title: Why Me (Kris Kristofferson song)

abstract: "Why Me" is an American country and gospel song written and recorded by American country music singer and songwriter Kris Kristofferson.

text:
# Why Me (Kris Kristofferson song)

"**Why Me**" is an American country and gospel song written and recorded by American country music singer and songwriter Kris Kristofferson.

## Song history

Kristofferson had become the toast of Nashville in the early 1970s, with the massive success of compositions including "For the Good Times", "Me and Bobby McGee", "Sunday Morning Coming Down", and "Help Me Make It Through the Night", among many others. He had a hit of his own as well, with "Lovin' Her Was Easier (Than Anything I'll Ever Do Again)".

"Why Me" was recorded by Kristofferson in 1972, featuring backing vocals by soon-to-be wife Rita Coolidge and up-and-coming singer-songwriter Larry Gatlin. It was released on the album *Jesus Was a Capricorn* in 1973, and became the biggest hit of his career.

According to country music historian Bill Malone, Kristofferson wrote the song during an emotionally low period of his life after having attended a religious service conducted by the Rev. Jimmie Rogers Snow. Malone wrote, "'Why Me, Lord'" - as the song is sometimes known - "may seem greatly out of character for Kristofferson, but it can be interpreted as his own personal religious rephrasing of 'Sunday Morning Coming Down.' In this case, he is 'coming down' not from drugs, but from the whole hedonistic euphoria of the (1960s)." Malone described Kristofferson's gruff vocal styling as "perfect" for the song, since "he sounds like a man who has lived a lot but is now humbling himself before God."

Kristofferson said he went with friends to the church service where he was moved by Larry Gatlin's song "Help Me (Lord)". He said that he had never thought of needing help, but he was at a low point in his life. When the pastor asked the congregation, "Is anybody feeling lost?" "Up goes my hand," Kristofferson says. The Pastor then asked, "Are you ready to accept Christ? Kneel down there." "I'm kneeling there," Kristofferson continues, "and I carry a big load of guilt around...and I was just out of control, crying. It was a release. It really shook me up." Kristofferson later said, "It was just a personal thing I was going through at the time. I had some kind of experience that I can't even explain."

Kristofferson met June Carter Cash and Johnny Cash in a hotel room in 1972 to play them two songs he had written. Kristofferson had just attended a rough screening of a movie Johnny and June were heavily involved in, entitled *The Gospel Road*. Johnny Cash's memoir *Man in Black* reiterated the story that Larry Gatlin sang "Help Me" at the Evangel Temple, which inspired Kristofferson to write the song. Kristofferson also played Cash the song "Burden of Freedom", which was used in *The Gospel Road*.

### Recognition and awards

"Why Me" was Kristofferson's lone major country hit as a solo recording artist, reaching No. 1 on the *Billboard* Hot Country Singles chart in July 1973. The song peaked only at No. 16 on the *Billboard* Hot 100, but had at that time one of the longer runs (19 weeks) in the top 40 and the most chart reversals (6) in one run on the Hot 100. The song spent 38 weeks in the Hot 100 consecutively, almost tying the record set by Johnny Mathis' song "Wonderful! Wonderful!" on the charts for 39 weeks. The song ranked sixth on the list of Billboard Year-End Hot 100 singles of 1973.

"Why Me" was certified gold for sales of one million units by the Recording Industry Association of America.

## Chart performance

## Certifications and sales

Certifications for "Why Me"
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| United States (RIAA) | Gold | 1,000,000^ |
| ^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## Cover versions

## InfoBox

| "Why Me" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Kris Kristofferson | |
| from the album  *Jesus Was a Capricorn* | |
| B-side | "Help Me" |
| Released | March 1973 |
| Recorded | July 8, 1972 |
| Studio | Monument Recording, Nashville, Tennessee |
| Genre | Country gospel |
| Length | 3:26 |
| Label | Monument Records 31909 |
| Songwriter(s) | Kris Kristofferson |
| Producer(s) | Fred Foster |
| Kris Kristofferson singles chronology | |
| "Jesse Younger"
(1972) "**Why Me**"
(1973) "A Song I'd Like to Sing"
(1973) | |


title: Thomas J. Carran

abstract: Thomas Jefferson "Laughing Tom" Carran (1841–1894) was an American attorney and politician. Elected as city attorney of Cleveland in 1867 at the age of just 26, Carran is best remembered for having been elected to the Ohio State Senate.

text:
# Thomas J. Carran

**Thomas Jefferson "Laughing Tom" Carran** (1841–1894) was an American attorney and politician. Elected as city attorney of Cleveland in 1867 at the age of just 26, Carran is best remembered for having been elected to the Ohio State Senate.

## Biography

### Early years

Thomas Jefferson Carran was born February 1, 1841, in Warrensville, Cuyahoga County, Ohio, the son of Robert A. Carran, and the former Mary Neal. He attended and graduated from Western Reserve College in Cleveland, Ohio, teaching school for a short time after completion of his university studies.

Following the outbreak of the American Civil War, Carran enlisted in the 134th Ohio Infantry Regiment, fighting on behalf of the Union Army. He received a field promotion for gallantry on the field of battle, gaining commission as a First Lieutenant in October 1862. Carran would later gain a further promotion, completing his military service at the rank of Captain. Carran fought in the Chickamauga Campaign and at the battle of Mission Ridge and did not muster out of the army until the end of the war.

He married C. Louisa Proudfoot (1846-1904) of Cleveland in 1864, with whom he had two children.

After the war Carran moved to Cleveland and began studying law at a prominent firm in the city. Carran was subsequently admitted to the Ohio state bar in 1866 and went into private practice, quickly establishing a successful firm.

### Political career

Carran's first venture into politics came in 1867, when he ran for and was elected as City Attorney of Cleveland — becoming at age 26 the youngest individual ever elected to that position.

Carran won election to the Ohio State Senate in 1878 as a Republican. During his single term of office, Carran helped to elect John Sherman to the United States Senate, in the process becoming a close personal friend of James A. Garfield, who was elected President of the United States in November 1880. He was also a close field of Congressman and Secretary of State James G. Blaine.

As a member of the Ohio Senate, Carran was regarded as of extremely sunny disposition and given the nickname "Laughing Tom," because, as one contemporary put it, "he simply laughs because he can't help it."

In 1887 Carran moved to Los Angeles, California, establishing a new legal practice there. He was a member of the Grand Army of the Republic and an active Freemason.

### Death and legacy

In June 1894, Carran was tapped to nominate Spencer G. Millard for Lieutenant Governor of California at the State Republican Convention, held in Sacramento. He retired to his room in the evening of June 20 in good spirits, but did not appear on schedule in the morning of June 21. Around noon his friends sought him out at the hotel in which he was staying, but found him laying on his side, dead for a number of hours. A subsequent autopsy determined that Carran had died of heart disease. Carran was 53 years old at the time of his death.

Carran's body was interred at Lake View Cemetery in Cleveland, Ohio.

## Footnotes


title: OrderUp

abstract: OrderUp was an online and mobile food-ordering and delivery company which operated in at least 37 markets. Prior to being acquired by Grubhub, OrderUp was a part of the Groupon family of companies and operated as both OrderUp and Groupon-To-Go.

text:
# OrderUp

**OrderUp** was an online and mobile food-ordering and delivery company which operated in at least 37 markets. Prior to being acquired by Grubhub, OrderUp was a part of the Groupon family of companies and operated as both OrderUp and Groupon-To-Go.

## History

OrderUp started as an online food ordering business, called LionMenus, which served State College, PA. In 2009, the founders relocated to Baltimore, MD and formed LocalUp to expand to additional markets. The company used $1.5 million in investments to facilitate growth into small markets. OrderUp is one of a growing number of companies geared towards capitalizing on online food ordering. Other companies, including Grubhub, provide similar services to restaurants and consumers.

Initially, LocalUp licensed their technology to entrepreneurs who created online food ordering sites in their own communities These licensees white-labeled the technology and ran the everyday operations. LocalUp operated under this licensing model until 2012, when the company rebranded as OrderUp and switched to a franchising model. Now, OrderUp has switched most local sites to the national brand. OrderUp is one of the first companies to provide a digital franchise in order to target local markets.

In August 2014, the company announced a $7 million Series A investment round focused on growing its technical team and expanding its delivery service nationally.

In July 2015, Groupon acquired the company.

In July 2017, Grubhub acquired 27 company-owned OrderUp food delivery markets from Groupon and announced plans to retire the OrderUp brand. Sixty full-time employees were laid off from OrderUp's headquarters in Baltimore.

In October 2018, Grubhub acquired certain assets of 11 remaining franchisee-owned OrderUp food delivery markets across California, Colorado, Indiana, Missouri, Oregon, Oklahoma, and Virginia.

## Size

As of August 2013, OrderUp had sites in about 25 American cities and had launched a mobile application from which users can order food using Android or iOS devices. In 2016, OrderUp was in 62 cities.

## InfoBox

OrderUp
|
|  |
| Formerly | LocalUp |
| Industry | Online Food Ordering and Delivery |
| Founded | Baltimore, Maryland (2009 (2009)) |
| Founder | Chris Jeffery, Jason Kwicien |
| Fate | markets acquired by Grubhub |
| Headquarters | Baltimore, Maryland, United States |
| Number of locations | 37 markets |
| Area served | United States |
| Owner | Just Eat Takeaway |
| Number of employees | 100+ |
| Parent | Grubhub |
| Website | orderup.com |


title: Niaprazine

abstract: Niaprazine (INN) (brand name Nopron) is a sedative-hypnotic drug of the phenylpiperazine group. It has been used in the treatment of sleep disturbances since the early 1970s in several European countries including France, Italy, and Luxembourg. It is commonly used with children and adolescents on account of its favorable safety and tolerability profile and lack of abuse potential. Originally believed to act as an antihistamine and anticholinergic, niaprazine was later discovered to have low or no binding affinity for the H1 and mACh receptors (Ki = > 1 μM), and was instead found to act as a potent and selective 5-HT2A and α1-adrenergic receptor antagonist (Ki = 75 nM and 86 nM, respectively). It possesses low or no affinity for the 5-HT1A, 5-HT2B, D2, and β-adrenergic, as well as at SERT and VMAT (Ki = all > 1 μM), but it does have some affinity for the α2-adrenergic receptor (Ki = 730 nM). Niaprazine has been shown to metabolize to the compound para-fluorophenylpiperazine (pFPP) in a similar manner to how trazodone and nefazodone metabolize to meta-chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP). It is unclear what role, if any, pFPP plays in the clinical effects of niaprazine. However, from animal studies it is known that pFPP, unlike niaprazine, does not produce sedative effects, and instead exerts a behavioral profile indicative of serotonergic activation.

text:
# Niaprazine

**Niaprazine** (INN) (brand name **Nopron**) is a sedative-hypnotic drug of the phenylpiperazine group. It has been used in the treatment of sleep disturbances since the early 1970s in several European countries including France, Italy, and Luxembourg. It is commonly used with children and adolescents on account of its favorable safety and tolerability profile and lack of abuse potential.

Originally believed to act as an antihistamine and anticholinergic, niaprazine was later discovered to have low or no binding affinity for the H1 and mACh receptors (Ki = \> 1 μM), and was instead found to act as a potent and selective 5-HT2A and α1-adrenergic receptor antagonist (Ki = 75 nM and 86 nM, respectively). It possesses low or no affinity for the 5-HT1A, 5-HT2B, D2, and β-adrenergic, as well as at SERT and VMAT (Ki = all \> 1 μM), but it does have some affinity for the α2-adrenergic receptor (Ki = 730 nM).

Niaprazine has been shown to metabolize to the compound *para*-fluorophenylpiperazine (*p*FPP) in a similar manner to how trazodone and nefazodone metabolize to *meta*-chlorophenylpiperazine (*m*CPP). It is unclear what role, if any, *p*FPP plays in the clinical effects of niaprazine. However, from animal studies it is known that *p*FPP, unlike niaprazine, does not produce sedative effects, and instead exerts a behavioral profile indicative of serotonergic activation.

## Synthesis

A Mannich reaction using 4-fluorophenylpiperazine (1), 1,3,5-trioxane (2) and acetone gives the ketone (4). Reaction with hydroxylamine produces the oxime, (5), which is reduced with lithium aluminium hydride to give the amine (6). Amide formation with nicotinic acid (7), activated as its acid chloride, yields nilaprazine.

## InfoBox

Niaprazine
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Clinical data | |
| Trade names | Nopron |
| Other names | CERM-1709 |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | International Drug Names |
| Routes of
administration | Oral |
| ATC code |  |
| Legal status | |
| Legal status | * In general: ℞ (Prescription only) |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Elimination half-life | ~4.5 hours |
| Identifiers | |
| IUPAC name * *N*-{4-\[4-(4-fluorophenyl)piperazin- 1-yl\]butan- 2-yl}pyridine- 3-carboxamide | |
| CAS Number |  |
| PubChem CID |  |
| ChemSpider |  |
| UNII |  |
| KEGG |  |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |  |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.044.014 |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C20H25FN4O |
| Molar mass | 356.445 g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| SMILES * Fc3ccc(N2CCN(CCC(NC(=O)c1cccnc1)C)CC2)cc3 | |
| InChI * InChI=1S/C20H25FN4O/c1-16(23-20(26)17-3-2-9-22-15-17)8-10-24-11-13-25(14-12-24)19-6-4-18(21)5-7-19/h2-7,9,15-16H,8,10-14H2,1H3,(H,23,26) * Key:RSKQGBFMNPDPLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |


title: List of P. League+ mascots

text:
# List of P. League+ mascots

The following is a list of mascots of the teams in P. League+ (PLG). Tainan TSG GhostHawks and Taoyuan Pauian Pilots are teams currently without mascots.

## Current mascots

| Team | Mascot(s) | Tenures | Photo | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Kaohsiung 17LIVE Steelers | Iron | 2021–present |  |  |
| Tainan TSG GhostHawks | *none* | | | |
| Taipei Fubon Braves | Bill | 2020–present |  |  |
| Taoyuan Pauian Pilots | *none* | | | |

## Former mascots

| Team | Mascot(s) | Tenures | Photo | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Formosa Dreamers | Richart | 2020–2023 |  |  |
| | Unicorn | 2020–2024 |  |  |
| Hsinchu Toplus Lioneers | Ready | 2021–2024 |  |  |
| | Uncle | 2021–2024 |  |  |
|

1. "PLG》鋼鐵人打造全新鳳山主場氣勢 艾恩也初亮相". *China Times Group*. November 13, 2021. Retrieved July 22, 2023.
2. "勇士的吉祥物". *臺北富邦勇士籃球隊*.
3. "PLG》台新夢想家成為過去式 最大贊助商組隊進軍T1". *The Liberty Times*. June 26, 2023. Retrieved July 22, 2023.
4. "ABL／夢想家推出吉祥物獨角獸 將由球迷命名". *ETtoday.net*. October 30, 2019. Retrieved July 22, 2023.
5. "攻城獅球團公布第2吉祥物 瑞迪正式打卡月薪同步曝光". *ETtoday.net*. December 11, 2021. Retrieved July 22, 2023.


title: Oleksandr Usyk vs. Marco Huck

abstract: Oleksandr Usyk vs. Marco Huck was a professional boxing match contested on 9 September 2017, for the WBO Cruiserweight championship.

text:
# Oleksandr Usyk vs. Marco Huck

**Oleksandr Usyk vs. Marco Huck** was a professional boxing match contested on 9 September 2017, for the WBO Cruiserweight championship.

## Background

Having made two defences of the WBO belt he had won from Krzysztof Głowacki in September 2016, Oleksandr Usyk entered the World Boxing Super Series in July 2017 as odds on favourite to win. At the WBSS draft Gala, held at the Grimaldi Forum in Monaco on 8 July 2017, Usyk, who was the number one seed, chose to fight former WBO champion Marco Huck. When asked why he chose Huck, Usyk said, "Because of my fans." Huck, who was equally excited, replied that Usyk was his 'wish opponent'.

n 26 July it was announced that the fight would take place at the Max-Schmeling-Halle in Berlin on 9 September 2017. This would mark the second time Usyk would fight in Germany as a professional, having fought there in his third professional bout in April 2014. It would also mark the first fight of the tournament.

On 6 September, at the final press-conference, Huck pushed Usyk in the face-off. In regards to the shove, Huck said, "I wanted to show Usyk that he is in my hometown and that he should be prepared for the battle of his life on Saturday." Usyk, who remained professional and calm, replied, "If you want to be a great champion, you have to beat the best and Huck is one of the best. I chose to enter this tournament because it is a path to achieve my dream of unifying all the belts." As he was leaving the building, Usyk claimed he would 'bury' Huck.

## The fight

Usyk had little trouble in the fight, using his footwork to completely outboxing Huck and continuously landing punches. In round 8, Usyk tripped on Huck's feet and Huck lost a point on the scorecards as he threw a punch at Usyk when the latter was down. Usyk continued to land combinations with little to no response from Huck until referee Robert Byrd stopped the fight in the tenth-round.

## Aftermath

With the win, Usyk progressed to the semi-final stage of the Super Series and was to face the winner of the Mairis Briedis vs. Mike Perez, scheduled for 30 September.

## Undercard

Confirmed bouts:

## Broadcasting

| Country | Broadcaster |
| --- | --- |
| Baltic & Nordic countries | Viasat |
| Belgium | VOO |
| Bulgaria | Nova |
| Canada | Super Channel |
| Germany | SAT.1 |
| Russia | Match! Boets |
| Singapore | StarHub |
| Sub-Saharan Africa | TVMS |
| Turkey | Tivibu Sports |
| United Kingdom | ITV |
| Ukraine | Inter |

## InfoBox

Oleksandr Usyk vs. Marco Huck
| Date | 9 September 2017 |
| --- | --- |
| Venue | Max-Schmeling-Halle, Prenzlauer Berg, Berlin, Germany |
| Title(s) on the line | WBO cruiserweight title |
| Tale of the tape | |
| Boxer  Oleksandr Usyk  Marco Huck  Nickname  "The Cat"  "Käpt'n"  Hometown Simferopol, Crimea, Ukraine Berlin, Germany  Pre-fight record  12–0 (10 KO)  40–4–1 (27 KO)  Age  30 years, 7 months  32 years, 9 months  Height  6 ft 3 in (191 cm)  6 ft 2 in (188 cm)  Weight 199+12 lb (90 kg) 198+45 lb (90 kg)  Style  Southpaw  Orthodox  Recognition WBO
Cruiserweight Champion
*The Ring*/TBRB
No. 1 Ranked Cruiserweight WBO
No. 9 Ranked Cruiserweight
*The Ring*
No. 7 Ranked Cruiserweight
TBRB
No. 10 Ranked Cruiserweight | |
| Result | |
| **Usyk** defeats Huck in the **10th round** via **TKO** | |


title: 1972 Mongolian National Championship

abstract: The 1972 Mongolian National Championship was the ninth recorded edition of the Mongolian National Championship for football, with the first tournament taking place in 1955 and no tournament held the previous year. It would appear however that championships were contested between 1956 and 1963, as sources note that a team called Aldar won the title on numerous occasions during that time. Nonetheless, the 1971 national championship was won by Khudulmur, their third title following victory in the 1964 and 1966 championships.

text:
# 1972 Mongolian National Championship

The **1972 Mongolian National Championship** was the ninth recorded edition of the Mongolian National Championship for football, with the first tournament taking place in 1955 and no tournament held the previous year. It would appear however that championships were contested between 1956 and 1963, as sources note that a team called Aldar won the title on numerous occasions during that time. Nonetheless, the 1971 national championship was won by Khudulmur (literally: *Labour* or *Workers* and also romanised as Hödölmör), their third title following victory in the 1964 and 1966 championships.

## InfoBox

Mongolian National Championship
| Season | 1972 |
| --- | --- |
| Champions | Khudulmur |
| 1971 1973 | |


abstract: The 1962 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship Final was the 31st All-Ireland Final and the deciding match of the 1962 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, an inter-county camogie tournament for the top teams in Ireland. Dublin won a sixth title in a row.

text:
# 1962 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship final

The **1962 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship Final** was the 31st All-Ireland Final and the deciding match of the 1962 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship, an inter-county camogie tournament for the top teams in Ireland.

Dublin won a sixth title in a row.

## InfoBox

1962 All-Ireland Senior Camogie Final
| Event | All-Ireland Senior Camogie Championship 1962 |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Date | 12 August 1962 |
| Venue | Croke Park, Dublin |
| Referee | Maeve Gilroy (Antrim) |
| Attendance | 3,000 |
|


title: Mandeville Sports Centre

abstract: Mandeville Sports Centre is a sports ground and community park in Mandeville North, Canterbury, New Zealand. The park is home to 13 clubs facilitating archery, equestrian events, netball, rugby, tennis, cricket, dog clubs, bowls and squash. The ground held a single List A match in the 1990/91 Shell Cup when Canterbury played Wellington, which resulted in a 19 run victory for Wellington. A number of other sports are played at the complex.

text:
# Mandeville Sports Centre

**Mandeville Sports Centre** is a sports ground and community park in Mandeville North, Canterbury, New Zealand. The park is home to 13 clubs facilitating archery, equestrian events, netball, rugby, tennis, cricket, dog clubs, bowls and squash. The ground held a single List A match in the 1990/91 Shell Cup when Canterbury played Wellington, which resulted in a 19 run victory for Wellington. A number of other sports are played at the complex.

43°23′09.24″S 172°32′09.95″E / 43.3859000°S 172.5360972°E / -43.3859000; 172.5360972

## InfoBox

Mandeville Sports Grounds
| MSC | |
| --- | --- |
| Ground information | |
| Location | Mandeville North, New Zealand |
| Establishment | 1980 (first recorded match) |
| Team information | |
| Canterbury (1990) | |
| As of 2 November 2011<br>Source: Ground profile | |


title: Stewart baronets of Strathgarry (1960)

abstract: The Stewart Baronetcy, of Strathgarry in the County of Perth, was created in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 17 August 1960 for Kenneth Dugald Stewart. He was Chairman of the Trustee Savings Bank Association from 1946 to 1965. The third Baronet died in 2022 and as there were no living male descendants of the first Baronet, the baronetcy is extinct.

text:
# Stewart baronets of Strathgarry (1960)

The **Stewart Baronetcy**, of Strathgarry in the County of Perth, was created in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 17 August 1960 for Kenneth Dugald Stewart. He was Chairman of the Trustee Savings Bank Association from 1946 to 1965. The third Baronet died in 2022 and as there were no living male descendants of the first Baronet, the baronetcy is extinct.

## Stewart baronets, of Strathgarry (1960)

Coat of arms of Stewart baronets of Strathgarry
| CrestA unicorn's head couped Argent and armed and crined Or. EscutcheonQuarterly: 1st & 4th Or a fess chequy Azure and Argent (Stewart); 2nd & 3rd Argent a galley Sable sails furled oars in action Proper flagged Gules (Lorne); the whole within a bordure per pale dexter Vert sinister Argent charged with three roses Gules barbed and seeded Vert. MottoQuhidder Will Zie |
| --- |


title: Whuppity Stoorie

abstract: Whippitie Stourie is a Scottish fairy tale collected by Robert Chambers in Popular Rhymes of Scotland. It is Aarne-Thompson type 500, The Name of the Helper. This categorizes it with Rumpelstiltskin.

text:
# Whuppity Stoorie

**Whippitie Stourie** (pronounced *whuppity stoorie*) is a Scottish fairy tale collected by Robert Chambers in *Popular Rhymes of Scotland*. It is Aarne-Thompson type 500, The Name of the Helper. This categorizes it with *Rumpelstiltskin*.

## Synopsis

A woman's husband went to the fair and never returned; she was left alone with her baby son and owning only a big sow. The sow was about to farrow, and she hoped for a good litter, but one day she went to the pen to find the sow dying. She was distraught, and a fairy woman asked what she would give her if she helped the sow. The woman promised her anything she liked. She saved the sow and demanded the baby. Though she would not listen to any pleas, she did tell the woman that under the fairy laws, she had to wait three days, and the woman could stop her by telling her her name. The woman was distraught the first day, but the second, she went for a walk, and in the forest, she found a quarry where the fairy was spinning and singing that her name was Whuppity Stoorie.

When the fairy came the next day, the woman pleaded with her to take the sow, and then to take herself. The fairy scorned her, asking what she would want with such a woman, and the woman said she knows she is unworthy to tie the shoestrings for Whuppity Stoorie. The fairy woman went screeching away.

* Katharine Briggs, *An Encyclopedia of Fairies, Hobgoblins, Brownies, Boogies, and Other Supernatural Creatures*, "Whuppity Stoorie", p430-432. ISBN 0-394-73467-X


title: Thomas J. Campana Jr.

abstract: Thomas J. Campana Jr. was an inventor. He was awarded about 50 US patents in his 30-year career. His most significant contributions were in the field of push email. He invented and patented a number of new technologies that were later incorporated into Research in Motion's BlackBerry mobile email devices. In 2006, after a protracted legal battle, Research in Motion paid $612.5 million to NTP Inc. to license the patents.

text:
# Thomas J. Campana Jr.

**Thomas J. Campana Jr.** (January 26, 1947–June 8, 2004) was an inventor. He was awarded about 50 US patents in his 30-year career.

His most significant contributions were in the field of push email. He invented and patented a number of new technologies that were later incorporated into Research in Motion's BlackBerry mobile email devices. In 2006, after a protracted legal battle, Research in Motion paid $612.5 million (equivalent to $926 million in 2023) to NTP Inc. to license the patents.

## Early life

Thomas Campana was the son of a milkman and grew up in the southside of Chicago.

## Education and military service

Thomas had an electrical engineering degree from University of Illinois. He was a staff sergeant for the United States Air Force working with radio.

## Inventions

### Push Email

In 1990 Campana invented a form of wireless push email and filed the first in a series of patent applications on it. The technology was evaluated by AT&T but later dropped.

Research in Motion developed a similar technology which they incorporated into their BlackBerry devices. The Blackberry devices were commercially successful, but when Campana tried to license his patents to Research in Motion, they refused to pay a fee.

In order to enforce his patents, Campana, along with his attorney, formed a patent holding company, NTP Inc. Campana assigned ownership of the patents to NTP and NTP filed a patent infringement lawsuit against Research in Motion.

In 2006, after a long legal battle, Research in Motion settled the case and paid a $615 million license fee to cover not only their infringement, but the infringement of all of their customers and business affiliates.

Campana died from cancer on June 8, 2004, at age 57, before the Research in Motion case was settled.

Campana also invented a wireless location technology that helps parents find their kids. This new technology received first prize at the 1996 Consumer Electronics Show.

## Epilogue

The Campana patents are currently undergoing reexamination in the United States Patent and Trademark Office. The patents have been rejected by the patent examiner based on the discovery of previously unknown prior art. NTP has appealed the examiner's rejection to the patent office's Board of Patent Appeals and Interferences. The appeal is still pending. By US law, the patents are still presumed valid until all appeals have been exhausted.

NTP has continued to assert the patents against alleged infringers despite the reexamination. On September 12, 2007, they filed patent infringement lawsuits against AT&T, Verizon, Sprint Nextel, and T-Mobile. Most recently, on June 8, 2010, NTP filed patent infringement lawsuits against several smartphone companies such as Apple, Google, LG, and Microsoft. The suits have not been settled at this time.

## Campana Push Email Patents

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Thomas J. Campana Jr. | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1947-01-26)January 26, 1947 |
| Died | June 8, 2004(2004-06-08) (aged 57) |
| Occupation(s) | Inventor, entrepreneur |
| Spouse(s) | Maxine Campana, Joletta Campana |


title: List of Muisca and pre-Muisca sites

abstract: This is a list of Muisca and pre-Muisca archaeological sites; sites on the Altiplano Cundiboyacense, where archaeological evidence has been discovered of the Muisca and their ancestors of the Herrera, preceramic and prehistorical periods. Over the course of the centuries and mainly in the 21st century, many sites with evidences of Muisca and pre-Muisca presence have been found and reported. The possibly oldest evidence of human settlement in the Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes has been discovered just west of the former Muisca territories, at Pubenza in Tocaima, Cundinamarca. Eight stone tools have been found with bone remains, consisting of among others Haplomastodon and turtles, which have been dated at 16,400 ± 420 years BP. Due to the location at an inundated platform, it is unclear if the bones and thus age were in situ.

text:
# List of Muisca and pre-Muisca sites

ATiSuTeCAgSaHISTCZclass=notpageimage|Important pre-Muisca sites on the Altiplano Cundiboyacense
Rock shelters
Open area settlements
Constructed sites
A - El Abra
Ti - Tibitó
Su - Sueva
Te - Tequendama
C - Checua/Nemocón
Ag - Aguazuque
Sa - Sáchica
H - Lake Herrera
I - *El Infiernito*
ST - Sun Temple
CZ - Cojines del Zaque

This is a **list of Muisca and pre-Muisca** archaeological sites; sites on the Altiplano Cundiboyacense, where archaeological evidence has been discovered of the Muisca and their ancestors of the Herrera, preceramic and prehistorical periods.

Over the course of the centuries and mainly in the 21st century, many sites with evidences of Muisca and pre-Muisca presence have been found and reported.

The possibly oldest evidence of human settlement in the Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes has been discovered just west of the former Muisca territories, at Pubenza in Tocaima, Cundinamarca. Eight stone tools have been found with bone remains, consisting of among others *Haplomastodon* and turtles, which have been dated at 16,400 ± 420 years BP. Due to the location at an inundated platform, it is unclear if the bones and thus age were *in situ*.

## Background

| Stage | Start age | End age |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Prehistory |  | 10,000 |
| Preceramic | 10,000 | 2800 |
| Herrera | 2800 | 1200 |
| Muisca | 1200 | 479 |
| Colonial period | 479 | 206 |
| Colombia | 206 |  |

The Altiplano Cundiboyacense, with its valleys of Sogamoso-Duitama, Tunja and Ubaté-Chiquinquirá and the southeastern flatlands of the Bogotá savanna, as well as the Tenza Valley to the east, was inhabited for 12,000 years by indigenous peoples. At the arrival of the Spanish conquistadors, the area of approximately 25,000 square kilometres (9,700 sq mi) was populated by the Muisca, organised in a loose confederation; the Muisca Confederation.

While various classifications of the archaeological history of the Andean high plateau exist, the most commonly accepted sequence, in years BP, is shown to the right.

## Timeline of inhabitation

## List of Muisca and pre-Muisca sites

| Site name | Image | Municipality | Department | Start | End | Oldest date
years BP | Finds | Notes | Map |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| El Abra |  | Zipaquirá | Cundinamarca | Prehistory | Herrera | 12,560 | Rock art
Stone tools |  |  |
| Tibitó |  | Tocancipá | Cundinamarca | Prehistory | Herrera | 11,850 | Stone & bone tools
Carbon |  |  |
| Sueva |  | Junín | Cundinamarca | Prehistory | Herrera | 11,180 | Rock shelter |  |  |
| Tequendama |  | Soacha | Cundinamarca | Prehistory | Spanish conquest | 11,120 | Stone tools
Domestication of guinea pigs |  |  |
| Piedras del Tunjo |  | Facatativá | Cundinamarca | Prehistory or
Preceramic | Muisca | *unknown* | Rock art
Stone tools |  |  |
| Galindo |  | Bojacá | Cundinamarca | Preceramic | Herrera | 8800 | Open area settlement |  |  |
| Checua |  | Nemocón | Cundinamarca | Preceramic | Herrera | 8500 | Stone tools |  |  |
|  |  | Nemocón | Cundinamarca | Preceramic |  | 7630 | Rock shelter
Main salt producing town |  |  |
| Piedra del Indio
Chía I-VIII
Moon Temple |  | Chía | Cundinamarca | Preceramic |  | 5140 | Rock art
Burial site
Religious place |  |  |
|  |  | Zipaquirá | Cundinamarca | Preceramic |  | 5140 | Main salt producing town |  |  |
| Aguazuque |  | Soacha | Cundinamarca | Preceramic | Herrera | 4065 | Stone tools
Burial grounds
Human remains
Guinea pigs, deer |  |  |
| Lake Herrera |  | Madrid
Mosquera
Bojacá | Cundinamarca | Preceramic | Herrera | 3410 | Stone tools
Ceramics |  |  |
| SO10-IX |  | Sativanorte | Boyacá | Preceramic | Preceramic | 3386 | Muisca mummy |  |  |
|  |  | Zipacón | Cundinamarca | Preceramic |  | 3270 | Rock shelter
Rock art
Oldest agriculture |  |  |
| *El Infiernito* |  | Villa de Leyva | Boyacá | Preceramic | Muisca | 2975 | Archaeoastronomical site
Muisca mummy |  |  |
|  |  | Pasca | Cundinamarca | Herrera |  | 1400 | Muisca raft |  |  |
|  |  | Buenavista | Boyacá | Herrera |  | 1396 | Nose piece and pectoral
dated at 620 & 990 AD |  |  |
|  |  | Suesca | Cundinamarca | Muisca |  |  | 150 Muisca mummies
Petrographs
Ceramics |
 |  |
|  |  | Gachantivá | Boyacá | Muisca |  |  | Muisca mummy
Muisca copper mines |  |  |
|  |  | Gachancipá | Cundinamarca | Muisca |  |  | Muisca mummy |  |  |
|  |  | Ubaté | Cundinamarca | Muisca |  |  | Muisca mummy |  |  |
|  |  | Tenjo | Cundinamarca | Muisca |  |  | Petrographs |  |  |
|  |  | Tibacuy | Cundinamarca | Muisca |  |  | Petrographs |  |  |
|  |  | Berbeo | Boyacá | Muisca |  |  | Petroglyphs |  |  |
|  |  | Sáchica | Boyacá | Muisca |  |  | Petrographs |  |  |
| Ocetá Páramo |  | Monguí | Boyacá |  | Muisca |  | Petroglyphs
Birth sites
Myths |  |  |
| Payará |  | Tausa | Cundinamarca |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | Choachí | Cundinamarca | Muisca |  |  | Choachí Stone |  |  |
|  |  | La Calera | Cundinamarca | Muisca |  |  | Petrographs |  |  |
|  |  | Chipaque | Cundinamarca | Muisca |  |  | Petrographs |  |  |
|  |  | Cogua | Cundinamarca | Muisca |  |  | Petrographs |  |  |
|  |  | Cota | Cundinamarca | Muisca |  |  | Petrographs |  |  |
|  |  | Cucunubá | Cundinamarca | Muisca |  |  | Petrographs |  |  |
|  |  | Guachetá | Cundinamarca | Muisca |  |  | Petrographs |  |  |
|  |  | Guasca | Cundinamarca | Muisca |  |  | Petrographs |  |  |
|  |  | Guatavita | Cundinamarca | Muisca |  |  | Petrographs |  |  |
|  |  | Machetá | Cundinamarca | Muisca |  |  | Petrographs |  |  |
|  |  | Madrid | Cundinamarca | Muisca |  |  | Petrographs |  |  |
|  |  | Mosquera | Cundinamarca | Muisca |  |  | Petrographs |  |  |
|  |  | San Antonio
del Tequendama | Cundinamarca | Muisca |  |  | Petrographs |  |  |
|  |  | San Francisco | Cundinamarca | Muisca |  |  | Petrographs |  |  |
|  |  | Sibaté | Cundinamarca | Muisca |  |  | Petrographs |  |  |
|  |  | Subachoque | Cundinamarca | Muisca |  |  | Petrographs |  |  |
|  |  | Tena | Cundinamarca | Muisca |  |  | Petrographs |  |  |
|  |  | Tibiritá | Cundinamarca | Muisca |  |  | Petrographs |  |  |
|  |  | Tocancipá | Cundinamarca | Muisca |  |  | Petrographs |  |  |
|  |  | Une | Cundinamarca | Muisca |  |  | Petrographs |  |  |
|  |  | Bosa | Cundinamarca | Muisca |  |  | Petrographs |  |  |
|  |  | Usme | Cundinamarca | Muisca |  |  | Muisca mummy
Petrographs |
 |  |
|  |  | Boavita | Boyacá | Muisca |  |  | Muisca mummy |  |  |
|  |  | Tasco | Boyacá | Muisca |  |  | Muisca mummy |  |  |
|  |  | Tópaga | Boyacá | Muisca |  |  | Muisca mummy |  |  |
|  |  | Gámeza | Boyacá | Muisca |  |  | Muisca mummy
Petrographs |
 |  |
|  |  | Belén | Boyacá | Muisca |  |  | Petrographs |  |  |
|  |  | Iza | Boyacá | Muisca |  |  | Petrographs |  |  |
|  |  | Mongua | Boyacá | Muisca |  |  | Petrographs |  |  |
|  |  | Motavita | Boyacá | Muisca |  |  | Petrographs |  |  |
|  |  | Ramiriquí | Boyacá | Muisca |  |  | Petrographs |  |  |
|  |  | Saboyá | Boyacá | Muisca |  |  | Petrographs |  |  |
|  |  | Tibaná | Boyacá | Muisca |  |  | Petrographs |  |  |
|  |  | Sutamarchán | Boyacá | Muisca |  |  | Muisca ceramics production |  |  |
|  |  | Tinjacá | Boyacá | Muisca |  |  | Muisca ceramics production |  |  |
| Sun Temple |  | Sogamoso | Boyacá | Muisca | September 1537 |  | Most important Muisca temple |  |  |
| Cojines del Zaque |  | Tunja | Boyacá | Muisca | Early colonial |  | Religious place |  |  |
| Hunzahúa Well |  | Tunja | Boyacá | Muisca | Early colonial |  | Mythological place |  |  |
| Goranchacha Temple |  | Tunja | Boyacá | Muisca | Early colonial |  | Temple of Goranchacha |  |  |
|

## Bibliography

* Aceituno Bocanegra, Francisco Javier; Rojas Mora, Sneider (2012), "Del Paleoindio al Formativo: 10.000 años para la historia de la tecnología lítica en Colombia - From the Paleoindian to the Formative Stage: 10,000 years for the history of lithic technology in Colombia" (PDF), *Boletín de Antropología* (in Spanish), **28** (43), University of Antioquia: 124–156, ISSN 0120-2510, retrieved 2016-07-08
* Cooke, Richard (1998), "Human settlement of Central America and northernmost South America (14,000-8000 BP)", *Quaternary International*, 49/50 (1), Pergamon: 177–190, Bibcode:1998QuInt..49..177C, doi:10.1016/S1040-6182(97)00062-1, ISSN 1040-6182
* Correal Urrego, Gonzalo (1990), *Aguazuque: Evidence of hunter-gatherers and growers on the high plains of the Eastern Ranges* (PDF) (in Spanish), Bogotá, Colombia: Banco de la República: Fundación de Investigaciones Arqueológicas Nacionales, pp. 1–316, retrieved 2016-07-08
* Groot de Mahecha, Ana María (2014) \[2008\], *Sal y poder en el altiplano de Bogotá, 1537-1640* (in Spanish), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, pp. 1–174, ISBN 978-958-719-046-5
* Groot de Mahecha, Ana María (1992), *Checua: Una secuencia cultural entre 8500 y 3000 años antes del presente - Checua: a cultural sequence between 8500 and 3000 years before present*, Banco de la República, pp. 1–95, retrieved 2016-07-08
* Izquierdo Peña, Manuel Arturo (2009), *The Muisca Calendar: An approximation to the timekeeping system of the ancient native people of the northeastern Andes of Colombia (M.A.)*, Université de Montréal, pp. 1–170, arXiv:0812.0574
* López Estupiñán, Laura (2011), *Topando piedras, sumercé. Narraciones en torno a las piedras de Iza y Gámeza, Boyacá, Colombia - Bumping into stones, mister. Tales around the stones of Iza and Gámeza, Boyacá, Colombia (M.A.)* (M.A.) (in Spanish), vol. 2, Rupestreweb, retrieved 2016-07-08
* Martínez Celis, Diego; Botiva Contreras, Álvaro (2004a), *Manual de arte rupestre de Cundinamarca - Manual of rock art of Cundinamarca* (in Spanish), ICANH, pp. 1–60, ISBN 958-8181-07-0
* Martínez Celis, Diego; Botiva Contreras, Álvaro (2004b), *Introducción al arte rupestre* (in Spanish), ICANH, pp. 1–28
* Martínez Martín, Abel Fernando; Martínez Santamaría, Luz (2012), "Sobre la momificación y los cuerpos momificados de los muiscas - On mummification and the mummified bodies of the Muisca", *Revista Salud Historia Sanidad*, 7 (in Spanish), **1**: 61–80, ISSN 1909-2407
* Martínez Martín, Abel Fernando; Meléndez, Fernardo Francisco; Manrique, Fred Gustavo (2010), "Bio-anthropology and paleopathology of the SO10-IX Muisca mummy from Sátivanorte, Boyacá, Colombia", *Colombia Médica*, **41** (2), Universidad del Valle: 112–120, ISSN 1657-9534
* Muñoz Castiblanco, Guillermo (2013), *Catalogación, registro sistemático y diagnóstico de las pinturas rupestres del Parque Arqueológico de Facatativá* (in Spanish), GIPRI, pp. 1–89
* Muñoz Castiblanco, Guillermo (2006), *Pinturas rupestres en el Altiplano Cundiboyacense, Colombia - concentración y diversidad en la Sabana de Bogotá: Municipio de Suacha-Sibaté Cundinamarca - Rock paintings on the Altiplano Cundiboyacense, Colombia - concentration and diversity on the Bogotá savanna: municipality of Soacha-Sibaté, Cundinamarca* (in Spanish), pp. 1–22
* Ocampo López, Javier (2007), *Grandes culturas indígenas de América - Great indigenous cultures of the Americas* (in Spanish), Bogotá, Colombia: Plaza & Janes Editores Colombia S.A., pp. 1–238, ISBN 978-958-14-0368-4
* Silva Celis, Eliécer (1981), *Investigaciones en Villa de Leiva* (in Spanish), pp. 1–18
* Valverde, Alejandra (2007), "Prácticas funerarias desde la arqueología: El caso de las momias de la Sierra Nevada del Cocuy - Funerary practices in archaeology: The study of Sierra Nevada del Cocuy's mummies, Colombia", *Antípoda*, **5**, Universidad de los Andes: 275–291, doi:10.7440/antipoda5.2007.12, ISSN 1900-5407
* *Cronologías de la región Muisca* (PDF), University of Pittsburgh, pp. 1–5, retrieved 2016-07-08

## Further reading


title: Olia Chain

abstract: The Olia Chain is a small mountain range in the southwest of the Northern Territory, Australia. It forms the southeastern end of the Petermann Ranges and their connection with the Musgrave Ranges further south. The Olia Chain consists of scattered outcrops of rocky hills, separated and surrounded by sandy plains. It extends from Katamala Cone (828 m) at its northern end to Mantarur in the south. The centre of the chain is dominated by Stevenson Peak (1025 m). A few kilometres northeast of this peak is a Pitjantjatjara outstation, Pirrulpakalarintja. The Olia Chain mostly consist of flat-topped ridges composed of sandstone, slate, quartzite, and limestone rock beds.

text:
# Olia Chain

25°29′S 130°10′E / 25.483°S 130.167°E / -25.483; 130.167 The **Olia Chain** (or **The Olias**) is a small mountain range in the southwest of the Northern Territory, Australia. It forms the southeastern end of the Petermann Ranges and their connection with the Musgrave Ranges further south. The Olia Chain consists of scattered outcrops of rocky hills, separated and surrounded by sandy plains. It extends from Katamala Cone (828 m) at its northern end to Mantarur (including Butler's Dome, 1102 m) in the south. The centre of the chain is dominated by Stevenson Peak (1025 m). A few kilometres northeast of this peak is a Pitjantjatjara outstation, Pirrulpakalarintja.

The Olia Chain mostly consist of flat-topped ridges composed of sandstone, slate, quartzite, and limestone rock beds.


title: 1971 CONCACAF Champions' Cup

abstract: The 1971 CONCACAF Champions' Cup was the 7th edition of the annual international club football competition held in the CONCACAF region, the CONCACAF Champions' Cup. It determined that year's club champion of association football in the CONCACAF region. It was played from August 22, 1971, till April 19, 1972, under the home/away match system. The teams were split into 3 zones, each one qualifying two teams to the final tournament, played for the first time in a group system. After the end of the group, a playoff match had to be played because two teams ended with the same points in the lead of the group. This tournament included the Rochester Lancers, the only team from the original North American Soccer League to take part. Cruz Azul from Mexico won the final, and became for the third time in its history became CONCACAF champion.

text:
# 1971 CONCACAF Champions' Cup

The **1971 CONCACAF Champions' Cup** was the 7th edition of the annual international club football competition held in the CONCACAF region (North America, Central America and the Caribbean), the CONCACAF Champions' Cup. It determined that year's club champion of association football in the CONCACAF region. It was played from August 22, 1971, till April 19, 1972, under the home/away match system.

The teams were split into 3 zones (North American, Central American and Caribbean), each one qualifying two teams to the final tournament, played for the first time in a group system. After the end of the group, a playoff match had to be played because two teams ended with the same points in the lead of the group. This tournament included the Rochester Lancers, the only team from the original North American Soccer League to take part.

Cruz Azul from Mexico won the final, and became for the third time in its history became CONCACAF champion.

## North American Zone

| October 3, 1971 | **Elizabeth** | **0–0** | **Cruz Azul** | Elizabeth, United States |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |  | Stadium: Farcher's Grove |

| October 13, 1971 | **Cruz Azul** | **2–0**
(**2–0** agg.) | **Elizabeth** | Mexico City, Mexico |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |  | Stadium: Estadio Azteca |
| *Note: Elizabeth S.C. forfeit* | | | | |

Elizabeth S.C. forfeit.

Cruz Azul advanced to the CONCACAF Final Tournament.

---

| September 19, 1971 | **Rochester Lancers** | **4–1** | **Pembroke Hamilton** | Rochester, United States |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |  | Stadium: Aquinas Memorial Stadium |
| *Note:* | | | | |

| September 26, 1971 | **Pembroke Hamilton** | **3–1**
(**4–5** agg.) | **Rochester Lancers** | Hamilton, Bermuda |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |  | Stadium: Bermuda National Stadium |
| *Note:* | | | | |

Rochester Lancers advanced to the CONCACAF Final Tournament.

## Central American Zone

### Preliminary round

| August 22, 1971 | **Diriangén** | **0–5** | **Comunicaciones** | Diriamba, Nicaragua |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  | Omar Larrosa
Enrique Mendoza
Hector Tambasco | Stadium: Estadio Colegio La Salle |

| August 29, 1971 | **Comunicaciones** | **10–1**
(**15–1** agg.) | **Diriangén** | Guatemala City, Guatemala |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Hernán Godoy
Omar Larrosa
 |  |  | Stadium: Estadio Doroteo Guamuch Flores |

* *Comunicaciones advanced to the First Round.*

### First round

| August 22, 1971 | **Aurora** | **2–1** | **Atlético Marte** | San Salvador, El Salvador |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Alex Frank
Edgar Gonzalez |  |  | Stadium: Estadio Jorge "El Mágico" González |

| August 29, 1971 | **Atlético Marte** | **1–1**
(**2–3** agg.) | **Aurora** | Guatemala City, Guatemala |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Sergio Mendez |  | Edgar Gonzalez | Stadium: Estadio Doroteo Guamuch Flores |

Aurora advanced to the Second Round.

---

| September 19, 1971 | **Motagua** | **0–3** | **Saprissa** | Tegucigalpa, Honduras |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  | Hernán Morales  10'
Fernando Hernández  18'
Edgar Marín  60' | Stadium: Estadio Tiburcio Carías Andino
Referee: Ramón Molinero (GUA) |

| September 26, 1971 | **Saprissa** | **2–0**
(**5–0** agg.) | **Motagua** | San José, Costa Rica |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Odir Jacques  22'  65' |  |  | Stadium: Estadio Ricardo Saprissa Aymá
Referee: Ramón Molinero (GUA) |

Saprissa advanced to the Second Round.

---

| September 26, 1971 | **Comunicaciones** | **5–2** | **FAS** | Guatemala City, Guatemala |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Omar Larrosa
Oscar Molina
Hugo Torres |  | David Cabrera
Ricardo “la Tuca” Gómez | Stadium: Estadio Doroteo Guamuch Flores |

| October 3, 1971 | **FAS** | **0–3**
(**2–8** agg.) | **Comunicaciones** | Santa Ana, El Salvador |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  | Hernán Godoy
Peter Sandoval
Hugo Torres | Stadium: Estadio Óscar Quiteño |

Comunicaciones advance to the second round

---

| September 26, 1971 | **Olimpia** | **0–0** | **Alajuelense** | Tegucigalpa, Honduras |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |  | Stadium: Estadio Tiburcio Carías Andino |

| October 12, 1971 | **Alajuelense** | **1–0**
(**1–0** agg.) | **Olimpia** | Alajuela, Costa Rica |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Walter Elizondo |  |  | Stadium: Estadio Alejandro Morera Soto
Attendance: 5,775 |

Alajuelense advanced to the Second Round.

### Second round

| November 7, 1971 | **Aurora** | **1–2** | **Comunicaciones** | Guatemala City, Guatemala |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Rolando Valdez |  | Oscar Molina | Stadium: Estadio del Ejército |

| November 14, 1971 | **Comunicaciones** | **1–0**
(**3–1** agg.) | **Aurora** | Guatemala City, Guatemala |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | (o.g.) |  |  | Stadium: Estadio Doroteo Guamuch Flores |

Comunicaciones advance to the Final Tournament

---

| November 14, 1971 | **Saprissa** | **1–5** | **Alajuelense** | Heredia, Costa Rica |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Carlos Solano  52' |  | Mario Vega  27'
Alfredo Piedra  47'
Chávez  49'
Victor Ruiz 65'
Oscar Cordero  88' | Stadium: Estadio Eladio Rosabal Cordero |

| November 21, 1971 | **Alajuelense** | **0–3**
(**5–4** agg.) | **Saprissa** | Alajuela, Costa Rica |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  | Francisco Hernández  5'
Jaime Grant  10'  48' | Stadium: Estadio Alejandro Morera Soto |

Alajuelense advanced to the Final Tournament

## Caribbean Zone

| September 30, 1971 | **Transvaal** | **3–1** | **Thomas United** |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  | Pierre |  |

| October 5, 1971 | **Thomas United** | **0–3**
(**1–6** agg.) | **Transvaal** |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

Transvaal advanced to the Final Tournament

---

|  | **Estrella** | **w.o.** | Aigle Noir |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

Estrella advance to the Final Tournament

## CONCACAF Final Tournament

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Cruz Azul | 5 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 17 | 4 | +13 | 8 | Forced to a playoff |
| 2 | Alajuelense | 5 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 5 | +3 | | 8 |
| 3 | Comunicaciones (H) | 5 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 15 | 7 | +8 | 5 |  |
| 4 | Rochester Lancers | 5 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 5 | +1 | | 5 |
| 5 | Transvaal | 5 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 8 | 5 | | 4 |
| 6 | Estrella | 5 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 1 | 21 | 20 | | 0 |

Source:
(H) Hosts * After the end of the group stage a playoff match had to be played due to Cruz Azul and Alajuelense ended with the same points in the lead of the group.
* The final tournament was played in Guatemala City.

|  | **Rochester Lancers** | **2–0** | **Transvaal** | Guatemala City, Guatemala |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Eli Durante
Carlos Dell’Omodarme |  |  | Stadium: Mateo Flores Stadium
Attendance: 42,000 |

| March 16, 1972 | **Comunicaciones** | **7–0** | **Estrella** | Guatemala City, Guatemala |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Héctor Tambasco
Carlos Guzmán
Enrique Mendoza
Antonio Rojas
Oscar Molina |  |  | Stadium: Mateo Flores Stadium
Attendance: 42,000 |

| March 14, 1972 | **Alajuelense** | **2–1** | **Estrella** |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Emilio Valle |  | Ismael Croes |  |

| March 14, 1972 | **Cruz Azul** | **1–1** | **Transvaal** | Guatemala City, Guatemala |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Octavio Muciño |  | Edwin Schal | Stadium: Mateo Flores Stadium |

| March 16, 1972 | **Cruz Azul** | **1–1** | **Rochester Lancers** | Guatemala City, Guatemala |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Manfred Seissler |  | José Luis Desachy | Stadium: Mateo Flores Stadium
Attendance: 25,000 |

| March 16, 1972 | **Comunicaciones** | **3–1** | **Transvaal** | Guatemala City, Guatemala |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Héctor Tambasco |  | Edwin Schal | Stadium: Mateo Flores Stadium
Attendance: 25,000 |

| March 20, 1972 | **Rochester Lancers** | **2–0** | **Estrella** | Guatemala City, Guatemala |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Francisco Escos
Charlie Mitchell |  |  | Stadium: Mateo Flores Stadium
Attendance: 20,000 |

| March 20, 1972 | **Comunicaciones** | **1–2** | **Alajuelense** | Guatemala City, Guatemala |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Antonio Rojas |  | Walter Elizondo | Stadium: Mateo Flores Stadium
Attendance: 20,000 |

| March 22, 1972 | **Alajuelense** | **2–0** | **Transvaal** | Guatemala City, Guatemala |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Roy Saénz
Emilio Valle |  |  | Stadium: Mateo Flores Stadium
Attendance: 6,000 |

| March 22, 1972 | **Cruz Azul** | **9–0** | **Estrella** | Guatemala City, Guatemala |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Octavio Muciño
Cesareo Victorino
Alberto Gómez
Fernando Bustos
Antonio Munguía |  |  | Stadium: Mateo Flores Stadium |

| March 23, 1972 | **Cruz Azul** | **3–1** | **Alajuelense** |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Fernando Busto
Octavio Muciño |  | Carlos Mejía |  |

| March 23, 1972 | **Comunicaciones** | **3–1** | **Rochester Lancers** |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Oscar Molina
Peter Sandoval |  | Manfred Seissler |  |

| March 26, 1972 | **Transvaal** | **1–0** | **Estrella** | Guatemala City, Guatemala |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Edwin Schal |  |  | Stadium: Mateo Flores Stadium
Attendance: 1,500 |

| March 26, 1972 | **Alajuelense** | **1–0** | **Rochester Lancers** | Guatemala City, Guatemala |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Walter Elizondo |  |  | Stadium: Mateo Flores Stadium
Attendance: 40,000 |

| March 26, 1972 | **Cruz Azul** | **3–1** | **Comunicaciones** | Guatemala City, Guatemala |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Octavio Muciño
Javier Guzmán |  | Oscar Molina | Stadium: Mateo Flores Stadium
Attendance: 40,000 |

### Playoff

Playoff

| Cruz Azul | 5–1 | Alajuelense |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Bustos  16'
Vera  25', 60'
Muciño  70', 75' (pen.) |  | Villalobos  43' |

Estadio Azteca, Mexico CityReferee: Henry Dandawer (USA)

## Champion

| CONCACAF Champions' Cup
1971 Champion |
| --- |
|
Cruz Azul
Third title |

## InfoBox

1971 CONCACAF Champions' Cup
| Tournament details | |
| --- | --- |
| Dates | August 22, 1971 – April 19, 1972 |
| Teams | 22 (from 12 associations) |
| Final positions | |
| Champions | Cruz Azul (3rd title) |
| Runners-up | Alajuelense |
|


title: Manorama Singh

abstract: Manorama Singh is an Indian politician. Her late husband Chandrashekhar Singh served as Chief Minister of Bihar. She was elected to the Lok Sabha from the Banka in Bihar as a member of the Indian National Congress in 1980s. She was elected to Lok Sabha from Banka in 1984, but vacated the seat when her husband was made minister in Delhi in 1985. Her husband died in 1986, and one more bye-poll had to be held in 1986. She won 1986 Banka bye-election against George Fernandes of Janata Party with 186,237 votes against 156,853 votes. She lost election from Banka as Congress candidate in 1989, 1991, and 1996.

text:
# Manorama Singh

**Manorama Singh** is an Indian politician. Her late husband Chandrashekhar Singh served as Chief Minister of Bihar. She was elected to the Lok Sabha from the Banka in Bihar as a member of the Indian National Congress in 1980s.

She was elected to Lok Sabha from Banka in 1984, but vacated the seat when her husband was made minister in Delhi in 1985. Her husband died in 1986, and one more bye-poll had to be held in 1986. She won 1986 Banka bye-election against George Fernandes of Janata Party with 186,237 votes against 156,853 votes. She lost election from Banka as Congress candidate in 1989, 1991, and 1996.

## InfoBox

| Manorama Singh | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha | |
| **In office**
1984–1985 | |
| Preceded by | Chandrashekhar Singh |
| Succeeded by | Chandrashekhar Singh |
| Constituency | Banka (Bihar) |
| **In office**
1986–1989 | |
| Preceded by | Chandrashekhar Singh |
| Succeeded by | Pratap Singh |
| Constituency | Banka (Bihar) |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1938-05-04)4 May 1938
Kalyanpur Village, Monghyr District, Bihar, British India |
| Political party | Indian National Congress |
| Spouse | Chandrashekhar Singh |
| Source: | |


abstract: Steven Smith is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman who played for the Philadelphia Flyers and Buffalo Sabres in 17 National Hockey League (NHL) games.

text:
# Steve Smith (ice hockey, born April 4, 1963)

**Steven Smith** (born April 4, 1963) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman who played for the Philadelphia Flyers and Buffalo Sabres in 17 National Hockey League (NHL) games.

## Career

Smith was drafted 16th overall in the first round of 1981 NHL Entry Draft by the Philadelphia Flyers, from the Sault Ste. Marie Greyhounds. He played his first eight NHL games in November 1981. Despite being drafted in the first round and being regarded as a highly-rated prospect, Smith spent most of his professional career in the minors. After winning the Calder Cup as a member of the Hershey Bears in 1987–88, Smith left the Flyers organization in the off-season and signed with the Calgary Flames on July 14. Before playing any games with his new team, he was claimed by the Buffalo Sabres in the 1988 NHL Waiver Draft and saw his last NHL action early in the 1988–89 season.

## Career statistics

|  | | |  | Regular season | | | | |  | Playoffs | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Season | Team | League | | GP |  |  | Pts | PIM | | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| 1979–80 | Belleville Bobcats | OPJHL | | 42 | 8 | 25 | 33 | 105 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1979–80 | Peterborough Petes | OMJHL | | 5 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 0 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1980–81 | Sault Ste. Marie Greyhounds | OHL | | 61 | 3 | 37 | 40 | 143 | | 19 | 0 | 6 | 6 | 60 |
| 1981–82 | Philadelphia Flyers | NHL | | 8 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1981–82 | Sault Ste. Marie Greyhounds | OHL | | 50 | 7 | 20 | 27 | 179 | | 12 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 23 |
| 1982–83 | Sault Ste. Marie Greyhounds | OHL | | 55 | 11 | 33 | 44 | 139 | | 16 | 0 | 8 | 8 | 28 |
| 1983–84 | Springfield Indians | AHL | | 70 | 4 | 25 | 29 | 77 | | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1984–85 | Philadelphia Flyers | NHL | | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1984–85 | Springfield Indians | AHL | | 5 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1984–85 | Hershey Bears | AHL | | 65 | 10 | 20 | 30 | 83 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1985–86 | Philadelphia Flyers | NHL | | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1985–86 | Hershey Bears | AHL | | 49 | 1 | 11 | 12 | 96 | | 16 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 43 |
| 1986–87 | Philadelphia Flyers | NHL | | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1986–87 | Hershey Bears | AHL | | 66 | 11 | 26 | 37 | 191 | | 5 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 8 |
| 1987–88 | Hershey Bears | AHL | | 66 | 10 | 19 | 29 | 132 | | 12 | 2 | 10 | 12 | 35 |
| 1988–89 | Buffalo Sabres | NHL | | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1988–89 | Rochester Americans | AHL | | 48 | 2 | 12 | 14 | 79 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1989–90 | Rochester Americans | AHL | | 42 | 3 | 15 | 18 | 107 | | 17 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 27 |
| 1990–91 | Rochester Americans | AHL | | 37 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 74 | | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| 1991–92 | Rochester Americans | AHL | | 3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1991–92 | EK Zell am See | AUT | | 28 | 11 | 6 | 17 |  | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1992–93 | EV MAK Bruneck | ITA | | 16 | 6 | 21 | 27 | 4 | | 4 | 10 | 6 | 16 | 0 |
| 1992–93 | EV MAK Bruneck | AL | | 30 | 12 | 24 | 36 | 20 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| NHL totals | | | | 17 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 15 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| AHL totals | | | | 451 | 44 | 133 | 177 | 841 | | 59 | 4 | 21 | 25 | 117 |

## InfoBox

| Steve Smith | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Born | (1963-04-04) April 4, 1963
Trenton, Ontario, Canada | | |
| Height | 5 ft 9 in (175 cm) | | |
| Weight | 195 lb (88 kg; 13 st 13 lb) | | |
| Position | Defence | | |
| Shot | Left | | |
| Played for | Philadelphia Flyers
Buffalo Sabres | | |
| NHL draft | 16th overall, 1981
Philadelphia Flyers | | |
| Playing career | 19811993 | | |


title: Whut? Thee Album

abstract: Whut? Thee Album is the debut studio album by American rapper Redman. It was released on September 22, 1992, by Def Jam Recordings, Rush Associated Labels and Chaos Recordings, a dimension of Columbia Records. Taking place at Ian London Studios, North Shore Soundworks, and Power Play Studios, the recording sessions began in 1991 and continued into 1992. The album was produced by Redman, his mentor and fellow Hit Squad member Erick Sermon, and Pete Rock. Upon its release, Whut? Thee Album debuted at number 59 on the US Billboard 200, and peaked at number 49 the following week. In June 1993, the album was certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), exceeding the sales of 500,000 copies in the United States. The album initially garnered favorable reviews from music critics due to Redman's humorous lyrics, and the album's production, which was noted as having the "EPMD sound." Over the years, Whut? has been described as a classic hip hop album, among Redman's best work.

text:
# Whut? Thee Album

***Whut? Thee Album*** is the debut studio album by American rapper Redman. It was released on September 22, 1992, by Def Jam Recordings, Rush Associated Labels and Chaos Recordings, a dimension of Columbia Records. Taking place at Ian London Studios, North Shore Soundworks, and Power Play Studios, the recording sessions began in 1991 and continued into 1992. The album was produced by Redman (under his birth name, Reggie Noble), his mentor and fellow Hit Squad member Erick Sermon, and Pete Rock.

Upon its release, *Whut? Thee Album* debuted at number 59 on the US *Billboard* 200, and peaked at number 49 the following week. In June 1993, the album was certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), exceeding the sales of 500,000 copies in the United States. The album initially garnered favorable reviews from music critics due to Redman's humorous lyrics, and the album's production, which was noted as having the "EPMD sound." Over the years, *Whut?* has been described as a classic hip hop album, among Redman's best work.

## Background

Reggie "Redman" Noble spent the majority of his youth selling drugs, and DJing at clubs and parties. At the age of 16, he began rapping, being heavily influenced by the comedy raps of Biz Markie. Although, he would eventually become a close affiliate of the hip hop duo EPMD, it wasn't until 1990, where Redman first met them, while DJing for DoItAll (of Lords of the Underground) at a club where MC Lyte was headlining. The two parties eventually met backstage where a freestyle cipher was taking place, with EPMD member Erick Sermon being so impressed with Redman's raps that he invited him to perform during the duo's set. Before long, EPMD quickly embraced Redman as a Hit Squad member, while they brought him on tour to freestyle and DJ at their shows. In addition, EPMD gave Redman two guest spots for the songs "Hardcore" and "Brothers on My Jock", off their third album *Business as Usual* (1990), which helped him gain exposure in the hip hop underground. One year later, Redman was signed to Def Jam, where he began writing and recording what would eventually become *Whut? Thee Album*.

According to Erick Sermon, Q-Tip from the group A Tribe Called Quest was instrumental in Redman's obtaining a record deal. Q-Tip had been in the Rush Management offices, and after hearing Redman's song "Jam 4 U", tried to persuade Lyor Cohen and Big D (\[Lyor's tour manager\]) to give Redman a deal. Initially, Sermon stated that Cohen wasn't too interested in the material, stating "We had "Hardcore", the teaser, and then when an early bootleg of "Head Banger" came out, they were like, 'we made the right choice.'"

Recording for the album began in 1991, and continued into 1992, while taking place at Ian London Studios, North Shore Soundworks, and Power Play Studios. During this time, Redman did another collaboration with EPMD on their fourth album *Business Never Personal* (1992). As EPMD member Parish Smith was often credited for mentoring Hit Squad artists Das EFX and K-Solo, Erick Sermon helped mentor Redman throughout the album, while receiving co-production credits for most of the album's songs. In spite of this, Redman was still left alone throughout the majority of the writing and recording process. He later recollected "For that whole album I was under a lot of pressure to learn, and learn quickly. Erick showed me a couple of recording moves, then threw me in the studio and just left me there. I had to learn and do it myself. Erick was always there if I really needed him, so it wasn't that bad. But he had his own shit to deal with and he figured I was okay on my own." Redman further stated "When I first started doing the album I was mad at Erick for leaving me in the studio. I was like 'what the fuck am I doing here?' I had an album to hit the world with, and it was just up to me. But I'm glad he did it, because I learned everything that I needed to."

## Critical reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| Robert Christgau |  |
| *The Encyclopedia of Popular Music* |  |
| *Entertainment Weekly* | A− |
| *Melody Maker* |  |
| *RapReviews* | 10/10 |
| *The Source* |  |

*Whut? Thee Album* received favorable reviews from music critics upon its release. *Entertainment Weekly'*s James Bernard gave the album an A− rating, and called it "engaging, hilarious, bargain-basement funk that doesn't care what you think". In its November 1992 issue, *The Source* magazine rated it 4½ out of 5 "mics", with writer Matty C declaring the album as living up to the expectations it accumulated in the previous year. Although he was un-favorable of its skits, he praised the album's "funky" production, and Redman's charismatic lyrics and flow, stating "...not only has he mastered the laid back, homicidal flow, but he can also have you picking yourself up from the floor from his hysterical punchlines". In his review for *The Washington Post*, Gil Griffin wrote "EPMD produced this album and give it their trademark, thick hard funky stamp, while Redman kicks it with his deep, convincing voice, likening himself to a psycho, a lover and a fighter. The booming drums come in extra handy on "Blow Your Mind," "Time 4 Sum Aksion" and "So Ruff," where he flows with free-style rhymes".

## Commercial performance

*Whut? Thee Album* debuted at 49 on the US *Billboard* 200 chart and peaked at number five on the US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart. In June 1993, the album was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for sales of over 500,000 copies in the United States. As of October 2009, the album has 654,800 copies in the United States.

## Legacy

Since its release, *Whut? Thee Album* has risen in stature, and has been regarded as a hip hop classic from several music critics and writers. In 1998, it was included in *the Source* magazine's 100 Best Rap Albums list. In 2000, *Melody Maker* gave the album 4½ out of 5 stars, while calling it a "landmark hip-hop album". Allmusic's Steve Huey gave the album 4½ out of 5 stars, stating "*Whut? Thee Album* is a terrific debut that established Redman as one of the top MCs on the East Coast. His aggressive delivery is more than hardcore enough for the streets, but *Whut?* is first and foremost a party record ... He's able to carry it all off with a singular sense of style, thanks to a wild sense of humor that results in some outlandish boasts, surreal threats, and hilarious left-field jokes." In 2008, Henry Adaso from About.com ranked *Whut? Thee Album* number five on his Best Rap Albums of 1992 list, and number 32 on his 100 Greatest Hip-Hop Albums list.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Producer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Psycho Ward" | Reggie Noble | Reggie Noble | 1:28 |
| 2. | "Time 4 Sum Aksion" |  |  | 3:25 |
| 3. | "Da Funk" |  | * Erick Sermon * Reggie Noble (co.) | 2:18 |
| 4. | "News Break" | Noble | Reggie Noble | 0:38 |
| 5. | "So Ruff" (featuring DJ Scratch) |  | * Erick Sermon * Reggie Noble (co.) | 3:47 |
| 6. | "Rated 'R'" |  | * Erick Sermon * Reggie Noble (co.) | 3:21 |
| 7. | "Watch Yo Nuggets" (featuring Erick Sermon and Charlie Marotta) |  | * Erick Sermon * Reggie Noble (co.) | 3:50 |
| 8. | "Psycho Dub" | Noble | Reggie Noble | 0:28 |
| 9. | "Jam 4 U" |  | * Erick Sermon * Reggie Noble (co.) | 3:06 |
| 10. | "Blow Your Mind" |  | * Erick Sermon * Reggie Noble (co.) | 3:56 |
| 11. | "Hardcore" |  | * Erick Sermon * Parrish Smith * Mr. Bozack (co.) | 1:59 |
| 12. | "Funky Uncles" | Noble | Reggie Noble | 1:06 |
| 13. | "Redman Meets Reggie Noble" | Noble | Reggie Noble | 2:31 |
| 14. | "Tonight's da Night" |  | * Erick Sermon * Reggie Noble (co.) | 3:22 |
| 15. | "Blow Your Mind (Remix)" |  | Reggie Noble | 3:18 |
| 16. | "I'm a Bad" | Noble | * Erick Sermon * Reggie Noble (co.) | 2:52 |
| 17. | "Sessed One Night" | Noble | Reggie Noble | 0:49 |
| 18. | "How to Roll a Blunt" |  |  | 3:23 |
| 19. | "Sooper Luver Interview" | Noble | Reggie Noble | 0:53 |
| 20. | "A Day of Sooperman Lover" |  | * Erick Sermon * Reggie Noble | 3:50 |
| 21. | "Encore" | Noble | Reggie Noble | 1:21 |
| Total length: | | | | 51:42 |

**Sample credits**

## Personnel

* Timothy Carter – photography
* Rod Cee – mixing assistant
* The Drawing Board – art direction, design
* Charlie "No Click Track" Marotta – engineer
* Everett "Bizz-E" Ramos – assistant engineer (track 11)
* Ivan "Doc" Rodriguez – mixing, engineer (track 11)
* Erick Sermon – executive producer
* Ken Wallace – engineer

## Charts

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| United States (RIAA) | Gold | 500,000^ |
| ^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## InfoBox

| Whut? Thee Album | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Redman | |
| Released | September 22, 1992 |
| Recorded | 1991–1992 |
| Studio |  |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 51:42 |
| Label |  |
| Producer |  |
| Redman chronology | |
| ***Whut? Thee Album***
(1992) *Dare Iz a Darkside*
(1994) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Whut? Thee Album* | |
| 1. "Blow Your Mind"
Released: August 25, 1992 2. "Time 4 Sum Aksion"
Released: January 12, 1993 3. "Tonight's da Night"
Released: May 4, 1993 | |
|  | |


title: Thomas Jarzombek

abstract: Thomas Jarzombek is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) who has been serving as a member of the Bundestag from the state of North Rhine-Westphalia since 2009.

text:
# Thomas Jarzombek

**Thomas Jarzombek** (born 28 April 1973) is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) who has been serving as a member of the Bundestag from the state of North Rhine-Westphalia since 2009.

## Early life and education

Jarzombek briefly studied business administration at the University of Düsseldorf but dropped out early to start his own IT service business in 1996.

## Political career

### Career in state politics

From 2005 until 2009, Jarzombek served as a member of the State Parliament of North Rhine-Westphalia. During that time, he was his parliamentary group's spokesperson on media policy.

### Member of the German Parliament, 2009–present

Jarzombek first became a member of the Bundestag in the 2009 German federal election. He has since been a member of the Committee on Transport and Digital Infrastructure. He has also served on the Committee on Family Affairs, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth (2009–2013) and the Committee on the Digital Agenda (2013–2017).

In the negotiations to form a coalition government under the leadership of Chancellor Angela Merkel following the 2017 federal elections, Jarzombek was part of the working group on digital policy, led Helge Braun, Dorothee Bär and Lars Klingbeil. From 2018 until 2021 he served as Commissioner for the Digital Industry and Start-ups and Federal Government Coordinator of German Aerospace Policy at the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy.

In 2021, Jarzombek announced his candidacy to succeed Carsten Linnemann as chair of MIT, the pro-business wing in the CDU/CSU; he ultimately lost an internal vote against Gitta Connemann.

Since the 2021 elections, Jarzombek has been a member of the Committee on Education, Research and Technology Assessment and the Committee on Digitization.

In the negotiations to form a coalition government of the CDU and Green Party under Minister-President of North Rhine-Westphalia Hendrik Wüst following the 2022 state elections, Jarzombek led his party's delegation in the working group on education.

## Other activities

## Political positions

In June 2017, Jarzombek voted against Germany's introduction of same-sex marriage.

## InfoBox

| Thomas Jarzombek | |
| --- | --- |
| Thomas Jarzombek in 2013 | |
|  | |
| Member of the Bundestag | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
2009 | |
| Preceded by | Hildegard Müller |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1973-04-28) 28 April 1973
Düsseldorf, West Germany
(now Germany) |
| Political party | CDU |
|  | |


title: Ornithoteuthis antillarum

abstract: Ornithoteuthis antillarum, the Atlantic bird squid, is a species of flying squid from the family Ommastrephidae which is found in the warmer waters of the Atlantic Ocean. This species is an important component of the diet of many species of fish and of cetaceans. It is taken as a bycatch in fisheries but has the potential to be commercially important if appropriate fishing methods can be developed.

text:
# Ornithoteuthis antillarum

***Ornithoteuthis antillarum***, the **Atlantic bird squid**, is a species of flying squid from the family Ommastrephidae which is found in the warmer waters of the Atlantic Ocean. This species is an important component of the diet of many species of fish and of cetaceans. It is taken as a bycatch in fisheries but has the potential to be commercially important if appropriate fishing methods can be developed.

## Description

*Ornithoteuthis antillarum* has a thin, elongated and muscular mantle which ends in a long, thinly-pointed tail. Its fins are also elongated and are arrow shaped, with sharp tips, concave rear margins and convex forward margins. The largest individual recorded had a mantle length of 300 mm and was from the more northerly extremity of the species' distribution. The length of the fins is more than half that of the mantle. Within the mantle cavity there are three visceral photophores, an oval, anal photophore, a posterior intestinal photophore and an elongated posterior visceral photophore which forms a strip. It has a broad head which is at least as wide as the mantle and there is an elongated photophore patch on the ventral surface of both eyes. The tentacular clubs have a sucker-bearing region which is approximately half of the length of the tentacles with large suckers on the manus with 18-20 widely separated sharp, round and curved teeth on the margin while the suckers on the dactylus are larger in the ventral series and smallest in the dorsal series. The sucker teeth are sexually dimorphic on all of the arms with the females having about 8 plate-like teeth in the proximal margin with the teeth becoming more numerous and pointed in the mid-arm while the males have large plate like teeth on the lateral margins of the mid-arm suckers. The fourth right arm is hectocotylised and has small distal suckers with the skin taking the form of a honeycomb on middle of the arm's ventral surface, this consists of 4 or 5 longitudinal lines of depressions each with 20 to 25 pores.

## Distribution

*Ornithoteuthis antillarum* is found in the tropical and subtropical waters of the eastern and western Atlantic, being found between 20°N and 25°S in the eastern Atlantic and from 40°N to 40°S in the western Atlantic. The type specimen was taken near Basse Terre, Guadeloupe.

## Habitat and biology

*Ornithoteuthis antillarum* is a pelagic, oceanic species which is thought to be commonest near continental slopes. It is at its most abundant at depths between 100m and 600 m. The paralarvae and adults are relatively common in the Gulf of Mexico, the Straits of Florida and in the Gulf Stream, extending south into the Caribbean Sea and to the waters over the continental slope off Brazil. It does not seem to be a schooling speciesbut sampling suggests that it is common from the middle of the water column to very near the bottom, although it has never been reported to sit on the bottom. In the Caribbean this species has been recorded at the surface at night, with many specimens being captured at night over deep bottom depths in the eastern South Atlantic between 100m and 600m in depth. Sampling also suggests that *O. antillarum* lives above the seabed during the day, dispersing upwards at night, a partial diel migrant.

It is a fast swimmer, which enables it to avoid being caught in nets but it has been observed from submersibles and videoed. It typically rests in the water column in a posture known as the "J" posture, this involves the squid hanging roughly head-down with its arms and tentacles curled and slightly spread back over the head and nearby mantle. *O. antillarum* is a fast-growing species and its maximum life span is 182 days. Growth rates, as measured on statolith increments which represent daily growth lines, slow markedly as the animal matures. The sex ratio is 1:1 and as the population matures it is believed that they undergo a spawning migration into areas associated with sea mounts. The earlier life stages are found in midwater in epipelagic to mesopelagic zones over slopes, tops and oceanic depths, then the sexually mature adults migrate waters associated with sea mounts and oceanic ridges to spawn on or near the bottom. The spermatophores are 9.0 mm in length and they are found in relatively low numbers compared to related species, with up to 100 but normally 50-60 present in the Needham's sac for each male. The eggs are very small, being 0.7 to 1.0 mm in diameter. They spawn intermittently in pulses or batches laying several egg masses over an extended time with the frequency of spawning and the amount of eggs per mass being roughly the same over the spawning period. The smaller females from the warmer waters of the tropical central-east Atlantic bear between 50 000 to 220 000 oocytes and eggs are laid intermittently in egg masses of up to 1,500 eggs over a spawning period which last from six weeks to three months. Spawning appears to occur throughout the year and there are peaks of spawning activity in April–May, August–September and December–January in the eastern-central Atlantic.

*O. antillarum* preys on many different types of prey and each individual prey item has a low weight, the most common prey is amphipods but it also eats the larvae and fry of squid and carnivorous fish. An individual with a mantle length of 140 mm was photographed from a submersible at 684 m in depth and a water temperature of 10.7 °C in the Bahamas eating an adult bristlemouth *Gonostoma elongata*, a midwater fish. Prey changes as the squid matures, the smaller individuals, with a mantle length of less than 4mm, mainly prey on copepods, however krill are probably are more important energetically but they are less frequently taken. One they attain a mantle length of greater than 4mm decapod crustaceans and cephalopods are the most important prey items.

*O. antillarum* has a number of predators and these include epipelagic and mesopelagic fishes and they have been recorded in the diets of fish such as common dolphinfish (*Coryphaena hyppurus*), Atlantic sailfishes (*Istiophorus albicans*), skipjack tuna (*Katsuwonus pelamus*), white marlin (*Tetrapturus albidus*), albacore (*Thunnus alalunga*), yellowfin tuna (*Thunnus albacares*), bigeye tuna (*Thunnus obesus*), swordfish (*Xiphias gladius*). They are also preyed upon by cetaceans) including the pygmy sperm whale (*Kogia breviceps*) and orca (*Orcinus orca*). With bony fish, *O. antillarum* are the most important component of the winter diet of yellowfin tuna off Brazil. It is parasitised mainly by didymozoid trematodes, however, the intensity of infection is much reduced compared to same-sized specimens of *Sthenoteuthis pteropus*.

## Fisheries

*Ornithoteuthis antillarum* is not a target species for fisheries but may be taken as bycatch, however, it could become a quarry species for commercial fisheries if a suitable fishing technique is developed, because this is a common species which could sustain a harvest and its flesh is firm, muscular and palatable.

## InfoBox

| *Ornithoteuthis antillarum* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Cephalopoda |
| Order: | Oegopsida |
| Family: | Ommastrephidae |
| Subfamily: | Ommastrephinae |
| Genus: | *Ornithoteuthis* |
| Species: | ***O. antillarum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Ornithoteuthis antillarum***
Adam, 1957 | |
|


title: Nicolas Dahlmann

abstract: Nicolas Dahlmann was a French cavalry general of the Napoleonic wars.

text:
# Nicolas Dahlmann

**Nicolas Dahlmann** (French pronunciation: \[nikɔlɑ dalmɑn\]; 7 November 1769 – 10 February 1807) was a French cavalry general of the Napoleonic wars.

## Early life

Dahlmann was born in Thionville as the son of a trumpeter and enlisted in the French Army in 1777 at the age of 8, where his father and older brother were already serving in the Regiment *Dauphin Cavalerie*, which later in 1791 became the 12e Régiment de Cavalerie.

## Napoleonic wars

Dahlmann served with the infantry and was deployed at the *Armee de la Moselle* and the *Armee des Pyrenees Orientales*. He was wounded at his right leg at Peyrestortes on 17 September 1793. From 1796 to 1798 he saw action with the *Armee d'Italie* and joined the Guides-a-Cheval de Bonaparte when they were formed in June 1796.

He went to Egypt with the *Armee d'Orient* and served at Salahieh, modern day El Salheya bordering the Sinai Desert, and Aboukir. He returned to France with Napoleon in 1798 and became Chef d'Escadron of the Chasseurs-a-Cheval in October 1802. He served at Austerlitz and was promoted Colonel-Major of the Chasseurs-a-Cheval de la Garde Imperiale.

Dahlmann saw further action at the Battle of Jena and was promoted to General-de-Brigade in the age of 36.

Throughout the Battle of Eylau in February 1807 he was attached to the Imperial staff but requested to lead his old unit, the Chasseurs à Cheval, in a cavalry charge on 8 February 1807. He was seriously wounded in his right hip from a heavy calibre artillery piece and died on 10 February 1807 in the manor house of Worienen.

Napoleon granted Dahlmann's widow a pension of 6,000 francs and in 1811 accorded his only son the title of Baron de l'Empire at the age of 10. On the instructions of Napoleon, Dahlmann's heart was embalmed and taken to Paris where it was laid to rest in the Pantheon.

Media related to Nicolas Dahlmann at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Nicolas Dahlmann | |
| --- | --- |
| Portrait by Albert Gregorius | |
| Born | (1769-11-07)7 November 1769
Thionville, France |
| Died | 10 February 1807(1807-02-10) (aged 37)
Pr. Eylau, Prussia |
| Allegiance | France |
| Service/branch | Cavalry |
| Years of service | 1777-1807 |
| Rank | Brigadier General |
| Battles/wars | Napoleonic Wars |


title: List of Muisca research institutes

abstract: This is a list of institutes providing research into the Muisca. The three most important universities in Bogotá have a department of anthropology to study the indigenous cultures of Colombia. While international research compared to the Inca, Aztec and Maya is quite limited, various other universities have provided knowledge about the Muisca and their culture.

text:
# List of Muisca research institutes

This is a **list** of **institutes** providing **research** into the Muisca. The three most important universities in Bogotá have a department of anthropology to study the indigenous cultures of Colombia. While international research compared to the Inca, Aztec and Maya is quite limited, various other universities have provided knowledge about the Muisca and their culture.

## List Muisca research institutes

| Name | Country | Location | Topics | Notable researchers | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Universidad de los Andes | Colombia | Bogotá | Muisca
society
conquest | Schrimpff
Groot
Langebaek
Gamboa |  |
| Universidad Nacional | Colombia | Bogotá | economy
art | Triana
Correal
Gamboa
Groot
Izquierdo |  |
| Universidad La Javeriana | Colombia | Bogotá | society | Langebaek
François Correa
Ana María Gómez Londoño
Óscar Guarín |  |
| Universidad Distrital
Francisco José de Caldas | Colombia | Bogotá | astronomy | Bonilla Romero |  |
| Universidad de
San Buenaventura | Colombia | Bogotá | mythology | Luis Bohórquez |  |
| Universidad del Quindío | Colombia | Armenia | religion | Susana Henao |  |
| Universidad de La Sabana | Colombia | Chía | art | Concepción Quintana de Afanador |  |
| Universidad
Católica del Norte | Colombia | Santa Rosa
de Osos | mummies
cuisine | Abel Martínez |  |
| Universidad del Valle | Colombia | Cali | mummies | Abel Martínez |  |
| UPTC | Colombia | Tunja | mythology
religion | Silva Celis
Ocampo López
Adriana Segura |  |
| ICANH | Colombia | Bogotá | history
language
art | Broadbent
Correal
Gamboa
Clara Casilimas
Álvaro Botiva
Diego Martínez Celis |  |
| University of Pittsburgh | United States | Pittsburgh, PA | society
economy | Langebaek
Pedro Argüello
Michael Kruschek |  |
| University of Central Florida | United States | Orlando, FL | agriculture
cuisine | Jorge García |  |
| University of Alberta | Canada | Edmonton | economy | John Michael Francis |  |
| Université de Montreal | Canada | Montreal | calendar | Izquierdo |  |
| Universitat de Barcelona | Spain | Barcelona | cuisine | Blanca Daza |  |
| Universidad Complutense | Spain | Madrid | language | Manuel Alvar |  |
| Universidad Autónoma | Spain | Madrid | conquest | Carlos Rey Pereira |  |
| Universidade de
Trás‐os‐Montes e Alto Douro | Portugal | Vila Real | agriculture | Diana Rodríguez Gallo |  |
|


title: Oliver O'Donovan

abstract: Oliver Michael Timothy O'Donovan is a British Anglican priest and academic, known for his work in the field of Christian ethics. He has also made contributions to political theology, both contemporary and historical. He was Regius Professor of Moral and Pastoral Theology at the University of Oxford from 1982 to 2006, and Professor of Christian Ethics and Practical Theology at the University of Edinburgh from 2006 to 2013.

text:
# Oliver O'Donovan

**Oliver Michael Timothy O'Donovan** FRSE FBA (born 28 June 1945) is a British Anglican priest and academic, known for his work in the field of Christian ethics. He has also made contributions to political theology, both contemporary and historical. He was Regius Professor of Moral and Pastoral Theology at the University of Oxford from 1982 to 2006, and Professor of Christian Ethics and Practical Theology at the University of Edinburgh from 2006 to 2013.

## Early life and education

O'Donovan was born on 28 June 1945. He is the son of Joan Knape and Michael Francis O'Donovan (1906–1966), better known as Frank O'Connor, eminent Irish writer of short stories and memoirs.

His doctoral thesis on the problem of self-love in Augustine of Hippo was completed under both Henry Chadwick at Oxford and Paul Ramsey at Princeton.

## Career

### Ordained ministry

O'Donovan was ordained in the Church of England as a deacon in 1972 and as a priest in 1973. A scholar-priest, he has never undertaken parish ministry. He was a Canon Residentiary of Christ Church Cathedral, Oxford, from 1982 to 2006. He served on the General Synod of the Church of England from 2005 to 2006. Since November 2015, he has been a Canon Provincial (of the Province of York) and the Provincial Theologian at York Minster. He has also held permission to officiate in the Diocese of York since 2015.

O'Donovan has been active in ecumenical dialogue. He was part of the Anglican–Orthodox Joint Doctrinal Discussions from 1982 to 1984, and a member of the Anglican–Roman Catholic International Commission (ARCIC) from 1985 to 1990.

### Academic career

O'Donovan taught at Wycliffe Hall, Oxford (1972–1977), and at Wycliffe College, Toronto (1977–1982). He was Regius Professor of Moral and Pastoral Theology and Canon of Christ Church at the University of Oxford (1982–2006). He then held the post of Professor of Christian Ethics and Practical Theology at the School of Divinity, New College, Edinburgh (2006–2013), and was an associate director of the Centre for Theology and Public Issues. He is a past President of the Society for the Study of Christian Ethics.

In 2001 he delivered the Stob Lectures at Calvin Theological Seminary. In 2007 he delivered the New College Lectures at New College, University of New South Wales. O'Donovan cites these New College Lectures as his first opportunity to explore the ideas that would become his "Ethics as Theology" trilogy of books. In 2008 he delivered a lecture at Princeton Theological Seminary upon receiving the Abraham Kuyper Prize for Excellence in Reformed Theology and Public Life.

In 2021, he delivered the Gifford Lectures on *The Disappearance of Ethics* at the University of St Andrews. O'Donovan has held distinguished visiting lectureships in the universities of Durham and Cambridge, the Gregorian University in Rome, McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, St. Patrick's College, Maynooth, the University of Hong Kong, and Fuller Theological Seminary, Pasadena, California.

## Personal life

In 1978 he married Joan Lockwood O'Donovan. They have jointly authored two books on the history of Christian political thought, and have two sons, Matthew and Paul.

## Honours

He has been a Fellow of the British Academy since 2000 and a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh since 2009. In 2023, he received an honorary doctorate from the Swiss private university STH Basel.

## Publications

**Books**

* *Entering into Rest: Volume 3: Ethics as Theology* (Eerdmans 2017) ISBN 978-0-8028-7359-0
* *Finding and Seeking: Volume 2: Ethics as Theology* (Eerdmans 2014) ISBN 0-8028-7187-9
* *Self, World, and Time: Volume 1: Ethics as Theology: An Induction* (Eerdmans 2013) ISBN 0-8028-6921-1
* *The Word in Small Boats: Sermons from Oxford* (Eerdmans 2010) ISBN 0-8028-6453-8
* *A Conversation Waiting to Begin: The Churches and the Gay Controversy* (SCM 2009) ISBN 0-334-04210-0
* *Church in crisis: The gay controversy and the Anglican Communion.* (Eugene, Or: Cascade Books. 2008) ISBN 1556358970
* *The Ways of Judgment* (Eerdmans 2005) ISBN 0-8028-2920-1
* *The Just War Revisited* (CUP 2003) ISBN 0-5215-3899-8
* *Common Objects of Love* (Eerdmans 2002) ISBN 0-8028-6349-3
* *The Desire of the Nations* (CUP 1996) ISBN 0-521-66516-7
* *New Dictionary of Christian Ethics & Pastoral Theology*  (co-edited) (IVP Academic, 1995) ISBN 0-8308-1408-6
* *Peace and Certainty* (Eerdmans 1989) ISBN 0-8028-0414-4
* *Resurrection and Moral Order* (IVP 1986, 2nd ed IVP/Eerdmans 1994) ISBN 0-8028-0692-9
* *On the Thirty-Nine Articles* (Paternoster 1986 and SCM 2011) ISBN 0-3340-4398-0
* *Begotten or Made?* (OUP 1984) ISBN 0-1982-6678-2
* *Principles in the Public Realm: The Dilemma of Christian Moral Witness*. (Oxford 1984) \[Oxfordshire: Clarendon Press.\] ISBN 0-19-951539-5
* *The Problem of Self-Love in Saint Augustine* (Yale 1979) ISBN 0-300-02468-1

## InfoBox

| The ReverendOliver O'DonovanFRSE FBA | |
| --- | --- |
| O'Donovan giving a talk in 2023 | |
| Born | Oliver Michael Timothy O'Donovan
(1945-06-28) 28 June 1945
London, England |
| Spouse | Joan Lockwood O'Donovan  (m. 1978) |
| Parents |  |
|  | |
|  | |
| Ecclesiastical career | |
| Religion | Christianity (Anglican) |
| Church | Church of England |
| Ordained | * 1972 (deacon) * 1973 (priest) |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Academic background | |
| Alma mater | Wycliffe Hall, Oxford |
| Thesis | *The Problem of Self-Love in St. Augustine* (1975) |
| Doctoral advisor |  |
| Influences | Augustine of Hippo |
| Academic work | |
| Discipline | Theology |
| Sub-discipline |  |
| School or tradition | Postliberalism |
| Institutions |  |
| Notable students | John Hughes |
| Influenced | James K. A. Smith |
|  | |
|  | |


title: 1971 Cal Poly Mustangs football team

abstract: The 1971 Cal Poly Mustangs football team represented California Polytechnic State College—now known as California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo—as a member of the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA) during the 1971 NCAA College Division football season. Led by fourth-year head coach Joe Harper, Cal Poly compiled an overall record of 6–5 with a mark of 3–0 in conference play, winning the CCAA title for the third consecutive season. The Mustangs played home games at Mustang Stadium in San Luis Obispo, California.

text:
# 1971 Cal Poly Mustangs football team

1971 California Collegiate Athletic Association football standings
|  | Conf | | | | |  |  | Overall | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Team | W |  | L |  | T |  |  | W |  | L |  | T |
| Cal Poly $ | 3 |  | 0 |  | 0 |  |  | 6 |  | 5 |  | 0 |
| Cal State Fullerton | 3 |  | 1 |  | 0 |  |  | 7 |  | 4 |  | 0 |
| Valley State | 1 |  | 2 |  | 0 |  |  | 4 |  | 7 |  | 0 |
| Cal Poly Pomona | 1 |  | 3 |  | 0 |  |  | 6 |  | 5 |  | 0 |
| UC Riverside | 0 |  | 2 |  | 0 |  |  | 2 |  | 7 |  | 1 |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| * $  Conference champion | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

The **1971 Cal Poly Mustangs football team** represented California Polytechnic State College—now known as California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo—as a member of the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA) during the 1971 NCAA College Division football season. Led by fourth-year head coach Joe Harper, Cal Poly compiled an overall record of 6–5 with a mark of 3–0 in conference play, winning the CCAA title for the third consecutive season. The Mustangs played home games at Mustang Stadium in San Luis Obispo, California.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance | Source |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| September 18 | at Boise State* |  | L 14–18 | 12,357 |  |
| September 25 | No. 4 Montana* |  | L 14–38 | 7,500 |  |
| October 2 | at Humboldt State* |  | W 39–21 | 6,000–6,500 |  |
| October 16 | Fresno State* | * Mustang Stadium * San Luis Obispo, CA | L 10–13 | 8,500 |  |
| October 23 | at Valley State |  | W 19–0 | 4,500 |  |
| October 30 | Long Beach State* | * Mustang Stadium * San Luis Obispo, CA | L 7–20 | 6,633 |  |
| November 6 | at UNLV* |  | W 13–3 | 4,762–6,500 |  |
| November 13 | UC Santa Barbara* | * Mustang Stadium * San Luis Obispo, CA | W 9–3 | 3,250 |  |
| November 20 | Cal State Fullerton | * Mustang Stadium * San Luis Obispo, CA | W 23–14 | 4,150 |  |
| November 27 | at Cal State Hayward* |  | L 15–17 | 3,000 |  |
| December 4 | Cal Poly Pomona | * Mustang Stadium * San Luis Obispo, CA | W 63–12 | 2,700 |  |
| * \*Non-conference game * Rankings from AP Poll released prior to the game | | | | | |

## Team players in the NFL

The following Cal Poly Mustangs were selected in the 1972 NFL draft.

| **Player** | **Position** | **Round** | **Overall** | **NFL team** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Fredrick Wegis | Defensive back | 12 | 289 | Cincinnati Bengals |

## InfoBox

| 1971 Cal Poly Mustangs football | |
| --- | --- |
| CCAA champion | |
| Conference | California Collegiate Athletic Association |
| Record | 6–5 (3–0 CCAA) |
| Head coach |  |
| Home stadium | Mustang Stadium |
|


title: 1963–64 County Antrim Shield

abstract: The 1963–64 County Antrim Shield was the 75th edition of the County Antrim Shield, a cup competition in Northern Irish football. Distillery won the tournament for the 13th time, defeating Glentoran 2–1 in the final at Solitude.

text:
# 1963–64 County Antrim Shield

The **1963–64 County Antrim Shield** was the 75th edition of the County Antrim Shield, a cup competition in Northern Irish football.

Distillery won the tournament for the 13th time, defeating Glentoran 2–1 in the final at Solitude.

## Results

### First round

| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Crusaders** | 2–0 | Larne |
| **Distillery** | 7–0 | Queen's University |
| **Glentoran** | 3–0 | Dundela |
| **Linfield** | 4–0 | St Elizabeth's Recreation |
| **Ards** | bye |  |
| **Ballymena United** | bye |  |
| **Bangor** | bye |  |
| **Cliftonville** | bye |  |

### Quarter-finals

| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Ards | 1–3 | **Glentoran** |
| Ballymena United | 2–2 | Crusaders |
| Cliftonville | 2–2 | Distillery |
| **Linfield** | 5–1 | Bangor |

#### Replays

| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Crusaders | 1–4 | **Ballymena United** |
| **Distillery** | 3–0 | Cliftonville |

### Semi-finals

| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Distillery** | 5–1 | Ballymena United |
| **Glentoran** | 5–1 | Linfield |

### Final

| Distillery | 2–1 | Glentoran |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Burke  5'<br>Campbell  16' | Report | Bruce  11' |

Solitude, BelfastReferee: S. Carswell (Belfast)

## InfoBox

1963–64 County Antrim Shield
| Tournament details | |
| --- | --- |
| Country | Northern Ireland |
| Teams | 12 |
| Defending champions | Linfield |
| Final positions | |
| Champions | Distillery (13th win) |
| Runner-up | Glentoran |
| Tournament statistics | |
| Matches played | 13 |
| Goals scored | 57 (4.38 per match) |
|  | |