title: Marquette Interchange

abstract: The Marquette Interchange is a major freeway interchange in downtown Milwaukee, Wisconsin, located near Marquette University where Interstate 43, I-94, and I-794 meet. Originally built in the 1960s, the interchange underwent a total rebuild between 2004 and 2008, and was officially opened on August 19, 2008, after what was at the time the largest construction project in state history. During the early 2000s, U.S. Highway 41 (US 41) had followed I-94 through the interchange. This had changed when I-41 was designated in the Milwaukee area. US 41 now follows I-41 through the Zoo Interchange instead.

text:
# Marquette Interchange

The **Marquette Interchange** is a major freeway interchange in downtown Milwaukee, Wisconsin, located near Marquette University where Interstate 43 (I-43, North–South Freeway), I-94 (North–South Freeway and East–West Freeway), and I-794 (Lake Freeway) meet. Originally built in the 1960s, the interchange underwent a total rebuild between 2004 and 2008, and was officially opened on August 19, 2008, after what was at the time the largest construction project in state history. During the early 2000s, U.S. Highway 41 (US 41) had followed I-94 through the interchange. This had changed when I-41 was designated in the Milwaukee area. US 41 now follows I-41 through the Zoo Interchange instead.

## History

The history of the Marquette Interchange, originally called the Central Interchange, stretches back more than half a century. The idea of a north–south freeway with an interchange in downtown Milwaukee was first proposed in 1952 for an area south and east of Marquette University. An artist's sketch in a local newspaper in October 1952 provided a first glimpse of the future.

The following year, the Milwaukee County Expressway Commission was created by state law to plan, design, construct and maintain a freeway system in Milwaukee County. Land acquisition soon began. In 1955, the Milwaukee County Board adopted *A General Plan of Expressways for Milwaukee County*, which included a downtown interchange near the present location of the Marquette Interchange.

All of this activity in Milwaukee was in no way unique. Many cities across the United States were drawing up plans for new freeways during the mid-1950s. Nationally, there were big plans, too. In 1956, President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed the Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956, creating the United States' modern Interstate Highway System.

Preliminary design on the Marquette Interchange began in 1956, and final design began in 1960. In 1964, construction began, and so did a difficult balancing act. For the next 4+12 years, traffic flow on city streets had to be maintained while new expressways and the new interchange were built in their midst. Bypasses and temporary street connections were used extensively to route heavy volumes of traffic around construction areas. Between 1964 and 1968, 21 construction contracts totaling over $33 million were awarded. The Marquette Interchange was dedicated and opened to traffic on December 23, 1968.

The interchange was, and still is in its rebuilt form, one of downtown Milwaukee's most prominent features. The Marquette Interchange has no affiliation with Marquette University, to which it is adjacent. Marquette University officials like to joke about how the university receives complaints from disgruntled motorists who erroneously believe the interchange is owned by the university.

By the 2000s, the interchange was experiencing severe deterioration and traffic problems due to major design flaws, including poorly designed left exits and vehicles having to weave across travel lanes to reach exit ramps, causing accidents and bottlenecks.

### The new interchange

The junction underwent a complete reconstruction dubbed the **Marquette Interchange Project** between 2004 and 2008, and was officially opened on August 19, 2008, several weeks ahead of schedule. The construction came in at $190 million below its $1 billion budget. The project involved 46 cranes and more than 4,000 workers in what was at the time the largest construction project in state history.

The project rebuilt the viaduct section of I-794 between the interchange and the Milwaukee River, I-43 from the interchange to North Avenue (including the bridges carrying city streets that spanned the freeway), the Hillside Interchange that connected I-43 to Highway 145, and I-94 from the interchange to 26th Street (including rebuilding the north end of the 16th Street Viaduct, officially known as the James E. Groppi Unity Bridge). The project also demolished the Milwaukee County Courthouse Annex parking structure that stood over the northbound lanes of I-43 just north of the interchange. The interchange reconstruction also re-configured the stubbed Park Freeway to an arterial street design, with the freed up land eventually leading to the redevelopment of the Haymarket neighborhood, and the construction of the Fiserv Forum arena.

The new Marquette Interchange occupies the same approximately 75 acres of downtown land as the old interchange system, with some adjustments. Design features include:

* Two lane ramps in all directions
* More gradual curves on ramps, with longer sight distances
* More distance between ramps, to eliminate traffic conflicts from lane changes, which was accommodated by rebuilding the roads a half-mile from the interchange
* Elimination of all left-hand entrances and exits
* Design features allow for future expansion in all directions to eight lanes

## InfoBox

| Marquette Interchange | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Milwaukee, Wisconsin | |
| Coordinates | 43°02′11″N 87°55′29″W / 43.036252°N 87.924726°W / 43.036252; -87.924726 |
| Roads at<br>junction |  |
| Construction | |
| Type | Hybrid |
| Constructed | 1956 (1956) |
| Maintained by | WisDOT |


title: Martin White (politician)

abstract: James Martin White was a wealthy Scottish businessman and Liberal Party politician. He also took a keen interest in the establishment of the scientific study of sociology in association with his boyhood friend Patrick Geddes and was an enthusiastic supporter of the development of the pipe organ. White was born in New York City, the son of wealthy jute merchant James Farquhar White and his wife Elizabeth Grundy. White Sr. had, in 1849, established a 'dry goods' company, J F White & Co. in New York selling a variety of imported and domestic textiles. However, with the onset of the American Civil War he had returned home to Scotland and leased Castle Huntly, Perthshire as the family home. In 1880 they bought and moved to a baronial castle at Balruddery, Angus, near the city of Dundee. He ran his family business from Dundee and New York, but took a back seat to pursue political and scientific interests. J Martin White studied engineering at Cassel in Germany and was very interested in the technological innovations of his time, becoming chairman of the Dundee Technical Institute. He was a keen photographer and had his own darkroom from the late 1870s. In April 1881 he and his father, James F White, installed electricity at their house, Balruddery by Longforgan, outside Dundee. They generated the electricity with a Siemens SDJ Shuntwound 50-volt dynamo driven by a turbine on a stream on the estate and thus established probably the first domestic generating plant in Scotland and the second, after Cragside, in Britain. Martin White was also a collector and connoisseur of Japanese art.

text:
# Martin White (politician)

**James Martin White** (usually known to as **Martin White** or **J. Martin White**) (1858 – 7 July 1928) was a wealthy Scottish businessman and Liberal Party politician. He also took a keen interest in the establishment of the scientific study of sociology in association with his boyhood friend Patrick Geddes and was an enthusiastic supporter of the development of the pipe organ.

White was born in New York City, the son of wealthy jute merchant James Farquhar White and his wife Elizabeth Grundy. White Sr. had, in 1849, established a 'dry goods' company, J F White & Co. in New York selling a variety of imported and domestic textiles. However, with the onset of the American Civil War he had returned home to Scotland and leased Castle Huntly, Perthshire as the family home. In 1880 they bought and moved to a baronial castle at Balruddery, Angus, near the city of Dundee. He ran his family business from Dundee and New York, but took a back seat to pursue political and scientific interests.

J Martin White studied engineering at Cassel in Germany and was very interested in the technological innovations of his time, becoming chairman of the Dundee Technical Institute. He was a keen photographer and had his own darkroom from the late 1870s. In April 1881 he and his father, James F White, installed electricity at their house, Balruddery by Longforgan, outside Dundee. They generated the electricity with a Siemens SDJ Shuntwound 50-volt dynamo driven by a turbine on a stream on the estate and thus established probably the first domestic generating plant in Scotland and the second, after Cragside, in Britain. Martin White was also a collector and connoisseur of Japanese art.

## Parliamentary career

By the 1890s White had become increasingly wealthy through the family business, J F White & Co.

He first stood for Parliament at the 1892 general election, when he unsuccessfully contested St Andrews Burghs. When the Liberal member of parliament for Forfarshire, Sir John Rigby was appointed a Lord Justice of Appeal in 1894, it was expected that White would be the party's candidate at the ensuing by-election. However, a London-based stock-broker, Henry Robson was chosen, with the result that the seat was lost to the Liberal Unionists.

A general election was held in the following year, and on this occasion White was chosen to contest the seat. He regained the seat comfortably for the Liberals, with a majority of 441 votes.

His membership of the Commons was to be brief, however. Following weeks of rumours, the *Dundee Advertiser* reported on 14 November 1896 that he had resigned his seat. This was initially denied by his private secretary, who stated that he simply gone to India on business, and expected to return for the opening of parliament. However, on 20 November, the executive committee of the Forfarshire Liberal Association received an angry letter from White. In it, he stated that he had not intended to resign. However he felt the story had been inserted in the *Advertiser* by members of the committee, and this act of disloyalty meant that he no longer had any obligations to the party. Accordingly, he resigned his seat, by accepting appointment as Steward of the Chiltern Hundreds. The reason for the rumours circulating in Dundee and for his resignation were that a court case for breach of promise to marry had been brought by clergyman's daughter Helen Grant. She and White had known each other from the age of twelve and had had a longstanding affair. Ella Grant claimed that she had become pregnant and had refused the abortion that had been suggested by White. White made an out-of-cort settlement and the case never became public knowledge at the time.

White was subsequently chosen as prospective Liberal candidate for the Wilton Division of Wiltshire. However, when a by-election occurred in July 1900, the Second Boer War was in progress. The party decided not to contest the seat, allowing James Morrison, an army officer, invalided from the front in South Africa, to be returned unopposed. At the general election in October 1900, White did contest Wilton, but Morrison held the seat with a majority of 841 votes (12.6% of the total).

At the 1906 general election, he failed to be elected at Great Yarmouth. He lodged an election petition, attempting to have the result overturned due to alleged bribery, treating and illegal payments by his Conservative opponent Arthur Fell. The election court found that treating and bribery had indeed taken place, but the two judges sitting on the case did not agree whether Fell was responsible for the actions of a Mr Baker who was found to have had acted illegally. The first judge, Justice Channell, held that Baker was acting as an agent of Fell; but the more senior judge, Justice Grantham, held that Fell was not responsible, and the petition was therefore dismissed. However, the outcome was widely denounced as perverse, and was one of a series of election petition judgments in which Grantham (himself a former Conservative MP) was seen to have acted in a partisan manner. The judgment in the Yarmouth petition was the subject of a debate in the Commons in July 1906 in which Grantham's partisanship was widely condemned.

## Academic endowments and Philanthropy

White developed a close friendship with Patrick Geddes, and endowed a chair of botany for him at University College Dundee. Geddes was developing the field of sociology, and White began generously funding the teaching of the subject at the University of London. He eventually provided an endowment to create a Department of Sociology at the university. A lifelong philanthropist, each July and August for over 15 years he turned a farmhouse on the estate into a holiday camp for poor and disabled children from the slums of Dundee, enabling over 200 children a year to benefit from two weeks of clean air, healthy outdoor activities and good food. In 1892 he limited outdoor labourers on his estate to a 9-hour day, granting them also a half-day on Saturdays and a week's annual holiday. In 1903 he instituted a pension scheme for all employees on the Balruddery Estate. Some of the many other organisations benefiting from his largesse included the Scottish Amateur Gymnastics Association, St Andrew's University, Dundee Medical School and Dundee Technical Institute.

## Development of the pipe organ

White developed a love of the pipe organ, becoming an expert on the instrument, and president of the Organ Club. He financially supported Robert Hope-Jones in his development of the theatre organ. In the central hall at Balruddery he had installed an organ that, originally built by Casson and voiced by Thynne, had been reconstructed by Hope-Jones with electric action, double and pizzicato touches and some new stops. In 1913, George Laing Miller, in *The Recent Revolution in Organ Building* wrote:

> Mr White... has managed to devote much time and thought to the art of organ playing and organ building...All honor to Martin White!

## Family life

White was married twice. On 6 August 1898 he married Mary MacRae, a watercolourist, and they had two children. Due to his infidelity the marriage broke down in 1906, and the couple were divorced in 1912. Mary MacRae White went on to be a successful artist in the United States.

In 1913 he married Alice (Priscilla) Frost, a widow.

## Death

J Martin White died suddenly at Balruddery in July 1928. He was buried locally, with a monument to his memory erected in Liff Parish Church.


title: University Hall (Uppsala University)

abstract: University Hall or the University Main Building is the main building of Uppsala University in Uppsala, Sweden. The building is situated in University Park close to Uppsala Cathedral. It was designed in Italian renaissance Beaux-Arts style by architect Herman Teodor Holmgren (1842-1914) and completed in 1887. The building should not be confused with Carolina Rediviva, which is the Uppsala University Library building, or Gustavianum, the previous main building, which today is a museum.

text:
# University Hall (Uppsala University)

**University Hall** or the **University Main Building** (Swedish: *Universitetshuset*) is the main building of Uppsala University in Uppsala, Sweden. The building is situated in University Park close to Uppsala Cathedral. It was designed in Italian renaissance Beaux-Arts style by architect Herman Teodor Holmgren (1842-1914) and completed in 1887.

The building should not be confused with Carolina Rediviva, which is the Uppsala University Library building, or Gustavianum, the previous main building, which today is a museum.

## History

Before the completion of the present building, the main lecture hall of the university had been housed in the nearby Gustavianum, while the administration was housed in the Consistory House (*Konsistoriehuset*) and the academic ceremonies took place in the Carolina Rediviva university library building. The chosen site for the new building was previously occupied by a riding exercise court belonging to the university. Planning and construction took place during a 10-year period, with the winning proposal designed by Herman Teodor Holmgren, a student of Fredrik Wilhelm Scholander. Holmgren had studied Beaux-Arts architecture in France, Italy and Germany and the university building became the largest of his works and the most well-known, counting among the foremost examples of this architectural style in Sweden and Scandinavia. The building contract was awarded to the C H Hallström building company.

During the excavations for the building and the University Park, remnants of the foundations for the 14th-century Archbishop's Castle were unearthed, but subsequently buried below the park. Budget problems and the problematic ground conditions, due to the steep incline and castle foundations, caused delays and redesigns during the construction period. The building was finally inaugurated by King Oscar II in May 1887.

The new building brought many advantages to the university, as the previous building Gustavianum only had two unheated lecture rooms. Several of the University Hall lecture rooms are still in use today, notably the Grand Auditorium, which seats 1,800 people. The inscription above the entrance to the main auditorium is an aphorism by the Swedish 18th-century philosopher Thomas Thorild (1759-1808), which famously reads:

> *Tänka fritt är stort
men tänka rätt är större*
> *("It is a great thing to think freely,
but greater still to think correctly")*

Between 1996 and 2001, the building underwent a major renovation during which the paintwork in the entrance hall was restored to the original 19th century colors, which had been painted over during the 1970s.

## Present use

Today, the University Hall is mainly used for lectures, conferences, concerts and ceremonies, as well as formal receptions and consistory meetings. Many of the original administrative and academic functions of the building have been moved to modern buildings since the 19th century as the university has grown, but the University Hall retains its status as the formal main building. The building also houses a significant part of Uppsala University's extensive art collection and the Uppsala University Coin Cabinet.

As the building is still in use by the university, some of the rooms are normally inaccessible to the general public. Formal receptions for guests of the *rector magnificus*, the Vice-Chancellor, are held in the Chancellor's room upstairs, and the adjoining suite of rooms is used by the four original faculties of Uppsala University, decorated with portraits of past professors and alumni of Uppsala University. It also contains a minor exhibit on the university's Nobel laureates. The Consistory, the governing body of the university, meets in an ornate board room on the entrance level, which is decorated with portraits of previous monarchs of Sweden from the Protestant reformation to the 20th century.

## Literature

* Heinemann, Thomas (1987). *Universitetshuset i Uppsala 1887-1987 : en jubileumsbok.* Uppsala, Almqvist & Wiksell International. ISBN 9789150606089

## InfoBox

| University Hall | |
| --- | --- |
| Universitetshuset | |
|  | |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Coordinates | 59°51′27″N 17°37′46″E / 59.857558°N 17.629444°E / 59.857558; 17.629444 |
| Completed | 1887 |
| Design and construction | |
| Architect(s) | Herman Teodor Holmgren |


title: Undulambia vitrinalis

abstract: Undulambia vitrinalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Cajetan von Felder, Rudolf Felder and Alois Friedrich Rogenhofer in 1875. It is found in Guyana.

text:
# Undulambia vitrinalis

***Undulambia vitrinalis*** is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Cajetan von Felder, Rudolf Felder and Alois Friedrich Rogenhofer in 1875. It is found in Guyana.

## InfoBox

| *Undulambia vitrinalis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Crambidae |
| Genus: | *Undulambia* |
| Species: | ***U. vitrinalis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Undulambia vitrinalis***<br>(C. Felder, R. Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Nymphula vitrinalis* C. Felder, R. Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875 | |


title: List of butterflies of New Caledonia

abstract: This is a list of butterflies of New Caledonia. The total number of Lepidoptera species on New Caledonia is 521 in 304 genera. The total number of butterflies is 72 in 42 genera.

text:
# List of butterflies of New Caledonia

This is a list of butterflies of New Caledonia. The total number of Lepidoptera species on New Caledonia is 521 in 304 genera (with 197 endemic species in 17 genera). The total number of butterflies is 72 in 42 genera.

## Papilionidae

### Papilioninae

## Pieridae

### Coliadinae

### Pierinae

## Lycaenidae

### Polyommatinae

### Theclinae

## Nymphalidae

### Charaxinae

### Cyrestinae

### Danainae

### Heliconiinae

### Libytheinae

### Nymphalinae

### Satyrinae

## Hesperiidae

### Coeliadinae

### Hesperiidae

## Sources


title: Freestone and Webb

abstract: Freestone and Webb were English coachbuilders who made bodies for Rolls-Royce and Bentley motor cars but also built bodies on other chassis including Alfa Romeo, Packard, and Mercedes-Benz. The business was founded in 1923 by V.E. Freestone and A.J. Webb as a specialist coachbuilding service in workshops in Brentfield Road, Stonebridge Park, Willesden, North London, where it remained for its entire life. Freestone had learnt his trade working at Crossley Motors, Webb had returned to England having trained in France. While working on bespoke Rolls-Royce and Bentley cars they developed the style known as Top hat, and popularised the Razor Edge style. Delivering up to 15 cars per annum they showed their cars at the London Motor Show and won the Gold Medal in the private coachbuilders competition nine years in a row. Converted to aircraft components like many coachbuilders during the Second World War they made highly detailed and intricate wing tips for the Supermarine Spitfire. After the Second World War Rolls-Royce offered a complete steel-bodied car, the Bentley Mark VI from 1946 and later the Rolls-Royce Silver Wraith. In the postwar austerity orders to Freestone and Webb tumbled and they began to suffer financial difficulties. A.J. Webb died in 1955. In May 1957 Freestone & Webb Limited was taken over by the Swain Group, which owned motor dealer H.R. Owen of Berkeley Street, London. This was the same year as the introduction of the Bentley S1/Rolls-Royce Silver Cloud both of which continued to be available as a chassis-only option until 1965. Freestone & Webb continued to refurbish and build bodies until 1958 when it became a pure showroom brand. After Swain decided to divest itself of its coach building arm and focus just on motor retail Freestone & Webb was sold to the new owners of fellow coachbuilders Harold Radford in 1963. A new company called Freestone & Webb Limited was incorporated and registered at Companies House in 1990 by an enthusiast owner, who sold it together with his 1935 Bentley 3½ Litre saloon at an auction at Brooklands, on 2 June 2010.

text:
# Freestone and Webb

**Freestone and Webb** were English coachbuilders who made bodies for Rolls-Royce and Bentley motor cars but also built bodies on other chassis including Alfa Romeo, Packard, and Mercedes-Benz.

The business was founded in 1923 by V.E. Freestone and A.J. Webb as a specialist coachbuilding service in workshops (Unity Works) in Brentfield Road, Stonebridge Park, Willesden, North London, where it remained for its entire life. Freestone had learnt his trade working at Crossley Motors, Webb had returned to England having trained in France.

While working on bespoke Rolls-Royce and Bentley cars they developed the style known as *Top hat,* and popularised the *Razor Edge* style. Delivering up to 15 cars per annum they showed their cars at the London Motor Show and won the Gold Medal in the private coachbuilders competition nine years in a row.

Converted to aircraft components like many coachbuilders during the Second World War they made highly detailed and intricate wing tips for the Supermarine Spitfire.

After the Second World War Rolls-Royce offered a complete steel-bodied car, the Bentley Mark VI from 1946 and later the Rolls-Royce Silver Wraith. In the postwar austerity orders to Freestone and Webb tumbled and they began to suffer financial difficulties.

A.J. Webb died in 1955. In May 1957 Freestone & Webb Limited was taken over by the Swain Group, which owned motor dealer H.R. Owen of Berkeley Street, London. This was the same year as the introduction of the Bentley S1/Rolls-Royce Silver Cloud both of which continued to be available as a chassis-only option until 1965. Freestone & Webb continued to refurbish and build bodies until 1958 when it became a pure showroom brand. After Swain decided to divest itself of its coach building arm and focus just on motor retail Freestone & Webb was sold to the new owners of fellow coachbuilders Harold Radford in 1963.

A new company called Freestone & Webb Limited was incorporated and registered at Companies House in 1990 by an enthusiast owner, who sold it together with his 1935 Bentley 3½ Litre saloon at an auction at Brooklands, on 2 June 2010.

51°32′46″N 0°15′32″W / 51.546°N 0.259°W / 51.546; -0.259


title: Y Lle

abstract: Y Lle is a culture-themed Welsh-language television show which began transmission on S4C in January 2011. During series 1 it aired weekly on Friday nights at 6:30 pm. It subsequently aired on Thursday nights, with the style of the show much changed from its beginnings. The original series of the show had a theme alternating every week. The first programme of the month was called Y Lle, and it tended to focus on music, films and other events. The second programme of the month was called Y Lle Gwisgo, a show about fashion. It has a catwalk which showcases different designers' clothes every month. The third programme of the month was Y Lle Feiral, which takes a look at all things geeky - gadgets, technology and the web - which a gang of hubbers. The final programme was called Y Lle Siarad, where young people can have their say on issues that affect them. It consisted of a panel of experts and a studio audience of young people with plenty to say. During its 2013 run, the show was a magazine-style weekly, focusing on various cultural and technological subjects and presented from the studio by Griff Lynch and Leni Hatcher. Included in the programme were recordings of gigs, sports competitions, fashion shows and other events. The shows often include a live performance by current Welsh-language artists and feature guides for upcoming films, gigs and festivals. It is screened with optional English subtitles. 2013 also saw the programme expand into an extra half-hour programme of live music entitled Y Lle: Ochr1, presented by Lynch. Its first series included eight weekly shows. Among the artists performing on the show were Mr. Huw, Y Bandana, Sŵnami, Hud, Gai Toms, H Hawkline, Sen Segur and Colorama.

text:
# Y Lle

***Y Lle*** (*The Place*) is a culture-themed Welsh-language television show which began transmission on S4C in January 2011. During series 1 it aired weekly on Friday nights at 6:30 pm. It subsequently aired on Thursday nights, with the style of the show much changed from its beginnings.

The original series of the show had a theme alternating every week. The first programme of the month was called **Y Lle**, and it tended to focus on music, films and other events. The second programme of the month was called **Y Lle Gwisgo**, a show about fashion. It has a catwalk which showcases different designers' clothes every month. The third programme of the month was **Y Lle Feiral**, which takes a look at all things geeky - gadgets, technology and the web - which a gang of hubbers. The final programme was called **Y Lle Siarad**, where young people can have their say on issues that affect them. It consisted of a panel of experts and a studio audience of young people with plenty to say.

During its 2013 run, the show was a magazine-style weekly, focusing on various cultural and technological subjects and presented from the studio by Griff Lynch and Leni Hatcher. Included in the programme were recordings of gigs, sports competitions, fashion shows and other events. The shows often include a live performance by current Welsh-language artists and feature guides for upcoming films, gigs and festivals. It is screened with optional English subtitles.

2013 also saw the programme expand into an extra half-hour programme of live music entitled *Y Lle: Ochr1*, presented by Lynch. Its first series included eight weekly shows (broadcast on the Tuesday following the regular *Y Lle* screening). Among the artists performing on the show were Mr. Huw, Y Bandana, Sŵnami, Hud, Gai Toms, H Hawkline, Sen Segur and Colorama.

## InfoBox

| *Y Lle* | |
| --- | --- |
| Filming for *Y Lle* in its original format | |
| Presented by | Griff Lynch, Leni Hatcher, Hanna Hopwood (retd) |
| Country of origin | Wales, United Kingdom |
| Original release | |
| Network | S4C |
| Release | 7 January 2011 (2011-01-07) <br>present |


title: Uligisalus

abstract: Uligisalus was a Gothic military commander during Justinian's Gothic War. Historical accounts cited him as one of the two commanders sent by Witigis to recover Dalmatia for the Goths. The other commander was Asinarius, who stopped to gather a barbarian army upon reaching Savia while Uligisalus continued to engage the enemy at Scardon. He was defeated by Constantinianus at the Battle of Scardon. Uligisalus retreated to the city of Burnum, where he waited for Asinarius. The army, however, failed and this loss marked the end of the Goth's domination over the region while Savia fell to the Lombards and Noricum to the Franks. Dalmatia, on the other hand, became a Byzantine stronghold, serving as a staging ground for its campaigns in Italy. Uligisalus was later employed as the commander of the 400 men garrison of Tudera.

text:
# Uligisalus

**Uligisalus** was a Gothic military commander during Justinian's Gothic War.

Historical accounts cited him as one of the two commanders sent by Witigis to recover Dalmatia for the Goths. The other commander was Asinarius, who stopped to gather a barbarian army upon reaching Savia while Uligisalus continued to engage the enemy at Scardon. He was defeated by Constantinianus at the Battle of Scardon. Uligisalus retreated to the city of Burnum, where he waited for Asinarius. The army, however, failed and this loss marked the end of the Goth's domination over the region while Savia fell to the Lombards and Noricum to the Franks. Dalmatia, on the other hand, became a Byzantine stronghold, serving as a staging ground for its campaigns in Italy.

Uligisalus was later employed as the commander of the 400 men garrison of Tudera.

1. Hughes, Ian (Historian) (2009). *Belisarius : the last Roman general*. Yardley, Pa.: Westholme. ISBN 9781594160851. OCLC 294885267.
2. Prokopios (2014). *The Wars of Justinian*. Translated by Dewing, H.B. Indianapolis/Cambridge: Hackett Publishing. p. 291. ISBN 9781624661716.
3. Arnold, Jonathan; Bjornlie, M. Shane; Sessa, Kristina (2016). *A Companion to Ostrogothic Italy*. Leiden: BRILL. p. 93. ISBN 9789004313767.


title: Udayam (film)

abstract: Udayam is a 1973 Indian Malayalam film, directed by P. Bhaskaran. The film stars Madhu, Sharada, Adoor Bhasi and Prem Prakash in the lead roles. The film had musical score by V. Dakshinamoorthy.

text:
# Udayam (film)

***Udayam*** is a 1973 Indian Malayalam film, directed by P. Bhaskaran. The film stars Madhu, Sharada, Adoor Bhasi and Prem Prakash in the lead roles. The film had musical score by V. Dakshinamoorthy.

## Cast

## Soundtrack

The music was composed by V. Dakshinamoorthy and the lyrics were written by P. Bhaskaran and Sreekumaran Thampi.

| No. | Song | Singers | Lyrics | Length (m:ss) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | "Chaale Chaalicha" | S. Janaki | P. Bhaskaran |  |
| 2 | "En Mandahaasam" | K. J. Yesudas | Sreekumaran Thampi |  |
| 3 | "Ente Makan Krishnanunni" | S. Janaki | P. Bhaskaran |  |
| 4 | "Kalayude Devi" | S. Janaki, Ambili | Sreekumaran Thampi |  |
| 5 | "Karalinte Kadalaassil" | P. Jayachandran | Sreekumaran Thampi |  |

## InfoBox

| Udayam | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | P. Bhaskaran |
| Written by | Ettumanur Chandrasekharan Nair
Sreekumaran Thampi (dialogues) |
| Screenplay by | Sreekumaran Thampi |
| Starring | Madhu
Sharada
Adoor Bhasi
Prem Prakash |
| Cinematography | S. J. Thomas |
| Edited by | K. Sankunni |
| Music by | V. Dakshinamoorthy |
| Production
company | Suchithramanjari |
| Distributed by | Suchithramanjari |
| Release date | * 16 March 1973 (1973-03-16) |
| Country | India |
| Language | Malayalam |


title: Udayampalayam

abstract:
Udayampalayam is part of Coimbatore North in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is located 7 km from Coimbatore Railway Station and 18 km from the airport. This is the northern border of the Coimbatore corporation. Tamil is the major language spoken in the area. The administration is through the ward councillor of the Coimbatore corporation. V. Ramamoorthy is the current councillor of the Coimbatore Corporation. Udayampalayam is well connected to other places of the city by the following bus routes:
  - S9 - Udayampalayam to Ondipudur
  - S10 - Udayampalayam to Ondipudur
  - S9A - Chinnavedampatti to Ondipudur
  - S9B - Udayampalayam to Ondipudur
  - S9D - NGGO Colony to Ondipudur
  - 97 - NGGO Colony to Ukkadam
  - 15B - Chinnavedampatti to Ukkadam
  - 15B/21E- Anjugam Nagar to Avarampalayam
  - Minibus service- Udayampalayam to vadavalli via GN mills. SRP mills to kavundampalayam bus passes through the place subbanaickenpudur. There are many communities (castes) in this village. However the majority is Kongu Vellar Gounder, It was originally a farming village which has now transformed into a residential and industrial area. Saravana complex and its nearby shops makes the market place for the local shopping. The area also have petrol bunk, ATM and bakery's.

text:
# Udayampalayam

**Udayampalayam** is part of Coimbatore North in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is located 7 km from Coimbatore Railway Station and 18 km from the airport. This is the northern border of the Coimbatore corporation.

Tamil is the major language spoken in the area. The administration is through the ward councillor of the Coimbatore corporation.

V. Ramamoorthy is the current councillor of the Coimbatore Corporation.

Udayampalayam is well connected to other places of the city by the following bus routes:

* S9 - Udayampalayam to Ondipudur (Maniyakaranpalayam, Ganapathy, Gandhipuram, Lakshmi Mills, Peelamedu, ESI, Singanallur)
* S10 - Udayampalayam to Ondipudur (Maniyakaranpalayam, Ganapathy, Gandhipuram, Lakshmi Mills, Peelamedu, ESI, Singanallur)
* S9A - Chinnavedampatti to Ondipudur (Udayampalayam, Ganapathy, Gandhipuram, Peelamedu, ESI, Singanallur)
* S9B - Udayampalayam to Ondipudur (Maniyakaranpalayam, Ganapathy, Gandhipuram, Lakshmi Mills, Peelamedu, ESI, Singanallur)
* S9D - NGGO Colony to Ondipudur (Thudiyalur, Urumandampalayam, Ganapathy, Gandhipuram, Peelamedu, ESI, Singanallur)
* 97 - NGGO Colony to Ukkadam (Thudiyalur, Vellakinar, Urumandampalayam, Ganapathy, Gandhipuram, Railway Station, Town Hall)
* 15B - Chinnavedampatti to Ukkadam (Udayampalayam, Maniyakaranpalayam, Ganapathy, Gandhipuram, Coimbatore Junction, Town Hall)
* 15B/21E- Anjugam Nagar to Avarampalayam (Udayampalayam, Maniyakaranpalayam, Ganapathy, Gandhipuram, Avarampalaym)
* Minibus service- Udayampalayam to vadavalli via GN mills. SRP mills to kavundampalayam bus passes through the place subbanaickenpudur.

There are many communities (castes) in this village. However the majority is Kongu Vellar Gounder, It was originally a farming village which has now transformed into a residential and industrial area.

Saravana complex and its nearby shops makes the market place for the local shopping. The area also have petrol bunk, ATM and bakery's.

## Landmarks

Maariamman Temple - Center of Udayampalayam Bajanai Kovil (Sri Srinivasa Perumal Kovil) - Ancestors have created a group of Krishna Leela to pray Lord Krishna... Every year Vaikunda Ekadasi Was Celebrated - BRINDHAVANAM.

Saree and Thavani were the preferred casual wear for ladies. But due to modernization its all moved to western wears. Waisti (Dhoti) are preferred for gents and shirts and pants for young generation.

## Food

Rice is the main food. Tender coconut and skimmed butter milk are consumed in large amounts during summer.


title: University of Kashan

abstract: University of Kashan is located in the city of Kashan, Iran, 230 kilometers south of the capital Tehran. It educates more than 9,000 students in different fields including engineering, physics, mathematics, chemistry, art, and humanities.

text:
# University of Kashan

34°00′49″N 51°21′50″E / 34.0136278°N 51.3639472°E / 34.0136278; 51.3639472**University of Kashan** (**Kashan University** or **UK**, Persian: دانشگاه کاشان) is located in the city of Kashan, Iran, 230 kilometers south of the capital Tehran. It educates more than 9,000 students in different fields including engineering, physics, mathematics, chemistry, art, and humanities.

## General information

The University of Kashan was Founded in 1974 and is the oldest institution of higher education in Kashan. At the time of its foundation, only undergraduate courses in Physics and Mathematics were offered. The current activities of the university are classified into four sections of education, research, development, and side activities. The university is located on a 530 hectares campus, 15 kilometer outside of the town with several affiliated centers located near or at the city of Kashan, Ghamsar, Niasar and Tehran. Presently, the university has nearly 300 staff and university lecturers and it has about 8200 students, studying in over 180 courses, %40 of them are in Postgraduate studies (Ph.D. and MSc) of which 60% are female students.

## Faculties

University of Kashan has 13 faculties which include mathematics, physics, humanities, literature and foreign languages, engineering, mechanical engineering, electrical and computer engineering, art and architecture, e-learning, natural resources and earth sciences. Each faculty has its own specialized library. Accommodating about 7600 students in 50 disciplines of undergraduate, graduate and postgraduate levels and having about 175 full-time faculty members.

### Faculty of Chemistry

The chemistry department was founded in 1979 at the undergraduate level and has admitted M.Sc. students since 1993 and Ph.D. students since 2004 in organic chemistry, analytical chemistry, physical chemistry, and inorganic chemistry programs. Also, applied chemistry is one of the programs for B.Sc. and M.Sc. students. In 2009, the Department of Chemistry became the Faculty of Chemistry. In 2011, the Department of Biotechnology joined this faculty. 32 faculty members and four teaching experts are responsible for teaching and research in the Faculty of Chemistry. This faculty has more than 800 students in three undergraduate, graduate, and postgraduate degrees.

### Faculty of Engineering

The Faculty of Engineering of University of Kashan was founded in 1994 at Faculty of Engineering of Yasrebi building. In 2009, with further development of the faculty, its location was transferred to University of Kashan campus complex. Currently, the Faculty of Engineering has five departments: chemical engineering, mining engineering, civil engineering, materials and metallurgy engineering, and industrial engineering. At the moment, Department of Chemical Engineering and Mining Engineering admit students in 3 levels of undergraduate, graduate, and post-graduate studies; Department of Civil Engineering and Material and Metallurgy admit students in undergraduate and graduate levels. Also, the Department of Industrial Engineering admit students at undergraduate level only.

### Faculty of Literature and Foreign Languages

The history of this faculty dates back to 1988 when the first group of Persian Teaching students of Persian Language and Literature were admitted in University of Kashan. Gradually, with the formation of the Faculty of Humanities, with its variety of disciplines, Faculty of Literature and Foreign Languages was considered one of them. In 2011, Faculty of Literature and Foreign Languages with vice-presidents of education and research and six departments (Persian Language and Literature, Arabic Language and Literature, Quran and Hadith Studies, English Language and Literature, Religions and Philosophy, and Islamic Theology) become independent from Faculty of Humanities.

### Faculty of Natural Resources and Geoscience

Faculty of Natural Resources and Geoscience of the University of Kashan started its activities in September 2009 in MA and Ph.D. and has been active in watershed management, desertification, ecotourism, and geography in MA and watershed and desertification in Ph.D. programs. This faculty started attracting undergraduate students in 2020.

## Achievements

**Kashan University** has gained international and national achievements in recent years:

1. Ranked 1st in Research Productivity among Universities in the **Country** (2017)
2. Ranked 2nd among Iranian Universities and Ranked 109th among Universities in the **World** according to **Green Metric International Ranking System** (2017)
3. Ranked among 10 Top Universities in the **Country** (2016)
4. Ranked among 100 Top Universities in the **World** (2017)
5. Ranked 2nd among universities in **nanotechnology** (2017)
6. Ranked 1st in Asian Times Ranking among the **country's universities** (2018)
7. Ranked 1st according to **Leiden ranking system** (2019)
8. Design and Invention of the **First Iranian Programming Language** By Mr. Seyyed Ali Mohammadiye (2019)

## Research institutes

The research institutes are as follows:

* Department of Science
* Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
* Essential Oils
* Energy
* Carpet
* Study of Kashan
* Astronomy
* Water and Sustainable Development
* Architecture and Urban development
* Advanced Material and Intelligent Systems

## Nanotechnology

The University of Kashan is one of the universities in Iran in which students are able to study for an M.S./Ph.D in Nanotechnology. So, it was necessary for a research center to be instituted named the Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology.

## InfoBox

University of Kashan
| Dāneshgāh-e Kashan (دانشگاه کاشان) | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Type | Public |
| Established | 1974 (1974) |
| President | Professor Abbas Ketabi |
| Students | 9294 |
| Location | Kashan, Iran |
| Website | kashanu.ac.ir/en |


title: Marc Potvin

abstract: Marc Potvin was a Canadian professional ice hockey player who played 121 games in the National Hockey League (NHL) between 1990 and 1996. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1990 to 1998, was mainly spent in the minor American Hockey League (AHL). After his playing career Potvin became a coach in the minor leagues, until his suicide in 2006. He was the cousin of Denis Potvin and Jean Potvin.

text:
# Marc Potvin

**Marc Potvin** (January 29, 1967 – January 13, 2006) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player who played 121 games in the National Hockey League (NHL) between 1990 and 1996. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1990 to 1998, was mainly spent in the minor American Hockey League (AHL). After his playing career Potvin became a coach in the minor leagues, until his suicide in 2006. He was the cousin of Denis Potvin and Jean Potvin.

## Playing career

Born in Ottawa, Ontario, Potvin, second cousin of Hall of Famer Denis Potvin, was selected by the Detroit Red Wings in the ninth round, 169th overall, in the 1986 NHL Entry Draft. During his career, he played for four different NHL teams: the Red Wings (1990–91 to 1991–92), Los Angeles Kings (1992–93 to 1993–94), Hartford Whalers (1993–94), and Boston Bruins (1994–95 to 1995–96). In 121 NHL games, he scored 3 goals and had 5 assists for 8 points. He also amassed 456 penalty minutes. In 13 NHL playoff games, he scored no goals, had one assist and 50 penalty minutes.

## Coaching career

For the 1998–99 season, Potvin was the assistant coach for the Adirondack Red Wings of the American Hockey League. The next season, he made the jump to head coach for the Mississippi Sea Wolves of the ECHL. After only one season there, he became the head coach of the Springfield Falcons of the AHL, where he stayed for two seasons. Part way through the 2003–04 season, he took over the head coach position of the Adirondack IceHawks in the UHL. He would continue coaching the team (renamed the Adirondack Frostbite) in Glens Falls, New York.

## Death

On January 13, 2006, Potvin was found dead in his hotel room in Kalamazoo, Michigan, hours before the Frostbite were to play the Kalamazoo Wings. On February 10, Kalamazoo police announced that his death had been ruled a suicide. It was discovered that he had hung himself in his hotel bathroom. He had a wife, a son, and a daughter.

## Career statistics

### Regular season and playoffs

|  | | |  | Regular season | | | | |  | Playoffs | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Season | Team | League | | GP |  |  | Pts | PIM | | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| 1984–85 | Elmira Sugar Kings | MWJHL | | 37 | 21 | 22 | 43 | 108 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1985–86 | Stratford Cullitons | MWJHL | | 39 | 22 | 43 | 65 | 180 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1986–87 | Bowling Green State University | CCHA | | 43 | 5 | 15 | 20 | 74 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1987–88 | Bowling Green State University | CCHA | | 45 | 15 | 21 | 36 | 80 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1988–89 | Bowling Green State University | CCHA | | 46 | 23 | 12 | 35 | 63 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1989–90 | Bowling Green State University | CCHA | | 40 | 19 | 17 | 36 | 72 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1989–90 | Adirondack Red Wings | AHL | | 5 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 9 | | 4 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 23 |
| 1990–91 | Detroit Red Wings | NHL | | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 55 | | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 32 |
| 1990–91 | Adirondack Red Wings | AHL | | 63 | 9 | 13 | 22 | 365 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1991–92 | Detroit Red Wings | NHL | | 5 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 52 | | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1991–92 | Adirondack Red Wings | AHL | | 51 | 13 | 16 | 29 | 314 | | 19 | 5 | 4 | 9 | 57 |
| 1992–93 | Adirondack Red Wings | AHL | | 37 | 8 | 12 | 20 | 109 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1992–93 | Los Angeles Kings | NHL | | 20 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 61 | | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1993–94 | Los Angeles Kings | NHL | | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 26 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1993–94 | Hartford Whalers | NHL | | 51 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 246 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1994–95 | Boston Bruins | NHL | | 6 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1994–95 | Providence Bruins | AHL | | 21 | 4 | 14 | 18 | 84 | | 12 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 25 |
| 1995–96 | Boston Bruins | NHL | | 27 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 | | 5 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 18 |
| 1995–96 | Providence Bruins | AHL | | 48 | 9 | 9 | 18 | 118 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1996–97 | Portland Pirates | AHL | | 71 | 17 | 15 | 32 | 222 | | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 |
| 1997–98 | Chicago Wolves | IHL | | 81 | 4 | 8 | 12 | 170 | | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 22 |
| AHL totals | | | | 296 | 62 | 80 | 142 | 1221 | | 40 | 7 | 9 | 16 | 117 |
| NHL totals | | | | 121 | 3 | 5 | 8 | 456 | | 40 | 13 | 9 | 22 | 13 |

## InfoBox

| Marc Potvin | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Born | (1967-01-29)January 29, 1967
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada | | |
| Died | January 13, 2006(2006-01-13) (aged 38)
Kalamazoo, Michigan, U.S. | | |
| Height | 6 ft 1 in (185 cm) | | |
| Weight | 200 lb (91 kg; 14 st 4 lb) | | |
| Position | Right wing | | |
| Shot | Right | | |
| Played for | Detroit Red Wings
Los Angeles Kings
Hartford Whalers
Boston Bruins | | |
| NHL draft | 169th overall, 1986
Detroit Red Wings | | |
| Playing career | 19901998 | | |


title: Udayakantha Gunathilaka

abstract: Koswatta Ralalage Udayakantha Gunathilaka is a Sri Lankan politician, former provincial councillor and Member of Parliament. Gunathilaka was born on 3 May 1965. He was a member of Warakapola Divisional Council and the Sabaragamuwa Provincial Council. He contested the 2020 parliamentary election as a Sri Lanka People's Freedom Alliance electoral alliance candidate in Kegalle District and was elected to the Parliament of Sri Lanka.

text:
# Udayakantha Gunathilaka

**Koswatta Ralalage Udayakantha Gunathilaka** (born 3 May 1965) is a Sri Lankan politician, former provincial councillor and Member of Parliament.

Gunathilaka was born on 3 May 1965. He was a member of Warakapola Divisional Council and the Sabaragamuwa Provincial Council. He contested the 2020 parliamentary election as a Sri Lanka People's Freedom Alliance electoral alliance candidate in Kegalle District and was elected to the Parliament of Sri Lanka.

Electoral history of Udayakantha Gunathilaka
| Election | Constituency | Party | | Alliance | | Votes | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1999 provincial | Kegalle District |  |  |  | People's Alliance | 20,347 | **Elected** |
| 2004 provincial | Kegalle District |  |  |  | United People's Freedom Alliance | 20,419 | **Elected** |
| 2008 provincial | Kegalle District |  |  |  | United People's Freedom Alliance |  | Not elected |
| 2012 provincial | Kegalle District |  |  |  | United People's Freedom Alliance | 21,490 | **Elected** |
| 2020 parliamentary | Kegalle District |  | Sri Lanka Podujana Peramuna |  | Sri Lanka People's Freedom Alliance | 46,628 | **Elected** |

## InfoBox

| Hon.Udayakantha GunathilakaMP | |
| --- | --- |
| උදයකාන්ත ගුණතිලක
உதயகாந்த குணதிலகே | |
|  | |
| Member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
2020 | |
| Constituency | Kegalle District |
| Member of the Sabaragamuwa Provincial Council | |
| **In office**
2012–2017 | |
| Constituency | Kegalle District |
| **In office**
1999–2008 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Koswatta Ralalage Udayakantha Gunathilaka
(1965-05-03) 3 May 1965 |
| Political party | Sri Lanka Podujana Peramuna |
| Other political
affiliations | Sri Lanka People's Freedom Alliance |
|  | |


title: Upendranath Brahma

abstract: Upendranath Brahma was an Indian Bodo social activist and the former president of All Bodo Students' Union.

text:
# Upendranath Brahma

**Upendranath Brahma** (31 March 1956 – 1 May 1990) was an Indian Bodo social activist and the former president of All Bodo Students' Union.

## Early life and education

Brahma was born in Boragari village of Dotma, a small township at Kokrajhar district of Assam, India. He was a son of Mr. Monglaram Brahma and Ms. Lefsri Brahma. He was the fifth, and youngest, child. He was called "Thopen" during his childhood. He grew up in poverty.

From 1963, Brahma studied at various schools, including Dotma High School, Kokrajhar High School and, in 1973, at Sakti Ashram High and Vocational School under the guidance of Swamiji. In 1975, he passed the matriculation examination in the first division with letter marks in Mathematics. Thereafter he obtained a BSc with honours degree in Physics from Cotton College  before enrolling at Gauhati University in 1981 for his MSc degree. Brahma also worked as a graduate science teacher at the Nehru Vocational High School in Gossainichina, and studied for a BA at Kokrajhar College during that period. He obtained his BA in 1985 and his MSc in 1986.

Brahma was elected as the President of the Goalpara District Students Union in 1978–79. He was vice-president of the All Bodo Students Union between 1981–1983 and president from 1986. Through this body he worked for the education and wellbeing of the community, which he believed to be losing its culture. Under his leadership, the ABSU agreed to include political issues as part of its agenda to give political matureness to the students.

## Death

Brahma died in Tata Memorial Cancer Hospital in Mumbai on 1 May 1990 as a consequence of blood cancer. His body was taken to Kokrajhar and then buried at Dotoma on 4 May. The ground where Brahma was buried is now known as "Thulungapuri".

## Honours

The title of Bodofa (Guardian of Bodos) was posthumously conferred upon Brahma on 8 May 1990 in recognition of his vision and leadership. His life is celebrated each year on the anniversary of his death, which is now called *Bodofa Day*.

A 21-foot-tall (6.4 m) bronze statue of him was unveiled in Kokrajhar on the tenth anniversary of his death.

2. Bodofa Upendra Nath Brahma

## InfoBox

| Upendra Nath Brahma | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1956-03-31)31 March 1956
Kokrajhar district, Assam, India |
| Died | 1 May 1990(1990-05-01) (aged 34)
Bombay |
| Occupation | Writer, Students Leader |
| Language | Bodo |
| Education | M.Sc. from Gauhati University |
| Notable works | Why Separate State, The Bodoland Times |
| Notable awards | Bodofa |


title: Vijay Gupchup

abstract: Vijay N. Gupchup is an educationist, academic, researcher and considered an expert in the field of civil engineering and structural engineering.

text:
# Vijay Gupchup

**Vijay N. Gupchup** (born 1937) is an educationist, academic, researcher and considered an expert in the field of civil engineering and structural engineering.

## Education

Gupchup obtained the Bachelor of Engineering degree in civil engineering from VJTI, University of Bombay in 1958 and the Master of Science and Doctor of Science degrees in civil engineering in 1959 and 1963 respectively, from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in the US.

## Career

Gupchup was a professor at the Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute (formerly known as Victoria Jubilee Technical Institute) in Mumbai. He held the post of the Principal of VJTI from January 1983 to June 1992 and May 1995 to January 1997, when Dr. Gupchup retired after spending nearly three decades in the field of Technical Education.

Gupchup was the Pro Vice Chancellor of the University of Mumbai from June 1992 to May 1995. He was also the Chairman of the 'National Board of Accreditation' set up by the All India Council for Technical Education in India from July 2000 till June 2003.

## Contribution

Gupchup has been active in the field of Technical Education for more than thirty five years and has provided leadership in this field in the State of Maharashtra. He has contributed to various aspects of the development of Technical Education at the National level through his association with the All India Council for Technical education and the University Grants Commission. He has authored numerous technical papers and has also presented invited lectures at several universities in the US, including Massachusetts Institute Of Technology (MIT), Northwestern University, Drexel University, Kansas State University, Texas State University, And Southern Illinois University - Edwardsville.

## Activities

Gupchup continues to be an active member on various academic bodies of the University of Mumbai, AICTE and UGC. He is also a director on several company boards and consults on a wide range of academic and engineering areas. He has been a non-executive independent director of Ion Exchange (India) Ltd since 17 July 1995. Gupchup has been director of Walchand Peoplefirst Ltd since 10 May 2010. He is a member of the VJTI Alumni committee. He also serves as member of the board of governors of academic institutions including Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University, Lonere and Vidyalankar Institute of Technology, Mumbai.


title: Udumbanchola

abstract: Udumbanchola is a taluk in Idukki district of the Indian state of Kerala. This is in the high ranges. Nedumkandam is the major town and capital of Udumbanchola taluk. Mathikettan Shola National Park is located in Udumbanchola. In July 2019, a team of historians found new menhir, perhaps the largest-ever recorded in Kerala, on the Pothamala hills in Udumbanchola taluk on the Kerala-Tamil Nadu border. According to them, Pothamala hills housed hundreds of cobbled stone structures, pointing to the existence of a structured graveyard of a prehistoric civilization.

text:
# Udumbanchola

**Udumbanchola** is a taluk in Idukki district of the Indian state of Kerala. This is in the high ranges. Nedumkandam is the major town and capital of Udumbanchola taluk. Mathikettan Shola National Park is located in Udumbanchola.

In July 2019, a team of historians found new menhir, perhaps the largest-ever recorded in Kerala, on the Pothamala hills in Udumbanchola taluk on the Kerala-Tamil Nadu border. According to them, Pothamala hills housed hundreds of cobbled stone structures, pointing to the existence of a structured graveyard of a prehistoric civilization.

## Politics

Udumbanchola Assembly constituency is part of Idukki Lok Sabha constituency. Nedumkandam, Thookkupalam, K.Chappathu, Upputhara, Anakkara are the townships in Udumbumchola Taluk.

## Demographics

As of 2011 census, Udumbanchola village had a population of 10,064 with 5,100 males and 4,964 females. Udumbanchola village spreads over an area of 31.79 km2 (12.27 sq mi) with 2,796 families residing in it. The average sex ratio was 982 lower than the state average of 1084. In Udumbanchola, 9.6% of the population was under 6 years of age. Udumbanchola had an average literacy of 81.6% lower than the state average of 94%; male literacy was 85% and female literacy was 78%.

## Administration

Udumbanchola taluk has administration over 18 revenue villages. Nedumkandam is the taluk headquarters. In 2013, separate Idukki taluk was carved out from Udumbanchola and Thodupuzha taluks for the ease of administration. The constituent villages in Udumbanchola taluk are:

## InfoBox

| Udumbanchola | |
| --- | --- |
| Village/Taluk | |
| UdumbancholaLocation in Kerala, IndiaUdumbancholaUdumbanchola (India) | |
| Coordinates: 9°53′58″N 77°10′53″E / 9.899356°N 77.18148°E / 9.899356; 77.18148 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Kerala |
| District | Idukki |
| Government | |
| Type | Taluk |
| Body | Udumbanchola Grama Panchayat |
| Area | |
| Village | 31.79 km2 (12.27 sq mi) |
| Taluk | 656.66 km2 (253.54 sq mi) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Village | 10,064 |
| Taluk | 283,369 |
| Languages | |
| Official | Malayalam, English |
| Regional | Malayalam, Tamil |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| Vehicle registration | KL-69 |


title: Moonstone (The Outer Limits)

abstract: "Moonstone" is an episode of the original The Outer Limits television show. It first aired on 9 March 1964, during the first season.

text:
# Moonstone (The Outer Limits)

"**Moonstone**" is an episode of the original *The Outer Limits* television show. It first aired on 9 March 1964, during the first season.

## Opening narration

*In Man's conquest of space, his own moon must be the first to surrender. From there he will step his way across the heavens to the edge of infinity. Each step will be as uncertain as the last, yet each will bring him closer to ultimate truth. Lunar Expedition One: Here a handful of brave scientists and technicians pave the way to the future. Their mission: to collect information that will eventually enable Man to inhabit the Moon; to use the Moon as a springboard to the stars. Once during each twenty-four-hour period, a force of three, commanded by General Lee Stocker and including Lieutenant Travers and Major Clint Anderson, makes its slow, uncharted way across the lunar surface, a surface whose depths and desires are, as yet, unprobed…*

## Plot

Scientists and researchers in a base on the Moon discover living creatures encased in a seamless, perfectly round orb, which proves to be the repository of a benevolent alien intelligence that is fleeing tyranny in its own system. The beings inform the startled scientists that they are the five greatest minds in the universe, having escaped their home planet, Grippia, located in the constellation Xenes, to prevent their advanced knowledge from being used to conquer the galaxy. They had landed on the Moon due to a lack of sustainable energy, with the Sun being too weak to provide them with enough power to continue their flight. The scientists offer the aliens sanctuary while they attempt to re-energize; and, in exchange, they begin to record their combined wisdom on the base's computers to preserve it before they are captured. When the Tyrants arrive in pursuit, the researchers have to decide how much they should risk in the gathering of knowledge. The Grippians convince the scientists to release them to the Tyrants to prevent their imminent destruction, following the death of one of the researchers when trying to defend them. This act of compassion and sacrifice, in the face of almost certain death, is demonstrated as the Grippians self-destruct before they can be taken aboard the Tyrants' craft, thus denying them the knowledge they were so desperately seeking.

## Closing narration

*The steps Man takes across the heavens of his universe are as uncertain as those steps he takes across the rooms of his own life. And yet if he walks with an open mind, those steps must lead him eventually to that most perfect of all destinations, truth.*

## Quotes

"Their power is too great...their madness, even greater".

"If you are ever to destroy evil, you must survive to fight it".

"In the end, it is usually the good mind who enables evil to thrive".

"You did what you had to do...perhaps, that is the most subtle definition of bravery".

Stocker: "We didn't earn your thanks". Grippians: "The mind learns by doing...the heart learns by trying".

## Production

The Lunar landscape exterior was constructed by Jack Poplin and his team on Soundstage #2 at KTTV and the Moon backdrops were from M.G.M. The jagged mountains and rock columns were placed so as to hide the gaps in these backdrops. The Moon surface itself was a four inch deep layer of sand that had been dyed different colours to give the moonscape different gradations of tone when filmed in black and white. Paintings by astronomical artist Chesley Bonestell were used as background plates for sequences of the two Moonstones moving over the lunar surface.

The Grippians were designed at Projects Unlimited by father and son team Marcel and Victor Delgado. The eyes of the Grippians were dressed-up ping pong balls held on sticks with added tendrils, and the models were filmed inside a water tank so that their 'hair' would drift about as they swayed and moved. The Grippian sphere itself was one of the milky oversized Beverly Hills street lamppost globes, and cries of "Bring on the Street lamp" greeted the prop during filming.

William Bast's original script contained many spectacular action scenes, most of which were either simplified or not done at all for logistical and budgetary reasons.

## Cast

## InfoBox

| "**Moonstone**" | |
| --- | --- |
| *The Outer Limits* episode | |
|  | |
| Episode no. | Season 1<br>Episode 24 |
| Directed by | Robert Florey |
| Story by |  |
| Teleplay by | William Bast |
| Cinematography by | John M. Nickolaus |
| Production code | 13 |
| Original air date | March 9, 1964 (1964-03-09) |
| Guest appearances | |
|  | |
|
|


abstract: The following is a list of city squares and parks in Montevideo:

text:
# List of city squares and parks in Montevideo

The following is a **list of city squares and parks in Montevideo**:

## Squares

## Squares that are also parks

* Plaza or Parque Liber Seregni (Cordón)
* Plaza de la Armada or Plaza Virgilio (Punta Gorda)

## Parks

* Parque Batlle (Parque Batlle)
* Parque Capurro (Capurro)
* Parque Lineal Arquitecto Eugenio Baroffio (Punta Gorda)
* Parque Fernando Garcia (Bañados de Carrasco)
* Parque General Lavalleja (Carrasco)
* Parque Lecocq (Los Bulevares / Santiago Vasquez)
* Parque Prado (Prado)
* Parque Fructuoso Rivera (Punta Gorda)
* Parque Rodó (Punta Carretas)
* Parque Dr. Juan Zorrilla de San Martin (Punta Carretas)
* Parque Dr. Carlos Vaz Ferreira (Casabo)


title: Manilal Ambalal Desai

abstract: Manilal Ambalal Desai was an Indian born activist and journalist who played a prominent role in Kenyan politics during the 1920s.

text:
# Manilal Ambalal Desai

**Manilal Ambalal Desai** (1878 – 26 July 1926) was an Indian born activist and journalist who played a prominent role in Kenyan politics during the 1920s.

## Early life

Desai was born to a family of landowners in Surat, part of the Bombay Presidency of British India. He was educated at the Mission High School and began his career as clerk at a law firm in Bombay.

## Kenya

In 1915, he emigrated to Kenya, then known as the East Africa Protectorate, to work as a law clerk with Harrison, Salmon and Cresswell. A keen cigar smoker, upon being told that only Europeans could smoke cigars at his workplace, he resigned from his job and committed to enter politics. He began to work with Indian associations, and was chosen by Alibhai Mulla Jeevanjee to help reinvigorate the East African Indian National Congress. In 1919, he started the East African Chronicle, a popular critique of the colonial government.

Desai became close friends with Harry Thuku, founder of the Young Kikuyu Association, allowing him to share his office and print his broadsheet Tangazo on the Chronicle's printing press. When Thuku was arrested, Desai took care of Thuku's elderly mother. Desai's friendship with Thuku resulted in him increasingly voicing his support of African grievances in the Chronicle.

He became a member of the Nairobi Town Council and rose to become president of the Nairobi Indian Association. In 1922, he was elected president of the East African Indian National Congress. The following year, together with Jeevanjee, he represented the Indian community in a delegation to London for an audience with the Duke of Devonshire. The meeting resulted in the Devonshire White Paper, which whilst failed to meet Indian demands, also rejected the European settlers demands for dominion status in favour of African Paramountcy. In 1924, Desai spent six weeks in prison for participating in a campaign to boycott participation in a poll tax. The following year, he was nominated to the Legislative Council.

## Death

Whilst on an official tour to Tanganyika to raise funds, he suffered a heart attack and died on 26 July 1926.

## Legacy

The Desai Memorial Hall in Nairobi was constructed in his memory, however has since been demolished


title: Marty Papazian

abstract: Marty Papazian is an American television and film actor. He played CTU Interrogator Rick Burke in the television series 24. Papazian made his directorial debut with the 2012 film Least Among Saints, in which he stars opposite Laura San Giacomo and Charles S. Dutton. Papazian voiced the main character in 2006 game Black.

text:
# Marty Papazian

**Marty Papazian** is an American television and film actor. He played CTU Interrogator Rick Burke in the television series *24*. Papazian made his directorial debut with the 2012 film *Least Among Saints*, in which he stars opposite Laura San Giacomo and Charles S. Dutton.

Papazian voiced the main character in 2006 game *Black*.

## Filmography

### Film

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2001 | *All You Need* | Eric Gerzeli |  |
| 2001 | *Determination of Death* | Denny |  |
| 2001 | *Face Value* | Dean |  |
| 2003 | *Power Play* | Joel |  |
| 2005 | *The Island* | Censor |  |
| 2005 | *Jarhead* | Brian Dettman |  |
| 2007 | *Believers* | Ray |  |
| 2007 | *Safe Harbour* | Doctor |  |
| 2008 | *The Burning Plain* | Young Man |  |
| 2009 | *American Cowslip* | Jay |  |
| 2012 | *The Amazing Spider-Man* | NYPD EMT | Uncredited |
| 2012 | *Least Among Saints* | Anthony | Also writer |
| 2013 | *Rain from Stars* | Burt |  |
| 2016 | *Losing in Love* | Ronnie | Also writer and producer |
| 2018 | *Spare Room* | Medic |  |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1992 | *Drive Like Lightning* | Doolie | Television film |
| 2001 | *A Mother's Testimony* |  | |
| 2003 | *Charmed* | Assistant Director | Episode: "My Three Witches" |
| 2003 | *Less than Perfect* | Delivery Person | Episode: "Santa Claude" |
| 2004 | *The Trail to Hope Rose* | Durham | Television film |
| 2004 | *JAG* | Sgt. Brendan Walters | Episode: "This Just in from Baghdad" |
| 2005 | *McBride: Murder Past Midnight* | Vincent | Television film |
| 2005 | *Thicker than Water* | Stableboy | |
| 2005 | *NCIS* | Sgt. Jake Roberts | Episode: "The Voyeur's Web" |
| 2006 | *Without a Trace* | Pete Natale | Episode: "Rage" |
| 2006 | *Monk* | Captain Savo | Episode: "Mr. Monk and the Astronaut" |
| 2006 | *The Unit* | Sgt. Johnson | Episode: "Security" |
| 2006–2007 | *24* | Rick Burke | 3 episodes |
| 2007 | *Pandemic* | Mr. Smoke | Miniseries |
| 2007 | *24: Day 6 Debrief* | Rick Burke | 5 episodes |
| 2007 | *Dexter* | Mack | Episode: "Waiting to Exhale" |
| 2007 | *Supernatural* | Richie | Episode: "Sin City" |
| 2007 | *Bats: Human Harvest* | Downey | Television film |
| 2007 | *Company Man* | Felix | |
| 2009 | *Lie to Me* | Adam Duke | Episode: "Undercover" |
| 2009 | *CSI: NY* | Mr. Birnbaum | Episode: "Manhattanhenge" |
| 2017 | *Rosewood* | EMT | Episode: "Benzodiazepine & the Benjamins" |
| 2020 | *L.A.'s Finest* | Medic #1 | Episode: "Bad Company" |

## InfoBox

| Marty Papazian | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1976-04-18) April 18, 1976<br>Los Angeles, California, U.S. |
| Other names | Martin A. Papazian |
| Occupation | Actor |
| Years active | 1992–present |
| Spouse | Marina Benedict (m. 2018) |


title: Frederick Rushbrooke

abstract: Frederick William Rushbrooke was the founder of Halfords, the United Kingdom's largest chain of cycle shops.

text:
# Frederick Rushbrooke

**Frederick William Rushbrooke** (9 December 1861 - 1953) was the founder of Halfords, the United Kingdom's largest chain of cycle shops.

## Career

The son of a miller and confectioner from Willenhall in Staffordshire, Frederick Rushbrooke initially established himself in business in 1892 as a wholesale ironmonger in Birmingham. For recreation he enjoyed cycling on his pennyfarthing. In 1902 he opened a branch of his business in Halford Street in Leicester and called it the *Halford Cycle Shop*.

He bought Burcot Grange, a country house in Burcot in 1927 but ten years later decided to donate it to the Birmingham & Midland Eye Hospital as an annex to treat inflammation of the eye.

He died in 1953.

## Family

In 1896 he married Lily Jenks Wilkinson and they had a son and two daughters.


title: Y Lle Celf

abstract: Y Lle Celf is an annual art, craft and architecture exhibition held during the National Eisteddfod of Wales, claimed to be the biggest temporary art exhibition in Europe.

text:
# Y Lle Celf

**Y Lle Celf** (Welsh for 'The Art Place', Welsh pronunciation: \[ə ɬɛ kɛlv\]) is an annual art, craft and architecture exhibition held during the National Eisteddfod of Wales, claimed to be the biggest temporary art exhibition in Europe.

## Description

Y Lle Celf is created every year for the duration of the National Eisteddfod of Wales, the country's celebration of Welsh language and culture. The exhibition is organised by the National Eisteddfod and supported by the Arts Council of Wales.

To exhibit in the exhibition, artists and designers must be either born in Wales, have Welsh parents, or have lived or worked in Wales for at least three years prior to the submission deadline, or have the ability to speak, read or write Welsh. In 2010 exhibitors were chosen from 2,500 entries. Forty finalists were chosen to exhibit. The final selection is chosen by a panel of experts.

Y Lle Celf is usually housed in a temporary building on the Eisteddfod grounds, though at Ebbw Vale in 2010 it was held in the disused basement of a steel rolling mill and, in Cardiff Bay at the fenceless Eisteddfod in 2018, was held inside the Welsh Government Senedd building.

## Controversies

In 2012 the Eisteddfod were forced to issue an apology and withdraw four portrait paintings, by artist David Rees Davies, which showed imagery related to a nearby murder of a schoolgirl. One of the paintings appeared to portray the bleeding victim, another showed her killer.

In 2013 the Gold Medal for Fine Art was won by video artist Josephine Sowden, despite her work using English language based gibberish and seemingly flouting a language rule dating back to 1950. The 2013 Ivor Davies Award winner, Iwan Bala, had included English and Spanish text in his paintings, in addition to Welsh. For 2014 entries, application forms drew attention to the language rule, which says any original words in art works must be in Welsh.

## Awards and prizes

Each year the following are awarded to an exhibitor at Y Lle Celf:

* Gold Medal for Fine Art (since 1951)
* Gold Medal for Craft and Design (since 1985)
* Gold Medal for Architecture (since 1954)
* Young Artist Scholarship
* Architecture Scholarship
* The Ivor Davies Award (since 2003), for the work that best conveys the spirit of activism in the struggle for language, culture and politics.
* The Josef Herman Award - The People's Choice, awarded since 1995 to the most popular work as voted by visitors to the exhibition.
* The Tony Goble Award (since 2012), for work by an artist exhibiting for the first time.


title: Marcus Hanikel

abstract: Marcus Hanikel is a retired Austrian footballer.

text:
# Marcus Hanikel

**Marcus Hanikel** (born 10 March 1983) is a retired Austrian footballer.

## InfoBox

Marcus Hanikel
| Hanikel in 2009 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Date of birth | (1983-05-10) 10 May 1983 | | |
| Place of birth | Vienna, Austria | | |
| Position(s) | Forward | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| –1997 | Favoritner AC | | |
| 1997–2000 | FC Stadlau | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2000–2001 | FC Stadlau | 24 | (5) |
| 2001–2002 | WSG Wattens |  |  |
| 2002–2004 | Wattens/Wacker | 5 | (0) |
| 2004 | Lustenau 07 | 2 | (0) |
| 2004–2005 | SC Untersiebenbrunn | 32 | (13) |
| 2005–2007 | SV Mattersburg | 44 | (3) |
| 2007–2008 | Admira Wacker | 9 | (5) |
| 2008 | SK Schwadorf | 12 | (4) |
| 2008–2011 | Admira Wacker | 66 | (29) |
| 2011–2012 | SV Grödig | 16 | (0) |
| 2012–2013 | SV St. Margrethen | 6 | (2) |
| 2013–2014 | ASK Bad Vöslau | 27 | (9) |
| 2014–2016 | FCM Traiskirchen |  |  |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Vijay Gupta

abstract: Robert Vijay Gupta is an American violinist, speaker, and thought leader. He is a 2018 recipient of the MacArthur "Genius" Grant. (Robert) Vijay Gupta was born in 1987 and grew up in the mid-Hudson Valley of New York, near Poughkeepsie. His parents had immigrated from Bengal, India in the 1970s. At age 7 Gupta enrolled in the pre-college program at the Juilliard School and age 11 he performed solo for the first time with the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra under the baton of Zubin Mehta. He toured internationally as a soloist and recitalist, performing across the United States, India, Europe and Japan. He enrolled in undergraduate studies at Mount Saint Mary College in New York at age 13, initiating coursework towards a degree in pre-medical biology. At 15, he started a 2nd undergraduate degree in violin performance at the Manhattan School of Music, studying under the then concertmaster of the New York Philharmonic, Glenn Dicterow. At 17 he earned a BA from Marist College, in biology. Gupta held neurobiology research internships at CUNY Hunter College and the Harvard Institutes of Medicine, studying spinal cord regeneration and the biochemical pathways of Parkinson's Disease. At Harvard, Gupta met Gottfried Schlaug, a researcher and musician studying the impact of music on the brain of aphasic (stroke) patients. Gupta went on to earn an M.M. in 2007 in Violin Performance from the Yale School of Music, where he studied with Ani Kavafian. Shortly after graduating from Yale, Gupta won his first orchestral audition and joined the Los Angeles Philharmonic in 2007, when he was 19 years old - the youngest violinist to ever join a top-tier American orchestra. Gupta stumbled into advocacy for the homeless of Los Angeles shortly after joining the LA Philharmonic. Gupta joined a group of LA Phil musicians close to Nathaniel Ayers a Juilliard-trained double-bassist whose mental illness left him homeless. Gupta met Ayers through Steve Lopez, the Los Angeles Times columnist who did a series on Ayers, which became a book and movie called "The Soloist." In 2010 Gupta founded ”Street Symphony”, a non-profit organization providing musical engagement, dialogue and teaching artistry for homeless and incarcerated communities in Los Angeles. The organization performs at jails, prisons, shelters and transitional facilities and has presented over 1500 musical performances and workshops, spanning genres of music ranging from classical, choral, jazz, mariachi, reggae and West-African drumming. Every December, the group performs Handel's "Messiah," with musicians from skid row joining with professional musicians to perform. The organization's performances have been highlighted by the LA Times and The New Yorker magazine amongst the most prominent and notable performances in the country. In a 2017 column for the New Yorker, music critic Alex Ross wrote of Gupta, “a visionary violinist...[and] one of the most radical thinkers in the unradical world of American classical music. With Street Symphony, he has created a formidable new model for how musical institutions should engage with the world around them.” Ross calls Gupta “a riveting speaker, at once jovial and intense. He talks rapidly, precisely, and with startling candor.” In 2012 Gupta presented a "TED Talk" entitled "Between Music and Medicine" which has received millions of views. He was featured in TIME 100 NEXT in 2019. In 2024, Gupta was inducted to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. A riveting speaker, Vijay has shared his work with dozens of corporations, campuses, conferences and communities across America over the past 10 years, including The Richmond Forum, The Aspen Institute, Hallmark, Accenture, Mayo Clinic, US Psychiatric Congress, American Planning Association, and the League of American Orchestras, just to name a few. Vijay delivered the 33rd annual Nancy Hanks Lecture on Arts and Public Policy for Americans for the Arts and his 2010 TED Talk, “Music is Medicine, Music is Sanity”, has garnered millions of views. A dynamic recording artist, Vijay recently released Breathe, an album of the piano chamber music of Reena Esmail, under his own label. His solo violin album When the Violin, a solo violin album featuring the music of Esmail, J. S. Bach, and Esa-Pekka Salonen was released under his own label on Bandcamp.

text:
# Vijay Gupta

**Robert Vijay Gupta** (born 1987) is an American violinist, speaker, and thought leader. He is a 2018 recipient of the MacArthur "Genius" Grant.

(Robert) Vijay Gupta was born in 1987 and grew up in the mid-Hudson Valley of New York, near Poughkeepsie. His parents had immigrated from Bengal, India in the 1970s. At age 7 Gupta enrolled in the pre-college program at the Juilliard School and age 11 he performed solo for the first time with the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra under the baton of Zubin Mehta. He toured internationally as a soloist and recitalist, performing across the United States, India, Europe and Japan. He enrolled in undergraduate studies at Mount Saint Mary College in New York at age 13, initiating coursework towards a degree in pre-medical biology. At 15, he started a 2nd undergraduate degree in violin performance at the Manhattan School of Music, studying under the then concertmaster of the New York Philharmonic, Glenn Dicterow. At 17 he earned a BA from Marist College, in biology. Gupta held neurobiology research internships at CUNY Hunter College and the Harvard Institutes of Medicine, studying spinal cord regeneration and the biochemical pathways of Parkinson's Disease. At Harvard, Gupta met Gottfried Schlaug, a researcher and musician studying the impact of music on the brain of aphasic (stroke) patients. Gupta went on to earn an M.M. in 2007 in Violin Performance from the Yale School of Music, where he studied with Ani Kavafian. Shortly after graduating from Yale, Gupta won his first orchestral audition and joined the Los Angeles Philharmonic in 2007, when he was 19 years old - the youngest violinist to ever join a top-tier American orchestra.

Gupta stumbled into advocacy for the homeless of Los Angeles shortly after joining the LA Philharmonic. Gupta joined a group of LA Phil musicians close to Nathaniel Ayers a Juilliard-trained double-bassist whose mental illness left him homeless. Gupta met Ayers through Steve Lopez, the Los Angeles Times columnist who did a series on Ayers, which became a book and movie called "The Soloist."

In 2010 Gupta founded ”Street Symphony”, a non-profit organization providing musical engagement, dialogue and teaching artistry for homeless and incarcerated communities in Los Angeles. The organization performs at jails, prisons, shelters and transitional facilities and has presented over 1500 musical performances and workshops, spanning genres of music ranging from classical, choral, jazz, mariachi, reggae and West-African drumming. Every December, the group performs Handel's "Messiah," with musicians from skid row joining with professional musicians to perform. The organization's performances have been highlighted by the LA Times and The New Yorker magazine amongst the most prominent and notable performances in the country.

In a 2017 column for the New Yorker, music critic Alex Ross wrote of Gupta, “a visionary violinist...\[and\] one of the most radical thinkers in the unradical world of American classical music. With Street Symphony, he has created a formidable new model for how musical institutions should engage with the world around them.” Ross calls Gupta “a riveting speaker, at once jovial and intense. He talks rapidly, precisely, and with startling candor.” In 2012 Gupta presented a "TED Talk" entitled "Between Music and Medicine" which has received millions of views. He was featured in TIME 100 NEXT in 2019. In 2024, Gupta was inducted to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

A riveting speaker, Vijay has shared his work with dozens of corporations, campuses, conferences and communities across America over the past 10 years, including The Richmond Forum, The Aspen Institute, Hallmark, Accenture, Mayo Clinic, US Psychiatric Congress, American Planning Association, and the League of American Orchestras, just to name a few. Vijay delivered the 33rd annual Nancy Hanks Lecture on Arts and Public Policy for Americans for the Arts and his 2010 TED Talk, “Music is Medicine, Music is Sanity”, has garnered millions of views.

A dynamic recording artist, Vijay recently released **Breathe**, an album of the piano chamber music of Reena Esmail, under his own label. His solo violin album **When the Violin**, a solo violin album featuring the music of Esmail, J. S. Bach, and Esa-Pekka Salonen was released under his own label on Bandcamp.


title: Umda Sagar Lake

abstract: Umda Sagar Lake is located in the midst of Old City Hyderabad, India. The lake is one of four within Hyderabad, along with Shamirpet, Mir Alam, and Hussain Sagar. In 1954 the lake was described as being 8 miles south of the city. It was constructed during the reign of the Hyderabad Nizam.

text:
# Umda Sagar Lake

**Umda Sagar Lake** is located in the midst of Old City Hyderabad, India. The lake is one of four within Hyderabad, along with Shamirpet, Mir Alam, and Hussain Sagar (the last being largest at 275 km2). In 1954 the lake was described as being 8 miles south of the city.

It was constructed during the reign of the Hyderabad Nizam.

## InfoBox

| Umda Sagar Lake | |
| --- | --- |
| Umda Sagar Lake | |
| Location | Hyderabad, India |
| Coordinates | 17°17′37″N 78°27′25″E / 17.2936°N 78.4570°E / 17.2936; 78.4570 |


title: Montcey

abstract: Montcey is a commune in the Haute-Saône department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France. The town is located near Vesoul.

text:
# Montcey

**Montcey** (French pronunciation: \[mɔ̃sɛ\]) is a commune in the Haute-Saône department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

The town is located near Vesoul.

## InfoBox

| Montcey | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| The town hall in Montcey | |
|  | |
| Location of Montcey | |
| MontceyMontcey | |
| Coordinates: 47°39′23″N 6°14′14″E / 47.6564°N 6.2372°E / 47.6564; 6.2372 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Bourgogne-Franche-Comté |
| Department | Haute-Saône |
| Arrondissement | Vesoul |
| Canton | Vesoul-2 |
| Intercommunality | CA Vesoul |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Jacky Jeanmougin |
| Area**1** | 8.12 km2 (3.14 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 267 |
| Density | 33/km2 (85/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 70358 /70000 |
| Elevation | 282–400 m (925–1,312 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: List of city nicknames in Wisconsin

abstract: This list of city nicknames in Wisconsin compiles the aliases, sobriquets and slogans that Wisconsin's cities and towns are known by, officially and unofficially, to municipal governments, local people, outsiders or their tourism boards or chambers of commerce. City nicknames can help in establishing a civic identity, helping outsiders recognize a community or attracting people to a community because of its nickname; promote civic pride; and build community unity. Nicknames and slogans that successfully create a new community "ideology or myth" are also believed to have economic value. Their economic value is difficult to measure, but there are anecdotal reports of cities that have achieved substantial economic benefits by "branding" themselves by adopting new slogans. Some unofficial nicknames are positive, while others are derisive. The unofficial nicknames listed here have been in use for a long time or have gained wide currency.

text:
# List of city nicknames in Wisconsin

This **list of city nicknames in Wisconsin** compiles the aliases, sobriquets and slogans that Wisconsin's cities and towns are known by (or have been known by historically), officially and unofficially, to municipal governments, local people, outsiders or their tourism boards or chambers of commerce. City nicknames can help in establishing a civic identity, helping outsiders recognize a community or attracting people to a community because of its nickname; promote civic pride; and build community unity. Nicknames and slogans that successfully create a new community "ideology or myth" are also believed to have economic value. Their economic value is difficult to measure, but there are anecdotal reports of cities that have achieved substantial economic benefits by "branding" themselves by adopting new slogans.

Some unofficial nicknames are positive, while others are derisive. The unofficial nicknames listed here have been in use for a long time or have gained wide currency.

## Nicknames by city

### A

### B

### C

### D

### E

### F

### G

### H

### J

### K

### L

### M

### N

### O

### P

### R

### S

### T

### V

### W


title: Marquand Park

abstract: Marquand Park is a 17-acre (69,000 m⁲) arboretum and recreational area located in Princeton, New Jersey. It contains walking paths, a baseball field, and attractions for children such as a sandbox and a play structure.

text:
# Marquand Park

**Marquand Park** is a 17-acre (69,000 m2) arboretum and recreational area located in Princeton, New Jersey. It contains walking paths, a baseball field, and attractions for children such as a sandbox and a play structure.

## History

Marquand Park was originally the property of the Princeton University professor Judge Richard Field, who bought 30 acres (120,000 m2) of farmland in 1842 for his personal estate. Field began developing part of the estate as an arboretum, and after he died, its development continued under Susan Brown, who acquired the land in 1871, and under Princeton University Professor Allan Marquand, who acquired the property in 1885.

In 1953, 17 acres (69,000 m2) of the land were given to Princeton borough by the Marquand family, and in 1955 a non-profit foundation was created to care for the park. Under the care of the Marquand Park Foundation, over 100 new species and trees of shrubs have been donated to the park or purchased by the foundation for it.

## Notable trees

Eight of the largest trees of their species recorded in New Jersey can be found in the park. Other well-known trees there include a dawn redwood, a critically endangered species which was thought to be extinct until a specimen was discovered in Japan in 1945, and a threadleaf Japanese Maple, which is well known for the corkscrew-like shape of its trunk and branches. (Photographs of the Japanese Maple can be found here.)

1. Zatz, Arline. *New Jersey's Great Gardens*. Woodstock, Vermont: The Countryman Press, 1999.
2. Compton, Dorothy and Ramsay L. Raymond. *A Guide to Marquand Park*. Princeton, New Jersey: Minute Press, 1972.
3. Richie, Peter. *Marquand Park*. Princeton, New Jersey: Minute Press, 1989.
4. Princeton Township - Marquand Park
5. Marquand Park in Princeton, NJ - Kids Play Parks

## InfoBox

| Marquand Park | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | Lovers Lane, Princeton, NJ |
| Created | 1846 |
| Founder | Allan Marquand |
| Designer | John Notman |
| Operated by | The Marquand Foundation |
| Species | Dawn redwood, Japanese Maple |
| Public transit access | Princeton Branch (The Dinky) |
| Website | marquandpark.org |
|  | |
|  | |
| Marquand Park | |
| U.S. Historic district
Contributing property | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Coordinates | 40°20′29.4″N 74°40′16.1″W / 40.341500°N 74.671139°W / 40.341500; -74.671139 |
| Part of | Princeton Historic District (ID75001143) |
| Added to NRHP | 27 June 1975 |
|  | |


title: Marty O'Toole

abstract: Martin James O'Toole was a pitcher in Major League Baseball. He played a total of five seasons for three teams from 1908 to 1914. He pitched and batted right-handed.

text:
# Marty O'Toole

**Martin James O'Toole** (November 27, 1888 – February 18, 1949) was a pitcher in Major League Baseball. He played a total of five seasons for three teams from 1908 to 1914. He pitched and batted right-handed.

## Career

Martin was born to Michael and Mary O'Toole, both Irish immigrants. When he and his siblings were still very young, his parents moved to Framingham, Massachusetts. He made his professional debut on September 21, 1908 near the end of the season for the Cincinnati Reds. He pitched three games for a 1-0 win-loss record and a 2.40 earned run average. He did not play from 1909 to 1910 but reappeared in 1911 for the Pittsburgh Pirates. He pitched in five games for a 3-2 record, 2.37 earned run average, and 34 strikeouts in 38 innings pitched. It would be his only season where he had a positive win-loss record. In 1912 for the Pittsburgh Pirates, he pitched the most games of his career. He pitched 37 games for a 15-17 record, 2.71 earned run average, and 150 strikeouts in 275+13 innings pitched. He led the league with 159 walks. That year, he also tied the National League lead in shutouts with six. He shared the lead with Nap Rucker of the Brooklyn Trolley Dodgers. These six shutouts were the only ones that O'Toole pitched in his career.

He never equaled the statistics he pitched in 1912. In 1913 for the Pittsburgh Pirates, he pitched 28 games, 144⅔ innings pitches, 3.30 earned run average, and a record of 6-8. His 1914 season for the Pittsburgh Pirates proved troublesome, as he accumulated a 1-8 record with a 4.68 earned run average. He was traded during the season to the New York Giants, where he had a record of 1-1. He finished the 1914 season with a cumulative record of 2-9 and a 4.56 earned run average. He retired at the end of the 1914 season with career total of a 27-35 record, 3.21 earned run average, 100 games pitched, 599+13 innings pitched, 31 complete games, and 296 strikeouts. His career batting statistics included a .204 batting average in 211 at bats.

## InfoBox

| Marty O'Toole | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| **Pitcher** | |
| **Born:** (1888-11-27)November 27, 1888
William Penn, Pennsylvania | |
| **Died:** February 18, 1949(1949-02-18) (aged 60)
Aberdeen, Washington | |
| **Batted:** Right**Threw:** Right | |
| MLB debut | |
| September 18, 1908, for the Cincinnati Reds | |
| Last MLB appearance | |
| October 6, 1914, for the New York Giants | |
| MLB statistics | |
| Win–loss record | 27-36 |
| Earned run average | 3.21 |
| Strikeouts | 296 |
|  | |
| Teams | |
|  | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
| * Tied for National League lead in shutouts: 6 (1912) | |


title: Phaeno (mythology)

abstract: In Greek mythology, Phaeno was one of the 3,000 Oceanids, water-nymph daughters of the Titans Oceanus and his sister-spouse Tethys.

text:
# Phaeno (mythology)

In Greek mythology, **Phaeno** (Ancient Greek: Φαινώ *Phainô* means 'appear, reveal, shine') was one of the 3,000 Oceanids, water-nymph daughters of the Titans Oceanus and his sister-spouse Tethys.

## Mythology

Along with her sisters, Phaeno was one of the companions of Persephone when the daughter of Demeter was abducted by Hades.

* *The Homeric Hymns and Homerica* with an English Translation by Hugh G. Evelyn-White. Homeric Hymns. Cambridge, MA.,Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1914. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Greek text available from the same website.
* Pausanias, *Description of Greece* with an English Translation by W.H.S. Jones, Litt.D., and H.A. Ormerod, M.A., in 4 Volumes. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1918. ISBN 0-674-99328-4. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library
* Pausanias, *Graeciae Descriptio.* *3 vols*. Leipzig, Teubner. 1903. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library.


title: Y Llethr

abstract: Y Llethr is the highest mountain in the Rhinogydd range of Snowdonia, in north Wales. The summit consists of a flat grassy top marked only by a small cairn. The summit is more in keeping with its southern flanks than its rugged northern approach. The shortest route to the summit goes from the valley of Cwm Nantcol in the west, either directly or via Bwlch Drws Ardudwy and over the mountain of Rhinog Fach. To the south lies the mountain of Diffwys, to the south-east lies the mountain of Y Garn, to the north lies Rhinog Fach and to the west lies the hill of Moelfre.

text:
# Y Llethr

Listed summits of Y Llethr
| Name | Grid ref | Height | Status |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Diffwys |  | 750 metres (2,461 ft) | sub Marilyn, Hewitt, Nuttall |
| Rhinog Fach |  | 712 metres (2,336 ft) | sub Marilyn, Hewitt, Nuttall |
| Crib-y-rhiw |  | 670 metres (2,198 ft) | Nuttall |

**Y Llethr** is the highest mountain in the Rhinogydd range of Snowdonia, in north Wales. The summit consists of a flat grassy top marked only by a small cairn. The summit is more in keeping with its southern flanks than its rugged northern approach.

The shortest route to the summit goes from the valley of Cwm Nantcol in the west, either directly or via **Bwlch Drws Ardudwy** and over the mountain of Rhinog Fach. To the south lies the mountain of Diffwys, to the south-east lies the mountain of Y Garn, to the north lies Rhinog Fach and to the west lies the hill of Moelfre.

## InfoBox

| Y Llethr | |
| --- | --- |
| Y Llethr from above Llyn Hywel | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 756 m (2,480 ft) |
| Prominence | 561 m (1,841 ft) |
| Parent peak | Moel Siabod |
| Listing | Marilyn, Hewitt, Nuttall |
| Coordinates | 52°48′46.8″N 3°59′9.6″W / 52.813000°N 3.986000°W / 52.813000; -3.986000 |
| Naming | |
| English translation | the slope |
| Language of name | Welsh |
| Pronunciation | Welsh: \[ə ˈɬɛθr\] |
| Geography | |
|  | |
| Location | Gwynedd, Wales |
| Parent range | Rhinogydd |
| OS grid | SH661258 |
| Topo map | OS *Landranger* 124 |