title: W. C. Beattie House

abstract: The W. C. Beattie House is a historic house located at 289 West Brittania Street in Taunton, Massachusetts.

text:
# W. C. Beattie House

The **W. C. Beattie House** is a historic house located at 289 West Brittania Street in Taunton, Massachusetts.

## Description and history

The house was built in 1882 for W. C. Beattie, a designer at Reed & Barton. It is among the best extant examples of a large-scale builder-produced Queen Anne residence in the city. The 2+12-story building has a hipped-roof projecting, gable sections, and porch with a decorated gabled portico.

The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 5, 1984.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| W. C. Beattie House | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| 289 W. Brittania Street | |
|  | |
| Location | 289 W. Brittania St.,<br>Taunton, Massachusetts |
| Coordinates | 41°55′7″N 71°6′24″W / 41.91861°N 71.10667°W / 41.91861; -71.10667 |
| Built | 1882 |
| Architectural style | Queen Anne |
| MPS | Taunton MRA |
| NRHP reference No. | 84002092 |
| Added to NRHP | July 5, 1984 |


title: W. M. Gorman

abstract: William Moore "Terence" Gorman was an Irish economist and academic. He was predominantly a theorist and is most famous for his work on aggregation and separability of goods, and in this context he developed his famous Gorman polar form. Gorman's career saw him teach at University of Birmingham, Oxford, and the London School of Economics. He was honoured with the Presidency of the Econometric Society in 1972. His work was often highly technical and theoretical in nature, which made him incomprehensible to many of his contemporaries, but his keen eye for applications has given his work a lasting influence on modern economics.

text:
# W. M. Gorman

**William Moore "Terence" Gorman** (17 June 1923 – 12 January 2003) was an Irish economist and academic. He was predominantly a theorist and is most famous for his work on aggregation and separability of goods, and in this context he developed his famous Gorman polar form. Gorman's career saw him teach at University of Birmingham, Oxford, and the London School of Economics. He was honoured with the Presidency of the Econometric Society in 1972. His work was often highly technical and theoretical in nature, which made him incomprehensible to many of his contemporaries, but his keen eye for applications has given his work a lasting influence on modern economics.

## Early life

Gorman was born in Kesh in County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland, on 17 June 1923. He spent his early childhood in Lusaka, Rhodesia, where his African nanny called him Terence, saying that William was not a proper Irish name; he was subsequently known as Terence, or 'Terry', throughout his life. After his father was shot dead when Gorman was only four years old, he returned with his mother and her staff to her family estate in County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland, where he was brought up.

He attended Mount Temple School in Rathgar, and Foyle College in Derry before moving on to Trinity College Dublin, in 1941, where he was elected a Scholar in mathematics in 1943. From 1943 to 1946, he interrupted his studies to serve in the Royal Navy as a rating and then petty officer, before returning to graduate in 1948 in economics and in 1949 in mathematics. While at Trinity, he met his future wife, Dorinda. Gorman was highly influenced by Trinity Professor George A. Duncan, as well as by Professor James Davidson at Foyle College.

## Academic career

He began his academic career at the University of Birmingham in England, where he taught from 1949 to 1962. Birmingham, at that time, was a leading centre for theoretical research, employing professors including Frank Hahn, and Maurice McManus. It was during this period that what is now called Gorman polar form was rigorously introduced in an article entitled, "On a class of preference fields," published in the journal Metroeconomica, in August 1961.

After Birmingham, he held the chair of economics at Oxford from 1962, and subsequently the chair at the London School of Economics in 1967, where he introduced an American-style mathematical economics programme. He was a fellow of Nuffield College at Oxford from 1979, a senior research fellow in 1984 and an emeritus fellow in 1990. He also spent some time in the United States as a visiting fellow, when he was engaged in research at the Iowa, Johns Hopkins, the North Carolina, and at Stanford.

After retirement, he continued to live in Oxford, although he spent his summers in County Cork, until in his last years illness impaired his mobility.

## Approach to economics

Gorman credited his early education at Foyle College and Trinity College Dublin for teaching him "to think of mathematics and economics as styles of thought, not collections of theorems," and his experience at Birmingham taught him "to think of the social sciences as a unity with history as one way of holding them together". With this foundation, Gorman's theory was based both in empirical research and on the opinions and views of social scientists. Above all, however, Gorman was a mathematically talented economist, and his penchant for inter-disciplinarianism was only present in as much as that diversity presented him with tools to use or develop to explore the links between individual preferences and market behaviour.

## Awards, honors and honorary positions

## The Gorman Lectures

The Gorman Lectures in Economics, named after W. M. Gorman, is an annual event that takes place at the Department of Economics of University College London. The lectures are not confined to any sub-discipline of economics, and they are usually developed into a book, published by co-sponsor, Princeton University Press. The first lectures were delivered by the Nobel Laureate Professor James Heckman of Chicago University in December 2001. Avinash Dixit delivered the lectures in 2003. Robert M. Townsend of MIT delivered them in 2010. The 2011 lecture was given by Jerry Hausman of MIT and the 2013 lecture by Pierre-Andre Chiappori of Columbia.

## Resources

* *On a class of preference fields,* Metroeconomica, 13, August 1961, 53–56.
* "Probably the greatest Irish economist of his generation". *www.irishtimes.com*. Irish Times. 1 February 2003. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
* Besley, Tim; Blackorby, Charles; Blundell, Richard (31 January 2003). "Terence Gorman". *The Guardian*. Retrieved 16 January 2022.

## InfoBox

| W. M. Gorman | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1923-06-17)17 June 1923
Kesh, Northern Ireland |
| Died | 12 January 2003(2003-01-12) (aged 79)
Oxford, England |
|  | |
| Academic career | |
| Institution | Stanford University
Johns Hopkins University
London School of Economics
University of Oxford
University of Birmingham |
| Alma mater | Trinity College Dublin |
| Doctoral
advisor | George Alexander Duncan |
| Doctoral
students | Edwin Mills
Martin Feldstein
Tim Besley
Stephen Nickell
Anthony Shorrocks
James M. Poterba |
|  | |


title: WEBT

abstract: WEBT is a radio station licensed to serve Langdale, Alabama, United States. The station is owned by the Langdale Educational Broadcasting Foundation. It airs a Christian radio format. The station is run by members of Emmanuel Baptist Temple of Valley, Alabama. The station was assigned the WEBT call letters by the Federal Communications Commission on April 8, 1985.

text:
# WEBT

**WEBT** (91.5 FM) is a radio station licensed to serve Langdale, Alabama, United States. The station is owned by the Langdale Educational Broadcasting Foundation. It airs a Christian radio format. The station is run by members of Emmanuel Baptist Temple of Valley, Alabama.

The station was assigned the WEBT call letters by the Federal Communications Commission on April 8, 1985.

## InfoBox

WEBT
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Broadcast area | Valley, Alabama |
| Frequency | 91.5 MHz |
| Programming | |
| Format | Christian |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Langdale Educational Broadcasting Foundation |
| History | |
| First air date | 1986 |
| Call sign meaning | **E**mmanuel **B**aptist **T**emple |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 36527 |
| Class | A |
| ERP | 3,800 watts |
| HAAT | 26 meters (85 feet) |
| Transmitter coordinates | 32°48′15″N 85°10′43″W / 32.80417°N 85.17861°W / 32.80417; -85.17861 |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Webcast | http://s36.myradiostream.com:4352/ |
| Website | http://www.webtvalley.com/ |


title: Vudhijaya Chalermlabha

abstract: Admiral Prince Vudhijaya Chalermlabh, Prince of Singha was a member of Chakri Dynasty. He served as Minister of Defence and commander of Royal Thai Army between 1931 and 1932. Before then he served as the Minister of the Navy of Royal Thai Navy between 1924 and 1932. He had trained in the British Royal Navy and was serving as a midshipman in the Mediterranean when in April 1904 he was rescued from drowning off the coast of Sardinia by the efforts of Captain Christopher Cradock of HMS Bacchante.

text:
# Vudhijaya Chalermlabha

Admiral Prince **Vudhijaya Chalermlabh, Prince of Singha** (5 December 1883  18 October, 1947) was a member of Chakri Dynasty. He served as Minister of Defence and commander of Royal Thai Army between 1931 and 1932. Before then he served as the Minister of the Navy of Royal Thai Navy between 1924 and 1932.

He had trained in the British Royal Navy and was serving as a midshipman in the Mediterranean when in April 1904 he was rescued from drowning off the coast of Sardinia by the efforts of Captain Christopher Cradock of HMS *Bacchante*.

## Ancestry

**Ancestor of Chirapravati Voradej**
|
|  |
| **Prince Vudhijaya Chalermlabha** | **Father:**
Chulalongkorn, King Rama V of Siam | **Paternal Grandfather:**
Mongkut, King Rama IV of Siam | **Paternal Great-grandfather:**
Buddha Loetla Nabhalai, King Rama II of Siam |
| | | | **Paternal Great-grandmother:**
Queen Sri Suriyendra |
| | | **Paternal Grandmother:**
Queen Debsirindra | **Paternal Great-grandfather:**
Prince Sirivongse, the Prince Matayabidaksa |
| | | **Paternal Great-grandmother:**
Mom Noi Sirivongs na Ayudhya |
| | **Mother:**
Chao Chom Manda Tabtim Rojanadis | **Maternal Grandfather:**
Phraya Abbhantrikamas | **Maternal Great-grandfather:**
unknown |
| | | **Maternal Great-grandmother:**
unknown |
| | **Maternal Grandmother:**
Bang Rojanadis | **Maternal Great-grandfather:**
unknown |
| | **Maternal Great-grandmother:**
unknown |

* Finestone, Jeffrey (1989). *Čhulālongkō̜n rātchasantatiwong: phrabō̜rommarātchawong hǣng Prathēt Thai*. Phitsanulōk Kānphim.

## InfoBox

| Vudhijaya Chalermlabha
วุฒิชัยเฉลิมลาภ | |
| --- | --- |
| *Prince of Singha* | |
| HRH Prince of Singha | |
| Minister of Defence | |
| In office | 8 November 1931 – 19 June 1932 |
| Predecessor | Boworadej |
| Successor | Phraya Ratchawangsana |
| Minister of the Royal Siamese Navy | |
| In office | 13 February 1924  – 30 June 1932 |
| Predecessor | Asdang Dejavudh
as the naval regent |
| Successor | Phraya Preechacholayudha
as the commander-in-chief |
|  | |
| Born | 5 December 1883
Bangkok, Siam |
| Died | 18 October 1947 (aged 64)
Bangkok, Siam |
| Spouse | Princess Prombraobarn Diskul
Prapan Chatarung |
| Issue | Prince Songvudhijaya Vudhijaya
Prince Udayachalermlabh Vudhijaya
Princess Suvabavabraobarn Vudhijaya
Princess To Vudhijaya
Prince Pho Vudhijaya
Prince Kraisingha Vudhijaya
Princess Vudhisavad Vudhijaya
Princess Vudhichalerm Vudhijaya
Princess Vudhividura Vudhijaya |
| Names  HRH Prince Vudhijaya Chalermlabha | |
| House | Vudhijaya family (Chakri Dynasty) |
| Father | Chulalongkorn (Rama V) |
| Mother | Tabtim Rojanatisha |


title: W.L.O. Sekai Renai Kikō

abstract: W.L.O. Sekai Renai Kikō is a Japanese adult visual novel developed and published by Akabeisoft2 on March 26, 2009. The game was ported to Xbox 360 by 5pb. on June 3, 2010. The Xbox 360 version removed sexual content, but the graphics were increased to 1280x720 resolution and 5.1 surround sound was added. The gameplay in W.L.O. Sekai Renai Kikō is typical of a visual novel, following a plotline which offers pre-determined scenarios with courses of interaction. A fandisc, W.L.O. Sekai Renai Kikō L.L.S. -Love Love Show- was released for PC on September 24, 2009.

text:
# W.L.O. Sekai Renai Kikō

***W.L.O. Sekai Renai Kikō*** (W.L.O.世界恋愛機構, officially translated into English as *World Love Organization*) is a Japanese adult visual novel developed and published by Akabeisoft2 on March 26, 2009. The game was ported to Xbox 360 by 5pb. on June 3, 2010. The Xbox 360 version removed sexual content, but the graphics were increased to 1280x720 resolution and 5.1 surround sound was added. The gameplay in *W.L.O. Sekai Renai Kikō* is typical of a visual novel, following a plotline which offers pre-determined scenarios with courses of interaction.

A fandisc, *W.L.O. Sekai Renai Kikō L.L.S. -Love Love Show-* was released for PC on September 24, 2009.

## Gameplay

Much of the gameplay requires little interaction from the player as the majority of the time is spent reading the text that appears on the game's screen. The text being displayed represents the thoughts of the characters or the dialogue between them. The player is occasionally presented with choices to determine the direction of the game. Depending on what is chosen, the plot may progress in a specific direction. The PC version contains scenes of the protagonist having sex with the heroines, but these were removed for the console version.

## Music

The PC version's opening theme song is *Love Paradise* (ラブパラダイス), sung by Rekka Katakiri, composed by bassy, and with lyrics by wight. The Xbox 360 version's opening theme song *Watashi LOVE na Otome!* (ワタシ☆LOVEな☆オトメ！), by the group Afilia Saga East, was released as a CD single on April 28, 2010.

## Reception

*W.L.O. Sekai Renai Kikō* won the gold prize in the character design category in the 2009 Moe Game Awards. It was Getchu's 22nd best selling game of 2009, and the fandisc was the 44th best-selling.

## InfoBox

| W.L.O. Sekai Renai Kikō | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Developer(s) | Akabeisoft2 |
| Publisher(s) | 5pb., Akabeisoft2 (Xbox 360) |
| Platform(s) | Windows, Xbox 360 |
| Release | * JP: March 26, 2009 * JP: June 3, 2010 (Xbox 360) |
| Genre(s) | Visual novel |
| Mode(s) | Single-player |


title: Vunakanau Airfield

abstract: Vunakanau Airfield was an aerodrome located near Vunakanau, East New Britain, Papua New Guinea. The airfield was constructed as a Royal Australian Air Force aerodrome and consisted of an unpaved single runway during World War II. The airfield was captured during the battle of Rabaul in 1942 by the Imperial Japanese and was extensively modified and expanded. Vunakanau was later neutralized by Allied air bombing in May 1944. The airfield was utilised as an emergency landing strip for Rabaul until 1983, however it was no longer needed when the new Rabaul Airport was built at Tokua. The runways are now overgrown.

text:
# Vunakanau Airfield

4°19′37″S 152°07′58″E / 4.32694°S 152.13278°E / -4.32694; 152.13278 **Vunakanau Airfield** was an aerodrome located near Vunakanau, East New Britain, Papua New Guinea. The airfield was constructed as a Royal Australian Air Force aerodrome and consisted of an unpaved single runway during World War II. The airfield was captured during the battle of Rabaul in 1942 by the Imperial Japanese and was extensively modified and expanded. Vunakanau was later neutralized by Allied air bombing in May 1944.

The airfield was utilised as an emergency landing strip for Rabaul (former airport) until 1983, however it was no longer needed when the new Rabaul Airport was built at Tokua. The runways are now overgrown.

## Allied Units based at Vunakanau Airfield

## Japanese Units based at Vunakanau Airfield

* Sakaida, Henry (1996). *The Siege of Rabaul*. St. Paul, MN, USA: Phalanx. ISBN 1-883809-09-6.
* Gamble, Bruce (2006). *Darkest Hour: The True Story of Lark Force at Rabaul*. St. Paul, Minnesota: Zenith Imprint. ISBN 0-7603-2349-6.


title: Vun Van

abstract: Van Vun is a Cambodian para-athlete specializing in the 100 metres. He represented Cambodia at three Summer Paralympics in 2016, 2020 and 2024.

text:
# Vun Van

**Van Vun** (born 7 February 1986) is a Cambodian para-athlete specializing in the 100 metres. He represented Cambodia at three Summer Paralympics in 2016, 2020 and 2024.

## Early life

Van became paralysed in both legs at age 3 after contracting Polio due to a lack of vaccination in rural Cambodia. Born into a farming family, they were unable to afford a wheelchair for him and he was forced to drop out of school in Year 5. He was often discriminated against because of his disability. He only began wheelchair racing in 2006 at 20 after being introduced to the sport by an Australian organisation. In 2010, he was invited to train in Australia and was gifted a racing chair after which he took up the sport seriously.

## Career

At this first international event, would win silver at the 2011 ASEAN Para Games in the 100 and 200 metres. He would continue his form, winning Gold in the 100, 200 and 400 metres at the 2013 Myanmar Games, being awarded $30,000 by the Cambodian Government for his achievements.

He won Bronze at 2015 ASEAN Para Games, before being selected as Cambodia's sole representative at the 2016, acting as the flag bearer and finishing 15th in the 100 m T54.

Van was again the sole representative and flag bearer at the 2020 and 2024 Summer Paralympics, making the final of the 100 m T54 and finishing 7th in 2020.

## InfoBox

Van Vun
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | Cambodian |
| Born | (1986-02-07) 7 February 1986 |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Para-athletics |
| Disability class | T54 |
| Event | 100 metres |
| Medal record      Para-athletics  Representing  Cambodia  ASEAN Para Games   2011 Surakarta  T53 100 metres  2011 Surakarta  T53 200 metres  2015 Singapore  T53 100 metres | |


title: Vrdolje

abstract: Vrdolje is a village in the municipality of Konjic, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

text:
# Vrdolje

**Vrdolje** (Cyrillic: Врдоље) is a village in the municipality of Konjic, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## Demographics

According to the 2013 census, its population was 72.

Ethnicity in 2013
| Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Bosniaks | 71 | 98.6% |
| other/undeclared | 1 | 1.4% |
| **Total** | **72** | **100%** |

## InfoBox

| Vrdolje Врдоље | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Vrdolje | |
| Coordinates: 43°39′N 18°03′E / 43.650°N 18.050°E / 43.650; 18.050 | |
| Country | Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Entity | Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Canton | Herzegovina-Neretva |
| Municipality | Konjic |
| Area | |
| Total | 4.89 sq mi (12.66 km2) |
| Population (2013) | |
| Total | 72 |
| Density | 15/sq mi (5.7/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: WJDY

abstract: WJDY is a radio station broadcasting a news/talk format. It is licensed to Salisbury, Maryland, United States, and owned by iHeartMedia, Inc. WJDY is identified on-air as Newsradio 1470, with Fox News Radio updates at the top and bottom of each hour. On March 1, 1999, WJDY became an affiliate of Radio Disney. The station used to broadcast Bloomberg Radio, a sports format under the Fox Sports Radio network, a news/talk format using the CNN Headline News service and before that, it was adult standards.

text:
# WJDY

**WJDY** (1470 AM) is a radio station broadcasting a news/talk format. It is licensed to Salisbury, Maryland, United States, and owned by iHeartMedia, Inc. WJDY is identified on-air as Newsradio 1470, with Fox News Radio updates at the top and bottom of each hour.

On March 1, 1999, WJDY became an affiliate of Radio Disney.

The station used to broadcast Bloomberg Radio, a sports format under the Fox Sports Radio network, a news/talk format using the CNN Headline News service and before that, it was adult standards.

## InfoBox

WJDY
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Broadcast area | Salisbury-Ocean City |
| Frequency | 1470 kHz |
| Branding | *Newsradio 1470 WJDY* |
| Programming | |
| Format | News/talk |
| Affiliations |  |
| Ownership | |
| Owner |  |
| Sister stations | WKZP, WQHQ, WSBY-FM, WTGM, WWFG |
| History | |
| First air date | March 14, 1958 (1958-03-14) |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 13672 |
| Class | D |
| Power | * 5,000 watts day * 43 watts night |
| Transmitter coordinates | 38°23′30.00″N 75°38′48.00″W / 38.3916667°N 75.6466667°W / 38.3916667; -75.6466667 |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Webcast | Listen live (via iHeartRadio) |
| Website | newsradio1470.iheart.com |


title: Västra Nöbbelöv Runestone

abstract: The Västra Nöbbelöv Runestone, listed as DR 278 in the Rundata catalog, is a Viking Age memorial runestone located in Västra Nöbbelöv, which is about 3 kilometers east of Skivarp, Skåne County, Sweden, and was in the historic province of Scania.

text:
# Västra Nöbbelöv Runestone

The **Västra Nöbbelöv Runestone**, listed as **DR 278** in the Rundata catalog, is a Viking Age memorial runestone located in Västra Nöbbelöv, which is about 3 kilometers east of Skivarp, Skåne County, Sweden, and was in the historic province of Scania.

## Description

The inscription on the Västra Nöbbelöv Runestone consists of runic text in the younger futhark within a single text band that runs up the stone, arches over, and then goes to the ground. The inscription is classified as being carved in runestone style RAK, which is the oldest style. This is the classification for runic text where the text bands have straight ends and without any attached beast or serpent heads. The runestone, which is 2.3 meters in height, was discovered around 1745 split into two pieces at a rectory, and has been repaired and raised on the church grounds.

The runic text states that the stone was raised by Tóki in memory of his brother Auðgi. The name Auðgi is given some prominence in the inscription with its placement at the top of the arch in the runic text. The text describes the deceased man Auðgi as being "a very good thegn" or "þegn," with the runes for thegn no longer readable on the stone. The term thegn was used in the late Viking Age in Sweden and Denmark to describe a class of retainer. About fifty memorial runestones described the deceased as being a thegn. Of these, the runic text on sixteen other runestones uses the same Old Norse phrase *harða goðan þegn* or "a very good Þegn," including Vg 59 in Norra Härene, Vg 62 in Ballstorp, Vg 102 in Håle gamla, Vg 113 in Lärkegape, Vg 115 in Stora Västölet, Vg 151 in Eggvena, Vg NOR1997;27 in Hols, DR 86 in Langå, DR 106 in Ørum, DR 115 in Randers, DR 121 in Asferg, DR 123 in Glenstrup, DR 130 in Giver, DR 213 in Skovlænge, DR 294 in Baldringe, and DR 343 in Östra Herrestads. In addition, four inscriptions use a different word order, *þegn harða goðan*, including Vg 74 in Skolgården, Vg 152 in Håkansgården, Vg 157 in Storegården, and Vg 158 in Fänneslunda.

The stone is known locally as the *Västra Nöbbelövstenen*. It has been given a Danish Rundata listing as Scania was part of the historic Denmark.

## Inscription

:

tuki

Tóki

Toki

:

risþi

reisti

resþi

:

stin

stein

sten

:

þainsi

þenna

þænsi

:

iftiʀ

eptir

æftiʀ

:

auþka

Auðga,

Øþga,

:

bruþur

bróður

broþur

:

sin

sinn,

sin,

:

harþa

harða

harþa

:

kuþan

góðan

goþan

:

----

\[þegn\].

\[þægn\].

: tuki : risþi : stin : þainsi : iftiʀ : auþka : bruþur : sin : harþa : kuþan : ¶ ----

{} Tóki {} reisti {} stein {} þenna {} eptir {} Auðga, {} bróður {} sinn, {} harða {} góðan {} {} \[þegn\].

{} Toki {} resþi {} sten {} þænsi {} æftiʀ {} Øþga, {} broþur {} sin, {} harþa {} goþan {} {} \[þægn\].

Tóki raised this stone in memory of Auðgi, his brother, a very good \[þegn\].


title: Västra Karaby

abstract: Västra Karaby is a locality situated in Kävlinge Municipality, Skåne County, Sweden with 229 inhabitants in 2010.

text:
# Västra Karaby

**Västra Karaby** is a locality situated in Kävlinge Municipality, Skåne County, Sweden with 229 inhabitants in 2010.

## InfoBox

| Västra Karaby | |
| --- | --- |
| Västra Karaby Church | |
| Västra KarabyVästra Karaby | |
| Coordinates: 55°48′45″N 13°03′10″E / 55.81250°N 13.05278°E / 55.81250; 13.05278 | |
| Country | Sweden |
| Province | Skåne |
| County | Skåne County |
| Municipality | Kävlinge Municipality |
| Area | |
| Total | 0.49 km2 (0.19 sq mi) |
| Population (31 December 2010) | |
| Total | 229 |
| Density | 468/km2 (1,210/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: Väneko

abstract: The Väneko is an endangered Swedish breed of dairy cattle. It is named for the village of Väne-Ryr in the landskap of Västergötland, in western Sweden. It is a traditional domestic Swedish breed, and derives from a group of cattle discovered in the 1990s, at a time when all traditional Swedish horned cattle were thought to have disappeared.

text:
# Väneko

The **Väneko** is an endangered Swedish breed of dairy cattle. It is named for the village of Väne-Ryr in the landskap of Västergötland, in western Sweden. It is a traditional domestic Swedish breed, and derives from a group of cattle discovered in the 1990s, at a time when all traditional Swedish horned cattle were thought to have disappeared.

## History

The Väneko is a traditional domestic Swedish breed. It is named for the village of Väne-Ryr in the Vänersborg Municipality of Västra Götaland, in the landskap of Västergötland in western Sweden.

It derives from a group of cattle discovered in the 1990s, at a time when all traditional Swedish horned cattle were thought to have disappeared. There is a programme of recovery and conservation of the breed. A herd-book for the breed was established in 1993.

The Väneko is grouped with two other endangered indigenous cattle breeds, the Ringamålako and the Bohuskulla, as Allmogekor, or roughly "Swedish native cattle". Conservation and registration of these populations is managed by a society, the Föreningen Allmogekon.

In 2014 the total Väneko population was reported to be 190.

## Characteristics

The coat of the Väneko is multi-coloured, black or red, sometimes with white; the cattle may be solid-coloured, red or black pied, or colour-sided. Bulls weigh approximately 775 kg, cows about 525 kg.

## Use

The Väneko is a dairy breed, kept principally for its milk; it is, however, not very productive. The only breeding aim is preservation of the breed without contamination from other breeds. It is maintained for social and cultural reasons, and may be used in vegetation management.

## InfoBox

Väneko
| Cow and bull in the Skånes Djurpark, Höör, Skåne | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | FAO (2007): endangered-maintained |
| Country of origin | Sweden |
| Use | milk |
| Traits | |
| Weight | * Male: 775 kg * Female: 525 kg |
| Coat | black, red and white |
| Horn status | horned in both sexes |
| * Cattle * *Bos (primigenius) taurus* | |


title: WLXI

abstract: WLXI is a television station licensed to Greensboro, North Carolina, United States, owned and operated by and broadcasting Tri-State Christian Television (TCT). WLXI shares a transmitter on Sauratown Mountain with WUNL-TV; the signal reaches the entire Piedmont Triad area. Programs are fed to the transmitter from the TCT studio center in Marion, Illinois; WLXI maintained studios on Patterson Street in Greensboro until TCT ended local operations nationally in June 2018. WLXI went on the air in 1984 and originally aired music videos. This lasted for under 18 months until converting to religious programming.

text:
# WLXI

**WLXI** (channel 43) is a television station licensed to Greensboro, North Carolina, United States, owned and operated by and broadcasting Tri-State Christian Television (TCT). WLXI shares a transmitter on Sauratown Mountain with WUNL-TV; the signal reaches the entire Piedmont Triad area. Programs are fed to the transmitter from the TCT studio center in Marion, Illinois; WLXI maintained studios on Patterson Street in Greensboro until TCT ended local operations nationally in June 2018.

WLXI went on the air in 1984 and originally aired music videos. This lasted for under 18 months until converting to religious programming.

## History

UHF channel 61 was first assigned to Greensboro in the 1960s, but no application was made for it until 1979, when Consolidated Broadcasting Corporation filed with the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), to build it. It originally proposed a low-power facility operating on the former tower of WFMY-TV. Consolidated's principals included Eugene Johnston, a Greensboro attorney, and two lawyers from Winston-Salem. The FCC granted the construction permit on July 28, 1981, but before going on air, Johnston exited most of his share in the business as a result of having been elected to Congress in 1980. At that time, it was hoped that WLXI would be in service by midyear from a tower used by WQMG and studios that a decade earlier had housed WUBC (channel 48), a short-lived UHF outlet.

However, it would be another two years, as Consolidated opted instead to build studios near Kernersville. By February 1983, Consolidated had decided instead to format the station as an all-music video outlet. Under this format, WLXI began broadcasting on March 5, 1984, with an airstaff of local video jockeys (VJs); the first program manager left within a week of signing on. Despite difficulties attracting advertisers to the format and turnover of the entire initial staff (including on-air and sales employees), ownership claimed to have found stable footing by November. A stunt in which the station played "This is the Life" by "Weird Al" Yankovic for 18 straight hours attracted national press attention.

This was not enough to save the station's format as Billy Satterfield of Winston-Salem took over ownership. On July 1, VJ Todd Yohn walked off the job after playing "Take This Job and Shove It" by Johnny Paycheck after hearing rumors that WLXI had been sold; these rumors suggested a religious broadcaster would be channel 61's new operator. Another VJ resigned the next day, with Jay Johnson telling viewers he was leaving "because I feel like the station won't exist very much longer". WLXI experienced no further staff changes for the rest of July, but on August 1, another VJ and a receptionist were fired by Satterfield. VJ Erin Spencer told the *News & Record* that Satterfield said to her, "You shouldn't be doing this. It's the devil's work. Think of those 7- and 8-year-olds who are watching and being influenced. Video music is the work of the devil."

The next day, Satterfield confirmed the station would switch to Christian programming in a gradual manner and that he had met with executives of the Trinity Broadcasting Network (TBN). TBN then bought WLXI from Satterfield for $300,000 and a $1.4 million loan to cover station debts. The full conversion to TBN programming took place in September 1985 ahead of the network closing on the sale in February.

In 1989, TBN put WLXI and KNAT-TV in Albuquerque, New Mexico, up for sale; one possible reason was that cable systems in the area had dropped WLXI in 1986 for not having a measurable audience. Two years later, it sold WLXI to Tri-State Christian Television of Marion, Illinois, for $1.9 million, giving TCT its first station in the South. In April 2007, TCT pulled TBN programming from its stations in favor of programming supplied by the company.

From 1993 to 2009, WLXI's signal was relayed on low-power translator station W18BG (channel 18, now WMDV-LD) in Danville, Virginia. In June 2009, that station was sold to the Star News Corporation (owners of WGSR-LD in that market) and stopped rebroadcasting WLXI's programming.

At the end of June 2018, TCT closed WLXI's local studio and ended its local programming with the FCC's repeal of the Main Studio Rule, and the station from then on would be programmed through TCT's default national schedule.

## Technical information

### Subchannel

WLXI is broadcast as one subchannel on the shared multiplex.

Subchannels of WUNC-TV/WUNL-TV and WRAY-TV/WLXI
| License | Channel | Res. | Aspect | Short name | Programming |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| WUNC-TV/WUNL-TV | 4.1/26.1 | 1080i | 16:9 | PBS NC | PBS |
| | | 4.2/26.2 | 480i | ROOTLE | PBS Kids Channel |
| | | 4.3/26.3 | UNC-EX | The Explorer Channel |
| | | 4.4/26.4 | NCCHL | The North Carolina Channel |
| WRAY-TV/WLXI | | 30.1/43.1 | 1080i | WRAY/WLXI | TCT |

### Analog-to-digital conversion

WLXI shut down its analog signal on June 12, 2009, as part of the FCC-mandated transition to digital television for full-power stations. The station then adopted channel 43 as its virtual channel instead of 61.

## InfoBox

WLXI
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| City | Greensboro, North Carolina |
| Channels |  |
| Programming | |
| Affiliations | **43.1:** TCT |
| Ownership | |
| Owner |  |
| History | |
| First air date | March 5, 1984 (1984-03-05) |
| Former channel number(s) | * **Analog:** 61 (UHF, 1984–2009) * **Digital:** 43 (UHF, until 2018), 25 (UHF, 2018–2019), 20 (UHF, 2019–2023) |
| Former affiliations |  |
| Call sign meaning | "LXI" = Roman numeral 61 (former analog channel) |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 54452 |
| ERP | 1,000 kW |
| HAAT | 500 m (1,640 ft) |
| Transmitter coordinates | 36°22′31.7″N 80°22′17.5″W / 36.375472°N 80.371528°W / 36.375472; -80.371528 |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Website | www.tct.tv |


title: WELL-FM

abstract: WELL-FM is a radio station licensed to serve Waverly, Alabama, United States. The station is owned by Alabama Christian Radio and the broadcast license is held by Alabama Christian Radio, Inc. It airs a Contemporary Christian music format. The station was assigned the WELL-FM call letters by the Federal Communications Commission on August 22, 1997. The WELL-FM calls were used for many years at the station on 104.9 FM in Marshall, Michigan, now known as WBXX, and previous to that on the station now known as WKFR in nearby Battle Creek.

text:
# WELL-FM

**WELL-FM** (88.7 FM) is a radio station licensed to serve Waverly, Alabama, United States. The station is owned by Alabama Christian Radio and the broadcast license is held by Alabama Christian Radio, Inc. It airs a Contemporary Christian music format.

The station was assigned the WELL-FM call letters by the Federal Communications Commission on August 22, 1997.

The WELL-FM calls were used for many years at the station on 104.9 FM in Marshall, Michigan, now known as WBXX, and previous to that on the station now known as WKFR in nearby Battle Creek.

## InfoBox

WELL-FM
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Broadcast area | Auburn-Opelika, Alabama Columbus, Georgia |
| Frequency | 88.7 MHz |
| Branding | *Praise 88.7* |
| Programming | |
| Format | Christian Contemporary |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | * Alabama Christian Radio * (Alabama Christian Radio, Inc.) |
| Sister stations | WJHO |
| History | |
| First air date | 1991 |
| Former call signs | WDVI (1989–1997) |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 64562 |
| Class | C1 |
| ERP | 60,000 watts |
| HAAT | 129 meters (423 ft) |
| Transmitter coordinates | 32°51′20″N 85°46′31″W / 32.85556°N 85.77528°W / 32.85556; -85.77528 |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Webcast | Listen Live |
| Website | Praise887.com |


title: WHBM

abstract:
WHBM is a radio station licensed to Park Falls, Wisconsin. The station is part of Wisconsin Public Radio (WPR), and airs WPR's "Ideas Network", consisting of news and talk programming.
  - See also Wisconsin Public Radio

text:
# WHBM

**WHBM** (90.3 FM) is a radio station licensed to Park Falls, Wisconsin. The station is part of Wisconsin Public Radio (WPR), and airs WPR's "Ideas Network", consisting of news and talk programming.

## InfoBox

WHBM
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Frequency | 90.3 MHz |
| Branding | WPR Ideas |
| Programming | |
| Format | Public radio, News |
| Affiliations | Wisconsin Public Radio
NPR
American Public Media |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | * State of Wisconsin - Educational Communications Board * (State of Wisconsin - Educational Communications Board) |
| Sister stations | WLEF-TV |
| History | |
| Call sign meaning | A nod to WPT flagship **WH**A/Madison as well as **H**arold **B.** **M**cCarty, an early WHA program director and head of the forerunners to the WPR and PBS Wisconsin networks. |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 63058 |
| Class | C1 |
| ERP | 35,000 watts |
| HAAT | 217 meters (712 ft) |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Webcast | Listen Live |
| Website | wpr.org |


title: WGLC-FM

abstract: WGLC-FM is a radio station licensed to Mendota, Illinois, covering Northern Illinois, including Mendota, LaSalle, Princeton, and Peru. WGLC-FM has a classic country music format and is owned by Shaw Media, through licensee Shaw Local Radio Co., after being owned by Studstill Media/Mendota Broadcasting, Inc. until April 2023. The flagship program is "The Breakfast Show", hosted by Charles Van Horn and Caryn Costa. Its tower is located by the county fairgrounds on East 3rd Road, southeast of Mendota. It broadcasts from studios at 3905 Progress Blvd in Peru, shared with its sister stations. The station is the home to the Mendota Trojans of Mendota Township High School, broadcasting all the football games every season.

text:
# WGLC-FM

**WGLC-FM** (100.1 MHz) is a radio station licensed to Mendota, Illinois, covering Northern Illinois, including Mendota, LaSalle, Princeton, and Peru. WGLC-FM has a classic country music format and is owned by Shaw Media, through licensee Shaw Local Radio Co., after being owned by Studstill Media/Mendota Broadcasting, Inc. until April 2023. The flagship program is "The Breakfast Show", hosted by Charles Van Horn and Caryn Costa.

Its tower is located by the county fairgrounds on East 3rd Road, southeast of Mendota. It broadcasts from studios at 3905 Progress Blvd in Peru, shared with its sister stations. The station is the home to the Mendota Trojans of Mendota Township High School, broadcasting all the football games every season.

## History

WGLC-FM began broadcasting September 1, 1965. At the time, it was a sister station to WGLC AM 1090, and simulcast its programming during the daytime hours its sister station was on the air. It originally broadcast on 100.9 MHz with an ERP of 3,000 watts and a tower height of 98 feet. The station's studios were originally inside the First State Bank Building in downtown Mendota, with its tower atop the building. The station was originally owned by Jeanne Morgan. In 1967, the station was sold to Jel-Co Radio. In 1970, the station's frequency was changed to 100.1 MHz, and the station was sold to Agri-Voice, along with WGLC 1090, for $145,000, effective January 1, 1971.

In the 1970s and early 1980s, the station aired a beautiful music format, along with farm programming. In 1983, the station was sold to Arthur S. Kimball, along with WGLC 1090, for $310,000. By 1984, the station had begun airing an adult contemporary format. In 1988, the station was sold to Studstill Broadcasting, along with WGLC 1090, for $380,000. By 1989, the station's HAAT had been increased to 328 ft. By 1990, the station had adopted a country music format. By 1991, the station's ERP had been increased to 6,000 watts. In 1998, WGLC 1090 was taken off the air so that another station could increase power, and the long standing simulcast ended.

On January 24, 2023, it was announced that Studstill Media had sold WGLC-FM, along with its sister stations, to Shaw Media in Crystal Lake, Illinois, for a total of $1.8 million. The sale was under FCC review for just under two months before being finalized on March 23, 2023. Shaw Local Radio officially assumed ownership of WGLC-FM and its sister stations on April 3, 2023.

41°32′17″N 89°06′25″W / 41.538°N 89.107°W / 41.538; -89.107

## InfoBox

WGLC-FM
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Broadcast area | Mendota / LaSalle |
| Frequency | 100.1 MHz |
| Programming | |
| Format | Classic country |
| Affiliations | United Stations Radio Networks |
| Ownership | |
| Owner |  |
| Sister stations | WALS, WBZG, WIVQ, WSTQ, WYYS |
| History | |
| First air date | September 1, 1965 |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 41165 |
| Class | A |
| ERP | 6,000 watts |
| HAAT | 100 meters (330 ft) |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Webcast | Listen Live |
| Website | www.wglc.net |


title: WGLF

abstract: WGLF is a classic hits radio station in the Tallahassee, Florida, market owned by Cumulus Licensing LLC. Its studios are located in the westside of Tallahassee and its transmitter is based east of the city near Lloyd, Florida.

text:
# WGLF

**WGLF** (104.1 FM) is a classic hits radio station in the Tallahassee, Florida, market owned by Cumulus Licensing LLC. Its studios are located in the westside of Tallahassee and its transmitter is based east of the city near Lloyd, Florida.

## History

**WGLF** has been broadcasting since the spring of 1970 and was the longest-running FM rock radio station in the state of Florida from late 1988 until a shift to classic hits in the late 2010s.

Prior, it was one out of the 2 dominant Top 40/CHR stations for the Tallahassee market. After becoming an AOR format in late 1988, WFHT (now WWOF, known as Z103) became the main dominant Top 40 station for the Tallahassee market until 1995. WGLF was one of the first four FM stations in the Tallahassee market along with WOMA, WBGM, and WOWD.

Although based in Tallahassee, WGLF can be heard all the way into the Tifton, Georgia, and Lake City, Florida markets.

30°27′04″N 84°00′43″W / 30.451°N 84.012°W / 30.451; -84.012

## InfoBox

WGLF
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Broadcast area | Alabama, Florida, Georgia Tri-State Area |
| Frequency | 104.1 MHz |
| Branding | *Gulf 104* |
| Programming | |
| Format | Classic hits |
| Ownership | |
| Owner |  |
| Sister stations | WBZE, WHBX, WWLD |
| History | |
| First air date | December 1967 (as WANM) |
| Former call signs | WANM (1967–1970) |
| Call sign meaning | a reference to the **G**u**LF** of Mexico |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 64559 |
| Class | C0 |
| ERP | 100,000 watts |
| HAAT | 430.2 meters |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Webcast | Listen live<br>Listen Live via iHeart |
| Website | gulf104.com |


title: WCPM

abstract: WCPM was a radio station licensed to Cumberland, Kentucky, United States. The station, owned by Cumberland City Broadcasting, Inc. signed off on August 31, 2016, after serving the area for 65 years. Its studios were on Keller Street in downtown Cumberland. The station's license was cancelled by the Federal Communications Commission on December 19, 2018.

text:
# WCPM

**WCPM** (1280 AM) was a radio station licensed to Cumberland, Kentucky, United States. The station, owned by Cumberland City Broadcasting, Inc. signed off on August 31, 2016, after serving the area for 65 years. Its studios were on Keller Street in downtown Cumberland.

The station's license was cancelled by the Federal Communications Commission on December 19, 2018.

## InfoBox

WCPM
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Frequency | 1280 kHz |
| Programming | |
| Format | Defunct |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Cumberland City Broadcasting, Inc. |
| History | |
| First air date | November 1, 1951 |
| Last air date | August 31, 2016 |
| Call sign meaning | **W**e're **C**ountry **P**lus **M**ore |
| Technical information | |
| Facility ID | 14729 |
| Class | D |
| Power | 1,000 watts day<br>115 watts night |
| Transmitter coordinates | 36°58′25″N 82°59′15″W / 36.97361°N 82.98750°W / 36.97361; -82.98750 |


title: WGNE-FM

abstract: WGNE-FM is a commercial radio station licensed to Middleburg, Florida, and serving the Jacksonville metropolitan area. It is owned by Renda Media and airs a country music radio format as "99.9 Gator Country", and primarily competes against iHeartMedia-owned WQIK. WGNE's studios and offices are in the Arlington district of Jacksonville. The transmitter is downtown on a tower that also broadcasts WTLV and other Jacksonville TV and FM stations.

text:
# WGNE-FM

**WGNE-FM** (99.9 MHz) is a commercial radio station licensed to Middleburg, Florida, and serving the Jacksonville metropolitan area. It is owned by Renda Media and airs a country music radio format as "99.9 Gator Country", and primarily competes against iHeartMedia-owned WQIK.

WGNE's studios and offices are in the Arlington district of Jacksonville. The transmitter is downtown on a tower that also broadcasts WTLV and other Jacksonville TV and FM stations.

## History

### Beautiful Music

On July 14, 1972, the station first signed on as WIYD, licensed to Palatka, Florida, a town about 50 miles south of Jacksonville. It aired a beautiful music format as "Wide FM," and was the FM sister station to WWPF, both stations owned by Hall Communications. Because it broadcast from a tower only 180 feet tall, it was limited to serving the Palatka-St. Augustine area.

In 1978, the AM station switched its call sign to WIYD, while the FM station was sold to the Sis Radio Company and became WIYD-FM. The new owners got a construction permit from the Federal Communications Commission to construct a tower more than 900 feet tall, making 99.9 audible from Jacksonville to Daytona Beach.

### Top 40

In 1981, the station was sold to the Ronnette Communications Corporation, with studios and offices moving to Ormond Beach, and flipped to Top 40 outlet WNFY. In the Jacksonville radio market, it competed with long time Top 40 AM radio leader WAPE (now WOKV) and FM challenger WIVY (now WEZI). In about a year, WAPE left the Top 40 format for Oldies.

In 1983, the station switched its call letters to WNFI, while remaining Top 40. Its tower was now nearly 1,300 feet tall, with a power of 100,000 watts, allowing WNFI to be heard over much of the northern section of Florida's Atlantic coast. In 1993, the station was sold again, this time to the Daytona Beach Broadcasting Corporation. The station remained Top 40, but the call letters were switched to WFKS to fit the new moniker "Florida's Kiss-FM."

### Country Music

In 1996, Renda Broadcasting paid $6.5 million for WNFI and WKQL (now WMUV). Renda switched WNFI's format to Country, renaming the station WGNE-FM and using the moniker "99.9 Froggy-FM." In 2005, the station's studios and offices moved to Atlantic Boulevard in Jacksonville.

In the early 2010s, the station's city of license was moved to Middleburg, Florida, an unincorporated community in Clay County, which borders Jacksonville. WGNE switched to a tower on Gator Bowl Boulevard in Jacksonville used by WTLV and other Jacksonville TV and FM stations. While the move improved the station's signal to office towers and apartment buildings in Jacksonville, as well as its northern suburbs, it reduced coverage to the south. The power was cut by more than half and the antenna height was reduced by 300 feet. WGNE switched its moniker to "99.9 Gator Country."

## On-air personalities

Steve Sutton- Sutton's radio career began in 1993 at WJRX in MacClenney. Sutton went on to the Hoyle & Fizz Show on WAPE in the morning, hosted a talk show on WCRJ-AM at lunch, and continued traffic reporting in the afternoon with Trane on the Radio at WAPE. In 1995, he began working full time at WAPE on Big Ape Morning Zoo alongside Eden Kendall, Amadeus, Hoyle, and Ashley King. After almost 12 years of the Big Ape Morning Zoo being on air, in December 2006 Sutton, Kendall, and Amadeus left WAPE. After about 6 months of being off the air, on June 20, 2007, the trio took over the morning show at 99.9 Gator Country.

Eden Kendall- Kendall is a graduate of the University of Florida and the mother of two children. Kendall worked on Big Ape Morning Zoo alongside Steve Sutton, Amadeus, Hoyle, and Ashley King. After almost 12 years of the Big Ape Morning Zoo being on air, in December 2006 Sutton, Kendall, and Amadeus left WAPE. After about 6 months of being off the air, on June 20, 2007, the trio took over the morning show at 99.9 Gator Country. As well as working on Gator Country's "Hometown Morning Show" Kendall also hosts WJXT's daytime broadcast, River City Live. During the Jacksonville Jaguar's football season Kendall can also be seen on WCWJ's "The Mark Brunell Show.

Amadeus- Amadeus moved to Jacksonville when he was in the 4th grade. After high school, Amadeus began working at Publix and took a part-time job at Turtle's Records & Tapes. On January 1, 1990, Amadeus left Turtle's Records and Tapes to work part-time at 95.1 WAPE. In 1996, Amadeus got the opportunity to join the Big Ape Morning Zoo. in December 2006 Sutton, Kendall, and Amadeus left WAPE. After about 6 months of being off the air, on June 20, 2007, the trio took over the morning show at 99.9 Gator Country. Amadeus also hosted the CW-17 Weekend Showplace for 17 years.

Brian Jordan- Jordan was born and raised in Jacksonville, Florida. Jordan worked at WAPE for 4 years. After taking a 2-year break Jordan began working at 99.9 Gator Country.

Matt Basford- Basford was born and raised in Jacksonville, Florida and attended Hofstra University in New York. His career in radio began at the age of 16 years old when he worked WJAX, now known as WAPE. He has worked in radio in Chicago, Salt Lake City, New Orleans, and NPR in Los Angeles. While in Los Angeles, Basford worked as an actor in television and film as well as doing some improv and stand up comedy. Basford moved back to Jacksonville in 2000 and now works on 99.9 Gator Country and WEJZ.

*

## InfoBox

WGNE-FM
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Broadcast area | Jacksonville metropolitan area |
| Frequency | 99.9 MHz (HD Radio) |
| Branding | 99.9 Gator Country |
| Programming | |
| Format | Country music |
| Ownership | |
| Owner |  |
| Sister stations | WEJZ |
| History | |
| First air date | July 14, 1972 (as WIYD Palatka) |
| Former call signs | WIYD (1972–1982)
WNFY (1982–1983)
WNFI (1983–1993)
WFKS (1993–2000) |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 15897 |
| Class | C1 |
| ERP | 48,000 watts |
| HAAT | 300 meters (984 ft) |
| Transmitter coordinates | 30°19′22″N 81°38′34″W / 30.32278°N 81.64278°W / 30.32278; -81.64278 |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Webcast | Listen Live |
| Website | 999gatorcountry.com |


title: William Leitch (footballer)

abstract: William Douglas Leitch, born in Hobart, Tasmania to Scottish settlers John Leitch and Jean McCrone from Paisley, Renfrewshire, was a Tasmanian footballer, businessman and sports administrator. Leitch was an employee and later board of directors member of Henry Jones's IXL jam manufacturing business; taking his first job at the company at the age of only ten alongside Sir Henry Jones placing labels on jam tins, and working there until his death, he gave almost seventy years continuous service. Many of his sons would also have careers working for the firm during their lifetimes. In his youth Leitch was a highly regarded Australian rules football player at the Railway Football Club. In later life he was a patron of Australian rules football in Tasmania, and was a long-time Tasmanian delegate to the Australian National Football Council. The William Leitch Medal for the fairest and best player in the Tasmanian Australian National Football League was named in his honour. He was married to Jane Littlejohn at Chalmers Free Church on 17 September 1884, with whom he had 13 children; Elsie May, William Douglas, John Stanley George, Gilbert Barry, Dorothy, Daniel, Edith Isabel, Elvira Jean, Olive Mary Ruth, Winifred Jane, Ronald Bruce, Allan McDonald, and Basil James. One of his sons, Allan McDonald Leitch, was also an inductee of the Tasmanian Football Hall of Fame, having played for New Town and later Carlton. William Leitch died at his home on Arthur Street, North Hobart on 24 May 1943. His remains were cremated at the Cornelian Bay Crematorium chapel.

text:
# William Leitch (footballer)

**William Douglas Leitch** (16 December 1863 – 24 May 1943 ), born in Hobart, Tasmania to Scottish settlers John Leitch and Jean McCrone from Paisley, Renfrewshire, was a Tasmanian footballer, businessman and sports administrator. Leitch was an employee and later board of directors member of Henry Jones's IXL jam manufacturing business; taking his first job at the company at the age of only ten alongside Sir Henry Jones placing labels on jam tins, and working there until his death, he gave almost seventy years continuous service. Many of his sons would also have careers working for the firm during their lifetimes.

In his youth Leitch was a highly regarded Australian rules football player at the Railway Football Club. In later life he was a patron of Australian rules football in Tasmania, and was a long-time Tasmanian delegate to the Australian National Football Council. The William Leitch Medal for the fairest and best player in the Tasmanian Australian National Football League was named in his honour.

He was married to Jane Littlejohn (1865 - 1948) at Chalmers Free Church on 17 September 1884, with whom he had 13 children; Elsie May (1883 - 1949), William Douglas (1885 - 1919), John Stanley George (1886 - 1962), Gilbert Barry (1888 - 1972), Dorothy (1890 - 1976), Daniel (1891 - 1891), Edith Isabel (1893 - 1978), Elvira Jean (1894 - 1982), Olive Mary Ruth (1896 - 1946), Winifred Jane (1898 - 1987), Ronald Bruce (1901 - 1966), Allan McDonald (1902 - 1976), and Basil James (1907 - 1974).

One of his sons, Allan McDonald Leitch, was also an inductee of the Tasmanian Football Hall of Fame, having played for New Town and later Carlton.

William Leitch died at his home on Arthur Street, North Hobart on 24 May 1943. His remains were cremated at the Cornelian Bay Crematorium chapel.


title: Wilbur Schwandt

abstract: Wilbur Clyde Schwandt was an American musician best known for his song "Dream a Little Dream of Me" with Fabian Andre and Gus Kahn. He frequently used the stage name Don Swan and released many Latin jazz albums in the 1950s and 1960s.

text:
# Wilbur Schwandt

**Wilbur Clyde Schwandt** (June 28, 1904 in Manitowoc, Wisconsin – July 23, 1998 in Miami, Florida) was an American musician best known for his song "Dream a Little Dream of Me" with Fabian Andre and Gus Kahn. He frequently used the stage name Don Swan and released many Latin jazz albums in the 1950s and 1960s.

## Career

Born in Manitowoc, Wisconsin, on June 28, 1904, he studied composition at the University of Chicago and became an arranger for various big bands, including comedian Bob Hope's touring show. In 1940, he became an arranger for Xavier Cugat's orchestra, a position he would hold for the next 20 years. He was an arranger and composer for Latin lounge musicians such as Skinnay Ennis and Freddy Martin as well as Latin dance musicians such as Perez Prado and Desi Arnaz.

In the late 1950s Schwandt was signed to Liberty Records as a recording artist and recorded five Latin lounge LPs, beginning with *Mucho Cha Cha Cha*. Subsequent LPs like *All This and Cha Cha Too*, *Hot Cha Cha*, and two volumes of *Latino!* featured an all-star ensemble of west coast musicians. The success of his albums allowed Swan to form a touring group with whom he played extensively in New York City and Las Vegas.

Schwandt retired from music in the mid-1960s and eventually moved to Miami, Florida, where he died July 23, 1998, at the age of 94.


title: Victor J. Pospishil

abstract: Archimandrite Monsignor Victor J. Pospishil was a Ukrainian Catholic priest and a leading scholar on canon law and the Eastern Catholic churches. During the 1960s he was a controversial advocate for divorced Catholics, arguing in his 1967 book Divorce and Remarriage: Towards a New Catholic Teaching in favor of the reform of the laws that prevented them from receiving the sacraments. He was born 4 February 1915 in Vienna, Austria, then capital of Austria-Hungary. Following his training at the Theological Academy and Seminary in Đakovo, Croatia, he was ordained a priest on 16 June 1940. During World War II he served as an army chaplain and in parishes in Yugoslavia and Austria. Afterwards he studied liturgy and canon law at the Pontifical Oriental Institute in Rome, receiving his doctorate from the Pontifical Gregorian University. He immigrated to the United States in May 1950 where he joined the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Archdiocese in Philadelphia. He served in parishes in Maryland, New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania. In recognition of his work in canon law Pope John XXIII gave him the title of Private Papal Chamberlain in 1960. In 1976 was named an Archimandrite by Cardinal Josyf Slipyj. From 1966 to 1976 he served on the religious studies faculty of Manhattan College. He died 16 February 2006 in Old Bridge, New Jersey and is buried in St. Gertrude Cemetery in Colonia, New Jersey.

text:
# Victor J. Pospishil

Archimandrite Monsignor **Victor J. Pospishil** (1915  2006) was a Ukrainian Catholic priest and a leading scholar on canon law and the Eastern Catholic churches.

During the 1960s he was a controversial advocate for divorced Catholics, arguing in his 1967 book *Divorce and Remarriage: Towards a New Catholic Teaching* in favor of the reform of the laws that prevented them from receiving the sacraments.

He was born 4 February 1915 in Vienna, Austria, then capital of Austria-Hungary. Following his training at the Theological Academy and Seminary in Đakovo, Croatia, he was ordained a priest on 16 June 1940. During World War II he served as an army chaplain and in parishes in Yugoslavia and Austria. Afterwards he studied liturgy and canon law at the Pontifical Oriental Institute in Rome, receiving his doctorate from the Pontifical Gregorian University.

He immigrated to the United States in May 1950 where he joined the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Archdiocese in Philadelphia. He served in parishes in Maryland, New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania. In recognition of his work in canon law Pope John XXIII gave him the title of Private Papal Chamberlain in 1960. In 1976 was named an Archimandrite by Cardinal Josyf Slipyj. From 1966 to 1976 he served on the religious studies faculty of Manhattan College.

He died 16 February 2006 in Old Bridge, New Jersey and is buried in St. Gertrude Cemetery in Colonia, New Jersey.

## Books

* *Die Rechtsstellung des Patriarchen der Serbischen Kirche in der Kirchenverfassung von 1931-1947*, (Brixen im Thale, Austria: privately published, 1950)
* *Interritual Canon Law Problems in the United States and Canada*, (Chesapeake City, Maryland: St. Basil's, 1955)
* *Code of Oriental Canon Law, the Law on Persons: Rites, Persons in General, Clergy and Hierarchy, Monks, Religious, Laity*, (Ford City, Pennsylvania: St. Mary's Ukrainian Catholic Church, 1960)
* *Code of Oriental Canon Law, the Law on Marriage: Interritual Marriage Law Problems*, (Chicago, Illinois: Universe Editions, 1962)
* *Ford City, Pennsylvania 1887-1962: The First Seventy-Five Years of Our Town*, editor, (Ford City, Pennsylvania: The Ford City Public Library, 1962)
* *Orientalium Ecclesiarum: The Decree on the Eastern Catholic Churches of the II Council of the Vatican*, (Bronx, New York: Fordham University, 1965)
* *Divorce and Remarriage: Towards a New Catholic Teaching*, (New York, New York: Herder and Herder, 1967)
* *The Quest for the Ukrainian Catholic Patriarchate*, co-author with Hryhor M. Luznycky, (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Ukrainian Publications, 1971)
* *Ex Occidente Lex*, (Carteret, New Jersey: St. Mary's Religious Action Fund, 1979)
* *The New Latin Code of Canon Law and Eastern Catholics*, co-author with John D. Faris, (Brooklyn, New York: Diocese of St. Maron, 1984)
* *Eastern Catholic Church Law*, (Brooklyn, New York: Saint Maron Publications, 1996)
* *Final Tally: A Report on the Unremarkable Life of a Catholic Priest in the Twentieth Century*, (New Jersey: privately published, 2001)


title: Thala-Kasserine Disturbances

abstract: The Thala-Kasserine Disturbances were an episode of unrest in April 1906 in western Tunisia, the first violent resistance against authority under the French protectorate since its establishment in 1881. Inspired by an Algerian marabout, insurgents killed three French settlers in the Kasserine region before a gunfight in Thala left around a dozen of them dead and the rest in custody.

text:
# Thala-Kasserine Disturbances

The **Thala-Kasserine Disturbances** were an episode of unrest in April 1906 in western Tunisia, the first violent resistance against authority under the French protectorate since its establishment in 1881. Inspired by an Algerian marabout, insurgents killed three French settlers in the Kasserine region before a gunfight in Thala left around a dozen of them dead and the rest in custody.

## Background

The region's remoteness and the poverty of its soil had long preserved it from land acquisitions by European settlers. Thus in 1906, of 933,000 hectares, fewer than 10,000 had come under European ownership. However even this small change upset the balance of life for local people, as the land taken by Europeans was the most productive. Even on poorer land, the new owners would prevent the nomadic tribes from passing across it unless they paid a fee for grazing their animals. Furthermore, the two years before the unrest had seen very poor harvests and the local people were sinking to severe hardship, so between 1904 and 1906 the tax revenue fell by half. All of these circumstances created a climate of tension between the local people and the colonists.

The exceptionally harsh winter of 1905-06 was the last straw. At Thala, the snow fell uninterruptedly from 6–10 February and the houses were buried in snowdrifts 2.5m deep. Indeed, some houses collapsed under the weight of the snow. For eight days, the town was completely cut off from the world. Many thousands of animals, already in poor condition as winter started, succumbed to the cold and the lack of provisions. The local Fraichiche nomads lost 9,000 sheep and another 9,000 goats which starved as the pastures were deep in snow. Some people were surviving on wild beets and boiled mallow. Faced with this distress, the authorities did nothing to organise help and refused requests for seed.

A few months previously, a marabout named Amor Ben Othman from Souk Ahras in Algeria had arrived in the region, One of his close associates was Ali ben Mohammed ben Salah, a local sheikh who had been dismissed by the central authorities for misappropriation of funds, who encouraged people to believe that Amor ben Othman had supernatural powers. Against the background of the extreme winter conditions, The presence of Amor ben Othman served as a catalyst for local despair.

## Events of 26–27 April

On 26 April some dozens of Fraichiche bedouin from the Ouled Néji, Gmata, Hnadra and Hrakta subclans who were encamped on the plain of Foussana, near Kasserine, attacked the farm of a French settler named Lucien Salle who was known as a violent, brutal, and greedy man. They were unaware that Salle himself was absent, and when they arrived at his farm they were met by his brother Henri, who was quickly killed with a single shot. When his servant Domenico Mira tried to help him, he was stabbed and his life only spared because he recited the shahada. Salle's mother had her throat cut while she lay in bed. Another servant, Tournier, was taken prisoner and he too saved his life by reciting the shahada, whereupon he was forcibly circumcised. The farm was looted, and three employees, Graffaud, Martin and Sagnes, who lived nearby on a stud farm, were taken prisoner after accepting forced conversion to Islam.

The insurgents now moved on to another farm owned by a settler named Bertrand. In contrast with Salle, Bertrand had worked to establish good relations with his Fraichiche neighbours. At this farm three occupants all converted to avoid death but one, an Italian named Delrio, refused, so he was killed and his body burned. The farm was not however looted and the bedouin moved on to the mines at Jebel ech Chambi where all the Europeans were summoned to convert. All the prisoners were made to wear Tunisian dress and sent to the marabout Amor ben Othman, who had remained behind at the encampment.

The next day, encouraged by their success, they decided to attack the French civil administration office in Thala, Tunisia, a symbol of colonial rule. Ben Othman had convinced them they were invincible, telling them that the sticks they were carrying would spit fire when pointed at the infidels, and that the bullets of the settlers would melt like drops of water when they touched their bodies. However, when they reached Thala they found themselves facing a well-defended base where dozens of armed French settlers and Italian workers fired on them at close range, leaving between ten and fourteen of them dead. They were routed.

Amor Ben Othman and his accomplices offered no resistance when they were arrested, and all their prisoners were set free.

## Trial and sentencing

The trial of Ben Othman and fifty-eight of his associates was held in Sousse from 21 November-12 December 1906. Two of the accused were still at large and were tried in absentia.

* 44 men were charged with looting
* 1, Salah Ben Mohamed Ben Saad, known as El Ouagaf, was charged with the murder of un pour assassinat, le dénommé
* 25 were charged with being accessories to the murder of Henri Salles
* 26 were charged with being accessories to the murder of Salles' mother
* 26 were charged with the attempted murder of Mira
* the same 26 were charged with the murder of Delrio
* 43 were charged with aiding and abetting the accused above
* 2 were charged with assault against an employee of Salles from the stud farm
* 1 was charged with violence towards Miss Cécile Bertrand
* 3 were charged with violence towards Modolo
* 11 were charged with attempted looting
* 3, Amor Ben Othman, his assistant and their host, Ferhat Ben Mohamed Ben Salah, were charged with conspiring to commit all of the crimes above

The trial lasted 22 days and as it unfolded the respective roles of the accused became clearer. Numerous witnesses accused Salah Ben Mohamed Ben Saad of having struck the first blow against Henri Salles, using a sabre found in the house. He was also implicated in the murder of Madame Salle, killed by Ahmed Ben Messaoud, who had died in the rifle fire at Thala. Witnesses also said he had struck Delrio two blows with the sabre.

Mohamed Ben Belgacem Ben Goaïed was accused of the murder of Delrio, on whom he had fired at close range. He had also been seen brandishing his weapon and shouting 'See, Mohammed, how we convert the Christians to Islam!'. At the Salle farm, he had chased after Domenico Mira, but spared his life when he converted.

Amor Ben Ali Ben Amor was accused of the murder of Delrio, whose skull he had smashed with a blow from a spade. He had then prepared the bonfire to burn his body.

Harrat Ben Belgacem Ben Ali was accused of taking part in the murder of Delrio by stabbing him several times with a dagger.

Ali Ben Mohamed Ben Salah and Amor Ben Othman were accused of inciting the murders, but Ben Othman's culpability was diminished following testimony from doctors who had examined him and attributed his limited intelligence to historic attacks of epilepsy. The real instigator appeared to be Ali Ben Mohamed Ben Salah who had exploited the fervour created by the marabout's presence aura to trigger the attacks.

Ferhat, who had provided Amor Ben Othman with accommodation, was likewise accused of having sheltered the organiser of the murders, taken part in preparatory meetings and kept the captured French people prisoner.

At the end of the hearings, the prosecutor, Liautier, demanded four death penalties and many sentences of lifelong forced labour, with lighter penalties for the accomplices. The verdicts were handed down on 12 December.

* Three death penalties: Salah Ben Mohamed Ben Saad, known as El Ouagaf, Mohamed Ben Belgacem Ben Goaïed, and Amor Ben Ali Ben Amor known as Bouaïda
* Two sentences to lifelong hard labour: Ali Ben Mohamed Ben Salah and Harrat Ben Belgacem Ben Ali
* Nine sentences to twenty years of forced labour
* Eight sentences, including Ben Othman, to ten years of forced labour
* Four sentences to five years of forced labour
* Three sentences to ten years' imprisonment
* Four sentences to five years' imprisonment
* Eight sentences to two years' imprisonment
* Sixteen acquittals

Ferhat was acquitted after claiming he had sheltered Ben Othman against his will. His advanced age (he was 65) was also taken into account. Harrat Ben Belgacem Ben Ali escaped the death sentence thanks to his youth (he was 20).

## Reaction

Initial reports of the disturbances in the French press strongly emphasised the idea that 'religious fanaticism' was the cause. Parallels were drawn with events in Aïn Torki (Margueritte) in Algeria in 1901. There too, incited by a marabout, Europeans had been forced to convert or die. The newspapers emphasised the small number of settlers in the region, which, they maintained, meant that challenging the protectorate itself could not have been the motive for the attacks. This was also the opinion of the French Resident General. The more extreme elements among the settlers saw the cause as being the lax and cowardly colonial policy which led to a lack of security in remote regions, and a failing justice system. These elements were reassured by the convictions which were for criminal offences, ignoring any idea of a political dimension.

Nonetheless, other voices emphasised the lack of education in the Thala region and ascribed the unrest to this. Abdeljelil Zaouche wrote on 25 December 1906 in *Le Temps*  *'The day when, in North Africa, primary education is compulsory, we will no longer see Muslim peasants hanging on the words of a Yacoub, as at Margueritte, or lending an obliging ear to the nonsense of an Amor ben Othman, as at Thala. Today, the Arab of the countryside is deprived of all intellectual culture; once he is enlightened he will be the first to mock the fanatics who emerge from the brotherhoods that all educated Muslims deprecate.'*

In fact, since 1897, the main settler lobby had insisted on an end to primary school education for Muslim children and the Thala-Kasserine Disturbances were perhaps the result. In his *Nouveau dictionnaire de pédagogie et d’instruction primaire*, Benjamin Buisson, Director of the Boys' Normal School in Tunis and brother of Ferdinand Buisson, former Director of primary school education in France, wrote  *'The events of Kasserine and Thala, in which a young Algerian marabout crossed the border and managed to raise an ignorant and fanatical population against isolated French settlers, demonstrate how dangerous it is to deprive the native population, and the young generation most of all, of all European contact. The French school, with its schoolmaster often serving also as postmaster, is one of the best means of bringing civilisation, one of the surest and cheapest weapons against superstition and fanaticism.'*

The decision was therefore taken to press ahead with opening new schools. By 1908 the number of Tunisian school pupils had recovered to its previous level in 1897.

### Reporting by Myriam Harry

On the 23 February 1907 the novelist Myriam Harry, who had attended the trial, published a piece of reportage about it. It was noteworthy for the sympathetic tone it adopted towards the accused. According to the historian Charles-André Julien, *'Myriam Harry's account caused a scandal in the French community in Tunisia, not for its portrayal of the settlers, but for the sympathy it expressed for the marabout, offering, if not a justification, at least an explanation for the revolt.'*  Five years later, in his work 'How France Will Lose its Colonies', Henri Tridon stated that  *'In Tunisia we have a bitter memory of the article by Mme. Myriam Harry in the Kasserine Disturbances because of the tender portrait she painted of the marabout, who had instigated the insurrection and the massacres which followed.'*

### Reprieve for the condemned

Appeals from those convicted were rejected on 31 January 1907. A plea for clemency for those condemned to death was then sent to the French Minister of Justice. It was supported by the Resident General Stephen Pichon, who felt that the tribe had been punished sufficiently and that a return to calm was necessary. Four members of the jury from the trial also supported the appeal, and the publication of Myriam Harry's article on 23 February tended to support this view. On 23 March the three death penalties were commuted to lifelong hard labour, but the six other sentences who had appealed for clemency were upheld. They were transported to the penal colonies in French Guiana.

## Legacy

The Thala-Kasserine disturbances might be considered as initial events in the emergence of the Tunisian national movement (one of the French prisoners testified that he had heard the raiders declare that they planned to march on El Kef and Tunis). However it is striking that the original group of around fifty insurgents did not succeed in mobilising any of their neighbours. Furthermore, although there were many Europeans at the mines of Ain Khemouda, close by the place where they had set off on their day of killing and looting, they had chosen to walk 12 kilometres to attack the farm of Lucien Salle, who was particularly hated. The most recent research concludes that  *'born spontaneously from poverty and the particular conditions of the region, the Thala insurrection was not followed by unrest in any other part of the country and remained entirely separate from the claims of the movement which affected Tunis at the time.'*


title: Ypsolopha lonicerella

abstract: Ypsolopha lonicerella is a moth of the family Ypsolophidae. It is known to be found in the eastern part of the Carpathian Mountains. The wingspan is about 18–20 mm.

text:
# Ypsolopha lonicerella

***Ypsolopha lonicerella*** is a moth of the family Ypsolophidae. It is known to be found in the eastern part of the Carpathian Mountains.

The wingspan is about 18–20 mm.

## InfoBox

| *Ypsolopha lonicerella* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Ypsolophidae |
| Genus: | *Ypsolopha* |
| Species: | ***Y. lonicerella*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Ypsolopha lonicerella***<br>Stökl, 1922 | |
|


title: Simon Eishold

abstract: Simon Eishold is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Melbourne and Richmond in the Victorian/Australian Football League (VFL/AFL). Eishold, a centreman, came from Ormond Amateurs and is perhaps best remembered for a missed shot at goal late in the last quarter of the 1987 Preliminary Final after marking in the goal square against Hawthorn's Peter Schwab. A goal would likely have booked Melbourne's spot in the Grand Final and Eishold, who came in from an angle, pull his kick wide. Hawthorn would go on to win the match with a goal after the siren, following Jim Stynes giving away a 15-metre penalty. Melbourne made the Grand Final the following season, but Eishold didn't take part after making only seven appearances all year. He had his best season in 1990, with 16.40 disposals on average a game and 22 goals. He was set to move to Tasmania in 1993 to take up the position of Hobart's senior coach, but when that failed to eventuate he was picked up by Richmond with the 51st pick of the 1993 Pre-Season Draft. Back under his old Melbourne coach, John Northey, Eishold could only manage to add a further four games to his AFL tally. Eishold then played with and coached Echuca in the Goulburn Valley Football League. He won a Morrison Medal in 1995 as the league's best player and was the coach of the 1997 Echuca premiership team. After his football career ended, Eishold remained in Echuca as a property valuer.

text:
# Simon Eishold

**Simon Eishold** (born 26 March 1967) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Melbourne and Richmond in the Victorian/Australian Football League (VFL/AFL).

Eishold, a centreman, came from Ormond Amateurs and is perhaps best remembered for a missed shot at goal late in the last quarter of the 1987 Preliminary Final after marking in the goal square against Hawthorn's Peter Schwab. A goal would likely have booked Melbourne's spot in the Grand Final and Eishold, who came in from an angle, pull his kick wide. Hawthorn would go on to win the match with a goal after the siren, following Jim Stynes giving away a 15-metre penalty.

Melbourne made the Grand Final the following season, but Eishold didn't take part after making only seven appearances all year. He had his best season in 1990, with 16.40 disposals on average a game and 22 goals.

He was set to move to Tasmania in 1993 to take up the position of Hobart's senior coach, but when that failed to eventuate he was picked up by Richmond with the 51st pick of the 1993 Pre-Season Draft. Back under his old Melbourne coach, John Northey, Eishold could only manage to add a further four games to his AFL tally.

Eishold then played with and coached Echuca in the Goulburn Valley Football League. He won a Morrison Medal in 1995 as the league's best player and was the coach of the 1997 Echuca premiership team. After his football career ended, Eishold remained in Echuca as a property valuer.

## InfoBox

| Simon Eishold | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | Simon Eishold | | |
| Date of birth | (1967-03-26) 26 March 1967 | | |
| Original team(s) | Ormond | | |
| Height | 186 cm (6 ft 1 in) | | |
| Weight | 87 kg (192 lb) | | |
| Position(s) | Centreman | | |
| Playing career1 | | | |
| Years | **Club** | **Games (Goals)** |
| 1986–92 | Melbourne | 77 (50) |
| 1993 | Richmond | 5 (0) |
| Total |  | **82 (50)** |
| 1 Playing statistics correct to the end of 1993. | | | |
| Sources: AFL Tables, AustralianFootball.com | | | |


title: User virtualization

abstract: User virtualization refers to the independent management of all aspects of the user on the desktop environment. User virtualization decouples a user's profile, settings and data from the operating system and stores this information into a centralized data share either in the data center or cloud. User virtualization solutions provide consistent and seamless working environments across a range of application delivery mechanisms. Although user virtualization is most closely associated with desktop virtualization, this technology can also be used to manage user profiles on physical desktops. As the range of currently used operating systems expands, and the use of multiple devices by workers to perform their jobs escalates, user virtualization can support the creation of a "follow-me" identity that will allow access to a workspace without being tied into only a single device or a single location.

text:
# User virtualization

**User virtualization** refers to the independent management of all aspects of the user on the desktop environment. User virtualization decouples a user's profile, settings and data from the operating system and stores this information into a centralized data share either in the data center or cloud. User virtualization solutions provide consistent and seamless working environments across a range of application delivery mechanisms. Although user virtualization is most closely associated with desktop virtualization, this technology can also be used to manage user profiles on physical desktops. As the range of currently used operating systems expands, and the use of multiple devices by workers to perform their jobs escalates, user virtualization can support the creation of a "follow-me" identity that will allow access to a workspace without being tied into only a single device or a single location.

## User virtualization for virtual desktops

For virtualized desktop environments, **user virtualization** represents a fundamental change in how the corporate desktop is constructed, delivered and managed. The user’s personality is decoupled from the operating system and applications, managed independently and applied to a desktop as needed without scripting, group policies or use of user profiles – regardless of how the desktop is being delivered (physical, virtual, cloud, etc.).

## User virtualization for terminal servers

For server based computing environments, **user virtualization** enables IT to have more control over the shared environment, optimize infrastructure needs and ensure an optimal experience for their users. With application entitlement, unauthorized applications are blocked without the need for complex scripts or high-maintenance lists, providing protection from unknown executables and ensuring compliance with Microsoft licensing.

## User personality

User personality is a combination of corporate policy and user personalization. Policy is used to set up and maintain a user desktop session. Policy also ensures a user session remains compliant by controlling application access, locking down or removing operating system and application functions, as well as self-healing essential files, folders, processes, services and registry settings. Personalization constitutes any change a user makes to his or her desktop.

## User persona

User persona is another term used interchangeably with user personality or user personalization.


title: Pythodoris II

abstract: Pythodoris II or Pythodorida II was a client ruler of the Odrysian kingdom of Thrace under Roman rule, in association with her father's cousin Rhoemetalces III. Pythodoris succeeded her mother Antonia Tryphaena and brother Rhoemetalces II. She was a daughter of Tryphaena and the former Thracian King Cotys VIII, and was named after her maternal grandparents and her paternal grandmother. In 38, after the death of Rhoemetalces II, Tryphaena abdicated the throne at the request of the Roman emperor Caligula. Caligula put Rhoemetalces III on the Thracian throne. Rhescuporis II, the father of Rhoemetalces III, had murdered and usurped the throne of Pythodoris' father. Caligula and Tryphaena arranged for Pythodoris to marry Rhoemetalces III to repair past dynastic rifts. The plan did not succeed. Pythodoris II and Rhoemetalces III reigned together as client rulers of Thrace from 38 until 46, when the latter was murdered by insurgents or on the orders of his wife. The subsequent fate of Pythodoris II is unknown. She seems not to have had any children with her father's cousin. Pythodoris and Rhoemetalces III were the last monarchs of Thrace. Under Caligula's successor Claudius, the kingdom was made a Roman province.

text:
# Pythodoris II

**Pythodoris II** or **Pythodorida II** (Greek: Πυθοδωρίς; reigned AD 38–46) was a client ruler of the Odrysian kingdom of Thrace under Roman rule, in association with her father's cousin Rhoemetalces III.

Pythodoris succeeded her mother Antonia Tryphaena and brother Rhoemetalces II. She was a daughter of Tryphaena and the former Thracian King Cotys VIII, and was named after her maternal grandparents and her paternal grandmother.

In 38, after the death of Rhoemetalces II, Tryphaena abdicated the throne at the request of the Roman emperor Caligula. Caligula put Rhoemetalces III on the Thracian throne. Rhescuporis II, the father of Rhoemetalces III, had murdered and usurped the throne of Pythodoris' father. Caligula and Tryphaena arranged for Pythodoris to marry Rhoemetalces III to repair past dynastic rifts. The plan did not succeed. Pythodoris II and Rhoemetalces III reigned together as client rulers of Thrace from 38 until 46, when the latter was murdered by insurgents or on the orders of his wife. The subsequent fate of Pythodoris II is unknown. She seems not to have had any children with her father's cousin. Pythodoris and Rhoemetalces III were the last monarchs of Thrace. Under Caligula's successor Claudius, the kingdom was made a Roman province.


title: 1299 in Ireland

abstract: Events from the year 1299 in Ireland.

text:
# 1299 in Ireland

Events from the year **1299 in Ireland**.

## Incumbent

## Events

* The earliest mention of the Curragh in legal documents was 1299 when an Act was passed to prevent swine from feeding on the Curragh plains to the detriment of the sward.
* Edward I grants Hugh Bisset the authority to receive "any tenant from the islands of the kingdom of Scotland", except nobles and knights, into the king of England's peace.

## Births

## Deaths

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Centuries: |  |
| Decades: |  |
| See also: | Other events of 1299<br>List of years in Ireland |


title: 1431 papal conclave

abstract: The 1431 papal conclave convened after the death of Pope Martin V and elected as his successor Cardinal Gabriele Condulmer, who took the name Eugene IV. It was the first papal conclave held after the end of the Great Western Schism.

text:
# 1431 papal conclave

The **1431 papal conclave** (March 2–3) convened after the death of Pope Martin V and elected as his successor Cardinal Gabriele Condulmer, who took the name Eugene IV. It was the first papal conclave held after the end of the Great Western Schism.

## List of participants

Pope Martin V died on February 20, 1431. At the time of his death, there were 20 publicly known members of the College of Cardinals, but only 18 were considered to be valid electors. Fourteen of them participated in the conclave:

| Elector | Nationality | Cardinalatial Title | Elevated | Elevator | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Giordano Orsini | Roman | Bishop of Albano | 1405, June 12 | Pope Innocent VII | Dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals; Grand penitentiary |
| Antonio Correr, O.C.R.S.A. | Venetian | Bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina | 1408, May 9 | Pope Gregory XII (Cardinal-nephew) | Archpriest of the patriarchal Vatican Basilica |
| Antonio Panciera | Friuli | Priest of S. Susanna | 1411, June 6 | Antipope John XXIII | Protopriest of the Sacred College of Cardinals; Administrator of the suburbicarian see of Frascati |
| **Gabriel Condulmer, O.C.R.S.A.** (elected **Pope Eugene IV**) | Venetian | Priest of S. Clemente | 1408, May 9 | Pope Gregory XII (Cardinal-nephew) |  |
| Branda da Castiglione | Duchy of Milan | Priest of S. Clemente | 1411, June 6 | Antipope John XXIII |  |
| Jean de La Rochetaillée | French | Priest of S. Lorenzo in Lucina | 1426, May 24 | Pope Martin V | Administrator of Rouen and of Besançon; Archpriest of the patriarchal Liberian Basilica |
| Louis Aleman, O.C.R.S.J. | French | Priest of S. Cecilia | 1426, May 24 | Pope Martin V | Administrator of Arles |
| fr:Antonio Casini | Siena | Priest of S. Marcello | 1426, May 24 | Pope Martin V | Administrator of Grosseto |
| Juan de Cervantes | Castilian | Priest of S. Pietro in Vincoli | 1426, May 24 | Pope Martin V | Administrator of Tui |
| Alfonso Carrillo de Albornoz | Castilian | Deacon of S. Eustachio | 1408, September 22 | Antipope Benedict XIII | Protodeacon of the Sacred College of Cardinals; Archpriest of the patriarchal Lateran Basilica; Administrator of Osma and of Sigüenza |
| Lucido Conti | Roman | Deacon of S. Maria in Cosmedin | 1411, June 6 | Antipope John XXIII | Cardinal-protector of the Teutonic Order; Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals |
| Hugues Lancelot de Lusignan | Kingdom of Cyprus | Deacon of S. Adriano | 1426, May 24 | Pope Martin V | Administrator of Nicosia |
| Ardicino della Porta | Duchy of Milan | Deacon of SS. Cosma e Damiano | 1426, May 24 | Pope Martin V |  |
| Prospero Colonna | Roman | Deacon of S. Giorgio in Velabro | 1426, May 24, published on November 8, 1430 | Pope Martin V (Cardinal-nephew) |  |

The Council of Constance confirmed the cardinals created by all three obediences of the time of the Schism. Seven participants were named cardinal by Pope Martin V, three by "Pisan" Antipope John XXIII, two by "Roman" Pope Gregory XII, one by "Roman" Pope Innocent VII and one by Antipope Benedict XIII of Avignon.

## Absentees

Four electors did not participate in this conclave:

| Elector | Nationality | Cardinalatial Title | Elevated | Elevator | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Pierre de Foix, O.F.M. | French | Cardinal-Priest of S. Stefano al Monte Celio | September, 1414 | Antipope John XXIII | Legate in Avignon; administrator of Comminges |
| Niccolo Albergati, O.Carth. | Bolognese | Priest of S. Croce in Gerusalemme | 1426, May 24 | Pope Martin V | Administrator of Bologna; Papal legate in France |
| Henry Beaufort | English | Priest of S. Eusebio | 1426, May 24 | Pope Martin V | Administrator of Winchester; legate *a latere* in England |
| Giuliano Cesarini | Roman | Deacon of S. Angelo in Pescheria | 1426, May 24, published on November 8, 1430 | Pope Martin V | Papal legate in Germany |

All the absentee electors were created by Martin V, except Pierre de Foix, who was elevated by Pisan Antipope John XXIII.

## Non-electors

Pope Martin V initiated the custom of creating cardinals without publishing their names at the time (similar to in pectore). At the time of his death the names of two of his secret nominees remained unpublished and, therefore, they were not regarded as members of the Sacred College. They were Juan Casanova, administrator of Elne, and Guillaume Ragenel de Montfort, bishop of Saint-Malo, and they both were later created again by Eugene IV. However, two cardinals also created initially *in pectore* but later published were not allowed to participate in this conclave, because some necessary rites had not been accomplished at the death of Martin V:

| Elector | Nationality | Cardinalatial Title | Elevated | Elevator | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Domingo Ram, O.C.R.S.A. | Catalan | Priest of SS. Giovanni e Paolo | 1426, May 24, published on November 8, 1430, but without finishing the rite of his investiture as cardinal | Pope Martin V | Administrator of Lerida |
| Domenico Capranica | Capranica Prenestina, Papal States | Deacon of S. Maria in Via Lata | 1426, May 24, published on November 8, 1430, but without finishing the rite of his investiture as cardinal | Pope Martin V | Administrator of Fermo; Governor of Perugia and of the Duchy of Spoleto |

## The election of Pope Eugene IV

The Mass of the Holy Spirit was sung on Thursday March 1, 1431 by Cardinal Giordano Orsini, the Bishop of Albano, *prior Cardinalium*. On March 2 all cardinals present in Rome entered the conclave in Santa Maria sopra Minerva. On 2 March, the electors prepared and subscribed the conclave capitulation. The terms of the Capitulation, which contained at least eight clauses, included:

* Half of papal revenue was to be shared with the College of Cardinals
* No major issues were to be decided without the consent of the College

The first scrutiny took place on the following day, 3 March, and ended with unanimous election of Cardinal Gabriele Condulmer, who took the name of Eugene IV. On Sunday 11 March he was solemnly crowned on the steps of the patriarchal Vatican Basilica by Cardinal Alfonso Carrillo de Albornoz of S. Eustachio, the Cardinal Protodeacon.

1. The list of participants is reconstructed according to the subscriptions on conclave capitulation, published in Annales Ecclesiastici, vol. 28, p. 90
2. A. Theiner (ed.), *Caesaris S.R.E. Cardinalis Baronii Annales Ecclesiastici* Tomus 28 (Bar-le-Duc 1874), under the year 1431, no. 7, p. 84.
3. Gregorovius believed that the document as quoted was incomplete, *History of Rome in the Middle Ages* Volume VII. 1, p. 26.

## Sources

## Bibliography

* F. Petruccelli della Gattina, *Histoire diplomatique des conclaves* Volume I (Paris: 1864), 236-252.
* William Cornwallis Cartwright, *On the Constitution of Papal Conclaves* (Edinburgh 1878) 125-129.
* Ferdinand Gregorovius, *The History of Rome in the Middle Ages* (translated from the fourth German edition by A. Hamilton) Volume 7 part 1 \[Book XIII, Chapter 1\] (London 1900) 22-26.
* Ludwig Pastor, *History of the Popes* (tr. R.F. Kerr) Volume I (St. Louis 1906).
* Peter Partner, *The Papal State under Martin V* (London 1958).

## InfoBox

| Papal conclave
March 1431
 | |
| --- | --- |
| Dates and location | |
| 2–3 March 1431
Santa Maria sopra Minerva, Papal States | |
| Key officials | |
| Dean | Giordano Orsini |
| Protopriest | Antonio Panciera |
| Protodeacon | Alfonso Carrillo de Albornoz |
| Election | |
| Ballots | 1 |
| Elected pope | |
| **Gabriele Condulmer**
Name taken: **Eugene IV** | |
|  | |
|