title: Natalise

abstract: Natalise is an American singer-songwriter. Natalise has been featured on television networks such as the WB, UPN, CBS, ABC, and MTV. She is also known for her appearances in The New York Times, Blender, and Maxim. Natalise's first single "Love Goes On" from the album Forever Now was made popular when it aired on San Francisco's KYLD, Wild 94.9. Her subsequent singles "Wonderful" and "Enough" also received airplay on San Francisco's pop/adult AC station Alice 97.3. Natalise's second album I Came to Play received awards for Best Dance CD, Best Produced, Best Video by a Female, and Best Dance Song by Muse's Muse. Natalise was also voted "Girlfriend of the Day" in August 2008 by Maxim and "Video of the Week" by Blender.com. Many of Natalise's songs, including "The Hotness" and "I Came to Play" were heard on various MTV programs, such as "Yo Momma," "My Super Sweet Sixteen," and "Next." She was also heard on "Degrassi: The Next Generation" and "One Tree Hill." Natalise has performed at various Los Angeles iconic venues, such as the House of Blues, the Roxy, and the Viper Room. She has also sung the National Anthem for the Golden State Warriors on many occasions.

text:
# Natalise

**Natalise** (born Robin Nathalis Chow, on September 27, 1985) is an American singer-songwriter. Natalise has been featured on television networks such as the WB, UPN, CBS, ABC, and MTV. She is also known for her appearances in *The New York Times*, *Blender,* and *Maxim*.

Natalise's first single "Love Goes On" from the album *Forever Now* was made popular when it aired on San Francisco's KYLD, Wild 94.9. Her subsequent singles "Wonderful" and "Enough" also received airplay on San Francisco's pop/adult AC station Alice 97.3. Natalise's second album *I Came to Play* received awards for Best Dance CD, Best Produced, Best Video by a Female, and Best Dance Song by Muse's Muse. Natalise was also voted "Girlfriend of the Day" in August 2008 by Maxim and "Video of the Week" by Blender.com. Many of Natalise's songs, including "The Hotness" and "I Came to Play" were heard on various MTV programs, such as "Yo Momma," "My Super Sweet Sixteen," and "Next." She was also heard on "Degrassi: The Next Generation" and "One Tree Hill."

Natalise has performed at various Los Angeles iconic venues, such as the House of Blues, the Roxy, and the Viper Room. She has also sung the National Anthem for the Golden State Warriors on many occasions.

## Career

Natalise started taking piano lessons when she was 3, dance at 7, and went on to study at the San Francisco Conservatory of Music, focusing on Opera and Musical Theatre from the age of eight to 14. During her early teens, she also sang in her church choir, as well as traveled and competed as a jazz singer with her high school band.

Natalise attended Stanford University, graduating with high-honors in three years with a degree in Communication with a focus in Journalism. She also received her MBA from Stanford Graduate School of Business.

Natalise resides in Los Angeles.

## Discography

### Albums

* *Forever Now* (2003)
* *I Came to Play* (2005)

### Singles

* "Love Goes On" (2003)
* "Wonderful" (2003)
* "Enough" (2006)
* "Open Me" (2011)

## InfoBox

| Natalise | |
| --- | --- |
| Natalise in San Francisco, 2004 | |
| Background information | |
| Genres | Pop, Acoustic, Electronic, Dance |
| Occupations | singer-songwriter |
| Instruments | Singing, piano, guitar |
| Years active | 2002–present |
| Labels | Stars823 Records |
|  | |
| Website | http://www.natalisemusic.com |


title: The Conquest of China

abstract: The Conquest of China by the Tartars is a 1675 tragedy by the English writer Elkanah Settle. It was originally performed by the Duke's Company at the Dorset Garden Theatre in London. The initial cast included Thomas Gillow as Theinmingus, Henry Harris as Zungteus, Henry Norris as Palexus, Matthew Medbourne as King of China, William Smith as Quitazo, Samuel Sandford as Lycugus, Mary Betterton as Orunda, Elizabeth Currer as Alcinda and Mary Lee as Amavanga.

text:
# The Conquest of China

***The Conquest of China by the Tartars*** is a 1675 tragedy by the English writer Elkanah Settle. It was originally performed by the Duke's Company at the Dorset Garden Theatre in London.

The initial cast included Thomas Gillow as Theinmingus, Henry Harris as Zungteus, Henry Norris as Palexus, Matthew Medbourne as King of China, William Smith as Quitazo, Samuel Sandford as Lycugus, Mary Betterton as Orunda, Elizabeth Currer as Alcinda and Mary Lee as Amavanga.

## Bibliography

* Chang, Dongshin. *Representing China on the Historical London Stage: From Orientalism to Intercultural Performance*. Routledge, 2015.
* Van Lennep, W. *The London Stage, 1660-1800: Volume One, 1660-1700*. Southern Illinois University Press, 1960.

## InfoBox

| The Conquest of China | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Written by | Elkanah Settle |
| Date premiered | 28 May 1675 |
| Place premiered | Dorset Garden Theatre, London |
| Original language | English |
| Genre | Tragedy |


title: W.L.A.K.

abstract: W.L.A.K. also known as We Live As Kings or WLAK is a Christian hip hop and Contemporary R&B music group from the United States that started in 2011. It released its eponymously titled debut album in 2013.

text:
# W.L.A.K.

**W.L.A.K.** also known as **We Live As Kings** or **WLAK** is a Christian hip hop and Contemporary R&B music group from the United States that started in 2011. It released its eponymously titled debut album in 2013.

## Background

W.L.A.K. or We Live As Kings is music group that currently consists of Alex Faith, Corey Paul, Dre Murray, and Ki'shon Furlow. They formed 2011, when they started Collision Records together as a collective. The group was founded by Christon Gray, Alex Faith, Dre Murray, and Swoope, but Gray left in 2015 and was replaced by Corey Paul. Swoope was later replaced by Ki'shon Furlow.

## Music history

The group release their debut album on March 5, 2013, through Collision Records, which it was the eponymously-titled *W.L.A.K.*. The album charted on numerous *Billboard* charts on March 23, 2013. It was the No. 81 most sold album in the entirety of the United States via the *Billboard* 200, which it was the No. 6 most sold on the Christian Albums chart, and the No. 1 most sold on the Gospel Albums. In addition, it was the No. 7 most sold on the Rap Albums chart, and it was the No. 15 most sold of the Independent Albums.

## Discography

Studio albums

List of studio albums, with selected chart positions
| Title | Album details | Peak chart positions | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | |
| US
200 | US
CHR | US
GOS | US
IND | US
RAP |
| *W.L.A.K.* |  | 81 | 6 | 1 | 15 | 7 |
|

## InfoBox

| W.L.A.K. | |
| --- | --- |
| Also known as | We Live As Kings or WLAK |
| Origin | United States |
| Genres | Christian hip hop, Contemporary R&B |
| Years active | 2011 (2011)–present |
| Labels | Collision |
|  | |
| Members | Alex Faith
Corey Paul
Dre Murray
Ki'shon Furlow |
|  | |
| Past members | Christon Gray
Swoope |
|  | |
| Website | we-kings.com |


title: Watashi ga Iu Mae ni Dakishimenakya ne

abstract: "Watashi ga Iu Mae ni Dakishimenakya ne" (私が言う前に抱きしめなきゃね) is the debut indie single by Japanese girl idol group Juice=Juice, released in Japan on April 3, 2013. The physical CD single ranked 25th place in the Japanese Oricon weekly singles chart.

text:
# Watashi ga Iu Mae ni Dakishimenakya ne

"**Watashi ga Iu Mae ni Dakishimenakya ne**" (私が言う前に抱きしめなきゃね) is the debut indie single by Japanese girl idol group Juice=Juice, released in Japan on April 3, 2013.

The physical CD single ranked 25th place in the Japanese Oricon weekly singles chart.

## Track listing

All lyrics are written by Tsunku; all music is composed by Tsunku and arranged by Shoichiro Hirata

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Watashi ga Iu Mae ni Dakishimenakya ne" (私が言う前に抱きしめなきゃね) | 3:58 |
| 2. | "Watashi ga Iu Mae ni Dakishimenakya ne (Instrumental)" | 3:57 |
| Total length: | | 7:15 |

## Charts

| Chart (2013) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Japan (Oricon Daily Singles Chart) | 17 |
| Japan (Oricon Weekly Singles Chart) | 25 |

## InfoBox

| "Watashi ga Iu Mae ni Dakishimenakya ne" | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by Juice=Juice | |
| Released | April 3, 2013 |
| Genre |  |
| Label | Up-Front Works |
| Songwriter(s) | Tsunku |
| Producer(s) | Tsunku |
| Juice=Juice singles chronology | |
| "**Watashi ga Iu Mae ni Dakishimenakya ne**"
(2013) "Samidare Bijo ga Samidareru"
(2013) | |
|  | |
| Music video | |
| "Watashi ga Iu Mae ni Dakishimenakya ne" on YouTube | |
|  | |


title: Watagans National Park

abstract: Watagans is a national park located in New South Wales, Australia, 99 kilometres (62 mi) north of Sydney. This park has some fine rainforest scenery.

text:
# Watagans National Park

**Watagans** is a national park located in New South Wales, Australia, 99 kilometres (62 mi) north of Sydney.

This park has some fine rainforest scenery.

## InfoBox

| Watagans National Park
New South Wales | |
| --- | --- |
| IUCN category II (national park) | |
| *Land Mullet* at Watagans National Park | |
| Watagans National Park | |
| Coordinates | 33°00′18″S 151°23′35″E / 33.00500°S 151.39306°E / -33.00500; 151.39306 |
| Established | 1999 |
| Area | 77.51 km2 (29.9 sq mi) |
| Managing authorities | National Parks and Wildlife Service (New South Wales) |
| Website | Watagans National Park |
| See also | Protected areas of
New South Wales |


title: Wandsworth Common

abstract: Wandsworth Common is a public common in Wandsworth, in the London Borough of Wandsworth, south London. It is 69.43 hectares and is maintained and regulated by Wandsworth Council. It is also a Ward of the London Borough of Wandsworth. The population of the ward at the 2011 Census was 15,247.

text:
# Wandsworth Common

**Wandsworth Common** is a public common in Wandsworth, in the London Borough of Wandsworth, south London. It is 69.43 hectares (171.6 acres) and is maintained and regulated by Wandsworth Council. It is also a Ward of the London Borough of Wandsworth. The population of the ward at the 2011 Census was 15,247.

## Amenities

There are a number of ponds and a lake, which can be used for fishing (with a permit). The lake is partially fenced off for the benefit of bird life, while other areas feature wooden pedestrian board walks, or open water's edge access. A small brick bridge crosses over the lake's waters at one point, connecting two pedestrian pathways. A railway line running between Clapham Junction and Wandsworth Common railway stations broadly divides the common into two strips, west and east. A footbridge crosses the railway approximately halfway along the length of the open part of the common. To the east of the railway line there is a large area which is mainly used for competitive sports (mostly football, touch rugby and rounders).

Facilities include an educational centre in an area dedicated to wildlife known locally as 'The Scope' (named after the Craig telescope, which was once the largest refracting telescope in the world). There are also tennis courts, a bowling green and a cafe bar in the grounds, named 'The Skylark'. A fitness trail has been developed and the Common is popular with local runners, dog walkers and cyclists. Wandsworth Common is also home to The Lady Allen Adventure Playground for children with disabilities and their siblings.

Houses on the Wandsworth (SW18) side are in what is known as the 'Toast Rack' and are large Victorian semis and detached homes, some with blue plaques commemorating notable residents who previously lived there, including the British prime minister David Lloyd George.

## Wandsworth Common Tennis & Bowls Centre

Wandsworth Common Tennis & Bowls Centre allows Tennis & Bowls on a 'Pay and Play' basis including Tennis Coaching opportunities for all. The tennis centre is run by All Star Coaching Ltd for Wandsworth Council. It is situated behind the Common Ground cafe bar and is LTA affiliated, allowing those who sign up to gain free British Tennis Membership. Membership also allows use of Battersea Park, King George's Park, Tooting Common and Barn Elms Sports Centre.

51°27′00″N 0°10′10″W / 51.450°N 0.1695°W / 51.450; -0.1695


title: Wandsworth Demons

abstract: The Wandsworth Demons are an Australian Rules Football club who play in the AFL London competition. They are a founding member of the league and have been based at Clapham Common in south London since 1990. They are one of two clubs that field sides in each of the 5 divisions; Men's Premiership, Conference and Social, and Women's Premiership and Conference. Wandsworth are one of the most successful sides in the Premiership with nine flags whilst the reserves grade side, the Clapham Demons, started playing in the Premiership in 1999 and were a founding member of the Conference in 2001. The South London Demons began in the Social Division in 2007, winning the inaugural flag. In 2014 the Demons were the first club to announce a ladies team for 2015 and in 2017 were among first clubs to introduce a second women's team for the newly created Women's Conference division.

text:
# Wandsworth Demons

The **Wandsworth Demons** are an Australian Rules Football club who play in the AFL London competition (formerly the British Australian Rules Football League). They are a founding member of the league and have been based at Clapham Common in south London since 1990.

They are one of two clubs that field sides in each of the 5 divisions; Men's Premiership, Conference and Social, and Women's Premiership and Conference. Wandsworth are one of the most successful sides in the Premiership with nine flags whilst the reserves grade side, the Clapham Demons, started playing in the Premiership in 1999 and were a founding member of the Conference in 2001. The South London Demons began in the Social Division in 2007, winning the inaugural flag. In 2014 the Demons were the first club to announce a ladies team for 2015 and in 2017 were among first clubs to introduce a second women's team for the newly created Women's Conference division.

## History

**Club Foundation**

```
Living in Clapham in 1990, Sean Angle and Craig Stephens, sourced a list of names in the area and held the first training session on 14 February, and the club was born. The club went on to win the inaugural season despite being regarded as underdogs in the Grand Final, beating Earl's Court by two points.
```

As the league was formed on the basis of promoting Australian Rules Football overseas, not just as a recreational outlet for itinerant travellers, the rules stipulated that 50% of the team had to be British. The club now fields the highest number of players picked from the London league to represent their country in the Great Britain Bulldogs.

With the number of Australians looking to play in London increasing, in 1998 Martin Tunley and Sam Percy devised the idea of starting a second team, the Clapham Demons. The West London Wildcats followed suit in 2000, and the year after that the rules for the London Conference division were forged. North London, Wimbledon and the Gryphons subsequently entered second sides as well. In 2001 the Demons and Wildcats fielded three teams for the season.

**Club Evolution**

In 2003 the club grew into a multi-sports outfit. The Demonettes began playing netball, and a basketball team started as well. The netball club has grown into a fully sufficient outfit with its own committee.

In 2007, Sam Percy as AFL London President encouraged clubs to each try to field a third side, and the London Social grade began, with the South London Demons winning the first flag. This grade started with thirds sides from the big clubs in London, the seconds of Wimbledon, and teams from further afield such as Bristol, Reading, and Nottingham. It has since been joined by South East London Giants.

In 2014 the Demons announced a women's team, with Wimbledon Hawks, South East London Giants and North London Lions following suit. In 2015 the women's team won the inaugural women's league after finishing the season top of the ladder.

In 2015 The Wandsworth Demons added a fourth team to their playing line-up, joining the inaugural AFL London women's league. The Wandsworth Demons women were minor premiers and premiers in their first season. And in 2017 The Wandsworth Demons were the first club in London to add a second women's team and help form the Women's Conference division, making Wandsworth Demons the only five team club in AFL London. In 2017 both women's teams played in the grand final with the Premiership women winning the 2017 season.

**Recent History / Success**

In 2023, the Demons won all three men's competitions for the first time, receiving flags in the Premiership, Conference and Social competitions.

The senior men's team has never missed finals. The senior men have played in 24 Grand Finals, winning ten of them. They won the premierships in 1990, 1992, 1995, 1997, 1999, 2003, 2010, 2017, 2018 and 2023.

The women's premiership side have won the Women's League three times, in 2015, 2017 and 2018.

**Club Jumper and Song**

For the majority of the 1990s Wandsworth wore the jumpers of the Melbourne Demons club from the AFL and these were replaced with the club's own design in the early 2000s, a jumper based on a pre-season cup jumper of the WAFL side the Perth Demons.

Their club song is sung to the tune of Battle Hymn of the Republic.

## Honour Board

**Club Executive**

| Year | President | Vice President | Treasurer | Secretary |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1990 | C.Stephens | A.Palmer | R.Dilger | R.Officer |
| 1991 | A.Palmer | B.Neubauer | L.Pybus | J.Elliot |
| 1992 | X.Smith | B.Neubauer |  |  |
| 1993 | B.Neubauer | A.Lance/R.Dilger | S.Walch |  |
| 1994 | S.Morgan | C.Millar | S.Walch | F.Beattie/C.Shadbolt |
| 1995 | K.Schubert |  |  | C.Shadbolt |
| 1996 | K.Schubert | T.Cheshire | L.Kay |  |
| 1997 | T.Cheshire | C.Watson | L.Kay |  |
| 1998 | C.Watson | M.Maynard | M.Tunley | L.Kay |
| 1999 | A.Tunley | L.Kay |  | L.Kay |
| 2000 | M.Tunley | S.Percy | M.Adams | C.Black |
| 2001 | S.Percy | S.Hams | I.Mobbs | C.Black |
| 2002 | S.Hams | J.Cumming | I.Mobbs | C.Black |
| 2003 | J.Cumming | I.Mobbs | A.Tome | B.Edwards |
| 2004 | I.Mobbs | B.Edwards | B.Hugo | R.Burgess |
| 2005 | I.Mobbs | B.Edwards | B.Hugo | H.McGowan |
| 2006 | S.Percy | M.Taylor | B.Hugo | T.Taseff |
| 2007 | M.Taylor | J.Holloway | D.Lumley | B.Lee |
| 2008 | M.Wallace | B.Nash | S.Percy | G.Gilgallon |
| 2009 | M.Wallace | B.Nash | S.Percy | G.Gilgallon |
| 2010 | B.Nash | T.Donovan | S.Percy | M.McPartland |
| 2011 | M.McPartland | E.Ellis | S.Percy | T.Donovan |
| 2012 | M.McPartland | A.Crook | S.Percy | N.Collins |
| 2013 | M.McPartland | R.Colling | S.Percy | A.DeIacovo |
| 2014 | A.DeIacovo | B.Nash | M.McPartland | J.Pearson |
| 2015 | J.Perrett | M.Gates/K.O'Brien | S.Percy | D.Burnham |
| 2016 | J.Perrett | D.Burnham | S.Percy | M.Casalbuono |
| 2017 | J.Perrett | X.Holland/B.Valenzisi | S.Percy | M.Casalbuono |
| 2018 | X. Holland | B.Valenzisi/S.Martin | S.Percy | C. Jones |
| 2019 | X.Holland | C.Geoghegen/P.Lodge | B.Schreiner | L.Ewington |
| 2020 | X.Holland | P.Lodge/D.Jordan | B.Schreiner | L.Ewington |
| 2021 | X.Holland | D.Radis/P.Lodge | A.Lonsdale | L.Ewington |
| 2022 | D.Radis | J.Manley/L.Ewington | A.Lonsdale | V.Jaffer |
| 2023 | D.Radis | R.Leumann/C.Daniel | A.Lonsdale | A.Leonard |
| 2024 | D.Radis | N.de Gorter/C.Daniel | A.Lonsdale/J.Kirkbride | E.Palmer |

**Men's Premiership**

| Year | Position | Coach | Captain | Best and Fairest |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1990 | 1st | S.Angle |  |  |
| 1991 | 2nd | S.Morgan |  |  |
| 1992 | 1st | S.Morgan |  |  |
| 1993 | 3rd | K.Schubert |  |  |
| 1994 | 3rd | P.Currie |  |  |
| 1995 | 1st | P.Nolan |  |  |
| 1996 | 3rd | P.McCulloch |  |  |
| 1997 | 1st | M.Woods |  |  |
| 1998 | 2nd | M.Adams |  |  |
| 1999 | 1st | M.Tunley |  |  |
| 2000 | 2nd | J.Cumming |  |  |
| 2001 | 4th | R.Leary |  |  |
| 2002 | 3rd | D.Posterino |  |  |
| 2003 | 1st | B.Lewis |  |  |
| 2004 | 3rd | B.Lewis |  |  |
| 2005 | 3rd | B.Speers |  |  |
| 2006 | 3rd | J.Holloway |  |  |
| 2007 | 2nd | G.Hoskins |  |  |
| 2008 | 3rd | G.Hoskins |  |  |
| 2009 | 2nd | G.Gilgallon |  |  |
| 2010 | 1st | M.Thomas |  |  |
| 2011 | 2nd | R.Colling |  |  |
| 2012 | 2nd | J.Browne |  |  |
| 2013 | 4th | C.Wilson/J.Perrett |  |  |
| 2014 | 2nd | C.Wilson |  |  |
| 2015 |  | C.Wilson |  | T.Georgiou |
| 2016 |  |  |  |  |
| 2017 | 1st | A.Walsh/F.Caldow |  |  |
| 2018 | 1st | F.Caldow/G.Rouse/M. Skelly | J.Pollard |  |
| 2019 |  | F.Caldow/S.Milne |  | B.Irving |
| 2020 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| 2021 |  | M.Corso | A.Coe | A.Coe |
| 2022 |  | M.Corso | J.Noske | J.Rolfe |
| 2023 | 1st | C.Curtis | J.Noske/J.Rolfe | B.Irving |
| 2024 |  | C.Curtis | B.Irving |  |

**Men's Conference**

| Year | Position | Coach | Captain | Best and Fairest |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2001 | 3rd | J.Cumming |  | J.Toohey |
| 2002 | 3rd | J.Cumming |  |  |
| 2003 | 2nd | G.McQueen |  |  |
| 2004 | 3rd | J.Holloway |  |  |
| 2005 | 2nd | J.Holloway |  | D.Lumley |
| 2006 | 2nd | G.Hoskins |  | D.Lumley |
| 2007 | 2nd | D.Lumley/J.Coombe |  | R.Ravani |
| 2008 | 2nd | J.Coombe/M/Meehan |  | L.Fehring |
| 2009 | 1st | J.Coombe |  | T.Edmunds/J.Stormont |
| 2010 | 2nd | R.Colling |  | S.Bates |
| 2011 | 2nd | R.Curry |  | B.Clohesy |
| 2012 | 3rd | R.Colling |  | S.Freeling |
| 2013 | 3rd | M.Ashton |  | M.Ashton |
| 2014 | 2nd | J.Diano |  | A.Jeffery/M.Thompson |
| 2015 |  | H.Wilson |  |  |
| 2016 |  | A.Walsh/M.Pitman | M.Skelly |  |
| 2017 |  | A.White | M.Skelly |  |
| 2018 |  | A.White | H.Pearce | R.Chester |
| 2019 |  | A.White | H.Pearce | H.Ennis |
| 2020 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| 2021 |  | J.Medwin | D.Gray |  |
| 2022 | N/A | R.McBride | D.Gray | T.Eastick |
| 2023 | 1st | N.de Gorter | C.Armstrong | T.Maslen/I.Kirby |
| 2024 |  | C.Armstrong/J.Bach | I.Smith |  |

**Men's Social's**

| Year | Position | Coach | Captain | Best and Fairest |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2015 | 1st | C.Hoare | T.Webster | M.Brescacin |
| 2016 | 1st | T.Donovan | T.Webster | M.Brescacin |
| 2017 | 1st | T.Donovan | T.Unitt | M.Brescacin |
| 2018 | 1st | R.Wright | T.Unitt | M.Brescacin |
| 2019 | 1st | E.Kenny | T.Unitt | M.Brescacin |
| 2020 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| 2021 | 2nd | X.Holland/D.Radis | H.Drage | T.Unitt |
| 2022 | 2nd | X.Holland | H.Pearce | H.Pearce |
| 2023 | 1st | X.Holland | H.Pearce | C.Rae |
| 2024 |  | X.Holland | H.Pearce/D.Radis |  |

**Women's Premiership**

| Year | Position | Coach | Captain | Best and Fairest |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2015 | 1st | H.Wilson | J.Edwards | T.Baxter |
| 2016 |  |  |  |  |
| 2017 | 1st |  |  |  |
| 2018 | 1st | M.Skelly | H.Canton/B.Valensizi | C.Jefress |
| 2019 |  | E.Hooper | P.Lodge/A.Geoghegan | J.Barrett |
| 2020 | N/A | N/A |  | N/A |
| 2021 | 1st | D.Jordan | N.Clarke | A.Long |
| 2022 |  | D.Jordan | N.Clarke | J.Calam |
| 2023 | 2nd | R.Freer | N.Clarke | J.Frost |
| 2024 |  | J.Ellams | T.Steen/J.Frost |  |

**Women's Conference**

| Year | Position | Coach | Captain | Best and Fairest |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2015 |  |  |  |  |
| 2016 |  |  |  |  |
| 2017 |  |  |  |  |
| 2018 |  | J.Exelby |  | C.Flynn |
| 2019 |  |  |  | L.Ewington |
| 2020 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| 2021 |  | E.Hooper | A.Skimming | S.Boone |
| 2022 |  | M.Sexton/E.Hooper | B.Lane | S.Boone |
| 2023 |  | J.Ellams | M.Corcoran | R.Boone/A.Sharp |
| 2024 |  | E.Hooper | M.Corcoran |  |

## Notable players

| Year | Best & Fairest | EU/ROW B&F | EU/ROW Best Rookie | Best Clubman | Life Member |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1990 | H.Dunstall | J.Hancock | J.Padraig/P.Padraig |  |  |
| 1991 | D.Hoyle | R.Bredbury | R.Bredbury |  |  |
| 1992 | R.Hart/K.Shubert | D.Coyle |  |  |  |
| 1993 | J.Roberts | A.Lance |  |  |  |
| 1994 | C.Millar | D.Connolly |  |  | S.Morgan/A.Palmer |
| 1995 | G.Tanner |  | D. Baker |  | M.Whiles |
| 1996 | P.McKibbon |  |  |  | C.Dobson/K.Schubert |
| 1997 | M.Adams | M.Maynard | J.Sullivan | C.Watson | T.Lineen |
| 1998 | W.Granger | M.Maynard | A.Bradbury | C.Watson | M.McCormack/M.Tunley/C.Watson |
| 1999 | N.Bolton | S.Buckley |  | S.Percy | S.Percy |
| 2000 | D.Munro |  |  |  |  |
| 2001 | R.Thomson |  |  |  |  |
| 2002 | R.Harrop |  |  |  | C.Black/S.Hams |
| 2003 | A.Bomford |  |  | J.Taylor | J.Cumming |
| 2004 | J.O'Hart | C.Ward | L.Powell |  | I.Mobbs |
| 2005 | P.Sheehan | C.Lynch | P.Kasti | J.Taylor | J.Taylor |
| 2006 | J.O'Hart | C.Walsh/J.Quick | G.Cox |  | B.Hugo/M.Maynard/J.Sullivan |
| 2007 | M.Henningsen | S.Carter | K.McHugo |  | H.Simpson/J.Holloway |
| 2008 | A.Jansen | J.Sharpe | J.Lockwood | M.Holliday/R.Frieberg | M.Taylor |
| 2009 | L.Ivens | C.O'Hagan/J.Stewart | C.O'Hagan/J.Stewart | A.Bernadi |  |
| 2010 | M.Brescacin | J.Stewart | P.O'Donoghue | M.Holliday | B.Nash |
| 2011 | B.Jansen | B.Hayes/E.O'Murchu |  | B.Owen |  |
| 2012 | R.McNay | J.O'Connell |  | A.DeIacovo | R.Colling/M.McPartland |
| 2013 | N.Martin | C.Horn | C.Horn | A.DeIacovo |  |
| 2014 | T.Georgiou (and league) | C.Horn | A.Robert | J.Pearson | A.DeIacovo |
| 2015 | J.Walker | A.Watson | A.Watson | K.Grabowski | M.Holliday/J.Coombe |
| 2016 |  |  |  |  | J.Perrett |
| 2017 | S.Drake T.Hankinson | A.Watson O.Mulcahy |  | M.Skelly | C.Wilson |
| 2018 | Jordan Pollard |  |  |  | M.Brescacin |
| 2019 | Brayden Irving |  |  |  | X.Holland, A.Smith |

Retired jumper numbers:

* K.Schubert - Number 4. Retired in 1996.
* M.Tunley - Number 11. Retired in 2001.
* S.Percy - Number 55. Retired in 2003.
* J.Cumming - Number 13. Retired in 2009.

## InfoBox

| Wandsworth Demons Football Club | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Names | |
| Nickname(s) | Demons, Dees |
| Motto | Pugnus Addo Magis |
| 2023 season | |
| After finals | (1st) Minor Premiers |
| Club details | |
| Founded | 1990 |
| Competition | AFL London |
| President | Daniel Radis |
| Premierships | 26 Men's Premiership* 10 (1990, 1992, 1995, 1997, 1999, 2003, 2010, 2017, 2018, 2023)  Women's Premiership* 3 (2015, 2017, 2018, 2021)  Men's Conference* 3 (2009, 2016, 2023)  Women's Conference* 1 (2018)  Men's Social* 9 (2007, 2009, 2011, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2023) |
| Ground(s) | Clapham Common |


title: Wat Phra Yai

abstract: Wat Phra Yai, known in English as the Big Buddha Temple, is a Buddhist temple on Ko Phan, a small island offshore from the northeastern area of Ko Samui, Thailand, connected to that island by a short causeway 3 kilometres north of Samui International Airport. As its name indicates, it is home to a giant, 12-metre-high (39-foot) gold-painted Buddha statue. Since being built in 1972, it has become one of Ko Samui's main tourist attractions and a major landmark.

text:
# Wat Phra Yai

**Wat Phra Yai**, known in English as the **Big Buddha Temple**, is a Buddhist temple on Ko Phan (also spelled Koh Fan or Koh Faan), a small island offshore from the northeastern area of Ko Samui, Thailand, connected to that island by a short causeway 3 kilometres (1.9 miles) north of Samui International Airport. As its name indicates, it is home to a giant, 12-metre-high (39-foot) gold-painted Buddha statue. Since being built in 1972, it has become one of Ko Samui's main tourist attractions and a major landmark.

## The statues

The Buddha statue depicts Buddha in a state of calm and purity and resolve, having overcome temptation and fear sent at him by Mara, Lord of Illusion. Known as the Mara posture, the left hand rests palm open and up in the statue's lap, the right hand facing down over the right knee, almost to the ground.

There is a second, smaller Buddha statue, depicting the Maitreya of the Future and a collection of bells around the temple's rear side.

The temple design has elements of animism, Brahminism and Buddhism in its architecture. As in many Thai temples, nāga statues line the staircase. There is a bazaar within the temple grounds selling tourist items as well as amulets and other Buddhist items.

There are many restaurants and shops around the temple in the area known as Big Buddha Beach (Bang Rak).

## Location and access

The Buddha is near a beachtown called Bang Rak, now often called Big Buddha Beach. It is 7.5 km (4.7 mi) northwest from Chaweng and 3 km (1.9 mi) east from Bophut. The temple is located on Thai highway 4171, which is a side route off of Highway 4169, the main route around the island.

9°34′15″N 100°03′38″E / 9.5708°N 100.0606°E / 9.5708; 100.0606

## InfoBox

| Wat Phra Yai | |
| --- | --- |
| วัดพระใหญ่ | |
|  | |
| Religion | |
| Affiliation | Buddhism |
| Location | |
| Country | Thailand |
| Shown within Thailand | |
| Geographic coordinates | 9°34′15″N 100°03′35″E / 9.570804°N 100.059845°E / 9.570804; 100.059845 |
| Architecture | |
| Completed | 1972 |


title: Water polo

abstract: Water polo is a competitive team sport played in water between two teams of seven players each. The game consists of four quarters in which the teams attempt to score goals by throwing the ball into the opposing team's goal. The team with more goals at the end of the game wins the match. Each team is made up of six field players and one goalkeeper. Excluding the goalkeeper, players participate in both offensive and defensive roles. It is typically played in an all-deep pool where players cannot touch the bottom. A game consists mainly of the players swimming to move about the pool, treading water, passing the ball, and shooting at the goal. Teamwork, tactical thinking and awareness are also highly important aspects. Water polo is a highly physical and demanding sport and has frequently been cited as one of the most difficult to play. Special equipment for water polo includes a water polo ball, a ball of varying colors which floats on the water; numbered and coloured caps; and two goals, which either float in the water or are attached to the sides of the pool. The game is thought to have originated in Scotland in the mid-19th century; specifically, William Wilson is thought to have developed it in the 1870s as a sort of "water rugby". The game further developed with the formation of the London Water Polo League and has since expanded, becoming popular in parts of Europe, the United States, Brazil, China, Canada and Australia.

text:
# Water polo

**Water polo** is a competitive team sport played in water between two teams of seven players each. The game consists of four quarters in which the teams attempt to score goals by throwing the ball into the opposing team's goal. The team with more goals at the end of the game wins the match. Each team is made up of six field players and one goalkeeper. Excluding the goalkeeper, players participate in both offensive and defensive roles. It is typically played in an all-deep pool where players cannot touch the bottom.

A game consists mainly of the players swimming to move about the pool, treading water (mainly using the eggbeater kick), passing the ball, and shooting at the goal. Teamwork, tactical thinking and awareness are also highly important aspects. Water polo is a highly physical and demanding sport and has frequently been cited as one of the most difficult to play.

Special equipment for water polo includes a water polo ball, a ball of varying colors which floats on the water; numbered and coloured caps; and two goals, which either float in the water or are attached to the sides of the pool.

The game is thought to have originated in Scotland in the mid-19th century; specifically, William Wilson is thought to have developed it in the 1870s as a sort of "water rugby". The game further developed with the formation of the London Water Polo League and has since expanded, becoming popular in parts of Europe, the United States, Brazil, China, Canada and Australia.

## History

The history of water polo as a team sport began as a demonstration of strength and swimming skill in mid-19th century England and Scotland, where water sports and racing exhibitions were a feature of county fairs and festivals. Men's water polo was among the first team sports introduced at the modern Olympic games in 1900. The present-day game involves teams of seven players (plus up to six substitutes), with a water polo ball similar in size to a soccer ball but constructed of air-tight nylon.

One of the earliest recorded viewings of water polo was conducted at the 4th Open Air Fete of the London Swimming Club, held at the Crystal Palace, London on 15 September 1873. Another antecedent of the modern game of water polo was a game of water 'handball' played at Bournemouth on 13 July 1876. This was a game between 12 members of the Premier Rowing Club, with goals being marked by four flags placed in the water near to the midpoint of Bournemouth Pier. The game started at 6:00 pm and lasted for 15 minutes (when the ball burst) watched by a large crowd; with plans being made for play on a larger scale the following week.

The rules of water polo were originally developed in the late nineteenth century in Great Britain by William Wilson. Wilson is believed to have been the First Baths Master of the Arlington Baths Club in Glasgow. The first games of 'aquatic football' were played at the Arlington in the late 1800s (the club was founded in 1870), with a ball constructed of India rubber. This "water rugby" came to be called "water polo" based on the English pronunciation of the Balti word for ball, *pulu*. Early play allowed brute strength, wrestling and holding opposing players underwater to recover the ball. Players held underwater for lengthy periods usually surrendered possession. The goalie stood outside the playing area and defended the goal by jumping in on any opponent attempting to score by placing the ball on the deck.

## Geography

Water polo is now popular in many countries around the world, notably Europe (particularly in Spain, France, Netherlands, Germany, Italy, Croatia, Hungary, Serbia, Montenegro, Greece and Romania), Australia, Brazil, Canada and the United States.

Some countries have two principal competitions: a more prestigious league which is typically a double round-robin tournament restricted to the elite clubs, and a cup which is a single-elimination tournament open to both the elite and lesser clubs.

## Rules

The rules of water polo cover the play, procedures, equipment and officiating of water polo. These rules are similar throughout the world, although slight variations to the rules occur regionally and depending on the governing body. Governing bodies of water polo include World Aquatics, the international governing organization; European Aquatics, which governs international European matches; the NCAA, which governs collegiate matches in the United States; the NFHS, which governs high schools in the US, and the IOC, which governs Olympic events.

## Positions

There are seven players in the water from each team at one time. There are six players that play out and one goalkeeper. Unlike most common team sports, there is little positional play; field players will often fill several positions throughout the game as situations demand. These positions usually consist of a center forward, a center back, the two wing players and the two drivers. Players who are skilled in all positions of offense or defense are called utility players. Utility players tend to come off of the bench, though this is not absolute. Certain body types are more suited for particular positions, and left-handed players are especially coveted on the right-hand side of the field, allowing teams to launch two-sided attacks.

### Offense

The offensive positions include: one center forward (also called a "set", "hole-set", "center", "setter", "hole", or "2-meter man", located on or near the 2-meter, roughly in the center of the goal), two wings (located on or near the 2-meter, just outside of the goal posts, respectively), two drivers (also called "flats", located on or near the 5-meter, roughly at the goal posts, respectively), and one "point" (usually just behind the 5 meter, roughly in the center of the goal, respectively), positioned farthest from the goal. The wings, drivers and point are often called the perimeter players; while the hole-set directs play. There is a typical numbering system for these positions in U.S. NCAA men's division one polo. Beginning with the offensive wing to the opposing goalie's right side is called one. The flat in a counter clockwise from one is called two. Moving along in the same direction the point player is three, the next flat is four, the final wing is five, and the hole set is called six. Additionally, the position in which a player is can give advantages based on a player's handedness, to improve a shooting or passing angle (for example, the right wing is often left handed).

The center sets up in front of the opposing team's goalie and scores the most individually (especially during lower level play where flats do not have the required strength to effectively shoot from outside or to penetrate and then pass to teammates like the point guard in basketball, or center midfield player in soccer). The center's position nearest to the goal allows explosive shots from close-range.

### Defense

Defensive positions are often the same, but just switched from offence to defence. For example, the centre forward or hole set, who directs the attack on offence, on defence is known as "hole D" (also known as set guard, hole guard, hole check, pit defence or two-metre defence), and guards the opposing team's centre forward (also called the hole). Defence can be played man-to-man or in zones, such as a 2–4 (four defenders along the goal line). It can also be played as a combination of the two in what is known as an "M drop" defence, in which the point defender moves away ("sloughs off") his man into a zone in order to better defend the centre position. In this defence, the two wing defenders split the area furthest from the goal, allowing them a clearer lane for the counter-attack if their team recovers the ball.

### Goalkeeper

The goalkeeper has the main role in blocking shots against the goal as well as guiding and informing their defense of imposing threats and gaps in the defense. The goalkeeper usually begins the offensive play by passing the ball across the pool to an attacker. It is not unusual for a goalkeeper to make an assisting pass to a goal on a break away.

The goalkeeper is given several privileges above those of the other players, but only within the five-meter area in front of their own goal:

* The ability to punch the ball with a clenched fist,
* The ability to touch the ball with two hands.

In general, a foul that would cause an ejection of a field player might bring on a five-metre shot on the goalkeeper. Also, if a goalkeeper pushes the ball under water, the action will not be punished with a turnover like with field players, but with a penalty shot.

## Common techniques and practices

### Offense strategy

#### Player positioning

The most basic positional set up is known as a "3–3", so called because there are two lines in front of the opponent's goal. Another set up, used more by professional teams, is known as an "arc", "umbrella", or "mushroom"; perimeter players form the shape of an arc around the goal, with the hole set as the handle or stalk. Yet another option for offensive set is called a 4–2 or double hole; there are two center forward offensive players in front of the goal. Double hole is most often used in "man up" situations, or when the defense has only one skilled "hole D", or to draw in a defender and then pass out to a perimeter player for a shot ("kick out").

Another, albeit less common offense, is the "motion c", sometimes nicknamed "washing machine offence", in which two "weak-side" (to the right of the goal for right-handed players) perimeter players set up as a wing and a flat. The remaining four players swim in square pattern in which a player swims from the point to the hole and then out to the strong side wing. The wing moves to the flat and the flat to the point. The weak side wing and flat then control the tempo of play and try to make passes into the player driving towards the centre forward who can then either shoot or pass. This form of offence is used when no dominate hole set is available, or the hole defence is too strong. It is also seen much more often in women's water polo where teams may lack a player of sufficient size or strength to set up in the centre forward. The best advantage to this system is it makes man-coverage much more difficult for the defender and allows the offence to control the game tempo better once the players are "set up". The main drawback is this constant motion can be very tiring as well as somewhat predictable as to where the next pass is going to go.

#### Advancing the ball

When the offence takes possession of the ball, the strategy is to advance the ball down the field of play and to score a goal. Players can move the ball by throwing it to a teammate or swimming with the ball in front of them (dribbling). If an attacker uses their arm to push away a defending player and free up space for a pass or shot, the referee will rule a turnover and the defence will take possession of the ball. If an attacker advances inside the 2-metre line without the ball or before the ball is inside the 2-metre area, they are ruled offside and the ball is turned over to the defence. This is often overlooked if the attacker is well to the side of the pool or when the ball is at the other side of the pool.

#### Setting the ball

The key to the offence is to accurately pass (or "set") the ball into the centre forward or hole set, positioned directly in front of the goal ("the hole"). Any field player may throw the hole set a "wet pass". A wet pass is one that hits the water just outside the hole set's reach. A dry pass may also be used. This is where the hole set receives the ball directly in his hand and then attempts a shot at the cage. This pass is much more difficult because if the pass is not properly caught, the officials will be likely to call an offensive foul resulting in a change of ball possession. The hole set attempts to take possession of the ball \[after a wet pass\], to shoot at the goal, or to draw a foul from his defender. A minor foul is called if his defender (called the "hole D") attempts to impede movement before the hole set has possession. The referee indicates the foul with one short whistle blow and points one hand to the spot of the foul and the other hand in the direction of the attack of the team to whom the free throw has been awarded. The hole set then has a "reasonable amount of time" (typically about three seconds; there is no FINA rule on this issue) to re-commence play by making a free pass to one of the other players. The defensive team cannot hinder the hole set until the free throw has been taken, but the hole set cannot shoot a goal once the foul has been awarded until the ball has been played by at least one other player. If the hole set attempts a goal without the free throw, the goal is not counted and the defence takes possession of the ball, unless the shot is made outside the 5-metre line. As soon as the hole set has a free pass, the other attacking players attempt to swim (or *drive*) away from their defenders towards the goal. The players at the flat position will attempt to set a screen (also known as a pick) for the driver. If a driver gets free from a defender, the player calls for the pass from the hole set and attempts a shot at the goal.

#### Man-Up (5 on 6)

If a defender interferes with a free throw, holds or sinks an attacker who is not in possession or splashes water into the face of an opponent, the defensive player is excluded from the game for twenty seconds, known as a 'kick out' or an ejection. The attacking team typically positions 4 players on the 2 metre line, and 2 players on 5 metre line (4–2), passing the ball around until an open player attempts a shot. Other formations include a 3–3 (two lines of three attackers each) or arc (attackers make an arc in front of the goal and one offensive player sits in the 'hole' or 'pit' in front of the goal). The five defending players try to pressure the attackers, block shots and prevent a goal being scored for the 20 seconds while they are a player down. The other defenders can only block the ball with one hand to help the goalkeeper. The defensive player is allowed to return immediately if the offence scores, or if the defence recovers the ball before the twenty seconds expires.

### Defense strategy

On defence, the players work to regain possession of the ball and to prevent a goal in their own net. The defence attempts to knock away or steal the ball from the offense or to commit a foul in order to stop an offensive player from taking a goal shot. The defender attempts to stay between the attacker and the goal, a position known as *inside water*.

#### Goalkeeper

Even with good backup from the rest of the defenders, stopping attacks can prove very difficult if the goalkeeper remains in the middle of the goal. The most defensible position is along a semicircular line connecting the goalposts and extending out in the centre. Depending on the ball carrier's location, the goalkeeper is positioned along that semicircle roughly a metre out of the goal to reduce the attacker's shooting angle. The goalkeeper stops using their hands to tread water once the opponent enters at about the 7-metre mark and starts to lift their upper body using the eggbeater technique to prepare to block the shot. Finally, the goalkeeper tries to block the ball down, which is often hard for the longer reaches, but prevents an offensive rebound and second shot. As is the case with other defensive players, a goalkeeper who aggressively fouls an attacker in position to score can be charged with a penalty shot for the other team. The goalkeeper can also be ejected for twenty seconds if a major foul is committed. Also, inside the five metre mark, the goalie can swing at the ball with a closed fist without being penalised.

#### Advantage rule

If an offensive player, such as the centre forward, has possession of the ball in front of the goal, the defensive player tries to steal the ball or to keep the centre from shooting or passing. If the defender cannot achieve these aims, he may commit a foul intentionally. The hole set then is given a free throw but must pass off the ball to another offensive player, rather than making a direct shot at the goal. Defensive perimeter players may also intentionally cause a minor foul and then move toward the goal, away from their attacker, who must take a free throw. This technique, called sloughing, allows the defense an opportunity to double-team the hole set and possibly steal the inbound pass. The referee may refrain from declaring a foul, if in his judgment this would give the advantage to the offender's team. This is known as the *Advantage Rule*.

## Injuries

Water polo is a contact sport, with little protective gear besides swimsuits and caps with ear protectors, and thus injuries are common. Among the most frequent serious injuries are those affecting the head and shoulders. Those induced to the head are usually caused by elbows or the ball itself, while shoulder injuries are a result of grabbing and pushing while throwing the ball or simply of repetitive overexertion of joints and muscles when taking hard shots. The hands and fingers are vulnerable areas, due to contact when opponents attempt to steal the ball, or when players block shots. Other injuries take place underwater, such as leg and groin injuries, as many actions cannot be seen from above the surface and not much padding is used to protect the players.

Sunburn is a common minor injury in outdoor matches. Players often don't apply sunscreen as it makes their skin, and hence the ball, slippery; FINA and most state governing bodies forbid the use of copious sunscreen to make the body harder for the opposing team to grip.

## Variations

Inner tube water polo is a style of water polo in which players, excluding the goalkeeper, are required to float in inner tubes. By floating in an inner tube players expend less energy than traditional water polo players, not having to tread water. This allows casual players to enjoy water polo without undertaking the intense conditioning required for conventional water polo.

Surf polo, another variation of water polo, is played on surfboards. First played on the beaches of Waikiki in Hawaii in the 1930s and 1940s, it is credited to Louis Kahanamoku, Duke Kahanamoku's brother.

Canoe polo or kayak polo is one of the eight disciplines of canoeing pursued in the UK, known simply as "polo" by its aficionados. Polo combines paddling and ball handling skills with a contact team game, where tactics and positional play are as important as the speed and fitness of the individual athletes.

Flippa ball is a precursor variant intended for younger and beginner players to learn the basics of polo. It is played in shallow water and permits touching the bottom of the pool. Players rotate positions after each score.

## Water polo equipment

Water polo balls: old (left) and new designs

Little player equipment is needed to play water polo. Items required in water polo include:

* **Ball**: A water polo ball is constructed of waterproof material to allow it to float on the water. The cover is textured to give players additional grip. The size of the ball is different for men's, women's and junior games.
* **Caps**: A water polo cap is used to protect the players' heads and ears, and to make them identifiable from afar. Home team field players wear numbered dark-colored caps; Visiting team field players wear numbered white caps. Both starting goalkeepers wear red caps (sometimes quartered), numbered "1" (substitute goalies' caps are numbered either "13" for FINA international play or "15" for NCAA play) Caps are fitted with ear protectors.

Male swimsuit (left) and Female swimsuit (right) * **Goals**: Two goals are needed in order to play water polo. These can either be put on the side of the pool, or in the pool using floaters.
* **Mouthguard**: A mouthguard is not mandatory in most tournaments but is recommended.
* **Swimwear**: Male water polo players wear either swim briefs or jammers (thigh-length trunks). Female players must wear a one-piece swimsuit. Suit-grabbing fouls are common, so players often wear tight-fitting suits, and may layer on several suits at a time for additional security. Many swimwear labels also sell specialized water polo suits that feature reinforced stitching and tougher fabric. Female water polo suits are generally one-piece outfits which do not have open backs, but zip securely up the back so as to not have straps that can be easily grabbed.

## Major competitions

### Summer Olympics

Men's water polo at the Olympics was the first team sport introduced at the 1900 games, along with cricket, rugby, football, polo (with horses), rowing and tug of war. Women's water polo became an Olympic sport at the 2000 Sydney Olympic Games after political protests from the Australian women's team.

One of the most historically known matches often referred to as the *Blood in the Water match*, was a 1956 Summer Olympics semi-final match between Hungary and the Soviet Union, played in Melbourne. As the athletes left for the games, the Hungarian revolution began, and the Soviet army crushed the uprising. The Hungarians defeated the Soviets 4–0 before the game was called off in the final minute to prevent angry Hungarians in the crowd reacting to Valentin Prokopov punching Ervin Zádor.

### Other tournaments

Every 2 to 4 years since 1973, a men's Water Polo World Championship is organized within the FINA World Aquatics Championships. Women's water polo was added in 1986. A second tournament series, the FINA Water Polo World Cup, has been held every other year since 1979. In 2002, FINA organised the sport's first international league, the FINA Water Polo World League.

There is also a European Water Polo Championship that is held every other year.

Professional water polo is played in many Southern and Eastern European countries like Croatia, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Montenegro, Russia, Serbia, Spain, etc. with the LEN Euroleague tournament played amongst the best teams.

There is also a World Club Water Polo Challenge.

## Citations

## General sources

## InfoBox

Water polo
| Greece (white) and Hungary (blue) play a water polo match at the World Junior Championships 2004 in Naples, Italy. | |
| --- | --- |
| Highest governing body | World Aquatics |
| Nicknames | Polo, wopo, waterfootball, poolball |
| Created | 19th century, Scotland, United Kingdom |
| Characteristics | |
| Contact | Full-contact |
| Team members | 7 per side (6 field players and 1 goalkeeper) |
| Mixed-sex | Separate competitions |
| Type | Aquatic sport, team sport, ball sport |
| Equipment | Water polo ball, water polo goal, water polo cap |
| Venue | Water polo pool |
| Glossary | Glossary of water polo |
| Presence | |
| Country or region | Worldwide |
| Olympic | Part of the Summer Olympic programme since 1900; women's since 2000 |
| World Games | Women's: 1981 |


title: Wawacan Sulanjana

abstract: Wawacan Sulanjana is a Sundanese manuscript containing Sundanese myths. The title means "The Tale of Sulanjana", derived from the name of the hero Sulanjana as the protector of rice plant against the attack of Sapi Gumarang cow, Kalabuat and Budug Basu boars symbolizing rice pestilence. The Wawacan Sulanjana contains Sundanese local wisdom through reverence of rice cultivation in its tradition. The text in Wawacan Sulanjana tells the myth of the Sundanese gods, especially that of the rice goddess Nyi Pohaci Sanghyang Asri. It also describes the wealth of the ancient kingdom of Pajajaran or Sunda Kingdom with its legendary king Siliwangi. Additionally, it describes the agricultural nature of Sundanese people. The origin of Wawacan Sulanjana probably began as an oral tradition of Pantun Sunda transmitted orally by village story teller across generations. The present copy of Wawacan Sulanjana was estimated to be compiled and composed in a later period, around the 17th to 19th centuries, after the adoption of Islam among the Sundanese. It contains several traces of Islamic mythology such as the Sundanese gods being connected to biblical figures like Adam and the demon Idajil being connected to the Devil (Satan) in Biblical tradition. The present myth contain influences of Hindu and Islamic mythology. However, most of the mythology derives from far older pre-Hindu and pre-Islamic aspect of ancient Sundanese culture. Some trace of Javanese culture is also present, such as the reference to the deity Batara Ismaya disguised as the old servant Ki Semar, and the mentioning of Nawang Wulan apsara that magically cooks rice. In 1907, Plyte translated and compiled the "Wawacan Sulanjana".

text:
# Wawacan Sulanjana

**Wawacan Sulanjana** is a Sundanese manuscript containing Sundanese myths. The title means "The Tale of Sulanjana", derived from the name of the hero Sulanjana as the protector of rice plant against the attack of Sapi Gumarang cow, Kalabuat and Budug Basu boars symbolizing rice pestilence. The Wawacan Sulanjana contains Sundanese local wisdom through reverence of rice cultivation in its tradition.

The text in Wawacan Sulanjana tells the myth of the Sundanese gods, especially that of the rice goddess Nyi Pohaci Sanghyang Asri (Sri Lakshmi). It also describes the wealth of the ancient kingdom of Pajajaran or Sunda Kingdom with its legendary king Siliwangi. Additionally, it describes the agricultural nature of Sundanese people. The origin of Wawacan Sulanjana probably began as an oral tradition of Pantun Sunda transmitted orally by village story teller across generations. The present copy of Wawacan Sulanjana was estimated to be compiled and composed in a later period, around the 17th to 19th centuries, after the adoption of Islam among the Sundanese. It contains several traces of Islamic mythology such as the Sundanese gods being connected to biblical figures like Adam and the demon Idajil being connected to the Devil (Satan) in Biblical tradition. The present myth contain influences of Hindu and Islamic mythology. However, most of the mythology derives from far older pre-Hindu and pre-Islamic aspect of ancient Sundanese culture. Some trace of Javanese culture is also present, such as the reference to the deity Batara Ismaya disguised as the old servant Ki Semar, and the mentioning of Nawang Wulan apsara that magically cooks rice. In 1907, Plyte translated and compiled the "Wawacan Sulanjana".

## Summary

### The creation of the world

The story begins with the creation mythology of the universe by a single supreme God, and with peculiar connection to the Biblical figure of Adam as the ancestor of Sundanese gods. These sections were likely added later to the original version in order to incorporate Islamic mythology and ideas after the adoption of Islam. The highest God of Sunda Wiwitan belief, the Sang Hyang Kersa ("The Powerful") created the universe and also other gods such as Mother Goddess Batari Sunan Ambu, and Batara Guru (identified as Shiva after the adoption of Hinduism). Many other gods were adopted from Hinduism such as Indra and Vishnu. Batara Guru rules the kahyangan or svargaloka as the king of gods. Sang Hyang Kersa also created seven bataras (lesser demigods) in Sasaka Pusaka Buana (The Sacred Place on Earth), they ruled various locations in Sunda lands.

### The myth of the rice goddess

Once upon a time in svargaloka (heaven), Batara Guru (in ancient Hindu Javanese is associated with Shiva), the highest god commanded all the gods and goddesses to contribute their power in order to build a new palace of Bale Pancawarna. Anybody who disobeyed this commandment are considered lazy and would lose their arms and legs. Upon hearing the Batara Guru's commandment, one of the gods, Anta (Ananta Boga), a Nāga god, was very anxious. He didn't have arms or legs and he wasn't sure how he could possibly do the job. Anta was shaped as a serpent and he could not work. He sought advice from Batara Narada, the younger brother of Batara Guru. But unfortunately Narada was also confused by Anta's bad luck. Anta became very upset and cried.

As he was crying three teardrops fell on the ground. Miraculously, after touching the ground those teardrops became three beautiful shining eggs that looked like jewels or pearls. Batara Narada advised him to offer those "jewels" to the Batara Guru hoping that the gift would appease him and he would give a fair judgement for Anta's disability.

With the three eggs in his mouth Anta went to the Batara Guru's palace. On the way there he was approached by an eagle (in some traditions, it is described as a crow) who asked him a question. Anta keep silent and could not answer the question because he is holding the eggs is in his mouth. However, the bird thought that Anta was being arrogant and it became furious and began to attack Anta. As the result one egg fell to earth and shattered. Anta quickly tried to hide in the bushes but the bird was waiting for him. The second attack left Anta with only one egg to offer to the Batara Guru. The two broken eggs fell to the earth and became twin boars Kalabuat and Budug Basu. Later, Kalabuat and Budug Basu was adopted by Sapi Gumarang cow. Sapi Gumarang was accidentally conceived when a female cow accidentally drink the urine of the devil Idajil.

Finally he arrived at the palace and offered his teardrop in the shape of a shiny egg to the Batara Guru. The offer was graciously accepted and the Batara Guru asked him to nest the egg until it hatched. Miraculously the egg hatched into a very beautiful baby girl. He gave the baby girl to the Batara Guru and his wife Batari Umah (Uma).

Nyai Pohaci (sometimes spelled "Pwah Aci") Sanghyang Asri was her name and she grew up into a beautiful princess in the heavenly kingdom. Every god who saw her became attracted to her, even her foster father, Batara Guru started to feel attracted to her. Seeing the Batara Guru's desire toward his foster daughter, all the gods became worried. Because Batari Umah had nurtured and breastfeed Sanghyang Asri, she is considered as her daughter, and this means she is Batara Guru's daughter too. Marying one's daughter is considered as incest and it is taboo. Fearing that this scandal could destroy the harmony in heaven, finally the gods led by Batara Narada conspired to separate Nyi Pohaci and the Batara Guru.

To avoid scandal and to keep the peace in the heavenly kingdom, and also to protect Nyi Pohaci's chastity, Batara Narada led the gods to plan for her murder. The gods collected all the most powerful poisons from all around the world and put it in a small container. The poison was later secretly put into Sri's drink. She was poisoned to death and died almost instantly. Her sudden death had caused guilt and fear among gods, since they have committed the sin of killing an innocent girl. This unjust act had incited the wrath of the universe and Sang Hyang Kersa, the supreme god that usually kept silent, punished the gods by sending the storm and peculiar harsh weather upon the heavenly kingdom. In tears of fears the gods took her body away from heaven and buried somewhere on earth in a far and hidden place. However, because of Sri Pohaci's innocence and divinity, her grave showed a miraculous sign; for at the time of her burial, up grew some useful plants that would forever benefit human beings. From her head grew coconut; from her nose, lips, and ears grew various spices and vegetables, from her hair grew grass and various flowering plants, from her breasts grew various fruit plants, from her arms and hands grew teak and various wood trees, from her genitals grew *Kawung* (*Aren* or *Enau*: sugar palm), from her thighs grew various types of bamboo, from her legs grew various tuber plants, and finally from her belly button grew a very useful plant that is called *padi* (rice). In some version, white rice grew from her right eye, while red rice grew from her left eye. All of the useful plants, essential for human needs and wellbeing, are considered to come from the remnant of Dewi Sri's body. From that time, the people of Java island venerated and revered her as the benevolent "Goddess of Rice" and fertility. In the ancient Sunda Kingdom, she was considered the highest goddess and the most important deity for agricultural society.

### The way to cook rice

In the heavenly kingdom, Batara Guru ordered Batara Ismaya, that manifested on earth as Semar, to take these useful plants to the kingdom of Pajajaran and give them to humans to eat and use. Batara Guru also sent his daughter the bidadari (apsara) Nawang Wulan to bring cooked rice to men. Nawang Wulan was one of seven bidadari that sometimes descended to earth to bathe in a clear pond. They descend to earth using a magical colorful sash that enabled them to fly and travel between heaven and earth. When these seven apsaras descended to earth, their colorful sash took form as the seven colors of the rainbow. Nawang Wulan also can be found in the Javanese tale of Jaka Tarub. Nawang Wulan descended to earth and married King Siliwangi of Pajajaran Kingdom. Nawang Wulan magically cooked the rice by putting a single ear of rice grain into a bamboo container and magically the entire ear of rice was cooked and ready to eat. She kept this heavenly magical method secret and ordered everybody to stay away from her pendaringan (traditional cupboard in the kitchen contains rice container and cooking utensils). She insisted that nobody should learn the secret way of cooking rice. One day the King felt curious of the method of cooking rice and peeped inside the hole on the kitchen wall and learned the Nawang Wulan's secret magical way of cooking rice. Because the King has broken his vow, the magical way of cooking rice was undone, and Nawang Wulan had to return to svargaloka and leave her husband King Siliwangi. Because of this accident, Semar had to teach people the more difficult and laborious way of planting and properly cooking the rice, the traditional method as we know it today.

### The battle between Sulanjana and Gumarang

Previously the twin boars Kalabuat and Budug Basu were born from the two broken magical eggs of Anta's tear, and fell to earth. They were adopted and taken care of by Gumarang the cow. Gumarang was a demon buffalo conceived through the urine of the demon Idajil, thus naturally, he is inherently evil. After grown up, Kalabuat and Budug Basu tried to find their sister and finally found Nyi Pohaci Sanghyang Asri's grave. They circled the grave seven times and died upon their sister's grave.

Meanwhile, Dampo Awang from across the sea came with his ships to the land of Sunda to buy the rice. Because the rice is sacred for the Sundanese people and considered as the gift from the gods that actually belongs to gods, nobody dared to sell it. King Siliwangi refused to sell the abundant rice stock stored in *leuit* (barns) in his kingdom. Dampo Awang was very furious, and in retaliation, he persuaded Gumarang the cow to destroy the rice in the Sunda Kingdom.

The Gumarang buffalo took the body of Kalabuat and Budug Basu from Pohaci's grave and took them to travel, encircling the earth. Miraculously the body of Kalabuat and Budug Basu turned into various animals: pigs, boars, rats, insects, and all kind of animals that are pestilence to rice. The nature of Kalabuat and Budug Basu is to reunite with their sister through eating and destroying rice crop, which is why both are the considered as the manifestations of pests.

To protect the rice, Batara Guru ordered his son, Sulanjana that was living and taken care by the earth goddess Pertiwi, to come to Sunda and fight Gumarang and the pests manifestations of Kalabuat and Budug Basu boars. Sulanjana also identified as Sedana was assisted by his twin sisters to fight Gumarang the buffalo. They fought ferociously until finally Sulanjana succeed to defeat Gumarang and the pestilences. Gumarang the buffalo pleaded to Sulanjana to spare his life. In return he agreed to help Sulanjana to take care the rice plants, lf Sulanjana periodically gave him the offering of fern leaves to eat. Sulanjana agreed and made Gumarang to work the rice paddy, and it became the predecessor of water buffalos that today plow the rice paddy to prepare for rice planting.


title: Waterhole No. 3

abstract: Waterhole #3 is a 1967 Western comedy film directed by William A. Graham. It is considered to be a comic remake of The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly. The film stars James Coburn, Carroll O'Connor and Margaret Blye. The cast also includes Bruce Dern, James Whitmore, Claude Akins, Joan Blondell and Timothy Carey, and it was the last film shot by Robert Burks before his death in 1968. Roger Miller performs the theme song and performs snippets of music throughout the film as a form of narration. The film is a Blake Edwards production.

text:
# Waterhole No. 3

***Waterhole #3*** is a 1967 Western comedy film directed by William A. Graham. It is considered to be a comic remake of *The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly*.

The film stars James Coburn, Carroll O'Connor and Margaret Blye. The cast also includes Bruce Dern, James Whitmore, Claude Akins, Joan Blondell and Timothy Carey, and it was the last film shot by Robert Burks before his death in 1968. Roger Miller performs the theme song and performs snippets of music throughout the film as a form of narration. The film is a Blake Edwards production.

## Plot

In Arizona, a shipment of gold bullion is stolen in an inside job by a group of men consisting of U.S. Army Sgt. Henry Foggers, assigned to guard the gold, Doc Quinlen, the mastermind of the caper, and Hilb, a billy-goat-bearded ruffian. They take shoemaker Ben Akajanian hostage and dig a tunnel from his parlor to the Army deposit next door. The gold is then buried by Quinlen in the desert, near Waterhole No. 3. Some time later, Quinlen is then killed by Lewton Cole, a professional gambler, after an altercation in which Cole discovers a map to the buried treasure scrawled on a $20 bill.

Foggers and Hilb, along with Ben (who they have taken along to make it look as if he was the thief), set out to find Cole and the gold. At the same time, U.S. Cavalry captain named Shipley is also looking for the stolen gold along with his detachment. Cole, meanwhile, stops at the town of Integrity and gets a headstart on the local law enforcement after the killing by locking up Sheriff John Copperud and his deputy in their own jail, then forcing them to disrobe and hand over their clothes.

Cole rides to the sheriff's ranch, steals his horse and rapes Billee, the sheriff's daughter. Copperud returns to the ranch and infuriates Billee by being more upset over losing his horse than about Cole's treatment of her. After Copperud leaves the ranch chasing for Cole, Billee also heads into the desert.

Copperud catches up with Cole just as the latter finds the gold. Cole is put under arrest, but befriends the sheriff and manages to convince him to take the gold for themselves. However, as they march back to town, they are ambushed by Foggers and his companions, who take the gold along with their horses and leave them tied in the middle of the desert. Nonetheless, Billee arrives at the scene after a while and frees them both. Knowing that Foggers intends to cross the border to Mexico, the three return to Integrity, full aware that the bandits should have to spend the night there.

Foggers tells Hilb to stay guard on the local hotel while he and the shoemaker head for the brothel. As Cole and company approach the place, they are spotted by Hilb, who barricades inside his room. Instead of trying to storm in, Cole and Copperud decide to keep an eye from the room across the hallway and wait until Foggers returns. Next morning, in spite of their plans, Hilb manages to escape the hotel, leading to a gunfight that results in the thief dropping his half of the gold and running away from town. Foggers then enters the fray, and in the confusion, Ben manages to flee with the loot. Cole, Copperud and Foggers set out in pursuit, only to enter head on in Shipley's campfire; Ben is already there.

When questioned, Foggers states that he has been in pursuit of the thieves, while Cole declares that Quinlen's death was an act of self-defense. Copperud corroborates both tales, thus leaving Ben as the culprit. However, in Ben's saddlebag there is nothing but rocks, so it is assumed that he must have dropped the gold in the trail between Integrity and the camp. Billee gets to the place just as everyone leaves to find where Ben has stashed the gold, leaving only Billee and Ben in the Army camp. Cole backtracks in time to see Billee gallop off, leaving Ben alone. Cole follows Billee to some rocks where Ben has hid the gold, and has sex with her. Still, Cole departs with the gold and the sheriff's horse a few moments later, and Billee is both angry and distraught as he, once more, has left her behind.

All the others arrive to the place where Billee is, sitting on a rock watching the horizon. When asked about the gold, she points in Cole's direction, who can be seen riding on the rim of a distant ridge, and everybody departs in hot pursuit.

## Cast

## Production

The movie was based on an original script by Joseph Steck and Robert Young. The film was produced by Blake Edwards as part of a four picture deal he had at Paramount (this would also result in *Gunn* and *Darling Lili* with the fourth film never made). However the director was Will Graham, making his feature debut as director. Filming took place in late 1966 at Lone Pine, California.

## Reception

Roger Ebert gave the film two stars.

## InfoBox

| Waterhole #3 | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | William A. Graham |
| Written by | Joseph T. Steck
Robert R. Young |
| Produced by | Owen Crump
Joseph T. Steck
Ken Wales
Blake Edwards |
| Starring | James Coburn
Carroll O'Connor
Margaret Blye |
| Cinematography | Robert Burks |
| Edited by | Warren Low |
| Music by | Dave Grusin |
| Production
company | Geoffrey Productions |
| Distributed by | Paramount Pictures |
| Release date | * November 17, 1967 (1967-11-17) |
| Running time | 95 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
| Box office | $2,700,000 (US/ Canada) |


abstract: Warhammer 40,000: Gladius – Relics of War is a turn-based strategy 4X video game developed by Proxy Studios and published by Slitherine Software for Windows and Linux on July 12, 2018. It is based on Games Workshop's tabletop wargame Warhammer 40,000.

text:
# Warhammer 40,000: Gladius – Relics of War

***Warhammer 40,000: Gladius – Relics of War*** is a turn-based strategy 4X video game developed by Proxy Studios and published by Slitherine Software for Windows and Linux on July 12, 2018. It is based on Games Workshop's tabletop wargame *Warhammer 40,000*.

## Gameplay

*Gladius – Relics of War* is a turn-based strategy 4X game played on a hex grid, set on an imperial world of Gladius in the *Warhammer 40,000* universe. There are initially four races to choose from: Imperial Guard, Space Marines, Orks, or Necrons. Additional races are unlocked via DLC. There is no diplomacy, a departure from a typical 4X game. The multiplayer supports hotseat mode.

## Release

*Gladius – Relics of War* was announced on November 27, 2017. Several downloadable content (DLC) packs have been released for the game.

## Reception

*Gladius – Relics of War* received "mixed or average" reviews according to review aggregator Metacritic.

Leana Hafer of IGN called *Gladius* "a really well-done, turn-based 40K wargame."

Tom Senior of *PC Gamer* summarized that the game is "\[a\] plodding and predictable 4X strategy game that's relaxing in its own way, but rarely challenging."

Davide Pessach of Eurogamer gave seven out of ten to the *Tyranids* expansion.

## InfoBox

| Warhammer 40,000: Gladius – Relics of War | |
| --- | --- |
| Steam header | |
| Developer(s) | Proxy Studios |
| Publisher(s) | Slitherine Software |
| Series | *Warhammer 40,000* |
| Platform(s) | Windows, Linux |
| Release | July 12, 2018 |
| Genre(s) | Turn-based strategy, 4X |
| Mode(s) | Single-player, multiplayer |


title: Water Canyon High School

abstract: Water Canyon High School (WCHS) is a public high school in Hildale, Utah, United States. It was established in 2016 and is part of the Washington County School District.

text:
# Water Canyon High School

**Water Canyon High School** (**WCHS**) is a public high school in Hildale, Utah, United States. It was established in 2016 and is part of the Washington County School District.

## History

Water Canyon High School was established in 2016, two years after the Water Canyon School was re-opened to pupils from grades Kindergarten to 12 in 2014. The Water Canyon School reverted to an elementary school, which it had been before it closed in 2001 due to comments from FLDS Church leader Warren Jeffs that caused enrollment to decrease by 75 percent.

## Athletics

Water Canyon High School competes in the 1A division in region 20 with other southern Utah schools in Beaver, Garfield, Kane, Piute, and Wayne counties. Water Canyon will remain in 1A Region 20 for the 2019-2021 classification period. While not in UHSAA competition with each other, Water Canyon High School maintains a rivalry with El Capitan High School.

## Demographics

Water Canyon High School is considered by the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) to be Town – Distant (32), that is defined as territory inside an Urban Cluster that is more than 10 miles and less than or equal to 35 miles from an Urbanized Area. 2018–2019 race/ethnicity are:

* American Indian/Alaska Native — 0%
* Asian — .38%
* Black — 0%
* Hispanic — .38%
* Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander — 0%
* White — 99.24%
* Two or more races — 0%

## InfoBox

| Water Canyon High School | |
| --- | --- |
| Address | |
|  | |
| 880 North Carling Street #520
Hildale, Utah 84784
United States | |
| Coordinates | 37°00′18″N 112°58′05″W / 37.004962°N 112.968067°W / 37.004962; -112.968067 |
| Information | |
| Other name | WCHS |
| Type | Public high school |
| Motto | Building Tomorrow's Future |
| Established | 2016 (2016) |
| School district | Washington County School District |
| NCES School ID | 490114001521 |
| Principal | Steve Showalter |
| Teaching staff | 18.48 (on an FTE basis) |
| Grades | 7–12 |
| Enrollment | 349 (2022–2023) |
| Student to teacher ratio | 18.89 |
| Color(s) | Orange and blue |
| Mascot | Wildcat |
| Nickname | Wildcats |
| Accreditation | Cognia |
| Website | wchs.washk12.org |


abstract: The women's tournament of Water polo at the 2018 Asian Games at Jakarta, Indonesia, began on 16 August and ended on 21 August 2018. All games were held at the Gelora Bung Karno Aquatic Stadium. After the cancelation of the 2020 Asian Water Polo Championships, the Asian Games acted as the Asian qualifying tournament for the 2020 Olympic Games in Tokyo.

text:
# Water polo at the 2018 Asian Games – Women

The **women's tournament of Water polo at the 2018 Asian Games** at Jakarta, Indonesia, began on 16 August and ended on 21 August 2018. All games were held at the Gelora Bung Karno Aquatic Stadium.

After the cancelation of the 2020 Asian Water Polo Championships, the Asian Games acted as the Asian qualifying tournament for the 2020 Olympic Games in Tokyo.

## Squads

| China | Hong Kong | Indonesia | Japan |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |  |
| Kazakhstan | Thailand |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |

## Results

All times are Western Indonesia Time (UTC+07:00)

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | China | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 76 | 24 | +52 | 10 |
| 2 | Kazakhstan | 5 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 70 | 34 | +36 | 8 |
| 3 | Japan | 5 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 84 | 36 | +48 | 6 |
| 4 | Thailand | 5 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 53 | 62 | 9 | 4 |
| 5 | Indonesia | 5 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 30 | 82 | 52 | 2 |
| 6 | Hong Kong | 5 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 22 | 97 | 75 | 0 |

Source: OCA

| 16 August
14:30 | **Japan** | **15**4 | Indonesia | Gelora Bung Karno Aquatic Stadium, Jakarta
**Referees:**
Štampalija (CRO), Tan (SGP) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | **Score by quarters:** 5–2, 2–1, 3–0, 5–1 | | | |
| | Sakanoue 4 | **Goals** | *four players* 1 | |

---

| 16 August
15:50 | **Thailand** | **19**6 | Hong Kong | Gelora Bung Karno Aquatic Stadium, Jakarta
**Referees:**
Flahive (AUS), Ni (CHN) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | **Score by quarters:** 5–1, 3–3, 8–0, 3–2 | | | |
| | Saraikarn 5 | **Goals** | Mak L.S. 3 | |

---

| 16 August
17:10 | **China** | **11**4 | Kazakhstan | Gelora Bung Karno Aquatic Stadium, Jakarta
**Referees:**
Stavridis (GRE), Štampalija (CRO) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | **Score by quarters:** 3–1, 4–1, 2–1, 2–1 | | | |
| | Xiong D.H., Zhang J. 2 | **Goals** | Roga 2 | |

---

| 17 August
14:30 | **Indonesia** | **9**8 | Hong Kong | Gelora Bung Karno Aquatic Stadium, Jakarta
**Referees:**
Tahara (JPN), Salnichenko (KAZ) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | **Score by quarters:** 1–3, 1–2, 1–1, 6–2 | | | |
| | Savitri, Siwabessy, Legawa 2 | **Goals** | Chan S.T., Mak L.S. 4 | |

---

| 17 August
15:50 | **Kazakhstan** | **13**4 | Thailand | Gelora Bung Karno Aquatic Stadium, Jakarta
**Referees:**
Tan (SGP), Štampalija (CRO) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | **Score by quarters:** 3–3, 2–1, 6–0, 2–0 | | | |
| | Mirshina 5 | **Goals** | *four players* 1 | |

---

| 17 August
17:10 | Japan | 8**12** | **China** | Gelora Bung Karno Aquatic Stadium, Jakarta
**Referees:**
Flahive (AUS), Stavridis (GRE) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | **Score by quarters:** 0–3, 1–3, 3–2, 4–4 | | | |
| | *four players* 2 | **Goals** | Xiong D.H., Zhang J. 3 | |

---

| 19 August
14:30 | Hong Kong | 2**22** | **Kazakhstan** | Gelora Bung Karno Aquatic Stadium, Jakarta
**Referees:**
Pranolo (INA), Tan (SGP) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | **Score by quarters:** 0–7, 1–3, 1–7, 0–5 | | | |
| | Chan S.T., Leung N.G. 1 | **Goals** | Novikova, Myrzabekova 4 | |

---

| 19 August
15:50 | **China** | **20**4 | Indonesia | Gelora Bung Karno Aquatic Stadium, Jakarta
**Referees:**
Jiathornwattana (THA), Salnichenko (KAZ) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | **Score by quarters:** 7–0, 7–3, 3–1, 3–0 | | | |
| | Xiong D.H., Zhang D.Y., Chen X. 3 | **Goals** | Siwabessy 2 | |

---

| 19 August
17:10 | Thailand | 5**19** | **Japan** | Gelora Bung Karno Aquatic Stadium, Jakarta
**Referees:**
Han (KOR), Ni (CHN) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | **Score by quarters:** 2–7, 0–2, 0–6, 3–4 | | | |
| | Sathitanon 2 | **Goals** | Arima, Inaba 5 | |

---

| 20 August
14:30 | Indonesia | 6**19** | **Kazakhstan** | Gelora Bung Karno Aquatic Stadium, Jakarta
**Referees:**
Tahara (JPN), Ni (CHN) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | **Score by quarters:** 0–5, 0–2, 2–7, 4–5 | | | |
| | Manzilina 2 | **Goals** | Mirshina 5 | |

---

| 20 August
15:50 | **Japan** | **31**3 | Hong Kong | Gelora Bung Karno Aquatic Stadium, Jakarta
**Referees:**
Jiathornwattana (THA), Salnichenko (KAZ) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | **Score by quarters:** 8–2, 5–0, 12–0, 6–1 | | | |
| | Arima 7 | **Goals** | Chan S.T., Ng W.Y., Yeung S.W. 1 | |

---

| 20 August
17:10 | **China** | **17**5 | Thailand | Gelora Bung Karno Aquatic Stadium, Jakarta
**Referees:**
Tan (SGP), Pranolo (INA) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | **Score by quarters:** 3–0, 5–2, 6–1, 3–2 | | | |
| | Chen X. 5 | **Goals** | Rewrujirek 2 | |

---

| 21 August
14:30 | **Thailand** | **20**7 | Indonesia | Gelora Bung Karno Aquatic Stadium, Jakarta
**Referees:**
Ni (CHN), Flahive (AUS) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | **Score by quarters:** 5–1, 3–1, 8–2, 4–3 | | | |
| | Thinwilai 7 | **Goals** | Balkis 2 | |

---

| 21 August
15:50 | Hong Kong | 3**16** | **China** | Gelora Bung Karno Aquatic Stadium, Jakarta
**Referees:**
Tahara (JPN), Han (KOR) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | **Score by quarters:** 1–4, 0–4, 0–4, 2–4 | | | |
| | Chan S.T., Ng W.Y., Lau K.L. 1 | **Goals** | Xiong D.H. 4 | |

---

| 21 August
17:10 | **Kazakhstan** | **12**11 | Japan | Gelora Bung Karno Aquatic Stadium, Jakarta
**Referees:**
Stavridis (GRE), Štampalija (CRO) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | **Score by quarters:** 1–0, 3–3, 4–5, 4–3 | | | |
| | Myrzabekova 6 | **Goals** | Magariyama, Hashida 3 | |

## Final standing

| Rank | Team | Pld | W | D | L |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | China | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 |
|  | Kazakhstan | 5 | 4 | 0 | 1 |
|  | Japan | 5 | 3 | 0 | 2 |
| 4 | Thailand | 5 | 2 | 0 | 3 |
| 5 | Indonesia | 5 | 1 | 0 | 4 |
| 6 | Hong Kong | 5 | 0 | 0 | 5 |

## InfoBox

| Women
at the 2018 Asian Games | |
| --- | --- |
| Venue | Gelora Bung Karno Aquatic Stadium |
| Date | 16–21 August 2018 |
| Competitors | 78 from 6 nations |
| Medalists | |
|  | |
|


title: Samuel Pickwick

abstract: Samuel Pickwick is a fictional character and the main protagonist in The Pickwick Papers (1836), the first novel by author Charles Dickens. One of the author's most famous and loved creations, Pickwick is a retired successful businessman and is the founder and chairman of the Pickwick Club, a club formed to explore places remote from London and investigate the quaint and curious phenomena of life found there.

text:
# Samuel Pickwick

**Samuel Pickwick** is a fictional character and the main protagonist in *The Pickwick Papers* (1836), the first novel by author Charles Dickens. One of the author's most famous and loved creations, Pickwick is a retired successful businessman and is the founder and chairman of the Pickwick Club, a club formed to explore places remote from London and investigate the quaint and curious phenomena of life found there.

## Character

Mr Pickwick is believed to have been named after the British businessman Eleazer Pickwick (c.17491837). Although he is the main character in *The Pickwick Papers*, Samuel Pickwick is mostly a passive and innocent figure in the story around whom the other more active characters operate. Having an almost childlike simplicity, Pickwick is loyal and protective toward his friends but is often hoodwinked by conmen and poseurs; he can be quick to anger when confronted by the actions of tricksters such as Alfred Jingle. He is always gallant towards women, young and old, but can also be indecisive in his dealings with them. Dickens develops Pickwick's character as the novel evolved from the original concept of the Pickwick Club, a series of comic "cockney sporting plates" by illustrator Robert Seymour. The subsequent suicide of Seymour early in the publication afforded Dickens the opportunity to change both the course of the novel and the character of Pickwick.

In Chapter One of *The Pickwick Papers* Dickens describes Pickwick:

> A casual observer might possibly have remarked nothing extraordinary in the bald head, and circular spectacles, which were intently turned towards his (the secretary’s) face, during the reading of the above resolutions: to those who knew that the gigantic brain of Pickwick was working beneath that forehead, and that the beaming eyes of Pickwick were twinkling behind those glasses, the sight was indeed an interesting one. There sat the man who had traced to their source the mighty ponds of Hampstead, and agitated the scientific world with his Theory of Tittlebats ... The eloquent Pickwick, with one hand gracefully concealed behind his coat tails, and the other waving in air to assist his glowing declamation; his elevated position revealing those tights and gaiters, which, had they clothed an ordinary man, might have passed without observation, but which, when Pickwick clothed them—if we may use the expression—inspired involuntary awe and respect.

## The Pickwick Club

To extend his researches into the quaint and curious phenomena of life, Pickwick creates the Pickwick Club and suggests that he and three other "Pickwickians" (Mr Nathaniel Winkle, Mr Augustus Snodgrass and Mr Tracy Tupman) should make journeys to places remote from London and report on their findings to the other members of the club.

Pickwick careens from one comic disaster to another in pursuit of adventure or honour attended by the other members of the Pickwick Club. Pickwick becomes involved in several sub-plots in the novel, including thwarting Jingle's various money-making matrimonial schemes, and assisting his friend Winkle in eloping with Arabella Allen.

Pickwick encounters troubles during his adventures because, as one of nature's innocents, he is unaware of the presence of deception and tricksters such as Jingle in the real world. By the end of the novel he has received an education in morality and is filled with goodness and Christian charity towards his fellow man - and woman. Always on hand to save the day is his able manservant Sam Weller; the relationship between the idealistic and unworldly Pickwick and the astute cockney Weller has been likened to that between Don Quixote and Sancho Panza. By the end of the novel Pickwick looks upon Sam Weller almost as a son, a feeling which is reciprocated by Sam.

## Bardell v. Pickwick

Another sub-plot in the novel is the romantic misunderstanding between Pickwick and his landlady Mrs Bardell that results in one of the most famous legal cases in English literature, the breach of promise to marry suit *Bardell v. Pickwick*. When Pickwick discusses with Mrs Bardell his idea of taking a servant (Sam Weller), expressing the view that three may eat as cheaply as two, she mistakes this for a marriage proposal and accepting his 'offer', much to his dismay, faints into his arms, possibly deliberately, as his three friends Winkle, Snodgrass and Tupman walk through the door and witness the scene:

When Pickwick refuses to marry her Mrs Bardell is persuaded by the unscrupulous lawyers Dodson and Fogg into bringing a legal suit against Pickwick. During the trial at the Guildhall Sittings in London before Mr. Justice Stareleigh, Mr. Serjeant Buzfuz prosecutes Pickwick and bullies the witnesses into giving incriminating testimony, leading to Pickwick being falsely convicted. The height of Pickwick's moral and spiritual development occurs at the Fleet Prison where he is imprisoned for refusing to pay Mrs Bardell's damages and costs. Here Pickwick encounters his nemesis Alfred Jingle as a fellow resident. Moved with compassion, Pickwick forgives him and charitably bails him out and later arranges for Jingle and his servant Job Trotter to pursue their fortune in the West Indies.

When Mrs. Bardell herself is sent to the Fleet Prison Pickwick learns that the only way he can relieve her suffering is by paying her costs in the action against himself, thus at the same time releasing himself from the prison.

## Media portrayals

### Portrayals in adaptations

In film, television and on stage Mr Pickwick has been portrayed by:

### Other media

* In the Disneyland ride *The Haunted Mansion*, the ghost of a drunken, plump little man in Victorian garb, holding a bottle of wine, can be seen swinging from the chandelier in the ballroom tableau. Blueprints and concept art identify the character as "Pickwick", most likely in reference to Dickens's character.

## Legacy

The French composer Claude Debussy dedicated to this character a humorous piano piece: *Hommage à S. Pickwick Esq. P.P.M.P.C.* (n. 9 of *Préludes*, *2ème Livre*, published 1913).

Pickwick Island is the largest of the Pitt Islands, in the Biscoe Islands, Antarctica. It was named by the United Kingdom Antarctic Place-Names Committee (UK-APC) in 1959 after Samuel Pickwick, founder of the Pickwick Club.

## InfoBox

| Samuel Pickwick | |
| --- | --- |
| *The Pickwick Papers* character | |
| Mr.Pickwick illustrated by 'Kyd' (1889) | |
| Created by | Charles Dickens |
| In-universe information | |
| Gender | Male |
| Occupation | Chairman of the Pickwick Club |
| Nationality | English |


title: Sonnet 32

abstract: Sonnet 32 is one of 154 sonnets written by the English playwright and poet William Shakespeare. It is a member of the Fair Youth sequence, in which the poet expresses his love towards a young man. The writer is reflecting on a future in which the young man will probably outlive him. The writer takes a melancholy tone, telling the young man to remember the writer not because of the strength of the sonnets, but because the love that has been shown to the young man far surpasses any love shown by another poet.

text:
# Sonnet 32

**Sonnet 32** is one of 154 sonnets written by the English playwright and poet William Shakespeare. It is a member of the Fair Youth sequence, in which the poet expresses his love towards a young man. The writer is reflecting on a future in which the young man will probably outlive him. The writer takes a melancholy tone, telling the young man to remember the writer not because of the strength of the sonnets, but because the love that has been shown to the young man far surpasses any love shown by another poet.

## Speaker and subject

Shakespeare's sonnets are typically classified in reference to speaker and subject. Sonnet 32 is commonly accepted as a "handsome youth" sonnet. This classification as a handsome youth sonnet is significant as it characterizes both the speaker and the subject within the sonnet: the speaker, as a man displaying his affection for the subject who is a young, handsome man.

The identity of the speaker is a well debated topic however. Some believe that the speaker is merely a character that Shakespeare has created as an expression of art. However, the speaker is often thought to be Shakespeare himself, thus giving the content of the sonnet a much more personal sentiment. Some depict the voice of the speaker merely as a "construct\[ed\]" character by the author to "generate…reader interest, sympathy, and involvement that deserve closer attention". Thus the speaker is not a reflection of the author but instead an authorial tool to evoke interest from the reader.

In contrast, some critics believe that Shakespeare's sonnets are "autobiograph\[ical\]" and that the two characters within the sonnet are Shakespeare and an unidentified male object of lust or affection.

Ultimately, there is critical disagreement over whether the character of Shakespeare's speaker is ambiguous, Shakespeare himself, or a constructed character.

## Content

Sonnet 32 is highly dependent upon the relationship between the subject and speaker of the sonnet. The speaker of the sonnet reflects upon "his own mortality" in comparing himself to the young man whom he loves, whether romantically or in friendship it is unclear. The speaker refers to himself as the "deceased lover" which is significant as it highlights the age difference between the two men, a perpetual theme throughout Sonnet 32 as well as the rest of the handsome youth sonnets. After accepting, his eventual death, the speaker takes on a "self-deprecating" tone referring to his poetry as "poor rude lines" (4) and beseeching the youth to remember him after his death. This emphasis on his failure in poetry is imperative as it frames the rest of the sonnet and the speaker's request for the young man to remember him "for his love" (14).

The nature of this love is in disagreement however. While some critics believe that the love the speaker refers to is in actuality a "romantic" love, others are convinced that the "love" (14) referred to is a "platonic love". Regardless of the type of love that is illustrated within the sonnet, romantic or platonic, the love declaration should be considered significant as it characterizes the speaker's tone and content. However, the audience should "take with a pinch of salt" the seemingly modest self-denunciation and claims of inadequacy put forth by the speaker; due to the fact that they are simply a means by which the speaker emphasizes his affection for the subject.

Subsequently, the content of Sonnet 32 is dependent upon the outlook of the speaker and the love he feels for the subject.

## Structure

Sonnet 32 is written in the English (Shakespearean) sonnet form. It consists of 14 lines: 3 quatrains followed by a couplet. The metrical line is iambic pentameter with the rhyme scheme ABAB CDCD EFEF GG. Literary critic George T. Wright observes how iambic pentameter, "however highly patterned its syntax, is by nature asymmetrical – like human speech". Thus, the organization of a sonnet exists so that meaning may be found in its variation.

The first two lines contrast metrically:

```
×    /   ×  /    ×  /    ×  /  ×   /
If thou survive my well-contented day,

  ×    ×    /    /     ×  /     ×    /     ×    /(×)
When that churl Death my bones with dust shall cover (32.1-2)

```
/ = *ictus*, a metrically strong syllabic position. × = *nonictus*. (×) = extrametrical syllable.

While the first is quite regular, the second has a final extrametrical syllable or *feminine ending*, as well as its initial ictus moved to the right (resulting in a four-position figure, `× × / /`, sometimes referred to as a *minor ionic*).

The purpose of a Shakespearean couplet is to analyze and summarize the author's experience, as well as, to describe and enact it. In regards to the relationship of quatrain to couplet, "one must distinguish the fictive speaker (even when he represents himself as a poet) from Shakespeare the author". This is particularly significant in Sonnet 32 because the fictive author reflects on his ability to write poetry.

The structure of Sonnet 32 can be interpreted in light of its relationship to time. "The exact match created between events as foreseen by the poet (his death, the increasing poetic sophistication of the age and consequently of the beloved's taste) and the beloved's conjectured thought as he rereads the poet's verse makes intelligible Shakespeare's choice of a structure of superposition (in which lines 9-14 \[beloved's thought\] repeat lines 3-8 \[speaker's wish\])."

* Baldwin, T. W. (1950). *On the Literary Genetics of Shakspeare's Sonnets*. University of Illinois Press, Urbana.
* Hubler, Edwin (1952). *The Sense of Shakespeare's Sonnets*. Princeton University Press, Princeton.
* Schoenfeldt, Michael (2007). *The Sonnets: The Cambridge Companion to Shakespeare's Poetry*. Patrick Cheney, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
* Michael West. Shakespeare Quarterly, Vol. 25, No. 1 (Winter, 1974), pp. 109–122. Folger Shakespeare Library in association with George Washington University

First edition and facsimile   Variorum editions   Modern critical editions

## InfoBox

| Sonnet 32 | |
| --- | --- |
| Sonnet 32 in the 1609 Quarto | |
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