title: United States v. Marcum

abstract: United States of America v. Technical Sergeant Eric P. Marcum, 60 M.J. 198 is a United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces (CAAF) decision which, among other issues, upheld Article 125 (Sodomy) of the Uniform Code of Military Justice against a facial substantive due process challenge, and ruled that the Supreme Court's decision in Lawrence v. Texas, 539 U.S. 558 (2003) applied in analyzing as-applied challenges. The decision is thus binding precedent on all courts-martial in determining if an Article 125 prosecution is constitutional.

text:
# United States v. Marcum

***United States of America v. Technical Sergeant Eric P. Marcum***, 60 M.J. 198 (C.A.A.F. 2004) is a United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces (CAAF) decision which, among other issues, upheld Article 125 (Sodomy) of the Uniform Code of Military Justice against a facial substantive due process challenge, and ruled that the Supreme Court's decision in *Lawrence v. Texas*, 539 U.S. 558 (2003) applied in analyzing as-applied challenges. The decision is thus binding precedent on all courts-martial in determining if an Article 125 prosecution is constitutional.

## Case history

The appellant, United States Air Force Technical Sergeant Eric P. Marcum, a cryptologic linguist assigned to Offutt Air Force Base near Omaha, Nebraska, was tried by court-martial for "dereliction of duty by providing alcohol to individuals under the age of 21, non-forcible sodomy, forcible sodomy, assault consummated by a battery, indecent assault, and three specifications of committing indecent acts". On May 21, 2000, Marcum was convicted of several charges, including non-forcible sodomy in violation of Article 125. He was "sentenced to confinement for 10 years, a dishonorable discharge, total forfeitures, and reduction to the lowest enlisted grade. The convening authority reduced the confinement to six years, but otherwise approved the findings and sentence". The Air Force Court of Criminal Appeals affirmed the findings and sentence. After that, the Supreme Court delivered its opinion in *Lawrence*.

The CAAF the reviewed the following issues:

ISSUE IWHETHER APPELLANT SUFFERED PREJUDICIAL ERROR WHEN HIS TRIAL DEFENSE COUNSEL REVEALED PRIVILEGED COMMUNICATIONS WITHOUT APPELLANT'S PERMISSION DURING THE SENTENCING PHASE OF APPELLANT'S TRIAL IN VIOLATION OF M.R.E. 502 AND 511. ISSUE IIWHETHER THE MILITARY JUDGE ERRED BY INSTRUCTING THE PANEL THAT THE MAXIMUM SENTENCE IN APPELLANT'S CASE WAS LIFE WITHOUT PAROLE WHEN THE PRESIDENT HAD NOT AUTHORIZED THAT PUNISHMENT FOR APPELLANT'S OFFENSES. ISSUE IIIWHETHER APPELLANT'S CONVICTION FOR VIOLATING ARTICLE 125, UCMJ, BY ENGAGING IN CONSENSUAL SODOMY (CHARGE II, SPECIFICATION 1) MUST BE SET ASIDE IN LIGHT OF THE UNITED STATES SUPREME COURT'S HOLDING IN LAWRENCE V. TEXAS, 123 S.CT. 2472 (2003).

### Due process challenge

In deciding the due process challenge, the Court first addressed the facial constitutional claim, rejecting it on the bases that "\[i\]n the military setting, as this case demonstrates, an understanding of military culture and mission cautions against sweeping constitutional pronouncements that may not account for the nuance of military life" and that "because Article 125 addresses both forcible and non-forcible sodomy, a facial challenge reaches too far". Turning to the as-applied challenge, the Court asked "\[f\]irst, was the conduct that the accused was found guilty of committing of a nature to bring it within the liberty interest identified by the Supreme Court? Second, did the conduct encompass any behavior or factors identified by the Supreme Court as outside the analysis in *Lawrence*? ... Third, are there additional factors relevant solely in the military environment that affect the nature and reach of the *Lawrence* liberty interest?" It then proceeded to reject the as-applied due process challenge, on the bases that "the military has consistently regulated relationships between servicemembers based on certain differences in grade in an effort to avoid partiality, preferential treatment, and the improper use of one's rank", that "this right \[to engage in private sexual conduct\] must be tempered in a military setting based on the mission of the military, the need for obedience of orders, and civilian supremacy", and that the appellant "also testified that he knew he should not engage in a sexual relationship with someone he supervised". Due to these factors, the "conduct fell outside the liberty interest identified by the Supreme Court" and the challenge was rejected.

### Privileged communication in sentencing

The Court ruled that the appellant had suffered a prejudicial error when his trial counsel presented an unsworn statement that had revealed privileged communications without the appellant's permission, on the basis that "\[e\]vidence of a statement or other disclosure of privileged matter is not admissible against the holder of the privilege if disclosure was compelled erroneously or was made without an opportunity for the holder of the privilege to claim the privilege" and that he "did not waive his attorney-client privilege. Appellant's affidavit demonstrates that defense counsel never asked Appellant for permission to use the written summary", and that "trial counsel repeatedly referred to Appellant's unsworn statement during his sentencing argument" On this basis, the Court reversed the sentence, authorizing a sentencing rehearing.

### Sentencing instruction

The court said that "In light of our decision on Issue I, we need not decide whether life without parole was an authorized punishment for forcible sodomy at the time of Appellant's offenses."

### Concurrence and dissent

Chief Judge Crawford wrote a concurring and dissenting opinion. Concurring with the rejection of the due process challenge, the judge disagreed with the majority's assumption that the "Appellant's conduct falls within the protected liberty interest enunciated in *Lawrence*." Chief Judge Crawford dissented from the decision to reverse the sentence on the basis that "defense counsel displayed his and Appellant's intent to disclose the statement to a third party and, in so doing, established that the statement was not privileged", that because "defense counsel extensively used Appellant's statement at trial to cross-examine Government witnesses", "Appellant cannot now claim that attorney-client privilege should have prevented the statement's release", and that "Appellant, by his own misconduct, forfeited any right to object to counsel's use of the statement".


title: Unterarzt (military)

abstract:
Unterarzt was a military rank in the German Reichswehr and Wehrmacht until 1945. It describes a qualified or licensed surgeon or dentist of the armed forces with the last or highest Officer Aspirant rank. According to the rank hierarchy it was comparable to Sergeant First Class or Chief Petty Officer NATO-Rangcode OR7
in anglophone armed forces.

text:
# Unterarzt (military)

**Unterarzt** (short: **UArzt** or **UA**) was a military rank in the German Reichswehr and Wehrmacht until 1945.

It describes a qualified or licensed surgeon or dentist of the armed forces with the last or highest Officer Aspirant (*O.A.* or *OA* – de: *Offizieranwärter*) rank. According to the rank hierarchy it was comparable to Sergeant First Class (de: Oberfeldwebel) or Chief Petty Officer (de: Oberbootsmann) NATO-Rangcode OR7 in anglophone armed forces.

## Wehrmacht

### Heer

In the German Wehrmacht from 1933 until 1945 there were the OR7-ranks *Unterarzt* (physician), *Unterapotheker* (pharmacologist), and *Unterveterinär* (veterinarian). It was also comparable to the Oberfähnrich/Oberfähnrich zur See OR7-rank.

In line to the so-called Reichsbesoldungsordnung (en: Reich's salary order), appendixes to the Salary law of the German Empire (de: Besoldungsgesetz des Deutschen Reiches) of 1927 (changes 1937 – 1940), the comparative ranks were as follows: C 15

* Oberfeldwebel (Heer and Luftwaffe)
* **Unterarzt** (medical service of the Wehrmacht)
    + Feldunterarzt, from 1940
* Unterveterinär (veterinarian service of the Wehrmacht)

The *corps colour* of the military Health Service Support (HSS) in German armed forces was traditional  dark blue*dark blue*, and of the veterinarian service  carmine red. This tradition was continued by the medical service corps in Heer and Luftwaffe of the Reichswehr and Wehrmacht. However, the *corps colour* of the *Waffen-SS* and *Kriegsmarine* HSS was  cornflower blue.

| junior Rank
no |
German medical officer rank
**Unterarzt**
(from 1940 Feldunterarzt) | senior Rank
Assistenzarzt |
| --- | --- | --- |

## Address

The manner of formal addressing of military surgeons/dentists with the rank *Unterarzt* was, „Herr Unterarzt“.

| Ranks Wehrmacht until 1945 | | | |
Ranks |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Medical service | en translation | Equivalent Heer | en equivalent | |
| Generaloberstabsarzt | Senior Staff-Surgeon General | General der Waffengattung | three star rank | OF-8 |
| Generalstabsarzt | Staff-Surgeon General | Generalleutnant | two star rank | OF-7 |
| Generalarzt | Surgeon General | Generalmajor | one star rank | OF-6 |
| Oberstarzt | Colonel (Dr.) | Oberst | Colonel | OF-5 |
| Oberfeldarzt | Lieutenant colonel (Dr.) | Oberstleutnant | Lieutenant colonel | OF-4 |
| Oberstabsarzt | Major (Dr.) | Major | | OF-3 |
| Stabsarzt | Captain (Dr.) | Hauptmann | Captain (army) | OF-2 |
| Oberarzt | First lieutenant (Dr.) | Oberleutnant | First lieutenant | OF-1a |
| Assistenzarzt | Second lieutenant (Dr.) | Leutnant | Second lieutenant | OF-1b |
| **Unterarzt** | Sergeant 1st Class (Dr.) | Fahnenjunker-Oberfeldwebel
(Oberfähnrich) | Officer Aspirant | OR-7 |
| Feldunterarzt (from 1940) | | | | |

1. The abbreviation "OR" stands for *"Other Ranks / fr: sous-officiers et militaires du rang / ru:другие ранги, кроме офицероф"*
2. Besoldungsgesetz vom 16. Dezember 1927 (RGBl. I …, C Soldaten S. 391), changes 1937 to 1940
3. “War and victory 1870-71”, culture history, published by Julius von Pflugk-Harttung. (Original title: Krieg und Sieg 1870-71, Kulturgeschichte, Herausgeber Julius von Pflugk-Harttung.)
4. F. Altrichter: “The reserve officer”, fourteenth checked addition, Berlin 1941, pages 158-159. (Original title: F. Altrichter: „Der Reserveoffizier“, vierzehnte durchgesehene Auflage, Berlin 1941, Seiten 158-159.)

## InfoBox

| Junior surgent
Unterarzt (UArzt/ UA) | |
| --- | --- |
| Collar patches and shoulder board | |
| Country | Nazi Germany |
| Service branch | Heer (Wehrmacht) |
| Rank | Officer Aspirant |
| NATO rank code | OR-7 |
| Next higher rank | Assistenzarzt (OF-1) |
| Next lower rank | no |
| Equivalent ranks | *See list* |


title: Unterasbach station

abstract: Unterasbach station is a railway station in the municipality of Oberasbach, located in the Fürth district in Bavaria, Germany. The station is on the Nuremberg–Crailsheim line of Deutsche Bahn.

text:
# Unterasbach station

**Unterasbach station** is a railway station in the municipality of Oberasbach, located in the Fürth district in Bavaria, Germany. The station is on the Nuremberg–Crailsheim line of Deutsche Bahn.

## InfoBox

| Unterasbach | |
| --- | --- |
| General information | |
| Location | Oberweihersbucherstr. 2
Oberasbach, Bavaria
Germany |
| Coordinates | 49°24′59.980″N 10°59′10.100″E / 49.41666111°N 10.98613889°E / 49.41666111; 10.98613889 |
| Elevation | 324 m (1,063 ft) |
| Owned by | DB Netz |
| Operated by | DB Station&Service |
| Line(s) | Nuremberg–Crailsheim railway (KBS 786/KBS 890.4) |
| Distance | 7.8 km (4.8 mi) from Nürnberg Hauptbahnhof |
| Platforms | 2 side platforms |
| Tracks | 2 |
| Train operators | DB Regio Bayern |
| Other information | |
| Station code | 6342 |
| DS100 code | NUA |
| IBNR | 8005976 |
| Category | 6 |
| Fare zone | VGN: 200 and 700 |
| Website | www.bahnhof.de |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station Nuremberg S-Bahn Following station  Oberasbachtowards Dombühl  S4  Nürnberg-Steintowards Nürnberg Hbf | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | |


title: Unterberg (Tyrol)

abstract: The Unterberg is a 1,187 m high, wooded, conical mountain peak above the Pillersee valley, near St. Ulrich am Pillersee and St. Jakob im Haus, Kitzbühel District, in Austria. It stands out amongst the neighbouring and rather higher peaks due to its regular shape and stands right on the transition from the gently rolling Kitzbühel Alps to the rugged Loferer Steinberge. The former consist of crystalline slate, hence their rounded shapes, whilst the "stone mountains" (Steinberge) to the east are dominated by limestone rock faces. As a result, the shape and colour contrast between the Unterberg and its surroundings- e. g. in comparison with the neighbouring Grieslegg peak - is all the more striking.

text:
# Unterberg (Tyrol)

The **Unterberg** is a 1,187 m high, wooded, conical mountain peak above the Pillersee valley, near St. Ulrich am Pillersee and St. Jakob im Haus, Kitzbühel District, in Austria.

It stands out amongst the neighbouring and rather higher peaks (the *Tannkogel* (1,289 m), *Weißleiten* (1,400 m) and *Grieslegg* (1,348 m)) due to its regular shape and stands right on the transition from the gently rolling Kitzbühel Alps to the rugged Loferer Steinberge. The former consist of crystalline slate, hence their rounded shapes, whilst the "stone mountains" (*Steinberge*) to the east are dominated by limestone rock faces. As a result, the shape and colour contrast between the Unterberg and its surroundings- e. g. in comparison with the neighbouring *Grieslegg* peak - is all the more striking.

## InfoBox

| Unterberg | |
| --- | --- |
| Unterbergon the transition from the Kitzbühel Alps to the Loferer Steinberge | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 1,187 m (AA) (3,894 ft) |
| Coordinates | 47°30′38″N 12°36′14″E / 47.51056°N 12.60389°E / 47.51056; 12.60389 |
| Geography | |
| Location | on the transition from the Kitzbühel Alps to the Loferer Steinberge |
| Parent range | Brixental |


title: Unmarried Mothers (1953 film)

abstract: Unmarried Mothers is a 1953 Swedish drama film directed by Hans Dahlin and Bengt Logardt and starring Eva Stiberg, Logardt, Öllegård Wellton and Lennart Lindberg. It was shot at the Centrumateljéerna Studios in Stockholm with location shooting around Vaxholm. The film's sets were designed by the art director Bibi Lindström.

text:
# Unmarried Mothers (1953 film)

***Unmarried Mothers*** (Swedish: ***Ogift fader sökes***) is a 1953 Swedish drama film directed by Hans Dahlin and Bengt Logardt and starring Eva Stiberg, Logardt, Öllegård Wellton and Lennart Lindberg. It was shot at the Centrumateljéerna Studios in Stockholm with location shooting around Vaxholm. The film's sets were designed by the art director Bibi Lindström.

## Cast

1. Stevenson p.276

## Bibliography

* Stevenson, Jack. *Scandinavian Blue: The Erotic Cinema of Sweden and Denmark in the 1960s and 1970s*. McFarland, 2010.

## InfoBox

| Unmarried Mothers | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Hans Dahlin
Bengt Logardt |
| Written by | Birgitta de Vylder-Bellander (novel)
Bengt Logardt |
| Produced by | Bengt Logardt |
| Starring | Eva Stiberg
Bengt Logardt
Öllegård Wellton
Lennart Lindberg |
| Cinematography | Rune Ericson |
| Edited by | Carl-Olov Skeppstedt |
| Music by | Roland Eiworth |
| Production
company | Sandrews |
| Distributed by | Sandrew-Baumanfilm |
| Release date | * 16 January 1953 (1953-01-16) |
| Running time | 107 minutes |
| Country | Sweden |
| Language | Swedish |


title: Unstructured Supplementary Service Data

abstract: Unstructured Supplementary Service Data (USSD), sometimes referred to as "quick codes" or "feature codes", is a communications protocol used by GSM cellular telephones to communicate with the mobile network operator's computers. USSD can be used for WAP browsing, prepaid callback service, mobile-money services, location-based content services, menu-based information services, and as part of configuring the phone on the network. The service does not require a messaging app, and does not incur charges. USSD messages are up to 182 alphanumeric characters long. Unlike short message service (SMS) messages, USSD messages create a real-time connection during a USSD session. The connection remains open, allowing a two-way exchange of a sequence of data. This makes USSD faster than services that use SMS. While GSM is being phased out in the 2020s with 2G and 3G technologies, USSD services can be supported over LTE, 5G, and IMS.

text:
# Unstructured Supplementary Service Data

**Unstructured Supplementary Service Data** (**USSD**), sometimes referred to as "**quick codes**" or "**feature codes**", is a communications protocol used by GSM cellular telephones to communicate with the mobile network operator's computers. USSD can be used for WAP browsing, prepaid callback service, mobile-money services, location-based content services, menu-based information services, and as part of configuring the phone on the network. The service does not require a messaging app, and does not incur charges.

USSD messages are up to 182 alphanumeric characters long. Unlike short message service (SMS) messages, USSD messages create a real-time connection during a USSD session. The connection remains open, allowing a two-way exchange of a sequence of data. This makes USSD faster than services that use SMS.

While GSM is being phased out in the 2020s with 2G and 3G technologies, USSD services can be supported over LTE, 5G, and IMS.

## Uses

When a user sends a message to the phone company network, it is received by a computer dedicated to USSD. The computer's response is sent back to the phone, generally in a basic format that can easily be seen on the phone display. Messages sent over USSD are not defined by any standardization body, so each network operator can implement whatever is most suitable for its customers.

USSD can be used to provide independent calling services such as a callback service (to reduce phone charges while roaming), enhance mobile marketing capabilities or interactive data services.

USSD is commonly used by prepaid GSM cellular phones to query the available balance. The vendor's "check balance" application hides the details of the USSD protocol from the user. On some pay as you go networks, such as Tesco Mobile, once a user performs an action that costs money, the user sees a USSD message with their new balance. USSD can also be used to refill the balance on the user's SIM card and to deliver one-time passwords or PIN codes.

Some operators use USSD to provide access to real-time updates from social-networking websites including Facebook and Twitter. Between 2012 and 2018, the Wikipedia Zero project provided access to Wikipedia articles via USSD.

USSD is sometimes used in conjunction with SMS. The user sends a request to the network via USSD, and the network replies with an acknowledgement of receipt:

"Thank you, your message is being processed. A message will be sent to your phone."

Subsequently, one or more mobile terminated SMS messages communicate the status and/or results of the initial request. In such cases, SMS is used to "push" a reply or updates to the handset when the network is ready to send them. In contrast, USSD is used for command-and-control only.

## Technical details

Most GSM phones have USSD capability. USSD is generally associated with real-time or instant messaging services. An SMSC is not present in the processing path, so that the store-and-forward capability supported by other short-message protocols such as SMS is not available.

USSD Phase 1, as specified in GSM 02.90, only supports mobile-initiated ("pull") operations. In the core network, the message is delivered over MAP, USSD Phase 2, as specified in GSM 03.90. After entering a USSD code on a GSM handset, the reply from the GSM operator is displayed within a few seconds.

While GSM is being phased out in the 2020s with 2G and 3G, a solution is available for supporting USSD services directly from the LTE/5G/IMS network, providing a similar user experience as in GSM.

### Format

A USSD message typically starts with an asterisk symbol (\*) or a hash symbol (#) and is terminated with a hash symbol (#). A typical message comprises digits for commands or data; groups of digits may be separated by additional asterisks.

### USSD mode

Mobile-initiated

* USSD/ PULL or USSD/ P2A
* when the user dials a code, e.g. \*139# from a GSM mobile handset

Network-initiated

* USSD/ PUSH or USSD/A2P
* when the user receives a push message from the network; primarily used for promotional services

| Example USSD codes |
| --- |
| \*101# |
| \*139\*1\*1234567890# |

## Man-Machine Interface

**The codes below are not USSD codes**, these are the related Man-Machine Interface (MMI); they are standardized so they are the same on every GSM phone. They are interpreted by the handset first before a corresponding command (not the code itself) is sent to the network. These codes might not always work when using an AT interface; there are standard AT commands defined for each of these actions instead.

**BS** is the type of bearer service, some valid values are:

* **11** for voice
* **13** for fax
* **16** for SMS (only valid for barring)
* **25** for data
* **\<leave blank\>** for all.

**T** is number of seconds for the No Reply Condition Timer, default is 20 seconds if not specified.

GSM USSD codes and their functions with various network operators
| Code | Function | Note | Switch on | Switch off | Display status |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 002 | all diversions | unconditional, busy, unreachable, does not answer | * * 002 * **number** * **BS** * **T** # | \# # 002 * * **BS** # | * # 002 * * **BS** # |
| 004 | all conditional redirections | busy, unreachable, does not answer | * * 004 * **number** * **BS** * **T** # | \# # 004 * * **BS** # | * # 004 * * **BS** # |
| 03 | Change Network password | password is network dependent, default on some networks is 0000. See call barring functions \*33 | * * 03 * 330 * **old password** * **new password** * **new password** # | | |
| 04 | Change PIN |  | * * 04 * **old PIN** * **new PIN** * **new PIN** # | | |
| 042 | Change PIN2 | Only with Phase 2 SIM | * * 042 * **old PIN2** * **new PIN2** * **new PIN2** # | | |
| 05 | Change PIN by PUK |  | * * 05 * **PUK** * **new PIN** * **new PIN** # | | |
| 052 | Change PIN2 via PUK | Only with Phase 2 SIM | * * 052 * **PUK** * **new PIN2** * **new PIN2** # | | |
| 06 | read device number (IMEI) |  | * # 06 # | | |
| 21 | unconditional divert | all incoming calls will be diverted | * * 21 * **number** * **BS** # | \# # 21 * * **BS** # | * # 21 * * **BS** # |
| 30 | get the caller's number displayed (CLIP) | as a callee get the CLIP displayed | * 30 # | \# 30 # | * # 30 # |
| 31 | suppressing the transmission of caller's phone number (CLIR) | for all subsequent calls | \# 31 # | * 31 # | * # 31 # |
| 31 | temporary change of the transmission of CLIR | valid just for the next call; no final # | \# 31 # **number** | * 31 # **number** |  |
| 330 | total incoming and outgoing service barring | password is network dependent, default on some networks is 0000 | * 330 * **password** * **BS** # | \# 330 * **password** * **BS** # | * # 330 * * **BS** # |
| 33 | outgoing call barring | password is network dependent, default on some networks is 0000 | * 33 * **password** * **BS** # | \# 33 * **password** * **BS** # | * # 33 * * **BS** # |
| 331 | outgoing international call barring | password is network dependent, default on some networks is 0000 | * 331 * **password** * **BS** # | \# 331 * **password** * **BS** # | * # 331 * * **BS** # |
| 332 | outgoing international call barring, excluding to home | password is network dependent, default on some networks is 0000 | * 332 * **password** * **BS** # | \# 332 * **password** * **BS** # | * # 332 * * **BS** # |
| 333 | total outgoing service barring | password is network dependent, default on some networks is 0000 | * 333 * **password** * **BS** # | \# 333 * **password** * **BS** # | * # 333 * * **BS** # |
| 35 | incoming call barring | password is network dependent, default on some networks is 0000. Incompatible with call diversion | * 35 * **password** * **BS** # | \# 35 * **password** * **BS** # | * # 35 * * **BS** # |
| 351 | incoming call barring, when international roaming | password is network dependent, default on some networks is 0000 | * 351 * **password** * **BS** # | \# 351 * **password** * **BS** # | * # 351 * * **BS** # |
| 353 | total incoming service barring | password is network dependent, default on some networks is 0000 | * 353 * **password** * **BS** # | \# 353 * **password** * **BS** # | * # 353 * * **BS** # |
| 37 | Call back on busy (CCBS) | valid on some mobile networks only | * 37 # | \# 37 # | * # 37 # |
| 43 | incoming call notification when busy | aka call waiting | * 43 * **BS** # | \# 43 * **BS** # | * # 43 * * **BS** # |
| 61 | call divert when not answered |  | * * 61 * **number** * **BS** * **T** # | \# # 61 * * **BS** # | * # 61 * * **BS** # |
| 62 | call divert when off or not reachable |  | * * 62 * **number** * **BS** # | \# # 62 * * **BS** # | * # 62 * * **BS** # |
| 67 | call divert when busy or pressing reject |  | * * 67 * **number** * **BS** # | \# # 67 * * **BS** # | * # 67 * * **BS** # |
| Code | Function | Note | Switch on | Switch off | Display status |


abstract: The Senate Banking Subcommittee on National Security and International Trade and Finance is one of five subcommittees within the Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs.

text:
# United States Senate Banking Subcommittee on National Security and International Trade and Finance

The **Senate Banking Subcommittee on National Security and International Trade and Finance** is one of five subcommittees within the Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs.

## Jurisdiction

The Subcommittee on Security and International Trade and Finance oversees export and foreign trade promotion, federal export controls and financing, international economic policy, and international financial and development institutions. International organizations or federal agencies that fall under its jurisdiction are the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the U.S. Export-Import Bank, the International Trade Administration, and the Bureau of Industry and Security.

## Members, 118th Congress

| Majority  Minority   *Ex officio* |
| --- |

## Historical subcommittee rosters

### 117th Congress

| Majority  Minority   *Ex officio* |
| --- |

1. "Subcommittees". *United States Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs*. Archived from the original on 6 March 2023. Retrieved 11 March 2023.
2. "Chairman Brown and Ranking Member Toomey Announce Banking Subcommittee Assignments for the 117th Congress". *United States Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs*. 1 March 2021. Archived from the original on 16 December 2022. Retrieved 11 March 2023.


title: Uppland Runic Inscription 485

abstract: Uppland Runic Inscription 485 or U 485 is the Rundata catalog number for a Viking Age memorial runestone that is located in Marma, which is about six kilometers northeast of Knivsta, Uppsala County, Sweden, which was in the historic province of Uppland.

text:
# Uppland Runic Inscription 485

**Uppland Runic Inscription 485** or **U 485** is the Rundata catalog number for a Viking Age memorial runestone that is located in Marma, which is about six kilometers northeast of Knivsta, Uppsala County, Sweden, which was in the historic province of Uppland.

## Description

This inscription consists of runic text in the younger futhark carved on a serpent or lindworm that circles a central area where it then becomes intertwined with a ribbon beast in the center. A Christian cross is near the top of the inscription. The granite runestone, which is 1.8 meters in height, was placed on its current base in 1925. It is classified as being carved in runestone style Pr5, which is also known as Urnes style. This runestone style is characterized by slim and stylized animals that are interwoven into tight patterns. The animal heads are typically seen in profile with slender almond-shaped eyes and upwardly curled appendages on the noses and the necks. This stone is considered to be a good example of an inscription in style Pr5.

The inscription is signed with the runes **ofaigr ybiʀ** by the runemaster Öpir, who was active in the Uppland area in the late 11th and early 12th centuries. The first word in Old Norse is *Ofæigʀ*, which combines a negative prefix *ó* with *feigr* to mean "death bound" or "fated to die" but without any negative connotations intended, thus making a name meaning "Not Doomed." This is the only runic inscription of Öpir with this first name, and it has been suggested that this was the given name of Öpir. The name he used in his other surviving signed inscriptions was the sobriquet or nickname Öpir, which means "Shouter."

The runic text states that the stone was raised by two brothers named Þrótti and Ingulfr as a memorial to their father Sigviðr and by a woman named Ingifastr to her husbandman. The name Ingifastr was carved in runes as **inkifa=st**, which uses a bind rune to combine an a-rune and an s-rune. Another inscription which used a bind rune to combine these same two runes, which was also signed by Öpir, is the Varangian runestone Sö 308 from Vid Järnavägen. Bind runes appear disproportionately in names in runic texts, and it has been suggested that they may have been sometimes used to draw attention to a name, similar to the way that initial capital letters are used to start names in European languages today.

## Inscription

### Transliteration of the runes into Latin characters

**þroti ' uk ' ingulfr ' litu ' rita stain ' iftiʀ ' sihuiþ ' faþur ' sin ' uk ' inkifa=st ' at ' bonta ' sin ' in ' ofaigr ' ybiʀ ' risti**

### Transcription into Old Norse

*Þrotti ok Ingulfʀ letu retta stæin æftiʀ Sigvið, faður sinn, ok Ingifast at bonda sinn. En Ofæigʀ/ofæigʀ Øpiʀ risti.*

### Translation in English

Þrótti and Ingulfr had the stone erected in memory of Sigviðr, their father; and Ingifastr in memory of her husbandman. And Ófeigr / the not doomed Öpir carved.

59°46′54″N 17°50′13″E / 59.78167°N 17.83694°E / 59.78167; 17.83694


title: Uppland Runic Inscription 489

abstract: This Viking Age runestone, listed under Rundata as runic inscription U 489, was originally located in Morby, Uppland, Sweden, and is a memorial to a woman.

text:
# Uppland Runic Inscription 489

This Viking Age runestone, listed under Rundata as runic inscription **U 489**, was originally located in Morby, Uppland, Sweden, and is a memorial to a woman.

## Description

This runestone was shipped together with two other runestones, runic inscriptions U 896 and U 1011, to the Exposition Universelle in Paris in 1867. Today it is located at Uppsala University at the *Universitetsparken* (University Park).

The reference to bridge-building in the runic text is fairly common in rune stones during this time period. Some are Christian references related to passing the bridge into the afterlife. At this time, the Catholic Church sponsored the building of roads and bridges through the use of indulgences in return for intercession for the soul. There are over one hundred examples of bridge runestones that have been dated from the eleventh century, including inscriptions Sö 101 in Ramsund, Sö 328 in Tynäs, U 617 in Bro, U 861 in Norsta, and U 993 in Brunnby. On this runestone, the Christian message is reinforced by the image of the cross within the serpent text band.

It is unusual for a memorial runestone to be dedicated to a woman, and even more unusual for a memorial to a woman be sponsored by a woman. A survey indicated that less than 1 per cent of all runestones fall into this later category. The husband of Gillaug is not mentioned in the inscription as a sponsor of the stone. This could be because Ulfr was dead at the time of the carving of this memorial for his wife.

This runestone is signed by the runemaster Öpir, who was active in the late 11th and early 12th centuries. It is classified as being carved in runestone style Pr4, also known as late Urnes style. This runestone style is characterized by slim and stylized animals that are interwoven into tight patterns. The animal heads are typically seen in profile with slender almond-shaped eyes and upwardly curled appendages on the noses and the necks.

## Inscription

khulu

Gullaug(?)

'

lit

let

'

kira

gæra

'

bro

bro

fr

fyr

ant

and

'

kilaua

Gillaugaʀ,

'

totur

dottur

'

sin

sinnaʀ

'

uk

ok

sum

sum

'

ati

atti

'

ulfr

Ulfʀ.

'

ybiʀ

Øpiʀ

risti

risti.

khulu ' lit ' kira ' bro fr ant ' kilaua ' totur ' sin ' uk sum ' ati ' ulfr ' ybiʀ risti

Gullaug(?) {} let {} gæra {} bro fyr and {} Gillaugaʀ, {} dottur {} sinnaʀ {} ok sum {} atti {} Ulfʀ. {} Øpiʀ risti.

Gullaug(?) had the bridge made for the spirit of Gillaug, her daughter, and whom Ulfr owned (i.e. was married to). Öpir carved.

59°51′28″N 17°37′53″E / 59.8577°N 17.6314°E / 59.8577; 17.6314

## InfoBox

| Uppland Runic Inscription 489 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Created | eleventh century |
| Discovered | Uppsala University, Uppsala, Uppland, Sweden |
| Rundata ID | U 489 |
| Runemaster | Öpir |


title: Upright Channel State Park

abstract: Upright Channel Park is a former unit of the Washington State Park System consisting of 20 acres (8.1 ha) of island, beach, and tidelands on Upright Channel in the northwest corner of Lopez Island. The park was not listed as a Washington State Parks property as of March 2014. San Juan County assumed management of the property per a memorandum of understanding in May 2014.

text:
# Upright Channel State Park

**Upright Channel Park** is a former unit of the Washington State Park System consisting of 20 acres (8.1 ha) of island, beach, and tidelands on Upright Channel in the northwest corner of Lopez Island. The park was not listed as a Washington State Parks property as of March 2014. San Juan County assumed management of the property per a memorandum of understanding in May 2014.

48°33′43″N 122°54′34″W / 48.562046°N 122.909347°W / 48.562046; -122.909347


title: Upright Motive No. 1: Glenkiln Cross

abstract: Upright Motive No. 1: Glenkiln Cross is a bronze sculpture by Henry Moore, cast in a number of copies in 1955–56. It was the first of a series of narrow vertical sculptures by Moore, who compared them to totem poles.

text:
# Upright Motive No. 1: Glenkiln Cross

***Upright Motive No. 1: Glenkiln Cross*** (LH 377) is a bronze sculpture by Henry Moore, cast in a number of copies in 1955–56. It was the first of a series of narrow vertical sculptures by Moore, who compared them to totem poles.

## Edition

There are versions in Glenkiln Sculpture Park, in Galloway, Scotland, from where it takes its name, the Kroller-Muller Museum in Otterlo in the Netherlands, the Amon Carter Museum in Fort Worth, Texas, and the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden in Washington, D.C. Some of these are mounted in a row with others of the "Upright Motive" series, as at Otterlo and Fort Worth; three in a row producing a reminiscence of the three crosses in the Crucifixion of Jesus.

## History

Moore described how the original idea came from a commission for an Olivetti building in Milan, where he "visited the site and a lone Lombardy poplar growing behind the building convinced me that a vertical work would act as the correct counterfoil to the horizontal rhythm of the building. This idea grew ultimately into the 'Upright Motifs'." Between 1951 and 1976, Sir William Keswick, who owned the Glenkiln estate, bought and arranged works by Henry Moore, Jacob Epstein, and Auguste Rodin, creating the world's first collection of sculpture in a landscape setting, Glenkiln Sculpture Park. Moore and Keswick installed the first cast of the cross on a hilltop, where they saw a shepherd and his flock; Moore said "From a distance it looks rather like one of the old Celtic crosses."

## InfoBox

| Upright Motive No. 1: Glenkiln Cross | |
| --- | --- |
| Sculpture in the area around Glenkiln reservoir | |
| Artist | Henry Moore |
| Year | 1955–56 |
| Catalogue | LH 377 |
| Type | Bronze |
| Dimensions | 333.7 cm × 97.5 cm × 97 cm (131+38 in × 38+38 in × 38 in) |


title: Unpledged elector

abstract: In United States presidential elections, an unpledged elector is a person nominated to stand as an elector but who has not pledged to support any particular presidential or vice presidential candidate, and is free to vote for any candidate when elected a member of the Electoral College. Presidential elections are indirect, with voters in each state choosing electors on Election Day in November, and these electors choosing the president and vice president of the United States in December. Electors in practice have since the 19th century almost always agreed in advance to vote for a particular candidate — that is, they are said to have been pledged to that candidate. In several elections in the 20th century, however, competitive campaigns were mounted by candidates who made no pledge to any presidential nominee before the election. These anomalies largely arose from fissures within the Democratic Party over the issues of civil rights and segregation. No serious general election campaign has been mounted to elect unpledged electors in any state since 1964. An unpledged elector is distinct from a faithless elector who pledges their vote for a particular candidate before the election but ultimately votes for someone else or fails to vote at all.

text:
# Unpledged elector

In United States presidential elections, an **unpledged elector** is a person nominated to stand as an elector but who has not pledged to support any particular presidential or vice presidential candidate, and is free to vote for any candidate when elected a member of the Electoral College. Presidential elections are indirect, with voters in each state choosing electors on Election Day in November, and these electors choosing the president and vice president of the United States in December. Electors in practice have since the 19th century almost always agreed in advance to vote for a particular candidate — that is, they are said to have been *pledged* to that candidate. In several elections in the 20th century, however, competitive campaigns were mounted by candidates who made no pledge to any presidential nominee before the election. These anomalies largely arose from fissures within the Democratic Party over the issues of civil rights and segregation. No serious general election campaign has been mounted to elect unpledged electors in any state since 1964.

An unpledged elector is distinct from a faithless elector who pledges their vote for a particular candidate before the election but ultimately votes for someone else or fails to vote at all.

## Constitutional background

When the United States Constitution was written, the Founding Fathers intended the Electoral College to be a truly deliberative body whose members would choose a president (and vice president, after 1800) based on their own preferences. They also left the method for selecting the electors for each state to the discretion of that state's legislature. Other than the implied expectation that the electors vote for candidates who are constitutionally qualified to serve as president and vice president, the Constitution otherwise places no restriction on the behavior of the electors, and assumes that each is an independent agent.

The system worked without much controversy for the first two presidential elections in which George Washington was the unanimous choice for president and electors' opinions diverged only on the choice for vice president, which was widely seen to be an unimportant post. Washington was not a member of any political party, and had hoped they would not form. Nevertheless, "Federalist" and "Anti-Federalist" factions quickly coalesced in the United States Congress.

Once Washington announced his intention to retire after his second presidential term, U.S. politics very quickly became dominated by strong political party organizations. Even without this particular development, the reality was that electors had only one constitutional duty – electing the president and vice president, while at the same time seeking no other federal office since federal officials are constitutionally barred from serving as electors. In several states, legislatures chose electors. Among the states that selected electors by popular vote, different electoral systems were in place. Some effectively held a statewide vote for all electors – essentially the system most similar to that used in 48 of 50 states today although at this time an electoral mechanism that could effectively compel voters to vote for any particular "slate" of presidential electors had not yet been contemplated. Some states elected two electors in a statewide vote and one in each congressional district (essentially, the system used today in Maine and Nebraska) and a few states experimented with selecting presidential electors in special districts distinct from its congressional districts. More broadly, the franchise (that is, the qualifications that determined who among the adult male population was allowed to vote for state and federal legislators and, where applicable, for presidential electors) varied widely from state to state. However, no matter who was allowed to vote for electors and no matter how they were selected, the only meaningful question any prospective elector had to answer was for whom they would vote for president (and, from 1804 onward, for vice president) and the only real issues of importance to those selecting electors, beyond deciding who they wanted to become president and vice president, was perhaps whether the person or people they selected to represent them in the Electoral College could be trusted to keep their word. Thus, it rapidly became increasingly unrealistic for anyone to be elected to the Electoral College without making a trustworthy "pledge" to vote for particular candidates on behalf of those electing them.

By the 1830s, most states chose their electors by popular vote. While voting for individual electors was still the norm at this point, by this time the electors who appeared on ballots were nominated by the state chapters of national parties with the understanding that they would cast their votes for their party's candidate if elected. Also by this time, political parties had successfully lobbied most states to allow voters to cast one vote for every elector that state had apportioned to it. The main rationale of this system was to greatly simplify the distribution of presidential ballots. Prior to the introduction of the secret ballot, political parties were responsible for printing and distributing their own ballots, thus, allowing voters to cast as many votes as the state had electors meant a party could print a standardized ballot containing the same slate of the party's presidential electors for each state. Also, whether an intended consequence or not, this system resulted in most states having a *de facto* (but not *de jure*) winner-take-all method of allocating presidential electors.

Eventually, this arrangement became such a given in presidential elections that when the time came for the states to take over the printing and distribution of ballots (a development necessitated by the introduction of the secret ballot in the 1880s) most states did not bother to list the names of the electors on ballots, instead listing the candidates to whom those electors were pledged. In doing so, they also ensured that the winner-take-all method of selecting presidential electors that had become so firmly entrenched in the U.S. presidential electoral system by that point would become established by law in most states. There were some exceptions, however, such as Alabama, described below.

## Unpledged electors in the 20th century

### Background

After the American Civil War and Reconstruction, the Democratic Party gained an almost unbreakable dominance in the Southern United States, and the Republicans, associated with Abraham Lincoln and the Union cause, were correspondingly unelectable there. The nationwide Democratic party became increasingly liberal in the early 20th century, a shift that accelerated with the election of Franklin D. Roosevelt. By contrast, the leaders of the Democratic Party in the South, although somewhat supportive of certain parts of the New Deal and other liberal Democratic economic policies, were in many other aspects conservative. In particular, they were vehemently protective of segregation and strongly opposed to civil rights for African Americans.

In several mid-20th-century elections, unpledged Democratic electors appeared on the ballots in several Southern states; in some cases they ran in opposition to electors pledged to the nationwide Democratic candidate, and in others they were the only Democratic electors that appeared on the ballot. The goal was to have electors who could act as kingmakers in a close election, extracting concessions that would favor conservative Southern Democrats in exchange for their votes.

### Election

#### 1944

The first modern slates of unpledged electors were fielded in the 1944 election as a protest against certain aspects of President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal and support for desegregation.

In Texas, a splinter group of Democrats known as the Texas Regulars fielded a slate of electors not pledged to any candidate; similar slates were on the ballot in South Carolina and Mississippi. While they won or placed second in several counties, none of the groups met much success.

#### 1956

In 1956, unpledged slates were on the ballot in Alabama (20,150 votes, 4.1% of the vote), Louisiana (44,520 votes, 7.2% of the vote and they won four parishes), Mississippi (42,266 votes, 17.3% of the vote and they won seven counties) and South Carolina (88,509 votes, 29.5% of the vote and 21 counties).

#### 1960

The 1960 election was the only election that saw unpledged electors actually elected to the electoral college.

In that year, a slate of eight unpledged electors in Mississippi won a plurality of the vote there (116,248 votes, or 39% of the total).

Louisiana's popular vote went to a slate of electors pledged to Kennedy and Johnson, but a slate of unpledged electors on the ballot there won 169,572 votes (21% of the vote).

In Georgia, the state legislature, although allowing for a separate group of unpledged electors according to state law, requested the people give a non-binding straw vote to determine whether Kennedy should have pledged electors on the ballot or whether his electors should be free to choose to act as unpledged electors. The voters overwhelmingly supported the "Pledge Free" Electors, but after it was clear they ultimately wouldn’t affect the Electoral College’s decision all Georgia electors voted for Kennedy, despite concerns they would abandon their pledges and become faithless electors.

In Alabama, the vote was not for the presidential candidates but for individual electors, with each of the 11 electors having their own separate elections. As a result of Alabama's Democratic primaries, five of the eleven nominated Democratic electors were pledged to Democratic nominees John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson and six were unpledged. Although all eleven Democratic electors were elected, the unusual situation has led to ambiguity about the correct method to calculate popular votes for Kennedy and the unpledged electors. The common practice is to give Kennedy the votes for his most-voted pledged elector and to give unpledged electors their popular votes by subtracting the votes for the most-voted unpledged elector by the votes for the most-voted Kennedy-pledged elector; the unusual calculation for the unpledged electors is done so that the total votes align with the estimated total number of people who voted in Alabama's presidential contest (although the exact number is uncertain because voters are allowed to abstain from voting for all 11 electors' elections). However, the electoral split between Kennedy and the Unpledged Electors has been used to argue for an lesser-used method of splitting the vote of the highest-voted Democratic elector proportionally between Kennedy and the Unpledged; some have used said vote split to argue that Kennedy had lost the popular vote to Nixon, both in the Alabama popular vote and resultantly the national popular vote. Even disregarding proportionally splitting the vote of the highest-voted Democratic elector, simply summing Kennedy and Nixon's total votes from their multiple electors and evenly splitting them among the 11 electors' races would give Nixon a national popular vote victory of 34,108,157 to 34,076,629. Such calculation would temporarily be used in the *Congressional Quarterly* before the change to the current vote-counting method.

When the electoral college cast its vote, all fourteen unpledged electors cast their votes for conservative Democrat Harry F. Byrd for president and Strom Thurmond for vice president after trying to influence other Southern states into unpledging their electors to join them. They were joined by Henry D. Irwin from Oklahoma, a faithless Republican elector who objected to Republican nominee Richard M. Nixon. Irwin cast his vice presidential vote for Barry Goldwater. Irwin had attempted to broker a coalition between the unpledged electors and other Republican electors, but to no avail: Kennedy and Johnson won a clear majority of the electoral vote.

#### 1964

The last slate of unpledged electors to date was filed in Alabama in the 1964 election. The slate was supported by Democratic Alabama Governor George C. Wallace while the national Democratic nominees, Lyndon B. Johnson and Hubert H. Humphrey, did not appear on Alabama ballots. The electors won 30.6 percent of the vote, but the state was ultimately won by Republican nominees Barry Goldwater and William E. Miller.

### Aftermath

The Republican ticket's victory in Alabama and four other Southern states (the only states Goldwater carried besides his home state of Arizona) heralded a trend that would put an end to the practice of nominating unpledged electors.

As a strategy, it had been largely ineffective, and southern conservatives, many of whom were still reluctant to vote Republican, began urging Governor Wallace to run for the White House in 1968 under the auspices of a traditional third-party presidential campaign. Once Wallace announced his intention to run for president, the rationale for running slates of formally unpledged electors disappeared. Nevertheless, Wallace sought commitments from his "pledged" electors in the states he was most likely to win that they would not necessarily vote for him but rather as he directed, thus allowing the Alabama Governor to act as a power broker in case of an election with no clear winner in the weeks between the general election and the Electoral College vote. Wallace ultimately carried four Southern states under the American Independent Party banner, in addition to his home state of Alabama in which he ran as the official nominee of the state's Democratic Party. While a shift of a few thousand votes in a handful of key states would have resulted in no candidate winning a clear majority of the electoral vote, Republican Richard Nixon ultimately won a clear majority of the electoral vote. Unable to influence the result, Wallace's 45 electors voted as pledged - he ultimately finished with 46 electoral votes due to the support of a North Carolinian faithless elector.

Following Nixon's triumph in 1968, former Southern Democratic supporters began voting Republican in large numbers. By 1972, Wallace was seeking the national Democratic nomination on a more moderate platform in a presidential campaign that was ultimately cut short after he was seriously wounded by a would-be assassin. Nixon would sweep the South in his landslide victory that year. By the time the Democrats regained the White House following the 1976 election, it was under the candidacy of Jimmy Carter, a Southerner who in contrast to most of his predecessors was firmly opposed to segregation. Carter nevertheless managed to almost sweep the South, with Virginia being the only former Confederate state to not vote for him. Many other Southern Democrats, including Wallace himself, would soon follow Carter's lead.

The 1976 presidential was the last such contest in which the Democratic nominee carried a majority of Southern states. Today, the practice of nominating unpledged electors combined with Wallace's third-party presidential campaign can be seen as a transitional phase between the Democrats' traditional hold on the South and the modern political environment where the region is a Republican stronghold and where state Democratic parties, while still more conservative in some respects compared to other regions, tend to be to the left of the Republicans as in the rest of the country and tend to be more supported in predominantly African-American locales.


title: Urania brasiliensis

abstract: Urania brasiliensis is a day-flying moth of the family Uraniidae first described by William John Swainson in 1833.

text:
# Urania brasiliensis

***Urania brasiliensis*** is a day-flying moth of the family Uraniidae first described by William John Swainson in 1833.

## Distribution

*Urania brasiliensis* is found in the Atlantic forest of Brazil. It is one of the two species of genus *Urania* found in that country.

## InfoBox

| *Urania brasiliensis* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Uraniidae |
| Genus: | *Urania* |
| Species: | ***U. brasiliensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Urania brasiliensis***<br>(Swainson, 1833) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Leilus brasiliensis* Swainson, 1833 | |


title: Unplugged (Siti Nurhaliza album)

abstract: Unplugged is a live album by Malaysian recording artist Siti Nurhaliza. It was released in multiple formats, both physical and digital in Malaysia on 30 June 2015. The main live tracks were all taken from her 2015 unplugged concert at Istana Budaya on 7 April 2015. The CD, digital download and LP record versions of the album however come with three new bonus songs, "Menatap dalam Mimpi", "Engkau" ("You") and "Mikraj Cinta". All were recorded specifically to accompany the three audio releases. On June 21, 2015, "Mikraj Cinta", one of its bonus tracks was released as an official debut single for the album. On 25 August 2015, another two of Unplugged bonus tracks were nominated for the 2015 Anugerah Planet Muzik. "Menatap dalam Mimpi" is nominated for the category of Best Artiste (Female) while "Engkau" is nominated for the Best Collaboration (Song). On December 18, 2016, Unplugged received four awards from seven nominations from 22nd Anugerah Industri Muzik, including for Best Vocal Performance in a Song (Female), Best Nasyid Song for "Mikraj Cinta", Best Musical Arrangement in a Song for "Menatap dalam Mimpi", and Best Album.

text:
# Unplugged (Siti Nurhaliza album)

***Unplugged*** (also known as ***Dato' Siti Nurhaliza Unplugged***) is a live album by Malaysian recording artist Siti Nurhaliza. It was released in multiple formats, both physical and digital in Malaysia on 30 June 2015. The main live tracks were all taken from her 2015 unplugged concert at Istana Budaya on 7 April 2015. The CD, digital download and LP record versions of the album however come with three new bonus songs, "Menatap dalam Mimpi" ("Staring in a Dream"), "Engkau" ("You") and "Mikraj Cinta" ("Ascension of Love"). All were recorded specifically to accompany the three audio releases.

On June 21, 2015, "Mikraj Cinta", one of its bonus tracks was released as an official debut single for the album. On 25 August 2015, another two of *Unplugged* bonus tracks were nominated for the 2015 Anugerah Planet Muzik. "Menatap dalam Mimpi" is nominated for the category of Best Artiste (Female) while "Engkau" is nominated for the Best Collaboration (Song). On December 18, 2016, *Unplugged* received four awards from seven nominations from 22nd Anugerah Industri Muzik, including for Best Vocal Performance in a Song (Female), Best Nasyid Song for "Mikraj Cinta", Best Musical Arrangement in a Song for "Menatap dalam Mimpi", and Best Album.

## Background and recording

> "This is my gift to my fans who have been supporting my career since day one. I don’t think I will be able to be where I am today without the strong support from fans and those around me including family and the media."

—Siti Nurhaliza on recording *Unplugged*

In the creation process of this record, the main performances are all taken from her one night only 2015 unplugged concert on 7 April 2015. The planning and the execution of the whole live concert took Siti and her team less than three weeks. Although the whole process was done at the eleventh hour, the concert was a success. Held at Istana Budaya, all the tickets sold out days before the concert date and the concert was lauded by critics especially for Siti's vocal performances. The concert also marked her 20th year in the Malaysian music industry ever since she won 1995 Bintang HMI at the age of 16.

The inclusion of bonus tracks to accompany the audio releases of the album was done after the concert. One of the tracks, "Mikraj Cinta" (Ascension of Love), a track written by Hafiz Hamidun and Ahmad Fedtri Yahya was actually first performed live during her performance for "Sirah Rasullulah" (Life of the Messenger of God) on 3, 4 and 7 January 2015 in conjunction with Prophet Muhammad's mawlid. Inspired from the event of Isra and Mi'raj, a violinist from West Asia was hired to provide an original Arabic sound. The remaining two bonus tracks, "Engkau" (You) and "Menatap dalam Mimpi" (Observing in Dream or figuratively Staring in a Dream) were produced by Aubrey Suwito with the lyrics of the two were provided by Ade Govinda and Rozi Sang Dewi respectively. According to Aubrey, he was inspired to produce the melody for "Menatap dalam Mimpi" upon seeing a poem that was uploaded by Rozi on her Twitter account. He completed the whole song in only 20 minutes. Recorded at Aubrey's recording studio, according to Siti, "It possesses the musical elements that require me to diversify the usage of my vocal range. It would not be wrong for me to say, that it is like a musical song that we often heard in films by Walt Disney."

For the iTunes version of the album, two more additional bonus tracks are added, which are essentially the acoustic version of "Menatap dalam Mimpi" and "Engkau". According to Rozi, who is also Siti's personal manager, the two additional tracks are a "bonus to the bonus tracks".

## Synopsis

The concert began with Siti performing "Membunuh Benci" while accompanied by Aubrey Suwito on piano, who was the musical director for the concert. This was followed by the first medley of the unplugged concert, composed of the first two upbeat songs of the show, "Mahligai Asmara" and "Satu Cinta Dua Jiwa" where she started to dance while singing. She resumed her performance by performing the second medley of the concert composed of "Jawapan di Persimpangan", "Purnama Merindu" and "Diari Hatimu" and followed by another medley composed of "Aku Cinta Padamu" and "Biarlah Rahsia". For the next performance she invited Awi Rafael, the composer of "Mula dan Akhir," to accompany her on guitar while she sang the tune that he composed for her most recent album, *Fragmen*. Siti returned to upbeat songs in a medley of "Tanpa Kalian" and "Intrig Cinta" before she went to perform another medley of her ballads, "Usah Diragui", "Wajah Kekasih" and "Kau Kekasihku". Before the second half begins, the audience is entertained by the musicians and the background singers who performed "Seindah Biasa".

In the second half of the concert, Siti invited Faizal Tahir to accompany her on guitar while she sang "Aku" and "Warna Dunia", the former of which was composed by Faizal for *Fragmen*. Later she also invited Dato' Adnan Abu Hassan to accompany her on piano to the songs that were written and composed by him, "Jerat Percintaan" and "Gelora Asmara". She resumed her performance with another three medleys. The first one is a medley of cover songs, "Epilog Cinta dari Bromley" by Sohaimi Mior Hassan and "Suratan Atau Kebetulan" by Kenny, Remy and Martin, followed by a medley of her songs again which was a medley of "Engkau Bagaikan Permata" and "Cahaya Seribu Liku". The final medley of the concert was a medley of three songs from *Fragmen* that were written by Indonesian songwriters and composers — "Sanubari", "Terbaik Bagimu" and "Kau Sangat Bererti". She finished the show by performing all the songs from *Fragmen* that were released as singles including "Jaga Dia Untukku", "Lebih Indah" and "Seluruh Cinta".

Throughout the concert she intermittently shared some details from her 20 years' worth of life and singing experiences, from her first recording session to her experiences in recording her latest album, *Fragmen*. Apart from the three guests artists, she also invited two lucky fans to accompany her on the stage – first before the performance of "Aku Cinta Padamu" and another one before the performance of "Tanpa Kalian".

## Release and promotion

The album was made available simultaneously for download and stream on various platforms including iTunes, Spotify and Deezer on 30 June 2015. It was officially launched at The Duchess Place, Kuala Lumpur on 2 July 2015. The album also marked her first album to ever be released in the LP record (vinyl) format. She also made an appearance on several television shows to promote the album, including on Wanita Hari Ini (Women Today) on TV3 and Muzik-Muzik, also on TV3.

To help promote the album, three meet and greet sessions were held at three separate locations – Plaza Angsana, Johor Bahru, Johor (29 August), Sunway Carnival Mall, Seberang Jaya, Penang (6 September) and Pavilion, Bukit Bintang, Kuala Lumpur (13 September).

## Commercial performance

In less than a day after the album was released to iTunes, it went straight to atop of the charts for three different countries – Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei. For the physical release of the album, 5000 copies were shipped in its first week alone.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Producer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Membunuh Benci" | * Muhammad Ashraf Bin Aasimudin * Hairul Anuar Bin Harun | * Aubrey Suwito | 4:41 |
| 2. | "Medley: Mahligai Asmara & Satu Cinta Dua Jiwa" | * Adnan Bin Abu Hassan * Norhani Bte Md Jamil * Azlan Bin Abu Hassan * Ishak Bin Ahmad | * Aubrey Suwito | 5:10 |
| 3. | "Medley: Jawapan di Persimpangan, Purnama Merindu & Diari Hatimu" | * Adnan Bin Abu Hassan * Othman Zainuddin * Mohd Azhar Bin Abu Bakar * Lukhman Bin Ab Kadir * Jahi Bin Hasim | * Aubrey Suwito | 6:23 |
| 4. | "Medley: Aku Cinta Padamu & Biarlah Rahsia" | * Rozman Bin Shafie * Norkhayati Bte Mohd Hashim * Melly Goeslaw * Siti Nurhaliza Bte Tarudin | * Aubrey Suwito | 6:00 |
| 5. | "Mula & Akhir" | * Awi Rafael * Tinta S | * Aubrey Suwito | 5:03 |
| 6. | "Medley: Intrig Cinta & Tanpa Kalian" | * Siti Nurhaliza Bte Tarudin * Rosli Bin Khamis * Mujahid Bin Haji Abdul Wahab | * Aubrey Suwito | 5:23 |
| 7. | "Medley: Usah Diragui, Wajah Kekasih & Kau Kekasihku" | * Zulkifli Bin Mahat * Habsah Bte Hassan * Adnan Bin Abu Hassan * Norhani Bte Md Jamil * Mohd Faizal Bin Maas * Rohayah Bte Daud | * Aubrey Suwito | 7:28 |
| 8. | "Medley: Aku & Warna Dunia" | * Michael Chan Wai Keong * Ahmad Faizal Bin Mohd Tahir * Lin Li Zhen * Rozi Sang Dewi | * Aubrey Suwito | 6:51 |
| 9. | "Medley: Jerat Percintaan & Gelora Asmara" | * Adnan Abu Hassan * Othman Zainuddin * Norhani Bte Mohd Jamil * Adnan Bin Abu Hassan * Faridah Bte Abdul Razak | * Aubrey Suwito | 6:31 |
| 10. | "Medley: Epilog Cinta dari Bromley & Suratan atau Kebetulan" | * Sohaimi Bin Mior Hassan * Tay Chia Tau * Habsah Bte Hassan | * Aubrey Suwito | 4:59 |
| 11. | "Medley: Engkau Bagaikan Permata & Cahaya Seribu Liku" | * Helen Yap Yu Pit * Siti Nurhaliza Bte Tarudin * Shamsuddin Bin Amir Hussain * Andy Flop Poppy * Siti Nurhaliza Bte Tarudin * Tanty | * Aubrey Suwito | 4:53 |
| 12. | "Medley: Sanubari, Terbaik Bagimu & Kau Sangat Bererti" | * Adi Priyo Sambodo * Ce Kem * Ade Govinda * Hamid Mufari | * Aubrey Suwito | 8:30 |
| 13. | "Jaga Dia Untukku" | * Aubrey Suwito * Rozi Sang Dewi | * Aubrey Suwito | 3:48 |
| 14. | "Lebih Indah" | * Aubrey Suwito * Ad Samad | * Aubrey Suwito | 5:46 |
| 15. | "Seluruh Cinta" | * Krishna Balagita | * Aubrey Suwito | 4:17 |
| Total length: | | | | 1:25:43 |

CD bonus tracks
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Producer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 16. | "Menatap dalam Mimpi" | * Aubrey Suwito * Rozi Sang Dewi | * Aubrey Suwito | 4:58 |
| 17. | "Engkau" | * Ade Govinda | * Aubrey Suwito | 4:37 |
| 18. | "Mikraj Cinta" | * Fedtri Yahya * Hafiz Hamidun | * Hafiz Hamidun | 4:37 |
| Total length: | | | | 14:12 |

iTunes bonus tracks
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Producer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 19. | "Menatap dalam Mimpi" (Acoustic) | * Aubrey Suwito * Rozi Sang Dewi | * Aubrey Suwito | 4:37 |
| 20. | "Engkau" (Acoustic) | * Ade Govinda | * Aubrey Suwito | 4:37 |
| Total length: | | | | 9:14 |

## Personnel

Credits adapted from *Unplugged* booklet liner notes.

### Main concert

Awi Rafael (*left*) and Faizal Tahir (*right*) are two of the guest artists that accompanied Siti during the concert when she was singing the songs that they composed for *Fragmen*.  * Adzwa – dance instructor
* Alud @ Khairul Azmir Abdul Hamid – concert manager, concert administrator
* Aniza – dancer
* Aubrey Suwito – musical director, post production, arrangement, piano
* Awi Rafael – guest artist
* Chandelier Trust Lighting Collection – sponsor
* Dato' Adnan Abu Hassan – guest artist
* Dato' Mohamed Juhari Shaarani – adviser
* Dato' Siti Nurhaliza – executive producer, vocals
* Derrick Siow – drums
* Fadzliana – dancer
* Faizal Tahir – guest artist
* Fara Wahida – dancer
* Firdaus Dalip – monitor engineer
* 'Fly' Halizor Hussein – electric bass, upright bass
* Joel Voo – acoustic guitar
* Juanita – background vocals
* Lentera Creative Home – sponsor
* Lim Jae Sern – violin
* Marina – dancer
* Miela @ Norfazilah Abu Seman – management/production
* Mohd Azli Othman – compere
* Mohd Rafi Shafie – acoustic guitar
* Moke Printing – sponsor
* Nur Iman @ Aiman – production manager
* Nurul Shuhada – dancer
* Nurul Shukor – make-up artist
* Ozlan Othman – lighting director
* Paradigm Studio – photography
* Rizman Ruzaini – wardrobe designer, sponsor
* Rozi Abdul Razak – idea, concept, script, coordinator
* Shaun Paiva – assistant sound engineer/recording,
* Siti Norsaida Tarudin – management/production
* Steve Thornton – percussion
* Sunil Kumar – sound engineer/recording, mixing
* Syaiful Rasyidi @ Ad – technical director
* Widy – background vocals
* Zaramiz Sdn. Bhd. – sponsor

### Istana Budaya workforce

Production  * Mohd Azli Othman – production
* Mohd Ferdaus Hassan – production
* Rozita Ismail – production
* Suhaimi Abdul Rahim – production

Management  * Azhar Mohamad – management
* Harttzery Nazry Hatta – management
* Kamarulanuar Ismail – management
* M Ramlee Hj Ismail – management
* Mohd Ridhuan Wan Mohd Zin – management
* Mohd Yusoff Bokhri – management

Audiovisual unit  * Hakimi Mohd Zain – audiovisual unit
* Jafri Hasan – audiovisual unit
* Mohamad Yusri Zain – audiovisual unit
* Mohd Zunohan Md Noor – audiovisual unit
* Mohd Zul'amri Amran – audiovisual unit
* Muhamad Fadzli Ramli – audiovisual unit

Stage management  * Anuar Mohamad Kassim – stage management
* Azrulnizam Aziz – stage management
* Barat Anak Echan – stage management
* Mohd Anuar Zakaria – stage management
* Mohd Sujak Othman – stage management
* Mohd Sufri Mohamad – stage management
* Sha'ari Hashin – stage management
* Yuzaidi Md Yusuf – stage management

Art and design  * Abdul Razak Abdol Rahim – art and design
* Mohd Azali Idris – art and design
* Mohd Khairul Adnan Khalid – art and design
* Rudy Efendy Jammakhir – art and design
* Sazali Ismail – art and design

Technical  * Ahmad Ruzaini Bin Mohd Sharif
* Ahmad Tarmizi Muhammad
* Amir Bin Abu
* Amir Husni Bin Hamidun
* Azhari Bin Abdul Rashid
* Azli Bin Baharuddin
* Azri Bin Seman
* Azzazial Bin Shuib
* Fareez Bin Sadikon
* Ilmi Bin Cek Hamid
* Ismail B. Mohammad
* Khairul Aizat Bin Alias
* Khairul Anuar Bin Jaafar
* Maharini Binti Bidin
* Mat Nuri Bin Mat Ali
* Mohammad Fairolnizam Bin Ali Othman
* Mohammad Faizal Bin Hj. Hamid
* Mohammed Herman Bin Majid
* Mohd Alizar Bin Sulaiman
* Mohd Fyrulnizam Bin Mohd Yusof
* Mohd Halimi Bin Hassan
* Mohd Nizam Abu Bakar
* Mohd Nizam B. Bakar
* Mohd Rizal Bin Johari @ Razak
* Mohd Yusoff Bin Kassim
* Muhammad Zaki Bin Abu Samah
* Nik Mohd Fadzir Bin Nik Ismail
* Osmar Bin Fariez
* Salleh Bin Muhammad
* Suzahani Bin Shuib
* Tines Kumar A/L Murugasu
* Wan Ayubee B. Wan Razoly
* Wan Mohd Azam Bin Wan Ishak
* Wan Zahari Bin Wan Ismail
* Zulkeflee Bin Husin

Front of House  * Abdul Malik Bin Osman
* Ahmad Jamri Bin Jamaluddin
* Aniza Bt. Baharom
* Azman Bin Abu Bakar
* Azrita Aida Bt. Abdul Aziz
* Boniface Anak Babai
* Fauziah Hanim Bt. Mohd. Zain
* Halimattun Bt. Mohd Nor
* Hamdan Bin Awang
* Hanipah Bt. Hairi
* Hasnul Bin Hassan
* Jailani Bin Abdul Razak
* Marina Mary Charles
* Md Firdaus Bin Alias
* Mohamad Nizam Bin Elias
* Mohd Aizat Bin Rusly
* Norhashimah Bt. Leman
* Nor Haslinda Bt. Abdul Manaf
* Nor Zulzaliana Bt. Yahya
* Nurul Wahida Bt. Zulkifli
* Roslinah Bt. Haroun
* Roszilawati Bt. Abd Rahim
* Rudy De Luna Jr
* Saniah Bt. Aziz
* Siti Norhabsah Bt. Syeikh Ahmad
* Siti Sarah Bt. Abdul Kalam
* Syaira Dalina Bt. Abdullah
* Zamri Bin Mohamad

### Album

Performers and musicians  * Ade Govinda – composer (track 17), lyricist (track 17)
* Aji – guitar (track 16, 17)
* Aksana Yupusova – violin (track 16, 17)
* Alla Yanisheva – violin (track 16, 17)
* Aubrey Suwito – composer (track 16), production (track 16, 17), arrangement (track 16, 17), music programming (track 16, 17)
* Brian Larson – violin (track 16, 17)
* Dato' Siti Nurhaliza – vocals (track 1–18)
* Emre Moğulkoç – strings (track 18)
* Fedtri Yahya – lyricist (track 18)
* Florian Antier – cello (track 16, 17)
* Greg Henderson – mixing (track 18)
* Hafiz Hamidun – composer (track 18), lyricist (track 18), arrangement (track 18), background vocals (track 18)
* Jae Sern Lim – violin (track 16, 17)
* Jay Franco (Sterling Sound) – mastering (track 1–18)
* Kelly – bass (track 18)
* Nasran Nawi – cello (track 16, 17)
* Rozi Sang Dewi – lyricist (track 16)
* Sunil Kumar – mixing (track 1–17)
* Toko Inomoto – viola (track 16, 17)
* Veronika Thoene – viola (track 16, 17)
* Wan Saleh – music programming (track 18)
* Yap Yen – violin (track 16, 17)
* Zul Visa – guitar (track 18)

Technical Personnel  * Dato' Siti Nurhaliza – executive producer
* Elaine – promotional unit (Universal Music Group)
* Fiffy – promotional unit (Universal Music Group)
* Idiaz Ismail – creation
* Kamal – promotional unit (Universal Music Group)
* Mujahid Abdul Wahab – executive producer
* Nino – artist and repertoire
* Niza Nor – creation
* Nurul Shukor (Nurul Shukor Touch) – make-up
* Rizman Ruzaini – wardrobe
* Rozi Abdul Razak – promotional unit (Siti Nurhaliza Productions)
* Sander – promotional unit (Universal Music Group)
* Syamir – promotional unit (Universal Music Group)
* WANPA – wardrobe
* Zepi – promotional unit (Universal Music Group)

## Awards

### Anugerah Planet Muzik

On 25 August 2015, two of *Unplugged* bonus tracks were nominated for the 2015 Anugerah Planet Muzik, an award ceremony that involves musicians and artists from Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore. "Menatap dalam Mimpi" is nominated for the category of Best Artiste (Female) while "Engkau" is nominated for the Best Collaboration (Song).

| Year | Award | Recipients and nominees | Category | Result | Host country |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2015 | Anugerah Planet Muzik | "Engkau" | Best Collaboration (Song) | Nominated |
Singapore |
| | | "Menatap dalam Mimpi" | Best Artiste (Female) | Nominated | |
|

### Anugerah Industri Muzik

On 13 October 2016, *Unplugged* received seven nominations for six categories from 22nd Anugerah Industri Muzik (AIM 22). Two of its bonus tracks received four nominations - "Menatap dalam Mimpi" is nominated for Best Vocal Performance in a Song (Female), Best Musical Arrangement in a Song, and Best Pop Song while "Mikraj Cinta" is nominated for Best Nasyid Song. The live version of "Jaga Dia Untukku" that was performed at the concert also received the nomination for the Best Musical Arrangement in a Song.

*Unplugged* on its own received multiple nominations, including for the Best Engineered Album and Best Album. During the award ceremony, she received five awards, including fan-voted Choice Malaysian Singer. AIM 22 also marked her 13th time winning Best Vocal Performance and fifth time winning the Best Album category.

| Year | Award | Recipients and nominees | Category | Result | Host country |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2016 | Anugerah Industri Muzik | "Jaga Dia Untukku" (Live from *Unplugged*) | Best Musical Arrangement in a Song | Nominated |
Malaysia |
| | | "Mikraj Cinta" | Best Nasyid Song | Won | |
| | | "Menatap dalam Mimpi" | Best Vocal Performance in a Song (Female) | Won | |
| | | Best Pop Song | Nominated ||
| | | Best Musical Arrangement in a Song | Won ||
| | | *Unplugged* | Best Engineered Album | Nominated | |
| | | Best Album | Won ||
|

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format | Label |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Malaysia | 30 June 2015 | CD, VCD, DVD, digital download | Siti Nurhaliza Productions, EMI (Malaysia), Universal Music Group (Malaysia) |
| | September 2015 | LP record | |
| Japan | 19 September 2015 | CD | Universal Music Group |

## Explanatory notes

1. Nur Aqidah Azizi (July 3, 2015). "Siti's early Raya gift for fans". *New Straits Times* (in Malay). Retrieved 22 August 2015.
2. Zaidi Mohamad (25 June 2015). "Siti Nurhaliza pertaruh Mikraj Cinta pada bulan mulia" \[Siti Nurhaliza Offers Up Mikraj Cinta for the Holy Month\]. *Berita Harian* (in Malay). Retrieved 22 August 2015.
3. Hamzah Hamid (1 July 2015). "Mesej Mikraj Cinta jadi tumpuan album Unplugged Datuk Siti Nurhaliza" \[Mikraj Cinta's Message Becomes the Main Attraction for Datuk Siti Nurhaliza's Unplugged Album\]. *Astro Awani* (in Malay). Retrieved 23 August 2015.
4. Syanty Octavia Amry (9 April 2015). "Konsert unplugged tercapai" \[Unplugged Concert Achieved\]. *Harian Metro* (in Malay). Retrieved 16 April 2015.
5. Shazryn Mohd Faizal (April 8, 2015). "Siti Nurhaliza terus lengkapkan portfolio" \[Siti Nurhaliza Continues Completing Portfolio\]. *The Rakyat Post* (in Malay). Retrieved 23 August 2015.
6. Budiey (30 December 2014). "Siti Nurhaliza, Awie & Amy Search di Sirah Rasulullah Tahajjud Cinta" \[Siti Nurhaliza, Awie & Amy Search at Sirah Rasulullah Tahajjud Cinta\]. *Budiey.com* (in Malay). Retrieved 22 August 2015.
7. *Unplugged* (liner notes). Siti Nurhaliza. Siti Nurhaliza Productions and EMI (Malaysia). 2015.`{{cite AV media notes}}`: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
8. Shazryn Mohd Faizal (7 June 2015). "Lagu ciptaan 20 minit untuk Siti Nurhaliza" \[A Song Created in 20 Minutes for Siti Nurhaliza\]. *The Rakyat Post* (in Malay). Retrieved 22 August 2015.
9. Budiey (30 June 2015). "Album UNPLUGGED DATO' SITI NURHALIZA Dilancarkan di iTunes & Spotify" \[Dato' Siti Nurhaliza's Unplugged Album Launched on iTunes and Spotify\]. *Budiey.com* (in Malay). Retrieved 23 August 2015.
10. Media Hiburan Staff (9 April 2015). "Dua Jam Tak Puas Tonton Konsert Siti Unplugged Dato' Siti Nurhaliza 2015" \[Two Hours Were Not Enough to Watch "Konsert Siti Unplugged Dato' Siti Nurhaliza 2015"\]. *Media Hiburan* (in Malay). Retrieved 11 July 2015.
11. Siti Nurhaliza (2015). *Dato' Siti Nurhaliza: Konsert Unplugged* (VCD/DVD). Siti Nurhaliza Productions/EMI (Malaysia)/Universal Music Group (Malaysia). Event occurs at 0:00 to 2:12:19.
12. Shazryn Mohd Faizal (July 2, 2015). "Album 'Unplugged' beri signifikan tersendiri buat Siti Nurhaliza" \[The 'Unplugged' album has its own significant to Siti Nurhaliza\]. *The Rakyat Post* (in Malay). Retrieved 23 August 2015.
13. Haryati Karim (July 3, 2015). "Unplugged, dua dekad Siti Nurhaliza" \[Unplugged, Two Decades of Siti Nurhaliza\]. *Kosmo!* (in Malay). Retrieved 22 August 2015.
14. Nina Farzuin Md Sharom (July 5, 2015). "Siti Nurhaliza: Signifikan dua dekad" \[Siti Nurhaliza: The Significance of Two Decades\]. *Sinar Harian* (in Malay). Retrieved 23 August 2015.
15. Universal Music Malaysia (Domestic)'s Admin (3 September 2015). "Siti Nurhaliza on Wanita Hari Ini". *Facebook* (in Malay). Retrieved 16 September 2015.
16. Muzik-Muzik's Admin (4 September 2015). "Siti Nurhaliza on Muzik-Muzik". *Facebook* (in Malay). Retrieved 16 September 2015.
17. Universal Music Malaysia (Domestic)'s Admin (25 August 2015). "Meet and Greet at Plaza Angsana, Johor Bahru, Johor". *Facebook* (in Malay). Retrieved 16 September 2015.
18. Universal Music Malaysia (Domestic)'s Admin (1 September 2015). "Meet and Greet at Sunway Carnival Mall, Seberang Jaya, Penang". *Facebook* (in Malay). Retrieved 16 September 2015.
19. Rudy Syareme Sheriffudin (9 September 2015). "Siti Rai 300 Peminat" \[Siti celebrates 300 fans\]. *Harian Metro* (in Malay). Retrieved 16 September 2015.
20. Universal Music Malaysia (Domestic)'s Admin (8 September 2015). "Meet and Greet at Pavilion, Bukit Bintang, Kuala Lumpur". *Facebook* (in Malay). Retrieved 16 September 2015.
21. Red Box Staff (September 2015). "Meet & Greet "Album Unplugged" Dato Siti Nurhaliza". *RedBox.com.my* (in Malay). Retrieved 16 September 2015.
22. Bernama Staff (July 1, 2015). "Siti Nurhaliza Lengkapkan Dua Dekad Pembabitan Dalam Dunia Seni" \[Siti Nurhaliza Completes Two Decades of Involvement in the World of Singing\]. *BERNAMA* (in Malay). Retrieved 10 July 2015.
23. Berita Harian Staff (2 July 2015). "Siti Nurhaliza lancar Unplugged sempena dua dekad dalam dunia seni" \[Siti Nurhaliza Launched Unplugged in Conjunction of 20 Years in the Music Industry\]. *Berita Harian* (in Malay). Retrieved 23 August 2015.
24. "CD Dato' Siti Nurhaliza: Unplugged". Rakuten.com.my (MY) Rakuten. 1 July 2015. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
25. "Dato Siti Nurhaliza – Unplugged". iTunes Store (MY). Apple. 30 June 2015. Archived from the original on 29 June 2015. Retrieved 30 June 2015.
26. Zaidi Mohamad (26 August 2015). "Siti Nurhaliza dapat enam pencalonan di APM 2015" \[Siti Nurhaliza received six nominations at APM 2015\]. *Berita Harian* (in Malay). Retrieved 28 August 2015.
27. Astro Awani Staff (13 October 2016). "Siti Nurhaliza terus mendominasi arena muzik tempatan" \[Siti Nurhaliza continues dominating local music scene\]. *Astro Awani* (in Malay). Retrieved 14 October 2016.
28. Kenneth Chaw (December 20, 2016). "Siti Nurhaliza is unbeatable at AIM". *The Star*. Retrieved 11 January 2017.
29. "Unplugged". *Tower Records Online*. Tower Records Japan Inc. Retrieved 29 December 2015.

## InfoBox

| Unplugged | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Live album by Siti Nurhaliza | |
| Released | June 30, 2015 (2015-06-30) |
| Recorded | January–June, 2015 |
| Studio |  |
| Genre | Pop |
| Label | Siti Nurhaliza Productions, EMI (Malaysia), Universal Music Group (Malaysia) |
| Producer | Siti Nurhaliza (Executive), Mujahid Abdul Wahab (Executive) |
| Siti Nurhaliza chronology | |
| *Konsert Lentera Timur, Panggung Sari Istana Budaya*
(2014) ***Unplugged***
(2015) *SimetriSiti*
(2017) | |
|  | |
| Siti Nurhaliza video chronology | |
| *Konsert Lentera Timur, Panggung Sari Istana Budaya*
(2014) ***Unplugged***
(2015) | |
| Singles from  *Unplugged* | |
| 1. "Mikraj Cinta"
Released: 21 June 2015 2. "Menatap dalam Mimpi"
Released: 2 November 2016 | |
| Alternative covers | |
|  | |
| CD artwork | |
|  | |
| Alternative cover | |
|  | |
| LP artwork | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Usera (Madrid Metro)

abstract: Usera is a station on Line 6 of the Madrid Metro. It is located in Zone A.

text:
# Usera (Madrid Metro)

**Usera** \[uˈse.ɾa\] is a station on Line 6 of the Madrid Metro. It is located in Zone A.

## InfoBox

| Usera | |
| --- | --- |
| Madrid Metro station | |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Location | Usera, Madrid<br>Spain |
| Coordinates | 40°23′14″N 3°42′25″W / 40.3870975°N 3.7068947°W / 40.3870975; -3.7068947 |
| Owned by | CRTM |
| Operated by | CRTM |
| Construction | |
| Accessible | Yes |
| Other information | |
| Fare zone | A |
| History | |
| Opened | 7 May 1981 (1981-05-07) |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station Madrid Metro Following station  Plaza Elípticaclockwise / outer  Line 6  Legazpianticlockwise / inner | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location  UseraLocation within Madrid | |


title: Uğurlu, Kızılcahamam

abstract: Uğurlu is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Kızılcahamam, Ankara Province, Turkey. Its population is 122 (2022).

text:
# Uğurlu, Kızılcahamam

**Uğurlu** is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Kızılcahamam, Ankara Province, Turkey. Its population is 122 (2022).

## InfoBox

| Uğurlu | |
| --- | --- |
| Neighbourhood | |
| UğurluLocation in TurkeyUğurluUğurlu (Turkey Central Anatolia) | |
| Coordinates: 40°21′40″N 32°40′08″E / 40.3612°N 32.6689°E / 40.3612; 32.6689 | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Ankara |
| District | Kızılcahamam |
| Population (2022) | 122 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |


title: Ushikubo Station

abstract: Ushikubo Station is a railway station in the city of Toyokawa, Aichi Prefecture, Japan, operated by Central Japan Railway Company.

text:
# Ushikubo Station

**Ushikubo Station** (牛久保駅, *Ushikubo-eki*) is a railway station in the city of Toyokawa, Aichi Prefecture, Japan, operated by Central Japan Railway Company (JR Tōkai).

## Lines

Ushikubo Station is served by the Iida Line, and is located 6.6 kilometers from the southern terminus of the line at Toyohashi Station.

## Station layout

The station has two opposed side platforms connected by a footbridge. The station building has automated ticket machines, TOICA automated turnstiles and has a Customer support service.

### Platforms

| **1** | Iida Line | For Toyohashi |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **2** | Iida Line | For Toyokawa, Iida |

## Adjacent stations

| « | | Service | » | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Central Japan Railway Company | | | | |
| Iida Line | | | | |
| Limited Express "Inaji" (特急「伊那路」): Does not stop at this station | | | | |
| Kozakai |  | Local (普通) |  | Toyokawa |

## Station history

Ushikubo Station was established on July 15, 1897 as a station on the now-defunct Toyokawa Railway (豊川鉄道, *Toyokawa Tetsudō*) connecting Toyohashi with Toyokawa. On August 1, 1943, the Toyokawa Railway was nationalized along with some other local lines to form the Japanese Government Railways (JGR) Iida Line. Due to the expansion of traffic at the nearby Toyokawa Naval Arsenal, the station buildingw was also rebuilt in 1943; this building survived the Toyokawa Air Raid and is still used as the station building to date. Scheduled freight operations were discontinued in 1971. Along with its division and privatization of JNR on April 1, 1987, the station came under the control and operation of the Central Japan Railway Company (JR Tōkai).

Station numbering was introduced to the Iida Line in March 2018; Ushikubo Station was assigned station number CE04.

## Passenger statistics

In fiscal 2017, the station was used by an average of 877 passengers daily.

## Surrounding area

* site of Ushikubo Castle
* Ushikubo Elementary School

Media related to Ushikubo Station at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| CD04
Ushikubo Station
牛久保駅 | |
| --- | --- |
| Ushikubo Station in September 2005 | |
| General information | |
| Location | Shiroato-55 Ushikubochō, Toyokawa-shi, Aichi-ken 442-0826
Japan |
| Coordinates | 34°48′31″N 137°22′54″E / 34.8085°N 137.3817°E / 34.8085; 137.3817 |
| Operated by | JR Central |
| Line(s) | Iida Line |
| Distance | 6.6 kilometers from Toyohashi |
| Platforms | 2 side platforms |
| Other information | |
| Status | Unmanned station (Automatic ticket vending machines installed.) |
| Station code | CD04 |
| History | |
| Opened | July 15, 1897 |
| Passengers | |
|  | |
| FY2017 | 877 daily |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location  Ushikubo StationLocation within Aichi PrefectureUshikubo StationUshikubo Station (Japan) | |


title: Upper Pontnewydd railway station

abstract: Upper Pontnewydd railway station in Pontnewydd village, Cwmbran in Torfaen, South Wales, UK was part of the Monmouthshire Railway and Canal Company's Eastern Valley line from Newport to Blaenavon.

text:
# Upper Pontnewydd railway station

**Upper Pontnewydd railway station** in Pontnewydd village, Cwmbran in Torfaen, South Wales, UK was part of the Monmouthshire Railway and Canal Company's *Eastern Valley* line from Newport to Blaenavon.

## History

The station was opened as "Pontnewydd" on 1 July 1852 by the Monmouthshire Railway and Canal Company. It was briefly known as "Upper Cwmbran" from 1 September 1881 until 4 November 1881 when it became "Upper Pontnewydd"; it is not however clear whether the "Upper Cwmbran" name was actually used. From 1874, the village was also served by Lower Pontnewydd on the Pontypool, Caerleon and Newport Railway. Upper Pontnewydd closed to passengers on 30 April 1962 and to goods on 7 April 1969.

The 2-platform station lay to the north of the Commercial Street road bridge, while the goods yard was to the south. Branch sidings served the Redbrook (Tynewydd) and Avondale tin plate works to the north east.

The A4051 Cwmbran Drive, built in the 1980s, largely follows the route of the dismantled railway.

| Preceding station |  | Disused railways |  | Following station |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Pontrhydyrun Halt
Line and station closed
 |  | Great Western Railway
Monmouthshire Railway and Canal Company
 |  | Cwmbran (MC&R)
Line and station closed
 |
| |  | Great Western Railway
Pontypool, Caerleon and Newport Railway
 |  | Cwmbran (GWR)
Line and station closed
 |

### Notes

### Sources

* Awdry, Christopher (1990). *Encyclopaedia of British Railway Companies*. Sparkford: Patrick Stephens Ltd. ISBN 1-8526-0049-7. OCLC 19514063. CN 8983.
* Butt, R. V. J. (October 1995). *The Directory of Railway Stations: details every public and private passenger station, halt, platform and stopping place, past and present* (1st ed.). Sparkford: Patrick Stephens Ltd. ISBN 978-1-85260-508-7. OCLC 60251199. OL 11956311M.
*
* Clinker, C. R. (1988) \[1978\]. *Clinker's Register of Closed Passenger Stations and Goods Depots in England, Scotland and Wales 1830–1980* (2nd ed.). Bristol: Avon-Anglia Publications & Services. ISBN 978-0-905466-91-0. OCLC 655703233.
* Cobb, M.H. (2006) \[2003\]. *The Railways of Great Britain: A Historical Atlas*. Vol. 1. Shepperton, Surrey: Ian Allan Publishing Ltd. ISBN 978-0-7110-3236-1.
* Conolly, W. Philip (2004) \[1958\]. *British Railways Pre-Grouping Atlas and Gazetteer*. Hersham, Surrey: Ian Allan. ISBN 978-0-7110-0320-0.
* Quick, Michael (2009) \[2001\]. *Railway passenger stations in Great Britain: a chronology* (4th ed.). Oxford: Railway & Canal Historical Society. ISBN 978-0-901461-57-5. OCLC 612226077.

51°39′42″N 3°01′26″W / 51.6616°N 3.0240°W / 51.6616; -3.0240

## InfoBox

| Upper Pontnewydd | |
| --- | --- |
| The site of the station in 2015 | |
| General information | |
| Location | Pontnewydd, Torfaen
Wales |
| Grid reference | ST292963 |
| Platforms | 2 |
| Other information | |
| Status | Disused |
| History | |
| Original company | Monmouthshire Railway and Canal Company |
| Pre-grouping | Great Western Railway |
| Post-grouping | Great Western Railway |
| Key dates | |
| 1 July 1852 (1852-07-01) | Opened as "Pontnewydd" |
| 1 September 1881 | Renamed "Upper Cwmbran" |
| 4 November 1881 | Renamed |
| 30 April 1962 | Closed to passengers |
| 7 April 1969 | Closed to goods |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: VIP Road, Kanpur

abstract: VIP Road or Parwati Bagla Road is a major arterial road in Kanpur, India. It connects Meghdoot Trisection at Mall Road with Grand Trunk Road at Rawatpur. The road has tall decorated walls on both of its sides. The road houses the bungalows of government officials of the city including the District Magistrate of Kanpur District. Elgin Mills which is the first cotton mill in Kanpur is situated on this road. Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, the only Agricultural University of Uttar Pradesh state is also present here. Uttar Pradesh Textile Technology Institute built in 1914 too is situated on this road. UP Stock Exchange, Green Park Stadium, Merchants Chamber Hall of Uttar Pradesh, The Georgina McRobert Memorial Hospital and DAV College too are located on this road at Woolmer Crossing.

text:
# VIP Road, Kanpur

**VIP Road** or **Parwati Bagla Road** (formerly *Amherst Street*) is a major arterial road in Kanpur, India. It connects Meghdoot Trisection at Mall Road with Grand Trunk Road at Rawatpur. The road has tall decorated walls on both of its sides. The road houses the bungalows of government officials of the city including the District Magistrate of Kanpur District. Elgin Mills which is the first cotton mill in Kanpur is situated on this road. Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, the only Agricultural University of Uttar Pradesh state is also present here. Uttar Pradesh Textile Technology Institute built in 1914 too is situated on this road. UP Stock Exchange, Green Park Stadium, Merchants Chamber Hall of Uttar Pradesh, The Georgina McRobert Memorial Hospital and DAV College too are located on this road at Woolmer Crossing.


title: Urban Growers Collective

abstract: Urban Growers Collective is a non-profit organization that builds urban farms, gardens, and provides fresh foods primarily in underprivileged areas in the West and South Side of Chicago. The organization was founded in Chicago, Illinois in 2017 by Erika Allen and Laurell Sims. As of 2019, there are eight urban farms that have been created and are run by Urban Growers Collective.

text:
# Urban Growers Collective

**Urban Growers Collective** is a non-profit organization that builds urban farms, gardens, and provides fresh foods primarily in underprivileged areas in the West and South Side of Chicago. The organization was founded in Chicago, Illinois in 2017 by Erika Allen and Laurell Sims. As of 2019, there are eight urban farms that have been created and are run by Urban Growers Collective.

## BIG BUCKS

Urban Growers Collective was formerly known as Growing Power, which was founded in Milwaukee, Wisconsin by Erika Allen's father, Will Allen in 2003. Will Allen was a retired professional basketball player that transitioned into urban farming when he formed the organization. Allen won a genius grant from the MacArthur Foundation in 2008 for his work and achievements in Growing Power. Will Allen retired due to Growing Power struggling financially from its lack of capital. Growing Power closed in November 2017 along with its primary and biggest farm Iron Street. Urban Growers Collective was founded shortly afterward by Allen's daughter, Erika. Erika Allen was provided resources from the now-closed Iron Street farm, and also received a donation from an unnamed funder. She used these resources to create a seven-acre farm in South Chicago located on 90th St. and Lake Shore Drive. This South Chicago farm remains the largest farm that is run by Urban Growers Collective. Erika Allen and co-founder Laurell Sims have created multiple urban farms and gardens with Urban Growers Collective since its start in late 2017. As of August 2018, the non-profit has 25 full-time staff members who work from Urban Growers Collective's main office in Bridgeport.

## Initiatives

With Urban Growers Collective's eight urban farms and gardens, multiple programs are now taking place. Urban Growers Collective provides food access, job-readiness, beautification programs, and food literacy education towards people living in the South and West sides of Chicago. One of the main goals of the organization is to ensure weekly visits to health and senior centers, schools, CTA stops and other locations on the city's South and West Sides, with the main focus being to ensure healthier foods in poor areas. The group uses Urban farming as a tool to heal communities of youth and their families who have suffered from excessive trauma and violence. Another big goal for the group is to provide recovery from the historical impact of structural racism that accrued through the agricultural system in the past.

### Grounds for Peace

Grounds for Peace was a program initiated by Mayor Lori Lightfoot in the Summer of 2019. This 18-month long program combines non-profit organizations Urban Growers Collective and Heartland Alliance to connect urban farming and gardening initiatives with younger at risk males in the areas of Woodlawn, Englewood, and North Lawndale. The City of Chicago donated $7.4 million towards greening workforce development programs in 2019, and $250,000 of this total was used to fund the program. The program will convert 50 vacant lots into gardens to fight gun violence with beautification. The objective of this program is to provide men who are more likely to be participants or victims of violent crimes, with training in landscaping and property maintenance. The organizations hopes are that by providing beautification to the landscapes individuals will not want to commit crimes in those specific areas. The main goal is to prevent future crime in Chicago areas with high crime rates, while also providing people with skills that can assist them in obtaining more job opportunities in the future.

### Youth Camp and Touring Program

Urban Grower Collective's youth camp and touring program provides teenagers who are attending Chicago Public Schools with new knowledge in farming, gardening, and the initiatives of the program itself. Urban Growers Collective partnered with After School Matters to make this initiative possible. The camp serves as a tool for teenagers to learn about and partake in the agricultural process itself, while the touring program allows students to teach tourists about the agricultural process and the program. The program also takes advantage of the work being done on the gardens to teach students about advocacy, environmentalism, and public speaking, which is useful for students to teach others who visit the touring program. The program pays students who work on the garden for their participation, in order to further help students who need income during their summer breaks. While the eight urban farms that Urban Growers Collective manages are primarily on the West and South sides of Chicago, the camp and touring program takes place in downtown Chicago. The organization also sponsors 300 teens with internships every year to provide further education on the farming process.

### Fresh Moves Mobile Market

Urban Growers Collective has provided fresh produce to people in South Side neighborhoods of Chicago through CTA buses that were transformed into mobile farmers markets. This allowed neighborhoods that lacked grocery stores to have less expensive produce, and closer locations to provide healthier options for locals. Urban Growers Collective is able to supply the markets with fresh food by providing produce which is obtained from their multiple farms located in Chicago. Customers can pay for the food on the buses with cash, credit/debit cards, and through SNAP (Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program). Children and adults work on the farms and are given the opportunity to train and work under Urban Growers Collective. Urban Growers Collective hit a milestone of locals served through their Fresh Moves Mobile Market program. As of August 22, 2018, Urban Growers Collective had served over 10,000 produce items to people living in the south and west sides of Chicago. This also includes selling and providing fresh produce locally to events around Chicago such as the yearly Bridgeport Farmers Market event. Work that the urban farms require include weeding, planting, and harvesting in the gardens. Urban Growers Collective also provides opportunities to learn about the science and social implications behind the agricultural work while they work on the farms.

## Events

### 2018 Gala

Urban Grower Collective's fundraising Gala event took place on October 4, 2018, at the Theater on the Lake in Chicago located at 2401 N Lake Shore Dr, Chicago, IL 60614. Supporters and partners of the organization attended.

### 2019 Gala

Urban Grower's Collective held their second fundraising Gala on September 19, 2019, in Chicago. Held at the Theater on the Lake in Chicago, supporters and partners of the organization gathered to show their support the organization.

## InfoBox

Urban Growers Collective
| Formation | 2017 (2017) |
| --- | --- |
| Type | Non-profit |
| Headquarters | 1200 W. 35th Street Pl.
Chicago, Illinois 60608
United States |
| Founders | Erika Allen, Laurell Sims |
| Website | urbangrowerscollective.org |