title: Velleius Paterculus

abstract: Marcus Velleius Paterculus was a Roman historian, soldier and senator. His Roman history, written in a highly rhetorical style, covered the period from the end of the Trojan War to AD 30, but is most useful for the period from the death of Caesar in 44 BC to the death of Augustus in AD 14.

text:
# Velleius Paterculus

**Marcus Velleius Paterculus** (/vɛˈləs, -ˈləs/; c.19 BC – c.AD 31) was a Roman historian, soldier and senator. His Roman history, written in a highly rhetorical style, covered the period from the end of the Trojan War to AD 30, but is most useful for the period from the death of Caesar in 44 BC to the death of Augustus in AD 14.

## Biography

Few details of Velleius' life are known with certainty; even his praenomen is uncertain. Priscian, the only ancient author to mention it, calls him "Marcus", but the title page of the *editio princeps*, printed in 1520, calls him "Publius", probably due to confusion with a Publius Velleius mentioned in Tacitus. Elsewhere, the same volume calls him *Gaius*. Some modern writers use the latter name, based on an inscription found on a milestone at El Harrouch in Algeria, once part of Roman Numidia; but the inscription identifies this Gaius Velleius Paterculus as *legatus Augusti*, an office that the historian is not known to have held, and it is thought to date from the reigns of Claudius or Nero, by which time he is thought to have been dead. The Gaius Velleius Paterculus referred to may be the same man who was consul in AD 60, and a Lucius Velleius Paterculus was consul in the following year; but it is not apparent how either of them were related to the historian.

Our remaining information comes from Velleius' own brief description of his life, included in his history. He was born into a noble Campanian family about 19 BC, although the place of his birth is unknown. He was a great-great-great-grandson of Minatus Magius of Aeculanum in Samnium, who received the Roman franchise for his actions during the Social War. Several of his ancestors in subsequent generations held important magistracies or military commands, including his uncle, Capito, who was a member of the Roman Senate.

As a young man, Velleius served as a military tribune in Rome's eastern provinces. In AD 2, he was with the army of Gaius Caesar, and personally witnessed the meeting between the young general and Phraates V of Parthia on the banks of the Euphrates. Two years later, Velleius was a cavalry prefect serving in the command of Tiberius in Germania, having already held the office of *praefectus castrorum*. He continued as a senior member of Tiberius' staff until the future emperor's return to Rome in AD 12. While serving under Tiberius, Velleius was also elected quaestor, an important step on the *cursus honorum*, filling that office in AD 7.

Before his death in AD 14, the emperor Augustus designated Velleius and his brother, Magius Celer, for the praetorship. The emperor died before the *comitia* could be held, and so the two brothers were formally elected under Tiberius, serving their year of office in AD 15. Few other particulars of Velleius' life are known; he dedicated his history to Marcus Vinicius, and from his description of events during the latter's consulship in AD 30, Velleius must still have been alive that year. But Velleius was among the friends of Sejanus, whom he praises in his writing, and as there is no evidence that the historian survived his friend's downfall by any great length of time, it seems likely that he shared his fate.

## History

The original title of Velleius' history is uncertain. The *editio princeps* on title page styles it *P. Vellei Paterculi Historiae Romanae duo volumina ad M. Vinicium cos.* ("Publius Velleius Paterculus' two volumes of Roman History to the consul Marcus Vinicius"), but this was probably assigned the work by a copyist, or by one of the grammarians. The work is frequently referred to as a "compendium of Roman history," which has also been used as the title, as have the more abbreviated *Historiae Romanae*, or *Roman History*, or simply *Historiae* or *History*.

The work consists of two books, and was apparently conceived as a universal history. The first covers the period from the aftermath of the Trojan War to the destruction of Carthage at the end of the Third Punic War, in 146 BC. The volume is missing several portions, including the beginning, and a section following the eighth chapter, which deals with the founding of Rome. The second book, which continues the history from the age of the Gracchi to the consulship of Marcus Vinicius, in AD 30, is intact. It is particularly useful as the only connected narrative of events during this period; the portions of Livy's history dealing with the late Republic have been lost, and are known only from a brief epitome, while other historians covered only portions of the span. The period from the death of Caesar to that of Augustus is especially detailed.

Velleius' subject matter consists largely of historical highlights and character portraits, omitting subtler if equally important details. He draws upon the historical writings of Cato the Elder, Quintus Hortensius, Gnaeus Pompeius Trogus, Cornelius Nepos, and Livy, most of which have been lost. He also devotes some attention to Greek and Roman literature, and records unique details about Lucius Afranius and Lucius Pomponius, but he curiously omits any mention of important literary figures such as Plautus, Horace, and Propertius. According to Velleius, the peak of perfection in any literary field is arrived at quickly by the first arrivals. However, this was not an original insight, but a standard view of his time.

## Style

Velleius' style is characterized by the showy rhetoric, hyperbole, and exaggerated figures of speech that were typical of Silver Age Latin. Modern appraisals of his approach and its results vary considerably. In the *Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology*, William Smith writes,

> In the execution of his work, Velleius has shown great skill and judgment, and has adopted the only plan by which an historical abridgement can be rendered either interesting or instructive. He does not attempt to give a consecutive account of all the events of history; he omits entirely a vast number of facts, and seizes only upon a few of the more prominent occurrences, which he describes at sufficient length to leave them impressed upon the recollection of his hearers. He also exhibits great tact in the manner in which he passes from one subject to another; his reflections are striking and apposite; and his style, which is a close imitation of Sallust's, is characterized by clearness, conciseness, and energy, but at the same time exhibits some of the faults of writers of his age in a fondness for strange and out-of-the-way expressions. As a historian Velleius is entitled to no mean rank; in his narrative he displays impartiality and love of truth, and in his estimate of the characters of the leading actors in Roman history he generally exhibits both discrimination and judgment.

A more critical view appears in the 1911 edition of the *Encyclopædia Britannica*:

> The author is a vain and shallow courtier, and destitute of real historical insight, although generally trustworthy in his statements of individual facts. He may be regarded as a courtly annalist rather than a historian. His knowledge is superficial, his blunders, numerous, his chronology inconsistent. He labours at portrait-painting, but his portraits are daubs... The repetitions, redundancies, and slovenliness of expression which disfigure the work may be partly due to the haste with which (as the author frequently reminds us) it was written. Some blemishes of style, particularly the clumsy and involved structure of his sentences, may perhaps be ascribed to insufficient literary training. The inflated rhetoric, the straining after effect by means of hyperbole, antithesis and epigram, mark the degenerate taste of the Silver Age, of which Paterculus is the earliest example.

In his introduction to Velleius Paterculus, Frederick W. Shipley takes a middle ground:

> A compendium of Roman history, hastily compiled by an army officer... could hardly be expected to rise to the level either of great history or great literature. And yet, taken for what it is, a rapid sketch of some ten centuries of history, it is, in spite of its many defects... the most successful and most readable of all the abridgements of Roman history which have come down to us. Abridgements are usually little more than skeletons; but Velleius has succeeded, in spite of the brief compass of his work, in clothing the bare bones with real flesh, and in endowing his compendium with more than a mere shadow of vitality, thanks to his own enthusiastic interest in the human side of the great characters of history... \[I\]t has certain excellences of its own in the treatment of special subjects, especially the chapters on literary history, in which the author has a genuine if not very critical interest, the chapters on the Roman colonies, and those on the history of the organization of the Roman provinces, and in some of the character portraits of the great figures of Roman history.

## Legacy

Velleius' treatise was not intended as a careful and comprehensive study of history. The author acknowledged as much, and stated his desire to write a more detailed work, which he indicated would give a fuller account of the Civil War, and the campaigns of his patron, Tiberius, but there is no reason to believe that he ever did so. His history does not seem to have been widely known in antiquity. According to the scholiast, he was read by Lucan; the *Chronica* of Sulpicius Severus seems to have been modeled on Velleius' history; and he is mentioned by Priscian, but this seems to be the extent of his influence prior to the discovery of a badly damaged manuscript at Murbach Abbey in Alsace in 1515. Although corrupt and since lost, this formed the basis for the *editio princeps* published by Beatus Rhenanus in 1520, and a later copy acquired by Orelli.

## Early editions

On the sources see

* F. Burmeister, "De Fontibus Vellei Paterculi," in *Berliner Studien für classische Philologie* (1894), xv. English translation by J. S. Watson in Bohn's *Classical Library*.

## Newer edition

* *Velleius Paterculus, Historiarum Libri Duo*, ed. W. S. Watt (2nd ed. 1998. Saur, Stuttgart.) = Bibliotheca scriptorum Graecorum et Romanorum Teubneriana ISBN 3-598-71873-X

## Commentaries

* A. J. Woodman, *Velleius Paterculus: The Caesarian and Augustan Narrative (2.41-93)* (1983 Cambridge U.P.; repr. 2004 paperback) = Cambridge Classical texts and commentaries 25. ISBN 0-521-60702-7
* *Velleius Paterculus: The Tiberian Narrative* (1977 Cambridge U.P.; repr. 2004 paperback) = Cambridge Classical texts and commentaries 19. ISBN 0-521-60935-6)

### Translation with Latin text

* Velleius Paterculus, *Compendium of Roman History*, trans. F. W. Shipley; Loeb Classical Library 152 (Harvard University Press, 1924; ISBN 0-674-99168-0)

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Velleius Paterculus, Marcus". *Encyclopædia Britannica*. Vol. 27 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.

## Bibliography

* Balmaceda, C. (2014). Virtues of Tiberius in Velleius’ "Histories." *Historia*  63.3: 340–363.
* Connal, R. T. (2013). Velleius Paterculus: The Soldier and the Senator. *Classical World* 107(1), 49–62.
* Cowan, E. ed., (2011). *Velleius Paterculus: Making History.* Swansea: Classical Press of Wales.
* Gowing, A. M. (2010). Caesar Grabs my Pen: Writing on Civil War under Tiberius. In *Citizens of Discord: Rome and Its Civil Wars.* Oxford: Oxford University Press.
* Gowing, A. M. (2005). Empire and Memory. The Representation of the Roman Republic in Imperial Culture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
* Kramer, E. A. (2005). Book One of Velleius’ History: Scope, Levels of Treatment, and Non-Roman Elements. *Historia* 54.2: 144–161.
* Schultze, C. (2010). Universal and Particular in Velleius Paterculus. In *Historiae Mundi: Studies in Universal Historiography.* Edited by P. Liddel and A. Fear, 116–130. London: Duckworth.
* Starr, R. J. (1980). Velleius’ Literary Techniques and the Organization of his History. *Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association* 110: 287–301.
* Sumner, G. V. (1970). The Truth about Velleius Paterculus: Prolegomena. *Harvard Studies in Classical Philology* 74: 257–297.
* Syme, R. (1978). Mendacity in Velleius. *American Journal of Philology.* 99: 45–63.
* Syme, Ronald (1956). "Seianus on the Aventine". *Hermes*. **84** (3). Franz Steiner Verlag: 257–266. JSTOR 4474933.
* Woodman, A. J. (1975). Velleius Paterculus. In *Empire and Aftermath. Silver Latin II.* Edited by T. A. Dorey, 1–25. London: Routledge.


title: Velleman

abstract: Velleman is a Belgian producer and distributor of electronics, in particular for hobbyists. In a blog post introducing the products, RadioShack claimed Velleman to be "the undisputed leader in do-it-yourself kits and components". The company was founded by Koen Velleman in 1974 as a family-owned maker of do-it-yourself electronic kits, and incorporated as Velleman NV in the 1980s. It is headquartered in Gavere in East Flanders, 10 km south-west of Ghent, has 165 employees worldwide and a turnover of 37 million euros (2009).

text:
# Velleman

**Velleman** is a Belgian producer and distributor of electronics, in particular for hobbyists. In a blog post introducing the products, RadioShack claimed Velleman to be "the undisputed leader in do-it-yourself kits and components".

The company was founded by Koen Velleman in 1974 as a family-owned maker of do-it-yourself electronic kits, and incorporated as Velleman NV in the 1980s. It is headquartered in Gavere in East Flanders, 10 km south-west of Ghent, has 165 employees worldwide and a turnover of 37 million euros (2009).


title: Veresmart Offensive

abstract: The Veresmart Offensive was a World War I military engagement between Romanian forces on one side and Central Powers forces on the other side. It was part of the larger Battle of Transylvania. Although the Romanians failed to reach their planned objective, the strategic situation of the Central Powers was significantly worsened by the Romanian attack. Nevertheless, the Romanian forces did not exploit their strategic success further.

text:
# Veresmart Offensive

The **Veresmart Offensive** was a World War I military engagement between Romanian forces on one side and Central Powers forces (Germany and Austria-Hungary) on the other side. It was part of the larger Battle of Transylvania. Although the Romanians failed to reach their planned objective, the strategic situation of the Central Powers was significantly worsened by the Romanian attack. Nevertheless, the Romanian forces did not exploit their strategic success further.

## Background

At the onset of the Romanian Campaign, starting on 27 August 1916 with the Battle of Transylvania, the Romanian 1st Army, under the command of General Ioan Culcer, consisted of six divisions, of which four comprised the I Corps, led by General Ioan Popovici. In the middle of September, General Culcer moved the I Corps headquarters to Nagytalmács (Tălmaciu/Talmesch). General Popovici arrived in Nagytalmács along with his staff on 16 September. Popovici had two divisions under his command at Nagyszeben (Sibiu/Hermannstadt): the 13th and the 23rd. While concentrating their forces northwest of Nagyszeben in preparation for the impending battle for that city, the Germans kept the Romanians under artillery fire in order to keep them from sending out patrols that could have discovered the German build-up. Romanian frustration with having to endure this bombardment boiled over, and on 22 September General Popovici ordered his 13th Division to take the heights at Veresmart (Roșia/Rothberg), east of Nagyszeben. Although this action was against Culcer's orders, it was still Culcer himself who decided to appoint Popovici as commander of the two Romanian divisions headquartered at Nagytalmács.

The Romanians faced the cavalry formations of General Eberhard Graf von Schmettow. Von Schmettow's forces comprised the 1st Austro-Hungarian and 3rd German Cavalry Divisions. He was the commander of the 3rd Division, but both it and the 1st Austro-Hungarian were under his command.

## Romanian attack

The Romanian 13th Division attacked at dawn on 22 September, in order to gain surprise and avoid an artillery battle, for which it had insufficient ammunition. However, without an artillery preparation, the Central Powers positions remained unscathed, and their machine-gunners cut down the Romanians. In some areas, the fighting was intense, often hand-to-hand. In most places, the Romanians gained little or no territory. Popovici's only real success was attained south of Hortobágyfalva (Cornățel/Harbachdorf), where the Romanians faced the extremely thinly-held positions of the 7th Cavalry Brigade of the 1st Division.

## Aftermath

The expected continuation of the Romanian attack on 23 September did not take place.

The Romanian attack had driven a wedge between von Schmettow's two cavalry divisions, which — if exploited — could expose the flank of the 9th Army and ruin the plans to take Nagyszeben. The Romanian pressure was driving apart the 1st Austro-Hungarian and 9th German Armies. General Erich von Falkenhayn (9th Army) asked General Arthur Arz von Straussenburg (1st Army) to give him the arriving German 89th Division to fill the gap. Arz refused, stating that the 89th Division was his only reserve, and giving it away would fatally weaken his army. Arz's Chief of Staff, Colonel Josef Huber, doubted that the 1st Army could hold without the 89th Division. This admission unsettled von Falkenhayn, who contacted the German High Command and asked Erich Ludendorff for help. The latter sided with von Falkenhayn, giving him command of the division on 27 September. Falkenhayn also "grudgingly conceded" that Arz's 1st Army could withdraw its center if absolutely necessary, but not its right wing, which had to remain in contact with von Schmettow's cavalry in order to cover the rear of the 9th Army. Arz intended to use the German 89th Infantry Division to reinforce his center and left flank, hence why he was unwilling to comply. The *OHL'*s support for Falkenhayn, however, left Arz with no choice but to comply.

In terms of territory, the Romanian gains appear to have consisted mainly of the village of Oltszakadát (Săcădate/Sekadaten). A pair of Austrian post-war military maps seem to attest this. The first map, showing the situation of the front lines in Transylvania up to 19 September, places the line of the Romanian front in the area just beyond Felek (Avrig/Freck). On the map, Felek is placed to the southwest of a northward-facing bend in the Olt (Alt) River. The Romanian front line extends just beyond Felek, to the southwestern end of this bend. The second map, depicting the 26-29 September Battle of Nagyszeben, shows that the Romanian front on 26 September extended to the northeastern end of this bend, just beyond the village of Oltszakadát.

## InfoBox

| Veresmart Offensive | |
| --- | --- |
| Part of the Battle of Transylvania of the Romanian Campaign of World War I | |
|
Veresmart (Roșia) was the tactical goal of the Romanian offensive | |
| Date 22 September 1916  Location South of Veresmart, Transylvania, Austria-Hungary (today Roșia, Sibiu County, Romania)  Result  Romanian strategic victory | |
| Belligerents | |
| Romania | Germany
Austria-Hungary |
| Commanders and leaders | |
| Ioan Culcer
Ioan Popovici | Erich von Falkenhayn
Eberhard Graf von Schmettow |
| Units involved | |
| 1st Army
* I Corps     + 13th Division | 9th Army |
| Casualties and losses | |
| Unknown | Unknown |


title: Vermont Psychiatric Care Hospital

abstract: The Vermont Psychiatric Care Hospital is the State of Vermont's primary hospital for involuntary mental health patients. It is located in the town of Berlin, Vermont, in Washington County. With 25 beds, it was opened in 2014 as a replacement for the Vermont State Hospital, which had been closed due to flooding from Tropical Storm Irene. The hospital was designed and constructed by local firms at a cost of $23 million.

text:
# Vermont Psychiatric Care Hospital

The **Vermont Psychiatric Care Hospital** is the State of Vermont's primary hospital for involuntary mental health patients. It is located in the town of Berlin, Vermont, in Washington County. With 25 beds, it was opened in 2014 as a replacement for the Vermont State Hospital, which had been closed due to flooding from Tropical Storm Irene.

The hospital was designed and constructed by local firms at a cost of $23 million.

## InfoBox

| Vermont Psychiatric Care Hospital | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Geography | |
| Location | Berlin, Vermont, United States |
| Coordinates | 44°13′23″N 72°33′54″W / 44.22305°N 72.5650°W / 44.22305; -72.5650 |
| Organization | |
| Funding | Public hospital |
| Type | Specialist |
| Services | |
| Beds | 25 |
| Speciality | Psychiatry |
| History | |
| Opened | 2014 |
| Links | |
| Website | mentalhealth.vermont.gov/services/psychiatric-hospitalization/vermont-psychiatric-care-hospital |
| Lists | Hospitals in Vermont |


title: Verification (audit)

abstract:
Verification means "proving the truth" or "confirmation". Verification is an auditing process in which auditor satisfy himself with the actual existence of assets and liabilities appearing in the Statement of Financial position. Verification is usually conducted through examination of existence, ownership, title, possession, proper valuation and presence of any charge of lien over assets. Thus, verification includes verifying:
  - The existence of the assets and liabilities.
  - Legal ownership and possession of the assets
  - Correct valuation, and
  - Ascertaining that the asset is free from any charge Verification in an audit process can be done offsite or onsite. Offsite verification means verification by checking documents, official records, photos and by questioning staff responsible or otherwise trusted to be a reliable source for the facility in verification. Onsite verification means the verifying party is physically visiting the facility, getting introduced into due facts about it on the site where the facility is located and operated. The process may be regulated by law in certain countries.

text:
# Verification (audit)

**Verification** means "proving the truth" or "confirmation". Verification is an auditing process in which auditor satisfy himself with the actual existence of assets and liabilities appearing in the Statement of Financial position. Verification is usually conducted through examination of existence, ownership, title, possession, proper valuation and presence of any charge of lien over assets.

Thus, verification includes verifying:

1. The existence of the assets and liabilities.
2. Legal ownership and possession of the assets
3. Correct valuation, and
4. Ascertaining that the asset is free from any charge

Verification in an audit process can be done offsite or onsite. Offsite verification means verification by checking documents, official records, photos and by questioning staff responsible or otherwise trusted to be a reliable source for the facility in verification. Onsite verification means the verifying party is physically visiting the facility, getting introduced into due facts about it on the site where the facility is located and operated. The process may be regulated by law in certain countries.

## Objectives

Objectives of Verification are:

1. To show correct valuation of assets and liabilities.
2. To know whether the balance sheet exhibits a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the business
3. To find out the ownership and title of the assets
4. To find out whether assets were in existence
5. To detect frauds and errors, if any
6. To find out whether there is an adequate internal control regarding acquisition, utilization and disposal of assets.
7. To verify the arithmetic accuracy of the accounts
8. To ensure that the assets have been recorded properly
9. To know whether the assets are mentioned above is used in the company


title: Vernonia glauca

abstract: Vernonia glauca is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is endemic to the United States.

text:
# Vernonia glauca

***Vernonia glauca*** is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is endemic to the United States.

## InfoBox

| *Vernonia glauca* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae |
| Genus: | *Vernonia* |
| Species: | ***V. glauca*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Vernonia glauca***<br>Willd. | |
|


title: Vic Wilson (racing driver)

abstract: Victor Arthur Wilson was a British racing driver. Born in Hull and raised in South Africa, Wilson participated in two Formula One World Championship Grands Prix, the 1960 Italian Grand Prix at Monza and the 1966 Belgian Grand Prix at Spa-Francorchamps. In the former, he drove a private Cooper-Climax and retired just before half-distance, while in the latter he was entered in a private BRM but was forced to give his car to American Bob Bondurant before the race. He also participated in some non-Championship Formula One races. After racing, Wilson worked as a motor dealer before dying in a motor accident at Gerrards Cross, Buckinghamshire.

text:
# Vic Wilson (racing driver)

**Victor Arthur Wilson** (14 April 1931 – 14 January 2001) was a British racing driver.

Born in Hull and raised in South Africa, Wilson participated in two Formula One World Championship Grands Prix, the 1960 Italian Grand Prix at Monza and the 1966 Belgian Grand Prix at Spa-Francorchamps. In the former, he drove a private Cooper-Climax and retired just before half-distance, while in the latter he was entered in a private BRM but was forced to give his car to American Bob Bondurant before the race. He also participated in some non-Championship Formula One races.

After racing, Wilson worked as a motor dealer before dying in a motor accident at Gerrards Cross, Buckinghamshire.

## Complete Formula One World Championship results

(key)

| Year | Entrant | Chassis | Engine | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | WDC | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1960 | Equipe Prideaux | Cooper T43 | Climax Straight-4 | ARG | MON | 500 | NED | BEL | FRA | GBR | POR | ITA
Ret | USA | NC | 0 |
| 1966 | Team Chamaco Collect | BRM P261 | BRM V8 | MON | BEL
PO | FRA | GBR | NED | GER | ITA | USA | MEX |  | NC | 0 |
| Source: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

‡ The car was driven in the race by Bob Bondurant.

## InfoBox

Vic Wilson
| Born | (1931-04-14)14 April 1931
Drypool, Hull, England |
| --- | --- |
| Died | 14 January 2001(2001-01-14) (aged 69)
Gerrards Cross, Buckinghamshire, England |
| Formula One World Championship career | |
| Nationality | British |
| Active years | 1960, 1966 |
| Teams | non-works Cooper, non-works BRM |
| Entries | 2 (1 start) |
| Championships | 0 |
| Wins | 0 |
| Podiums | 0 |
| Career points | 0 |
| Pole positions | 0 |
| Fastest laps | 0 |
| First entry | 1960 Italian Grand Prix |
| Last entry | 1966 Belgian Grand Prix |


title: Verband Deutscher Industrie Designer

abstract: Verband Deutscher Industrie Designer e.V. or VDID is a professional organization for industrial designers based in Germany that was founded by seven German designers in 1959. The VDID is an association of German designers founded to promote the exchange of knowledge, ideas, professionalism, friendship, and support to all members to assist in the everyday working environment and career of industrial designers. The VDID works as a mediator between industry and designers, as well as politics and the economy. This organization is a sister organization to the Industrial Designers Society of America (IDSA) through the International Council of Societies of Industrial Design (ICSID).

text:
# Verband Deutscher Industrie Designer

**Verband Deutscher Industrie Designer** e.V. or VDID is a professional organization for industrial designers based in Germany that was founded by seven German designers in 1959. The VDID is an association of German designers founded to promote the exchange of knowledge, ideas, professionalism, friendship, and support to all members to assist in the everyday working environment and career of industrial designers. The VDID works as a mediator between industry and designers, as well as politics and the economy. This organization is a sister organization to the Industrial Designers Society of America (IDSA) through the International Council of Societies of Industrial Design (ICSID).

## History

Seven professional industrial designers that later were referred to in publications and in the media as the "7", joined together to found the VDID in 1959. These seven designers are Professor Arno Votteler, Professor Hans Erich Slany, Hans-Theo Baumann, Herbert Hirche, (de)Günter Kupetz, Rainer Schütze, and (de)Peter Raacke. They believed that designers needed an association to promote professional advocacy, support them in both legal and educational issues, and to represent the profession to the public. Around that same time they joined the ICSID as a full member. VDID also works closely with the German Fashion and Textile Design Association (VDMD) under the umbrella of the German Designer Association (DDV).

## Exhibitions, Meetings, Contests and Design Awards

The VDID promotes many other organizations within Germany and all of Europe by promoting exhibits, awards, and contests within the profession of industrial design. To accomplish this, there are regional as well as national meetings held regularly. The VDID sponsors such events as visiting the Porsche Museum, lectures on rapid prototyping, and lecture series by well known designers. While they support many competitions, these two are specific to the VDID:

* VDID Student Design Competition
* VDID Paper AB Competition

## Further reading

* Fiell, Peter; Fiell, Charlotte; Krumhauer, Julia, (2003). *Industrial Design A-Z*, Tashen, ISBN 978-3-8228-2426-9
* Bauer, Wolfgang-Otto (2007). *European Cutlery Design 1948-2000*, Arnoldsche Art Publishers, ISBN 978-3-89790-246-6.
* Ogursky, Guenter; Stof, Gabrielle (editors) (Unknown). *The Influence of Ergonomics on the Design of Power Tools*, Robert Bosch GmbH, Stuttgart
* Godau, Marion; Antonelli, Paola, (2007) *Design Directory Germany*, Universe, ISBN 978-0-7893-0389-9
* Marquart, Christian, (1994). *Industrial Culture - Industrial Design: A Piece of German Economic and Design History: The Founder Members of the Association of German Industrial*, John Wiley & Sons, ISBN 978-3-433-02343-3
* Zimmer, Prof. Dieter, (1987). *Zwei x 12 Deutsche Designer*, md Moebel Interior Design
* Zec, Prof. Peter, (1997). *German Design Standards*, Koln: DuMont, ISBN 978-3-7701-4290-3
* Betts, Paul, (2007), *The Authority of Everyday Objects: A Cultural History of West German Industrial Design (Weimar and Now: German Cultural Criticism)*, University of California Press, ISBN 978-0-520-25384-1


title: Vichy Springs, Napa County, California

abstract:
Vichy Springs, more fully Napa Vichy Springs is a set of springs in Napa County, California whose water was once bottled and sold in 1898 as Napa Vichy Water.
Vichy Springs is situated south of the Silverado Country Club and Milliken Creek on Montecello Road a few miles northeast of Napa. Vichy Springs and most of the surrounding lands had once been part of the Mexican land grant Rancho Yajome. Most of this watershed was wilderness area to at least 1869, and thereafter this portion of the Milliken Creek watershed, which historically and to present has a robust steelhead run, was developed as pasture and grazing agricultural uses. The ZIP Code is 94558. The community is inside area code 707.

text:
# Vichy Springs, Napa County, California

**Vichy Springs**, more fully **Napa Vichy Springs** is a set of springs in Napa County, California whose water was once bottled and sold in 1898 as *Napa Vichy Water*. Vichy Springs is situated south of the Silverado Country Club and Milliken Creek on Montecello Road a few miles northeast of Napa.

Vichy Springs and most of the surrounding lands had once been part of the Mexican land grant Rancho Yajome. Most of this watershed was wilderness area to at least 1869, and thereafter this portion of the Milliken Creek watershed, which historically and to present has a robust steelhead run, was developed as pasture and grazing agricultural uses.

The ZIP Code is 94558. The community is inside area code 707.

## Other uses of the name

There is a carbonated hot springs named *Vichy Springs* east of Ukiah, California.

### Reference bibliography

* Waring, Gerald Ashley (1915). *Springs of California*. U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper. Vol. 338. U.S. Government Printing Office. doi:10.3133/wsp338.

## InfoBox

| Vichy Springs | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| Vichy SpringsLocation within the state of CaliforniaVichy SpringsVichy Springs (the United States) | |
| Coordinates: 38°20′16″N 122°15′36″W / 38.33778°N 122.26000°W / 38.33778; -122.26000 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | California |
| County | Napa |
| Elevation | 75 ft (23 m) |
| Time zone | UTC-8 (Pacific (PST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-7 (PDT) |
| ZIP codes | 94558 |
| Area code | 707 |
| GNIS feature ID | 1660098 |


title: USS SC-40

abstract: USS SC-40, until July 1920 known as USS Submarine Chaser No. 40 or USS S.C. 40, was an SC-1-class submarine chaser built for the United States Navy during World War I. SC-40 was a wooden-hulled 110-foot submarine chaser built at the New York Navy Yard at Brooklyn, New York. She was commissioned on 13 February 1918 as USS Submarine Chaser No. 40, abbreviated at the time as USS S.C. 40. In 1919, Submarine Chaser No. 40 participated in North Sea minesweeping operations to clear the North Sea Mine Barrage after World War I. When the U.S. Navy adopted its modern hull number system on 17 July 1920, Submarine Chaser No. 40 was classified as SC-40 and her name was shortened to USS SC-40. On 14 October 1924, the Navy sold SC-40 to the Florida Boat Company of Washington, D.C.

text:
# USS SC-40

**USS *SC-40***, until July 1920 known as **USS *Submarine Chaser No. 40*** or **USS *S.C. 40***, was an *SC-1*-class submarine chaser built for the United States Navy during World War I.

*SC-40* was a wooden-hulled 110-foot (34 m) submarine chaser built at the New York Navy Yard at Brooklyn, New York. She was commissioned on 13 February 1918 as USS *Submarine Chaser No. 40*, abbreviated at the time as USS *S.C. 40*.

In 1919, *Submarine Chaser No. 40* participated in North Sea minesweeping operations to clear the North Sea Mine Barrage after World War I.

When the U.S. Navy adopted its modern hull number system on 17 July 1920, *Submarine Chaser No. 40* was classified as SC-40 and her name was shortened to USS *SC-40*.

On 14 October 1924, the Navy sold *SC-40* to the Florida Boat Company of Washington, D.C.

* *This article incorporates text from the public domain* Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships*. The entry can be found here.*
* NavSource Online: Submarine Chaser Photo Archive: SC-40
* The Subchaser Archives: The History of U.S. Submarine Chasers in the Great War Hull number: SC-40
* Woofenden, Todd A. *Hunters of the Steel Sharks: The Submarine Chasers of World War I*. Bowdoinham, Maine: Signal Light Books, 2006. ISBN 978-0-9789192-0-7.

## InfoBox

| *Submarine Chaser No. 40*, later *SC-40*, in the North Sea in 1919 during minesweeping operations to clear the North Sea Mine Barrage after World War I. | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| United States | |
| Name | * USS *Submarine Chaser No. 40* (1917-1920) * USS *SC-40* (1920-1924) |
| Builder | New York Navy Yard, Brooklyn, New York |
| Commissioned | 13 February 1918 |
| Reclassified | SC-40 on 17 July 1920 |
| Fate | Sold 14 October 1924 |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | *SC-1*-class submarine chaser |
| Displacement | * 77 tons normal * 85 tons full load |
| Length |  |
| Beam | 14 ft 9 in (4.50 m) |
| Draft | * 5 ft 7 in (1.70 m) normal * 6 ft 6 in (1.98 m) full load |
| Propulsion | Three 220 bhp (160 kW) Standard Motor Construction Company six-cylinder gasoline engines, three shafts, 2,400 US gallons (9,100 L) of gasoline; one Standard Motor Construction Company two-cylinder gasoline-powered auxiliary engine |
| Speed | 18 knots (33 km/h) |
| Range | 1,000 nautical miles (1,900 km) at 10 knots (19 km/h) |
| Complement | 27 (2 officers, 25 enlisted men) |
| Sensors and <br>processing systems | One Submarine Signal Company S.C. C Tube, M.B. Tube, or K Tube hydrophone |
| Armament |  |


title: St. George's College, Quilmes

abstract: St George's College is a private, bilingual, co-educational learning institution located in Quilmes, province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. It was founded in 1898.

text:
# St. George's College, Quilmes

**St George's College** is a private, bilingual, co-educational learning institution located in Quilmes, province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. It was founded in 1898.

## Sports

The school's main sports are rugby union and women's field hockey. Apart from those activities, St. George's also hosts association football, athletics, basketball, cricket, golf, swimming, tennis, handball and volleyball.

St. George's College, Quilmes
| Ground information | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina |
| Tenants | Argentina national cricket team |
| International information | |
| First T20I | 18 October 2023:
Chile v  Mexico |
| Last T20I | 20 October 2023:
Argentina v  Chile |
| As of 21 October 2023
Source: St George's College Ground Cricinfo | |

St. George's College, Quilmes
| St George's College Ground 2 | |
| --- | --- |
| Ground information | |
| Location | Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina |
| Tenants | Argentina national cricket team |
| International information | |
| As of 21 October 2023
Source: St George's College Ground 2 Cricinfo | |

St. George's College, Quilmes
| St George's College Ground 3 | |
| --- | --- |
| Ground information | |
| Location | Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina |
| Tenants | Argentina national cricket team |
| International information | |
| As of 21 October 2023
Source: St George's College Ground 3 Cricinfo | |

## Notable Old Georgians

### Alumni

Alumni of the school, known as *Old Georgians*, include Rhodes Scholars who attended Oxford, Cambridge, and Ivy League universities in the United States. In 1921, the Old Georgians Association was formed.

### Masters

## InfoBox

| St George's College | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Address | |
|  | |
| Guido 800
Greater Buenos Aires
Quilmes, Buenos Aires Province, (B1878 IIP)
Argentina | |
| Coordinates | 34°43′31″S 58°14′37″W / 34.72530089999999°S 58.24362159999998°W / -34.72530089999999; -58.24362159999998 |
| Information | |
| Funding type | Private |
| Motto | *Vestigia nulla retrorsum*
(*No footsteps leading backwards*) |
| Religious affiliation(s) | Anglicanism |
| Patron saint(s) | Saint George |
| Founded | 1898 (1898) |
| Founder | Reverend J. T. Stevenson |
| Status | Open |
| Sister school | St George's College North |
| Chairman | John Lees |
| Headmaster | James Diver |
| Gender | Co-educational |
| Age | 3 to 17 |
| Number of students | 844 |
| Student to teacher ratio | 22:1 |
| Language | English |
| Hours in school day | 8 |
| Campuses | 1 |
| Campus size | 27 hectares |
| Color(s) | Red, Blue, White |
| Sports | Rugby union, field hockey, swimming, athletics, football, basketball, cricket, golf, tennis |
| Yearbook | *The Georgian* |
| Website | stgeorges.edu.ar |


title: The Mimic (TV series)

abstract: The Mimic is a British television series shown on Channel 4, starting 13 March 2013. The series centres on the fortunes of Martin Hurdle, an everyday maintenance man with an uncanny ability to mimic voices and stars Terry Mynott in the lead role.

text:
# The Mimic (TV series)

***The Mimic*** is a British television series shown on Channel 4, starting 13 March 2013. The series centres on the fortunes of Martin Hurdle, an everyday maintenance man with an uncanny ability to mimic voices and stars Terry Mynott in the lead role.

## Cast

## InfoBox

| *The Mimic* | |
| --- | --- |
| Genre | Comedy |
| Written by | Matt Morgan |
| Directed by | Kieron Hawkes |
| Starring |  |
| Country of origin | United Kingdom |
| Original language | English |
| No. of series | 2 |
| No. of episodes | 11 |
| Production | |
| Producer | Jack Bayles |
| Running time | 25 minutes |
| Production company | Running Bare Pictures |
| Original release | |
| Network | Channel 4 |
| Release | 13 March 2013 (2013-03-13) <br>20 August 2014 (2014-08-20) |


title: Mlecze

abstract: Mlecze is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Orchowo, within Słupca County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.

text:
# Mlecze

**Mlecze** \[ˈmlɛt͡ʂɛ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Orchowo, within Słupca County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.

## InfoBox

| Mlecze | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Mlecze | |
| Coordinates: 52°30′02″N 18°07′09″E / 52.50056°N 18.11917°E / 52.50056; 18.11917 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Greater Poland |
| County | Słupca |
| Gmina | Orchowo |


title: Transbaikal Bald Mountain tundra

abstract: The Transbaikal Bald Mountain tundra ecoregion covers the high-altitude peak zones above the treeline in a series of mountain ranges that stretch from the northern reaches of Lake Baikal to the western coastal ranges of the Okhotsk Sea. Floral communities are those of mountain tundra, with bare rock or permafrost under layers of moss and lichen. Because the ecoregion is aligned along a common latitude, it acts as a route for the transmission of species across Siberia. The ecoregion is in the Palearctic realm and the tundra biome. It has an area of 217,559 square kilometres (84,000 sq mi).

text:
# Transbaikal Bald Mountain tundra

The **Transbaikal Bald Mountain tundra** ecoregion (WWF ID: PA1112) covers the high-altitude peak zones above the treeline in a series of mountain ranges that stretch from the northern reaches of Lake Baikal to the western coastal ranges of the Okhotsk Sea. Floral communities are those of mountain tundra, with bare rock or permafrost under layers of moss and lichen. Because the ecoregion is aligned along a common latitude, it acts as a route for the transmission of species across Siberia. The ecoregion is in the Palearctic realm and the tundra biome. It has an area of 217,559 square kilometres (84,000 sq mi).

## Location and description

The ecoregion stretches almost 1,800 km from west to east, forming a patchwork of sections that are mostly above 975 metres (3,199 ft) in a series of mountain ranges from Lake Baikal to the Okhotsk Sea. This string of high-altitude zones roughly follows 56 degrees north latitude, and much of the tundra climate is due to altitude zoning. The individual mountain ranges include the Stanovoy Range and the Dzhugdzhur Mountains. The highest elevation is 2,700 metres (8,900 ft).

## Climate

The region has a Subarctic climate (Koppen classification Dwc). This climate is characterized by high variation in temperature, both daily and seasonally; with long, cold winters and short, cool summers with no month averaging over 22 °C (72 °F); and with low levels of precipitation throughout the year. Mean precipitation in the Transbaikal bald mountain tundra region is about 121 mm/year. The mean temperature at the center of the ecoregion in January is −31.5 °C (−24.7 °F), and 15.8 °C (60.4 °F) in July.

## Flora and fauna

In general, the high peaks are bare rock at their highest, most windswept points. At lower elevations, moss and lichen form mats on the thin soil and permafrost. Mammals in this zone include marmots, moose, and musk deer.

## Protections

There are several significant nationally protected area that reach into this ecoregion:

## InfoBox

| Transbaikal Bald Mountain tundra | |
| --- | --- |
| High peaks in Bureya Nature Reserve | |
| Ecoregion territory (in purple) | |
| Ecology | |
| Realm | Palearctic |
| Biome | tundra |
| Geography | |
| Area | 217,559 km2 (84,000 sq mi) |
| Countries | Russia |
| Coordinates | 55°45′N 122°15′E / 55.75°N 122.25°E / 55.75; 122.25 |


title: William A. Ryan

abstract: William A. Ryan was a Democratic politician from Michigan who served as a member of the Michigan House of Representatives, and was Speaker of the House from 1969 through 1974. Ryan was also the president and financial secretary for UAW Local 104. Ryan also served as Clerk of the House in 1983 and 1984.

text:
# William A. Ryan

**William A. Ryan** (May 2, 1919 - October 9, 2001) was a Democratic politician from Michigan who served as a member of the Michigan House of Representatives, and was Speaker of the House from 1969 through 1974. Ryan was also the president and financial secretary for UAW Local 104. Ryan also served as Clerk of the House in 1983 and 1984.

## InfoBox

| William A. Ryan | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| 60th Speaker of the Michigan House of Representatives
3rd District (January 1, 1965-December 31, 1972)
Wayne 3rd District (1958-December 31, 1964) | |
| Member of the Michigan House of Representatives
3rd District (January 1, 1965-December 31, 1972)
Wayne 3rd District (1958-December 31, 1964) | |
| **In office**
January 8, 1969  December 31, 1974 | |
| Preceded by | Robert E. Waldron |
| Succeeded by | Bobby Crim |
| Member of the Michigan House of Representatives
from the 14th district
3rd District (January 1, 1965-December 31, 1972)
Wayne 3rd District (1958-December 31, 1964) | |
| **In office**
January 1, 1973  December 31, 1982 | |
| Preceded by | Ed Carey |
| Succeeded by | Joe Young, Sr. |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | William Aloysius Ryan
(1919-05-02)May 2, 1919
Morgantown, West Virginia |
| Died | October 9, 2001(2001-10-09) (aged 82)
Holt, Michigan |
| Resting place | St. Joseph Cemetery, Lansing, Michigan |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse | Virginia |
| Residence | Detroit, Michigan |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | United States of America |
| Branch/service | United States Marine Corps |
|  | |


title: The Spampinato Brothers

abstract: The Spampinato Brothers were a rock band from Cape Cod, Massachusetts. They played music combining a variety of styles including rockabilly, jazz rock, power pop, garage rock, alternative country, Americana music, country rock and folk rock. The group features Joey Spampinato, a founding member, former singer, songwriter and bass player of NRBQ from 1967 to 2008. Spampinato is also known for his bass playing on numerous albums including Keith Richards' album “Talk Is Cheap”, Bonnie Raitt's “Fundamental”, and was one of the bassists on Eric Clapton's “24 Nights: Live From Albert Hall” in 1991. He appeared in the film “Hail, Hail Rock N’ Roll”, with rock legends Chuck Berry and Keith Richards. Spampinato's songs have been covered by Bonnie Raitt, Shakin' Stevens, Los Lobos, Dave Edmunds and others. Joey Spampinato formed The Spampinato Brothers with his younger brother Johnny Spampinato, who toured, recorded and played lead guitar with NRBQ from 1994 until 2008. Johnny replaced NRBQ's previous guitarist Big Al Anderson, who left the group in 1994 to pursue a fruitful musical career as a respected songwriter, producer and session player in Nashville.

text:
# The Spampinato Brothers

**The Spampinato Brothers** were a rock band from Cape Cod, Massachusetts. They played music combining a variety of styles including rockabilly, jazz rock, power pop, garage rock, alternative country, Americana music, country rock and folk rock.

The group features Joey Spampinato, a founding member, former singer, songwriter and bass player of NRBQ from 1967 to 2008. Spampinato is also known for his bass playing on numerous albums including Keith Richards' album “Talk Is Cheap”, Bonnie Raitt's “Fundamental”, and was one of the bassists on Eric Clapton's “24 Nights: Live From Albert Hall” in 1991. He appeared in the film “Hail, Hail Rock N’ Roll”, with rock legends Chuck Berry and Keith Richards. Spampinato's songs have been covered by Bonnie Raitt, Shakin' Stevens, Los Lobos, Dave Edmunds and others.

Joey Spampinato formed The Spampinato Brothers with his younger brother Johnny Spampinato (The Incredible Casuals), who toured, recorded and played lead guitar with NRBQ from 1994 until 2008. Johnny replaced NRBQ's previous guitarist Big Al Anderson, who left the group in 1994 to pursue a fruitful musical career as a respected songwriter, producer and session player in Nashville.

## The Spampinato Brothers in TV & Film

During their tenure with NRBQ, bandmates Joey Spampinato, Johnny Spampinato, Terry Adams and Tom Ardolino were featured in animated form on an episode of *The Simpsons*. The group served as the unofficial "house band" for *The Simpsons* for the season 10-12 period in which longtime NRBQ fan Mike Scully was head writer and executive producer. Several of NRBQ's songs were featured on *The Simpsons*, including "Mayonnaise and Marmalade", which was written specifically for the show. The band also appeared in non-animated form on camera during the end credits to perform the show's theme song during the episode "Take My Wife, Sleaze". NRBQ also recorded a song entitled "Birdman" for an episode of *Space Ghost Coast to Coast* entitled "Pilot". The same lineup also appeared in motion pictures, including *Day of the Dead*, *Shakes the Clown*, and *28 Days*.

## New Projects

In 2011, The Spampinato Brothers released their first full-length album, entitled "Pie In The Sky," which featured eleven songs written by Joey and Johnny with input from the band's guitarist Aaron Spade and drummer J. Cournoyer. During 2012, The Spampinato Brothers embarked on a tour in Japan, showcasing their new material in addition to fan favorites from their years with NRBQ. In 2013, the band released a 6-song CD entitled "Smiles". Former Captain Beefheart guitarist Zoot Horn Rollo (Bill Harkleroad) is featured on the title track.

In 2019 and onward, Johnny Spampinato and the Value Leaders were touring regularly in Cape Cod, MA and elsewhere.

## Members

### Current members

* Joey Spampinato – lead vocals, bass, guitar (2008–present on)
* Johnny Spampinato – lead guitar, vocals, keyboard, steel guitar (2008–present on)
* Aaron Spade – rhythm guitar, vocals, keyboard (2008–present on)
* J. Cournoyer – drums, percussion (2008–present on)


title: Walterinnesia morgani

abstract: Walterinnesia morgani is a species of venomous snakes in the family Elapidae that is native to the Middle East.

text:
# Walterinnesia morgani

***Walterinnesia morgani*** is a species of venomous snakes in the family Elapidae that is native to the Middle East.

## Description and behaviour

(See the article on the genus at *Walterinnesia*)

## Distribution

The range of the species encompasses Syria, western Iran, southern Turkey, Iraq, eastern Saudi Arabia and Kuwait. The type locality is Khuzestan Province in south-western Iran.

## InfoBox

| *Walterinnesia morgani* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Captive specimen in Kuwait | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Suborder: | Serpentes |
| Family: | Elapidae |
| Genus: | *Walterinnesia* |
| Species: | ***W. morgani*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Walterinnesia morgani***<br>(Mocquard, 1905) Nilson & Rastegar-Pouyani, 2007 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Naja morgani* Mocquard, 1905 * *Atractaspis wilsoni* Wall, 1908 * *Walterinnesia aegyptia morgani* Rajabizadeh, 2018 | |


title: Pascal Costanza

abstract: Pascal Costanza is a research scientist at the ExaScience Lab at Intel Belgium. He is known in the field of functional programming in LISP as well as in the aspect-oriented programming (AOP) community for contributions to this field by applying AOP through Lispⁱ. More recently, he has developed Context-oriented programming, with Robert Hirschfeld. His past involvements include specification and implementation of the languages Gilgul and Lava, and the design and application of the JMangler framework for load-time transformation of Java class files. He has also implemented ContextL, the first programming language extension for Context-oriented Programming based on CLOS, and aspect-oriented extensions for CLOS. He is furthermore the initiator and lead of Closer, an open source project that provides a compatibility layer for the CLOS MOP across multiple Common Lisp implementations. He has also co-organized numerous workshops on Unanticipated Software Evolution, Aspect-Oriented Programming, Object Technology for Ambient Intelligence, Lisp, and redefinition of computing. He has a Ph.D. degree from the University of Bonn, Germany.

text:
# Pascal Costanza

**Pascal Costanza** is a research scientist at the ExaScience Lab at Intel Belgium. He is known in the field of functional programming in LISP as well as in the aspect-oriented programming (AOP) community for contributions to this field by applying AOP through Lisp. More recently, he has developed Context-oriented programming, with Robert Hirschfeld.

His past involvements include specification and implementation of the languages Gilgul and Lava, and the design and application of the JMangler framework for load-time transformation of Java class files. He has also implemented ContextL, the first programming language extension for Context-oriented Programming based on CLOS, and aspect-oriented extensions for CLOS. He is furthermore the initiator and lead of Closer, an open source project that provides a compatibility layer for the CLOS MOP across multiple Common Lisp implementations. He has also co-organized numerous workshops on Unanticipated Software Evolution, Aspect-Oriented Programming, Object Technology for Ambient Intelligence, Lisp, and redefinition of computing. He has a Ph.D. degree from the University of Bonn, Germany.

1. Dynamically Scoped Functions as the Essence of AOP OOP 2003 Workshop on Object-Oriented Language Engineering for the Post-Java Era, Darmstadt, Germany, July 22, 2003; published in ACM SIGPLAN Notices Volume 38, Issue 8 (August 2003), ACM Press

## Bibliography

* *JMangler-A Powerful Back-End for Aspect-Oriented Programming* (with Günter Kniesel and Michael Austermann), Chapter 15 of *Aspect-Oriented Software Development* by Robert E. Filman, Tzilla Elrad, Siobhán Clarke, and Mehmet Aksit, Addison-Wesley, 2005, ISBN 0-321-21976-7
* Full bibliography (DBLP, University of Trier)


title: Where's Officer Tuba

abstract: Where's Officer Tuba is an EP by the band Thinking Fellers Union Local 282, released in 1993.

text:
# Where's Officer Tuba

***Where's Officer Tuba*** is an EP by the band Thinking Fellers Union Local 282, released in 1993.

## Track listing

1. "Wide Forehead" (4.04)
2. "A Gentleman's Lament" (2.45)
3. "Outhouse Of The Pryeeeee" (5.04)
4. "I Am Beautiful, I Am Good" (1.46)
5. "Hive" (4.37)
6. "Heaven For Real Idiots" (1.20)
7. "Strolling Big Butter" (1.50)
8. "282 Years" (2.48)

## InfoBox

| Where's Officer Tuba | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| EP by Thinking Fellers Union Local 282 | |
| Released | 1993 |
| Genre | Indie rock |
| Label | Hemiola |
| Thinking Fellers Union Local 282 chronology | |
| *Mother Of All Saints*
(1992) ***Where's Officer Tuba***
(1993) *Admonishing The Bishops*
(1993) | |


title: Miąża

abstract: Miąża is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Damasławek, within Wągrowiec County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) west of Damasławek, 18 km (11 mi) east of Wągrowiec, and 60 km (37 mi) north-east of the regional capital Poznań.

text:
# Miąża

**Miąża** \[ˈmjɔ̃ʐa\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Damasławek, within Wągrowiec County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) west of Damasławek, 18 km (11 mi) east of Wągrowiec, and 60 km (37 mi) north-east of the regional capital Poznań.

## InfoBox

| Miąża | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Miąża | |
| Coordinates: 52°49′27″N 17°27′36″E / 52.82417°N 17.46000°E / 52.82417; 17.46000 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Greater Poland |
| County | Wągrowiec |
| Gmina | Damasławek |


title: Wharton Esherick Studio

abstract: Wharton Esherick Studio, now housing the Wharton Esherick Museum, was the studio of the craftsman-artist Wharton Esherick (1887–1970), in Malvern, Pennsylvania. The studio was built between 1926 and 1966, reflecting Esherick's evolving sculptural style—from Arts and Crafts, through German Expressionism, ending with the free form Modernist curves that marked his later work. There are five structures on the site: his home and studio, the 1956 workshop designed with Louis Kahn, the 1928 German Expressionist log garage which now serves as the museum visitor center, his woodshed, and the recently reconstructed German Expressionist outhouse. The buildings, from their structural forms down to the door handles and light pulls, were designed and built by Wharton Esherick to create a complete artistic environment. The studio is filled with more than 300 of Wharton Esherick's works, including sculpture, furniture and furnishings, paintings and prints. The Wharton Esherick Museum was incorporated as a non-profit corporation in 1971, it opened for visitors in 1972, and in 1973 was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The studio was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1993. Under the direction of the museum curator, the Wharton Esherick Museum holds an annual Thematic Woodworking Competition and Exhibition as a means to encourage creative thinking, and to encourage the development of new and imaginative designs for items of everyday use. The Diamond Rock Schoolhouse, which served as Esherick's painting studio during the 1920s, was acquired by the Wharton Esherick Museum in 2019.

text:
# Wharton Esherick Studio

**Wharton Esherick Studio**, now housing the **Wharton Esherick Museum**, was the studio of the craftsman-artist Wharton Esherick (1887–1970), in Malvern, Pennsylvania. The studio was built between 1926 and 1966, reflecting Esherick's evolving sculptural style—from Arts and Crafts, through German Expressionism, ending with the free form Modernist curves that marked his later work.

There are five structures on the site: his home and studio, the 1956 workshop designed with Louis Kahn, the 1928 German Expressionist log garage which now serves as the museum visitor center, his woodshed, and the recently reconstructed German Expressionist outhouse.

The buildings, from their structural forms down to the door handles and light pulls, were designed and built by Wharton Esherick to create a complete artistic environment. The studio is filled with more than 300 of Wharton Esherick's works, including sculpture, furniture and furnishings, paintings and prints.

The Wharton Esherick Museum was incorporated as a non-profit corporation in 1971, it opened for visitors in 1972, and in 1973 was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

The studio was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1993.

Under the direction of the museum curator, the Wharton Esherick Museum holds an annual Thematic Woodworking Competition and Exhibition as a means to encourage creative thinking, and to encourage the development of new and imaginative designs for items of everyday use.

The Diamond Rock Schoolhouse, which served as Esherick's painting studio during the 1920s, was acquired by the Wharton Esherick Museum in 2019.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Wharton Esherick Studio | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| U.S. National Historic Landmark | |
|  | |
| Wharton Esherick Studio | |
|  | |
| Location | 1520 Horseshoe Trail, near Malvern, Tredyffrin Township, Pennsylvania |
| Coordinates | 40°5′1″N 75°29′36″W / 40.08361°N 75.49333°W / 40.08361; -75.49333 |
| Area | 5.5 acres (2.2 ha) |
| Built | 1926 |
| Architect | Wharton Esherick; Louis Kahn |
| Architectural style | Bungalow/craftsman |
| NRHP reference No. | 73001615 |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | April 26, 1973 |
| Designated NHL | April 19, 1993 |


title: When a Girl Loves (1919 film)

abstract: When a Girl Loves is a 1919 American silent Western film directed by Phillips Smalley and Lois Weber and starring Mildred Harris, William Stowell and Wharton Jones.

text:
# When a Girl Loves (1919 film)

***When a Girl Loves*** is a 1919 American silent Western film directed by Phillips Smalley and Lois Weber and starring Mildred Harris, William Stowell and Wharton Jones.

## Cast

## Preservation

This Universal feature is now lost.

## Bibliography

* Karen Ward Mahar, *Women Filmmakers in Early Hollywood*. JHU Press, 2008.

## InfoBox

| When a Girl Loves | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Phillips Smalley
Lois Weber |
| Written by | Lois Weber |
| Starring | Mildred Harris
William Stowell
Wharton Jones |
| Cinematography | Dal Clawson |
| Production
company | Lois Weber Productions |
| Distributed by | Universal Pictures |
| Release date | * February 19, 1919 (1919-02-19) |
| Running time | 60 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Languages | Silent
English intertitles |


title: When a Crocodile Eats the Sun

abstract: When a Crocodile Eats the Sun is a 2006 book of memoirs by Peter Godwin. It is a continuation of Godwin's earlier memoirs, Mukiwa. The book was published by Picador.

text:
# When a Crocodile Eats the Sun

***When a Crocodile Eats the Sun*** is a 2006 book of memoirs by Peter Godwin. It is a continuation of Godwin's earlier memoirs, *Mukiwa*. The book was published by Picador.

## Content

Godwin, a White Zimbabwean follows the escalating political change in his home country as bloody land invasions and corruption engulf the country. He visits besieged white farmers and the families of those murdered. The book concentrates on conflicts between the MDC and Robert Mugabe's ZANU-PF and on family dynamics. His family's connections to the situation in Zimbabwe are thoroughly explored, in particular with the revelation that his father was a Polish Jew fleeing the Warsaw ghetto.

## Reception

"Tender, frustrated, unsentimental – this potent memoir holds little joy for Zimbabwe but is fiercely proud of its subjects' unyielding integrity." James Urquhart, *The Independent*.

"His book is heartfelt, absorbing and profoundly moving." Ian Critchley, *The Sunday Times*

"haunting and beautifully written.. He has written a powerful and deeply affecting book about a family trying to ride the tsunami of change." Michiko Kakutani, *New York Times*

"Peter Godwin, an acclaimed Zimbabwean journalist now living in Manhattan, masterfully weaves the political and the highly personal. An eyewitness account of that cataclysmic time, When a Crocodile Eats the Sun is also a tribute to Godwin's aging parents and a searing exploration of the author's own soul." Wendy Kann, *The Washington Post*

## InfoBox

When A Crocodile Eats the Sun
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Peter Godwin |
| Language | English |
| Genre | Memoirs |
| Publisher | Picador |
| Publication date | 2006 (UK & South Africa), 2007 (US) |
| Publication place | United Kingdom |
| Media type | Print (Hardback & Paperback) |
| Pages | 416 |
| ISBN | 0-330-43369-5 |
| OCLC | 70399364 |
| Preceded by | *Mukiwa* |
| Followed by | *The Fear: The Last Days of Robert Mugabe* |


title: Mladen Grujičić

abstract: Mladen Grujičić is a Bosnian Serb politician who is currently serving as the mayor of Srebrenica since 2016, a town and municipality located in the easternmost part of Republika Srpska, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. He is a member of the Alliance of Independent Social Democrats (SNSD).

text:
# Mladen Grujičić

**Mladen Grujičić** (Serbian Cyrillic: Младен Грујичић; born 13 April 1982) is a Bosnian Serb politician who is currently serving as the mayor of Srebrenica since 2016, a town and municipality located in the easternmost part of Republika Srpska, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. He is a member of the Alliance of Independent Social Democrats (SNSD).

## Biography

### Early life and career

Grujičić was born in 1982 in Srebrenica. He left the town during the Bosnian War in which his father was killed fighting for the Army of Republika Srpska.

After finishing his studies at the Faculty of Technology in Zvornik which as a part of the University of East Sarajevo, he started his business career, and after that he was a high school professor in the chemistry group of subjects at the High School Center in Srebrenica.

For several years, he led the Municipal Organization of Families of Captured and Killed Fighters and Missing Civilians in Srebrenica, and he was named "Humanist of the Year" by the republic organization for 2010.

### Political career

Grujičić is a longtime SNSD member and was a candidate for a member of local parliament in 2012.

On 10 July 2016, Mladen Grujičić a joint candidate of all Serb parties in Srebrenica started his campaign for the Mayor of Srebrenica for the 2016 local elections. His candidacy for mayor was announced on April 14, when a meeting of the leaders of nine Serb political parties from Srebrenica was held. At that time, it was agreed to run in the elections with a joint candidate for mayor within the coalition "Together for Srebrenica".

Grujičić defeated his rival Ćamil Duraković with 54.38% of the popular vote and took office as the new mayor of Srebrenica on 8 November 2016. This was the first time in 17 years that a Serb candidate won the elections.

### Srebrenica genocide controversy

Grujičić has been called a Serbian nationalist and Srebrenica genocide denier by the Bosniak public and his opponents. Talking about the Srebrenica massacre, Grujičić himself said this during the campaign:

> "It is an imposed story and it will fall sometime. No Serb and most Bosniaks living here believe in the Hague farce. Bosniaks who say that there was no genocide are even declared insane."

1. "Mladen Grujičić, srpski izbor". *STAV* (in Bosnian). 2016-10-06. Retrieved 2020-09-18.
2. Mitrović, Piše: Miloš (5 October 2016). "Mladen Grujičić: Dete Srebrenice". *Dnevni list Danas* (in Serbian). Retrieved 2020-09-18.
3. Hajdarbegovic, Emir. "Načelnik opštine". *www.srebrenica.gov.ba*. Retrieved 2020-09-18.
4. "Srebrenica: Grujičić kreće na Durakovića". *NOVOSTI* (in Serbian). Retrieved 2020-09-18.
5. "Grujičić preuzeo dužnost načelnika Srebrenice". *Radio Slobodna Evropa* (in Serbo-Croatian). 8 November 2016. Retrieved 2020-09-18.

## InfoBox

| Mladen Grujičić | |
| --- | --- |
| Младен Грујичић | |
| Grujičić in 2020 | |
|  | |
| Mayor of Srebrenica | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
8 November 2016 | |
| Preceded by | Ćamil Duraković |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1982-04-13) 13 April 1982
Srebrenica, SR Bosnia and Herzegovina SFR Yugoslavia |
| Citizenship | Bosnian and Herzegovinian |
| Political party | Alliance of Independent Social Democrats |
| Alma mater | University of East Sarajevo |
| Profession | Chemical technologist |
|  | |


title: What's Wrong with You

abstract: What's Wrong with You is an album by the American musician Robert Belfour, released in 2000. He was 60 when the album was released. Belfour supported the album by participating in the Fat Possum Juke Joint Caravan tour.

text:
# What's Wrong with You

***What's Wrong with You*** is an album by the American musician Robert Belfour, released in 2000. He was 60 when the album was released. Belfour supported the album by participating in the Fat Possum Juke Joint Caravan tour.

## Production

Belfour signed with Fat Possum after a fan spent years asking if Belfour's phone number could be relayed to the label. "Black Mattie" and "Done Got Old" were written by Junior Kimbrough, Belfour's former neighbor. Belfour used a drummer on only two tracks.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *The Commercial Appeal* |  |
| *The Penguin Guide to Blues Recordings* |  |
| *The Philadelphia Inquirer* |  |
| *Winnipeg Sun* |  |

*Billboard* wrote that Belfour's "insistent, fluid guitar work and keening singing may remind the listener of John Lee Hooker at times, but his strong, original songs ... and a hypnotic style that betrays his North Mississippi roots, establish him firmly in a class by himself." The *Winston-Salem Journal* determined that "it is impossible not to hear John Lee Hooker, Fred McDowell and Charlie Patton in Belfour's vocal phrasing and his delightfully eclectic guitar playing." *The Commercial Appeal* called the album "a tour-de-force of startling fortitude and timeless character that will have you envisioning Belfour contemporaries R. L. Burnside and the late Junior Kimbrough."

*The Village Voice* stated that, "with a voice cracking with the rage of the oppressed and cuckolded, 60-yearold Belfour is a silent sufferer who'd rather wallow than fight." The *Chicago Tribune* noted that, "even as fickle characters deceive, confuse and betray him, the singer maintains a melancholy dignity, his stoic voice exuding compassion even as the world he knows collapses around him." *The News-Gazette* deemed *What's Wrong with You* "easily one of finest pure Mississippi blues albums to emerge in years, if not decades." Knight Ridder considered it the second best blues album of 2000.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "My Baby's Gone" |  |
| 2. | "Black Mattie" |  |
| 3. | "What's Wrong with You" |  |
| 4. | "Done Got Old" |  |
| 5. | "Treat Me Right" |  |
| 6. | "Walkin' the Floor" |  |
| 7. | "Norene" |  |
| 8. | "Holding My Pillow" |  |
| 9. | "Bad Luck" |  |

## InfoBox

| What's Wrong with You | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Robert Belfour | |
| Released | 2000 |
| Studio | Money Shot |
| Genre | Blues |
| Label | Fat Possum |
| Producer | Matthew Johnson, Bruce Watson |
| Robert Belfour chronology | |
| *The Spirit Lives On*
(1994) ***What's Wrong with You***
(2000) *Pushin' My Luck*
(2003) | |


title: White Mercedes

abstract: "White Mercedes" is a song by English singer-songwriter Charli XCX. It was released on 23 October 2019 by Asylum and Atlantic UK as the fourth and final single from her third studio album Charli (2019). It was written by Charli XCX and produced by A.G. Cook, Andrew Watt and Happy Perez. The song is an emotional pop ballad about burning through a relationship with her boyfriend and throwing it away. An accompanying music video for the single, directed by Colin Solal Cardo, features Charli interacting with a sports car, a horse and a monster truck, all colored in white.

text:
# White Mercedes

"**White Mercedes**" is a song by English singer-songwriter Charli XCX. It was released on 23 October 2019 by Asylum and Atlantic UK as the fourth and final single from her third studio album *Charli* (2019). It was written by Charli XCX and produced by A.G. Cook, Andrew Watt and Happy Perez. The song is an emotional pop ballad about burning through a relationship with her boyfriend and throwing it away. An accompanying music video for the single, directed by Colin Solal Cardo, features Charli interacting with a sports car, a horse and a monster truck, all colored in white.

## Background and composition

Lyrically, in *Paper Magazine*, Charli XCX explained that every time she comes back to her relationship, she becomes "this annoying, hectic person" and her boyfriend, Huck Kwong, ends up getting hurt. Charli acknowledges she is undeserving of his love.

"White Mercedes" is described as an emotional ballad song. The song is composed in **4**
**4** time and the key of D major, with a tempo of 130 beats per minute.

## Music video

### Synopsis

The video starts with Charli performing inside a white sports car that's upside down, which later bursts into flames. She then interacts with a white horse and rides in the backseat of a white monster truck that crushes other cars. In the video, Charli is seen wearing a pink fluffy gown with multi-colored chains, leather knee-high boots and a slicked-back ponytail. The video was set in Kyiv, the capital city of Ukraine.

### Release

The song's music video was directed by Colin Solal Cardo and premiered on 10 October 2019 at Charli XCX's YouTube account.

## Live performances

On 26 September 2019, Charli XCX performed "White Mercedes" in the Artists Den concert at Rooftop at Pier 17 in New York City and she also performed it during the Pitchfork Music Festival in Paris on 1 November 2019. The singer performed the song throughout her Charli Live Tour in 2019 and 2020.

## Formats and track listings

* Digital download – Remixes EP

1. "White Mercedes" \[EDX's Miami Sunset Remix\] – 3:20
2. "White Mercedes" \[PBH & Jack Remix\] – 3:10
3. "White Mercedes" \[Martin Vogel Remix\] – 2:53

## Credits and personnel

### Location

* Recorded at: Andrew Watt's house

### Personnel

Credits adapted from Tidal.

* Charli XCX – vocals, songwriter, executive producer
* A.G. Cook – executive producer, additional production, programmer
* Andrew Watt – songwriter, producer, guitar, keyboards, programmer
* Happy Perez - songwriter, producer, guitar, keyboards, programmer
* Serban Ghenea – mixer
* Chad Smith – drums
* Ali Tamposi – songwriter
* Nathan Perez – songwriter
* Stuart Hawkes – masterer
* John Hanes – engineerer
* David Rodriguez – engineerer

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format | Version | Label | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Italy | 23 October 2019 | Contemporary hit radio | Original | Asylum/Atlantic UK |  |
| Various | 25 October 2019 |  | | EDX's Miami Sunset Remix |  |
| | | 1 November 2019 | | Marvin Vogel Remix |  |

## InfoBox

| "White Mercedes" | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by Charli XCX | |
| from the album  *Charli* | |
| Released | 23 October 2019 (2019-10-23) |
| Recorded | January 2018 |
| Studio | Andrew Watt's house |
| Genre | Pop |
| Length | 3:23 |
| Label |  |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Producer(s) |  |
| Charli XCX singles chronology | |
| "Click (No Boys Remix)"
(2019) "**White Mercedes**"
(2019) "Bricks"
(2019) | |
|  | |
| Music video | |
| "White Mercedes" on YouTube | |
|  | |


title: Mitsubishi FBR Systems

abstract:
Mitsubishi FBR Systems, Inc. (MFBR) is a company formed on July 1, 2007, by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries to develop Fast breeder reactor technology. The establishment of the company was based on the April 2007 decision by the Japanese government to select Mitsubishi as the core company for FBR development. Expectations are for a demonstration reactor for launching by 2025 and a full commercial plant by 2050, and for FBRs to eventually supersede Light water reactor technology in Japan.
  - Capitalization: 100 million yen
  - Stock holders: Currently exclusively Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, but there are plans to eventually accept investments from Japanese electric utility companies
  - Employees: 50, expanding to 160 by 2015
  - Location: Jingū-mae (神宮前) in Shibuya, Tokyo
  - President: Keizō Okada, the General Manager of the MHI Nuclear Systems Engineering Department The successor to Monju Nuclear Power Plant had been expected to be a larger demonstration plant to be completed around 2025, built Mitsubishi FBR. However, in 2014 Japan agreed to cooperate in developing the emergency reactor cooling system, and in a few other areas, with the French ASTRID demonstration sodium-cooled fast breeder reactor, which was subsequently cancelled in August 2019. In 2016, the development of Japanese fast reactors halted as a result of the government decision to decommission the Monju Nuclear Power Plant following problems with the plant including sodium leakage. In January 2022, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and Mitsubishi FBR Systems signed a Memorandum of Understanding with TerraPower to cooperate on the development of sodium-cooled fast reactors. Under the agreement TerraPower would acquire Japanese know-how and test facilities related to fast reactors.

text:
# Mitsubishi FBR Systems

**Mitsubishi FBR Systems, Inc.** (MFBR) is a company formed on July 1, 2007, by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries to develop Fast breeder reactor technology. The establishment of the company was based on the April 2007 decision by the Japanese government to select Mitsubishi as the core company for FBR development. Expectations are for a demonstration reactor for launching by 2025 and a full commercial plant by 2050, and for FBRs to eventually supersede Light water reactor technology in Japan.

* Capitalization: 100 million yen
* Stock holders: Currently exclusively Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, but there are plans to eventually accept investments from Japanese electric utility companies
* Employees: 50, expanding to 160 by 2015
* Location: Jingū-mae (神宮前) in Shibuya, Tokyo
* President: Keizō Okada, the General Manager of the MHI Nuclear Systems Engineering Department

The successor to Monju Nuclear Power Plant had been expected to be a larger demonstration plant to be completed around 2025, built Mitsubishi FBR. However, in 2014 Japan agreed to cooperate in developing the emergency reactor cooling system, and in a few other areas, with the French ASTRID demonstration sodium-cooled fast breeder reactor, which was subsequently cancelled in August 2019.

In 2016, the development of Japanese fast reactors halted as a result of the government decision to decommission the Monju Nuclear Power Plant following problems with the plant including sodium leakage.

In January 2022, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and Mitsubishi FBR Systems signed a Memorandum of Understanding with TerraPower to cooperate on the development of sodium-cooled fast reactors. Under the agreement TerraPower would acquire Japanese know-how and test facilities related to fast reactors.


title: Mizuki Nishiyama

abstract: Mizuki Nishiyama is a mixed Japanese artist based in New York City and London. She is known for her abstracted figurative paintings that explore human fragility, vulnerability, intimacy, and her mixed heritages of Japan, Hong Kong, and Italy. She speaks 6 languages, and had solo exhibited 8 international shows, and more than 15 international group shows by 22 years old.

text:
# Mizuki Nishiyama

**Mizuki Nishiyama** (Japanese: 西山瑞貴, Hepburn: *Nishiyama Mizuki*, born 1998) is a mixed Japanese artist based in New York City and London.

She is known for her abstracted figurative paintings that explore human fragility, vulnerability, intimacy, and her mixed heritages of Japan, Hong Kong, and Italy. She speaks 6 languages, and had solo exhibited 8 international shows, and more than 15 international group shows by 22 years old.

## Early life and education

Nishiyama graduated from Parsons School of Design with a Bachelors of Fine Arts, and Central Saint Martins with a Masters of Fine Arts degree. She also attended Canadian International School of Hong Kong.

## Solo exhibitions

2022 - The Beautiful and The Grotesque, Haus of Contemporary, Hong Kong

2022 - Seiza: Transgressing the Seated Body, Art Next, Hong Kong

2021 - *Moroi*, Shout Gallery, Hong Kong

2021 - *Ikebana*, International Finance Centre, Hong Kong

2021 - *Mizuki Nishiyama*, Mr Wolf, Hong Kong

2020 - *Shunga*, Operation Smile Charity Exhibition, Whitestone Gallery, Hong Kong

2020 - *An Exploration of Human Fragility : Love and Lust,* Tenri Cultural Institute of New York, New York, NY

2019 - *Mizuki Nishiyama: 脆い: An Exploration of Human Fragility,* The Greenpoint Gallery, New York, NY

2018 - *Mizuki Nishiyama*, Rabbit House, New York, NY

## InfoBox

| Mizuki Nishiyama | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1998<br>Hong Kong |
| Nationality | Japanese |
| Education | Parsons School of Design Central Saint Martins |
| Occupation | Artist |


title: Mizuki Sonoda

abstract: Mizuki Sonoda is a Japanese professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for WE League club Albirex Niigata Ladies.

text:
# Mizuki Sonoda

**Mizuki Sonoda** (born 21 November 1996) is a Japanese professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for WE League club Albirex Niigata Ladies.

## Club career

Sonoda made her WE League debut on 12 September 2021.

## InfoBox

Mizuki Sonoda
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1996-11-21) 21 November 1996 | | |
| Place of birth | Kyoto Prefecture, Japan | | |
| Height | 1.64 m (5 ft 5 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Midfielder | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | Albirex Niigata Ladies | | |
| Number | 7 | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
|  | Albirex Niigata Ladies |  |  |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Whitewater High School (Georgia)

abstract: Whitewater High School is a public secondary school in Fayetteville, Georgia, United States. It serves grades 9-12 for the Fayette County School System.

text:
# Whitewater High School (Georgia)

**Whitewater High School** is a public secondary school in Fayetteville, Georgia, United States. It serves grades 9-12 for the Fayette County School System.

## Academics

Whitewater has been accredited by Cognia, or its predecessors, since 2003. The school was ranked 1,758th nationally, 42nd for Georgia and 3rd for Fayette County in the 2020 *U.S. News & World Report*'s annual ranking of high schools.

## Demographics

The demographic breakdown of the 1,428 students enrolled for 2018-19 was:

* Male - 50.8%
* Female - 49.2%
* Native American/Alaskan - \>0.1%
* Asian - 3.4%
* Black - 20.3%
* Hispanic - 8.1%
* Native Hawaiian/Pacific islanders - 0.1%
* White - 62.6%
* Multiracial - 5.5%

17.9% of the students were eligible for free or reduced-cost lunch.

## Notable alumni

## Fine Arts

### Band

Whitewater High School features four performing ensembles that include a jazz band, a concert band, a symphonic band, and a wind ensemble. Concert, Symphonic, and Wind Ensembles all consecutively earn superior ratings at the GMEA Large Group Performance Evaluation (LGPE) each year. The Whitewater Marching Band also consistently places top spots in various marching competitions in the region, with them currently being the Grand Champion of the Lafayette Marching Classic for the second year in a row.

## InfoBox

| Whitewater High School | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Address | |
|  | |
| 100 Wildcat Way
Fayetteville, Georgia 30215
United States | |
| Coordinates | 33°22′38″N 84°28′20″W / 33.377132°N 84.472141°W / 33.377132; -84.472141 |
| Information | |
| Type | Public secondary school |
| Motto | "Knowledge, Opportunity, and Success" |
| Established | 2003 |
| School district | Fayette County School System |
| Principal | Krystin Hall |
| Teaching staff | 89.60 (on an FTE basis) |
| Grades | 9–12 |
| Enrollment | 1,387 (2022-23) |
| Student to teacher ratio | 15.48 |
| Campus | Rural fringe |
| Color(s) | Cardinal red, silver and black |
| Nickname | Wildcats |
| Accreditation | Cognia |
| Yearbook | *Vision* |
| Website | fcboe.org/whs |


title: Mladen Vukasović

abstract: Mladen Vukasović is a Montenegrin professional footballer who played for Radnik Surdulica in the Serbian SuperLiga. He is a younger brother of Marko Vukasović.

text:
# Mladen Vukasović

**Mladen Vukasović** (Cyrillic: Младен Вукасовић, born 22 July 1992) is a Montenegrin professional footballer who played for Radnik Surdulica in the Serbian SuperLiga.

He is a younger brother of Marko Vukasović.

## Club career

Born in Cetinje, Vukasović played in lower league Serbian clubs Crvena Zvezda Novi Sad, Novi Sad, ČSK Čelarevo, BSK Borča, Senta and Cement Beočin. During winter break of 2016–17 he joined Radnik Surdulica thus making a debut in the Serbian highest level.

## InfoBox

Mladen Vukasović
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Mladen Vukasović | | |
| Date of birth | (1992-07-22) 22 July 1992 | | |
| Place of birth | Cetinje, FR Yugoslavia | | |
| Height | 1.76 m (5 ft 9+12 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Forward | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2010–2011 | Crvena Zvezda Novi Sad | 47 | (5) |
| 2012–2013 | Novi Sad | 2 | (0) |
| 2012–2013 | ČSK Čelarevo (loan) | 23 | (9) |
| 2013 | BSK Borča | 1 | (0) |
| 2014 | Senta | 10 | (0) |
| 2014–2015 | Cement Beočin | 25 | (1) |
| 2015–2016 | ČSK Čelarevo | 36 | (10) |
| 2017 | Radnik Surdulica | 2 | (0) |
| 2017–2018 | OFK Odžaci | 11 | (0) |
| 2018 | Shabab Al-Aqaba |  |  |
| 2018 | Borac Sakule | 0 | (0) |
| 2019- | ČSK Čelarevo |  |  |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 15 February 2019 | | | |


title: Whosoever Shall Offend

abstract: Whosoever Shall Offend is a 1919 British silent crime film directed by Arrigo Bocchi and starring Kenelm Foss, Mary Odette and Mary Marsh Allen. The screenplay concerns a man murders his wife in Italy and then tries to marry a wealthy women.

text:
# Whosoever Shall Offend

***Whosoever Shall Offend*** is a 1919 British silent crime film directed by Arrigo Bocchi and starring Kenelm Foss, Mary Odette and Mary Marsh Allen. The screenplay concerns a man murders his wife in Italy and then tries to marry a wealthy women.

## Cast

## Bibliography

* Low, Rachael. *History of the British Film, 1918-1929*. George Allen & Unwin, 1971.

## InfoBox

| Whosoever Shall Offend | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Arrigo Bocchi |
| Written by | Francis Marion Crawford (novel)
Kenelm Foss |
| Starring | Kenelm Foss
Mary Odette
Hayford Hobbs |
| Production
company | Windsor Films |
| Distributed by | Walturdaw |
| Release date | * February 1919 (1919-02) |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Languages | Silent
English intertitles |


title: Moanda Airport

abstract: Moanda Airport is an airport serving Moanda, a town in the Haut-Ogooué Province in Gabon. The runway lies to the northeast of the town. The airport was relocated in December 2010, after two and a half years of construction work, due to the discovery of manganese deposits underneath the old runway. The new runway is 100 metres (330 ft) longer and 30 metres (98 ft) wide. The construction cost of 6 billion CFA francs was entirely financed by the Compagnie minière de l'Ogooué.

text:
# Moanda Airport

**Moanda Airport** (or **Moanda-Bangombé Airport** French: *Aéroport Moanda*) (IATA: **MFF**, ICAO: **FOOD**) is an airport serving Moanda, a town in the Haut-Ogooué Province in Gabon. The runway lies to the northeast of the town.

The airport was relocated in December 2010, after two and a half years of construction work, due to the discovery of manganese deposits underneath the old runway. The new runway is 100 metres (330 ft) longer (from 1,800 metres (5,900 ft) to 1,900 metres (6,200 ft)) and 30 metres (98 ft) wide. The construction cost of 6 billion CFA francs was entirely financed by the Compagnie minière de l'Ogooué (a local mining company).

## InfoBox

| Moanda Airport<br>*Aéroport de Moanda Bangombé* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Summary | |
| Airport type | Public |
| Location | Moanda, Gabon |
| Elevation AMSL | 1,893 ft / 577 m |
| Coordinates | 1°31′37.2″S 13°15′3.6″E / 1.527000°S 13.251000°E / -1.527000; 13.251000 |
| Map | |
| **MFF**Location within Gabon | |
| Runways | |
| Direction Length Surface  m ft  12/30 1,900 6,234 Asphalt concrete | |
| Source: GCM Google Maps SkyVector | |


title: Wielki Głęboczek

abstract: Wielki Głęboczek is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Brzozie, within Brodnica County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies 14 kilometres (9 mi) north-east of Brodnica and 71 km (44 mi) north-east of Toruń.

text:
# Wielki Głęboczek

**Wielki Głęboczek** (Polish pronunciation: \[ˈvjɛlkʲi ɡwɛmˈbɔtʂɛk\]) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Brzozie, within Brodnica County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies 14 kilometres (9 mi) north-east of Brodnica and 71 km (44 mi) north-east of Toruń.

## InfoBox

| Wielki Głęboczek | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Wielki Głęboczek | |
| Coordinates: 53°20′N 19°33′E / 53.333°N 19.550°E / 53.333; 19.550 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Kuyavian-Pomeranian |
| County | Brodnica |
| Gmina | Brzozie |


title: Wieluń District, Duchy of Wieluń

abstract: Wieluń District was a district within the Duchy of Wieluń. Its capital was Wieluń. It was formed around 1378 from Wieluń Land and existed until 1391 when duchy was conquered by Kingdom of Poland.

text:
# Wieluń District, Duchy of Wieluń

**Wieluń District** was a district within the Duchy of Wieluń. Its capital was Wieluń. It was formed around 1378 from Wieluń Land and existed until 1391 when duchy was conquered by Kingdom of Poland.

1. "Podziały administracyjne i urzędnicy (XIII-XVIII w.)". *historiawielunia.uni.lodz.pl*.

## InfoBox

| Wieluń District*Okręg wieluński* (Polish) | |
| --- | --- |
| District of Duchy of Wieluń | |
| Capital | Wieluń |
|  | |
| History |  |
|  | |
| Established | 7 October 1378 |
| Conquest of Duchy of Wieluń by Kingdom of Poland | 1391 |
|  | |
| Contained within |  |
| Country | Duchy of Wieluń |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


# Modimolle–Mookgophong Local Municipality elections

The Modimolle–Mookgophong Local Municipality municipal council consists of twenty-eight members elected by mixed-member proportional representation. Fourteen councillors are elected by first-past-the-post voting in nine wards, while the remaining fourteen are chosen from party lists so that the total number of party representatives is proportional to the number of votes received.

## Results

The following table shows the composition of the council after past elections.

| Event | ANC | DA | EFF | FF+ | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2016 election | 13 | 7 | 6 | 2 | **28** |
| 2021 election | 14 | 7 | 4 | 3 | **28** |
|

## August 2016 municipal election

In the election of 3 August 2016 the African National Congress (ANC) won a plurality of thirteen seats on the council but failed to win an overall majority. On 23 August 2016, the council subsequently elected Marlene van Staden, the mayoral candidate of the Democratic Alliance (DA), as the new mayor.

The following table shows the results of the 2016 election.

| Party | | Ward | | | List | | | Total
seats |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Votes | % | Seats | Votes | % | Seats ||
|  | African National Congress | 13,764 | 47.75 | 11 | 13,650 | 47.41 | 2 | 13 |
|  | Democratic Alliance | 6,763 | 23.46 | 3 | 7,130 | 24.76 | 4 | 7 |
|  | Economic Freedom Fighters | 5,625 | 19.51 | 0 | 5,578 | 19.37 | 6 | 6 |
|  | Freedom Front Plus | 1,684 | 5.84 | 0 | 1,705 | 5.92 | 2 | 2 |
|  | Mookgophong Party | 393 | 1.36 | 0 | 360 | 1.25 | 0 | 0 |
|  | Congress of the People | 142 | 0.49 | 0 | 339 | 1.18 | 0 | 0 |
|  | Independent candidates | 395 | 1.37 | 0 |  | | | 0 |
|  | Pan Africanist Congress of Azania | 60 | 0.21 | 0 | 30 | 0.10 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | | 28,826 | 100.00 | 14 | 28,792 | 100.00 | 14 | 28 |
|  | | | | | | | | |
| Valid votes | | 28,826 | 98.83 |  | 28,792 | 98.54 |  |  |
| Invalid/blank votes | | 341 | 1.17 |  | 428 | 1.46 |  |  |
| Total votes | | 29,167 | 100.00 |  | 29,220 | 100.00 |  |  |
| Registered voters/turnout | | 50,680 | 57.55 |  | 50,680 | 57.66 |  |  |

## November 2021 municipal election

The following table shows the results of the 2021 election.

| Party | | Ward | | | List | | | Total
seats |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Votes | % | Seats | Votes | % | Seats ||
|  | African National Congress | 12,386 | 49.94 | 12 | 12,363 | 49.72 | 2 | 14 |
|  | Democratic Alliance | 5,708 | 23.01 | 1 | 5,798 | 23.32 | 6 | 7 |
|  | Economic Freedom Fighters | 3,635 | 14.66 | 0 | 3,648 | 14.67 | 4 | 4 |
|  | Freedom Front Plus | 2,578 | 10.39 | 1 | 2,530 | 10.18 | 2 | 3 |
|  | African Christian Democratic Party | 173 | 0.70 | 0 | 163 | 0.66 | 0 | 0 |
|  | African Transformation Movement | 100 | 0.40 | 0 | 92 | 0.37 | 0 | 0 |
|  | African People's Convention | 87 | 0.35 | 0 | 61 | 0.25 | 0 | 0 |
|  | Africa Restoration Alliance | 79 | 0.32 | 0 | 61 | 0.25 | 0 | 0 |
|  | Kingdom Covenant Democratic Party | 11 | 0.04 | 0 | 83 | 0.33 | 0 | 0 |
|  | Azanian People's Organisation | 6 | 0.02 | 0 | 31 | 0.12 | 0 | 0 |
|  | Patriotic Alliance | 16 | 0.06 | 0 | 11 | 0.04 | 0 | 0 |
|  | Economic Emancipation Forum | 12 | 0.05 | 0 | 14 | 0.06 | 0 | 0 |
|  | African People's Movement | 11 | 0.04 | 0 | 9 | 0.04 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | | 24,802 | 100.00 | 14 | 24,864 | 100.00 | 14 | 28 |
|  | | | | | | | | |
| Valid votes | | 24,802 | 98.80 |  | 24,864 | 98.44 |  |  |
| Invalid/blank votes | | 300 | 1.20 |  | 394 | 1.56 |  |  |
| Total votes | | 25,102 | 100.00 |  | 25,258 | 100.00 |  |  |
| Registered voters/turnout | | 50,580 | 49.63 |  | 50,580 | 49.94 |  |  |

### By-elections from November 2021

The following by-elections were held to fill vacant ward seats in the period from the election in November 2021.

| Date | Ward | Party of the previous councillor | | Party of the newly elected councillor | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 3 August 2022 | 93608012 |  | Democratic Alliance |  | Democratic Alliance |
|


title: Mohamed Adam Ahmed

abstract: General Mohamed Adam Ahmed was the Chief Staff of Somali Armed Forces. He took charge on 24 September 2015 after a major reshuffle in Somali force leaders including police. He served until April 2017, where he was replaced when President Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed make a shakeup. He is one of the long serving Somali military generals. He studied at different military colleges including Military Academy, Command and General Staff College and U.S. Army War College Strategy Studies.

text:
# Mohamed Adam Ahmed

General **Mohamed Adam Ahmed** (born 1950) was the Chief Staff of Somali Armed Forces. He took charge on 24 September 2015 after a major reshuffle in Somali force leaders including police. He served until April 2017, where he was replaced when President Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed make a shakeup.

He is one of the long serving Somali military generals. He studied at different military colleges including Military Academy (Cairo, Egypt), Command and General Staff College (at the Frunze Military Academy, Moscow, Soviet Union) and U.S. Army War College Strategy Studies.

## InfoBox

| Mohamed Adam Ahmed | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| 3rd Chief of Defence Force (Somalia) | |
| **In office**
24 September 2015  5 April 2017 | |
| President | Hassan Sheikh Mohamud
Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed |
| Preceded by | Dahir Adan Elmi |
| Succeeded by | Ahmed Mohamed Jimale |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1950
Burao, Somaliland |
| Military service | |
| Branch/service | Somali Armed Forces |
| Rank | Major General |
|  | |