title: Tumchaite

abstract: Tumchaite, Na2(Zr,Sn)Si4O11·H2O, is a colorless to white monoclinic phyllosilicate mineral. It is associated with calcite, dolomite, and pyrite in the late dolomite-calcite carbonatites. It can be transparent to translucent; has a vitreous luster; and has perfect cleavage on {100}. Its hardness is 4.5, between fluorite and apatite. Tumchaite is isotypic with penkvilksite. The structure of the mineral is identified by silicate sheets parallel {100}, formed by alternation of clockwise and counterclockwise growing spiral chains of corner-sharing SiO4 tetrahedra. Tumchaite is named for the river Tumcha near Vuoriyarvi massif.

text:
# Tumchaite

**Tumchaite**, Na2(Zr,Sn)Si4O11·H2O, is a colorless to white monoclinic phyllosilicate mineral. It is associated with calcite, dolomite, and pyrite in the late dolomite-calcite carbonatites. It can be transparent to translucent; has a vitreous luster; and has perfect cleavage on {100}. Its hardness is 4.5, between fluorite and apatite. Tumchaite is isotypic with penkvilksite. The structure of the mineral is identified by silicate sheets parallel {100}, formed by alternation of clockwise and counterclockwise growing spiral chains of corner-sharing SiO4 tetrahedra. Tumchaite is named for the river Tumcha near Vuoriyarvi massif.

## Occurrence

Tumchaite is found in carbonatites of the alkaline-ultramafic Vuoriyarvi massif, the Murmansk Region, Russia. This is located in the North Karelia on the north shore of the Vuoriyarvi lake and occupies an area of about 19.5 km2. The mineral has been found as lens-like segregation of .5 x 1.0 x 1.5 cm3 in size in core sample from the bore hole. Tumchaite is associated with calcite, dolomite, a mineral of the serpentine group, and pyrite, and is formed during the hydrothermal alteration of carbonatites.

## Physical properties

Tumchaite occurs as tabular monoclinic crystals, but other habits include massive and granular. The size of individual crystals is approximately 0.2 x 1.2 x 2.5 mm3. It is colorless to white, transparent to translucent. The streak is white and the luster is vitreous. Cleavage on {100} is perfect, no parting is observed, and fracture is uneven as tumchaite is very brittle. The Mohs hardness is 4.5, between fluorite and apatite. The Vickers hardness test yielded 365 to 445- averaging 410- kg/mm2 with a 40 g load. The density, which was determined by flotation of the mineral using a dilute Clerici-H2O solution, was 2.78 (2) g/cm3 versus the 2.77 g/cm3 determined by the empirical formula.

## Chemical composition

Subbotin et al., performed quantitative electron microprobe analysis with MS 46 CAMECA instrument operated at 20kV (30 for Zr) and sample current 15-30 nA. The following standards were used for the elements shown in parentheses: lorenzenite (for Na and Ti), diopside (Ca and Si), wadeite (Zr), hematite (Fe), MnCO3 (Mn), Y3Al5O12 (Y), metallic Sn, Hf, and Nb.

Water contents could not be determined due to little amount of homogeneous material. The presence of molecular water in the mineral was confirmed by the refinement of the crystal structure. The empirical formula, calculated on the basis of 13 O atoms is (Na2.03Ca0.01)(Zr0.76Sn0.17Ti0.02Hf0.01)Si4.02O11·2H2O, simplified to Na2(Zr,Sn)Si4O11·H2O.

## X-ray crystallography

A single crystal with the approximate dimensions of 0.20 x 0.20 x 0.20 mm3 was selected for the X-ray study. This study was performed using a Siemens P4 four circle diffractometer, using graphite monochromatized Mo*K*α radiation (λ=0.71073 Å). Unit cell parameters were found through a least square fit using 25 medium θ reflections: *a*=9.144 (4), *b*=8.818 (3), *c*=7.537 (3) Å, β=113.22 (3)°, *V*=558.49 Å3, *Z*=2. The full diffraction pattern can be found in Table 2 of Subbotin, et al.

## Structure

Tumchaite is isotypic with penkvilksite-1*M* and is chemically related to vlasovite. The dominant structural feature of tumchaite is the silicate sheet \[Si4O11\] parallel to {100}, which can be considered as a result of condensation of the tetrahedral spiral chains running along \[010\] with six tetrahedra in the repeat unit. Adjacent spirals are oriented in alternate clockwise and counterclockwise ways. Tumchaite contains two symmetrically independent SiO4 tetrahedra: Si1 and Si2 have two and three bridging O atoms, respectively.

The tetrahedral silicate sheets are connected by cationic octahedra with a disordered distribution of Zr and Sn (at 0, 1/2, 0), with the Zr/Sn ratio in these octahedra being 4. Figure 2 of Subbotin, et al., shows an illustration of this structure.

## InfoBox

| Tumchaite | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| General | |
| Category | Phyllosilicate |
| Formula
(repeating unit) | Na2(Zr,Sn)Si4O11·H2O |
| IMA symbol | Tum |
| Crystal system | Monoclinic |
| Crystal class | Prismatic (2/m)
(same H-M symbol) |
| Space group | *P*21/c |
| Unit cell | a = 9.144 , b = 8.818 Å
c = 7.537 Å, β = 113.22°; Z = 2 |
| Identification | |
| Formula mass | 462.51 g/mol |
| Color | Colorless to white |
| Crystal habit | Prismatic, tabular, massive, granular |
| Twinning | on {100} |
| Cleavage | Perfect on {100} |
| Fracture | Uneven |
| Tenacity | Brittle |
| Mohs scale hardness | Close to 4.5 |
| Luster | Vitreous |
| Streak | Colorless to white |
| Diaphaneity | Translucent to transparent |
| Specific gravity | 2.78 |
| Optical properties | Biaxial (-) |
| Refractive index | nα = 1.570, nβ = 1.588, nγ = 1.594 |
| Birefringence | δ = 0.0240 |
| Pleochroism | Colorless to greenish-gray |
| 2V angle | 60 (5)° |
| Ultraviolet fluorescence | None |
| Solubility | Does not dissolve with dilute HCl |
| References |  |


title: Tigliane

abstract: Tigliane is a diterpene that forms the structural basis for some natural chemical compounds such as phorbol.

text:
# Tigliane

**Tigliane** is a diterpene that forms the structural basis for some natural chemical compounds such as phorbol.

## InfoBox

Tigliane
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Names | |
| Preferred IUPAC name (1aS,1bR,3S,4aS,6R,7aR,7bR,8R,9aR)-1,1,3,6,8-pentamethyltetradecahydro-1H-cyclopropa\[3,4\]benzo\[1,2-e\]azulene | |
| Other names Tiglian | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number |  |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| ChEBI |  |
| ChemSpider |  |
| PubChem CID |  |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |  |
| InChI * InChI=1S/C20H34/c1-11-6-14-7-12(2)9-16-18(15(14)8-11)13(3)10-17-19(16)20(17,4)5/h11-19H,6-10H2,1-5H3/t11-,12+,13-,14+,15-,16-,17-,18-,19+/m1/s1 YKey: CGVXVPQJMYMMIH-HKDZDBKOSA-N Y | |
| SMILES * C\[C@@H\]1C\[C@H\]2C\[C@@H\](C\[C@@H\]3\[C@@H\](\[C@@H\]2C1)\[C@@H\](C\[C@@H\]4\[C@H\]3C4(C)C)C)C | |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C20H34 |
| Molar mass | 274.492 g·mol−1 |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C \[77 °F\], 100 kPa). N (what is YN ?)  Infobox references | |


title: Michael Peskin

abstract: Michael Edward Peskin is an American theoretical physicist. He is currently a professor in the theory group at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. Peskin has been recognized for his work in proposing and analyzing unifying models of elementary particles and forces in theoretical elementary particle physics, and proposing experimental methods for testing such models. Peskin was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2000. He was appointed a co-editor of the journal Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science as of 2023.

text:
# Michael Peskin

**Michael Edward Peskin** (born October 27, 1951, Philadelphia) is an American theoretical physicist. He is currently a professor in the theory group at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory.

Peskin has been recognized for his work in proposing and analyzing unifying models of elementary particles and forces in theoretical elementary particle physics, and proposing experimental methods for testing such models. Peskin was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2000. He was appointed a co-editor of the journal *Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science* as of 2023.

## Education

Michael Peskin is a fourth generation descendent of Jewish Lithuanian emigrants from the Pale of Settlement. Both of his parents became medical doctors. Peskin attended Lower Merion High School in the Philadelphia area and later New Trier West in the Chicago suburbs.

Peskin was an undergraduate at Harvard University. He obtained his Ph.D. in 1978 at Cornell University studying under Kenneth Wilson. He was a junior fellow at the Harvard Society of Fellows from 1977–1980.

## Career

After receiving his Ph.D. from Cornell University, Peskin served as a junior fellow of the Harvard Society of Fellows from 1977 to 1980. He also held postdoctoral appointments at Saclay Nuclear Research Centre (1979–1980) and Cornell (1980–1982). In 1982, Peskin joined the faculty of the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory at Stanford University.

In 2000, Peskin was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He was appointed a co-editor of the journal *Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science* as of 2023. He also serves on the Board of Directors of Annual Reviews.

## Research

Peskin has worked on many aspects of quantum field theory and elementary particle physics, exploring and going beyond the Standard Model of particle physics to explore technicolor theories. Peskin and Schroeder's widely used textbook on quantum field theory, *An Introduction to Quantum Field Theory* (1995, 2018) is considered a classic in the field. More recently, he has written *Concepts of Elementary Particle Physics* (2019), a textbook on the Standard Model.

In 1990, Peskin and Tatsu Takeuchi proposed the parameterization of a set of three measurable quantities, called S, T, and U, that are used to describe and simplify precision electroweak fits. These parameters are sensitive to new physics which contributes to oblique corrections. They are now called the Peskin–Takeuchi parameters.

Peskin uses high energy colliders to search for new physical interactions on the basis of high-precision observations and measurements of elementary particles, including the W and Z bosons, the top quark, and the Higgs boson. He is interested in modelling dark matter and is a noted advocate of building a future linear collider, a “Higgs factory”.

## Selected publications

* Peskin, Michael Edward; Schroeder, Daniel V. (1995). *An introduction to quantum field theory*. Reading: Addison-Wesley. Second Edition, 2018.
* Peskin, M. E. (1 May 1997). *Beyond the Standard Model*. SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States).
* Peskin, Michael (13 June 2018). *Model-Independent Determination of the Triple Higgs Coupling at e e- Colliders*. SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States). OSTI 1443894.
* Peskin, Michael Edward (2019). *Concepts of elementary particle physics*. Oxford New York: Oxford university press. ISBN 9780198812180.

## InfoBox

| Michael Peskin | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | 27 October 1951 <br>Philadelphia |
| Alma mater |  |
| Occupation | Particle physicist, university teacher, astrophysicist, physicist, scientist |
| Employer |  |
| Website | http://www.slac.stanford.edu/~mpeskin/ |


title: Luisa Gan

abstract: Luisa Gan is a former Singaporean actress, model and contracted artiste under MediaCorp. She was prominently a full-time Mediacorp artiste in 2015–2016. She was Miss Singapore 2014 and she has represented Singapore in the Miss Universe pageant.

text:
# Luisa Gan

**Luisa Gan** (born 12 September 1994) is a former Singaporean actress, model and contracted artiste under MediaCorp. She was prominently a full-time Mediacorp artiste in 2015–2016. She was Miss Singapore 2014 and she has represented Singapore in the Miss Universe pageant .

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **2013** | Gonna Make It 小小傳奇 | As herself | Cameo |  |
| **2015** | Ghost at Caldecott 周公讲鬼 之 电台有鬼 | Luisa | Cameo |  |
| | The Dream Makers II 志在四方 2 | Portrayed Herself | Cameo |  |
| | Life - Fear Not 人生无所畏 | Xia Tian 夏天 |  |  |
| **2016** | House of Fortune 钱来运转 | Yang Meimei 杨美美 | Cameo |  |
| | Peace & Prosperity 富貴平安 | Wati | Supporting |  |
| | If Only I Could 十年。。。你还好吗 ? | Rachel | Cameo |  |
| | I Want to Be a Star 小咖大作战 | Juliet | Supporting |  |
| | You Can Be an Angel 2 你也可以是天使 2 | Su Li 苏丽 | Supporting |  |

## Miss Universe 2016

| Year | Award | Results |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2014 | Miss Singapore | Won |
| 2016 | Miss Universe 2016 | Nominated |

## InfoBox

| Luisa Gan | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Luisa Gan
(1994-09-12) 12 September 1994
Singapore |
| Nationality | Singaporean |
| Occupation(s) | Actress, Model |
| Years active | 2014–2016 |
|  | |
|  | |
| Chinese name | |
| Traditional Chinese | 顏爾 |
| Simplified Chinese | 颜尔 |
| Transcriptions  Standard Mandarin  Hanyu Pinyin Yán Ěr | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: War Zone D

abstract: War Zone D was the area in South Vietnam around the Dong Nai River, north of Bien Hoa which served as a Viet Cong (VC) and People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) base area and infiltration route during the Vietnam War.

text:
# War Zone D

**War Zone D** was the area in South Vietnam around the Dong Nai River, north of Bien Hoa which served as a Viet Cong (VC) and People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) base area and infiltration route during the Vietnam War.

## Geography

War Zone D, located in the area designated as III Corps, began approximately 10km north of Bien Hoa. It comprised southern Phước Long Province, northern Long Khánh Province, northwest Bình Dương Province and northeast Biên Hòa Province. Its northern boundary was Route 14, its western boundary was Route 13 and its southern and eastern boundaries were the Dong Nai River.

Unlike other PAVN/VC bases it was located away from the Cambodian border making it more difficult to supply and lacking the protection afforded by Cambodian neutrality.

## Actions

War Zone D was the target of a number of early actions by U.S. forces during the Vietnam War as they sought to extend their control out from the greater Saigon area. Shortly after their arrival in South Vietnam, the 173rd Airborne Brigade began their first combat operation on 27 June 1965 with an incursion with Army of Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) forces into War Zone D. On 7 July troops of Company A, 1st Battalion, 503rd Infantry Regiment walked into an L-shaped ambush in the zone and killed an estimated 50 VC. From 5-8 November the 173rd Airborne and 1st Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment conducted Operation Hump in the zone.

From 11 February to 2 March 1966 the U.S. 1st Infantry Division conducted Operation Rolling Stone to create a road linking Route 13 with Route 16 and isolate the zone from War Zone C to the west.

The main supply route into the zone was named the Adams Trail which began at Base Area 351 on the Cambodian side of the Phước Long Province border, tunneled its way south through a triple-canopy rainforest, skirted the eastern edge of Sông Bé Province and then passed through the western half of War Zone D. Operated by the 70th Rear Service Group, the trail terminated in northern Biên Hòa Province at a base area known to the Americans as the Catcher's Mitt (11°07′16″N 106°49′52″E / 11.121°N 106.831°E / 11.121; 106.831).

From 4 December 1967 to 17 February 1968 the U.S. 199th Infantry Brigade conducted Operation Manchester to interdict PAVN/VC supply routes into the zone and keep the PAVN/VC away from Tân Uyên town and the Đồng Nai river hamlets and prevent rocket attacks on Long Binh Post and Bien Hoa Air Base.

A multi-division operation was planned against the zone in 1968, but following the Tet Offensive this was deferred in favor of Operation Quyet Thang. Operation Toan Thang I and its subsequent operations eventually expanded to cover most of III Corps including the zone.


abstract: The 1988–89 Boise State Broncos men's basketball team represented Boise State University during the 1988–89 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Broncos were led by sixth-year head coach Bobby Dye and played their home games on campus at the BSU Pavilion in Boise, Idaho. They finished the regular season at 22–5 overall, with a 13–3 record in the Big Sky Conference, tied for first in the standings with rival Idaho. In the conference tournament at home in Boise, the top-seeded Broncos again received a bye into the semifinals and defeated Weber State by eleven points. They met second-seeded Idaho in the final and fell by seven. With the NCAA tournament on their home floor, BSU was invited to the National Invitation Tournament (NIT), and traveled to Stillwater, Oklahoma, where they lost by fourteen points to the Oklahoma State Cowboys of the Big Eight Conference. The Broncos were led on the court by senior guard Chris Childs, who went on to a lengthy professional career, ending with nine years in the NBA.

text:
# 1988–89 Boise State Broncos men's basketball team

1988–89 Big Sky men's basketball standings
|  | Conf | | | | |  |  | Overall | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Team | W |  | L |  | PCT |  |  | W |  | L |  | PCT |
| Boise State | 13 |  | 3 |  | .813 |  |  | 23 |  | 7 |  | .767 |
| Idaho | 13 |  | 3 |  | .813 |  |  | 25 |  | 6 |  | .806 |
| Montana | 11 |  | 5 |  | .688 |  |  | 20 |  | 11 |  | .645 |
| Nevada | 10 |  | 6 |  | .625 |  |  | 16 |  | 12 |  | .571 |
| Weber State | 9 |  | 7 |  | .563 |  |  | 17 |  | 11 |  | .607 |
| Montana State | 6 |  | 10 |  | .375 |  |  | 15 |  | 16 |  | .484 |
| Eastern Washington | 5 |  | 11 |  | .313 |  |  | 8 |  | 22 |  | .267 |
| Idaho State | 4 |  | 12 |  | .250 |  |  | 9 |  | 18 |  | .333 |
| Northern Arizona | 1 |  | 15 |  | .063 |  |  | 2 |  | 25 |  | .074 |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Conference tournament winner
 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

The **1988–89 Boise State Broncos men's basketball team** represented Boise State University during the 1988–89 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Broncos were led by sixth-year head coach Bobby Dye and played their home games on campus at the BSU Pavilion in Boise, Idaho.

They finished the regular season at 22–5 overall, with a 13–3 record in the Big Sky Conference, tied for first in the standings with rival Idaho. In the conference tournament at home in Boise, the top-seeded Broncos again received a bye into the semifinals and defeated Weber State by eleven points. They met second-seeded Idaho in the final and fell by seven.

With the NCAA tournament on their home floor, BSU was invited to the National Invitation Tournament (NIT), and traveled to Stillwater, Oklahoma, where they lost by fourteen points to the Oklahoma State Cowboys of the Big Eight Conference.

The Broncos were led on the court by senior guard Chris Childs, who went on to a lengthy professional career, ending with nine years in the NBA.

## Postseason results

| Date
time, TV | Rank# | Opponent# | Result | Record | Site (attendance)
city, state |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Big Sky tournament | | | | | |
| Fri, March 10
8:37 pm | (1) | (5) Weber State
*Semifinal* | **W** 71–60 | 23–5
 | BSU Pavilion (10,600)
Boise, Idaho |
| Sat, March 11
9:07 pm, ESPN | (1) | (2) Idaho
*Final* | **L** 52–59 | 23–6
 | BSU Pavilion (11,576)
Boise, Idaho |
| National Invitation tournament | | | | | |
| Fri, March 17*
6:30 pm |  | at Oklahoma State
*First round* | **L** 55–69 | 23–7
 | Gallagher-Iba Arena (5,675)
Stillwater, Oklahoma |
| *Non-conference game. #Rankings from AP Poll. (#) Tournament seedings in parentheses.
All times are in Mountain time. | | | | | | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| 1988–89 Boise State Broncos men's basketball | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Big Sky Regular Season co-champions | |
| National Invitation Tournament, First round | |
| Conference | Big Sky Conference |
| Record | 23–7 (13–3 Big Sky) |
| Head coach |  |
| Assistant coach | Rod Jensen |
| Home arena | BSU Pavilion |
|


title: Paul Kurtz (goldsmith)

abstract: Paul Kurtz came to Denmark from Germany in 1655. He made silver and gold items for Frederik III and was mentioned in 1659 as "the King's goldsmith". Frederik III had large parts of his daughters' trousseau bought in Paris, which, already at that time, was a centre for European fashion. But the jewellery was commissioned to Kurtz. He was, therefore, considered an outstanding jeweller. In 1670–1671 he made his principal piece of work, Crown of Christian V. The closed shape was inspired by the crown of Louis XIV of France, but Kurtz replaced the lily-shaped points of the French crown with palmettes and adorned the crown with a row of diamonds intertwined with palmette and acanthus. In that way a "white" play of light was created, which was framed by blue and red in the sapphires and garnets of the crown ring and the orb and cross in the top. After the death of Kurtz his studio was continued by his wife and his son Frederik, who was commissioned as Court goldsmith in 1676.

text:
# Paul Kurtz (goldsmith)

**Paul Kurtz** came to Denmark from Germany in 1655. He made silver and gold items for Frederik III and was mentioned in 1659 as "the King's goldsmith".

Frederik III had large parts of his daughters' trousseau bought in Paris, which, already at that time, was a centre for European fashion. But the jewellery was commissioned to Kurtz. He was, therefore, considered an outstanding jeweller. In 1670–1671 he made his principal piece of work, Crown of Christian V. The closed shape was inspired by the crown of Louis XIV of France, but Kurtz replaced the lily-shaped points of the French crown with palmettes and adorned the crown with a row of diamonds intertwined with palmette and acanthus. In that way a "white" play of light was created, which was framed by blue and red in the sapphires and garnets of the crown ring and the orb and cross in the top.

After the death of Kurtz his studio was continued by his wife and his son Frederik, who was commissioned as Court goldsmith in 1676.


title: Provin Mountain

abstract: Provin Mountain is a very narrow traprock mountain ridge located in the Connecticut River Valley of Massachusetts. It is part of the Metacomet Ridge which extends from Long Island Sound near New Haven, Connecticut, north through the Connecticut River Valley of Massachusetts to the Vermont border. Provin Mountain is known for its scenic cliffs, unique microclimate ecosystems, and rare plant communities. It is traversed by the 114 mile (183 km) Metacomet-Monadnock Trail.

text:
# Provin Mountain

**Provin Mountain** is a very narrow traprock mountain ridge located in the Connecticut River Valley of Massachusetts. It is part of the Metacomet Ridge which extends from Long Island Sound near New Haven, Connecticut, north through the Connecticut River Valley of Massachusetts to the Vermont border. Provin Mountain is known for its scenic cliffs, unique microclimate ecosystems, and rare plant communities. It is traversed by the 114 mile (183 km) Metacomet-Monadnock Trail.

## Geography

Provin Mountain rises steeply between 200 and 450 feet (61 and 137 m) above the river valleys of the Connecticut River and Westfield River below, with a high point of 600 feet (183 m) above sea level. It is roughly 5 miles (8 km) long but is not much more than 0.5 miles (800 m) wide at its widest point. Although, the steepness of the terrain makes the actual square mileage much larger.

The Provin Mountain ridgeline extends from the Connecticut border (near the Suffield hamlet of Rising Corner) to the Westfield River on the tri-border of Westfield, West Springfield, and Agawam, Massachusetts. It lies within the towns of Southwick, Agawam, and Westfield. The Metacomet Ridge continues north from the Westfield River as East Mountain and continues south into Connecticut as West Suffield Mountain. The south side of the mountain drains into the Connecticut River, thence to Long Island Sound; the rest of the mountain drains into the Westfield River, thence to the Connecticut River.

The mountain hosts several underground reservoirs which augment the water supply of municipal Springfield.

## Broadcast transmission

Located at the summit of Provin Mountain is where the original studios and current transmitters for WWLP exist. WWLP first signed on from this location in March 1953. WWLP's studios remained there until 2000 when they were moved to Chicopee. The transmitter has remained there, as well as the current 475 foot (139 m) tower. WAQY, WHTX-LD, and WDMR-LD also maintain transmitters there. WUCS used to operate from this site as WPKX, prior to moving to Hartford in 2012. It is also home to numerous cellular, paging, and two-way radio users.

## Geology and ecology

Provin Mountain, like much of the Metacomet Ridge, is composed of basalt, also called traprock, a volcanic rock. The mountain formed near the end of the Triassic Period with the rifting apart of the North American continent from Africa and Eurasia. Lava welled up from the rift and solidified into sheets of strata hundreds of feet thick. Subsequent faulting and earthquake activity tilted the strata, creating the cliffs and ridgeline of Provin Mountain. Hot, dry upper slopes, cool, moist ravines, and mineral-rich ledges of basalt talus produce a combination of microclimate ecosystems on the mountain that support plant and animal species uncommon in greater Massachusetts. Provin Mountain is also an important raptor migration path. (See Metacomet Ridge for more information on the geology and ecosystem of Provin Mountain).

## Conservation and recreation

Provin Mountain is used for hiking, mountain biking, cross country skiing, hunting, and snowshoeing; many cliffs provide sweeping views of the rural countryside to the west and the urban landscape of metropolitan Springfield, Massachusetts to the east.

Threats to Provin Mountain and its unique habitats include suburban sprawl and quarrying. Although the northern edge of the mountain lies within Robinson State Park, much of the mountain is located on private land. Other landholders include local municipalities and conservation commissions. In 2000, Provin Mountain was included in a study by the National Park Service for the designation of a new National Scenic Trail now tentatively called the New England National Scenic Trail, which would include the Metacomet-Monadnock Trail in Massachusetts and the Mattabesett and Metacomet trails in Connecticut.

| ↓ South | North ↑ |
| --- | --- |
|  |  |
|

## Footnotes

## InfoBox

| Provin Mountain | |
| --- | --- |
| View from Provin Mountain | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 600 ft (180 m) |
| Coordinates | 42°06′20″N 72°41′42″W / 42.10556°N 72.69500°W / 42.10556; -72.69500 to<br>42°02′26″N 72°42′46″W / 42.04056°N 72.71278°W / 42.04056; -72.71278 |
| Geography | |
|  | |
| Location | Westfield, Southwick, and Agawam, Massachusetts |
| Parent range | Metacomet Ridge |
| Geology | |
| Age of rock | 200 Ma |
| Mountain type | Fault-block; igneous |
| Climbing | |
| Easiest route | Metacomet-Monadnock Trail |


abstract: United Nations Security Council resolution 800, adopted without a vote on 8 January 1993, after examining the application of the Slovak Republic for membership in the United Nations, the Council recommended to the General Assembly that Slovakia be admitted.

text:
# United Nations Security Council Resolution 800

**United Nations Security Council resolution 800**, adopted without a vote on 8 January 1993, after examining the application of the Slovak Republic for membership in the United Nations, the Council recommended to the General Assembly that Slovakia be admitted.

## InfoBox

| UN Security Council<br>Resolution 800 | |
| --- | --- |
| Location of Slovakia | |
| Date | 8 January 1993 |
| Meeting no. | 3,157 |
| Code | S/RES/800 (Document) |
| Subject | **Admission of new Members to the UN: Slovakia** |
| Result | Adopted |
| Security Council composition | |
| Permanent members |  |
| Non-permanent members |  |
|  | |


title: Puna

abstract: Puna may refer to:

text:
# Puna

**Puna** may refer to:

## Places

### Americas

* Puña, a town in the Department of Cajamarca of Peru
* Puna, Potosí, a village in Bolivia
* Puna, Hawaii, a district in the east-southeast portion of the Island of Hawaiʻi
* Puná Island, an island off the coast of southern Ecuador
    + Battle of Puná, a battle fought between Spanish conquistadors and Puná natives
* Altiplano or Puna, a region that covers part of Bolivia, Peru, and the northern end of Argentina and Chile
* Puna de Atacama, a plateau in the Andes

### Asia

## Other uses


title: Luis Jiménez (bishop)

abstract: Luis Jiménez (1586–1636) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Ugento (1627–1636).

text:
# Luis Jiménez (bishop)

**Luis Jiménez** (1586–1636) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Ugento (1627–1636).

## Biography

Luis Jiménez was born in Cuenca, Spain and ordained a priest in the Order of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mercy.

On 3 June 1627, he was selected (nominated) as Bishop of Ugento by King Philip IV of Spain, and, on 30 August 1627, confirmed by Pope Urban VIII. On 8 September 1627, he was consecrated bishop by Cosimo de Torres, Cardinal-Priest of San Pancrazio with Giuseppe Acquaviva, Titular Archbishop of *Thebae*, and Francesco Nappi (bishop), Bishop of Polignano, as co-consecrators. He served as Bishop of Ugento until his death in 1636.

## InfoBox

| Most Reverend
Luis Jiménez | |
| --- | --- |
| Bishop of Ugento | |
| Church | Catholic Church |
| Diocese | Diocese of Ugento |
| In office | 1627–1636 |
| Predecessor | Juan Bravo Lagunas |
| Successor | Girolamo Martini |
| Orders | |
| Consecration | 8 September 1627
by Cosimo de Torres |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1586
Cuenca, Spain |
| Died | 1636
Ugento, Italy |
| Nationality | Spanish |


title: Tigridia matudae

abstract: Tigridia matudae is a rare plant species known from only two locations in Mexico, in a small region along the boundary between the State of Mexico and Morelos. Both sites are at high elevations in the mountains, at altitudes of 2900–3000 m, in forests of Pinus and Abies. One is within Zempoala Lakes National Park. The species is a bulb-forming perennial up to 90 cm tall. Leaves are narrow and tapering. Flowers are pale lilac, up to 3 cm in diameter, blooming in August and September.

text:
# Tigridia matudae

***Tigridia matudae*** is a rare plant species known from only two locations in Mexico, in a small region along the boundary between the State of Mexico and Morelos. Both sites are at high elevations in the mountains, at altitudes of 2900–3000 m, in forests of *Pinus* and *Abies*. One is within Zempoala Lakes National Park. The species is a bulb-forming perennial up to 90 cm tall. Leaves are narrow and tapering. Flowers are pale lilac, up to 3 cm in diameter, blooming in August and September.

## InfoBox

| *Tigridia matudae* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Iridaceae |
| Genus: | *Tigridia* |
| Species: | ***T. matudae*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Tigridia matudae***<br>Molseed | |
|


title: Tsechen Monastery and Dzong

abstract: Tsechen Monastery was a Tibetan monastery located approximately 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) northwest of Gyantse. It was one of the largest of the fortified monasteries constructed in Tibet, and was located above a village also known as Tsechen. Constructed "on another precipitous hill about 600 feet high, about one mile long, and rising abruptly out of the plain", the monastery was similar to the Gyantse Dzong in terms of the strength of its fortifications. During the 1904 British expedition to Tibet by Colonel Francis Younghusband, the monastery was occupied by Tibetan troops, which used it to resist the expedition's advance. Younghusband's forces captured the monastery and sacked and burnt it; some of the hilltop walls are all that remain of the structure.

text:
# Tsechen Monastery and Dzong

**Tsechen Monastery** (also known as the **Tsechen Dzong** or the **Shambu Tsegu**) was a Tibetan monastery located approximately 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) northwest of Gyantse. It was one of the largest of the fortified monasteries constructed in Tibet, and was located above a village also known as Tsechen. Constructed "on another precipitous hill about 600 feet high, about one mile long, and rising abruptly out of the plain", the monastery was similar to the Gyantse Dzong in terms of the strength of its fortifications. During the 1904 British expedition to Tibet by Colonel Francis Younghusband, the monastery was occupied by Tibetan troops, which used it to resist the expedition's advance. Younghusband's forces captured the monastery and sacked and burnt it; some of the hilltop walls are all that remain of the structure.

## Early history

It was founded by Nyawon Kunga Pel (1285 - 1379) in 1366, under the sponsorship of Prince Phakpa Pelzangpo (1318-1370 CE), Gyantse's first prince. Nyawon Kunga Pel gave teachings to about 600 disciples in epistemology and the Kalachakra Tantra. He invited Drigung Lotsāwa Maṇikaśrījñāna (1289 - 1363) to Tsechen for teachings.

Tsechen was the seat of the kings of Gyantse until the town expanded in the 15th century. Tsongkapa's principal teacher, Remdawa Zhonu Lodro Zhonu (1349–1412), resided here. Jamyang Konchok Zangpo (1398 - 1475), the 14th Throne Holder of Jokhang Monastery, held the monastic seat at Tsechen for a time; Namkha Chokyong (1436 - 1507) the 14th Throne Holder of Jokhang Monastery, held the monastic seat at Tsechen for an extended period.

It was the seat of the incarnation of Buton Rinchendrub, known as Kungra Lodro.

## 20th century to present

In 1904, during the British expedition to Tibet, Brigadier-General James Macdonald arrived at Tsechen to oversee the expedition's progress towards Lhasa. After analysing the situation, Macdonald concluded that since Tsechen guarded the rear of the Gyantse Dzong and the road to Shigatse, it would have to be cleared of Tibetan troops before an assault could be carried out on the Gyantse Dzong. Shortly before sunset, British forces stormed the "seemingly impregnable" monastery, which was occupied by 1,200 Tibetan soldiers, and captured it; the assault had been preceded by a bombardment of the monastery using a BL 10-pounder mountain gun.

This was one of the major battles of the expedition, which aimed to reach Lhasa. The British victory "opened the road to Lhasa and effectively meant that all routes in and out of Gyantse were controlled by the British Tibet expedition". As the monastery had put up resistance it was considered "fair game" and sacked. Then, on 5 July, coinciding with the beginning of the assault on Gyantse Dzong, the monastery was set on fire, causing a "tremendous blaze" which burned throughout the night, to prevent it being reoccupied by Tibetan forces. One of the expedition's officers, Norman Rybot, noted on a drawing he made of the destroyed monastery: "Captured 28 June 04 Looted 29 June 04 Burnt 5 July 04." All that is left today are some of the walls on the hilltop. There are extensive views of the valley from the remains of the old walls.

## Footnotes

* Allen, Charles. (2004). *Duel in the Snows: The True Story of the Younghusband Mission to Lhasa*. John Murray (publishers), London. ISBN 0-7195-5427-6.
* Dorje, Gyurme (2009). *Footprint Tibet Handbook*. Footprint Publications. ISBN 978-1-906098-32-2.
* Mayhew, Bradley and Kohn, Michael (2005). *Tibet*. 6th Edition. Lonely Planet. ISBN 1-74059-523-8.

## InfoBox

| Tsechen Monastery | |
| --- | --- |
| Tibetan transcription(s)
Tibetan: བརྩེ་ཆེན་ཆོས་སྡེ
Chinese transcription(s)
Simplified: 紫金寺
Pinyin: zǐjīn sì | |
| Tsechen Monastery and Dzong in Gyantse, Tibet in 1904 | |
| Religion | |
| Affiliation | Tibetan Buddhism |
| Sect | Sakya |
| Deity | Buton Rinchenpa |
| Leadership | Kunga Lodru (incarnation of Buton Rinchenpa |
| Location | |
| Location | Tsang, Tibet, China |
| Country | China |
| Location within Tibet | |
| Geographic coordinates | 28°56′25″N 89°33′26″E / 28.9402°N 89.5572°E / 28.9402; 89.5572 |
| Architecture | |
| Founder | Prince Phakpa Pelzangpo (1318-1370) |


title: Watergate Theatre, London

abstract: The Watergate Theatre in London existed from 1949-56, located on Buckingham Street, Westminster. In 1949 Elizabeth Denby, together with the theatre director and playwright Velona Pilcher, the writer Elizabeth Sprigge, and Jane Drew converted a site at 29 Buckingham Gate, originally a Chinese restaurant destroyed in World War II during the Blitz, to create a performing space for their theatre club. They were inspired by the Gate Theatre which had been forced to close following bombardment of the premises nearby in Villiers Street in the 1940s. This new venture consisted of two club rooms, and a 70-seat theatre. In 1950 plans were made to increase the seating to 100, and for the walls to display murals designed by Marc Chagall. In 1950 Chagall started work on two studies for the projected murals – 'The Dance and the Circus' and 'The Blue Circus'. After Pilcher's death in 1952, Chagall gave his murals to the Tate Gallery, and the theatre was taken over by the New Watergate Theatre Club. In September 1950 it staged the premiere of George Bernard Shaw's Farfetched Fables, the last work Shaw completed, and it also staged the English premiere of August Strindberg's The Great Highway, in a translation by Sprigge. That year also saw the staging and almost runaway success of Pablo Picasso's short play, Desire caught by the Tail in the translation by Roland Penrose. In 1951 it presented a production of Shakespeare's The Comedy of Errors performed by the Cambridge University Amateur Dramatic Club and directed by John Barton. Several revues were staged at the Watergate Theatre, including Sandy Wilson's See You Later (1951) featuring Dulcie Gray and with Donald Swann playing the piano, and John Cranko's Cranks and setting by John Piper. Given notice that 29 Buckingham Gate was due to be demolished as part of the Strand Improvement Scheme, the New Watergate moved to the Comedy Theatre in Panton Street in 1956.

text:
# Watergate Theatre, London

The **Watergate Theatre** in London existed from 1949-56, located on Buckingham Street, Westminster.

In 1949 Elizabeth Denby, together with the theatre director and playwright Velona Pilcher, the writer Elizabeth Sprigge, and Jane Drew converted a site at 29 Buckingham Gate, originally a Chinese restaurant destroyed in World War II during the Blitz, to create a performing space for their theatre club. They were inspired by the Gate Theatre which had been forced to close following bombardment of the premises nearby in Villiers Street in the 1940s. This new venture consisted of two club rooms, and a 70-seat theatre. In 1950 plans were made to increase the seating to 100, and for the walls to display murals designed by Marc Chagall. In 1950 Chagall started work on two studies for the projected murals – 'The Dance and the Circus' and 'The Blue Circus'. After Pilcher's death in 1952, Chagall gave his murals to the Tate Gallery, and the theatre was taken over by the New Watergate Theatre Club.

In September 1950 it staged the premiere of George Bernard Shaw's *Farfetched Fables*, the last work Shaw completed, and it also staged the English premiere of August Strindberg's *The Great Highway*, in a translation by Sprigge. That year also saw the staging and almost runaway success of Pablo Picasso's short play, *Desire caught by the Tail* in the translation by Roland Penrose. In 1951 it presented a production of Shakespeare's *The Comedy of Errors* performed by the Cambridge University Amateur Dramatic Club and directed by John Barton.

Several revues were staged at the Watergate Theatre, including Sandy Wilson's *See You Later* (1951) featuring Dulcie Gray and with Donald Swann playing the piano, and John Cranko's *Cranks* (1955, featuring Anthony Newley and with music by John Addison) and setting by John Piper.

Given notice that 29 Buckingham Gate was due to be demolished as part of the Strand Improvement Scheme, the New Watergate moved to the Comedy Theatre in Panton Street in 1956.

51°30′30.25″N 0°7′24.27″W / 51.5084028°N 0.1234083°W / 51.5084028; -0.1234083


title: Flag of Riga

abstract: The flag of Riga is one of the official symbols of Riga, along with the coat of arms of Riga. The flag consists of a horizontal bicolour of blue and white, with the coat of arms of Riga in the middle.

text:
# Flag of Riga

The **flag of Riga** is one of the official symbols of Riga, along with the coat of arms of Riga. The flag consists of a horizontal bicolour of blue and white, with the coat of arms of Riga in the middle.

## Design

The regulation on the flag of Riga, standard of the City Council chairman (Mayor) of Riga, and the flagship pennant of Riga, on the Riga City Council Binding Regulations No.181, states that:

### Flag of Riga

1. The flag of Riga is divided into equal parts, with blue at the top and white at the bottom.
2. The color ratio of the flag is 1:1.
3. The ratio of the width and length of the flag is 1:2.
4. The greater coat of arms of Riga on the flag is placed in the middle of the flag and depicted on the obverse and reverse sides of the flag, which is 2/5 of the width of the flag
5. For example, if the flag's dimensions are 1 × 2 m and 1.5 × 3 m; the heights of the coats of arms are 40 cm and 60 cm respectively.

### Standard of the City Council chairman of Riga

1. The standard of the chairman of the Riga City Council is based on white fabric with 2 cm wide blue borders.
2. On both sides of the white square is the greater coat of arms of Riga.
3. The coat of arms on the standard is 2/5 of the total standard's height.
4. The standard dimensions are 30 cm long and 15 cm wide.

### Flagship pennant of Riga

1. The flagship of Riga city flag is a trapezoidal fabric ribbon corresponding to the colors and color proportions of the Riga city flag.

## Colours

The colours of the flag and the coat of arms are regulated in the Riga City Council Binding Regulations No.181.

### Flag

Blue
Pantone 285C
#0072ce

White
Pantone White C
#ffffff

### Coat of arms

Silver
Pantone 877C
#8a8d8f

Gold
Pantone 873C
#866d4b

Red
Pantone 186C
#c8102e

Gray
Pantone Cool Gray 6c
#A7A8AA

Black
Pantone Black
#000000

## Regulation on the flagpole

The flag base's color is white. The upper end of the flagpole is flat, rounded, several centimeters larger than the diameter of the stem. The upper end of the chest may also be a decorative tapered, spherical, elliptical tip or cap, in which two crossed keys are represented.

## Usage

The flag should be used free of charge by the person on the buildings in the administrative territory of Riga without the permission of the Symbolic Commission. The flag is permanently placed at the Riga City Council, the Riga City Municipality Administration and other buildings of the Riga City Municipality.

The flag is prohibited for use:

1. at buildings in an emergency condition;
2. at buildings for which the facade is being repaired;
3. in a damaged or faded condition.

The flag can be used for representational and decorative purposes, maintaining proportions of certain length, width and color. The flag is used on a flag-scale basis, meaning that the display of the flag should maintain the color and length-width ratio. It is forbidden to use the flag pennant of Riga on the facade of a building. Individuals and organizations who use the flag for commercial purposes must obtain from the Symbolic Commission a permission, as for the usage of other symbols of Riga.

## History

For the first time, the flag of Riga was mentioned in 1232 (in the book *Vexillum civitatis Rigensis*), but its color and form are not known. After Riga joining the Hanseatic League in 1282 sources mention that the flag of Riga ships has a white cross, but the shape and color of the flag are not indicated (in the beginning of the 14th century it was known that Riga had a black flag with a white cross). After 1582, the flag of Riga was white with a red coat of arms of the city, while in the middle 17th century, thanks to the city's heroism defending against Muscovite troops, the king of Sweden assigned his royal colors to Riga: a blue flag with a yellow cross, with in the center of the cross two keys were crossed on the red shield. The flag was used until 1860.

The blue-white flag of Riga, which was used today, was created in 1673, when it was approved in the statutes of Riga - blue and white bands in rectangular shape, with the coat of arms of Riga in the center. The flag was used along with the flag given by the Swedish king.

From the mid-1800s until 1917, a new tricolor flag with equal blue, red and white bands was approved for Riga. Some sources place its origin to the 1830s.

During the 1920s the blue-white flag of Riga was restored by 1935, and, with the addition of the coat of arms in the center, officially approved on 4 May 1937. It was flown until the Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940.

During the era of Soviet Latvia, after having no official city flag, the city authorities hurriedly adopted a red flag in 1970 after the city was awarded the Order of Lenin, with a different obverse and reverse side of the flag. The obverse side of the flag consisted of Lenin's portrait with a laurel branch and the inscription "Workers of the world, unite!" in Latvian. The reverse side of the flag consisted of the coat of arms of the Latvian SSR, and the inscription "Riga City" in both Latvian and Russian.

### Current flag

In 1988, during the Singing Revolution, academician Jānis Stradiņš led a campaign to return to the blue and white design. While the change was accepted on 5 August 1988, the then-communist-dominated city council with its chairman Alfrēds Rubiks in charge amended the coat of arms of the original flag, replacing the crown and cross in the shield with a five-pointed red star and the color of the crossed keys from black to gold. The shade of blue was also made lighter. The original blue-white flag of 1937 was ultimately restored by the city council as the current flag in 20 April 1990.

## InfoBox

City of Riga
|
|  |
|  | |
| Proportion | 1:2 |
| Adopted | 1673, readopted in 1937 and 1990, color regulated on July 3, 2012 |
| Design | A horizontal bicolour of blue and white, with the coat of arms of Riga in the middle. |
|  | |
|
|  | |
| Use | Standard of the City Council Chairman |
| Adopted | 1995, color regulated on July 3, 2012 |
|  | |
|
|  | |
| Use | Flagship pennant |
| Adopted | 1995, color regulated on July 3, 2012 |
|  | |


title: Protoanemonin

abstract: Protoanemonin is a toxin found in all plants of the buttercup family (Ranunculaceae). When the plant is wounded or macerated, the unstable glucoside found in the plant, ranunculin, is enzymatically broken down into glucose and the toxic protoanemonin. It is the lactone of 4-hydroxy-2,4-pentadienoic acid. Contact with a wounded plant causes itch, rashes or blistering on contact with the skin or mucosa. Ingesting the toxin can cause nausea, vomiting, dizziness, spasms, acute hepatitis, jaundice, or paralysis. When drying the plant, protoanemonin comes into contact with air and dimerizes to anemonin, which is further hydrolyzed to a non-toxic dicarboxylic acid.

text:
# Protoanemonin

**Protoanemonin** (sometimes called **anemonol** or **ranunculol**) is a toxin found in all plants of the buttercup family (Ranunculaceae). When the plant is wounded or macerated, the unstable glucoside found in the plant, ranunculin, is enzymatically broken down into glucose and the toxic protoanemonin. It is the lactone of 4-hydroxy-2,4-pentadienoic acid.

Contact with a wounded plant causes itch, rashes or blistering on contact with the skin or mucosa. Ingesting the toxin can cause nausea, vomiting, dizziness, spasms, acute hepatitis, jaundice, or paralysis.

When drying the plant, protoanemonin comes into contact with air and dimerizes to anemonin, which is further hydrolyzed to a non-toxic dicarboxylic acid.

## Biological pathway

|  | ranunculin |
| --- | --- |
| ↓ – glucose | (maceration, enzymatically) |
|  | protoanemonin |
| dimerization | (air or water contact) |
|  | anemonin |
| hydrolyzation |
|  | 4,7-dioxo-2-decenedioic acid |

## InfoBox

Protoanemonin
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Names | |
| Preferred IUPAC name 5-Methylidenefuran-2(5*H*)-one | |
| Other names 4-Methylenebut-2-en-4-olide | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number |  |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| ChemSpider |  |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.003.244 |
| PubChem CID |  |
| UNII |  |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |  |
| InChI * InChI=1S/C5H4O2/c1-4-2-3-5(6)7-4/h2-3H,1H2 YKey: RNYZJZKPGHQTJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y * InChI=1/C5H4O2/c1-4-2-3-5(6)7-4/h2-3H,1H2Key: RNYZJZKPGHQTJR-UHFFFAOYAD | |
| SMILES * C=C1C=CC(=O)O1 | |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C5H4O2 |
| Molar mass | 96.08 g/mol |
| Appearance | Pale yellow oil |
| Boiling point | 73 °C (163 °F; 346 K) |
| Hazards | |
| **Lethal dose** or concentration (LD, LC): | |
| LD50 (median dose) | 190 mg·kg−1 (mouse) |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C \[77 °F\], 100 kPa). Y verify (what is YN ?)  Infobox references | |


abstract: United Nations Security Council resolution 801, adopted without a vote on 8 January 1993, after examining the application of the Czech Republic for membership in the United Nations, the Council recommended to the General Assembly that the Czech Republic be admitted.

text:
# United Nations Security Council Resolution 801

**United Nations Security Council resolution 801**, adopted without a vote on 8 January 1993, after examining the application of the Czech Republic for membership in the United Nations, the Council recommended to the General Assembly that the Czech Republic be admitted.

## InfoBox

| UN Security Council<br>Resolution 801 | |
| --- | --- |
| Location of the Czech Republic | |
| Date | 8 January 1993 |
| Meeting no. | 3,158 |
| Code | S/RES/801 (Document) |
| Subject | **Admission of new Members to the UN: Czech Republic** |
| Result | Adopted |
| Security Council composition | |
| Permanent members |  |
| Non-permanent members |  |
|  | |


title: Pulliman (1972 film)

abstract: Pullimaan is a 1972 Indian Malayalam-language film, directed by E. N. Balakrishnan and produced by Ponnappan. The film stars Madhu, Devika, Vijayanirmala and Alummoodan. It is based on the short story of the same name by S. K. Pottakkad.

text:
# Pulliman (1972 film)

***Pullimaan*** is a 1972 Indian Malayalam-language film, directed by E. N. Balakrishnan and produced by Ponnappan. The film stars Madhu, Devika, Vijayanirmala and Alummoodan. It is based on the short story of the same name by S. K. Pottakkad.

## Plot

## Cast

## Soundtrack

The music was composed by M. S. Baburaj with lyrics by Sreekumaran Thampi.

| Song | Singers |
| --- | --- |
| "Aayiram Varnangal" | S. Janaki |
| "Chandrabimbam" | K. J. Yesudas |
| "Kaaveri Kaaveri" | K. J. Yesudas |
| "Vaidoorya Rathnamaalachaarthi" | S. Janaki |
| "Veerajavaanmaar" | P. Susheela |

## InfoBox

| Pullimaan | |
| --- | --- |
| Poster | |
| Directed by | E. N. Balakrishnan |
| Screenplay by | Thikkodiyan |
| Story by | S. K. Pottakkad |
| Produced by | Ponnappan |
| Starring | Madhu
Devika
Vijayanirmala
Alummoodan |
| Cinematography | E. N. Balakrishnan |
| Edited by | M. S. Mani
Vaira Moorthi |
| Music by | M. S. Baburaj |
| Production
company | Deepthi Films |
| Release date | * 12 May 1972 (1972-05-12) |
| Country | India |
| Language | Malayalam |


title: Michael Peter MacMahon

abstract: Michael Peter MacMahon O.P.(1720–20 February 1807) was a Dominican friar and prelate of the Roman Catholic Church born in Limerick, Ireland. He served as Bishop of Killaloe approximately for 42.5 years from 1765 till when he died aged 87 in 1807. He was appointed Bishop on 5 June 1765 and was consecrated on 4 August later that year. He is one of the longest serving bishop in the history of Diocese of Killaloe. Penal laws were relaxed during his episcopate and made life easier for Catholics. The pectoral cross worn by him is still worn by the Bishop Kieran O'Reilly of the Diocese.

text:
# Michael Peter MacMahon

**Michael Peter MacMahon** O.P.(1720–20 February 1807) was a Dominican friar and prelate of the Roman Catholic Church born in Limerick, Ireland. He served as Bishop of Killaloe approximately for 42.5 years from 1765 till when he died aged 87 in 1807. He was appointed Bishop on 5 June 1765 and was consecrated on 4 August later that year.

He is one of the longest serving bishop in the history of Diocese of Killaloe. Penal laws were relaxed during his episcopate and made life easier for Catholics. The pectoral cross worn by him is still worn by the Bishop Kieran O'Reilly of the Diocese.

*
* *History of the Irish Hierarchy: With the Monasteries of Each County* by Thom Walsh p. 225
* *Limerick; Its History and Antiquities, Ecclesiastical, Civil, and Military .* by Maurice Lenihan Google books
*
*

## InfoBox

| The Most Reverend

Michael Peter MacMahon | |
| --- | --- |
| Bishop of Killaloe | |
| Archdiocese | Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cashel and Emly |
| Diocese | Roman Catholic Diocese of Killaloe |
| Appointed | 4 August 1765 |
| Term ended | 16 October 1798 |
| Predecessor | William O'Meara |
| Successor | James O'Shaughnessy |
| Orders | |
| Consecration | 4 August 1765
by Archbishop James Butler |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Michael Peter MacMahon
1720
Limerick |
| Died | 20 February 1807 (age 87) |
| Nationality | Irish |
| Denomination | Roman Catholic |


abstract: The 1990 United States Shadow Senator election in the District of Columbia took place on November 6, 1990, to elect two shadow members to the United States Senate to represent the District of Columbia. The members were only recognized by the District of Columbia and not officially sworn or seated by the United States Senate. In this election candidates for both seats ran in the same general election, and the top two candidates by popular vote became the Shadow Senators for the District of Columbia. Democrats Jesse Jackson and Florence Pendleton would be elected to become the first senators of the District of Columbia, Jackson became the Class 2 senator while Pendleton became the Class 1 senator.

text:
# 1990 United States Shadow Senator election in the District of Columbia

The **1990 United States Shadow Senator election in the District of Columbia** took place on November 6, 1990, to elect two shadow members to the United States Senate to represent the District of Columbia. The members were only recognized by the District of Columbia and not officially sworn or seated by the United States Senate.

In this election candidates for both seats ran in the same general election (with two candidates advancing from any party primary), and the top two candidates by popular vote became the Shadow Senators for the District of Columbia. Democrats Jesse Jackson and Florence Pendleton would be elected to become the first senators of the District of Columbia, Jackson became the Class 2 senator while Pendleton became the Class 1 senator.

## Primary elections

Party primaries took place on September 11, 1990.

### Democratic primary

#### Candidates

#### Results

1990 Shadow Senator democratic primary in Washington, D.C.
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **Jesse Jackson** | **85,454** | **57.03** |
|  | **Democratic** | **Florence Pendleton** | **25,349** | **16.92** |
|  | Democratic | Harry "Tommy" Thomas, Jr. | 22,401 | 14.95 |
|  | Democratic | James Forman | 9,899 | 6.61 |
|  | Democratic | Marc Humphries | 6,739 | 4.50 |
| Total votes | | | **149,842** | **100.00** |

## General election

Jackson and Pendleton faced Republicans Milton Francis and Joan Gillison as well as several independents and members of minor parties. Both Democrats were elected as senators for the district because they received more votes than any other candidates

### Candidates

### Results

1990 Shadow Senator election in Washington, D.C.
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **Jesse Jackson** | **105,633** | **46.80** |
|  | **Democratic** | **Florence Pendleton** | **58,451** | **25.89** |
|  | Independent | Harry T. Alexander | 13,983 | 6.19 |
|  | Republican | Milton Francis | 13,538 | 6.00 |
|  | Republican | Joan Gillison | 12,845 | 5.69 |
|  | DC Statehood Green | Keith M. Wilkerson | 4,545 | 2.01 |
|  | DC Statehood Green | Anthony W. Peacock | 4,285 | 1.90 |
|  | Independent | John West | 3,621 | 1.60 |
|  | Independent | David L. Whitehead | 3,341 | 1.48 |
|  | Socialist Workers | Sam Manuel | 2,765 | 1.23 |
|  | Independent | Lee Black | 2,728 | 1.21 |
| Total votes | | | **215,735** | **100.00** |
|  | Democratic **win** (new seat) | | | | |

## InfoBox

1990 United States Shadow Senator election in the District of Columbia
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Candidate **Jesse Jackson** **Florence Pendleton** Harry T. Alexander  Party Democratic Democratic Independent  Popular vote **105,633** **58,451** 13,983  Percentage **46.8%** **25.9%** 6.2%   ---  Candidate Milton Francis Joan Gillison  Party Republican Republican  Popular vote 13,538 12,845  Percentage 6.0% 5.7% | |
| ---  **Elected Shadow Senators**
Jesse Jackson
Florence Pendleton
Democratic | |


title: Luocuo Church

abstract: The Luocuo Church is a church in Puxin Township, Changhua County, Taiwan.

text:
# Luocuo Church

The **Luocuo Church** (traditional Chinese: 羅厝天主教堂; simplified Chinese: 罗厝天主教堂; pinyin: *Luócuò Tiānzhǔ Jiàotáng*) is a church in Puxin Township, Changhua County, Taiwan.

## History

The church was originally established in 1875 when a local resident invited Father Vinte Gomar of the Dominican Order to come to Puxin. Father Gomar then bought the land for 100 dollars in 1877. In 1882, Father Celedonio Arranz took over the work and built the first church structure. In 1906, an earthquake devastated Central Taiwan and destroyed the church structure. In 1912, Father Manuel Prat built the second church structure. In 1975, the old structure was torn down and rebuilt into the third generation structure. The construction was completed in 1996. The church was designated as historical structure on 10 April 2002.

## Architecture

The church is situated in a complex which consists of the church itself, artifact display room, dormitory, office building and a stone plaque. The current church structure is a red brick southern Fujian style architecture, which includes its rooms, doors, windows and walls. It combines Byzantine, Renaissance and Romanesque architectural elements. The façade of the artifact display room is filled with red brick walls and raised brick door. The building displays documents and artifacts, such as the first Latin alphabet printing press in Taiwan, an old church bell and Chinese hymns.

## InfoBox

| Luocuo Church | |
| --- | --- |
| 羅厝天主教堂 | |
|  | |
|  | |
| 23°56′16.1″N 120°30′48.9″E / 23.937806°N 120.513583°E / 23.937806; 120.513583 | |
| Location | Puxin, Changhua County, Taiwan |
| Architecture | |
| Architectural type | church |
| Completed | 1875 |
| Specifications | |
| Capacity | 200 worshipers |


title: Tshobdun language

abstract: Tshobdun is a Rgyalrong language spoken in Sichuan, China. It is surrounded by the Zbu, Japhug, and Amdo Tibetan languages.

text:
# Tshobdun language

**Tshobdun** (Chinese: 草登话; pinyin: *Cǎodēnghuà*) is a Rgyalrong language spoken in Sichuan, China. It is surrounded by the Zbu, Japhug, and Amdo Tibetan languages.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Tshobdun | |
| --- | --- |
| Native to | China |
| Region | Sichuan |
| Language family | Sino-Tibetan |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | (included in Jiarong \[jya\]) |
| *Glottolog* | `tsho1240` |


title: Tilly Decker

abstract: Tilly Decker is a Luxembourgian sprinter. She competed in the women's 100 metres at the 1948 Summer Olympics.

text:
# Tilly Decker

**Tilly Decker** (born 10 January 1930) is a Luxembourgian sprinter. She competed in the women's 100 metres at the 1948 Summer Olympics.

## InfoBox

Tilly Decker
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Birth name | Mathilde Decker |
| Nationality | Luxembourgian |
| Born | (1930-01-10)10 January 1930<br>Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Sprinting |
| Event | 100 metres |


title: Wat Chedi Yot Thong

abstract: Wat Chedi Yot Thong is a historical Buddhist temple in Phitsanulok, Thailand.

text:
# Wat Chedi Yot Thong

**Wat Chedi Yot Thong** is a historical Buddhist temple in Phitsanulok, Thailand.

## History

Wat Chedi Yot Thong was constructed during the Sukhothai era.

## Features

The temple is famous for its Sukhothai-style bud shaped chedi. This chedi is the only remaining one of this style in Phitsanulok Province. On the campus, there is a complex of monk houses, facing a small lake, and there is a small, modern temple structure nearby.

1. Radlhammer, Udo (2003). "Wat Cedi Yod Thong". *Chimburi: Temples of Thailand - a photographic journey*. Archived from the original on 16 May 2008.

16°49′28″N 100°16′07″E / 16.82444°N 100.26861°E / 16.82444; 100.26861


title: Paul Ferris (footballer)

abstract: Paul Ferris is a Northern Irish former footballer, physiotherapist for Newcastle United, barrister and author.

text:
# Paul Ferris (footballer)

**Paul Ferris** (born 10 July 1965) is a Northern Irish former footballer, physiotherapist for Newcastle United, barrister and author.

## Biography

Ferris was born in Lisburn, Northern Ireland. In 1981, he signed for Newcastle United from Lisburn Youth in Northern Ireland and became the club's youngest ever debutant when he appeared aged just 16 years and 294 days. He scored his only senior goal against Bradford City in 1984. A medial ligament injury meant he played just 14 matches and moved to Barrow F.C., with whom he won the FA Trophy at Wembley before moving into local non-league football with Gateshead.

In 1993, he returned as physio under Kevin Keegan. He remained there until 2006, during which time he gained a master's degree in History of Ideas. He also studied law before leaving to pursue a career as a barrister and was called to the bar at the Middle Temple in 2007. He returned to the club in April 2009 as part of Alan Shearer's management team.

He wrote his first novel *An Irish Heartbeat* in 2011. He formed a health and fitness company (Speedflex) with Graham Wylie and Alan Shearer, with Ferris as Chief Executive.

He suffered a heart attack in 2013. He wrote his memoir *The Boy On The Shed*, which went on to be a highly acclaimed, multi-award-winning bestselling book (British Sports Book Awards - Autobiography of the Year / Sunday Times Sports Book of the Year / Times Sports Book of the Year / Daily Telegraph Football Book of the Year / Shortlisted for William Hill Sports Book of the Year). He was diagnosed with prostate cancer in 2016 and recovered following treatment.

He lives in Northumberland, England, with his wife Geraldine and has three boys and a granddaughter. He continues to write and has given several well received talks on his life story to date.

## InfoBox

Paul Ferris
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1965-07-10) 10 July 1965 | | |
| Place of birth | Lisburn, Northern Ireland | | |
| Height | 5 ft 8 in (1.73 m) | | |
| Position(s) | Midfielder | | |
| Youth career | | | |
|  | Lisburn Youth | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1981–1985 | Newcastle United | 14 | (1) |
|  | Gateshead |  |  |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Protoazin

abstract: Protoazin is an extinct genus of early hoatzin from late Eocene deposits of France.

text:
# Protoazin

***Protoazin*** is an extinct genus of early hoatzin from late Eocene (about 36 mya) deposits of France.

## InfoBox

| *Protoazin*
Temporal range: Late Eocene | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Opisthocomiformes |
| Family: | Opisthocomidae |
| Genus: | *Protoazin*
Mayr & De Pietri 2014 |
| Species: | ***P. parisiensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Protoazin parisiensis***
Mayr & De Pietri, 2014 | |
|


abstract: The United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2065 was a non-binding resolution adopted on 16 December 1965 that recognized the existence of a sovereignty dispute between the United Kingdom and Argentina over the Falkland Islands. The resolution invites the parties to find a peaceful solution to the dispute.

text:
# United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2065 (XX)

The **United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2065** was a non-binding resolution adopted on 16 December 1965 that recognized the existence of a sovereignty dispute between the United Kingdom and Argentina over the Falkland Islands. The resolution invites the parties to find a peaceful solution to the dispute.

## InfoBox

| UN General Assembly<br>Resolution 2065 | |
| --- | --- |
| Date | 16 December 1965 |
| Meeting no. | 1398 |
| Code | 2065 (XX) (Document) |
| Subject | **Falkland Islands sovereignty dispute** |
| Voting summary | * **94 voted for** * **None voted against** * **14 abstained** |
| Result | Adopted |


title: Luocheng Mulao Autonomous County

abstract: Luocheng Mulao Autonomous County is an ethnic Mulao county of northern Guangxi, China. It is under the administration of Hechi City. It is the only Mulao autonomous county in China.

text:
# Luocheng Mulao Autonomous County

**Luocheng Mulao Autonomous County** (Zhuang: *Lozcwngz Bouxmohlaujcuz Swci Yen*, simplified Chinese: 罗城仫佬族自治县; traditional Chinese: 羅城仫佬族自治縣; pinyin: *Luóchéng Mùlǎozú Zìzhìxiàn*) is an ethnic Mulao county of northern Guangxi, China. It is under the administration of Hechi City. It is the only Mulao autonomous county in China.

## Administrative divisions

There are 7 towns and 4 townships in the county:

## Languages

The Mulao language (or Mulam) is spoken by the Mulao people of Luocheng County.

At least seven varieties of Chinese are spoken in Luocheng County (Edmondson 1992:137).

* **Putonghua** is the national language of China.
* **Gui-Liu Hua** is a local Pinghua variety spoken in Guilin and Liuzhou. It was spoken by government officials formerly sent to administer the region, and also used to be spoken in the provincial court.
* **Tuguai Hua** is the local Southwestern Mandarin vernacular spoken in Luocheng, Rongshui, and other nearby counties.
* **Magai** is a Cantonese variety introduced by migrating merchants from Guangdong.
* **Ngai** is a form of Southern Chinese with seven tones. It is spoken by 20,000 Han peasant agriculturalists.
* **Yangsan** is an archaic form of Chinese now spoken by only 300 people. It retains voiced stops and ten tones.
* **Southern Min** was introduced by recent migrants from Fujian.

## Climate

| Climate data for Luocheng, elevation 363 m (1,191 ft), (1991–2020 normals) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 12.6
(54.7) | 15.0
(59.0) | 18.1
(64.6) | 23.8
(74.8) | 27.8
(82.0) | 29.9
(85.8) | 31.7
(89.1) | 32.1
(89.8) | 30.2
(86.4) | 26.1
(79.0) | 21.3
(70.3) | 15.7
(60.3) | 23.7
(74.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 9.1
(48.4) | 11.4
(52.5) | 14.5
(58.1) | 19.8
(67.6) | 23.6
(74.5) | 25.9
(78.6) | 27.2
(81.0) | 27.2
(81.0) | 25.2
(77.4) | 21.1
(70.0) | 16.2
(61.2) | 11.2
(52.2) | 19.4
(66.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 6.6
(43.9) | 8.8
(47.8) | 12.0
(53.6) | 16.9
(62.4) | 20.5
(68.9) | 23.2
(73.8) | 24.1
(75.4) | 23.8
(74.8) | 21.5
(70.7) | 17.5
(63.5) | 12.8
(55.0) | 8.1
(46.6) | 16.3
(61.4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 53.7
(2.11) | 51.2
(2.02) | 92.7
(3.65) | 131.4
(5.17) | 242.2
(9.54) | 366.5
(14.43) | 251.6
(9.91) | 161.6
(6.36) | 88.9
(3.50) | 62.5
(2.46) | 59.4
(2.34) | 43.7
(1.72) | 1,605.4
(63.21) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 13.8 | 12.5 | 18.4 | 16.7 | 17.0 | 19.2 | 17.1 | 14.2 | 8.7 | 8.2 | 9.4 | 9.2 | 164.4 |
| Average snowy days | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 | 0.9 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 77 | 78 | 82 | 81 | 81 | 84 | 82 | 80 | 76 | 73 | 74 | 72 | 78 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 48.0 | 43.6 | 46.6 | 66.9 | 96.4 | 93.3 | 151.8 | 174.3 | 162.8 | 136.7 | 112.1 | 94.9 | 1,227.4 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 14 | 14 | 12 | 17 | 23 | 23 | 36 | 44 | 45 | 39 | 35 | 29 | 28 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

* Edmondson, Jerold A. 1992. "Fusion and diffusion in E, Guangxi Province, China". T. Dutton et al. (eds.) *The language game: papers in memory of Donald C. Laycock* (Pacific Linguistic Series, C-110). Department of Linguistics, Australian National University, Canberra, 135–144.

## InfoBox

| Luocheng County 罗城县 · *Lozcwngz Swciyen* | |
| --- | --- |
| County | |
| 罗城仫佬族自治县
*Lozcwngz Mulaujcuz Swciyen*
Luocheng Mulao Autonomous County | |
| LuochengLocation of the seat in Guangxi | |
| Coordinates: 24°47′N 108°54′E / 24.783°N 108.900°E / 24.783; 108.900 | |
| Country | China |
| Region | Guangxi |
| Prefecture-level city | Hechi |
| Township-level divisions | 7 towns
4 townships |
| County seat | Dongmen (东门镇) |
| Area | |
| Total | 2,658 km2 (1,026 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 339 m (1,112 ft) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 272,672 |
| Density | 100/km2 (270/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |


title: Luke Reeves

abstract: Luke Reeves is an Australian born English cricketer. Reeves is a right-handed batsman who plays primarily as a wicketkeeper. He was born at Adelaide, South Australia. Reeves played for the Leicestershire Cricket Board in three List A matches. These came against the Durham Cricket Board in the 2000 NatWest Trophy, the Warwickshire Cricket Board in the 2001 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy and the Northamptonshire Cricket Board in the 1st round of the 2002 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy which were played in 2001. In his three List A matches, he scored 6 runs at a batting average of 3.00, with a high score of 5. In the field he took a single catch. Reeves did not keep wicket in any of these matches. He currently plays club cricket for Ashford Town Cricket Club in the Kent Cricket League.

text:
# Luke Reeves

**Luke Reeves** (born 2 May 1980) is an Australian born English cricketer. Reeves is a right-handed batsman who plays primarily as a wicketkeeper. He was born at Adelaide, South Australia.

Reeves played for the Leicestershire Cricket Board in three List A matches. These came against the Durham Cricket Board in the 2000 NatWest Trophy, the Warwickshire Cricket Board in the 2001 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy and the Northamptonshire Cricket Board in the 1st round of the 2002 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy which were played in 2001.

In his three List A matches, he scored 6 runs at a batting average of 3.00, with a high score of 5. In the field he took a single catch. Reeves did not keep wicket in any of these matches.

He currently plays club cricket for Ashford Town Cricket Club in the Kent Cricket League.

## InfoBox

Luke Reeves
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Luke Reeves |
| Born | (1980-05-02) 2 May 1980<br>Adelaide, South Australia |
| Batting | Right-handed |
| Role | Wicketkeeper |
| Domestic team information | |
| Years | Team |
| 2000–2001 | Leicestershire Cricket Board |
|  | |
| Career statistics | |
| Competition LA  Matches 3  Runs scored 6  Batting average 3.00  100s/50s 0/0  Top score 5  Catches/stumpings 1/– | |
|  | |
| Source: Cricinfo, 17 November 2010 | |


title: Tilly-sur-Seulles

abstract: Tilly-sur-Seulles is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France.

text:
# Tilly-sur-Seulles

**Tilly-sur-Seulles** (French pronunciation: \[tiji syʁ sœl\] , literally *Tilly on Seulles*) is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France.

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1962 | 874 |  |
| 1968 | 973 | +11.3% |
| 1975 | 1,064 | +9.4% |
| 1982 | 1,092 | +2.6% |
| 1990 | 1,252 | +14.7% |
| 1999 | 1,251 | −0.1% |
| 2008 | 1,448 | +15.7% |

## Events

Each year, the international motocross takes place.

## InfoBox

| Tilly-sur-Seulles | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| The church in Tilly-sur-Seulles | |
|  | |
| Location of Tilly-sur-Seulles | |
| Tilly-sur-SeullesTilly-sur-Seulles | |
| Coordinates: 49°10′34″N 0°37′31″W / 49.1761°N 0.6253°W / 49.1761; -0.6253 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Normandy |
| Department | Calvados |
| Arrondissement | Bayeux |
| Canton | Thue et Mue |
| Intercommunality | Seulles Terre et Mer |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Didier Couillard |
| Area**1** | 8.98 km2 (3.47 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 1,786 |
| Density | 200/km2 (520/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 14692 /14250 |
| Elevation | 44–122 m (144–400 ft)
(avg. 75 m or 246 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


abstract: Ward No. 91, Kolkata Municipal Corporation is an administrative division of Kolkata Municipal Corporation in Borough No. 10, covering parts of Kasba (Rathtala-Bosepukur) and Dhakuria neighbourhoods in South Kolkata, in the Indian state of West Bengal.

text:
# Ward No. 91, Kolkata Municipal Corporation

**Ward No. 91, Kolkata Municipal Corporation** is an administrative division of Kolkata Municipal Corporation in Borough No. 10, covering parts of Kasba (Rathtala-Bosepukur) and Dhakuria (Kalupara-Kamala Park) neighbourhoods in South Kolkata, in the Indian state of West Bengal.

## History

Attempts were made to establish a municipal corporation at Kolkata from the middle of the 19th century. The electoral system was introduced for the first time in 1847, and 4 of the 7 board members were elected by the rate payers. In 1852 the board was replaced by a new one and in 1863 a new body was formed. As per old records, in 1872 there were 25 wards in Kolkata (spellings as in use at that time) – 1. Shyampukur, 2. Kumartuli, 3. Bartala, 4. Sukea Street, 5. Jorabagan, 6. Jorasanko, 7. Barabazar, 8. Kolutola, 9. Muchipara, 10. Boubazar, 11. Padmapukur, 12. Waterloo Street, 13. Fenwick Bazar, 14. Taltala, 15. Kalinga, 16. Park Street, 17. Victoria Terrace, 18. Hastings, 19. Entali, 20. Beniapukur, 21. Baliganj-Tollyganj, 22. Bhabanipur, 23. Alipur, 24.Ekbalpur and 25. Watganj. A new municipal corporation was created in 1876, wherein 48 commissioners were elected and 24 were appointed by the government. With the implementation of the Municipal Consolidation Act of 1888 the area under the jurisdiction of the municipal corporation was enlarged. Certain areas were already there but more parts of them were added (current spellings) - Entally, Manicktala, Beliaghata, Ultadanga, Chitpur, Cossipore, Beniapukur, Ballygunge, Watganj and Ekbalpur, and Garden Reach and Tollygunj. The Calcutta Municipal Act of 1923 brought about important changes. It liberalised the constitution along democratic lines.

The state government superseded the Corporation in 1948 and the Calcutta Municipal Act of 1951 came into force. Adult franchise was introduced in municipal elections in 1962. With the addition of certain areas in the southern parts of the city, the number of wards increased from 75 to 144.

## Geography

Ward No. 91 is bordered on the north by Rajkrishna Chatterjee Road and Banku Behari Chatterjee Road; on the east by Kasba Road and Rajdanga Road; on the south by Sarat Ghosh Garden Road; and on the west by the Sealdah South Lines of Eastern Railway.

The ward is served by Kasba police station of Kolkata Police.

Patuli Women police station has jurisdiction over all police districts under the jurisdiction of South Suburban Division i.e. Netaji Nagar, Jadavpur, Kasba, Regent Park, Bansdroni, Garfa and Patuli.

## Demographics

As per the 2011 Census of India, Ward No. 91, Kolkata Municipal Corporation, had a total population of 38,450, of which 18,967 (49%) were males and 19,483 (51%) were females. Population below 6 years was 2,167. The total number of literates in Ward No. 91 was 32,861 (90.57% of the population over 6 years).

Kolkata is the second most literate district in West Bengal. The literacy rate of Kolkata district has increased from 53.0% in 1951 to 86.3% in the 2011 census.

See also – List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate

| Literacy in KMC wards
 |
| --- |
| North Kolkata |
| Ward No. 1 – 86.12% |
| Ward No. 2 – 94.24% |
| Ward No. 3 – 86.74% |
| Ward No. 4 – 89.27% |
| Ward No. 5 – 90.32% |
| Ward No. 6 – 81.12% |
| Ward No. 7 – 87.65% |
| Ward No. 8 – 93.57% |
| Ward No. 9 – 91.60% |
| Ward No. 10 – 92.38% |
| Ward No. 11 – 87.96% |
| Ward No. 12 – 84.95% |
| Ward No. 13 – 83.39% |
| Ward No. 14 – 87.87% |
| Ward No. 15 – 88.89% |
| Ward No. 16 – 88.62% |
| Ward No. 17 – 92.30% |
| Ward No. 18 – 78.72% |
| Ward No. 19 – 89.29% |
| Ward No. 20 – 85.93% |
| Ward No. 21 – 78.12% |
| Ward No. 22 – 85.07% |
| Ward No. 23 – 71.14% |
| Ward No. 24 – 73.16% |
| Ward No. 25 – 85.49% |
| Ward No. 26 – 82.34% |
| Ward No. 27 – 88.19% |
| Ward No. 28 – 79.39% |
| Ward No. 29 – 70.69% |
| Ward No. 30 – 88.71% |
| Ward No. 31 – 88.28% |
| Ward No. 32 – 75.73% |
| Ward No. 33 – 91.17% |
| Central Kolkata |
| Ward No. 34 – 92.79% |
| Ward No. 35 – 91.44% |
| Ward No. 36 – 66.34% |
| Ward No. 37 – 79.12% |
| Ward No. 38 – 85.77% |
| Ward No. 39 – 73.27% |
| Ward No. 40 – 88.14% |
| Ward No. 41 – 83.53% |
| Ward No. 42 – 75.02% |
| Ward No. 43 – 79.52% |
| Ward No. 44 – 79.09% |
| Ward No. 45 – 74.69% |
| Ward No. 46 – 85.38% |
| Ward No. 47 – 87.87% |
| Ward No. 48 – 82.04% |
| Ward No. 49 – 65.51% |
| Ward No. 50 – 88.70% |
| Ward No. 51 – 93.01% |
| Ward No. 52 – 86.18% |
| Ward No. 53 – 89.49% |
| Ward No. 54 – 82.10% |
| Ward No. 55 – 84.84% |
| Ward No. 56 – 85.53% |
| Ward No. 57 – 80.20% |
| Ward No. 58 – 74.35% |
| Ward No. 59 – 80.39% |
| Ward No. 60 – 74.04% |
| Ward No. 61 – 80.54% |
| Ward No. 62 – 86.04% |
| Ward No. 63 – 84.39% |
| Ward No. 64 – 85.21% |
| Ward No. 65 – 81.60% |
| South Kolkata |
| Ward No. 66 – 80.95% |
| Ward No. 67 – 89.52% |
| Ward No. 68 – 90.86% |
| Ward No. 69 – 86.07% |
| Ward No. 70 – 94.20% |
| Ward No. 71 – 92.01% |
| Ward No. 72 – 90.06% |
| Ward No. 73 – 89.28% |
| Ward No. 74 – 84.56% |
| Ward No. 75 – 80.27% |
| Ward No. 76 – 88.40% |
| Ward No. 77 – 83.84% |
| Ward No. 78 – 83.00% |
| Ward No. 79 – 81.96% |
| Ward No. 80 – 71.89% |
| Ward No. 81 – 85.14% |
| Ward No. 82 – 84.82% |
| Ward No. 83 – 85.63% |
| Ward No. 84 – 85.71% |
| Ward No. 85 – 88.19% |
| Ward No. 86 – 89.61% |
| Ward No. 87 – 90.26% |
| Ward No. 88 – 85.09% |
| Ward No. 89 – 92.40% |
| Ward No. 90 – 84.60% |
| Ward No. 91 – 90.57% |
| Ward No. 92 – 93.53% |
| Ward No. 93 – 91.30% |
| Ward No. 94 – 89.11% |
| Ward No. 95 – 95.61% |
| Ward No. 96 – 96.57% |
| Ward No. 97 – 94.60% |
| Ward No. 98 – 96.24% |
| Ward No. 99 – 95.79% |
| Ward No. 100 – 95.98% |
| Ward No. 101 – 95.36% |
| Ward No. 102 – 93.53% |
| Ward No. 103 – 94.77% |
| Ward No. 104 – 96.03% |
| Ward No. 105 – 93.86% |
| Ward No. 106 – 92.97% |
| Ward No. 107 – 90.06% |
| Ward No. 108 – 80.74% |
| Ward No. 109 – 85.49% |
| Ward No. 110 – 91.35% |
| Ward No. 111 – 93.36% |
| Ward No. 112 – 92.50% |
| Ward No. 113 – 92.18% |
| Ward No. 114 – 91.13% |
| Ward No. 115 – 95.53% |
| Ward No. 116 – 86.91% |
| Ward No. 117 – 86.53% |
| Ward No. 118 – 90.04% |
| Ward No. 119 – 94.04% |
| Ward No. 120 – 92.15% |
| Ward No. 121 – 91.86% |
| Ward No. 122 – 92.88% |
| Ward No. 123 – 93.42% |
| Ward No. 124 – 92.55% |
| Ward No. 125 – 92.50% |
| Ward No. 126 – 93.78% |
| Ward No. 127 – 91.82% |
| Ward No. 128 – 92.67% |
| Ward No. 129 – 92.56% |
| Ward No. 130 – 95.55% |
| Ward No. 131 – 93.48% |
| Ward No. 132 – 90.30% |
| Ward No. 133 – 83.48% |
| Ward No. 134 – 73.75% |
| Ward No. 135 – 75.75% |
| Ward No. 136 – 85.01% |
| Ward No. 137 – 79.16% |
| Ward No. 138 – 78.67% |
| Ward No. 139 – 77.56% |
| Ward No. 140 – 79.93% |
| Ward No. 141 – 75.15% |
| Note: The regional distribution
is a broad one and
there is some overlapping |
| Source:
2011 Census: Ward-Wise
Primary Census Abstract Data |

Census data about mother tongue and religion is not available at the ward level. For district level information see Kolkata district.

According to the District Census Handbook Kolkata 2011, 141 wards of Kolkata Municipal Corporation formed Kolkata district. (3 wards were added later).

## Election highlights

The ward forms a city municipal corporation council electoral constituency and is a part of Kasba (Vidhan Sabha constituency).

| Election
year | Constituency | Name of councillor | Party affililiation | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2005 | Ward No. 91 | Dipankar De | Communist Party of India (Marxist) |  |
| 2010 | | Dipankar De | Communist Party of India (Marxist) |  |
| 2015 | | Annapurna Das | Communist Party of India (Marxist) |  |
| 2021 | | Vaishanar Chatterjee | All India Trinamool Congress |  |

Kolkata/South travel guide from Wikivoyage

## InfoBox

| Ward No. 91 | |
| --- | --- |
| Kolkata Municipal Corporation | |
| Interactive Map Outlining Ward No. 91 | |
| Ward No. 91Location in Kolkata | |
| Coordinates (dms): 22°30′58″N 88°22′43″E / 22.516222°N 88.378694°E / 22.516222; 88.378694 | |
| Country | India |
| State | West Bengal |
| City | Kolkata |
| Neighbourhoods | Kasba (Rathtala-Bosepukur), Dhakuria (Kalupara-Kamala Park) |
| Reservation | Open |
| Parliamentary constituency | Kolkata Dakshin |
| Assembly constituency | Kasba |
| Borough | 10 |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 38,450 |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 700 042, 700 068, 700 107 |
| Area code | +91 33 |


title: Flattery

abstract:
Flattery, also called adulation or blandishment, is the act of giving excessive compliments, generally for the purpose of ingratiating oneself with the subject. It is also used in pick-up lines when attempting to initiate sexual or romantic courtship. Historically, flattery has been used as a standard form of discourse when addressing a king or queen. In the Renaissance, it was a common practice among writers to flatter the reigning monarch, as Edmund Spenser flattered Queen Elizabeth I in The Faerie Queene, William Shakespeare flattered King James I in Macbeth, Niccolò Machiavelli flattered Lorenzo II de' Medici in The Prince and Jean de La Fontaine flattered Louis XIV of France in his Fables. Many associations with flattery are negative. Negative descriptions of flattery range at least as far back in history as the Bible. In the Divine Comedy, Dante depicts flatterers wading in human excrement, stating that their words were the equivalent of excrement, in the second bolgia of 8th Circle of Hell. An insincere flatterer is a stock character in many literary works. Examples include Wormtongue from J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Goneril and Regan from King Lear, and Iago from Othello. Historians and philosophers have paid attention to flattery as a problem in ethics and politics. Plutarch wrote an essay on "How to Tell a Flatterer from a Friend". Julius Caesar was notorious for his flattery. In his In Praise of Folly, Erasmus commended flattery because it "raises downcast spirits, comforts the sad, rouses the apathetic, stirs up the stolid, cheers the sick, restrains the headstrong, brings lovers together and keeps them united." "To flatter" is also used to refer to artwork or clothing that makes the subject or wearer appear more attractive, as in:
  - The king was pleased with the portrait, as it was very flattering of his girth.
  - I think I'll wear the green dress because it flatters my legs.

text:
# Flattery

**Flattery**, also called **adulation** or **blandishment**, is the act of giving excessive compliments, generally for the purpose of ingratiating oneself with the subject. It is also used in pick-up lines when attempting to initiate sexual or romantic courtship.

Historically, flattery has been used as a standard form of discourse when addressing a king or queen. In the Renaissance, it was a common practice among writers to **flatter** the reigning monarch, as Edmund Spenser flattered Queen Elizabeth I in *The Faerie Queene*, William Shakespeare flattered King James I in *Macbeth*, Niccolò Machiavelli flattered Lorenzo II de' Medici in *The Prince* and Jean de La Fontaine flattered Louis XIV of France in his *Fables*.

Many associations with flattery are negative. Negative descriptions of flattery range at least as far back in history as the Bible. In the *Divine Comedy*, Dante depicts flatterers wading in human excrement, stating that their words were the equivalent of excrement, in the second bolgia of 8th Circle of Hell. An insincere flatterer is a stock character in many literary works. Examples include Wormtongue from J. R. R. Tolkien's *The Lord of the Rings*, Goneril and Regan from *King Lear*, and Iago from *Othello*.

Historians and philosophers have paid attention to flattery as a problem in ethics and politics. Plutarch wrote an essay on "How to Tell a Flatterer from a Friend". Julius Caesar was notorious for his flattery. In his *In Praise of Folly*, Erasmus commended flattery because it "raises downcast spirits, comforts the sad, rouses the apathetic, stirs up the stolid, cheers the sick, restrains the headstrong, brings lovers together and keeps them united."

"To flatter" is also used to refer to artwork or clothing that makes the subject or wearer appear more attractive, as in:

* The king was pleased with the portrait, as it was very flattering of his girth.
* I think I'll wear the green dress because it flatters my legs.


title: Protoadapis

abstract: Protoadapis is a genus of adapiform primate that lived in Europe during the early middle Eocene.

text:
# Protoadapis

***Protoadapis*** is a genus of adapiform primate that lived in Europe during the early middle Eocene.

### Literature cited

* Gebo, D.L. (2002). "Adapiformes: Phylogeny and adaptation". In Hartwig, W.C. (ed.). *The Primate Fossil Record*. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-08141-2. OCLC 47254191.

## InfoBox

| *Protoadapis*
Temporal range: Middle Eocene | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Radiograph of *Protoadapis ignoratus* jaw | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Primates |
| Suborder: | Strepsirrhini |
| Family: | Notharctidae |
| Subfamily: | Cercamoniinae |
| Genus: | *Protoadapis*
Lemoine, 1878 |
|
| Type species | |
| ***Protoadapis curvicuspidens***
Lemoine, 1878 | |
| Species | |
| * *P. andrei* * *P. angustidens* * *P. curvicuspidens* * *P. ignoratus* * *P. muechelnensis* * *P. recticuspidens* * *P. weigelti* | |