title: Valve guide

abstract: Valve guides are cylindrical metal bushes, pressed or integrally cast into the cylinder head of most types of reciprocating engines, to support the poppet valves so that they may make proper contact with its valve seat. Along with a corresponding valve spring, they are one component of an engine’s valve train. Guides also serve to conduct heat from the combustion process out from the exhaust valve and into the cylinder head where it may be taken up by the cooling system. Bronze is commonly used, as are various iron alloys; a balance between stiffness and wear on the valve is essential to achieve a useful service life. The clearance between the inner diameter of the valve guide and the outer diameter of the poppet valve stem is critical for the proper performance of an engine. If there is too little clearance, the valve may stick as oil contaminants and thermal expansion become factors. If there is too much clearance, the valve may not seat properly and excessive oil consumption can occur.

text:
# Valve guide

**Valve guides** are cylindrical metal bushes, pressed or integrally cast into the cylinder head of most types of reciprocating engines, to support the poppet valves so that they may make proper contact with its valve seat. Along with a corresponding valve spring, they are one component of an engine’s valve train.

Guides also serve to conduct heat from the combustion process out from the exhaust valve and into the cylinder head where it may be taken up by the cooling system. Bronze is commonly used, as are various iron alloys; a balance between stiffness and wear on the valve is essential to achieve a useful service life.

The clearance between the inner diameter of the valve guide and the outer diameter of the poppet valve stem is critical for the proper performance of an engine. If there is too little clearance, the valve may stick as oil contaminants and thermal expansion become factors. If there is too much clearance, the valve may not seat properly and excessive oil consumption can occur.

## Oil seal

The upper part of the valve stem, within the rocker box, is lubricated by oil. If this oil travels unchecked along the valve stem, engine HC emissions will become excessive. To control this, an elastomeric seal is fitted over the top of the valve guide. These may wear or stiffen with age, so are usually replaced whenever valves are removed for servicing.

## Wear

Over time, the inner diameter of the valve guide and the outer diameter of the valve stem may become worn.

### Reaming

In the 1980s, many U.S. production engine remanufacturers began reaming valve guides, rather than replacing them, as part of their remanufacturing process. They found that by reaming all the valve guides in a head to one standard size (typically 0.008 in. diametrically oversized), and installing remanufactured engine valves having stems that are also oversized, a typical engine head can be remanufactured in much less time. Since the reaming process leaves the valve guide with a much better surface finish and shape than typical replacement guides, and since the oversize valves often have chrome plated stems, remanufacturers also discovered that valve train warranty issues are virtually eliminated.

Studies have been conducted which show that through the proper selection of the reamer and reaming process, valve guides can be quickly and efficiently reamed to a consistently repeatable size.

### Replacement

Valve guides are typically shaped in a tube with a flare at one end. Their replacement involves removing the worn part by driving it out with a hammer and specifically-shaped punch. Installation may involve shrink-fitting, heating the cylinder head and cooling the valve guide so as to ease insertion, then driving the new guide in quickly with a press or a hammer. Once the parts return to room temperature the new valve guide will be solidly in place and ready to be reamed and honed to proper diameter.

1. "Custom Engine Valves". Cal Grinding. Retrieved 2017-02-26.
2. "Reamer Study". Cal Grinding. Retrieved 2017-02-26.


title: Vamanjoor

abstract: Vamanjoor is a residential locality which falls within the city corporation of Mangalore in Karnataka, India. It is en route to Moodabidri and Karkala by National Highway 169.

text:
# Vamanjoor

**Vamanjoor** is a residential locality which falls within the city corporation of Mangalore in Karnataka, India. It is en route to Moodabidri and Karkala by National Highway 169 (old NH13).

## Location

Vamanjoor is a tourist and residential locality in the Coastal city of Mangalore in Karnataka, India, close to Kudupu and Gurupura. Vamanjoor is famous for many historic as well as geographical reasons. It is also home for the first ever and the only Catholic Engineering institute in Karnataka, St. Joseph Engineering College.

Famous tourist attractions in Vamanjoor include Pilikula Nisargadhama, Swami Vivekananda Planetarium and Manasa water park. The doordarshan (state television) broadcasting facility for Mangalore is based at Vamanjoor. The biggest residential complex in the area is the quarters of the officers and staff of the Mangalore regional headquarters of the Employees' Provident Fund Organisation.

## Notable places

## Nearby locations

## InfoBox

| Vamanjoor | |
| --- | --- |
| Residential Locality | |
| VamanjoorLocation in Mangalore, Karnataka, IndiaVamanjoorVamanjoor (India) | |
| Coordinates: 12°54′55″N 74°53′52″E / 12.91528°N 74.89778°E / 12.91528; 74.89778 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Karnataka |
| District | Dakshina Kannada |
| Languages | |
| Official | Tulu, Konkani, Beary, Kannada |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 575028 |


title: Van Schaik

abstract:
Van Schaik is a Dutch toponymic surname meaning "from/of Schaik". Variants include Van Schaaik, Van Schaick, Van Schaïk, Van Schaijk and Van Schayk. While the latter two forms usually refer to an origin in Schaijk in North Brabant, the more common forms have an origin in multiple (small) places in the Rhine delta named Schaik (etc.), Schadijk, or the original Schadewijk. People with the surname include:
  - Andre van Schaik, Australian engineer
  - Carel van Schaik, Dutch primatologist
  - Henri van Schaik (1899–1991), Dutch horse rider
  - Jarad van Schaik, American soccer player
  - Josef van Schaik (1882–1962), Dutch politician, Minister of Justice and Deputy Prime Minister
  - Max van Schaik, Dutch basketball player
  - Paulien van Schaik, Dutch jazz singer
  - Sam van Schaik, English Tibetologist
  - Steef van Schaik (1888–1968), Dutch politician, Minister of Infrastructure, brother of Josef
  - Nicolai van Schaik, Danish law student, musician
  - Van Schaaik
  - Erik van Schaaik, Dutch animator
  - Van Schaijk / Van Schayk
  - Toer van Schayk, Dutch ballet dancer, choreographer, and artist

text:
# Van Schaik

**Van Schaik** is a Dutch toponymic surname meaning "from/of Schaik". Variants include *Van Schaaik*, *Van Schaick*, *Van Schaïk*, *Van Schaijk* and *Van Schayk*. While the latter two forms usually refer to an origin in Schaijk in North Brabant, the more common forms have an origin in multiple (small) places in the Rhine delta named Schaik (etc.), Schadijk, or the original *Schadewijk* (possibly "shaded place"). People with the surname include:

Van Schaaik Van Schaijk / Van Schayk * Toer van Schayk (born 1936), Dutch ballet dancer, choreographer, and artist


title: Van Riper–Hopper House

abstract: Van Riper–Hopper House is located in Wayne, Passaic County, New Jersey, United States. The house was built in 1786 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 21, 1972. The house is home to the Wayne Township Museum.

text:
# Van Riper–Hopper House

**Van Riper–Hopper House** is located in Wayne, Passaic County, New Jersey, United States. The house was built in 1786 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 21, 1972. The house is home to the Wayne Township Museum.

## History

The house was built in 1786 by Uriah Van Riper. The house remained in the Van Riper family and was bequeathed to Uriah Van Riper's great granddaughter, Mary Ann Van Riper, who married Andrew Hopper in 1872. On July 6, 1964, the house was officially dedicated as the Wayne Township Museum. Prior to Uriah's building the house, the property was purchased by Richard (Dirck) Van Riper in 1762, and consisted of 145 acres. The town of Wayne was known as Saddle River at the time, which is referenced in Richard Van Riper's will. The "barn house" in the back was removed from its original place near the Wayne Hills Mall, and transported to the property of the Van Riper House Museum.

## Geography

When the Van Riper–Hopper House land was first purchased, Northern New Jersey was divided into East and West Jersey. Today's Wayne Township was known as Saddle River, and belonged to Bergen County. Its location is now known as Passaic County.

## Architecture

The house was built in the traditional Dutch Colonial style. The second hallway of the second floor was altered by a previous owner in the 1950s. Built in closets and dressers were added, which were not typical of the Dutch Colonial style.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Van Riper–Hopper House | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| New Jersey Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| Van Riper–Hopper House Museum, seen from the front in mid-December, 2011. | |
|  | |
| Nearest city | 533 Berdan Avenue, Wayne, New Jersey |
| Coordinates | 40°58′39.59″N 74°14′34.45″W / 40.9776639°N 74.2429028°W / 40.9776639; -74.2429028 |
| Area | 2.7 acres (1.1 ha) |
| Architect | Van Riper, Uriah R. & Berdan |
| Architectural style | Dutch Colonial |
| NRHP reference No. | 72000806 |
| NJRHP No. | 2418 |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | August 21, 1972 |
| Designated NJRHP | May 1, 1972 |


title: Vangapandu Prasada Rao

abstract: Prasada Rao was an Indian poet, lyricist and actor, better known as ‘Vangapandu’ in the North coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh. He actively participated in Communist lead agitations. He was well known for his multiple talents of composing, singing, dancing, and acting. His revolutionary songs yantrametta nadustumdantee, Jajjenaka janare, eem pillado eldamostavaa, ooda nuv vellipoke etc. are very popular.

text:
# Vangapandu Prasada Rao

**Prasada Rao** (Telugu: వంగపండు ప్రసాదరావు) (1943 – 4 August 2020) was an Indian poet, lyricist and actor, better known as ‘Vangapandu’ in the North coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh. He actively participated in Communist lead agitations. He was well known for his multiple talents of composing, singing, dancing, and acting. His revolutionary songs *yantrametta nadustumdantee*, *Jajjenaka janare*, *eem pillado eldamostavaa*, *ooda nuv vellipoke* etc. are very popular.

## Early life

He was born in 1943 in Pedabondappali (village), Parvathipuram (MD), to Jagannadham and Chinathalli in Vizianagaram district of Andhra Pradesh. He has expired in the early hours of 4 August 2020.

## Career

Vangapandu, Gaddar and B.Narsing Rao founded the Jana Natya Mandali, the cultural wing of the People's War Group in 1972. He has written over 400 songs in the past three decades. Of these, 12 have been translated into 10 Indian languages like Tamil, Bengali, Kannada and Hindi besides all the tribal dialects. His song *Yentrametta Nadusthuvundante* was translated by a professor into English and was admired both in the United States and in England.

He performed on the invitation of various people's organisations. He gave over 2,000 performances not only in Andhra Pradesh but also in other parts of the country. He also trained youth to sing and dance to the songs.

In 2010, he remixed acclaimed revolutionary song "em pillado" by praising late Y.S Rajashekhar Reddy, which drew heavy criticism from leftist circles.

## Personal life

Vangapandu was married and had two sons and a daughter, Vangapandu Usha, also a popular ballad singer. She is now cultural wing secretary in YSR Congress party.

* *Emi pilloi yeldamosthava*
* *Jajjenaka janare*
* *Nampally station Kada* (this song is written by adrusta Deepak)
* *Yentrametta nadusthuvundante*

## Awards

In 2008, he was presented with the Bollimantha Sivarama Krishna Memorial Award in Tenali.


title: Varena gens

abstract: The gens Varena or Varenia, rarely Vorena, was a minor plebeian family at ancient Rome. Only a few members of this gens are mentioned in Roman literature, but many others are known from inscriptions. Several of the Vareni held minor magistracies at Rome or in other towns during imperial times, including Lucius Varenus Lucullus, who was a military tribune and pontifex during the first century, and Quintus Varenus Ingenuus, who served as aedile and quaestor. Vorena, a woman of this family during the second or third century, seems to have been a Vestal Virgin.

text:
# Varena gens

The **gens Varena** or **Varenia**, rarely **Vorena**, was a minor plebeian family at ancient Rome. Only a few members of this gens are mentioned in Roman literature, but many others are known from inscriptions. Several of the Vareni held minor magistracies at Rome or in other towns during imperial times, including Lucius Varenus Lucullus, who was a military tribune and pontifex during the first century, and Quintus Varenus Ingenuus, who served as aedile and quaestor. Vorena, a woman of this family during the second or third century, seems to have been a Vestal Virgin.

## Origin

The nomen *Varenus* belongs to a class of gentilicia ending in *-enus*, typically derived from other nomina, or occasionally from the names of places. Many of the Vareni are known from inscriptions from towns of Umbria and Sabina, likely indicating their place of origin.

## Praenomina

The main praenomina of the Vareni were *Marcus*, *Lucius*, and *Titus*, followed by *Publius* and *Gaius*. All of these were among the most common praenomina throughout Roman history. A few of the Vareni are found with other praenomina, including *Quintus* and *Gnaeus*, while there are individual examples of *Decimus*, *Sextus*, and *Statius*, a praenomen found primarily among the Oscan and Umbrian-speaking peoples of Italy. A freedwoman named Rufa Vorena who lived under the early Empire provides an example of a feminine praenomen.

## Members

*This list includes abbreviated praenomina. For an explanation of this practice, see filiation.* * Varena C. l., a freedwoman, dedicated a first-century BC tomb at Spoletium in Umbria for her husband, Publius Marcius Varus.
* Lucius Varenus, accused of murdering Gaius Varenus and attempting to murder Gnaeus Varenus, was defended by Cicero about 79 BC, but nonetheless convicted. Cicero's oration has been lost.
* Gaius Varenus, murdered about 80 BC, ostensibly by his relative, Lucius Varenus, who was convicted despite being defended by Cicero.
* Gnaeus Varenus, said to have survived an attempt on his life by his relative, Lucius Varenus, who was tried and convicted for the crime, along with the murder of Gaius Varenus.
* Gnaeus Varenus L. f., the husband of Rutila Brutsena, with whom he was buried at Interamnia Praetuttiorum in Picenum, in a tomb dating between the middle of the first century BC and the middle of the first century AD.
* Lucius Varenus or Vorenus, a centurion under the command of Quintus Cicero during the Gallic Wars. He and a rival, Titus Pulfio, fought heroically against the Gauls during a sortie, each rescuing the other despite their rivalry.
* Marcus Varenus M. l. Anteros, a freedman mentioned in a funeral inscription from Rome, dating from the latter half of the first century BC.
* Lucius Varenus St. f. Taurus, buried at Volsinii in Etruria, in a tomb dating from the latter half of the first century BC.
* Rufa Vorena P. l. Ge, a freedwoman named in an inscription from Cales in Campania, dating from the late first century BC, or the early first century AD.
* Lucius Varenus L. f. Celer, named in a first-century sepulchral inscription from Amiternum in Sabinum.
* Varenus Clarus, a freedman named in a first-century sepulchral inscription from Fulginiae in Umbria.
* Marcus Varenius Diogenes, built a first-century sepulchre at Rome for himself, his wife, Veturia Maxima, and for Marcus Varenius Fortunatus Maius and Marcus Varenius Fortunatus, probably their sons.
* Marcus Varenius Fortunatus, a boy buried at Rome, aged seven years, ten months, and fifteen days, in a first-century sepulchre at Rome, built by Marcus Varenius Diogenes, likely his father, for himself, his wife, Veturia Maxima, and Marcus Varenius Fortunatus Maius, perhaps another son.
* Marcus Varenius Fortunatus Maius, buried at Rome in a first-century sepulchre built by Marcus Varenius Diogenes, probably his father, for himself, his wife, Veturia Maxima, and another Marcus Varenius Fortunatus, perhaps another son.
* Varenia M. l. Eleutheris, a freedwoman buried at Rome, aged twenty, named in a first-century sepulchral inscription, along with Marcus Varenius Maximus.
* Marcus Varenus Felix, named in a first-century inscription from Rome.
* Marcus Varenius Maximus, named in a first-century sepulchral inscription from Rome, along with the freedwoman Varenia Eleutheris.
* Vorena I\[...\] Maxima, named in a first-century sepulchral inscription from Amiternum, along with the freedwoman Coelia Salvia.
* Varena Sabina, the wife of Gnaeus Caninius Faustus, with whom she was buried at Tusculum in Latium, in a family sepulchre built by the freedman Marcus Publilius Stratus, dating from the first half of the first century.
* Varena Cn. l. Hilara, a freedwoman buried in a first-century tomb at Forum Cassii in Etruria.
* Sextus Varenus T. f. Priscus, one of the Seviri Augustales, buried at Tarnaiae Nantuatium in Alpes Poeninae, aged fifty-seven, in a tomb dating from the first century, dedicated by one or more of his siblings.
* Varena Lacte, the wife of Gaius Alledius Marcellus, with whom she dedicated a first- or second-century tomb at Vicus Fificulanus in Sabinum for their son, Gaius Alledius Marcellus, aged fourteen years, four months, and twenty-seven days.
* Decimus Varenus Bitia, a physician, some of whose prescriptions are recorded in an inscription from the site of modern Rubenach, formerly part of Germania Inferior, dating between the first century and the middle of the third.
* Quintus Varenus, buried at Hispellum in Umbria, in a sepulchre dating from the beginning of the first century. The freedman Lucius Varenus Chilo was buried in the same sepulchre.
* Lucius Varenus Chilo, the freedman of Niger, buried in a sepulchre at Hispellum, dating from the beginning of the first century. A Quintus Varenus was buried in the same sepulchre.
* Varena C. f. Candida, the wife of Gaius Arruntius Ingenuus, buried at Carnuntum in Pannonia Superior, aged thirty-five, in a family sepulchre dating from the early or middle part of the first century, built by her husband for Varena and their sons, Gaius Arruntius Lentulus, aged five, and Gaius Arruntius Ligus, aged three.
* Varena Lycoris, made an offering to Fortuna at Fulginiae, recorded in an inscription from the early first century.
* Lucius Varenus L. f. Lucullus, one of the municipal duumvirs at Fulginiae, had been a military tribune, *praefectus fabrum*, in charge of the military engineers, and pontifex. His career is recorded in an inscription dating between the reigns of Tiberius and Claudius.
* Varenia Montanilla, the daughter of Montanus, buried at the site of modern Cavillargues, formerly part of Aquitania, aged twenty-two, in a tomb built by her husband, Quintus Solonius Philippus, dating between the first and third century.
* Varena Q. f. Major, the wife of Marcus Lartidius, named in inscriptions from Tibur.
* Marcus Varenus Ɔ. M. Lartidi l. Clarus, freed by Marcus Lartidius and his wife, Varena Major, according to a inscription from Nola in Campania, dating from AD 21.
* Marcus Varenus Ɔ. M. Lartidi l. Diphilus, freed by Marcus Lartidius and his wife, Varena Major, made a donation to the maintenance of the temple of Hercules at Tibur in Latium.
* Marcus Varenus Herma, buried at Rome in a tomb dating from the middle portion of the first century, dedicated by his clientes Marcus Varenus Hermes and Marcus Varenus Eutychus.
* Marcus Varenus Hermes, together with Marcus Varenus Eutychus, dedicated a mid-first-century tomb at Rome for their patron, Marcus Varenus Herma.
* Marcus Varenus Eutychus, together with Marcus Varenus Hermes, dedicated a mid-first-century tomb at Rome for their patron, Marcus Varenus Herma.
* Quintus Varenus C. f. Ingenuus, buried at Tuder in Sabinum, along with his concubine, Flaminia Horeis, in a tomb dating between the middle of the first and end of the second century, had been aedile, quaestor, and *duumvir jure dicundo*.
* Marcus Varenus M. f. Valens, a veteran of the Legio VII Claudia, made a will naming his freedman, Marcus Varenus Secundus, as his heir, commemorated by an inscription from Aequum in Dalmatia, dating between the reign of Claudius and the middle of the second century.
* Marcus Varenus M. l. Secundus, the freedman of Marcus Varenus Valens, who named him as his heir, according to an inscription from Aequum, dating between the reign of Claudius and the middle of the second century.
* Marcus Varenus Tyrannus, the freedman of Clarus, mentioned in an inscription relating to the amphitheatre at Praeneste in Latium, dating from the latter part of the reign of Claudius.
* Varena Chelido, dedicated a tomb at Rome, dating between the middle of the first and the middle of the second century, for her patron and husband, Publius Aerenus Teres, aged forty-nine.
* Marcus Varenus Aprilis, a potter whose maker's mark has been found on small earthenware from Pompeii in Campania.
* Marcus Varenus Crescens, a potter whose work has been found at Pompeii.
* Publius Varenus Zetus, named on a first-century bronze label from Pompeii.
* Publius Varenus Q. f. Modestus, a native of Ariminum in Cisalpine Gaul, was a soldier in the ninth cohort of the Praetorian Guard at Rome, serving in the century of Maturus. He was buried in a first-century tomb at Rome, aged forty, having served for twenty years.
* Varena Secunda, named in a late first- or early second-century inscription from Rome, along with a Tessia.
* Titus Varenus Priscus, one of the seviri Augustales, buried at Ameria in Umbria, in a tomb dating between the middle of the first century and the end of the second.
* Varenus Atilius, together with his wife, Severina, dedicated a second-century tomb at Peltuinum in Sabinum for their son, Chrestus, aged six years, one month.
* Varenius Fortunatus, inurned in a second-century cinerarium at Rome, along with Aemilia Ammia.
* Varenia Helena, together with Lucius Valerius Justus, one of the heirs of Valerius of Alexandria, a soldier buried in a second-century tomb at Misenum in Campania, aged fifty-six years, four months, and twelve days, having served for twenty-six years. The inscription naming them may be a modern forgery.
* Marcus Varenius Januarius, buried at Rome, aged ninety-six, along with his wife, Lusia Nomice, in a second-century tomb dedicated by their client, Marcus Varenius Felix.
* Marcus Varenius Felix, dedicated a second-century tomb at Rome for his patrons, Marcus Varenius Januarius and his wife, Lusia Nomice.
* Varenia Justina, the wife of Thorasius Felix, with whom she dedicated a second-century tomb at Sassina in Umbria for their daughter, Thorasia Marcellina, aged fourteen years, seven months, and fourteen days.
* Gaius Varenus Privatus, buried in a second-century tomb at Aquileia in Venetia and Histria, dedicated by his daughter, Clodia Moschis.
* Varena, a woman named in a second- or third-century sepulchral inscription from Viminacium in Moesia Superior.
* Vorena, at one time a Vestal Virgin, dedicated a second- or third-century tomb at Ostia in Latium for her son, Quintus Vorenus.
* Quintus Vorenus, buried in a second- or third-century tomb at Ostia, dedicated by his mother, Vorena, who had been a Vestal Virgin.
* Varenia Felicissima, dedicated a second- or third-century tomb at Rome for her daughter, Aurelia Hermione.
* Varena Jucunda, the wife of Gaius Turranius Hermadion, with whom she dedicated a second- or third-century tomb at Rome for their children, Augurinus, aged twelve years, two months, twenty-five days, and Augurina, aged six years, four months, four days.
* Varenius Montanus, buried at Lambaesis in Numidia, aged sixty-seven, in a second- or third-century tomb built by his wife, Julia Licinia.
* Varenus Rufus, governor of Bithynia and Pontus from AD 105 to 106.
* Titus Varenius Probus, one of the duumvirs at Sarmizegetusa in Dacia, where he was buried in a tomb built by his son, Varenius Pudens, dating from the early second century.
* Titus Varenius T. f. Pudens, an eques, and flamen of the Roman colony at Sarmizgetusa, where he dedicated an early second-century tomb for his father, Titus Varenius Probus.
* Publius Varenius Nerva, one of the donors to the enlargement of a mid-second-century temple at Ostia in Latium.
* Publius Varenius Zethus, another of the donors to the enlargement of the temple at Ostia.
* Varena Quinta, built a mid- to late-second century tomb at Iader in Dalmatia for her husband, Marcus Cursineius Dexter.
* Marcus Varenius Hermes, a *nummularius*, or money changer, built a tomb for his wife, Masclinia Aquina, at Colonia in Germania Inferior, dating from the latter half of the second century.
* Lucius Varenius Rufus, possibly a tribune, made an offering to Jupiter at Misenum, dating between the middle of the second century and the middle of the third.
* Varena, the mother of a woman buried at Misenum between the latter half of the second century, and the first half of the third, aged twenty-three. A Macrinus named shortly before Varena might be the woman's father.
* Varena Donata, dedicated a tomb at Rome, dating from the latter half of the second century, for the youth Marcus Varenus Zmaragdus.
* Varena Marcella, dedicated a tomb at Rome, dating from the latter half of the second century, or the first half of the third, for her husband, the freedman Gaius Turranius Arianus, with whom she had lived for eleven years.
* Marcus Varenus Zmaragdus, a youth buried at Rome, aged thirteen years, six months, and twelve days, in a tomb dedicated by Varena Donata, dating from the latter half of the second century.
* Varenia Tecusa, dedicated a tomb at Rome, dating from the latter half of the second century, for her brother, Lucius Aelius Crispinus.
* Lucius Varenius (L. f.?), a soldier listed in an inscription from Rome, dating from AD 153.
* Marcus Varenus Polybius, made a libation in honour of Jupiter Optimus Maximus at Forum Livii in Aemilia Regio in AD 170. In 185, he and Varena Chrysidia made a libation to Juno Regina, also at Forum Livii.
* Publius Varenus Probus, one of the public *curatores* at Cures in Sabinum, along with Gaius Julius Felix, Manius Paccius Hermes, and Publius Postumius Zeuxippus, who participated in a libation and dedicatory offering in AD 173.
* Varena Chrysidia, along with Marcus Varenus Polybius, made a libation to Juno Regina at Forum Livii in AD 185.
* Titus Varenius Probus, an eques, and one of the duumvirs at Sarmizegetusa, buried along with his sister in a tomb dating from the late second century, dedicated by his colleague, the pontifex Marcus Cominius Quintus.
* Lucius Varenus Venustus, along with his daughter, Varena Prima, dedicated a tomb at Fulginiae, dating between the middle of the second and the middle of the third, for his son, Lucius Varenus Severus, a soldier in the eleventh urban cohort.
* Varena L. f. Prima, along with her father, Lucius Varenus Venustus, dedicated a tomb at Fulginiae, dating between the middle of the second century and the middle of the third, for her brother, Lucius Varenus Severus, a soldier in the eleventh urban cohort.
* Lucius Varenus L. f. Severus, a soldier in the eleventh Urban Cohort, was buried at Fulginiae, aged eighteen years, four months, and twelve days, in a tomb dating between the middle of the second century and the middle of the third, dedicated by his father, Lucius Varenus Venustus, and sister, Varena Prima.
* Varenia Diogenis, the wife of Gaius Salonius Theodotus, was buried at Portus in Latium, in a tomb built by her husband, dating from the first half of the third century.
* Varenius Taurus, the father of Varenius Lupus and Varenius Provincialis, known from a third-century funerary inscription from Lugdunum in Gaul.
* Varenius Lupus, the son of Taurus, was a young man buried at Lugdunum during the first half of the third century, aged twenty years, seven months, and fifteen days, in a tomb built by his brother, Varenius Provincialis.
* Varenius Provincialis, the son of Taurus, dedicated a tomb at Lugdunum, dating from the first half of the third century, for his brother, Varenius Lupus.
* Titus Varenius T. f. Pudens, an eques, was one of the decurions at Sarmizegetusa, and a patron of the neighboring towns of Apulum and Porolissum, according to a Severan-era inscription.
* Gaius Varenus Terminalis, a soldier in the fifth cohort of the vigiles at Rome in AD 205, serving in the century of Aulupor.
* Titus Varenius Gallicanus, an officer in the *collegium fabrorum*, or artisans' guild, at Sarmizegetusa, according to an inscription dating from the second quarter of the third century.
* Varenius Legitimus, together with Cornelius Trophimus, one of the municipal duumvirs of Laurentum and Lavinium in Latium in AD 227 or 228.
* Titus Varenius T. f. Sabinianus, an eques buried at Alba Julia in Dacia during the middle part of the third century, in a tomb built by his wife, Cornelia Lucilla, and sister, Varenia Probina, had been a soldier, decurion, and flamen at several towns in Dacia.
* Varena, dedicated a tomb at Rome, dating from the middle to late third century, for her daughter, Quinta Flavia Severina, aged two years, ten months, and seventeen days.
* Varena, named on a cinerarium found at the site of modern Sesto Calende, formerly part of Cisalpine Gaul, dating between the middle of the third and the end of the fourth century.

### Undated Vareni

* Varena, mentioned in a funerary inscription from Vicus Fificulanus.
* Varena T. f., along with her sister, Severilla, and Symphorus, perhaps their freedman, made an offering at Augusta Praetoria in Cisalpine Gaul to the spirit of their father, Titus, and to Juno.
* Varenus, named in a sepulchral inscription from Rome.
* Varenus, a freedman of the emperor, was an adjutor tabelarii, or deputy accountant. He made a libation in honor of Apollo at Ostia.
* Varenus, named in an inscription from Nemausus in Gallia Narbonensis.
* Varenus, a centurion *primus pilus* named in an inscription from an uncertain province.
* Varenius, named in an inscription from the site of modern Gailhan, formerly part of Gallia Narbonensis.
* Publius Varenus, the former master of Primigenius, the son of Yimenaeus, a little boy buried at Rome, aged three years and four months.
* Varenia Agrippina, the wife of Lucius Arvianius Lentulus Festus, with whom she built a tomb at Rome for their son, Lucius Arvianius Justus Agrippinus, aged eight years, forty days.
* Varena P. l. Arescusa, a freedwoman buried at Florentia in Etruria, together with her fellow freedwoman, Rompenna Philas.
* Varenia Auge, buried at Nemausus, in a tomb built by her husband, Caesius Patroclus.
* Marcus Varenus Ɔ. l. Clemens, a freedman buried at Rome, in a family sepulchre built by the freedwoman Varena Fausta for her patron, Marcus Varenus Phileros and Marcus Canuleius Chrestus.
* Varena M. l. Fausta, a freedwoman, built a family sepulchre at Rome for her patron, Marcus Varenus Phileros, and the freedmen Marcus Varenus Clemens and Marcus Canuleius Chrestus.
* Marcus Varenus M. l. Faustus, a freedman named in a sepulchral inscription from Rome.
* Marcus Varenus Hermadio, supposedly a freedman, who with his *conliberti* Marcus Varenus Pasiphilus and Marcus Varenus Onesimus, dedicated a tomb at Rome for their patron, Marcus Varenus Macarianus. The inscription is thought to be a forgery.
* Marcus Varenus M. l. Gamus, a freedman buried in a family sepulchre at Rome, along with Tutilia Helena, Marcus Varenus Potitus, and Gaius Valerius Achilles.
* Marcus Varenus Graphicus, along with the freedwoman Vibia Hermione, perhaps his wife, dedicated a sepulchre at Rome for Vibia Quieta, former mistress of Hermione, and her two daughters, Veneria, aged seven years, ten months, and Helpis, aged twelve years, twenty-seven days.
* Varena or Varenia Longina, together with her daughter, Varena Harmonia, dedicated a tomb at Rome for her husband, Lucius Plotius Dio. Longina also built a tomb at Ostia for her daughter, Plotia Sabina, aged three years, two months.
* Varena L. f. Harmonia, the daughter of Lucius Plotius Dio and Varena Longina. She and her mother built a tomb at Rome for her father.
* Marcus Varenus Liberalis, named on a lead pipe found at Rome.
* Marcus Varenus Macarianus, supposed to have been buried at Rome in a tomb dedicated by his freedmen, Marcus Varenus Pasiphilus, Marcus Varenus Hermadio, and Marcus Varenus Onesimus. The inscription is thought to be a forgery.
* Marcus Varenus Onesimus, supposedly a freedman, who with his *conliberti* Marcus Varenus Hermadio and Marcus Varenus Pasiphilus, dedicated a tomb at Rome for their patron, Marcus Varenus Macarianus. The inscription is thought to be a forgery.
* Marcus Varenus Pasiphilus, supposedly a freedman, who with his *conliberti* Marcus Varenus Hermadio and Marcus Varenus Onesimus, dedicated a tomb at Rome for their patron, Marcus Varenus Macarianus. The inscription is thought to be a forgery.
* Marcus Varenus M. l. Phileros, a freedman buried at Rome, in a tomb dedicated by his client, the freedwoman Varena Fausta, for herself, Phileros, and the freedmen Marcus Varenus Clemens and Marcus Canuleius Chrestus.
* Marcus Varenus M. l. Potitus, a freedman buried in a family sepulchre at Rome, along with Marcus Varenus Gamus, Tutilia Helena, and Gaius Valerius Achilles.
* Varenia Primitiva, buried at Rome, in a sepulchre built by her husband, Gaius Baebius Evangelus, for himself and his family.
* Varenus Proculeianus, a centurion mentioned in an inscription from Bovium in Britannia.
* Titus Varenius Severus, the husband of Frontinia Servata, a woman buried at Nemausus, aged thirty-five years, seven months, and twelve days, in a tomb built by Varenius and her parents, Gaius Frontinius Servatus and Secundina, the daughter of Paternus.
* Marcus Varenius Valentinus, buried at Rome in a tomb build by his parents.
* Marcus Varenius Valentinus, buried at Castrimoenium in Latium, in a tomb built by his parents.
* Gaius Varenius Varus, guardian of the Roman settlers among the Osismi in Gallia Lugdunensis, dedicated a statue to Neptunus Hippius. The base of the statue with its inscription was found in 1948; the statue was found nearby in 2004.

## Bibliography

* Marcus Tullius Cicero, *Fragmenta* (ed. Orelli).
* Gaius Julius Caesar, *Commentarii de Bello Gallico* (Commentaries on the Gallic War).
* Marcus Fabius Quintilianus (Quintilian), *Institutio Oratoria* (Institutes of Oratory).
* Gaius Plinius Caecilius Secundus (Pliny the Younger), *Epistulae* (Letters).
* Wilhelm Drumann, *Geschichte Roms in seinem Übergang von der republikanischen zur monarchischen Verfassung, oder: Pompeius, Caesar, Cicero und ihre Zeitgenossen*, Königsberg (1834–1844).
* *Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology*, William Smith, ed., Little, Brown and Company, Boston (1849).
* Theodor Mommsen *et alii*, *Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum* (The Body of Latin Inscriptions, abbreviated *CIL*), Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften (1853–present).
* *Bullettino della Commissione Archeologica Comunale in Roma* (Bulletin of the Municipal Archaeological Commission of Rome, abbreviated *BCAR*), (1872–present).
* René Cagnat *et alii*, *L'Année épigraphique* (The Year in Epigraphy, abbreviated *AE*), Presses Universitaires de France (1888–present).
* George Davis Chase, "The Origin of Roman Praenomina", in *Harvard Studies in Classical Philology*, vol. VIII, pp. 103–184 (1897).
* Paul von Rohden, Elimar Klebs, & Hermann Dessau, *Prosopographia Imperii Romani* (The Prosopography of the Roman Empire, abbreviated *PIR*), Berlin (1898).
* *Rendiconti Reale Istituto lombardo di scienze e lettere* (Reports of the Royal Institute of Lombardy of Science and Letters, abbreviated *RIL*).
* Anna and Jaroslav Šašel, *Inscriptiones Latinae quae in Iugoslavia inter annos MCMXL et MCMLX repertae et editae sunt* (Inscriptions from Yugoslavia Found and Published between 1940 and 1960), Ljubljana (1963–1986).
* *The Roman Inscriptions of Britain* (abbreviated *RIB*), Oxford, (1990–present).
* Gian Luca Gregori, *La collezione epigrafica dell'antiquarium comunale del Celio* (The Epigraphic Collection of the Ancient Community of the Caelian Hill), Quasar, Rome (2001).
* Jean-Yves Éveillard, Yvan Maligorne, "Une statue de Neptune Hippius à Douarnenez (Finistère)", in *Actes du Xe colloque international sur l'art provincial romain*, Arles, pp. 557–563 (May 2007).
* *Bollettino della reale Deputazione di Storia patria per l'Umbria* (Bulletin of the Royal Deputation of the History of the Fatherland of Umbria, abbreviated *BDSPU*).


title: Vaynor and Penderyn High School

abstract: Vaynor and Penderyn High School was situated at Cefn Coed, Merthyr Tydfil in Wales. Although now part of Merthyr Tydfil, the area covered by the school was part of the old county of Brecknockshire (Breconshire) until local government reorganisation in 1974. The designated catchment area of the school was made up of the communities served principally by Ysgol y Graig Primary in Merthyr Tydfil and Penderyn and Hirwaun Primary Schools in Rhondda Cynon Taff, and is an area which suffers a high degree of economic deprivation. The school had an age range of 11-18 and a capacity of 455 places which would be small for a secondary school even if full. The School was opened by Robert Crawshay in 1861 but closed in 2005.

text:
# Vaynor and Penderyn High School

**Vaynor and Penderyn High School** was situated at Cefn Coed, Merthyr Tydfil in Wales. Although now part of Merthyr Tydfil, the area covered by the school was part of the old county of Brecknockshire (Breconshire) until local government reorganisation in 1974. The designated catchment area of the school was made up of the communities served principally by Ysgol y Graig Primary in Merthyr Tydfil and Penderyn and Hirwaun Primary Schools in Rhondda Cynon Taff, and is an area which suffers a high degree of economic deprivation. The school had an age range of 11-18 and a capacity of 455 places which would be small for a secondary school even if full.

The School was opened by Robert Crawshay in 1861 but closed in 2005.

## History

Few schools in Wales can boast a history as long as Vaynor & Penderyn. The school can record its history back to well over three centuries, with the first school on this site being a circulating school established in a farmhouse in 1740. There has been a school of one kind or another serving the community and offering opportunity of an education to one and all on this very site ever since.

The oldest building still in use dates from 1861. This works school was paid for by Rose Mary Crawshay, wife of the Cyfartha Ironmaster at a time when Merthyr Tydfil was arguably the Iron capital of the world. The school was extended in 1868 following the passing of the Parliamentary Bill known as the Forster Education Act.

This school continued to serve the community until it was further extended in 1932 when the Vaynor and Penderyn Grammar and Secondary School was established. The first Headmaster, Mr. Trevor Lovett, established a national reputation as an advocate of multilateral schools (a kind of precursor to comprehensive education) and was instrumental in placing this school at the forefront of educational innovation in the 1930s and 1940s. Innovations that as one might expect were a response to the unemployment and economic depression that South Wales experienced throughout the 1930s. From c1950 to 1990 it was called Vaynor and Penderyn Comprehensive School/Ysgol Gufun Y Faenor a Phenderyn.

This school site has offered the opportunity of an education for one and all for more than 250 years, a record superseded in Wales only by some of the older independent schools.

## School Site

Having such a long and varied history has produced a school with a range of buildings, arguably one from each of the last three centuries, unique to a local authority school in Wales. Located in the heart of Cefn Coed, the school is surrounded on all sides by residential property, this gave the school a unique community feel and spirit.

Split over 3 distinct areas, Upper, Middle and Lower School, with a collection of "temporary" class rooms, some of which dated back to the 1960s. The school fields and tennis courts are located outside of the campus at the lower end of the school site and offer considerable area for rugby, football and track sports.

**Upper School**

The newest of the buildings on the site is located here along with 3 temporary classrooms. The main building constructed during the 1960s over two floors, consisted of the old headmaster's office and administration area and housed subjects such business studies and computers as well as the new sixth form common room and toilet block. Temporary class rooms housed music, biology, chemistry and history.

**Middle School**

Built in 1932 the grand Victorian style red brick building stretches practically the width of the entire school site. The school hall and gym sitting to the east of the site. A unique feature of this collection of buildings was ceiling mounted radiators, which often bemused and what would today be called a cavity wall construction. Subjects included Physics, French, English, Math's, Geography and Welsh. The deputy heads office, caretakers office and staff room along with the old mistress room were here.

**Lower School**

The oldest of the schools buildings are both based here. The Crawshay family funded the construction of the larger of the two in 1861 which housed canteen and old sixth form common room, the CDT and Home Economics Departments. A two story stone building housing the woodwork and later art department sits below the school hall and is believed to be the older of the two.

## The End Of Vaynor and Penderyn

There had been a continuous downward trend in its pupils numbers in its latter years and the school had around 256 pupils on roll by mid-2004, only 30 of whom were sixth formers.

In October 2001 Merthyr Tydfil County Borough Council undertook preliminary consultation on its 'Review of Secondary School Provision in Merthyr Tydfil'. This outlined a range of possible proposals in relation to secondary schools and sixth form provision. Two of the options presented included the closure of Vaynor and Penderyn.

Following the end of this preliminary consultation, the Local Authority together with the National Council for Education and Training and other partner bodies decided to establish, with funding from the Learning Challenge Fund, a Project Management Team to further develop and move forward the options outlined in the review. However, pupils numbers at Vaynor and Penderyn continued to decline rapidly, falling from 363 in January 2003 to 284 in January 2004. This prompted the Local Authority to consider bringing forward a proposal to discontinue Vaynor and Penderyn in advance of any more general proposals identified by the Project Management Team.

On 15 January 2004 the Authority issued a consultation document outlining its case for closing the school and, subject to parental preference, transferring its pupils to Pen-Y-Dre High School. The document was sent to a comprehensive list of interested parties and invited comments by 5 March 2004. A notice outlining the proposal was also placed in various newspapers.

Certain consultees were also invited to attend meetings. In the case of staff, governors and parents at Vaynor and Penderyn, meetings were held at the school for each group in turn on 27 January 2004. A meeting with the School Council was held on 28 January. Meetings were also held on 29 January with the staff, governors, parents and the School Council at Pen-y-Dre High School, on 3 February with the parents of Vaynor's three feeder primary schools (Ysgol y Graig, Hirwaun and Penderyn) and on 9 February with the Governing Body of Bishop Hedley High School.

Votes were held at each of the meetings. The thirty-three Vaynor and Penderyn and feeder school parents who attended voted unanimously against the proposal. Six of Vaynor's Governing Body voted in favour of the proposal with two against and three abstentions. Sixteen of the school's staff voted for the proposal, none voted against, and four abstained. The School Council voted three in favour, twenty-two against with one abstention. With the exception of one member of staff all those who were present at the meetings held at Pen y Dre and Bishop Hedley voted in favour of the proposal.

Following the end of consultation on 5 March 2004 and after consideration of responses from consultees, the Authority decided on 7 April to proceed with the proposal to close Vaynor and Penderyn and a notice was published on 16 April 2004.

## InfoBox

| Vaynor and Penderyn High School | |
| --- | --- |
| Address | |
|  | |
| Old Church Street
Merthyr Tydfil, CF48 2RR
Wales | |
| Coordinates | 51°45′37″N 3°24′08″W / 51.76019°N 3.40218°W / 51.76019; -3.40218 |
| Information | |
| Established | 1861 |
| Closed | 2005 |
| Local authority | Merthyr Tydfil |
| Department for Education URN | 401828 Tables |
| Ofsted | Reports |


title: Vasilii (gamer)

abstract: Li Weijun, better known by his online alias Vasilii, is a Chinese video game streamer and former professional League of Legends player. In late 2017, Li was given an 18-month competitive ban by Riot Games for beating his girlfriend during a livestream, an incident which prompted Chinese authorities to investigate and arrest him for domestic violence. Prior to his suspension he was a member of LPL team Newbee, and he was best known outside of China as the former AD carry for LCS team LMQ.

text:
# Vasilii (gamer)

**Li Weijun** (Chinese: 李威俊), better known by his online alias **Vasilii**, is a Chinese video game streamer and former professional *League of Legends* player. In late 2017, Li was given an 18-month competitive ban by Riot Games for beating his girlfriend during a livestream, an incident which prompted Chinese authorities to investigate and arrest him for domestic violence. Prior to his suspension he was a member of LPL team Newbee, and he was best known outside of China as the former AD carry for LCS team LMQ.

## Career

### 2014 season

On 15 December 2013, LMQ left its parent organization Tian Ci and obtained a new sponsor in iBUYPOWER. With the assistance of its new sponsor, LMQ moved to North America to take advantage of the superior esports infrastructure. At this point, Dreams and Wayoff left the team, to be replaced by Royal Club top laner GoDlike, who renamed to ackerman.

While competing in the second Challenger Series, LMQ was also offered an invite to the North American Challenger League (NACL) Season 2 Qualifiers, where they went undefeated and secured a spot in the league. During the league's regular season, LMQ went 18–4 without a losing record against any team. During the March playoffs, LMQ defeated Cloud 9 Tempest 2–1 in the semifinals and moved on to face Team 8 in the tournament's grand finals. LMQ won the final series 3–1 and became NACL champions.

After having secured a spot in the semi-finals of the Challenger Series playoffs due to their tremendous number of points accumulated from both Challenger Series, LMQ went on to defeat Curse Academy in a 2–0 victory sending them to the finals against the tough Cloud 9 Tempest. After an initial loss in the best of five series, LMQ came back winning two in a row to make the series 2–1. Cloud 9 Tempest however, bounced back in game four to tie up the series 2–2. After a very low-kill game game five, Cloud 9 Tempest attempt to make a pick, but instead gets nearly aced and loses the game to LMQ. LMQ left the Challenger Series playoffs with a 5–2 record and went home with the grand prize of $16,000.

In April 2014, LMQ secured a spot for the 2014 NA LCS Summer Split after beating XDG Gaming 3–0 in the 2014 Season Summer Promotion Tournament. In the LCS, LMQ made an immediate impact, opening with a 4–0 week. Despite some relative floundering in the mid-season, LMQ found themselves back on top of the standings entering the last week of play. With a 2–2 week to end the season, LMQ dropped to second beneath Cloud 9. Although the two teams had the same 18–10 record, Cloud 9 held the tiebreaker with a 3–1 season head-to-head record against LMQ. Nevertheless, LMQ entered the NA LCS Summer Playoffs with the second seed and a first round bye.

In playoffs, the team fell to Team SoloMid 2–3 in a close series. They played against Team Curse in the 3rd place match and started off 0–2 but pulled off a reverse sweep and won the series 3–2. This qualified them for the 2014 World Championship where they were placed in Group C with Samsung Galaxy Blue, Fnatic and OMG. Despite a great start in the first day after defeating Fnatic and OMG, LMQ lost their remaining 4 games and was knocked out in groups. In December 2014, LMQ re-branded to Team Impulse with Li leaving the team and moving back to China due to having to take care of his family.

### 2015 season

Li joined Vici Gaming in November 2014 for the 2015 LPL Season. Vici finished the regular season of the spring split in 4th but they stumbled in the playoffs and lost to Invictus Gaming 1–3 in the Quarterfinals. However, Li subbed out halfway through the season with Endless because of his poor performances early in the season. After the Spring Split, Li did not play any other games for Vici, streaming under the organization instead.

## 2017 arrest and aftermath

Li was arrested by police in late 2017 after beating his girlfriend during a livestream. He was subsequently dropped by his team Newbee, and suspended from all Riot-sanctioned tournaments until 1 January 2020.

Following his release, Li announced he would shift his focus to streaming full-time. He streamed on Chinese platform DouYu until 24 January 2018, when DouYu announced it was suspending Vasilii's account and submitting a request to authorities to have him permanently barred from streaming online. Li began streaming on YY on 27 January, but his YY account was suspended two days later.

## Tournament results

* 4th — 2015 Spring LPL season
* 3rd–4th — 2015 Spring LPL playoffs

1. Tan, Yvette (27 October 2017). "Pro 'League of Legends' player fired after accusations of abusing girlfriend during livestream". *Mashable*. Retrieved 13 May 2021.
2. Linder, Alex (27 October 2017). "Chinese pro gamer heard beating girlfriend on livestream after losing League of Legends match". *Shanghaiist*. Retrieved 5 May 2018.
3. Wolf, Jacob (27 October 2017). "Riot suspends Vasilii from pro play". *ESPN*. Retrieved 3 July 2020.
4. Leslie, Callum (22 November 2017). "Vasilii banned until 2020 for "credible threats of physical violence" against his girlfriend". *Dot Esports*. Retrieved 3 July 2020.
5. G|League. "Vasilii provides insight on their match against Team complexity"  via YouTube.
6. Rach Subs. "League of Legends: "Fighting!" – Gogoing & Uzi vs. Dandy & Vasilii"  via YouTube.
7. http://p.t.qq.com/longweibo/index.php?lid=2413605127269594324
8. "Interview with Vici Gaming after VG vs OMG Game (LPL Week 1)". *Just Translating Things*. January 2016.
9. "Chinese LoL Pro Vasilii Beats Girlfriend Whilst Streaming and Gets Arrested". *Dexerto*.
10. "Sina Visitor System". *passport.weibo.com*.
11. "LoL Esports". *www.lolesports.com*.
12. "斗鱼封杀家暴女友主播"死亡宣告"：永久封禁" (in Chinese). 25 January 2018. Retrieved 3 July 2020.
13. "离开斗鱼的死亡宣告再次被YY封杀, 上了直播圈黑名单?". *sports.eastday.com* (in Chinese). Retrieved 3 July 2020.

*As of this edit, this article uses content from* "Vasilii"*, which is licensed in a way that permits reuse under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, but not under the GFDL. All relevant terms must be followed.*

## InfoBox

| Vasilii | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Name | 李威俊<br>(*Li Weijun*) |
| Born | 1993 or 1994 (age 29–30) |
| Nationality | Chinese |
| Career information | |
| Games | *League of Legends* |
| Playing career | 2012–2017 |
| Team history | |
| 2012 | EHOME |
| 2012–2013 | Royal Club |
| 2013–2014 | LMQ |
| 2014–2016 | Vici Gaming |
| 2016–2017 | IN Gaming |
| 2017 | Newbee |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Chinese name | |
| Chinese |  |
| Transcriptions  Standard Mandarin  Hanyu Pinyin Lǐ Wēijùn | |
| Chinese alias | |
| Chinese | 死亡宣告 |
| Literal meaning | declaration of death |
| Transcriptions  Standard Mandarin  Hanyu Pinyin sǐwáng xuāngào | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Vasa Pomorišac

abstract: Vasa Pomorišac was a Serbian artist and professor at the Academy of Applied Arts in Belgrade. He worked as a painter, stained glass window maker, etcher, printmaker and he was also an art critic. He is considered an expressionist painter in the same category as his contemporaries Mihajlo Petrov, Ivan Radović, Petar Dobrović, and Jovan Bijelić.

text:
# Vasa Pomorišac

**Vasa Pomorišac** (15 December 1893 — 9 September 1961) was a Serbian artist and professor at the Academy of Applied Arts in Belgrade. He worked as a painter, stained glass window maker, etcher, printmaker and he was also an art critic. He is considered an expressionist painter in the same category as his contemporaries Mihajlo Petrov, Ivan Radović, Petar Dobrović, and Jovan Bijelić.

## Biography

Pomorišac was born in the Serbian town of Modoš (now Jaša Tomić) in what was then part of the Austrian Empire. He first studied painting with Stevan Aleksić until 1913, when he went to the Academy of Fine Arts in Munich, where he was briefly a student of Gabriel von Hackl, Franz von Stuck and Angelo Jank. At Munich, he met fellow student Živorad Nastasijević (1893-1966), who became a close friend. His studies were interrupted by a period of national service between 1914 and 1918, when he served in the Austrian Army at the Russian front and after surrendering to the Russians, he joined the First Serbian Volunteer Division which participated with the Russians and Romanians against the Central Powers in the Battle of Dobruja, where he was wounded. Pomorišac was taken to a Moscow hospital where he soon recovered and spent the next year convalescing and at the same time familiarizing himself with the art treasures of the city and the works of great Russian painters. As a non-combatant, he was transferred from Imperial Russia to Greece, where he received the status of a "war painter" at the Photographic section (*Fotografska sekcija*) of the Serbian Supreme Command (*Vrhovna komanda*) in Salonika and worked in the Thessaloniki Atelier.

After the war, on his return to Belgrade in 1919 he visits a Munich alumnus Ljubo Babić in Zagreb and enrolls in life-drawing classes given by Beta Vukanović at the Arts and Crafts School in Belgrade. After graduation, with his friend Ljubomir Ivanović he visits Serbian monasteries and copies frescoes and murals in Serbian villages in Hungary and Romanian Banat.

He then went to London where he attended classes at Saint Martin's School of Art and the Royal College of Art while learning the craft of stained glass painting. He trained in London from 1920 to 1924 where he specialized in drawing and architecture at Saint Martin's (1921-1922) and took extra courses in stained glass painting at London's Central School of Art and Design (1922-1924), becoming the first known Serbian artist to work in that medium. There he spent time visiting museums, galleries and castles studying all kinds of aspects of arts and architecture but found England still under the influence of John Ruskin. He attended lectures by artist Percy J. Delf Smith, sculptor George Frampton, and architect William Lethaby whose visions followed the modern European trends, including his own.

He returned to Belgrade in 1924. Since he was out of work, he accepted a commission from the Roman Catholic Church community in Jaša Tomić to paint an altar icon in the Catholic Church, then being restored in the neo-Gothic style. At the School of Arts and Crafts, he replaced Beta Vukanović as a teaching master from 1930 to 1931. In Belgrade, Pomorišac's stained glass work gave the Cvijeta Zuzorić Art Pavilion "a trendy Art Deco look".

Paris was his home from 1935 to 1939. Since 1942 he was a professor at the Academy of Fine Arts in Belgarde and since 1950 at the Academy of Applied Arts in Belgrade.

He was a member of the Association of Warrior Painters and Sculptors of the 1912-1918 Wars, Lada, among the founders of *Zograf* (Painters) and the Association of Qualified Fine Artists in Belgrade. In 1944 he became a member of the Association of Fine Artists of Serbia (ULUS). In addition to engaging in the original painting, he often copied frescoes from our medieval churches and monasteries, which he exhibited in London and Paris, and gave three copies of frescoes from Manasija monastery to the Maritime Office at the Victoria and Albert Museum in London.

## Art career

Vasa Pomorišac believed that art was an organic part of society. It must be grounded in traditional creativity and such as to oppose modernism that is foreign to our cultural mentality. The *Zograf* (Painters) group was formed around this ideology and contained artists of the same or similar orientation - painters Stanislav Beložanski, Živorad Nastasijević, Zdravko Sekulić, Josin Car, Ilija Kolarović, Svetolik Lukić, Radmila Milojković, Zdravko Sekulić and architects Bogdan Nestorović and Branislav Kojić. Modernist criticism saw them as a national anachronism and therefore inappropriate to the new age. Pomorišac especially emphasized his attachment to the past, Serbian and Byzantine, which he knew well and brought into his painting spiritually. He often copied murals from our medieval churches and monasteries that he exhibited in London and Paris. He was a very popular portrait painter and often expressed himself in that genre. Basically, his stylistic development ranged from moderate constructivism, through neo-classicism to cool, monochrome colorism. It is a very special and distinguished phenomenon in Serbian painting between the two world wars.

Pomorišac is Serbia's first painter to paint on glass. Of his many works of this kind, which he produced before Belgrade became a victim of Axis and Allied bombing in World War II, only pieces that remained are the stained glass in the Old Palace and the Metropol Hotel.

He is the author of a banknote, issued by the National Bank of Yugoslavia, of 100 dinars, dated July 15, 1934, and of 1,000 dinars, dated September 6, 1935, which was not put into circulation. Both notes feature compositions inspired by national history. He is also the author of 1,000 dinars banknote, man and woman in national costume, with many details and symbols, but of a dark color, bearing the date of May 1, 1942, published by the Serbian National Bank, during the period of Nazi occupation.

## Solo exhibitions

* 1926 Men's gymnasium hall, Novi Sad
* 1927 Art Friends' Salon, Cvijeta Zuzorić Pavilion, Belgrade
* 1937 *Galerie Le Niveau*, Paris
* 1939 *Galerie Contemporaine*, Paris
* 1953 Art Pavilion, (retrospective exhibition), Belgrade
* 1954 City Museum, Zrenjanin, Higher Mixed High School, Šabac
* 1956 Novi Sad
* 1959 High School, Svetozarevo, Art Pavilion, Podgorica
* 1960 Hall of the Peoples Committee, Uzice
* 1970 - 1971 Gallery of the Cultural Center (retrospective exhibition), Belgrade
* 1981 Small art salon, Novi Sad
* 1982 National Museum, Belgrade
* 1983 Gallery of the Center for Culture "Olga Petrov", Pančevo
* 1987 Museum of Contemporary Art, Belgrade (retrospective exhibition)

## Art criticism

* 1927 Painter Stevan Aleksić, Raška, vol. I, no. 56, Belgrade
* 1927 Živorad Nastasijević's Art Exhibition, Literary Criticism, December 2, no. 1. p. 4-5, Belgrade
* 1928 Stjepan Baković Exhibition, Literary Criticism, January 2, no. 2-3. p. 5, Belgrade
* 1928 Ljubomir Ivanović Exhibition, "Lade", Life and Work, April, vol. And, Vol. 3. p. 324-236, Belgrade
* 1928 Ivan Radović, Life and Work, April, vol. And, Vol. 4. p. 313-314, Belgrade
* 1928 The Crisis of our Fine Arts, Matica Srpska Yearbook, May, vol. CII, Vol. 316, Vol. 2. p. 259-263, Novi Sad
* 1928 Exhibition of Sculptures in Engraving by Risto Stijović, Life and Work, June, vol. And, Vol. 6. p. 478-479, Belgrade
* 1928 Our Glory Uroš Predić, *Banatski glasnik*, vol. II, no. 6-8, Zrenjanin
* 1929 About Our Medieval Art, Radio Belgrade, May, Belgrade
* 1929 Our Art Events - After the Autumn Exhibition at the Cvijeta Zuzorić Salon, Social Renewal, September 17, Vol. I, no. 2, s, 11-12, Belgrade
* 1930 Two significant exhibitions, Social Renewal, February 2, vol. II, no. 5. p. 12-13, Belgrade
* 1930 II Spring Exhibition of Yugoslav Artists at the Art Pavilion, Belgrade Municipal Gazette, June 25, vol. XLVIII, iss. 13. p. 666-670, Belgrade
* 1930 Great Russian Exhibition, Social Renewal, February, no. 13. p. 12-13, Belgrade
* 1933 How to Look at a Work of Art, Kolarac National University, February, Belgrade
* 1953 Mosaic, Mosaic, September–October, vol. I, no. 1, Belgrade

## Bibliography

* 1925 Mihailo S. Petrov, Painter Pomorišac, Vreme, October 8, Belgrade
* 1926 Rade Drainac, Pomorišac, Vidovdan, 6 January, Belgrade
* 1926 Todor Manojlović, Exhibition of paintings by Vasa Pomorisc, Matica Srpska Yearbook, March, Vol. 307, Vol. 3. p. 291-298, Belgrade
* 1927 Milan Kašanin, Exhibitions in April, Serbian Literary Gazette, May 1, Vol. XXI, iss. 1. p. 61-64, Belgrade
* 1927 Sreten Stojanović, Exhibition of Works by Vas Pomorišc, Misao, Belgrade, 1-16. May, Vol. XXIV, Vol. 1-2. p. 104-106, Belgrade
* 1929 Branko Popović, Autumn Exhibition of Belgrade Artists, Serbian Literary Gazette, 16 February, Vol. XXVI, No. 4. p. 298-305, Belgrade
* 1931 Rastko Petrović (N. J.), Spring Exhibition of Yugoslav Artists - Painting, Politics, May 11, Belgrade
* 1933 Dragan Aleksić, Exhibition of the Art Group "Zograf", Vreme, March 21, Belgrade
* 1933 Rastko Petrović (N. J.), Zograf Artists at the Art Pavilion, Politika, March 22, Belgrade
* 1933 Todor Manojlović, Zograf Exhibition, Serbian Literary Gazette, April 1, Vol. XXXVIII, No. 7. p. 548-549, Belgrade
* 1934 Dragan Aleksić, Sixth Spring Exhibition of Painters and Sculptors, Time, May 25, Belgrade
* 1935 Rastko Petrović (N. J.), Seventh Spring Exhibition, Politika, May 23, Belgrade
* 1953 Aleksa Čelebonović, Painting of Your Maritime, Borba, November 15, Belgrade
* 1953 Miodrag B. Protić, Exhibition of Your Maritime Office, NIN, November 22, Belgrade
* 1956 Lazar Trifunovic, Constructivism in Serbian Modern Painting, Delo, June, no. 6. p. 727-734, Belgrade
* 1958 Pavle Vasić, Art Groups in Serbia, Art, vol. II, no. 10. p. 10, Zagreb
* 1964 Miodrag B. Protić, Vasa Pomorišac, Contemporaries II. p. 79-85, Nolit, Belgrade
* 1968 Ješa Denegri, Forms of non-figuration in contemporary painting in Serbia, Life of Art, no. 7-8. p. 17-35, Zagreb
* 1968 Pavle Vasić, Constructive Painting, Politics, January 26, Belgrade
* 1969 Lazar Trifunović, Old and New Art. The Idea of the Past in Modern Art, Zograf, The Fresco Gallery, no. 3. p. 39-52, Belgrade
* 1970 Miodrag B. Protić, Vasa Pomorišac, Serbian Painting of the HH Century. p. 130-133, Nolit, Belgrade
* 1970 Vasilije B. Sujić, (cat. Retrospective exhibitions), Gallery of the Cultural Center, Belgrade
* 1970 Pavle Vasić, The Unknown Vasa Pomorisac, Politika, December 28, Belgrade
* 1973 Miodrag B. Protić, Yugoslav Painting 1900-1950, BIGZ, Belgrade
* 1973 Lazar Trifunović, Serbian Painting 1900-1950, Nolit, Belgrade
* 1982 Nikola Kusovac, Vasa Pomorišac, (cat. Cat.), National Museum, Belgrade
* 1982 Lazar Trifunović, Abstract Painting in Serbia. From Impressionism to Enformel, Nolit. p. 33-41, Belgrade
* 1982 Jovan Despotović, On the Road to the Top. Vasa Pomorišac's Early Works, Politika Express, August 8, Belgrade
* 1986 - 1987 Ljiljana Slijepčević, Vasa Pomorišac 1893-1961, (cat. Retrospective exhibitions, Museum of Contemporary Art, Belgrade


title: Velimir Vukićević

abstract: Velimir Vukićević was a Serbian Yugoslav politician. He served as Prime Minister of Yugoslavia from 17 April 1927 until 28 July 1928. After the parliamentary election on 11 September 1927 he was re-elected. Velimir Vukićević was a middle school teacher by profession. Elected to Serbian National Assembly. He was a minister in several of the governments of Nikola Pašić but as one of the chief "Palace Radicals" his role was help Alexander, the king, to clip Pašić's wings. His term was marked by an exceptional lack of ethnic tension in Croatia but as the cause was the political alliance of the leading Croat politician Stjepan Radić and the leading Croatian Serb politician Svetozar Pribićević in a united opposition to the government, this was a very unwelcome development for the government. Vukićević put pressure on papers dependent on government subsidy to launch a violent campaign against the opposition. Vukicevic resigned shortly after violence among members of Parliament in which three Croatian members of Parliament were killed.

text:
# Velimir Vukićević

**Velimir Vukićević** (11 July 1871 – 27 November 1930) was a Serbian Yugoslav politician. He served as Prime Minister of Yugoslavia from 17 April 1927 until 28 July 1928. After the parliamentary election on 11 September 1927 he was re-elected.

Velimir Vukićević was a middle school teacher by profession. Elected to Serbian National Assembly. He was a minister in several of the governments of Nikola Pašić but as one of the chief "Palace Radicals" his role was help Alexander, the king, to clip Pašić's wings.

His term was marked by an exceptional lack of ethnic tension in Croatia but as the cause was the political alliance of the leading Croat politician Stjepan Radić and the leading Croatian Serb politician Svetozar Pribićević in a united opposition to the government, this was a very unwelcome development for the government. Vukićević put pressure on papers dependent on government subsidy to launch a violent campaign against the opposition. Vukicevic resigned shortly after violence among members of Parliament in which three Croatian members of Parliament were killed.

## InfoBox

| Velimir Vukićević | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| 6th Prime Minister of Yugoslavia | |
| **In office**
17 April 1927  28 July 1928 | |
| Monarch | Alexander I |
| Preceded by | Nikola Uzunović |
| Succeeded by | Anton Korošec |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 11 July 1871
Oparić, Principality of Serbia |
| Died | 27 November 1930 (1930-11-28) (aged 59)
Belgrade, Kingdom of Yugoslavia |
| Citizenship | Yugoslav |
| Political party | People's Radical Party |
|  | |


title: Ivan Tomašević (soldier)

abstract: Ivan Tomašević was a Croatian general who served as a captain in the Austrian-Hungarian Army and as colonel in the Royal Yugoslav Army. After the establishment of the Independent State of Croatia, Tomašević joined the Croatian Home Guard.

text:
# Ivan Tomašević (soldier)

**Ivan Tomašević** (3 September 1892 – 19 September 1945) was a Croatian general who served as a captain in the Austrian-Hungarian Army and as colonel in the Royal Yugoslav Army. After the establishment of the Independent State of Croatia, Tomašević joined the Croatian Home Guard.

## Military career

In the Croatian Home Guard, he was at first, from October 1941 until November 1942, a commander of the 2nd Infantry Division. In November 1942 he was named commander of the Lika Littoral Sector. At the end of 1943 he was named ground liaison officer with the German XV Army Corps. At the beginning of 1944 he was promoted to general, and between May and August 1944 he was once again a commander of the Lika Littoral Sector. Tomašević was also a commissionaire of the GRAVSIGUR, the Croatian security police, for districts of Modruš, Vinodol-Podgorje, Lika-Gacka, Krbava-Psat, Bribir and Sana-Luka.

During the Lorković-Vokić plot, Tomašević offered his help to the Allies if they invade the Dalmatian coast in August 1944. The plot failed and its main leaders were arrested.

In December 1944, Tomašević was named commander of the Bihać Division. At the end of the war, in May 1945 he retreated to Austria along with rest of the Croatian Armed Forces. However, in the same month he was extradited to the Yugoslav Partisans back to SFR Yugoslavia. He was tried in front of the Military Council of the Court Martial in Belgrade and sentenced to death on 19 September 1945.

Tomašević is also remembered for his career during World War I, as he was a commander of a company in which Josip Broz Tito, the future authoritarian President of Yugoslavia, served as a sergeant.

Citations Bibliography

## InfoBox

| Ivan Tomašević | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1892-09-03)3 September 1892
Zagreb, Croatia-Slavonia, Austria-Hungary |
| Died | 13 September 1945(1945-09-13) (aged 53)
Belgrade, Serbia, SFR Yugoslavia |
| Allegiance | Austria-Hungary (until 1918) Yugoslavia (1918–1941) Croatia (1941–1945) |
| Service/branch | Austro-Hungarian Army (until 1918)Royal Yugoslav Army (1918–1941)Croatian Home Guard (1941–1945) |
| Rank | General |
| Unit | 25th Croatian Regiment |
| Commands | 2 Infantry Division 10 Infantry Division |
| Battles/wars |  |


title: Velo Sound Station

abstract: Velo Sound Station is a Pakistani television programme and music show which features live studio-recorded music performances by veteran and emerging artists. The show is directed by Bilal Maqsood and Yasir Jaswal, former is also the executive producer of the show. The first episode of Velo Sound Station aired on 20 November 2020.

text:
# Velo Sound Station

***Velo Sound Station*** is a Pakistani television programme and music show which features live studio-recorded music performances by veteran and emerging artists. The show is directed by Bilal Maqsood and Yasir Jaswal, former is also the executive producer of the show. The first episode of Velo Sound Station aired on 20 November 2020.

## Artists

## Episodes season 1

| # | Release Date | Song(s) | Artist(s) | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Title | | |
| Episode 1 | | | | |
| 1 | 20 November 2020 | Gagar | Umair Jaswal |  |
| | 2 | Baby Baby | | Natasha Noorani |
| | 3 | Kadi Te Has Bol | | Atif Aslam |
| Episode 2 | | | | |
| 4 | 27 November 2020 | Te Quiero Mucho | Aima Baig |  |
| | 5 | Confetti | | Shamoon Ismail |
| | 6 | Pyaar Ka Rog | | Strings |
| Episode 3 | | | | |
| 7 | 4 December 2020 | Mere Dil Ne | Uzair Jaswal & Sara Haider |  |
| | 8 | Tu Aaja | Abdullah Qureshi |  |
| | 9 | Boom Boom | Meesha Shafi |  |
| Episode 4 | | | | |
| 10 | 11 December 2020 | Dhuaan | Sajjad Ali |  |
| | 11 | Sun Zara | Aag |  |
| | 12 | Bijli | Aima Baig |  |
| Episode 5 | | | | |
| 13 | 18 December 2020 | Phantom | Takatak, Nighat Chaodhry & Team |  |
| | 14 | Amrit | Meesha Shafi |  |

## Episodes season 2

| # | Release Date | Song(s) | Artist(s) | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Title | | |
| Episode 1 | | | | |
| 1 | 19 Jan 2023 | Sona Chandi | Asim Azhar |  |
| 2 | 22 Feb 2023 | Chahay Jis Shehr | Asim Azhar & Sara Haider |  |
| 3 | 14 May 2023 | Nakhray | Umair Jaswal, Mahira Khan & Ahsan Pervaiz |  |
| Episode 2 | | | | |
| 4 | 22 May 2023 | Chamkeela | Natasha Noorani |  |
| 5 | 26 May 2023 | Mangan Aiyaan | Atif Aslam |  |
| 6 | 27 May 2023 | Deja Vu | Bilal Saeed, Talhah Yunus & Ziggy |  |
| Episode 3 | | | | |
| 7 | 31 May 2023 | Spicy | Maanu & Rozeo |  |
| 8 | 3 June 2023 | Teray Naal | HYDR |  |
| 9 | 7 June 2023 | Pardesi | Shamoon Ismail |  |
| Episode 4 | | | | |
| 10 | 10 June 2023 | Duur | Young Stunners |  |
| 11 | 14 June 2023 | Saranjaam | Meesha Shafi |  |
| 12 | 17 June 2023 | Marjaniey | Asim Azhar |  |
| Episode 5 | | | | |
| 13 | 21 June 2023 | Jalna | Atif Aslam & Rozeo |  |
| 14 | 24 June 2023 | Satrangi | Aima Baig |  |
| 15 | 5 July 2023 | Ja Oye | Zoha Zuberi & Rozeo |  |

1. Munnazzah Raza (1 December 2020). "Is Velo Sound Station delivering on its promise of fresh pop music? The answer is yes". *Dawn*. Retrieved 1 December 2020.

## InfoBox

| *Velo Sound Station* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Bilal Maqsood & Yasir Jaswal |
| Country of origin | Pakistan |
| No. of seasons | 2 |
| No. of episodes | 10 (5 each season) |
| Production | |
| Executive producer | Bilal Maqsood |
| Production locations | Shamsi Film Studio, Karachi |
| Camera setup | Multi-camera |
| Original release | |
| Network | Webcast |
| Release | 20 November 2020 (2020-11-20) <br>present |


title: Velo d'Astico

abstract: Velo d'Astico is a town in the province of Vicenza, Veneto, Italy. It is west of SP350 provincial road.

text:
# Velo d'Astico

**Velo d'Astico** is a town in the province of Vicenza, Veneto, Italy. It is west of SP350 provincial road.

## Sources

## InfoBox

| Velo d'Astico | |
| --- | --- |
| *Comune* | |
| Comune di Velo d'Astico | |
|  | |
| Location of Velo d'Astico | |
| Velo d'AsticoLocation of Velo d'Astico in ItalyVelo d'AsticoVelo d'Astico (Veneto) | |
| Coordinates: 45°47′N 11°22′E / 45.783°N 11.367°E / 45.783; 11.367 | |
| Country | Italy |
| Region | Veneto |
| Province | Vicenza (VI) |
| *Frazioni* | Lago, Meda, Seghe |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Giordano Rossi |
| Area | |
| Total | 21.9 km2 (8.5 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 346 m (1,135 ft) |
| Population (31 December 2015) | |
| Total | 2,403 |
| Density | 110/km2 (280/sq mi) |
| Demonym | Velesi |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 36010 |
| Dialing code | 0445 |
| Website | Official website |


title: Vennur

abstract: Vennur is a village in Pazhayannur Gram Panchayat Thrissur district in the state of Kerala, India.

text:
# Vennur

**Vennur**  is a village in Pazhayannur Gram Panchayat Thrissur district in the state of Kerala, India.

## InfoBox

| Vennur | |
| --- | --- |
| village | |
| VennurLocation in Kerala, IndiaVennurVennur (India) | |
| Coordinates: 10°38′0″N 76°24′0″E / 10.63333°N 76.40000°E / 10.63333; 76.40000 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Kerala |
| District | Thrissur |
| Talukas | Talappilly |
| Languages | |
| Official | Malayalam, English |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 6XXXXX |
| Vehicle registration | KL- |
| Nearest city | Thrissur |


title: Venustoma lacunosa

abstract: Venustoma lacunosa is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae.

text:
# Venustoma lacunosa

***Venustoma lacunosa*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae.

## Description

The length of the shell varies between 5 mm and 8 mm.

The small shell has an broadly, ovate shape. The six whorls are ornamented by well developed, sigmoid axial ribs and almost equally strong spiral cords, the junction of which produce rounded tubercles The whorls of the blunt spire show a roundly sloping shoulder. The pear-shaped aperture measures half the total length and has a weak sinus at the shoulder of the outer lip. The incrassate outer lip has a smooth interior. The stout columella is slightly bent.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off Hong Kong and the Philippines

* R.I. Johnson, The Recent Mollusca of Augustus Addison Gould; United States National Museum, bulletin 239, Washington D.C. 1964
* Tucker, J.K. (2004). "Catalog of recent and fossil turrids (Mollusca: Gastropoda)" (PDF). *Zootaxa*. **682**: 1–1295.
* Worldwide Mollusc Species Data Base : *Venustoma lacunosa*

## InfoBox

| *Venustoma lacunosa* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Original image of a shell of *Venustoma lacunosa* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Superfamily: | Conoidea |
| Family: | Mangeliidae |
| Genus: | *Venustoma* |
| Species: | ***V. lacunosa*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Venustoma lacunosa***<br>(Gould, 1860) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Clathurella lacunosa* Gould, 1860 (original combination) | |


title: Vega (crater)

abstract: Vega is an eroded lunar impact crater that is located in the southeastern part of the Moon. It lies on the near side and so can be viewed from the Earth. Less than one crater diameter to the east-southeast is the slightly smaller Peirescius. About one and a half crater diameters to the west is the long Vallis Rheita. This crater has been worn and eroded by a history of impacts. Vega B overlies the southern part of the southern floor and inner wall. The east-northeastern section of the rim is overlain by a merged pair of small craters. A cluster of small craters lies along the northwestern rim. The remainder of the outer rim is round-shouldered and marked by many tiny impacts. The southern part interior floor is partly overlaid by the outer rampart of Vega B. The remainder of the floor is relatively featureless except for a few tiny craters. This feature is named after the Slovenian mathematician Jurij Vega.

text:
# Vega (crater)

**Vega** is an eroded lunar impact crater that is located in the southeastern part of the Moon. It lies on the near side and so can be viewed from the Earth. Less than one crater diameter to the east-southeast is the slightly smaller Peirescius. About one and a half crater diameters to the west is the long Vallis Rheita.

This crater has been worn and eroded by a history of impacts. Vega B overlies the southern part of the southern floor and inner wall. The east-northeastern section of the rim is overlain by a merged pair of small craters. A cluster of small craters lies along the northwestern rim. The remainder of the outer rim is round-shouldered and marked by many tiny impacts. The southern part interior floor is partly overlaid by the outer rampart of Vega B. The remainder of the floor is relatively featureless except for a few tiny craters.

This feature is named after the Slovenian mathematician Jurij Vega (Georg Freiherr von Vega in German).

## Satellite craters

By convention these features are identified on lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Vega.

| Vega | Latitude | Longitude | Diameter |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| A | 47.2° S | 65.3° E | 12 km |
| B | 46.2° S | 63.5° E | 30 km |
| C | 45.2° S | 64.8° E | 21 km |
| D | 44.7° S | 64.3° E | 25 km |
| G | 44.4° S | 62.4° E | 11 km |
| H | 44.5° S | 60.1° E | 6 km |
| J | 45.6° S | 59.9° E | 19 km |

The estimated age of the crater is 69–70 million years old

* Andersson, L. E.; Whitaker, E. A. (1982). *NASA Catalogue of Lunar Nomenclature*. NASA RP-1097.
* Blue, Jennifer (July 25, 2007). "Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature". USGS. Retrieved 2007-08-05.
* Bussey, B.; Spudis, P. (2004). *The Clementine Atlas of the Moon*. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-81528-4.
* Cocks, Elijah E.; Cocks, Josiah C. (1995). *Who's Who on the Moon: A Biographical Dictionary of Lunar Nomenclature*. Tudor Publishers. ISBN 978-0-936389-27-1.
* McDowell, Jonathan (July 15, 2007). "Lunar Nomenclature". Jonathan's Space Report. Retrieved 2007-10-24.
* Menzel, D. H.; Minnaert, M.; Levin, B.; Dollfus, A.; Bell, B. (1971). "Report on Lunar Nomenclature by the Working Group of Commission 17 of the IAU". *Space Science Reviews*. **12** (2): 136–186. Bibcode:1971SSRv...12..136M. doi:10.1007/BF00171763. S2CID 122125855.
* Moore, Patrick (2001). *On the Moon*. Sterling Publishing Co. ISBN 978-0-304-35469-6.
* Price, Fred W. (1988). *The Moon Observer's Handbook*. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-33500-3.
* Rükl, Antonín (1990). *Atlas of the Moon*. Kalmbach Books. ISBN 978-0-913135-17-4.
* Webb, Rev. T. W. (1962). *Celestial Objects for Common Telescopes* (6th revised ed.). Dover. ISBN 978-0-486-20917-3.
* Whitaker, Ewen A. (1999). *Mapping and Naming the Moon*. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-62248-6.
* Wlasuk, Peter T. (2000). *Observing the Moon*. Springer. ISBN 978-1-85233-193-1.

## InfoBox

Vega
| Lunar Orbiter 4 image | |
| --- | --- |
| Coordinates | 45°24′S 63°24′E / 45.4°S 63.4°E / -45.4; 63.4 |
| Diameter | 76 km |
| Depth | 2.9 km |
| Colongitude | 298° at sunrise |
| Eponym | Georg F. Von Vega |


title: Vega4

abstract: Vega4 was a four-piece alternative rock band formed in London consisted of Johnny McDaid, Bruce Gainsford (guitar), Gavin Fox (bassist) and Bryan McLellan (drummer). McDaid is from Northern Ireland and Fox is from Republic of Ireland, McLellan is from Canada and Gainsford is from New Zealand. Vega4 was signed to Columbia Records in the UK, Epic Records in the US, and produced two albums, You and Others produced by Jacknife Lee and "Satellites" produced by John Cornfield and Ron Aniello. The band disbanded in 2008.

text:
# Vega4

**Vega4** was a four-piece alternative rock band formed in London consisted of Johnny McDaid (lead vocalist and songwriter), Bruce Gainsford (guitar), Gavin Fox (bassist) and Bryan McLellan (drummer).

McDaid is from Northern Ireland and Fox is from Republic of Ireland, McLellan is from Canada and Gainsford is from New Zealand. Vega4 was signed to Columbia Records in the UK, Epic Records in the US, and produced two albums, *You and Others* produced by Jacknife Lee and "Satellites" produced by John Cornfield and Ron Aniello.

The band disbanded in 2008.

## History

McDaid and Walker formed Vega4 in 1999, adding Gainsford and McLellan through mutual friends. The band signed with indie label Taste Media in 2000, setting up distribution deals with Capitol Records in the U.S. and Festival Mushroom in Australia for their 2001 debut EP, *Caterpillar*, and the follow-up album, *Satellites*. Despite heavy touring and promotion, the album was not a success, and Vega4 went into a period of dormancy while extricating themselves from their various contracts.

Vega 4 was also featured on Paul Van Dyk's song "Time of Our Lives/Connected" in 2003.

In 2006, Walker left Vega 4 while former Idlewild bassist Gavin Fox joined. Vega4 signed with Columbia Records in the U.K. and Epic Records in the U.S., which promoted the single "You and Me" somewhat disingenuously as the band's debut. The following single, "Life Is Beautiful," gained exposure through its use in episodes of the TV series *Grey's Anatomy* and *One Tree Hill*. It is also included in the 2010 film *Streetdance*, and previously in 2008's comedy film, *Sex Drive*. The band received much media attention in the US, with major radio support for "Life Is Beautiful" and the rumours of Gainsford's on-again, off-again romance with Scarlett Johansson.

Vega4's second album, *You and Others*, was released in late 2006 in the U.K. and mid 2007 in the U.S. Vega4's song "You and Me" was used by RTÉ 2FM to launch the station's new look and lineup. The band completed its first US tour in April 2007 in San Diego, California. Vega4 had been touring with Augustana for the previous several weeks. The band played at the 2007 SXSW festival.

## Discography

### Albums

### EPs

* *Caterpillar* (demo, 2000)
* *Better Life* (2001)
* *Drifting Away Violently* (2002)

### Singles

* "Sing" (2001)
* "Radio Song" (2001)
* "Love Breaks Down" (2002)
* "Drifting Away Violently" (2002)
* "Better Life" (2002)
* "Time of Our Lives", with Paul van Dyk (2003)
* "You & Me" (2006)
* "Traffic Jam" (2006)
* "Life Is Beautiful" (2006)

## InfoBox

| Vega4 | |
| --- | --- |
| Origin | London, England |
| Genres | Rock, alternative rock, Britpop |
| Years active | 1999–2008 |
| Labels | Sony, Universal, Taste |
|  | |
| Past members |  |


title: Vegas Games 2000

abstract: Vegas Games 2000, known as Vegas Games: Midnight Madness, Midnight in Vegas in Europe and Vegas Games on Game Boy Color, is a gambling simulation video game. It was released on Microsoft Windows in 1998, then released in 2000 on PlayStation and Game Boy Color. New World Computing, who developed the original PC version, had previously developed Vegas Games and More Vegas Games for Windows in the early 1990s.

text:
# Vegas Games 2000

***Vegas Games 2000***, known as ***Vegas Games: Midnight Madness***, ***Midnight in Vegas*** in Europe and ***Vegas Games*** on Game Boy Color, is a gambling simulation video game. It was released on Microsoft Windows in 1998, then released in 2000 on PlayStation and Game Boy Color. New World Computing, who developed the original PC version, had previously developed *Vegas Games* and *More Vegas Games* for Windows in the early 1990s.

## Gameplay

### Microsoft Windows

*Vegas Games 2000* is a collection of twenty-five casino games and variations, including baccarat; money wheel; blackjack, including variations with one, two, four and six decks; craps; keno; poker, including 5 card draw, 5 card stud, 7 card stud, Texas hold'em and jacks or better; roulette; slot machines, including five themes; video keno; and video poker, including five variations. Each player starts off with an initial $5000, and statistics are kept showing how well the player performs on each game.

The game includes a multiplayer mode wherein up to seven players could compete in table games through MPlayer. It was rereleased in 2000 under the name *Vegas Games: Midnight Madness* and split into two versions: *Slots & Videos* and *Table Games*.

### PlayStation

The PlayStation version features seven games with a total of 21 variations between them, including blackjack, craps, poker, video poker, roulette, baccarat and slots. It has a multiplayer mode which allows up to four players.

### Game Boy Color

The Game Boy Color version features eight games with over 20 variations between them, including keno, money wheel, baccarat, slots, video poker, craps, roulette and blackjack. The multiplayer allows for up to four players, utilized by handing the system off for each player's turn.

## Reception

*IGN*, reviewing the PC and PlayStation version of the game, gave it a 4/10 and called "some of the graphic decisions \[...\] a little perplexing" and the game a "disappointment" musically. They praised the roulette game but criticized the poker AI, stating: "it would have been nice to have a more challenging group of opponents." They called the game's "multitude of options \[...\] thoroughly confusing", citing a lack of a tutorial. *PlayStation Magazine* criticized the game for a lack of innovation and poor sound but praised the graphics as "sharp and clear" and the controls as "easy to understand and use". They gave it a final score of 2.5 out of 5, calling it "almost too squeaky clean" to emulate the feel of a real casino, instead recommending the game for "gamers under 18 or people who realize the inherent pitfalls of gambling for real money". *Official U.S. PlayStation Magazine* called the AI "timid" but called the interface "intuitive" and the style "simple" and "unpretentious", calling its approach "no-frills" and giving it a 3.5 out of 5.

Spanish gaming magazine *SuperJuegos* gave *Midnight in Vegas* an 83/100, stating the sound could be improved but that the game, "sufficiently fulfills the expectations that gambling game lovers may have." French gaming magazine *Consoles Plus* gave the PlayStation version of the game a 65%, criticizing the graphics. French gaming website *Jeuxvideo* gave the PlayStation version an 8/20, calling the interface "overwhelmingly ugly" and the graphics "sloppy" but praising replayability. UK PlayStation magazine *Extreme* gave it a 23%, calling it "basically \[...\] a complete waste of money" and criticizing it for "bad graphics", "minimal sound", and "zero presentation". *Eurogamer* called *Midnight Madness* "tripe", describing it as a "painstakingly accurate recreation" of the gambling games "with a nice GUI tacked on top" and criticizing it as "lacking imagination and fun". They compared it to shareware and gave it a 4/10.

### Game Boy Color version

German magazine *Video Games* gave the Game Boy Color version a 4/10, citing a lack of fun or "sense of achievement". *IGN* called it "not even close" to a fun game and gave it a 3/10, citing a password save mechanic that only saves money and not statistics, a "clunky interface", a "confusing" multiplayer system, and the game giving you "no sense of victory" when you win. *Nintendo Power* gave it a 7.3/10, with the game's sound being its lowest-rated aspect. *Nintendo Official Magazine* gave it a score of 80%, saying "the games have enough to keep you coming back again and again".

## InfoBox

| Vegas Games 2000 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Developer(s) | New World Computing, Inc. (Windows)
The 3DO Company (PlayStation)
Digital Eclipse Software, Inc. (GBC) |
| Publisher(s) | The 3DO Company |
| Platform(s) | Microsoft Windows
PlayStation
Game Boy Color |
| Release | October 7, 1999 (PS) |
| Genre(s) | Gambling simulation |
| Mode(s) | Single-player
Multiplayer |


title: Verbal reasoning

abstract: Verbal reasoning is understanding and reasoning using concepts framed in words. It aims at evaluating ability to think constructively, rather than at simple fluency or vocabulary recognition.

text:
# Verbal reasoning

**Verbal reasoning** is understanding and reasoning using concepts framed in words. It aims at evaluating ability to think constructively, rather than at simple fluency or vocabulary recognition.

## Verbal reasoning tests

Verbal reasoning tests of intelligence provide an assessment of an individual's ability to think, reason and solve problems in different ways. For this reason, verbal reasoning tests are often used as entrance examinations by schools, colleges and universities to select the most able applicants. Additionally, such tests are also used by a growing number of employers as part of the selection/recruitment process.

### WAIS-III

The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale III (WAIS-III) divides Verbal IQ (VIQ) into two categories:

* **Verbal Comprehension Index** (**VCI**) – vocabulary, similarities, information, and comprehension.
* **Working Memory Index** (**WMI**) – arithmetic, digit span, and letter-number sequencing.

### LSAT

The Law School Admission Test (LSAT) is a classic measure that evaluates the verbal reasoning ability of participants who are applying to a graduate law school. The multiple choice sections are broken up into three parts:

* **Reading Comprehension** – ability to understand complex language material like paragraphs or passages and able to answer questions regarding them.
* **Analytical reasoning** – ability to understand relationships in language material like statements or passages and being able to draw reasonable conclusions from them.
* **Logical reasoning** – Using critical thinking to assess and complete an argument given on the test.

### Verbal reasoning in recruitment

Large graduate training schemes are increasingly using verbal reasoning tests (verbals) to distinguish between applicants. The types of verbals candidates face in these assessments are typically looking to assess understanding and comprehension skills. Verbal reasoning tests are often used during recruitment for positions in many industries, such as banking, finance, management consulting, mining and accounting. The tests are used as an efficient way to short list candidates for later stages of the recruitment process, such as interview. When used in recruitment, the tests normally include a series of text passages regarding a random topic. Then there will be a series of statements regarding the passages. The candidate must then determine if the statement is true, false or they can not tell (it is ambiguous). The candidate is not expected to know anything about the topics, and the answer is to be based purely on the information in the passage.

## Concepts

This section of the article briefly elucidates the general elements relating to verbal reasoning in order of increasing complexity.

### Vocabulary and grammar

Vocabulary (the knowledge of words' meanings in a language) and grammar (knowledge of words' proper relation to one another in a language) can function both as prerequisites as well as topics of focus of verbal reasoning. In the former capacity, they are used to form propositions and arguments (see below), while in the latter capacity they are the subject of analysis and evaluation, where verbal reasoning synthesizes linguistic information and analyzes relationships among component parts of sentences, words, and concepts.

### Propositions

The basic element of reasoning (verbal, or otherwise) is the proposition. A proposition is simply the meaning behind a declarative sentence that can be either true or false (note: special care is taken here to mention that the proposition is specifically what is *meant* by such a sentence, and is *not* the actual sentence itself). In other words, a proposition is something that one can know, believe, think, assume, or so on. Worth explicitly mentioning here is that only *some* (and not necessarily all) statements count as propositions. This is because the defining feature of a proposition is that it is necessarily making some assertion which can intelligibly be assigned a truth value. In other words: statements are only propositions if they are Truth-apt. To illustrate this principled distinction, let us consider the following two statements:

* "The sky is blue."
* "Tell me your name."

The first sentence is a proposition because it purports a fact which is either true or untrue. The second sentence, however, is *not* a proposition, because it does not appear to make any true/false assertion (that is, there is nothing meant by the sentence that one could say were or weren't "true").

### Premises and conclusions

A premise is a proposition in an argument which will justify or induce a conclusion. That is, premises are propositions which, if true, allow for the logical inference of an associated proposition which is known as the "conclusion". To give an example: the statement "John is a bachelor" is a premise in the one-sentence argument "*John is a bachelor, therefore John is unmarried*", and the conclusion is that "John is unmarried". Premises may be treated somewhat differently according to the specific type of argument in which they occur. In a *deductive* argument, premises are often *assumed* to be true — regardless of whether or not they really are. This is juxtaposed against *inductive* arguments, in which there is merely a *chance* of some premise(s) (and/or conclusion(s)) being true.

### Arguments and reason

An argument is a series of premises together with one or more conclusion(s). Arguments can serve a variety of purposes, ranging from determining the degree of truth of a conclusion, to persuading individuals to accept or reject some belief(s) (as in the case of rhetoric). An additional note on arguments is that they may take a number of different forms, including that of a syllogism, essay, or dialogue (among others). To the extent which argument overlaps with and is reliant upon language, it may be considered one of the central concerns of verbal reasoning (or for that matter *any* reasoning, at large).

At this point a sort of maximal scope has been reached, wherein it is appropriate to point out and address the issue of circularity. Insofar as verbal reasoning is used to create and analyze arguments of language, while at the same time arguments (using language as their vehicle) are used to exercise and analyze reasoning, there will be some inevitable degree of circularity between the two. This point offers a fitting conclusion to the current section, and serves to reiterate the importance of verbal reasoning.

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