title: WXEL-TV

abstract: WXEL-TV is a PBS member television station licensed to Boynton Beach, Florida, United States, serving the West Palm Beach area. Owned by South Florida PBS, it is a sister station to Miami-based flagship and fellow PBS member WPBT and low-power station WURH-LD. The three stations share transmitter facilities on Northwest 199th Street in Andover; WXEL's studios are located on South Congress Avenue in Boynton Beach. WXEL, WPBT, and WURH-LD are also broadcast by a translator in Fort Pierce. The launch of a public television station to serve the West Palm Beach area gained steam in the late 1970s, after the Palm Beach County School Board abandoned its permit for channel 42. A group eventually known as South Florida Public Telecommunications won the construction permit in 1979 after a settlement with WPBT, which long claimed the Palm Beaches as part of its service area and had also sought channel 42. However, the construction process for what eventually launched as WHRS-TV was protracted, primarily by environmental issues with the tower site. WHRS-TV launched on July 8, 1982, and changed its call sign to WXEL-TV at the start of 1985; for its first 25 years, it was co-owned with WHRS. Originally broadcast from the school board's former instructional television studios, WXEL moved to its present studios in 1990. It was still dwarfed by WPBT, which continued to have more members in Palm Beach County alone than WXEL had total. In the early 1990s, an employee revolt that resulted in the resignation of the station president was followed by high turnover, a lightning strike on the transmitter, and financial issues. Barry University, a private Catholic institution in Miami Shores, successfully fought proposals forcing it to cede part or all of the WXEL stations to Florida Atlantic University and became the sole owner in 1997. Barry University brought much-needed financial stability and led the digitalization and professionalization of WXEL. However, after a change in president, Barry started what would be an eight-year-long station sale process that ended with the station's president leading a group to buy WXEL-TV. In 2015, WXEL merged with WPBT, its longtime competitor for viewers and members. The station's spectrum was sold at auction in 2016; as a result, WXEL-TV is broadcast from WPBT's transmitter facility, south of the West Palm Beach market.

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# WXEL-TV

**WXEL-TV** (channel 42) is a PBS member television station licensed to Boynton Beach, Florida, United States, serving the West Palm Beach area. Owned by South Florida PBS, it is a sister station to Miami-based flagship and fellow PBS member WPBT (channel 2) and low-power station WURH-LD (channel 13). The three stations share transmitter facilities on Northwest 199th Street in Andover; WXEL's studios are located on South Congress Avenue in Boynton Beach. WXEL, WPBT, and WURH-LD are also broadcast by a translator in Fort Pierce.

The launch of a public television station to serve the West Palm Beach area gained steam in the late 1970s, after the Palm Beach County School Board abandoned its permit for channel 42. A group eventually known as South Florida Public Telecommunications won the construction permit in 1979 after a settlement with WPBT, which long claimed the Palm Beaches as part of its service area and had also sought channel 42. However, the construction process for what eventually launched as WHRS-TV was protracted, primarily by environmental issues with the tower site. WHRS-TV launched on July 8, 1982, and changed its call sign to WXEL-TV at the start of 1985; for its first 25 years, it was co-owned with WHRS (90.7 FM). Originally broadcast from the school board's former instructional television studios, WXEL moved to its present studios in 1990. It was still dwarfed by WPBT, which continued to have more members in Palm Beach County alone than WXEL had total.

In the early 1990s, an employee revolt that resulted in the resignation of the station president was followed by high turnover, a lightning strike on the transmitter, and financial issues. Barry University, a private Catholic institution in Miami Shores, successfully fought proposals forcing it to cede part or all of the WXEL stations to Florida Atlantic University and became the sole owner in 1997. Barry University brought much-needed financial stability and led the digitalization and professionalization of WXEL. However, after a change in president, Barry started what would be an eight-year-long station sale process that ended with the station's president leading a group to buy WXEL-TV.

In 2015, WXEL merged with WPBT, its longtime competitor for viewers and members. The station's spectrum was sold at auction in 2016; as a result, WXEL-TV is broadcast from WPBT's transmitter facility, south of the West Palm Beach market.

## History

### Permit fight and construction

Proposals for educational television in Palm Beach County first were floated by the Palm Beach County School Board in 1971, when a study was authorized to investigate the viability of such a station to operate on West Palm Beach's reserved channel 42. A construction permit application was filed that December with the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), but the school board never moved to provide the funding necessary for matching grants that would have financed construction. In 1972, a new superintendent came into office and argued that the board had no money to start a station and no business running one.

In 1975, a group known as Friends of Public Broadcasting formed to provide support for WHRS (91.7 FM), which the school board had previously founded. The group commissioned a study that found that 68 percent of Palm Beach County households could not receive Miami's channel 2 and there was enthusiasm in the county for a possible separate public station. In 1976, the school board agreed to relinquish its channel 42 permit to make way for an application from the private group. Incorporating as the Public Broadcasting Foundation of Palm Beach, the group offered to take control of the county's neglected instructional television setup in exchange for the right to broadcast programs into the county schools. The proposed station, along with the possibility of one for Fort Pierce, were seen as completing a statewide public broadcasting setup.

The owner of WPBT, the Community Television Foundation, filed an application for channel 42 on June 22, 1978, having previously investigated setting up a low-power translator on channel 42 before the Public Broadcasting Foundation filed its application. WPBT expressed its desire to continue serving its station members in Palm Beach County. One columnist for *The Palm Beach Post*, Alan Jenkins, wondered if the creation of a separate station merited the expense, particularly given the existing presence of WPBT among cable households. The competing applications led to a delay as the FCC adjudged the proposals; the Public Broadcasting Foundation also lost a federal grant because of the delay and incurred $67,000 in legal fees.

The dispute was settled in July 1979. The Public Broadcasting Foundation became the sole applicant for channel 42, while the Community Television Foundation received the Public Broadcasting Foundation's backing for a possible public station in Fort Pierce. In September, the FCC granted the construction permit, and the station received state and federal grants for construction costs. The station would broadcast from a tower in Greenacres City. This tower was being built by Malrite Communications, which would use it to broadcast a new commercial station, WFLX.

On July 1, 1980, the Public Broadcasting Foundation took control of the county's instructional television studios on Congress Avenue in Boynton Beach. Fundraising activities moved slowly at first but eventually perked up, even though the station struggled to convince viewers that the station, which was assigned the call sign WWPF, would provide a different service from WPBT.

WWPF, which was already sometimes known as WHRS-TV in the local media even though the call sign did not formally change until May 24, 1982, intended to begin broadcasting on July 1, 1981, even though its hope to do so was threatened by cuts to public broadcasting made by the new Reagan administration. However, by May, the tower still had not been constructed because environmental approval was still pending on an access road to the tower site. One of the first board members and major fundraisers for the station, Victor Farris, resigned before going public with his concerns that WHRS-TV would never be built and calling the board members "dreamers". By that time, the projected start date had already slipped to the summer of 1982; Malrite was still negotiating with the Florida Audubon Society, a situation that persisted into early 1982. Founding board director Sam Marantz would later regret not using the Audubon Society to coordinate the five environmental agencies whose permits were needed and thereby reduce what turned out to be 14 months of startup delays.

The lengthy delays in station construction took a toll on the Public Broadcasting Foundation's finances, which were propped up by the operation of WHRS radio. Marantz, who had been a key figure in the incipient stages of the project but left in 1980, was reelected as board president in April 1982. He immediately cut 20 percent of the full-time staff and announced he would seek emergency loans to make payroll; however, this proved to not be necessary. He criticized the board as "self-serving" and noted a rift between the board and the full-time staff. However, the station was nearly complete.

### Early years

The WHRS-TV transmitter was activated for the first time on June 23, 1982, with test signals. The station aired its first program, *Sesame Street*, on July 8. The first locally produced program, *Financial Freedom with Jim Barry*, debuted on August 12; it was based on the asset manager's book of the same title.

In January 1983, Lewis M. "Dusty" Sang became the new chairman of the station licensee, which had become known as South Florida Public Telecommunications. Sang devoted most of his energies to righting the ship at the young WHRS-TV by increasing fundraising efforts and community programming. On January 1, 1985, WHRS radio and television became WXEL and WXEL-TV; the new call sign signified "excellence" as a goal of public broadcasting. Sang also cited shedding the association of HRS with the state Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services and increasing identification with the stations. Sang had gotten the idea for using WXEL from the station's program manager, who had once worked at a Cleveland television station known as WXEL in the 1950s. In 1985, the station began morning broadcasting for the first time, having originally been an evening-only operation that later added afternoon telecasts.

Despite not being owned by the school board, WXEL radio and television continued to share the school board's office space in Boynton Beach. In 1985, the stations received a $3.2 million grant from the state of Florida to build a studio and offices somewhere in central Palm Beach County. The city of Boynton Beach deeded South Florida Public Telecommunications land elsewhere along Congress Avenue in 1986; Protests from nearby homeowners over a microwave tower at the site led to delays; ground was broken in May 1988, but during the process, the original general contractor and the insurance company associated with the work both defaulted, the latter resulting in a month-long halt to construction. The stations finally moved to the 35,000 square feet (3,300 m2) building in February 1990.

The relationship between WXEL and WPBT continued to be frosty, as the two outlets continued to see each other as competition. WPBT dwarfed WXEL in public contributions ($3.79 million to $374,000), income ($8.5 million to $1 million), and employees paid more than $30,000 a year (73 to 6). WPBT refused to sell WXEL its *Nightly Business Report*; the general manager of WPBT told *The Palm Beach Post*, "Does Burger King sell their hamburgers to McDonald's?" WXEL considered that the agreement that led to its construction permit—and a promise not to pursue channel 21 in Fort Pierce—was voided when WPBT lobbied for cuts to state funding. An affiliate of Palm Beach Atlantic College eventually obtained the channel 21 permit, for which WXEL at one point entered into negotiations to acquire. When negotiations with WXEL fell apart, the college began talking to WPBT, which led to criticism not only from WXEL but from others in West Palm Beach television. The general manager of WPTV wrote the president of Palm Beach Atlantic College in disapproval, stating, "It appears the Miami outlet's sole purpose is to maintain its fundraising trolling in the more affluent communities in the West Palm Beach/Fort Pierce market." Had WPBT been successful, WXEL would have been sandwiched between two signals from its competitor, one to the north and the other to the south. However, the WPBT effort also fell through; unbeknownst to the Community Television Foundation, most of the equipment used in operating WTCE-TV had been sold to the Trinity Broadcasting Network for capital, and in order to settle the debt with TBN, the college was forced to sell the station to the religious broadcaster. By 1993, WXEL held a permit to build low-power station W44AY in Fort Pierce to rebroadcast its programming. It broadcast from the former WTVX tower near the Indian RiverSt. Lucie county line.

### 1992 employee revolt

WXEL had a rocky 1990s, with one of the largest events in the decade being a revolt by employees. On January 15, 1992, employees called for the resignation of chairman Sang over what they felt was misuse of funds and the hiring of a fundraising chief, John Dover—without a national search—in such a way that it could have jeopardized the public station's status and broadcast license by violating equal employment opportunity laws. Of the 64 employees of South Florida Public Telecommunications, 50 signed on to a letter demanding his resignation. The board of members, which backed Sang, then fired and suspended employees. As employees hired a Boca Raton law firm to investigate the hiring process, a local sponsor withheld its support and joined calls for Sang's resignation. The president of America's Public Television Stations, which represents public stations nationwide, called the revolt an unprecedented event in public television. An investigation by *The Palm Beach Post*, scrutinizing records of South Florida Public Telecommunications, found excessive spending on conference tables (more than $10,000 as compared to $877 for a similar purchase by WMFE-TV in Orlando the year before), lavish parties for donors, and on a fundraiser paid $25,000 more than a more experienced person in the same position at WPBT.

On January 25, Sang stepped down temporarily while a panel appointed by the board led an inquiry into the stations' finances. The crisis dented a previously scheduled radio fund drive which only drew a third of the expected pledges, while at least one donor threatened to switch her support of public television to WPBT. At an eight-hour hearing held in WXEL's Studio A, Sang downplayed the grievances at play but referred to "anarchy, mutiny, and insubordination" in his testimony, while staff offered complaints ranging from gala events that failed to bring in significant money to funds spent on research studies and a request by Sang that the greeters for such events be "only white, preferably attractive women" on the station staff.

On February 20, the panel delivered its findings and requested Sang's resignation; one of the suspended employees was reinstated to her position. The same day, Dover, the fundraising chief hired by Sang, resigned. The latter took place after he was surrounded by volunteers in the hallway of the station, to the astonishment of others. With Sang out of the picture, fundraising drives were urgently held in order to pay for immediate expenses, including PBS programming; WXEL had lost more than 1,300 members, seven percent of its total base, in six weeks, and the first full fund drive fell short of its goal.

In the years following the revolt, turnover among WXEL's staff was high. From February 1993 to January 1997, more than 100 employees had left an organization with an average payroll about half that number. WPBT briefly discussed a merger with WXEL at the start of 1993, before Mary Souder was named as WXEL's new leader. The transmitter was struck by lightning in July 1994, and WXEL-TV broadcast at reduced power for years.

### Barry University ownership

In January 1997, negotiations were revealed to bring the WXEL stations under the aegis of Barry University, a Catholic university located in Miami Shores. The WXEL stations had suffered financially in the preceding years, with the lightning strike and cuts to federal and corporate grants resulting in a net loss of $400,000 in assets. A November 1996 financial report warned that either a merger or new revenue sources would be necessary to avoid cutbacks; at one point in 1994, the station's bank account held less than $2,000. For Barry, an attractive part of the merger was that it would provide publicity for the university in the West Palm Beach area. Three months prior, in October 1996, WXEL had mortgaged itself to Barry in exchange for a short-term $275,000 loan.

News of the Barry merger talks brought other potential bidders out of the woodwork. One of those was WPBT, whose advisory board for Palm Beach and Martin counties recommended proposing a buyout to WXEL, though it was unclear what would happen to WXEL-FM, which was sharing programming with Miami's WLRN-FM. WPBT touted the fact that it had more members in Palm Beach County than WXEL had total (20,500 to 13,000). A consortium of public universities under the Florida Board of Regents also made a bid on the stations. However, the WXEL board, in a hastily called meeting announced to the board by overnight mail, turned down both offers and voted to approve a merger with Barry University on January 24. The speed at which the merger was approved led to a rebuke by the editorial board of *The Palm Beach Post*, while the state government sent a request for information after the chancellor of the state university system wrote a letter to the Attorney General of Florida and the Florida Department of Education. Information sent in response to the request revealed that merger talks with Barry had begun in June 1996. In the meantime, Barry continued infusing cash into WXEL in order to prop up the public broadcaster: president Jeanne O'Laughlin expressed her belief that, without Barry's support, it "would not be in existence".

On February 18, the attorney general ruled that the Florida Cabinet, in its capacity as the state board of education, would have to approve WXEL's merger with Barry because it involved a state lease. The opinion from the attorney general found that a subsidiary created by Barry to facilitate the merger did not qualify as a state-authorized "educational or non-commercial broadcasting entity" to which the lease could be transferred. Three days later, Florida Atlantic University (FAU) and three community colleges formed a consortium seeking to run the WXEL stations for themselves. Governor Lawton Chiles suggested that Barry and the public college consortium share ownership of the stations; WXEL eyed public ownership warily, concerned that in a financial crush it would be among the first divisions to see cuts. The consortium led by FAU, in turn, had brought on WPBT to manage the stations in the event they got the licenses. Negotiations also began between FAU and Barry on a possible compromise. The Florida Cabinet voted unanimously to support such an ownership merger, though the plan continued to languish amid disputes over the shape of a partnership. In early June, Barry asked the Cabinet to approve outright ownership of WXEL by the Catholic university but came up one vote short on its first attempt, with the Cabinet asking it to return in August with a new plan.

Ultimately, the state schools failed to find enough money to become equal partners with Barry University, which in August 1997 became the full owner of the WXEL stations. Station president Souder was removed by the new management, while a $2.5 million donation by Dwayne Andreas, CEO of Archer Daniels Midland, erased all of WXEL's debt. Andreas and his wife were the largest single contributors to Barry University.

Barry tapped Jerry Carr, a longtime commercial television executive, to serve as the first permanent manager of the WXEL stations under its management. Carr's career in management had included being general manager of WBFS-TV in Miami, serving as the head of television operations for parent Grant Broadcasting System, and later managing WTVX while Paxson Communications Corporation managed it. Carr led an aggressive turnaround plan. The transmitter was repaired, restoring television coverage outside of Palm Beach County; Carr used must-carry laws to force WXEL onto every cable system in Broward County, within its coverage area, and even into Miami-Dade County, Florida; a public relations and marketing staff was hired; and several new local programs were started. These moves and others led to a doubling of prime time ratings and a 30-percent increase in memberships. However, the Barry merger voided the original lease WXEL had with Malrite for the WFLX tower, resulting in a fourfold increase in rent. The station was more competitive with WPBT in its battle for viewers and members, though WPBT still had more members in Palm Beach County and the Treasure Coast than WXEL had total, and the overlap continued to deny WXEL access to WPBT-produced programs and several national vendors. From 1997 to 2001, WXEL steadily climbed out of its debt, though a decline in corporate giving after the September 11 attacks led to financial losses in 2002 for the first time since the Barry merger.

Another task facing Barry as owner of WXEL-TV was replacing the station's aged equipment and raising funds for the transition to digital television. The National Telecommunications and Information Administration classed WXEL-TV in 1998 as having an "urgent" priority for an equipment overhaul, with many components being obsolete and replacement parts becoming harder to find. The station's digitalization capital campaign was kicked off in 2000 by a $1 million donation. Digital also brought a one-time bonus to WXEL. In 2003, it received $6.4 million, payable over 15 years, as part of a three-way settlement with Paxson Communications Corporation and NBC, as owner of WTVJ (channel 6), involving digital channel assignments in the Miami and West Palm Beach areas. WXEL began digital broadcasting on channel 27 on July 4, 2004.

### WNET sale attempt

At the age of 75, Jeanne O'Laughlin retired as president of Barry University in 2004; during this time, the full-time staff more than doubled, while the stations' list of large underwriters had grown from several dozen to more than 200. The change in university leadership, however, also prompted Barry University to investigate possibly spinning out or selling the WXEL stations. Yet again, suitors appeared for the stations: a group of community leaders; FAU; Nova Southeastern University; Educational Broadcasting Corporation (EBC), parent of WNET, the public television station serving New York City; and WPBT.

In April 2005, Barry selected a $5 million bid from the Educational Broadcasting Corporation, believed to be the first case of a PBS member station in one state purchasing a station in another; the Community Broadcasting Foundation of the Treasure Coast would in turn join the EBC bid. However, the next month, language inserted into the Florida state budget clouded the attempt by directing the state Board of Education, which would once more have to approve the deal, to prioritize "in-state public postsecondary institutions"—in other words, institutions such as FAU. The pending sale led to a decline in donations to WXEL itself. Even though the president of FAU would not block Barry's sale, the deal continued to languish for months, awaiting state approval. The Board of Education sought $1 million as a partial compensation for its investment in the stations over the years. The state ultimately approved after EBC agreed to allow FAU the use of an HD Radio subchannel on WXEL FM for student programming.

With the state of Florida approving of the sale, it fell to the FCC to grant the transfer of the licenses. However, by October 2007, this had still not taken place, though one West Palm Beach viewer had filed an informal objection with the FCC. Meanwhile, the station continued to suffer in donations and other logistical matters, such as repairs for damage from Hurricane Wilma.

In May 2008, Barry University and EBC terminated the sale agreement, more than three years after EBC had been selected to buy the WXEL stations. The FCC had privately expressed reservations about the ability of EBC to provide local control for the WXEL stations. Barry then reopened the sale process and called again for interested bidders. Despite looming budget cuts at the height of the Great Recession, the Palm Beach County school board voted in December 2008 to authorize negotiations to purchase the station. The school board sought partners to assist in its operation, but WPBT and the Community Broadcasting Foundation bristled at the level of control the school board wanted over the stations. Ultimately, however, the school board needed the money it would have used to buy WXEL to pay salaries and dropped its proposal.

During this time, on June 12, 2009, WXEL-TV shut off its analog signal. It continued to broadcast in digital on channel 27, using virtual channel 42.

### WXEL Public Broadcasting Corporation ownership

Barry began exploring the possibility of selling WXEL radio and television separately in 2009 and reached an agreement with Classical South Florida, a division of the American Public Media Group, to sell WXEL-FM. Also in 2010, Jerry Carr retired from the station, with Bernie Henneberg being named president.

In 2011, Henneberg and other station managers organized as the WXEL Public Broadcasting Corporation and made a proposal to Barry University to buy the station for $700,000. Negotiations with the group stretched into February 2012, when a final deal was reached. The $1.44 million transaction was approved by the Barry University board in March 2012; state approval swiftly followed, followed by the FCC in July, resulting in the sale being consummated late that month.

At its first operational meeting in January 2013, the new community board immediately sought to renegotiate its 2003 settlement with NBC so as to receive what it was owed sooner and use that to pay down debt used to purchase the station.

### Merger with WPBT

WPBT and WXEL, long competitors for viewers in Broward and Palm Beach counties, announced in July 2014 that they were once again exploring a merger, this time into an entity that would be known as South Florida PBS. In a joint news release, the stations cited precedent for public television mergers in New York City (WNET and WLIW) and Cincinnati and Dayton, Ohio (ThinkTV and CET); a merger would remove duplication between the two stations' programs, though there was concern about the sale of WXEL's spectrum.

On July 15, 2015, Community Television Foundation of South Florida and WXEL Public Broadcasting Corporation announced they had reached a merger agreement. The merger, which was formally filed with the FCC on July 16, would enable the two stations to pool resources and fundraising efforts to offer more program content. The merger was finalized in October 2015; WXEL president Henneberg became chief financial officer of the merged South Florida PBS.

In the 2016 United States wireless spectrum auction, South Florida PBS sold the spectrum of WXEL-TV for $4,696,299 and announced that WXEL-TV would move to the WPBT multiplex. The auction earnings would go toward paying down debt and educational projects. A third license was added to the channel share after South Florida PBS was donated WIMP-CD (now WURH-LD). The change to sharing with WPBT took place on August 22, 2018; since the transmitter was now much further south, many viewers in the West Palm Beach area experienced new difficulty receiving WXEL-TV. WXEL-TV's community of license was changed from West Palm Beach to Boynton Beach to continue to meet coverage requirements after the transmitter change. The WPBT multiplex itself was repacked from channel 18 to channel 29 in April 2019.

## Subchannels

Subchannels of WPBT, WXEL-TV, and WURH-LD
| License | Channel | Res. | Aspect | Short name | Programming |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| WPBT | 2.1 | 1080i | 16:9 | WPBT-HD | PBS |
| | | 2.2 | 480i | Create | Create |
| | | 2.3 | WPBTHC | The Health Channel |
| | | 2.4 | KIDS360 | South Florida PBS Kids |
| WXEL-TV | | 42.1 | 1080i | WXEL-DT | PBS |
| WURH-LD | | 13.1 | 480i | WURH | Simulcast WPBT-DT3 / The Health Channel |

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## InfoBox

WXEL-TV
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| City | Boynton Beach, Florida |
| Channels |  |
| Branding | South Florida PBS WXEL |
| Programming | |
| Affiliations | PBS |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | South Florida PBS, Inc. |
| Sister stations | WPBT, WURH-LD |
| History | |
| First air date | July 8, 1982 (1982-07-08) |
| Former call signs | * WWPF (CP, 1980–1982) * WHRS-TV (1982–1985) |
| Former channel number(s) | * **Analog:** 42 (UHF, 1982–2009) * **Digital:** 27 (UHF, 2004–2018), 18 (UHF, 2018–2019) |
| Call sign meaning | Excellence |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 61084 |
| ERP | 1,000 kW |
| HAAT | 306 m (1,004 ft) |
| Transmitter coordinates | 25°57′31″N 80°12′43″W / 25.95861°N 80.21194°W / 25.95861; -80.21194 |
| Translator(s) | W31DC-D Fort Pierce |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Website | www.wxel.org |


title: WXFT-DT

abstract: WXFT-DT is a television station licensed to Aurora, Illinois, United States, serving as the Chicago-area outlet for the Spanish-language network UniMás. It is owned and operated by TelevisaUnivision alongside Joliet-licensed Univision station WGBO-DT. The two stations share studios on Fairbanks Court in the Streeterville neighborhood. Through a channel sharing agreement with ABC owned-and-operated station WLS-TV, WXFT-DT transmits using WLS-TV's spectrum from an antenna atop the Willis Tower.

text:
# WXFT-DT

**WXFT-DT** (channel 60) is a television station licensed to Aurora, Illinois, United States, serving as the Chicago-area outlet for the Spanish-language network UniMás. It is owned and operated by TelevisaUnivision alongside Joliet-licensed Univision station WGBO-DT (channel 66). The two stations share studios on Fairbanks Court (near Columbus Drive and Illinois Street) in the Streeterville neighborhood. Through a channel sharing agreement with ABC owned-and-operated station WLS-TV (channel 7), WXFT-DT transmits using WLS-TV's spectrum from an antenna atop the Willis Tower.

## History

### Prior history of channel 60 in Chicago

The UHF channel 60 allocation to Aurora was originally occupied by WLXT-TV, which broadcast from May 16, 1969, to July 17, 1970. WLXT was an independent station that abruptly closed after 14 months of attempting to serve its suburban coverage area, but it was notable for the people that passed through it, particularly news director Christine Lund, who became a well-known news anchor in Los Angeles, and Tom Skilling, longtime chief meteorologist at WGN-TV (channel 9), who got his start in television broadcasting at WLXT and presented daily weather forecasts for the station during his junior year of high school.

### WPWR-TV/WBBS-TV timeshare

When applications for channel 60 were reopened in 1978, considerable interest was attracted. Several applicants proposed a new Spanish-language television station, including the Spanish International Network (which ended up applying for channel 66 instead) and a local group headed by Marcelino Miyares, the owner of Spanish-language advertising agency OMAR. The Miyares group became known as Hispanic American Television–Chicago and eventually HATCO-60 when it merged with competing applicant Aurora-Chicago Telecasters, Inc. The FCC received five proposals, three of which were designated for hearing by the FCC in July 1980: HATCO-60 (specifying West Chicago); Metrowest Corporation, specifying Aurora; and the College of DuPage, for Glen Ellyn.

In late 1981, HATCO-60 and Metrowest agreed to a shared-time agreement. Under the agreement, Metrowest would broadcast daily from 2:30 a.m. to 7 p.m., while the Hatco-60 station would broadcast daily from 7 p.m. to 2:30 a.m., giving channel 60 the distinction of being the only split-licensed station in the United States (and the first to operate in more than 20 years).

With the arrangement in place, the two stations signed on in April 1982, sharing transmitter facilities atop the Sears Tower. Eychaner signed on independent station WPWR-TV.

At the same time WPWR debuted, Miyares signed on WBBS-TV (a call sign assigned to the station by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) over the objections of CBS owned-and-operated station WBBM-TV, channel 2), which maintained a Spanish-language entertainment format as a founding affiliate of NetSpan (which would evolve into Telemundo in 1987). WBBS featured various programming aimed at Hispanic audiences including local news programming, telenovelas and variety series as well as other locally produced shows, such as the popular music video program *Imagen*, hosted by local Spanish-language television personality (and now media executive) Rey Mena and Vivianne Plazas. One of the notable events for WBBS occurred in 1983, when the station introduced the Latin teen pop group Menudo (which included a young Ricky Martin), to Chicago's Latino community. The station's primary competitor was WCIU-TV (channel 26, now a CW affiliate), which was then a part-time affiliate of the Spanish International Network (the forerunner to the present-day Univision).

Both stations shared one critical piece of programming: a new subscription television service called SportsVision (a companion service to ON TV), which Eychaner and Miyares had developed through a deal with Chicago White Sox co-owners Jerry Reinsdorf and Eddie Einhorn. In order to access the service, viewers had to purchase a set-top descrambling converter and pay a monthly subscription fee in order to view sporting events such as White Sox games. However, SportsVision achieved little success on WPWR/WBBS-TV and converted into a cable channel in January 1984. With SportsVision removed from the station, WPWR ran public domain movies, cartoons and classic sitcoms from the early to mid-1950s to fill its schedule. In 1984, more popular classic sitcoms and newer barter cartoons were mixed into the lineup.

In 1984, Eychaner acquired the construction permit for WDAI, a proposed station that would be licensed to Gary, Indiana and broadcast on UHF channel 56, for $1.5 million. The permit had been held by a group of Indiana businessmen doing business as GWWX-TV and later Great Lakes Broadcasting. The WDAI construction permit had existed since 1982, but short-spacing concerns to channel 60 and to two allocations in southeast Wisconsin had meant channel 56 could not be placed on the Sears Tower; this finding crippled a previous attempt to build the allocation as WGMI in 1968. However, another channel allocated to Gary could: channel 50, which as educational station WCAE had folded the previous year due to financial problems. The license was transferred to Northwest Indiana Public Broadcasting, but NIPB was not able to reactivate the station from improved facilities without an infusion of resources. Eychaner paid $684,000 to Northwest Indiana Public Broadcasting, giving it the funding it needed to build its facility, if it would switch allocations with WDAI. The move had been initially designed to potentially allow WBBS-TV to go full-time on channel 60, but the loss of NetSpan affiliation doomed those plans. In August 1986, the commission issued final orders switching the commercial and noncommercial allocations for Gary. This allowed Metrowest to proceed with its plan of moving the WPWR-TV intellectual unit from channel 60 to channel 50 while selling the channel 60 license; the noncommercial allocation shifted to channel 56, which signed on as WYIN on November 15, 1987.

### HSN/USA Networks ownership

In the spring of 1985, WSNS-TV (channel 44) ended its five-year run as an affiliate of the ON TV subscription service and announced that it would affiliate with SIN. In response to losing access to SIN programming, WCIU chose to align with NetSpan, which in turn sent WBBS-TV into a tailspin. In October 1985, Eychaner purchased a financially struggling WBBS-TV for $11 million. At that moment, WPWR took over the weekday hours held by WBBS; channel 60 continued to broadcast on weekend evenings until August 1986, when the sale was approved. Channel 50 was ready to sign on as a commercial outlet by October 1986, at which point Eychaner then sold the channel 60 allocation to the Home Shopping Network for $25 million. HSN, which owned the station through its Silver King Television arm, changed the station's call letters to **WEHS** (originally planned to be changed to WHSI). WPWR moved to channel 50 on January 17, 1987, at which time the channel 60 signed on as an HSN owned-and-operated station, with its only diversions from the master HSN schedule being the minimum fulfillment of local and educational programming requirements.

Barry Diller—then-owner of USA Network—acquired Silver King Communications in November 1995; the sale was finalized on December 19, 1996, ten months after its March 11 approval by the FCC. By 1998, the company rebranded as USA Broadcasting after merging with the TV assets of Universal Pictures. In 1999, USA Broadcasting began converting its stations into a general entertainment independent format called "CityVision" and WEHS was slated to convert to this format infusing locally produced and syndicated programming along with live sports content; with the station likely to have become "Windy 60" under new WNDE calls (both referencing Chicago's nickname, "The Windy City")

### Univision Communications ownership

However, before the proposed conversion into an independent station could occur, the plans were put on ice after USA Broadcasting announced that it would sell off its television station group in 2000. One of the two prospective buyers for the group was The Walt Disney Company (had Disney's bid been successful, it would have created the market's first television duopoly with ABC owned-and-operated station WLS-TV); however, Disney was outbid by Spanish-language broadcaster Univision Communications, which purchased the USA Broadcasting stations for $1.1 billion on December 7, 2000; the sale was finalized on May 21, 2001. As a result, channel 60 changed its call letters to WXFT, and became a charter owned-and-operated station of Univision's new 2nd network, Telefutura (later rebranded to UniMás), when that network launched on January 14, 2002.

WXFT's 5,000,000-watt transmitter malfunctioned in the early hours of December 6, 2006, causing an alarm which forced action by the Chicago Fire Department to extinguish the smoldering equipment. The transmitter was destroyed, leaving only half of its power available. The station still remained available via cable fed via a direct connection from the station. A new transmitter was commissioned on January 11, 2007, which restored normal operations.

WXFT shut down its analog signal, over UHF channel 60, on June 12, 2009, the official deadline for full-power television stations in the United States to convert from full-time analog to full-time digital broadcasts under federal mandate. The station's digital signal moved from its pre-transition UHF channel 59 to channel 50, using virtual channel 60.

In December 2009, WXFT and sister station WGBO, along with most of Univision's other owned-and-operated stations, upgraded their main digital channels to transmit in 16:9 1080i high definition in preparation for the launches of Univision and Telefutura's HD feeds which launched in 2010.

On April 13, 2017, station owner Univision Communications announced the over-the-air spectrum of WXFT-DT was sold in the FCC's spectrum reallocation auction for $126.1 million. In January 2016, the ABC Owned Television Stations group, owners of WLS-TV announced they will enter into a channel sharing agreement with Univision for WXFT. While WXFT-DT did not go off the air, it began to share spectrum with WLS-TV in June 2017.

## Subchannels

Subchannels of WLS-TV and WXFT-DT
| License | Channel | Res. | Aspect | Short name | Programming |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| WLS-TV | 7.1 | 720p | 16:9 | WLS-HD | ABC |
| | | 7.2 | 480i | LOCLish | Localish |
| | | 7.3 | CHARGE | Charge! |
| WXFT-DT | | 60.1 | 720p | WXFT-DT | UniMás |
| | | 60.2 | 480i | ESCAPE | Ion Mystery |
| | | 60.3 | Quest | Quest |

## InfoBox

WXFT-DT
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| City | Aurora, Illinois |
| Channels |  |
| Branding | UniMás Chicago |
| Programming | |
| Affiliations |  |
| Ownership | |
| Owner |  |
| Sister stations | WGBO-DT, WOJO, WPPN, WVIV-FM |
| History | |
| First air date | April 20, 1982 (1982-04-20) |
| Former call signs | * WBBS-TV / WPWR-TV (1982–1987) * WEHS (1987–1992) * WEHS-TV (1992–2001) * WXFT (2001–2003) * WXFT-TV (2004–2009) |
| Former channel number(s) | * **Analog:** 60 (UHF, 1982–2009) * **Digital:** 59 (UHF, 2006–2009), 50 (UHF, 2009–2017), 44 (UHF, 2017–2019) |
| Former affiliations | Spanish Ind. (1982–1987)<br>HSN (1987–2002) |
| Call sign meaning | C("X")hicago/Xtreme Telefutura (WCFT was already in use at the time of assignment) |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 60539 |
| ERP | 1,000 kW |
| HAAT | 518 m (1,699 ft) |
| Transmitter coordinates | 41°52′44″N 87°38′8″W / 41.87889°N 87.63556°W / 41.87889; -87.63556 |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Website | UniMás |


title: WQAZ-LP

abstract: WQAZ-LP is a Variety formatted broadcast radio station licensed to Edmond, West Virginia and serving Central Fayette County, West Virginia. WQAZ-LP is owned and operated by The Syner Foundation.

text:
# WQAZ-LP

**WQAZ-LP** is a Variety formatted broadcast radio station licensed to Edmond, West Virginia and serving Central Fayette County, West Virginia. WQAZ-LP is owned and operated by The Syner Foundation.

## Fined

On February 26, 2015, The Syner Foundation, owner of WQAZ-LP, was fined $16,000 by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) for "broadcast\[ing\] announcements that promoted the products, services or businesses of its financial contributors."

## InfoBox

WQAZ-LP
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Broadcast area | Central Fayette County, West Virginia |
| Frequency | 98.5 FM MHz |
| Programming | |
| Format | Variety |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | The Syner Foundation |
| History | |
| First air date | March 15, 2005 |
| Former call signs | WWAR-LP (2003–2003) |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 134635 |
| Class | L1 |
| Power | 5 Watts |
| HAAT | 126 meters (413 ft) |
| Transmitter coordinates | 38°3′37.0″N 80°59′34.0″W / 38.060278°N 80.992778°W / 38.060278; -80.992778 |
| Links | |
| Public license information | LMS |


title: WQBE-FM

abstract: WQBE-FM is one of three Charleston, West Virginia Country FM radio stations. WQBE is owned by Bristol Broadcasting Company of Bristol, Virginia, with a "twin" radio station WXBQ-FM in that area. WQBE also has another "twin" station WKYQ-FM in Paducah, Kentucky also owned by Bristol Broadcasting. WQBE broadcasts with an ERP of 50,000 watts. According to Bristol Broadcasting Company's website, WQBE's listening audience is strong in the 18 to 49, and 25 to 54 demographic ranges.

text:
# WQBE-FM

**WQBE-FM** (97.5 MHz) is one of three Charleston, West Virginia Country FM radio stations. WQBE is owned by Bristol Broadcasting Company of Bristol, Virginia, with a "twin" radio station WXBQ-FM in that area. WQBE also has another "twin" station WKYQ-FM in Paducah, Kentucky also owned by Bristol Broadcasting. WQBE broadcasts with an ERP of 50,000 watts. According to Bristol Broadcasting Company's website, WQBE's listening audience is strong in the 18 to 49 (male and female), and 25 to 54 (male and female) demographic ranges.

## History

The station was established as WKNA-FM on July 6, 1948. The call sign was changed to WKAZ-FM on August 5, 1957. The station was bought by the Bristol Broadcasting Company on September 21, 1971. The call sign was changed again to WQBE-FM on November 11, 1974, according to FCC microfiche files. On October 14, 1983, WKAZ/950 ended its own format and identity and assumed a simulcast of the WQBE-FM signal and thus became WQBE (AM).

1. "Facility Technical Data for WQBE-FM". *Licensing and Management System*. Federal Communications Commission.

## InfoBox

WQBE-FM
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Broadcast area | Charleston MSA |
| Frequency | 97.5 MHz |
| Branding | 97.5 WQBE |
| Programming | |
| Format | Country |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Bristol Broadcasting Company |
| Sister stations | WBES, WEMM-FM, WNRJ, WVSR-FM, WVTS, WYNL |
| History | |
| First air date | July 6, 1948 |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 6875 |
| Class | B |
| ERP | 50,000 watts |
| HAAT | 152 meters |
| Transmitter coordinates | 38°24′22.0″N 81°43′26.0″W / 38.406111°N 81.723889°W / 38.406111; -81.723889 |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Webcast | Listen Live |
| Website | wqbe.com |


title: Wade Kapszukiewicz

abstract: Wade Kapszukiewicz is an American politician currently serving as the 64th mayor of Toledo, Ohio. A member of the Democratic Party, he was previously the treasurer of Lucas County, Ohio.

text:
# Wade Kapszukiewicz

**Wade Kapszukiewicz** (/ˌkæpsəˈkɛvɪ/ *KAP-sə-KEV-itch*; born October 30, 1972) is an American politician currently serving as the 64th mayor of Toledo, Ohio. A member of the Democratic Party, he was previously the treasurer of Lucas County, Ohio.

## Early life and education

Kapszukiewicz has Polish origin. He was born in San Diego, California, where his father was stationed in the U.S. Navy. After his father's service ended, the family moved back to Toledo. Kapszukiewicz earned a bachelor's degree in journalism and political science from Marquette University in 1994 and was named the valedictorian of the College of Communication, Journalism, and Performing Arts. He received a master's degree in public policy from the University of Michigan in 1996.

## Career

### Early elected office

Kapszukiewicz was the Lucas County treasurer from 2005 until 2018. While treasurer, he worked to change state law in 2010 to allow for the creation of county land bank. He founded the Lucas County Land Bank and was its chairman from 2010 to 2019. He spent one term on the Lucas County Board of Education and was later a Toledo city councilman for nearly seven years. He was first elected to City Council in 1999 and then re-elected in 2001 and 2003. Aged 26, he was the youngest member of the legislative body in 25 years.

### Mayor of Toledo

In his first term as mayor, Kapszukiewicz achieved all of his administration’s top goals. He successfully:

* created a regional water system, ensuring long-term affordable water rates while sharing decision-making authority with suburban partners,
* increased the size of the police force,
* restored discipline to the city’s budget, turning a $3 million dollar deficit into a more than $40 million surplus, even in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic,
* improved educational opportunities for Toledo’s youngest residents through the Hope Toledo partnership at no additional cost to taxpayers,
* improved delivery of city services, such as increasing the number of roads repaired annually by nearly 15-fold,
* presided over a period of strong economic growth in Toledo, resulting in *Site Selection* magazine naming Toledo "first in the nation for economic development among mid-sized cities in 2020",
* launched a monthly "Wednesdays with Wade" public meetings series and corresponding a *Wednesdays with Wade* newsletter to encourage greater transparency in city government, reaching more than 60,000 residents weekly.

During his second term, Kapszukiewicz's work has focused on investing resources and implementing the Toledo Recovery Plan. Among other improvements, the plan has continued to increase the size of safety forces, makes historic investments in youth programming and summer jobs, builds a YMCA in a historically disinvested neighborhood in the central city, creates new affordable housing, demolishes and rehabilitates blighted properties and improves and enhances city parks.

### Work outside government

After receiving his master's degree, Kapszukiewicz worked for two years as the policy analysis and research director of the New Ohio Institute, a public policy research organization that studied issues affecting Ohio's urban areas. In April 1998, he accepted the position of manager of planning and development at the Lucas County Mental Health Board, where he worked until he became a member of Toledo City Council. While on the council, he taught a course in American government at Owens Community College and also worked at COMPASS, a social service agency that works with people with drug and alcohol addictions. Kapszukiewicz has been an adjunct professor at Lourdes University where he taught courses in urban policy.

### Recognitions and awards

Kapszukiewicz was recognized in 2006 as a "20 Under 40" community leader and, in 2010, ESOP gave him its “Above and Beyond” award. In 2012, he was again honored by ESOP, this time earning its “Rooted in ESOP” award. The Toledo City Paper named him one of its "Big Idea Toledoans" in 2014 for his work creating and leading the Lucas County Land Bank, and again in 2018 for his commitment to pursue an ambitious agenda as mayor. In 2021, the U.S. Global Leadership Coalition awarded Kapszukiewicz its Global Statesman Award for his advocacy. In 2022, he was selected to participate in the Bloomberg Harvard City Leadership Initiative's sixth class of mayors.

An avid baseball fan, Kapszukiewicz has had his research published in the spring 2016 edition of the Society for American Baseball Research's journal.

## Personal life

Kapszukiewicz is a parishioner at Gesu Roman Catholic Church. He and his wife, Sarah, were married in 2001. They live in the Old Orchard neighborhood of Toledo and have two children, Emma and Will.

## Electoral history

Kapszukiewicz was first elected mayor of Toledo on November 7, 2017, defeating the incumbent mayor, Paula Hicks-Hudson. He received over 55 percent of the vote, winning by an 11 percent margin.

On November 2, 2021, Kapszukiewicz overwhelmingly won a second term by defeating the former mayor, Carty Finkbeiner, winning by a record margin with 68.9 percent of the vote. The previous record was set in 2005 when Finkbeiner himself defeated incumbent Jack Ford with 61.8 percent of the vote.

### 2017

Mayor of Toledo, General Election, 2017
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **Wade Kapszukiewicz** | **28,546** | **55.45** |
|  | Democratic | Paula Hicks-Hudson (inc.) | 22,930 | 44.55 |
| Total votes | | | **51,476** | **100** |

### 2021

Mayor of Toledo, General Election, 2021
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **Wade Kapszukiewicz (inc.)** | **24,061** | **68.91** |
|  | Democratic | Carty Finkbeiner | 10,377 | 29.72 |
| Total votes | | | **34,438** | **100** |

Wade Kapszukiewicz at Ballotpedia

## InfoBox

| Wade Kapszukiewicz | |
| --- | --- |
| Wade Kapszukiewicz speaking at a 2019 U.S Conference of Mayors meeting | |
|  | |
| 64th Mayor of Toledo | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
January 2, 2018 | |
| Preceded by | Paula Hicks-Hudson |
| Treasurer of Lucas County, Ohio | |
| **In office**
2005–2018 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1972-10-30) October 30, 1972
San Diego, California, U.S. |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse | Sarah Weglian (m. 2001) |
| Children | 2 |
| Education | Marquette University (BA)
University of Michigan (MPP) |
| Website | Campaign website
Official website |
|  | |


title: Wainwright Prize

abstract: The Wainwright Prize is a literary prize awarded annually for the best work of general outdoors, nature and UK-based travel writing. In 2020 it was split into the Wainwright Prize for UK nature writing and the Wainwright Prize for writing on global conservation, with separate longlists and judging panels. It is restricted to books published in the UK. For three years from 2022 the prizes will be sponsored by Kendal paper-makers James Cropper plc and known as the James Cropper Wainwright Prizes. A prize for writing for children was introduced in 2022, the three prizes being the James Cropper Wainwright Prize for Nature Writing, the James Cropper Wainwright Prize for Writing on Conservation and the James Cropper Wainwright Prize for Children's Writing on Nature and Conservation. The prize celebrates the legacy of British guidebook writer Alfred Wainwright. The prize was established by Frances Lincoln Publishers and The Wainwright Society, in association with the National Trust. It was originally sponsored by Thwaites Brewery, who produced a beer called Wainwright Ale and was later sponsored by Marston's Brewery, who took over Thwaites' production of Wainwright Golden Beer, and sometimes referred to as The Wainwright Golden Beer Book Prize. In 2020 the prize was no longer sponsored, but was supported by an anonymous benefactor and was "in association with the National Trust". In 2021 the Kendal papermakers James Cropper plc became the prize's "headline sponsors" in a three-year agreement. In 2024 it was announced that the prize would be seeking new sponsorship. The prize was first awarded in 2014 to Hugh Thomson for his The Green Road into the Trees: A Walk through England. The winner received a cheque for £5,000. With the introduction of two prizes in 2020 the prize money was shared between the two winners, and in 2022 it was increased to £7,500 to be shared between the three winners.

text:
# Wainwright Prize

The **Wainwright Prize** is a literary prize awarded annually for the best work of general outdoors, nature and UK-based travel writing. In 2020 it was split into the **Wainwright Prize for UK nature writing** and the **Wainwright Prize for writing on global conservation**, with separate longlists and judging panels. It is restricted to books published in the UK. For three years from 2022 the prizes will be sponsored by Kendal paper-makers James Cropper plc and known as the **James Cropper Wainwright Prizes**. A prize for writing for children was introduced in 2022, the three prizes being the **James Cropper Wainwright Prize for Nature Writing**, the **James Cropper Wainwright Prize for Writing on Conservation** and the **James Cropper Wainwright Prize for Children's Writing on Nature and Conservation**.

The prize celebrates the legacy of British guidebook writer Alfred Wainwright. The prize was established by Frances Lincoln Publishers and The Wainwright Society, in association with the National Trust. It was originally sponsored by Thwaites Brewery, who produced a beer called Wainwright Ale and was later sponsored by Marston's Brewery, who took over Thwaites' production of Wainwright Golden Beer, and sometimes referred to as  **The Wainwright Golden Beer Book Prize**. In 2020 the prize was no longer sponsored, but was supported by an anonymous benefactor and was "in association with the National Trust". In 2021 the Kendal papermakers James Cropper plc became the prize's "headline sponsors" in a three-year agreement. In 2024 it was announced that the prize would be seeking new sponsorship.

The prize was first awarded in 2014 to Hugh Thomson for his *The Green Road into the Trees: A Walk through England*. The winner received a cheque for £5,000. With the introduction of two prizes in 2020 the prize money was shared between the two winners, and in 2022 it was increased to £7,500 to be shared between the three winners.

## Winners and shortlisted titles

In the following table, the years correspond to the date of the ceremony, rather than when the book was first published. Entries with a blue background and an asterisk (\*) next to the writer's name have won the award; those with a pale background are the other nominees on the shortlist.

*   Winners

| Year | Author | Book | Publisher | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2014 | Hugh Thomson * | *The Green Road Into The Trees: A Walk through England* |  |  |
| | Simon Armitage | *Walking Home* |  |  |
| | Patrick Barkham | *Badgerlands* |  |  |
| | Charlotte Higgins | *Under Another Sky* |  |  |
| | Robert Macfarlane | *The Old Ways* |  |  |
| | Esther Woolfson | *Field Notes from a Hidden City* |  |  |
|
| 2015 | John Lewis-Stempel * | *Meadowland* |  |  |
| | Richard Askwith | *Running Free: A Runner's Journey Back to Nature* |  |  |
| | William Atkins | *The Moor* |  |  |
| | Mark Cocker | *Claxton: Field Notes from a Small Planet* |  |  |
| | Helen Macdonald | *H is for Hawk* |  |  |
| | Philip Marsden | *Rising Ground: A Search for the Spirit of Place* |  |  |
|
| 2016 | Amy Liptrot * | *The Outrun* |  |  |
| | Rob Cowen | *Common Ground* |  |  |
| | Robert Macfarlane | *Landmarks* |  |  |
| | Michael McCarthy | *The Moth Snowstorm* |  |  |
| | Katharine Norbury | *The Fish Ladder* |  |  |
| | James Rebanks | *The Shepherd's Life* |  |  |
|
| 2017 | John Lewis-Stempel * | *Where Poppies Blow* |  |  |
| | Madeleine Bunting | *Love of Country* |  |  |
| | Simon Cooper | *The Otters' Tale* |  |  |
| | John Lewis-Stempel | *The Running Hare* |  |  |
| | Stephen Moss | Wild Kingdom |  |  |
| | Christopher Somerville | *The January Man* |  |  |
| | Clover Stroud | *The Wild Other* |  |  |
|
| 2018 | Adam Nicolson * | *The Seabird's Cry* |  |  |
| | Neil Ansell | *The Last Wilderness* |  |  |
| | Alys Fowler | *Hidden Nature* |  |  |
| | John Grindrod | *Outskirts* |  |  |
| | John Lister-Kaye | *The Dun Cow Rib* |  |  |
| | Robert Macfarlane and Jackie Morris | *The Lost Words* |  |  |
| | Raynor Winn | *The Salt Path* |  |  |
|
| 2019 | Robert Macfarlane * | *Underland* |  |  |
| | Julia Blackburn | *Time Song* |  |  |
| | Juliet Blaxland | *The Easternmost House* |  |  |
| | Mark Cocker | *Our Place* |  |  |
| | Kate Humble | *Thinking on My Feet* |  |  |
| | Isabella Tree | *Wilding* |  |  |
| | Luke Turner | *Out of the Woods* |  |  |
|
| 2020:
Global
Cons'n
 | Benedict Macdonald * | *Rebirding: Restoring Britain's Wildlife* |  |  |
| | Chris Goodall | *What We Need to Do Now* |  |  |
| | Julian Hoffman | *Irreplaceable* |  |  |
| | Helen Pilcher | *Life Changing: How Humans are Altering Life on Earth* |  |  |
| | Jeremy Purseglove | *Working With Nature* |  |  |
| | Carolyn Steel | *Sitopia: How Food Can Save the World* |  |  |
|
| 2020:
UK
Nature
Writing
 | Dara McAnulty * | *Diary of a Young Naturalist* |  |  |
| | Lamorna Ash | *Dark, Salt, Clear: Life in a Cornish Fishing Town* |  |  |
| | David Gange | *The Frayed Atlantic Edge* |  |  |
| | Patrick Laurie | *Native: Life in a Vanishing Landscape* |  |  |
| | Mike Parker | *On the Red Hill* |  |  |
| | Jini Reddy | *Wanderland: A Search for Magic in the Landscape* |  |  |
| | Brigit Strawbridge Howard | *Dancing with Bees: A Journey Back to Nature* |  |  |
|
| 2021:
Global
Cons'n
 | Merlin Sheldrake * | *Entangled Life* |  |  |
| | David Attenborough | *A Life on Our Planet* |  |  |
| | Cal Flyn | *Islands of Abandonment* |  |  |
| | Rebecca Giggs | *Fathoms: The World in the Whale* |  |  |
| | Dieter Helm | *Net Zero: How We Stop Causing Climate Change* |  |  |
| | Elizabeth Kolbert | *Under a White Sky* |  |  |
| 2021:
UK
Nature
Writing
 | James Rebanks * | *English Pastoral: An Inheritance* |  |  |
| | Charles Foster | *The Screaming Sky* |  |  |
| | Charlie Gilmour | *Featherhood* |  |  |
| | Marc Hamer | *Seed to Dust* |  |  |
| | Kerri ní Dochartaigh | *Thin Places* |  |  |
| | Anita Sethi | *I belong here* |  |  |
| | Raynor Winn | *The Wild Silence* |  |  |
|
| 2022:
Nature
Writing
 | James Aldred * | *Goshawk Summer: A New Forest Season Unlike Any Other* | Elliott & Thompson |  |
| | Nicola Chester | *On Gallows Down: Place, Protest and Belonging* | Chelsea Green |  |
| | Matthew Green | *Shadowlands: A Journey Through Lost Britain* | Faber & Faber |  |
| | Amy Liptrot | *The Instant* | Canongate |  |
| | Anna Fleming | *Time on Rock: A Climber’s Route into the Mountains* | Canongate |  |
| | Thomas Halliday | *Otherlands: A World in the Making* | Allen Lane |  |
| 2022:
Writing on
Conservation
 | Dan Saladino * | *Eating to Extinction: The World’s Rarest Foods and Why We Need to Save Them* | Jonathan Cape |  |
| | Alice Bell | *Our Biggest Experiment: A History of the Climate Crisis* | Bloomsbury Sigma |  |
| | Dave Goulson | *Silent Earth: Averting the Insect Apocalypse* | Vintage |  |
| | Oliver Milman | *The Insect Crisis: The Fall of the Tiny Empires That Run the World* | Atlantic Books |  |
| | George Monbiot | *Regenesis: Feeding the World Without Devouring the Planet* | Allen Lane |  |
| | Ben Rawlance | *The Treeline: The Last Forest and the Future of Life on Earth* | Jonathan Cape |  |
| | Lee Schofield | *Wild Fell: Fighting for Nature on a Lake District Hill Farm* | Doubleday |  |
|
| 2022:Children's
Writing on
Nature and
Conservation | Rob Sears * | *The Biggest Footprint: Eight billion Humans. One Clumsy Giant* | Canongate | illustrated by Tom Sears |
| | Katya Balen | *October, October* | Bloomsbury Children's Books |  |
| | Nicola Davies | *One World: 24 Hours on Planet Earth* | Walker Books |  |
| | Kiran Millwood Hargrave | *Julia and the Shark* | Orion Children’s Books | illustrated by Tom de Freston |
| | Melissa Harrison | *By Rowan and Yew* | Chicken House | illustrated by Angela Harding |
| | Ben Lerwill | *Around the World in 80 Trees* | Welbeck | illustrated by Kaja Kajfež |
| | Dara McAnulty | *Wild Child: A Journey Through Nature* | Macmillan Children's Books | illustrated by Barry Falls |
|
| 2023:
Nature
Writing
 | Amy-Jane Beer * | *The Flow: Rivers, Water and Wildness* | Bloomsbury |  |
| | Elizabeth-Jane Burnett | *Twelve Words for Moss* | Allen Lane |  |
| | Stephen Moss | *Ten Birds That Changed the World* | Faber |  |
| | Dorthe Nors | *A Line in the World: A Year on the North Sea Coast* | Pushkin | translated by Caroline Waight |
| | Katherine Rundell | *The Golden Mole: And Other Living Treasure* | Faber | illustrated by Talya Baldwin |
| | Amanda Thomson | *Belonging: Natural Histories of Place, Identity and Home* | Canongate |  |
| 2023:
Writing on
Conservation
 | Guy Shrubsole * | *The Lost Rainforests of Britain* | William Collins |  |
| | Keggie Carew | *Beastly: A New History of Animals and Us* | Canongate |  |
| | Charles Clover | *Rewilding the Sea: How to Save Our Oceans* | Ebury |  |
| | Sarah Langford | *Rooted: How Regenerative Farming Can Change the World* | Viking |  |
| | Fiona Mathews and Tim Kendall | *Black Ops and Beaver Bombing: Adventures with Britain’s Wild Mammals* | Oneworld |  |
| | Gaia Vince | *Nomad Century: How to Survive the Climate Upheaval* | Allen Lane |  |
|
| 2023:Children's
Writing on
Nature and
Conservation | Kiran Millwood Hargrave * | *Leila and the Blue Fox* | Chicken House | illustrated by Tom de Freston |
| | Nicola Davies | *Protecting the Planet: The Season of Giraffes* | Walker Books | illustrated by Emily Sutton |
| | Olaf Falafel | *Blobfish* | Walker Books |  |
| | M. G. Leonard | *Spark* | Walker Books |  |
| | Dara McAnulty | *A Wild Child’s Book of Birds* | MacmillanChildren’s Books | illustrated by Barry Falls |
| | Anna Wilson | *Grandpa and the Kingfisher* | Nosy Crow | illustrated by Sarah Massini |
|
| 2024:
Nature
Writing | Michael Malay * | *Late Light: The Secret Wonders of a Disappearing World* | Manila Press, Bonnier Books |  |
| | Marchelle Farrell | *Uprooting: From the Caribbean to the Countryside* | Canongate |  |
| | Kat Hill | *Bothy: In Search of Simple Shelter* | William Collins |  |
| | Alastair Humphreys | *Local: A Search for Nearby Nature and Wildness* | Faber |  |
| | Jessica J. Lee | *Dispersals: On Plants, Borders and Belonging* | Hamish Hamilton |  |
| | Olivia Laing | *The Garden Against Time: In Search of a Common Paradise* | Picador |  |
| | Rebecca Smith | *Rural: The Lives of the Working Class Countryside* | William Collins |  |
| 2024:
Writing on
Conservation
 | Helen Czerski * | *Blue Machine: How the Ocean Shapes Our World* | Torva, Transworld |  |
| | Oliver Franklin-Wallis | *Wasteland: The Dirty Truth About What We Throw Away, Where It Goes, and Why It Matters* | Simon & Schuster |  |
| | Chantal Lyons | *Groundbreakers: The Return of Britain’s Wild Boar* | Bloomsbury Wildlife |  |
| | Tori Tsui | *It’s Not Just You: How to Navigate Eco-Anxiety and the Climate Crisis* | Simon & Schuster, Gallery Books |  |
| | John Vaillant | *Fire Weather: A True Story From a Hotter World* | Sceptre, Hodder & Stoughton |  |
| | Sophie Yeo | *Nature’s Ghosts: The World We Lost and How to Bring it Back* | HarperNorth/ HarperCollins |  |
|
| 2024:
Children's
Writing on
Nature and
Conservation | Katya Balen * | *Foxlight* | Bloomsbury Children's |  |
| | Giselle Clarkson | *The Observologist* | Gecko Press |  |
| | Eoin Colfer and Andrew Donkin | *Global* | Hodder Children's Books | illustrated by Giovanni Rigano |
| | Nicola Davies | *Skrimsli* | Firefly Press | illustrated by Jackie Morris |
| | David Lindo | *Fly: A Child’s Guide to Birds and Where to Spot Them* | Magic Cat Publishing | illustrated by Sara Boccaccini Meadows |
| | Kiran Millwood Hargrave | *Geomancer: In The Shadow of the Wolf Queen* | Orion Children's Books |  |
| | Katherine Rundell | *Impossible Creatures* | Bloomsbury Children's |  |
| | Isabella Tree | *Wilding: How to Bring Wildlife Back* | Macmillan Children's Books | illustrated by Angela Harding |
|


title: Wald, Appenzell Ausserrhoden

abstract: Wald is a municipality in the canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden in Switzerland.

text:
# Wald, Appenzell Ausserrhoden

**Wald** (German pronunciation: \[valt\] ) is a municipality in the canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden in Switzerland.

## Geography

Wald has an area, as of 2006, of 6.8 km2 (2.6 sq mi). Of this area, 66% is used for agricultural purposes, while 28.4% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 5.4% is settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (0.1%) is non-productive (rivers, glaciers or mountains).

## Demographics

Wald has a population (as of 2020) of 882. In 2008 about 10.1% were foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years the population has decreased at a rate of -6.3%. Most of the population (as of 2000) speaks German (93.6%), with Serbo-Croatian being second most common (2.3%) and French being third (0.8%).

As of 2000, the gender distribution of the population was 51.3% male and 48.7% female. The age distribution, as of 2000, in Wald is; 94 people or 10.7% of the population are between 0–6 years old. 129 people or 14.6% are 6-15, and 50 people or 5.7% are 16-19. Of the adult population, 46 people or 5.2% of the population are between 20–24 years old. 231 people or 26.2% are 25-44, and 200 people or 22.7% are 45-64. The senior population distribution is 89 people or 10.1% of the population are between 65–79 years old, and 42 people or 4.8% are over 80.

In the 2007 federal election the FDP received 65.3% of the vote.

In Wald about 77.5% of the population (between age 25-64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a *Fachhochschule*).

Wald has an unemployment rate of 0.58%. As of 2005, there were 73 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 31 businesses involved in this sector. 133 people are employed in the secondary sector and there are 16 businesses in this sector. 88 people are employed in the tertiary sector, with 29 businesses in this sector.

The historical population is given in the following table:

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1980 | 695 |  |
| 1990 | 851 | +22.4% |
| 2000 | 894 | +5.1% |
| 2005 | 874 | −2.2% |
| 2007 | 875 | +0.1% |

## InfoBox

| Wald | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location of Wald | |
| WaldWald | |
| Coordinates: 47°25′N 9°29′E / 47.417°N 9.483°E / 47.417; 9.483 | |
| Country | Switzerland |
| Canton | Appenzell Ausserrhoden |
| District | n.a. |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Edith Beeler |
| Area | |
| Total | 6.82 km2 (2.63 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 962 m (3,156 ft) |
| Population (31 December 2018) | |
| Total | 877 |
| Density | 130/km2 (330/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (Central European Time) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (Central European Summer Time) |
| Postal code(s) | 9044 |
| SFOS number | 3036 |
| ISO 3166 code | CH-AR |
| Surrounded by | Heiden, Oberegg (AI), Rehetobel, Trogen |
| Website | www.wald.ar.ch
SFSO statistics |


title: Waldley

abstract: Waldley is a hamlet in Derbyshire, England. It is located 2 miles (3.2 km) north of Doveridge. Waldley has had many spellings, let alone pronunciations. Pronounced as Walled-lee... It was originally spelt as Wardley, but it is believed that the OS Mappers mis-wrote it and it then forever came Waldley. The hamlet is part of the Derbyshire Dales constituency, and the current MP is the Conservative Sarah Dines.

text:
# Waldley

**Waldley** is a hamlet in Derbyshire, England. It is located 2 miles (3.2 km) north of Doveridge.

Waldley has had many spellings, let alone pronunciations. Pronounced as Walled-lee... It was originally spelt as Wardley, but it is believed that the OS Mappers mis-wrote it and it then forever came Waldley.

The hamlet is part of the Derbyshire Dales constituency, and the current MP is the Conservative Sarah Dines.

## InfoBox

| Waldley | |
| --- | --- |
| Waldley. | |
| WaldleyLocation within Derbyshire | |
| Population | 14 \- 25 |
| OS grid reference | SK127370 |
| District |  |
| Shire county |  |
| Region |  |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | ASHBOURNE |
| Postcode district | DE6 |
|  | |
| Police | Derbyshire |
| Fire | Derbyshire |
| Ambulance | East Midlands |
|  | |
|


title: Sir Robert Dalzell, 1st Baronet

abstract: Sir Robert Dalzell, 1st Baronet (1639−1686), was a Scottish politician. Sir Robert was born in 1639 to the Honourable Sir John Dalzell and Agnes Nisbet. His paternal grandfather was Robert Dalzell, 1st Lord Dalzell. He first married Catherine Sandilands, daughter of Sir James Sandilands and Lady Agnes Carnegie, with whom he had one daughter. He married Lady Margaret Johnstone, daughter of James Johnstone, 1st Earl of Hartfell and Margaret Douglas, on 11 October 1654. He then married Violet Riddell, with whom he had three sons. Sir Robert held the office of Member of Parliament for the sheriffdom of Dumfries between 1665 and 1674, and again from 1681 to 1682. He held the office for the final time in 1685. He was created a Baronet of Glenae, Dumfries on 11 April 1666, in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia. He died in April 1686, and was succeeded in his baronetcy by his eldest son, Sir John Dalzell, 2nd Baronet. His grandson, Robert Dalzell, was eventually to succeed as the Earl of Carnwath.

text:
# Sir Robert Dalzell, 1st Baronet

**Sir Robert Dalzell, 1st Baronet** (1639−1686), was a Scottish politician.

Sir Robert was born in 1639 to the Honourable Sir John Dalzell and Agnes Nisbet. His paternal grandfather was Robert Dalzell, 1st Lord Dalzell. He first married Catherine Sandilands, daughter of Sir James Sandilands and Lady Agnes Carnegie, with whom he had one daughter. He married Lady Margaret Johnstone, daughter of James Johnstone, 1st Earl of Hartfell and Margaret Douglas, on 11 October 1654. He then married Violet Riddell, with whom he had three sons.

Sir Robert held the office of Member of Parliament for the sheriffdom of Dumfries between 1665 and 1674, and again from 1681 to 1682. He held the office for the final time in 1685.

He was created a Baronet of Glenae, Dumfries on 11 April 1666, in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia.

He died in April 1686, and was succeeded in his baronetcy by his eldest son, Sir John Dalzell, 2nd Baronet. His grandson, Robert Dalzell, was eventually to succeed as the Earl of Carnwath.


title: Rambleridge Park

abstract: Rambleridge Park was developed in the late 1970s at 11424 Fort Street in Omaha, Nebraska. The park includes a lagoon, walking trails, soccer fields and a large green space for miscellaneous activities. A small playground is located farther in the neighborhood and can be reached after a short walk. The park and green spaces throughout the neighborhood are maintained by the City of Omaha and the residents of the neighborhood. A large open area is often used by soccer teams that are practicing for upcoming games, frisbee throwers, golfers and baseball fans practicing their pitch. Parking for the park is limited to street parking or using the church parking lot,. The large open area is often used by soccer teams that are practicing for upcoming games, frisbee throwers, golfers and baseball fans practicing their pitch. The park gazebo can be reserved by contacting the city of Omaha Parks and Recreation department.

text:
# Rambleridge Park

**Rambleridge Park** was developed in the late 1970s at 11424 Fort Street in Omaha, Nebraska. The park includes a lagoon, walking trails, soccer fields and a large green space for miscellaneous activities. A small playground is located farther in the neighborhood and can be reached after a short walk. The park and green spaces throughout the neighborhood are maintained by the City of Omaha and the residents of the neighborhood.

A large open area is often used by soccer teams that are practicing for upcoming games, frisbee throwers, golfers and baseball fans practicing their pitch. Parking for the park is limited to street parking or using the church parking lot, (when available). The large open area is often used by soccer teams that are practicing for upcoming games, frisbee throwers, golfers and baseball fans practicing their pitch. The park gazebo can be reserved by contacting the city of Omaha Parks and Recreation department.

41°18′29″N 96°05′25″W / 41.30806°N 96.09028°W / 41.30806; -96.09028