title: Urgleptes literatus

abstract: Urgleptes literatus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Bates in 1885.

text:
# Urgleptes literatus

***Urgleptes literatus*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Bates in 1885.

## InfoBox

| *Urgleptes literatus* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | *Urgleptes* |
| Species: | ***U. literatus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Urgleptes literatus***<br>(Bates, 1885) | |
|


title: Utanokawa Dam

abstract: Utanokawa Dam is a gravity dam located in Yamaguchi prefecture in Japan. The dam is used for flood control and irrigation. The catchment area of the dam is 6.1 km⁲. The dam impounds about 13 ha of land when full and can store 1614 thousand cubic meters of water. The construction of the dam was started on 1972 and completed in 1980.

text:
# Utanokawa Dam

**Utanokawa Dam** is a gravity dam located in Yamaguchi prefecture in Japan. The dam is used for flood control and irrigation. The catchment area of the dam is 6.1 km2. The dam impounds about 13 ha of land when full and can store 1614 thousand cubic meters of water. The construction of the dam was started on 1972 and completed in 1980.

## InfoBox

| Utanokawa Dam | |
| --- | --- |
| Location of Utanokawa Dam in Japan | |
| Location | Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan |
| Coordinates | 34°9′11″N 131°1′35″E / 34.15306°N 131.02639°E / 34.15306; 131.02639 |
| Construction began | 1972 |
| Opening date | 1980 |
| Dam and spillways | |
| Height | 44m |
| Length | 162m |
| Reservoir | |
| Total capacity | 1614 thousand cubic meters |
| Catchment area | 6.1 sq. km |
| Surface area | 13 hectares |


abstract: The VCU Rams men's basketball statistical leaders are individual statistical leaders of the VCU Rams men's basketball program in various categories, including points, assists, blocks, rebounds, and steals. Within those areas, the lists identify single-game, single-season, and career leaders. The Rams represent Virginia Commonwealth University in the NCAA Division I Atlantic 10 Conference. VCU began competing in intercollegiate basketball in 1968. The NCAA did not officially record assists as a stat until the 1983–84 season, and blocks and steals until the 1985–86 season, but VCU's record books includes players in these stats before these seasons. These lists are updated through the end of the 2020–21 season.

text:
# VCU Rams men's basketball statistical leaders

The **VCU Rams men's basketball statistical leaders** are individual statistical leaders of the VCU Rams men's basketball program in various categories, including points, assists, blocks, rebounds, and steals. Within those areas, the lists identify single-game, single-season, and career leaders. The Rams represent Virginia Commonwealth University in the NCAA Division I Atlantic 10 Conference.

VCU began competing in intercollegiate basketball in 1968. The NCAA did not officially record assists as a stat until the 1983–84 season, and blocks and steals until the 1985–86 season, but VCU's record books includes players in these stats before these seasons. These lists are updated through the end of the 2020–21 season.

## Scoring

## Rebounds

## Assists

## Steals

## Blocks


title: Uwe Grauer

abstract: Uwe Grauer is a German football coach and a former player. He is currently working as assistant manager for 1. FC Köln II.

text:
# Uwe Grauer

**Uwe Grauer** (born 1 January 1970 in Dortmund) is a German football coach and a former player. He is currently working as assistant manager for 1. FC Köln II.

## Honours

**Borussia Dortmund**

## InfoBox

Uwe Grauer
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1970-01-01) 1 January 1970 | | |
| Place of birth | Dortmund, West Germany | | |
| Height | 1.88 m (6 ft 2 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Defender | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | 1. FC Köln II (assistant) | | |
| Youth career | | | |
|  | BW Büderich | | |
|  | Hammer SpVg | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1990–1994 | Borussia Dortmund | 20 | (1) |
| 1994–1999 | Bayer Uerdingen/KFC Uerdingen | 115 | (4) |
| 1999–2001 | SSV Ulm | 36 | (0) |
| 2001–2004 | SG Wattenscheid 09 | 89 | (3) |
| 2004–2005 | Schalke 04 II |  |  |
| 2005–2007 | SV Westfalia Rhynern |  |  |
| Managerial career | | | |
| 2007–2008 | SV Westfalia Rhynern | | |
| 2008–2009 | Schalke 04 U12 | | |
| 2009–2014 | Schalke 04 U19 (assistant) | | |
| 2014–2015 | Schalke 04 U17 | | |
| 2015– | 1. FC Köln II (assistant) | | |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Uwe Hain

abstract: Uwe Hain is a German former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. His brother, Mathias Hain, is also a professional footballer, playing in the same position.

text:
# Uwe Hain

**Uwe Hain** (born 18 October 1955) is a German former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. His brother, Mathias Hain, is also a professional footballer, playing in the same position.

## Honours

## InfoBox

Uwe Hain
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1955-10-18) 18 October 1955 | | |
| Place of birth | Schladen, West Germany | | |
| Height | 1.83 m (6 ft 0 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Goalkeeper | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | SV Schladen (coach) | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| 0000–1972 | SV Schladen | | |
| 1972–1974 | Eintracht Braunschweig | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1974–1982 | Eintracht Braunschweig | 39 | (0) |
| 1982–1987 | Hamburger SV | 7 | (0) |
| 1987–1991 | Eintracht Braunschweig | 156 | (0) |
| 1992 | FC St. Pauli |  |  |
| 1992–1993 | VfL Wolfsburg | 3 | (0) |
| 1993– | Wolfenbütteler SV |  |  |
| Total |  | **205** | **(0)** |
| Managerial career | | | |
| 1997–2009 | Eintracht Braunschweig II | | |
| 1998–2009 | Eintracht Braunschweig (goalkeeping coach) | | |
| 1999 | Eintracht Braunschweig (care taker) | | |
| 2001 | Eintracht Braunschweig (care taker) | | |
| 2011 | SV Schladen | | |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Vale of Tears (novel)

abstract: Vale of Tears is the third novel by Peter T. King, a member of the Republican Party and the U.S. representative for New York's 2nd congressional district. Published in 2004, it is a thriller about a congressman, Sean Cross, who must thwart a planned “dirty bomb” attack by Qaeda operatives working in Brooklyn and on Long Island. Some readers of the book noted the similarities and contrasts between King's earlier novels' treatment of Irish-American attitudes toward the Irish Republican Army, and his depiction of Arab-Americans in this one, in light of King's statement that his research for the book had led him to conclude that "85 percent" of American mosques had leaders involved in "terrorist activities". Terry Golway of The New York Observer noted the connection between the novel and King's widely expressed criticisms of Muslims in the aftermath of the September 11 attacks. Noam Cohen of The New York Times called it a "barely veiled 2004 thriller" with a lead character, Rep. Sean Cross, standing in for the author. In The Nation, Michelle Goldberg called it "an execrable novel" but also "a fascinating book" given King's public positions.

text:
# Vale of Tears (novel)

***Vale of Tears*** is the third novel by Peter T. King, a member of the Republican Party and the U.S. representative for New York's 2nd congressional district. Published in 2004, it is a thriller about a congressman, Sean Cross (who had first appeared as the protagonist of King's second novel, *Deliver Us From Evil*), who must thwart a planned “dirty bomb” attack by Qaeda operatives working in Brooklyn and on Long Island.

Some readers of the book noted the similarities and contrasts between King's earlier novels' treatment of Irish-American attitudes toward the Irish Republican Army, and his depiction of Arab-Americans in this one, in light of King's statement that his research for the book had led him to conclude that "85 percent" of American mosques had leaders involved in "terrorist activities". (In this book, King depicts a violent IRA splinter group that joining with Al Qaeda.)

Terry Golway of *The New York Observer* noted the connection between the novel and King's widely expressed criticisms of Muslims in the aftermath of the September 11 attacks. Noam Cohen of *The New York Times* called it a "barely veiled 2004 thriller" with a lead character, Rep. Sean Cross, standing in for the author. In *The Nation*, Michelle Goldberg called it "an execrable novel" but also "a fascinating book" given King's public positions.


title: Valentine de Laborde

abstract: Charlotte Marie Valentine Joséphine de Laborde, also known as Valentine Delessert was a French socialite and a Passy-Paris salon holder. She is also known as a mistress of French writer Prosper Mérimée, French writer and photographer Maxime du Camp, and French politician and philosopher Charles de Remusat.

text:
# Valentine de Laborde

Charlotte Marie **Valentine** Joséphine **de Laborde**, also known as **Valentine Delessert** (1 January 1806 – 13 May 1894) was a French socialite and a Passy-Paris salon holder. She is also known as a mistress of French writer Prosper Mérimée, French writer and photographer Maxime du Camp, and French politician and philosopher Charles de Remusat.

## Life

Valentine de Laborde was born on 1 January 1806. Her grandfather, Marquis Jean-Joseph de Laborde, was a famous financier and slave trader, and her father, Count Alexandre de Laborde, was a director of the National Archives. On 1 June 1824, she married the banker Gabriel Delessert. He was a prefect of Seine police from 1836 to 1848.

In the 1830s de Laborde became a mistress of French writer Prosper Merimee and had a strong influence on his work, in particular on creation of his characters from Colomba and Carmen. Merimee first met de Labourde in 1830, and being fascinated with her beauty and wit he started a courtship that lasted for six years until 16 February 1836 when she became his mistress. Their relationship was quite unstable and in 1844, de Labourde found a new lover, however it was not the final breakup. In 1848, Valentine followed her husband to England, as he had to go into exile after the abdication of Louis-Philippe, and from there sent only rare letters to Merimee. In the early 1850s she broke up with Merimee to become a mistress of another French writer Maxime du Camp, but soon left him for the politician Charles de Remusat. De Laborde inspired Gustave Flaubert to create the character of Madame Dambreuse in his *L’éducation sentimentale.*

Under July Monarchy, de Laborde held a famous salon in her hotel in Passy that attracted main figures of the romantic generation: Francois-Rene de Chateaubriand, Adolphe Thiers, Eugene Delacroix, Prosper Merimee, Maxime du Camp, Emile de Girardin, Alfred de Musset, Charles de Montalembert, Minghetti, the future Empress of France, Eugenie de Montijo, and the Countess de Castiglione. She was also known as private art collector.

Under the Second French Empire, de Laborde became a part of the entourage of the Empress Eugenie and held an eminent social position until her death.

Valentine de Laborde died on 13 May 1894 at the age of 88.

## InfoBox

| Charlotte Marie Valentine de Laborde | |
| --- | --- |
| Portrait of Valentine Delessert (née Valentine de Laborde) | |
| Born | 1 January 1806 |
| Died | 13 May 1894 |
| Nationality | French |
| Known for | Art collecting and her business |
| Partner(s) | Prosper Merimee, Maxime du Camp, and Charles de Remusat |
| Children | Edouard Delessert |


title: Valentine de Riquet de Caraman-Chimay

abstract: Countess Valentine Marie Henriette de Riquet de Caraman–Chimay was a Belgian princess.

text:
# Valentine de Riquet de Caraman-Chimay

Countess ***Valentine* Marie Henriette de Riquet de Caraman–Chimay** (15 February 1839 – 25 August 1914) was a Belgian princess.

## Early life

She was a younger daughter of Belgian diplomat and industrialist Joseph de Riquet de Caraman, 17th Prince de Chimay, and memoirist Émilie Pellapra, the widow of Comte de Brigode. From her parents' marriage, she had three siblings: Joseph de Riquet de Caraman-Chimay, Emilie de Riquet de Caraman (wife of Frédéric Lagrange), and Eugène de Riquet de Caraman (who married Louise de Graffenried-Villars). From her mother's first marriage, she had an elder half-brother, Henri, Marquis of Brigode who was the Mayor of Romilly (and married Annette du Hallay-Coëtquen).

Her paternal grandparents were François-Joseph-Philippe de Riquet, 16th Prince de Chimay, and Thérésa de Cabarrus, one of the leaders of Parisian social life during the Directory. His maternal grandparents were Françoise-Marie LeRoy and wealthy financier Henri de Pellapra, though Émilie claimed to be a daughter of Napoleon. Her niece, Hélène Marie de Riquet de Caraman, married John Francis Charles, 7th Count de Salis-Soglio.

## Personal life

Her first marriage was to Prince Paul de Bauffremont-Courtenay (1827–1893) on 13 April 1861. He was a French general who known for leading the 'Charge de Sedan' alongside Gaston Alexandre Auguste in 1870. Before their divorce in 1875, they were the parents of two daughters:

* Princess *Catherine*-Marie-Josèphine de Bauffremont-Courtenay (1862–1932), who married diplomat Nicolas Wlassow, in Bucharest in 1888.
* Princess *Jeanne*-Marie-Émilie de Bauffremont-Courtenay (1864–1935), who married Don Luigi Sanfelice, Principe di Viggiano, Marchese di Monteforte.

Before her divorce, she gave birth to a daughter, Marcela, she conceived with Romanian Prince Georges Bibescu. After their divorce, she gained custody of both children.

### Second marriage

In 1875, she married Romanian Prince Georges Bibescu (1834–1902), son of Prince of Wallachia Gheorghe Bibescu and, his first wife, Zoe Brâncoveanu. Georges' elder brother, Grégoire (who inherited the Brâncoveanu patrimony), was the father of Princess Catherine Hélène Bibesco-Bassaraba, who married Valentine's nephew, Prince Alexandre de Caraman-Chimay (a son of her brother Joseph, 18th Prince de Chimay). After they married, Prince Georges and Valentine were the parents of three more children, only two of whom survived to adulthood:

The Princess died on 25 August 1914.


title: Vadugankuthagai

abstract: Vadugankuthagai is a revenue village under Alathur, Thanjavur panchayat in the Pattukkottai taluk of Thanjavur district, Tamil Nadu, India.

text:
# Vadugankuthagai

**Vadugankuthagai** is a revenue village under Alathur, Thanjavur panchayat in the Pattukkottai taluk of Thanjavur district, Tamil Nadu, India.

## Demographics

As per the 2001 census, Vadugankuthagai had a total population of 668 with 347 males and 321 females. The sex ratio was 925. The literacy rate was 65.61.

* "Primary Census Abstract - Census 2001". Directorate of Census Operations-Tamil Nadu. Archived from the original on 29 August 2009. Retrieved 29 August 2009.

## InfoBox

| Vadugankuthagai | |
| --- | --- |
| village | |
| Country | India |
| State | Tamil Nadu |
| District | Thanjavur |
| Taluk | Pattukkottai |
| Population (2001) | |
| Total | 668 |
| Languages | |
| Official | Tamil |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |


title: Vadugapatti, Karur

abstract: Vadugapatti is a small village in Karur district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is located 8 km northwest from Pallapatti or 10 km southwest from Aravakurichi. The total population is around 350. But the natives of this village are residing outside. As a grant total, it covers a population of around 2000. It is a dry area with very poor rainfall. The main occupation of the people is sheep rearing. In addition, they cultivate drumstick, sorghum, millets, cotton, chili etc.

text:
# Vadugapatti, Karur

**Vadugapatti** is a small village in Karur district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is located 8 km northwest from Pallapatti or 10 km southwest from Aravakurichi. The total population is around 350. But the natives of this village are residing outside. As a grant total, it covers a population of around 2000. It is a dry area with very poor rainfall. The main occupation of the people is sheep rearing. In addition, they cultivate drumstick, sorghum, millets, cotton, chili etc.

## InfoBox

| Vadugapatti | |
| --- | --- |
| village | |
| Vinayaga Temple, Vadugapatti | |
| Country | India |
| State | Tamil Nadu |
| District | Karur |
| Languages | |
| Official | Tamil |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| Vehicle registration | TN- |


title: Valjala Church

abstract:
Saint Martin's Church of Valjala is a Lutheran church in Valjala, on the island of Saaremaa, Estonia.
It is the oldest stone church on Saaremaa and possibly the oldest surviving church in Estonia.

text:
# Valjala Church

**Saint Martin's Church of Valjala** is a Lutheran church in Valjala, on the island of Saaremaa, Estonia. It is the oldest stone church on Saaremaa and possibly the oldest surviving church in Estonia.

## History

### 13th century

Christianity was brought to Estonia through the Northern Crusades, and construction of Valjala church started immediately following the Livonian Crusade, in 1227. The first church was a smaller chapel built near the site of the Valjala Stronghold. The chapel was later extended and still forms the nucleus of the current church. Remnants from this earliest period of the building include Romanesque fragments of murals depicting six of the apostles inside the church. In 1240, the church was expanded and it got its present form of a single-nave church. The builders stayed true to Romanesque forms as evidenced by the round-arched portals of the church.

### 14th-17th centuries

In 1343 the church was damaged during the St. George's Night Uprising. Restoration works and other additions to the church henceforth were more clearly Gothic in form. For example, the windows, the vaults of the upper parts of the building, and the blind arch decoration on the west façade are typically pointed. The builders during this time possible came from Varnhem Abbey in Sweden. The church was clearly built to be able to function as a refuge in times of troubles, as well as a church. There are rooms above the vaults that are constructed so that they could only be reached using a ladder which could be pulled up. Also, an internal passageway just under the windows on the inside of the walls could be utilised to repel an advancing enemy.

During the later part of the 14th century, the church got a new polygonal apse. The tower, which was probably not completed until the 17th century, was probably also started during this period. Tombstone fragments of archaic, trapezoid form have been discovered in the walls of the tower, and it is believed that they may stem from pre-Christian times. They are rather unusual in that tombstones of this type have otherwise only been discovered in western Estonia.

### 18th-20th centuries

The church was damaged during the Great Northern War. There are two Baroque carved epitaphs in the church, dating from 1664 (in memory of Andreas Fregius) and 1667 (in memory of Gaspar Berg).

In 1820, Nommen Lorenzen from Kuressaare, made the church's present altarpiece.

The church's organ is from 1888 and made by Gustav Normann.

The church was again damaged in 1922 when lightning struck the building.

The stained glass windows are made by artist Dolores Hoffman and date from the 1970s.

### 21st century

The organ was refurbished in 2004 by Ago Tint.

## Architecture

### Exterior

The western facade of the church, decorated with blind arches and the finely sculpted, originally Romanesque portal is especially noteworthy and quite unique in Estonia. The church walls (1240-1270) are massive and the windows, coupled together, are narrow and tall. Contrasting with this is the apse, probably constructed after 1345, with its polygonal form and open character. Both the walls of the nave and the apse are supported by buttresses. The older parts of the exterior of the church is evidently the product of highly skilled Central European master builders, who probably also worked on constructing Kuressaare Castle, which dates from the same period.

The church tower is not original but probably built successively from the 14th to the 16th centuries.

### Interior

The interior of the church is characterised by the whitewashed high domed vaults. The baptismal font is one of the most notable features of the church. It is one of the oldest pieces of carved stonework in Estonia. Scholars believe that it was made for Haapsalu Cathedral but somehow later found its way to Valjala. The font is richly decorated with expressive Romanesque sculptures, similar to what can be found e.g. in the northern portal of Riga Cathedral. It is believed that the artist both here and in Riga is the same, probably Westphalian, master carver.

## InfoBox

| Valjala Church | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Valjala ChurchLocation in Estonia | |
| 58°24′29″N 22°47′20″E / 58.40817°N 22.78878°E / 58.40817; 22.78878 | |
| Country | Estonia |
| Denomination | Lutheran |
| History | |
| Founded | 1227 (1227) |
| Founder(s) | Livonian Order |
| Architecture | |
| Style | Romanesque<br>Gothic |


title: Valentín Parera

abstract: Valentín Parera was a Spanish actor who appeared in both silent and sound films in the 1920s and 1930s. He was married to the American singer and actress Grace Moore from 1931 until her death in a 1947 plane crash.

text:
# Valentín Parera

**Valentín Parera** (15 July 1895, Granada  5 April 1986, Madrid) was a Spanish actor who appeared in both silent and sound films in the 1920s and 1930s. He was married to the American singer and actress Grace Moore from 1931 until her death in a 1947 plane crash.

## Filmography

Parera acted in European films such as

Subsequently, Parera appeared in several Spanish-language films made in the United States by Fox Film Corporation, including:

* *Yo, tú y ella* (1933)
* *Dos más uno dos* (1934)
* *Granaderos del amor* (1934)
* *Señora casada necesita marido* (1935)


title: VOKFM

abstract: VOKFM is a radio station from Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. The station features local topics by promoting local cultures to younger listeners. They offer a "More Music, Less Talk" concept with a local touch. It was launched on 16 September 2017 during the celebration of Malaysia Day.

text:
# VOKFM

**VOKFM (Voice of Kinabalu FM)** is a radio station from Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. The station features local topics by promoting local cultures to younger listeners. They offer a "More Music, Less Talk" concept with a local touch. It was launched on 16 September 2017 during the celebration of Malaysia Day.

## Announcers

The current radio announcers are:

* Rey Kimara
* Danny Majingga
* Berry Ferhan Shah

## Talk Shows

**Music Automation**

* Weekdays - 24 HRS

1. Ricardo Unto (17 September 2017). "New home-grown radio starts online operation". Daily Express. Archived from the original on 19 October 2017. Retrieved 19 October 2017.
2. Alfred Petrus (17 September 2017). "'Bukan Biasa-Biasa', VOK Fm mula siaran secara rasmi". *Utusan Borneo* (in Malay). Retrieved 19 October 2017  via PressReader.
3. Alma R. (18 August 2017). "Rey, Felix dan Ramli bakal ceriakan VOKfm" (in Malay). New Sabah Times. Archived from the original on 19 October 2017. Retrieved 19 October 2017.

## InfoBox

VOKFM
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Broadcast area | Sabah, Malaysia |
| Programming | |
| Language(s) | Malaysian language (Sabah Malay) |
| Format | Contemporary hits |
| History | |
| First air date | 16 September 2017 (2017-09-16) |
| Links | |
| Website | www.vokfmsabah.com |


title: Valerie Cohen

abstract: Valerie Cohen is an American Reform rabbi.

text:
# Valerie Cohen

**Valerie Cohen** is an American Reform rabbi.

## Biography

Born in Cleveland, Ohio, Cohen was raised in Florida, where she earned a B.A. in public relations at University of Florida, graduating in 1993. She then studied at Hebrew Union College's Israel, Cincinnati and New York City campuses, where she graduated in 1999 and was ordained at Manhattan's Temple Emanuel. That year she joined Temple Israel in Memphis, Tennessee, as assistant rabbi.

In 2003, Beth Israel Congregation of Jackson, Mississippi, hired Cohen as its sole rabbi, the "only pulpit rabbi in Jackson". She simultaneously served as the rabbi of Lexington, Mississippi's Temple Beth El.

In 2013, *The Forward* named Cohen one of its 36 inspiring rabbis.

Cohen became rabbi of Temple Emanuel Sinai in Worcester, Massachusetts in 2014.

## InfoBox

| RabbiValerie Cohen | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal | |
| Born | Cleveland, United States |
| Religion | Judaism |
| Nationality | American |
| Denomination | Reform Judaism |
|  | |
| Position | Rabbi |
| Synagogue | Temple Emanuel Sinai |
| Residence | Holden, Massachusetts |
| Semikhah | 1999 |
|  | |


title: Vai que É Mole

abstract: Vai que é Mole is a 1960 Brazilian film directed by J. B. Tanko and starring Grande Otelo, Ankito and Jô Soares.

text:
# Vai que É Mole

***Vai que é Mole*** is a 1960 Brazilian film directed by J. B. Tanko and starring Grande Otelo, Ankito and Jô Soares.

## Plot

In this film, Grande Otelo, Ankito and Jô Soares are three thieves frequently searched by the police. Grande Otelo's character was having a crisis with his girlfriend due to his criminal lifestyle. However, things get even more complicated when Grande Otelo receives a letter from his aunt saying that she has sent her son. Grand Otelo's nephew, Zé Maria, is extremely Christian, and eventually wins over Grande Otelo, a fact that causes more problems than anticipated.

## InfoBox

| Vai que é Mole | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | J. B. Tanko |
| Written by | Edgar G. Alves
J. B. Tanko |
| Produced by | Herbert Richers |
| Starring | Grande Otelo
Ankito
Jô Soares |
| Cinematography | Amleto Daissé |
| Edited by | Rafael Justo Valverde |
| Music by | Remo Usai |
| Distributed by | Fama Filmes |
| Release date | * 1960 (1960) |
| Running time | 103 min. |
| Country | Brazil |
| Language | Portuguese |


title: Valerie Nyirahabineza

abstract: Valerie Nyirahabineza is a Rwandan politician and civil servant. Since 2020, she has served as the chairperson of Rwanda Demobilisation and Reintegration Commission. She served two terms, from 2008 to 2017 in the East African Legislative Assembly as a Member of Parliament for Rwanda. Previous to her legislative terms, she was the Minister of Gender and Family Promotion for five years.

text:
# Valerie Nyirahabineza

**Valerie Nyirahabineza** (born 1969) is a Rwandan politician and civil servant. Since 2020, she has served as the chairperson of Rwanda Demobilisation and Reintegration Commission. She served two terms, from 2008 to 2017 in the East African Legislative Assembly as a Member of Parliament for Rwanda. Previous to her legislative terms, she was the Minister of Gender and Family Promotion for five years.

## Early life and education

Valerie Nyirahabineza was born in 1969.

## Career

### Women's advocacy

In 2003, Nyirahabineza succeeded Marie Mukantabana as the Minister of Gender and Promotion of the Family. One of the issues she dealt with during her tenure were the approximately 7,000 street children who had been impacted by violence in the country and the death of parents in the HIV/AIDS crisis in Africa. According to Nyirahabineza, street children were particularly vulnerable to abuse and violence, poor health because of malnutrition, and infectious disease. She stressed the need for the government and service organisations to work together to alleviate poverty and support foster families to help care for children. When the government signed an agreement in 2004 with the Canadian International Development Agency for CA$ 3 million (FRw 1.03 billion) for developing a gender policy for Rwanda, Nyirahabineza stated that it would be earmarked to address the issues of women and children. As part of the policy advisory group on United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325, she met with other leaders like Scholastica Kimaryo (Tanzania), United Nations Development Programme Resident Representative to South Africa; Nomcebo Manzini (Eswatini) and Hodan Addou (Somalia) of UNIFEM; Litha Musyimi-Ogana (Kenya), gender and civil society advisor to the New Partnership for Africa's Development; Magdalene Madibela, head of the gender sector for the Southern African Development Community; Bernadette Lahai (Sierra Leone), member of parliament; and professor Pumla Gobodo-Madikizela (South Africa) in 2005 to discuss women's involvement in African peacemaking policies.

### Regional politics (2008–2017)

Nyirahabineza was elected to serve a five-year term in the regional East African Legislative Assembly (EALA) in 2008. The nine members of the Rwandan delegation to the EALA included Nyirahabineza as women's representative, Odette Nyiramirimo as civil society representative, James Ndahiro as representative for people with disabilities, Straton Ndikuryera as youth representative, and the remaining members as representatives of political parties. Nyirahabineza was appointed to serve on the Committee on Legal Rules and Privileges. She supported the legislation passed in 2010 to create the East African Common Market Protocol. She pressed for a regional-level Gender Monitoring Office to be established in 2011, and worked to establish uniform election policies across the member states with the introduction of the Elections Bill 2011. The following year, introduced amendments to the Customs Management Act 2004 to establish protocols against transnational human trafficking and organised crime, as well as creating a regional customs body to implement trade policy. She urged other member states of the East African Community to implement the protocols necessary to facilitate regional integration so that citizens could benefit from the free movement of labour and services, as well as the economic reduction of tariffs and clear guidelines on imports and exports. Other legislation which passed in the term included integration of customs procedures and the university systems.

Nyirahabineza was elected to a second term in 2012 as the women's representative, defeating a challenge from Aquiline Niwemfura. She was re-assigned to the Committee on Legal Rules and Privileges. During the term, she supported legislation proposed to standardise electronic transactions, e-business policies, and internet safety protocols; the EAC Culture and Creative Industries Bill 2015, which aimed to simulate innovation and simultaneously provide intellectual property protections; and the final bill against human trafficking, which passed in 2016. Nyirahabineza also worked on the Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Control Bill 2014 and EAC Climate Change Bill 2015. She urged other lawmakers to recognise that while natural disasters like floods and drought significantly impact ecosystems and economies, solutions to protecting the environment and economy must include gender perspectives. As an example, she said that women predominantly work in farming and hold responsibility for producing, buying, selling and preparing food, but in the region owned "only two per cent of the land". She worked with lawmakers of EALA such as Christophe Bazivamo (Rwanda) and Daniel Kidega (Uganda), and Doreen Othero, the regional coordinator for integration of population, health, and the environment for the East African Community to develop a bill in 2017 which would regulate importation, manufacture, and sale of polythene bags throughout the region.

### Civil service (2018–present)

After her second term in the EALA concluded, Nyirahabineza returned to school and earned a master's degree in gender and development from University of Rwanda in 2020. That year, she was appointed by the senate as chair of the Rwandan Demobilisation and Reintegration Commission. The commission provides basic support, medical care, and housing assistance to former combatants from the Rwandan genocide. Regular screenings are carried out to determine which of four categories for assistance an ex-combatant qualifies based on a medically determined disability rating. In addition, Nyirahabineza is responsible for overseeing the deradicalisation of former combatants, such as members of the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR), National Liberation Front (FLN), the Rwanda Movement for Democratic Change, and the Rwanda National Congress (RNC). Members of these dissident groups undergo civic and vocational training to enable them to reintegrate in civil society. After completion of a two-year rehabilitation program, the former combatants are given a certificate and discharged in hopes that they will become productive citizens and encourage other rebels to return home to Rwanda.

### Citations

### Bibliography

## InfoBox

| Valerie Nyirahabineza | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1969 (age 5455) |
| Occupation(s) | Civil servant, politician |


title: Vallapuzha railway station

abstract: Vallappuzha railway station is a railway station serving the town of Shoranur in the Palakkad district of Kerala. It lies in the Shoranur–Mangalore section of the Southern Railways. Trains halting at the station connect the town to prominent cities in India such as Nilambur, Shoranur and Angadipuram.

text:
# Vallapuzha railway station

**Vallappuzha railway station** is a railway station serving the town of Shoranur in the Palakkad district of Kerala. It lies in the Shoranur–Mangalore section of the Southern Railways. Trains halting at the station connect the town to prominent cities in India such as Nilambur, Shoranur and Angadipuram.

## Nilambur–Shoranur line

This station is on a historic branch line, one of the shortest broad-gauge railway lines in India.

## InfoBox

| Vallapuzha | |
| --- | --- |
| General information | |
| Coordinates | 10°49′50″N 76°15′12″E / 10.8306°N 76.2534°E / 10.8306; 76.2534 |
| Operated by | Southern Railway |
| Platforms | 1 |
| Tracks | 1 |
| Other information | |
| Status | Operational |
| Station code | VPZ |
| History | |
| Opened | 1921 (1921) |
| Electrified | Yes |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Route map | |
| Location  VallapuzhaLocation in KeralaVallapuzhaLocation in India | |


title: Vallargärdet

abstract: Vallargärdet is a locality situated in Karlstad Municipality, Värmland County, Sweden with 382 inhabitants in 2010.

text:
# Vallargärdet

**Vallargärdet** is a locality situated in Karlstad Municipality, Värmland County, Sweden with 382 inhabitants in 2010.

## InfoBox

| Vallargärdet | |
| --- | --- |
| Vallargärdet | |
| Coordinates: 59°28′N 13°33′E / 59.467°N 13.550°E / 59.467; 13.550 | |
| Country | Sweden |
| Province | Värmland |
| County | Värmland County |
| Municipality | Karlstad Municipality |
| Area | |
| Total | 0.64 km2 (0.25 sq mi) |
| Population (31 December 2010) | |
| Total | 382 |
| Density | 596/km2 (1,540/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: Valeriya Tsoy

abstract: Valeriya Tsoy is an Olympic snowboarder, author and public speaker. In 2014, she became the first snowboarder to represent Kazakhstan in the Winter Olympics. Tsoy competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics for Kazakhstan. She was 23rd in the qualifying run of the parallel giant slalom and 32nd in the qualifying of the parallel slalom, Tsoy made her World Cup debut in March 2011. Her best finish is 4th, in a parallel giant slalom at Sochi in 2012–13. Her best overall finish is 12th, in 2013–14. Valeriya was published in numerous magazines, including Men's Health and Harper's Bazaar. She modelled for multiple advertising campaigns for sport brands and is often participating in public speaking engagements. She is currently residing in Vancouver, BC with her daughter.

text:
# Valeriya Tsoy

**Valeriya Tsoy** (born 8 July 1988 in Oskemen) is an Olympic snowboarder, author and public speaker. In 2014, she became the first snowboarder to represent Kazakhstan in the Winter Olympics.

Tsoy competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics for Kazakhstan. She was 23rd in the qualifying run of the parallel giant slalom and 32nd in the qualifying of the parallel slalom,

Tsoy made her World Cup debut in March 2011. Her best finish is 4th, in a parallel giant slalom at Sochi in 2012–13. Her best overall finish is 12th, in 2013–14.

Valeriya was published in numerous magazines, including Men's Health and Harper's Bazaar.

She modelled for multiple advertising campaigns for sport brands and is often participating in public speaking engagements.

She is currently residing in Vancouver, BC with her daughter.

## InfoBox

| Valeria Tsoy | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Valeriya Tsoy |
| Born | (1988-07-08) 8 July 1988<br>Oskemen, Kazakh SSR, Soviet Union |


title: Vamori, Arizona

abstract: Vamori is a populated place situated in Pima County, Arizona, United States. It has an estimated elevation of 2,251 feet (686 m) above sea level.

text:
# Vamori, Arizona

**Vamori** is a populated place situated in Pima County, Arizona, United States. It has an estimated elevation of 2,251 feet (686 m) above sea level.

## InfoBox

| Vamori, Arizona | |
| --- | --- |
| Populated place | |
| VamoriLocation within the state of ArizonaVamoriVamori (the United States) | |
| Coordinates: 31°43′16″N 111°54′19″W / 31.72111°N 111.90528°W / 31.72111; -111.90528 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Arizona |
| County | Pima |
| Tribe | Tohono O'odham Nation |
| Elevation | 686 m (2,251 ft) |
| Time zone | UTC-7 (Mountain (MST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-7 (MST) |
| Area code | 520 |
| FIPS code | 04-79170 |
| GNIS feature ID | 13182 |


title: Vanessa Fudalla

abstract: Vanessa Fudalla is a German footballer who plays as a midfielder for Frauen-Bundesliga club RB Leipzig.

text:
# Vanessa Fudalla

**Vanessa Fudalla** (born 21 October 2001) is a German footballer who plays as a midfielder for Frauen-Bundesliga club RB Leipzig.

## Career

### Youth

After starting her footballing career at local club DJK Langwasser in 2007, Fudalla moved around multiple clubs in the area until entering the 1. FC Nürnberg youth ranks in 2015. She moved to the under-17s at Bayern Munich two years later; that year Fudalla made her senior team debut for Bayern II in the 2. Bundesliga against Saarbrücken. Her first goal came in March 2018 during a win against Sindelfingen.

### Bayern Munich II

Her debut for Bayern Munich II came on November 12, 2017 when she was substituted for Melanie Kuenrath in 68th minute. She scored her first goal on March 18, 2018 in a 3-1 win against VfL Sindelfingen with the goal to make it 2-1 in the 59th minute. Fudalla and Bayern II won the 2. Bundesliga, as she scored 17 goals to finish second in the goal scoring charts. However, as the second team of a first-division side, Bayern II were denied promotion to the Bundesliga.

### FF USV Jena

Fudalla progressed to the Bundesliga ahead of the 2019–20 season, signing for newly-promoted club FF USV Jena. Her Bundesliga debut came on the first matchday on August 17, 2019 in the home game against TSG 1899 Hoffenheim, which ended in a 6-1 defeat. She scored her first Bundesliga goal on the fourth matchday on September 22, 2019 home against 1. FC Köln with a penalty kick in the 71st minute to bring the final score to a 2-2 draw. The team failed to win a game throughout the season and was eventually relegated, with Fudalla scoring two goals.

### RB Leipzig

During the subsequent summer, Fudalla moved to RB Leipzig. After three seasons in the 2. Bundesliga, Fudalla fired Leipzig to promotion during the 2022–23 campaign, becoming the league's most prolific player with 20 goals.

Back in the top flight for the 2023–24 season, Fudalla made her first game-changing contribution during Leipzig's first home game in the Bundesliga, lobbing Essen's keeper for her first goal and executing a short solo run for her second, which eventually brought the team a 3-2 victory. The team struggled from thereon out, taking just one point from the subsequent five games. Fudalla returned to the scoring charts with a shot from range in a 1-1 draw versus Leverkusen, before taking home an assist to Lydia Andrade in a loss against Hoffenheim. Following the winter break, the German began starring in the division, scoring once versus Cologne, twice during a spectacular 4-4 draw in Essen and both goals in an upset victory against Eintracht Frankfurt. She scored both goals in the 2-1 home victory against Eintracht Frankfurt.

## Career statistics

### Club

*As of match played 16 February 2024*

Appearances and goals by club, season and competition
| Club | Season | League | | | National cup | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Bayern Munich II | 2017–18 | 2. Frauen-Bundesliga Süd | 11 | 1 |  | | 11 | 1 |
| | 2018–19 | 2. Frauen-Bundesliga | 22 | 17 |  | | 22 | 17 |
| | Total | | 33 | 18 |  | | 33 | 18 |
| FF USV Jena | 2019–20 | Frauen-Bundesliga | 17 | 2 |  | | 17 | 2 |
| | Total | | 17 | 2 |  | | 17 | 2 |
| RB Leipzig | 2020–21 | 2. Frauen-Bundesliga Nord | 6 | 6 | 3 | 0 | 9 | 6 |
| | 2021–22 | 2. Frauen-Bundesliga | 26 | 17 | 2 | 1 | 28 | 18 |
| | 2022–23 | 2. Frauen-Bundesliga | 19 | 20 | 4 | 3 | 23 | 23 |
| | 2023–24 | Frauen-Bundesliga | 18 | 8 | 2 | 2 | 20 | 10 |
| | Total | | 69 | 51 | 11 | 6 | 80 | 57 |
| Career total | | | 119 | 71 | 11 | 6 | 130 | 77 |

## InfoBox

Vanessa Fudalla
|  | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | Vanessa Fudalla | | |
| Date of birth | (2001-10-21) 21 October 2001 | | |
| Place of birth | Nuremberg, Germany | | |
| Height | 1.55 m (5 ft 1 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Midfielder / Forward | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | RB Leipzig | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| 2015-2017 | 1. FC Nürnberg | | |
| 2017-2018 | Bayern Munich | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2017-2019 | Bayern Munich II | 33 | (20) |
| 2019-2020 | Carl Zeiss Jena | 17 | (2) |
| 2020- | RB Leipzig | 65 | (51) |
| International career | | | |
| 2018 | Germany U17 | 9 | (3) |
| 2019 | Germany U19 | 6 | (12) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 10:19, 25 February 2024 (UTC)<br>‡ National team caps and goals, correct as of 16 July 2023 | | | |


title: Valisvara Temple

abstract: Valisvara Temple is a Hindu temple located in the town of Thiruvalisvaram in the Tirunelveli district of Tamil Nadu, South India, India. The temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva. The temple was constructed in the early part of the 10th century AD by Raja Raja Chola I the great Chola King.

text:
# Valisvara Temple

**Valisvara Temple** is a Hindu temple located in the town of Thiruvalisvaram in the Tirunelveli district of Tamil Nadu, South India, India. The temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva. The temple was constructed in the early part of the 10th century AD by Raja Raja Chola I the great Chola King.

## Architecture

The Valisvara Temple is considered to be one of the best examples of Chola architecture and is in Dravidian architecture. The main deity is Lord Shiva and he is depicted sitting in *sukhasana* pose. There is also an idol of Shiva as Chandesanugrahamurthi. There are also idols of Parvathi and a Shiva devotee.

The *vimana* has an idol of Lord Shiva in the form of Ardhanarishvara. The artistic style resembles those of Pallava temples in Panamalai and Kanchipuram. K. A. Nilakanta Sastri remarks that the "workmanship of the entire composition is unsurpassed for beauty by any other example of its kind".

## InfoBox

| Valisvara Temple | |
| --- | --- |
| Religion | |
| Affiliation | Hinduism |
| District | Tirunelveli |
| Deity | Valeeswarar (Lord Shiva) |
| Location | |
| Location | Thiruvaliswaram |
| State | Tamil Nadu |
| Country | India |
| Valisvara Temple, Thiruvaleeswaram, Tirunelveli Tamil Nadu | |
| Geographic coordinates | 8°44′22.6″N 77°26′23.6″E / 8.739611°N 77.439889°E / 8.739611; 77.439889 |
| Elevation | 87.64 m (288 ft) |


title: Vanilla (genus)

abstract: Vanilla, the vanilla orchids, forms a flowering plant genus of about 110 species in the orchid family (Orchidaceae). This evergreen genus occurs worldwide in tropical and subtropical regions, from tropical America to tropical Asia, New Guinea and West Africa. Five species are known from the contiguous United States, all limited to southern Florida. The most widely known member is the flat-leaved vanilla, native to Mexico and Belize, from which commercial vanilla flavoring is derived. It is the only orchid widely used for industrial purposes in flavoring such products as foods, beverages and cosmetics, and is recognized as the most popular aroma and flavor. The key constituent imparting its flavour is the phenolic aldehyde vanillin. The genus was established in 1754 by Plumier, after J. Miller. The word vanilla, derived from the diminutive of the Spanish word vaina, simply translates as little pod.

text:
# Vanilla (genus)

***Vanilla***, the **vanilla orchids**, forms a flowering plant genus of about 110 species in the orchid family (Orchidaceae). This evergreen genus occurs worldwide in tropical and subtropical regions, from tropical America to tropical Asia, New Guinea and West Africa. Five species are known from the contiguous United States, all limited to southern Florida.

The most widely known member is the flat-leaved vanilla (*V. planifolia*), native to Mexico and Belize, from which commercial vanilla flavoring is derived. It is the only orchid widely used for industrial purposes in flavoring such products as foods, beverages and cosmetics, and is recognized as the most popular aroma and flavor. The key constituent imparting its flavour is the phenolic aldehyde vanillin.

The genus was established in 1754 by Plumier, after J. Miller. The word *vanilla*, derived from the diminutive of the Spanish word *vaina* (*vaina* itself meaning sheath or pod), simply translates as little pod.

## Description

This genus of vine-like plants has a monopodial climbing habitus. They can form long thin stems with a length of more than 35 m, with alternate leaves spread along their length. The short, oblong, dark green leaves of *Vanilla* are thick and leathery, even fleshy in some species. But there are also a significant number of species that have their leaves reduced to scales or have become nearly or totally leafless and appear to use their green climbing stems for photosynthesis. Long and strong aerial roots grow from each node.

The racemose inflorescence's short-lived flowers arise successively on short peduncles from the leaf axils or scales. There may be up to 100 flowers on a single raceme, but usually no less than 20. The flowers are quite large and attractive with white, green, greenish yellow or cream colors. The flowers' sepals and petals are similar. The lip is tubular-shaped and surrounds the long, bristly column, opening up, as the bell of a trumpet, at its apex. The anther is at the top of the column and hangs over the stigma, separated by the rostellum. Most *Vanilla* flowers have a sweet scent.

Blooming occurs only when the flowers are fully grown. Each flower opens up in the morning and closes late in the afternoon on the same day, never to reopen. If pollination has not occurred meanwhile, it will be shed. The flowers are self-fertile, but need pollinators to perform this task. In the Neotropics, the flowers were historically presumed to be pollinated by stingless bees (e.g. *Melipona*) or hummingbirds, but this was never confirmed; the only actual documented pollination (i.e., producing seed set) is recorded for an orchid bee, *Eulaema meriana*, visiting *Vanilla grandiflora* in Peru, and pollinia of *Vanilla* species have been observed attached to other species of *Eulaema* in Panama, and pollinia of *Vanilla pompona* are carried by males of *Eulaema cingulata* in Peru. Hand pollination is the most reliable method in commercially grown vanilla. Vanilla plantations require trees for the orchids to climb and anchor by its roots.

The fruit is termed **"vanilla bean"**, though true beans are fabaceous eudicots not at all closely related to orchids. Rather, the vanilla fruit is technically an elongate, fleshy and later dehiscent capsule 10–20 cm long. It ripens gradually for 8 to 9 months after flowering, eventually turning black in color and giving off a strong aroma. Each pod contains thousands of minute seeds, and both the pods and seeds within are used to create vanilla flavoring. Vanilla beans are harvested by hand from commercial orchards.

*Vanilla* species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species, such as the woolly bear moths *Hypercompe eridanus* and *H. icasia*. Off-season or when abandoned, they may serve as habitat for animals of open forest, e.g. on the Comoros for Robert Mertens's day gecko (*Phelsuma robertmertensi*).

## Selected species

The taxonomy of the genus *Vanilla* is complex.

This is a partial list of species or synonyms:

## Aroma and flavor

Regarded as the world's most popular aroma and flavor, vanilla contains the phenolic aldehyde, vanillin, as well as anisaldehyde, together accounting for its predominant sensory characteristics. Vanilla is a widely used aroma and flavor compound for foods, beverages and cosmetics, as indicated by its popularity as an ice cream flavor.

## InfoBox

| *Vanilla* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Flat-leaved vanilla (*Vanilla planifolia*) | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Orchidaceae |
| Subfamily: | Vanilloideae |
| Tribe: | Vanilleae |
| Genus: | *Vanilla*<br>Plumier ex Mill., 1754 |
|
| Species | |
| see List of *Vanilla* species | |
|  | |
| Green: Distribution of *Vanilla* species | |
| Synonyms | |
| * *Vanillophorum* Neck. * *Myrobroma* Salisb. * *Dictyophyllaria* Garay * *Miguelia* Aver. | |


title: Vanderhall Brawley

abstract: The Vanderhall Brawley is an electric subcompact off-road vehicle produced by Vanderhall Motor Works.

text:
# Vanderhall Brawley

The **Vanderhall Brawley** is an electric subcompact off-road vehicle produced by Vanderhall Motor Works.

## History

In July 2021, Vanderhall decided to go beyond its current business profile, which focused on the production and sale of small, three-wheeled sports cars. The Brawley took the form of a classic all-electric four-wheel all-terrain vehicle for a change.

The vehicle is equipped with an extensive suspension system that allows for competitive driving on off-road, which is facilitated by 18-inch alloy wheels equipped with 35-inch tires with a thick profile and deep tread. It has a glazed roof and doors, from which the upper part of the body can be optionally removed. The minimalistic styled passenger compartment is distinguished by a triple arrangement of analogue clocks as well as a series of switches in the center console. Following the example of other models of the company, the steering wheel gained a three-spoke form.

Production and sales of the Brawley was scheduled to begin in 2022, with reservations being collected just after the debut in July 2021. Among the sales markets, Vanderhall took into account not only the domestic American market, as well as selected European countries such as Germany, but also, for the first time, countries from the Middle East.

## Specifications

The Brawley is an electric vehicle that is powered by four motors driving each wheel, developing a total of 400 hp (300 kW) and 1,355 N⋅m (999 lbf⋅ft) of maximum torque. The battery pack with a total capacity of 60 kWh allows drivers to travel up to 321 km (199 mi) on a single charge, allowing drivers to replenish up to 80% of the battery with fast chargers with a capacity of 300 volts.

## InfoBox

| Vanderhall Brawley | |
| --- | --- |
| Overview | |
| Production | 2022–present |
| Body and chassis | |
| Class | Subcompact off-road vehicle |
| Body style | 3-door SUV |
| Layout | All-wheel drive |
| Powertrain | |
| Battery | 40 or 60 kWh |
| Plug-in charging | 6 kW AC, ? kW DC |
| Dimensions | |
| Wheelbase | 2,860 mm (112.6 in) |
| Length | 3,750 mm (147.6 in) |
| Width | 1,930 mm (76.0 in) |
| Height | 1,760 mm (69.3 in) |


title: Varmint hunting

abstract: Varmint hunting or varminting is the practice of hunting vermin — generally small/medium-sized wild mammals or birds — as a means of pest control, rather than as games for food or trophy. The targeted animals are culled because they are considered economically harmful pests to agricultural crops, livestocks or properties; pathogen-carrying hosts/vectors that transmit cross-species/zoonotic diseases; or for population control as a mean of protecting other vulnerable species and ecosystems. The term "varminter" may refer to a varmint hunter, or describe the hunting equipments either specifically designed or coincidentally suitable for the practice of varmint hunting. Varmint hunters may hunt to exterminate a nuisance animal from their own property, to collect a bounty offered by another landowner or the government, or simply as a hobby.

text:
# Varmint hunting

**Varmint hunting** or **varminting** is the practice of hunting vermin — generally small/medium-sized wild mammals or birds — as a means of pest control, rather than as games for food or trophy. The targeted animals are culled because they are considered economically harmful pests to agricultural crops, livestocks or properties; pathogen-carrying hosts/vectors that transmit cross-species/zoonotic diseases; or for population control as a mean of protecting other vulnerable species and ecosystems.

The term "varminter" may refer to a *varmint hunter*, or describe the hunting equipments (such as a varmint rifle) either specifically designed or coincidentally suitable for the practice of varmint hunting. Varmint hunters may hunt to exterminate a nuisance animal from their own property, to collect a bounty offered by another landowner or the government, or simply as a hobby.

## Targets of varmint hunting

The term *varmint* is a US colloquial term for *vermin*, though it refers more specifically to mammalian or avian pests, including:

## Equipment

### Blowgun

Shorter blowguns and smaller bore darts were used for varmint hunting by pre-adolescent boys in traditional North American Cherokees villages. They used the blowguns to cut down on smaller raiding rodents such as rats, mice, chipmunks and other mammals that cut or gnaw into food caches, seed and vegetable stores, or that are attracted to the planted vegetables. While this custom gave the boys something to do around the village and kept them out of mischief, it also worked as an early form of pest control. Some food and skins were also obtained by the boys, who hunted squirrels with blowguns well into the 20th century.

### Airgun

Air rifles are commonly used in built-up environments, where the targets might not be particularly far away but are high up on trees/structures or in obscure corners, and the risk of overpenetration, ricochets and stray shots need to be minimized. Airguns are more powerful and accurate than blowguns, but much quieter and with less terminal damage than firearms, and thus more suitable in urban and suburban environments where noise complaint and ballistic safety can be an issue.

### Firearms

Since varmint hunting is a form of pest control, and minimally regulated by law, the definition of what constitutes a varmint firearm tends to vary by regional pests. The definitive varmints are ground burrowing animals such as groundhogs and prairie dogs. These animals are small, alert and difficult to approach closely, and hunting them requires a long-range, highly accurate rifle. Because of this, models labelled "Varminter" will generally fit the following characteristics:

To reduce noise, flash, and hearing damage, silencers are sometimes employed on varmint rifles.

#### Examples

* Bushmaster AR-15 based Varminter model; includes extended heavy barrel, adjustable trigger, and no iron sights (being designed for dedicated use with telescopic sights).
* Remington 700 SPS: Has a 26" heavy contour barrel with standard features that include a hinged floorplate magazine, sling swivel studs, and a drilled and tapped receiver.
* Ruger No. 1 Varminter single-shot rifle; equipped with scope base and rings for telescopic sight, available in high velocity calibers with extended heavy barrels. While the trigger is factory set and locked, the trigger does include sear engagement and overtravel adjustment screws, which can be adjusted by a gunsmith.
* Savage Model 12 Varminter; includes adjustable trigger, and free floated extended heavy barrel, no iron sights, and a benchrest style stock.
* Sierra Varminter line of bullets; light weight, hollow point and soft point bullets designed for high velocities, minimal penetration, and maximum expansion needed for varmints.
* Henry Repeating Arms Varmint Express .17 HMR: Features a high-comb Monte Carlo style buttstock optimized for use with a scope, fiber optic sights, and an 11-round capacity. Henry Repeating Arms produces over a dozen different lever action rifles chambered for .22 WMR and .17 HMR, both of which are ideal cartridges for varminting.

## Impacts on varmint populations

Hunting of varmint has typically been to reduce crop loss and to stop predation of livestock. This hunting has imposed an artificial selection pressure on the organisms being hunted. The selection pressure on varmints is probably for younger reproduction ages and earlier maturity. Varmint hunting is also potentially selecting for behavioral changes that are desired, animals avoiding human populated areas, crops, and livestock.


title: Varrains

abstract: Varrains is a commune in the Maine-et-Loire department in western France.

text:
# Varrains

**Varrains** (French pronunciation: \[vaʁɛ̃\] ) is a commune in the Maine-et-Loire department in western France.

## InfoBox

| Varrains | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| Location of Varrains | |
| VarrainsVarrains | |
| Coordinates: 47°13′23″N 0°03′40″W / 47.223°N 0.061°W / 47.223; -0.061 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Pays de la Loire |
| Department | Maine-et-Loire |
| Arrondissement | Saumur |
| Canton | Saumur |
| Intercommunality | CA Saumur Val de Loire |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Pierre-Yves Delamare |
| Area**1** | 3.4 km2 (1.3 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 1,261 |
| Density | 370/km2 (960/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 49362 /49400 |
| Elevation | 25–81 m (82–266 ft)
(avg. 39 m or 128 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Varraar Sandiyar

abstract: Varraar Sandiyar is a 1995 Indian Tamil-language action drama film directed by N. K. Viswanathan. The film stars Prem Menon and Khushbu, with Jaishankar, Anandaraj, K. R. Vijaya, Gandhimathi, Senthil, Vennira Aadai Moorthy, Charle and T. K. S. Chandran playing supporting roles. It was released on 14 December 1995.

text:
# Varraar Sandiyar

***Varraar Sandiyar*** (also spelled ***Varraar Chandiyar***) (transl.Rogue is coming) is a 1995 Indian Tamil-language action drama film directed by N. K. Viswanathan. The film stars Prem Menon and Khushbu, with Jaishankar, Anandaraj, K. R. Vijaya, Gandhimathi, Senthil, Vennira Aadai Moorthy, Charle and T. K. S. Chandran playing supporting roles. It was released on 14 December 1995.

## Plot

Sathyamoorthy is a cruel gram panchayat chief who gives unfair judgements and he spreads terror among the villagers, he never misses an opportunity to whip the innocent villagers. So the villagers gave him the name of Sandiyar (brute). The villagers want Sandiyar to die while his Sandiyar's mother Annapoorni wants him to become a good man. Sandiyar then befriends the crook Maruthu who saved his life from the villagers.

One day, the outspoken Meena arrives in Sandiyar's village and claims Sandiyar had earlier secretly married her but Sandiyar says at the village court that nothing happened between them. Meena wants to marry Sandiyar in front of the villagers and she starts to compel him in many ways. Sandiyar's mother Annapoorni strongly supports her and brings her to their home. Sandiyar finally marries her. After the wedding, Meena reveals to Sandiyar the reason behind her lie. In the past, at the village court, Sandiyar gave an unfair judgement who led his sister and mother to suicide.

Meena learns that Sandiyar also has a tragic past. His father (Jaishankar) was brutally killed by a family friend Mookaiah for acquiring his land and the villagers did nothing for preventing it. Sandiyar cannot forget that sad day, so he makes the life of the villagers a living hell. So far, Meena wanted to take revenge on him but now Meena tries to change him into a responsible village president. Afterwards, Sandiyar slowly falls under the spell of his wife Meena and he becomes a good person. Maruthu is none other than Mookaiah's son and he is urged to take all the wealth of Sandiyar. What transpires next forms the rest of the story.

## Cast

## Soundtrack

The soundtrack were composed by Deva.

| Song | Singer(s) | Lyrics | Duration |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| "Amman Kovil Gopurattil" | Deva | Piraisoodan | 2:35 |
| "Vaigaiyinu Solliputten" | K. S. Chithra | | 5:00 |
| "Chandirane Saatchi" | Mano | | 5:00 |
| "Dindukallu" | Anuradha Sriram | Ponniyin Selvan | 2:43 |
| "Vandu Piranthathu" | Mano, Bhuvana Venkatesh | Piraisoodan | 4:45 |
| "Vaanum Pozhiyanum" | T. L. Maharajan, Chorus | | 3:58 |

## Release and reception

Despite having a similar name to the former title of *Virumaandi* (2004), *Sandiyar*, the film reportedly had a "smooth release".

D. S. Ramanujam of *The Hindu* wrote, "Cameraman-cum-director, N. K. Viswanathan, who has also penned the screenplay, manages to keep a fair tempo mixing the comedy of Senthil, the 'bad luck' man (like Lil Abner's Calamity Jones whenever he is around misfortune strikes the people nearby) with the main drama depicted in flash cuts".

## InfoBox

| Varraar Sandiyar | |
| --- | --- |
| Poster | |
| Directed by | N. K. Viswanathan |
| Written by | Meenakshi Sundaram (dialogue) |
| Screenplay by | N. K. Viswanathan |
| Story by | Sree Rajakaliamman Cine Arts |
| Produced by | Tharangai V. Sundar
Tharangai V. Chandrasekaran |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | N. K. Viswanathan |
| Edited by | V. Uthaya Sankaran |
| Music by | Deva |
| Production
company | Sree Rajakaliamman Cine Arts |
| Release date | * 14 December 1995 (1995-12-14) |
| Running time | 135 minutes |
| Country | India |
| Language | Tamil |


title: Vansittart (1814 ship)

abstract: Vansittart was launched at New York in 1807, under another name. She was captured c.1814 and new owners gave her the name Vansittart. She was initially a West Indiaman. Then between 1817 and 1837 she made seven voyages as a whaler in the British Southern Whale Fisheries. Thereafter she was a merchantman sailing out of Shields. She foundered on 2 February 1855.

text:
# Vansittart (1814 ship)

***Vansittart*** was launched at New York in 1807, under another name. She was captured c.1814 and new owners gave her the name *Vansittart*. She was initially a West Indiaman. Then between 1817 and 1837 she made seven voyages as a whaler in the British Southern Whale Fisheries. Thereafter she was a merchantman sailing out of Shields. She foundered on 2 February 1855.

## Career

*Vansittart* first appeared in *Lloyd's Register* in 1815 with W.Mills, master, changing to R.Creig, Hughes & Co., owners, and trade London–Antwerp, changing to London–West Indies. The *Register of Shipping* (*RS*) showed her with M Mills, master, changing to R. Craigie, Hughs & Co., owner, and trade London–Antwerp, changing to London–Antigua. It also showed her as an American prize.

### Whaler

*Lloyd's Register* for 1818 showed *Vansittart* with J.Bennett, master, Benett & Co., owners, and trade London–South Seas. It also showed her as having been built in New York in 1807.

**1st whaling voyage (1817–1819):** Captain James Daniel Bennett sailed from London on 28 July 1817, bound for the Isle of Desolation. He returned on 28 September 1819 with 400 casks of oil and 750 seal skins.

**2nd whaling voyage (1819–1823):** Captain Thomas C. Hunt sailed from London on 17 December 1819, bound for the New South Wales fishery. He returned on 8 April 1823 with 470 casks of whale oil.

**3rd whaling voyage (1823–1826):** Captain Bacon sailed on 17 June 1823, bound for New Zealand and the waters off Japan. At some point William Beacon became master of *Vansittart*.

On 20 January 1825, the Bennett whaler *Mary* wrecked on Jarvis Island. Fortuitously *Vansittart*, Captain Beacon, and *Francis*, Captain Thomas Hunt, arrived in May. Each ship took part of *Mary*'s crew. *Vansittart* arrived at Sydney in July with 16 crew members from *Mary*, including the second officer.

*Vansittart* returned to England on 30 August 1826 with 400 casks of whale oil.

**4th whaling voyage (1826–1829):** Captain David Barney sailed on 1 December 1826, bound for Peru. *Vansittart* returned on 16 July 1829.

**5th whaling voyage (1829–?):** Captain William Blakely was both *Vansittart*'s master and owner on this voyage.

**6th whaling voyage (1831–?):** Thomas Gustard was *Vansittart*'s master on this voyage. Blakely was still her owner, together with some partners.

**7th whaling voyage (1834–37):** Captain Thomas Hunt sailed in 1834. He returned on 4 April 1837 with 470 casks of whale oil.

### Later career

*LR* for 1837 showed *Vansittart* with R.Murray, master, changing to I.B.Shipley, Hart, owner, and trade London–Petersburg. She had undergone a large repair in 1837. Hart moved *Vansittart*'s homeport to South Shields.

| Year | Master | Owner | Trade | Source & notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1840 | W.Down | Hart | Newcastle–London | *LR*; large repair 1837, and small repairs 1837 & 1838 |
| 1845 | W.Down | Hart | Newcastle–London | *LR*; large repair 1837 & 1845 |
| 1850 | W.Down | Hart | Newcastle–London | *LR*; large repair 1837 & 1845 |
|

On 19 February 1854 *Vansittart* ran aground on the Sunk Sand. She was on a voyage from South Shields to London. She was refloated and put in to Ramsgate.

*LR* for 1854 showed *Vansittart* with I.Wallis, master, R.Hart, owner, and trade Shields–Mediterranean.

## Fate

*Vansittart* foundered in the Atlantic Ocean off Cape Finisterre, Spain, on 2 February 1855. *Adventure* rescued her crew. *Vansittart* was on a voyage from South Shields, to Constantinople, Ottoman Empire.

## Citations

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| United Kingdom | |
| Name | *Vansittart* |
| Launched | 1807, New York |
| Acquired | c.1814 by purchase of a prize |
| Fate | Foundered 2 February 1855 |
| General characteristics | |
| Tons burthen | 279, or 290, or 291, or 294 (bm) |


title: Vecherniy Krasnoyarsk

abstract: Vecherniy Krasnoyarsk was a weekly newspaper published in Krasnoyarsk, Russia since 1989 to 2010. It came out on Wednesdays. The publication covered political, economic, social and cultural topics. The newspaper's task was to form a detailed objective picture of life in Krasnoyarsk and Krasnoyarsk Krai, as well as prompt coverage of the most significant city and regional events. It published official documents of the Krasnoyarsk Krai administration. As of January 9, 2005, the circulation was 23,000. In 2007, the editor-in-chief was Yevgeniya Leontyeva. In 2011 the newspaper was suspended due to financial problems. According to editor-in-chief at the time Ekaterina Yusma, the columnists who used to work at the organization have moved to the website Newslab.ru. In its final years, the newspaper had a circulation of 19,000.

text:
# Vecherniy Krasnoyarsk

***Vecherniy Krasnoyarsk*** (Russian: "Вечерний Красноярск" ~ *The Evening Krasnoyarsk*) was a weekly newspaper published in Krasnoyarsk, Russia since 1989 to 2010. It came out on Wednesdays. The publication covered political, economic, social and cultural topics. The newspaper's task was to form a detailed objective picture of life in Krasnoyarsk and Krasnoyarsk Krai, as well as prompt coverage of the most significant city and regional events. It published official documents of the Krasnoyarsk Krai administration.

As of January 9, 2005, the circulation was 23,000. In 2007, the editor-in-chief was Yevgeniya Leontyeva.

In 2011 the newspaper was suspended due to financial problems. According to editor-in-chief at the time Ekaterina Yusma, the columnists who used to work at the organization have moved to the website *Newslab.ru*. In its final years, the newspaper had a circulation of 19,000.

1. "Межрегиональное агентство подписки (МАП) :: Аннотация к журналам и газетам региональной прессы :: "Вечерний Красноярск"". *map-smi.ru*. Retrieved 2024-07-09.
2. "Газета «Вечерний Красноярск» закрылась".
3. "Прекращен выпуск газеты «Вечерний Красноярск» - Агентство Информационных Сообщений". *vg-news.ru*. Retrieved 2024-07-09.
4. "Газета "Вечерний Красноярск" / Досье / Справка". *newslab.ru*. Retrieved 2024-07-09.


title: Variability

abstract: Variability is how spread out or closely clustered a set of data is. Variability may refer to:

text:
# Variability

**Variability** is how spread out or closely clustered a set of data is.

**Variability** may refer to:

## Biology

* Genetic variability, a measure of the tendency of individual genotypes in a population to vary from one another
* Heart rate variability, a physiological phenomenon where the time interval between heart beats varies
* Human variability, the range of possible values for any measurable characteristic, physical or mental, of human beings

## Other sciences


title: Vehicle registration plates of Mayotte

abstract: Mayotte requires its residents to register their motor vehicles and display vehicle registration plates. Current plates are European standard 520 mm × 110 mm, and use French stamping dies. The overseas departments and territories of France have three-digit codes, starting with 97, which was originally the single code for them all.

text:
# Vehicle registration plates of Mayotte

Mayotte requires its residents to register their motor vehicles and display **vehicle registration plates**. Current plates are European standard 520 mm × 110 mm, and use French stamping dies. The overseas departments and territories of France have three-digit codes, starting with 97, which was originally the single code for them all.

| Image | First issued | Design | Slogan | Serial format | Serials issued | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|

1. "License Plates of Mayotte". *www.worldlicenseplates.com*. Retrieved 23 August 2018.


title: Shoe-fitting fluoroscope

abstract: Shoe-fitting fluoroscopes, also sold under the names X-ray Shoe Fitter, Pedoscope and Foot-o-scope, were X-ray fluoroscope machines installed in shoe stores from the 1920s until about the 1970s in the United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Australia, South Africa, Germany and Switzerland. In the UK, they were known as Pedoscopes, after the company based in St. Albans that manufactured them. An example can be seen at the Science Museum, London. At the beginning of the 1930s, Bally was the first company to import pedoscopes into Switzerland from the UK. In the second half of the 20th century, growing awareness of radiation hazards and increasingly stringent regulations forced their gradual phasing out. They were widely used particularly when buying shoes for children, whose shoe size continually changed until adulthood. A shoe-fitting fluoroscope was a metal construction covered in finished wood, approximately 4 feet (1.2 m) high in the shape of short column, with a ledge with an opening through which the standing customer would put their feet and look through a viewing porthole at the top of the fluoroscope down at the X-ray view of the feet and shoes. Two other viewing portholes on either side enabled the parent and a sales assistant to observe the toes being wiggled to show how much room for the toes there was inside the shoe. The bones of the feet were clearly visible, as was the outline of the shoe, including the stitching around the edges.

text:
# Shoe-fitting fluoroscope

**Shoe-fitting fluoroscopes**, also sold under the names **X-ray Shoe Fitter**, **Pedoscope** and **Foot-o-scope**, were X-ray fluoroscope machines installed in shoe stores from the 1920s until about the 1970s in the United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Australia, South Africa, Germany and Switzerland. In the UK, they were known as Pedoscopes, after the company based in St. Albans that manufactured them. An example can be seen at the Science Museum, London. At the beginning of the 1930s, Bally was the first company to import pedoscopes into Switzerland from the UK. In the second half of the 20th century, growing awareness of radiation hazards and increasingly stringent regulations forced their gradual phasing out. They were widely used particularly when buying shoes for children, whose shoe size continually changed until adulthood.

A shoe-fitting fluoroscope was a metal construction covered in finished wood, approximately 4 feet (1.2 m) high in the shape of short column, with a ledge with an opening through which the standing customer (adult or child) would put their feet and look through a viewing porthole at the top of the fluoroscope down at the X-ray view of the feet and shoes. Two other viewing portholes on either side enabled the parent and a sales assistant to observe the toes being wiggled to show how much room for the toes there was inside the shoe. The bones of the feet were clearly visible, as was the outline of the shoe, including the stitching around the edges.

## Invention

There are multiple claims for the invention of the shoe-fitting fluoroscope. The most likely is Jacob Lowe, who demonstrated a modified medical device at shoe retailer conventions in 1920 in Boston and in 1921 in Milwaukee. Lowe filed a US patent application in 1919, granted in 1927, and assigned it to the Adrian Company of Milwaukee for US$15,000. Syl Adrian claims that his brother, Matthew Adrian, invented and built the first machine in Milwaukee; his name is featured in a 1922 advertisement for an X-ray shoe fitter. Clarence Karrer, the son of an X-ray equipment distributor, claims to have built the first unit in 1924 in Milwaukee, but had his idea stolen and patented by one of his father's employees. In the meantime, the British company Pedoscope filed a British patent application in 1924, granted in 1926, and claimed to have been building these machines since 1920.

The X-ray Shoe Fitter Corporation of Milwaukee and Pedoscope Company became the largest manufacturers of shoe-fitting fluoroscopes in the world.

## Health concerns

The risk of radiation burns to extremities was known since Wilhelm Röntgen's 1895 experiment, but this was a short-term effect with early warning from reddening of the skin (erythema). The long-term risks from chronic exposure to radiation began to emerge with Hermann Joseph Muller's 1927 paper showing genetic effects, and the incidence of bone cancer in radium dial painters of the same time period. However, there was not enough data to quantify the level of risk until atomic bomb survivors began to experience the long-term effects of radiation in the late 1940s. The first scientific evaluations of these machines in 1948 immediately sparked concern for radiation protection and electrical safety reasons, and found them ineffective at shoe fitting.

Large variations in dose were possible depending on the machine design, displacement of the shielding materials, and the duration and frequency of use. Radiation surveys showed that American machines delivered an average of 13 roentgen (r) (roughly 0.13 sievert (Sv) of equivalent dose in modern units) to the customer's feet during a typical 20-second viewing, with one capable of delivering 116 r (c. 1 Sv) in 20 seconds. British Pedoscopes produced about ten times less radiation.

A customer might try several shoes in a day, or return several times in a year, and radiation dose effects may be cumulative. A dose of 300 r can cause growth disturbance in a child, and 600 r can cause erythema in an adult. Hands and feet are relatively resistant to other forms of radiation damage, such as carcinogenesis.

Although most of the dose was directed at the feet, a substantial amount would scatter or leak in all directions. Shielding materials were sometimes displaced to improve image quality, to make the machine lighter, or out of carelessness, and this aggravated the leakage. The resulting whole-body dose may have been hazardous to the salesmen, who were chronically exposed, and to children, who are about twice as radiosensitive as adults. Monitoring of American salespersons found dose rates at pelvis height of up to 95 mr/week, with an average of 7.1 mr/week (up to c. 50 mSv/a, average c. 3.7 mSv/a effective dose). A 2007 paper suggested that even higher doses of 0.5 Sv/a were plausible. The most widely accepted model of radiation-induced cancer posits that the incidence of cancers due to ionizing radiation increases linearly with effective (i.e. whole-body) dose.

Years or decades may elapse between radiation exposure and a related occurrence of cancer, and no follow-up studies of customers can be performed for lack of records. According to a 1950 medical article on the machines: "Present evidence indicates that at least some radiation injuries are statistical processes that do not have a threshold. If this evidence is valid, there is no exposure which is absolutely safe and which produces no effect." Three shoe salespersons were identified with rare conditions that might have been associated with their chronic occupational exposure: a severe radiation burn requiring amputation in 1950, a case of dermatitis with ulceration in 1957, and a case of basal-cell carcinoma of the sole in 2004.

### Shoe industry response

Representatives of the shoe retail industry denied claims of potential harm in newspaper articles and opinion pieces. They argued that use of the devices prevented harm to customers' feet from poorly-fitted shoes.

## Regulation

There were no applicable regulations when shoe-fitting fluoroscopes were introduced. An estimated 10,000 machines were sold in the US, 3,000 in the UK, 1,500 in Switzerland, and 1,000 in Canada before authorities began discouraging their use. As understanding grew of the long-term health effects of radiation, a variety of bodies began speaking out and regulating the machines.

* 1931: ACXRP recommends limiting dose to 0.1 r per day (c. 0.5 r/week) in all applications.
* 1934: IXRPC recommends limiting dose to 0.2 r per day (c. 1 r/week) in all applications.
* 1946: ASA recommends limiting foot dose to 2 r per 5 second exposure, with a limit of 12 exposures per year for children.
* 1948: Warnings specific to the shoe-fitting fluoroscope start appearing in US journals.
* 1949: Tripartite Conference on Radiation Protection recommends lowering the dose limits:
    + 0.3 rep/week (c. 0.3 r/week) for whole body bone marrow
    + 1.5 rep/week (c. 1.5 r/week) for the hands
* 1950:
    + Warnings start appearing in UK journals.
    + A public inquiry was held in Queensland, Australia and warned against uncontrolled use
    + ICRP adopts the Tripartite recommendations, with some lack of clarity about units.
* 1953:
    + A definitive recommendation against use on children is published in the journal *Pediatrics*.
    + US Food and Drug Administration bans the machines.
* 1954:
    + NCRP recommends reducing dose limits by a factor of 10 for children, and other changes:
    + 15.6 mSv/a (c. 0.03 r/week) for whole body bone marrow
    + 78 mSv/a (c. 0.15 r/week) for the hands
* 1956: UK Ministry of Health considers regulating the machines.
* 1957:
    + Pennsylvania is the first US state to ban use of these machines.
    + ICRP recommends limiting occupational whole body dose to 50 mSv/a (c. 0.1 r/week)
* 1958:
    + The UK Government requires all machines be fitted with a warning sign advising customers of possible health risks, and that they should not use a machine more than 12 times a year.
    + NCRP recommends limiting public whole body dose to 5 mSv/a (c. 0.01 r/week)
* 1960: 160 devices are still in use in the Canton of Zürich.
* 1970s:
    + By 1970, 33 US states have banned the machine.
    + Late 1970s: Last recorded sighting of a shoe-fitting fluoroscope in service in Boston.
* 1973: The last devices still in use in West Germany are banned.
* 1989: Switzerland prohibits the machines.
* 1990: ICRP recommends reducing limits on exposure and other changes:
    + Occupational foot dose to 500 mSv/a (c. 1 r/week)
    + Occupational whole body dose to 20 mSv/a (c. 0.04 r/week)
    + Public whole body dose to 1 mSv/a (c. 0.002 r/week)

* Early on in the novel *It* by Stephen King, Eddie Kaspbrak remembers using and being enthralled by a shoe-fitting fluoroscope as a boy. Eddie remembers that this agonized his mother, who orders him to get away from the device because she believes that these machines cause cancer.
* In the novel *The House Without a Christmas Tree*, the young protagonist Addie Mills describes these devices.
* In 1999, *Time* placed *Shoe-Store X Rays* on a list of the 100 worst ideas of the 20th century.
* A shoe-fitting fluoroscope appeared on a 2011 episode of the History series *American Restoration*. Its radionuclide source was found to be so dangerous that it was removed and replaced with a static X-ray.
* A shoe-fitting fluoroscope can be seen near the beginning of the film *Billion Dollar Brain* starring Michael Caine, when his character uses it to establish the contents of a flask.

**Patents**

* US patent D149088, Jean Otis Reineeke, "Design for x-ray shoe fitting cabinet", issued 1948-03-23
* US patent 1614988, Lowe, J.J., "Method and Means for Visually Determining the Fit of Footwear.", issued 1927-10-05


title: Ten Mile River Baptist Church

abstract: Ten Mile River Baptist Church, also known as Tusten Baptist Church, is a historic Baptist church on NY 97, at the junction with Cochecton Turnpike in Tusten, Sullivan County, New York. It was built in 1856 and is a small frame meeting house with modest Greek Revival style detailing. It features a small, reconstructed, bell tower and spire. The church cemetery includes the gravesite of Gustavus A. Neumann, founding editor of the New Yorker Staats-Zeitung. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.

text:
# Ten Mile River Baptist Church

**Ten Mile River Baptist Church**, also known as Tusten Baptist Church, is a historic Baptist church on NY 97, at the junction with Cochecton Turnpike in Tusten, Sullivan County, New York. It was built in 1856 and is a small frame meeting house with modest Greek Revival style detailing. It features a small, reconstructed, bell tower and spire. The church cemetery includes the gravesite of Gustavus A. Neumann, founding editor of the *New Yorker Staats-Zeitung*.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Ten Mile River Baptist Church | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | NY 97, jct. with Cochecton Trnpk., Tusten, New York |
| Coordinates | 41°33′36″N 75°1′0″W / 41.56000°N 75.01667°W / 41.56000; -75.01667 |
| Area | 6 acres (2.4 ha) |
| Built | 1856 |
| Architectural style | Greek Revival |
| MPS | Upper Delaware Valley, New York and Pennsylvania, MPS |
| NRHP reference No. | 97000422 |
| Added to NRHP | May 9, 1997 |


title: The Basin Music Festival

abstract: The Basin Music Festival is held every March in the small fringe suburb/village of The Basin at the foot of Mount Dandenong, on the eastern outskirts of Melbourne, Australia. The first festival took place in March 2005. Growing out of the music found in the community, the non-profit, volunteer-run festival presents an eclectic collection of musical styles, including but not limited to rock, jazz, blues, folk, country and world music. The musical styles are decided by the interests and talents found throughout the outer eastern suburbs of Melbourne and the Dandenong Ranges. In addition to the music performed in seven indoor venues and The Basin Pavilion, the festival includes market stalls and food stalls, exhibitions and displays by community groups and organisations, with activities for children and a very laid-back country village atmosphere.

text:
# The Basin Music Festival

**The Basin Music Festival** is held every March in the small fringe suburb/village of The Basin at the foot of Mount Dandenong, on the eastern outskirts of Melbourne, Australia. The first festival took place in March 2005.

Growing out of the music found in the community, the non-profit, volunteer-run festival presents an eclectic collection of musical styles, including but not limited to rock, jazz, blues, folk, country and world music. The musical styles are decided by the interests and talents found throughout the outer eastern suburbs of Melbourne and the Dandenong Ranges.

In addition to the music performed in seven indoor venues (only two of which require paid admission) and The Basin Pavilion (a free outdoor stage in the park), the festival includes market stalls and food stalls, exhibitions and displays by community groups and organisations (such as the local Scouts and fire brigade), with activities for children and a very laid-back country village atmosphere.

37°51′36″S 145°18′50″E / 37.86000°S 145.31389°E / -37.86000; 145.31389

## InfoBox

| The Basin Music Festival | |
| --- | --- |
| Genre | Rock, Blues, Jazz, Country, World, Folk, etc... |
| Dates | 3rd or 4th weekend in March |
| Location(s) | Cnr Forest Rd & Mountain Hwy. The Basin, Victoria, Australia |
| Years active | March 2005-present |
| Website | Official website |


abstract:
Venezuela competed at the 2011 World Championships in Athletics from August 27 to September 4 in Daegu, South Korea.
A team of 3 athletes was
announced to represent the country
in the event.

text:
# Venezuela at the 2011 World Championships in Athletics

**Venezuela** competed at the **2011 World Championships in Athletics** from August 27 to September 4 in Daegu, South Korea. A team of 3 athletes was announced to represent the country in the event.

## Results

### Men

| Athlete | Event | Preliminaries | | Heats | | Semifinals | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Time
Width
Height | Rank | Time
Width
Height | Rank | Time
Width
Height | Rank | Time
Width
Height | Rank |
| Eduard Villanueva | 1500 metres |  | | 3:41.89 | 26 | 3:36.96 **NR** | 5 | 3:37.31 | 8 |

### Women

| Athlete | Event | Preliminaries | | Heats | | Semifinals | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Time
Width
Height | Rank | Time
Width
Height | Rank | Time
Width
Height | Rank | Time
Width
Height | Rank |
| Milángela Rosales | 20 kilometres walk |  | | | | | | 1:40:49 | 36 |
| Marielys Rojas | High jump | 1.85 **SB** | 25 |  | | | | Did not advance | |

## InfoBox

| Venezuela at the
2011 World Championships in Athletics | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| WA code | VEN |
| National federation | Federación Venezolana de Atletismo |
| Website | www.fva.cavillo.com.ve |
| in Daegu | |
| Competitors | 3 |
| Medals | Gold 0 Silver 0 Bronze 0 Total 0 |
| World Championships in Athletics appearances | |
|  | |
|


title: Mes amis, écoutez l'histoire

abstract: "Mes amis, écoutez l'histoire", is a tenor aria in Adolphe Adam's 1836 opera Le postillon de Lonjumeau. The D5 in the final verse is the highest commonly sung note for tenors in opera. Donizetti wrote an E♭5 for Edgardo in the first act of his opera Lucia di Lammermoor, though it is very seldom sung. Higher notes are occasionally sung in interpolations and ornaments in other bel canto operas, and exceptionally the written F5 at the end of "Credeasi, misera" in Bellini's I puritani. Famous performers of this aria are Nicolai Gedda, Helge Rosvaenge and Joseph Schmidt, often performing the German version, "Freunde, vernehmet die Geschichte".

text:
# Mes amis, écoutez l'histoire

"**Mes amis, écoutez l'histoire**", is a tenor aria in Adolphe Adam's 1836 opera *Le postillon de Lonjumeau*. The D5 in the final verse is the highest commonly sung note for tenors in opera. Donizetti wrote an E5 for Edgardo in the first act of his opera *Lucia di Lammermoor*, though it is very seldom sung. Higher notes are occasionally sung in interpolations and ornaments in other bel canto operas, and exceptionally the written F5 at the end of "Credeasi, misera" in Bellini's *I puritani*.

Famous performers of this aria are Nicolai Gedda, Helge Rosvaenge and Joseph Schmidt, often performing the German version, "Freunde, vernehmet die Geschichte".

## Lyrics


title: Tochigi Prefectural North Gymnasium

abstract: Tochigi Prefectural North Gymnasium is an arena in Ōtawara, Tochigi, Japan.

text:
# Tochigi Prefectural North Gymnasium

**Tochigi Prefectural North Gymnasium** is an arena in Ōtawara, Tochigi, Japan.

36°51′35″N 140°00′5.6″E / 36.85972°N 140.001556°E / 36.85972; 140.001556

## InfoBox

Tochigi Prefectural North Gymnasium
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Full name | Tochigi Prefectural North Gymnasium<br>栃木県立県北体育館 |
| Location | Ōtawara, Tochigi, Japan |
| Owner | Tochigi Prefecture |
| Operator | Tochigi Prefecture |
| Capacity | 2,054 |
| Construction | |
| Opened | July. 1996 |
| Construction cost |  |
| Website | |
| http://www.pref.tochigi.lg.jp/m07/education/sports/shisetsu/kenhokutaiikukan.html | |


title: Oquitoa

abstract: Oquitoa is a small town surrounded by Oquitoa Municipality in the northwest of the Mexican state of Sonora.

text:
# Oquitoa

**Oquitoa** is a small town surrounded by Oquitoa Municipality in the northwest of the Mexican state of Sonora.

## History

**Mission San Antonio Paduano de Oquitoa** was founded in 1689 by the Jesuit missionary Eusebio Kino. One theory is that the name Oquitoa means "white woman" in the Piman language. Another, taken from the 1910 publication "New Trails in Mexico" by Karl Lumholtz is that the name Oquitoa is taken from the O'odham or Piman Phrase, Hukit'o, "next to" or "nearby"(Lumholtz, p. 391, 1990) in reference to the nearby San Ignacio river. Louis Alphonse Pinart's Vocabulario de la Lengua Papaga, 1897, collected in Pitiquito Sonora Mexico from Trinidad Peralta and the Papago governor, Mattias Parra of the Papago community of Pitiquito corroborates Lumholtz's definition of Oquitoa as "hukit'o" Oks Toha, or Oquitoa as defined by the first theory as white woman, literally means 'woman white' that even in the structure of Piman grammar is awkward and is therefore highly unlikely.

## Health and education

There were only two primary schools and one doctor in a small health clinic in 2000.

## Economic activity

Agriculture covered 901 hectares (2000), most of which were not irrigated. Main crops are alfalfa, beans, corn and the production of fodder for the cattle industry.

Cattle raising was carried out by most of the work force (2000).

## Tourist sights

Of touristic importance is the San Antonio Paduano del Oquitoa mission, the only still-used church in the region of Jesuit (pre-1767) construction. Oquitoa is considered by many to be the gem of the Kino missions. Padre Kino first makes mention of San Antonio de Uquetoa on January 19, 1689, when the Father Visitor Manuel Gonzales assigned Father Antonio Arias as its first priest. The church apparently had a facelift by the Franciscans between 1788 and 1797, and was restored in 1920.

This simple adobe hall church stands atop a small hill in the midst of the village cemetery.

1. Tumacacori NHP: Mission Oquitoa

30°44′N 111°44′W / 30.733°N 111.733°W / 30.733; -111.733


title: The Crimson Canary

abstract: The Crimson Canary is a 1945 American mystery film directed by John Hoffman and written by Henry Blankfort and Peggy Phillips. The film stars Noah Beery Jr., Lois Collier, John Litel, Steven Geray, Claudia Drake and Danny Morton. The film was released on November 9, 1945, by Universal Pictures.

text:
# The Crimson Canary

***The Crimson Canary*** is a 1945 American mystery film directed by John Hoffman and written by Henry Blankfort and Peggy Phillips. The film stars Noah Beery Jr., Lois Collier, John Litel, Steven Geray, Claudia Drake and Danny Morton. The film was released on November 9, 1945, by Universal Pictures.

## Plot

## Cast

## Critical reception

Writing in AllMovie, writer and film critic Hal Erickson described the film as "an offbeat murder mystery," and that "\[although\] the plot is nothing special, the wall-to-wall music and 'hip' ambience of *Crimson Canary* result in a better than average Universal 'B' \[movie\]". A review in *TV Guide* reported that "equal attention is paid to both suspects and their motives," and that "Cool tunes color this one hot."

## InfoBox

| The Crimson Canary | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | John Hoffman |
| Screenplay by | Henry Blankfort
Peggy Phillips |
| Story by | Peggy Phillips |
| Produced by | Henry Blankfort |
| Starring | Noah Beery Jr.
Lois Collier
John Litel
Steven Geray
Claudia Drake
Danny Morton |
| Cinematography | Jerome Ash |
| Edited by | Paul Landres |
| Music by | Edgar Fairchild |
| Production
company | Universal Pictures |
| Distributed by | Universal Pictures |
| Release date | * November 9, 1945 (1945-11-09) |
| Running time | 64 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: USS Lodestone

abstract: USS Lodestone (ADG-8) was a degaussing vessel of the United States Navy, named after the mineral lodestone. Originally planned as a patrol craft escort (PCE-876), she was laid down on 27 May 1943 by the Albina Engine & Machine Works of Portland, Oregon; launched 30 September 1943; reclassified YDG-8 on 23 December 1943; and commissioned 10 July 1944.

text:
# USS Lodestone

**USS *Lodestone* (ADG-8)** was a degaussing vessel of the United States Navy, named after the mineral lodestone. Originally planned as a patrol craft escort **(PCE-876)**, she was laid down on 27 May 1943 by the Albina Engine & Machine Works of Portland, Oregon; launched 30 September 1943; reclassified **YDG-8** on 23 December 1943; and commissioned 10 July 1944.

## Service history

After shakedown *YDG-8* departed San Pedro, California on 18 August for the South Pacific. She operated out of Tulagi until early October when she joined the 7th Fleet, arriving Manus, Admiralty Islands, 6 October. For the rest of the war *YDG-8* provided degaussing services in the Pacific Islands, primarily at Manus and in the Philippines. After the war she returned to the United States and decommissioned in May 1946. She joined the Reserve Fleet and was berthed at San Diego, California. Reclassified ADG-8 on 1 November 1947, she was named *Lodestone* on 1 February 1955.

Struck from the Naval Register on 21 February 1975, *Lodestone* was scrapped 1 May 1976.

*This article incorporates text from the public domain* Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships*. The entry can be found here.*

* "*Lodestone*". *Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships*. Retrieved 5 January 2007.
* "*Lodestone* (ADG 8) / ex-YDG-8 / ex-PCE-876". *Patrol Craft Escort Photo Archive*. Retrieved 5 January 2007.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| United States | |
| Name | USS *Lodestone* |
| Builder | Albina Engine and Machine Works, Portland |
| Laid down | 27 May 1943 |
| Launched | 30 September 1943 |
| Commissioned | 10 July 1944 |
| Decommissioned | May 1946 |
| Renamed | *Lodestone*, 1 February 1955 |
| Reclassified | YDG-8, 23 December 1943 |
| Stricken | 21 February 1975 |
| Fate | Scrapped, 1 May 1976 |
| General characteristics | |
| Displacement | 640 long tons (650 t) |
| Length | 184 ft 6 in (56.24 m) |
| Beam | 34 ft (10 m) |
| Draft | 9 ft (2.7 m) |
| Speed | 14 knots (26 km/h; 16 mph) |
| Complement | 65 |
| Armament |  |