Fests

The college holds cultural fests every year and it is also open to the students belonging to other engineering colleges in Nizamabad district.

### NSS

NSS unit was established in the college in 2001. From the day of beginning, NSS unit was conducting various programmes. The main activities of NSS unit at VREC are blood donation camp, anti-ragging squads, medical camps in villages, environmental awareness and other LEAD programmes.

### National Cadet Corps

The National Cadet Corps unit was inaugurated on 16 November 2013 by the commanding officer of NCC 12 (A) battalion, Col. Y S Pathania at Vijay Rural Engineering College. VREC is only college in the district that has set up separate National Cadet Corps units for boys and girls.

## Placement cell

The training and placement cell was started with a vision to provide training to the students and to coordinate various training activities like soft skills, communication skills, aptitude and technical skills and certification programs like Infosys campus connect foundation program, DB2, Microsoft certification. It also provides career guidance to crack GRE, TOEFL, IELTS, GATE, GMAT and CAT.

## Vijay group of institutions

* Vijay Rural Engineering College (VREC), Manikbhandar, Nizamabad, established in 1997
* Vijay Institute of Technology and Sciences (VITS, VJAY), Kamareddy, established in 2004 (closed)
* Vijay College of Education for Women, Mubarak Nagar, Nizamabad established in 2007
* Vijay College of Engineering For Women (VCEW), Mubaraknagar, Nizamabad, established in 2009 (closed)
* Vijay College Of Pharmacy (VCPN), Manikbhandar, Nizamabad, established in 2010
* Srinivas Reddy Institute of Technology (SNRJ), Armoor, Nizamabad, established in 2001 (closed)
* Vijay High School, Mubarak Nagar, Nizamabad, established in 1981.

* Satya Phanindra Saibewar, a final year student of B.Tech at VREC, who represented the entire Telangana state was awarded the 'Best Leader Award' at the Yuva Summit-2015 held recently at Deshpande Foundation in Hubli of Karnataka. He received the award from the hands of Nobel laureate Kailash Satyarthi, Infosis Narayana Moorthy.

## InfoBox

| Vijay Rural Engineering College | |
| --- | --- |
| A Block, VREC | |
| Address | |
|  | |
| Rochis Valley
Das Nagar-503003
Nizamabad, Telangana
India | |
| Coordinates | 18°43′29″N 78°8′50″E / 18.72472°N 78.14722°E / 18.72472; 78.14722 |
| Information | |
| Type | Private Engineering College |
| Established | 1997 |
| President | Amruta Latha |
| Chairman | K.Narender Reddy |
| Principal | Dr. P.sampath Rao |
| Affiliation | JNTU Hyderabad |
| Acronym | VREC |
| Website | vrecedu.org |


abstract: The Lodge of Edinburgh, No.1, is a Masonic Lodge in Edinburgh, Scotland. It is designated number 1 on the Roll (list) of lodges of the Grand Lodge of Scotland, and as it possesses the oldest existing minute of any masonic lodge still operating and the first historical reference of a non-operative or speculative freemason being initiated as a member (1634), it is reputed to be the oldest Masonic Lodge not only in Scotland, but the world. It is often styled Mary's Chapel or The Ancient Lodge of Edinburgh Mary's Chapel, the former of which derives from its ancient origins, where it first met within the old chapel of St Mary's on Niddrie's Wynd in Edinburgh, which was demolished to make way for Edinburgh's South Bridge, which were completed in 1788. The lodge meets at 19 Hill Street, in the New Town, in a building erected in the 1820s. Designed by architect George Angus, it was built as a "Subscription Baths and Drawing Academy", and was purchased by the lodge in 1893. It is a category A listed building. The building is used as an arts venue during the Edinburgh Festival Fringe each August, when it is known as the Hill Street Theatre. It is the longest-standing continuously operating Fringe venue, and was operated for over twenty years by Universal Arts, but is now operated by Edinburgh Little Theatre.

text:
# Lodge of Edinburgh (Mary's Chapel) No. 1

**The Lodge of Edinburgh (Mary's Chapel), No.1,** is a Masonic Lodge in Edinburgh, Scotland.

It is designated number 1 on the Roll (list) of lodges of the Grand Lodge of Scotland, and as it possesses the oldest existing minute of any masonic lodge still operating (31 July 1599) and the first historical reference of a non-operative or speculative freemason being initiated as a member (1634), it is reputed to be the oldest Masonic Lodge not only in Scotland, but the world.

It is often styled **Mary's Chapel** or **The Ancient Lodge of Edinburgh Mary's Chapel**, the former of which derives from its ancient origins, where it first met within the old chapel of St Mary's on Niddrie's Wynd in Edinburgh, which was demolished to make way for Edinburgh's South Bridge, which were completed in 1788.

The lodge meets at 19 Hill Street, in the New Town, in a building erected in the 1820s.

Designed by architect George Angus, it was built as a "Subscription Baths and Drawing Academy", and was purchased by the lodge in 1893. It is a category A listed building.

The building is used as an arts venue during the Edinburgh Festival Fringe each August, when it is known as the Hill Street Theatre. It is the longest-standing continuously operating Fringe venue, and was operated for over twenty years by Universal Arts, but is now operated by Edinburgh Little Theatre.

Official website

55°57′13″N 3°12′10″W / 55.9535°N 3.2029°W / 55.9535; -3.2029


abstract: The stayer race is one of the 2 motor-paced racing disciplines of the annual UEC European Track Championships. In the past, private organizers of track cycling events organized championships during the Winter months. The first European championship Stayer was held in 1896. The sub federation for professional cycling of the UCI, the FICP organized official European championships between 1972 and 1990. Since 1995 the European Cycling Union is responsible for this event.

text:
# UEC European Track Championships – Stayer

European Champion JerseyThe European Champion Jersey, from 2016

The stayer race is one of the 2 motor-paced racing disciplines of the annual UEC European Track Championships.

In the past, private organizers of track cycling events organized championships (European Criterion or Winter championship) during the Winter months. The first European championship Stayer was held in 1896.

The sub federation for professional cycling of the UCI, the FICP organized official European championships (called Championnats d'Hiver) between 1972 and 1990.

Since 1995 the European Cycling Union is responsible for this event.

## Men's Medalists

| Championship | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Winter Championship** | | | |
| 1896 Berlin | Lucien Lesna | Paul Münchner | Alphonse Baugé |
| 1897 Berlin | Franz Gerger | Henri Luyten | Alfred Köcher |
| 1898 Mainz | Lucien Lesna | Wilhelm Struck | Paul Becker |
| 1899 Berlin | Artur Adalbert Chase | Albert E. Walters | Émile Bouhours |
| 1900 Breslau | Piet Dickentman | Constant Huret | Eduard Taylor |
| 1901 Leipzig | Thaddäus Robl | Piet Dickentman | Fritz Ryser |
| 1902 Leipzig | Thaddäus Robl | Henri Contenet | Jimmy Michael |
| 1903 Leipzig | Thaddäus Robl | Paul Dangla | Piet Dickentman |
| 1904 Leipzig | Thaddäus Robl | Tommy Hall | Piet Dickentman |
| 1905 Leipzig | Paul Guignard | Thaddäus Robl | Louis Darragon |
| 1906 Dresden | Paul Guignard | Robert Walthour | Thaddäus Robl |
| 1907 Hannover | Thaddäus Robl | Piet Dickentman | Arthur Vanderstuyft |
| 1908 Cologne | Arthur Stellbrink | Paul Guignard | Peter Günther |
| 1909 Berlin | Paul Guignard | Albert Schipke | Thaddäus Robl |
| 1910 Dresden | Friedrich Theile | Robert Walthour | Fritz Ryser |
| 1911 Roubaix | Jimmy Moran | Paul Guignard | Willi Mauß |
| 1912 Barmen | Paul Guignard | Peter Günther | Karl Saldow |
| 1913 Antwerp | Victor Linart | Paul Guignard | Gustav Janke |
| 1914-1919 | *Not held* | | |
| 1920 Tours | Georges Sérès | Jules Miquel | Karel Verkeyn |
| 1921-1925 | *Not held* | | |
| **European Criterion** | | | |
| 1926 Brussels | Émile Aerts | Georges Paillard | Jan Snoek |
| 1927-1930 | *Not held* | | |
| 1931 Nice | Jean Aerts | André Leducq | Paul Broccardo |
| 1932 Nice | Antonin Magne | Romain Gijssels | Albert Büchi |
| 1933 Nice | Learco Guerra | Adrien Buttafochi | Paul Broccardo |
| 1934-1948 | *Not held* | | |
| 1948 | Jacques Besson | Elia Frosio | August Meuleman |
| 1949 Zürich | Jacques Besson | Elia Frosio | August Meuleman |
| 1950 Antwerp | Raoul Lesueur | Elia Frosio | Cor Bakker |
| 1951 | *Not held* | | |
| 1952 Dortmund | Adolf Verschueren | Raoul Lesueur | Erich Bautz |
| 1953 Paris | Roger Queugnet | Adolf Verschueren | Roger Godeau |
| 1954 Dortmund | Adolf Verschueren | Horst Holzmann | Guy Bethery |
| 1955 Dortmund | Lothar Schiller | Adolf Verschueren | Jacques Besson |
| 1956 Dortmund | Karl-Heinz Marsell | Adolf Verschueren | Graham French |
| 1957 Paris | Adolf Verschueren | Roger Godeau | Graham French |
| 1958 Zürich | Karl-Heinz Marsell | Paul Depaepe | Walter Bucher |
| 1959 Dortmund | Adolf Verschueren | Guillermo Timoner | Valentin Petry |
| 1960 Berlin | Karl-Heinz Marsell | Guillermo Timoner | Norbert Koch |
| 1961 Dortmund | Adolf Verschueren | Wout Wagtmans | Otto Altweck |
| 1962 Brussels | Paul Depaepe | Jean Raynal | Karl-Heinz Marsell |
| 1963 Dortmund | Paul Depaepe | Karl-Heinz Marsell | Guillermo Timoner |
| 1964 Dortmund | Paul Depaepe | Guillermo Timoner | Leo Proost |
| 1965 Zürich | Leo Proost | Jaap Oudkerk | Domenico De Lillo |
| 1966 WBerlin | Leo Proost | Ehrenfried Rudolph | Guillermo Timoner |
| 1967 Dortmund | Dieter Kemper | Romain De Loof | Ehrenfried Rudolph |
| 1968 Berlin | Jaap Oudkerk | Ehrenfried Rudolph | Romain De Loof |
| 1969 Dortmund | Dieter Kemper | Jaap Oudkerk | Ehrenfried Rudolph |
| 1970 Berlin | Hans Junkermann | Jaap Oudkerk | Ehrenfried Rudolph |
| 1971 Dortmund | Ehrenfried Rudolph | Dieter Kemper | Jaap Oudkerk |
| **European Championship** | | | |
| 1972 Dortmund | Dieter Kemper | Theo Verschueren | Jaap Oudkerk |
| 1973 Dortmund | Dieter Kemper | Theo Verschueren | Piet De Wit |
| 1974 Dortmund | Cees Stam | Piet De Wit | Romain De Loof |
| 1975 Berlin | Dieter Kemper | Cees Stam | Wilfried Peffgen |
| 1976 Dortmund | Cees Stam | Dieter Kemper | René Pijnen |
| 1977 Dortmund | Wilfried Peffgen | René Savary | Walter Avogadri |
| 1978 Dortmund | Wilfried Peffgen | René Savary | Willy De Bosscher |
| 1979 Dortmund | Wilfried Peffgen | Horst Schütz | Martin Venix |
| 1980 Dortmund | Wilfried Peffgen | Horst Schütz | Martin Venix |
| 1981 Dortmund | Wilfried Peffgen | Horst Schütz | Martin Venix |
| 1982 Dortmund | Horst Schütz | René Kos | Wilfried Peffgen |
| 1983 Zürich | Horst Schütz | Max Hürzeler | Wilfried Peffgen |
| 1984 Dortmund | Max Hürzeler | Martin Venix | Bruno Vicino |
| 1985 Stuttgart | Werner Betz | Constant Tourné | Horst Schütz |
| 1986 Zürich | Werner Betz | Max Hürzeler | Bruno Vicino |
| 1987 Zürich | Max Hürzeler | Mathieu Hermans | Peter Steiger |
| 1988 Copenhagen | Max Hürzeler | Peter Steiger | Constant Tourné |
| 1989 Dortmund | Danny Clark | Constant Tourné | Torsten Rellensmann |
| 1990 Dortmund | Torsten Rellensmann | Roland Günther | Peter Steiger |
| 1991 Dortmund | Torsten Rellensmann | Andrea Bellati | Roland Günther |
| 1992-1994 | *Not held* | | |
| **UEC European Championship** | | | |
| 1995 Zürich | Arno Küttel | Carsten Podlesch | Roland Königshofer |
| 1996 Forst | Carsten Podlesch | Richi Rossi | Roland Königshofer |
| 1997 Berlin | Sabino Cannone | Hans-Kurt Brand | Carsten Podlesch |
| 1998 Forst | Hans-Kurt Brand | Ronald Rol | Patrick Kops |
| 2000 Chemnitz | Carsten Podlesch | Stefan Klare | Sabino Cannone |
| 2001 Leipzig | Carsten Podlesch | Sabino Cannone | Stefan Klare |
| 2006 Forst | Giuseppe Atzeni | Carsten Podlesch | Timo Scholz |
| 2007 Alkmaar | Timo Scholz | Mario Vonhof | Peter Jörg |
| 2008 Alkmaar | Timo Scholz | Reinier Honig | Peter Jörg |
| 2009 Forst | Giuseppe Atzeni | Mario Vonhof | Peter Jörg |
| 2010 Alkmaar | Giuseppe Atzeni | Patrick Kos | Bob Stöpler |
| 2011 Nürnberg | Patrick Kos | Giuseppe Atzeni | Mario Birrer |
| 2012 Zürich | *Canceled (weather related)* | | |
| 2013 Nürnberg | Mario Birrer | Florian Fernow | Giuseppe Atzeni |
| 2014 Forst | Mario Birrer | Stefan Schäfer | Patrick Kos |
| 2015 | *Not held* | | |
| 2016 Saint Quentin-en-Yvelines | Stefan Schäfer | Franz Schiewer | Giuseppe Atzeni |
| 2017 Berlin | Franz Schiewer | Reinier Honig | Stefan Schäfer |
| 2018 Erfurt | Franz Schiewer | Reinier Honig | Daniel Harnisch |
| 2019 Pordenone | Reinier Honig | Christoph Schweizer | Daniel Harnisch |
| 2020-2021 | *Not held due to COVID-19 pandemic* | | |
| 2022 Lyon | Kévin Fouache | Giuseppe Atzeni | Daniel Harnisch |
| 2023 Pordenone | Reinier Honig | Daniel Harnisch | Robert Retschke |


title: Paravoor Ramachandran

abstract: Paravoor Ramachandran was a Malayalam film actor.

text:
# Paravoor Ramachandran

**Paravoor Ramachandran** (പരവൂർ രാമചന്ദ്രൻ; 1945–2011) was a Malayalam film actor.

## Acting career

Paravoor Ramachandran started his acting career as a theatre actor through *Perumbavoor Nataka Sala* at the age of 17. Later, he was an active member of the *Kalidasa Kalakendram* during 1973-75 and played major roles in many plays. His theatre career spanning around 25 years won him public acclaim.

His first film was Rajasenan's Sathyabhamakkoru Premalekhanam. Later, he became active in cinema and played important roles in films like Dilliwala Rajakumaran, Vasanthiyum Lakshmiyum Pinne Njaanum, Kathanayakan, Thooval Kottaram etc. He had acted in around 30 films. *Yakshiyum Njanum* was his last film, which was released in 2010. He had also played major roles in several teleserials.

## Personal life

Paravoor Ramachandran is survived by his wife Sathi Kumari and two children. He was born and lived in Madavoor village in Thiruvananthapuram District.

## Filmography

1. *Sathyabhamakkoru Premalekhanam* (1996) as Chandramangalathu Ramavarma
2. *Dilliwala Rajakumaran* (1996)
3. *Swapna Lokathe Balabhaskaran*(1996) as Kaimal
4. *Rajaputhran* (1996) as Dr. Rahman
5. *Thooval Kottaram* (1996) as Ramabhadran
6. *Harbour* (1996) as Chambakkara Paili
7. *Superman* (1997)
8. *Kadha Nayakan* (1997)
9. *Kilukil Pamparam* (1997)
10. *Kottapurathe Koottukudumbam* (1997) as DIG Ramakrishnan
11. *Malabaril Ninnoru Manirmaran* (1998)
12. *Sreekrishnapurathe Nakshathrathilakkam* (1998)
13. *F.I.R.* (1999) as Home Minister
14. *Njangal Santhushtarannu* (1999)
15. *Ezhupunna Tharakan* (1999)
16. *Pranayaksharangal* (2001)
17. *Rasaleela* (2001)
18. *Nariman* (2001) as Kuruvila
19. *Kanal Kireedam* (2002)
20. *Shivam* (2002)
21. *The King Maker Leader* (2003)
22. *Achante Kochumolkku*(2003)
23. 'Cheri *(2003)*
24. *Sethurama Iyer CBI* as Zachariah (Manikunju)
25. *Yakshiyum Njanum* (2009) as Vasudeva Gounder

## InfoBox

| Parvoor Ramachandran
( പരവൂർ രാമചന്ദ്രൻ ) | |
| --- | --- |
| Paravoor Ramachandran | |
| Born | 1945
Paravoor |
| Died | (2011-01-04)4 January 2011 (aged 65)
Kottayam, Kerala, India |
| Nationality | Indian |
| Other names | V Ramachandran |
| Occupation | Actor |
| Years active | 1996–2009 |


title: The Real Macaw

abstract: The Real Macaw is an album by Graham Parker, released in 1983.

text:
# The Real Macaw

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| Robert Christgau | B+ |
| *Classic Rock* |  |
| *The Encyclopedia of Popular Music* |  |
| *MusicHound Rock: The Essential Album Guide* |  |
| *Rolling Stone* |  |
| *The Rolling Stone Album Guide* |  |
| *Spin Alternative Record Guide* | 5/10 |

***The Real Macaw*** is an album by Graham Parker, released in 1983.

## Critical reception

*Rolling Stone* called *The Real Macaw* "a propulsive, brilliantly sung LP." *Trouser Press* called the album "a disc that is watered down and should have been harder." *PopMatters* wrote that "even with some dated-sounded keyboard work, it's right up there with the best pop-oriented rock albums of all time."

## Track listing

All songs written by Graham Parker

1. "Just Like a Man"
2. "You Can't Take Love for Granted"
3. "Glass Jaw"
4. "Passive Resistance"
5. "Sounds Like Chains"
6. "Life Gets Better"
7. "A Miracle a Minute"
8. "Beyond a Joke"
9. "Last Couple on the Dance Floor"
10. "Anniversary"
11. "(Too Late) The Smart Bomb"

## Charts

| Chart (1983) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Australia (Kent Music Report) | 57 |
| United States (Billboard 200) | 59 |

## Personnel

* Graham Parker - lead and backing vocals, "blue and hollow" guitars
* Brinsley Schwarz \- "Orange and black" guitars
* George Small - keyboards
* Kevin Jenkins - bass
* Gilson Lavis \- drums

Additional musicians

## Studio Personnel

## InfoBox

| The Real Macaw | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Graham Parker | |
| Released | July 1983 |
| Genre | Rock |
| Length | 39:06 |
| Label | Arista |
| Producer | David Kershenbaum |
| Graham Parker chronology | |
| *Another Grey Area*
(1982) ***The Real Macaw***
(1983) *Steady Nerves*
(1985) | |


title: Liz Damon's Orient Express

abstract: Liz Damon's Orient Express was an American soft rock band from Hawaii, featuring lead singer Liz Damon, two female backup singers and a rotating backup band. The name apparently derived from the original backup band being entirely Asian. Their only song to make the Top 40 was "1900 Yesterday", which made it to No. 33 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100, and No. 15 on the Canadian charts in early 1971. Most impressively, it peaked at No. 4 on Billboard's Easy Listening survey.

text:
# Liz Damon's Orient Express

**Liz Damon's Orient Express** was an American soft rock band from Hawaii, featuring lead singer Liz Damon, two female backup singers and a rotating backup band. The name apparently derived from the original backup band being entirely Asian. (Damon herself was of mixed European, Hawaiian, and Choctaw descent.) Their only song to make the Top 40 was "1900 Yesterday", which made it to No. 33 on the U.S. *Billboard* Hot 100, and No. 15 on the Canadian charts in early 1971. Most impressively, it peaked at No. 4 on Billboard's Easy Listening survey.

## Members

Damon's backup singers on the 1970 album *At the Garden Bar, Hilton Hawaiian Village* were her sister Edda Damon and Sydette Sakauye. In the early 1970s, Sakauye left and was replaced by Meri McPherson. While the Damon sisters and McPherson were constants, their backup band underwent numerous personnel changes.

The band was the house band at the Garden Bar at the Hilton Hawaiian Village for 18 months and recorded its first album, *At the Garden Bar, Hilton Hawaiian Village* in 1970. Originally released on Makaha Records, it was then picked up by White Whale Records, who released it as an eponymous album and also released "1900 Yesterday" as a single. White Whale Records was under financial distress at the time (embroiled in a years-long dispute with their marquee band, The Turtles, and unable to develop any further acts other than a few one-hit wonders) and folded shortly after "1900 Yesterday" became a hit.

Liz Damon's Orient Express released Burt Bacharach's "Loneliness Remembers What Happiness Forgets" for the Anthem label in late 1971, and it became their second and last US chart single. The song was originally recorded by Allison Durbin in 1969, and was subsequently recorded by Dionne Warwick in 1970. English alternative rocker Morrissey covered the song in 2019.

The group released three more albums during the 1970s, consisting mostly of covers. In 1979, the group released a comedy album. During the late 1970s, the band moved to Las Vegas, Nevada where they performed until their breakup in the mid-1980s.

Only *Liz Damon's Orient Express* is available in print today, having been reissued on CD in 2003 by Rev-Ola Records, with liner notes by Steve Stanley. "1900 Yesterday" appears on some compilations of 1970s mellow music.

## Discography

### Albums

* *Liz Damon's Orient Express* (1970) (also *At the Garden Bar, Hilton Hawaiian Village*)
* *Try a Little Tenderness* (1970) (aka *Liz Damon's Orient Express II*, Anthem Records)
* *Me Japanese Boy (I Love You)*, Delilah Records (1973)
* *Heaven in My Heart* (1978) (also released as *Cartan Tours Presents Liz Damon's Orient Express* as an advertising record for Cartan's packaged Hawaiian tours.)
* *Warning: This Album Could be Hazardous to Your Ego!* (1979)

### Singles

* "1900 Yesterday" (1970) from *Liz Damon's Orient Express*
* "But For Love" (1971) from *Liz Damon's Orient Express*
* "Loneliness Remembers" (1971) from *Liz Damon's Orient Express II*
* "All in All" (1971) from *Liz Damon's Orient Express II*

## InfoBox

| Liz Damon's Orient Express | |
| --- | --- |
| Origin | Hawaii, U.S. |
| Labels |  |
|  | |
| Past members | * Edda Damon * Liz Damon * Sydette Sakauye * Meri McPherson |


title: Plato (mythology)

abstract: In Greek mythology, Plato was an Arcadian prince as one of the 50 sons of the impious King Lycaon either by the naiad Cyllene, Nonacris or by unknown woman.

text:
# Plato (mythology)

In Greek mythology, **Plato** (/ˈplt/ *PLAY-toe*; Ancient Greek: Πλάτων or Πλάτωνα *Plátōn*, pronounced \[plá.tɔːn\] means 'broad-shouldered') was an Arcadian prince as one of the 50 sons of the impious King Lycaon either by the naiad Cyllene, Nonacris or by unknown woman.

## Mythology

Plato and his siblings were the most nefarious and carefree of all people. To test them, Zeus visited them in the form of a peasant. These brothers mixed the entrails of a child into the god's meal, whereupon the enraged king of the gods threw the meal over the table. Plato was killed, along with his brothers and their father, by a lightning bolt of the god.

1. Jones 2006.
2. Dionysius of Halicarnassus, *Antiquitates Romanae* 1.13.1
3. Pausanias, 8.17.6
4. Apollodorus, 3.8.1
* Apollodorus, *The Library* with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. ISBN 0-674-99135-4. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Greek text available from the same website.
* Dionysus of Halicarnassus, *Roman Antiquities.* English translation by Earnest Cary in the Loeb Classical Library, 7 volumes. Harvard University Press, 1937–1950. Online version at Bill Thayer's Web Site
* Dionysius of Halicarnassus, *Antiquitatum Romanarum quae supersunt*, *Vol I-IV*. . Karl Jacoby. In Aedibus B.G. Teubneri. Leipzig. 1885. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
* Pausanias, *Description of Greece* with an English Translation by W.H.S. Jones, Litt.D., and H.A. Ormerod, M.A., in 4 Volumes. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1918. ISBN 0-674-99328-4. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library
* Pausanias, *Graeciae Descriptio.* *3 vols*. Leipzig, Teubner. 1903. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library.


title: Prayer of Columbus

abstract: "Prayer of Columbus" is a poem written by American poet Walt Whitman. The poem evokes the enterprising spirit of the Christopher Columbus in a God-fearing light, who rediscovered the North American continent in 1492, leading to the colonization of the Americas by the emerging European powers. Although the Viking Leif Ericson has generally been credited as having discovered the North American continent roughly 500 years earlier, Columbus' rediscovery has had a more lasting impact on the colonization trends that continued until around the onset of World War I. Thus, Whitman's poem serves as a fitting tribute to the proper explorer. Portions of Whitman's "Prayer of Columbus" have been inscribed in gilded letters in the marble wall of the Archives/Navy Memorial metro station in Washington, D.C.

text:
# Prayer of Columbus

"**Prayer of Columbus**" is a poem written by American poet Walt Whitman. The poem evokes the enterprising spirit of the Christopher Columbus in a God-fearing light, who rediscovered the North American continent in 1492, leading to the colonization of the Americas by the emerging European powers. Although the Viking Leif Ericson has generally been credited as having discovered the North American continent roughly 500 years earlier, Columbus' rediscovery has had a more lasting impact on the colonization trends that continued until around the onset of World War I. Thus, Whitman's poem serves as a fitting tribute to the proper explorer.

Portions of Whitman's "Prayer of Columbus" have been inscribed in gilded letters in the marble wall of the Archives/Navy Memorial metro station in Washington, D.C.

## Musical settings

In modern times the poem has been set to music by various composers including:


title: Mephritus vescus

abstract: Mephritus vescus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Galileo and Martins in 2011.

text:
# Mephritus vescus

***Mephritus vescus*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Galileo and Martins in 2011.

## InfoBox

| *Mephritus vescus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Suborder: | Polyphaga |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | ***Mephritus*** |
| Species: | ***M. vescus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mephritus vescus***<br>Galileo & Martins, 2011 | |
|


title: Vincent Vaughan (Gaelic footballer)

abstract: Vincent Vaughan was an Irish Gaelic footballer. His championship career at senior level with the Tipperary county team spanned fourteen years from 1911 to 1925. Vaughan made his debut on the inter-county scene at the age of twenty-one when he was selected for the Tipperary junior team in 1910. He enjoyed several championship seasons with the junior team, culminating with the winning of All-Ireland medals in 1912 and 1923. By this time Vaughan had also joined the Tipperary senior team, making his debut during the 1911 championship. The highlight of his inter-county career came in 1920 when he won an All-Ireland medal. Vaughan also won two Munster medals.

text:
# Vincent Vaughan (Gaelic footballer)

**Vincent Vaughan** (17 July 1888 – 30 November 1954) was an Irish Gaelic footballer. His championship career at senior level with the Tipperary county team spanned fourteen years from 1911 to 1925.

Vaughan made his debut on the inter-county scene at the age of twenty-one when he was selected for the Tipperary junior team in 1910. He enjoyed several championship seasons with the junior team, culminating with the winning of All-Ireland medals in 1912 and 1923. By this time Vaughan had also joined the Tipperary senior team, making his debut during the 1911 championship. The highlight of his inter-county career came in 1920 when he won an All-Ireland medal. Vaughan also won two Munster medals.

## Honours

Mullinahone Tipperary

## InfoBox

Vincent Vaughan
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Irish name | *Uinseann Ó Macháin* | | |
| Sport | Gaelic football | | |
| Born | (1888-07-17)17 July 1888
Mullinahone, County Tipperary, Ireland | | |
| Died | 30 November 1954(1954-11-30) (aged 66)
Cashel, County Tipperary, Ireland | | |
| Occupation | Farmer | | |
| Club(s) | | | |
| Years | **Club** | | |
|  | Mullinahone
Arravale Rovers | | |
| Club titles | | | |
| Tipperary titles | 3 | | |
| Inter-county(ies) | | | |
| Years | **County** | | |
| 1911–1925 | Tipperary | | |
| Inter-county titles | | | |
| Munster titles | 2 | | |
| All-Irelands | 1 | | |


abstract: The Men's points race at the European Track Championships was first competed in 2011 in the Netherlands. The Points race consists of 160 laps or 40 kilometres, with a sprint every 10 rounds to gain points. A lap ahead of the other riders is worth 20 points.

text:
# UEC European Track Championships – Men's points race

The **Men's points race** at the European Track Championships was first competed in 2011 in the Netherlands.

The Points race consists of 160 laps or 40 kilometres (24.9 miles), with a sprint every 10 rounds to gain points. A lap ahead of the other riders is worth 20 points.

## Medalists

| Championships | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2011 Apeldoorn
 | Rafał Ratajczyk
Poland | Silvan Dillier
Switzerland | Milan Kadlec
Czech Republic |
| 2012 Panevėžys
 | Elia Viviani
Italy | Kirill Sveshnikov
Russia | Sergiy Lagkuti
Ukraine |
| 2013 Apeldoorn
 | Elia Viviani
Italy | Thomas Boudat
France | Eloy Teruel
Spain |
| 2014 Guadeloupe
 | Benjamin Thomas
France | Liam Bertazzo
Italy | Henning Bommel
Germany |
| 2015 Grenchen
 | Wojciech Pszczolarski
Poland | Benjamin Thomas
France | Claudio Imhof
Switzerland |
| 2016 Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines
 | Niklas Larsen
Denmark | Kenny De Ketele
Belgium | Raman Ramanau
Belarus |
| 2017 Berlin
 | Alan Banaszek
Poland | Niklas Larsen
Denmark | Maximilian Beyer
Germany |
| 2018 Glasgow
 | Wojciech Pszczolarski
Poland | Kenny De Ketele
Belgium | Stefan Matzner
Austria |
| 2019 Apeldoorn
 | Bryan Coquard
France | Jan van Schip
Netherlands | Christos Volikakis
Greece |
| 2020 Plovdiv
 | Sebastián Mora
Spain | Matteo Donegà
Italy | Daniel Crista
Romania |
| 2021 Grenchen
 | Benjamin Thomas
France | Iúri Leitão
Portugal | Vlas Shichkin
Russia |
| 2022 Munich
 | Benjamin Thomas
France | Robbe Ghys
Belgium | Vincent Hoppezak
Netherlands |
| 2023 Grenchen
 | Simone Consonni
Italy | Albert Torres
Spain | Donavan Grondin
France |
| 2024 Apeldoorn
 | Niklas Larsen
Denmark | Sebastián Mora
Spain | Oscar Nilsson-Julien
France |


title: Pariauccro

abstract: Pariauccro or Pariaucro is a massif in the Huayhuash mountain range in the Andes of Peru. This mountain has two summits, the highest one reaching an altitude of 5,572 m (18,281 ft). It is located in the Lima Region, Cajatambo Province, Cajatambo District. Pariauccro lies on a sub-range west of the main range, north of Mitopunta and northeast of Huacshash.

text:
# Pariauccro

**Pariauccro** or **Pariaucro** (possibly from Quechua *parya* reddish, copper or sparrow, *ukru* hole, pit, hollow) is a massif in the Huayhuash mountain range in the Andes of Peru. This mountain has two summits (*Pariauccro Grande* and *Pariauccro Chico)*, the highest one reaching an altitude of 5,572 m (18,281 ft). It is located in the Lima Region, Cajatambo Province, Cajatambo District. Pariauccro lies on a sub-range west of the main range, north of Mitopunta and northeast of Huacshash.

## InfoBox

| Pariauccro | |
| --- | --- |
| Huacshash (center) with the peaks of Pariauccro massif in the background (on the right) | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 5,572 m (18,281 ft) |
| Coordinates | 10°24′21″S 76°56′00″W / 10.40583°S 76.93333°W / -10.40583; -76.93333 |
| Geography | |
| PariauccroPeru | |
| Location | Peru, Lima Region, Cajatambo Province |
| Parent range | Andes, Huayhuash |


title: The Pacifist

abstract: "The Pacifist" is a science fiction short story by British writer Arthur C. Clarke, first published in 1956 in Fantastic Universe. It appears in his collection of "science fiction tall tales," Tales from the White Hart. The story deals with a computer programmer's revenge on his unreasonable military boss by tinkering with software code in a way that makes his boss the laughingstock of the organization. "The Pacifist" details the construction of a supercomputer within "a cavern in Kentucky". The purpose of the computer is military battle simulation, and the details of all known historical battles have been stored in the computer's data banks. The computer's designer, nicknamed "Dr. Milquetoast" by the story-within-a-story's narrator, works under the harsh supervision of a military General. By way of revenge, Dr. Milquetoast programs the computer so that it will answer purely theoretical or mathematical questions put to it, but when asked to solve a military problem, responds by insulting the General using phrases industriously prepared by the programmer. Frustration mounts as the General realizes that because the computer is aware of every known historical military battle, it is capable of recognizing such scenarios even when couched in purely mathematical terms.

text:
# The Pacifist

"**The Pacifist**" is a science fiction short story by British writer Arthur C. Clarke, first published in 1956 in *Fantastic Universe*. It appears in his collection of "science fiction tall tales," *Tales from the White Hart*.

The story deals with a computer programmer's revenge on his unreasonable military boss by tinkering with software code in a way that makes his boss the laughingstock of the organization.

"The Pacifist" details the construction of a supercomputer within "a cavern in Kentucky" (Clarke may have been thinking of Mammoth Cave, then suspected, and later known, to be the world's longest known cave system). The purpose of the computer is military battle simulation, and the details of all known historical battles have been stored in the computer's data banks.

The computer's designer, nicknamed "Dr. Milquetoast" by the story-within-a-story's narrator, works under the harsh supervision of a military General. By way of revenge, Dr. Milquetoast programs the computer so that it will answer purely theoretical or mathematical questions put to it, but when asked to solve a military problem, responds by insulting the General using phrases industriously prepared by the programmer. Frustration mounts as the General realizes that because the computer is aware of every known historical military battle, it is capable of recognizing such scenarios even when couched in purely mathematical terms.

## Analysis

The story presents a computer programmer as an "everyman," a downtrodden and unappreciated worker who has the last laugh on his tormentor. In 1956, computers were rare, and computer programmers were regarded as an engineering elite. Although the character of Dr. Milquetoast is depicted in a classic stereotypical fashion for his character's archetype, the frustration he feels, at the hands of the General, humanizes the character.

Published near the beginning of the Cold War, "The Pacifist" satirizes the military-industrial complex (although the term would not come into wide use for another five years.) The involvement of civilian scientists in military projects was familiar to the reading public, notably the involvement of J. Robert Oppenheimer's team of nuclear scientists in the Manhattan Project, under the military leadership of General Leslie Groves.

## Legacy

The story's theme of a military computer gone haywire has been used numerous times in written and filmed science fiction. Later examples include *Dr. Strangelove* (1964), *Colossus: The Forbin Project* (novel, 1966, film version, 1970), and *WarGames* (1983).

## InfoBox

| "The Pacifist" | |
| --- | --- |
| Short story by Arthur C. Clarke | |
|  | |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Language | English |
| Genre(s) | Science fiction |
| Publication | |
| Published in | *Fantastic Universe* |
| Publisher | King Size Magazines |
| Publication date | October 1956 |
| Chronology | |
| Series | Tales from the White Hart |
|
The Ultimate Melody
The Next Tenants | |


title: Plexippus minor

abstract: Plexippus minor is a species of jumping spider in the genus Plexippus that lives in the United Arab Emirates. The male was first described by Wanda Wesołowska and Antonius van Harten in 2010 and the female in 2020. The spider is medium-sized with a cephalothorax between 3.1 and 3.8 mm long and an abdomen between 3.3 and 4.1 mm long. It has a shape and colouring typical of the genus. The male has a orange carapace while the female is brownish-fawn. The copulatory organs distinguish it from related species, particularly the male's shorter embolus and tibial apophysis and the female's wide pocket on its epigyne.

text:
# Plexippus minor

***Plexippus minor*** is a species of jumping spider in the genus *Plexippus* that lives in the United Arab Emirates. The male was first described by Wanda Wesołowska and Antonius van Harten in 2010 and the female in 2020. The spider is medium-sized with a cephalothorax between 3.1 and 3.8 mm (0.12 and 0.15 in) long and an abdomen between 3.3 and 4.1 mm (0.13 and 0.16 in) long. It has a shape and colouring typical of the genus. The male has a orange carapace while the female is brownish-fawn. The copulatory organs distinguish it from related species, particularly the male's shorter embolus and tibial apophysis and the female's wide pocket on its epigyne.

## Taxonomy

*Plexippus minor* is a jumping spider that was first described in 2010 by Wanda Wesołowska and Antonius van Harten. Initially, only the male was described, the female following in 2020. It is one of over 500 species identified by the Polish arachnologist. The jumping spider was placed in the genus *Plexippus*, first raised by Carl Ludwig Koch in 1846. The word plexippus is Greek and can be translated striking or driving horses. It was the name of a number of heroes in Homer's *Iliad*. The genus was placed in the subtribe Plexippina in the tribe Plexippini, both named after the genus, by Wayne Maddison in 2015, who listed the tribe in the clade Saltafresia. It was allocated to the subclade Simonida, named in honour of the French arachnologist Eugène Simon. In 2016, it was combined with 31 other genera into the group Christillines, named after the genus *Chrysilla*. In his 2017 study of the genus, Jerzy Prószyński placed *Plexippus minor* within the 20 species that were recognisable as unique.

## Description

*Plexippus minor* has a general appearance that is typical of the genus. It is a medium-sized spider. The male has a cephalothorax that measures between 3.1 and 3.3 mm (0.12 and 0.13 in) in length and between 2.3 and 2.5 mm (0.091 and 0.098 in) in width. The carapace is orange with white hairs, is marked with two large brown spots on the back and has a thin black line on the edge. White hairs also adorn the black eye field, which also has red hairs around some of the eyes. The chelicerae are dark brown with white hairs on the top. The abdomen is an oval that is between 3.3 and 3.4 mm (0.13 and 0.13 in) long and 2 mm (0.079 in) wide. It has three stripes on its back, the middle one being white and left and right ones brown. The spinnerets are light with dark tips. The forward legs are also dark, but the rearmost are yellow, although all have dark hairs. The pedipalps are generally more yellow. The bottom part of the cymbium is covered in white hair. The embolus is short, as is the tibial apophysis.

The female was first described ten years after the male. Similarly medium-sized, it has a cephalothorax that is typically 38 mm (1.5 in) long and 3 mm (0.12 in) wide. The carapace is brownish-fawn in colour with a very dark, nearly black eye field. Long bron and light bristles can be found around the eyes, and brown and grey hairs at the edges of the body. The chelicerae are similarly dark brown. The ovoid abdomen is typically 4.1 mm (0.16 in) long and 2.6 mm (0.10 in) wide. It is a greyish-beige and is covered in dense hairs. There are small dark markings on the top and a line down the middle of the bottom made of dark dots. The spinnerets are similarly greyish-beige, while the legs are all a light brown. The pedipalps have a yellow tinge. The epigyne is large and sclerotised and has a wide pocket. The copulatory openings are narrow. Internally, the copulatory organs are simple with straight seminal ducts leading to spherical spermathecas.

The spider differs from the related *Plexippus paykulli* in its copulatory organs. Particularly, the pedipalps are different. The female also has a wider and shorter epigynal pocket that is noticeably more to the rear. It can be differentiated from the *Plexippus iranus* by the way that the spermathecae connect to the accessory glands. The male can be distinguished from similar spiders by the combination of the smaller embolus and tibial apophysis.

## Distribution

*Plexippus minor* is endemic to United Arab Emirates. The holotype was collected from Wadi Shawkah in 2007. The species was named for the fact that it is smaller than the other *Plexippus* species that can be found in United Arab Emirates, *Plexippus paykulli*.

### Citations

### Bibliography

## InfoBox

| *Plexippus minor* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| A female of the related species *Plexippus paykulli* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Salticidae |
| Subfamily: | Salticinae |
| Genus: | *Plexippus* |
| Species: | ***P. minor*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Plexippus minor***<br>Wesołowska & van Harten, 2010 | |
|


title: Melody Pool

abstract: Melody Pool is an Australian country-folk musician from Kurri Kurri, New South Wales. She first stepped on stage with her father, country musician Alby Pool, when she was 8 years old, and was performing solo aged 9. During her teens Pool played in her father's band, and began releasing her own music starting with the EP Heart to Heart Talk in 2008. This was followed by another EP Awake, You’re All Around Me in 2011, before she crowdfunded money to travel to Nashville in September 2012 to record her debut album The Hurting Scene. Produced by Brad Jones and Jace Everett, the album was recorded in six days and released in 2013. Initially released independently, Pool was then signed to Liberation Music and Mushroom Music Publishing who reissued the album in July 2013. In 2014 she covered Joni Mitchell's River for Katie Noonan's collaborative album Songs That Made Me. The album reached #7 on the ARIA Compilation Chart. After moving to Coburg, Victoria, she began writing her next album Deep Dark Savage Heart which was released in 2016. It was listed as #50 on Rolling Stone Australia's 50 Best Albums of 2016. Following the album release and tour, Pool said she would take a break from music to put her mental health first. She spoke about her battles with depression on a 2017 episode of ABC's Australian Story which focused on her music career and mental health struggles. In 2020 Pool revealed she was recording a new album on a farm in regional NSW, and began playing new songs live in 2021.

text:
# Melody Pool

**Melody Pool** is an Australian country-folk musician from Kurri Kurri, New South Wales.

She first stepped on stage with her father, country musician Alby Pool, when she was 8 years old, and was performing solo aged 9.

During her teens Pool played in her father's band, and began releasing her own music starting with the EP *Heart to Heart Talk* in 2008. This was followed by another EP *Awake, You’re All Around Me* in 2011, before she crowdfunded money to travel to Nashville in September 2012 to record her debut album *The Hurting Scene*.

Produced by Brad Jones and Jace Everett, the album was recorded in six days and released in 2013. Initially released independently, Pool was then signed to Liberation Music and Mushroom Music Publishing who reissued the album in July 2013.

In 2014 she covered Joni Mitchell's *River* for Katie Noonan's collaborative album *Songs That Made Me*. The album reached #7 on the ARIA Compilation Chart.

After moving to Coburg, Victoria, she began writing her next album *Deep Dark Savage Heart* which was released in 2016. It was listed as #50 on *Rolling Stone Australia*'s 50 Best Albums of 2016.

Following the album release and tour, Pool said she would take a break from music to put her mental health first. She spoke about her battles with depression on a 2017 episode of ABC's *Australian Story* which focused on her music career and mental health struggles.

In 2020 Pool revealed she was recording a new album on a farm in regional NSW, and began playing new songs live in 2021.

## Discography

### Albums

List of albums, with selected details
| Title | Details |
| --- | --- |
| *The Hurting Scene* | * Released: 2013 * Format: CD, LP, digital * Label: Weston Boys Entertainment |
| *Deep Dark Savage Heart* | * Released: 2016 * Format: CD, digital * Label: Liberation Music |
|

### Extended plays

List of EPs, with selected details
| Title | Details |
| --- | --- |
| *Heart to Heart Talk* | * Released: 2008 * Format: CD, digital * Label: Melody Pool |
| *You’re All Around Me* | * Released: 2011 * Format: CD, digital * Label: Melody Pool |
| *Lost In Time* | * Released: 2023 * Format: CD, digital * Label: Melody Pool |

## Awards and nominations

### National Live Music Awards

The National Live Music Awards (NLMAs) commenced in 2016 to recognise contributions to the live music industry in Australia.

| Year | Nominee / work | Award | Result | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2023 | Melody Pool | Best Folk Act | Nominated |  |

### Telstra Road to Discovery

* 2013 - Songwriter of the Year

## InfoBox

| Melody Pool | |
| --- | --- |
| Melody Pool at Dashville Skyline 2015 | |
| Background information | |
| Origin | Kurri Kurri, New South Wales |
| Genres | Country, Folk |
| Labels | Liberation Music, Bloodlines |
|  | |
| Website | melodypool.com.au |


title: Vincent Viola

abstract: Vincent "Vinnie" Viola is an American billionaire businessman and U.S. Army veteran. He was for several weeks President Donald Trump's nominee for United States Secretary of the Army, before withdrawing from consideration. Viola is the owner of the Florida Panthers of the National Hockey League (NHL), and the founder and chairman of Virtu Financial. He is also the owner of St. Elias Stables and co-owner, with fellow Brooklynite Anthony Bonomo, of the 2017 Kentucky Derby winner Always Dreaming. From 2001 to 2004, he was the chairman of the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX).

text:
# Vincent Viola

**Vincent** **"Vinnie"** **Viola** (born 1956) is an American billionaire businessman and U.S. Army veteran. He was for several weeks President Donald Trump's nominee for United States Secretary of the Army, before withdrawing from consideration. Viola is the owner of the Florida Panthers of the National Hockey League (NHL), and the founder and chairman of Virtu Financial. He is also the owner of St. Elias Stables and co-owner, with fellow Brooklynite Anthony Bonomo, of the 2017 Kentucky Derby winner Always Dreaming. From 2001 to 2004, he was the chairman of the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX).

## Early life, education and military service

Viola was born in 1956 to an Italian-American family in the Williamsburg neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York City, the son of Virginia (Torre) and John A. Viola. His father, an immigrant from Italy, worked as a truck driver after serving in the U.S. Army in the European theater of WWII. His father's Army service made a significant impression on Viola as a youth. Upon graduating from Brooklyn Technical High School, Viola attended the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York. Viola played on the sprint football team and was cadet company commander for Company E-4 his senior year.

Viola graduated with a bachelor's degree from the United States Military Academy in 1977 and was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the United States Army. After graduating from the Infantry Officer Basic Course and Ranger School, he served with the 101st Airborne Division at Fort Campbell for several years. He received his juris doctor degree from New York Law School in June 1983, but did not complete the New York bar exam.

## Career

Viola began his business career as a trader in the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX) in 1982, raising $10,000 to purchase a seat on the exchange. He helped build the NYMEX while he served on the board of directors, as chairman of the Technology Committee, the Natural Gas Advisory Committee and the Facilities Committee, co-chairman of the Options Committee, vice chairman of NYMEX from 1993 to 1996, and chairman from March 2001 to March 2004. Prior to and following the Gulf War, Viola earned millions of dollars trading oil.

Viola has launched a number of businesses during his career. In 1987, he founded Pioneer Futures, one of the top fifty futures commission merchants in the US. In 1988, he founded The Independent Bank Group, a Texas-based regional bank which is listed on NASDAQ (IBTX). Viola was also one of the two partners who launched EWT, LLC and Madison Tyler, LLC, two electric trading firms formerly based in Beverly Hills, California, and was able to use the electronic trading technique to his own personal gain. In 2008, Viola founded Virtu Financial, active in electronic market making. Viola took Virtu Financial public in April 2015, trading as a NASDAQ listed company (VIRT).

Leah McGrath Goodman's 2011 book, *The Asylum: The Renegades Who Hijacked the World's Oil Market*, describes Viola and his temperament. Goodman wrote that Viola "had a nasty temper, but \[predecessor chairman Lou\] Guttman says he didn't lose control of his emotions easily" and that "beneath the spit and polish he was still a tough guy from Brooklyn." In the book, Lou Guttman, the previous chairman at the NYMEX, said Viola "exuded leadership. His personality was amazing. He drew people in. He was a phenomenal speaker. Even if he didn't know what he was talking about, he sounded like he knew what he was saying. He was an astute businessman and an extreme opportunist."

As of December 2016, Viola had a net worth of $1.78 billion.

## Nomination for Secretary of the Army

On December 19, 2016, then-President-elect Donald Trump announced his intention to nominate Viola for the position of Secretary of the Army. The choice was reported to be concerning to the nominated Secretary of Defense General Jim Mattis, who was reportedly not informed of the choice prior to the announcement, a position he would directly oversee, and was concerned about potential trading practices which were not yet fully investigated.

Viola withdrew himself from consideration for the position on February 3, 2017, citing his inability to comply with Pentagon regulations regarding personal businesses. *Military Times* reported that Viola had been searching for ways to divest from his business ventures, including transferring ownership of the Florida Panthers to his family members and transferring responsibility for operations to Vice Chairman Douglas Cifu.

## Philanthropy

After the September 11 attacks, Viola helped found the Combating Terrorism Center at West Point, and was the principal funder at its creation. Viola founded a technology company, Rowan Technology Solutions, to support cadet education in the areas of military history, military science, and leadership. Viola has endowed the Avery Cardinal Dulles, S.J. Chair in Catholic Theology at Fordham University.

## Personal life

Viola and his wife Teresa have three adult sons and live in New York City. In 2013, their Upper East Side townhouse was listed for sale at $114 million. In January 2021, they sold their townhouse in the Brooklyn Heights Historical District for $25.5 million, setting a borough record.

The couple are both involved in horseracing as the owners of St. Elias Stable and Teresa Viola Racing, respectively. They are co-owners of Kentucky Derby winner Always Dreaming.

## InfoBox

| Vincent Viola | |
| --- | --- |
| Viola in 2017 | |
| Born | Vincent James Viola
1956 (age 6768)
New York City, U.S. |
| Alma mater | United States Military Academy (BS)
New York Law School (JD) |
| Political party | Republican |
| Spouse | Teresa Viola |
| Children | 3 |


title: Longyang Road station

abstract: Longyang Road is an interchange station that serves both the Shanghai maglev train and lines 2, 7, 16 and 18 on the Shanghai Metro. It provides quick transfers between the metro system and the Maglev train to and from Pudong International Airport. There are two separate fare-paid zones at this station: one for the conventional metro lines and one for the Maglev train, which has a separate fare system. It is also the third four-line interchange station in mainland China and the second in Shanghai, after Century Avenue and Chegongmiao in Shenzhen, and the first five-line interchange station in Shanghai and mainland China.

text:
# Longyang Road station

**Longyang Road** (simplified Chinese: 龙阳路; traditional Chinese: 龍陽路; pinyin: *Lóngyáng Lù*) is an interchange station that serves both the Shanghai maglev train and lines , , 16 and 18 on the Shanghai Metro. It provides quick transfers between the metro system and the Maglev train to and from Pudong International Airport. There are two separate fare-paid zones at this station: one for the conventional metro lines (Lines 2, 7, 16, 18) and one for the Maglev train, which has a separate fare system. It is also the third four-line interchange station in mainland China and the second in Shanghai, after Century Avenue and Chegongmiao in Shenzhen, and the first five-line interchange (Maglev included) station in Shanghai and mainland China.

## History

On 20 September 1999, this station is part of the initial section of Line 2 that opened from Zhongshan Park to this station that opened. Trial operations on the Shanghai Maglev opened on the last day of 2002.

The interchanges with Lines 7 opened on 5 December 2009. The interchange with Line 16 opened on 28 December 2014. The interchange with Line 18 opened on 30 December 2021, with the formal opening of Line 18 north section, the station becomes a five-line transfer station.

## Structure

Longyang Road station consists of five parts, from north to the south respectively, Line 7, Line 2, Maglev Line, Line 16 and Line 18. Lines 2, 7 and 18 are under ground, while the station hall of Line 2 is on the ground level. The station on Line 16 and Maglev Line are elevated stations.

The platform of Lines 2, 7, 18 are standard island platforms. There are 2 sets of island platforms at Line 16, while trains provide service usually on platforms 1, 2 and 3. The platform 2 is usually used for express trains (stops only at Luoshan Road station, Xinchang station, Huinan station, Lingang Avenue station and Dishui Lake station) and non-stop trains (directly heads for Dishui Lake). The train coupling and decoupling take place on weekdays at platform 1.

### Transfer

Since the opening of the north section of Line 18, Longyang Road has become a five-line transfer station. Between the part of Line 7, Line 2, Line 16 and Line 18, there are two mono-directional transfer passages. For example, passengers at Line 7 can go through a transfer passage and arrive at the station hall of Line 2, which takes about 3 minutes. Then across the station hall of Line 2, passengers walks above one minute to arrive at the west end of Line 16 station hall. Passengers can either turn left to transfer to Line 16, which takes 3.5 minutes, or walk straight to transfer to Line 18, which takes about 1 minute and 45 seconds.

Passengers at the Line 18 station hall at the south end of the whole station can walk to the station hall of Line 16 through a transfer passage at the east, which takes about 3.5 minutes. Then passengers can arrive at the station hall of Line 2 through the station hall of Maglev Line and a set of mono-directional escalator, which takes about 2.5 minutes. Following through the transfer passage, passengers at the Line 2 station hall will walk to the east end of Line 7 station hall, which takes about 2min.

To take the Shanghai maglev train, the nearest exit is Exit 4 at Line 2.

## Incidents

At 11:05 on 26 April 2021, a passenger climbed the passenger edge doors, in an attempt to enter the tunnel of Line 2.

Station staff quickly reacted, however, staff later confirmed the passenger that climbed the door had died.

Services continued from noon that day.

## Places nearby

Media related to Longyang Road Station at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Longyang Road
龙阳路 | |
| --- | --- |
| Line 2 Platform | |
| General information | |
| Location | Longyang Road (龙阳路) and Baiyang Road (白杨路)
Pudong, Shanghai
China |
| Coordinates | 31°12′11″N 121°33′25″E / 31.203147°N 121.556862°E / 31.203147; 121.556862 |
| Operated by | Shanghai No. 2/3 Metro Operation Co. Ltd.
Shanghai Maglev Transportation Development Co., Ltd. |
| Line(s) |  |
| Platforms | Metro: 10 (5 island platforms)
Maglev: 4 (1 island and 2 side platforms) |
| Tracks | Metro: 10
Maglev: 2 |
| Construction | |
| Structure type | Underground (Lines 2, 7 & 18)
Elevated (Line 16 & Maglev) |
| Accessible | Yes |
| Other information | |
| Station code | L02/12(Line 2) L7/32(Line 7) L16/01(Line16) |
| History | |
| Opened | * 20 September 1999 (1999-09-20) (Line 2) * 31 December 2002 (2002-12-31) (Maglev) * 5 December 2009 (2009-12-05) (Line 7) * 28 December 2014 (2014-12-28) (Line 16) * 30 December 2021 (2021-12-30) (Line 18) |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station Shanghai Metro Following station  Century Parktowards National Exhibition and Convention Center  Line 2  Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Parktowards Pudong Airport Terminal 1&2  Fanghua Roadtowards Meilan Lake  Line 7  Huamu RoadTerminus  *Terminus*  Line 16  Middle Huaxia Roadtowards Dishui Lake  Line 16Express service  Luoshan Roadtowards Dishui Lake  Line 16Direct service  Dishui LakeTerminus  Yingchun Roadtowards South Changjiang Road  Line 18  Fangxin Roadtowards Hangtou  *Terminus*  Shanghai maglev train  Pudong International Airporttowards Pudong Airport Terminal 1&2 | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location  Longyang RoadLocation in Shanghai | |


abstract: The Women's elimination race at the UEC European Track Championships was first competed in 2015 in Grenchen, Switzerland. The elimination race, also known colloquially as "the Devil", is a race in which at the end of every second lap the last rider to cross the line is eliminated from the race. The final two cyclists then take part in what amounts to a rolling start match sprint. Although included in the omnium for several years, its first stand alone appearance was in 2015. Kirsten Wild is the most successful cyclist in this event, with three European titles for the Netherlands.

text:
# UEC European Track Championships – Women's elimination race

The Women's elimination race at the UEC European Track Championships was first competed in 2015 in Grenchen, Switzerland.

The elimination race, also known colloquially as "the Devil" (from the idiom "devil take the hindmost"), is a race in which at the end of every second lap the last rider to cross the line is eliminated from the race. The final two cyclists then take part in what amounts to a rolling start match sprint. Although included in the omnium for several years, its first stand alone appearance was in 2015.

Kirsten Wild is the most successful cyclist in this event, with three European titles for the Netherlands.

## Medalists

| Championships | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2015 Grenchen
 | Katie Archibald (GBR) | Annalisa Cucinotta (ITA) | Irene Usabiaga (ESP) |
| 2016 Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines
 | Kirsten Wild (NED) | Katie Archibald (GBR) | Laurie Berthon (FRA) |
| 2017 Berlin
 | Kirsten Wild (NED) | Evgenia Augustinas (RUS) | Maria Giulia Confalonieri (ITA) |
| 2018 Glasgow
 | Laura Kenny (GBR) | Anna Knauer (GER) | Evgenia Augustinas (RUS) |
| 2019 Apeldoorn
 | Kirsten Wild (NED) | Emily Nelson (GBR) | Nikol Płosaj (POL) |
| 2020 Plovdiv
 | Elinor Barker (GBR) | Rachele Barbieri (ITA) | Maria Martins (POR) |
| 2021 Grenchen
 | Valentine Fortin (FRA) | Letizia Paternoster (ITA) | Neah Evans (GBR) |
| 2022 Munich
 | Lotte Kopecky (BEL) | Pfeiffer Georgi (GBR) | Mylene De Zoete (NED) |
| 2023 Grenchen
 | Lotte Kopecky (BEL) | Valentine Fortin (FRA) | Maike van der Duin (NED) |
| 2024 Apeldoorn
 | Lotte Kopecky (BEL) | Lea Lin Teutenberg (GER) | Jessica Roberts (GBR) |


title: Federación Obrera de Magallanes

abstract: Federación Obrera de Magallanes was a trade union movement based in Punta Arenas, Chile, active between 1911 and the mid-1920s. FOM was targeted in a deadly arson attack in 1920.

text:
# Federación Obrera de Magallanes

***Federación Obrera de Magallanes*** ('Workers Federation of Magallanes', abbreviated **FOM**) was a trade union movement based in Punta Arenas, Chile, active between 1911 and the mid-1920s. FOM was targeted in a deadly arson attack in 1920.

## Establishment

FOM was founded on June 11, 1911, after a number of organizational attempts by socialists, anarchists and mutualist workers, of multinational origin It was linked to the *Federación Obrera de Chile* (FOCH). Politically, FOM moved over time combining socialist and anarchist positions. Within FOM, there were influences from the small Socialist Workers Party. Luis Emilio Recabarren visited Punta Arenas between May and August 1916 and during his stay he gave many lectures for FOM. However, over time, anarchist ideas also took root in FOM. In May 1913 a number of articles with syndicalist orientation were published in the FOM press, indicating the existence of a libertarian wing inside the movement. There was a rival and more radical trade union movement in Punta Arenas called *Centro de Resistencia de Oficios Varios* (CROV).

## Organization

FOM organized workers in meatpacking plants, ports, other urban trades, and amongst ranch workers. FOM had its own printing press and issued two newspapers.

As of 1920, FOM had around 4,000 members, roughly half of the adult population of Punta Arenas. Having been able to build up a strong strike fund, FOM could pressure companies to accept collective bargaining agreements and cash wage-payments for workers. The movement sought to restrict alcohol sales.

At the end of 1918 and in early 1919, FOM workers took control of Puerto Natales during a general strike. The uprising was eventually crushed by Carabineros.

### Arson attack

In the midst of the patriotic fervour of the 'Don Ladislao War' in July 1920, conservative sectors sought to counter the influence of FOM. FOM was accused of being run by foreigners.

The office of FOM and *El Trabajo* was attacked on the morning of July 27, 1920. At around 3 a.m., military and police surrounded the building. They opened fire on the building, whose thin walls did little to stop the bullets. The FOM workers who tried to exit the building were killed on its doorsteps. The attackers then set the house afire, burning the remaining persons inside to death. Fire fighters were prevented by military and police to reach the site of the fire. More than 30 workers died in the attack.

On the same night, the editor of *El Socialista* was attacked in his home. Following the attack, a number of FOM leaders were arrested. No local newspapers were published for three days, and when they resumed publication, they had been instructed not to mention the deadly arson attack. The attacks were followed by a pampant nationalistic-pro hispanic official celebration by Spanish monarchism and Chilean oligarchies.

## Later history

Ahead of the 1921 convention in Rancagua, FOM (now under anarchist influence) had positioned itself in the camp opposing affiliation to Profintern, and declined to send delegates to Rancagua.

FOM continued to exist until the mid-1920s. In 1927 Sindicato Profesional de la Industria Ganadera y Frigorífica was founded in Punta Arenas as a continuation of FOM.