title: Musikhuset Aarhus

abstract: Musikhuset Aarhus is a large concert hall complex in Aarhus, Denmark. Located in the city centre, Musikhuset is Aarhus' main venue for music and with seating for more than 3,600 people in total, it is the largest concert hall in Scandinavia. Musikhuset Aarhus was designed by Kjær & Richter and built in 1979-1982, commissioned by Aarhus Municipality. The surroundings are designed by landscape architect Sven Hansen. In front of the main glass foyer is the Concert Hall Park (Musikhusparken), a sculpture and parterre garden of boxwood with flowers, fountains and small seclusive corners with benches. A recreational lawn connects the park area with the City Hall Park. Between the concert halls and the adjacent ARoS art museum is a cobblestone amphitheatre hosting outdoor events and gatherings throughout the year.

text:
# Musikhuset Aarhus

***Musikhuset Aarhus*** (**Aarhus Concert Hall**) is a large concert hall complex in Aarhus, Denmark. Located in the city centre, Musikhuset is Aarhus' main venue for music and with seating for more than 3,600 people in total, it is the largest concert hall in Scandinavia. Musikhuset Aarhus was designed by Kjær & Richter and built in 1979-1982, commissioned by Aarhus Municipality.

The surroundings are designed by landscape architect Sven Hansen. In front of the main glass foyer is the Concert Hall Park (*Musikhusparken*), a sculpture and parterre garden of boxwood with flowers, fountains and small seclusive corners with benches. A recreational lawn connects the park area with the City Hall Park. Between the concert halls and the adjacent ARoS art museum is a cobblestone amphitheatre hosting outdoor events and gatherings throughout the year.

## The building complex

All in all, Musikhuset comprise six concert halls, nine stages and hosts more than 1,500 events every year for an audience close to half a million people. Musikhuset is built and equipped to also allow cultural experiences of a high quality for wheelchair users, the blind and people with hearing or vision impairments.

A lofty 2,000 m2 foyer with glass facades on three sides, leads into an anteroom and then into the main auditorium of *Store Sal* (Large Hall). The foyer occasionally hosts shows, concerts, exhibitions and business arrangements and can house up to 1,000 standing guest or 700 seated. It is home to café and restaurant "johan r.", named after Johan Richter, the concert halls original architect. The restaurant has a small scene of its own, arranging about 300 free concerts annually. With its fully equipped stage, the main auditorium is designed for concerts, opera, ballet and musicals, but also large assemblies and meetings are held here and has seating for nearly 1,600 people. In 2011, Danish artist Mogens Gissel redecorated it in "wine red, curry yellow, mouse grey, nut brown, azure blue and pitch black". In an expansion project in 2005-2008, another large concert hall known as *Symfonisk Sal* (Symphonic Hall) was added, with seating for around 1,200 people, specifically built to host symphonic orchestral music concerts. Based on the proportions of the Great Hall of the Musikverein in Vienna, the Symphonic Hall allows adjustments of the walls, carpeting and acoustic panels in order to ensure the very best delivery of symphonic music.

Musikhuset has four smaller halls, each individually built and equipped to host various genres. The smaller auditorium known as *Lille Sal* (Small Hall), has seating for 319 people and was originally designed for chamber music specifically. It has been updated with new technology and now also hosts theatre, rhythmic music concerts, conferences and cinema events. *Rytmisk Sal* (Rhythmic Hall) has seating for 465 people, but can accommodate up to 1,000 standing guests due to a changeable telescopic scene. The hall is known as the Rock 'n' Roll hall of Musikhuset, designed for rhythmic music specifically. *Kammermusiksalen* (The Chamber Music Hall) is constructed for chamber music, with wooden floors, light colours and a wall-sized window section for sunlight. With seating for 100 guests this hall is also used for meetings, lectures and warm-up events of various kinds. Both the Rhythmic Hall and The Chamber Music Hall are located in the new associated academy building, constructed during the 2005-2008 expansion project.

The building complex is home to *Den Jyske Opera* (sometimes referred to as the Danish National Opera), *Aarhus Symfoniorkester* (Aarhus Symphony Orchestra), *Teatret Filuren* (a child theatre project) and *Comedy ZOO Aarhus* (an organisation for Danish stand-up comedy). With passageways of glass, steel and copper, the original concert hall building connects to the adjacent Royal Academy of Music built in 2007. The academy is also in yellow brick, but includes copper and has a somewhat different architectural design overall, designed by C. F. Møller Architects. Musikhuset hosts free concerts performed by the music academy students every week.

## Events

The fourth edition of the Scandinavian children's song contest MGP Nordic was held at the Large Hall on November 29, 2008.

The building Surroundings

## Notes and references

56°09′10″N 10°11′59″E / 56.15278°N 10.19972°E / 56.15278; 10.19972

## InfoBox

Musikhuset Aarhus
| Musikhuset | |
| --- | --- |
| *Musikhuset Aarhus* by night | |
|  | |
| Address | Thomas Jensens Allé
Aarhus
Denmark |
| Type | Concert hall |
| Capacity | 1,572 (Large Hall) |
| Construction | |
| Opened | 1982 |
| Rebuilt | 2005-2008 |
| Architect | Kjær & Richter, C. F. Møller Architects |
| Website | |
| Musikhuset Aarhus | |


title: Music Played by Humans

abstract: Music Played by Humans is the fifth solo studio album by British singer-songwriter Gary Barlow. The album was released by Polydor Records on 27 November 2020 and is Barlow's first solo album in seven years, following Since I Saw You Last in 2013. The album's lead single, "Elita" features both Michael Bublé and Sebastián Yatra, and was released on 30 September 2020. The album debuted at the top of the UK Albums Chart dated 4 December 2020, becoming Barlow's third solo number-one album in the UK.

text:
# Music Played by Humans

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| *The Arts Desk* |  |
| *Belfast Telegraph* | 8/10 |
| *The Telegraph* |  |

***Music Played by Humans*** is the fifth solo studio album by British singer-songwriter Gary Barlow. The album was released by Polydor Records on 27 November 2020 and is Barlow's first solo album in seven years, following *Since I Saw You Last* in 2013. The album's lead single, "Elita" features both Michael Bublé and Sebastián Yatra, and was released on 30 September 2020.

The album debuted at the top of the UK Albums Chart dated 4 December 2020, becoming Barlow's third solo number-one album in the UK.

## Background

*Music Played by Humans* is Barlow's first solo album since 2013's *Since I Saw You Last*, and "sees \[him\] add a contemporary take to the orchestral and big band music he fell in love with as a child". The album includes songs recorded with an 80-piece orchestra, and was preceded by the Latin-inspired lead single "Elita" featuring singers Michael Bublé and Sebastián Yatra. *Music Played by Humans* also includes collaborations with Beverley Knight, Alesha Dixon, Chilly Gonzales, Barry Manilow, Ibrahim Maalouf, Avishai Cohen and James Corden.

Barlow was nearing completion on Take That's Greatest Hits Live tour in support of 2018's *Odyssey* when he envisioned the concept for the record, including "full orchestras, swing bands and string quartets", and more than 100 musicians in total. He told BBC News: "I went to Universal, the record company, and I said, 'Listen, I have got this idea but can I just record three songs? I don't mean demos, I want to put the orchestra on, I want to mix it, I want to get right down the road with three songs'. And so I did: Big string sections, brass sections, the whole thing. I really wanted to know that it was right. Then I played it to them and they just said, 'Listen, just go and finish the bloody thing. It's fantastic.'"

## Singles

* "Elita," featuring Michael Bublé and Sebastián Yatra, was released as the album's lead single on 30 September 2020.
* "Incredible" was released as the album's second single on 30 October 2020.
* "This Is My Time" was released as the album's third single on 13 November 2020.
* "Enough is Enough," featuring Beverley Knight, was released as the album's fourth single on 29 January 2021.

## Commercial performance

The album debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart, with sales of 46,406 units, earning Barlow his third number-one solo album.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Gary Barlow, additional songwriters are noted below

Standard edition track listing
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Producer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Who's Driving This Thing" | Tim Firth | * Gary Barlow * Ryan Carline | 4:12 |
| 2. | "Incredible" |  | * Barlow * Carline | 2:45 |
| 3. | "Elita" (featuring Michael Bublé and Sebastián Yatra) |  | * Barlow * Carline * Yatra * Johan Carlsson * Andrés Guerrero Ruiz * Andres Munera * Fernando Tobon | 3:30 |
| 4. | "The Big Bass Drum" |  | * Barlow * Carline | 3:35 |
| 5. | "This Is My Time" |  | * Barlow * Carline | 3:27 |
| 6. | "Enough Is Enough" (featuring Beverley Knight) |  |  | 3:26 |
| 7. | "Bad Libran" | Firth | * Barlow * Carline | 4:21 |
| 8. | "Eleven" (featuring Ibrahim Maalouf) |  | * Barlow * Carline | 3:54 |
| 9. | "Before We Get Too Old" (featuring Avishai Cohen) | Firth | * Barlow * Carline | 4:07 |
| 10. | "Supernatural" |  | * Barlow * Carline | 3:32 |
| 11. | "Oh What a Day" (featuring Chilly Gonzales) |  | * Barlow * Carline | 3:45 |
| 12. | "What Leaving's All About" (featuring Alesha Dixon) |  | * Barlow * Carline | 3:02 |
| 13. | "The Kind of Friend I Need" (featuring James Corden) | Firth | * Barlow * Carline | 4:03 |
| 14. | "I Didn't See That Coming" |  | * Barlow * Carline | 2:47 |
| Total length: | | | | 50:26 |

Deluxe edition bonus tracks
| No. | Title | Producer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15. | "Let's Get Drunk" | * James Wiltshire * Carline | 4:31 |
| 16. | "The Day the World Stopped Turning" | * Barlow * Carline | 3:52 |
| 17. | "You Make the Sun Shine" (featuring Barry Manilow) | * Barlow * Carline | 3:08 |
| 18. | "Incredible" (acoustic version) | * Barlow * Carline | 3:46 |
| 19. | "Incredible" (F9 Charleston remix) | * Barlow * Carline | 3:20 |
| Total length: | | | 69:03 |

## Personnel

### Musicians and vocals

* Gary Barlow – vocals, additional programming (3), acoustic piano (8), keyboards (8, 10, 12, 14), programming (8, 10, 12)
* Ryan Carline – keyboards (1, 2, 5–13), programming (1, 2, 3, 5, 7–10, 12, 13), drum programming (1, 11), acoustic piano (3, 8, 12), electric piano (4, 8), synthesizers (8), bass (12, 14)
* Malcolm Edmonstone – acoustic piano (1, 2, 4, 7, 9, 13), string arrangements and conductor (2, 4, 8, 13), big band arrangements and conductor (9), orchestra arrangements and conductor (9, 11)
* James Wiltshire – keyboards (2, 4, 10), programming (2, 4, 10), drum programming (3), bass (4)
* Andres Munera – programming (3)
* Andrés Guerrero Ruíz – programming (3)
* Johan Carlsson – acoustic piano (3), programming (3), electric guitar (3), baritone guitar (3), drum programming (3), percussion (3), backing vocals (3)
* Fernando Toban – programming (3), electric guitar (3), 12-string acoustic guitar (3)
* Marlow Rosado – acoustic piano (6)
* Daniel K. Mandelman – organ (6)
* Michael Freeman – keyboards (8, 10), programming (8, 10)
* Chilly Gonzales – acoustic piano (11), keyboards (11)
* Tommy Emmerton – guitars (1, 9)
* Justin Quinn – nylon guitar (3), tres (3), guitars (8)
* Loz Garratt – bass (1)
* Guy Pratt – bass (2)
* Jo Nichols – bass (5)
* Luis Guerra – bass (6)
* Avishai Cohen – bass (9)
* Ralph Salmins – drums (1)
* Brad Webb – drums (2, 4, 10)
* Michael Longoria – drums (6)
* Doug Harper – drums (9)
* Lewis Wright – percussion (1), vibraphone (1)
* Ash Soan – percussion (2, 3, 10, 12)
* Alberto Lopez – percussion (6)
* Camilla Pay – harp (5, 9)
* Carlos Sosa – saxophones (6), horn arrangements (6)
* Raul Vallejo – trombone (6)
* Fernando Castillo – trumpet (6)
* Ibrahim Maalouf – trumpet (8)
* Ben Edwards – trumpet (12)
* Stella Le Page – cello (11)
* Evan Jolly – big band arrangements (1, 2, 10), string arrangements (1)
* Tom Richards – big band arrangements (1, 4, 7, 10, 13), string arrangements (1, 7), big band conductor (2, 4, 13), brass arrangements and conductor (3, 8, 11)
* Angela Ricci – backing vocals (1, 2, 10)
* Hayley Carline – backing vocals (2, 4)
* Michael Bublé – vocals (3)
* Sebastián Yatra – vocals (3)
* Peter Carlsson – backing vocals (3)
* Beverley Knight – vocals (6)
* Alesha Dixon – vocals (12), backing vocals (12)
* James Corden – vocals (13)
* Barry Manilow \- piano (17)

### Technical and design

* Ryan Carline – engineer, mixing (5, 7, 8, 9, 11–14)
* John Hanes – mix engineer (3)
* Mark "Spike" Stent – mixing (1, 2, 4)
* Matt Wolach – mix assistant (1, 2, 4)
* Serban Ghenea – mixing (3)
* Charlie Kramsky – mixing (6)
* Kevin Grainger – mixing (10)
* Randy Merrill – mastering at Sterling Sound (New York City, New York)
* Studio Fury – art direction, design
* Benjamin Lennox – photography

## Charts

## Certifications

Certifications for *Music Played by Humans*
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| United Kingdom (BPI) | Gold | 100,000 |
| Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## InfoBox

| Music Played by Humans | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Gary Barlow | |
| Released | 27 November 2020 |
| Length | 50:26 |
| Label | Polydor |
| Producer |  |
| Gary Barlow chronology | |
| *Since I Saw You Last*
(2013) ***Music Played by Humans***
(2020) *The Dream of Christmas*
(2021) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Music Played by Humans* | |
| 1. "Elita"
Released: 30 September 2020 2. "Incredible"
Released: 30 October 2020 3. "This Is My Time"
Released: 13 November 2020 4. "Enough is Enough"
Released: 29 January 2021 | |
|  | |


title: Mvurwi Range

abstract: The Mvurwi range of mountains is located in northern Zimbabwe. It stretches about 160 km from Lake Manyame, just west of Harare, north to the Zambezi Escarpment. It rises to its highest point of 1740m at the Mavurwe beacon. The northernmost part of the mountain range is Mavuradonha, which is a protected area. It is an important chromium mining region.

text:
# Mvurwi Range

The **Mvurwi** range of mountains is located in northern Zimbabwe. It stretches about 160 km from Lake Manyame, just west of Harare, north to the Zambezi Escarpment. It rises to its highest point of 1740m at the Mavurwe beacon. The northernmost part of the mountain range is Mavuradonha, which is a protected area.

It is an important chromium mining region.

## InfoBox

| Mvurwi Range | |
| --- | --- |
| Mvurwi RangeLocation of Mvurwi Range in Zimbabwe | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 1,740 m (5,710 ft) |
| Prominence | 312 m (1,024 ft) |
| Coordinates | 16°38′04″S 30°53′51″E / 16.63443°S 30.89749°E / -16.63443; 30.89749 |
| Geography | |
| Location | Zimbabwe |
| Climbing | |
| Easiest route | Hike |


title: YPARD

abstract: Young Professionals for Agricultural Development (YPARD) is an international movement for young professionals. YPARD operates as a network in 72 countries through its chapters. This multi-stakeholder platform's main mission is to serve as a collective global network that enables young professionals to realize their full potential and contribute proactively towards innovative and sustainable agricultural development. The idea of YPARD was born at an EFARD meeting held in Zürich, Switzerland in May 2005 and was formally launched during a side meeting at the GFAR Triennial conference in New Delhi, India, on 8 November 2006. In 2023 YPARD was registered as a non-profit organization in Berlin, Germany.

text:
# YPARD

**Young Professionals for Agricultural Development** (YPARD) is an international movement for young professionals. YPARD operates as a network in 72 countries through its chapters. This multi-stakeholder platform's main mission is to serve as a collective global network that enables young professionals to realize their full potential and contribute proactively towards innovative and sustainable agricultural development.

The idea of YPARD was born at an EFARD (European Forum for Agricultural Research for Development) meeting held in Zürich, Switzerland in May 2005 and was formally launched during a side meeting at the GFAR Triennial conference in New Delhi, India, on 8 November 2006.

In 2023 YPARD was registered as a non-profit organization in Berlin, Germany.

## History

The FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) states that in the next 35 years the world's population will increase from 7 billion to over 10 billion. At the same time, agriculture is an ageing and undervalued profession for which there is a declining interest among young people.

Young professionals face numerous challenges including making their voices heard and exerting influence in the field of AR4D. Lack of youth involvement in AR4D has negative implications for the sector, reducing the potential for innovation, use of new communication technologies, inclusivity and future sustainability.

In response to this, in April 2005, at EFARD in Zürich, a small group of young scientists observed that an important policy debate was taking place. This debate had little involvement of young scientists and decides to take action. Two months later in Rome a meeting was held between the group of young professionals and representatives from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the GFAR, Biodiversity International and the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD).

In December 2005, at the Annual General Meeting (AGM) of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR), in Marrakech, took place a roundtable with the topic: "How to Increase Young People's Involvement in Agricultural Research for Development (ARD)?" That was the seed, hence between March and June 2006, in Bern, gave the input for the meeting with Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) where the initial funding proposal was discussed and signed.

Between May and July 2006 in Wageningen and Leibniz University of Hannover the vision, the mission, the objectives, the governance structure, and the short and long-term activities for the platform were formulated and preparations for the official launch of YPARD began. At the triennial conference of the GFAR, in New Delhi, on 8 November 2006, the Young Professional's Platform for Agricultural Research for Development is officially launched during a side event. A detailed strategic plan for 2018 to 2020 was created in Prague, and the YPARD Charter was revised. YPARD began our new hosting at AGRIDEA and CZU. The Global Policy Working group was launched- this set the stage for key partnerships in the UNFSS Youth Liaison Group and in the Youth Working Group of the CSIPM to the CFS. In 2022 The launch of the YPARD Global Policy Working group culminated in partnership in the Food Systems Pavilion at the UNFCCC COP. We also held the YUFRAS-YPARD Young Rural Advisers Training and Mentorship Program.

Another huge growth step for YPARD in 2023 when we founded YPARD eV, a non-profit registered in Germany. We also started the agroecology GP-SAEP project on Agroecology and the CEA-FIRST project in AU-EU research partnership as a consortium partner. An incubator project was launched in Africa and Asia-Pacific, and a massive youth summit was held in LAC, encouraging youth ideas to grow to the next level. Finally in 2024 We hold an in-person Steering Committee and Staff Retreat in Berlin, revisiting YPARD's vision, mission, values, and strategic way forward. As a board member of the Food and Agriculture for Sustainable Transformation (FAST) Partnership, we strategize with key stakeholders on access to quality climate finance. A brand new website is launched, and we focus on connecting the Rio Conventions with youth efforts.

## Goal and objectives

YPARD's goal is to enable and empower young agricultural leaders shaping sustainable food systems.

YPARD seeks to ensure sustainably improved livelihoods worldwide, through these key objectives:

* To ensure long term sustainability of YPARD
* To be a key influencer in the strategic direction of youth engagement in sustainable food systems
* To enable young people in agriculture shape sustainable food systems
* To be an innovative and supportive global team

Two supporting objectives are securing diversified funding sources and ensuring strong management.

All of YPARD's decisions - on global, regional, country and local levels - are made with these objectives in mind. As reflected in the Content Driven Agenda 2014–2018.

Underlying these objectives, YPARD believes that youth in agriculture must be empowered to lead their own development. With an ageing global agricultural system and increasing lack of interest among young people in pursuing agricultural-related careers across the globe, we face a problem of sustainability of the sector. Therefore, "It is necessary to create the next generation of agricultural leaders, thinkers and entrepreneurs who will be able to address these critical development issues", YPARD states.

## Partners

YPARD is working in partnership to empower youth in agricultural development. It is supported by the SDC. YPARD has contributed to the generation of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research's Program on Dryland Systems youth strategy 2014–2017.

**YPARD is hosted by institutions that work in the agricultural field:**

**YPARD works in partnership with:**

## Membership

Conceived as a multi-stakeholder platform, YPARD is a "movement" and does not intend to become a formalized institution. In order to ensure accountability and continuity, as well as enable financial contributions, a small structure is nevertheless established. Participation and contribution to YPARD is on a non-remunerated and voluntary basis with a few exceptions to run the Coordination Units.

YPARD's Charter defines YPARD and the terms of reference of its governance bodies, which are:

* Constituents (the Members: young professionals between 18 and 39 years old and supporting members)
* Steering Committee (SC)
* Regional Coordinators (RC)
* Country representatives (CR)
* Local Representatives (LR)
* Global Coordination Unit (GCU)
* Advisory Group (AG).

## InfoBox

YPARD - Young Professionals for Agricultural Development
|
|  |
| Formation | 2006 |
| Type | Non profit organization |
| Purpose | Agricultural development |
| Headquarters | Berlin |
| Location |  |
| Region served | Worldwide |
| Director | Genna Tesdall |
| Website | www.ypard.net |


title: My Dawg (Lil Baby song)

abstract: "My Dawg" is the debut single by American rapper Lil Baby. It was released on July 13, 2017, as the lead single from his mixtape Harder Than Hard. The song peaked at number 71 on the Billboard Hot 100.

text:
# My Dawg (Lil Baby song)

"**My Dawg**" is the debut single by American rapper Lil Baby. It was released on July 13, 2017, as the lead single from his mixtape *Harder Than Hard*. The song peaked at number 71 on the *Billboard* Hot 100.

## Music video

The music video for the track was released on July 18, 2017. The video includes a clip from the 1993 film *Menace II Society*.

## Remix

A remix of the track, featuring new guest verses from Quavo, Moneybagg Yo, and Kodak Black, was released on December 5, 2017. The remix was later included on the compilation album *Control the Streets, Volume 1* by American record label Quality Control.

## Critical reception

Michael Saponara of *Billboard* ranked the track the second best in Lil Baby's discography, calling it a "triumphant anthem". Robby Seabrook III of *XXL* called the track "infectious". Mitch Findlay of *HotNewHipHop* said the track had a "catchy melody" and called it "hypnotic".

## Charts

| Chart (20172018) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| US *Billboard* Hot 100 | 71 |
| US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (*Billboard*) | 29 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Canada (Music Canada) | Gold | 40,000 |
| United States (RIAA) | Platinum | 1,000,000 |
| Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

1. "Harder Than Hard: Gangster Grillz". *HotNewHipHop*. Archived from the original on June 16, 2020. Retrieved June 16, 2020.
2. "Lil Baby – My Dawg | Music Video". *Conversations About Her*. Archived from the original on June 16, 2020. Retrieved June 16, 2020.
3. "Lil Baby Drops *My Dawg (Remix)* With Quavo and More". *XXL*. Retrieved June 16, 2020.
4. "Quavo & Kodak Black Hop on Lil Baby's "My Dawg (Remix)"". *Hypebeast*. Archived from the original on June 16, 2020. Retrieved June 16, 2020.
5. "Premiere: Quavo, Moneybagg Yo, and Kodak Black Join Lil Baby for "My Dawg" Remix". *Complex*. Archived from the original on June 16, 2020. Retrieved June 16, 2020.
6. "Quality Control's 'Control the Streets, Vol. 1′ Album Showcases an Empire in the Making". *XXL*. Archived from the original on June 16, 2020. Retrieved June 16, 2020.
7. "Lil Baby's 10 Best Songs: Critic's Picks". *Billboard*. Archived from the original on June 16, 2020. Retrieved June 16, 2020.
8. "Here Are Lil Baby's Most Essential Songs You Need to Hear". *XXL*. Archived from the original on June 16, 2020. Retrieved June 16, 2020.
9. "Lil Baby - My Dawg". *HotNewHipHop*. Archived from the original on June 16, 2020. Retrieved June 16, 2020.
10. "Chart Search: Lil Baby, My Dawg, Hot 100". *Billboard*. Archived from the original on July 9, 2024. Retrieved June 16, 2020.
11. "Chart Search: Lil Baby, My Dawg". *Billboard*. Archived from the original on June 16, 2020. Retrieved June 16, 2020.
12. "Canadian single certifications – Lil Baby – My Dawg". Music Canada. Retrieved June 24, 2019.
13. "American single certifications – Lil Baby – My Dawg". Recording Industry Association of America.

## InfoBox

| "My Dawg" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Lil Baby | |
| from the album  *Harder Than Hard* | |
| Released | July 13, 2017 |
| Length | 3:36 |
| Label | Quality Control |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Producer(s) | Quay Global |
| Lil Baby singles chronology | |
| "**My Dawg**"
(2017) "The Hard Way"
(2017) | |
|  | |
| Music video | |
| "My Dawg" on YouTube | |
|  | |


title: My Life in the Bush of Ghosts (novel)

abstract: My Life in the Bush of Ghosts is a novel by Nigerian writer Amos Tutuola, published in 1954. It tells the story of a young West African boy who becomes lost in the wilderness, known as the bush, after fleeing from slave traders with his elder brother. The novel is presented as a collection of related narratives, although not always in chronological order, which adds to its surreal and dreamlike quality. The protagonist, who remains unnamed throughout the book, is portrayed as young and inexperienced, unaware of the dangers that lurk in the bush, including ghosts and spirits that pose great peril to mortals. As he navigates through this strange and mysterious place, he encounters a series of bizarre and often nightmarish beings and experiences. Tutuola's use of English, from the perspective of a naive and youthful narrator, creates a unique and authentic voice that adds to the novel's charm and intrigue. Like Tutuola's earlier work, The Palm-Wine Drinkard, My Life in the Bush of Ghosts is heavily metaphorical and autobiographical. Tutuola draws on his own experiences and African folklore to craft a tale that explores themes of identity, culture, and the human condition. The novel's disjointed narrative structure and fantastical elements, reminiscent of Grimms' Fairy Tales, lend it a sense of otherworldliness and make it a captivating read that challenges traditional notions of storytelling.

text:
# My Life in the Bush of Ghosts (novel)

***My Life in the Bush of Ghosts*** is a novel by Nigerian writer Amos Tutuola, published in 1954. It tells the story of a young West African boy who becomes lost in the wilderness, known as the bush, after fleeing from slave traders with his elder brother. The novel is presented as a collection of related narratives, although not always in chronological order, which adds to its surreal and dreamlike quality.

The protagonist, who remains unnamed throughout the book, is portrayed as young and inexperienced, unaware of the dangers that lurk in the bush, including ghosts and spirits that pose great peril to mortals. As he navigates through this strange and mysterious place, he encounters a series of bizarre and often nightmarish beings and experiences. Tutuola's use of English, from the perspective of a naive and youthful narrator, creates a unique and authentic voice that adds to the novel's charm and intrigue.

Like Tutuola's earlier work, *The Palm-Wine Drinkard*, *My Life in the Bush of Ghosts* is heavily metaphorical and autobiographical. Tutuola draws on his own experiences and African folklore to craft a tale that explores themes of identity, culture, and the human condition. The novel's disjointed narrative structure and fantastical elements, reminiscent of Grimms' Fairy Tales, lend it a sense of otherworldliness and make it a captivating read that challenges traditional notions of storytelling.

## Critical reception

*Time* magazine selected *My Life in the Bush of Ghosts* as one of its "100 Best Fantasy Books of All Time".

The title was Nominee for narrative Strainers in 1984 by Premio Grinzane Cavour.

## Tributes

The title of the 1981 album *My Life in the Bush of Ghosts* by David Byrne and Brian Eno was taken from this novel.

## Scholarly articles

## InfoBox

My Life in the Bush of Ghosts
| First edition (UK) | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Amos Tutuola |
| Language | English |
| Genre | Fairy Tale, Fantasy |
| Publisher | Faber and Faber (UK) Grove Press (US) |
| Publication date | 1954 |
| Publication place | Nigeria |
| Pages | 174 |
| Preceded by | *The Palm-Wine Drinkard* |
| Followed by | *Simbi and the Satyr of the Dark Jungle* |


title: Xenosoma bryki

abstract: Xenosoma bryki is a moth in the subfamily Arctiinae first described by Hering in 1943. It is found in Colombia.

text:
# Xenosoma bryki

***Xenosoma bryki*** is a moth in the subfamily Arctiinae first described by Hering in 1943. It is found in Colombia.

## InfoBox

| *Xenosoma bryki* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Erebidae |
| Subfamily: | Arctiinae |
| Subtribe: | Pericopina |
| Genus: | *Xenosoma* |
| Species: | ***X. bryki*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Xenosoma bryki***<br>Hering, 1943 | |
|


title: My Giant

abstract: My Giant is a 1998 American comedy-drama film directed by Michael Lehmann. The film stars Billy Crystal, who also produced and co-wrote the story for the film, and Romanian NBA player Gheorghe Mureșan in his debut film appearance. David Seltzer's script was inspired by Crystal's friendship with professional wrestler André the Giant, whom he had met during the filming of The Princess Bride.

text:
# My Giant

***My Giant*** is a 1998 American comedy-drama film directed by Michael Lehmann. The film stars Billy Crystal, who also produced and co-wrote the story for the film, and Romanian NBA player Gheorghe Mureșan in his debut film appearance. David Seltzer's script was inspired by Crystal's friendship with professional wrestler André the Giant, whom he had met during the filming of *The Princess Bride*.

## Plot

A struggling talent agent, Sammy Kamin, travels to Romania on business after splitting up with his wife. After his young client fires him, Sammy crashes his car and is rescued, while unconscious, by an enormous Romanian man named Max who is close to 8 feet tall.

Sammy thinks the rescuer is God, as he can only see Max's giant hands. When Sammy wakes up, he initially thinks he is in Heaven, but is confused to find a statue of Jesus next to his bed, as he was raised Jewish. He then realizes Max has brought him to a monastery, where he was raised after being placed for adoption by his parents because of his height.

Once he wakes up and interacts with Max, he sees potential stardom in him. Sammy attempts to broker his introduction into the movies. In doing so, he exploits Max's desire to visit a long-lost paramour, Lilliana, in Gallup, New Mexico. First, Max obtains the role of a villain in a movie, but he is so drunk that he vomits on the protagonist (Sammy's former client). However, the scene is included in the movie.

One day, Sammy talks to Steven Seagal about including Max as a villain in one of his movies, convincing him that he needs a different kind of villain. At first, Seagal rejects him because there was another actor who would take that role, but he changes his opinion after listening to an extract of a Shakespearean play done by Max.

Suddenly, after some medical exams, Max is diagnosed with heart disease which cannot be treated with a transplant because his heart is so big. Sammy decides to find Lilliana, and tries to convince her to meet Max again, but she rejects the invitation. Sammy then convinces his wife to take the role of Lilliana and after some words, Max asks her for a kiss. Even Max wanted to have a couple of minutes to meet Lilliana and say goodbye.

Afterwards, Sammy and his wife decide to get back together again, after realizing that they were truly in love and that their son needed them.

Sam got Max a three-picture deal and a TV series deal, but they left the business out on top. Sammy eventually decides to return Max home to Romania. Max refuses to go back, but finally he enters his old house, and meets his parents again and reconcile with him. Sammy ends up watching Max's first filmed scene in a cinema with his family. Max dies shortly after, because of his heart, but he changed many people's lives forever.

## Cast

## Reception

### Box office

*My Giant* grossed $8 million domestically against a $20 million budget.

### Critical response

Roger Ebert stated: "The movie, which could have been a funny send-up of Hollywood talent requirements, gets distracted by subplots...after its promising start, *My Giant* isn't a comedy about an agent and a giant, so much as the heartwarming tale of a guy who learns to be a better family man."

CNN's Paul Tatara stated: "Crystal is Crystal throughout, and I still like him for it. Muresan, on the other hand, is sweet but, shall we say, a limited performer. He also speaks as if he's storing potatoes in his cheeks for the oncoming Romanian winter. He's not any good, but, then again, Harrison Ford would be hard pressed to pretend that he's 7-foot-7. *My Giant* would probably play better to children. There's an itty-bitty bit of swearing. Beware of sugar comas."

The review of the film's original VHS release from *Entertainment Weekly* was one of its few genuine praises, from critic David Everitt, describing the tape as "a watchable rental. Crystal's wisenheimer Long Island charm wears well, and Muresan, the 7-foot-7 Washington Wizards center, is surprisingly endearing, especially when you can understand what he's saying. Watch for Steven Seagal's amusing cameo."

Lisa Alspector of the *Chicago Reader* reviewed the film positively and stated: "*My Giant* is exciting partly because it dares to get so close to \[its\] idea, even though it then pulls back."

On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 21% based on reviews from 28 critics.

## InfoBox

| My Giant | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | Michael Lehmann |
| Screenplay by | David Seltzer |
| Story by |  |
| Produced by | Billy Crystal |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Michael Coulter |
| Edited by | Stephen Semel |
| Music by | Marc Shaiman |
| Production<br>companies |  |
| Distributed by |  |
| Release date | * April 10, 1998 (1998-04-10) (United States) |
| Running time | 104 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Budget | $20 million |
| Box office | $8.1 million |


title: My Gentleman Friend (Etta Jones album)

abstract: My Gentleman Friend is an album by vocalist Etta Jones and pianist Benny Green which was recorded in 1994 and released on the Muse label in 1996.

text:
# My Gentleman Friend (Etta Jones album)

***My Gentleman Friend*** is an album by vocalist Etta Jones and pianist Benny Green which was recorded in 1994 and released on the Muse label in 1996.

## Reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |

The AllMusic review by Scott Yanow stated "For this slightly unusual set, veteran singer Etta Jones performs a set of duets with the very supportive yet consistently swinging pianist Benny Green. The tempoes vary a bit while Jones generally sticks to the lyrics, adding a soulful touch to each of the standards. The singer displays both maturity and restraint on the somewhat predictable but enjoyable outing which has a late-night feel".

## Track listing

1. "But Beautiful" (Jimmy Van Heusen, Johnny Burke) – 4:37
2. "I Don't Want to Walk Without You" (Frank Loesser, Jule Styne) – 3:47
3. "For Once in My Life" (Ron Miller, Orlando Murden) – 4:38
4. "Happiness Is a Thing Called Joe" (Harold Arlen, Yip Harburg) – 4:43
5. "Because of You" (Arthur Hammerstein, Dudley Wilkinson) – 4:27
6. "Gee, Baby, Ain't I Good to You" (Andy Razaf, Don Redman) – 3:01
7. "If You Could See Me Now" (Tadd Dameron, Carl Sigman) – 4:42
8. "Teach Me Tonight" (Gene DePaul, Sammy Cahn) – 4:11
9. "You Better Go Now" (Robert Graham, Bickley S. Reichmer) – 4:50
10. "When I Grow Too Old to Dream" (Sigmund Romberg, Oscar Hammerstein II) – 4:38

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| My Gentleman Friend | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Etta Jones | |
| Released | 1996 |
| Recorded | 1994 |
| Studio | Sear Sound, New York City |
| Genre | Jazz |
| Length | 43:34 |
| Label | Muse
MR 5534 |
| Producer | Houston Person |
| Etta Jones chronology | |
| *Reverse the Charges*
(1992) ***My Gentleman Friend***
(1996) *At Last*
(1995) | |


title: Yale Golf Course

abstract: The Yale Golf Course, or Yale University Golf Course, is a golf course in New Haven, Connecticut, owned and operated by Yale University. Yale is home to the men and women's Yale Golf Team and hosts three collegiate invitational tournaments each year. The course is primarily open to university students, alumni, and the university community.

text:
# Yale Golf Course

The **Yale Golf Course**, or **Yale University Golf Course**, is a golf course in New Haven, Connecticut, owned and operated by Yale University. Yale is home to the men and women's Yale Golf Team and hosts three collegiate invitational tournaments each year. The course is primarily open to university students, alumni, and the university community.

## History

In October of 1895, Yale students began playing the no-longer-existing New Haven Golf Club in the Newhallville neighborhood of New Haven. That course expanded to 18 holes in 1899 and was home to the students and team until 1910 when the course was developed into housing. From there, Yale students joined the newly opened Race Brook Country Club in Orange, Connecticut. However, it was relatively far away and not convenient to campus. After witnessing much enthusiasm among his undergraduates, George Adee wrote a proposal to the Yale Athletic Association out of concern and frustration in 1922. By this time, Princeton already had a university golf course while Harvard had begun discussions for a golf course of their own. Adee's proposal revolved around asking Sarah Wey Tompkins, the window of Ray Tompkins, to purchase and donate a plot of land on which Yale could build a course of their own. Ray Tompkins was a former Yale football captain in 1882 and 1883. Tompkins had amassed a large wealth while serving as the president of the Chemung Canal Trust Company in New York. Upon his death in 1918, Tompkins left his wife Sarah an estate worth over a million dollars. However, in his will existed a provision that upon the death of his wife the remainder of his wealth would be given to Yale "to furnish facilities for extending and developing the practice of athletic exercises on the part of students of the University." In 1923 following Adee's proposal, Yale approached Sarah Tompkins in hopes that she would purchase a plot of land known of the Greist Estate and donate it to the University. She accepted without hesitation and the 720 acres (290 ha) was purchased for $375,000.

Following the donation of the Griest Estate by Sarah Tompkins, a Yale Golf Committee was formed. With George Adee as its first chairman and J.F. Byers and Jess Sweetser on the committee, they contacted golf course architect Charles Blair Macdonald to confirm the possibility of having a golf course on the estate. Upon viewing the property and seeing its potential, Macdonald agreed to serve as a consultant to the project. Macdonald pushed for the hiring of a former associate of his, Seth Raynor, to be the course architect. Raynor was paid $7,500 to complete the project and began surveying the land in the summer of 1923.

To fund the golf course, the Board of Control of the Yale Athletic Association reached out to alums with the opportunity to become either a patron of the Ray Tompkins Memorial, a founder, or a member of the Yale Golf Club. To become a patron, one would have to pay $1000 but would be granted, “all privileges of the Ray Tompkins Memorial, including unrestricted lifetime use of the Yale Golf Course, and the option to make during lifetime one transfer of his rights, subject to the approval of the Board of Control.” Some of the alums who supported became patrons include Edwin Herr, George Adee, W. T. Adee, Charles Tiffany, Edward S. Harkness, M.N. Buckner, M.J. Warner, Clarence Blakeslee, Oliver Gould Jennings, J. Frederic Byers, Eben Byers, Charles Merrill, S. Brink Thorne, Julian Curtiss, Henry Havemeyer, Harry Rosenbaum, and S.B. Rosenbaum. Founders of the Yale Golf Club received lifetime use of the course, subject to restriction during the college year based on undergraduate use of the course. Founders within a 25-mile radius of the University paid $750 while those beyond 25 miles paid $500. Members of the Yale Golf Club received use, of course, subject to restrictions during the college year based on undergraduate use of the course. The initiation fee was $250 in addition to annual dues of $40 for those within a 25-mile radius of the university, or $20 for those beyond the 25-mile radius.

The clearing of the Griest Estate began during the summer of 1923. The crew had to blast, dig and drain the land that was mostly swampland.

Macdonald described it:

> The building of it was a difficult engineering problem. The land was high, heavily wooded, hilly, and no part of it had been cultivated for over forty years. There were no roads or houses upon it. It was a veritable wilderness when given to Yale ... When in the timber one could not see fifty feet ahead, the underbrush was so thick.

In total 120 acres of the estate was made available for the course. Heavier construction began in April 1924. The project initially began with 60 workers and rose to 150 at the height of the project. Although the crew ran into irrigation issues that required 35,000 feet (11 km) of pipes to correct and the project itself ran way over budget, the course officially opened for play on April 15, 1926. Upon opening, the course set up as a 6,552-yard (5.991 km) par 71. The courses' final cost was a then-record $400,000. One reviewer, the legendary sportswriter Herbert Warren Wind, wrote that the Yale Golf Course was, "a back-breaking job over an untouched plot of rugged land whose hazards and greens have the kind of dimensions that one would have expected of Michelangelo."

In 1983, Ben Crenshaw referred to the course as a "national treasure."

In 1994, Yale hired a new Athletic Director, Tom Beckett. He was "shocked" to find the course in such "poor condition." Beckett improved the financial situation of the course, which included an investment program and alumni support base. With the additional funds Yale was able to advance the quality of the course through tree removal, improved irrigation, and regular visits from USGA agronomists. Staffing on the course also increased which "made a tremendous difference in the conditions of the golf course." By 2004, "a restored and beautiful course" had manifested itself.

In 2006, the course was voted the top university golf course in the country. In 2019, the course was ranked #53 in Golfweek's Top 200 Classic Courses. It was also voted Best Campus Course in 2019 by Golfweek. According to the *USA Today*, it is the "perennial" #1 pick.

## Tournaments hosted

Yale Golf Course has hosted many significant golf tournaments. These include significant amateur tournaments like the U.S. Junior Amateur Golf Championship and Connecticut Amateur. In addition, the course has hosted many significant college tournaments including the NCAA Regional Championships, Macdonald Cup, and the Yale Spring Invitational. The course has also hosted some significant professional tournaments. It hosted the Connecticut Open in 1931 and 1981. The course also hosted a Ben Hogan Tour event, New Haven Open, in the early 1990s.

David Patterson, the Scottish-born Yale Bulldogs golf coach during the late 20th century, also helped establish a number of significant tournaments at Yale Golf Course during his tenure. These included the 1988 USGA National Junior Championship, 1991 and 1995 NCAA Regional Championships, 1995 World Special Olympics Golf Championship, and the Yale Golf Classic, a senior event.

Like many courses, the course has a club championship. Reverend William T. Lee, who won the Connecticut Amateur three times, has won the club championship 11 times.

In 2004, the course hosted the NCAA Eastern Regional tournament. Bill Haas, from Wake Forest University, won the tournament at two-under-par.

## Scorecard

Yale Golf Course
| Tee | Rating/Slope | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | Out | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | In | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Par |  | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 34 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 36 | 70 |
| SI |  | 3 | 13 | 7 | 1 | 17 | 15 | 11 | 9 | 5 |  | 2 | 14 | 8 | 10 | 12 | 18 | 16 | 4 | 6 |  |  |
| Championship | M: 72.9 / 135
W: 79.6 / 146 | 420 | 374 | 411 | 437 | 160 | 421 | 377 | 406 | 213 | 3,219 | 396 | 379 | 400 | 230 | 365 | 225 | 553 | 437 | 621 | 3,606 | 6,825 |
| Long (blue) | M: 71.3 / 133
W: 77.1 / 140 | 383 | 362 | 399 | 425 | 135 | 409 | 365 | 394 | 201 | 3,074 | 382 | 347 | 387 | 196 | 353 | 171 | 495 | 425 | 580 | 3,335 | 6,409 |
| Regular (green) | M: 69.3 / 130
W: 75.8 / 137 | 340 | 344 | 379 | 410 | 135 | 349 | 350 | 382 | 201 | 2,874 | 356 | 334 | 343 | 192 | 342 | 141 | 465 | 395 | 542 | 3,110 | 5,984 |
| Short (gold) | M: 65.4 / 114
W: 70.2 / 121 | 310 | 280 | 332 | 344 | 115 | 317 | 288 | 328 | 165 | 2,479 | 235 | 303 | 318 | 182 | 331 | 126 | 435 | 255 | 480 | 2,665 | 5,144 |
| SI | (Short) | 9 | 11 | 1 | 3 | 17 | 13 | 15 | 7 | 5 |  | 6 | 10 | 2 | 8 | 12 | 18 | 14 | 16 | 4 |  |  |

41°19′10″N 72°59′10″W / 41.31944°N 72.98611°W / 41.31944; -72.98611

## InfoBox

Yale Golf Course
| The 9th hole | |
| --- | --- |
| Club information | |
| Location | New Haven, Connecticut, U.S. |
| Established | Surveyed 1923, constructed 1924-1925, opened for play April, 1926 |
| Type | Private |
| Owned by | Yale University |
| Total holes | 18 |
| Events hosted | Connecticut Open, New Haven Open |
| Website | yalegolf.yale.edu |
|  | |
| Designed by | Charles Blair Macdonald and Seth Raynor |
| Par | 70 |
| Length | 6,825 yards (6.241 km) |
| Course rating | 72.9 |
| Slope rating | 135 |
| Course record | 60, Li Wang (2016 Macdonald Cup) |
|  | |


title: Yale Food Addiction Scale

abstract: The Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) is a 25-point questionnaire, based on DSM-IV codes for substance dependence criteria, to assess food addiction in individuals. The scale was released in 2009 by Yale University's Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity. It was found that the brain mechanisms in people with food addiction were similar to those in people with substance dependence, such as drug addicts. While there is currently no official diagnosis of "food addiction", the YFAS was created to identify persons who exhibited symptoms of dependency towards certain food. Foods most notably identified by YFAS to cause food addiction were those high in fat and high in sugar. A self-reported standardized tool was created by a Yale researcher, Ashley Gearhardt, to determine those individuals at high risk for food addiction, regardless of weight.

text:
# Yale Food Addiction Scale

The **Yale Food Addiction Scale** (**YFAS**) is a 25-point questionnaire, based on DSM-IV codes for substance dependence criteria, to assess food addiction in individuals. The scale was released in 2009 by Yale University's Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity.

It was found that the brain mechanisms in people with food addiction were similar to those in people with substance dependence, such as drug addicts. While there is currently no official diagnosis of "food addiction", the YFAS was created to identify persons who exhibited symptoms of dependency towards certain food. Foods most notably identified by YFAS to cause food addiction were those high in fat and high in sugar. A self-reported standardized tool was created by a Yale researcher, Ashley Gearhardt, to determine those individuals at high risk for food addiction, regardless of weight.

## Food addiction

The term *food addiction* remains a controversial topic. The concept of food addiction addresses a person's behavioral and neurophysiological changes with certain foods that closely resemble findings found in persons with substance dependence. The term became especially popular in the second half of the twentieth century, driven by the "obesity epidemic". Earlier studies suggest that food addiction, similar to that of drug addiction, mainly exert their actions through the dopamine and opiate pathways. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) subjects regardless of body mass index (BMI), with high food addiction score compared to those with lower scores, showed significant differences in brain activity. Furthermore, a study conducted by the Scripps Research Institute found that rats fed a high-fat palatable diet for extended periods, overstimulated the brain's reward system, similar to brain activity in drug addiction.

## Development

To address the need for a standardized tool to identify persons with food addiction behaviors, psychologist Ashley Gearhardt, along with her colleagues William R. Corbin and Kelly D. Brownell, developed the Yale Food Addiction Scale while completing her graduate research at Yale University as a clinical psychology doctoral student. Gearhardt and colleagues formatted their questionnaire to be based upon content of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV "text revision" for substance dependence and was reviewed by experts in the fields of addiction, obesity, and eating pathology for revision.

## Content

YFAS contains 25 self-reported questions in dichotomous and Likert-type format. In the original scale, two items were included to determine the foods that triggered dependence. When filling out the questionnaire, subjects are asked to refer to the past 12 months of behaviors. The questions fall under seven specific substance dependence criteria as defined by the DSM-IV, as well as clinically significant impairment. The seven criteria per the instruction sheet for the YFAS are:

1. Substance taken in larger amount and for longer period than intended.
2. Persistent desire or repeated unsuccessful attempt to quit.
3. Much time/activity to obtain, use, recover,
4. Important social, occupational, or recreation activities given up or reduced.
5. Use continues despite knowledge of adverse consequences (e.g., failure to fulfill role obligation, use when physically hazardous).
6. Tolerance (marked increase in amount; marked decrease in effect).
7. Characteristic withdrawal symptoms; substance taken to relieve withdrawal.

Food addiction is recognized when an individual meets at least three of the above symptom criteria and scores for clinically significant impairment or distress.

## Foods emphasized

The YFAS survey identified certain foods that were likely to trigger dependence symptoms. These foods correlate with the high-fat, high-sugar foods selected in prior food addiction studies, however, the survey subject is instructed to think of any foods or food groups that cause positive symptoms identified in the questionnaire. The YFAS questionnaire lists the following foods:

* Sweets like ice cream, chocolate, doughnuts, cookies, cake, candy
* Starches like white bread, rolls, pasta, and rice
* Salty snacks like chips, pretzels, and crackers
* Fatty foods like steak, bacon, hamburgers, cheeseburgers, pizza, and French fries
* Sugary drinks like soda pop

## Modified scales

A shortened YFAS (mYFAS) consisting of only nine items was proposed in 2014 which had similar prevalence rates as the 25-item YFAS. To address the role food addiction plays in children, the original adult YFAS was adjusted. The Yale Food Addiction Scale for Children (YFAS-C) includes more age-appropriate activities, a lowered reading level, and a new scoring threshold.

A 35-item revised version of the YFAS (the YFAS 2.0) was published in 2016, reflecting the changes in the diagnostic criteria for substance dependence in the DSM-5. Although the YFAS and YFAS 2.0 substantially differ in terms of the number of items, response categories, item wordings, and scoring, it has been reported than prevalence rates and correlates of food addiction as measured with the YFAS 2.0 are largely similar to those with the YFAS. Similar to the YFAS, there is also a short version of the YFAS 2.0 (mYFAS 2.0) and a version for children (YFAS-C 2.0).

## Translated versions

The YFAS has been translated into several languages such as German, French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, and Chinese. Similarly, the YFAS 2.0 has been translated into several languages such as German, French, Italian, Turkish, Spanish, Korean, Arabic, Japanese, Malay, Chinese, Persian, and Portuguese.

## Limitations

Incidence of scores positive for food addiction were higher in overweight and obese patients. However, the correlation between YFAS scores and BMI is small and there seems to be a non-linear relationship between the two when considering the entire body weight spectrum from underweight to severe obesity. Previous studies have shown mixed results mainly due to limited sample size, concurrent eating disorders, and lack of clinical controls.

Five years after development of YFAS, Gearhardt and Adrian Meule summarized its utilization in research studies and its limitations. Gearhardt and Meule concluded:

> "Although, the YFAS is not sufficient evidence that 'food addiction' exists, it does provide a standardized tool to identify individuals who are the most likely to be experiencing an addictive response to food."


title: Saxon Studio International

abstract: Saxon Studio International is a reggae sound system from London, the first UK sound system to win an international competition. Saxon Studio International began operating in Lewisham, South London, in 1976. The sound came to prominence in the early '80s because of the "fast chat" style which was pioneered by its deejay Peter King. Other Saxon MCs included Tippa Irie, Smiley Culture, Asher Senator, Papa Levi, Daddy Colonel, Daddy Rusty and Daddy Sandy, each of whom developed this style and went on to release records, some achieving Top 40 hits in the UK national chart. In 1992, Saxon won the UK Cup Clash. In 1994, Saxon became the first UK soundsystem to win the World Clash. Saxon continue to play internationally, including an annual outing at London's Notting Hill Carnival. Their style has influenced artists such as Massive Attack and The Bug.

text:
# Saxon Studio International

**Saxon Studio International** is a reggae sound system from London, the first UK sound system to win an international competition.

Saxon Studio International began operating in Lewisham, South London, in 1976.

The sound came to prominence in the early '80s because of the "fast chat" style which was pioneered by its deejay Peter King. Other Saxon MCs included Tippa Irie, Smiley Culture, Asher Senator, Papa Levi, Daddy Colonel, Daddy Rusty and Daddy Sandy, each of whom developed this style and went on to release records, some (such as Smiley and Tippa) achieving Top 40 hits in the UK national chart.

In 1992, Saxon won the UK Cup Clash (a tournament for reggae soundsystems).

In 1994, Saxon became the first UK soundsystem to win the World Clash.

Saxon continue to play internationally, including an annual outing at London's Notting Hill Carnival. Their style has influenced artists such as Massive Attack (who invited them to play at the 2008 Meltdown festival, which they curated) and The Bug (who has collaborated with Tippa Irie and Saxon selector Trevor Sax).

## Recordings and releases

Many recordings of Saxon sessions circulate unofficially on cassette tape, CDR or mp3.

However, an official recording of a mid-eighties session in Paddington, West London, entitled *Saxon Studio International: Coughing Up Fire!!!* was released by the Greensleeves Records subsidiary label UK Bubblers in 1984.


abstract: The Minister for Corrective Services is a position in the Cabinet of Western Australia, first created in 1983 during the Burke Ministry. The minister was known as the Minister for Prisons until 1987, but since then has been known under its current title. The current Minister for Corrective Services is Paul Papalia of the Labor Party, who holds the position as a member of the Cook ministry. The minister, who has often held other portfolios in addition to protective services, is responsible for the state government's Department of Corrective Services (DCS), which runs the state's corrections system.

text:
# Minister for Corrective Services (Western Australia)

The **Minister for Corrective Services** is a position in the Cabinet of Western Australia, first created in 1983 during the Burke Ministry. The minister was known as the **Minister for Prisons** until 1987, but since then has been known under its current title.

The current Minister for Corrective Services is Paul Papalia of the Labor Party, who holds the position as a member of the Cook ministry. The minister, who has often held other portfolios in addition to protective services, is responsible for the state government's Department of Corrective Services (DCS), which runs the state's corrections system.

## List of ministers for corrective services

Seven people have been appointed as Minister for Corrective Services or Minister for Prisons, with the inaugural minister, Joe Berinson, having served for 9 years and 303 days, the longest in the position. Between 1993 and 2006, during the Court–Cowan and Gallop ministries (and during the first months of the Carpenter Ministry), responsibility for the portfolio was transferred to the Minister for Justice, with no separate corrective services minister. Prior to the portfolio's creation in 1983, responsibility for prisons had rested with either the Minister for Justice or the Attorney-General.

In the table below, members of the Legislative Council are designated "MLC". All others were members of the Legislative Assembly at the time of their service. In Western Australia, serving ministers are entitled to be styled "The Honourable", and may retain the style after three years' service in the ministry.

| Order | Minister | Party | | Premier | Title | Term start | Term end | Term in office |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Joe Berinson |  | Labor | Burke | Minister for Prisons | 19 April 1983 | 16 March 1987 | **9 years, 303 days** |
| | |  | | | Minister for Corrective Services | 16 March 1987 | 25 February 1988 | |
| | |  | | Dowding | 25 February 1988 | 19 February 1990 ||
| | |  | | Lawrence | 19 February 1990 | 16 February 1993 ||
| ***1993–2006: no minister – responsibility for portfolio held by Minister for Justice.*** | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | Margaret Quirk |  | Labor | Carpenter | Minister for Corrective Services | 26 May 2006 | 23 August 2008 | 2 years, 89 days |
| 3 | Christian Porter |  | Liberal | Barnett | | 23 September 2008 | 14 December 2010 | 2 years, 113 days |
| 4 | Terry Redman |  | National | | | 14 December 2010 | 29 June 2012 | 1 year, 198 days |
| 5 | Murray Cowper |  | Liberal | | | 29 June 2012 | 21 March 2013 | 265 days |
| 6 | Joe Francis |  | | | | 21 March 2013 | 17 March 2017 | 3 years, 361 days |
| 7 | Fran Logan |  | Labor | McGowan | | 17 March 2017 | 13 March 2021 | 3 years, 361 days |
| 8 | Bill Johnston |  | | | | 19 March 2021 | 8 June 2023 | 2 years, 81 days |
| 9 | Paul Papalia |  | | Cook | | 8 June 2023 | *incumbent* | 1 year, 123 days |


abstract: The Police National Service Full-time Light Strike Force was part of Special Operations Command, a division of Singapore Police Force, located at Queensway Base in Singapore from 1998 to 2005.

text:
# Police National Service Full-time Light Strike Force

1°17′42.41″N 103°48′01.76″E / 1.2951139°N 103.8004889°E / 1.2951139; 103.8004889

The **Police National Service Full-time Light Strike Force** (PNSF LSF) was part of Special Operations Command, a division of Singapore Police Force, located at Queensway Base in Singapore from 1998 to 2005.

## History and nature

The Police Full-time LSF was established in June 1998. In the beginning, there were 4 squads, namely LSF A, LSF B, LSF C and LSF D. Each squad consisted of at least 20 men then, led by a senior officer holding a rank of inspector or above. He was assisted by a National Service Inspector (NSI).

These squads were trained mainly in riot control and every squad was capable of undertaking the task of quelling any riot which involves 80 people or less. Officers were also equipped with T-batons, shields and other riot gear. They had to maintain a higher level of physical fitness than normal officers, and to be alert at all times so that they would always beready to respond within minutes to any serious emergency that may arise.

During peacetime however, officers periodically performed standby, patrol, covert (plain clothes) and some other policing duties with other Special Operations Command units or various police divisions.


title: Ziółkowo, Greater Poland Voivodeship

abstract: Ziółkowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gostyń, within Gostyń County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) south-east of Gostyń and 65 km (40 mi) south of the regional capital Poznań.

text:
# Ziółkowo, Greater Poland Voivodeship

**Ziółkowo** \[ʑuu̯ˈkɔvɔ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gostyń, within Gostyń County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) south-east of Gostyń and 65 km (40 mi) south of the regional capital Poznań.

## InfoBox

| Ziółkowo | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Ziółkowo | |
| Coordinates: 51°49′49″N 17°3′58″E / 51.83028°N 17.06611°E / 51.83028; 17.06611 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Greater Poland |
| County | Gostyń |
| Gmina | Gostyń |
| Population | 310 |


title: Virtual help desk

abstract:
A virtual help desk allows IT support organizations to virtually deploy IT technicians on demand to support a computer user experiencing technical issues. IT can efficiently manage and allocate global help desk resources, including – most importantly – its personnel, to access any computer to provide support despite the end user or IT rep location. Virtual help desks allow IT reps to virtually access end systems through support sessions where they can diagnose and fix computer issues quickly. This eliminates in-person customer service calls and/or ineffective phone-only tech support sessions, making the help desk more efficient.
Another objective of the virtual help desk is to improve IT resource management and save organization's money by increasing IT support efficiencies. Through an enhanced ability to allocate resources, IT organizations have the flexibility to create new ways of using its technical support knowledgebase. This technology usually requires a software implementation and support contract.

text:
# Virtual help desk

A **virtual help desk** allows IT support organizations to virtually deploy IT technicians on demand to support a computer user experiencing technical issues. IT can efficiently manage and allocate global help desk resources, including – most importantly – its personnel, to access any computer to provide support despite the end user or IT rep location. Virtual help desks allow IT reps to virtually access end systems through support sessions where they can diagnose and fix computer issues quickly. This eliminates in-person customer service calls and/or ineffective phone-only tech support sessions, making the help desk more efficient. Another objective of the virtual help desk is to improve IT resource management and save organization's money by increasing IT support efficiencies. Through an enhanced ability to allocate resources, IT organizations have the flexibility to create new ways of using its technical support knowledgebase. This technology usually requires a software implementation and support contract.

## Application/Techniques

Organizations can gain considerable infrastructure and cost savings by deploying virtualization technologies in hardware environments, such as data centers. However, the concept of virtualization can also be applied to the way people work. When applied to the help desk, this translates into the same number of technicians being able to handle more support incidents. As tech support problems are typically handled by the call center, contact center, or a help desk, either by telephone or remote desktop software, it’s important that technicians be able to work independently (or virtually) to quickly troubleshoot computer issues. The following points provide a quick overview of the benefits to an organization virtualizing its help desk:

1. **Increased productivity:** Companies can increase the number of support calls handled per day and cut the costs of lengthy service calls. Also, companies can eliminate the time and travel expense of technicians going on-site to resolve customer tech problems, improving IT resource management.

2. **Efficient routing:** As technology becomes more complex, a virtualized help desk provides the infrastructure to better manage decentralized IT operations and assign expert technicians across the queue to handle a particular tech support issue. This helps streamline the overall customer service process, while minimizing the time a support caller spends navigating through an automated phone tree.

3. **Improved control:** Putting a help desk rep in the driver's seat to troubleshoot computer issues not only enhances the customer experience by lessening frustration, but also reduces the stress and aggravation IT staff often face when walking non-tech savvy users through a tech support session. Ensuring that your help desk staff is happy when dealing with customers significantly helps your company build and maintain strong customer relations, not to mention reducing IT staff turnover rates.

The virtual help desk resides between the systems management and service desk platforms to work with the systems that track when trouble tickets open and close, to provide an account of what happens during the support process. This level of granular support activity (e.g. the what, how, when, why and even whose mouse click is used) also helps organizations better manage its IT resources and optimize the help desk. Using a centralized, virtual help desk solution to capture important support details (e.g. record remote sessions, note where calls were transferred or how the issues were resolved) enables IT organizations to build an effective knowledge base. This increased level of understanding can be used in root cause analysis to minimize recurring help desk issues and begin to address the tech support issues that result in desktop incident resolution gap.

## Example

The growing number of remote workers has put increased pressure on IT networks, forcing administrators to spend an increasing amount of time trying to fix users’ problems instead of their regular IT work.

This is also true for software vendors who must be able to troubleshoot and assist customers who may have purchased their product. Unlike a corporate help desk, the options for computing devices and Internet connections are endless and remain virtually unknown to the support representative until they get contacted for service.

This increased demand requires IT support organizations to be more agile in diagnosing and resolving desktop issues, which correlates with how the overall service support processes are run. Organizations that are integrating virtual help desk technology to optimize the overall IT support process are gaining significant benefits.

The SSPA (Service & Support Professionals Association) conducts ongoing research to provide help desk organizations with the information to reach their support and service objectives. John Ragsdale, SSPA VP of Research, reports on key benchmark information from the SSPA Benchmark Database, as well as other member and industry surveys to point out trends and best practices in support technology.

## History

Several things are driving the development of the virtualized help desk. According to IDC, key market factors include the proliferation of remote workers in the enterprise, the expansion of the small and medium-sized business (SMB) and small office/home office (SOHO) market and its increasing dependence on IT, and the need for a cost-effective way to support the consumer market. As workforces become more dispersed – 83% of companies say they operate a virtual workplace, in which more than one-quarter of employees work away from their supervisors or workgroups – responding to IT issues can be complex and costly if travel is required.

Today’s economic instability is also putting added pressure on companies to find gainful ways of optimizing current operations to ensure and build their business. In fact, recent Nemertes research found that only 44% of companies are increasing their IT budgets in 2008; and only 28% plan to do so in 2009. This means that organizations across various industries will be looking for ways to optimize IT.

Persistent IT problems that prohibit a company’s productivity are another factor as money is lost from both sides of the balance sheet. This concern is amplified when talking about external support as the stakes are higher for companies to deliver swift, effective, and reliable IT support to its customers.


title: Western yellow-bellied racer

abstract: The western yellow-bellied racer, also known as the western yellowbelly racer or western racer, is a snake subspecies endemic to the Western United States, including California, Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, Montana and Colorado. It is a subspecies of the eastern racer. It is nonvenomous and is recognized by its long and very slender shape. It is visually similar to the eastern yellow-bellied racer, which is also green, blue or brown with a recognizable yellow underside. Also named for its color, the western yellow-bellied racer is also gray with red or brown blotches when young.

text:
# Western yellow-bellied racer

The **western yellow-bellied racer** (*Coluber constrictor mormon*), also known as the **western yellowbelly racer** or **western racer**, is a snake subspecies endemic to the Western United States, including California, Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, Montana and Colorado. It is a subspecies of the eastern racer. It is nonvenomous and is recognized by its long and very slender shape. It is visually similar to the eastern yellow-bellied racer, which is also green, blue or brown with a recognizable yellow underside. Also named for its color, the western yellow-bellied racer is also gray with red or brown blotches when young.

## InfoBox

| Western yellow-bellied racer | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Closeup of the head of a western yellow-bellied racer in Washington state. | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Suborder: | Serpentes |
| Family: | Colubridae |
| Genus: | *Coluber* |
| Species: | *C. constrictor* |
| Subspecies: | ***C. c. mormon*** |
| Trinomial name | |
| ***Coluber constrictor mormon***<br>(Baird & Girard, 1852) | |


title: Treason (It's Just a Story)

abstract: "Treason" is a song recorded by Liverpool group The Teardrop Explodes. The track was originally released as a single in early 1980 and then included on the group's debut album Kilimanjaro later the same year. The original version of the song failed to become a hit, but was later re-mixed by Hugh Jones and re-released as the follow-up to the group's breakthrough hit Reward in 1981. This version reached no.18 in the UK Singles charts in May of the same year. The new version was also included on the re-issue of the Kilimanjaro album, itself more commercially successful than the original album release. On both album releases the song is listed under the title of "Treason".

text:
# Treason (It's Just a Story)

| "Treason (It's Just a Story)" (remix) | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by The Teardrop Explodes | |
| A-side | "Treason (It's Just a Story)" |
| B-side | "Use Me" |
| Written | Cope, Dwyer, Finkler |
| Released | May 1981 (1981-05) |
| Length | 2:57 |
| Label | Mercury Records |
| Producer(s) | Clive Langer & Alan Winstanley |
| The Teardrop Explodes singles chronology | |
| "Reward"
(1979) "**Treason (It's Just a Story)**" (remix)
(1981) "Passionate Friend"
(1981) | |

"**Treason (It's Just a Story)**" is a song recorded by Liverpool group The Teardrop Explodes. The track was originally released as a single in early 1980 and then included on the group's debut album *Kilimanjaro* later the same year.

The original version of the song failed to become a hit, but was later re-mixed by Hugh Jones and re-released as the follow-up to the group's breakthrough hit Reward in 1981. This version reached no.18 in the UK Singles charts in May of the same year. The new version was also included on the re-issue of the *Kilimanjaro* album, itself more commercially successful than the original album release. On both album releases the song is listed under the title of "Treason".

## B-side

The B-side of the original 1980 7" release was "Read It In Books", the Teardrop Explodes' own version of a song originally co-written by Julian Cope and Ian McCulloch, previously recorded and released by McCulloch's band Echo & the Bunnymen in 1979 as the B-side to their debut single "The Pictures on My Wall". The Teardrops' version was also included on the *Kilimanjaro* album, re-titled "Books".

The B-side of the remixed single version of "Treason" was a new track, entitled "Use Me", written by Julian Cope alone.

## Other versions

* A French language version of the track entitled "Traison (C’est juste une histoire)" was released as a bonus track on the 12" release of the re-mixed single in 1981. This version was later included on the deluxe edition of *Kilimanjaro* released in 2010.

* A live version of Treason performed at Club Zoo, Liverpool on 25 November 1981 was included on the group's comprehensive 2023 compilation *Culture Bunker 1978-82*. This compilation also features both single versions and the French version of the song, as well as the two B-sides "Read It In Books" and "Use Me".

* A cover version of "Treason" was recorded and released by Nottingham indie pop band Fat Tulips in 1991 as part of their "The Tulip Explodes!" EP, which also included cover versions of Teardrop Explodes songs "Passionate Friend" and "Reward".

## InfoBox

| "Treason (It's Just a Story)" | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by The Teardrop Explodes | |
| from the album  *Kilimanjaro* | |
| A-side | "Treason (It's Just a Story)" |
| B-side | "Read It In Books" |
| Written | Cope, Dwyer, Finkler |
| Released | February 1980 (1980-02) |
| Recorded | January 1980 (1980-01) |
| Studio | T.W. Studios |
| Length | 3:05 |
| Label | Zoo Records |
| Producer(s) | Clive Langer & Alan Winstanley |
| The Teardrop Explodes singles chronology | |
| "Bouncing Babies"
(1979) "**Treason (It's Just a Story)**"
(1980) "When I Dream"
(1980) | |


title: Tamopsis brisbanensis

abstract: Tamopsis brisbanensis is a species of spider in the family Hersiliidae, found in Australia. It is sometimes called the Brisbane two-tailed spider. It is one of a large number of new Tamopsis species described by Barbara Baehr and Martin Baehr between 1987 and 1998.

text:
# Tamopsis brisbanensis

***Tamopsis brisbanensis*** is a species of spider in the family Hersiliidae, found in Australia (Queensland, New South Wales). It is sometimes called the **Brisbane two-tailed spider**. It is one of a large number of new *Tamopsis* species described by Barbara Baehr and Martin Baehr between 1987 and 1998.

## InfoBox

| *Tamopsis brisbanensis* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Hersiliidae |
| Genus: | *Tamopsis* |
| Species: | ***T. brisbanensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Tamopsis brisbanensis***<br>Baehr & Baehr, 1987 | |
|


title: Sasal

abstract: Sasal is a hamlet located in the municipality of Sabiñánigo, in Huesca province, Aragon, Spain. As of 2020, it has a population of 8.

text:
# Sasal

**Sasal** is a hamlet located in the municipality of Sabiñánigo, in Huesca province, Aragon, Spain. As of 2020, it has a population of 8.

## Geography

Sasal is located 54km north of Huesca.

## InfoBox

| Sasal | |
| --- | --- |
| Locality | |
| SasalSasal | |
| Coordinates: 42°31′29″N 0°24′17″W / 42.52472°N 0.40472°W / 42.52472; -0.40472 | |
| Country | Spain |
| Autonomous community | Aragon |
| Province | Province of Huesca |
| Municipality | Sabiñánigo |
| Elevation | 834 m (2,736 ft) |
| Population | |
| Total | 8 |


title: My Love (horse)

abstract: My Love was a French Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. In a career that lasted from 1947 to 1948 he ran eight times and won three races. In the summer of 1948 he became the third French-trained horse to win The Derby and the fifth horse to win both the Derby and the Grand Prix de Paris. At the end of the season he was retired to stud but he had little success before or after being exported to Argentina in 1951.

text:
# My Love (horse)

**My Love** (1945after 1962) was a French Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. In a career that lasted from 1947 to 1948 he ran eight times and won three races. In the summer of 1948 he became the third French-trained horse to win The Derby and the fifth horse to win both the Derby and the Grand Prix de Paris. At the end of the season he was retired to stud but he had little success before or after being exported to Argentina in 1951.

## Background

My Love was bred in France by his original owner Leon Volterra, who later sold a half share in the colt to the Aga Khan. The colt was trained at Chantilly by Richard “Dick” Carver an Englishman whose family had been based in France for many years. Carver had never been to Epsom before My Love ran in the 1948 Derby.

My Love’s sire, Vatellor was a high class racehorse who won eight races in France including the race now called the Prix Jean Prat. He later became a successful stallion being Champion sire in France in 1956 and getting such notable performers as Pearl Diver, Nikellora (Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe) and Vattel (Grand Prix de Paris). My Love’s dam, For My Love was bred by Volterra and won two small races, but produced no other horses of importance.

## Racing career

### 1947: two-year-old season

My Love provided little evidence of potential as a two-year-old in 1948. He ran twice without winning, although he was beaten only a head on his debut.

### 1948: three-year-old season

In the spring of 1948, My Love ran in the major French middle-distance trial races (Poules des Produits). In April he finished second to Flush Royal in the Prix Noailles over 2200m at Longchamp and then finished third to Rigolo and Flush Royal in the Prix Greffulhe. At this point in the season, My Love was not considered a serious Derby contender and was available at odds of 100/1. On his next start on May 9 he was moved up in distance for the Prix Hocquart over 2400m and showed improved form, winning in "brilliant" style from Turmoil and Flush Royal. Shortly after the race the Aga Khan, reportedly acting on the advice of My Love’s Australian jockey Rae Johnstone, bought a half share in the colt for £15,000.

At Epsom My Love started at 100/9 (approximately 11/1) in a field of thirty-two runners, the largest since 1862. The 2000 Guineas winner My Babu started favourite at 7/2, in front of a crowd estimated at up to 1,000,000 which included the King and the Prime Minister. My Love was held up at the back of the field by Rae Johnstone in the early stages as Tory II made the running. Turning into the straight the French-trained Royal Drake overtook the leader and went clear. Johnstone switched My Love to the outside and the colt produced what was described as a "brilliant burst of speed" to catch Royal Drake well inside the final furlong and win by one and a half lengths with Noor (horse) four lengths further back in third. The second and third placed horses were owned by Volterra and the Aga Khan respectively. Third place finisher Noor would later ship to the United States, set several world time records, defeat the American Triple Crown winner Citation four times, and be elected to the U.S. Racing Hall of Fame.

At the end of June My Love returned to Longchamp for the Grand Prix de Paris, at that time the most valuable race in France ($16,800), for which he was made 2/1 favourite. As at Epsom, he was held up at the rear of the field in the early running before making a "terrific run" in the straight. He became the first horse since Spearmint in 1906 to complete the Derby-Grand Prix double, beating Flush Royal by a length with the Prix du Jockey Club winner Bey in third. In September attempted to complete a unique treble by adding the St Leger at Doncaster. He was strongly fancied in the build-up to the race, with Noor and the improving American-bred Black Tarquin being seen as his most serious rivals. My Love started favourite for a race which, with a prize of £15,368, was the most valuable ever run in Britain but finished unplaced behind Black Tarquin and Alycidon. My Love was then retired to stud.

## Assessment

In their book *A Century of Champions*, John Randall and Tony Morris rated My Love an “average” Derby winner.

## Stud career

My Love was based in France for his first three seasons at stud, but the foals he sired in Europe made little impact. He was sold to the Argentinian government in 1951, exported and auctioned in Buenos Aires where he fetched a sum of £46,250. The date of My Love’s death is not recorded, but his last foals would appear to have been conceived in either 1962 or 1963.

## Pedigree

Pedigree of My Love (FR), bay stallion, 1945
| Sire
Vatellor (FR)
1933 | Vatout
1926 | Prince Chimay | Chaucer |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Gallorette |
| | Vashti | Sans Souci |
| | Vaya |
| | Lady Elinor
1919 | **Teddy*** | Ajax |
| | | Rondeau |
| | Madame Royale | Tarquin |
| | Royal Abbess |
| Dam
For My Love (FR)
1936 | Amfortas
1927 | Ksar | Bruleur |
| | | Kizil Kourgan |
| | Persephone | **Teddy*** |
| | Persistent |
| | Najmi
1921 | Grand Parade | Orby |
| | | Grand Geraldine |
| | Chivalry | Amadis |
| | Far Nell (Family: 7-b) |

* My Love is inbred 3S x 4D to the stallion Teddy, meaning that he appears third generation on the sire side of his pedigree and fourth generation on the dam side of his pedigree.

## InfoBox

| My Love | |
| --- | --- |
| Sire | Vatellor |
| Grandsire | Vatout |
| Dam | For My Love |
| Damsire | Amfortas |
| Sex | Stallion |
| Foaled | 1945 |
| Country | France |
| Colour | Bay |
| Breeder | Leon Volterra |
| Owner | Leon Volterra
Aga Khan III |
| Trainer | Richard Carver |
| Record | 8: 3-2-1 |
| Earnings | £ |
| Major wins | |
| Prix Hocquart (1948)
Epsom Derby (1948)
Grand Prix de Paris (1948) | |


title: West Texas Express

abstract: Santa Fe passenger trains 93 and 96 operated between Amarillo and Lubbock, Texas. The westbound train was called the West Texas Express while its eastbound counterpart was known as the Eastern Express. For much of their careers they were stand-alone trains, operating without connecting cars at either end of the run. During the early part of the 1950s they were motor-trains, the equipment being articulated motor car M-190. In 1955, Train 96 was renumbered 94 and the trains became conventional locomotive-hauled operations. Between 1955 and 1965, Trains 93-94 consisted of a baggage car, one or more lightweight coaches and a Chicago-Lubbock sleeper that interchanged with the San Francisco Chief at Amarillo. Trains 93-94 were discontinued on June 19, 1965.

text:
# West Texas Express

Santa Fe passenger trains 93 and 96 operated between Amarillo and Lubbock, Texas. The westbound train was called the ***West Texas Express*** while its eastbound counterpart was known as the ***Eastern Express***. For much of their careers they were stand-alone trains, operating without connecting cars at either end of the run. During the early part of the 1950s they were motor-trains, the equipment being articulated motor car M-190. In 1955, Train 96 was renumbered 94 and the trains became conventional locomotive-hauled operations. Between 1955 and 1965, Trains 93-94 consisted of a baggage car, one or more lightweight coaches and a Chicago-Lubbock sleeper (either a 10-3-2 or a 6-6-4 car) that interchanged with the San Francisco Chief at Amarillo. Trains 93-94 were discontinued on June 19, 1965.

* Frailey, Fred (1974). *A Quarter Century of Santa Fe Consists*. RPC Publications. ASIN B0006CLB8W.

## InfoBox

| *West Texas Express* | |
| --- | --- |
| Overview | |
| Service type | Inter-city rail |
| Status | Discontinued |
| Locale | Texas |
| Last service | June 19, 1965 |
| Former operator(s) | Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway |
| Route | |
| Termini | Amarillo, Texas<br>Lubbock, Texas |


title: Pompeia (wife of Caesar)

abstract: Pompeia was either the second or third wife of Julius Caesar. Pompeia's parents were Quintus Pompeius Rufus, a son of a former consul, and Cornelia, the daughter of the Roman dictator Sulla. Caesar married Pompeia in 67 BC, after he had served as quaestor in Hispania, his first wife Cornelia having died in 69 BC. In 63 BC, Caesar was elected to the position of the Pontifex Maximus, the chief priest of the Roman state religion, which came with an official residence on the Via Sacra. In 62 BC, Pompeia hosted there the festival of the Bona Dea, which no man was permitted to attend. However, a young patrician named Publius Clodius Pulcher managed to gain admittance disguised as a woman, apparently for the purpose of seducing Pompeia. He was caught and prosecuted for sacrilege. Caesar gave no evidence against Clodius at his trial, and he was acquitted. Nevertheless, Caesar divorced Pompeia, saying that "my wife ought not even to be under suspicion". This gave rise to a proverb, "Caesar's wife must be above suspicion", meaning that if one is romantically involved with a famous or prominent figure, one must avoid attracting negative attention or scrutiny. Nothing specific is known about her life after the divorce, but it has been proposed that she may have married Publius Vatinius. Pompeia is depicted in various works of fiction including Robert Harris' Lustrum and Colleen McCullough's Masters of Rome series; in the Masters of Rome series, the theory that she remarried to Publius is depicted.

text:
# Pompeia (wife of Caesar)

**Pompeia** (*fl.* 1st century BC) was either the second or third wife of Julius Caesar. Pompeia's parents were Quintus Pompeius Rufus, a son of a former consul, and Cornelia, the daughter of the Roman dictator Sulla. Caesar married Pompeia in 67 BC, after he had served as quaestor in Hispania, his first wife Cornelia having died in 69 BC.

In 63 BC, Caesar was elected to the position of the Pontifex Maximus, the chief priest of the Roman state religion, which came with an official residence on the *Via Sacra*. In 62 BC, Pompeia hosted there the festival of the Bona Dea ("good goddess"), which no man was permitted to attend. However, a young patrician named Publius Clodius Pulcher managed to gain admittance disguised as a woman, apparently for the purpose of seducing Pompeia. He was caught and prosecuted for sacrilege. Caesar gave no evidence against Clodius at his trial, and he was acquitted. Nevertheless, Caesar divorced Pompeia, saying that "my wife ought not even to be under suspicion". This gave rise to a proverb, "Caesar's wife must be above suspicion", meaning that if one is romantically involved with a famous or prominent figure, one must avoid attracting negative attention or scrutiny.

Nothing specific is known about her life after the divorce, but it has been proposed that she may have married Publius Vatinius. Pompeia is depicted in various works of fiction including Robert Harris' *Lustrum* and Colleen McCullough's *Masters of Rome* series; in the *Masters of Rome* series, the theory that she remarried to Publius is depicted.

1. Simon Hornblower, Antony Spawforth- E.A. (edd), Oxford Classical Dictionary, Oxford University Press, 2003- | 1214.
2. Plutarch, *Caesar* ; Suetonius, *Julius* 13 Archived 2012-05-30 at archive.today, 46
3. Cicero, *Letters to Atticus* 1.13; Plutarch, *Caesar* 9-10; Cassius Dio, *Roman History* 37.45; Suetonius, *Julius* 6.2 Archived 2012-05-30 at archive.today
4. Caesar, Gaius Julius Archived 2013-11-22 at the Wayback Machine, *Historia*, KET Distance Learning.
5. Like Caesar's wife, a politician should be above suspicion, *The Independent*, March 23, 2001
6. "Caesar's wife must be above suspicion". *Farlex Dictionary of Idioms*. Farlex, Inc. 2015.
7. *American Journal of Ancient History*. Vol. 1–3. Harvard University. 1976. p. 14.

## InfoBox

| Pompeia | |
| --- | --- |
| Pompeia from *Promptuarium Iconum Insigniorum* | |
| Born | Rome |
| Died | Rome |
| Known for | The second or third wife of Julius Caesar |
| Spouse(s) | Julius Caesar (67–62 BC; divorced) |
| Parents |  |


title: Treason (1917 film)

abstract: Treason is a lost 1917 silent film war-drama directed by and starring Allen Holubar and costarring Lois Wilson and Dorothy Davenport. It was produced by Bluebird Photoplays and distributed by them through Universal Film Manufacturing Company.

text:
# Treason (1917 film)

***Treason*** is a lost 1917 silent film war-drama directed by and starring Allen Holubar and costarring Lois Wilson and Dorothy Davenport. It was produced by Bluebird Photoplays and distributed by them through Universal Film Manufacturing Company.

## Cast

## InfoBox

| Treason | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Allen Holubar |
| Written by | Robert Lee Weigert (story & screenplay) |
| Produced by | Bluebird Photoplays |
| Starring | Allen Holubar
Lois Wilson
Dorothy Davenport |
| Cinematography | Roy H. Klaffki |
| Production
company | Bluebird Photoplays |
| Distributed by | Universal Pictures |
| Release date | * May 14, 1917 (1917-05-14) |
| Running time | 5 reels |
| Country | United States |
| Language | Silent..English titles |


title: Prospekt Nauki

abstract: Prospekt Nauki is a Russian publisher of reference, technical and scientific literature as well as text books for specialists and students. Based in St. Petersburg, the private-owned company publishes in the areas of microbiology, biotechnology, food science, nutrition technology, medical engineering, construction materials and environmental management. Prospekt Nauki took its name - it means "Science Avenue" in Russian - from the practice prevalent in Russian during the Soviet time to name streets in newly built parts of cities after the goals of communism. Although the publishing house was founded after the collapse of communism, the founders decided to take this name to echo the science books they were setting out to publish.

text:
# Prospekt Nauki

**Prospekt Nauki** (in Russian Проспект Науки) is a Russian publisher of reference, technical and scientific literature as well as text books for specialists and students.

Based in St. Petersburg, the private-owned company publishes in the areas of microbiology, biotechnology, food science, nutrition technology, medical engineering, construction materials and environmental management.

Prospekt Nauki took its name - it means "Science Avenue" in Russian - from the practice prevalent in Russian during the Soviet time to name streets in newly built parts of cities after the goals of communism. Although the publishing house was founded after the collapse of communism, the founders decided to take this name to echo the science books they were setting out to publish.