title: List of songs recorded by K. L. Saigal

abstract: K. L. Saigal was an Indian playback singer and actor who acted but also sang in Hindi and Bengali films and was active from 1932 to 1947. He is cited as the first "superstar" of Indian Cinema with films like President, Devdas and Street Singer leaving an impact on Hindi film music. He sang a total of 185 songs which included film, non-film, ghazals, Hindi/Urdu, Bengali, Punjabi, Tamil and Persian songs. However, only 170 songs still survive. Saigal was introduced to B. N. Sircar by R. C. Boral and Pankaj Mullick, who had met him at an impromptu evening singing session. Sircar cast Saigal in his debut role as the main lead in Mohabbat Ke Ansu (1932). The same year he acted in Zinda Lash (1932), and Subah Ka Sitara (1932), both films were produced by Sircar's New Theatres Ltd. Calcutta and directed by Premankur Atorthy. Saigal's earliest recorded song is "Jhulana Jhulao Ri" in Dev Ghandharva Raga for Hindustan Records. In Yahudi Ki Ladki (1933) Saigal's singing of Ghalib's ghazal "Nuktacheen Hai Ghame Dil" composed by Pankaj Mullick in Raga Bhimpalasi, is considered a classic rendition. Chandidas (1934) was New Theatres first big success with the song "Prem Nagar Mein Banaoongi Ghar Main" becoming popular. In 1935, Saigal acted in the Hindi version of P. C. Barua's Devdas (1935) in the title role. The film, with its songs "Baalam Aaye Baso Morey Man Mein" and "Dukh Ke Ab Din Beetat Nahin" sung by Saigal, is cited as a "milestone" in Indian cinema, and made Saigal, New Theatres first superstar. The song "Piye Ja Aur Piye Ja" from Pujarin (1936) was recorded without any rehearsal. Composed in Raga Khamaj with a mix of waltz and western orchestra, the song "enchanted listeners". "President" (1937), cited as Saigal's finest film had one of his "memorable" songs "Ik Bangla Bane Nyara". Songs like "Babul Mora Naihar Chhooto Hi Jaaye" from Street Singer (1938), "Karun Kya Aas Niras Bhai" from Dushman (1939), "Soja Rajkumari Soja from Zindagi (1940), "Diya Jalao" from Tansen (1943), "Gham Diye Mustakil" from ShahJahan (1946), and bhajans like "Madhukar Shyam hamare chor", "Sar Par Kadamb Ki Chhaiyan", "Maiya Mori Main Nahi Maakhan Khayo" from Bhakta Surdas (1942), cited as "unforgettable bhajans" affirmed him as "an immortal singer".

text:
# List of songs recorded by K. L. Saigal

**K. L. Saigal** (11 April 1904 – 18 January 1947) was an Indian playback singer and actor who acted but also sang in Hindi and Bengali films and was active from 1932 to 1947. He is cited as the first "superstar" of Indian Cinema with films like *President*, *Devdas* and *Street Singer* leaving an impact on Hindi film music. He sang a total of 185 songs which included film, non-film, ghazals, Hindi/Urdu, Bengali, Punjabi, Tamil and Persian songs. However, only 170 songs still survive. Saigal was introduced to B. N. Sircar by R. C. Boral and Pankaj Mullick, who had met him at an impromptu evening singing session. Sircar cast Saigal in his debut role as the main lead in *Mohabbat Ke Ansu* (1932). The same year he acted in *Zinda Lash* (1932), and *Subah Ka Sitara* (1932), both films were produced by Sircar's New Theatres Ltd. Calcutta and directed by Premankur Atorthy.

Saigal's earliest recorded song is "Jhulana Jhulao Ri" in Dev Ghandharva Raga for Hindustan Records. In *Yahudi Ki Ladki* (1933) Saigal's singing of Ghalib's ghazal "Nuktacheen Hai Ghame Dil" composed by Pankaj Mullick in Raga Bhimpalasi, is considered a classic rendition. *Chandidas* (1934) was New Theatres first big success with the song "Prem Nagar Mein Banaoongi Ghar Main" becoming popular.

In 1935, Saigal acted in the Hindi version of P. C. Barua's *Devdas* (1935) in the title role. The film, with its songs "Baalam Aaye Baso Morey Man Mein" and "Dukh Ke Ab Din Beetat Nahin" sung by Saigal, is cited as a "milestone" in Indian cinema, and made Saigal, New Theatres first superstar. The song "Piye Ja Aur Piye Ja" from *Pujarin* (1936) was recorded without any rehearsal. Composed in Raga Khamaj with a mix of waltz and western orchestra, the song "enchanted listeners". "President" (1937), cited as Saigal's finest film had one of his "memorable" songs "Ik Bangla Bane Nyara". Songs like "Babul Mora Naihar Chhooto Hi Jaaye" from *Street Singer* (1938), "Karun Kya Aas Niras Bhai" from *Dushman* (1939), "Soja Rajkumari Soja from *Zindagi* (1940), "Diya Jalao" from *Tansen* (1943), "Gham Diye Mustakil" from *ShahJahan* (1946), and bhajans like "Madhukar Shyam hamare chor", "Sar Par Kadamb Ki Chhaiyan" (Raag Bhairavi), "Maiya Mori Main Nahi Maakhan Khayo" from Bhakta Surdas (1942), cited as "unforgettable bhajans" affirmed him as "an immortal singer".

## Hindi Film Songs

| Contents |
| --- |
| 1932 **·** 1933 **·** 1934 **·** 1935 **·** 1936 **·** 1938 **·** 1940 **·** 1941 **·** 1942 **·** 1943 **·** 1944 **·** 1945 **·** 1946 **·** 1947 |

He is one of the best-known and most respected playback singers in India.

Key
|  | Denotes films that have no record of K. L. Saigal songs |
| --- | --- |

| Film | Song | Composer | Lyricist | Director | ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *Mohabbat Ke Ansu* (1932) |  | R. C. Boral |  | Premankur Atorthy |  |
| *Zinda Lash* (1932) |  | R. C. Boral |  | Premankur Atorthy |  |
| *Subah Ka Sitara* (1932) |  | R. C. Boral |  | Premankur Atorthy |  |
| *Yahudi Ki Ladki* (1933) | "Ye Tasarruf Allah Allah Tere Maikhane Mein Hai" | Pankaj Mullick | Agha Hashar Kashmiri | Premankur Atorthy |  |
| | "Lag Gayi Chot Karejwa Mein" | Pankaj Mullick | Agha Hashar Kashmiri |  |  |
| | "Lakh Sahi Hain Pi Ki Batiyan" | Pankaj Mullick | Agha Hashar Kashmiri |  |  |
| | "Nuktacheen Hai Ghame-Dil" | Pankaj Mullick | Mirza Ghalib |  |  |
| *Puran Bhagat* (1933) | "Din Neeke Beete Jaate Hain" | R. C. Boral |  | Debaki Bose |  |
| | "Avsar Beeto Jaat Praani" | R. C. Boral |  |  |  |
| | "Radhe Rani De Daaro Na Bansari Mori Re" | R. C. Boral |  |  |  |
| | "Bhaju Main To Bhaav Se Shiri Giridhari" | R. C. Boral |  |  |  |
| *Rajrani Meera* (1933) |  | R. C. Boral |  | Debaki Bose |  |
| *Dulari Bibi* (1933) |  | R. C. Boral |  | Debaki Bose |  |
| *Chandidas* (1934) | "Tadpat Beete Din Rain" | R. C. Boral | Agha Hashar Kashmiri | Nitin Bose |  |
| | "Prem Ki Ho Jai Jai" (with Pahari Sanyal, Uma Shashi) | R. C. Boral |  |  |  |
| | "Prem Ka Pujari" | R. C. Boral |  |  |  |
| *Daku Mansoor* (1934) |  | R. C. Boral |  | Nitin Bose |  |
| *Mohabbat Ki Kasauti* (1934) |  | R. C. Boral | Bani Kumar | P. C. Barua |  |
| *Karwan-E-Hayat* (1934) | "Dil Se Teri Nigah" | R. C. Boral, Mihir Kiran Bhattacharya | Ahmad Shuja Pasha | Premankur Atorthy |  |
| | "Hairat -E- Nazar Aakhir" | R. C. Boral, M. K. Bhattacharya | Ahmad Shuja Pasha |  |  |
| | "Koi Preet Ki Reet Bata De" with Pahari Sanyal | R. C. Boral, M. K. Bhattacharya | Ahmad Shuja Pasha |  |  |
| | "Shehron Mein Wo Baat Kahaan" | R. C. Boral, M. K. Bhattacharya | Ahmad Shuja Pasha |  |  |
| *Devdas* (1935) | "Baalam Aaye Baso Morey Man Mein" | R. C. Boral | Kidar Sharma | P. C. Barua |  |
| | "Dukh Ke Ab Din Beetat Nahin" | R. C. Boral | Kidar Sharma |  |  |
| | "Piya Bin Na Aawat Chain" | R. C. Boral | Kidar Sharma |  |  |
| *Pujarin* (1936) | "Jo Beet Chuki So Beet Chuki" | Timir Baran | Kidar Sharma | Prafulla Roy |  |
| | "Piye Ja Aur piye Ja Akbat Ki Baatein Jaane Koi Kya" | Timir Baran | Kidar Sharma |  |  |
| *Karodpati* (1936) | "O Dilruba Kahaan Tak Zulm-O-Sitam Sahenge" (with Pahari Sanyal) | R. C. Boral, Pankaj Mullick | Kidar Sharma | Hemchander Chunder |  |
| | "Jo Naukri Dila De B. A. Bananewale Bigdi Hui Bana De" with Sanyal | Boral, Mullick | Kidar Sharma |  |  |
| | "Jagat Mein Prem Hi Prem Bhara Hai" with Sanyal | Boral, Mullick | Kidar Sharma |  |  |
| | "Jagat Mein Prem Hi Prem Bhara Hai" | Boral, Mullick | Kidar Sharma |  |  |
| *Dushman* (1939) | "Karoon Kya Aas Niraas Bhayi" | Pankaj Mullick | Arzu Lucknawi | Nitin Bose |  |
| | "Preet Mein Hai Jeevan Jokhum" | Pankaj Mullick | Arzu Lucknawi |  |  |
| | "Pyari Pyari Soorto" | Pankaj Mullick | Arzu Lucknawi |  |  |
| | "Sitam Thay Zulm Thay Aafat Thay" | Pankaj Mullick | Arzu Lucknawi |  |  |
| *Zindagi* (1940) | "Hey Diwana Hoon, Diwana Hoon" | Pankaj Mullick | Kidar Sharma | P. C. Barua |  |
| | "Jeevan Asha Ye Hai Meri" | Pankaj Mullick | Arzu Lucknawi |  |  |
| | "Main Kya Jaanu Kya Jaadu Hai" | Pankaj Mullick | Kidar Sharma |  |  |
| | "So Ja Rajkumari So Ja" | Pankaj Mullick | Kidar Sharma |  |  |
| Lagan (1941) | "Kaise Katein Ratiyaan Balam" | R. C. Boral | Arzu Lucknawi | Nitin Bose |  |
| | "Kaahe Ko Raad Machayi" | R. C. Boral | Arzu Lucknawi |  |  |
| | "Koi Manushya Kitna Hi Bura Ho" | R. C. Boral | Arzu Lucknawi |  |  |
| | "Main Sote Bhaag Jaga Doonga" | R. C. Boral | Arzu Lucknawi |  |  |
| | "Ye Kaisa Anyaya Daata" | R. C. Boral | Arzu Lucknawi |  |  |
| | "Hatt Gayi Lo Kaari Ghata" | R. C. Boral | Arzu Lucknawi |  |  |
| Bhakta Surdas (1942) | "Madhukar Shyam Hamare Chor" | Gyan Dutt | D. N. Madhok | Chaturbhuj Doshi |  |
| | "Kadam Chale Aage, Mann Paachhe Bhaage" | Gyan Dutt | D. N. Madhok |  |  |
| | "Nisdin Barsat Nain Hamaare" | Gyan Dutt | D. N. Madhok |  |  |
| | "Nainheen Ko Raah Dikha Prabhu" | Gyan Dutt | D. N. Madhok |  |  |
| | "Manwa Krishna Naam Ratt Ga" | Gyan Dutt | D. N. Madhok |  |  |
| | "Rain Gayi Ab Huva Savera" | Gyan Dutt | D. N. Madhok |  |  |
| | "Maiya Mori Main Nahin Maakhan Khaayo" | Gyan Dutt | D. N. Madhok |  |  |
| | "Chandni Raat Aur Taare Khile Hon" (with Khursheed) | Gyan Dutt | D. N. Madhok |  |  |
| | "Din Se Dugni Ho Jaayein Ratiyan" | Gyan Dutt | D. N. Madhok |  |  |
| | "Jis Jogi Ka Jog Liya" | Gyan Dutt | D. N. Madhok |  |  |
| | "Sar Pe Kadamb Ki Chhaiya" (with Rajkumari) | Gyan Dutt | D. N. Madhok |  |  |
| *Tansen* (1943) | "Kaahe Gumaan Kare Ri Gori" | Khemchand Prakash | Pandit Indra | Jayant Desai |  |
| | "Baag Laga Doon Sajni" | Khemchand Prakash | Pandit Indra |  |  |
| | "Sapt Suran Teen Graam Gaavo" | Khemchand Prakash | Pandit Indra |  |  |
| | "Din Soona Deepak Bina" | Khemchand Prakash | Pandit Indra |  |  |
| | "Bina Pankh Panchhi Hoon Main" | Khemchand Prakash | Pandit Indra |  |  |
| | "More Baalapan Ke Sathi" | Khemchand Prakash | Pandit Indra |  |  |
| | "Rumjhum Rumjhum Chaal Tihaari" | Khemchand Prakash | Pandit Indra |  |  |
| Meri Bahen (My Sister) (1944) | "Chhupo Na Chhupo Na Pyari Sajaniya" | Pankaj Mullick | Pandit Bhushan | Hemchandra Chunder |  |
| | "Do Naina Matware Tihare" | Pankaj Mullick | Pandit Bhushan |  |  |
| | "Ae Qaatib-E-Taqdeer Mujhe" | Pankaj Mullick | Pandit Bhushan |  |  |
| | "Haaye Kis But Ki Mohabbat Mein" | Pankaj Mullick | Pandit Bhushan |  |  |
| *Bhanwara* (1944) | "Kya Hamne Bigada Hai" (with Amirbai Karnataki) | Khemchand Prakash | Kidar Sharma | Kidar Sharma |  |
| | "Diya Jisne Dil Lut Gaya Wo Bechara" | Khemchand Prakash | Kidar Sharma |  |  |
| | "Ye Woh Jagah Hai Jahaan Ghar Lutaaye Jaate Hain" | Khemchand Prakash | Kidar Sharma |  |  |
| | "Muskurate Huye Yun Aankh Churaya Na Karo" | Khemchand Prakash | Kidar Sharma |  |  |
| | "Hum Apna Unhein Bana Na Sake" | Khemchand Prakash | Kidar Sharma |  |  |
| | "Thukra Rahi Hai Duniya" | Khemchand Prakash | Kidar Sharma |  |  |
| *Kurukshetra* (1945) | "Aayi Hai Tu Toh Kaise Dil Apna Dikhaun Main" | Ganpat Rao | Jameel Mazhari | Rameshwar Sharma |  |
| | "Tu Aa Gayi, Dil Ki Tamanna Jaag Uthi" | Ganpat Rao | Jameel Mazhari |  |  |
| | "Kidhar Hai Tu Ae Meri Tamanna" | Ganpat Rao | Jameel Mazhari |  |  |
| | "Mohabbat Ke Gul Hain Haaye Tar Goondhta Hoon" | Ganpat Rao | Jameel Mazhari |  |  |
| *Tadbir* (1945) | "Chaahe Tu Mita De" | Lal Mohammed | Swami Ramanand Saraswati | Jayant Desai |  |
| | "Hasratein Khamosh Hain Aur Aah Batasir Hai" | Lal Mohammed | Swami Ramanand Saraswati |  |  |
| | "Main Qismat Ka Mara Bhagwan" | Lal Mohammed | Swami Ramanand Saraswati |  |  |
| | "Rani Khol De Apne Dwar" (with Suraiya) | Lal Mohammed | Swami Ramanand Saraswati |  |  |
| | "Main Panchhi Azad" | Lal Mohammed | Swami Ramanand Saraswati |  |  |
| | "Janam Janam Ka Dukhiya Prani" | Lal Mohammed | Swami Ramanand Saraswati |  |  |
| Omar Khaiyyam (1946) | "Insaan, Kyun Rota Hai Insan" | Lal Mohammed | Safdar Aah Sitapuri | Mohan Sinha |  |
| | "Hare Bhare Bagh Ke Phoolon Pe Rija Khayyam" | Lal Mohammed | Safdar Aah Sitapuri |  |  |
| | "Allah Hu Allah Hu" | Lal Mohammed | Safdar Aah Sitapuri |  |  |
| *Shahjehan* (1946) | "Mere Sapnon Ki Rani" | Naushad | Majrooh Sultanpuri | Abdul Rashid Kardar |  |
| | "Kar Leejiye Chal Kar Meri Jannat Ke Nazare" | Naushad | Majrooh Sultanpuri |  |  |
| | "Ae Dil-e-Beqarar Jhoom" | Naushad | Khumar Barabankvi |  |  |
| | "Chaah Barbad Karegi Hamein Maaloom Na Tha" | Naushad | Khumar Barabankvi |  |  |
| | "Gham Diye Mustaqil" | Naushad | Majrooh Sultanpuri |  |  |
| | "Jab Dil Hi Toot Gaya" | Naushad | Majrooh Sultanpuri |  |  |
| *Parwana* (1947) | "Us Mast Nazar Pe Padi Jo Nazar" | Khurshid Anwar | D. N. Madhok | J. K. Nanda |  |
| | "Mohabbat Mein Kabhi Aisi Bhi Haalat Pai Jaati Hai" | Khurshid Anwar | D. N. Madhok, Naqshab |  |  |
| | "Ae Phool Hanske Bagh Mein" | Khurshid Anwar | D. N. Madhok |  |  |
| | "Toot Gaye Sab Sapne Mere" | Khurshid Anwar | D. N. Madhok, Naqshab and Tanvir Naqvi |  |  |
| | "Jine Ka Dhang Sikhaaye Ja" | Khurshid Anwar | D. N. Madhok |  |  |

## Bengali Songs

| Film | Song | Composer | Lyricist | Director | ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *Devdas* (1935) | "Golap Hoye Uthuk Phutey" | Timir Baran, R. C. Boral, Pankaj Mullick |  | P. C. Barua |  |
| | "Kaharey Je Joratey Chaye" |  |  |  |  |
| *Bijoya* (1936) | "Mone-pabaner Dinga Baiya Bandhur Desey Ja" |  |  |  |  |
| *Didi* (1937) | "Raajaar Kumaar Pakshiraaje" | R. C. Boral, Pankaj Mullick | Ajoy Bhattacharya | Nitin Bose |  |
| | "Swapan Dekhi Probaal Dwipe" | R. C. Boral, Pankaj Mullick | Ajoy Bhattacharya |  |  |
| | "Prem Nahe More Mridu" | R. C. Boral, Pankaj Mullick | Ajoy Bhattacharya |  |  |
| | "Premer Pujaaye Eyito Labhili Phal" | R. C. Boral, Pankaj Mullick | Ajoy Bhattacharya |  |  |
| *Desher Mati* (1938) | "Baandhinu Michhe Ghar Bhulero" | Pankaj Mullick |  | Nitin Bose |  |
| *Sathi* | "Jhumar Jhumar Nupur Baaje" | R. C. Boral | Ajoy Bhattacharya | Phani Majumdar |  |
| | "Ae Gaan Tomaar Sheesh" | R. C. Boral | Ajoy Bhattacharya |  |  |
| *Jiban Maran* | "Ami Tomay Jato Shuniyechhilem" | Pankaj Mullick | Rabindrasangeet | Nitin Bose |  |
| | "Yi Peyechhi Anala Jaalaa Taare Shudhu Chai" | Pankaj Mullick | Ajoy Bhattacharya |  |  |
| | "Paakhi Aaj Kon Katha Koy Shunish Kirey" | Pankaj Mullick | Ajoy Bhattacharya |  |  |
| | "Shuni Daakey Morey" | Pankaj Mullick | Ajoy Bhattacharya |  |  |
| | "Tomar Binaye Gaan Chhilo Aar Aamar" | Pankaj Mullick | Rabindrasangeet |  |  |
| Non-film | Jakhan Rabona Ami Din Holey Aboshan |  |  |  |  |
| | "Ek Tuku Chhoa Laage" |  | Rabindrasangeet |  |  |

## Non-film Songs

| Contents |
| --- |
| Ghazal **·** Bhajan **·** Song **·** Punjabi **·** Persian **·** Tamil |

| Type | Song | Lyricist | ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Ghazal | "Aah Ko Chaahiye Ik Umr Asar Hone Tak" | Ghalib |  |
| | "Dil Se Teri Nigah Jigar Tak Utar Gayi" | Ghalib |  |
| | "Ishq Mujhko Nahin Wahshat Hi Sahi" | Ghalib |  |
| | "Har Ek Baat Pe Kehte Ho Tum Ke Tu Kya Hai" | Ghalib |  |
| | "Ibne Mariyam Hua Kare Koi" | Ghalib |  |
| | "Phir Mujhe Deeda-E-Tar Yaad Aaya" | Ghalib |  |
| | "Woh Aa Ke Kwab Mein Taskin-E-Iztaraab Toh De" | Ghalib |  |
| | "Shama Ka Jalna Hai Ya Sozshe-Parwana Hai" | Kidar Sharma |  |
| | "Ab Kya Bataun Main Tere Milne Se Kya Mila" | Seemab Akbarabadi |  |
| | "Ae Bekhabari Dil Ko Deewana Bana Dena" | Seemab Akbarabadi |  |
| | "Baqadr-E-Shauq Iqrar-E-Wafa Kya" | Seemab Akbarabadi |  |
| | "Duniya Mein Hoon Duniya Ka Talabgaar Nahin Hoon" | Seemab Akbarabadi |  |
| | "Ishq Khud Maile-Hijaab Hai Aaj" | Seemab Akbarabadi |  |
| | "Jaag Aur Dekh Zara Alam-E-Veeraan Mera" | Seemab Akbarabadi |  |
| | "Jalvagaah-E-Dil Men Marate Hi Andhera Ho Gaya" | Seemab Akbarabadi |  |
| | "Ghamza Paikan Hua Jaata Hai" | Bedam |  |
| | "Layi Hayaat Aaye Qaza Le Chali Chale" | Zauq |  |
| | "Apni Hasti Ka Asar Khushnamaya Ho Jaaye" | NA |  |
| | "Bahut Uss Gali Ke Kiye Hain Re Phere" | NA |  |
| | "Ghar Ye Tera Sada Na Mera Hai" | NA |  |
| | "Idhar Phir Bhi Aana Udhar Jaane Waale" | NA |  |
| | "Kaun Virane Mein Dekhega Bahar" |  |  |
| | "Rehmat Pe Teri Mere Gunahon Ko Naaz Hai" | NA |  |
| | "Shukriya Hasti Ka Lekin Tumne Ye Kya Kar Diya" | NA |  |
| | "Woh Aake Khwab Mein Taskeen-E-Iztiraab Toh De" | NA |  |
| Bhajan | "Suno Suno Hey Krishna Kala |  |  |
| | "Hari Bin Koi Kaam Na Aayo" |  |  |
| | "Kaun Bujhave Ram Tapat More Mann Ki Ho Rama" |  |  |
| | "Jin Jao Ri Gori Paniya Bharan" |  |  |
| | "Main Jo Dinan Ki Thhori" |  |  |
| | "Hori O Brajraj Dulare" |  |  |
| | "Radhe Rani Daro Na Bansuri Bole" |  |  |
| | "Main To Dinan Ki Chhori" |  |  |
| Geet/Song | "Main Baithi Thi Phulwari Mein" | K. L. Saigal |  |
| | "Humjoliyon Ki Thi Toliyaan" | K. L. Saigal |  |
| | "Jhulna Jhulao" |  |  |
| | "Kete Din Aur Kete Din" |  |  |
| | "Panchhi Kaahe Hot Udas" | D. N. Madhok |  |
| Punjabi | Mahi Naal Je Akh Lad Di Kadi Na |  |  |
| | O Sohne Saqiya Meri Gali Vi Phera Paunda Ja |  |  |
| Persian | "Mara Ba Ghamza" |  |  |
| | "Rangeen Tar Az Henhast" |  |  |
| Tamil (film:Devdaasa 1936) | "Koodiye Paaduvai Komala Kiliye" |  |  |
| | "Madan Yevum Kanaiyal Maha Moham" |  |  |

* Raghava R. Menon "The Pilgrim of the Swara" Clarion Books (1978)
* K. L. Saigal (29 January 2015). *Hits of K. L. Saigal Vol 3* (CD). India: Induna.
* K. L. Saigal (30 January 2015). *K.L.Saigal’s Memorable Film Songs,Ghazals And Geets Vol 1-4* (CD). India: Times Music.
* All of the currently available 172 songs of K. L. Saigal, from films and others are here "All Saigal Songs by S. Madani"


title: Pic de Maupas

abstract: The pic de Maupas is a central pyrenean summit, culminating at 3,109 m (10,200 ft) on the Franco-Spanish border.

text:
# Pic de Maupas

The **pic de Maupas** is a central pyrenean summit, culminating at 3,109 m (10,200 ft) on the Franco-Spanish border.

## Toponymy

*Maupas* means "bad passage" because the passage from the Maupas glacier (today disappeared) and the summit slope is a little awkward.

## Geography

Il is located in Aragon in Spain and Haute-Garonne department (France), above Bagnères-de-Luchon.

## Topography

Il domine le cirque des Crabioules et Superbagnères au nord, le vallon de Remugne au sud.

## Geology

The summit is mainly granitic.

## Access

There are many climbing routes. Access is possible on the eastern ridges (from le pic de Boum) and west (from le col des Crabioules, or by intermediate skying slopes). The standard route lies to the north via the refuge du Maupas, then the pass between la Tusse and le pic du Maupas.

## InfoBox

| Pic de Maupas | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 3,109 m (10,200 ft) |
| Coordinates | 42°40′04″N 0°32′44″E / 42.66778°N 0.54556°E / 42.66778; 0.54556 |
| Geography | |
| Pic de MaupasPyrenees | |
| Location | FranceSpain border |
| Région
Communauté | Midi-Pyrénées
Aragon |
| Département
Province | Haute-Garonne
Huesca |
| Parent range | Pyrenees |
| Geology | |
| Mountain type | Granite |
| Climbing | |
| Easiest route | From refuge du Maupas |


title: Point of service plan

abstract: A point of service plan is a type of managed care health insurance plan in the United States. It combines characteristics of the health maintenance organization (HMO) and the preferred provider organization (PPO). The POS is based on a managed care foundation—lower medical costs in exchange for more limited choice. But POS health insurance does differ from other managed care plans. Enrollees in a POS plan are required to choose a primary care physician (PCP) from within the health care network; this PCP becomes their "point of service". The PCP may make referrals outside the network, but with lesser compensation offered by the patient's health insurance company. For medical visits within the health care network, paperwork is usually completed for the patient. If the patient chooses to go outside the network, it is the patient's responsibility to fill out forms, send bills in for payment, and keep an accurate account of health care receipts.

text:
# Point of service plan

A **point of service plan** is a type of managed care health insurance plan in the United States. It combines characteristics of the health maintenance organization (HMO) and the preferred provider organization (PPO).

The POS is based on a managed care foundation—lower medical costs in exchange for more limited choice. But POS health insurance does differ from other managed care plans.

Enrollees in a POS plan are required to choose a primary care physician (PCP) from within the health care network; this PCP becomes their "point of service". The PCP may make referrals outside the network, but with lesser compensation offered by the patient's health insurance company. For medical visits within the health care network, paperwork is usually completed for the patient. If the patient chooses to go outside the network, it is the patient's responsibility to fill out forms, send bills in for payment, and keep an accurate account of health care receipts.

1. United States; Prospective Payment Assessment Commission (1991). "Medicare and the American health care system: a report to the Congress". *Medicare and the American Health Care System: A Report to the Congress*: 99. OCLC 24097034.


title: WGBP-TV

abstract: WGBP-TV is a television station licensed to Opelika, Alabama, United States, affiliated with Merit Street Media. Owned by CNZ Communications, the station broadcasts from a two-site distributed transmission system, with transmitters at Cusseta and Warm Springs, Georgia. Channel 66 was allocated to Opelika in the early 1978 and went on air as WSWS-TV in 1982. It was an independent station for its first two years before airing the programs of the Christian Television Network for a decade. The station returned to secular programming in 1995 as an affiliate of The WB; it moved its programming to a cable channel in the Columbus, Georgia, market in 1998, leaving channel 66 an independent again until then-owner Pappas Telecasting affiliated some of its stations with UPN in 1999. The transmitter was moved from near Opelika to Cusseta, Georgia, in 2005. After The WB and UPN merged into The CW in 2006, channel 66 was an affiliate of that network until a sudden affiliation move in April 2009, amidst the bankruptcy of Pappas. The station was off the air for most of the period from June 2010 to June 2012 and was the last broadcast property held by a liquidating trust for Pappas, finally being sold in 2016 to CNZ Communications. CNZ built the Warm Springs transmitter, placing sufficient signal over parts of the Atlanta metropolitan area and allowing it to ask for must-carry pay television coverage within the far larger Atlanta market.

text:
# WGBP-TV

**WGBP-TV** (channel 66) is a television station licensed to Opelika, Alabama, United States, affiliated with Merit Street Media. Owned by CNZ Communications, the station broadcasts from a two-site distributed transmission system, with transmitters at Cusseta and Warm Springs, Georgia.

Channel 66 was allocated to Opelika in the early 1978 and went on air as WSWS-TV in 1982. It was an independent station for its first two years before airing the programs of the Christian Television Network for a decade. The station returned to secular programming in 1995 as an affiliate of The WB; it moved its programming to a cable channel in the Columbus, Georgia, market in 1998, leaving channel 66 an independent again until then-owner Pappas Telecasting affiliated some of its stations with UPN in 1999. The transmitter was moved from near Opelika to Cusseta, Georgia, in 2005. After The WB and UPN merged into The CW in 2006, channel 66 was an affiliate of that network until a sudden affiliation move in April 2009, amidst the bankruptcy of Pappas. The station was off the air for most of the period from June 2010 to June 2012 and was the last broadcast property held by a liquidating trust for Pappas, finally being sold in 2016 to CNZ Communications. CNZ built the Warm Springs transmitter, placing sufficient signal over parts of the Atlanta metropolitan area and allowing it to ask for must-carry pay television coverage within the far larger Atlanta market.

## History

### In Opelika: Early years

At the petition of Wardean, Inc., the Federal Communications Commission allocated channel 66 to Opelika in 1978. Wardean then filed for and obtained a construction permit for the channel in 1979. However, it opted to wait to start the station because of high interest rates stifling the economy.

WSWS-TV went on the air on May 23, 1982, a week after starting test broadcasts, as an independent station. Two years later, it was sold to the Christian Television Network (CTN) of Largo, Florida, airing Christian ministry programs as well as financial news from the Financial News Network. It was CTN's first television ministry outside of Florida. As a ministry, the station was hindered by its location in Opelika and not the main population center in its coverage area, Columbus, Georgia. When station manager Ron E. Cottle proposed opening a Columbus studio in 1987, neighbors near the planned facility protested its location in a residential area. Its signal was weak on local cable systems, and Phenix City Cable removed the station from its lineup in 1988 to add TNT.

### Affiliations with The WB, UPN, and The CW

After a decade, the station started to emerge from Christian programming. It was sold to RCH Broadcasting, also known as Genesis Broadcasting, of Tampa and affiliated with The WB after taking programming from America One to replace its Christian programs. RCH then sold it to Pappas Telecasting. The WB, however, was not a panacea for its poor signal, which continued to trouble local cable companies that refused to carry the station; a plan to move to the tower of WRBL and WTVM in Cusseta, Georgia, fell through. In 1998, WSWS-TV announced it would switch from The WB to UPN. However, by the fall, UPN still had not moved, though it had lost The WB to a cable channel; in October, UPN programs were only being seen on WCGT-LP (channel 16), which had just gained the UPN affiliation in April. It was not until September 1999 that UPN affiliated with WSWS-TV.

In 2005, the station began to prepare to relocate from its original transmitter site at Salem Hill, near Opelika, to Cusseta, where it was building a new 1,766-foot (538 m) mast and high-power transmission facility near that used by WRBL and WTVM; it also planned to relocate its offices to Columbus. However, the tower suddenly blew over in a storm on February 27. During the rebuild, Pappas proceeded with its relaunch plans, including changing the call sign to WLGA on June 27, 2005. The tower was rebuilt at a height of 1,814-foot (553 m) and brought into service late in 2005. When The WB and UPN merged to form The CW in 2006, WLGA—the only broadcast affiliate between the two networks—became its Columbus-area affiliate as part of a 10-year agreement between the new network and Pappas.

### Loss of CW affiliation

On April 2, 2009, it was announced that The CW would move to a subchannel of NBC affiliate WLTZ beginning April 27. The move came at a perilous moment for Pappas. The company had filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy reorganization in May 2008; while the beginning of the Great Recession was primarily to blame, the company's bankruptcy filing specifically cited The CW's poor ratings.

After operating as an independent, the station's on-air record became spotty while Pappas worked through bankruptcy. On June 4, 2010, Pappas took WLGA off the air citing its bankruptcy and "the scarcity of funds generally" at the venture. It briefly went back on the air beginning June 1, 2011, to retain its license before leaving the air again on June 14, 2011. The station returned to the air in 2012 with WeatherNation and later Antenna TV, but it continued to be in Pappas's liquidating trust. By 2015, just four former Pappas stations had not been sold: the combination of KCWI-TV and KDMI in Des Moines, Iowa, Azteca América-owned flagship station KAZA-TV in Los Angeles, and WLGA.

### CNZ Communications ownership; Atlanta move-in

Pappas finally liquidated WLGA in 2016 by selling it to CNZ Communications for $500,000.

CNZ invested in adding a second transmitter at Warm Springs, Georgia, converting the station into a distributed transmission system (DTS). The primary purpose of this was to extend the station's signal to include the Atlanta area, a move that allowed CNZ to successfully petition Nielsen Media Research to reclassify the station into the Atlanta designated market area in September 2020. At that time, the call sign changed to WGBP-TV. In January 2022, the FCC denied a carriage complaint made by WGBP-TV against satellite TV provider DirecTV, but it signaled that the station would qualify for must-carry status in both Columbus and Atlanta during the next round of retransmission consent elections.

## Subchannels

The station's signal is multiplexed:

Subchannels of WGBP-TV
| Channel | Res. | Aspect | Short name | Programming |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 66.1 | 720p | 16:9 | WGBPTV | Merit Street Media |
| 66.2 | | 480i | Twist | blank |
| | | 66.3 | Quest | Quest |
| | | 66.4 | HSN | HSN |
| | | 66.5 | QVC | QVC |
| | | 66.7 | TRUCRIM | True Crime Network |
| | | 66.8 | QVC2 | QVC2 |
| | | 66.9 | DigiTV | blank |
| | | 66.10 | Majesta | Majestad TV |
| | 66.11 | 4:3 | ShopLC | Shop LC |
| | 66.12 | CRTV | Infomercials |

## InfoBox

WGBP-TV
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| City | Opelika, Alabama |
| Channels |  |
| Branding | WGBP-TV |
| Programming | |
| Affiliations |  |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | * CNZ Communications, LLC * (CNZ Communications SE, LLC) |
| History | |
| First air date | May 23, 1982 (1982-05-23) |
| Former call signs | * WSWS-TV (1982–2005) * WLGA (2005–2020) * WGBP (2020) |
| Former channel number(s) | * **Analog:** 66 (UHF, 1982–2009) * **Digital:** 47 (UHF, 2009–2013), 30 (UHF, 2013–2019) |
| Former affiliations |  |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 11113 |
| ERP |  |
| HAAT | * **DTS1:** 537 m (1,762 ft) * **DTS2:** 424 m (1,391 ft) |
| Transmitter coordinates |  |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Website | wgbptv.com |


title: Vascellum

abstract: Vascellum is a genus of puffball fungi in the family Agaricaceae. The genus was defined by Czech mycologist František Šmarda in 1958.

text:
# Vascellum

***Vascellum*** is a genus of puffball fungi in the family Agaricaceae. The genus was defined by Czech mycologist František Šmarda in 1958.

## Species

## InfoBox

| *Vascellum* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Vascellum lloydianum* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Agaricales |
| Family: | Agaricaceae |
| Genus: | ***Vascellum***
F.Šmarda (1958) |
|
| Type species | |
| *Vascellum depressum*
(Bonord.) F.Šmarda (1958) | |
| Synonyms | |
| * *Lycoperdon* subgen. *Vascellum* (F.Šmarda) Jeppson & E.Larss. (2008) | |


title: Little Tobago, British Virgin Islands

abstract: Little Tobago is an uninhabited island of the British Virgin Islands in the Caribbean, located, along with sister island Great Tobago, approximately 3.6 nautical miles west of Jost Van Dyke. The Tobagos are the westernmost of the British Virgin Islands. At 55 acres (22 ha) in size, it is surrounded by steep cliffs that also extend below the water. Since the 1990s, Great Tobago, Little Tobago islands, and nearby Mercurious and Watson Rocks are protected as part of the National Parks Trust. There are over fifteen scuba diving sites. Though it's legal to snorkel and dive around the island, it is illegal to anchor because all potential anchoring locations are coral reefs that would be destroyed by an anchor. Large fines can occur if you violate this no-anchor zone, which is frequently patrolled by the BVI Marine Police.

text:
# Little Tobago, British Virgin Islands

**Little Tobago** is an uninhabited island of the British Virgin Islands in the Caribbean, located, along with sister island Great Tobago, approximately 3.6 nautical miles west of Jost Van Dyke. The Tobagos are the westernmost of the British Virgin Islands.

At 55 acres (22 ha) in size, it is surrounded by steep cliffs that also extend below the water. Since the 1990s, Great Tobago, Little Tobago islands, and nearby Mercurious and Watson Rocks are protected as part of the National Parks Trust.

There are over fifteen scuba diving sites. Though it's legal to snorkel and dive around the island, it is illegal to anchor because all potential anchoring locations are coral reefs that would be destroyed by an anchor. Large fines can occur if you violate this no-anchor zone, which is frequently patrolled by the BVI Marine Police.

## InfoBox

Little Tobago
| Little Tobago (left) and Great Tobago (right), as seen from St. Thomas | |
| --- | --- |
| The location of Little Tobago within the British Virgin Islands | |
| Little TobagoLittle Tobago | |
| Geography | |
| Location | Caribbean Sea |
| Coordinates | 18°25′39.29″N 64°50′51.03″W / 18.4275806°N 64.8475083°W / 18.4275806; -64.8475083 |
| Archipelago | Virgin Islands |
| Administration | |
| **United Kingdom** | |
| British Overseas Territory | British Virgin Islands |
| Additional information | |
| Time zone |  |
| ISO code | VG |


title: The Good Place season 2

abstract: The second season of the fantasy comedy television series The Good Place, created by Michael Schur, began airing September 20, 2017, on NBC in the United States. The season is produced by Fremulon, 3 Arts Entertainment, and Universal Television. The season concluded on February 1, 2018, and consisted of 13 episodes. The series focuses on Eleanor Shellstrop, a deceased young woman who wakes up in the afterlife and is sent by Michael to "the Good Place", a heaven-like utopia he designed, in reward for her righteous life. However, she quickly realizes that she was sent there by mistake and must hide her morally imperfect behavior. William Jackson Harper, Jameela Jamil, and Manny Jacinto co-star as other residents of the Good Place, together with D'Arcy Carden as an artificial being helping the inhabitants. Each of the episodes are listed as "Chapter (xx)" following the opening title card.

text:
# The Good Place season 2

The second season of the fantasy comedy television series *The Good Place*, created by Michael Schur, began airing September 20, 2017, on NBC in the United States. The season is produced by Fremulon, 3 Arts Entertainment, and Universal Television. The season concluded on February 1, 2018, and consisted of 13 episodes.

The series focuses on Eleanor Shellstrop (Kristen Bell), a deceased young woman who wakes up in the afterlife and is sent by Michael (Ted Danson) to "the Good Place", a heaven-like utopia he designed, in reward for her righteous life. However, she quickly realizes that she was sent there by mistake and must hide her morally imperfect behavior (past and present). William Jackson Harper, Jameela Jamil, and Manny Jacinto co-star as other residents of the Good Place, together with D'Arcy Carden as an artificial being helping the inhabitants. Each of the episodes are listed as "Chapter (xx)" following the opening title card.

## Cast

### Main

* Kristen Bell as Eleanor Shellstrop, a deceased, selfish saleswoman from Phoenix, Arizona who winds up in the Good Place by mistake. In order to earn her spot, she recruits Chidi to teach her the fundamentals of becoming a better person.
* William Jackson Harper as Chidi Anagonye, a deceased professor of ethics and moral philosophy from Senegal. Assigned as Eleanor's soulmate in Michael's first Good Place experiment, he gives her ethics lessons in an attempt to make her a better person.
* Jameela Jamil as Tahani Al-Jamil, a deceased, wealthy English philanthropist who believes she belongs in the Good Place. She forms an unlikely friendship with Eleanor, who initially dislikes her positive attitude, condescending way of speaking, and tendency to name drop.
* D'Arcy Carden as Janet, a programmed guide and knowledge bank who acts as the Good Place's main source of information and can provide its residents with whatever they desire. Later, Janet gains a more humanlike disposition, and begins to act differently than the way she was designed.
    + Carden also plays Bad Janet, a disrespectful version of Janet designed not to respond to residents properly.
* Manny Jacinto as Jason Mendoza, a deceased amateur DJ and drug dealer from Jacksonville, Florida, who winds up in the Good Place by mistake. He is introduced as Jianyu Li, a Taiwanese monk who took a vow of silence. Later, Jason proves to be an immature and unintelligent, but kindhearted Jacksonville Jaguars and Blake Bortles fan.
* Ted Danson as Michael, a Bad Place architect who runs the Good Place neighborhood in which Eleanor, Chidi, Tahani, and Jason reside. Michael has a deep affinity for the mundane aspects of human life, like playing with paper clips or searching for one's car keys. In the first season finale, it is revealed that he has been tricking the four humans all along and is actually a demon torturing them, though he later teams up with them. "Michael" is a Hebrew name meaning "who is like God?"

### Recurring

* Tiya Sircar as Vicky Sengupta, a Bad Place demon who is introduced as the "real Eleanor Shellstrop" in the first attempt of Michael's torture plan.
* Marc Evan Jackson as Shawn, Michael's wicked boss. Shawn gives Michael two chances to pull off the torture experiment, and later turns against him when he finds out about Michael's betrayal.
* Maribeth Monroe as Mindy St. Claire, a deceased corporate lawyer and cocaine addict who just barely toed the line of earning enough Good Place points before her death and thus was awarded her own private Medium Place.
* Jason Mantzoukas as Derek, a wacky artificial rebound boyfriend created by Janet.
* Rebecca Hazlewood as Kamilah Al-Jamil, Tahani's massively successful and competitive younger sister.
* Maya Rudolph as Judge Gen (short for Hydrogen), an eternal judge who rules on interdimensional matters between the Good Place and the Bad Place.
* Josh Siegal as Glen, a bad place demon who acts as a Good Place resident. Siegal is a writer on the show and stepped into the part initially in the first season when the original actor was unable to secure a travel visa.

### Guest

* Leslie Grossman as Donna Shellstrop, Eleanor's mother.
* Dax Shepard as Chet, a Bad Place demon responsible for torturing people guilty of toxic masculinity. Shepard is also the real-life husband of Kristen Bell, who plays Eleanor Shellstrop.

## Episodes

Season 2 episodes
| No.
overall | No. in
season | Title | Directed by | Written by | Original air date | U.S. viewers
(millions) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 14 | 1 | "Everything Is Great!" (Part 1) | Trent O'Donnell | Jen Statsky | September 20, 2017 (2017-09-20) | 5.28 |
| Eleanor's, Chidi's, Tahani's, and Jason's memories have been erased and they start over in the Bad Place. Shawn believes Michael's project will fail and Michael's existence will be ended through "retirement". Janet gives Eleanor the note she wrote to find Chidi. Chidi is forced to choose between two potential soulmates; just as he chooses Angelique, who seems ideal for him, Michael determines that the other woman, Pevita, with whom Chidi felt no connection, is his actual soulmate. Eleanor finds Chidi, but he is distracted by his own situation and is unwilling to help Eleanor. Tahani is dissatisfied that her soulmate Tomas is very short and has unrefined taste and that their home is small and cramped. Michael plans for Eleanor to get drunk and behave badly at the welcome party, but instead Tahani gets drunk and makes a scene. | | | | | | | |
| 15 | 2 | "Everything Is Great!" (Part 2) | Trent O'Donnell | Joe Mande | September 20, 2017 (2017-09-20) | 5.28 |
| Jason's new soulmate is Luang, a monk who is meant to be his spiritual companion; Luang accompanies Jason and copies his every action, leaving Jason bored and desperate to escape. Jason becomes attracted to Janet, who is nice to him. Vicky, who portrayed "Real Eleanor", is frustrated by her new, minor role as pizza parlor owner Denise. Chidi realizes the paper of Eleanor's note is from a book in his library; he suspects they have met before. At Eleanor's house, Eleanor admits that she does not belong in the Good Place. Michael, Janet, Tahani, Jason, and everyone's supposed soulmates arrive. Tahani and Jason openly express their dissatisfaction and Eleanor figures out that they are not in the Good Place; she reveals the note. Michael again erases the humans' memories and reboots the Good Place, but conceals the false start from Shawn, who has disallowed a third attempt. | | | | | | | |
| 16 | 3 | "Dance Dance Resolution" | Drew Goddard | Megan Amram | September 28, 2017 (2017-09-28) | 4.67 |
| Michael reboots the neighborhood hundreds of times, but Eleanor (and, on one occasion, Jason) eventually realizes its true nature each time. In the 802nd iteration, Eleanor and Chidi learn of the memory wipes when they discover dissatisfied neighborhood workers (including an undisguised demon) complaining about Michael's version of the Bad Place. Eleanor, Chidi, and Janet take the train to the Medium Place, where Mindy St. Claire reveals that it is Eleanor's sixteenth visit; Eleanor and her companions always return to Michael's neighborhood with a new plan to defeat him. Mindy also reveals that Eleanor and Chidi often form a sexual relationship and once mutually professed their love. In the neighborhood, Vicky and the other actors go on strike. Vicky presents their individual demands and hers is to take Michael's job; she threatens to reveal the multiple attempts to Shawn. Jason tells Michael about his dance crew being challenged to a dance-off and that they united to instead slash the other dancers' tires; when Eleanor returns and leads the humans in confronting Michael, he asks to form an alliance with them. | | | | | | | |
| 17 | 4 | "Team Cockroach" | Morgan Sackett | Dan Schofield | October 5, 2017 (2017-10-05) | 4.17 |
| Michael tries to recruit all four humans to his plan, in which he will reboot the neighborhood but secretly leave their memories intact and they will feign ignorance; if they refuse, Michael asserts they will again detect the ruse, Vicky will expose him, and the humans will be remanded to traditional, hellish torture, while Michael is burned eternally. Michael also claims he can get the four and himself into the real Good Place. Chidi agrees quickly, accepting that his work on ethics in life was unsuccessful. Jason is oblivious, but Michael's bow tie earns his trust. Tahani insists she belongs in the Good Place, but concedes after Michael reveals her cause of death; she was crushed by a statue of her sister Kamillah that she pulled down, demonstrating Tahani's self-obsession. Eleanor initially plans to flee to Mindy's house, but accedes to Michael's plan after Michael informs her that Chidi never refused to help her. She adds a condition: Michael must participate in Chidi's ethics classes. Even though Michael sees humans as "cockroaches", he agrees. The neighborhood is rebooted with Vicky taking on the role of the top point earner and honorary mayor. The humans and Michael meet in secret and are joined by Janet, whose programming compels her to make humans happy; thus, she will support the only real humans present. | | | | | | | |
| 18 | 5 | "Existential Crisis" | Beth McCarthy-Miller | Andrew Law | October 12, 2017 (2017-10-12) | 4.05 |
| When Chidi realizes that Michael's immortality prevents him from engaging with human ethics, he confronts Michael over the possibility of existence-ending "retirement". Michael becomes despondent and then replaces his existential crisis with a stereotypical midlife crisis, which Chidi determines is less psychologically productive. Eleanor explains to Michael that sadness over death is intrinsic to humanity; he thanks her and Chidi decides their studies can move forward. Tahani is tortured by having her birthday party for Gunnar overshadowed by an extravagant one planned by Vicky; Tahani is miserable despite knowing Vicky's plan and laments her character flaws that enable such superficial problems to affect her. Jason praises Tahani and they sleep together; both enjoy it, but Tahani wants to talk about it afterwards, while Jason is oblivious. Eleanor recalls formative experiences concerning death: Eleanor's alcoholic mother flippantly explaining the family dog's death to a young Eleanor, an adult Eleanor attending her father's funeral and claiming to be fine, and Eleanor crying at Bed Bath & Beyond upon seeing a toothbrush holder designed for a family's use. | | | | | | | |
| 19 | 6 | "The Trolley Problem" | Dean Holland | Josh Siegal & Dylan Morgan | October 19, 2017 (2017-10-19) | 3.92 |
| Chidi teaches the group the trolley problem thought experiment, but Michael's practical knowledge of the afterlife scoring system conflicts with Chidi's theoretical approach. Supposedly as a learning aid, Michael subjects Chidi to realistic simulations of the trolley problem and related ethical questions, then admits he is deliberately torturing Chidi. Chidi expels Michael, who tries to placate the humans with extravagant personalized gifts that Chidi calls bribes. Chidi allows Michael to return after Michael offers an apology that consists of exact and seemingly sincere wording Chidi has pre-approved. Tahani and Jason continue their relationship, but Tahani insists on secrecy while Jason wants to go public. Janet becomes their couples counselor. Over the course of a month, their relationship improves but Janet, performing beyond her specifications, is suffering from short term errors; Janet tells Michael the neighborhood could collapse from the errors' increasing severity. | | | | | | | |
| 20 | 7 | "Janet and Michael" | Dean Holland | Kate Gersten | October 26, 2017 (2017-10-26) | 3.97 |
| Before beginning his experiment, Michael steals Janet from a warehouse and claims to be a Good Place architect; they build the neighborhood together. Now, Michael troubleshoots Janet while Vicky is distracted by torturing Chidi with needles. When Janet's manual suggests the glitches are caused by falsehoods, Michael blames himself for lying about the neighborhood's real purpose. But, when a glitch occurs while Janet is speaking to Tahani and Jason about their relationship, he realizes the problem is Janet's own subconscious lies – she is not really happy for the couple because she has retained her second incarnation's love for Jason. Janet advises Michael to activate her self-destruct mechanism, but he makes excuses and ultimately refuses because Janet is his friend. They solicit Eleanor's advice instead and Eleanor successfully talks Janet through processing her human emotions. Acting on Eleanor's recommendation of a rebound relationship, Janet creates a boyfriend named Derek whose mental state is infantile, excitable, and easily distracted. | | | | | | | |
| 21 | 8 | "Derek" | Jude Weng | Cord Jefferson | November 2, 2017 (2017-11-02) | 3.06 |
| Michael fears Derek's existence will expose him. Michael sends Jason and Tahani on a private retreat and seeks Chidi and Eleanor's advice. Janet and Derek's relationship deteriorates. After Jason and Tahani ask Janet to marry them, Chidi acknowledges that the most ethical action is to inform the couple of Janet's issue, despite the double effect that Janet might eliminate Derek. Eleanor does so and, as Janet's friend, offers to help her work through her deep emotions over time. Janet deactivates Derek. Jason and Tahani remain intimate, but are unsure where they stand. Eleanor, having secretly repeatedly viewed Mindy's tape of herself and Chidi, shows it to him; he does not feel he loves her and she claims to feel the same way. Michael asks to speak with Eleanor about ethics; she tells him that striving to do right is emotionally rewarding and that his reaching out to her was human. Shawn comes to Michael's office. | | | | | | | |
| 22 | 9 | "Leap to Faith" | Linda Mendoza | Christopher Encell | January 4, 2018 (2018-01-04) | 3.08 |
| Shawn congratulates Michael; Michael's falsified progress reports have earned them both promotions and the new torture plan will be widely implemented. Michael "reveals" to Eleanor, Chidi, Tahani, and Jason that they are in the Bad Place and announces the demons will destroy and abandon the neighborhood while the humans will be remanded to traditional torture the next day. The four consider exposing Michael to Shawn or fleeing to Mindy St. Claire's house, but Eleanor realizes Michael mentioned Kierkegaard as a cue for them to take a leap of faith with him and his cruel roast of them held a coded plan: First, Janet retrieves Derek so he can conduct a decoy train while the humans hide on the tracks underneath the train the demons intend to take out of town. Then, Michael frames Vicky for the humans' apparent escape. After the demons leave, Michael, Janet, and the humans are left alone, safe in the neighborhood. Mindy is delighted when a sexually willing Derek arrives at her house with cocaine. | | | | | | | |
| 23 | 10 | "Best Self" | Julie Anne Robinson | Tyler Straessle | January 11, 2018 (2018-01-11) | 3.11 |
| Michael tells the humans they will travel to the Good Place in a hot-air balloon that challenges them to prove they are the best versions of their respective selves. They struggle to do so and Michael admits he is stalling because he was actually unable to determine a means to enter the Good Place, despite exploring over a billion options. Out of options, the group holds a party. Tahani ends her relationship with Jason. Eleanor admits she has feelings for Chidi, who describes his struggle to process his feelings and wishes he and Eleanor had met under normal circumstances. The humans name Michael an "honorary human", praising him for making more of an effort to do the right thing than a typical person. Tahani suggests they "demand to speak to a manager", but Michael says the Judge rarely hears cases and can only be reached through the Bad Place. Eleanor suggests they try and everyone agrees. Michael incapacitates the Bad Janet sent to transport him and Janet conducts everyone to the Bad Place on a train as the neighborhood disintegrates. | | | | | | | |
| 24 | 11 | "Rhonda, Diana, Jake, and Trent" | Alan Yang | Jen Statsky & Dan Schofield | January 18, 2018 (2018-01-18) | 3.00 |
| Inside Bad Place headquarters, Michael works to obtain special badges that enable use of the Judge's portal. When a reception is unexpectedly held in the others' hiding place, the humans impersonate demons and Janet impersonates a Bad Janet. Chidi is unwilling to lie until Eleanor convinces him moral particularism permits it. Michael intends to use the humans' extradition paperwork as a cover, but Shawn (against regulations) sends commandos to Mindy's house and learns the humans are not there. Michael flees, stealing badges, and rejoins the humans at the reception, where a presentation about the neighborhood reveals the humans' identities. The five escape without Janet after Jason blocks Shawn's pursuit with a Molotov cocktail. Michael sends Tahani, Jason, and Chidi through the portal before discovering he is one badge short. He then gives his to Eleanor – determining self-sacrifice solves the trolley problem – and pushes a protesting Eleanor through the portal as Shawn arrives. | | | | | | | |
| 25 | 12 | "The Burrito" | Dean Holland | Megan Amram & Joe Mande | January 25, 2018 (2018-01-25) | 3.65 |
| Michael confesses his lies to Shawn who, rather than retire him (which would make a spectacle that would publicize the scandal), decides to imprison him. The Bad Janet assisting Shawn reveals herself to be Michael's Janet; she incapacitates Shawn. The four humans arrive at the Judge's chambers. Eleanor reveals Michael's sacrifice. The Judge, Gen, agrees to hear out Eleanor, Chidi, Jason, and Tahani and tells them they must be subjected to separate tests of their personal growth. At their own request, they will share one fate and can only pass if all do individually. Jason fails a test of impulse control while Tahani fails when, instructed to ignore what others think of her, she maturely confronts her parents over their lifelong cruelty towards her. Eleanor is told that she and Chidi have passed while the others have failed; after Chidi tells her that it is ethical for them to go to the Good Place without Jason and Tahani, she correctly identifies "Chidi" as a construct and refuses the offer; Gen commends her. The real Chidi fails a test of decisiveness. Gen tells the foursome they have failed and Eleanor claims to have also failed personally. Before Gen can send them to the Bad Place, Michael and Janet arrive. | | | | | | | |
| 26 | 13 | "Somewhere Else" | Michael Schur | Michael Schur | February 1, 2018 (2018-02-01) | 3.19 |
| Michael argues that the humans' postmortem self-improvement, which the immortal beings thought impossible, means the afterlife system is corrupt. Janet tells Jason she loves him, inspiring Chidi to kiss Eleanor. Gen offers to put each of the humans in their own separate Medium Places while she deliberates for up to a million years, but Eleanor refuses the proposal as unjust. Gen believes the humans only improved in pursuit of moral desert, but Michael believes they would have striven to improve, regardless, if encouraged. All four humans’ memories are again wiped and Michael rewinds time; in a new timeline, Eleanor is saved from the accident that would have killed her. Michael and Janet monitor the behavior of all four humans. Eleanor has an epiphany; she quits her immoral job to work as an environmentalist and tries to be ethical. After six months, Eleanor loses enthusiasm for environmentalism as her kindness has opened her to mistreatment by others; she reverts to her previous lifestyle for another six months. Michael, evading Gen's notice, appears to Eleanor as a bartender and questions her morality, leading her to watch Chidi's three-hour-long online lecture on "what we owe to each other," which enthralls her. Eleanor travels to Australia to meet Chidi, pleasing Michael. | | | | | | | |

## Critical reception

The second season received acclaim from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, it has a rating of 100%, based on 58 reviews, with an average rating of 8.95/10. The site's summary states that "By voluntarily blowing up its premise, *The Good Place* sets up a second season that proves even funnier than its first." On Metacritic, the second season has a score of 87 out of 100, based on reviews from 10 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".

### Television critics' top 10 lists

*The Good Place* ranked fifth on Metacritic's "Best of 2017: Television Critics' Top 10 Lists". The list is determined by giving a score to each show based on the number of times it appears in year-end top ten lists of various major TV critics and publications.

### Accolades

For the 70th Primetime Emmy Awards, the series received two nominations–Ted Danson for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series and Maya Rudolph for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series. For the 34th TCA Awards, *The Good Place* won for Outstanding Achievement in Comedy, and received two other nominations–Program of the Year and Individual Achievement in Comedy for Ted Danson.

## Ratings

Viewership and ratings per episode of *The Good Place season 2*
| No. | Title | Air date | Rating/share
(18–49) | Viewers
(millions) | DVR
(18–49) | DVR viewers
(millions) | Total
(18–49) | Total viewers
(millions) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1–2 | "Everything Is Great!" | September 20, 2017 | 1.3/5 | 5.28 |  |  |  |  |
| 3 | "Dance Dance Resolution" | September 28, 2017 | 1.4/5 | 4.67 | 0.8 |  | 2.2 |  |
| 4 | "Team Cockroach" | October 5, 2017 | 1.2/5 | 4.17 | 0.8 |  | 2.0 |  |
| 5 | "Existential Crisis" | October 12, 2017 | 1.2/5 | 4.05 | 0.8 |  | 2.0 |  |
| 6 | "The Trolley Problem" | October 19, 2017 | 1.1/4 | 3.92 | 0.8 |  | 1.9 |  |
| 7 | "Janet and Michael" | October 26, 2017 | 1.1/4 | 3.97 | 0.7 |  | 1.8 |  |
| 8 | "Derek" | November 2, 2017 | 1.0/4 | 3.06 |  |  |  |  |
| 9 | "Leap to Faith" | January 4, 2018 | 1.0/4 | 3.08 | 0.9 | 2.03 | 1.9 | 5.11 |
| 10 | "Best Self" | January 11, 2018 | 1.0/4 | 3.11 | 0.8 | 1.90 | 1.8 | 5.01 |
| 11 | "Rhonda, Diana, Jake, and Trent" | January 18, 2018 | 1.0/4 | 3.00 | 0.8 | 1.82 | 1.8 | 4.80 |
| 12 | "The Burrito" | January 25, 2018 | 1.1/4 | 3.65 | 0.8 | 1.82 | 1.9 | 5.47 |
| 13 | "Somewhere Else" | February 1, 2018 | 1.1/4 | 3.19 | 0.8 | 1.75 | 1.9 | 4.95 |

1. Ausiello, Michael (July 31, 2017). "NBC Tweaks Fall Rollout: Good Place Gets Early Talent-Boosted Premiere, The Blacklist Return Moved Up". *TVLine*. Retrieved August 1, 2017.
2. NBC press release (January 12, 2016). "Ted Danson and Kristen Bell Join Cast of Michael Schur's New NBC Comedy "Good Place"". *The Futon Critic*. Retrieved February 12, 2016.
3. Pearce, Tilly (September 29, 2018). "The Good Place's Eleanor is 'super bisexual' and a romance with Tahani is not off the table". *Metro*. Retrieved April 19, 2019.
4. Andreeva, Nellie (February 11, 2016). "'Good Place' NBC Comedy Series Casts William Jackson Harper". *Deadline Hollywood*. Retrieved February 12, 2016.
5. Andreeva, Nellie (February 25, 2016). "'Good Place': British Presenter Jameela Jamil Cast in Mike Schur NBC Series". *Deadline Hollywood*. Retrieved March 12, 2016.
6. Andreeva, Nellie (March 14, 2016). "'Good Place': UCB Performer D'Arcy Carden Cast in Mike Schur NBC Series". *Deadline Hollywood*. Retrieved March 15, 2016.
7. Petski, Denise (March 3, 2016). "'Good Place' NBC Comedy Series Casts Manny Jacinto; Julie Goldman Joins ABC's Weeks/Mackay Project". *Deadline Hollywood*. Retrieved March 12, 2016.
8. Marilla Thomas, Leah (September 29, 2016). "The Character Names On 'The Good Place' Could Provide Important Clues". *Bustle*. Retrieved January 21, 2019.
9. Rogers, Adam (July 27, 2018). "The Good Place's Podcasters Are Smart Motherforkers". *Wired*. Retrieved January 8, 2019.
10. "*The Good Place*: 1 Of the Show's Writers Ended Up Playing a Hilarious Demon". *Showbiz Cheat Sheet*. July 26, 2021. Retrieved January 12, 2022.
11. Porter, Rick (September 21, 2017). "'America's Got Talent,' 'Big Brother,' 'Masterchef' ajdust up, 'The Good Place' and 'Salvation' adjust down: Wednesday final ratings". *TV by the Numbers*. Archived from the original on September 22, 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2017.
12. Porter, Rick (September 29, 2017). "'Will & Grace,' 'Superstore,' 'Good Place,' 'Gotham' adjust up; 'How to Get Away' adjusts down: Thursday final ratings". *TV by the Numbers*. Archived from the original on September 30, 2017. Retrieved September 29, 2017.
13. Porter, Rick (October 6, 2017). "'Grey's Anatomy' and NFL adjust up: Thursday final ratings". *TV by the Numbers*. Archived from the original on October 7, 2017. Retrieved October 6, 2017.
14. Porter, Rick (October 13, 2017). "'Will & Grace,' 'Grey's Anatomy,' 'Gotham' and NFL adjust up: Thursday final ratings". *TV by the Numbers*. Archived from the original on October 14, 2017. Retrieved October 13, 2017.
15. Porter, Rick (October 20, 2017). "'Gotham' and 'Supernatural' adjust up, final NFL numbers: Thursday final ratings". *TV by the Numbers*. Archived from the original on October 21, 2017. Retrieved October 20, 2017.
16. Porter, Rick (October 27, 2017). "NFL adjusts up, scripted shows all unchanged: Thursday final ratings". *TV by the Numbers*. Archived from the original on October 28, 2017. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
17. Porter, Rick (November 3, 2017). "'Will & Grace' adjusts up, 'Sheldon' and other CBS shows adjust down: Thursday final ratings". *TV by the Numbers*. Archived from the original on November 3, 2017. Retrieved November 3, 2017.
18. Porter, Rick (January 8, 2018). "'The Four,' 'Will & Grace,' everything else unchanged: Thursday final ratings". *TV by the Numbers*. Archived from the original on January 8, 2018. Retrieved January 8, 2018.
19. Porter, Rick (January 12, 2018). "'Big Bang Theory,' 'Young Sheldon' and 'The Four' adjust up: Thursday final ratings". *TV by the Numbers*. Archived from the original on January 13, 2018. Retrieved January 12, 2018.
20. Porter, Rick (January 22, 2018). "'Grey's Anatomy' adjusts up, 'The Four,' 'Scandal' and 'Great News' down: Thursday final ratings". *TV by the Numbers*. Archived from the original on January 23, 2018. Retrieved January 22, 2018.
21. Porter, Rick (January 26, 2018). "'Grey's Anatomy' adjusts up, 'Big Bang Theory' rerun adjusts down: Thursday final ratings". *TV by the Numbers*. Archived from the original on January 26, 2018. Retrieved January 26, 2018.
22. Porter, Rick (February 2, 2018). "'Big Bang Theory,' 'The Four' adjust up, 'Mom' and 'AP Bio' adjust down: Thursday final ratings". *TV by the Numbers*. Archived from the original on February 2, 2018. Retrieved February 2, 2018.
23. "The Good Place: Season 2". *Rotten Tomatoes*. Retrieved August 4, 2019.
24. "The Good Place - Season 2 Reviews". *Metacritic*. Retrieved December 10, 2018.
25. Dietz, Jason (December 4, 2017). "Best of 2017: Television Critic Top Ten Lists". Metacritic. Retrieved February 5, 2018.
26. "Emmys: Netflix Beats HBO With Most Nominations". *The Hollywood Reporter*. July 12, 2018. Retrieved July 12, 2018.
27. "TCA Awards: The Americans, Killing Eve, The Good Place Among 2018 Winners". *TVLine*. August 4, 2018. Retrieved August 5, 2018.
28. Porter, Rick (October 13, 2017). "'This Is Us' and 'The Good Doctor' score big in premiere week broadcast Live +7 ratings". *TV by the Numbers*. Archived from the original on October 13, 2017. Retrieved October 13, 2017.
29. Porter, Rick (October 18, 2017). "'The Orville,' 'Once Upon a Time,' 5 more shows double in week 2 broadcast Live +7 ratings". *TV by the Numbers*. Archived from the original on October 18, 2017. Retrieved October 18, 2017.
30. Porter, Rick (October 25, 2017). "'The Good Doctor' is the most-watched show on TV in week 3 broadcast Live +7 ratings". *TV by the Numbers*. Archived from the original on October 25, 2017. Retrieved October 25, 2017.
31. Porter, Rick (November 2, 2017). "'Chicago PD,' 10 more shows double in week 4 broadcast Live +7 ratings". *TV by the Numbers*. Archived from the original on November 2, 2017. Retrieved November 2, 2017.
32. Porter, Rick (November 9, 2017). "'Grey's Anatomy' keeps rolling along in week 5 broadcast Live +7 ratings". *TV by the Numbers*. Archived from the original on November 9, 2017. Retrieved November 9, 2017.
33. Otterson, Joe (January 22, 2018). "Delayed Viewing Ratings: 'Big Bang Theory' Winter Premiere Starts 2018 Strong". *Variety*. Retrieved February 2, 2018.
34. Porter, Rick (January 26, 2018). "'The Brave' goes from low to... less low: Week 16 broadcast Live +7 ratings". *TV by the Numbers*. Archived from the original on January 27, 2018. Retrieved February 2, 2018.
35. Porter, Rick (February 1, 2018). "'This Is Us,' 'The Good Doctor' both double in week 17 broadcast Live +7 ratings". *TV by the Numbers*. Archived from the original on February 1, 2018. Retrieved February 2, 2018.
36. Porter, Rick (February 8, 2018). "'This Is Us' sets NBC records in week 18 broadcast Live +7 ratings". *TV by the Numbers*. Archived from the original on February 9, 2018. Retrieved February 9, 2018.
37. Porter, Rick (February 15, 2018). "Closing the book on the Super Bowl 'This Is Us': Week 19 broadcast Live +7 ratings". *TV by the Numbers*. Archived from the original on February 16, 2018. Retrieved February 17, 2018.

## InfoBox

| *The Good Place* | |
| --- | --- |
| Season 2 | |
| Region 1 DVD cover art | |
| Starring |  |
| No. of episodes | 13 |
| Release | |
| Original network | NBC |
| Original release | September 20, 2017 (2017-09-20)
February 1, 2018 (2018-02-01) |
| Season chronology | |
|


title: List of places in New York: A

text:
# List of places in New York: A

This list of current cities, towns, unincorporated communities, counties, and other recognized places in the U.S. state of New York also includes information on the number and names of counties in which the place lies, and its lower and upper zip code bounds, if applicable.

| Name of place | County(ies) | Zip code(s) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Abbott Road | Erie County |  |
| Abbotts | Cattaraugus County | 14727 |
| Abell Corners | Madison County |  |
| Academy | Albany County | 12208 |
| Academy | Ontario County | 14424 |
| Accord (CDP) | Ulster County | 12404 |
| Acidalia | Sullivan County | 12760 |
| Acra | Greene County | 12405 |
| Adams (town) | Jefferson County | 13605 |
| Adams (village) | Jefferson County | 13605 |
| Adams Basin | Monroe County | 14410 |
| Adams Center (CDP) | Jefferson County | 13606 |
| Adams Corners | Putnam County | 10579 |
| Adams Cove | Jefferson County | 13634 |
| Adamsville | Washington County | 12827 |
| Addison (town) | Steuben County | 14801 |
| Addison (village) | Steuben County | 14801 |
| Addison Hill | Steuben County | 14801 |
| Adelphi | Kings County | 11238 |
| Aden | Sullivan County |  |
| Adirondack | Warren County | 12808 |
| Adrian | Steuben County | 14823 |
| Afton (town) | Chenango County | 13730 |
| Afton (village) | Chenango County | 13730 |
| Afton Lake | Chenango County | 13730 |
| Agnes Corners | Oneida County |  |
| Agway Station | Orange County |  |
| Aiden Lair | Essex County |  |
| Air City | Oneida County |  |
| Airmont | Rockland County | 10901 |
| Airmont Heights | Rockland County | 10901 |
| Akins Corners | Putnam County | 12563 |
| Akron | Erie County | 14001 |
| Akron Junction | Erie County |  |
| Alabama | Genesee County | 14003 |
| Albany | Albany County | 12201 – 12299 |
| Albany County Airport | Albany County | 12211 |
| Albany Medical Center | Albany County | 12208 |
| Albertson | Nassau County | 11507 |
| Albia | Rensselaer County | 12180 |
| Albion (town) | Orleans County | 14411 |
| Albion (village) | Orleans County | 14411 |
| Albion (town) | Oswego County |  |
| Albion Center (hamlet) | Oswego County |  |
| Alburg | Franklin County | 12916 |
| Alcove | Albany County | 12007 |
| Alden | Erie County | 14004 |
| Alden Bend | Clinton County | 12910 |
| Alden Center | Erie County | 14004 |
| Alden Manor | Nassau County | 11003 |
| Alder Bend | Clinton County | 12910 |
| Alder Brook | Franklin County |  |
| Alder Creek | Oneida County | 13301 |
| Aldrich | St. Lawrence County |  |
| Alene | Madison County |  |
| Alexander (town) | Genesee County | 14005 |
| Alexander (village) | Genesee County | 14005 |
| Alexandria | Jefferson County |  |
| Alexandria Bay | Jefferson County | 13607 |
| Alexandria Center | Jefferson County |  |
| Alfred (town) | Allegany County | 14802 |
| Alfred (village) | Allegany County | 14802 |
| Alfred Station | Allegany County | 14803 |
| Algona | Jefferson County |  |
| Alice | Steuben County |  |
| Allaben | Ulster County | 12480 |
| Allard Corners | Orange County | 12586 |
| Allegany | Cattaraugus County | 14706 |
| Allegany Indian Reservation | Cattaraugus County | 14204 |
| Allen | Allegany County |  |
| Allen Center | Allegany County | 14735 |
| Allen Corners | Putnam County |  |
| Allendale | Jefferson County | 13605 |
| Allens Hill | Ontario County | 14469 |
| Allentown (hamlet) | Allegany County | 14707 |
| Allentown (hamlet) | Saratoga County |  |
| Allenwood | Nassau County | 11021 |
| Allerton | Bronx County | 10467 |
| Alligerville | Ulster County | 12440 |
| Alloway | Wayne County | 14489 |
| Alma | Allegany County | 14708 |
| Almond | Allegany County | 14804 |
| Almond | Steuben County | 14804 |
| Aloquin | Ontario County | 14561 |
| Alpina | Lewis County |  |
| Alpine | Schuyler County | 14805 |
| Alpine Junction | Schuyler County |  |
| Alplaus | Schenectady County | 12008 |
| Alps | Rensselaer County | 12018 |
| Alsen | Greene County | 12415 |
| Altamont | Albany County | 12009 |
| Altay | Schuyler County | 14837 |
| Altmar | Oswego County | 13302 |
| Alton | Wayne County | 14413 |
| Altona (town) | Clinton County | 12910 |
| Altona (CDP) | Clinton County | 12910 |
| Alverson | Jefferson County |  |
| Amagansett | Suffolk County | 11930 |
| Amawalk | Westchester County | 10501 |
| Amber | Onondaga County | 13110 |
| Ambierville | Chenango County | 13843 |
| Amblerville | Chenango County |  |
| Amboy | Onondaga County | 13031 |
| Amboy | Oswego County |  |
| Amboy Center | Oswego County | 13493 |
| Amchir | Orange County | 10940 |
| Amenia | Dutchess County | 12501 |
| Amenia Union | Dutchess County | 12501 |
| American Dock Terminal | Richmond County |  |
| Ames | Montgomery County | 13317 |
| Amherst | Erie County | 14226 |
| Amity | Allegany County |  |
| Amity | Orange County | 10990 |
| Amity Harbor | Suffolk County | 11701 |
| Amityville | Suffolk County | 11701 |
| Amsdell Heights | Erie County | 14075 |
| Amsterdam | Montgomery County | 12010 |
| Anaquassacook | Washington County |  |
| Ancram | Columbia County | 12502 |
| Ancramdale | Columbia County | 12503 |
| Anderson | Sullivan County |  |
| Andes | Delaware County | 13731 |
| Andover | Allegany County | 14806 |
| Andrea Park Estates | Westchester County | 10598 |
| Angelica (town) | Allegany County | 14709 |
| Angelica (village) | Allegany County | 14709 |
| Angola | Erie County | 14006 |
| Angola Lake Shore | Erie County | 14006 |
| Angola Lake Shore Addition | Erie County |  |
| Angola on the Lake | Erie County | 14006 |
| Angus | Yates County |  |
| Annadale | Richmond County |  |
| Annandale-on-Hudson | Dutchess County | 12504 |
| Annsville | Oneida County |  |
| Annsville | Westchester County | 10566 |
| Ansonia | New York County | 10023 |
| Antrim | Rockland County |  |
| Antwerp | Jefferson County | 13608 |
| Apalachin | Tioga County | 13732 |
| Apaquogue | Suffolk County |  |
| Apex | Delaware County | 13783 |
| Appalachian National Scenic Trail | Dutchess County
Orange County | 25425 |
| Applegate Corner | Tompkins County |  |
| Appleton | Niagara County | 14008 |
| Apulia | Onondaga County | 13020 |
| Apulia Station | Onondaga County | 13020 |
| Aquebogue | Suffolk County | 11931 |
| Aqueduct | Schenectady County | 12309 |
| Aquetuck | Albany County | 12143 |
| Arabia | Delaware County |  |
| Arabia | Schoharie County |  |
| Arcade | Wyoming County | 14009 |
| Arcade Junction | Wyoming County | 14009 |
| Arcadia | Wayne County |  |
| Arcadia Hills | Orange County |  |
| Archdale | Washington County | 12834 |
| Archville | Westchester County | 10510 |
| Arctic | Delaware County |  |
| Arden | Orange County | 10910 |
| Arden House | Orange County | 10926 |
| Ardonia | Ulster County | 12515 |
| Ardsley | Westchester County | 10502 |
| Ardsley-on-Hudson | Westchester County | 10503 |
| Arena | Delaware County |  |
| Argo Village | Nassau County | 11003 |
| Argusville | Schoharie County | 13459 |
| Argyle | Washington County | 12809 |
| Arietta | Hamilton County | 12139 |
| Aristotle | Allegany County |  |
| Arkport | Steuben County | 14807 |
| Arkville | Delaware County | 12406 |
| Arkwright | Chautauqua County |  |
| Arlington | Dutchess County | 12603 |
| Arlyn Oaks | Nassau County | 11758 |
| Armonk | Westchester County | 10504 |
| Armor | Erie County | 14075 |
| Army Pictorial Center | Queens County | 11101 |
| Arnett | Monroe County |  |
| Arnolds Mill | Columbia County |  |
| Arrochar | Richmond County | 10305 |
| Arsenal Hill | Ontario County |  |
| Arshamonaque | Suffolk County |  |
| Arthur | Oswego County |  |
| Arthur Manor | Westchester County | 10583 |
| Arthursburg | Dutchess County | 12533 |
| Art Village | Suffolk County |  |
| Arverne | Queens County | 11692 |
| Asbury | Tompkins County |  |
| Asbury | Ulster County |  |
| Ashantee | Livingston County | 14414 |
| Asharoken | Suffolk County | 11768 |
| Ashford | Cattaraugus County | 14731 |
| Ashford Hollow | Cattaraugus County | 14171 |
| Ash Grove | Washington County |  |
| Ashland | Cayuga County |  |
| Ashland | Chemung County |  |
| Ashland | Greene County | 12407 |
| Ashokan | Ulster County | 12481 |
| Ashville | Chautauqua County | 14710 |
| Ashville Bay | Chautauqua County | 14710 |
| Ashwood | Orleans County | 14098 |
| Assembly Park | Onondaga County |  |
| Assembly Point | Warren County | 12845 |
| Association Island | Jefferson County | 13651 |
| Astoria | Queens County | 11102 |
| Athens | Greene County | 12015 |
| Athol | Warren County | 12810 |
| Athol Springs | Erie County | 14010 |
| Atlanta | Steuben County | 14808 |
| Atlantic | Richmond County | 10307 |
| Atlantic Beach | Nassau County | 11509 |
| Atlantic Terminal | Kings County |  |
| Atlantique | Suffolk County | 11706 |
| Attica | Genesee County,
Wyoming County | 14011 |
| Attica Center | Wyoming County | 14011 |
| Attlebury | Dutchess County | 12581 |
| Atwater | Cayuga County | 13081 |
| Atwell | Herkimer County | 13338 |
| Atwell Corners | Madison County |  |
| Atwood | Ulster County | 12484 |
| Auburn | Cayuga County | 13021 |
| Auburndale | Queens County |  |
| Auburn Junction | Tompkins County |  |
| Auburn Southeast | Cayuga County | 13021 |
| Audubon | New York County | 10032 |
| Augusta | Oneida County | 13425 |
| Aurelius | Cayuga County |  |
| Auriesville | Montgomery County | 12016 |
| Aurora | Cayuga County | 13026 |
| Aurora | Erie County |
| Aurora Tract | Onondaga County | 13088 |
| Au Sable | Clinton County |
| Ausable Chasm | Clinton County | 12911 |
| Au Sable Forks | Clinton County,
Essex County | 12912 |
| Austerlitz | Columbia County | 12017 |
| Austin | Cayuga County |
| Ava | Oneida County | 13303 |
| Averill Park, New York | Rensselaer County | 12018 |
| Averyville | Essex County |
| Avoca (town) | Steuben County | 14809 |
| Avoca (village) | Steuben County | 14809 |
| Avon | Livingston County | 14414 |
| Awosting | Ulster County |
| Axeville | Cattaraugus County | 14726 |
| Axton Landing | Franklin County |  |
|


abstract: The 1946 Copa de Competencia Británica Final was the match that decided the winner of the 3rd edition of this Argentine domestic cup. The game was played on December 14, 1946. Boca Juniors defeated San Lorenzo de Almagro 3–1 at Estadio Monumental, a neutral venue for the match.

text:
# 1946 Copa de Competencia Británica Final

The **1946 Copa de Competencia Británica Final** was the match that decided the winner of the 3rd edition of this Argentine domestic cup. The game was played on December 14, 1946. Boca Juniors defeated San Lorenzo de Almagro 3–1 at Estadio Monumental, a neutral venue for the match.

## Qualified teams

| Team | Previous finals app. |
| --- | --- |
| Boca Juniors | 1944, 1945 |
| San Lorenzo | (none) |

## Overview

The cup was contested by clubs participating in the 1946 Argentine Primera División season, playing a round of 16 in neutral venues. Boca Juniors beat Vélez at Independiente Stadium, qualifying to the quarterfinals. After eliminating Rosario Central (4–1 at San Lorenzo Stadium) and River Plate (2–0 also in the *Gasómetro*), Boca reached the final of the competition, held at River Plate Stadium.

On the other hand, San Lorenzo eliminated Ferro Carril Oeste 5–1 at Vélez Sarsfield Stadium, then defeated arch-rival Huracán 2–0 at Ferro Carril Oeste, and Estudiantes de La Plata 1–0 in extra time at La Bombonera.

With goals by Gregorio Pin (2) and José Antonio Vázquez, Boca defeating San Lorenzo in final, finally taking the title after losing in the finals two years consecutively to Huracán and Racing, respectively. Boca Juniors also managed to win the tournament without losing a game.

## Road to the final

* all matches played in neutral venues
River Plate Stadium, venueA San Lorenzo team of 1946

| Boca Juniors | | | Round | San Lorenzo | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Opponent | Result | | Group stage | Opponent | Result | |
| Vélez Sarsfield | 3–2 | | First round | Ferro Carril Oeste | 5–1 | |
| Rosario Central | 4–1 | | Quarterfinal | Huracán | 2–0 | |
| River Plate | 2–0 | | Semifinal |  | 1–0 (a.e.t.) | |

Notes

## Match details

1946 Copa de Competencia Británica Final

| Boca Juniors | 3–1 | San Lorenzo |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Pin  3', 89' <br>Vázquez  38' | Report | Aballay  85' |

River PlateReferee: Ginzo      1. Copa de Competencia Británica 1946 by Osvaldo Gorgazzi on the RSSSF

## InfoBox

1946 Copa de Competencia Británica Final
| A Boca Juniors team of 1946 | |
| --- | --- |
| Event | Copa de Competencia Británica |
|  | |
| Date | December 14, 1946 (1946-12-14) |
| Venue | Estadio Monumental, Buenos Aires |
| Referee | Ginzo |
|


title: Pic de Neige Cordier

abstract: Pic de Neige Cordier is a mountain in the Massif des Écrins range, located in the Hautes-Alpes département of France. The mountain is named after the French alpinist Henri Cordier.

text:
# Pic de Neige Cordier

**Pic de Neige Cordier** is a mountain in the Massif des Écrins range, located in the Hautes-Alpes département of France. The mountain is named after the French alpinist Henri Cordier.

## First ascent

The first ascent of Pic de Neige Cordier was made on 3 August 1877 by French climber Paul Guillemi along with Émile Pic and Pierre Estienne.

## 2011 accident

On 26 June 2011 a British hiker discovered the bodies of six climbers around 2,700 m (8,858 ft) while following a similar route taken by the group on the previous day. The local mayor, Xavier Cret, told the AFP news agency that the six mountaineers had been roped together in two groups and they have appeared to have died as the result of a mixed avalanche of snow and rocks. A local official stated that the victims included two men and three women between 42 and 64 and a 16-year-old boy. Police reported that the climbers appeared to have died while making an ascent in good weather.

## InfoBox

| Pic de Neige Cordier | |
| --- | --- |
| East face, April 2008 | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 3,614 m (11,857 ft) |
| Coordinates | 44°57′22″N 6°23′20″E / 44.95611°N 6.38889°E / 44.95611; 6.38889 |
| Geography | |
| Pic de Neige CordierFrance | |
| Location | Hautes-Alpes, France |
| Parent range | Massif des Écrins |
| Climbing | |
| First ascent | 3 August 1877 |


title: Mel Ferber

abstract: Mel Ferber was an American television director and producer, who oversaw the live two-hour TV presentation of Wonderful Town and the pilot for 60 Minutes and other shows. Ferber was an executive producer of Good Morning America. He was a member of the Directors Guild of America.

text:
# Mel Ferber

**Mel Ferber** (October 2, 1922  June 19, 2003) was an American television director and producer, who oversaw the live two-hour TV presentation of *Wonderful Town* and the pilot for *60 Minutes* and other shows. Ferber was an executive producer of *Good Morning America*. He was a member of the Directors Guild of America.

## Biography

Ferber was born and raised in New York City, and was a graduate of City College of New York. He became a World War II hero when, after landing at Utah Beach, he and four other members of his unit captured 464 German soldiers and used their weapons to rearm a French battalion (earning him the Croix de Guerre with Silver Star). He entered the TV industry after he was discharged.

As a member of CBS, Ferber directed *Wonderful Town*, the first live two-hour show on TV, in 1958. Subsequently, he earned Emmy nominations for his work as executive producer and creator of *Good Morning America* and executive producer of CBS' *Calendar*. He produced the pilot of *60 Minutes* and directed the pilot of *Happy Days* (plus two more episodes). The 1972 Democratic National Convention's TV and radio work was produced by Ferber as well.

Ferber also directed and/or produced many television shows, including *Studio One*, *That Was the Week That Was*, *Walter Cronkite's 21st Century*, *National Geographic*, *The Odd Couple*, *McMillan & Wife*, *Alias Smith and Jones*, *The Mary Tyler Moore Show*, *Busting Loose*, *Archie Bunker's Place*, *Quincy, M.E.*, *Alice*, *Diff'rent Strokes* and many more.

Ferber died on June 19, 2003, in Los Angeles from heart failure.

## InfoBox

| Mel Ferber | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1922-10-02)October 2, 1922
New York City, New York, U.S. |
| Died | June 19, 2003(2003-06-19) (aged 80)
Los Angeles, California, U.S. |


title: Vaspör

abstract: Vaspör is a village in Zala County, Hungary. Its Birch House Tour includes one hectare garden.

text:
# Vaspör

**Vaspör** is a village in Zala County, Hungary. Its Birch House Tour includes one hectare garden.

## InfoBox

| Vaspör | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
|  | |
|  | |
| VaspörLocation of Vaspör | |
| Coordinates: 46°55′05″N 16°38′52″E / 46.918039°N 16.647869°E / 46.918039; 16.647869 | |
| Country | Hungary |
| Region | Western Transdanubia |
| County | Zala |
| District | Zalaegerszeg |
| Area | |
| Total | 13.45 km2 (5.19 sq mi) |
| Population (1 January 2024) | |
| Total | 332 |
| Density | 25/km2 (64/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 8998 |
| Area code | (+36) 92 |
| Website | vaspor.hu |


title: Little Heroes Foundation

abstract: The Little Heroes Foundation, previously the McGuinness McDermott Foundation, was launched in May 1996 in memory of five-year-old Nicholas Berry, and seven-year-old Nathan Maclean who died of cancer. The Foundation raises funds to improve oncology treatment for South Australian children. The Foundation was established by former Adelaide Football Club players Tony McGuinness and Chris McDermott.

text:
# Little Heroes Foundation

The **Little Heroes Foundation**, previously the **McGuinness McDermott Foundation**, was launched in May 1996 in memory of five-year-old Nicholas Berry, and seven-year-old Nathan Maclean who died of cancer. The Foundation raises funds to improve oncology treatment for South Australian children. The Foundation was established by former Adelaide Football Club players Tony McGuinness and Chris McDermott.

## Projects

Oncology treatment for children in South Australia is chiefly undertaken at the Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide. The majority of the Foundation's activities aim to support the hospital in its treatment of cancer.

The Foundation has undertaken or provided support to a number of projects including:

## Fundraising activities

The Foundation raises funds through a variety of means ranging from direct donations, sale of specialised merchandise, to special events - often with a sporting theme.

The most widely publicised event is the "Slow Down". Slow Down is an annual Australian rules football match held at the end of the regular season, with teams drawn mostly from ex-AFL and SANFL players. The players competing are loosely aligned to the two Adelaide-based AFL sides: Adelaide Crows and Port Adelaide Power. The name "Slow Down" is a play on words to the local football derby between Adelaide and Port Adelaide, which is promoted as a "Showdown". For a gold coin entrance fee spectators enjoy a lighthearted game where entertainment is more the aim than the actual outcome on the scoreboard. Attendance in 2005 was over 30,000.

Other fund-raising activities include charity golf events, special event Luncheons, and sales from specialist items such as modified versions of the popular board games, Monopoly and Trivial Pursuit.

## Controversy

Financial reports for the McGuinness McDermott Foundation in 2007-08, obtained by The Advertiser from the Office of Consumer and Business Affairs, shows that part of the funds raised for the McGuinness McDermott Foundation were being used to lease a BMW X5 and Mercedes CLK 280.


title: Farmington Gabbro

abstract: Located in the Charlotte Belt of North Carolina is the Farmington Gabbro, located in the Mocksville Complex. The Mocksville Complex consist of metamorphosed/unmetamorphosed gabbros, pyroxenites, hornblendites, wehrlites, granites, and diorites. The plutons in this region formed during the Taconic, Acadian, and Alleghanian orogeny starting on the eastern side of Laurentia. These plutons date back to around 400 Ma, consisting of ultramafic, mafic, and felsic rocks but the Farmington Gabbro is the only pluton on the northwest side of the complex that is unmetamorphosed.

text:
# Farmington Gabbro

Located in the Charlotte Belt of North Carolina is the **Farmington Gabbro**, located in the Mocksville Complex. The Mocksville Complex consist of metamorphosed/unmetamorphosed gabbros, pyroxenites, hornblendites, wehrlites, granites, and diorites. The plutons in this region formed during the Taconic, Acadian, and Alleghanian orogeny starting on the eastern side of Laurentia. These plutons date back to around 400 Ma, consisting of ultramafic, mafic, and felsic rocks but the Farmington Gabbro is the only pluton on the northwest side of the complex that is unmetamorphosed.

## Mocksville Complex

The Mocksville Complex is surrounded by late Proterozoic granitic, metavolcanic, and gneissic that trends NE-SW over about a 500 km2 area. The complex contains evidence of felsic, mafic, and ultramafic rock types that have been metamorphosed (except farmington gabbro). The age of the complex dates to around 550 million years ago to 650 million years ago. Amphibolites are found in the mafic rocks in the northern section of the complex with bands of plagioclase, quartz, and amphibole with very coarse grained plagioclase and more fine grained amphiboles. Dikes of ultramafic rocks in the complex are peridotites, pyroxenites, and hornblenditites. In the lower end of the complex there are some metamorphosed sedimentary rocks found which are a blend of sandstone and limestone.

For the metagabbros temperatures were found to have reached 550 °C - 650 °C. This was seen by thermal overprint due to Fe-Mg reallocation of existing olivine and calcium rich clinopyroxene. While spinal is found in the complex, garnet is not which infers that the pressure of about 12 kbar or below.

Olivine: medium to high forresteritic (showing a calc-alkali arc environment)

Plagioclase: high in anorthite (showing a calc-alkali arc environment)

Clinopyroxene: high TiO2 and Na2O (showing a calc-alkali arc environment)

Pyroxene: high ratio of tetrahedral Al to titian (showing a calc-alkali arc environment)

Spinal: low Mg, variable Fe3+/ (Fe3++Cr+Al) , and high Cr/(Cr+Al) (showing a calc-alkali arc environment)

## Petrology/Mineralogy

The Farmington Gabbro is postmetamorphic medium to coarse grained plutonic rock next to metagabbros. The unit is surrounded by Proterozoic to early Paleozoic metamorphosed rock. The major and trace elements of the pluton matches the composition of calc-alkaline basaltic magma. The minerals present are plagioclase, hornblende, pyroxenes, olivine, biotite with small amounts of apatite, magnetite, ilmenite, hematite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, and hercynitic spinel. The main texture in the gabbro is ophitic to sub-ophitic, but hornblende and plagioclase are subhedral to anhedral grains. Plagioclase is twinned with little zoning. The pyroxene content is mostly clinopyroxene with some orthopyroxene.

## Mineral differences

The Famrinto Gabbro has two gabbronorites that are slightly different in mineralogy and texture. One rock type is a olivine, pyroxene, hornblende while the other has clinopyroxene, olivine, and plagioclase gabbronorite with cumulus texture. The hornblende gabbronorite is a dark grey to grey-green with a fine to medium grained texture.

Bulk rock chemistry of Farmington pluton(Samples taken from around the Farmington Gabbro pluton)
| Elements shown in wt% | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Sample | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| SiO2 | 48.22 | 47.93 | 45.56 |
| TiO2 | 0.60 | 0.62 | 0.19 |
| Al2O3 | 19.35 | 18.20 | 14.95 |
| MnO | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.11 |
| MgO | 8.97 | 8.73 | 16.66 |
| FeO | 7.82 | 6.22 | 5.32 |
| CaO | 10.18 | 12.71 | 15.64 |
| Na2O | 3.88 | 3.28 | 0.58 |
| K2O | 0.14 | 0.13 | 0.33 |
| P2O5 | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.01 |
| Total | 99.34 | 98.02 | 99.34 |

## Outcrops

The area of gabbro-diorite intrusions stretches about 720 km long. They are seen as large boulders and on the side of highway 40 NC and highway 158 NC where the hill was cut for the road way. The Mocksville complex consist mostly of metagabbro, but there are outcrops where you can see the contact between the metagabbro rocks and the gabbro (Farmington). The contact could be easily seen because the Farmington Gabbro is the only non-metamorphosed rock unit in this area of plutons so distinguishing between a metagabbro and gabbro may be unchallenging due to the difference in foliation and lineation.

The Vulcan Smith Materials Company mines Farmington Gabbro as an aggregate located off of Highway 40 NC.

1. Esawi, E. K. (2004-04-01). "Evidence from the Farmington pluton for early Devonian subduction-related magmatism in the Carolina zone of central North Carolina". *Journal of Geodynamics*. Tectonics of the Appalachian Belt. **37** (3): 531–548. Bibcode:2004JGeo...37..531E. doi:10.1016/j.jog.2004.02.019. ISSN 0264-3707.
2. Esawi, E. K. (January 2012). "The mafic and ultramafic rocks of the Mocksville complex of Central North Carolina: Petrogenetic and tectonic implications". *Mineralogy and Petrology*. **104** (1–2): 15–27. Bibcode:2012MinPe.104...15E. doi:10.1007/s00710-011-0180-8. ISSN 0930-0708. S2CID 140740572.
3. Secor, Donald T.; Snoke, Arthur W.; Dallmeyer, R. David (1986-11-01). "Character of the Alleghanian orogeny in the southern Appalachians: Part III. Regional tectonic relations". *GSA Bulletin*. **97** (11): 1345–1353. doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1986)97\<1345:COTAOI\>2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0016-7606.
4. McSween, H. Y.; Sando, T. W.; Clark, S. R.; Harden, J. T.; Strange, E. A. (1984-05-01). "The gabbro-metagabbro association of the Southern Appalachian Piedmont". *American Journal of Science*. **284** (4–5): 437–461. Bibcode:1984AmJS..284..437M. doi:10.2475/ajs.284.4-5.437. ISSN 0002-9599.
5. Wilson, Frederick A. (1983). "Geophysical and geologic studies in southern Mecklenburg County and vicinity, North Carolina and South Carolina". *Open-File Report*. doi:10.3133/ofr8393.
6. Butler, J. Robert; Ragland, Paul C. (1969-10-01). "A petrochemical survey of plutonic intrusions in the Piedmont, Southeastern Appalachians, U.S.A." *Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology*. **24** (2): 164–190. Bibcode:1969CoMP...24..164B. doi:10.1007/BF00376889. ISSN 1432-0967. S2CID 129688594.

## InfoBox

| Farmington Gabbro | |
| --- | --- |
| Stratigraphic range: ~ 400 Ma | |
| Location | |
| Location | Mecklenburg County |


title: The Hydra

abstract: The Hydra was a magazine produced by the patients of the Craiglockhart War Hospital, noteworthy for having been edited at one time by Wilfred Owen, and for including poems by Siegfried Sassoon. The magazine was headquartered in Edinburgh. Another editor was Black Watch officer James Bell Salmond, who went on to be editor of The Scots Magazine and was later the Keeper of Muniments at the University of St Andrews. In 1918 George Henry Bonner became the editor. The magazine ceased publication the same year. The Hydra is mentioned in Pat Barker's novel Regeneration about the experiences of patients at Craiglockhart War Hospital during World War I. The name was a reference to the hospital's pre-war role as a centre for hydrotherapy. All issues of the magazine were archived by Oxford University.

text:
# The Hydra

***The Hydra*** was a magazine produced by the patients of the Craiglockhart War Hospital, noteworthy for having been edited at one time by Wilfred Owen, and for including poems by Siegfried Sassoon. The magazine was headquartered in Edinburgh. Another editor was Black Watch officer James Bell Salmond, who went on to be editor of *The Scots Magazine* and was later the Keeper of Muniments at the University of St Andrews. In 1918 George Henry Bonner became the editor. The magazine ceased publication the same year.

The *Hydra* is mentioned in Pat Barker's novel *Regeneration* about the experiences of patients at Craiglockhart War Hospital during World War I.

The name was a reference to the hospital's pre-war role as a centre for hydrotherapy. All issues of the magazine were archived by Oxford University.


title: 1935 in comics

abstract: Notable events of 1935 in comics.

text:
# 1935 in comics

Notable events of **1935 in comics**.

## Events and publications

### Year overall

### January

### February

### March

### April

### May

### June

### July

### August

* **August 4**: The first episode of Mal Eaton's *Peter Piltdown* appears in print. The series will run until the artist's death in 1974.
* **August 11**: The first episode of Hector Brault's *Casimir* is published in Le Petit Journal.
* *Famous Funnies* #13 - Eastern Color
* *New Fun Comics* (1935 series) #5 - National Allied Publications

### September

### October

### November

* The first episode of Joe Easley's *Along the Iron Pike* is published. It will run until November 1971.
* *Famous Funnies* #16 - Eastern Color

### December

### Specific date unknown

## Births

### February

### July

### December

## Deaths

### January

* **January 4**: Daniël Hoeksema, Dutch comics artist and illustrator (*De Neef van Prikkebeen*), dies at age 65.

### February

* **February 1**: Fernand Wicheler, Belgian playwright, actor, journalist and comics artist (*Le Dernier Film*), dies at age 60.

### March

* **March 26**: Eugene Zimmerman, Swiss-American illustrator, comics artist and cartoonist, dies at age 72.

### April

* **April 2**: Henri Avelot, French illustrator, caricaturist and comics artist (*Philibert*, continued *Bécassine*), dies at age 62.

### June

* **June 15**: Gaar Williams, American political cartoonist and comic artist (*Zipper*, *A Strain on the Family Tie*, *Mort Green and Wife*), dies at age 54.

### October

* **October 15**:
    + Paul Kroesen, American illustrator and comics artist (*The Romance of America*, *The Life of Christ*), dies at age 34 from bronchial pneumonia.
    + Georges Tiret-Bognet, French illustrator and comics artist, dies at age 80.
* **October 20**: Sidney Smith, American comics artist (*The Gumps*, *Old Doc Yak*, *Ching Chow*), dies at age 58 in a car accident.
* **October 21**: Joseph Charlebois, Canadian comics artist (*Père Ladébauche*), dies at age 63.

### November

* **November 27**: Fred Leipziger, Swedish-American comics artist (*Doings of the Van Loons*), dies at age 55.

### December

* **December 25**: Ed Mack, American comics artist (*Sime the Simp*, continued *Mutt and Jeff*), dies at age 64.

## First issues by title

## Initial appearances by character name

* ***Doctor Occult*** New Fun #6 - October, published by National Allied Newspaper Syndicate.
* ***Rose Psychic*** New Fun #6 - October, published by National Allied Newspaper Syndicate.


title: List of rivers of La Araucanía Region

abstract: The information regarding List of rivers in the Araucanía Region on this page has been compiled from the data supplied by GeoNames. It includes all features named "Rio", "Canal", "Arroyo", "Estero" and those Feature Code is associated with a stream of water. This list contains 662 water streams.

text:
# List of rivers of La Araucanía Region

The information regarding **List of rivers in the Araucanía Region** on this page has been compiled from the data supplied by GeoNames. It includes all features named "Rio", "Canal", "Arroyo", "Estero" and those *Feature Code* is associated with a stream of water. This list contains 662 water streams.

## Content

This list contains:

1. **Name** of the stream, in Spanish Language
2. **Coordinates** are latitude and longitude of the feature in ± decimal degrees, at the mouth of the stream
3. **Link** to a map including the *Geonameid* (a number which uniquely identifies a Geoname feature)
4. **Feature Code** explained in
5. **Other names** for the same feature, if any
6. **Basin countries** additional to Chile, if any

## List

(Some rivers flow in 2 regions, e.g. Araucania and Bío Bío Regions, like Tirúa, Lleulleu and others. **Bío-Bío River**, flows in the Bío-Bío Region, but some tributaries flows also in the Araucania Region. For overview we repeat here the complete Bío-Bío Drainage system, and the simple rivers that cross the regions)

—List of rivers--

1. The GeoNames country data of Chile data was retrieved on September 7, 2014, from http://download.geonames.org/export/dump/CL.zip