title: Zaviar Gooden

abstract: Zaviar Gooden is an American former professional football player who was a linebacker in the National Football League (NFL). He was selected by the Tennessee Titans in the third round of the 2013 NFL draft. He played college football for the Missouri Tigers. Gooden played with the Titans for two seasons in a reserve role, before being released shortly after the beginning of the 2015 season. In the 2016 regular season, he had brief stints as a backup with the Detroit Lions and the Arizona Cardinals.

text:
# Zaviar Gooden

**Zaviar Gooden** (born August 31, 1990) is an American former professional football player who was a linebacker in the National Football League (NFL). He was selected by the Tennessee Titans in the third round of the 2013 NFL draft. He played college football for the Missouri Tigers.

Gooden played with the Titans for two seasons in a reserve role, before being released shortly after the beginning of the 2015 season. In the 2016 regular season, he had brief stints as a backup with the Detroit Lions and the Arizona Cardinals.

## Early life

Gooden was born in Austin, Texas. He attended Pflugerville High School, and played for he Pflugerville Panthers high school football team. During high school, he played as both a safety and running back. Rivals.com rated Gooden as the 32nd best high school linebacker prospect his age, and the 56th best all round prospect in Texas. He graduated from high school with a 3.9 grade point average (GPA). Gooden received athletic scholarship offers from Oklahoma State, Purdue and Stanford, but chose to attend the University of Missouri.

He also spent four years on the track & field team in high school, competing in the 200-meter, long jump (20 ft 5 in), 4 × 100 m relay (42.98) and 4 × 400 m relay (3:21.17).

## College career

Gooden enrolled in the University of Missouri, where he played for coach Gary Pinkel's Missouri Tigers football team from 2009 to 2012. Before the start of his freshman season, Gooden made the transition from safety to linebacker. During his first season he was used as backup to the starting linebackers, but played in 13 games, making 30 tackles and forcing one fumble.

It was his sophomore season that Gooden became a starter and immediately made a big impact. From the 13 games, he led the team in defense, making 84 tackles and three sacks, breaking up five passes and making two interceptions. He kept up his momentum in his junior season, with 80 tackles, one sack, two interceptions and four broken up passes in his 13 games.

His senior season was broken up by a hamstring injury and he played only 10 games, from which he made 61 tackles and a single interception, which was returned for a touchdown versus Southeastern Louisiana Lions.

## Professional career

Pre-draft measurables
| Height | Weight | Arm length | Hand span | 40-yard dash | 10-yard split | 20-yard split | 20-yard shuttle | Three-cone drill | Vertical jump | Broad jump | Bench press |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 6 ft 1+12 in
(1.87 m) | 234 lb
(106 kg) | 32+14 in
(0.82 m) | 10 in
(0.25 m) | 4.47 s | 1.54 s | 2.58 s | 4.18 s | 6.71 s | 38.5 in
(0.98 m) | 10 ft 11 in
(3.33 m) | 27 reps |
| All values from NFL Combine/Missouri's Pro Day | | | | | | | | | | | | |

### Tennessee Titans

The Tennessee Titans drafted Gooden in the third round with the 97th overall pick of the 2013 NFL draft.

On September 5, 2015, Gooden was placed on injured reserve with a hamstring injury, but was waived the following week.

### Detroit Lions

On May 2, 2016, the Detroit Lions signed Gooden to a one-year contract. On September 3, 2016, he was waived by the Lions. He was signed to the practice squad on September 21, 2016. He was promoted to the active roster on September 24. He was released on September 26 and was re-signed to the practice squad the next day. He was released on October 13, 2016.

### Arizona Cardinals

On November 1, 2016, Gooden was signed to the Arizona Cardinals' practice squad. He was promoted to the active roster on November 18, 2016.

On September 2, 2017, Gooden was released by the Cardinals.

## Coaching career

Gooden joined LSU as an assistant development coach in December 2021.

## InfoBox

Zaviar Gooden
| Gooden with the Cardinals in 2017 | |
| --- | --- |
| LSU Tigers | |
| Position: | Assistant development coach |
| Personal information | |
| Born: | (1990-08-31) August 31, 1990
Austin, Texas, U.S. |
| Height: | 6 ft 1 in (1.85 m) |
| Weight: | 231 lb (105 kg) |
| Career information | |
| High school: | Pflugerville (Pflugerville, Texas) |
| College: | Missouri |
| NFL draft: | 2013 / round: 3 / pick: 97 |
| Career history | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Career NFL statistics | |
| Total tackles: 43 | |
|  | |
| Player stats at **PFR** | |
|  | |


abstract: The men's 100m freestyle S11 event at the 2012 Summer Paralympics took place at the London Aquatics Centre on 31 August. There were two heats; the swimmers with the eight fastest times advanced to the final.

text:
# Swimming at the 2012 Summer Paralympics – Men's 100 metre freestyle S11

The **men's 100m freestyle S11** event at the 2012 Summer Paralympics took place at the London Aquatics Centre on 31 August. There were two heats; the swimmers with the eight fastest times advanced to the final.

## Results

### Heats

Competed from 10:46.

#### Heat 1

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 5 | Hendri Herbst | South Africa | 59.64 | **Q** |
| 2 | 7 | Alexander Chekurov | Russia | 1:01.99 | **Q** |
| 3 | 4 | Enhamed Enhamed | Spain | 1:02.08 | **Q** |
| 4 | 6 | Donovan Tildesley | Canada | 1:02.64 | **Q** |
| 5 | 3 | Grzegorz Polkowski | Poland | 1:02.75 | **Q** |
| 6 | 2 | Viktor Smyrnov | Ukraine | 1:03.26 |  |
| 7 | 1 | Dmytro Zalevskyi | Ukraine | 1:06.29 |  |

#### Heat 2

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 4 | Bradley Snyder | United States | 57.18 | **Q, PR** |
| 2 | 5 | Yang Bozun | China | 57.35 | **Q, AS** |
| 3 | 3 | Keiichi Kimura | Japan | 1:01.58 | **Q** |
| 4 | 7 | Matheus Souza | Brazil | 1:02.99 |  |
| 5 | 2 | Oleksandr Mashchenko | Ukraine | 1:03.62 |  |
| 6 | 6 | Rustam Nurmukhametov | Russia | 1:04.18 |  |
| 7 | 1 | Marcin Ryszka | Poland | 1:06.59 |  |

### Final

Competed at 19:01.

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 4 | Bradley Snyder | United States | 57.43 |  |
|  | 5 | Yang Bozun | China | 58.61 |  |
|  | 3 | Hendri Herbst | South Africa | 59.60 |  |
| 4 | 7 | Enhamed Enhamed | Spain | 1:00.76 |  |
| 5 | 6 | Keiichi Kimura | Japan | 1:01.19 |  |
| 6 | 2 | Alexander Chekurov | Russia | 1:01.56 |  |
| 7 | 1 | Donovan Tildesley | Canada | 1:02.06 |  |
| 8 | 8 | Grzegorz Polkowski | Poland | 1:02.72 |  |

**Q** = qualified for final. **PR** = Paralympic Record. **AS** = Asian Record.

Official London 2012 Paralympics Results: Heats Archived 2012-09-13 at the Wayback Machine
Official London 2012 Paralympics Results: Final Archived 2012-09-13 at the Wayback Machine

## InfoBox

| Men's 100m Freestyle S11<br>at the XIV Paralympic Games | |
| --- | --- |
| Venue | London Aquatics Centre |
| Dates | 31 August |
| Competitors | 14 from 10 nations |
| Winning time | 57.43 |
| Medalists | |
| Bradley Snyder  United States  Yang Bozun  China  Hendri Herbst  South Africa | |
|


abstract: The men's 100m freestyle S5 event at the 2012 Summer Paralympics took place at the London Aquatics Centre on 8 September. There were two heats; the swimmers with the eight fastest times advanced to the final.

text:
# Swimming at the 2012 Summer Paralympics – Men's 100 metre freestyle S5

The **men's 100m freestyle S5** event at the 2012 Summer Paralympics took place at the London Aquatics Centre on 8 September. There were two heats; the swimmers with the eight fastest times advanced to the final.

## Results

### Heats

Competed from 10:24.

#### Heat 1

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 4 | Sebastián Rodríguez | Spain | 1:17.37 | **Q** |
| 2 | 5 | Anthony Stephens | Great Britain | 1:19.05 | **Q** |
| 3 | 3 | Dmytro Kryzhanovskyy | Ukraine | 1:21.61 | **Q** |
| 4 | 6 | Takayuki Suzuki | Japan | 1:25.64 | **Q** |
| 5 | 2 | Matija Grebenic | Croatia | 1:30.23 |  |
| 6 | 7 | Francisco Avelino | Brazil | 1:35.14 |  |

#### Heat 2

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 4 | Daniel Dias | Brazil | 1:14.16 | **Q** |
| 2 | 5 | Roy Perkins | United States | 1:16.78 | **Q** |
| 3 | 6 | Thanh Tung Vo | Vietnam | 1:21.94 | **Q, AS** |
| 4 | 2 | James Scully | Ireland | 1:22.50 | **Q** |
| 5 | 7 | Jonas Larsen | Denmark | 1:28.49 |  |
| 6 | 1 | Beytullah Eroglu | Turkey | 1:38.45 |  |
|  | 3 | Clodoaldo Silva | Brazil | *DSQ* |  |

### Final

Competed at 18:27.

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 4 | Daniel Dias | Brazil | 1:09.35 |  |
|  | 5 | Roy Perkins | United States | 1:14.78 |  |
|  | 3 | Sebastián Rodríguez | Spain | 1:15.70 |  |
| 4 | 2 | Dmytro Kryzhanovskyy | Ukraine | 1:16.88 |  |
| 5 | 6 | Anthony Stephens | Great Britain | 1:17.23 |  |
| 6 | 7 | Thanh Tung Vo | Vietnam | 1:19.83 | **AS** |
| 7 | 1 | James Scully | Ireland | 1:21.89 |  |
| 8 | 8 | Takayuki Suzuki | Japan | 1:24.73 |  |

'**Q** = qualified for final. **AS** = Asian Record. *DSQ* = Disqualified.

Official London 2012 Paralympics Results: Heats Archived 2013-01-27 at archive.today
Official London 2012 Paralympics Results: Final Archived 2013-01-29 at archive.today

## InfoBox

| Men's 100m Freestyle S5<br>at the XIV Paralympic Games | |
| --- | --- |
| Venue | London Aquatics Centre |
| Dates | 8 September |
| Competitors | 13 from 11 nations |
| Winning time | 1:09.35 |
| Medalists | |
| Daniel Dias  Brazil  Roy Perkins  United States  Sebastián Rodríguez  Spain | |
|


abstract: The men's 50 metre backstroke event in swimming at the 2013 World Aquatics Championships took place on 3–4 August at the Palau Sant Jordi in Barcelona, Spain.

text:
# Swimming at the 2013 World Aquatics Championships – Men's 50 metre backstroke

The **men's 50 metre backstroke** event in swimming at the 2013 World Aquatics Championships took place on 3–4 August at the Palau Sant Jordi in Barcelona, Spain.

## Records

Prior to this competition, the existing world and championship records were:

| World record | Liam Tancock (GBR) | **24.04** | Rome, Italy | 2 August 2009 |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Competition record | Liam Tancock (GBR) | **24.04** | Rome, Italy | 2 August 2009 |  |

## Results

### Heats

The heats were held at 10:18.

| Rank | Heat | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 6 | 5 | Daniel Orzechowski | Brazil | 24.67 | Q |
| 2 | 4 | 5 | Aschwin Wildeboer | Spain | 24.72 | Q |
| 3 | 5 | 4 | Jérémy Stravius | France | 24.79 | Q |
| 4 | 5 | 3 | Gerhard Zandberg | South Africa | 24.85 | Q |
| 5 | 6 | 4 | David Plummer | United States | 24.91 | Q |
| 6 | 5 | 5 | Bastiaan Lijesen | Netherlands | 24.94 | Q |
| 7 | 4 | 4 | Camille Lacourt | France | 24.97 | Q |
| 8 | 5 | 7 | Sun Xiaolei | China | 25.01 | Q |
| 8 | 5 | 6 | Guy Barnea | Israel | 25.01 | Q |
| 10 | 6 | 3 | Matt Grevers | United States | 25.08 | Q |
| 11 | 5 | 8 | Lavrans Solli | Norway | 25.15 | Q, **NR** |
| 12 | 6 | 6 | Jonatan Kopelev | Israel | 25.17 | Q |
| 13 | 6 | 7 | Ashley Delaney | Australia | 25.36 | Q |
| 14 | 6 | 2 | Pavel Sankovich | Belarus | 25.40 | Q |
| 15 | 6 | 1 | Federico Grabich | Argentina | 25.44 | Q |
| 16 | 5 | 2 | Juan Miguel Rando | Spain | 25.52 | Q |
| 17 | 4 | 3 | Mirco di Tora | Italy | 25.54 |  |
| 18 | 4 | 7 | Gareth Kean | New Zealand | 25.62 |  |
| 19 | 6 | 8 | I Gede Siman Sudartawa | Indonesia | 25.68 |  |
| 20 | 4 | 8 | Alexis Santos | Portugal | 25.78 | **NR** |
| 21 | 4 | 2 | Cheng Feiyi | China | 25.83 |  |
| 22 | 4 | 1 | Shin Hee-Wong | South Korea | 25.84 |  |
| 23 | 4 | 9 | Felix Wolf | Germany | 25.90 |  |
| 24 | 4 | 0 | Charles Francis | Canada | 26.10 |  |
| 25 | 5 | 1 | Guven Duvan | Turkey | 26.25 |  |
| 26 | 3 | 4 | Martin Baďura | Czech Republic | 26.26 |  |
| 27 | 5 | 9 | Bilal Achelhi | Morocco | 26.27 |  |
| 28 | 6 | 0 | Péter Bernek | Hungary | 26.36 |  |
| 29 | 5 | 0 | Alexandr Tarabrin | Kazakhstan | 26.39 |  |
| 30 | 3 | 5 | Charles Hockin | Paraguay | 26.41 | =**NR** |
| 31 | 6 | 9 | Mohamed Khaled | Egypt | 26.44 |  |
| 32 | 3 | 6 | Artiom Gladun | Moldova | 26.93 |  |
| 33 | 3 | 2 | Jordan Augier | Saint Lucia | 27.16 | **NR** |
| 34 | 3 | 1 | Ngou Pok Man | Macau | 27.18 |  |
| 35 | 3 | 7 | Heshan Unamboowe | Sri Lanka | 27.23 |  |
| 36 | 3 | 3 | Khachik Plavchyan | Armenia | 27.97 | **NR** |
| 37 | 3 | 9 | Hamdan Bayusuf | Kenya | 28.20 |  |
| 38 | 2 | 8 | Mathieu Marquet | Mauritius | 28.54 |  |
| 39 | 3 | 0 | Eisner Barberena | Nicaragua | 28.71 |  |
| 40 | 2 | 5 | Maroun Waked | Lebanon | 29.31 |  |
| 41 | 2 | 3 | Pablo Feo Mato | Andorra | 29.47 |  |
| 42 | 2 | 6 | Erdenemunkh Demuul | Mongolia | 29.82 |  |
| 43 | 2 | 4 | Victor Torres | U.S. Virgin Islands | 30.01 |  |
| 44 | 2 | 2 | Arnold Kisulo | Uganda | 31.08 |  |
| 45 | 2 | 0 | Umarkhon Alizoda | Tajikistan | 33.37 |  |
| 46 | 2 | 9 | Storm Hablich | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 34.20 |  |
| 47 | 1 | 3 | Miraj Prajapati | Nepal | 34.74 |  |
| 48 | 1 | 5 | Ebrahim Al-Maleki | Yemen | 34.84 |  |
| 49 | 1 | 2 | Awoussou Ablam | Benin | 35.85 |  |
| 50 | 2 | 7 | Hamidou Seydou Lansina | Niger | 36.65 |  |
| 51 | 1 | 6 | Sahr James | Sierra Leone | 37.36 |  |
|  | 3 | 8 | Samson Opuakpo | Nigeria |  | DSQ |
|  | 1 | 4 | Abdelrahim Mohamed Abdelrahim | Sudan |  | DNS |
|  | 2 | 1 | Louis Croenen | Belgium |  | DNS |
|  | 4 | 6 | Ryosuke Irie | Japan |  | DNS |

### Semifinals

The semifinals were held at 19.15.

#### Semifinal 1

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 6 | Guy Barnea | Israel | 24.73 | Q |
| 2 | 2 | Matt Grevers | United States | 24.79 | Q |
| 3 | 4 | Aschwin Wildeboer | Spain | 24.90 | Q |
| 4 | 7 | Jonatan Kopelev | Israel | 24.95 | Q |
| 5 | 3 | Bastiaan Lijesen | Netherlands | 24.99 |  |
| 6 | 5 | Gerhard Zandberg | South Africa | 25.24 |  |
| 7 | 8 | Juan Miguel Rando | Spain | 25.28 |  |
| 8 | 1 | Pavel Sankovich | Belarus | 25.36 |  |

#### Semifinal 2

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 6 | Camille Lacourt | France | 24.39 | Q |
| 2 | 5 | Jérémy Stravius | France | 24.45 | Q |
| 3 | 4 | Daniel Orzechowski | Brazil | 24.79 | Q |
| 4 | 2 | Sun Xiaolei | China | 24.95 | Q |
| 5 | 8 | Federico Grabich | Argentina | 25.16 |  |
| 6 | 7 | Lavrans Solli | Norway | 25.18 |  |
| 7 | 1 | Ashley Delaney | Australia | 25.21 |  |
| 8 | 3 | David Plummer | United States | 26.00 |  |

### Final

The final was held at 18:02.

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 4 | Camille Lacourt | France | 24.42 |  |
|  | 5 | Jérémy Stravius | France | 24.54 |  |
|  | 6 | Matt Grevers | United States | 24.54 |  |
| 4 | 7 | Aschwin Wildeboer | Spain | 24.58 |  |
| 5 | 8 | Sun Xiaolei | China | 24.76 | **NR** |
| 6 | 2 | Daniel Orzechowski | Brazil | 24.87 |  |
| 7 | 3 | Guy Barnea | Israel | 25.14 |  |
| 8 | 1 | Jonatan Kopelev | Israel | 25.19 |  |

## InfoBox

| Men's 50 metre backstroke
at the 2013 World Aquatics Championships | |
| --- | --- |
| Venue | Palau Sant Jordi |
| Dates | August 3, 2013 (heats &
semifinals)
August 4, 2013 (final) |
| Competitors | 52 from 47 nations |
| Winning time | 24.42 |
| Medalists | |
| France  France  United States | |
|


abstract: The women's 100 metre butterfly event in swimming at the 2013 World Aquatics Championships took place on 28–29 July at the Palau Sant Jordi in Barcelona, Spain.

text:
# Swimming at the 2013 World Aquatics Championships – Women's 100 metre butterfly

The **women's 100 metre butterfly** event in swimming at the 2013 World Aquatics Championships took place on 28–29 July at the Palau Sant Jordi in Barcelona, Spain.

## Records

Prior to this competition, the existing world and championship records were:

| World record | Dana Vollmer (USA) | **55.98** | London, Great Britain | 29 July 2012 |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Competition record | Sarah Sjöström (SWE) | **56.06** | Rome, Italy | 27 July 2009 |  |

## Results

### Heats

The heats were held at 10:00.

| Rank | Heat | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 6 | 4 | Dana Vollmer | United States | 57.22 | Q |
| 2 | 6 | 5 | Sarah Sjöström | Sweden | 57.28 | Q |
| 3 | 6 | 3 | Katerine Savard | Canada | 57.31 | Q, **NR** |
| 4 | 5 | 4 | Alicia Coutts | Australia | 57.56 | Q |
| 5 | 5 | 5 | Jeanette Ottesen Gray | Denmark | 57.79 | Q |
| 6 | 6 | 6 | Noemie Thomas | Canada | 58.11 | Q |
| 7 | 4 | 5 | Ilaria Bianchi | Italy | 58.22 | Q |
| 8 | 5 | 6 | Brittany Elmslie | Australia | 58.27 | Q |
| 9 | 4 | 6 | Jemma Lowe | Great Britain | 58.38 | Q |
| 10 | 5 | 3 | Claire Donahue | United States | 58.58 | Q |
| 11 | 4 | 8 | Ingvild Snildal | Norway | 58.83 | Q |
| 12 | 4 | 4 | Lu Ying | China | 58.93 | Q |
| 13 | 6 | 2 | Tao Li | Singapore | 58.94 | Q |
| 14 | 5 | 8 | Evelyn Verrasztó | Hungary | 58.95 | Q |
| 15 | 5 | 0 | Daynara de Paula | Brazil | 59.16 | Q |
| 16 | 6 | 0 | Judit Ignacio Sorribes | Spain | 59.18 | QSO |
| 16 | 6 | 7 | Natsumi Hoshi | Japan | 59.18 | QSO |
| 18 | 4 | 3 | Jiao Liuyang | China | 59.21 |  |
| 19 | 5 | 1 | Kimberly Buys | Belgium | 59.28 |  |
| 19 | 5 | 2 | Svetlana Chimrova | Russia | 59.28 |  |
| 21 | 6 | 8 | Katarína Listopadová | Slovakia | 59.34 |  |
| 22 | 6 | 1 | Amit Ivry | Israel | 59.45 |  |
| 23 | 4 | 1 | Sophia Batchelor | New Zealand | 59.46 |  |
| 24 | 3 | 4 | Farida Osman | Egypt | 59.85 |  |
| 25 | 4 | 0 | Elmira Aigaliyeva | Kazakhstan | 1:00.00 |  |
| 26 | 5 | 7 | Louise Hansson | Sweden | 1:00.11 |  |
| 27 | 4 | 2 | Kristel Vourna | Greece | 1:00.33 |  |
| 28 | 4 | 7 | Emilia Pikkarainen | Finland | 1:00.47 |  |
| 29 | 3 | 5 | Jessica Maria Camposano Rios | Colombia | 1:00.65 |  |
| 30 | 4 | 9 | Marne Erasmus | South Africa | 1:00.73 |  |
| 31 | 6 | 9 | Park Jin-Young | South Korea | 1:00.78 |  |
| 32 | 5 | 9 | Sze Hang Yu | Hong Kong | 1:01.01 |  |
| 33 | 3 | 6 | İris Rosenberger | Turkey | 1:01.35 |  |
| 34 | 3 | 3 | Cheng Wan-jung | Chinese Taipei | 1:01.61 |  |
| 35 | 3 | 2 | Jasmine Alkhaldi | Philippines | 1:01.71 |  |
| 36 | 3 | 1 | Loreen Whitfield | American Samoa | 1:02.50 |  |
| 37 | 2 | 7 | Dorian McMenemy | Dominican Republic | 1:03.53 |  |
| 38 | 2 | 4 | Marie Laura Meza | Costa Rica | 1:03.63 |  |
| 39 | 3 | 8 | Monalisa Arieswati | Indonesia | 1:03.93 |  |
| 40 | 2 | 6 | Dalia Tórrez Zamora | Nicaragua | 1:04.43 |  |
| 41 | 2 | 2 | Poula Øssursdóttir Mohr | Faroe Islands | 1:04.58 |  |
| 42 | 3 | 7 | Barbara Caraballo | Puerto Rico | 1:04.65 |  |
| 43 | 3 | 0 | Caroline Puamau | Fiji | 1:04.72 |  |
| 44 | 1 | 3 | Pooja Alva | India | 1:05.70 |  |
| 45 | 2 | 1 | Ana Nobrega | Angola | 1:06.55 |  |
| 46 | 2 | 3 | Noel Borshi | Albania | 1:06.77 |  |
| 47 | 2 | 8 | María José Ribera Pinto | Bolivia | 1:07.02 |  |
| 48 | 2 | 0 | Emily Mueti | Kenya | 1:07.37 |  |
| 49 | 2 | 5 | Amboaratiana Domoinannava | Madagascar | 1:09.30 |  |
| 50 | 3 | 9 | Johanna Umurungi | Rwanda | 1:10.41 |  |
| 51 | 2 | 9 | Su Moe Theint San | Myanmar | 1:10.62 |  |
| 52 | 1 | 4 | Afsana Ismayilova | Azerbaijan | 1:16.58 |  |
| 53 | 1 | 5 | Charissa Panuve | Tonga | 1:21.78 |  |

#### Swim-off

The swim-off was held at 12:09.

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 4 | Natsumi Hoshi | Japan | 58.83 | Q |
| 2 | 5 | Judit Ignacio Sorribes | Spain | 58.87 |  |

### Semifinals

The semifinals were held at 18:02.

#### Semifinal 1

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 4 | Sarah Sjöström | Sweden | 57.10 | Q |
| 2 | 5 | Alicia Coutts | Australia | 57.49 | Q |
| 3 | 3 | Noemie Thomas | Canada | 57.99 | Q |
| 4 | 2 | Claire Donahue | United States | 58.44 | Q |
| 5 | 6 | Brittany Elmslie | Australia | 58.56 |  |
| 6 | 7 | Lu Ying | China | 58.67 |  |
| 7 | 1 | Evelyn Verrasztó | Hungary | 58.74 |  |
| 8 | 8 | Natsumi Hoshi | Japan | 59.42 |  |

#### Semifinal 2

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 3 | Jeanette Ottesen Gray | Denmark | 57.19 | Q |
| 2 | 4 | Dana Vollmer | United States | 57.84 | Q |
| 3 | 5 | Katerine Savard | Canada | 58.00 | Q |
| 4 | 6 | Ilaria Bianchi | Italy | 58.29 | Q |
| 5 | 2 | Jemma Lowe | Great Britain | 58.46 |  |
| 6 | 7 | Ingvild Snildal | Norway | 58.84 |  |
| 7 | 1 | Tao Li | Singapore | 59.02 |  |
| 8 | 8 | Daynara de Paula | Brazil | 59.04 |  |

### Final

The final was held at 18:10.

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 4 | Sarah Sjöström | Sweden | 56.53 |  |
|  | 3 | Alicia Coutts | Australia | 56.97 |  |
|  | 6 | Dana Vollmer | United States | 57.24 |  |
| 4 | 5 | Jeanette Ottesen Gray | Denmark | 57.27 |  |
| 5 | 7 | Katerine Savard | Canada | 57.97 |  |
| 6 | 1 | Ilaria Bianchi | Italy | 58.11 |  |
| 7 | 2 | Noemie Thomas | Canada | 58.13 |  |
| 8 | 8 | Claire Donahue | United States | 58.30 |  |

## InfoBox

| Women's 100 metre butterfly
at the 2013 World Aquatics Championships | |
| --- | --- |
| Venue | Palau Sant Jordi |
| Date | July 28, 2013 (heats &
semifinals)
July 29, 2013 (final) |
| Competitors | 53 from 48 nations |
| Winning time | 56.53 |
| Medalists | |
| Sweden  Australia  United States | |
|


abstract: The men's 1500 metre freestyle event at the 2024 Summer Olympics was held from 3 to 4 August 2024 at the Paris Aquatics Centre.

text:
# Swimming at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Men's 1500 metre freestyle

The **men's 1500 metre freestyle** event at the 2024 Summer Olympics was held from 3 to 4 August 2024 at the Paris Aquatics Centre.

## Records

Prior to this competition, the existing world and Olympic records were as follows.

| **World record** | Sun Yang (CHN) | **14:31.02** | London, United Kingdom | 4 August 2012 |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Olympic record** | Sun Yang (CHN) | **14:31.02** | London, United Kingdom | 4 August 2012 |  |

The following record was established during the competition:

| Date | Round | Name | Nationality | Time | Record |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 4 August | Final | Bobby Finke | United States | 14:30.67 | **WR** |
|

## Qualification

A National Olympic Committee (NOC) may enter a maximum of two qualified athletes in each individual event, but only if both of them have attained the Olympic Qualifying Time (OQT). One athlete per event can potentially enter if they meet the Olympic Consideration Time (OCT), or if the total quota of 852 athletes has not been targeted. NOCs may also permit swimmers regardless of time (one per gender) under a Universality place since they have no swimmers attaining either of the standard entry times (OQT/OCT).

Following the end of the qualification window, World Aquatics will assess the number of swimmers who have achieved the OQT, the number of relay-only swimmers, and the number of Universality places, before inviting those with OCT to fulfill the total quota of 852. Additionally, OCT places will be distributed by event according to the position of the World Aquatics Rankings during the qualifying deadline.

### Time standards

The qualifying time standards must be obtained at the 2023 and 2024 World Championships, continental championships, continental swimming meets, national championships and selection trials, and various international meets approved by World Aquatics in the period between 1 March 2023 and 23 June 2024.

The following table outlines the qualifying time standards for Paris 2024 for this event:

| Men's events | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Event | OQT\* | OCT^ |
| 1500 m freestyle | 15:00.99ª | 15:05.49 |

* OQTs correspond to the time achieved by a fourteenth-place swimmer in his or her respective preliminary heat of each event at the previous Games.

ª Because the fourteenth-place swimmer achieved a standard slower than the OQT in Tokyo 2020, the OQT used at the previous Games will remain constant.

^ OCTs are derived by adding 0.5% of the OQT standard.

## Competition format

The competition consists of two rounds: heats and a final. The swimmers with the best 8 times in the heats advance to the final. Swim-offs are used as necessary to break ties for advancement to the next round.

## Schedule

All times are Central European Summer Time (UTC+2)

| Date | Time | Round |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 3 August 2024 | 10:00 | Heats |
| 4 August 2024 | 17:30 | **Final** |

## Results

### Heats

| Rank | Heat | Lane | Swimmer | Nation | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 3 | 4 | Daniel Wiffen | Ireland | 14:40.34 | Q |
| 2 | 3 | 3 | Gregorio Paltrinieri | Italy | 14:42.56 | Q |
| 3 | 4 | 7 | Ahmed Jaouadi | Tunisia | 14:44.20 | Q |
| 4 | 3 | 6 | David Aubry | France | 14:44.90 | Q |
| 5 | 2 | 4 | Kuzey Tunçelli | Turkey | 14:45.27 | Q |
| 6 | 4 | 4 | Bobby Finke | United States | 14:45.31 | Q |
| 7 | 3 | 1 | Damien Joly | France | 14:45.52 | Q |
| 8 | 4 | 2 | Dávid Betlehem | Hungary | 14:45.59 | Q, **NR** |
| 9 | 4 | 1 | Fei Liwei | China | 14:50.06 |  |
| 10 | 4 | 6 | Sven Schwarz | Germany | 14:51.97 |  |
| 11 | 3 | 8 | Zalán Sárkány | Hungary | 14:52.42 |  |
| 12 | 3 | 7 | Luca de Tullio | Italy | 14:55.61 |  |
| 13 | 3 | 5 | Samuel Short | Australia | 14:58.15 |  |
| 14 | 4 | 5 | Florian Wellbrock | Germany | 15:01.88 |  |
| 15 | 3 | 2 | Daniel Jervis | Great Britain | 15:03.75 |  |
| 16 | 2 | 8 | Krzysztof Chmielewski | Poland | 15:04.99 |  |
| 17 | 2 | 2 | Victor Johansson | Sweden | 15:05.62 |  |
| 18 | 4 | 8 | David Johnston | United States | 15:10.64 |  |
| 19 | 1 | 5 | Dimitrios Markos | Greece | 15:11.19 |  |
| 20 | 2 | 6 | Henrik Christiansen | Norway | 15:14.11 |  |
| 21 | 1 | 4 | Nguyễn Huy Hoàng | Vietnam | 15:18.63 |  |
| 22 | 2 | 3 | Carlos Garach | Spain | 15:20.84 |  |
| 23 | 2 | 1 | Emir Batur Albayrak | Turkey | 15:23.21 |  |
| 24 | 1 | 3 | Rodolfo Falcón Jr | Cuba | 16:00.31 |  |
|  | 4 | 3 | Mykhailo Romanchuk | Ukraine | DNS |  |
|  | 2 | 5 | Marwan Elkamash | Egypt | DNS |  |
|  | 2 | 7 | Vlad Stancu | Romania | DNS |  |

### Final

| Rank | Lane | Swimmer | Nation | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 7 | Bobby Finke | United States | 14:30.67 | **WR** |
|  | 5 | Gregorio Paltrinieri | Italy | 14:34.55 |  |
|  | 4 | Daniel Wiffen | Ireland | 14:39.63 |  |
| 4 | 8 | Dávid Betlehem | Hungary | 14:40.91 | **NR** |
| 5 | 2 | Kuzey Tunçelli | Turkey | 14:41.22 | **WJ**, **NR** |
| 6 | 3 | Ahmed Jaouadi | Tunisia | 14:43.35 |  |
| 7 | 6 | David Aubry | France | 14:44.66 | **NR** |
| 8 | 1 | Damien Joly | France | 14:52.61 |  |

## InfoBox

| Men's 1500 metre freestyle
at the Games of the XXXIII Olympiad | |
| --- | --- |
| Venue | Olympic Aquatics Centre,
Paris La Défense Arena |
| Dates | 3 August 2024
(Heats)
4 August 2024
(Final) |
| Competitors | 24 from 18 nations |
| Winning time | 14:30.67 **WR** |
| Medalists | |
| Bobby Finke  United States  Gregorio Paltrinieri  Italy  Daniel Wiffen  Ireland | |
|


abstract: The women's 100 metre butterfly event at the 2016 Summer Olympics took place on 6–7 August at the Olympic Aquatics Stadium.

text:
# Swimming at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Women's 100 metre butterfly

The **women's 100 metre butterfly** event at the 2016 Summer Olympics took place on 6–7 August at the Olympic Aquatics Stadium.

## Summary

Swedish swimmer Sarah Sjöström overturned her own existing world record to become the country's first Olympic champion in the pool since Lars Frölander topped the podium on the male counterpart of this event in 2000. She maintained an enormous lead from the start to capture her first Olympic gold medal with a 55.48, shaving 0.16 seconds off from her own world record. Canada's 16-year-old Penny Oleksiak came from third at the initial length to smash a new junior World and Canadian record for the silver in 56.46, touching out U.S. swimmer and reigning Olympic titleholder Dana Vollmer, who claimed the bronze in 56.63, by just 0.17 of a second.

Chinese teammates Chen Xinyi (56.72) and London 2012 runner-up Lu Ying (56.76) picked up the fourth and fifth spots respectively, separated by 0.04-second margin. Meanwhile, teenager Rikako Ikee cracked a 57-second barrier with a Japanese record and a sixth-place finish in 56.86. Australia's Emma McKeon (57.05) and Denmark's four-time Olympian Jeanette Ottesen (57.17) rounded out the championship field. In December 2016, Chen Xinyi was disqualified after failing a drugs test.

Earlier in the semifinals, Sjöström established a new Olympic record time of 55.84 to take the top seed for a historic finale, slicing 0.14 seconds off from the standard held by Vollmer at the previous Games.

The medals for the competition were presented by Gunilla Lindberg, Sweden, IOC member, and the gifts were presented by Mr. Pipat Paniangvait, Honorary Treasurer of the FINA.

## Records

Prior to this competition, the existing world and Olympic records were as follows:

| **World record** | Sarah Sjöström (SWE) | **55.64** | Kazan, Russia | 3 August 2015 |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Olympic record** | Dana Vollmer (USA) | **55.98** | London, United Kingdom | 29 July 2012 |  |

The following records were established during the competition:

| Date | Event | Name | Nationality | Time | Record |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 6 August | Semifinal 2 | Sarah Sjöström | Sweden | 55.84 | **OR** |
| 7 August | Final | Sarah Sjöström | Sweden | 55.48 | **WR** |

## Competition format

The competition consisted of three rounds: heats, semifinals, and a final. The swimmers with the best 16 times in the heats advanced to the semifinals. The swimmers with the best 8 times in the semifinals advanced to the final. Swim-offs were used as necessary to break ties for advancement to the next round.

## Results

### Heats

| Rank | Heat | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 6 | 4 | Sarah Sjöström | Sweden | 56.26 | Q |
| 2 | 4 | 5 | Dana Vollmer | United States | 56.56 | Q |
| 3 | 6 | 3 | Penny Oleksiak | Canada | 56.73 | Q, **WJ**, **NR** |
| 4 | 5 | 4 | Kelsi Dahlia | United States | 56.97 | Q |
| 5 | 6 | 6 | Lu Ying | China | 57.08 | Q |
| 6 | 6 | 5 | Jeanette Ottesen | Denmark | 57.15 | Q |
| 7 | 4 | 4 | Chen Xinyi | China | 57.17 | Q |
| 8 | 6 | 2 | Rikako Ikee | Japan | 57.27 | Q, **NR** |
| 9 | 5 | 5 | Emma McKeon | Australia | 57.33 | Q |
| 10 | 4 | 6 | Liliána Szilágyi | Hungary | 57.70 | Q |
| 11 | 5 | 2 | An Se-hyeon | South Korea | 57.80 | Q |
| 12 | 4 | 7 | Farida Osman | Egypt | 57.83 | Q, **AF** |
| 13 | 4 | 8 | Kimberly Buys | Belgium | 57.91 | Q |
| 14 | 3 | 5 | Daynara de Paula | Brazil | 57.92 | Q |
| 15 | 3 | 3 | Natsumi Hoshi | Japan | 58.15 | Q |
| | 5 | 7 | Daiene Dias | Brazil | | Q |
| 17 | 4 | 3 | Madeline Groves | Australia | 58.17 |  |
| 18 | 4 | 1 | Anna Ntountounaki | Greece | 58.27 |  |
| | 5 | 3 | Noemie Thomas | Canada | |  |
| 20 | 6 | 7 | Svetlana Chimrova | Russia | 58.41 |  |
| 21 | 5 | 6 | Ilaria Bianchi | Italy | 58.48 |  |
| 22 | 4 | 2 | Alexandra Wenk | Germany | 58.49 |  |
| 23 | 6 | 8 | Kristel Vourna | Greece | 58.89 |  |
| 24 | 5 | 8 | Marie Wattel | France | 58.90 |  |
| 25 | 3 | 6 | Béryl Gastaldello | France | 58.93 |  |
| 26 | 6 | 1 | Nataliya Lovtsova | Russia | 59.19 |  |
| 27 | 2 | 4 | Amit Ivry | Israel | 59.42 |  |
| 28 | 3 | 7 | Lucie Svěcená | Czech Republic | 59.45 |  |
| | 3 | 8 | Danielle Villars | Switzerland | |  |
| 30 | 3 | 4 | Katarína Listopadová | Slovakia | 59.57 |  |
| 31 | 3 | 1 | Judit Ignacio | Spain | 59.61 |  |
| 32 | 5 | 1 | Louise Hansson | Sweden | 59.73 |  |
| 33 | 3 | 2 | Helena Gasson | New Zealand | 59.82 |  |
| 34 | 2 | 3 | Darya Stepanyuk | Ukraine | 1:00.81 |  |
| 35 | 2 | 5 | Quah Ting Wen | Singapore | 1:00.88 |  |
| 36 | 2 | 2 | Amina Kajtaz | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 1:01.67 |  |
| 37 | 2 | 6 | Marie Laura Meza | Costa Rica | 1:02.01 |  |
| 38 | 2 | 7 | Sotiria Neofytou | Cyprus | 1:02.91 |  |
| 39 | 2 | 1 | Jannah Sonnenschein | Mozambique | 1:04.21 |  |
| 40 | 2 | 8 | Dalia Tórrez Zamora | Nicaragua | 1:05.81 |  |
| 41 | 1 | 4 | Yusra Mardini | Refugee Olympic Team | 1:09.21 |  |
| 42 | 1 | 5 | Oreoluwa Cherebin | Grenada | 1:10.40 |  |
| 43 | 1 | 6 | Nooran Ba Matraf | Yemen | 1:11.16 |  |
| 44 | 1 | 3 | Johanna Umurungi | Rwanda | 1:11.92 |  |
| 45 | 1 | 2 | Nada Arkaji | Qatar | 1:18.86 |  |

### Semifinals

#### Semifinal 1

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 6 | Rikako Ikee | Japan | 57.05 | Q, **NR** |
| 2 | 4 | Dana Vollmer | United States | 57.06 | Q |
| 3 | 3 | Jeanette Ottesen | Denmark | 57.47 | Q |
| 4 | 5 | Kelsi Dahlia | United States | 57.54 |  |
| 5 | 7 | Farida Osman | Egypt | 58.26 |  |
| 6 | 2 | Liliána Szilágyi | Hungary | 58.31 |  |
| 7 | 8 | Daiene Dias | Brazil | 58.52 |  |
| 8 | 1 | Daynara de Paula | Brazil | 58.65 |  |

#### Semifinal 2

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 4 | Sarah Sjöström | Sweden | 55.84 | Q, **OR** |
| 2 | 2 | Emma McKeon | Australia | 56.81 | Q |
| 3 | 5 | Penny Oleksiak | Canada | 57.10 | Q |
| 4 | 3 | Lu Ying | China | 57.15 | Q |
| 5 | 6 | Chen Xinyi | China | 57.51 | Q |
| 6 | 7 | An Se-hyeon | South Korea | 57.95 |  |
| 7 | 8 | Natsumi Hoshi | Japan | 58.03 |  |
| 8 | 1 | Kimberly Buys | Belgium | 58.63 |  |

### Final

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 4 | Sarah Sjöström | Sweden | 55.48 | **WR** |
|  | 2 | Penny Oleksiak | Canada | 56.46 | **WJ**, **NR** |
|  | 6 | Dana Vollmer | United States | 56.63 |  |
| 4 | 7 | Lu Ying | China | 56.76 |  |
| 5 | 3 | Rikako Ikee | Japan | 56.86 | **NR** |
| 6 | 5 | Emma McKeon | Australia | 57.05 |  |
| 7 | 1 | Jeanette Ottesen | Denmark | 57.17 |  |
| \[a\] | 8 | Chen Xinyi | China | DSQ |  |

**Chen**  \- On 10 December 2016, FINA confirmed that Chen, who had originally placed 4th, tested positive for unlawful substances at the Games. Her results were voided, and she was given a two year ban from competing.

## InfoBox

| Women's 100 metre butterfly
at the Games of the XXXI Olympiad | |
| --- | --- |
| Venue | Olympic Aquatics Stadium |
| Dates | 6 August 2016 (heats &
semifinals)
7 August 2016 (final) |
| Competitors | 45 from 35 nations |
| Winning time | 55.48 **WR** |
| Medalists | |
| Sarah Sjöström  Sweden  Penny Oleksiak  Canada  Dana Vollmer  United States | |
|


abstract: The women's 100 metre backstroke event at the 2016 Summer Olympics took place on 7–8 August at the Olympic Aquatics Stadium.

text:
# Swimming at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Women's 100 metre backstroke

The **women's 100 metre backstroke** event at the 2016 Summer Olympics took place on 7–8 August at the Olympic Aquatics Stadium.

## Summary

After a world-record breaking victory in the 400 m individual medley two days earlier, Hungary's Katinka Hosszú touched out the U.S. swimmer Kathleen Baker at the home stretch to capture the sprint backstroke crown, and her second gold medal at these Games. Approaching the 50-metre lap, Baker pulled herself ahead of the field with a marginal lead, but Hosszú passed the American at the final 25-metre stretch to touch the wall first with a Hungarian record of 58.45. Falling three tenths of a second short of the Olympic title, Baker picked up the silver instead at 58.75. Meanwhile, Canada's Kylie Masse and China's Fu Yuanhui tied for the bronze in a matching 58.76, breaking their national records respectively.

Trailing Hosszú by a 0.35-second margin, Denmark's Mie Nielsen finished off the podium with a fifth-place time in 58.80, while Baker's teammate Olivia Smoliga moved up to sixth with a 58.95. London 2012 silver medalist and reigning World champion Emily Seebohm faded to seventh in 59.19, with fellow Australian swimmer Madison Wilson (59.23) finishing behind her by 0.04 of a second to round out the championship field.

The medals for the competition were presented by Frankie Fredericks, Namibia, IOC member, and the gifts were presented by Ben Ekumbo, Bureau Member of the FINA.

## Records

Prior to this competition, the existing world and Olympic records were as follows.

| **World record** | Gemma Spofforth (GBR) | **58.12** | Rome, Italy | 28 July 2009 |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Olympic record** | Emily Seebohm (AUS) | **58.23** | London, United Kingdom | 29 July 2012 |  |

## Competition format

The competition consisted of three rounds: heats, semifinals, and a final. The swimmers with the best 16 times in the heats advanced to the semifinals. The swimmers with the best 8 times in the semifinals advanced to the final. Swim-offs were used as necessary to break ties for advancement to the next round.

## Results

### Heats

| Rank | Heat | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 4 | 3 | Kathleen Baker | United States | 58.84 | Q |
| 2 | 5 | 4 | Emily Seebohm | Australia | 58.99 | Q |
| 3 | 5 | 3 | Kylie Masse | Canada | 59.07 | Q |
| 4 | 4 | 4 | Mie Nielsen | Denmark | 59.13 | Q |
| | 5 | 5 | Katinka Hosszú | Hungary | | Q |
| 6 | 3 | 5 | Olivia Smoliga | United States | 59.60 | Q |
| 7 | 4 | 6 | Georgia Davies | Great Britain | 59.86 | Q |
| 8 | 3 | 4 | Madison Wilson | Australia | 59.92 | Q |
| 9 | 4 | 5 | Fu Yuanhui | China | 1:00.02 | Q |
| 10 | 3 | 3 | Anastasia Fesikova | Russia | 1:00.04 | Q |
| 11 | 3 | 2 | Kirsty Coventry | Zimbabwe | 1:00.13 | Q |
| 12 | 5 | 2 | Dominique Bouchard | Canada | 1:00.18 | Q |
| 13 | 4 | 8 | Matea Samardžić | Croatia | 1:00.46 | Q |
| 14 | 4 | 2 | Wang Xueer | China | 1:00.59 | Q |
| 15 | 4 | 1 | Duane da Rocha | Spain | 1:00.87 | Q |
| 16 | 3 | 7 | Eygló Ósk Gústafsdóttir | Iceland | 1:00.89 | Q |
| 17 | 3 | 8 | Simona Baumrtová | Czech Republic | 1:01.08 |  |
| 18 | 5 | 1 | Kira Toussaint | Netherlands | 1:01.17 |  |
| 19 | 2 | 5 | Claudia Lau | Hong Kong | 1:01.27 |  |
| 20 | 5 | 8 | Yekaterina Rudenko | Kazakhstan | 1:01.28 |  |
| 21 | 2 | 4 | Alicja Tchórz | Poland | 1:01.31 |  |
| 22 | 4 | 7 | Katarína Listopadová | Slovakia | 1:01.43 |  |
| 23 | 3 | 6 | Daria Ustinova | Russia | 1:01.45 |  |
| 24 | 3 | 1 | Mimosa Jallow | Finland | 1:01.58 |  |
| 25 | 5 | 6 | Etiene Medeiros | Brazil | 1:01.70 |  |
| 26 | 5 | 7 | Natsumi Sakai | Japan | 1:01.74 |  |
| 27 | 2 | 3 | Alexus Laird | Seychelles | 1:03.33 |  |
| 28 | 2 | 2 | Kimiko Raheem | Sri Lanka | 1:04.21 |  |
| 29 | 2 | 6 | Lara Butler | Cayman Islands | 1:04.98 | **NR** |
| 30 | 2 | 1 | Caylee Watson | Virgin Islands | 1:07.19 | **NR** |
| 31 | 1 | 4 | Gaurika Singh | Nepal | 1:08.45 |  |
| 32 | 1 | 5 | Evelina Afoa | Samoa | 1:08.74 |  |
| 33 | 2 | 7 | Talisa Lanoe | Kenya | 1:10.02 |  |
| 34 | 1 | 3 | Rita Zeqiri | Kosovo | 1:12.31 | **NR** |

### Semifinals

#### Semifinal 1

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 6 | Madison Wilson | Australia | 59.03 | Q |
| 2 | 5 | Mie Nielsen | Denmark | 59.18 | Q |
| 3 | 4 | Emily Seebohm | Australia | 59.32 | Q |
| 4 | 3 | Olivia Smoliga | United States | 59.35 | Q |
| 5 | 2 | Anastasia Fesikova | Russia | 59.68 |  |
| 6 | 7 | Dominique Bouchard | Canada | 1:00.54 |  |
| 7 | 8 | Eygló Ósk Gústafsdóttir | Iceland | 1:00.65 |  |
| 8 | 1 | Wang Xueer | China | 1:01.44 |  |

#### Semifinal 2

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 4 | Kathleen Baker | United States | 58.84 | Q |
| 2 | 3 | Katinka Hosszú | Hungary | 58.94 | Q |
| 3 | 2 | Fu Yuanhui | China | 58.95 | Q |
| 4 | 5 | Kylie Masse | Canada | 59.06 | Q, **NR** |
| 5 | 6 | Georgia Davies | Great Britain | 59.85 |  |
| 6 | 7 | Kirsty Coventry | Zimbabwe | 1:00.26 |  |
| 7 | 1 | Matea Samardžić | Croatia | 1:00.60 |  |
| 8 | 8 | Duane da Rocha | Spain | 1:00.85 |  |

### Final

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 5 | Katinka Hosszú | Hungary | 58.45 | **NR** |
|  | 4 | Kathleen Baker | United States | 58.75 |  |
|  | 2 | Kylie Masse | Canada | 58.76 | **NR** |
| | 3 | Fu Yuanhui | China | | **NR** |
| 5 | 7 | Mie Nielsen | Denmark | 58.80 |  |
| 6 | 8 | Olivia Smoliga | United States | 58.95 |  |
| 7 | 1 | Emily Seebohm | Australia | 59.19 |  |
| 8 | 6 | Madison Wilson | Australia | 59.23 |  |

## InfoBox

| Women's 100 metre backstroke
at the Games of the XXXI Olympiad | |
| --- | --- |
| Venue | Olympic Aquatics Stadium |
| Dates | 7 August 2016 (heats &
semifinals)
8 August 2016 (final) |
| Competitors | 34 from 28 nations |
| Winning time | 58.45 |
| Medalists | |
| Katinka Hosszú  Hungary  Kathleen Baker  United States  Kylie Masse  Canada  Fu Yuanhui  China | |
|


abstract: The women's 200 metre breaststroke event at the 2016 Summer Olympics took place on 10–11 August at the Olympic Aquatics Stadium.

text:
# Swimming at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Women's 200 metre breaststroke

The **women's 200 metre breaststroke** event at the 2016 Summer Olympics took place on 10–11 August at the Olympic Aquatics Stadium.

## Summary

Japan's Rie Kaneto pulled away from a tightly-packed field over a wide margin to become the country's third gold medalist in the event's history, since Hideko Maehata topped the podium in 1936, and Kyoko Iwasaki in 1992. She swam through the final lap to a decisive gold-medal triumph in 2:20.30, but fell short of her attempt to overhaul a sub-2:20 range at the Games. Russia's Yuliya Yefimova launched a late charge on the home stretch to get her second silver of the meet in 2:21.97. Meanwhile, China's Shi Jinglin rebounded from an out-of-medal feat in the 100 m breaststroke three days earlier to earn the bronze with a 2:22.28, beating Great Britain's Chloe Tutton (2:22.34) by just six hundredths of a second.

Australia's Taylor McKeown seized a substantial lead through the initial half of the race, but slipped shortly off the podium to fifth in 2:22.43. Tutton's teammate Molly Renshaw, who scratched the existing British record earlier in the semifinals, picked up a sixth spot in 2:22.72. Outside the 2:22 club, Canada's Kierra Smith (2:23.19) and Denmark's world-record holder Rikke Møller Pedersen (2:23.74) rounded out the field.

Tandem Molly Hannis and Lilly King, the newly-crowned Olympic champion of the 100 m breaststroke, had put their medal hunt to an end in this event, as neither of them advanced to the final. Other notable swimmers missed the top eight roster, featuring Japan's Kanako Watanabe, the 2015 world champion, and Turkey's Viktoriya Zeynep Güneş, the fastest pre-race seed headed to the Games.

The medals for the competition were presented by Yumilka Ruiz, IOC member from Colombia, and the gifts were presented by Kazuo Sano, executive member of the FINA.

## Records

Prior to this competition, the existing world and Olympic records were as follows.

| **World record** | Rikke Møller Pedersen (DEN) | **2:19.11** | Barcelona, Spain | 1 August 2013 |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Olympic record** | Rebecca Soni (USA) | **2:19.59** | London, United Kingdom | 2 August 2012 |  |

## Competition format

The competition consisted of three rounds: heats, semifinals, and a final. The swimmers with the best 16 times in the heats advanced to the semifinals. The swimmers with the best 8 times in the semifinals advanced to the final. Swim-offs were used as necessary to break ties for advancement to the next round.

## Results

### Heats

| Rank | Heat | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 2 | 5 | Rikke Møller Pedersen | Denmark | 2:22.72 | Q |
| 2 | 3 | 4 | Rie Kaneto | Japan | 2:22.86 | Q |
| 3 | 3 | 5 | Taylor McKeown | Australia | 2:23.00 | Q |
| 4 | 3 | 3 | Chloe Tutton | Great Britain | 2:23.34 | Q |
| 5 | 2 | 6 | Molly Renshaw | Great Britain | 2:23.37 | Q |
| 6 | 4 | 6 | Kierra Smith | Canada | 2:23.69 | Q |
| 7 | 4 | 4 | Viktoriya Zeynep Güneş | Turkey | 2:23.83 | Q |
| 8 | 4 | 5 | Yuliya Yefimova | Russia | 2:23.90 | Q |
| 9 | 4 | 3 | Shi Jinglin | China | 2:24.33 | Q |
| 10 | 3 | 6 | Hrafnhildur Lúthersdóttir | Iceland | 2:24.43 | Q |
| 11 | 2 | 3 | Jessica Vall | Spain | 2:24.55 | Q |
| 12 | 4 | 7 | Molly Hannis | United States | 2:24.74 | Q |
| 13 | 2 | 4 | Kanako Watanabe | Japan | 2:24.77 | Q |
| 14 | 4 | 1 | Jenna Laukkanen | Finland | 2:25.52 | Q |
| 15 | 2 | 2 | Lilly King | United States | 2:25.89 | Q |
| 16 | 2 | 7 | Sofiya Andreeva | Russia | 2:26.58 | Q |
| 17 | 4 | 2 | Fanny Lecluyse | Belgium | 2:27.16 |  |
| 18 | 3 | 1 | Martina Moravčíková | Czech Republic | 2:27.51 |  |
| 19 | 3 | 8 | Dalma Sebestyén | Hungary | 2:27.94 |  |
| 20 | 2 | 8 | Anna Sztankovics | Hungary | 2:27.97 |  |
| 21 | 1 | 4 | Julia Sebastián | Argentina | 2:27.98 |  |
| 22 | 3 | 2 | Georgia Bohl | Australia | 2:28.24 |  |
| 23 | 3 | 7 | Martha McCabe | Canada | 2:28.62 |  |
| 24 | 4 | 8 | Yu Jingyao | China | 2:28.65 |  |
| 25 | 1 | 3 | Fiona Doyle | Ireland | 2:29.76 |  |
| 26 | 1 | 2 | Sophie Hansson | Sweden | 2:30.59 |  |
| 27 | 1 | 7 | Aļona Ribakova | Latvia | 2:30.82 |  |
| 28 | 1 | 6 | Amit Ivry | Israel | 2:31.49 |  |
| 29 | 2 | 1 | Back Su-yeon | South Korea | 2:32.79 |  |
|  | 1 | 5 | Yvette Kong | Hong Kong | DNS |  |

### Semifinals

#### Semifinal 1

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 4 | Rie Kaneto | Japan | 2:22.11 | Q |
| 2 | 6 | Yuliya Yefimova | Russia | 2:22.52 | Q |
| 3 | 5 | Chloe Tutton | Great Britain | 2:22.71 | Q |
| 4 | 3 | Kierra Smith | Canada | 2:22.87 | Q |
| 5 | 2 | Hrafnhildur Lúthersdóttir | Iceland | 2:24.41 |  |
| 6 | 1 | Jenna Laukkanen | Finland | 2:25.14 | **NR** |
| 7 | 8 | Sofiya Andreeva | Russia | 2:25.90 |  |
| 8 | 7 | Molly Hannis | United States | 2:26.80 |  |

#### Semifinal 2

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 5 | Taylor McKeown | Australia | 2:21.69 | Q |
| 2 | 3 | Molly Renshaw | Great Britain | 2:22.33 | Q, **NR** |
| 3 | 2 | Shi Jinglin | China | 2:22.37 | Q |
| 4 | 4 | Rikke Møller Pedersen | Denmark | 2:22.45 | Q |
| 5 | 6 | Viktoriya Zeynep Güneş | Turkey | 2:23.49 |  |
| 6 | 7 | Jessica Vall | Spain | 2:24.22 |  |
| 7 | 8 | Lilly King | United States | 2:24.59 |  |
| 8 | 1 | Kanako Watanabe | Japan | 2:25.10 |  |

### Final

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 5 | Rie Kaneto | Japan | 2:20.30 |  |
|  | 7 | Yuliya Yefimova | Russia | 2:21.97 |  |
|  | 6 | Shi Jinglin | China | 2:22.28 |  |
| 4 | 1 | Chloe Tutton | Great Britain | 2:22.34 |  |
| 5 | 4 | Taylor McKeown | Australia | 2:22.43 |  |
| 6 | 3 | Molly Renshaw | Great Britain | 2:22.72 |  |
| 7 | 8 | Kierra Smith | Canada | 2:23.19 |  |
| 8 | 2 | Rikke Møller Pedersen | Denmark | 2:23.74 |  |

## InfoBox

| Women's 200 metre breaststroke
at the Games of the XXXI Olympiad | |
| --- | --- |
| Venue | Olympic Aquatics Stadium |
| Dates | 10 August 2016 (heats &
semifinals)
11 August 2016 (final) |
| Competitors | 30 from 22 nations |
| Winning time | 2:20.30 |
| Medalists | |
| Rie Kaneto  Japan  Yuliya Yefimova  Russia  Shi Jinglin  China | |
|


abstract: The women's 200 metre freestyle event at the 2016 Summer Olympics took place 8–9 August at the Olympic Aquatics Stadium.

text:
# Swimming at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Women's 200 metre freestyle

The **women's 200 metre freestyle** event at the 2016 Summer Olympics took place 8–9 August at the Olympic Aquatics Stadium.

## Summary

After a world-record breaking victory in the 400 m freestyle two days earlier, U.S. distance ace Katie Ledecky pulled away from the field to capture the Olympic mid-distance freestyle crown and her second individual gold at these Games. Hanging with the leaders at the 150-metre turn, Ledecky fended off Sweden's Sarah Sjöström towards a gold-medal finish in 1:53.73. Despite trying to hold on Ledecky at the final lap, Sjöström was unable to catch her near the wall, and settled for the silver in 1:54.08. Meanwhile, Australia's Emma McKeon moved up from one of the outside lanes to take home the bronze in 1:54.92.

Italy's world-record holder Federica Pellegrini dropped off the podium for the second straight Olympics to fourth in 1:55.18, charging a 0.07-second edge ahead of China's Shen Duo and McKeon's countrywoman Bronte Barratt, bronze medalist from London 2012, both of whom shared the fifth-place time with a matching 1:55.25. Sjöström's teammate Michelle Coleman grabbed the penultimate spot of the top eight in 1:56.27, with France's Charlotte Bonnet (1:56.29) narrowly trailing her by 0.02 of a second to round out the field.

Notable swimmers missed the final roster, including four-time Olympic gold medalist Missy Franklin, who tied for thirteenth with Hong Kong's Siobhán Haughey (1:57.56) in the semifinals.

In the medal ceremony, the medals for the competition were presented by Franco Carraro, Italy, IOC member, and the gifts were presented by Paolo Barelli, Italy, Honorary Secretary of FINA.

## Records

Prior to this competition, the existing world and Olympic records were as follows.

| **World record** | Federica Pellegrini (ITA) | **1:52.98** | Rome, Italy | 29 July 2009 |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Olympic record** | Allison Schmitt (USA) | **1:53.61** | London, United Kingdom | 31 July 2012 |  |

## Competition format

The competition consisted of three rounds: heats, semifinals, and a final. The swimmers with the best 16 times in the heats advanced to the semifinals. The swimmers with the best 8 times in the semifinals advanced to the final. Swim-offs were used as necessary to break ties for advancement to the next round.

## Results

### Heats

| Rank | Heat | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 5 | 4 | Katie Ledecky | United States | 1:55.01 | Q |
| 2 | 5 | 5 | Emma McKeon | Australia | 1:55.80 | Q |
| 3 | 6 | 4 | Sarah Sjöström | Sweden | 1:56.11 | Q |
| 4 | 6 | 6 | Charlotte Bonnet | France | 1:56.26 | Q |
| 5 | 4 | 4 | Federica Pellegrini | Italy | 1:56.37 | Q |
| 6 | 6 | 3 | Shen Duo | China | 1:56.52 | Q |
| 7 | 5 | 3 | Michelle Coleman | Sweden | 1:56.54 | Q |
| 8 | 4 | 6 | Ai Yanhan | China | 1:56.77 | Q |
| 9 | 3 | 6 | Siobhán Haughey | Hong Kong | 1:56.91 | Q, **NR** |
| 10 | 5 | 6 | Bronte Barratt | Australia | 1:56.93 | Q |
| 11 | 4 | 3 | Veronika Popova | Russia | 1:57.08 | Q |
| 12 | 4 | 5 | Missy Franklin | United States | 1:57.12 | Q |
| 13 | 3 | 5 | Katerine Savard | Canada | 1:57.15 | Q |
| 14 | 6 | 8 | Manuella Lyrio | Brazil | 1:57.28 | Q, **SA** |
| 15 | 6 | 5 | Femke Heemskerk | Netherlands | 1:57.68 | Q |
| 16 | 6 | 2 | Brittany MacLean | Canada | 1:57.74 | Q |
| 17 | 6 | 1 | Chihiro Igarashi | Japan | 1:57.88 |  |
| 18 | 4 | 7 | Arina Openysheva | Russia | 1:58.05 |  |
| 19 | 5 | 1 | Melania Costa Schmid | Spain | 1:58.19 |  |
| 20 | 3 | 7 | Annika Bruhn | Germany | 1:58.48 |  |
| 21 | 5 | 7 | Rikako Ikee | Japan | 1:58.49 |  |
| 22 | 5 | 3 | Nina Rangelova | Bulgaria | 1:58.57 |  |
| 23 | 5 | 2 | Coralie Balmy | France | 1:58.83 |  |
| 24 | 4 | 2 | Alice Mizzau | Italy | 1:59.16 |  |
| 25 | 4 | 8 | Ajna Késely | Hungary | 1:59.20 |  |
| 26 | 4 | 1 | Robin Neumann | Netherlands | 1:59.23 |  |
| 27 | 3 | 2 | Georgia Coates | Great Britain | 1:59.33 |  |
| 28 | 3 | 4 | Evelyn Verrasztó | Hungary | 1:59.44 |  |
| 29 | 3 | 8 | Camille Cheng | Hong Kong | 1:59.71 |  |
| 30 | 2 | 4 | Katarina Simonović | Serbia | 2:00.06 |  |
| 31 | 2 | 3 | Barbora Seemanová | Czech Republic | 2:00.26 |  |
| 32 | 5 | 8 | Eleanor Faulkner | Great Britain | 2:00.51 |  |
| 33 | 2 | 6 | Anastasia Bogdanovski | Macedonia | 2:00.52 | **NR** |
| 34 | 3 | 1 | Patricia Castro | Spain | 2:00.71 |  |
| 35 | 6 | 7 | Larissa Oliveira | Brazil | 2:00.76 |  |
| 36 | 2 | 7 | Elisbet Gámez | Cuba | 2:01.08 |  |
| 37 | 2 | 2 | Joanna Evans | Bahamas | 2:01.27 | **NR** |
| 38 | 2 | 1 | Sara Pastrana | Honduras | 2:03.19 |  |
| 39 | 2 | 8 | Andrea Cedrón | Peru | 2:05.33 |  |
| 40 | 1 | 5 | Matelita Buadromo | Fiji | 2:05.49 |  |
| 41 | 1 | 4 | Shivani Kataria | India | 2:09.30 |  |
| 42 | 1 | 3 | Kaya Forson | Ghana | 2:16.02 |  |
|  | 2 | 5 | Andrea Murez | Israel | DNS |  |
|

### Semifinals

#### Semifinal 1

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 3 | Shen Duo | China | 1:56.03 | Q |
| 2 | 4 | Emma McKeon | Australia | 1:56.29 | Q |
| 3 | 5 | Charlotte Bonnet | France | 1:56.38 | Q |
| 4 | 2 | Bronte Barratt | Australia | 1:56.63 | Q |
| 5 | 8 | Brittany MacLean | Canada | 1:57.36 |  |
| 6 | 6 | Ai Yanhan | China | 1:57.41 |  |
| 7 | 1 | Manuella Lyrio | Brazil | 1:57.43 |  |
| 8 | 7 | Missy Franklin | United States | 1:57.56 |  |
|

#### Semifinal 2

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 5 | Sarah Sjöström | Sweden | 1:54.65 | Q |
| 2 | 4 | Katie Ledecky | United States | 1:54.81 | Q |
| 3 | 3 | Federica Pellegrini | Italy | 1:55.42 | Q |
| 4 | 6 | Michelle Coleman | Sweden | 1:56.05 | Q |
| 5 | 7 | Veronika Popova | Russia | 1:57.22 |  |
| 6 | 2 | Siobhán Haughey | Hong Kong | 1:57.56 |  |
| 7 | 1 | Katerine Savard | Canada | 1:57.80 |  |
| 8 | 8 | Femke Heemskerk | Netherlands | 1:57.82 |  |

### Final

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 5 | Katie Ledecky | United States | 1:53.73 |  |
|  | 4 | Sarah Sjöström | Sweden | 1:54.08 | **NR** |
|  | 7 | Emma McKeon | Australia | 1:54.92 |  |
| 4 | 3 | Federica Pellegrini | Italy | 1:55.18 |  |
| 5 | 6 | Shen Duo | China | 1:55.25 |  |
| | 8 | Bronte Barratt | Australia | |  |
| 7 | 2 | Michelle Coleman | Sweden | 1:56.27 |  |
| 8 | 1 | Charlotte Bonnet | France | 1:56.29 |  |

## InfoBox

| Women's 200 metre freestyle
at the Games of the XXXI Olympiad | |
| --- | --- |
| Venue | Olympic Aquatics Stadium |
| Dates | 8 August 2016 (heats &
semifinals)
9 August 2016 (final) |
| Competitors | 43 from 28 nations |
| Winning time | 1:53.73 |
| Medalists | |
| Katie Ledecky  United States  Sarah Sjöström  Sweden  Emma McKeon  Australia | |
|


title: Sybil Grey

abstract: Ellen Sophia Taylor, known professionally as Sybil Grey, was a British singer and actress during the Victorian era best known for creating a series of minor roles in productions by the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company, including roles in several of the famous Gilbert and Sullivan operas, from 1880 to 1888. Afterwards, she went on to a long West End theatre career, appearing in both musical theatre and plays.

text:
# Sybil Grey

**Ellen Sophia Taylor** (3 January 1860 – 20 August 1939), known professionally as **Sybil Grey**, was a British singer and actress during the Victorian era best known for creating a series of minor roles in productions by the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company, including roles in several of the famous Gilbert and Sullivan operas, from 1880 to 1888. Afterwards, she went on to a long West End theatre career, appearing in both musical theatre and plays.

## Early life and career

Grey was born in London’s Conduit Street West, the second daughter of Henry Taylor, a linen draper, and his Exeter-born wife Susannah. Grey began her stage career with the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company in 1880 as a member of the chorus and understudy during the first London production of Gilbert and Sullivan's *The Pirates of Penzance* at the Opera Comique, appearing in the small role of Kate for a short period in July 1880. In the company's next opera, *Patience*, also at the Opera Comique, Grey was in the chorus but may also have understudied the role of Lady Saphir. After *Patience* moved to the new Savoy Theatre in November 1881, Grey also played the non-singing role of Jane in the curtain raiser *Mock Turtles* by Frank Desprez and Eaton Faning.

Gilbert and Sullivan's *Iolanthe* followed at the Savoy in November 1882. Grey created the non-singing role of Fleta, while continuing as Jane in *Mock Turtles*. When *Mock Turtles* was replaced by *A Private Wire* in March 1883, Grey played Mary, the maid. Later that year, she was given the singing role of Leila in *Iolanthe*. She continued as both Mary and Leila until January 1884, when both operas closed. In the next Gilbert and Sullivan opera, *Princess Ida*, she created the role of Sacharissa. When that opera closed, she was in the chorus of the revival of *The Sorcerer* and played the minor role of First Bridesmaid in the accompanying *Trial by Jury*.

Grey created the role of Peep-Bo, one of the three *Little Maids*, in the original production of *The Mikado*, with Jessie Bond (Pitti-Sing) and Leonora Braham (Yum-Yum), for the show's entire run from 1885 to 1887. In an 1885 interview with the *New York Daily Tribune*, author W. S. Gilbert stated that the short stature of Braham, Bond and Grey "suggested the advisability of grouping them as three Japanese school-girls" referred to in the opera as the 'three little maids'". *The Theatre* of April 1885 said, "Miss Sybil Grey is one of the valuable recruits above alluded to. She has a pretty voice, her intonation is correct and her appearance attractive."

After this long engagement, Grey withdrew from the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company. After a short tour with May Holt's company, from December 1887, Grey had roles in two musical burlesques by composer Meyer Lutz at the Gaiety Theatre in London, then managed by George Edwardes. One was Vanilla in *Frankenstein, or The Vampire's Victim*, with a libretto by Richard Henry. The other was as Zillah in *Miss Esmeralda, or The Maid and the Monkey*, By April 1888, she was also playing Polly in the farce *Lot 49*, which she also played at a benefit for Nellie Farren. In June 1888, she returned to the Savoy for the first revival of *The Mikado*, playing her old role of Peep-Bo. During this run, she took roles in two benefit performances of Gilbert's blank verse "fairy plays". The first was Lady Amanthis in *Broken Hearts* at a charity matinée at the Savoy, in a cast that included Julia Neilson, Richard Temple and Lewis Waller. The other was in *The Wicked World*, along with George Alexander and Lionel Brough. In September of that year, after the *Mikado* revival's run ended, she again left the D'Oyly Carte company, never to return.

## Later years

After leaving D'Oyly Carte, Grey enjoyed a long West End theatre career. She began with Drury Lane pantomimes, including playing one of the Merry Men in *Babes in the Wood* in 1888 with Harry Payne, Dan Leno as the Dame, and Harriet Vernon as Robin Hood. She and Rosina Brandram appeared in a musical version of *Newport* (*The Song of the Looking Glass*) in a vanity production at Devonshire House. In 1889–1890 Grey continued at Drury Lane as Deborah Wood in *The Royal Oak*, the Royal Housemaid in *Jack and the Beanstalk*, and, in *Beauty and the Beast* as the King of Diamonds. In 1891 she played Alice Ormerod in *A Lancashire Sailor*, by Brandon Thomas, and Lily Eaton-Belgrave in *A Pantomime Rehearsal*, both at the Shaftesbury Theatre. She also played the title-role in *Nan, the Good-for-Nothing* and Lucy Morley in an unsuccessful tryout of a farce called *Our Doctors* at Terry's Theatre. The following year, she starred as Sally in *Crazed* and appeared in *Faithful James* (by B. C. Stephenson), with Ellaline Terriss and Brandon Thomas, both at the Court Theatre. Among other roles, she appeared for Edwardes in his hit musical comedy *The Gaiety Girl* (1893) and created the part of Jane in the next hit *An Artist's Model*, where she later took over the role of Madame Amélie (1895). She was next engaged at the Vaudeville Theatre in an English adaptation of the farce *L'Hôtel du libre échange* called *A Night Out*. By August 1896 she had been promoted to the leading role of Mme Pinglet. In 1898, she appeared as the scheming servant-girl Durnford in *The Dove-Cot* (an adaptation of *Jalouse*) at the Duke of York's Theatre, together with Leonora Braham and starring Seymour Hicks. Subsequently, for Horace Lingard, she played Mrs Smith in *Why Smith Left Home*, a French comedy, and toured for Edwardes in *A Night Out*.

In the 1901 census she was listed as an "actress and masseuse". Her acting appearances became fewer in the new century. She was Miss Deare, the postmistress, in a musical comedy, *Three Little Maids*, in 1902. In 1904, she played Denise in *Véronique*, at the Apollo Theatre, together with some of her old Savoy colleagues. Her last role may have been as Miao-Yao and Poo–See in *See-See* in 1906 and in tours of that musical thereafter. In March 1930 Grey participated with Bond and Braham in a Gilbert and Sullivan Society reunion of the original "Three Little Maids from School". In her last years, she lived in Dulwich.

She died at the age of 79 in a nursing home in Forest Hill in 1939. Grey is portrayed in the 1999 film *Topsy-Turvy* by Cathy Sara.


title: Sybil Fane, Countess of Westmorland

abstract: Sybil Mary Fane, Countess of Westmorland, born Lady Sybil Mary St Clair-Erskine, was a British aristocrat and socialite.

text:
# Sybil Fane, Countess of Westmorland

**Sybil Mary Fane, Countess of Westmorland** (20 August 1871 – 21 July 1910), born **Lady Sybil Mary St Clair-Erskine**, was a British aristocrat and socialite.

## Life

Born on 20 August 1871 at 40 Upper Brook Street in Mayfair, London, Lady Sybil was the daughter of Robert Francis St Clair-Erskine, 4th Earl of Rosslyn and Blanche Adeliza Fitzroy. Her sisters were Millicent, Duchess of Sutherland and Lady Angela Forbes; Daisy, Countess of Warwick was a half-sister, from their mother’s previous marriage to Hon. Charles Henry Maynard.

She was renowned for her beauty, and had no qualms about enhancing it by the use of cosmetics, which was considered daring at the time. She was connected with the group known as The Souls, having been introduced by George Curzon.

On 28 May 1892 she married Anthony Mildmay Julian Fane, 13th Earl of Westmorland. The wedding took place at St. Michael's Church, Chester Square, Belgravia, London. Upon her marriage, Sybil took the title Countess of Westmorland. The couple had the following children:

In July 1897 Sybil attended the Duchess of Devonshire’s grand ball, at Devonshire House in Piccadilly, London. The ball was held in celebration of Queen Victoria’s diamond jubilee, and was one of the most extravagant aristocratic parties ever. Guests were asked to attend dressed as allegorical or historical figures from before 1815. Sybil dressed as Hebe, goddess of youth, carrying a gold cup in her hand, with an enormous stuffed eagle strapped to her shoulders, in imitation of a painting by Joshua Reynolds. The society photographers, Lafayette Studios of Bond Street London, erected a tent in the garden, and the printed photographs of the guests still exist in the Devonshire archives at Chatsworth. Consuelo, Duchess of Marlborough remembered Sybil as the outstanding beauty of the Devonshire House Ball:

"She had perhaps the most perfect face. I can see her now in a Greek peplum impersonating Hebe. The grey feathers of a life-like stuffed eagle perched on her shoulder, set off the glorious sheen of her red hair".

Sybil, Countess of Westmorland was the inspiration behind the character *Lady Roehampton* in Vita Sackville-West's novel, *The Edwardians*.

Lady Westmorland died at 58 Queen Anne’s Street in Marylebone, London on 21 July 1910, aged 38, and was buried in the Rosslyn Chapel.

## InfoBox

| The Right HonourableThe Countess of Westmorland | |
| --- | --- |
| Sybil Fane, Countess of Westmorland, ca. 1900 | |
| Born | Lady Sybil Mary St Clair-Erskine
20 August 1871
Mayfair, London, England |
| Died | 21 July 1910(1910-07-21) (aged 38)
Marylebone, London, England |
| Spouse | Anthony Fane, 13th Earl of Westmorland  (m. 1892) |
| Children |  |
| Parents |  |
| Relatives |  |


abstract: The women's 50 metre breaststroke event at the 2018 Asian Games took place on 23 August at the Gelora Bung Karno Aquatic Stadium.

text:
# Swimming at the 2018 Asian Games – Women's 50 metre breaststroke

The **women's 50 metre breaststroke** event at the 2018 Asian Games took place on 23 August at the Gelora Bung Karno Aquatic Stadium.

## Schedule

All times are Western Indonesia Time (UTC+07:00)

| Date | Time | Event |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Thursday, 23 August 2018 | 09:12 | Heats |
| | 18:06 | Final |

## Records

Prior to this competition, the existing world, Asian and Games records were as follows.

| **World Record** | Lilly King (USA) | **29.40** | Budapest, Hungary | 30 July 2017 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Asian Record** | Chen Huijia (CHN) | **30.46** | Hong Kong | 6 December 2009 |
| **Games Record** | Satomi Suzuki (JPN) | **30.96** | Jakarta, Indonesia | 19 August 2018 |

## Results

Legend * **DSQ** — Disqualified

### Heats

| Rank | Heat | Athlete | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 4 | Satomi Suzuki (JPN) | 31.02 |  |
| 2 | 4 | Feng Junyang (CHN) | 31.16 |  |
| 3 | 3 | Miho Teramura (JPN) | 31.26 |  |
| 4 | 2 | Suo Ran (CHN) | 31.38 |  |
| 5 | 3 | Phee Jinq En (MAS) | 31.46 |  |
| 6 | 2 | Roanne Ho (SGP) | 31.59 |  |
| 7 | 3 | Lin Pei-wun (TPE) | 31.77 |  |
| 8 | 2 | Adelaida Pchelintseva (KAZ) | 31.94 |  |
| 9 | 4 | Yvette Kong (HKG) | 31.98 |  |
| 10 | 2 | Back Su-yeon (KOR) | 32.34 |  |
| 11 | 4 | Kim Hye-jin (KOR) | 32.44 |  |
| 12 | 4 | Anandia Evato (INA) | 32.61 |  |
| 13 | 2 | Jenjira Srisaard (THA) | 32.62 |  |
| 14 | 3 | Samantha Yeo (SGP) | 32.74 |  |
| 15 | 3 | Rainbow Ip (HKG) | 32.84 |  |
| 16 | 4 | Lei On Kei (MAC) | 33.24 |  |
| 17 | 3 | Ngô Thị Ngọc Quỳnh (VIE) | 33.89 |  |
| 18 | 2 | Cheang Weng Lam (MAC) | 33.93 |  |
| 19 | 4 | Jang Myong-gyong (PRK) | 34.95 |  |
| 20 | 1 | Anak Agung Istri Kania Ratih (INA) | 35.15 |  |
| 21 | 3 | Sok Voleak (CAM) | 36.00 |  |
| 22 | 3 | Mera Abushammaleh (PLE) | 37.10 |  |
| 23 | 4 | Mishael Aisha Ayub (PAK) | 37.15 |  |
| 24 | 2 | Temüüjingiin Amingoo (MGL) | 38.60 |  |
| 25 | 1 | Karina Klimyk (TJK) | 39.26 |  |
| 26 | 1 | Tisa Shakya (NEP) | 39.46 |  |
| 27 | 2 | Khadiza Akter (BAN) | 39.57 |  |
| 28 | 1 | Siri Arun Budcharern (LAO) | 39.85 |  |
| 29 | 1 | Aishath Sajina (MDV) | 41.34 |  |
| 30 | 1 | Aishath Hulva Khulail (MDV) | 42.08 |  |

### Final

| Rank | Athlete | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Satomi Suzuki (JPN) | 30.83 | **GR** |
|  | Roanne Ho (SGP) | 31.23 |  |
|  | Feng Junyang (CHN) | 31.24 |  |
| 4 | Suo Ran (CHN) | 31.42 |  |
| 5 | Phee Jinq En (MAS) | 31.64 |  |
| 6 | Lin Pei-wun (TPE) | 31.72 |  |
| 7 | Adelaida Pchelintseva (KAZ) | 31.94 |  |
|  | Miho Teramura (JPN) | DSQ |  |

## InfoBox

| Women's 50 metre breaststroke <br>at the 2018 Asian Games | |
| --- | --- |
| Venue | Gelora Bung Karno Aquatic Stadium |
| Date | 23 August 2018 |
| Competitors | 30 from 22 nations |
| Medalists | |
| Japan  Singapore  China | |
|


abstract: The men's 100 metre breaststroke event at the 2018 Commonwealth Games was held on 6 and 7 April at the Gold Coast Aquatic Centre.

text:
# Swimming at the 2018 Commonwealth Games – Men's 100 metre breaststroke

The **men's 100 metre breaststroke** event at the 2018 Commonwealth Games was held on 6 and 7 April at the Gold Coast Aquatic Centre.

## Records

Prior to this competition, the existing world, Commonwealth and Games records were as follows:

| **World record** | Adam Peaty (GBR) | **57.13** | Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | 7 August 2016 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Commonwealth record** | Adam Peaty (GBR) | **57.13** | Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | 7 August 2016 |
| **Games record** | Adam Peaty (ENG) | **58.94** | Glasgow, United Kingdom | 26 July 2014 |

The following records were established during the competition:

| Date | Event | Name | Nationality | Time | Record |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 6 April | Semifinal | Adam Peaty | England | 58.59 | **GR** |

## Results

### Heats

The heats were held on 6 April at 11:00.

| Rank | Heat | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 4 | 4 | Adam Peaty | England | 59.14 | Q |
| 2 | 2 | 5 | James Wilby | England | 59.80 | Q |
| 3 | 2 | 4 | Cameron van der Burgh | South Africa | 1:00.20 | Q |
| 4 | 3 | 5 | Jake Packard | Australia | 1:00.29 | Q |
| 4 | 4 | 3 | Matt Wilson | Australia | 1:00.29 | Q |
| 6 | 3 | 4 | Ross Murdoch | Scotland | 1:00.92 | Q |
| 7 | 2 | 3 | Andrew Willis | England | 1:01.13 | Q |
| 8 | 4 | 5 | Craig Benson | Scotland | 1:01.63 | Q |
| 9 | 2 | 6 | Michael Houlie | South Africa | 1:01.66 | Q |
| 10 | 4 | 6 | Elijah Wall | Canada | 1:01.77 | Q |
| 11 | 3 | 3 | Liam Hunter | Australia | 1:02.17 | Q |
| 12 | 4 | 2 | Calum Tait | Scotland | 1:02.61 | Q |
| 13 | 3 | 2 | Taichi Vakasama Taichi | Fiji | 1:04.25 | Q |
| 14 | 3 | 7 | Guy Davies | Isle of Man | 1:04.88 | Q |
| 15 | 2 | 2 | Epeli Rabua Herbert | Fiji | 1:05.46 | Q |
| 16 | 4 | 7 | Ludovico Corsini | Mozambique | 1:05.83 | Q |
| 17 | 1 | 5 | Samuele Rossi | Seychelles | 1:06.25 |  |
| 18 | 3 | 1 | Alexandros Axiotis | Zambia | 1:06.49 |  |
| 19 | 2 | 8 | Ahllan Bique | Mozambique | 1:07.29 |  |
| 20 | 3 | 8 | Mohammad Islam | Bangladesh | 1:07.51 |  |
| 21 | 4 | 1 | Jonathan Chung Yee | Mauritius | 1:07.92 |  |
| 22 | 2 | 1 | Leonard Kalate | Papua New Guinea | 1:08.11 |  |
| 23 | 4 | 8 | Ashley Seeto | Papua New Guinea | 1:08.36 |  |
| 24 | 2 | 7 | Corey Ollivierre | Grenada | 1:08.59 |  |
| 25 | 1 | 3 | Jadon Wuilliez | Antigua and Barbuda | 1:09.17 |  |
| 26 | 1 | 4 | David Ebanks | Cayman Islands | 1:09.55 |  |
| 27 | 1 | 6 | Nikolas Sylvester | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 1:11.60 |  |
| 28 | 1 | 7 | Colby Thomas | Saint Helena | 1:22.77 |  |
| 29 | 1 | 2 | Scott George | Saint Helena | 1:31.57 |  |
|  | 3 | 6 | Jamie Graham | Northern Ireland | DSQ |  |

### Semifinals

The semifinals were held on 6 April at 20:32.

#### Semifinal 1

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 4 | James Wilby | England | 59.69 | Q |
| 2 | 5 | Jake Packard | Australia | 1:00.01 | Q |
| 3 | 3 | Ross Murdoch | Scotland | 1:00.07 | Q |
| 4 | 6 | Craig Benson | Scotland | 1:00.43 | Q |
| 5 | 2 | Elijah Wall | Canada | 1:01.47 |  |
| 6 | 7 | Calum Tait | Scotland | 1:01.62 |  |
| 7 | 1 | Guy Davies | Isle of Man | 1:04.91 |  |
| 8 | 8 | Ludovico Corsini | Mozambique | 1:05.07 |  |

#### Semifinal 2

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 4 | Adam Peaty | England | 58.59 | Q, **GR** |
| 2 | 5 | Cameron van der Burgh | South Africa | 59.74 | Q |
| 3 | 3 | Matt Wilson | Australia | 59.89 | Q |
| 4 | 6 | Andrew Willis | England | 1:01.29 | Q |
| 5 | 7 | Liam Hunter | Australia | 1:01.45 |  |
| 6 | 2 | Michael Houlie | South Africa | 1:01.47 |  |
| 7 | 1 | Taichi Vakasama Taichi | Fiji | 1:04.39 |  |
| 8 | 8 | Epeli Rabua Herbert | Fiji | 1:05.09 |  |

### Final

The final was held on 7 April at 19:48.

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 4 | Adam Peaty | England | 58.84 |  |
|  | 5 | James Wilby | England | 59.43 |  |
|  | 3 | Cameron van der Burgh | South Africa | 59.44 |  |
| 4 | 2 | Jake Packard | Australia | 59.70 |  |
| 5 | 7 | Ross Murdoch | Scotland | 59.89 |  |
| 6 | 1 | Craig Benson | Scotland | 1:00.42 |  |
| 7 | 6 | Matt Wilson | Australia | 1:00.48 |  |
| 8 | 8 | Andrew Willis | England | 1:01.13 |  |

## InfoBox

| Men's 100 metre breaststroke
at the 2018 Commonwealth Games | |
| --- | --- |
| Venue | Gold Coast Aquatic Centre |
| Dates | 6 April (heats, semifinals)
7 April (final) |
| Competitors | 30 from 19 nations |
| Winning time | 58.84 |
| Medalists | |
| England  England  South Africa | |
|


title: Swedish Medical Center (Colorado)

abstract: Swedish Medical Center is a 408-bed acute care hospital located in Englewood, Colorado, United States. It is a Level I trauma and burn center serving Colorado and the Rocky Mountain region. It is operated by HealthONE, part of HCA Healthcare's Continental Division.

text:
# Swedish Medical Center (Colorado)

**Swedish Medical Center** is a 408-bed acute care hospital located in Englewood, Colorado, United States. It is a Level I trauma and burn center serving Colorado and the Rocky Mountain region.

It is operated by HealthONE, part of HCA Healthcare's Continental Division.

## History

Swedish Medical Center was founded in 1905 in Colorado as a tuberculosis sanatorium. In 1924, the hospital was expanded with funds donated by the Swedish Women of Chicago. In 1956, with the decline of TB as a major health threat, the hospital's focus turned to general healthcare.

Swedish Medical Center was the first hospital in Colorado to use MRI and CT technology, as well as angiography. Swedish is a regional referral center for neurotrauma and in 2003 it was designated one of the three Level I Trauma Centers in Colorado. Swedish also became the first Comprehensive Stroke Center in Colorado in 2004.

Wayne F.J. Yakes, M.D. founded the Vascular Malformation Center in 1991. It is the only center in the world that dedicates its care to the management of vascular malformations in all anatomic locations.

Swedish employs more than 2,000 people and has a medical staff of 1,400 physicians and allied health professionals. The hospital runs a health clinic at nearby Englewood High School.

Swedish was named one of the "100 Top Hospitals" in the nation by IBM Watson Health in 2020.

In 2016, the hospital warned patients that they may have been exposed to Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and HIV as a result of a former employee's alleged drug tampering.

## Notable patients

## InfoBox

| Swedish Medical Center | |
| --- | --- |
| HealthONE Colorado | |
| Swedish Medical Center in Englewood, Colorado. | |
|  | |
| Geography | |
| Location | 501 East Hampden Avenue, Englewood, Colorado, United States |
| Coordinates | 39°39′12″N 104°58′54″W / 39.6534°N 104.9816°W / 39.6534; -104.9816 |
| Organization | |
| Type | General |
| Services | |
| Emergency department | Level I trauma center |
| Beds | 408 |
| History | |
| Opened | 1905 |
| Links | |
| Website | swedishhospital.com |
| Lists | Hospitals in Colorado |


title: Sybra nigromarmorata

abstract: Sybra nigromarmorata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Breuning in 1939. It is known from Borneo.

text:
# Sybra nigromarmorata

***Sybra nigromarmorata*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Breuning in 1939. It is known from Borneo.

## InfoBox

| *Sybra nigromarmorata* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | *Sybra* |
| Species: | ***S. nigromarmorata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Sybra nigromarmorata***<br>Breuning, 1939 | |
|


title: Swim Little Fish Swim

abstract: Swim Little Fish Swim is a 2013 French-American indie comedy-drama written, produced and co-directed by Lola Bessis and Ruben Amar. This film was shot in New York on a shoe-string budget. Once finished, it hit the festival circuit after premiering at South by Southwest (SXSW) in 2013. Swim Little Fish Swim enjoyed a worldwide theatrical release and it has recently been sold to HBO Europe, Netflix, RTBF and OCS among other international networks.

text:
# Swim Little Fish Swim

***Swim Little Fish Swim*** is a 2013 French-American indie comedy-drama written, produced and co-directed by Lola Bessis and Ruben Amar.

This film was shot in New York on a shoe-string budget. Once finished, it hit the festival circuit (Rotterdam; São Paulo; Jerusalem; Durban; CPH:PIX) after premiering at South by Southwest (SXSW) in 2013. *Swim Little Fish Swim* enjoyed a worldwide theatrical release and it has recently been sold to HBO Europe, Netflix, RTBF and OCS among other international networks.

## Cast

## Critical reception

* "Refreshingly free of cliches." - *The Hollywood Reporter*
* Indiewire's Eric Kohn praised the film, describing it as "a gentle NYC delight" and giving it a B+ grade.
* "An elegance of construction scarcely seen in like-minded indie comedies." - MTV
* "Featuring gorgeous photography, solid performances and an absolutely killer soundtrack." - CriterionCast
* "What comes through strongest is its Woody Allen-esque treatment of Brooklyn, complete with golden light, beautiful young women, glamorous locations and plenty of appealingly tortured—or insufferably neurotic, depending on your point of view—artists." - *Slant Magazine*
* "Inspired by John Cassavettes and the Nouvelle Vague's observations of human beings and Jacques Demy's charming atmosphere." The Red List

## InfoBox

| Swim Little Fish Swim | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by |  |
| Written by |  |
| Produced by |  |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Brett Jutkiewicz |
| Edited by | Thomas Marchand |
| Music by | Toys and Tiny Instruments, Penn Sultan & Candace Lee Camacho |
| Production
company | * PaperMoon Films |
| Distributed by | Under The Milky Way |
| Release dates | * March 11, 2013 (2013-03-11) (SXSW) * June 4, 2014 (2014-06-04) (France) * September 19, 2014 (2014-09-19) (United States) |
| Running time | 95 minutes |
| Countries | United States
France |
| Languages | English
French |
| Budget | €0.3 million |
| Box office | US$203,877 |


title: Symphony No. 14 (Shostakovich)

abstract: The Symphony No. 14 in G minor, Op. 135, by Dmitri Shostakovich was completed in the spring of 1969, and was premiered later that year. It is a work for soprano, bass and a small string orchestra with percussion, consisting of eleven linked settings of poems by four authors. Most of the poems deal with the theme of death, particularly that of unjust or early death. They were set in Russian, although two other versions of the work exist with the texts all back-translated from Russian either into their original languages or into German. The symphony is dedicated to Benjamin Britten.

text:
# Symphony No. 14 (Shostakovich)

The **Symphony No. 14** in G minor, Op. 135, by Dmitri Shostakovich was completed in the spring of 1969, and was premiered later that year. It is a work for soprano, bass and a small string orchestra with percussion, consisting of eleven linked settings of poems by four authors. Most of the poems deal with the theme of death, particularly that of unjust or early death. They were set in Russian, although two other versions of the work exist with the texts all back-translated from Russian either into their original languages or into German. The symphony is dedicated to Benjamin Britten (who gave the UK premiere the following year at Aldeburgh).

## Instrumentation

Besides the soloists, the symphony is scored for a chamber orchestra consisting only of strings and percussion. The strings consist of ten violins, four violas, three cellos, and two double basses, and the percussion section (two players) includes wood block, castanets, whip, soprano, alto and tenor tom-toms, xylophone, tubular bells, vibraphone, and celesta. The percussion section does not include common instruments such as timpani, bass drum, cymbals, or triangle.

## Movements

The work has eleven linked movements, each a setting of a poem, with a total duration of around 50 minutes:

1. Adagio. "De profundis" (Federico García Lorca)
2. Allegretto. "Malagueña" (Federico García Lorca)
3. Allegro molto. "Loreley" (Guillaume Apollinaire)
4. Adagio. "Le Suicidé" (Guillaume Apollinaire)
5. Allegretto. "Les Attentives I" (On watch) (Guillaume Apollinaire)
6. Adagio. "Les Attentives II" (Madam, look!) (Guillaume Apollinaire)
7. Adagio. "À la Santé" (Guillaume Apollinaire)
8. Allegro. "Réponse des Cosaques Zaporogues au Sultan de Constantinople" (Guillaume Apollinaire)
9. Andante. "O, Del'vig, Del'vig!" (Wilhelm Küchelbecker)
10. Largo. "Der Tod des Dichters" (Rainer Maria Rilke)
11. Moderato. "Schlußstück" (Rainer Maria Rilke)

The first movement begins with the violins playing a theme reminiscent of the Dies irae, which plays a prominent role in the history of Russian music. Fragments of the theme are developed in various sections throughout the symphony; it recurs in its entirety in the climactic penultimate movement.

The work shows Shostakovich's willingness to adopt new techniques. All but two of the movements include themes using tone rows, which he uses to convey a sense of the abstract. He also makes dramatic use of tone clusters, such as the fortissimo chord illustrating the lily growing from the suicide's mouth in the fourth movement.

## Overview

### Composition

The Fourteenth Symphony was a creative response to Modest Mussorgsky's *Songs and Dances of Death*, which Shostakovich had orchestrated in 1962. Like Mussorgsky, Shostakovich brings back the subject of death in various images and situations. The Mussorgsky cycle contains only four songs — too few to do justice to Mussorgsky's concept, Shostakovich felt. He proceeded to expand it by selecting 11 poems by Federico García Lorca, Guillaume Apollinaire, Wilhelm Küchelbecker and Rainer Maria Rilke.

Shostakovich attached great importance to this work, commenting in a letter to Glikman: "Everything that I have written until now over these long years has been a preparation for this work." He added that he intended the symphony to prove a counterweight to the positive presentation of death in music:

> "In part, I am trying to polemicise with the great classics who touched upon the theme of death in their work.... Remember the death of Boris Godunov. When ... he dies, then a kind of brightening sets in. Remember Verdi's *Otello*. When the whole tragedy ends, and Desdemona and Otello die, we also experience a beautiful tranquility. Remember *Aida*. When the tragic demise of the hero and heroine occurs, it is softened with radiant music."

In Mussorgsky's song cycle Shostakovich found a model that spoke out against death; in his symphony, he attempted to expand this protest still further. The composer wrote in his preface to the score:

> I want listeners to reflect upon my new symphony ... to realise that they must lead pure and fruitful lives for the glory of their Motherland, their people and the most progressive ideas motivating our socialist society. That is what I was thinking about as I wrote my new work. I want my listeners, as they leave the hall after hearing my symphony, to think that life is truly beautiful.

While Shostakovich's intent may have been to emphasise that life is truly beautiful, he did so by starkly underlining the opposite — that the end of life is ugly and irredeemably negative. Toward this end, Shostakovich's music is sober in nature, and the composer was soon to extend these ideas in his last four string quartets as musical reflections on the themes of suffering and death. As in his orchestration of *Songs*, his orchestration of the symphony is spare but extremely imaginative. His writing for the voice is in small intervals, with much tonal repetition and attention paid to natural declamation. This practice is taken directly from Mussorgsky.

### Premieres

The work received its official premiere in Leningrad on 29 September 1969 by the Moscow Chamber Orchestra under Rudolf Barshai. Four singers were involved in the first presentations of the work: the sopranos Galina Vishnevskaya and Margarita Miroshnikova, and the basses Mark Reshetin and Yevgeny Vladimirov. An initial performance, preceding the official Moscow and Leningrad premieres, was given by Miroshnikova and Vladimirov, but sources differ as to the vocalists in the official premieres. The official premiere recording on Melodiya was with Miroshnikova and Vladimirov.

The pre-premiere performance on 21 June 1969 was attended by Pavel Apostolov, one of the composer's fiercest critics. He suffered a heart attack during the fifth movement. He died on 19 July.

The UK premiere was held at the Aldeburgh Festival in 1970 and was conducted by the dedicatee, Benjamin Britten.

### Criticism

The composer himself was initially unsure what to call the work, eventually designating it a symphony rather than a song cycle to emphasise the unity of the work musically and philosophically: most of the poems deal with the subject of mortality (he rejected the title oratorio because the work lacks a chorus; it is not a choral symphony for the same reason).

Not all the movements are linked; there are a few breaks between movements that effectively divide the work into a "conventional" four-movement structure.

Many at the time (including Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn and Lev Lebedinsky) criticised the work as too pessimistic. Wilson argues that on the contrary "through careful ordering of the texts \[he\] conveys a specific message of protest at the arbitrary power exercised by dictators in sending the innocent to their deaths" (p. 411).

Shostakovich reportedly answered his critics in *Testimony*:

> \[My critics\] read this idea in the Fourteenth Symphony: "death is all-powerful." They wanted the finale to be comforting, to say that death is only the beginning. But it's not a beginning, it's the real end, there will be nothing afterwards, nothing. I feel you must look truth right in the eyes ... To deny death and its power is useless. Deny it or not, you'll die anyway ... It's stupid to protest against death as such, but you can and must protest against violent death. It's bad when people die before their time from disease or poverty, but it's worse when a man is killed by another man.

The absence from the symphony of redemption or transcendence drew protests not only in the Soviet Union but also in the West, where the work was considered both obsessive and limited spiritually. Shostakovich was determined to avoid false consolation. This intent was a prime stimulus in writing the work. Some have found that the work's embracing of human mortality has been expressed with tremendous clarity. Others have found the work bleakly pessimistic and, especially in its opening *De Profundis*, virtually nihilistic. Regardless of opinion, the Fourteenth in performance is agreed to be a profound and powerful experience.


title: Symphony No. 15 (Michael Haydn)

abstract:
Michael Haydn's Symphony No. 15 in D major, Perger 41, Sherman 15, MH 150, is believed to have been written in Salzburg after 1771. This work was at one time attributed to Joseph Haydn, the first work in D major so attributed. Scored for flute, 2 oboes, 2 bassoons, 2 horns and strings, in four movements:
  - Allegro spiritoso
  - Minuet and Trio
  - Andante
  - Presto assai The placement of the Minuet second, before the slow movement, is unusual in Michael Haydn's symphonies, though there is one other specimen, the Symphony No. 16, which scholars are fairly certain is a close contemporary to this one. Three symphonies by brother Joseph Haydn also have this placement, 32, 37 and 44. The corresponding placement of the Scherzo second in the Romantic era, despite Ludwig van Beethoven's Ninth Symphony, remained rare until Anton Bruckner's Second, Eighth and Ninth symphonies, and Gustav Mahler's First, Fourth and Sixth symphonies.

text:
# Symphony No. 15 (Michael Haydn)

Michael Haydn's **Symphony No. 15 in D major**, Perger 41, Sherman 15, MH 150, is believed to have been written in Salzburg after 1771. This work was at one time attributed to Joseph Haydn, the first work in D major so attributed.

Scored for flute, 2 oboes, 2 bassoons, 2 horns and strings, in four movements:

1. Allegro spiritoso
2. Minuet and Trio (in A major)
3. Andante (in G major)
4. Presto assai

The placement of the Minuet second, before the slow movement, is unusual in Michael Haydn's symphonies, though there is one other specimen, the Symphony No. 16, which scholars are fairly certain is a close contemporary to this one. Three symphonies by brother Joseph Haydn also have this placement, 32, 37 and 44.

The corresponding placement of the Scherzo second in the Romantic era, despite Ludwig van Beethoven's Ninth Symphony, remained rare until Anton Bruckner's Second (original version), Eighth and Ninth symphonies, and Gustav Mahler's First, Fourth and Sixth (original version) symphonies.

## Discography

Included in a set of 20 symphonies on the CPO label with Bohdan Warchal conducting the Slovak Philharmonic. Also available on a Hungaroton CD of the Capella Savaria conducted by Pál Németh.

* A. Delarte, "A Quick Overview Of The Instrumental Music Of Michael Haydn" *Bob's Poetry Magazine* November 2006: 34 PDF
* Charles H. Sherman and T. Donley Thomas, *Johann Michael Haydn (1737 - 1806), a chronological thematic catalogue of his works*. Stuyvesant, New York: Pendragon Press (1993)
* C. Sherman, "Johann Michael Haydn" in *The Symphony: Salzburg, Part 2* London: Garland Publishing (1982): lxv


title: Sydney Allicock

abstract: Sydney Charles Allicock is a Guyanese politician. He was minister of Indigenous People's Affairs in Guyana from 2015-2020, and was vice-president of Guyana from 2015-2020.

text:
# Sydney Allicock

**Sydney Charles Allicock** (born c.1954) is a Guyanese politician. He was minister of Indigenous People's Affairs in Guyana from 2015-2020, and was vice-president of Guyana from 2015-2020.

## Career

Allicock was born in North Rupununi, Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo region. he was elected Toshao (chief) of the Annai, in Region No. Nine, the North Rupununi in 1989. He is currently the chairman of the North Rupununi District Development Board.

His father was one of the founders of the Iwokrama International Centre for Rain Forest Conservation and Development and Allicock has been one of the key tutors in their training program.

He pioneered Amerindian Heritage Day, which was later adopted as a national event.

From May 2015 to August 2020, he served as Minister of Indigenous Peoples' Affairs and one of the vice presidents in the cabinet of David A. Granger representing the Guyana Action Party.

## Recognition

In 2010, Allicock was the recipient of the Anthony N. Sabga Caribbean Awards for Excellence for his public service work.

He received the Responsible Tourism Showcase Award from the US Educational Travel Conference, New Orleans, in 2009.

In 2020, Sydney Allicock Highway was commissioned and named in his honor. The highway runs through the Rupununi, starting from Central Lethem and running through Hiawa, Nappi and Parashara.

## InfoBox

| Sydney Allicock | |
| --- | --- |
| Allicock in 2016 | |
|  | |
| Vice President of Guyana | |
| **In office**
May 2015  August 2020 | |
| President | David A. Granger |
| Minister of Indigenous Peoples' Affairs | |
| **In office**
May 2015  August 2020 | |
| Succeeded by | Pauline Campbell-Sukhai |
| Toshao of Annai | |
| **In office**
1989–1994 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Sydney Charles Allicock
c. 1954
North Rupununi, Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo, British Guiana |
| Nationality | Guyanese |
| Political party | Guyana Action Party (since 2001) |
| Other political
affiliations | People's National Congress (1989-2001) |
| Occupation | Politician |
|  | |


title: Symphony No. 27 (Haydn)

abstract: Joseph Haydn's Symphony No. 27 in G major was probably written before March 19, 1761, while he was employed by Count Morzin. Its chronological position was assigned by Eusebius Mandyczewski in 1907. Although later adopted by Hoboken, Robbins Landon has subsequently revised the work's likely chronological position and now believes that the symphony is one of Haydn's earliest, written at roughly the same time as symphonies nos. 15–18. Haydn himself may have labeled the symphony his 16th, although this remains unclear.

text:
# Symphony No. 27 (Haydn)

Joseph Haydn's **Symphony No. 27** in G major (Hoboken I/27) was probably written before March 19, 1761, while he was employed by Count Morzin. Its chronological position was assigned by Eusebius Mandyczewski in 1907. Although later adopted by Hoboken, Robbins Landon has subsequently revised the work's likely chronological position and now believes that the symphony is one of Haydn's earliest, written at roughly the same time as symphonies nos. 15–18. Haydn himself may have labeled the symphony his 16th, although this remains unclear.

## Nickname (Hermannstädter)

In 1946, a copy of the symphony was discovered in the summer palace of Baron Samuel von Brukenthal near the city of Hermannstadt (now Sibiu in Romania). Originally thought to be an original discovery, the symphony briefly acquired the nickname *Hermannstädter* after it was recorded under that title by the Prague Symphony Orchestra with the Rumanian conductor Constantin Silvestri. Because of the political climate in Eastern Europe following the Second World War, it was some time before musicologists were able to examine the find and realize that the manuscript was a copy of a work that had already been published by Breitkopf & Hartel in 1907.

## Movements

Manuscript evidence suggests this work was originally scored for 2 oboes, 2 bassoons, strings and continuo. Horns were subsequently added to the score, probably by Haydn himself. The work is in three movements:

1. Allegro molto, **4**
**4**
2. Andante, C major **6**
**8** (Siciliano)
3. Presto, **3**
**8**

Despite the small forces at Haydn's disposal, the symphonic expression is broad and vigorous. The main theme of the opening movement hints at the Mannheim Rocket, although in abbreviated fashion. The second hybrid subject employs a developmental device quite common in Haydn's early works. It starts in the dominant major but concludes in the dominant minor, setting up a bright contrast with the closing refrain of the exposition.

The second movement is a lilting **6**
**8** siciliano played on muted strings and without winds or horns. Robbins Landon describes the movement "as Italian an andante as was ever composed in Naples or Palermo".

The symphony concludes with a bright, upbeat and brief finale that, like many of his other early works, is developmentally straightforward.