title: Velilla de la Tercia

abstract: Velilla de la Tercia is a locality and minor local entity located in the municipality of Villamanín, in León province, Castile and León, Spain. As of 2020, it has a population of 5.

text:
# Velilla de la Tercia

**Velilla de la Tercia** is a locality and *minor local entity* located in the municipality of Villamanín, in León province, Castile and León, Spain. As of 2020, it has a population of 5.

## Geography

Velilla de la Tercia is located 50km north of León, Spain.

## InfoBox

| Velilla de la Tercia | |
| --- | --- |
| Minor local entity | |
| Velilla de la TerciaVelilla de la TerciaVelilla de la Tercia | |
| Coordinates: 42°56′52″N 5°38′10″W / 42.94778°N 5.63611°W / 42.94778; -5.63611 | |
| Country | Spain |
| Autonomous community | Castile and León |
| Province | Province of León |
| Municipality | Villamanín |
| Elevation | 1,187 m (3,894 ft) |
| Population | |
| Total | 5 |


abstract: Venezuela national cerebral palsy football team is the national cerebral football team for Venezuela that represents the team in international competitions. At the 2015 IFCPF World Championships, the team finished thirteenth in a fifteen deep field.

text:
# Venezuela national cerebral palsy football team

**Venezuela national cerebral palsy football team** is the national cerebral football team for Venezuela that represents the team in international competitions. At the 2015 IFCPF World Championships, the team finished thirteenth in a fifteen deep field.

## Background

Federacion Venezolana de Deportes para Personas con Paralisis Cerebral (FEVEDE-PC) manages the national team. By 2016, Venezuela had a national championships to support the national team and was active in participating in the IFCPF World Championships.

National team development is supported by an International Federation of Cerebral Palsy Football (IFCPF) recognized national championship. Recognized years for the national IFCPF recognized competition include 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, and 2015.

## Players

There have been a number of players for the Venezuelan squad.

| Name | Number | Classification | Position | Years active | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Diego Baez |  | FT5 |  | 2016 |  |
| Marlon Alexander Bello |  | FT7 |  | 2016 |  |
| Marcos Tulio Cárdenas Nieto |  | FT7 |  | 2016 |  |
| Carlos Carrasquel Torres |  | FT5 |  | 2016 |  |
| Eduardo Diaz |  | FT7 |  | 2016 |  |
| Edgar González |  | FT7 |  | 2016 |  |
| Jose Lara |  | FT7 |  | 2016 |  |
| Gabriel Medina Diaz |  | FT7 |  | 2016 |  |
| Richard Mogollon Melendez |  | FT7 |  | 2016 |  |
| Angel Evelio Molina Camacho |  | FT6 |  | 2016 |  |
| Brayan Andres Moreno Luna |  | FT7 |  | 2016 |  |
| Frank René Pineda Terán |  | FT7 |  | 2016 |  |
| Jose Quintana |  | FT5 |  | 2016 |  |
| Jefferzon Rangel |  | FT7 |  | 2016 |  |
| Daniel Enrique Sánchez |  | FT7 |  | 2016 |  |
| José Sangrons |  | FT8 |  | 2016 |  |
| Pedro Daniel Suárez Rico |  | FT7 |  | 2016 |  |
| Saul Torres Villegas |  | FT7 |  | 2016 |  |
| Jessy Junior Yari Villegas |  | FT7 |  | 2016 |  |
| Yonfer Orlando Zamora Guerra |  | FT7 |  | 2016 |  |
| Asdrubal Eusebio De Jesus Olivares Mora |  | FT8 |  | 2016 |  |
| Peter Antony Alvarado Gonzales |  | FT7 |  | 2016 |  |
| Jose Alejandro Carapaica |  | FT6 |  | 2016 |  |
| Jose Leonardo Gimón Villena |  | FT7 |  | 2016 |  |
| Luis Alfredo Gutierrez Vera |  | FT7 |  | 2016 |  |
| Wuarion Jesus Mendoza |  | FT7 |  | 2016 |  |
| Wilman Jesús Ortega Acosta |  | FT7 |  | 2016 |  |
| Yohandri Raul Angulo |  | FT8 |  | 2016 |  |
| Carlos Antolinez |  | FT5 |  | 2016 |  |
| Maikel Dudamel |  | FT7 |  | 2016 |  |
| Anthony Peña |  | FT7 |  | 2016 |  |
| Alveiro Quiñones |  | FT7 |  | 2016 |  |
| Anderson Alberto Morantes Ramirez |  | FT8 |  | 2016 |  |
| Gabriel Antonio Bravo Olivi |  | FT7 |  | 2016 |  |
| Cristian Sneider Moreno Perez |  | FT7 |  | 2016 |  |

## Ranking

Venezuela was ranked fifteenth in the world by the IFCPF in 2016. The team is also ranked fifth in the Americas in 2016. Venezuela was ranked seventeenth in August 2013 and November 2014. In July 2011 and September 2012, the team was ranked twentieth. In 2014, the team had a goal of trying to improve their ranking to be among the top 16 teams in the world. They hoped doing so would increase their visibility in the country.

## Results

Venezuela has never participated in a Paralympic Games since the sport made its debut at the 1984 Games. Venezuela has participated in a number of international tournaments. Six teams participated in the Toronto hosted American Cup in 2014. Group A included Venezuela, Argentina and Canada. Group B included Mexico, Brazil and the United States. The tournament was important for preparations for the 2015 Parapan American Games, and because it was the last major continental level competition of the year. The team was scheduled to participate in the 2016 IFCPF Qualification Tournament World Championships in Vejen, Denmark in early August. The tournament was part of the qualifying process for the 2017 IFCPF World Championships. Other teams scheduled to participate included Scotland, Canada, Portugal, Iran, Northern Ireland, Australia, Japan, Republic of South Korea, Germany, Denmark, and Spain.

| Competition | Location | Year | Total Teams | Result | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| IFCPF World Championships Qualification Tournament | Vejen, Denmark | 2016 |  |  |  |
| America Cup | Toronto, Canada | 2014 | 6 | 5 |  |
| Parapan American Youth Games | Buenos Aires, Argentina | 2013 | 6 |  |  |
| Intercontinental Cup | Barcelona, Spain | 2013 | 16 |  |  |

In October 2014, the team played a friendly against the country's women's national under-20 side.

### IFCPF World Championships

Venezuela has participated in the IFCPF World Championships. The team qualified for the 2017 edition based on their performance at the 2016 qualifying event in Denmark.

| World Championships | Location | Total Teams | Result | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2015 IFCPF World Championships | England | 15 | 13 |  |

## InfoBox

Venezuela national cerebral palsy football team
| Federation | Federacion Venezolana de Deportes para Personas con Paralisis Cerebral (FEVEDE-PC) |
| --- | --- |
| IFCPF ranking | 15 |
| Highest IFCPF ranking | 15 (2016) |
| Lowest IFCPF ranking | 20 (July 2011, September 2012) |


title: Vera Stein Ehrlich

abstract: Vera Stein Ehrlich was a Croatian social anthropologist who gave a significant scientific contribution to the development of anthropology in Croatia.

text:
# Vera Stein Ehrlich

**Vera Stein Ehrlich** (Zagreb, 4 October 1897 - Zagreb, 31 August 1980) was a Croatian social anthropologist who gave a significant scientific contribution to the development of anthropology in Croatia.

## Early life and career

Vera Stein Ehrlich was born on 4 October 1897 in Zagreb to Adolf and Ida Ehrlich. She grew up in Zagreb with her younger sister Ina Jun-Broda (1899-1983) who later become notable writer and translator. She studied pedagogy and psychology in Berlin and Vienna. At the age of 19, she began publishing works on psychological and pedagogic problems. In 1933, 1934, and 1936, she published books on the issues of education of children and youth. As part of the fifteen studies conducted in those years, she was writing about the methods and meaning of drawing and books for children. Her paper on the impact of illness on the character of the child was a result of cooperation with her husband Dr. Ben Stein. At that time, Ehrlich was particularly concerned with individual psychology, probably influenced by the achievements of Austrian psychologist Alfred Adler to whom she wrote an obituary in the "Jew", Gazette of the Jewish Community of Zagreb. In that same period, she became interested in the problem of the position of women in the Yugoslav society. She was among the first to start discussing these issues scientifically in order to encourage the change of policy, legal norms and the attitude of society towards the woman and to help so they would stop being treated as second-class citizens. She also studied the activities of women in the economy. With her writing, she encouraged woman activism in society and struggle for the right to vote. Already in 1935, she emphasized the successes of the feminist movement in her works. She was interested in the process of liberating women from the tutoring of a man who was still legally superior. Disempowerment and the lack of protection of women in, at the then conservative patriarchal society, motivated her to conduct research and start teaching. She studied the life of rural families and intergenerational relationships. Psychological analysis of life situations has introduced her to the field of social anthropology. At the time, she had already prepared a survey on issues that enabled her to gain insight into the social situation in rural areas which also provided her with an analysis of the status of women and the relationship between the family members. The survey was forwarded to many associations in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. By the beginning of World War II, she received responses from 300 villages.

## Later work

By the beginning of the Second World War, Ehrlich belonged to a group of prominent advanced Yugoslav intellectuals. After Nazi invasion of Yugoslavia in 1941, she fled to Split where she joined Yugoslav Partisans. During the Holocaust, the Ustaše killed Ehrlich's husband Ben Stein and nephew Aleksandar Savić. After the war, she gained Ph.D. in cultural anthropology at University of California, where she also lectured on the anthropology of Croats and South Slavs from 1952 to 1960. In the United States, she was a close associate of American anthropologist Alfred L. Kroeber. She considered collaboration with him and Robert Lowie an important incentive which helped her grow into a good social anthropologist. She considered their influence to be crucial for her acceptance of the anthropological discoveries she approached earlier in her pre-war studies. After her return to SFR Yugoslavia, she lectured social anthropology at the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences and Faculty of Political Science of the University of Zagreb. During that time, she studied the position of women in traditional societies and transformation of a rural family. In her post-war work, Ehrlich developed the evolutionary phases of the relationship and structure of rural families, analyzing the examples of collectivism as the indicative phase of the pre-individualist processes in the South Slavic social milieu. According to individual and social behavior, she defined a regional traditional cultural complex. She also noticed changes in the "tribal" society of mountain regions of SFR Yugoslavia. She analyzed the values and their valorization by the social group, that is, indications of intercultural impacts. Intergenerational relationships, family transformations, changes in the perceptions and behaviors of a group, individual and phenomenon of authority were constantly at the core of her interests. Her two works, 1964 "Family in Transformation" and 1968 "In Society with Man", are still a special feature in ethnological and sociological literature. They were used as textbooks at the Zagreb Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, as well as in faculties in Sarajevo, the Netherlands, the US and England, where she was a guest professor at the departments of sociology on several occasions. In addition to studying the relationship between the sexes in patriarchal rural environments, Ehrlich also studied domestic partnerships. Her analyzes were in the context of events in the families of the communities, and led to conclusions on the regional "cultural climate". Ehrlich knew well the interpersonal and family relations of a great part of Southeast Europe, as well as the characteristics of living of other indigenous cultures, as she used to say "from Arctic to Antarctica". She used her wide knowledge in comparing problems and processes of changing. As a passionate researcher, she was recording data whenever she got a chance.

She spent last 20 years of her life in SFR Yugoslavia and has devoted mostly to studying the processes in the rural cultural milieu of Croatia and the wider neighboring mountainous areas. As she aged, she was rarely present at scientific conferences with last one she attended being the one held in Bloomington in 1973. Nevertheless, she was still active in professional societies, primarily in the Commission for the Advancement of Family Development and Solving Social Problems of Women in SR Croatia. Many of her colleagues from various countries, such as sociologist Rudi Supek and ethnographer Marijana Gušić, visited her often in her apartment in *Visoka street 10*. She enjoyed discussing the problems of the profession and transferring her knowledge to the young. In 1979, she was awarded *Kata Pejnović award* for science.

Vera Stein Ehrlich died on 31 August 1980 in Zagreb. She was buried in the Jewish part of Mirogoj cemetery in a family tomb.

## Publications

* Kolektivni rad u suvremenoj školi \[Collective Work in Contemporary School\], Minerva, 1933
* Metoda Montessori u školi \[Montessori Method at School\], Minerva, 1934
* Individualna psihologija u školskoj praksi \[Individual Psychology in School Practice\], Minerva, 1934
* Današnje dijete: problemi savremenog odgoja \[Today's Child: Problems of Contemporary Education\], Izdanje Atlas nakladnog zavoda, 1936
* Obitelj u transformaciji: studija u tri stotine jugoslavenskih sela \[Family in Transformation: Study in Three Hundred Yugoslav Villages\], Naprijed, 1964
* U društvu s čovjekom: tragom njegovih kulturnih i socijalnih tekovina \[In Society with Man: The Trace of Its Cultural and Social Effects\], Naprijed, 1968
* Family in Transition: A Study of 300 Yugoslav Villages, Princeton University Press, 1966

## Literature

* Romano, Jaša (1980). Jevreji Jugoslavije 1941-1945: žrtve genocida i učesnici narodnooslobodilačkog rata, Beograd: Jevrejski Istorijski Muzej, Saveza jevrejskih opština Jugoslavije.

## InfoBox

| Vera Stein Ehrlich | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Vera Ehrlich
(1897-10-04)4 October 1897
Zagreb, Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia, Austria-Hungary |
| Died | 31 August 1980(1980-08-31) (aged 82)
Zagreb, SR Croatia, Yugoslavia |
| Nationality | Croat |
| Occupation | Anthropologist |
| Spouse | Beno Stein |
| Relatives | Herman Ehrlich (grandfather), Aleksandar Savić (nephew), Hugo Ehrlich (uncle), Mira Klobučar (aunt) |


title: Veleslav Wahl

abstract: Veleslav Wahl was a Czech ornithologist and resistance activist who was executed in 1950. He was named after his father, a Prague lawyer, who was born in 1891 and killed in 1942 by the Nazis. As a child Veleslav went to a local grammar school in Pankrác at Bělá pod Bezdězem. He also worked in the zoo at Prague from 1941 to 1944 while also working in the underground Czech resistance. When the war ended he studied law at Charles University. He was also active in the Prague uprising as a student activist. He established an anti-communist organization along with Jaromír Nechanský which collaborated with the Office of Strategic Services, particularly the American secretary Walter Birge who was posted to the Prague embassy. For this he was arrested in 1949 and sentenced to death after a trial. The Wahl-Nechanský trial also led to the Czechoslovakian government notifying the Americans that their embassy was too large due to their espionage activities and ordered them to reduce it to a third of its size. His wife, Tatiána Růžičková, was also kept under arrest and she later moved to the United States. A memorial to Wahl and others executed and tortured from the 1950s was established at Ďáblice, Prague, and in 2000, he was posthumously awarded the Honorary Medal of T.G. Masaryk by the Masaryk Democratic Movement. In 1995 he was posthumously decorated with the Order of the White Lion. In 2017, a memorial plaque was installed on the Swedish embassy where he had lived before his execution. Wahl wrote a landmark work on the birds of Prague, published first in 1944 with a second edition in 1945.

text:
# Veleslav Wahl

**Veleslav Wahl** (15 May 1922, Prague - 16 June 1950, Prague) was a Czech ornithologist and resistance activist who was executed in 1950.

He was named after his father, a Prague lawyer, who was born in 1891 and killed in 1942 by the Nazis. As a child Veleslav went to a local grammar school in Pankrác at Bělá pod Bezdězem. He also worked in the zoo at Prague from 1941 to 1944 while also working in the underground Czech resistance. When the war ended he studied law at Charles University. He was also active in the Prague uprising as a student activist. He established an anti-communist organization along with Jaromír Nechanský which collaborated with the Office of Strategic Services, particularly the American secretary Walter Birge who was posted to the Prague embassy. For this he was arrested in 1949 and sentenced to death after a trial. The Wahl-Nechanský trial also led to the Czechoslovakian government notifying the Americans that their embassy was too large due to their espionage activities and ordered them to reduce it to a third of its size. His wife, Tatiána Růžičková, was also kept under arrest and she later moved to the United States.

A memorial to Wahl and others executed and tortured from the 1950s was established at Ďáblice, Prague, and in 2000, he was posthumously awarded the Honorary Medal of T.G. Masaryk by the Masaryk Democratic Movement. In 1995 he was posthumously decorated with the Order of the White Lion (Civil Division, Second Class). In 2017, a memorial plaque was installed on the Swedish embassy where he had lived before his execution.

Wahl wrote a landmark work on the birds of Prague (*Pražské ptactvo*), published first in 1944 with a second edition in 1945.


title: Verrucous carcinoma

abstract: Verrucous carcinoma (VC) is an uncommon variant of squamous cell carcinoma. This form of cancer is often seen in those who chew tobacco or use snuff orally, so much so that it is sometimes referred to as "Snuff dipper's cancer".

text:
# Verrucous carcinoma

**Verrucous carcinoma** (VC) is an uncommon variant of squamous cell carcinoma. This form of cancer is often seen in those who chew tobacco or use snuff orally, so much so that it is sometimes referred to as "Snuff dipper's cancer".

## Signs and symptoms

* Age  usually over 60 years old
* Sex  males are more prone
* Site  gingiva, buccal mucosa, alveolar mucosa, hard palate, floor of the mouth, larynx, oesophagus, penis, vagina, scrotum.
* Clinical presentation:
    + It is a slow growing, diffuse, exophytic lesion usually covered by leukoplakic patches.
    + Invasive lesions quickly invade bones.
    + It can rapidly become fixed with underlying periosteum and cause gradual destruction of jaw bone.
    + Enlarged regional lymph nodes.
    + Lesion shows painful multiple rugae-like folds and deep clefts between them.
    + Regional lymph nodes tender and enlarged.
    + Pain and difficulty in mastication.

## Cause

This form of cancer is often seen in those who chew tobacco or use snuff orally, so much so that it is sometimes referred to as "Snuff dipper's cancer". Chewing betel nuts is an additional risk factor commonly seen in Taiwan.

## Risk factors

The major risk factors are cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption, while betel nut is an additional factor in Taiwan. Different gene mutation sites in head and neck cancer between western countries and Taiwan have been reported.

The presentation of VC originated from exposure to different carcinogens may not be the same.

## Locations

Verrucous carcinoma may occur in various head and neck locations, as well as in the genitalia or sole of the foot. The oral cavity is the most common site of this tumor. The ages range from 50 to 80 years with a male predominance and a median age of 67 years. VC may grow large in size, resulting in the destruction of adjacent tissue, such as bone and cartilage.

## Diagnosis

Surgeons must provide adequate specimens including the full thickness of the tumors and adjacent uninvolved mucosa for correct histopathology diagnosis.

### Subtypes

**Epithelioma cuniculatum** (also known as **Carcinoma cuniculatum**, and **Ackerman tumor**) is a subtype of verrucous carcinoma, characterized by well-differentiated epithelial cells which lack cytological atypia, but display a blunt papillary/pebbly surface and keratin-filled crypts extending deep into the connective tissue. These keratin-filled crypts resemble rabbit burrows. It is located almost exclusively on the foot, but at least 50 oral locations have also been observed.

## Treatment

Surgery is considered the treatment of choice, but the extent of surgical margin and the adjuvant radiotherapy are still controversial.

Surgical excision alone is effective for controlling VC, but elective neck dissection is not necessary even in patients in the advanced stages.

## Prognosis

Most patients with verrucous carcinoma have a good prognosis. Local recurrence is not uncommon, but metastasis to distant parts of the body is rare. Patients with oral verrucous carcinoma may be at greater risk of a second oral squamous cell carcinoma, for which the prognosis is worse.

## InfoBox

| Verrucous carcinoma | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Verrucous carcinoma on the penis | |
| Specialty | Oncology |


title: Verona (Czech group)

abstract: Verona is Czech music group comprising composer and performer Petr Fider and singer Markéta Jakšlová. They began performing together in 2001. Their first album, Náhodou was released in 2002. The second single from this album became a hit song in Czech Republic and Slovakia. They have recorded three albums as of 2012. Their music is in the pop and dance genres, with elements of House and Trance. In 2011, they produced an English-language song, "Hey Boy", that charted in several European countries.

text:
# Verona (Czech group)

**Verona** is Czech music group comprising composer and performer Petr Fider and singer Markéta Jakšlová. They began performing together in 2001. Their first album, *Náhodou* ("By Chance") was released in 2002. The second single from this album became a hit song in Czech Republic and Slovakia. They have recorded three albums as of 2012. Their music is in the pop and dance genres, with elements of House and Trance. In 2011, they produced an English-language song, "Hey Boy", that charted in several European countries.

## Members

Past members

## Discography

### Singles

| Year | Single | Peak chart positions | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | CZE
 | SVK
 |
| 2006 | "Girotondo" |  | 57 |
| | "Naposled" | 86 |  |
| 2007 | "You Gotta Move On" | 17 |  |
| 2008 | "Stay With Me" | 34 |  |
| 2009 | "Do You Really Wanna Know" | 24 | 12 |
| 2010 | "Up to the Stars" | 31 | 23 |
| | "Ztracená Bloudím" | 13 | 17 |
| 2011 | "Hey Boy" | 1 | 8 |
| | "Bez Tebe" | 3 | 19 |
| 2012 | "Fallin' in Love" | 2 | 5 |
| 2015 | "Teď a Tady" | 55 | - |
| 2015 | "Endless Day" | 1 | 35 |
|

## Albums

## InfoBox

| Verona | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Background information | |
| Origin | Czech Republic |
| Genres | House, trance, dance |
| Years active | 2001–present |
| Labels | Hitfactory, Epic |
|  | |
| Members | Peter Fider
Veronika Stýblová |
|  | |
| Past members | Markéta Jakšlová |


title: Verona (town), Wisconsin

abstract: The Town of Verona is located in Dane County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 1,947 at the 2020 census. The city of Verona and the unincorporated community of Five Points are located in the town.

text:
# Verona (town), Wisconsin

The **Town of Verona** is located in Dane County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 1,947 at the 2020 census. The city of Verona and the unincorporated community of Five Points are located in the town.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 29.4 square miles (76 km2), of which, 29.3 square miles (76 km2) of it is land and 0.04 square miles (0.10 km2) of it (0.14%) is water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 2,153 people, 758 households, and 601 families residing in the town. The population density was 73.4 people per square mile (28.3 people/km2). There were 774 housing units at an average density of 26.4 units per square mile (10.2 units/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 96.75% White, 0.60% Black or African American, 0.19% Native American, 1.21% Asian, 0.23% from other races, and 1.02% from two or more races. 0.98% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 758 households, out of which 35.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 70.7% were married couples living together, 5.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 20.7% were non-families. 15.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.69 and the average family size was 3.00.

The population was 25.8% under the age of 18, 4.5% from 18 to 24, 24.8% from 25 to 44, 31.5% from 45 to 64, and 13.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.5 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $69,519, and the median income for a family was $80,000. Males had a median income of $46,688 versus $36,042 for females. The per capita income for the town was $31,405. About 1.5% of families and 2.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including none of those under the age of eighteen or sixty-five or over.

## Notable people

1. "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. October 25, 2007. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
2. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
3. "Towns" in Wisconsin perform most of the same functions as townships in many other states. see 'Wisconsin Blue Book 2022,' Town, pp 354-355
4. *THE LEGISLATIVE MANUAL FOR THE STATE OF WISCONSIN*. 1873. pp. 442–443.
5. 'Wisconsin Blue Book 1948, Biographical Sketch of Rudy W. Roethlisberger, pg. 46

## InfoBox

| Town of Verona | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
| Verona town hall | |
| Location in Dane County and the state of Wisconsin. | |
| Coordinates: 42°59′18″N 89°32′42″W / 42.98833°N 89.54500°W / 42.98833; -89.54500 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Wisconsin |
| County | Dane |
| Area | |
| Total | 29.4 sq mi (76.0 km2) |
| Land | 29.3 sq mi (75.9 km2) |
| Water | 0.0 sq mi (0.1 km2) |
| Elevation | 974 ft (297 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 1,947 |
| Density | 73.4/sq mi (28.4/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| Area code | 608 |
| FIPS code | 55-82625 |
| GNIS feature ID | 1584329 |


title: Veronica de Klerk

abstract: Veronica Cecilia de Klerk is a Namibian women's rights activist.

text:
# Veronica de Klerk

**Veronica Cecilia de Klerk** (born 26 November 1947) is a Namibian women's rights activist.

## Early life and work

De Klerk grew up in Windhoek, the island territory of St. Helena, and in South Africa. She was a television personality during the 1980s on the South West African Broadcasting Corporation prior to independence in 1990.

## Career

She established "Community Voice" programmes in all regions of Namibia through WAD; these activists assist in identifying and solving their social challenges in partnership with decision-makers in the regions. Alcohol abuse was found to be the main cause of violence against women, among many other causes.

9,000 community members; decision-makers and community leaders were trained in the contents of gender-related laws, including the Combating of the Domestic. Violence Law; the Combating of the Rape Law; the Child Maintenance Law; and the Married Persons' Equality Law, for women and men to know their rights within those laws.

During 2014 President Dr. Hifikepunye Pohamba appointed Veronica De Klerk as one of 18 commissioners to serve on the National Planning Commission, to assist in addressing poverty, unemployment, the lack of skills among poor communities, as well as the evils of Gender Based Violence; Alcohol and Drug abuse, Teenage Pregnancies, etc.

During 2012, 2013, and 2014, under her leadership, the "Professional Management Review" (PMR), based in South Africa, presented WAD with one Gold Award and 2 Diamond Awards respectively, for excellent leadership and achievements.

## InfoBox

| Veronica Cecilia de Klerk | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1947-11-26) 26 November 1947<br>Kimberley, South Africa |
| Occupation | Former executive director |
| Organization | Women's Action for Development (WAD) |


title: Veronica ciliolata

abstract: Veronica ciliolata, commonly known as the fringed speedwell or small speedwell, is a species of flowering plant native to New Zealand. It belongs to the family Plantaginaceae and is known for its delicate fringed petals and compact growth habit.

text:
# Veronica ciliolata

***Veronica ciliolata***, commonly known as the **fringed speedwell** or **small speedwell**, is a species of flowering plant native to New Zealand. It belongs to the family Plantaginaceae and is known for its delicate fringed petals and compact growth habit.

## Description

*Veronica ciliolata* was first described by botanist Cheeseman, T.F. in 1906. It is a member of the *Veronica* genus, which includes over 500 species distributed worldwide. The specific epithet "*ciliolata*" refers to the small cilia or hairs present on the plant's leaves and stems.

The species is characterized by its small, lobed leaves and slender stems, which bear clusters of tiny, pale blue flowers with fringed petals. The flowers bloom in spring and summer, attracting pollinators such as bees and butterflies.

## Habitat and distribution

*Veronica ciliolata* is endemic to New Zealand, where it is found in a variety of habitats, including grasslands, forests, and wetlands. It occurs throughout both the North and South Islands, often in moist, shaded areas with well-drained soils.

## Threats and conservation

*Veronica ciliolata* plays a role in New Zealand's native ecosystems by providing nectar and pollen for pollinators and serving as a food source for herbivorous insects. However, like many native plant species in New Zealand, it faces threats from habitat loss, invasive species, and climate change.

Conservation efforts for *Veronica ciliolata* include habitat restoration, invasive species management, and public education initiatives to raise awareness about the importance of native plants in maintaining biodiversity.

## Cultivation and horticulture

*Veronica ciliolata* is cultivated as an ornamental plant in gardens and landscapes, valued for its delicate flowers and compact growth habit. It is suitable for rockeries, borders, and containers, preferring moist, well-drained soil and partial shade.

Cultivars and hybrids of *Veronica ciliolata* are available in the horticultural trade, offering a range of flower colours and growth habits for gardeners to choose from.

## InfoBox

| *Veronica ciliolata* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Lamiales |
| Family: | Plantaginaceae |
| Genus: | *Veronica* |
| Species: | ***V. ciliolata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Veronica ciliolata***<br>(Hook.fil.) Cheeseman | |
|


title: Veluće

abstract: Veluće is a village located in the Trstenik municipality, central Serbia. According to the 2011 census, the village has a population of 417 inhabitants.

text:
# Veluće

**Veluće** is a village located in the Trstenik municipality, central Serbia. According to the 2011 census, the village has a population of 417 inhabitants.

## History

The medieval town of **Srebrnica** existed at least in the territory of modern cadastral areas of Veluće and Riđevštica.

The Veluće Monastery, located between Veluće and Riđevštica, dedicated to the Mother of God (*Bogorodica*), was built in ca. 1377, founded by an unknown noble family that served Prince Lazar of Serbia and most likely perished in the Battle of Kosovo.

## InfoBox

| Veluće Велуће | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Veluće | |
| Coordinates: 43°32′45″N 21°05′59″E / 43.54583°N 21.09972°E / 43.54583; 21.09972 | |
| Country | Serbia |
| District | Rasina District |
| Municipality | Trstenik |
| Elevation | 262 m (860 ft) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 417 |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: Visigothic script

abstract: Visigothic script was a type of medieval script that originated in the Visigothic Kingdom in Hispania. Its more limiting alternative designations littera toletana and littera mozarabica associate it with scriptoria specifically in Toledo and with Mozarabic culture more generally, respectively. The script, which exists in book-hand and cursive versions, was used from approximately the late seventh century until the thirteenth century, mostly in Visigothic Iberia but also somewhat in the Catalan kingdom in current southern France. It was perfected in the 9th–11th centuries and declined afterwards. It developed from uncial script, and shares many features of uncial, especially an uncial form of the letter ⟨g⟩. Other features of the script include an open-top ⟨a⟩, similar shapes for the letters ⟨r⟩ and ⟨s⟩, and a long letter ⟨i⟩ resembling the modern letter ⟨l⟩. There are two forms of the letter ⟨d⟩, one with a straight vertical ascender and another with an ascender slanting towards the left. The top stroke of the letter ⟨t⟩, by itself, has a hook curving to the left; ⟨t⟩ also has a number of other forms when used in ligatures, and there are two different ligatures for the two sounds of ⟨ti⟩ as spoken in Hispano-Latin during this period. The letters ⟨e⟩ and ⟨r⟩ also have many different forms when written in ligature. Of particular interest is the special Visigothic z ⟨ꝣ⟩, which, after adoption into Carolingian handwriting, eventually transformed into the c-cedilla ⟨ç⟩. A capital-letter display script was developed from the standard script, with long slender forms. There was also a cursive form that was used for charters and non-religious writings, which had northern ("Leonese") and southern ("Mozarabic") forms. The Leonese cursive was used in the Christian north, and the Mozarabic was used by Christians living in the Muslim south. The cursive forms were probably influenced by Roman cursive, brought to Iberia from North Africa. Visigothic script has many similarities with Beneventan script and Merovingian script.

text:
# Visigothic script

**Visigothic script** was a type of medieval script that originated in the Visigothic Kingdom in Hispania (the Iberian Peninsula). Its more limiting alternative designations *littera toletana* and *littera mozarabica* associate it with scriptoria specifically in Toledo and with Mozarabic culture more generally, respectively.

The script, which exists in book-hand and cursive versions, was used from approximately the late seventh century until the thirteenth century, mostly in Visigothic Iberia but also somewhat in the Catalan kingdom in current southern France. It was perfected in the 9th–11th centuries and declined afterwards. It developed from uncial script, and shares many features of uncial, especially an uncial form of the letter g.

Other features of the script include an open-top a (very similar to the letter u), similar shapes for the letters r and s, and a long letter i resembling the modern letter l. There are two forms of the letter d, one with a straight vertical ascender and another with an ascender slanting towards the left. The top stroke of the letter t, by itself, has a hook curving to the left; t also has a number of other forms when used in ligatures, and there are two different ligatures for the two sounds of ti (“hard” or unassibilated and "soft" or sibilated) as spoken in Hispano-Latin during this period. The letters e and r also have many different forms when written in ligature. Of particular interest is the special Visigothic z , which, after adoption into Carolingian handwriting, eventually transformed into the c-cedilla ç.

A capital-letter display script was developed from the standard script, with long slender forms. There was also a cursive form that was used for charters and non-religious writings, which had northern ("Leonese") and southern ("Mozarabic") forms. The Leonese cursive was used in the Christian north, and the Mozarabic was used by Christians living in the Muslim south. The cursive forms were probably influenced by Roman cursive, brought to Iberia from North Africa.

Visigothic script has many similarities with Beneventan script and Merovingian script.

Character information
| Preview |  | |  | | Ç | | ç | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Unicode name | LATIN CAPITAL LETTER VISIGOTHIC Z | | LATIN SMALL LETTER VISIGOTHIC Z | | LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA | | LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA | |
| Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex | dec | hex |
| Unicode | 42850 | U+A762 | 42851 | U+A763 | 199 | U+00C7 | 231 | U+00E7 |
| UTF-8 | 234 157 162 | EA 9D A2 | 234 157 163 | EA 9D A3 | 195 135 | C3 87 | 195 167 | C3 A7 |
| Numeric character reference | Ꝣ | Ꝣ | ꝣ | ꝣ | Ç | Ç | ç | ç |
| Named character reference |  | |  | | Ç | | ç | |

## Further reading

* 'Fonts for Latin Paleography: User's Manual. 6th edition' A manual of Latin paleography; a comprehensive PDF file containing 82 pages profusely illustrated, 4 January 2024).
* Littera Visigothica, blog specialized in Visigothic script
* Visigothic Minuscule on Medieval Writing
* Muñoz y Rivero, Jesús (1919). *Paleografía visigoda: método teórico-práctico para aprender a leer los códices y documentos españoles de los siglos V al XII; obra ilustrada con 45 láminas dibujadas por el autor (Visigothic Paleography: A Theoretical-Practical Method for Learning to Read Spanish Codices and Documents from the 5th to 11th centuries; Illustrated with 45 Figures Drawn by the Author)* (in Spanish). Madrid: D. Jorro.

## InfoBox

| Visigothic script<br>*littera mozarabica*, *littera toletana* | |
| --- | --- |
| Alphabet in Visigothic script | |
| Script type | Alphabetic |
| Time period | 7th century to 13th century |
| Direction | Left to right |
| Region | Iberian Peninsula |
| Languages | Medieval Latin |
| Related scripts | |
| Parent systems | Latin |
| Sister systems | Beneventan, Merovingian |
|


title: ZNF337

abstract: ZNF337, also known as zinc finger protein 337, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF337 gene. The ZNF337 gene is located on human chromosome 20 (20p11.21). Its protein contains 751 amino acids, has a 4,237 base pair mRNA and contains 6 exons total. In addition, alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. The ZNF337 gene encodes a zinc finger domain containing protein, however, this gene/protein is not yet well understood by the scientific community. The function of this gene has been proposed to participate in a processes such as the regulation of transcription (DNA-dependent), and proteins are expected to have molecular functions such as DNA binding, metal ion binding, zinc ion binding, which would be further localized in various subcellular locations. While there are no commonly associated or known aliases, an important paralog of this gene is ZNF875.

text:
# ZNF337

**ZNF337**, also known as zinc finger protein 337, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF337 gene. The ZNF337 gene is located on human chromosome 20 (20p11.21). Its protein contains 751 amino acids, has a 4,237 base pair mRNA and contains 6 exons total. In addition, alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. The ZNF337 gene encodes a zinc finger domain containing protein, however, this gene/protein is not yet well understood by the scientific community. The function of this gene has been proposed to participate in a processes such as the regulation of transcription (DNA-dependent), and proteins are expected to have molecular functions such as DNA binding, metal ion binding, zinc ion binding, which would be further localized in various subcellular locations. While there are no commonly associated or known aliases, an important paralog of this gene is ZNF875.

## Gene

There are no commonly associated or known aliases beyond Zinc Finger 337, however, some potential ones could include LOC26152. Its locus is found on chromosome 20, positioned 11.21 (20p11.21). Base coordinates are on the negative (minus) strand. There are 6 exons in total. The span of the ZNF337 gene (the start of transcription to the polyA site in base-pairs) is 4,237 base pairs (mRNA).

## Transcripts

The ZNF337 gene contains two transcript variants (both encode the same protein); variant 1 represents the longer transcript (751 aa) while variant 2 differs in the 5’ UTR. There are also three isoforms (X1, X2, and X3). These isoforms represent one of many splice variants of the gene (while the transcript is an expressed sequence).

## Proteins

ZNF337 has a predicted molecular weight of about 86.9 kdal and a predicted isoelectric point of 9.74 pI. It is important to note that these are predictions as post translational modifications could affect these values. As suggested by the protein's name, there are several zinc fingers. There are no high scoring hydrophobic or transmembrane segments/regions and has no positive or negative charge clusters.

Some amino acids found in ZNF337 are seen in unusual amounts as shown below. In amino acid distribution, glutamine (E), methionine (M), and alanine (A) are low while cysteine (C ) and histidine (H) are high. It is rare for cysteine particularly to be highly expressed in amino acid sequences; the ZNF337 protein is an unusually basic protein. Because of its basic properties, it is DNA or RNA loving (i.e. able to bind to DNA or RNA fairly easily).

### Domains and Motifs

As found through the MyHits program (found on ExPasy), there are about 6 different motifs (or pfams) present in ZNF337.

| Motif Type | Amino Acid Sequence Position | e-value |
| --- | --- | --- |
| KRAB (KRAB box) | 12-52 | 6.6e-26 |
| PHD (PHD-finger) | 349-412 | 0.0032 |
| Rpr2 (RNAse P Rpr2/Rpr21/SNM1 domain) | 472-551 | 0.00088 |
| Zf-C2H2 (Zinc finger, C2H2 type) | 208-230 | 4.3e-06 |
|  | 236-258 | 3.8e-09 |
|  | 264-286 | 6e-07 |
|  | 292-314 | 2.4e-08 |
|  | 320-342 | 4.6e-07 |
|  | 348-370 | 1.9e-09 |
|  | 376-398 | 2.8e-07 |
|  | 404-426 | 5.9e-09 |
|  | 432-454 | 1.2e-07 |
|  | 460-482 | 1.8e-08 |
|  | 488-510 | 3.1e-07 |
|  | 516-538 | 3.8-07 |
|  | 544-566 | 2.1e-06 |
|  | 572-594 | 2.2e-06 |
|  | 600-622 | 5e-07 |
|  | 628-650 | 1.3e-08 |
|  | 656-679 | 0.00014 |
|  | 685-707 | 2.4e-07 |
|  | 713-735 | 1.2e-07 |
| Zf-C3HC4 (Zinc finger, C3HC4 type (RING finger)) | 210-269 | 0.00083 |
| Zf-FCS (MYM-type zinc finger with FCS sequence motif) | 342-385 | 0.02 |

**Table 1.** *Six different motifs within the ZNF337 protein.* The KRAB box, PHD finger, Rpr2, Zinc finger (C2H2 type), Zinc finger (C3HC4 type - RING finger), and Zinc finger (MYM-type zinc finger with FCS sequence motif) all play different functions and roles.

### Secondary & Tertiary Structures

The secondary structure of ZNF337 is predicted to have many helices, sheets, turns and coils (especially random coils) as shown below.

Secondary Structure Composition
| Type of Secondary Structure | Number of Amino Acids | Percent Composition |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Alpha Helix | 169 | 22.50% |
| Extended Strand | 154 | 20.51% |
| Random Coil | 428 | 56.99% |

Both the *H. Sapiens* and *P. troglodyte* secondary structures are extremely similar; however, it is interesting to compare to *S. dumerili* where there is a stronger presence of sheets and coils between both 200-300 bp and 400-500 bp positions instead of sheets and helices. Additionally, comparing the beginning of the secondary structure (0-14 bp) of all species/orthologs shows that coils and turns make up the majority of the beginning, but not as much in some species such as *S. dumerili* (more helices and sheets instead).

Several tertiary structure modeling programs were unable to construct a model for ZNF337. When using the SWISS-model program, some models were constructed, however, to ZNF568. The ZNF568 protein sequence is 45.20% identical to that of ZNF337, has a sequence similarity of 0.44, and coverage of 0.37 with a range between the 345-623 bp amino acids in the ZNF337 protein sequence. The predicted tertiary structure is shown in Figure 1. In this figure, there are several zinc ion ligands.

ZNF568 is a protein coding gene, associated with diseases such as transient neonatal diabetes mellitus. It has transcriptional repression activity, partially through the recruitment of the co-repressor TRIM28, but also has repression activity independently of this interaction. It is specifically important during embryonic development, where it acts as a direct repressor of a placental-specific transcript of IGF2 in early development and regulates convergent extension movements required for axis elongation and tissue morphogenesis in all germ layers. It is also crucial for normal morphogenesis of extraembryonic tissues including the yolk sac, extraembryonic mesoderm and placenta. Interestingly, it may enhance proliferation or maintenance of neural stem cells

## Gene Level Regulation

### Promoter

The promoter region was chosen using ElDorado at Genomatrix, which assessed the ZNF337 gene locus for possible promoter regions. Out of the six possible promoter regions and sets, promoter set 6 (GXP\_8991829) was chosen as it is the one best supported by transcripts (has six transcript ID's). Its start position is 25696627, its end position is 25697904 and its length is 1278 base pairs. Within GXP\_8991829 (-), coding transcript GXT\_26235925 was chosen as it has 5 exons, 37,403 CAGE tags, and corresponds with accession number XM\_006723558 in NCBI (see Figure 2).

The promoter sequence contains a CpG island with a CpG count of 138. There is also a DNAse cluster (score =1000) present within the promoter sequence.

### Transcription Factor Binding Sites

Possible transcription factors for the ZNF337 promoter region were determined using ElDorado at Genomatrix. These are listed below in Table 2.

| Transcription Factor | Detailed Matrix Information | Anchor Base/Position | Matrix Similarity | Sequence |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| TF2B | Transcription factor II B (TFIIB) recognition element | 984 | 1.0 | ccgCGCC |
| VTBP | Avian C-type LTR TATA box | 21 | 0.814 | ctatagtTAAGaacaat |
|  | Avian C-type LTR TATA box | 743 | 0.825 | ttttattTAGGtagccc |
|  | Lentivirus LTR TATA box | 314 | 0.83 | gtgTATAatatgctgat |
|  | Cellular and viral TATA box elements | 177 | 0.961 | ccctaTAAAtatgtaca |
|  | Cellular and viral TATA box elements | 275 | 0.911 | aaataTAAAgtctacgt |
| CAAT | Cellular and viral CCAAT box | 553 | 0.909 | taaaCCATtgagaga |
| CAAT | Nuclear factor Y (Y-box binding factor) | 114 | 0.939 | taccCCAAtcaccct |
| CEBP | CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), epsilon | 289 | 0.974 | gtggtttgGCAAgcc |

**Table 2.** *Possible transcription factors for ZNF337 promoter region.*

There are 340 factors from 129 cell types of Transcription Factor ChIP-seq Clusters (from Encode3). With that said, only the strong ones (indicated as black or dark grey) that also contain peaks within the promoter or enhancer regions are shown in Table 3.

| Location | Transcription Factor – ChIP | Cell Type(s) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Promoter | CTCF | GM12878 (human lymphoblastoid), H1-hESC (human embryonic stem cells), K562 (myelogenous leukemia cells) |
| Promoter | RFX5 | GM12878 (human lymphoblastoid) |
| Promoter | STAT1 | GM12878 (human lymphoblastoid) |
| Promoter | TAF1 | GM12878 (human lymphoblastoid) |
| Promoter | TRIM22 | GM12878 (human lymphoblastoid) |
| Promoter | REST | H1-hESC (human embryonic stem cells) |
| Promoter | GABPA | HeLa-S3 (cervical cancer cell line) |
| Promoter | MAFK | HeLa-S3 (cervical cancer cell line) |
| Promoter | TBP | HeLa-S3 (cervical cancer cell line) |
| Promoter | FOXA1 | HepG2 (human liver cancer cell line) |
| Promoter | SIN3A | HepG2 (human liver cancer cell line) |
| Promoter | SP1 | HepG2 (human liver cancer cell line) |
| Promoter | GATA2 | K562 (myelogenous leukemia cells) |
| Promoter | MYC | K562 (myelogenous leukemia cells) |
| Promoter | POLR2A | Body of Pancreas |
| Promoter | FOS | Endothelial Cell of Umbilical Vein |

**Table 3.** *Transcription Factor-ChIP Clusters associated with specific cell types.*

According to ORegAnno (literature curated TFBSs), there is no TF-ChIP signal overlap within the promoter/enhancer regions. Most of the ORegAnno citations correlate with a “NANP” gene, while transcription factors CTCF and CEBPA are confirmed in the enhancer region for the ZNF337 gene.

### Expression Patterns

Both RNA sequence data from the Gene database records at NCBI and the Human Protein Atlas using immunohistochemical staining to determine protein in various tissues show that the ZNF337 protein is expressed in many tissues. While ZNF337 mRNA tissue specificity is expressed in low tissue specificity levels, the mRNA is notably expressed in the cerebellum (brain) but is also more highly expressed in all tissues (distribution in all) compared to protein expression, especially higher in female tissues.

An antibody was developed against a recombinant protein corresponding to amino acids: ESSQGQRENPTEIDKVLKGIENSRWGAFKCAERGQDFSRKMMVIIHKKAHSRQKLFTCRECHQGFRDESALLLHQN. The specificity of human ZNF337 antibody was verified on a Protein Array containing target protein plus 383 other non-specific proteins. This isotype is IgG, its clonality is polyclonal, its host is rabbit, and its purity is immunogen affinity purified. This staining of human cerebellum shows cytoplasmic positivity in Purkinje cells (which regulate and coordinate motor movements through inhibitory functions and neurotransmitters).

While there is little-some expressivity in a wide range of tissues, together, these results indicate a trend that expressivity is highest and most present in the brain, particularly the cerebellum. A few experiments and results also indicate expressivity in female (and some male) reproductive tissues.

## Transcript Level Regulation

Multiple sequence alignments were created to observe conservation between different species. Specifically, a multiple sequence alignment (MSA) of the ZNF337 promoter region in primates and marsupial (opossum, chimpanzee, human, and rhesus monkey), or closely related species, shows little to no conservation in the beginning of sequences.

There are highly conserved regions in the beginning of both the 5’ UTR and 3’ UTR multiple sequence alignments. These could be functionally important based on stem-loop formations, miRNA binding capacity, or RNA binding protein binding capacity.

## Protein Level Regulation

### Localization

The prediction for localization of ZNF337 is highest in the nucleus (nuclear) at 95.7% followed by 4.3% in the mitochondria (mitochondrial).

### Post-Translational Modifications

ZNF337 contains many predicted post-translational domains such as phosphorylation (serine and tyrosine kinases), PEST motifs, O-GlcNAc sites, SUMOylation, and glycation as seen below:

| Modification | Amino Acid Number (in sequence) |
| --- | --- |
| Phosphorylation | 46, 109, 127, 155, 287, 446, 474, 483, 672, 695, 708, 743, 745, 751 |
| PEST motif | 598-612 |
| O-GlcNAc sites | 109, 142, 231, 384, 750, 751 |
| SUMOylation | 633 |
| Glycation | 94, 123, 125, 199, 206, 234, 248, 309, 339, 374, 388, 407, 430, 449, 486, 547, 556, 617, 668, 730 |

**Table 4.** *Different post-translation modifications.* Modifications can alter protein structure, thus affecting overall protein function and viability.

* PEST motifs are high in proline (P), glutamic acid (E), serine (S), and threonine (T). PEST motifs are linked to a reduced half-life of proteins and are potential targets for proteolytic degradation/cleavage sites.
* O-GlcNAc modifications may compete with phosphorylation for control of a protein's activation state.
* SUMOylation can interfere with the interaction between the target and its partner, can provide a binding site for an interacting partner, result in a conformational change of the modified target, or facilitate or antagonize ubiquitination.
* Glycation sites indicate the potential for a nonenzymatic process to occur, in which proteins react with reducing sugar molecules and therefore impair the function and change the characteristics of the protein. Because there are quite a few of these glycation sites, there could be a somewhat high probability that it is easy to change the function or characteristic of the protein.

#### Predicted transmembrane domains, new signal peptides, N-terminal signal peptides, and cytoplasmic predictions

No predicted transmembrane domains were identified from tests run through SOSUI. A prediction for a new signal peptide is very low and negative at -3.83. The GvH is also very negative at -8.69 (with a possible cleavage site between amino acids 56 and 57), indicating a low possibility that it has a cleavable signal sequence. Thus, ZNF337 is predicted to have no N-terminal signal peptide. Also, Reinhardt's method for cytoplasmic/nuclear discrimination has a cytoplasmic prediction for ZNF337 with a reliability score of 94.1.

The nuclear localization signal is somewhat low at 0.75. Orthologs (*P. troglodytes, S. dumerili,* and *C. asiatica* ) were used to confirm the significance of these predictions. Likewise, there were no predictions of no N-terminal peptide signals and transmembrane domains. All these ZNF337 orthologous proteins confirmed the prediction of nuclear location at 95.7%.

## Homology/Evolution

An important paralog of the ZNF337 gene is ZNF875.

ZNF337 has many orthologs shown in a wide variety of species (vertebrates and invertebrates), such as primates, bony fishes, rodents, and even some plants as seen in Table 6 below. There are no orthologs found outside plants. Highly conserved amino acids and regions are shown in the middle-end of the ZNF337 protein sequence, suggesting that functions may differ due to less conservation in the beginning of ZNF337 sequences between species.

Phylogenetic trees highlight the evolution of species (specifically in relation to the evolution of the ZNF337 gene). Primates are clumped together closest to humans, while other species such as the megabat and mouse deviate from the cape golden mole or the zig zag eel and flier cichlid deviate from the greater amberjack. Species whose date of divergence from the human lineage (measured in units of millions of years ago) are greater show less sequence similarity and identity, which is also demonstrated through distance shown through phylogenetic trees.

| Genus and Species | Common Name | Taxonomic Group | Date of Divergence from Human Lineage (Million Years Ago - MYA) | Accession Number | Sequence Length (aa) | Sequence Identity to Human Protein (%) | e-value |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *Homo sapiens* | Human | Primates | 0 | NP\_056470 | 751 aa | 100% | 0 |
| *Gorilla gorilla gorilla* | Western gorilla | Primates | 8.6 | XP\_004061979.1 | 751 aa | 99.5% | 0 |
| *Pongo pygmaeus* | Bornean orangutan | Primates | 15.2 | XP\_009231663.1 | 753 aa | 98.3% | 0 |
| *Colobus angolensis palliates* | Angola colobus | Primates | 15.2 | XP\_011807556.1 | 758 aa | 96.7% | 0 |
| *Aotus nancymaae* | Nancy Ma's night monkey | Primates | 42.9 | XP\_012324051.1 | 751 aa | 94.4% | 0 |
| *Pan troglodytes* | Chimpanzee | Primates | 6.4 | XP\_009435254.1 | 751 aa | 95.6% | 0 |
| *Macaca mulatta* | Rhesus macaque | Primates | 28.81 | XP\_028683917.1 | 751 aa | 81.4% | 0 |
| *Macaca fascicularis* | Crab-eating macaque | Primates | 28.81 | XP\_015313198.1 | 751 aa | 81.2% | 0 |
| *Cebus capucinus imitator* | Panamanian white-faced capuchin | Primates | 42.9 | XP\_017376089.1 | 751 aa | 80.4% | 0 |
| *Pan paniscus* | Bonobo | Primates | 6.4 | XP\_014198483.1 | 827 aa | 76.8% | 0 |
| *Tupaia chinensis* | Chinese tree shrew | Scandentia | 85 | XP\_006163813.1 | 876 aa | 50.7% | 0 |
| *Carlito syrichta* | Philippine tarsier | Primates | 69 | XP\_021573536.1 | 807 aa | 52.5% | 0 |
| *Chrysochloris asiatica* | Cape golden mole | Afrosoricida | 102 | XP\_006877795.1 | 764 aa | 45.0% | 0 |
| *Echinops telfairi* | Lesser hedgehog tenrec | Afrosoricida | 102 | XP\_030742187.1 | 1487 aa | 26.1% | 0 |
| *Seriola dumerili* | Greater amberjack | Carangidae ("Bony fishes") | 433 | XP\_022604330.1 | 763 aa | 30.9% | 0 |
| *Oreochromis niloticus* | Nile tilapia | Cichildae ("Bony fishes") | 433 | XP\_019222635.1 | 1033 aa | 10.2% | 0 |
| *Archocentrus centrachus* | Flier cichlid | Cichildae ("Bony fishes") | 433 | XP\_030603298.1 | 794 aa | 28.6% | 0 |
| *Mastacembelus armatus* | Zig-zag eel | Synbrachiformes | 433 | XP\_026164592.1 | 760 aa | 28.7% | 0 |
| *Pteropodidae* | Megabat | Chiroptera | 94 |  | 751 aa | 35.4% | 0 |
| *Mus musculus* | Mouse | Rodentia | 89 |  | 751 aa | 26.5% | 3.00e-153 |
| *Ciona intestinalis* | Sea squirt | Enterogona | 603 |  | 1278 aa | 15.6% | 3.00e-96 |
| *Petromyzontiformes* | Sea lamprey | Lamprey | 599 |  | 751 aa | 7.1% | 4.00e-35 |
| *Drosophila sechellia* | Fruit fly | Fly | 736 |  | 751 aa | 6.9% | 4.00e-35 |
| *Pristionchus pacificus* | Roundworm | Rhabditida | 736 |  | 751 aa | 2.9% | 6.00e-15 |
| *Caenorhabditis briggsae* | Nematode | Rhabditida | 736 |  | 751 aa | 1.9% | 2.00e-08 |
| *Camellia japonica* | Japanese camellia | Plants | 1275 |  | 751 aa | 1.9% | 2.00e-08 |

**Table 5.** *Orthologs to ZNF337.*

ZNF337 is evolving at the molecular level very quickly. When compared to fibrinogen protein rate of evolution, the ZNF337 appears to be accumulating the same amount amino acid changes in the same amount of time. It is evolving faster than cytochrome C protein, which is known to evolve slowly, as well as hemoglobin.

## Function/Biochemistry

The ZNF337 gene encodes a zinc finger domain containing protein, however, this gene/protein is not yet well understood by the scientific community.

The function of this gene has been proposed to participate in a processes such as the regulation of transcription (DNA-dependent), and proteins are expected to have molecular functions such as DNA binding, metal ion binding, zinc ion binding, which would be further localized in various subcellular locations.

Because ZNF337 has several post-translational modification sites, alternative protein states may be present that permit ZNF337 to have different forms.

ZNF337 also has a variety of interactions with other proteins as discussed above, suggesting it may have a broad range of action. The different transcription factors demonstrate roles in transcription regulation. The KRAB box in the beginning of the sequence may play an important role in cell differentiation and development as well as regulating viral replication and transcription. PHD fingers are found in nuclear proteins involved in epigenetics and chromatin-mediated transcriptional regulation. Zinc finger C2H2 transcription factors are sequence-specific DNA binding proteins that regulate transcription. They possess DNA-binding domains that are formed from repeated Cys<sub>2</sub>His<sub>2</sub> zinc finger motifs. Also, many proteins containing a RING finger play a key role in the ubiquitination pathway.

## Interacting proteins

Only the CEBPA transcription factor within the strongest DNAse HS cluster was also detected by GenoMatix. GenoMatix determined that potential transcription factors could include the following: TF2B, VTBP, CAAT, and CEBP. This is confirmed to be associated with the ZNF337 gene by the TF-ChIP ENCODE data and ORegAnno. The cluster score for this overlapping transcription factor, CEBPA, is 1000. Transcription Factors that might bind to regulatory sequences, specifically the enhancer region, includes CEBPA (chr20:25670005-25670302) and CTCF (chr20:25670168-25670507).

## Clinical significance

Diseases associated with the ZNF337 gene include the development of adult astrocytic tumors, which is the most common glial (brain cell) tumor occurring within the brain and spinal cord. This observation and association could make sense as there is a high expression of the ZNF337 gene in various parts of the brain (specifically the cerebellum).

There are several notable SNPs in the coding sequence of ZNF337. These mutations include mostly missense and nonsense mutations.

## Suggested Readings

## InfoBox

| ZNF337 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Identifiers | | | |
| Aliases | ZNF337, zinc finger protein 337 | | |
| External IDs | HomoloGene: 49427; GeneCards: ZNF337; OMA:ZNF337 - orthologs | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
| Orthologs  Species **Human** **Mouse**  Entrez   Ensembl   UniProt   RefSeq (mRNA)     NM\_001290261<br>NM\_015655   n/a   RefSeq (protein)     NP\_001277190<br>NP\_056470   n/a   Location (UCSC) Chr 20: 25.67 – 25.7 Mb n/a  PubMed search  n/a | | | |
| Wikidata | | | |
| View/Edit Human | | | |


title: The (Post) Mistress

abstract: The (Post) Mistress is a musical play by Tomson Highway. The play has also been staged in a French version titled Zesty Gopher s'est fait écraser par un frigo and a Cree version titled Kisageetin, although The (Post) Mistress, a predominantly English show which retains some French and Cree lyrics, is the most widely produced version. Set in the 1960s, the show centres on Marie-Louise, a postmistress in the small Northern Ontario town of Lovely, on the rural outskirts of the larger city of Complexity. She possesses the supernatural ability to read through sealed envelopes, thus serving as a keeper of the town's stories and secrets, and the songs detail her revelations about life in the community. The city of Complexity is based on the Ontario city of Sudbury, while the town of Lovely is a pastiche of the city's suburban and outlying rural francophone communities such as Chelmsford, Azilda and Highway's own hometown of Noëlville. Most productions of the show to date have starred Sudbury musician and actress Patricia Cano in the lead role, although some have also starred Pandora Topp or Martha Irving. The play was published in book form by Talonbooks in 2013. A soundtrack album, with Cano performing the songs, was released in 2014, and garnered a Juno Award nomination for Aboriginal Album of the Year at the Juno Awards of 2015.

text:
# The (Post) Mistress

***The (Post) Mistress*** is a musical play by Tomson Highway. The play has also been staged in a French version titled ***Zesty Gopher s'est fait écraser par un frigo*** and a Cree version titled ***Kisageetin***, although *The (Post) Mistress*, a predominantly English show which retains some French and Cree lyrics, is the most widely produced version.

Set in the 1960s, the show centres on Marie-Louise, a postmistress in the small Northern Ontario town of Lovely, on the rural outskirts of the larger city of Complexity. She possesses the supernatural ability to read through sealed envelopes, thus serving as a keeper of the town's stories and secrets, and the songs detail her revelations about life in the community. The city of Complexity is based on the Ontario city of Sudbury, while the town of Lovely is a pastiche of the city's suburban and outlying rural francophone communities such as Chelmsford, Azilda and Highway's own hometown of Noëlville.

Most productions of the show to date have starred Sudbury musician and actress Patricia Cano in the lead role, although some have also starred Pandora Topp or Martha Irving.

The play was published in book form by Talonbooks in 2013. A soundtrack album, with Cano performing the songs, was released in 2014, and garnered a Juno Award nomination for Aboriginal Album of the Year at the Juno Awards of 2015.

## Songs

1. "Taansi Nimiss" (5:06)
2. "Hey, Good-Lookin'" (3:40)
3. "Quand je danse" (5:08)
4. "Oh Little Bear" (5:26)
5. "Love I Know Is Here" (5:39)
6. "The Window" (5:37)
7. "When Last I Was in Buenos Aires, Argentina" (8:56)
8. "Some Say a Rose" (6:36)
9. "Mad to Love" (5:21)
10. "Have I Told You" (6:46)
11. "The Robins of Dawn" (7:34)


title: WKS Grodno

abstract: Wojskowy Klub Sportowy Grodno was a Polish football team, located in Grodno, Poland, on the historic territory of Kresy Wschodnie. The club was founded in 1934, when the team of “Cresovia” Grodno merged with a few local clubs. A year later, WKS won championships of the Białystok A-Class, however, it never succeeded in winning championships of northeastern Poland, year by year losing to the local powerhouse, Śmigły Wilno. Grodno's side was supported by the garrison of the Polish Army and it ceased to exist after Soviet invasion of Poland (1939).

text:
# WKS Grodno

**Wojskowy Klub Sportowy Grodno** (WKS Grodno) was a Polish football team, located in Grodno, Poland (now Belarus), on the historic territory of Kresy Wschodnie (Polish Eastern Borderlands).

The club was founded in 1934, when the team of “Cresovia” Grodno merged with a few local clubs. A year later, WKS won championships of the Białystok A-Class, however, it never succeeded in winning championships of northeastern Poland, year by year losing to the local powerhouse, Śmigły Wilno. Grodno's side was supported by the garrison of the Polish Army and it ceased to exist after Soviet invasion of Poland (1939).

## Retro league

In 2019, the WKS Grodno team had been reconstructed by the historical reconstruction association in Poland as part of the Retro Liga project. The players play in carefully recreated costumes and shoes according to the rules of 1938. The teams chosen for the Retro Liga were those forced to disband in 1939 after the outbreak of World War II. The other teams who took part were WKS Kutno, WKS Łowicz, Śmigły Wilno (Śmigły were not reformed as the borders after WWII meant they were now in Lithuanian territory), and Lechia Lwów (Lechia were not reformed as the borders after WWII meant they were now in Ukrainian territory).

## Sources


title: WTIC-TV

abstract: WTIC-TV is a television station in Hartford, Connecticut, United States, serving the Hartford–New Haven market as an affiliate of the Fox network. It is owned by Tegna Inc. alongside Waterbury-licensed CW affiliate WCCT-TV. The two stations share studios on Broad Street in downtown Hartford; WTIC-TV's transmitter is located on Rattlesnake Mountain in Farmington. The station was established in 1984 as an independent station, securing the Fox affiliation at the network's launch in 1986. The affiliation gave the station ratings success and the backing to launch a local newscast. From 2000 to 2013, the station was co-owned with the Hartford Courant, which led to newsroom collaboration and a significant expansion of local news programming as well as legal cases and criticism of the cross-ownership of the newspaper and the TV station. Tegna acquired WTIC-TV in 2019 as the result of divestitures related to the merger of Tribune Media with Nexstar Media Group.

text:
# WTIC-TV

**WTIC-TV** (channel 61) is a television station in Hartford, Connecticut, United States, serving the Hartford–New Haven market as an affiliate of the Fox network. It is owned by Tegna Inc. alongside Waterbury-licensed CW affiliate WCCT-TV (channel 20). The two stations share studios on Broad Street in downtown Hartford; WTIC-TV's transmitter is located on Rattlesnake Mountain in Farmington.

The station was established in 1984 as an independent station, securing the Fox affiliation at the network's launch in 1986. The affiliation gave the station ratings success and the backing to launch a local newscast. From 2000 to 2013, the station was co-owned with the *Hartford Courant*, which led to newsroom collaboration and a significant expansion of local news programming as well as legal cases and criticism of the cross-ownership of the newspaper and the TV station. Tegna acquired WTIC-TV in 2019 as the result of divestitures related to the merger of Tribune Media with Nexstar Media Group.

## History

### Prior use of channel 61 in Hartford

Even though ultra high frequency (UHF) channel 61 had been allotted to Hartford since the mid-1960s, it was still not used by a full-power TV station by the end of the 1970s. However, there had been some interest in the allocation. Under the name of Kappa Television Corporation, a man from Rowayton applied in 1965 for a construction permit. His proposed station, WUHF-TV, would have focused on local sports and news coverage. It was intended to launch in 1967, but Kappa was unable to raise the money to build the station in the face of increased costs for color television equipment. As a result, in late 1968, the firm filed to sell its permit to Evans Broadcasting Corporation, a business of Thomas Mellon Evans. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) approved the deal in April 1970, but Evans never went through with the purchase, and the permit was forfeited in 1971. There was also one group that stated its intention to file for the permit in 1973.

As the full-power allocation of channel 61 lay fallow, the FCC permitted its use by two translator stations during the 1970s. The first was established by Connecticut Public Television (CPTV), which built a translator to improve service to Waterbury in 1973. A second went on the air from Hartford in September 1980, rebroadcasting the programming of Spanish-language station WXTV in the New York City area.

### Comparative hearing and construction

The successful advent of subscription television (STV) in the late 1970s led a number of applicants to express their interest in channel 61 in Hartford. The first two groups to do so each had plans to introduce STV on their stations: Golden West Broadcasters, the Los Angeles-based media company owned by Gene Autry, and Hartford Television, a subsidiary of the fledgling Sinclair Broadcast Group.

A third company, Arch Communications, entered the bidding in November 1979. Arch was a locally based consortium headed by Arnold Chase, the 28-year-old son of developer David Chase, owner of WTIC AM-FM in Hartford. The minority partners included Edna N. Smith, a Hartford educator; Randall Pinkston, a reporter for Hartford's WFSB (channel 3); and James Grasso, son of Connecticut governor Ella T. Grasso. Arnold Chase had become smitten with independent TV after seeing the depiction of a news crew in the movie *The China Syndrome*. This consortium was joined by a fourth contender, The Great Hartford County Telecasting Corporation, which was associated with an owner of nursing homes and a man with television and real estate interests in Los Angeles.

The FCC designated these four applications, plus a fifth for a station to be located in nearby Middletown, for comparative hearing in August 1981. Two years later, the commission delivered its ruling and awarded the construction permit to Arch Communications in September 1983. Arch announced it would name its station WETG—in memory of Grasso, who had died in 1981—and laid out plans for an independent station, the market's second after WTXX-TV (channel 20), to begin broadcasting in June 1984. By this time, Pinkston had sold his shares in Arch back to the company. The station began to purchase syndicated programming to fill out its broadcast day, helping to raise prices that Connecticut stations paid for syndicated shows. A 1,339-foot (408 m) tower on Rattlesnake Mountain near Farmington was approved definitively in July 1984.

Less than two months before going to air, channel 61 made one more change. In December 1983, the FCC liberalized its rules around call signs. This allowed David Chase to grant his son permission—with an FCC waiver—to name the station WTIC-TV, allowing the new channel 61 to trade on the WTIC call letters' 60-year heritage in Connecticut. Arnold Chase had wanted to use the WTIC call letters for some time, knowing they would give his new station instant visibility and credibility. However, he had been unable to do so before the rule change. This made channel 61 the second station in Connecticut to bear the WTIC-TV call sign; it had previously been used on channel 3 from its sign-on in 1957 until its sale in 1974 required a rename. The station remained dedicated in Grasso's memory and would use images of Grasso at sign-on and sign-off. The station would also be housed in One Corporate Center, a building owned by David Chase also colloquially known as the "Stilts Building". Channel 61 was cleared by CPTV and by the WXTV translator, which moved to channel 47 in advance of WTIC-TV signing on and is today WUTH-CD.

### Early years

After an estimated $10 million in expenditures, WTIC-TV began broadcasting on September 17, 1984. Programming consisted primarily of syndicated reruns, with just one local show on the initial schedule. Jimmy Carter and Eddie Albert were guests of honor at the dedication ceremony, and Bob Steele, who had said the first words on WTIC-TV channel 3 when it started in 1957, did the same for the new WTIC-TV.

WTIC-TV signed on and established itself behind WTXX in the ratings, suffering from the more established syndicated programming inventory of channel 20, which had been an independent outlet since 1982, though such programming purchases as the local rights to air Boston Celtics basketball allowed the new station to make inroads. However, in 1986, an event would change both stations' trajectories. With the start-up of the new Fox network, WTXX and WTIC-TV each pushed to become its Hartford–New Haven affiliate. However, WTXX's signal had more overlap with WNYW, the Fox station in New York, than WTIC-TV, and channel 61 secured the affiliation. By 1988, WTIC-TV had surpassed WTXX in prime time and total-day ratings.

A downturn in the independent stations advertising market in the mid-1980s would take its toll on WTIC-TV's finances at the same time channel 61 was merging into Chase Broadcasting, David Chase's business and the owner of the WTIC radio stations. Disputes with syndicators MCA Television and Embassy Television led to sudden program removals. The merger was approved in September 1986 but not completed until a year later due to an internal review. Chase Broadcasting began to buy media properties outside of Connecticut in 1989, most notably other Fox-affiliated stations: WATL in Atlanta, KDVR in Denver, and WXIN in Indianapolis.

### Renaissance Broadcasting ownership

In 1991, Chase Broadcasting announced it would sell some or all of its properties in order to invest in new business ventures in Eastern Europe after the end of the Cold War, particularly successful cable television systems in Poland. While the Chase family would retain the WTIC radio stations for the time being, it sold four of its five Fox affiliates, including WTIC-TV, to Renaissance Broadcasting, a Greenwich company that already owned WTXX. To comply with prevailing FCC regulations, Renaissance sold WTXX to a Roman Catholic non-profit group, Counterpoint Communications; both deals were completed in March 1993. Some syndicated programs from WTXX moved to WTIC-TV. While Renaissance tried to negotiate a local marketing agreement (LMA) with Counterpoint in which it would buy WTXX's entire broadcast day, Counterpoint wanted only a part-time arrangement, and negotiations fell through; eventually, WTXX entered into a part-time LMA with NBC affiliate WVIT (channel 30).

### Tribune ownership

On July 1, 1996, Chicago-based Tribune Broadcasting announced that it would acquire Renaissance Communications, by that time the largest non-network owner of Fox affiliates, for $1.13 billion (equivalent to $2.03 billion in 2023 dollars). Two years later, WTIC-TV replaced WVIT as the LMA partner for WTXX.

Tribune's presence in Connecticut media rapidly grew in the years after the LMA was announced. The company's merger with Times Mirror in 2000 brought the television station under the same corporate umbrella as the *Hartford Courant* newspaper, while Tribune bought WTXX outright in 2001, setting up a lengthy fight over cross-ownership of the newspaper and the TV station. The original FCC order required Tribune to sell either the newspaper or WTXX within six months, though the cross-ownership of the *Courant* and WTIC-TV would not need to be considered until the television station's license came up for renewal in 2007. Proposed changes in ownership rules and a circuit court ruling nullifying the same led a federal judge in 2005 to order Tribune to sell WTXX. The FCC then gave Tribune a waiver until 2007, which was later extended, to own that station.

In March 2009, Tribune announced that WTIC-TV and WTXX would relocate their studios and offices into the *Courant* building on Broad Street in Hartford as part of a multiplatform collaboration between the television and newspaper newsrooms; Richard Graziano, the general manager of the television stations, would also become publisher of the *Courant*. This was the largest of several similar newspaper-television integrations announced by Tribune in the same period. Connecticut attorney general Richard Blumenthal questioned the combination as violating the waiver. In 2010, two other Connecticut newspapers, the *Norwich Bulletin* and *Record-Journal* in Meriden, petitioned the FCC to force the breakup of the Connecticut operation in the context of Tribune's then-pending bankruptcy reorganization.

During Tribune's ownership, WTIC-TV was among the last stations in a top-30 media market to begin broadcasting in digital, requiring an extension from the FCC because it could not meet a 2002 deadline for major network affiliates. This was because the FCC had originally assigned very high frequency (VHF) channel 5, to which WNYW in New York objected; the original digital facility was a low-power operation on UHF channel 31 under special temporary authority. WTIC-TV shut down its analog signal, over UHF channel 61, on June 12, 2009, as part of the federally mandated transition from analog to digital television; the station continued to broadcast digitally on channel 31, using virtual channel 61. The station later relocated its signal from channel 31 to channel 34 on August 2, 2019, as a result of the 2016 United States wireless spectrum auction.

Tribune announced plans to spin off its publishing division into a separate company in 2013; once the split was finalized the next year, WTIC-TV and WCCT-TV remained with the Tribune Company (which retained all non-publishing assets, including the broadcasting, digital media and Media Services units), while its newspapers (including the *Courant*) became part of the similarly named Tribune Publishing Company. Despite the split, the stations remained in the *Courant* building.

In 2017, Sinclair Broadcast Group announced it had agreed to purchase Tribune Media for $3.9 billion. The transaction was nullified on August 9, 2018, when Tribune Media terminated the Sinclair deal and filed a breach of contract lawsuit; this followed a public rejection of the merger by FCC chairman Ajit Pai and the commission voting to put the transactions up for a formal hearing.

### Tegna ownership

In the wake of the collapse of the Sinclair deal, Tribune agreed to sell itself to Nexstar Media Group for $6.4 billion. Nexstar already owned two stations in Connecticut—New Haven-based ABC affiliate WTNH and WCTX—requiring that it divest either the New Haven stations or WTIC-TV and WCCT-TV. On March 20, 2019, Tegna Inc. announced it would enter the state and purchase WTIC-TV and WCCT-TV from Nexstar upon consummation of the merger as part of the company's sale of nineteen Nexstar- and Tribune-operated stations to Tegna and the E. W. Scripps Company in separate deals worth $1.32 billion. The sale was completed on September 19, 2019.

## News operation

The creation of a news operation for channel 61, in the mold of the respected WTIC radio newsroom, was an early and long-held goal for Arnold Chase and his team. At the station's dedication ceremony in 1984, general manager Bruce C. Mayer promised, "As soon as we're ready, and that won't be too long, we're going to present the facts with a first-class news operation in the WTIC tradition." A news studio and newsroom were accommodated in the design of the One Corporate Center studios. However, five years passed before WTIC-TV aired a local newscast, in part because the merger into Chase Broadcasting helped afford the financial backing to make it a reality.

In November 1988, W. Vincent Burke, a former news executive with ABC, was hired to serve as the founding news director. Many anchors expressed interest in presenting the new half-hour 10 p.m. newscast, but even network correspondents were turned down to hire Chase's first choice. Longtime Connecticut news anchor Pat Sheehan, who had recently departed WFSB and was working as an investment banker, agreed to become the face of the new WTIC-TV newscast, meshing with the serious news approach favored by Chase.

The *WTIC News at Ten* began broadcasting in April 1989. Sheehan was joined by Beth Carroll, who had worked at WWLP-TV in Springfield, Massachusetts, on the anchor desk. In its early years, one of the most substantial areas of investment—and impact on the overall market—for WTIC-TV news was weather forecasting. The station had the first private Doppler weather radar in the state, which it trumpeted after a major severe weather outbreak on July 10, three months after the newscast hit the air. A private weather forecasting business, the New England Weather Service, was then created as an adjunct to WTIC radio and television. This led to a competition among Connecticut television stations to invest in new weather forecasting equipment. Ratings began to rise as well. At the start of 1991, the station expanded its newscast to seven days a week.

Under Renaissance, the 10 p.m. newscast expanded from 30 minutes to a full hour in 1995, with the second half hour originally featuring an in-depth feature segment, patterned after *Nightline*, known as "Tonight in Connecticut". After two months of low ratings, "Tonight in Connecticut" was dropped in August 1995. Sheehan would call the short life and quick demise of the segment "one of my greatest disappointments"; he left in 1999.

Beginning in the late 2000s, WTIC-TV began to increase its news output beyond late news. A two-hour morning newscast, the *Fox 61 Morning News*, began to air in 2008. After moving in with the *Courant*, noon and 6 p.m. broadcasts were added, the first in a flurry of new news offerings in the years that followed: an expanded morning newscast, 4 p.m. and 11 p.m. newscasts, weekend morning news, and a 5 p.m. newscast.

In July 2009, news reporter Shelly Sindland filed both state and federal complaints alleging age and gender discrimination in the station's newsroom. The *Courant*'s coverage of this story came under scrutiny. Newsblues, a blog covering the television news business, reported that the newspaper printed WTIC-TV's reaction before it published a story about the complaint, while a blogger who had been a *Courant* employee at the time noted that he had been told a story had been posted to the website and then removed after a complaint by management. In 2010, the Connecticut Commission on Human Rights and Opportunities found "reasonable cause" in her complaint, a finding the commission made in just four percent of cases it adjudicated in the preceding year.

## Technical information

### Subchannels

The station's signal is multiplexed:

Subchannels of WTIC-TV
| Channel | Res. | Aspect | Short name | Programming |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 61.1 | 720p | 16:9 | WTIC-DT | Fox |
| 61.2 | 480i | 4:3 | Ant TV | Antenna TV |
| | | 61.3 | GetTV | Get |
| | | 61.4 | Crime | True Crime Network |
| | 61.5 | 16:9 | Nest | The Nest |
| 20.1 | 720p | 16:9 | WCCT-DT | The CW (WCCT-TV) |

Broadcast on behalf of another station

WCCT-TV serves as Connecticut's ATSC 3.0 (NextGen TV) lighthouse, airing WTIC-TV and other local stations in that format while WTIC-TV broadcasts its main ATSC 1.0 subchannel.

## InfoBox

WTIC-TV
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| City | Hartford, Connecticut |
| Channels |  |
| Branding | Fox 61 |
| Programming | |
| Affiliations |  |
| Ownership | |
| Owner |  |
| Sister stations | WCCT-TV |
| History | |
| First air date | September 17, 1984 (1984-09-17) |
| Former call signs | WETG (never used on air) |
| Former channel number(s) | * **Analog:** 61 (UHF, 1984–2009) * **Digital:** 31 (UHF, 2003–2019) |
| Former affiliations | Independent (1984–1986) |
| Call sign meaning | Travelers Insurance Company, original owner of WTIC radio |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 147 |
| ERP | 526 kW |
| HAAT | 507 m (1,663 ft) |
| Transmitter coordinates | 41°42′13″N 72°49′55″W / 41.70361°N 72.83194°W / 41.70361; -72.83194 |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Website | www.fox61.com |


title: WNDY (FM)

abstract: WNDY, is a college radio station in Crawfordsville, Indiana, owned and operated by Wabash College. The station simulcasts the Indianapolis NPR station WFYI-FM. The station is not related to the similarly called television station, WNDY-TV in Indianapolis, which is owned by Circle City Broadcasting.

text:
# WNDY (FM)

**WNDY** (91.3 FM), is a college radio station in Crawfordsville, Indiana, owned and operated by Wabash College. The station simulcasts the Indianapolis NPR station WFYI-FM.

The station is not related to the similarly called television station, WNDY-TV in Indianapolis, which is owned by Circle City Broadcasting.

## InfoBox

WNDY
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Frequency | 91.3 (MHz) |
| Programming | |
| Format | Public radio |
| Affiliations | National Public Radio |
| Ownership | |
| Owner |  |
| History | |
| First air date | 1997 (1997) |
| Former call signs | WAQN (1997) |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 81314 |
| Class | A |
| ERP | 2,200 watts |
| HAAT | 59 meters |
| Transmitter coordinates | 40°03′19″N 86°55′57″W / 40.05528°N 86.93250°W / 40.05528; -86.93250 |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Website | http://www.wfyi.org/ |