title: Leventritt Competition

abstract: The Leventritt Competition was a highly prestigious international competition for classical pianists and violinists. It was founded in 1939 by the Edgar M. Leventritt Foundation Inc. of Cold Spring, New York, in memory of jurist Edgar M. Leventritt. The Leventritt Competition has now been discontinued. More recently, the Cliburn contest in Fort Worth, Texas, has attracted more publicity. The Leventritt award was sparingly given, and there was no award presented if the judges felt the required standard was not achieved.

text:
# Leventritt Competition

The **Leventritt Competition** was a highly prestigious international competition for classical pianists and violinists. It was founded in 1939 by the Edgar M. Leventritt Foundation Inc. of Cold Spring, New York, in memory of jurist Edgar M. Leventritt. The Leventritt Competition has now been discontinued.

More recently, the Cliburn contest in Fort Worth, Texas, has attracted more publicity. The Leventritt award was sparingly given, and there was no award presented if the judges felt the required standard was not achieved.

## Award winners

## Bibliography


title: Weak inverse

abstract: In mathematics, the term weak inverse is used with several meanings.

text:
# Weak inverse

In mathematics, the term **weak inverse** is used with several meanings.

## Theory of semigroups

In the theory of semigroups, a weak inverse of an element *x* in a semigroup (*S*, •) is an element *y* such that *y**x**y* = *y*. If every element has a weak inverse, the semigroup is called an *E*-inversive or *E*-dense semigroup. An *E*-inversive semigroup may equivalently be defined by requiring that for every element *x**S*, there exists *y**S* such that *x**y* and *y**x* are idempotents.

An element *x* of *S* for which there is an element *y* of *S* such that *x**y**x* = *x* is called regular. A regular semigroup is a semigroup in which every element is regular. This is a stronger notion than weak inverse. Every regular semigroup is *E*-inversive, but not vice versa.

If every element *x* in *S* has a unique inverse *y* in *S* in the sense that *x**y**x* = *x* and *y**x**y* = *y* then *S* is called an inverse semigroup.

## Category theory

In category theory, a weak inverse of an object *A* in a monoidal category *C* with monoidal product ⊗ and unit object *I* is an object *B* such that both *A**B* and *B**A* are isomorphic to the unit object *I* of *C*. A monoidal category in which every morphism is invertible and every object has a weak inverse is called a 2-group.


title: Tony Hunt (Australian footballer)

abstract: Tony Hunt is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Richmond in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

text:
# Tony Hunt (Australian footballer)

**Tony Hunt** (born 10 May 1952) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with Richmond in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

## InfoBox

| Tony Hunt | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | Tony Hunt | | |
| Date of birth | (1952-05-10) 10 May 1952 | | |
| Original team(s) | De La Salle Old Collegians | | |
| Height | 183 cm (6 ft 0 in) | | |
| Weight | 81 kg (179 lb) | | |
| Position(s) | Bench | | |
| Playing career1 | | | |
| Years | **Club** | **Games (Goals)** |
| 1972 | Richmond | 1 (0) |
| 1 Playing statistics correct to the end of 1972. | | | |
| Career highlights | | | |
| Finding oppositions golf ball to lose board event at Huntingdale Lost Thailand teams amateur open by 3 putting the final hole.
 | | | |
| Sources: AFL Tables, AustralianFootball.com | | | |


title: Quinta do Relógio

abstract: Quinta do Relógio is a quinta located near the historic center of Sintra, on the Portuguese Riviera. It is classified as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO within the "Cultural Landscape of Sintra". Along with the nearby palaces such as Seteais Palace and the Quinta da Regaleira next to it, it is considered one of the tourist attractions of Sintra. The property consists of a romantic palace and chapel, and a park. Relógio was featured in numerous publications internationally including Variety magazine, and Architectural Digest, when pop star Madonna reportedly purchased the property.

text:
# Quinta do Relógio

***Quinta do Relógio*** (literal translation: *Clock Tower Estate*) is a quinta located near the historic center of Sintra, on the Portuguese Riviera. It is classified as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO within the "Cultural Landscape of Sintra". Along with the nearby palaces such as Seteais Palace and the Quinta da Regaleira next to it, it is considered one of the tourist attractions of Sintra. The property consists of a romantic palace and chapel, and a park. Relógio was featured in numerous publications internationally including *Variety* magazine, and *Architectural Digest*, when pop star Madonna reportedly purchased the property.

## History

The estate, or *quinta* in Portuguese, was acquired by José de Sousa Coutinho, 15th Count of Redondo during the second half of the 18th century. During the reign of Dom Pedro V of Portugal, the architect António Manuel da Fonseca Jr. was commissioned to design and construct the palace. His design was influenced by Romanticism and Mudéjar Moorish Revival architecture with Neo-Manueline elements. The style is similar to nearby Monserrate Palace and elements of Pena Palace. The Islamic architectural influence is in reference to when the region was a part of the wider Muslim Gharb Al-Andalus until the 13th century.

Later, the estate was acquired by a millionaire who ordered the construction of a clock tower (in Portuguese: *Relógio*) that would give the estate its name. The clock tower was later demolished and it is unclear where exactly its location was.

In May 1886 crown prince Dom Carlos and princess Amélie of Orléans spent part of their honeymoon here.

The estate had fallen into disrepair, and had been put up for sale.

It was classified in 1997 as a property of public interest and included as part of the World Heritage Site "Cultural Landscape of Sintra".

## Architecture

The palace is considered one of the most important monuments of the Portuguese Moorish Revival style. It is on the perimeter of the Natural Park of Sintra-Cascais.

Above the main entrance there is an Arabic inscription which reads: "Wa lā ghāliba illā-llāh (There is no victor but God)" which was the motto of the Emir of Granada.

The house has four floors with about 1500m2 of floor area. The estate has an area of 22.144m2. Next to the actual palace is also the house of servants, which has been refurbished.

## Park

The garden is designed in a romantic style with a lake, several springs and fountains and is surrounded by lush greenery with rare species such as pines, centuries-old oak trees, palm trees, cedars, magnolias, camellias and fuchsias, among many others.

The park offers views towards the Castle of the Moors.

Media related to Quinta do Relógio at Wikimedia Commons

38°47′46.82″N 9°23′43.05″W / 38.7963389°N 9.3952917°W / 38.7963389; -9.3952917


title: Type C2 ship

abstract: Type C2 ships were designed by the United States Maritime Commission (MARCOM) in 1937–38. They were all-purpose cargo ships with five holds, and U.S. shipyards built 328 of them from 1939 to 1945. Compared to ships built before 1939, the C2s were remarkable for their speed and fuel economy. Their design speed was 15.5 knots (28.7 km/h), but some could make 19 knots (35 km/h) on occasion. The first C2s were 459 feet (140 m) long, 63 feet (19 m) broad, and 40 feet (12 m) deep, with a 25-foot (8 m) draft. Later ships varied somewhat in size. Some, intended for specific trade routes, were built with significant modifications in length and capacity. In 1937, MARCOM distributed tentative designs for criticism by shipbuilders, ship owners, and naval architects. The final designs incorporated many changes suggested by these constituencies. The ships were to be reasonably fast but economical cargo ships which, with some government subsidies to operators, could compete with vessels of other nations. Building costs were to be minimized by standardization of design and equipment, and the ships were to have sufficient speed and stability that they could be used as naval auxiliaries in time of national emergency. The basic specifications called for a five-hold steel cargo ship with raked stem and cruiser stern, complete shelter and second decks, and a third deck in Nos. 1–4 holds. Dimensions of the hatches were 20 ft × 30 ft, except for No. 2, which was 20 ft × 50 ft, allowing such cargo as locomotives, naval guns, long bars, etc. Ventilation to the holds was provided by hollow kingposts, which also served as cargo masts. Cargo handling gear consisted of fourteen 5-ton cargo booms, plus two 30-ton booms at Nos. 3 and 4 hatches. Living accommodations were much improved over previous designs, with crew accommodations amidships, officers quarters on the boat deck, and the captain's quarters on the bridge deck, along with the wheelhouse, chartroom, gyro and radio room. Hot and cold running water was provided throughout. Many of the ships such as SS Donald McKay were converted by the U.S. Navy for service during World War II. The commercial versions were operated by the government during the war. Beginning in late 1945, the commercial ships were sold to merchant shipping lines, with service until the early 1970s.

text:
# Type C2 ship

**Type C2 ships** were designed by the United States Maritime Commission (MARCOM) in 1937–38. They were all-purpose cargo ships with five holds, and U.S. shipyards built 328 of them from 1939 to 1945. Compared to ships built before 1939, the C2s were remarkable for their speed and fuel economy. Their design speed was 15.5 knots (28.7 km/h), but some could make 19 knots (35 km/h) on occasion. The first C2s were 459 feet (140 m) long, 63 feet (19 m) broad, and 40 feet (12 m) deep, with a 25-foot (8 m) draft. Later ships varied somewhat in size. Some, intended for specific trade routes, were built with significant modifications in length and capacity.

In 1937, MARCOM distributed tentative designs for criticism by shipbuilders, ship owners, and naval architects. The final designs incorporated many changes suggested by these constituencies. The ships were to be reasonably fast but economical cargo ships which, with some government subsidies to operators, could compete with vessels of other nations. Building costs were to be minimized by standardization of design and equipment, and the ships were to have sufficient speed and stability that they could be used as naval auxiliaries in time of national emergency.

The basic specifications called for a five-hold steel cargo ship with raked stem and cruiser stern, complete shelter and second decks, and a third deck in Nos. 1–4 holds. Dimensions of the hatches were 20 ft × 30 ft (6 m × 9 m), except for No. 2, which was 20 ft × 50 ft (6 m × 15 m), allowing such cargo as locomotives, naval guns, long bars, etc. Ventilation to the holds was provided by hollow kingposts, which also served as cargo masts. Cargo handling gear consisted of fourteen 5-ton cargo booms, plus two 30-ton booms at Nos. 3 and 4 hatches.

Living accommodations were much improved over previous designs, with crew accommodations amidships, officers quarters on the boat deck, and the captain's quarters on the bridge deck, along with the wheelhouse, chartroom, gyro and radio room. Hot and cold running water was provided throughout.

Many of the ships such as SS *Donald McKay* were converted by the U.S. Navy for service during World War II. The commercial versions were operated by the government during the war. Beginning in late 1945, the commercial ships were sold to merchant shipping lines, with service until the early 1970s.

## Cost

According to the War Production Board, in 1943 the C-2 had a relative cost of $313 per deadweight ton (10,800 deadweight tonnage) for $3,380,400; which at $14 to $1 inflation of 1945 to 2020 amounts to $48,136,896

## Ships in class

Subtypes of C2 Type ships
| Type | Total (328) | DWT | Builders | Example |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| C2-S-B1 | 115 | 9,150 | Federal SB, NJ
Moore DD, CA
Consolidated, CA
Western Pipe&Steel, CA | USNS *Bald Eagle* |
| C2-S-AJ1 | 64 | 10,755 | North Carolina SB, NC | USS *Adirondack* and USS *Great Sitkin* |
| C2-S-AJ3 | 32 | 11,300 | North Carolina | USS *Tolland* |
| C2-S-E1 | 30 | 10,565 | Gulf SB, AL | USS *Wayne* |
| C2 | 20 | 9,758 | Federal SB
Sun Yards, PA
Newport News, VA
Tampa SB | USS *Polaris* |
| C2-S-AJ5 | 10 | 10,400 | North Carolina | SS *American Scout* |
| C2-F | 7 | 9,390 | Federal SB | USS *Oberon* |
| C2-S | 6 | 9,970 | Bethlehem Sparrows Point, MD | USS *Alhena* |
| C2-S-B1-R | 6 | 7,640 | Moore Dry Dock |  |
| C2-S-AJ4 | 6 | 9,652 | North Carolina | (Santa ships) as in SS *Santa Luisa* |
| C2-S-AJ2 | 5 | 10,350 | North Carolina | USS *Southampton* |
| C2-SU-R | 5 | 8,595 | Sun Yards, PA | MS *Stag Hound* |
| C2-T | 4 | 8,656 | Tampa SB, FL | USS *Shasta* |
| C2-S-A1 | 4 | 8,130 | Bath Iron Works, ME | SS *Empire Oriole* |
| C2-SU | 3 | 9,620 | Sun Yards, PA |  |
| C2-S1-B1 | 3 | 7,640 | Moore Dry Dock |  |
| C2-S1-DG2 | 3 | 8,720 | Federal SB | three cargo-passenger ship: SS *Santa Monica*, SS *Santa Clara* and SS *Santa Sofia* |
| C2-N | 3 | 6,350 | Tampa SB | three ships: USS *Akutan*, USS *Mauna Loa* and USS *Mazama* |
| C2-G | 2 | 9,020 | Federal SB | two ships SS *Santa Elisa* and SS *Santa Rita* were both torpedoed in 1942. |

### Modified and redesignated

## Notable incidents

* *Highflier* a C2-S-B, exploded and sank in 1947.
* *Wild Rover* a C2-S-B1, renamed *Mormackite*, capsized in heavy seas and sank off Cape Henry on 7 October 1954. Survivors were attacked by sharks.
* USS *Starlight*, a C2-S-AJ1, on 26 December 1969 with a full load of 8,900 bombs, rockets, shells and mines bound for Da Nang, South Vietnam, cargo shifted and a bomb went off in rough seas. On 5 January 1970 she sank north of Midway Atoll. Twenty-nine members of her crew died during the evacuation.
* USS *Towner*, a C2-S-AJ3, renamed SS *Guam Bear*, was wrecked and sank in 1967. She was in a collision outside Apra Harbor, Guam. A constructive total loss, the hulk was towed 2 nautical miles (3.7 km; 2.3 mi) off shore and scuttled.
* SS *American Shipper*, a C2-S-AJ5. Delivered December 1945. Sank in 1974 in the Balintang Channel, 400 miles (640 km) southeast of Hong Kong.
* SS *Santa Elisa* was torpedoed in 1942 and sank off Tunisia.
* SS *Santa Rita* was torpedoed in 1942, sank in North Atlantic.
* SS *Louise Lykes* was torpedoed and sank in the North Atlantic in 1943.
* SS *Shooting Star* was torpedoed and sank in South Atlantic in 1943. One US Armed Guard killed.
* USS *Pollux* was wrecked and sank off Newfoundland in 1942.
* USS *Mount Hood* exploded and sank in the Admiralty Islands in 1944.
* SS *Fairport* was torpedoed and sank in the North Atlantic in 1942.
* SS *Santa Catalina* was torpedoed and sank off Georgia 1943.
* SS *African Star* was torpedoed and sank in the South Atlantic in 1942.
* SS African Dawn (CH-111) collided with a tanker in convoy, 2300 hrs, Oct 28 1943.

## Citations

## General and cited references

* Lane, Frederic C. (21 September 2001). *Ships for Victory: A History of Shipbuilding under the U.S. Maritime Commission in World War II*. JHU Press. ISBN 0-8018-6752-5.
* Sawyer, L. A. & Mitchell, W. H. (1981). *From America to United States: The History of the long-range Merchant Shipbuilding Programme of the United States Maritime Commission*. London: World Ship Society.
* United States Maritime Commission C2 Type Ships

## InfoBox

| USS *Whiteside* anchored in San Francisco Bay, circa 1948, a Type C2-S-B1 ship | |
| --- | --- |
| Class overview | |
| Name | Type C2 ship |
| Builders |  |
| Cost | $3,380,400 (1945); $48,136,896 (2020) |
| Built | 1938–1946 (U.S. shipyards) |
| In service | 1938 – c. 1970 |
| In commission | 4 April 1941 (AF-11) |
| Completed | 328 (23 July 1938 – TBD) |
| Lost | 8 during hostilities |
| General characteristics | |
| Tonnage | 5,443 DWT (AF-11) |
| Displacement | 13,910 tons (AF-11) |
| Length | 459 ft 0 in (139.90 m) (design) |
| Beam | 63 ft 0 in (19.20 m) (design) |
| Draft | 25 ft 0 in (7.62 m) (design) |
| Depth | 40 ft 0 in (12.19 m) (design) |
| Propulsion | * two boilers, two turbines single propeller 6,000 shp (4,500 kW) (AF-11) or * diesel engines |
| Speed | * 15.5 knots (28.7 km/h) (design) * 19 knots (35 km/h) (maximum) |
| Complement | 287 (AF-11) |
| Armament |  |


title: Pema Tönyö Nyinje

abstract: Pema Dönyö Nyinje is the 12th Tai Situpa, a tulku in Tibetan Buddhism, and one of the leading figures of the Karma Kagyu school. He is the head of Palpung Monastery.

text:
# Pema Tönyö Nyinje

**Pema Dönyö Nyinje** (Tibetan: པདྨ་དོན་ཡོད་ཉིན་བྱེད, Wylie: *pad+ma don yod nyin byed*) (born 1954) is the 12th Tai Situpa, a tulku in Tibetan Buddhism, and one of the leading figures of the Karma Kagyu school. He is the head of Palpung Monastery.

## Life

Pema Tönyö Nyinje was born in 1954 in the village of Palmey, Palyul, Derge, Kham into a farming family named Liyultsang. He was enthroned at the age of 18 months as the 12th Tai Situ by Rangjung Rigpe Dorje, 16th Karmapa. At the age of 5 he was brought to Tsurphu Monastery. At the age of six he left Tibet for Bhutan, where King Jigme Dorji Wangchuck had been a disciple of the 11th Tai Situ. Later he was cared for at Rumtek Monastery in Sikkim, India, where he received his formal religious training from the 16th Karmapa.

The 16th Karmapa had been raised under the guidance of the 11th Tai Situ. The teacher-disciple relationship has served as a mechanism for the unbroken continuity within the Kagyu school. Chögyam Trungpa wrote in his book Born in Tibet: "Tai Situ Rinpoche, who was second in importance in the Karma Kagyu school, had died some years before and no reincarnation had been found. The Karmapa could now tell them where the incarnation had taken place. Everyone rejoiced and started immediately to make the preparations."

In 1974, at the age of 21, Pema Tönyö Nyinje went to Ladakh at the invitation from Druppon Dechen and stayed there for one year. In 1975, at the age of 22, he assumed his traditional responsibilities by founding Palpung Sherabling Monastery, at Baijnath, Himachal Pradesh, North India as his main seat in exile. In 2000, relics of the 8th Tai Situ were enthroned in a temple near the monastery.

## Activities

As a Buddhist teacher, the 12th Tai Situ traveled widely, making his first visit to the West in 1981 to Kagyu Samye Ling Monastery and Tibetan Centre in Scotland and visiting the United States in 1982. Since then, he has extensively traveled throughout North America, Europe and Southeast Asia. His teachings have since been published in nine English books. Further publications followed in the new millennium.

In 1989 Pema Tönyö Nyinje embarked on the Pilgrimage for Active Peace. Its 25 years' jubilee was celebrated in a two-day Peace Conclave that was held in Palpung Sherabling Monastery with guests and representatives from different World Religions.

Together with the 12th Goshir Gyaltshap Pema Tönyö Nyinje recognised Orgyen Trinley Dorje as the 17th Karmapa. He also recognized Choseng Trungpa, born on 6 February 1989 in Kham, as the reincarnation of Chögyam Trungpa.

On 21 February 2015, the Tai Situ opened Palpung Sherabling Monastery's newly built shedra, the Buddhist University for Higher Studies, Palpung Lungrig Jampal Ling, in a celebration. On 11 and 12 May 2015, the 14th Dalai Lama visited Palpung Sherabling Monastery in the presence of Jamgon Kongtrul, Khenchen Thrangu and representatives of all the Karma Kagyu monasteries in India, Nepal and Bhutan as well as representatives of the Sakya Trizin, Drikung Kyabgon, and Goshir Gyaltshab, in order to crown the completion of Palpung Sherabling Monastery having exactly the same departments and facilities as Palpung Monastery in Tibet Autonomous Region with the Ten Knowledges, a monastery with its monastic community, a Buddhist university, three-year retreats for both nuns and monks of the Marpa Kagyu and a Shangpa Kagyu retreat, as well as a reliquary temple. The Dalai Lama delivered a two-day teaching, preceded by a long-life empowerment and request for teachings offered by Tai Situpa.

## Karmapa controversy

During his lifetime, Tai Situ was a central figure in the current controversy within the Karma Kagyu lineage. He recognised Ogyen Trinley Dorje as the current (17th) Karmapa, as opposed to Trinley Thaye Dorje. Many high lamas within the lineage recognize Ogyen Trinley Dorje to be the current Karmapa, as does the 14th Dalai Lama and civil authorities in China.

## English books

* *Way to go. Sowing the Seed of Buddha*. 1985, ISBN 0-906181-04-6.
* *Tilopa: Some Glimpses of His Life* (1989)
* *Relative World, Ultimate Mind* (1992)
* *Awakening the Sleeping Buddha* (1996)
* *Mahamudra Teachings* (2002)
* *Aspiration Prayer of Mahamudra* (2002) with the third Karmapa
* *Ground, Path and Fruition* (2005)
* *Praises and Prostrations to the Twenty-one Taras*. Zhyisil Chokyi Ghatsal Trust, 2009, ISBN 978-1-877294-44-0.
* *Nectar of Dharma: The Sacred Advice*. Zhyisil Chokyi Ghatsal Trust, 2008, ISBN 1-877294-41-1 (volume one), ISBN 1-877294-42-X (volume two), ISBN 1-877294-43-8 (volume three).

## German books

1. "pad+ma don yod nyin byed". *Tibetan Buddhist Resource Center*. Tibetan Buddhist Resource Center.
2. Chamgon Kenting Tai Situpa (2009). *The Dorje Chang Thungma*. Palpung Publications. pp. 9–11. ISBN 978-1-877294-36-5.
3. Jamgong Kongtrul Lodrö Tayé; Ngawang Zangpo (1997). *Enthronement: the recognition of the reincarnate masters of Tibet and the Himalayas*. Snow Lion Publications. p. 166. ISBN 978-1-55939-083-5.
4. *Born in Tibet, Chögyam Trungpa, Shambala Publications, 1966*
5. "shes rab gling". *Tibetan Buddhist Resource Center*. TBRC. Retrieved 21 May 2015.
6. *Peace Conclave in Palpung Sherab Ling*
7. *Historic Visit of H. H. Dalai Lama in Palpung Sherabling*
8. Statement of Kunzig Shamar Rinpoche Concerning His Meeting with H.H. the Dalai Lama On June 20, 2000


title: When She Woke

abstract: When She Woke is a science fiction novel by American author Hillary Jordan, published in October 2011. It has been translated into French, Spanish, Turkish, German, Portuguese and Chinese. The novel is a dystopian reimagining of Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter, set in a future theocratic America where rather than being imprisoned and rehabilitated, criminals are punished by being "chromed" – having their skin color genetically altered to fit their crime – and released into the general population to survive as best they can.

text:
# When She Woke

***When She Woke*** is a science fiction novel by American author Hillary Jordan, published in October 2011. It has been translated into French, Spanish, Turkish, German, Portuguese and Chinese. The novel is a dystopian reimagining of Nathaniel Hawthorne's *The Scarlet Letter*, set in a future theocratic America where rather than being imprisoned and rehabilitated, criminals are punished by being "chromed" – having their skin color genetically altered to fit their crime – and released into the general population to survive as best they can.

## Plot

In an unspecified future 26-year-old Hannah Payne awakes in a prison cell having been chromed (i.e. having her skin altered) red for murder. Hannah lives in Texas after a great outbreak of a sexually transmitted infection caused the majority of women of the world to become sterile leading to widespread panic, the rise of Christianity, and the overturning of *Roe v. Wade*. Hannah belonged to a mega-church and after her father was the victim of a terror attack which threatened to leave him partially blind her family was offered comfort by the reverend Aidan Dale. Hannah and the reverend began an affair leading to Hannah's pregnancy. Unwilling to shame the married Dale, Hannah had an illegal abortion and was picked up immediately afterwards and convicted of the murder of her fetus. Because she refused to name her abortion care provider or Aidan, Hannah was sentenced to 16 years as a chrome, which also meant that she would be unable to bear children during that time because of an implant.

Hannah spends the first month of her sentence in isolation in prison where a live-feed broadcasts her image around the world. After her release her father manages to secure her a six-month stint at a half-way house called the Straight Path Centre. While there Hannah is forced to live in austerity and create a doll to represent her aborted fetus which she is supposed to treat like a child. There Hannah meets Kayla, a young woman who was chromed after shooting her step-father in the stomach for molesting her sister. A month into Hannah's residency Kayla decides to leave the centre to find her boyfriend. Though Kayla invited Hannah to come with her Hannah stays on an extra day, finally leaving after witnessing one of the Path councillors destroying the doll of a woman who is to be released causing her emotional distress.

Outside Hannah visits her sister but is kicked out by her brother-in-law, whom her sister warns her has become increasingly violent after joining the vigilante terror cell known as the "Fist" who beat and kill chromes. Hannah is then able to contact Kayla through a tracker that all chromes are forced to wear. They decide to leave Texas and go stay with Kayla's cousin, but on the road they are abducted by Simone and Paul, two people who turn out to have been saving them from Fist members intending to harm them. Hannah eventually realizes that their saviours are members of the Novemberists, a group of feminists who are pro-choice. The group did not intend to save Kayla and are reluctant to help her as her crime was not related to abortion, but they reluctantly help her at Hannah's insistence.

The goal of the Novemberists is to take Hannah and Kayla to Canada where abortion is legal and the chrome procedure can be reversed without harming them. However, on their first stop along the way to Canada the women are betrayed by their host, Stanton, whose mother was an abortion provider and who sells them to be used as prostitutes in order to pay for expensive renovations for his home. Hannah is rescued by Simone while Paul goes on a mission to save Kayla.

Hannah initiates sex with Simone and considers the possibility that she may be bisexual. She also asks Simone to give her the tools she needs to make it to Canada without having to depend on anyone again. Simone reluctantly agrees and gives her a van and a gun with which to make the trip. Despite promising Simone to head straight to the border, Hannah instead makes contact with Aidan and makes plans to meet with him at a cabin he owns.

Reunited Hannah and Aidan sleep together a final time. Aidan wants to confess to his wife and to the public about his affair but Hannah tells him not to, warning that they can never be together as his level of fame will attract attention leading to her and cause attention to the Novemberists putting them in danger. Aidan realizes that Hannah is right and the two part.

Hannah resumes her journey to go north to Canada. On the way there she sees a news report that Aidan publicly confessed to adultery without naming the woman he had an affair with and then collapsed of a heart attack. Hannah continues on and crosses the U.S. border into Québec, learning upon her arrival that Kayla is also safe.

## Recognition

It was long-listed for the 2013 International Dublin Literary Award and a finalist in the 2012 Lambda Literary Awards. It was a Booklist Editor's Choice for Best Fiction of 2011, one of BookPage's Best Books of 2011, one of Publishers Weekly's Top Ten Literary Fiction picks for the fall and the #1 Indie Next pick for October 2011.

## Reception

Reviews were mixed :

* Kathryn Savage writing in the *Star Tribune* concludes "An inventive tale about a new America that has lost its way—whose values echo fundamentalism – 'When She Woke' is, at its heart, a tense, energetic and lively paced story about self-discovery and reclamation in the wake of enormous shame. It is a story about the price of love."
* *The New York Times* was generally positive: "Jordan’s feverishly conceived dystopia holds its own alongside the dark inventions of Margaret Atwood and Ray Bradbury, but the novel’s cunning futuristic trappings can’t quite disguise its weather-beaten theme: a repressed young woman’s liberation from co-dependency and bankrupt self-esteem. The plot’s melodramatic turns are fed, and ultimately redeemed, by an unalloyed rage at the perceived trajectory of social freedoms in 21st-century America. If 'When She Woke' sometimes seems like a stunt, it’s a stunt with very sharp teeth."
* Carolyn See in *The Washington Post* is more negative: "The advertising for this novel recommends it to reading groups because women will want to discuss its big issues. I think they might end up screaming at each other instead. Ninety percent of the men here are cowards or brutes or would-be rapists; at least 50 percent of the Christians are full-on certifiable. 'When She Woke' seems to me to be primarily agitprop: ham-handed, disrespectful and quite dumb in places where it should be smart."

## InfoBox

When She Woke
| First edition | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Hillary Jordan |
| Language | English |
| Genre | Science fiction |
| Publisher | Algonquin Books (US)<br>HarperCollins (UK/Canada) |
| Publication date | October 2011 |
| Publication place | United States |
| Media type | Print |
| Pages | 344 |
| ISBN | 978-1-56512-629-9 |


title: Uwe Schwart

abstract: Uwe Schwart is a former U.S. soccer goalkeeper who earned one cap with the U.S. national team.

text:
# Uwe Schwart

**Uwe Schwart** is a former U.S. soccer goalkeeper who earned one cap with the U.S. national team.

## Professional career

In the early 1960s, Uwe Schwart played in Canada, first for Toronto Roma FC in the National Soccer League, and later in the Eastern Canada Professional Soccer League. In 1964, he returned to the Eastern Canada Professional Soccer League to play with Montreal Italica. He helped Toronto Roma win the 1961 National League title and then the 1962 Eastern Canada League title.

In 1964, he moved from Montreal to join New York Hota of the German American Soccer League. He then played for the New Yorkers in the International Soccer League in 1965. He was both the league's top goalkeeper and the Dwight D. Eisenhower Trophy winner as the league MVP.

## National team

On May 27, 1964, Schwart was the goalkeeper in the 10–0 loss to England. He never played for the U.S. after that game.

## InfoBox

Uwe Schwart
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Position(s) | Goalkeeper | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1961–1963 | Toronto Roma |  |  |
| 1964 | New York Hota Bavarian SC |  |  |
| 1964 | Montreal Italica |  |  |
| International career | | | |
| 1964 | United States | 1 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Letjen Haji Sudirman Stadium

abstract: Letjen Haji Sudirman Stadium is a multi-use stadium in Bojonegoro, Indonesia. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is used as the home venue for Persibo Bojonegoro of the Liga Indonesia. The stadium has a capacity of 15,000 spectators.

text:
# Letjen Haji Sudirman Stadium

**Letjen Haji Sudirman Stadium** is a multi-use stadium in Bojonegoro, Indonesia. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is used as the home venue for Persibo Bojonegoro of the Liga Indonesia. The stadium has a capacity of 15,000 spectators.

7°08′53″S 111°54′03″E / 7.148188°S 111.900886°E / -7.148188; 111.900886

## InfoBox

Letjen Haji Sudirman Stadium
| Letjen Haji Sudirman StadiumLocation in Bojonegoro Regency | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Bojonegoro Regency, Indonesia |
| Coordinates | 7°08′53″S 111°54′03″E / 7.148188°S 111.900886°E / -7.148188; 111.900886 |
| Owner | Persibo Bojonegoro |
| Operator | Persibo Bojonegoro |
| Capacity | 15,000 (Football) |
| Surface | Grass |
| Tenants | |
| Persibo Bojonegoro | |


title: Mindanao rasbora

abstract: Mindanao rasbora is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Rasbora endemic to Mindanao, Philippines.

text:
# Mindanao rasbora

**Mindanao rasbora** (***Rasbora philippina***) is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus *Rasbora* endemic to Mindanao, Philippines.

## InfoBox

| Mindanao rasbora | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Near Threatened  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Cypriniformes |
| Family: | Cyprinidae |
| Subfamily: | Danioninae |
| Genus: | *Rasbora* |
| Species: | ***R. philippina*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Rasbora philippina***
Günther, 1880 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Rasbora punctulatus* Seale & Bean, 1907 | |


title: Tony Humphreys

abstract: Tony Humphreys is an Irish educator, a consultant clinical psychologist, the founder of the Relationship Mentoring modality of Psychotherapy and the author of eleven self-help books translated into 15 languages and available in 28 countries. They notably include A Different Kind of Teacher, Self-esteem: the Key to your Child's Future (1995), The Power of "Negative" Thinking (1996), Children Feeling Good (1998) and ‘'Relationship, Relationship, Relationship: The Heart of a Mature Society'’ (2010). Humphreys is a parent-mentor and motivational speaker. He regularly wrote about psychology and illness in the Irish Times and in the Irish Examiner, where he contributed a psychology column for over ten years until 2012 when it ceased. At that time he wrote a controversial article on autism. The Irish Examiner removed the article from its website because “Tony Humphreys’ assertions made in the article are not supported by the vast body of published research in the field of Autistic Spectrum Disorders and are unhelpful and likely to cause upset”. He believes strongly in the impact of unconditional love, or its absence, on physical health. He is the Director of a number of courses in Parent Mentoring, Interpersonal Communication and Relationship Studies at University College Cork and at All Hallows College, Drumcondra, Dublin.

text:
# Tony Humphreys

**Tony Humphreys** is an Irish educator, a consultant clinical psychologist, the founder of the Relationship Mentoring modality of Psychotherapy and the author of eleven self-help books translated into 15 languages and available in 28 countries. They notably include *A Different Kind of Teacher, Self-esteem: the Key to your Child's Future* (1995), *The Power of "Negative" Thinking* (1996), *Children Feeling Good* (1998) and ‘'Relationship, Relationship, Relationship: The Heart of a Mature Society'’ (2010).

Humphreys is a parent-mentor and motivational speaker. He regularly wrote about psychology and illness in the Irish Times and in the Irish Examiner, where he contributed a psychology column for over ten years until 2012 when it ceased. At that time he wrote a controversial article on autism. The Irish Examiner removed the article from its website because “Tony Humphreys’ assertions made in the article are not supported by the vast body of published research in the field of Autistic Spectrum Disorders and are unhelpful and likely to cause upset”.

He believes strongly in the impact of unconditional love, or its absence, on physical health. He is the Director of a number of courses in Parent Mentoring, Interpersonal Communication and Relationship Studies at University College Cork and at All Hallows College, Drumcondra, Dublin.

## Early life and education

Upbringing left a significant psychological imprint on Tony Humphreys and on his philosophy. He was "constantly and unfavourably compared with his twin brother" and sought approval by assuming the role of carer for his invalided mother. He left school at fifteen and joined a monastery at eighteen for a period of 7 years. He left the monastery a month before taking his vows "having lost all belief in Catholicism" immediately left his devoutly religious family, who had rejected him. He sought alternative spirituality and put himself through night school to obtain a degree and higher diploma in Physical Education, followed by an MA in 1977 and PhD in 1983 in Psychology.

## Refrigerator mother theory

Tony Humphreys promotes the Refrigerator mother theory of the aetiology of autistic behaviours first popularised by Bruno Bettelheim, and does not believe in the existence of the clinical manifestations known as autism or autistic spectrum disorder (ASD). His published opinions have drawn vociferous complaints from the Minister for Health and Children, James Reilly, from groups representing families affected by autism and a censure calling for retraction from the Psychological Society of Ireland and his retirement by members of ICAAN (The Irish Council for Aspies and Autistic Networking). He continues to maintain that frigid parenting – conscious, subconscious or unconscious – is the root cause of 'autistic' behavioural issues in the family. The Press Ombudsman of Ireland adjudicated that "the offence was not only widespread but grave, could have been interpreted as gratuitously provocative, and might have been avoided or at least minimized if the topic had been presented in a different manner".

Humphreys has taken the Refrigerator Mother theory further than others, with claims that abuse and emotional neglect are the cause of schizophrenia and a range of other childhood behaviours that are 'labelled' as medical disorders, including oppositional-defiant disorder (ODD), attention-deficit disorder (ADD), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), dyspraxia and dyslexia in addition to ASDs. He believes that these 'labelled disorders' are avoidant behavioural adjustments that enable a threatened child "to survive in a painful world of conditionality" and are curable through "unconditionally valuing and caring" relationships. He has made similar claims for emotionally challenging environments causing the onset of asthma. Both professional and advocate groups have decried his theory of the aetiology of schizophrenia.

## Books

* Humphreys, Tony (1995). *A Different Kind of Teacher, Self-esteem the Key to your Child's Future*. Dublin: Gill & Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-7171-3790-9.
* Humphreys, Tony (1996). *The Power of "Negative" Thinking*. Dublin: Gill & Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-7171-2443-5.
* Humphreys, Tony (1998a). *A Different Kind of Discipline*. Dublin: Gill & Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-7171-2807-5.
* Humphreys, Tony (1998b). *Children Feeling Good*. Dublin: Veritas. ISBN 978-1-85390-374-8.
* Humphreys, Tony (2000). *Work and Worth: Take Back Your Life*. Dublin: Gill & Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-7171-3122-8.
* Humphreys, Tony (2002). *Self-Esteem, The Key to Your Child's Future*. Dublin: Gill & Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-7171-2990-4.
* Humphreys, Tony (2003). *Whose Life are you Living?*. Dublin: Gill & Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-7171-3662-9.
* Humphreys, Tony (2004a). *All About Children, Questions Parents Ask*. Dublin: Gill & Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-7171-3740-4.
* Humphreys, Tony (2004b). *Leaving The Nest*. Dublin: Gill & Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-7171-3734-3.
* Humphreys, Tony (2005). *Myself, My Partner*. Dublin: Gill & Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-7171-3914-9.


title: Radio Bremen 2

abstract: Radio Bremen 2 was a German public radio station, owned and operated by Radio Bremen (RB). It used to broadcast a culture and information-based format, featuring classical and modern music. It was replaced by Nordwestradio on 1 November 2001.

text:
# Radio Bremen 2

**Radio Bremen 2** was a German public radio station, owned and operated by Radio Bremen (RB). It used to broadcast a culture and information-based format, featuring classical and modern music.

It was replaced by Nordwestradio on 1 November 2001 (which itself relaunched as Bremen Zwei in 2017).

## InfoBox

Radio Bremen 2
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Broadcast area | Bremen |
| Programming | |
| Language(s) | German |
| Ownership | |
| Operator | Radio Bremen (RB) |
| History | |
| First air date | 13 April 1952 (1952-04-13) |
| Last air date | 31 October 2001 (2001-10-31) |


title: Quintin Goosen

abstract: Quintin John Goosen was a Zimbabwean cricketer and umpire. He umpired in one Test match and 12 One Day Internationals, all played in Zimbabwe. Goosen was born in Lonely Mine, Matabeleland. He played cricket for Mashonaland Country Districts before becoming an umpire. He was an umpire in the Logan Cup, Zimbabwe's domestic first-class cricket competition, from 1994 to 2002. Goosen's only Test match as an umpire was the 2nd Test between Zimbabwe and Pakistan at the Queens Sports Club in Bulawayo in February 1995, where the other on-field umpire was B.C. Cooray from Sri Lanka. Pakistan won easily by 8 wickets within three days of the five-day match, but Pakistani fast bowling great Wasim Akram received a reprimand following the Test for angrily snatching his cap from Goosen after an lbw appeal was rejected. The standard of umpiring in the Test was publicly criticised by Zimbabwean batsman David Houghton, who was also fined. Goosen also umpired 12 One Day International matches, all played in Zimbabwe between 1994 and 2001, six at Harare Sports Club and six at Queens Sports Club, Bulawayo. He first stood in the 1st ODI between Zimbabwe and Sri Lanka at Harare on 3 November 1994, and his last ODI as umpire was the match between Zimbabwe and England at Bulawayo on 10 October 2001. He died on 3 September 2014.

text:
# Quintin Goosen

**Quintin John Goosen** (4 November 1946 - 3 September 2014) was a Zimbabwean cricketer and umpire. He umpired in one Test match and 12 One Day Internationals, all played in Zimbabwe.

Goosen was born in Lonely Mine, Matabeleland. He played cricket for Mashonaland Country Districts before becoming an umpire. He was an umpire in the Logan Cup, Zimbabwe's domestic first-class cricket competition, from 1994 to 2002.

Goosen's only Test match as an umpire was the 2nd Test between Zimbabwe and Pakistan at the Queens Sports Club in Bulawayo in February 1995, where the other on-field umpire was B.C. Cooray from Sri Lanka. Pakistan won easily by 8 wickets within three days of the five-day match, but Pakistani fast bowling great Wasim Akram received a reprimand following the Test for angrily snatching his cap from Goosen after an lbw appeal was rejected. The standard of umpiring in the Test was publicly criticised by Zimbabwean batsman David Houghton, who was also fined.

Goosen also umpired 12 One Day International matches, all played in Zimbabwe between 1994 and 2001, six at Harare Sports Club and six at Queens Sports Club, Bulawayo. He first stood in the 1st ODI between Zimbabwe and Sri Lanka at Harare on 3 November 1994, and his last ODI as umpire was the match between Zimbabwe and England at Bulawayo on 10 October 2001.

He died on 3 September 2014.


title: Type C escort ship

abstract: Type C escort ships The Type C escort ships were a class of escort ships in the service of the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II. The Japanese called them "Type C" ocean defense ships, and they were the fifth class of Kaibōkan, a name used to denote a multi-purpose vessel.

text:
# Type C escort ship

The **Type C escort ships** (丙型海防艦, *Hei-gata kaibōkan*) were a class of escort ships in the service of the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II. The Japanese called them "Type C" ocean defense ships, and they were the fifth class of *Kaibōkan* (*Kai* = sea, ocean, *Bo* = defense, *Kan* = ship), a name used to denote a multi-purpose vessel.

## Background

The Type C, like the *Ukuru* and *Mikura* classes, were dedicated to the anti-aircraft and anti-submarine roles.

On 22 April 1943, the Navy General Staff decided a mass production of escort ships, because of the urgent need to protect the convoys which were under constant attack. The plan was to build a basic escort ship of around 800 tons, with a simple design for easy construction. The first designs, for "Type A" *Etorofu* class and "Type B" *Mikura* class, still needed too many man-hours for building, so in June 1943, the Navy General Staff planned for a simplified design. The result was the *Ukuru* class, and a scaled-down model of the *Mikura* class, which became the **"Type C"** and **"Type D"** escort classes.

## Design

Because of Japan's deteriorating war situation, the Type C was a further simplification of the *Ukuru* design. They were smaller by 200 tons and the diesel engines that propelled them were also smaller, at 1,900 shaft horsepower (1,400 kW) versus 4,200 shaft horsepower (3,100 kW) for the *Ukuru*s. Because of the decrease in engine power, the speed fell from 19.5 knots (36.1 km/h; 22.4 mph) to 16.5 knots (30.6 km/h; 19.0 mph). The range remained the same, 6,500 nautical miles (12,000 km; 7,500 mi) at 14 knots (26 km/h; 16 mph). The number of 4.7-inch (119 mm) guns went from three to two. The number of depth charges aboard was the same, 120, but the number of depth charge throwers was decreased from 18 to 12 and the depth charge chutes were decreased from two to one.

Due to the simplifications of the design, a significant saving was made in construction time. The Type C escorts required approximately 20,000 man-hours each, compared to the 35,000 man-hours of the *Ukuru*s and the 57,000 man-hours of the *Mikura*s.

## Construction

The design work of the Type C ships started in March 1943, the same time as the *Ukuru* class. They were built concurrently with the *Ukuru* class and the Type D. The Type C vessels were given odd numbers, while the Type D were given even numbers. The Type C were constructed using prefabricated sections that enabled them to be built in as little as three to four months. The lead ship, *No.1* (CD-1) was constructed at Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, laid down on 15 September 1943, and completed with *No.3* (CD-3) on 29 February 1944.

## Service

The Type C escorts were assigned to the Destroyer Divisions and Escort Divisions for convoy escort operations. However, by 1944 the advantage had passed to the US, and many Type C vessels became casualties as the Japanese merchant fleet was devastated by the American submarine offensive. There were 53 finished during the war of the 300 planned, and several completed after World War II ended. 26 were sunk during the war.

## Successes against submarines

## Ships in class

Under the Wartime Naval Armaments Supplement Programme, it was proposed to build 300 Type C and 200 Type D escorts. These were assigned the Programme numbers #2401-#2700 for the Type C vessels, with #2701-#2900 for the Type D vessels. In view of the vast number intended, no names were allocated, but only numbers; odd numbers from *No.1* upwards were assigned to Type C escorts, while even numbers from *No.2* upwards were assigned to Type D escorts.

The first 132 of the Type C escorts were authorised under the 1943 Fiscal Year, but just 53 were completed and the others cancelled. The remaining 168 Type C vessels were authorised under the 1944 Fiscal Year, but no contracts were ever issued.

| **Prog.
No.** | **Ship** | **Builder** | **Laid down** | **Launched** | **Completed** | **Fate** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| #2401 | *No.1* | Mitsubishi, Kōbe Shipyard | 15 September 1943 | 29 December 1943 | 29 February 1944 | Sunk by USAAF aircraft south of Xiamen, 6 April 1945. |
| #2402 | *No.3* | Mitsubishi, Kōbe Shipyard | 15 September 1943 | 29 December 1943 | 29 February 1944 | Sunk by USN aircraft northwest of Keelung, 9 January 1945. |
| #2403 | *No.5* | Nihon Kōkan, Tsurumi Shipyard | 23 October 1943 | 15 January 1944 | 19 March 1944 | Sunk by USN aircraft west of Masinloc, 21 September 1944. |
| #2404 | *No.7* | Nihon Kōkan, Tsurumi Shipyard | 23 October 1943 | 18 January 1944 | 10 March 1944 | Sunk by USS *Ray* west of Vigan City, 14 November 1944. Rebuilt in Jiangnan Shipyard, recommissioned as PLAN FFG *Nanning*. Decommissioned 1979. |
| #2405 | *No.9* | Mitsubishi, Kōbe Shipyard | 15 October 1943 | 15 January 1944 | 10 March 1944 | Sunk by USS *Gato* in Yellow Sea , 14 February 1945. |
| #2406 | *No.11* | Mitsubishi, Kōbe Shipyard | 15 October 1943 | 15 January 1944 | 15 March 1944 | Heavy damaged by USAAF aircraft in Ormoc Bay, 10 November 1944. Later scuttled. |
| #2407 | *No.13* | Nihon Kōkan, Tsurumi Shipyard | 18 November 1943 | 9 February 1944 | 3 April 1944 | Sunk by USS *Torsk* at south of Hyōgo, 14 August 1945. |
| #2408 | *No.15* | Nihon Kōkan, Tsurumi Shipyard | 18 November 1943 | 21 February 1944 | 8 April 1944 | Sunk by USS *Raton* to west of Spratly Island, 6 June 1944. |
| #2409 | *No.17* | Nihon Kōkan, Tsurumi Shipyard | 15 December 1943 | 26 February 1944 | 13 April 1944 | Sunk by USN aircraft off Saint Jacques, 12 January 1945. |
| #2410 | *No.19* | Nihon Kōkan, Tsurumi Shipyard | 15 December 1943 | 28 February 1944 | 28 April 1944 | Sunk by USN aircraft off Saint Jacques, 12 January 1945. |
| #2411 | *No.21* | Nihonkai Dock Company | 1 December 1943 | 31 March 1944 | 18 July 1944 | Sunk by USS *Seahorse* to east of Pratas Island, 6 October 1944. |
| #2412 | *No.23* | Nihonkai Dock Company | 10 February 1944 | 20 May 1944 | 15 September 1944 | Sunk by USN aircraft at north of Qui Nhon Bay, 12 January 1945. |
| #2413 | *No.25* | Nihon Kōkan, Tsurumi Shipyard | 1 February 1944 | 14 May 1944 | 2 July 1944 | Sunk by USS *Springer* in Yellow Sea, 3 May 1945. |
| #2414 | *No.27* | Nihon Kōkan, Tsurumi Shipyard | 16 February 1944 | 3 June 1944 | 20 July 1944 | Decommissioned on 20 November 1945. Surrendered to United Kingdom, 14 August 1947. Later scrapped. |
| #2415 | *No.29* | Nihon Kōkan, Tsurumi Shipyard | 2 March 1944 | 26 June 1944 | 8 August 1944 | Decommissioned on 20 November 1945. Scrapped on 1 March 1948. |
| #2416 | *No.31* | Nihon Kōkan, Tsurumi Shipyard | 3 March 1944 | 4 July 1944 | 21 August 1944 | Sunk by USS *Tirante* in Yellow Sea, 14 April 1945. |
| #2417 | *No.33* | Nihon Kōkan, Tsurumi Shipyard | 26 May 1944 | 22 July 1944 | 31 August 1944 | Sunk by USN aircraft to east of Aoshima, 28 March 1945. |
| #2418 | *No.35* | Nihon Kōkan, Tsurumi Shipyard | 30 May 1944 | 3 September 1944 | 11 October 1944 | Sunk by USN aircraft at south of French Indochina, 12 January 1945. |
| #2419 | *No.37* | Nihonkai Dock Company | 5 April 1944 | 5 August 1944 | 3 November 1944 | Decommissioned on 15 September 1945. Surrendered to United States, 4 September 1947. Scrapped on 30 November 1947. |
| #2420 | *No.39* | Nihon Kōkan, Tsurumi Shipyard | 10 June 1944 | 13 August 1944 | 27 September 1944 | Sunk by USAAF aircraft off Geoje Island, 7 August 1945. |
| #2421 | *No.41* | Nihon Kōkan, Tsurumi Shipyard | 1 July 1944 | 8 September 1944 | 16 October 1944 | Sunk by USS *Sea Owl* at Tsushima Strait, 9 June 1945. |
| #2422 | *No.43* | Mitsubishi, Kōbe Shipyard | 10 April 1944 | 22 June 1944 | 31 July 1944 | Sunk by USN aircraft off Cape Padaran, 12 January 1945. |
| #2423 | *No.45* | Nihonkai Dock Company | 25 May 1944 | 5 October 1944 | 23 December 1944 | Decommissioned on 30 November 1945. Scrapped on 30 April 1948. |
| #2424 | *No.47* | Nihon Kōkan, Tsurumi Shipyard | 15 July 1944 | 29 September 1944 | 2 November 1944 | Sunk by USS *Torsk* at south of Hyōgo, 14 August 1945. |
| #2425 | *No.49* | Nihon Kōkan, Tsurumi Shipyard | 31 July 1944 | 15 October 1944 | 16 November 1944 | Decommissioned on 30 November 1945. Surrendered to United States, 1 September 1947. Scrapped on 1 February 1948. |
| #2426 | *No.51* | Mitsubishi, Kōbe Shipyard | 1 May 1944 | 20 August 1944 | 21 September 1944 | Sunk by USN aircraft to north of Qui Nhon Bay, 12 January 1945. |
| #2427 | *No.53* | Nihon Kōkan, Tsurumi Shipyard | 15 August 1944 | 29 October 1944 | 28 November 1944 | Sunk by USS *Bergall* east of Cam Ranh Bay, 7 February 1945. |
| #2428 | *No.55* | Nihon Kōkan, Tsurumi Shipyard | 20 August 1944 | 4 November 1944 | 20 December 1944 | Decommissioned on 5 October 1945. Surrendered to United Kingdom, 16 July 1947. Later scrapped. |
| #2429 | *No.57* | Nihon Kōkan, Tsurumi Shipyard | 10 September 1944 | 15 November 1944 | 13 January 1945 | Decommissioned on 5 October 1945. Converted to breakwater at Ube, May 1948. |
| #2430 | *No.59* | Nihon Kōkan, Tsurumi Shipyard | 25 September 1944 | 22 November 1944 | 2 February 1945 | Decommissioned on 5 October 1945. Collided with *Hyūga* and sunk at Kure, 30 July 1946. Salvaged and scrapped on 9 November 1947. |
| #2431 | *No.61* | Maizuru Naval Arsenal | 1 April 1944 | 25 July 1944 | 15 September 1944 | Decommissioned on 3 May 1947. Later scrapped. |
| #2432 | *No.63* | Mitsubishi, Kōbe Shipyard | 1 July 1944 | 20 September 1944 | 15 October 1944 | Decommissioned on 30 September 1945. Scrapped on 30 April 1948. |
| #2433 | *No.65* | Nihonkai Dock Company | 10 August 1944 | 30 November 1944 | 13 February 1945 | Sunk by USN aircraft at Muroran, 14 July 1945. Salvaged and scrapped in July 1947. |
| #2434 | *No.67* | Maizuru Naval Arsenal | 15 June 1944 | 15 September 1944 | 12 November 1944 | Decommissioned on 25 October 1945. Surrendered to Republic of China, 6 July 1947, and renamed *Yingkan*. Renamed *Rui'an* (PF-73) 1952. Decommissioned 1963. |
| #2435 | *No.69* | Mitsubishi, Kōbe Shipyard | 24 August 1944 | 28 November 1944 | 20 December 1944 | Heavy damaged by USAAF aircraft off Hainan Island, 9 March 1945. Sank on 16 March 1945. |
| #2436 | *No.71* | Nihon Kōkan, Tsurumi Shipyard | 5 October 1944 | 3 December 1944 | 12 March 1945 | Decommissioned on 5 October 1945. Surrendered to Soviet Union, 28 August 1947. Served in Soviet Pacific Ocean Fleet as patrol ship *EK-43* (1947), oceanographic research ship *West* (1948), renamed *Ostrovnoy* (1953). Decommissioned on 31 January 1964 and scrapped. |
| #2437 | *No.73* | Nihon Kōkan, Tsurumi Shipyard | 8 October 1944 | 10 December 1944 | 5 April 1945 | Sunk by USS *Sunfish* at southeast of Iwate, 16 April 1945. |
| #2438 | *No.75* | Nihonkai Dock Company | 18 October 1944 | 20 February 1945 | 21 April 1945 | Sunk (probably by mine) off  10 August 1945. |
| #2439 | *No.77* | Nihon Kōkan, Tsurumi Shipyard | 2 November 1944 | 18 December 1944 | 31 March 1945 | Decommissioned on 30 November 1945. Surrendered to Soviet Union, 28 August 1947. Served in Soviet Pacific Ocean Fleet as patrol ship *EK-45* (1947), target ship *TsL-45* (1948), repair ship *PM-63* (1955). Decommissioned on 25 January 1969 and scrapped. |
| #2440 | *No.79* | Nihon Kōkan, Tsurumi Shipyard | 6 November 1944 | 30 December 1944 | 6 May 1945 | Decommissioned on 5 October 1945. Surrendered to Soviet Union, 29 July 1947. Served in Soviet Pacific Ocean Fleet as patrol ship *EK-39* (1947), target ship *TsL-39* (1948), oceanographic research ship *Sozh* (1949). Decommissioned on 30 August 1960 and scrapped. |
| #2441 | *No.81* | Maizuru Naval Arsenal | 7 August 1944 | 15 October 1944 | 15 December 1944 | Decommissioned on 5 October 1945. Surrendered to Republic of China, 29 August 1947, and renamed *Yuan*. Escape to People's Liberation Army 13 February 1949, and renamed *Shengyang*. Decommissioned 1980. |
| #2442 | *No.83* | Kyōwa Zōsen and Naniwa Dock Company | 1944 | 16 January 1945 | - | Still incomplete at the end of war (85%). Scrapped on 17 March 1948. |
| #2443 | *No.85* | Nihon Kōkan, Tsurumi Shipyard | 20 November 1944 | 27 January 1945 | 31 May 1945 | Decommissioned on 25 October 1945. Surrendered to Republic of China 6 July 1947, and renamed *Shian*. Escape to People's Liberation Army 23 April 1949. Sunk by aircraft at Yanziji, 28 April 1949. |
| #2444 | *No.87* | Nihon Kōkan, Tsurumi Shipyard | 27 November 1944 | 15 February 1945 | 20 May 1945 | Decommissioned on 5 October 1945. Surrendered to United States, 29 July 1947. Scrapped on 1 March 1948. |
| #2445 | *No.89* | Nihonkai Dock Company | 1944 | 3 May 1945 | - | Incomplete until the end of war (95%). Scrapped in November 1947. |
| #2446 | *No.91* |  | - | - | - | Cancelled in August 1944. |
| #2447 | *No.93* | Kyōwa Zōsen | 20 May 1944 | - | - | Company was closed and construction stopped in May 1945. Later scrapped. |
| #2448 | *No.95* | Nihon Kōkan, Tsurumi Shipyard | 27 November 1944 | 14 April 1945 | 4 July 1945 | Decommissioned on 15 September 1945. Scrapped on 20 July 1948. |
| #2449 | *No.97* | Nihon Kōkan, Tsurumi Shipyard | 5 October 1944 | 25 May 1945 | 16 December 1945 | Surrendered incomplete in August 1945. Decommissioned on 1 April 1946. Scrapped on 27 October 1947. |
| #2450 | *No.99* |  | - | - | - | Cancelled in August 1944. |
| #2451 | *No.101* | Kyōwa Zōsen | 8 September 1944 | - | - | Company was closed and construction stopped in May 1945. Later scrapped. |
| #2452 | *No.103* |  | - | - | - | Cancelled in August 1944. |
| #2453 | *No.105* | Nihon Kōkan, Tsurumi Shipyard | 24 December 1944 | January 1946 | 15 April 1946 | Surrendered to Soviet Union, 5 July 1947. Served in Soviet Pacific Ocean Fleet as patrol ship *EK-34* (1947), target ship *TsL-34* (1948), oceanographic research ship *Khersones* (1949). Decommissioned on 3 December 1960 and scrapped. |
| #2454 | *No.107* | Nihon Kōkan, Tsurumi Shipyard | 3 January 1945 | 16 March 1946 | 30 May 1946 | Surrendered to Republic of China 29 August 1947, and renamed *Chaoan* (PF-74). Decommissioned 1963. |
| #2455 | *No.109* | Nihon Kōkan, Tsurumi Shipyard | 26 January 1945 | - | - | Construction stopped on 1 April 1945. Later scrapped. |
| #2456
#2457
#2458 | *No.111*
*No.113*
*No.115* |  | - | - | - | Cancelled in August 1944. |
| #2459 | *No.117* | Nihon Kōkan, Tsurumi Shipyard | 1 February 1945 | - | - | Construction stopped in March 1945. Later scrapped. |
| #2460 to #2502 | Odd numbers from *No.119* to *No.203* |  | - | - | - | Cancelled in August 1944. |
| #2503 | *No.205* | Nihonkai Dock Company | 10 May 1944 | 15 August 1944 | 30 October 1944 | Decommissioned on 5 October 1945. Surrendered to Republic of China 31 July 1947, and renamed *Chinan* (PF-75). Decommissioned 1960. |
| #2504 | *No.207* | Naniwa Dock Company | 17 May 1944 | 24 August 1944 | 15 October 1944 | Decommissioned on 5 October 1945. Surrendered to United States, 4 July 1947. Sunk as target at , 13 August 1947. |
| #2505
#2506 | *No.209*
*No.211* |  | - | - | - | Cancelled in August 1944. |
| #2507 | *No.213* | Mitsubishi, Kōbe Shipyard | 24 September 1944 | 15 January 1945 | 12 February 1945 | Sunk by naval mine at Busan, 18 August 1945. |
| #2508 | *No.215* | Niigata Iron Works | 20 July 1944 | 10 November 1944 | 30 December 1944 | Decommissioned on 5 October 1945. Surrendered to Republic of China 6 July 1947, and renamed *Liaohai*. Transferred to Army, 1948. Returned to Navy, 1953. Decommissioned 1960. |
| #2509 | *No.217* | Mitsubishi, Kōbe Shipyard | 1 December 1944 | 26 February 1945 | 17 July 1945 | Decommissioned on 30 November 1945. Surrendered to United Kingdom, 5 September 1947. Scrapped on 10 February 1948. |
| #2510 | *No.219* | Naniwa Dock Company | 2 September 1944 | 30 November 1944 | 25 January 1945 | Sunk by USAAF aircraft at Hakodate, 12 July 1945. |
| #2511 | *No.221* | Niigata Iron Works, Osaka | 11 September 1944 | 26 December 1944 | 2 April 1945 | Decommissioned on 30 November 1945. Surrendered to Soviet Union, 29 July 1947. Served in Soviet Pacific Ocean Fleet as patrol ship *EK-40* (1947), target ship *TsL-40* (1948), rescue ship *Zhiguli* (1949). Decommissioned on 11 March 1958 and scrapped. |
| #2512 | *No.223* | Mitsubishi, Kōbe Shipyard | 1944 | 4 July 1945 | - | Construction stopped on 23 May 1945 (50%). Scrapped on 23 October 1947. |
| #2513 | *No.225* | Niigata Iron Works | 22 November 1944 | 26 March 1945 | 28 May 1945 | Decommissioned on 5 October 1945. Scrapped on 30 April 1948. |
| #2514 | *No.227* | Naniwa Dock Company, Osaka | 5 December 1944 | 10 February 1945 | 15 June 1945 | Decommissioned on 5 October 1945. Surrendered to Soviet Union, 5 July 1947. Served in Soviet Pacific Ocean Fleet as patrol ship *EK-35* (1947), target ship *TsL-35* (1948), oceanographic research ship *Siurkum* (1949)/ Decommissioned on 11 March 1958 and scrapped. |
| #2515 | *No.229* | Mitsubishi, Kōbe Shipyard | 16 January 1945 | - | - | Construction stopped in January 1945. Later scrapped. |
| #2516
#2517 | *No.231*
*No.233* |  | - | - | - | Cancelled in August 1944. |
| #2518 | *No.235* | Niigata Iron Works | 15 February 1945 | - | - | Construction stopped in February 1945. Later scrapped. |
| #2519 to #2532 | Odd numbers from *No.237* to *No.263* |  | - | - | - | Cancelled between August 1944 and March 1945. |
| #2533 to #2700 | 168 vessels |  |  |  |  | They were projected only, and never ordered. |
|

## InfoBox

| *No.1* off the coast of Kure, March 1, 1944 | |
| --- | --- |
| Class overview | |
| Name | *No.1*-class escort ship |
| Builders |  |
| Operators |  |
| Preceded by | *Ukuru* class |
| Cost | 5,015,000 JPY |
| Built | 1943–1946 |
| In commission | 1944–1980 |
| Planned | 300 |
| Completed | 56 |
| Cancelled | 79 |
| Lost | 28 |
| Retired | 28 |
| General characteristics | |
| Type | Escort ship |
| Displacement | 745 long tons (757 t) standard |
| Length | 67.5 m (221 ft) |
| Beam | 8.4 m (27 ft 7 in) |
| Draught | 2.9 m (10 ft) |
| Propulsion | 2 shaft, geared diesel engines, 1,900 hp (1,417 kW) |
| Speed | 16.5 knots (19.0 mph; 30.6 km/h) |
| Range | 6,500 nmi (12,000 km) at 14 kn (16 mph; 26 km/h) |
| Complement | 136 |
| Sensors and
processing systems | * Type 22-Go radar * Type 93 sonar * Type 3 hydrophone |
| Armament |  |


title: Type C3-class ship

abstract: Type C3-class ships were the third type of cargo ship designed by the United States Maritime Commission (MARCOM) in the late 1930s. As it had done with the Type C1 ships and Type C2 ships, MARCOM circulated preliminary plans for comment. The design presented was not specific to any service or trade route, but was a general purpose ship that could be modified for specific uses. A total of 162 C3 ships were built from 1939 to 1946. The C3 was larger and faster than the C1 and C2 contemporaries, measuring 492 feet (150 m) from stem to stern, and designed to make 16.5 knots. Like the C2, it had five cargo holds. A total of 465 of these ships were built between 1940 and 1947. A total of 75 ships were built with C3 hulls and engines, but not built as cargo ships. During World War II, many C3 ships were converted to naval uses, particularly as Bogue-class escort carriers, and as Windsor-class and Bayfield-class attack transports, Klondike-class destroyer tenders, submarine tenders, and seaplane tenders.

text:
# Type C3-class ship

**Type C3-class ships** were the third type of cargo ship designed by the United States Maritime Commission (MARCOM) in the late 1930s. As it had done with the Type C1 ships and Type C2 ships, MARCOM circulated preliminary plans for comment. The design presented was not specific to any service or trade route, but was a general purpose ship that could be modified for specific uses. A total of 162 C3 ships were built from 1939 to 1946.

The C3 was larger and faster than the C1 and C2 contemporaries, measuring 492 feet (150 m) from stem to stern (vs. 459 feet (140 m) for the C2), and designed to make 16.5 knots (30.6 km/h; 19.0 mph) (vs. 15.5 kn (28.7 km/h; 17.8 mph) for the C2). Like the C2, it had five cargo holds. A total of 465 of these ships were built between 1940 and 1947. A total of 75 ships were built with C3 hulls and engines, but not built as cargo ships.

During World War II, many C3 ships were converted to naval uses, particularly as *Bogue*-class escort carriers, and as *Windsor*-class and *Bayfield*-class attack transports, *Klondike*-class destroyer tenders, submarine tenders, and seaplane tenders.

## Ships in type

* C3 DWT 12,595
    + *Elizabeth C. Stanton*-class (AP 4 hulls)
* C3 multiple or unverified sub-types
    + *Klondike*-class (AD 4 hulls)
    + *President Jackson*-class (AP 2+5 hulls, APA 5)
    + *Windsor*-class (AP 1 hull, APA 8+1)
    + *Kenneth Whiting*-class (AV 4 hulls)
* C3-A DWT 10,000 as in USS *President Polk*
* C3-E DWT 9,514 as in USS *Hercules*
* C3-P&C DWT 10,000 some converted to *Avenger*-class escort carrier
* C3-S-A1 DWT 12,595 as in HMS *Tracker* some converted to *Bogue*-class escort carrier
* C3-S-A2 DWT 12,595
    + *Bayfield*-class (AP 16 hulls, APA 16+18)
    + *Aegir*-class (AS 4 hulls)
* C3-S1-A3 DWT 12,595
    + *Frederick Funston*-class (AP 2 hulls, APA same 2 hulls)
* C3-S-A4 DWT 11,000 the six *President* ships
* C3-S-A5 DWT 11,800 as in HMS *Chaser*
* C3-S1-BR1 DWT 9,900, three built: *Del Norte*, *Del Sud* & *Del Mar*
* C3-S-BH1 DWT 12,600 five built: *Tillie Lykes*, *Almeria Lykes*, *Lipscomb Lykes*, *Norman Lykes* & *Doctor Lykes*
* C3 Mod. DWT 12,430, as in USS *Euryale*
* C3 conversion: Two Sun Ship C3 ships were converted to *Long Island*-class escort carriers. *Mormacmail* renamed USS *Long Island* and *Mormacland* renamed HMS *Archer* both were converted to escort carriers, at a top speed of 16.5 knots (30.6 km/h; 19.0 mph).

## Production

### Modified and redesignated

## Notable incidents

* *Express* a C3-E, was torpedoed and sank off the coast of Madagascar on 30 June 1942.
* *Almeria Lykes* a C3, renamed *Empire Condor* was torpedoed and sank off coast of Tunisia on 13 August 1942.
* *Rio Hudson* a C3-P&C, rebuilt and converted to *Avenger*-class escort carrier. Was renamed HMS *Avenger* was torpedoed and sank near Gibraltar on 15 November 1942.
* USS *Block Island* USN CVE-21, a C3-S-A1, was torpedoed and sank near the Azores-Canary Islands on 29 May 1944.
* *Rio de Janeiro* a C3-P&C, *Avenger*-class escort carrier, renamed HMS *Dasher*, exploded and sank in the Lower Clyde in Scotland in 1943.
* The SS *Jacob Luckenbach*, originally *Sea Robbin*, sank on 14 July 1953 after a collision off San Francisco in fog with another C3 ship, the SS *Hawaiian Pilot* (originally USS *Burleigh* (APA-95)). Both ships were built at Ingalls and were only five hull numbers apart. The wreck was determined in 2002 to be a source of oil pollution and about 85,000 gallons of oil were removed.
* The USNS *Card* was attacked on 2 May 1964, while moored dockside in Saigon, a North Vietnamese frogman, Lam Son Nao, planted an explosive charge that blew a hole in the hull, killing five crewmen.

## Citations

* Sawyer, L.A.; Mitchell, W.H. (1981). *From America to United States: The History of the Long-range Merchant Shipbuilding Programme of the United States Maritime Commission*. London: World Ship Society.
* "United States Maritime Commission C3 Type Ships". *American Merchant Marine at War*. Retrieved 18 July 2013.

## InfoBox

Type C3
| *Exporter,* the first C3 ship to be completed. Shown in 1943, after conversion by the US Navy to USS *Hercules*. | |
| --- | --- |
| Class overview | |
| Preceded by | Type C2 |
| Succeeded by | Type C4 |
| Built | 1940–1947 |
| Completed | 238 |
| General characteristics | |
| Tonnage | 7,800 gross tons |
| Displacement | 12,000 deadweight tons. |
| Length | 492 ft (150 m) |
| Beam | 69.5 ft (21.2 m) |
| Draft | 28.5 ft (8.7 m) |
| Installed power | turbine developing 8,500 hp |
| Speed | 16.5 knots (30.6 km/h; 19.0 mph) (designed) |


title: Peltariopsis

abstract:
Peltariopsis is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Brassicaceae. Its native range is Turkey to Iran. Species:
  - Peltariopsis drabicarpa (Boiss.) N.Busch
  - Peltariopsis grossheimii N.Busch
  - Peltariopsis planisiliqua (Boiss.) N.Busch

text:
# Peltariopsis

***Peltariopsis*** is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Brassicaceae.

Its native range is Turkey to Iran.

Species:

## InfoBox

| *Peltariopsis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Brassicales |
| Family: | Brassicaceae |
| Genus: | *Peltariopsis*<br>(Boiss.) N.Busch |
|


title: White Amur bream

abstract: The white Amur bream is a species of cyprinid freshwater fish, of the monotypic genus Parabramis. It is native to eastern Asia, where found from the Amur River basin in Russia south to Ningbo and Shanghai in China. It is an important food fish, and has been introduced to regions outside its native range. The species was originally described as Abramis pekinensis. The name is derived from the Greek word para, meaning "the side of ", and the Old French word breme, a type of freshwater fish.

text:
# White Amur bream

The **white Amur bream** (***Parabramis pekinensis***) is a species of cyprinid freshwater fish, of the monotypic genus ***Parabramis***. It is native to eastern Asia, where found from the Amur River basin in Russia south to Ningbo and Shanghai in China. It is an important food fish, and has been introduced to regions outside its native range.

The species was originally described as *Abramis pekinensis*. The name is derived from the Greek word *para*, meaning "the side of ", and the Old French word *breme*, a type of freshwater fish.

## InfoBox

| White Amur bream | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Cypriniformes |
| Family: | Cyprinidae |
| Subfamily: | Cultrinae |
| Genus: | *Parabramis*
Bleeker, 1865 |
| Species: | ***P. pekinensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Parabramis pekinensis***
(Basilewsky, 1855) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Abramis pekinensis* | |


title: Utricularia amethystina

abstract: Utricularia amethystina, the Florida purple bladderwort, is a variable species of terrestrial bladderwort native to Bolivia, Brazil, Guyana, Peru, and south-west Florida. The small flowers can be purple, lilac, white, bluish, cream, or bright yellow, and are also highly variable in size and shape.

text:
# Utricularia amethystina

***Utricularia amethystina***, the **Florida purple bladderwort**, is a variable species of terrestrial bladderwort native to Bolivia, Brazil, Guyana, Peru, and south-west Florida. The small flowers can be purple, lilac, white, bluish, cream, or bright yellow, and are also highly variable in size and shape.

## InfoBox

| *Utricularia amethystina* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Lamiales |
| Family: | Lentibulariaceae |
| Genus: | *Utricularia* |
| Subgenus: | *Utricularia* subg. *Utricularia* |
| Section: | *Utricularia sect. Foliosa* |
| Species: | ***U. amethystina*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Utricularia amethystina***
Salzm. ex St.Hil. & Gir., 1838 | |
|


title: Letizia Paoli

abstract: Letizia Paoli is a criminologist, originally from Prato. Since 2006 she has been a professor of the Law Faculty at Leuven/Louvain University. She served, between 2009 and 2016, as chair of the sometimes troubled "Freiburg Sports Medicine Commission" at Freiburg University. Paoli holds dual German-Italian nationality and lives in Belgium. She has published extensively, notably on international drugs trading.

text:
# Letizia Paoli

**Letizia Paoli** (born 24 October 1966) is a criminologist, originally from Prato. Since 2006 she has been a professor of the Law Faculty at Leuven/Louvain University. She served, between 2009 and 2016, as chair of the sometimes troubled "Freiburg Sports Medicine Commission" at Freiburg University.

Paoli holds dual German-Italian nationality and lives in Belgium. She has published extensively, notably on international drugs trading.

## Life

Paoli was born and grew up in Prato, a commercially dynamic city a short distance to the north-west of Florence in Italy. From 1990 she studied Political Sciences at Florence University, later moving on to the European University Institute (also in Florence) where she received her doctorate in 1997 in return for a piece of work entitled "The Pledge to Secrecy: Culture, Structure and Action of Mafia Associations". Her dissertation, which earned her a coveted "summa cum laude" citation, was supervised by Prof. Bernhard Giesen. She crossed the Alps and worked as an academic research assistant at the Tübingen University Institute for Criminology and at the Giessen University Institute for Sociology during 1996/97. From 1998 till 2006 she led a Research Group at the Max Planck Institute for Foreign and International Criminal Law in Freiburg i.B. In 2006 she switched to Leuven/Louvain University, half an hour to the east of Brussels, taking up a full professorship in Criminology.

## Freiburg Sports Medicine Commission

At the end of 2009, Letizia Paoli was appointed to chair the independent expert commission of enquiry mandated to evaluate activities of the department of rehabilitative and sports medicine at the Freiburg University Medical Center. She took over the role from Dr. Hans Joachim Schäfer who had been obliged to resign for health reasons. Commentators have suggested that under her direction the commission faced obstructive actions from vested interests and that Letizia Paoli herself was subjected to aggressively hostile whispering attacks. Her own approach became more robust and uncompromising over time, but after more than seven years, by the start of 2017 it had become apparent that the commission had failed to conclude its task timely and satisfactorily.

As commission chair, Paoli called upon Werner Franke to resign his membership of it, following leak allegations. However, in March 2015 a part-completed report on doping in the German football league was released by another commission member, Andreas Singler, indicating that the departure of Franke had not put an end to disagreements among its remaining members.

One unexpected by-product of the commission's investigation involved Hans-Hermann Dickhuth whose 1983 habilitation (academic qualification) had been based on a dissertation that allegedly contained extensive word-for-word quotations from the doctoral dissertation of one of his own students. The potential news value of an otherwise mainstream plagiarism scandal was enhanced by the fact that the student in question subsequently became Dickhuth's wife. As commission chair, Paoli reported the commission's assessment of the matter to the university rectorate. The matter was then leaked to the press. Some felt that the university's handling of the affair lacked the necessary transparency, and in the very public disagreement between Paoli and the university authorities which ensued it was reported, towards the end of 2014, that she had threatened to resign the commission chairmanship.

By this time publication of the commission's final report was believed to have been scheduled for Autumn/Fall 2015. However, Autumn/Fall 2015 came and went: in March 2016 the entire commission stepped down, amidst allegations that their work had been sabotaged, and with no sign of any final report.


title: Weedman, Illinois

abstract: Weedman is an unincorporated community in DeWitt and McLean counties, Illinois, United States. Weedman is located on Illinois Route 54, 3.5 miles (5.6 km) northeast of Farmer City.

text:
# Weedman, Illinois

**Weedman** is an unincorporated community in DeWitt and McLean counties, Illinois, United States. Weedman is located on Illinois Route 54, 3.5 miles (5.6 km) northeast of Farmer City.

## InfoBox

| Weedman, Illinois | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| WeedmanWeedman | |
| Coordinates: 40°16′53″N 88°36′11″W / 40.28139°N 88.60306°W / 40.28139; -88.60306 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Illinois |
| Counties | DeWitt and McLean |
| Elevation | 718 ft (219 m) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| Area code | 217 |
| GNIS feature ID | 426597 |


title: Tornodoxa longiella

abstract: Tornodoxa longiella is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Kyu-Tek Park in 1993. It is found in Korea and Japan. The wingspan is 17–18 mm.

text:
# Tornodoxa longiella

***Tornodoxa longiella*** is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Kyu-Tek Park in 1993. It is found in Korea and Japan.

The wingspan is 17–18 mm.

## InfoBox

| *Tornodoxa longiella* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Gelechiidae |
| Genus: | *Tornodoxa* |
| Species: | ***T. longiella*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Tornodoxa longiella***<br>Park, 1993 | |
|


title: Radio Veritas

abstract: Radio Veritas Asia is the non-commercial Catholic shortwave station broadcasting to Asia. It is based in Quezon City, Philippines, and is owned by the Philippine Radio Educational and Information Center, which previously owned the original Radio Veritas from 1969 to 1991. Its Urdu Service started its broadcast on August 14, 1987, in Lahore, Pakistan. Its mission is to promote justice to the oppressed through programs with specific moral, religious and inspirational content, and to voice peace and harmony among the sects, races, and sexes through sociocultural programs and to promote dialogue among different religions.

text:
# Radio Veritas

**Radio Veritas Asia** is the non-commercial Catholic shortwave station broadcasting to Asia. It is based in Quezon City, Philippines, and is owned by the **Philippine Radio Educational and Information Center**, which previously owned the original Radio Veritas from 1969 to 1991. Its Urdu Service started its broadcast on August 14, 1987, in Lahore, Pakistan. Its mission is to promote justice to the oppressed through programs with specific moral, religious and inspirational content, and to voice peace and harmony among the sects, races, and sexes through sociocultural programs and to promote dialogue among different religions.

## History

In December 1958, the delegates of the Southeast Asian Bishops' Conference unanimously resolved to establish a radio station to serve the countries of Southeast Asia. Eleven years after that, Radio Veritas was inaugurated, on April 11, 1969.

The Federation of Asian Bishops' Conference (FABC) was entrusted with the operations of RVA from its beginning in 1970. This was confirmed by FABC's governing body, the General Assembly, in 1974.

Since 1991 the annual magazine of the Radio Veritas Asia Urdu Service has been housed in the office building of the WAVE Studio. Most programs for Radio Veritas Asia's Urdu service are also recorded at the WAVE studio.

### Role in the People Power revolution

Camp Crame later became one of the rallying points of people during the People Power revolution of 1986.

In February 1986, reports of election fraud during the 1986 Philippine presidential election caused unrest among Filipinos and saw the organization of various protest activities, including the massive Tagumpay Ng Bayan rally at Rizal Park on February 16, 1986, and a systematic boycott of products and companies associated with Marcos and his cronies. Hoping to take advantage of the disarray, the Reform the Armed Forces Movement (RAM) under then-Defense Secretary Juan Ponce Enrile attempted to stage a coup, and took over Camp Aguinaldo.

After he learned that Marcos' forces had uncovered the coup plot, Enrile invited PC Chief Fidel Ramos to join their cause and withdraw support from Marcos. Ramos agreed, and the two held a press conference to that effect in Camp Aguinaldo, after Ramos returned to Camp Crame, and Enrile Stayed in Camp Aguinaldo.

When Cardinal Jaime Sin learned about Enrile and Ramos' predicament, he went on air through **Radio Veritas** and appealed to Filipinos near Camps Aguinaldo and Crame to go to the stretch of EDSA in between the two camps, forming a human shield to prevent Marcos' forces from coming down hard on the coup plotters. Radio Veritas embarked on different means of delivering its religious message. It started using new technology such as the Internet and webcasting, and plans to upgrade to digital broadcasting.

Between 2007 and June 2011 it had received over 30,000 letters from listeners in Pakistan, over 3,500 from India, and nearly 500 from other countries.

On October 9, 2011, more than 80 people from all over the country attended the 11th listeners' conference of Radio Veritas Asia's Urdu language service in Lahore. RVA's Urdu service airs 13 morning and evening programs reaching listeners in Pakistan and India. In 2011 Father Nadeem John Shakir was the studio director.

The 15th Conference of Catholic radio listeners was held on September 21, 2015, at Loyola Hall in Lahore. It was attended by 120 people from around the country. Bishop Joseph Arshad of Faisalabad and head of the Commission for Social Communications, addressed the conference invited the participants to build peace, tolerance and brotherhood in society via the radio.

Shortwave transmissions ended on June 30, 2018.

## Funding

The service is largely funded by the German donors Missio. In 2010 they announced a cut back of 10 percent of their annual funding. The center received until 2005 annual funding of 10,000 rupees from the Catholic Bishops' Conference of Pakistan for their Urdu service.

## RVA programs

RVA programming evolves from its two-fold objectives.

### Evangelization

It has a mix of moral, religious, evangelical and sociocultural, and entertainment programs on offer, as well as a few political, economic and informational programs. Programs include:

* Gospel Reflection
* Church News
* Morals
* Catholic Doctrines
* Catechesis
* Liturgy and Sacraments
* Dialogue with Religions and Cultures
* Role of the Church in the Modern World

### Human development

In 2015, it offers two 27 minute programs, one in the morning and one at night, dealing with health, culture, values, famous places in the world, personalities, social issues, literature, inventions and world news.

## Through the years

### RVA and the Pope

During the 25th anniversary celebration of RVA in 1995 Pope John Paul II said that RVA must be helped to fulfill its mission even though this will certainly involve even greater sacrifices and renewed commitment on the part of the local churches in Asia.

Pope Francis sent a message to the station, which celebrated its 50th anniversary on April 11, 2019, calling for it to help build “a more just and united society".

### The library

The broadcast tapes of the 1986 People Power Revolution are housed in the RVA archives. UNESCO has catalogued the audio files as part of the selected collection included in the *Memory of the World Program and Digital Preservation of Documentary Heritage*.

### News

On July 25, 2020, the chair of the National Commission for Social Communications, Archbishop Joseph Arshad of Islamabad-Rawalpindi launched the Radio Veritas Asia Urdu news service. This is the first Catholic news program of its kind in the country.

## Website

## InfoBox

*Radio Veritas Asia
(RVA)*
| Company type | Private |
| --- | --- |
| Industry | Broadcast radio station |
| Founded | April 11, 1969 |
| Headquarters | Quezon City and Lahore |
| Area served | Worldwide |
| Key people | Rev. F. Carlos S. Lariosa, SVD (General Manager)
Aurelia Elarde (Administrative/Finance Director)
Rev. Msgr. Pietro Nguyen Van Tai (Program Director/Director)
Engr. Manuel A. Mopal (Asst. Program Director (ISO) |
| Owner | Philippine Radio Educational and Information Center |
| Website | www.rveritas-asia.org |


title: Tuxpan de Bolaños

abstract: Tuxpan de Bolaños is a Huichol settlement in the Bolaños Municipality of Jalisco, Mexico. In the Huichol language, it is named as Kuruxi Manúka. According to INEGI in 2010, its population was 1269. According to the Huichol people, the population of Tuxpan de Bolaños is roughly 2,000 people. Other communities belonging to the same culture are Santa Catarina Cuexcomatitlan (Tuapurie), San Sebastian Teponahuaxtlán (Wautia), San Andres Cohamiata and San Miguel Huaixtita (Tsikwaita), within the state of Jalisco and Guadalupe Ocotán (Xatsitsarie) in the state of Nayarit.

text:
# Tuxpan de Bolaños

**Tuxpan de Bolaños** is a Huichol settlement in the Bolaños Municipality of Jalisco, Mexico. In the Huichol language, it is named as Kuruxi Manúka. According to INEGI in 2010, its population was 1269. According to the Huichol people, the population of Tuxpan de Bolaños is roughly 2,000 people.

Other communities belonging to the same culture are Santa Catarina Cuexcomatitlan (Tuapurie), San Sebastian Teponahuaxtlán (Wautia), San Andres Cohamiata (Tatei Kie) and San Miguel Huaixtita (Tsikwaita), within the state of Jalisco and Guadalupe Ocotán (Xatsitsarie) in the state of Nayarit.

## InfoBox

| Tuxpan de Bolaños Kuruxi Manúwe (Wixárika language) | |
| --- | --- |
| Native Community | |
| Outlook | |
| Location within the state of Jalisco | |
| Tuxpan de BolañosLocation in Mexico | |
| Coordinates: 21°52′30″N 104°00′47″W / 21.875°N 104.013°W / 21.875; -104.013 | |
| Country | Mexico |
| State | Jalisco |
| Municipal seat | Bolaños |
| Native Community | Tuxpan de Bolaños |
| Elevation | 1,120 m (3,670 ft) |
| Population (2010) | |
| Total | 1,269 |
| Time zone | UTC−06:00 (CST) |


title: Tyson Smith (American football)

abstract: Tyson Catrell Smith is an American former professional football defensive lineman. He was signed by the Baltimore Ravens as an undrafted free agent in 2005. He played college football at Iowa State. Smith was also a member of the New York Giants, San Francisco 49ers, Washington Redskins, Dallas Cowboys, Miami Dolphins, Denver Broncos, Tennessee Titans and Iowa Barnstormers.

text:
# Tyson Smith (American football)

**Tyson Catrell Smith** (born October 9, 1981) is an American former professional football defensive lineman. He was signed by the Baltimore Ravens as an undrafted free agent in 2005. He played college football at Iowa State.

Smith was also a member of the New York Giants, San Francisco 49ers, Washington Redskins, Dallas Cowboys, Miami Dolphins, Denver Broncos, Tennessee Titans and Iowa Barnstormers.

Pre-draft measurables
| Height | Weight | Three-cone drill | Broad jump | Bench press |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 6 ft 2 in
(1.88 m) | 240 lb
(109 kg) | 7.09 s | 9 ft 10 in
(3.00 m) | 9 reps |
| All values from Pro Day | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

Tyson Smith
| No. 48 | |
| --- | --- |
| Position: | Defensive lineman |
| Personal information | |
| Born: | (1981-10-09) October 9, 1981
Des Moines, Iowa, U.S. |
| Height: | 6 ft 2 in (1.88 m) |
| Weight: | 250 lb (113 kg) |
| Career information | |
| College: | Iowa State |
| Undrafted: | 2005 |
| Career history | |
|  | |
| * Offseason and/or practice squad member only | |
|  | |
| Career NFL statistics | |
| Total tackles: 4 | |
|  | |
| Player stats at **PFR** | |
|  | |


title: Penalty Recordings

abstract: Penalty is an American record label and entertainment company, founded and run by CEO Neil Levine. The company was founded in 1995 as a record label specializing in hip-hop music. The original Penalty label was acquired by its distributor, Tommy Boy, in 1999. A second version, Penalty Associated Labels, was operated by Levine in association with Rykodisc from 2002 to 2006. The third and current incarnation was established in 2014. Artists on Penalty have included Capone-N-Noreaga, Lord Finesse, Ali Shaheed Muhammed of A Tribe Called Quest, and The Beatnuts, among others.

text:
# Penalty Recordings

**Penalty** is an American record label and entertainment company, founded and run by CEO Neil Levine. The company was founded in 1995 as a record label specializing in hip-hop music.

The original Penalty label was acquired by its distributor, Tommy Boy, in 1999. A second version, **Penalty Associated Labels**, was operated by Levine in association with Rykodisc from 2002 to 2006. The third and current incarnation was established in 2014.

Artists on Penalty have included Capone-N-Noreaga (as well as both Capone and Noreaga/N.O.R.E. as solo artists), Lord Finesse, Ali Shaheed Muhammed of A Tribe Called Quest, and The Beatnuts, among others.

## History

### 1995–1999

After a career as an independent marketing professional, Neil Levine founded Penalty Recordings, launching it in 1995 as a joint venture between himself and Tom Silverman. Silverman was the founder and original owner of Tommy Boy, a division of Warner Bros. Records which served as Penalty's distributor. In 1996, Silverman re-purchased half of the interest in Tommy Boy, which continued as Penalty's distributor.

Specializing in Hip-Hop music, The initial releases on Penalty included the single "Crime Saga" by Shabazz the Disciple and both the single "Hip 2 Da Game" and the album *The Awakening* by Lord Finesse. Other early Penalty artists included Crooked Lettaz, Blackjack, Foesum, and the group Capone-N-Noreaga, whose first release on the label was the single "Stick You" in 1996. The Capone-N-Noreaga album *The War Report* followed in 1997, which reached a peak of #21 on The *Billboard* 200 album sales chart.

Between 1997 and 1999, Penalty released albums by artists such as Skull Duggery, Crooked Lettaz (David Banner and Kamikaze), Half a Mill, and 187 Fac. It also released the first two solo albums by Noreaga. The first, N.O.R.E., reached a peak of #3 on The Billboard 200 and featured the Top 40 hit "Superthug", one of the earliest hits produced by The Neptunes (Pharrell Williams and Chad Hugo).

Levine sold the remaining 50% of Penalty to Tommy Boy in 1999, staying on long enough to complete the transition before moving on to eventually become Vice-President of Urban Marketing and Artist Development at TVT Records. The artists on Penalty became Tommy Boy artists following the close of the acquisition.

### 2002–2006

In 2002, Levine reestablished Penalty in partnership with Rykostar. a company for which Levine would also serve as the general manager of. The re-established label featured J-Live, The Beatnuts, Ali Shaheed Muhammad, MC Eiht, and Zion I among its roster, many of them with their own imprints on Penalty. Three of its key releases during this period between 2002 and 2006 were *Milk Me* by the Beanuts, *Shaheedullah And Stereotypes* by Ali Shaheed Muhammad, and *The Hear After* by J-Live.

Penalty was also one of the partners involved in producing and marketing the AND1 Mixtape Tour series of DVDs, featuring gameplay and interviews of streetball players. The label closed in 2006, when Levine became the head of Imperial Records for EMI Music.

### 2014–present

On January 21, 2014, Penalty was reactivated as an independent label distributed by RED, in 2014. Among its 1st signings were Penalty alumni Capone-N-Noreaga, who released a new album *Lessons*, in 2014. The label has also put out releases by Lil' Mo, Joell Ortiz, BeatKing, Hi-Rez and EMC, which includes Masta Ace, Wordsworth and Strick. Penalty released BeatKing's album *3 Weeks* on October 30, 2015, with upcoming releases by Statik KXNG (Statik Selektah & KXNG Crooked) and Trina set for release before the end of the year.

## Current artists

## InfoBox

| Penalty | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Parent company | Sony |
| Founded | 1995 (1995) |
| Founder | Neil Levine |
| Distributor(s) | Tommy Boy |
| Genre | Hip hop |
| Country of origin | United States |
| Location | New York City, New York |
| Official website | penaltyent.com |


title: Wigtoft

abstract: Wigtoft is a village and civil parish in Lincolnshire, England. It is situated on the A17 road, 6 miles (10 km) geographically south-west from Boston, Lincolnshire, and 1 mile (1.6 km) west from Sutterton. Included in Wigtoft civil parish are the hamlets of Asperton and Burtoft. The name 'Wigtoft' derives from the Old Norse and Old English, vik-toft, meaning 'curtilage by a creek'. Wigtoft is one of eighteen parishes which, together with Boston, form the Borough of Boston. The local government has been arranged in this way since the reorganisation of 1 April 1974, which resulted from the Local Government Act 1972. This parish forms part of the Five Villages electoral ward. Previously, the parish had formed part of Boston Rural District, in the Parts of Holland. Holland was one of the three divisions of the traditional county of Lincolnshire. Since the Local Government Act of 1888, Holland had been in most respects, a county in itself. The parish church is a Grade I listed building dedicated to Saint Peter and Saint Paul and dating from the 12th to 15th centuries and restored in 1891.

text:
# Wigtoft

**Wigtoft** is a village and civil parish in Lincolnshire, England. It is situated on the A17 road, 6 miles (10 km) geographically south-west from Boston, Lincolnshire, and 1 mile (1.6 km) west from Sutterton. Included in Wigtoft civil parish are the hamlets of Asperton and Burtoft.

The name 'Wigtoft' derives from the Old Norse and Old English, *vik-toft*, meaning 'curtilage by a creek'.

Wigtoft is one of eighteen parishes which, together with Boston, form the Borough of Boston. The local government has been arranged in this way since the reorganisation of 1 April 1974, which resulted from the Local Government Act 1972. This parish forms part of the Five Villages electoral ward.

Previously, the parish had formed part of Boston Rural District, in the Parts of Holland. Holland was one of the three divisions (formally known as *parts*) of the traditional county of Lincolnshire. Since the Local Government Act of 1888, Holland had been in most respects, a county in itself.

The parish church is a Grade I listed building dedicated to Saint Peter and Saint Paul and dating from the 12th to 15th centuries and restored in 1891.

| Year | Population |
| --- | --- |
| 1801 | 536 |
| 1811 | 555 |
| 1821 | 637 |
| 1831 | 697 |
| 1841 | 713 |
| 1851 | 741 |
| 1881 | 672 |
| 1891 | 653 |
| 1901 | 693 |
| 1911 | 723 |
| 1921 | 712 |
| 1931 | 702 |
| 1941 | N/A (World War II) |
| 1951 | 518 |
| 1961 | 505 |
| 2001 | 479 |
| 2011 | 491 |

* Media related to Wigtoft at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Wigtoft | |
| --- | --- |
| Church of St Peter and St Paul, Wigtoft | |
| WigtoftLocation within Lincolnshire | |
| Population | 491 (2011) |
| OS grid reference | TF262361 |
| London | 100 mi (160 km) |
| District |  |
| Shire county |  |
| Region |  |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | Boston |
| Postcode district | PE20 |
|  | |
| Police | Lincolnshire |
| Fire | Lincolnshire |
| Ambulance | East Midlands |
|  | |
| UK Parliament |  |
|


title: Marie Colban

abstract: Marie Colban was a Norwegian novelist, short story writer and translator.

text:
# Marie Colban

**Marie Colban** (18 December 1814  27 March 1884) was a Norwegian novelist, short story writer and translator.

## Biography

She was born at Christiania (now Oslo), Norway. She was the daughter of Peter Nicolai Schmidt (1776–1846) and Petronelle Sandberg (1787–1846). Her father was an attorney. She was married to teacher Nathanael Angell Colban (1793–1850) from 1836. After his death in 1850 she resided in Paris from 1856 and also wrote for Norwegian newspapers. In the summer months she usually visited Norway, but in the autumn she returned to Paris.

She translated Eugène Sue's novel *Mathilde* and other literary works from French into Norwegian language. Her first literary work was *Lærerinden* from 1869. She later wrote *Tre Noveller*, 1873, and *Jeg lever*, 1877. From 1882 to 1884 she published a series of memoir articles from her Paris years in the magazine *Nyt Tidsskrift*. She spent her final years in Rome, where she died in 1884 and was buried at the Protestant Cemetery.

## Selected works

* *Lærerinden, en Skizze*, 1869
* *Tre Noveller, tilegnet norske Kvinder*, 1873
* *Tre nye Noveller*, 1875
* *Jeg lever*, 1877
* *En gammel Jomfru*, 1879
* *Cleopatra*, 1880
* *Thyra*, 1882

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Marie Colban | |
| --- | --- |
| Colban as printed in the magazine *Illustreret Tidende* shortly after her death in 1884 | |
| Born | (1814-12-18)18 December 1814
Christiania, Norway |
| Died | 27 March 1884(1884-03-27) (aged 69)
Rome, Italy |
| Occupation(s) | novelist, short story writer and translator |


title: Lewis Burnand

abstract: Lewis Whitmore Burnand was an English first-class cricketer and stockbroker. The son of George Burnand, he was born in May 1839 in Bloomsbury. He was educated at Harrow School before going up to Corpus Christi College, Cambridge. He played first-class cricket for the Marylebone Cricket Club in 1863 and 1864, making two appearances against Cambridge University at Fenner's, though with little success. After graduating from Cambridge, Burnard worked as a stockbroker in the City of London and was a partner in the firm Burnand & Co.. He died at Worthing in January 1923.

text:
# Lewis Burnand

**Lewis Whitmore Burnand** (5 May 1839 – 31 January 1923) was an English first-class cricketer and stockbroker.

The son of George Burnand, he was born in May 1839 in Bloomsbury. He was educated at Harrow School before going up to Corpus Christi College, Cambridge. He played first-class cricket for the Marylebone Cricket Club in 1863 and 1864, making two appearances against Cambridge University at Fenner's, though with little success. After graduating from Cambridge, Burnard worked as a stockbroker in the City of London and was a partner in the firm Burnand & Co.. He died at Worthing in January 1923.

## InfoBox

Lewis Burnand
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Lewis Whitmore Burnand |
| Born | 5 May 1839
Bloomsbury, Middlesex, England |
| Died | 31 January 1923(1923-01-31) (aged 83)
Worthing, Sussex, England |
| Batting | Unknown |
| Domestic team information | |
| Years | Team |
| 18631864 | Marylebone Cricket Club |
|  | |
| Career statistics | |
| Competition First-class  Matches 2  Runs scored 4  Batting average 1.33  100s/50s –/–  Top score 4  Balls bowled 24  Wickets 0  Bowling average   5 wickets in innings   10 wickets in match   Best bowling   Catches/stumpings 1/– | |
|  | |
| Source: Cricinfo, 6 May 2021 | |


title: Weedon Beck Priory

abstract: Weedon Beck Priory, otherwise Weedon Bec Priory, was a Benedictine monastic cell in Weedon Bec, Northamptonshire, England. It was a dependency of Bec Abbey in Le Bec-Hellouin, Normandy. It was established after 1126 on an estate that already belonged to the abbey in 1086. Until 1291 it was administered from another Bec dependency, Ogbourne Priory, after 1291 by Bec directly. As an alien priory it was confiscated by Henry V in 1414, and its assets were given to Eton College in 1462.

text:
# Weedon Beck Priory

**Weedon Beck Priory**, otherwise **Weedon Bec Priory**, was a Benedictine monastic cell in Weedon Bec, Northamptonshire, England. It was a dependency of Bec Abbey in Le Bec-Hellouin, Normandy. It was established after 1126 on an estate that already belonged to the abbey in 1086. Until 1291 it was administered from another Bec dependency, Ogbourne Priory, after 1291 by Bec directly. As an alien priory it was confiscated by Henry V in 1414, and its assets were given to Eton College in 1462.