title: William Dwight Whitney

abstract: William Dwight Whitney was an American linguist, philologist, and lexicographer known for his work on Sanskrit grammar and Vedic philology as well as his influential view of language as a social institution. He was the first president of the American Philological Association and editor-in-chief of The Century Dictionary.

text:
# William Dwight Whitney

**William Dwight Whitney** (February 9, 1827  June 7, 1894) was an American linguist, philologist, and lexicographer known for his work on Sanskrit grammar and Vedic philology as well as his influential view of language as a social institution. He was the first president of the American Philological Association and editor-in-chief of *The Century Dictionary*.

## Life

William Dwight Whitney was born in Northampton, Massachusetts, on February 9, 1827. His father was Josiah Dwight Whitney (1786–1869) of the New England Dwight family. His mother was Sarah Williston (1800–1833) of Easthampton, Massachusetts.

Whitney entered Williams College at fifteen, graduating in 1845. He continued studying and worked at a bank in Northampton for several years. He was at first interested in natural sciences, and assisted his older brother Josiah Whitney on a geological survey of the Lake Superior region in 1849, having charge of the botany, the barometrical observations and the accounts. On this expedition, he began the study of Sanskrit in his leisure hours. Around this time Whitney was living at Yale University in Connecticut.

In 1850, Whitney left the United States to study philology, and especially Sanskrit, in Germany. There, he spent his winters at Berlin studying under Franz Bopp and Albrecht Weber, and his summers were devoted to research under Rudolph von Roth at Tübingen. It was during his time in Germany that Whitney began a major life project, "preparation of an edition and translation of the *Atharva-veda*."

He gained wide reputation for his scholarship in the field. In 1853, Yale University offered Whitney a position as "Professor of Sanskrit", a position made just for him and the first of its kind in the United States. It was not until 1861, however, that he received his doctoral degree from the University of Breslau. He also taught modern languages at the Sheffield Scientific School, and served as secretary to the American Oriental Society from 1857 until he became its president in 1884. The American Philosophical Society elected Whitney to membership in 1863.

On August 28, 1856, Whitney married Elizabeth Wooster Baldwin. She was the daughter of Roger Sherman Baldwin, US Senator and Governor of the State of Connecticut. They had six children:

1. Edward Baldwin Whitney was born August 16, 1857, became Assistant US Attorney General, and had son mathematician Hassler Whitney.
2. Williston Clapp Whitney was born April 2, 1859, but died March 11, 1861.
3. Marian Parker Whitney was born February 6, 1861, became a professor of German at Vassar College and trustee of Connecticut College for Women
4. Roger Sherman Baldwin Whitney was born January 6, 1863, but died January 17, 1874.
5. Emily Henrietta Whitney was born August 29, 1864.
6. Margaret Dwight Whitney was born November 19, 1866.

He died at his home, on Whitney Avenue, on June 7, 1894.

## Career

Whitney revised definitions for the 1864 edition of Webster's *American Dictionary*, and in 1869 became a founder and first president of the *American Philological Association*. In the same year he also became Yale's professor of comparative philology. Whitney also gave instruction in French and German in the college until 1867, and in the Sheffield scientific school until 1886. He wrote metrical translations of the *Vedas*, and numerous papers on the Vedas and linguistics, many of which were collected in the *Oriental and Linguistic Studies* series (1872–74). He wrote several books on language, and grammar textbooks of English, French, German, and Sanskrit.

His *Sanskrit Grammar* (1879) is notable in part for the criticism it contains of the Ashtadhyayi, the Sanskrit grammar attributed to Panini. Whitney describes the Ashtadhyayi as "containing the facts of the language cast into the highly artful and difficult form of about four thousand algebraic-like rules (in the statement and arrangement of which brevity alone is had in view at the cost of distinctness and unambiguousness)."

In his *Course in General Linguistics* in the chapter on the 'Immutability and Mutability of the Sign', Ferdinand de Saussure credits Whitney with insisting on the arbitrary nature of linguistic signs.

The linguist Roman Jakobson (Jakobson 1965, 23-4) remarks that Whitney exerted a deep influence on European linguistic thought by promoting the thesis of language as a social institution. In his fundamental books of the 1860s and 1870s, language was defined as a system of arbitrary and conventional signs. This doctrine was borrowed and expanded by Ferdinand de Saussure, and it entered into the posthumous edition of his 'Course', adjusted by his disciples C. Bally and Albert Sechehaye (1916). The teacher declares: "On the essential point it seems to us that the American linguist is right: language is a convention, and the nature of the sign that is agreed upon remains indifferent." Jakobson writes, Arbitrariness is posited as the first of two basic principles for defining the nature of the verbal sign: "The bond uniting the signifier with the signified is arbitrary." The commentary points out that no one has controverted this principle "but it is often easier to discover a truth than to assign to it the appropriate place."

Although he suffered from a heart ailment in his later years, he was editor-in-chief of the first edition of the respected *Century Dictionary*, which appeared from 1889 to 1891.

## Honors

## Works

* *Atharva Veda*, editor with Rudolf von Roth (1856–1857)
* *Language and the Study of Language: Twelve Lectures on the Principles of Linguistic Science* (1867)
* *Taittiriya Pratisakhya*, editor and translator (1868)
* *A Compendious German Grammar* (1869, 6th edn. 1888)
* *On Material and Form in Language* (1872)
* *Oriental and Linguistic Studies — First Series: The Veda, The Avesta, The Science of Language* (1872)
* *Oriental and Linguistic Studies — Second Series: The East and West, Religion and Mythology, Hindu Astronomy* (1874)
* *Darwinism and Language* (1874)
* *The Life and Growth of Language: An Outline of Linguistic Science* (1875)
* *Essentials of English Grammar for the Use of Schools* (1877)\*
* *Sanskrit Grammar: Including Both the Classical Language, and the Older Dialects, of Veda and Brahmana* (1879, 2d edn. 1889)
* *Language and its Study: with Special Reference to the Indo-European* (lectures) (1880)\*
* *Logical Consistency in Views of Language* (1880)
* *Mixture in Language* (1881)
* *A Brief German Grammar* (1885)
* *The Roots, Verb-forms and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language* (supplement to *Sanskrit Grammar*) (1885)
* *Practical French Grammar* (1887)\*
* *A Compendious German and English Dictionary* (1887)\*
* *The Century Dictionary* (editor) (1889–1891)
* *Introductory French Reader* (1891)\*
* *Max Müller and the Science of Language: A Criticism* (1892)
* *Atharva Veda Samhita* 3 volumes (translator)
* *The History of Sanskrit Grammar* (Indian reprint edition of *Sanskrit Grammar*)
* *Manuscript Diary* (photo reprint)

**NB:** Dates marked * may not be first publication.

### Modern collections

* *Oriental and Linguistic Essays*
* *On the Vedas*
* *Whitney on Language: Selected Writings of William Dwight Whitney*

## InfoBox

| William D. Whitney | |
| --- | --- |
| Portrait of Whitney | |
| Born | William Dwight Whitney
(1827-02-09)February 9, 1827
Northampton, Massachusetts, U.S. |
| Died | June 7, 1894(1894-06-07) (aged 67)
New Haven, Connecticut, U.S. |
| Education | Williams College
University of Berlin
University of Tübingen
University of Breslau |
| Occupation(s) | Linguist, philologist |
| Employer | Yale University |
| Spouse | Elizabeth Wooster Baldwin |
| Children | * Edwin Baldwin * Williston Clapp * Marian Parker * Roger Sherman Baldwin * Emily Henrietta * Margaret Dwight |
| Relatives | Whitney family |
| Signature | |
|  | |


title: Len Rohde

abstract: Leonard Emil Rohde (Pronounced: RO-dee) was an American football offensive tackle who played fifteen seasons for the San Francisco 49ers of the National Football League (NFL). He helped the 49ers win the NFC West Division from 1970 to 1972 and he was selected to the Pro Bowl after the 1970 season. Rohde played college football at Utah State University. Remembered as one of the most durable players in team history, Rohde played in 208 consecutive games over the course of a 15 year NFL career.

text:
# Len Rohde

**Leonard Emil Rohde** (*Pronounced:* RO-dee) (April 16, 1938 – May 13, 2017) was an American football offensive tackle who played fifteen seasons for the San Francisco 49ers of the National Football League (NFL). He helped the 49ers win the NFC West Division from 1970 to 1972 and he was selected to the Pro Bowl after the 1970 season. Rohde played college football at Utah State University.

Remembered as one of the most durable players in team history, Rohde played in 208 consecutive games over the course of a 15 year NFL career.

## Biography

### Early years

Len Rohde was born April 16, 1938, in Palatine, Illinois, the son of Emil Rohde, a farmer. He attended Palatine High School, where he played football, basketball, wrestled in the heavyweight division, and participated in the power disciplines of shot put and discus on the school's track and field team.

Rohde was successful in these various high school athletic pursuits, winning the Illinois state high school wrestling championship and setting a new Northwest conference record as a shot putter (12#, 50'0"), in helping to lead the Pirates to a 9th consecutive title as a senior in 1955-56.

### College career

Rohde attended Utah State University. After spending the 1956 season on the freshman team, Rohde was made a member of the varsity in 1957, where the 6'3", 220-pounder immediately challenged for and won a starting spot at right tackle, beating out a junior letterman for the role.

As the NCAA had reinstituted the single platoon system effective with the 1953 season, Rohde played in both an offensive and defensive capacity for the Aggies. Indeed, his agility, strength, and conditioning was such that he frequently played the entire duration of the game without substitution — gaining recognition as a "60-Minute Man".

Despite Utah State's lack of success on the field, Rohde's play even as a sophomore began to attract regional attention for potential All-America consideration.

Rohde continued to be a multi-sport athlete at Utah state, playing football in the fall, wrestling in the winter months, and throwing shot put in the spring. He began his school career majoring in agricultural economics but switched majors and ultimately graduated from Utah State in 1960 with a Bachelor of Science degree in education.

He continued his education while playing professional football, earning a Masters degree from San Diego State University in 1969.

### Professional career

Rohde was selected in the 5th round of the 1960 NFL draft by the San Francisco 49ers, who made him the 59th player taken.

He spent the first three years of his NFL career primarily in a reserve role, backing up Hall of Fame offensive right tackle Bob St. Clair. He saw action in all 40 games played by the Niners during these three seasons, posting 11 spot appearances as a starter.

He was moved to a starting role on the other side in 1963 and started as the team's left tackle without missing a single game until his retirement at the end of the 1974 season.

Rohde was an important part of the 49ers offense that led the NFL in points scored and yardage gained in 1965 and 1970. He was recognized by the league by selection to the Pro Bowl after the 1970 season.

Rohde planned on coming back for a 16th NFL season in 1975, but the 37-year old lineman was taken aside by head coach Dick Nolan, who told him, "Len, you've been a fantastic team player your whole life. You could probably do the team another big favor and retire." With his back starting to cause him trouble, Rohde chose to take the hint and filed his retirement paperwork with the league office.

### Life after football

Rohde married the former Beverly Ann Boston in December 1961. The pair raised one son.

Beginning in 1976, Rohde launched a second career in the food industry ultimately becoming the owner of six Burger King franchises and holding majority stakes in five Applebee's restaurants, all in the San Francisco Bay area.

### Death and legacy

Rohde died on May 13, 2017, aged 79.

Rohde's 208 career games played stands as the most ever by a 49ers lineman. Having appeared in every game of a 15-year NFL career without a single miss, he is regarded as the most durable player in team history.

## InfoBox

Len Rohde
| No. 76 | |
| --- | --- |
| Rohde in 1961 | |
| Born: | (1938-04-16)April 16, 1938<br>Palatine, Illinois, U.S. |
| Died: | May 13, 2017(2017-05-13) (aged 79) |
| Career information | |
| Position(s) | Tackle |
| Height | 6 ft 4 in (193 cm) |
| Weight | 245 lb (111 kg) |
| College | Utah State |
| High school | Palatine |
| AFL draft | 1960, round: 2, pick: First Selections |
| Drafted by | Buffalo Bills |
| NFL draft | 1960, round: 5 / Pick 59 |
| Career history | |
| As player | |
| 1960–1974 | San Francisco 49ers |
|  | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
| Pro Bowls | 1 (1970) |
| Career stats | |
| Games played | 208 |
| Starts | 179 |
| Fumble recoveries | 3 |
|  | |


title: William Dwyer (Irish politician)

abstract: William James Dwyer was an Irish politician and businessman. He was born 9 May 1887 in Cork city, second son among three sons and two daughters of Walter Dwyer of Sunday's Well, Cork, merchant and later director and managing director of Dwyer & Co., and Clare Dwyer. He was educated at Presentation Brothers College, Cork; and Downside School, Somerset, England. On finishing school in 1905, he returned to Cork to join his fathers' company. It was founded by his grandfather in the nineteenth century, and had become a large concern involved in the manufacture of clothing for men and boys. His experience within the family business helped to educate him in all aspects of the manufacturing process, to the extent that he left the firm in 1913 and set up his own hosiery factory. Following the success of his hosiery business. in 1928 he founded Sunbeam Knitwear Co., which manufactured knitted underwear. In 1933 he acquired the Irish business of Wolsey Ltd and merged it with Sunbeam Ltd to create Sunbeam Wolsey Ltd. He was an unsuccessful Fine Gael candidate at the 1943 general election for the Cork Borough constituency. He was elected to Dáil Éireann at the 1944 general election as an independent Teachta Dála (TD) for Cork Borough. He resigned his seat on 29 March 1946 because he felt that he was neglecting his continually expanding commercial concerns. The subsequent by-election on 14 June 1946 was won by Patrick McGrath of Fianna Fáil. He stood unsuccessfully as an independent candidate at the 1948 general election for the Cork East constituency. A devout catholic who took a deep interest in the welfare of his workers and the working classes in general, he founded the Sunbeam Social Service Society. Partly run by the workers, the society provided free medical, dental, and marriage benefits as well as home nursing to those who required it. He also helped to organise the Marsh Building Society to build homes for the working classes. In addition to this he funded the building of a recreation hall in a housing area near Spangle Hill in Cork. His most generous benefaction was the reconstruction of the Church of the Annunciation, Blackpool, which he then donated to the cathedral parish of Blackrock. In 1950 he both organised and met half the costs of a pilgrimage to Rome for his workers. In recognition of his services to the church and charity in general he was granted a private audience with the pope in 1951. He married Agnes Harding in 1912, and they had one son and three daughters. He died on 10 May 1951 at the Bon Secours nursing home in Cork.

text:
# William Dwyer (Irish politician)

**William James Dwyer** (9 May 1887 – 10 May 1951) was an Irish politician and businessman.

He was born 9 May 1887 in Cork city, second son among three sons and two daughters of Walter Dwyer of Sunday's Well, Cork, merchant and later director and managing director of Dwyer & Co., and Clare Dwyer (née Downing). He was educated at Presentation Brothers College, Cork; and Downside School, Somerset, England.

On finishing school in 1905, he returned to Cork to join his fathers' company. It was founded by his grandfather in the nineteenth century, and had become a large concern involved in the manufacture of clothing for men and boys. His experience within the family business helped to educate him in all aspects of the manufacturing process, to the extent that he left the firm in 1913 and set up his own hosiery factory.

Following the success of his hosiery business. in 1928 he founded Sunbeam Knitwear Co., which manufactured knitted underwear. In 1933 he acquired the Irish business of Wolsey Ltd (an English-based underwear manufacturer) and merged it with Sunbeam Ltd to create Sunbeam Wolsey Ltd.

He was an unsuccessful Fine Gael candidate at the 1943 general election for the Cork Borough constituency. He was elected to Dáil Éireann at the 1944 general election as an independent Teachta Dála (TD) for Cork Borough.

He resigned his seat on 29 March 1946 because he felt that he was neglecting his continually expanding commercial concerns. The subsequent by-election on 14 June 1946 was won by Patrick McGrath of Fianna Fáil. He stood unsuccessfully as an independent candidate at the 1948 general election for the Cork East constituency.

A devout catholic who took a deep interest in the welfare of his workers and the working classes in general, he founded the Sunbeam Social Service Society. Partly run by the workers, the society provided free medical, dental, and marriage benefits as well as home nursing to those who required it. He also helped to organise the Marsh Building Society to build homes for the working classes. In addition to this he funded the building of a recreation hall in a housing area near Spangle Hill in Cork. His most generous benefaction was the reconstruction of the Church of the Annunciation, Blackpool, which he then donated to the cathedral parish of Blackrock. In 1950 he both organised and met half the costs of a pilgrimage to Rome for his workers. In recognition of his services to the church and charity in general he was granted a private audience with the pope in 1951.

He married Agnes Harding in 1912, and they had one son and three daughters. He died on 10 May 1951 at the Bon Secours nursing home in Cork.

## InfoBox

| William Dwyer | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Teachta Dála | |
| **In office**
May 1944  29 March 1946 | |
| Constituency | Cork Borough |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1887-05-09)9 May 1887
Cork, Ireland |
| Died | 10 May 1951(1951-05-10) (aged 64)
Cork, Ireland |
| Political party | Independent |
| Spouse | Agnes Harding (m. 1912) |
| Children | 4 |
| Education |  |
|  | |


title: Lene Berg

abstract: Lene Berg is a Norwegian film director and artist, who works in Oslo and Berlin. Her artistic praxis includes film, installation, collage and text-based work. She has produced a number of projects in public spaces and directed four independently produced feature-length films. She represented Norway in the 55th Venice Biennale with the film Dirty Young Loose (2013). In 2022 she was invited to the prestigious Norwegian Festival Exhibition at the Bergen Kunsthall for which she produced the large-scale exhibition Fra Far. In 2023 her novel with the same title was published by Kolon Forlag. She is a member of the Norwegian Visual Artist Guilds NBK & UKS, the Directors Guild of Norway and The Writers Guild of Norway. She co-founded the distribution agency Filmbyrået Jack and the production company VIDEONOVA.

text:
# Lene Berg

**Lene Berg** (born 1965) is a Norwegian film director and artist, who works in Oslo and Berlin. Her artistic praxis includes film, installation, collage and text-based work. She has produced a number of projects in public spaces and directed four independently produced feature-length films. She represented Norway in the 55th Venice Biennale with the film Dirty Young Loose (2013). In 2022 she was invited to the prestigious Norwegian Festival Exhibition at the Bergen Kunsthall for which she produced the large-scale exhibition Fra Far. In 2023 her novel with the same title was published by Kolon Forlag. She is a member of the Norwegian Visual Artist Guilds NBK & UKS, the Directors Guild of Norway and The Writers Guild of Norway. She co-founded the distribution agency Filmbyrået Jack and the production company VIDEONOVA.

## Early life and education

Lene Berg was born in Oslo 1965, to sociologist Mie Berg Simonsen and film director Arnljot Berg. Growing up in Oslo, Berg attended the Oslo Waldorf School and Forsøksgymnaset in Oslo. She graduated in 1992 with a degree in film directing from Dramatiska Institutet in Stockholm (University College of Film, Radio, Television and Theatre in Stockholm). Her debut full-length feature En Kvinnas Huvud (1997) was produced by Hinden/Länna-Ateljéerna AB.

## Work

### Media and style

Educated as a film director Berg integrates not only film, but also text and collage and installations in her work. In the late 1990s her work began to be shown in contemporary art venues. Berg's work is often characterized by a hybrid format, mixing genres, using different forms of media, narrative structures and artistic techniques, to investigate historical and political topics. A common theme in many of her projects is how a particular notion of truth is contingent, and how reality might be considered differently through the inclusion of additional stories, or an alternative perspective.

### Notable projects

#### *Encounter: Gentlemen & Arseholes*

In the project Encounter: Gentlemen & Arseholes Berg reproduced the first edition of the literary magazine Encounter (magazine) from 1953, inserting her own notes and images between the pages of the magazine's original content. The additional materials were collected from books, newspapers, private albums and conversations, and were not available to the public at the time of the original publication. The inserts shed new light on the CIA’s engagement in the Cultural Cold War, as expressed through the original magazine. The story of individuals engaged in the magazine is further expanded upon in the film The Man in the Background.

#### *The Man in the Background*

In the film The Man in the Background Berg investigates the fate and role of Michael Josselson, director of the Congress for Cultural Freedom, in the Cold War era. The video material consists of Josselson's private super-8 footage from a vacation in 1958 and interviews with his widow Diana, shot nearly 50 years later. In 1966, the New York Times revealed that the Congress for Cultural Freedom had received funding from the CIA, and thus it was exposed that the Josselsons had lied to everyone around them for nearly two decades. The revelation changed the life of the Josselsons radically and painfully. Furthermore, the film poses questions about the other contributors to the magazine, their complicity and the scapegoating of the Josselsons.

#### *Stalin by Picasso*

Stalin by Picasso consists of a book and a film, as well as an outdoor banner, depicting the eponymous portrait, that Berg intended to hang on the facade of Folketeateret at Youngstorget in Oslo. The project received wide media attention when it was revealed that the Norwegian Labour Party, represented by Martin Kolberg, had stopped the realization of the project. The banner was also part of Berg's exhibition at the Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art in 2008, but again was met strong reactions and was taken down without Berg's consent after only two days.

The original portrait was also met with harsh critique. The drawing was commissioned by Louis Aragon, the editor of the French communist party's weekly magazine Les Lettres Françaises. However, after much criticism from fellow party members and colleagues Aragon chose to distance himself from the portrait.

The project addresses the relationship between art and politics, free speech, and the ways in which art challenges political narratives and structures.

#### *Kopfkino*

The film Kopfkino consists of a series of stories told by eight women, seven of whom are BDSM sex workers, and one working as an actress. The women are gathered around a table, dressed as different female clichés of sexual fantasies. They all face the camera, which slowly moves from person to personas the women share their stories and experiences and discuss the work they do or have done. Intimate details and descriptions of taboos highlight questions of forbidden sexual fantasies and the limits between sexual pleasure and violation. Ultimately the film asks what constitutes reality in a universe governed by fictional roles and games, as in BDSM.

In 2013, Kopfkino won the Best Documentary at the 8th Porn Film Festival in Berlin and the Art Critic's Award in Norway. It was also nominated for Best Documentary at the Amanda Award, Norway and Best Nordic Documentary at CPH:DOX, Denmark.

#### *Dirty Young Loose*

The film Dirty Young Loose shows three persons being interrogated, one after another, late one evening after they have acted together in a hotel room scene. The tree characters enact three gendered stereotypes, as encapsulated in the title; dirty man, young boy and loose (i.e. promiscuous) woman. It is unclear which characters have perpetrated what actions, and eventually also the reason for the interrogation. The identity of the interrogators are never revealed nor explained. The film poses questions around issues of authority, surveillance and truth. Based around an idea of so-called objective or neutral video recordings, the film scrutinizes the usage of images in media and judicial cases as proof of guilt, innocence, lies and truth. In 2013 Berg was part of the official Norwegian representation at the 55th International Art Exhibition, la Biennale di Venezia alongside Edvard Munch.

#### *GOMP: Tales of Surveillance in Norway 1948-1989*

In 2014, Lene Berg staged an event about the illegal surveillance of dissidents in Norway during the Cold War. Witnesses and actors testified about their personal experience of the political surveillance they had either been subject to or had carried out. The event was conducted as a live television broadcast, an event Berg thought the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation should have organized, but never did.

The project's subsequent film, *GOMP: Tales of Surveillance in Norway 1948-1989*, uses documentary and fictional elements to frame a piece of Norwegian and Cold War history seen through the eyes of the individuals involved on both sides. GOMP and Dirty Young Loose, were both produced by Studio Fjordholm, the film production company of producer Helga Fjordholm.

#### *False Belief*

False Belief is an autobiographical film that documents the prosecution of Lene Berg's partner through the New York legal system. The story tells in retrospect how charges of harassment by their neighbour develop a momentum of their own in court, without any solid base of evidence. Berg uses photographs, court material and her partner's accounts to reconstruct the events that began when the couple first noticed signs of gentrification in their neighbourhood in Harlem. The evidence that is unveiled points towards a larger system of corruption and racist practice within the legal system, that tries to push black people out of certain districts as a part of systematic gentrification.

In 2019 False Belief was nominated for both the Teddy Award and the Amnesty Award during Berlin International Film Festival.

#### *Fra Far/From Father*

Fra Far/From Father is an extensive project with multiple parts in which Berg explores the life, work and death of her father, the late film-director and writer Arnljot Berg who committed suicide in 1982. Part one was the Festival Exhibition at Bergen Kunsthall in 2022. The second part was Bergs first novel, also entitled Fra far, published by the renown Norwegian publisher Kolon in 2023. The third part of the project will be a feature-length film with the working-title "The Horsemen of the Apocalypse" to be produced by Twentyone Pictures.

***The Festival Exhibition (first part of Fra Far/From Father)***
The exhibition deals with Berg's own memory as well as the public representation of her father Arnljot Berg. In 1975, when Lene Berg was nine years old, Arnljot Berg was convicted of the murder of his second wife, Evelyne Zammit. For the Festival Exhibition Berg produced video, audio and installation works using material remnants, newspaper articles and personal memories she has of her father. The works were presented across five separate rooms, each exploring a different perspective on the persona of her father. The starting point is a short film entitled "The Day Rises“which follows the process of Berg memorising the scene of the crime before her father’s arrest, despite the fact that she had not been present. The questions about the veracity of memory raised by the film continue throughout the rest of the exhibition. Berg does not try to recreate the exact events of her childhood or to draw a coherent image of her father. Instead, her works investigate the inseparability of fact and fiction within memories. The different medial representations and viewpoints through which Arnljot Berg appears, show the difficulty of enduring the incongruence of a person who is at once a loving father and a convicted murderer.

The exhibition is accompanied by an artist’s book based on Arnljot Berg’s book Fengsel (1979).In addition to the original text, the book consists of inserted letters, pictures, drawings and texts that both add to and contradict Arnljot Berg’s original publication.

## Filmography

| Title | Year | Length | Production location/notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| The Day Rises | 2022 | 7 minutes | Berlin/Oslo |
| False Belief | 2019 | 103 minutes | produced by FABB001 AS |
| Gomp: Tales of Surveillance in Norway 1948-1989 | 2014 | 84 minutes | produced by Studio Fjordholm A/S, Oslo |
| Dirty Young Loose | 2013 | 32 minutes | produced by Studio Fjordholm A/S, Oslo |
| Kopfkino | 2012 | 75 minutes | Berlin |
| Shaving the Baroness | 2010 | 7'30 minutes | Berlin |
| The Drowned One | 2008 | 17 minutes | New York |
| Stalin by Picasso or Portrait of Woman with Moustache | 2008 | 30 minutes | Oslo/New York 2008 |
| The Weimar Conspiracy | 2007 | 13 minutes | Oslo |
| Sketches for Nietzsches Laughter | 2007 | 2 minutes | Oslo |
| The Man in the Background | 2006 | 20 minutes | Stockholm/Oslo |
| Arschkeks | 2005 | 2 minutes | in collaboration with Nicoleta Esinencu, Stuttgart |
| The Second | 2001 | 5 minutes | Stockholm |
| 33 minutes | 1999 | 33 minutes | produced by Hinden /Länna-ateljéerna AB, Stockholm |
| A Woman's Head (En Kvinnas Huvud) | 1997 | 110 minutes | produced by Hinden/Länna- ateljéerna AB, Stockholm |
| Scent of Happiness (Doft av Lycka) | 1991 | 26 minutes | produced by Andersö & Berg for Dramatiska Institutet, Stockholm |
| 7 (Sju/seven) | 1991 | 26 minutes | Dramatiska Institutet, Stockholm 1991 |
|

## Publications

* *Fra Far / From Father*, exhibition calatogue, 237 pages, inserts, ed: Axel Wieder, Bergen Kunsthall 2022
* *Gompen og andre beretninger om overvåking i Norge 1948 - 1989*, 40 pages, illustrated, ed: Bo Krister Wahlström and Line Ulekleiv with texts by Nils Petter Gleditsch, Tormod Bakke and Wencke Mühleisen KORO/URO 2014
* *Dirty Young Loose (Ung Løs Gris)*, booklet, 16 pages, illustrated, Studio Fjordholm 2013
* *Lene Berg*, exhibition catalogue, 100 pages, illustrated, ed: Caroline Ugelstad with texts by Sabeth Buchmann, Dieter Roelstraete and Katarina Gregos, Sternberg Press & Henie Onstad Kunstsenter 2012
* *Kopfkino*, booklet, 34 pages, illustrated, Henie Onstad Kunstsenter 2012
* *Stalin by Picasso or Portrait of Woman with Moustache*, 180 pages, illustrated, Oslo 2008
* *Encounter – Gentlemen & Arseholes*, 160 pages with inlays, Berlin/Oslo 2006
* *Darwin in Warsaw*, 96 pages, illustrated, Warsaw 2005
* *Picturing Hegel*, Leporello, Stuttgart 2005

## Awards and collections

Lene Berg has received several awards for her work including The Elephant Prize, Momentum/The Nordic Art Biennial 2000; Lorck Schive Art Grant 2013 and The Royal Caribbean Art Grant 2013. In 2019 her film False Belief has been nominated for the Teddy Award and the Amnesty Award. Her work has been acquired by Museum of Modern Art (MoMa), New York; National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design, Oslo and Henie Onstad Kunstsenter, as well as private collectors.

## InfoBox

| Lene Berg | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1965-04-26) 26 April 1965<br>Oslo, Norway |
| Occupation(s) | Director, author, artist |
| Years active | 1997–present |
| Notable work | *Kopfkino*, *Stalin by Picasso*, *False Belief*, *Fra Far (From Father)* |


title: William Courtenay (died 1630)

abstract: Sir William Courtenay of Powderham in Devon was a prominent member of the Devonshire gentry. He was Sheriff of Devon in 1579–80 and received the rare honour of having been three times elected MP for the prestigious county seat (Devon) in 1584, 1589 and 1601.

text:
# William Courtenay (died 1630)

**Sir William Courtenay** (June 1553 – 24 June 1630) of Powderham in Devon was a prominent member of the Devonshire gentry. He was Sheriff of Devon in 1579–80 and received the rare honour of having been three times elected MP for the prestigious county seat (Devon) in 1584, 1589 and 1601.

## Origins

He was the only son and heir of Sir William Courtenay (c.1529 – 1557) of Powderham, MP for Plympton Erle in 1555, by Elizabeth, daughter of John Paulet, 2nd Marquess of Winchester. His sister Jane married Sir Nicholas Parker. After his father's death, his mother subsequently married Sir Henry Ughtred, son of Sir Anthony Ughtred and his second wife, Elizabeth Seymour, sister to Jane, third consort of Henry VIII.

## Career

In 1557 at the age of 4, he succeeded his father. He trained as a lawyer in the Middle Temple. He was knighted on 25 March 1576, and in 1577 was commissioned as one of two Colonels of the East Division of the Devon Trained Bands. He served as Sheriff of Devon for 1579–80 and was also involved in the Munster Plantation in Ireland in the 1580s, being granted Desmond Hall and Castle in Newcastle West. Sir William was elected as a Member of Parliament for Devon in 1584, 1589 and 1601. In 1831 he was recognised by a retrospective decision of the House of Lords as having been *de jure* 3rd Earl of Devon.

## Marriages and issue

He married three times:

### First marriage

He married firstly, around 18 January 1573, Elizabeth Manners, a daughter of Henry Manners, 2nd Earl of Rutland, and by her had seven sons and three daughters:

* Sir William Courtenay, (died 1603), eldest son and heir apparent, knighted 1599, died without progeny and predeceased his father.
* Francis Courtenay, (1576 – 3 Jun 1638), of Powderham, MP, 2nd but eldest surviving son and heir. In 1831 he was recognised retrospectively as having been *de jure* 4th Earl of Devon.
* Thomas Courtenay
* Sir George Oughtred Courtenay(born c.1580–85), 1st Baronet of Newcastle, Limerick, married by 1616, Catherine, daughter of Francis Berkeley of Askeaton, Limerick, and by her had three sons:

* Sir William Courtenay (born c.1616), 2nd Baronet
* Francis Courtenay (born c.1617)
* Morris Courtenay
* John Courtenay
* Alexander Courtenay
* Edward Courtenay
* Margaret Courtenay, eldest daughter, whose mural monument with kneeling effigy survives in St Mary Magdalene's Church, Richmond, Surrey. She married firstly Sir Warwick Hele (1568-1626) of Wembury in Devon, MP, secondly Sir John Chudleigh (born 1584), knighted by King Charles I 22 Sept 1625, 3rd son of John Chudleigh (1565-1589) of Ashton, Devon, and younger brother of Sir George Chudleigh, 1st Baronet (d.1656).
* Bridget Courtenay
* Elizabeth Courtenay, 3rd daughter, who married Sir William Wrey, 1st Baronet of Tawstock in Devon. Her father's arms survive, impaled by Wrey, on the monument of her father-in-law John Wrey (d.1597) in Tawstock Church.

### Second marriage

He married secondly Elizabeth (d. 1598), a daughter of Sir George Sydenham of Combe Sydenham in Somerset and widow of Sir Francis Drake (d. 1596).

### Third marriage

Thirdly he married Jane Hill, a daughter of Robert Hill of Taunton, Somerset.

## Death

He died in London on 24 June 1630 and was buried in Powderham Church, Devon. He was succeeded by his son, Francis.

## Sources

## InfoBox

| William CourtenayKt. | |
| --- | --- |
| Arms of Sir William Courtenay (1553–1630) of Powderham: *Quarterly 1st & 4th, Or, three torteaux gules (Courtenay); 2nd & 3rd: Or, a lion rampant azure (Redvers)* | |
| Born | June 1553 |
| Died | 24 June 1630(1630-00-00) (aged 76–77)
London |
| Resting place | St Clement's Church, Powderham, Devon
50°39′01″N 3°27′17″W / 50.6503°N 3.4547°W / 50.6503; -3.4547 |
| Nationality | English |
| Occupation(s) | MP, lawyer |
| Spouses | * Elizabeth Manners * Elizabeth Sydenham * Jane Hill |
| Children | Sir William Courtenay
Francis Courtenay
Thomas Courtenay
George Courtenay
John Courtenay
Alexander Courtenay
Edward Courtenay
Margaret Courtenay
Bridget Courtenay
Elizabeth Courtenay |
| Parent(s) | Sir William Courtenay
Elizabeth Paulet |


title: William Franks (died 1790)

abstract: William Franks was an early English property developer who was instrumental in the development of Percy Street, Rathbone Street and Charlotte Street in central London in the area now known as Fitzrovia. He married a member of the Pepys family and built the Percy Chapel in Charlotte Street.

text:
# William Franks (died 1790)

**William Franks** (died 1790) was an early English property developer who was instrumental in the development of Percy Street, Rathbone Street and Charlotte Street in central London in the area now known as Fitzrovia. He married a member of the Pepys family and built the Percy Chapel in Charlotte Street.

## Family

Franks married Mary Pepys, a relative of the diarist Samuel Pepys, in 1753. They had one child, William. Mary died in 1805.

## Building works

In the 1760s, Franks, a "gentleman", was granted various building leases by land-owners Francis and William Goodge on ground in the area now known as Fitzrovia. As a result of these leases he was responsible for the construction of large parts of Percy Street, Rathbone Street and Charlotte Street. In 1764–65, he built the Percy Chapel in Charlotte Street which was opened in January 1766. The lease was purchased by Michael Duffield in 1766. The chapel was demolished in 1867. It stood immediately opposite the western end of Windmill Street.

Also in 1765, Franks granted a lease to Joseph Francis of the house which is now The Marquis of Granby public house.

## Death

Franks died in 1790. A memorial tablet and floorslab exists to his memory in St John the Baptist church, Kentish Town.


title: William H. Holt

abstract: William Henry Holt was the first judge of the United States District Court for the District of Puerto Rico, as established by the Foraker Act of 1900. Holt was appointed to this position by President William McKinley, and served a single four-year term from 1900 to 1904.

text:
# William H. Holt

**William Henry Holt** (November 29, 1842 – March 6, 1919) was the first judge of the United States District Court for the District of Puerto Rico, as established by the Foraker Act of 1900. Holt was appointed to this position by President William McKinley, and served a single four-year term from 1900 to 1904.

## Biography

Holt was born on November 29, 1842, in Bath County, Kentucky. He was educated in the common schools of Kentucky and later at the Twinsburg Institute in Ohio and the Fort Edward Institute in New York. He graduated, summa cum laude, in 1862, from Albany Law School. He was admitted to the Kentucky bar in 1863 and began practicing law in Mt. Sterling, Kentucky. During this time period he campaigned against slavery and in favor of the Fourteenth Amendment. In 1884, Holt was elected Associate Justice of the Kentucky Court of Errors and Appeals serving as chief justice from 1890 to 1892.

## District Court service

In 1900, President McKinley offered Holt the office of United States district judge for the newly created United States District Court for the District of Puerto Rico, although Holt had not solicited for the job. He accepted the appointment on June 5, 1900, and moved to San Juan, Puerto Rico. Holt oversaw the transition, both from a Spanish Legal System to an American Legal System and from a Military Justice System to a Civilian Justice System. He established local rules for the court. He served on the court until the expiration of his term in mid 1904.

## Later life

After the expiration of his term, Holt returned to Kentucky, living in Pewee Valley. He resumed the practice of law, which he continued until his death on March 6, 1919.

## Further reading

* Guillermo A. Baralt, *History of the Federal Court in Puerto Rico: 1899-1999* (2004) (also published in Spanish as *Historia del Tribunal Federal de Puerto Rico*)

## InfoBox

| William H. Holt | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | William Henry Holt
(1842-11-29)November 29, 1842
Bath County, Kentucky |
| Died | March 6, 1919(1919-03-06) (aged 76)
Pewee Valley, Kentucky |
| Education | Albany Law School |
| Occupation | Jurist |
| Signature | |
|  | |


title: Lene Beier

abstract: Lene Beier is a Danish television presenter, who in 2014 was named "Star of Stars of the Year" by Billed Bladet's readers for the TV-GULD party. In 2016 she received the award as "The Women's Entertaining Host of the Year". Lene Beier got her breakthrough on TV 2 Fri, where she was at Frihuset together with, among others, Cecilie Hother and Thomas Uhrskov from 5 May 2013 to 31 December 2014. Lene Beier has also hosted other programmes at TV2 such as En stor dag på godset and the dating programme Landmand søger kærlighed, but also Klar, Parat, Sy, Mit Frirum, Kurs mod fjerne kyster ekstra and Mit Livs Eventyr. In June 2015, Lene Beier had been at the royal wedding between Prince Carl Philip of Sweden and Princess Sofia, together with her colleague Morten Ankerdal, and in 2016 she participated in the 13th edition of Vild med dans.

text:
# Lene Beier

**Lene Beier** (born Lene Ransborg; 29 May 1977 in Skive) is a Danish television presenter, who in 2014 was named "Star of Stars of the Year" by *Billed Bladet'*s readers for the TV-GULD party. In 2016 she received the award as "The Women's Entertaining Host of the Year".

Lene Beier got her breakthrough on TV 2 Fri, where she was at *Frihuset* together with, among others, Cecilie Hother and Thomas Uhrskov from 5 May 2013 to 31 December 2014. Lene Beier has also hosted other programmes at TV2 such as *En stor dag på godset* and the dating programme *Landmand søger kærlighed*, but also *Klar, Parat, Sy*, *Mit Frirum*, *Kurs mod fjerne kyster ekstra* and *Mit Livs Eventyr*.

In June 2015, Lene Beier had been at the royal wedding between Prince Carl Philip of Sweden and Princess Sofia, together with her colleague Morten Ankerdal, and in 2016 she participated in the 13th edition of *Vild med dans*.

## InfoBox

| Lene Beier | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Lene Ransborg
(1977-05-29) 29 May 1977
Skive, Denmark |
| Occupation | Television presenter |
| Spouse | Anders Beier |
| **Career** | |
| Station | TV 2 Fri |
| Previous shows | * *Frihuset* * *En stor dag på godset* * *Landmand søger kærlighed* * *Klar, Parat, Sy* * *Mit Frirum* * *Kurs mod fjerne kyster ekstra* * *Mit Livs Eventyr* |
|  | |


title: William Hinton Campbell

abstract: William Hinton Campbell (1819-55) was an English architect who won gold and silver medals from the Royal Academy, London. After working in Bath and London, he emigrated to Australia. He formally retired from architecture in 1854. He started the first steam ferry service between Perth and Fremantle.

text:
# William Hinton Campbell

**William Hinton Campbell** (1819-55) was an English architect who won gold and silver medals from the Royal Academy, London. After working in Bath and London, he emigrated to Australia. He formally retired from architecture in 1854. He started the first steam ferry service between Perth and Fremantle.

## Family life

William Campbell was born in 1819, the son of John Campbell, an Irish-born army major, and Ann Baker, an heiress from the Isle of Wight. He was named after William Hinton, a farmer who left a bequest of £300 a year to his mother. Campbell was the second William Hinton; his older brother died as a baby while his family were in the West Indies.

In 1844 Campbell married Hannah Bird, the daughter of a grocer in Park Street, London.

## Career

On 16 March 1840, Campbell became an associate of the Royal Institute of British Architects, proposed by architects Philip Hardwick, John Shaw Jr. and Ambrose Poynter.

He was recommended to the RA by Hardwick and began his studies in Piccadilly, London on 21 April 1840. At the time he was living at 16 Daniel Street, Bath. The Directory of British Architects 1834-1914 says that in 1840 Campbell was a pupil of Henry Goodridge (1797-1864). He won the RA silver medal for architecture in 1840. His work for this included “Elevation, St Martin-in-the-Fields”.

He won the gold medal in 1841 (one of three presented that year, and the only one for architecture). His work for this included “A Design for a House of Lords and Common \[sic\]” and “The Front of a Theatre”.

In 1842, the St Martin-in-the-Fields and Parliament drawings were shown at the Academy summer show.

Campbell designed a pulpit, desk and stalls for Broad Hinton church, Wiltshire, in 1843.

He exhibited at the RA twice more, in 1844 and 1849. The first work was Portsea Island Union Workhouse and the second was the new assize courts, Liverpool, “from a design by the late Harvey Lonsdale Elmes”. The courts are part of St George's Hall, Liverpool.

During his career his addresses included Daniel Street, Bath and Park Street, Argyll Street, Oakley Square, and Mornington Crescent, London.

Campbell formally retired from architecture in 1854.

## Emigration

Campbell and his wife emigrated to Australia in the early 1850s but his wife died in Melbourne in 1853. It is not known if they had any children. Campbell then went to Perth where he bought a boat, *Les Trois Amis*, starting the first steam ferry service between Perth and Fremantle.

## Death

On 3 November 1855 Campbell swam after his dinghy which had broken loose. His trowsers \[sic\] came down while he was in the water and he drowned. He was 36 years old. He was buried at East Perth Cemeteries on 6 November.

In 1856 there was a grant of letters of administration to the Supreme Court of Western Australia. In 1872–73 there was a court case in connection with the distribution of his late mother's money.

## Family connections

Campbell was the uncle of singer and opera company manager Charles Manners by his sister Jane Campbell (1834–1900). Manners was born two years after William Hinton Campbell's death.

1. "Court of Appeal in Chancery". *The Law Times*. No. 32. London. 1859. p. 169. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
2. Dickson, Rod (1993). *Steam Whistles on the Swan (Department of Maritime Archaeology Report Series Number 70)* (PDF). Western Australia: Western Australian Museum. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
3. "William Hinton Campbell - State Records Office of WA". Archive.sro.wa.gov.au. Retrieved 2023-04-14.
4. "The Law Times - Google Books". Retrieved 2023-04-14.

## InfoBox

| William Hinton Campbell | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1819 (1819) |
| Died | 3 November 1855(1855-11-03) (aged 35–36) |
| Occupation | Architect |


title: Lenuk FC

abstract: Lenuk FC is a Vanuatuan football team based in Weso, Malakula Island. Besides football, the club also has a Futsal team. The club plays in the Malekula Premier League.

text:
# Lenuk FC

**Lenuk FC** is a Vanuatuan football team based in Weso, Malakula Island. Besides football, the club also has a Futsal team. The club plays in the Malekula Premier League.

## History

Lenuk FC is founded in 1978 by Pastor George Kanu from Ifira. They play in blue and white.

## 2016

In 2016 they qualified for the 2016 VFF National Super League for the first time. Though they lost all of their 4 group games against Malampa Revivors, Rainbow, Eastland and Rangers. After the tournament four players joined Vanuatu top club Shepherds United: Sison Joshua, Greg Vetkon, Klensly Jayvie and Timothy Bila

## Honours

Unknown

## InfoBox

Lenuk FC
| Full name | Lenuk Football Club |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | 1978 |
| Manager | Obed Jimmy |
| League | VFF National Super League |
| 2016 | Group Stage |


title: William L. Hanaway

abstract: William L. Hanaway (1929-2018) was an American scholar and professor of Asian and Middle Eastern Studies at the University of Pennsylvania. He was a president of the Association for Iranian Studies (2000). He was also a member of the Editorial Board of A History of Persian Literature and a consultant and contributor to the Encyclopœdia Iranica.

text:
# William L. Hanaway

**William L. Hanaway** (1929-2018) was an American scholar and professor of Asian and Middle Eastern Studies at the University of Pennsylvania. He was a president of the Association for Iranian Studies (2000). He was also a member of the Editorial Board of A History of Persian Literature and a consultant and contributor to the Encyclopœdia Iranica.

## Bibliography

* Literacy in the Persianate World: Writing and the Social Order, 2012
* Reading Nastaliq: Persian and Urdu Hands from 1500 to the Present (English, Persian and Urdu Edition), 2007
* Studies in Pakistani Popular Culture, 1996

## Awards

* Research Foundation Awards for “Analytical Description of the Tashkent Dialect of Uzbek” in 1992

## InfoBox

| William L. Hanaway | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1929 |
| Died | 2018 |
| Spouse | Lorraine Kure (m. 1959) |


title: William L. Hart

abstract: William Lincoln Hart was a lawyer in the U.S. State of Ohio who served as a justice of the Supreme Court of Ohio. He taught law at university, and was president of the Ohio State Bar Association.

text:
# William L. Hart

**William Lincoln Hart** (February 5, 1867  April 29, 1962) was a lawyer in the U.S. State of Ohio who served as a justice of the Supreme Court of Ohio. He taught law at university, and was president of the Ohio State Bar Association.

## Biography

William Lincoln Hart was born February 5, 1867, to Benjamin F. and Ariel S. (Dreghorn) Hart of Salineville or Inverness, Columbiana County, Ohio. He attended the schools of Columbiana County, and began teaching at age 18. He alternated teaching and attending Mount Union College, Alliance, Stark County, Ohio, for seven years, and graduated A.B. in 1893. He taught in the schools of his home district, and Madison and Butler Townships, Columbiana County, and Paris Township, Stark County. During 1893 to 1895 he was city editor of the Alliance *Daily Critic*. In 1895 he entered the University of Michigan Law School, and graduated Bachelor of Laws in 1897. He was president of the senior class and was Alpha Tau Omega.

Hart was admitted to the bar in Ohio, June 10, 1897, and to the United States District Court for the Northern District of Ohio and United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit, March 23, 1903. He began practice in Alliance October 1, 1897, and partnered with Dennis E. Rogers March 1898 to Roger's death January, 1903 as *Rodgers and Hart*. Partnered from February 1903 with Hugo C. Koehler as *Hart & Koehler*, and ended up with *Hart, Blumenstein and Strong*. He was elected president of the Ohio State Bar Association 1923-1924, and lectured on international law and international relations at Mt. Union College, where he also served as trustee.

Hart was a member of the legal advisory board of Stark County during World War I. In November, 1934, Hart was elected as a Republican to fill a short term on the Ohio Supreme Court, and resumed private practice afterward.

Hart was elected to a six-year term in 1938, re-elected in 1944 and again in 1950, retiring at age 89. He died in 1962, and was buried in Alliance City Cemetery.

Hart was a member of the Ohio Society of Mayflower Descendants, the Knights Templar, Knights of Pythias, Methodist Episcopal Church, American Society of International Law, and the American Society of Legal Authors. He was married September 15, 1897, to Ida B. Caskey of Alliance, and had two sons, both attorneys, Ian Bruce Hart, and William Lincoln Hart, Jr.

## Publications

* Hart, William Lincoln. *Hart family history : Silas Hart, his ancestors and descendants*. Alliance, Ohio. OCLC 13256489.

## InfoBox

| William Lincoln Hart | |
| --- | --- |
| William L. Hart in 1921 | |
|  | |
| Associate Justice of the Ohio Supreme Court | |
| **In office**
November, 1934  December 1934 | |
| Preceded by | Robert Nugen Wilkin |
| Succeeded by | Arthur H. Day |
| **In office**
January 1939  January 1957 | |
| Preceded by | William C. Dixon |
| Succeeded by | Thomas J. Herbert |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1867-02-05)February 5, 1867
Columbiana County, Ohio |
| Died | April 29, 1962(1962-04-29) (aged 95)
Alliance, Ohio |
| Resting place | Alliance City Cemetery |
| Political party | Republican |
| Spouse | Ida B. Caskey |
| Children | Ian Bruce, William Lincoln Jr. |
| Alma mater | Mount Union College
University of Michigan Law School |
|  | |


title: Lenzie RFC

abstract: Lenzie RFC is a rugby union side based in Lenzie, East Dunbartonshire, Scotland. The club was founded in 1898. They play their home games at Viewfield.

text:
# Lenzie RFC

**Lenzie RFC** is a rugby union side based in Lenzie, East Dunbartonshire, Scotland. The club was founded in 1898. They play their home games at Viewfield.

## History

The opening match of Lenzie RFC was reputed to be against the crew of HMS Benbow in 1898.

The club won the SRU's Scotland's team of the month competition in March 2019.

They won the Tennents West Division 2 in season 2018–19.

As well as a 1st and 2nd Men's XV, the club also run Junior sides for boys and girls and a Women's XV.

## Notable former players

### Glasgow Warriors

The following former Lenzie players went on to represent Glasgow Warriors.

## Lenzie Sevens

Lenzie play host to the Lenzie Sevens tournament. The tournament has run since 1969.

## Honours

* Lenzie Sevens
    + Champions: 1970, 1977, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1990, 1995
* St. Mungos Sevens
    + Champions: 1980, 1983
* Dumfries Sevens
    + Champions: 1981
* Lanarkshire Sevens
    + Champions: 1977, 1979
* Helensburgh Sevens
    + Champions: 1977, 1979, 1981
* Hillfoots Sevens
* Stirling Sevens
    + Champions: 1954, 1959
* West Division 2
    + Champions: 2019
* Glasgow Warriors Community Club of the Season
    + Champions: 2018-19

## InfoBox

Lenzie RFC
| Full name | Lenzie Rugby Football Club |
| --- | --- |
| Union | Scottish Rugby Union |
| Founded | 1898 (1898) |
| Location | Lenzie, Scotland |
| Ground(s) | Viewfield |
| League(s) | West Division One |
| 2019–20 | West Division Two, 5th of 10 |


title: Zajeziorze, Gmina Kikół

abstract: Zajeziorze is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kikół, within Lipno County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland.

text:
# Zajeziorze, Gmina Kikół

**Zajeziorze** \[zajɛˈʑɔʐɛ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kikół, within Lipno County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland.

## InfoBox

| Zajeziorze | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Zajeziorze | |
| Coordinates: 52°57′20″N 19°07′58″E / 52.95556°N 19.13278°E / 52.95556; 19.13278 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Kuyavian-Pomeranian |
| County | Lipno |
| Gmina | Kikół |


title: Stare Lewkowo

abstract: Stare Lewkowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Narewka, within Hajnówka County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland, close to the border with Belarus, on the river Narewka. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) north-west of Narewka, 19 km (12 mi) north-east of Hajnówka, and 45 km (28 mi) south-east of the regional capital Białystok.

text:
# Stare Lewkowo

**Stare Lewkowo** \[ˈstarɛ lɛfˈkɔvɔ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Narewka, within Hajnówka County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland, close to the border with Belarus, on the river Narewka. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) north-west of Narewka, 19 km (12 mi) north-east of Hajnówka, and 45 km (28 mi) south-east of the regional capital Białystok.

## InfoBox

| Stare Lewkowo | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Stare Lewkowo, July 2009 | |
| Stare Lewkowo | |
| Coordinates: 52°53′N 23°42′E / 52.883°N 23.700°E / 52.883; 23.700 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Podlaskie |
| County | Hajnówka |
| Gmina | Narewka |
| Population | 450 |
| Area code | (+48) 85 |
| Vehicle registration | BHA |
| Website | www.wlewkowo.republika.pl |


title: WMAY-FM

abstract: WMAY-FM is a commercial radio station licensed to Taylorville, Illinois, and serving the Springfield metropolitan area. It is owned by Mid-West Family Broadcasting. The station has a news/talk radio format on weekdays and plays classic hits nights and weekends. WMAY-FM has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 11,500 watts. The radio studios and offices are on North Third Street in Riverton, Illinois.

text:
# WMAY-FM

**WMAY-FM** (92.7 MHz) is a commercial radio station licensed to Taylorville, Illinois, and serving the Springfield metropolitan area. It is owned by Mid-West Family Broadcasting. The station has a news/talk radio format on weekdays and plays classic hits nights and weekends.

WMAY-FM has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 11,500 watts. The radio studios and offices are on North Third Street in Riverton, Illinois.

## Programming

Weekdays on WMAY-FM begin with "The WMAY Newsfeed," a local news and information show hosted by Greg Bishop. Local talk shows are heard in late mornings with Mike Wennmacher and in afternoon drive time with Jim Leach. The syndicated "Ramsey Show with Dave Ramsey" is carried in early afternoons. Evenings and overnights feature "Hits and Headlines," a mix of classic hits and news updates from ABC News Radio and the WMAY newsroom.

Weekends feature programs on money, health, law, real estate, computers, guns and an hour devoted to the music of the Grateful Dead. Some weekend shows are paid brokered programming. The rest of the weekend is "Hits and Headlines."

## History

The station signed on the air in December 1968. It was 3,000-watt **WTIM-FM**, playing beautiful music and featuring local high school sports events. It was the FM counterpart to WTIM (AM 1410, now WIHM) which was a daytimer. From 1975 to 1983, the station was **WEEE** (known as "Triple E" and later "W-3-E") with a variety of contemporary music formats, starting as adult contemporary then changing to "Rock 'n' Gold" (an AC/oldies hybrid) and then to album oriented rock. As an AOR station, the station first began to attract an audience in the Springfield market and was drawing much of its advertising revenue from there.

WEEE was sold in 1984 and the new owners changed the format to country music as **WTJY**. The station was sold again two years later and the format became satellite-fed AC. In 1990, WTJY took on a dayparted format with AAA/Rock mix during the day and a hard-rock/Heavy Metal mix at night. The station also featured the "Todd & Joe morning show" with Todd Ellis and Joe Swank, both of whom went on to work at WKCM/WLME in Hawesville, KY/Tell City, Indiana after the station sale in 1993. The station also featured Rick Elliott music director and afternoon host, later left to become Operations Manager of WJVO/WJIL in Jacksonville, IL, and Shawn Balint, who went by the handle of "Doc Rock".

Ownership of WTIM and WTJY became separate in 1993 (thanks to deregulation making it possible for Springfield "clusters" to add a station), with WTJY going to Mid-West Family Broadcast Group to become part of the company's Springfield station cluster as **WQLZ**. The station also was granted a power increase to 11,500 watts and a tower relocation into Sangamon County to get city-grade coverage of Springfield without relinquishing city-grade coverage of Taylorville. Ellis was on the new WQLZ for a time and Balint remained with WTIM. Meanwhile, WTIM later gained a new FM sister to serve Taylorville in 94.3 WMKR, and moved to its current frequency of 97.3 in 1996 while a Catholic religious broadcaster took over the AM 1410 signal.

During the 1990s, WQLZ was the only radio station in the Central Illinois area with live DJs 24 hours a day, featuring "Ray Lytle's Morning Disaster" hosted by Ray Lytle with his brother Bodine, as well as Jim the Photographer, Mikey, Shawn Balint (who returned to the frequency sometime in the decade), Rocky, Mychelle the Weather Babe, Brando and Rich, Marvin, Larz, and others. In 2006, Balint went on to the St. Louis market, Mikey left radio, and in November 2007, Jim the Photographer died in his home.

On August 24, 2015, WQLZ began temporarily simulcasting on WLCE, which became the new home for WQLZ on September 4. On that day, 92.7 began stunting with TV theme songs as "TV 93" and changed its call sign to WUSW-FM. On the 8th, 92.7 flipped to country as "92.7 US Country". The call sign **WUSW** was briefly moved to 1670 AM in Madison, WI, until WUSW-FM assumed the call sign on the 22nd.

On August 28, 2020, Midwest Family announced that WUSW would drop its country format and begin simulcasting WMAY on September 1. The addition of 92.7 expanded WMAY’s FM coverage to areas to the south and east of Springfield. The station changed its call letters to **WMAY-FM**, effective February 10, 2021.

## InfoBox

WMAY-FM
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Broadcast area | Springfield metropolitan area |
| Frequency | 92.7 MHz |
| Branding | *News Talk 92.7 WMAY* |
| Programming | |
| Format | News/talk weekdays
Classic hits nights and weekends |
| Affiliations | Fox News Radio
Compass Media Networks
Premiere Networks
Radio America
Westwood One
Springfield Lucky Horseshoes |
| Ownership | |
| Owner |  |
| Sister stations | WQLZ, WMAY, WNNS |
| History | |
| First air date | 1967 (as WTIM-FM) |
| Former call signs | WTIM-FM (1967–1975)
WEEE (1975–1983)
WTJY (1983–1993)
WQLZ (1993–2015)
WUSW-FM (2015)
WUSW (2015–2021) |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 38346 |
| Class | B1 |
| ERP | 11,500 watts |
| HAAT | 147 meters (482 ft) |
| Transmitter coordinates | 39°38′38″N 89°30′51″W / 39.64389°N 89.51417°W / 39.64389; -89.51417 |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Webcast | Listen live |
| Website | wmay.com |


title: Mark T. Lambert

abstract: Mark Tracy Lambert was an American businessman and politician from New York.

text:
# Mark T. Lambert

**Mark Tracy Lambert** (April 15, 1895 – April 17, 1962) was an American businessman and politician from New York.

## Life

Lambert was born on April 15, 1895, in Lockport, New York, the son of Lenore and Thomas Lambert.

Lambert attended the local public and high schools. In 1913, he began working in the hardware business with his father. He enlisted in the Machine Gun Company of the 74th New York Infantry to serve in the Mexican border. During World War I, he was sent overseas with the Machine Gun Company of the 108th Infantry, 27th Division. He was wounded in action and discharged in May 1918 after three years of service.

In 1923, Lambert was elected to the New York State Assembly as a Republican, representing the Niagara County 1st District. He served in the Assembly in 1924, 1925, and 1926.

For many years, Lambert was the owner and operator of the Lambert Hardware Store in Lockport. He later moved to Woodgate.

Lambert was a member and first commander of the local American Legion post. In 1921, he married Mignomme Marantette of Binghamton. They had a son, Marc E. He was also a master of the local Freemason lodge.

Lambert died in Dunedin, Florida, where he was vacationing with his wife, on April 17, 1962. He was buried in Arlington National Cemetery. in Washington, D.C.


title: Wometco Enterprises

abstract: Wometco Enterprises is an American company headquartered in Coral Gables, Florida; a suburb of Miami. It was once a large media company with diversified holdings, but slowly sold off its assets during the early 1980s, and owned the Miami Seaquarium until it was sold in 2014.

text:
# Wometco Enterprises

**Wometco Enterprises** (also known simply as **Wometco**) is an American company headquartered in Coral Gables, Florida; a suburb of Miami. It was once a large media company with diversified holdings, but slowly sold off its assets during the early 1980s, and owned the Miami Seaquarium until it was sold in 2014.

## History

Wometco was founded in 1925 as the **Wo**lfson-**Me**yer **T**heater **Co**mpany, a movie theatre chain based in Miami. The company's co-founders were brothers-in-law Mitchell Wolfson (1900–1983) and Sidney Meyer. The first movie theater opened by the firm was the Capitol Theater in downtown Miami, built in 1926. Over the years the company built up the largest chain of movie theaters in South Florida, and adopted the portmanteau name of *Wometco* sometime in the 1950s.

In 1949 Wometco moved into broadcasting with the founding of WTVJ in Miami, Florida's first television station. The station signed on in March 1949 from studios inside the Capitol Theatre, which was renovated for television. Wometco was also a founding partner of WFGA-TV (now WTLV) in Jacksonville, Florida, which signed on in September 1957 with Wometco holding 20 percent ownership; though it would gradually decrease its stake over time, Wometco remained the station's primary stockholder until WTLV was sold to Harte-Hanks Communications in 1975.

Wometco purchased a majority interest in WMTV in Madison, Wisconsin in June 1957, but sold its shares less than a year later to Lee Enterprises, in April 1958. Also in 1958 the firm purchased controlling interest of WLOS-AM-FM-TV in Asheville, North Carolina, and KVOS-TV in Bellingham, Washington was added in 1961. In 1976 Wometco bought WTVG (now WFUT-TV) in Newark, New Jersey, and in 1978 acquired WZZM-TV in Grand Rapids, Michigan. In 1977 Wometco launched a nationwide, over-the-air subscription television service called Wometco Home Theater, using WTVG as its flagship station.

Wometco expanded its non-entertainment holdings in 1955, with the opening of the Miami Seaquarium. It bought the Blue Circle hamburger chain, based in Knoxville, Tennessee in 1966, but sold it in 1974.

At one point, Wometco also owned the largest movie theaters chain in Puerto Rico.

## Transition, sales and breakup

Wometco co-founder Mitchell Wolfson died on January 28, 1983, of a heart attack, survived by two children: son Mitchell Wolfson, Jr. and daughter Frances Wolfson Cary. (Mitchell Wolfson was widowed when wife Frances Meyer Wolfson died in 1980; eldest son Louis Wolfson II died a year earlier.) The elder Wolfson's death was preceded by two heart attacks in February 1982 that also fueled speculation about the company's financial health as he remained chairman and was the largest Wometco stockholder right up to his death.

Contrary to public boasts made by the elder Wolfson of a "secret plan" to prevent Wometco from ever being sold off, there were no such plans for the company in his will nor was anyone designated by him as a succeeding chairman. The lack of any plan for Wometco led some within the company to believe that the elder Wolfson's true "secret plan" was never to leave. Bereft of any guidance by the elder Wolfson, the family and company board sold Wometco to merchant bank Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co. (KKR) on September 21, 1983, in a $1 billion (USD) leveraged buyout. At the time, it was both the largest corporate transaction in Florida history and a record amount for a leveraged buyout.

Wometco was taken private and split into two separate entities, one based around the six television stations and Wometco Home Theater, and the other centered around the 45 movie theaters, the Miami Seaquarium, the Citrus Tower, the vending machine division, the bottling/soft drink division and 47 cable television systems. Plans were immediately announced by KKR-appointed management to sell off the theaters and non-broadcasting entertainment properties which were seen as financial underperformers. The bulk of these assets were acquired by Wometco chief operating officer Arthur Hertz on April 29, 1985, while the bottling operations—one of the largest Coca-Cola bottlers in the nation—were sold separately.

Wometco's cable systems were also divested as was WTVJ following a subsequent takeover of Storer Communications by KKR. WTVJ was initially sold to Lorimar-Telepictures for $405 million on May 21, 1986, as part of a larger $1.85 billion deal. After that purchase offer fell through, NBC's parent company General Electric bought the station on January 16, 1987, for $270 million, which initiated a complicated six-station network affiliation switch in both Miami and West Palm Beach on January 1, 1989.

In 1994, Cobb Theatres bought out the Wometco movie theatre chain. The Cobb chain would later merge into Regal Entertainment Group.

Wometco today still owns a franchise of Baskin-Robbins/Dunkin' Donuts stores in Miami, the Caribbean and Puerto Rico.

In March 2014, The Miami Seaquarium was sold to Palace Entertainment, a California-based company.

## Former Wometco-owned stations

### Television stations

Stations are arranged alphabetically by state and city of license.

| Station | City of license / Market | Channel | Years owned | Current status |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| WFGA-TV/WTLV | Jacksonville, FL | 12 | 1957–1975 | NBC affiliate owned by Tegna Inc. |
| WTVJ \** | MiamiFort Lauderdale, FL | 4 | 1949–1984 | NBC owned-and-operated (O&O) on channel 6 |
| WZZM-TV | Grand RapidsKalamazooBattle Creek, MI | 13 | 1978–1984 | ABC affiliate owned by Tegna Inc. |
| WTVG/WWHT | Newark, NJNew York, NY | 68 | 1976–1984 | UniMás owned-and-operated (O&O) WFUT-DT |
| WSNL-TV | Smithtown, NY | 67 | 1980–1984 | True Crime Network affiliate, WFTY-TV, owned by TelevisaUnivision |
| WLOS-TV | Asheville, NCGreenvilleSpartanburg, SC | 13 | 1958–1984 | ABC affiliate owned by Sinclair Broadcast Group |
| KVOS-TV | Bellingham, WAVancouver, BC | 12 | 1961–1984 | Univision affiliate owned by Weigel Broadcasting |
| WMTV | Madison, WI | 33 | 1957–1958 | NBC affiliate owned by Gray Television |

### Radio stations

| **AM Station** | **FM Station** |
| --- | --- |

| Market | Station | Years owned | Current status |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Asheville, NC | WLOS 1380 | 1958–1969 | WKJV, owned by International Baptist Outreach Missions |
| | WLOS-FM 99.9 | 1958–1984 | WKSF, owned by iHeartMedia |

### Notes

* **\**** WTVJ was the only station which was built and signed on by Wometco

1. Parks 1981. p. 211
2. "KCOP (TV), WMTV (TV) are sold" (PDF). *Broadcasting – Telecasting*. June 3, 1957. p. 68. Retrieved January 26, 2019.
3. "Changing hands" (PDF). *Broadcasting – Telecasting*. April 7, 1958. p. 76. Retrieved January 26, 2019.
4. "Mitchell Wolfson, 82, dies of a heart attack". *The Miami Herald*. Knight Ridder. January 29, 1983. pp. 1A, 17A. Retrieved April 8, 2021  via Newspapers.com.
5. Splichal, Tom (April 26, 1982). "Wometco sees turnaround in TV operation". *The Miami News Money*. Cox Newspapers. p. 2. Retrieved April 9, 2021  via Newspapers.com.
6. Davis, Dick (May 3, 1982). "Kroger Co. has tenants and analyst's praise". *The Miami Herald Business/Monday*. Knight Ridder. p. 32. Retrieved April 8, 2021  via Newspapers.com.
7. Merzer, Martin (April 26, 1983). "Wometco raises its defenses". *The Miami Herald*. Knight Ridder. pp. 7D-8D. Retrieved April 9, 2021  via Newspapers.com.
8. Merzer, Martin (September 22, 1983). "Wometco price tag is $1 billion". *The Miami Herald*. Knight Ridder. pp. 1A, 3A. Retrieved April 9, 2021  via Newspapers.com.
9. Lyons, David (February 4, 1983). "Wometco board names new officers; Wolfson ignored succession in his will". *The Miami News*. Cox Newspapers. p. 6A. Retrieved April 9, 2021  via Newspapers.com.
10. Dickerson, Brian (February 1, 1983). "Wometco stock peaks on talk of sale". *The Miami Herald*. Knight Ridder. pp. 8D-9D. Retrieved April 8, 2021  via Newspapers.com.
11. Merzer, Martin (February 6, 1983). "The Colonel's plan". *The Miami Herald*. Knight Ridder. pp. 1F, 6F. Retrieved April 9, 2021  via Newspapers.com.
12. Wayne, Leslie. Wometco Agrees To Buyout *New York Times*, September 22, 1983.
13. Sigale, Merwin (September 22, 1983). "Wometco suitor: No shake-up planned". *The Miami News*. Knight Ridder. pp. 1A, 8A. Retrieved April 9, 2021  via Newspapers.com.
14. Sigale, Merwin (September 24, 1983). "Proposed buyer of Wometco is a private giant". *The Miami News*. Cox Newspapers. pp. 1A, 4A. Retrieved April 9, 2021  via Newspapers.com.
15. Sigale, Merwin (April 13, 1984). "Wometco now in private hands; will sell units but not Seaquarium". *The Miami News*. Cox Newspapers. p. 8A. Retrieved April 9, 2021  via Newspapers.com.
16. Birger, Larry (March 12, 1984). "New Wometco to sell its theaters". *The Miami Herald Business/Monday*. Knight Ridder. p. 5. Retrieved April 9, 2021  via Newspapers.com.
17. Russell, James (March 15, 1984). "Wometco buyout breaks up an institution". *The Miami Herald*. Knight Ridder. p. 14C. Retrieved April 9, 2021  via Newspapers.com.
18. Birger, Larry (April 30, 1985). "Wometco sells part of chain". *The Miami Herald*. Knight Ridder. p. 4D. Retrieved April 9, 2021  via Newspapers.com.
19. Sigale, Merwin (October 23, 1986). "WTVJ ownership uncertain after Lorimar exclusion". *The Miami News*. Cox Newspapers. p. 8A. Retrieved April 11, 2021  via Newspapers.com.
20. "Storer Communications now part of SCI Holdings". *The Miami News*. Cox Newspapers. December 6, 1985. p. 10A. Retrieved April 9, 2021  via Newspapers.com.
21. "Lorimar Corp. buying WTVJ in deal with Wometco firm". *The Miami News*. Cox Newspapers. May 21, 1986. p. 10A. Retrieved April 10, 2021  via Newspapers.com.
22. Owens, Dory; Chrissos, Joan (January 17, 1987). "NBC buying Miami's Channel 4; CBS must find new spot on dial". *The Miami Herald*. Knight Ridder. pp. 1A, 18A. Retrieved April 4, 2021  via Newspapers.com.
23. Kelley, Bill (December 28, 1988). "The Big Switch: Tuning in to South Florida TV". *Fort Lauderdale News*. Fort Lauderdale, Florida. pp. 1A, 8A. Archived from the original on February 17, 2022. Retrieved April 2, 2021  via Newspapers.com.
24. Sonsky, Steve (January 1, 1989). "3 million TV viewers affected". *The Miami Herald*. Miami, Florida. p. 1A, 25A. Archived from the original on April 12, 2021. Retrieved April 3, 2021  via Newspapers.com.
25. Wometco Enterprises Bloomberg BusinessWeek
26. "California theme park company to buy Miami Seaquarium | The Miami Herald". *Miami Herald*. Archived from the original on December 4, 2014.

## Bibliography

* Parks, Arva Moore. *Miami: The Magic City*. Tulsa, OK: Continental Heritage Press, 1981. ISBN 0-932986-17-X.


title: The Wife Takes a Flyer

abstract: The Wife Takes a Flyer is a 1942 romantic comedy film made by Columbia Pictures, directed by Richard Wallace. The film stars Joan Bennett and Franchot Tone. The screenplay of The Wife Takes a Flyer was written by Jay Dratler, Gina Kaus and Harry Segall. The film's music score is by Werner R. Heymann.

text:
# The Wife Takes a Flyer

***The Wife Takes a Flyer*** (aka ***Highly Irregular***, UK title: ***A Yank in Dutch***) is a 1942 romantic comedy film made by Columbia Pictures, directed by Richard Wallace. The film stars Joan Bennett and Franchot Tone. The screenplay of *The Wife Takes a Flyer* was written by Jay Dratler, Gina Kaus and Harry Segall. The film's music score is by Werner R. Heymann.

## Plot

At Nazi headquarters in occupied Holland, Major Zellfritz assigned to find a downed British pilot, becomes sidetracked by Anita Woverman. He demands that the Wovermans billet him and his men at her house. Upstairs, the butler, Jan, is hiding the escaped pilot, Christopher Reynolds.

When a group of stormtroopers arrives, Mrs. Woverman learns of Reynolds' presence, but claims he is her son Hendrik. She runs a home for spinsters in the area while her husband is institutionalized as mad. Reynolds decides to protect Anita from Zellfritz's amorous advances.

An arrangement to meet a contact at the Savoy Café requires Reynolds to ask Anita to cover for him. At the café, Reynolds contacts Gustav, a waiter, who delivers a message in a sandwich. A suspicious Nazi officer details several soldiers to follow him. Reynolds slips the document to Anita. Zellfritz, still trying to romance Anita, brags about his relative who is "high up" in the U-boat fleet.

Still being carefully watched, Reynolds meets another stranger on the street. Keith, the new contact, provides him with the identity papers of a beer truck driver. An Allied agent with a shortwave radio is operating in the area, and Reynolds arranges to meet him later that night.

At home, Anita is still dealing with Zellfritz, but finds Reynolds waiting for her. She tells him that the major's relative will complete his mission in Eselmunder at a submarine fleet there. At the agent's house several Gestapo officers have been arrested the agent, Reynolds escapes and goes back to Anita's house.

Anita says the major drops propaganda leaflets nightly over England. The spinsters offer their help in transcribing the location of the submarine site onto the pamphlets. That night, as Anita entertains Zellfritz in her room, the spinsters alter the pamphlets, but are interrupted by Hendrik, Anita's real husband, at the door. Hendrik is on the run and asks Reynolds for help in evading the Nazis. Reynolds gives Hendrik his forged identification card.

After the pamphlets are safely stuffed back into the major's bag, Reynolds bursts into Anita's room, claiming that the Gestapo are after him. Zellfritz thinking he is helping Anita's son, agrees to help him escape, but first he has a mission at the airport.

Reynolds is arrested for desecrating a poster of Hitler. At the court, the spinsters set off an air raid alarm and, in the chaos, Reynolds spies the major's car. After knocking Zellfritz unconscious, Reynolds puts on the major's uniform and speeds away to a waiting aircraft with the pamphlets in hand.

Then Anita, Reynolds and her friend, the Countess Oldenburg, fly away to freedom, leaving the major behind, dressed only in his underwear.

## Cast

## Production

Principal photography on *The Wife Takes a Flyer* took place from January 5 to February 20, 1942. A Lockheed Model 18 Lodestar was used to depict a German aircraft. The filming locations included the Lockheed Air Terminal, Burbank, California and Litchfield Naval Air Station, Phoenix, Arizona.

## Reception

Bosley Crowther, in his contemporary review for *The New York Times*, said: "Some one has said that we Americans will have come to a perilous pass when we can no longer laugh at our enemies—which, in one sense, may be true. But certainly the sort of laughter which Columbia's "The Wife Takes a Flyer" limply woos is a token neither of wit nor a healthy respect for the foe. So, if you find the picture un-amusing, do not fear for the nation's state. This painfully labored comedy, which came to the Capitol yesterday, is just a cheap and artificial lot of slapstick in which the Nazis are broadly burlesqued and the people of occupied Holland are represented as so many actors in a Columbia farce."

### Notes

### Citations

1. Farmer 1984, p. 335.
2. *The Wife Takes a Flyer* at AllMovie
3. "Overview: 'The Wife Takes a Flyer'." *nytimes.com*, 2019. Retrieved: August 1, 2019.
4. Evans 2000, p. 192.
5. "Detail view: 'The Wife Takes a 'Flyer'." *afi.com*, 2019. Retrieved: August 1, 2019.
6. "Original film information: 'The Wife Takes a Flyer' (1942)." *TCM*, 2019. Retrieved: August 1, 2019.
7. Santoir, Christian. "Locations, aircraft in 'The Wife Takes a Flyer'." *Aeromovies*, March 21, 2018. Retrieved: August 1, 2019.
8. Crowther, Bosley. "Review: 'The Wife Takes a Flyer,' a labored farce film, with Joan Bennett and Franchot Tone, at the Capitol." *The New York Times*, June 19, 1942.

### Bibliography

* Evans, Alun. *Brassey's Guide to War Films*. Dulles, Virginia: Potomac Books, 2000. ISBN 1-57488-263-5.
* Farmer, James H. *Celluloid Wings: The Impact of Movies on Aviation*. Blue Ridge Summit, Pennsylvania: Tab Books Inc., 1984. ISBN 978-0-83062-374-7.

## InfoBox

| The Wife Takes a Flyer | |
| --- | --- |
| Film poster | |
| Directed by | Richard Wallace |
| Written by | Jay Dratler
Gina Kaus (story & screenplay)
Harry Segall (additional dialogue) |
| Produced by | B.P. Schulberg |
| Starring | Joan Bennett
Franchot Tone |
| Cinematography | Franz Planer |
| Edited by | Gene Havlick |
| Music by | Werner R. Heymann |
| Production
company | Columbia Pictures |
| Distributed by | Columbia Pictures |
| Release date | * April 28, 1942 (1942-04-28) |
| Running time | 86 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: Werauhia paupera

abstract: Werauhia paupera is a species of plant in the family Bromeliaceae. It is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.

text:
# Werauhia paupera

***Werauhia paupera*** is a species of plant in the family Bromeliaceae. It is endemic to Ecuador. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.

## InfoBox

| *Werauhia paupera* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Vulnerable  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| *Clade*: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Bromeliaceae |
| Genus: | *Werauhia* |
| Species: | ***W. paupera*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Werauhia paupera***
(Mez & Sodiro) J.R.Grant | |
|


title: School's Out (1930 film)

abstract: School's Out is a 1930 Our Gang short comedy film directed by Robert F. McGowan. Produced by Hal Roach and released to theaters by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, it was the 102nd Our Gang short to be released.

text:
# School's Out (1930 film)

***School's Out*** is a 1930 *Our Gang* short comedy film directed by Robert F. McGowan. Produced by Hal Roach and released to theaters by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, it was the 102nd *Our Gang* short to be released.

## Plot

Jackie is trying to circulate a petition among his classmates to keep school open during the summer, as he and the gang are afraid that they might lose Miss Crabtree during summer vacation. In addition, the kids fear she might get married and therefore no longer be able to teach them.

The gang has grown to like Miss Crabtree tremendously, and ride with her in her roadster to school every morning. In the car this particular morning, the kids all try to scare Miss Crabtree away from even considering marriage in the future, but Miss Crabtree states that she wants to get married some day.

Later in the day, Miss Crabtree goes into town for lunch, and a man named "Jack" stops by the school looking for her. The man is actually Miss Crabtree's brother, but the gang is afraid that Jack is a suitor who wants to marry their teacher. The kids tell the man outlandish lies about Miss Crabtree to scare him away ("She has two false sets of teeth and one wooden leg!"; "She's got seven husbands!"; "And twenty-one kids!"). Jackie, Farina and Chubby follow Jack when he leaves the schoolyard and goes for a swim in the nearby lake. Hoping to keep Jack away from Miss Crabtree, the boys steal and stash his clothes, forcing Jack to wander around dressed in leaves and branches.

## Cast

### The Gang

### Additional cast

## Production notes

A sequel to *Teacher's Pet*, *School's Out* was the second of six *Our Gang* shorts to feature June Marlowe as Miss Crabtree. This was also Bobby Young's first talkie short in *Our Gang*. When shown on television as part of King World's *The Little Rascals* package beginning in the 1970s, *School's Out* was edited to remove racial humor and stereotypes relating to African-Americans.

The kids lost their last teacher, Miss Magillicuddy, when she got married. In the 1930s, female teachers were usually not allowed to continue their profession after marriage.

*School's Out* is one of four sound *Our Gang* shorts that fell into the public domain after the copyright lapsed in the 1960s (the other three being *Bear Shooters*, *Our Gang Follies of 1938* and *Waldo's Last Stand*). As such, these films frequently appear on inexpensive video and/or DVD compilations.

## InfoBox

| School's Out | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Robert F. McGowan |
| Written by | H. M. Walker |
| Produced by | Hal Roach |
| Starring | June Marlowe
Jackie Cooper
Allen Hoskins
Norman Chaney
Mary Ann Jackson
Bobby Hutchins
Dorothy DeBorba
Bobby Young
Creighton Hale |
| Cinematography | Art Lloyd |
| Edited by | Richard C. Currier |
| Music by | Leroy Shield
Marvin Hatley |
| Distributed by | MGM |
| Release date | * November 22, 1930 (1930-11-22) |
| Running time | 20' 38" |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: William Morton (cricketer)

abstract: William Morton was a Scottish cricketer who played with Warwickshire. A slow left arm orthodox bowler, Morton made his first-class debut in 1982 for Scotland in a match against Ireland. He appeared two more times at first-class level for the Scots and his other 10 games were for Warwickshire.

text:
# William Morton (cricketer)

**William Morton** (21 April 1961 – 19 July 2019) was a Scottish cricketer who played with Warwickshire.

A slow left arm orthodox bowler, Morton made his first-class debut in 1982 for Scotland in a match against Ireland. He appeared two more times at first-class level for the Scots and his other 10 games were for Warwickshire.

## InfoBox

William Morton
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 21 April 1961 |
| Died | 19 July 2019 (aged 58) |
| Batting | Left-handed |
| Bowling | Slow left-arm orthodox |
| International information | |
| National side |  |
|  | |
| Career statistics | |
| Competition First-class List A  Matches 13 10  Runs scored 57 60  Batting average 5.70 12.00  100s/50s 0/0 0/0  Top score 13\* 18\*  Balls bowled 2117 482  Wickets 29 15  Bowling average 34.58 22.20  5 wickets in innings 0 0  10 wickets in match 0 0  Best bowling 4/40 4/47  Catches/stumpings 11/– 3/– | |
|  | |
| Source: CricketArchive, 15 August 2022 | |


title: Lenzie Old Parish Church

abstract: Lenzie Old Parish Church is a listed church in the town of Lenzie in Dunbartonshire, Scotland. The church, originally a chapel of ease, was completed in 1874. Although its name is ancient in origin, modern Lenzie only started to develop after piped water was extended to the area in the 1870s. Lenzie Old was one of three churches which were all built in the decade. The church gained listed status in 1977.

text:
# Lenzie Old Parish Church

**Lenzie Old Parish Church** is a listed church in the town of Lenzie in Dunbartonshire, Scotland.

The church, originally a chapel of ease, was completed in 1874. Although its name is ancient in origin, modern Lenzie only started to develop after piped water was extended to the area in the 1870s. Lenzie Old was one of three churches which were all built in the decade (St Cyprian's and Lenzie Union Parish Church were the others). The church gained listed status in 1977.

## InfoBox

| Lenzie Old | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| 55°55′20″N 4°09′13″W / 55.9223°N 4.1537°W / 55.9223; -4.1537 | |
| Denomination | Church of Scotland |
| History | |
| Status | Active |
| Architecture | |
| Heritage designation | Grade C |
| Designated | 17 August 1977 |
| Architect(s) | Clarke & Bell |
| Completed | 1874 |
| Specifications | |
| Number of spires | 1 |
| Materials | brick |
| Administration | |
| Presbytery | Glasgow |


title: National Maritime Union

abstract: The National Maritime Union (NMU) was an American labor union founded in May 1937. It affiliated with the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) in July 1937. After a failed merger with a different maritime group in 1988, the union merged with the Seafarers International Union of North America in 2001.

text:
# National Maritime Union

The **National Maritime Union** (**NMU**) was an American labor union founded in May 1937. It affiliated with the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) in July 1937. After a failed merger with a different maritime group in 1988, the union merged with the Seafarers International Union of North America in 2001.

## Early years

The NMU was founded in May 1937 by Joseph Curran and his allies, which at the time included Jack Lawrenson. At the time Curran was an able seaman and boatswain aboard the Panama Pacific Line ocean liner SS *California*. He was a member of the International Seamen's Union (ISU) but was not active in the work of the union. Lawrenson later married writer Helen Lawrenson. He was forced out of the union in 1947, and according to his wife, Curran essentially wrote Lawrenson out of the union's history.

From March 1 to March 4, 1936, Curran led a strike aboard *California*, then docked in San Pedro, Los Angeles, California. Curran and the crew of *California* went on what was essentially a sitdown strike at sailing time, refusing to cast off the lines unless wages were increased and overtime paid.

United States Secretary of Labor Frances Perkins personally intervened to resolve the strike. Speaking to the crew by telephone, Perkins agreed to arrange a grievance hearing once the ship docked at its destination in New York City, and that there would be no reprisals by the company or government against Curran and the strikers.

On *California*'s return trip, Panama Pacific Line raised wages by $5 a month to $60 per month. However, United States Secretary of Commerce Daniel Roper and the Panama Pacific Line declared Curran and the strikers mutineers. Curran and other top strike leaders were fined two days' pay, fired and blacklisted, but Perkins was able to keep the strikers from being prosecuted for mutiny.

Seamen all along the East Coast struck to protest the treatment of the *California'*s crew. Curran became a leader of the 10-week strike, eventually forming a supportive association known as the Seamen's Defense Committee. In October 1936, Curran called a second strike, the 1936 Gulf Coast maritime workers' strike, in part to improve working conditions and in part to embarrass the ISU. The four-month strike idled 50,000 seamen and 300 ships along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts.

Believing it was time to abandon the conservative International Seamen's Union, Curran began to sign up members for a new, rival union. The level of organizing was so intense that hundreds of ships delayed their sailing time as seamen listened to organizers and signed union cards. One of the co-founders of the organization was the later civil rights activist James Peck.

In May 1937, Curran and other leaders of his Seamen's Defense Committee reconstituted the group as the National Maritime Union. (CPUSA co-founder Boleslaw Gerbert may have helped form this union. It held its first convention in July, and 30,000 seamen left the ISU to join the NMU. Curran was elected president of the new organization. The black, Jamaican-born Ferdinand Smith was elected as the union's secretary-treasurer. Within a year, the NMU had more than 50,000 members, and most American shippers were under contract.

Immediately after the NMU's founding convention in July 1937, Curran and other seamen's union leaders were invited by John L. Lewis to come to Washington, D.C., to form a major organizing drive among ship and port workers. The unions comprised by the CIO had been ejected by the American Federation of Labor (AFL) in November 1936, and now Lewis wanted to launch a maritime union. His goal was to create a union as large and influential as the Steel Workers Organizing Committee out of the nation's 300,000 maritime workers. Although Lewis favored Harry Bridges, president of the Pacific Coast District of the International Longshoremen's Association, to lead the new maritime industrial union, the other union leaders balked. Curran agreed to affiliate with the CIO, but refused to let Bridges or anyone else take over his union. His views were reflected among those of the other union leaders, and the CIO's maritime industrial union never got off the ground.

By 1946, the NMU had 46 branches, a staff of 500, and 73,000 members.

In 1948, Lee Pressman joined Joseph Forer, a Washington-based attorney, in representing Ferdinand C. Smith, secretary of the National Maritime Union along with Gerhard Eisler, supposedly the top Soviet intelligence agent in the US, Irving Potash, vice president of the Fur and Leather Workers Union; Charles A. Doyle of the Gas, Coke and Chemical Workers Union, and John Williamson, labor secretary of the CPUSA). On May 5, 1946, Pressman and Forer received a preliminary injunction so their defendants might have hearings with examiners unconnected with the investigations and prosecutions by examiners of the Immigration and Naturalization Service.

## Expansion

In 1958 the union decided on an aggressive building program, and hired New Orleans–based architect Albert C. Ledner to design some unique buildings for them, including a headquarters building at Seventh Avenue between 12th Street and 13th Street, completed in 1964, a block-through service annex at 346 West 17th Street and a plaza and "pizza-box"-shaped companion building next to it on Ninth Avenue, both built in 1966 and both named for Joseph Curran. The Curran buildings held offices for the union and its pension fund, medical and training facilities, dormitory rooms for seaman, a gymnasium, swimming pool and 900-seat auditorium.

In 1973, with the union's fortunes fading with the decreased activity in the Port of New York, the headquarters building was sold to St. Vincent's Hospital. The 17th Street and Ninth Avenue buildings were sold in 1987 to Covenant House, a drug rehabilitation program, for use as a runaway shelter and educational facility.

## Mergers

In 1988 the NMU agreed to merge with the Marine Engineers' Beneficial Association (MEBA) to form District 1, MEBA-NMU. The merger did not last. MEBA members charged that the merger referendum was rigged by MEBA president C. E. "Gene" DeFries. The accusations were serious enough that the United States Department of Justice began an investigation. Union members were even more outraged when they learned DeFries and five other union officers paid themselves more than $2 million in severance payments. During the course of their findings, a group of MEBA members (Led by Alex Shandrowsky, Jesse Calhoon, and Don Keefe) peacefully occupied MEBA's Headquarters in Washington, DC after DeFries refused to disclose information to union members. DeFries and others were later indicted for crimes relating to their manipulation of union elections and misuse of union offices. US *versus* DeFries (*et al.*) became the first successful criminal Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO) prosecution of the governing body of a labor organization, which resulted in the conviction of 18 officials of MEBA), for RICO, RICO conspiracy, embezzlement, extortion, and mail fraud. NMU disaffiliated from the Marine Engineers in 1993.

Louis Parise was elected the newly independent union's president.

In 1999 the NMU became an autonomous affiliate of the Seafarers International Union of North America, and in 2001 it fully merged with that union (now called "Seafarers International Union").

## Presidents

## Footnotes

## Further reading

* Barbanel, Josh. "Joseph Curran, 75, Founder of National Maritime Union." *New York Times*. August 15, 1981.
* Butler, John A. *Sailing on Friday: The Perilous Voyage of America's Merchant Marine*. Washington, D.C.: Potomac Books, 1997. ISBN 1-57488-124-8
* "C.I.O. Goes to Sea." *Time*. July 19, 1937.
* Goldberg, Joseph P. *The Maritime Story: A Study in Labor-Management Relations*. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1958.
* Herbert, Brian. *The Forgotten Heroes: The Heroic Story of the United States Merchant Marine*. New York: Forge Books, 2004. ISBN 0-7653-0706-5
* Horne, Gerald (2005). *Red Seas: Ferdinand Smith and Radical Black Sailors in the United States and Jamaica*. New York University Press.
* Kempton, Murray. *Part of Our Time: Some Monuments and Ruins of the Thirties*. Hardcover reprint ed. New York: Random House, 1998. (Originally published in 1955.)
* King, Jerry et al., *We Accuse (From the Record): A Factual History of the Seamen's Labor Movement*. New York: n.p., 1940.
* "Maritime Union Officials Convicted on Racketeering Charges". *Press release*. US Dept. of Justice. July 6, 1995. Retrieved February 14, 2007.
* "Politics and Pork Chops." *Time*. June 17, 1946.
* "Retired Union Boss Joseph Curran Dies." Associated Press. August 14, 1981.
* Schwartz, Stephen. *Brotherhood of the Sea: The Sailors' Union of the Pacific, 1885–1985*. New York: Transaction Publishers, 1986. ISBN 9780887381218.
* Shorrock, Tim. "Labor Leaders Dissolve Merger of MEBA, NMU." *Journal of Commerce*. June 8, 1993.
* Shorrock, Tim. "Two Former MEBA Leaders Indicted." *Journal of Commerce*. July 1, 1993.
* "SIU-A&G and NMU Set Merger Vote." *West Coast Sailors*. April 20, 2001.

## InfoBox

National Maritime Union
| Merged | Seafarers International Union of North America (June 3, 2001) |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | May 1937 |
| Headquarters | New York City, New York |
| Location |  |
| Affiliations | Congress of Industrial Organizations, later AFL–CIO |