title: North York, Pennsylvania

abstract: North York is a borough, adjacent to the city of York, in York County, Pennsylvania, United States. As of the 2020 census, the borough had a total population of 2,196.

text:
# North York, Pennsylvania

**North York** is a borough, adjacent to the city of York, in York County, Pennsylvania, United States. As of the 2020 census, the borough had a total population of 2,196.

## Geography

North York is located at 39°58'40" North, 76°43'53" West (39.977814, -76.731481).

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the borough has a total area of 0.3 square miles (0.78 km2), all land.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1900 | 1,185 |  |  |
| 1910 | 1,902 |  | 60.5% |
| 1920 | 2,230 |  | 17.2% |
| 1930 | 2,416 |  | 8.3% |
| 1940 | 2,416 |  | 0.0% |
| 1950 | 2,445 |  | 1.2% |
| 1960 | 2,290 |  | −6.3% |
| 1970 | 2,032 |  | −11.3% |
| 1980 | 1,755 |  | −13.6% |
| 1990 | 1,689 |  | −3.8% |
| 2000 | 1,689 |  | 0.0% |
| 2010 | 1,914 |  | 13.3% |
| 2020 | 2,196 |  | 14.7% |
| 2021 (est.) | 2,248 |  | 2.4% |
| Sources: | | | |

As of the census of 2000, there were 1,689 people, 725 households, and 435 families living in the borough.

The population density was 5,669.1 inhabitants per square mile (2,188.9/km2). There were 778 housing units at an average density of 2,611.3 per square mile (1,008.2/km2).

The racial makeup of the borough was 93.66% White, 2.19% African American, 0.53% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 1.54% from other races, and 2.01% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.61% of the population.

There were 725 households, out of which 28.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them; 38.2% were married couples living together, 15.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.9% were non-families. 32.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.

The average household size was 2.31 and the average family size was 2.91.

In the borough, the population was spread out, with 25.6% under the age of 18, 7.5% from 18 to 24, 33.3% from 25 to 44, 21.1% from 45 to 64, and 12.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years.

For every 100 females there were 93.2 males. For every 100 females aged 18 and over, there were 87.7 males.

The median income for a household in the borough was $36,875, and the median income for a family was $41,935. Males had a median income of $30,893 compared with that of $23,567 for females.

The per capita income for the borough was $16,938.

Roughly 7.5% of families and 9.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.8% of those under the age of 18 and 7.7% of those aged 65 and older.

1. "ArcGIS REST Services Directory". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved October 12, 2022.
2. "Census Population API". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved Oct 12, 2022.
3. Bureau, US Census. "City and Town Population Totals: 2020-2021". *Census.gov*. US Census Bureau. Retrieved 9 July 2022. `{{cite web}}`: `|last1=` has generic name (help)
4. "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. Retrieved 2011-04-23.
5. "Census of Population and Housing". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 11 December 2013.
6. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
7. "Incorporated Places and Minor Civil Divisions Datasets: Subcounty Resident Population Estimates: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2012". *Population Estimates*. U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 11 June 2013. Retrieved 11 December 2013.

## InfoBox

| North York, Pennsylvania | |
| --- | --- |
| Borough | |
| Houses by the park | |
| Location in York County and the U.S. state of Pennsylvania | |
| North YorkLocation of North York in PennsylvaniaNorth YorkNorth York (the United States) | |
| Coordinates: 39°58′40″N 76°43′53″W / 39.97778°N 76.73139°W / 39.97778; -76.73139 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Pennsylvania |
| County | York |
| Settled | 1888 |
| Incorporated | 1899 |
| Government | |
| Type | Borough Council |
| Area | |
| Total | 0.31 sq mi (0.81 km2) |
| Land | 0.30 sq mi (0.79 km2) |
| Water | 0.01 sq mi (0.02 km2) |
| Elevation | 394 ft (120 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 2,200 |
| Density | 7,213.11/sq mi (2,785.93/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| Area code | 717 |
| FIPS code | 42-55608 |


title: Černčice (Louny District)

abstract: Černčice is a municipality and village in Louny District in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,300 inhabitants. Černčice lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) east of Louny, 36 km (22 mi) south-west of Ústí nad Labem, and 52 km (32 mi) north-west of Prague.

text:
# Černčice (Louny District)

**Černčice** is a municipality and village in Louny District in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,300 inhabitants.

Černčice lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) east of Louny, 36 km (22 mi) south-west of Ústí nad Labem, and 52 km (32 mi) north-west of Prague.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1869 | 341 |  |
| 1880 | 399 | +17.0% |
| 1890 | 450 | +12.8% |
| 1900 | 692 | +53.8% |
| 1910 | 1,147 | +65.8% |
| 1921 | 1,292 | +12.6% |
| 1930 | 1,496 | +15.8% |
| 1950 | 1,329 | −11.2% |
| 1961 | 1,286 | −3.2% |
| 1970 | 1,234 | −4.0% |
| 1980 | 1,396 | +13.1% |
| 1991 | 1,287 | −7.8% |
| 2001 | 1,402 | +8.9% |
| 2011 | 1,325 | −5.5% |
| 2021 | 1,275 | −3.8% |
| Source: Censuses | | |

## Notable people

## InfoBox

| Černčice | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Panorama of Černčice | |
|  | |
| ČernčiceLocation in the Czech Republic | |
| Coordinates: 50°21′41″N 13°50′43″E / 50.36139°N 13.84528°E / 50.36139; 13.84528 | |
| Country | Czech Republic |
| Region | Ústí nad Labem |
| District | Louny |
| First mentioned | 1354 |
| Area | |
| Total | 2.74 km2 (1.06 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 185 m (607 ft) |
| Population (2024-01-01) | |
| Total | 1,330 |
| Density | 490/km2 (1,300/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 439 01 |
| Website | www.cerncice.cz |


title: Nick Moody

abstract: Nick Moody is a former American football inside linebacker. He was selected by the San Francisco 49ers in the sixth round of the 2013 NFL draft. He played college football at Florida State University and played safety and linebacker. He was also a member of the Pi Kappa Alpha fraternity.

text:
# Nick Moody

**Nick Moody** (born January 29, 1990) is a former American football inside linebacker. He was selected by the San Francisco 49ers in the sixth round of the 2013 NFL draft. He played college football at Florida State University and played safety and linebacker. He was also a member of the Pi Kappa Alpha fraternity.

## Professional career

### San Francisco 49ers

On April 27, 2013, Moody was selected with the 12th pick on the sixth round (180 overall) by the San Francisco 49ers. On May 10 Moody signed a four-year contract with the team. After breaking his hand in a week 1 victory over the Green Bay Packers, Moody was placed on injured reserve/recall on September 11. On November 12, 2013, the 49ers activated Moody.

On September 5, 2015, Moody was waived by the 49ers.

### Seattle Seahawks

Moody signed to the practice squad of the Seattle Seahawks on September 12, 2015. On October 14, he was promoted to the Seahawks' active roster. On November 24, he was placed on injured reserve.

### Washington Redskins

On December 13, 2016, Moody was signed by the Washington Redskins. He was waived on December 23.

## InfoBox

Nick Moody
| Moody with the San Francisco 49ers in 2014 | |
| --- | --- |
| No. 54, 53, 55 | |
| Position: | Inside linebacker |
| Personal information | |
| Born: | (1990-01-29) January 29, 1990<br>Wyncote, Pennsylvania, U.S. |
| Height: | 6 ft 1 in (1.85 m) |
| Weight: | 245 lb (111 kg) |
| Career information | |
| High school: | Roman Catholic (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) |
| College: | Florida State (2008–2012) |
| NFL draft: | 2013 / round: 6 / pick: 180 |
| Career history | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Career NFL statistics | |
| Total tackles: 26 | |
|  | |
| Player stats at **PFR** | |
|  | |


abstract: Leicester South East was a borough constituency in the city of Leicester. It returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The constituency was created for the 1950 general election, and abolished for the February 1974 general election.

text:
# Leicester South East (UK Parliament constituency)

**Leicester South East** was a borough constituency in the city of Leicester. It returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

The constituency was created for the 1950 general election, and abolished for the February 1974 general election.

## Boundaries

**1950–1955**: The County Borough of Leicester wards of Evington, Knighton, Spinney Hill, and Wycliffe.

**1955–1974**: As above plus the Urban District of Oadby.

## Members of Parliament

| Election | | Member | Party | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 1950 | Charles Waterhouse | Conservative | Resigned 1957 |
|  | 1957 by-election | Sir John Peel | Conservative |
|  | 1974 | *constituency abolished* | |

## Election results

### Elections in the 1950s

General election 1950: Leicester South East
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Conservative** | **Charles Waterhouse** | **20,964** | **51.37** |  |
|  | Labour | SK Lewis | 14,823 | 36.32 |  |
|  | Liberal | Cecil Archer Newport | 5,024 | 12.31 |  |
| Majority | | | 6,141 | 15.05 |  |
| Turnout | | | 40,811 |  |  |
|  | Conservative **win** (new seat) | | | | |

General election 1951: Leicester South East
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Conservative** | **Charles Waterhouse** | **23,853** | **59.52** |  |
|  | Labour Co-op | Ewart Taylor | 16,225 | 40.48 |  |
| Majority | | | 7,628 | 19.04 |  |
| Turnout | | | 40,078 | 83.77 |  |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

General election 1955: Leicester South East
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Conservative** | **Charles Waterhouse** | **26,070** | **64.21** |  |
|  | Labour | Edward John Masters | 14,529 | 35.79 |  |
| Majority | | | 11,541 | 28.42 |  |
| Turnout | | | 40,599 | 78.46 |  |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

1957 Leicester South East by-election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Conservative** | **John Peel** | **18,023** | **60.9** | **3.3** |
|  | Labour | Betty Boothroyd | 11,541 | 39.1 | +3.3 |
| Majority | | | 6,482 | 21.8 | −6.6 |
| Turnout | | | 29,564 | 56.3 | −22.2 |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | Swing | 6.0 |  |

General election 1959: Leicester South East
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Conservative** | **John Peel** | **28,390** | **67.35** |  |
|  | Labour | W Barrie Chambers | 13,760 | 32.65 |  |
| Majority | | | 14,630 | 34.70 |  |
| Turnout | | | 42,150 | 78.33 |  |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

### Elections in the 1960s

General election 1964: Leicester South East
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Conservative** | **John Peel** | **23,236** | **55.95** |  |
|  | Labour | W Barrie Chambers | 11,090 | 26.70 |  |
|  | Liberal | Colin J Beech | 7,205 | 17.35 | *New* |
| Majority | | | 12,146 | 29.25 |  |
| Turnout | | | 41,531 |  |  |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

General election 1966: Leicester South East
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Conservative** | **John Peel** | **23,615** | **59.88** |  |
|  | Labour | Colin Grundy | 15,819 | 40.12 |  |
| Majority | | | 7,796 | 19.76 |  |
| Turnout | | | 39,434 |  |  |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

### Elections in the 1970s

General election 1970: Leicester South East
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Conservative** | **John Peel** | **26,483** | **62.65** |  |
|  | Labour | William Hilbourne | 15,788 | 37.35 |  |
| Majority | | | 10,695 | 25.30 |  |
| Turnout | | | 42,271 |  |  |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

## InfoBox

| Leicester South East | |
| --- | --- |
| Former borough constituency
for the House of Commons | |
| 1950–February 1974 | |
| Seats | one |
| Created from | Leicester East and Leicester South |
| Replaced by | Leicester East,
Leicester South |


title: Lush Lashes

abstract: Lush Lashes is a thoroughbred filly that won the Coronation Stakes at Royal Ascot and the Musidora Stakes in York in 2008. She is owned and trained by Jim Bolger and was sired by Galileo out of Dance For Fun.

text:
# Lush Lashes

**Lush Lashes** is a thoroughbred filly that won the Coronation Stakes at Royal Ascot and the Musidora Stakes in York in 2008. She is owned and trained by Jim Bolger and was sired by Galileo out of Dance For Fun.

## InfoBox

| Lush Lashes | |
| --- | --- |
| Sire | Galileo |
| Grandsire | Sadler's Well |
| Dam | Dance For Fun |
| Damsire | Anabaa |
| Sex | Mare |
| Foaled | 2005 |
| Country | Great Britain |
| Colour | Bay |
| Breeder | Mrs. A. M. Jenkins |
| Owner | Mrs J S Bolger & John Corcoran |
| Trainer | Jim Bolger |
| Record | 17: 5-2-1 |
| Earnings | £1,204,226 |
| Major wins | |
| Goffs Fillies Million (2007)
Musidora Stakes (2008)
Coronation Stakes (2008)
Yorkshire Oaks (2008)
Matron Stakes (2008) | |
| Last updated on December 28, 2011 | |


title: Raymond Adamson

abstract: Raymond John Adamson was a British actor often on television. Born in Beckenham, then in Kent, he made his TV debut in 1956, playing a constable in David Copperfield. He became typecast playing policemen or lawmen, also playing policeman in series such as Oliver Twist (1962), Out of This World (1962), Dixon of Dock Green (1964), The Baron (1966), and New Scotland Yard (1972) and he also played a senator in Bergerac in the early 1980s. Other appearances include The Saint (1966), The Avengers, Randall and Hopkirk (Deceased) (1969), Within These Walls (1974-5) and the short film The Orchard End Murder (1980). His final appearance was as an auction porter in Seen a Ghost (1997).

text:
# Raymond Adamson

**Raymond John Adamson** (7 July 1920  25 March 2002) was a British actor often on television.

Born in Beckenham, then in Kent, he made his TV debut in 1956, playing a constable in *David Copperfield*. He became typecast playing policemen or lawmen, also playing policeman in series such as *Oliver Twist* (1962), *Out of This World* (1962), *Dixon of Dock Green* (1964), *The Baron* (1966), and *New Scotland Yard* (1972) and he also played a senator in *Bergerac* in the early 1980s. Other appearances include *The Saint* (1966), *The Avengers* (in the episodes *The Decapod* (1962), *The Grandeur That Was Rome* (1963), *The Avengers* (1969)), *Randall and Hopkirk (Deceased)* (in the episode *Murder Ain't What it Used to Be*) (1969), *Within These Walls* (1974-5) and the short film *The Orchard End Murder* (1980). His final appearance was as an auction porter in *Seen a Ghost* (1997).

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1958 | *Heart of a Child* | Hans Heiss |  |
| 1958 | *The Man Inside* | Police Inspector | Uncredited |
| 1963 | *Echo of Diana* | George |  |
| 1966 | *A Man for All Seasons* |  | Uncredited |
| 1967 | *It!* | Second Officer |  |
| 1969 | *A Touch of Love* |  | Uncredited |
| 1981 | *The Orchard End Murder* | Mr. Wickstead |  |
| 1995 | *Blue Juice* | Smuggler FM's Gordon |  |


title: The Countess (play)

abstract: The Countess is a play written by the American playwright and novelist Gregory Murphy. It recounts the break-up of the marriage of John Ruskin and Effie Gray, one of the greatest scandals of the Victorian era in Britain. Written in 1995, Murphy's two-act drama premiered in New York in 1999, and transferred twice to ever-larger Off-Broadway venues. It later had a successful run in London's West End, and has since been performed worldwide.

text:
# The Countess (play)

***The Countess*** is a play written by the American playwright and novelist Gregory Murphy. It recounts the break-up of the marriage of John Ruskin and Effie Gray, one of the greatest scandals of the Victorian era in Britain.

Written in 1995, Murphy's two-act drama premiered in New York in 1999, and transferred twice to ever-larger Off-Broadway venues. It later had a successful run in London's West End, and has since been performed worldwide.

## Characters

* John Ruskin
* Effie Ruskin
* Elizabeth, Lady Eastlake
* John Everett Millais
* Mrs Ruskin
* Mr. Ruskin
* Crawley

## Plot

Based on one of the most notorious affairs of the Victorian Age, *The Countess* is a play about the idealization and oppression of women. In 1853, the preeminent author and art critic John Ruskin, his wife, Effie Gray, and his friend and protégé, the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood painter John Everett Millais, depart in high spirits for the Scottish Highlands. When they return to London four months later, Millais' hatred for Ruskin is only exceeded by his passion for the beautiful, young Mrs. Ruskin. What Millais did not know was the truth at the core of the Ruskin marriage, a secret, which when revealed through the persistence of Effie Ruskin's friend Lady Elizabeth Eastlake, renowned writer of the period, would rock London society and change forever the lives of Millais and the Ruskins.

## Productions

The play, directed by Ludovica Villar-Hauser, was first performed in 1999 at the Greenwich Street Theatre, New York City. It soon transferred to the Samuel Beckett Theatre, and finally to the much larger Lamb's Theatre. The production ran for 634 performances and was the longest-running play on or off Broadway in the 1999–2000 season. The original production of the play starred Jennifer Woodward as Effie Ruskin, James Riordan as John Ruskin, Jy Murphy (no relation to the playwright) as John Everett Millais, Kristin Griffith as Lady Eastlake, Honora Fergusson as Mrs. Ruskin, Frederick Neumann as Mr. Ruskin and John Quilty as Crawley.

In 2005, Villar-Hauser directed the West End production of *The Countess*, which began at Guildford's Yvonne Arnaud Theatre, before transferring to the Criterion Theatre. Alison Pargeter starred as Effie Ruskin, Nick Moran as John Ruskin, Damian O'Hare as John Everett Millais, Linda Thorson as Lady Eastlake, Jean Boht as Mrs. Ruskin, Gerald Harper as Mr. Ruskin and Edmund Kente as Crawley.

*The Countess* was published by Dramatists Play Service in 2000. Gregory Murphy wrote a screenplay *The Countess* based on his play.

## Reception

*The Countess* received critical acclaim when it premiered in the spring of 1999 with the *New York Times* calling the play "…serious…wonderfully witty…erotically charged." "splendidly directed" and "the entire cast is excellent". Some critics of the London production were less impressed. Michael Billington called it "curiously stolid" and objected to what he called the "forelock-tugging framing device, set in Windsor Castle" in which Effie meets Queen Victoria. Ian Shuttleworth also objected to the "clunky" framing scenes, writing that the play "is a standard triangular story with several cumbersome attempts to spice it up." Tim Walker of *The Sunday Telegraph*, however, called *The Countess* “a wonderful, evocative piece of theatre,” and Emma Whitelaw of *indieLondon* wrote that it was a “marvelous production,” calling Nick Moran's portrayal of John Ruskin “sublime.”

*The Countess* sparked some debate over its depiction of John Ruskin, and the resulting controversy led the *New York Times* to publish "A Twisted Victorian Love Tale That Won't Die Out" written by Lucinda Franks. Billington said that "Murphy takes the stock line that Ruskin was a domestic bully who pontificated about art and beauty while recoiling from living flesh", but the play gave no indication of Ruskin's radical political ideas.

Margo Jefferson, theatre critic for *The New York Times* in her essay *REVISIONS; Lurking Behind the Victorian Propriety, Wit and Pluck*. wrote: *The Countess*, by Gregory Murphy, reminds us of the terrifying imbalance of power between those who claim adult authority and those they treat like children ... It is a revisionist drama, since Ruskin's wife, Effie, was seen for years as one of those people who surround a genius and have no real needs, privileges or rights that he is bound to respect ... The scene in which Effie confesses \[the non-consummation of her marriage\] to her friend Lady Eastlake is harrowing. She thinks she has a disease that cannot be named and she can barely get the words out ... Mr. Murphy centers on Effie, and gives a full-bodied portrait of a woman who was generally seen as too worldly and shallow for such a great man. Here she is restless, quick and at odds with herself, and very much our contemporary. But *The Countess* does something harder, Mr. Murphy gives us a Ruskin whom we can pity as well as rage against for betraying the ideals he claimed to be teaching us.”

## Plagiarism dispute

In 2010, *The Countess* generated its own scandal, when Gregory Murphy became embroiled in a protracted and very public lawsuit with actress Emma Thompson, who had written a screenplay *Effie Gray* based on the same historical events. Murphy said Thompson's screenplay was an infringement on his play and screenplay *The Countess*, which he claimed he had submitted to Thompson through a mutual friend in 2003 to consider the role of Lady Elizabeth Eastlake in a proposed film of his play, and to Thompson's husband Greg Wise to consider the role of John Ruskin in the play's 2005 West End production. In 2008, Emma Thompson announced that she and Wise “had written a script together about John Ruskin, the Victorian art critic, which we want to make into a film." After meeting with Emma Thompson and her producers Potboiler Productions, Murphy was offered a screenwriting fee and co-screenwriting credit with Thompson in settlement of his claim. This settlement offer was later abandoned by Emma Thompson, Greg Wise and their partner Donald Rosenfeld, when their company Sovereign Films took over production of the film and instigated the suit, creating the independent entity Effie Film, LLC, spearheaded by Rosenfeld, to litigate it. In March 2013, District Court Judge Thomas P. Griesa, after allowing Thompson to submit a second revised screenplay into evidence, from which Murphy claimed "some of the most troubling material" had been removed, ruled that while there were similarities, the screenplays were "quite dissimilar in their two approaches to fictionalizing the same historical events". In response to Murphy's attorney's concerns that the completed film *Effie Gray* would not adhere to Thompson's second revised screenplay, Judge Griesa concluded his ruling by saying that Thompson's film would not infringe Murphy's play or screenplay "only to the extent that it does not substantially deviate from the November 29, 2011 screenplay," the date of Thompson's second revised screenplay. In May 2013, *Effie Gray’s* Cannes Film Festival premiere was cancelled. In October 2013, the film was withdrawn from the Mill Valley Film Festival in California due to "unforeseen circumstances" according to producer Rosenfeld. In December 2013, Thompson said of the still unreleased *Effie Gray* that its "time has probably passed," comparing it to another project of hers that "didn't happen either." *Effie Gray* was released in October 2014, to a modest reception. Thompson plays Lady Elizabeth Eastlake and Greg Wise plays John Ruskin in the film, which they both declined to promote. Camilla Long reviewing *Effie Gray* in *The Sunday Times* wrote “nothing fits together” and “no one seems to know why they made this film. Where is Thompson’s passion and commitment, or any hint of what she intended to achieve.” Manohla Dargis in her review in *The New York Times* called *Effie Gray* “The cinematic equivalent of a Brazilian wax, the movie omits much of the story’s most interesting material to create something that’s been smoothly denatured.”

## InfoBox

| The Countess | |
| --- | --- |
| Poster for the original production of *The Countess* at the Greenwich Street Theatre (signed by the author and members of the cast) | |
| Written by | Gregory Murphy |
| Date premiered | 1999 |
| Place premiered | Greenwich Street Theatre, New York City |
| Original language | English |
| Subject | Ruskin's marriage breaks down when his wife Effie meets artist John Everett Millais |
| Genre | Period piece |
| Setting | London and Scotland in the 1850s |


title: Vidya Madhavan

abstract: Vidya Madhavan is an Indian American physicist who is Professor of Condensed Matter at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. Her research considers the spin and charge of quantum materials. She combines high resolution characterization techniques with precise fabrication and growth techniques. She was elected Fellow of the American Physical Society in 2015.

text:
# Vidya Madhavan

**Vidya Madhavan** is an Indian American physicist who is Professor of Condensed Matter at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. Her research considers the spin and charge of quantum materials. She combines high resolution characterization techniques with precise fabrication and growth techniques. She was elected Fellow of the American Physical Society in 2015.

## Early life and education

Madhavan studied metallurgical engineering at the Indian Institutes of Technology. She remained there for her graduate studies, where she worked on solid state physics and materials science. She moved to the United States for her doctoral research, where she joined Boston University. After earning her PhD, Madhavan joined the University of California, Berkeley as a postdoctoral researcher.

## Research and career

In 2002 Madhavan was appointed to the faculty at Boston College, where she found that phonons (lattice vibrations) were involved in superconductivity. She moved to the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign as a professor in 2014. Her research considers the interaction between spin, charge and structure in quantum materials. She has developed (spin-polarized) scanning tunnelling microscopy to understand emergent phenomena in unconventional superconductors, topological systems and two-dimensional materials. She has studied unconventional superconductors (with a focus on chiral superconductors), which maintain their superconductivity when in the presence of high magnetic fields likely due to the presence of Majorana particles on their surfaces. Madhavan used STM to identify these Majorana quasiparticles on the surface of uranium ditelluride.

Topological insulators exhibit spin momentum locking, a quantum phenomenon in which the spin of an electron depends on its direction of travel. Madhavan has observed spin-polarized tunnelling in anti-feromagnets.

Madhavan has pursued quantum systems with long lifetimes for quantum information science. She is particularly interested in Mott insulators, which can be fabricated using exfoliation and controlled using lithography. She has demonstrated that they can achieve lifetimes of a few seconds at room temperature.

## Awards and honors

## Selected publications

* Madhavan V V; Chen W; Jamneala T; Crommie MF; Wingreen NS (1 April 1998). "Tunneling into a single magnetic atom: spectroscopic evidence of the kondo resonance". *Science*. **280** (5363): 567–569. Bibcode:1998Sci...280..567M. doi:10.1126/SCIENCE.280.5363.567. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 9554843. Wikidata Q32066854.
* Hoffman JE; Hudson EW; Lang KM; Madhavan V; Eisaki H; Uchida S; Davis JC (1 January 2002). "A four unit cell periodic pattern of quasi-particle states surrounding vortex cores in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta". *Science*. **295** (5554): 466–469. arXiv:cond-mat/0201348. doi:10.1126/SCIENCE.1066974. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 11799234. Wikidata Q46861234.
* Lin Jiao; Sean Howard; Sheng Ran; et al. (25 March 2020). "Chiral superconductivity in heavy-fermion metal UTe2". *Nature*. **579** (7800): 523–527. arXiv:1908.02846. doi:10.1038/S41586-020-2122-2. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 32214254. Wikidata Q90665382.

## InfoBox

| Vidya Madhavan | |
| --- | --- |
| Alma mater | Indian Institutes of Technology
Boston University |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Institutions | Boston College
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
University of California, Berkeley |
|  | |


title: Muskegon Catholic Central High School

abstract: Muskegon Catholic Central High School is a private, Roman Catholic high school in Muskegon, Michigan. It is located in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Grand Rapids. Muskegon Catholic Central has won 13 football state championships.

text:
# Muskegon Catholic Central High School

**Muskegon Catholic Central High School** is a private, Roman Catholic high school in Muskegon, Michigan. It is located in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Grand Rapids. Muskegon Catholic Central has won 13 football state championships (1979, 1980, 1982, 1990, 1991, 1995, 2000, 2006, 2008, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016).

## Notable alumni

## InfoBox

| Muskegon Catholic Central High School | |
| --- | --- |
| Address | |
|  | |
| 1145 West Laketon Avenue
Muskegon, Michigan 49441
United States | |
| Coordinates | 43°13′8″N 86°16′21″W / 43.21889°N 86.27250°W / 43.21889; -86.27250 |
| Information | |
| Type | Private, Coeducational |
| Religious affiliation(s) | Roman Catholic |
| Established | 1955 |
| President | Jennifer Fellinger |
| Principal | Stephanie Callow |
| Grades | 12 |
| Enrollment | 130 |
| Color(s) | Green and Gold |
| Athletics conference | Alliance League |
| Nickname | The Crusaders |
| Yearbook | *Michigan Non-public School Accrediting Association (MNSAA)* |
| Website | www.muskegoncatholic.org |


title: Şehriban, Bala

abstract: Şehriban is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Bala, Ankara Province, Turkey. Its population is 239 (2022).

text:
# Şehriban, Bala

**Şehriban** is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Bala, Ankara Province, Turkey. Its population is 239 (2022).

## InfoBox

| Şehriban | |
| --- | --- |
| Neighbourhood | |
| ŞehribanLocation in TurkeyŞehribanŞehriban (Turkey Central Anatolia) | |
| Coordinates: 39°37′N 33°16′E / 39.617°N 33.267°E / 39.617; 33.267 | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Ankara |
| District | Bala |
| Population (2022) | 239 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |


title: Nicholas Fenwick

abstract: Nicholas Fenwick of Pilgrim Street, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, and Lemington, Northumberland was a British Tory politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1727 to 1747. Fenwick was the eldest son of Robert Fenwick, merchant and mayor of Newcastle in 1708, and Isabella Ellison, daughter of Cuthbert Ellison of Hebburn, county Durham. He married Elizabeth Baker, daughter of George Baker of Crook, county Durham on 21 October 1713. She died in March 1715. He married as his second wife on 9 May 1716, Elizabeth Clavering, daughter of Sir James Clavering, 4th Baronet, of Axwell, county Durham. By her, he acquired Lemington, in Alnwick, where he practised forestry. He received a gold medal from the Society of Arts for his forestry work. Fenwick was admitted to the Merchant Adventurers Company in 1712. He was Mayor of Newcastle in 1726. At the 1727 British general election he was returned as Tory Member of Parliament for Newcastle-upon-Tyne. He voted against the Administration in every recorded division. In 1733 he was given a vote of thanks by the Merchant Adventurers for his keen opposition to the Excise Bill. He was returned again at the 1734 British general election. In 1736 he was Mayor of Newcastle again. He was returned again at the 1741 British general election. He was Mayor of Newcastle again for the years 1746 and 1747. He retired from Parliament at the 1747 British general election. Fenwick died in 1752 and was buried on 27 February..He had six son and seven daughters by his second wife.

text:
# Nicholas Fenwick

**Nicholas Fenwick** (c. 1693–1752) of Pilgrim Street, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, and Lemington, Northumberland was a British Tory politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1727 to 1747.

Fenwick was the eldest son of Robert Fenwick, merchant and mayor of Newcastle in 1708, and Isabella Ellison, daughter of Cuthbert Ellison of Hebburn, county Durham. He married Elizabeth Baker, daughter of George Baker of Crook, county Durham on 21 October 1713. She died in March 1715. He married as his second wife on 9 May 1716, Elizabeth Clavering, daughter of Sir James Clavering, 4th Baronet, of Axwell, county Durham. By her, he acquired Lemington, in Alnwick, where he practised forestry. He received a gold medal from the Society of Arts for his forestry work.

Fenwick was admitted to the Merchant Adventurers Company in 1712. He was Mayor of Newcastle in 1726. At the 1727 British general election he was returned as Tory Member of Parliament for Newcastle-upon-Tyne. He voted against the Administration in every recorded division. In 1733 he was given a vote of thanks by the Merchant Adventurers for his keen opposition to the Excise Bill. He was returned again at the 1734 British general election. In 1736 he was Mayor of Newcastle again. He was returned again at the 1741 British general election. He was Mayor of Newcastle again for the years 1746 and 1747. He retired from Parliament at the 1747 British general election.

Fenwick died in 1752 and was buried on 27 February..He had six son and seven daughters by his second wife.


title: Leicester Square

abstract: Leicester Square is a pedestrianised square in the West End of London, England. It was laid out in 1670 as Leicester Fields, which was named after the recently built Leicester House, itself named after Robert Sidney, 2nd Earl of Leicester. The square was originally a gentrified residential area, with tenants including Frederick, Prince of Wales and the artists William Hogarth and Joshua Reynolds. It became more down-market in the late 18th century as Leicester House was demolished and retail developments took place, becoming a centre for entertainment. Major theatres were built in the 19th century, which were converted to cinemas towards the middle of the next. Leicester Square is the location of nationally significant cinemas such as the Odeon Luxe Leicester Square and Empire, Leicester Square, which are often used for film premieres. The nearby Prince Charles Cinema is known for its screenings of cult films and marathon film runs. The square remains a tourist attraction which hosts events, including for the Chinese New Year. The square has always had a park in its centre, which was originally common land. The park's fortunes have varied over the centuries, reaching near dilapidation in the mid-19th century after changing ownership several times. It was restored under the direction of Albert Grant, which included the construction of four new statues and a fountain of William Shakespeare. The square was extensively refurbished and remodelled for the 2012 Summer Olympics at a cost of more than £15 million.

text:
# Leicester Square

**Leicester Square** (/ˈlɛstər/  *LEST-ər*) is a pedestrianised square in the West End of London, England. It was laid out in 1670 as **Leicester Fields**, which was named after the recently built Leicester House, itself named after Robert Sidney, 2nd Earl of Leicester. The square was originally a gentrified residential area, with tenants including Frederick, Prince of Wales and the artists William Hogarth and Joshua Reynolds. It became more down-market in the late 18th century as Leicester House was demolished and retail developments took place, becoming a centre for entertainment. Major theatres were built in the 19th century, which were converted to cinemas towards the middle of the next. Leicester Square is the location of nationally significant cinemas such as the Odeon Luxe Leicester Square and Empire, Leicester Square, which are often used for film premieres. The nearby Prince Charles Cinema is known for its screenings of cult films and marathon film runs. The square remains a tourist attraction which hosts events, including for the Chinese New Year.

The square has always had a park in its centre, which was originally common land. The park's fortunes have varied over the centuries, reaching near dilapidation in the mid-19th century after changing ownership several times. It was restored under the direction of Albert Grant, which included the construction of four new statues and a fountain of William Shakespeare. The square was extensively refurbished and remodelled for the 2012 Summer Olympics at a cost of more than £15 million.

## Geography

The square lies within an area bound by Lisle Street, to the north; Charing Cross Road, to the east; Orange Street, to the south; and Whitcomb Street, to the west. The park at the centre of the square is bound by Cranbourn Street, to the north; Leicester Street, to the east; Irving Street, to the south; and a section of road designated simply as Leicester Square, to the west. It is within the City of Westminster, north of Trafalgar Square, east of Piccadilly Circus, west of Covent Garden, and south of Cambridge Circus.

The nearest London Underground station is Leicester Square, which opened in 1906. London bus routes 24, 29 and 176 run on nearby Charing Cross Road.

Leicester Square has also been used as the name for the immediate surrounding area, roughly corresponding with Coventry Street, Cranbourn Street, Charing Cross Road and St Martin's Street. This includes Bear Street, Haymarket, Hobhouse Court (named after Sir John Cam Hobhouse), Hunt's Court (after Samuel Hunt, 17th century carpenter and leaseholder), Irving Street (after actor Henry Irving), Orange Street (named after William III, Prince of Orange), Oxendon Street (after Sir Henry Oxenden, 1st Baronet), Panton Street (after local property dealer Thomas Panton), and Trafalgar Square.

## History

### 16th–18th centuries

The land where Leicester Square now lies once belonged to the Abbot and Convent of Westminster Abbey and the Beaumont family. In 1536, Henry VIII took control of 3 acres (1.2 ha) of land around the square, with the remaining 4 acres (1.6 ha) being transferred to the king the following year. The square is named after Robert Sidney, 2nd Earl of Leicester, who purchased this land in 1630. By 1635, he had built himself a large house, Leicester House, at the northern end. The area in front of the house was then enclosed, depriving inhabitants of St Martin in the Fields parish of their right to use the previously common land. The parishioners appealed to King Charles I, and he appointed three members of the privy council to arbitrate. Lord Leicester was ordered to keep part of his land (thereafter known as Leicester Fields and later as Leicester Square) open for the parishioners.

The square was laid out to the south of Leicester House and developed in the 1670s. The area was originally entirely residential, with properties laid out in a similar style to nearby Pall Mall. In 1687, the northern part of the square became part of the new parish of St Anne, Soho. The 7th Earl of Leicester took ownership of the property in 1728 and it was the residence of Frederick, Prince of Wales, from 1742 until his death in 1751 and that of his wife Princess Augusta until 1771. The poet Matthew Prior lived at what is now No. 21 around 1700 and artist William Hogarth resided at No 30 between 1733 and 1764, where he produced some of his best known works including *Gin Lane*. The magistrate Thomas de Veil, later to found Bow Street Magistrates' Court, lived at No 40 between 1729 and 1737; this location is now The Londoner hotel and Odeon Luxe West End cinema. The painter Joshua Reynolds lived at No 47 from 1760 until his death in 1792; this location is now Fanum House, once the Automobile Association head office.

At the end of the 17th century, Lord Leicester's heir, Philip Sidney, 3rd Earl of Leicester, permitted a small amount of retail development in booths along the front of Leicester House. A statue of George I was built on the square in 1760 following the coronation of his great-grandson, George III. The square remained fashionable throughout most of the 18th century, with notable residents including the architect James Stuart at No 35 from 1766 to 1788 and the painter John Singleton Copley at No. 28 from 1776 to 1783.

Leicester House was intermittently inhabited during the mid-18th century, and was finally sold to the naturalist Ashton Lever in 1775. Lever turned the house into a museum with a significant amount of natural history objects. In turn, the square began to serve as a venue for popular entertainments. Brothels began to appear around Leicester Square during the century, and visitors could pay to watch the severed heads of traitors executed at Temple Bar through a telescope. Leicester House became home of a museum of natural curiosities called the Holophusikon in the 1780s. It was demolished in 1791–72 due to rising debts following the extinction of the Leicester peerage, and replaced by Leicester Place. That in turn was converted into a church in 1865 and is now the site of the Prince Charles Cinema.

In 1790, a new Royal Opera House was proposed to be built in Leicester Square. The scheme was led by the Prince of Wales, Francis Russell, 5th Duke of Bedford and James Cecil, 1st Marquess of Salisbury and aimed to re-establish London as a centre for Italian opera and ballet, with an opera house to rival those in mainland Europe. The opera house was never built, as the royal patent needed at that time to license a theatre was refused. The plans for the original design are preserved in Sir John Soane's Museum, while a 1790 painting by William Hodges, which displays the finished design, belongs to the Museum of London.

### 19th–21st centuries

By the 19th century, Leicester Square was known as an entertainment venue, with many amusements peculiar to the era, including Wyld's Great Globe, which was built for the Great Exhibition of 1851 and housed a giant scale map of the Earth. The construction of New Coventry Street made it easier for traffic to access the square, resulting in private residences being replaced by shops, museums and exhibition centres. Savile House at No. 5–6, built in 1683 for Thomas Bruce, 2nd Earl of Ailesbury, had become a museum by this time, and was ultimately destroyed by fire in 1865. It was rebuilt as the Empire Theatre.

Several foreign-owned hotels were established around the square, making it popular with visitors to London. Brunet's Hôtel at No. 25 was opened by Louis Brunet in 1800, later expanding to Nos. 24 and 26 during the following decade. It was bought by Francis Jaunay in 1815 known as Jaunay's Hôtel. The Hôtel Sablonière et de Provence opened at No. 17–18 in 1845 as the Hôtel de Provence, and renamed in 1869. It closed in 1919 and became a public house. The Cavour, at No. 20 at the southeast of the square, opened in 1864. It was badly damaged in World War II but subsequently restored.

The Alhambra Theatre was built in 1854 on the east side of the square, dominating the site. It temporarily closed two years later when the original owner, Edward Clarke, became bankrupt, but then reopened in 1858 as the Alhambra Palace. It enjoyed a surge in popularity after Queen Victoria and family came to see "Black Eagle – The Horse of Beauty". It burned down in 1882, but reopened the following year. In the early 20th century, the theatre became a popular venue for ballet. It was demolished in 1936 and replaced by the Odeon Cinema. The Empire Theatre of Varieties opened in 1884 on the former site of Savile House, but had a troubled start, closing for a time, until the end of the decade. The theatre gained a reputation for high-class prostitutes frequenting the theatre, and in 1894 the London County Council ordered the promenade on the upper balcony to be remodelled. A young Winston Churchill, then a cadet at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, helped destroy canvas screens that had been erected to prevent access to the balcony. The theatre closed in 1927, to be replaced by the Empire Cinema.

During the Winter of Discontent, where the incumbent Labour Party struggled to meet demands of trade unions and a shrinking economy, refuse collectors went on strike in January 1979. Leicester Square was turned into a *de facto* dump, earning it the nickname of "Fester Square". In the 1980s, the square was pedestrianised, cutting off all vehicular traffic. Access to the square for goods and deliveries is now controlled by specially designated marshals.

By the start of the 21st century, Westminster City Council were concerned that the square was too dangerous at night, and wanted to demolish sections of it to encourage the growth of theatres and cinemas, and reduce popularity of nightclubs. In 2010, a major redevelopment of Leicester Square took place as part of a Great Outdoors scheme proposed by the Mayor of London, Boris Johnson. The improvements included 12,000 square metres (130,000 sq ft) of granite paving and a water feature surrounding the Shakespeare statue. The square re-opened in May 2012 after 17 months' work at a total cost of £15.3 million. The Greater London Authority said the refurbishments would accommodate more than 1,000 new jobs. The re-opening coincided with the 2012 Summer Olympics later that year.

## Features

### Gardens square

In the middle of the square is a small park that was originally available for common use on Lammas Day (12 August), such as washing clothes and herding cattle. The Earl of Leicester was obliged to preserve these grounds, which were separated from the rest of the square with railings. In 1808, the garden was sold by the Leicester Estate to Charles Elmes for £210 (equivalent to £20,687 in 2023), who neglected to maintain it. Ownership changed hands a number of times during the first half of the 19th century, including Robert Barren following Elmes' death in 1822, John Inderwick in 1834, and Hyam Hyams and Edward Moxhay in 1839. Little maintenance was done and the garden deteriorated to the point of severe dilapidation.

In 1848, the land was subject to the significant legal case of *Tulk v Moxhay*. The plot's previous owner, Moxhay, had agreed upon a covenant not to erect buildings but the law would not allow buyers who were not "privy" to the initial contract to be bound by subsequent promises. The judge, Lord Cottenham, decided that future owners of land could be bound by promises to abstain from activity, subject to the doctrine of notice (actual or constructive). Otherwise, a buyer could (re-)sell land to himself to undermine an initial promise. James Wyld bought the assets of the garden from the Tulk and Moxhay's death estates in 1849 to erect the Great Globe, though buried the statue of George I under 12 feet of earth with the globe stuck on top. The statue was uncovered following the globe's demise, but by 1866 it had deteriorated due to vandalism and was sold for £16. Arguments continued about the fate of the garden, with Charles Augustus Tulk's heirs erecting a wooden hoarding around the property in 1873. These were quickly removed after the Master of the Rolls ordered that the land must be preserved for its original purpose.

The garden was saved by the Member of Parliament (MP) Albert Grant, who purchased the park in 1874 for £11,060 and donated it to the Metropolitan Board of Works. The title deed for the square passed to the succeeding public bodies and is now in the ownership of the City of Westminster. After the purchase, the architect James Knowles redesigned the park. A statue of William Shakespeare surrounded by dolphins was constructed in the centre. The four corner gates of the park had one bust each of famous former residents in the square: the scientist Sir Isaac Newton designed by William Calder Marshall; Sir Joshua Reynolds, the first President of the Royal Academy by Henry Weekes; John Hunter, a pioneer of surgery, by Thomas Woolner; and William Hogarth, the painter, by Joseph Durham. Ownership transferred to Westminster City Council in 1933. The most recent addition was a bronze statue of film star and director Sir Charlie Chaplin, designed by sculptor John Doubleday in 1981. On the pavement were inscribed the distances in miles to several Commonwealth countries, including Canada, Kenya and Jamaica. After the Great Outdoors refurbishment of the square, only the statue of Shakespeare still remains.

### Entertainment

Since the 19th century, Leicester Square has been known for its entertainment venues, including the Alhambra and Empire theatres and the nearby Daly's Theatre, which opened in 1893, and the Hippodrome, which opened in 1900. One of the signs marking the square bears the legend "Theatreland". In the 20th century, most of these large theatres became cinemas and the area is the centre of London's cinema scene and the prime location in the United Kingdom for film premieres. Since the 1980s, it has hosted the London Film Festival each year. The Odeon Leicester Square, on the site of the old Alhambra theatre, is the cinema with the most seats in a single screen in the United Kingdom. Similar to Grauman's Chinese Theatre in Hollywood, the square was surrounded by floor mounted plaques with film stars' names and cast handprints. During the 2010–2012 refurbishment, many of the plaques were removed, confusing tourists who still expected to find them there.

In the 1950s, the Hippodrome became a nightclub and is now a casino.

The Leicester Square Theatre is based in nearby Leicester Place. It was constructed in 1955 as a church, before becoming the Notre Dame Hall, then the Cavern in the Town, a popular live music venue in the 1960s. In the 1970s, it was renamed back to the Notre Dame Hall, where the Sex Pistols played one of their first gigs at the club on 15 November 1976. It was converted into a theatre in 2002 as The Venue, and refurbished as the Leicester Square Theatre in 2008 (using the name of an earlier cinema).

The square has been the home for *TKTS* (originally known as the Official London Half-Price Theatre Ticket Booth), since 1980. Tickets for theatre performances taking place around the West End that day and during the week are sold from the booth at a significant discount. The popularity of the booth has given rise to other booths and stores around the square that advertise half-price tickets for West End shows. The Official London Theatre Guide recommends avoiding these booths as they are not official and do not contain the Society of Ticket Agents & Retailers (STAR) logo.

Global Radio has its headquarters on the east side of Leicester Square at No. 30, close to the Odeon. The building houses the radio stations Capital, Capital Xtra, Classic FM, Gold, Heart, LBC, Smooth Radio and Radio X.

#### Cinemas

The Empire theatre on the north side of the square was converted into a cinema in 1928. It was the largest on the square until 1959, when a new projection box was built in the centre of the stalls for *Ben-Hur*, reducing the seating capacity from 2,778 to 1,723. In 1961, the building was gutted and a new cinema and dance hall were built in the shell. In 2013 the main auditorium was divided into two screens, including an IMAX screen.

Adjoining the Empire was the Ritz Cinema, opened by MGM in 1937. It played *Gone With the Wind* for four years from 1940 to 1944. It became a second screen for the Empire in 1972 and was converted to a 4DX screen in 2018. In 2023 it was closed due to a dispute with the building's landlord.

On the south side, the Leicester Square Theatre opened in 1930. It was renamed the Odeon West End in 1988 and was earmarked for demolition in 2014, to be replaced by a ten-storey hotel including a two-screen cinema. The new cinema opened in 2021 as the Odeon Luxe West End.

The Odeon Leicester Square, which dominates the east side of the square, hosts many film premieres. Opened in 1937 on the site of the Alhambra Theatre, it originally had a capacity for 2,116 people, arranged in circle and stalls. Following changes at the Empire, in the 1960s it became the largest cinema on the square. It later became the largest cinema in the United Kingdom. The seating capacity was reduced to 800 following refurbishment in 2018.

On the other side of the Empire was the Queen's Hotel, which started showing newsreels in the 1930s and was then converted into a Jacey Cinema in 1960. It closed in 1978 and is now a casino.

The Warner Theatre, near the north east corner, opened in 1938 on the site of the former Daly's Theatre. The Warner was demolished and rebuilt in 1993. In 2004, it was taken over by Vue. In 2006, it was one of the first two cinemas in Europe to screen a film in Digital 3D with *Chicken Little*.

A short distance from the west of the square, on the south side of Panton Street, is the Odeon Panton Street. The Prince Charles Cinema, to the north of the square opened in 1962 with a "satellite dish" design where the audience looks upwards to the stage. The cinema became known for showing pornographic and erotic films during the 1970s, including *Emmanuelle* (1974). It later became a favourite venue for showing cult films, including *The Rocky Horror Picture Show* (1975) and a sing-along version of *The Sound of Music* (1965), and marathon performances including all seven Muppet films back to back. Prices are considerably cheaper than the main cinemas in the square; in 2013 a ticket for a new release at the Prince Charles cost £10, compared to £24 at the Odeon.

Due to the Leicester Square's long association with cinema, a film-themed sculpture trail entitled *Scenes in the Square* was installed. In February 2020, eight sculptures were installed which depict characters from the last 100 years of cinema including Laurel and Hardy, Mary Poppins, Batman, Bugs Bunny, Don Lockwood portrayed by Gene Kelly, Paddington Bear, Mr. Bean, and Wonder Woman. In September 2020, a statue of Harry Potter riding a Nimbus 2000 was installed, becoming the ninth statue in the exhibition. In June 2021, a statue of the Iron Throne from HBO TV series *Game of Thrones* was unveiled to mark 10 years since the release of the first episode.

### Other attractions

Leicester Square is one of several places in the West End that puts on events relating to the Chinese New Year. The celebrations are organised by the London Chinatown Chinese Association and held on the first Sunday during the new year period. Events include music, acrobatics and dancing. In 2015, the celebrations attracted more than 1,000 participants, becoming the largest of their kind in the UK. These included lion dances, a show of the Cultures of China and a drum show. A parade ran nearby through Charing Cross Road and Shaftesbury Avenue.

The Royal Dental Hospital and school was based at 40–41 from 1874 to 1901 and at 31–36 from 1901 to 1985, when the building was redeveloped as the Hampshire Hotel.

The School of English operated on Leicester Square from 1992 until its closure in 2015. It taught over 25,000 students during its years of operation.

To the west of the square was the location for the Swiss Centre from 1966 to 2008. The area is now named Swiss Court and still features a Swiss glockenspiel clock. M&M's World is now on the former site of the Swiss Centre.

The world's largest Lego store opened at 3 Swiss Court in November 2016. The opening was marked by unveiling a 6-metre (20 ft) high model of Big Ben made out of 200,000 Lego bricks.

In 2022, Burger King announced it would open its first meat-free restaurant in Leicester Square. The restaurant is scheduled to operate from 14 March to 10 April.

### Infrastructure

The main electrical substation for the West End is beneath the square. The electrical cables to the substation are in a large tunnel ending at Leicester Square, and originating in Wimbledon, at Plough Lane, behind the former Wimbledon F.C. football ground, before which the cables are above ground.

## Cultural references

In 1726, anatomist Nathaniel St André claimed to have delivered rabbits from Mary Toft, a woman who lived at No. 27 Leicester Square. The event was widely reported around London, attracting interest from King George I and Royal Society president Hans Sloane. Shortly afterwards, the woman was caught trying to buy a rabbit in secret, and the incident was uncovered as a hoax.

Leicester Square is commemorated in the lyrics of the music hall song "It's a Long Way to Tipperary" along with nearby Piccadilly, which became popular with soldiers during World War I. During the war, British inmates of Ruhleben Prisoner of War camp mentioned the square in a song: "Shout this chorus all you can. We want the people there, to hear in Leicester Square, That we're the boys that never get downhearted." It is mentioned in the lyrics of several rock & pop band tracks, including the Rolling Stones' notorious "Cocksucker Blues", (1970) "Jeffrey Goes To Leicester Square" on Jethro Tull's album *Stand Up* (1969), "Emit Remmus" on the album *Californication* by the Red Hot Chili Peppers (1999), "He's on the Phone" (1995) by Saint Etienne and "Leicester Square" on Rancid's *Life Won't Wait* (1998). A verse in "Something About England" on the Clash's 1980 album *Sandinista!* refers back to "It's a Long Way to Tipperary", including a reference to Leicester Square.

Leicester Square is one of a group of three on the British *Monopoly* board along with Coventry Street and Piccadilly. The board was set out by designers Victor Watson and Marge Phillips in the order of entertainment on a Saturday night: film at Leicester Square, meal in Coventry Street and hotel on Piccadilly.

## Pronunciation

The word *Leicester* features the ending *cester* which is with rare exceptions spoken as a simplified pronunciation, so is counterintuitive, a quirk of British English. A report by Premier Inn said Leicester Square was the most mispronounced place in the UK by tourists, usually as "/lˈɛstər/" ("Lie-chester") Square.

### Explanatory notes

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18. Weinreb et al 2008, pp. 478–479.
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24. F H W Sheppard, ed. (1966). "Leicester Square, East Side: Leicester Estate, Nos 17–30 Leicester Square and Irving Street (formerly Green Street)". *Survey of London*. 33–34: St Anne Soho. London: 448–503. Archived from the original on 10 December 2015. Retrieved 4 January 2016.
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34. *Tulk v. Moxhay* (1848) 41 ER 1143 (Court Rolls)
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38. Fullman 2008, p. 72.
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68. "Thousands celebrate Chinese New Year in London". *BBC News*. 22 February 2015. Archived from the original on 8 October 2015. Retrieved 10 October 2015.
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72. "London's Leicester Square School of English closes". British Universities' International Liaison Association. 17 January 2015. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 4 January 2016.
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74. Gormley, Paul (10 September 2010). "100% of redeveloped Swiss Centre on London's Leicester Square let with signing of 'M&M'S World' store - McAleer & Rushe". *Mcaleer-rushe.co.uk*. Archived from the original on 18 August 2016. Retrieved 17 June 2024.
75. "World's largest LEGO store opens in Leicester Square". *The Daily Telegraph*. 17 November 2016. Archived from the original on 26 November 2016. Retrieved 25 November 2016.
76. "The Lego Store – London Leicester Square". Lego (official website). Archived from the original on 26 November 2016. Retrieved 25 November 2016.
77. "Burger King launches its first meat-free restaurant in UK". *The Independent*. 11 March 2022. Retrieved 11 March 2022.
78. *Tunnelling Under London: Developments in cable tunnel design provide an economic and environmental solution to system reinforcement* John Mathews (London Electricity, 1996) Archived 31 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine accessed 6 November 2007
79. "The prisoners of war who made Little Britain in Berlin". *BBC News*. 29 July 2014. Archived from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 3 October 2015.
80. "Rolling Stones – Cocksucker Blues". MetroLyrics. Archived from the original on 27 October 2015. Retrieved 10 October 2015.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
81. "Jethro Tull – Jeffrey Goes to Leicester Square". MetroLyrics. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 10 October 2015.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
82. "Red Hot Chili Peppers : Emit Remmus". MetroLyrics. Archived from the original on 27 February 2016. Retrieved 10 October 2015.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
83. "He's on the Phone Lyrics". Archived from the original on 8 September 2018. Retrieved 7 September 2018.
84. "Rancid : Leicester Square". MetroLyrics. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 10 October 2015.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
85. "Something About England : The Clash". MetroLyrics. Archived from the original on 13 June 2016. Retrieved 12 June 2016.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
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### General and cited references

* Black, Barbara J. (2000). *On Exhibit: Victorians and Their Museums*. University of Virginia Press. ISBN 978-0-813-91897-6.
* Fairfield, Sheila (1983). *The Streets of London: A Dictionary of the Names and Their Origins*. Papermac. ISBN 978-0-333-28649-4.
* Fullman, Joseph (2008). *Take the Kids London*. New Holland Publishers. ISBN 978-1-86011-398-7.
* Moore, Tim (2003). *Do Not Pass Go*. Vintage. ISBN 978-0-09-943386-6.
* Piper, David; Jervis, Fionnuala (2000). *The Companion Guide to London*. Companion Guides. ISBN 978-1-900-63936-1.
* Weinreb, Ben; Hibbert, Christopher; Keay, Julia; Keay, John (2008). *The London Encyclopedia*. Pan MacMillan. ISBN 978-1-4050-4924-5.
* Wheeler, Paul (2009). *High Definition Cinematography*. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-136-05449-5.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

Leicester Square
| Leicester Square in July 2012, following redevelopment | |
| --- | --- |
| Location within Central London | |
| Maintained by | Westminster City Council |
| Location | City of Westminster, Central London |
| Postal code | WC2 |
| Nearest tube station | Leicester Square |
| Coordinates | 51°30′37″N 0°07′48″W / 51.5104°N 0.1301°W / 51.5104; -0.1301 |
| Construction | |
| Inauguration | 1670 |
| Other | |
| Designer | Robert Sidney, 2nd Earl of Leicester |
| Known for |  |
| Website | www.leicestersquare.london |


title: Lyle Yost

abstract: Lyle E. Yost was an agriculture equipment manufacturer and inventor in the United States. Yost was the designer and inventor of the 1947 unloading auger, the catalyst for the development of Hesston Manufacturing in Hesston, Kansas. The device was used to unload grain from farm combines. The company's controlling stake was sold to Italian corporation Fiat Trattori in 1977. The remainder of the company was purchased in 1987 by the same firm. In 1991, a year after being established, AGCO Corporation purchased the rights to Hesston Manufacturing. Yost's success in the agriculture industry led to multiple awards and accolades, including articles about his success in Fortune and Forbes.

text:
# Lyle Yost

**Lyle E. Yost** (March 5, 1913  April 5, 2012) was an agriculture equipment manufacturer and inventor in the United States.

Yost was the designer and inventor of the 1947 unloading auger, the catalyst for the development of Hesston Manufacturing in Hesston, Kansas. The device was used to unload grain from farm combines. The company's controlling stake was sold to Italian corporation Fiat Trattori in 1977. The remainder of the company was purchased in 1987 by the same firm. In 1991, a year after being established, AGCO Corporation purchased the rights to Hesston Manufacturing.

Yost's success in the agriculture industry led to multiple awards and accolades, including articles about his success in *Fortune* and *Forbes*.

## InfoBox

| Lyle Yost | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1913-03-05)March 5, 1913
Hesston, Kansas, US |
| Died | April 5, 2012(2012-04-05) (aged 99)
Hesston, Kansas, US |
| Alma mater | Goshen College |
| Known for | Agriculture equipment manufacturer, Inventor |
| Children | 3 sons, 1 daughter |


title: Some People (Cliff Richard song)

abstract: "Some People" is a song by English singer Cliff Richard, released in August 1987 as the second single from his 1987 studio album, Always Guaranteed. The song reached number three on the UK Singles Chart and was certified silver by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) for shipments over 250,000. The song reached the top 10 in several other countries as well. The song was written by Alan Tarney, who had previously written some of Richard's most successful tracks since his 1976 renaissance, including "We Don't Talk Anymore", "Dreamin'", "A Little in Love" and "Wired for Sound". A live version of the song was released in 1990 on Richard's From a Distance: The Event album.

text:
# Some People (Cliff Richard song)

"**Some People**" is a song by English singer Cliff Richard, released in August 1987 as the second single from his 1987 studio album, *Always Guaranteed*. The song reached number three on the UK Singles Chart and was certified silver by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) for shipments over 250,000. The song reached the top 10 in several other countries as well.

The song was written by Alan Tarney, who had previously written some of Richard's most successful tracks since his 1976 renaissance, including "We Don't Talk Anymore", "Dreamin'", "A Little in Love" and "Wired for Sound". A live version of the song was released in 1990 on Richard's *From a Distance: The Event* album.

## Track listings

**UK 7-inch single (EM 18)**

1. "Some People"
2. "One Time Lover Man"

**UK 12-inch single (12EM 18)**

1. "Some People" (Extended Version)
2. "One Time Lover Man"
3. "Reunion of the Heart"

**UK CD video single (EMCDV 3)**

1. "My Pretty One" (audio only)
2. "Reunion of the Heart" (audio only)
3. "Under the Gun" (audio only)
4. "Remember Me" (audio only)
5. "Some People" (video)

## Charts

## Certifications

Certifications and sales for "Some People"
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| United Kingdom (BPI) | Silver | 250,000^ |
| ^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## InfoBox

| "Some People" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Cliff Richard | |
| from the album  *Always Guaranteed* | |
| B-side | "One Time Lover Man" |
| Released | 17 August 1987 (1987-08-17) |
| Studio | RG Jones, London |
| Length | 3:51 |
| Label | EMI |
| Songwriter(s) | Alan Tarney |
| Producer(s) | Alan Tarney |
| Cliff Richard singles chronology | |
| "My Pretty One"
(1987) "**Some People**"
(1987) "Remember Me"
(1987) | |
|  | |
| Music video | |
| "Some People" on YouTube | |
|  | |


title: New Year's Eve in London

text:
# New Year's Eve in London

The New Year's Eve festivities in London, England, have regularly consisted of a midnight fireworks show. The focal point of the festivities are the South Bank, where the chimes of Big Ben at midnight signify the arrival of the new year, and pyrotechnics are launched from barges along the River Thames and from the London Eye observation wheel.

New Year's Eve celebrations were first held in an organised fashion in 1999 to celebrate the arrival of the year 2000, and produced by Ten Alps on behalf of the Greater London Authority. Due to disputes with the city, the New Year's fireworks shows were not held again regularly until New Year's Eve 2004, where Jack Morton Worldwide began to organise the show on behalf of the Greater London Authority.

Public New Year's Eve festivities in London were suspended in 2021 and 2022 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, being replaced by broadcast-only events due to restrictions or uncertainties surrounding public gatherings. These presentations for New Year's Eve included a fireworks and drone show, held at different London landmarks rather than the South Bank. The event returned to the South Bank for 2023, with events firm Identity assuming production duties on behalf of the Greater London Authority.

## History

### 2000–05

A 20-minute New Year's fireworks display was organised by the Greater London Authority for the first time to celebrate the year 2000. It was produced by Bob Geldof's Ten Alps, and estimated to have been seen in-person by three million people. It was announced that the show would feature an effect at midnight consisting of 200 feet (61 m)-tall flames in an "advancing river of fire going upstream at 650 mph" down the Thames (representing the speed of the Earth's rotation), although the "river of fire" effect was panned by critics and spectators who believed that the result did not resemble what was suggested by the organisers. Geldof believed that the event was successful, and hoped that it would become an annual tradition. In the aftermath of the events, there were reports of overcrowding on the London Underground, and the Metropolitan Police had to pay £3 million in overtime.

The GLA planned to host a second event for New Year's Eve 2001, which would also be organised by Ten Alps, and co-produced by Syd Howard—the Australian producer of Sydney New Year's Eve and fireworks during the 2000 Summer Olympics. Unlike 2000, the main fireworks display would have instead taken place earlier in the evening at 7 p.m., with a smaller display at midnight. However, in November 2000, it was announced that the event had been cancelled due to safety concerns raised by the Underground and London police. Approximately 80,000 revellers gathered around Trafalgar Square to celebrate the New Year, as had been a tradition for many years.

A fireworks show returned for 2003–04 event, with Jack Morton Worldwide becoming producer. Ahead of the 2004–05 event, London Assembly member Bob Neill argued that London's New Year's Eve festivities were not as good as those of Paris or New York City—two of its competitors in bids for the 2012 Summer Olympics—stating that "If we are to be a serious contender for the Olympics we want to be able to show that London can put on a decent show." Out of respect for the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami, a planned light show approaching the fireworks was cancelled and replaced by a moment of silence for victims of the tragedy.

### 2011–2020

| Year | Title | Description |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 201112 | "Olympic Celebration" | Themed around London's hosting of the 2012 Summer Olympics. In a one-off event, fireworks were fired outwards from the top of the Elizabeth Tower. Fireworks were launched in the shape and colour of the Olympic flag, in a display that lasted approximately eleven minutes compared to being reduced to eight minutes in 2010. |
| 201213 | "Best Of 2012" | The fireworks were themed around events that occurred in the United Kingdom in 2012, including achievements by Great Britain during the 2012 Summer Olympics and Paralympics, and the Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II. |
| 201314 | "City of Firsts" | The theme of the show were the many "firsts" that have come from the United Kingdom and London; the event was promoted as the first "multi-sensory" fireworks display (with sponsorship from Vodafone), with fruit-scented mists and edible flavoured foam sprayed throughout the performance in coordination with the visuals. |
| 201415 | "World Class City" | The designer of the display stated that the fireworks would focus on how London could maintain its reputation as a "world-class city". Controversially, a £10 charge was introduced by the Mayor of London, Boris Johnson, for tickets to the official viewing areas. |
| 201516 | "Happy Blue Year" | Mayor Boris Johnson announced a partnership with UNICEF's New Year's Resolution for Children campaign to support children affected by the Syrian civil war. Multiple London and Edinburgh landmarks were illuminated with blue lights on New Year's Eve in support of the appeal. |
| 201617 | "Reflections" | The display focused on reflections of the past year, with themes focusing on Great Britain's achievements at the 2016 Summer Olympics and Paralympics in Rio de Janeiro. The display also paid homage to Prince, David Bowie and Ronnie Corbett, who all died in 2016. |
| 201718 | "Women 100" | The display honoured the then-upcoming centennial of women's suffrage in the United Kingdom. A series of 23 red fireworks set to Ariana Grande's "One Last Time" were launched in remembrance of the 23 people who died in the Manchester Arena bombing. |
| 201819 | "London Is Open" | The theme of the show was London's "relationship with Europe"; it opened with the phrase "London is open" spoken in multiple languages, and featured a sequence in which the London Eye was lit in the colours of the flag of Europe. The theme was also reflected in some of the featured songs, such as "Don't Leave Me Alone", "Stay", and "We Are Your Friends". The show was criticised by supporters of Brexit for containing political gestures. |
| 201920 | "British New Decade" | The display featured music and soundbites relating to the then-upcoming UEFA Euro 2020, during which London would host seven matches, including the final. |

### 2020–present

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic in England, the fireworks were not held as a public event for 2020–21 due to public health orders; due to the *Tier 4* restrictions in effect across the majority of England by 31 December, all gatherings were prohibited and everyone was prohibited from leaving their place of residence without "reasonable excuse". The fireworks were reformatted as a broadcast-only presentation featuring fireworks and drone shows at various locations across London. To discourage public viewing, the locations were not announced in advance.

The same format of a "live broadcast spectacular" was used for 2021–22; Mayor Sadiq Khan cited COVID-19 "uncertainties" (including what restrictions on events and gatherings, if any, would be in effect by New Year's Eve) and the possible financial impact of cancellation as factors. Khan did announce plans for a ticketed food and entertainment at Trafalgar Square, at which the "live broadcast spectacular" would also be screened. On 20 December 2021, the Trafalgar Square event was cancelled by Mayor Khan due to concerns regarding Omicron variant, and the fireworks were thus held at unannounced locations (albeit without strict restrictions on gatherings) for the second year in a row.

On 14 October 2022, Mayor Khan announced that the New Year's Eve fireworks would return to being a public event on the South Bank for 2022–23, promoting plans for them to be "the best ever". Drone shows were also incorporated into the public event, this time over Horse Guards Parade. The London-based event agency Identity took over production of the event on behalf of the Greater London Authority.

| Year | Title | Description |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 202021 | N/A | The display was a broadcast-only fireworks, light, and drone show featuring various locations in London, including The Shard, The O2, Tower Bridge, and Wembley Stadium. The show featured tributes to Captain Tom's charity walk, the National Health Service (NHS), remote teleconferencing, and the Black Lives Matter movement. The finale of the show included an environmental appeal narrated by David Attenborough, while the city also promoted the event as being London's most "environmentally-friendly" New Year's Eve event. |
| 202122 | | The display was a broadcast-only fireworks, light, and drone show featuring various locations in London, including Royal Naval College, Greenwich, The Shard, and the Millennium Bridge (where Giles Terera delivered a poem by Tomfoolery), and featured the "biggest ever drone display in the UK". The event featured tributes to Great Britain's achievements at the 2020 Summer Olympics, Emma Raducanu's victory at the US Open tennis tournament, and Elton John. The West End Musical Choir performed an ABBA medley at Shakespeare's Globe as a tribute to the theatre industry, and closed the show by performing "Auld Lang Syne". |
| 202223 | "2023 With Love from London" | The display featured a theme of "love and unity"; it featured segments acknowledging the death of Elizabeth II (which included audio of the Queen, a message from Judi Dench, and an environmental appeal by Charles III), the Russian invasion of Ukraine, and commemorations of England's victory in UEFA Women's Euro 2022, and the 50th anniversary of Pride in London (including a message from Peter Tatchell). The display featured drone sequences over Horse Guards Parade, including the message "2023 with love from London", and renditions of Elizabeth II and her royal cypher. |
| 202324 | "A Place for Everyone" | The display featured segments celebrating the coronation of Charles III and Camilla (accompanied with a message from actress Helen Mirren, who has portrayed Elizabeth I and II in film), the 75th anniversary of the NHS (accompanied with a message from Stephen Fry), the 75th anniversary of the arrival of the *Empire Windrush* (with Charles III and Floella Benjamin reciting Benjamin Zephaniah's poem "In This World"), and the 10th anniversary of recognition of same-sex marriage in England and Wales (accompanied by a message from Mayor Sadiq Khan). |

## Broadcast

The fireworks are primarily broadcast by BBC One as part of their annual New Year's Eve programme. The BBC also streams the event internationally on YouTube; the 2018–2019 show was filmed and streamed in 360-degree video.

The fireworks are broadcast by other networks as well, including ITV (which presents them during the special bulletin *ITV News Including New Year Bongs*) and Sky News.

## InfoBox

| London's New Year's Eve Fireworks | |
| --- | --- |
| 2015 display | |
| Genre | New Year's Eve event |
| Date(s) | 31 December/1 January |
| Begins | 8:00 PM (GMT) |
| Ends | 12:45 AM (GMT) |
| Frequency | Annually |
| Location(s) | Victoria Embankment, South Bank, River Thames and the London Eye |
| Years active | 2000–present |
| Inaugurated | 2000 |
| Founder | Mayor of London |
| Most recent | 2023–24 (2024) |
| Previous event | 2022–23 (2023) |
| Next event | 2024–25 (2025) |
| Attendance | \>100,000 (2023–24) |
| Budget | £4.5 million (2022–23) |
| Website | https://www.london.gov.uk/nye |


title: Vila Matilde (district of São Paulo)

abstract: Vila Matilde is one of 96 districts in the city of São Paulo, Brazil.

text:
# Vila Matilde (district of São Paulo)

23°32′19″S 46°31′38″W / 23.5387°S 46.5273°W / -23.5387; -46.5273

**Vila Matilde** is one of 96 districts in the city of São Paulo, Brazil.

## InfoBox

| Vila Matilde | |
| --- | --- |
| District of the city of São Paulo | |
| Country | Brazil |
| State | São Paulo |
| Municipality | São Paulo |
| Subprefecture | Penha |
| Area | |
| Total | 8.90 km2 (3.44 sq mi) |
| Population (2007) | |
| Total | 104,967 |
| Density | 11,792/km2 (30,540/sq mi) |
| Website | Subprefecture of Penha |


title: Muskegon Correctional Facility

abstract: Muskegon Correctional Facility (MCF) is a prison of the Michigan Department of Corrections in Muskegon, Michigan. It opened in 1974. Additional housing units opened since then to accommodate more prisoners. In 2010 the state of Michigan shut the prison down for two weeks to prepare for an arrival of prisoners from Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania had a contract with Michigan to house state prisoners in MCF, in order to alleviate overcrowding in the Pennsylvania Department of Corrections. Over 1,100 Pennsylvania prisoners were housed at MCF. The John S. Hausman of the Muskegon Chronicle said that the Pennsylvania contract was expected to be about four or five years long. After the opening of additional state prisons in Pennsylvania was imminent, Pennsylvania withdrew its prisoners from MCF in 2011. Beginning in late April 2011, one group of about 240 prisoners was moved out of MCF each week. Wednesday, May 25, 2011, was the final day of operations, and the final "ride-out" of 239 Pennsylvania prisoners occurred on that day. After the 2011 shutdown, 200 job positions ended. Most employees of MCF accepted vacant positions in the prison system or took jobs that were held by other prison system employees with less seniority. The facility reopened in October 2012.

text:
# Muskegon Correctional Facility

**Muskegon Correctional Facility** (**MCF**) is a prison of the Michigan Department of Corrections in Muskegon, Michigan. It opened in 1974. Additional housing units opened since then to accommodate more prisoners.

In 2010 the state of Michigan shut the prison down for two weeks to prepare for an arrival of prisoners from Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania had a contract with Michigan to house state prisoners in MCF, in order to alleviate overcrowding in the Pennsylvania Department of Corrections. Over 1,100 Pennsylvania prisoners were housed at MCF. The John S. Hausman of the *Muskegon Chronicle* said that the Pennsylvania contract was expected to be about four or five years long.

After the opening of additional state prisons in Pennsylvania was imminent, Pennsylvania withdrew its prisoners from MCF in 2011. Beginning in late April 2011, one group of about 240 prisoners was moved out of MCF each week. Wednesday, May 25, 2011, was the final day of operations, and the final "ride-out" of 239 Pennsylvania prisoners occurred on that day.

After the 2011 shutdown, 200 job positions ended. Most employees of MCF accepted vacant positions in the prison system or took jobs that were held by other prison system employees with less seniority.

The facility reopened in October 2012.

## InfoBox

Muskegon Correctional Facility (MCF)
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Coordinates | 43°12′20″N 86°10′21″W / 43.205675°N 86.172637°W / 43.205675; -86.172637 |
| Status | Open |
| Security class | Level II |
| Opened | 1974 (1974) |
| Managed by | Michigan Department of Corrections |
| Warden | James Schiebner |
| Street address | 2400 South Sheridan Drive |
| City | Muskegon |
| County | Muskegon County, Michigan |
| State/province | Michigan |
| ZIP Code | 49442 |
| Country | United States |
| Website | Official website |


title: North Marysville, Washington

abstract: North Marysville is a census-designated place (CDP) in Snohomish County, Washington, United States. The majority of the community and its 20,000 residents were annexed into the city of Marysville in 2009. The population was 108 at the 2010 census.

text:
# North Marysville, Washington

**North Marysville** is a census-designated place (CDP) in Snohomish County, Washington, United States. The majority of the community and its 20,000 residents were annexed into the city of Marysville in 2009. The population was 108 at the 2010 census.

## Geography

North Marysville is located at 48°5′48″N 122°9′18″W / 48.09667°N 122.15500°W / 48.09667; -122.15500 (48.096777, -122.155135).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 1.3 square miles (3.4 km2), all of it land.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1980 | 15,159 |  |  |
| 1990 | 18,711 |  | 23.4% |
| 2000 | 21,161 |  | 13.1% |
| 2010 | 108 |  | −99.5% |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |

As of the census of 2000, there were 21,161 people, 7,031 households, and 5,744 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 1,539.6 people per square mile (594.6/km2). There were 7,186 housing units at an average density of 522.8/sq mi (201.9/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 89.84% White, 0.71% African American, 1.27% Native American, 3.35% Asian, 0.17% Pacific Islander, 1.75% from other races, and 2.92% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.60% of the population.

There were 7,031 households, out of which 44.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 67.2% were married couples living together, 9.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 18.3% were non-families. 13.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.01 and the average family size was 3.27.

In the CDP, the age distribution of the population shows 30.9% under the age of 18, 7.4% from 18 to 24, 32.8% from 25 to 44, 21.2% from 45 to 64, and 7.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.7 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $56,699, and the median income for a family was $59,694. Males had a median income of $45,420 versus $29,935 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $20,842. About 3.6% of families and 4.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.6% of those under age 18 and 3.0% of those age 65 or over.

1. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
2. "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. October 25, 2007. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
3. Boxleitner, Kirk (November 12, 2009). "Marysville City Council votes 6-1 to annex 20,000 residents". *Marysville Globe*. Retrieved January 24, 2017.
4. "Incorporated Places and Minor Civil Divisions: Washington". *Population Census*. 2010 United States Census. July 18, 2011. Retrieved July 27, 2011.
5. "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011.

## InfoBox

| North Marysville, Washington | |
| --- | --- |
| CDP | |
| Location of North Marysville, Washington | |
| Coordinates: 48°5′48″N 122°9′18″W / 48.09667°N 122.15500°W / 48.09667; -122.15500 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Washington |
| County | Snohomish |
| Area | |
| Total | 1.3 sq mi (3.4 km2) |
| Land | 1.3 sq mi (3.4 km2) |
| Water | 0.0 sq mi (0.0 km2) |
| Elevation | 82 ft (25 m) |
| Population (2010) | |
| Total | 108 |
| Density | 83.3/sq mi (32.2/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-8 (Pacific (PST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-7 (PDT) |
| FIPS code | 53-49992 |
| GNIS feature ID | 1867623 |