title: Welcome to Medina

abstract: Welcome to Medina is the international debut studio album by Danish-Chilean electropop singer Medina. It was released on 23 July 2010 in Germany, Switzerland and Austria and 26 July 2010 in Denmark The album was preceded by the release of the lead single, "You and I", on 3 May 2010. Welcome to Medina is the international edition of her second Danish studio album, Velkommen til Medina (2009). The album's four hit singles, "Kun for mig", "Velkommen til Medina", "Ensom" and "Vi to" have been translated into "You & I", "Welcome to Medina", "Lonely" and "The One", while the rest are new songs recorded for the international market. The album was re-released on 26 November 2010 with a new song entitled "Sundown", and a second disc containing music videos and remixes. A further version of the album was rereleased on 11 November 2011 as "Welcome to Medina". The release contains all the tracks from the standard and special edition, additional remixes and the two new Danish singles "For Altid" and "Synd For Dig".

text:
# Welcome to Medina

***Welcome to Medina*** is the international debut studio album by Danish-Chilean electropop singer Medina. It was released on 23 July 2010 in Germany, Switzerland and Austria and 26 July 2010 in Denmark The album was preceded by the release of the lead single, "You and I", on 3 May 2010.

*Welcome to Medina* is the international edition of her second Danish studio album, *Velkommen til Medina* (2009). The album's four hit singles, "Kun for mig", "Velkommen til Medina", "Ensom" and "Vi to" have been translated into "You & I", "Welcome to Medina", "Lonely" and "The One", while the rest are new songs recorded for the international market. The album was re-released on 26 November 2010 with a new song entitled "Sundown", and a second disc containing music videos and remixes. A further version of the album was rereleased on 11 November 2011 as "Welcome to Medina (Ultimate Collection)". The release contains all the tracks from the standard and special edition, additional remixes and the two new Danish singles "For Altid" and "Synd For Dig".

## Chart performance

In Germany, *Welcome To Medina* entered the German Albums Chart at number ten. In its second week, the album rose to number nine, achieving a new peak position.

The album also charted in Austria and Switzerland peaking at number 45 and 24, respectively.

## Singles

**"You and I"** was released as the album's lead single on 21 September 2009 in the UK, where it peaked at number 39, and on 3 May 2010 in Germany, Austria and Switzerland, peaking at number 10, 25 and 30, respectively.

**"Lonely"** was released as the album's second single on 3 September 2010 in Germany and Austria, where it peaked at number 26 and 46, respectively.

**"Addiction"** is the third single of the album, released on 26 November 2010 in Germany. The song reached number 1 on the Danish Singles Chart.

**"Gutter"** was released as the album's fourth single on 18 March 2011 in Germany and peaked at number 43 on the German Singles Chart and at number 8 on the Danish Singles Chart.

**"The One"** was released as the fifth single from the album on 12 August 2011. The music video for the song premiered on 27 July 2011, and is similar to the Danish version entitled "Vi to", but with some new scenes with Medina singing in different parts. The single peaked at number 64 on the German Singles Chart.

**"Execute Me"** was released as the sixth and final single from the album on 11 November 2011 in Germany and Austria. The release contains the album version, two remixes and the music video, which premiered on 24 October 2011

### Promotional singles

"Selfish" was released digitally in Germany on 15 October 2010 as a promotional single.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Welcome to Medina" | Medina, Rasmus Stabell, Jeppe Federspiel, Lisa Greene | 3:55 |
| 2. | "You and I" | Medina, Stabell, Federspiel, Adam Powers, Julie Steincke | 2:54 |
| 3. | "Addiction" | Medina, Stabell, Federspiel, Greene | 3:38 |
| 4. | "Lonely" | Medina, Stabell, Federspiel, Terri Bjerre | 3:11 |
| 5. | "6 AM" | Medina, Stabell, Federspiel, Bjerre | 3:29 |
| 6. | "In Your Arms" | Medina, Stabell, Federspiel, Greene | 3:40 |
| 7. | "Happy" | Medina, Stabell, Federspiel, Greene | 3:33 |
| 8. | "The One" | Medina, Stabell, Federspiel, Bjerre | 3:58 |
| 9. | "Gutter" | Medina, Stabell, Federspiel, Viktoria Siff Emilie Hansen | 3:26 |
| 10. | "Selfish" | Medina, Stabell, Federspiel, Bjerre | 3:46 |
| 11. | "Execute Me" | Medina, Stabell, Federspiel, Greene | 3:40 |
| 12. | "You and I" (Acoustic Version) | Medina, Stabell, Federspiel, Powers, Steincke | 2:57 |

Amazon.de bonus track
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 13. | "You and I" (Deadmau5 Remix) | 6:18 |

German iTunes Store bonus tracks
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 13. | "You and I" (Deadmau5 Remix) |  |
| 14. | "You and I" (Spencer and Hill Remix) |  |
| 15. | "You and I" (Plastic Funk Remix) |  |
| 16. | "You and I" (Dash Berlin Radio Edit) |  |

### Special Edition

Disc 1
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Welcome to Medina" | Medina, Rasmus Stabell, Jeppe Federspiel, Lisa Greene | 3:55 |
| 2. | "You and I" | Medina, Stabell, Federspiel, Adam Powers, Julie Steincke | 2:54 |
| 3. | "Addiction" | Medina, Stabell, Federspiel, Greene | 3:38 |
| 4. | "Lonely" | Medina, Stabell, Federspiel, Terri Bjerre | 3:11 |
| 5. | "6 AM" | Medina, Stabell, Federspiel, Terri Bjerre | 3:29 |
| 6. | "In Your Arms" | Medina, Stabell, Federspiel, Greene | 3:40 |
| 7. | "Happy" | Medina, Stabell, Federspiel, Greene | 3:33 |
| 8. | "The One" | Medina, Stabell, Federspiel, Terri Bjerre | 3:58 |
| 9. | "Gutter" | Medina, Stabell, Federspiel, Viktoria Siff Emilie Hansen | 3:26 |
| 10. | "Selfish" | Medina, Stabell, Federspiel, Terri Bjerre | 3:46 |
| 11. | "Execute Me" | Medina, Stabell, Federspiel, Greene | 3:40 |
| 12. | "You and I" (Acoustic Version) | Medina, Stabell, Federspiel, Powers, Steincke | 2:57 |
| 13. | "Sundown" | Medina, Stabell, Federspiel, Terri Bjerre | 3:08 |

Disc 2
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Kun for mig" | 4:15 |
| 2. | "Velkommen til Medina" | 4:56 |
| 3. | "Ensom" | 4:11 |
| 4. | "Vi To" | 4:00 |
| 5. | "Yo Sin Ti" (You And I-Spanish Version) | 4:15 |
| 6. | "You and I" (Deadmau5 Remix) | 6:18 |
| 7. | "You And I" (Spencer & Hill Remix) | 6:19 |
| 8. | "You And I" (Svenstrup & Vendelboe Remix) | 5:04 |
| 9. | "You And I" (The Gooseflesh Remix) | 5:10 |
| 10. | "Lonely" (DBN RMX) | 5:18 |
| 11. | "Lonely" (Svenstrup & Vendelboe Remix) | 4:50 |
| 12. | "Lonely" (Gooseflesh Remix) | 5:30 |
| 13. | "Lonely" (Plastik Funk's Dirty House RMX) | 7:26 |

### Ultimate Collection

Disc 1
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Welcome to Medina" | Medina, Rasmus Stabell, Jeppe Federspiel, Lisa Greene | 3:55 |
| 2. | "You and I" | Medina, Stabell, Federspiel, Adam Powers, Julie Steincke | 2:54 |
| 3. | "Addiction" | Medina, Stabell, Federspiel, Greene | 3:38 |
| 4. | "Lonely" | Medina, Stabell, Federspiel, Terri Bjerre | 3:11 |
| 5. | "6 AM" | Medina, Stabell, Federspiel, Terri Bjerre | 3:29 |
| 6. | "In Your Arms" | Medina, Stabell, Federspiel, Greene | 3:40 |
| 7. | "Happy" | Medina, Stabell, Federspiel, Greene | 3:33 |
| 8. | "The One" | Medina, Stabell, Federspiel, Terri Bjerre | 3:58 |
| 9. | "Gutter" | Medina, Stabell, Federspiel, Viktoria Siff Emilie Hansen | 3:26 |
| 10. | "Selfish" | Medina, Stabell, Federspiel, Terri Bjerre | 3:46 |
| 11. | "Execute Me" | Medina, Stabell, Federspiel, Greene | 3:40 |
| 12. | "You and I" (Deadmau5 Remix) | Medina, Stabell, Federspiel, Powers, Steincke | 6:18 |
| 13. | "Lonely" (Massimo Nocito & Jewelz Remix) | Medina, Stabell, Federspiel, Bjerre | 6:12 |
| 14. | "Addiction" (FiveStarDeejays Remix) | Medina, Stabell, Federspiel, Greene | 6:31 |
| 15. | "Gutter" (Blank & Jones Club Mix)) | Medina, Stabell, Federspiel, Hansen | 6:47 |
| 16. | "The One" (Get No Sleep Collective Remix) | Medina, Stabell, Federspiel, Bjerre | 6:09 |
| 17. | "Execute Me" (Get No Sleep Collective Remix) | Medina, Stabell, Federspiel, Greene | 5:37 |
| 18. | "Execute Me" (Sola Plexus Remix) | Medina, Stabell, Federspiel, Greene | 5:06 |
| 19. | "You and I" (Svenstrup & Vendelboe Remix) | Medina, Stabell, Federspiel, Powers, Steincke | 5:04 |
| 20. | "Lonely" (Svenstrup & Vendelboe Remix) | Medina, Stabell, Federspiel, Bjerre | 4:50 |
| 21. | "Addiction" (Svenstrup & Vendelboe Remix) | Medina, Stabell, Federspiel, Greene | 5:07 |
| 22. | "Gutter" (Svenstrup & Vendelboe Remix) | Medina, Stabell, Federspiel, Hansen | 5:56 |
| 23. | "The One" (Svenstrup & Vendelboe Remix) | Medina, Stabell, Federspiel, Bjerre | 4:42 |
| 24. | "Ensom" | Valbak, Stabell, Federspiel | 4:11 |
| 25. | "Kun for mig" | Valbak, Stabell, Federspiel | 4:16 |
| 26. | "Vi to" | Valbak, Stabell, Federspiel | 4:01 |
| 27. | "Stikker du af" | Valbak, Stabell, Federspiel | 3:23 |
| 28. | "Er du med" | Valbak, Stabell, Federspiel | 5:09 |
| 29. | "For altid" | Valbak, Stabell, Federspiel | 3:34 |
| 30. | "Synd for dig" | Valbak, Stabell, Federspiel | 3:30 |
| 31. | "You and I" (Acoustic Version) | Medina, Stabell, Federspiel, Powers, Steincke | 2:56 |
| 32. | "Sundown" (Radio Edit) | Medina, Stabell, Federspiel, Bjerre | 2:56 |
| 33. | "Velkommen til Medina" | Medina, Stabell, Federspiel | 4:56 |
| 34. | "Yo sin ti" (You and I - Spanish Version) | Medina, Stabell, Federspiel | 4:15 |

## Personnel

Source:

## Charts and certifications

## Release history

| Region | Date | Label | Format | Edition | Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Germany | 23 July 2010 | EMI | CD, digital download | Standard | 5099964821924 |
| Switzerland | | | | | |
| Austria | | | | | |
| Denmark | 26 July 2010 | At:tack Music | | | ATTACKCD 116 |
| Sweden | 17 November 2011 | EMI | | | 5099994704723 |
| Germany | 26 November 2010 | | CD, digital download | Special Edition | 5099964821900 |
| Switzerland | | | | |
| Austria | | | | |
| United States | 6 September 2011 | Ultra Records | Digital download | Standard |  |
| Germany | 18 November 2011 | EMI | Digital download | Ultimate Collection | 5099973086451 |
| Switzerland | | | | | |
| Austria | | | | | |
|

## InfoBox

| Welcome to Medina | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Medina | |
| Released | 23 July 2010 (2010-07-23) |
| Genre | Electropop |
| Label | Parlophone, EMI, Labelmade, Ultra |
| Producer | Providers (also exec.), Thomas Børresen (exec.) |
| Medina chronology | |
| *Velkommen til Medina*
(2009) ***Welcome to Medina***
(2010) *For altid*
(2011) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Welcome to Medina* | |
| 1. "You and I"
Released: 3 May 2010 2. "Lonely"
Released: 3 September 2010 3. "Addiction"
Released: 26 November 2010 4. "Gutter"
Released: 18 March 2011 5. "The One"
Released: 12 August 2011 6. "Execute Me"
Released: 21 November 2011 | |
| Alternative cover | |
|  | |
| Danish edition | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Scrilla

abstract: Kenneth Campbell known by his stage name Young Scrilla, Scrilla, or Scrillz, is an American rapper from Atlanta, Georgia. Scrilla has been active since 2006, and is a member of the Atlanta-based entertainment group, No Line Gang. He is also a former member of Young Jeezy's label CTE World. He posted via Twitter that he is no longer part of CTE World on December 31, 2012.

text:
# Scrilla

**Kenneth Campbell** (born June 17, 1983) known by his stage name **Young Scrilla**, **Scrilla**, or **Scrillz**, is an American rapper from Atlanta, Georgia. Scrilla has been active since 2006, and is a member of the Atlanta-based entertainment group, No Line Gang. He is also a former member of Young Jeezy's label CTE World. He posted via Twitter that he is no longer part of CTE World on December 31, 2012.

## Early life

Scrilla was born and raised in Atlanta, Georgia and grew up on Campbellton Road in Atlanta's zone 4. Scrilla started rapping at the young age of 11, and in 2007 Scrillz won the BMI Urban Showcase.

## Career

***Ben Hill Beast*** In 2008, Scrilla made his debut mixtape *Ben Hill Beast* with direction from Franklin Family Entertainment, Don Music Group, and Nitti. *Ben Hill Beast* was a free release on the internet.

***Smoke & Mirrors*** On April 20, 2011, Scrilla released *Smoke & Mirrors* (host Black Bill Gates) on the internet for free, which featured the remix to "I Ball, I Stunt" featuring CTE World President Young Jeezy. Shortly after *Smoke & Mirrors* was released Scrilla signed to CTE World.

***The Demonstration*** On June 19, 2012, Scrilla had his first and only full-length release with CTE World *The Demonstration*(host Bigga Rankin) which had production and feature collaborations with Southside, Killer Mike, Young Jeezy, SuperCed, Freddie Gibbs, and more. On December 31, 2012, Scrilla announced via Twitter that he was leaving Jeezy's CTE World label, but he also expressed that there were "no hard feelings".

## Influences

Scrilla states his influences to be artists such as 2Pac, Young Jeezy, Michael Jackson, Killer Mike, Jay-Z, Anthony Hamilton, and many others.

## Discography

**Mixtapes**

* *Ben Hill Beast* (2008)
* *Smoke & Mirrors* (2011)
* *The Demonstration* (2012)


title: Stara Tuchorza

abstract: Stara Tuchorza is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Siedlec, within Wolsztyn County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.

text:
# Stara Tuchorza

**Stara Tuchorza** \[ˈstara tuˈxɔʐa\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Siedlec, within Wolsztyn County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.

## InfoBox

| Stara Tuchorza | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
|  | |
| Stara Tuchorza | |
| Coordinates: 52°10′16″N 16°03′13″E / 52.17111°N 16.05361°E / 52.17111; 16.05361 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Greater Poland |
| County | Wolsztyn |
| Gmina | Siedlec |


title: William Mostyn (priest)

abstract: William Mostyn was a 17th-century Welsh Anglican priest. The son of Sir Roger Mostyn, M.P., he was born in Flintshire and educated at Queens' College, Cambridge. He became a Fellow of St John's College, Cambridge in 1625; and was incorporated at Oxford in 1639. He became Archdeacon of Bangor in 1633, Rector of Christleton in 1634 and Vicar of Whitford, Flintshire in 1639. He died c. 1669/1670 at Plâs Mostyn, Wrexham.

text:
# William Mostyn (priest)

**William Mostyn**  was a 17th-century Welsh Anglican priest.

The son of Sir Roger Mostyn, M.P., he was born in Flintshire and educated at Queens' College, Cambridge. He became a Fellow of St John's College, Cambridge in 1625; and was incorporated at Oxford in 1639. He became Archdeacon of Bangor in 1633, Rector of Christleton in 1634 and Vicar of Whitford, Flintshire in 1639.

He died c. 1669/1670 at Plâs Mostyn, Wrexham.

1. National Archives
2. JISC (Bangor) Mostyn Manuscripts
3. Alumni Cantabrigienses: A Biographical List of All Known Students, Graduates and Holders of Office at the University of Cambridge, from the Earliest Times to 1900, John Venn/John Archibald Venn Cambridge University Press \> (10 volumes 1922 to 1953) Part I. 1209–1751 *Vol. iii. Kaile – Ryves*, (1924) p221
4. 'Mordaunt-Mytton', in Alumni Oxonienses 1500–1714, ed. Joseph Foster (Oxford, 1891), pp. 1026–1049. British History Online http://www.british-history.ac.uk/alumni-oxon/1500-1714/pp1026-1049 \[accessed 8 March 2020\]
5. Alumni Cantabrigienses: A Biographical List of All Known Students, Graduates and Holders of Office at the University of Cambridge, from the Earliest Times to 1900, John Venn/John Archibald Venn Cambridge University Press \> (10 volumes 1922 to 1953) Part I. 1209–1751 *Vol. iii. Kaile – Ryves*, (1924) p221


title: Leon Bramson

abstract: Leon Bramson, was a Jewish activist, member of the first elected Russian Parliament in 1906-1907, then a leader and organizer of the World ORT. Attorney and member of the Central Committee of the League for the Attainment of Equal Rights for the Jewish People in Russia, he was elected to the 1906 First Duma elections after an electoral agreement made by the General Jewish Labour Bund with the Lithuanian Labourers' Party (Trudoviks). He became head of the Russian ORT in 1908 and later of the World ORT when its headquarters moved to Berlin in 1920, and cofounded in 1922 the American ORT Federation with Aaron Syngalowski (1890–1956). At least two schools still in activity in 2009 bear his name: the Bramson ORT College in New York City and the Lycée Professionnel Léon Bramson ORT in Marseille.

text:
# Leon Bramson

**Leon Bramson** (born 1869 in Kaunas, then Russian Empire, d. March 2, 1941 in Marseille, France), was a Jewish activist, member of the first elected Russian Parliament in 1906-1907, then a leader and organizer of the World ORT.

Attorney and member of the Central Committee of the League for the Attainment of Equal Rights for the Jewish People in Russia, he was elected to the 1906 First Duma elections after an electoral agreement made by the General Jewish Labour Bund with the Lithuanian Labourers' Party (*Trudoviks*).

He became head of the Russian ORT in 1908 and later of the World ORT when its headquarters moved to Berlin in 1920, and cofounded in 1922 the American ORT Federation with Aaron Syngalowski (1890–1956).

At least two schools still in activity in 2009 bear his name: the Bramson ORT College in New York City and the Lycée Professionnel Léon Bramson ORT in Marseille.

## Sources


title: Muhammad Naeem (politician)

abstract: Muhammad Naeem is a Pakistani politician who had been a member of the Provincial Assembly of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa from August 2018 till January 2023.

text:
# Muhammad Naeem (politician)

**Muhammad Naeem** is a Pakistani politician who had been a member of the Provincial Assembly of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa from August 2018 till January 2023.

## Political career

He was elected to the Provincial Assembly of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa as a candidate of Pakistan Muslim League (N) from Constituency PK-32 (Mansehra-III) in 2018 Pakistani general election.

## InfoBox

| Muhammad Naeem | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Provincial Assembly of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa | |
| **In office**<br>13 August 2018  18 January 2023 | |
| Constituency | PK-32 (Mansehra-III) |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Nationality | Pakistani |
| Political party | Pakistan Muslim League (N) |
|  | |


title: Martin Lepa

abstract: Martin Lepa is a retired football defender from Estonia. He played for several clubs in his native country, including FC Flora Tallinn, FC Kuressaare and JK Tulevik Viljandi.

text:
# Martin Lepa

**Martin Lepa** (born 28 October 1976) is a retired football defender from Estonia. He played for several clubs in his native country, including FC Flora Tallinn, FC Kuressaare and JK Tulevik Viljandi.

## International career

Lepa earned his first official cap for the Estonia national football team on 11 June, 1995, when Estonia played Slovenia in a qualifying match for Euro 1996. He obtained a total number of five caps for his native country.

## InfoBox

Martin Lepa
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Martin Lepa | | |
| Date of birth | (1976-10-28) 28 October 1976 | | |
| Place of birth | Estonia | | |
| Position(s) | Defender | | |
| International career | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1995 | Estonia | 5 | (0) |
| ‡ National team caps and goals, correct as of 1 June 2009 | | | |


title: The Truth (with Jokes)

abstract: The Truth is an American book of political satire and humor by Al Franken, released in October 2005. The book's main focus is on the 2004 presidential election and Franken's research into the Republicans' strategy in their victory—as well as examples of subsequent political overreach which he predicts will be their downfall. Finally, he makes some predictions.

text:
# The Truth (with Jokes)

***The Truth (With Jokes)*** is an American book of political satire and humor by Al Franken, released in October 2005. The book's main focus is on the 2004 presidential election and Franken's research into the Republicans' strategy in their victory—as well as examples of subsequent political overreach which he predicts will be their downfall. Finally, he makes some predictions.

## Book I: The Triumph of Evil

The book opens with a retelling of the aftermath of November 2, 2004, as all the major news stations claim that incumbent U.S. President George W. Bush—reelected with an historically narrow margin over his Democratic opponent, Massachusetts Senator John Kerry, of less than 2.5 percentage points—won an "ideological mandate" in this election. Franken points to the previous low point for incumbent presidents' reelections, Woodrow Wilson's 3.2-point 1916 victory, juxtaposes them with the landslide reelection victories of Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1936, Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1956, Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964, Richard Nixon in 1972, and Ronald Reagan in 1984, and counter-argues that Bush's margin of victory was nowhere close to these lopsided contests; further, Franken points out that Bush's margin was 6 points narrower than that of Bill Clinton in 1996 over Republican challenger Bob Dole, and that nobody considered that victory a "mandate".

Franken then enumerates the reasons he believes Bush won, as summarized in three rhyming words:

* *Fear*: He used the threat of terrorism to scare voters into believing John Kerry wouldn't be able to protect them;
* *Smear*: He misrepresented Kerry's record; and
* *Queers*: He turned gay marriage into a wedge issue.

### Fear

Franken uses several quotes from throughout the 2004 campaign to illustrate the point of "How Bush Won: Fear". In several instances campaigners heavily relied on the events of 9/11 to paint President Bush as a strong military leader and John Kerry as a waffler. Franken counters with direct quotes from the 9/11 Commission that suggest Bush ignored or overlooked several key pieces of intelligence from the CIA that, if acted upon, could have prevented the attacks altogether.

Franken also writes that Bill Clinton received similar intelligence regarding potential attacks on January 1, 2000, and was able to quickly raise the security level and prevent terrorist activity.

He also talks about terror management theory and its relevance to the 2004 campaign, including numerous "conflations" by Republicans, particularly at their national convention, of the Iraq War with the 9/11 terrorist attacks. Almost no mention is made at the 2004 Republican National Convention of Osama bin Laden, whose terrorist group al Qaeda is considered to have perpetrated the events of 9/11; across all the speeches delivered during television prime time, there was only one mention, by then-Governor of New York George Pataki. Meanwhile, the words "terror"/"terrorism"/"terrorist", and mentions of Iraq, Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein, and 9/11 occurred 178 times in total.

One chapter is devoted to exploring the idea that 9/11 was used, as the wife of blogger Dwight Meredith phrased it, as Bush's "little black dress"—something he could slip on for any occasion, something he could use to justify any action he took.

### Smear

In "How Bush Won: Smear," Franken addresses the accusations of the Swift Boat Veterans for Truth group that alleged during the 2004 election that John Kerry's medals for valor were actually based on an act of cowardice. The incident, involving Kerry's killing of a Viet Cong soldier, was not witnessed by any of the group's members. Moreover, the group dubiously claimed that Kerry shot a potentially unarmed and wounded teenager in the back while he attempted to escape.

Franken surmises, using the testimony of the soldiers who were actually there, that Kerry's original version is the correct version. Franken also quotes a Ted Koppel story from 2004 when Koppel went to Vietnam and spoke personally with the commander of the Vietcong attack, who verified the man killed by Kerry was an adult, and military records that show the man was in possession of a grenade launcher.

The chapter ends with Franken delving into Karl Rove's record of smears. John McCain is mentioned briefly, as the victim of a claim by Rove (during Bush's 2000 search for the Republican presidential nomination) that McCain's adopted Bangladeshi daughter Bridget was actually an illegitimate African-American daughter, a claim which was spread via in infamous push poll. The chapter also contains a detailed account of Alabama Supreme Court justice Mark Kennedy, whose record of advocacy for children was twisted into an accusation of pedophilia.

At this point, Franken writes that he has been hospitalized with "Rove-induced septic shock." The chapter that follows, "A Brief Recuperative Debunk," shifts away from the Bush campaign to debunk a litany of false smears of Kerry consistently repeated by Fox News Channel personality Sean Hannity—to each of which Franken retaliates with an acknowledged-as-false anti-Hannity smear.

The following chapter, "With Friends Like Zell," examines in detail the keynote speech at the 2004 Republican National Convention, delivered by Senator Zell Miller (D–Georgia). In particular, Franken brings to light how the speech misrepresented Kerry's "nay" votes on military budgets as a lack of support of the U.S. military. Franken also talks about how, as recently as March 1, 2001, Miller *praised* Kerry as one who "has worked to strengthen our military", and contrasts Miller's 2004 keynote convention speech with two other ones: the one he gave at the 1992 *Democratic* National Convention—in which he denounced Republican politics of "division and diversion"—and with Barack Obama's speech at the 2004 Democratic National Convention.

### Queers

"How Bush Won: Queers" describes ways in which gay marriage was used as a wedge issue to break off certain voters who would have otherwise supported Kerry. It argues that Republicans relied on misrepresenting Kerry's position by saying and implying that he favored gay marriage. Franken lays out John Kerry's exact stance: Kerry supports legally recognized homosexual civil unions, but not full-fledged marriage rights. While Franken disagrees with this view, he says that Kerry has spoken on the record with the same opinion since at least 1996.

Franken shows photos of protesters and pamphlets in red and swing states that say "Support Gay Marriage, Vote John Kerry." Franken implies that these protesters were employed by Republicans trying to sway voters by using the controversial issue of gay marriage.

After summing up how the combined effort of "fear, smears, and queers" won Bush the election, Franken notes the response by the Religious Right, in which they eagerly claimed that his victory was due to their efforts to get out the vote. "They thought the Bible had made them omnipotent. But God had other plans," he concludes—as a segue into the second part of the book, where he talks about subsequent Republican overreach. However, after ending the chapter on this note, Franken takes a break to first write a short chapter about his own religious faith, entitled "Al Franken Talks About God."

## Book II: Seeds of Collapse

The second book of *The Truth (With Jokes)* details various examples of Republican misrule, each chapter being devoted to a different example.

"A Great Political Issue" describes the Terri Schiavo incident, in which Republicans politicized her case—overruling family courts and making dubious claims about her condition—only to offend a large swath of the American public by their intrusion in what even many conservatives saw as a private matter.

"The Tom DeLay Saipan Sex Tour and Jack Abramoff Casino Getaway" describes two primary examples of congressional Republican corruption:

1. First, Franken recounts the findings of a *20/20* episode detailing labor conditions on the island of Saipan in the Marianas Islands. In addition to sub-minimum wages and horrible working conditions, guest workers from China are also forced into performing live sex acts, and forced to have abortions when they become pregnant. Efforts to investigate sweatshops on Saipan are blocked by House Majority Whip Tom DeLay.
2. In the other example, lobbyist Jack Abramoff rips off the Tigua Native American tribe, first by fomenting Religious Right support for shutting down the Speaking Rock casino in El Paso, Texas, a major source of income for the tribe, then by claiming to help them keep their casino open by slipping amendments into bills in the House and Senate to keep the casino open.

"Social Security: Franni vs. Bush" describes Bush's attempt to privatize Social Security. Franken delves into the details as to why Social Security was, as Bush claimed, in financial dire straits, and then debunks all such given reasons. The rest of the chapter describes Bush's attempt to convince the American public to support his plan. It cites a Cato Institute piece, "Achieving a 'Leninist' Strategy", to assert that Bush's *strategy* for privatizing Social Security was ironically inspired by Russian Soviet Communist leader Vladimir Lenin.

The last three chapters of Book II describe the Iraq War. "Plan of Attack: Attack the Planning" describes the events leading to the war, particularly the Bush administration's refusal to either adequately plan for the war or listen to independent organizations that contradicted the party line that the war would be a quick and easy venture. "Mission Redacted" describes the efforts of corporations and private contractors to profit from the war reconstruction effort. "Werewolves of Washington" touches briefly on the administration's opinion on torture, and the apathy towards the number of people killed, both American troops and Iraqi civilians. It ends with an exhortation to vote out the people responsible in the 2006 elections.

A common thread touched on in the last three chapters is the story of Ahmed Chalabi, who had been hand-picked by Bush's Deputy Secretary of Defense Paul Wolfowitz, to run the new Iraqi regime. His attempt at an anti-Ba'athist uprising failed to gain popular support, and eventually Chalabi decided instead to attempt to gain power as a local warlord.

## Epilogue: The Resurrection of Hope

The epilogue takes the form of a letter Franken writes to his grandchildren, dated October 2, 2015. Among the predictions Franken makes (the book was published in 2005) for the coming years:

* Air America, on which Franken was hosting a self-titled talk radio program at the time of writing, has grown from being "just a radio network" to an "international media behemoth". (In reality, Air America, plagued by financial trouble, liquidates in January 2010).
* The Democrats reclaim control of the House of Representatives in the 2006 elections, while the Senate elections that same year end in a 50–50 split. (In reality, the Democrats *do* take over the House, but also end up with a 51–49 majority in the Senate—including two independents who caucus with the Democrats.)
* Democratic congressional investigations unearth sweeping corruption in Bush's entire cabinet, forcing the ouster of every departmental chief except for Secretary of Transportation Norman Mineta. (In reality, Mineta resigns as Transportation Secretary on July 7, 2006. Several other members of Bush's cabinet at the time the book was published, however, would resign before the end of Bush's term, including Attorney General Alberto Gonzales and Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld.)
* The presidential race in 2008 has unnamed Democrat defeating Senator Bill Frist (R–Tennessee) in a landslide. Karl Rove advises Frist from prison ("Not because of \[Valerie\] Plame. He punched a cop."). (In reality, Senator Barack Obama (D–Illinois) defeats Senator John McCain (R–Arizona), with 365 electoral votes to McCain's 173.)
* Franken runs for Senate in Minnesota in 2008 and wins. (In reality, Franken *does* go on to run for Senate against Minnesota's incumbent Republican Norm Coleman, and after a prolonged legal battle and recount process, the election is resolved in Franken's favor on June 30, 2009.)
* George W. Bush is impeached, convicted and begins drinking again "all in the space of a single afternoon," January 18, 2009, two weeks after the new Senators are sworn in and a scant two days before he would have left office under normal circumstances. (In reality, Bush is not impeached, and there have been no prosecutions to date of major members of the Bush administration.)
* Franken mentions working with Congressmen Sherwood Boehlert (R–New York), Jim Leach (R–Iowa), and Senator Ted Kennedy (D–Massachusetts). (In reality, Boehlert does not seek another term in 2006, and Jim Leach is defeated by Democrat Dave Loebsack that year. Franken *does* serve alongside Kennedy until the latter's death on August 25, 2009, though they do not collaborate on any major bills.)
* Bills to provide universal health care, end dependence on fossil fuels, reform Homeland Security and create a fairer tax code are proposed and passed within the first four days of the new president's term. (In reality, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act passes 14 months later, green energy legislation has been stymied, and proposals for tax reform are still being debated.)
* The president is elected to a second term, and then is nominated to the Supreme Court. (In reality, incumbent President Barack Obama wins the 2012 US presidential election, defeating the Republican candidate, former Governor of Massachusetts Mitt Romney, by 332 electoral votes to Romney's 206.)

The paperback edition, released in 2006, features an additional chapter, "You're Welcome," implying that his book had some effect in leading to the conviction of Jack Abramoff. The chapter talks briefly about some of the events that happened since the publishing of the hardcover version, among these Hurricane Katrina, Vice President Dick Cheney shooting Harry Whittington, and the management of American ports by businesses in Dubai.

## Style

As the title states and as with his previous work, Franken blends humor with cited fact in an attempt to create a more compelling read.

## Sales

*The Truth (With Jokes)* debuted at #1 on the November 13, 2005 *New York Times* hardcover nonfiction bestseller list. It remained on the bestseller list for ten weeks. Upon its release in October 2006, the paperback edition appeared at #12 on the paperback nonfiction bestsellers list.

## InfoBox

The Truth (With Jokes)
| First edition | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Al Franken |
| Language | English |
| Subject | 2004 U.S. presidential election |
| Genre | Political satire |
| Publisher | Dutton |
| Publication date | 2005 |
| Publication place | United States |
| Media type | Hardcover/paperback |
| ISBN | 9780452287679 |
| OCLC | 84839079 |
| Dewey Decimal | 973.931 |
| LC Class | JK526 2004 .F73 2005 |
| Preceded by | *Lies and the Lying Liars Who Tell Them: A Fair and Balanced Look at the Right* |


title: WNDX

abstract: WNDX is a commercial radio station, licensed to Lawrence, Indiana, and serving the Indianapolis metropolitan area. It is owned by Cumulus Media and airs a mainstream rock radio format, using the moniker 93-9X. The studios and offices are located on North Shadeland Avenue on the east side of Indianapolis. WNDX's transmitter is located off 38th Street, also on the east side of Indianapolis. It is licensed by the Federal Communications Commission to broadcast in the HD (hybrid) format.

text:
# WNDX

**WNDX** (93.9 FM) is a commercial radio station, licensed to Lawrence, Indiana, and serving the Indianapolis metropolitan area. It is owned by Cumulus Media and airs a mainstream rock radio format, using the moniker *93-9X*. The studios and offices are located on North Shadeland Avenue on the east side of Indianapolis.

WNDX's transmitter is located off 38th Street, also on the east side of Indianapolis. It is licensed by the Federal Communications Commission to broadcast in the HD (hybrid) format.

## History

### Easy listening (1993–1996)

The station signed on the air on February 12, 1993, as WXTZ, "Ecstasy 93.9." It was licensed to Fishers, and carried an easy listening format similar to the original WXTZ, which broadcast at 103.3 several years prior.

### Urban oldies (1996)

The easy format lasted until January 15, 1996, when it was dropped in favor of ABC Radio's now-defunct "Solid Gold Soul" satellite format, which played urban oldies, using the moniker "Gold 93.9." The call sign changed to WGLD in February 1996 to reflect this change.

### Smooth jazz (1996–1997)

Solid Gold Soul was short-lived, and on October 10, 1996, WGLD changed to another satellite format, Jones Radio Network's smooth jazz format.

### Country (1997–2001)

The license was sold to Susquehanna Broadcasting in 1997. Management decided that Susquehanna's modern country music "flanker station," WGRL "104.5 The Bear," would be moved to 93.9, while a new format, under 93.9's WGLD calls, would be placed on 104.5. To smooth over the transition, the two stations began simulcasting "The Bear" on May 30, 1997. Once the move was complete on June 10, the WGLD call letters moved to 104.5 and became oldies "Gold 104.5." The frequency switch did not help WGRL's ratings, as it experienced a substantial ratings drop once "The Bear" moved to 93.9. As a result, the station became more music-intensive and several disc jockeys were let go. By 2001, WGRL simulcast WFMS in morning drive time while Donnie Claw, the lone survivor from the 104.5 days, hosted the afternoon drive shift. The end of The Bear came on November 19, 2001, when the format was dropped for Christmas music as "93.9 The Christmas Channel."

### 80s Hits (2001–2004)

On December 25, 2001, 93.9 flipped to an 80s hits format as "Retro 93-9."

### Contemporary Christian (2004–2006)

The format lasted until July 9, 2004, when – following a five-day stunt of TV themes as "TV 93.9" – the station flipped to Contemporary Christian as "93.9 The Song." The call sign was also changed at this time to WISG. "The Song" lasted for a couple of years and saw modest success.

A month after the format change, in August 2004, WISG changed its city of license from Fishers to Lawrence, relocated its transmitter from Noblesville to east Indianapolis, and upgraded its power from 2,950 watts to 6,900 watts to provide better coverage of the Indianapolis radio market (it later upgraded to 8,400 watts in 2011).

### Talk (2006–2008)

On December 26, 2006, "The Song" was moved to 93.9's HD2 channel while a new talk format, known as "FM Talk 93.9," moved to the main channel. The station's call letters were changed to WWFT.

WWFT aired mostly nationally syndicated programming, featuring Mancow, Sean Hannity, Dave Ramsey, and others until November 16, 2007, when programming was replaced with the return of "93.9 The Christmas Channel." At Noon on Christmas Day, WWFT dropped Christmas music and stunted again, repeating the tracks "Lonesome Road" by Dean Elliot & His Big Band and "Swans Splashdown" by Jean-Jacques Perrey.

### Soft adult contemporary (2008–2009)

A new format, soft adult contemporary "Warm 93-9," debuted at 9:39 a.m. on January 2, 2008, with a commitment to play 93 hours of commercial-free music during its first week. The first song played on "Warm 93-9" was The Police's "Every Breath You Take". On March 3, 2008, WWFT changed call letters to WRWM. The program director and morning drive host was Fritz Moser. During the Warm era, "The Song" returned to the main station for six hours on Sunday mornings.

### Top 40 (2009–2015)

At 12:01 a.m. on July 2, 2009, the station dropped the 18-month-old Soft AC format; the station had finished 21st in the most recent Arbitron ratings and never mounted a serious challenge to main rival WYXB. The last song on "Warm" was The Beach Boys' "Kokomo". Afterwards, the station began stunting again, this time with construction sounds. At 9:40 a.m. on July 3, 2009, the station flipped to Top 40/CHR as "Indy's Hit Music Station, i94" and launched with 940 songs commercial-free. The format change marks the frequency's sixth new format since 2001. i94's first song was The Black Eyed Peas' "Boom Boom Pow".

In July 2011, the station adjusted its daytime format to hot adult contemporary, while remaining CHR at night. This did not attract many listeners, with i94 losing the ratings battle against WNOW-FM and WZPL, along with WNTR when that station flipped to Hot AC in May 2013.

### Classic hip hop (2015–2017)

On December 19, 2014, at 3 p.m., after promoting a "major announcement about i94," WRWM began airing a "Classic Hip-Hop Holiday Weekend", forcing rival WHHH to do the same. Unlike WHHH, however, WRWM announced the following Monday that it would switch to the format full-time, keeping the "i94" name but running jockless. On January 26, 2015, at 9:39 a.m., the station re-branded as "93-9 The Beat", with no change in format.

The flip increased the station's ratings dramatically, going from 15th to first place in the ratings in Indianapolis with a 7.7 share. However, this ratings surge was short-lived, as the station eventually fell back towards a 2.7 share by October 2017. WRWM's initial success served as the basis of Westwood One's "Classic Hip-Hop," a satellite-delivered format that was launched May 22, 2015. Westwood One is co-owned with WRWM.

### Top 40 (2017–2019)

On November 17, 2017, at 5:30 p.m., after playing "It's So Hard to Say Goodbye" by Boyz II Men, and a 10-minute farewell montage and brief teasers for random new formats, WRWM began stunting with Christmas music again, this time as "93.9 North Pole Radio." The station also began to post teasers on its Facebook page themed around the letter "E", and promoted that "E-Day" would occur at 9:39 a.m. on December 26. At that time, the station changed its call letters to WYRG, and returned to CHR as "Energy 93-9," launching with "...Ready for It?" by Taylor Swift.

### Mainstream rock (2019–present)

The future of Energy came in doubt in February 2019, with Cumulus acquiring then-rival Top 40 (CHR) outlet WZPL as part of a multi-station trade with Entercom, rendering Energy's format as redundant. Those doubts would be verified that May, as the sale closed, and WYRG began running liners advising that Energy would soon be "turned off" and redirecting listeners to WZPL.

On May 24, 2019, at noon, after playing "Bye Bye Bye" by \*Nsync, Cumulus flipped WYRG to a mainstream rock format as "93-9X". The station changed its call sign to WNDX on May 28, 2019. The first song on "93-9X" was "Enter Sandman" by Metallica, which began a commercial-free Memorial Day weekend to launch the format.

The station now competes with iHeartMedia's combo of classic rock WFBQ and alternative rock WOLT. Derrek Madden, the program director of co-owned mainstream rock station KXXR Minneapolis, assisted with setting up WNDX with a similar format for the Indianapolis market. The majority of the station's DJs are pre-recorded from other Cumulus stations across the country.

## InfoBox

WNDX
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Broadcast area | Indianapolis metropolitan area |
| Frequency | 93.9 MHz (HD Radio) |
| Branding | 93.9X |
| Programming | |
| Format | Mainstream rock |
| Ownership | |
| Owner |  |
| Sister stations | WFMS, WJJK, WNTR, WXNT, WZPL |
| History | |
| First air date | February 12, 1993 (1993-02-12) |
| Former call signs | * WXTZ (1993–1996) * WGLD (1996–1997) * WGRL (1997–2004) * WISG (2004–2006) * WWFT (2006–2008) * WRWM (2008–2017) * WYRG (2017–2019) |
| Call sign meaning | Indy's X |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 71438 |
| Class | B1 |
| ERP | 8,400 watts |
| HAAT | 140 meters (460 ft) |
| Transmitter coordinates | 39°49′39″N 85°58′51″W / 39.82750°N 85.98083°W / 39.82750; -85.98083 |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Webcast | Listen live<br>Listen live (via TuneIn) |
| Website | www.939xindy.com |


title: Weng Cheng-yi

abstract: Weng Cheng-yi is a Taiwanese mechanical engineer. Weng earned a doctorate in mechanical engineering from the University of Rochester. He joined the National Cheng Kung University faculty in 1980. Weng became president of NCKU in 1997. He was the inaugural chairman of the Aviation Safety Council, serving from 25 May 1998 to 19 May 2000. He was minister of the National Science Council from 20 May 2000 to 6 March 2001. Days after taking office, Weng was criticized by members of the Legislative Yuan for being unaware of council proceedings. An anonymous legislator accused Weng of plagiarism in June 2000. Later that month, health department director Lee Ming-liang panned several government officials for smoking, including Weng. As chair of the National Science Council, Weng was cautious of scientific exchanges with China, choosing to work with the Japanese government on a high-energy synchrotron radiation beamline installed in Hyogo Prefecture. Additionally, Weng commented on earthquake response and recovery, and attended the Industry Strategy Symposium 2000. Weng worked to establish the Tainan Science-based Industrial Park throughout his tenure. He was replaced by Wei Che-ho in March 2001, after the industrial park initiative proved unsuccessful. Weng later served as chairman of the Industrial Technology Research Institute. He returned to the Aviation Safety Council as acting chairman in 2005.

text:
# Weng Cheng-yi

**Weng Cheng-yi** (Chinese: 翁政義; pinyin: *Wēng Zhèngyì*; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: *Ong Chèng-gī*) is a Taiwanese mechanical engineer.

Weng earned a doctorate in mechanical engineering from the University of Rochester. He joined the National Cheng Kung University faculty in 1980. Weng became president of NCKU in 1997. He was the inaugural chairman of the Aviation Safety Council, serving from 25 May 1998 to 19 May 2000. He was minister of the National Science Council from 20 May 2000 to 6 March 2001. Days after taking office, Weng was criticized by members of the Legislative Yuan for being unaware of council proceedings. An anonymous legislator accused Weng of plagiarism in June 2000. Later that month, health department director Lee Ming-liang panned several government officials for smoking, including Weng.

As chair of the National Science Council, Weng was cautious of scientific exchanges with China, choosing to work with the Japanese government on a high-energy synchrotron radiation beamline installed in Hyogo Prefecture. Additionally, Weng commented on earthquake response and recovery, and attended the Industry Strategy Symposium 2000. Weng worked to establish the Tainan Science-based Industrial Park throughout his tenure. He was replaced by Wei Che-ho in March 2001, after the industrial park initiative proved unsuccessful. Weng later served as chairman of the Industrial Technology Research Institute. He returned to the Aviation Safety Council as acting chairman in 2005.

## InfoBox

| Weng Cheng-yi | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Chinese name | |
| Traditional Chinese | 翁政義 |
|
| Hanyu Pinyin | Wēng Zhèngyì |
| Hokkien POJ | Ong Chèng-gī |
| Tâi-lô | Ong Tsìng-gī |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Scrimaliner

abstract: Scrimaliner is a streamliner slingshot dragster. Designed by Ronnie Scrima, Scrimaliner was built by Scrima and George Bacilek, with the aluminum body hammered by Bob Sorrell, painted metalflake red. There was a small wing between the bicycle wheels, and the cockpit was fully enclosed. The 392 cu in (6,420 cc) Chrysler hemi was built by Milodon's Don Alderson. She weighed in at 1,600 lb (730 kg), "one of the heaviest dragsters at that time". She first appeared at Lions Dragway in August 1964, driven by Roy "Goober" Tuller. Scrimaliner turned in a best pass of 8.14 seconds at 202 mph (325 km/h).

text:
# Scrimaliner

***Scrimaliner*** is a streamliner slingshot dragster.

Designed by Ronnie Scrima, *Scrimaliner* was built by Scrima and George Bacilek, with the aluminum body hammered by Bob Sorrell, painted metalflake red. There was a small wing between the bicycle wheels, and the cockpit was fully enclosed. The 392 cu in (6,420 cc) Chrysler hemi was built by Milodon's Don Alderson. She weighed in at 1,600 lb (730 kg), "one of the heaviest dragsters at that time".

She first appeared at Lions Dragway in August 1964, driven by Roy "Goober" Tuller.

*Scrimaliner* turned in a best pass of 8.14 seconds at 202 mph (325 km/h).

## Bibliography

* Taylor, Thom. "Beauty Beyond the Twilight Zone" in *Hot Rod*, April 2017, pp. 30–43.

## InfoBox

| Scrimaliner | |
| --- | --- |
| Overview | |
| Manufacturer | Ronnie Scrima and George Bacilek |
| Designer | Ronnie Scrima (chassis), Bob Sorrell (body) |
| Body and chassis | |
| Class | Top Fuel |
| Body style | Slingshot streamliner dragster |
| Powertrain | |
| Engine | 392 cu in (6,420 cc) Chrysler hemi |
| Dimensions | |
| Curb weight | 1,600 lb (730 kg) |


title: Stara Turówka

abstract: Stara Turówka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Suwałki, within Suwałki County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland.

text:
# Stara Turówka

**Stara Turówka** \[ˈstara tuˈrufka\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Suwałki, within Suwałki County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland.

## InfoBox

| Stara Turówka | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Stara Turówka | |
| Coordinates: 54°08′38″N 22°49′37″E / 54.14389°N 22.82694°E / 54.14389; 22.82694 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Podlaskie |
| County | Suwałki |
| Gmina | Suwałki |


title: Martin Levine

abstract: Martin Levine is an American artist. Levine works mainly in etching and lithography, depicting realistically rendered cityscapes. His work has been included extensively in both international and American invitational and juried exhibitions, and his prints and drawings are in many important collections, including the Brooklyn Museum, the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston, the Art Institute of Chicago, and the Victoria and Albert Museum in London. He has been on the jury for numerous international exhibitions, including Biennials in Varna, Bulgaria; Lodz, Poland; Belgrade, Serbia; and Bristol, England. He is the former president of the Society of American Graphic Artists and was elected to the National Academy of Design in 1997. He has taught at the State University of New York at Stony Brook since 1986. Levine has received over 120 national and international awards, notably at the Society of American Graphic Artists National Print Exhibition; National Academy of Design Annual Exhibition; Bienal de Ibiza Grafic Internacional Exhibition, Spain; and the Library of Congress National Exhibition of Prints. He was a recipient of a National Endowment for the Arts Fellowship in Printmaking in 1976.

text:
# Martin Levine

**Martin Levine** (born 14 May 1945 in New York City) is an American artist.

Levine works mainly in etching and lithography, depicting realistically rendered cityscapes. His work has been included extensively in both international and American invitational and juried exhibitions, and his prints and drawings are in many important collections, including the Brooklyn Museum, the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston, the Art Institute of Chicago, and the Victoria and Albert Museum in London. He has been on the jury for numerous international exhibitions, including Biennials in Varna, Bulgaria; Lodz, Poland; Belgrade, Serbia; and Bristol, England. He is the former president of the Society of American Graphic Artists and was elected to the National Academy of Design in 1997. He has taught at the State University of New York at Stony Brook since 1986.

Levine has received over 120 national and international awards, notably at the Society of American Graphic Artists National Print Exhibition; National Academy of Design Annual Exhibition; Bienal de Ibiza Grafic Internacional Exhibition, Spain; and the Library of Congress National Exhibition of Prints. He was a recipient of a National Endowment for the Arts Fellowship in Printmaking in 1976.

1. Harrison, Helen A. (June 7, 1998). "ART REVIEW; Representational Works Take a Curtain Call". *The New York Times*. Retrieved 16 July 2012.
2. Plan for Graduate School - Graduate Program Search, GRE Prep, GMAT Prep, Financial Aid - Peterson's
3. The Old Print Shop


title: Martin Levan

abstract: Martin Levan is a music producer and sound engineer who, during the 1980s and 1990s, designed the sound for many of the major musicals in the West End of London.

text:
# Martin Levan

**Martin Levan** is a music producer and sound engineer who, during the 1980s and 1990s, designed the sound for many of the major musicals in the West End of London.

## Early career

Levan began his career as the tea boy at Morgan Studios, London in 1971, rising to become an engineer and producer. His early album credits include John Martyn's *Grace and Danger*, Ralph McTell's *Water of Dreams*, Iron Maiden's eponymous album, Neil Ardley's *Kaleidoscope of Rainbows* and *Harmony of the Spheres*, Colosseum II's *Wardance*, Andrew Lloyd Webber's *Variations* and *Requiem*, Gary Boyle's *The Dancer* and *Electric Glide* and Barbara Thompson's *Paraphernalia*.

## Sound Design

Levan's career developed in a different direction when, in 1982, Andrew Lloyd Webber contracted him to supervise the sound design for the original production of the musical *Song and Dance* at the Palace Theatre, London. He also produced a live recording of the first night performance. The impact of the sound production for the show led to him designing the sound for a number of musicals throughout the world over the next two decades, and regularly collaborating with Lloyd Webber.

With Lloyd Webber, he worked on the original 1984 London and 1987 Broadway productions of *Starlight Express*, the 1985 original Broadway production of *Song and Dance*, the 1986 London and 1988 Broadway productions of *The Phantom of the Opera.* In all productions of the show, the overture is partially pre-recorded, with the orchestra playing along with a track originally created by Levan and Rod Argent using a Yamaha DX5 keyboard, at Rod's home studio.

He also collaborated with Lloyd Webber on the original 1989 London production of *Aspects of Love*, the 1991 revival of *Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat* at the London Palladium, the original 1993 London and 1994 Broadway productions of *Sunset Boulevard*, the original 1998 London production of *Whistle Down the Wind*, the original 2000 London production of *The Beautiful Game* and international productions of *Cats*.

His other Sound Design credits include *Little Shop of Horrors*, *Kiss of the Spider Woman*, *Blondel*, *Carrie*, *The Baker's Wife*, *Show Boat* and *Lautrec*.

In 1988, while preparing the design for *Aspects of Love*, he developed the 'A-B System' to combat phase problems associated with the conventional method of combining multiple radio microphones systems on stage. Phase related interference patterns resulting in coloration and distortion in the sound system had hitherto been unavoidable but the use of the 'A-B System' effectively eliminated this phenomenon providing the audience with a much more natural, clearer and more focussed sound.

## Awards

His original Broadway cast recording of *Cats* won a Grammy Award. Other awards include an NAACP Theatre Award for Best Sound Director for *The Phantom of the Opera*, a Los Angeles Drama Critics Circle Award for Best Sound Design for *Sunset Boulevard* and a Jessie Richardson Theatre Award for Outstanding Design Team Achievement for *Show Boat*.

## Return to the Recording Studio

In 1998, Martin conceived and built the Red Kite Studio music recording facility in Carmarthenshire, Wales. He continues to produce and record there.

## Personal life


title: Martín Jacobo Thompson

abstract: Martín Jacobo Thompson (1777–1819) was an Argentine patriot, who had an active participation during the English invasions, and the Revolution of May. He is considered the founder of the Argentine Naval Prefecture.

text:
# Martín Jacobo Thompson

**Martín Jacobo Thompson** (1777–1819) was an Argentine patriot, who had an active participation during the English invasions, and the Revolution of May. He is considered the founder of the Argentine Naval Prefecture.

## Biography

Martín Jacobo Thompson was educated at the Royal College of San Carlos, and also in London, England. In 1796, he entered the Naval Academy in Ferrol. On July 11, 1800, he began his military career in the Spanish navy. Thompson had participated in the defense of the city during the British invasion in Montevideo, where he was wounded, and in Rio de la Plata, where captured several enemy brigs, being promoted to the rank of ensign of the Spanish Armada.

He was one of the promoters of the May Revolution of 1810, and attended the Cabildo Abierto on May 22. He was appointed by the Primera Junta as Captain of the port of Buenos Aires, where he served until 1815.

In 1813 Thompson held the rank of lieutenant colonel, and was promoted to colonel in 1816. That year, he was appointed by the Supreme Director, Ignacio Álvarez Thomas, to a diplomatic mission to United States. He arrived in Washington, D.C., in August 1816, with the intention of meeting with President James Madison. However, Madison was on vacation, so Thompson decided to travel to New York City, where he started negotiations for the purchase of war material.

Martín Jacobo Thompson died on October 23, 1819, at sea.

## Family

Martín Jacobo was the son of William Paul Thompson, born in 1721 in London, and Tiburcia Valeriana López, a criolla, born in Buenos Aires, who was a descendant of Pedro Sánchez Rendón. His father had arrived in Buenos Aires in 1750. He belonged to the elite of English merchants, who were established in Cádiz. Martín Thompson had married on July 29, 1805, with Mariquita Sánchez, daughter of Cecilio Sánchez de Velasco and María Magdalena Trillo y Cárdenas, belonging to a distinguished family.

His wife descended from distinguished lineages of the Río de la Plata, including Melchor Casco de Mendoza, and the Portuguese family of Gonzalez de Mora and Ines Nuñez Cabral (sister of Margarida Cabral de Melo). Thompson and Mariquita Sánchez were parents of five children: Clementina (1805), Juan Thompson b. 1809 (educated in Europe, Magdalena (1811), Florencia Martina (1812), and Albina Dolores born on February 28, 1815.

## InfoBox

| Martín Jacobo Thompson | |
| --- | --- |
| portrait of Martín Jacobo Thompson | |
|  | |
| Capitán del Puerto de Buenos Aires | |
| **In office**
1810–1815 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Martín Jacobo José Thompson y López Escribano
April 23, 1777
Buenos Aires, Viceroyalty of Río de la Plata |
| Died | October 23, 1819
*At sea* |
| Nationality | Argentine |
| Spouse | Mariquita Sánchez |
| Occupation | Politician |
| Profession | naval Officer |
| Signature |  |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | Spain — until 1810
United Provinces of the River Plate |
| Branch/service | Spanish Navy
Argentine Navy |
| Years of service | 1800-1819 |
| Rank | Colonel |
| Battles/wars | British invasions of the Río de la Plata
May Revolution |
|  | |


title: Leme panoramic camera

abstract: The Leme panoramic camera was invented by Sebastião Carvalho Leme (1918–2007), a photographer from Marília, São Paulo, Brazil. In 1957, an entrepreneur requested a picture of his buildings, which stood at three of the corners of a street-crossing, and he wanted to show the group of buildings in one single photo, which would have to cover 360°. Using a Rolleiflex with a panoramic head, ten negatives were taken that, enlarged and mounted, resulted in a 360° photo. Leme then addressed the challenge of taking a 360° photo in a single negative. The demonstration of his eventual solution consisted of a lens mounted in a small, empty tomato purée can, an internal device which is the principle of the invention, and a piece of film fixed inside the can. He tested it in front of the Senai building by rotating the lens by hand. The film, when developed, precariously confirmed that it was possible to take 360° photos. The first prototype was entirely mechanical. Three prototypes were made, and they were improved over one year. In the meantime, sure of having found a solution to the problem of taking 360° photos, Leme applied for a patent registration, a process that went on for some years. On April 23, 1962 the patent was awarded under No. 61.472. About 20 years after the patent was awarded, a similar system appeared in the United States, but without the internal device mentioned above. The camera remained out of use for 15 years. At the end of 1997, it was taken up again, improved, and put to use once more.

text:
# Leme panoramic camera

The **Leme panoramic camera** was invented by Sebastião Carvalho Leme (1918–2007), a photographer from Marília, São Paulo, Brazil.

In 1957, an entrepreneur requested a picture of his buildings, which stood at three of the corners of a street-crossing, and he wanted to show the group of buildings in one single photo, which would have to cover 360°. Using a Rolleiflex with a panoramic head, ten negatives were taken that, enlarged and mounted, resulted in a 360° photo. Leme then addressed the challenge of taking a 360° photo in a single negative.

The demonstration of his eventual solution consisted of a lens mounted in a small, empty tomato purée can, an internal device which is the principle of the invention, and a piece of film fixed inside the can. He tested it in front of the Senai building by rotating the lens by hand. The film, when developed, precariously confirmed that it was possible to take 360° photos.

The first prototype was entirely mechanical. Three prototypes were made, and they were improved over one year. In the meantime, sure of having found a solution to the problem of taking 360° photos, Leme applied for a patent registration, a process that went on for some years.

On April 23, 1962 the patent was awarded under No. 61.472. About 20 years after the patent was awarded, a similar system appeared in the United States, but without the internal device mentioned above. The camera remained out of use for 15 years. At the end of 1997, it was taken up again, improved, and put to use once more.


title: National Popular Resistance Front

abstract: The National Popular Resistance Front or National People's Resistance Front, frequently referred to as the National Resistance Front, is a wide coalition of Honduran grassroots organisations and political parties and movements that aims to restore elected President Manuel Zelaya and hold a constituent assembly to draw up a new constitution. The Front originated as a popular social movement which used massive civil disobedience to support the restoration of Zelaya in replacement of the de facto President Roberto Micheletti, whose government was perceived as a dictatorship in existence since 28 June 2009, the 2009 Honduran coup d'état. The National Resistance Front pointed to Article 3 of the 1982 Constitution as a legal basis for opposing the de facto government, and argued that it constituted the organised expression of Hondurans' right, under that article, to resist a government imposed by armed force. After the 2009 general election saw Porfirio Lobo Sosa elected President, the FNRP continued to press for a constituent assembly, and to oppose the government's human rights abuses. Human Rights Watch reported in July 2010 that under Lobo Sosa "at least eight journalists and ten members of the National Popular Resistance Front (FNRP)" had been killed.

text:
# National Popular Resistance Front

The **National Popular Resistance Front** or **National People's Resistance Front** (Spanish: *Frente Nacional de Resistencia Popular* or FNRP), frequently referred to as the **National Resistance Front**, is a wide coalition of Honduran grassroots organisations and political parties and movements that aims to restore elected President Manuel Zelaya and hold a constituent assembly to draw up a new constitution.

The Front originated as a popular social movement which used massive civil disobedience to support the restoration of Zelaya in replacement of the *de facto* President Roberto Micheletti, whose government was perceived as a dictatorship in existence since 28 June 2009, the 2009 Honduran coup d'état. The National Resistance Front pointed to Article 3 of the 1982 Constitution as a legal basis for opposing the *de facto* government, and argued that it constituted the organised expression of Hondurans' right, under that article, to resist a government imposed by armed force.

After the 2009 general election saw Porfirio Lobo Sosa elected President, the FNRP continued to press for a constituent assembly, and to oppose the government's human rights abuses. Human Rights Watch reported in July 2010 that under Lobo Sosa "at least eight journalists and ten members of the National Popular Resistance Front (FNRP)" had been killed.

## Aims and composition

The Front was originally known by a number of variants of its name – *National Resistance Front against the Coup d'État in Honduras* (*Frente Nacional contra el Golpe de Estado en Honduras*, *Frente Nacional de Resistencia Contra el Golpe de Estado* \- FNGE) or simply the *National Resistance Front* (*Frente Nacional de la Resistencia*).

The Front is a wide coalition of workers' organisations, campesinos' organisations and other grassroots organisations, together with centrist/left-wing political parties and movements that have stated their opposition to the 2009 Honduran coup d'état. The FNRP initially supported a referendum process that should lead to a constituent assembly, later it began supporting the Liberty and Refoundation party's intention to convoke a constituent assembly immediately.

## Policies and actions

Frequent public statements regarding the political and human rights situation since the coup d'état occurred are made by the National Resistance Front and redistributed by many of the participating or supporting groups, e.g. the women's rights group *Centro de Derechos de Mujeres de Tegucigalpa*.

In response to the San José mediation meeting in Costa Rica, the National Resistance Front stated its opposition to immunity for those who had carried out the coup d'état. It also said that it "supports the continuation of referendum processes, which will eventually lead to the convocation of a national Constituent Assembly and the prior definition of the criteria and requirements for the prospective assembly members."

In early August 2009, the National Resistance Front organised a converging national march, composed of many individual marches from different parts of Honduras, with convergence in San Pedro Sula and Tegucigalpa on 11 August. As of 9 August, about five thousand marchers who had left Colón and Atlántida on 4 August arrived in El Progreso, Yoro, the town from which *de facto* President Roberto Micheletti originates. About eight thousand marchers from the Ocotepeque, Lempira, Copán and Santa Bárbara departments were expected to join with these marchers in San Pedro Sula on 11 August. Thousands of other marchers were expected for the Tegucigalpa convergence. The marchers declared their aims to be the restoration of elected President Manuel Zelaya and the establishment of a constituent assembly.

The paralyzed sectors included health, education, and electricity services, not to mention the closing of the four main Honduran airports.

## Attacks against the group

Two of the leaders of the National Resistance Front, Juan Barahona and Rafael Alegría, were briefly detained and later released by police during a demonstration against the coup d'état on 31 July 2009.

Over 30 members of the National Resistance Front have allegedly been killed since Zelaya's ouster on June 28, 2009. The first alleged death occurred on July 5, 2009 at the Toncontin Airport, when 19-year-old Isis Obed Murillo was shot and killed by the military. Over 4,000 have been allegedly detained. Some have allegedly disappeared and have not been found. One teacher disappeared after a union meeting with witnesses who said he was captured by the police. His body later appeared covered in cuts in a field. Several alleged killings took place in the middle of the night, including that of union leader and Democratic Unification Party member Roger Bados. A number of people have allegedly suffered injuries from police and military beatings and have been poisoned by tear-gassing. Some organizations around the world have warned that the human rights situation in Honduras continues to rapidly deteriorate.

Under the presidency of Porfirio Lobo Sosa, human rights in Honduras continued to suffer. According to Human Rights Watch in July 2010, "at least eight journalists and ten members of the National Popular Resistance Front (FNRP) ... have been killed since President Lobo assumed power on January 27, 2010."


title: Worringen

abstract: Worringen is a Stadtteil (quarter) of the city of Cologne, Germany. Situated 15 km north of the city centre, on the left bank of the Rhine, it is part of the district of Chorweiler. In 1288, it was the site of the Battle of Worringen. It is served by the Köln-Worringen station.

text:
# Worringen

**Worringen** is a *Stadtteil* (quarter) of the city of Cologne, Germany. Situated 15 km north of the city centre, on the left bank of the Rhine, it is part of the district of Chorweiler. In 1288, it was the site of the Battle of Worringen. It is served by the Köln-Worringen station.

## InfoBox

| Worringen | |
| --- | --- |
| Stadtteil of Cologne | |
| Location within Chorweiler | |
| Worringen Worringen | |
| Coordinates: 51°3′56″N 06°51′54″E / 51.06556°N 6.86500°E / 51.06556; 6.86500 | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | North Rhine-Westphalia |
| Admin. region | Cologne |
| District | Urban district |
| City | Cologne |
| Borough | Chorweiler |
| Area | |
| Total | 11.72 km2 (4.53 sq mi) |
| Population (2020-12-31) | |
| Total | 10,197 |
| Density | 870/km2 (2,300/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Website | Stadt Köln |


title: Mr. Nice Guy (EP)

abstract: Mr Nice Guy is an EP by Danish actress, singer songwriter Trine Dyrholm containing three songs composed for the comedy show of same name "Mr. Nice Guy" showing at the Bellevue Teatret. The lyrics of the released EP are those of Peter Lund Madsen and Anders Lund Madsen and music is by Kim Larsen. The songs were sung by the leading actress for the comedy play Trine Dylholm and musical accompaniment by Emil de Waal's band.

text:
# Mr. Nice Guy (EP)

**Mr Nice Guy** is an EP by Danish actress, singer songwriter Trine Dyrholm containing three songs ("Avenuen", "Spejlet" and "Stille") composed for the comedy show of same name "Mr. Nice Guy" showing at the Bellevue Teatret.

The lyrics of the released EP are those of Peter Lund Madsen and Anders Lund Madsen and music is by Kim Larsen. The songs were sung by the leading actress for the comedy play Trine Dylholm and musical accompaniment by Emil de Waal's band.

## Track list

1. "Avenuen" (3:18)
2. "Spejlet" (3:13)
3. "Stille" (2:56)

## Chart performance

The EP was released on 30 September 2004 and became a phenomenal success on the Danish Singles Chart staying at the #1 spot for a total of 62 weeks) during 2005 and 2007. The EP spent altogether 135 weeks on the Danish charts.

## InfoBox

| "Mr. Nice Guy (EP)" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Trine Dyrholm | |
| from the album  *Mr. Nice Guy* | |
| Released | September 30, 2004 (2004-09-30) |
| Recorded | 2004 |
| Genre | Pop, Country |
| Songwriter(s) | Peter Lund Madsen, Anders Lund Madsen and Kim Larsen |


title: Muhammad Nurul Islam

abstract: Muhammad Nurul Islam is a Bangladeshi diplomat from Chittagong. He currently serves as the Honorary Consul-General of Japan in Chittagong, Bangladesh. He is one of the Consuls-General among 102 foreign representatives in Bangladesh, and one of 15 foreign representatives in Chittagong. On November 3, 2012, the Government of Japan honored him as 2012 Fall Imperial Decorations on the occasion of the 40th anniversary of diplomatic relations between Bangladesh and Japan, where he received "the Order of the Rising Sun, Gold Rays with Neck Ribbon". Nurul Islam is the fifth Bangladeshi who received the honor.

text:
# Muhammad Nurul Islam

**Muhammad Nurul Islam** (born c.1943) is a Bangladeshi diplomat from Chittagong. He currently serves as the Honorary Consul-General of Japan in Chittagong, Bangladesh. He is one of the Consuls-General among 102 foreign representatives in Bangladesh, and one of 15 foreign representatives in Chittagong.

On November 3, 2012, the Government of Japan honored him as 2012 Fall Imperial Decorations on the occasion of the 40th anniversary of diplomatic relations between Bangladesh and Japan, where he received "the Order of the Rising Sun, Gold Rays with Neck Ribbon". Nurul Islam is the fifth Bangladeshi who received the honor.

## Early life and education

Islam was born in 1943 in Chittagong in the then British India (now in Bangladesh) and passed his childhood in the city.

In 1963, he was graduated from the Chittagong College under the University of Dhaka. In 1968, he completes a degree in the Japanese language at the University of Tokyo under the Japan Foundation’s scholarship scheme.

## Career

In 1987, Nurul Islam has founded Nippon Academy in Chittagong for the proposed to facilitate learning of the Japanese language and Japan studies in Bangladesh, and the founder of Association for Overseas Technical Scholarship, Chittagong. Alongside in 1989 he founded AOTS (The Association for Overseas Human Resources and Industry Development Association) Alumni Society to introduce Japanese-style business management in Bangladesh. In 1990, he was responsible as the Honorary Consul of Japan in Chittagong and served until 2000 and then he was responsible for the second time as the Honorary Consul-General. He is the vice president of the World Federation of Consuls (FICAC).

## Honor

## InfoBox

| Muhammad Nurul Islam | |
| --- | --- |
| Islam at the 12th Anniversary of Bengali Wikipedia celebration in Chittagong | |
|  | |
| Honorary Consul-General of Japan in Chittagong | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
Honorary Consul: 1990–2000
Honorary Consul-General: 2000– | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1943 (age 8081)
Chittagong, Bengal Province, British India |
| Nationality | Bangladeshi |
| Children | 1 |
| Alma mater |  |
| Profession | Diplomat |
|  | |


title: Themisto

abstract: In Greek mythology, Themisto was a Thessalin princess as the daughter of King Hypseus of Lapiths and the naiad Chlidanope. Her name is derived from the Ancient Greek word: "θεμιστος" which means "belonging to the law", or "belonging to the customs".

text:
# Themisto

In Greek mythology, **Themisto** (/θəˈmɪst/; Ancient Greek: Θεμιστώ) was a Thessalin princess as the daughter of King Hypseus of Lapiths and the naiad Chlidanope. Her name is derived from the Ancient Greek word: "θεμιστος" which means "belonging to the law", or "belonging to the customs".

## Family

Themisto's sisters were Cyrene, Alcaea and Astyagyia. She was the third and last wife of Athamas, a Boeotian king. According to some sources, the couple had four children: Leucon, Erythrius, Schoeneus, and Ptous. In other sources, there were but two: Sphincius and Orchomenus, or else Schoeneus and Leucon. Some say that the father of Leucon was Poseidon (see also Leuconoe).

## Mythology

Themisto intended to kill her husband's children by his previous wife, but accidentally slew her own sons. This was the subject of a non-surviving tragedy by Euripides, retold by Hyginus as follows. Athamas married Themisto as he believed his second wife, Ino, was dead, but Ino turned out to be alive and to have been on Mount Parnassus with the Maenads. Athamas had her brought home but kept her return a secret; Themisto did find out she was back, and resolved to kill Ino's children as an act of revenge. However, she had never seen Ino in person and took her for a servant as they met, and ordered the "servant" to dress all her own children in white clothing, and Ino's in black. Themisto then proceeded to kill all the black-clothed children. What Themisto did not realise was that Ino had switched the children's clothing, and so she in fact killed her own children. Upon discovering that, she killed herself. According to Pseudo-Apollodorus, however, Themisto married Athamas after the death of Ino, and the whole story with the murder of the children did not take place.


title: WNEA

abstract: WNEA is an AM Christian radio station broadcasting a Christian talk and teaching radio format. It is licensed to Newnan, Georgia, and serves the Atlanta metropolitan area. The station is owned by Word Christian Broadcasting Inc. Much of the programming is simulcast with co-owned 1500 WDCY in Douglasville, Georgia and 1500 WDPC in Dallas, Georgia. WNEA is a Class D radio station. By day, it transmits with 1,000 watts, but to avoid interfering with other stations on AM 1300, at night it drops its power to 50 watts. It uses a non-directional antenna. It originally signed on the air on April 18, 1962.

text:
# WNEA

**WNEA** (1300 kHz) is an AM Christian radio station broadcasting a Christian talk and teaching radio format. It is licensed to Newnan, Georgia, and serves the Atlanta metropolitan area. The station is owned by Word Christian Broadcasting Inc. Much of the programming is simulcast with co-owned 1500 WDCY in Douglasville, Georgia and 1500 WDPC in Dallas, Georgia.

WNEA is a Class D radio station. By day, it transmits with 1,000 watts, but to avoid interfering with other stations on AM 1300, at night it drops its power to 50 watts. It uses a non-directional antenna. It originally signed on the air on April 18, 1962.

1. "Facility Technical Data for WNEA". *Licensing and Management System*. Federal Communications Commission.

## InfoBox

WNEA
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Broadcast area | Atlanta metropolitan area |
| Frequency | 1300 kHz |
| Programming | |
| Format | Christian talk and teaching |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Word Christian Broadcasting, Inc. |
| Sister stations | WDCY, WDPC |
| History | |
| First air date | April 18, 1962 |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 73317 |
| Class | D |
| Power | 1,000 watts day<br>50 watts night |
| Transmitter coordinates | 33°22′31.00″N 84°47′8.00″W / 33.3752778°N 84.7855556°W / 33.3752778; -84.7855556 |
| Translator(s) | 104.9 MHz W285FV (Newnan)) |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Website | WordChristianBroadcasting.com |


title: West Elk Mountains

abstract: The West Elk Mountains are a high mountain range in the west-central part of the U.S. state of Colorado. They lie primarily within the Gunnison National Forest, and part of the range is protected as the West Elk Wilderness. The range is primarily located in Gunnison County, with small parts in eastern Delta and Montrose counties. The West Elks are surrounded by tributaries of the Gunnison River. The range is bounded on the north by the North Fork of the Gunnison and on the east by the East River, another tributary of the Gunnison. On the south and west it is contiguous with Black Mesa and Fruitland Mesa, both part of the uplift in which sits the Black Canyon of the Gunnison. On the northeast it is contiguous with the Elk Mountains, being separated from them by Anthracite Creek and Coal Creek. Nearby towns include Gunnison, Paonia, and the ski resort of Crested Butte.

text:
# West Elk Mountains

The **West Elk Mountains** are a high mountain range in the west-central part of the U.S. state of Colorado. They lie primarily within the Gunnison National Forest, and part of the range is protected as the West Elk Wilderness. The range is primarily located in Gunnison County, with small parts in eastern Delta and Montrose counties.

The West Elks are surrounded by tributaries of the Gunnison River. The range is bounded on the north by the North Fork of the Gunnison and on the east by the East River, another tributary of the Gunnison. On the south and west it is contiguous with Black Mesa and Fruitland Mesa, both part of the uplift in which sits the Black Canyon of the Gunnison. On the northeast it is contiguous with the Elk Mountains, being separated from them by Anthracite Creek and Coal Creek. Nearby towns include Gunnison, Paonia, and the ski resort of Crested Butte.

## Geology

The northern and southern West Elk Mountains have contrasting geologic histories and surface features. In the north, the prominent peaks are laccoliths, formed when magma intruded into Mancos Shale about 30 million years go. Since then, the overlying Mesozoic sedimentary rock, including the relatively soft Mancos Shale, has eroded away, exposing the laccoliths. Laccoliths in the West Elk Mountains include Marcellina Mountain, Mount Gunnison, East Beckwith Mountain, the Anthracite Range, Mount Axtell, Carbon Peak, and Whetstone Mountain.

In contrast, volcanic rocks dominate the southern portion of the range. Shortly after the laccolith intrusions in the north, volcanic activity began to the south. A large stratovolcano and other vents ejected material that accumulated over what is now the southern West Elk Mountains. Most of these volcanic rocks are included in the West Elk Breccia Formation, a heterogeneous collection of volcanic materials including extensive mudflow deposits. West Elk Breccia is in places over 3,500 feet (1,100 m) thick.

On top of the West Elk Breccia, volcanic ash was deposited through repeated eruptions in the San Juan volcanic field to the south. Most of the ash was deposited 26 to 27 million years ago. The resulting rock, tuff, is relatively soft, but the ash landing toward the southern edge of the West Elk volcanic field was hot enough to fuse into harder welded tuff. These welded tuffs are more resistant to weathering than the underlying breccia and today they cap multiple south-sloping mesas in the southern West Elk Mountains.

Erosion has cut valleys and defined the mesas and peaks we see today. The highest point in the West Elk Mountains is West Elk Peak, which is located near the center of the large volcano that once dominated this landscape. Stratigraphic profiles of these rock layers can be seen at the southern edge of the West Elk Mountains where the Gunnison River has eroded through the volcanic strata. A good example can be seen at the Dillion Pinnacles in Curecanti National Recreation Area. The resistant welded tuff that caps Dillon Mesa is on top, overlying the West Elk Breccia, which has eroded into the pinnacles. Exposed under the breccia are the older, underlying Mesozoic sedimentary rocks including the Mancos, Dakota, and Morrison Formations.

## Prominent peaks

The 9 Peaks of the West Elk Mountains With At Least 500 Meters of Topographic Prominence
| Rank | Mountain Peak | Elevation | Prominence | Isolation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | West Elk Peak NGS PB | 13,042 feet
3975 m | 3,095 feet
943 m | 13.8 miles
22.2 km |
| 2 | Mount Gunnison NGS PB | 12,725 feet
3879 m | 3,549 feet
1082 m | 11.8 miles
19.1 km |
| 3 | Whetstone Mountain NGS PB | 12,527 feet
3818 m | 2,456 feet
749 m | 9.4 miles
15.1 km |
| 4 | East Beckwith Mountain NGS PB | 12,441 feet
3792 m | 2,492 feet
760 m | 6.8 miles
11.0 km |
| 5 | Anthracite Range High Point NGS PB | 12,394 feet
3778 m | 2,125 feet
648 m | 4.8 miles
7.7 km |
| 6 | Carbon Peak NGS PB | 12,088 feet
3684 m | 2,179 feet
664 m | 3.9 miles
6.3 km |
| 7 | Mount Guero NGS PB | 12,058 feet
3675 m | 2,432 feet
741 m | 6.4 miles
10.3 km |
| 8 | Coal Mountain PB | 11,710 feet
3570 m | 1,715 feet
523 m | 4.8 miles
7.8 km |
| 9 | Marcellina Mountain PB | 11,353 feet
3461 m | 2,728 feet
831 m | 5.1 miles
8.2 km |
|

## InfoBox

| West Elk Mountains | |
| --- | --- |
| Whetstone Mountain in the West Elk Mountains | |
| Highest point | |
| Peak | West Elk Peak |
| Elevation | 13,042 ft (3,975 m) |
| Coordinates | 38°43′05″N 107°11′57″W / 38.71806°N 107.19917°W / 38.71806; -107.19917 |
| Geography | |
|  | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Colorado |
| Counties | Gunnison, Delta and Montrose |
| Parent range | Rocky Mountains |
| Borders on | Elk Mountains |


title: Stand-in

abstract:
A stand-in, sometimes a lighting double, for film and television is a person who substitutes for the actor before filming, for technical purposes such as lighting and camera setup.
Stand-ins are helpful in the initial processes of film and television production. Stand-ins allow the director of photography to light the set and the camera department to light and focus scenes while the actors are absent. The director will often ask stand-ins to deliver the scene dialogue ("lines") and walk through ("blocking") the scenes to be filmed. Stand-ins are distinguished from doubles, who replace actors on camera from behind, in makeup, or during dangerous stunts. Stand-ins do not appear on camera. However, on some productions the jobs of stand-in and double may be done by the same person. In rare cases, a stand-in will appear on screen, sometimes as an in-joke. For instance, a scene in Heidi (1937) features the title character's grandfather mistake a stranger for Heidi; the look-alike was played by Temple's regular stand-in, Mary Lou Islieb. In another case, the actress who pretends to be Ann Darrow in the stage show during the final act of King Kong (2005) is played by Naomi Watts' stand-in, Julia Walshaw. Stand-ins do not necessarily look like the actor, but they must have the same skin tone, hair color, height and build as the actor so that the lighting in a scene will be set up correctly. For example, if the lighting is set up with a stand-in shorter than an actor, the actor might end up having their head in relative darkness. In some cases, a star and stand-in do differ in height: Ann Sheridan's stand-in, Marveen Zehner, was taller than the actress and reportedly worked shoeless, and actor Tommy Noonan wore three-inch risers in his shoes to stand-in for Tyrone Power. Some actors' contracts mandate that they will always have the same stand-in. Famous cases include Pluma Noisom, Harry Cornbleth and Adam Bryant. Myrna Loy wrote in her autobiography Myrna Loy: Being and Becoming about her friendship and working relationship with her stand-in, Shirley Hughes. When Bette Davis walked out on her Warner Bros. contract, she negotiated for her regular stand-in, Sally Sage, to continue to work at the studio.

text:
# Stand-in

A **stand-in**, sometimes a **lighting double**, for film and television is a person who substitutes for the actor before filming, for technical purposes such as lighting and camera setup. Stand-ins are helpful in the initial processes of film and television production.

Stand-ins allow the director of photography to light the set and the camera department to light and focus scenes while the actors are absent. The director will often ask stand-ins to deliver the scene dialogue ("lines") and walk through ("blocking") the scenes to be filmed.

Stand-ins are distinguished from doubles, who replace actors *on camera* from behind, in makeup, or during dangerous stunts. Stand-ins do not appear on camera. However, on some productions the jobs of stand-in and double may be done by the same person. In rare cases, a stand-in will appear on screen, sometimes as an in-joke. For instance, a scene in *Heidi* (1937) features the title character's grandfather (Jean Hersholt) mistake a stranger for Heidi (Shirley Temple); the look-alike was played by Temple's regular stand-in, Mary Lou Islieb. In another case, the actress who pretends to be Ann Darrow in the stage show during the final act of *King Kong* (2005) is played by Naomi Watts' stand-in, Julia Walshaw.

Stand-ins do not necessarily look like the actor, but they must have the same skin tone, hair color, height and build as the actor so that the lighting in a scene will be set up correctly. For example, if the lighting is set up with a stand-in shorter than an actor, the actor might end up having their head in relative darkness. In some cases, a star and stand-in do differ in height: Ann Sheridan's stand-in, Marveen Zehner, was taller than the actress and reportedly worked shoeless, and actor Tommy Noonan wore three-inch risers in his shoes to stand-in for Tyrone Power.

Some actors' contracts mandate that they will always have the same stand-in. Famous cases include Pluma Noisom (stand-in for Claudette Colbert), Harry Cornbleth (Fred Astaire) and Adam Bryant (Robin Williams). Myrna Loy wrote in her autobiography *Myrna Loy: Being and Becoming* about her friendship and working relationship with her stand-in, Shirley Hughes. When Bette Davis walked out on her Warner Bros. contract, she negotiated for her regular stand-in, Sally Sage, to continue to work at the studio.

## Stand-in use in animation

Stand-ins are also used for animated characters in live-action animated films, sometimes with life-size character models instead of people. This lets the animators know where to place the animated character in the scene, how to make them move realistically, and for actors to know where to look. In these cases, skin tone and hair color are not important. Height and build, however, are still important for any interaction between live-action actors and animated characters.


title: William McIntyre (English cricketer)

abstract: William McIntyre was an English cricketer who played first-class cricket for Nottinghamshire from 1869 to 1871 and for Lancashire from 1872 to 1880. McIntyre was born at Eastwood, Nottinghamshire and is first recorded as playing for Eastwood in 1866. In 1867, he began as a professional with the Nottingham Commercial Club at Trent Bridge and also started playing for the All England Eleven. A match for All England against the United England Eleven in 1869 marked his first-class debut. Also in 1869 he started playing for Nottinghamshire and achieved his career highest score of 99 in his second match of the season against Kent. In 1870 he took 3 five-wicket innings and took ten wickets in one match. Also in 1870 he took up a post with Bolton Cricket Club. His form for Nottinghamshire dropped in the 1871 season and in 1872, with residency established, he started playing for Lancashire. In the first six seasons he took 40 five wicket innings and had 12 ten-wicket matches. He was a nemesis to newly formed Derbyshire, who gave him 14 five wicket innings, and he achieved his best performance of 8 for 31 against Derbyshire in 1877. He left the Bolton Club at the end of the 1877 season and a benefit match was held for him on 14 September between A.N.Hornby's XI and Sixteen of Bolton. His next position was with Castleton Club at Rochdale. His form declined in 1878 and 1879 and he played his last season for Lancashire in 1880. McIntyre was a right-arm fast bowler and took 510 first-class wickets at an average of 12.61 and a best performance of 8 for 31. He was a right-handed batsman and played 151 innings in 97 first-class matches with an average of 10.41 and a top score of 99. His benefit season of 1881 at Lancashire raised £1,000. McIntyre remained with Castleton Club until 1882 and then umpired three matches for Cambridge University in 1882 and 1883. McIntyre died at the asylum at Prestwich, Lancashire at the age of 48 and was buried in Bolton Cemetery. His brothers Michael McIntyre and Martin McIntyre also played for Nottinghamshire.

text:
# William McIntyre (English cricketer)

**William McIntyre** (24 May 1844  13 September 1892) was an English cricketer who played first-class cricket for Nottinghamshire from 1869 to 1871 and for Lancashire from 1872 to 1880.

McIntyre was born at Eastwood, Nottinghamshire and is first recorded as playing for Eastwood in 1866. In 1867, he began as a professional with the Nottingham Commercial Club at Trent Bridge and also started playing for the All England Eleven. A match for All England against the United England Eleven in 1869 marked his first-class debut. Also in 1869 he started playing for Nottinghamshire and achieved his career highest score of 99 in his second match of the season against Kent. In 1870 he took 3 five-wicket innings and took ten wickets in one match. Also in 1870 he took up a post with Bolton Cricket Club. His form for Nottinghamshire dropped in the 1871 season and in 1872, with residency established, he started playing for Lancashire. In the first six seasons he took 40 five wicket innings and had 12 ten-wicket matches. He was a nemesis to newly formed Derbyshire, who gave him 14 five wicket innings, and he achieved his best performance of 8 for 31 against Derbyshire in 1877. He left the Bolton Club at the end of the 1877 season and a benefit match was held for him on 14 September between A.N.Hornby's XI and Sixteen of Bolton. His next position was with Castleton Club at Rochdale. His form declined in 1878 and 1879 and he played his last season for Lancashire in 1880.

McIntyre was a right-arm fast bowler and took 510 first-class wickets at an average of 12.61 and a best performance of 8 for 31. He was a right-handed batsman and played 151 innings in 97 first-class matches with an average of 10.41 and a top score of 99. His benefit season of 1881 at Lancashire raised £1,000.

McIntyre remained with Castleton Club until 1882 and then umpired three matches for Cambridge University in 1882 and 1883.

McIntyre died at the asylum at Prestwich, Lancashire at the age of 48 and was buried in Bolton Cemetery. His brothers Michael McIntyre and Martin McIntyre also played for Nottinghamshire.

## InfoBox

William McIntyre
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1844-05-24)24 May 1844
Eastwood, Nottinghamshire, England |
| Died | 13 September 1892(1892-09-13) (aged 48)
Prestwich, Lancashire, England |
| Batting | Right-handed |
| Bowling | Right-arm fast |
| Relations |  |
| Domestic team information | |
| Years | Team |
| 1869–1871 | Nottinghamshire |
| 1872-1880 | Lancashire |
|  | |
| FC debut | 17 May 1869 All England Eleven v United England Eleven |
| Last FC | 22 July 1880 Lancashire v Gloucestershire |
| Career statistics | |
| Competition First-class  Matches 97  Runs scored 1,323  Batting average 10.41  100s/50s 0/4  Top score 99  Balls bowled 18,573  Wickets 510  Bowling average 12.61  5 wickets in innings 53  10 wickets in match 14  Best bowling 8/31  Catches/stumpings 69/– | |
|  | |
| Source: CricketArchive, February 2011 | |


title: Martín Ignacio de Loyola

abstract: Martín Ignacio Martínez de Mallea, known as Martín Ignacio de Loyola, was a Franciscan friar, best known for his two travels around the world in 1580–1584 and 1585–1589, being the first person to complete the world circumnavigation twice in different directionsA, and for his missionary effort in China. He was a grandnephew of Ignatius of Loyola, and was ordained a priest in Alaejos in 1572.

text:
# Martín Ignacio de Loyola

**Martín Ignacio Martínez de Mallea**, known as **Martín Ignacio de Loyola** (c. 1550 in Eibar, Guipuzcoa, Spain – 1606 in Buenos Aires), was a Franciscan friar, best known for his two travels around the world in 1580–1584 and 1585–1589, being the first person to complete the world circumnavigation twice in different directions, and for his missionary effort in China.

He was a grandnephew of Ignatius of Loyola, and was ordained a priest in Alaejos in 1572.

## Circumnavigations of the world

In both of his travels Loyola took advantage of Spain and Portugal being united under the crown of Philip II of Spain.

### First circumnavigation: 1582–1584

Loyola's first circumnavigation was made in a westerly direction.

Departing Cadiz on 21 June 1582, he sailed to the Canary Islands, crossed the Atlantic to La Désirade, Puerto Rico, and Santo Domingo, before arriving in San Juan de Lúa (modern Veracruz), in México. After crossing to the Pacific Ocean coast of Mexico at Acapulco he sailed to the Mariana Islands, and the Philippines, before eventually reaching the Empire of China, where he landed in Fujian province. There he and his companions were considered to be spies and were sent to Guangzhou. After a year they were set free and sent to Macau. After travelling on to Japan, he returned to Lisbon via the Straits of Malacca, Portuguese India, the Cape of Good Hope and Saint Helena.

Loyola's account of his first journey around the world was first published in Rome in 1585, included in Juan González de Mendoza's *Historia de las cosas más notables, ritos y costumbres del gran reyno dela China*.

### Second circumnavigation: 1585–1589

Loyola's second circumnavigation was made in an easterly direction.

It is not clear how or when Loyola made his eastward journey to China. In 1587 he left Macau, China, and crossed the Pacific Ocean to Acapulco, Mexico, in a ship commanded by Pedro de Unamuno. From there he crossed Mexico to Veracruz, and then crossed the Atlantic to Spain.

## Other journeys

In 1595, six years after his second return to Spain, he went to Paraguay, that he reached via Panama, Peru, and Chile – whose Spanish governor by then, Martín García de Loyola, was his cousin – and Río de la Plata.

He went back to Spain again in 1600 and returned to Paraguay in 1603, this time as Bishop of Asunción. He had been consecrated as such in Valladolid by Juan Bautista Acevedo Muñoz, Bishop of Valladolid, the year before.

**^A** First overall was Maestre Anes.

## References

## InfoBox

| Most Reverend
Martín Ignacio de Loyola | |
| --- | --- |
| Bishop of Paraguay | |
| Church | Catholic Church |
| Diocese | Diocese of Paraguay |
| In office | 1601–1606 |
| Predecessor | Thomas Vásquez de Liaño |
| Successor | Reginaldo de Lizárraga |
| Orders | |
| Consecration | 1602
by Juan Bautista Acevedo Muñoz |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1550
Eibar, Guipuzcoa, Spain |
| Died | 1606 (age 56)
Buenos Aires |