title: Toksar

abstract:
Toksar is a village in Barwah tehsil in Khargone district of Madhya Pradesh, India. It belongs to the Indore division and is located on the south bank of the Narmada River, about 10 km west of Sanawad and 75 km south of Indore. In 2018, its population was 1,473 inhabitants with 758 males and 715 females. The majority of the population are Hindi speaking Gurjar, and farmers, mainly growing soya bean, wheat, cotton, arbi etc. Toksar has become a small stop during the Panchkosi Parikrama which starts in Omkareshwar and lasts 5 days.
Toksar was awarded the Nirmal Gram Puraskar in 2008.
It has a school and a hospital.

text:
# Toksar

**Toksar** is a village in Barwah tehsil in Khargone district of Madhya Pradesh, India. It belongs to the Indore division and is located on the south bank of the Narmada River, about 10 km west of Sanawad and 75 km south of Indore. In 2018, its population was 1,473 inhabitants with 758 males and 715 females.

The majority of the population are Hindi speaking Gurjar, and farmers, mainly growing soya bean, wheat, cotton, arbi etc. Toksar has become a small stop during the *Panchkosi Parikrama* which starts in Omkareshwar and lasts 5 days. Toksar was awarded the Nirmal Gram Puraskar ("clean village prize") in 2008. It has a school and a hospital.

22°10′28″N 75°59′03″E / 22.1745°N 75.9841°E / 22.1745; 75.9841

## InfoBox

| Toksar | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| ToksarToksar | |
| Coordinates: 22°10′28″N 75°59′3″E / 22.17444°N 75.98417°E / 22.17444; 75.98417 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Madhya Pradesh |


title: Pogonocherus caroli

abstract: Pogonocherus caroli is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Mulsant in 1863. It is known from France, Algeria, Tunisia, Spain, and Scotland.

text:
# Pogonocherus caroli

***Pogonocherus caroli*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Mulsant in 1863. It is known from France, Algeria, Tunisia, Spain, and (since 2006) Scotland.

## Subspecies

* *Pogonocherus caroli caroli* Mulsant, 1863
* *Pogonocherus caroli icosiensis* Peyerimhoff, 1918

## InfoBox

| *Pogonocherus caroli* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Tribe: | Pogonocherini |
| Genus: | *Pogonocherus* |
| Species: | ***P. caroli*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pogonocherus caroli***<br>Mulsant, 1863 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Eupogonocherus caroli* (Mulsant) Villiers, 1978 | |


title: ZNF19

abstract: Zinc finger protein 19 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF19 gene. The protein encoded by this gene contains a zinc finger, a nucleic acid-binding domain present in many transcription factors. This gene is located in a region next to ZNF23, a gene also encoding a zinc finger protein, on chromosome 16.

text:
# ZNF19

**Zinc finger protein 19** is a protein that in humans is encoded by the *ZNF19* gene.

The protein encoded by this gene contains a zinc finger, a nucleic acid-binding domain present in many transcription factors. This gene is located in a region next to ZNF23, a gene also encoding a zinc finger protein, on chromosome 16.

## Further reading

*This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.*

## InfoBox

| ZNF19 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Identifiers | | | |
| Aliases | ZNF19, KOX12, zinc finger protein 19 | | |
| External IDs | OMIM: 194525; HomoloGene: 56009; GeneCards: ZNF19; OMA:ZNF19 - orthologs | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
| Orthologs  Species **Human** **Mouse**  Entrez   Ensembl   UniProt   RefSeq (mRNA)     NM\_006961<br>NM\_152907   n/a   RefSeq (protein)     NP\_008892   n/a   Location (UCSC) Chr 16: 71.46 – 71.57 Mb n/a  PubMed search  n/a | | | |
| Wikidata | | | |
| View/Edit Human | | | |


title: William de la Founte

abstract: William de la Founte was a Bristol merchant who became one of the first English entrepreneurs to profit from the slave trade. de la Founte had established his business interests in Lisbon and from 1480 also in Huelva, Andalusia. He participated in the trafficking of slaves to the soap industry in Lower Andalusia. de la Founte provided surety for Wiliam Weston in 1490.

text:
# William de la Founte

**William de la Founte** (died 1495) was a Bristol merchant who became one of the first English entrepreneurs to profit from the slave trade.

de la Founte had established his business interests in Lisbon and from 1480 also in Huelva, Andalusia. He participated in the trafficking of slaves to the soap industry in Lower Andalusia.

de la Founte provided surety for Wiliam Weston in 1490.


title: William Vaughan (merchant)

abstract: William Vaughan (1752–1850) was an English West India merchant and author.

text:
# William Vaughan (merchant)

**William Vaughan** (1752–1850) was an English West India merchant and author.

## Life

Born on 22 September 1752, he was the second son of Samuel Vaughan, a merchant in London and Jamaica, by his wife Sarah, daughter of Benjamin Hallowell of Boston, Massachusetts. Benjamin Vaughan was his elder brother. He was educated at Newcome's School in Hackney and Warrington Academy.

After leaving school Vaughan entered his father's business, and became prominent in commerce.

In April 1782 Vaughan travelled to Amsterdam to meet John Adams, as part of the negotiations to end the American War of Independence. In 1783 he was elected a director of the Royal Exchange Assurance Corporation, and continued in it, as director, sub-governor, and governor, until 1829. During the Nore mutiny in 1797, Vaughan formed one of the committees of London merchants convened to meet at the Royal Exchange to deal with it. He independently drew up a short address to the seamen which was put in circulation by the naval authorities.

From 1793 to 1797 Vaughan published a series of pamphlets and tracts advocating the construction of docks for the Port of London. On 22 April 1796 he gave evidence before a parliamentary committee in favour of the bill for establishing wet docks. Later that year he was on the committee planning docks, with Robert Milligan, George Hibbert and Beeston Long. Plans were laid for docks at Wapping; but the following year Milligan and Hibbert broke away to follow their own, more exclusive plans at the Isle of Dogs. Vaughan became a director of the London Dock Company in 1805.

Vaughan was a Fellow of the Royal Society, the Linnean Society, and of the Royal Astronomical Society. He was a member of the New England Corporation, and its governor till 1829. He was also a member of the Society for Bettering the Condition of the Poor, which was instrumental in 1815 in establishing the first savings bank in London, at Leicester Place in Westminster. He was a governor of Christ's Hospital and an honorary member of the Society of Civil Engineers. He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1830 and a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1840.

Vaughan died in London on 5 May 1850, at his residence, 70 Fenchurch Street.

## Works

Vaughan was the author of:

* *On Wet Docks, Quays, and Warehouses for the Port of London*, London, 1793.
* *Plan of the London Dock, with some Observations respecting the River*, London, 1794.
* *Answers to Objections against the London Docks*, London, 1796.
* *A Letter to a Friend on Commerce and Free Ports and London Docks*, London, 1796.
* *Examination of William Vaughan in Committee of the House of Commons*, London, 1796.
* *Reasons in favour of London Docks*, London, 1797.
* *A Comparative Statement of the Advantages and Disadvantages of the Docks in Wapping and the Isle of Dogs*, 2nd ed. London, 1799.

The first six were published together in 1797 as *A Collection of Tracts on Wet Docks for the Port of London, with Hints on Trade and Commerce and on Free Ports*. They were republished in 1839, with the *Comparative Statement* and other pieces as *Tracts on Docks and Commerce, printed between 1793 and 1800*.

In 1791 Vaughan tried to form a society for the promotion of English canals. He made a collection, in three folio volumes, of plans and descriptions relating to the subject. He edited the captivity narrative *The Narrative of Captain David Woodard and Four Seamen: Who Lost Their Ship While in A Boat at Sea, and Surrendered Themselves Up to the Malays* (1804).

Attribution

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Lee, Sidney, ed. (1899). "Vaughan, William (1752-1850)". *Dictionary of National Biography*. Vol. 58. London: Smith, Elder & Co.


title: Moscow City Hall (Idaho)

abstract: The City Hall of Moscow, Idaho, formerly known as the Moscow Post Office and Courthouse and Moscow Federal Building, was built 113 years ago in 1911. Its red brick with ivory terracotta trim reflects Late Victorian and Eclectic architecture. As a federal building, it served historically as a post office and a courthouse of the U.S. District Court for the District of Idaho. Listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973, it was vacated in 1974 when the new federal building opened two blocks south. Two years later, it was acquired by the city from the General Services Administration for $70,000, with half of that funded from the state historical society. At the time, the land alone was valued at $100,000. Rejected for use as a library in 1979, it became a community center in the early 1980s. A bond issue to fund a renovation was defeated in late 1986, it became the city hall of the municipality in the 1990s.

text:
# Moscow City Hall (Idaho)

The **City Hall** of Moscow, Idaho, formerly known as the **Moscow Post Office and Courthouse** and **Moscow Federal Building**, was built 113 years ago in 1911. Its red brick with ivory terracotta trim reflects Late Victorian and Eclectic architecture.

As a federal building, it served historically as a post office and a courthouse of the U.S. District Court for the District of Idaho. Listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973, it was vacated in 1974 when the new federal building opened two blocks south. Two years later, it was acquired by the city from the General Services Administration for 70,000, with half of that funded from the state historical society. At the time, the land alone was valued at $100,000.

Rejected for use as a library in 1979, it became a community center in the early 1980s.

A bond issue to fund a renovation was defeated in late 1986, it became the city hall of the municipality in the 1990s.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Moscow Post Office and Courthouse | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| East side in 2017 | |
|  | |
| Interactive map showing the location for Moscow City Hall | |
| Location | 206 E. Third Street<br>Moscow, Idaho |
| Coordinates | 46°43′58″N 116°59′59″W / 46.7327°N 116.9997°W / 46.7327; -116.9997 |
| Area | less than one acre |
| Built | 1911 (1911) |
| Architect | U.S. Treasury Dept. |
| Architectural style | Late Victorian, Eclectic |
| NRHP reference No. | 73000686 |
| Added to NRHP | July 3, 1973 |


title: Moscow City Duma District 6

abstract: Moscow City Duma District 6 is one of 45 constituencies in Moscow City Duma. The district covers outer parts of Northern Moscow. The district has been represented since 2024 by United Russia deputy Nadezhda Perfilova, a school principal and three-term member, who was redistricted from District 7.

text:
# Moscow City Duma District 6

**Moscow City Duma District 6** is one of 45 constituencies in Moscow City Duma. The district covers outer parts of Northern Moscow.

The district has been represented since 2024 by United Russia deputy Nadezhda Perfilova, a school principal and three-term member, who was redistricted from District 7.

## Boundaries

**1993–1997**: Begovoy, Koptevo, Savyolovsky, Timiryazevsky
The district covered inner parts of Northern Moscow.

**1997–2005**: Begovoy, Koptevo, Savyolovsky, Timiryazevsky, TEOS TSKhA
The district was unchanged with Timiryazev Academy being elevated to a separate administrative division status.

**2005–2009**: Bogorodskoye, Golyanovo, Izmaylovo, Metrogorodok, Preobrazhenskoye, Severnoye Izmaylovo, part of Sokolniki, Vostochnoye Izmaylovo, Vostochny
The district was completely reconfigured as it was placed into Eastern Moscow, overlapping the then-eliminated State Duma Preobrazhensky constituency.

**2009–2014**: Bogorodskoye, Golyanovo, Izmaylovo, Metrogorodok, Preobrazhenskoye, Severnoye Izmaylovo, Vostochnoye Izmaylovo, Vostochny
The district was lightly rearranged prior to the 2009 election, losing Sokolniki to District 5.

**2014–2024**: Golovinsky, Khovrino, Levoberezhny, part of Zapadnoye Degunino
The district was completely rearranged in the 2014 redistricting as it was moved to cover outer parts of Northern Moscow.

**2024–present**: part of Beskudnikovsky, Dmitrovsky, Vostochnoye Degunino, part of Zapadnoye Degunino
During the 2023–24 Moscow redistricting all of the former district was renumbered District 5. In its new configuration the district took all of former District 7.

## Members elected

| Election | | Member | Party |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 1993 | Irina Rukina | Choice of Russia |
|  | 1997 | | Independent |
|  | 2001 | | Union of Right Forces |
|  | 2005 | Andrey Metelsky | United Russia |
|  | 2009 | | |
|  | 2014 | Nadezhda Babkina | United Russia |
|  | 2019 | Yevgeny Bunimovich | Yabloko |
|  | 2024 | Nadezhda Perfilova | United Russia |

## Election results

### 2001

Summary of the 16 December 2001 Moscow City Duma election in District 6
| Candidate | | Party | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Irina Rukina (incumbent)** | Union of Right Forces | **18,018** | **33.67%** |
|  | Aleksandr Andreyev | Independent | 12,338 | 23.06% |
|  | Yury Kotov | Communist Party | 7,899 | 14.76% |
|  | Vladimir Yatsenko | Independent | 5,766 | 10.78% |
|  | Shamun Kagermanov | Independent | 979 | 1.83% |
|  | against all | | 5,875 | 10.98% |
|  | | | | |
| Total | | | 54,038 | 100% |
|  | | | | |
| Source: | | | |  |

### 2005

Summary of the 4 December 2005 Moscow City Duma election in District 6
| Candidate | | Party | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Andrey Metelsky (incumbent)** | United Russia | **72,305** | **46.02%** |
|  | Valentina Prisyazhnyuk (incumbent) | Independent | 37,534 | 23.89% |
|  | Dmitry Shchavelev | Russian Party of Life | 13,208 | 8.41% |
|  | Kirill Prokofyev | Liberal Democratic Party | 9,072 | 5.77% |
|  | Vladislav Paramzin | Independent | 7,571 | 4.82% |
|  | | | | |
| Total | | | 157,119 | 100% |
|  | | | | |
| Source: | | | |  |

### 2009

Summary of the 11 October 2009 Moscow City Duma election in District 6
| Candidate | | Party | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Andrey Metelsky (incumbent)** | United Russia | **91,328** | **64.26%** |
|  | Vladimir Koshelev | Communist Party | 22,867 | 16.09% |
|  | Miras Tulepov | A Just Russia | 8,103 | 5.70% |
|  | Kirill Strebkov | Liberal Democratic Party | 7,734 | 5.44% |
|  | Oleg Alekseyev | Independent | 6,838 | 4.81% |
|  | | | | |
| Total | | | 142,126 | 100% |
|  | | | | |
| Source: | | | |  |

### 2014

Summary of the 14 September 2014 Moscow City Duma election in District 6
| Candidate | | Party | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Nadezhda Babkina** | United Russia | **13,509** | **36.91%** |
|  | Sergey Grigorov | Yabloko | 8,759 | 23.93% |
|  | Boris Yeliseyev | A Just Russia | 5,994 | 16.38% |
|  | Nadezhda Barynina | Communist Party | 5,406 | 14.77% |
|  | Tamara Lopareva | Liberal Democratic Party | 1,673 | 4.57% |
|  | | | | |
| Total | | | 36,595 | 100% |
|  | | | | |
| Source: | | | |  |

### 2019

Summary of the 8 September 2019 Moscow City Duma election in District 6
| Candidate | | Party | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Yevgeny Bunimovich** | Yabloko | **16,732** | **40.56%** |
|  | Mikhail Balykhin | Independent | 11,449 | 27.75% |
|  | Aleksey Melnikov | Communist Party | 6,921 | 16.78% |
|  | Natalya Krutskikh | Communists of Russia | 2,496 | 6.05% |
|  | Aleksey Pochernin | Liberal Democratic Party | 2,341 | 5.67% |
|  | | | | |
| Total | | | 41,255 | 100% |
|  | | | | |
| Source: | | | |  |

### 2024

Summary of the 6–8 September 2024 Moscow City Duma election in District 6
| Candidate | | Party | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Nadezhda Perfilova (incumbent)** | United Russia | **43,166** | **54.09%** |
|  | Viktoria Aleynikova | A Just Russia – For Truth | 11,862 | 14.86% |
|  | Maksim Konkin | Communist Party | 9,523 | 11.93% |
|  | Valery Limet | New People | 7,122 | 8.92% |
|  | Marsel Dyuran | Liberal Democratic Party | 4,222 | 5.29% |
|  | Nikolay Ageyev | Independent | 3,896 | 4.88% |
|  | | | | |
| Total | | | 79,807 | 100% |
|  | | | | |
| Source: | | | |  |

1. "Результаты выборов по одномандатному избирательному округу, 2024". *moscow-city.vybory.izbirkom.ru*. Retrieved 2024-09-15.
2. "Закон города Москвы от 29 июня 2005 года №31 "О схеме одномандатных избирательных округов по выборам депутатов Московской городской Думы четвертого созыва"". *pravo.gov.ru*. Retrieved 2024-02-11.
3. "Закон города Москвы от 20 мая 2009 года №10 "О схеме одномандатных избирательных округов по выборам депутатов Московской городской Думы пятого созыва"". *mosopen.ru*. Retrieved 2024-02-11.
4. "Закон города Москвы от 30 апреля 2014 года №22 "О схеме одномандатных избирательных округов по выборам депутатов Московской городской Думы"". *docs.cntd.ru*. Retrieved 2024-02-11.
5. "Закон города Москвы от 27 декабря 2023 года №39 "О схеме одномандатных избирательных округов по выборам депутатов Московской городской Думы"". *docs.cntd.ru*. Retrieved 2024-02-11.
6. "Результаты выборов по одномандатному избирательному округу, 2001". *panorama.ru*. Retrieved 2024-02-11.
7. "Результаты выборов по одномандатному избирательному округу, 2005". *moscow-city.vybory.izbirkom.ru*. Retrieved 2024-02-11.
8. "Результаты выборов по одномандатному избирательному округу, 2009". *moscow-city.vybory.izbirkom.ru*. Retrieved 2024-02-11.
9. "Результаты выборов по одномандатному избирательному округу, 2014". *moscow-city.vybory.izbirkom.ru*. Retrieved 2024-02-11.
10. "Результаты выборов по одномандатному избирательному округу, 2019". *moscow-city.vybory.izbirkom.ru*. Retrieved 2024-02-11.

## InfoBox

Moscow City Duma District 6
| **Moscow City Duma**
**constituency** | |
| --- | --- |
| Deputy | Nadezhda Perfilova
United Russia |
| Administrative Okrug | Northern |
| Districts | part of Beskudnikovsky, Dmitrovsky, Vostochnoye Degunino, part of Zapadnoye Degunino |
| Voters | 191,340 (2024) |


title: William Watts (priest)

abstract: William Watts was a Welsh Anglican priest in the 18th century. Watts was educated at Brasenose College, Oxford. He graduated B.A. in 1666, M.A. in 1669, and B.D. in 1676. Watts became Rector of Abbey Dore in1677; a Canon of Hereford Cathedral in 1677; Precentor of Hereford in 1686; and Archdeacon of Llandaff in 1707.

text:
# William Watts (priest)

**William Watts** (b Much Marcle 14 March 1667; d Abbey Dore 15 October 1722) was a Welsh Anglican priest in the 18th century.

Watts was educated at Brasenose College, Oxford. He graduated B.A. in 1666, M.A. in 1669, and B.D. in 1676. Watts became Rector of Abbey Dore in1677; a Canon of Hereford Cathedral in 1677; Precentor of Hereford in 1686; and Archdeacon of Llandaff in 1707.


title: Moritz Wilhelm August Breidenbach

abstract: Moritz Wilhelm August Breidenbach was a German jurist.

text:
# Moritz Wilhelm August Breidenbach

**Moritz Wilhelm August Breidenbach** (13 November 1796 – 2 April 1857) was a German jurist.

## Life

Breidenbach was born at Offenbach as a son of Wolf Breidenbach. After his secondary education at a gymnasium at Frankfurt, he studied law at the University of Heidelberg, from which he was graduated in 1817 as a Doctor of Law.

After a supplementary course at Göttingen, where he was listed as a Jewish law student he began the practise of law at Darmstadt in 1820. He converted to Protestantism at a time when many thousands of German Jews converted because they wanted to enter civil service.

In 1831 he became counselor of the treasury in the Ministry of the Interior of Hesse-Darmstadt, and in 1836 counselor of the cabinet, in which capacity he officiated as commissioner of the Hessian government in the Landtag. He became a member of the council of state in 1848, but was compelled to resign this office upon the outbreak of the Revolution. He was recalled, however, in 1849 as chief counselor for education, which position he held until his death.

Breidenbach died in Darmstadt.

## Legacy

According to the 1906 Jewish Encyclopedia:

> Breidenbach displayed exceptional ability in every capacity, whether as a jurist, official, or popular representative. But he was frequently opposed by those who admired his learning, because of his pronounced monarchical views. He was the principal author of the penal code of Hesse, and actively participated in framing the "Allgemeine Deutsche Wechsel- und Handelsrecht." His principal literary work is his commentary on the Hessian legal code.


title: Motor Mile Speedway

abstract: Pulaski County Motorsports Park is a 0.416-mile paved oval racetrack in Fairlawn, Pulaski County, Virginia. It was purchased by Shelor Automotive Group in 2004 and was subsequently renamed Motor Mile Speedway.

text:
# Motor Mile Speedway

**Pulaski County Motorsports Park** (formerly **Pulaski County Speedway**, **New River Valley Speedway**, then **Motor Mile Speedway**) is a 0.416-mile paved oval racetrack in Fairlawn, Pulaski County, Virginia. It was purchased by Shelor Automotive Group in 2004 and was subsequently renamed Motor Mile Speedway.

## History

The track announced that it has cut all sanctions with NASCAR and discontinued its oval track racing in late 2017 but reopened under NASCAR sanctioning in 2019. However, it continues to use its drag strip behind the back straightaway. In late 2020, the Rusty Wallace Racing Experience signed an agreement to become operator of the track for at least the next two years, with plans to run regular oval- and drag-racing experiences at the track.

Pulaski County Motorsports Park hosted one NASCAR Busch North Series event in 2005. And 3 NASCAR Whelen Southern Modified Tour races between 2005 and 2006.

The facility also hosted 21 X-1R Pro Cup Series races from 1998 until 2014, 2 CARS Super Late Model Tour events in 2015 and 2019 and 2 CARS Late Model Stock Tour races, also in 2015 and 2019. The track started hosting the CARS Tour once again in 2021 along with the SMART Modified Tour.

Pulaski County Motorsports Park hosted one ASA National Tour event in 1999.

On July 27, 2023, the track hosted the SRX Series, with Kyle Busch winning in his SRX debut.

## Notable weekly drivers

Kyle Dudley 2022 Late Model Stock Car Champion

## NASCAR Busch Series history

The track is most famous for hosting 4 NASCAR Busch Series events between 1989 and 1992.

| Season | Winning Driver | Number |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1989 | Rick Mast | 22 |
| 1990 | Steve Grissom | 63 |
| 1991 | Chuck Bown | 63 |
| 1992 | Bobby Dotter | 08 |

37°8′34.80″N 80°36′46.80″W / 37.1430000°N 80.6130000°W / 37.1430000; -80.6130000

## InfoBox

Pulaski County Motorsports Park
| Pulaski County Motorsports Park racetrack and viewing stand, March 2022 | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Fairlawn, Virginia |
| Capacity | 10,160 |
| Owner | Shelor Automotive Group |
| Operator | Rusty Wallace Racing Experience |
| Opened | July 20, 1952 |
| Former names | Motor Mile Speedway
New River Valley Speedway
Pulaski County Speedway |
| Major events | NASCAR-sanctioned Late Model Stock Car, Limited Sportsman, Street Stock, Mod4, as well as non-NASCAR sanctioned divisions U-Car and Mini-Cup, Superstar Racing Experience |
| Oval | |
| Surface | Asphalt |
| Length | 0.416 miles (0.669 km) |
| Turns | 4 |
| Banking | Turns: 15°
Straights: 7° |


title: Motor Mayhem

abstract: V.C.L.: Vehicular Combat League Presents - Motor Mayhem, also known as simply Motor Mayhem, is a vehicular combat game developed by Beyond Games and published by Infogrames for PlayStation 2 in 2001.

text:
# Motor Mayhem

***V.C.L.: Vehicular Combat League Presents - Motor Mayhem***, also known as simply ***Motor Mayhem***, is a vehicular combat game developed by Beyond Games and published by Infogrames for PlayStation 2 in 2001.

## Gameplay

Similar to other arena-based vehicular combat games like *Twisted Metal*, *Motor Mayhem* is a game based on the concept of a violent and futuristic motor-sport event. The player directly controls a customized combat vehicle in a land-based arena and battles against another player or computer controlled opponents. Each vehicle has a distinctive character and unique special attacks. Each themed arena has additional weapons and upgrades for the vehicles to pick up. Points are awarded for the destruction of an enemy vehicle. The first contestant to achieve a target score, or that has the highest score when time expires, is the winner.

## Reception

The game received "mixed" reviews according to the review aggregation website Metacritic. Daniel Erickson of *NextGen* called it "An inoffensive offering that falls short of the competition." Dan Elektro of *GamePro* quoted William Shakespeare's *Macbeth* in calling it "a game full of sound and fury, signifying nothing."

1. "INFOGRAMES, INC. CRASHES INTO STORES ON SONY PLAYSTATION 2 WITH MOTOR MAYHEM". *Infogrames*. July 2, 2001. Archived from the original on August 3, 2001. Retrieved April 8, 2023.
2. "*Motor Mayhem*". *Game Nation*. Archived from the original on May 28, 2002. Retrieved April 20, 2024.
3. Rivers, Trevor (June 14, 2001). "Motor Mayhem: Vehicular Combat League Review \[date mislabeled as "May 17, 2006"\]". *GameSpot*. Fandom. Archived from the original on July 7, 2001. Retrieved April 29, 2022.
4. Zdyrko, David (June 26, 2001). "Motor Mayhem". *IGN*. Ziff Davis. Archived from the original on May 30, 2019. Retrieved June 30, 2021.
5. "Motor Mayhem: Vehicular Combat League". *Metacritic*. Fandom. Archived from the original on October 15, 2023. Retrieved January 20, 2024.
6. "Motor Mayhem". *Consoles +* (in French). No. 118. November 2001. p. 145. Archived from the original on February 2, 2021. Retrieved January 21, 2024.
7. "Motor Mayhem". *Computer and Video Games*. No. 240. Dennis Publishing. November 2001. p. 112. Retrieved June 30, 2021.
8. Kato, Matthew (August 2001). "Motor Mayhem". *Game Informer*. No. 100. FuncoLand. Archived from the original on November 13, 2004. Retrieved June 30, 2021.
9. Sanders, Shawn (July 6, 2001). "Motor Mayhem Review". *GameRevolution*. CraveOnline. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved April 29, 2022.
10. immortal (July 17, 2001). "Motor Mayhem Review". *GameZone*. Archived from the original on May 15, 2006. Retrieved April 29, 2022.
11. Erickson, Daniel (September 2001). "Motor Mayhem". *NextGen*. No. 81. Imagine Media. p. 66. Retrieved April 29, 2022.
12. Zuniga, Todd (August 2001). "Motor Mayhem". *Official U.S. PlayStation Magazine*. No. 47. Ziff Davis. p. 103. Retrieved April 29, 2022.
13. Layton, Tommy (August 2001). "Motor Mayhem". *PSM*. No. 48. Imagine Media. p. 31. Retrieved June 30, 2021.
14. Kent, Steven (February 13, 2002). "Olympics aren't only games to hail from Utah". *The Cincinnati Enquirer*. Gannett Company. Archived from the original on August 21, 2008. Retrieved April 29, 2022.
15. Dan Elektro (September 2001). "Motor Mayhem" (PDF). *GamePro*. No. 156. IDG. p. 83. Archived from the original on January 20, 2005. Retrieved January 20, 2024.

## InfoBox

| Motor Mayhem: Vehicular Combat League | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Developer(s) | Beyond Games |
| Publisher(s) | Infogrames |
| Platform(s) | PlayStation 2 |
| Release | * NA: July 2, 2001 * EU: November 23, 2001 * AU: November 30, 2001 |
| Genre(s) | Vehicular combat |
| Mode(s) | Single-player, multiplayer |


title: Wimmers Soft Drinks

abstract: Wimmers is an Australian soft drink brand founded in Nambour, Australia in 1910 by Alfred Wimmer and his son Frank. Wimmers is currently owned by Noosa Beverages Pty Ltd, which is currently owned by the Lavin family.

text:
# Wimmers Soft Drinks

**Wimmers** is an Australian soft drink brand founded in Nambour, Australia in 1910 by Alfred Wimmer and his son Frank. Wimmers is currently owned by Noosa Beverages Pty Ltd, which is currently owned by the Lavin family.

## InfoBox

Wimmers Soft Drinks
|
|  |
| Trade name | Wimmers |
| Company type | Private |
| Industry | Beverage |
| Founded | 1910 (1910) in Nambour, Australia |
| Founder | Alfred and Frank Wimmer |
| Headquarters | 271 Lake Macdonald Drive, Lake Macdonald, Australia |
| Area served | Queensland<br>Northern New South Wales |
| Owner | Peter and Toni Lavin |
| Parent | Noosa Beverages Pty Ltd |
| Website | noosabeverages.com.au |


title: Wimmis

abstract: Wimmis is a municipality in the Frutigen-Niedersimmental administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

text:
# Wimmis

**Wimmis** is a municipality in the Frutigen-Niedersimmental administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland.

## History

Wimmis is first mentioned in 994 as *Windemis*.

The oldest traces of a settlement in Wimmis include the Mesolithic and Bronze Age settlements on the Chienberg and the Bronze Age and High Middle Ages settlements on the Pintel. Roman era artifacts were found at Engfeld and bronze statue of Emperor Gordian III was found at Tägerstein. The area remained inhabited during the Middle Ages and in 994 King Otto III granted his estates in Wimmis to Selz Abbey.

By the 12th or 13th century the Lords of Wimmis or Strättligen built Wimmis Castle above the village. The exact relationship between the two families is unclear, but the Wimmis line became extinct in the mid-13th century and by 1260 the Freiherr von Strättligen owned Wimmis Castle and the surrounding lands. A few years later the castle and lands were incorporated into the extensive holdings of the Freiherr von Weissenburg. Over the following years, the town at the foot of the castle was attacked and burned twice by Bernese troops, in 1298 and 1334 and the castle was attacked and taken in 1334. After the war, Freiherr Johann the Elder von Weissenburg was forced to sign a treaty with Bern. The castle and surrounding bailiwick were inherited by the Freiherr von Brandis in 1368. However, in 1398 he sold a half share of the estates to the von Scharnachtal family and in 1437 sold the remaining half to them. The von Scharnachtals held the castle and bailiwick until Bern bought it back in 1449.

The castle church of St. Martin was first mentioned in 1228 as one of the twelve churches surrounding Lake Thun in the Strättliger Chronicle. The castle church was built in the 10th century on the site of an earlier 7th or 8th century church. It was expanded in the 14th century and again in the 15th. The murals are from the 15th century expansion. In 1527 it, along with the entire Niedersimmental converted to the new faith of the Protestant Reformation.

Under Bernese rule the castle became the center of the Niedersimmental district. During the 17th and 18th centuries the castle was expanded in several stages into its current appearance. In 1708 a fire broke out in the castle town, destroying the entire settlement around the castle. The castle town was abandoned and the current castle gardens were planted on the site. After the 1803 Act of Mediation, the castle became the center of new Niedersimmental district. In 1967 the district administration moved into a modern office building but the district court remained in the castle. In 2010 the administrative structure of the Canton of Bern changed. The court moved from Wimmis to Thun and the castle was given to the municipality.

Wimmis' location at the entrance to the Simmental made it into an important local trading center. In 1815 the construction of the Simmental road allowed more traffic to travel through Wimmis. A village school opened in 1859. In the 1870s it was envisioned as a railroad hub, before the hub was moved to Spiez. Between 1897 and 1902 the Spiez-Zweisimmen railway passed through the village and built stations at Wimmis and Eifeld. The railroad helped factories move into Wimmis. In 1919 the Swiss military established the Federal Gunpowder factory at Wimmis. In the 1990s it became Nitrochemie Wimmis, which in addition to producing smokeless powder, explosives and industrial chemicals is the world's largest paper deacidification facility.

During the Cold War, the Swiss military maintained a store of uranium in Wimmis, which was a part of its nuclear weapons programme.

## Geography

Wimmis is located between the Simmenfluh and Burgfluh rivers at the entrance to the Simmental. The municipal borders stretch up the flank of the Niesen mountain to its peak at 2,362 meters (7,749 ft). It consists of the village of Wimmis and the settlements of Oberdorf, Brodhüsi, Hasli and Burgholz.

The municipality has an area of 22.35 km2 (8.63 sq mi). As of 2012, a total of 6.46 km2 (2.49 sq mi) or 28.9% is used for agricultural purposes, while 10.5 km2 (4.1 sq mi) or 47.0% is forested. The rest of the municipality is 1.71 km2 (0.66 sq mi) or 7.7% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.35 km2 (0.14 sq mi) or 1.6% is either rivers or lakes and 3.31 km2 (1.28 sq mi) or 14.8% is unproductive land.

During the same year, industrial buildings made up 1.6% of the total area while housing and buildings made up 2.8% and transportation infrastructure made up 2.0%. Power and water infrastructure as well as other special developed areas made up 1.1% of the area A total of 43.3% of the total land area is heavily forested and 2.4% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 5.4% is used for growing crops and 14.9% is pasturage and 8.1% is used for alpine pastures. All the water in the municipality is flowing water. Of the unproductive areas, 8.2% is unproductive vegetation and 6.7% is too rocky for vegetation.

On 31 December 2009 Amtsbezirk Niedersimmental, the municipality's former district, was dissolved. On the following day, 1 January 2010, it joined the newly created Verwaltungskreis Frutigen-Niedersimmental.

## Coat of arms

The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is *Gules a Castle embatteled Argent.*

## Demographics

Wimmis has a population (as of December 2020) of 2,609. As of 2010, 8.4% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (2001-2011) the population has changed at a rate of 3%. Migration accounted for 2.1%, while births and deaths accounted for 0.4%.

Most of the population (as of 2000) speaks German (2,223 or 96.1%) as their first language, Serbo-Croatian is the second most common (27 or 1.2%) and French is the third (15 or 0.6%). There are 15 people who speak Italian and 3 people who speak Romansh.

As of 2008, the population was 51.4% male and 48.6% female. The population was made up of 1,116 Swiss men (46.7% of the population) and 112 (4.7%) non-Swiss men. There were 1,074 Swiss women (44.9%) and 89 (3.7%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality, 714 or about 30.9% were born in Wimmis and lived there in 2000. There were 1,067 or 46.1% who were born in the same canton, while 288 or 12.4% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 171 or 7.4% were born outside of Switzerland.

As of 2011, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 22.1% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 60.2% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 17.7%.

As of 2000, there were 943 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 1,134 married individuals, 137 widows or widowers and 100 individuals who are divorced.

As of 2010, there were 322 households that consist of only one person and 67 households with five or more people. In 2000, a total of 916 apartments (88.8% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 82 apartments (8.0%) were seasonally occupied and 33 apartments (3.2%) were empty. As of 2010, the construction rate of new housing units was 7.1 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality, in 2012, was 0.58%. In 2011, single family homes made up 51.3% of the total housing in the municipality.

The historical population is given in the following chart:

## Heritage sites of national significance

The village church of Wimmis, the Letzi Spissi fortifications, and Wimmis Castle are listed as Swiss heritage site of national significance. The entire village of Wimmis is part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites.

The village church of St. Martin was built on the site of an early medieval church. Under the Kingdom of Upper Burgundy a fortified estate was built near the church and became a local administrative center. Around the 9th century the early church was replaced with a new building that had a wider aisle. In 994 King Otto III granted his estate and church in Wimmis to Selz Abbey. In the 1228 Strättliger Chronicle it was listed as one of the 12 Lake Thun churches. In the 13th century a fire destroyed the roof, though it was quickly replaced. It was converted into an aisleless church in 1450 and the wall murals are from the 15th century. The north-west corner houses a painting of the procession to Calvary and fragments of the Crucifixion and descent from the Cross. The church converted to the Reformed faith in 1527. The pulpit was built in 1672 and the baptismal font was carved in 1552.

The Letzi Spissi fortifications were built by Freiherr von Weissenburg about 1 kilometer (0.6 mile) south-west of the castle. It was built to help defend the entrance to the Niedersimmental.

The castle was built around the 12th or 13th century on or near the site of an earlier fortified estate. It was owned by the Freiherr von Strättligen and then the Freiherr von Weissenburg. In 1334 the town and castle were attacked and taken by Bernese troops. In 1449 Bern bought it from its current owner, the von Scharnachtal family. Under Bernese rule the castle became the center of the Niedersimmental district. During the 17th and 18th centuries the castle was expanded in several stages into its current appearance. After the 1803 Act of Mediation, the castle became the center of new Niedersimmental district. In 1967 the district administration moved into a modern office building but the district court remained in the castle. In 2010 the administrative structure of the Canton of Bern changed. The court moved from Wimmis to Thun and the castle was given to the municipality.

## Politics

In the 2011 federal election the most popular party was the Swiss People's Party (SVP) which received 42.3% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the Conservative Democratic Party (BDP) (16.8%), the Social Democratic Party (SP) (12.3%) and the Evangelical People's Party (EVP) (5.2%). In the federal election, a total of 920 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 50.2%.

## Economy

As of  2011, Wimmis had an unemployment rate of 1.88%. As of 2008, there were a total of 1,081 people employed in the municipality. Of these, there were 90 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 29 businesses involved in this sector. 683 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 40 businesses in this sector. 308 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 69 businesses in this sector. There were 1,133 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 39.0% of the workforce.

In 2008 there were a total of 948 full-time equivalent jobs. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 59, of which 55 were in agriculture and 4 were in forestry or lumber production. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 639 of which 345 or (54.0%) were in manufacturing, 77 or (12.1%) were in mining and 160 (25.0%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 250. In the tertiary sector; 86 or 34.4% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 13 or 5.2% were in the movement and storage of goods, 23 or 9.2% were in a hotel or restaurant, 7 or 2.8% were the insurance or financial industry, 20 or 8.0% were technical professionals or scientists, 34 or 13.6% were in education and 26 or 10.4% were in health care.

In 2000, there were 708 workers who commuted into the municipality and 724 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 1.0 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. A total of 409 workers (36.6% of the 1,117 total workers in the municipality) both lived and worked in Wimmis. Of the working population, 15.1% used public transportation to get to work, and 55.6% used a private car.

In 2011 the average local and cantonal tax rate on a married resident, with two children, of Wimmis making 150,000 CHF was 12.6%, while an unmarried resident's rate was 18.5%. For comparison, the average rate for the entire canton in the same year, was 14.2% and 22.0%, while the nationwide average was 12.3% and 21.1% respectively.

In 2009 there were a total of 989 tax payers in the municipality. Of that total, 272 made over 75,000 CHF per year. There were 9 people who made between 15,000 and 20,000 per year. The greatest number of workers, 304, made between 50,000 and 75,000 CHF per year. The average income of the over 75,000 CHF group in Wimmis was 102,451 CHF, while the average across all of Switzerland was 130,478 CHF.

In 2011 a total of 5.5% of the population received direct financial assistance from the government.

## Religion

From the 2000 census, 1,771 or 76.5% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church, while 211 or 9.1% were Roman Catholic. Of the rest of the population, there were 15 members of an Orthodox church (or about 0.65% of the population), there was 1 individual who belongs to the Christian Catholic Church, and there were 79 individuals (or about 3.41% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 44 (or about 1.90% of the population) who were Muslim. There were 2 individuals who belonged to another church. 110 (or about 4.75% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 81 individuals (or about 3.50% of the population) did not answer the question.

## Transport

Wimmis sits on the Spiez–Zweisimmen line and is served by trains at the Wimmis and Eifeld railway stations.

## Climate

Between 1981 and 2010 Wimmis had an average of 138.8 days of rain or snow per year and on average received 1,396 mm (55.0 in) of precipitation. The wettest month was July during which time Wimmis received an average of 167 mm (6.6 in) of rain or snow. During this month there was precipitation for an average of 12.9 days. The month with the most days of precipitation was June, with an average of 14.2, but with only 161 mm (6.3 in) of rain or snow. The driest month of the year was February with an average of 83 mm (3.3 in) of precipitation over 9.8 days.

## Education

In Wimmis about 59.8% of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 14.1% have completed additional higher education (either university or a *Fachhochschule*). Of the 199 who had completed some form of tertiary schooling listed in the census, 74.9% were Swiss men, 20.1% were Swiss women, 4.0% were non-Swiss men.

The Canton of Bern school system provides one year of non-obligatory Kindergarten, followed by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend additional schooling or they may enter an apprenticeship.

During the 2011-12 school year, there were a total of 309 students attending classes in Wimmis. There were 2 kindergarten classes with a total of 39 students in the municipality. Of the kindergarten students, 10.3% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 7.7% have a different mother language than the classroom language. The municipality had 7 primary classes and 145 students. Of the primary students, 11.7% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 10.3% have a different mother language than the classroom language. During the same year, there were 7 lower secondary classes with a total of 125 students. There were 5.6% who were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 5.6% have a different mother language than the classroom language.

As of  2000, there were a total of 231 students attending any school in the municipality. Of those, 138 both lived and attended school in the municipality, while 93 students came from another municipality. During the same year, 216 residents attended schools outside the municipality.

Wimmis is home to the *Dorfbibliothek Wimmis* library. The library has (as of 2008) 6,490 books or other media, and loaned out 16,904 items in the same year. It was open a total of 156 days with average of 8 hours per week during that year.

* Media related to Wimmis at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Wimmis | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Wimmis castle above the village | |
|  | |
| Location of Wimmis | |
| WimmisWimmis | |
| Coordinates: 46°40′N 7°38′E / 46.667°N 7.633°E / 46.667; 7.633 | |
| Country | Switzerland |
| Canton | Bern |
| District | Frutigen-Niedersimmental |
| Area | |
| Total | 22.23 km2 (8.58 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 629 m (2,064 ft) |
| Population (31 December 2018) | |
| Total | 2,538 |
| Density | 110/km2 (300/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (Central European Time) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (Central European Summer Time) |
| Postal code(s) | 3752 |
| SFOS number | 0769 |
| ISO 3166 code | CH-BE |
| Surrounded by | Aeschi bei Spiez, Diemtigen, Erlenbach im Simmental, Reichenbach im Kandertal, Reutigen, Spiez |
| Website | www.wimmis.ch
SFSO statistics |


title: William Watt (journalist)

abstract:
William "Will" Watt is a former English journalist working as Head of Football Operations at Fleetwood Town Football Club. Watt gained a master's degree at the University of Central Lancashire in Journalism before taking up the role of Digital Sports Reporter at the Lancashire Evening Post, a role he held for two years. He moved to the Blackpool Gazette in 2009, where he took the role of Digital Editor. As part of his role, he was also number two Blackpool F.C. football writer, behind Steve Canavan. In 2010 he was awarded "Digital Journalist of the Year" in the North West at the O2 Media Awards. In June 2012 he was named head Blackpool F.C. writer at the Blackpool Gazette after Steve Canavan made a lateral move. He also became part of BBC Radio Lancashire's match day coverage team, working as a summariser during live commentary of Blackpool's games. In October 2013 he was shortlisted for the O2 Media Awards' "Sports Reporter of the Year" award. Will's reporting on the decline of Blackpool FC gained national recognition and praise in 2015, with nominations for two awards in September of that month, whilst also gaining recognition on Twitter for his coverage of Blackpool FC. He was shortlisted for Sports Journalist of the Year at the O2 Media Awards and Football Journalist of the Year at the NW Football Awards. In the summer of 2016 he was approached by Fleetwood Town FC to take the role of Head of Communications at the club, six months later he was promoted to be the club's Head of First Team Operations and Communications. In 2017, under Uwe Rosler's management.
In February 2020, Will became the club's Head of Football Operations.

text:
# William Watt (journalist)

**William** "**Will**" **Watt** is a former English journalist working as Head of Football Operations at *Fleetwood Town Football Club*.

Watt gained a master's degree at the University of Central Lancashire in Journalism before taking up the role of Digital Sports Reporter at the *Lancashire Evening Post*, a role he held for two years. He moved to the *Blackpool Gazette* in 2009, where he took the role of Digital Editor. As part of his role, he was also number two Blackpool F.C. football writer, behind Steve Canavan.

In 2010 he was awarded "Digital Journalist of the Year" in the North West at the O2 Media Awards.

In June 2012 he was named head Blackpool F.C. writer at the Blackpool Gazette after Steve Canavan made a lateral move. He also became part of BBC Radio Lancashire's match day coverage team, working as a summariser during live commentary of Blackpool's games.

In October 2013 he was shortlisted for the O2 Media Awards' "Sports Reporter of the Year" award.

Will's reporting on the decline of Blackpool FC gained national recognition and praise in 2015, with nominations for two awards in September of that month, whilst also gaining recognition on Twitter for his coverage of Blackpool FC.

He was shortlisted for Sports Journalist of the Year at the O2 Media Awards and Football Journalist of the Year at the NW Football Awards.

In the summer of 2016 he was approached by Fleetwood Town FC to take the role of Head of Communications at the club, six months later he was promoted to be the club's Head of First Team Operations and Communications. In 2017, under Uwe Rosler's management. In February 2020, Will became the club's Head of Football Operations.


title: Mother Bethel A.M.E. Church

abstract: The Mother Bethel African Methodist Episcopal Church is an historic church and congregation which is located at 419 South 6th Street in Center City Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. The congregation, founded in 1794, is the oldest African Methodist Episcopal congregation in the nation. Its present church, completed in 1890, is the oldest church property in the United States to be continuously owned by African Americans. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1972.

text:
# Mother Bethel A.M.E. Church

The **Mother Bethel African Methodist Episcopal Church** is an historic church and congregation which is located at 419 South 6th Street in Center City Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. The congregation, founded in 1794, is the oldest African Methodist Episcopal congregation in the nation.

Its present church, completed in 1890, is the oldest church property in the United States to be continuously owned by African Americans. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1972.

## History of the congregation

| External videos | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Mother Bethel AME Church - Philadelphia, PA, Wanda Kaluza, 2:54 | |

The church was proposed in 1791 by members of the Free African Society of Philadelphia, including Absalom Jones, out of a desire to create a space for autonomous African-American worship and community in the city. The desire to create the church was strengthened in 1792, after African-American members of St. George's Methodist Church walked out due to racial segregation in the worship services. Mother Bethel was one of the first African-American churches in the United States, dedicated July 29, 1794, by Bishop Francis Asbury.

On October 12, 1794, Reverend Robert Blackwell announced that the congregation was received in full fellowship in the Methodist Episcopal Church.

In 1816, Rev. Richard Allen brought together other black Methodist congregations from the region to organize the new African Methodist Episcopal Church denomination. He was elected bishop of this denomination. After the American Civil War, its missionaries went to the South to help freedmen and planted many new churches in the region.

In 1838, the building was damaged during the riots that followed the destruction of Pennsylvania Hall.

Allen and his wife, Sarah Allen are both buried in the present church's crypt. The current church building was constructed in 1888–1890, and it has been designated a National Historic Landmark.

On October 25, 2009, "The Great Gathering" took place at St. George's Church in which the community of Mother Bethel AME and St. George's congregations gathered for Sunday worship at St. George's for the first time since the historic walkout. The Rev. Dr. Mark Kelly Tyler preached for this service.

## Building history

The property was acquired for the new congregation in 1794. Its first building was a frame structure originally used as a blacksmith's shop, which was hauled to the site.

This building was later replaced by frame structures in 1805 and 1841. The 1841 church was reported to have a tunnel connecting it with a nearby Quaker meetinghouse to facilitate the movements of fugitive slaves.

The present building, which was completed in 1890, is a three-story masonry structure with Romanesque styling. Its large round-arch windows are adorned with stained glass from Germany.

## Relevant literature

* Singler, John Victor. 2022. "African American language and life in the antebellum North: Philadelphia’s Mother Bethel Church." In Bettina Migge & Shelome Gooden (eds.), *Social and structural aspects of language contact and change*, 67–101. Berlin: Language Science Press. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6979331. Open access online.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Mother Bethel African Methodist Episcopal Church | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| U.S. National Historic Landmark | |
| Pennsylvania state historical marker | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | 419 S. 6th Street,<br>Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |
| Coordinates | 39°56′36″N 75°09′07″W / 39.94332°N 75.15186°W / 39.94332; -75.15186 |
| Built | 1890 |
| Architectural style | Romanesque |
| NRHP reference No. | 72001166 |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | March 16, 1972 |
| Designated PHMC | March 19, 1991 |


title: Mother Box

abstract: Mother Boxes are fictional devices in Jack Kirby's Fourth World setting in the DC Universe. The Mother Boxes appeared in the feature films Justice League and Zack Snyder's Justice League of the DC Extended Universe.

text:
# Mother Box

**Mother Boxes** are fictional devices in Jack Kirby's Fourth World setting in the DC Universe.

The Mother Boxes appeared in the feature films *Justice League* and *Zack Snyder's Justice League* of the DC Extended Universe.

## History

Created by Apokoliptian scientist Himon using the mysterious *Element X*, they are generally thought to be sentient, miniaturized, portable supercomputers, although their true nature and origins are unknown. They possess wondrous powers and abilities not understood even by their users, the gods of New Genesis. These range from teleportation (they can summon Boom Tubes) to energy manipulation, and Mother Boxes have even been seen healing the injured, including Darkseid himself, after he was beaten by Doomsday. Metron stated that each Mother Box shares "a mystical rapport with nature". They provide their owner with unconditional love and self-destruct when their owner dies.

Mother Boxes have sacrificed themselves for causes they have believed in and are greatly respected by the people of New Genesis. In physical appearance they are most often in the shape of a small box, but they can also be much larger (as is the one carried by the Forever People), and do not always need to be in the shape of a box at all (Mr. Miracle had Mother Box circuitry woven into the hood of his costume). They usually communicate with a repetitive "ping!" which can be understood by their users.

## Powers and abilities

* Mother Boxes can access the energy of the Source for various effects; they can change the gravitational constant of an area, transfer energy from one place to another, sense danger, sense life, create force fields, rearrange molecular structure of matter, absorb or project powerful shock blasts, create electro-webs, control the mental state of a host, communicate telepathically with a host or other life form, manipulate the life-force of a host to sustain it past fatal injuries, open and close boom tubes, take over and control non-sentient machines, evolve non-sentient machines, merge sentient beings into a single more powerful being, sustain a life form in a hostile environment such as space, and do many other things. Mother Boxes can be seen as a computer that links man to God.
* To the New Gods, they are common appliances (used much like a PDA or smartphone on Earth), insofar as a sentient device can be called an "appliance". Other DC characters are given access to them at specific times, when they are in need of aid. Notably, Superman was given one when he went in pursuit of Doomsday.
* Mother Boxes can only be manufactured by a being born either on New Genesis or Apokolips, and not all of them can do it (at least one on Apokolips failed). This is accomplished through much training. It is implied in the books that the maker's character influences the successful construction of a Mother Box. This quality applied to all the *Fourth World* books (*Superman's Pal, Jimmy Olsen*; *Forever People*; *New Gods*; and *Mister Miracle*) at the time of their original run by Jack Kirby. In later versions of the previously mentioned books, and in other stories where elements from the Fourth World books (such as the Mother Box) were used, other writers altered the crafting and abilities of Mother Boxes to allow for their making and usage by humans and entities from other planets (such as Superman or Batman).

## Interpretation

In a 2008 article, John Hodgman observed: "Mister Miracle, a warrior of Apokolips who flees to Earth to become a 'super escape artist', keeps a 'Mother Box' up his sleeve — a small, living computer that can enable its user to do almost anything, so long as it is sufficiently loved. In Kirby's world, all machines are totems: weapons and strange vehicles fuse technology and magic, and the Mother Box in particular uncannily anticipates the gadget fetishism that infects our lives today. The Bluetooth headset may well be a Kirby creation". Similarly, Mike Cecchini on *Den of Geek* described the Mother Box as "an alien smartphone that can do anything from heal the injured to teleport you across time and space", and Christian Holub in *Entertainment Weekly* called it "basically a smartphone, as designed by gods". Motherboxes have also been interpreted as a symbol of the "ideal mother" and an example of the role of motherhood in Jack Kirby's Fourth World stories.

## Notable users and usage

* Noted Mother Boxes include those of Mister Miracle and Shilo Norman, the Mother Box of the Forever People, which can summon the Infinity-Man, and the Mother Box used by Captain Marvel to access the magic lightning when the wizard Shazam was on New Genesis.
* When tracking Doomsday after his old foe was reborn on Apokolips, Superman was given a Mother Box by Oberon which he acquired from his connections to Mister Miracle. This Mother Box managed to open boom tubes to take Superman to Apokolips, heal Darkseid (when Superman needed his foe's aid against the Cyborg Superman) after he'd taken a serious beating from Doomsday, give Superman a power boost to battle Doomsday in the form of various high-tech weapons such as an ultrasonics gun and a laser sword, used Waverider's gauntlet to send Doomsday to the end of the universe, and healed Superman's injuries (simultaneously restoring his original clothes) at the end of the battle, although this last act drained it of power
* Orion has a Mother Box which controls his rage and bestial appearance, but it has been removed on various occasions. Once it was used by Steel as a means of blocking a telepathic probe on the planet Rann after several of the JLA were captured by the telepathic En'Tarans. When Steel was examining the Box to reprogram it for his current plan, he sensed that it had actually "wanted" to do this before, but Orion had been unable to use the Box in this manner as he was so enraged by his current capture that the Box was expending so much energy simply trying to calm him down. During the Mageddon crisis, Orion gave the Mother Box to Metron so he could confront Mageddon with his full rage and power, Metron passing the Box on to Oracle, who was able to link it to her computers, enhancing her technology so that she could telepathically connect with the minds of every person on the planet, helping to coordinate the counter-offensive against Mageddon's influence. During Walt Simonson's *Orion* series it seemingly died, and he used a unique Apokaliptian **Father Box** instead. This box communicated by going "ting!" rather than "ping!", and was designed to turn him towards Darkseid.
* Due to time travel, a Mother Box spent hundreds of years in a Japanese temple, waiting for the Forever People to reclaim it.
* Iron Man was given a Mother Box by Metron in the *JLA/Avengers* mini-series. He used it to predict the JLA's moves and had it interface with his own armor.
* In Grant Morrison's *Seven Soldiers: Mister Miracle* storyline, only one Mother Box has survived the destruction of New Genesis. It is owned by Shilo Norman, the third Mister Miracle, who sometimes calls it "motherboxxx".
* In *Blue Beetle* (vol. 4), a story-arc centered around a Mother Box and the New Gods Lonar and Metron. The Mother Box is allegedly mourning its master and teleports the user to the homeworld/trap planet of Devilance the Pursuer.
* In the *Starman* series, Ted Knight was lent a Mother Box by Orion to be incorporated, along with Kitty Faulkner's energy-detecting technology, into the spaceship his son Jack used to track down a former Starman, Will Payton. This Mother Box was destroyed along with the spaceship by missiles fired from Throneworld. A notable feature of this Mother Box was the fact Ted Knight's consciousness, memories and personality were apparently copied and served as the Box's consciousness, as well as creating a holographic image of Knight to aid Jack. Since this specific box was programmed by Orion, it was prone to violent solutions.
* In the *Injustice: Gods Among Us* comic, Ares, the God of War, is shown to have a Mother Box in his possession. This box is stolen by Harley Quinn, Hippolyta and Billy Batson while they are trapped in Tartarus. They are shown to be teleported to an unknown place (later revealed to be Apokolips where they are confronted and captured by Darkseid).

## Father Box

The Father Box is an Apokoliptian version of a Mother Box, which first appeared in the *Orion* series by Simonson in 2000. Darkseid's former aide Mortalla presents Orion with an Apokoliptian Father Box.

## In other media

### Television

* Mother Boxes frequently appear in the DC Animated Universe:
    + In *Superman: The Animated Series*, the device is shown in the episodes "Tools of the Trade", "Father's Day", "Apokolips... Now!", "Little Girl Lost", and the series finale "Legacy".
    + A Mother Box appears in the *Batman Beyond* two-part episode "The Call".
    + A Mother Box appears in the *Justice League* two-part episode "Twilight".
    + A Mother Box appears in the *Justice League Unlimited* episode "Question Authority", under the ownership of Mantis.
* Mother Boxes and Father Boxes appear in *Young Justice*. Its various uses are shown to include opening Boom Tubes, tracking New Genesis technology, summoning Infinity-Man and healing Sphere. Additionally, Halo was created after a dismantled Mother Box interacted with the corpse of Gabrielle Doau, reviving and taking control of her. In "Another Freak", Victor Stone is converted into a cyborg when his father, Silas Stone, uses a combination of Reach technology and a Father Box to save his life. However, the Box's programming remains inside him, occasionally taking control. Eventually, Halo uses her powers to permanently purge the Father Box from Victor.
* Mother Boxes appear throughout *Justice League Action*, primarily under the ownership of the New Gods. During the episode "Best Day Ever" Joker obtains one from DeSaad and uses it to break Lex Luthor out of prison.
* A Mother Box appears in the *DC Super Hero Girls* TV special "Super Hero High".
* A Mother Box appears in the *Harley Quinn* episode "Inner (Para) Demons". One was shown to be in Mister Miracle's possession before he was severely injured by Harley Quinn, who stole the Mother Box and used it to travel to Apokolips.

### Film

#### DC Extended Universe

* In *Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice*, a Mother Box appears briefly in footage that Batman obtained from Lex Luthor. The Box is the final component that transforms Victor Stone into Cyborg, thus saving his life in the process. Additionally, Steppenwolf and his Mother Boxes appear in a post-credits scene in the Ultimate Edition of the film.
* In *Justice League*, Steppenwolf is in search of three Mother Boxes hidden away on Earth. Two are located in Themyscira and Atlantis, while the third is the one that had been seen in *Batman v Superman* and was used to activate Cyborg. Previously, Steppenwolf had used the Boxes in his original invasion of Earth, intending to use them to terraform the planet before being driven off by the combined force of the Olympian Gods, Atlanteans, Amazons, humans, and Yalan Gur of the Green Lantern Corps. After the war, the boxes were left on Earth, and the Amazons, Atlanteans, and humans each took custody of one of them. When all three boxes awaken after years of dormancy, Steppenwolf returns seeking to use them to finish what he had started. Eventually, after the Justice League defeat Steppenwolf, the first two boxes are each returned to their respective custodies, while Silas Stone begins researching the third box with his son to explore the extent of its powers.
* *Zack Snyder's Justice League* depicts the Mother Boxes generally the same as in the theatrical version. After a failed invasion of Earth by Darkseid thousands of years ago, the Mother Boxes are separated and hidden away as in the theatrical release. The Amazonian Mother Box "awakens" upon Superman's death at the end of *Batman v Superman*, and alerts Steppenwolf to its location. He escapes with it after a short battle with the Amazonians and proceeds to search for the other two by capturing and interrogating Atlanteans and S.T.A.R. Labs scientists. Steppenwolf seizes the Atlantean Mother Box after a fight with Aquaman and Mera. The protagonists resurrect Superman with the third Mother Box, and Steppenwolf is able to claim it after an amnesiac Superman attacks the other superheroes. The superheroes are able to locate Steppenwolf's fortress in Russia thanks to Silas Stone's self-sacrifice which allows them to detect the third Mother Box's location. They launch an attack on the fortress so Cyborg can interface with the Boxes and prevent the Unity. After they fail and Earth is destroyed, the Flash travels back in time to enable Cyborg to successfully deactivate the Boxes, preventing the Unity and defeating Steppenwolf, who is subsequently killed through the combined efforts of Aquaman, Superman, and Wonder Woman. In the aftermath, DeSaad informs Darkseid that the Mother Boxes are now destroyed, forcing Darkseid to conquer Earth using "the old ways", through military conquest.
* In the Blu-Ray release of *Wonder Woman*, the epilogue *Etta's Mission* is included as an additional detailing of the events that transpired after the events of the film's story. Etta Candy's titular mission involves her, Diana Prince, and Steve Trevor retrieving one of the three Mother Boxes.

#### Animation

* Two Mother Boxes appear in *Superman/Batman: Apocalypse*.
* Numerous Mother Boxes appear in *Justice League: War*, being used to transport Parademons to Earth. When the Mother Boxes were activated, one of them was in Victor Stone's possession and badly wounded him, leading to his transformation into Cyborg. His newfound cybernetics gave him an intimate link to machinery that allowed him to communicate with Mother Boxes. Ultimately, he uses several Boom Tubes to repel the Apokoliptian invasion forces.
* In *Reign of the Supermen*, Lex Luthor uses the Mother Box to free the Justice League, who were imprisoned in another dimension, and help Steel and Superboy defeat the drones.

### Video games

* A Mother Box is central in the plot of *Justice League Heroes* as it is coveted by Brainiac and used as a way to transform Earth into a "New Apokolips" by Darkseid.
* In *Injustice 2*, Mother Boxes serve as the game's loot box rewards system, offering differing rewards depending on the rarity. Additionally, Cyborg utilizes them in gameplay to create drones that can target the opponent from multiple directions.
* In *Lego DC Super-Villains*, a Mother Box is stolen from Wayne Tech and owned by Harley Quinn, who names it "Boxy". It is also revealed that the Mother Box contains the last piece of the Anti-Life Equation, which is then absorbed by the Rookie.

## InfoBox

| Mother Box | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Publication information | |
| Publisher | DC Comics |
| First appearance | *The Forever People* #1 (March 1971) |
| Created by | Jack Kirby |
| In story information | |
| Type | Computer, Technology |
| Element of stories featuring | New Gods |


title: Morokro

abstract: Morokro is a town in southern Ivory Coast. It is a sub-prefecture of Tiassalé Department in Agnéby-Tiassa Region, Lagunes District. Morokro was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1126 communes nationwide that were abolished. In 2021, the population of the sub-prefecture of Morokro was 55,636.

text:
# Morokro

**Morokro** is a town in southern Ivory Coast. It is a sub-prefecture of Tiassalé Department in Agnéby-Tiassa Region, Lagunes District.

Morokro was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1126 communes nationwide that were abolished.

In 2021, the population of the sub-prefecture of Morokro was 55,636.

## Villages

The 15 villages of the sub-prefecture of Morokro and their population in 2014 are:

1. Adomkro (1,356)
2. Affikro (259)
3. Affounvassou (2,075)
4. Ahiroa (3,587)
5. Amanikro (1,809)
6. Diallokro (2,551)
7. Djahakro (1,381)
8. Ehouman Koffikro (797)
9. Kassasso (340)
10. Kondiébouma (5,301)
11. Koyékro (5,507)
12. Kravasso (1,713)
13. Moofoué (1,546)
14. Morokro (4,675)
15. Trochu (2,893)

## InfoBox

| Morokro | |
| --- | --- |
| Town and sub-prefecture | |
| MorokroLocation in Ivory Coast | |
| Coordinates: 6°5′N 4°42′W / 6.083°N 4.700°W / 6.083; -4.700 | |
| Country | Ivory Coast |
| District | Lagunes |
| Region | Agnéby-Tiassa |
| Department | Tiassalé |
| Area | |
| Total | 936 km2 (361 sq mi) |
| Population (2021 census) | |
| Total | 55,636 |
| Density | 59/km2 (150/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+0 (GMT) |


title: Morris Simmonds

abstract: Morris Simmonds was a German physician and pathologist. He was born in St. Thomas, then part of the Danish West Indies. In 1861 he emigrated with his family to Hamburg, which was then an independent city. In 1879 he received his doctorate from the University of Kiel, where he worked as an assistant to Arnold Ludwig Gotthilf Heller and Friedrich von Esmarch. In 1889 he began work as a prosector at St. Georg Hospital in Hamburg and in 1909 attained the title of professor. In 1919 he was named an honorary professor at the newly established University of Hamburg. His special field of interest was the endocrine glands. His name is associated with "Simmonds' disease", defined as a form of hypopituitarism in which all pituitary secretions are lacking. In 1914 he was the first to describe the diseases' clinical features that were associated with destruction of the anterior lobe.

text:
# Morris Simmonds

**Morris Simmonds** (14 January 1855, St. Thomas  4 September 1925, Hamburg) was a German physician and pathologist. He was born in St. Thomas, then part of the Danish West Indies (now the United States Virgin Islands). In 1861 he emigrated with his family to Hamburg, which was then an independent city.

In 1879 he received his doctorate from the University of Kiel, where he worked as an assistant to Arnold Ludwig Gotthilf Heller and Friedrich von Esmarch. In 1889 he began work as a prosector at St. Georg Hospital in Hamburg and in 1909 attained the title of professor. In 1919 he was named an honorary professor at the newly established University of Hamburg.

His special field of interest was the endocrine glands. His name is associated with "Simmonds' disease", defined as a form of hypopituitarism in which all pituitary secretions are lacking. In 1914 he was the first to describe the diseases' clinical features that were associated with destruction of the anterior lobe.

## Selected works

* *Die ätiologische Bedeutung des Typhus-Bacillus. Untersuchungen aus dem allgemeinen Krankenhause zu Hamburg* (with Eugen Fraenkel), Hamburg 1886  The etiological significance of typhoid bacillus.
* *Über Form und Lage des Magens unter normalen und abnormen Bedingungen*. Jena, 1907.
* *Ueber Hypophysisschwund mit tödlichem Ausgang*. In: *Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift*, vol. 40, No. 7 \[= 12 February 1914\], Berlin 1914, pp. 322–323.


title: Morris Silverman

abstract: Morris Silverman (1894–1972) was a Conservative rabbi as well as a writer.

text:
# Morris Silverman

**Morris Silverman** (1894–1972) was a Conservative rabbi as well as a writer.

## Biography

Silverman was born on November 19, 1894, in Newburgh, New York, the son of Lena (Friedland) and Simon Silverman, who were Russian Jewish immigrants. He edited the *High Holiday Prayer Book*, popularly known as the "Silverman Machzor" in 1939 which became the official prayer book for Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur for the United Synagogue of America of the Conservative Movement for over half a century. He published it through his publishing company, Prayer Book Press, now \[when?\] a subsidiary of Media Judaica.

Silverman edited the *Sabbath and Festival Prayer Book*, which was the official prayer book for the Conservative movement until the late 1980s.

Silverman's primary literary output was liturgical books, many of which he co-wrote with his son, Rabbi Hillel E. Silverman, including Siddurenu, a prayer book for school children, a prayer book for summer camps, a haggadah for the Passover Seder.

Silverman was the long-time Rabbi of The Emanuel Synagogue, a Conservative synagogue in West Hartford, Connecticut.

He came from a family of clergy and writers. His wife, Althea H. (Osber), wrote many children's books and his son Rabbi Hillel continues to write Judaic books. His grandson is actor Jonathan Silverman. His great-nephew, Richard Sillman, was the youngest (among the first) cable TV directors in the United States.

## Awards

Silverman was a 1953 recipient of the George Washington Honor Medal from Freedoms Foundation at Valley Forge for Editorial.


title: William W. Crapo

abstract: William Wallace Crapo was a member of the United States House of Representatives from Massachusetts. He was elected to fill the vacancy caused by the death of James Buffinton. He served slightly more than three terms in congress from November 2, 1875 to March 3, 1883 Born in Dartmouth, Massachusetts, died in New Bedford, Massachusetts. Crapo is interred in the Rural Cemetery. He was a prominent attorney in New Bedford. Among his clients was Hetty Green. William Wallace Crapo was a brother of the Alpha Delta Phi fraternity in his undergraduate years at Yale University. He graduated in 1852 and was a member of Skull and Bones. On April 15, 1851, Crapo visited Brown University, on which date he is credited with initiating 17 members of the provisional chapter there, re-activating the ten-years-dormant Brunonian Chapter. In 1903, Crapo was a founding member and first president of the Old Dartmouth Historical Society, governing body of the New Bedford Whaling Museum.

text:
# William W. Crapo

**William Wallace Crapo** (May 16, 1830 – February 28, 1926) was a member of the United States House of Representatives from Massachusetts. He was elected to fill the vacancy caused by the death of James Buffinton. He served slightly more than three terms in congress from November 2, 1875 to March 3, 1883

Born in Dartmouth, Massachusetts, died in New Bedford, Massachusetts. Crapo is interred in the Rural Cemetery. He was a prominent attorney in New Bedford. Among his clients was Hetty Green.

William Wallace Crapo was a brother of the Alpha Delta Phi fraternity in his undergraduate years at Yale University. He graduated in 1852 and was a member of Skull and Bones. On April 15, 1851, Crapo visited Brown University, on which date he is credited with initiating 17 members of the provisional chapter there, re-activating the ten-years-dormant Brunonian Chapter.

In 1903, Crapo (pronounced cray-poe) was a founding member and first president of the Old Dartmouth Historical Society, governing body of the New Bedford Whaling Museum.

## Personal life

Crapo was the son of Governor of Michigan Henry H. Crapo (1804–1869), who also served as the mayor of Flint, Michigan and in the Michigan State Senate. His mother, Mary Ann (Slocum) Crapo (1805–1875), was a descendant of William Hutchinson (Rhode Island judge) and his wife Anne Hutchinson, daughter of Francis Marbury. His second cousin, three times removed is Mike Crapo, who served as a United States representative from Idaho 1993-1999 and has served as a United States senator from Idaho since 1999. His nephew was William C. Durant, co-founder of General Motors.

Crapo married Sarah Ann Davis Tappan (October 6, 1831 in Newburyport, MA-December 13, 1893 in New Bedford, MA) on January 20, 1857 in New Bedford. They had four children:

* Henry Howland Crapo II (January 5, 1862 in New Bedford, MA-November 26, 1951 in Leesburg, FL)
* George Tappan Crapo (March 16, 1864 in New Bedford, MA-September 12, 1865 in New Bedford, MA)
* Stanford Tappan Crapo (June 13, 1865 in New Bedford, MA-January 26, 1939 in Tryon, NC); married Emma Caroline Morley (January 6, 1872 in Fort Scott, KS-November 27, 1937 in Detroit, MI) on October 10, 1894 in Painesville, OH
    + William Wallace Crapo II (1895–1991)
    + Catherine Tappan Crapo (1897–1977); married Capt. John Morgan Bullard, US Army (1890–1965)
        - Dr. John Crapo Bullard (1921–2002); married Katherine G. Kilburn (1922–2005)
            * John Kilburn Bullard (1947-; served as Mayor of New Bedford, Massachusetts from 1986 to 1992
        - Sarah Bullard (1924–1942)
    + Mary Morley Crapo (1912–2003); married 1st Donald Frizell Hyde (1909–1966); married 2nd David Eccles, 1st Viscount Eccles
        - Anne Howland Hyde (1941–1941)
* Anna Almy Crapo (November 20, 1866 in New Bedford, MA-April 27, 1867 in New Bedford, MA)

1. The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in Congress, p. 128-134.
2. "OBITUARY RECORD OF YALE GRADUATES 1925-1926" (PDF). Yale University. August 1, 1926. Retrieved March 26, 2011.
3. "Mary Hyde Is Wed to Viscount Eccles". *The New York Times*. 27 September 1984. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
*
* United States Congress. "William W. Crapo (id: C000881)". *Biographical Directory of the United States Congress*.
* Headley, Phineas Camp: *Public men of to-day: being biographies of the President and Vice-President of the United States, each member of the Cabinet, the United States Senators and the members of the House of Representatives of the Forty-Seventh Congress, the Chief Justice and justices of the Supreme Court of the United States*., page 345 (1882).

## InfoBox

| William Wallace Crapo | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Massachusetts's 1st district | |
| **In office**
November 2, 1875 – March 3, 1883 | |
| Preceded by | James Buffinton |
| Succeeded by | Robert T. Davis |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1830-05-16)May 16, 1830
Dartmouth, Massachusetts |
| Died | February 28, 1926(1926-02-28) (aged 95)
New Bedford, Massachusetts |
| Political party | Republican |
| Alma mater | Yale University
Dane Law School |
| Profession | Attorney |
|  | |


title: William Wilson (cricketer, born 1912)

abstract: William Wilson was an Australian cricketer. He played one first-class cricket match for Victoria in 1936.

text:
# William Wilson (cricketer, born 1912)

**William Wilson** (born c. 1912, date of death unknown) was an Australian cricketer. He played one first-class cricket match for Victoria in 1936.

## InfoBox

William Wilson
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | c. 1912<br>Mildura, Victoria, Australia |
| Domestic team information | |
| Years | Team |
| 1936 | Victoria |
|  | |
| Source: Cricinfo, 22 November 2015 | |


title: Morropón District

abstract: Morropón District is one of ten districts of the province Morropón in Peru.

text:
# Morropón District

**Morropón District** is one of ten districts of the province Morropón in Peru.

## Climate

| Climate data for Morropón, elevation 128 m (420 ft), (1991–2020) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 33.3
(91.9) | 32.9
(91.2) | 32.8
(91.0) | 32.4
(90.3) | 31.3
(88.3) | 30.1
(86.2) | 30.0
(86.0) | 31.0
(87.8) | 32.3
(90.1) | 32.5
(90.5) | 32.9
(91.2) | 33.2
(91.8) | 32.1
(89.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 21.8
(71.2) | 22.7
(72.9) | 22.5
(72.5) | 21.3
(70.3) | 19.6
(67.3) | 17.9
(64.2) | 16.8
(62.2) | 16.5
(61.7) | 16.7
(62.1) | 17.3
(63.1) | 18.2
(64.8) | 20.0
(68.0) | 19.3
(66.7) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 38.9
(1.53) | 142.5
(5.61) | 181.9
(7.16) | 58.9
(2.32) | 5.5
(0.22) | 0.7
(0.03) | 0.1
(0.00) | 0.0
(0.0) | 0.2
(0.01) | 2.7
(0.11) | 2.6
(0.10) | 12.8
(0.50) | 446.8
(17.59) |
| Source: National Meteorology and Hydrology Service of Peru | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

5°11′03″S 79°58′18″W / 5.1843°S 79.9717°W / -5.1843; -79.9717

## InfoBox

| Morropón | |
| --- | --- |
| District | |
| Country | Peru |
| Region | Piura |
| Province | Morropón |
| Founded | January 2, 1857 |
| Capital | Morropón |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Modesto Duberli Lopez Escalona |
| Area | |
| Total | 169.96 km2 (65.62 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 131 m (430 ft) |
| Population (2005 census) | |
| Total | 14,729 |
| Density | 87/km2 (220/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (PET) |
| UBIGEO | 200405 |


title: Windsor Light Music Theatre

abstract: Windsor Light Music Theatre is an amateur musical theatre company based in Windsor, Ontario presenting musical theatre to the Windsor-Essex County area. It was founded by John H. L. Watson in 1948 and since 1949 has presented two productions per year. The company originally performed at the Walkerville Collegiate Institute. Its performance base is now St. Clair College's Chrysler Theatre in downtown Windsor.

text:
# Windsor Light Music Theatre

**Windsor Light Music Theatre** (formerly named the **Windsor Light Opera Association**) is an amateur musical theatre company based in Windsor, Ontario presenting musical theatre to the Windsor-Essex County area. It was founded by John H. L. Watson in 1948 and since 1949 has presented two productions per year.

The company originally performed at the Walkerville Collegiate Institute. Its performance base is now St. Clair College's Chrysler Theatre in downtown Windsor.


title: Morten Soubak

abstract: Morten Soubak is a Danish handball coach for Primeiro de Agosto and the Angola women's national team. He coached the Brazilian national team between 2009 and 2016 and lead them to a historic title at the 2013 World Women's Handball Championship.

text:
# Morten Soubak

**Morten Soubak** (born 6 August 1964 in Fodby) is a Danish handball coach for Primeiro de Agosto and the Angola women's national team. He coached the Brazilian national team between 2009 and 2016 and lead them to a historic title at the 2013 World Women's Handball Championship.

## Biography

Soubak hails from Fodby, a small village west of Næstved. During his childhood, he became a fan of both association football, particularly the Brazilian team and its star Pelé, and handball, a sport he took up playing. In college, he studied to coach both sports, and soon after graduating, Soubak begun coaching child and junior teams simultaneously to volunteer work for the Red Cross. Denmark had received many refugees of the Yugoslav wars, and Soubak organized sports activities for the expatriates, while also providing language classes and directing them to local clubs. His first coaching job happened in 1994 for Virum-Sorgenfri.

As a Danish female team had recently visited Brazil, in 1993 Soubak decided to visit the South American country in search of local contacts, despite not knowing neither Portuguese nor even Spanish. This came to help him in 1995, as Soubak worked in the junior teams of FCK Håndbold and met a Brazilian coach (Eduardo Henrique de Macedo) who was studying the Danish handball. Said coach brought Soubak to manage a team in Osasco, but the Dane only remained there for six months dissatisfied with the lack of infrastructure and resources. Upon his return to Denmark, Soubak coached both Virum-Sorgenfri and GOG without much success. Afterwards Soubak earned national recognition as a handball commenter for TV2, between 2000 and 2005. In the meantime, he coached the women's teams of GOG and FCK - the latter featuring Brazilian goalkeeper Chana Masson \- and the Denmark men's national youth handball team.

Eventually Soubak returned to Brazil in 2005 to coach the male team of Esporte Clube Pinheiros. Winning many titles in three years, Soubak attracted the interest of the Brazilian Handball Confederation (CBHB), who invited him to manage the women's national team. Since taking over the team in 2009, Soubak lead the Brazilians to their most successful period, winning both the 2013 World Women's Handball Championship and the 2011 Pan American Games, and reaching the quarterfinals of the 2011 World Championship and the 2012 Olympics. Between 2013 and 2014, Soubak lived in Austria to coach Hypo Niederösterreich, which hosted many of the players of his Brazilian national team due to a partnership with CBHB. Soubak is married to a Brazilian woman, with whom he has a daughter.

In 2017, Soubak signed a one-year deal with Angolan women's club Primeiro de Agosto.


title: William de Ramsey

abstract: William de Ramsey was an English Gothic master mason and architect who worked on and likely designed the two earliest buildings of the Perpendicular style of Gothic architecture. William Ramsey was likely an inventor of the Perpendicular style which was to dominate Gothic architecture in England for three centuries "and, if so, he was one of the most influential architects England has ever produced". The son of John de Ramsey, Master of Works at Norwich Cathedral and probable builder at Ely Cathedral (1324–30), William Ramsey began his career in the 1320s, working with his father on the cloisters at Norwich and probably on the chapel above the St Ethelbert's Gate to the cathedral close. In 1323 he was working on St Stephen's Chapel at the old Palace of Westminster. He was also a consultant at Norwich's Cathedral between 1326 and 1331. In 1332 he designed the chapter house at Old St Paul's Cathedral in London. In 1337 he was consulted on the design of the presbytery of Lichfield Cathedral and was charged with supervising building at Stephen's Chapel the same year. The chapter house at St Paul's and St Stephen's in Westminster are known from existing fragments and contemporary illustrations to have been in Perpendicular style, the first buildings to have been built this way. In 1335 he was one of four commissioners responsible for a report on the Tower of London. The following year, he was made Chief Mason of the Tower and Chief Surveyor of the King's Works there and for all castles south of the River Trent, a lifetime appointment. The great hall and other parts of Penshurst Place (1341–48) were likely his work. William de Ramsey was a scion of the de Ramsey family of master masons whose work, according to John Harvey, can be found at Ramsey Abbey, Norwich Cathedral, Ely Cathedral, and possibly also in Paris. Ramsey died of plague in 1349, during the Black Death. William Ramsey's daughter, Agnes Ramsey, carried on his workshop after his death.

text:
# William de Ramsey

**William de Ramsey** (fl. 1323 – died 1349) was an English Gothic master mason and architect who worked on and likely designed the two earliest buildings of the Perpendicular style of Gothic architecture. William Ramsey was likely an inventor of the Perpendicular style which was to dominate Gothic architecture in England for three centuries "and, if so, he was one of the most influential architects England has ever produced".

The son of John de Ramsey, Master of Works at Norwich Cathedral and probable builder at Ely Cathedral (1324–30), William Ramsey began his career in the 1320s, working with his father on the cloisters at Norwich and probably on the chapel above the St Ethelbert's Gate to the cathedral close. In 1323 he was working on St Stephen's Chapel (since destroyed) at the old Palace of Westminster. He was also a consultant ('Visiting Master') at Norwich's Cathedral between 1326 and 1331. In 1332 he designed the chapter house (since destroyed) at Old St Paul's Cathedral in London. In 1337 he was consulted on the design of the presbytery of Lichfield Cathedral and was charged with supervising building at Stephen's Chapel the same year. The chapter house at St Paul's and St Stephen's in Westminster are known from existing fragments and contemporary illustrations to have been in Perpendicular style, the first buildings to have been built this way.

In 1335 he was one of four commissioners responsible for a report on the Tower of London. The following year, he was made Chief Mason of the Tower and Chief Surveyor of the King's Works there and for all castles south of the River Trent, a lifetime appointment. The great hall and other parts of Penshurst Place (1341–48) were likely his work.

William de Ramsey was a scion of the de Ramsey family of master masons whose work, according to John Harvey, can be found at Ramsey Abbey, Norwich Cathedral, Ely Cathedral, and possibly also in Paris. Ramsey died of plague in 1349, during the Black Death. William Ramsey's daughter, Agnes Ramsey, carried on his workshop after his death.

## Bibliography

* "William de Ramsey". *encyclopedia.com*. Retrieved 29 October 2009.
* Harvey, John (1946). *Henry Yevele: The Life of an English Architect*. London: B.T. Batsford.


title: Mott Mill

abstract: Mott Mill is a historic cotton mill and silk mill located at Yonkers, Westchester County, New York. The property includes an 1852 stone mill building with a reinforced concrete addition dated to 1906. The rectangular mill building is a four-story, three bay utilitarian gray fieldstone structure with segmented arched windows. The reinforced concrete addition is four stories high and measures 237 feet wide and 73 feet deep. It was used as a mill and carpet factory until the 1930s when it became home to the Cleanart Laundry Co. The complex was converted into housing for the elderly in the early 2000s. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.

text:
# Mott Mill

**Mott Mill** is a historic cotton mill and silk mill located at Yonkers, Westchester County, New York. The property includes an 1852 stone mill building with a reinforced concrete addition dated to 1906. The rectangular mill building is a four-story, three bay utilitarian gray fieldstone structure with segmented arched windows. The reinforced concrete addition is four stories high and measures 237 feet wide and 73 feet deep. It was used as a mill and carpet factory until the 1930s when it became home to the Cleanart Laundry Co. The complex was converted into housing for the elderly in the early 2000s.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Mott Mill | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| Mott Mill, May 2012 | |
|  | |
| Location | 11-23 St. Casimir Ave., Yonkers, New York |
| Coordinates | 40°56′5″N 73°53′37″W / 40.93472°N 73.89361°W / 40.93472; -73.89361 |
| Area | 1.5 acres (0.61 ha) |
| Built | 1852 |
| Architect | Mott, William P.; Ferro Concrete Company |
| Architectural style | Industrial |
| NRHP reference No. | 03001519 |
| Added to NRHP | January 28, 2004 |


title: Mount Shinten

abstract: Mount Shinten is a mountain located on Kuba-jima of Senkaku Islands in Ishigaki, Okinawa, Japan. It is the second highest point of the island, after Mount Chitose.

text:
# Mount Shinten

**Mount Shinten** (信天山, *Shinten-yama*) is a mountain located on Kuba-jima of Senkaku Islands in Ishigaki, Okinawa, Japan. It is the second highest point of the island, after Mount Chitose.

## InfoBox

| Mount Shinten | |
| --- | --- |
| 信天山 | |
| Mount Shinten on Kuba-jima | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 105 m (344 ft) |
| Coordinates | 25°55′31.5″N 123°40′57.5″E / 25.925417°N 123.682639°E / 25.925417; 123.682639 |
| Geography | |
| Mount ShintenIshigaki, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan | |


title: Winterswijk railway station

abstract: Winterswijk is a railway station in Winterswijk, Netherlands. The station opened on 24 June 1878 and is located on the Zutphen–Winterswijk railway and the Winterswijk–Zevenaar railway. The train services are operated by Arriva. The station used to be an important point where freight trains would go into Germany. There used to be lines going in 5 directions: Arnhem, Zutphen, Bocholt (Germany), Borken (Germany) and Neede. Today there are 3 buses to Germany, otherwise passengers have to travel to Arnhem, Hengelo or Enschede.

text:
# Winterswijk railway station

**Winterswijk** is a railway station in Winterswijk, Netherlands. The station opened on 24 June 1878 and is located on the Zutphen–Winterswijk railway and the Winterswijk–Zevenaar railway. The train services are operated by Arriva.

The station used to be an important point where freight trains would go into Germany. There used to be lines going in 5 directions: Arnhem, Zutphen, Bocholt (Germany), Borken (Germany) and Neede. Today there are 3 buses to Germany, otherwise passengers have to travel to Arnhem, Hengelo or Enschede.

## Train services

| Route | Service type | Operator | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Zutphen - Winterswijk | Local ("Sprinter") | Arriva | 2x per hour (only 1x per hour after 20:00, on Saturday mornings and Sundays) |
| Arnhem - Doetinchem - Winterswijk | Local ("Sprinter") | Arriva | 2x per hour (only 1x per hour after 20:00, on Saturday mornings and Sundays) |

### Bus services

| Line | Route | Operator | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 73 | Winterswijk - Meddo - Groenlo - Eibergen - Haaksbergen - Enschede | Arriva | Only runs part of the evening and not on Sundays. On evenings and Saturdays, it only operates between Winterswijk and Groenlo. |
| B7 | (Winterswijk -) Oeding - Südlohn - Stadtlohn (Germany) | RVM | Runs approx. every two hours, but only 6 (3 per direction) buses run through to Winterswijk. Not on evenings and weekends. |
| R71 | Winterswijk - Gaxel - Vreden (Germany) | RVM | Not on evenings and Sundays. |
| T10 | Winterswijk - Barlo (Germany) | RVM | This bus only operates if called one hour before its supposed departure ("belbus"). Doesn't run in the AM rush hours and only 3x a day on Saturdays. Not on Sundays. |
| T55 | Winterswijk - Oeding (Germany) | RVM | This bus only operates if called one hour before its supposed departure ("belbus"). Only runs on Saturdays. |

## InfoBox

| Winterswijk | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Location | Netherlands |
| Coordinates | 51°58′03″N 6°42′56″E / 51.96750°N 6.71556°E / 51.96750; 6.71556 |
| Line(s) | Zutphen–Winterswijk railway<br>Winterswijk–Zevenaar railway |
| History | |
| Opened | 1878 |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station Arriva Following station  Winterswijk Westtowards Zutphen  Stoptrein 30800  *Terminus*  Aaltentowards Arnhem Centraal  Stoptrein 30900 | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location  WinterswijkLocation within Netherlands | |