abstract: Ward No. 9, Kolkata Municipal Corporation is an administrative division of Kolkata Municipal Corporation in Borough No. 1, covering parts of Shobhabazar and Kumortuli neighbourhoods in North Kolkata, in the Indian state of West Bengal.

text:
# Ward No. 9, Kolkata Municipal Corporation

**Ward No. 9, Kolkata Municipal Corporation** is an administrative division of Kolkata Municipal Corporation in Borough No. 1, covering parts of Shobhabazar and Kumortuli neighbourhoods in North Kolkata, in the Indian state of West Bengal.

## History

Attempts were made to establish a municipal corporation at Kolkata from the middle of the 19th century. The electoral system was introduced for the first time in 1847, and 4 of the 7 board members were elected by the rate payers. In 1852 the board was replaced by a new one and in 1863 a new body was formed. As per old records, in 1872 there were 25 wards in Kolkata (spellings as in use at that time) – 1. Shyampukur, 2. Kumartuli, 3. Bartala, 4. Sukea Street, 5. Jorabagan, 6. Jorasanko, 7. Barabazar, 8. Kolutola, 9. Muchipara, 10. Boubazar, 11. Padmapukur, 12. Waterloo Street, 13. Fenwick Bazar, 14. Taltala, 15. Kalinga, 16. Park Street, 17. Victoria Terrace, 18. Hastings, 19. Entali, 20. Beniapukur, 21. Baliganj-Tollyganj, 22. Bhabanipur, 23. Alipur, 24.Ekbalpur and 25. Watganj. A new municipal corporation was created in 1876, wherein 48 commissioners were elected and 24 were appointed by the government. With the implementation of the Municipal Consolidation Act of 1888 the area under the jurisdiction of the municipal corporation was enlarged. Certain areas were already there but more parts of them were added (current spellings) - Entally, Manicktala, Beliaghata, Ultadanga, Chitpur, Cossipore, Beniapukur, Ballygunge, Watganj and Ekbalpur, and Garden Reach and Tollygunj. The Act of 1923 brought about important changes. It liberalised the constitution along democratic lines.

The state government superseded the Corporation in 1948 and the Calcutta Municipal Act of 1951 came into force. Adult franchise was introduced in municipal elections in 1962. With the addition of certain areas in the southern parts of the city, the number of wards increased from 75 to 144.

## Geography

Ward No. 9 is bordered on the north by Kumartuli Street, Durga Charan Banerjee Street, Raja Nabakrishna Street and Shyambazar Street; on the east by Sobhabazr Street and Sri Aurobindo Sarani; on the south by Jyotindra Mohan Avenue, Rabindra Sarani and Gopeswar Paul Avenue; and on the west by the Hooghly River.

The ward is served by Shaympukur police station of Kolkata Police.

Amherst Street Women police station covers all police districts under the jurisdiction of the North and North Suburban division of Kolkata Police, i.e. Amherst Street, Jorabagan, Shyampukur, Cossipore, Chitpur, Sinthi, Burtolla and Tala.

## Demographics

As per 2011 Census of India Ward No. 9, Kolkata Municipal Corporation had a total population of 16,420, of which 8,573 (52%) were males and 7,847 (48%) were females. Population below 6 years was 1,033. The total number of literates in Ward No. 9 was 14,094 (91.60% of the population over 6 years).

Kolkata is the second most literate district in West Bengal. The literacy rate of Kolkata district has increased from 53.0% in 1951 to 86.3% in the 2011 census.

See also – List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate

| Literacy in KMC wards
 |
| --- |
| North Kolkata |
| Ward No. 1 – 86.12% |
| Ward No. 2 – 94.24% |
| Ward No. 3 – 86.74% |
| Ward No. 4 – 89.27% |
| Ward No. 5 – 90.32% |
| Ward No. 6 – 81.12% |
| Ward No. 7 – 87.65% |
| Ward No. 8 – 93.57% |
| Ward No. 9 – 91.60% |
| Ward No. 10 – 92.38% |
| Ward No. 11 – 87.96% |
| Ward No. 12 – 84.95% |
| Ward No. 13 – 83.39% |
| Ward No. 14 – 87.87% |
| Ward No. 15 – 88.89% |
| Ward No. 16 – 88.62% |
| Ward No. 17 – 92.30% |
| Ward No. 18 – 78.72% |
| Ward No. 19 – 89.29% |
| Ward No. 20 – 85.93% |
| Ward No. 21 – 78.12% |
| Ward No. 22 – 85.07% |
| Ward No. 23 – 71.14% |
| Ward No. 24 – 73.16% |
| Ward No. 25 – 85.49% |
| Ward No. 26 – 82.34% |
| Ward No. 27 – 88.19% |
| Ward No. 28 – 79.39% |
| Ward No. 29 – 70.69% |
| Ward No. 30 – 88.71% |
| Ward No. 31 – 88.28% |
| Ward No. 32 – 75.73% |
| Ward No. 33 – 91.17% |
| Central Kolkata |
| Ward No. 34 – 92.79% |
| Ward No. 35 – 91.44% |
| Ward No. 36 – 66.34% |
| Ward No. 37 – 79.12% |
| Ward No. 38 – 85.77% |
| Ward No. 39 – 73.27% |
| Ward No. 40 – 88.14% |
| Ward No. 41 – 83.53% |
| Ward No. 42 – 75.02% |
| Ward No. 43 – 79.52% |
| Ward No. 44 – 79.09% |
| Ward No. 45 – 74.69% |
| Ward No. 46 – 85.38% |
| Ward No. 47 – 87.87% |
| Ward No. 48 – 82.04% |
| Ward No. 49 – 65.51% |
| Ward No. 50 – 88.70% |
| Ward No. 51 – 93.01% |
| Ward No. 52 – 86.18% |
| Ward No. 53 – 89.49% |
| Ward No. 54 – 82.10% |
| Ward No. 55 – 84.84% |
| Ward No. 56 – 85.53% |
| Ward No. 57 – 80.20% |
| Ward No. 58 – 74.35% |
| Ward No. 59 – 80.39% |
| Ward No. 60 – 74.04% |
| Ward No. 61 – 80.54% |
| Ward No. 62 – 86.04% |
| Ward No. 63 – 84.39% |
| Ward No. 64 – 85.21% |
| Ward No. 65 – 81.60% |
| South Kolkata |
| Ward No. 66 – 80.95% |
| Ward No. 67 – 89.52% |
| Ward No. 68 – 90.86% |
| Ward No. 69 – 86.07% |
| Ward No. 70 – 94.20% |
| Ward No. 71 – 92.01% |
| Ward No. 72 – 90.06% |
| Ward No. 73 – 89.28% |
| Ward No. 74 – 84.56% |
| Ward No. 75 – 80.27% |
| Ward No. 76 – 88.40% |
| Ward No. 77 – 83.84% |
| Ward No. 78 – 83.00% |
| Ward No. 79 – 81.96% |
| Ward No. 80 – 71.89% |
| Ward No. 81 – 85.14% |
| Ward No. 82 – 84.82% |
| Ward No. 83 – 85.63% |
| Ward No. 84 – 85.71% |
| Ward No. 85 – 88.19% |
| Ward No. 86 – 89.61% |
| Ward No. 87 – 90.26% |
| Ward No. 88 – 85.09% |
| Ward No. 89 – 92.40% |
| Ward No. 90 – 84.60% |
| Ward No. 91 – 90.57% |
| Ward No. 92 – 93.53% |
| Ward No. 93 – 91.30% |
| Ward No. 94 – 89.11% |
| Ward No. 95 – 95.61% |
| Ward No. 96 – 96.57% |
| Ward No. 97 – 94.60% |
| Ward No. 98 – 96.24% |
| Ward No. 99 – 95.79% |
| Ward No. 100 – 95.98% |
| Ward No. 101 – 95.36% |
| Ward No. 102 – 93.53% |
| Ward No. 103 – 94.77% |
| Ward No. 104 – 96.03% |
| Ward No. 105 – 93.86% |
| Ward No. 106 – 92.97% |
| Ward No. 107 – 90.06% |
| Ward No. 108 – 80.74% |
| Ward No. 109 – 85.49% |
| Ward No. 110 – 91.35% |
| Ward No. 111 – 93.36% |
| Ward No. 112 – 92.50% |
| Ward No. 113 – 92.18% |
| Ward No. 114 – 91.13% |
| Ward No. 115 – 95.53% |
| Ward No. 116 – 86.91% |
| Ward No. 117 – 86.53% |
| Ward No. 118 – 90.04% |
| Ward No. 119 – 94.04% |
| Ward No. 120 – 92.15% |
| Ward No. 121 – 91.86% |
| Ward No. 122 – 92.88% |
| Ward No. 123 – 93.42% |
| Ward No. 124 – 92.55% |
| Ward No. 125 – 92.50% |
| Ward No. 126 – 93.78% |
| Ward No. 127 – 91.82% |
| Ward No. 128 – 92.67% |
| Ward No. 129 – 92.56% |
| Ward No. 130 – 95.55% |
| Ward No. 131 – 93.48% |
| Ward No. 132 – 90.30% |
| Ward No. 133 – 83.48% |
| Ward No. 134 – 73.75% |
| Ward No. 135 – 75.75% |
| Ward No. 136 – 85.01% |
| Ward No. 137 – 79.16% |
| Ward No. 138 – 78.67% |
| Ward No. 139 – 77.56% |
| Ward No. 140 – 79.93% |
| Ward No. 141 – 75.15% |
| Note: The regional distribution
is a broad one and
there is some overlapping |
| Source:
2011 Census: Ward-Wise
Primary Census Abstract Data |

Census data about mother tongue and religion is not available at the ward level. For district level information see Kolkata district.

According to the District Census Handbook Kolkata 2011, 141 wards of Kolkata Municipal Corporation formed Kolkata district. (3 wards were added later).

## Election highlights

The ward forms a city municipal corporation council electoral constituency and is a part of Shyampukur (Vidhan Sabha constituency).

| Election Year | Constituency | Name of Councilor | Party |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2005 | Ward No. 9 | Mahua Mallick | Communist Party of India (Marxist) |  |
| 2010 |  | Mitali Saha | All India Trinamool Congress |  |
| 2015 |  | Mitali Saha | All India Trinamool Congress |  |

All India Trinamool Youth Congress Secretary: Arpita Duttashaw (2019-Present)

Kolkata/North Kolkata travel guide from Wikivoyage

## InfoBox

| Ward No. 9 | |
| --- | --- |
| Kolkata Municipal Corporation | |
| Interactive Map Outlining Ward No. 9 | |
| Ward No. 9Location in Kolkata | |
| Coordinates: 22°35′45″N 88°21′55″E / 22.595889°N 88.365306°E / 22.595889; 88.365306 | |
| Country | India |
| State | West Bengal |
| City | Kolkata |
| Neighbourhoods covered | Shobhabazar, Kumortuli |
| Reservation | Women(Open) |
| Parliamentary constituency | Kolkata Uttar |
| Assembly constituency | Shyampukur |
| Burough | 1 |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 16,420 |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 700 004 |
| Area code | +91 33 |


abstract: Ward No. 92, Kolkata Municipal Corporation is an administrative division of Kolkata Municipal Corporation in Borough No. 10, covering parts of Dhakuria, Jadavpur University and Garfa neighbourhoods in South Kolkata, in the Indian state of West Bengal.

text:
# Ward No. 92, Kolkata Municipal Corporation

**Ward No. 92, Kolkata Municipal Corporation** is an administrative division of Kolkata Municipal Corporation in Borough No. 10, covering parts of Dhakuria (Babu Bagan-Selimpur-Teli Para-Tanu Pukur), Jadavpur University and Garfa (Naskar Para-Shahid Nagar/ Sweet Land-Jheel Road/ Newland-Pal Bazar-Viveknagar-Pratapgarh) neighbourhoods in South Kolkata, in the Indian state of West Bengal.

## History

The establishment and evolution of Kolkata Municipal Corporation followed a long process starting from around the middle of the 19th century. The Municipal Consolidation Act of 1888 and certain steps taken thereafter saw the addition of peripheral areas in the eastern and southern parts of the city to the corporation area. In 1888, there were 75 commissioners, 50 of whom were elected, 15 appointed by the government and 10 nominated from bodies like Chambers of Commerce, Trades Associations and the Port Commissioners. The Calcutta Municipal Act of 1923 brought about important changes. The adjacent municipalities of Cossipore, Chitpore, Manicktola and Garden Reach were amalgamated with Kolkata. Garden Reach was later taken out.

Post-independence developments saw the introduction of adult franchise in municipal elections in 1962. The number of wards increased from 75 to 100. Tollygunge was merged with Kolkata in 1953. The Calcutta Municipal Corporation Act 1980, which came into effect in 1984, extended the boundaries of Kolkata by including South Suburban, Garden Reach and Jadavpur municipalities in Kolkata. With the addition of Joka to Kolkata, the number of wards rose to 144.

## Geography

Ward No. 92 is bordered on the north by Sarat Ghosh Garden Road and Budge Budge branch of Eastern Railway; on the east by Kalipada Roy Lane, Jheel Road and the western boundary of former Haltu Union Board; on the south by Jadavpur Station Road, Garfa Road and the northern boundary of former Haltu Union Board; and on the west by Raja Subodh Chandra Mullick Road and Gariahat Road (South).

The ward is served by Kasba and Jadavpur police stations of Kolkata Police.

Patuli Women police station has jurisdiction over all police districts under the jurisdiction of South Suburban Division i.e. Netaji Nagar, Jadavpur, Kasba, Regent Park, Bansdroni, Garfa and Patuli.

## Demographics

As per the 2011 Census of India, Ward No. 92, Kolkata Municipal Corporation, had a total population of 36,450, of which 17,865 (49%) were males and 18,585 (51%) were females. Population below 6 years was 1,791. The total number of literates in Ward No. 92 was 32,417 (93.53% of the population over 6 years).

Kolkata is the second most literate district in West Bengal. The literacy rate of Kolkata district has increased from 53.0% in 1951 to 86.3% in the 2011 census.

See also – List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate

| Literacy in KMC wards
 |
| --- |
| North Kolkata |
| Ward No. 1 – 86.12% |
| Ward No. 2 – 94.24% |
| Ward No. 3 – 86.74% |
| Ward No. 4 – 89.27% |
| Ward No. 5 – 90.32% |
| Ward No. 6 – 81.12% |
| Ward No. 7 – 87.65% |
| Ward No. 8 – 93.57% |
| Ward No. 9 – 91.60% |
| Ward No. 10 – 92.38% |
| Ward No. 11 – 87.96% |
| Ward No. 12 – 84.95% |
| Ward No. 13 – 83.39% |
| Ward No. 14 – 87.87% |
| Ward No. 15 – 88.89% |
| Ward No. 16 – 88.62% |
| Ward No. 17 – 92.30% |
| Ward No. 18 – 78.72% |
| Ward No. 19 – 89.29% |
| Ward No. 20 – 85.93% |
| Ward No. 21 – 78.12% |
| Ward No. 22 – 85.07% |
| Ward No. 23 – 71.14% |
| Ward No. 24 – 73.16% |
| Ward No. 25 – 85.49% |
| Ward No. 26 – 82.34% |
| Ward No. 27 – 88.19% |
| Ward No. 28 – 79.39% |
| Ward No. 29 – 70.69% |
| Ward No. 30 – 88.71% |
| Ward No. 31 – 88.28% |
| Ward No. 32 – 75.73% |
| Ward No. 33 – 91.17% |
| Central Kolkata |
| Ward No. 34 – 92.79% |
| Ward No. 35 – 91.44% |
| Ward No. 36 – 66.34% |
| Ward No. 37 – 79.12% |
| Ward No. 38 – 85.77% |
| Ward No. 39 – 73.27% |
| Ward No. 40 – 88.14% |
| Ward No. 41 – 83.53% |
| Ward No. 42 – 75.02% |
| Ward No. 43 – 79.52% |
| Ward No. 44 – 79.09% |
| Ward No. 45 – 74.69% |
| Ward No. 46 – 85.38% |
| Ward No. 47 – 87.87% |
| Ward No. 48 – 82.04% |
| Ward No. 49 – 65.51% |
| Ward No. 50 – 88.70% |
| Ward No. 51 – 93.01% |
| Ward No. 52 – 86.18% |
| Ward No. 53 – 89.49% |
| Ward No. 54 – 82.10% |
| Ward No. 55 – 84.84% |
| Ward No. 56 – 85.53% |
| Ward No. 57 – 80.20% |
| Ward No. 58 – 74.35% |
| Ward No. 59 – 80.39% |
| Ward No. 60 – 74.04% |
| Ward No. 61 – 80.54% |
| Ward No. 62 – 86.04% |
| Ward No. 63 – 84.39% |
| Ward No. 64 – 85.21% |
| Ward No. 65 – 81.60% |
| South Kolkata |
| Ward No. 66 – 80.95% |
| Ward No. 67 – 89.52% |
| Ward No. 68 – 90.86% |
| Ward No. 69 – 86.07% |
| Ward No. 70 – 94.20% |
| Ward No. 71 – 92.01% |
| Ward No. 72 – 90.06% |
| Ward No. 73 – 89.28% |
| Ward No. 74 – 84.56% |
| Ward No. 75 – 80.27% |
| Ward No. 76 – 88.40% |
| Ward No. 77 – 83.84% |
| Ward No. 78 – 83.00% |
| Ward No. 79 – 81.96% |
| Ward No. 80 – 71.89% |
| Ward No. 81 – 85.14% |
| Ward No. 82 – 84.82% |
| Ward No. 83 – 85.63% |
| Ward No. 84 – 85.71% |
| Ward No. 85 – 88.19% |
| Ward No. 86 – 89.61% |
| Ward No. 87 – 90.26% |
| Ward No. 88 – 85.09% |
| Ward No. 89 – 92.40% |
| Ward No. 90 – 84.60% |
| Ward No. 91 – 90.57% |
| Ward No. 92 – 93.53% |
| Ward No. 93 – 91.30% |
| Ward No. 94 – 89.11% |
| Ward No. 95 – 95.61% |
| Ward No. 96 – 96.57% |
| Ward No. 97 – 94.60% |
| Ward No. 98 – 96.24% |
| Ward No. 99 – 95.79% |
| Ward No. 100 – 95.98% |
| Ward No. 101 – 95.36% |
| Ward No. 102 – 93.53% |
| Ward No. 103 – 94.77% |
| Ward No. 104 – 96.03% |
| Ward No. 105 – 93.86% |
| Ward No. 106 – 92.97% |
| Ward No. 107 – 90.06% |
| Ward No. 108 – 80.74% |
| Ward No. 109 – 85.49% |
| Ward No. 110 – 91.35% |
| Ward No. 111 – 93.36% |
| Ward No. 112 – 92.50% |
| Ward No. 113 – 92.18% |
| Ward No. 114 – 91.13% |
| Ward No. 115 – 95.53% |
| Ward No. 116 – 86.91% |
| Ward No. 117 – 86.53% |
| Ward No. 118 – 90.04% |
| Ward No. 119 – 94.04% |
| Ward No. 120 – 92.15% |
| Ward No. 121 – 91.86% |
| Ward No. 122 – 92.88% |
| Ward No. 123 – 93.42% |
| Ward No. 124 – 92.55% |
| Ward No. 125 – 92.50% |
| Ward No. 126 – 93.78% |
| Ward No. 127 – 91.82% |
| Ward No. 128 – 92.67% |
| Ward No. 129 – 92.56% |
| Ward No. 130 – 95.55% |
| Ward No. 131 – 93.48% |
| Ward No. 132 – 90.30% |
| Ward No. 133 – 83.48% |
| Ward No. 134 – 73.75% |
| Ward No. 135 – 75.75% |
| Ward No. 136 – 85.01% |
| Ward No. 137 – 79.16% |
| Ward No. 138 – 78.67% |
| Ward No. 139 – 77.56% |
| Ward No. 140 – 79.93% |
| Ward No. 141 – 75.15% |
| Note: The regional distribution
is a broad one and
there is some overlapping |
| Source:
2011 Census: Ward-Wise
Primary Census Abstract Data |

Census data about mother tongue and religion is not available at the ward level. For district level information see Kolkata district.

According to the District Census Handbook Kolkata 2011, 141 wards of Kolkata Municipal Corporation formed Kolkata district. (3 wards were added later).

## Election highlights

The ward forms a city municipal corporation council electoral constituency and is a part of Kasba (Vidhan Sabha constituency).

| Election
year | Constituency | Name of councillor | Party affililiation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2005 | Ward No. 92 | Madhuchhanda Deb | Communist Party of India |  |
| 2010 |  | Madhuchhanda Deb | Communist Party of India |  |
| 2015 |  | Madhuchhanda Deb | Communist Party of India |  |
| 2021 |  | Madhuchhanda Deb | Communist Party of India |  |

## Detailed Results

### 2021

2021 Kolkata Municipal Corporation election: Ward No. 92
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | CPI | Madhu Chhanda Deb | 10,248 | 56.38 |  |
|  | AITC | Abhishek Mukherjee | 6,824 | 37.56 |  |
|  | BJP | Suman Das | 807 | 4.44 |  |
|  | INC | Manash Kumar Bhadra | 138 | 0.76 |  |
|  | Independent | Subal Sardar | 75 | 0.41 |  |
|  | Independent | Sabyasachi Paul | 50 | 0.28 |  |
|  | Independent | Sanjoy Giri | 33 | 0.18 |  |
| Turnout | | | 18,181 |  |  |
|  | CPI **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

### 2015

2015 Kolkata Municipal Corporation election: Ward No. 92
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | CPI | Madhu Chhanda Deb | 11,485 | 55.35 |  |
|  | AITC | Saroj Bhowmick (Patang) | 6,971 | 33.60 |  |
|  | BJP | Dilip Kumar Mitra | 1,754 | 8.45 |  |
|  | INC | Pankaj Kumar Nath | 268 | 1.29 |  |
|  | Independent | Susmita Sengupta | 117 | 0.56 |  |
|  | Independent | Basudev Saha | 101 | 0.49 |  |
|  | Independent | Sarbajit Neogi | 52 | 0.25 |  |
| Turnout | | | 20,748 | 65.61 |  |
|  | CPI **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

### 2010

2010 Kolkata Municipal Corporation election: Ward No. 92
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | CPI | Madhu Chhanda Deb | 9,616 | 48.64 |  |
|  | AITC | Ratan Dey | 9,074 | 45.90 |  |
|  | INC | Pankaj Kumar Nath | 476 | 2.40 |  |
|  | BJP | Dilip Kumar Mitra | 290 | 1.46 |  |
|  | CPI(ML) | Manas Chatterjee | 154 | 0.77 |  |
|  | Independent | Kamalini Mondal | 90 | 0.45 |  |
|  | Independent | Sanjoy Das | 67 | 0.33 |  |
| Turnout | | | 19,767 | 64.30 |  |
|  | CPI **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

Kolkata/Southern fringes travel guide from Wikivoyage

## InfoBox

| Ward No. 92 | |
| --- | --- |
| Kolkata Municipal Corporation | |
| Interactive Map Outlining Ward No. 92 | |
| Ward No. 92Location in Kolkata | |
| Coordinates (dms): 22°29′59″N 88°22′11″E / 22.499833°N 88.369694°E / 22.499833; 88.369694 | |
| Country | India |
| State | West Bengal |
| City | Kolkata |
| Neighbourhoods | Dhakuria (Babu Bagan-Selimpur-Teli Para-Tanu Pukur), Jadavpur University, Garfa (Naskar Para-Shahid Nagar/ Sweet Land-Jheel Road/ Newland-Pal Bazar-Viveknagar-Pratapgarh) |
| Reservation | Open |
| Parliamentary constituency | Kolkata Dakshin |
| Assembly constituency | Kasba |
| Borough | 10 |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 36,450 |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 700 031, 700 032 |
| Area code | +91 33 |


abstract: Ward No. 89, Kolkata Municipal Corporation is an administrative division of Kolkata Municipal Corporation in Borough No. 10, covering parts of Tollygunge neighbourhood in South Kolkata, in the Indian state of West Bengal.

text:
# Ward No. 89, Kolkata Municipal Corporation

**Ward No. 89, Kolkata Municipal Corporation** is an administrative division of Kolkata Municipal Corporation in Borough No. 10, covering parts of Tollygunge (Charu Market-Swiss Park) neighbourhood in South Kolkata, in the Indian state of West Bengal.

## History

The establishment and evolution of Kolkata Municipal Corporation followed a long process starting from around the middle of the 19th century. The Municipal Consolidation Act of 1888 and certain steps taken thereafter saw the addition of peripheral areas in the eastern and southern parts of the city to the corporation area. In 1888, there were 75 commissioners, 50 of whom were elected, 15 appointed by the government and 10 nominated from bodies like Chambers of Commerce, Trades Associations and the Port Commissioners. The Calcutta Municipal Act of 1923 brought about important changes. The adjacent municipalities of Cossipore, Chitpore, Manicktola and Garden Reach were amalgamated with Kolkata. Garden Reach was later taken out.

Post-independence developments saw the introduction of adult franchise in municipal elections in 1962. The number of wards increased from 75 to 100. Tollygunge was merged with Kolkata in 1953. The Calcutta Municipal Corporation Act 1980, which came into effect in 1984, extended the boundaries of Kolkata by including South Suburban, Garden Reach and Jadavpur municipalities in Kolkata. With the addition of Joka to Kolkata, the number of wards rose to 144.

## Geography

Ward No. 89 is bordered on the north by the Budge Budge branch line of Eastern Railway and Tollygunge Circular Road; on the east by Dr. Deodar Rahman Road and Charu Chandra Place East; on the south by Prince Anwar Shah Road; and on the west by Deshapran Sashmal Road and Tolly's Nulla (Adi Ganga).

The ward is served by Charu Market and Regent Park police stations of Kolkata Police.

Tollygunge Women police station has jurisdiction over all the police districts in the South Division, i.e. Park Street, Shakespeare Sarani, Alipore, Hastings, Maidan, Bhowanipore, Kalighat, Tollygunge, Charu Market, New Alipur and Chetla.

Patuli Women police station has jurisdiction over all police districts under the jurisdiction of South Suburban Division i.e. Netaji Nagar, Jadavpur, Kasba, Regent Park, Bansdroni, Garfa and Patuli.

## Demographics

As per the 2011 Census of India, Ward No. 89, Kolkata Municipal Corporation, had a total population of 22,304, of which 11,395 (51%) were males and 10,909 (49%) were females. Population below 6 years was 1,334. The total number of literates in Ward No. 89 was 19,376 (92.40% of the population over 6 years).

Kolkata is the second most literate district in West Bengal. The literacy rate of Kolkata district has increased from 53.0% in 1951 to 86.3% in the 2011 census.

See also – List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate

| Literacy in KMC wards
 |
| --- |
| North Kolkata |
| Ward No. 1 – 86.12% |
| Ward No. 2 – 94.24% |
| Ward No. 3 – 86.74% |
| Ward No. 4 – 89.27% |
| Ward No. 5 – 90.32% |
| Ward No. 6 – 81.12% |
| Ward No. 7 – 87.65% |
| Ward No. 8 – 93.57% |
| Ward No. 9 – 91.60% |
| Ward No. 10 – 92.38% |
| Ward No. 11 – 87.96% |
| Ward No. 12 – 84.95% |
| Ward No. 13 – 83.39% |
| Ward No. 14 – 87.87% |
| Ward No. 15 – 88.89% |
| Ward No. 16 – 88.62% |
| Ward No. 17 – 92.30% |
| Ward No. 18 – 78.72% |
| Ward No. 19 – 89.29% |
| Ward No. 20 – 85.93% |
| Ward No. 21 – 78.12% |
| Ward No. 22 – 85.07% |
| Ward No. 23 – 71.14% |
| Ward No. 24 – 73.16% |
| Ward No. 25 – 85.49% |
| Ward No. 26 – 82.34% |
| Ward No. 27 – 88.19% |
| Ward No. 28 – 79.39% |
| Ward No. 29 – 70.69% |
| Ward No. 30 – 88.71% |
| Ward No. 31 – 88.28% |
| Ward No. 32 – 75.73% |
| Ward No. 33 – 91.17% |
| Central Kolkata |
| Ward No. 34 – 92.79% |
| Ward No. 35 – 91.44% |
| Ward No. 36 – 66.34% |
| Ward No. 37 – 79.12% |
| Ward No. 38 – 85.77% |
| Ward No. 39 – 73.27% |
| Ward No. 40 – 88.14% |
| Ward No. 41 – 83.53% |
| Ward No. 42 – 75.02% |
| Ward No. 43 – 79.52% |
| Ward No. 44 – 79.09% |
| Ward No. 45 – 74.69% |
| Ward No. 46 – 85.38% |
| Ward No. 47 – 87.87% |
| Ward No. 48 – 82.04% |
| Ward No. 49 – 65.51% |
| Ward No. 50 – 88.70% |
| Ward No. 51 – 93.01% |
| Ward No. 52 – 86.18% |
| Ward No. 53 – 89.49% |
| Ward No. 54 – 82.10% |
| Ward No. 55 – 84.84% |
| Ward No. 56 – 85.53% |
| Ward No. 57 – 80.20% |
| Ward No. 58 – 74.35% |
| Ward No. 59 – 80.39% |
| Ward No. 60 – 74.04% |
| Ward No. 61 – 80.54% |
| Ward No. 62 – 86.04% |
| Ward No. 63 – 84.39% |
| Ward No. 64 – 85.21% |
| Ward No. 65 – 81.60% |
| South Kolkata |
| Ward No. 66 – 80.95% |
| Ward No. 67 – 89.52% |
| Ward No. 68 – 90.86% |
| Ward No. 69 – 86.07% |
| Ward No. 70 – 94.20% |
| Ward No. 71 – 92.01% |
| Ward No. 72 – 90.06% |
| Ward No. 73 – 89.28% |
| Ward No. 74 – 84.56% |
| Ward No. 75 – 80.27% |
| Ward No. 76 – 88.40% |
| Ward No. 77 – 83.84% |
| Ward No. 78 – 83.00% |
| Ward No. 79 – 81.96% |
| Ward No. 80 – 71.89% |
| Ward No. 81 – 85.14% |
| Ward No. 82 – 84.82% |
| Ward No. 83 – 85.63% |
| Ward No. 84 – 85.71% |
| Ward No. 85 – 88.19% |
| Ward No. 86 – 89.61% |
| Ward No. 87 – 90.26% |
| Ward No. 88 – 85.09% |
| Ward No. 89 – 92.40% |
| Ward No. 90 – 84.60% |
| Ward No. 91 – 90.57% |
| Ward No. 92 – 93.53% |
| Ward No. 93 – 91.30% |
| Ward No. 94 – 89.11% |
| Ward No. 95 – 95.61% |
| Ward No. 96 – 96.57% |
| Ward No. 97 – 94.60% |
| Ward No. 98 – 96.24% |
| Ward No. 99 – 95.79% |
| Ward No. 100 – 95.98% |
| Ward No. 101 – 95.36% |
| Ward No. 102 – 93.53% |
| Ward No. 103 – 94.77% |
| Ward No. 104 – 96.03% |
| Ward No. 105 – 93.86% |
| Ward No. 106 – 92.97% |
| Ward No. 107 – 90.06% |
| Ward No. 108 – 80.74% |
| Ward No. 109 – 85.49% |
| Ward No. 110 – 91.35% |
| Ward No. 111 – 93.36% |
| Ward No. 112 – 92.50% |
| Ward No. 113 – 92.18% |
| Ward No. 114 – 91.13% |
| Ward No. 115 – 95.53% |
| Ward No. 116 – 86.91% |
| Ward No. 117 – 86.53% |
| Ward No. 118 – 90.04% |
| Ward No. 119 – 94.04% |
| Ward No. 120 – 92.15% |
| Ward No. 121 – 91.86% |
| Ward No. 122 – 92.88% |
| Ward No. 123 – 93.42% |
| Ward No. 124 – 92.55% |
| Ward No. 125 – 92.50% |
| Ward No. 126 – 93.78% |
| Ward No. 127 – 91.82% |
| Ward No. 128 – 92.67% |
| Ward No. 129 – 92.56% |
| Ward No. 130 – 95.55% |
| Ward No. 131 – 93.48% |
| Ward No. 132 – 90.30% |
| Ward No. 133 – 83.48% |
| Ward No. 134 – 73.75% |
| Ward No. 135 – 75.75% |
| Ward No. 136 – 85.01% |
| Ward No. 137 – 79.16% |
| Ward No. 138 – 78.67% |
| Ward No. 139 – 77.56% |
| Ward No. 140 – 79.93% |
| Ward No. 141 – 75.15% |
| Note: The regional distribution
is a broad one and
there is some overlapping |
| Source:
2011 Census: Ward-Wise
Primary Census Abstract Data |

Census data about mother tongue and religion is not available at the ward level. For district level information see Kolkata district.

According to the District Census Handbook Kolkata 2011, 141 wards of Kolkata Municipal Corporation formed Kolkata district. (3 wards were added later).

## Election highlights

The ward forms a city municipal corporation council electoral constituency and is a part of Rashbehari (Vidhan Sabha constituency).

| Election
year | Constituency | Name of councillor | Party affililiation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1985 | Ward No. 89 | Dr Jyotirmoy Chatterjee | Communist Party of India (Marxist) |  |
| 1990 | Ward No. 89 | Dr Jyotirmoy Chatterjee | Communist Party of India (Marxist) |  |
| 1995 | Ward No. 89 | N/A | Indian National Congress |  |
| 2000 | Ward No. 89 | Mamata Majumdar | All India Trinamool Congress |  |
| 2005 | Ward No. 89 | Mamata Majumdar | All India Trinamool Congress |  |
| 2010 |  | Mamata Majumdar | All India Trinamool Congress |  |
| 2015 |  | Mamata Majumdar | All India Trinamool Congress |  |

Kolkata/South travel guide from Wikivoyage

## InfoBox

| Ward No. 89 | |
| --- | --- |
| Kolkata Municipal Corporation | |
| Interactive Map Outlining Ward No. 89 | |
| Ward No. 89Location in Kolkata | |
| Coordinates (dms): 22°30′19″N 88°20′52″E / 22.505222°N 88.347694°E / 22.505222; 88.347694 | |
| Country | India |
| State | West Bengal |
| City | Kolkata |
| Neighbourhood | Tollygunge (Charu Market-Swiss Park) |
| Reservation | Open |
| Parliamentary constituency | Kolkata Dakshin |
| Assembly constituency | Rashbehari
Tollygunge (Previously) |
| Borough | 10 |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 22,304 |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 700 033 |
| Area code | +91 33 |


title: Watt–Groce–Fickhardt House

abstract: The Watt–Groce–Fickhardt House is a historic house in Circleville, Ohio, United States. Located along Main Street on the city's eastern side, it is a distinctive landmark and has been named a historic site. Circleville was platted in 1810 on a farm owned by Jacob Ziegler and Samuel Watt; later in the year, Ziegler sold his interest in the farm to Watt. With the community's rapid expansion, Watt sold more land; by 1820, only 148 acres (60 ha) remained in his ownership. Using the money from the land sales, Watt built a new farmhouse in 1826; two stories high, it is a brick structure with a stone foundation and a metal roof. When completed, it was a typical hall and parlor house. As Circleville continued to grow, Watt sold most of his remaining land in 1835; only 5 acres (2.0 ha) remained after the end of that year. Becoming a leading local businessman, he made an extensive addition to the house in 1852; this new structure took the form of an I-house. A smaller addition, built in 1885, is a frame structure attached to the original portion of the house. Today, the Watt–Groce–Fickhardt House remains a well-preserved example of antebellum architecture. In 1985, the house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying because of its historic architecture and because of its connection to a later resident, John G. Groce, who was a leading member of local society.

text:
# Watt–Groce–Fickhardt House

The **Watt–Groce–Fickhardt House** is a historic house in Circleville, Ohio, United States. Located along Main Street on the city's eastern side, it is a distinctive landmark and has been named a historic site.

Circleville was platted in 1810 on a farm owned by Jacob Ziegler and Samuel Watt; later in the year, Ziegler sold his interest in the farm to Watt. With the community's rapid expansion, Watt sold more land; by 1820, only 148 acres (60 ha) remained in his ownership. Using the money from the land sales, Watt built a new farmhouse in 1826; two stories high, it is a brick structure with a stone foundation and a metal roof. When completed, it was a typical hall and parlor house.

As Circleville continued to grow, Watt sold most of his remaining land in 1835; only 5 acres (2.0 ha) remained after the end of that year. Becoming a leading local businessman, he made an extensive addition to the house in 1852; this new structure took the form of an I-house. A smaller addition, built in 1885, is a frame structure attached to the original portion of the house.

Today, the Watt–Groce–Fickhardt House remains a well-preserved example of antebellum architecture. In 1985, the house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying because of its historic architecture and because of its connection to a later resident, John G. Groce, who was a leading member of local society.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Watt–Groce–Fickhardt House | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| Front of the house | |
|  | |
| Location | 360 E. Main St., Circleville, Ohio |
| Coordinates | 39°36′0″N 82°56′20″W / 39.60000°N 82.93889°W / 39.60000; -82.93889 |
| Area | 0.3 acres (0.12 ha) |
| Built | 1826 |
| Architectural style | I-house |
| NRHP reference No. | 85001804 |
| Added to NRHP | August 23, 1985 |


title: Watashi Iro/Bokura Style

abstract: (私色/僕らスタイル, My Color/Our Style) Watashi Iro/Bokura Style is the fifteenth single released by Japanese performer misono on November 25, 2009. It was released as both a standard CD and a CD+DVD, becoming her fifth consecutive double a-side. It charted low on Oricon at #34, remaining on the charts for four weeks. The single followed the trend of other avex artists by having one melody split into two songs, a trend that had been started by misono's older sister Koda Kumi in 2006 with the single Yume no Uta/Futari de....

text:
# Watashi Iro/Bokura Style

***Watashi Iro/Bokura Style*** (私色/僕らスタイル, *My Color/Our Style*) is the fifteenth single released by Japanese performer misono on November 25, 2009. It was released as both a standard CD and a CD+DVD, becoming her fifth consecutive double a-side. It charted low on Oricon at #34, remaining on the charts for four weeks.

The single followed the trend of other avex artists by having one melody split into two songs, a trend that had been started by misono's older sister Koda Kumi in 2006 with the single *Yume no Uta/Futari de...* (Ayumi Hamasaki had released her single *Sunrise/Sunset ~Love Is All~* three months before misono in August).

## Information

*Watashi Iro/Bokura Style* is the fifteenth single released by Japanese pop/rock artist misono. It became her fifth consecutive double a-side, which began with her single *Kazoku no Hi/Aburazemi Mesu*, a trend she set for her upcoming studio album *Me*. The single failed to break into the top twenty on the Oricon Singles Charts, peaking at #34 and staying on the charts for four consecutive weeks.

The single was released in two editions: a standard CD and a CD+DVD combo pack. The CD portions on both versions held the two a-sides, the coupling track "Gelände ga Tokeru Hodo Koishitai" and the all three songs' corresponding instrumentals. Despite being a double a-side, the DVD only housed the music video for "Bokura Style", omitting "Watashi Iro", the latter of which would be placed on the single's corresponding studio album, *Me*. It also featured the television commercial for the single.

For the a-sides, the melody was split into two different songs with slight different arrangements and different lyrics. This was a trend that began in 2006 with the release of Koda Kumi's single *Yume no Uta/Futari de...,* in which Kumi suggested the song be split due to having happy and sad elements. "Watashi Iro" was an acoustic-based rock ballad, while "Bokura Style" was made into a fast-paced rock song. Throughout the year of 2009, several avex artists released similar concept songs, including Ayumi Hamasaki with *Sunrise/Sunset ~Love is All~*, which was released three months prior to *Watashi Iro/Bokura Style.*

"Gelände ga Tokeru Hodo Koishitai" is a cover of Kohmi Hirose's song of the same name, originally released in 1995 to critical success. misono collaborated with the Winter Queen for not only the cover of the song, but Kohmi also helped write, compose and perform both "Watashi Iro" and "Bokura Style" for the single.

## Track listing

CD
| No. | Title | Lyrics | Music | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Watashi Iro" (私色 / *My Color*) | misono | misono • Kohmi Hirose • Shinjirou Inoue | 4:58 |
| 2. | "Bokura Style" (僕らスタイル / *Our Style*) | Kohmi Hirose | Kohmi Hirose • Susumu Nishikawa | 4:20 |
| 3. | "Gelände ga Tokeru Hodo Koishitai" (ゲレンデがとけるほど恋したい / *I Want to Love You as Much as the Ski Slope Melts*) | Kohmi Hirose | Kohmi Hirose • Susumu Nishikawa | 5:10 |
| 4. | "Watashi Iro" (Instrumental) |  | misono • Kohmi Hirose • Shinjirou Inoue | 4:58 |
| 5. | "Bokura Style" (Instrumental) |  | Kohmi Hirose • Susumu Nishikawa | 4:20 |
| 6. | "Gelände ga Tokeru Hodo Koishitai" (Instrumental) |  | Kohmi Hirose • Susumu Nishikawa | 5:10 |

DVD
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Bokura Style" (Music Video) | 4:20 |
| 2. | "Watashi Iro/Bokura Style" (TV SPOT) | 0:15 |

## Chart ranking (Japan)

Oricon Sales Chart (Japan)

| Date | Title | Peak position | Weeks | Sales |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2009.11.25 | Oricon Daily Charts | 34 |  |  |
| | Oricon Weekly Charts | 79 | 4 weeks | 3,800 |
| |

## InfoBox

| "Watashi Iro / Bokura Style" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by misono | |
| from the album  *Me* | |
| B-side | "Gelaende ga Tokeru Hodo Koishitai" |
| Released | November 25, 2009 |
| Recorded | 2009 |
| Genre | J-pop, pop/rock |
| Label | Avex Trax |
| Songwriter(s) | misono |
| Misono singles chronology | |
| "Urusei Yatsura no Theme: Lum no Love Song/Me"
(2009) "**Watashi Iro / Bokura Style**"
(2009) "...Suki xxx/0-ji Mae no Tsunderella"
(2010) | |


title: Watadeniya

abstract: Watadeniya is a village in Sri Lanka, located within the Kandy District in the country's Central Province. It is served by the B091 (Daulagala-Watadeniya) and B172 (Kadugannawa-Gampola) roads.

text:
# Watadeniya

**Watadeniya** is a village in Sri Lanka, located within the Kandy District in the country's Central Province. It is served by the B091 (Daulagala-Watadeniya) and B172 (Kadugannawa-Gampola) roads.

## InfoBox

| Watadeniya වටදෙනිය | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Coordinates: 7°11′42″N 80°33′09″E / 7.195011°N 80.552494°E / 7.195011; 80.552494 | |
| Country | Sri Lanka |
| Province | Central Province |
| District | Kandy |
| Divisional Secretariat | Udunuwara |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (Sri Lanka Standard Time) |


title: Wandsworth Common Windmill

abstract: Wandsworth Common Windmill is a conserved grade II listed smock mill at Wandsworth Common, in the London Borough of Wandsworth in the United Kingdom.

text:
# Wandsworth Common Windmill

**Wandsworth Common Windmill** is a conserved grade II listed smock mill at Wandsworth Common, in the London Borough of Wandsworth in the United Kingdom.

## History

Wandsworth Common Windmill was built in 1837 to drain water from the railway cutting of the London and Southampton Railway. The water was pumped into an ornamental lake on Wandsworth Common known as the Black Sea, which had been dug by Mr Wilson, the founder of Price's Candle Works. The mill was working c1870, but the Black Sea was drained and filled in around 1884. The mill then lost its purpose and ceased work, with the sails and fantail being removed.

## Description

Wandsworth Common Windmill is a small hexagonal smock mill built on a low brick base. It had a small cap and was powered by four Patent sails. The cap was winded by a fantail. The smock stands today, with a reconstructed cap, replacing the pyramidal roof it bore in the 1960s.

## InfoBox

| Wandsworth Common Windmill | |
| --- | --- |
| The mill in 2010 | |
|  | |
| Origin | |
| Mill name | Wandsworth Common Mill |
| Grid reference | TQ 26805 74465 |
| Coordinates | 51°27′18″N 0°10′35″W / 51.454973°N 0.176347°W / 51.454973; -0.176347 |
| Year built | 1837 |
| Information | |
| Purpose | Drainage mill |
| Type | Smock mill |
| Storeys | Three-storey smock |
| Base storeys | Low base of less than one storey |
| Smock sides | Six sides |
| No. of sails | Four sails |
| Type of sails | Patent sails |
| Winding | Fantail |


title: Watchdogs (Marvel Comics)

abstract: The Watchdogs are a fictional right-wing terrorist group appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics, usually as enemies of Captain America. The Watchdogs have also been adapted into other media, having appeared in the TV series Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. and the video game Marvel's Avengers.

text:
# Watchdogs (Marvel Comics)

The **Watchdogs** are a fictional right-wing terrorist group appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics, usually as enemies of Captain America.

The Watchdogs have also been adapted into other media, having appeared in the TV series *Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.* and the video game *Marvel's Avengers*.

## Publication history

The Watchdogs first appeared in *Captain America* #335 (Nov 1987) and were created by writer Mark Gruenwald and artist Tom Morgan.

Most of the villains Mark Gruenwald introduced in *Captain America* were created to symbolize aspects of contemporary American culture and the world political situation. In the case of the Watchdogs, Gruenwald created them to symbolize censorship and repression.

## Philosophy, goals, and activities

The Watchdogs are dedicated to restoring and preserving traditional American culture and values, and fighting against indecency, immorality, and sexual perversion. The Watchdogs seek to impose their conservative moral views on the general public; they believe in strict enforcement of family values, and are violently opposed to pornography, obscenity, sex education, abortion, homosexuality, and the teaching of evolutionary theory. Their terrorist activities, which include vandalism, arson, intimidation, assault, kidnapping, brainwashing, and murder, are targeted primarily at people who produce material which the Watchdogs consider pornographic, including nude art and sexually explicit music.

The Watchdogs are active in Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Tennessee, West Virginia, Missouri, plus Washington, D.C., and New York City. The Watchdogs imprison their kidnapping victims at a large compound in Vermont, where they force them to wear "dog collars" which the Watchdogs use to administer a painful electric shock as punishment for undesirable behavior. The prisoners are forced to participate in group activities such as sing-alongs, and exposed to constant televised Americana imagery such as baseball games, American flags, fields of flowers, and happy children.

## Organization

The Watchdogs are headed by a leader referred to as Watchdog Prime (real name unknown), also called Watchdog One or Top Dog. Each state ("realm") is governed by a Head Dog. Each realm has one or more operating units ("packs"). Individual cells of Watchdogs, called "dogpounds," are organized by city and led by "pack leaders." Members call one another Dog-Brothers. Unbeknownst to nearly all of its membership, the Watchdogs were partially funded by the Red Skull through his dummy corporation, the Freedom Foundations; the Watchdogs receive the rest of their funding through public contributors and other undisclosed financiers. Watchdog Prime held the position of one of the Red Skull's "division chiefs," and the Red Skull saw in them an opportunity to harm America by creating chaos. Whether Watchdog Prime was deceived by the Skull or was secretly working against that which he claimed to uphold is unknown.

The Watchdogs use conventional technology, with all weapons and paraphernalia purchased from legitimate retailers; members use their own ground vehicles, usually pick up trucks, vans, motorcycles, and recreational vehicles. The Watchdogs wear identical costumes of synthetic stretch fabric resembling riot gear, consisting of tight-fighting purple shirts and pants with gold-colored gloves, leather boots and accessories, armored kevlar vests, and hard plastic helmets with built-in visors. They are trained in the use of firearms, and usually arm themselves with conventional American-manufactured handguns, shotguns, and rifles, and Army surplus explosives. Watchdogs also carry Army surplus walkie-talkies, and short-wave radios. The Red Skull denies Watchdog Prime's request for funding to purchase exotic weaponry, because use of such weapons would undermine the group's image as a grassroots organization.

A Watchdog member must be an adult male over 21 with a valid gun permit willing to sign an affidavit in blood that he is not a homosexual, believes in the Bible and the United States Constitution, disavows all immoral acts, and is willing to use violence to oppose all activities, materials, institutions, and individuals which are deemed by the organization to undermine the morality and decency of the United States.

## Fictional team biography

The Watchdogs were introduced as the first group fought by John Walker and Lemar Hoskins after officially becoming the new Captain America and Bucky, respectively. A major Watchdog pack torches an adult bookstore and women's health clinic, and attempts to lynch an alleged pornographer. This pack is busted by John Walker, as the interim Captain America, who was initially conflicted in his opposition to the Watchdogs because he shared their political views. The Watchdogs later hold Walker's parents captive in an effort to get revenge upon him; during the ensuing melee, the Watchdogs murdered his parents, and Walker became a bitter enemy of the organization. The Red Skull was seen to have employed a single Watchdog in his elite cadre of bodyguards.

At the public ceremony where Walker relinquished his title of Captain America to Rogers, a lone Watchdog shot and apparently killed Walker. In the same issue, an unnamed member of the Watchdogs was killed by Scourge of the Underworld disguised as a government agent. The "Watchdog" was actually a government agent who staged the ruse on John Walker's behalf so that he can re-emerge as the U.S. Agent. As Captain America, Rogers continued to oppose the Watchdogs, especially once they kidnapped his then-girlfriend Bernie Rosenthal.

Although he and U.S. Agent arrested all the Watchdogs at the Vermont compound, the organization was apparently still active by *Captain America* #394, when Watchdog Prime joined his fellow division chiefs in a meeting with the Red Skull. At the time, they were expanding their operations and membership westward across the United States.

## Other versions

In the Ultimate Marvel universe, the Watchdogs are a terrorist hate group that were killed by Scourge.

## In other media

### Television

The Watchdogs appear in media set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe. This version of the group is a radical Inhuman-hunting group who recruit new members from prisons.

### Video games

The Watchdogs appear in *Marvel's Avengers*. This version of the group originated as a vigilante group who captured and eliminated Inhumans before becoming hired guns for A.I.M. and coming into conflict with the Avengers. They also utilize advanced weaponry such as flamethrowers, riot shields, and jet packs.

## InfoBox

| Watchdogs | |
| --- | --- |
| Publication information | |
| Publisher | Marvel Comics |
| First appearance | *Captain America* #335 (Nov 1987) |
| Created by | Mark Gruenwald (Writer)<br>Tom Morgan (Artist) |
| In-story information | |
| Type of organization | Domestic terrorist |


title: Wawachani

abstract: Wawachani is a 5,136-metre-high (16,850 ft) mountain in the Andes in Bolivia. It is situated in the Oruro Department, Challapata Province, Challapata Municipality. It lies north-west of the mountains Wichhu Qullu and Wila Qullu and east of Thuru. The river Jach'a Jawira which later is called Kuntur Nasa after it reaches the mountain of the same name originates near Wawachani. It flows to the south-west.

text:
# Wawachani

**Wawachani** (Aymara *wawachaña* to give birth (animals, women) *\- ni* a suffix, Hispanicized spelling *Huahuachani*) is a 5,136-metre-high (16,850 ft) mountain in the Andes in Bolivia. It is situated in the Oruro Department, Challapata Province, Challapata Municipality. It lies north-west of the mountains Wichhu Qullu and Wila Qullu and east of Thuru.

The river Jach'a Jawira (Aymara for "big river", *Jachcha Jahuira*) which later is called Kuntur Nasa ("condor nose", *Condor Nasa*) after it reaches the mountain of the same name originates near Wawachani. It flows to the south-west.

## InfoBox

| Wawachani | |
| --- | --- |
| WawachaniLocation in Bolivia | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 5,136 m (16,850 ft) |
| Coordinates | 18°57′26″S 66°23′47″W / 18.95722°S 66.39639°W / -18.95722; -66.39639 |
| Geography | |
| Location | Bolivia, Oruro Department, Challapata Province |
| Parent range | Andes |


title: Wappingers Falls Historic District

abstract: The Wappingers Falls Historic District is in the center of that village in Dutchess County, New York, United States. It is a 90-acre area roughly centered along South Avenue and West Main Street, NY 9D and Wappinger Creek. It includes Mesier Park in the center of the village and many adjacent residential neighborhoods, roughly bounded by Elm, Park, Walker, Market and McKinley streets. Much of the district was built in the wake of the industrialization of Wappingers Falls in the 19th century, and its styles represent a cross-section of that century. However, the contributing properties include older buildings, like the ca. 1740 Mesier-Brewer House, and newer ones like the Village Hall, formerly a post office designed under the supervision of Franklin D. Roosevelt during his presidency.

text:
# Wappingers Falls Historic District

The **Wappingers Falls Historic District** is in the center of that village in Dutchess County, New York, United States. It is a 90-acre (36 ha) area roughly centered along South Avenue and West Main Street, NY 9D and Wappinger Creek. It includes Mesier Park in the center of the village and many adjacent residential neighborhoods, roughly bounded by Elm, Park, Walker, Market and McKinley streets.

Much of the district was built in the wake of the industrialization of Wappingers Falls in the 19th century, and its styles represent a cross-section of that century. However, the contributing properties include older buildings, like the ca. 1740 Mesier-Brewer House, and newer ones like the Village Hall, formerly a post office designed under the supervision of Franklin D. Roosevelt during his presidency.

## History

In 1819 a small cotton mill was built in the hollow created by the creek as it descends from Lake Wappinger to drain into the nearby Hudson River. By 1856 it had become one of the largest printworks in the country. A fire that year destroyed the original buildings completely, but they were immediately rebuilt and continued in operation until 1931. The streets on the hillside opposite the mill are lined with frame houses, mostly duplexes, built by the mill for its workers. The two halves of the district, and the village, are connected by an 1884 stone arch bridge that replaced earlier wooden structures.

The village's business district, along Main Street north and south of the creek, is lined with three-story Italianate row buildings dating to the years after the Civil War. The residential streets to the southwest are filled with larger houses in a variety of 19th-century styles, from Greek and Gothic Revival to Second Empire and Queen Anne.

Two significant contributing properties separately listed in the Register date to the pre- and post-industrial eras. The Mesier-Brewer House in the center of the village is a well-preserved pre-Revolutionary stone and wood home common in the region. Across from it at the junction of East Main Street and South Avenue is the fieldstone police station. It was originally built as one of five post offices in the county designed in stone at the insistence of Roosevelt, a native of nearby Hyde Park. In the late 20th century a new post office was built several blocks to the east and in 1995 the village moved its operations there from the American Legion Hall on Spring Street. The police, who had been working from the Mesier House, joined them.

In 1984 the district was added to the National Register of Historic Places. It is described as a "collection of distinct nineteenth-century structures linked to the development of an important Hudson Valley industrial center."

## Buildings Lost

### Goring Hall

Edward M. Goring was born in Manchester, England, April 20, 1828, the son of John M. and Martha Heald Goring. Edward M. Goring, was only eight years of age when his parents left England; he attended the district school at Wappingers Falls, and in 1845 apprenticed to the trade of engraving to calico printing, which he followed from 1845 to 1860. For the succeeding nine years he was engaged in the coal business, and in 1869 he was a member of the firm of Disbrow & Goring, iron founders. He was supervisor for the Town of Fishkill, a member of the New York Assembly, and president of the village in 1879. In 1883 he was appointed, by President Arthur, postmaster at Wappingers Falls. Mr. Goring was a trustee of the Grinnell Library for thirty years. He was actively involved in a number of local enterprises including: the creating of the town of Wappinger from the town of Fishkill; the incorporations of Wappingers Savings Bank, and Bank of Wappingers respectively; the incorporation of Wappingers Falls as a village; and in the laying out of the new road to New Hamburg as a public, instead of a toll road, as chartered by the Legislature. “In all these responsible and honorable positions, he has acquitted himself with credit to himself, and for the best interests of the public.”

In 1872 Goring Hall was built and opened as a drug and stationery store. For over twenty years, Goring Hall was the site of the Falls Coffee Shop, operated by the late Mary Ross, former mayor of the village (2001-2003). Ross and her staff were noted for supplying the volunteer firemen with coffee during responses to fire calls. Goring Hall was demolished in early December 2012, after a partial wall collapse on November 22, 2012, early Thanksgiving morning.

### Mulhern House

Mulhern House was an historic home located at the end of Market Street. It was built about 1815 as a workers' residence that survived intact from the initial period of industrial development in Wappingers Falls. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1987. The building was destroyed in a gas explosion in February 1994.

### Sweet Orr Factory

Clayton E. Sweet, was born at Wappingers Falls, N. Y., June 16, 1834. His father was for many years a merchant and manufacturer in Wappingers Falls, and for a period postmaster of the village. Mr. Sweet was educated at the public schools of his native place and at the Dutchess County Academy at Poughkeepsie. Then for three years he was in the employ of Levi Cook & Co., merchants on Broadway, New York. He returned to Wappinger's Falls to enter his father's store, was made a partner. For many years. Mr. Sweet was one of the leading business men of the place and of great usefulness to the community. He was one of the first trustees of the Wappingers Savings Bank, and acted as its secretary and treasurer until it obtained a substantial footing; he was afterwards elected vice president of the institution. For seven years he was postmaster of the village under President Grant. He was also a director of the Fallkill National Bank of Poughkeepsie, and a vestryman of the Zion Episcopal Church of Wappingers Falls.

The firm of Sweet, Orr & Co., were pioneers in the manufacture of overalls. After a large business experience in the Village of Wappingers Falls, he moved to Newburgh in 1887, to which city the business offices of the company were changed that year.

Sweet Orr set up a factory building on Mill Street in the late 1800s. The company manufactured denim overalls and jeans sold all over the country. The building burned down in the 1990s and is now the site of one of the village's parking lots.

1. Larson, Neil (August 3, 1984). "National Register of Historic Places nomination form, Wappingers Falls Historic District". Archived from the original on February 12, 2012. Retrieved March 24, 2008.
2. "Community Facilities and Services" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on August 7, 2008. Retrieved March 25, 2008. (85.1 KB)
3. Beers, J.H. (1897). *Commemorative Biographical Record of Dutchess County, New York*. Chicago: J.H.Beers & Co. pp. 552–553.
4. Schutzman, Nina (November 23, 2012). "Wall collapse is 2nd for historic Goring Hall". *Poughkeepsie Journal*. Retrieved December 9, 2012.
5. Barry, John W. (November 24, 2012). "Mayor awaits plan for 9D". *Poughkeepsie Journal*. Archived from the original on January 31, 2013. Retrieved December 9, 2012.
6. Barry, John W. (November 26, 2012). "Demolition next step after building collapse". *Poughkeepsie Journal*. Archived from the original on January 31, 2013. Retrieved December 9, 2012.
7. "2 Buildings Leveled, 2 Hurt in Gas Blasts". *New York Times*. February 13, 1994. Retrieved December 7, 2012.
8. *The History of Orange County New York*, Headley, Russel, ed., Van Deusen and Elms, Middletown, N. Y. 1908

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Wappingers Falls Historic District | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| U.S. Historic district | |
|  | |
| Civil War-era rowhouses on east side of Main, 2007 | |
|  | |
| Location | Wappingers Falls, NY |
| Nearest city | Poughkeepsie |
| Coordinates | 41°35′53″N 73°55′07″W / 41.59806°N 73.91861°W / 41.59806; -73.91861 |
| Area | 90 acres (36 ha) |
| Built | mid 18th-mid 20th century |
| Architectural style | Late Victorian |
| MPS | Wappingers Falls MRA |
| NRHP reference No. | 84002380 |
| Added to NRHP | 1984 |


title: Wappingers Falls, New York

abstract: Wappingers Falls is a village in the towns of Poughkeepsie and Wappinger, in Dutchess County, New York, United States. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 5,522. The community was named for the cascade in Wappinger Creek. The Wappingers Falls post office covers areas in the towns of Wappinger, Poughkeepsie, Fishkill, East Fishkill, and LaGrange. This can result in some confusion when residents of the outlying towns, who do not live in the village, give their address as "Wappingers Falls". Grinnell Library, located in the village, is the sixth-oldest library in the state.

text:
# Wappingers Falls, New York

**Wappingers Falls** is a village in the towns of Poughkeepsie and Wappinger, in Dutchess County, New York, United States. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 5,522. The community was named for the cascade in Wappinger Creek. The Wappingers Falls post office covers areas in the towns of Wappinger, Poughkeepsie, Fishkill, East Fishkill, and LaGrange. This can result in some confusion when residents of the outlying towns, who do not live in the village, give their address as "Wappingers Falls".

Grinnell Library, located in the village, is the sixth-oldest library in the state.

## History

The Wappinger were an Algonquian-speaking confederacy of Native Americans whose territory in the 17th century extended along the eastern bank of the Hudson River. Primarily based in what is now Dutchess County, their territory was bordered by Manhattan Island to the south, the Mahican territory bounded by the Roeliff Jansen Kill to the north, and extended east into parts of Connecticut. *Wappinger* means "easterner" in most Algonquian languages.

The area was part of the Rombout Patent. In 1741, two Dutchmen, Nicholas and Adolphus Brewer, purchased 750 acres (300 ha) of land around the falls and built the first stone house in the village near the present Mill Street. In 1742, the Brewers built a mill on the east side of Wappinger Creek. Nicholas Brewer built the Mesier Homestead, which he sold in 1777 to Matthew VanBenschoten, who, in turn, sold it to Peter Mesier Sr., a merchant from New York City.

In May 1777, soldiers and local residents attacked Peter Mesier's house in Wappingers Falls, disputing the price of tea for sale in a small store inside his home. Mesier was a merchant from New York City and a Loyalist. The angry mob struck Mesier, beat his slaves, and drank wine stored in the cellar. They also took the tea and left a small amount of money behind.

The local waterfall was important for early industrial development. In 1819 a small cotton mill was built in the hollow created by the creek as it descends from Wappinger Lake to drain into the Hudson River. By 1856 it had become one of the largest printworks in the country. A fire that year destroyed the original buildings completely, but they were immediately rebuilt and continued in operation until 1931. The streets on the hillside opposite the mill are lined with frame houses, mostly duplexes, built by the mill for its workers. The two halves of the village are connected by an 1884 stone arch bridge that replaced earlier wooden structures.

The village of Wappingers Falls was incorporated in 1871 and included the adjacent community on the west side of the Wappinger Creek, by then called Channingville. The east side was known as Franklindale. In 1885 the Franklindale Cotton Mill, which employed about 130 people, was destroyed by fire. During President Grover Cleveland’s second administration, the Independent Comb Factory on the corner of Fulton and Prospect streets was forced to close. The repeal of the tariff made it impossible for the company to compete with German-made combs. In 1909, the Garner Print Works were sold and became the Dutchess Bleachery. The plant, which at times employed as many as 1,150 people, stopped printing calico but continued as a bleachery and dye works.

On June 3, 2017, downtown Wappingers Falls had a devastating structure fire that left more than 30 people displaced and six businesses temporarily closed. No one was injured during the fire, which spread through a strip of buildings in the East Main Street corridor on Saturday afternoon.

### Channingville

That portion of the village lying north of the creek, in the town of Poughkeepsie, was originally known as "Ednam". It later became known as Channingville (sometimes rendered "Chiningville"), which name is derived from the Channing family, who owned the farm on which it mostly lies.

The first merchant in this part of the village was a cooper, John Crilley, from Ireland by way of Glenham. In 1842 he built the first brick building erected on either side of the creek. By 1836, Ednam had about thirty dwellings and a cotton factory with 2,400 spindles and 90 looms, making 500,000 yards of cloth per annum.

J.J. O'Riley's North American Hotel and Eagan's Opera House (built in 1876 by John Eagan, with a seating capacity for five hundred people) were located here. The village's first post office was established here in 1840. The post office bore the name of the creek.

The Bain Commercial Building is located at the corner of Church and West Main (NY 9D) streets. The Bain family is believed to have built the building in 1875, shortly after Channingville became part of the village. It was both their residence and their place of business. It is a late 19th-century brick building that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.

## Historic places

The Wappingers Falls Historic District includes downtown, several adjacent residential neighborhoods, and Mesier Park & Homestead. Mesier Park has been a public park since ca. 1891, and hosts many annual events that focus around the bandstand and tree-lined paths of the park. In 1984 the district was added to the National Register of Historic Places.

The Dutchess Company Superintendent's House is located on Market Street in the western corner of the village. It is a large brick residence that was built as housing for the manager of the Dutchess Company, a large local printing works, shortly after the plant was built in 1848. It remained in company ownership until the company failed in the 20th century. In 1984 it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.

The Police Station is located at the corner of South Avenue (NY 9D) and East Main Street. It was originally built in 1940 as the village's new post office, a WPA project. President Franklin D. Roosevelt took a personal interest in the project, as he had with other new post offices in Dutchess County. He wanted it to be built of fieldstone in the style of many Dutch colonial houses in the area, and chose the Brewer-Mesier House in the village as the model for its design. The old post office contains two Treasury Section of Fine Arts murals by Henry Billings. The paintings show two views of the town's waterfall at different points in time, one from 1780 and the other from 1880, facing each other from opposite ends of the small building.

## Places of worship

### Zion Episcopal Church

Zion Episcopal Church began in 1820 under the shade of an apple tree when Joanna Mesier, wife of Matthew Mesier, began a Sunday school. There were only seven or eight families living in the area at the time. The class was subsequently moved to a corn barn near the Mesier homestead where the village flagpole now stands. The Mesiers attended Trinity Church in Fishkill, the nearest Episcopal church, but felt the need for a church less distant for the farmers of the area and their families. In 1833, the Reverend Doctor George B. Andrews moved to a farm, "Highmount", between Hughsonville and New Hamburg. On July 14 of that year he conducted the first official service of the Episcopal Church somewhere on the north side of Wappingers Creek. He continued to be driven up from his farm with his family and servants to spend Sundays near the falls. In December 1833, Matthew Mesier gave a small tract of land between the burial ground and the turnpike (now Main Street) in front of what was then Mr. Givens' place. One month later plans were made to construct a church. The stone for the church came from the property of Benjamin Clapp, much of which he hauled himself. Zion Protestant Episcopal Church was dedicated by Bishop Onderdonk on May 6, 1836. Mr. Andrews served as pastor, not only to the church in Wappingers, but often found time to row across the Hudson to conduct services in Marlboro. The church's most notable pastor was Henry Yates Satterlee, assistant rector 1865-75 and senior rector 1875–83, who was elected the first bishop of the Washington Diocese in 1896 and there established the Cathedral Church of Saint Peter and Saint Paul, popularly known as Washington National Cathedral.

### Bethel Missionary Baptist Church

The Franklindale Baptist Church was organized in 1838. Benjamin Clapp, former warden of Zion Episcopal, converted to the Baptist faith and donated land on the corner of Prospect Street and South Avenue. The church building was dedicated on December 5, 1847. In 1967 the Bethel Baptist community purchased Franklindale Baptist, which was dedicated as Bethel Missionary Baptist Church on October 15, 1967. In 1997 the need for additional space brought the purchase of the house across Prospect Street, which had belonged to Dr. Kerrigan. Referred to as "Bethel Annex", the 1830s building provided space for the church school and events. In the mid-2000s, the Kerrigan House was sold and transported across South Avenue to be replaced by a new church building.

### First Presbyterian Church

The Presbyterian Church at Wappingers Falls owed it existence to Mrs. John Fisher Sheafe, whose country seat was near New Hamburg. She asked the Rev. John D. Wells, who was then preaching at Ellessdie Chapel, situated two miles north of New Hamburg on the river road, to see if there was a need for a church in Wappingers. This resulted in the organization of the Presbyterian Society in 1848, and the same year a church edifice and parsonage were built by Mrs. Sheafe on Fulton Street. During the pastorate of Rev. O.A. Kingsbury (1879-1883) the Fulton Street property was sold and the present brick structure on South Avenue erected. The new church was dedicated July 23, 1872. The church lasted for just over 150 years before it closed, holding its final service on January 13, 2023.

### United Methodist Church of Wappingers Falls

The first Methodist Episcopal Church in the area of Wappingers Falls was started by noted circuit riding preacher Freeborn Garrettson in 1788. By 1824, services were held in the home of Joseph C. Smith at Middlebush, before moving to a schoolhouse. In 1827, the Methodist Society purchased the former Baptist meeting house, also at Middlebush. In 1841 it became part of the Johnsville circuit. John Given donated land in the then village of Ednam, at the falls west of the Wappingers Creek. Ednamville was established as a mission church served by preachers who rode circuit to Middlebush and New Hamburg. In 1845, a church was built at the corner of West Main and Church Streets. In the spring of 1868, with the idea of merging the Wappingers Falls and Middlebush congregations, land was purchased from the estate of Margaret Reese. The old Middlebush church was taken down and the materials used to construct a barn on the new church property on Mesier Avenue. The church was known as the Methodist Episcopal Church until 1939 when the name was changed to The Methodist Church. In 1968, it was changed to the United Methodist Church. In 1974, with the merger with the New Hamburg Methodist Church it became known as The United Methodist Church of Wappingers. In early 2020 the church merged with the Poughkeepsie United Methodist Church and the building was sold.

### St. Mary's Church

Roman Catholics of what is now Wappingers Falls were cared for by priests from St. Peter's Church in Poughkeepsie until 1845 when the parish was founded to serve southern Dutchess County. In 1850, the first pastor took up residence. Masses were offered in local homes until a church was constructed on Clinton Street. The current church building was consecrated in 1879, although the interior has been renovated a number of times, the last being in the early 2000's. The parish also has a cemetery which is still in operation and a school which closed in 2019.

### Mount Alvernia and the Monastery of St. Clare

Mount Alvernia Retreat Center sits on 204 acres overlooking the Hudson Valley and is run by the Franciscan Friars of the New York Province of the Immaculate Conception. It was built in 1950 and until 1967 served as a seminary to train Franciscan friars for the Roman Catholic priesthood. Its chapel offers daily Mass while the former seminary building hosts retreats and other events. On the property of the Retreat Center is the Monastery of St. Clare built in 2004 for the Poor Clares, Franciscan nuns who moved to Wappingers Falls from Throgs Neck in the Bronx.

## Geography

Wappingers Falls is situated at the head of navigation on Wappinger Creek, about 2 miles (3 km) above (northeast of) its confluence with the Hudson River. According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 1.2 square miles (3.1 km2), of which 1.1 square miles (2.9 km2) is land and 0.1 square miles (0.2 km2), or 6.45%, is water.

Wappinger Creek flows through the village. The Wappingers Falls post office serves both the village of Wappingers Falls and the town of Wappinger (as well as portions of Fishkill, East Fishkill, Poughkeepsie and LaGrange) under the ZIP code "Wappingers Falls, NY 12590". US 9 passes through the village, as well as NY 9D.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1870 | 2,263 |  |  |
| 1890 | 3,718 |  |  |
| 1900 | 3,504 |  | −5.8% |
| 1910 | 3,195 |  | −8.8% |
| 1920 | 3,235 |  | 1.3% |
| 1930 | 3,336 |  | 3.1% |
| 1940 | 3,427 |  | 2.7% |
| 1950 | 3,490 |  | 1.8% |
| 1960 | 4,447 |  | 27.4% |
| 1970 | 5,607 |  | 26.1% |
| 1980 | 5,110 |  | −8.9% |
| 1990 | 4,605 |  | −9.9% |
| 2000 | 4,929 |  | 7.0% |
| 2010 | 5,522 |  | 12.0% |
| 2020 | 6,103 |  | 10.5% |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |

As of the 2010 census, the total population of the village was 5,522. The racial makeup of the village was 72.5% white, 7.4% African American, .03% Native American, 4.8% Asian, 10.2% from other races, and 4.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 26.2% of the population. The median age was 35.5 years.

The median income for a household in the village was $39,123, and the median income for a family was $50,000. Males had a median income of $38,147 versus $26,607 for females. The per capita income for the village was $20,491. About 10.4% of families and 12.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.1% of those under age 18 and 14.3% of those age 65 or over.

It is part of the PoughkeepsieNewburghMiddletown, NY Metropolitan Statistical Area as well as the larger New YorkNewarkBridgeport, NY-NJ-CT-PA Combined Statistical Area.

## Entertainment and the arts

County Players Falls Theatre, a volunteer, non-profit community theatre is located on West Main Street in the village, in the former Academy Theatre building.

TV stations (with antenna pointed south) WCBS-TV-2, WNBC-TV-4, WNYW-TV-5, WABC-TV-7, WWOR-TV-9, WPIX-TV-11, WNET-13

TV stations, with antenna pointed north to Albany, include WRGB-TV-6, WTEN-TV-10, WMHT-TV-17 and WCWN-45.

These stations are also delivered by cablevision.

## Education

St. Mary Elementary School was a Catholic K-8 school of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York in Wappingers Falls that opened in September 1893 and closed in June 2019. It had 118 students when it closed.

The Village of Wappingers Falls is part of the Wappingers Central School District. Since the closing of St. Mary's Elementary School there are no schools within the village, although James S. Evans Elementary School and Wappingers Junior High School border the village.

## Transportation

The New Hamburg station on Metro-North Railroad's Hudson Line serves Wappinger's Falls. Stewart International Airport is located just over the Newburgh–Beacon Bridge, and offers domestic and international flights.

## Notable people

## Books

## InfoBox

| Wappingers Falls, New York | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Downtown Wappingers Falls | |
|  | |
| Location of Wappingers Falls, New York | |
| Coordinates: 41°35′57″N 73°55′5″W / 41.59917°N 73.91806°W / 41.59917; -73.91806 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | New York |
| County | Dutchess |
| Towns | Wappinger, Poughkeepsie |
| Incorporated | 1871 |
| Area | |
| Total | 1.20 sq mi (3.11 km2) |
| Land | 1.12 sq mi (2.90 km2) |
| Water | 0.08 sq mi (0.20 km2) |
| Elevation | 154 ft (47 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 6,103 |
| Density | 5,444.25/sq mi (2,102.14/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC−5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC−4 (EDT) |
| ZIP Code | 12590 |
| Area code | 845 |
| FIPS code | 36-78168 |
| GNIS feature ID | 0968775 |
| Website | www.wappingersfallsny.gov |


title: Waterhole, Alberta

abstract: Waterhole is an unincorporated locality in the Municipal District of Fairview No. 136, Alberta, Canada. Now a ghost town, Waterhole prospered during the early 1900s.

text:
# Waterhole, Alberta

**Waterhole** is an unincorporated locality in the Municipal District of Fairview No. 136, Alberta, Canada. Now a ghost town, Waterhole prospered during the early 1900s.

## History

The location was known in the late 1800s as "The Waterhole", because potable water from Boucher Creek could be found in a waterhole located there. The first settler arrived in 1908, and a post office was established in 1912. In 1914, a general store opened. That same year, an annual agricultural fair was started, and Waterhole had over 50 residents. In 1916, a community hall was built, and by 1926, Waterhole had a doctor's office, a livery barn, a black smith, a hardware store, a bank, a telegraph office, electrical generator, and telephone service. The Empire Hotel in Waterhole was owned by three Chinese immigrants. Waterhole was "the focal point for a wide range of commercial and social activity" between Peace River and Dunvegan.

### Decline

When the Edmonton, Dunvegan and British Columbia Railway was built through the area in 1928, it bypassed Waterhole, and was constructed through Fairview, located 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) north of Waterhole. To benefit from the economic prosperity associated with being near a railroad, most of the families and businesses in Waterhole moved to Fairview, where Waterhole residents were given first choice of surveyed lots for sale. Some Waterhole buildings were transported to Fairview, while others were dismantled and then rebuilt there.

> When the Canada Central put up a station at the end of steel in 1928, most of the 200 or so people of Waterhole packed up and moved to the new instant railway village of Fairview, many of them moving their houses and business offices, as well.

Fairview prospered as a regional centre to the surrounding agricultural area.

The post office in Waterhole closed in 1932, and Waterhole was abandoned. Few structures remained in Waterhole, and much of the former townsite was plowed over and used for agriculture. The Waterhole Cemetery continues to operate.

In 1990, an archaeological investigations was conducted at Waterhole.

## Notable people

## InfoBox

| Waterhole | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated locality | |
| Waterhole, 1920 | |
| WaterholeWaterhole | |
| Coordinates: 56°0′46″N 118°24′54″W / 56.01278°N 118.41500°W / 56.01278; -118.41500 | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | Alberta |
| Municipal district | Fairview No. 136 |
| Time zone | UTC−7 (MST) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC−6 (MDT) |
| GNBC Code | IAOZM |


title: Wattle Island (Antarctica)

abstract: Wattle Island is a small island lying close to the coast and 6 nautical miles (11 km) east of Kirkby Head, Enderby Land. Plotted from air photos taken from ANARE aircraft in 1956. Wattle is the vernacular name given to over 400 species of Acacia found in different parts of Australia.

text:
# Wattle Island (Antarctica)

**Wattle Island** (67°17′S 46°46′E / 67.283°S 46.767°E / -67.283; 46.767) is a small island lying close to the coast and 6 nautical miles (11 km) east of Kirkby Head, Enderby Land. Plotted from air photos taken from ANARE (Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions) aircraft in 1956. Wattle is the vernacular name given to over 400 species of Acacia found in different parts of Australia.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Wattle Island (Antarctica)". *Geographic Names Information System*. United States Geological Survey.


title: Wattle Park, Melbourne

abstract:
Wattle Park is a public park in Melbourne, Australia, located in the suburb of Burwood. It is known for its plantation of 12,000 wattle trees. It is currently maintained by Parks Victoria.
The park provides public open space for recreation, as well as sporting facilities and a wedding and function venue.

text:
# Wattle Park, Melbourne

**Wattle Park** is a public park in Melbourne, Australia, located in the suburb of Burwood. It is known for its plantation of 12,000 wattle trees. It is currently maintained by Parks Victoria. The park provides public open space for recreation, as well as sporting facilities (accessed on a fee paying basis) and a wedding and function venue.

## Location and facilities

Wattle Park is located in the Melbourne suburb of Burwood within the City of Whitehorse, approximately 13 km east of Melbourne's CBD. There are two children's playgrounds, BBQs, tables and seats. Two heritage 'W' Class trams offer shelter. The Wattle Park Chalet is located within the park. The Chalet has been used as a wedding venue and function centre since it opened in 1928. Oral sources suggest that this is the oldest continuously running wedding venue in Melbourne. Public toilets are located near Wattle Park Chalet on Monsborough Drive, the access road off Riversdale Road. There is a large grassed sports oval and a nine-hole public golf course with cafe, and public tennis courts are available by booking Wattle Park Golf Course. There are a number of walking tracks through the bush and a perimeter track. Dogs are permitted in the park on a lead.

## Wattle Park Chalet

The Wattle Park Chalet was built in 1928 as a tea-house and function venue. It is an elegant structure in the rustic Tudor style of English architect Sir Edwin Lutyens. The Wattle Park Chalet was designed by Melbourne architect Alan Monsborough and is located at the centre of Wattle Park. The timber beams used for building the chalet were recycled from other, earlier structures. The roof slates came from the former Yarra Bend Asylum. Bricks came from cable tram engine-house chimneys. The front porch was added later, in 1937.

The construction of the chalet involved several sub-contractors. Unions stopped construction work on 7 March 1928, demanding that all workers on the site be paid at construction industry rates, rather than the 'mixed rate' of tramways workers. Work resumed approximately four weeks later at the same pay rate but on the understanding that the issue would be revisited.

Two smaller single-storey wings branch off the chalet's main hall. The west wing originally contained the caretaker's residence, and the east wing contained the kitchen and kiosk. Between the wings was a paved courtyard. The paving was recycled from the former tramway engine house on Alexandra Avenue and old cable tram sheds.

## Heritage and the Lone Pine

Approximately one-third of the park is recorded as a heritage place by Heritage Victoria, and the National Trust of Australia has also classified the park.

The "Lone Pine" tree growing near the main carpark is listed on the National Trust's Significant Tree Register, being one of the country's few original Lone Pines. The tree was grown from the seed of a cone collected by one of the Australian soldiers involved in the Gallipoli Campaign from the lone pine tree in Gallipoli, Turkey as a reminder of this notable battle and the ANZACs' involvement in World War I. Planted in Wattle Park on 8 May 1933 at the Trooping of the Colour by the 24th Battalion, the tree was the first Lone Pine to ever be publicly planted as an ANZAC memorial, pre-dating the one planted at Melbourne's Shrine of Remembrance by a month, and the one at the Australian War Memorial in Canberra by seventeen months.

## Flora and fauna

The park contains areas of indigenous remnant bush land which has been identified as regionally significant. The Urban Fauna Survey Unit (Department of Conservation Forests and Lands, 1989) nominated the site as one of regional significance on the basis of its high diversity of common native fauna in a suburban environment.

There are recorded to be at least twenty species of butterfly, sixty species of beetle, three species of frogs, bats, skinks, ringtail and brushtail possums. The park's bird life includes kookaburras, rosellas, rainbow lorikeets, galahs, and gang-gang cockatoos.

## History

The park was created when the Hawthorn Tramway Trust (HTT) purchased 137 acres (554,000 m2) of land from Eliza Welch, under the condition it was to be used as a public park. the park was the site of the residence of Orlando Fenwick, a longstanding councillor for the City of Melbourne who had been Lord Mayor between 1871-2. It was known as Fenwick's Paddock when purchased for about £2500 by Mrs. Welch (proprietress of the Ball and Welch department store). The park opened on 31 March 1917 when Sir Arthur Stanley planted a Golden Wattle and named the park.

Due to the HTT's financial troubles, further development of the park was put off for some time. After the HTT had been amalgamated into the Melbourne & Metropolitan Tramways Board, it was put off due to work on electrifying Melbourne's cable tramways. Planning and development of the park started in 1926, when a plantation of 12,000 wattle trees were laid out in a wide belt as a hedge around the outskirts of the area. Lawns and flower beds were laid down, winding pathways built, and a small stream trickling through the centre of the park was cleaned and widened and. Fringed with willows and poplars. On the north eastern slopes, a splendid natural forest, consisting chiefly of poplars, gums, woolly butt and eucalyptus longifolia, was carefully preserved. The Wattle Park Chalet contained a cafe, dancing floor and other amenities; considerable ingenuity was shown in the building of this chalet. Bricks from old tramway chimneys were used extensively, while the roof contained slates from the demolished Yarra Bend Asylum. Rafters and other timbers came from disused car barns, stones from old rookeries along Alexander Avenue, while the pavements of the promenade in front of the chalet and elsewhere were made from. broken slates from old tramway engine houses and was completed in 1928 and served as a tea house for light refreshments and recreation, as well as a scenic wedding and function venue. Fencing posts around the boundaries of the park were manufactured from old tramway, rails, and a children's joy wheel was made from a tramway cable wheel. The chalet was built on the highest slope in the park, about 320 feet above sea level, and from its balconies a splendid panoramic view of Melbourne was obtained. Children's playgrounds were laid out: swings, joy wheels, a wading pool and other attractions. Cable car dummies were transformed into shelters and places where meals could be enjoyed. A sports oval was laid out alongside the chalet, along with two tennis courts. Facing Boundary-Road, (now Warrigal Road) was one of the most conspicuous spots in the park, a miniature lake planted with water lilies and stocked with goldfish. This lake used to be the dam of the old homestead.

A 9-hole golf course opened at Wattle Park in October 1937, with other facilities following later.

Most of the trees at Wattle Park were planted by Head Landscape Gardener and Curator George William Tickner (later changed by deed poll to George Nelson) who had built his own home at 14 Patterson Avenue, opposite the park. George was responsible for the planning, laying out, design and construction of the Tennis Courts, Golf Course, Pond, Lake, Paths, Walking Tracks, Sports Oval and many other structures in the park. Employed by the tramways board in the 1920s, Wattle Park became his life's work until he retired.

With the rise of popularity of motor cars in the 1960s and 70s, the MMTB (which was absorbed by the new Metropolitan Transit Authority in 1983) was focusing its attention elsewhere. Subsequently, local residents began to complain to the state government about the poor state of Wattle Park. In 1991, ownership of Wattle Park was passed from the Public Transport Corporation to the Melbourne & Metropolitan Board of Works, which undertook a program to rehabilitate the park's landscape.

## Connection with trams

As Wattle Park, for most of its history, had been maintained by Melbourne's tram operators, it retains a connection with Melbourne's tramways. The Melbourne Tramways Band (no longer sponsored by Yarra Trams) plays at Wattle Park once a month during spring and autumn. The bodies of two SW6 class trams (number 861 and 936) have been installed as shelters at Wattle Park. A previous SW6 tram body (number 885) at Wattle Park was burnt down by vandals in December 2011.

Tram route 70 runs along the park's northern boundary, with its terminus at the easternmost end of the park.

## InfoBox

| Wattle Park | |
| --- | --- |
| Wattle Park's Lone Pine | |
|  | |
| Location | Melbourne, Australia |
| Coordinates | 37°50′20″S 145°06′16″E / 37.8390°S 145.1045°E / -37.8390; 145.1045 |
| Opened | 31 March 1917 |
| Operated by | Parks Victoria |
| Paths | Pedestrian and bicycle access throughout |
| Facilities | Toilets, barbecues, playground, golf course |


title: Wattle Park, South Australia

abstract: Wattle Park is a suburb of Adelaide, South Australia in the City of Burnside.

text:
# Wattle Park, South Australia

**Wattle Park** is a suburb of Adelaide, South Australia in the City of Burnside.

## History

The suburb may have been named by George Scarfe for the property, sections 288 and 289 totalling around 68 acres (28 ha), that he purchased around 1880. His residence, renamed "Scarfe House", became the Wattle Park Teachers College in 1957 until 1972, when its usage and name were changed to the Wattle Park Teachers Centre until sold by the Education Department. In 1991 it became the centrepiece of "Wattle Grove", a retirement village for Southern Cross Homes.

### Olives

The Stonyfell Olive Company was founded by Joseph Crompton with William Mair and Sidney Clark in 1873, with planting continuing until 1882 across Stonyfell and adjoining areas. By the 1900 had a 100 acres (40 ha) planted with about 10,000 olive trees, around Penfold Road. In 1901, the company employed 81 workers. This business became largely owned by the family of Owen Crompton (1875–1923) after his marriage to Sarah Simpson, daughter of A. M. Simpson, who settled on her the whole of his considerable stake in the company. With the inexorable expansion of Adelaide's suburbs, the land was sold to developers. The olive crushing plant was actually in what is now Wattle Park, at the western end of Crompton Drive. In August 1932, the Stonyfell Olive Company was the largest producer of olive oil in South Australia, and it entered into an agreement with Bickford's to do the bottling of the oil.

### Post office

Wattle Park Post Office opened on 8 April 1965 and closed in 1967.

## Facilities

There are no schools in Wattle Park. The closest school to Wattle Park is St Peter's Collegiate Girls' School in Stonyfell. Other schools nearby are Norwood Morialta High School (Senior Campus) and Magill Primary School in Magill.

Wattle Park Kindergarten, formerly named Christopher Rawson Penfold Kindergarten after Christopher Rawson Penfold, is located on Yeltana Avenue.

## InfoBox

| Wattle Park<br>Adelaide, South Australia | |
| --- | --- |
| Wattle Park | |
| Coordinates | 34°55′40″S 138°40′37″E / 34.927812°S 138.677073°E / -34.927812; 138.677073 |
| Population | 1,885 (SAL 2021) |
| Postcode(s) | 5066 |
| LGA(s) | City of Burnside |


title: We Are Sthlm sexual assaults

text:
# We Are Sthlm sexual assaults

Dozens of reported sexual assaults in 2014 and 2015 at We Are Sthlm, a youth festival in the Swedish capital Stockholm, were not publicized by the police. The Stockholm police had received 38 reports of sexual harassment at We Are Sthlm in 2014 and 2015 together, from female visitors at the festival, most of whom were under 15 years of age, but had not publicized these reported harassments in their press releases then. Police spokesperson Varg Gyllander in 2016, during the commotion about the 2015–16 New Year's Eve sexual assaults in Germany, suggested that this non-reporting in 2015 and 2014 may partly have been caused by the police's fear to "talk about these things in the context of the immigration debate today".

## Background

We Are Sthlm was established as a summer music festival for youth in 2000 under the name "Ung08" with free yearly public concerts and events in central Stockholm. The venture was successful and received support from Stockholm Municipality in 2003. In 2013, the festival was attended by 160,000 people and changed its name to "We Are Sthlm".

Rapes were reported at Swedish music festivals at Arvika in 2006 and 2010, at Emmaboda in 2014, and at Bråvalla in 2015. At the Arvika festivals, the police publicized reports of rape but characterized both events as "calm".

## 2014 and 2015 festivals

In 2014 and 2015 together, 38 incidents of sexual harassment at We Are Sthlm were reported to the police by female visitors at the festival, most of whom were under 15 years of age, but the Stockholm police did not publicize about these alleged harassments in their press releases then, also the assaults seem to not have been fully investigated. A police spokesman played down the scale of these harassment incidents: around 15 such reports, by 170,000 people for five days gathered in an open youth music festival, "is still too many, but also not very much".

In connection to the 2015 festival, Sveriges Radio in August 2015 reported that sexual harassment had occurred that year, and that festival had been plagued by the same problems for several years.

Newspaper *Dagens Nyheter* on 10 January 2016, during the commotion over the 2015–16 New Year's Eve sexual assaults in Germany, had obtained internal documents from the police and wrote about what they now framed as a police cover-up of sex assaults. *Dagens Nyheter* analyzed that sexual harassment had been a problem since the festival started in 2000, but that the information had been withheld due to concern for the reputation of the event.

Police spokesperson Varg Gyllander on 11 January 2016 suggested that the non-reporting in 2015 and 2014 had been ""self censorship" on the part of individual officers", as certain "police employees ... are afraid of talking about these things in the context of the immigration debate today".

## 2016 media coverage

On 9 January, crime reporter Lasse Wierup published an article in newspaper *Dagens Nyheter* as a reaction to the New Year's Eve sexual assaults in Germany, especially in Cologne. Wierup pointed to the similarity of the German assaults to reports of incidents in Kalmar and at the We Are Sthlm festival in August 2015. Wierup was critical of the absence of media attention and posed questions on the reasons for the lack of attention and what it meant for the safety of women in public spaces. Dagens Nyeter received a tip about the event, but failed to get it verified. The following day, *Dagens Nyheter* published an article criticizing the Stockholm police for withholding the information in their media communication, and pointed to something as the reason for not reporting on the assaults.

The story received international attention, partly as it was broken shortly after sexual assaults in various German cities and the Swedish city of Malmö over the New Year. *The Guardian* reported that police and "the media" were alleged to have "deliberately under-report\[ed\]" the assaults in order to not increase anti-immigrant sentiment.

According to one memo, police in 2015 were told to be vigilant of young men sexually assaulting women in the crowd, as the previous year such offences had been committed, mostly by migrants, including Afghans. David Brax, a scholar of hate crimes at the University of Gothenburg, hypothesised that police were concerned there would be revenge attacks against other migrants if the crimes were made public, but also predicted that a cover-up would vindicate the far-right's belief that the media do not report on migrant crime.

National police commissioner Dan Eliasson ordered an internal review with the possibility of disciplinary action or criminal proceedings if police had committed any offences. The Prime Minister of Sweden, Stefan Löfven, said that the women assaulted were victims of a "double betrayal" and promised to respond quickly to address the events.

A 15-year-old boy was arrested on 11 January 2016 on charges of assault and sexual assault against two 14-year-old girls at the summer 2015 festival.

## 2018 festival

After closing the festival earlier and changing order of the acts they managed to get a 90% decrease of the number of incidents.

## Reactions

Sweden's Prime Minister Stefan Löfven harshly criticised the police:

"I feel a very strong anger that young women are not able to go to a music festival without being offended, sexually harassed and attacked... It is a major democratic problem for the whole of our country," he said of the police failure to release timely information of the incidents to the public.

## Allegations of media cover-up

There were accusations of media cover-ups. The Sweden Democrats, a social conservative, anti-immigration party, claimed in January 2016 that *DN* had been made aware of the crimes, but had not reported them because it would have benefited the Sweden Democrats' agenda. In an anonymous interview with Norwegian magazine *Journalisten*, a psychologist claimed to have given DN the tip, strongly criticizing the paper for not reacting. *DN* editor Caspar Opitz has rejected the accusations, claiming that his newspaper investigated the tip seriously but could not confirm it. Answering questions, Opitz wrote that his staff had made multiple attempts to investigate, and had even found that some of the information in the tip (for example, that large numbers of people had been arrested) was not true. He further stated that the scarcity of leads meant that not even alternative media had covered the story.


title: Weber La Segunda Ladies Power Team

abstract: Weber La Segunda Ladies Power Team is a professional women's cycling team, based in Argentina, which competed in elite road bicycle racing events such as the UCI Women's Road World Cup. In 2018 the team dropped from UCI status down to National level.

text:
# Weber La Segunda Ladies Power Team

**Weber La Segunda Ladies Power Team** (UCI code SLP) is a professional women's cycling team, based in Argentina, which competed in elite road bicycle racing events such as the UCI Women's Road World Cup. In 2018 the team dropped from UCI status down to National level.

## Major wins

2016  Youth classification Tour Femenino de San Luis, Aranza Valentina Villalon Sánchez 2017 1st Overall Tour Internacional Femenino de Uruguay, Marlies Mejías Garcia 1st Stages 1, 2 & 4, Marlies Mejías Garcia 1st Overall Vuelta Femenina a San Juan, Marlies Mejías Garcia 1st Stages 1, 2, 3 (ITT) & 4, Marlies Mejías Garcia 1st Wilmington Grand Prix, Marlies Mejías Garcia 1st Overall The Armed Forces Cycling Classic, Marlies Mejías Garcia 1st Stage 1, Marlies Mejías Garcia 1st Stages 4 & 6 North Star Grand Prix, Marlies Mejías Garcia 1st Stage 9 Tour of America's Dairyland, Marlies Mejías Garcia 1st Overall Intelligentsia Cup, Marlies Mejías Garcia 1st Stages 1, 2, 6, 7, 9 & 10, Marlies Mejías Garcia 1st Overall Vuelta Antioquia Femenina, Rocio Parrado Guarnizo 2018 Overall Gran Premio Ciudad de Rio Tercero, Maribel Aguirre Stages 1 & 2, Maribel Aguirre Gran Premio Campagnolo, Mariela Analia Delgado Stage 2 Clasica Esteban Chaves, Jessenia Meneses Stage 1 Johnson City Omnium, Rocio Parrado

## Regional & National champions

2016  Chile Time Trial, Aranza Valentina Villalon Sánchez 2017  Argentina Junior Time Trial, Maribel Aguirre  Chile Time Trial, Aranza Valentina Villalon Sánchez  Juegos Bolivarianos Time Trial, Aranza Valentina Villalon Sánchez  Juegos Bolivarianos Track (Team pursuit), Camila Valbuena 2018  Argentina Road Race, Maribel Aguirre 2019  Argentina Track (Individual pursuit), Antonella Leonardi 2021  Argentina Junior Time Trial, Eliana Tocha  Argentina Junior Road Race, Eliana Tocha  Argentina Road Race, Maria Fadiga

## Team roster

| Rider Date of birth  Micaela Barroso (ARG)  (1997-02-11) 11 February 1997  María Mercedes Fadiga (ARG)  (1987-12-18) 18 December 1987  Cristina Irma Greve (ARG)  (1987-07-20) 20 July 1987  Marlies Mejías Garcia (CUB)  (1992-12-29) 29 December 1992  Jessenia Alejandora Meneses Gonzalez (COL)  (1995-06-18) 18 June 1995 |  | Rider Date of birth  Rocio Parrado Guarnizo (COL)  (1982-11-29) 29 November 1982  Caterin Elisabeth Previley (ARG)  (1991-12-20) 20 December 1991  Camila Andrea Valbuena Roa (COL)  (1997-02-18) 18 February 1997  Aranza Valentina Villalón Sanchez (CHI)  (1995-06-16) 16 June 1995  Anabel Yapura (ARG)  (1998-05-06) 6 May 1998 |
| --- | --- | --- |

## InfoBox

Weber La Segunda Ladies Power Team
| Team information | |
| --- | --- |
| UCI code | SLP |
| Registered | Argentina |
| Founded | 2015 (2015) |
| Discipline(s) | Road |
| Status | UCI Women's Team (2015–2017)
National (2018–) |
| Key personnel | |
| General manager | Esteban Weimberg |
| Team manager(s) | Carlos Botasso |
| Team name history | |
| 2015
2016–2018
2018– | Itau Shimano Ladies Power Team
Weber–Shimano Ladies Power
Weber La Segunda Ladies Power Team |


title: Wedding cake topper

abstract: A wedding cake topper is a small model that sits on top of a wedding cake, normally a representation of the couple in formal wedding attire.

text:
# Wedding cake topper

A **wedding cake topper** is a small model that sits on top of a wedding cake, normally a representation of the couple in formal wedding attire.

## History

The wedding cake topper was dominant in United States weddings in the 1950s where it represented togetherness. Today, these decorative figurines are often part of the couple's decorative theme or wedding reception style.

While traditionally the bride and groom were in formal attire, with the bride in a white wedding dress, complete with veil, and the groom in black morning dress, today there are many more designs available. There are specific ones for the style and theme of the wedding, for instance, traditional toppers for a formal wedding, and for less formal ones, there are comical wedding cake toppers or ones depending on the couple's hobbies.

In recent times, wedding cake toppers have reflected the growing diversity in marriages. Multi-ethnic wedding toppers are now available, as are same-sex wedding toppers.