abstract: The player listings are published the Veracruz 2014 website. Although the competition is considered to be an under-21 age group competition, up to three players born before 1 January 1993 may be named in the squad. Players marked in boldface have been capped at full international level.

text:
# Football at the 2014 Central American and Caribbean Games – Men's team squads

The player listings are published the Veracruz 2014 website.

Although the competition is considered to be an under-21 age group competition, up to three players born before 1 January 1993 may be named in the squad.

Players marked in **boldface** have been capped at full international level.

## Group A

### Mexico

Head Coach:  Raúl Gutiérrez

| No. | Pos. | Player | Date of birth (age) | Club |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 1GK | **Gibrán Lajud** | (1993-12-25) 25 December 1993 | Tijuana |
| 2 | 2DF | Gil Burón | (1994-06-11) 11 June 1994 | América |
| 3 | 2DF | **Hedgardo Marín** | (1993-02-21) 21 February 1993 | Guadalajara |
| 4 | 2DF | **Carlos Salcedo** | (1993-09-29) 29 September 1993 | Real Salt Lake |
| 5 | 2DF | Bernardo Hernández de León | (1993-06-10) 10 June 1993 | Monterrey |
| 6 | 3MF | Pedro Hernández | (1993-08-27) 27 August 1993 | Sinaloa |
| 7 | 3MF | Alfonso Tamay | (1993-05-13) 13 May 1993 | Puebla |
| 8 | 3MF | Uvaldo Luna | (1993-12-21) 21 December 1993 | UANL |
| 9 | 4FW | **Erick Torres** | (1993-01-19) 19 January 1993 | Chivas USA |
| 10 | 4FW | Martín Zúñiga | (1993-04-14) 14 April 1993 | América |
| 11 | 3MF | Armando Zamorano | (1993-10-03) 3 October 1993 | Morelia |
| 12 | 1GK | Luis Cárdenas | (1993-09-15) 15 September 1993 | Monterrey |
| 13 | 2DF | Carlos Guzmán | (1994-05-19) 19 May 1994 | Morelia |
| 14 | 2DF | Antonio Briseño | (1994-02-02) 2 February 1994 | UANL |
| 15 | 2DF | Jorge Caballero | (1994-01-25) 25 January 1994 | Monterrey |
| 16 | 3MF | Jonathan Espericueta | (1994-08-09) 9 August 1994 | Villarreal B |
| 17 | 3MF | Daniel Hernández | (1994-02-16) 16 February 1994 | Atlas |
| 18 | 3MF | **Raúl López** | (1993-02-23) 23 February 1993 | Tepic |
| 19 | 4FW | **Ángel Zaldívar** | (1993-06-21) 21 June 1993 | Guadalajara |
| 20 | 4FW | **Marco Bueno** | (1994-03-31) 31 March 1994 | Toluca |

### Honduras

Head Coach:  Jorge Jiménez

| No. | Pos. | Player | Date of birth (age) | Club |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 1GK | Cristian Hernández | (1996-09-22)22 September 1996 (aged 18) |  |
| 2 | 2DF | **Kevin Álvarez** | (1996-08-03)3 August 1996 (aged 18) |  |
| 3 | 2DF | Rodolfo Espinal |  |  |
| 4 | 2DF | Luis Santos | (1996-03-05)5 March 1996 (aged 18) |  |
| 5 | 2DF | Lesvin Medina |  |  |
| 6 | 3MF | **Wilmer Fuentes** | (1992-04-21)21 April 1992 (aged 22) |  |
| 7 | 4FW | **Michaell Chirinos** | (1995-06-17)17 June 1995 (aged 19) |  |
| 8 | 3MF | Rolin Álvarez | (1995-06-14)14 June 1995 (aged 19) |  |
| 9 | 4FW | **Bryan Róchez** | (1995-01-01)1 January 1995 (aged 19) |  |
| 10 | 3MF | José Escalante | (1995-05-29)29 May 1995 (aged 19) |  |
| 11 | 4FW | **Alberth Elis** | (1996-02-12)12 February 1996 (aged 18) |  |
| 12 | 1GK | Roberto López | (1995-04-23)23 April 1995 (aged 19) |  |
| 13 | 3MF | **Jhow Benavídez** | (1995-12-26)26 December 1995 (aged 18) |  |
| 14 | 4FW | **Christian Martínez** | (1990-09-08)8 September 1990 (aged 24) |  |
| 15 | 2DF | **Maylor Núñez** | (1996-07-05)5 July 1996 (aged 18) |  |
| 16 | 2DF | Devron García | (1996-02-17)17 February 1996 (aged 18) |  |
| 17 | 4FW | **Eddie Hernández** | (1991-02-27)27 February 1991 (aged 23) |  |
| 18 | 3MF | **Kevin López** | (1996-02-03)3 February 1996 (aged 18) |  |
| 19 | 4FW | **Júnior Lacayo** | (1995-08-19)19 August 1995 (aged 19) | Santos Laguna |
| 20 | 3MF | Deybi Flores | (1996-06-16)16 June 1996 (aged 18) |  |

### Jamaica

Head coach: Theodore Whitmore

| No. | Pos. | Player | Date of birth (age) | Club |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | **Cardel Benbow** | (1995-03-06)6 March 1995 (aged 19) |  |
|  |  | Rennico Clarke | (1995-08-26)26 August 1995 (aged 19) |  |
|  |  | Derron Duncan | (1989-04-30)30 April 1989 (aged 25) |  |
|  |  | Hugh Evans | (1994-03-10)10 March 1994 (aged 20) |  |
|  |  | Anthony Greenland | (1995-06-23)23 June 1995 (aged 19) |  |
|  |  | **Vishinul Harris** | (1993-07-08)8 July 1993 (aged 21) |  |
|  |  | Oshane Jenkins | (1994-02-28)28 February 1994 (aged 20) |  |
|  |  | Keneil Kirlew | (1993-02-08)8 February 1993 (aged 21) |  |
|  |  | **Shawn Lawes** | (1993-03-07)7 March 1993 (aged 21) |  |
|  |  | Kereen Manning | (1993-06-11)11 June 1993 (aged 21) |  |
|  |  | **Chevone Marsh** | (1994-02-05)5 February 1994 (aged 20) |  |
|  |  | Fabian Mccarthy | (1990-08-01)1 August 1990 (aged 24) |  |
|  |  | Sean Mcfarlane | (1993-04-04)4 April 1993 (aged 21) |  |
|  |  | David Mitchell | (1993-09-02)2 September 1993 (aged 21) |  |
|  |  | Cleon Pryce | (1994-04-01)1 April 1994 (aged 20) |  |
|  |  | Khandean Smith | (1993-05-11)11 May 1993 (aged 21) |  |
|  |  | Kyle Smith | (1995-05-26)26 May 1995 (aged 19) |  |
|  |  | Javaun Waugh | (1995-11-06)6 November 1995 (aged 19) |  |
|  |  | Paul Wilson | (1993-07-06)6 July 1993 (aged 21) |  |
|  |  | Jermaine Wozencraft | (1992-08-09)9 August 1992 (aged 22) |  |

### El Salvador

Head Coach:  Mauricio Alfaro

| No. | Pos. | Player | Date of birth (age) | Club |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 1GK | Rolando Morales | (1994-03-01)1 March 1994 (aged 20) | Alianza |
| 2 | 2DF | Oliver Ayala | (1994-01-04)4 January 1994 (aged 20) | Alianza |
| 3 | 2DF | **Roberto Domínguez** | (1993-01-13)13 January 1993 (aged 21) |  |
| 4 | 2DF | **Bryan Tamacas** | (1994-02-21)21 February 1994 (aged 20) | FAS |
| 5 | 3MF | Bryan Landaverde | (1995-05-27)27 May 1995 (aged 19) | UES |
| 6 | 3MF | **Narciso Orellana** |  | Isidro Metapan |
| 7 | 4FW | **Jairo Henríquez** | (1993-08-31)31 August 1993 (aged 21) | Tlaxcala |
| 8 | 3MF | Álvaro Lizama |  | Aguila |
| 9 | 4FW | **Rafael Burgos** | (1988-06-03)3 June 1988 (aged 26) | Minnesota United |
| 10 | 3MF | Diego Galdamez | (1994-08-26)26 August 1994 (aged 20) | Aguila |
| 11 | 4FW | Bryan Pérez |  | Luis Angel Firpo |
| 12 | 2DF | Marvin Baumgartner | (1993-01-13)13 January 1993 (aged 21) | Wettswil-Bonstetten |
| 13 | 2DF | Miguel Lemus | (1993-10-26)26 October 1993 (aged 21) | FAS |
| 14 | 3MF | **Santos Ortiz** | (1990-01-22)22 January 1990 (aged 24) | Dragón |
| 15 | 3MF | René Gómez | (1993-01-08)8 January 1993 (aged 21) | Aguila |
| 16 | 4FW | Kevin Sagastizado |  | Pasaquina |
| 17 | 2DF | Kevin Mendoza |  | Alianza |
| 18 | 1GK | Carlos Cañas |  |  |
| 19 | 4FW | **José Ángel Peña** | (1994-12-10)10 December 1994 (aged 19) | UANL |
| 20 | 2DF | **Juan Barahona** | (1996-02-12)12 February 1996 (aged 18) | Santa Tecla |

## Group B

### Costa Rica

Head Coach:  Paulo Wanchope

| No. | Pos. | Player | Date of birth (age) | Club |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 1GK | Jairo Monge | (1994-01-28)28 January 1994 (aged 20) | Limón |
| 18 | 1GK | Jorge Jara | (1996-01-05)5 January 1996 (aged 18) | Saprissa |
| 4 | 2DF | Erick Cabalceta | (1993-01-09)9 January 1993 (aged 21) | Cartaginés |
| 2 | 2DF | José Sosa | (1994-10-04)4 October 1994 (aged 20) | Uruguay |
| 5 | 2DF | William Fernández | (1994-05-15)15 May 1994 (aged 20) | Cartaginés |
| 14 | 2DF | Bryan Espinoza | (1994-03-26)26 March 1994 (aged 20) | Jacó Rays |
| 12 | 2DF | Steve Garita | (1993-09-10)10 September 1993 (aged 21) | Alajuelense |
| 6 | 2DF | William Quirós | (1994-10-19)19 October 1994 (aged 20) | Belén |
| 15 | 2DF | Josep Mora | (1993-01-15)15 January 1993 (aged 21) | Belén |
|  | 3MF | Dylan Flores |  | Uruguay |
|  | 3MF | Kennet Dixon |  | Santos |
| 13 | 3MF | Juan Arguedas | (1994-07-08)8 July 1994 (aged 20) | University of Jacksonville |
| 11 | 3MF | Randal Leal | (1997-01-14)14 January 1997 (aged 17) | Belén |
| 10 | 3MF | Ulises Segura | (1993-06-23)23 June 1993 (aged 21) | Uruguay |
| 16 | 3MF | Axel Myers | (1994-03-04)4 March 1994 (aged 20) | Uruguay |
| 8 | 3MF | Luis Sequeira | (1994-05-11)11 May 1994 (aged 20) | Alajuelense |
| 3 | 3MF | Jhamir Ordian | (1993-07-29)29 July 1993 (aged 21) | Santos |
| 19 | 4FW | James Hudson | (1994-12-04)4 December 1994 (aged 19) | Limón |
| 17 | 4FW | Ivan Ramírez | (1994-10-20)20 October 1994 (aged 20) | Santos |
| 9 | 4FW | Francisco Rodríguez | (1993-02-08)8 February 1993 (aged 21) | Carmelita |

### Haiti

Head coach:  Jérôme Velfert

| No. | Pos. | Player | Date of birth (age) | Club |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | Benderlin Beaubrun | (1996-01-29)29 January 1996 (aged 18) |  |
|  |  | Alessandro Campoy | (1997-06-07)7 June 1997 (aged 17) |  |
|  |  | Guitho Charles | (1995-05-17)17 May 1995 (aged 19) |  |
|  |  | Woodensky Cherefant | (1995-01-16)16 January 1995 (aged 19) |  |
|  |  | Fernander Demas | (1996-12-31)31 December 1996 (aged 17) |  |
|  |  | Jonel Désiré | (1997-02-12)12 February 1997 (aged 17) |  |
|  |  | Zachary Herivaux | (1996-02-01)1 February 1996 (aged 18) |  |
|  |  | Jean Jean Becker | (1995-01-18)18 January 1995 (aged 19) |  |
|  |  | Peterson Joseph, Jr. | (1996-01-20)20 January 1996 (aged 18) |  |
|  |  | Roberto Luima | (1997-03-04)4 March 1997 (aged 17) |  |
|  |  | Bebeto Muraille | (1996-09-06)6 September 1996 (aged 18) |  |
|  |  | Wilmond Oracius | (1997-03-18)18 March 1997 (aged 17) |  |
|  |  | Marckendel Paul | (1995-12-21)21 December 1995 (aged 18) |  |
|  |  | Rodlin Philogene | (1996-07-16)16 July 1996 (aged 18) |  |
|  |  | Francy Pierre | (1997-12-07)7 December 1997 (aged 16) |  |
|  |  | Venel Saint-Fort | (1996-12-21)21 December 1996 (aged 17) |  |
|  |  | Jerry Saint-Vil | (1995-06-22)22 June 1995 (aged 19) |  |
|  |  | Steve Sanon | (1996-01-07)7 January 1996 (aged 18) |  |
|  |  | Roosse Similien | (1996-05-17)17 May 1996 (aged 18) |  |
|  |  | Nerlin Saint-Vil | (1996-02-16)16 February 1996 (aged 18) |  |

### Venezuela

Head coach: Miguel Echenausi

| No. | Pos. | Player | Date of birth (age) | Club |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | Juan Carlos Azócar | (1995-10-01)1 October 1995 (aged 19) |  |
|  |  | Carlos Sosa | (1995-06-06)6 June 1995 (aged 19) |  |
|  |  | Beycker Velásquez | (1996-10-06)6 October 1996 (aged 18) |  |
|  |  | **Carlos Cermeño** | (1995-08-09)9 August 1995 (aged 19) |  |
|  |  | Franko Díaz | (1996-02-09)9 February 1996 (aged 18) |  |
|  |  | Ronaldo Peña | (1997-03-10)10 March 1997 (aged 17) |  |
|  |  | Kleiner Escorcia | (1995-07-11)11 July 1995 (aged 19) |  |
|  |  | **Andrés Ponce** | (1996-11-11)11 November 1996 (aged 18) |  |
|  |  | **Jefferson Savarino** | (1996-11-11)11 November 1996 (aged 18) |  |
|  |  | Jefre Vargas | (1995-01-12)12 January 1995 (aged 19) |  |
|  |  | José Luis Marrufo | (1996-05-12)12 May 1996 (aged 18) |  |
|  |  | Yanowsky Reyes | (1996-05-15)15 May 1996 (aged 18) |  |
|  |  | Jhonny González | (1995-09-15)15 September 1995 (aged 19) |  |
|  |  | Ayrton Páez | (1995-01-16)16 January 1995 (aged 19) |  |
|  |  | Óscar Guillén | (1996-05-17)17 May 1996 (aged 18) |  |
|  |  | Luís Jiménez Vivas | (1996-01-18)18 January 1996 (aged 18) |  |
|  |  | Rubén Ramírez | (1995-10-18)18 October 1995 (aged 19) |  |
|  |  | José Caraballo | (1996-02-21)21 February 1996 (aged 18) |  |
|  |  | **Adalberto Peñaranda** | (1997-05-21)21 May 1997 (aged 17) |  |
|  |  | **Jhon Murillo** | (1995-11-21)21 November 1995 (aged 18) |  |

### Cuba

| No. | Pos. | Player | Date of birth (age) | Club |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 1GK | **Sandy Sánchez** | (1994-05-24)24 May 1994 (aged 20) |  |
| 2 | 2DF | **Andy Baquero** | (1994-03-17)17 March 1994 (aged 20) |  |
| 3 | 3MF | **Emmanuel Labrada** | (1994-01-19)19 January 1994 (aged 20) |  |
| 4 | 3MF | Yolexis Collado | (1994-02-21)21 February 1994 (aged 20) |  |
| 5 | 3MF | Jorge Clavelo | (1982-08-08)8 August 1982 (aged 32) |  |
| 6 | 2DF | **Yosel Piedra** | (1994-03-27)27 March 1994 (aged 20) |  |
| 7 | 2DF | David Urgelles | (1995-04-24)24 April 1995 (aged 19) |  |
| 8 | 3MF | Yordan Santa | (1993-10-07)7 October 1993 (aged 21) |  |
| 9 | 4FW | **Maykel Reyes** | (1993-03-04)4 March 1993 (aged 21) |  |
| 10 | 4FW | Héctor Morales | (1993-01-19)19 January 1993 (aged 21) |  |
| 11 | 3MF | **Dairon Pérez** | (1994-01-07)7 January 1994 (aged 20) |  |
| 13 | 2DF | Brian Rosales | (1995-03-07)7 March 1995 (aged 19) |  |
| 14 | 3MF | Aricheell Hernández | (1993-09-20)20 September 1993 (aged 21) |  |
| 15 | 2DF | **Adrián Diz** | (1994-03-04)4 March 1994 (aged 20) |  |
| 16 | 3MF | **Daniel Luis** | (1994-05-11)11 May 1994 (aged 20) |  |
| 17 | 3MF | Pedro Anderson | (1993-11-09)9 November 1993 (aged 21) |  |
| 18 | 2DF | **Abel Martínez** | (1993-06-03)3 June 1993 (aged 21) |  |
| 20 | 2DF | **Alain Cervantes** | (1983-11-17)17 November 1983 (aged 30) |  |
| 21 | 1GK | **Elier Pozo** | (1995-01-28)28 January 1995 (aged 19) |  |


title: Lyonetia carcinota

abstract: Lyonetia carcinota is a moth in the family Lyonetiidae. It is known from Mauritius. This species has a wingspan of 10 mm, the head, palpae, antennae and thorax are silvery-white, the forewings are very narrowly elongated and short pointed of light ochreous colour, with the basal third silvery-white and with an oblique white mark beyond the middle of the wing. Five very small white spots are found on the last third of the costa. The hindwings are dark-grey.

text:
# Lyonetia carcinota

***Lyonetia carcinota*** is a moth in the family Lyonetiidae. It is known from Mauritius.

This species has a wingspan of 10 mm, the head, palpae, antennae and thorax are silvery-white, the forewings are very narrowly elongated and short pointed of light ochreous colour, with the basal third silvery-white and with an oblique white mark beyond the middle of the wing. Five very small white spots are found on the last third of the costa. The hindwings are dark-grey.

## InfoBox

| *Lyonetia carcinota* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Lyonetiidae |
| Genus: | *Lyonetia* |
| Species: | ***L. carcinota*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Lyonetia carcinota***<br>Meyrick, 1910 | |
|


title: WestBam

abstract: Maximilian Lenz, known by his stage name WestBam, is a German DJ and musician. He is the co-founder of the record label Low Spirit.

text:
# WestBam

**Maximilian Lenz** (born 4 March 1965), known by his stage name **WestBam**, is a German DJ and musician. He is the co-founder of the record label Low Spirit.

## Career

Lenz started his musical career in 1978 in the punk scene of his birth town Münster under the moniker Frank Xerox. He then played bass, drums and synthesizer. Together with Andreas Bleckmann (alias Sally), he founded the band Anormal Null in 1979. Afterwards he founded Kriegsschauplatz, who were active until 1983.

The origin of his DJ moniker Westbam is a homage to Afrika Bambaataa, thus ***West**phalia **Bam**baataa*. He started his career as a DJ in 1983 in the Odeon club in Münster. In 1984, he moved to his friend and mentor William Röttger in Berlin, where he released his first record called "17 – This Is Not a Boris Becker Song", which was co-produced by Klaus Jankuhn. WestBam, his brother Fabian Lenz, William Röttger, Klaus Jankuhn and Sandra Molzahn later founded their own label Low Spirit.

In 1985 Westbam published his influential text "What is Record-Art?", in which he described DJ techniques and characterized the DJ as a musician, that composes tracks with records. In 1988, the Goethe-Institut sent Westbam as part of the German art show Kunstdisco to the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul.

He played at the first Love Parade rave party in 1989 at Kurfürstendamm, Berlin, and also wrote the Love Parade Anthems from 1997–2008. He was the only DJ, who played at all Love Parades from 1989 to 2008 and planned to perform for a last time at the Loveparade 2010, but cancelled his performance in response to the Love Parade disaster. He later heavily criticized the decision to continue the event despite the death of 21 visitors.

In 1991, he organised the first Mayday rave in Berlin. With over 5000 people, it was the biggest techno party in Germany at the time. Since then, Mayday has been vital to the German techno scene. Westbam was involved in the planning of the events, and also produced the annual Mayday anthems together with Klaus Jankuhn, in the project Members of Mayday until 2013. In February 2014, Westbam announced that he will not perform any longer at Mayday and the Members of Mayday project will disband.

After several single records he released his first album named *The Cabinet*. In 1993, he played a number of rave events in the United Kingdom including Obsession Passion at the Sanctuary in Milton Keynes. In 1997, he released his first book, titled *Mixes, Cuts & Scratches*. It dealt with the art, the work and the life of a DJ.

In 2005, he released an album *Do You Believe in the Westworld*, with the first single being "Bang The Loop". Westbam presented this album live with a band, which consisted of a drummer, a bass player, Klaus Jankuhn on keyboards and a laptop for programming and Westbam performing as MC.

Westbam released his triple album *A Love Story 89-10* in 2010 on Bass Planet / Kontor Records.

2013 saw the release of his double album *Götterstraße*, on which Westbam collaborated with artists such as Richard Butler, Lil Wayne, Rockell, Iggy Pop, Bernard Sumner, Inga Humpe, Brian Molko, Kanye West, Afrika Baby Bam and Hugh Cornwell.

## Personal life

Westbam has three siblings. His brother is Fabian Lenz, also known as DJ Dick. His sister Seraphina Lenz is an artist.

He is father of two sons and lives in Berlin-Prenzlauer Berg.

## Discography

*See WestBam discography*

Scooter mentions WestBam in their 1994 song Hyper Hyper, during which lead singer H.P. Baxxter reads out the name of numerous DJs.

## InfoBox

| Westbam | |
| --- | --- |
| Westbam in 2004 | |
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Maximilian Lenz |
| Also known as | Frank Xerox, It's 2 Hard, Mr. Y, Professor Taub-Karcher, Von Sternhagel, WB Loops |
| Born | (1965-03-04) 4 March 1965<br>Münster, Westphalia, Germany |
| Genres |  |
| Occupation(s) | DJ, producer, remixer, label owner |
| Years active | 1983–present |
| Labels | Low Spirit |
|  | |
| Website | Westbam.de |


title: Margaret Gibb

abstract: Margaret Hunter Gibb born Margaret Hunter Harrison was a British political activist for the Labour Party in the North East of England.

text:
# Margaret Gibb

**Margaret Hunter Gibb** born **Margaret Hunter Harrison** (31 July 1892 – 27 January 1984) was a British political activist for the Labour Party in the North East of England.

## Life

Gibb was born in Dunston near Gateshead in 1892. Her parents were Susan (born Hunter) and William Harrison. Her father was a commercial traveller.

She was educated at Blaydon secondary school followed by St Hild's in Durham where she qualified as a teacher. She was opposed to the First World War and she would not take part in Empire Day celebrations. She joined the Labour party and the Independent Labour Party.

In 1927 her husband of just four years died. He had been the Labour Party's agent in Sheffield and she took his vacant job. In 1929 she became an elected politician when she was a successful candidate to serve on Sheffield City Council. She joined the Education committee but in 1930 she resigned to work again for the Labour Party. She became their organiser in Durham, Northumberland, and Yorkshire responsible for over eighty constituencies. She decided to concentrate on the role of women. Some women had the vote in 1918, but it was not until 1928 that all adult women had the vote in Britain. She organised education and social events intended to be of interest to women. Social events included dances, plays, sports events and whist drives, while the education included a week each year when lectures were offered.

She served for 27 years as the Labour Party's organiser in constituencies in Durham, Northumberland, and Yorkshire until 1957.

## Death and legacy

Gibb died in Hexham hospital in 1984. Northumberland archives hold a recording she made in 1983 about her work.

## Private life

She married in 1923 to Tom Gibb. He died in 1927. They had no children.

## InfoBox

| Margaret Gibb | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Margaret Hunter Harrison
31 July 1892
Dunston |
| Died | 27 January 1984 (1984-01-28) (aged 91)
Hexham |
| Nationality | British |
| Occupation | activist |
| Known for | North East organiser of the Labour Party |
| Political party | Labour Party |
| Spouse | Tom Gibb |


title: Leon Pole

abstract: Leon Pole was an Australian artist who was associated with the Heidelberg School art movement, also known as Australian Impressionism. Born in Adelaide, South Australia, Pole moved to Melbourne where, between 1888 and 1892, he studied under Frederick McCubbin at the National Gallery of Victoria Art School. While still a student, Pole joined Arthur Streeton, Charles Conder, Tom Roberts and other members of the Heidelberg School at their artists' camp at Eaglemont, Heidelberg. In 1890, Pole joined Heidelberg School artist Walter Withers at Charterisville, where he remained for several years. Pole's best-known painting, The Village Laundress (1891), depicts a laundress and her two daughters walking across grassy paddocks in Templestowe with the sunlit Yarra Valley in the background, and shows the marked influence of Streeton's lyrical Heidelberg paintings, such as ′Still glides the stream, and shall for ever glide′ (1890). Reviewing The Village Laundress in 1932 for The Australasian, art critic Harold Herbert called it "a very charming and interesting picture", and said it "possesses a quality of faithful painting for the love of it, and a tenderness of colour that is very gratifying. No flashness, no blatancy, just a simple sincerity." He went on to compare its "quiet beauty" to the work of Heidelberg School artist David Davies. The painting sold at auction in 1987 for $210,000, regarded as a high price for a work by a relatively obscure Australian artist. It is now in the collection of the National Gallery of Victoria. Pole was an acclaimed muralist, caricaturist and "lightning sketcher", and, alongside artists such as Max Meldrum and brothers Lionel and Norman Lindsay, formed part of a bohemian group in Melbourne known as the Cannibal Club. Ahead of the 1901 opening of the first Parliament of Australia at Melbourne's Royal Exhibition Building, Pole, in collaboration with three other artists, painted largescale murals of allegorical maidens throughout the venue, which remain to this day.

text:
# Leon Pole

**Leon Pole** (28 June 1871 – 31 December 1951) was an Australian artist who was associated with the Heidelberg School art movement, also known as Australian Impressionism.

Born in Adelaide, South Australia, Pole moved to Melbourne where, between 1888 and 1892, he studied under Frederick McCubbin at the National Gallery of Victoria Art School. While still a student, Pole joined Arthur Streeton, Charles Conder, Tom Roberts and other members of the Heidelberg School at their artists' camp at Eaglemont, Heidelberg. In 1890, Pole joined Heidelberg School artist Walter Withers at Charterisville, where he remained for several years.

Pole's best-known painting, *The Village Laundress* (1891), depicts a laundress and her two daughters walking across grassy paddocks in Templestowe with the sunlit Yarra Valley in the background, and shows the marked influence of Streeton's lyrical Heidelberg paintings, such as *′Still glides the stream, and shall for ever glide′* (1890). Reviewing *The Village Laundress* in 1932 for *The Australasian*, art critic Harold Herbert called it "a very charming and interesting picture", and said it "possesses a quality of faithful painting for the love of it, and a tenderness of colour that is very gratifying. No flashness, no blatancy, just a simple sincerity." He went on to compare its "quiet beauty" to the work of Heidelberg School artist David Davies. The painting sold at auction in 1987 for $210,000, regarded as a high price for a work by a relatively obscure Australian artist. It is now in the collection of the National Gallery of Victoria.

Pole was an acclaimed muralist, caricaturist and "lightning sketcher", and, alongside artists such as Max Meldrum and brothers Lionel and Norman Lindsay, formed part of a bohemian group in Melbourne known as the Cannibal Club. Ahead of the 1901 opening of the first Parliament of Australia at Melbourne's Royal Exhibition Building, Pole, in collaboration with three other artists, painted largescale murals of allegorical maidens throughout the venue, which remain to this day.


title: Milisav Koljenšić

abstract: Milisav Koljenšić was a Montenegrin Major General with the Yugoslav People's Army. He is notable for being the maternal uncle of Slobodan Milošević.

text:
# Milisav Koljenšić

**Milisav Koljenšić** (Serbian Cyrillic: Милисав Кољеншић; 31 December 1912 – 26 March 1963) was a Montenegrin Major General with the Yugoslav People's Army. He is notable for being the maternal uncle of Slobodan Milošević.

## Career

Prior to the Second World War, he practiced law. In 1941, he joined the Yugoslav Partisans and the Communist Party of Yugoslavia. During the war, he was the political commissar of several units. He later graduated from the Yugoslav People's Army Higher Military Academy. After the war he was head of the KOS department and head of the School Security Center.

He had a brother named Vlado.

## Death and legacy

He died from suicide in 1963. He is interred in the Alley of People's Heroes in the Belgrade New Cemetery. His wife Hristina "Kitka" Koljenšić (1922–2017) was interred next to him upon her death.

An elementary school in Danilovgrad is named after him.

## InfoBox

| Milisav Koljenšić | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1912-12-31)31 December 1912
Danilovgrad, Kingdom of Montenegro |
| Died | 26 March 1963(1963-03-26) (aged 50)
Belgrade, PR Serbia, FPR Yugoslavia |
| Allegiance | SFR Yugoslavia |
| Service/branch | Yugoslav People's Army |
| Rank | Major General |
| Battles/wars | World War II in Yugoslavia |


title: Tom Lonie

abstract: Thomas Lonie was a Scottish footballer who played in the Football League for Darwen, Leicester Fosse and Stoke.

text:
# Tom Lonie

**Thomas Lonie** (26 November 1874 – 1941) was a Scottish footballer who played in the Football League for Darwen, Leicester Fosse and Stoke.

## Career

Lonie was born in Dundee and played for local sides Dundee Harp and Johnstone Wanderers before moving to England with Notts County. He failed to get a match at County and left for Darwen before moving back to Dundee. Stoke brought him back down south and he scored four goals in nine matches during the 1895–96 season. He left at the end of the season to play for Leicester Fosse.

## Career statistics

Source:

| Club | Season | League | | | FA Cup | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Darwen | 1894–95 | Second Division | 8 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 2 |
| Dundee | 1894–95 | Scottish Division One | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 2 |
| | 1895–96 | Scottish Division One | 7 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 5 |
| | Total | | 10 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 7 |
| Stoke | 1895–96 | First Division | 9 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 4 |
| Leicester Fosse | 1896–97 | Second Division | 7 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 3 |
| Career Total | | | 34 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 34 | 16 |

## InfoBox

Tom Lonie
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Thomas Lonie | | |
| Date of birth | 26 November 1874 | | |
| Place of birth | Dundee, Scotland | | |
| Date of death | 1941 (aged 6667) | | |
| Position(s) | Forward | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1892 | Dundee Harp |  |  |
| 1893 | Johnstone Wanderers |  |  |
| 1893 | Notts County | 0 | (0) |
| 1894 | Darwen | 8 | (2) |
| 1894 | Dundee Wanderers |  |  |
| 1895 | Dundee | 10 | (7) |
| 1895–1896 | Stoke | 9 | (4) |
| 1896 | Leicester Fosse | 7 | (3) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Quercus manzanillana

abstract: Quercus manzanillana is a shrub in the genus Quercus indigenous to Mexico. It was described in 1924 by William Trelease. It is found in the Mexican state of Puebla.

text:
# Quercus manzanillana

***Quercus manzanillana*** is a shrub in the genus *Quercus* indigenous to Mexico. It was described in 1924 by William Trelease. It is found in the Mexican state of Puebla.

## Description

The twigs of *Quercus manzanillana* measure about 2-3 mm in diameter. They are fluted and initially covered in a grayish, tomentulose coating. The buds are light brown, glabrous and glossy, ovoid in shape, and approximately 2 x 3 mm in size.

The leaves of this oak species are deciduous and elliptical in shape. They are obtuse and exhibit a more or less cordate base. The leaf margins are typically entire or very obscurely repand towards the upper part. The leaves measure 2.5-3.5 cm in width and 5-8 cm in length. The upper leaf surface is essentially glabrous and somewhat glossy, while the lower surface is densely covered in a persistent rusty-tomentose pubescence. The leaves have approximately 10 pairs of looped veins, and the petiole is tomentulose and measures around 5 mm in length.

## Validity

According to Susana Valencia-A. in 2004, this species described by Trelease is not valid. They claim that *Quercus manzanillana* represents a hybrid between different oak species or a morphological variety of an existing species. In 2003, Zavala-Chavez proposed an alternative classification for *Quercus manzanillana*. According to Zavala-Chavez's research, this oak species could be considered a variety of *Quercus deserticola*. However, these proposals are not universally accepted, and the taxonomic relationship between *Quercus manzanillana* and other oak species requires additional investigation.

## InfoBox

| *Quercus manzanillana* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Fagales |
| Family: | Fagaceae |
| Genus: | *Quercus* |
| Subgenus: | *Quercus subg. Quercus* |
| Section: | *Quercus sect. Quercus* |
| Species: | ***Q. manzanillana*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Quercus manzanillana***<br>Trel. | |
|


title: Pyrgus aladaghensis

abstract: Pyrgus aladaghensis, also known as the Aladagh skipper or Aladag skipper, is a butterfly of the family of Hesperiidae that was first described by Willy De Prins and Dirk van der Poorten in 1995. It is found on the Aladaglar massive of the Taurus Mountains near Niğde, in southern Turkey.

text:
# Pyrgus aladaghensis

***Pyrgus aladaghensis***, also known as the **Aladagh skipper** or **Aladag skipper**, is a butterfly of the family of Hesperiidae that was first described by Willy De Prins and Dirk van der Poorten in 1995. It is found on the Aladaglar massive of the Taurus Mountains near Niğde, in southern Turkey.

## InfoBox

| Aladagh skipper | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Data Deficient  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Hesperiidae |
| Genus: | *Pyrgus* |
| Species: | ***P. aladaghensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pyrgus aladaghensis***
De Prins & Poorten, 1995 | |
|


title: László Heltay

abstract:
László Istvan Heltay was a Hungarian-born British conductor and choral director. Heltay is best known for contributing to the establishment of the Brighton Festival Chorus, the Chorus of the Academy of St Martin in the Fields and the Schola Cantorum of Oxford. He was described as:
  - "...one of the finest and most inspiring choral trainers in the world...through his efforts the whole British choral tradition has been given a new look and a new set of standards to aim for."

text:
# László Heltay

**László Istvan Heltay** (5 January 1930   17 December 2019) was a Hungarian-born British conductor and choral director. Heltay is best known for contributing to the establishment of the Brighton Festival Chorus, the Chorus of the Academy of St Martin in the Fields and the Schola Cantorum of Oxford. He was described as:

"...one of the finest and most inspiring choral trainers in the world...through his efforts the whole British choral tradition has been given a new look and a new set of standards to aim for."

## Early life and education

Heltay was born in Budapest, Hungary, to László Heltay Sr, a scientist, and Gizella Heltay, née Somogy. After leaving school he studied at the Franz Liszt Academy of Music. At the academy, he studied under Lajos Bárdos and became a friend as well as a pupil of the composer Zoltán Kodály.

## Career

After graduation, Heltay worked as a conductor for radio stations and local church choirs. Following the failed Hungarian revolution in 1956, he emigrated to Britain, arriving as a 26-year-old refugee speaking barely any English: all he possessed was his grandfather's overcoat, a letter of recommendation from Kodály and a box of conducting batons. After attending a language school in Leeds he settled in London, where he cleaned offices in Oxford Street.

From 1960 to 1964, Heltay studied for his MLitt at Merton College, Oxford. He had founded the college's Kodály Choir in 1957 and commissioned the composer to create a cantata from Arthur O'Shaughnessy’s ode *We are The Music Makers* for Merton's 700th anniversary in 1964.

As musical director at Merton, a post created for him, Heltay established in 1960 the Collegium Musicum Oxoniense choir, now the Schola Cantorum of Oxford. The choir's purity of sound and its instrumental approach to the score challenged the more mannered styles prevalent in Britain at the time.

Between 1964 and 1966, Heltay lived and worked in New Zealand, where he conducted the NZBC Symphony Orchestra and was Director of Music at the New Zealand Opera. He gave the antipodean première of Britten's Albert Herring and claimed to have given Kiri Te Kanawa her first professional engagement before returning in 1967 to Britain to join Phoenix Opera as their conductor, with whom he worked for several seasons.

In 1967, Heltay founded the Brighton Festival Chorus. Their festival debut was Walton's Belshazzar's Feast, conducted by the composer, and for the next 27 years Heltay prepared them for the festival choral events and for concerts and recordings under a galaxy of conductors including Yehudi Menuhin, Leonard Bernstein and André Previn, as well as his fellow Hungarians Antal Dorati and István Kertész. In 1988 a performance of Britten's War Requiem in Flanders marked the 70th anniversary of the end of the First World War. From 1968 until the mid-1980s he was Director of Music at the Gardner Arts Centre (now the Attenborough Centre for the Creative Arts), where he trained the University of Sussex Choir and Orchestra.

In 1974, Neville Marriner encouraged Heltay to form the Chorus of the Academy of St Martin in the Fields, composed of straight, accurate voices and designed to match the instrumental sound of the by then world-famous orchestra. The choir made its debut in 1975 in Düsseldorf and was soon an established feature of the orchestra's programming. Heltay's choral and Marriner's instrumental styles matched perfectly, and the partnership of 25 years took Heltay and the Chorus through numerous concerts, tours and 28 recordings from the major choral repertoire with soloists such as Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau, Janet Baker, Kiri Te Kanawa and Anthony Rolfe Johnson. Performances with Heltay as chorus master included the 250th-anniversary of Handel's Messiah in Dublin in 1992 and the closing concerts of the handover of Hong Kong in 1997. and their recordings also include the soundtrack for *Amadeus* in 1984, and the UEFA Champions League Anthem.

From 1985 to 1995, Heltay was the Royal Choral Society's Director of Music.

As well as the Academy of St Martin in the Fields, Heltay worked as a conductor with the Philharmonia Orchestra, Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, London Philharmonic Orchestra, Dresden Philharmonic, Dallas Symphony Orchestra and Budapest Philharmonic Orchestra and he conducted numerous radio orchestras and choirs including those of Brussels, Hamburg, Stuttgart, Madrid, Budapest and Stockholm.

In the 1990s, Heltay moved to Barcelona, where he served as director of the Spanish Radio and Television Choir from 1997 and continued a busy schedule of conducting and master classes for young choral conductors in Europe and the USA.

Heltay was awarded the International Kodály Medal in 1982, became an honorary Doctor of Music at Sussex in 1995 and was elected an honorary Fellow of Merton College in 1997.

After retiring, Heltay returned to Budapest in his eighties.

## Personal life

Heltay became a British citizen in 1957. In Britain, he married Hilary Nicholson in 1964. The couple separated in 1966, but never divorced.

Other than music, Heltay's main interests were books, football, tennis, chess, and dogs.

Heltay died of cancer in December 2019, and was buried in Farkasréti Cemetery, as are Bárdos, Kodály, Bela Bartok and Georg Solti.


title: Forester Pass

abstract: Forester Pass is a mountain pass in the Sierra Nevada. Located on the Kings-Kern Divide and on the boundary between Sequoia National Park and Kings Canyon National Park, Forester Pass connects the drainages of Bubbs Creek and the Kern River. The pass is traversed by the John Muir Trail and the Pacific Crest Trail, which are coincident between Crabtree Meadows and Tuolumne Meadows. At 13,153 feet (4,009 m), Forester Pass is the highest point along the Pacific Crest Trail. It is also the southernmost of the six high mountain passes above 11,000 feet along the John Muir Trail, with Donohue Pass, Muir Pass, Mather Pass, Pinchot Pass, and Glen Pass. The PCT/JMT ascends the pass gradually from the north and switchbacks precipitously down its sheer southern side.

text:
# Forester Pass

**Forester Pass** is a mountain pass in the Sierra Nevada. Located on the Kings-Kern Divide and on the boundary between Sequoia National Park and Kings Canyon National Park, Forester Pass connects the drainages of Bubbs Creek (a tributary of the South Fork Kings River) and the Kern River. The pass is traversed by the John Muir Trail and the Pacific Crest Trail, which are coincident between Crabtree Meadows and Tuolumne Meadows. At 13,153 feet (4,009 m), Forester Pass is the highest point along the Pacific Crest Trail. It is also the southernmost of the six high mountain passes above 11,000 feet along the John Muir Trail, with (in order from north to south) Donohue Pass, Muir Pass, Mather Pass, Pinchot Pass, and Glen Pass.

The PCT/JMT ascends the pass gradually from the north and switchbacks precipitously down its sheer southern side.

## History

Originally documented by a group of United States Forest Service workers, it was subsequently named in their honor. On August 26, 1930, four men—including 18-year-old Donald Downs—were injured during construction of the trail over the pass. A boulder let loose during blasting of the trail crushed Downs' arm. The men were evacuated by stretcher, Downs to Baxter Cabin and the others to Independence. Mr. Down's arm was amputated. He died on September 2, 1930, from complications of surgery. A plane crashed at Tyndall Creek after dropping medicine for Downs. A plaque commemorating his death is found on the southern side of the pass, most easily seen while walking in a northerly direction.

## InfoBox

| Forester Pass | |
| --- | --- |
| The view south from Forester Pass | |
| Elevation | 13,153 ft (4,009 m) |
| Traversed by | John Muir Trail, Pacific Crest Trail |
| Location | Tulare County, California, United States |
| Range | Sierra Nevada |
| Coordinates | 36°41′39″N 118°22′19″W / 36.6941018°N 118.3720397°W / 36.6941018; -118.3720397 |
| Topo map | USGS *Mount Williamson* |
| Location in California | |


title: Turgutlu, Kozan

abstract: Turgutlu is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Kozan, Adana Province, Turkey. Its population is 1,506 (2022).

text:
# Turgutlu, Kozan

**Turgutlu** is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Kozan, Adana Province, Turkey. Its population is 1,506 (2022).

## InfoBox

| Turgutlu | |
| --- | --- |
| Neighbourhood | |
| TurgutluLocation in Turkey | |
| Coordinates: 37°30′44″N 35°48′04″E / 37.5122°N 35.8011°E / 37.5122; 35.8011 | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Adana |
| District | Kozan |
| Population (2022) | 1,506 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |


title: Wen'an County

abstract: Wen'an is a county in the central part of Hebei province, China, on the upper reaches of the Daqing River (大清河), a tributary of the Hai River, and bordering Tianjin to the east. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Langfang, and, as of 2004, had a population of 460,000 residing in an area of 980 km⁲ (380 sq mi).

text:
# Wen'an County

**Wen'an** (Chinese: 文安; pinyin: *Wén'ān*) is a county in the central part of Hebei province, China, on the upper reaches of the Daqing River (大清河), a tributary of the Hai River, and bordering Tianjin to the east. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Langfang, and, as of 2004, had a population of 460,000 residing in an area of 980 km2 (380 sq mi).

## Administrative divisions

The county administers 12 towns and one ethnic township.

Towns:

The only township is Daweihe Hui and Manchu Ethnic Township (大围河回族满族乡)

## Climate

| Climate data for Wen'an (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 15.9
(60.6) | 21.0
(69.8) | 30.7
(87.3) | 33.8
(92.8) | 38.9
(102.0) | 40.6
(105.1) | 41.9
(107.4) | 38.4
(101.1) | 35.4
(95.7) | 31.3
(88.3) | 23.4
(74.1) | 15.2
(59.4) | 41.9
(107.4) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 2.4
(36.3) | 6.6
(43.9) | 13.8
(56.8) | 21.6
(70.9) | 27.7
(81.9) | 31.7
(89.1) | 32.3
(90.1) | 30.8
(87.4) | 27.0
(80.6) | 20.2
(68.4) | 10.8
(51.4) | 3.9
(39.0) | 19.1
(66.3) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −3.5
(25.7) | 0.2
(32.4) | 7.2
(45.0) | 14.9
(58.8) | 21.2
(70.2) | 25.6
(78.1) | 27.3
(81.1) | 25.9
(78.6) | 21.0
(69.8) | 13.8
(56.8) | 5.0
(41.0) | −1.6
(29.1) | 13.1
(55.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −8.0
(17.6) | −4.7
(23.5) | 1.6
(34.9) | 8.9
(48.0) | 15.0
(59.0) | 20.0
(68.0) | 22.9
(73.2) | 21.9
(71.4) | 16.2
(61.2) | 8.7
(47.7) | 0.6
(33.1) | −5.7
(21.7) | 8.1
(46.6) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −18.5
(−1.3) | −16.5
(2.3) | −9.9
(14.2) | −2.6
(27.3) | 5.0
(41.0) | 10.3
(50.5) | 16.3
(61.3) | 14.5
(58.1) | 5.7
(42.3) | −3.6
(25.5) | −10.6
(12.9) | −19.6
(−3.3) | −19.6
(−3.3) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 2.2
(0.09) | 5.2
(0.20) | 9.0
(0.35) | 20.9
(0.82) | 30.7
(1.21) | 76.7
(3.02) | 156.4
(6.16) | 113.4
(4.46) | 49.6
(1.95) | 28.8
(1.13) | 12.9
(0.51) | 2.2
(0.09) | 508
(19.99) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 1.5 | 2.1 | 2.9 | 4.5 | 5.5 | 7.7 | 11.7 | 9.9 | 6.2 | 4.8 | 3.2 | 1.6 | 61.6 |
| Average snowy days | 2.1 | 2.1 | 0.8 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.3 | 2.1 | 8.5 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 56 | 51 | 48 | 50 | 53 | 60 | 73 | 77 | 70 | 65 | 63 | 60 | 61 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 184.0 | 193.4 | 245.9 | 265.0 | 291.3 | 261.0 | 236.7 | 236.1 | 230.4 | 214.8 | 173.3 | 172.2 | 2,704.1 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 60 | 63 | 66 | 67 | 66 | 59 | 53 | 56 | 63 | 63 | 58 | 59 | 61 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| Wen'an County 文安县Wenan | |
| --- | --- |
| County | |
| Wen'an in Langfang | |
| Langfang in Hebei | |
| Coordinates: 38°52′23″N 116°27′29″E / 38.873°N 116.458°E / 38.873; 116.458 | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Hebei |
| Prefecture-level city | Langfang |
| County seat | Wen'an Town (文安镇) |
| Area | |
| Total | 980 km2 (380 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 7 m (23 ft) |
| Population (2004) | |
| Total | 460,000 |
| Density | 470/km2 (1,200/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Postal code | 065800 |
| Area code | 0316 |


title: Margaret George

abstract: Margaret George is an American historical novelist specializing in epic fictional biographies. She is known for her meticulous research and the large scale of her books. She is the author of the bestselling novels The Autobiography of Henry VIII (1986), Mary Queen of Scotland and the Isles (1992), The Memoirs of Cleopatra (1997), Mary, Called Magdalene (2002), Helen of Troy (2006), Elizabeth I (2011), The Confessions of Young Nero (2017), and The Splendor Before the Dark (2018). Several of these novels were New York Times bestsellers and the Cleopatra novel was made into an Emmy-nominated ABC-TV miniseries in 1999. Altogether the novels have been published in 21 languages. She is ranked at the forefront of historical novelists writing today. Because of the detailed and accurate research behind her books, she has been a featured interviewee on A & E Biography and a special on Alexandria. She has also spoken at the Folger Shakespeare Library, Hampton Court the Tower of London, and twice at the Library of Congress's National Book Festival. In 2021, George authored an immersive audiovisual step inside a story tour for the Circus Maximus in Rome entitled The Charioteer on the BARDEUM mobile app.

text:
# Margaret George

**Margaret George** (born 1943) is an American historical novelist specializing in epic fictional biographies. She is known for her meticulous research and the large scale of her books. She is the author of the bestselling novels *The Autobiography of Henry VIII* (1986), *Mary Queen of Scotland and the Isles* (1992), *The Memoirs of Cleopatra* (1997), *Mary, Called Magdalene* (2002), *Helen of Troy* (2006), *Elizabeth I* (2011), *The Confessions of Young Nero* (2017), and *The Splendor Before the Dark* (2018).

Several of these novels were New York Times bestsellers and the Cleopatra novel was made into an Emmy-nominated ABC-TV miniseries in 1999. Altogether the novels have been published in 21 languages. She is ranked at the forefront of historical novelists writing today.

Because of the detailed and accurate research behind her books, she has been a featured interviewee on A & E Biography (*Henry VIII: Scandals of a King*, 1996, and *Elizabeth: The Virgin Queen*, 1996) and a special on Alexandria (*Cleopatra's World: Alexandria Revealed*, 1999). She has also spoken at the Folger Shakespeare Library, Hampton Court the Tower of London, and twice at the Library of Congress's National Book Festival (2011, 2019).

In 2021, George authored an immersive audiovisual step inside a story tour for the Circus Maximus in Rome entitled *The Charioteer* on the BARD*EUM* mobile app.

## Life

Margaret George was born in Nashville, Tennessee in 1943. Her father joined the U.S. Foreign Service when she was four, and she lived overseas – Taiwan, Israel, and Germany – before she was thirteen. She was exposed early to historical sites and learned that legends might have historical bases.

She graduated from Tufts University with a B.A. and Stanford University with an M.A., co-majoring in biological science and English literature. She worked as a science writer for several years at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland before moving to Madison, Wisconsin with her husband.

## Writing career

She began writing at a very early age, composing on yellow lined tablets and illustrating them herself. By middle school, she had begun writing novels, but did not show them to anyone except a few close friends. Only when a book was completely finished did she try for publication. Although she is now known exclusively for historical tomes, she wrote in many genres as she was teaching herself to write.

Her first published novel, *The Autobiography of Henry VIII* (1986), set the pattern. It drew a sympathetic portrait of the notorious king without whitewashing the dishonorable episodes of his life. Almost thirty years after its publication, it is still influential and was at the top of the fans' recommended Henry VIII fiction list for *The Tudors* miniseries.

Her other books show the same key characteristics: careful research almost qualifying for non-fiction standards, enough length to give perspective to the subject's life, and colorful imagery. She says she aims to be on paper what David Lean's films are in visual terms: elegant, detailed, and panoramic.

*Mary, Called Magdalene* (2002) was published a year before Dan Brown's *The Da Vinci Code* and was based on the historical facts. Both books struck a chord with a public eager to know more about the enigmatic Mary of Magdala, a close companion of Jesus.

*Helen of Troy* (2006) incorporates the whole myth cycle of the Trojan War and its aftermath, weaving together all the different strands of the story.

*Elizabeth I* (2011) focuses on the later years of Queen Elizabeth’s life, a period neglected by most popular novels, although it showcases the enigmatic queen's personality very strongly. It begins with the Spanish Armada in 1588 and ends with her death in 1603.

She has also co-authored an illustrated children's book about tortoises with Christopher Murphy, DVM, titled *Lucille Lost* (2006).

*The Confessions of Young Nero* (2017) and its continuation, *The Splendor Before the Dark* (2018) tell the story of the artist-emperor' brief but legendary life, from A.D. 37-68.

Margaret George’s knowledge of ancient medicine, acquired through her background in biology and her research on Cleopatra, Mary Magdalene, Helen of Troy, and Nero, has led to her speaking on the subject at various venues. Her favorite is discussing the chemistry of the fatal snakebite and Cleopatra, illustrating the erroneous depictions in film and paintings.

## Works

* *The Autobiography of Henry VIII: With Notes by His Fool, Will Somers* (1986)
* *Mary Queen of Scotland and the Isles* (1992)
* *The Memoirs of Cleopatra* (1997)
* *Mary, Called Magdalene* (2002)
* *Helen of Troy* (2006)
* *Lucille Lost* (2006)
* *Elizabeth I* (2011)
* *The Confessions of Young Nero* (2017)
* *The Splendor Before the Dark* (2018)

## InfoBox

| Margaret George | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | 1943 (age 8081)
Nashville, Tennessee, U.S. |
| Occupation | Author |
| Education | Tufts University (BA)
Stanford University (MA) |
| Genre | Historical |
| Notable works | *The Memoirs of Cleopatra*
*Mary, Called Magdalene* |


title: Leon Pownall

abstract: Leon Pownall was a Welsh-Canadian actor and director. He was born in Wrexham, Wales and moved to Hamilton, Ontario with his family in 1957. He performed at the Stratford Festival during the 1960s and returned several times to the festival over the years to perform, the last time in 2002 as a director. Pownall wrote and performed a one-man play, Do Not Go Gentle, about Dylan Thomas. Geraint Wyn Davies later performed this work off-Broadway in 2005 and at the Stratford Festival in 2010. His film credits include Dead Poets Society (1989), in which he shared the screen with Robin Williams, as well as the title role in Handel's Last Chance (1996) and a supporting role in the Golden Globe-winning Dirty Pictures (2000). Pownall was nominated for a Gemini Award for the role of Dr. Ewan Cameron in the 1998 Canadian television mini-series The Sleep Room. He also appeared in television series such as The Beachcombers, Street Legal, Wiseguy, and Slings & Arrows. Pownall died from cancer in Stratford, Ontario, on June 2, 2006, at the age of 63.

text:
# Leon Pownall

**Leon Pownall** (April 26, 1943 – June 2, 2006) was a Welsh-Canadian actor and director.

He was born in Wrexham, Wales and moved to Hamilton, Ontario with his family in 1957. He performed at the Stratford Festival during the 1960s and returned several times to the festival over the years to perform, the last time in 2002 as a director.

Pownall wrote and performed a one-man play, *Do Not Go Gentle*, about Dylan Thomas. Geraint Wyn Davies later performed this work off-Broadway in 2005 and at the Stratford Festival in 2010.

His film credits include *Dead Poets Society* (1989), in which he shared the screen with Robin Williams, as well as the title role in *Handel's Last Chance* (1996) and a supporting role in the Golden Globe-winning *Dirty Pictures* (2000). Pownall was nominated for a Gemini Award for the role of Dr. Ewan Cameron in the 1998 Canadian television mini-series *The Sleep Room*. He also appeared in television series such as *The Beachcombers*, *Street Legal*, *Wiseguy*, and *Slings & Arrows*.

Pownall died from cancer in Stratford, Ontario, on June 2, 2006, at the age of 63.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1968 | *A Great Big Thing* | Ray |  |
| 1970 | *Twelve and a Half Cents* | Father |  |
| 1989 | *Dead Poets Society* | McAllister |  |
| 1989 | *Termini Station* | Charles Marshall |  |
| 1989 | *Bye Bye Blues* | Bernie Blitzer |  |
| 1989 | *Love and Hate: The Story of Colin and JoAnn Thatcher* | Gerry Gerrand |  |
| 1990 | *Angel Square* | Blue Cheeks |  |
| 1994 | *How the West Was Fun* | Leo McRugger |  |
| 1996 | *Handel's Last Chance* | Georg Friedrich Handel |  |
| 1997 | *Dinner at Fred's* | George Billings |  |
| 1998 | *The Sleep Room* | Dr. Ewen Cameron |  |
| 1998 | *Sleeping Dogs Lie* | Inspector Mitchell |  |
| 2005 | *Bailey's Billion$* | Judge Cornelius Strawacher |  |

## InfoBox

| Leon Pownall | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1943-04-26)April 26, 1943
Wrexham, Denbighshire, Wales |
| Died | June 2, 2006(2006-06-02) (aged 63)
Stratford, Ontario, Canada |
| Occupation | Actor |


title: Milirrpum Marika

abstract: Milirrpum Marika, also known as Jacky and also referred to simply as Milirrpum, was a Yolngu artist and community leader from East Arnhem Land, Northern Territory of Australia. He was best known for his involvement in the landmark court case Milirrpum v Nabalco Pty Ltd (1971), aka the Gove land rights case, which was the first significant legal case for Indigenous land right and native title in Australia and led to the federal Aboriginal Land Rights Act 1976. He was the younger brother of artists and activists Mawalan 1 Marika and Mathaman Marika, with Roy Dadaynga Marika being the next youngest, and there was also a sister, Dhunggala. The family belongs to the Rirratjingu clan of the Dhuwa moiety, and lived at Yirrkala. His country is Yalangbara, and language Dhangu. He produced most of his artworks after 1960, which were represented in exhibitions during his lifetime and are held in several collections today, although due to his other commitments he was not as prolific an artist as his brothers. His media included using ochres in bark paintings, and his special themes were Djambuwal the Thunderman, and the creation story of the Djang'kawu sisters. Milirrpum and his four brothers led the other clans in presenting the Yirrkala bark petitions to the Australian Government, in the lead-up to the Gove case. He was an important community leader who led clan ceremonies from the 1970s until his death, with younger brother Roy taking over his duties in 1983. He died on 7 November 1983. His son is Wanyubi Marika, also an artist.

text:
# Milirrpum Marika

**Milirrpum Marika** (c.1923 – 7 November 1983), also known as **Jacky** and also referred to simply as **Milirrpum**, was a Yolngu artist and community leader from East Arnhem Land, Northern Territory of Australia. He was best known for his involvement in the landmark court case *Milirrpum v Nabalco Pty Ltd* (1971), aka the Gove land rights case, which was the first significant legal case for Indigenous land right and native title in Australia and led to the federal *Aboriginal Land Rights (Northern Territory) Act 1976*.

He was the younger brother of artists and activists Mawalan 1 Marika and Mathaman Marika, with Roy Dadaynga Marika being the next youngest, and there was also a sister, Dhunggala. The family belongs to the Rirratjingu clan of the Dhuwa moiety, and lived at Yirrkala. His country is Yalangbara, and language Dhangu.

He produced most of his artworks after 1960, which were represented in exhibitions during his lifetime and are held in several collections today, although due to his other commitments he was not as prolific an artist as his brothers. His media included using ochres in bark paintings, and his special themes were Djambuwal the Thunderman, and the creation story of the Djang'kawu sisters.

Milirrpum and his four brothers led the other clans in presenting the Yirrkala bark petitions to the Australian Government, in the lead-up to the Gove case.

He was an important community leader who led clan ceremonies from the 1970s until his death, with younger brother Roy taking over his duties in 1983.

He died on 7 November 1983.

His son is Wanyubi Marika (born 1967), also an artist.

## Collections

Marika's work is held in the following galleries:

## InfoBox

| Mathaman Marika | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | c.1923 |
| Died | 7 November 1983 |
| Nationality | Australian |
| Other names | Jacky Marika |
| Children | Wanyubi |
| Relatives | Mawalan 1 Marika, Mathaman Marika, Roy Dadaynga Marika, Dhunggala Marika (brothers) |


title: Todoopura

abstract: Todoopura is a village in Hindaun Block, Karauli district in the Indian State of Rajasthan Todoopura is located on the karaouli- hindaun highway. the village's current population is near 7000. The majority caste in this village is jagarwad,. jagarwad is the subcaste of zamindar meena. jagarwad people are famous for their strong control in the area.12 villages belongs to jagarwad sub cast.

text:
# Todoopura

**Todoopura** is a village in Hindaun Block, Karauli district in the Indian State of Rajasthan

Todoopura is located on the karaouli- hindaun highway. the village's current population is near 7000.

The majority caste in this village is jagarwad, (Meena community). jagarwad is the subcaste of zamindar meena (Meena community ). jagarwad people are famous for their strong control in the area.12 villages belongs to jagarwad sub cast.

## InfoBox

| Todoopura | |
| --- | --- |
| Gram Panchayat | |
| TodoopuraLocation in Rajasthan, IndiaTodoopuraTodoopura (India) | |
| Coordinates: 26°23′N 76°36′E / 26.38°N 76.60°E / 26.38; 76.60 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Rajasthan |
| District | Karauli |
| Tehsil | Hindaun Tehsil |
| Elevation | 235 m (771 ft) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 7,000 |
| Languages | |
| Official | Hindi |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 322234 |
| Telephone code | 91-7469 |
| ISO 3166 code | RJ-IN |
| Vehicle registration | RJ 34 |
| Sex ratio | 815:1000 / |


title: Quintin Hoare

abstract: Quintin Hoare is a British leftist intellectual and literary translator from languages including Italian, French, German, Russian and Bosnian. After studying Modern Languages at Oxford University, in 1962 Hoare joined the editorial board of New Left Review, serving as its managing editor from 1963 to 1979. He and his wife, the Croatian historian Branka Magas, eventually resigned in 1993. Hoare was a founding editor of the journal Labour Focus on Eastern Europe, a founding member in 1993 of the Alliance to Defend Bosnia-Herzegovina, and in 1997 became director of the Bosnian Institute. Hoare edited the Pelican Marx Library, which ran to eight volumes. As a translator, he has worked in several languages, winning major awards for his translations from Italian, French and German: the John Florio Prize in 1978/9 for Antonio Gramsci's Selections from Political Writings 1921–26, the Scott Moncrieff Prize in 1984 for Sartre's War Diaries, and the Schlegel-Tieck Prize in 1989 for Hermann Grab's short stories. Hoare's son is the historian Marko Attila Hoare.

text:
# Quintin Hoare

**Quintin Hoare** (born 1938) is a British leftist intellectual and literary translator from languages including Italian, French, German, Russian and Bosnian.

After studying Modern Languages at Oxford University, in 1962 Hoare joined the editorial board of *New Left Review*, serving as its managing editor from 1963 to 1979. He and his wife, the Croatian historian Branka Magas, eventually resigned in 1993. Hoare was a founding editor of the journal *Labour Focus on Eastern Europe*, a founding member in 1993 of the Alliance to Defend Bosnia-Herzegovina, and in 1997 became director of the Bosnian Institute.

Hoare edited the Pelican Marx Library, which ran to eight volumes. As a translator, he has worked in several languages, winning major awards for his translations from Italian, French and German: the John Florio Prize in 1978/9 for Antonio Gramsci's *Selections from Political Writings 1921–26*, the Scott Moncrieff Prize in 1984 for Sartre's *War Diaries*, and the Schlegel-Tieck Prize in 1989 for Hermann Grab's short stories.

Hoare's son is the historian Marko Attila Hoare.

## InfoBox

| Quintin Hoare | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1938 (age 8586) |
| Nationality | British |
| Alma mater | Oxford University |
| Occupation(s) | Literary translator and editor |
| Spouse | Branka Magas |
| Children | Marko Attila Hoare |
| Awards | John Florio Prize; Scott Moncrieff Prize; Schlegel-Tieck Prize |


title: Pyrgulopsis perforata

abstract: Pyrgulopsis perforata, is a species of minute freshwater snails with an operculum, aquatic gastropod molluscs or micromolluscs in the family Hydrobiidae. This species is endemic to Grapevine Canyon and the Grapevine Mountains in the Amargosa River basin in Inyo County, California, United States. Its natural habitat is springs.

text:
# Pyrgulopsis perforata

***Pyrgulopsis perforata***, is a species of minute freshwater snails with an operculum, aquatic gastropod molluscs or micromolluscs in the family Hydrobiidae.

This species is endemic to Grapevine Canyon and the Grapevine Mountains in the Amargosa River basin in Inyo County, California, United States. Its natural habitat is springs.

## Description

*Pyrgulopsis perforata* is a small snail that has a maximum height of 2.6 millimetres (0.10 in) and a broad ovate conical shell. It has a larger distal lobe and smaller gland on the penis compared to other *Pyrgulopsis*.

* Hershler, Robert; Liu, Hsiu-Ping; Bradford, Corbin (9 September 2013). "Systematics of a widely distributed western North American springsnail, Pyrgulopsis micrococcus (Caenogastropoda, Hydrobiidae), with descriptions of three new congeners". *ZooKeys* (330): 27–52. doi:10.3897/zookeys.330.5852. PMC 3800804. PMID 24146554. Retrieved 21 June 2017.  via EBSCO's Academic Search Complete (subscription required)

## InfoBox

| *Pyrgulopsis perforata* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Littorinimorpha |
| Family: | Hydrobiidae |
| Genus: | *Pyrgulopsis* |
| Species: | ***P. perforata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pyrgulopsis perforata***<br>Hershler, Liu & Bradford, 2013 | |
|


title: Turzystwo

abstract: Turzystwo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Adamów, within Łuków County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) south-west of Adamów, 28 km (17 mi) south-west of Łuków, and 58 km (36 mi) north-west of the regional capital Lublin.

text:
# Turzystwo

**Turzystwo** \[tuˈʐɨstfɔ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Adamów, within Łuków County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) south-west of Adamów, 28 km (17 mi) south-west of Łuków, and 58 km (36 mi) north-west of the regional capital Lublin.

## InfoBox

| Turzystwo | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Cemetery in the village | |
| Turzystwo | |
| Coordinates: 51°42′15″N 22°11′13″E / 51.70417°N 22.18694°E / 51.70417; 22.18694 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Lublin |
| County | Łuków |
| Gmina | Adamów |
| Population | |
| Total | 410 |


title: Focal Skills

abstract: Focal Skills refers to a specific non-traditional program design and assessment regime that purposely structures intensive foreign or second language instruction to align with student-centered, communicative language teaching that is skills-focused and content-based. Focal Skills restructures program design by sequentially focusing attention on the development of one language skill area at a time until its mastery to a chosen threshold level is reached. Assessments in Listening, Reading, and Writing are used to determine whether the threshold level has been attained. Teaching practices in Focal Skills programs are heavily influenced by the work of Stephen Krashen. There is an emphasis on comprehensible input using authentic materials. Activities that would raise a student's affective filter are generally avoided. The Focal Skills Movie Technique is an example of the kind of teaching used in this approach.

text:
# Focal Skills

**Focal Skills** (or The **Focal Skills Approach**) refers to a specific non-traditional program design and assessment regime that purposely structures intensive foreign or second language instruction to align with student-centered, communicative language teaching that is skills-focused and content-based.

Focal Skills restructures program design by sequentially focusing attention on the development of one language skill area at a time until its mastery to a chosen threshold level is reached. Assessments in Listening, Reading, and Writing are used to determine whether the threshold level has been attained.

Teaching practices in Focal Skills programs are heavily influenced by the work of Stephen Krashen. There is an emphasis on comprehensible input using authentic materials. Activities that would raise a student's affective filter are generally avoided. The Focal Skills Movie Technique is an example of the kind of teaching used in this approach.

## Background

Created in 1988 by Ashley Hastings, Ph.D., the Focal Skills program design took into account research and developments in second language acquisition theory that questioned the efficacy of grammar-based language curricula and the traditional level-based program model developed when structuralist-influenced methodologies dominated the field of intensive second language teaching. In that traditional program model, placement involved determining a student's level and then assigning the student to courses at that level in a number of skill areas (such as Level 4 Reading, Writing, Grammar and Oral Skills). In contrast, the Focal Skills program student is placed into a module of courses that all address the student's weakest skill and focus three fourths of instruction on developing that one skill area. The remaining portion is spent in an elective class selected for that week by the student. The skill modules are sequenced as follows: first the Listening, next Reading, then Writing, and finally, Immersion—where emphasis is on oral skills development and on readying all skills for the specific language environments the student expects to encounter.

The Focal Skills program model was first implemented at the Intensive English as a Second Language Program at the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee and later adopted, in whole or in part, at other intensive programs, including the English Language Programme at the United Nations. Adaptations of the program model have made it workable not only for relatively large programs, such as the ones at UW–Milwaukee, the University of Dallas, and Palo Alto College (San Antonio), but also for relatively small programs, like those at the Intensive English Institute, part of the University of Maine in Orono, Kilgore College (Texas), and Vincennes University (Indiana).

## Outline

Upon entry into a Focal Skills program, the student is given a complete battery of Focal Skills assessments, including Listening, Reading, and Writing tests. These entry scores are used as a baseline for measuring student progress, but the student is immediately placed into the first module in the Focal Skills sequence for which the student has not attained the requisite threshold or pass-out score. If the student does not earn the needed score on the Listening Assessment, the student is placed into the Listening Module for instruction—whether the student has already reached the requisite threshold score in other skill areas or not. After each month of instruction in that module, the student is tested again with an alternate form of the Listening Assessment.

Once the listening skill is mastered to the requisite threshold as evidenced by attainment of the pass-out score, the student's placement moves on to the next skill module in which the student is not currently scoring at or above the threshold level. Skills already developed in the previous modules of the sequence are then maintained and further developed while the skill area of the next module is receiving focused instruction. Thus, a student testing out of the Listening Module and scoring below threshold in Reading at intake testing is given a new form of the Reading Assessment. The results determine whether the student has also attained the threshold score in Reading or will need to spend the next month in Reading Module classes, where—while focusing on reading skills development—the instructional methods will exercise and, so, further develop the student's listening skills as well. Students meeting the threshold on Listening and Reading, but not Writing, are placed into the Writing Module, where they will be exposed to methods that use and further practice their listening and reading skills while focusing on developing their writing skills.

## Movie technique

The Focal Skills Movie Technique (FSMT), also referred to as the Narrative/Paraphrase Approach, is a language-teaching technique originally developed for use in Focal Skills programs. The purpose of FSMT is to provide large quantities of high-interest comprehensible input (see Monitor Theory), which has been identified by researchers, primarily Stephen Krashen, as a necessary element for successful language acquisition.

A teacher using FSMT shows a movie to students, describing the scenes as they occur and paraphrasing dialogue when necessary to help the students understand the story. The narrations and paraphrases are meant to be at a level of language that is just a bit beyond the students’ current proficiency (i+1; see Monitor Theory).

The work of the teacher in this process is vital, as the dialogue in the movie is not likely to be intelligible to the students for whom FSMT is intended. The teacher's task is to use the images, actions, and plot of the movie as supports for the students’ comprehension of the language produced by the teacher.

* Hastings, A. J. (1995). “Chapter 3: The FOCAL SKILLS Approach: An Assessment.” *Second Language Acquisition Theory and Pedagogy*, ed. by F. R. Eckman, D. Highland, P. W. Lee, J. Mileham and R. Rutkowski Weber. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.


title: West Boothbay Harbor, Maine

abstract: West Boothbay Harbor is an unincorporated village in the town of Boothbay Harbor, Lincoln County, Maine, United States. The community is located along Maine State Route 27, 10.7 miles (17.2 km) south of Wiscasset. West Boothbay Harbor has a post office, with ZIP code 04575.

text:
# West Boothbay Harbor, Maine

**West Boothbay Harbor** is an unincorporated village in the town of Boothbay Harbor, Lincoln County, Maine, United States. The community is located along Maine State Route 27, 10.7 miles (17.2 km) south of Wiscasset. West Boothbay Harbor has a post office, with ZIP code 04575.

## InfoBox

| West Boothbay Harbor, Maine | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| West Boothbay HarborWest Boothbay Harbor | |
| Coordinates: 43°50′56″N 69°38′36″W / 43.84889°N 69.64333°W / 43.84889; -69.64333 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Maine |
| County | Lincoln |
| Town | Boothbay Harbor |
| Elevation | 23 ft (7 m) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| ZIP code | 04575 |
| Area code | 207 |
| GNIS feature ID | 578028 |


title: Upward planar drawing

abstract: In graph drawing, an upward planar drawing of a directed acyclic graph is an embedding of the graph into the Euclidean plane, in which the edges are represented as non-crossing monotonic upwards curves. That is, the curve representing each edge should have the property that every horizontal line intersects it in at most one point, and no two edges may intersect except at a shared endpoint. In this sense, it is the ideal case for layered graph drawing, a style of graph drawing in which edges are monotonic curves that may cross, but in which crossings are to be minimized.

text:
# Upward planar drawing

In graph drawing, an **upward planar drawing** of a directed acyclic graph is an embedding of the graph into the Euclidean plane, in which the edges are represented as non-crossing monotonic upwards curves. That is, the curve representing each edge should have the property that every horizontal line intersects it in at most one point, and no two edges may intersect except at a shared endpoint. In this sense, it is the ideal case for layered graph drawing, a style of graph drawing in which edges are monotonic curves that may cross, but in which crossings are to be minimized.

## Characterizations

A directed acyclic graph must be planar in order to have an upward planar drawing, but not every planar acyclic graph has such a drawing. Among the planar directed acyclic graphs with a single source (vertex with no incoming edges) and sink (vertex with no outgoing edges), the graphs with upward planar drawings are the *st*-planar graphs, planar graphs in which the source and sink both belong to the same face of at least one of the planar embeddings of the graph. More generally, a graph *G* has an upward planar drawing if and only if it is directed and acyclic, and is a subgraph of an *st*-planar graph on the same vertex set.

In an upward embedding, the sets of incoming and outgoing edges incident to each vertex are contiguous in the cyclic ordering of the edges at the vertex. A planar embedding of a given directed acyclic graph is said to be *bimodal* when it has this property. Additionally, the angle between two consecutive edges with the same orientation at a given vertex may be labeled as *small* if it is less than π, or *large* if it is greater than π. Each source or sink must have exactly one large angle, and each vertex that is neither a source nor a sink must have none. Additionally, each internal face of the drawing must have two more small angles than large ones, and the external face must have two more large angles than small ones. A *consistent assignment* is a labeling of the angles that satisfies these properties; every upward embedding has a consistent assignment. Conversely, every directed acyclic graph that has a bimodal planar embedding with a consistent assignment has an upward planar drawing, that can be constructed from it in linear time.

Another characterization is possible for graphs with a single source. In this case an upward planar embedding must have the source on the outer face, and every undirected cycle of the graph must have at least one vertex at which both cycle edges are incoming (for instance, the vertex with the highest placement in the drawing). Conversely, if an embedding has both of these properties, then it is equivalent to an upward embedding.

## Computational complexity

Several special cases of upward planarity testing are known to be possible in polynomial time:

* Testing whether a graph is *st*-planar may be accomplished in linear time by adding an edge from *s* to *t* and testing whether the remaining graph is planar. Along the same lines, it is possible to construct an upward planar drawing (when it exists) of a directed acyclic graph with a single source and sink, in linear time.
* Testing whether a directed graph with a fixed planar embedding can be drawn upward planar, with an embedding consistent with the given one, can be accomplished by checking that the embedding is bimodal and modeling the consistent assignment problem as a network flow problem. The running time is linear in the size of the input graph, and polynomial in its number of sources and sinks.
* Because oriented polyhedral graphs have a unique planar embedding, the existence of an upward planar drawing for these graphs may be tested in polynomial time.
* Testing whether an outerplanar directed acyclic graph has an upward planar drawing is also polynomial.
* Every series–parallel graph, oriented consistently with the series–parallel structure, is upward planar. An upward planar drawing can be constructed directly from the series–parallel decomposition of the graph. More generally, arbitrary orientations of undirected series–parallel graphs may be tested for upward planarity in polynomial time.
* Every oriented tree is upward planar.
* Every bipartite planar graph, with its edges oriented consistently from one side of the bipartition to the other, is upward planar
* A more complicated polynomial time algorithm is known for testing upward planarity of graphs that have a single source, but multiple sinks, or vice versa.
* Testing upward planarity can be performed in polynomial time when there are a constant number of triconnected components and cut vertices, and is fixed-parameter tractable in these two numbers. It is also fixed-parameter tractable in the cyclomatic number of the input graph. It is also fixed-parameter tractable in the number of sources (i.e. vertices with no in-edges)
* If the *y*-coordinates of all vertices are fixed, then a choice of *x*-coordinates that makes the drawing upward planar can be found in polynomial time.

However, it is NP-complete to determine whether a planar directed acyclic graph with multiple sources and sinks has an upward planar drawing.

## Straight-line drawing and area requirements

Fáry's theorem states that every planar graph has a drawing in which its edges are represented by straight line segments, and the same is true of upward planar drawing: every upward planar graph has a straight upward planar drawing. A straight-line upward drawing of a transitively reduced *st*-planar graph may be obtained by the technique of dominance drawing, with all vertices having integer coordinates within an *n* × *n* grid. However, certain other upward planar graphs may require exponential area in all of their straight-line upward planar drawings. If a choice of embedding is fixed, even oriented series parallel graphs and oriented trees may require exponential area.

## Hasse diagrams

Upward planar drawings are particularly important for Hasse diagrams of partially ordered sets, as these diagrams are typically required to be drawn upwardly. In graph-theoretic terms, these correspond to the transitively reduced directed acyclic graphs; such a graph can be formed from the covering relation of a partial order, and the partial order itself forms the reachability relation in the graph. If a partially ordered set has one minimal element, has one maximal element, and has an upward planar drawing, then it must necessarily form a lattice, a set in which every pair of elements has a unique greatest lower bound and a unique least upper bound. The Hasse diagram of a lattice is planar if and only if its order dimension is at most two. However, some partial orders of dimension two and with one minimal and maximal element do not have an upward planar drawing (take the order defined by the transitive closure of $a\<b,a\<c,b\<d,b\<e,c\<d,c\<e,d\<f,e\<f$).

Footnotes Surveys and textbooks  * Di Battista, Giuseppe; Eades, Peter; Tamassia, Roberto; Tollis, Ioannis G. (1998), "Flow and Upward Planarity", *Graph Drawing: Algorithms for the Visualization of Graphs*, Prentice Hall, pp. 171–213, ISBN 978-0-13-301615-4.
* Di Battista, Giuseppe; Frati, Fabrizio (2012), "Drawing trees, outerplanar graphs, series–parallel graphs, and planar graphs in small area", *Thirty Essays on Geometric Graph Theory*, Algorithms and combinatorics, vol. 29, Springer, pp. 121–165, doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-0110-0\_9, ISBN 9781461401100. Section 5, "Upward Drawings", pp. 149–151.
* Garg, Ashim; Tamassia, Roberto (1995), "Upward planarity testing", *Order*, **12** (2): 109–133, doi:10.1007/BF01108622, MR 1354797, S2CID 14183717.

Research articles


title: Leopold Kirschner

abstract: Leopold Kirschner was an Austro-Hungarian, Dutch, and New Zealand bacteriologist specializing in leptospirosis. He is known for his work on the survival of Leptospira spp in the environment, research on conditions and media for Leptospira growth, his role in the initial discoveries of leptospirosis in New Zealand, for early epidemiologic descriptions of leptospirosis as an occupational disease of dairy farmers, and for the major pathogenic Leptospira species, Leptospira kirschneri, that was named in his honor.

text:
# Leopold Kirschner

**Leopold Kirschner** (born 12 May 1889, died 23 November 1970) was an Austro-Hungarian, Dutch, and New Zealand bacteriologist specializing in leptospirosis. He is known for his work on the survival of *Leptospira* spp in the environment, research on conditions and media for *Leptospira* growth, his role in the initial discoveries of leptospirosis in New Zealand, for early epidemiologic descriptions of leptospirosis as an occupational disease of dairy farmers, and for the major pathogenic *Leptospira* species, *Leptospira kirschneri,* that was named in his honor.

## Early life and education

Kirschner was born in Andrichau, near Bielitz, in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, (present-day Andrychów, Poland) to Jewish parents. He studied medicine in Vienna. Kirschner's studies were interrupted by service in the medical corps during World War One. Following the fall of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Kirschner followed Professor Robert Doerr, an experimental pathologist, to Amsterdam for further studies at the Koninklijk Instituut voor de Tropen (KIT), the Dutch Royal Tropical Institute. KIT housed the first leptospirosis reference laboratory in Europe.

## Career and research

### Pasteur Institute, Bandung, Dutch East Indies

In 1921 Kirschner joined the Pasteur Institute at Bandung, Java, in the Dutch East Indies (present-day Indonesia) where he served as Deputy Director of the Institute under Louis Otten. The Institute was responsible for preparing vaccines and carrying out diagnostic services for 70 million people. While there, Kirschner undertook important work on the survival in the environment of the bacteria that causes leptospirosis, and he and a colleague developed an effective vaccine against plague, testing early versions on themselves. Kirschner’s work in Java was cut short by the Japanese invasion in 1942. He and wife Alice, a gifted violinist from Vienna, survived and provided considerable covert assistance to other prisoners using his scientific knowledge.

### University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand

Kirschner was recruited to the University of Otago Medical School by Dr – later Sir – Charles Hercus in 1946, to the Medical Research Council Microbiology Unit. At the time of his arrival, New Zealand was considered to be free of leptospirosis, an assumption based in part on the absence of native terrestrial mammalian hosts. However, Kirschner noted that many mammalian species that could serve as hosts of *Leptospira* spp had been introduced to New Zealand, and that measures at ports to prevent rats being imported on ships were weak. Kirschner hypothesized that leptospirosis was very likely to be present and responsible for febrile illness among farmers in New Zealand. He established a leptospirosis reference laboratory at the University of Otago Medical School, confirming with Dr – later Sir – Edward G. Sayers, future Dean of the Otago Medical School, human leptospirosis in New Zealand for the first time in a sharemilker from Auckland in 1949. Then with Mr – later Professor – A. Neil Bruère the first livestock and occupational disease outbreak among dairy farm workers in Westland in 1951. Kirschner promoted close collaboration between human and animal health experts, known today as the ‘One Health’ approach. Kirschner and colleagues went on to describe the major leptospirosis problem among dairy farmers in New Zealand; studied factors supporting and inhibiting *Leptospira* growth; and procedures for the culture, isolation, and identification *Leptospira*. Kirschner was an important early influence on the career of a generation of leptospirosis experts, including Professor Solomon Faine, Monash University, and Professor Roger Marshall, Massey University. Kirschner died in Dunedin on 23 November 1970 and is buried with wife Alice Kirschner at the Dunedin Southern Cemetery.

## Honors and recognition

In 1992 Marshall and colleagues named the major pathogenic *Leptospira* species *Leptospira kirschneri* for Kirschner. A portrait of Kirschner is displayed in the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, 8th Floor, Microbiology Building, University of Otago, and a plaque commemorates the site of his laboratory at room 304, Hercus Building, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.

Dr. Kirschner is recognised in the naming of the Dr. Leopold Kirschner database of *Leptospira* species and serovar isolations and detections from animals worldwide hosted by the University of Otago.


title: Weather risk management

abstract: Weather risk management is a type of risk management done by organizations to address potential financial losses caused by unusual weather.

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# Weather risk management

**Weather risk management** is a type of risk management done by organizations to address potential financial losses caused by unusual weather.

## Overview

Energy, agriculture, transportation, construction, municipalities, school districts, travel, food processors, retail sales and real estate are all examples of industries whose operations and profits can be significantly affected by the weather. Unexpected weather events can cause significant financial losses. For example, unusually mild winters diminish consumer demand for heating and erode the profit margins for utility companies. Weather information and forecasts utilized in risk management decision making is often referred to as meteorological intelligence and offered by companies such as Metswift.

The weather risk market makes it possible to manage the financial impact of weather through risk transfer instruments based on a defined weather element, such as temperature, rain, snow, wind, etc. Weather risk management is a way for organizations to limit their financial exposure to disruptive weather events. By making a payment (a "premium") to a separate company that will assume the financial weather risk for them, an organization essentially is buying a type of insurance - the company assuming the risk will pay the buyer a pre-set amount of money which will correspond to the loss or cost increase caused by the disruptive weather.

Catastrophic weather events such as hurricanes are typically managed through traditional insurance contracts that pay based on indemnity loss. Insurance is a heavily regulated industry with specific requirements and qualification criteria. Due to the indemnity nature of insurance, actual loss must be proven to an insurance carrier before the payment can be processed. In contrast, financial loss such as erosion of margin, portfolio loss or increased expenses usually do not qualify for insurance payouts. Financial instruments such as derivative transactions can provide more flexible and customized risk management opportunities than the typical insurance contracts as they are priced and settled on the parameters of measured weather rather than the associated financial loss.

## Market participants

A wide range of capital providers make markets in weather risk. To date the weather risk management trading market is primarily made up of dedicated weather trading operations, such as Nephila Capital Ltd, Galileo Weather Risk Management Advisors LCC, Swiss Re, RenRe, and Coriolis Capital, who execute trade orders in weather or weather-contingent commodity trades, the trading desks of financial institutions and utilities, such as Susquahanna Energy and Aquila who hedge their own risk as well as speculative trades for a merchant portfolio, professional commodity traders, such as RJO and hedge and private equity funds such as Tudor Capital. Transactions can be effected over-the-counter (OTC) or on commodity exchanges such as The Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME). Still other operations, such as Storm Exchange, Inc(Note: Storm Exchange is now defunct. and WeatherBill (WeatherBill is no longer serving markets outside of Agriculture), privately held eWeatherRisk now provide corporate and municipal clients with the necessary financial context to gauge the impact of the weather on profit and loss before executing trades either OTC or through the CME.

## Regulation

### United States

In the US, the Commodity Exchange Act, Section 5d establishes weather in a category of market exempt from Commission oversight.

Rule 36.2 defines those commodities that are eligible to trade on an exempt board of trade as commodities having:

1. A nearly inexhaustible deliverable supply;
2. A deliverable supply that is sufficiently large, and a cash market sufficiently liquid, to render any contract traded on the commodity highly unlikely to be susceptible to the threat of manipulation;
3. No cash market.

The Commodity Futures Trading Commission determined that weather indices are eligible to be traded on EBOTs by order dated May 30, 2002.

## Tax treatment

### Accounting for OTC weather derivatives as a hedge

Companies that are subject to public disclosure to regulators or their shareholders must demonstrate that the purchase or a sale of a derivatives is true and fair hedge, not speculation. SFAS 133 and IAS provide guidelines on the steps that are required. FAS 133 Accounting for Weather Derivatives: For U.S. accounting standards, Over-the-Counter (OTC) weather derivative transactions can generally get an exemption under derivatives & hedging disclosure rules of Financial Accounting Standard No. 133 section 10 for non-exchange contracts settled on climatic variables, although specific structures and applications have to be assessed for each company environment. All written non–exchanged–traded option–based weather derivatives contracts should be carried at fair value with subsequent changes in fair value reported in current earnings.

### Accounting for Exchange traded and speculative weather derivatives

When they are standardized and traded on exchanges, weather derivatives will fall within the scope of SFAS 133. EITF Issue No 99–2 "Accounting for weather derivatives" provides guidance on accounting for weather derivatives that are not exchange–traded. Entities that enter into speculatives or trading non–exchange derivatives contracts should apply the intrinsic method.

## Notes and references

## Further reading


title: Tom Methven

abstract: Thomas Methven is a former association football player who represented New Zealand at international level. Methven played three official A-international matches for New Zealand in 1948, all against visiting trans-Tasman neighbours Australia, the first a 0–7 loss on 28 August, followed by 0-4 and 1-8 losses on 4 September and 9 September respectively.

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# Tom Methven

**Thomas Methven** is a former association football player who represented New Zealand at international level.

Methven played three official A-international matches for New Zealand in 1948, all against visiting trans-Tasman neighbours Australia, the first a 0–7 loss on 28 August, followed by 0-4 and 1-8 losses on 4 September and 9 September respectively.

## InfoBox

Tom Methven
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Thomas Methven | | |
| Place of birth | Thornton, Fife, Scotland | | |
| Place of death | Auckland, New Zealand | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
|  | Ohakea |  |  |
| International career | | | |
| 1948 | New Zealand | 3 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Pullichroma

abstract: Pullichroma is a monotypic moth genus in the family Geometridae erected by Jeremy Daniel Holloway in 1996. Its only species, Pullichroma pullicosta, was first described by Louis Beethoven Prout in 1931. It is found in Brunei, Indonesia and the Philippines.

text:
# Pullichroma

***Pullichroma*** is a monotypic moth genus in the family Geometridae erected by Jeremy Daniel Holloway in 1996. Its only species, ***Pullichroma pullicosta***, was first described by Louis Beethoven Prout in 1931. It is found in Brunei, Indonesia (Sulawesi, Sumatra) and the Philippines.

## InfoBox

| *Pullichroma* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Geometridae |
| Tribe: | Pseudoterpnini |
| Genus: | *Pullichroma*
Holloway, 1996 |
| Species: | ***P. pullicosta*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pullichroma pullicosta***
(L. B. Prout, 1931) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Actenochroma pullicosta* Prout, 1931 | |


title: Tuyunaspis

abstract: Tuyunaspis is an extinct genus from a well-known class of fossil marine arthropods, the trilobites. It lived during the later part of the Botomian stage, which lasted from approximately 524 to 518.5 million years ago. This faunal stage was part of the Cambrian Period.

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# Tuyunaspis

***Tuyunaspis*** is an extinct genus from a well-known class of fossil marine arthropods, the trilobites. It lived during the later part of the Botomian stage, which lasted from approximately 524 to 518.5 million years ago. This faunal stage was part of the Cambrian Period.

## InfoBox

| *Tuyunaspis*<br>Temporal range: Late Botomian | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
| Fossil | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Trilobita |
| Genus: | ***Tuyunaspis*** |
|