title: NaviDrive

abstract:
The NaviDrive system is voice-activated radio, CD player, telephone, and navigation system (GPS) all in one unit, assembled in Citroën and Peugeots vehicles. It includes a special function for reading back incoming text messages and dedicated buttons for dialling up the emergency or recovery services. Its main functions and characteristics are:
- monochrome or 7" color screen
- Complete GPS Navigation system
- Radio, CD player with MP3 and CD changer for 6 CDs
- Integrated GSM dual band handsfree telephone
- Text-to-speech
- Voice recognition
- Real-time traffic information (RDS-TMC) In certain countries, in the case of an accident, this system sends a text message containing the exact GPS position of the vehicle followed by a voice call to a special telephonic assistance platform which receives the position and the voice call. This platform determines the kind of urgency by asking a few questions and sends the appropriate emergency services to the exact location of the vehicle.

text:
# NaviDrive

The **NaviDrive** system is voice-activated radio, CD player, telephone, and navigation system (GPS) all in one unit, assembled in Citroën (Citroën C8, C6, C5, C4 and C3) and Peugeots vehicles. It includes a special function for reading back incoming text messages and dedicated buttons for dialling up the emergency or recovery services (to whom it can indicate the car position).

Its main functions and characteristics are:

\- monochrome or 7" color screen

\- Complete GPS Navigation system

\- Radio, CD player with MP3 and CD changer for 6 CDs

\- Integrated GSM dual band handsfree telephone

\- Text-to-speech (reading of SMS messages)

\- Voice recognition ("guide to John",...)

\- Real-time traffic information (RDS-TMC)

In certain countries (France, Germany, Spain, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands and Luxemburg), in the case of an accident (by pressing a button or automatically when an airbag deploys), this system sends a text message containing the exact GPS position of the vehicle followed by a voice call to a special telephonic assistance platform which receives the position and the voice call. This platform determines the kind of urgency (medical, accident, fire,...) by asking a few questions and sends the appropriate emergency services to the exact location of the vehicle.


title: NaviSoft

abstract: NaviSoft was a web server, web publishing and web hosting company based in the United States that was the first company to offer an integrated solution that combined a high-performance programmable web server, NaviServer, with a WYSIWYG HTML authoring tool, NaviPress, and a public web site for hosting published pages, public.navisoft.com. NaviSoft was acquired by AOL on November 30, 1994. Under AOL, the products and hosting service were rebranded AOLpress, AOLserver, and AOL PrimeHost, and AOL continued to offer those products and services through AOL's Internet Services Company. In 1995, AOL also acquired the Global Network Navigator (GNN) and offered NaviSoft's products under the GNN brand. as well. AOL eventually stopped offering the WYSIWYG HTML authoring tool and web hosting services, but they continued to use AOLServer internally to run AOL's web services. In 1999, AOL released the source code to AOLServer as open-source under the GNU or AOLServer Public License. A friendly fork of version 4.10 of the AOLServer source code was released, and is still being developed and maintained, as NaviServer.

text:
# NaviSoft

**NaviSoft** was a web server, web publishing and web hosting company based in the United States that was the first company to offer an integrated solution that combined a high-performance programmable web server, NaviServer, with a WYSIWYG HTML authoring tool, NaviPress, and a public web site for hosting published pages, public.navisoft.com. NaviSoft was acquired by AOL on November 30, 1994.

Under AOL, the products and hosting service were rebranded AOLpress, AOLserver, and AOL PrimeHost, and AOL continued to offer those products and services through AOL's Internet Services Company. In 1995, AOL also acquired the Global Network Navigator (GNN) and offered NaviSoft's products under the GNN brand. as well.

AOL eventually stopped offering the WYSIWYG HTML authoring tool and web hosting services, but they continued to use AOLServer internally to run AOL's web services. In 1999, AOL released the source code to AOLServer as open-source under the GNU or AOLServer Public License. A friendly fork of version 4.10 of the AOLServer source code was released, and is still being developed and maintained, as NaviServer.

## InfoBox

NaviSoft
| Company type | Subsidiary of AOL |
| --- | --- |
| Industry | Internet, Software, Web Server, Web Publishing |
| Founded | 1993 |
| Headquarters | Goleta, California USA
(as an independent company)
Dulles, Virginia USA
(after becoming part of AOL) |
| Key people | Linda Dozier (CTO) and
David C. Cole (CEO) |
| Products | Web Server, Web Publishing, Web Hosting |
| Parent | AOL (after 1994) |


title: Year of the Spider

abstract: Year of the Spider is the third studio album by American rock band Cold. It was released on May 13, 2003, through Geffen Records. The album was Cold's most commercially successful, debuting at number three on the Billboard album charts, with over 101,000 copies sold in its first week. Early pressings of Year of the Spider were shipped with a DVD and a temporary tattoo of the Cold spider logo. The DVD included the making of the video for "Stupid Girl", fan testimonials, and some home video shot during the recording of the album. This is also the last album with guitarists Terry Balsamo and Kelly Hayes.

text:
# Year of the Spider

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *Blender* |  |
| *The Encyclopedia of Popular Music* |  |
| *Melodic* |  |
| *Rolling Stone* |  |
| *USA Today* |  |

***Year of the Spider*** is the third studio album by American rock band Cold. It was released on May 13, 2003, through Geffen Records. The album was Cold's most commercially successful, debuting at number three on the *Billboard* album charts, with over 101,000 copies sold in its first week. Early pressings of *Year of the Spider* were shipped with a DVD and a temporary tattoo of the Cold spider logo. The DVD included the making of the (as well as the actual) video for "Stupid Girl", fan testimonials, and some home video shot during the recording of the album. This is also the last album with guitarists Terry Balsamo and Kelly Hayes.

## Background

A year prior to the album's release, the mellow ballad "Gone Away" was released on the *WWE Tough Enough 2* soundtrack. Its music video, which met with considerable airplay upon release, listed it as from the album *Year of the Spider* despite the long wait for its release. "Gone Away" was subsequently used as a hidden track; the song begins at 16:06 after 13 minutes and 13 seconds of silence (a reference to the superstitious nature of the band's previous effort *13 Ways to Bleed on Stage*). The song "Came All The Way" was a B-side, which was cut late from the album. It's mentioned on the back cover of the album's booklet. It was later released on the Psi Ops soundtrack.

The album was frequently postponed from its projected release date. As early as April 2002, *Year of the Spider* was scheduled by Geffen for an October 2002 release. Frontman Scooter Ward also expected Elias Soriano of Nonpoint to contribute, but this did not come to fruition.

## Composition and lyrics

With producer Howard Benson on hand, *Year of the Spider* is significantly more commercial than its dark predecessor, *13 Ways to Bleed on Stage*. It features a variety of guitar styles, violin, viola, and cello, and digital effects as well as a number of power ballads. While still dwelling on topics like drug abuse and relationships, other topics are covered. "Cure My Tragedy" deals with the struggle with the cancer Scooter Ward's sister was having during the album's recording. "The Day Seattle Died" is about the deaths of grunge icons Kurt Cobain and Layne Staley. The band originally called the song "Kurt", but decided to pay homage to Staley as well after contemplating the apathy of the media towards his death; "\[Staley\] dies, and he doesn't even get on the front page of *Rolling Stone*. I have to do somethin'- not that I matter at all, but it matters to me." The album's final song, "Kill the Music Industry", was not directly about any record label or individual, but the state of the music industry, according to Scooter Ward; "I hate all the bullshit they try to cram down your throat. Every kind of music I hear has no emotion to it anymore- no feeling, no depth in the lyrics."

## Singles

"Stupid Girl", served as the album's lead single and was the only Cold single to crack the *Billboard* Hot 100, where it peaked at number 87. Its music video garnered frequent airplay as well. Like "Gone Away", the introductory song "Remedy" was used by WWE as the theme for the Backlash 2003 pay-per-view.

Following the release of the album's second single, "Suffocate", to radio stations, plans were set-forth for a video to accompany the song. However, for reasons unknown, Geffen refused to make the video or promote the album any further. The stalemate with the label led to frustrations within the band, and in early 2004, Terry Balsamo departed, replacing Ben Moody as lead guitarist in Evanescence. Balsamo was later replaced by ex-Darwin's Waiting Room guitarist Eddie Rendini. The band made efforts to release another single in "Wasted Years", but Geffen stayed true to their earlier promise by not financing or promoting the album any further.

## Track listing

(All songs written by Scooter Ward, except where noted)

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Remedy" | 2:57 |
| 2. | "Suffocate" (featuring Sierra Swan) | 3:39 |
| 3. | "Cure My Tragedy (A Letter to God)" | 3:55 |
| 4. | "Stupid Girl" (Ward, Rivers Cuomo) | 3:09 |
| 5. | "Don't Belong" | 3:40 |
| 6. | "Wasted Years" | 4:07 |
| 7. | "Whatever You Became" | 3:45 |
| 8. | "Sad Happy" | 3:36 |
| 9. | "Rain Song" | 3:37 |
| 10. | "The Day Seattle Died" | 3:34 |
| 11. | "Change the World" | 4:01 |
| 12. | "Black Sunday" | 4:30 |
| 13. | "Kill the Music Industry" (Listed as "Kill the Fucking Music Industry" in album booklet. Kill the Music Industry ends at 2:56; hidden track entitled "Gone Away") | 19:13 |

* "Gone Away" is embedded with "Kill the Music Industry", and begins at 16:06 after 13:13 of silence – a reference to the superstitious nature of their previous effort *13 Ways to Bleed on Stage*.

## Personnel

Credits adapted from album's liner notes.

## Charts

**Singles***Billboard* (North America)

| Year | Single | Chart | Position |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2003 | "Stupid Girl" | Mainstream Rock Tracks | 4 |
| | | Modern Rock Tracks | 6 |
| | | The *Billboard* Hot 100 | 87 |
| | "Suffocate" | Mainstream Rock Tracks | 17 |
| | Modern Rock Tracks | 21 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| United States (RIAA) | Gold | 500,000^ |
| ^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## InfoBox

| Year of the Spider | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Cold | |
| Released | May 13, 2003 |
| Recorded | September–December 2002 |
| Studio |  |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 63:43 |
| Label |  |
| Producer |  |
| Cold chronology | |
| *13 Ways to Bleed on Stage*
(2000) ***Year of the Spider***
(2003) *A Different Kind of Pain*
(2005) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Year of the Spider* | |
| 1. "Stupid Girl"
Released: March 18, 2003 2. "Suffocate"
Released: June 10, 2003 | |
|  | |


title: Yang Guang Qing School of Beijing

abstract: The Yang Guang Qing School of Beijing, abbreviated to YGQ, is an independent international high school in Beijing, China. YGQ follows the high school curriculum of Manitoba, Canada to around 130 full-time students who board on site. It is accredited by the Ministry of Education in Manitoba and has a partnership with the Great Lakes College of Toronto. The school teaches a number of subjects, including social studies, humanities, English, maths, science, IT, fine and performing arts, physical education and health.

text:
# Yang Guang Qing School of Beijing

| Yang Guang Qing School of Beijing | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Simplified Chinese | 北京市阳光情（国际）学校 |
| Traditional Chinese | 北京市陽光情（國際）學校 |
| Literal meaning | Beijing City Yang Guang Qing (International) School |
| Transcriptions  Standard Mandarin  Hanyu Pinyin Běijīng Shì Yángguāngqíng Guójì Xuéxiào | |
|  | |

The **Yang Guang Qing School of Beijing,** abbreviated to YGQ, is an independent international high school in Beijing, China.

YGQ follows the high school curriculum of Manitoba, Canada to around 130 full-time students who board on site. It is accredited by the Ministry of Education in Manitoba and has a partnership with the Great Lakes College of Toronto. The school teaches a number of subjects, including social studies, humanities, English, maths, science, IT, fine and performing arts, physical education and health.

## InfoBox

| Yang Guang Qing School of Beijing
北京市阳光情（国际）学校 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | |
|  | |
| Intersection of Taihe 2nd St and Boxing 7th Rd, Daxing District, Beijing
China | |
| Information | |
| Type | Independent boarding high school |
| Founded | 1999 (1999) |
| Principal | Derrick Berry |
| Website | www.ygqschool.com |


title: Yang Guangxian

abstract: Yang Guangxian was a Confucian writer and astronomer who was the head of the Bureau of Astronomy (欽天監) from 1665 to 1669.

text:
# Yang Guangxian

**Yang Guangxian** (Chinese: 楊光先, 1597–1669) was a Confucian writer and astronomer who was the head of the Bureau of Astronomy (欽天監) from 1665 to 1669.

## Biography

Yang Guangxian was an assistant guard commander (Chinese: 副千戶; pinyin: *fu qianhu*) of the Xinanwei (新安卫) in Southern Zhili during the late Ming period. In 1637, he went to Beijing and then tried to advance himself by charging other people with criminal acts, or blackmailing them. When he tried this against Grand Secretary Wen Tiren (溫體仁), he was exiled to Liaoxi (遼西), where he stayed until the end of the Ming Dynasty in 1644. In Liaoxi, he learned astrology and fortunetelling.

Upon his return to Beijing, his new skills in astrology made it possible for him to pose as an astronomer, which gave him entrance into the higher circles. But the highest positions for astronomers were all taken by Jesuits. In 1659, he wrote *On Collecting Errors* (Chinese: 摘謬論; pinyin: **Zhaimiu Lun**), a criticism of the Western calendar. He also wrote his first attack on Christianity, *On Exposing Heterodoxy* (Chinese: 辟邪論; pinyin: **Bixie Lun**). But his first direct attack on the leading Jesuit astronomer of the court, Johann Adam Schall von Bell, appeared in 1660, when he sent *A Call to Rectify the Country* (Chinese: 正國體呈稿; pinyin: **Zheng guoti cheng gao**) to the Board of Rites (禮部), claiming that they wanted to Westernize the Chinese calendar. It was rejected.

More writings followed over the next few years. These were collected in 1665 as *I Cannot Do Otherwise* (Chinese: 不得已; pinyin: **Budeyi**). The most important of these articles appeared in September 1664: *A Complaint Requesting Punishment for the Evil Religion* (Chinese: 請誅邪教狀; pinyin: **Qing zhu xiejiao zhuang**). This time, it was accepted by the Board of Rites. In it, he claimed that Schall was responsible for the death of Consort Donggo in 1660 by choosing an inauspicious day for the burial of her son in 1658. Schall suffered a stroke during the investigations and had to be supported by the Flemish Jesuit Ferdinand Verbiest.

In April 1665, Schall and seven of his Chinese assistants were found guilty and sentenced to death. Eventually, only five Christian Chinese were executed: all Christian missionaries were exiled to Macau instead, with only the four Jesuits remaining in Beijing. Adam Schall, who died in 1666, would not live long enough to see the ban lifted in 1671.

Yang Guangxian became the head of the Chinese Bureau of Astronomy (欽天監監正). He took possession of the Jesuit compound in Xuanwumen, ordering the Chinese translations of western science books to be burned along with religious statues, and turning the church into a hall with his own picture hung over the main altar. In 1668, however, he was removed from the post and replaced again by the Flemish Jesuit Ferdinand Verbiest, because he could not produce a valid calendar during a competition with the Jesuit astronomers. The previous case against the Jesuits was reinvestigated and all findings were reversed. Yang was sentenced to death, only to be exiled to his native village due to his old age. He died the next year during his journey home.


title: National heritage sites of South Africa

abstract: Section 27 of the National Heritage Resources Act (NHRA) of South Africa provides for places of historic or cultural importance to be designated national heritage sites. This came into effect with the introduction of the Act on 1 April 2000, when all former national monuments declared by the former National Monuments Council and its predecessors became provincial heritage sites as provided for in Section 58 of the Act. Both national and provincial heritage sites are protected under the terms of Section 27 of the NHRA, and a permit is required to work on them. National heritage sites are declared and administered by the national heritage resources authority, SAHRA; provincial heritage sites fall within the domain of the various provincial heritage resources authorities. The SAHRA logo is used to mark national heritage sites.

text:
# National heritage sites of South Africa

Section 27 of the National Heritage Resources Act (NHRA) of South Africa provides for places of historic or cultural importance to be designated **national heritage sites**. This came into effect with the introduction of the Act on 1 April 2000, when all former national monuments declared by the former National Monuments Council and its predecessors became provincial heritage sites as provided for in Section 58 of the Act.

Both national and provincial heritage sites are protected under the terms of Section 27 of the NHRA, and a permit is required to work on them. National heritage sites are declared and administered by the national heritage resources authority, SAHRA; provincial heritage sites fall within the domain of the various provincial heritage resources authorities.

The SAHRA logo is used to mark national heritage sites.

## Current sites

Currently proclaimed national heritage sites are:

Provincial heritage resources authorities Previous Heritage conservation authorities  1. National Heritage Resources Act, Act 25 of 1999, Government Notice 506, Republic of South Africa Government Gazette, Vol. 406, No 19974, Cape Town, 28 April 1999
2. National Heritage Resources Act, Act 25 of 1999, Government Notice 506, Republic of South Africa Government Gazette, Vol. 406, No 19974, Cape Town, 28 April 1999
3. "9/2/233/0032 - Bolts Farm, Sterkfontein 173 IQ (portion 32), Gauteng". South African Heritage Resources Agency. Retrieved 16 September 2013.
4. "9/2/233/0024 - Coopers, Zwartkrans 172 IQ, Gauteng". South African Heritage Resources Agency. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 16 September 2013.
5. "9/2/084/0002 - Cape Winelands Cultural Landscape: Dwars River Valley / Ida's Valley / Simondium - Groot Drakenstein". South African Heritage Resources Agency. Retrieved 16 September 2013.
6. "9/2/233/0017 - Gladysvale, Uitkomst 499 JQ, Gauteng". South African Heritage Resources Agency. Retrieved 16 September 2013.
7. "9/2/233/0035 - Plover's Lake, Kromdraai 520 JQ, Gauteng". South African Heritage Resources Agency. Retrieved 16 September 2013.
8. "9/2/233/0012 - Swartkrans Palaeontological Site, Zwartkrans 172, Krugersdorp District". South African Heritage Resources Agency. Archived from the original on 16 September 2013. Retrieved 16 September 2013.
9. Somdyala, Jenni Evans and Kamva. "Arts & Culture minister declares 19 areas as heritage sites in Bo-Kaap". *News24*. Retrieved 2023-04-10.
10. "9/2/069/0041 - Boschendal Founders Estate, Dwarsrivier Valley". South African Heritage Resources Agency. Retrieved 16 September 2013.
11. "Bushmanskloof". *South African Heritage Resources Agency*. Retrieved 2023-04-10.
12. "Rock Art & Heritage, Bushmans Kloof Wilderness Reserve & Wellness Retreat, Western Cape, South Africa". *bushmanskloof.co.za*. Retrieved 2023-04-10.
13. "9/2/018/0056 =". *SAHRA*. Retrieved 2023-04-18.
14. "9/2/084/0002 - Cape Winelands Cultural Landscape: Dwars River Valley / Ida's Valley / Simondium - Groot Drakenstein". South African Heritage Resources Agency. Archived from the original on 16 September 2013. Retrieved 16 September 2013.
15. "9/2/228/241/3 - Women's Project: Charlotte Maxeke Grave, Nancefield, Soweto". South African Heritage Resources Agency. Retrieved 16 September 2013.
16. "Chief Tyali Grave". *South African Heritage Resources Agency*. Retrieved 2023-04-10.
17. "9/2/228/0035 - Constitution Hill". *South African Heritage Resources Agency*. Retrieved 2023-04-10.
18. "Freedom Square - Freedom Square". *South African Heritage Resources Agency*. Retrieved 2023-04-10.
19. "9/2/258/0186 - Freedom Park". *South African Heritage Resources Agency*. Retrieved 2023-04-10.
20. "9/2/212/0016 - Gondolin, Broederstroom 481 JQ, North West". South African Heritage Resources Agency. Retrieved 16 September 2013.
21. "9/2/228/241/2 - Helen Joseph Grave". *South African Heritage Resources Agency*. Retrieved 2023-04-10.
22. "9/2/018/0234 - Houses of Parliament". *South African Heritage Resources Agency*. Retrieved 2023-04-10.
23. "9/2/238/0012 - Kaditshwene Cultural landscape (ruins)". South African Heritage Resources Agency. Retrieved 16 September 2013.
24. "9/2/044/0003 | SAHRA". *South African Heritage Resources Agency*. Retrieved 2023-04-10.
25. "9/2/233/0022-001 - Kromdraai Palaeontological Reserve, Kromdraai 71, Krugersdorp District". South African Heritage Resources Agency. Archived from the original on 15 April 2014. Retrieved 16 September 2013.
26. "9/2/269/0023 - Lake Fundudzi". *South African Heritage Resources Agency*. Retrieved 2023-04-10.
27. "9/2/228/241/1 - Lilian Ngoyi\] Grave". *South African Heritage Resources Agency*. Retrieved 2023-04-10.
28. "9/2/228/0221 - Liliesleaf Farm". *South African Heritage Resources Agency*. Retrieved 2023-04-10.
29. "9/2/069/0166 - Victor Verster prison "Madiba House", farm Watervleit". South African Heritage Resources Agency. Retrieved 16 September 2013.
30. "9/2/257/0003 - Makapans Valley and Limeworks at Makapansgat, Potgietersrus District". South African Heritage Resources Agency. Archived from the original on 12 November 2013. Retrieved 16 September 2013.
31. "9/2/240/0001 - Mapungubwe Archaeological Site, Greefswald, Messina District". South African Heritage Resources Agency. Archived from the original on 19 August 2013. Retrieved 16 September 2013.
32. "9/2/233/0033 - Motsetse, Tweefontein 523 JQ, Gauteng". South African Heritage Resources Agency. Retrieved 16 September 2013.
33. "9/2/069/0001/002 - Non Pareille, Daljosafat, Paarl District". South African Heritage Resources Agency. Retrieved 16 September 2013.
34. "9/2/079/0009 - Noordkapperpunt Fish Traps". *South African Heritage Resources Agency*. Retrieved 2023-04-10.
35. "9/2/033/0007 - Owl House". *South African Heritage Resources Agency*. Retrieved 2023-04-10.
36. "9/2/228/241 | SAHRA". *South African Heritage Resources Agency*. Retrieved 2023-04-10.
37. "9/2/018/0004 - Robben Island, Table Bay". South African Heritage Resources Agency. Archived from the original on 22 April 2013. Retrieved 16 September 2013.
38. "S.A. Government Gazette No 42127 2018".
39. "9/2/034/0004 - Sarah Bartmann Site, R331 Hankey, Kouga Municipality". South African Heritage Resources Agency. Retrieved 16 September 2013.
40. "SHIPWRECKID2658 - São José". *South African Heritage Resources Agency*. Retrieved 2023-04-10.
41. "9/2/422/0009 - Game Pass Shelter". *South African Heritage Resources Agency*. Retrieved 2023-04-10.
42. "9/2/412/0018 - Sibhudu Cave". *South African Heritage Resources Agency*. Retrieved 2023-04-10.
43. "SHIPWRECKID1512 - SAS Pietermaritzburg". South African Heritage Resources Agency. Archived from the original on 16 September 2013. Retrieved 16 September 2013.
44. "National Heritage Resources Act (25/1999): Declaration as a National Heritage Site" (PDF). *Government Gazette*. **578** (36776). 23 August 2013.
45. "Sharpeville Massacre victims Grave Sites | SAHRA". *South African Heritage Resources Agency*. Retrieved 2023-04-10.
46. "Mendi Memorial". *South African Heritage Resources Agency*. Retrieved 2023-04-10.
47. "9/2/233/0004 - Sterkfontein Caves, Zwartkrans, Krugersdorp District". South African Heritage Resources Agency. Retrieved 16 September 2013.
48. "STONE WALL". *SAHRA 2020*. 25 November 2020. Retrieved 2023-04-10.
49. "TAUNG". *SAHRA 2020*. 20 January 2020. Retrieved 2023-04-10.
50. "Union Buildings declared a national heritage site". *EWN*. 16 December 2013. Retrieved 16 December 2013.
51. "9/2/258/0097 - Voortrekker Monument, farm Groenkloof, Pretoria". South African Heritage Resources Agency. Archived from the original on 16 September 2013. Retrieved 16 September 2013.
52. "The Wesleyan Church". *South African Heritage Resources Agency*. Retrieved 2023-04-10.
53. "9/2/228/0203 - Walter Sisulu Square". *South African Heritage Resources Agency*. Retrieved 2023-04-10.
54. "SAHRA has declared the West Coast Fossil Park as a National Heritage Site". *South African Heritage Resources Agency*. Retrieved 2023-04-10.
55. "9/2/055/0005 - Wonderwerk Cave, Kuruman District". South African Heritage Resources Agency. Retrieved 16 September 2013.
56. Notice No 178, *Government Gazette* Vol 537, No 33006, pp 11-13, 12 March 2010.

Provincial Heritage Resources Authorities:


title: Yelkanum Seclamatan

abstract: Yelkanum Seclamatan, also known as Chief Jim, Indian Jim, Lynden Jim, or Squahalish Jim, was chief of the Nooksack Indians in the late 19th century. His first name has variously been spelled Yellakanim, Yallakanum, or Yellow Kanim, and his last name Seklameten or Seclamatum.

text:
# Yelkanum Seclamatan

**Yelkanum Seclamatan** (/jɛlˈknəm səˈklæmətən/ *yel-KAY-nəm sə-KLAM-ə-tən*; Nooksack: *Y'elʔqáy'nem Selh'émeten* \[jˀəlʔˈqæjˀnəm səˈɬʼəməˌtən\]; died April 1911), also known as **Chief Jim**, **Indian Jim**, **Lynden Jim**, or **Squahalish Jim**, was chief of the Nooksack Indians in the late 19th century. His first name has variously been spelled *Yellakanim*, *Yallakanum*, or *Yellow Kanim*, and his last name *Seklameten* or *Seclamatum*.

## Life

In the late 1870s, Yelkanum contributed portions of his land to be used in the construction of a Nooksack Indian Methodist School by Clara and Rev. John Tennant (after whom Tennant Lake is named). In 1893 Tennant died of a stroke, and ten years later Yelkanum married his Lummi wife Clara Tennant. However, three months after their marriage Clara died of pneumonia.

Yelkanum's death was announced in *The Bellingham Herald* on April 27, 1911. At the time he lived with his granddaughter Emily Williams.

## InfoBox

| Yelkanum Seclamatan | |
| --- | --- |
| Y'elʔqáy'nem Selh'émeten | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Nooksack leader | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Squahalish, Washington |
| Died | Lynden, Washington |
| Spouse(s) | Fannie<br>Clara Tennant |
| Relations | Nina (sister; died 1875) |
| Children |  |
| Nickname | Lynden Jim or Indian Jim |
|  | |


title: Ne-Yo: The Collection

abstract: Ne-Yo: The Collection is the first compilation album by American singer-songwriter Ne-Yo. The album was released in Japan on September 2, 2009. The album was also released with a limited edition CD+DVD version complete with the music videos from each of Ne-Yo's singles under the title "Ne-Yo: The Collection - Complete Edition".

text:
# Ne-Yo: The Collection

***Ne-Yo: The Collection*** is the first compilation album by American singer-songwriter Ne-Yo. The album was released in Japan on September 2, 2009. The album was also released with a limited edition CD+DVD version complete with the music videos from each of Ne-Yo's singles under the title "Ne-Yo: The Collection - Complete Edition".

## Track listing

CD
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Because of You" | 4:26 |
| 2. | "So Sick" | 3:27 |
| 3. | "Sexy Love" | 3:40 |
| 4. | "Closer" | 3:54 |
| 5. | "Stay (featuring Peedi Peedi)" | 3:51 |
| 6. | "Miss Independent" | 3:53 |
| 7. | "Crazy (featuring Jay-Z)" | 4:21 |
| 8. | "In the Way" | 4:16 |
| 9. | "Go On Girl" | 4:21 |
| 10. | "Mad" | 4:14 |
| 11. | "When You're Mad" | 3:42 |
| 12. | "Can We Chill" | 4:24 |
| 13. | "Part of the List" | 4:10 |
| 14. | "Do You (featuring Hikaru Utada)" | 3:48 |
| 15. | "Because of You (Remix) (featuring Kanye West)" | 4:20 |

Ne-Yo: The Collection - Complete Edition DVD
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Stay" |  |
| 2. | "So Sick" |  |
| 3. | "When You're Mad" |  |
| 4. | "Sexy Love" |  |
| 5. | "Because of You" |  |
| 6. | "Do You" |  |
| 7. | "Can We Chill" |  |
| 8. | "Go On Girl In the Way" |  |
| 9. | "Closer" |  |
| 10. | "Miss Independent" |  |
| 11. | "Mad" |  |
| 12. | "Part of the List" |  |

## Charts

Oricon Album Chart at #4, behind local acts such as Crystal Kay, and sold 55,625 copies that week. The album also debuted at #4 on the Billboard Japan Hot 100 album chart. It sold another 38,943 copies the next week.

| Charts (2009) | Peak
Position | Certification | Sales |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Japan Albums Chart | 4 | Gold | 94,568 |

## Release history

| Region | Country | Date | Label |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Asia | Japan | September 2, 2009 | Universal Music Japan |

## InfoBox

| Ne-Yo: The Collection | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Compilation album by Ne-Yo | |
| Released | September 2, 2009 (Japan) |
| Recorded | 2005–2008 |
| Genre | R&B |
| Label | Universal Music Japan |
| Producer | Ne-Yo, Stargate, Eric Hudson, The Heavyweights, Ron "Neff-U" Feemster, Chuck Harmony, J. R. Rotem |
| Ne-Yo chronology | |
| *Year of the Gentleman*
(2008) ***Ne-Yo: The Collection***
(2009) *Libra Scale*
(2010) | |


title: Yianni Agisilaou

abstract: Yianni Agisilaou is an Australian-born comedian based in the United Kingdom. His comedy normally takes the form of an illustrated lecture on a single central theme. He is a frequent performer at both the Edinburgh Fringe and the Melbourne Comedy Festival. He has appeared on television shows such as Take The Mike (ITV) and Raw Comedy (ABC).

text:
# Yianni Agisilaou

**Yianni Agisilaou** (born 5 April 1978) is an Australian-born comedian based in the United Kingdom. His comedy normally takes the form of an illustrated lecture on a single central theme. He is a frequent performer at both the Edinburgh Fringe and the Melbourne Comedy Festival. He has appeared on television shows such as Take The Mike (ITV) and Raw Comedy (ABC).

## Life

He was born on 5 April 1978 in Melbourne, Australia into a family of Greek-Cypriot descent. His secondary education was at Scotch College, Melbourne. He then studied Law and Finance at the University of Melbourne graduating LLB BCom (Hons) and began working in the legal firm of Baker & McKenzie. However, he abandoned his legal career in favour of a life on the comedy circuits.

He began stand-up in 2000 in Australia whilst still at university and found fairly success as Best New Act of 2001. He then appeared in the TV show Raw Comedy, reaching the final in Melbourne Town Hall in front of a live audience of 1,500. In 2002 he performed acts in both the United States and Great Britain during a 6-month break from the legal world. He moved to London in August 2004.

One of his largest shows was the 1200 capacity Edinburgh International Conference Centre during the 2013 Edinburgh Fringe Think Big tour. He was also one of the performers at a 4000 crowd in Johannesburg in South Africa. He regularly comperes and/or performs at music festivals and comedy festivals. He has entertained British troops in Afghanistan, Cyprus and the Falkland Islands.

His 2017 show "Pockets of Equality" is part of the Australian Broadcasting Company's "Comedy Next Gen" series beginning in November 2017.

## Performances

* Raw Prawns (2002) new Australian talent at the Edinburgh Fringe
* The World Stands Up (2005) (contributor)
* Yianni's Head Free Fringe, Edinburgh Festival (2006)
* Maybe You'd Like To Teach The Class Free Fringe, Edinburgh Festival (2007)
* MP3some Free Fringe, Edinburgh Festival (2009)
* The Universe: A User's Guide Free Fringe, Edinburgh Festival (2010)
* They @#@~ You Up, Greek Parents Free Fringe, Edinburgh Festival (2010)
* Things That Make You Go Ooooh Free Fringe, Edinburgh Festival (2011)
* Numb and Number Free Fringe, Edinburgh Festival (2012)
* Think Big Free Fringe, Edinburgh Festiva\] (2013)
* Why Did The Chicken Cross The Line? Free Fringe, Edinburgh Festival (2015)
* Comedians Against Humanity Free Fringe, Edinburgh Festival (2015–2017)
* The Simpsons Taught Me Everything I Know, Free Fringe, Edinburgh Festival (2016)
* The Un-Pinchable Pink Pen, Perth Fringe, Australia (2017)
* Pockets of Equality, Free Fringe, Edinburgh Festival (2017)
* I, Human, Edinburgh Fringe 2018

## InfoBox

| Yianni Agisilaou | |
| --- | --- |
| Agisilaou at the Free Fringe in Edinburgh, 2013 | |
| Born | (1978-04-05) 5 April 1978<br>Melbourne, Victoria, Australia |
| Education | Scotch College, Melbourne |
| Alma mater | University of Melbourne |
| Occupation | Comedian |
| Years active | 2000–present |
| Website | www.ycomedian.com |


title: Yirrell Beach

abstract: Yirrell Beach is a main beach of Winthrop, Massachusetts. The southern part is also known as Point Shirley Beach, as the neighborhood is Point Shirley. Farther north is Winthrop Beach, Short Beach and eventually Revere Beach in Revere. Yirrell Beach is located along Shirley Street and is a popular destination for families with small children, as the area by the base of Water Tower Hill is shallow for 300 feet (91 m). The beach is home to Winthrop's Sandcastle Festival in June and the Old Fashioned Family Day at the Beach in July.

text:
# Yirrell Beach

42°21′45.35″N 70°58′10.17″W / 42.3625972°N 70.9694917°W / 42.3625972; -70.9694917

**Yirrell Beach** is a main beach of Winthrop, Massachusetts. The southern part is also known as Point Shirley Beach, as the neighborhood is Point Shirley. Farther north is Winthrop Beach, Short Beach and eventually Revere Beach in Revere.

Yirrell Beach is located along Shirley Street and is a popular destination for families with small children, as the area by the base of Water Tower Hill is shallow for 300 feet (91 m). The beach is home to Winthrop's Sandcastle Festival in June and the Old Fashioned Family Day at the Beach in July.


title: Zindler curve

abstract:
A Zindler curve is a simple closed plane curve with the defining property that:
  - (L) All chords which cut the curve length into halves have the same length. The most simple examples are circles. The Austrian mathematician Konrad Zindler discovered further examples, and gave a method to construct them. Herman Auerbach was the first, who used the now established name Zindler curve. Auerbach proved that a figure bounded by a Zindler curve and with half the density of water will float in water in any position. This gives a negative answer to the bidimensional version of Stanislaw Ulam's problem on floating bodies, which asks if the disk is the only figure of uniform density which will float in water in any position. Zindler curves are also connected to the problem of establishing if it is possible to determine the direction of the motion of a bicycle given only the closed rear and front tracks.

text:
# Zindler curve

A **Zindler curve** is a simple closed plane curve with the defining property that:

**(L)** All chords which cut the curve length into halves have the same length.

The most simple examples are circles. The Austrian mathematician Konrad Zindler discovered further examples, and gave a method to construct them. Herman Auerbach was the first, who used (in 1938) the now established name *Zindler curve*.

Auerbach proved that a figure bounded by a Zindler curve and with half the density of water will float in water in any position. This gives a negative answer to the bidimensional version of Stanislaw Ulam's problem on floating bodies (Problem 19 of the Scottish Book), which asks if the disk is the only figure of uniform density which will float in water in any position (the original problem asks if the sphere is the only solid having this property in three dimension).

Zindler curves are also connected to the problem of establishing if it is possible to determine the direction of the motion of a bicycle given only the closed rear and front tracks.

## Equivalent definitions

An equivalent definition of a Zindler curve is the following one:

**(A)** All chords which cut the *area* into halves have the same length.

These chords are the same, which cut the curve length into halves.

Another definition is based on Zindler carousels of two chairs. Consider two smooth curves in **R**² given by λ1 and λ2. Suppose that the distance between points λ1(t) and λ2(t) are constant for each *t***R** and that the curve defined by the midpoints between λ1 and λ2 is such that its tangent vector at the point *t* is parallel to the segment from λ1(*t*) to λ2(*t*) for each *t*. If the curves λ1 and λ2 parametrizes the same smooth closed curve, then this curve is a Zindler curve.

## Examples

Consider a fixed real parameter $a$. For $a\>4$, any of the curves

$$z(u)=x(u)+iy(u)=e^{2iu}+2e^{-iu}+ae^{iu/2}\\;,\ u\in \[0,4\pi \]\\;,$$

is a Zindler curve. For $a\geq 24$ the curve is even *convex*. The diagram shows curves for $a=8$ (blue), $a=16$ (green) and $a=24$ (red). For $a\geq 8$ the curves are related to a curve of constant width.

*Proof of **(L)**:* The derivative of the parametric equation is

$z'(u)=i{\Big (}2e^{2iu}-2e^{-iu}+{\frac {a}{2}e^{iu/2}{\Big )}\\;}$ and

$$|z'(u)|^{2}=z'(u){\overline {z'(u)}=\cdots =8+{\frac {a^{2}{4}-8\cos 3u\\;.}}}$$

$|z'(u)|$ is $2\pi $-periodic. Hence for any $u\_{0}$ the following equation holds

$$\int \_{0}^{u\_{0}+2\pi }|z'(u)|\\,du=\int \_{0}^{2\pi }|z'(u)|\\,du\\;,$$

which is half the length of the entire curve. The desired chords, which divide the curve into halves are bounded by the points $\\;z(u\_{0})\\;,\\;z(u\_{0}+2\pi )\\;$ for any $u\_{0}\in \[0,4\pi \]$. The length of such a chord is $|z(u\_{0}+2\pi )-z(u\_{0})|=\cdots =|2ae^{iu\_{0}/2}|=2a\\;,$ hence independent of $u\_{0}$. ∎

For $a=4$ the desired chords meet the curve in an additional point (see Figure 3). Hence only for $a\>4$ the sample curves are Zindler curves.

## Generalizations

The property defining Zindler curves can also be generalized to chords that cut the perimeter of the curve in a fixed ratio α different from 1/2. In this case, one may consider a chord system (a continuous selection of chords) instead of all chords of the curve. These curves are known as α-Zindler curves, and are Zindler curves for α = 1/2. This generalization of Zindler curve has the following property related to the floating problem: let γ be a closed smooth curve with a chord system cutting the perimeter in a fixed ratio α. If all the chords of this chord system are in the interior of the region bounded by γ, then γ is a α-Zindler curve if and only if the region bounded by γ is a solid of uniform density ρ that floats in any orientation.

1. Bor, Gil; Levi, Mark; Perline, Ron; Tabachnikov, Sergei (2018). "Tire Tracks and Integrable Curve Evolution". *International Mathematics Research Notices*. **2020** (9): 2698–2768. arXiv:1705.06314. doi:10.1093/imrn/rny087.
2. Bracho, J.; Montejano, L.; Oliveros, D. (2004-12-01). "Carousels, Zindler curves and the floating body problem". *Periodica Mathematica Hungarica*. **49** (2): 9–23. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.542.926. doi:10.1007/s10998-004-0519-6. ISSN 0031-5303. S2CID 8229876.
3. W. Wunderlich: *Algebraische Beispiele ebener und räumlicher Zindler-Kurven*. Publ. Math. Debrecen 24 (1977), 289–297.(S. 291).
4. Bracho, J.; Montejano, L.; Oliveros, D. (2001-07-01). "A Classification Theorem for Zindler Carrousels". *Journal of Dynamical and Control Systems*. **7** (3): 367–384. doi:10.1023/A:1013099830164. ISSN 1079-2724. S2CID 116492433.
* Herman Auerbach: *Sur un problème de M. Ulam concernant l’équilibre des corps flottants (PDF; 796 kB)*, Studia Mathematica 7 (1938), 121–142.
* K. L. Mampel: *Über Zindlerkurven*, Journal für reine und angewandte Mathematik 234 (1969), 12–44.
* Konrad Zindler: *Über konvexe Gebilde. II. Teil*, Monatshefte für Mathematik und Physik 31 (1921), 25–56.
* H. Martini, S. Wu: *On Zindler Curves in Normed Planes*, Canadian Mathematical Bulletin 55 (2012), 767–773.
* J. Bracho, L. Montejano, D. Oliveros: *Carousels, Zindler curves and the floating body problem*, Periodica Mathematica Hungarica 49 (2004), 9–23.
* P. M. Gruber, J.M. Wills: *Convexity and Its Applications*, Springer, 1983, ISBN 978-3-0348-5860-1, p. 58.


title: Yeniüreğil, Bozüyük

abstract: Yeniüreğil is a village in the Bozüyük District, Bilecik Province, Turkey. Its population is 128 (2021).

text:
# Yeniüreğil, Bozüyük

**Yeniüreğil** is a village in the Bozüyük District, Bilecik Province, Turkey. Its population is 128 (2021).

## InfoBox

| Yeniüreğil | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| YeniüreğilLocation in TurkeyYeniüreğilYeniüreğil (Marmara) | |
| Coordinates: 39°45′N 29°53′E / 39.750°N 29.883°E / 39.750; 29.883 | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Bilecik |
| District | Bozüyük |
| Population (2021) | 128 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |


title: Navy Supply Corps School

abstract: The Navy Supply Corps School (NSCS), located in Newport, Rhode Island, comprises a 20-week training "Basic Qualification Course" (BQC) and other courses for newly commissioned and other Supply Corps officers in the US Navy. Those who successfully complete the courses are designated Ready for Sea in the Navy Supply Corps. The commanding officer currently is Captain T. Richie Jenkins, and the Executive Officer is Commander Jennifer Charlton.

text:
# Navy Supply Corps School

The **Navy Supply Corps School** (**NSCS**), located in Newport, Rhode Island, comprises a 20-week training "Basic Qualification Course" (BQC) and other courses for newly commissioned and other Supply Corps officers in the US Navy. Those who successfully complete the courses are designated Ready for Sea in the Navy Supply Corps.

The commanding officer currently is Captain T. Richie Jenkins, and the Executive Officer is Commander Jennifer Charlton.

## History

The origins of the Navy Supply Corps School dates back to 1905, when the Naval Pay Officers School was first created in the Navy Department in Washington, D.C. This school closed three months after opening. In 1918 the Officers Material School for Supply Corps was formed in Princeton University to manage the influx of new officers being qualified for assignments during World War I. The Officers Material School for Supply Corps closed along with the ending of WWI. In 1921 The Navy Supply Corps School of Application in Washington, D.C. had 25 students deeming its first official class. This school was closed three years later.

A new Navy School was opened by Capt. David Potter in 1934 as the Naval Finance and Supply School in the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard. In 1940 the Supply Corps Naval Reserve Officers School was established in Washington, D.C. Ten months later the two schools merged to form the Navy Supply Corps School (NSCS) at the Harvard University Graduate School of Business in Cambridge, Massachusetts. 1943 marked the first navy school allowing women located in Radcliffe College in Cambridge. This school was known as the Navy Supply Corps School for Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service.

The Naval Supply Operational Training Center was established in 1944 in Bayonne, New Jersey but later became a part of the NSCS and renamed as such. The NSCS school then transferred to Athens, Georgia in 1954 as larger facilities were required. The NSCS operated adjacent to the University of Georgia's University High School. The Athens NSCS closed in 2010 to relocate to Newport, Rhode Island. In January 2011, NSCS opened opposite the Naval War College in Newport, Rhode Island. In 2024, Capt. T. Richie Jenkins relieved Capt. Jason Warner as Commanding Officer of NSCS.

### Basic Qualifications Course

The Basic Qualification Course (BQC) is a 20-week in-person program that teaches management techniques essential for understanding Navy procedures through exams and practical assessments. The BQC teaches students supply management food service, retail operations, disbursing management, leadership management. These supply skills are tested through practical applications and examinations. The aim of the BQC is to get newly commissioned officers "Ready for Sea" as Supply Officers. All BQC students must complete a five-day Division Officer Leadership Course. This course teaches junior officers the skills to become an effective leader in an operational environment. This course is taught through scenario driven activities through use of interactive videos, role-playing and group-based discussions. Students will be placed in a work center, build working relationships with the Chain of Command, improve time management, and discuss functional administration all to develop leadership principles.

### Basic Qualifications Course - Navy Reserve

This program teaches individuals to become Navy Reserve supply officers. The Basic Qualifications Course - Navy Reserve (BQC-NR) program teaches fundamental, technical and managerial information required to be an effective Supply officer in the Navy Reserve. The total duration of the BQC-NR is 15 months. This time is made up of self-paced correspondence work with three different on-site training intervals. The BQC-NR course curriculum comprises Supply Management, Food Service, Disbursing Management, Retail Operations, and Leadership and Management. A minimum grade of 80 percent is required for each curriculum aspect.

## Post Introductory Officer Courses

### Transportation of Hazardous Materials

The Transportation of Hazardous Materials (HAZMAT) course provides formal training prerequisite for command approved qualification to certify hazardous materials for shipment via all modes of transportation. The course includes a comprehensive overview of the transportation of hazardous materials by motor, rail and water and an intensive review of the requirements for movement of hazardous materials by commercial/military air. HAZMAT also discusses the role of the Department of Transportation, Defense Transportation System, commercial carriers and different regional laws regarding handling, packaging, marking, labelling and placarding of hazardous materials. Practical learning is heavily used for greater comprehension through the use of mock-up HAZMAT offices and storage rooms. Students will learn about relevant codes regarding transportation, labelling and inspections. HAZMAT has three separate examinations on regulations determining whether students pass the course. Recertification and additional certification is required after every two years after the HAZMAT qualification credit is acquired.

Recertification is acquired through the Transportation of Hazardous Materials Recertification Course. This requires students to certify hazardous materials for transportation. They must have completed the HAZMAT or equivalent course within the last two years. This course discusses the same transportation elements of the HAZMAT course. Fulfilment of the course is determined by one final examination. The aim of this course is to keep transportation managers familiar with new regulations.

### Joint Aviation Supply and Maintenance Material Management

The Joint Aviation Supply and Maintenance Material Management (JASMMM) course seeks to improve aircraft readiness by improving collaboration between aviation maintenance and supply logisticians. Experienced fleet personnel take part in a two-week long course designed to increase resourcing and procedural awareness across the entire Naval Aviation Enterprise. It teaches students technical and management aviation skills in order to create synergy between maintenance and supply members through communication in order to improve the weapon support system. Areas discussed include Naval Aviation Enterprise initiatives, Aviation Consolidated Allowance List, Inventory management, advanced management/ leadership fundamentals and all levels of Maintenance influencing Flight-Line Operations. The topics are taught through case studies with practical activities to enhance understanding.

### Reserve Supply Management and Advanced Refresher Training

Reserve Supply Management and Advanced Refresher Training (RESMART) is catered to the education on supply management procedures to logistics specialists. This is a fast-paced course that covers the relevant areas regarding logistics specialists. RESMART teaches through lecture and practical format, and requires students to research, create and present demonstrations on supply management. The aim of RESMART is to develop confidence and presentation skills in students so they can train other reserve units in supply information.

### Introduction to Expeditionary Logistics

Introduction to Expeditionary Logistics (IEL) teaches about logistics in an expeditionary environment. This involves studying the joint planning process, the naval logistics chain of command and deployment concerns in a militant environment. IEL is a two-week resident course. Modules covered include Unified Commands, Naval Logistics, Joint Operational Planning, Advanced Base Logistics, Foreign Humanitarian Assistance, Host Nation Support and an overview of the Navy's Expeditionary commands. IEL is learnt through a series of seminars with guest speakers and examined through a final group exercise scenario drawing from knowledge of the seminars.

### Supply Officer Department Head Course

The Supply Officer Department Head Course (SODHC) four-week program is for individuals wanting to become Supply Officer Department Heads afloat. SODHC teaches five key areas of supply management that is Supply Management, Food Service, Retail Operations, Disbursing Management and Postal Operations. Additionally, SODHC students are taught more specific functions including Configuration Management, Hazardous Materials Management and Submarine-specific Supply Functions. The aim of SODHC is to make Lieutenants effective and efficient managers that supply officers ought to be.

A similar course is provided to Senior Supply Corps Officers called the Senior Supply Officer Department Head Course (SR SODHC). SR SODHC teaches all the same supply management topics and other senior role requirements such as ethics, financial management and inventory. This senior role means students must assemble reports such as monthly and annual financial management plans. The 8 day SR SODHC program is aimed at reprogramming officers to take charge as Supply Officers in the Department Head.

### Advanced Management Program

Advanced Management Program (AMP) teaches upper and middle management leadership skills in order to help managers create and introduce strategies, supervise groups of people, and utilize managerial competence and experience into policy-level perspective. Students will undertake group discussions and presentations to overcome workplace problems. The aim of AMP is to develop managerial abilities and skills such as communication and overcoming workplace problems to become more effective managers.

### International Logistics Executive Advanced Development

International Logistics Executive Advanced Development (ILEAD) is a seven-week course focused on providing relevant logistical and supply chain management information useful from a militaristic perspective. This course is catered to senior international officers. ILEAD includes a two-week AMP course in order to grant full comprehension of the syllabus.

### International Officer Supply Course

This is a course for international partners. It familiarizes students with the organizational structure of the U.S. government, U.S. Navy, Naval Supply Systems Command (NAVSUP), Defense Logistics Agency (DLA), and their relationship to Foreign Military Sales (FMS) processes. It discusses logistics supply chain, defined as identifying, locating, ordering and tracking assets. The course also assists international customers in developing a working knowledge of Department of Defense web-based logistics systems and FMS requisitioning procedures and all aspects of the Security Cooperation Information Portal (SCIP).

## Students and Faculty

The NSCS graduated 1,469 individuals in 2023.

41°30′36″N 71°19′36″W / 41.5099°N 71.3268°W / 41.5099; -71.3268

## InfoBox

Navy Supply Corps School
| Navy Supply Corps School at the 2021 Bristol Fourth of July Parade | |
| --- | --- |
| Motto in English | Ready for Sea! |
| Established | 16 July 1921 (1921-07-16) |
| Commanding Officer | Capt. T. Richie Jenkins |
| Location | Newport, Rhode Island, United States |
| Website | www.netc.navy.mil/NSCS/ |
|  | |


title: Yeniçöte, Kalecik

abstract: Yeniçöte is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Kalecik, Ankara Province, Turkey. Its population is 228 (2022).

text:
# Yeniçöte, Kalecik

**Yeniçöte** is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Kalecik, Ankara Province, Turkey. Its population is 228 (2022).

## InfoBox

| Yeniçöte | |
| --- | --- |
| Neighbourhood | |
| YeniçöteLocation in TurkeyYeniçöteYeniçöte (Turkey Central Anatolia) | |
| Coordinates: 40°14′N 33°15′E / 40.233°N 33.250°E / 40.233; 33.250 | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Ankara |
| District | Kalecik |
| Population (2022) | 228 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |


title: Neal Du Brock

abstract: Neal Du Brock directed the world-premieres of many important plays including Edward Albee's Box (play) and Lanford Wilson's Lemon Sky. He worked for many years at the Studio Theater and Studio Arena Theater in Buffalo, New York. His name is sometimes spelled as Neal DuBrock. He was born Neal Lawrence Meek in California on August 6, 1923, and died on April 24, 1994, also in California.

text:
# Neal Du Brock

**Neal Du Brock** directed the world-premieres of many important plays including Edward Albee's Box (play) and Lanford Wilson's Lemon Sky (starring Christopher Walken and Charles Durning).

He worked for many years at the Studio Theater and Studio Arena Theater in Buffalo, New York.

His name is sometimes spelled as Neal DuBrock. He was born Neal Lawrence Meek in California on August 6, 1923, and died on April 24, 1994, also in California.

1. "Studio Arena Theater History; The DuBrock Years". artvoice.com. Archived from the original on 2008-07-04. Retrieved 2009-03-01.


title: You've Got to Hear the Music

abstract: You've Got to Hear the Music is the second album by New Zealand band Dimmer. It was released in 2004, and came with a bonus disc which featured the same songs but in live and acoustic versions. At the 2004 New Zealand Music Awards You've Got To Hear The Music won Best Rock Album, and Dimmer was named the Best Group. Dimmer was also nominated for Album of the Year, Single of the Year, Best Cover Art, and Best Music Video. The album received Gold certification in New Zealand.

text:
# You've Got to Hear the Music

***You've Got to Hear the Music*** is the second album by New Zealand band Dimmer. It was released in 2004, and came with a bonus disc which featured the same songs but in live and acoustic versions.

At the 2004 New Zealand Music Awards *You've Got To Hear The Music* won Best Rock Album, and Dimmer was named the Best Group. Dimmer was also nominated for Album of the Year, Single of the Year ('Getting What You Give'), Best Cover Art, and Best Music Video. The album received Gold certification in New Zealand.

## Track listing

### Disc one

1. "Come Here"
2. "Backwards Is Backwards"
3. "Getting What You Give"
4. "Only One that Matters"
5. "Case"
6. "Lucky One"
7. "Happening"
8. "Searching Time"
9. "Reach Away"
10. "Concentration"
11. "Finality"

## InfoBox

| You've Got to Hear the Music | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Dimmer | |
| Released | 2004 |
| Label | Mushroom Records/Flying Nun Records |
| Dimmer chronology | |
| *I Believe You Are a Star*
(2001) ***You've Got to Hear the Music***
(2004) *There My Dear*
(2006) | |


title: Nazotokine

abstract: Nazotokine is a Japanese anime television series produced by studio Tengu Kobou. It premiered on October 5, 2016 on Tokyo MX.

text:
# Nazotokine

***Nazotokine*** (ナゾトキネ, lit. *Mystery Tokine*) is a Japanese anime television series produced by studio Tengu Kobou. It premiered on October 5, 2016 on Tokyo MX.

## Plot

The story revolves around puzzle-solving.

## Characters

Tokine Amino Voiced by: Natsuko Hara The main protagonist of the story. Tokine was a regular 22-year-old woman, working as a secretary to the CEO of a company known as TEN2. After being swept into the world of Quizzun to solve riddles, Tokine possesses the power to discover the truth, and this aids her greatly in solving the riddles given to her. Her best friends are Yoshie and Kyouka. Hacchin Voiced by: Sora Tokui A little creature that resembles both a rabbit and a pig, showing Tokine the rules of Quizzun and granting her the special power of discovering truth. He is called a pig by Tokine and a rabbit by Natsuko. Kyouka Mizukami Voiced by: Eriko Matsui An employee at TEN2 and works at the front desk with Yoshie. She is best friends with Yoshie and Tokine and has a younger sister named Kyouko. Her family runs a hot spring on the edge of the country. Yoshie Yamasumi Voiced by: Sarara Yashima An employee at TEN2 and works at the front desk with Kyouka. She is best friends with Tokine and Kyouka and often treats them to meals. Natsuko Yanagisawa Voiced by: Mikoi Sasaki An employee at TEN2 and a former cabaret member. She used her connections to get into the company and is looked down upon by Yoshie. Her real name is Tokuyo Nazo. Like Tokine, she is able to use her full capabilities in Quizzun, and the two possess similar powers and thinking strategies. Kyouko Mizukami Kyouka's younger sister and friends with Hinata and Mamori. She is currently in high school and works at the counter of the hot spring facility which is owned and run by her family. Kaito Aen Voiced by: Kazuki Katou Ansa Arishin Voiced by: Takahiro Sakurai

## Media

### Anime

The anime is created and directed by Naoya Fukushi, with animation by Tengu Kobou. Hitomi Takano is designing the characters and Hiroyuki Moriyama is serving as chief photography director. Hiroaki Yabunaka is in charge of the sound effects and Hikaru Nakatsugawa is producing the series. Yūki Hasegawa and Ayumi Masui are collaborating on the writing of the scenario. Dream Vision's Takanori Morita is in charge of making the puzzles to solve. Yuzu Fujisaki will perform the opening theme song "Dimension Sky", and aki will perform the ending theme song "destiny." Crunchyroll simulcasts the anime.

A second anime created and directed by Naoya Fukushi, with animation by Tengu Kobou premiered on July 12, 2017 on Tokyo MX.

#### Episode List

| No. | Title | Original air date |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | "Solve It, Then Think About It!"
"Hodoite kara kangaeru!" (解いてから考える！) | October 5, 2016 (2016-10-05) |
| Tokine Amino is a regular 22-year-old young woman, working as the CEO's secretary for a company known as TEN2. Her good friends Yoshie Yamazumi and Kyouka Minakami, who both work at the front desk are also briefly introduced. As Tokine gets ready for work, all the while babbling excitedly about an anime director coming for a meeting, she unlocks the door to her room only to find herself in an inter-dimensional 3D world called Quizzun, where she comes across a creature she assumes to be a pig. The 'pig' introduces itself to the surprisingly calm Tokine as Hacchin, explaining that she has been chosen, and is thus unable to leave Quizzun unless she solves all the riddles given to her. With that, Hacchin rewards her with a special power to unlock truth. | | | |
| 2 | "They're After the Q-Stone"
"Nerawa reta Q sutōn" (ねらわれたQストーン) | October 12, 2016 (2016-10-12) |
| With much complaint over her new look, Hacchin patiently explains that the remarkably revealing outfit helps her unlock her fullest potential, and after some quarrelling, Tokine sets to solving the riddles. With only three minutes left from her original five minutes time limit after bickering, Tokine quickly learns that there are no penalties given for wrong answers, and using her new powers, quickly solves the riddle by rearranging the pictures to their given titles, then piecing together the letters they spell. As she rejoices, Hacchin takes from her a green gem called the Q-stone, existing only in human minds when it experiences pleasure of an *eureka* moment. As promised, Hacchin lets her leave. | | | |
| 3 | "Vehicle"
"No ri mo no" (の・り・も・の) | October 19, 2016 (2016-10-19) |
| After a busy day at work, Tokine manages to catch the last train at midnight back home, but while in the train gets transported back into Quizzun, along with the other commuters on the train. She notices that Hacchin was indeed telling the truth with most humans being unable to use more than 10% of their capabilities, and she once more sets to solving a new and harder riddle, this time with the commuters' innocent lives on the line. | | | |
| 4 | "There Are Other People in the Quiz?!"
"Jibun igai wa kuizu" (自分以外はクイズ) | October 26, 2016 (2016-10-26) |
| With the simple instructions to "connect in order", Tokine nearly runs out of time but manages to solve it by using the colours and letters of the stations whispered by the dazed commuters, producing another wonderfully large Q-stone in the process. She then opens her eyes to find herself back in the train, and everyone is staring at her. Embarrassed, Tokine rushes home, and receives a text from Yoshie, informing her that she will be moving to Tachikawa, and requests her help, to which Tokine happily accepts. | | | |
| 5 | "Moving to Takros"
"Takurosu ni o hikkoshi" (タクロスにお引越し) | November 2, 2016 (2016-11-02) |
| As Yoshie and Kyouka go down with one of the movers to help collect stuff, Tokine stays behind with the other two, and gets transported once more to Quizzun, along with the movers in a tow. | | | |
| 6 | "Quizun is Suddenly..."
"Kuizu n wa totsuzen ni" (クイズンは突然に) | November 9, 2016 (2016-11-09) |
| Prior to Tokine's question, Hacchin tells her that Quizzun is triggered into being when potentially-high humans like herself experience excitement or sheer pleasure. As she looks at the clues carefully, she applies the colours of the animal blocks and the animals in English, while checking for the "space" between North and South, two words that the movers are constantly whispering. Tokine solves it faster than the previous one, as the answer was plain to be seen from the very beginning, and producing another Q-stone. After the tiring afternoon, to thank Kyouka and Tokine for their hard work, Yoshie treats them to dinner at a BBQ meat restaurant, where they discuss plans for the company trip to Minakami Hot Springs, a business run by Kyouka's family. In all their fun and laughter however, a strange couple sitting behind them is overhearing every word they are saying. | | | |
| 7 | "An Exciting, Fantastic Company Trip"
"Harahara wakuwaku shain ryokō" (ハラハラわくわく社員旅行) | November 16, 2016 (2016-11-16) |
| During the company trip, the strange couple at the restaurant is surprisingly following them, confirming that they are employees of TEN2. At the hot spring, they meet Kyouka's younger sister Kyouko, and her friends from high school Hinata Takaragawa and Mamori Sonazawa. While stripping, Tokine gets transported back to Quizzun with her dearest friends, to face not a riddle, but a dragon. | | | |
| 8 | "What's Sengokushi?"
"Izumi goku kokorozashi ttenandesuka?" (泉極志って何ですか？) | November 23, 2016 (2016-11-23) |
| Tokine successfully solves the riddle while avoiding attacks from the dragon by linking the colors of the girls' towels, hexagons, and hovering balls that change colour, while signalling the dragon's time to attack, and she syncs the dragon's words, once more in English with the letters on the colors. Returning to the hot spring, Hinata, feeling less shy towards her new friends, invites them to come to a pro-wrestling match with her as she has extra tickets. | | | |
| 9 | "Earth-Shattering Sound"
"Karada ga furueru (kyokubaku)" (体が震える（極爆）) | November 30, 2016 (2016-11-30) |
| The girls have a great afternoon the next day. Apart from the exciting match, tea is held at Yoshie's lovely new house and they watch a movie at a nearby theater in the evening. At the theater, they once again encounter the strange couple, and the lady, Natsuko Yanagisawa, is revealed to be a former cabaret member who used her connections to get into the company. As Tokine grows excited over the movie, she is transported back to Quizzun again, along with all the people in the cinema, but this time, she is not the only one who can use her full abilities. | | | |
| 10 | "The Q Stone Starts to Grow?!"
"Sodachi hajimeta? ! Q sutōn" (育ち始めた？！Qストーン) | December 7, 2016 (2016-12-07) |
| Natsuko can move, speak and think along with Tokine, who is shocked. As Hacchin appears however, he blurts out that Tokuyo Nazo is Natsuko's real name, and the two girls begin competition for completion of the riddle first. Both solve it at the same time, and they are released back into the real world together. | | | |
| 11 | "The Amazing Final Problem!"
"Kandō no saishū mondai!" (カンドウの最終問題！) | December 14, 2016 (2016-12-14) |
| After the relaxing day, the girls return separately to school and work. The threesome then head to glimpse a spectacular light show after work. Things get caught up in Quizzun again, as another challenging problem crops up for Tokine to solve. | | | |
| 12 | "Hmm?! What Happens in the Last Episode?"
"N? ! Dōyara saishūkai!" (ん？！どうやら最終回！) | December 21, 2016 (2016-12-21) |
| After hard thought and a wrong answer, the riddle is solved yet again, along with another Q-stone. For the first time after collecting it, Hacchin stays to talk to her, explaining that Quizzun is a world created by human insight born from Q-stones, a reason why he is constantly collecting hers. The energy in Quizzun is circulated here and returned to Earth, and the places where it has appeared before are known as power spots which have different effects on people like purity and good luck. As he leaves, Hacchin informs Tokine that a change will be coming over her, and bids goodbye.
The next morning, Tokine wakes up to find the sky an unsightly purplish color, along with Hacchin by her bed, announcing that he has a present for her. | | | |

| No. | Title | Original air date |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | "O hanashi" (おはなし) | July 12, 2017 (2017-07-12) |

1. "Nazotokine Puzzle-Solving TV Anime to Premiere in October". *Anime News Network*. July 19, 2016. Retrieved July 19, 2016.
2. "Kaito × Ansa Puzzle-Solving TV Anime Debuts in July". Anime News Network. March 27, 2017. Retrieved March 27, 2017.
3. "Nazotokine Puzzle-Solving TV Anime to Premiere in October". *Anime News Network*. September 3, 2016. Retrieved September 6, 2020.
4. "Crunchyroll Adds Nazotokine, Crane Game Girls Galaxy, Teekyū Season 8". *Anime News Network*. Retrieved 2022-05-12.
5. "Crunchyroll Adds Nazotokine, Crane Game Girls Galaxy, Teekyū Season 8". Anime News Network. October 4, 2016. Retrieved October 4, 2016.

## InfoBox

| Nazotokine | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| ナゾトキネ | |
| Anime television series | |
| Directed by | Naoya Fukushi |
| Produced by | Hikaru Nakatsugawa |
| Written by | * Yūki Hasegawa * Ayumi Masui |
| Music by | Pony Canyon |
| Studio | Tengu Kobou
Vivendi |
| Original network | Tokyo MX, GYT |
| Original run | October 5, 2016  December 21, 2016 |
| Episodes | 12 |
| Anime television series | |
| *Kaito × Ansa* | |
| Directed by | Naoya Fukushi |
| Written by | Kōhei Katō |
| Studio | Tengu Kobou |
| Original network | AT-X, Tokyo MX, GYT, BS Fuji, RNC |
| Original run | July 12, 2017  September 27, 2017 |
| Episodes | 12 |


title: Yoram Dori

abstract: Yoram Dori is a strategic advisor. He served for years as a close advisor for Israel's President Shimon Peres. Dori is the director general of Dori ltd.

text:
# Yoram Dori

**Yoram Dori** (born 1950) is a strategic advisor. He served for years as a close advisor for Israel's President Shimon Peres. Dori is the director general of Dori ltd.

## Biography

### Early years

Dori was born in Tel Aviv. He served in the Israeli Army as an instructor for tank gunnery. In the Yom Kippur War, he fought in Sinai as a gunner in the 600th Tank Regiment. The tank was hit and the tank commander Mordechai Ilan Kitai was killed.

After his military service completed a B.A degree at Tel Aviv University Department of Political Science and Philosophy division. He earned a master's degree in the Department of Work Studies at Tel Aviv University.

### Career

Dori served as acting secretary of the National organization of student members of the Israeli Labor Party. He worked as the manager of the youth department of the workers organization in Tel Aviv and took charge of the press and public relations division at the Jewish Agency and the World Zionist Organization in Tel Aviv. He served as spokesman for Agency Chairman Simcha Dinitz, The Moshavim movement, the 11th Maccabiah Games and 12th and as an executive and spokesman of Hapoel T.A.

He served as the spokesman and media advisor for the Labor Party under the chairmanship of Yitzhak Rabin, Shimon Peres and Ehud Barak. In the early millennium served as special advisor to the Peres Center for Peace.

After Peres was elected President of Israel, he was appointed as strategic advisor to the President. For many years he was the spokesman of the World Restitution Organization (WJRO). He led the media campaign against Swiss banks on dormant accounts from the Holocaust.Yoram Dori is the spokesperson of "CIMI" and "the society of preservation of heritage sites in Israel". Dori was the chairman of the board of Asia Pituach ltd and now he is a member of the board of Limmud fsu Dori published 3 book : the life story of Mati David and of Joseph Kamil 2 holaucost survivors Dori also published at October 10 a book about his 26 years as senior adviser to Shimon Peres

### Personal

Dori is married to Batia, has four children and 13 grandchildren and lives in Givat Shmuel near Tel Aviv.

```
*https://blogs.timesofisrael.com/author/yoram-dori/
```


title: Yocalla Municipality

abstract: Yocalla Municipality is the second municipal section of the Tomás Frías Province in the Potosí Department in Bolivia. Its seat is Yocalla.

text:
# Yocalla Municipality

**Yocalla Municipality** is the second municipal section of the Tomás Frías Province in the Potosí Department in Bolivia. Its seat is Yocalla.

## Geography

Some of the highest mountains of the municipality are listed below:

## Subdivision

The municipality consists of the following cantons:

* Salinas de Yocalla
* Santa Lucia
* Yocalla

## The people

The people are predominantly indigenous citizens of Quechua descent.

| **Ethnic group** | **%** |
| --- | --- |
| Quechua | 93.8 |
| Aymara | 0.4 |
| Guaraní, Chiquitos, Moxos | 0.1 |
| Not indigenous | 5.7 |
| Other indigenous groups | 0.1 |
|

## InfoBox

| Yocalla Municipality | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Cordillera de los Frailes, looking west. Pari Chata (Yocalla Municipality) is on the right in the background, left of it is the Pillku Mayu valley. | |
| Location within Potosí Department | |
| Yocalla MunicipalityLocation within Bolivia | |
| Coordinates: 19°23′S 65°55′W / 19.383°S 65.917°W / -19.383; -65.917 | |
| Country | Bolivia |
| Department | Potosí Department |
| Province | Tomás Frías Province |
| Seat | Yocalla |
| Population (2001) | |
| Total | 8,046 |
| Ethnicities | Quechua |
| Time zone | UTC-4 (BOT) |


title: Ádám Rajhona

abstract: Ádám Rajhona was a Hungarian actor. He appeared in more than 90 films and television shows between 1972 and 2016. He was a prolific dubbing actor, probably best known for voicing Christopher Lloyd in the Hungarian dub of the Back to the Future film trilogy.

text:
# Ádám Rajhona

**Ádám Rajhona** (12 December 1943  20 May 2016) was a Hungarian actor. He appeared in more than 90 films and television shows between 1972 and 2016.

He was a prolific dubbing actor, probably best known for voicing Christopher Lloyd (Emmett Brown) in the Hungarian dub of the *Back to the Future* film trilogy.

## Selected filmography

## InfoBox

| Ádám Rajhona | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1943-12-12)12 December 1943
Marosvásárhely, Hungary (now Târgu Mureș, Romania) |
| Died | 20 May 2016(2016-05-20) (aged 72)
Budapest, Hungary |
| Occupation | Actor |
| Years active | 1972–2016 |


title: Yiling Senior High School

abstract: Yiling Senior High School is a public secondary school in Yichang, Hubei, China. Established in 1962, the school covers 90,000 square meters with a floor area of 40,000 square meters. The school consists of four main parts: teaching and living areas, a playground, and a Baicao Garden. The school has been successively evaluated as a Key High School and a Demonstrative School of the Hubei Province. The school currently has 45 classes with 181 teachers and 2800 students.

text:
# Yiling Senior High School

**Yiling Senior High School** is a public secondary school in Yichang, Hubei, China.

Established in 1962, the school covers 90,000 square meters with a floor area of 40,000 square meters. The school consists of four main parts: teaching and living areas, a playground, and a Baicao Garden. The school has been successively evaluated as a Key High School and a Demonstrative School of the Hubei Province.

The school currently has 45 classes with 181 teachers and 2800 students.

30°41′52″N 111°18′48″E / 30.6978°N 111.3133°E / 30.6978; 111.3133


title: Zéaglo

abstract: Zéaglo is a town in western Ivory Coast. It is a sub-prefecture of Bloléquin Department in Cavally Region, Montagnes District. Zéaglo was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1126 communes nationwide that were abolished. In 2014, the population of the sub-prefecture of Zéaglo was 18,664.

text:
# Zéaglo

**Zéaglo** is a town in western Ivory Coast. It is a sub-prefecture of Bloléquin Department in Cavally Region, Montagnes District.

Zéaglo was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1126 communes nationwide that were abolished.

In 2014, the population of the sub-prefecture of Zéaglo was 18,664.

## Villages

The six villages of the sub-prefecture of Zéaglo and their population in 2014 are:

1. Béoué (2 743)
2. Douandrou (2 429)
3. Pohan (602)
4. Zéaglo (12 245)
5. Ziglo (645)

## InfoBox

| Zéaglo | |
| --- | --- |
| Town and sub-prefecture | |
| ZéagloLocation in Ivory Coast | |
| Coordinates: 6°34′N 7°47′W / 6.567°N 7.783°W / 6.567; -7.783 | |
| Country | Ivory Coast |
| District | Montagnes |
| Region | Cavally |
| Department | Bloléquin |
| Population (2014) | |
| Total | 18,664 |
| Time zone | UTC+0 (GMT) |


title: You Blue It

abstract: You Blue It is a cover EP by American emo band, You Blew It!. The title is a pun on the Blue Album by Weezer and the band's own name. It was released through Topshelf Records on July 15, 2014.

text:
# You Blue It

***You Blue It*** is a cover EP by American emo band, You Blew It!. The title is a pun on the *Blue Album* by Weezer (which contains the tracks the band covers) and the band's own name. It was released through Topshelf Records on July 15, 2014.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "In The Garage" | Rivers Cuomo | 3:55 |
| 2. | "My Name Is Jonas" | Cuomo, Patrick Wilson, Jason Cropper | 3:29 |
| 3. | "Only in Dreams" | Cuomo | 5:23 |
| 4. | "Surf Wax America" | Cuomo, Wilson | 3:10 |
| 5. | "Susanne" | Cuomo | 2:46 |
| Total length: | | | 18:42 |

## Chart positions

| Chart (2014) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| US Vinyl Albums (*Billboard*) | 13 |

## InfoBox

| You Blue It | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| EP by You Blew It! | |
| Released | July 15, 2014 |
| Recorded | The Vanguard Room in Lakeland, Florida |
| Genre | Emo, indie rock, pop punk |
| Label | Topshelf |
| Producer | Matt Wilbur |
| You Blew It! chronology | |
| *Keep Doing What You're Doing*
(2014) ***You Blue It***
(2014) *Abendrot*
(2016) | |


title: Natural killer T cell

abstract: Natural killer T (NKT) cells are a heterogeneous group of T cells that share properties of both T cells and natural killer cells. Many of these cells recognize the non-polymorphic CD1d molecule, an antigen-presenting molecule that binds self and foreign lipids and glycolipids. They constitute only approximately 1% of all peripheral blood T cells. Natural killer T cells should neither be confused with natural killer cells nor killer T cells.

text:
# Natural killer T cell

**Natural killer T** (**NKT**) **cells** are a heterogeneous group of T cells that share properties of both T cells and natural killer cells. Many of these cells recognize the non-polymorphic CD1d molecule, an antigen-presenting molecule that binds self and foreign lipids and glycolipids. They constitute only approximately 1% of all peripheral blood T cells. Natural killer T cells should neither be confused with natural killer cells nor killer T cells (cytotoxic T cells).

## Nomenclature

The term "NK T cells" was first used in mice to define a subset of T cells that expressed the natural killer (NK) cell-associated marker NK1.1 (CD161). It is now generally accepted that the term "NKT cells" refers to CD1d-restricted T cells, present in mice and humans, some of which coexpress a heavily biased, semi-invariant T-cell receptor and NK cell markers.

## Molecular characterization

NKT cells are a subset of T cells that coexpress an αβ T-cell receptor, but also express a variety of molecular markers that are typically associated with NK cells, such as NK1.1. The best-known NKT cells differ from conventional αβ T cells in that their T-cell receptors are far more limited in diversity ('invariant' or 'type 1' NKT). They and other CD1d-restricted T cells ('type 2' NKT) recognize lipids and glycolipids presented by CD1d molecules, a member of the CD1 family of antigen-presenting molecules, rather than peptide-major histocompatibility complexes (MHCs). As such, NKT cells are important in recognizing glycolipids from organisms such as *Mycobacterium*, which causes tuberculosis.

NKT cells include both NK1.1+ and NK1.1, as well as CD4+, CD4, CD8+ and CD8 cells. Natural killer T cells can share other features with NK cells, as well, such as CD16 and CD56 expression and granzyme production.

Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells express high levels of and are dependent on the transcriptional regulator promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger for their development.

## Classification

Classification of natural killer T cells into three groups has been proposed:

|  | Type 1 NKT | Type 2 NKT | NKT-like |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Other names | classical NKT
invariant NKT (iNKT)
Vα14i NKT (mouse)
Vα24i NKT (human) | non-classical NKT
diverse NKT | NK1.1+ T cells
CD3+ CD56+ T cells |
| Restriction | CD1d | CD1d | MHC, other? |
| α-GalCer
reactivity | + | - | - |
| T-cell-receptor repertoire | Vα14-Jα18:
Vβ8.2, 7, 2 (mouse)
Vα24-Jα18:
Vβ11 (human) | diverse | diverse |

## Invariant NKT (iNKT) cells

The best-known subset of CD1d-dependent NKT cells expresses an invariant T-cell receptor (TCR) α chain. These are referred to as type I or invariant NKT cells (iNKT) cells. They are notable for their ability to respond rapidly to danger signals and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Once activated, they engage in effector functions, like NK transactivation, T cell activation and differentiation, B cell activation, dendritic cell activation and cross-presentation activity, and macrophage activation.

iNKT cells recognize lipid antigens presented by CD1d, a non-polymorphic major histocompatibility complex class I-like antigen presenting molecule. These cells are conserved between humans and mice. The highly conserved TCR is made of Va24-Ja18 paired with Vb11 in humans, which is specific for glycolipid antigens. The best known antigen of iNKT cells is alpha-galactosylceramide (αGalCer), which is a synthetic form of a chemical purified from the deep sea sponge *Agelas mauritianus.* iNKT cells develop in the thymus, and distribute to the periphery. They are most commonly found in the liver, but are also found in the thymus, spleen, peripheral blood, bone marrow and fat tissue. In comparison to mice, humans have fewer iNKT cells and have a wide variation in the amount of circulating iNKT cells.

Currently, there are five major distinct iNKT cell subsets. These subset cells produce a different set of cytokines once activated. The subtypes iNKT1, iNKT2 and iNKT17 mirror Th Cell subsets in cytokine production. In addition there are subtypes specialized in T follicular helper-like function and IL-10 dependent regulatory functions. Once activated iNKT cells can impact the type and strength of an immune response. They engage in cross talk with other immune cells, like dendritic cells, neutrophils and lymphocytes. Activation occurs by engagement with their invariant TCR. iNKT cells can also be indirectly activated through cytokine signaling.

While iNKT cells are not very numerous, their unique properties makes them an important regulatory cell that can influence how the immune system develops. They are known to play a role in chronic inflammatory diseases like autoimmune disease, asthma and metabolic syndrome. In human autoimmune diseases, their numbers are decreased in peripheral blood. It is not clear whether this is a cause or effect of the disease. Absence of microbe exposure in early development led to increased iNKT cells and immune morbidity in a mouse model.

## Function

Upon activation, NKT cells are able to produce large quantities of interferon gamma, IL-4, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, as well as multiple other cytokines and chemokines (such as IL-2, IL-13, IL-17, IL-21, and TNF-alpha).

NKT cells recognize protected microbial lipid agents which are presented by CD1d-expressing antigen presenting cells. This serves as a pathway for NKT cells to fight against infections and enhance the humoral immunity. The NKT cells provide support and help to B cells which act as a microbial defense and aid in targeting for B-cell vaccines.

## Significance

NKT cells seem to be essential for several aspects of immunity because their dysfunction or deficiency has been shown to lead to the development of autoimmune diseases such as diabetes, autoinflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis, and cancers. NKT cells have recently been implicated in the disease progression of human asthma.

The clinical potential of NKT cells lies in the rapid release of cytokines (such as IL-2, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-4) that promote or suppress different immune responses.

Most clinical trials with NKT cells have been performed with cytokine-induced killer cells (CIK).


title: Nebria cordicollis heeri

abstract: Nebria cordicollis heeri is a subspecies of ground beetle in the Nebriinae subfamily that is endemic to Switzerland.

text:
# Nebria cordicollis heeri

***Nebria cordicollis heeri*** is a subspecies of ground beetle in the Nebriinae subfamily that is endemic to Switzerland.

## InfoBox

| *Nebria cordicollis heeri* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Carabidae |
| Genus: | *Nebria* |
| Species: | *N. cordicollis* |
| Subspecies: | ***N. c. heeri*** |
| Trinomial name | |
| ***Nebria cordicollis heeri***<br>K. Daniel, 1903 | |


title: You Bowed Down

abstract: "You Bowed Down" is a song written by Elvis Costello, first released by Roger McGuinn on his album Back from Rio. Costello recorded his own version of the song for his 1996 album All This Useless Beauty. Having been acquaintances with Costello since the 1980s, McGuinn asked him to contribute a song to his next solo album. Costello then sent back "You Bowed Down" with detailed instructions on how McGuinn should perform the vocals. After McGuinn's version was released, Costello decided to revisit the song for a project originally intended to be a collection of songs Costello gave to other musicians. Costello's version, performed with the Attractions, reworked the middle-eight to more closely mirror Costello's original arrangement. It was released as a single in the US in 1996. Both versions have attracted critical acclaim and Costello continues to perform the song intermittently live.

text:
# You Bowed Down

"**You Bowed Down**" is a song written by Elvis Costello, first released by Roger McGuinn on his album *Back from Rio*. Costello recorded his own version of the song for his 1996 album *All This Useless Beauty*.

Having been acquaintances with Costello since the 1980s, McGuinn asked him to contribute a song to his next solo album. Costello then sent back "You Bowed Down" with detailed instructions on how McGuinn should perform the vocals. After McGuinn's version was released, Costello decided to revisit the song for a project originally intended to be a collection of songs Costello gave to other musicians. Costello's version, performed with the Attractions, reworked the middle-eight to more closely mirror Costello's original arrangement. It was released as a single in the US in 1996.

Both versions have attracted critical acclaim and Costello continues to perform the song intermittently live.

## Background

After meeting at a show in New Orleans in the mid-1980s, Roger McGuinn and Elvis Costello first collaborated on the latter's 1989 album, *Spike*, which was produced by mutual friend T-Bone Burnett. In 1989, Costello explained, "Roger McGuinn ... wasn't originally scheduled to be on the record, but we met him while we were recording—and T-Bone \[Burnett, one of Costello's producers\] had met him on Dylan's Rolling Thunder tour in the 70s." McGuinn stated that he found Costello to be "amazingly intellectual", noting, "It's hard to follow him sometimes. He just pops around from one idea to another."

When McGuinn set out to record his 1991 album *Back from Rio*, he asked Costello to contribute a song. McGuinn recalls, "He sent it to me from Ireland with a three-page letter saying what it was about, and told me he wanted me to sing it like a combination of 'My Back Pages' and 'Positively Fourth Street.'" McGuinn then recorded the song with Dylanesque vocals (with Costello contributing backing vocals) and presented the final version to Costello:

> Later I played it for him at Tom Petty's house in Los Angeles and he just looked at the floor, kind of frowning, until it was over. Then he walked over and shook my hand -- like, 'Yeah, that's okay.'

As of 2011, Costello and McGuinn remain acquaintances. The latter commented, "We had a period a couple of years ago when we kept bumping into each other as one of us was checking into and the other out of, hotels then we kept meeting in Airport lounges; no one else in the whole music industry, just Elvis Costello. I've known Elvis for a lot of years and we can talk for hours; or at least he can talk for hours and I listen."

## Critical reception

"You Bowed Down" saw positive reception from music writers of the period. The *LA Times* wrote that the song is "echoing the bitter majesty of the Byrds doing Dylan." The *Washington Post*, who described the song as a "bitter accusation", named it "one of the standout tracks" from *Back to Rio*. The *New York Times* dubbed it "psychologically knotty".

## Elvis Costello & The Attractions version

| "You Bowed Down" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Elvis Costello & The Attractions | |
| from the album  *All This Useless Beauty* | |
| B-side | "Almost Ideal Eyes" |
| Released | September 17, 1996 (1996-09-17) |
| Genre | Jangle pop |
| Length | 4:55 |
| Label | Warner Bros. |
| Songwriter(s) | * Elvis Costello |
| Producer(s) |  |
| Elvis Costello & The Attractions singles chronology | |
| "All This Useless Beauty"
(1996) "**You Bowed Down**"
(1996) "Toledo"
(1999) | |

"**You Bowed Down**" was recorded by Elvis Costello and the Attractions in 1996 for his seventeenth studio album *All This Useless Beauty*. It was released as a single in the US, reaching number eight on the *Billboard* Adult Alternative Songs chart.

### Background

Costello chose to record his own version of "You Bowed Down" on *All This Useless Beauty*, as the album was originally intended to be a collection of Costello compositions recorded by other artists. For "You Bowed Down", Costello specifically wanted to restore his original arrangement for the song's middle-eight, which was altered in the McGuinn recording to be in 4/4 time alongside the rest of the song. He explained:

> Roger McGuinn's producer prevailed on him to straighten out the middle of 'You Bowed Down' and make it into 4/4 time which, to my mind, completely negated the whole point of that section of that song. Even though I loved everything else about his version, and I even sang on it, that disappointed me. I wanted to do that myself, to go off into space and do a little solo like he did in 'Chestnut Mare' with The Byrds. I just wanted to hear that, selfish really.

When Costello sought to record the song with the Attractions, he initially dabbled with a Sonic Youth-esque arrangement, but determined this style "didn't work" and that the song "wanted to have a 12-string on it." Costello singled out "You Bowed Down" along with "It's Time" as songs where the Attractions are "most effective" on the album.

Costello's original demo that he recorded for McGuinn later appeared as a bonus track on *All This Useless Beauty*.

### Critical reception

In a 1996 review,  wrote, "'You Bowed Down' apes The Byrds' high lonesome sound more accurately and with a sharper wit than Jeff Lynne and Tom Petty could manage in a month of Rickenbacker workshops". *The Washington Post* dubbed it "a rousing folk-rocker about moral compromise", while the *Bergen County Record* noted that the band "proves its mettle" on the song's Byrdsy arrangement. The *New Musical Express* praised how Costello "pull\[s\] off convincingly Byrdsian moves on the delightful and mellifluous paisley piece 'You Bowed Down.'" *Entertainment Weekly* wrote, "The tenderly spat opener, 'The Other End of the Telescope,' and especially the Dylanesque 'You Bowed Down' rank with Costello’s finest put-down songs."

### Live history

"You Bowed Down" has appeared intermittently in Costello's live setlist since its release. A live version performed by Costello and Attractions keyboardist Steve Nieve was released on the 1996 live album *Costello & Nieve*. Costello and the Attractions performed "You Bowed Down" on *The Tonight Show With Jay Leno* in August 1996; by this point, Costello, embittered by his disputes with bassist Bruce Thomas, changed the chorus lyric from "You bowed down" to "I should never have walked over that bridge I burned," referring to his reunion with the Attractions.

### Personnel

**Elvis Costello & The Attractions**

**Production**

* Geoff Emerick – producer, engineer, mixing
* Elvis Costello – producer
* Jon Jacobs – engineer, mixing
* Bob Ludwig – mastering
* Dave Zamitt – recording and mixing on "Basement Kiss"

### Charts

| Chart (1996) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| US *Billboard* Adult Alternative Songs | 8 |

**Citations**

**Sources**

* Thomson, Graeme (2006). *Complicated Shadows: The Life and Music of Elvis Costello*. Canongate U.S. ISBN 978-1841957968.

## InfoBox

| "You Bowed Down" | |
| --- | --- |
| Song by Roger McGuinn | |
| from the album  *Back from Rio* | |
| Released | January 8, 1991 |
| Genre | Jangle pop |
| Length | 3:52 |
| Label | Arista |
| Songwriter(s) | Elvis Costello |
| Producer(s) |  |