# List of Miami Hurricanes in the NFL draft

The University of Miami holds a number of NFL draft records, including most first-round selections in a single draft and most consecutive drafts with at least one first-round selection. As of 2024, at least one University of Miami player has been selected in 49 consecutive NFL drafts, dating back to 1975. Among all colleges and universities, as of 2022, the University of Miami holds the all-time record for the most defensive linemen (49) and is tied with USC for the most wide receivers (40) to go on to play in the NFL.

The following is a list of University of Miami Hurricanes football players selected in the NFL draft:

## Key

| B | Back | K | Kicker | NT | Nose tackle |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| C | Center | LB | Linebacker | FB | Fullback |
| DB | Defensive back | P | Punter | HB | Halfback |
| DE | Defensive end | QB | Quarterback | WR | Wide receiver |
| DT | Defensive tackle | RB | Running back | G | Guard |
| E | End | T | Offensive tackle | TE | Tight end |

|  | = Pro Bowler |
| --- | --- |
|  | = Hall of Famer |

## Players

### American Football League

| Year | Round | Pick | Overall | Team | Name | Position |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1960 | 1 |  |  | Denver Broncos | Robert Rosbaugh | HB |
| | 1 |  |  | Oakland Raiders | Fran Curci | QB |
| | 1 |  |  | Oakland Raiders | Jim Otto | C |
| 1961 | 8 | 3 | 59 | Buffalo Bills | Charles Linning | T |
| | 8 | 6 | 62 | Dallas Texans | John O'Day | C |
| | 24 | 4 | 188 | Oakland Raiders | Jack Novak | G |
| 1962 | 2 | 3 | 11 | Dallas Texans | Bill Miller | E |
| | 18 | 1 | 145 | Oakland Raiders | Jim Vollenweider | FB |
| | 34 | 6 | 270 | New England Patriots | Ray Lardani | G |
| 1963 | 9 | 7 | 71 | New England Patriots | Jim Simon | G |
| | 15 | 8 | 119 | New England Patriots | Bob Dentel | C |
| | 16 | 3 | 123 | New York Jets | Nick Ryder | FB |
| | 16 | 7 | 127 | Houston Oilers | Rex Benson | T |
| | 29 | 8 | 232 | Kansas City Chiefs | John Sisk Jr. | DB |
| 1964 | 2 | 8 | 15 | Oakland Raiders | Dan Conners | LB |
| | 8 | 1 | 137 | Denver Broncos | George Mira | QB |
| 1965 | 8 | 7 | 64 | New England Patriots | Fred Brown | DT |
| | RS4 | 4 | 28 | New York Jets | Bob Werl | DE |
| 1966 | 5 | 7 | 40 | San Diego Chargers | Russ Smith | RB |
| | 6 | 1 | 42 | Miami Dolphins | Ed Weisacosky | LB |
| | 7 | 9 | 59 | Oakland Raiders | Pete Banaszak | RB |
| | 19 | 3 | 166 | Denver Broncos | Tom Coughlin | DE |

### National Football League

| Year | Round | Pick | Overall | Team | Name | Position |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1937 | 6 | 10 | 50 | Chicago Bears | Bob Masterson | E |
| 1940 | 13 | 3 | 113 | Pittsburgh Steelers | John Noppenberg | B |
| | 22 | 2 | 197 | Chicago Bears | Walt Kichefski | E |
| 1941 | 17 | 3 | 153 | Pittsburgh Steelers | Terry Fox | B |
| 1942 | 8 | 8 | 68 | New York Giants | Tom Kearns | T |
| | 15 | 10 | 140 | Chicago Bears | Joe Krutulis | E |
| 1944 | 18 | 8 | 183 | Chicago Bears | Howdy Plasman | B |
| | 28 | 4 | 289 | Pittsburgh Steelers | Pat Petroski | G |
| 1945 | 3 | 2 | 18 | Chicago Cardinals | Walt Watt | B |
| 1946 | 23 | 2 | 212 | Boston Yanks | Bill Levitt | C |
| | 23 | 7 | 217 | Philadelphia Eagles | Ed Cameron | G |
| 1947 | 7 | 6 | 51 | Philadelphia Eagles | Tony Yovicsin | E |
| | 8 | 1 | 56 | Detroit Lions | Harvey James | C |
| | 9 | 7 | 72 | Green Bay Packers | Bob McDougal | B |
| 1949 | 11 | 1 | 102 | Detroit Lions | Ernie Settembre | T |
| 1951 | 4 | 10 | 49 | Chicago Bears | Tom Jelley | E |
| | 5 | 4 | 54 | San Francisco 49ers | Al Carapella | T |
| | 13 | 5 | 152 | Philadelphia Eagles | Pete Mastellone | C |
| | 18 | 11 | 218 | New York Giants | Frank Smith | B |
| | 29 | 2 | 314 | Green Bay Packers | Ralph Fieler | E |
| 1952 | 1 | 8 | 8 | Chicago Bears | Jim Dooley | B |
| | 30 | 3 | 352 | Chicago Cardinals | Will Stolk | B |
| 1953 | 15 | 3 | 172 | Chicago Cardinals | Nick Chickillo | G |
| | 24 | 5 | 282 | Pittsburgh Steelers | Bob Schneidenbach | B |
| 1954 | 21 | 6 | 247 | Pittsburgh Steelers | Dan Tassotti | T |
| 1955 | 4 | 2 | 39 | Detroit Lions | Gordon Malloy | B |
| | 7 | 2 | 75 | Baltimore Colts | Frank McDonald | E |
| | 11 | 1 | 122 | Chicago Cardinals | Tom Pepsin | E |
| 1956 | 1 | 8 | 8 | Green Bay Packers | Jack Losch | HB |
| | 9 | 10 | 107 | Washington Redskins | Francis "Whitey" Rouviere | B |
| | 10 | 9 | 118 | Pittsburgh Steelers | Bob Dolan | E |
| | 11 | 7 | 128 | Green Bay Packers | Mike Hudock | C |
| 1957 | 1 | 9 | 9 | Washington Redskins | Don Bosseler | FB |
| | 4 | 11 | 49 | Chicago Bears | Jack Johnson | B |
| | 9 | 5 | 102 | Pittsburgh Steelers | Charley Hutchings | T |
| | 19 | 4 | 221 | Pittsburgh Steelers | Phil Bennett | E |
| 1958 | 4 | 9 | 46 | San Francisco 49ers | John Varone | B |
| 1961 | 5 | 12 | 68 | Green Bay Packers | Jack Novak | G |
| | 6 | 3 | 73 | Washington Redskins | John O'Day | T |
| | 15 | 5 | 201 | Chicago Bears | Chuck Linning | T |
| | 15 | 12 | 208 | Green Bay Packers | Ray Lardani | T |
| 1962 | 3 | 2 | 30 | Minnesota Vikings | Bill Miller | E |
| | 8 | 2 | 106 | San Francisco 49ers | Jim Vollenweider | B |
| | 12 | 7 | 161 | Chicago Bears | Bill Watts | T |
| | 13 | 6 | 174 | St. Louis Cardinals | Bill Diamond | G |
| 1963 | 5 | 4 | 60 | Los Angeles Rams | Roland Benson | T |
| | 8 | 2 | 100 | Minnesota Vikings | Jim O'Mahoney | LB |
| | 10 | 13 | 139 | Detroit Lions | Nick Ryder | B |
| | 15 | 10 | 206 | Chicago Bears | Bob Dentel | C |
| | 15 | 12 | 209 | Detroit Lions | Jim Simon | E |
| | 17 | 10 | 234 | Chicago Bears | John Sisk | B |
| | 20 | 4 | 270 | Philadelphia Eagles | Ben Rizzo | B |
| 1964 | 2 | 1 | 15 | San Francisco 49ers | George Mira | QB |
| | 5 | 14 | 70 | Chicago Bears | Dan Conners | T |
| 1965 | 3 | 9 | 37 | Chicago Bears | Fred Brown | E |
| | 12 | 8 | 162 | Los Angeles Rams | Bob Werl | E |
| 1967 | 1 | 24 | 24 | Kansas City Chiefs | Gene Trosch | DT |
| | 6 | 7 | 140 | Pittsburgh Steelers | Mike Haggerty | T |
| | 10 | 4 | 241 | Miami Dolphins | Tom Beier | DB |
| | 16 | 25 | 241 | Green Bay Packers | Fred Cassidy | RB |
| 1968 | 2 | 7 | 34 | Buffalo Bills | Bob Tadarek | DT |
| | 2 | 27 | 54 | Miami Dolphins | Jim Cox | WR |
| | 7 | 1 | 166 | Cincinnati Bengals | Steve Smith | TE |
| | 8 | 6 | 198 | Minnesota Vikings | Hank Urbanowicz | TE |
| | 8 | 13 | 205 | St. Louis Cardinals | Jerry Daanen | WR |
| | 10 | 7 | 253 | Miami Dolphins | Joe Mirto | T |
| | 15 | 7 | 388 | Miami Dolphins | Ken Corbin | LB |
| | 15 | 20 | 401 | Kansas City Chiefs | Bill Chambless | G |
| | 15 | 27 | 408 | Cincinnati Bengals | Joe Mira | WR |
| 1969 | 2 | 7 | 33 | Baltimore Colts | Ted Hendricks | LB |
| 1970 | 4 | 24 | 102 | Oakland Raiders | Tony Cline | LB |
| | 8 | 6 | 188 | Cincinnati Bengals | Bill Trout | DT |
| | 10 | 22 | 256 | Los Angeles Rams | Vince Opalsky | RB |
| 1971 | 9 | 19 | 228 | Los Angeles Rams | Joe Schmidt | WR |
| | 16 | 22 | 412 | Oakland Raiders | Tony Stawarz | DB |
| 1972 | 15 | 14 | 378 | Philadelphia Eagles | Tom Sullivan | DB |
| | 17 | 5 | 421 | Houston Oilers | Kelly Cochrane | QB |
| 1973 | 1 | 12 | 12 | Minnesota Vikings | Chuck Foreman | RB |
| | 1 | 13 | 13 | New York Jets | Burgess Owens | S |
| | 2 | 9 | 35 | Baltimore Colts | Mike Barnes | DE |
| | 7 | 26 | 182 | Miami Dolphins | Tom Smith | RB |
| | 8 | 15 | 197 | Kansas City Chiefs | Al Palewicz | LB |
| 1975 | 1 | 11 | 11 | Los Angeles Rams | Dennis Harrah | OT |
| | 3 | 12 | 65 | Atlanta Falcons | Woody Thompson | RB |
| | 5 | 14 | 118 | New York Jets | Joe Wysock | G |
| | 5 | 17 | 121 | Denver Broncos | Rubin Carter | DT |
| | 7 | 11 | 167 | Philadelphia Eagles | Bill Capraun | T |
| | 15 | 4 | 368 | Chicago Bears | Steve Marcantonio | WR |
| | 16 | 5 | 395 | Chicago Bears | Witt Beckman | WR |
| 1976 | 5 | 21 | 145 | Detroit Lions | Steadman Scavella | LB |
| | 5 | 29 | 153 | Seattle Seahawks | Ernie Jones | DB |
| | 5 | 32 | 156 | Seattle Seahawks | Larry Bates | RB |
| | 6 | 3 | 159 | Pittsburgh Steelers | Gary Dunn | DT |
| | 16 | 20 | 451 | Baltimore Colts | Steve Ludwig | C |
| | 16 | 24 | 455 | Cincinnati Bengals | George Demopoulis | T |
| 1977 | 1 | 3 | 3 | Cincinnati Bengals | Eddie Edwards | DE |
| | 8 | 22 | 217 | Pittsburgh Steelers | Phil August | WR |
| | 10 | 14 | 266 | Chicago Bears | Dennis Breckner | DE |
| 1978 | 2 | 20 | 48 | Minnesota Vikings | John Turner | DB |
| | 8 | 2 | 196 | Tampa Bay Buccaneers | John McGriff | LB |
| | 9 | 2 | 224 | Kansas City Chiefs | Larry Brown | T |
| | 10 | 19 | 269 | New England Patriots | Bryan Ferguson | DB |
| | 11 | 22 | 301 | Seattle Seahawks | George Halas | LB |
| 1979 | 7 | 7 | 172 | New York Giants | Steve Alvers | TE |
| | 11 | 9 | 284 | New York Giants | Ken Johnson | RB |
| 1980 | 12 | 21 | 326 | Tampa Bay Buccaneers | Gene Coleman | DB |
| 1981 | 10 | 15 | 263 | St. Louis Cardinals | Jim Joiner | WR |
| | 11 | 14 | 290 | Denver Broncos | Pat Walker | DB |
| 1982 | 5 | 1 | 112 | New England Patriots | Fred Marion | S |
| | 5 | 9 | 120 | Miami Dolphins | Bob Nelson | DT |
| | 9 | 5 | 228 | Seattle Seahawks | David Jefferson | LB |
| | 10 | 17 | 268 | Kansas City Chiefs | Larry Brodsky | WR |
| | 11 | 2 | 281 | Washington Redskins | Dan Miller | K |
| | 12 | 4 | 310 | Cleveland Browns | Scott Nicolas | LB |
| | 12 | 25 | 331 | Miami Dolphins | Mike Rodrigue | WR |
| 1983 | 1 | 14 | 14 | Buffalo Bills | Jim Kelly | QB |
| | 2 | 3 | 31 | Denver Broncos | Mark Cooper | T |
| | 4 | 16 | 100 | Minnesota Vikings | Mark Rush | RB |
| | 5 | 19 | 131 | Tampa Bay Buccaneers | Tony Chickillo | DT |
| | 7 | 8 | 176 | Cleveland Browns | Rocky Belk | WR |
| | 8 | 18 | 214 | New England Patriots | Ronnie Lippett | DB |
| | 11 | 4 | 283 | Denver Broncos | Don Bailey | C |
| 1984 | 2 | 11 | 39 | New York Jets | Glenn Dennison | TE |
| | 2 | 25 | 53 | Miami Dolphins | Jay Brophy | LB |
| | 3 | 21 | 77 | Buffalo Bills | Rodney Bellinger | DB |
| | 3 | 26 | 82 | Buffalo Bills | Speedy Neal | RB |
| | 8 | 2 | 198 | Tampa Bay Buccaneers | Fred Robinson | DE |
| | 10 | 27 | 198 | Washington Redskins | Keith Griffin | RB |
| | 11 | 28 | 308 | Minnesota Vikings | Lawrence Thompson | WR |
| 1985 | 1 | 1 | 13 | Cincinnati Bengals | Eddie Brown | WR |
| | 4 | 4 | 88 | Indianapolis Colts | Willie Broughton | DE |
| | 7 | 15 | 183 | Kansas City Chiefs | Dave Heffernan | G |
| | 7 | 26 | 194 | Denver Broncos | Dallas Cameron | DT |
| | 8 | 10 | 206 | New Orleans Saints | Joe Kohlbrand | LB |
| 1986 | 4 | 18 | 102 | San Francisco 49ers | Kevin Fagan | DT |
| | 5 | 5 | 115 | New Orleans Saints | Reggie Sutton | DB |
| | 10 | 16 | 265 | Cleveland Browns | Willie Smith | TE |
| | 12 | 16 | 321 | Seattle Seahawks | John McVeigh | LB |
| 1987 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Tampa Bay Buccaneers | Vinny Testaverde | QB |
| | 1 | 3 | 3 | Houston Oilers | Alonzo Highsmith | RB |
| | 1 | 9 | 9 | Philadelphia Eagles | Jerome Brown | DT |
| | 2 | 4 | 32 | Cleveland Browns | Gregg Rakoczy | C |
| | 2 | 22 | 50 | Tampa Bay Buccaneers | Winston Moss | LB |
| | 5 | 28 | 140 | New York Giants | Paul O'Connor | G |
| | 11 | 18 | 297 | Seattle Seahawks | Darryl Oliver | RB |
| 1988 | 1 | 3 | 3 | Detroit Lions | Bennie Blades | S |
| | 1 | 11 | 11 | Dallas Cowboys | Michael Irvin | WR |
| | 2 | 6 | 33 | San Francisco 49ers | Danny Stubbs | OLB |
| | 2 | 22 | 49 | Seattle Seahawks | Brian Blades | WR |
| | 2 | 25 | 52 | New Orleans Saints | Brett Perriman | WR |
| | 3 | 3 | 64 | Philadelphia Eagles | Matt Patchan | T |
| | 5 | 15 | 124 | Minnesota Vikings | Darrell Fullington | S |
| | 6 | 18 | 155 | Pittsburgh Steelers | Warren Williams | RB |
| | 8 | 4 | 197 | Kansas City Chiefs | Alfredo Roberts | TE |
| | 10 | 20 | 269 | Seattle Seahawks | Derwin Jones | DE |
| | 12 | 26 | 331 | San Francisco 49ers | George Mira Jr. | LB |
| 1989 | 1 | 21 | 21 | Los Angeles Rams | Bill Hawkins | DE |
| | 1 | 26 | 26 | Los Angeles Rams | Cleveland Gary | RB |
| | 3 | 19 | 77 | Houston Oilers | Bubba McDowell | S |
| | 7 | 13 | 180 | Denver Broncos | Melvin Bratton | RB |
| | 10 | 1 | 252 | Dallas Cowboys | Rod Carter | LB |
| | 11 | 1 | 280 | Dallas Cowboys | Randy Shannon | LB |
| | 12 | 19 | 326 | New York Giants | Eric Smith | DE |
| 1990 | 1 | 3 | 3 | Seattle Seahawks | Cortez Kennedy | DT |
| | 3 | 11 | 64 | Dallas Cowboys | Jimmie Jones | DT |
| | 3 | 12 | 65 | Cincinnati Bengals | Bernard Clark | ILB |
| | 3 | 19 | 72 | Houston Oilers | Willis Peguese | DE |
| | 3 | 26 | 79 | New York Giants | Greg Mark | ILB |
| | 5 | 17 | 126 | Houston Oilers | Richard Newbill | LB |
| | 9 | 2 | 223 | New York Jets | Dale Dawkins | WR |
| | 10 | 8 | 256 | San Diego Chargers | Kenny Berry | DB |
| | 12 | 11 | 315 | Miami Dolphins | Bobby Harden | S |
| 1991 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Dallas Cowboys | Russell Maryland | DT |
| | 1 | 23 | 23 | Miami Dolphins | Randal Hill | WR |
| | 2 | 13 | 40 | Indianapolis Colts | Shane Curry | DE |
| | 2 | 15 | 42 | New Orleans Saints | Wesley Carroll | WR |
| | 4 | 24 | 107 | Los Angeles Rams | Robert Bailey | CB |
| | 5 | 24 | 131 | Philadelphia Eagles | Craig Erickson | QB |
| | 6 | 14 | 153 | Dallas Cowboys | Mike Sullivan | G |
| | 8 | 25 | 220 | Miami Dolphins | Roland Smith | DB |
| | 10 | 1 | 251 | New England Patriots | Randy Bethel | TE |
| | 10 | 28 | 278 | New York Giants | Luis Cristobal | G |
| | 12 | 19 | 325 | Houston Oilers | Alex Johnson | WR |
| 1992 | 1 | 11 | 11 | Pittsburgh Steelers | Leon Searcy | OT |
| | 4 | 2 | 86 | Tampa Bay Buccaneers | Craig Erickson | QB |
| | 10 | 11 | 263 | Seattle Seahawks | Anthony Hamlet | DE |
| | 12 | 4 | 312 | Los Angeles Rams | Kelvin Harris | C |
| | 12 | 7 | 315 | San Diego Chargers | Carlos Huerta | K |
| 1993 | 2 | 4 | 33 | Detroit Lions | Ryan McNeil | CB |
| | 2 | 17 | 46 | Dallas Cowboys | Kevin Williams | WR |
| | 2 | 18 | 47 | Houston Oilers | Micheal Barrow | LB |
| | 2 | 25 | 54 | Dallas Cowboys | Darrin Smith | LB |
| | 3 | 4 | 60 | Tampa Bay Buccaneers | Lamar Thomas | WR |
| | 4 | 20 | 104 | Tampa Bay Buccaneers | Horace Copeland | WR |
| | 5 | 17 | 157 | Indianapolis Colts | Carlos Etheredge | TE |
| | 7 | 24 | 192 | Minnesota Vikings | Gino Torretta | QB |
| | 8 | 11 | 207 | New York Giants | Jessie Armstead | LB |
| 1994 | 2 | 29 | 58 | Kansas City Chiefs | Donnell Bennett | FB |
| | 5 | 18 | 150 | San Diego Chargers | Darren Krein | DE |
| 1995 | 1 | 12 | 12 | Tampa Bay Buccaneers | Warren Sapp | DT |
| | 2 | 20 | 52 | Chicago Bears | Pat Riley | DT |
| | 3 | 14 | 78 | Philadelphia Eagles | Chris T. Jones | WR |
| | 4 | 5 | 103 | Washington Redskins | Larry Jones | RB |
| | 5 | 23 | 157 | Minnesota Vikings | James Stewart | RB |
| | 7 | 3 | 211 | Houston Oilers | C. J. Richardson | S |
| | 7 | 23 | 231 | Cleveland Browns | A. C. Tellison | WR |
| 1996 | 1 | 26 | 26 | Baltimore Ravens | Ray Lewis | LB |
| | 6 | 8 | 175 | St. Louis Rams | Derrick Harris | RB |
| 1997 | 1 | 15 | 15 | Miami Dolphins | Yatil Green | WR |
| | 1 | 17 | 17 | Washington Redskins | Kenard Lang | DE |
| | 1 | 18 | 18 | Tennessee Oilers | Kenny Holmes | DE |
| | 4 | 15 | 111 | Cincinnati Bengals | Tremain Mack | S |
| | 5 | 3 | 133 | Atlanta Falcons | Marcus Wimberly | S |
| | 5 | 18 | 148 | Washington Redskins | Twan Russell | LB |
| | 6 | 29 | 192 | New England Patriots | Tony Gaiter | WR |
| | 7 | 10 | 211 | Seattle Seahawks | Carlos Jones | CB |
| 1998 | 1 | 10 | 10 | Baltimore Ravens | Duane Starks | CB |
| | 3 | 13 | 74 | Atlanta Falcons | Jammi German | WR |
| 1999 | 1 | 4 | 4 | Indianapolis Colts | Edgerrin James | RB |
| | 5 | 2 | 135 | Cincinnati Bengals | Nick Luchey | FB |
| | 7 | 39 | 245 | Cincinnati Bengals | Scott Covington | QB |
| 2000 | 1 | 14 | 14 | Green Bay Packers | Bubba Franks | TE |
| | 2 | 25 | 56 | Minnesota Vikings | Michael Boireau | DE |
| | 3 | 28 | 90 | Tampa Bay Buccaneers | Nate Webster | LB |
| | 5 | 19 | 148 | Baltimore Ravens | Richard Mercier | TE |
| | 7 | 21 | 227 | Oakland Raiders | Mondriel Fulcher | TE |
| 2001 | 1 | 11 | 11 | Carolina Panthers | Dan Morgan | LB |
| | 1 | 12 | 12 | St. Louis Rams | Damione Lewis | DT |
| | 1 | 16 | 16 | New York Jets | Santana Moss | WR |
| | 1 | 30 | 30 | Indianapolis Colts | Reggie Wayne | WR |
| | 3 | 3 | 65 | Cleveland Browns | James Jackson | RB |
| | 6 | 37 | 200 | New England Patriots | Leonard Myers | CB |
| | 7 | 45 | 245 | Cleveland Browns | Andre King | WR |
| 2002 | 1 | 7 | 7 | Minnesota Vikings | Bryant McKinnie | OT |
| | 1 | 14 | 14 | New York Giants | Jeremy Shockey | TE |
| | 1 | 17 | 17 | Oakland Raiders | Phillip Buchanon | CB |
| | 1 | 24 | 24 | Baltimore Ravens | Ed Reed | S |
| | 1 | 27 | 27 | San Francisco 49ers | Mike Rumph | CB |
| | 2 | 19 | 51 | Denver Broncos | Clinton Portis | RB |
| | 4 | 18 | 116 | Atlanta Falcons | Martin Bibla | G |
| | 4 | 37 | 135 | Green Bay Packers | Najeh Davenport | RB |
| | 6 | 11 | 183 | Indianapolis Colts | James Lewis | S |
| | 7 | 15 | 226 | New York Giants | Daryl Jones | WR |
| | 7 | 16 | 227 | Cleveland Browns | Joaquin Gonzalez | T |
| 2003 | 1 | 3 | 3 | Houston Texans | Andre Johnson | WR |
| | 1 | 15 | 15 | Philadelphia Eagles | Jerome McDougle | DE |
| | 1 | 23 | 23 | Buffalo Bills | Willis McGahee | RB |
| | 1 | 25 | 25 | New York Giants | William Joseph | DT |
| | 3 | 25 | 89 | San Francisco 49ers | Andrew Williams | DE |
| | 4 | 34 | 131 | Philadelphia Eagles | Jamaal Green | DE |
| | 5 | 15 | 150 | New York Jets | Matt Walters | DE |
| | 7 | 27 | 241 | San Francisco 49ers | Ken Dorsey | QB |
| 2004 | 1 | 5 | 5 | Washington Redskins | Sean Taylor | S |
| | 1 | 6 | 6 | Cleveland Browns | Kellen Winslow II | TE |
| | 1 | 12 | 12 | New York Jets | Jonathan Vilma | LB |
| | 1 | 17 | 17 | Denver Broncos | D. J. Williams | LB |
| | 1 | 19 | 19 | Miami Dolphins | Vernon Carey | OT |
| | 1 | 21 | 21 | New England Patriots | Vince Wilfork | DT |
| | 7 | 12 | 213 | New York Jets | Darrell McClover | LB |
| | 7 | 14 | 215 | Chicago Bears | Alfonso Marshall | CB |
| | 7 | 53 | 254 | San Diego Chargers | Carlos Joseph | OT |
| 2005 | 1 | 8 | 8 | Arizona Cardinals | Antrel Rolle | CB |
| | 2 | 23 | 55 | Buffalo Bills | Roscoe Parrish | WR |
| | 3 | 1 | 65 | San Francisco 49ers | Frank Gore | RB |
| | 3 | 22 | 86 | Buffalo Bills | Kevin Everett | TE |
| | 6 | 26 | 200 | Denver Broncos | Chris Myers | G |
| 2006 | 1 | 31 | 31 | Seattle Seahawks | Kelly Jennings | CB |
| | 2 | 3 | 35 | Washington Redskins | Rocky McIntosh | LB |
| | 2 | 12 | 44 | New York Giants | Sinorice Moss | WR |
| | 2 | 25 | 57 | Chicago Bears | Devin Hester | CB |
| | 3 | 2 | 66 | Houston Texans | Eric Winston | OT |
| | 3 | 25 | 89 | Carolina Panthers | Rashad Butler | OT |
| | 4 | 13 | 110 | Cleveland Browns | Leon Williams | LB |
| | 4 | 36 | 133 | Pittsburgh Steelers | Orien Harris | DT |
| | 5 | 21 | 154 | Kansas City Chiefs | Marcus Maxey | CB |
| 2007 | 1 | 24 | 24 | New England Patriots | Brandon Meriweather | S |
| | 1 | 25 | 25 | Carolina Panthers | Jon Beason | LB |
| | 1 | 31 | 31 | Chicago Bears | Greg Olsen | TE |
| | 4 | 21 | 120 | Seattle Seahawks | Baraka Atkins | DE |
| | 4 | 28 | 127 | New England Patriots | Kareem Brown | DT |
| 2008 | 1 | 31 | 31 | New York Giants | Kenny Phillips | S |
| | 2 | 18 | 50 | Arizona Cardinals | Calais Campbell | DE |
| | 3 | 8 | 71 | Baltimore Ravens | Tavares Gooden | LB |
| 2009 | 6 | 3 | 176 | Atlanta Falcons | Spencer Adkins | LB |
| 2010 | 3 | 31 | 95 | New Orleans Saints | Jimmy Graham | TE |
| | 4 | 4 | 102 | Houston Texans | Darryl Sharpton | LB |
| | 4 | 30 | 128 | Detroit Lions | Jason Curtis Fox | OT |
| | 7 | 28 | 235 | San Diego Chargers | Dedrick Epps | TE |
| 2011 | 2 | 14 | 46 | Denver Broncos | Orlando Franklin | OT |
| | 2 | 28 | 60 | Houston Texans | Brandon Harris | CB |
| | 3 | 15 | 79 | Washington Redskins | Leonard Hankerson | WR |
| | 3 | 17 | 81 | Oakland Raiders | DeMarcus Van Dyke | CB |
| | 3 | 22 | 86 | Kansas City Chiefs | Allen Bailey | DE |
| | 4 | 12 | 109 | Tennessee Titans | Colin McCarthy | LB |
| | 6 | 16 | 181 | Oakland Raiders | Richard Gordon | TE |
| | 6 | 27 | 192 | Atlanta Falcons | Matt Bosher | P |
| 2012 | 3 | 9 | 72 | Miami Dolphins | Olivier Vernon | DE |
| | 3 | 23 | 86 | Pittsburgh Steelers | Sean Spence | LB |
| | 4 | 2 | 97 | Miami Dolphins | Lamar Miller | RB |
| | 4 | 5 | 100 | Cleveland Browns | Travis Benjamin | WR |
| | 6 | 28 | 198 | Baltimore Ravens | Tommy Streeter | WR |
| | 6 | 20 | 200 | Philadelphia Eagles | Brandon Washington | G |
| 2013 | 5 | 16 | 149 | St. Louis Rams | Brandon McGee | CB |
| | 6 | 21 | 189 | Tampa Bay Buccaneers | Mike James | RB |
| 2014 | 3 | 29 | 93 | Jacksonville Jaguars | Brandon Linder | G |
| | 6 | 14 | 191 | Chicago Bears | Pat O'Donnell | P |
| | 7 | 22 | 237 | Buffalo Bills | Seantrel Henderson | OT |
| 2015 | 1 | 9 | 9 | New York Giants | Ereck Flowers | OT |
| | 1 | 29 | 29 | Indianapolis Colts | Phillip Dorsett | WR |
| | 2 | 16 | 48 | San Diego Chargers | Denzel Perryman | LB |
| | 3 | 4 | 68 | Oakland Raiders | Clive Walford | TE |
| | 3 | 13 | 77 | Cleveland Browns | Duke Johnson | RB |
| | 4 | 29 | 128 | Oakland Raiders | Jon Feliciano | G |
| | 6 | 36 | 212 | Pittsburgh Steelers | Anthony Chickillo | DE |
| 2016 | 1 | 25 | 25 | Pittsburgh Steelers | Artie Burns | CB |
| | 4 | 26 | 124 | Chicago Bears | Deon Bush | S |
| 2017 | 1 | 29 | 29 | Cleveland Browns | David Njoku | TE |
| | 4 | 6 | 113 | Los Angeles Chargers | Rayshawn Jenkins | S |
| | 5 | 8 | 152 | Carolina Panthers | Corn Elder | CB |
| | 5 | 35 | 180 | Minnesota Vikings | Danny Isidora | G |
| | 6 | 12 | 196 | New Orleans Saints | Al-Quadin Muhammad | DE |
| | 6 | 31 | 215 | Detroit Lions | Brad Kaaya | QB |
| | 7 | 1 | 219 | Minnesota Vikings | Stacy Coley | WR |
| | 7 | 11 | 229 | San Francisco 49ers | Adrian Colbert | CB |
| | 7 | 22 | 240 | Jacksonville Jaguars | Marquez Williams | FB |
| 2018 | 3 | 3 | 67 | Cleveland Browns | Chad Thomas | DE |
| | 4 | 7 | 107 | New York Jets | Chris Herndon | TE |
| | 4 | 12 | 112 | Cincinnati Bengals | Mark Walton | RB |
| | 5 | 2 | 139 | New York Giants | R. J. McIntosh | DT |
| | 6 | 36 | 210 | New England Patriots | Braxton Berrios | WR |
| | 7 | 24 | 242 | Carolina Panthers | Kendrick Norton | DT |
| 2019 | 4 | 17 | 119 | Cleveland Browns | Sheldrick Redwine | S |
| | 5 | 20 | 158 | Dallas Cowboys | Mike Jackson Sr. | CB |
| | 5 | 27 | 165 | Dallas Cowboys | Joe Jackson | DE |
| | 6 | 8 | 181 | Buffalo Bills | Jaquan Johnson | CB |
| | 6 | 31 | 204 | Seattle Seahawks | Travis Homer | RB |
| 2020 | 4 | 34 | 140 | Jacksonville Jaguars | Shaquille Quarterman | LB |
| | 4 | 38 | 144 | Seattle Seahawks | DeeJay Dallas | RB |
| | 5 | 31 | 176 | Minnesota Vikings | K. J. Osborn | WR |
| | 7 | 31 | 242 | Green Bay Packers | Jonathan Garvin | DE |
| 2021 | 1 | 18 | 18 | Miami Dolphins | Jaelan Phillips | DE |
| | 1 | 30 | 30 | Buffalo Bills | Gregory Rousseau | DE |
| | 5 | 3 | 147 | Houston Texans | Brevin Jordan | TE |
| | 6 | 32 | 216 | Pittsburgh Steelers | Quincy Roche | LB |
| 2022 | 7 | 13 | 234 | Green Bay Packers | Jonathan Ford | DT |
| 2023 | 2 | 25 | 56 | Chicago Bears | Tyrique Stevenson | DB |
| | 5 | 27 | 162 | Indianapolis Colts | Will Mallory | TE |
| | 7 | 29 | 246 | Cincinnati Bengals | D. J. Ivey | DB |
| 2024 | 3 | 35 | 99 | Los Angeles Rams | Kamren Kinchens | DB |
| | 7 | 6 | 226 | Arizona Cardinals | Jaden Davis | DB |
| | 7 | 17 | 237 | Cincinnati Bengals | Matt Lee | C |
| | 7 | 32 | 242 | Tennessee Titans | James Williams | DB |


title: Matt Blake

abstract: Matthew Blake is an American professional baseball coach. He is the pitching coach for the New York Yankees of Major League Baseball (MLB).

text:
# Matt Blake

**Matthew Blake** (born May 14, 1985) is an American professional baseball coach. He is the pitching coach for the New York Yankees of Major League Baseball (MLB).

## Career

Blake attended Concord High School in Concord, New Hampshire. Blake was a three sport athlete. He excelled in golf, basketball, and baseball. Blake attended the College of the Holy Cross, and played college baseball all four years for the Crusaders. Blake graduated from Holy Cross with degrees in psychology and philosophy.

Blake started his baseball coaching career in 2009 as the pitching coach for Lincoln-Sudbury Regional High School in Sudbury, Massachusetts, and as a pitching coordinator for *Cressey Sports Performance* in Hudson, Massachusetts. Blake began his career in professional baseball in 2010 as an associate scout for the New York Yankees. He served as the pitching coach for the Yarmouth–Dennis Red Sox of the Cape Cod League during the 2015 season. He joined the Cleveland Indians organization in 2015 as a lower level pitching coordinator, and later was promoted to assistant director of pitching development in 2016.

The New York Yankees hired Blake as their pitching coach on November 7, 2019. After the 2022 season, Blake signed a new three-year contract with the Yankees.

| Sporting positions | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
|
| Preceded byLarry Rothschild | **New York Yankees Pitching Coach**
2020–present | Succeeded byIncumbent |

## InfoBox

| Matt Blake | |
| --- | --- |
| Blake at the Gerrit Cole press conference in 2019 | |
| New York Yankees – No. 77 | |
| **Pitching coach** | |
| **Born:**  (1985-05-14) May 14, 1985
Concord, New Hampshire | |
| **Bats:** Left**Throws:** Left | |
|  | |
| Teams | |
| **As coach** | |


title: Love on Display

abstract: "Love on Display" is a song by Australian singer Guy Sebastian, released on 25 September 2020 as the fifth single from his ninth studio album T.R.U.T.H.. Sebastian told Entertainment Focus "This song is all about expressing your love – don't hold it back, don't hide it, wear it out there for the world to see. It's a fun song that I hope make people happy." At the APRA Music Awards of 2022, the song was nominated for Most Performed Australian Work and Most Performed Pop Work.

text:
# Love on Display

"**Love on Display**" is a song by Australian singer Guy Sebastian, released on 25 September 2020 as the fifth single from his ninth studio album *T.R.U.T.H.*. Sebastian told Entertainment Focus "This song is all about expressing your love – don't hold it back, don't hide it, wear it out there for the world to see. It's a fun song that I hope make people happy."

At the APRA Music Awards of 2022, the song was nominated for Most Performed Australian Work and Most Performed Pop Work.

## Background

Upon release, Sebastian said "I knew that the song needed a certain feeling and it needed to get to a certain place where there was this energy, and I just could not get it to a point where it felt really, really right. We tried so many different versions of this song... and then I did what I always do when I'm in that situation, I flicked it onto M-Phazes \[who\] worked his magic and got some really great playing on there".

## Music video

The music video for "Love on Display" was released on 21 October 2020. It was directed by ARIA Award winning director, James Chappell.

## Charts

| Chart (2020) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Australia (ARIA) | 61 |

## Certifications

Certifications for "Love on Display"
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Australia (ARIA) | Platinum | 70,000 |
| Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## InfoBox

| "Love on Display" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Guy Sebastian | |
| from the album  *T.R.U.T.H.* | |
| Released | 25 September 2020 (2020-09-25) |
| Length | 3:03 |
| Label | Sony |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Producer(s) | M-Phazes |
| Guy Sebastian singles chronology | |
| "Standing with You"
(2020) "**Love on Display**"
(2020) "Only Thing Missing"
(2021) | |
|  | |
| Music video | |
| "Love on Display" on YouTube | |
|  | |


title: Teodoro Antillí

abstract: Teodoro Antillí (1883–1923) was an Argentine anarchist and journalist.

text:
# Teodoro Antillí

**Teodoro Antillí** (1883–1923) was an Argentine anarchist and journalist.

## Early life and career

Teodoro Antillí was born in San Pedro, Buenos Aires, on July 27, 1883. In his youth, he worked at the city's civil registry. As a teenager, he clerked for the local police and left the job at age 21 after becoming involved in anarchism. He moved to Buenos Aires and wrote for magazines such as *Fray Mocho* and *Mundo Argentino*, and wrote for the libertarian press. When writing for *Germinal* in 1906, he met Rodolfo González Pacheco, who became a lifelong friend. The pair edited *La Campana Nueva* the next year. Their anarchist daily *La Batalla* was short-lived, starting and ending in 1910 with the Argentina Centennial's suppression of anarchism, as the pair were arrested and imprisoned in Ushuaia.

Upon their release, Antillí and Pacheco founded the newspaper *Alberdi* and, in 1911, the short-lived journal *El Manifiesto*. While Pacheco was out of the country, Antillí joined the staff of *La Protesta* and spent three additional years in prison for an article defending Simón Radowitzky. He left *La Protesta* in 1916 and, with Pacheco back in the country, they unsuccessfully attempted to create *La Protesta Humana*. Instead they created *La Obra*, which was originally influenced by the 1917 Russian Revolution but eventually moved away from Bolshevism and refused an "anarcho-Bolshevik" offer to launch a journal together. *La Obra* was suppressed and shuttered during the January 1919 Tragic Week. Their next anarchist daily, *Tribuna Proletaria*, was overrun by the anarcho-Bolsheviks by its end in March 1919. Antillí and Pacheco founded *El Libertario* in 1920 and the anarchist weekly *La Antorcha* in 1921. The latter veered towards insurrectionary anarchism and Antillí was among its most prolific writers.

Suffering from illness, Antillí returned to his hometown in 1923 where he died on August 8. He was buried beneath an eucalyptus tree. His unpublished articles continued to be printed in *La Antorcha* after his death. In 1924, Pacheco published his articles from the weekly magazine into a posthumous book, *¡Salud a la Anarquía!*

## InfoBox

| Teodoro Antillí | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1883-07-27)July 27, 1883
San Pedro, Buenos Aires |
| Died | August 8, 1923(1923-08-08) (aged 40)
San Pedro, Buenos Aires |
| Occupation | Journalist |


title: Çakmakkaya mine

abstract: The Çakmakkaya mine is a large mine in the east of Turkey in Artvin Province 465 km east of the capital, Ankara. Çakmakkaya represents one of the largest copper reserve in Turkey having estimated reserves of 100 million tonnes of ore grading 0.8% iron. The 100 million tonnes of ore contains 800,000 tonnes of copper metal.

text:
# Çakmakkaya mine

The **Çakmakkaya mine** is a large mine in the east of Turkey in Artvin Province 465 km east of the capital, Ankara. Çakmakkaya represents one of the largest copper reserve in Turkey having estimated reserves of 100 million tonnes of ore grading 0.8% iron. The 100 million tonnes of ore contains 800,000 tonnes of copper metal.

## InfoBox

Çakmakkaya mine
| Location | |
| --- | --- |
| Çakmakkaya mine | |
| Location | Murgul |
| town | Artvin Province |
| Country | Turkey |
| Coordinates | 41°14′51.4″N 41°34′54.19″E / 41.247611°N 41.5817194°E / 41.247611; 41.5817194 |
| Production | |
| Products | Copper |
| History | |
| Opened | 1962 |
| Owner | |
| Company | Etibank |


title: Oucipo

abstract: Oucipo is part of the Ouxpo cultural movement that was in turn derived from the Oulipo literary movement, but with a specific focus on cinema. Literally, the Workshop of Possible Cinema, Oucipo was founded on October 7, 1974 by François Le Lionnais as Oucinépo, but later become more commonly known as Oucipo. Oucipo in itself was never very active. However, it gave birth to numerous film production groups working along similar thematic lines.

text:
# Oucipo

**Oucipo** is part of the Ouxpo cultural movement that was in turn derived from the Oulipo literary movement, but with a specific focus on cinema.

Literally, the Workshop of Possible (or Potential) Cinema (***Ou**vroir de **Ci**nématographie **Po**tentielle*), Oucipo was founded on October 7, 1974 by François Le Lionnais as Oucinépo, but later become more commonly known as Oucipo.

Oucipo in itself was never very active. However, it gave birth to numerous film production groups working along similar thematic lines.

"Oucipo (ouvroir de cinéma potentiel)," *PaperBlog Magazine*, October 24, 2008


title: Paul Rowe (swimmer)

abstract: Paul Colin Rowe is a New Zealand-born Australian former swimmer of the 1970s and 1980s. Born in New Zealand, Rowe won national titles in his native country for butterfly and freestyle. He represented New Zealand at the 1978 Commonwealth Games in Edmonton, coming fourth in the 100 metre butterfly. Rowe came to Australia in 1979 for training in the lead up to the 1980 Moscow Olympics, where he had been due to swim for the New Zealand delegation. New Zealand ended up boycotting the games and in 1981 he became a naturalised Australian. At the 1982 Commonwealth Games in Brisbane, he was a member of the Australian gold medal-winning 4 × 200 m freestyle relay team, as well as a silver medalist in the 200 metre butterfly. In 1986, Rowe retired from competitive swimming and made a switch to water polo. Rowe is a cousin of swimmer Mark Treffers and uncle of swimmer Ben Treffers.

text:
# Paul Rowe (swimmer)

**Paul Colin Rowe** is a New Zealand-born Australian former swimmer of the 1970s and 1980s.

Born in New Zealand, Rowe won national titles in his native country for butterfly and freestyle. He represented New Zealand at the 1978 Commonwealth Games in Edmonton, coming fourth in the 100 metre butterfly.

Rowe came to Australia in 1979 for training in the lead up to the 1980 Moscow Olympics, where he had been due to swim for the New Zealand delegation. New Zealand ended up boycotting the games and in 1981 he became a naturalised Australian. At the 1982 Commonwealth Games in Brisbane, he was a member of the Australian gold medal-winning 4 × 200 m freestyle relay team, as well as a silver medalist in the 200 metre butterfly.

In 1986, Rowe retired from competitive swimming and made a switch to water polo.

Rowe is a cousin of swimmer Mark Treffers and uncle of swimmer Ben Treffers.

## InfoBox

Paul Rowe
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Birth name | Paul Colin Rowe |
| Sport | |
| Country | New Zealand<br>Australia |
| Sport | Swimming |
| Event | Freestyle / Butterfly |
| Medal record      Commonwealth Games  Representing  Australia  1982 Brisbane 4 x 200 m freestyle  1982 Brisbane 200 m butterfly | |


title: Pestapokalypse VI

abstract: Pestapokalypse VI is the sixth studio album by Austrian blackened death metal band Belphegor. It was produced by Andy Classen at Stage One Studio and released in 2006.

text:
# Pestapokalypse VI

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| About.com |  |
| Allmusic |  |
| Blabbermouth |  |
| Chronicles of Chaos |  |
| Exclaim! | Mixed |

***Pestapokalypse VI*** is the sixth studio album by Austrian blackened death metal band Belphegor. It was produced by Andy Classen at Stage One Studio and released in 2006.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Lyrics | Music | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Belphegor - Hell's Ambassador" | Barth | Helmuth | 4:24 |
| 2. | "Seyn Todt in Schwartz" | Helmuth | Helmuth | 3:22 |
| 3. | "Angel of Retribution" | Helmuth | Helmuth | 5:31 |
| 4. | "Chants for the Devil 1533" | Helmuth, Barth | Helmuth | 4:42 |
| 5. | "Pest Teufel Apokalypse" | Helmuth, Barth | Helmuth | 5:03 |
| 6. | "The Ancient Enemy" | Sigurd | Helmuth | 3:23 |
| 7. | "Bluhtsturm Erotika" | Helmuth | Helmuth, Barth | 3:48 |
| 8. | "Sanctus Perversum" | Sigurd | Sigurd | 5:02 |
| 9. | "Das Pesthaus / Miasma Epilog" (instrumental) |  | Helmuth | 2:47 |
| Total length: | | | | 38:02 |

## Personnel

Belphegor * Helmuth Lehner \- vocals, guitars, bass guitar, arrangements
* Sigurd Hagenauer - guitars, arrangements
* Bartholomäus "Barth" Resch - bass guitar, arrangements
* Tomasz "Nefastus" Janiszewski - drums, arrangements

Additional musicians Production Note * Recorded and mixed at Stage One Studios, Kassel, Germany.

## InfoBox

| Pestapokalypse VI | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Belphegor | |
| Released | 27 October 2006 |
| Recorded | Stage One Studios, Kassel, Germany |
| Genre | Blackened death metal |
| Length | 38:02 |
| Label | Nuclear Blast |
| Producer | Andy Classen |
| Belphegor chronology | |
| *Goatreich-Fleshcult*
(2005) ***Pestapokalypse VI***
(2006) *Bondage Goat Zombie*
(2008) | |


title: USNS Catawba

abstract: USNS Catawba is a Powhatan-class tugboat operated by the Military Sealift Command for the United States Navy. It is currently based in Manama, Bahrain. It was launched in 1979 and is the last ship of its class still in service. In December 2020, the Navy announced its intention to retire Catawba during fiscal year 2023.

text:
# USNS Catawba

**USNS *Catawba*** is a *Powhatan*-class tugboat operated by the Military Sealift Command for the United States Navy. It is currently based in Manama, Bahrain. It was launched in 1979 and is the last ship of its class still in service. In December 2020, the Navy announced its intention to retire *Catawba* during fiscal year 2023.

## Construction and characteristics

The contract for the first four *Powhatan*-class tugs was awarded to Marinette Marine on 12 September 1975. *Catawba* was the third of these vessels to be launched. The contract price for the four ships was $30.5 million.

*Catawba's* keel was laid down on 14 December 1977 at Marinette's shipyard. She was launched on 22 September 1979, and christened by Mrs. James R. Derusha, wife of the president of Marinette Marine. The ship was delivered to the Navy on 28 May 1980.

*Catawba's* hull is built of welded steel plates. The ship is 225 feet 11 inches (68.86 m) long, with a beam of 42 feet (13 m), and a draft of 15 feet (4.6 m). She displaces 2,260 tons fully loaded.

*Catawba* has two controllable-pitch Kort-nozzle propellers for propulsion. She has two 20-cylinder Diesel engines, GM EMD 20-645F7B, which provide 4,500 shaft horsepower. These can drive the ship at 15 knots. She also has a 300-horsepower bow thruster to improve maneuverability.

Electrical power aboard the ship is provided by three 400 Kw generators. These are powered by four Detroit Diesel 8v-71 engines.

The ship is expected to have global range in order to support the U.S. fleet across oceans. Her tankage is consequently large. She can carry 206,714 U.S. gallons (782,500 L) of Diesel oil, 6,100 U.S. gallons (23,000 L) of lube oil, and 6,000 U.S. gallons (23,000 L) of drinking water.

Like all MSC ships, *Catawba* is crewed by civilian mariners. Her complement includes 16 civilian crew. There is also a 4-person military detachment of communications specialists aboard. The ship can accommodate an additional 16 people aboard for transient, mission-specific roles.

*Catawba's* aft deck is largely open and accommodates a number of different roles. One of the original missions of a fleet tug was to tow damaged warships back to port. The ship's aft deck is equipped with a SMATCO 66 DTS-200 towing winch for service as a towboat. She has a 10-ton capacity crane for moving loads on her aft deck. There are connections to bolt down shipping containers. The deck space has been used to receive supplies from helicopter vertical replenishment operations. Unmanned underwater vehicles have been launched and recovered from *Catawba's* deck.

All the ships of the *Powhatan*-class are named after Native American tribes. *Catawba's* namesake tribe was the Catawba people, a leading tribe of the Carolinas. She is the fifth U.S. Navy ship to bear this name.

## Ship history

In 1983, the ship participated in a joint exercise with the Korean military in "Team Spirit '83".

*Catawba* towed ex-*Grayback* from Subic Bay, Philippines where she was sunk in an exercise in August 1986.

In April 1993, *Catawba* moored in Mombasa, Kenya. She took aboard a containerized version of the Navy's Cable-controlled Underwater Vehicle (CURV), a deep diving salvage and recovery vehicle. *Catawba* and CURV formed the hub of a salvage effort to recover a Marine Corps CH-46E Sea Knight helicopter that crashed off the coast of Somalia. The effort was successful, and the helicopter reached the surface on 1 May 1993.

In 1994 the ship participated in the recovery of an F/A 18-C that crashed into Persian Gulf.

In August 2000, *Catawba* assisted Bahraini authorities in recovering wreckage and bodies from the crash of Gulf Air Flight 072.

In October 2000, the ship towed the bomb-damaged USS *Cole* away from Aden to the heavy-lift ship that would carry her back to the United States.

USNS *Catawba* was deployed to the Northern Persian Gulf during the second Gulf War (Feb-Mar 2003). Her divers provided critical assistance in recovering the bodies of aircrew from two 849 Naval Air Squadron Sea King ASaC.7 helicopters which had collided on 22 March 2003 off the Al-Faw Peninsula, while operating from HMS *Ark Royal*.

In May 2008, *Catawba* participated in the "Goalkeeper III" fleet exercise in the Persian Gulf.

In 2009, *Catawba* provided MV *Faina* with food, water, and medical supplies after that ship was released by Somali pirates.

She participated in the International Mine Countermeasures Exercise in the Persian Gulf in 2013.

*Catawba* served as a salvage base to recover an F/A-18 Super Hornet that crashed in the Persian Gulf in July 2015.

The ship participated in "Artemis Trident '19" a multi-national fleet exercise in the Persian Gulf in 2019.

## Awards and honors

*Catawba* and her crew have earned a number of honors and awards during her service. These include:

## InfoBox

USNS *Catawba*
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| United States | |
| Name | USNS *Catawba* (T-ATF-168) |
| Namesake | The Catawba tribe, a Native American people of the southeast United States |
| Owner | United States Navy |
| Operator | Military Sealift Command |
| Awarded | 12 September 1975 |
| Builder | Marinette Marine |
| Laid down | 14 December 1977 |
| Launched | 22 September 1979 |
| Acquired | 28 May 1980 |
| Identification |  |
| Status | in active service |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | *Powhatan*-class tugboat |
| Displacement | 2,260 tons full |
| Length | 226 ft (69 m) |
| Beam | 42 ft (13 m) |
| Draft | 15 ft (4.6 m) |
| Complement | 16 civilian, 4 navy |


# List of New York State Historic Markers in Albany County, New York

This is a complete list of New York State Historic Markers in Albany County, New York.

## Listings county-wide

|  | **Marker name** | **Image** | **Date designated** | **Location** | **City or Town** | **Marker text** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Albany City Hall |  |  | Eagle St. Between Maiden La. And Pine St. | Albany | City Chartered July 22, 1686 This Building Erected 1882 Tower Contains Municipal Carillon of 60 Bells |
| 2 | Birthplace of Modern Electricity |  | 1940 | Washington Ave., Near Eagle St. | Albany | Here Discovering Magnetic Induction, Joseph Henry Pioneered the Telegraph and Electric Motor, 1829–31 |
| 3 | Birthplace of American Union |  |  | Plaza, Broadway at Foot of State St. | Albany | Near This Site, Benjamin Franklin Presented the 1St Formal Plan of National Union; Congress of 1754 |
| 4 | Called Fort Nassau 1614, |  |  | Plaza, Broadway at Foot of State St. | Albany | Fort Orange 1624, Beverwyck 1652, Albany 1664; Chartered 1686 |
| 5 | Clermont |  |  | Plaza, Broadway at Foot of State St. | Albany | Near the Foot of Madison Avenue Robert Fulton in Aug. 1807, Completed the First Successful Steamboat Voyage |
| 6 | Colonial Hospital |  |  | Lodge And Pine Sts. | Albany | Near This Site Stood the Military Hospital Where the Wounded From Ticonderoga, 1758 and Saratoga, 1777 Were Attended. |
| 7 | Colonial Warpath |  |  | Plaza, Broadway at Foot of State St. | Albany | Rendezvous of Troops in Five Wars. Here Armies Under Abercrombie, Loudoun and Amherst Moved to the Conquest of Canada 1756-60 |
| 8 | Court of Appeals |  | 1940 | Eagle And Pine Sts. | Albany | Highest Tribunal in New York State This Building Erected 1842 |
| 9 | Court of Appeals |  |  | Eagle And Pine Sts. | Albany | Highest Tribunal in New York State This Building Erected 1842 |
| 10 | Executive Mansion |  | 1940 | Eagle And Elm Sts. | Albany | Residence of the Governors of New York State |
| 11 | First Church In Albany |  | 1947 | Sw Corner N. Pearl And Orange Sts. | Albany | Reformed Organized 1642 Present Building Designed By Philip Hooker Erected 1798 |
| 12 | Fort Frederick |  | 1940 | Capitol Park, Eagle And State Sts. | Albany | In The Middle of This Street To the East Stood Fort Frederick Goal of Burgoyne's Drive to Split the Colonies - 1777 |
| 13 | Fort Orange |  |  | Plaza, Broadway at Foot of State St. | Albany | Site of West India Company Colony 1624. Fort Was Located To The Southeast By the River |
| 14 | Fort Van Nassau |  |  | Port Rd., Nr. Administration Bldg. | Albany | Built 1614 By the Dutch Explorers Christiaensen and Block. First Trading Center Established in New York State |
| 15 | From The Ground |  |  | Port Rd., Nr. Administration Bldg. | Albany | Glenn Curtiss Began the First Long Distance Airplane Flight Albany to New York May 29, 1910 |
| 16 | General John Burgoyne |  |  | Plaza, Broadway at Foot of State St. | Albany | Over This Road Entered Albany With His Staff After the Battle of Saratoga Going to Schuyler Mansion As Prisoners of War - 1777 |
| 17 | General George Washington |  |  | Washington Ave. Nr. Swan St. | Albany | Traveled This Road On His Tours of the Mohawk Valley 1782 and 1783 |
| 18 | Henry Hudson |  |  | Plaza, Broadway at Foot of State St. | Albany | Explorer, Here Ended the Voyage of the Half Moon in Quest of the Indies September, 1609 |
| 19 | Herman Melville |  | 1953 | Clinton Sq., N. Pearl And Orange Sts. | Albany | Author of"Moby Dick", Studied and Worked During Formative Years in Albany, 1830–1838, Family Home at 3 Clinton Square, 1834–1838 |
| 20 | Iroquois Treaty |  |  | Plaza, Broadway at Foot of State St. | Albany | August 1684 Basic Peach By Gov. Dongan Gov. Howard of Va. and Five Nations at Court House Which Stood 100 Feet West |
| 21 | John Tunnicliff, Jr. |  |  | Maiden Lane Between Eagle St. And Lodge St. | Albany | 1751–1814 Clockmaker and Superintendent of Town Clocks |
| 22 | Near Here |  | 1940 | Western Ave., Nr. North Allen St. | Albany | Mohawk and Hudson First Railroad Chartered in This Country 1826, Began Its Run Albany to Schenectady |
| 23 | New York State |  | 1940 | S. Swan St. And Washington Ave. | Albany | Office Building Cornerstone Laid By Gov. Alfred E. Smith, 1928 |
| 24 | Patroon Street |  | 1940 | Clinton Ave. at N. Pearl St. | Albany | Former Name of Clinton Ave. This Was the Dividing Line Between the City of Albany and the Manor of Rensselaerwyck |
| 25 | Pioneer Route |  |  | Central Ave., Nr. Northern Blvd. | Albany | at This Point the Pioneers Going West in Ox Carts and Horse Drawn Caravans Assembled, This Street Formerly Called the Bowery |
| 26 | Schenectady Gate |  |  | Maiden La. Between Eagle And Lodge Sts. | Albany | Near This Point the Path to Schenectady Used By Indians and Fur Traders Led Through the Palisades Which Enclosed the City |
| 27 | State Education Building |  |  | Washington Ave. Between Hawk And Swan Sts. (missing) | Albany | Dedicated 1912. Education Department Offices; State Library; State Museum; Exhibits; Open to Public |
| 28 | The Capitol |  |  | Capitol Park, Eagle St. Nr. Washington Ave. | Albany | Of the State of New York Second Capitol Building Erected By the State Cornerstone Laid 1871 25 Years in Construction |
| 29 | Schuyler Mansion |  | 1940 | Eagle And State Sts. | Albany | \[Arrow\] ← 1½ Miles Schuyler Mansion Home of General Philip Schuyler. Residence of Alexander Hamilton in 1781 |
| 30 | Dietz Massacre |  |  | NYS 443, .5 Mi. W. of Berne | Berne | 5 Miles S - E Site of Dietz Massacre Where Johannes Dietz and His Family Were Killed By Tories and Indians September 1781 |
| 31 | Ax Factory |  |  | NYS 156, at Berne | Berne | Ax Factory Established By Daniel Simmons in 1825. Said to Be the First Factory in the United States to Make Axes From Cast Steel. |
| 32 | Beaver Dam |  |  | NYS 443, .5 Mi. W. of Berne | Berne | Beaver Dam Later Called Bernville Fortified During the Revolution. John Dietz'. Family Massacred By Indians |
| 33 | Cheese Factory |  |  | NYS 156, at Berne | Berne | Cheese Factory First in Town of Berne Built in 1878 and Made 495 Pounds in A Single Day |
| 34 | Corporation Inn |  |  | NYS 443, .5 Mi. W. of Berne | Berne | Corporation Inn Opened 1817 By Henry Engle |
| 35 | Dwelling |  |  | NYS 443, at W. Berne | Berne | Dwelling Built About 1800 By William Shultes |
| 36 | Early Settler |  |  | Nw Corner NYS 443 And NYS 156 at Berne | Berne | Early Settler Jacob Weidman, A Swiss, Located On Foxenkill On Site of Berne Village About 1750. Built First Sawmill and Gristmill |
| 37 | First Mill |  | 1932 | NYS 156, at Berne | Berne | First Mill Built 1750 By Jacob Weidman Stood Near Here |
| 38 | First Store |  |  | NYS 156, at Berne | Berne | First Store Stood On This Site Owned By John Fisher |
| 39 | Indian Stockade |  |  | NYS 443, 1/4 Mi. East of Berne | Berne | Indian Stockade Built On Site of Berne Village |
| 40 | Justice of Peace |  |  | NYS 443, at E. Berne | Berne | Justice of Peace Jacob Hochstrasser Was First Supervisor and Justice of Peace of Town of Berne |
| 41 | M. E. Church |  |  | Town Rd., at Reidsville | Berne | M. E. Church Organized at Reidsville 1830 By Reverend Rosman Kelly Church Replaced in 1841 |
| 42 | Mill Site |  |  | NYS 156, at Berne | Berne | Mill Site For Carding and Fulling Mill Built at An Early Date By Malachi Shipple William H. Ball and Lyman Dwight |
| 43 | Pioneer |  |  | NYS 156, .5 Mi. N. of Berne | Berne | Pioneer Col. Jesse Wood of Long Island Settled Here About 1800. Served in War of 1812. Died July 23, 1853 at Age of 83 Years |
| 44 | Reformed Dutch Church |  |  | NYS 443, .5 Mi. W. of Berne | Berne | Reformed Dutch Church Organized 1763, First Pastor Johannes Schuyler 1767. Oldest Church in County Outside of Albany |
| 45 | Reformed Dutch Church |  |  | NYS 443, at W. Berne | Berne | Reformed Dutch Church Organized 1763 By Rev. Johannes Schuyler of Schoharie Log Church 1765. Frame 1786 Which Was Taken Down 1830 |
| 46 | Schools |  |  | NYS 443, .5 Mi. W. of Berne | Berne | Schools in 1812 There Were 21 School Districts in Town of Berne and 30 the Next Year. in 1816 There Were 1710 Pupils in School |
| 47 | South Berne |  |  | Co. Rd., at S. Berne | Berne | South Berne Previous to 1828 Called Centerville Because It Was Equi-Distant From Three of the Other Villages. |
| 48 | Town of Berne |  |  | NYS 443 And NYS 85, at Mallory Corners | Berne | Town of Berne Formed March 17, 1795, From Rensselaerville. Town of Knox Taken off in 1822. Jacob Weidman, First Settler About 1750 |
| 49 | Weidman Home |  |  | NYS 443, at Berne | Berne | Weidman Home the Largest House in Berne With Ten Firplaces Built By Peter Weidman in 1800, Stood On This Site |
| 50 | West Berne |  |  | NYS 443, at W. Berne | Berne | West Berne Called Mechanicsville 1830-34 Because So Many Mechanics Lived There. |
| 51 | Willis' Store |  |  | NYS 157, .5 Mi. Ne of E. Berne | Berne | Willis' Store Established in 1800 By Major Stephen Willis Stood Here. He Also Had A Potash Factory, Tannery, Whiskey Still, and Shoe Factory. |
| 52 | Agricultural Fair |  |  | NYS 32, 100 Yds. W of US 9W | Bethlehem | Agricultural Fair First Annual Fair of Albany County Agricultural Society Held at Bethlehem Center Oct. 4-6, 1853 |
| 53 | Baker Farm |  |  | NYS 144, .5 Mi. N. of Selkirk | Bethlehem | Baker Farm Settled By Joab Baker of Connecticut in 1791 |
| 54 | Becker Homestead |  |  | NYS 396, N. of Rr Bridge | Bethlehem | Becker Homestead at Becker's Corners Settled By Albertus Becker Who Married Helen Van Derzee |
| 55 | Bethlehem Center |  |  | W Corner, US 9W And NYS 32 | Bethlehem | Bethlehem Center Known As Babcock Corners On the Albany and Bethlehem Turnpike |
| 56 | Delmar |  | 1932 | Delaware Avenue near Adams Street | Delmar | Delmar Earlier Adamsville and Adams Station Nathaniel Adams Located Here in 1836 and Built A Hotel in 1838. |
| 57 | Tannery |  |  | Willowbrook Ave., In S. Bethlehem | Bethlehem | Tannery Built About 1825 On Farm of Isaac and John Coffin. Operated For Many Years By Robert Carhart. Burned 1883 |
| 58 | Turnpike |  |  | NYS 443, W. of Albany City Line | Bethlehem | Turnpike Albany and Delaware Chartered March 2, 1805. 6000 Shares at $25. Extensively Travelled Albany to Otego. Abandoned 1868 |
| 59 | Van Wie's Dock |  |  | Town Rd., at Van Wie's Point | Bethlehem | Van Wie's Dock Site of Dock Owned By Peter G. and Henry Van Wie and Leased Feb. 23, 1835 to Hudson River Steamboat Co. For Albany Terminal |
| 60 | Van Wie's House |  |  | Town Rd., Nr. Wm. Gibson's Rd. at Van Wie's Point | Bethlehem | Van Wie's House Built By Hendrick Van Wie in 1732. the Home of Six Generations of This Dutch Colonial Family, Settlers at Fort Orange, in 1664 |
| 61 | Van Wie's Point |  |  | Town Rd., at Van Wie's Point | Bethlehem | Van Wie's Point Hendrick Gerritse Van Wie Dutch Colonist in Fort Orange 1664, Built House Here in 1679 |
| 62 | Winne Farm |  |  | Co. Rd., W. of Albany Filtration Plant | Bethlehem | Winne Farm Settled By Francis Winne |
| 63 | Coeymans |  |  | Church And Westerlo Sts., Coeymans | Coeymans | Coeymans Town Formed March 18, 1791 From Watervliet. A Part Went to Form Westerlo in 1815. Named from the Patentee Barent Pieterson Coeymans |
| 64 | Coeymans Gazette |  |  | NYS 144, at Coeymans | Coeymans | Coeymans Gazette Started 1863 By Thomas Mckee As Editor. Succeeded By Coeymans Herald |
| 65 | Camp Van Schaik |  |  | Se Corner Myrtle And Park | Cohoes | Camp Van Schaik Continental Army, Northern Department Under Command General Philip Schuyler General Horatio Gates Aug. 15 - Sept. 8, 1777 |
| 66 | Continental Ave. |  |  | Sw Corner Ontario And Continental | Cohoes | Continental Ave. Algonquin and Mohawk Indian Trail Colonial Military Route |
| 67 | Egberts And Bailey Mill |  |  | Ontario, W. of Remsen | Cohoes | Egberts and Bailey Mill First Building Erected For the Manufacture of Knit Goods By Power in America, 1836. First Power Knitting Machinery Applied in Cohoes, 1832 |
| 68 | First Bridge |  |  | Mohawk And Remsen Sts. | Coeymans | First Bridge Across Mohawk River Opened 1795. 900 Ft. Long 24 Ft. Wide, 15 Ft. Above Bed of River On 13 Stone Piers. Cost $12,000 Dollars |
| 69 | Home of James Buttermilk Lansing |  |  | W. Columbia St., Between Sunset And Elaine Cts. | Cohoes | Home of James Buttermilk Lansing Built By Douw Fonda Before 1767. One of the Founders of Boght Settlement, Choes, N.Y. |
| 70 | Indian Spring |  |  | Continental Ave., E. of School | Cohoes | Indian Spring Algonquin and Mohawk Indians Colonial Military Spring 1690 1782, First Source of Water Supply For the Settlers of Cohoes |
| 71 | Juncta |  |  | Nw Corner Spring And Saratoga Sts. | Cohoes | Juncta Junction of the Original Erie and Champlain Canals First Settlement and Name Cohoes. Site of the First Post office |
| 72 | Manor Avenue |  |  | N. Baker And Manor Ave. | Cohoes | Manor Avenue the Old Boght Road Northern Boundary Line of the Manor of Rensselaerwyck June 17, 1904 |
| 73 | Military Road From 1690 |  |  | Continental Ave., S. of School | Cohoes | Military Road From 1690 Through the Revolution. Used By General Ebenezer Learned On His Way to Relieve For Stanwix - Aug. 14, 1777 |
| 74 | Site of Reformed Church |  |  | Sw Corner Baker Ave., And Vliet Blvd. | Cohoes | Site of Reformed Church of the Boght One of the First Churches North of Albany, Built About 1783 |
| 75 | Mastodon |  |  | Mohawk And Vliet Sts. | Cohoes | Site of Cohoes Mastodon Found September 1866 Now in N. Y. State Museum |
| 76 | Van Schaik Burial Plot |  |  | Delaware Ave. Between Ontario And Van Schaick | Cohoes | Van Schaik Burial Plot First Settlers of Cohoes and Owners of Half Moon Patent Buried Here |
| 77 | Shakers |  |  | NYS 155, W. of Airport | Colonie | 1/4 Mile \[Arrow\] Shakers South Family Only Surviving Family of Watervliet Community First Building Erected 1800 and Still Standing |
| 78 | Boght Church |  |  | Boght Rd., E. of US 9 | Colonie | Boght Church Site of the Reformed Dutch Church of the Boght 1St Church North of Albany Organized By the Classis of Albany, Feb. 22, 1784 |
| 79 | Louden's Ford |  |  | Fonda Rd. at Power Station | Colonie | Louden's Ford British and Continental Army Ford Protected August–September 1777 By Generals Enoch Poor and Benedict Arnold |
| 80 | Old Loudon Road |  |  | Fonda Rd. at Power Station | Colonie | Old Loudon Road Named After Earl Loudon in 1756. Route of British and American Armies to Montreal |
| 81 | Shaker Cemetery |  |  | NYS 155, W. of Airport | Colonie | Shaker Cemetery First Burial 1797 and Earlier Burials Removed Here Later |
| 82 | Shakers |  |  | NYS 155, Nr. Albany Airport | Colonie | Shakers Ann Lee and Company Came to America 1774 and Founded Here in the Valley of the Wilderness the First Shaker Community 1776 |
| 83 | The Boght |  |  | US 9, at Boght Corners | Colonie | The Boght Settled 1718–1750 By Families From the Netherlands, Among Them Fonda, Lansing, Lieverse, Roff, Staats, Van Denbergh, Visscher, Etc. |
| 84 | Shakers |  |  | NYS 155, W. of Airport | Colonie | \[Arrow\] Shakers West Family at First Known As the Second Family Occupied By Shakers 1810–1915 |
| 85 | Shakers |  |  | Shaker Rd., Nr. Co. Jail | Colonie | \[Arrow\] 1/2 Mile Shakers North Family Occupied By Shakers -1919Principal Building Yet Standing Reconstructed |
| 86 | Site of First Reformed Dutch Church |  |  | NYS 146, W. of NYS 158 | Guilderland | 100 Ft. W. Site of First Reformed Dutch Church in Guilderland Before 1767. First Pastor Rev. Harmanus Van Huysen |
| 87 | Frederick Crounse |  |  | NYS 156, S. of Altamont | Guilderland | About 1750 Frederick Crounse Son of Polish Nobleman Settled Here Farm Owned By Crounse Family to Present 1934 |
| 88 | Abraham Wemple |  |  | US 20, W. of RR Bridge | Guilderland | Abraham Wemple Col. Schenectady Militia During American Revolution Owned Farm Here 1765 to Death in 1799. Buried On High Knoll Above Reservoir |
| 89 | Altamont |  |  | Main St NYS Rte 146 In Altamont | Guilderland | Altamont Incorporated As A Village 1890 officers: President Hiram Griggs. Trustees - Smith Philley, Jesse Crounse Henry A. Wilbur |
| 90 | Battle of Normanskill |  |  | NYS 146, 2 Mis. W. of Guilderland | Guilderland | Battle of Normanskill Fought North of the Creek Schenectady Militia With 40 Rhode Island Troops Dispersed Large Group of Tories On August 11, 1777 |
| 91 | Case Homestead |  |  | US 20, E. of Guilderland | Guilderland | Case Homestead Built As Tavern By Russell Case at the Opening of Great Western Turnpike, 1799 |
| 92 | Dr. F. Crounse |  |  | US 20, at Gun Club Rd. | Guilderland | Dr. F. Crounse Built This House 1833 First Physician at West Guilderland (Altamont) Practised Here Sixty Years |
| 93 | John Groot |  |  | NYS 397, N. of Altamont | Guilderland | Farm and Burial Place John Groot Officer 3D Regiment Albany County Militia War of Revolution |
| 94 | Frederick Crounse |  |  | NYS 156, 1 Mi. S. of Altamont | Guilderland | Farm of Frederick Crounse Officer 3D Albany Co. Militia in Revolution. Carried Food to Army Battle of Saratoga Buried Here |
| 95 | Farm of Evert Bancker |  |  | NYS 146, .5 Mi From US 20 | Guilderland | Farm of Evert Bancker Third Mayor of Albany, 1695 Indian Commissioner, 1669 Master Chancery, 1705 Died Here, 1734 |
| 96 | Farm of Walter Vorman |  |  | NYS 158, S. of US 20 | Guilderland | Farm of Walter Vorman Capt. Schenectady Militia During American Revolution Captured By Tory Force South of Oneida Lake; Held Prisoner in Canada 1780-82 |
| 97 | First Meeting |  |  | NYS 146, 1 Mi. W. of Guilderland Center | Guilderland | First Meeting of Town of Guilderland Held April 5, 1803 in This House, at the Time A Tavern Conducted By Hendrick Apple |
| 98 | Freeman House |  |  | NYS 146, at Guilderland Center | Guilderland | Freeman House Said to Have Been Erected 1734. Later the Home of Barent Mynderse, Lieut. in War of Rev. |
| 99 | French's Mills |  |  | NYS 146, at Guilderland Center | Guilderland | French's Mills Site of Early Sawmill; Clothes Works of Peter K. Broek 1795; Factory of Abel French 1800; Tavern of Jacob Aker 1800 |
| 100 | Glass Works, 1785–1815 |  |  | US 20, at Guilderland | Guilderland | Glass Works, 1785–1815 Made Bottle and Window Glass. Started Here By Leonard De Neufville. Later Called Albany Glass House, Then Hamilton Glass Works |
| 101 | George Wagner House |  |  | NYS 397 (Dunnsville RD) and Settles Hill Rd | Guilderland | Home of George Wagner Lieutenant in the American Revolution |
| 102 | Henry Rowe Schoolcraft |  |  | Rte 20 Near Willow St., In Hamlet of Guilderland | Guilderland | Home of Henry Rowe Schoolcraft B. 1793-D. 1864 Glass Maker, Explorer, Author, Poet, Authority On American Indians |
| 103 | House Built 1802 |  |  | NYS 146, at Guilderland Center | Guilderland | House Built 1802 By Nicholas V. Mynderse Sold to Michael Frederick Who Ran It As A Tavern For Many Years |
| 104 | Inn of George Severson |  |  | Altamont Blvd. And Helderberg Ave., In Altamont | Guilderland | Inn of George Severson Old Schoharie Road Built at Close of Revolution First Post office of West Guilderland As This Place Was Then Called |
| 105 | Inn of Jacob Crounse |  |  | NYS 146, E. of Altamont | Guilderland | Inn of Jacob Crounse Built 1833. Midway Tavern Where Horses Were Changed On Schoharie-Albany Stage Coach Route |
| 106 | Jacob Van Aernam (1723–1813) |  |  | NYS 156 Between Altamont And Vorheesville | Guilderland | Jacob Van Aernam (1723–1813) Capt. 3Rd Albany Regiment Leader of Patriot Forces in the Helderbergh Region During American Revolution Lived On Farm Here |
| 107 | Knower House |  |  | NYS 146, E. of Altamont | Guilderland | Knower House Est. As Hat Factory About 1800 By Benjamin Knower Gov. William L. Marcy Married Cornelia Knower in This House |
| 108 | Old Hellebergh |  |  | Main St. And Maple Ave., Altamont | Guilderland | Old Hellebergh Land of Bitter Conflict Between Patriot and Tory Known Later As West Guilderland, Knowersville, and Altamont |
| 109 | Old Plank Road |  |  | Main St. And Brandle Rd., Altamont | Guilderland | Old Plank Road Schoharie to Albany Followed This Route Chartered 1849 Abandoned 1867 |
| 110 | First Lutheran Church |  |  | NYS 146 and Weaver Rd, 2 Mis. E. of Altamont | Guilderland | On This Spot Stood the First Lutheran Church in Town of Guilderland 1787 Rev. Heinrich Moeller First Regular Pastor |
| 111 | Red Men's Hall |  |  | US 20, E. of Guilderland | Guilderland | Red Men's Hall Formerly Used As Baptist Church, 1850–66; Catholic Church; Temperance Hall |
| 112 | Severson House |  |  | NYS 146 at Altamont | Guilderland | Severson House Built By Early Settler Jurrian Severson Located On Map of West Manor Rensselaerwyck, 1767 |
| 113 | First Inn |  |  | US 20 near intersection of Dunnsville Rd | Guilderland | Site of First Inn and Store Kept in Dunnsville By John E. Winne 1800–1830 |
| 114 | Indian Village |  |  | N. of US 20 at Dunnsville | Guilderland | Site of Indian Village Neighboring Stream Called Wildehause Kill Or Indian House Creek |
| 115 | Hamilton Union Church |  |  | US 20, at Guilderland | Guilderland | Site of Hamilton Union Church Octagonal Building Used Also As A School House Built By Hamilton Mfg. Society About 1797 |
| 116 | Toll Gate |  |  | US 20, 2 Mis. E. of Guilderland | Guilderland | Site of Toll Gate Number Two On Western Turnpike. Road Planked in 1849. This Gate Maintained Until 1906 |
| 117 | Site of House |  |  | US 20 near intersection of Dunnsville Rd | Guilderland | Site of House of Dr. Jonathan Johnson First Physician in Dunnsville Who Came Here On Horseback in 1808 Surgeon in War of 1812 |
| 118 | The Vale of Tawasentha |  |  | NYS 146, 3/4 Mi. W. of Guilderland Near Normans Kill Bridge | Guilderland | The Vale of Tawasentha |
| 119 | Town of Guilderland |  |  | NYS 146, And NYS 158 at Osborn's Corners | Guilderland | Town of Guilderland Established April 4, 1803 From Part of Watervliet First officers, Supervisor, Nicholas V. Mynderse, Town Clerk, Peter G. Veeder |
| 120 | Albany County |  |  | NYS 443, W. of W. Berne at Albany Schoharie Co. Line | Knox | Albany County Derived Its Name From the Scotch Title of the Duke of York and Albany Afterwards King James Ii of England |
| 121 | Anti-Rent Riots |  |  | NYS 157 A, 3 Mis. N. of East Berne | Knox | Anti-Rent Riots More Leased Land in Berne Than Any Other Town in Albany County Led to Serious Outbreaks After 1840 |
| 122 | Knoxville Academy |  |  | NYS 156, at Knox | Knox | Knoxville Academy Incorporated 1837 Chartered Regents 1842–1869 Faced Military Training Ground 1776 |
| 123 | Sand Farm |  |  | NYS 156, 1 Mi. W. of Knox | Knox | Sand Farm Settled By Christian Zandt in 1787 |
| 124 | Whipple Farm |  |  | NYS 156, W. of Altamont | Knox | Whipple Farm Settled By Malachi Whipple of Conn. About 1793. in 1820 Farm Won Premium As Model Farm in Albany County |
| 125 | Clarksville |  |  | NYS 443, at Clarksville | New Scotland | Clarksville A Halfway Station Located On Albany and Delaware Turnpike Named From Adam A. Clark Who Settled Here in 1822 |
| 126 | Early Mission |  |  | NYS 85, at New Scotland | New Scotland | Early Mission Founded 1787 By Suffolk Presbytery Incorporated 1789 First Church 1791 Original Frame Standing |
| 127 | Helderbergs |  |  | NYS 157, at J.B. Thatcher Park | New Scotland | The Name Means Clear Mountains. They Have Been Called "The Key to the Geology of North America" |
| 128 | Methodism |  |  | NYS 156, W. of Vorheesville | New Scotland | Here Built Its First Church in This Entire Area Known As Bethlehem, North of Black Creek Church, 1823 |
| 129 | New Scotland |  |  | NYS 85, at New Scotland | New Scotland | Townformed April 25, 1832 From Bethlehem. Scotch Names Appear Among Early Settlers. First Town Meeting April 9, 1833 |
| 130 | Slingerland |  |  | NYS 32, 3 Mis. S. of Feura Bush | New Scotland | House 1762 Built By Tunis Cornelise Slingerland, Dutch Emigrant 1650, On Land Purchased From Indians |
| 131 | Tory Cave 1777 |  |  | N. of NYS 157, at Trail, In J.B. Thatcher Park | New Scotland | Jacob Salsbury, A Spy During Burgoyne Invasion, Found Refuge From Settlers in A Cave Against the Cliffs Nearby |
| 132 | Albany County |  |  | NYS 145, Nw of Preston Hollow at Albany | Rensselaerville | One of the Original Counties of the Province of New York Created By Law November 1, 1683. Mother of Many Counties |
| 133 | Albany County |  |  | NYS 145 S. of Cooksburg at Albany-Greene Co. Line | Rensselaerville | One of the Original Counties of the Province of New York Created By Law November 1, 1683. Mother of Many Counties |
| 134 | Albany County |  |  | NYS 145, Nw of Preston Hollow at Albany-Schoharie Co. Line | Rensselaerville | One of the Original Counties of the Province of New York Created By Law November 1, 1683. Mother of Many Counties |
| 135 | Manor of Rensselaerswyck |  |  | NYS 85, 1.5 Mis. Ne of Rensselaerville | Rensselaerville | Districts Manor of Rensselaerswyck Created A District in 1772 and Subdivided Into East and West Districts in 1779 |
| 136 | Dr. Samuel Preston |  |  | NYS 145, at Preston Hollow | Rensselaerville | Dr. Samuel Preston Settled Here in 1789 and Gave His Name to Preston Hollow. He Built the First Sawmill and Gristmill. |
| 137 | Indian Trail |  |  | NYS 81 at Cooksburg | Rensselaerville | Indian Trail Ran From Catskill to Schoharie Valley Along This Steam Through Preston Hollow and Livingstonville |
| 138 | Joseph Burchard Settled |  |  | NYS 145, 1.5 Mis. Nw of Preston Hollow | Rensselaerville | Pioneer Joseph Burchard Settled Here in 1789. President R.B. Hayes Was Related to This Family |
| 139 | Turnpike |  |  | NYS 81 And 145, at Cooksburg | Rensselaerville | Turnpike Schoharie to Athens Chartered in 1802 and Much Used in Early Days |
| 140 | Whipping Post |  |  | NYS 145, Nw of Preston Hollow | Rensselaerville | Whipping Post For Town Located On Farm of Lawrence Faulk Who Settled Here in 1790, and Died in 1838 |
| 141 | Academy |  |  | NYS 143, N. of Westerlo | Westerlo | Academy This House Was the Chesterville Academy Built About 1800 Gabriel Pinney Head Master |
| 142 | Albany County |  |  | NYS 32 at Albany-Greene Co. Line | Westerlo | Albany County One of the Original Counties of the Province of New York Created By Law November 1, 1683. Mother of Many Counties |
| 143 | Allen House |  |  | Co. Rd.,1 Mi. W. of Basic Creek Reservoir | Westerlo | Allen House Built 1795, Here and On This Road Lived Ebeneazer Allen and His Sons Justice, Howard and Stephen. All Soldiers in Revolution. |
| 144 | Anti-Rent War |  |  | NYS 85, at Snyder's Corners | Westerlo | Anti-Rent War Events in the Quarrel of Tenants With Lord of the Van Rensselaer Manor Occurred in This Region in 1840 and Later |
| 145 | Baptist Church |  |  | NYS 143, at Westerlo | Westerlo | Baptist Church Organized at Chesterville 1800. Roswell Beckwith Was the First Pastor |
| 146 | Beardsley House |  |  | Co. Rd., W. of Westerlo | Westerlo | Beardsley House Home of William Beardsley Here Was Held First Town Meeting of Westerlo April 4, 1815 |
| 147 | Dormansville |  |  | NYS 32 And NYS 143 at Dormansville | Westerlo | Named in Honor of Daniel Dorman, An Inn and Store Keeper, and First Post- Master in 1832 |
| 148 | Dr. Jonathan Prosser |  |  | NYS 32, 1.Mi.S.,Dormansville | Westerlo | Early Doctor Dr. Jonathan Prosser of Dutchess County Settled On This Farm in 1788 |
| 149 | Grant And Eadie |  |  | NYS 143, at Westerlo | Westerlo | Grant and Eadie Early Storekeepers Made Potash at Chesterville, 1798 |
| 150 | Indian Trail |  |  | Co. Rd., W. of Westerlo | Westerlo | Indian Trail Old Indian Trail Led Through This Valley to the Switzkill, Indian Camp Ground Near Here |
| 151 | Manor of Van Rensselaer |  |  | NYS 143, at Westerlo | Westerlo | Manor of Van Rensselaer 1630 Kiliaen Van Rensselaer Granted Patent For 1152 Square Miles Including All of Albany and Rensselaer Counties |
| 152 | Myers Farm |  |  | Co. Rd., S. of NYS 143, at Westerlo | Westerlo | Philip Myers of Germany in 1763 Built A Log House at Chesterville, Married A Daughter of Nicholas Stoddard and Died 1813 |
| 153 | Andrew Hannay |  |  | NYS 32 And NYS 143 at Dormansville | Westerlo | Near Here Andrew Hannay Raised A Company of Volunteers October 1777 to Oppose Invasion of Burgoyne, Who Surrendered Before Their Arrival |
| 154 | Quaker Church |  |  | Co. Rd., Nr. Smith's Corners | Westerlo | Quaker Church Site of A Quaker Church and School. Erected 1803 Cemetery in Rear |
| 155 | Reformed Church |  |  | NYS 143, E. of Westerlo | Westerlo | Reformed Church First Church in Town. Organized 1793. Original Site Five Miles South of Here |
| 156 | Snyder Cemetery |  |  | Co. Rd., 1.5 Mis. S. of Snyder's Corners | Westerlo | Snyder Cemetery Contains the Unmarked Graves of Several Soldiers of the Revolution |
| 157 | South Westerlo |  |  | Co. Rd., at S. Westerlo | Westerlo | South Westerlo Name Changed in 1827 From Smith's Mills Named After David Smith Who Also Owned A Tannery and Ashery |
| 158 | Temperance Society |  |  | NYS 143, at Westerlo | Westerlo | Temperance Society Organized in School House Near Chesterville in 1828 Deacon Holmes Presided |
| 159 | Van Leuvan's Corners |  |  | Co. Rd.,.5 Mis. S. of Snyder's Corners | Westerlo | Van Leuvan's Corners Named After Isaac Van Leuvan. Earlier Known As Sackett's Corners and Then Preston's Corners |
| 160 | Westerlo |  |  | NYS 143, at Westerlo | Westerlo | Westerlo Town Formed March 16, 1815 From Coeymans and Rensselaerville. Named For Rev. Eilardus Westerlo of Albany |


title: Virtual reality cue reactivity

abstract: Virtual Reality Cue Reactivity (VRCR) is a computer-enhanced methodology used to assess behavioral and physiological reactivity to drug and alcohol sensory cues. Studies indicate that cue reactivity—a response to the presentation of various visual, auditory, olfactory, and tactile cues—increases physiological excitement in addicts. VRCR utilizes virtual reality (VR) technology to stimulate cue reactivity in the most efficient and realistic environments possible; the intention being that coping skills can be taught in a contextual scenario that reflect a real world situation. While still in the early stages of development, studies have shown that VRCR is an effective means of generating a craving-inspiring environment that is tempting to a patient suffering from addiction.

text:
# Virtual reality cue reactivity

**Virtual Reality Cue Reactivity** (**VRCR**) is a computer-enhanced methodology used to assess behavioral and physiological reactivity to drug and alcohol sensory cues. Studies indicate that cue reactivity—a response to the presentation of various visual, auditory, olfactory, and tactile cues—increases physiological excitement in addicts. VRCR utilizes virtual reality (VR) technology to stimulate cue reactivity in the most efficient and realistic environments possible; the intention being that coping skills can be taught in a contextual scenario that reflect a real world situation. While still in the early stages of development, studies have shown that VRCR is an effective means of generating a craving-inspiring environment that is tempting to a patient suffering from addiction.

## Use in addiction

Studies have indicated that cue exposure in patients is closely related to increases in physiological responses. In addition, situational cues are also a leading cause in triggering relapse. People suffering from addiction have a tendency to attribute their addiction to specific scenarios or events. For example, a smoker might have a habit of only smoking on his porch. Consequently, whenever he is near or around his porch, he connects it to smoking, and a craving is initiated by the mere proximity. This is an example of the classical conditioning theory, which describes how a specific cue can trigger an entirely separate reaction.

One of the most effective ways to avoid patient relapse is to instruct them on coping skills—ideally in the most detrimental cue exposure settings possible. The idea being that if patients can learn to deny their cravings in a controlled environment, denial in a real world environment will be easier. Virtual reality helps to emulate a near lifelike situation, complete with sights, sounds, smells, and movement.

## How it works

In order to create a lifelike environment, actors are filmed on a green screen doing many various activities such as smoking cigarettes, dancing, drinking alcohol, doing drugs, and other provocative actions. The actors are then integrated into a three-dimensional background, giving the impression that they are in a real environment. Virtual reality (VR) technology allows a user to be immersed in a computer-simulated environment by engaging the senses of a human body. As of now, visual and auditory are the two most common senses appealed to when creating a VR environment—mainly because they use simpler technologies that are much cheaper to develop. However, advances in technology are allowing for a much more efficient way to appeal to the olfactory senses as well.

### Visual senses

Arguably the most important facet in making a virtual environment seem real is an appeal to sight. A virtual reality headset, incorporating a head-mounted display (HMD) is placed in front of the eyes of a patient like a pair of sunglasses, enabling for complete visual attention. A virtual environment is then displayed. A system of motion sensors tracks movement of the patient's head. If the patient tilts, or turns his head to view another part of the room, the environment adjusts accordingly. This allows for a more realistic experience by limiting restrictions of the head.

### Auditory senses

A headset is placed around the ears of a patient that allows for sound to be heard. Generally, full surround-sound is desirable as it gives the patient a sense of space. For example, if a virtual person standing in front of the patient was speaking, the voice would be clear and audible. However, if a virtual person was standing to the left or right of the patient, the sound would be much quieter and muffled. Surround sound aids in giving a lifelike feeling to the VR environment.

### Olfactory senses

Olfactory cues are presented by a computer-controlled device that releases scents in accordance with a patient's virtual environment. The device has multiple chambers with different scents in each, and uses an air compressor to blow specific scents into a patient's testing area. For example, if the patient were to approach a table with marijuana on it, he would also smell marijuana in real life. Other important scents used in VRCR include vanilla, pizza, coffee, whiskey, cigarette smoke, beer, and pine trees. The use of olfactory stimulation allows for a much more realistic virtual environment.

## Clinical use

VR technology has been slowly gaining acceptance in a clinical environment. It is used for treating specific phobias, pain management, eating disorders, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Studies have indicated that, "patients reported emotional and physiological arousal when immersed in VR, thus providing a tool for exposure in the treatment of psychological disorders". VR technology also allows for a standardized testing environment that could greatly increase patient recovery rates.

## Evolution

In the past, cue reactivity has been used in labs to instruct patients in beneficial coping skills that help them to avoid relapse. Virtual reality technology allows for a more effective approach to trigger physiological arousal than the standard cue reactivity methods used previously—primarily, presentation of paraphernalia or actor-based simulation.

### Cue reactivity

Presentation of paraphernalia works by presenting a patient with physical items relative to their respective addiction. For example, a person who drinks excessive amounts of alcohol might have a bottle of liquor placed in front of her, and a marijuana addict, a pipe. However, despite the fact that the objects are real, the environment in which they are presented is far from realistic. Learning how to turn down substances in a lab setting is much different than turning them down at an actual party—thus, the instructional process is limited.

### Actor-based simulation

Another means of establishing a realistic situation is through actor-based simulation. Actors are hired, and stages are built to simulate what an actual situation might be like. Patients are able to interact with the actors in a realistic manner. While extremely lifelike and effective, efficiency is a major disadvantage. The actors are subject to availability, and must be paid for their services. Furthermore, stages are limited to constructed scenes that are not easy to change. Though more effective than standard presentation cue response, actor-based simulation is still limited.

### Virtual reality technology

Virtual reality cue reactivity, though still in an early stage of development, is aimed at becoming a much more efficient version of an actor-based simulation. The goal is to produce a system that will virtually simulate a given scenario while still allowing a patient to interact with the surroundings. The advantages include increased flexibility—an operator has the ability to produce virtually any scenario needed—as well as cheaper running costs because actors are no longer needed. The procedure is also much more accessible as actor availability is irrelevant.


title: Luchando por el Metal

abstract:
Luchando por el Metal is the first studio album by Argentine heavy metal band V8, released in March 1983.
At the time the album was released, the genre was very popular, and this album became second in popularity, only behind Riff. The biggest hits of the albums were: "Destrucción", "Brigadas Metálicas" and "Hiena De Metal", the last song with Pappo's participation.

text:
# Luchando por el Metal

***Luchando por el Metal*** ("Fighting for the Metal") is the first studio album by Argentine heavy metal band V8, released in March 1983. At the time the album was released, the genre was very popular, and this album became second in popularity, only behind Riff.

The biggest hits of the albums were: "Destrucción", "Brigadas Metálicas" and "Hiena De Metal", the last song with Pappo's participation.

## Track listing

* All song written by Ricardo Iorio, Osvaldo Civile, Alberto Zamarbide and Gustavo Rowek.

1. "Destrucción" – 2:00
2. "Parcas sangrientas" – 2:56
3. "Si puedes vencer al temor" – 5:53
4. "Ángeles de las tinieblas" – 2:30
5. "Tiempos metálicos" – 2:26
6. "Muy cansado estoy" – 3:20
7. "Brigadas metálicas" – 3:01
8. "Torturador" – 2:30
9. "Hiena de metal" – 1:38

## Personnel

V8 Guests * Pappo – lead guitar and vocals on "Hiena De Metal"
* Marcelo Vitale – keyboards on "Si Puedes Vencer al Temor"

## InfoBox

| Luchando por el Metal | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by V8 | |
| Released | 1983 |
| Recorded | March–April 1983
Edipo Studios, Buenos Aires |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 27:08 |
| Label | Umbral, Radio Tripoli |
| Producer | Ramón Villanueva |
| V8 chronology | |
| ***Luchando por el Metal***
(1983) *Un Paso Mas En La Batalla*
(1985) | |


title: Terebra achates

abstract: Terebra achates is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Terebridae, the auger snails.

text:
# Terebra achates

***Terebra achates*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Terebridae, the auger snails.

## Description

## Distribution

## InfoBox

| *Terebra achates* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Family: | Terebridae |
| Genus: | *Terebra* |
| Species: | ***T. achates*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Terebra achates***<br>Weaver, 1960 | |
|


title: Zymoseptoria passerinii

abstract:
Zymoseptoria passerinii is a species of fungus belonging to the family Mycosphaerellaceae. Synonym:
  - Septoria passerinii Sacc.

text:
# Zymoseptoria passerinii

***Zymoseptoria passerinii*** is a species of fungus belonging to the family Mycosphaerellaceae.

Synonym:

* *Septoria passerinii* Sacc.

## InfoBox

| *Zymoseptoria passerinii* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Dothideomycetes |
| Order: | Capnodiales |
| Family: | Mycosphaerellaceae |
| Genus: | *Zymoseptoria* |
| Species: | ***Z. passerinii*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Zymoseptoria passerinii***<br>(Sacc.) Quaedvl. & Crous, 2011 | |
|


title: Ouchi gaeshi

abstract: Ouchi Gaeshi (大内返) is one of the techniques adopted later by the Kodokan into their Shinmeisho No Waza (newly accepted techniques) list. It is categorized as a foot technique, Ashi-waza. This technique is a reversal, or counter-throw meant to counteract Ouchi gari Judo throw. Ouchi Gaeshi (大内返) is one of the techniques adopted later by the Kodokan into their Shinmeisho No Waza list. It is categorized as a foot technique, Ashi-waza. This technique is a reversal, or counter-throw meant to counteract Ouchi gari Judo throw.

text:
# Ouchi gaeshi

**Ouchi Gaeshi** (大内返) is one of the techniques adopted later by the Kodokan into their Shinmeisho No Waza (newly accepted techniques) list. It is categorized as a foot technique, Ashi-waza. This technique is a reversal, or counter-throw meant to counteract Ouchi gari Judo throw.

## Technique Description

Animation from www.judoinfo.com

## Similar Techniques, Variants, and Aliases

## Included Systems

## Technique History

## InfoBox

| Ouchi gaeshi | |
| --- | --- |
| Classification | Nage-waza |
| Sub classification | Ashi-waza |
| Kodokan | Yes |
| Technique name | |
| Rōmaji | Ouchi gaeshi |
| Japanese | 大内返 |
| English | Big inner reap counter |


title: Paul Păltănea

abstract: Paul Păltănea was a Romanian historian. He was known as an outstanding researcher, author of scientific works, doctor in history, laureate of the Romanian Academy and member of the International Academy of Genealogy in Paris, the author of the monograph History of the city of Galați from its origins to 1918, a monumental work appreciated as one of the best monographs written in Romania.

text:
# Paul Păltănea

**Paul Păltănea** (born June 25, 1924, Bucharest – died January 25, 2008, Galați) was a Romanian historian. He was known as an outstanding researcher, author of scientific works, doctor in history, laureate of the Romanian Academy and member of the International Academy of Genealogy in Paris, the author of the monograph *History of the city of Galați from its origins to 1918*, a monumental work appreciated as one of the best monographs written in Romania.

## Biography

Born in Bucharest, on June 25, 1924, Paul Păltănea spent his childhood in Galați, where his family, lacking too many material possibilities, had moved. He attended primary school here (1931-1935) and then the *Vasile Alecsandri* High School (1935-1943), where he learned, among so many other values and knowledge, respect for the past and love for his adopted city. In 1943, in the tumult of the Second World War in which Romania was also involved, he was admitted to the history specialization, Faculty of Letters and Philosophy of the University of Bucharest. He thus had the opportunity to listen to the courses of the great Romanian historians such as Gheorghe Brătianu, Constantin C. Giurescu or Ion Nestor. The hot period, preceding the Second World War, in which he attended university, influenced him whose education was in the spirit of *"confidence in the Romanian nation, in its valences"*, causing him to take an active attitude, by participating in large-scale student demonstrations, such as the one in March 1944, in support of the efforts to regain Transylvania, in the anti-communist actions organized in the History Faculty by the National Peasants' Party, or in the tribute demonstrations of King Michael I in the Palace Square, on November 8, 1945, and May 10, 1946. These activities during the student period, together with the collaboration in the elaboration of some protest memos addressed to the Ministry of National Education, as well as a denunciation, in which he was catalogued as an Iron Guard sympathizer and a member of the Iuliu Maniu's National Peasants' Party, led to his inclusion in the false political membership of an Iron Guard member and consequently, at his first arrest, on May 17, 1948, being incarcerated in the Galați Penitentiary. He was released, after a 12-month extension of the "administrative sentence", on New Year's Eve 1953, after four years of ordeal. The friendships cultivated during the first period of detention became the reason for the second arrest, on April 17, 1959, followed on August 27, 1959, by the sentence to 18 years of hard labour and incarceration in the Galați Penitentiary. In September of the same year, he arrived at the prison in Aiud, where he remained for almost five years, until he was pardoned on July 27, 1964. Upon his release from Aiud, in 1964, he was assigned to the Galați History Museum. Spending about a decade in communist prisons (1948-1952 and 1958–1964) he met Valeriu Gafencu, Mircea Vulcănescu, Ernest Bernea, Radu Gyr, Petre Țuțea, Nichifor Crainic and many other important intellectuals, also victims of Stalinist policy.

Paul Păltănea was a man of culture in the true sense of the word. He was a teacher, worker, clerk, museographer, and for a while a librarian at the *V.A. Urechia* County Library in Galați. After his retirement, academician Păltănea crossed the threshold of the library almost daily, but also of the State Archives branch, where his passion for the history of Galați attracted him.

He was a veritable living encyclopedia, he knew the history of Galați families and not only that, but also the history of buildings, streets, monuments, and he was often the one who got a young researcher out of an impasse, to whom he addressed, as a sign of respect, the appellation "colleague".

He was one of the founding members of the *Sever Zotta* Romanian Institute of Genealogy and Heraldry in Iasi, established in 1999. In recent years, Paul Păltănea was the president of the Galați branch of the Association of Former Political Detainees from Romania. He was conferred the title of honorary citizen of Galați municipality. Through a government decision from December 2014, the name of the Galați History Museum was changed to the *Paul Păltănea* History Museum.

### Studies

* Boys' School no. 1, the current Secondary School no. 24 *Saints Archangels Michael and Gabriel* from Galați (1931-1935);
* *Vasile Alecsandri* High School in Galați (1935-1943);
* The Faculty of Letters and Philosophy of the University of Bucharest, History section, where he had as professors: Nicolae Bănescu (Byzantinology), Gheorghe I. Brătianu (Universal History), Constantin C. Giurescu (Romanian History), Ion Hudiță (ro) (History of Diplomacy), Ion Nestor (Prehistoric Archaeology), Victor Papacostea (History of the Balkan Peoples with special regard to Romanians from the South of the Danube), Theofil Sauciuc-Săveanu (ro) (Ancient History), Ion D. Ștefănescu (ro) (History of the Arts) (1943-1947);
* took the State Exam in the 1957 session.

### Scientific titles

* Doctor in history at the University of Bucharest, with the thesis "History of the city of Galați from the earliest times to 1918" (21 Dec 1973), his title being recognized much later (7 Jan 1992).

### Socio-professional activity

* during the student period he collaborated in the preparation of protest memos addressed to the Ministry of National Education and took care (together with Vladimir Diculescu) of the organization and activity of the *Students' Society for Historical Studies* at the Faculty of History in Bucharest (1945);
* he was one of the students who helped the historian and archaeologist Grigore Florescu (ro), a professor at the University of Bucharest, to continue the work of Vasile Pârvan on the archaeological research of the ruins of Capidava (1945);
* substitute history teacher at the Unique High School in Barcea commune, Galați county (Dec. 1947 - May 1948);
* he was arrested by the secret police in Galați and imprisoned, without receiving a legal conviction (May 17 - Sept. 13, 1948);
* he was administrative sentenced to two years in prison, executed in the prisons of Aiud (from Sept. 15, 1948) and Ocnele Mari (from Dec. 15, 1948);
* his sentence was extended, through a new administrative sentence of two years, executed in the forced labor camp at "Capul Midia" (*Canalul Poarta Albă-Midia Năvodari*(ro)), in the "punished" brigades (Dec. 12, 1950 - Dec. 30, 1952);
* after liberation, he was not accepted into education, being employed as an unqualified worker at the "Higiena" craft cooperative and then transferred to the "Reconstruction" cooperative from Galati (1953-1957);
* teacher at the General School in Văcăreni commune, Tulcea county (1957- Apr. 1959);
* arrested again, in April 1959, under the charge of "undermining the democratic regime", he was detained at the Galați Penitentiary and sentenced on August 29 to 18 years of hard labor and 8 years of civic degradation (Apr. 17 - Sept. 25 1959);
* imprisoned by the communist authorities in Aiud Prison, he was released 5 years later (Sept. 1959 - July 29, 1964);
* employed as a restorer (from Apr. 1965), then as a museographer (from Jan. 1966) at the County Museum of History in Galați (1965-1974);
* employed as the main librarian at the Library "V.A. Urechia" in Galați (Mar. 1974 - Apr. 1, 1990);
* he participated with scientific papers at symposia and national conferences;
* he organized book exhibitions, among which: "Galați in foreign literary works" (in collaboration with Sorina Codreanu, 1972); "European cities in the engraving of the 16th-19th centuries" (in collaboration with Veluța Făgurel, 1983); "The union of all Romanians" (in collaboration with Nedelcu Oprea, 1983);
* member of the editorial board of *Porto-Franco* magazine in Galați;
* he taught history at the Faculty of History in Cahul, Republic of Moldova.

### Affiliation

### Works

* *Mihail Voievod - domn al Țării Românești, al Ardealului și a toată țara Moldovei*, Galați, 1975
* *Viața lui Costache Negri*, Iași, 1985
* *Istoria orașului Galați de la origini până la 1918*, Porto-Franco Publishing House, Galați, 1994 - work awarded with the *A. D. Xenopol* prize of the Romanian Academy
* *Neamul logofătului Costache Conachi*, Albatros Publishing House, Bucharest, 2001
* *Peceți ștefăniene la Dunărea de Jos*, Galați, 2004

### Awards

* The "Costache Negri" Award from the *Pro-Bessarabia and Bucovina Association* for outstanding research into the life and work of Costache Negri (1992);
* The "A.D. Xenopol" Award of the Romanian Academy for the work "History of the city of Galați from its origins to 1918" (1994);
* The "Ion I. Nistor" Award, from the Cultural Foundation "Magazin Istoric" (1996);
* The award of the *Dunărea de Jos* magazine, for the contribution brought, in 2005, to the history of Galați county (2006);
* Order "St. Andrew the Apostle", awarded by P.S. Casian Crăciun, Archbishop of Lower Danube (2006);
* *Award of Excellence* for the activity carried out in 2006 as an "explorer of the Time Tunnel in search of lost villages", from the *Dunărea de Jos* magazine (2007).

### Publications articles

* *Acțiunea*,
* *Acta Musei Napocensis*,
* *Actualitatea pe Dunăre*,
* *Almanahul revistei „Dunărea de Jos”*,
* *Antares*,
* *Anuar: \[Episcopia Dunării de Jos\]*,
* *Anuar de lingvistică și istorie literară. Seria A*,
* *Anuarul Institutului de Istorie și Arheologie „A.D. Xenopol” Iași*,
* *Anuarul Institutului de Istorie Națională Cluj*,
* *Arheologia Moldovei*,
* *Ateneu*,
* *Biblioteca, Biserică, misiune, slujire*,
* *Buletin cultural*,
* *Buletinul Camerei de Comerț și Industrie Galați*,
* *Buletinul Fundației Urechia*,
* *Buletinul monumentelor istorice*,
* *Caietele Bălcescu*,
* *Carpica*,
* *Călăuză ortodoxă*,
* *Cercetări istorice*,
* *Cronica*,
* *Dacia literară*,
* *Danubius*,
* *Dominus*,
* *Dunărea*,
* *Dunărea de Jos*,
* *Evenimentul gălățean*,
* *Foi pentru minte și suflet*,
* *Galați Post*,
* *Îndrumătorul cultural*,
* *Limba română*,
* *Literatură și artă*,
* *Magazin istoric*,
* *Manuscriptum*,
* *Moldova suverană*,
* *Opinia*,
* *Pagini dunărene*,
* *Partener*,
* *PortoFranco*,
* *Revista bibliotecilor*,
* *Revista de istorie*,
* *Revista de istorie și teorie literară*,
* *Revista istorică*,
* *Revista muzeelor*,
* *România literară*,
* *Studia et acta Musei Nicolae Bălcescu*,
* *Studii și articole de istorie*,
* *Studii și cercetări de istoria artei. Seria Teatru, muzică, cinematografie*,
* *7 Zile*,
* *Școala gălățeană*,
* *Viața liberă*,
* *Viața nouă*.

### Critical reviews

"Paul Păltănea, son of his city - Galați, engaged in an action whose risks we fully know, succeeded in adding to the Danube port an edifice commensurate with its importance and contemporary development. He has built his construction on documentary information that is meant to be - and apparently even is - exhaustive, to which he has added a rigorous scientific method and a mature research experience in the discipline that he serves with exemplary probity and passion." — academician Gheorghe Platon "Paul Păltănea's work is a remarkable achievement. His style is clear and fluent; reading is done with pleasure." — academician Constantin C. Giurescu "The long effort, the research talent, the very rich information and the unquenchable passion of Paul Păltănea found their materialization in a monumental monograph on one of the most important cities and ports of the country." — Constantin N. Velichi

## Bibliography

* Păltănea, Paul (2008). *Istoria orașului Galați de la origini până la 1918* \[*The history of the city of Galați from its origins to 1918*\] (in Romanian). Galați: Editura Partener. ISBN 9789738871342. OCLC 952701385.

## InfoBox

| Paul Păltănea | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1924-06-25)June 25, 1924
Bucharest, Kingdom of Romania |
| Died | January 25, 2008(2008-01-25) (aged 83)
Galați, Romania |
| Nationality | Romanian |
| Occupation | historian |
| Notable work | "The history of the city of Galați from its origins to 1918" |
| Awards | *A. D. Xenopol* Award of the Romanian Academy |


title: Pestana Palace

abstract: Pestana Palace is a luxury hotel in Lisbon, Portugal, in the Alcântara district. Housed in the historic Palácio Vale Flor, Pestana Palace is the flagship luxury hotel of the Pestana Group, one of Portugal's premier hotel groups. It is a member of The Leading Hotels of the World. The hotel hosted the 2023 Bilderberg Conference between May 18–21.

text:
# Pestana Palace

**Pestana Palace** is a luxury hotel in Lisbon, Portugal, in the Alcântara district. Housed in the historic **Palácio Vale Flor**, Pestana Palace is the flagship luxury hotel of the Pestana Group, one of Portugal's premier hotel groups. It is a member of The Leading Hotels of the World.

The hotel hosted the 2023 Bilderberg Conference between May 18–21.

## History

Ground was broken on the *Palácio Vale Flor* at the end of the 19th century, when José Luís Constantino Dias, 1st Marquis of Vale Flor. The Marquis of Vale Flor had made a fortune in coffee plantations on Portuguese colonies of São Tomé and Príncipe, islands in the Gulf of Guinea in Africa, and had acquired lands in Alcântara, with the intention to build a Lisbon residence.

The palace was acquired in 1992 by the Pestana Group, with the intention of transforming the formerly private aristocratic residence into the group's flagship luxury hotel. The group's initial plan's were stalled until 1995, when they were approved by the Portuguese Direction-General for Cultural Heritage. The ensuing project, refurbishing the palace and expanding its annexes, was executed by architect Manuel Tainha and was completed in 1997.

It was classified as a National Monument in 1997.

## Architecture

The initial design of the palace was done by Italian architect Nicola Bigaglia, who led works on the project until 1908, when prominent Portuguese architect José Ferreira da Costa took over the project until its completion in 1910. Numerous details throughout the palace are attributed to famed architect Miguel Ventura Terra.

After the palace's construction, an extensive interior decoration campaign was executed between 1910 and 1915, under the auspices of designers Constantino Fernandes, Carlos Reis e Eugénio Cotrim.

## InfoBox

| The Pestana Palace Hotel Lisbon | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Former names | *Palácio Vale Flor* |
| Hotel chain | Pestana Group |
| General information | |
| Type | Luxury hotel |
| Address | Rua Jau 54 |
| Town or city | Lisbon |
| Country | Portugal |
| Groundbreaking | 1880 |
| Construction started | 1904 |
| Website | |
| www.pestanapalacelisbon.com | |