abstract: Visa requirements for South African citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of the Republic of South Africa. As of 2024, South African citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 106 countries and territories, ranking the South African passport 47th in the world according to the Henley Passport Index. Where visa-free access is permitted, such access is not necessarily a right, and admission is at the discretion of border enforcement officers. Visitors engaging in activities other than tourism, including unpaid work, may require a visa or work permit. It does not provide for where certain people under the assumption remained British Subjects without Citizenship, then later became British Overseas Citizens or British Subjects in 1983, there are different requirements. See Visa requirements for British Overseas citizens or South African nationality law.

text:
# Visa requirements for South African citizens

**Visa requirements for South African citizens** are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of the Republic of South Africa.

As of 2024, South African citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 106 countries and territories, ranking the South African passport 47th in the world according to the Henley Passport Index.

Where visa-free access is permitted, such access is not necessarily a right, and admission is at the discretion of border enforcement officers. Visitors engaging in activities other than tourism, including unpaid work, may require a visa or work permit.

It does not provide for where certain people under the assumption remained British Subjects without Citizenship, then later became British Overseas Citizens or British Subjects in 1983, there are different requirements. See Visa requirements for British Overseas citizens or South African nationality law.

## Visa requirements map

## Visa requirements

This list provides for the period of stay under "Allowed Stay" generally for short stay activities where a Visa is not required in sovereign states.

| Country | Visa requirement | Allowed stay | Notes (excluding departure fees) | Reciprocity |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Afghanistan | Visa required |  |  |  |
| Albania | eVisa |  | * Holders of a valid, multiple entry and previously used visa issued by a Schengen area country, United States, or the United Kingdom can enter Albania without a visa for 90 days. |  |
| Algeria | Visa required |  |  |  |
| Andorra | Visa required |  | * Andorra has no visa regime, but is only accessible through France and Spain. Multiple Entry Schengen Visa required. |  |
| Angola | Visa not required | 90 days |  | No |
| Antigua and Barbuda | Visa not required | 6 months |  | Yes |
| Argentina | Visa not required | 90 days |  | Yes |
| Armenia | eVisa / Visa on arrival | 120 days |  | No |
| Australia and territories | Visa required |  | * May apply online (Online Visitor e600 visa). * Transit visa is not required. * Biometric Collection is mandatory upon request for the Online Visitor e600 Visa. * Visas can be issued within a matter of seconds depending on the length of queue once all the appropriate information is provided including Biometrics. * Departing Passengers may use SmartGate for a faster entry into the passenger area, this is not applicable to arriving passengers for entry into Australia. |  |
| Austria | Visa required |  |  |  |
| Azerbaijan | eVisa | 30 days |  | No |
| Bahamas | Visa not required | 3 months |  | Yes |
| Bahrain | eVisa / Visa on arrival | 14 days |  | No |
| Bangladesh | Visa required |  |  |  |
| Barbados | Visa not required | 6 months |  | Yes |
| Belarus | Visa required |  |  |  |
| Belgium | Visa required |  |  |  |
| Belize | Visa not required |  |  | Yes |
| Benin | Visa not required | 90 Days |  | Yes |
| Bhutan | eVisa |  |  |  |
| Bolivia | Online Visa / Visa on arrival | 90 days |  | Yes |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | Visa required |  | * Valid multiple entry visa holders and residents of the European Union, Schengen Area member states, and United States of America can enter Bosnia and Herzegovina without a visa for a maximum stay of 30 days. |  |
| Botswana | Visa not required | 90 days |  | Yes |
| Brazil | Visa not required | 90 days |  | Yes |
| Brunei | Visa required |  |  |  |
| Bulgaria | Visa required |  |  |  |
| Burkina Faso | eVisa |  |  |  |
| Burundi | Visa on arrival | 1 month |  |  |
| Cambodia | eVisa / Visa on arrival | 30 days |  | No |
| Cameroon | eVisa |  |  |  |
| Canada | Visa required |  |  |  |
| Cape Verde | Visa on arrival |  |  | Yes |
| Central African Republic | Visa required |  |  |  |
| Chad | Visa required |  |  |  |
| Chile | Visa not required | 90 days |  | Yes |
| China | Visa required |  | * 24-hour visa-free transit through any international airports of China, allows domestic travel through different airports. * 5 day Schengen Visa available at the Shenzhen border if travelling from Hong Kong or Macao. Visa holders must stay within the Shenzhen City and surrounds, not travel to other cities and leave at the end of the 5 day permission. Travelling to Guangzhou would be in violation of the conditions. |  |
| Colombia | Online Visa |  | * Transit visa is not required. |  |
| Comoros | Visa on arrival | 45 days |  | No |
| Republic of the Congo | Visa required |  |  |  |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | eVisa | 7 days |  |  |
| Costa Rica | Visa not required | 90 days |  | Yes |
| Côte d'Ivoire | eVisa | 3 months |  | No |
| Croatia | Visa required |  |  |  |
| Cuba | eVisa | 90 days | * Can be extended up to 90 days with a fee. |  |
| Cyprus | Visa required |  | * Holders of a visa or residence permit issued by a Schengen state or Monaco may also travel to Cyprus, without an additional visa, for a stay of up to 90 days in any 180-day period or until visa expiry date (whichever is shorter) |  |
| Czech Republic | Visa required |  |  |  |
| Denmark | Visa required |  |  |  |
| Djibouti | eVisa | 90 days |  | No |
| Dominica | Visa not required | 6 months |  | No |
| Dominican Republic | Visa not required | 90 days |  | No |
| Ecuador | Visa not required | 90 days |  | Yes |
| Egypt | eVisa | 30 days |  | Yes |
| El Salvador | Visa not required | 90 days |  | No |
| Equatorial Guinea | eVisa |  |  |  |
| Eritrea | Visa required |  |  |  |
| Estonia | Visa required |  |  |  |
| Eswatini | Visa not required | 30 days |  | Yes |
| Ethiopia | eVisa / Visa on arrival | up to 90 days |  | No |
| Fiji | Visa not required | 4 months |  | No |
| Finland | Visa required |  |  |  |
| France | Visa required |  |  |  |
| Gabon | Visa not required | 30 days. |  | Yes |
| Gambia | Visa not required | 90 days | * In addition to a visa, an entry clearance must be obtained from the Gambian Immigration prior to travel. |  |
| Georgia | Visa not required | 1 year |  | No |
| Germany | Visa required |  |  |  |
| Ghana | Visa not required | 90 days |  | Yes |
| Greece | Visa required |  |  |  |
| Grenada | Visa not required | 3 months |  | No |
| Guatemala | Visa not required | 90 days |  | No |
| Guinea | eVisa | 90 days |  | No |
| Guinea-Bissau | Visa on arrival | 90 days |  | No |
| Guyana | Visa not required | 3 months |  | Yes |
| Haiti | Visa not required | 3 months |  | No |
| Honduras | Visa not required | 90 days |  | No |
| Hungary | Visa required |  |  |  |
| Iceland | Visa required |  |  |  |
| India | eVisa | 30 days | * e-Visa holders must arrive via 26 designated airports or 3 designated seaports. * An Indian e-Tourist Visa may only be obtained twice within 1 calendar year. * Foreigners of Pakistani origin or who hold a Pakistani Passport are not eligible for an e-Visa. Foreigners who are not Pakistani nationals, but whose parents or grandparents (either paternal or maternal) were born in, or were permanent residents in Pakistan, are also not eligible for an e-Visa. | Yes |
| Indonesia | e-VOA / Visa on arrival | 30 days |  | No |
| Iran | eVisa | 30 days |  | Yes |
| Iraq | eVisa |  |  |  |
| Ireland | Visa required |  |  | No |
| Israel | Visa not required | 90 days |  | Yes |
| Italy | Visa required |  |  |  |
| Jamaica | Visa not required |  |  | Yes |
| Japan | eVisa | 90 days | * Cash payment required at the consulate in Pretoria or Cape Town. |  |
| Jordan | eVisa / Visa on arrival | 30 days | * Visa can be obtained upon arrival, it will cost a total of 40 JOD, obtainable at most international ports of entry and land border crossings. (except King Hussein/Allenby Bridge) | Yes |
| Kazakhstan | eVisa |  |  |  |
| Kenya | Electronic Travel Authorisation | 90 days | * Applications can be submitted up to 90 days prior to travel and must be submitted at least 3 days in advance. * eTA fee is USD 32.50. * Proof of reservation at the hotel where visitors plan to stay is required (if staying with friends, an invitation letter is also acceptable). * Yellow fever vaccination certificate is required if coming from endemic countries. * eTA issued free of charge for South African Citizens | Yes |
| Kiribati | Visa not required | 90 days | * 90 days within any 12-month period. |  |
| North Korea | Visa required |  |  |  |
| South Korea | Electronic Travel Authorization | 30 days | * The validity period of a K-ETA is 3 years from the date of approval. | Yes |
| Kuwait | Visa required |  | * Holders of residence permit's issued by Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar, Oman and the United Arab Emirates may apply for an eVisa if the main applicant works in a specific profession. Dependents holding residence permits may also obtain an eVisa, on the conditional they will enter Kuwait with the main applicant. |  |
| Kyrgyzstan | eVisa / Visa on arrival | 60 days / 1 month |  | No |
| Laos | eVisa / Visa on arrival | 30 days |  | No |
| Latvia | Visa required |  |  |  |
| Lebanon | Visa required |  |  |  |
| Lesotho | Visa not required | 90 days |  | Yes |
| Liberia | Visa required |  |  |  |
| Libya | eVisa |  |  |  |
| Liechtenstein | Visa required |  |  |  |
| Lithuania | Visa required |  | * Certain travelers who are of Lithuanian Descent (i.e. by the parent, grandparent and great-grandparent) may be issued a long-stay Category D Visa or Permanent Residence valid if the relationship can be proved. |  |
| Luxembourg | Visa required |  |  |  |
| Madagascar | Visa on arrival | 60 days |  | Yes |
| Malawi | Visa not required | 90 days |  | Yes |
| Malaysia | Visa not required | 90 days |  | Yes |
| Maldives | Free visa on arrival | 30 days |  | No |
| Mali | Visa required |  |  |  |
| Malta | Visa required |  |  |  |
| Marshall Islands | Visa on arrival | 90 days |  | No |
| Mauritania | Visa on arrival |  |  | No |
| Mauritius | Visa not required | 180 days | * 180 days for tourism, 120 days for business | Yes |
| Mexico | Visa required |  | * Residents of French overseas departments and territories, Danish territories and Dutch Caribbean territories, permanent residents or valid visa holders of the United Kingdom or countries that comprise the Schengen area, holders of Permanent Resident Cards or valid visas issued by Canada, holders of permanent residence permits issued by Chile, holders of permanent residence permits issued by Colombia, holders of Permanent Residence Card, Permanent Re-entry Permit or valid visas issued by Japan, holders of permanent residence permits issued by Peru and holders of valid US visas or Green Cards - may enter Mexico without a visa for up to 180 days. * Passport holders with less than six months validity may face difficulty when attempting to enter as a Business Visitor/ Tourist as they are usually permitted six months stay which might exceed the passport's validity. |  |
| Micronesia | Visa not required | 30 days |  | No |
| Moldova | Visa required |  | * South African nationals are allowed to visit Moldova without a Moldovan visa if they hold a valid residence permit or a valid multiple entry visa issued by a Schengen member state, the United Kingdom, Ireland or Cyprus. |  |
| Monaco | Visa required |  | * Schengen Visa Required. Monaco is a de facto member of the Schengen Area and there are no formal immigration procedures upon exit and entry. |  |
| Mongolia | eVisa | 30 days |  |  |
| Montenegro | Visa required |  | * Nationals of South Africa may visit Montenegro without a visa for up to 30 days if they hold a passport with visas issued by Ireland, a Schengen Area member state, the United Kingdom or the United States or if they are permanent residents of those countries. Residents of the United Arab Emirates do not require a visa for up to 10 days, if they hold a return ticket, fly directly in and out of Tivat Airport on FlyDubai and hold proof of accommodation. |  |
| Morocco | Visa required |  |  |  |
| Mozambique | Visa not required | 3 months |  | Yes |
| Myanmar | eVisa | 28 days |  | No |
| Namibia | Visa not required | 3 months |  | Yes |
| Nauru | Visa required |  |  |  |
| Nepal | Online Visa / Visa on arrival | 90 days |  | No |
| Netherlands | Visa required |  |  |  |
| New Zealand | Visa required |  | * Holders of an Australian Permanent Resident Visa or Resident Return Visa may be granted a New Zealand Resident Visa on arrival permitting indefinite stay (pursuant to the Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement), subject to meeting character requirements and obtaining an Electronic Travel Authority prior to departure. |  |
| Nicaragua | Visa not required | 90 days |  | No |
| Niger | Visa required |  |  |  |
| Nigeria | eVisa |  |  |  |
| North Macedonia | Visa required |  | * Holders of a valid multiple entry visa or Residence Permit for the Schengen Area may enter North Macedonia for up to 15 days visa free. A temporary residence permit of a Schengen member state is accepted since 27 February 2019. Holders of a valid UK, Canada or USA visa may enter North Macedonia for up to 15 days visa free. |  |
| Norway | Visa required |  |  |  |
| Oman | Visa not required | 14 days | * 30 days eVisa also available | No |
| Pakistan | eVisa | 90 days | * Issued free of charge as of August 2024. | Yes |
| Palau | Free visa on arrival | 30 days |  | No |
| Panama | Visa not required | 90 days |  | Yes |
| Papua New Guinea | eVisa | 30 days |  | No |
| Paraguay | Visa not required | 90 days |  | Yes |
| Peru | Visa not required | 90 days |  | Yes |
| Philippines | Visa not required | 30 days |  | Yes |
| Poland | Visa required |  |  |  |
| Portugal | Visa required |  |  |  |
| Qatar | Visa not required | 30 days | * Available at Hamad International Airport. The Visa Waiver Facility (of 30 days) cannot be facilitated if stay is less than 1 night, a Transit Visa should be applied for instead. Label is put in the passport in addition to a stamp upon arrival after satisfying the entry requirements. * e-Visa, Transit Visa from Qatar Airways (9–96 hours) and ETA are also available. eVisa refers to a Tourist Visa. These three methods are all acceptable alternatives for tourism should the South African passport holder wish not to use the Visa Waiver Facility available upon arrival. * Male travelers who are ordinarily a resident in Qatar require an Exit Visa/ Permit. | Yes |
| Romania | Visa required |  |  |  |
| Russia | Visa not required | 90 days | * 90 days within any 180 day period. | Yes |
| Rwanda | Visa not required | 30 days |  | No |
| Saint Kitts and Nevis | Visa not required | 3 months |  | No |
| Saint Lucia | Visa not required | 6 weeks |  | Yes |
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | Visa not required | 3 month |  | Yes |
| Samoa | Entry Permit on arrival | 60 days |  | No |
| San Marino | Visa required |  | * San Marino has no visa regime, but is only accessible through Italy. Multiple Entry Schengen Visa required. |  |
| São Tomé and Príncipe | eVisa |  |  | Yes |
| Saudi Arabia | eVisa / Visa on arrival | 90 days |  |  |
| Senegal | Visa on arrival | 1 month |  | No |
| Serbia | Visa required |  |  |  |
| Seychelles | Electronic Border System | 3 months | * Application can be submitted up to 30 days before travel. * Visitors must upload a reservation confirmation(s) for each visitor's location of stay in Seychelles. * Yellow fever vaccination certificate is required if coming from endemic countries. * Payment of the fee (EUR 10) by credit or debit card. * Valid for one journey only and it expires once exit the country. | Yes |
| Sierra Leone | eVisa / Visa on arrival | 3 months / 30 days |  | No |
| Singapore | Visa not required | 30 days |  | Yes |
| Slovakia | Visa required |  |  |  |
| Slovenia | Visa required |  |  |  |
| Solomon Islands | Visa required |  |  |  |
| Somalia | Visa on arrival | 30 days |  | No |
| South Sudan | eVisa |  | * Obtainable online. * Printed visa authorization must be presented at the time of travel. | No |
| Spain | Visa required |  |  |  |
| Sri Lanka | eVisa / Visa on arrival | 60 days / 30 days | * The standard visitor visa allows a stay of 60 days within any 6 month period. * Visa fees (for Standard visitor visa): * e-Visa categories will be charged an additional USD 18.50 service fee. * If transiting from any of the Sri Lankan airports, An e-Visa is exempted (2 day transit period). | No |
| Sudan | Visa required |  |  |  |
| Suriname | eVisa |  |  | No |
| Sweden | Visa required |  |  |  |
| Switzerland | Visa required |  |  |  |
| Syria | Visa required |  |  |  |
| Tajikistan | eVisa / visa on arrival | 60 days / 45 days | * e-Visa holders can enter through all border points. | No |
| Tanzania | Visa not required | 90 days |  | Yes |
| Thailand | Visa not required | 60 days | * Extendable by 30 days at any Immigration Office within Thailand. | Yes |
| Timor-Leste | Visa on arrival | 30 days |  | No |
| Togo | Visa not required |  | * Information from the Togo Embassy in the United Kingdom that is not found in the IATA database which states that visa is obtainable on arrival. | No |
| Tonga | Visa required |  |  |  |
| Trinidad and Tobago | Visa not required | 90 days |  | Yes |
| Tunisia | Visa not required | 3 months |  | Yes |
| Turkey | eVisa | 30 days |  | Yes |
| Turkmenistan | Visa required |  |  |  |
| Tuvalu | Visa on arrival | 1 month |  | No |
| Uganda | eVisa | 3 months |  | Yes |
| Ukraine | Visa required |  | * e-Visa (30 days) is currently suspended. | No |
| United Arab Emirates | Visa required |  | * May apply using 'Smart service'. * Visa not required in advance if in possession of the Right of Abode in the United Kingdom with a Certificate of Entitlement in Commonwealth passport, may enter the Emirate of Dubai in the same way as a British Citizen. |  |
| United Kingdom and Crown dependencies | Visa required |  | * Right of Abode holders with a Certificate of Entitlement in their Commonwealth passport may enter the United Kingdom and remain indefinitely. * Temporary Visa holders can only enter for 3 months if entering from the Republic of Ireland (Eire). * The Crown dependencies include the Bailiwicks of Jersey and Guernsey as well as the Isle of Man. The same Visa Policy applies mainly to the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar, therefore a United Kingdom Visa can be used. * Transit Visa Required unless in possession of an exemption document; Australian, New Zealand and all other Visas with confirmation slips/ electronically granted Visas with a paper print-out as confirmation are not permitted as an exemption document unless endorsed by the airline. Note: Schengen Visa type "C" is not an approved exemption document. Entry must be refused or denied boarding on vessel. Direct Airside or Transit Visa required depending on type of transit. * Entering the United Kingdom (including Northern Ireland) by land, sea or air from the Republic of Ireland is not permitted unless in possession of a valid U.K. Visa or Immigration Document. UK Land or Transit Visa cannot be used to transit the UK from Ireland or from Ireland to the UK, a Standard Visa is required. |  |
| United States | Visa required |  | * Holders of a B1 / B2 (B) Visa, Permanent Resident Card, D Visa who have entered the United States at least once since 2008 may use the Automated Passport Control (APC) Kiosk for faster processing at selected airports, before proceeding to a US Customs and Border Protection officer for finalization of entry into the United States. * Available locations include some United States border preclearance facilities as well. |  |
| Uruguay | Visa not required | 90 days |  | Yes |
| Uzbekistan | Visa required |  | * 5-day visa-free transit at the international airports if holding a confirmed onward ticket for a flight to a third country. |  |
| Vanuatu | Visa not required | 30 days |  | No |
| Vatican City | Visa required |  | * Schengen Visa Required. Entry can be made from Italy exclusively. Vatican City is a de facto member of the Schengen Area and there are no formal immigration procedures upon entry and exit. |  |
| Venezuela | Visa not required | 90 days |  | Yes |
| Vietnam | eVisa | 90 days |  |  |
| Yemen | Visa required |  |  |  |
| Zambia | Visa not required | 90 days |  | Yes |
| Zimbabwe | Visa not required | 3 months |  | Yes |

## Dependent, disputed, or restricted territories

### Unrecognised or partially recognised countries

| Territory | Conditions of access | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Abkhazia | Visa required |  |
| Kosovo | Visa not required | 90 days |
| Northern Cyprus | Visa not required | 3 months |
| Palestine | Visa not required | Arrival by sea to Gaza Strip not allowed. |
| Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic |  | Undefined visa regime in the Western Sahara controlled territory. |
| Somaliland | Visa on arrival | 30 days for 30 US dollars, payable on arrival. |
| South Ossetia | Visa not required | Multiple entry visa to Russia and three day prior notification are required to enter South Ossetia. |
| Taiwan | Visa required |  |
| Transnistria | Visa not required | Registration required after 24h. |

### Dependent and autonomous territories

| Territory | Conditions of access | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- |
| China | | |
| Hong Kong | Visa not required | 30 days. Landing slip with stay conditions issued upon arrival in place of entry stamp. This is not a permit, however it is used to classify South African citizens as being visa exempted. |
| Macau | Visa not required | 30 days |
| Denmark | | |
| Faroe Islands | Visa required |  |
| Greenland | Visa required |  |
| France | | |
| French Guiana | Visa required |  |
| French Polynesia | Visa required |  |
| French West Indies | Visa required | Includes overseas departments of Guadeloupe and Martinique and overseas collectivities of Saint Barthélemy and Saint Martin. |
| Mayotte | Visa required |  |
| New Caledonia | Visa required |  |
| Réunion | Visa not required | 3 months. Travel to mainland France is prohibited unless in possession of a Valid Schengen Visa, Identity and Visa checks are conducted between Reunion and mainland France/ EU or EEA countries and Switzerland. |
| Saint Pierre and Miquelon | Visa required |  |
| Wallis and Futuna | Visa required |  |
| Netherlands | | |
| Aruba | Visa required |  |
| Caribbean Netherlands | Visa required | Includes Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba. |
| Curaçao | Visa required |  |
| Sint Maarten | Visa required |  |
| New Zealand | | |
| Cook Islands | Visa not required | 31 days |
| Niue | Visa not required | 30 days |
| Tokelau | Visa required |  |
| United Kingdom | | |
| Akrotiri and Dhekelia | Visa required |  |
| Anguilla | eVisa | You do NOT need to apply for a visa if: You have a valid visa to enter the UK, US or Canada. A valid UK, US or Canada visa can be used to enter Anguilla. |
| Bermuda | Visa required | Visa not required for holders of Canadian, US or UK multiple-entry visa valid for at least 45 days beyond the period of intended stay in Bermuda for a maximum stay of 3 months |
| British Indian Ocean Territory | Special permit required | Special permit required. |
| British Virgin Islands | Visa not required | 30 days, extensions possible |
| Cayman Islands | Visa not required | 6 months |
| Falkland Islands | Visa not required |  |
| Gibraltar | Visa required | Gibraltar is the only British Overseas Territory which falls under the UK's Visa Policy. UK Visa Required for Entry. |
| Montserrat | Visa not required | 6 months |
| Pitcairn Islands | Visa not required | 14 days visa free and landing fee US$35 or tax of US$5 if not going ashore. |
| Ascension Island | eVisa | 3 months within any year period |
| Saint Helena | Visitor's Pass required | Visitor's Pass granted on arrival valid for 4/10/21/60/90 days for 12/14/16/20/25 pound sterling. |
| Tristan da Cunha | Permission required | Permission to land required for 15/30 pounds sterling (yacht/ship passenger) for Tristan da Cunha Island or 20 pounds sterling for Gough Island, Inaccessible Island or Nightingale Islands. |
| South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands | Permit required | Pre-arrival permit from the Commissioner required (72 hours/1 month for 110/160 pounds sterling). |
| Turks and Caicos Islands | Visa not required | 90 days |
| United States | | |
| American Samoa | Visa required |  |
| Guam | Visa required |  |
| Northern Mariana Islands | Visa required |  |
| Puerto Rico | Visa required | US visa is required to visit Puerto Rico |
| U.S. Virgin Islands | Visa required |  |
| Antarctica and adjacent islands | | |
| Special permits required for  Bouvet Island,  British Antarctic Territory,  French Southern and Antarctic Lands,  Argentine Antarctica,  Australian Antarctic Territory,  Chilean Antarctic Territory,  Heard Island and McDonald Islands,  Peter I Island,  Queen Maud Land,  Ross Dependency. | | |

### Other territories

| Territory | Conditions of access | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Belarus<br>Belovezhskaya Pushcha National Park | Visa not required | 3 days; must first obtain an electronic pass |
| China<br>Hainan | Visa on arrival | 15 days. Available at Haikou Meilan International Airport and Sanya Phoenix International Airport.<br>Visa not required for 15 days for traveling as part of a tourist group (5 or more people) |
| China<br>Tibet Autonomous Region | TTP required | Tibet Travel Permit required (10 US Dollars). |
| Crimea | Visa required | Visa issued by Russia is required. |
| Ecuador<br>Galápagos | Pre-registration required | Online pre-registration is required. Transit Control Card must also be obtained at the airport prior to departure. |
| Eritrea outside Asmara | Travel permit required | To travel in the rest of the country, a Travel Permit for Foreigners is required (20 Eritrean nakfa). |
| Greece<br>Mount Athos | Special permit required | Special permit required (4 days: 25 euro for Orthodox visitors, 35 euro for non-Orthodox visitors, 18 euro for students). There is a visitors' quota: maximum 100 Orthodox and 10 non-Orthodox per day and women are not allowed. |
| India PAP/RAP | PAP/RAP required | Protected Area Permit (PAP) required for whole states of Nagaland and Sikkim and parts of states Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh, Uttaranchal, Jammu and Kashmir, Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh.<br>Restricted Area Permit (RAP) required for all of Andaman and Nicobar Islands and parts of Sikkim. Some of these requirements are occasionally lifted for a year. |
| Iran<br>Kish Island | Visa not required | Visitors to Kish Island do not require a visa. |
| Iraqi Kurdistan | Visa required |  |
| Fiji<br>Lau Province | Special permission required | Special permission required. |
| France<br>Clipperton Island | Special permit required | Special permit required. |
| Kazakhstan | Special permission required | Special permission required for the town of Baikonur and surrounding areas in Kyzylorda Oblast, and the town of Gvardeyskiy near Almaty. |
| North Korea outside Pyongyang | Special permit required | People are not allowed to leave the capital city, tourists can only leave the capital with a governmental tourist guide (no independent moving) |
| Malaysia Sabah and Sarawak | Visa not required | These states have their own immigration authorities and passport is required to travel to them, however the same visa applies. |
| Maldives outside Malé | Permission required | With the exception of the capital Malé, tourists are generally prohibited from visiting non-resort islands without the express permission of the Government of Maldives. |
| Norway<br>Jan Mayen | Permit required | Permit issued by the local police required for staying for less than 24 hours and permit issued by the Norwegian police for staying for more than 24 hours. |
| Norway  Svalbard | Visa not required | * Unlimited Stay. * Transit Visa not required when transiting Oslo,  Norway to get to Svalbard Airport, Longyear, Svalbard. |
| Novorossiya | Restricted area | Crossing from Ukraine requires visit purpose to be explained to Ukrainian passport control on exit and those who entered from Russia are not allowed to proceed further into Ukraine. |
| Russia | Special authorization required | Several closed cities and regions in Russia require special authorization. |
| Sudan outside Khartoum | Travel permit required | All foreigners traveling more than 25 kilometers outside of Khartoum must obtain a travel permit. |
| Sudan<br>Darfur | Travel permit required | Separate travel permit is required. |
| Tajikistan<br>Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province | OIVR permit required | OIVR permit required (15+5 Tajikistani Somoni) and another special permit (free of charge) is required for Lake Sarez. |
| UN Buffer Zone in Cyprus | Access Permit required | Access Permit is required for travelling inside the zone, except Civil Use Areas. |
| Korean Demilitarized Zone | Restricted zone. |  |
| UNDOF Zone and Ghajar | Restricted zone. |  |
| United States Minor Outlying Islands | Special permits required | Special permits required for Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Atoll, Palmyra Atoll and Wake Island. |
| Venezuela<br>Margarita Island | Visa not required | All visitors are fingerprinted. |
| Vietnam<br>Phú Quốc | Visa not required | 30 days |
| Yemen outside Sana’a or Aden | Special permission required | Special permission needed for travel outside Sana’a or Aden. |

## Changes in Visa Requirements for South African Citizens

**List of Changes**

| Visa Requirements Abolished/ Imposed (agreement conferred) | Abolished | Imposed | Date of Effect | Reciprocity (at time of agreement and subsequent implementation) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Canada |  | Yes | 1969-1972 | No |
| Switzerland (12 Dec 2008) |  | Yes | 12 Dec 2008 | No |
|
| United Kingdom (July 2009) |  | Yes | July 2009 | No |
| Colombia (September 2016) |  | Yes |  | Yes |
| New Zealand (November 2016) |  | Yes | 21 November 2016 | No |
| Russia (April 2017) | Yes |  | 1 April 2017 | Yes |
| Qatar (June–August 2017) | Yes |  |  | Yes |
| Angola (November 2017) | Yes |  | 1 December 2017 | Yes |  |
| Egypt (November 2019) | Simplified (E-visa) |  | November 2019 | No |  |
| Ireland (Republic of) |  | Yes | July 2024 | No |

## Visa exemptions

In some instances, a Visa Exemption permits entry in lieu of obtaining a Visa/ Entry Visa if in possession of the following Visas or Permanent Relationships, this is not limited to entitlements or provisions laid down by the country's law, for instance, right to enter without prior authority due to background such as in the case of former Indian Citizens:

This list does not include the ability of a Visa Document Exemption/ Substitute for a Visa Application, for instance a US Visa as an exemption document for the issue of a Qatari e-Visa.

### Summary of Visa Exemptions

| Country of Issue where document can be used as an Exemption for entry | for entry to | Visa or Residence Permit | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| United States | Albania Bosnia and Herzegovina  Bermuda of the  United Kingdom  Mexico  Montenegro  North Macedonia  São Tomé and Príncipe  Serbia | Both |  |
| Canada | Bermuda of the  United Kingdom Mexico | Both |  |
| United Kingdom | Canada \# New Zealand \#  United Arab Emirates \#  United Kingdom: +Indefinitely #  Bermuda of the  United Kingdom # | \# Holders of the Right of Abode |  |
| United Kingdom | Bermuda of the  United Kingdom | Both Indefinite and Temporary Visas |  |
| Australia | New Zealand | Australian Permanent Residence |  |

### List of Visa Exemptions

North America

United States of America - South African Citizens in possession of a valid United States **Multiple Entry** Visa in their passport may enter the following country(ies) visa-free for the time indicated beside, this also includes the countries consisting of the former Yugoslavia:

Canada - South African Citizens in possession of a valid Canadian **Multiple Entry** Visa in their passport may enter the following country(ies) visa-free for the time indicated adjacent:

British Isles

United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland.

Right of Abode in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland - South African Citizens who are in possession of a **Valid Certificate of Entitlement** substantiating their claim to the **Right of Abode** in the United Kingdom in their South African passport (**as either a British National or South African / Commonwealth Citizen**) may enter the following Commonwealth Realms / countries for the same period for as a South African Citizen who would usually a Visa but without the **Right of Abode** in the United Kingdom (+except the United Kingdom as right to reside is automatic):

South African citizens in possession of Leave to Remain or Enter holders(whether permanent or temporary) / Ireland Biometric Visa or Permanent Residency holders:

Holder's of a United Kingdom Visa May enter:

Bermuda of the  United Kingdom \- 3 months (if arriving or transiting from the United Kingdom).

Australia

Permanent Residence in the Commonwealth of Australia - South African Citizens with any type of a **Valid Australian Permanent Resident Visa** electronically granted or as a label still valid may enter the following country:

* New Zealand \- **Indefinite**. Note: may apply for Permanent Residency in New Zealand after satisfying two years residence with an Australian Resident Visa in New Zealand. Australian Resident Visa is a New Zealand (Indefinite) Visa which is granted at the New Zealand border to Australian Permanent Residents in the form of an entry stamp, if the holder leaves New Zealand the Visa would therefore end and the time spent would not count towards satisfying the Two Year Residence requirement in order to become a New Zealand Permanent Resident (2 years) or a Citizen (5 years). Australian Resident Visa is the name of the Visa given to Australian Permanent Residents or Australian Citizens upon arrival in New Zealand.

Holder's must also consider that they will be able to return to Australia as a Permanent Resident should the expiry of their travel facility on their Australian Permanent Residence occur whilst they are in New Zealand. The Australian Resident Visa granted in New Zealand is indefinite if in New Zealand, however expires when leaving.

As of 1 October 2019, Australian Permanent Residents need to apply for a New Zealand Electronic Travel Authority (NZeTA) if they wish to enter New Zealand. The ETA is valid for 2 years however there is no time limit on the length of stay, this is just the time the holder must enter within. The cost is NZD 9 on the mobile app and NZD 12 on the internet per traveller and takes about 5 minutes to complete. The aim is to preauthorise travel to New Zealand. Once the Australian Permanent Resident arrives, they will be granted a New Zealand Visa for Australian Residents (Australian Resident Visa) subject to satisfying character requirements. It is very important to consider three things: Validity of Australian Permanent Residence in order to return to Australia or New Zealand, Validity of NZeTA and leaving New Zealand. Leaving New Zealand will terminate the New Zealand Visa for Australian Resident, if the Australian Permanent Resident Visa is not Valid then they will not be able to return to New Zealand or Australia. There are no other costs involved. Australian Resident Visa

European Union

European Union Family Member - **South African Citizens who are travelling with or joining their EU family members in the European Union in a Country *other than where their family member is a citizen of* does not require a Visa to enter** and enjoy the same entry rights and stay, however this would be difficult to prove and as a result, entry could be refused. Visa should be applied for in advance which is usually with no or minimal requirements to meet if the applicant is a family member of an EU Citizen. For instance, a person who wants to travel with their spouse to France where their spouse is a Citizen of the Republic of Lithuania should apply for a Schengen Visa in advance or where a person wants to join their Lithuanian spouse who resides in France should also apply for a Schengen Visa in order to prove their right and avoid misconception. In most cases, airlines will not permit travel without a visa. There is no time limit a family member can stay (indefinite stay), they must just enter before the Visa expires if joining their family or travelling at the same time. There are no costs involved either. European Union citizens and their South African family members will need to apply for settled or pre-settled status if they wish continue residing in the UK after 31 December 2020. Settled Status can be granted when the applicant has resided in the UK for 5 years and is valid indefinitely. In order to maintain settled status, people must visit the UK every 5 years. Pre-Settled status is granted when the applicant has resided in the UK for less than 5 years and is valid for 5 years. In order to maintain pre-settled status, people must visit the UK every two years. However, applicants would have to meet continuous residence until they reach 5 years if they want to qualify for settled status after 31 December 2020. It will not be possible to be granted another pre-settled Visa.

Schengen Visa (Long Stay) - Holder's of a Valid Long Stay Category D Visa who arrive in the Schengen European country of their Visa and apply for a Residence Card shortly after arriving will be able to use their EU residence permit/ card for travel within the Schengen States, if granted.

## Non-visa restrictions

Many countries have **entry restrictions on foreigners** that go beyond the common requirement of having either a valid visa or a visa exemption. Such restrictions may be health related or impose additional documentation requirements on certain classes of people for diplomatic or political purposes.

### Blank passport pages

Many countries require a minimum number of blank pages to be available in the passport being presented, typically one or two pages. Endorsement pages, which often appear after the visa pages, are not counted as being valid or available.

### Vaccination

Many African countries, including Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo, South Sudan, Uganda, and Zambia, require *all* incoming passengers older than nine months to one year to have a current International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, as does the South American territory of French Guiana.

Some other countries require vaccination only if the passenger is coming from an infected area or has visited one recently or has transited for 12 hours in those countries: Algeria, Botswana, Cabo Verde, Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Lesotho, Libya, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tunisia, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe.

### Passport validity length

Very few countries, such as Paraguay, just require a valid passport on arrival.

However many countries and groupings now require only an identity card – especially from their neighbours. Other countries may have special bilateral arrangements that depart from the generality of their passport validity length policies to shorten the period of passport validity required for each other's citizens or even accept passports that have already expired (but *not* been cancelled).

Some countries, such as Japan, Ireland and the United Kingdom, require a passport valid throughout the period of the intended stay.

In the absence of specific bilateral agreements, countries requiring passports to be valid for at least 6 more months on arrival include Afghanistan, Algeria, Anguilla, Bahrain, Bhutan, Botswana, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Curaçao, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Guinea Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Laos, Madagascar, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Mongolia, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Oman, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Qatar, Rwanda, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tokelau, Tonga, Turkey, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Vanuatu, Venezuela, and Vietnam.

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 4 months on arrival include Micronesia and Zambia.

Countries requiring passports with a validity of at least 3 months beyond the date of intended departure include Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Honduras, Montenegro, Nauru, Moldova and New Zealand. Similarly, the EEA countries of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, all European Union countries (except Ireland) together with Switzerland also require 3 months validity beyond the date of the bearer's intended departure unless the bearer is an EEA or Swiss national.

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 3 months on arrival include Albania, North Macedonia, Panama, and Senegal.

Bermuda requires passports to be valid for at least 45 days upon entry.

Countries that require a passport validity of at least one month beyond the date of intended departure include Eritrea, Hong Kong, Lebanon, Macau, the Maldives and South Africa.

### Criminal record

Some countries, including Australia, Canada, Fiji, New Zealand and the United States, routinely deny entry to non-citizens who have a criminal record, while others impose restrictions depending on the type of conviction and the length of the sentence.

### *Persona non grata*

The government of a country can declare a diplomat *persona non grata*, banning them from entering the country or expelling them if they have already entered. In non-diplomatic use, the authorities of a country may also declare a foreigner *persona non grata* permanently or temporarily, usually because of unlawful activity.

### Israeli stamps

Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Syria, and Yemen do not allow entry to people with passport stamps from Israel or whose passports have either a used or an unused Israeli visa, or where there is evidence of previous travel to Israel such as entry or exit stamps from neighbouring border posts in transit countries such as Jordan and Egypt.

To circumvent this Arab League boycott of Israel, the Israeli immigration services have now mostly ceased to stamp foreign nationals' passports on either entry to or exit from Israel (unless the entry is for some work-related purposes). Since 15 January 2013, Israel no longer stamps foreign passports at Ben Gurion Airport. Passports are still (as of 22 June 2017) stamped at Erez when passing into and out of Gaza.

Iran refuses admission to holders of passports containing an Israeli visa or stamp that is less than 12 months old.

### Biometrics

Several countries mandate that all travellers, or all foreign travellers, be fingerprinted on arrival and will refuse admission to or even arrest travellers who refuse to comply. In some countries, such as the United States, this may apply even to transit passengers who merely wish to change planes rather than go landside.

Fingerprinting countries/regions include Afghanistan, Argentina, Brunei, Cambodia, China, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, India, Japan, Kenya (both fingerprints and a photo are taken), Malaysia upon entry and departure, Mongolia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, Uganda, the United Arab Emirates and the United States.

Many countries also require a photo be taken of people entering the country. The United States, which does not fully implement exit control formalities at its land frontiers (although long mandated by its own legislation), intends to implement facial recognition for passengers departing from international airports to identify people who overstay their visa.

Together with fingerprint and face recognition, iris scanning is one of three biometric identification technologies internationally standardised since 2006 by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) for use in e-passports and the United Arab Emirates conducts iris scanning on visitors who need to apply for a visa.

## Consular protection of South African citizens abroad

1. Custom procedure for 24-hour visa-free transit is required in principle, except in Beijing (both Capital and Daxing), Shanghai Pudong, Hangzhou, Xiamen, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Chengdu Tianfu and Xi'an if no leaving of international transit areas.
2.
3.
4. * Panghok - Taichang (Vietnam)
    * Lantui - Baka (China)
    * Meuang mom - Wan Pong (Myanmar)
    * Tanalaeng Dry Port - Nongkai (Thailand)
    * Nonghaed - Nam kanh (Vietnam)
    * Pakxan - Bungkan (Thailand)
    * Nam phao - Cau treo (Vietnam)
    * Na pao - Cha lo (Vietnam)
    * Nam ngeun - Huay konl (Thailand)
    * Namheuang - Nakaseng (Thailand)
    * Phoudou (Thailand)
    * Nam soy - Na meo (Vietnam)
    * Phoukeua - Kontoum (Vietnam)
    * Lalai (Vietnam)
    * Pangmone - Phayao (Thailand)
    * Daktaock - Nam Giang (Vietnam)
    * Savannakhet Airport
5. * Vientiane
    * Savannakhet
    * Bokeo
6. * Vientiane
    * Savannakhet
    * Khammouane
    * Bokeo
7. * Samliemkham (Thailand and Myanmar)
    * Tanalaeng - Nongkai (Thailand)
    * Daensavan - Lao bao (Vietnam)
    * Veunkham - Nong nok khian (Cambodia)
    * Vang tao - Chongmek (Thailand)
    * Boten - Bo han (China)


title: NS-Frauen-Warte

abstract: The NS-Frauen-Warte was the Nazi magazine for women. Put out by the NS-Frauenschaft, it had the status of the only party approved magazine for women and served propaganda purposes, particularly supporting the role of housewife and mother as exemplary.

text:
# NS-Frauen-Warte

The ***NS-Frauen-Warte*** ("National Socialist Women's Monitor") was the Nazi magazine for women. Put out by the NS-Frauenschaft, it had the status of the only party approved magazine for women and served propaganda purposes, particularly supporting the role of housewife and mother as exemplary.

## History and profile

*NS-Frauen-Warte* was first published in 1934. The magazine was published biweekly and had articles on a wide range of topics of interest to women and included sewing patterns.

Its articles included such topics as the role of women in the Nazi state, Germanization efforts in Poland, the education of youth, the importance of play for children, claims that the United Kingdom was responsible for the Second World War, and that Bolshevism would destroy Germany and Europe if the Soviet Union was not defeated. It defended anti-intellectualism, highlighted the achievements of Nazi women and how the system had benefited females, and discussed bridal schools. Poetry describing children as a form of immortality. During wartime it urged women to have children, to join in the war effort either in employment or in *Frauenschaft* from the very beginning, and to greater efforts in total war. Its April 1940 cover showed a peasant woman plowing before a factory, with a soldier's face looming overhead. It depicted accounts of women as nurses during the war, although chiefly as a vehicle for anti-Bolshevist propaganda.

It was predominantly a woman's magazine despite containing propaganda; this contrasts sharply with *Das deutsche Mädel*, which lay emphasis on the strong and active German woman. The 1939 circulation of the magazine was 1.9 million copies. The magazine ceased publication in 1945. Japanese propaganda title targeting women, *Nippon Fujin*, had close similarities with the magazine.

The University of Heidelberg digitized the issues between 1941 and 1945 of the magazine.

## InfoBox

*NS-Frauen-Warte*
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Categories | Nazi magazine for women |
| Frequency | Biweekly |
| Publisher | NS-Frauenschaft |
| Total circulation<br>(1939) | 1.9 million |
| First issue | 1934 (1934) |
| Final issue | 1945 (1945) |
| Country | Germany |


title: South Eastern Pirkanmaa

abstract: South Eastern Pirkanmaa was a former sub-region of the Pirkanmaa Region and one of the Sub-regions of Finland. The sub-region ceased to exist in 2011 and it included two municipalities upon its dissolution on 1 January 2011, having started with four municipalities.

text:
# South Eastern Pirkanmaa

**South Eastern Pirkanmaa** was a former sub-region of the Pirkanmaa Region and one of the Sub-regions of Finland. The sub-region ceased to exist in 2011 and it included two municipalities upon its dissolution on 1 January 2011, having started with four municipalities.

## Municipalities

| Vaakuna | Kunta |
| --- | --- |
|  | Kuhmalahti |
|  | Pälkäne |
|  | Sahalahti |
|  | Luopioinen |

1. "Työ- ja elinkeinoministeriö - Työ- ja elinkeinoministeriö päätti seutukuntajaon muutoksista". 2015-12-17. Archived from the original on 2015-12-17. Retrieved 2024-01-10.

## InfoBox

| South Eastern Pirkanmaa | |
| --- | --- |
| Former Sub-region | |
|  | |
| Country | Finland |
| Region | Pirkanmaa |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |


title: Leptosteges flavicostella

abstract: Leptosteges flavicostella is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Charles H. Fernald in 1887. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Florida, South Carolina and Georgia. The wingspan is 11–13 mm. Adults are on wing from April to November in Florida.

text:
# Leptosteges flavicostella

***Leptosteges flavicostella*** is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Charles H. Fernald in 1887. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Florida, South Carolina and Georgia.

The wingspan is 11–13 mm. Adults are on wing from April to November in Florida.

## InfoBox

| *Leptosteges flavicostella* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Crambidae |
| Genus: | *Leptosteges* |
| Species: | ***L. flavicostella*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Leptosteges flavicostella***<br>(Fernald, 1887) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Scirpophaga flavicostella* Fernald, 1887 * *Patissa flavicostella* | |


title: 152d Air Operations Group

abstract: The 152d Air Operations Group is a unit of the New York Air National Guard, stationed at Hancock Field Air National Guard Base, Syracuse, New York. If called into active federal service, the group is gained by United States Air Forces Europe (USAFE).

text:
# 152d Air Operations Group

The **152d Air Operations Group** (152 AOG) is a unit of the New York Air National Guard, stationed at Hancock Field Air National Guard Base, Syracuse, New York. If called into active federal service, the group is gained by United States Air Forces Europe (USAFE).

## Mission

The 152d Air Operations Group's primary day-to-day mission is to augment and support the **603d Air Operations Center**, located at Ramstein Air Base, Germany, a part of United States Air Forces Europe (USAFE). The 603d AOC and 152d AOG work together to set up and run an AN/USQ-163 "Falconer" weapons system, for the European and African theater of operations.

**Squadrons in order of importance**

* 152 Air Intelligence Squadron - Commander, Col Robinson Ihle, ---------------------------------------------Superintendent, CMSgt Daniel Lasky

* 152 Air Communication Squadron - Commander, Lt Col Doug Schafer--------------------------------------- Superintendent, CMSgt Brian Matthews

* 152 Combat Operations Squadron - Commander, Lt Col Nicholas "Elroy" Welly-------------------------- Superintendent, CMSgt Toby French

## Components

The Air Operations Center (AOC) is the senior element of the Theater Air Control System. In the event of hostilities, the Joint Force Commander assigns a Joint Forces Air Component Commander (JFACC) to lead the AOC weapon system. Quite often the Commander, Air Force Forces (COMAFFOR) is assigned the JFACC position for planning and executing theater-wide air and space forces. When there is more than one service working in the AOC it is called the Joint Air and Space Operations Center. In cases of Allied or Coalition (multinational) operations, the AOC is called a Combined Air and Space Operations Center.

There are usually five divisions in the AOC. These separate, but distinct, organizations fuse information that eventually becomes the Air Tasking Order. The divisions are the Strategy Division, the Combat Plans Division, the Combat Operations Division, the Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance Division and the Air Mobility Division. The Air Communications Squadron supports all aspects of the mission systems and ensures they have the tools needed to generate the Air Tasking Order and execute Air power.

The AN/USQ-163 Falconer is the weapons systems used by the JFACC and within Air Operations Centers by the United States Air Force combat forces to plan and execute military missions utilizing airborne resources. It is used to generate the Air Tasking Order and execute Air power.

## History

The **152d Air Operations Group** was initially established at Fort Clayton in the Signal Corps during 1939 as the **Signal Aircraft Warning Company, Panama**. In 1942 the company expanded to battalion size. It provided air defense of the Panama Canal Zone until December 1942, when it was inactivated.

The battalion, now the **558th Signal Aircraft Warning Battalion** was activated again in the China Burma India Theater in 1944. The 558th served in combat until the surrender of Japan and remained in theater until January 1946, when it returned to the United States and was inactivated.

In March 1946, the battalion was transferred to the Air Corps, redesignated the **152d Aircraft Warning and Control Group** and allotted to the National Guard.

In March 1948, the group was activated and federally recognized in the New York Air National Guard at Westchester County Airport as the air control element of the 52d Fighter Wing. It was assigned three aircraft warning and control squadrons in New York and New Jersey, and an aircraft control squadron stationed with the group headquarters.

In August 1951 the group and its squadrons were called to active duty in the expansion of the United States Air Force during the Korean War and moved to Grenier Air Force Base, New Hampshire as part of Air Defense Command (ADC). The unit did not deploy to Korea, instead it moved to Canada where it operated new radar sites being constructed for Northeast Air Command. In December the group was inactivated and returned to state control.

The unit was moved to the White Plains Armory and eventually to Roslyn Air National Guard Station on Long Island. The mobilization command for the group changed from ADC to Tactical Air Command (TAC). In 1954, the unit was redesignated the **152d Tactical Control Group** and changed its mission from air defense to control of tactical aircraft in both offensive and defensive combat. The group was called to active duty during the Berlin Crisis of 1961 and deployed to Germany, where it operated a network of radar sites until being once again returned to state control in 1962.

In 1984 the 152d moved to Hancock Field Air National Guard Base, near Syracuse. It became the **152d Air Control Group** in 1992 as the Air Force dropped the terms "Tactical" and "Strategic" from its units names with the inactivation of TAC and Strategic Air Command. Air Combat Command became the new mobilization command for the 152d.

In 2000, the unit's federal mission was changed to augment the Air Operations Center at Ramstein Air Force Base, Germany, for the United States Air Forces Europe (USAFE). The Air Operations Center provides planning, direction, and control of assigned Air Forces. They also direct activities of forces and monitor actions of both enemy and friendly forces.

In March 2011 - The 152nd AOG sent 40 plus members within 48 hours in support of Operation Odyssey Dawn. This was the U.S. code name for the American role in the international military operation in Libya to enforce United Nations Security Council Resolution of 1973. The initial period of, which continued afterwards under NATO command as Operation Unified Protector. The initial operation implemented a no-fly zone that was proposed during the Libyan Civil War to prevent government forces loyal to Muammar Gaddafi from carrying out air attacks on anti-Gaddafi forces. Operations commenced on the same day with a strike by French fighter jets, then US and UK forces conducting strikes from ships and submarines via 110 Tomahawk cruise missiles and air assets bombing Gaddafi forces near Benghazi. The U.S. initially had strategic command of the military intervention, coordinated missions between coalition members and set up Joint Task Force Odyssey Dawn on USS Mount Whitney for the tactical command and control in the area of operations passing complete military command of the operation to NATO and took up a support role on 31 March 2011. At the conclusion of Operation Odyssey Dawn General Mark A. Welsh III, Air Force Chief of Staff stated ..."we needed to get the air operations center up and running. We hadn’t received any approval yet to use funding to bring in people on man days and a big chunk of our AOC there, the guts of it, the strategic guts of it, was to come from Guard: the 152nd \[Air Operations Group\] out of New York and the 217th \[Air Operations Group\] out of Michigan. And so finally we just said OK we’re taking every bit of money we have here from man days and the command and just bring them over. We made a phone call and within 24 hours we had like 85 or 90 people \[from the Guard\] show up. And the AOC was instantly alive. That’s what the Guard does for us."

## Lineage

* Activated in December 1939 as the **Signal Aircraft Warning Company, Panama**

Redesignated **558th Signal Battalion**, Aircraft Warning on 15 January 1942 Inactivated on 1 December 1942 Redesignated **558th Signal Aircraft Warning Battalion** and activated on 10 August 1944 Inactivated on 11 January 1946 * Converted, redesignated **152d Aircraft Warning & Control Group** on 24 May 1946 and allotted to the National Guard

Extended federal recognition and activated on 15 Mar 1948 Called to active duty on 1 August 1951 Inactivated on 20 Dec 1952 and returned to the National Guard Extended federal recognition and activated on 20 Dec 1952 Redesignated 152d Tactical Control Group on 1 December 1954 Federalized and placed on active duty in Oct 1961 Released from active duty and returned to New York state control c 1 Nov 1962 Redesignated 152d Air Control Group c. 16 June 1992 Redesignated 152d Air Operations Group on 1 August 1996 Federalized and placed on active duty in December 2001 Released from active duty and returned to New York state control Federalized and placed on active duty in January 2003 Released from active duty and returned to New York state control in February 2003

### Assignments

### Stations

* Fort Clayton, Panama Canal Zone, December 1939
* Albrook Field, Panama Canal Zone, by July 1942 - 1 December 1942
* Dinjan, India, 10 August 1944,
* Myitkyina, Burma, *ca*. April 1945
* Camp Kilmer, New Jersey, January 1946 - 11 January 1946
* Westchester County Airport, New York, 15 March 1948
* Grenier Air Force Base, New Hampshire, August 1951
* Pepperrell Air Force Base Labrador, April 1952 - 10 December 1952
* Westchester County Airport, New York 10 December 1952 - *ca*. 1953
* White Plains State Armory, New York, c. 1954
* Roslyn Air National Guard Station, New York, c. 1959
* Mannheim Air Station, Germany October 1961
* Roslyn Air National Guard Station, New York, 1 November 1962
* Hancock Field Air National Guard Base, New York, May 1983
* Ramstein Air Base, December 2001
* Hancock Field Air National Guard Base, New York, unknown
* Unknown - January 2003
* Hancock Field Air National Guard Base, New York, February 2003 – present

## Weapons Systems Operated

* AN/USQ-163 Falconer

This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency

* Gross, Charles J (1996), The Air National Guard and the American Military Tradition, United States Dept. of Defense, ISBN 0160483026

http://www.nationalguardmagazine.com/july-2013?m=12619&i=166555&p=26&ver=html5

## InfoBox

| 152d Air Operations Group | |
| --- | --- |
| Country | United States |
| Allegiance | New York |
| Branch | Air National Guard |
| Type | Group |
| Role | Air Operations Center |
| Garrison/HQ | Hancock Field Air National Guard Base, Syracuse, New York |
| Commanders | |
| Current<br>commander | Col Kevin "Saint" St. John Deputy, CC Col John "Smiley" Meili CMSgt Christopher Vandemortel Group Superintendent |
| Insignia | |
| 152d Air Operations Group emblem |  |


title: The Gaylads

abstract: The Gaylads are a Jamaican vocal group. They were one of the top rocksteady vocal groups active in Jamaica between 1963 and 1973.

text:
# The Gaylads

**The Gaylads** are a Jamaican vocal group. They were one of the top rocksteady vocal groups active in Jamaica between 1963 and 1973.

## History

The group, formed in Kingston, originally consisted of singers Harris "B.B." Seaton, Winston Delano Stewart and Maurice Roberts; Seaton and Stewart had previously been successful as the duo Winston & Bibby. There would be several line-up changes throughout The Gaylads' ten-year history, with Maurice Roberts remaining the only constant member.

The Gaylads went on hiatus in 1964, with Seaton performing solo on the cabaret circuit, but they reformed in 1966. The group's early successes were with producer Clement "Coxsone" Dodd at Studio One, and included "Lady in the Red Dress", "Stop Making Love", "You Should Never Do That", and "Don't Say No". Besides recording several hit records, The Gaylads also backed many influential musicians (including Ken Parker, Ken Boothe, and Delroy Wilson) on recordings. In 1968 they moved on to record for Sonia Pottinger and enjoyed further hit singles. They recorded for Leslie Kong in 1969, including the hit single "There's a Fire". Stewart left the group when he emigrated, and Kong's death dealt them a further blow, but they had further success recording for Rupie Edwards in the early 1970s. Seaton also emigrated, leaving Roberts as the only original member.

Roberts, the lone remaining original member, selected brothers Randell and Hopeton Thaxter to carry on the Gaylads name; the new lineup never matched the success of its predecessor, however, and after releasing the album, *Love and Understanding*, as the Gayladds, Roberts dropped any reference to the moniker and rechristened the trio the Psalms, landing as backing vocalists for Bunny Wailer. The founding duo of Seaton and Stewart reformed for the first time in over two decades for an appearance at the 1991 Studio One concert, and two years later Roberts joined them for a performance at the Rocksteady Reunion in Kingston. Seaton, who began his solo career in 1973 with the album *Thin Line Between Love and Hate* and enjoyed success throughout the years to follow—subsequently relocated to London to helm his revived Soul Beat imprint.

Some of their hits included one of the first singles encouraging repatriation - "Africa (We Want To Go)," "Joy In The Morning"; "Red Rose," (for Coxsone Dodd at Studio One), "It's Hard To Confess," "Over the Rainbow's End" (for Sonia Pottinger) and "My Jamaican Girl" (for Leslie Kong / Beverley's).

In 2012, the line-up of the Gaylads comprised Seaton and Randall Thaxter. By 2016 the group comprised Seaton, Harold Davis, and Dennis Spencer.

Maurice Roberts died on 14 August 2015, at the age of 70. B. B. Seaton died on 4 March 2024, at the age of 79.

## Albums

As the Psalms

Compilations * *Seal of Approval*, Soul Beat - B.B. Seaton and the Gaylads
* *After Studio One* (1997), Metro
* *Over the Rainbow's End (Best of The Gaylads) 1968-1971* (1995), Trojan
* *Ska Days*, Studio One

## InfoBox

| The Gaylads | |
| --- | --- |
| Origin | Jamaica |
| Genres | Rocksteady, Reggae |
| Years active | 1963–present |
| Labels | Studio One, Beverley's, Trojan, Ballistic |
|  | |
| Members | Harold Davis
Dennis Spencer |
|  | |
| Past members | Winston Delano Stewart
Ricky Grant
Maurice Roberts (deceased)
Harris "B.B." Seaton (deceased)
Hopeton Thaxter
Randall Thaxter |


title: No Holds Barred (Tweedy Bird Loc album)

abstract: No Holds Barred is the second and last album by American gangsta rapper Tweedy Bird Loc.

text:
# No Holds Barred (Tweedy Bird Loc album)

***No Holds Barred*** is the second and last album by American gangsta rapper Tweedy Bird Loc.

## Track listing

1. "**Album Bitch**" (Ronnie Phillips, Stank, J, Tweedy Bird Loc)
2. "**Tweedy for President**" (Tweedy Bird Loc)
3. "**Dub Sacc**" (Tweedy Bird Loc)
4. "**I'm Calling You a Bitch**" (Tweedy Bird Loc, 4-Clips) (Queen Latifah diss)
5. "**Walk That Walk**" (Young Soldierz, Keystone, 4-Clips, Lil Leak, Big Stretch, Tweedy Bird Loc)
6. "**Outta Here**" (Tweedy Bird Loc, Lil Leak, Red Rum, Silkski) (KRS-One, Tim Dog, Fat Joe, Vanilla Ice, Everlast, MC Serch, D-Nice, Luke Campbell (of 2 Live Crew), and Big Bank Hank diss)
7. "**Girls I've Done Fucc Before**" (Dog, Skit, Tweedy Bird Loc, Lil Leak, Big Bun, 4-Clips)
8. "**Keep on Walkin**" (Big Wy, Tweedy Bird Loc, 4-Clips)
9. "**My Dicc Is Still Prejudiced**" (Tweedy Bird Loc, Duke, Leroy, Fingaz, D)
10. "**Gangsta Tweed**" (Tweedy Bird Loc)
11. "**I Got My Strap**"(Tweedy Bird Loc)
12. "**Fucc Miami**" (Luke of 2 Live Crew Diss) (Ronnie Phillips, Stank, J, Tweedy Bird Loc, Lil Leak, 4-Clips, Keystone)
13. "**C Thru the Bullshit**" (Tweedy Bird Loc, Baby Bird)
14. "**Real Gangsta Shit**"
15. "**Y'all Can't Fucc With Us**" (Tweedy Bird Loc, Red Rum 781, Duke, Leroy, 4-Clips, Big Bun, Duke-E Fingaz) (Eazy-E & MC Ren Diss)
16. "**Street Jokes**" (Lil Stretch, Troll, Tweedy Bird Loc, 4-Clips, Big Bun, Burnout, Da Marvin)
17. "**Dangerous Is the Shit**" (Lil Stretch, Big Wy, Tweedy Bird Loc, Lil Leak, Red Rum, 4-Clips, Big Stretch, Keystone, Popps)
18. "**Shout Out**" (Tweedy Bird Loc, Big Bun, D. Fingaz, Foe Clips, KeyLow G)

Eazy E responded to "Y'all Can't Fucc With Us" on the track "Ole School Shit" from his Str8 Off Tha Streets Of Muthaphuckkin Compton album. The verse however, was omitted for the final album due to Tweedy having made amends with him before his death.

This album was re-released in 2004, with a slightly different cover, Also the 2004 re release does not include the track "Album Bitch" and instead begins with the track "Tweedy for President".

## Samples

* "Y'all Can't Fucc With Us" samples "Wild Night" by One Way
* "Dub Sacc" samples "Funky Drummer" by James Brown
* "Fucc Miami" samples Dre Day by Dr. Dre

## InfoBox

| No Holds Barred | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Tweedy Bird Loc | |
| Released | August 23, 1994 |
| Recorded | 1994 |
| Genre | West Coast hip hop, gangsta rap, g-funk |
| Label | Dangerous |
| Producer | Tweedy Bird Loc, Ronnie Phillips |
| Tweedy Bird Loc chronology | |
| *187 Ride By*
(1992) ***No Holds Barred***
(1994) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *No Holds Barred* | |
| 1. "Walk That Walk"
Released: 1994 | |
|  | |


title: Tutnall

abstract: Tutnall is a village in the Bromsgrove district of Worcestershire. It is in the civil parish of Tutnall and Cobley which has a population of 1,543. The A448 used to run through the centre of the village, though this is now bypassed by a modern dual carriageway.

text:
# Tutnall

**Tutnall** is a village in the Bromsgrove district of Worcestershire. It is in the civil parish of Tutnall and Cobley which has a population of 1,543. The A448 used to run through the centre of the village, though this is now bypassed by a modern dual carriageway.

## InfoBox

| Tutnall | |
| --- | --- |
| Tutnall Hall | |
| TutnallLocation within Worcestershire | |
| OS grid reference | SO988702 |
| London | 117 miles (188 km) |
| Civil parish |  |
| District |  |
| Shire county |  |
| Region |  |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | BROMSGROVE |
| Postcode district | B60 |
| Dialling code | 01527 |
|  | |
| Police | West Mercia |
| Fire | Hereford and Worcester |
| Ambulance | West Midlands |
|  | |
| UK Parliament |  |
|