title: Warchild (Lowachee novel)

abstract: Warchild is a science fiction novel by Canadian writer Karin Lowachee. It was published by Warner Aspect in 2002. It won the Warner Aspect First Novel Award. Warchild was also a finalist for the 2002 Philip K. Dick Award.

text:
# Warchild (Lowachee novel)

***Warchild*** is a science fiction novel by Canadian writer Karin Lowachee. It was published by Warner Aspect in 2002. It won the Warner Aspect First Novel Award. *Warchild* was also a finalist for the 2002 Philip K. Dick Award.

## Plot summary

The story starts when eight-year-old Joslyn Musey's parents die in a vicious pirate attack on his home ship, the merchant *Mukudori*. Jos, along with a handful of the ships other children, are captured by the attackers. Vincenzo Marcus Falcone, an infamous pirate and captain of the "Genghis Khan", keeps Jos as his hostage, with the intention of making him a protégé. Falcone teaches Jos how to "win people over" with manners and cunning, and especially good looks.

The human race, EarthHub, is at war with aliens called the striviirc-na, who are called "strits" by the Hub. When the pirate ship *Genghis Khan* docks at Chaos Station, which is located in deep space, the station is suddenly attacked by the striviiric-na. Jos escapes Falcone during the attack, but is shot, then captured and is taken to the alien homeworld, Aaian-na, by the Warboy, the leader of the human sympathizer movement on Aaian-na, Nikolas S'tlian. Jos gradually accepts his place on Aaian-na and the Warboy teaches him to be a Ka'redan, or "assassin-priest" which is the ruling caste on the planet.

Jos is trained on Aaian-na until he is fourteen, when he is formally made a member of the Ka'redan. At that time, being told that the only way to end the war is through a treaty with EarthHub's most notorious spacecarrier, the *Macedon*, he is assigned to spy on the ship as part of its elite crew. Jos is taught to act like an Earthhub human and sent back to Austo Station in the Hub to join the Macedon. Once on the Macedon, however, he discovers that his previous distinctions between good and bad no longer apply.

Jos battles on the Macedon, eventually encountering Evan D'Silva, one of his former friends on the Mukudori, who he rescues from a pirate ship. He discovers a connection between the Warboy's brother, Ash-dan, and Falcone's pirates, who have been trading weapons to the sympathizers in exchange for aid in hiding captured children.

The novel ends with a face off between the *Genghis Khan* and the *Macedon*. The *Macedon* encounters the *Genghis Khan* meeting with the Warboy's brother's ship, and is boarded by the pirates. Jos and his unit are captured by the Khan and Jos is interrogated by Falcone. It is eventually revealed to his ship mates that he is spying for the Warboy. However, at that point, the Warboy, who had been tracking his brother, shows up with his ship, and his crew release Jos and the other prisoners and takes them to his ship.

The Warboy's ship then helps the *Macedon* destroy the pirate ships, after which *Macedon's* Captain, Cairo Azarcon, arranges for the Warboy to dock on Chaos Station. Jos encounters Falcone on deck, being transported to police facilities, when Falcone attempts to escape. Jos then stabs Falcone to death on deck, after which he is taken back to the *Macedon* under Captain Azarcon's protection. He is made a liaison officer as Azarcon attempts to negotiate a peace treaty with the striviiric-na.

* *Burndive* (2003) – the second book in the *Warchild* series.
* *Cagebird* (2005) – the third book in the *Warchild* series.

## InfoBox

Warchild
| First edition | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Karin Lowachee |
| Cover artist | Matt Stawicki |
| Language | English |
| Series | *Warchild* #1 |
| Genre | Science fiction |
| Publisher | Warner Aspect |
| Publication date | April 1, 2002 |
| Publication place | United States |
| Media type | Print (paperback) |
| Pages | 464 |
| ISBN | 0-446-61077-1 |
| OCLC | 49397465 |
| Followed by | *Burndive* |


title: Lost Episode Festival Toronto

abstract: Lost Episode Festival Toronto is a publicly attended film festival showcasing horror, sci-fi, action, television, cult cinema, and indie film held annually in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The festival screens a variety of feature-length and short-films as well as parody commercials and movie trailers from around the world including North America, Australia, and Europe. The festival also hosts the 50 Hour Film Competition - a time based film challenge where filmmakers are given just over two days to create a short film from concept to completion using a provided genre, prop, line of dialogue, and character.

text:
# Lost Episode Festival Toronto

**Lost Episode Festival Toronto** (also known as **LEFT**) is a publicly attended film festival showcasing horror, sci-fi, action, television, cult cinema, and indie film held annually in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The festival screens a variety of feature-length and short-films as well as parody commercials and movie trailers from around the world including North America, Australia, and Europe. The festival also hosts the 50 Hour Film Competition - a time based film challenge where filmmakers are given just over two days to create a short film from concept to completion using a provided genre, prop, line of dialogue, and character.

## Past Festivals

### LEFT 2013

LEFT 2013 showcased 14 films, 1 feature film presentation and 13 short films. Notable films screened at the festival included BioCop by cult producers Astron-6, Channel 101 series Karate P.I., and the exclusive Canadian theatrical premiere of *Star Trek Continues*. The **inaugural** festival was held June 1–2, 2013, at the Bloor Cinema in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

### LEFT 2014

LEFT 2014 showcased 9 films, 2 feature film presentations, and 7 short films. Notable films screened at the festival included the exclusive Canadian premieres of the films ANNA (aka *MINDSCAPE*), *PATRICK: Evil Awakens*, and NAKED ZOMBIE GIRL. The 2nd annual festival was held July 5–6, 2014 at the Bloor Cinema in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

### LEFT 2015

LEFT 2015 showcased 28 films, 10 feature film presentations, and 18 short films. Notable films screened at the festival included the Canadian premiere of Inner Demon, *Blood Punch*, Lost After Dark, The Shells, and *The House on Pine Street*; Toronto premiere of Some Kind of Hate, Slumlord, and *Bunny the Killer Thing*. The 3rd annual festival was held August 7–9, 2015 at the Carlton Cinema in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

### LEFT 2016

LEFT 2016 showcased 50 films, 10 feature film presentations, and 40 short films. Notable films screened at the festival included the Canadian premiere of Daylight's End, This Giant Papier Mache Boulder Is Actually Really Heavy, Vampyres, Sun Choke, Dry Blood, and Cord; Toronto premiere of *Under the Shadow*, The Barn, The Greasy Strangler, and Bad Blood - The Movie. The 4th annual festival was held August 5–7, 2016 at the Carlton Cinema in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

### LEFT 2017

LEFT 2017 showcased 51 films, 10 feature film presentations, and 41 short films. Notable films screened at the festival included the Canadian theatrical premiere of *Cherry 2000* and El ataúd de cristal (The Glass Coffin), and the Toronto premieres of *68 Kill*, Sequence Break, Replace, Dead Shack, It Stains The Sands Red, and Ron Goossens Low Budget Stuntman. The 5th annual festival was held August 10–13, 2017 at the Carlton Cinema in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

### Other genre film festivals

## InfoBox

| Lost Episode Fest Toronto | |
| --- | --- |
| Official LEFT logo | |
| Status | Active |
| Genre | Film festival |
| Location(s) | Toronto |
| Country | Canada |
| Organized by | Johnny Larocque |
| Website | http://www.lostepisodefest.com/ |


title: WJZQ

abstract: WJZQ is a 100,000-watt Cadillac, Michigan radio station broadcasting a hot adult contemporary format as Z93. It is owned by Ross Biederman's Midwestern Broadcasting, who also owns WTCM-AM/FM and WCCW-AM/FM, all in Traverse City, MI.

text:
# WJZQ

**WJZQ** (92.9 FM) is a 100,000-watt Cadillac, Michigan radio station broadcasting a hot adult contemporary format as *Z93*. It is owned by Ross Biederman's Midwestern Broadcasting, who also owns WTCM-AM/FM and WCCW-AM/FM, all in Traverse City, MI.

## History

### Z93: The 90s to Now

On January 25, 2023, WJZQ began teasing that "changes" would be coming, though continuing to play "Today's Best Hits... for now", hyping that the new "update" of Z93 would have its "world premiere" on February 1, at 9:29 A.M. At that time, WJZQ shifted to hot adult contemporary, keeping the "Z93" branding, while repositioning its playlist to add more music from the 1990s onward, with the new branding "Hits From the 90s to Now". The first song under the updated format was "Tearin' Up My Heart" by NSYNC.

44°35′42″N 85°11′53″W / 44.595°N 85.198°W / 44.595; -85.198

## InfoBox

WJZQ
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Broadcast area | Traverse City, Michigan |
| Frequency | 92.9 MHz |
| Branding | *Z93* |
| Programming | |
| Format | Hot adult contemporary |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Midwestern Broadcasting Company |
| Sister stations | WATZ-FM, WBCM, WCCW, WCCW-FM, WRGZ, WTCM, WTCM-FM, WZTK |
| History | |
| First air date | 1961 (as WWTV-FM) |
| Former call signs | WKJF-FM (1/1/82-7/1/01)
WKJF (?-1/1/82)
WWTV-FM (1961-?) |
| Call sign meaning | Smooth **J**az**Z** **Q** (previous format) |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 5207 |
| Class | C1 |
| ERP | 100,000 watts |
| HAAT | 278 meters (912 ft) |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Webcast | Listen live |
| Website | z93hits.com |


title: Louis Courajod

abstract: Louis Charles Jean Courajod was a French art historian, museum curator and connoisseur-collector, who was born and died in Paris.

text:
# Louis Courajod

**Louis Charles Jean Courajod** (22 February 1841 – 26 June 1896) was a French art historian, museum curator and connoisseur-collector, who was born and died in Paris.

## Biography

Courajod was trained as a lawyer, then as an historian at the École Nationale des Chartes (1864–67), then served an apprenticeship at the Cabinet des estampes of the Bibliothèque Nationale, under chief curator Henri Delaborde, while he pursued his studies at the École Pratique des Hautes Études. His first publication (1867) was an article on the Plantagenet tombs at Fontevrault

In 1874 he began his career at the Musée du Louvre, developing at first his special interest in the Gothic sculpture of the 14th and 15th centuries, then turning to the *art franc*, of the Carolingians. In 1887, he was appointed a professor at the École du Louvre, teaching Medieval and Renaissance sculpture; he was director of the department from 1893. Among his students were André Michel, who succeeded him at the Louvre, and Paul Vitry.

Courajod was a regular contributor to the *Gazette des Beaux-Arts*. He served on the Commission des monuments historiques and was a member of the Société des Antiquaires de France.

Courajod introduced the term "International Gothic" to describe the Late Gothic movement expressed in sculptures and other media.

A commemorative memoir, *Louis Courajod, un historien de l'art français*, was published by Courajod's former pupil, Albert Marignan, in 1896.

## Further reading

* Laura Morowitz, "Une Guerre sainte contre l'académisme: Louis Courajod, the Louvre, and the Barbaric Middle Ages", in: *The Year's Work in Medievalism* #15 (2002), Jesse Swan and Richard Utz (Eds.)


title: First Wives Club (musical)

abstract: First Wives Club is a musical with music and lyrics by Brian Holland, Lamont Dozier, and Eddie Holland. The musical is based on the 1996 movie of the same name. The musical premiered in San Diego, California, in 2009, with a book by Rupert Holmes. A reworked version had a production in Chicago, in 2015, with a new book by Linda Bloodworth-Thomason.

text:
# First Wives Club (musical)

***First Wives Club*** is a musical with music and lyrics by Brian Holland, Lamont Dozier, and Eddie Holland. The musical is based on the 1996 movie of the same name.

The musical premiered in San Diego, California, in 2009, with a book by Rupert Holmes. A reworked version had a production in Chicago, in 2015, with a new book by Linda Bloodworth-Thomason.

## Productions

The first production of the show opened at The Old Globe Theater in San Diego, California, on July 17, 2009, in previews, through August 23, 2009, prior to a projected Broadway engagement. The book was by Rupert Holmes, with a score by the "one-time only reunited" Holland-Dozier-Holland songwriting team from 1960s Motown soul music fame. Francesca Zambello directed the San Diego production. The creators and Zambello were engaged for the project in 2006. An industry reading of the musical was held in February 2009, with principals Ana Gasteyer, Carolee Carmello and Adriane Lenox.

The principal cast in the San Diego production originally included Karen Ziemba as Annie, Adriane Lenox as Elise, Barbara Walsh as Brenda, John Dossett as Aaron, Kevyn Morrow as Bill, Brad Oscar as Morty, Sara Chase as Trophy Wife, and Sam Harris as Duane. Lisa Stevens choreographed, with scenic design by Peter J. Davison and costumes by Paul Tazewell. On June 16, 2009, Lenox dropped out of the production due to health concerns and was replaced by Sheryl Lee Ralph. The production's tryout received mixed to negative reviews, but the production sold approximately 29,000 tickets in its five-week run.

The musical was reworked and opened in Chicago in March 2015 at the Oriental Theatre with a book re-written by Linda Bloodworth-Thomason of *Designing Women*. Originating producers, Jonas Neilson and Paul Lambert, teamed with Elizabeth Williams and John Frost, and brought on Simon Phillips to direct.

## Musical Numbers

## InfoBox

| *First Wives Club* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Music | Brian Holland, Lamont Dozier, Eddie Holland |
| Lyrics | Brian Holland, Lamont Dozier, Eddie Holland |
| Book | Linda Bloodworth-Thomason |
| Basis | 1996 film *The First Wives Club* |
| Productions | 2009 San Diego, California<br>2015 Chicago |


title: Thidna Conservation Park

abstract: Thidna Conservation Park is a protected area located in the Australian state of South Australia on the Yorke Peninsula in the locality of Corny Point about 45 kilometres (28 mi) west of the state capital of Adelaide and about 60 kilometres (37 mi) south-west of the municipal seat of Maitland. The conservation park occupies land in Allotment 102 in Deposited Plan 95664 within the cadastral unit of the Hundred of Carribie. It was proclaimed on 19 December 2017 under the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972. On the same day, a separate proclamation ensured that “certain existing and future rights of entry, prospecting, exploration or mining” permitted under the state's Mining Act 1971 and Petroleum and Geothermal Energy Act 2000 would apply to the extent of the conservation park. As of 2018, it covered an area of 8.57 square kilometres (3.31 sq mi). Its name is derived from an Aboriginal name meaning ‘foot’ which is considered as an ‘appropriate’ name based on the location of the conservation park on the southern end of the Yorke Peninsula. The meaning of ‘Thidna’ was supplied by the Point Pearce Aboriginal Community and was subsequently approved by the Geographical Names Advisory Committee in 1993. An announcement made on 30 December 2017 by Ian Hunter, the then Minister for Sustainability, Environment and Conservation in the South Australian government described the conservation park as follows:The new Thidna Conservation Park, between Corny Point and Daly Head on southern Yorke Peninsula, protects 857 ha of remnant native vegetation in a landscape that has been heavily cleared for agriculture. The conservation park is classified as an IUCN Category VI protected area.

text:
# Thidna Conservation Park

**Thidna Conservation Park** is a protected area located in the Australian state of South Australia on the Yorke Peninsula in the locality of Corny Point about 45 kilometres (28 mi) west of the state capital of Adelaide and about 60 kilometres (37 mi) south-west of the municipal seat of Maitland.

The conservation park occupies land in Allotment 102 in Deposited Plan 95664 within the cadastral unit of the Hundred of Carribie. It was proclaimed on 19 December 2017 under the *National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972*. On the same day, a separate proclamation ensured that “certain existing and future rights of entry, prospecting, exploration or mining” permitted under the state's *Mining Act 1971* and *Petroleum and Geothermal Energy Act 2000* would apply to the extent of the conservation park. As of 2018, it covered an area of 8.57 square kilometres (3.31 sq mi).

Its name is derived from an Aboriginal name meaning ‘foot’ which is considered as an ‘appropriate’ name based on the location of the conservation park on the southern end of the Yorke Peninsula. The meaning of ‘Thidna’ was supplied by the Point Pearce Aboriginal Community and was subsequently approved by the Geographical Names Advisory Committee in 1993.

An announcement made on 30 December 2017 by Ian Hunter, the then Minister for Sustainability, Environment and Conservation in the South Australian government described the conservation park as follows:

> The new Thidna Conservation Park, between Corny Point and Daly Head on southern Yorke Peninsula, protects 857 ha of remnant native vegetation in a landscape that has been heavily cleared for agriculture.

The conservation park is classified as an IUCN Category VI protected area.

## InfoBox

| Thidna Conservation Park
Corny Point, South Australia | |
| --- | --- |
| IUCN category VI (protected area with sustainable use of natural resources) | |
| Thidna Conservation Park | |
| Nearest town or city | Corny Point |
| Coordinates | 34°59′31″S 136°59′43″E / 34.99193°S 136.99521°E / -34.99193; 136.99521 |
| Established | 17 December 2017 (2017-12-17) |
| Area | 8.57 km2 (3.3 sq mi) |
| Managing authorities | Department for Environment and Water |
| See also | Protected areas of South Australia |


title: Prayer of Humble Access

abstract: The Prayer of Humble Access is the name traditionally given to a prayer originally from early Anglican Books of Common Prayer and contained in many Anglican, Methodist, Presbyterian, and other Christian eucharistic liturgies, including use by the personal ordinariates for former Anglican groups reconciled to the Catholic Church. Its origins lie in the healing the centurion's servant as recounted in two of the Gospels. It is comparable to the "Domine, non sum dignus" used in the Catholic Mass.

text:
# Prayer of Humble Access

The **Prayer of Humble Access** is the name traditionally given to a prayer originally from early Anglican *Books of Common Prayer* and contained in many Anglican, Methodist, Presbyterian, and other Christian eucharistic liturgies, including use by the personal ordinariates for former Anglican groups reconciled to the Catholic Church. Its origins lie in the healing the centurion's servant as recounted in two of the Gospels. It is comparable to the "*Domine, non sum dignus*" used in the Catholic Mass.

## Origins

The prayer was an integral part of the early *Books of Common Prayer* of the Church of England and has continued to be used throughout much of the Anglican Communion. Its name is derived from the heading above the prayer in the Scottish *Book of Common Prayer* of 1637. This book was a moderate revision of the English *Book of Common Prayer* of that time, with influences and changes to concede to the Scottish Presbyterians. One change was the inclusion of the Prayer of Humble Access. The prayer finds its roots in a prayer of "worthy reception" which appeared in the Order for Communion in 1548 and was retained in the 1549 *Book of Common Prayer* published during Edward VI's reign. The prayer was not apparently a translation of a pre-existing prayer found in the Sarum Rite \- but was a unique combination of several sources, including phrases or concepts from Mark 7:28, the Liturgy of Saint Basil, a Gregorian collect, John 6:56, and the writings of Thomas Aquinas.

In its earliest appearance the prayer followed the confession and absolution and "comfortable words" which were inserted after the Roman Canon of the Mass. It remained there with the coming of the prayer book the next year.

In the 1552 prayer book, the prayer appears immediately after the proper preface and Sanctus of the eucharistic prayer. It retains this position in the 1662 prayer book. In subsequent revisions by various national churches, and in the proposed 1928 English BCP revision, the prayer was moved to after the Lord's Prayer and before the Agnus Dei, after which the consecrated elements are administered.

## Versions

The Prayer of Humble Access is based on two passages from the New Testament. One is Matthew 8:8; "The centurion replied, Lord, I do not deserve to have you come under my roof. But just say the word, and my servant will be healed." The other is found in Mark 7:28. It is a reply from a woman in speaking to Jesus regarding her unworthiness, who said, "but even the dogs under the table eat the children's crumbs".

The version of 1548 and 1549 appear below with modernised spelling:

> We do not presume to come to this thy table (O merciful Lord) trusting in our own righteousness, but in thy manifold and great mercies: we be not worthy so much as to gather up the crumbs under thy table: but thou art the same Lord, whose property is always to have mercy: grant us therefore, gracious Lord, so to eat the flesh of thy dear Son Jesus Christ, and to drink his blood, \[in these holy Mysteries,\] that we may continually dwell in him, and he in us, that our sinful bodies may be made clean by his body, and our souls washed through his most precious blood. Amen.

In later versions, the bracketed words were deleted, and the last two clauses are rearranged. The 1552 revision (in the modernised spelling of the 1662 prayer book) reads as follows:

> We do not presume to come to this thy Table, O merciful Lord, trusting in our own righteousness, but in thy manifold and great mercies. We are not worthy so much as to gather up the crumbs under thy Table. But thou art the same Lord, whose property is always to have mercy: Grant us therefore, gracious Lord, so to eat the flesh of thy dear Son Jesus Christ, and to drink his blood, that our sinful bodies may be made clean by his body, and our souls washed through his most precious blood, and that we may evermore dwell in him, and he in us. Amen.

The 1928 prayer book of the American Episcopal Church retains the 1662 wording. This same wording is used in Divine Worship: The Missal, promulgated in 2015 for Catholics in the personal ordinariates. Many contemporary Anglican liturgies, however, have revised it to varying degrees. The American 1979 prayer book and English *Alternative Service Book* (1980) versions may omit the phrase "that our sinful bodies may be made clean by his body, and our souls washed through his most precious blood". The phrase has been restored in the *Common Worship* version. Some Anglican eucharistic liturgies omit the prayer entirely. In the 1979 Prayer Book of the American Episcopal Church, the Prayer of Humble Access is an option after the fraction anthem in the (traditional language) Rite I service but not in the (contemporary language) Rite II service. A contemporary language rendition is found in the 2019 Prayer Book of the Anglican Church in North America.

The version of the prayer used in the *Book of Common Worship* (1993) of the Presbyterian Church (USA) uses contemporary English:

> We do not presume to come to your table, merciful Lord, trusting in our own goodness, but in your all-embracing love and mercy. We are not worthy even to gather up the crumbs under your table, but it is your nature always to have mercy. So feed us with the body and blood of Jesus Christ, your Son, that we may forever live in him and he in us. Amen.

The version of the prayer used in the eucharistic liturgy of the Free Methodist Church is as follows:

> We do not come to this Your table, O merciful Lord, with self-confidence and pride, trusting in our own righteousness, but we trust in Your great and many mercies. We are not worthy to gather the crumbs from under Your table. But You, O Lord, are unchanging in Your mercy and Your nature is love; grant us, therefore, God of mercy, God of grace, so to eat at this Your table that we may receive in spirit and in truth the body of Your dear Son, Jesus Christ, and the merits of His shed blood, so that we may live and grow in His likeness and, being washed and cleansed through His most precious blood, we may evermore live in Him and He in us. Amen.

## *Domine, non sum dignus*

There is some similarity with the prayer said immediately prior to communion in the Roman Rite Mass: *Domine, non sum dignus, ut intres sub tectum meum: sed tantum dic verbo, et sanabitur anima mea* which is translated: "“Lord, I am not worthy that you should enter under my roof, but only say the word and my soul shall be healed." Prior to the revisions made by the Second Vatican Council in the mid-1960s, the prayer was recited three times in Latin.

The 1662/1928 version of the prayer is used in *Divine Worship: The Missal*, the version of the Roman Rite Mass authorized for use by Roman Catholics in the personal ordinariates established under Pope Benedict XVI's Apostolic Constitution *Anglicanorum Cœtibus*. Either the Prayer of Humble Access or the *Domine, non sum dignus* is recited prior to the Communion of the Faithful.

William Byrd composed a six-voice motet for *Domine, non sum dignus*.

## Bibliography

* Anglican Church of Canada, *Book of Alternative Services*, Toronto: Anglican Book Centre, 1985.
* Hatchett, Marion J. "Prayer Books" in *The Study of Anglicanism*, ed. by Stephen Sykes and John Booty, London: SPCK, 1988.
* *The First and Second Prayer Books of Edward VI*, Everyman's Library, no. 448. London: J.M. Dent & Sons, 1910.
* *Divine Worship: The Missal*, Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, Catholic Truth Society, 2015


title: 1981–82 Boston Celtics season

abstract: The 1981–82 Boston Celtics season was the 36th season of the Boston Celtics in the National Basketball Association (NBA). The Celtics entered the season as the defending NBA champions. They finished the season with the best record in the NBA. Boston was notably defeated in a seven-game series with their bitter rivals, the Philadelphia 76ers; in the final game, with the contest well decided, fans chanted "Beat L.A.," helping kick off one of American sports' most famous fan chants.

text:
# 1981–82 Boston Celtics season

The **1981–82 Boston Celtics season** was the 36th season of the Boston Celtics in the National Basketball Association (NBA). The Celtics entered the season as the defending NBA champions. They finished the season with the best record in the NBA.

Boston was notably defeated in a seven-game series with their bitter rivals, the Philadelphia 76ers; in the final game, with the contest well decided, fans chanted "Beat L.A.," helping kick off one of American sports' most famous fan chants.

## Draft picks

| Round | Pick | Player | Position | Nationality | College |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 23 | Charles Bradley | SG | United States | WyomingSr. |
| 5 | 95 | Glen Grunwald | C | United States | Indiana |
|

## Roster

**1981–82 Boston Celtics roster**
| Players | Coaches |
| --- | --- |
| Pos. No. Name Height Weight DOB From  SG 44 Ainge, Danny 6 ft 4 in (1.93 m) 175 lb (79 kg) 1959–03–17 BYU  PG 7 Archibald, Nate 6 ft 1 in (1.85 m) 150 lb (68 kg) 1948–09–02 UTEP  PF 33 Bird, Larry 6 ft 9 in (2.06 m) 220 lb (100 kg) 1956–12–07 Indiana State  SG 35 Bradley, Charles 6 ft 5 in (1.96 m) 215 lb (98 kg) 1959–05–16 Wyoming  SF 30 Carr, M. L. 6 ft 6 in (1.98 m) 205 lb (93 kg) 1951–01–09 Guilford  SG 40 Duerod, Terry 6 ft 2 in (1.88 m) 180 lb (82 kg) 1956–07–29 Detroit Mercy  45 Fernsten, Eric 6 ft 10 in (2.08 m) 205 lb (93 kg) 1953–11–01 San Francisco  SG 42 Ford, Chris 6 ft 5 in (1.96 m) 190 lb (86 kg) 1949–01–11 Villanova  PG 43 Henderson, Gerald 6 ft 2 in (1.88 m) 175 lb (79 kg) 1956–01–16 VCU  SF 31 Maxwell, Cedric 6 ft 8 in (2.03 m) 205 lb (93 kg) 1955–11–21 Charlotte  PF 32 McHale, Kevin 6 ft 10 in (2.08 m) 210 lb (95 kg) 1957–12–19 Minnesota  00 Parish, Robert 7 ft 1 in (2.16 m) 230 lb (104 kg) 1953–08–30 Centenary  53 Robey, Rick 6 ft 11 in (2.11 m) 230 lb (104 kg) 1956–01–30 Kentucky | Head coach Assistant coach(es)   ---  Legend * **(DP)** Unsigned draft pick * **(FA)** Free agent * **(S)** Suspended * **(L)** On leave from the team * Injured  ---  Roster |

## Regular season

### Season standings

|  | W | L | PCT | GB | Home | Road | Div |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **y**-Boston Celtics | 63 | 19 | .768 |  | 35–6 | 28–13 | 20–4 |
| **x**-Philadelphia 76ers | 58 | 24 | .707 | 5.0 | 32–9 | 26–15 | 16–8 |
| **x**-New Jersey Nets | 44 | 38 | .537 | 19.0 | 25–16 | 19–22 | 12–12 |
| **x**-Washington Bullets | 43 | 39 | .524 | 20.0 | 22–19 | 21–20 | 7–17 |
| New York Knicks | 33 | 49 | .402 | 30.0 | 19–22 | 14–27 | 5–19 |

| # |  | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Team | W | L | PCT | GB |
| 1 | **z**-Boston Celtics | 63 | 19 | .768 |  |
| 2 | **y**-Milwaukee Bucks | 55 | 27 | .671 | 8 |
| 3 | **x**-Philadelphia 76ers | 58 | 24 | .707 | 5 |
| 4 | **x**-New Jersey Nets | 44 | 38 | .537 | 19 |
| 5 | **x**-Washington Bullets | 43 | 39 | .524 | 20 |
| 6 | **x**-Atlanta Hawks | 42 | 40 | .512 | 21 |
|  | | | | | |
| 7 | Detroit Pistons | 39 | 43 | .476 | 24 |
| 8 | Indiana Pacers | 35 | 47 | .427 | 28 |
| 9 | Chicago Bulls | 34 | 48 | .415 | 29 |
| 10 | New York Knicks | 33 | 49 | .402 | 30 |
| 11 | Cleveland Cavaliers | 15 | 67 | .183 | 48 |

### Record vs. opponents

| 1981-82 NBA Records | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Team | ATL | BOS | CHI | CLE | DAL | DEN | DET | GSW | HOU | IND | KCK | LAL | MIL | NJN | NYK | PHI | PHO | POR | SAS | SDC | SEA | UTA | WAS |
| Atlanta |  | 1–5 | 2–3 | 4–2 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 2–4 | 0–2 | 2–0 | 4–2 | 1–1 | 0–2 | 3–3 | 3–2 | 5–1 | 3–3 | 1–1 | 2–0 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 2–0 | 2–4 |
| Boston | 5–1 |  | 4–2 | 5–0 | 2–0 | 1–1 | 6–0 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 4–1 | 2–0 | 1–1 | 3–3 | 5–1 | 5–1 | 4–2 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 2–0 | 2–0 | 0–2 | 2–0 | 6–0 |
| Chicago | 3–2 | 2–4 |  | 5–1 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 0–6 | 0–2 | 1–1 | 3–3 | 1–1 | 2–0 | 1–5 | 2–4 | 3–2 | 1–5 | 0–2 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 2–0 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 2–4 |
| Cleveland | 2–4 | 0–5 | 1–5 |  | 2–0 | 0–2 | 1–5 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 1–5 | 1–1 | 0–2 | 0–6 | 0–6 | 0–6 | 0–5 | 0–2 | 1–1 | 0–2 | 1–1 | 0–2 | 2–0 | 1–5 |
| Dallas | 1–1 | 0–2 | 1–1 | 0–2 |  | 1–5 | 1–1 | 0–5 | 2–4 | 1–1 | 4–2 | 1–4 | 1–1 | 2–0 | 1–1 | 0–2 | 2–3 | 2–3 | 1–5 | 2–3 | 1–4 | 3–3 | 1–1 |
| Denver | 1–1 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 2–0 | 5–1 |  | 1–1 | 3–2 | 5–1 | 0–2 | 4–2 | 1–4 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 2–3 | 2–3 | 2–4 | 5–0 | 2–3 | 3–3 | 2–0 |
| Detroit | 4–2 | 0–6 | 6–0 | 5–1 | 1–1 | 1–1 |  | 2–0 | 2–0 | 2–4 | 2–0 | 0–2 | 2–4 | 2–4 | 3–3 | 2–3 | 0–2 | 0–2 | 0–2 | 2–0 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 1–4 |
| Golden State | 2–0 | 1–1 | 2–0 | 1–1 | 5–0 | 2–3 | 0–2 |  | 1–4 | 2–0 | 3–2 | 3–3 | 2–0 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 0–2 | 4–2 | 2–4 | 3–2 | 5–1 | 1–5 | 3–2 | 1–1 |
| Houston | 0–2 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 4–2 | 1–5 | 0–2 | 4–1 |  | 2–0 | 3–3 | 1–4 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 3–2 | 4–1 | 3–3 | 4–1 | 2–3 | 6–0 | 2–0 |
| Indiana | 2–4 | 1–5 | 3–3 | 5–1 | 1–1 | 2–0 | 4–2 | 0–2 | 0–2 |  | 1–1 | 0–2 | 0–6 | 4–2 | 3–2 | 0–6 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 2–0 | 2–0 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 1–5 |
| Kansas City | 1–1 | 0–2 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 2–4 | 2–4 | 0–2 | 2–3 | 3–3 | 1–1 |  | 1–4 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 2–0 | 0–2 | 2–3 | 0–5 | 1–5 | 4–1 | 2–3 | 3–3 | 0–2 |
| Los Angeles | 2–0 | 1–1 | 0–2 | 2–0 | 4–1 | 4–1 | 2–0 | 3–3 | 4–1 | 2–0 | 4–1 |  | 0–2 | 1–1 | 0–2 | 1–1 | 4–2 | 5–1 | 2–3 | 5–1 | 4–2 | 5–0 | 2–0 |
| Milwaukee | 3–3 | 3–3 | 5–1 | 6–0 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 4–2 | 0–2 | 1–1 | 6–0 | 1–1 | 2–0 |  | 4–1 | 3–3 | 4–2 | 1–1 | 2–0 | 1–1 | 2–0 | 0–2 | 2–0 | 3–2 |
| New Jersey | 2–3 | 1–5 | 4–2 | 6–0 | 0–2 | 1–1 | 4–2 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 2–4 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 1–4 |  | 4–2 | 3–3 | 2–0 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 2–0 | 0–2 | 2–0 | 4–2 |
| New York | 1–5 | 1–5 | 2–3 | 6–0 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 3–3 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 2–3 | 0–2 | 2–0 | 3–3 | 2–4 |  | 1–5 | 0–2 | 1–1 | 0–2 | 2–0 | 0–2 | 2–0 | 1–5 |
| Philadelphia | 3–3 | 2–4 | 5–1 | 5–0 | 2–0 | 1–1 | 3–2 | 2–0 | 1–1 | 6–0 | 2–0 | 1–1 | 2–4 | 3–3 | 5–1 |  | 1–1 | 2–0 | 0–2 | 2–0 | 2–0 | 2–0 | 6–0 |
| Phoenix | 1–1 | 1–1 | 2–0 | 2–0 | 3–2 | 3–2 | 2–0 | 2–4 | 2–3 | 1–1 | 3–2 | 2–4 | 1–1 | 0–2 | 2–0 | 1–1 |  | 3–3 | 4–1 | 4–2 | 3–3 | 3–2 | 1–1 |
| Portland | 0–2 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 3–2 | 3–2 | 2–0 | 4–2 | 1–4 | 1–1 | 5–0 | 1–5 | 0–2 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 0–2 | 3–3 |  | 3–2 | 4–2 | 3–3 | 4–1 | 0–2 |
| San Antonio | 1–1 | 0–2 | 1–1 | 2–0 | 5–1 | 4–2 | 2–0 | 2–3 | 3–3 | 0–2 | 5–1 | 3–2 | 1–1 | 1–1 | 2–0 | 2–0 | 1–4 | 2–3 |  | 3–2 | 4–1 | 3–3 | 1–1 |
| San Diego | 1–1 | 0–2 | 0–2 | 1–1 | 3–2 | 0–5 | 0–2 | 1–5 | 1–4 | 0–2 | 1–4 | 1–5 | 0–2 | 0–2 | 0–2 | 0–2 | 2–4 | 2–4 | 2–3 |  | 1–5 | 1–4 | 0–2 |
| Seattle | 1–1 | 2–0 | 1–1 | 2–0 | 4–1 | 3–2 | 1–1 | 5–1 | 3–2 | 1–1 | 3–2 | 2–4 | 2–0 | 2–0 | 2–0 | 0–2 | 3–3 | 3–3 | 1–4 | 5–1 |  | 5–0 | 1–1 |
| Utah | 0–2 | 0–2 | 1–1 | 0–2 | 3–3 | 3–3 | 1–1 | 2–3 | 0–6 | 1–1 | 3–3 | 0–5 | 0–2 | 0–2 | 0–2 | 0–2 | 2–3 | 1–4 | 3–3 | 4–1 | 0–5 |  | 1–1 |
| Washington | 4–2 | 0–6 | 4–2 | 5–1 | 1–1 | 0–2 | 4–1 | 1–1 | 0–2 | 5–1 | 2–0 | 0–2 | 2–3 | 2–4 | 5–1 | 0–6 | 1–1 | 2–0 | 1–1 | 2–0 | 1–1 | 1–1 |  |

## Game log

### Regular season

| 1981–82 game log
Total: 63–19 (home: 35–6; road: 28–13) |
| --- |
|
| October: 1–1 (home: 1–0; road: 0–1)    Game Date Team Score High points High rebounds High assists Location
Attendance Record  1 October 30 Washington W 124–100    Boston Garden 1–0  2 October 31 @ Milwaukee L 103–119    MECCA Arena 1–1 |
| November: 12–1 (home: 7–1; road: 5–0)    Game Date Team Score High points High rebounds High assists Location
Attendance Record  3 November 4 Chicago W 115–93    Boston Garden 2–1  4 November 6 Indiana W 111–94    Boston Garden 3–1  5 November 7 @ Detroit W 129–88    Pontiac Silverdome 4–1  6 November 10 @ Washington W 90–84    Capital Centre 5–1  7 November 11 Kansas City W 115–100    Boston Garden 6–1  8 November 13 New Jersey W 111–97    Hartford Civic Center 7–1  9 November 14 @ Cleveland W 92–91    Richfield Coliseum 8–1  10 November 17 @ Chicago W 98–95    Chicago Stadium 9–1  11 November 18 Houston L 104–106    Boston Garden 9–2  12 November 20 Milwaukee W 112–89    Boston Garden 10–2  13 November 25 Golden State W 122–101    Boston Garden 11–2  14 November 27 Washington W 113–100    Boston Garden 12–2  15 November 28 @ Atlanta W 98–90    The Omni 13–2 |
| December: 9–5 (home: 6–0; road: 3–5)    Game Date Team Score High points High rebounds High assists Location
Attendance Record  16 December 1 @ Indiana L 87–90    Market Square Arena 13–3  17 December 2 Detroit W 115–114    Boston Garden 14–3  18 December 4 Philadelphia W 111–103    Boston Garden 15–3  19 December 5 @ New York L 83–103    Madison Square Garden 15–4  20 December 9 New Jersey W 109–100    Boston Garden 16–4  21 December 11 Atlanta W 94–86    Hartford Civic Center 17–4  22 December 12 @ Atlanta L 97–108    The Omni 17–5  23 December 16 Dallas W 109–92    Boston Garden 18–5  24 December 18 @ Washington W 99–98    Capital Centre 19–5  25 December 19 @ Philadelphia L 118–123 (OT)    The Spectrum 19–6  26 December 22 Cleveland W 120–116    Boston Garden 20–6  27 December 26 @ Kansas City W 124–119 (OT)    Kemper Arena 21–6  28 December 29 @ Denver L 123–128    McNichols Sports Arena 21–7  29 December 30 @ Utah W 121–110    Salt Palace Acord Arena 22–7 |
| January: 10–4 (home: 5–3; road: 5–1)    Game Date Team Score High points High rebounds High assists Location
Attendance Record  30 January 2 @ Cleveland W 106–103    Richfield Coliseum 22–8  31 January 6 Chicago L 102–116    Boston Garden 23–8  32 January 8 Philadelphia W 96–90    Boston Garden 24–8  33 January 10 Detroit W 134–124    Hartford Civic Center 25–8  34 January 11 @ New Jersey W 112–94    Brendan Byrne Arena 26–8  35 January 13 Atlanta W 116–95    Boston Garden 27–8  36 January 15 @ Milwaukee L 118–122    MECCA Arena 27–9  37 January 16 @ Detroit W 128–120    Pontiac Silverdome 28–9  38 January 19 @ New York W 111–107    Madison Square Garden 29–9  39 January 20 Indiana W 112–103    Boston Garden 30–9  40 January 22 Seattle L 106–118    Boston Garden 30–10  41 January 24 Portland L 119–123    Boston Garden 30–11  42 January 27 New York W 131–99    Boston Garden 31–11  43 January 28 @ Cleveland W 116–104    Richfield Coliseum 32–11 |
| February: 8–4 (home: 4–1; road: 4–3)    Game Date Team Score High points High rebounds High assists Location
Attendance Record  44 February 2 @ Indiana W 109–105    Market Square Arena 33–11  45 February 5 Denver W 145–144    Boston Garden 34–11  46 February 7 Los Angeles L 113–119    Boston Garden 34–12  47 February 10 @ Phoenix L 110–112    Arizona Veterans Memorial Coliseum 34–13  48 February 12 @ San Diego W 129–116    San Diego Sports Arena 35–13  49 February 14 @ Los Angeles W 108–103    The Forum 36–13  50 February 17 @ Golden State L 105–121    Oakland–Alameda County Coliseum Arena 36–14  51 February 19 @ Portland W 127–117    Memorial Coliseum 37–14  52 February 21 @ Seattle L 100–103    Kingdome 37–15  53 February 24 Utah W 132–90    Boston Garden 38–15  54 February 26 San Diego W 122–110    Boston Garden 39–15  55 February 28 Milwaukee W 106–102    Boston Garden 40–15 |
| March: 16–1 (home: 8–1; road: 8–0)    Game Date Team Score High points High rebounds High assists Location
Attendance Record  56 March 2 @ Dallas W 101–97    Reunion Arena 41–15  58 March 5 @ Houston W 100–98    The Summit 43–15  59 March 7 New York W 107–106    Boston Garden 44–15  60 March 8 @ Detroit W 111–101    Pontiac Silverdome 45–15  61 March 10 Indiana W 121–100    Boston Garden 46–15  62 March 12 @ New Jersey W 113–109    Brendan Byrne Arena 47–15  63 March 14 Phoenix W 105–92    Boston Garden 48–15  64 March 16 @ Washington W 98–97 (OT)    Capital Centre 49–15  65 March 17 Atlanta W 113–109    Boston Garden 50–15  67 March 21 @ Philadelphia W 123–111    The Spectrum 52–15  68 March 23 @ Chicago W 110–103    Chicago Stadium 53–15  69 March 24 Cleveland W 136–115    Boston Garden 54–15  70 March 26 Detroit W 125–104    Boston Garden 55–15  71 March 28 Philadelphia L 98–116    Boston Garden 55–16  72 March 31 Washington W 119–109    Boston Garden 56–16 |
| April: 7–3 (home: 4–0; road: 3–3)    Game Date Team Score High points High rebounds High assists Location
Attendance Record  73 April 2 @ Atlanta W 110–107    The Omni 57–16  74 April 4 Chicago W 114–112    Boston Garden 58–16  75 April 6 @ Milwaukee L 116–122    MECCA Arena 58–17  76 April 8 @ New York W 110–106    Madison Square Garden 59–17  77 April 9 New Jersey W 106–103    Boston Garden 60–17  78 April 11 @ Philadelphia W 110–109 (OT)    The Spectrum 61–17  79 April 13 @ Chicago L 115–120    Chicago Stadium 61–18  80 April 14 Milwaukee W 100–91    Boston Garden 62–18  81 April 16 @ New Jersey L 96–113    Brendan Byrne Arena 62–19  82 April 18 New York W 119–99    Boston Garden 63–19 |
| 1981–82 schedule | |

### Playoffs

| 1982 playoff game log |
| --- |
|
| Conference semifinals: 4–1 (home: 2–1; road: 2–0)    Game Date Team Score High points High rebounds High assists Location
Attendance Series  1 April 25 Washington W 109–91 M. L. Carr (21) Larry Bird (12) Tiny Archibald (7) Boston Garden
15,320 1–0  2 April 28 Washington L 102–103 Larry Bird (26) Bird, Parish (10) Tiny Archibald (6) Boston Garden
15,320 1–1  3 May 1 @ Washington W 92–83 Robert Parish (25) Parish, Archibald (13) Tiny Archibald (5) Capital Centre
15,035 2–1  4 May 2 @ Washington W 103–99 (OT) Robert Parish (28) Robert Parish (15) Tiny Archibald (4) Capital Centre
16,295 3–1  5 May 5 Washington W 131–126 (2OT) Robert Parish (33) Robert Parish (13) Tiny Archibald (11) Boston Garden
15,320 4–1 |
| Conference finals: 3–4 (home: 2–2; road: 1–2)    Game Date Team Score High points High rebounds High assists Location
Attendance Series  1 May 9 Philadelphia W 121–81 Bird, Parish (24) Larry Bird (15) Larry Bird (10) Boston Garden
15,320 1–0  2 May 12 Philadelphia L 113–121 Tiny Archibald (24) Larry Bird (14) Tiny Archibald (13) Boston Garden
15,320 1–1  3 May 15 @ Philadelphia L 97–99 Cedric Maxwell (18) Larry Bird (13) Larry Bird (11) Spectrum
18,364 1–2  4 May 16 @ Philadelphia L 94–119 Robert Parish (18) Larry Bird (9) Gerald Henderson (7) Spectrum
18,364 1–3  5 May 19 Philadelphia W 114–85 Robert Parish (26) Larry Bird (20) Larry Bird (8) Boston Garden
15,320 2–3  6 May 21 @ Philadelphia W 88–75 Kevin McHale (17) Larry Bird (17) Danny Ainge (7) Spectrum
18,364 3–3  7 May 23 Philadelphia L 106–120 Robert Parish (23) Robert Parish (14) Larry Bird (9) Boston Garden
15,320 3–4 |
| 1982 schedule | |

## Awards and honors

* Larry Bird, All-NBA First Team

## InfoBox

| 1981–82 Boston Celtics season | |
| --- | --- |
| Division champions | |
| Head coach | Bill Fitch |
| General manager | Red Auerbach |
| Arena | Boston Garden
Hartford Civic Center |
| Results | |
| Record | 6319 (.768) |
| Place | Division: 1st (Atlantic)
Conference: 1st (Eastern) |
| Playoff finish | Eastern Conference finals
(lost to 76ers 3–4) |
| ---  Stats at **Basketball-Reference.com** | |
| Local media | |
| Television | PRISM New England, WBZ, WATR |
| Radio | WRKO, WTIC |
|


abstract: The Proletarian Theatre, Stage of the Revolutionary Workers of Greater Berlin was a radical theatre project which was set up in Berlin in October 1920 during the revolutionary period following the November Revolution. It was founded by Hermann Schüller and Erwin Piscator. It was a membership organization with around 5,000 to 6,000 workers as members before it was banned in April 1921. The theatre staged over 50 performances.

text:
# Proletarian Theatre, Stage of the Revolutionary Workers of Greater Berlin

The **Proletarian Theatre, Stage of the Revolutionary Workers of Greater Berlin** was a radical theatre project which was set up in Berlin in October 1920 during the revolutionary period following the November Revolution. It was founded by Hermann Schüller and Erwin Piscator. It was a membership organization with around 5,000 to 6,000 workers as members before it was banned in April 1921. The theatre staged over 50 performances.


title: Watford Borough Council elections

abstract: Watford Borough Council elections are held three years out of every four, to elect members of Watford Borough Council in Hertfordshire, England. A third of the council is elected each time. Since the last boundary changes in 2016 the council has comprised 36 councillors representing 12 wards, each of which elects three councillors. In addition to the 36 councillors Watford also has a directly-elected mayor. Elections to Hertfordshire County Council are held in the fourth year of the cycle when there are no borough council elections.

text:
# Watford Borough Council elections

**Watford Borough Council elections** are held three years out of every four, to elect members of Watford Borough Council in Hertfordshire, England. A third of the council is elected each time. Since the last boundary changes in 2016 the council has comprised 36 councillors representing 12 wards, each of which elects three councillors. In addition to the 36 councillors Watford also has a directly-elected mayor. Elections to Hertfordshire County Council are held in the fourth year of the cycle when there are no borough council elections.

## Council elections

## Results maps

## By-election results

### 1994-1998

Meriden By-Election 1 May 1997
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labour |  | 3,768 | 48.2 | −14.1 |
|  | Conservative |  | 2,473 | 31.7 | +9.8 |
|  | Liberal Democrats |  | 1,570 | 20.1 | +4.3 |
| Majority | | | 1,295 | 16.5 |  |
| Turnout | | | 7,811 |  |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

Nascot Park By-Election 1 May 1997
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Conservative |  | 3,695 | 50.0 | +1.7 |
|  | Liberal Democrats |  | 1,963 | 26.6 | +4.9 |
|  | Labour |  | 1,727 | 23.4 | −6.7 |
| Majority | | | 1,732 | 23.4 |  |
| Turnout | | | 7,385 |  |  |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

### 1998-2002

Holywell By-Election 7 June 2001
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labour |  | 1,447 | 51.1 | +7.3 |
|  | Liberal Democrats |  | 906 | 32.0 | +2.1 |
|  | Conservative |  | 477 | 16.9 | −1.9 |
| Majority | | | 541 | 19.1 |  |
| Turnout | | | 2,830 |  |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

Tudor By-Election 7 June 2001
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labour |  | 1,260 | 42.5 | +1.3 |
|  | Conservative |  | 1,011 | 34.1 | −7.6 |
|  | Liberal Democrats |  | 467 | 15.8 | −1.3 |
|  | Independent |  | 116 | 3.9 | +3.9 |
|  | Green |  | 112 | 3.8 | +3.8 |
| Majority | | | 249 | 8.4 |  |
| Turnout | | | 2,966 |  |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

Vicarage By-Election 7 June 2001
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labour |  | 1,691 | 56.9 | +0.9 |
|  | Conservative |  | 674 | 22.7 | +1.3 |
|  | Liberal Democrats |  | 607 | 20.4 | −2.2 |
| Majority | | | 1,017 | 34.2 |  |
| Turnout | | | 2,972 |  |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

### 2002-2006

Oxhey By-Election 20 June 2002
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Shirena Counter | 1,024 | 72.4 | +5.0 |
|  | Conservative | Alan Luto | 245 | 17.3 | −1.5 |
|  | Labour | Ngagbogu Akubue | 105 | 7.4 | −3.2 |
|  | Green | Faye Cullen | 40 | 2.8 | −0.4 |
| Majority | | | 779 | 55.1 |  |
| Turnout | | | 1,414 | 28.8 |  |
|  | Liberal Democrats **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

### 2006-2010

Nascot By-Election 15 June 2006
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Mark Watkin | 887 | 45.4 | +17.4 |
|  | Conservative | Angela Basit | 828 | 42.4 | −12.0 |
|  | Green | Sally Ivins | 145 | 7.4 | +1.3 |
|  | Labour | Mohammed Riaz | 92 | 4.7 | −6.9 |
| Majority | | | 59 | 3.0 |  |
| Turnout | | | 1,952 | 36.6 |  |
|  | Liberal Democrats **gain** from Conservative | | Swing |  |  |

Tudor By-Election 16 October 2008
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Darren Walford | 932 | 50.0 | +3.1 |
|  | Conservative | Richard Southern | 486 | 26.1 | −12.4 |
|  | Labour | Mark Xerri | 273 | 14.6 | +4.0 |
|  | Green | Helen Wynne | 91 | 4.9 | +0.9 |
|  | BNP | Guy Dickens | 83 | 4.5 | +4.5 |
| Majority | | | 446 | 23.9 |  |
| Turnout | | | 1,865 | 40.83 |  |
|  | Liberal Democrats **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

Leggatts By-Election 4 June 2009
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Conservative | Stephen Johnson | 534 | 27.1 |  |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Malcolm Adcock | 489 | 24.8 |  |
|  | Green | Maria Green | 463 | 23.5 |  |
|  | Labour | Ahsan Khan | 438 | 22.2 |  |
| Majority | | | 45 | 2.3 |  |
| Turnout | | | 1969 | 36.6 |  |
|  | Conservative **gain** from Liberal Democrats | | Swing |  |  |

### 2010-2014

Central By-Election 14 October 2010
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Helen Lynch | 696 | 44.1 | +7.3 |
|  | Labour | Fred Grindrod | 622 | 39.4 | +4.8 |
|  | Conservative | Youseffe Fahmy | 158 | 10.0 | −12.2 |
|  | Green | Dorothy Nixon | 79 | 5.0 | −1.4 |
|  | UKIP | Dan Channing | 24 | 1.5 | +1.5 |
| Majority | | | 74 | 4.7 |  |
| Turnout | | | 1,579 |  |  |
|  | Liberal Democrats **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

Nascot By-Election 29 September 2011
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Jeanette Aron | 1,021 | 48.5 | +2.9 |
|  | Conservative | Penny Edwards | 818 | 38.8 | +2.5 |
|  | Labour | Omar Ismail | 134 | 6.4 | −5.3 |
|  | Green | Sally Ivins | 133 | 6.3 | −0.1 |
| Majority | | | 203 | 9.6 |  |
| Turnout | | | 2,106 |  |  |
|  | Liberal Democrats **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

Vicarage By-Election 6 October 2011
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labour | Maureen Joan Mills | 917 | 52.9 | +2.8 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Philip Granville Gough | 403 | 23.2 | −4.3 |
|  | Independent | Mohammad Azam | 190 | 11.0 | +11.0 |
|  | Independent | Paul Baker | 129 | 7.4 | −0.7 |
|  | Conservative | David Charles Ealey | 95 | 5.5 | −3.7 |
| Majority | | | 514 | 29.6 |  |
| Turnout | | | 1,734 |  |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

Central By-Election 12 November 2012
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Lizz Ayre | 716 | 45.9 | −1.7 |
|  | Labour | Avril Haley | 550 | 35.3 | +4.3 |
|  | Conservative | Binita Mehta | 151 | 9.7 | −1.1 |
|  | Green | Su Murray | 83 | 5.3 | −0.9 |
|  | UKIP | Renie Price | 59 | 3.8 | −0.6 |
| Majority | | | 166 | 10.6 |  |
| Turnout | | | 1,559 |  |  |
|  | Liberal Democrats **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

Woodside By-Election 2 May 2013
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Glen Saffery | 487 | 37.2 | −7.4 |
|  | Conservative | Tony Rogers | 292 | 22.3 | −8.8 |
|  | UKIP | Philip Cox | 277 | 21.1 | +21.1 |
|  | Labour | Omar Ashraf | 212 | 16.2 | −0.7 |
|  | Green | Alison Wiesner | 42 | 3.2 | −4.1 |
| Majority | | | 195 | 14.9 |  |
| Turnout | | | 1,310 |  |  |
|  | Liberal Democrats **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

### 2014-2018

Leggatts By-Election 4 May 2017
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Labour | Richard Smith | 934 | 44.1 | −0.6 |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Helen Lynch | 762 | 36.0 | +19.2 |
|  | Conservative | Camilla Khawaja | 318 | 15.0 | −4.5 |
|  | Green | Su Murray | 104 | 4.9 | −9.7 |
| Majority | | | 172 | 8.1 |  |
| Turnout | | | 2,118 |  |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

Oxhey By-Election 4 May 2017
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Maggie Parker | 1,239 | 64.7 | +6.7 |
|  | Conservative | Richard Bell | 395 | 20.6 | +6.9 |
|  | Labour | Sue Sleeman | 281 | 14.7 | −0.3 |
| Majority | | | 844 | 44.1 |  |
| Turnout | | | 1,915 |  |  |
|  | Liberal Democrats **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

Park By-Election 4 May 2017
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Peter Jeffree | 1,430 | 54.7 | +10.1 |
|  | Conservative | David Fallon | 915 | 35.0 | +1.6 |
|  | Labour | Junior Sesay | 267 | 10.2 | −1.2 |
| Majority | | | 515 | 19.7 |  |
| Turnout | | | 2,612 |  |  |
|  | Liberal Democrats **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

### 2018-2022

Oxhey By-Election 21 June 2018
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Imran Hamid | 828 | 55.3 | −3.5 |
|  | Conservative | Joseph Gornicki | 420 | 28.1 | +4.7 |
|  | Labour | Sue Sleeman | 248 | 16.6 | −1.1 |
| Majority | | | 408 | 27.3 |  |
| Turnout | | | 1,496 |  |  |
|  | Liberal Democrats **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

Tudor By-Election 10 October 2019
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Liberal Democrats | Bill Stanton | 871 | 55.4 | −5.6 |
|  | Conservative | Carly Bishop | 490 | 31.2 | +13.2 |
|  | Labour | Seamus Williams | 210 | 13.4 | −7.5 |
| Majority | | | 381 | 24.3 |  |
| Turnout | | | 1,571 |  |  |
|  | Liberal Democrats **hold** | | Swing |  |  |


title: Los Angeles Contemporary Exhibitions

abstract: Located in Hollywood, Los Angeles Contemporary Exhibitions (LACE) is a nonprofit exhibition space and archive of the visual arts for the city of Los Angeles, California, United States, currently under the leadership of Sarah Russin.

text:
# Los Angeles Contemporary Exhibitions

Located in Hollywood, **Los Angeles Contemporary Exhibitions** (**LACE**) is a nonprofit exhibition space and archive of the visual arts for the city of Los Angeles, California, United States, currently under the leadership of Sarah Russin.

## History

In the mid-1970s, artists began living in large, inexpensive lofts built into the empty warehouses of downtown Los Angeles. LACE was initially located in the same area on Broadway, later moving to an industrial neighborhood near the Los Angeles River, and finally to Hollywood.

Founded in 1978 by a group of thirteen artists and based upon principles of grassroots community organizing and social change, LACE committed from the start to presenting experimental works of art in all media, including the then-experimental media of performance art and video. In 1982, Joy Silverman was appointed the first executive director. LACE provided an early venue for artists like Laurie Anderson, Nancy Buchanan, Chris Burden, Gronk, Ishmael Houston-Jones, Mike Kelley, Martin Kersels, Linda Nishio, Paper Tiger TV, Adrian Piper, Judith Simonian, Johanna Went, David Wojnarowicz, Bruce and Norman Yonemoto, and Liz Young. The presence of performance art and video in major museums suggest that these experimental media are now part of the artistic canon and testifies to the success of LACE to promote these media to a wider audience.

Originally located in Downtown Los Angeles, LACE moved to Hollywood in 1994. LACE has partnered with various organizations like YMCA, the Los Angeles LGBT Center, My Friend's Place, and Woodbury University. LACE also partners with other organizations including the Getty Museum, the Fellows of Contemporary Art, the California Institute of the Arts, the California College of the Arts in Oakland, Washington University in St. Louis, Kent State University, Atlanta College of Art, and Contemporary Art Gallery in Vancouver, British Columbia.

In 1998, LACE inaugurated Contemporary Editions LA, a fine-art publishing venture featuring Los Angeles-based artists, with editions in its first year by Paul McCarthy, Martin Kersels, and Sharon Lockhart. The following year, space published three new editions by artists Kevin Appel, Evan Holloway, and James Welling. In 2002, LACE published Contemporary Editions by John Baldessari, Laura Owens, and Raymond Pettibon.

In 2005, LACE published new editions with artists Amy Adler, Jeff Burton, and the 2006 Whitney Biennial artist Monica Majoli.

## Selected exhibitions

34°06′05″N 118°19′55″W / 34.101370°N 118.331871°W / 34.101370; -118.331871


title: Love the World Away

abstract: "Love the World Away" is a song written by Bob Morrison and Johnny Wilson, and recorded by American country music artist Kenny Rogers. It was released in June 1980 as the second single from the Urban Cowboy soundtrack. The song reached number 14 on the Billboard Hot 100, number 4 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart and number 8 on the Adult Contemporary chart. In Canada, "Love the World Away" peaked at number 25 on the pop singles chart, and hit 1 on the RPM Country Tracks chart.

text:
# Love the World Away

"**Love the World Away**" is a song written by Bob Morrison and Johnny Wilson, and recorded by American country music artist Kenny Rogers. It was released in June 1980 as the second single from the *Urban Cowboy soundtrack*. The song reached number 14 on the Billboard Hot 100, number 4 on the *Billboard* Hot Country Singles chart and number 8 on the Adult Contemporary chart.

In Canada, "Love the World Away" peaked at number 25 on the pop singles chart, and hit 1 on the *RPM* Country Tracks chart.

## Charts

| Chart (1980) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Canadian *RPM* Top Singles | 25 |
| Canadian *RPM* Country Tracks | 1 |
| US *Billboard* Hot 100 | 14 |
| US Hot Country Songs (*Billboard*) | 4 |
| US Adult Contemporary (*Billboard*) | 8 |

## InfoBox

| "Love the World Away" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Kenny Rogers | |
| from the album  *Urban Cowboy: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack* | |
| B-side | "Sayin' Goodbye/Requiem: Goin' Home to Rock" |
| Released | June 23, 1980 |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 3:11 |
| Label | Liberty |
| Songwriter(s) | Bob Morrison
Johnny Wilson |
| Kenny Rogers singles chronology | |
| "Don't Fall in Love with a Dreamer"
(1980) "**Love the World Away**"
(1980) "Lady"
(1980) | |


title: Passel

abstract: Passel is a commune in the Oise department in northern France.

text:
# Passel

**Passel** (French pronunciation: \[pasɛl\]) is a commune in the Oise department in northern France.

## InfoBox

| Passel | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| Location of Passel | |
| PasselPassel | |
| Coordinates: 49°33′27″N 2°57′47″E / 49.5575°N 2.9631°E / 49.5575; 2.9631 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Hauts-de-France |
| Department | Oise |
| Arrondissement | Compiègne |
| Canton | Noyon |
| Intercommunality | Pays Noyonnais |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Olivier Grioche |
| Area**1** | 3.65 km2 (1.41 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 270 |
| Density | 74/km2 (190/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 60488 /60400 |
| Elevation | 36–95 m (118–312 ft)
(avg. 42 m or 138 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Thierry Coquand

abstract: Thierry Coquand is a French computer scientist and mathematician who is currently a professor of computer science at the University of Gothenburg, having previously worked at INRIA. He is known for his work in constructive mathematics, especially the calculus of constructions. He received his Ph.D. under the supervision of Gérard Huet, another academic who has experience in both mathematics and computer science. According to the ACM Digital Library, his first published article was a 1985 collaboration with Huet titled "Constructions: A Higher Order Proof System for Mechanizing Mathematics". Coquand and Huet published another joint article in September of that year which further expanded on their ideas regarding constructive mathematics. In the following year, 1986, Coquand published a noteworthy paper about Girard's paradox in the System U logic system. Since then, Coquand has written a wide variety of papers in both French and English. In addition to his contributions to theoretical computer science, Coquand is also known for being the co-creator of the Coq proof assistant, which he began development of in 1984 while working at INRIA, and which was officially released in 1989. Coq won the ACM SIGPLAN Programming Languages Software Award in 2013, for "provid[ing] a rich environment for interactive development of machine-checked formal reasoning". Coq has been used to provide novel solutions for mathematical problems, especially for those that have a non-surveyable proof, such as the four color theorem. It has also been used in software development, such as with the CompCert C compiler. Coquand often gives talks about the subjects that he specializes in, such as his description of the work of University of Nottingham professor Thorsten Altenkirch.

text:
# Thierry Coquand

**Thierry Coquand** (French: \[kɔkɑ̃\]; born 18 April 1961) is a French computer scientist and mathematician who is currently a professor of computer science at the University of Gothenburg, having previously worked at INRIA. He is known for his work in constructive mathematics, especially the calculus of constructions.

He received his Ph.D. under the supervision of Gérard Huet, another academic who has experience in both mathematics and computer science. According to the ACM Digital Library, his first published article was a 1985 collaboration with Huet titled "Constructions: A Higher Order Proof System for Mechanizing Mathematics". Coquand and Huet published another joint article in September of that year which further expanded on their ideas regarding constructive mathematics. In the following year, 1986, Coquand published a noteworthy paper about Girard's paradox in the System U logic system. Since then, Coquand has written a wide variety of papers in both French and English.

In addition to his contributions to theoretical computer science, Coquand is also known for being the co-creator of the Coq (the name partially being a reference to Coquand's surname) proof assistant, which he began development of in 1984 while working at INRIA (a French national research institute for computer science and mathematics), and which was officially released in 1989. Coq won the ACM SIGPLAN Programming Languages Software Award in 2013, for "provid\[ing\] a rich environment for interactive development of machine-checked formal reasoning". Coq has been used to provide novel solutions for mathematical problems, especially for those that have a non-surveyable proof, such as the four color theorem. It has also been used in software development, such as with the CompCert  compiler.

Coquand often gives talks about the subjects that he specializes in, such as his description of the work of University of Nottingham professor Thorsten Altenkirch.


title: Prayer nut

abstract: Prayer nuts or Prayer beads are very small 16th century Gothic boxwood miniature sculptures, mostly originating from the north of today's Holland. They are typically detachable and open into halves of highly detailed and intricate Christian religious scenes. Their size varies between the size of a walnut and a golf ball. They are mostly the same shape, decorated with carved openwork Gothic tracery and flower heads. Most are 2–5 cm in diameter and designed so they could be held in the palm of a hand during personal devotion or hung from necklaces or belts as fashionable accessories. Prayer nuts often contain central scenes depicting episodes from the life of Mary or the Passion of Jesus. Some are single beads; more rare examples consist of up to eleven beads, including the "Chatsworth Rosary" gifted by Henry VIII to Catherine of Aragon, which is one of only two surviving boxwood rosaries. The figures are often dressed in fashionable contemporary clothing. The level of detail extends to the figure's shields, jacket buttons, and jewellery. In some instances, they contain carved inscriptions usually related to the meaning of the narrative.

text:
# Prayer nut

**Prayer nuts** or **Prayer beads** (Dutch: ***Gebedsnoot***) are very small 16th century Gothic boxwood miniature sculptures, mostly originating from the north of today's Holland. They are typically detachable and open into halves of highly detailed and intricate Christian religious scenes. Their size varies between the size of a walnut and a golf ball. They are mostly the same shape, decorated with carved openwork Gothic tracery and flower heads. Most are 2–5 cm in diameter and designed so they could be held in the palm of a hand during personal devotion or hung from necklaces or belts as fashionable accessories.

Prayer nuts often contain central scenes depicting episodes from the life of Mary or the Passion of Jesus. Some are single beads; more rare examples consist of up to eleven beads, including the "Chatsworth Rosary" gifted by Henry VIII to Catherine of Aragon, which is one of only two surviving boxwood rosaries. The figures are often dressed in fashionable contemporary clothing. The level of detail extends to the figure's shields, jacket buttons, and jewellery. In some instances, they contain carved inscriptions usually related to the meaning of the narrative.

## Etymology

The English term *prayer nut* is derived from the equivalent Dutch word *gebedsnoot*, and took on common usage in the 18th century. The use of the word "nut" may come from the fact that some of the beads were actually carved from nuts or pits, and although no such miniatures survive, it was a known practice in medieval southern Germany.

## Format

The beads are quite uniform in size and shape, often with a diameter ranging from around 30 to 65 millimetres. Suda notes how their "spiritual impact...\[was\] curiously...in inverse proportion to their size". They were often made as two half-shells that could be opened to reveal intricate interior detail. According to the art historian Dora Thornton, when the prayer nut was opened out, it "revealed the representation of the divine hidden inside."

The interiors range considerably in complexity and detail, with the more simple consisting of a low relief cut into a disc that has been rounded off at the back. At their most detailed and complex, Suda describes how the beads "played out like a grand opera on a miniature stage, complete with exotic costumes, elaborate props and animals large and small" and observes how they have an "Alice in Wonderland" quality, wherein "one tumbles headlong into the tiny world created by the carver...into the world they reveal beyond one's immediate surroundings."

The shape of a prayer nut likely carried deep significance; with the outer sheath representing Christ's human flesh; the bead stand, his cross; and the interior reliefs, his divinity. According to Thornton, "unfolding the nut is in itself an act of prayer, like opening up a personal illuminated prayer book, or watching the leaves of a large scale altarpiece being hinged back in a church service". However, Scholten questions their use for private religious devotion, noting how their diminutive scale made them impractical for meditation, as their imagery was not discernible without a magnifying glass or strong spectacles.

## Production

Many are thought to have come from the workshop of Adam Dircksz in Delft and were part of a larger tradition of Gothic boxwood miniatures. Important examples are held by various museums, most notably the Rijksmuseum, whose conservator Jaap Leeuwenberg in 1968 first traced their origins to Delft, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, which has several examples from the John Pierpont Morgan bequest, and the Art Gallery of Ontario, with its important Thomson collection. Together, the three museums combined research and held the *Small Wonders* exhibition, which they each hosted between 2016 and 2017.

Though many are made wholly from wood, others are encased in silver-gilt enclosures which may have made them more suitable for wearing from a belt or being attached to a rosary.

Scholten notes that the tracery may have been intended to suggest that the object contained a small relic, "so that the object took on the character of a talisman and was deemed to have an apotropaic effect". A number contain a wooden loop in the middle of one half so they could be worn hanging from a belt or carried in a case. A fragrant substance was sometimes placed inside the shell, which diffused when the beads were opened, making them comparable to the then fashionable pomanders.

In 1910 when G.C. Williamson wrote his catalogue of the collection for J.P. Morgan, the origin of these prayer nuts was still disputed, but he felt that a portrait painting of an old man in the collection of the Brussels museum that was at that time attributed to Christoph Amberger showed a prayer nut that looked like the rosary bead in the collection.

### Notres

### Sources

* Ellis, Lisa; Suda, Alexandra. "Small Wonders: Gothic Boxwood Miniatures". Art Gallery of Ontario, 2016. ISBN 978-1-8942-4390-2
* Scholten, Frits. *Small Wonders: Late Gothic Boxwood Microcarvings from the Low Countries*. Amsterdam: Rijksmuseum, 2017. ISBN 978-9-4917-1493-1
* Thornton, Dora, *A Rothschild Renaissance: The Waddesdon Bequest*. London: British Museum Press, 1985. ISBN 978-0-7141-2345-5

* Frits Scholten demonstrates opening and examining a prayer nut with Wieteke van Zeil for *Small Wonders* at the Rijksmuseum, on Canvas
* The Boxwood Project, Art Gallery of Ontario


title: Protorthodes eureka

abstract: Protorthodes eureka is a moth in the family Noctuidae first described by William Barnes and Foster Hendrickson Benjamin in 1927. It is found in North America from southern Alberta southward in the western Great Plains to Colorado and in the Great Basin to east-central California and south-western Colorado. The habitat consists of open xeric habitats, especially sagebrush prairie and open pinyon-juniper woodlands. The length of the forewings is 11–13 mm. The forewings are reddish brown with a longitudinally-streaked pattern resulting from dark-colored veins and lighter-brown color between the veins. There is a series of black sagittate (arrowhead-shaped) spots on the inner side of the almost straight subterminal line. The hindwings are pale whitish gray with a gray marginal band with an indistinct medial margin. The veins are dark. Adults are on wing from early August to late September.

text:
# Protorthodes eureka

***Protorthodes eureka*** is a moth in the family Noctuidae first described by William Barnes and Foster Hendrickson Benjamin in 1927. It is found in North America from southern Alberta southward in the western Great Plains to Colorado and in the Great Basin to east-central California and south-western Colorado. The habitat consists of open xeric habitats, especially sagebrush prairie and open pinyon-juniper woodlands.

The length of the forewings is 11–13 mm. The forewings are reddish brown with a longitudinally-streaked pattern resulting from dark-colored veins and lighter-brown color between the veins. There is a series of black sagittate (arrowhead-shaped) spots on the inner side of the almost straight subterminal line. The hindwings are pale whitish gray with a gray marginal band with an indistinct medial margin. The veins are dark. Adults are on wing from early August to late September.

## InfoBox

| *Protorthodes eureka* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Male | |
|  | |
| Female | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Noctuidae |
| Genus: | *Protorthodes* |
| Species: | ***P. eureka*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Protorthodes eureka***<br>(Barnes & Benjamin, 1927) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Eriopyga eureka* Barnes & Benjamin, 1927 | |


title: Malise Ruthven

abstract: Malise Walter Maitland Knox Hore-Ruthven is an Anglo-Irish academic and writer.

text:
# Malise Ruthven

**Malise Walter Maitland Knox Hore-Ruthven** (born 14 May 1942) is an Anglo-Irish academic and writer.

## Early life and education

Born in Dublin in 1942, Malise Ruthven was educated at Eton College before earning an M.A. (Cantab.) in English literature at Trinity College, Cambridge. He then worked as a scriptwriter with the BBC Arabic and World Service, and as a consultant on Middle Eastern affairs.

In 2000 Ruthven earned his PhD in Social and Political Sciences at the University of Cambridge. Having pursued a career as a writer, journalist and teacher, he focuses his work on religion, fundamentalism, and especially Islamic affairs.

## Teacher

He has taught Islamic studies, cultural history and comparative religion at the University of Aberdeen, Scotland, Birkbeck College, University of London, UC-San Diego, Dartmouth College (New Hampshire, USA) and Colorado College (Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA)

He has given numerous lectures as an expert on the Middle East. He has been described by Madeleine Bunting for *The Guardian* as "one of today's most perceptive observers and historians of religion".

## Journalist

Malise Ruthven's book reviews have appeared in *The Sunday Times*, *The Guardian*, *The Observer*, *The Times Literary Supplement*, *Prospect* magazine and *The New York Review of Books* (*NYR*). His blog for the *NYR*, "Revolution by Latrine", won an award from the Overseas Press Club of America in April 2011.

He is a regular contributor to the *NYR*, where he has written articles and reviews on such topics as Al Qaeda, Islam in Europe, unanswered questions in the Lockerbie crash and the repression of gay people in Iran. He also contributes occasionally to the BBC. He used the term "Islamofascism" as early as 8 September 1990 in *The Independent*. In 2004, London's *Prospect* magazine ranked Ruthven among the 100 top public intellectuals in the UK.

## Family

Malise Ruthven is the younger son of Patrick Hore-Ruthven and Pamela Margaret Fletcher.

His elder brother was Grey Ruthven, 2nd Earl of Gowrie and Alexander Hore-Ruthven, 1st Earl of Gowrie, was his grandfather.

He is the godson of the late Dame Freya Stark, whom his parents knew in Cairo in 1942; Ruthven published several collections of Stark's photographs.

## Publications

Books * *Torture: The Grand Conspiracy* (1978). London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. ISBN 0-297-77389-5
* *Traveller Through Time: A Photographic Journey with Freya Stark* (1986). London: Viking. ISBN 0-670-80183-6
* *The Divine Supermarket: Travels in Search of the Soul of America* (1989). London: Chatto. ISBN 0-7011-3151-9
* *A Satanic Affair: Salman Rushdie and the Rage of Islam* (1990). London: Chatto. ISBN 0-7011-3591-3
* *Freya Stark in the Levant: Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, Palestine* (1994) Reading: Garnet Publishing ISBN 1-85964-003-6
* *Freya Stark in Iraq and Kuwait* (1994) Reading: Garnet Publishing ISBN 1-85964-004-4
* *Freya Stark in Persia* (1994) Reading: Garnet Publishing ISBN 1-85964-011-7
* *Islam: A Very Short Introduction* (2000). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-285389-9
* *Fury for God: the Islamist Attack on America* (2002). London: Granta. ISBN 1-86207-540-9
* *Fundamentalism: the Search for Meaning* (2004). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-284091-6
* *Historical Atlas of the Islamic World* (2004). (with Azim Nanji). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-860997-3
* *Islam in the World* (1984, 1999, 2006). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-520454-9

Ruthven contributed an afterword to the most recent edition of Albert Hourani's *History of the Arab Peoples*, bringing that work up to date following Hourani's death. Dr Ruthven is internationally recognised for his work on Muslim thought and theology, fundamentalism, Mormonism, the social impact of religion and migration and the nexus between contemporary politics and belief.

Articles Recorded lectures


title: Watford F.C. Player of the Season

abstract: Watford Football Club are an English football club, from Watford, Hertfordshire. Founded in 1881 as Watford Rovers, the club has competed in the Football League since 1920 and since the 2015–16 season have competed in the Premier League. First introduced by the Watford Observer in the 1972–73 season, the Watford F.C. Player of the Season award is voted for annually by supporters of the club. It recognises the best overall performance by an individual player through the season. Winners were originally presented with the Watford Observer Trophy, but since 2016–17 the award has been named the Graham Taylor Player of the Season Award, after the club's former manager. Goalkeeper Andy Rankin won the initial award in the 1972–73 season, ahead of Colin Franks and Duncan Welbourne. In the 1974–75 season, Rankin won the award for the second time, becoming the first of ten players to do so as of 2016. Another goalkeeper, Tony Coton, is the only player to have received the title for a third time. Coton is one of four players to have won the award in consecutive seasons, the others being Wilf Rostron in 1982–83 and 1983–84, Tommy Smith in 2007–08 and 2008–09, and most recently, Troy Deeney in 2013–14 and 2014–15. Eight winners of the award have represented their country at full international level, of whom only John McClelland went on to become Watford's Player of the Season for a second time. Towards the end of each season, fans vote directly for the Player of the Season. Historically this has been conducted by post, but in recent years it has taken place on the Watford Observer's website. This system was earmarked for change to a match-by-match rating system in 2009, but in March 2010, the Observer decided to revert to the traditional method of voting.

text:
# Watford F.C. Player of the Season

Watford Football Club are an English football club, from Watford, Hertfordshire. Founded in 1881 as Watford Rovers, the club has competed in the Football League since 1920 and since the 2015–16 season have competed in the Premier League. First introduced by the *Watford Observer* in the 1972–73 season, the **Watford F.C. Player of the Season** award is voted for annually by supporters of the club. It recognises the best overall performance by an individual player through the season. Winners were originally presented with the *Watford Observer Trophy*, but since 201617 the award has been named the *Graham Taylor Player of the Season Award*, after the club's former manager.

Goalkeeper Andy Rankin won the initial award in the 1972–73 season, ahead of Colin Franks and Duncan Welbourne. In the 1974–75 season, Rankin won the award for the second time, becoming the first of ten players to do so as of 2016. Another goalkeeper, Tony Coton, is the only player to have received the title for a third time. Coton is one of four players to have won the award in consecutive seasons, the others being Wilf Rostron in 1982–83 and 1983–84, Tommy Smith in 2007–08 and 2008–09, and most recently, Troy Deeney in 2013–14 and 2014–15. Eight winners of the award have represented their country at full international level, of whom only John McClelland went on to become Watford's Player of the Season for a second time.

Towards the end of each season, fans vote directly for the Player of the Season. Historically this has been conducted by post, but in recent years it has taken place on the *Watford Observer's* website. This system was earmarked for change to a match-by-match rating system in 2009, but in March 2010, the *Observer* decided to revert to the traditional method of voting.

## Winners

† Inducted into the Watford Hall of Fame  *Statistics correct at end of 201819 season.* Tommy Mooney, winner in 1995–96 and 2000–01.Ben Foster, winner in 2006–07.

Watford F.C. Player of the Season winners
| Season | Level | Name | Position | Apps | Goals | National team | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1972–73 | 3 | Andy Rankin | Goalkeeper | 329 | 0 | England under-23 |  |
| 1973–74 | 3 | Billy Jennings | Forward | 100 | 37 | England youth |  |
| 1974–75 | 3 | Andy Rankin | Goalkeeper | 329 | 0 | England under-23 |  |
| 1975–76 | 4 | Ross Jenkins | Forward | 398 | 142 | *None* |
 |
| 1976–77 | 4 | Keith Mercer | Forward | 154 | 53 | *None* |  |
| 1977–78 | 4 | Alan Garner | Defender | 232 | 16 | *None* |  |
| 1978–79 | 3 | Ross Jenkins | Forward | 398 | 142 | *None* |
 |
| 1979–80 | 2 | Ian Bolton | Defender | 287 | 36 | *None* |
 |
| 1980–81 | 2 | Steve Sims | Defender | 219 | 8 | England B |  |
| 1981–82 | 2 | Les Taylor | Midfielder | 211 | 20 | *None* |
 |
| 1982–83 | 1 | Wilf Rostron | Defender | 404 | 30 | England schoolboys |  |
| 1983–84 | 1 | Wilf Rostron | Defender | 404 | 30 | England schoolboys |  |
| 1984–85 | 1 | John McClelland | Defender | 234 | 3 | Northern Ireland |
 |
| 1985–86 | 1 | Tony Coton | Goalkeeper | 291 | 0 | England B |
 |
| 1986–87 | 1 | Tony Coton | Goalkeeper | 291 | 0 | England B |
 |
| 1987–88 | 1 | John McClelland | Defender | 234 | 3 | Northern Ireland |
 |
| 1988–89 | 2 | Glyn Hodges | Midfielder | 102 | 19 | Wales |  |
| 1989–90 | 2 | Tony Coton | Goalkeeper | 291 | 0 | England B |
 |
| 1990–91 | 2 | David James | Goalkeeper | 98 | 0 | England |
 |
| 1991–92 | 2 | Nigel Gibbs | Defender | 491 | 7 | England under-21 |
 |
| 1992–93 | 2 | Paul Furlong | Forward | 91 | 41 | England C |  |
| 1993–94 | 2 | Gary Porter | Midfielder | 472 | 57 | England under-21 |
 |
| 1994–95 | 2 | Kevin Miller | Goalkeeper | 151 | 0 | *None* |  |
| 1995–96 | 2 | Tommy Mooney | Forward | 287 | 64 | *None* |
 |
| 1996–97 | 3 | Kevin Miller | Goalkeeper | 151 | 0 | *None* |  |
| 1997–98 | 3 | Alec Chamberlain | Goalkeeper | 288 | 0 | *None* |  |
| 1998–99 | 2 | Steve Palmer | Defender | 272 | 9 | *None* |  |
| 1999–2000 | 1 | Rob Page | Defender | 252 | 3 | Wales |
 |
| 2000–01 | 2 | Tommy Mooney | Forward | 287 | 64 | *None* |
 |
| 2001–02 | 2 | Alec Chamberlain | Goalkeeper | 288 | 0 | *None* |  |
| 2002–03 | 2 | Marcus Gayle | Defender | 115 | 9 | Jamaica |  |
| 2003–04 | 2 | Gavin Mahon | Midfielder | 215 | 7 | *None* |  |
| 2004–05 | 2 | Heiðar Helguson | Forward | 228 | 75 | Iceland |
 |
| 2005–06 | 2 | Marlon King | Forward | 87 | 37 | Jamaica |  |
| 2006–07 | 1 | Ben Foster | Goalkeeper | 119 | 0 | England |  |
| 2007–08 | 2 | Tommy Smith | Midfielder | 306 | 64 | England under-21 |  |
| 2008–09 | 2 | Tommy Smith | Midfielder | 306 | 64 | England under-21 |  |
| 2009–10 | 2 | Tom Cleverley | Midfielder | 94 | 13 | England under-21 |  |
| 2010–11 | 2 | Danny Graham | Forward | 98 | 41 | England under-20 |  |
| 2011–12 | 2 | Adrian Mariappa | Defender | 317 | 5 | Jamaica |  |
| 2012–13 | 2 | Almen Abdi | Midfielder | 92 | 23 | Switzerland |  |
| 2013–14 | 2 | Troy Deeney | Forward | 371 | 123 | *None* |  |
| 2014–15 | 2 | Troy Deeney | Forward | 371 | 123 | *None* |  |
| 2015–16 | 1 | Heurelho Gomes | Goalkeeper | 156 | 0 | Brazil |  |
| 2016–17 | 1 | Sebastian Prödl | Defender | 82 | 3 | Austria |  |
| 2017–18 | 1 | Abdoulaye Doucouré | Midfielder | 102 | 13 | France under-21 |  |
| 2018–19 | 1 | Etienne Capoue | Midfielder | 140 | 14 | France |  |

## Statistics

Wins by playing position
| Position | Number of winners |
| --- | --- |
| Goalkeeper | 12 |
| Defender | 13 |
| Midfielder | 10 |
| Forward | 12 |

Wins by international representation
| Country | Number of winners |
| --- | --- |
| England | 18 |
| Jamaica | 3 |
| France | 2 |
| Northern Ireland | 2 |
| Wales | 2 |
| Austria | 1 |
| Brazil | 1 |
| Iceland | 1 |
| Switzerland | 1 |

## Footnotes

General * *Players of the Season sourced to:* "Former Watford Players of the Season". Watford Football Club. Archived from the original on 18 July 2011. Retrieved 1 April 2012.
* *Pre-1998 player information sourced to:* Jones, Trefor (1996). *The Watford Football Club Illustrated Who's Who*. ISBN 0-9527458-0-1.
* *Post-1998 player information sourced to:* "Watford: Squad stats". *Soccerbase*. Centurycomm. Retrieved 1 April 2012.
* *Further information sourced in an individual player's notes section as necessary.*

Further reading * Phillips, Oliver (2001). *The Golden Boys: A Study of Watford's Cult Heroes*. Alpine Press Ltd. p. 230. ISBN 0-9528631-6-2.
* Phillips, Oliver (1991). *The Official Centenary History of Watford FC 1881–1991*. Watford Football Club. pp. 181–182, 271–272. ISBN 0-9509601-6-0.

Specific  1. "Mariappa wins Player of the Season award". *Watford Observer*. 28 April 2012. Retrieved 29 April 2012.
2. Phillips, Oliver (1991). *The Official Centenary History of Watford FC 1881–1991*. Watford football club. pp. 271–272. ISBN 0-9509601-6-0.
3. "Hornets star first player to retain trophy for 22 years". *Watford Observer*. Newsquest. 3 May 2009. Archived from the original on 24 February 2012. Retrieved 6 October 2009.
4. "Graham Taylor Player of the Season". *Watford F.C*. 25 April 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2019.
5. "Former Watford Players of the Season". Watford F.C. Archived from the original on 18 July 2011. Retrieved 1 April 2012.
6. "Still time to vote for your Player of the Season". *Watford Observer*. Newsquest. 9 April 2009. Retrieved 5 October 2009.
7. "Supporters to pick their own Watford FC's player of the season". *Watford Observer*. Newsquest. 10 August 2009. Retrieved 5 October 2009.
8. "One week left to vote for Watford's Player of the Season". *Watford Observer*. Newsquest. 23 March 2010. Retrieved 23 August 2010.
9. "Watford reject bids for Danny Graham and Will Buckley". BBC Sport. 20 May 2011. Retrieved 20 May 2011.
10. "On This Day: 20 February". West Ham United F.C. Archived from the original on 23 February 2009. Retrieved 5 October 2009.
11. "Player of the Season". Watford F.C. 10 July 2009. Archived from the original on 7 May 2009. Retrieved 5 October 2009.
12. "Hall of Fame". Watford F.C. 10 June 2009. Archived from the original on 1 September 2009. Retrieved 6 October 2009.
13. "Foster Voted Player of the Season". Watford F.C. 8 May 2007. Archived from the original on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 6 October 2009.
14. Roberto Mamrud. "Appearances for Northern Ireland National team". *RSSSF*. Retrieved 5 October 2009.
15. "H's Treble at Prestige Night". Watford F.C. 6 May 2005. Archived from the original on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 6 October 2009.
16. Barrie Courtney. "England – International Results B-Team – Details". *RSSSF*. Retrieved 5 October 2009.
17. "The Main Mahon". Watford F.C. 17 November 2004. Archived from the original on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 6 October 2009.
18. "Glyn Hodges Reserve Team Manager". Manchester City F.C. Retrieved 5 October 2009.
19. "David James". The Football Association. Retrieved 5 May 2011.
20. "Roll of Honour". Watford F.C. 6 May 2008. Archived from the original on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 6 October 2009.
21. "David James: All time playing career". *Soccerbase*. Centurycomm. Archived from the original on 5 February 2010. Retrieved 12 October 2009.
22. "Nigel Gibbs: All time playing career". *Soccerbase*. Centurycomm. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 6 October 2009.
23. "Furlong Adds Experience". Barnet F.C. Archived from the original on 6 May 2010. Retrieved 6 October 2009.
24. "Paul Furlong:All time playing career". *Soccerbase*. Centurycomm. Archived from the original on 22 April 2009. Retrieved 12 October 2009.
25. "England – U-21 International Results 1986-1995 – Details". *RSSSF*. Retrieved 8 October 2009.
26. "Marlon Wins Player of the Year". Watford F.C. 2 May 2006. Archived from the original on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 5 October 2009.
27. Tongue, Steve (31 October 2000). "Palmer the all-rounder ready for United test". *The Independent*. London. Retrieved 5 October 2009.
28. Luis Fernando Passo Alpuin. "Appearances for Wales National Team". *RSSSF*. Retrieved 5 October 2009.
29. "Robert Page: All time playing career". *Soccerbase*. Centurycomm. Archived from the original on 3 December 2010. Retrieved 12 October 2009.
30. "Player Profile:Marcus Gayle". AFC Wimbledon. Archived from the original on 11 February 2009. Retrieved 5 October 2009.
31. "Gavin Mahon: All time playing career". *Soccerbase*. Centurycomm. Archived from the original on 24 September 2009. Retrieved 12 October 2009.
32. "Félagsmaður" (in Icelandic). Football Association of Iceland (KSÍ). Retrieved 5 May 2011.
33. "Heidar Helguson: All time playing career". *Soccerbase*. Centurycomm. Archived from the original on 4 December 2010. Retrieved 1 July 2010.
34. "National Team- Profile". Jamaica Football Federation. Archived from the original on 27 April 2010. Retrieved 5 October 2009.
35. "Marlon King: All time playing career". *Soccerbase*. Centurycomm. Archived from the original on 2 October 2008. Retrieved 12 October 2009.
36. "Ben Foster:All time playing career". *Soccerbase*. Centurycomm. Archived from the original on 16 October 2009. Retrieved 12 October 2009.
37. "Ben Foster". The Football Association. Retrieved 9 May 2011.
38. "Tommy Smith: All time playing career". *Soccerbase*. Centurycomm. Archived from the original on 12 October 2009. Retrieved 12 October 2009.
39. Richard Williams (1 September 2000). "Joe Cole fires young England". *The Guardian*. London. Retrieved 28 October 2009.
40. "Player of the Season". Watford F.C. 3 May 2009. Archived from the original on 5 October 2011. Retrieved 6 October 2009.
41. "Tom Cleverley". The Football Association. Retrieved 4 May 2010.
42. "Player of the season". Watford F.C. 18 April 2010. Archived from the original on 25 April 2010. Retrieved 4 May 2010.
43. "Danny Graham: All time playing career". *Soccerbase*. Centurycomm. Retrieved 9 May 2011.
44. Matthews, Anthony (30 April 2011). "Danny Graham is Player of the Season". *Watford Observer*. Newsquest. Retrieved 9 May 2011.
45. "Adrian Mariappa". *Soccerbase*. Centurycomm. Retrieved 29 April 2012.
46. "Hornets duo help Jamaica to victory". *Watford Observer*. 21 May 2012. Retrieved 21 May 2012.
47. "AWARDS: Player of the Season". Watford F.C. 5 May 2013. Archived from the original on 3 June 2016. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
48. "DEENEY: "A Real Honour"". Watford F.C. 8 May 2014. Archived from the original on 3 June 2016. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
49. "END OF SEASON AWARDS: Deeney's Player of the Season Double". Watford F.C. 3 May 2015. Archived from the original on 3 June 2016. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
50. "END OF SEASON AWARDS: Gomes Named 2015/16 Player Of The Season". Watford F.C. 18 May 2016. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
51. "End of Season Awards". Watford F.C. 22 May 2017. Retrieved 22 May 2017.
52. "End of Season Awards: Winners". Watford F.C. 12 May 2018. Retrieved 15 December 2019.
53. "End of Season Awards: Capoue Wins Player of the Season". Watford F.C. 9 May 2019. Retrieved 15 December 2019.


title: WABK-FM

abstract: WABK-FM is a commercial FM radio station licensed to Gardiner, Maine, and serving Augusta and Central Maine. It airs a classic hits radio format. WABK-FM is part of a three-way simulcast with WBAK in Belfast and WBKA in Bar Harbor. They are owned by Blueberry Broadcasting with studios and offices on Target Industrial Circle in Bangor. WABK-FM has an effective radiated power of 50,000 watts. Its transmitter is off Winthrop Street in Hallowell.

text:
# WABK-FM

**WABK-FM** (104.3 MHz) is a commercial FM radio station licensed to Gardiner, Maine, and serving Augusta and Central Maine. It airs a classic hits radio format. WABK-FM is part of a three-way simulcast with WBAK (104.7 FM) in Belfast and WBKA (107.7 FM) in Bar Harbor. They are owned by Blueberry Broadcasting with studios and offices on Target Industrial Circle in Bangor.

WABK-FM has an effective radiated power of 50,000 watts. Its transmitter is off Winthrop Street in Hallowell.

## History

WABK first signed on as an AM station, in the fall of 1968. It aired an adult leaning Top 40 format on 1280 kHz (today WHTP). WABK-FM signed on during the summer of 1974 with the call letters WKME and featured Drake-Chenault's automated "Hit Parade" format. In February 1978, the original studios in Farmingdale were destroyed by fire.

As the stations rebuilt, WKME's call sign was changed to WABK-FM. Both the AM and FM stations began simulcasting an up-tempo full service adult contemporary format with an emphasis on local personalities, news and community involvement. The simulcast ended in 1983 when WABK (AM) changed its format to country music. It later tried oldies, then adult standards and finally in the late 1990s switched to sports radio with the call letters WFAU. In 1994, WABK-FM became "Oldies 104" but gradually shed the oldies image, playing more 1970s and 1980s music and billing itself as "Super Hits 104 WABK".

In January 2013, WABK-FM rebranded as "Big 104 FM", airing a classic hits format. It also began simulcasting on WBAK (104.7 FM) in Belfast and WBKA (107.7 FM) in Bar Harbor. From August 30, 2013, to July 26, 2016, the call sign on 104.3 in Gardiner was modified to WABK, without the "-FM" suffix.

In 2014, the former WABI/WAEI at 910 AM in Bangor was added to the simulcast. In 2016, the AM's station's call letters were switched to WABK, and 104.3 WABK once again added the "-FM" suffix to its call sign. In January 2019, 910 AM dropped WABK-FM's programming and became WTOS, a simulcast of WTOS-FM.

## InfoBox

WABK-FM
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Broadcast area | Augusta; Central Maine |
| Frequency | 104.3 MHz |
| Branding | Big 104 FM |
| Programming | |
| Format | Classic hits |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | * Blueberry Broadcasting * (Blueberry Broadcasting, LLC) |
| Sister stations | WQSK, WTOS-FM, WVQM |
| History | |
| First air date | April 1, 1974 (1974-04-01) |
| Former call signs | * WKME (1974–1978) * WABK-FM (1978–2013) * WABK (2013–2016) |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 68297 |
| Class | B |
| ERP | 50,000 watts |
| HAAT | 113 meters (371 ft) |
| Transmitter coordinates | 44°18′36″N 69°49′48″W / 44.310°N 69.830°W / 44.310; -69.830 |
| Repeater(s) | * 104.7 WBAK (Belfast) * 107.7 WBKA (Bar Harbor) |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Webcast | Listen live |
| Website | www.big104fm.com |


title: Passeio Público (Rio de Janeiro)

abstract: The Passeio Público is a public park in the historic centre of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Built after 1779, it is the oldest public park of Brazil and one of the oldest in the Americas.

text:
# Passeio Público (Rio de Janeiro)

The **Passeio Público** is a public park in the historic centre of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Built after 1779, it is the oldest public park of Brazil and one of the oldest in the Americas.

## History

In 1763, the seat of government of colonial Brazil was transferred from Salvador de Bahia to the city of Rio de Janeiro. Among other improvements in the new colonial capital, Viceroy Luís de Vasconcelos had the idea of creating a public park in the capital of the colony, inspired by the *Passeio Público* (Public Park) created in the 1760s in Lisbon, as well as the Baroque-Rococo garden of the Royal Palace of Queluz. Thus, in 1779 the Viceroy commissioned the building of the park to Valentim da Fonseca e Silva (Master Valentim), the main sculptor and urban planner of Rio at the time and an active collaborator of the Viceroy. The works would be completed in 1783.

The park was built on land reclaimed from a lagoon located beside the Guanabara Bay. This lagoon — known as *Lagoa do Boqueirão* — was polluted and bred diseases, and its elimination was considered a major improvement in the urban conditions of Rio.

### Original design

Master Valentim planned a park in the French formal garden style, in the shape of an irregular hexagon, using straight pathways arranged in a geometrical and symmetrical form. By the sea, the park had a terrace from which wonderful views of Guanabara Bay could be enjoyed. This terrace also had two pavilions decorated with paintings. Master Valentim decorated the park with various species of trees, as well as fountains and statues.

The park was originally encircled by a stone wall and was mostly used by Rio's high colonial society, but after 1793 it was opened to the general public.

### Decoration

The beautiful iron gate at the entrance of the park, in Rococo style, is still in its original place and carries the effigies of Queen Mary I of Portugal and the King consort, Pedro III, with the Latin inscription *Maria Iª et Petrus III Brasiliae Regibus 1783*.

Inside the park, Master Valentim built two fountains positioned back to back and collectively known as the *Fonte dos Amores* (Love Fountain). One face of the fountain (the *Fonte dos Jacarés*, Caiman Fountain) had a basin decorated with plants and bronze statues of caimans, a bronze coconut tree, and egrets from whose beaks the water flowed. Unfortunately the tree and the birds have been lost, but the two intertwined caimans are still in place. At the back of this fountain, facing the sea, is located the *Fonte do Menino* (Boy's Fountain), which had the coat of arms of the Viceroy Vasconcelos, vases and a bronze statue of a boy holding a turtle. Water flowed from the mouth of the turtle to a basin. This statue was stolen and later replaced by one with a different design.

The bronze statues of Master Valentim were the first to be cast in Rio, and are a precocious representation of autochthonous fauna (caimans, egrets), which would become widespread in the Romantic Brazilian art of the 19th century.

In 1806, Master Valentim added the final touch to the park — two granite pyramids with medallions made of Portuguese Lioz stone, one with the inscription *Saudade do Rio* (Nostalgia for Rio) and the other *Ao Amor do Público* (To the Love of the People).

Between 1785 and 1790, the pavilions of the Passeio Público were decorated with oval paintings by one of Master Valentim's collaborators, the painter Leandro Joaquim. The oval paintings were among the first landscape paintings produced in Brazil and show various views of Guanabara Bay. Six of these paintings have survived and are now in the Museu Nacional de Belas Artes and the Museu Histórico Nacional.

### The Glaziou Reform

In 1864, French landscape designer Auguste François Marie Glaziou was commissioned to modernise the old park. Glaziou greatly altered the original design by Valentim, following the English Garden style, which attempts to recreate a 'natural' landscape. The geometrical arrangement of the Passeio Público gave way to a labyrinth of winding pathways, with a lake, bridge and different plant species. He kept, however, the sculptural work by Valentim — the fountains, gate and pyramids.

### Decline and renewal

During the 20th century, various commemorative busts dedicated to Brazilian personalities were placed in the Passeio Público, including one bust of Master Valentim, inaugurated in 1912.

A series of land reclaimings nearby led the park to get far from the sea and lose its view of Guanabara Bay — greatly altering the original intention of the park. The terrace was modified in the 1920s when the *Cassino* building (actually a theatre) was built in its place. The Cassino was later demolished.

During a great part of the 20th century, the Passeio Público — and the whole historical centre of Rio — fell into decay. This situation was reversed when the park finally went through a careful and extensive renovation, carried out between 2001 and 2004 by the city's municipal government.

## InfoBox

| Passeio Público | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Type | Public park |
| Location | Rio de Janeiro, Brazil |
| Coordinates | 22°54′49.67″S 43°10′33.55″W / 22.9137972°S 43.1759861°W / -22.9137972; -43.1759861 |
| Created | 1779 (1779) |
|  | |
| National Historic Heritage of Brazil | |
| Designated | 99/6 |
| Reference no. | 1938 |
|  | |
|  | |