title: Sylvia Froos

abstract: Sylvia Froos, sometimes spelled as Sylvia Fross, was an American actress and singer who appeared on stage, radio, recordings, television, and film during the 1920s through the 1940s. She was a child star that was sometimes billed as Baby Sylvia and as the "Little Princess of Song" and in the UK as "America's Queen of Song". She was also referred to as "The Miniature Belle Baker", with her ability to mimic the vocal performances of celebrities being particularly noted by the media, and was additionally likened to Sophie Tucker and Marion Harris.

text:
# Sylvia Froos

**Sylvia Froos** (April 19, 1914 – March 28, 2004), sometimes spelled as **Sylvia Fross**, was an American actress and singer who appeared on stage, radio, recordings, television, and film during the 1920s through the 1940s. She was a child star that was sometimes billed as Baby Sylvia and as the "Little Princess of Song" and in the UK as "America's Queen of Song". She was also referred to as "The Miniature Belle Baker", with her ability to mimic the vocal performances of celebrities being particularly noted by the media, and was additionally likened to Sophie Tucker and Marion Harris.

## Career

### Child performer

Born in New York City on April 19, 1914, Froos had wanted to be a singer since a young age. When she was four, she conducted a multi-song performance at the lodge owned by her father. Her mother forced her to leave, however, and was against her doing further performances. After three years of her repeatedly begging to be allowed to perform at her family's social parties with her mother only allowing her to do so rarely, she was noticed by a theatre booker at one of the social functions after singing accompaniment. Froos was able to convince her mother to, at the age of 7, allow her to act as a part of the Kiddie Cabaret group that performed vaudeville in Washington D.C.

She was confronted, however, by women of the Gerry Society backstage who were against child labor law violations. Because she didn't meet the minimum age requirements that the law required for dancing shows, she was forced to return home. When she was eight, she began appearing as "Baby Sylvia" in bookings across the country, including on the Keith Circuit, and was repeatedly confronted by members of the Gerry Society and she was taken to court after a performance in New Orleans. According to the law, dancing rather than singing was the violation, so the Gerry Society charged that she "wiggled while she sang", thus violating the law, but the judge had her sing several songs in the courtroom and requested she sing a "father song" for him someday before he dismissed the case. Froos claimed to have the record for number of child charges and arrests by the time she was 18 due to being actively pursued by child labor law advocates every time she performed.

In 1923, she engaged in a stage tour with the Octavia White Home and conducted vaudeville features in locations including the Bijou Theatre and a play performance at the New York Biltmore Hotel for Governor Al Smith and at the White House for Florence Harding. Her first radio performance was in 1925 as a part of the "Free Milk and Ice" fund run by the *Fort Worth Star-Telegram*. She also began starring in short film productions using Vitaphone in 1927.

### Theatre

Her official Broadway debut was years later when she performed solo singing acts at the Palace Theatre in New York City. Once she was old enough to perform with them, she started touring with vaudeville groups nationally alongside other later famous figures including the Marx Brothers, Buddy Rogers, and Bing Crosby. She was signed for a role in the 1929 production of *Gay Paree of 1928* by Jacob J. Shubert after he saw her perform at the Shubert Theatre just after her 18th birthday. In addition to doing shows on Broadway, she also spent the early part of 1930 doing performances in Florida before leaving to star in a singing role in a Fox Studios production called the *Fox Follies* in Hollywood. After completing the film production, she returned to being a radio host on the KHJ network in April 1934.

As vaudeville dropped in popularity in the United States during the 1930s, she expanded her tours to European venues. Froos had her first cabaret debut in 1936 at the Chez Paree in Chicago.

### Music

The end of the 1920s saw Froos picked for a radio show for NBC and several years later in 1932 she moved to a show on WADC alongside Victor Moore, both focusing on her musical capabilities. In 1931, she was signed with Victor Records and produced a number of novelty songs, including *Who's Your Little Who-Zis?*

### Film

By 1934 at the age of 20, Froos moved onto film roles and starred alongside Shirley Temple in *Stand Up and Cheer!* as the primary vocalist in addition to John Boles.

While most moviemaking was based in Hollywood, some of the major film companies maintained studios on the east coast in the 1930s, largely for the production of short subjects. In 1934 Sylvia Froos joined the ranks of many New York-based performers who took jobs at the Vitaphone and Educational studios. Educational usually co-starred her with singer Warren Hull in its "Young Romance" musical comedies, with such titles as *All For One* and *Love in a Hurry*.

## Later career

Sylvia Froos remained a popular singer and continued to work in New York. In 1938, she conducted another series of theatre tours in Europe and South America, before returning in January 1939 and starring at the Loew's Theatre in Montreal, Canada. In 1941 she appeared in seven three-minute musical films for the Soundies movie jukeboxes.

In 1944 she undertook a series of performances at military bases and hospitals across the United States. In 1951 she recorded a dialect novelty song, "A Satchel and a Seck," with then-novice comedian Allan Sherman for Jubilee Records. When Sherman became a major recording star with song parodies in 1962, Jubilee reissued the Froos-Sherman record.

## Theatre performances

* *Gay Paree of 1928* (1929)

### Vaudeville

* *Crazy With the Heat* (1941)
* *Tons o' Fun* (1945)

## Filmography

* *The Little Princess of Song* (1927), short
* A film clip of her singing "The Sun's in My Heart" is posted on YouTube. It is labelled as from 1932.
* *Stand Up and Cheer!* (1934)
* *Soft Drinks and Sweet Music* (1934), Vitaphone film
* *All For One* (1935)
* *Love in a Hurry* (1935), short
* *School for Swing* (1937), short
* *Eddie Duchin & Orchestra with Sylvia Froos*, a Vitaphone short

## Discography

## InfoBox

| Sylvia Froos | |
| --- | --- |
| Sylvia Froos (1924) | |
| Born | (1914-04-19)April 19, 1914
New York City, U.S. |
| Died | March 28, 2004(2004-03-28) (aged 89)
New York City, U.S. |
| Occupation(s) | Actress, Vaudeville performer, Singer |
| Years active | 19211934 |


title: Swimming at the Goodwill Games

abstract: Swimming was one of the sports at the quadrennial Goodwill Games competition. Swimming competitions were held at every one of the five Goodwill Games. The final swimming events were held at the Games in 2001 as the 2005 edition of the Games were cancelled.

text:
# Swimming at the Goodwill Games

**Swimming** was one of the sports at the quadrennial **Goodwill Games** competition. Swimming competitions were held at every one of the five Goodwill Games. The final swimming events were held at the Games in 2001 as the 2005 edition of the Games were cancelled.

## Editions

| Games | Year | Host city | Host country |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 1986 | Moscow | Soviet Union |
| II | 1990 | Seattle, Washington | United States |
| III | 1994 | Saint Petersburg | Russia |
| IV | 1998 | New York City, New York | United States |
|  | 2001 | Brisbane, Queensland | Australia |


title: Swimming at the Friendship Games

abstract: Swimming at the Friendship Games took place at the Swimming Pool at the Olimpiysky Sports Complex in Moscow, Soviet Union between 19 August and 25 August 1984. 29 events were contested.

text:
# Swimming at the Friendship Games

**Swimming at the Friendship Games** took place at the Swimming Pool at the Olimpiysky Sports Complex in Moscow, Soviet Union between 19 August and 25 August 1984. 29 events (15 men's and 14 women's) were contested.

## Medal summary

### Men's events

| Event | Gold | | Silver | | Bronze | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 100 m freestyle | Sergey Smiriagin (URS) | 50.26 | Aleksey Markovsky (URS) | 50.39 | Sven Lodziewski (GDR) | 50.58 |
| 200 m freestyle | Sven Lodziewski (GDR) | 1:49.83 | Vladimir Shemetov (URS) | 1:50.33 | Sergey Krasyuk (URS) | 1:51.09 |
| 400 m freestyle | Vladimir Salnikov (URS) | 3:49.27 | Sven Lodziewski (GDR) | 3:50.98 | Sviatoslav Semenov (URS) | 3:53.34 |
| 1500 m freestyle | Vladimir Salnikov (URS) | 15:03.51 | Uwe Dassler (GDR) | 15:11.14 | Sviatoslav Semenov (URS) | 15:25.56 |
| 100 m backstroke | Dirk Richter (GDR) | 55.67 | Vladimir Shemetov (URS) | 55.88 | Frank Baltrusch (GDR) | 56.39 |
| 200 metre backstroke | Sergei Zabolotnov (URS) | 1:58.41
**(WR)** | Vladimir Shemetov (URS) | 1:59.54 | Dirk Richter (GDR) | 2:00.30 |
| 100 metre breaststroke | Dmitry Volkov (URS) | 1:03.72 | Robertas Žulpa (URS) | 1:03.87 | Sigurd Hanke (GDR) | 1:05.16 |
| 200 metre breaststroke | Robertas Žulpa (URS) | 2:15.70 | Dmitry Volkov (URS) | 2:16.97 | Albán Vermes (HUN) | 2:21.19 |
| 100 metre butterfly | Aleksey Markovsky (URS) | 54.26 | Alexandr Prigoda (URS) | 55.08 | Marcel Géry (TCH) | 55.17 |
| 200 metre butterfly | Alexandr Prigoda (URS) | 1:58.83 | Sergey Fesenko, Sr. (URS) | 1:59.52 | Marcel Géry (TCH) | 2:00.34 |
| 200 metre individual medley | Jens-Peter Berndt (GDR) | 2:02.51 | Josef Hladký (TCH) | 2:03.33 | Aleksandr Sidorenko (URS) | 2:03.35 |
| 400 metre individual medley | Jens-Peter Berndt (GDR) | 4:18.29 | Sergey Pichugin (URS) | 4:25.19 | Josef Hladký (TCH) | 4:26.29 |
| 4×100 m freestyle relay | Soviet Union (URS)
Sergey Smiriagin
Sergey Kurbatov
Sergey Krasyuk
Aleksey Markovsky
 | 3:20.19 | East Germany (GDR)
Dirk Richter
Rene Wanzlik
Sven Lodziewski
Reiner Sternal
 | 3:22.92 | Czechoslovakia (TCH)
Jarmil Proněk
Petr Kladiva
Josef Hladký
Marcel Géry
 | 3:27.31 |
| 4×200 m freestyle relay | East Germany (GDR)
Dirk Richter
Steffen Liess
Reiner Sternal
Sven Lodziewski
 | 7:20.78 | Soviet Union (URS)
Vladimir Shemetov
Andrei Liashenko
Vladimir Salnikov
Sergey Krasyuk | 7:22.31 | Czechoslovakia (TCH)
Martin Dvořák
Petr Kladiva
Josef Hladký
Marcel Géry | 7:24.78 |
| 4×100 m medley relay | Soviet Union (URS)
Vladimir Shemetov
Dmitry Volkov
Aleksey Markovsky
Sergey Smiriagin | 3:42.15 | East Germany (GDR)
Dirk Richter
Sigurd Hanke
Tino Ott
Sven Lodziewski
 | 3:43.23 | Czechoslovakia (TCH)
Josef Hladký
Petr Matoušek
Petr Kladiva
Marcel Géry | 3:43.25 |

### Women's events

| Event | Gold | | Silver | | Bronze | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 100 m freestyle | Kristin Otto (GDR) | 55.75 | Birgit Meineke (GDR) | 55.79 | Svitlana Kopchykova (URS) | 56.53 |
| 200 m freestyle | Kristin Otto (GDR) | 1:59.48 | Birgit Meineke (GDR) | 2:00.15 | Svitlana Kopchykova (URS) | 2:00.47 |
| 400 m freestyle | Astrid Strauss (GDR) | 4:07.66 | Irina Laricheva (URS) | 4:09.70 | Anke Sonnenbrodt (GDR) | 4:16.21 |
| 800 m freestyle | Astrid Strauss (GDR) | 8:24.95 | Grit Richter (GDR) | 8:33.47 | Irina Laricheva (URS) | 8:39.57 |
| 100 m backstroke | Ina Kleber (GDR) | 1:00.99 | Kristin Otto (GDR) | 1:02.02 | Viktoriya Klochko (URS) | 1:03.67 |
| 200 m backstroke | Katrin Zimmermann (GDR) | 2:12.56 | Yelena Dendeberova (URS) | 2:13.31 | Kristin Otto (GDR) | 2:15.16 |
| 100 m breaststroke | Sylvia Gerasch (GDR) | 1:08.29
**(WR)** | Ute Geweniger (GDR) | 1:08.59 | Larisa Byelokon (URS) | 1:09.63 |
| 200 metre breaststroke | Larisa Byelokon (URS) | 2:29.13 | Sylvia Gerasch (GDR) | 2:29.62 | Yelena Volkova (URS) | 2:32.36 |
| 100 metre butterfly | Tatyana Kurnikova (URS) | 59.41 | Ines Geißler (GDR) | 1:00.09 | Yelena Osadchuk (URS) | 1:01.33 |
| 200 m butterfly | Ines Geißler (GDR) | 2:09.96 | Yelena Osadchuk (URS) | 2:11.76 | Tatyana Kurnikova (URS) | 2:12.41 |
| 200 m individual medley | Ute Geweniger (GDR) | 2:11.79 | Yelena Dendeberova (URS) | 2:14.56 | Svitlana Kopchykova (URS) | 2:15.40 |
| 400 m individual medley | Yelena Dendeberova (URS) | 4:43.78 | Kathleen Nord (GDR) | 4:49.49 | Sonia Blagova (BUL) | 4:52.35 |
| 4×100 m freestyle relay | East Germany (GDR)
Kristin Otto
Caren König
Heike Friedrich
Birgit Meineke
 | 3:42.41
**(WR)** | Soviet Union (URS)
Svitlana Kopchykova
Svetlana Didienko
Tatyana Kurnikova
Yelena Dendeberova
 | 3:44.31 | Hungary (HUN)
Edit Ormos
Katalin Nagy
Ágnes Fodor
Andrea Orosz
 | 3:55.42 |
| 4×100 m medley relay | East Germany (GDR)
Ina Kleber
Sylvia Gerasch
Ines Geißler
Birgit Meineke
 | 4:03.69
**(WR)** | Soviet Union (URS)
Viktoriya Klochko
Larisa Byelokon
Tatyana Kurnikova
Svitlana Kopchykova
 | 4:08.13 | Bulgaria (BUL)
Bistra Gospodinova
Tanya Bogomilova
Radosveta Pironkova
Vanja Argirova
 | 4:16.74 |

## World records broken

Five new world records were set.

### Men's

| Event | Name | Nationality | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Men's 200 metre backstroke | Sergei Zabolotnov | Soviet Union | 1:58.41 |

### Women's

| Event | Name | Nationality | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Women's 100 m backstroke | Ina Kleber | East Germany | 1:00.59 |
| Women's 100 m breaststroke | Sylvia Gerasch | East Germany | 1:08.29 |
| Women's 4×100 m freestyle relay | Kristin Otto
Caren König
Heike Friedrich
Birgit Meineke
 | East Germany | 3:42.41 |
| Women's 4×100 m medley relay | Ina Kleber
Sylvia Gerasch
Ines Geißler
Birgit Meineke | East Germany | 4:03.69 |

## Medal table

*   Host nation (Soviet Union)

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | East Germany (GDR) | 16 | 12 | 6 | 34 |
| 2 | Soviet Union (URS)* | 13 | 16 | 13 | 42 |
| 3 | Czechoslovakia (TCH) | 0 | 1 | 6 | 7 |
| 4 | Bulgaria (BUL) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| | Hungary (HUN) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| Totals (5 entries) | | 29 | 29 | 29 | 87 |

* Chmielewski, Zbigniew; et al. (1987). *Na olimpijskim szlaku 1984. Sarajewo, Los Angeles* (in Polish). Warsaw: Sport i Turystyka. pp. 173–174, 216–218. ISBN 83-217-2610-0.
* Trzciński, Tomasz; et al. (1985). *Gwiazdy sportu '84* (in Polish). Warsaw: Krajowa Agencja Wydawnicza. pp. 89–91. ISBN 83-03-01177-4.


title: Synod of the Sun

abstract: The Synod of the Sun is a higher governing body of the Presbyterian Church (USA) in the states of Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas and Oklahoma. It has 11 Presbyteries, 687 congregations and 86,580 members (2022). The Synod is headquartered in the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex suburb of Irving, Texas.

text:
# Synod of the Sun

The **Synod of the Sun** is a higher governing body of the Presbyterian Church (USA) in the states of Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas and Oklahoma.

It has 11 Presbyteries, 687 congregations and 86,580 members (2022).

The Synod is headquartered in the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex suburb of Irving, Texas.

1. "Presbyteries". *Synod of the Sun*. Retrieved 2024-07-30.
2. "PC(USA) Research Services - Church Trends". *church-trends.pcusa.org*. Retrieved 2024-07-30.


title: Synod of Zamość

abstract: The Synod of Zamość was a Ruthenian Uniate synod held in 1720 in Zamość. It is considered a crucial event that stabilised the Uniate liturgy and organisation after this Church had managed to gain the upper hand among the Eastern Christians of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Having brought the Uniates into line with the Tridentine Catholicism, the synod remains a controversial issue, as its critics claim that it corrupted the Ruthenian Uniate traditions with too many borrowings from the Latins.

text:
# Synod of Zamość

The **Synod of Zamość** was a Ruthenian Uniate synod held in 1720 in Zamość. It is considered a crucial event that stabilised the Uniate liturgy and organisation after this Church had managed to gain the upper hand among the Eastern Christians of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Having brought the Uniates into line with the Tridentine Catholicism, the synod remains a controversial issue, as its critics claim that it corrupted the Ruthenian Uniate traditions with too many borrowings from the Latins.

## Background

In 1596 the Ruthenian Orthodox bishops of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth accepted the terms of the 1439 Union of Florence and concluded the so-called Union of Brest with the Holy See in Rome. In exchange for the promises of political elevation within the Commonwealth and the preservation of their Byzantine-Slavonic liturgy and organisation, they chose to recognise the papal supremacy. Many Orthodox Ruthenians, however, regarded that agreement as contemptible and rejected it outright, which led to a prolonged internecine strife among the Commonwealth's Eastern Christians and constituted one of the causes of the Cossack uprisings.

In the course of the seventeenth century, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth lost control of Kyiv and the territories on the left bank of the Dnipro, inhabited by the Ukrainian Cossacks and nobles fiercely opposed to the Union of Brest. This, in turn, weakened the supporters of Orthodoxy among those Ruthenians who remained under the Polish-Lithuanian rule and enabled the Uniates to gain the upper hand: the process was crowned in 1700 when the bishop Iosyf Shumlianskyi succeeded in turning the crucial eparchy of Lviv to Union.

In the second decade of the eighteenth century the Uniate Metropolitan Lev Kyshka applied to Rome for permission to convene a provincial synod that would order the affairs of his Church and solidify its dominance among the Commonwealth's Ruthenians. Pope Clement XI agreed.

## Sessions and attendance

Originally, the synod was to take place in Lviv, but it was removed to Zamość due to the epidemic. Three sessions were held in the St Nicholas Church in the southeast part of the town: the first one on 26 August 1720, the second one on 1 September, and the last one on 17 September. The meetings were presided by the papal nuncio to Poland-Lithuania Archbishop of Edessa Girolamo Grimaldi. Apart from the metropolitan Kyshka, the synod was attended by the following Uniate bishops:

The gathering was also joined by the leaders of the Uniate Basilian Order and lay representatives of the Lviv Dormition Brotherhood.

## Statutes

The regulations adopted in Zamość brought the Uniate Church into line with the Tridentine policies and sensibilities, but at the same time aimed to preserve its separate character, for example Uniate priests were strictly forbidden to use the unleavened Latin-style bread for the Eucharist. The synod decreed the insertion of the filioque and mentions of the current pope in public prayers, as well as stricter care of the matter of the Eucharist. The uniquely Latin Catholic holiday of Corpus Christi was now introduced into the Uniate liturgical calendar, whereas the veneration of Gregory Palamas was expressly prohibited. Zamość tacitly recognised the presence of side altars and the performance of more than one liturgy a day in Uniate churches. The synod demanded also the establishment of diocesan seminaries and the unification of the Basilian monasteries of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth into one congregation. What is more, in the future only Basilian monks were to be nominated as bishops.

## Aftermath

Pope Benedict XIII approved the synod's statutes and had them published in Latin in 1724. Metropolitan Kyshka had released a concise Ruthenian-language catechism based on the Zamość regulations already in 1722 and in 1743 the next Metropolitan, Atanasii Sheptytskyi, had the statutes published in that language for the first time, but this translation soon became a rarity. Much more accessible was the Polish-language edition of 1785. The Propaganda Fide republished the Latin version twice in the course of the nineteenth century and eventually in 1897 a Ukrainian translation was produced in Lviv by the authorities of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church.

Both before and after the synod of Zamość the Uniate Church adopted many practices of the Latin Catholic Church. Numerous Orthodox and some Greek Catholic critics condemned this phenomenon as an unnecessary, if not outright harmful, Latinization of the Eastern Christian tradition. In the nineteenth century the Zamość regulations formed the basis of the Greek Catholic liturgical and organisational practices in Austrian Galicia, but critical voices continued to challenge them. In the twentieth century Metropolitan Andrei Sheptytskyi presided over a wholesale turn away from the allegedly Latinate post-Zamość uses towards more Byzantinised forms.

## Further reading


abstract: The Synod of the Norwegian Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, commonly called the Norwegian Synod, was founded in 1853. It included churches in Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, and Wisconsin.

text:
# Synod of the Norwegian Evangelical Lutheran Church in America

The **Synod of the Norwegian Evangelical Lutheran Church in America**, commonly called the **Norwegian Synod**, was founded in 1853. It included churches in Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, and Wisconsin.

## History

In February 1853, several Lutheran ministers including Claus Lauritz Clausen, Hans Andreas Stub, Adolph Carl Preus, Herman Amberg Preus, G. F. Dietrichson, Jacob Aall Ottesen, and R. D. Brandt organized the Norwegian Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, commonly known as the Norwegian Synod. It was organized at Koshkonong and Luther Valley near the Jefferson Prairie Settlement outside Madison, Wisconsin. Among the first denominational leaders was Ulrik Vilhelm Koren. The synod adopted the ritual of the Church of Norway. In 1868 the name was changed to the Synod for the Norwegian Evangelical Lutheran Church in America.

In the early years Norwegian Synod seminary students were sent to Concordia Seminary in St. Louis, Missouri. Luther College was founded near La Crosse, Wisconsin, in 1861, and relocated to Decorah, Iowa, the next year. Peter Laurentius Larsen served as president of Luther College from 1861 until he resigned from the presidency in 1902.

In 1876, the denomination established Luther Seminary in Madison, Wisconsin, (later moved to St. Paul). Desiring unity and cooperation with fellow Lutherans, in 1872 the Norwegian Synod was a co-founder of the Evangelical Lutheran Synodical Conference of North America along with the Missouri, Wisconsin, and Ohio synods. However, the Norwegian Synod soon experienced internal division over questions concerning predestination and conversion, and during the 1880s about a third of its congregations left. These dissenting "Anti-Missourian Brotherhood" congregations joined in 1890 with the Norwegian Augustana Synod and the Norwegian-Danish Conference to form the United Norwegian Lutheran Church of America (Norwegian:*Den Forenede Kirke*).

Further attempts at Lutheran unity continued into the early 20th century. The 1912 Madison Settlement (Norwegian: *Madison Opgjør*), agreed upon by representatives of the Hauge Synod, the United Church, and the Norwegian Synod, called for doctrinal discussions and compromises to take place so that Norwegian Lutherans could unite into a single jurisdiction. The result was the Austin Agreement of 1916, and on June 9, 1917, the United Church, the Hauge Synod, and the Norwegian Synod merged to become the Norwegian Lutheran Church of America. In 1946, that body changed its name to the Evangelical Lutheran Church. Through a series of mergers, it became part of the American Lutheran Church in 1960, and currently the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA).

After the merger of 1917, a small group who chose not to join the merger for doctrinal reasons, reorganized as the Norwegian Synod of the American Evangelical Lutheran Church (sometimes referred to as the "Little Norwegian Synod"). This group committed itself “to continue in the old doctrine and practice of the Norwegian Synod". In 1957, it changed its name to become the Evangelical Lutheran Synod.

## Presidents

## Other sources

* Aaberg, Theodore Arne. *A City Set on the Hill, A History of the Evangelical Lutheran Synod (Norwegian Synod) 1918-1968.*
* Nichol, Todd W. *All These Lutherans* (Minneapolis, MN: Augburg Publishing House, 1986)
* Nelson, E. Clifford, and Fevold, Eugene L. *The Lutheran Church among Norwegian-Americans: a history of the Evangelical Lutheran Church* (Minneapolis: Augsburg Publishing House, 1960)
* Wolf, Edmund Jacob. *The Lutherans in America; a story of struggle, progress, influence and marvelous growth*.( New York: J.A. Hill. 1889)

## InfoBox

| Synod of the Norwegian Evangelical Lutheran Church in America | |
| --- | --- |
| Abbreviation | Norwegian Synod |
| Classification | Lutheran |
| Region | United States |
| Origin | February 1853
Koshkonong and Luther Valley, Wisconsin |
| Separations | Anti-Missourian Brotherhood (1880s)
Evangelical Lutheran Synod (1917) |
| Merged into | Norwegian Lutheran Church of America (1917) |


title: Synopses of the British Fauna

abstract: Synopses of the British Fauna is a series of identification guides, published by The Linnean Society and The Estuarine and Coastal Sciences Association. Each volume in the series provides and in-depth analysis of a group of animals and is designed to bridge the gap between the standard field guide and more specialised monograph or treatise. The series is now published by The Field Studies Council on behalf of The Linnean Society and The Estuarine and Coastal Sciences Association. The series is designed for use in the field and is kept as user friendly as possible with technical terminology kept to a minimum and a glossary of terms provided, although the complexity of the subject matter makes the books more suitable for the more experienced practitioner.

text:
# Synopses of the British Fauna

***Synopses of the British Fauna*** is a series of identification guides, published by The Linnean Society and The Estuarine and Coastal Sciences Association. Each volume in the series provides and in-depth analysis of a group of animals and is designed to bridge the gap between the standard field guide and more specialised monograph or treatise. The series is now published by The Field Studies Council on behalf of The Linnean Society and The Estuarine and Coastal Sciences Association.

The series is designed for use in the field and is kept as user friendly as possible with technical terminology kept to a minimum and a glossary of terms provided, although the complexity of the subject matter makes the books more suitable for the more experienced practitioner.

## History of the series

On 11 March 1943, at a meeting of The Linnean Society in Burlington House, TH Savoy presented his "Synopsis of the Opiliones" (Harvestmen). It was so well received that a decision was made there and then to publish it as the first of a series of "ecological fauna lists".

Re-launched by Dr Doris Kermack in the mid-1960s, the New Series of *Synopses of the British Fauna* went from strength to strength. From number 13, the series had been jointly sponsored by The Estuarine and Coastal Sciences Association and Dr RSK Barnes became co-editor.

From 1993, the series has been published by The Field Studies Council and benefits from association with the extensive testing undertaken as part of the AIDGAP project.

## Volumes

The series contains the following volumes, many of which are out of print. Many of the volumes have been updated and reprinted under slightly different names to reflect either taxonomic changes or advances in the understanding of a group.


title: Systemic inflammatory response syndrome

abstract: In immunology, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is an inflammatory state affecting the whole body. It is the body's response to an infectious or noninfectious insult. Although the definition of SIRS refers to it as an "inflammatory" response, it actually has pro- and anti-inflammatory components.

text:
# Systemic inflammatory response syndrome

In immunology, **systemic inflammatory response syndrome** (**SIRS**) is an inflammatory state affecting the whole body. It is the body's response to an infectious or noninfectious insult. Although the definition of SIRS refers to it as an "inflammatory" response, it actually has pro- and anti-inflammatory components.

## Presentation

### Complications

SIRS is frequently complicated by failure of one or more organs or organ systems. The complications of SIRS include

## Causes

The causes of SIRS are broadly classified as infectious or noninfectious. Causes of SIRS include:

Other causes include:

## Diagnosis

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome
| Finding | Value |
| --- | --- |
| Temperature | \<36 °C (96.8 °F) or \>38 °C (100.4 °F) |
| Heart rate | \>90/min |
| Respiratory rate | \>20/min or PaCO2\<32 mmHg (4.3 kPa) |
| WBC | \<4x109/L (\<4000/mm3), \>12x109/L (\>12,000/mm3), or ≥10% bands |

SIRS is a serious condition related to systemic inflammation, organ dysfunction, and organ failure. It is a subset of cytokine storm, in which there is abnormal regulation of various cytokines. SIRS is also closely related to sepsis, in which patients satisfy criteria for SIRS and have a suspected or proven infection.

Many experts consider the current criteria for a SIRS diagnosis to be overly sensitive, as nearly all (\>90%) of patients admitted to the ICU meet the SIRS criteria.

### Adult

Manifestations of SIRS include, but are not limited to:

When two or more of these criteria are met with or without evidence of infection, patients may be diagnosed with "SIRS". Patients with SIRS and acute organ dysfunction may be termed "severe SIRS". Note: Fever and an increased white blood cell count are features of the acute-phase reaction, while an increased heart rate is often the initial sign of hemodynamic compromise. An increased rate of breathing may be related to the increased metabolic stress due to infection and inflammation, but may also be an ominous sign of inadequate perfusion resulting in the onset of anaerobic cellular metabolism.

### Children

The International Pediatric Sepsis Consensus has proposed some changes to adapt these criteria to the pediatric population.

In children, the SIRS criteria are modified in the following fashion:

Temperature or white blood cell count must be abnormal to qualify as SIRS in pediatric patients.

## Treatment

Generally, the treatment for SIRS is directed towards the underlying problem or inciting cause (i.e. adequate fluid replacement for hypovolemia, IVF/NPO for pancreatitis, epinephrine/steroids/diphenhydramine for anaphylaxis). Selenium, glutamine, and eicosapentaenoic acid have shown effectiveness in improving symptoms in clinical trials. Other antioxidants such as vitamin E may be helpful as well.

Septic treatment protocol and diagnostic tools have been created due to the potentially severe outcome septic shock. For example, the SIRS criteria were created as mentioned above to be extremely sensitive in suggesting which patients may have sepsis. However, these rules lack specificity, i.e. not a true diagnosis of the condition, but rather a suggestion to take necessary precautions. The SIRS criteria are guidelines set in place to ensure septic patients receive care as early as possible.

In cases caused by an implanted mesh, removal (explantation) of the polypropylene surgical mesh implant may be indicated.

## History

The concept of SIRS was first conceived of and presented by William R. Nelson, of the Department of Surgery of the University of Toronto. SIRS was more broadly adopted in 1991 at the American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine Consensus Conference with the goal of aiding in the early detection of sepsis.

Criteria for SIRS were established in 1992 as part of the American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine Consensus Conference. The conference concluded that the manifestations of SIRS include, but are not limited to the first four described above under adult SIRS criteria.

In septic patients, these clinical signs can also be seen in other proinflammatory conditions, such as trauma, burns, pancreatitis, etc. A follow-up conference, therefore, decided to define the patients with a documented or highly suspicious infection that results in a systemic inflammatory response as having sepsis. Note that SIRS criteria are non-specific, and must be interpreted carefully within the clinical context. These criteria exist primarily for the purpose of more objectively classifying critically ill patients so that future clinical studies may be more rigorous and more easily reproducible.

## InfoBox

| Systemic inflammatory response syndrome | |
| --- | --- |
| Specialty | Immunology |
| Complications | Acute kidney injury, shock, septic shock, sepsis, multiple organ failure |


title: Sylvi Keskinen

abstract: Sylvi Keskinen Weintraub was a Finnish hurdler. She competed in the women's 80 metres hurdles at the 1952 Summer Olympics. She worked as a X-ray nurse.

text:
# Sylvi Keskinen

**Sylvi Keskinen Weintraub** (8 July 1933  4 May 2013) was a Finnish hurdler. She competed in the women's 80 metres hurdles at the 1952 Summer Olympics. She worked as a X-ray nurse.

## InfoBox

Sylvi Keskinen
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | Finnish |
| Born | (1933-07-08)8 July 1933<br>Ylöjärvi, Finland |
| Died | 4 May 2013(2013-05-04) (aged 79) |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Track and field |
| Event | 80 metres hurdles |


title: Syrorisa

abstract: Syrorisa is a monotypic genus of South Pacific intertidal spiders containing the single species, Syrorisa misella. It was first described by Eugène Simon in 1908, and has only been found on New Caledonia and Australia. Originally placed in the Amaurobiidae, it was moved to the Desidae in 1967.

text:
# Syrorisa

***Syrorisa*** is a monotypic genus of South Pacific intertidal spiders containing the single species, ***Syrorisa misella***. It was first described by Eugène Simon in 1908, and has only been found on New Caledonia and Australia. Originally placed in the Amaurobiidae, it was moved to the Desidae in 1967.

## InfoBox

| *Syrorisa* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Desidae |
| Genus: | *Syrorisa*
Simon, 1908 |
| Species: | ***S. misella*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Syrorisa misella***
(Simon, 1906) | |
|


title: Sylvie Kauffmann

abstract: Sylvie Kauffmann is a French journalist for Agence France-Presse (AFP) and the newspaper Le Monde. She worked for AFP in France in 1979 and as a foreign correspondent from 1980 to 1988. Kauffmann joined Le Monde as Moscow correspondent in 1988 and later Eastern and Central Europe correspondent from 1989 to 1993. She worked in the United States from 1993 to 2001 and Latin America in 2002 and 2003. Kauffman was appointed deputy chief editor of Le Monde in 2003 and covering Southeast Asia as reporter-in-large from 2006 to 2009. In 2010, she was appointed the newspaper's first woman editor-in-chief, serving in the role until 2011.

text:
# Sylvie Kauffmann

**Sylvie Kauffmann** (born 30 October 1955) is a French journalist for Agence France-Presse (AFP) and the newspaper *Le Monde*. She worked for AFP in France in 1979 and as a foreign correspondent from 1980 to 1988. Kauffmann joined *Le Monde* as Moscow correspondent in 1988 and later Eastern and Central Europe correspondent from 1989 to 1993. She worked in the United States from 1993 to 2001 and Latin America in 2002 and 2003. Kauffman was appointed deputy chief editor of *Le Monde* in 2003 and covering Southeast Asia as reporter-in-large from 2006 to 2009. In 2010, she was appointed the newspaper's first woman editor-in-chief, serving in the role until 2011.

## Early life and education

Kauffmann was born on 30 October 1955 in Marseille, France, to a military doctor. She earned degrees from the Centre de Formation des Journalistes (English: Training Centre for Journalists) in Paris, the Instituts d'études politiques, the Sciences Po Aix, the University of Provence and a degree in Spanish from Bilbao's University of Deusto.

## Career

### *AFP*, 1979–1988

In 1979, Kauffmann began her career in journalism as the French desk for the French news agency Agence France-Presse (AFP). One year later, she was made a foreign correspondent for the agency, spending 1980 to 1984 in London and 1984 from 1985 in Warsaw, Nouméa in 1985, and then in Moscow between 1986 and 1988, during the period of Glasnost and Perestroika.

### *Le Monde*, 1988–present

Kauffmann joined *Le Monde* as its Moscow correspondent in 1988. The following year, she was made Eastern and Central Europe correspondent, covering the Fall of the Berlin Wall, the Dissolution of the Soviet Union, and the political changes of Eastern Europe's new democracies converting to a market economy.

Kauffmann was moved by *Le Monde* to the United States in 1993, serving as Washington correspondent, until she was made New York Bureau Chief in 1996, serving in the position until 2001. According to *The New York Times*, Kauffman's "coverage of the United States was considered particularly objective and admirable, given the ambivalent relationship France has often had with the United States", observing the Presidency of Bill Clinton and the emergence of the Internet. In 1998 and 1999, she participated in the French-American Foundation's Young Leaders programme. She returned to Paris in 2001 but was sent back to New York later in the year to cover the Aftermath of the September 11 attacks as reporter-as-large. Kauffman's article collection of the attacks entitled *Chronicle of America at War* earned her the Prix AFRI-Thucydide international journalism award. From 2002 to 2003, she travelled to Latin America to cover the Argentine financial crisis, the election of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva as President of Brazil and Hugo Chávez's presidency in Venezuela.

In 2003, Kauffmann returned to *Le Monde*'s Paris headquarters and became part of the editorial team when she was appointed deputy chief editor, becoming responsible for the newspaper's major reporters, and leading its in-depth reporting section. She continued in the role until 2004, when she was made managing editor of the newspaper until 2006. Kauffman was then made correspondent and reporter-at-large for *Le Monde* based in Singapore, covering Southeast Asia, Burma, the Philippines, China and India with a weekly column.

Éric Fottorino asked her in late 2009 to consider an improved articulation of information for the newspaper and its website. Kauffmann was appointed editor-in-chief of *Le Monde* by Fottorino on 18 January 2010, succeeding Alain Frachon whose two-year term in the position had ended in 2009 and becoming the first woman to hold the post. During her tenure as executive director, she indicated her desire to improve the print newspaper and website, transforming *Le Monde* into “the paper that never sleeps.” Kauffmann also oversaw the collaboration of WikiLeaks with *El Pais*, *The Guardian* and *The New York Times*. In 2011, she was one of 13 candidates to apply for the position of director of *Le Monde*. Although the newspaper staff supported Kauffmann's candidacy, the owners Pierre Bergé, Xavier Niel and Matthieu Pigasse and a selection committee rejected her and appointed Érik Izraelewicz as director of *Le Monde*.

Kauffmann left the post of editor-in-chief soon after, but remained at *Le Monde* as an editor. Kauffmann contributes to the opinion pages of *The New York Times International Edition*, the *Financial Times*, and regularly appears on the France Culture radio programme *L'Esprit public.*

## Other activities

### Corporate boards

### Non-profit organizations

## Personal life

Kauffmann is married to the ambassador Pierre Buhler.

## InfoBox

| Sylvie Kauffmann | |
| --- | --- |
| Kauffmann in 2017 | |
| Born | (1955-10-30) 30 October 1955<br>Marseille, France |
| Occupation | Journalist |
| Years active | 1979–present |
| Employers |  |
| Spouse | Pierre Buhler |


title: Syncytin-1

abstract: Syncytin-1 also known as enverin is a protein found in humans and other primates that is encoded by the ERVW-1 gene. Syncytin-1 is a cell-cell fusion protein whose function is best characterized in placental development. The placenta in turn aids in embryo attachment to the uterus and establishment of a nutrient supply. The gene encoding this protein is an endogenous retroviral element that is the remnant of an ancient retroviral infection integrated into the primate germ line. In the case of syncytin-1, this integration likely occurred more than 25 million years ago. Syncytin-1 is one of two known syncytin proteins expressed in catarrhini primates and one of many viral genomes incorporated on multiple occasions over evolutionary time in diverse mammalian species. ERVW-1 is located within ERVWE1, a full length provirus on chromosome 7 at locus 7q21.2 flanked by long terminal repeats (LTRs) and is preceded by ERVW1 gag and pol (POLymerase) within the provirus, both of which contain nonsense mutations rendering them non-coding. Syncytin-1 is also implicated in a number of neurological pathologies, most notably, multiple sclerosis, as an immunogen.

text:
# Syncytin-1

**Syncytin-1** also known as **enverin** is a protein found in humans and other primates that is encoded by the **ERVW-1** gene (endogenous retrovirus group W envelope member 1). Syncytin-1 is a cell-cell fusion protein whose function is best characterized in placental development. The placenta in turn aids in embryo attachment to the uterus and establishment of a nutrient supply.

The gene encoding this protein is an endogenous retroviral element that is the remnant of an ancient retroviral infection integrated into the primate germ line. In the case of syncytin-1 (which is found in humans, apes, and Old World but not New World monkeys), this integration likely occurred more than 25 million years ago. Syncytin-1 is one of two known syncytin proteins expressed in catarrhini primates (the other being syncytin-2) and one of many viral genomes incorporated on multiple occasions over evolutionary time in diverse mammalian species.

ERVW-1 is located within ERVWE1, a full length provirus on chromosome 7 at locus 7q21.2 flanked by long terminal repeats (LTRs) and is preceded by ERVW1 gag (Group AntiGen) and pol (POLymerase) within the provirus, both of which contain nonsense mutations rendering them non-coding.

Syncytin-1 is also implicated in a number of neurological pathologies, most notably, multiple sclerosis, as an immunogen.

## Placental development

Syncytin-1 mediated trophoblast fusion is essential for normal placental development. The early placental barrier is composed of two placenta specific cell layers: cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast layer. Cytotrophoblasts are continually dividing, non-differentiated cells and the syncytiotrophoblast is one, fully differentiated, non dividing, fused cell syncytium. Syncytin-1 expression on the surface of cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblast mediate fusion. The syncytiotrophoblast layer is the interface between the developing fetus and the maternal blood supply, which forms, together with the underlying basal membrane and the fetal endothelium the placental barrier. The placental barrier enables nutrient and waste exchange, while blocking maternal immune and other cells, particles and molecules from passing into the fetal blood circulation. Cytotrophoblasts are forced into senescence by fusion into the syncytiotrophoblast. Therefore, cytotrophoblast proliferation is necessary for growth and maintenance of the syncytiotrophoblast layer. Syncytin-1 expression in cytotrophoblasts promotes G1/S transition and proliferation thereby ensuring continual replenishment of the cytotrophoblast pool. The name syncytin derives from its involvement in the formation of syncytium, the multinucleated syncytiotrophoblast protoplasm. There is another endogenous retroviral envelope protein expressed in the placenta from a different ERV family: syncytin-2 (of HERV-FRD).

## Receptor

The syncytin-1 receptor is the Na-dependent amino acid transporter 2 (ASCT2 or SLC1A5). This receptor places syncytin-1 in a large viral interference group called retroviral mammalian type D receptor (RDR) interference group. Syncytin-1 has been shown to interfere with viral infection *in-vitro* by RDR interference group member spleen necrosis virus. Syncytin-1 can also recognize ASCT1 or SLC1A4, but this receptor is not a receptor for the RDR interference group. Mutation studies of syncytin-1 and of ASCT2 have provided insight into potential receptor binding domains and determinants. A putative receptor binding domain was identified in syncytin-1 at residues 117-144. The amino acid sequence at this region is well conserved amongst RDR interference group members. The motif SDGGGX2DX2R is present in all RDR interference group members within this conserved region and may play an important role in binding. Preliminary evidence with syncytin-1 and spleen necrosis virus indicate this motif contains the ASCT2 binding determinants.

The largest ectodomain of ASCT1 and ASCT2, extracellular loop 2 (ECL2), contains at its C-terminus a 21 residue hypervariable region between human, mouse, and hamster receptors. This region was shown to confer specificity to receptor binding by most RDR interference group members. Both glycosylation pattern and amino acid sequence differences between human and rodent receptors are determinants in susceptibility to infection by RDR interference group members. Murine (mouse) ASCT1 expressing cells are only susceptible to syncytin-1 and another endogenous retroviral env protein (that of Baboon Endogenous Retrovirus) and human ASCT1 has only been shown to bind syncytin-1. Further research is needed to elucidate ASCT and RDR binding determinants.

## Structure

Syncytin-1 shares many structural elements with class I retroviral glycoproteins (such as, Murine Leukemia Virus gp, and HIV gp120, gp41). It is composed of a surface subunit (SU) and transmembrane subunit (TM), separated by a furin cleavage site. The two subunits form a heterodimer and are likely linked by a disulfide bond between two conserved cysteine rich motifs: CXXC in SU and CX6CC in TM. This heterodimer likely forms a homotrimer at the cell surface. Syncytin-1 TM contains the fusion peptide, and two heptad repeats separated by a chain reversal region common to class I retroviral glycoproteins. Syncytin-1 is a single pass membrane protein and has a relatively long cytoplasmic tail; however, truncation of the cytoplasmic tail to just 14 residues has been shown to increase fusogenic activity, indicating its C-terminus is likely involved in modulating fusion activity.

## Clinical significance

### Pre-eclampsia

Hypoxic conditions characteristic of Pre-eclampsia and IUGR are associated with abnormal expression of syncytin-1 in trophoblast cells and pre-eclamptic placental tissue has reduced levels of syncytin-1 expression. Abnormal syncytin-1 expression likely plays an important role in placental pathologies.

### Neurological pathologies

ERVW-1 is a single locus within the HERV-W family encoding a fully functional env protein. mRNA and protein expression of the ERVW-1 locus in neural tissue is implicated in neurodegeneration and development of multiple sclerosis. Multiple sclerosis retrovirus like particle (MSRV) envelope protein shares high sequence similarity to ERVW-1 encoded syncytin-1 and has long been studied as an important factor in MS pathogenesis. The gene locus of MSRV env has not been determined.

Preliminary evidence implicates aberrant expression of ERVW-1 in neuron and glial cells and HERV-W LTR mediated aberrant cellular protein expression in the pathogenesis of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.

## InfoBox

| ERVW-1 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Identifiers | | | |
| Aliases | ERVW-1, ENV, ENVW, ERVWE1, HERV-7q, HERV-W-ENV, HERV7Q, HERVW, HERVWENV, endogenous retrovirus group W member 1, endogenous retrovirus group W member 1, envelope | | |
| External IDs | OMIM: 604659; HomoloGene: 137309; GeneCards: ERVW-1; OMA:ERVW-1 - orthologs | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
| Orthologs  Species **Human** **Mouse**  Entrez   Ensembl   UniProt   RefSeq (mRNA)     NM\_014590
NM\_001130925   n/a   RefSeq (protein)     NP\_001124397
NP\_055405   n/a   Location (UCSC) Chr 7: 92.47 – 92.48 Mb n/a  PubMed search  n/a | | | |
| Wikidata | | | |
| View/Edit Human | | | |


title: Synd for dig

abstract: Synd for dig is a song by Danish singer Medina from her third studio album For altid. It was released as the second single from the album on 19 September 2011. "Synd for dig" peaked at number one in Denmark, becoming Medina's seventh number-one single.

text:
# Synd for dig

**Synd for dig** is a song by Danish singer Medina from her third studio album *For altid*. It was released as the second single from the album on 19 September 2011. "Synd for dig" peaked at number one in Denmark, becoming Medina's seventh number-one single.

## Track listing

* **Danish digital download**

1. "Synd For Dig" – 3:29

* **Danish iTunes digital download remix**

1. "Synd For Dig" (ELOQ Remix Feat. KIDD) – 3:37

## Charts and certifications

### Charts

| Chart (2011) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Denmark (Tracklisten) | 1 |
|

### Year-end charts

| Chart (2011) | Position |
| --- | --- |
| Danish Singles Chart | 31 |

### Certifications

| Country | Certification |
| --- | --- |
| Denmark | Platinum |

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format | Label |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Denmark | 19 September 2011 | Digital download | Labelmade |
|

## InfoBox

| "Synd for dig" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Medina | |
| from the album  *For altid* | |
| Released | 19 September 2011 |
| Recorded | 2011 |
| Genre | Electropop, dubstep |
| Length | 3:29 |
| Label | Labelmade |
| Songwriter(s) | Jeppe Federspiel, Rasmus Stabell, Medina |
| Medina singles chronology | |
| "The One"
(2011) "**Synd for dig**"
(2011) "Kl. 10"
(2011) | |


title: Szewnia Górna

abstract: Szewnia Górna is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Adamów, within Zamość County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) north-east of Adamów, 13 km (8 mi) south-west of Zamość, and 82 km (51 mi) south-east of the regional capital Lublin.

text:
# Szewnia Górna

**Szewnia Górna** \[ˈʂɛvɲa ˈɡurna\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Adamów, within Zamość County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) north-east of Adamów, 13 km (8 mi) south-west of Zamość, and 82 km (51 mi) south-east of the regional capital Lublin.

## InfoBox

| Szewnia Górna | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Szewnia Górna | |
| Coordinates: 50°37′21″N 23°10′54″E / 50.62250°N 23.18167°E / 50.62250; 23.18167 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Lublin |
| County | Zamość |
| Gmina | Adamów |
| Population | |
| Total | 220 |


title: Szidi Rákosi

abstract: Szidi Rákosi was a Hungarian actress and acting teacher. Her relatives included Béla Rákosi, Jenő Rákosi, Viktor Rákosi and Ida Rákosi, the wife of Lajos Evva.

text:
# Szidi Rákosi

**Szidi Rákosi** (born **Szidónia Kremsner**; 28 May 1852, Ötvös, Kingdom of Hungary – 20 October 1935, Budapest, Hungary) was a Hungarian actress and acting teacher. Her relatives included Béla Rákosi, Jenő Rákosi, Viktor Rákosi and Ida Rákosi, the wife of Lajos Evva.

## Life

Rákosi was the daughter of János Kremsner and Anna Vogel. In 1867, their surname was changed from Kremsner to Rákosi.

Rákosi began her career in 1867 at the Budai Theatre. She graduated from a drama academy in 1870. From 1870 to 1872, she performed at the National Theatre in Budapest. She married Zsolt Beöthy, with whom she had two children: László Beöthy (13 April 1873), a theatrical director, and Zsigmond (1875). She divorced Zsolt in 1877 and began to perform at the Budai Theatre again until 1885.

In 1909, she became a life member of the National Theatre, and also became an honorary member in 1928 until 1934. She also appeared at the Magyar Theatre in 1917, and the Comedy Theatre of Budapest in 1920. She was relatively unknown towards the beginning of her career, but found fame in grandmotherly and comedic roles.

In 1892, Rákosi was part of an actor-led training school, which educated generations of Hungarian actors for the stage. On 8 February 1895, she provided an application to the Budapest City Council for a civic theatre. The new theatre was named the Magyar Theatre. The plot of land needed to build the theater was bought by her brother and her sister's husband, Lajos Evva.

Her children and students helped support Rákosi in Budapest until she died at age 83.

## Teaching

In 1892, she opened her own theater school. In 1909, she became a life member of the National Theatre. The King's Theatre celebrated 40 years of her educational work. Notable students of hers include Sári Fedák and Gyula Gózon.

## Further reading

* *Magyar színházművészeti lexikon.*Főszerk. Székely György. Budapest: Akadémiai. 1994. ISBN 963-05-6635-4Online elérés
* Kellér Andor: Bal négyes páholy - Bp., 1960.
* Izsáky Margit: Beszélgetés a nagyasszonnyal - Rákosi Szidi 83 éves - Délibáb, 1934. 22. sz.
* Miből lesz a cserebogár? / Rákosi Szidónia - Délibáb, 1928. június 2.
* B.: Az örökifjú Rákosi Szidi -Tolnai Világlapja / Világszínpad, 1926. augusztus 25.
* Rákosi Szidi nyilvánossági joggal felruházott színésziskolájának története - 1896.

## Other information


title: São José do Jacuri

abstract: São José do Jacuri is a municipality in the state of Minas Gerais in the Southeast region of Brazil.

text:
# São José do Jacuri

**São José do Jacuri** is a municipality in the state of Minas Gerais in the Southeast region of Brazil.

18°16′S 42°40′W / 18.267°S 42.667°W / -18.267; -42.667

## InfoBox

| São José do Jacuri | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
|  | |
| Country | Brazil |
| Region | Southeast |
| State | Minas Gerais |
| Mesoregion | Vale do Rio Doce |
| Population (2020 ) | |
| Total | 6,431 |
| Time zone | UTC−3 (BRT) |


title: São José do Rio Pardo

abstract: São José do Rio Pardo is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. The population is 55,124 in an area of 419 km⁲. The elevation is 676 m. It was founded by Colonel Antônio Marçal Nogueira de Barros in 1870. In the same year, a chapel to Saint Joseph was built. It became a municipality in 1885, when it was separated from Casa Branca. In the late 1800s and the early 1900s the town received a mass of immigration from northern Italy, those immigrants went to town for working in the coffee fields in replacement of the slave workforce, since slaves were set free in 1888 by an act of Princess Elizabeth.

text:
# São José do Rio Pardo

**São José do Rio Pardo** is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. The population is 55,124 (2020 est.) in an area of 419 km2. The elevation is 676 m. It was founded by Colonel Antônio Marçal Nogueira de Barros in 1870. In the same year, a chapel to Saint Joseph was built. It became a municipality in 1885, when it was separated from Casa Branca. In the late 1800s and the early 1900s the town received a mass of immigration from northern Italy, those immigrants went to town for working in the coffee fields in replacement of the slave workforce, since slaves were set free in 1888 by an act of Princess Elizabeth.

## Media

In telecommunications, the city was served by Telecomunicações de São Paulo. In July 1998, this company was acquired by Telefónica, which adopted the Vivo brand in 2012. The company is currently an operator of cell phones, fixed lines, internet (fiber optics/4G) and television (satellite and cable).

## Climate

| Climate data for São José do Rio Pardo (2008–2020) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 30.1
(86.2) | 30.5
(86.9) | 29.5
(85.1) | 28.6
(83.5) | 26.0
(78.8) | 25.2
(77.4) | 25.8
(78.4) | 27.3
(81.1) | 29.7
(85.5) | 30.3
(86.5) | 29.4
(84.9) | 29.9
(85.8) | 28.5
(83.3) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 24.6
(76.3) | 24.7
(76.5) | 23.9
(75.0) | 22.2
(72.0) | 19.4
(66.9) | 18.4
(65.1) | 18.4
(65.1) | 19.7
(67.5) | 22.3
(72.1) | 23.7
(74.7) | 23.6
(74.5) | 24.4
(75.9) | 22.1
(71.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 19.0
(66.2) | 18.8
(65.8) | 18.2
(64.8) | 15.9
(60.6) | 12.8
(55.0) | 11.7
(53.1) | 11.0
(51.8) | 12.0
(53.6) | 14.8
(58.6) | 17.1
(62.8) | 17.8
(64.0) | 18.8
(65.8) | 15.7
(60.2) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 229.1
(9.02) | 137.3
(5.41) | 144.1
(5.67) | 61.7
(2.43) | 42.4
(1.67) | 25.9
(1.02) | 12.4
(0.49) | 19.6
(0.77) | 62.4
(2.46) | 127.3
(5.01) | 155.5
(6.12) | 209.6
(8.25) | 1,227.3
(48.32) |
| Source: Centro Integrado de Informações Agrometeorológicas | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| São José do Rio Pardo | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Bridge at São José do Rio Pardo | |
|  | |
| Location in São Paulo state | |
| São José do Rio PardoLocation in Brazil | |
| Coordinates: 21°35′44″S 46°53′19″W / 21.59556°S 46.88861°W / -21.59556; -46.88861 | |
| Country | Brazil |
| Region | Southeast |
| State | São Paulo |
| Area | |
| Total | 419 km2 (162 sq mi) |
| Population (2020 ) | |
| Total | 55,124 |
| Density | 130/km2 (340/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC−3 (BRT) |


title: São Manços e São Vicente do Pigeiro

abstract: São Manços e São Vicente do Pigeiro is a civil parish in the municipality of Évora, Portugal. It was formed in 2013 by the merger of the former parishes São Manços and São Vicente do Pigeiro. The population in 2011 was 1,302, in an area of 193.23 km⁲.

text:
# São Manços e São Vicente do Pigeiro

**São Manços e São Vicente do Pigeiro** is a civil parish in the municipality of Évora, Portugal. It was formed in 2013 by the merger of the former parishes São Manços and São Vicente do Pigeiro. The population in 2011 was 1,302, in an area of 193.23 km2.

## Architecture

* Church of São Manços

## InfoBox

| São Manços e São Vicente do Pigeiro | |
| --- | --- |
| Civil parish | |
| São Manços e São Vicente do PigeiroLocation in Portugal | |
| Coordinates: 38°27′N 7°45′W / 38.45°N 7.75°W / 38.45; -7.75 | |
| Country | Portugal |
| Region | Alentejo |
| Intermunic. comm. | Alentejo Central |
| District | Évora |
| Municipality | Évora |
| Area | |
| Total | 193.23 km2 (74.61 sq mi) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 1,302 |
| Density | 6.7/km2 (17/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC±00:00 (WET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+01:00 (WEST) |


title: Tony Southgate

abstract: Tony Southgate is an English engineer and former racing car designer. He designed many successful cars, including Jaguar's Le Mans-winning XJR-9, and cars for almost every type of circuit racing. He was responsible for the chassis design of Ford's RS200 Group B rally car. Southgate was employed as chief designer or technical director for many Formula One teams for over twenty years. These teams included BRM, Shadow and Arrows. Southgate retired after producing the Audi R8C, which was a major influence in the Bentley Speed 8, which won Le Mans in 2003. He continues to be a regular visitor to current and historic race meetings. Southgate is the only chief engineer to have won the Triple Crown of Motorsport with his cars: Indianapolis 500 with Eagle TG2 in 1968, the Monaco Grand Prix with the BRM P160B and the 24 Hours of Le Mans in 1988 and 1990 with Jaguar XJR-9 and Jaguar XJR-12.

text:
# Tony Southgate

**Tony Southgate** (born 25 May 1940, Coventry, England) is an English engineer and former racing car designer. He designed many successful cars, including Jaguar's Le Mans-winning XJR-9, and cars for almost every type of circuit racing. He was responsible for the chassis design of Ford's RS200 Group B rally car. Southgate was employed as chief designer or technical director for many Formula One teams for over twenty years. These teams included BRM, Shadow and Arrows. Southgate retired after producing the Audi R8C, which was a major influence in the Bentley Speed 8, which won Le Mans in 2003. He continues to be a regular visitor to current and historic race meetings.

Southgate is the only chief engineer to have won the Triple Crown of Motorsport with his cars: Indianapolis 500 with Eagle TG2 in 1968, the Monaco Grand Prix with the BRM P160B and the 24 Hours of Le Mans in 1988 and 1990 with Jaguar XJR-9 and Jaguar XJR-12.

## Early career at Lola and Eagle

Tony Southgate became interested in motorsport during his engineering apprenticeship and, like many aspiring racing designers in the late 1950s, was a member of the 750 Motor Club. The 750MC was a training ground for Colin Chapman, Eric Broadley, Brian Hart and others who achieved success in motorsport. In 1962 Broadley gave Southgate his first job, as a draughtsman for Lola Cars. Southgate gained a broad grounding in many areas of motorsport design while at Lola. He was involved in projects as wide-ranging as the lithe, 1.5 litre Lola Mk4A Formula One car and the 5.0 litre Lola T70 sports car. He also assisted with designs for IndyCar chassis, one of which evolved into the Honda RA300 *Hondola* Formula One race-winner.

It was his experience with single-seater and IndyCar designs which prompted Dan Gurney to hire Southgate for his All American Racers team, based in California, to design some of the second generation of *Gurney-Eagle* USAC racers. The highlight of Southgate's time with AAR was when Bobby Unser won the 1968 Indianapolis 500 race in one of Southgate's Eagle cars. The Southgate-designed Eagle Formula 5000 car also found some success.

## Promotion with BRM

In 1969 Tony Southgate moved back to the UK and took a job as Chief Designer for the BRM Formula One team. Southgate's first BRM car, the BRM P153, appeared in time for the first race of the 1970 season in South Africa. BRM enjoyed a renaissance with the P153 and its successor the BRM P160. The P160, in particular, was highly competitive during the 1971 season; drivers Pedro Rodríguez and Jo Siffert often ran near the front of the field, only for poor reliability to let them down before the finish. Continued development work reaped vast improvements. In the latter half of the season Siffert and Peter Gethin (who had replaced Rodríguez following the latter's death) won back-to-back victories in the Austrian and Italian Grands Prix. Gethin's victory at Monza was taken at an average speed of over 150 mph (240 km/h) and stood as the fastest ever Grand Prix win for over 30 years.

Although the BRM team finished second in the Constructors' Championship standings the end of the season, the achievement was marred by Siffert's death in a non-Championship race at Brands Hatch. Unfortunately for BRM and Tony Southgate his 1972 design, the BRM P180, was not as competitive as the previous model. Siffert's replacement Jean-Pierre Beltoise managed to win a rain-hit Monaco Grand Prix in the older P160, and with it take BRM's final Formula One victory. During the 1972 season BRM and Tony Southgate parted company. BRM finished the season in seventh place.

## CanAm and Formula One with Shadow

At the end of 1972 Shadow Racing Cars founder Don Nichols approached Southgate to design a Formula One car for his team to enter in the 1973 World Championship. Shadow had already been involved in the CanAm sportscar series for nearly two years, and with UOP sponsorship Nichols was planning an entrance into Formula One. Southgate designed and built the first Shadow Formula One prototype, the Shadow DN1, in his own garage in Lincolnshire, where he had moved to be closer to the BRM factory in Bourne. However, production was soon shifted to the US, to where Southgate once again relocated.

Drivers George Follmer and Jackie Oliver were immediately competitive in the DN1. In 1974 the Southgate-designed Shadow DN4 earned first and second in the CanAm championship. In the same year Peter Revson died while testing the Shadow DN3 at Kyalami.

Tony Southgate designed the Shadow DN5 for the 1975 Formula One season. The car proved very fast, with Jean-Pierre Jarier and Tom Pryce both winning pole positions during the year, however it had poor reliability, often retiring when in a points scoring position.

## Lotus

At the end of 1975 the withdrawal of Shadow's main sponsor UOP prompted Southgate to move to Lotus, where he worked alongside Peter Wright on the Lotus 77 and Lotus 78 until the middle of 1977.

## Shadow again and Arrows

After Lotus, Southgate returned to Shadow, but left the team again at the end of 1977 together with Franco Ambrosio, Alan Rees, Jackie Oliver and Dave Wass to form Arrows.

Arrows' first car, the FA1, was almost identical to the Shadow DN9, which Southgate had designed while at Shadow. The FA1 was comfortably leading its second race, the South African Grand Prix, at the hands of Riccardo Patrese, when its engine blew, forcing it to retire. The Shadow team successfully sued Arrows for infringement of its copyrights and the Arrows FA1 was declared illegal in a UK court judgement on 31 July. Southgate had anticipated this and had completed an alternative design dubbed Arrows A1 which was swiftly produced without Arrows missing a race.

Southgate also designed the Arrows A2 and A3, before leaving the team to work as a freelance engineering consultant.

## Theodore and Osella

Southgate returned to Formula 1 towards the end of 1980 to design Theodore Racing's TY01 to race in the 1981 season.

When Theodore was merged into Ensign at the end of 1982, Southgate and John Thompson founded a design consultancy named *Auto Racing Technology*, that worked for Ford on two major projects, including development of the Ford RS200.

In 1983 Southgate designed his last Formula 1 car, the Osella FA1E. The design was severely constrained as Osella Squadra Corse did not have sufficient finances to build an entirely new chassis, forcing Southgate to adapt some parts (gearbox and rear suspension) of the Alfa Romeo 182 of previous year to fit an engine from Alfa Romeo.

## Sports cars

After the experience on Can-Am cars with Shadow, Southgate collaborated with Ford in 1982–83. with the goal to improve the C100. Helped by John Thompson, realized the MkII version that raced in last races of 1982, then realized the new Mk III, but in March 1983, Ford cancelled its activity in sports cars, after the first tests made at Paul Ricard Circuit.

After the work on Ford RS200, in 1984 Southgate moved to Tom Walkinshaw Racing, where he headed the design of the Jaguar XJR-9 and XJR-12. These won the World Sportscar Championship three times and the Le Mans 24 hour race twice. The XJR-9 also raced in North America in the IMSA GT Championship. It won on its debut at the 24 Hours of Daytona in 1988, and in the final race of the season at Del Mar.

He remained at TWR until 1990. Southgate subsequently worked on sports cars for Toyota (Toyota TS010 1991–93), Ferrari (Ferrari 333 SP 1993–95), Lister, Nissan (Nissan R390 GT1 1996–97) and Audi (Audi R8R and R8C).


title: Weddell Power Station

abstract: Weddell Power Station is a 129 MW natural gas-fired power station in the Northern Territory, located at Wickham. Owned and operated by Territory Generation, it is the second largest power station in the Northern Territory and supplies the Darwin-Katherine Interconnected System.

text:
# Weddell Power Station

**Weddell Power Station** is a 129 MW natural gas-fired power station in the Northern Territory, located at Wickham. Owned and operated by Territory Generation, it is the second largest power station in the Northern Territory and supplies the Darwin-Katherine Interconnected System.

## History

Construction began in 2007 and the station was commissioned by PowerWater in 2008, initially with two General Electric LM6000PD gas turbines, brought online in 2008 and 2009 respectively, providing an installed capacity of 86 MW. At the time of commissioning, these generators were the largest single units in the Darwin-Katherine power network, with each delivering approximately 10% of the total capacity. The facility is connected to the privately operated 11.6 km (7.2 mi) Wickham Point Pipeline, completed in July 2009. This allows the generators to be fed by both offshore projects via the Darwin Liquefied Natural Gas Plant, or through the existing pipeline linking Darwin with the Amadeus Basin gas fields.

A third General Electric unit was planned to be commissioned in 2011, however it was not until 2014 that it was installed and became operational, boosting the power station's capacity to 129 MW. The total cost of construction of all three units was $126.6 million. As part of this upgrade, the power station's control systems were upgraded and integrated with the systems at Channel Island Power Station, allowing the facility to be operated remotely.

## InfoBox

| Weddell Power Station | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Country | Australia |
| Location | Wickham, Northern Territory |
| Coordinates | 12°34′38″S 130°57′00″E / 12.57722222°S 130.95000000°E / -12.57722222; 130.95000000 |
| Status | Operational |
| Commission date | 2008 |
| Owners | Territory Generation |
| Operators | Territory Generation |
| Thermal power station | |
| Primary fuel | Natural gas |
| Power generation | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Make and model | 3x GE LM6000 PD |
| Nameplate capacity | 129 MW |
| External links | |
| Website | territorygeneration.com.au/about-us/our-power-stations/ |
| \[edit on Wikidata\] | |


title: Wireless Set No. 38

abstract: The Wireless Set No. 38 was a High frequency (HF) portable man-pack radio transceiver used by the British Army during World War II. Designed by Murphy Radio, it was a five-valve set covering 7.4 to 9 MHz and powered by a large dry cell battery carried in a separate haversack. An armoured fighting vehicle variant was also developed for use alongside the Wireless Set No. 19 in armoured vehicles to allow direct communication between tank commanders and infantry. In 1945, a Mk. III version was produced housed in a sealed diecast metal enclosure.

text:
# Wireless Set No. 38

The **Wireless Set No. 38** was a High frequency (HF) portable man-pack radio transceiver used by the British Army during World War II. Designed by Murphy Radio, it was a five-valve set covering 7.4 to 9 MHz and powered by a large dry cell battery carried in a separate haversack. An armoured fighting vehicle variant was also developed for use alongside the Wireless Set No. 19 in armoured vehicles to allow direct communication between tank commanders and infantry. In 1945, a Mk. III version was produced housed in a sealed diecast metal enclosure.


title: Vera Cruz do Oeste

abstract: Vera Cruz do Oeste is a municipality in the state of Paraná in the Southern Region of Brazil.

text:
# Vera Cruz do Oeste

**Vera Cruz do Oeste** is a municipality in the state of Paraná in the Southern Region of Brazil.

25°03′28″S 53°52′37″W / 25.0578°S 53.8769°W / -25.0578; -53.8769

## InfoBox

| Vera Cruz do Oeste | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
|  | |
| Country | Brazil |
| Region | Southern |
| State | Paraná |
| Mesoregion | Oeste Paranaense |
| Population (2020 ) | |
| Total | 8,454 |
| Time zone | UTC−3 (BRT) |


title: Mindoro–Batangas Super Bridge

abstract: The Mindoro–Batangas Super Bridge is a proposed 14 km (8.7 mi) pontoon bridge which is planned to connect the Philippine province of Batangas and Mindoro island.

text:
# Mindoro–Batangas Super Bridge

The **Mindoro–Batangas Super Bridge** is a proposed 14 km (8.7 mi) pontoon bridge which is planned to connect the Philippine province of Batangas and Mindoro island.

## History

Proposals to construct a bridge to connect Batangas and Mindoro island has been made as early as 2011. The bridge is meant to facilitate easier transport of agricultural goods from Mindoro island to Metro Manila which are usually exported from the island using inter-island vessels. In early 2011, Oriental Mindoro Governor Alfonso Umali Jr. has coordinated with President Benigno Aquino III regarding the conducting a study to construct a bridge in the area. Aquino has delegated Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) secretary, Rogelio Singson to start conducting a feasibility study on the bridge within 2011. On December 22, 2011, Umali met with principal Chinese investors in Calapan regarding plans to construct such a bridge. Chinese engineers also conducted a site survey in the area. The bridge is planned to span across the Isla Verde Passage and will cross Verde Island.

The DPWH announced in January 2012 that construction of the bridge will commence in February 2012, Although construction of the bridge did not commence as announced.

### 2015 developments

San Miguel Corporation first expressed interest to construct the bridge in 2013. In early 2015, a group of Malaysian investors led by Mohammed Jamil expressed interest in the project and is eyeing to import rice from Oriental Mindoro. A floating bridge or pontoon bridge design was adopted to avoid damaging the seabed of the Isla Verde Passage which is considered a "center of biodiversity".

San Miguel Corporation presented a plan for the bridge was presented to Governor Vilma Santos of Batangas and Governor Alfonso Umali Jr. of Oriental Mindoro. The cost of the construction of the 14-kilometer-long (8.7 mi) bridge is ₱18 billion and will take five years to build.

The bridge is planned to span the Isla Verde Passage. The bridge compose of two components. The first will span 6.4 kilometers (4.0 mi) from Barangay Ilijan in Batangas City to Verde Island. The second component spanning 4.4 kilometers (2.7 mi) will continue from Verde Island to Barangay Sinandigan in Puerto Galera, Oriental Mindoro.

The Batangas-Mindoro bridge is touted to be the first floating bridge in Asia with high ship passage on its pontoons. The bridge will have pedestrian and bicycle lanes. The bridge will be also designed to withstand typhoons with winds up to 350 km/h (220 mph).

## InfoBox

| Mindoro–Batangas Super Bridge | |
| --- | --- |
| Coordinates | 13°34′15″N 121°02′32″E / 13.5709078°N 121.0422134°E / 13.5709078; 121.0422134 |
| Crosses | Isla Verde Passage |
| Official name | Mindoro–Batangas Super Bridge |
| Characteristics | |
| Design | pontoon bridge |
| Total length | 14 km (8.7 mi) |
| History | |
| Construction cost | ₱18 billion (2015 estimate) |
| Location | |
|  | |


title: Salim Ismail

abstract: Salim Ismail is an Indo-Canadian serial entrepreneur, angel investor, author, speaker, and technology strategist. He is the Founding Executive Director of Singularity University and lead author of Exponential Organizations. In March 2017 he was named to the board of the XPRIZE Foundation. He is a serial entrepreneur having co-founded a number of tech companies and led Brickhouse, Yahoo!'s internal incubator for new products. He is the lead author of international bestseller Exponential Organizations, and the founder of ExO Works and OpenExO, where he serves as Chairman. He is the Chairman of Genius Group.

text:
# Salim Ismail

**Salim Ismail** (born May 17, 1965 in Hyderabad, India) is an Indo-Canadian serial entrepreneur, angel investor, author, speaker, and technology strategist. He is the Founding Executive Director of Singularity University and lead author of *Exponential Organizations*. In March 2017 he was named to the board of the XPRIZE Foundation.

He is a serial entrepreneur having co-founded a number of tech companies (Confabb, PubSub Concepts and Ångströ, acquired by Google in 2010) and led Brickhouse, Yahoo!'s internal incubator for new products.

He is the lead author of international bestseller *Exponential Organizations*, and the founder of ExO Works and OpenExO, where he serves as Chairman. He is the Chairman of Genius Group.

## Early life

Ismail was born in Hyderabad, India, spent early childhood in Mumbai, and at 10, moved to Toronto, Ontario, Canada. He traveled extensively as part of the school's co-op program, working with companies such as IBM UK, Control Data and Northern Telecom.

## Career

After graduating from university, Ismail worked as a software architect for CSC Europe and later as a business consultant at ITIM Associates in London. In 1999, he became the COO of New York Business Forums in New York City.

### Startup Ventures

In 2001, Ismail founded the New York Grant Company \[NYGC\] in direct response to 9/11, where he served as its Chairman/CEO until 2005. In its first year, NYGC attracted over 400 clients and delivered over $12 million of federal grants to the local economy.

In 2002, Ismail co-founded PubSub Concepts, which laid some of the foundation for the real-time web. The company had an ugly ending that was discussed at various PR crisis management conferences.

In 2006, he co-founded Confabb.com with four others to create a centralized place to get information about conferences. The company received $200k in angel funding from early investors including Dave Winer.

### Yahoo

In early 2007, Yahoo appointed Ismail as Vice President and Head of Brickhouse, Yahoo's internal incubator. The objective of Brickhouse was to form teams to work on disruptive ideas. During his tenure with Yahoo!, Ismail worked on several products and launched new products for them including WildFire, Yahoo Pipes and Fire Eagle as well as created a relationship between Yahoo! and NASA to explore various collaborative projects.

### Ångströ

Ismail was one of the executives that left Yahoo! in the wake of the failed Microsoft bid in 2008 and with his friend, Rohit Khare he cofounded Ångströ, a company that used social networks to find news about their clients, colleagues and friends. The service notified users in real time and attracted the attention of Google, which ended up acquiring it in 2010.

### Singularity University

In September, 2008, NASA invited Ismail to the founding conference of Singularity University, held at NASA's Ames Research Center. In October of that year, Ismail was appointed as its founding Executive Director.

Singularity University's goal is to “educate, inspire and empower a new generation of leaders to apply exponential technologies to address humanity’s grand challenges.” Singularity University – whose founders hail from Google and the XPRIZE Foundation – has brought together people from more than 85 countries to apply disruptive technologies – biotechnology, artificial intelligence, and neuroscience – to more than 100 startups. For two years, Ismail worked with Peter Diamandis and Ray Kurzweil, along with key partners NASA, Google, Cisco, Autodesk and Genentech to build out the university, assembling its core team and faculty, establishing the curriculum and leading the first programs. In late 2010, Ismail took on the role of Singularity University's Global Ambassador.

### ExO Works

Ismail founded ExO Works in 2016 to lead innovation practices and introduce organizations to "exponential thinking." The ExO Movement now includes a platform and consulting teams, educational programs, books and tools to build exponential organizations.

### OpenExO

In 2017, Ismail co-founded ExO Lever, later renamed OpenExO, where he acts as Chairman. The company's mission is to help organizations, institutions and people transform for the future by implementing and evolving the exponential thinking and practices. It hosts the world's leading ExO transformation ecosystem, with more than 5,000 experts. OpenExO merged with Genius Group in 2024.

### Rokk3r Fuel ExO

Rokk3r Fuel was launched as a venture capital firm in March 2017 with the goal of investing in exponential technologies at a global level, working with founders through a tested co-building strategy. On September 20, 2017, Salim Ismail joined the firm as a General Partner. With the addition to Mr. Ismail as General Partner, Rokk3r Fuel also announced that it is naming its flagship fund Rokk3r Fuel ExO, which has $150 million to fund startups using the ExO Methodology. The ExO Methodology uses specific parameters to score an entity based on its use of assets like community, big data, algorithms, and new technology into achieving performance benchmarks ten times better than its peers.

## Public speaking

Ismail speaks at conferences and industry events on the topics of disruptive convergence, exponential organizations, future of entrepreneurship, future of democracy and future of education, such as TED conferences, the Noco Foundation and Ciudad de las Ideas in 2012.

In 2012, he participated in the debate at the Oxford Union as part of Saïd Business School's *Silicon Valley Comes to Oxford 12* programme.

As of 2012 he holds the position of Global Ambassador for Singularity University, representing it at various conferences and industry events.

## Book

In 2011, Ismail started writing *Exponential Organizations* with co-authors Mike Malone and Yuri van Geest. The book was released by Diversion Books, a division of Diversion Publishing Corp., on October 14, 2014 and reached No. 1 on Amazon's “Best-Sellers in Business Management,” and was named Frost & Sullivan's “Growth, Innovation and Leadership Book of the Year.” It has been translated into more than 15 languages.

The book aims to provide readings with information on “why new organizations are ten times better, faster and cheaper than yours (and what to do about it)” and comes down to a simple philosophy: in business, performance is key and when it comes to performance how you organize your efforts is the key to growth.

## Awards and honors

From 2012 to 2014, Ismail was a judge for The Economist Magazine's Annual Innovation Awards.

In March 2017, he was elected to the board of XPRIZE.

## Philanthropy

After 9/11, Ismail founded New York Grant Company \[NYGC\], an organization formed to help deliver grants to affected businesses in Lower Manhattan. NYGC helped deliver over 25% ($12 million) of all grants given out in the area.\[10\]

In 2016, he created the Fastrack Institute, a non profit organization that accelerates technology into society by finding holistic approaches to solving problems, with a focus on large urban centres. It is also a conceptual framework for the design of future governance approaches and regulatory frameworks for industries, cities and regions seeking solutions to critical problems.

## InfoBox

| Salim Ismail | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1965-05-17) May 17, 1965
Hyderabad, India |
| Alma mater | University of Waterloo |
| Occupation(s) | Global Ambassador for Singularity University, co-founder of Confabb, PubSub Concepts and Angstro |
| Years active | 1989–present |
| Website | Salimismail.com |


title: Toronto Tabla Ensemble

abstract: The Toronto Tabla Ensemble (TTE) is a non-profit charitable organization founded by Artistic Director and tabla master Ritesh Das. The performing ensemble has toured Canada coast-to-coast six times, toured Australia in 2006, and India in 2011. Since 1996 the TTE has produced numerous music videos and seven albums, including Firedance, which received a nomination for the Juno Award for Best Global Album. Their original music has been used in numerous films and commercials, and in 2003 the Ensemble was commissioned to create the theme music for CBC Radio’s daily morning show, Metro Morning.

text:
# Toronto Tabla Ensemble

The **Toronto Tabla Ensemble** (TTE) is a non-profit charitable organization founded by Artistic Director and tabla master Ritesh Das. The performing ensemble has toured Canada coast-to-coast six times, toured Australia in 2006, and India in 2011.

Since 1996 the TTE has produced numerous music videos and seven albums, including *Firedance*, which received a nomination for the Juno Award for Best Global Album. Their original music has been used in numerous films and commercials, and in 2003 the Ensemble was commissioned to create the theme music for CBC Radio’s daily morning show, *Metro Morning*.

## History

Ritesh Das founded the Toronto Tabla Ensemble in 1991 when he first presented a group of his students at the Harbourfront Centre in Toronto. From then on his mission was to collaborate with other artists and cultures. One of his first collaborations was with Japanese Taiko drummer Kiyoshi Nagata who later went on to form Nagata Shachu. Other collaborator include: kathak dancers Pandit Chitesh Das, multi-instrumentalist George Koller, composer Donald Quan, flamenco artist Esmeralda Enrique and in 2006 the TTE paired up with Canadian musician Jeff Martin from The Tea Party and toured Canada and Australia.

Their latest collaboration featured bagpiper Craig Downie from Enter the Haggis and created a music video 'Unexpected Guests' featuring over 50 artists which was completed a few weeks before the pandemic outbreak in March 2020.

## 25 years

In 2016 the Toronto Tabla Ensemble celebrated its 25th anniversary with a pair of concerts at the Harbourfront Centre in Toronto. This was the official debut of the Toronto Tabla Youth Ensemble and featured brand new music composed by Artistic Director Ritesh Das. In addition to the tabla, students played South Indian mridangam, ghatam, and keyboard, and also launched the JAMKat. For this event, the Prime Minister of Canada, Justin Trudeau, wrote a congratulatory letter which was presented by the Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship, Arif Virani, during the concert. The concert was supported in part by Ontario Arts Council.

## Indian Diaspora Festival

In 2014 the Toronto Tabla Ensemble launched an innovative festival called the Indian Diaspora Festival. The sold out festival launch featured performances of Indian dance and music performed by local and international artists. The tabla player was a student of Ritesh Das trained in Toronto while the kathak dancer was a student of Das' late brother Pandit Chitresh Das from California.

## Discography

* *Toronto Tabla Ensemble* (1996)
* *Second Palla* (1998)
* *Firedance* (2000)
* *Weaving* (2002)
* *Compilations* (2007)
* *Alankar* (2008)
* *Bhumika* (2018)
* *Unexpected Guests* (2020)

## Awards and nominations

* 2021 Global Music Award: Composing and Sound Editing/Mixing for 'Unexpected Guests'
* 2020 Canadian Ethnic Media Awards: for 'Unexpected Guests'
* 2020 Canadian Folk Music Awards: Nominated Best World and Best Instrumental Group for 'Bhumika'
* 2019 Independent Music Award: Best World Traditional for 'Faceoff'
* 2019 Independent Music Award: Nomination Best Music Video for 'Faceoff'
* 2019 Toronto Short Film Festival: Best Music Video for 'Faceoff'
* 2019 Delhi Shorts International Film Festival: Best Music Video for 'Faceoff'
* 2018 Global Music Award: Composing/Composition for 'Bhumika'
* 2018 Grant's Desi Achievers Award: Composer Ritesh Das
* 2018 Toronto Arts Foundation 'Celebration of Cultural Life' Nominee: Ritesh Das
* 2016 Toronto Arts Foundation 'Roy Thomson Hall Award' Recipient: Ritesh Das
* 2000 JUNO Awards: Nominees for 'Firedance'

## InfoBox

| Toronto Tabla Ensemble | |
| --- | --- |
| The Toronto Tabla Ensemble in concert | |
| Background information | |
| Origin | Toronto, Ontario, Canada |
| Genres | North Indian Classical, World |
| Years active | 1991–present |
| Labels | Independent |
|  | |
| Members | Ritesh Das
Razak Pirani
Shamir Panchal
Nivethan Velauthapillai
Alysha Addetia |
|  | |
| Website | www.torontotabla.com |


title: Poison Ivy (musician)

abstract: Kristy Marlana Wallace, known as Poison Ivy or Poison Ivy Rorschach, is an American guitarist, songwriter, arranger, producer, and occasional vocalist who co-founded the rock band The Cramps.

text:
# Poison Ivy (musician)

**Kristy Marlana Wallace** (born February 20, 1953), known as **Poison Ivy** or **Poison Ivy Rorschach**, is an American guitarist, songwriter, arranger, producer, and occasional vocalist who co-founded the rock band The Cramps.

## Early life

Ivy was born as Kristy Wallace in San Bernardino, California, and raised near Sacramento. In 1972, while attending Sacramento State College, Wallace met future Cramps singer Lux Interior.

## Career

In 1974, they moved first to Interior's hometown of Akron, Ohio, and then to New York City. In 1976, as part of the emerging punk rock scene, they began performing as the Cramps. They quickly gained a reputation for their unusual, rockabilly-inspired music and wild live performances. The Cramps, with Ivy, Lux, and various other guitarists, drummers, and bassists, continued to release records and perform live until the fall of 2006, enjoying some commercial success (mainly in Europe) and acquiring a strong cult following worldwide.

Throughout The Cramps' career Ivy co-wrote all of the group's original songs with Lux Interior, and provided the arrangements for songs they covered. She produced or co-produced several of their albums and singles, sang on the songs "Kizmiaz" and "Get Off the Road," and played theremin on later records.

Songs written by Ivy and Interior and performed by other artists include "Human Fly" (Sinful Lilly, Crestfallen, The Dead Brothers, Nouvelle Vague, Supernaut, Hanni El Khatib, Los Esquizitos \[a Mexican garage band\] covered Human Fly as El Moscardón); "New Kind of Kick" (The Jesus and Mary Chain, The Drones, Muse, Tinfed); and "Thee Most Exalted Potentate of Love" (Queens of the Stone Age).

## Guitars

Early on, Ivy used a clear plexiglass Dan Armstrong guitar, then the unusual Canadian-made Bill Lewis guitar heard on the first few Cramps recordings. From 1985 forward, she mostly used a 1958 Gretsch 6120 hollow-body. She used Fender Pro Reverb amplifiers onstage, and smaller Valco and Allen amps in the studio.

## Personal life

Ivy and Lux were married for 37 years, until his death on February 4, 2009. She lives in Glendale, California.

## InfoBox

| Poison Ivy | |
| --- | --- |
| Poison Ivy performing in 2005 | |
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Kristy Marlana Wallace |
| Also known as | Poison Ivy, Poison Ivy Rorschach |
| Born | (1953-02-20) February 20, 1953<br>San Bernardino, California, U.S. |
| Genres |  |
| Instrument(s) | Guitar, bass, theremin, vocals |
| Years active | 1976–2009 |
|  | |
| Website | thecramps.com |


title: Zeidan Cabinet

abstract:
The cabinet was selected by Prime Minister Ali Zeidan on 30 October 2012 and was approved by the General National Congress on 31 October 2012 together with approving Zidan as Libya's first post-war Prime Minister. The cabinet is composed of the following ministers: Two women were selected to cabinet, and select ministries went to political independents who were not associated with any party. The Zeidan government was officially inaugurated on 14 November 2012. The Ministers in charge of electricity [Ali Mohammed Mihirig], higher education [Abdulasalm Bashir Duabi] and relations with congress [Muaz Fathi Al-Kujah] have also been rejected by the integrity commission. The nominee for the minister of higher education was ruled unfit to hold public office. Ashour Shuail was cleared by an appeals court and took office on 11 December 2012. Ali Mohammed Mihirig was also cleared by an appeals court. Four other nominees fates were not decided on by the integrity commission as of 14 November 2012. They were Ali Al-Aujali, Kamla Khamis Al-Mazini, Ahmed Ayad Ali Al-Urfi (Agriculture) and Abdulsalam Mohammed Abusaad. Sami Al-Saadi, who was nominated for the Minister of the Martyrs, resigned on 7 November 2012 Nominees for Foreign Affairs Minister Ali Al-Aujali, Social Affairs Minister Kamla Khamis Al-Mazini and Agriculture Minister Ahmed Ayad Ali Al-Urfi were cleared by the integrity commission.
Nominee for Religious Affairs Minister Abdusalam Mohammed Abusaad was still being investigated. Ali Al-Aujali resigned from the cabinet on 31 December 2012.

text:
# Zeidan Cabinet

The cabinet was selected by Prime Minister Ali Zeidan on 30 October 2012 and was approved by the General National Congress on 31 October 2012 together with approving Zidan as Libya's first post-war Prime Minister. The cabinet is composed of the following ministers: Two women were selected to cabinet, and select ministries (Defence, Foreign Affairs, Finance, Interior and Justice) went to political independents who were not associated with any party.

The Zeidan government was officially inaugurated on 14 November 2012.

The Ministers in charge of electricity \[Ali Mohammed Mihirig\], higher education \[Abdulasalm Bashir Duabi\] and relations with congress \[Muaz Fathi Al-Kujah\] have also been rejected by the integrity commission. The nominee for the minister of higher education (Abdulasalm Bashir Duabi) was ruled unfit to hold public office. Ashour Shuail was cleared by an appeals court and took office on 11 December 2012. Ali Mohammed Mihirig was also cleared by an appeals court.

Four other nominees fates were not decided on by the integrity commission as of 14 November 2012. They were Ali Al-Aujali (Foreign Affairs), Kamla Khamis Al-Mazini (Social Affairs), Ahmed Ayad Ali Al-Urfi (Agriculture) and Abdulsalam Mohammed Abusaad (Religious Affairs and Awqaf). Sami Al-Saadi, who was nominated for the Minister of the Martyrs, resigned on 7 November 2012

Nominees for Foreign Affairs Minister Ali Al-Aujali, Social Affairs Minister Kamla Khamis Al-Mazini and Agriculture Minister Ahmed Ayad Ali Al-Urfi were cleared by the integrity commission. Nominee for Religious Affairs Minister Abdusalam Mohammed Abusaad was still being investigated. Ali Al-Aujali resigned from the cabinet on 31 December 2012.

| Incumbent | Office | Website | Since |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Ali Zeidan | Prime Minister of Libya | www.pm.gov.ly | 14 November 2012 |
| Sadiq Abdulkarim Abdulrahman | First Deputy Prime Minister |  |  |
| Awad al-Baraasi | Second Deputy Prime Minister |  |  |
| Abdussalam Al Qadi | Third Deputy Prime Minister |  |  |
| Abdulsalam Mohammed Abusaad | Minister of Religious Affairs | awqaf.gov.ly |  |
| Mohamed Imhamid Abdulaziz | Minister for International Cooperation |  |  |
| Ikram Abdulsalam Imam | Minister of Tourism | www.tourism.gov.ly |  |
| Abubaker Al-Hadi Mohammed | Minister of Local Government | www.lgm.gov.ly |  |
| Salah Bashir Marghani | Minister of Justice | www.aladel.gov.ly | 14 November 2012 |
| Usama Siala | Minister of Communications and Information Technology | www.cim.gov.ly |  |
| Mohamed Fitouri Sualim | Minister of Labor and Retraining | www.labour.gov.ly |  |
| Alhadi Suleiman Hinshir | Minister of Water Resources |  |  |
| Muaz Fathi Al-Kujah | Minister of State GNC affairs |  |  |
| Ramadan Ali Mansour Zarmuh | Minister of State the Injured |  |  |
| Nurideen Abdulhamid Dagman | Minister of Health | www.health.gov.ly |  |
| Ashour Suleiman Shuwail
(December 2012May 2013)
Mohammed Khalifa Al Sheikh
(26 May 2013  new government) | Minister of Interior | www.moi.gov.ly Archived 2014-05-20 at the Wayback Machine |  |
| Mustafa Mohammed Abufunas, vacated January 2014 | Minister of Economy | www.ect.gov.ly |  |
| Mohammed Hassan Abubaker | Minister of Education | www.edu.gov.ly Archived 2014-05-19 at the Wayback Machine |  |
| Mohamed Abdelaziz | Minister of Foreign Affairs | www.foreign.gov.ly |  |
| Mohammed Mahmoud Al Barghathi
(12 November 201227 June 2013)
Abdullah al-Thanay (5 August 2013 - 8 April 2014) | Minister of Defense | www.defense.gov.ly Archived 2015-08-11 at the Wayback Machine |  |
| Haithem Saed Jalgham | Minister of Planning | www.planning.gov.ly |  |
| Kamila Khamis Al-Mazini | Minister of Social Affairs | www.socialaffairs.gov.ly |  |
| Abdulbari Al Arusi vacated January 2014 | Minister of Oil |  |  |
| Haithem Saed Jalgham | Minister of Finance | www.mof.gov.ly |  |
| Ahmed Ali Al-Urfi | Minister of Agriculture | www.agriculture.gov.ly |  |
| Suleiman Ali Al-Taif Al-Fituri | Minister of Industry | www.industry.gov.ly Archived 2006-08-13 at the Wayback Machine |  |
| Abdulasalm Bashir Duabi | Minister of Scientific Research and Higher Education | www.highereducation.gov.ly Archived 2017-09-22 at the Wayback Machine |  |
| Habib Mohammed Al-Amin | Minister of Culture | www.culture.ly |  |
| Ali Mohammed Mihirig, vacated January 2014 | Minister of Electricity | www.merel.gov.ly Archived 2014-05-19 at the Wayback Machine |  |
| Ali Gadour | Minister of the Martyrs |  |  |
| Ali Hussein Al-Sharif, vacated January 2014 | Minister of Housing | www.mhu.gov.ly |  |
| Mohamed Al-Ayib | Minister of Transportation | www.ctt.gov.ly |  |
| Mohammed bin Saud | Minister of media | www.media.gov.ly |  |
| Abdulsalam Abdullah Guaila, vacated January 2014 | Minister of Sports and Youth | www.youthandsports.gov.ly Archived 2014-05-22 at the Wayback Machine |  |
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