title: Palette (song)

abstract: "Palette" is a song recorded by South Korean singers IU and G-Dragon for the fourth studio album of the same title. IU herself composed the music and penned the lyrics with the collaboration of G-Dragon. The song was released on April 21, 2017, in conjunction with the release of the album as the album's third single, following "Through the Night" and "Can't Love You Anymore". "Palette" received extremely positive feedback and was a commercial success topping all the major music sites in South Korea. The song debuted atop the Gaon Digital Chart, becoming IU's 16th number one single in South Korea. The song’s accompanying music video was directed by Lee Rae-kyung, and was the most viewed Korean music video by a female soloist on YouTube in 2017.

text:
# Palette (song)

"**Palette**" (팔레트; *Palleteu*) is a song recorded by South Korean singers IU and G-Dragon for the fourth studio album of the same title. IU herself composed the music and penned the lyrics with the collaboration of G-Dragon. The song was released on April 21, 2017, in conjunction with the release of the album as the album's third single, following "Through the Night" and "Can't Love You Anymore".

"Palette" received extremely positive feedback and was a commercial success topping all the major music sites in South Korea. The song debuted atop the Gaon Digital Chart, becoming IU's 16th number one single in South Korea. The song’s accompanying music video was directed by Lee Rae-kyung, and was the most viewed Korean music video by a female soloist on YouTube in 2017.

## Background and music

"Palette" is a fizzy, electro-pop track which is considered the centerpiece of IU's album and has strong R&B leanings and is described as a charming millennial coming-of-age song with clever word play. The track was written by IU and G-Dragon, while it was produced and composed by IU. It runs for three minutes and thirty seven seconds and is performed in the key of C. The tempo runs at 103 beats per minute and is set in a 4/4 time signature. Lyrically, the song feels like a declaration of who IU really is. The track describes that now, IU is confident in herself and though she still has questions about herself, she's at least moving forward with self-assurance.

## Critical reception

"Palette" received universal acclaim from music critics praising IU's skill as a songwriter and her clever use of word play. The song's message about self-examination and G-Dragon's rap was also praised by critics.

*Billboard* magazine listed "Palette" at number six on its list of "Best K-Pop Songs of 2017", explaining "The mellow-dy belies a topsy-turvy world of self-satire, idiosyncratic sound effects and throwbacks to older eras." while describing the song as catchy. The New York Times Magazine featured the song on its list of "25 Songs That Tell Us Where Music Is Going" appreciating IU’s ability as a singer-songwriter to project authenticity in K-pop.

## Commercial performance

The song shot to the top of the Instiz iChart upon release, and eventually achieved a Perfect All-Kill, as the single hit Number 1 on all of the major South Korean music sites simultaneously. "Palette" is her tenth career Perfect All-Kill (IU has since extended this number to 12 Perfect All-Kills). Upon its week of release, the song placed first on the Gaon Digital Charts for the 16th charting week of the year - April 16 to 22 - despite being released the 21st of that month. The song became IU's 16th number one song on the Gaon Digital Chart. The following week the song stayed at number one on the chart achieving a "Triple Crown" for taking Number 1 on the Gaon Combined Digital Chart, Online Download Chart and Online Streaming Chart.

On the week of release, the song sold 207,139 downloads according to Gaon; a number which increased to 223,228 during its second week of release. "Palette" also pulled strong streaming numbers, being streamed 2,930,672 times during its first two days of release; a number which increased to 8,859,769 the following week of release. The song stayed a total of three weeks at the top of Gaon's Online Streaming Chart. By the end of 2017, 1,817,177 downloads of the song have been sold in South Korea according to Gaon, making it the fourth best selling song of the year. It has accumulated over 100 million streams.

## Music video and promotion

The accompanying music video was directed by Lee Rae-kyung, and released alongside the song. It became IU's first music video to surpass 100 million views. Upon the release of her album "Palette," IU began promoting on music shows. She first performed "Palette" on April 23's episode of Inkigayo, where her pre-release track, "Through the Night" had won the previous week. IU also performed this song during the 104th episode of Picnic Live Season 2 and during the 882nd episode of Music Bank. Yu Huiyeol's Sketchbook was another televised broadcast featuring a performance of the song where she performed a different version of the song with some changes in the lyrics. She also performed the song at the 7th Gaon Chart Music Awards alongside "Through the Night".

IU has also presented the song at various concerts and musical festivals throughout the year. In most of her live performances of the song, IU is accompanied by several dancers as they perform the choreography featured in the music video.

## Accolades

Music program awards (10 total)
| Program | Date | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- |
| *M Countdown* | April 27, 2017 |  |
| | May 4, 2017 |  |
| *Show! Music Core* | April 29, 2017 |  |
| | May 6, 2017 |  |
| *Inkigayo* | April 30, 2017 |  |
| | May 7, 2017 |  |
| | May 14, 2017 |  |
| *Music Bank* | May 5, 2017 |  |
| | May 19, 2017 |  |
| *Show Champion* | May 17, 2017 |  |

## Chart performance

## Sales

| Country | Units |
| --- | --- |
| South Korea (digital) | 2,500,000 |

## InfoBox

| "Palette" | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by IU featuring G-Dragon | |
| from the album  *Palette* | |
| Released | April 21, 2017 |
| Genre | Electropop |
| Length | 3:37 |
| Label | Fave |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| IU singles chronology | |
| "Can't Love You Anymore"
(2017) "**Palette**"
(2017) "Dear Name"
(2017) | |
|  | |
| G-Dragon singles chronology | |
| "Zutter"
(2015) "**Palette**"
(2017) "Untitled, 2014"
(2017) | |
| Audio sample | |
|  | |
| Music video | |
| "Palette" on YouTube | |
|  | |


title: Palette (computing)

abstract: In computer graphics, a palette is the set of available colors from which an image can be made. In some systems, the palette is fixed by the hardware design, and in others it is dynamic, typically implemented via a color lookup table (CLUT), a correspondence table in which selected colors from a certain color space's color reproduction range are assigned an index, by which they can be referenced. By referencing the colors via an index, which takes less information than needed to describe the actual colors in the color space, this technique aims to reduce data usage, including processing, transfer bandwidth, RAM usage, and storage. Images in which colors are indicated by references to a CLUT are called indexed color images.

text:
# Palette (computing)

Sample imageThe palette used in the image, shown rotating about the RGB color space

In computer graphics, a **palette** is the set of available colors from which an image can be made. In some systems, the palette is fixed by the hardware design, and in others it is dynamic, typically implemented via a **color lookup table** (CLUT), a correspondence table in which selected colors from a certain color space's color reproduction range are assigned an index, by which they can be referenced. By referencing the colors via an index, which takes less information than needed to describe the actual colors in the color space, this technique aims to reduce data usage, including processing, transfer bandwidth, RAM usage, and storage. Images in which colors are indicated by references to a CLUT are called indexed color images.

## Description

As of 2019, the most common image colorspace in graphics cards is the RGB color model with 8 bits per pixel color depth. Using this technique, 8 bits per pixel are used to describe the luminance level in each of the RGB channels, therefore 24 bits fully describe the color of each pixel. The full system palette for such hardware therefore has 224 colors. The objective of the usage of smaller palettes via CLUTs is to lower the number of bits per pixel by reducing the set of possible colors that are to be handled at once (often using adaptive methods). Each possible color is assigned an index, which allows each color to be referenced using less information than needed to fully describe the color. An example is the 256-color palette commonly used in the GIF file format, in which 256 colors to be used to represent an image are selected from the whole 24 bit color space, each being assigned an 8 bit index. This way, while the system can potentially reproduce any color in the RGB color space (as long as the 256 color restriction allows), the storage requirement per pixel is lowered from 24 to 8 bits per pixel.

## Master palette

In an application showing many different image thumbnails in a mosaic on screen, the program may not be able to load all the adaptive palettes of every displayed image thumbnail at the same time in the hardware color registers. A solution is to use a unique, common *master palette* or *universal palette*, which can be used to display with reasonable accuracy any kind of image.

This is done by selecting colors in such way that the master palette comprises a full RGB color space "in miniature", limiting the possible levels that the red, green, and blue components may have. This kind of arrangement is sometimes referred to as a *uniform palette*. The normal human eye has sensibility to the three primary colors in different degrees: the more to the green, the less to the blue. So RGB arrangements can take advantage of this by assigning more levels for the green component and fewer to the blue.

A master palette built this way can be filled with up to 8R×8G×4B = 256 colors, but this does not leave space in the palette for reserved colors, color indices that the program could use for special purposes. It is more general to use only 6R×6G×6B = 216 (as in the Web colors case), 6R×8G×5B = 240 or 6R×7G×6B = 252, which leaves room for some reserved colors.

Then, when loading the mosaic of image thumbnails (or other heterogeneous images), the program simply maps every original indexed color pixel to its most approximated in the master palette (after dumping this into the hardware color registers), and writes the result in the video buffer. Here is a sample of a simple mosaic of the four image thumbnails using a master palette of 240 RGB arranged colors plus 16 additional intermediate shades of gray; all images are put together without a significant loss of color accuracy:

## Adaptive palette

When using indexed color techniques, real life images are represented with better fidelity to the truecolor original one by using adaptive palettes (sometimes termed *adaptative palettes*), in which the colors are selected or quantized through some algorithm directly from the original image (by picking the most frequent colors). This way, and with further dithering, the indexed color image can nearly match the original.

But this creates a heavy dependence between the image pixels and its adaptive palette. Assuming a limited 8-bit depth graphic display, it is necessary to load a given image's adaptive palette into the color hardware registers prior to loading the image surface itself into the frame buffer. To display different images with different adaptive palettes, they must be loaded one by one, as in a slideshow. Here are samples of four different indexed color images with color patches to show their respective (and largely incompatible) adaptive palettes:

|  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |

## Transparency in palettes

A single palette entry in an indexed color image can be designated as a *transparent* color, in order to perform a simple video overlay: superimposing a given image over a background in such way that some part of the overlapped image obscures the background and the remaining not. Superimposing film/TV titles and credits is a typical application of video overlay.

In the image to be superimposed (indexed color is assumed), a given palette entry plays the role of the transparent color. Usually the index number 0, but other may be chosen if the overlay is performed by software. At design time, the transparent color palette entry is assigned to an arbitrary (usually distinctive) color. In the example below, a typical arrow pointer for a pointing device is designed over an orange background, so here the orange areas denoted the transparent areas (left). At runtime, the overlapped image is placed anywhere over the background image, and it is blended in such way that if the pixel color index is the transparent color, the background pixel is kept, otherwise it is replaced.

This technique is used for pointers, in typical 2-D videogames for characters, bullets and so on (the sprites), video titling and other image mixing applications.

Some early computers, as Commodore 64, MSX and Amiga supports sprites and/or full screen video overlay by hardware. In these cases, the transparent palette entry number is defined by the hardware, and it used to be the number 0.

Some indexed color image file formats as GIF natively support the designation of a given palette entry as *transparent*, freely selectable among any of the palette entries used for a given image.
The BMP file format reserves space for Alpha channel values in its Color Table, however currently this space is not being used to hold any translucency data and is set to zero. By contrast, PNG supports alpha channels in palette entries, enabling semi-transparency in paletted images.

When dealing with truecolor images, some video mixing equipment can employ the RGB triplet (0,0,0) (no red, no green, no blue: the darkest shade of black, sometimes referred as *superblack* in this context) as the transparent color. At design time, it is replaced by the so-called magic pink. The same way, typical desktop publishing software can assume pure white, RGB triplet (255,255,255) from photos and illustrations to be excluded in order to let the text paragraphs *to invade* the image's bounding box for irregular text arrangement around the image's subjects.

2-D painting programs, like Microsoft Paint and Deluxe Paint, can employ the user designated *background color* as the transparent color when performing cut, copy, and paste operations.

Although related (due to they are used for the same purposes), image bit masks and alpha channels are techniques which do not involve the use of palettes nor transparent color at all, but off-image added extra binary data layers.

## Software palettes

### Microsoft Windows

Microsoft Windows applications manage the palette of 4-bit or 8-bit indexed color display devices through specialized functions of the Win32 API. The applicability of palettes in Highcolor and Truecolor display modes becomes questionable. These APIs deals with the so-called "system palette" and with many "logical palettes".

The "system palette" is a copy in RAM of the color display's hardware registers, primarily a physical palette, and it is a unique, shared common resource of the system. At boot, it is loaded with the default system palette (mainly a "master palette" which works well enough with most programs).

When a given application intends to output colorized graphics and/or images, it can set their own "logical palette", that is, its own private selection of colors (up to 256). It is supposed that every graphic element that the application tries to show on screen employs the colors of its logical palette. Every program can manage freely one or more logical palettes without further expected interference (in advance).

Before the output is effectively made, the program must *realize* its logical palette: The system tries to match the "logical" colors with "physical" ones. If an intended color is already present in the system palette, the system internally maps the logical to the system palette indexes (because they rarely coincide). If the intended color is not present yet, the system applies an internal algorithm to discard the least-used color in the system palette (generally, one used by another window in the background) and substitutes it with the new color. Due to there being limited room for colors in the system palette, the algorithm also tries to remap similar colors together and will always avoid creating redundant colors.

The final result depends on how many applications are trying to show their colors on screen at the same time. The foreground window is always favored, so background windows may behave in different ways: from become corrupted to quickly redraw themselves. When the system palette changes, the system triggers a specific event to inform every application. When received, a window can quickly redraw itself using a single Win32 API function. But this must be done explicitly in the program code; hence the fact that many programs fail to handle this event, and their windows will become corrupt in this situation.

An application can force the system palette to be loaded with specific colors (even in a specific order), "tricking" the system by telling it they are color entries intended for animation (quick color changes of the colors in the physical palette at specific entries). The system will then assume that those hardware palette entries no longer are free for its palette color management algorithm. The final result depends on the skills of the color-forcing program and the behavior of the other programs (although this problem is the same as in the regular case), and that of the operating system itself.

* Julio Sanchez and Maria P. Canton (2003). *The PC Graphics Handbook.* CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-1678-2.
* Color palettes at Microsoft Developer Network (MSDN)
* The RGBQUAD color table entry in BITMAPINFO structure at Microsoft Developer Network (MSDN)


title: Panaqolus gnomus

abstract: Panaqolus gnomus, sometimes known as the dwarf panaque, is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is a freshwater fish native to South America, where it occurs in the basins of the Pastaza River and the Marañón River. The species reaches 7.1 cm SL. It is the type species of the genus Panaqolus, which was historically considered to be a clade of small-sized species within the genus Panaque, hence the common name of this species.

text:
# Panaqolus gnomus

***Panaqolus gnomus***, sometimes known as the **dwarf panaque**, is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is a freshwater fish native to South America, where it occurs in the basins of the Pastaza River and the Marañón River. The species reaches 7.1 cm (2.8 inches) SL. It is the type species of the genus *Panaqolus*, which was historically considered to be a clade of small-sized species within the genus *Panaque*, hence the common name of this species.

## InfoBox

| *Panaqolus gnomus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Siluriformes |
| Family: | Loricariidae |
| Genus: | *Panaqolus* |
| Species: | ***P. gnomus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Panaqolus gnomus***<br>(Schaefer & Stewart, 1993) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Panaque gnomus* | |


title: Vanesa Cejudo

abstract: Vanesa Cejudo Mejías is a Spanish sociologist, and a researcher and critic of contemporary visual culture. She advocates for the use of art in education, having worked both as an artist and as a professor at the Pontifical University of Salamanca. She also promotes the work of women in the Spanish art community as a director of the Asociación de Mujeres en las Artes Visuales (MAV).

text:
# Vanesa Cejudo

**Vanesa Cejudo Mejías** is a Spanish sociologist, and a researcher and critic of contemporary visual culture. She advocates for the use of art in education, having worked both as an artist and as a professor at the Pontifical University of Salamanca. She also promotes the work of women in the Spanish art community as a director of the Asociación de Mujeres en las Artes Visuales (MAV) (the Association of Women in the Visual Arts).

## Early life and education

Cejudo studied sociology at the Pontifical University of Salamanca in Madrid, earning a bachelor's degree in sociology with a specialty in social psychology in 1997. At the Complutense University of Madrid, she obtained a certificate of teaching proficiency in 2006. Cejudo then studied at the Escuela de Arte La Palma in Madrid, where she trained as a technician in Plastic Arts, Design, and the Applied Arts of Sculpture, earning a higher technical degree in 2007. In 2016, she obtained a doctorate in the faculty of History and Arts at the University of Granada. Her doctoral thesis was supervised by Isidro López-Aparicio (es), and was called *La mediación cultural: Mecanismos de porosidad para construir cultura contemporánea sostenible* (Cultural mediation: Porosity mechanisms to build contemporary sustainable culture).

## Career

Cejudo is a founder of *Pensart*, a non-profit organization dedicated to cultural mediation. She is also a founder of *Exprimento Limón*, a group that experiments with ways to teach science, technology and humanities through art. She is the deputy director and art critic at *Brit-Es Magazine*.

Cejudo has worked, through scholarships from the Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation, in countries including Senegal, Angola, Venezuela and Guatemala. Cejudo has also worked as a professor at the Pontifical University of Salamanca.

Cejudo has been a member of the board of the Asociación de Mujeres en las Artes Visuales (MAV) since 2016, and in May 2020 she became the Vice President of the organization. MAV is a feminist organization that seeks to promote women in the Spanish art scene, in which men have traditionally been overrepresented, and to promote art that centers women and their experiences. An example of an initiative that Cejudo undertook with the organization is advocating that there be gender parity on awards committee in major art contests in Spain; after that was achieved, the group observed that the number of women winning awards also rose.

In 2017, Cejudo and her partners at *Pensart* launched the project *Making Art Happen* in both Madrid and London, which aims to demonstrate that art can be used in the classroom as a successful means of teaching other subjects like science and the humanities.

## InfoBox

| Vanesa Cejudo Mejías | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Nationality | Spanish |
| Occupations | * Sociologist * Art critic |


title: Mimipochira fruhstorferi

abstract: Mimipochira fruhstorferi is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Breuning in 1956.

text:
# Mimipochira fruhstorferi

***Mimipochira fruhstorferi*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Breuning in 1956.

## InfoBox

| *Mimipochira fruhstorferi* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Suborder: | Polyphaga |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | ***Mimipochira*** |
| Species: | ***M. fruhstorferi*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mimipochira fruhstorferi***<br>Breuning, 1956 | |
|


title: Tom Kerwick

abstract: Thomas P. Kerwick was an Irish hurler who played for the Tipperary senior team between 1906 and 1912.

text:
# Tom Kerwick

**Thomas P. Kerwick** (27 June 1885 – 9 February 1929) was an Irish hurler who played for the Tipperary senior team between 1906 and 1912.

## Biography

Kerwick joined the team during the 1906 championship and was a regular member of the starting fifteen until his retirement after the 1912 championship. During that time he won two All-Ireland medals and three Munster medals.

At club level Kerwick won numerous county championship medals with Thurles Sarsfields.

## Honours

Thurles Sarsfields Tipperary

## InfoBox

Tom Kerwick
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Irish name | *Tomás Ó Ciarmhaic* | | |
| Sport | Hurling | | |
| Born | (1885-06-27)27 June 1885
Thurles, County Tipperary, Ireland | | |
| Died | 9 February 1929(1929-02-09) (aged 43)
Westport, County Mayo, Ireland | | |
| Occupation | Carpenter | | |
| Club(s) | | | |
| Years | **Club** | | |
|  | Thurles Sarsfield's | | |
| Club titles | | | |
| Tipperary titles | 6 | | |
| Inter-county(ies) | | | |
| Years | **County** | | |
| 1906-1912 | Tipperary | | |
| Inter-county titles | | | |
| Munster titles | 3 | | |
| All-Irelands | 2 | | |


abstract: The Headies Award for Lyricist on the Roll is an award presented at The Headies, a ceremony that was established in 2006 and originally called the Hip Hop World Awards. It was first presented to Mode 9 in 2006, the category is one of six categories not open to public voting.

text:
# The Headies Award for Lyricist on the Roll

**The Headies Award for Lyricist on the Roll** is an award presented at The Headies, a ceremony that was established in 2006 and originally called the Hip Hop World Awards. It was first presented to Mode 9 in 2006, the category is one of six categories not open to public voting.

## Recipients

| Lyricist on the Roll | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Year | Nominees | Result |
| 2020 | "Country" – Illbliss | Won |
| | "Eunice" – A-Q | Nominated |
| | "Define Rap 2" – Blaqbonez | Nominated |
| | "Trinity" – M.I | Nominated |
| | "Get The Info" – Phenom | Nominated |
| | "Speak Life" – Phyno | Nominated |
| 2019 | "Crown" – A-Q | Won |
| | "Balance" – Ycee | Nominated |
| | "Implode" – Boogey | Nominated |
| | "Implode" – Paybac | Nominated |
| | "Crown" – Ghost | Nominated |
| | "Crown" – Tec | Nominated |
| 2018 | "You Rappers Should Fix Up Your Lives" – M.I | Won |
| | "Political Science" – A-Q | Nominated |
| | "Liquor Night" – Boogey | Nominated |
| | "Industry Nite" – Erigga | Nominated |
| 2016 | "Chukwu Agozi Gogi" – Illbliss | Won |
| | "Asamalekun" – Reminisce | Nominated |
| | "Jagaban" – Ycee | Nominated |
| | "No Matter What" – Mode 9 | Nominated |
| | "Agu Ji Ndi Men" – A-Q | Nominated |
| | "Show You Something" – Boogey | Nominated |
| 2015 | "King Kong" – Vector | Won |
| | "Bank Alert" – Illbliss | Nominated |
| | "Baba Hafusa" – Reminisce | Nominated |
| | "T.R" – G.O.D | Nominated |
| 2014 | "God on the Mic" – Jesse Jagz | Won |
| | "Kpansh" – Yung6ix | Nominated |
| | "Shots on Shots" – Ice Prince and Sarkodie | Nominated |
| | "Rap It Up" – Posly TD | Nominated |
| 2013 | "Let It Go" – Mode 9 | Won |
| | "Voice of the Streets" – Olamide | Nominated |
| | "Sanctum" – Boogey | Nominated |
| | "Man of the Year" – Phyno | Nominated |
| 2012 | "Angeli" – Vector | Won |
| | "Too Much Money" – Iceberg Slim | Nominated |
| | "Shutdown" – Phyno | Nominated |
| | "Oh My Gosh" – Yung6ix | Nominated |
| | "Mo Street Gan" – Erigga | Nominated |
| 2011 | "Rhyme Tight" – Mode 9 | Won |
| | "Oleku" – Ice Prince | Nominated |
| | "Boys Are Not Smiling" – Terry Tha Rapman | Nominated |
| | "Undisputed" – M.I | Nominated |
| | "Get Down" – Vector |
| 2010 | "Bad Man" – Mode 9 | Won |
| | "Somebody Wants to Die" – M.I | Nominated |
| | "Sample (Remix)" – Pherowshuz | Nominated |
| | "Got to Love Me" – OD | Nominated |
| 2009 | "Nine" – Mode 9 | Won |
| | "Talk About it" – M.I | Nominated |
| | "Esa Lo Ba De" – Lord of Ajasa | Nominated |
| | "Pon Pon Pon" – Da Grin | Nominated |
| 2008 | "Contradiction" - Mode 9 | Won |
| | "Crowd Mentality" - M.I | Nominated |
| | "Ruggedy Baba" – Ruggedman | Nominated |
| | "Only 4 Naija" – Terry tha Rapman | Nominated |
| 2007 | "-" – Mode 9 | Won |
| 2006 | "-" – Mode 9 | Won |

## Category records

**Most wins**

| Rank | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Artist | Mode 9 | Vector | Jesse Jagz
Illbliss
M.I
A-Q |
| Total wins | 7 Wins | 2 Wins | 1 Win |

**Most nominations**

| Rank | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Artist | Mode 9 | M.I Abaga | Boogey
A-Q | Vector
Illbliss
Phyno |
| Total noms. | 8 noms. | 6 noms. | 4 noms. | 3 noms. |

1. "Winners - The Headies 2006". Hip Hop World Magazine. Retrieved 24 March 2019.
2. Motolani Alake (January 21, 2021). "Here is the complete list of winners at the 14th Headies". Pulse Nigeria. Retrieved 2021-02-22.
3. Gbenga Bada (October 20, 2019). "Headies 2019: Here are all the winners at the 13th edition of music award". Pulse Nigeria. Retrieved 2019-10-20.
4. Billy Praise (5 May 2018). "The HEADIES 2018: Full List Of Winners". Guardian Life. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
5. "The Headies Awards 2016: Complete list of Nominees - INFORMATION NIGERIA". *INFORMATION NIGERIA*. 9 November 2016. Retrieved 15 May 2018.
6. "Headies Awards 2015: Full List Of Winners". Channelstv.com. Retrieved 2021-01-22.
7. "Nigeria: Headies 2014 - Davido, Olamide, Patoranking, Mavins Win Big, Wizkid Missing". allAfrica. 15 December 2014. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
8. "Olamide wins big @ Headies 2013 + full list of winners". Vanguardngr.com. 2013-12-27. Retrieved 2014-05-17.
9. "Vector, DavidO, Psquare clear Headies awards". Channelstv.com. Retrieved 2014-05-17.
10. "Psquare, Bez lead Headies 2012 nominees list". Vanguardngr.com. 2012-08-28. Retrieved 2014-05-17.
11. Alhaji Sorie Kamara Says. "Hip-Hop World Awards". Golden Icons. Retrieved 2014-05-17.
12. "The Headies 2011 Nominees Announced". Fabmagazineonline.com. 2011-08-02. Retrieved 2014-05-17.
13. Source: http://.nigeriafilms.com (2009-05-17). "Hip Hop World Awards 2009 winners". Modernghana.com. Retrieved 2014-05-17.
14. "HipHop World Awards 2009 Nominees Announced". Bella Naija. 2009-03-12. Retrieved 2014-05-17.
15. Greg (2008-03-31). "The Hip Hop World Awards". World Hip Hop Market. Retrieved 2014-05-17.

## InfoBox

| The Headies Award for Lyricist on the Roll | |
| --- | --- |
| Awarded for | The rapper with the best lyrical depth and performance on a single song or album in the year under review |
| Country | Nigeria |
| Presented by | *Hip Hop World Magazine* |
| First awarded | 2006 |
| Last awarded | 2019 |
| Website | theheadies.com |


abstract: Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) is a rare medical condition in which there is uveitis together with tubulointerstitial nephritis.

text:
# Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis

**Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis** (**TINU**) is a rare medical condition in which there is uveitis (inflammation of the uvea in the eye) together with tubulointerstitial nephritis (inflammation of the tubules inside the kidney).

## Symptoms and signs

Uveitis may cause pain of the affected eye together with changes in vision. It may be accompanied by nonspecific systemic symptoms such as fever, involuntary weight loss, fatigue, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, and joint pains.

Laboratory diagnosis We can see increased eosinophils under microscope after biopsy.

## Management

## History

It was first described in 1975.

1. Mackensen, F; Billing, H (November 2009). "Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis syndrome". *Current Opinion in Ophthalmology*. **20** (6): 525–31. doi:10.1097/ICU.0b013e3283318f9a. PMID 19752730. S2CID 11461472.
2. Dobrin, RS; Vernier, RL; Fish, AL (September 1975). "Acute eosinophilic interstitial nephritis and renal failure with bone marrow-lymph node granulomas and anterior uveitis. A new syndrome". *The American Journal of Medicine*. **59** (3): 325–33. doi:10.1016/0002-9343(75)90390-3. PMID 1163543.

## InfoBox

| Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis | |
| --- | --- |
| Other names | Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis syndrome |
| Specialty | Ophthalmology |


title: Western Railway Stadium

abstract: Western Railway Stadium is a multi purpose stadium in Bhavnagar, Saurashtra. The ground is mainly used for organizing matches of football, cricket and other sports. The stadium has hosted three first-class matches in 1962 when Saurashtra cricket team played against Maharashtra cricket team. The ground hosted four more first-class matches from 1967 to 1981 but since then the stadium has not hosted any matches.

text:
# Western Railway Stadium

**Western Railway Stadium** is a multi purpose stadium in Bhavnagar, Saurashtra. The ground is mainly used for organizing matches of football, cricket and other sports. The stadium has hosted three first-class matches in 1962 when Saurashtra cricket team played against Maharashtra cricket team. The ground hosted four more first-class matches from 1967 to 1981 but since then the stadium has not hosted any matches.

## InfoBox

Western Railway Stadium
| Full name | Western Railway Stadium |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Bhavnagar, Saurashtra |
| Owner | Western Railway |
| Operator | Western Railway |
| Capacity | 5,000 |
| Construction | |
| Broke ground | 1962 |
| Opened | 1962 |
| Website | |
| Cricinfo | |


title: WBST

abstract: WBST is a National Public Radio-affiliated station in Muncie, Indiana. Studios and offices are located at Ball State University. WBST serves as the flagship station for Indiana Public Radio, which can be heard on three other stations in East-Central Indiana. Programming mainly consists of news and talk programs provided by National Public Radio as well as classical music. David Letterman began his broadcasting career at this station. Beginning as a "disc jockey, Letterman was frequently late for work and sneaked forbidden cigarettes into the studio, thus getting on the wrong side of Tom Watson." He was later fired for treating classical music with irreverence.

text:
# WBST

**WBST** (92.1 FM) is a National Public Radio-affiliated station in Muncie, Indiana. Studios and offices are located at Ball State University. WBST serves as the flagship station for Indiana Public Radio, which can be heard on three other stations in East-Central Indiana.

Programming mainly consists of news and talk programs provided by National Public Radio as well as classical music.

David Letterman began his broadcasting career at this station. Beginning as a "disc jockey, Letterman was frequently late for work and sneaked forbidden cigarettes into the studio, thus getting on the wrong side of Tom Watson." He was later fired for treating classical music with irreverence.

## Brief History

In 1950, Ball State University first introduced radio to campus and city of Muncie. Beginning as a minor project of Robert Robins and situated in the basement at North Hall, WBST quickly grew and expanded. Occurring as a result of an expansive building program, WBST relocated to the Center for Radio and Television and by 1960, had acquired a 10-watt transmitter which allowed their broadcasts to reach the entire campus. Soon, however, this change would not be enough as less than 6 years later, Ball State would demand and receive the rights to build a new radio tower which increased their wattage from 10 to 3,000 which allowed the station to enjoy a larger range which it now still utilizes as of 2018.

### Radio Tower Controversy

As Ball State was expanding in the post World War II years, it became apparent that they needed to improve their radio programming. All across the United States, colleges and universities began creating or improving upon their radio and television broadcasting capabilities, and Ball State was quick to adapt. This eventually led officials to allocate around $75,000 to help fund the construction for a new site, tower, and transmitter. However, after the tower's new site along Nebo Road in North Muncie was established, citizens began to express concerns pertaining to decreased property values as a result of the tower, poor television reception caused by interference, and zoning problems. After much debate and threats of Injunctions against the University, this tower was finally completed in the summer of 1978 and WBST could now reach much of East-Central Indiana.

### Broader Context

After the end of World War II, American colleges and universities became engorged with a "veteran bulge" as thousands of former military personnel took advantage of the G.I. Bill, and pursued higher education. This then promoted a growth in various educational programs such as radio and later television. This surge in interest then permitted the use of such programs for educational purposes such as listening to school broadcasts, educational records, government speeches, radio courses, school sponsored programs.

A growing concern pertaining to the direction university-run radio would lead, seemed to emerge while this growth was occurring. This issue related to the topic of whether or not University radio would be devoted to commercialization or public radio. Many universities, attempting to blend the two concepts, consequently struggled as "they could not overcome the fundamental contradiction." However, this was a concept that Ball State, as well as many other universities attempted, as in 1951, WBST introduced commercials to their programming.

### Conclusion

Overall then, after World War II, collegiate radio programs grew all over the country and Ball State University was no exception. Having humble beginnings with a 10 watt transmitter and no real place to operate, WBST grew to 3,000 watts, employed a devoted staff, a scholarly program, from which David Letterman was a part, and an expensive tower that increased the range of the station. WBST, similar to the programs across the country, grew during this time and became an important addition to Ball State University.

## Indiana Public Radio

In 1997, programming from WBST expanded to 4 newly licensed full power stations, also owned by Ball State University, to bring the rest of East-central Indiana an outlet for Public Radio. One of these stations, WBSJ in Portland, Indiana, went off the air on January 4, 2019 due to the failure of its transmitter, and the university decided against replacing the transmitter due to the cost.

| Call sign | Frequency | City of license | FID | ERP () | HAAT | Class | FCC info |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| WBSB | 89.5 FM | Anderson, Indiana | 3650 | 400 | 111  (364 ft) | A | LMS |
| WBSH | 91.1 FM | Hagerstown, Indiana | 3648 | 8,000 vertical
300 horizontal | 66 m (217 ft) | B1 | LMS |
| WBSW | 90.9 FM | Marion, Indiana | 3649 | 2,400 vertical
1,000 horizontal | 94 m (308 ft) | A | LMS |

## InfoBox

WBST
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Frequency | 92.1 MHz |
| Branding | *Indiana Public Radio* |
| Programming | |
| Format | Public radio |
| Affiliations | National Public Radio |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Ball State University |
| History | |
| First air date | 1952 |
| Call sign meaning | **B**all **ST**ate |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 3645 |
| Class | A |
| ERP | 3,000 watts |
| HAAT | 91 meters (299 ft) |
| Transmitter coordinates | 40°12′48″N 85°27′36″W / 40.21333°N 85.46000°W / 40.21333; -85.46000 |
| Repeater(s) | WBSB, WBSH, WBSW |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Webcast | Listen Live |
| Website | indianapublicradio.org |


title: Västergötlands storregemente

abstract: Västergötlands storregemente or Landsregementet i Västergötland was one of the nine grand regiments organized by Gustavus Adolphus in the late 1610s and split into smaller regiments in the 1620s.

text:
# Västergötlands storregemente

***Västergötlands storregemente*** or ***Landsregementet i Västergötland*** (Västergötland Grand Regiment, Regiment of the Land in Västergötland) was one of the nine grand regiments organized by Gustavus Adolphus in the late 1610s and split into smaller regiments in the 1620s.

## History

Raised in Götaland from smaller units of 500 men called *fänikor*, more specifically from the provinces of Västergötland and Dalsland and the counties of Skaraborg and Älvsborg, in 1613 and counting 3,000 men. The grand regiment was in turn organized into three field regiments (*fältregementen*) and a cavalry regiment, thus actually being more like a brigade in spite of the name.

The regiment did not take part in any campaign during its short lifetime. The grand regiments of Sweden where reorganized during the early 1620s to consist of three field regiments, each of eight companies of 150 men, thus making the total number 3,600 soldiers per grand regiment. It is unsure whether or not the cavalry regiment was included in the total number.

Between 1621 and 1624, the regiment was split into four smaller regiments, Skaraborg Regiment, Älvsborg Regiment, Västergötland-Dalsland Regiment and Västergötland Cavalry Regiment.

## Campaigns

* None.

## Organization

Before being split, the regiment was organized as follows:

* *1:a fältregementet* (1st Field Regiment)
    + 5 companies from Skaraborg County
    + 3 companies from Älvsborg County
* *2:a fältregementet* (2nd Field Regiment)
    + 5 companies from Älvsborg County
    + 3 companies from Skaraborg County
* *3:e fältregementet* (3rd Field Regiment)
    + 4 companies from Älvsborg County
    + 4 companies from Dalsland
* *Kavalleriregementet* (Cavalry Regiment)
    + 8 companies from Västergötland

## InfoBox

| Västergötlands storregemente | |
| --- | --- |
| Active | 1613, 1621-1624 |
| Country | Sweden |
| Allegiance | Gustavus Adolphus |
| Type | mixed regiment or brigade |


title: Melanella gratiosa

abstract: Melanella gratiosa is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Eulimidae..

text:
# Melanella gratiosa

***Melanella gratiosa*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Eulimidae. .

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off the Agulhas Bank, South Africa.

* Thiele J. (1925). Gastropoden der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition. II Teil. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer "Valdivia" 1898-1899. 17(2): 35-382, pls 13-46

## InfoBox

| *Melanella gratiosa* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Littorinimorpha |
| Family: | Eulimidae |
| Genus: | *Melanella* |
| Species: | ***M. gratiosa*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Melanella gratiosa***<br>(Thiele, 1925) | |
|


title: Mediterranean Murder

abstract: Mediterranean Murder is a 1951 mystery detective novel by the British writer Anne Hocking. Written during the Golden Age of Detective Fiction, it was the twelfth entry in her series featuring Chief Inspector William Austen of Scotland Yard. It was published in the United States by Doubleday under the alternative title Killing Kin.

text:
# Mediterranean Murder

***Mediterranean Murder*** is a 1951 mystery detective novel by the British writer Anne Hocking. Written during the Golden Age of Detective Fiction, it was the twelfth entry in her series featuring Chief Inspector William Austen of Scotland Yard. It was published in the United States by Doubleday under the alternative title ***Killing Kin***.

## Synopsis

While on holiday in Blanes on the coast of Spain, Austen assists the investigation into the murder of wealthy Mrs Bentham, a British holidaymaker killed shortly after her arrival. Her son Donald is an obvious suspect, as he will now inherit her fortune, but he fears for his own life from his various cousins who will receive the money if he is now killed.

## Bibliography

* Hubin, Allen J. *1981-1985 Supplement to Crime Fiction, 1749-1980*. Garland Pub., 1988.
* Nehr, Ellen. *Doubleday Crime Club Compendium, 1928-1991*. Offspring Press, 1992.
* Reilly, John M. *Twentieth Century Crime & Mystery Writers*. Springer, 2015.

## InfoBox

Mediterranean Murder
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Anne Hocking |
| Language | English |
| Series | Chief Inspector William Austen |
| Genre | Detective |
| Publisher | Evans |
| Publication date | 1951 |
| Publication place | United Kingdom |
| Media type | Print |
| Preceded by | *Death Disturbs Mr. Jefferson* |
| Followed by | *There's Death in the Cup* |


title: WFAR

abstract: WFAR is a radio station licensed to serve Danbury, Connecticut. The station is owned by Danbury Community Radio, Inc. It airs a Christian radio format from 2 a.m. to 2 p.m. each day with the remaining time filled by a variety of ethnic and local programming blocks. The station broadcasts in English, Spanish, Portuguese, and Italian. The station was assigned the WFAR call letters by the Federal Communications Commission on January 20, 1984.

text:
# WFAR

**WFAR** (93.3 FM) is a radio station licensed to serve Danbury, Connecticut. The station is owned by Danbury Community Radio, Inc. It airs a Christian radio format from 2 a.m. to 2 p.m. each day with the remaining time filled by a variety of ethnic and local programming blocks. The station broadcasts in English, Spanish, Portuguese, and Italian.

The station was assigned the WFAR call letters by the Federal Communications Commission on January 20, 1984.

## InfoBox

WFAR
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Frequency | 93.3 MHz |
| Programming | |
| Language(s) | English, Spanish, Portuguese, and Italian |
| Format | Christian; ethnic |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Danbury Community Radio, Inc. |
| History | |
| First air date | July 19, 1981 (1981-07-19) |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 15393 |
| Class | D |
| ERP | 15 watts |
| HAAT | 62 meters (203 ft) |
| Transmitter coordinates | 41°23′44″N 73°25′24″W / 41.39556°N 73.42333°W / 41.39556; -73.42333 |
| Repeater(s) |  |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Webcast | Listen live |
| Website | www.radiofamilia.com |


title: WE, Invaders

abstract: _wE, Invaders is the second release, and first EP by Canadian avant-garde extreme metal band uneXpect.

text:
# WE, Invaders

***\_wE, Invaders*** is the second release, and first EP by Canadian avant-garde extreme metal band uneXpect.

## Track listing

1. "Novaë" – 6:52
2. "Rooted Shadows" – 6:08
3. "In Velvet Coffins We Slept" (re-recording) – 8:22
4. "Chromatic Chimera" – 5:14

## Personnel

* syriaK – Vocals, guitars
* Artagoth – Vocals, guitars
* Le bateleur – Violins
* Leïlindel – Vocals
* ExoD – Keyboards, synthesizers, sampling
* ChaotH – 7 and 9 string bass
* Dasnos – Drums on "Rooted Shadows" and "In Velvet Coffins We Slept"
* Anthony Trujillo – Drums on "Novaë"

**Guest musicians**

* Nathalie Duchesne – additional violin and cello
* Stéphanie Colerette – additional violin and cello

## InfoBox

| \_wE, Invaders | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| EP by uneXpect | |
| Released | November 2003 |
| Genre | Avant-garde metal
Extreme metal
Progressive metal |
| Length | 26:36 |
| Label | Galy Records |
| Producer | uneXpect |
| UneXpect chronology | |
| *Utopia*
(1999) ***\_wE, Invaders***
(2003) *In a Flesh Aquarium*
(2006) | |


title: WEAG-FM

abstract: WEAG-FM is a radio station licensed to Starke, Florida, United States, and airs a country music format using the moniker "Eagle Country". The station is currently owned by Dickerson Broadcasting, Inc.

text:
# WEAG-FM

**WEAG-FM** (106.3 FM) is a radio station licensed to Starke, Florida, United States, and airs a country music format using the moniker "Eagle Country". The station is currently owned by Dickerson Broadcasting, Inc.

## History

The station went on the air as WPXE-FM on February 28, 1978. On February 29, 1988, the station changed its call sign to the current WEAG-FM.

## Programming

WEAG-FM airs American Country Countdown with Kix Brooks.

## InfoBox

WEAG-FM
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Broadcast area | Gainesville, Florida |
| Frequency | 106.3 MHz |
| Branding | Eagle Country |
| Programming | |
| Format | Country |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Dickerson Broadcasting, Inc. |
| History | |
| First air date | February 28, 1978 |
| Former call signs | WPXE-FM (1978–1988) |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 16906 |
| Class | A |
| ERP | 2,700 watts |
| HAAT | 151 meters (495 ft) |
| Transmitter coordinates | 29°55′50.00″N 82°6′16.00″W / 29.9305556°N 82.1044444°W / 29.9305556; -82.1044444 |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Website | WEAG-FM's website |


title: Melba Moore Live!

abstract: Melba Moore Live is the third album by singer Melba Moore, released in 1972. This album was recorded live at the New York Philharmonic Hall on November 7, 1971.

text:
# Melba Moore Live!

***Melba Moore Live*** is the third album by singer Melba Moore, released in 1972. This album was recorded live at the New York Philharmonic Hall on November 7, 1971.

## Track listing

1. "New World Coming" (Barry Mann, Cynthia Weil) -3:13
2. "Blue Skies" (Irving Berlin) - 2:30
3. Medley: "Lady Madonna" (Paul McCartney)/"Summertime" (DuBose Heyward, George Gershwin)/"Dat Dere" (Bobby Timmons, Oscar Brown, Jr.)/"God Bless the Child" (Arthur Herzog, Jr., Billie Holiday) - 10:28
4. Medley: "Walk a Mile in My Shoes" (Joe South)/"Twenty Five Miles" (Edwin Starr, Harvey Fuqua, Johnny Bristol)
5. "Never Can Say Goodbye" (Clifton Davis) - 3:20
6. Medley: "Theme from *Hair*" (Galt MacDermot, Gerome Ragni, James Rado)/"Is it True Blondes Have More Fun" (Walter Marks)/"Purlie" (Gary Geld, Peter Udell) - 6:14
7. "Then We Can Try Again" (Clay McMurray, James Dean) - 2:55
8. "Lean on Me" (Joe Cobb, Van McCoy) - 5:06

## InfoBox

| Melba Moore Live! | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Live album by Melba Moore | |
| Released | July 21, 1972 |
| Recorded | November 7, 1971 |
| Venue | Philharmonic Hall, New York City |
| Label | Mercury |
| Melba Moore chronology | |
| *Look What You're Doing to the Man*
(1971) ***Melba Moore Live!***
(1972) **Peach Melba**
(1975) | |


title: Melanie Oudin

abstract: Melanie Jennings Oudin is an American former professional tennis player. The former world junior No. 2 was a member of the American Fed Cup team from 2009 to 2011 and the winner of the 2011 US Open mixed-doubles title, with fellow American player Jack Sock. As a 17-year-old in the middle of 2009, Oudin reached the round of 16 of the Wimbledon Championships, followed by a quarterfinal at the US Open six weeks later. She reached a career-high ranking of world No. 31 in April 2010. Oudin retired from professional tour on August 18, 2017, citing numerous health issues and injuries.

text:
# Melanie Oudin

**Melanie Jennings Oudin** (born September 23, 1991) is an American former professional tennis player. The former world junior No. 2 was a member of the American Fed Cup team from 2009 to 2011 and the winner of the 2011 US Open mixed-doubles title, with fellow American player Jack Sock.

As a 17-year-old in the middle of 2009, Oudin reached the round of 16 of the Wimbledon Championships, followed by a quarterfinal at the US Open six weeks later. She reached a career-high ranking of world No. 31 in April 2010.

Oudin retired from professional tour on August 18, 2017, citing numerous health issues and injuries.

## Personal life

Oudin, a Marietta, Georgia native, has a twin sister, Katherine, and a younger sister, Christina. Introduced to the sport at the age of seven alongside sister Katherine, it was clear Melanie had a gift. As she continued to improve, her time spent on the court increased as well. In seventh grade, she made the decision to homeschool, giving her more time on the practice courts and an opportunity to play more tournaments. In an article with *Atlanta Magazine*, Oudin said, "If I was going to homeschool, I was going to try to go pro for sure". While the decision proved to be very beneficial for her career, Oudin admits envying her twin sister's experiences at a regular school. She says her idol is Justine Henin because "she proved you don't have to be tall to win things." Her grandmother inspired her and her sister to play tennis when she gave them racquets and lessons when they were young.

## Tennis career

### 2008–09: Breakthrough on WTA Tour, US Open quarterfinal, and top-50 ranking

Oudin turned professional in February 2008. In April 2008, she received a wildcard at the WTA tournament in Miami where she lost in the first round to Tathiana Garbin, in three sets. In August, Oudin received a wildcard into her first Grand Slam main draw at the US Open. She was defeated by Australian Jessica Moore, 7–6, 7–6.

In October that year, Oudin participated in the Bell Challenge in Quebec City. In the first round, she defeated third seed Sybille Bammer. In the second round, she defeated Olga Puchkova in two sets. Reaching her first WTA quarterfinal, she was defeated by sixth seed Bethanie Mattek.

Oudin began 2009 by qualifying for the main draw of the Australian Open. She was then defeated in the first round by Akgul Amanmuradova, in straight sets.

At Wimbledon, Oudin entered as a qualifier. She defeated No. 29, Sybille Bammer, in three sets in the first round, and Yaroslava Shvedova in three sets in the second. Oudin defeated also world No. 6, Jelena Janković, but lost to Agnieszka Radwańska in the fourth round.

At the US Open, Oudin entered as a wildcard. In her first-round match, she easily defeated Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova 6–1, 6–2. In the second round, she stunned fourth-seeded Elena Dementieva in her Arthur Ashe Stadium debut. Then in the third round, she defeated a resurgent Maria Sharapova. At 17 years of age, Oudin reached the fourth round of a major event for the second consecutive time. In the fourth round, she played another Russian, 13th-seeded Nadia Petrova. She defeated Petrova to reach the quarterfinals of the event. She became the youngest woman since Serena Williams in 1999 to reach the quarterfinals at the US Open, and the youngest since Sharapova to reach the quarterfinals at a major. Her Cinderella story ended when ninth-seeded Caroline Wozniacki defeated her, 6–2, 6–2. A standing ovation occurred when Oudin was leaving the court. After the US Open, Oudin's ranking rose into the top 50, her first appearance there.

### 2010: Steady form

Oudin began new season at the Hobart International where she lost to Sara Errani in the first round. At the Australian Open, she was defeated in the first round by Alla Kudryavtseva.

During the Fed Cup tie versus France, Oudin won both of her rubbers over Pauline Parmentier and Julie Coin. The U.S. team won the tie over France 4–1 to move on to the semifinal round. Oudin reached her first semifinal of a WTA Tour event at the Paris indoor event. She fell in three sets to top seed Elena Dementieva, in a rematch of their 2009 US Open second-round match. Seeded second at the Cellular South Cup, Oudin made it to the quarterfinal round where she lost to qualifier and eventual finalist Sofia Arvidsson. In March, she played at the Indian Wells Open where she was defeated in the first round by Roberta Vinci. At the Miami Open, Oudin lost in the second round to 11th seed Vera Zvonareva. Seeded eighth at Amelia Island, she eliminated in the quarterfinal round by fourth seed Elena Vesnina.

### 2011: Singles downfall, mixed-doubles Grand Slam title

In January, she obtained an invitation to play at the Hong Kong Tennis Classic with compatriots Venus Williams and John McEnroe. At Hobart, Oudin was defeated in the first round by fifth seed Klára Zakopalová in straight sets. In the first round of the Australian Open, she lost to Zakopalová 1–6, 6–3, 1–6.

In the Fed Cup tie against Belgium, Oudin lost her first rubber to Kim Clijsters, 0–6, 4–6. In her final rubber, she was defeated by Yanina Wickmayer 6–2, 6–0. Belgium reached the semifinals at the Fed Cup defeating the USA 4–1. Oudin got her first win of the year at Paris, where she beat Vera Dushevina in the first round in three sets. In the second round, Oudin lost to eighth seed Dominika Cibulková of Slovakia. Having reached the semifinals the year before, Oudin's ranking dropped from No. 61 to No. 72. Oudin's next tournament was the Memphis South Cup. Seeded third, she won her first-round match against Anastasia Pivovarova 6–4, 6–0. In the second, she faced Evgeniya Rodina, only to lose 1–6, 5–7. Oudin was unable to defend her quarterfinal points from last year and therefore saw her ranking fall from No. 72 to No. 81. At the Mexican Open, she retired from her first-round match against qualifier Lesia Tsurenko. Ranked 82 at the Monterrey Open, Oudin won her first-round match over fellow American Vania King 6–4, 6–1. She was defeated in the second round by second seed and eventual champion, Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova. Ranked 84 at Indian Wells, Oudin won her first-round match over Elena Vesnina. However, she was eliminated in the second round by 23rd seed Yanina Wickmayer. Moving on to Miami, Oudin started the tournament well with a first-round win over Julia Görges but was defeated in the second by 29th seed Daniela Hantuchová, 6–1, 6–3.

Oudin began her clay-court season at Charleston where she lost in the first round to Tamira Paszek. In the 2011 Fed Cup World Group play-offs tie versus Germany, Oudin lost both of her rubbers to Julia Görges and Andrea Petkovic. Germany defeated the USA 5–0. As a result, the U.S. team was out of the World Group for the first time. Ranked 93 at the Morocco Open, Oudin upset third seed Lourdes Domínguez Lino in the first round 4–6, 6–1, 6–2. She reached the quarterfinals when her second round opponent, Polona Hercog, withdrew due to an ankle injury. In the quarterfinals, Oudin lost to eventual champion Alberta Brianti. At the Estoril Open, Oudin lost in the first round to qualifier and fellow American Sloane Stephens, 2–6, 1–6. Competing at the Internationaux de Strasbourg, she lost in the first round to seventh seed Anabel Medina Garrigues in straight sets. Ranked 88 at the French Open, Oudin lost in the first round to fifth seed and defending champion Francesca Schiavone, 2–6, 0–6.

Oudin started her grass-court season at the Nottingham Trophy. Seeded fourth, she lost in the second round to Sloane Stephens. At the Miami Open, a tournament that is not on grass, Oudin was defeated in the first round by Michaëlla Krajicek. Playing at Eastbourne, Oudin lost in the final round of qualifying to Zheng Jie 1–6, 4–6. Ranked 87 at Wimbledon, Oudin was defeated in the first round by 18th seed Ana Ivanovic, 6–0, 6–1.

As the top seed at the Lexington Challenger, Oudin lost in the first round to Chanel Simmonds. Oudin started her US Open Series by competing at the first edition of the Washington Open where she fell in the first round to third seed Tamira Paszek. At the Carlsbad Open, Oudin was crushed in the first round by Elena Baltacha, 6–0, 6–1. Oudin lost in the first round of qualifying at the Canadian Open and the Cincinnati Open to fifth seed Bojana Jovanovski (4–6, 2–6) and 15th seed Kateryna Bondarenko (1–6, 4–6). In her next tournament, she received a wildcard entry into the singles main draw at the first edition of the Texas Open. In the first round, she was up against lucky loser Akgul Amanmuradova. Oudin was leading 7–6, 1–0 when her opponent retired due to a lower back injury. In the second round, she lost to qualifier Angelique Kerber, 3–6, 2–6. Ranked 113 at the US Open, Oudin lost in the first round to qualifier Romina Oprandi. However, in mixed doubles, she and Jack Sock captured the title defeating the eighth seeded Argentine pairing of Gisela Dulko and Eduardo Schwank in the final.

At the Challenge Bell, Oudin was defeated in the first round by Andrea Hlaváčková, in straight sets. Seeded seventh at the ITF Albuquerque, Oudin lost in the second round to eventual champion Regina Kulikova. Playing at the Las Vegas Open, Oudin fell in the first round to Sesil Karatantcheva.

Oudin played her final tournament of the year at the Tennis Classic of Troy. Seeded fifth, she lost in the first round to Karatantcheva 1–6, 3–6.

Oudin ended the year ranked 139.

### 2012: Inconsistency, first WTA Tour singles title

At the beginning of the season, Oudin lost in the first round of qualifying at the Australian Open to Laura Robson.

In February, Oudin competed at the Dow Tennis Classic in Midland. She was defeated in the first round by sixth seed Stéphanie Foretz Gacon. Seeded seventh at the $25k tournament in Surprise, Oudin lost in the first round to Olga Puchkova. At the Memphis International, Oudin was defeated in the first round by Stéphanie Foretz Gacon. In Osprey at the Oaks Club Challenger, Oudin lost in the first round to Alizé Cornet.

Qualifying for the Charleston Cup, Oudin lost in the first round to tenth seed Anabel Medina Garrigues. At the Dothan Pro Tennis Classic, Oudin was defeated in the second round by fourth seed Mirjana Lučić. On April 29, Oudin won the $50k Clay Court Classic defeating second seed and fellow American Irina Falconi in the final. At the beginning of the season, Oudin lost in the first round of qualifying at the Australian Open to Laura Robson.

She was awarded the USTA French Open wildcard, an account of her performance in the USTA Pro Circuit. At the French Open, Oudin drew Johanna Larsson of Sweden in the first round and won 6–3, 6–3. It was her first win ever at the French Open. In the second round, she lost to 21st seed and eventual finalist, Sara Errani, in straight sets.

Oudin began her grass-court season at the Nottingham Trophy. After qualifying for the main draw, she lost in the first round to Heather Watson. Next, Oudin competed at the Birmingham Classic where she qualified for the main draw beating eighth seed Bibiane Schoofs and 16th seed Gail Brodsky. In the main draw, Oudin advanced to her first WTA Tour final defeating tenth seed Sorana Cîrstea, qualifier Michelle Larcher De Brito, Elena Vesnina, Irina Falconi, and eighth seed Ekaterina Makarova. The tournament was filled with rain delays and Oudin had to cope with the difficulty of coming off and on the court. She then defeated fifth seed Jelena Janković in the final to win her first WTA title. Winning the tournament bumped up her ranking from 208 to 122. Her performance earned her a wildcard for Wimbledon. At Wimbledon, she was given one of seven wildcard entries into the main draw. In the first round, she lost to world No. 69, Tímea Babos, in three sets.

At the US Open, No. 107 ranked Oudin was unseeded and lost to 15th seed Lucie Šafářová of the Czech Republic in straight sets. In the women's doubles, she also lost in the first round teaming up with Grace Min.

### 2013: Loss of form, out of top 100

Oudin started her 2013 season at the Sydney International, and lost in the second round of qualifying to Estrella Cabeza Candela. At the Australian Open, Oudin was defeated in the first round by Laura Robson.

Competing in Tennessee at the U.S. National Indoor Championships, Oudin lost in the first round to Andrea Hlaváčková. In March, she was defeated in the first round at Indian Wells by wildcard and compatriot Madison Keys. At Miami, she lost in the first round of qualifying to Alexa Glatch. Seeded eighth at The Oaks Club Challenger, Oudin was defeated in the first round by Estrella Cabeza Candela.

She began her preparation for the French Open at the Family Circle Cup where she lost in the first round to ninth seed, 2007 champion, and eventual finalist Jelena Janković. At the Portugal Open, Oudin was defeated in the first round of qualifying by Valeria Savinykh. Oudin fell in the final round of qualifying at the Madrid Open to Chanelle Scheepers. Getting past qualifying at the Italian Open, Oudin won her first-round match when her opponent, Ekaterina Makarova, retired due to a left achilles tendon injury. Despite winning the first set, she lost in the second round to 14th seed Dominika Cibulková. Entering the Brussels Open after coming through qualifying, Oudin was defeated in the first round by Romina Oprandi. At the French Open, Oudin upset 28th seed Tamira Paszek in the first round but lost in the second to Jie Zheng.

Oudin started her grass-court season at Birmingham. Even though she was the defending champion, she was defeated in the first round by qualifier Ajla Tomljanović. At Eastbourne, Oudin advanced to the final round of qualifying where she lost to Olga Puchkova. At the Wimbledon Championships, she was defeated in the first round by qualifier Michelle Larcher de Brito.

Oudin began US Open Series at the Washington Open where she reached the second round, and lost to top seed Angelique Kerber. At the Western & Southern Open, Oudin was defeated in the first round of qualifying by Chanelle Scheepers. Playing at the US Open, Oudin lost in the first round of qualifying to Elena Baltacha.

During the week of September ninth, Oudin competed in Quebec City at the Challenge Bell. Although she came through the qualifying rounds, she was defeated in the first round by second seed Kristina Mladenovic. Seeded sixth at the Coleman Vision Championships, Oudin lost in her second-round match to Petra Rampre. Oudin won the Party Rock Open, a $50k tournament in Las Vegas, beating compatriot CoCo Vandeweghe in the final. Seeded third at the $25k tournament in Rock Hill, South Carolina, Oudin made it to the semifinal where she was defeated by top seed Mariana Duque. Seeded third in Canada at the Challenger de Saguenay, Oudin lost in the semifinal round to second seed Coco Vandeweghe. Oudin stayed in Canada to compete at the Tevlin Challenger in Toronto. Seeded third, she was defeated in her semifinal match by Tímea Babos. Oudin competed in her final tournament of the season at the South Seas Island Resort Pro Classic and lost in the first round to compatriot Allie Kiick.

Oudin ended the season ranked 127.

## Fed Cup

Oudin played singles in the United States' Fed Cup tie against Argentina in February 2009, losing her first match against Gisela Dulko, but winning the second match against Betina Jozami in three sets.

In November 2009, Oudin lost both of her matches (against Flavia Pennetta and Francesca Schiavone) in the championship round of the 2009 Fed Cup.

In the 2010 Fed Cup, Oudin led the US to a 4–1 victory over France by defeating Pauline Parmentier and Julie Coin. Against Russia, Oudin then defeated Alla Kudryavtseva in her first singles match, while losing to Elena Dementieva in her second match. Her team still advanced to the final in San Diego. Contrary to expectations, lower ranked CoCo Vandeweghe was chosen over Oudin for the first singles match against Francesca Schiavone. After the US team lost both matches on the first day, Oudin replaced Bethanie Mattek-Sands for the third singles match against Schiavone and won 6–3, 6–1. This kept her team in contention, but proved futile since Vandeweghe lost the next match against Flavia Pennetta. In the 2011 Fed Cup World Group tie against Belgium, Oudin lost both her singles matches against Kim Clijsters and Yanina Wickmayer. In April, she also lost her two matches in the 2011 Fed Cup World Group play-offs where the US dropped out of the World Group for the first time since its formation in 1995.

## Significant finals

### Grand Slam finals

#### Mixed doubles: 1 (title)

| Result | Year | Tournament | Surface | Partner | Opponents | Score |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Win | 2011 | US Open | Hard | Jack Sock | Gisela Dulko
Eduardo Schwank | 7–6(7–4), 4–6, \[10–8\] |

## WTA career finals

### Singles: 1 (title)

| Legend  Grand Slam tournaments  Premier M & Premier 5  Premier  International (1–0) | Finals by surface  Hard (0–0)  Grass (1–0)  Clay (0–0)  Carpet (0–0) |
| --- | --- |

| Result | W–L | Date | Tournament | Tier | Surface | Opponent | Score |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Win | 1–0 | Jun 2012 | Birmingham Classic, UK | International | Grass | Jelena Janković | 6–4, 6–2 |

## ITF Circuit finals

| Legend |
| --- |
| $100,000 tournaments |
| $75,000 tournaments |
| $50,000 tournaments |
| $25,000 tournaments |
| $10,000 tournaments |

### Singles: 10 (6–4)

| Result | W–L | Date | Tournament | Tier | Surface | Opponent | Score |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Loss |  | Feb 2008 | ITF Fort Walton Beach, United States | 25,000 | Clay | Barbora Strýcová | 3–6, 7–5, 6–7(5) |
| Win |  | Jul 2008 | Lexington Challenger, United States | 50,000 | Hard | Carly Gullickson | 6–4, 6–2 |
| Win |  | May 2009 | ITF Indian Harbour Beach, United States | 50,000 | Clay | Laura Siegemund | 7–5, 5–7, 6–2 |
| Win |  | May 2009 | ITF Raleigh, United States | 50,000 | Clay | Lindsay Lee-Waters | 6–1, 2–6, 6–4 |
| Loss |  | Nov 2010 | ITF Phoenix, United States | 75,000 | Hard | Varvara Lepchenko | 3–6, 6–7(5) |
| Win |  | Apr 2012 | ITF Charlottesville, United States | 50,000 | Clay | Irina Falconi | 7–6(0), 3–6, 6–1 |
| Win |  | Nov 2012 | ITF New Braunfels, United States | 50,000 | Hard | Mariana Duque | 6–1, 6–1 |
| Win |  | Sep 2013 | Henderson Open, United States | 50,000 | Hard | CoCo Vandeweghe | 5–7, 6–3, 6–3 |
| Loss |  | Jul 2014 | ITF Carson, United States | 50,000 | Hard | Nicole Gibbs | 4–6, 4–6 |
| Loss |  | Sep 2016 | ITF Atlanta, United States | 50,000 | Hard | Elise Mertens | 4–6, 2–6 |

### Doubles: 7 (2–5)

| Result | W–L | Date | Tournament | Tier | Surface | Partner | Opponents | Score |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Loss |  | July 21, 2008 | Lexington Challenger, United States |  | Hard | Lindsay Lee-Waters | Chan Chin-wei
Kimberly Couts | 6–2, 2–6, \[8–10\] |
| Loss |  | September 25, 2011 | ITF Albuquerque, United States |  | Hard | Grace Min | Alexa Glatch
Asia Muhammed | 6–4, 3–6, \[2–10\] |
| Loss |  | October 2, 2011 | Henderson Open, United States |  | Hard | Varvara Lepchenko | Alexa Glatch
Mashona Washington | 4–6, 2–6 |
| Loss |  | September 22, 2013 | ITF Albuquerque, United States |  | Hard | Taylor Townsend | Eleni Daniilidou
CoCo Vandeweghe | 4–6, 6–7(2) |
| Loss |  | November 1, 2013 | Toronto Challenger, Canada |  | Hard (i) | Jessica Pegula | Victoria Duval
Françoise Abanda | 6–7(5), 6–2, \[9–11\] |
| Win |  | September 15, 2014 | ITF Albuquerque, United States |  | Hard | Jan Abaza | Nicole Melichar
Allie Will | 6–2, 6–3 |
| Win |  | June 11, 2016 | Surbiton Trophy, UK |  | Grass | Sanaz Marand | Robin Anderson
Alison Bai | 6–4, 7–5 |

## Grand Slam performance timelines

Key
| **W** | F | SF | QF | #R | RR | Q# | DNQ | A | NH |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

(W) winner; (F) finalist; (SF) semifinalist; (QF) quarterfinalist; (#R) rounds 4, 3, 2, 1; (RR) round-robin stage; (Q#) qualification round; (DNQ) did not qualify; (A) absent; (NH) not held; (SR) strike rate (events won / competed); (W–L) win–loss record.

### Singles

| Tournament | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | W–L |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Australian Open | A | 1R | 1R | 1R | Q1 | 1R | A | 0–4 |
| French Open | A | A | 1R | 1R | 2R | 2R | Q2 | 2–4 |
| Wimbledon | A | 4R | 2R | 1R | 1R | 1R | Q3 | 4–5 |
| US Open | 1R | QF | 2R | 1R | 1R | Q1 | Q3 | 5–5 |
| Win–loss | 0–1 | 7–3 | 2–4 | 0–4 | 1–3 | 1–3 | 0–0 | 11–18 |

### Doubles

| Tournament | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | W–L |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Australian Open | A | A | A | 1R | 1R | A | A | A | A | 0–2 |
| French Open | A | A | A | 2R | 1R | A | 1R | A | A | 1–3 |
| Wimbledon | A | A | LQ | 1R | 1R | A | 1R | A | A | 0–3 |
| US Open | 1R | 1R | 1R | 2R | 1R | 1R | 2R | 1R | 1R | 2–9 |
| Win–loss | 0–1 | 0–1 | 0–1 | 2–4 | 0–4 | 0–1 | 1–3 | 0–1 | 0–1 | 3–17 |

## InfoBox

Melanie Oudin
| Oudin at the 2016 US Open | |
| --- | --- |
| Country (sports) | United States |
| Residence | Marietta, Georgia |
| Born | (1991-09-23) September 23, 1991
Marietta, Georgia |
| Height | 5 ft 6 in (1.68 m) |
| Turned pro | 2008 |
| Retired | August 18, 2017 |
| Plays | Right-handed (two-handed backhand) |
| Prize money | US$ 1,535,204 |
| Singles | |
| Career record | 245–202 |
| Career titles | 1 WTA, 6 ITF |
| Highest ranking | No. 31 (April 19, 2010) |
| Grand Slam singles results | |
| Australian Open | 1R (2009, 2010, 2011, 2013) |
| French Open | 2R (2012, 2013) |
| Wimbledon | 4R (2009) |
| US Open | QF (2009) |
| Doubles | |
| Career record | 76–94 |
| Career titles | 0 WTA, 2 ITF |
| Highest ranking | No. 125 (May 23, 2011) |
| Grand Slam doubles results | |
| Australian Open | 1R (2010) |
| French Open | 2R (2010) |
| Wimbledon | 1R (2010) |
| US Open | 2R (2010) |
| Mixed doubles | |
| Career titles | 1 |
| Grand Slam mixed doubles results | |
| US Open | **W** (2011) |


title: Mel Eslyn

abstract: Mel Eslyn is an American film producer, director and writer. She works primarily in the Seattle independent film industry and has collaborated with Lynn Shelton and Mark and Jay Duplass on numerous films. She is best known for producing The One I Love (2014) and Lamb (2015), for which she won an Independent Spirit Award. She acts as the President of Duplass Brothers Productions.

text:
# Mel Eslyn

**Mel Eslyn** (born August 19, 1983) is an American film producer, director and writer. She works primarily in the Seattle independent film industry and has collaborated with Lynn Shelton and Mark and Jay Duplass on numerous films. She is best known for producing *The One I Love* (2014) and *Lamb* (2015), for which she won an Independent Spirit Award. She acts as the President of Duplass Brothers Productions.

## Early life

Eslyn was born in 1983 in Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin. She attended Pewaukee High School and graduated in 2001. She was inspired to become a filmmaker after seeing the music video for "Somewhere Out There", a song from the animated film *An American Tail*. She worked on film sets in Milwaukee as a teenager, beginning at the age of 14, and was a production assistant on the 2002 film *No Sleep 'til Madison*.

## Career

Eslyn worked in the Madison, Wisconsin film industry before moving to Seattle in 2008. She entered the Seattle independent film industry through Seattle-based director Lynn Shelton and actor Mark Duplass, whom she befriended while working on their 2009 film *Humpday*. Eslyn went on to co-produce Shelton's films *Your Sister's Sister* (2011) and *Touchy Feely* (2013) and was the line producer on Shelton's 2014 film *Laggies*. She produced *The One I Love* (2014), directed by Charlie McDowell and financed by Duplass Brothers Productions, and *Lamb* (2015), written and directed by Ross Partridge. In 2015, she was hired by Duplass Brothers Productions to oversee the production of the company's low-budget films; Eslyn refers to Mark and Jay Duplass as her own "big brothers".

Eslyn won the Piaget Producers Award with a $25,000 grant at the 31st Independent Spirit Awards for her work on *The One I Love* and *Lamb*. She was also twice nominated for a Genius Award by the Seattle newspaper *The Stranger* in 2015 and again in 2016.

In 2017, Eslyn took over as President of Duplass Brothers Productions, overseeing all film and television content.

Eslyn's directorial debut film *Biosphere*, starring Mark Duplass and Sterling K. Brown, was released in 2022.

## Personal life

Eslyn is in a relationship with Nathan M. Miller, a cinematographer with whom she worked on *Lamb, Outside In* and *Humpday*.

### Accolades

| Year | Award | Category | Nominee(s) | Result | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2016 | Independent Spirit Awards | Piaget Producer's Award | *Lamb* | Won |  |
| 2022 | Peabody Awards | Entertainment | *Somebody Somewhere* | Nominated |  |

## InfoBox

| Mel Eslyn | |
| --- | --- |
| Eslyn in 2015 | |
| Occupation(s) | Film producer, director, writer |


title: WGBP-FM

abstract: WGBP-FM was an FM high school radio station at Premontre High School in Green Bay, Wisconsin. The station operated on 90.1 MHz between 1975 and 1990.

text:
# WGBP-FM

**WGBP-FM** was an FM high school radio station at Premontre High School in Green Bay, Wisconsin. The station operated on 90.1 MHz between 1975 and 1990.

## History

On November 30, 1973, Premontre High School applied to build and operate a 10-watt radio station from its campus at 610 Maryhill Drive in Green Bay. WGBP-FM signed on March 10, 1975, as the fourth high school radio station in the state. The impetus to start the station had come when students had heard of WSHS at Sheboygan North High School in Sheboygan and wanted to start up a facility; faculty advisors thought that, despite the paperwork burden, such an outlet would be useful. The station's program output during the school day included easy listening and rock music, plus news, weather, sports and public affairs programming.

WGBP quickly developed a deep tradition in sports broadcasting—one that would outlive the station itself. In its first full school year of operation, WGBP began carrying play-by-play of Premontre sports, quickly becoming the station's most popular program output. One of its first sports play-by-play announcers was a young Kevin Harlan, son of Packers executive Bob. After spending his freshman year doing studio work, Harlan began doing play-by-play of the school's football, basketball and hockey games as a sophomore, which included home and away broadcasts. After attending the University of Kansas and being named the lead radio announcer for the Kansas City Kings at the age of 22, making him the youngest announcer in the four major sports, Harlan called getting into radio at WGBP his "first good move". Another basketball announcer, Pete Pranica of the Memphis Grizzlies, also started his career in broadcasting at the station. Mark Daniels, who later went on to a lengthy career in Green Bay sports radio, was a senior at Premonte when WGBP started up and served as its first sports director.

As the 1980s drew to a close, two different events would signal the end of WGBP-FM. The first concerned Premontre High itself. In November 1989, the Roman Catholic Diocese of Green Bay announced a three-way merger that would combine Premontre with Abbot Pennings High School and St. Joseph Academy on Premontre's campus; the new Notre Dame Academy began operating in 1990, and the station was closed. Even if the station had been allowed to continue, the increasing power of other stations would have foreclosed its continued operation. In 1991, the Federal Communications Commission assigned 90.1 to a new radio station applicant, whose station signed on in 1994 as WORQ.

## InfoBox

WGBP-FM
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Frequency | 90.1 MHz |
| Programming | |
| Format | Defunct (was Variety) |
| Ownership | |
| Owner |  |
| History | |
| First air date | March 10, 1975 (1975-03-10) |
| Last air date | 1990 (1990) |
| Call sign meaning | Green Bay Premontre |
| Technical information | |
| Facility ID | 53403 |
| Class | D |
| ERP | 10 watts |
| Transmitter coordinates | 44°31′14.4″N 88°03′05.4″W / 44.520667°N 88.051500°W / 44.520667; -88.051500 |


title: Melinda Gebbie

abstract: Melinda Gebbie is an American comics artist and writer, known for her participation in the underground comix movement. She is also known for creating the controversial work Fresca Zizis and her contributions to Wimmen's Comix, as well as her work with her husband Alan Moore on the three-volume graphic novel Lost Girls and the Tomorrow Stories anthology series.

text:
# Melinda Gebbie

**Melinda Gebbie** (born 1947) is an American comics artist and writer, known for her participation in the underground comix movement. She is also known for creating the controversial work *Fresca Zizis* and her contributions to *Wimmen's Comix,* as well as her work with her husband Alan Moore on the three-volume graphic novel *Lost Girls* and the *Tomorrow Stories* anthology series.

## Personal life

Melinda Gebbie was born in San Francisco. She became interested in comics in 1973, when she met writer/artist Lee Marrs at a publishers' fair. In 1984 Gebbie married Adam Cornford, a poet from California; their marriage was short-lived. Their marriage is believed to have been an inspiration for his poetry collection *Animations*. She married Alan Moore in 2007.

## Career

Melinda Gebbie contributed her first comic strip to *Wimmen's Comix* #3, the inceptive all-women anthology published by Last Gasp. She wrote and drew short stories for *Wimmen's Comix* and many other anthologies, including *Tits & Clits Comix*, *Wet Satin*, and *Anarchy Comics*. In 1977 she completed her own solo comic book, *Fresca Zizis,* which was later banned in Britain in 1985 for obscenity, and still is to this day.

In 1984, she moved to England to work on the animated film adaptation of Raymond Briggs' *When the Wind Blows*. Following this, she worked in a variety of illustration and office jobs and continued making short stories for anthologies such as *Strip AIDS* and *Heartbreak Hotel*. In the early 1990s, Alan Moore and Gebbie began collaborating on *Lost Girls*, a story in which the female protagonists of *Peter and Wendy*, *Alice's Adventures in Wonderland*, and *The Wonderful Wizard of Oz* meet and share sexual stories and experiences. Moore wrote the story, and Gebbie illustrated it. The story was finished in 2006. Meanwhile, she and Moore created Cobweb, a mysterious heroine who appeared in twelve issues of the Moore-written anthology *Tomorrow Stories* between 1999 and 2002.

### Feminism in the Underground Comix Movement

Hilary Chute claims that the underground comix movement was parallel to second-wave feminism because it gave women comic artists the ability to establish work that was political and freely explore and publish their artistic expression. Autobiographical comics were popular among the underground comix industry due to groups of people being underrepresented in the mainstream comics industry. Although they were not completely autobiographical, comics like *Tits & Clits, Wimmen's Comix,* and *Twisted Sisters* contained many stores that touched on the comic artists' personal experiences. Their stories discussed topics that were not represented in the male-dominated mainstream and underground comix, because it addressed women's point of view on sex, masturbation, abuse, coming out, and menstruation. Many of the male anthologies created in the underground kept women from collaborating with them, which prompted the creation of all-girl collaborated comics like *It Ain't Me Babe* and *Wimmen's Comix*. Although the series of publication was not consistent, *Wimmen's Comix* published 17 issues from 1972 to 1992.

### Fresca Zizis (Last Gasp, 1977)

In 1977, Melinda Gebbie produced her first solo work, *Fresca Zizis*. The title means "fresh cocks" in southern Italy dialect. During the 1980s, her comic book was banned in Britain for obscenity due to its pornographic illustrations. *Fresca Zizis* is semi-autobiographical and includes Gebbie's past experiences with childhood abuse and sex, as well as portraits and stories of fellow cartoonist friends such as Trina Robbins and Lee Marrs. Gebbie describes that it "deals with the cruelty of lovers, the excesses of youth, and the states of depression and dreams - a warning and a comfort to those who venture out too deep." When Gebbie was put on trial to defend the 'obscenity' in her work, she explained that the illustrations from the comic book come from her own experiences and argued that the people who put her through those experiences should be seen as obscene rather than her work, which is portrayed in her comic called 'Public Enemy' in *Anarchy Comics* issue #4.

### Lost Girls (Top Shelf, 2006)

The graphic novel *Lost Girls* was illustrated by Gebbie and written by her husband Alan Moore. It took Gebbie 16 years to illustrate the comic due to the layering techniques used to create the shimmering, children's book-like effect, which was done by her use of water colors and 12-14 layers of colored pencils. *Lost Girls* follows the story of three young girls that come from popular fiction; Alice from *Through the Looking Glass*, Dorothy from *The Wizard of Oz*, and Wendy from *Peter and Wendy*. The three female protagonists meet at an Austrian hotel and share with each other their past sexual fantasies and experiences in flashbacks, while also meeting others who are staying at the hotel and having sex with them. The stories of each female protagonist's sexual experience is integrated within their original narratives from popular fiction. Due to the Coroners and Justice Act, many comic artists thought the book would be banned in the UK because of its depictions of child pornography, however, it is still sold in the UK.

## Bibliography

* *Fresca Zizis* (Last Gasp Publishing, 1977)
* *Lost Girls* (with writer Alan Moore, Top Shelf Productions, 2006, ISBN 1-891830-74-0)

### Anthologies

### Interviews

## InfoBox

| Melinda Gebbie | |
| --- | --- |
| Melinda Gebbie at The Amazing Meeting in London in 2010 | |
| Born | San Francisco, California |
| Nationality | American |
| Area(s) | Writer, Penciller, Inker |
| Notable works | *Lost Girls*<br>*Cobweb* |


title: WLEE

abstract: WLEE may refer to:

text:
# WLEE

**WLEE** may refer to:

## Current

* WLEE (AM), a radio station (1570 AM) licensed to serve Winona, Mississippi, United States
* WLEE-FM, a radio station (95.1 FM) licensed to serve Sherman, Mississippi

## Past

* WULT, a radio station (1540 AM) licensed to serve Richmond, Virginia, United States, which held the call sign WLEE in 2016
* WREJ, a radio station (990 AM) licensed to serve Richmond, Virginia, which held the call sign WLEE from 1999 to 2016
* WKLR, a radio station (95.7 FM) licensed to serve Fort Lee, Virginia, which held the call sign WLEE-FM from 1995 to 1997
* WBTL (AM), a radio station (1320 AM) licensed to serve Richmond, Virginia, which held the call sign WLEE from 1989 to 1999
* WLEE (1480 AM), a radio station (1480 AM) licensed to Richmond, Virginia, which broadcast from 1945 to 1988


title: W. D. Chadwick

abstract: William Dean Chadwick was an American college football, college baseball, and college basketball coach, and athletics administrator. Chadwick served as head football coach at Albion College, and the head football, basketball, baseball coach and athletic director at Mississippi A&M College.

text:
# W. D. Chadwick

**William Dean Chadwick** (December 20, 1883 – June 5, 1934) was an American college football, college baseball, and college basketball coach, and athletics administrator. Chadwick served as head football coach at Albion College, and the head football, basketball, baseball coach and athletic director at Mississippi A&M College (now known as Mississippi State University).

## Maryville

During the 1905–06 academic year, he was credited with being the physical director and football coach at Maryville College in Maryville, Tennessee.

## Albion College and Albion State Normal School

Chadwick was hired to coach baseball, football, and track at Albion College in 1906 season. He remained the football coach in 1907. Chadwick was also and assistant professor of English and athletic director at Albion for three years until leaving in 1909 for Albion State Normal School in Albion, Idaho, where he was appointed as athletic director and head of the English department.

## Mississippi A&M

### Football

After leaving Albion, Chadwick served as the head football coach at Mississippi A&M from 1909 until 1913 compiling an overall record of 29–12–2. His most notable accomplishment during that time was leading the Aggies to their first ever bowl appearance and win in the 1912 Bacardi Bowl. Chadwick did not actually coach the game, but instead opted to stay home and attend the funeral of A&M end Levi Gaston Bass who had died from meningitis that he developed as a result of an injury he suffered during a game against Birmingham College. Chadwick put assistant coach and future A&M and Indiana head coach Earl C. Hayes in charge of the squad for the trip to Cuba. The Aggies defeated Club Atletico de Cuba by a score of 12–0. Along with being the first postseason game for A&M it was also the last college football game to be played in which touchdowns were worth five points (they were increased to six before the following season) making the Aggies the last college football team to score a five-point TD.

### Baseball

His longest stint as a head coach with one program came when he coached the Mississippi A&M baseball team from 1910 to 1918. During his nine seasons as Aggie skipper, he compiled an overall record of 120–72–9 and led the Aggies to Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association championships in 1911 and 1918.

### Basketball

Chadwick was the second basketball coach in A&M history. He served one season in that capacity leading the Aggies to a 2–4 record during the 1910–11 season. Following that season he turned the reins over to Earl C. Hayes but continued to coach football and baseball.

### Athletic director

In addition to coaching three different programs at A&M, Chadwick also served as athletic director from 1909 to 1930. During his time as AD he worked on improving athletic facilities such as building baseball and football fields, tennis courts, and constructing the school’s first gymnasium. Chadwick also taught physical education. He was relieved of his duties as athletic director during the so-called "Bilbo Purge" of 1930 during which time Governor Theodore G. Bilbo, along with the boards of trustees of the schools, made several sweeping staff and administration changes at Mississippi's institutions of higher learning. Chadwick was retained as "Professor unassigned, outside of athletics, at the same salary."

## Late life and death

After leaving athletics, Chadiwck work in Lamar Life Insurance company. He was killed on June 5, 1934, in an automobile accident near Raymond, Mississippi.

## Honor and awards

Chadwick was inducted into the Mississippi State University Sports Hall of Fame in 1974. Chadwick Lake, located on the Mississippi State campus near the Bryan Athletic Administration Building, is named in his honor.

## Head coaching record

### Football

| Year | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing | Bowl/playoffs |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Maryville Scots** *(Independent)* (1905) | | | | | | | | |
| 1905 | Maryville | 4–5 |  |  |  |
| **Maryville:** | | 4–5 |  |  | | | | |
| **Albion** *(Michigan Intercollegiate Athletic Association)* (1906–1907) | | | | | | | | |
| 1906 | Albion | 3–4–1 |  |  |  |
| 1907 | Albion | 2–4 |  |  |  |
| **Albion:** | | 5–8–1 |  |  | | | | |
| **Mississippi A&M Aggies** *(Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association)* (1909–1913) | | | | | | | | |
| 1909 | Mississippi A&M | 5–4 | 0–3 |  |  |
| 1910 | Mississippi A&M | 7–2 | 5–2 |  |  |
| 1911 | Mississippi A&M | 7–2–1 | 4–2–1 |  | **W** Bacardi |
| 1912 | Mississippi A&M | 4–3 | 3–2 |  |  |
| 1913 | Mississippi A&M | 6–1–1 | 5–1–1 |  |  |
| **Mississippi A&M:** | | 29–12–2 | 17–10–2 |  | | | | |
| **Total:** | | 38–25–3 |  | | | | | | |

### Basketball

Statistics overview
| Season | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing | Postseason |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Mississippi A&M Aggies**  *(Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association)* (1910–1911) | | | | | | | | |
| 1910–11 | Mississippi A&M | 2–4 |  |  |  |
| **Mississippi A&M:** | | 2–4 |  |  | | | | |
| **Total:** | | 2–4 |  | | | | | | |

### Baseball

Statistics overview
| Season | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing | Postseason |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Mississippi A&M Aggies**  *(Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association)* (1910–1918) | | | | | | | | |
| 1910 | Mississippi A&M | 16–11 | 2–5 |  |  |
| 1911 | Mississippi A&M | 16–7 | 10–6 | 1st |  |
| 1912 | Mississippi A&M | 14–8–1 | 7–7 |  |  |
| 1913 | Mississippi A&M | 16–10–2 | 8–6–1 |  |  |
| 1914 | Mississippi A&M | 11–9–2 | 5–6–1 |  |  |
| 1915 | Mississippi A&M | 12–9–2 | 8–6–2 |  |  |
| 1916 | Mississippi A&M | 11–7 | 6–6 |  |  |
| 1917 | Mississippi A&M | 14–3–2 | 9–1–2 |  |  |
| 1918 | Mississippi A&M | 10–8 | 4–7 | 1st |  |
| **Mississippi A&M:** | | 120–72–9 | 57–50–6 |  | | | | |
| **Total:** | | 120–72–9 |  | | | | | | |
| National champion         Postseason invitational champion
Conference regular season champion          Conference regular season and conference tournament champion
Division regular season champion       Division regular season and conference tournament champion
Conference tournament champion | | | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

W. D. Chadwick
| Chadwick pictured in *Reveille 1917*, Mississippi State yearbook | |
| --- | --- |
| Biographical details | |
| Born | (1883-12-20)December 20, 1883
Ohio, U.S. |
| Died | June 5, 1934(1934-06-05) (aged 50)
near Raymond, Mississippi, U.S. |
| Alma mater | Marietta College |
| Coaching career (HC unless noted) | |
| Football | |
| 1905 | Maryville (TN) |
| 1906–1907 | Albion |
| 1909–1913 | Mississippi A&M |
| Basketball | |
| 1910–1911 | Mississippi A&M |
| Baseball | |
| c.1907 | Albion |
| 1910–1918 | Mississippi A&M |
|  | |
| Administrative career (AD unless noted) | |
| 1906–1909 | Albion |
| 1909–1930 | Mississippi A&M |
|  | |
| Head coaching record | |
| Overall | 38–25–3 (football)
2–4 (basketball)
120–72–9 (baseball, Mississippi A&M only) |
| Bowls | 1–0 |
| Accomplishments and honors | |
| Championships | |
| Baseball
2 SIAA (1911, 1918) | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Panaqolus dentex

abstract: Panaqolus dentex is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the basins of the Napo River, the Pastaza River, and the Marañón River. The species reaches 8 cm SL.

text:
# Panaqolus dentex

***Panaqolus dentex*** is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the basins of the Napo River, the Pastaza River, and the Marañón River. The species reaches 8 cm (3.1 inches) SL.

## InfoBox

| *Panaqolus dentex* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Siluriformes |
| Family: | Loricariidae |
| Genus: | *Panaqolus* |
| Species: | ***P. dentex*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Panaqolus dentex***<br>(Günther, 1868) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Chaetostomus dentex* * *Panaque dentex* | |


title: Panoptic Modes

abstract: Panoptic Modes is the third studio album led by American pianist Vijay Iyer originally released on the Red Giant label in 2001 and re-released on Pi Recordings in 2010.

text:
# Panoptic Modes

***Panoptic Modes*** is the third studio album led by American pianist Vijay Iyer originally released on the Red Giant label in 2001 and re-released on Pi Recordings in 2010.

## Reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic |  |
| Tom Hull | B+ |
| *The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings* |  |

The Allmusic review by David R. Adler stated, "His harmonic and formal concepts are as challenging as ever, yet his exceedingly difficult writing is rendered oddly accessible by the unperturbed facility of his band". Writing for All About Jazz, Jim Santella said, "Vijay Iyer's music contains the adventurousness and dramatic tension that you'd expect from avant-garde jazz; as well as a light, rhythmic swing, for those of us who live in the mainstream. His third album is accessible to one and all. They're his originals, and they're interpreted by a stellar quartet".

## Track listing

*All compositions by Vijay Iyer*

1. "Invocation" - 6:07
2. "Configurations" - 6:41
3. "One Thousand and One" - 8:30
4. "History Is Alive" - 4:41
5. "Father Spirit" - 6:19
6. "Atlantean Tropes" - 6:54
7. "Numbers (For Mumia)" - 1:43
8. "Trident: 2001" - 7:16
9. "Circular Argument" - 4:47
10. "Invariants" - 8:19
11. "Mountains" - 4:41

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| Panoptic Modes | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Vijay Iyer | |
| Released | 2001 |
| Recorded | June 9, 2000 |
| Studio | The Studio/Current Sounds, NYC |
| Genre | Jazz |
| Length | 65:58 |
| Label | Red Giant RG 011 |
| Producer | Cookie Marenco and Vijay Iyer |
| Vijay Iyer chronology | |
| *Architextures*
(1998) ***Panoptic Modes***
(2001) *Your Life Flashes*
(2002) | |


title: Panopticon (song)

abstract: "Panopticon" is the second single from The Smashing Pumpkins's eighth album Oceania. It was originally released as a promotional single to radio airplay on September 15, 2012.

text:
# Panopticon (song)

"**Panopticon**" is the second single from The Smashing Pumpkins's eighth album *Oceania*. It was originally released as a promotional single to radio airplay on September 15, 2012.

## Background and recording

In an interview with MusicRadar, Corgan stated, "It's similar to Quasar in that we had the opening riff and didn't know what to do with it. It sat for a while, but everybody felt strongly about it. It had a, dare I say, 'modern-feeling' to it, but still in the style of guitar that I like to play. Ultimately, I just sat down and wrote the song on the piano. Sometimes, when you've got a riffy song, it helps to just play the chords with no rhythm, and then you hear the 'song' in it. It's those very Paul McCartney/Wings-type chords – Broadway-type chords. What I'm most proud of from a songwriting standpoint is how it goes from D major to A minor. It goes from a very 'majorly' feel into something sorrowful, almost a Spanish feel. I don't know how the heck I did that, but it's one of my favorite things in the song, how you can keep the key but change the emotion."

## Reception

*NME* described the song as "elegant and dreamy". Consequence of Sound declared that it was "heroic". *Spin* magazine's review of *Oceania* focused on Byrne's drumming on Panopticon, stating "the impressive, tom-heavy rumble of "Panopticon" quickly asserts his lithe, explosive, decidedly Jimmy Chamberlain-esque ferocity, a deft balance of muscle and sinew." Artistdirect also emphasized Byrne's contribution by describing his drumming as "flawless percussive propulsion".

The *Seattle Post-Intelligencer* noted Nicole Fiorentino's "highly musical bass lines".

## InfoBox

| "Panopticon" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by The Smashing Pumpkins | |
| from the album  *Oceania* | |
| Released | September 15, 2012 |
| Recorded | 2011 |
| Genre | Alternative rock |
| Length | 3:52 |
| Label | EMI/Caroline |
| Songwriter(s) | Billy Corgan |
| Producer(s) | Billy Corgan, Bjorn Thorsrud |
| The Smashing Pumpkins singles chronology | |
| "The Celestials"
(2012) "**Panopticon**"
(2012) "Being Beige"
(2014) | |