title: The Path of Daggers

abstract: The Path of Daggers is a fantasy novel by American author Robert Jordan, the eighth book of his series The Wheel of Time. It was published by Tor Books and released on October 20, 1998. Upon its release, it immediately rose to the #1 position on the New York Times hardcover fiction bestseller list, making it the first Wheel of Time book to reach the #1 position on that list. It remained on the list for the next two months. This book is the shortest book in the main The Wheel of Time series, consisting of a prologue and 31 chapters. The title of the book is a reference to a Seanchan saying: "On the heights, all paths are paved with daggers."

text:
# The Path of Daggers

***The Path of Daggers*** is a fantasy novel by American author Robert Jordan, the eighth book of his series *The Wheel of Time*. It was published by Tor Books and released on October 20, 1998. Upon its release, it immediately rose to the #1 position on the *New York Times* hardcover fiction bestseller list, making it the first *Wheel of Time* book to reach the #1 position on that list. It remained on the list for the next two months. This book is the shortest book in the main *The Wheel of Time* series, consisting of a prologue and 31 chapters.

The title of the book is a reference to a Seanchan saying: "On the heights, all paths are paved with daggers."

## Plot summary

Elayne Trakand, Nynaeve al'Meara, Aviendha, and their coalition of channelers use the *ter'angreal* called the 'Bowl of the Winds' to reverse the unnatural heat brought by the Dark One's manipulation of the climate, and then escape a Seanchan invasion by *Traveling* to Andor with most of the Kin who had not yet been captured by the Seanchan. In Andor, an Aes Sedai in their party is murdered, and the group realizes that one of its members is part of the Black Ajah. Upon reaching Caemlyn, Elayne initiates her claim to the throne.

Perrin Aybara moves into Ghealdan to stop Masema Dagar, the self-proclaimed Prophet of the Dragon; but unknowingly rescues the deposed Queen Morgase of Andor from the Prophet's men. He then secures the oath of fealty from Alliandre, Queen of Ghealdan, and accepts the dubious allegiance of Masema. At the end of the book, Faile Bashere is kidnapped by the Shaido Aiel. Egwene al'Vere, Amyrlin Seat of the rebel Aes Sedai, manipulates her unruly followers into giving her more control, and they Travel to Tar Valon, before their siege of its White Tower.

Rand al'Thor, accompanied by Bashere with fifty Asha'man and six thousand Tairens, Cairhienin and Illianers, attempts to repel the Seanchan invasion in Altara. They are successful in early skirmishes, driving the Seanchan from western Altara entirely. Bashere counsels retreat, but Rand decides to push on to Ebou Dar, clashing with a forty thousand strong Seanchan army fifty miles from the city. Both sides bleed each other white in the initial clash, after which both armies pull back to regroup. Rand attempts to destroy the Seanchan by wielding his *sa'angreal* 'Callandor', but loses control of it due to disturbances in saidin caused by the previous usage of the Bowl of the Winds. The result is a lightning storm that devastates his army as well as the Seanchan. Too bloodied to continue fighting, both armies retreat, making the battle a stalemate. Returning to Cairhien, Rand is attacked by traitorous Asha'man led by Corlan Dashiva, who fail to kill him. Mat Cauthon is absent from the book, due to injuries sustained at the end of the previous book, *A Crown of Swords*. Robert Jordan had earlier done the same for Perrin Aybara, who had been absent from Book 5, *The Fires of Heaven*.

## Release details

* 1998, U.S., Tor Books (ISBN 0-312-85769-1), Pub date October 20, 1998, hardcover (First edition)
* 1998, UK, Orbit (ISBN 1-85723-554-1), Pub date October 29, 1998, hardcover
* 1999, UK, Orbit (ISBN 1-85723-569-X), Pub date September 2, 1999, paperback
* 1999, U.S., Tor Books (ISBN 0-8125-5029-3), Pub date December ?, 1999, paperback
* 1999, U.S., Rebound by Sagebrush (ISBN 0-613-22158-3), Pub date December ?, 1999, hardcover (Library binding)

## InfoBox

The Path of Daggers
| Original cover of *The Path of Daggers*, showing Rand al'Thor leading his forces into battle | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Robert Jordan |
| Cover artist | Darrell K. Sweet |
| Language | English |
| Series | The Wheel of Time |
| Genre | Fantasy |
| Publisher | Tor Books (U.S.) &
Orbit (UK) |
| Publication date | October 20, 1998 |
| Publication place | United States |
| Media type | Print (Hardback & Paperback) |
| Pages | 687 (U.S. paperback edition) &
604 (U.S. hardback edition) &
608 pp (UK hardback edition) |
| ISBN | 0-312-85769-1 (U.S. hardback edition)
& ISBN 1-85723-554-1 (UK hardback edition) |
| OCLC | 39497812 |
| Dewey Decimal | 813/.54 21 |
| LC Class | PS3560.O7617 P38 1998 |
| Preceded by | *A Crown of Swords* |
| Followed by | *Winter's Heart* |


title: Ohio Light Opera

abstract: The Ohio Light Opera is a professional opera company based in Wooster, Ohio that performs the light opera repertory, including Gilbert and Sullivan, American, British and continental operettas, and other musical theatre works, especially of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The company is also known for its recordings of these works.

text:
# Ohio Light Opera

The **Ohio Light Opera** is a professional opera company based in Wooster, Ohio that performs the light opera repertory, including Gilbert and Sullivan, American, British and continental operettas, and other musical theatre works, especially of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The company is also known for its recordings of these works.

## Description

The Ohio Light Opera was founded as a cultural and educational endeavor at the College of Wooster in 1979 and has been owned and operated since its inception by the College of Wooster. It grew out of the Kent State Light Opera, which was founded by James Stuart, formerly of the American Savoyards. When the Kent group ended, it was soon transferred to Wooster, with Stuart continuing as its guiding force. The company performs the entire Gilbert and Sullivan repertoire, as well as rarely performed American, British, and continental operettas, Edwardian musical comedies and other musical theatre, mostly of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Educationally, the company offers young, talented vocalists and instrumentalists the opportunity to perform in a professional setting.

In 2008, the company's 30th season, Ohio Light Opera presented its 100th production. The company's performing season usually starts in mid-June and ends in mid-August. It generally performs seven or eight different works in repertory in the course of a nine-week season that attracts approximately 22,000 patrons annually. Performances take place in the Freedlander Theatre on the College of Wooster's campus in Wooster, Ohio.

Richard Morris of The Schubert Institute (UK) reported on the company's production of *Das Dreimäderlhaus* in 2002 as follows:

"This is not a local ‘operatic’ society churning out an annual production... but a serious attempt to preserve an authentic operetta tradition.... The new translation made it very easy to keep up with the complicated comings and goings of the plot. There was excellent singing throughout, especially from Hannerl (Julie Wright) and Schober (Brian Woods), and the scene with the Tschöll's (Ben Smith and Yvonne Douthat) one big number "That's how it goes" (i.e. "Geh, Alte, schau") worked especially well. Lucia Grisi (Robin Bricker), a part that is a caricature (the Italian ‘prima donna’), was exactly as she should have been. This act has a big finale, with Schubert, who has just lost Hannerl to Schober, breaking down whilst singing Ungeduld, which was magnificent, leaving a buzz in the audience. Overall, this was a very enjoyable performance, and well worth the hassle of a long journey to attend."

## Recordings

The company has produced numerous recordings, usually recorded live in performance. In addition to eight Gilbert and Sullivan recordings, it has recorded Victor Herbert's *Naughty Marietta*, *Eileen*, *Sweethearts* and *The Red Mill*; English-language versions of Emmerich Kálmán’s *Autumn Maneuvers*, *The Bayadere*, *The Violet of Montmartre*, *Countess Maritza* and *Der Zigeunerprimas*; John Philip Sousa's *El Capitan*; and Rudolf Friml's *The Vagabond King* and *The Firefly*, as well as lesser-known or rarely recorded works like *Veronique*, *The Arcadians*, De Koven's *Robin Hood*, Zeller's *The Birdseller*, *Das Dreimäderlhaus*, Romberg's *Maytime*, Breton's *La Verbena de la Paloma*, William Walton's *Facade*, English-language versions of Offenbach's *The Brigands* and *Bluebeard*, Jerome Kern's *The Cabaret Girl* and Strauss's *A Night in Venice*.

Some of these recordings are CD premieres. While some of the recordings are described by the company as "complete", in fact they incorporate significant cuts. Reviewers have commented on the unevenness of Ohio Light Opera's casts and sometimes noted the American accents used in English works, but some of the recordings have received favorable reviews. *Fanfare* magazine called these recordings, particularly those "of lesser-known works ... valuable additions to recorded libraries". The company issued a 5-hour, 4-CD set of company highlights from its first 25 years called *Gold and Silver: Celebrating 25 Years of The Ohio Light Opera*. The forty-page booklet enclosed with the set includes a company history and reminiscences of performers heard on the recordings.

The company has also released DVDs of their 2005 production of *A Soldier's Promise*, an English-language adaptation of *Der gute Kamerad* by Emmerich Kálmán, and their 2009 production of Herbert's *Mlle. Modiste*.


# Sri Lankan cricket team in Ireland in 2014

The Sri Lanka cricket team toured Ireland from 6 May to 8 May 2014 for a two-match One Day International (ODI) series.

## Squads

| ODI | |
| --- | --- |
| Sri Lanka | Ireland |
|  |  |

## ODI series

### 1st ODI

* Ireland won the toss and elected to field.

### 2nd ODI

* Rain meant match was abandoned without a ball being bowled

## InfoBox

| Sri Lankan cricket team in Ireland in 2014 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |
|  | Sri Lanka | Ireland |
| Dates | 6 – 8 May 2014 | | |
| Captains | Angelo Mathews | William Porterfield |
| One Day International series | | | |
| Results | Sri Lanka won the 2-match series 1–0 | | |
| Most runs | Nuwan Kulasekara (42) | William Porterfield (37) |
| Most wickets | Tim Murtagh (2) | Ajantha Mendis (3) |


title: USS Indianapolis (SSN-697)

abstract: The third USS Indianapolis (SSN-697), a Los Angeles-class submarine, was the third ship of the United States Navy to be named for Indianapolis, Indiana. The contract to build her was awarded to the Electric Boat Division of General Dynamics Corporation in Groton, Connecticut, on 24 January 1972 and her keel was laid down on 19 October 1974. She was launched on 30 July 1977 sponsored by Esther Debra Bray, wife of former Congressman William G. Bray, and commissioned on 5 January 1980. When Indianapolis was commissioned, many survivors of the cruiser Indianapolis were present for the official ceremony. The submarine's home port was shifted to Pearl Harbor, Hawaii in 1980, operating out of Pearl Harbor for the remainder of her active service. After the boat's final deployment from April to October 1997, she was awarded the Battle Efficiency E and a Navy Unit Commendation. Both were the first time the submarine had received such awards in her 18-year history. As a result of the ending of the Cold War and the so-called "Peace Dividend", the boat was inactivated in 1998, only 18 years into her 30-year life. The sail and other parts of Indianapolis were dedicated as a memorial at the Indiana Military Museum in Vincennes, Indiana, on June 8, 2019. Attendees at the commemoration ceremony included former crewmen and officers of the boat.

text:
# USS Indianapolis (SSN-697)

The third **USS *Indianapolis* (SSN-697)**, a *Los Angeles*-class submarine, was the third ship of the United States Navy to be named for Indianapolis, Indiana. The contract to build her was awarded to the Electric Boat Division of General Dynamics Corporation in Groton, Connecticut, on 24 January 1972 and her keel was laid down on 19 October 1974. She was launched on 30 July 1977 sponsored by Esther Debra Bray (née Taylor), wife of former Congressman William G. Bray, and commissioned on 5 January 1980.

When *Indianapolis* was commissioned, many survivors of the cruiser *Indianapolis* were present for the official ceremony. The submarine's home port was shifted to Pearl Harbor, Hawaii in 1980, operating out of Pearl Harbor for the remainder of her active service. After the boat's final deployment from April to October 1997, she was awarded the Battle Efficiency E and a Navy Unit Commendation. Both were the first time the submarine had received such awards in her 18-year history.

As a result of the ending of the Cold War and the so-called "Peace Dividend", the boat was inactivated in 1998, only 18 years into her 30-year life.

The sail and other parts of *Indianapolis (SSN 697)* were dedicated as a memorial at the Indiana Military Museum in Vincennes, Indiana, on June 8, 2019. Attendees at the commemoration ceremony included former crewmen and officers of the boat*.*

## InfoBox

| *Indianapolis* in harbour | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| United States | |
| Name | USS *Indianapolis* |
| Awarded | 24 January 1972 |
| Builder | General Dynamics Corporation |
| Laid down | 19 October 1974 |
| Launched | 30 July 1977 |
| Commissioned | 5 January 1980 |
| Decommissioned | 22 December 1998 |
| Stricken | 22 December 1998 |
| Fate | To be disposed of by submarine recycling. Sail resides at memorial at Indiana Military Museum. |
| Badge |  |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | *Los Angeles*-class submarine |
| Displacement | * 5,784 tons light * 6,154 tons full * 370 tons dead |
| Length | 110.3 m (361 ft 11 in) |
| Beam | 10 m (32 ft 10 in) |
| Draft | 9.7 m (31 ft 10 in) |
| Propulsion | S6G nuclear reactor with D1G Core 2 Reactor, 148 MW |
| Complement | 12 officers, 98 enlisted |
| Armament | 4 × 21 in (533 mm) torpedo tubes |


abstract: Ward No. 37, Kolkata Municipal Corporation is an administrative division of Kolkata Municipal Corporation in Borough No. 5, covering parts of Sealdah (Baithakkhana) and Rajabazar neighbourhoods in north-central Kolkata, in the Indian state of West Bengal.

text:
# Ward No. 37, Kolkata Municipal Corporation

**Ward No. 37, Kolkata Municipal Corporation** is an administrative division of Kolkata Municipal Corporation in Borough No. 5, covering parts of Sealdah (Baithakkhana) and Rajabazar neighbourhoods in north-central Kolkata, in the Indian state of West Bengal.

## History

Attempts were made to establish a municipal corporation at Kolkata from the middle of the 19th century. The electoral system was introduced for the first time in 1847, and 4 of the 7 board members were elected by the rate payers. In 1852 the board was replaced by a new one and in 1863 a new body was formed. As per old records, in 1872 there were 25 wards in Kolkata (spellings as in use at that time) – 1. Shyampukur, 2. Kumartuli, 3. Bartala, 4. Sukea Street, 5. Jorabagan, 6. Jorasanko, 7. Barabazar, 8. Kolutola, 9. Muchipara, 10. Boubazar, 11. Padmapukur, 12. Waterloo Street, 13. Fenwick Bazar, 14. Taltala, 15. Kalinga, 16. Park Street, 17. Victoria Terrace, 18. Hastings, 19. Entali, 20. Beniapukur, 21. Baliganj-Tollyganj, 22. Bhabanipur, 23. Alipur, 24.Ekbalpur and 25. Watganj. A new municipal corporation was created in 1876, wherein 48 commissioners were elected and 24 were appointed by the government. With the implementation of the Municipal Consolidation Act of 1888 the area under the jurisdiction of the municipal corporation was enlarged. Certain areas were already there but more parts of them were added (current spellings) - Entally, Manicktala, Beliaghata, Ultadanga, Chitpur, Cossipore, Beniapukur, Ballygunge, Watganj and Ekbalpur, and Garden Reach and Tollygunj. The Calcutta Municipal Act of 1923 brought about important changes. It liberalised the constitution along democratic lines.

The state government superseded the Corporation in 1948 and the Calcutta Municipal Act of 1951 came into force. Adult franchise was introduced in municipal elections in 1962. With the addition of certain areas in the southern parts of the city, the number of wards increased from 75 to 144.

## Geography

Ward No. 37 is bordered on the north by Keshab Sen Street; on the east by Acharya Prafulla Chandra Street; on the south by Surya Sen Street; and on the west by Raja Rammohan Roy Sarani.

The ward is served by Amherst Street police station of Kolkata Police.

Amherst Street Women police station covers all police districts under the jurisdiction of the North and North Suburban division of Kolkata Police, i.e. Amherst Street, Jorabagan, Shyampukur, Cossipore, Chitpur, Sinthi, Burtolla and Tala.

## Demographics

As per 2011 Census of India Ward No. 37, Kolkata Municipal Corporation, had a total population of 24,020, of which 14,057 (59%) were males and 9,963 (41%) were females. Population below 6 years was 1,627. The total number of literates in Ward No. 37 was 17,717 (79.12% of the population over 6 years).

Kolkata is the second most literate district in West Bengal. The literacy rate of Kolkata district has increased from 53.0% in 1951 to 86.3% in the 2011 census.

See also – List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate

| Literacy in KMC wards
 |
| --- |
| North Kolkata |
| Ward No. 1 – 86.12% |
| Ward No. 2 – 94.24% |
| Ward No. 3 – 86.74% |
| Ward No. 4 – 89.27% |
| Ward No. 5 – 90.32% |
| Ward No. 6 – 81.12% |
| Ward No. 7 – 87.65% |
| Ward No. 8 – 93.57% |
| Ward No. 9 – 91.60% |
| Ward No. 10 – 92.38% |
| Ward No. 11 – 87.96% |
| Ward No. 12 – 84.95% |
| Ward No. 13 – 83.39% |
| Ward No. 14 – 87.87% |
| Ward No. 15 – 88.89% |
| Ward No. 16 – 88.62% |
| Ward No. 17 – 92.30% |
| Ward No. 18 – 78.72% |
| Ward No. 19 – 89.29% |
| Ward No. 20 – 85.93% |
| Ward No. 21 – 78.12% |
| Ward No. 22 – 85.07% |
| Ward No. 23 – 71.14% |
| Ward No. 24 – 73.16% |
| Ward No. 25 – 85.49% |
| Ward No. 26 – 82.34% |
| Ward No. 27 – 88.19% |
| Ward No. 28 – 79.39% |
| Ward No. 29 – 70.69% |
| Ward No. 30 – 88.71% |
| Ward No. 31 – 88.28% |
| Ward No. 32 – 75.73% |
| Ward No. 33 – 91.17% |
| Central Kolkata |
| Ward No. 34 – 92.79% |
| Ward No. 35 – 91.44% |
| Ward No. 36 – 66.34% |
| Ward No. 37 – 79.12% |
| Ward No. 38 – 85.77% |
| Ward No. 39 – 73.27% |
| Ward No. 40 – 88.14% |
| Ward No. 41 – 83.53% |
| Ward No. 42 – 75.02% |
| Ward No. 43 – 79.52% |
| Ward No. 44 – 79.09% |
| Ward No. 45 – 74.69% |
| Ward No. 46 – 85.38% |
| Ward No. 47 – 87.87% |
| Ward No. 48 – 82.04% |
| Ward No. 49 – 65.51% |
| Ward No. 50 – 88.70% |
| Ward No. 51 – 93.01% |
| Ward No. 52 – 86.18% |
| Ward No. 53 – 89.49% |
| Ward No. 54 – 82.10% |
| Ward No. 55 – 84.84% |
| Ward No. 56 – 85.53% |
| Ward No. 57 – 80.20% |
| Ward No. 58 – 74.35% |
| Ward No. 59 – 80.39% |
| Ward No. 60 – 74.04% |
| Ward No. 61 – 80.54% |
| Ward No. 62 – 86.04% |
| Ward No. 63 – 84.39% |
| Ward No. 64 – 85.21% |
| Ward No. 65 – 81.60% |
| South Kolkata |
| Ward No. 66 – 80.95% |
| Ward No. 67 – 89.52% |
| Ward No. 68 – 90.86% |
| Ward No. 69 – 86.07% |
| Ward No. 70 – 94.20% |
| Ward No. 71 – 92.01% |
| Ward No. 72 – 90.06% |
| Ward No. 73 – 89.28% |
| Ward No. 74 – 84.56% |
| Ward No. 75 – 80.27% |
| Ward No. 76 – 88.40% |
| Ward No. 77 – 83.84% |
| Ward No. 78 – 83.00% |
| Ward No. 79 – 81.96% |
| Ward No. 80 – 71.89% |
| Ward No. 81 – 85.14% |
| Ward No. 82 – 84.82% |
| Ward No. 83 – 85.63% |
| Ward No. 84 – 85.71% |
| Ward No. 85 – 88.19% |
| Ward No. 86 – 89.61% |
| Ward No. 87 – 90.26% |
| Ward No. 88 – 85.09% |
| Ward No. 89 – 92.40% |
| Ward No. 90 – 84.60% |
| Ward No. 91 – 90.57% |
| Ward No. 92 – 93.53% |
| Ward No. 93 – 91.30% |
| Ward No. 94 – 89.11% |
| Ward No. 95 – 95.61% |
| Ward No. 96 – 96.57% |
| Ward No. 97 – 94.60% |
| Ward No. 98 – 96.24% |
| Ward No. 99 – 95.79% |
| Ward No. 100 – 95.98% |
| Ward No. 101 – 95.36% |
| Ward No. 102 – 93.53% |
| Ward No. 103 – 94.77% |
| Ward No. 104 – 96.03% |
| Ward No. 105 – 93.86% |
| Ward No. 106 – 92.97% |
| Ward No. 107 – 90.06% |
| Ward No. 108 – 80.74% |
| Ward No. 109 – 85.49% |
| Ward No. 110 – 91.35% |
| Ward No. 111 – 93.36% |
| Ward No. 112 – 92.50% |
| Ward No. 113 – 92.18% |
| Ward No. 114 – 91.13% |
| Ward No. 115 – 95.53% |
| Ward No. 116 – 86.91% |
| Ward No. 117 – 86.53% |
| Ward No. 118 – 90.04% |
| Ward No. 119 – 94.04% |
| Ward No. 120 – 92.15% |
| Ward No. 121 – 91.86% |
| Ward No. 122 – 92.88% |
| Ward No. 123 – 93.42% |
| Ward No. 124 – 92.55% |
| Ward No. 125 – 92.50% |
| Ward No. 126 – 93.78% |
| Ward No. 127 – 91.82% |
| Ward No. 128 – 92.67% |
| Ward No. 129 – 92.56% |
| Ward No. 130 – 95.55% |
| Ward No. 131 – 93.48% |
| Ward No. 132 – 90.30% |
| Ward No. 133 – 83.48% |
| Ward No. 134 – 73.75% |
| Ward No. 135 – 75.75% |
| Ward No. 136 – 85.01% |
| Ward No. 137 – 79.16% |
| Ward No. 138 – 78.67% |
| Ward No. 139 – 77.56% |
| Ward No. 140 – 79.93% |
| Ward No. 141 – 75.15% |
| Note: The regional distribution
is a broad one and
there is some overlapping |
| Source:
2011 Census: Ward-Wise
Primary Census Abstract Data |

Census data about mother tongue and religion is not available at the ward level. For district level information see Kolkata district.

According to the District Census Handbook Kolkata 2011, 141 wards of Kolkata Municipal Corporation formed Kolkata district. (3 wards were added later).

## Election highlights

It forms a city municipal corporation council electoral constituency and is a part of Jorasanko (Vidhan Sabha constituency).

| Election
year | Constituency | Name of councillor | Party affililiation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2005 | Ward No. 37 | Amita Mukhopadhyay | Communist Party of India |  |
| 2010 |  | Swapna Das | All India Trinamool Congress |  |
| 2015 |  | Seema Choudhury | All India Trinamool Congress |  |

## InfoBox

| Ward No. 37 | |
| --- | --- |
| Kolkata Municipal Corporation | |
| Interactive Map Outlining Ward No. 37 | |
| Ward No. 37Location in Kolkata | |
| Coordinates (dms): 22°34′29″N 88°22′11″E / 22.574861°N 88.369861°E / 22.574861; 88.369861 | |
| Country | India |
| State | West Bengal |
| City | Kolkata |
| Neighbourhoods | Sealdah (Baithakkhana), Rajabazar |
| Reservation | Women(Open) |
| Parliamentary constituency | Kolkata Uttar |
| Assembly constituency | Jorasanko |
| Borough | 5 |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 24,020 |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 700 009 |
| Area code | +91 33 |


title: 1921 Swiss referendums

text:
# 1921 Swiss referendums

Four referendums were held in Switzerland during 1921. The first two were held on 30 January on holding referendums on treaties that would be valid for at least 15 years and on abolishing the military judiciary. The treaty proposal was approved, whilst the abolishment of the military judiciary was rejected. The third and fourth were held on 22 May on add articles 37bis and 37ter on road traffic and aviation to the constitution, and on only adding article 37ter on aviation. Both were approved.

## Background

The referendums on treaties and the military judiciary were both popular initiatives, whilst the two on amending the constitution were both mandatory referendums. Both types required a double majority; a majority of the popular vote and majority of the cantons. The decision of each canton was based on the vote in that canton. Full cantons counted as one vote, whilst half cantons counted as half.

## Results

### Referendums on treaties

| Choice | Popular vote | | Cantons | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Votes | % | Full | Half | Total |
| For | 398,548 | 71.4 | 17 | 6 | 20 |
| Against | 160,004 | 28.6 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Blank votes | 48,783 |  |  |  |  |
| Invalid votes | 3,076 |  |  |  |  |
| **Total** | **610,411** | **100** | **19** | **6** | **22** |
| Registered voters/turnout | 967,289 | 63.1 |  |  |  |
| Source: Nohlen & Stöver | | | | | |

### Abolishment of the military judiciary

| Choice | Popular vote | | Cantons | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Votes | % | Full | Half | Total |
| For | 198,696 | 33.6 | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| Against | 393,151 | 66.4 | 16 | 6 | 19 |
| Blank votes | 15,837 |  |  |  |  |
| Invalid votes | 2,727 |  |  |  |  |
| **Total** | **610,411** | **100** | **19** | **6** | **22** |
| Registered voters/turnout | 967,289 | 63.1 |  |  |  |
| Source: Nohlen & Stöver | | | | | |

### Addition of articles 37bis and 37ter to the constitution

| Choice | Popular vote | | Cantons | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Votes | % | Full | Half | Total |
| For | 206,297 | 59.8 | 14 | 3 | 15.5 |
| Against | 138,876 | 40.2 | 5 | 3 | 6.5 |
| Blank votes | 27,957 |  |  |  |  |
| Invalid votes | 791 |  |  |  |  |
| **Total** | **373,921** | **100** | **19** | **6** | **22** |
| Registered voters/turnout | 969,522 | 38.6 |  |  |  |
| Source: Nohlen & Stöver | | | | | |

### Addition of article 37ter to the constitution

| Choice | Popular vote | | Cantons | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Votes | % | Full | Half | Total |
| For | 210,447 | 62.2 | 18 | 5 | 20.5 |
| Against | 127,943 | 37.8 | 1 | 1 | 1.5 |
| Blank votes | 32,859 |  |  |  |  |
| Invalid votes | 8938 |  |  |  |  |
| **Total** | **373,187** | **100** | **19** | **6** | **22** |
| Registered voters/turnout | 969,522 | 38.4 |  |  |  |
| Source: Nohlen & Stöver | | | | | |


title: Nottuln

abstract: Nottuln is a municipality in the district of Coesfeld in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

text:
# Nottuln

**Nottuln** (German pronunciation: \[ˈnɔtʊln\] ; Low German: *Notteln*) is a municipality in the district of Coesfeld in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

## Geography

Nottuln is situated in the Baumberge, approx. 20 km west of Münster.

### Neighbouring municipalities

### Division of the municipality

The municipality consists of 4 districts

## History

Original settlement of the Nottuln area dates back to about 4000 BC. The name of Nottuln originates from *Nutlon*, which is probably early German for "nut wood". A church was founded in 860 by Liudger, as well as the first convent in Westphalia.

After a destructive fire in 1748, the parish church and surrounding convent district were rebuilt in baroque style by Johann Conrad Schlaun.

## Transport

Nottuln is on the Bundesautobahn 43 and Nottuln-Appelhülsen station in the nearby town of Appelhülsen is on the Wanne-Eickel–Hamburg railway, connecting to Münster. Nottuln has bus lines that reach out to Coesfeld, Darup, and Roxel with the R62/3; Billerbeck and Appelhuelsen with the T85; and Münster with the S60. There are also many bike paths as Nottuln is on many of the Baumberger bike routes.

## Points of interest

## Notable people

## InfoBox

| Nottuln | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Center of Nottuln | |
|  | |
| Location of Nottuln within Coesfeld district | |
| Nottuln Nottuln | |
| Coordinates: 51°55′N 7°17′E / 51.917°N 7.283°E / 51.917; 7.283 | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | North Rhine-Westphalia |
| Admin. region | Münster |
| District | Coesfeld |
| Subdivisions | 4 |
| Government | |
| Mayor (202025) | Dietmar Thönnes-Richard |
| Area | |
| Total | 85.64 km2 (33.07 sq mi) |
| Highest elevation | 186 m (610 ft) |
| Lowest elevation | 59 m (194 ft) |
| Population (2023-12-31) | |
| Total | 19,921 |
| Density | 230/km2 (600/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal codes | 48301 |
| Dialling codes | 02502
02509 (Appelhülsen, Schapdetten) |
| Vehicle registration | COE |
| Website | www.nottuln.de |


title: The River Sessions (Bert Jansch album)

abstract: The River Sessions is a live album by Scottish folk musician Bert Jansch, released in 2004. The CD contains a track-by-track commentary. It's a recording of a solo Bert Jansch concert, from City Hall in Glasgow, on November 18, 1974. In 1973, Bert Jansch left Pentangle and the band split. He returned to a solo career and released in a group setting L.A. Turnaround in September 1974. Eight of the fourteen tracks on this live album come from that LP. This is the unique recording available on CD of a live solo rendition of the tracks. The track Stone Monkey is an allusion to the sixteenth-century Chinese book Journey To The West, published anonymously. Bert Jansch read an abridged translation made by Arthur Waley and simply called Monkey. The novel is a fictionalised account of the legends about the Buddhist monk Xuánzàng's pilgrimage to India during the Táng dynasty in order to obtain Buddhist religious texts called sutras. On this live recording, Bert Jansch gives explanations before the tracks.

text:
# The River Sessions (Bert Jansch album)

***The River Sessions*** is a live album by Scottish folk musician Bert Jansch, released in 2004. The CD contains a track-by-track commentary (state to be done by Bert Jansch). It's a recording of a solo Bert Jansch concert, from City Hall in Glasgow, on November 18, 1974. In 1973, Bert Jansch left Pentangle and the band split. He returned to a solo career and released in a group setting *L.A. Turnaround* in September 1974. Eight of the fourteen tracks on this live album come from that LP. This is the unique recording available on CD of a live solo rendition of the tracks.

The track *Stone Monkey* is an allusion to the sixteenth-century Chinese book *Journey To The West*, published anonymously. Bert Jansch read an abridged translation made by Arthur Waley and simply called *Monkey*. The novel is a fictionalised account of the legends about the Buddhist monk Xuánzàng's pilgrimage to India during the Táng dynasty in order to obtain Buddhist religious texts called sutras.

On this live recording, Bert Jansch gives explanations before the tracks.

## Track listing

1. "Build Another Band" - 4:13
2. "I've Got A Feeling" - 5:22
3. "One For Jo" - 3:47
4. "The Blacksmith" - 4:08
5. "Travellin' Man" - 4:01
6. "Lady Nothynges Toye Puffe" (*Lady Nothing*) - 2:28
7. "Fresh As A Sweet Sunday Morning" - 4:07
8. "Angi" - 5:31
9. "Stone Monkey" - 5:18
10. "Dance Lady Dance" - 2:33
11. "When I Get Home" - 4:46
12. "In The Bleak Mid-Winter" - 3:26
13. "Key To The Highway" - 4:21
14. "Chambertin" - 3:47

## Credits

Bert Jansch - Vocals, Acoustic guitar

Inside the CD, you can read "The quotes are from March 2004 interview with Bert at his home in London."

https://web.archive.org/web/20060822214704/http://www.bertjansch.com/news.html

## InfoBox

| The River Sessions | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Live album by Bert Jansch | |
| Released | 2004 |
| Recorded | 18 November 1974 |
| Genre | Folk |
| Length | 57'48 |
| Label | River Records |


title: Ohio Military Institute

abstract: The Ohio Military Institute was a higher education institution located in Cincinnati, Ohio. Founded in 1890, it closed in 1958.

text:
# Ohio Military Institute

The **Ohio Military Institute** was a higher education institution located in Cincinnati, Ohio. Founded in 1890, it closed in 1958.

## History

The Ohio Military Institute was established in 1890, on the foundation then known as Belmont College, and in the earlier days, as **Farmers' College**. The history of the college goes back almost to the beginnings of education in the West. Farmers' College was one of the first institutions of higher culture established beyond the mountains. It had a long and useful career. The roster contains the names of President Benjamin Harrison; Murat Halstead, the great editor; and Bishop John M. Walden, of the Methodist Episcopal Church.

Farmers' College was begun perhaps a generation too soon for permanent success. The community had not yet accepted the concept that inspired the enterprise. To quote the language of a very old letter used in early materials, "The distinctive feature of Farmers' College is the practical character of its course of instruction \*** to qualify our youth for a higher position in any of the industrial pursuits." The idea expressed is today the most powerful force directing the trend of thought in education.

### Belmont College

The history of Belmont College covers a period of transition, during which the older institution was returning gradually toward its source for the training of boys.

### Cary Academy

The real progenitor of the Ohio Military Institute was Cary Academy, established in his own home on College Hill by Freeman Cary, in the year 1832.

The Cary family were pioneers in this part of Ohio. The father came from New England to Cincinnati as early as 1802. A few years later he purchased a large farm on the present site of College Hill. There his two sons, Freeman G., the elder, and Samuel F., grew to manhood. Sisters Alice and Phoebe Cary, the well-known poete, lived nearby, in what is now North College Hill. Both the Cary boys were graduated from Miami University at Oxford, then in its infancy. Freeman's ambition was to become an educator, and upon his graduation, he opened an academy for boys at his home. The old house still stands, a well-known landmark of the village.

Cary's Academy, when opened, received four pupils, but before the year closed the eager young scholar was teaching more than a score of boys. Mr. Cary was encouraged to build, on a plot of ground just in front of the present location of the school, a small brick school building. Shortly afterward he constructed a handsome addition. Meanwhile, the school increased readily in numbers, until during the last year of the old Academy, more than 120 students were in attendance. In the twelve years during which Mr. Cary conducted his school, some 1,200 boys from all parts of the West and the South came under his instruction. His Academy was, at that time, the leading private school west of the Allegheny Mountains. He was assisted in the work by an efficient corps of instructors, several of whom were very able men, who afterward became eminent educators. Probably most loved because of his personality, and the most revered and respected because of his work, was Dr. Robert H. Bishop. He came from Miami University to Cary Academy during its last year, He remained to fill the chair of Philosophy and History in the faculty of Farmers' College, Shortly before his death, in 1855, he requested that his body and that of his wife might find a last resting place on the college grounds. The letter begging this simple boon is one of the most precious archives of the college.

In 1999, part of Cary's original school was listed on the National Register of Historic Places under the name "Freeman Grant Cary Pleasant Hill Academy". Embracing his house and one other building, the designation was granted both because of the buildings' architecture and because of their connection to Cary, who was deemed a significant figure in local history.

## Alumni

### Farmers' College

## Further reading

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Freeman Grant Cary Pleasant Hill Academy | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| Front of the former school | |
|  | |
| Location | 5651 Hamilton Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio |
| Coordinates | 39°11′38.5″N 84°33′21″W / 39.194028°N 84.55583°W / 39.194028; -84.55583 |
| Area | 0.6 acres (0.24 ha) |
| Built | 1832 (1832) |
| Architectural style | Greek Revival and Italianate |
| NRHP reference No. | 99000511 |
| Added to NRHP | April 29, 1999 |


title: Sri Lankan shrew

abstract: The Sri Lankan shrew, also called Gordon's pygmy shrew, is a species of mammal in the family Soricidae. It is endemic to Sri Lanka. It is threatened by habitat loss. It is known as හික් මීයා in Sinhala. It was named after the wife of A. C. Tutein-Nolthenius, Marjory née Fellowes-Gordon, who collected specimens of the shrew and provided them to Phillips.

text:
# Sri Lankan shrew

The **Sri Lankan shrew** (***Suncus fellowesgordoni***), also called **Gordon's pygmy shrew**, is a species of mammal in the family Soricidae. It is endemic to Sri Lanka. It is threatened by habitat loss. It is known as හික් මීයා (\[hikmiːya\]) in Sinhala. It was named after the wife of A. C. Tutein-Nolthenius, Marjory née Fellowes-Gordon, who collected specimens of the shrew and provided them to Phillips.

## Description

Sri Lankan shrews have a head and body length of 5–6 cm (2.0–2.4 in) with a tail 3 cm (1.2 in) long. Females are larger than males. They are dark chocolate brown to blackish brown above and dark gray with a silver sheen below. The throat is very gray in color, while the snout, ears, and forefeet are pink and the claws reddish brown. The tail has gray hairs that are dark above and light below.

## InfoBox

| Sri Lankan shrew | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Endangered  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Eulipotyphla |
| Family: | Soricidae |
| Genus: | *Suncus* |
| Species: | ***S. fellowesgordoni*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Suncus fellowesgordoni***
Phillips, 1932 | |
|
|  | |
| Sri Lankan shrew range | |


title: Natsuki Toda

abstract: Natsuki Toda is a professional Japanese baseball player. He is a pitcher for the Yomiuri Giants of Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB).

text:
# Natsuki Toda

**Natsuki Toda** (戸田懐生, *Toda Natsuki*, born July 22, 2000 in Takahama, Aichi, Japan) is a professional Japanese baseball player. He is a pitcher for the Yomiuri Giants of Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB).

## InfoBox

| Natsuki Toda | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Yomiuri Giants – No. 90 | |
| **Pitcher** | |
| **Born:**  (2000-07-22) July 22, 2000
Takahama, Aichi, Japan | |
| **Bats:** Right**Throws:** Right | |
| NPB debut | |
| June 18, 2021, for the Yomiuri Giants | |
| Career statistics
(through April 5, 2022) | |
| Win–loss record | 1–0 |
| Earned run average | 0.00 |
| Strikeouts | 2 |
|  | |
| Teams | |
|  | |


title: USS Indianola

abstract: USS Indianola was a casemate ironclad that served as a river gunboat for the Union Navy during the American Civil War. A side-wheel steamer also equipped with two screw propellers, Indianola was built in Cincinnati, Ohio in 1862 by Joseph Brown before being taken by Union authorities while still incomplete, in response to a perceived Confederate threat to Cincinnati. After completion, the vessel briefly served on the Mississippi River and the Yazoo River before being sent downstream of Vicksburg, Mississippi in February 1863, to support the naval ram USS Queen of the West, which was operating against Confederate shipping. After Queen of the West was disabled and captured by Confederate forces, Indianola briefly blockaded the Red River before retreating upriver after learning that the Confederates intended to attack her. On February 24, Indianola was attacked by the repaired Queen of the West and the ram CSS William H. Webb. After being rammed several times and badly damaged, Indianola ran aground and was captured. After learning that the Confederates were attempting to salvage the wreck, Union forces constructed and sent a dummy ironclad downriver, which bluffed the Confederates into destroying the wreck. The remains of Indianola were raised in January 1865 and sold later that month.

text:
# USS Indianola

**USS *Indianola*** was a casemate ironclad that served as a river gunboat for the Union Navy during the American Civil War. A side-wheel steamer also equipped with two screw propellers, *Indianola* was built in Cincinnati, Ohio in 1862 by Joseph Brown before being taken by Union authorities while still incomplete, in response to a perceived Confederate threat to Cincinnati. After completion, the vessel briefly served on the Mississippi River and the Yazoo River before being sent downstream of Vicksburg, Mississippi in February 1863, to support the naval ram USS *Queen of the West*, which was operating against Confederate shipping.

After *Queen of the West* was disabled and captured by Confederate forces, *Indianola* briefly blockaded the Red River before retreating upriver after learning that the Confederates intended to attack her. On February 24, *Indianola* was attacked by the repaired *Queen of the West* and the ram CSS *William H. Webb*. After being rammed several times and badly damaged, *Indianola* ran aground and was captured. After learning that the Confederates were attempting to salvage the wreck, Union forces constructed and sent a dummy ironclad downriver, which bluffed the Confederates into destroying the wreck. The remains of *Indianola* were raised in January 1865 and sold later that month.

## Construction and characteristics

On April 30, 1862, shipbuilder Joseph Brown of Cincinnati, Ohio, signed a contract with the United States government to build *Indianola* for $128,000. The vessel was named for the city of Indianola, Iowa. On September 1, Brown reported that *Indianola* was nearing completion.

She was still under construction when several brigades under the command of Confederate Brigadier General Henry Heth came within six miles of Cincinnati on September 6 during the Confederate Army's Kentucky Campaign. At the time, Major General Edmund Kirby Smith's corps of the Army of Tennessee was encamped at Lexington, Kentucky. Heth was under orders not to attack the city, but to instead make a "demonstration".

In response to the threat to Cincinnati, Union Major General Lew Wallace, who was in command of the defenses, appropriated the incomplete vessel to expedite its construction from Brown on September 2 and launched it on September 4. Heth withdrew to Lexington on September 12.

Fourteen days later after Wallace seized the *Indianola*, Acting Master Edward Shaw was appointed to command the ship, which had been placed into commission by September 27. Although fully armed and prepared to defend Cincinnati by October 23, *Indianola* was still incomplete. She was returned to Brown once the threat posed by Heth passed. By December, the ship was ready for general service, but the level on the Ohio River was too low at that time for *Indianola* to make it across the Falls of the Ohio. On January 23, 1863, the ship joined the Mississippi Squadron, having arrived at Cairo, Illinois. It had cost a total of $182,662.56 to complete the ship.

*Indianola* was a casemate ironclad serving as a river gunboat. She was a side-wheel steamer propelled by two wheels and two screw propellers. The propellers required machinery that took up space that would have otherwise been used for crew quarters. Her length was 174 feet (53 m) or 175 feet (53 m) with a beam of 50 feet (15 m) or 52 feet (16 m) and a draft of 5 feet (1.5 m); she displaced 511 tons. *Indianola* had a speed of either 6 knots (11 km/h; 6.9 mph) or 9 knots (17 km/h; 10 mph). The vessel was armed with four smoothbore Dahlgren guns: two 11-inch (28 cm) pieces and two 9-inch (23 cm). These guns were poorly positioned to only fire effectively to the fore and aft and had a slow rate of fire. The 11-inch guns were forward on the vessel and were mounted on pivots, while the 9-inch guns fired through ports. She was protected by 3 inches (7.6 cm) of iron plating serving as armor. Her complement was about 100 crew. Overall, the ship was similar to another Brown ship, USS *Chillicothe*, except for its propulsion system.

## Service history

*Indianola* originally served on the Mississippi River and the Yazoo River. During the Vicksburg campaign, Union Navy Rear admiral David Dixon Porter ordered the naval ram USS *Queen of the West* down the Mississippi to intercept Confederate shipping on the stretch of the river between Vicksburg, Mississippi, and Port Hudson, Louisiana. *Queen of the West* travelled downriver past the Vicksburg guns on February 2, 1863, and operated there until February 5. The ram later made a second trip, and entered the Red River on February 14. Indianola was now under the command of Lieutenant Commander George Brown. The day before, *Indianola* left her moorings at the Yazoo at 22:15 with two barges loaded with coal strapped to her sides and steamed south under fire from the Vicksburg defenses. She was to join *Queen of the West* in her operations downstream. After passing the Confederate positions, *Indianola* anchored below Warrenton, Mississippi for the night and resumed the movement south. She had been chosen for the operation because her engines would allow her to make a speed of 2 knots (3.7 km/h; 2.3 mph) upstream against the current, which was much faster than Porter's other ironclads, meaning that *Indianola* would better be able to escape upriver in case of an emergency.

However, *Queen of the West* was disabled in a fight with Confederate shore defenses along the Red, and had to be abandoned, with her escaping crew occupying the captured packet steamer *Era No. 5*. They were pursued by the Confederate ram CSS *William H. Webb*, but managed to reach the safety of *Indianola* on February 16. While *Era No. 5* headed backed towards Union positions near Vicksburg, *Indianola* moved against *William H. Webb* and sighted her that afternoon near Ellis Cliffs, Mississippi. *Indianola* fired, but was out of range, while the Confederate vessel escaped around a bend of the river in fog. *Indianola* then held a blockade of the junction of the Red and the Mississippi, but withdrew on February 21 after learning that *William H. Webb*, the captured and repaired *Queen of the West*, and two steamers filled with Confederate soldiers were moving to attack her.

Slowed by the two coal barges which she was still bringing with her in the belief that Porter might send down another vessel and the coal would be needed, *Indianola* was caught on the night of February 24 by *William H. Webb* and *Queen of the West*. The two Confederate vessels, under the command of Joseph Lancaster Brent, a major in the Confederate Army, could have reached *Indianola* earlier, but waited until nightfall for combat, in order to make it harder for the Union vessel to aim and to give the Confederate shore batteries at Grand Gulf, Mississippi a chance to fire on the ship. Near Davis Bend, Mississippi, Brown turned the prow of his ship towards the Confederate vessels and prepared for combat by positioning the ship so that one of the coal barges was between *Indianola* and the Confederates. After shots from the Union 11-inch guns missed, *Queen of the West* rammed *Indianola* on her port side and smashed one of the coal barges almost in half. The Union sailors cut away the stricken barge, and then suffered the shock of a head-on ramming from *William H. Webb*; the Confederate ship was damaged in the collision but made another charge and crushed the other coal barge. *Queen of the West* moved upstream to build momentum and then rammed the starboard side of *Indianola*, destroying the starboard rudder and wheelhouse. *William H. Webb* performed a similar maneuver, and damaged the stern of the Union vessel. Brown had ordered his ship to fire, but was only able to score either a single hit on the *Queen of the West*, which inflicted casualties but caused little structural damage or two hits on the *Queen of the West* that disabled cannons and a hit on *William H. Webb*. With the ship sinking and barely steerable, Brown had *Indianola* run aground onto the western bank and hauled down his flag, but the Confederates were able to pull the stricken ship over to the eastern bank, which they held. *Indianola* sunk in 10 feet (3.0 m) of water. During the fight, *Indianola* had been rammed seven times. While all but one Union sailor survived the battle, only three escaped the ship's capture to bring word to Porter; Brown and most of the others had been taken prisoner.

The Confederates detached a salvage crew to attempt to raise *Indianola*. The Union authorities knew that if the vessel was repaired and added to the Confederate fleet like *Queen of the West*, the result could be disastrous for the Union fleet on the Mississippi as the two captured vessels could potentially defeat and capture other Union ships. Porter did not have ships available to send on the risky mission to destroy the wreck of *Indianola*, so he ordered the construction of a hoax ironclad in order to bluff the Confederate salvage crew into abandoning the wreck. This was accomplished by lengthening an old coal barge with logs and adding a casemate, Quaker guns, and two smokestacks made out of pork barrels. The contraption, which was known by the name *Black Terror*, was sent downstream on February 26. It passed the Vicksburg defenses without taking major damage, and frightened *Queen of the West* into leaving the area of the wreck. The abandoned Confederate salvage crew, who may have been intoxicated, threw the 9-inch guns into the Mississippi, pointed the 11-inch guns at each other muzzle-to-muzzle and then fired them, before burning what remained to the waterline. On the morning of February 27, the Confederates realized that *Black Terror* had only been a hoax. Vicksburg fell to Union forces on July 4. The remains of *Indianola'*s wreck were raised on January 5, 1865, and towed to Mound City, Illinois, where they were sold on January 17.

## Sources

## InfoBox

| USS *Indianola* in 1863 | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| United States | |
| Name | *Indianola* |
| Namesake | Indianola, Iowa |
| Ordered | April 30, 1862 |
| Launched | September 4, 1862 |
| Commissioned | September 27, 1862 |
| Out of service | Sunk February 24, 1863 and sold on January 17, 1865 |
| Fate | Raised and sold after sinking |
| General characteristics | |
| Displacement | 511 tons |
| Length | 174 ft (53 m) or 175 ft (53 m) |
| Beam | 50 ft (15 m) or 52 ft (16 m) |
| Draft | 5 ft (1.5 m) |
| Propulsion | Sidewheel, Steam-driven screw |
| Speed | 6 knots (11 km/h; 6.9 mph) or 9 knots (17 km/h; 10 mph) |
| Complement | about 100 |
| Armament |  |
| Armor | 3 inches (7.6 cm) of iron plate |


abstract: Ward No. 88, Kolkata Municipal Corporation is an administrative division of Kolkata Municipal Corporation in Borough No. 9, covering parts of Kalighat (Sahanagar-Lalpara) neighbourhood in South Kolkata, in the Indian state of West Bengal.

text:
# Ward No. 88, Kolkata Municipal Corporation

**Ward No. 88, Kolkata Municipal Corporation** is an administrative division of Kolkata Municipal Corporation in Borough No. 9, covering parts of Kalighat (Sahanagar-Lalpara) neighbourhood in South Kolkata, in the Indian state of West Bengal.

## History

The establishment and evolution of Kolkata Municipal Corporation followed a long process starting from around the middle of the 19th century. The Municipal Consolidation Act of 1888 and certain steps taken thereafter saw the addition of peripheral areas in the eastern and southern parts of the city to the corporation area. In 1888, there were 75 commissioners, 50 of whom were elected, 15 appointed by the government and 10 nominated from bodies like Chambers of Commerce, Trades Associations and the Port Commissioners. The Calcutta Municipal Act of 1923 brought about important changes. The adjacent municipalities of Cossipore, Chitpore, Manicktola and Garden Reach were amalgamated with Kolkata. Garden Reach was later taken out.

Post-independence developments saw the introduction of adult franchise in municipal elections in 1962. The number of wards increased from 75 to 100. Tollygunge was merged with Kolkata in 1953. The Calcutta Municipal Corporation Act 1980, which came into effect in 1984, extended the boundaries of Kolkata by including South Suburban, Garden Reach and Jadavpur municipalities in Kolkata. With the addition of Joka to Kolkata, the number of wards rose to 144.

## Geography

Ward No. 88 is bordered on the north by Rashbehari Avenue; on the east by Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Road; on the south by the Budge Budge branch of Eastern Railway; and on the west by Tolly’s Nulla (Adi Ganga).

The ward is served by Tollygunge police station of Kolkata Police.

Tollygunge Womens police station has jurisdiction over all the police districts in the South Division, i.e. Park Street, Shakespeare Sarani, Alipore, Hastings, Maidan, Bhowanipore, Kalighat, Tollygunge, Charu Market, New Alipur and Chetla.

## Demographics

As per the 2011 Census of India, Ward No. 88, Kolkata Municipal Corporation, had a total population of 23,672, of which 11,996 (51%) were males and 11,676 (49%) were females. Population below 6 years was 1,651. The total number of literates in Ward No. 88 was 18,738 (85.09% of the population over 6 years).

Kolkata is the second most literate district in West Bengal. The literacy rate of Kolkata district has increased from 53.0% in 1951 to 86.3% in the 2011 census.

See also – List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate

| Literacy in KMC wards
 |
| --- |
| North Kolkata |
| Ward No. 1 – 86.12% |
| Ward No. 2 – 94.24% |
| Ward No. 3 – 86.74% |
| Ward No. 4 – 89.27% |
| Ward No. 5 – 90.32% |
| Ward No. 6 – 81.12% |
| Ward No. 7 – 87.65% |
| Ward No. 8 – 93.57% |
| Ward No. 9 – 91.60% |
| Ward No. 10 – 92.38% |
| Ward No. 11 – 87.96% |
| Ward No. 12 – 84.95% |
| Ward No. 13 – 83.39% |
| Ward No. 14 – 87.87% |
| Ward No. 15 – 88.89% |
| Ward No. 16 – 88.62% |
| Ward No. 17 – 92.30% |
| Ward No. 18 – 78.72% |
| Ward No. 19 – 89.29% |
| Ward No. 20 – 85.93% |
| Ward No. 21 – 78.12% |
| Ward No. 22 – 85.07% |
| Ward No. 23 – 71.14% |
| Ward No. 24 – 73.16% |
| Ward No. 25 – 85.49% |
| Ward No. 26 – 82.34% |
| Ward No. 27 – 88.19% |
| Ward No. 28 – 79.39% |
| Ward No. 29 – 70.69% |
| Ward No. 30 – 88.71% |
| Ward No. 31 – 88.28% |
| Ward No. 32 – 75.73% |
| Ward No. 33 – 91.17% |
| Central Kolkata |
| Ward No. 34 – 92.79% |
| Ward No. 35 – 91.44% |
| Ward No. 36 – 66.34% |
| Ward No. 37 – 79.12% |
| Ward No. 38 – 85.77% |
| Ward No. 39 – 73.27% |
| Ward No. 40 – 88.14% |
| Ward No. 41 – 83.53% |
| Ward No. 42 – 75.02% |
| Ward No. 43 – 79.52% |
| Ward No. 44 – 79.09% |
| Ward No. 45 – 74.69% |
| Ward No. 46 – 85.38% |
| Ward No. 47 – 87.87% |
| Ward No. 48 – 82.04% |
| Ward No. 49 – 65.51% |
| Ward No. 50 – 88.70% |
| Ward No. 51 – 93.01% |
| Ward No. 52 – 86.18% |
| Ward No. 53 – 89.49% |
| Ward No. 54 – 82.10% |
| Ward No. 55 – 84.84% |
| Ward No. 56 – 85.53% |
| Ward No. 57 – 80.20% |
| Ward No. 58 – 74.35% |
| Ward No. 59 – 80.39% |
| Ward No. 60 – 74.04% |
| Ward No. 61 – 80.54% |
| Ward No. 62 – 86.04% |
| Ward No. 63 – 84.39% |
| Ward No. 64 – 85.21% |
| Ward No. 65 – 81.60% |
| South Kolkata |
| Ward No. 66 – 80.95% |
| Ward No. 67 – 89.52% |
| Ward No. 68 – 90.86% |
| Ward No. 69 – 86.07% |
| Ward No. 70 – 94.20% |
| Ward No. 71 – 92.01% |
| Ward No. 72 – 90.06% |
| Ward No. 73 – 89.28% |
| Ward No. 74 – 84.56% |
| Ward No. 75 – 80.27% |
| Ward No. 76 – 88.40% |
| Ward No. 77 – 83.84% |
| Ward No. 78 – 83.00% |
| Ward No. 79 – 81.96% |
| Ward No. 80 – 71.89% |
| Ward No. 81 – 85.14% |
| Ward No. 82 – 84.82% |
| Ward No. 83 – 85.63% |
| Ward No. 84 – 85.71% |
| Ward No. 85 – 88.19% |
| Ward No. 86 – 89.61% |
| Ward No. 87 – 90.26% |
| Ward No. 88 – 85.09% |
| Ward No. 89 – 92.40% |
| Ward No. 90 – 84.60% |
| Ward No. 91 – 90.57% |
| Ward No. 92 – 93.53% |
| Ward No. 93 – 91.30% |
| Ward No. 94 – 89.11% |
| Ward No. 95 – 95.61% |
| Ward No. 96 – 96.57% |
| Ward No. 97 – 94.60% |
| Ward No. 98 – 96.24% |
| Ward No. 99 – 95.79% |
| Ward No. 100 – 95.98% |
| Ward No. 101 – 95.36% |
| Ward No. 102 – 93.53% |
| Ward No. 103 – 94.77% |
| Ward No. 104 – 96.03% |
| Ward No. 105 – 93.86% |
| Ward No. 106 – 92.97% |
| Ward No. 107 – 90.06% |
| Ward No. 108 – 80.74% |
| Ward No. 109 – 85.49% |
| Ward No. 110 – 91.35% |
| Ward No. 111 – 93.36% |
| Ward No. 112 – 92.50% |
| Ward No. 113 – 92.18% |
| Ward No. 114 – 91.13% |
| Ward No. 115 – 95.53% |
| Ward No. 116 – 86.91% |
| Ward No. 117 – 86.53% |
| Ward No. 118 – 90.04% |
| Ward No. 119 – 94.04% |
| Ward No. 120 – 92.15% |
| Ward No. 121 – 91.86% |
| Ward No. 122 – 92.88% |
| Ward No. 123 – 93.42% |
| Ward No. 124 – 92.55% |
| Ward No. 125 – 92.50% |
| Ward No. 126 – 93.78% |
| Ward No. 127 – 91.82% |
| Ward No. 128 – 92.67% |
| Ward No. 129 – 92.56% |
| Ward No. 130 – 95.55% |
| Ward No. 131 – 93.48% |
| Ward No. 132 – 90.30% |
| Ward No. 133 – 83.48% |
| Ward No. 134 – 73.75% |
| Ward No. 135 – 75.75% |
| Ward No. 136 – 85.01% |
| Ward No. 137 – 79.16% |
| Ward No. 138 – 78.67% |
| Ward No. 139 – 77.56% |
| Ward No. 140 – 79.93% |
| Ward No. 141 – 75.15% |
| Note: The regional distribution
is a broad one and
there is some overlapping |
| Source:
2011 Census: Ward-Wise
Primary Census Abstract Data |

Census data about mother tongue and religion is not available at the ward level. For district level information see Kolkata district.

According to the District Census Handbook Kolkata 2011, 141 wards of Kolkata Municipal Corporation formed Kolkata district. (3 wards were added later).

## Election highlights

The ward forms a city municipal corporation council electoral constituency and is a part of Rashbehari (Vidhan Sabha constituency).

| Election
year | Constituency | Name of councillor | Party affililiation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2005 | Ward No. 88 | Mala Roy | Nationalist Congress Party |  |
| 2010 |  | Mala Roy | Indian National Congress |  |
| 2015 |  | Mala Roy | All India Trinamool Congress |  |

Kolkata/South travel guide from Wikivoyage

## InfoBox

| Ward No. 88 | |
| --- | --- |
| Kolkata Municipal Corporation | |
| Interactive Map Outlining Ward No. 88 | |
| Ward No. 88Location in Kolkata | |
| Coordinates (dms): 22°30′54″N 88°20′37″E / 22.514917°N 88.343694°E / 22.514917; 88.343694 | |
| Country | India |
| State | West Bengal |
| City | Kolkata |
| Neighbourhood | Kalighat (Sahanagar-Lalpara) |
| Reservation | Open |
| Parliamentary constituency | Kolkata Dakshin |
| Assembly constituency | Rashbehari |
| Borough | 9 |
| Government | |
| Type | Mayor-Council |
| Body | KMC |
| Councillor | Mala Roy |
| Political Party | AITC |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 23,672 |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 700 026 |
| Area code | +91 33 |


title: Lily Hoshikawa

abstract: Fictional character Lily Hoshikawa is a fictional character from the Japanese anime series Zombie Land Saga. She was created by the team at production studio MAPPA and in particular series composition writer Shigeru Murakoshi and producer Nobuhiro Takenaka, who developed her character. She is voiced by Minami Tanaka in Japanese and Sarah Wiedenheft in the anime's English dub and played by Riri Takanashi in the stage play of the series. Within the anime's narrative, Lily is introduced as one of several deceased young girls who have been resurrected as zombies to form an idol group which aims to revitalize the declining Saga Prefecture. She is later revealed to be a transgender girl and former television child actor, who died at a young age from the shock of witnessing the prepubescent growth of facial hair on her body. Lily's character has been well received by critics, who have praised her inclusion within Zombie Land Saga as a positive example of transgender representation. She has also appeared in internet memes, most notably a crudely edited image depicting her holding a gun which features the caption "Shut the fuck up, TERF".

text:
# Lily Hoshikawa

**Lily Hoshikawa** (星川 リリィ, *Hoshikawa Ririi*) is a fictional character from the Japanese anime series *Zombie Land Saga*. She was created by the team at production studio MAPPA and in particular series composition writer Shigeru Murakoshi and producer Nobuhiro Takenaka, who developed her character. She is voiced by Minami Tanaka in Japanese and Sarah Wiedenheft in the anime's English dub and played by Riri Takanashi in the stage play of the series.

Within the anime's narrative, Lily is introduced as one of several deceased young girls who have been resurrected as zombies to form an idol group which aims to revitalize the declining Saga Prefecture. She is later revealed to be a transgender girl and former television child actor, who died at a young age from the shock of witnessing the prepubescent growth of facial hair on her body.

Lily's character has been well received by critics, who have praised her inclusion within *Zombie Land Saga* as a positive example of transgender representation. She has also appeared in internet memes, most notably a crudely edited image depicting her holding a gun which features the caption "Shut the fuck up, TERF".

## Fictional character biography

Lily first appears in the series' inaugural episode, "Good Morning SAGA," where she is introduced as one of several deceased young girls who have been resurrected as zombies in order to feature in the idol group Franchouchou which aims to revitalize the declining Saga Prefecture. Within the group, she is publicly known as Number 6 (6号, *Roku-gō*), one of several number aliases used by the girls in order to disguise their true identities.

Her backstory is later explored in the episode ""Go Go Neverland SAGA", when she is recognized and approached by her father and past manager, Takeo Go. Lily was previously a child actor with the masculine name Masao Go, who, amidst her stressful television career and the resulting mounting conflict with her father, died from shock after finding a strand of facial hair growing on her body. The other members of the group respond supportively to Lily, all collectively affirming that learning of her transgender identity does not change her place in the group or how they treat her. Lily expresses that she is glad to have been resurrected as a zombie, as she will now never grow older and experience the gender dysphoria that puberty would otherwise cause her. Realizing how much Takeo cared for Lily, Franchouchou invites Takeo to a special concert where Lily performs a song to give him a proper goodbye.

Lily appears in a major role in the fifth episode of the series' second season *Zombie Land Saga Revenge*, "Little Bodda Bope SAGA", in which she competes on a talent competition television program against fellow child actor Light Oozora.

## Development

Minami Tanaka (left) and Sarah Wiedenheft (right) have provided the voices of Lily Hoshikawa in their respective languages.

In an interview with *Mipon*, producer Nobuhiro Takenaka and composition writer Shigeru Murakoshi said that they found Lily a difficult character to approach owing to the challenging themes of gender in her story, which they wanted to approach sensitively and with "a suitable balance of comedic and serious scenes." Owing to these considerations, many rewrites of dialogue relevant to Lily's character, in particular the line in which she openly rejected her previous name "Masao," took place during the voice recording sessions. Although they acknowledged that including transgender themes in the anime's story was not "absolutely necessary", and the difficulty could have been avoided by simply not featuring them, Takenaka said that they chose to do so as they desired to "challenge the conventions" so as to set the series apart from other idol anime.

## Cultural impact

### Critical response

Lily's character has been received positively by critics. The narrative framing of her story, particularly her positive assertion of her gender identity and the supporting cast's immediate acceptance, was commonly characterized as remarkable in light of a perceived dearth of similarly positive transgender stories in anime, particularly as many other comedy anime had been seen as handling similar characters poorly. In reviewing the eighth episode of the series for *Anime News Network*, Steve Jones praised her character arc and particularly her relationship with her father, which he described as "a real tearjerker." However, Jones did say that Lily's death was "bizarre," saying that its comical presentation could come off as "trivializing" the matter of gender dysphoria, but also said it "might also work as a comically exaggerated representation of relatable feelings trans girls go through." While Jones said that *Zombie Land Saga* was not a "gold standard" for transgender representation, he nonetheless commended it for being "kind and unambiguous".

In *Anime Feminist*, Vrai Kaiser also praised Lily's inclusion, saying her trans identity was depicted with "grace and empathy", but criticized her death as expressing "an unfortunate accidental message." Writing for Crunchyroll, Cayla Coats deemed Lily the "Best Girl" of 2018, saying her arc "struck a rather personal chord" as Coats was also a trans woman. In an feature for Crunchyroll, Carlos Cadorniga also wrote that they empathized with Lily's experience of gender dysphoria as a trans person, calling her story a "wonderfully inspiring tale" and an example for future trans representation to follow. In *Anime Herald*, Samantha Ferreira opined that Lily's "exaggerated" death was nonetheless an emotionally resonant depiction of gender dysphoria. Ferreira called Lily a "desperately needed" example of positive transgender representation. In a feature for *Otaku USA*, Michael Goldstein stated he did not feel qualified to comment on the sensitivity of Lily's death or lack thereof, but generally offered similar praises of her story and character, saying "Who would've thought a zombie show would take deadnaming seriously?" Writing in *Neo*, Andrew Osmond said that Lily's storyline covered the transgender themes "without making an issue of the issues" and avoided making Lily's trans identity the focal point of her character.

Lily's role in episode 5 of *Revenge* was also praised. In his review, Jones complimented the decision to instead focus on guest character Light, as he felt Lily's arc was already generally complete, and also praised her dance number. While Jones felt the episode was not as interesting as her episode in the series' first season, he nonetheless praised the continued appeal of Lily's character as "a powerful little polymath". Reuben Baron of CBR felt similarly, saying it was a "likable half-hour" in spite of not being as memorable as the series' previous Lily-focused episode.

In her book *Distancing Representations in Transgender Film*, researcher Lucy J. Miller commented positively on Lily. Miller said that Lily differed from other examples of gender-nonconforming characters in anime, typically limited to characters cross-dressing for reasons often unrelated to their gender identity. Additionally, Miller praised how her backstory addressed the "trauma of puberty" common to transgender experiences.

Promotional material in magazines such as *Animage* has described Lily as "a boy" and touted her deadname Masao as her "real name". This was criticized by *Otaquest* writer Alicia Haddick, who highlighted the perceived dissonance between the messaging of the anime which affirmed Lily's identity, and the use of her previous name as a "selling point reliant on shock factor". Haddick thus expressed the opinion that despite Lily's positive reception from transgender viewers, her presentation in the series' marketing ultimately served as "a reminder of the hurdles trans people face".

### Audience response

Alicia Haddick of *Otaquest* said that Lily's introduction, and the reveal of her transgender identity, was positively received by both English and Japanese-speaking audiences who posted about her appearance on Twitter. Haddick also reported that the public display of a meme featuring Lily in UK Parliament prompted discussion of transgender issues amongst Japanese Twitter users. Ana Valens of *The Daily Dot* also highlighted positive responses to Lily from Twitter users, although she also commented on conflict between fans of the character and viewers who expressed skepticism about her transgender identity, which became a matter of dispute on the talk page of the series' English Wikipedia article. Such users often falsely suggested that Lily's gender identity or status as a trans character was an embellishment by the writers of the English subtitles, or referred to her using the pejorative term "trap". Carlos Cadorniga, responding to such commentary in relation to their Crunchyroll article, called the term's application "offensive and ignorant", saying it "discredits the impact" of Lily's story.

Lily's deadname Masao appeared on a list of popular anime buzzwords in *Gadget Tsūshin*.

### Use in internet memes

Lily's image has been adopted into internet memes. The most notable such meme was a photoshopped image which crudely depicts her holding a gun, with a caption spelt in stylized lettering that reads, "Shut the fuck up TERF", generally used by social media users voicing their support of the transgender rights movement. In April 2019, a Twitter user sent the image as a reply to British journalist Helen Lewis in relation to a dispute that she had been engaging in with professional esports player Dominique 'SonicFox' McLean, after McLean referred to Lewis as a TERF. Lewis responded by tweeting a screenshot of the reply, which she criticized as a perceived death threat and suggested it was in violation of Twitter's terms of service.

On May 1, 2019, Scottish MP Joanna Cherry referenced the reply to Lewis while questioning a Twitter employee on how the platform handled cases of online abuse during a Parliamentary convening of the Human Rights Committee. During this meeting, she physically presented a printed out copy of the meme, featuring Lily. Cherry described the meme as an obscene and misogynist threat, while incorrectly quoting its text as "Shut the fuck up, cunt". Cherry was later criticized by McLean for her "disingenuous" characterization of the related conflict. In an *Anime News Network* article covering the meme's unexpected public display, Andrew Osmond described it as "surely one of the strangest public representations of anime in history". Reviewer Steve Jones commented on the event in his review of the fifth episode of *Zombie Land Saga Revenge*, characterizing it as "absurd enough to sound like a cockamamie scene cooked up by the \[anime's\] writers".

On January 29, 2023, the meme was posted to Twitter by J. K. Rowling, who likened it to a piece of anti-suffragist art from the early twentieth century.

1. Hodgkins, Crystalyn (August 31, 2018). "Mamoru Miyano Reveals Zombieland Saga Original Anime's Main Cast in Video". *Anime News Network*. Archived from the original on August 31, 2018. Retrieved August 31, 2018.
2. "This Season's Sleeper Hit Gets A Great English Cast – ZOMBIE LAND SAGA". *Funimation*. October 25, 2018. Archived from the original on October 27, 2018. Retrieved October 26, 2018.
3. "ANIME NEWS: 'Dead' idols to hit the stage in 'Zombie Land Saga' adaptation | The Asahi Shimbun: Breaking News, Japan News and Analysis". *The Asahi Shimbun*. Archived from the original on April 16, 2023. Retrieved April 16, 2023.
4. "Zombie Land Saga ‒ Episodes 1-3". *Anime News Network*. Archived from the original on October 25, 2018. Retrieved April 3, 2023.
5. "I♡HIPHOP SAGA". *Zombie Land Saga*. Episode 2. October 11, 2018. Event occurs at 15:44.
6. "Zombie Land Saga Revenge ‒ Episode 5". *Anime News Network*. Archived from the original on January 17, 2023. Retrieved April 3, 2023.
7. "Zombie Land Saga ‒ Episode 8". *Anime News Network*. Archived from the original on November 26, 2018. Retrieved April 3, 2023.
8. Ferreira, Samantha (January 29, 2019). "Lily Hoshikawa: Zombie Land Saga's Undead Idol Turned Trans Icon". *Anime Herald*. Archived from the original on January 30, 2023. Retrieved April 4, 2023.
9. Ahlgrim, Callie. "47 of the most groundbreaking LGBTQ characters and relationships on TV". *Insider*. Archived from the original on April 4, 2023. Retrieved April 4, 2023.
10. Baron, Reuben (May 7, 2021). "Zombie Land Saga Revenge Gives Lily Hoshikawa a Rival". *CBR*. Archived from the original on January 17, 2023. Retrieved April 3, 2023.
11. Toh, Alfred (September 14, 2021). "Interview: Zombie Land Saga Producer and Writer". *Mipon - Anime Tourism*. Archived from the original on January 11, 2023. Retrieved April 3, 2023.
12. "Zombie Land Saga Writer, Producer Explain How Lily Became a Gender Subversive Idol". *Anime News Network*. Archived from the original on January 17, 2023. Retrieved April 3, 2023.
13. Goldstein, Michael (September 5, 2019). "Creep Show". *Otaku USA Magazine*. Archived from the original on April 10, 2023. Retrieved April 10, 2023.
14. Miller, Lucy J. (2023). "My Transgender Experience with Film and Other Media (section: 'Searching for Transgender Representation')". *Distancing representations in transgender film : identification, affect, and the audience*. Albany. ISBN 978-1-4384-9201-8. OCLC 1363102491.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
15. Cadorniga, Carlos (November 29, 2018). "To Zombie Land Saga's Lily Hoshikawa, The Best Trans Girl I've Seen In Anime". *Crunchyroll*. Archived from the original on May 9, 2021. Retrieved April 4, 2023.
16. "Zombie Land Saga: The Complete Series Review • Anime UK News". *Anime UK News*. February 10, 2020. Archived from the original on February 26, 2021. Retrieved April 4, 2023.
17. "Anime Feminist Recommendations of Fall 2018". *Anime Feminist*. December 29, 2018. Archived from the original on January 17, 2023. Retrieved April 4, 2023.
18. "CR Features Argues About Best Girl of 2018". *Crunchyroll*. January 7, 2019. Archived from the original on January 17, 2023. Retrieved April 4, 2023.
19. Osmond, Andrew (December 19, 2019). Cox, Gemma (ed.). "Zombie Land Saga". *NEO*. No. 195. p. 37.
20. "Go Go Neverland SAGA". *Zombie Land Saga*. Episode 8. November 22, 2018. Event occurs at 12:05.
21. Haddick, Alicia (February 25, 2021). "Hoshikawa Lily Can't Be an Anime Trans Icon Until She's Allowed to Be". *OTAQUEST*. Archived from the original on January 17, 2023. Retrieved August 31, 2022.
22. Valens, Ana (November 26, 2018). "Twitter is falling in love with this anime's zombie trans girl". *The Daily Dot*. Archived from the original on November 28, 2018. Retrieved April 3, 2023.
23. Gramuglia, Anthony (October 5, 2019). "LGBTQA Rep in Japanese Anime & Games Is Misunderstood By Fans". *CBR*. Archived from the original on January 17, 2023. Retrieved April 4, 2023.
24. Cadorniga, Carlos. "Let Trans Characters Be Trans: The "Trap" Trope Is Still a Slur - Popdust". *www.popdust.com*. Archived from the original on April 17, 2023. Retrieved April 17, 2023.
25. "Demon Slayer, Dr. Stone, Zombie Land Saga Buzzwords Make Gadget Tsūshin 2019 List". *Anime News Network*. Archived from the original on December 8, 2019. Retrieved April 4, 2023.
26. "Zombie Land Saga's Lily Becomes Example in U.K Parliament Talks on Twitter Abuse". *Anime News Network*. Archived from the original on November 27, 2019. Retrieved April 4, 2023.
27. "The Writing on the Wall: Marginalised Communities and Graffiti as Resistance | Cynfas". *Museum Wales*. Archived from the original on May 19, 2022. Retrieved April 4, 2023.
28. Cox, Gemma, ed. (December 19, 2019). "Preview Guide". *NEO*. No. 195. p. 13.
29. Lewis, Helen \[@helenlewis\] (April 29, 2019). "Got to say I am absolute TENTERHOOKS to see if this tweet violates Twitter's TOS. (The implied death tweet is one thing, but god, does it have to be so \*twee\*?)" (Tweet). Archived from the original on June 13, 2019  via Twitter.
30. "UK Parliament Uses Popular Anime to Highlight Twitter's Toxic Landscape". *ComicBook.com*. Archived from the original on January 17, 2023. Retrieved April 4, 2023.
31. Baron, Reuben (March 25, 2021). "Remembering Zombie Land Saga's Trailblazing Legacy Ahead of Season 2". *CBR*. Archived from the original on March 26, 2021. Retrieved April 4, 2023.
32. *Human Rights Committee Wednesday 1 May 2019*. May 1, 2019. Event occurs at 15:27:27. Archived from the original on April 5, 2023. Retrieved April 5, 2023  via parliamentlive.tv.
33. "J.K. Rowling Compares Zombie Land Saga TERF Meme to Anti-Suffragist Art". *Anime News Network*. Archived from the original on February 1, 2023. Retrieved April 4, 2023.
34. Leung, Hilary (January 31, 2023). "J.K. Rowling Under Fire for Comparing Zombie Land Saga TERF Meme to Anti-Suffragist Art". *CBR*. Archived from the original on April 3, 2023. Retrieved April 4, 2023.

## InfoBox

| Lily Hoshikawa | |
| --- | --- |
| *Zombie Land Saga* character | |
|  | |
| First appearance | *Zombie Land Saga*, episode 1: "Good Morning SAGA" |
| Created by | MAPPA |
| Portrayed by | Riri Takanashi (stage play) |
| Voiced by | **Japanese**
Minami Tanaka
**English**
Sarah Wiedenheft |
| In-universe information | |
| Full name | Lily Hoshikawa (currently)
Masao Go (deadname) |
| Alias | Number 6 (6号, *Roku-gō*) |
| Species | Human (deceased)
Zombie (currently) |
| Gender | Transgender female |
| Occupation | Child actor
Idol |
| Family | Takeo Go (father) |


title: Notts Trades Council

abstract: The Notts Trades Council, formally known as the Nottinghamshire Nottingham and Mansfield Trades Council, brings together trade unionists in Nottinghamshire, in England.

text:
# Notts Trades Council

The **Notts Trades Council**, formally known as the **Nottinghamshire Nottingham and Mansfield Trades Council**, brings together trade unionists in Nottinghamshire, in England.

## Forerunners

In 1861, a group of employers in Nottingham established a local Chamber of Commerce. This inspired trade unionists in the city, including William H. Leatherland, to form the Nottingham **Association of Organised Trades**. They aimed to settle disputes through negotiations, rather than industrial action, and more generally to unite trade unionists and encourage local trade unions to be run more efficiently.

The association maintained a low level of activity through the 1860s, supporting the Derbyshire and Nottinghamshire Miners' Association during its strike of 1866 and 1867, and the London tailors during their strike in 1867. It was represented at the short-lived United Kingdom Alliance of Organised Trades, and also in early meetings of the Trades Union Congress (TUC). In 1872, it hosted the congress, and Leatherland served as President of the TUC. Soon after this, it changed its name to the **Nottingham Organised Trades Council**.

In 1875, local disputes led to the formation of a rival Nottingham Federated Trades Council. Initially, the Organised Trades continued to grow, and by 1878 it represented more than 6,000 members, via an executive with forty members. The most important unions represented were the Amalgamated Society of Operative Lace Makers and Auxiliary Workers and the Rotary Framework Knitters. However, over the next few years, both councils declined in membership, and important unions such as the Amalgamated Society of Carpenters and Joiners (ASC&J), Nottinghamshire Miners' Association, Amalgamated Society of Railway Servants (ASRS), and Amalgamated Society of Engineers (ASE), were not affiliated to either.

In 1884, the Organised Trades worked with the Federated Trades, and the local Building Trades Council, to form a United Trades Council of Nottingham. Initially, this consisted of a committee with four representatives from each council, but the secretaries of the local branches of the ASE and ASC&J were soon added, and the council began practical solidarity work, supporting a local bricklayers' strike, and then organising a demonstration to encourage lace makers in Long Eaton to unionise. Other actions were unsuccessful, including lobbying against mistreatment of checkweighmen who were active trade unionists, and against Nottingham Town Council awarding building contracts to companies based outside the city.

At the 1885 UK general election, John Burns of the Social Democratic Federation stood in Nottingham West. While some individual trade unionists supported him, the Organised Trades passed a motion stating that it was not backing any candidate. Most leading figures supported the Liberal-Labour movement, and after Henry Broadhurst won the seat at the 1886 UK general election, the union council wrote to William Gladstone to thank him for appointing Broadhurst as Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department.

Sam Bower and William Bailey were both adopted as Liberal-Labour candidates for the town council in 1889, although the United Trades Council remained officially non-political. Four delegates to the Building Trades Council instead gave their backing to a Conservative Party candidate. The ill-feeling generated by this led the Building Trades Council to withdraw from the United Trades Council. This spurred the Organised Trades and the Federated Trades to merge, forming the **Nottingham Trades Council**.

## History

The trades council first met on 19 July 1890. It initially had affiliations from 21 trade union branches, but another 17 affiliated before the end of 1891, including the Miners, the ASRS, and the new National Union of Gas Workers and General Labourers. Inspired by the New Unionism movement, one of its first acts was to host a talk by Emilia Dilke of the Women's Trade Union League, and this led to the establishment of a union of women hosiery workers.

The council began supporting political candidates, the first being John Skerritt, who stood in Wollaton without the backing of the Liberal Party. Skerritt was a joiner, and this convinced the Building Trades Council to work with the Nottingham Trades Council and some local socialists, forming the Workers' Electoral Federation in March 1891. This organisation was affiliated to the Labour Electoral Association, and endorsed trade unionists who stood for any political party, including Harry Collier who stood for the Conservatives. Skerritt was elected, but three other candidates were unsuccessful, and the organisation was soon replaced by an Independent Labour Union.

During the 1890s, the council spent much time supporting member unions who were involved in disputes, and also raised money for trade unionists who were unable to work. In 1897, it persuaded the town council to place contracts with suppliers which paid agreed trade union rates. It grew in scope in 1903, when the Beeston Trades Council affiliated. It stood candidates for the School Board and the Board of Guardians, and by 1905 had five members on the latter body. At the 1906 UK general election, Arthur Richardson was elected in Nottingham South, and he often consulted with the trades council on how to vote in Parliament.

By 1908, the council represented 40,000 workers in 65 trade unions, and it grew further when the Building Trades Council finally merged in. Interest in syndicalism rose, although the city was not in the forefront of the movement. Later, the council became known for the Communist Party of Great Britain members among its leadership, with Ernie Cant important around 1930, and Jack Charlesworth becoming the secretary in 1950.

The council was eventually renamed as the **Nottingham and District Trades Council**, then as the **Nottingham and District Trades Union Council**, and eventually as the **Nottinghamshire Nottingham and Mansfield Trades Council**.

### Secretaries

1890: John Jepson 1894: W. L. Hardstaffe 1899: John Thorneloe c.1910: George Thundercliffe 1931: Ernest Button 1950: Jack Charlesworth 1970: 1980s: Ian Juniper 2006: Richard Buckwell 2010s: Paul Martin/ Liam Conway 2021 - present: Alan Barker

## Further reading

Nottingham and District Trades Council (1990) *Nottingham and District Trades Council Centenary*.  1. Wyncoll, Peter Harold (1982). *The Labour Movement in Nottingham: 1880-1918* (PDF). Milton Keynes: Open University. p. 36. Retrieved 4 April 2019.
2. Alan R. Griffin, *The Miners of Nottinghamshire*, vol.I, pp.11-24
3. Worley, Matthew (2002). *Class Against Class: The Communist Party in Britain Between the Wars*. I. B. Tauris. p. 35. ISBN 1860647472.
4. Hayes, Nick (1996). *Consensus and controversy: city politics in Nottingham, 1945-66*. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. ISBN 0853235716.
5. "Records of the Nottingham and District Trades Union Council, 1883-2002". *Archives Hub*. Jisc. Retrieved 4 April 2019.


title: 1928 in American television

abstract: This is a list of American television-related events in 1928.

text:
# 1928 in American television

This is a **list of American television**-related events in 1928.

## Events

* January 13 - WRGB claims to be the world's oldest television station, tracing its roots to an experimental station founded on January 13, 1928. It was broadcasting from the General Electric factory in Schenectady, New York, under the call letters **W2XB**.
* July 2 - The first regularly scheduled television service in the United States began on July 2, 1928. The Federal Radio Commission authorized Charles Francis Jenkins to broadcast from experimental station W3XK in Wheaton, Maryland. For at least the first eighteen months, 48-line silhouette images from motion picture film were broadcast. Beginning in the summer of 1929, Jenkins occasionally broadcast in halftones.
* August 14 - Hugo Gernsback's New York City-based radio station began a regular, if limited, schedule of live television broadcasts on August 14, 1928, using 48-line images. Working with only one transmitter, the station alternated radio broadcasts with silent television images of the station's call sign, faces in motion, and wind-up toys in motion. Speaking later that month, Gernsback downplayed the broadcasts, intended for amateur experimenters. "In six months we may have television for the public, but so far we have not got it."
* September 3 - The American inventor Philo Farnsworth held a demonstration of his image dissector camera tube for the press. This is widely regarded as the first electronic television demonstration. Many inventors had built electromechanical television systems before Farnsworth's seminal contribution, but Farnsworth designed and built the world's first working all-electronic television system, employing electronic scanning in both the pickup and display devices.
* September 11 -General Electric's experimental television station in Schenectady, New York was on the air sporadically since January 13, 1928. It is considered to be the direct predecessor of current television station WRGB. It was able to broadcast reflected-light, 48-line images via shortwave as far as Los Angeles. By September, the station was making four television broadcasts weekly. On September 11, the station broadcast *The Queen's Messenger*, a one-act play. It was the world's first live drama on television.The teleplay starred retired actress Izetta Jewel. It was noted by the viewers that in the television receivers she appeared trimmer than in real life and that television made a person look slimmer and younger. *The Brooklyn Daily Eagle* newspaper in an article at the time observed that even the heavy set opera singer Ernestine Schumann-Heink would look like a charming slender woman if on television.
* Specific date unknown -
    + The Italian inventor Augusto Bissiri had completed the first demonstration of the transmission of images was in 1906. He transmitted a photograph image from one room to another. In 1917, Bissiri transmitted an image from London to New York City. In 1928, Bissiri patented his apparatus in Los Angeles.
    + In 1928, the Baird Television Development Company/Cinema Television (owned by the Scottish inventor John Logie Baird) broadcast the first transatlantic television signal,from London to Hartsdale, New York. It also broadcast the first shore-to-ship transmission.
    + In 1928, the American inventor Vladimir Zworykin received a patent for a color transmission version of the electronic camera tube which he had introduced in 1923.

## Births

## Deaths

## Sources


title: The Quiet Achiever

abstract: The Quiet Achiever, also known as the Holden Solar Trek, was the world's first practical long-distance solar-powered car powered entirely by photovoltaic solar cells. The project was promoted by adventurer Hans Tholstrup, with the Australian-made car developed by Larry Perkins and his brother Garry; and sponsored by BP. In December 1982, the car, driven by Hans Tholstrup and Larry Perkins, performed the first manned transcontinental journey using only solar power, traversing Australia from west to east.

text:
# The Quiet Achiever

**The Quiet Achiever**, also known as the **Holden Solar Trek**, was the world's first practical long-distance solar-powered car powered entirely by photovoltaic solar cells.

The project was promoted by adventurer Hans Tholstrup, with the Australian-made car developed by Larry Perkins and his brother Garry; and sponsored by BP. In December 1982, the car, driven by Hans Tholstrup and Larry Perkins, performed the first manned transcontinental journey using only solar power, traversing Australia from west to east.

## Description

The Quiet Achiever was hand-built by Larry and Garry Perkins. The body skin was made of fiberglass, while the skeleton framework was constructed of steel tubing, similar to what might be used in lightweight aircraft. The car had a large curved frontal window for the driver to see through, and side windows of clear fiberglass. The vehicle had a photovoltaic power system rated at 1 kilowatt, which powered it to an average speed of 14 miles per hour (23 km/h). The car's roof-mounted solar array consisted of two rows of ten 36-cell solar panels that were joined, giving a total roof area of around 91 square feet (8.5 m2).

## History

### Development

Hans Thostrup initially had the idea of auto racing using solar energy because he was interested in conserving non-renewable resources. He and Larry Perkins were inspired by the Sunmobile, a solar-powered miniature car built by General Motors which was publicly demonstrated in Chicago, United States, in 1955. BP sponsored the Quiet Achiever project, which was labelled the BP Solar Trek.

### Trans-Australia journey

In December 1982 and January 1983, Tholstrup, along with Perkins, drove the car across Australia from Perth to the Sydney Opera House, travelling over 2,500 miles (4,000 kilometers) in under 20 days. By contrast, the first gasoline/petrol powered car took 30 days to do the same trip.

The Quiet Achiever's route was a 2,560-mile (4,130-km) west-to-east course which started on 19 December 1982 in Scarborough, a suburb of Perth, and finished in Sydney on 7 January 1983. The trek went through Southern Cross near Perth before passing through Coolgardie, Norseman, Cocklebiddy, Eucla, Ceduna, Port Augusta, Peterborough, Broken Hill, Wilcannia, Narromine, Dubbo, Orange, Bathurst and Katoomba, eventually ending at the Sydney Opera House. During the journey, thousands of spectators, including the indigenous people of the Nullarbor Plain, gathered to watch the Quiet Achiever pass by. In addition, the Confederation of Australian Motor Sport (CAMS) monitored the Quiet Achiever throughout its journey to ensure that only solar energy was used to power the vehicle. When the car arrived in Sydney, thousands gathered to watch it approach the Sydney Opera House. It completed a lap of the Mount Panorama Circuit in 18 minutes 45 seconds.

When the journey started at Scarborough Beach, a bottle of seawater from the Indian Ocean was obtained. This water was carried across Australia, before finally being ceremoniously poured into the Pacific Ocean at Sydney.

### Influence after event

The success of the Quiet Achiever's trek led Tholstrup to found the annual World Solar Challenge, a solar-powered racing contest, in Australia in 1987. The World Solar Challenge is widely considered to be the world championship of solar car racing. The Quiet Achiever itself is now in the collection of the National Museum of Australia in Canberra.


title: Okahatta Creek

abstract: Okahatta Creek is a stream in the U.S. state of Mississippi. It is a tributary to Chunky River. Okahatta Creek is a name derived from the Choctaw language purported to mean either "white water" or "large pond". Variant names are "Oakahatta Creek", "Okakatta Creek", and "Oon Bogue Creek".

text:
# Okahatta Creek

**Okahatta Creek** is a stream in the U.S. state of Mississippi. It is a tributary to Chunky River.

*Okahatta Creek* is a name derived from the Choctaw language purported to mean either "white water" or "large pond". Variant names are "Oakahatta Creek", "Okakatta Creek", and "Oon Bogue Creek".

## InfoBox

| Okahatta Creek | |
| --- | --- |
| Okahatta Creek | |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Mississippi |
| Physical characteristics | |
|  | |
| Source |  |
| coordinates | 32°30′39″N 89°08′52″W / 32.5106952°N 89.1478369°W / 32.5106952; -89.1478369 |
|  | |
| Mouth |  |
| coordinates | 32°19′22″N 88°58′37″W / 32.322644°N 88.9769986°W / 32.322644; -88.9769986 |
| Length | 20.39 mi (32.81 km) |


title: Nederland, Overijssel

abstract: Nederland is a hamlet in the municipality Steenwijkerland in the province Overijssel, Netherlands. It has a population of about 15. 'Nederland' is the Dutch name for the Netherlands. Because of the comical value of the toponym, roadsigns with the name 'Nederland' are stolen frequently. It was first mentioned between 1830 and 1855 as 't Nederland, and means "low-lying land". Nederland has a statistical entry, and its own postal code. Originally, it was only accessible by boat. In 1840, it was home to 182 people, and was a peat excavation village. The Dutch beer company Bavaria has used Nederland in a commercial. In the commercial two men are giving away beer in the hamlet. It ends with: Bavaria, popular throughout Nederland. The hamlet was pictured on a Dutch postage stamp.

text:
# Nederland, Overijssel

**Nederland** is a hamlet in the municipality Steenwijkerland in the province Overijssel, Netherlands. It has a population of about 15. 'Nederland' is the Dutch name for the Netherlands. Because of the comical value of the toponym, roadsigns with the name 'Nederland' are stolen frequently.

It was first mentioned between 1830 and 1855 as 't Nederland, and means "low-lying land". Nederland has a statistical entry, and its own postal code. Originally, it was only accessible by boat. In 1840, it was home to 182 people, and was a peat excavation village.

The Dutch beer company Bavaria has used Nederland in a commercial. In the commercial two men are giving away beer in the hamlet. It ends with (in translation): *Bavaria, popular throughout Nederland.*

The hamlet was pictured on a Dutch postage stamp.

1. "Kerncijfers wijken en buurten 2021". *Central Bureau of Statistics*. Retrieved 16 March 2022.
2. "Postcodetool for 8362VA". *Actueel Hoogtebestand Nederland* (in Dutch). Het Waterschapshuis. Retrieved 16 March 2022.
3. "Nederland (Steenwijkerland)". *Plaatsengids* (in Dutch). Retrieved 16 March 2022.
4. "Nederland - (geografische naam)". *Etymologiebank* (in Dutch). Retrieved 16 March 2022.
5. "Postcode 8362 in Nederland". *Postcode bij adres* (in Dutch). Retrieved 16 March 2022.
6. "Overzicht 15 jaar Mooi Nederland-emissies (2005-2019)". *Postzegelblog* (in Dutch). Retrieved 16 March 2022.
* De Grote Bosatlas 51e editie - Wolters Noordhoff

## InfoBox

| Nederland | |
| --- | --- |
| Hamlet | |
| A view of Nederland | |
| NederlandLocation in the NetherlandsNederlandNederland (Netherlands) | |
| Coordinates: 52°45′21″N 5°57′46″E / 52.75583°N 5.96278°E / 52.75583; 5.96278 | |
| Country | Netherlands |
| Province | Overijssel |
| Municipality | Steenwijkerland |
| Area | |
| Total | 1.15 km2 (0.44 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 0 m (0 ft) |
| Population (2021) | |
| Total | 15 |
| Density | 13/km2 (34/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 8362 |
| Dialing code | 0527 |