title: MediaFLO

abstract: MediaFLO was a technology developed by Qualcomm for transmitting audio, video and data to portable devices such as mobile phones and personal televisions, used for mobile television. In the United States, the service powered by this technology was branded as FLO TV. Broadcast data transmitted via MediaFLO includes live, real time audio and video streams, as well as scheduled video and audio clips and shows. The technology could also carry Internet Protocol datacast application data, such as stock market quotes, sports scores, and weather reports. In October 2010, Qualcomm announced it was suspending new sales of the service to consumers. In December 2010, AT&T announced that it will purchase Qualcomm's FCC licenses in the 700 MHz band. FLO TV discontinued service on March 27, 2011.

text:
# MediaFLO

**MediaFLO** was a technology developed by Qualcomm for transmitting audio, video and data to portable devices such as mobile phones and personal televisions, used for mobile television. In the United States, the service powered by this technology was branded as **FLO TV**.

Broadcast data transmitted via MediaFLO includes live, real time audio and video streams, as well as scheduled video and audio clips and shows. The technology could also carry Internet Protocol datacast application data, such as stock market quotes, sports scores, and weather reports.

In October 2010, Qualcomm announced it was suspending new sales of the service to consumers. In December 2010, AT&T announced that it will purchase Qualcomm's FCC licenses in the 700 MHz band. FLO TV discontinued service on March 27, 2011.

## Overview

The "FLO" in MediaFLO stood for *Forward Link Only*, meaning that the data transmission path is one way, from the tower to the device. The MediaFLO system transmitted data on a frequency separate from the frequencies used by current mobile telephone networks. In the United States, the MediaFLO system used frequency spectrum 716-722 MHz, which had previously been allocated to UHF TV channel 55.01Nov2004 Qualcomm press release regarding 700 MHz spectrum usage for MediaFLO

FLO was standardized within ETSI as TS 102 589, and has components standardized within the Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA 1099, 1102, 1103, 1104, 1120, 1130, 1132, 1146 and 1178.)

MediaFLO was a competitor to the Korean T-DMB, the Japanese 1seg and the European DVB-H standards.

Qualcomm conducted MediaFLO technical trials internationally, with the intention of forming partnerships with existing multi-channel content providers and service operators, but has since discontinued development.

## Technology

The protocol was developed because of the inherent spectral inefficiency of unicasting high-rate full-motion video to multiple subscribers. Additionally, traditional analog television and over-the-air terrestrial digital television signals (DVB-T) were difficult to implement on mobile devices, due mostly to issues of power consumption. ATSC, used only by the United States and its neighbors, also has difficulty even with fixed reception due to multipath, and mobile ATSC-M/H (which is free-to-air from individual TV stations) was not finalized until 2008.

In addition, the transmission need not convey as high a resolution as would be needed for a larger display. MediaFLO streams are only 200-250 kbit/s, which would be insufficient for a larger screen size.

In the now defunct United States implementation, FLO was transmitted by a network of high-power broadcast transmitters operating at effective radiated powers as high as 50 kilowatts. This allowed for a coverage area of a transmitter to be as large as 30 to 40 kilometres (19 to 25 mi). The activation of many of these transmitters were delayed due to the official end of analog TV broadcasting on channel 55 being delayed. Immediately following the transition, the FLO network was expanded to several new markets, and coverage was enhanced in some existing ones.

The transmission was an encrypted OFDM set of QAM signals sent on a 5.55 MHz channel from 716-722 MHz (former UHF TV channel 55). The band was auctioned-off by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and known as the "Lower 700 MHz Block D". Qualcomm also bought, in a later auction, the use of former analog UHF TV channel 56 (722-728 MHz) in Boston, Los Angeles, New York, Philadelphia and San Francisco for additional services. However, this is owned by Manifest Wireless (a subsidiary of Dish Network's Frontier Wireless) in most other media markets, where ATSC-M/H signals were on air. All of the transmitters sent the same signal and used the same frequency, forming a single-frequency network. This allowed the mobile to decode the signal from more than one transmitter in the same way that it might if it was a multipath-delayed version from the same transmitter. All stations used callsign **WPZA237**, but each has an identifier indicating its group and number. For example, one station in the metro Atlanta media market was ATL-006, while another was ATL-014.

Some other operational parameters of MediaFLO are as follows:

| Parameter | Value |
| --- | --- |
| Total number of QAM sub-carriers | 4,096 |
| Number of guard sub-carriers | 96 |
| Number of pilot sub-carriers | 500 |
| Multicast Logical Channels (MLC) | 1-7 |
| Modulations used | QPSK (4 symbol constellations), 16QAM (16 symbols) |
| Spacing between sub-carriers | 1.355 kHz (5.55 MHz / 4,096 sub-carriers) |
| Modulated symbol (chip) duration | 0.18 μs (1/5.55 MHz) |
|

All of the bearer (data) traffic occurred within an MLC using the 3500 non-overhead subcarriers. The protocol also contemplates a certain amount of inter-symbol time spacing, to allow for the effects of multi-path transmission and reception.

| Parameter | Value |
| --- | --- |
| Total OFDM symbol interval (TS) | 833.33 μs |
| Bearer Data traffic (TU) | 738.02 μs |
| Window interval (TWGI) | 3.06 μs |
| Cyclic Prefix (TFGI) | 92.25 μs |

There is a window time TWGI included both before and after each OFDM symbol. However, since this window is shared between each two consecutive symbols, TS = TU \+ TWGI \+ TFGI.

## Commercial roll-out

### USA: FLO TV

In the U.S., all FLO television providers offered a set of 14 basic channels:

Adult Swim time-shares with 2.FLO, as it does on cable TV with Cartoon Network.

Additionally, the "FLO Preview Channel" was a free-to-view barker channel, available without subscription.

For conditional access, Verizon Wireless utilized its EVDO network to authenticate mobile handsets and provide the decryption keys necessary to decode the programming. Because of this, users who block data use to prevent unauthorized charge were also blocked from viewing any channels, including the preview channel.

There were 16 TV channels broadcast for Verizon. The additional Verizon channels include:

There were 16 TV channels broadcast for AT&T:AT&T Mobile TVThe additional AT&T channels are:

* CNN Live Mobile\*
* Crackle  showing a variety of movies\*

The standalone FLO TV Personal Television and FLO TV Automotive products also included CNN Live Mobile and Crackle.

### Trials

Some trials were underway in Japan, Hong Kong and Taiwan, with no commitment for a commercial phase. In France, Qualcomm tried unsuccessfully to convince TDF to choose MediaFLO technology. In the UK, British Sky Broadcasting conducted trials of MediaFLO in 2006.

## Devices

Devices featuring MediaFLO were introduced by LG and Samsung at CES 2006 in Las Vegas. On December 1, 2005 Verizon Wireless and Qualcomm announced a partnership for the launch of the MediaFLO network. Verizon launched the service commercially as part of its VCAST offering on March 1, 2007, marketing the MediaFLO-specific technology/service as "VCAST TV". A similar announcement was made by AT&T Mobility in February 2007. AT&T Mobility launched their MediaFLO service on May 4, 2008. The first non-phone TV-only devices were released in late 2009.

FLO TV was first offered on certain wireless phones offered by Verizon Wireless and AT&T Wireless.

In November 2009 FLO TV introduced the FLO TV Personal Television mobile device (model PTV-350).

## End of service

On July 21, 2010, Qualcomm CEO Paul Jacobs said the company planned to either sell its MediaFLO business or its spectrum, or to find a partner. The company had predicted the total cost to launch the service would be $800 million, including the $683 million the *San Diego Union-Tribune* says Qualcomm paid for the spectrum. At the time, the service covered as many as 68 million people, but many analysts confirmed that the project was losing money.

On October 5, 2010, Qualcomm signaled the end of the FloTV service by declaring that there would be no further sales of devices to consumers. Qualcomm indicated the service would be up and running through at least Spring 2011 but could be turned off at any point thereafter. The company said that the MediaFLO spectrum could be used for electronic magazines or newspapers, though such services could be offered alongside the existing broadcast channels. Qualcomm had even reached out to software developers for possible solutions.

On December 20, 2010, AT&T announced that it would purchase Qualcomm's FCC licenses in the 700 MHz band and that FLO TV service would be shut down on March 27, 2011. Qualcomm received $1.93 billion. Despite spending $132 million in the previous quarter on bolstering FLO TV, Qualcomm still made a profit on the sale, as it had originally paid $38 million for the former channel 55 and $558 million for the former channel 56.


title: Mechanical Bull Tour

abstract: The Mechanical Bull Tour was the third headlining tour by American rock band Kings of Leon. The tour was in support of their sixth studio album, Mechanical Bull (2013) and began on February 5, 2014, in Atlanta, and ended on March 15, 2015, in Santiago.

text:
# Mechanical Bull Tour

The **Mechanical Bull Tour** was the third headlining tour by American rock band Kings of Leon. The tour was in support of their sixth studio album, *Mechanical Bull* (2013) and began on February 5, 2014, in Atlanta, and ended on March 15, 2015, in Santiago.

## Background

The tour was first announced in October 2013. In November 2013, while in Australia, Caleb Followill confirmed to triple j's Veronica and Lewis that the band would be returning there in 2014 for the tour. In December 2013, dates for the second North America leg were announced. The third North America leg was announced on April 21, 2014 Due to an injury to Nathan Followill, eleven shows in August were canceled.

## Opening acts

## Setlist

1. "Charmer"
2. "Rock City"
3. "My Party"
4. "Temple"
5. "On Call"
6. "Family Tree"
7. "Closer"
8. "The Immortals"
9. "Back Down South"
10. "Wait for Me"
11. "Supersoaker"
12. "Milk"
13. "Pyro"
14. "Tonight"
15. "Radioactive"
16. "The Bucket"
17. "Don't Matter"
18. "Molly's Chambers"
19. "Four Kicks"
20. "Be Somebody"
21. "Notion"
22. "Cold Desert"
23. "Use Somebody"

Encore 1.
2. "Crawl"
3.
4. "Black Thumbnail"
5.
6. "Sex on Fire"

## Tour dates

| Date | City | Country | Venue |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| North America Leg 1 | | | |
| February 5, 2014 | Atlanta | United States | Philips Arena |
| February 7, 2014 | Nashville | | Bridgestone Arena |
| February 9, 2014 | Louisville | | KFC Yum! Center |
| February 11, 2014 | Auburn Hills | | The Palace of Auburn Hills |
| February 14, 2014 | New York City | | Madison Square Garden |
| February 15, 2014 | Uncasville | | Mohegan Sun Arena |
| February 18, 2014 | Columbus | | Schottenstein Center |
| February 19, 2014 | Philadelphia | | Wells Fargo Center |
| February 21, 2014 | Washington, D.C. | | Verizon Center |
| February 23, 2014 | London | Canada | Budweiser Gardens |
| February 24, 2014 | Montreal | | Bell Centre |
| February 26, 2014 | Toronto | | Air Canada Centre |
| February 28, 2014 | Boston | United States | TD Garden |
| March 5, 2014 | Kansas City | | Sprint Center |
| March 6, 2014 | Minneapolis | | Target Center |
| March 8, 2014 | Chicago | | United Center |
| March 19, 2014 | Phoenix | | Ak-Chin Pavilion |
| March 21, 2014 | Inglewood | | The Forum |
| March 25, 2014 | San Jose | | SAP Center |
| March 27, 2014 | Portland | | Moda Center |
| March 30, 2014 | Vancouver | Canada | Rogers Arena |
| April 1, 2014 | Calgary | | Scotiabank Saddledome |
| April 2, 2014 | Edmonton | | Rexall Place |
| April 4, 2014 | Saskatoon | | Credit Union Centre |
| April 8, 2014 | Tulsa | United States | BOK Center |
| April 10, 2014 | The Woodlands | | Cynthia Woods Mitchell Pavilion |
| April 11, 2014 | New Orleans | | Smoothie King Center |
| Asia | | | |
| May 28, 2014 | Dubai | United Arab Emirates | Atlantis, The Palm |
| Europe | | | | |
| May 31, 2014 | Newcastle upon Tyne | England | St James' Park |
| June 2, 2014 | Amsterdam | Netherlands | Ziggo Dome |
| June 4, 2014 | Hanover | Germany | Expo Plaza |
| June 9, 2014 | Zürich | Switzerland | Hallenstadion |
| June 11, 2014 | Wiesen | | Ottakringer Arena |
| June 13, 2014 | Warsaw | Poland | Orange Warsaw Festival |
| June 17, 2014 | Sheffield | England | Motorpoint Arena |
| June 18, 2014 | Manchester | | Phones 4u Arena |
| June 20, 2014 | Glasgow | Scotland | The SSE Hydro |
| June 22, 2014 | Milton Keynes | England | Milton Keynes Bowl |
| June 25, 2014 | Riga | Latvia | Meža Parks |
| July 2, 2014 | Swansea | Wales | Liberty Stadium |
| July 4, 2014 | Dublin | Ireland | Marlay Park |
| North America Leg 2 | | | |
| July 31, 2014 | Maryland Heights | United States | Verizon Amphitheater |
| August 1, 2014 | Clarkston | | DTE Energy Music Theatre |
| August 3, 2014 | Chicago | | Lollapalooza |
| August 5, 2014 | Toronto | Canada | Molson Canadian Amphitheatre |
| August 7, 2014 | Hartford | United States | Xfinity Theatre |
| August 9, 2014 | Mansfield | | Xfinity Center |
| September 3, 2014 | Virginia Beach | | Farm Bureau Live |
| September 5, 2014 | Tampa | | MidFlorida Credit Union Amphitheatre |
| September 6, 2014 | West Palm Beach | | Cruzan Amphitheatre |
| September 9, 2014 | Atlanta | | Aaron's Amphitheatre |
| September 10, 2014 | Birmingham | | Oak Mountain Amphitheatre |
| September 12, 2014 | Dallas | | Gexa Energy Pavilion |
| September 13, 2014 | Austin | | Austin360 Amphitheatre |
| September 16, 2014 | Charlotte | | PNC Music Pavilion |
| September 17, 2014 | Raleigh | | Walnut Creek Amphitheatre |
| September 24, 2014 | Morrison | | Red Rocks Amphitheatre |
| September 26, 2014 | Albuquerque | | Isleta Amphitheater |
| September 27, 2014 | Las Vegas | | MGM Grand Garden Arena |
| September 30, 2014 | Wheatland | | Sleep Train Amphitheatre |
| October 1, 2014 | Concord | | Concord Pavilion |
| October 3, 2014 | Los Angeles | | Hollywood Bowl |
| October 5, 2014 | Irvine | | Verizon Wireless Amphitheatre |
| October 11, 2014 | Guadalajara | Mexico | Arena VFG |
| October 12, 2014 | Mexico City | | Corona Capital |
| South America Leg 1 | | | |
| November 1, 2014 | São Paulo | Brazil | Circuito Banco do Brasil |
| November 8, 2014 | Rio de Janeiro | | |
| North America Leg 3 | | | |
| February 11, 2015 | Nashville | United States | SI Swimsuit |
| March 1, 2015 | Honolulu | | Neal S. Blaisdell Arena |
| South America Leg 2 | | | |
| March 13, 2015 | Bogotá | Colombia | Estéreo Picnic |
| March 15, 2015 | Santiago | Chile | Lollapalooza Chile |

Canceled shows * 8/10: Saratoga Springs, New York
* 8/13: Wantagh, New York
* 8/15: Bristow, Virginia
* 8/16: Bethel, New York
* 8/19: Darien, New York
* 8/20: Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio
* 8/22: Cincinnati, Ohio
* 8/23: Noblesville, Indiana
* 8/26: Gilford, New Hampshire
* 8/28: Holmdel, New Jersey
* 8/29: Burgettstown, Pennsylvania

## Box office score data

| Venue | City | Tickets sold / available | Gross revenue |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| The Palace of Auburn Hills | Auburn Hills | 5,954 / 13,185 | $263,380 |
| Wells Fargo Center | Philadelphia | 9,909 / 12,500 | $547,480 |
| Air Canada Centre | Toronto | 10,247 / 11,054 | $795,142 |
| Moda Center | Portland | 6,737 / 8,873 | $275,536 |
| Hallenstadion | Zurich | 12,405 / 13,000 | $1,239,060 |
| DTE Energy Music Theatre | Clarkston | 8,738 / 15,038 | $246,708 |
| Arena VFG | Guadalajara | 9,160 / 11,584 | $472,821 |
| **TOTAL** | | **63,150 / 85,234** | **$4,041,568** |

## Tour bus accident

On August 9, 2014, drummer Nathan Followill was injured in a tour bus accident. On their way to their hotel after their show in Mansfield, "a pedestrian jumped in front of their bus, causing the bus to stop short." Followill suffered from broken ribs. Due to the injury the band had to cancel eleven shows from August 10–31.

## InfoBox

Mechanical Bull Tour
| Worldwide tour by Kings of Leon | |
| --- | --- |
| Promotional poster for the tour | |
| Location | Worldwide |
| Associated album | *Mechanical Bull* |
| Start date | February 5, 2014 |
| End date | March 15, 2015 |
| Legs | 7 |
| No. of shows | 53 in North America
1 in Asia
12 in Europe
4 in South America
70 total |
| Kings of Leon concert chronology | |


title: Vérossaz

abstract: Vérossaz is a municipality in the district of Saint-Maurice, in the canton of Valais, Switzerland.

text:
# Vérossaz

**Vérossaz** is a municipality in the district of Saint-Maurice, in the canton of Valais, Switzerland.

## Geography

Vérossaz has an area, as of 2009, of 14.3 square kilometers (5.5 sq mi). Of this area, 3.57 km2 (1.38 sq mi) or 25.0% is used for agricultural purposes, while 6.79 km2 (2.62 sq mi) or 47.5% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 0.39 km2 (0.15 sq mi) or 2.7% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.07 km2 (17 acres) or 0.5% is either rivers or lakes and 3.5 km2 (1.4 sq mi) or 24.5% is unproductive land.

Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 1.8% and transportation infrastructure made up 0.8%. Out of the forested land, 35.6% of the total land area is heavily forested and 3.0% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 0.1% is used for growing crops and 11.6% is pastures and 13.2% is used for alpine pastures. All the water in the municipality is flowing water. Of the unproductive areas, 7.3% is unproductive vegetation and 16.7% is too rocky for vegetation.

## Coat of arms

The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is *Quartered Gules a Cross bottony Argent and Sable a Crown Or.*

## Demographics

Vérossaz has a population (as of December 2020) of 774. As of 2008, 6.4% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (2000–2010 ) the population has changed at a rate of 18.8%. It has changed at a rate of 19.8% due to migration and at a rate of 7% due to births and deaths.

Most of the population (as of 2000) speaks French (430 or 97.9%) as their first language, German is the second most common (3 or 0.7%) and English is the third (2 or 0.5%). and 1 person who speaks Romansh.

As of 2008, the population was 49.5% male and 50.5% female. The population was made up of 261 Swiss men (45.3% of the population) and 24 (4.2%) non-Swiss men. There were 276 Swiss women (47.9%) and 15 (2.6%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality, 231 or about 52.6% were born in Vérossaz and lived there in 2000. There were 110 or 25.1% who were born in the same canton, while 62 or 14.1% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 32 or 7.3% were born outside of Switzerland.

As of 2000, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 25.3% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 58.3% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 16.4%.

As of 2000, there were 178 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 218 married individuals, 18 widows or widowers and 25 individuals who are divorced.

As of 2000, there were 174 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.4 persons per household. There were 52 households that consist of only one person and 13 households with five or more people. In 2000, a total of 172 apartments (60.1% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 85 apartments (29.7%) were seasonally occupied and 29 apartments (10.1%) were empty. As of 2009, the construction rate of new housing units was 3.5 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality, in 2010, was 0.33%.

The historical population is given in the following chart:

## Politics

In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the CVP which received 51.16% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SP (15.63%), the FDP (14.63%) and the SVP (11.53%). In the federal election, a total of 273 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 65.3%.

In the 2009 Conseil d'État/Staatsrat election a total of 281 votes were cast, of which 8 or about 2.8% were invalid. The voter participation was 69.0%, which is much more than the cantonal average of 54.67%. In the 2007 Swiss Council of States election a total of 267 votes were cast, of which 20 or about 7.5% were invalid. The voter participation was 66.4%, which is much more than the cantonal average of 59.88%.

## Economy

As of  2010, Vérossaz had an unemployment rate of 3%. As of 2008, there were 26 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 14 businesses involved in this sector. 16 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 3 businesses in this sector. 25 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 10 businesses in this sector. There were 186 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 38.7% of the workforce.

In 2008 the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 52. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 15, all of which were in agriculture. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 16 of which 1 was in manufacturing and 15 (93.8%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 21. In the tertiary sector; 4 or 19.0% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 6 or 28.6% were in the movement and storage of goods, 2 or 9.5% were in a hotel or restaurant, 2 or 9.5% were technical professionals or scientists, 5 or 23.8% were in education.

In 2000, there were 26 workers who commuted into the municipality and 138 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 5.3 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. Of the working population, 4.8% used public transportation to get to work, and 81.2% used a private car.

## Religion

From the 2000 census, 378 or 86.1% were Roman Catholic, while 29 or 6.6% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there was 1 individual who belongs to the Christian Catholic Church, and there were 5 individuals (or about 1.14% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There was 1 individual who was Islamic. There were 1 individual who belonged to another church. 18 (or about 4.10% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 8 individuals (or about 1.82% of the population) did not answer the question.

## Education

In Vérossaz about 160 or (36.4%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 38 or (8.7%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a *Fachhochschule*). Of the 38 who completed tertiary schooling, 52.6% were Swiss men, 36.8% were Swiss women.

As of 2000, there was one student in Vérossaz who came from another municipality, while 30 residents attended schools outside the municipality.

## InfoBox

| Vérossaz | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location of Vérossaz | |
| VérossazVérossaz | |
| Coordinates: 46°13′N 6°59′E / 46.217°N 6.983°E / 46.217; 6.983 | |
| Country | Switzerland |
| Canton | Valais |
| District | Saint-Maurice |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Muriel Favre |
| Area | |
| Total | 14.28 km2 (5.51 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 811 m (2,661 ft) |
| Population (31 December 2018) | |
| Total | 770 |
| Density | 54/km2 (140/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (Central European Time) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (Central European Summer Time) |
| Postal code(s) | 1891 |
| SFOS number | 6220 |
| ISO 3166 code | CH-VS |
| Surrounded by | Massongex, Mex, Monthey, Saint-Maurice, Troistorrents, Val-d'Illiez |
| Website | www.verossaz.ch
SFSO statistics |


title: McLeod River

abstract: The McLeod River is a river in west-central Alberta, Canada. It forms in the foothills of the Canadian Rockies, and is a major tributary of the Athabasca River.

text:
# McLeod River

The **McLeod River** is a river in west-central Alberta, Canada. It forms in the foothills of the Canadian Rockies, and is a major tributary of the Athabasca River.

## Course

The river begins in the southern arm of Whitehorse Wildland Provincial Park, about 5 kilometers east of the eastern boundary of Jasper National Park. The McLeod River originates from a northward basin between Tripoli Ridge and the Cardinal Divide, a watershed divide that separates water that eventually drains north into the Arctic Ocean and east into Hudson Bay. Headwater tributaries of the McLeod River flowing from the eastern slope of the Rockies include Thornton, Prospect, Whitehorse, Cadomin, and Luscar Creeks. The river snakes through the foothills and is soon joined by four major tributaries, the Gregg, Erith, Embarrass, and Edson rivers before meeting the Athabasca River near the town of Whitecourt, Alberta.

## Planned dam

Throughout the 1950s and the 1960s the Alberta Government undertook a number of planning studies that discussed diverting water from the Athabasca-Mackenzie watershed to the North and South Saskatchewan Rivers. In 1970, a preliminary engineering report on the McLeod Valley Dam was released by the provincial Department of Agriculture.

The dam was to be located 20 miles (32 km) northeast of Edson, Alberta, near the hamlet of Peers, Alberta. The diverted water would have been sent via a canal to Chip Lake. The report read:

*"The main embankment would be 5810 feet long with crest elevation at 2780 feet and a maximum height of 140 feet. Dykes, 13,230 feet long and with a maximum height of 15 feet would also be required. Two diversion tunnels, one of which will later be converted to a low level outlet, are proposed to handle river flow during the construction period. A gated ogee crest spillway has been designed with a discharge capacity sufficient to route a 1:500 year flood through the reservoir. The dam would create a reservoir approximately 12 miles long with a total storage area of 562,700 acre-feet (694,100,000 m3) at full supply level of 2770 feet."*

The McLeod Valley Dam, as well as the larger Athabasca-to-Saskatchewan diversion scheme, was shelved in the 1970s due to rising construction costs and environmental concerns.

## Tributaries

Tributaries of the McLeod River, from headwaters to the Athabasca River, include:

* Thornton Creek
* Cheviot Creek
* Prospect Creek
* Whitehorse Creek
    + Drummond Creek, Harlequin Creek
* Cadomin Creek
* Luscar Creek
    + Lac des Roches
* Watson Creek
* Mackenzie Creek
* Beaverdam Creek
    + Taylor Creek, Chief Creek, Thompson Creek, Rainbow Creek
* Mercoal Creek
* Deerlick Creek
    + Eunice Creek
* Wampus Creek
* Mary Gregg Creek
    + Mary Gregg Lake, Trapper Creek
* Antler Creek
* McCardell Creek
* Gregg River
    + Berry's Creek, Sphinx Creek, Drinnan Creek, Folding Mountain Creek, Mystery Lake, Warden Creek, Teepee Creek, Wigwam Creek
* Anderson Creek
* Quigley Creek
* McPherson Creek
* White Creek
* Corral Creek
* Embarras River
    + Mitchell Creek, Baril Creek, Lambert Creek, Neill Creek, Prest Creek, Bryan Creek, Dummy (Hay) Creek
    + Erith River
        - Rodney Creek, Raven Creek, Hanlan Creek, Lendrum Creek, Lund Creek, Halpenny Creek, Wickham Creek
* Little Sundance Creek
* Swartz Creek
* Wolf Creek
* Edson River
    + Bench Creek
* Trout Creek
* January Creek
* South Carrot Creek
* Lost Creek
* Groat Creek
* Beaver Creek

## InfoBox

| McLeod River | |
| --- | --- |
| The McLeod River near Edson, Alberta | |
| Location | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | Alberta |
| Physical characteristics | |
|  | |
| Source |  |
| location | Cardinal Divide |
| coordinates | 52°59′00″N 117°20′15″W / 52.98333°N 117.33750°W / 52.98333; -117.33750 |
| elevation | 1,621 m (5,318 ft) |
|  | |
| Mouth |  |
| location | Athabasca River |
| coordinates | 52°51′55″N 115°42′01″W / 52.86528°N 115.70028°W / 52.86528; -115.70028 |
| elevation | 690 m (2,260 ft) |


title: Mecyclothorax profondestriatus

abstract: Mecyclothorax profondestriatus is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Psydrinae. It was described by Perrault in 1989.

text:
# Mecyclothorax profondestriatus

***Mecyclothorax profondestriatus*** is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Psydrinae. It was described by Perrault in 1989.

## InfoBox

| *Mecyclothorax profondestriatus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Carabidae |
| Genus: | *Mecyclothorax* |
| Species: | ***M. profondestriatus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mecyclothorax profondestriatus***<br>Perrault, 1989 | |
|


title: Meersbrook

abstract: Meersbrook is a suburban district in the south-west of Sheffield, England bordered by Nether Edge to the west, Norton Lees to the south, Heeley to the north and the Meersbrook allotment site to the east. Until 1950 it was part of the Sheffield Ecclesall constituency and now forms part of the Sheffield Heeley constituency. The district falls within the Gleadless Valley ward of the city. The name comes from the stream, the Meers Brook, a tributary of the River Sheaf which means 'boundary brook' and in ancient times this, along with the River Sheaf was thought to have formed the boundary between the kingdoms of Northumbria and Mercia. It remained as the boundary between Yorkshire and Derbyshire into the 20th century. Meersbrook itself was once several small communities which have given many roads their names; Rush Dale, Carfield & Cliffe Field and in 1857 was known as Mears Brook. Due to its proximity to the city centre and a thriving independent cafe, bar and restaurant culture, Meersbrook has been called 'a magnet for young professionals'. Based on 2021 census data, Meersbrook is the thirteenth least deprived of the hundred neighbourhoods in Sheffield in relation to employment, education levels, health and housing.

text:
# Meersbrook

**Meersbrook** (grid reference SK354841) is a suburban district in the south-west of Sheffield, England bordered by Nether Edge to the west, Norton Lees to the south, Heeley to the north and the Meersbrook allotment site (the largest allotment site in Europe) to the east. Until 1950 it was part of the Sheffield Ecclesall constituency and now forms part of the Sheffield Heeley constituency. The district falls within the Gleadless Valley ward of the city. The name comes from the stream, the Meers Brook, a tributary of the River Sheaf which means 'boundary brook' and in ancient times this, along with the River Sheaf was thought to have formed the boundary between the kingdoms of Northumbria and Mercia. It remained as the boundary between Yorkshire and Derbyshire into the 20th century. Meersbrook itself was once several small communities which have given many roads their names; Rush Dale, Carfield & Cliffe Field and in 1857 was known as Mears Brook.

Due to its proximity to the city centre and a thriving independent cafe, bar and restaurant culture, Meersbrook has been called 'a magnet for young professionals'. Based on 2021 census data, Meersbrook is the thirteenth least deprived of the hundred neighbourhoods in Sheffield in relation to employment, education levels, health and housing.

## History

Meersbrook is an attractive collection of calm, tree-lined streets sought after by families, with a variety of housing, from large villas to apartments and terraced houses. The vast majority of houses are privately owned or rented and there is very little social housing in the area. The neighbourhood is based around the eponymous park which offers a cross-sectional view of the city.

In 1868 housing was being built in Heeley on Shirebrook Road and away from Chesterfield Road towards Sheffield and the now Midland Main Line railway line. A hamlet was also growing along Derbyshire Lane and down near Smith Wood. In 1873 the land adjacent to the Meers Brook was divided between future roads and allotments with the formation of the Meersbrook Land Society. The rules for building were strict, including rules concerning the size of the allotment, the quantity of stone and all houses had to front towards the roads. No building was allowed beyond the building line and this ensured that all houses had front gardens. The rules also forbid corner shops and pubs on the south side of what was then known as *the border*. From 1900 gas lamps were set up. Argyle Road was built in 1902 as well as a cut through towards Upper Albert Road. In the 1930s Laver's developed the upper side of Meersbrook (behind the Coop and Post Office) using names deriving from Holly, Thorpe and House, much to the confusion of its inhabitants.

As well as being a largely residential and previously agricultural area, Meersbrook was also fairly industrialised. Indeed, W May ltd *Dyers & cleaners* were established on London Road South and Chesterfield Road and Joseph Tyzack & Son ltd (see photo). Meersbrook Works is still in use today as an enterprise centre. Tyzack built Meersbrook Works in 1876, the Tyzack logo can be seen underneath the roof top. Meersbrook Tannery (see photo) is an imposing building now divided and used by several restaurants. The back side of the building is now divided in flats called Arthington Flats.

In late 2005 the Hoyland Fox factory and the chimney was demolished, and flats were built in its stead.

### Meersbrook Park and Meersbrook House

A large part of the Meersbrook area is taken up by Meersbrook Park. This park, set on a steep hillside, offers a stunning panoramic view over central Sheffield to the north. The view from this vantage point was painted by J. M. W. Turner in the 1790s. Within the park are two historic buildings: Bishops' House (c.1500) is one of the oldest buildings in Sheffield and is open as a museum, and Meersbrook House. The latter was built in 1759/60, with the details of construction shown in surveyor Fairbank's Field Books (Sheffield Archives FC FB 15–19). Benjamin Roebuck, the first owner, was a Sheffield merchant and later a partner in the town's first bank, Parker, Roebuck & Shore (1770). The property included walled kitchen garden and house's estate extended to Meers Brook. The house was the home of the Ruskin Museum until 1950. John Ruskin originally set up his museum as the *Museum of St. George* in 1871 at a small cottage in Walkley, but it was renamed and moved to Meersbrook House in 1890. The Ruskin collection can still be seen in Sheffield's Millennium Galleries. Although the area was still in Derbyshire the councillors in Sheffield were already looking over the border for amenity facilities for their citizens. In January 1885 the Corporation of Sheffield bought both the house and the land as a public park or pleasure ground; the house is now a Grade II listed building.

The park contains a number of amenities, such as two bowling greens, an extensive children's play area, a cricket wicket, tennis courts, basketball hoops, a skateboard bowl and a mix of undulating open spaces and woodland. It also contains a community-run walled garden which hosts a number of events throughout the year such as plant and herb sales, charity fundraisers and apple-juicing days. There is also a small museum of gardening tools housed within the walled garden.

## Schools

There are three well regarded primary schools that serve the local community: Meersbrook Bank Primary School, Carfield Primary School and Mundella Primary School. All three received overall "Good" ratings in their latest Ofsted inspections. All three also exceeded national expectations in the 2014 national assessments taken by pupils at the end of Key Stage Two, with Meersbrook Bank Primary School receiving some of the best results in the city (97% of pupils achieved Level 4 or above in Reading, Writing and Maths). In 2012, 2013 and 2014, 74% of GCSE students in Meersbrook achieved 5 or more A\*-C grades including English and Maths, compared to a national average of 53.8% and a Sheffield average of 54%.

## Buildings of interest

* Bishops' House, a half-timbered house, built circa 1500 lies at the south entrance to Meersbrook Park. The Blythes, operators of Blythe Wheel, lived in Bishops' House. Blythe Wheel was an undershot wheel situated where Rushdale Terrace is now. It was operated by the Blythe family and was first used to grind corn, and then as a sharpening grinding wheel. Bishops' House is owned by the City Council and managed as a museum by the Friends of Bishops' House whose volunteers open it to the public at weekends.
* Cliffefield House was a large manor house directly to the south of Meersbrook House's walled garden. Along Cliffefield House was Smithy Wood which now is below Chesterfield Road. The house was situated between Derbyshire Lane, Cliffefield Road and Norton Lees Road.
* Lees House was a 22-room house situated between Norton Lees Road, Norton Lees Lane and Beverleys Road, on the opposite side of Norton Lees Road from Meersbrook Park. The house was built in the early 18th century. The only remnant of Lees House is the stone wall opposite St Paul's Church. The house was demolished and several detached houses built called Lees House Court.

## Photos

## InfoBox

| Meersbrook | |
| --- | --- |
| MeersbrookLocation within South Yorkshire | |
| Metropolitan borough |  |
| Metropolitan county |  |
| Region |  |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | SHEFFIELD |
| Postcode district | S8 |
| Dialling code | 0114 |
|  | |
| Police | South Yorkshire |
| Fire | South Yorkshire |
| Ambulance | Yorkshire |
|  | |
| UK Parliament |  |
|


title: Megachile anomomaculata

abstract: Megachile anomomaculata is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae. It was described by Pasteels in 1965.

text:
# Megachile anomomaculata

***Megachile anomomaculata*** is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae. It was described by Pasteels in 1965.

## InfoBox

| *Megachile anomomaculata* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Megachilidae |
| Genus: | *Megachile* |
| Species: | ***M. anomomaculata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Megachile anomomaculata***<br>(Pasteels, 1965) | |
|


title: Megachile antisanellae

abstract: Megachile antisanellae is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae. It was described by Cameron in 1903.

text:
# Megachile antisanellae

***Megachile antisanellae*** is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae. It was described by Cameron in 1903.

## InfoBox

| *Megachile antisanellae* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Megachilidae |
| Genus: | *Megachile* |
| Species: | ***M. antisanellae*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Megachile antisanellae***<br>Cameron, 1903 | |
|


abstract: As minor planet discoveries are confirmed, they are given a permanent number by the IAU's Minor Planet Center (MPC), and the discoverers can then submit names for them, following the IAU's naming conventions. The list below concerns those minor planets in the specified number-range that have received names, and explains the meanings of those names. Official naming citations of newly named small Solar System bodies are approved and published in a bulletin by IAU's Working Group for Small Bodies Nomenclature (WGSBN). Before May 2021, citations were published in MPC's Minor Planet Circulars for many decades. Recent citations can also be found on the JPL Small-Body Database (SBDB). Until his death in 2016, German astronomer Lutz D. Schmadel compiled these citations into the Dictionary of Minor Planet Names (DMP) and regularly updated the collection. Based on Paul Herget's The Names of the Minor Planets, Schmadel also researched the unclear origin of numerous asteroids, most of which had been named prior to World War II. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: SBDB New namings may only be added to this list below after official publication as the preannouncement of names is condemned. The WGSBN publishes a comprehensive guideline for the naming rules of non-cometary small Solar System bodies.

text:
# Meanings of minor planet names: 323001–324000

As minor planet discoveries are confirmed, they are given a permanent number by the IAU's Minor Planet Center (MPC), and the discoverers can then submit names for them, following the IAU's naming conventions. The list below concerns those minor planets in the specified number-range that have received names, and explains the meanings of those names.

Official naming citations of newly named small Solar System bodies are approved and published in a bulletin by IAU's Working Group for Small Bodies Nomenclature (WGSBN). Before May 2021, citations were published in MPC's *Minor Planet Circulars* for many decades. Recent citations can also be found on the JPL Small-Body Database (SBDB). Until his death in 2016, German astronomer Lutz D. Schmadel compiled these citations into the *Dictionary of Minor Planet Names* (DMP) and regularly updated the collection.

Based on Paul Herget's *The Names of the Minor Planets*, Schmadel also researched the unclear origin of numerous asteroids, most of which had been named prior to World War II.  This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: SBDB New namings may only be *added to this list below after official publication* as the preannouncement of names is condemned. The WGSBN publishes a comprehensive guideline for the naming rules of non-cometary small Solar System bodies.

## 323001–323100

| Named minor planet | Provisional | *This minor planet was named for...* | Ref **·** Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *There are no named minor planets in this number range* | | | |

## 323101–323200

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| Named minor planet | Provisional | *This minor planet was named for...* | Ref **·** Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *There are no named minor planets in this number range* | | | |

## 323201–323300

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| Named minor planet | Provisional | *This minor planet was named for...* | Ref **·** Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *There are no named minor planets in this number range* | | | |

## 323301–323400

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| Named minor planet | Provisional | *This minor planet was named for...* | Ref **·** Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *There are no named minor planets in this number range* | | | |

## 323401–323500

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| Named minor planet | Provisional | *This minor planet was named for...* | Ref **·** Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *There are no named minor planets in this number range* | | | |

## 323501–323600

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| Named minor planet | Provisional | *This minor planet was named for...* | Ref **·** Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 323552 Trudybell | 2004 TB | Trudy E. Bell (born 1950) is a prolific science writer and former editor for Scientific American and contract writer and editor for NASA. Among her many awards is the David N. Schramm Award of the American Astronomical Society. | JPL **·** 323552 |

## 323601–323700

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| Named minor planet | Provisional | *This minor planet was named for...* | Ref **·** Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *There are no named minor planets in this number range* | | | |

## 323701–323800

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| Named minor planet | Provisional | *This minor planet was named for...* | Ref **·** Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *There are no named minor planets in this number range* | | | |

## 323801–323900

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| Named minor planet | Provisional | *This minor planet was named for...* | Ref **·** Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *There are no named minor planets in this number range* | | | |

## 323901–324000

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| Named minor planet | Provisional | *This minor planet was named for...* | Ref **·** Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *There are no named minor planets in this number range* | | | |

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text:
# Meanings of minor planet names: 332001–333000

As minor planet discoveries are confirmed, they are given a permanent number by the IAU's Minor Planet Center (MPC), and the discoverers can then submit names for them, following the IAU's naming conventions. The list below concerns those minor planets in the specified number-range that have received names, and explains the meanings of those names.

Official naming citations of newly named small Solar System bodies are approved and published in a bulletin by IAU's Working Group for Small Bodies Nomenclature (WGSBN). Before May 2021, citations were published in MPC's *Minor Planet Circulars* for many decades. Recent citations can also be found on the JPL Small-Body Database (SBDB). Until his death in 2016, German astronomer Lutz D. Schmadel compiled these citations into the *Dictionary of Minor Planet Names* (DMP) and regularly updated the collection.

Based on Paul Herget's *The Names of the Minor Planets*, Schmadel also researched the unclear origin of numerous asteroids, most of which had been named prior to World War II.  This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: SBDB New namings may only be *added to this list below after official publication* as the preannouncement of names is condemned. The WGSBN publishes a comprehensive guideline for the naming rules of non-cometary small Solar System bodies.

## 332001–332100

| Named minor planet | Provisional | *This minor planet was named for...* | Ref **·** Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 332084 Vasyakulbeda | 2005 UQ12 | Vasyl' Kulbeda (born 1954), an engineer at the Department for Solar Physics of the Main Astronomical Observatory of the Ukrainian National Academy of Sciences. | JPL **·** 332084 |

## 332101–332200

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| Named minor planet | Provisional | *This minor planet was named for...* | Ref **·** Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 332183 Jaroussky | 2006 BE186 | Philippe Jaroussky (born 1978), a French countertenor | JPL **·** 332183 |

## 332201–332300

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| Named minor planet | Provisional | *This minor planet was named for...* | Ref **·** Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *There are no named minor planets in this number range* | | | |

## 332301–332400

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| Named minor planet | Provisional | *This minor planet was named for...* | Ref **·** Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 332324 Bobmcdonald | 2006 XN67 | Bob McDonald (born 1951), a distinguished award-winning science journalist and educator. | JPL **·** 332324 |
| 332326 Aresi | 2006 YK19 | Paolo Aresi (born 1958), an Italian journalist and science fiction writer. | JPL **·** 332326 |

## 332401–332500

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| Named minor planet | Provisional | *This minor planet was named for...* | Ref **·** Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *There are no named minor planets in this number range* | | | |

## 332501–332600

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| Named minor planet | Provisional | *This minor planet was named for...* | Ref **·** Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 332530 Canders | 2008 OS18 | Fridrihs Canders or Friedrich Zander (1887–1933), a Baltic-German pioneer of rocketry and spaceflight in Russia | JPL **·** 332530 |

## 332601–332700

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| Named minor planet | Provisional | *This minor planet was named for...* | Ref **·** Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 332632 Pharos | 2008 UO1 | The Pharos of Alexandria was considered one of the seven wonders of the ancient world. This lighthouse, one of the tallest structures in the world at the time, was built on the island of Pharos, in front of the port of Alexandria of Egypt, and was destroyed by two earthquakes. | IAU **·** 332632 |

## 332701–332800

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| Named minor planet | Provisional | *This minor planet was named for...* | Ref **·** Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 332706 Karlheidlas | 2009 RW57 | Karl Heidlas (born 1932), a German chemist and amateur astronomer. | JPL **·** 332706 |
| 332733 Drolshagen | 2009 SV321 | Gerhard Drolshagen (born 1953), the co-manager of the Near-Earth Object program of the European Space Agency. | JPL **·** 332733 |

## 332801–332900

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| Named minor planet | Provisional | *This minor planet was named for...* | Ref **·** Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 332884 Arianagrande | 2011 AG53 | Ariana Grande, American singer-songwriter and actress | IAU **·** 332884 |

## 332901–333000

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| Named minor planet | Provisional | *This minor planet was named for...* | Ref **·** Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 332991 Tammybecker | 2011 FX147 | Tammy Becker (b. 1964), an American cartographer. | IAU **·** 332991 |

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title: Meerbusch train crash

abstract: The Meerbusch train crash occurred on 5 December 2017 when a passenger train ran into the rear of a freight train near Meerbusch, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Fifty people were injured, nine seriously.

text:
# Meerbusch train crash

The **Meerbusch train crash** occurred on 5 December 2017 when a passenger train ran into the rear of a freight train near Meerbusch, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Fifty people were injured, nine seriously.

## Accident

At about 19:30 CET (18:30 UTC), a passenger train operated by National Express Germany ran into the rear of a freight train operated by DB Cargo near Meerbusch-Osterath station, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. The driver of the passenger train was able to give a warning before the collision occurred. Fifty people were injured, nine seriously and three with moderate injuries. The train was carrying 155 passengers. The passenger train was travelling from Krefeld to Neuss. The freight train was travelling from Dillingen, Saarland to Rotterdam, South Holland, Netherlands. The rear three wagons of the freight train were derailed. The leading carriage of the Bombardier Talent 2 electric multiple unit which formed the passenger train was severely damaged. The rescue of passengers was hampered by fallen power cables, which were made safe by Deutsche Bahn. More than 200 firefighters assisted in the rescue efforts. The line between Düsseldorf and Krefeld was closed.

## Investigation

The *Eisenbahn-Unfalluntersuchungsstelle des Bundes* (EUB) opened an investigation into the accident. It was reported that the passenger train may have incorrectly been given permission to pass a signal indicating “stop”.

## InfoBox

| Meerbusch train crash | |
| --- | --- |
| The wrecked passenger train at train accident site near Meerbusch on 8 Dec 2017 | |
| Details | |
| Date | 5 December 2017
19:30 CET (18:30 UTC) |
| Location | Meerbusch, North Rhine-Westphalia |
| Country | Germany |
| Line | Krefeld - Neuss line |
| Operator | DB Cargo
National Express Germany |
| Incident type | Rear-end collision |
| Cause | Under investigation |
| Statistics | |
| Trains | 2 |
| Passengers | 155 |
| Injured | 50 |


title: Meerdaal

abstract: Meerdaal, also known as Meerdaalwoud and Meerdaalbos, is a woodland lying east of Brussels and south of Leuven, on the loess plateau of Brabant in central Belgium. The bigger part of it has most likely been continuously forested since the Middle Ages, but the archaeological record and geomorphology give evidence of a profound human influence, probably including agriculture, during the Roman era and the Iron Age.

text:
# Meerdaal

**Meerdaal**, also known as **Meerdaalwoud** and **Meerdaalbos**, is a woodland lying east of Brussels and south of Leuven, on the loess plateau of Brabant in central Belgium. The bigger part of it has most likely been continuously forested since the Middle Ages, but the archaeological record and geomorphology give evidence of a profound human influence, probably including agriculture, during the Roman era and the Iron Age.

## Miradal

In 1146 Meerdaal was known as *silva de miradal*. *Silva* refers to a place dominated by trees; *dal* refers to a valley; the origin of *mira* is unclear.

## Free Wood

From 1406 until the end of the 18th century Meerdaal was endowed with the statute of Free Wood, which, for example, refers to its independent law court and rules.

## Oak, pannage and boars

Numerous documents give evidence of pannage in Ducal Free Woods Like Meerdaal during the dark and cold months of the 16th, 17th and 18th century. This pannage was obviously well-adjusted to forestry, as Meerdaal kept its age-long reputation for high-quality oak timber up to the present day. Pigs were restricted to well-appointed areas and evidently kept out of young stands by swine herders, who also built wooden cages for the animals. But the Free Wood of Meerdaal was not only a place for pannage, coppice or timber. It also had to keep up a reputation as a chase, housing wild boars, their hybrids with domestic pigs, and deer.

## Modern forestry

Today, Meerdaal Forest is managed as a multifunctional forest. High quality timber production keeps to play an important role but is combined with the conservation of high quality nature, recreation and education.

## Hiking

Today, Meerdaalwoud and the adjacent Heverleebos \- together covering an area of almost 25 km² - are very popular for hiking.

50°48′16.89″N 4°41′45.71″E / 50.8046917°N 4.6960306°E / 50.8046917; 4.6960306


title: W.R.: Mysteries of the Organism

abstract: W.R.: Mysteries of the Organism is a 1971 film by Serbian director Dušan Makavejev that explores the relationship between communist politics and sexuality, as well as presenting the controversial life and work of Austrian-American psychoanalyst Wilhelm Reich (1897–1957). The film's narrative structure is unconventional, intermixing fictional and documentary elements. After initial screenings, both in and out of Yugoslavia, W.R. was banned in that country for the next 16 years. Makavejev was subsequently indicted there on criminal charges of "derision" towards "the state, its agencies, and representatives" after he made intemperate remarks to a West German newspaper about the ban. His exile from his home country lasted until the end of the regime.

text:
# W.R.: Mysteries of the Organism

***W.R.: Mysteries of the Organism*** (Serbo-Croatian: *W.R. – Misterije organizma* / W.R. – Мистерије организма) is a 1971 film by Serbian director Dušan Makavejev that explores the relationship between communist politics and sexuality, as well as presenting the controversial life and work of Austrian-American psychoanalyst Wilhelm Reich (1897–1957). The film's narrative structure is unconventional, intermixing fictional and documentary elements.

After initial screenings, both in and out of Yugoslavia, *W.R.* was banned in that country for the next 16 years. Makavejev was subsequently indicted there on criminal charges of "derision" towards "the state, its agencies, and representatives" after he made intemperate remarks to a West German newspaper about the ban. His exile from his home country lasted until the end of the regime.

## Plot

The film intercuts documentary footage and clips from other films — notably the Stalinist propaganda film *The Vow* (1946) — with an imaginative and satirical narrative about a highly political Yugoslav woman who seduces a visiting Soviet celebrity ice skater. Despite different settings, characters and time periods, the different elements produce a single story of human sexuality and revolution through montage.

The woman, Milena, violates her proletarian convictions (and rejects the sexual advances of a worker) by pursuing a Joseph Stalin-like celebrity ice skater — Vladimir Ilyich (Lenin's first name and patronymic) — who represents both class oppression and corruption from the West into communist beliefs. She succeeds, with difficulty, in sexual consummation, but V.I. is unable to reconcile his inner conflicts and ends the encounter by decapitating her. Distraught, V.I. sings a Russian song after the murder: "François Villon's Prayer" by Bulat Okudzhava.

### Sequences

#### Tuli Kupferberg

Poet and performance artist Tuli Kupferberg of the band The Fugs, dressed as a soldier, parodies war and the sexual nature of some peoples' fascination with guns by stalking affluent New Yorkers on the street and masturbating his toy rifle. The scene is set to The Fugs' 1965 song "Kill for Peace". As part of the film's climax, the gun masturbation imagery is intercut with other orgasmic sequences. This segment highlights Reich's ideas that sexual frustration and violence are connected.

#### Artists

Artist Betty Dodson discusses her experiences in drawing acts of masturbation, as well as her discussions within consciousness raising groups about female sexual response. The Dodson sequences are relatively straightforward documentary interviews; Dodson's large scale drawing of a man masturbating dominates the background of the shots. This segment illustrates a freer attitude toward sexuality.

New York artist Nancy Godfrey was among a loose group called Plaster Casters, who were known for taking plaster casts of rock stars' penises. In a meeting with Jim Buckley, co-founder-editor of the porn magazine *Screw*, Godfrey makes a plaster cast of Buckley's erect penis as a documentary part of the film. The soundtrack features another song by The Fugs, "I'm Gonna Kill Myself Over Your Dead Body", with Tuli Kupferberg satirically mimicking John Wayne in his *a cappella* vocals.

This scene was a point of contention for censors. On UK video prints Buckley's penis is covered with psychedelic colors added in editing (the cinema version was unusually approved fully uncut).

#### Jackie Curtis

Jackie Curtis, a cross-dressing member of Andy Warhol's entourage and star in his films, is shown on the streets of New York enjoying an ice cream cone with a partner. Curtis' appearance highlighted Reich's theories of gender and sexuality.

#### *Screw*

*Screw* was an underground magazine that pioneered in bringing hardcore pornography into the American mainstream during the late 1960s and early 1970s. The film shows a behind-the-scenes look at the publication, in which editor Jim Buckley casually consorts with his nude models. *Screw'*s notorious co-founder and editor Al Goldstein is neither seen nor referred to in this sequence.

#### Alexander Lowen

The film features a rare on-screen interview with neo-Reichian therapist Alexander Lowen, the founder of bioenergetic analysis, during a therapy session, including scream treatment.

#### Other sequences

Reich's daughter Eva (1924–2008) appears on camera, speaking about her father's work and the sickness of contemporary life.

The Orgonon, Reich's last home and lab near Rangeley, Maine, USA, is seen with brief shots of the interior and exterior, including a cloudbuster.

The film includes re-stagings of scenes from Sergei Eisenstein films, alluding to the montage era of film making in the Soviet Union.

Shots of the incinerator in which Reich's books were burned in New York City are included.

## Cast

## Reception

*W.R.* won acclaim from critics at the Cannes Film Festival in 1971, but due to the state ban was shown only to a few selected audiences in Yugoslavia for the next several years.

## InfoBox

| W.R.: Mysteries of the Organism | |
| --- | --- |
| DVD cover of the movie | |
| Directed by | Dušan Makavejev |
| Written by | Dušan Makavejev |
| Produced by | Dušan Makavejev |
| Cinematography | Aleksandar Petković
Pega Popović |
| Edited by | Ivanka Vukasović |
| Music by | Bojana Marijan |
| Release date | * 1971 (1971) |
| Running time | 85 min. |
| Countries | Yugoslavia
West Germany |
| Languages | Serbo-Croatian
English |


title: W.O. Williams/R.C. McClellan House

abstract: The W.O. Williams/R.C. McClellan House is an historic home in Fort Meade, Florida.

text:
# W.O. Williams/R.C. McClellan House

The **W.O. Williams/R.C. McClellan House** is an historic home in Fort Meade, Florida.

## History

This circa 1898 frame vernacular historical home with its beautiful Queen Anne/Colonial Revival influences is located at 100 S Oak Avenue (formally Francis Street) in Fort Meade, Florida. The home was once owned by a Florida State Congressman (William O Williams) and a Mayor (Rupert Charles McClellan). W.O Williams (1873–1920) was a Florida Congressman elected to the House of Representatives in 1918-1919. In addition, the home was owned by R.C. McClellan (1872–1943) who was Fort Meade's mayor in 1912 and the grandson of the late George E. McClellan, (1808–1866) a delegate of the Florida Constitutional Convention in 1838, which drafted Florida's constitution and bill of rights, leading the territory of Florida into statehood in 1845.

This Queen Anne Victorian home was later owned by George M. Heath, (1872–1942) who purchased the home in 1935. The Heath family sold the home in 1979, and by 2010, it was in major disrepair and at risk of being demolished. The home is now almost fully restored and is of museum quality, showcasing some of Fort Meade's rich history.

## Location

The W.O Williams/R.C. McClellan house is located within the bounds of the Fort Meade Historic District, which is a U.S. historic district (designated as such on July 29, 1994) located in Fort Meade, Florida. The district is bounded by North 3rd Street, Orange Avenue, South 3rd Street and Sand Mountain Road. It contains 151 historic buildings.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| W.O. Williams/R.C. McClellan House | |
| U.S. Historic district<br>Contributing property | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | Fort Meade, Florida |
| Coordinates | 27°45′02″N 81°47′51″W / 27.75048°N 81.79762°W / 27.75048; -81.79762 |
| Built | Circa 1898 |
| Architectural style | Queen Anne/Colonial Revival |
| Part of | Fort Meade Historic District (ID94000781) |
| Added to NRHP | July 29, 1994 |


title: Megan Nick

abstract: Megan Nick is an American freestyle skier specializing in aerials. She competed at the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing, where she won the bronze medal in aerials. Nick went through the qualification, and in Final 1, where only six athletes qualify for Final 2, she was fifth. In Final 2, her routine was easier than that of the other athletes; in particular, she was the only athlete who did not perform a triple backflip, but she did not make mistakes, whereas many of her competitors did with their landing. NBC sports called her a "surprising medalist".

text:
# Megan Nick

**Megan Nick** (born 9 July 1996) is an American freestyle skier specializing in aerials. She competed at the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing, where she won the bronze medal in aerials.

Nick went through the qualification, and in Final 1, where only six athletes qualify for Final 2, she was fifth. In Final 2, her routine was easier than that of the other athletes; in particular, she was the only athlete who did not perform a triple backflip, but she did not make mistakes, whereas many of her competitors did with their landing. NBC sports called her a "surprising medalist".

## Personal life

Nick attended high school at Champlain Valley Union High School. She grew up competing in gymnastics before transitioning into aerials after attending the U.S. team’s aerial skiing Talent ID camp in Lake Placid during her final year of high school.

## InfoBox

Megan Nick
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | American |
| Born | (1996-07-09) July 9, 1996<br>Shelburne, Vermont, U.S. |
| Sport | |
| Country | United States |
| Sport | Freestyle skiing |
| Event | Aerials |
| Medal record      Women's freestyle skiing  Representing  United States  Olympic Games  2022 Beijing Aerials | |


text:
# Meanings of minor planet names: 529001–530000

As minor planet discoveries are confirmed, they are given a permanent number by the IAU's Minor Planet Center (MPC), and the discoverers can then submit names for them, following the IAU's naming conventions. The list below concerns those minor planets in the specified number-range that have received names, and explains the meanings of those names.

Official naming citations of newly named small Solar System bodies are approved and published in a bulletin by IAU's Working Group for Small Bodies Nomenclature (WGSBN). Before May 2021, citations were published in MPC's *Minor Planet Circulars* for many decades. Recent citations can also be found on the JPL Small-Body Database (SBDB). Until his death in 2016, German astronomer Lutz D. Schmadel compiled these citations into the *Dictionary of Minor Planet Names* (DMP) and regularly updated the collection.

Based on Paul Herget's *The Names of the Minor Planets*, Schmadel also researched the unclear origin of numerous asteroids, most of which had been named prior to World War II.  This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: SBDB New namings may only be *added to this list below after official publication* as the preannouncement of names is condemned. The WGSBN publishes a comprehensive guideline for the naming rules of non-cometary small Solar System bodies.

## 529001–529100

| Named minor planet | Provisional | *This minor planet was named for...* | Ref **·** Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *There are no named minor planets in this number range* | | | |

## 529101–529200

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| Named minor planet | Provisional | *This minor planet was named for...* | Ref **·** Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *There are no named minor planets in this number range* | | | |

## 529201–529300

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| Named minor planet | Provisional | *This minor planet was named for...* | Ref **·** Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *There are no named minor planets in this number range* | | | |

## 529301–529400

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| Named minor planet | Provisional | *This minor planet was named for...* | Ref **·** Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *There are no named minor planets in this number range* | | | |

## 529401–529500

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| Named minor planet | Provisional | *This minor planet was named for...* | Ref **·** Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *There are no named minor planets in this number range* | | | |

## 529501–529600

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| Named minor planet | Provisional | *This minor planet was named for...* | Ref **·** Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *There are no named minor planets in this number range* | | | |

## 529601–529700

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| Named minor planet | Provisional | *This minor planet was named for...* | Ref **·** Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *There are no named minor planets in this number range* | | | |

## 529701–529800

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| Named minor planet | Provisional | *This minor planet was named for...* | Ref **·** Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 529729 Xida | 2010 LX44 | Northwest University of China, known for its geology, archaeology and Chinese cultural studies. | IAU **·** 529729 |

## 529801–529900

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| Named minor planet | Provisional | *This minor planet was named for...* | Ref **·** Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 529828 Jinhuayizhong | 2010 RJ22 | Jinhuayizhong (Jinhua No.1 High School), located in Zhejiang Province, was founded in 1902. It has educated about 46 000 students, including 19 academicians of China, and cultivated many astronomy enthusiasts, aerospace experts and space scientists, who have made great contributions to astronomy and space science. | IAU **·** 529828 |

## 529901–530000

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| Named minor planet | Provisional | *This minor planet was named for...* | Ref **·** Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *There are no named minor planets in this number range* | | | |

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title: Václav Nedomanský

abstract: Václav Nedomanský is a Czech former ice hockey forward. Nedomanský is best known as the first Czechoslovak hockey player to defect to North America to play. He was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 2019. He is also a member of the International Ice Hockey Federation Hall of Fame (1997), Slovak Hockey Hall of Fame (2002), Czech Ice Hockey Hall of Fame (2008) and was named into the IIHF All-Time Czech Team (2020).

text:
# Václav Nedomanský

**Václav Nedomanský** (born 14 March 1944) is a Czech former ice hockey forward. Nedomanský is best known as the first Czechoslovak hockey player to defect to North America to play. He was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 2019. He is also a member of the International Ice Hockey Federation Hall of Fame (1997), Slovak Hockey Hall of Fame (2002), Czech Ice Hockey Hall of Fame (2008) and was named into the IIHF All-Time Czech Team (2020).

## Playing in Czechoslovakia

Nedomanský played for Slovan Bratislava of the Czechoslovak Extraliga for twelve seasons. In 1968, he was a member of the Czechoslovak national ice hockey team which won silver medals at the Winter Olympics in Grenoble and bronze medals in 1972 at the Winter Olympics in Sapporo. He also played for Czechoslovakia in nine IIHF World Championships, and was named top forward at the 1974 World Championships. He was inducted into the IIHF Hall of Fame in 1997.

## Career after defection

Nedomanský defected in 1974 to Toronto via Switzerland. He was not able to return to his home country until after the fall of the Iron Curtain.

He played just over three seasons in the World Hockey Association with the Toronto Toros and the Birmingham Bulls, peaking with 56 goals and 98 points for Toronto in 1975–76. He also won the Paul Deneau Trophy for sportsmanship in 1975–76. He then signed as a free agent with the National Hockey League's Detroit Red Wings in 1977. Nedomanský played five seasons for Detroit, posting highs of 38 goals and 74 points. He retired after one final season with the St. Louis Blues and the New York Rangers in 1982–83.

Nedomanský coached in Germany and Austria from 1987 to 1991.

He was born in Hodonín in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia in the present-day Czech Republic. The winter stadium in Hodonín bears his name.

## Career statistics

### Regular season and playoffs

|  | | |  | Regular season | | | | |  | Playoffs | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Season | Team | League | | GP |  |  | Pts | PIM | | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| 1960–61 | SHK Hodonín | CZE-2 | |  |  |  |  |  | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1961–62 | SHK Hodonín | CZE-2 | |  |  |  |  |  | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1962–63 | Slovan ChZJD Bratislava | CSSR | |  |  |  |  |  | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1963–64 | Slovan ChZJD Bratislava | CSSR | | 31 | 20 | 7 | 27 |  | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1964–65 | Slovan ChZJD Bratislava | CSSR | | 32 | 31 | 10 | 41 |  | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1965–66 | Slovan ChZJD Bratislava | CSSR | | 36 | 39 | 14 | 53 |  | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1966–67 | Slovan ChZJD Bratislava | CSSR | | 36 | 40 | 20 | 60 | 22 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1967–68 | Slovan ChZJD Bratislava | CSSR | | 36 | 34 | 15 | 49 | 10 | | 8 | 5 | 6 | 11 |  |
| 1968–69 | Slovan ChZJD Bratislava | CSSR | | 36 | 27 | 20 | 47 |  | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1969–70 | Slovan ChZJD Bratislava | CSSR | | 36 | 29 | 13 | 42 | 23 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1970–71 | Slovan ChZJD Bratislava | CSSR | | 33 | 31 | 15 | 46 |  | | 7 | 7 | 3 | 10 |  |
| 1971–72 | Slovan ChZJD Bratislava | CSSR | | 35 | 35 | 21 | 56 |  | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1972–73 | Slovan ChZJD Bratislava | CSSR | | 34 | 22 | 17 | 39 |  | | 11 | 4 | 4 | 8 |  |
| 1973–74 | Slovan ChZJD Bratislava | CSSR | | 44 | 46 | 28 | 74 |  | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1974–75 | Toronto Toros | WHA | | 78 | 41 | 40 | 81 | 19 | | 6 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 9 |
| 1975–76 | Toronto Toros | WHA | | 81 | 56 | 42 | 98 | 8 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1976–77 | Birmingham Bulls | WHA | | 81 | 36 | 33 | 69 | 10 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1977–78 | Birmingham Bulls | WHA | | 12 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 6 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1977–78 | Detroit Red Wings | NHL | | 63 | 11 | 17 | 28 | 2 | | 7 | 3 | 5 | 8 | 0 |
| 1978–79 | Detroit Red Wings | NHL | | 80 | 38 | 35 | 73 | 19 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1979–80 | Detroit Red Wings | NHL | | 79 | 35 | 39 | 74 | 13 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1980–81 | Detroit Red Wings | NHL | | 74 | 12 | 20 | 32 | 30 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1981–82 | Detroit Red Wings | NHL | | 68 | 12 | 28 | 40 | 22 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1982–83 | St. Louis Blues | NHL | | 22 | 2 | 9 | 11 | 2 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1982–83 | New York Rangers | NHL | | 35 | 12 | 8 | 20 | 0 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| CSSR totals | | | | 388 | 354 | 180 | 534 |  | | 26 | 16 | 13 | 29 |  |
| WHA totals | | | | 252 | 135 | 118 | 253 | 43 | | 6 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 9 |
| NHL totals | | | | 421 | 122 | 156 | 278 | 88 | | 7 | 3 | 5 | 8 | 0 |

### International

| Year | Team | Event |  | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1965 | Czechoslovakia | WC | | 7 | 4 | 2 | 6 | 2 |
| 1966 | Czechoslovakia | WC | | 7 | 5 | 2 | 7 | 8 |
| 1967 | Czechoslovakia | WC | | 7 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 14 |
| 1968 | Czechoslovakia | OLY | | 7 | 5 | 2 | 7 | 4 |
| 1969 | Czechoslovakia | WC | | 10 | 9 | 2 | 11 | 10 |
| 1970 | Czechoslovakia | WC | | 10 | 10 | 7 | 17 | 11 |
| 1971 | Czechoslovakia | WC | | 10 | 10 | 7 | 17 |  |
| 1972 | Czechoslovakia | OLY | | 6 | 8 | 3 | 11 | 0 |
| 1972 | Czechoslovakia | WC | | 9 | 9 | 6 | 15 | 0 |
| 1973 | Czechoslovakia | WC | | 10 | 9 | 3 | 12 | 2 |
| 1974 | Czechoslovakia | WC | | 10 | 10 | 3 | 13 | 4 |
| Senior totals | | | | 93 | 80 | 39 | 119 | 55 |

## InfoBox

| Václav Nedomanský | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Hockey Hall of Fame, 2019 | | | |
| Nedomanský (right) with Czechoslovkia in 1970 | | | |
| Born | (1944-03-14) 14 March 1944
Hodonín, Bohemia and Moravia | | |
| Height | 6 ft 1 in (185 cm) | | |
| Weight | 210 lb (95 kg; 15 st 0 lb) | | |
| Position | Centre | | |
| Shot | Left | | |
| Played for | Slovan Bratislava
Toronto Toros
Birmingham Bulls
Detroit Red Wings
St. Louis Blues
New York Rangers | | |
| National team | Czechoslovakia | | |
| Playing career | 19621983 | | |
| Medal record      Men's ice hockey  Representing  Czechoslovakia  Men's ice hockey  Olympic Games  1968 Grenoble  Team  1972 Sapporo  Team  World Championships  1965 Finland Ice hockey  1966 Yugoslavia Ice hockey  1969 Sweden Ice hockey  1970 Sweden Ice hockey  1971 Switzerland Ice hockey  1972 Czechoslovakia Ice hockey  1973 Soviet Union Ice hockey  1974 Finland Ice hockey | | | |


title: Václav Míka

abstract: Václav Míka is a Czech professional footballer who plays for České Budějovice on loan from Viktoria Plzeň.

text:
# Václav Míka

**Václav Míka** (born 1 June 2000) is a Czech professional footballer who plays for České Budějovice on loan from Viktoria Plzeň.

## Club career

He made his Czech First League debut for Viktoria Plzeň on 6 February 2021 in a game against Slovan Liberec.

## InfoBox

Václav Míka
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (2000-06-01) 1 June 2000 | | |
| Place of birth | Plzeň, Czech Republic | | |
| Height | 1.89 m (6 ft 2 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Defender | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | České Budějovice
(on loan from Viktoria Plzeň) | | |
| Youth career | | | |
|  | Viktoria Plzeň | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2019– | Viktoria Plzeň | 2 | (0) |
| 2019– | Viktoria Plzeň B | 10 | (0) |
| 2022 | MFK Chrudim | 14 | (0) |
| 2022 | Pardubice | 0 | (0) |
| 2022–2024 | MFK Chrudim | 46 | (6) |
| 2024– | České Budějovice | 0 | (0) |
| International career | | | |
| 2016–2017 | Czech Republic U17 | 12 | (0) |
| 2017–2018 | Czech Republic U18 | 9 | (1) |
| 2019 | Czech Republic U19 | 5 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 20 June 2024
‡ National team caps and goals, correct as of 21 July 2019 | | | |


title: Vıjaker

abstract: Vıjaker is a village and municipality in the Lerik Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 284. The municipality consists of the villages of Vijaker and Qışlaq.

text:
# Vıjaker

**Vıjaker** (also, **Vijəker**, **Vazhaker**, and **Vyzhaker**) is a village and municipality in the Lerik Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 284. The municipality consists of the villages of Vijaker and Qışlaq.

## InfoBox

| Vıjaker | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Vıjaker | |
| Coordinates: 38°37′N 48°33′E / 38.617°N 48.550°E / 38.617; 48.550 | |
| Country | Azerbaijan |
| Rayon | Lerik |
| Population | |
| Total | 284 |
| Time zone | UTC+4 (AZT) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+5 (AZT) |


title: Uswsusp

abstract: uswsusp, abbreviated from userspace software suspend and stylized as μswsusp, is a set of userspace command-line utilities for Linux that act primarily as wrappers around the Linux kernel hibernation functionality and implement sleep mode, hibernation, and hybrid sleep. It supports Linux kernel versions 2.6.17 and newer. uswsusp supports image checksumming, data compression, disk encryption, and integration with Splashy and fbsplash.

text:
# Uswsusp

**uswsusp**, abbreviated from userspace software suspend and stylized as **μswsusp**, is a set of userspace command-line utilities for Linux that act primarily as wrappers around the Linux kernel hibernation functionality and implement sleep mode (s2ram utility, referred to as "suspend to RAM"), hibernation (s2disk utility, referred to as "suspend to disk"), and hybrid sleep (s2both utility, referred to as "suspend to both"). It supports Linux kernel versions 2.6.17 and newer.

uswsusp supports image checksumming, data compression, disk encryption, and integration with Splashy and fbsplash.

## InfoBox

uswsusp
| Initial release | April 21, 2006 (2006-04-21) |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Stable release | 1.0 / March 7, 2011 (2011-03-07) |
|  | |
| Written in |  |
| Operating system | Linux |
| Available in | English |
| License | GNU GPL |
| Website | suspend.sourceforge.net |


title: Thurston Teal

abstract: The Thurston Teal is a family of two- and four-seat all-aluminium amphibious aircraft designed by David Thurston in the United States and first flown in 1968. A total of 38 Teals were manufactured.

text:
# Thurston Teal

The **Thurston Teal** is a family of two- and four-seat all-aluminium amphibious aircraft designed by David Thurston in the United States and first flown in 1968.

A total of 38 Teals were manufactured.

## Development

David B. Thurston established Thurston Aircraft Corporation at Sanford, Maine, in 1966 to produce a lightweight amphibian of his own design, which had the designation Thurston TSC-1A Teal.

First flown in 1968, production began after certification was gained in August 1969; the 16th and subsequent aircraft, which introduced some refinements, were designated TSC-1A1 Teal. In 1972 David Thurston joined the Schweizer Aircraft Corporation, which continued to build the Teal in the form of the TSC-1A2 Teal II before selling the production rights to the Teal Aircraft Corporation of Markham, Ontario, in early 1979.

Thurston Aircraft produced a total of 19, Schweizer built 12 and Teal Aircraft constructed seven.

## Design

The Teal design features a high wing with tip floats for lateral stability. The horizontally opposed engine is mounted tractor fashion in a strut-supported pylon above the wing root. The T-tail includes a water rudder and tailwheel that swings up against the bottom of the rudder. Conventional undercarriage includes flat, spring-steel main undercarriage legs that rotate aft for water landings.

Pilot and passenger sit side by side under a clear perspex canopy. Side windows slide up into opening overhead windows.

One unusual characteristic of the Teal design is that it cruises slightly faster with the landing gear in the down position than with it up. The Teal's wheels do not retract, but instead swing to the rear until the gear is horizontal and clear of the water. The drag produced having the landing gear stowed in the up position is higher than in the extended position, and this reduces cruise speed.

## Variants

TSC-1 T-boat

The TSC-1 T-Boat was a proposed flying boat. The aircraft was to have no landing gear to save weight and folding wings were to be incorporated to aid storage. The model development was discontinued to concentrate on the amphibious TSC-1A instead.

TSC-1A

The TSC-1A was the first to the series to actually be completed and featured retractable conventional landing gear and non-folding wings. The prototype TSC-1A was registered as N1968T, given serial number 1 and was first flown in June 1968. The TSC-1A certified under FAA Type Certificate A15AE on 28 August 1969 at a gross weight of 1,850 lb (840 kg), land and water. An increase in gross weight to 1,900 lb (860 kg) was approved on 9 December 1969. Fifteen Model TSC-1A Teals were built by the Thurston Aircraft.

TSC-1A1

The TSC-1A1 Teal Amphibian was an improved model with extra range and payload. The aircraft incorporated 23 US gallon fuel tanks in the wing leading edges, which replaced the single 24.5 US gal fuselage tank of the earlier TSC-1A. The gross weight was increased to 2,200 lb (998 kg) (land) and 2,100 lb (953 kg) (water). The prototype TSC-1A, N1968T was upgraded and used as the prototype for the TSC-1A1. The TSC-1A1 was certified on 23 September 1971 and Thurston Aircraft built the first three. Three more were built by Schweizer Aircraft. Six additional existing TSC-1As were upgraded to TCS-1A1 status.

TSC-1A1/EW

The TSC-1A1/EW introduced wing and tailplane extensions. Wing span was increased four feet to 34 feet 11 inches (10.64 m), producing a wing area of 177 sq ft (16.4 m2). The horizontal tail span was increased by 2 feet (0.61 m) to a total of 10 feet (3.0 m). The empty weight rose to 1,435 lb (651 kg), with a gross weight of 2,200 lb (1,000 kg) for both land and water.

TSC-1A1/EW/EP

The TSC-1A1/EW/EP was a project to convert existing TSC-1A1s to TSC-1A1/EW status by incorporating the EW's wing and tail extensions and upgrading the engine to a 160 horsepower (120 kW) Lycoming O-320-B3B. Gross weight would have been 2,300 lb (1,043 kg) (land) and 2,200 lb (998 kg) (water).

TSC-1A2 Teal II and Marlin 150

The TSC-1A2 Teal II was a development of the TSC-1A1, It incorporated slotted flaps, a change in horizontal stabilizer incidence and larger elevator trim tab travel. The fitted engine was a 150 hp (110 kW) Lycoming O-320-A3B. The new flaps reduced stalling speed and thus permitted an increase in gross weight to 2,200 lb (1,000 kg) for land and water operations, as well as shorter take off and landing distances. The TSC-1A2 was certified on 28 June 1973, including IFR in non-icing conditions. Schweizer built nine Teal IIs and seven were built by Teal Aircraft as the "Marlin 150".

TSC-1A2/EP

The TSC-1A2/EP was a proposed upgrade of the TSC-1A2 a 160 hp (120 kW) Lycoming O-320-B3B engine. Empty weight was 1,435 lb (651 kg) and the gross weight was to be 2,300 lb (1,043 kg) (land) and 2,200 lb (998 kg) (water).

TSC-1A3 Teal III and Marlin 180

The TSC-1A3 was a proposed 180 hp (130 kW) up-engined version of the TSC-1A2. It was developed by Teal Aircraft and was to be sold by the name "Marlin 180" during 1977–78. The Teal III incorporated aerodynamic and structural upgrades to the engine mounting pylon and the engine cowling. The projected empty weight was to be 1,450 lb (660 kg), with a gross weight of 2,300 lb (1,043 kg) (land & water). No TSC-1A3s were manufactured, but TSC-1A2 #34 was converted to 180 hp (130 kW).

TSC-1A3/EW

The TSC-1A3/EW was a proposed 180 hp (130 kW) engine aircraft with the wings and tailplane extensions of the TSC-1A1/EW. The aircraft was proposed without flaps, but with a gross weight of 2,300 lb (1,043 kg) (land & water).

TSC-1A3/EWF

The TSC-1A3/EWF was a proposed aircraft that would have been identical to the TSC-1A3/EW, except with flaps.

TSC-1A2T Teal II & TSC-1A3T Teal III

In 1983 there was a proposal to form a new company, to be called Advanced Aircraft, which would develop a tricycle version of the Teal, to be designated the TSC-1A2T. This was to be a conversion of existing TSC-1A2 aircraft. The conversion would have included:

* relocating the main landing gear
* removing the tail wheel
* installing a nose wheel
* changing the hull to accommodate the new landing gear
* changing the rudder
* simplifying the flap controls
* installing of new style cabin doors

An up-engined version, designated TSC-1A3T, would have been powered by either 160 Lycoming O-320 or Lycoming O-360 180 hp (130 kW) conversion. In the end the company was not formed and the prototype never completed.

TSC-1A4 Teal IV

The TSC-1A4 was a 1977 Teal Aircraft proposal for a four-seat stretched Teal III, which would have had a gross weight of 2,700 lb (1,200 kg). The plan was for a 210 hp (160 kW) turbocharged Lycoming powerplant, a 19-inch (480 mm) extension for the fuselage, the wingspan increased by 4 feet (1.2 m) and the tailplane by 2 feet (0.61 m). None were ever built.

## Specifications (TSC-1A1 Teal)

*Data from* Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1971–72

**General characteristics**

* **Crew:** 1
* **Capacity:** 1–2 passengers
* **Length:** 23 ft 7 in (7.19 m)
* **Wingspan:** 31 ft 11 in (9.73 m)
* **Height:** 9 ft 5 in (2.87 m)
* **Wing area:** 157 sq ft (14.6 m2)
* **Aspect ratio:** 6.5:1
* **Airfoil:** NACA 4415
* **Empty weight:** 1,360 lb (617 kg)
* **Max takeoff weight:** 2,200 lb (998 kg) (on land); 2,100 lb (953 kg) on water
* **Fuel capacity:** 40 US gal (33 imp gal; 150 L) usable fuel
* **Powerplant:** 1 × Lycoming O-320-A3B air-cooled flat-four engine, 150 hp (110 kW)
* **Propellers:** 2-bladed Hartzell constant-speed propeller, 6 ft 0 in (1.83 m) diameter

**Performance**

* **Maximum speed:** 125 mph (201 km/h, 109 kn) at sea level
* **Cruise speed:** 108 mph (174 km/h, 94 kn)
* **Stall speed:** 57 mph (92 km/h, 50 kn)
* **Range:** 500 mi (800 km, 430 nmi) (with standard fuel)
* **Rate of climb:** 750 ft/min (3.8 m/s)

## InfoBox

| Teal | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| 1971-built TSC-1 Teal at Lakeland, Florida in April 2009 | |
| Role | Two-seat amphibious aircraft |
| Manufacturer | Thurston Aircraft Corporation |
| Designer | David Thurston |
| First flight | June 1968 |
| Number built | 38 |


title: Trombidium auroraense

abstract: Trombidium auroraense is a species of mite in the genus Trombidium in the family Trombidiidae. It is found in New York, United States. Like T. hyperi, the larvae are ectoparasites on adult alfalfa weevils.

text:
# Trombidium auroraense

***Trombidium auroraense*** is a species of mite in the genus *Trombidium* in the family Trombidiidae. It is found in New York, United States.

Like *T. hyperi*, the larvae are ectoparasites on adult alfalfa weevils (*Hypera postica*).

## Name

The species name is derived from Latin *aurora* "dawn".

* Synopsis of the described Arachnida of the World: Trombidiidae

## Further reading

* Vercammen-Grandjean, P.H.; Van Driesche, R.G. & Gyrisco, G.G. (1977): New Mites Recovered from the Alfalfa Weevil in New York: Trombidium hyperi n. sp. and T. auroraense n. sp. (Acari: Trombidiidae). *Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society* **50**(1): 89–107. Abstract

## InfoBox

| *Trombidium auroraense* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Trombidiformes |
| Family: | Trombidiidae |
| Genus: | *Trombidium* |
| Species: | ***T. auroraense*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Trombidium auroraense***<br>Vercammen-Grandjean, Van Driesche & Gyrisco, 1977 | |
|