title: Mário Dionísio

abstract: Mário Dionísio de Assis Monteiro was a Portuguese critic, writer, painter, and professor. A multifaceted personality – poet, novelist, essayist, critic, painter – Mário Dionísio had a significant civic and cultural impact on 20th-century Portugal, particularly in the realms of literature and art.

text:
# Mário Dionísio

**Mário Dionísio de Assis Monteiro** (July 16, 1916, in Lisbon, Portugal – November 17, 1993, in Lisbon, Portugal) was a Portuguese critic, writer, painter, and professor.

A multifaceted personality – poet, novelist, essayist, critic, painter – Mário Dionísio had a significant civic and cultural impact on 20th-century Portugal, particularly in the realms of literature and art.

## Biography

Mário Dionísio de Assis Monteiro was born on July 16, 1916, in Lisbon.

He was the son of Eurico Monteiro, a merchant and militia officer in the Military Administration, and Julieta Goulart Parreira Monteiro, a homemaker who had completed advanced studies in Piano. He is the father of Eduarda Dionísio.

He graduated in Romance Philology in 1940 from the Faculty of Letters at the University of Lisbon.

He worked as a high school and secondary school teacher and later as a lecturer at the Faculty of Letters of the University of Lisbon, following the April 25th Revolution.

Mário Dionísio was an opponent of the *Estado Novo* regime and had connections to the Portuguese Communist Party, from which he distanced himself in the 1950s.

### The literary work

He was the author of an independent literary work (poetry, short stories, novels). He engaged in literary and art criticism, delivered lectures, participated in debates, and contributed to various periodicals, including *Seara Nova*, *Vértice*, *Diário de Lisboa*, *Mundo Literário*, *Ge de todas as Artes*, and the magazine *Arte Opinião* (1978–1982). He also wrote prefaces for works by authors such as Manuel da Fonseca, Carlos de Oliveira, José Cardoso Pires, and Alves Redol.

## Works

### Poetry

* As solicitações e emboscadas: Poemas. S. l., s,d (Coimbra: Tipografia Atlântida)
* O riso dissonante: Poemas. Lisbon: Centro Bibliográfico, 1950.
* Memória dum pintor desconhecido. Lisbon: Portugália, 1965. Coleção Poetas de hoje, 19.
* Poesia incompleta: 1936–1965. Lisbon: Europa-América, 1966.
* Le feu qui dort. Neuchâtel: Éditions de la Baconniére; Lisbon: Europa-América, 1967.
* Terceira idade. Mem-Martins: Europa-América, 1982. Mário Dionísio Collection, 10.
* O mundo dos outros: histórias e vagabundagens (preface). Lisbon: Dom Quixote, 2000. Pocket Library Collection, Literature, 13. ISBN 972-20-1879-5
* Poesia completa. Lisbon: National Press — Casa da Moeda, 2016. Plural Collection. ISBN 978-972-27-2450-0

### Prose

* O dia cinzento: contos. Coimbra: Coimbra Editora, 1954. New Prosecutors Collection.
* Não há morte nem princípio. Mem Martins: Europa-América, 1969. Collection of works by Mário Dionísio, 4.
* Monólogo a duas vozes: histórias. Lisbon: D. Quixote, 1986. Portuguese Language Authors Collection.
* A morte é para os outros. Lisbon: O Jornal, 1988. Dias de Prosa Collection.

### Painting

* Vincent Van Gogh: study. S.l., s.n., 1947. The Great Painters and Sculptors Collection.
* A paleta e o mundo. Lisboa: Europa-América, 1956–1962, 3 vols.
* Conflito e unidade da arte contemporânea. Lisboa: Iniciativas Editoriais, 1958.

## Awards and honors

* Mário Dionísio was awarded the Grand Prize for Essay (1963) by the Portuguese Writers' Society in 1963 for his work *A Paleta e o Mundo* (English: *The Palette and the World*).
* For the work "Terceira Idade," Mário Dionísio received the Criticism Prize from the Portuguese Center of the International Association of Literary Critics (CPAICL) (1981), tied with Alexandre O'Neill.
* He was honored in the toponymy of Lisbon with the naming of a street in the Lumiar parish. This was decided on July 20, 2005, and announced in an official decree on August 1 of the same year by the Lisbon City Council. The Mário Dionísio street was inaugurated on October 26, 2016.

## Bibliography

1. "Mário Dionísio (PT 1916-07-16) Poemas selecionados". *Escritas.org* (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-11-24.
2. "A faceta de pintor do mestre". *www.dn.pt* (in European Portuguese). 2009-05-23. Retrieved 2023-11-24.
3. "Mário Dionísio: O Homem e a Obra". *O MIRANTE | Mário Dionísio: O Homem e a Obra.* (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-11-24.
4. ""Mário Dionísio : (1916–1933) : O Poeta, o Pintor e o Mundo"" (PDF). *spautores.pt*. 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-01-21.
5. "Ficha histórica: Mundo literário: semanário de crítica e informação literária, científica e artística (1946–1948)" (PDF). *hemerotecadigital.cm-lisboa.pt*. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-04-02. Retrieved 2023-11-24.
6. "Ficha histórica:Arte Opinião (1978–1982)" (PDF). *hemerotecadigital.cm-lisboa.pt*. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-05-27.
7. "AS SOLICITAÇÕES E EMBOSCADAS : POEMAS / MÁRIO DIONÍSIO". *catalogo.bnportugal.pt*. 2019-02-03. Archived from the original on 2019-02-03. Retrieved 2023-11-24.
8. "O RISO DISSONANTE : POEMAS / MÁRIO DIONÍSIO". *catalogo.bnportugal.pt*. 2019-02-03. Archived from the original on 2019-02-03. Retrieved 2023-11-24.
9. "MEMÓRIA DUM PINTOR DESCONHECIDO / MÁRIO DIONÍSIO". *catalogo.bnportugal.pt*. 2019-02-03. Archived from the original on 2019-02-03. Retrieved 2023-11-24.
10. "POESIA INCOMPLETA : 1936–1965 / MÁRIO DIONÍSIO". *catalogo.bnportugal.pt*. 2019-02-03. Archived from the original on 2019-02-03. Retrieved 2023-11-24.
11. "LE FEU QUI DORT / MÁRIO DIONÍSIO ; FRONTISPICE DE VIEIRA DA SILVA". *catalogo.bnportugal.pt*. 2019-02-03. Archived from the original on 2019-02-03. Retrieved 2023-11-24.
12. "TERCEIRA IDADE / MÁRIO DIONÍSIO". *catalogo.bnportugal.pt*. 2019-02-03. Archived from the original on 2019-02-03. Retrieved 2023-11-24.
13. "POESIA COMPLETA / MÁRIO DIONÍSIO". *catalogo.bnportugal.pt*. 2019-02-03. Archived from the original on 2019-02-03. Retrieved 2023-11-24.
14. "O DIA CINZENTO : CONTOS / MÁRIO DIONISIO". *catalogo.bnportugal.pt*. 2019-02-03. Archived from the original on 2019-02-03. Retrieved 2023-11-24.
15. "NÃO HÁ MORTE NEM PRINCÍPIO / MÁRIO DIONÍSIO". *catalogo.bnportugal.pt*. 2019-02-03. Archived from the original on 2019-02-03. Retrieved 2023-11-24.
16. "MONÓLOGO A DUAS VOZES : HISTÓRIAS / MÁRIO DIONÍSIO". *catalogo.bnportugal.pt*. 2019-02-03. Archived from the original on 2019-02-03. Retrieved 2023-11-24.
17. "A MORTE É PARA OS OUTROS / MÁRIO DIONÍSIO". *catalogo.bnportugal.pt*. 2019-02-03. Archived from the original on 2019-02-03. Retrieved 2023-11-24.
18. "A PALETA E O MUNDO / MÁRIO DIONÍSIO". *catalogo.bnportugal.pt*. 2019-02-03. Archived from the original on 2019-02-03. Retrieved 2023-11-24.
19. "CONFLITO E UNIDADE DA ARTE CONTEMPORÂNEA / MÁRIO DIONÍSIO". *catalogo.bnportugal.pt*. 2019-02-03. Archived from the original on 2019-02-03. Retrieved 2023-11-24.
20. "O Prémio de Ensaio". *casacomum.org*. 1963-12-17. Retrieved 2023-11-24.
21. "Prémio: Prémio da Crítica da Associação Portuguesa de Críticos Literários". *livro.dglab.gov.pt*. Retrieved 2023-11-24.
22. "Mário Dionísio: Escritor (1916–1993)" (PDF). *cm-lisboa.pt*. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-03-27. Retrieved 2023-11-24.
23. "Sítio da Câmara Municipal de Lisboa: Mário Dionísio dá nome a rua". *cm-lisboa.pt*. 2019-02-07. Archived from the original on 2019-02-07. Retrieved 2023-11-24.

## InfoBox

| Mário Dionísio | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Mário Dionísio de Assis Monteiro
(1916-07-16)July 16, 1916
Lisbon, Portugal |
| Died | November 17, 1993(1993-11-17) (aged 77)
Lisbon, Portugal |
| Nationality | Portuguese |
| Occupation(s) | Critic, writer, painter and teacher |
| Children | Eduarda Dionísio |


title: Mérida sunangel

abstract: The Mérida sunangel is a species of hummingbird in the "coquettes", tribe Lesbiini of subfamily Lesbiinae. It is endemic to Venezuela.

text:
# Mérida sunangel

The **Mérida sunangel** (***Heliangelus spencei***) is a species of hummingbird in the "coquettes", tribe Lesbiini of subfamily Lesbiinae. It is endemic to Venezuela.

## Taxonomy and systematics

The taxonomy of the Merida sunangel is not settled. The International Ornithological Committee (IOC), the Clements taxonomy, and BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World (HBW) treat it as a species. The South American Classification Committee (SACC) of the American Ornithological Society treats it as a subspecies of the amethyst-throated sunangel (*H. amethysticollis*).

## Description

The Merida sunangel is 10 to 11 cm (3.9 to 4.3 in) long. It has a straight black bill. The adult male has a pale blue frontlet just above the bill, a dark green crown, and shining green upperparts. The face has black ear coverts. Its throat and upper breast gorget is glittering purple with pinkish scales and has a white pectoral band below it. The rest of the underparts are yellowish to pale buff with round green spots. The central tail feathers are dark green and the outer feathers blackish, occasionally with pale tips. The adult female has less black on the face. Its throat is maroon with white and green scaling. Its underparts have fewer green spots than the male's and appears more yellowish. Juveniles are thought to resemble the female.

## Distribution and habitat

The Merida sunangel is found only in the Andes of Mérida state in northwestern Venezuela. It inhabits rather open landscapes such as shrubby forest edges, openings within forest, and brushy pastures. In elevation it ranges between 2,000 and 3,600 m (6,600 and 11,800 ft).

## Behavior

### Movement

The Merida sunangel is sedentary.

### Feeding

Little is known about the Merida sunangel's feeding habits and diet, but they are believed to essentially the same as those of its close relative, Longuemare's sunangel (*H. clarisse*). That species feeds on nectar and also includes insects in its diet. It defends feeding territories that are dense with nectar sources. It typically feeds at heights up to 6 m (20 ft), often along streams. It captures insects by hawking from a perch.

### Breeding

The only known Merida sunangel nest was found in June. It was a downy cup perched on a small root under an overhang in a road cut. It held two white eggs. Nothing else is known about the species' breeding phenology.

### Vocalization

The Merida sunangel's call is "a repeated, high-pitched, cricket-like, short trill" that is given both while perched and in flight.

## Status

The IUCN has assessed the Merida sunangel as being of Least Concern, though its population size and trend are not known. It has a small range but about 3/5 of it is within protected areas. The principal threats are "expansion of agricultural frontier and habitat fragmentation."

## InfoBox

| Mérida sunangel | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| CITES Appendix II (CITES) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| *Clade*: | Strisores |
| Order: | Apodiformes |
| Family: | Trochilidae |
| Genus: | *Heliangelus* |
| Species: | ***H. spencei*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Heliangelus spencei***
(Bourcier, 1847) | |
|
|  | |
| Synonyms | |
| *Heliangelus amethysticollis spencei* | |


title: York Liberal Jewish Community

abstract: The York Liberal Jewish Community is a Jewish community based in York, North Yorkshire, England. It was founded in 2014 and is a constituent member of Liberal Judaism. It holds services, usually on the second Saturday of the month, in York.

text:
# York Liberal Jewish Community

The **York Liberal Jewish Community** is a Jewish community based in York, North Yorkshire, England. It was founded in 2014 and is a constituent member of Liberal Judaism. It holds services, usually on the second Saturday of the month, in York.

## InfoBox

| York Liberal Jewish Community | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Religion | |
| Affiliation | Liberal Judaism |
| Status | Active |
| Location | |
| Location | York, England, United Kingdom |
| Website | |
| jewsinyork.org.uk | |


title: Mónika Kovacsicz

abstract: Mónika Kovacsicz is a retired Hungarian handballer of Slovak descent. Her first major international tournament was the 2005 World Championship, where she finished third with the Hungarian team. She was at another World Championship (2007) and took part in three European Championships. She also competed at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, capturing a fourth place. Kovacsicz won the Champions League with Viborg in 2009.

text:
# Mónika Kovacsicz

**Mónika Kovacsicz** (formerly **Monika Kovačičová**; born 20 November 1983) is a retired Hungarian handballer of Slovak descent.

Her first major international tournament was the 2005 World Championship, where she finished third with the Hungarian team. She was at another World Championship (2007) and took part in three European Championships (2006, 2008, 2010). She also competed at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, capturing a fourth place.

Kovacsicz won the Champions League with Viborg in 2009.

## Achievements

## Individual awards

* EHF Cup Winners' Cup Top Scorer: 2012

## Personal life

Her cousin, Szandra Zácsik, is a professional handball player and a Hungarian international.

## InfoBox

| Mónika Kovacsicz | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Kovacsicz in 2011 | | | |
| Personal information | | | |
| Born | (1983-11-20) 20 November 1983<br>Komárno, Czechoslovakia | | |
| Nationality | Hungarian | | |
| Height | 170 cm (5 ft 7 in) | | |
| Playing position | Right Wing | | |
| Senior clubs | | | |
| Years | **Team** | | |
| 2000–2003 | Békéscsabai Előre NKSE | | |
| 2003–2007 | Győri ETO KC | | |
| 2007–2008 | Ferencvárosi TC | | |
| 2008–2010 | Viborg HK | | |
| 2010–2016 | Ferencvárosi TC | | |
| 2017–2018 | Szent István SE | | |
| 2018–2019 | Mosonmagyaróvári KC SE | | |
| National team | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2005–2015 | Hungary | 155 | (351) |
| Medal record      World Championship  2005 Russia   European Championship  2012 Serbia | | | |


title: Yoichi Hatta

abstract: Yoichi Hatta was a Japanese engineer, known for his contributions in hydraulic engineering in the Japanese-ruled Taiwan. Hatta was born in Kanazawa, Ishikawa. After graduating from Tokyo Imperial University in 1910, he joined the Seat of Governor-General of Taiwan and served as a technician of the government. He was the designer of Chianan Canal and Wusanto Reservoir. He was killed on board the transport ship Taiyō Maru, when it was torpedoed and sunk on May 8, 1942 by US submarine Grenadier. In contemporary Taiwan, he is honored as a deity for his contributions to irrigation.

text:
# Yoichi Hatta

**Yoichi Hatta** (八田 與一, *Hatta Yoichi*, February 21, 1886 – May 8, 1942) was a Japanese engineer, known for his contributions in hydraulic engineering in the Japanese-ruled Taiwan. Hatta was born in Kanazawa, Ishikawa. After graduating from Tokyo Imperial University in 1910, he joined the Seat of Governor-General of Taiwan and served as a technician of the government. He was the designer of Chianan Canal and Wusanto Reservoir.

He was killed on board the transport ship Taiyō Maru, when it was torpedoed and sunk on May 8, 1942 by US submarine *Grenadier*.

In contemporary Taiwan, he is honored as a deity for his contributions to irrigation.

## InfoBox

| Yoichi Hatta | |
| --- | --- |
| 八田與一
はった よいち | |
|  | |
| Born | (1886-02-21)February 21, 1886
Hanazono Village, Kahoku County, Ishikawa Prefecture, Empire of Japan |
| Died | May 8, 1942(1942-05-08) (aged 56)
Off the coast of the Gotō Islands, Nagasaki Prefecture, Empire of Japan |
| Alma mater | Tokyo Imperial University |
| Occupation | Hydraulic engineer |
| Notable work | Construction of Wushantou Dam |


title: Yoga Lin

abstract: Yoga Lin Youjia is a Taiwanese singer. He was the winner of One Million Star, Season 1, a reality TV singing competition in Taiwan during his study at National Dong Hwa University. During the competition, he once contemplated quitting due to the elimination of his good friend, Eddie Tsai (蔡政霖). However, show producers persuaded him to maintain his composure and regain his determination, attaining five rounds of perfect scores continuously after that – an unbeatable record up to now. After winning first place in Season One, he was signed by HIM International Music along with three fellow contestants, Judy Chou (周定緯), Peter Pan (潘裕文) and Stanly Hsu (許仁杰). They were dubbed the "Four Princes of Superstar Avenue" (星光四少). Before the release of his debut album titled Mystery Guest in Taiwan on June 3, 2009, Lin has released two compilation albums and an Idol Drama soundtrack. In May–June 2008, Lin set another record in Taiwan for being the youngest singer, with a yet-to-be released debut album to hold a solo concert tour in three major cities of Taiwan. He ended his Yoga's Trick Concert Tour in Hong Kong and Singapore in early 2009 and released his second album, Senses Around on October 30, 2009. His third studio album, Perfect Life, was released on May 6, 2011. His fourth studio album, Fiction, was released on June 22, 2012. He released his Jazz live performance compilation album JAZZ CHANNEL on February 5, 2013. His concert IDOL took place from December 29–30, 2018.

text:
# Yoga Lin

**Yoga Lin Youjia** (Chinese: 林宥嘉; pinyin: *Lín Yòujiā*; born July 1, 1987) is a Taiwanese singer. He was the winner of One Million Star, Season 1, a reality TV singing competition in Taiwan during his study at National Dong Hwa University. During the competition, he once contemplated quitting due to the elimination of his good friend, Eddie Tsai (蔡政霖). However, show producers persuaded him to maintain his composure and regain his determination, attaining five rounds of perfect scores (20 & above) continuously after that – an unbeatable record up to now. After winning first place in Season One, he was signed by HIM International Music along with three fellow contestants, Judy Chou (周定緯), Peter Pan (潘裕文) and Stanly Hsu (許仁杰). They were dubbed the "Four Princes of Superstar Avenue" (星光四少).

Before the release of his debut album titled *Mystery Guest* in Taiwan on June 3, 2009, Lin has released two compilation albums and an Idol Drama soundtrack. In May–June 2008, Lin set another record in Taiwan for being the youngest singer, with a yet-to-be released debut album to hold a solo concert tour in three major cities of Taiwan.

He ended his Yoga's Trick Concert Tour in Hong Kong and Singapore in early 2009 and released his second album, *Senses Around* on October 30, 2009. His third studio album, *Perfect Life*, was released on May 6, 2011. His fourth studio album, *Fiction*, was released on June 22, 2012. He released his Jazz live performance compilation album *JAZZ CHANNEL* on February 5, 2013.

His concert *IDOL* took place from December 29–30, 2018.

## Early life

During high school, Lin was the lead singer of a rock band, and was trained under a renowned Taiwanese rock singer, Roger Yang. He then joined another rock band in his university and continued to perfect his singing techniques and, experimented various music genres. Having never participated in any formal singing contest before, Lin attended the Kaohsiung audition for the first season of *One Million Star*, a televised singing competition in Taiwan.

## Personal life

In June 2013, Lin and Hong Kong singer G.E.M. had an open relationship and they both traveled together in Germany and Austria. In February 2014, the two had since broke up.

On August 13, 2014, he briefly left the music scene and officially enlisted in the military. On July 22, 2015, Lin officially discharged from the army.

In May 2014, Lin and fellow singer Kiki Ting's relationship was officially made public. On January 7, 2017, Lin and Ting officially registered their marriage; on June 26, the two held a wedding banquet in Taipei. On August 3, 2018, Ting gave birth to a son, whose nickname is Kubi. On the evening of March 27, 2020, Lin announced that Ting gave birth to their second child and their daughter's name was Pippi.

## Career

### One Million Star (2007)

In the competition, Lin impressed the judges with his vivid interpretation of *Steel Rope Walker* (走鋼索的人, originally by James Li or Quan Li, 李泉). His performance was then described as "enchanting"(迷幻) by the hostess of One Million Star, Matilda Tao (陶晶瑩), for both his distinctive, dreamy vocals and his facial expressions. He was also complimented for the consistently good performances. Lin earned "perfect scores" (scoring 20 and above) cumulatively for over five weeks and a grand total of nine "perfect scores" on different occasions. His last five performances, which would count as a final result in the final match, accumulated, 17, 23, 23, 23, 25 points, which adds up to 111. This record would hold until 張心傑, in the fourth season (from 2009/03/06 to 2009/03/20) scored 24, 22, 23, 23, 22, totaling up 114. Lin also earned great recognition for his abilities to perform a wide range of music genres, being able to infuse his own touch into songs as well as his unique taste in song selections.

In the first season finale (broadcast live and nationwide) of One Million Star on July 6, 2007, Lin performed a bold and challenging rendition of Radiohead's classic hit, *Creep* and he used the opportunity to declare his attitude towards music. A perfect score of 25 was unanimously given by all five professional judges to acknowledge his sincere and stylish interpretation of the song. Along with that, another perfect-scored performance of Eason Chan's *Last Order* determined him as the winner in the first season of One Million Star.

### HIM International Music (2007–present)

After the show, One Million Star, Lin signed a six-year contract with HIM International Music, and released two compilation albums and the soundtrack of TV series *Bull Fighting* (鬥牛,要不要). In the meanwhile, he participated in many live performances as well as TV commercial shootings. Some of his many endorsements includes the SYM MIO Scooters and a Science Fair held by National Science Council in Taiwan. Recently, he endorsed the Hi-Chew Candy and the HeySong FIN Sports Drink in Taiwan.

In September 2007, Lin performed in Hong Kong with label mate, Tank for several live performances. Later that year, in November and December, he went again to Hong Kong and, Singapore and Malaysia for a promotional tour. On December 29, 2007, Lin, together with other fellow contestants from One Million Star as Judy Chou (周定緯), Peter Pan (潘裕文), Stanly Hsu (許仁杰), and Aska Yang (楊宗緯) performed in their first concert "Superstar Avenue Reunion" in the Sports Center of National Taiwan University. This concert also sets the record in Taiwan for being the shortest amount of time newcomers in the local mandopop scene to hold a concert. This sold-out concert successfully attracted over 4000 audiences. On March 15, 2008, Lin together with fellow record label singers held their first official overseas concert in Genting, Malaysia. On August 3, 2008, Lin and fellow record label singers held two consecutive concerts in Hong Kong, with all 6,000 tickets sold out within 2 days. On October 3, Lin was invited to perform in the 5th Asia Song Festival in Seoul, Korea, and was awarded the Best Taiwan Newcomer Award. On October 25, 2008, Lin won the Annual Popularity Artist and Best Newcomer in Singapore Hit Award. Moreover, his album *Mystery Guest* won the prestigious Best Producer Award.

Lin's debut album titled *Mystery Guest* was released on June 3, 2008, in Taiwan. This album won rave reviews from critics as well as the fans. It was also a commercial success, with more than 40,000 copies sold in the first week, and topped all the major musical and radio charts in Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Malaysia and China. *Mystery Guest* and Lin are nominated in 6 different categories in the 2008 Singapore Hit Award, including best album, best producer, best male singer, best newcomer, most popular singer, and most popular newcomer, and won the best producer and newcomer awards.

To coincide with his album release, he also held his three nationwide concert tour titled Yoga's Trick Concert Tour (林宥嘉2008迷宮巡迴演唱會) in Taipei, Taichung, and Kaohsiung respectively. He now holds the record of being the youngest recording artist to tour in Taiwan. In this concert tour, he won critical acclaims for his high-caliber repertoire and outstanding stage performance.

Lin held his Yoga's Trick Concert in Hong Kong on January 23 and 24 and both nights' tickets were sold-out. There were four encores on the second night, stretching the concert to over 3 hours. For the sixth and final stop of the concert tour, it was held in Singapore on February 20 with 7000 fans at the Singapore Indoor Stadium. He released his second album, *Senses Around* on October 30, 2009. His latest and third album, *Perfect Life*, was released on May 6, 2011, in Taiwan, China and other parts of Asia and he is currently promoting the album. His record company, HIM International Music has also announced that he will be going on concert tour starting August 2011, in cities such as Taipei, Hong Kong, Shanghai, Beijing, Guangzhou, Hangzhou, etc.

## Discography

### Studio albums

| # | Release date | Title | Label |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1st | June 3, 2008 | *Mystery Guest* (神秘嘉賓) | HIM International Music |
| 2nd | October 30, 2009 | *Senses Around* (感官/世界) | HIM International Music |
| 3rd | May 6, 2011 | *Perfect Life* (美妙生活) | HIM International Music |
| 4th | June 22, 2012 | *Fiction* (大/小說家) | HIM International Music |
| 5th | June 17, 2016 | *Sell Like Hot Cakes* (今日營業中) | HIM International Music |
| 6th | March 19, 2024 | *Love, Lord* | HIM International Music |

### Live albums

| # | Release date | Title | Label |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | May 1, 2009 | 林宥嘉香港迷宮演唱會 (Live) | HIM International Music |
| 2 | December 18, 2009 | Sense Around Live | HIM International Music |
| 3 | February 5, 2013 | Jazz Channel | HIM International Music |
| 4 | July 1, 2013 | Yoga Lin Fugue World Concert Tour Live | HIM International Music |
| 5 | January 6, 2017 | 有時 The Great Yoga, 口的形狀:林宥嘉演唱會自選LIVE | HIM International Music |
| 6 | July 1, 2018 | THE GREAT YOGA 演唱會數位Live精選 | HIM International Music |

### Singles

* "That Very Song" ("那首歌")

Listed in the album *Love Star's Reunion – Yesterday, Now and Tomorrow* (愛星光精選˙昨天今天明天). It is Lin's first single. This single was one of the 2007 Top 13 Love Songs co-organized by KISS Radio and Apple Daily.

* "Shadow of Your Back" ("背影")

Listed in the soundtrack of Taiwan drama's *Bull Fighting* (鬥牛˙要不要), it is one of the theme songs in the drama. This melodic and romantic song tells the story about a guy who secretly loved a girl for a long time, but eventually chose to stay in the shadows of the girl because she did not reciprocate his love.

* "Legend" ("傳說")

A duet between Lin and Li Yang Liu (劉力揚), the latter shot to fame in the first season (2006) of the singing contest Super Girls (超級女聲) in China. Legend is the sub-theme of a Korean drama *First King Four Gods* (太王四神記) broadcast in Taiwan, starring the famous Korean TV and movie star, Bae Yong-joon (裴勇俊). This single has been digitally released.

* "The Gaze" ("眼色")

A musical-inspired song composed and written by Chinese singer-songwriter, Li Quan. This is also the opening song of Yoga's Trick Concert Tour and has been digitally released before the official release of Lin's *Mystery Guest* album.

* "Fly My Way"

The theme song for an online game endorsed by Lin in China. It is also featured as a bonus track in Lin's third album, *Perfect Life*.

* "Otomen" ("少女")

This song expresses the tender state of a man in love. It describes Lin's love story with his wife and his wife takes a starring role in the music video.

* "Flame in the Brook"("火焰小溪")

This song expresses the vision of the magical energy of the natural world. A little igniting seedling can burn a large area of grassland, and small streams can also converge into an ocean. At the same time, the creation of this song is also out of charity care for deaf children, I hope they can always maintain hope for the future in their lives.

## Award and nominations

| Year | Award | Category | Nomination | Result | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2008 | IFPI Hong Kong Album Sales Awards | Top 10 Selling Mandarin Albums of the Year | *Mystery Guest* | Won |  |
| 2009 | IFPI Hong Kong Album Sales Awards | Top 10 Selling Mandarin Albums of the Year | *Senses Around* | Won |  |
| | HITO Radio Music Awards
HITO流行音樂獎 | Top 10 Songs of the Year | "Mystery Guest" | Won |  |
| | 20th Golden Melody Awards | Best New Artist | *Mystery Guest* | Nominated |  |
| 2010 | Metro Radio Mandarin Music Awards | Songs of the Year | "Fairy Tale" | Won |  |
| 2012 | 23rd Golden Melody Awards | Best Male Vocalist – Mandarin | *Perfect Life* | Nominated |  |
| 2013 | 24th Golden Melody Awards | Best Male Vocalist – Mandarin | *Fiction* | Nominated |  |
| 2017 | 28th Golden Melody Awards | Best Male Vocalist – Mandarin | *Sell Like Hot Cakes* | Nominated |  |

* 2007 Winner, One Million Star Season 1 (Taiwan)
* 2008 HITO FM Newcomer (with One Million Star Season 1 finalists) (Taiwan)
* 2008 Hong Kong Metro Broadcast Co. (新城電台): Best Newcomer, Hot Idol, Hot Idol Group
* 2008 Korea Asia Song Festival Newcomer (Asia Region)
* 2008 Singapore Hit Awards: Best Producer (*Mystery Guest*) Award, Newcomer Award, Annual Popular Artist Award and Annual Chart Winner
* 2008 8th Global Chinese Music Awards: Most Popular Newcomer, Top 20 Songs Award (*The Gaze* 眼色)
* 2008 YouthBox Music Awards: Best New Act, Best Album of the Year (*Mystery Guest*)
* 2008 Hong Kong TVB8 Best Newcomer, Gold
* 2008 Beijing Charts Best Newcomer of the Year (Taiwan-HK Region)
* 2008 Hong Kong Metro Radio Hits King of Newcomers (Overseas)
* 2008 Singapore Radio 100.3 Top 20 Songs (1st *Admirer* 伯樂)
* 2008 Singapore Radio 100.3 Top 10 Male Singers (2nd)
* 2008 Singapore Y.E.S. 93.3 FM Top 10 Most Popular Male Singers (4th)
* 2008 Singapore Y.E.S. 93.3 FM Top 100 Songs (6th – 伯乐, 25th – 神秘嘉宾)
* 2008 Sina Newcomers Music Presentation: Best Newcomer (Taiwan-HK Region)
* 2009 Sprite China Pop Music: Best Newcomer (Taiwan), Most "IN" Popularity Award (Internet)
* 2009 HITO Top Singles in 2008: 10th-*Admirer* 伯樂, 20th:*Mystery Guest*, 38th:*The Gaze* 眼色
* 2009 Guangdong Radio 101 Top Singles in 2008: 20th-*The Gaze* 眼色, 31st: *Cruel Moonlight* 殘酷月光
* 2009 HitFM Top 10 Albums in 2008 (Taiwan)
* 2009 The Association of Music Workers in Taiwan Top 10 Singles in 2008:*The Gaze* 眼色

## InfoBox

| Yoga Lin | |
| --- | --- |
| 林宥嘉 | |
| Yoga Lin | |
| Born | (1987-07-01) July 1, 1987
Chaojhou, Pingtung, Taiwan |
| Alma mater | National Dong Hwa University |
| Occupation | Singer-songwriter |
| Years active | 2007–present |
| Spouse | Kiki Ting (m. 2017) |
| Children | Kubbe (son)
Pippi (daughter) |
| **Musical career** | |
| Also known as | James Lin
Lin Youjia |
| Genres | Mandopop, soft rock, jazz, swing, rock & roll, R&B |
| Instrument(s) | Vocals, piano, guitar |
| Labels | HIM International Music (2007–present) |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Chinese name | |
| Chinese | 林宥嘉 |
| Transcriptions  Standard Mandarin  Hanyu Pinyin Lín Yòujiā  Southern Min  Hokkien POJ Lîm Iū-ka | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Yoga Korunta

abstract: The Yoga Korunta or Yoga Kuruntha is a purported 5,000 year old text on yoga, said to have been written in Sanskrit by an otherwise unknown author, Vamana Rishi, allegedly discovered by Tirumalai Krishnamacharya in the National Archives of India in the early 20th century, and supposedly lost when Krishnamacharya's only copy was eaten by ants. Krishnamacharya also told various other stories of how he came across the Yoga Korunta; Fernando Pagés Ruiz noted in the Yoga Journal that he had heard "at least five conflicting accounts" of the supposed text. Krishnamacharya later related an oral "translation" of the text to his students, such as K. Pattabhi Jois and B. K. S. Iyengar. Jois claimed to have used that as the basis of his Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga system. The original text reportedly was not preserved, and its historicity and existence has been questioned; Krishnamacharya also spoke of a Yoga Rahasya which similarly has never been seen by anyone else. According to Mark Singleton's Yoga Body: The Origins of Modern Posture Practice, this legacy of Krishnamacharya is one of the bases for "power struggles" among competing schools of modern yoga; he notes that it is surprising that Jois or other pupils did not make copies of the valuable document, and that Krishnamacharya did not bother even to cite it in his 1934 book Yoga Makaranda. It is said to have been made up of stanzas using rhymed, metered sutras, in the manner common to texts transmitted orally in the guru-shishya tradition. The text is said to have described several lists of many different asana groupings, as well as highly original teachings on vinyasa, drishti, bandhas, mudras and general teachings. The name Yoga Korunta may be the Tamilized pronunciation of the Sanskrit words Yoga grantha, meaning "book about yoga". Alternatively, there may be some connection with the name of Kapālakuruṇṭaka, the author of the 18th century Haṭhābhyāsapaddhati.

text:
# Yoga Korunta

The ***Yoga Korunta*** or ***Yoga Kuruntha*** is a purported 5,000 year old text on yoga, said to have been written in Sanskrit by an otherwise unknown author, Vamana Rishi, allegedly discovered by Tirumalai Krishnamacharya in the National Archives of India in the early 20th century, and supposedly lost when Krishnamacharya's only copy was eaten by ants.

Krishnamacharya also told various other stories of how he came across the *Yoga Korunta*; Fernando Pagés Ruiz noted in the *Yoga Journal* that he had heard "at least five conflicting accounts" of the supposed text.

Krishnamacharya later related an oral "translation" of the text to his students, such as K. Pattabhi Jois and B. K. S. Iyengar. Jois claimed to have used that as the basis of his Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga system. The original text reportedly was not preserved, and its historicity and existence has been questioned; Krishnamacharya also spoke of a *Yoga Rahasya* which similarly has never been seen by anyone else. According to Mark Singleton's *Yoga Body: The Origins of Modern Posture Practice*, this legacy of Krishnamacharya is one of the bases for "power struggles" among competing schools of modern yoga; he notes that it is surprising that Jois or other pupils did not make copies of the valuable document, and that Krishnamacharya did not bother even to cite it in his 1934 book *Yoga Makaranda*.

It is said to have been made up of stanzas using rhymed, metered sutras, in the manner common to texts transmitted orally in the guru-shishya tradition. The text is said to have described several lists of many different asana groupings, as well as highly original teachings on vinyasa, drishti, bandhas, mudras and general teachings.

The name *Yoga Korunta* may be the Tamilized pronunciation of the Sanskrit words *Yoga grantha*, meaning "book about yoga". Alternatively, there may be some connection with the name of Kapālakuruṇṭaka, the author of the 18th century *Haṭhābhyāsapaddhati*.

1. Samuel, Geoffrey (2008). *The Origins of Yoga and Tantra*. Cambridge University Press. p. 8. ISBN 978-0-521-69534-3.
2. Russell, James."Yoga Korunta - Unearthing an Ashtanga Legend", Devon, 11/11/15. Retrieved on 20 September 2017.
3. Smith, Benjamin Richard (2007). "Body, mind and spirit? Towards an analysis of the practice of yoga". *Body & Society*. **13** (2): 25–46. doi:10.1177/1357034X07077771. S2CID 146669391.
4. Singleton, Mark (February 10, 2010). *Yoga Body : the origins of modern posture practice*. Oxford University Press. pp. 8, 184–186. ISBN 978-0195395341.
5. Ruiz, Fernando Pagés (22 May 2017). "Krishnamacharya's Legacy: Modern Yoga's Inventor". *Yoga Journal* (May/June 2001).
6. Kavalya, Alanna (April 28, 2012). "How We Got Here: Where Yoga Poses Come From". *Huffington Post*. Retrieved 11 May 2013.
7. Cushman, Anne (July–August 1999). "Previously Untold Yoga History Sheds New Light | From loincloths to leotards, yoga has come a long way in 5,000 years. But is yoga as we know it really that old?". *Yoga Journal* (147): 46.
8. "Ashtanga Yoga Background". ashtanga.com. Retrieved 2007-08-07.
9. K. Pattabhi Jois. "Ashtanga Yoga". Ashtanga Yoga Research Center. Archived from the original on 2007-06-30. Retrieved 2007-08-07.
10. "Jacqueline Hargreaves: Hathābhyāsapaddhati- A Precursor of Modern Yoga | YogaJaya". *YogaJaya*. Retrieved 2018-07-11.


title: Yinping railway station

abstract: Yinping railway station is a railway station in Xiegang, Dongguan, Guangdong, China. It opened on March 30, 2016.

text:
# Yinping railway station

**Yinping railway station** (simplified Chinese: 银瓶站; traditional Chinese: 銀瓶站; pinyin: *Yínpíng Zhàn*; Jyutping: *Ngan4ping4 Zaam6*) is a railway station in Xiegang, Dongguan, Guangdong, China. It opened on March 30, 2016.

## History

The station is named **Xiegang** during the planning and construction stage and is located on the southwest side of the former Xiegang railway station on the Beijing–Kowloon railway in the early planning stage. In 2010, after the Ministry of Railways intervened in the construction of the Pearl River Delta Metropolitan Region intercity railway, the line scheme was redesigned. Eventually, at the suggestion of Dongguan City and Zhangmutou Town, in order to avoid cutting the urban planning and make the line position straighter, the line position of the section from Changping to Xiegang was greatly shifted to the north, and the station was adjusted northwest to the current site.

In order to avoid the same name as the national railway station, the station was named **Yinping** at the end of 2015.

## InfoBox

| Yinping
银瓶 | |
| --- | --- |
| Platform (towards Huizhou) | |
|  | |
| Chinese name | |
| Simplified Chinese | 银瓶站 |
| Traditional Chinese | 銀瓶站 |
| Transcriptions  Standard Mandarin  Hanyu Pinyin Yínpíng Zhàn  Yue: Cantonese  Jyutping Ngan4ping4 Zaam6 | |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Location | Garden Boulevard (花园大道), Xiegang, Dongguan, Guangdong
China |
| Coordinates | 22°58′09″N 114°09′05″E / 22.96925°N 114.151489°E / 22.96925; 114.151489 |
| Owned by | Pearl River Delta Metropolitan Region intercity railway |
| Operated by | Guangdong Intercity Railway Operation Co., Ltd. |
| Line(s) | Guangzhou–Huizhou intercity railway |
| Platforms | 2 (2 side platforms) |
| Tracks | 2 |
| Construction | |
| Structure type | Elevated |
| Accessible | Yes |
| Other information | |
| Station code | KPQ (Pinyin: YPI) |
| History | |
| Opened | 30 March 2016 (2016-03-30) |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station  Pearl River Delta Metropolitan Region Intercity Railway Following station  Zhangmutou Easttowards Panyu  Guangzhou–Huizhou intercity railway  Lilin Northtowards Xiaojinkou | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Yolboyu, Çine

abstract: Yolboyu is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Çine, Aydın Province, Turkey. Its population is 527 (2022).

text:
# Yolboyu, Çine

**Yolboyu** is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Çine, Aydın Province, Turkey. Its population is 527 (2022).

## InfoBox

| Yolboyu | |
| --- | --- |
| Neighbourhood | |
| YolboyuLocation in TurkeyYolboyuYolboyu (Turkey Aegean) | |
| Coordinates: 37°38′00″N 28°02′00″E / 37.6333°N 28.0333°E / 37.6333; 28.0333 | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Aydın |
| District | Çine |
| Population (2022) | 527 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |


title: Yolbulan, Ergani

abstract: Yolbulan is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Ergani, Diyarbakır Province in Turkey. Its population is 658 (2022).

text:
# Yolbulan, Ergani

**Yolbulan** is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Ergani, Diyarbakır Province in Turkey. Its population is 658 (2022).

## InfoBox

| Yolbulan | |
| --- | --- |
| Neighbourhood | |
| YolbulanLocation in Turkey | |
| Coordinates: 38°14′N 39°38′E / 38.233°N 39.633°E / 38.233; 39.633 | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Diyarbakır |
| District | Ergani |
| Population (2022) | 658 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |


title: NKIA

abstract: NKIA is an enterprise software vendor based in Seongnam, South Korea and headed by CEO Seon-Woo Lee. The company develops various kinds of operations management systems and additionally provides consulting system management and training services. It is a leading provider of homegrown ITSM solutions to the South Korean market. It was founded in 1999, with subsidiaries later formed in Singapore and Malaysia and an office in Beijing.

text:
# NKIA

**NKIA** is an enterprise software vendor based in Seongnam, South Korea and headed by CEO Seon-Woo Lee. The company develops various kinds of operations management systems and additionally provides consulting system management and training services. It is a leading provider of homegrown ITSM solutions to the South Korean market. It was founded in 1999, with subsidiaries later formed in Singapore and Malaysia and an office in Beijing.

## Revenue

Revenue exceeded 10 billion South Korean Won in 2011, about 10% of which was earned outside of South Korea.

## Clients

### South Korean Government

NKIA is a major vendor of systems management solutions for domestic e-government projects. The South Korean Government's consistent ranking at the top of the United Nations' E-Government Readiness Index has been attributed in part to their use of NKIA software products. The National Computing and Information Agency's integrated operations management system was developed on the basis of three NKIA software products: Polestar ITSM, Polestar SMS, and Polestar XEUS.

Other public-sector clients in South Korea include the Ministry of Information and Communication, the Korea Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Ministry of Education & Human Resources Development, and the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, who used NKIA software for the National Education Information System.

### Other Clients

Other clients include Sun Microsystems, Asia Commercial Bank, LG Group, Malaysia Airports Technologies, KTX, Mobifone, Korea Telecom, and SK Telecom.

## Products

### Monitoring

* Polestar SMS : This is systems management software. NKIA and Tibero signed an agreement in 2011 to certify interoperability between Polestar SMS and Tibero RDBMS and to work together to ensure intercompatibility of future products.
* Polestar VM SMS
* Polestar NMS
* Polestar STM
* Polestar DPM
* Polestar WPM
* Polestar APM
* Polestar SOC EMS

### Operations Management

* Polestar ITSM
* Polestar ITAM: An IT asset management product
* Polestar Automation Suite
* Polestar XEUS: Provides a web-based cloud operations management solution to automate all IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service) administration tasks, including accounting, resource allocation, and real-time monitoring. It was released on September 7, 2011.
* Polestar TAMS

### Governance

* Polestar Big Data Suite
* Polestar Enterprise Dashboard

1. Yuni Ku. "티베로-엔키아, IT 운영관리 시장 위한 제휴 체결 (Tibero and NKIA agree to Co-operate to Enter the Operations Management Market)" *inews24* June 27, 2011. Retrieved on February 4, 2013.
2. "Company Overview of NKIA Corporation" *Bloomberg Businessweek* Retrieved on March 11, 2013.
3. Sung, Hyun-hee. "창간 30주년 특집-기술한류 - 엔키아 (Special 30th Anniversary Issue - Korean Technological Wave - NKIA)" *etnews* September 19, 2012. Retrieved on March 11, 2013.
4. Lee, Byung-Hee. "미래를 뛰는 强小 기업 (4): 엔키아 (Small but Powerful Companies Heading to the Future (4): NKIA)" *etnews* August 21, 2006. Retrieved on February 5, 2013.
5. Shim, Jae-Seok. "엔키아, 하반기 잇달아 해외사업 수주 (NKIA Wins Successive Overseas Contracts in Second Half of 2009)" *Digital Daily* November 25, 2009. Retrieved on March 11, 2013.
6. Kang, Dong-Sik. "엔키아, 정부통합전산센터에 공급 (NCIS to Source from NKIA)" *Digital Times* September 13, 2011. Retrieved on March 11, 2013.
7. Yang, Jong-Seok. "기업열전: ET클럽 회원사를 찾아서-엔키아 (Development Fever: Seeking Members for the ET Club - NKIA)" *etnews* August 24, 2007. Retrieved on March 11, 2013.
8. Lee, Sang-Il. "엔키아, 예금보험공사 ITAM 수주 (KDIC to Use NKIA ITAM)" *Digital Daily* October 12, 2009. Retrieved on March 11, 2013.
9. Lim, Min-Cheol. "티베로-엔키아, IT 운영관리 공략에 맞손 (Tibero and NKIA Sign Agreement to Enter IT Operations Management Market)" *ZDNet Korea* June 27, 2011. Retrieved on February 5, 2013.
10. "티베로-엔키아, 솔루션 파트너 협력으로 IT 운영 관리 시장 공략 (Tibero and NKIA Cooperate as Solutions Partners to Enter IT Operations Management Market)" *IDG IT World* June 27, 2011. Retrieved on February 5, 2013.
11. Sung, Hyun-hee. "엔키아, \`외산 독주\` 클라우드 운영 관리 시장에 도전장 (NKIA Seeks to Leave Overseas Competition Behind with its Entry into the Cloud Operation Management Market)" *etnews* September 7, 2011. Retrieved on February 5, 2013.

## InfoBox

NKIA Co., Ltd.
|
|  |
| Company type | Private |
| Industry | Enterprise Software |
| Founded | February 1999 (1999-02) |
| Headquarters | Seongnam, South Korea |
| Key people | Seon-Woo Lee (CEO) |
| Revenue | \> KRW 10 Billion (2011) |
| Website | nkia.co.kr |


title: NASA recovery ship

abstract: The NASA recovery ships are two ships, the MV Liberty Star and the MV Freedom Star, that were tasked with retrieving spent Solid Rocket Boosters (SRBs) following the launch of Space Shuttle missions. Although owned by NASA, the ships were operated by Space Flight Operations contractor United Space Alliance. Following the end of the Space Shuttle program, and therefore booster recovery, NASA transferred both vessels to the Department of Transportation.

text:
# NASA recovery ship

The **NASA recovery ships** are two ships, the MV *Liberty Star* and the MV *Freedom Star*, that were tasked with retrieving spent Solid Rocket Boosters (SRBs) following the launch of Space Shuttle missions. Although owned by NASA, the ships were operated by Space Flight Operations contractor United Space Alliance. Following the end of the Space Shuttle program, and therefore booster recovery, NASA transferred both vessels to the Department of Transportation.

## Design and construction

Both ships were built at Atlantic Marine Shipyard on Fort George Island, Florida, and delivered in January 1981 to their original owner, United Technologies Inc. They are propelled by two main engines providing a total of 2,900 horsepower (2.2 MW), and are capable of towing 60,000 pounds (27,000 kg) each. Two auxiliary engines with Jacuzzi-like jets (similar to those found in Naval riverine craft) as well as the extra caution taken by the crew allow the ships to coast up the Banana River without harming the significant manatee population.

All gear on deck, including the 7,500-pound (3,400 kg) deck crane used to lift the booster frustum on deck, compressors for removing seawater from the boosters, winches and reels, bolt on and off to allow the vessels to be used for purposes other than booster recovery such as towing the Pegasus barge from Michoud Assembly Facility.

Communications equipment includes a Kongsberg dynamic position system and joy stick control, X-band and S-band radars for tracking ship traffic and the falling SRBs, global positioning system, handheld VHF radios and GPS units, digital video and recording systems, voice and data satellite communication capability, VHF automatic direction finding, high-frequency single-side band radios, electronic chart plotters, night vision and Sea Area-3 Global Maritime Distress Safety System consoles. To satisfy NASA's need for more observational data during shuttle launches, a Weibel Scientific Continuous Pulse Doppler X-band radar was mounted on MV *Liberty Star* to provide velocity and motion information about the shuttle and any debris during launch.

## Activities

Aside from their usual missions of retrieving the Space Shuttle SRBs, the *Liberty Star* and *Freedom Star* have occasionally been used for other purposes. Starting in 1998, the ships began making use of their downtime between Shuttle launches by towing the Space Shuttle external fuel tanks from their assembly plant at Michoud Assembly Facility in New Orleans, Louisiana to the Vehicle Assembly Building at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida. The ships performed similar missions when the Ares 1-X rocket was tested.

To withstand the towing burden, *Liberty Star* and *Freedom Star* underwent deck-strengthening enhancements. The sterns were strengthened at critical points, new bulwark fairings were added, and an H-bitt was installed through which cabling is threaded to keep it centered during towing operations. A hydraulic towing winch was also installed, referred to as a double-drum waterfall winch, holding 2,000 feet or more of wire rope on each drum. One drum supports booster retrievals while the other is devoted to external tank towing.

The ships have also occasionally been used to support scientific research operations including research for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and several universities. The ships are normally docked alongside each other next to the Solid Rocket Booster processing facility at the Cape Canaveral Space Force Station in Florida.

| External videos | |
| --- | --- |
| HD video of SRB recovery operations of both ships after the launch of STS-133 on YouTube | |
| The *Freedom Star* passing through the Port Canaveral locks on YouTube | |

28°29′21″N 80°35′22″W / 28.4892°N 80.5894°W / 28.4892; -80.5894

## InfoBox

| *Liberty Star* with SRB after STS-87 | |
| --- | --- |
| Class overview | |
| Builders | Atlantic Marine Shipyard, Fort George Island nr. Jacksonville, Florida |
| Operators | United Space Alliance |
| Built | 19801981 |
| In commission | 1981present |
| Planned | 2 |
| Active | 2 |
| General characteristics | |
| Type | SRB recovery ship |
| Length | 176 ft (54 m) |
| Beam | 37 ft (11 m) |
| Draft | 12 ft (3.7 m) |
| Propulsion |  |
| Speed | 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph) |
| Range | 6,000 mi (9,700 km) |
| Boats & landing <br>craft carried | Two small boats |
| Capacity | 1 rocket booster |
| Complement | * Up to 24 * Normally 10 crew + 9 SRB retrieval team, retrieval supervisor and observers |
| Notes | Towing capacity: 60,000 pounds (27,000 kg) |


title: NASA research

text:
# NASA research

Since its establishment in 1958, NASA has conducted research on a range of topics. Because of its unique structure, work happens at various field centers and different research areas are concentrated in those centers. Depending on the technology, hardware and expertise needed, research may be conducted across a range of centers.

## Aeronautics

The Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate (ARMD) is one of five mission directorates within NASA, the other four being the Exploration Systems Development Mission Directorate, the Space Operations Mission Directorate, the Science Mission Directorate, and the Space Technology Mission Directorate. The ARMD is responsible for NASA's aeronautical research, which benefits the commercial, military, and general aviation sectors. The current NASA associate administrator heading ARMD is Robert A. Pearce who has held the position since 2019.

ARMD is involved in the creation of the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen).

A 2014 audit by the NASA Office of Inspector General reported that ARMD "solicits input from industry, academia, and other Federal agencies regarding research needs and...uses this information to develop its research plans", and concluded that the directorate supported "advancement of the nation's civil aeronautics research and technology objectives consistent with the National Plan" established in 2006.

ARMD performs its aeronautics research at four NASA facilities: Ames Research Center and Armstrong Flight Research Center in California, Glenn Research Center in Ohio, and Langley Research Center in Virginia.

## Medicine in space

A variety of large-scale medical studies are being conducted in space by the National Space Biomedical Research Institute (NSBRI). Prominent among these is the Advanced Diagnostic Ultrasound in Microgravity Study, in which astronauts (including former ISS Commanders Leroy Chiao and Gennady Padalka) perform ultrasound scans under the guidance of remote experts to diagnose and potentially treat hundreds of medical conditions in space. Usually there is no physician on board the International Space Station, and diagnosis of medical conditions is challenging. Astronauts are susceptible to a variety of health risks including decompression sickness, barotrauma, immunodeficiencies, loss of bone and muscle, orthostatic intolerance due to volume loss, sleep disturbances, and radiation injury. Ultrasound offers a unique opportunity to monitor these conditions in space. This study's techniques are now being applied to cover professional and Olympic sports injuries as well as ultrasound performed by non-expert operators in populations such as medical and high school students. It is anticipated that remote guided ultrasound will have application on Earth in emergency and rural care situations, where access to a trained physician is often rare.

## Salt evaporation and energy management

In one of the nation's largest restoration projects, NASA technology helps state and federal government reclaim 15,100 acres (61 km2) of salt evaporation ponds in South San Francisco Bay. Satellite sensors are used by scientists to study the effect of salt evaporation on local ecology.

NASA has started Energy Efficiency and Water Conservation Program as an agency-wide program directed to prevent pollution and reduce energy and water utilization. It helps to ensure that NASA meets its federal stewardship responsibilities for the environment.

## Earth science

*Main page: NASA Earth Science*

Understanding of natural and human-induced changes on the global environment (such as global warming) is the main objective of NASA's Earth science. NASA currently has more than a dozen Earth science spacecraft/instruments in orbit studying all aspects of the Earth system (oceans, land, atmosphere, biosphere, cryosphere), with several more planned for launch in the next few years. The earth science research program was created and funded in the 1980s under the administrations of Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush.

NASA is working in cooperation with National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). The goal is to produce worldwide solar resource maps with great local detail. NASA was also one of the main participants in the evaluation innovative technologies for the cleanup of the sources for dense non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs). On April 6, 1999, the agency signed The Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) along with the United States Environmental Protection Agency, DOE, and USAF authorizing all the above organizations to conduct necessary tests at the John F. Kennedy Space center. The main purpose was to evaluate two innovative in-situ remediation technologies, thermal removal and oxidation destruction of DNAPLs. National Space Agency made a partnership with Military Services and Defense Contract Management Agency named the "Joint Group on Pollution Prevention". The group is working on reduction or elimination of hazardous materials or processes.

On May 8, 2003, Environmental Protection Agency recognized NASA as the first federal agency to directly use landfill gas to produce energy at one of its facilities—the Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland.

### Ozone depletion

In 1975, NASA was directed by legislation to research and monitor the upper atmosphere. This led to Upper Atmosphere Research Program and later the Earth Observing System (EOS) satellites in the 1990s to monitor ozone depletion. The first comprehensive worldwide measurements were obtained in 1978 with the Nimbus 7 satellite and NASA scientists at the Goddard Institute for Space Studies.

### Climate study

Within the Earth science program, NASA researches and publishes on climate issues. Its statements concur with the interpretation that the global climate is heating. Bob Walker, who has advised president-elect Donald Trump on space issues, has advocated that NASA shut down its climate study operations. The *Washington Post* reported that NASA scientists copied data on climate change held on U.S. government computers, out of a fear that a Trump administration would end access to data on climate change.


title: Yoshihiro Senda

abstract: Yoshihiro Senda is a Japanese castle archeologist. He is a professor at Nara University and was president of the university from April 2014 to August 2016. His work focuses on the excavation and maintenance of castles from medieval and modern Japan, as well as comparative studies of castles around the world including those in Europe and Mongolia. He received the Hamada Seiryō Prize in 2015. He worked as a historical consultant for the taiga drama Sanada Maru in 2016. He has made several appearances on television. His books include Nobunaga's Castles, published by Iwanami Shoten.

text:
# Yoshihiro Senda

**Yoshihiro Senda** (千田 嘉博, *Senda Yoshihiro*, born July 19, 1963) is a Japanese castle archeologist. He is a professor at Nara University and was president of the university from April 2014 to August 2016. His work focuses on the excavation and maintenance of castles from medieval and modern Japan, as well as comparative studies of castles around the world including those in Europe and Mongolia. He received the Hamada Seiryō Prize in 2015. He worked as a historical consultant for the taiga drama *Sanada Maru* in 2016. He has made several appearances on television. His books include *Nobunaga's Castles*, published by Iwanami Shoten.

## Biography

Yoshihiro Senda was born in Aichi Prefecture. He entered Nara University in 1982 and graduated in 1986. Afterwards, he became a curator at Nagoya City Miharashidai Archeological Museum. In 1990, he became an assistant at the National Museum of Japanese History. In 1995, he studied at the German Archeological Institute and the University of York in the United Kingdom as an overseas researcher for the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture. In 2000, he received a Doctor of Letters from Osaka University for his book *The Construction of Shokuh Castles*. In 2001, he worked as assistant professor for the Archeology Division of the National Museum of Japanese History. In 2005, he became associate professor at Nara University and professor in 2009. He served as guest professor at the University of Tübingen and the Frankfurt University from August 2012 until August 2013. He acted as president of Nara University from 2014 until 2016. He was awarded the Hamada Seiryo Prize in 2015 by the city of Kishiwada and Asahi Shimbun for his contributions to and breakthroughs in the field of archeology of castles. In 2016, Senda worked on the researched-based historical reconstruction of the Sanada Maru for the NHK's taiga drama *Sanada Maru*. He appeared in the NHK's programs *Historical Anecdotes* and *Shumi Doki! Oshiro he Ikou!* The head of the NHK Osaka Broadcasting Center expressed gratitude to Senda for improving the programs' quality by providing castle knowledge and insights in an easy to understand manner. In 2018, the Nara Newspaper awarded him the Nara Newspaper Culture Award and the city of Uto, Kumamoto Prefecture honored him for his contributions to the city.

## Published work

### Co-authored

## Public activities

* Contributed to the *Asu he no Wadai* column in Nihon Keizai Shimbun's evening paper from July to December 2016.
* Assisted in the excavation and maintenance of castles in various locales, helped protect cultural property, and helped compile histories of local governments. Has been a member of the committee responsible for selecting Japan's Top 100 Castles as well as the Continued Top 100 Japanese Castles.

## InfoBox

| Yoshihiro Senda | |
| --- | --- |
| 千田 嘉博 | |
| Senda in 2019 | |
| Born | (1963-07-19) July 19, 1963
Aichi Prefecture, Japan |
| Nationality | Japanese |
| Occupation | Castle archaeologist |
|  | |
| Academic background | |
| Alma mater | Nara University
Osaka University |
| Academic work | |
| Institutions | Nara University
University of Tübingen
Goethe University Frankfurt |
|  | |


title: NGC 6789

abstract: NGC 6789 is a void irregular galaxy in the constellation Draco. It was discovered by Lewis Swift on Aug 30, 1883. It is located within the Local Void, a region of space with far fewer galaxies than its surroundings. NGC 6789 is the nearest blue compact dwarf (BCD) galaxy to the Milky Way. It is chemically homogeneous and relatively metal-poor.

text:
# NGC 6789

**NGC 6789** is a void irregular galaxy in the constellation Draco. It was discovered by Lewis Swift on Aug 30, 1883. It is located within the Local Void, a region of space with far fewer galaxies than its surroundings.

NGC 6789 is the nearest blue compact dwarf (BCD) galaxy to the Milky Way. It is chemically homogeneous and relatively metal-poor.

## InfoBox

| NGC 6789 | |
| --- | --- |
| Hubble Space Telescope image of NGC 6789 | |
| Observation data (J2000 epoch) | |
| Constellation | Draco |
| Right ascension | 19h 16m 41s |
| Declination | +63° 58 23 |
| Redshift | −0.000470 |
| Heliocentric radial velocity | −141 ± 9 km/s |
| Distance | 12 Mly (3.6 Mpc) |
| Apparent magnitude (B) | 13.76 |
| Characteristics | |
| Type | Im |
| Other designations | |
| NGC 6789,MCG+11-23-001, LEDA 63000 | |


title: You and Me at Home

abstract: You and Me at Home is an album by American musician John Hartford, released in 1980.

text:
# You and Me at Home

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *The Rolling Stone Album Guide* |  |

***You and Me at Home*** is an album by American musician John Hartford, released in 1980.

## Track listing

1. "You and Me at Home"
2. "Tonite We're Gonna Boogie"
3. "Your Stuff"
4. "River of Life"
5. "Ladies Live Such a Long Long Time"
6. "Once You've Had the Best"
7. "Don't Go Away"
8. "I Believe In You"
9. "My Love for You"
10. "Imagination Fired by Books"
11. "You and Me Reprised"

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| You and Me at Home | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by John Hartford | |
| Released | 1980 |
| Recorded | December 18 & 19, 1979 |
| Genre | Bluegrass |
| Label | Flying Fish |
| John Hartford chronology | |
| *Slumberin' on the Cumberland*
(1979) ***You and Me at Home***
(1980) *Permanent Wave*
(1980) | |


title: Yuanching Temple

abstract: The Yuanching Temple is a temple in Changhua City, Changhua County, Taiwan.

text:
# Yuanching Temple

The **Yuanching Temple** (traditional Chinese: 元清觀; simplified Chinese: 元清观; pinyin: *Yuánqīng Guān*) is a temple in Changhua City, Changhua County, Taiwan.

## History

The temple was constructed in 1763 in which it became the first temple in Taiwan to worship Jade Emperor. In 1887, it underwent renovation in which a grand theater stage was added.

## Architecture

The temple was constructed with early years of Qing Dynasty architectural style.

## Transportation

The temple is accessible within walking distance southeast of Changhua Station of Taiwan Railways.

## InfoBox

| Yuanching Temple | |
| --- | --- |
| 元清觀 | |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Location | Changhua City, Changhua County, Taiwan |
| Shown within Changhua County | |
| Geographic coordinates | 24°04′46.5″N 120°32′33.0″E / 24.079583°N 120.542500°E / 24.079583; 120.542500 |
| Architecture | |
| Type | temple |
| Completed | 1763 |


title: Yuancheng Group

abstract: Yuancheng Group, also known as Wuhan Yuancheng Technology Development Co., Ltd., is a Chinese chemical manufacturing company headquartered in Wuhan, China. The company is a notable supplier of precursors for the manufacturing of illicit drugs, such as Methamphetamine and Fentanyl. Yuancheng has approximately 700 employees and 30 locations across China. Yuancheng is designated as a New and High Technology Enterprise and therefore receives additional incentives from the Chinese government. The COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in China restricted the supply of precursors and resulted in price increases of street drugs in the USA. The supply shortages resulted in price increases and shortages in illegal drugs that were noticed on the streets of the UK. US law enforcement also told the NY Post that Mexican drug cartels were having difficulty in obtaining precursors.

text:
# Yuancheng Group

**Yuancheng Group**, also known as **Wuhan Yuancheng Technology Development Co., Ltd.**, is a Chinese chemical manufacturing company headquartered in Wuhan, China. The company is a notable supplier of precursors for the manufacturing of illicit drugs, such as Methamphetamine and Fentanyl. Yuancheng has approximately 700 employees and 30 locations across China. Yuancheng is designated as a New and High Technology Enterprise and therefore receives additional incentives from the Chinese government.

The COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in China restricted the supply of precursors and resulted in price increases of street drugs in the USA. The supply shortages resulted in price increases and shortages in illegal drugs that were noticed on the streets of the UK. US law enforcement also told the NY Post that Mexican drug cartels were having difficulty in obtaining precursors.

* www.whyctech.com

## InfoBox

Yuancheng Group
| Native name | 武汉远澄科技有限公司 |
| --- | --- |
| Formerly | Wuhan Yuancheng Factory Co., Ltd. |
| Company type | Private |
| Industry | Chemicals |
| Founded | 2001 (2001) |
| Founder | Ye Chuan Fa (叶传发, alternatively spelled as Chuen Fat Yip) |
| Headquarters | Wuhan, China |
| Number of locations | 30 |
| Number of employees | 700+ (2019) |
| Website | www.yuanchengtech.com |


title: Ysceifiog

abstract: Ysceifiog, also spelled as Ysgeifiog, is a village, community and parish in Flintshire, Wales. It lies on a back road just north of the A541 highway between Nannerch and Caerwys. The name translates roughly as "a place where elder trees grow". The parish includes the villages of Lixwm, to the east of Ysceifiog village, and Babell, to the north.

text:
# Ysceifiog

**Ysceifiog**, also spelled as **Ysgeifiog**, is a village, community and parish in Flintshire, Wales. It lies on a back road just north of the A541 highway between Nannerch and Caerwys. The name translates roughly as "a place where elder trees grow".

The parish includes the villages of Lixwm, to the east of Ysceifiog village, and Babell, to the north.

## Governance

Ysceifiog Community Council consists of nine councillors, and is not divided into wards.

The Ysceifiog and Caerwys communities make up the Caerwys electoral ward on Flintshire County Council, which elects one councillor.

Ysceifiog is part of the Delyn constituency and North Wales region for the Senedd, and of the Delyn constituency for parliament.

## Notable residents

The antiquarian and copyist of Welsh manuscripts John Jones (c.1585-1657/8) was born and brought up in the small mansion of Gellilyfdy in Ysceifiog parish.

Thomas Wynne (1627–1692) was born in Ysceifiog, where his family dated back seventeen generations to Owain Gwynedd. Wynne became personal physician to William Penn and was one of the original settlers of Philadelphia in the Province of Pennsylvania. He also served as speaker for the first two Pennsylvania Assemblies of the Province in Philadelphia in 1687 and 1688.

The poet William Edwards (Wil Ysceifiog) also lived there in the first half of the 19th century, and John Owen (1733-1776), one of the pioneers of Methodism in Flintshire, was a native of Ysceifiog.

## Today

The village pub, the *Fox Inn*, is a substantially unaltered 18th century building, with a front room listed on CAMRA's register of nationally important pub interiors.

The village committee maintains the local village hall which plays hosts to varying village events.

The local football team, Ysceifiog F.C., joined the Llandyrnog and District Village Summer League in 1976. It took them 31 years to win a trophy.

Although taking the name of the village Ysceifiog Wolves JFC, a successful junior league football team coming runners up in the Tesco UK Championships in 2011.

## Sources

* Dewi Roberts *The old villages of Denbighshire and Flintshire* (Gwasg Carreg Gwalch. 1999) ISBN 0-86381-562-6

## InfoBox

| Ysceifiog | |
| --- | --- |
| The village | |
| YsceifiogLocation within Flintshire | |
| Population | 1,247 (2021) |
| OS grid reference | SJ151714 |
| Community | * Ysceifiog |
| Principal area |  |
| Preserved county |  |
| Country | Wales |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Settlements | Babell, Lixwm, Ysceifiog |
| Post town | MOLD |
| Postcode district | CH7 |
| Post town | HOLYWELL |
| Postcode district | CH8 |
| Dialling code | 01352 |
|  | |
| Police | North Wales |
| Fire | North Wales |
| Ambulance | Welsh |
|  | |
| UK Parliament |  |
| Senedd Cymru – Welsh Parliament |  |
| Website | ysceifiog.org.uk |
|


title: Yugoslav Canadians

abstract: Yugoslav Canadians are Canadians of full or partial Yugoslav ancestry. At the 2016 Census, the total number of Canadians whose origins lie in former Yugoslavia, majority of whom indicated specific ethnic origin, was 386,340 or 1.12% of the total population. On the same census, there were 38,480 people who specifically indicated Yugoslav or Yugoslav Canadian as their ethnic origin; a 20% decrease from the 2011 Census when their number was 48,320.

text:
# Yugoslav Canadians

**Yugoslav Canadians** are Canadians of full or partial Yugoslav ancestry. At the 2016 Census, the total number of Canadians whose origins lie in former Yugoslavia, majority of whom indicated specific ethnic origin, was 386,340 or 1.12% of the total population.

On the same census, there were 38,480 people who specifically indicated *Yugoslav* or *Yugoslav Canadian* as their ethnic origin; a 20% decrease from the 2011 Census when their number was 48,320.

## History

Yugoslav Canadian
Population History
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1921 | 3,906 |  |
| 1931 | 16,174 | +314.1% |
| 1941 | 21,214 | +31.2% |
| 1951 | 21,404 | +0.9% |
| 1961 | 68,587 | +220.4% |
| 1971 | 104,955 | +53.0% |
| 1981 | 124,640 | +18.8% |
| 1986 | 167,125 | +34.1% |
| 1991 | 179,860 | +7.6% |
| 1996 | 248,425 | +38.1% |
| 2001 | 296,245 | +19.2% |
| 2006 | 346,805 | +17.1% |
| 2011 | 346,325 | −0.1% |
| 2016 | 386,340 | +11.6% |
| *Source: Statistics Canada*

*Note1: 1981 Canadian census did not include multiple ethnic origin responses, thus population is an undercount.* | | |

### 19th century

The first Serbs to arrive in Canada came to British Columbia in the 1850s. Many of them came from the state of California in the United States, while others directly emigrated from the Balkans. They primarily originated from the Bay of Kotor and the Dalmatian coast which had similar climates as their destinations. The majority of these migrants came from territories controlled by Austria-Hungary for political and economic reasons, and only a small number came directly from Independent Serbia. Those who settled were typically young single men and employed in mining or forestry near such towns as Phoenix, Golden Prince Rupert and Kamloops.

The history of Bosnian arrivals to Canada dates back to as far as the 19th century.

Many thousands of Aegean Macedonians emigrated to Canada in the 1890s. They settled primarily in Ontario, especially Toronto. Many early Aegean Macedonian immigrants found industrial work in Toronto. Later migrants found work as factory in abattoirs and foundries. Chatham and Windsor attracted many Macedonian immigrants who worked along the railroads. Many later settled in Detroit, Michigan.

### Early 20th century

In the first half of the 20th century, most of the Macedonians were largely classified as Bulgarians or Macedono-Bulgarians.

During the second wave of emigration, Serbs arrived in the prairies. In Saskatchewan, they took up farming. In Alberta, coal mining and road construction was a source of employment. Many Serbs worked on the construction of railway lines that now extend from Edmonton to the Pacific coast. Communities of Serbs emerged in Regina, Lethbridge, Edmonton and Calgary while significant populations formed in Atlin, British Columbia and Dawson, Yukon. In Ontario and Quebec, Serbs were drawn to work in the industry sector. By 1914, the Serbian community of the city of Hamilton, Ontario numbered around 1,000. Further Serb settlement was established in Niagara Falls, London, and Windsor. The first Serbian immigrants to the city of Toronto arrived in 1903; by 1914 there were more than 200 Serbs.

Many Macedonians emigrated to Canada as "pečalbari" (seasonal workers) in the early 20th century. Thousands of Macedonians emigrated to Canada after the failure of the Ilinden Uprising. Many early Macedonian immigrants found industrial work in Toronto, either as factory hands or labourers in abattoirs, or in iron and steel foundries. Many ended up running and owning restaurants, butchers and groceries. Macedonian entrepreneurs and their descendants eventually employed their numerical strength within the food service industry as a catapult into a variety of larger and more sophisticated ventures.

An internal 1910 census counted 1090 Macedonians in Toronto, who were principally from Florina (Lerin) and Kastoria (Kostur) then in Ottoman empire. During the same year, they established the Sts. Cyril and Methody Macedono-Bulgarian Orthodox Church in Toronto. and that church published *The First Bulgarian-English Pocket Dictionary* in 1913. Prior to World War I, many arriving Serbs were variously categorized under related Balkan groups, making the exact number of Serb immigrants difficult to determine.

Until World War II, most people who today identify themselves as Macedonian Canadians claimed a Bulgarian ethnic identity and were recorded as part of the Bulgarian ethnic group. The term Macedonian was used as a geographic/regional term rather than an ethnic one. At that time the political organization by the Slavic immigrants from the region of Macedonia, the Macedonian Patriotic Organization, also promoted the idea of Macedonian Slavs being Bulgarians.

During the Great War, military-aged Serb males who hailed from Serbia or Montenegro were considered allies but those who were born in Austro-Hungarian territories were deemed enemy aliens by Canadian law, even though their sympathies tended to lie with the allied cause. The latter were restricted in their freedom of movements, had to wear special identity cards and had to identify themselves regularly at the police station. Several hundred were interned in prison camps throughout the country under terrible conditions. Physicist Mihajlo Pupin, Serbia's consul in New York during the war, and Antun Seferović, the honorary consul of Serbia in Montreal, advocated for the rights of the classified aliens and internees through diplomacy via the *Srpska Narodna Odbrana u Kanadi* (*Serbian National League of Canada*) which resulted in exemption, compensation and the release of many ethnic Serbs. Another advocate for the rights of Serbs of Austro-Hungarian origin was Serbian-born court interpreter Bud Protich, who enlisted in the Canadian Army and was wounded in action in 1917.

### Mid 20th century

After 1921, all immigrants from Yugoslavia, including Serbs, were designated as "Yugoslavs". The interwar period saw a major increase in Serbian immigration to Canada. More than 30,000 Yugoslavs came to Canada between 1919 and 1939, including an estimated 10,000 Serbs. Many of these immigrants were single, working men who settled in the northern region of the province of Ontario.

After the Second World War, Serbian political émigrés who were opposed to the newly established Yugoslav communist government sought refuge in Canada. Many of these were POWs and laborers from Austria and Germany who refused to return to their homeland. They settled in cities such as Toronto, Sudbury and Hamilton.

In Canada, the first ethnic Croatian parish was established in Windsor in 1950. Soon, parishes were established in Toronto (1951), Hamilton (1958), Vancouver (1967), Winnipeg (1968). Today there are ethnic Croatian parishes and missions in seventeen cities in Canada. One of the most prominent Croatian Catholic parishes is the Queen of Peace Catholic Church in Norval, Ontario. The establishment of the parish began in 1976 when community members, under the guidance of the Franciscan Friars, gathered for one evening to discuss the necessity and logistics of creating a place of gathering and cultural and faith building and preservation for the large Croatian immigrant population. In May 1977, 160 acres of property were purchased by the organizing committee with the specific dedication to Croatian Catholics.

Between 1957 and 1971, some 23,000 Yugoslavs arrived in Canada, of whom 10-15% were Serbs. They established organizations, newspapers and cultural events.

### Late 20th century

In the late 1980s, Yugoslavia's communist government was on the verge of collapse. Shortly after the breakup of Yugoslavia in 1991, a large group of Serbs moved to Canada, mostly to Southern Ontario. This was a major brain drain, with educated Serbs fleeing serious economic problems and an undemocratic government. Other Serbs who came during the 1990s were refugees who fled the various civil wars in Yugoslavia.

The traditional centers of residence and culture for Bosnian Canadians are located in Toronto, Montreal, Edmonton and Calgary. The majority of Bosnian Canadians emigrated to Canada as refugees during and after the Bosnian War, which lasted from 1992-1995.

Serbian Canadians protested the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia which lasted from March 24 to June 10, 1999.

## Demography

### National and ethnic origins

In 2016, the total number of Canadians whose origins lie in former Yugoslavia, majority of whom indicated specific ethnic origin was 386,340.

| Ethnic group | 2016 | | 2011 | | 2006 | | 2001 | | 1996 | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Population | % | Population | % | Population | % | Population | % | Population | % |
| Croatian Canadians | 133,970 | 34.68% | 114,880 | 33.17% | 110,880 | 31.97% | 97,050 | 32.76% | 84,495 | 34.01% |
| Serbian Canadians | 96,535 | 24.99% | 80,320 | 23.19% | 72,690 | 20.96% | 55,540 | 18.75% | 40,200 | 16.18% |
| Slovene Canadians | 40,475 | 10.48% | 37,170 | 10.73% | 35,940 | 10.36% | 28,910 | 9.76% | 25,875 | 10.42% |
| Macedonian Canadians | 43,105 | 11.16% | 36,985 | 10.68% | 37,050 | 10.68% | 31,265 | 10.55% | 30,915 | 12.44% |
| Yugoslav Canadians | 38,480 | 9.96% | 48,320 | 13.95% | 65,305 | 18.83% | 65,505 | 22.11% | 66,940 | 26.95% |
| Bosnian Canadians | 26,740 | 6.92% | 22,920 | 6.62% | 21,040 | 6.07% | 15,720 | 5.31% | 8,975 | 3.61% |
| Montenegrin Canadians | 4,165 | 1.08% | 2,970 | 0.86% | 2,370 | 0.68% | 1,055 | 0.36% | N/A | N/A |
| Kosovar Canadians | 2,870 | 0.74% | 2,760 | 0.8% | 1,530 | 0.44% | 1,200 | 0.41% | N/A | N/A |
| **Total population** | **386,340** | **100%** | **346,325** | **100%** | **346,805** | **100%** | **296,245** | **100%** | **248,425** | **100%** |

1. Statistic includes the total population with ethnic or national origins from the region that once comprised Yugoslavia.
1. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2019-06-17). "Ethnic Origin (279), Single and Multiple Ethnic Origin Responses (3), Generation Status (4), Age (12) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data". *www12.statcan.gc.ca*. Retrieved 2022-09-28.
2. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2019-01-23). "Ethnic Origin (264), Single and Multiple Ethnic Origin Responses (3), Generation Status (4), Age Groups (10) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2011 National Household Survey". *www12.statcan.gc.ca*. Retrieved 2022-09-28.
3. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (1999-07-29). "Historical statistics of Canada, section A: Population and migration - ARCHIVED". *www12.statcan.gc.ca*. Retrieved 2022-09-28.
4. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2013-04-03). "Ninth census of Canada, 1951 = Neuvième recensement du Canada Vol. 1. Population: general characteristics". *www12.statcan.gc.ca*. Retrieved 2022-09-28.
5. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2013-04-03). "1961 Census of Canada : population : vol. I - part 2 = 1961 Recensement du Canada : population : vol. I - partie 2. Ethnic groups". *www12.statcan.gc.ca*. Retrieved 2022-09-28.
6. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2013-04-03). "1971 Census of Canada : population : vol. I - part 3 = Recensement du Canada 1971 : population : vol. I - partie 3. Ethnic groups". *www12.statcan.gc.ca*. Retrieved 2022-09-28.
7. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2013-04-03). "1981 Census of Canada : volume 1 - national series : population = Recensement du Canada de 1981 : volume 1 - série nationale : population. Ethnic origin". *www12.statcan.gc.ca*. Retrieved 2022-09-28.
8. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2013-04-03). "Census Canada 1986 Profile of ethnic groups". *www12.statcan.gc.ca*. Retrieved 2022-09-28.
9. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2013-04-03). "1986 Census of Canada: Ethnic Diversity In Canada". *www12.statcan.gc.ca*. Retrieved 2022-09-28.
10. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2013-04-03). "1991 Census: The nation. Ethnic origin". *www12.statcan.gc.ca*. Retrieved 2022-09-28.
11. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2019-06-04). "Data tables, 1996 Census Population by Ethnic Origin (188) and Sex (3), Showing Single and Multiple Responses (3), for Canada, Provinces, Territories and Census Metropolitan Areas, 1996 Census (20% Sample Data)". *www12.statcan.gc.ca*. Retrieved 2022-09-28.
12. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2013-12-23). "Ethnic Origin (232), Sex (3) and Single and Multiple Responses (3) for Population, for Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2001 Census - 20% Sample Data". *www12.statcan.gc.ca*. Retrieved 2022-09-28.
13. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2020-05-01). "Ethnic Origin (247), Single and Multiple Ethnic Origin Responses (3) and Sex (3) for the Population of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census - 20% Sample Data". *www12.statcan.gc.ca*. Retrieved 2022-09-28.
14. "Serbian Historical Sketch" (PDF). Archives of the Government of Ontario. 1972. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-01-31. Retrieved 2022-09-29.
15. Tomović 2002, p. 114.
16. Tomović 2002, p. 53.
17. Mandres 2020, p. 101.
18. Powell 2005, p. 267.
19. *The Canadian Family Tree: Canada's Peoples* (Third, reprint ed.). Corpus Information Services. 1979. p. 198. ISBN 978-0-91921-714-0.
20. Bosnian immigration - North American Immigration
21. South Slavic immigration in America, Twayne Publishers. A division of G. K. Hall & Co., Boston, George Prpic, John Carroll University, 1976, Chapter 18, The Bulgarians and Macedonians. p. 212 ..."The smallest of the South Slavic ethnic groups in America are the Bulgarians. One branch of them are the Macedonians."...
22. Magocsi, Paul R. (1999). *Encyclopedia of Canada's peoples – Paul R. Magocsi, Multicultural History, pp. 287–292, University of Toronto Press, 1999, ISBN 0-8020-2938-8*. ISBN 9780802029386. Retrieved 2011-05-11  via Google Books.
23. Danforth, Loring M. (1997-04-06). *The Macedonian Conflict: Ethnic Nationalism in a Transnational World, Page 88, by Loring M. Danforth*. ISBN 0691043566. Retrieved 2011-05-11  via Google Books.
24. Vuković 1998, p. 10.
25. Mandres 2020, pp. 101–102.
26. Mandres 2020, p. 102.
27. Lillian Petroff (December 15, 2013). "Macedonian Canadians". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved August 24, 2019.
28. "Macedonian History – Canadian Macedonian Historical Society". Macedonianhistory.ca. 2008-05-19. Retrieved 2011-05-11.
29. Petroff, Lillian (Winter 1981). "An Everyday Book: The First Bulgarian-English Pocket Dictionary". *Polyphony*. **3** (1): 20. Retrieved 12 August 2013.
30. *Macedonian immigrants have also been subsumed under the heading of Bulgarian immigrants, especially as regards the first wave, because in that period the history and population of the two countries was not as distinct as it is today. Until World War II, most people who today identify themselves as Macedonian Canadians claimed a Bulgarian ethnic identity and were recorded as part of the Bulgarian ethnic group (Magocsi, p. 287). Hence the Bulgarian community in Canada is deeply linked to the Macedonian Canadians.* The Bulgarian Diaspora in Canada: Stories of Immigration, Glavanakova, Alexandra; Andreev, Andrey, 2010, CEACS, Brno, Czech Republic; Migrating Memories: Central Europe in Canada, Volume 2 – Oral Histories. (ed.) Rodica Albu, 2010; ISBN 978-86-7746-255-0.
31. Magocsi, Paul R. (1999). *Encyclopedia of Canada's peoples – Paul R. Magocsi, Multicultural History, pp. 287–292, University of Toronto Press, 1999, ISBN 0-8020-2938-8*. ISBN 9780802029386. Retrieved 2011-05-11  via Google Books.
32. Raska, Jan (2014). "Contested Ethnic Identity: The Case of Macedonian Immigrants in Toronto, 1900-1996 by Chris Kostov (review)". *Canadian Ethnic Studies*. **46** (3): 140–142. doi:10.1353/ces.2014.0037. ISSN 1913-8253.
33. Danforth, Loring M. (1997-04-06). *The Macedonian Conflict: Ethnic Nationalism in a Transnational World, Page 87 by Loring M. Danforth*. ISBN 0691043566. Retrieved 2011-05-11  via Google Books.
34. Mandres 2020, pp. 100–103.
35. Mandres 2020, pp. 103–107.
36. Mandres 2020, pp. 111–114.
37. "Povijest Župe - Our History".
38. Judah, Tim (2008). *The Serbs*. Yale University Press. pp. 276–77. ISBN 978-0-30014-784-1.
39. CBC (1999-03-26). "Serb-Canadians protest NATO intervention". Retrieved 2020-07-17.

## Sources

## InfoBox

Yugoslav Canadians
*Canadien yougoslave*
*Jugoslavenski Kanađani*
Југословенски Канађани
*Jugoslovanski Kanadčani*
Југословенски Канаѓани
| Total population | |
| --- | --- |
| **38,480**
**0.11%** of the total Canadian population (2016) | |
| Languages | |
| Canadian English, Canadian French, Serbo-Croatian, Macedonian, Slovene
Albanian (to a lesser extent) | |
| Religion | |
| Christianity, Islam | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Yugoslav Americans, European Canadians | |


title: Yugoslav Communist Group

abstract: The Yugoslav Communist Group was an organization of Yugoslav revolutionaries in Russia, who had adopted a communist ideology. The group was affiliated to the Federation of Foreign Groups of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks). The organization began publishing the newspaper Revolucija in 1917. The group was represented by Ilija Milkić at the founding congress of the Communist International in March 1919. Milkić participated as a consultative delegate. At the time of the congress of the Communist International, the Yugoslav Communist Group had 112 members.

text:
# Yugoslav Communist Group

The **Yugoslav Communist Group** was an organization of Yugoslav revolutionaries in Russia, who had adopted a communist ideology. The group was affiliated to the Federation of Foreign Groups of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks). The organization began publishing the newspaper *Revolucija* in 1917.

The group was represented by Ilija Milkić at the founding congress of the Communist International in March 1919. Milkić participated as a consultative delegate. At the time of the congress of the Communist International, the Yugoslav Communist Group had 112 members.


title: Na-Insaafi

abstract:
Na-Insaafi is a 1989 Bollywood film directed by Mehul Kumar and it stars
Shatrughan Sinha, Chunky Pandey, Mandakini, Sonam in lead roles.

text:
# Na-Insaafi

***Na-Insaafi*** is a 1989 Bollywood film directed by Mehul Kumar and it stars Shatrughan Sinha, Chunky Pandey, Mandakini, Sonam in lead roles.

## Plot

Widowed Judge Kedarnath Sinha lives a happy life with two sons, CBI Inspector Vijay, and College-going Sonu. Vijay forgot, but is haunted by an incident in his youth that he can not clearly remember... In the past, on his fifth birthday party was interrupted by the crazed criminal Billa and his crew. Billa was sentenced by arrested by DCP Ravi Khanna and sentenced by Judge Kedarnath Sinha, for which he swore revenge. Billa fatally castrates DCP Ravi Khanna and then cuts off Kedarnath's hand. He then abducts and rapes Sharda Khanna, leaving her pregnant, something doctors have told her would be fatal...

In the present Vijay is effected by seeing glimpses of this and has flashbacks. Vijay actually Vijay has vowed to one day bring Billa to justice and becomes a CBI officer. He has a little brother named Sonu. On his twenty fifth birthday, once Kedarnath tells him that he is Sharda's and Billa's son, Sonu is shocked by the revelation. Sonu accepts this reality and leaves the Sinha home.

Little do the two brothers from the same mother realize that Billa is now the white collared Daaga, who is known to the people of India as a businessman; however it is all a cover as he is now a crime lord. Will the two brothers bring down Daaga or go their own ways and clash?

## Cast

## Soundtrack

Lyrics: Anjaan

| # | Title | Singer(s) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | "Ram Laxman Ki Jodi" | Nitin Mukesh, Udit Narayan |
| 2 | "Ham Beqarar Hain" | S. Janaki, Amit Kumar |
| 3 | "Main Hoon Babusha" | Alisha Chinai, Mohammad Aziz, Sudesh Bhosle |
| 4 | "Bombai Ki Kasam" | Alisha Chinai |
| 5 | "Aankhon Se Chhune Do" | Anupama Deshpande |
| 6 | "Ram Laxman Ki Jodi" (Sad) | Nitin Mukesh, Udit Narayan |

## InfoBox

| Na-Insaafi | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Mehul Kumar |
| Written by | Mehul Kumar |
| Produced by | Arjun Moolchadani |
| Starring | Shatrughan Sinha
Chunky Pandey
Mandakini
Sonam |
| Music by | Bappi Lahiri |
| Release date | * 30 June 1989 (1989-06-30) |
| Country | India |
| Language | Hindi |


title: Na+-exporting ATPase

abstract:
In enzymology, a Na+-exporting ATPase (EC 3.6.3.7) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
  - ATP + H2O + Na+ ⇌ ADP + phosphate + Na+ The 3 substrates of this enzyme are ATP, H2O, and Na+, whereas its 3 products are ADP, phosphate, and Na+. This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those acting on acid anhydrides to catalyse transmembrane movement of substances. The systematic name of this enzyme class is ATP phosphohydrolase (Na+-exporting).

text:
# Na+-exporting ATPase

In enzymology, a **Na+-exporting ATPase** (EC 3.6.3.7) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

ATP + H2O + Na+ $\rightleftharpoons $ ADP + phosphate + Na+

The 3 substrates of this enzyme are ATP, H2O, and Na+, whereas its 3 products are ADP, phosphate, and Na+.

This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those acting on acid anhydrides to catalyse transmembrane movement of substances. The systematic name of this enzyme class is **ATP phosphohydrolase (Na+-exporting)**.

* Wieland J, Nitsche AM, Strayle J, Steiner H, Rudolph HK (1995). "The PMR2 gene cluster encodes functionally distinct isoforms of a putative Na+ pump in the yeast plasma membrane". *EMBO J*. **14** (16): 3870–82. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1995.tb00059.x. PMC 394466. PMID 7664728.
* Catty P, de Kerchove d'Exaerde A, Goffeau A (1997). "The complete inventory of the yeast *Saccharomyces cerevisiae* P-type transport ATPases" (PDF). *FEBS Lett*. **409** (3): 325–32. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(97)00446-8. PMID 9224683.
* Cheng J, Guffanti AA, Krulwich TA (1997). "A two-gene ABC-type transport system that extrudes Na+ in *Bacillus subtilis* is induced by ethanol or protonophore". *Mol. Microbiol*. **23** (6): 1107–20. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.1997.2951656.x. PMID 9106203.
* Saier MH Jr (1998). *Molecular phylogeny as a basis for the classification of transport proteins from bacteria, archaea and eukarya*. Advances in Microbial Physiology. Vol. 40. pp. 81–136. doi:10.1016/S0065-2911(08)60130-7. ISBN 9780120277407. PMID 9889977. `{{cite book}}`: `|journal=` ignored (help)

## InfoBox

| sodium-exporting ATPase, phosphorylative mechanism | |
| --- | --- |
| Identifiers | |
| EC no. | 3.6.3.7 |
| Databases | |
| IntEnz | IntEnz view |
| BRENDA | BRENDA entry |
| ExPASy | NiceZyme view |
| KEGG | KEGG entry |
| MetaCyc | metabolic pathway |
| PRIAM | profile |
| PDB structures | RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum |
| Gene Ontology | AmiGO / QuickGO |
| Search  PMC articles  PubMed articles  NCBI proteins | |