title: Li Tie

abstract: Li Tie is a Chinese professional football coach and former player. As a player he represented Liaoning in the Chinese Jia-A League, Everton in the Premier League, Sheffield United in the Football League Championship and Chengdu Blades in the Chinese Super League. At international level, he made 92 appearances scoring six goals for the China national team. After retirement from playing, he started his coaching career as an assistant coach at Guangzhou Evergrande. He moved to the China national team and then Hebei China Fortune where he gained his first coaching position.

text:
# Li Tie

**Li Tie** (simplified Chinese: 李铁; traditional Chinese: 李鐵; pinyin: *Lǐ Tiě*; born 18 May 1977) is a Chinese professional football coach and former player.

As a player he represented Liaoning in the Chinese Jia-A League, Everton in the Premier League, Sheffield United in the Football League Championship and Chengdu Blades in the Chinese Super League. At international level, he made 92 appearances scoring six goals for the China national team. After retirement from playing, he started his coaching career as an assistant coach at Guangzhou Evergrande. He moved to the China national team and then Hebei China Fortune where he gained his first coaching position.

## Club career

### Liaoning FC

Li Tie began his football career at the age of fifteen, joining Liaoning's youth academy system in 1992. The following year, he was sent to Brazil for a five-year training programme sponsored by Jianlibao and became the captain of the newly organized youth football team. Li started his professional career by playing for Liaoning and rose to prominence during the 1999 league season when Liaoning finished as runners-up within the league.

### Everton

One of the highest regarded Chinese players of his generation, Li secured a loan transfer in a deal brokered between sponsor Kejian and Premier League side Everton in August 2002. Despite initial skepticism at Merseyside, his first season as an Everton player was a surprising success. Then manager David Moyes played him in twenty-nine league games and started him in most of his appearances where his displays, as a defensive midfielder helped the club achieve a seventh-place finish during the 2002-03 season.

Following Li's successful loan spell, Everton battled with his former club Liaoning to sign him on a permanent basis after the 2002-03 season and the deal was finally negotiated on 12 August 2003 when Li signed a three-year contract. Everton paid £1,200,000 for his transfer with two-thirds of the deal paid by sponsorships. The club's ownership let him move to the Premier League despite higher offers from Chinese clubs. At the beginning of the 2003-04 season, Li's start was marred by a sending off against Arsenal on 16 August 2003 after only been substituted on for David Unsworth. A series of injuries followed which meant that Li only played five league matches that season. The last injury, a broken leg picked up during international duty in February 2004, ruled him out for another twelve months. In January 2005, when Li made his return to the pitch by playing for Everton's reserve side against Bolton Wanderers, he lasted just forty-one minutes and required his leg to be reassessed.

In the summer of 2005, eighteen months since his last game for the Everton first team, Li played the full match against FC Gamlitz in a pre-season friendly. He made a number of other preseason appearances and looked as if he was finally coming back to full fitness. However, he never managed to break back into the first team despite playing regularly for the reserves and even earning another international call-up for the Chinese national team. In March 2006, Li underwent another operation to remove pieces of bone that had grown on his ankle during his time on the sidelines.

### Sheffield United

In May 2006, Li was released by Everton and Sheffield United announced his signing on a free transfer in July 2006, agreeing to a two-year contract. Following his move, Li spent some time training with China League One side Chengdu Blades, which was owned by Sheffield United, while waiting for his visa clearance. On 19 September 2006, Li made his first competitive club start since January 2004 by appearing for Sheffield United in a League Cup match against Bury. However, Li did not make another appearance for Sheffield United afterwards due to his lingering injury.

On 12 October 2007, Li was told he could leave Sheffield United on a free transfer, with then manager Bryan Robson saying: "He's not in my plans and he is free to go wherever he wants on a free transfer." Only two days later though, Sheffield United changed their mind on the decision and stated that he would stay at the club until the end of the season before having his future evaluated.

### Back to China

Despite reassurances to the contrary, Li did indeed move in 2008, transferring to Sheffield United's affiliated club Chengdu Blades to reinforce the team after their promotion to the Chinese Super League and made his debut in the opening game of the 2008 season against his former club Liaoning Whowin. He scored first league goal in his football career in a 3-1 win against Shenzhen Shangqingyin in October 2008.

After spending one season with Chengdu, Li decided to return to his hometown club Liaoning Whowin to help them in their promotion push back to the top tier. It proved to be an immediate success when he guided them to the securing the second tier league title and being promoted back to the top flight after only one season. He suffered an injury in October 2010 which ruled him out for the whole 2011 season. After not fully recovering from his leg injury, Li announced that he had decided to retire from football at the end of the 2011 season.

## International career

Li was one of four players called up from the Shenzhen Youth for the final round of 1998 FIFA World Cup qualifiers by Qi Wusheng, along with Li Jinyu, Sui Dongliang, and Zhang Xiaorui. He was already a veteran in the China national team by the time the national team played in the 2002 FIFA World Cup. Recovering from an injury, Li returned to competitive football in June 2006 with substitute appearances for the China national team against Switzerland and France. He was once again called up to play for the national team in a friendly against Thailand on 10 August 2006 and in a 2007 AFC Asian Cup qualifier against Singapore on 16 August 2006. Li remained as a part of the national side and was called up by Zhu Guanghu to play the 2007 AFC Asian Cup, but failed to make an appearance during the tournament.

## Managerial career

On 25 May 2012, Li accepted an invitation from Guangzhou Evergrande manager Marcello Lippi to become one of his assistant coaches. He also became the assistant coach of the Chinese national team under Alain Perrin in May 2014. He resigned from his position as assistant coach on 26 June 2015 after about three seasons with Guangzhou.

Li became the deputy general manager, sports director and assistant coach at China League One side Hebei China Fortune on 14 July 2015. On 18 August 2015, he was assigned as the manager of the club after Radomir Antić's departure. Li led the club to win promotion to Chinese Super League in the 2015 season by winning eight matches in the rest of nine and finishing the runners-up in the league. On 27 August 2016, Li was replaced by Manuel Pellegrini after winning just one match in the last nine matches.

On 16 November 2017, Li was appointed as the head coach of China League One club Wuhan Zall. In the 2018 season, he led the club to the Chinese Super after a five-year absence, being confirmed as champions and achieving promotion with three matches remaining in the season.

He acted as caretaker coach of Chinese national team following the resignation of Marcello Lippi in 2019. On 2 January 2020, Li was appointed as the new manager of China. On 3 December 2021, Li was replaced by fellow 2002 World Cup teammate Li Xiaopeng.

## Corruption investigation

On 26 November 2022, Li was placed under investigation for "serious violations of laws" by the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (CCDI), the party's internal disciplinary body, and the National Supervisory Commission, the highest anti-corruption agency of China.

On 23 February 2024, it was reported that Li had been sentenced to life imprisonment after admitting to "accepting and offering bribes" while manager of the Chinese national team and for being involved in match-fixing while manager of Hebei China Fortune and Wuhan Zall.

## Career statistics

### Club

Appearances and goals by club, season and competition
| Club | Season | League | | | National cup | | League cup | | Continental | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Liaoning | 1999 | Chinese Jia-A League | 24 | 0 |  |  |  | |  | | 24 | 0 |
| | 2000 | | 25 | 0 |  |  |  | |  | | 25 | 0 |
| | 2001 | | 26 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  | |  | | 26 | 0 |
| | 2002 | | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  | |  | | 7 | 0 |
| | Total | | 82 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 82 | 0 |
| Everton | 2002-03 | Premier League | 29 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 33 | 0 |
| | 2003-04 | | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 |
| | 2004-05 | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| | 2005-06 | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| | Total | | 34 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 40 | 0 |
| Sheffield United | 2006-07 | Premier League | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |  | | 1 | 0 |
| | 2007-08 | English Championship | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  | | 0 | 0 |
| | Total | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Chengdu Blades | 2008 | Chinese Super League | 24 | 1 |  | |  | |  | | 24 | 1 |
| Liaoning Whowin | 2009 | China League One | 22 | 1 |  | |  | |  | | 22 | 1 |
| | 2010 | Chinese Super League | 24 | 0 |  | |  | |  | | 24 | 0 |
| | | 2011 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  | |  | | 0 | 0 |
| | Total | | 46 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 46 | 1 |
| Career total | | | 186 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 193 | 2 |

### International

*Scores and results list China's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Li goal.*

List of international goals scored by Li Tie
| No. | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 29 January 1997 | Kunming Tuodong Sports Center, Kunming, China | United States | 2–0 | 2–1 | Friendly |
| 2 | 20 April 1997 | Workers' Stadium, Beijing, China | Myanmar | ?–0 | 5–0 | |
| 3 | 14 January 2000 | Tianhe Stadium, Guangzhou, China | New Zealand | 1–0 | 1–0 | 2000 Four Nations Tournament |
| 4 | 23 January 2000 | Thong Nhat Stadium, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam | Philippines | 8–0 | 8–0 | 2000 AFC Asian Cup qualification |
| 5 | 26 January 2000 | | Guam | 14–0 | 19–0 | |
| 6 | 14 February 2001 | National Stadium, Bangkok, Thailand | Thailand | 5–1 | 5–1 | 2001 King's Cup |

## Managerial statistics

*As of 11 November 2021*

| Team | From | To | Record | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | G | W | D | L | Win % |
| Hebei China Fortune | 18 August 2015 | 27 August 2016 | 36 | 20 | 6 | 10 | 055.56 |
| Wuhan Zall | 16 November 2017 | 1 January 2020 | 62 | 31 | 17 | 14 | 050.00 |
| China | 31 October 2019 | 3 December 2021 | 12 | 6 | 1 | 5 | 050.00 |
| Total | | | 110 | 57 | 24 | 29 | 051.82 |

## Honours

### Player

**Liaoning Whowin**

**Individual**

### Manager

**Wuhan Zall**

**Individual**

* China League One Coach of the Year: 2018

1. "Everton Squad, Everton Players – evertonfc.com – The Official Website of Everton Football Club". Archived from the original on 11 March 2009.
2. "Everton secure Li Tie deal". *BBC News*. 12 August 2003.
3. "Campbell off in Arsenal win". *BBC News*. 16 August 2003.
4. "Sheffield Utd close in on Li Tie". bbc.co.uk. 6 July 2006. Retrieved 7 February 2009.
5. "Sheff Utd 1-0 Bury". BBC. 19 September 2006. Retrieved 11 October 2015.
6. "Blades keep Tie on". skysports.com. 14 October 2007. Retrieved 22 April 2012.
7. "Li Tie to Re-appear on Domestic Pitch". crienglish.com. 28 January 2008. Archived from the original on 16 January 2013. Retrieved 22 April 2012.
8. 成都3–1深圳止连败 汪嵩传射建功李铁中超首球 (in Chinese). sports.163.com. 25 October 2008. Retrieved 7 February 2009.
9. 李铁正式出任国足新助教 目标锁定明年亚洲杯
10. 李铁向恒大提出辞职 三年助教感谢三主帅信任
11. 河北华夏宣布李铁加盟 身兼3职任中方教练组组长
12. 河北华夏宣布安蒂奇下课 李铁成新任主帅
13. 李铁：带队9场8胜1平满意 明年中超是更大挑战
14. "Manuel Pellegrini appointed by Chinese Super League's Hebei China Fortune". *The Guardian*. 27 August 2016. Retrieved 27 August 2016.
15. 华夏幸福官方宣布李铁下课 佩莱格里尼任主教练
16. 武汉卓尔官宣李铁成为新帅 新赛季全力冲击中超 (in Chinese)
17. 中甲-冲超！汉军归来！卓尔时隔五年重返中超舞台 (in Chinese)
18. 中国足协任命李铁为国家男子足球队主教练. 2 January 2020.
19. 官方：足协同意李铁辞职，李霄鹏出任国足新帅. *Dongqiudi* (in Chinese). 3 December 2021. Retrieved 3 December 2021.
20. "Former head coach of China football team under probe". *xinhuanet.com*. 26 November 2022. Retrieved 1 February 2023.
21. Shi, Futian (28 November 2022). "Former national coach probed in fresh low for Chinese game". *Chinadaily.com*. Retrieved 1 February 2023.
22. Guo, Rui (26 November 2022). "China's former football head coach Li Tie under investigation for 'serious violations of the law'". *South China Morning Post*. Retrieved 1 February 2023.
23. "Former head coach of China's national soccer team under investigation". *Reuters*. 26 November 2022. Retrieved 1 February 2023.
24. 中国国家男子足球队原主教练李铁接受监察调查. *ccdi.gov.cn* (in Chinese). 26 November 2022. Retrieved 1 February 2023.
25. "Former Everton and Sheffield United footballer 'jailed for life for match-fixing and paying bribes'". *LBC*. 23 February 2024. Retrieved 23 February 2024.
26. 李铁
27. "中甲最终积分榜：辽宁冠军南昌冲超成功 四川降级". *sports.sina.com.cn*. 28 March 2009. Retrieved 6 August 2019.
28. 中甲联赛颁奖典礼在京举行 共颁出各类共17大奖项

## InfoBox

Li Tie
李铁
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1977-05-18) 18 May 1977 | | |
| Place of birth | Shenyang, Liaoning, China | | |
| Height | 1.83 m (6 ft 0 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Defensive midfielder | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| 1992–1998 | Liaoning | | |
| 1993–1998 | Shenzhen Jianlibao (loan) | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1998–2003 | Liaoning | 82 | (17) |
| 2002–2003 | Everton (loan) | 29 | (0) |
| 2003–2006 | Everton | 5 | (0) |
| 2006–2008 | Sheffield United | 0 | (0) |
| 2008 | Chengdu Blades | 24 | (1) |
| 2009–2011 | Liaoning | 46 | (1) |
| Total |  | **186** | **(19)** |
| International career | | | |
| 1995–2007 | China | 92 | (6) |
| Managerial career | | | |
| 2012–2015 | Guangzhou Evergrande (assistant coach) | | |
| 2014 | China (assistant coach) | | |
| 2015 | Hebei China Fortune (assistant coach) | | |
| 2015–2016 | Hebei China Fortune | | |
| 2016–2017 | China (assistant coach) | | |
| 2017–2019 | Wuhan Zall | | |
| 2019–2021 | China | | |
| Medal record      Men's football  Representing  China  Asian Games  1998 Bangkok Football | | | |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Vunadidir/Toma Rural LLG

abstract: Vunadidir/Toma Rural LLG is a local-level government (LLG) of East New Britain Province, Papua New Guinea.

text:
# Vunadidir/Toma Rural LLG

**Vunadidir/Toma Rural LLG** is a local-level government (LLG) of East New Britain Province, Papua New Guinea.

## Wards

* 02. Rabagi No.1
* 03. Rabagi No.2
* 05. Rapitok No.1
* 06. Rapitok No.2
* 07. Rapitok No.3
* 08. Rapitok No.4
* 09. Ratavul
* 10. Vunakabi
* 11. Tanaka
* 12. Taulil No.1 (Taulil language speakers)
* 13. Taulil No.2 (Taulil language speakers)
* 14. Vunadidir
* 15. Bitakapuk No.1
* 16. Bitakapuk No.2
* 17. Tagitagi No.1
* 18. Tagitagi No.2
* 19. Wariki No.1
* 20. Wariki No.2
* 21. Wariki No.3
* 22. Wariki No.4
* 23. Viviran No.1
* 24. Viviran No.2
* 25. Vunakaur
* 26. Baie
* 27. Papalaba
* 28. Vunararere
* 29. Tamanairik No.1
* 30. Tamanairik No.2
* 31. Rabata
* 32. Gunanur-Gbone
* 33. Raim
* 34. Rapitok

## InfoBox

| Vunadidir/Toma Rural LLG | |
| --- | --- |
| Vunadidir/Toma Rural LLGLocation within Papua New Guinea | |
| Coordinates: 4°21′18″S 152°08′39″E / 4.354906°S 152.144099°E / -4.354906; 152.144099 (Vunadidir) | |
| Country | Papua New Guinea |
| Province | East New Britain Province |
| Time zone | UTC+10 (AEST) |


abstract:
The Los Sri Lanka Parakramabahu Brothers Featuring Elio e le Storie Tese is a maxi single by Italian rock band Elio e le Storie Tese. The title refers to Elio e le Storie Tese pretending that two Sri Lankan people, who were called to clean the rehearsal studio, are the actual authors of the album.
The single was publicized at the time as a full-length album, although the band has always intended it as a special Christmas single.

text:
# The Los Sri Lanka Parakramabahu Brothers Featuring Elio e le Storie Tese

***The Los Sri Lanka Parakramabahu Brothers Featuring Elio e le Storie Tese*** is a maxi single by Italian rock band Elio e le Storie Tese.

The title refers to Elio e le Storie Tese pretending that two Sri Lankan people, who were called to clean the rehearsal studio, are the actual authors of the album. The single was publicized at the time as a full-length album, although the band has always intended it as a special Christmas single.

## Track listing

1. "Introducing the Real Pulun Vage Sudu Raula Digay" – 1:00
2. "Pulun Vage Sudu Raula Digay" – 1:08
3. "Outroducing the Real Pulun Vage Raula Digay" – 0:27
4. "Agnello Medley" – 2:35
5. "Parakramabahu Rajatuma (Live in concertino)" – 3:06
6. "Natale in casa Wizzent" – 5:54
7. "Silos (Live in concertino)" – 4:21
8. "Raccomando" – 2:12

**Bonus tracks only included in the CD version of the album**

1. "Giocatore mondiale" – 7:05
2. "Born to be Abramo (Saturday Night Strage)" – 5:35

1. "The Los Sri Lanka Parakramabahu Brothers featuring Elio e le Storie Tese". *Marok* (in Italian). 12 November 2002. Retrieved 23 August 2015.
2. Di Mambro, Angelo (2004). *L'importanza di chiamarsi Elio. Storia e gloria del più importante gruppo italiano* (in Italian). Castelvecchi.

## InfoBox

| "The Los Sri Lanka Parakramabahu Brothers Featuring Elio e le Storie Tese" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Elio e le Storie Tese | |
| Released | 1990 |
| Genre | Comedy rock |
| Length | 33:27 |
| Label | Psycho
Epic Records |
| Producer(s) | Otar Bolivecic |
| Elio e le Storie Tese singles chronology | |
| "'Elio samaga hukapan kariyana turu'"
(1989) "**The Los Sri Lanka Parakramabahu Brothers Featuring Elio e le Storie Tese**"
(1990) "'İtalyan, rum casusu çikti'"
(1992) | |


title: North Atlantic '86

abstract: North Atlantic '86 is a computer wargame written by Gary Grigsby for the Apple II and published in 1983 by Strategic Simulations. The game covers a hypothetical conflict between NATO and the Soviet Union. A Mac version was released in 1986. North Atlantic '86 was Grigsby's third game. It began development as a part-time project while he worked for the United States Department of Defense, like his previous titles Guadalcanal Campaign and Bomb Alley, but Grigsby left the position to become a full-time game developer during North Atlantic's production. The title reuses the game engine from his first two games, with upgrades. He followed it with Carrier Force (1983).

text:
# North Atlantic '86

***North Atlantic '86*** is a computer wargame written by Gary Grigsby for the Apple II and published in 1983 by Strategic Simulations. The game covers a hypothetical conflict between NATO and the Soviet Union. A Mac version was released in 1986.

*North Atlantic '86* was Grigsby's third game. It began development as a part-time project while he worked for the United States Department of Defense, like his previous titles *Guadalcanal Campaign* and *Bomb Alley*, but Grigsby left the position to become a full-time game developer during *North Atlantic*'s production. The title reuses the game engine from his first two games, with upgrades. He followed it with *Carrier Force* (1983).

## Game details

The back story showed that Warsaw Pact forces had successfully overrun most of Western Europe by the end of August, 1986. Next, the naval and air forces of the Soviet Union needed to close the North Atlantic and sever the supply line between North America and Britain. NATO's task was to keep the sea lanes open and Britain supplied, primarily by using convoys of supply and troop ships guarded by carrier battle groups when available. Nuclear weapons were not available to either the NATO or Soviet Union commanders. Game play options allowed two human players to pick either the NATO or Soviet Union. Solo play was limited to the NATO side only as the Soviet Union was always played by the computer AI.

The game supplied two mini-game scenarios and two full campaign scenarios. Duration for the two mini-games were 12 and 20 turns each. Duration for the full campaigns were 252 and 122 turns. In Grigsby's prior games, the computer kept track of the number of torpedoes carried on each ship and submarine. But the need to keep track of so many other variables in *North Atlantic '86* necessitated deletion of those counters. Instead each ship had a fixed probability of exhausting its stock of torpedoes each time it fired. This meant, for example, that a submarine might run out of torpedoes after its first attack.

Other weaknesses of *North Atlantic '86* included the ability of unarmed search and cargo aircraft to go anywhere they had the range to go, immune to enemy fighters. This allowed bases that should have been isolated to be supplied and active. Additionally, search aircraft could spot enemy ships almost anywhere in the Atlantic. This led to airstrikes every twelve hours whenever ships were at sea, an unlikely tempo of operations.

In spite of these and other limitations, the game was an extraordinary achievement, given that all program code and game data were on a 140KB floppy disk, and the game executed on an Apple II with as little as 48KB of RAM. In fact, Grigsby pushed the limits of the Apple II so far that there would not have been enough memory available without using SSI's proprietary RDOS instead of Apple's conventional operating system. The players faced a number of challenging decisions, but they had a variety of potent ships and aircraft at their disposal. Although the game relied on text for most of the interaction with the players, most players found high excitement levels during the combat phase. Program execution was surprisingly fast for a BASIC program on an 8-bit 1 MHz CPU, although later turns when most vessels and aircraft were deployed could take 4–6 hours to execute. Combat was intense, and losses on both sides were high.

## Development

*North Atlantic '86* was designed by Gary Grigsby. He worked on the game part-time for the first half of production, while holding a full-time civil service position. He had made his previous titles *Guadalcanal Campaign* and *Bomb Alley* entirely in his spare time. The game used the same basic program used by Grigsby's previous *Guadalcanal Campaign* and *Bomb Alley*, which were coded in the Applesoft BASIC language. Each turn represented twelve hours, but in *North Atlantic '86*, sea, air and land combat could also take place at night instead of only during daytime turns. There were many additional features, such as electronic warfare, missile attacks, and the ability to conduct airborne assaults using paratroopers. Game operations allowed certain forward bases to be captured and recaptured which made the possession of Iceland especially valuable.

Grigsby released *North Atlantic '86* in 1983, the same year he launched *Carrier Force*.

## Reception

*Computer Gaming World* wrote that *North Atlantic '86* "definitely should not be your first computer wargame. But, it definitely should be *one* of your computer wargames!"

## InfoBox

| North Atlantic '86 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Developer(s) | Gary Grigsby |
| Publisher(s) | Strategic Simulations |
| Platform(s) | Apple II, Mac |
| Release |  |
| Genre(s) | Wargame |
| Mode(s) | Single-player |


title: Madawaska (CDP), Maine

abstract: Madawaska is a census-designated place (CDP) comprising the main village within the town of Madawaska in Aroostook County, Maine, United States. The population of the CDP was 2,967 at the 2010 census, out of a population of 4,035 for the entire town.

text:
# Madawaska (CDP), Maine

**Madawaska** is a census-designated place (CDP) comprising the main village within the town of Madawaska in Aroostook County, Maine, United States. The population of the CDP was 2,967 at the 2010 census, out of a population of 4,035 for the entire town.

## Geography

The Madawaska CDP is located at 47°21′9″N 68°19′51″W / 47.35250°N 68.33083°W / 47.35250; -68.33083 (47.352645, −68.330943) in the northwestern corner of the town of Madawaska. The Saint John River forms the northern edge of the CDP as well as the Canada–United States border. U.S. Route 1 runs east–west through the center of the CDP, leading 19 miles (31 km) southwest (officially northbound) to Fort Kent, the highway's northern terminus, and 47 miles (76 km) southeast (southbound) to Caribou. A bridge across the Saint John River connects Madawaska with the city of Edmundston, New Brunswick, Canada. The Madawaska River of New Brunswick joins the Saint John River just east (downstream) of the international bridge.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the Madawaska CDP has a total area of 5.4 square miles (14.0 km2), of which 5.3 square miles (13.7 km2) is land and 0.12 square miles (0.3 km2), or 1.89%, is water.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2020 | 2,797 |  |  |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |

| Languages (2000) | Percent |
| --- | --- |
| Spoke French at home | 83.54% |
| Spoke English at home | 16.46% |

As of the census of 2000, there were 3,326 people, 1,523 households, and 927 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 629.8 inhabitants per square mile (243.2/km2). There were 1,667 housing units at an average density of 315.7 per square mile (121.9/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 98.11% White, 0.09% Black or African American, 0.51% Native American, 0.66% Asian, 0.12% from other races, and 0.51% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.18% of the population.

There were 1,523 households, out of which 23.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.7% were married couples living together, 6.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.1% were non-families. 35.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.11 and the average family size was 2.73.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 18.7% under the age of 18, 5.3% from 18 to 24, 23.7% from 25 to 44, 30.4% from 45 to 64, and 21.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females, there were 86.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.3 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $30,605, and the median income for a family was $43,287. Males had a median income of $47,429 versus $23,233 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $17,657. About 4.4% of families and 9.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.8% of those under age 18 and 12.6% of those age 65 or over.

## InfoBox

| Madawaska, Maine | |
| --- | --- |
| Census-designated place | |
|  | |
| Location of Madawaska, Maine | |
| Coordinates: 47°21′10″N 68°19′51″W / 47.35278°N 68.33083°W / 47.35278; -68.33083 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Maine |
| County | Aroostook |
| Town | Madawaska |
| Area | |
| Total | 5.39 sq mi (13.97 km2) |
| Land | 5.29 sq mi (13.70 km2) |
| Water | 0.10 sq mi (0.26 km2) |
| Elevation | 574 ft (175 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 2,797 |
| Density | 528.63/sq mi (204.09/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| ZIP code | 04756 |
| Area code | 207 |
| FIPS code | 23-42485 |
| GNIS feature ID | 0570640 |


title: Oboro (Nigeria)

abstract: Oboro is the largest of four clans in Ikwuano Local Government Area of Abia State, Nigeria. It is bounded to the north by Ibeku and Bende clans, west by the Olokoro and Ngwa, east by Ibere and south by the Isuogu. Oboro was classified in the Ohuhu-Ngwa cluster of the Southern Igbo area by British anthropologists Forde and Jones. It is also one of 18 Igbo clans in the Old Bende Division of the defunct Owerri Province. The Oboro speak a common language with the other 17 clans of the Bende Division though dialectal variations exist. These clans share a history of inter-ethnic relations.

text:
# Oboro (Nigeria)

**Oboro** is the largest of four clans in Ikwuano Local Government Area of Abia State, Nigeria. It is bounded to the north by Ibeku and Bende clans, west by the Olokoro and Ngwa, east by Ibere and south by the Isuogu (Ariam/Usaka and Oloko). Oboro was classified in the Ohuhu-Ngwa cluster of the Southern Igbo area by British anthropologists Forde and Jones. It is also one of 18 Igbo clans in the Old Bende Division of the defunct Owerri Province. The Oboro speak a common language with the other 17 clans of the Bende Division though dialectal variations exist. These clans share a history of inter-ethnic relations.

## Origin

The earliest settlers in Oboro came from Bende, Ngwa and Ukwa areas. They defeated the Ibibio aborigines at Mbiopong (now known as Isiala) and settled first at Ahiafor and later moved down to Ahuwa where they settled. Some of the Ibibios retreated to their kins at Nkari, while others retired to a little outpost about a mile south-west of Mbiopong. Today, that settlement is known as Obunta.

One of the early groups to settle in the Oboro area came with two deities namely Ikenga Oboro, a male god and Ala Oboro, the wife. When the priest of Ala Oboro died, his wife married from the defeated people of Mbiopong and ran back to her people with the deity. Before this, Ikenga Oboro had become a terror to the people of Ahuwa who were glad to get rid of it. Thus, when Ala Oboro was taken to Mbiopong, the people of Ahuwa village readily accepted and were seeking to transfer Ikenga's ire to Mbiopong, they directed all people who came to offer sacrifices to Ikenga to send them to Ala Oboro where Ikenga might as well enjoy the sacrifice with his wife. By this, Mbiopong, the home of the original settlers of Oboro, became the headquarters of Oboro.

Some of the villages claim that they are descendants of the men who had formerly lived at Mbiopong but had left there due to a scarcity of water and had moved to the site of their present villages where water was abundant. Water was scarce at Mbiopong though other parts of Oboro were and are still well-watered. The people of Mbiopong claim that they originally came from Umuemenike, a village of the Ibere clan. Other villages state that their ancestors came from different villages. Thus, Ekebedi say that they came originally from the Ntalakwu villages of Itu in Bende Ofufa near the Ikot Ekpene boundary. Ogbuebulle say that their ancestors originated from Idima Abam and settled at Amaoba, an Oboro village and that in the course of time a dispute arose. Consequently, the ancestors of the present village of Ogbuebulle left Amaoba and settled at Ogbuebulle. Umuohu was the oldest settlement in Nnono amongst the five different hamlets, each of which has its own version of history of origin. Oronta, which was an independent community, later joined Nnono, thereby making it six hamlets. Oronta is made up of three hamlets; Okpuala, Umugbari and Ubibia. History has it that two brothers; Ebuta and Otogu from Ubibia in Itumbauzo migrated to Oronta in the 17th century to establish a new settlement. Okwe arrived Oboro from Ukwa Nkasi of the Aro area, headed by a man from Akpakara compound. Ndoro came from Amaoba, the family of Mazi Odugbo Ajonu of Abam. Ogbuebulle village is on the same base with Ndoro.

Ekweri village is the offspring of Mbiopong and it is now the boundary between Oboro and Ariam.

## Socio-political structure

Naturally, Oboro is divided into eight units of communities known as Oboro Isiama Asato, namely: Mbiopong, Ikwueke (Ntalakwu, Ahuwa and Umuigu), Ekweri, Ogbuebulle, Amaoba, Ndoro, Okwe, Awom Na Ebo (Amawom, Umugbalu, Umuariaga, Umuokwo and Amanya).

In ancient times, Oboro generally had every Afo Uku day as a big market and worshipping day. They had a market called Ahia Afor in which they held meetings and took final decisions on every matter affecting Oboro as a whole.

In Ahia Afor, all animals used for sacrifices are being shared according to the rank of Juju recognition in Oboro.

Ogbuebulle, which is part and parcel of the Amaoba family and Ekweri, which is part and parcel of Mbiopong were separated from their families during the grouping because of their far distance from their families.

For easy governance, the eight villages (Isiama Asato) were divided into two equal parts that are:

i) Akpakpanta

ii) Akpakpaukwu

\- Akpakpanta: Mbiopong, Ikwueke, Ekweri and Ogbuebulle.

\- Akpakpaukwu: Nnono, Amaoba, Okwe and Awom Na Ebo.

Whenever there are any dividends, the Akpakpantas get first and carry the head of any animal slaughtered in Oboro as a whole. Then the Akpakpaukwu headed by Nnono get last and carry the jaw of the animal. The 'Ukwu' and 'Nta' as suffixed on the Akpakpas indicates those villages who have high and lower populations in Oboro, and not that anyone is superior to the other.

However, as the headquarters, Mbiopong (now Isiala) is attached to the Ntas. It is regarded as the eldest of the Ntas.

There is another type of seniority in Oboro as a whole, and that is Juju recognition. Mbiopong comes first for they cared for Ala Oboro. Ahuwa comes second for they cared for Ikenga Oboro (Juju). Ekweri comes third for they cared for Ogwuma Oboro. Nnono comes fourth for they are the first to serve Ala Oboro with 'Osia' first, before any celebration, then comes other villages according to their merits.

## Culture

The Oboro people celebrate the Ekpe festival by January annually which is followed by a New Yam Festival. It is a festival commonly practiced by her neighbors both in Ikwuano and Umuahia, though it was invented by the Efik-Ibibio. The Oboro people speak Igbo (the third most populous language in Nigeria) but like other Igbo groups, have a unique dialect. Nnono communities speak a similar dialect with the Ngwa, while other villages in Oboro do so with the Bende people. For instance, "how are you" in the Ngwa dialect is "*ndighi otu i nu*" while the Oboro say "*ndighi mkpa imere*". The Bende and Oboro people both use "*Owara*" and "*Ka*" in greeting. The Oboro are known to be warriors, also to be industrialistic and hospitable in nature. They boast of a rich cultural heritage and dress like other groups in Igboland. Ofe Achara with Akpuruakpu Elile alongside Eba is a dish that is well consumed by the Oboro people. They are predominantly traders, farmers and hunters. The arrival of British missionaries in the last century facilitated the advent of Christianity in Oboroland, hence, it is now dominantly practiced.

## Villages

Oboro clan consists of 19 villages which are :

Autonomous communities exist within these villages.

Ahuwa, Ntalakwu and Umuigu are the group of communities that constitute Ikwueke; a kindred of the Oboro clan.

Aro Ayama (part of Oru) and Aro Ajatakiri are communities of Aro ancestry living amongst the Oboro people.

## Notable people

1. Rapheal (2021-04-28). "Relations, friends bid farewell to former envoy, urge FG to immortalize him". *The Sun Nigeria*. Retrieved 2023-05-07.

## InfoBox

Oboro
*Ndi Oboro*
| Oboro | |
| --- | --- |
| Total population | |
| 70,407 (1921) | |
| Languages | |
| Oboro Igbo, English, Nigerian Pidgin | |
| Religion | |
| Christianity (majority methodist) | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Ibere, Ibeku, Ngwa, Asa, Ndoki, Bende, Abam, Aro, Itumbauzo, Ibibio | |


title: Nantmel

abstract: Nantmel is a village and a community in Radnorshire, Powys, Wales, and is 76.5 miles (123.1 km) from Cardiff and 150.5 miles (242.2 km) from London. In 2011 the population of Nantmel was 621 with 11.8% of them able to speak Welsh. The population of the community was 637 as of the 2011 UK Census. In 1870, John Marius Wilson described the village as a parish and village in the Rhayader district or Radnor. The hamlets of Argoed, Dulas and Cynllo all lie within this community and the Ty Lettice Roman Road runs through it. It is home to Wales National Cycle Museum and Lion Royal Hotel Trekking.

text:
# Nantmel

**Nantmel** is a village and a community in Radnorshire, Powys, Wales, and is 76.5 miles (123.1 km) from Cardiff and 150.5 miles (242.2 km) from London. In 2011 the population of Nantmel was 621 with 11.8% of them able to speak Welsh. The population of the community was 637 as of the 2011 UK Census.

In 1870, John Marius Wilson described the village as a parish and village in the Rhayader district or Radnor.

The hamlets of Argoed, Dulas and Cynllo all lie within this community and the Ty Lettice Roman Road runs through it.

It is home to Wales National Cycle Museum and Lion Royal Hotel Trekking.

## Governance

An electoral ward in the same name exists. The population of this ward at the 2011 Census was 1,465.

## InfoBox

| Nantmel | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| NantmelLocation within Powys | |
| Population | 637 |
| OS grid reference | SO 0335 6635 |
| Cardiff | 76.5 mi (123.1 km) |
| London | 150.5 mi (242.2 km) |
| Community | * Nantmel |
| Principal area |  |
| Country | Wales |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | LLANDRINDOD WELLS |
| Postcode district | LD1 |
| Post town | RHAYADER |
| Postcode district | LD6 |
|  | |
| Police | Dyfed-Powys |
| Fire | Mid and West Wales |
| Ambulance | Welsh |
|  | |
|


title: Liberty (general interest magazine)

abstract: Liberty was an American weekly general-interest magazine, originally priced at five cents and subtitled, "A Weekly for Everybody." It was launched in 1924 by McCormick-Patterson, the publisher until 1931, when it was taken over by Bernarr Macfadden until 1941. At one time it was said to be "the second greatest magazine in America," ranking behind The Saturday Evening Post in circulation. It featured contributions from some of the biggest politicians, celebrities, authors, and artists of the 20th century. The contents of the magazine provided a unique look into popular culture, politics, and world events through the Roaring Twenties, Great Depression, World War II, and postwar America. It ceased publication in 1950 and was revived briefly in 1971.

text:
# Liberty (general interest magazine)

***Liberty*** was an American weekly general-interest magazine, originally priced at five cents and subtitled, "A Weekly for Everybody." It was launched in 1924 by McCormick-Patterson, the publisher until 1931, when it was taken over by Bernarr Macfadden until 1941. At one time it was said to be "the second greatest magazine in America," ranking behind *The Saturday Evening Post* in circulation. It featured contributions from some of the biggest politicians, celebrities, authors, and artists of the 20th century. The contents of the magazine provided a unique look into popular culture, politics, and world events through the Roaring Twenties, Great Depression, World War II, and postwar America. It ceased publication in 1950 and was revived briefly in 1971.

## History

*Liberty* Magazine was founded in 1924 by cousins Colonel Robert Rutherford McCormick and Captain Joseph Medill Patterson, owners and editors of the *Chicago Tribune* and *New York Daily News* respectively. In 1924, the owners held a nationwide contest to name the magazine offering $20,000 ($360,000 in current dollar terms) to the winning entry. Among tens of thousands of entries, Charles L. Well won with his title *Liberty* "A Weekly for Everybody."

The publication constantly lost money under the family duo, though achieving high circulation. It is believed to have lost McCormick and Patterson as much as $12 million over the course of their ownership, and as a result, it was sold to Bernarr MacFadden in 1931.

Under MacFadden's early leadership, the magazine was a strong proponent of Franklin D. Roosevelt, and an article proclaiming him to be physically fit to hold office may have held substantial sway in the outcome of the election. MacFadden led the magazine to considerable success, until it was discovered in 1941 that he had been falsifying circulation reports by as many as 20,000 copies to increase advertising revenue. John Cuneo and Kimberly-Clark Paper company took over for MacFadden in 1941 and righted the indiscretions, but ad revenues never recovered.

In 1926 and 1927, *Liberty* published the last six Sherlock Holmes stories by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, including "The Adventure of Shoscombe Old Place,” the last of the 60 stories.

The 1944 film noir classic *Double Indemnity* was based on a novel that was serialized over eight issues of *Liberty*. The Postman Always Rings Twice by James M. Cain was also serialized in *Liberty*.

Following the lead of *The Saturday Evening Post,* in 1942 *Liberty* increased its cover price from five to ten cents, resulting in a drop in sales, down to 1.4 million, and in advertising dollars. In 1944, the magazine was passed on to Paul Hunter, and until its final publication in 1950, a number of different owners tried to revive its former popularity, to no avail. A Canadian edition was published under a series of different ownerships, among them sports entrepreneur Jack Kent Cooke, through the mid-1960s.

In 1968, Dr. Seuss sued *Liberty* over a copyright dispute regarding cartoons he had sold to the magazine in 1932. Unlike most publications at the time, *Liberty* typically bought not only first serial rights, but all publishing and distribution rights to the work of their contributors. *Liberty* won the case, and their copyrights were solidly established by a landmark ruling in copyright law.

## Editors

The first editor was John Neville Wheeler: in 1924, he became executive editor of *Liberty* and served in that capacity until early 1926 while continuing to run the Bell Syndicate.

Other editors included Fulton Oursler, in the Macfadden years, and Darrell Huff.

Two prominent editors in the fiction department died a month apart in 1939. Elliot Balestier, Rudyard Kipling's brother-in-law, was an associate editor from the magazine's founding through his death on October 17, 1939. Oscar Graeve, former editor of *The Delineator*, died in the *Liberty* offices on November 20, 1939.

Beginning in 1942, the cartoon editor was Lawrence Lariar, who started *The Thropp Family*, the first comic strip to run as a continuity in a national magazine.

## Contributors

*Liberty* carried work by many of the most important and influential writers of the period. As a general interest magazine, it featured content across a broad range of genres including adventure, mystery and suspense, western, biographies and autobiographies, love, war, humor, and a whole host of opinion and interest articles. Unusual for a magazine of the era, they bought the rights to many of the printed works outright, and these remain in the hands of the Liberty Library Corporation.

### Authors

The magazine featured works of fiction from literary giants whose legacy is still strongly felt today. Examples of some of *Liberty's* most well known authors include F. Scott Fitzgerald, P. G. Wodehouse, Dashiell Hammett, George Bernard Shaw, Agatha Christie, H. L. Mencken, Arthur Conan Doyle, Robert Benchley, Paul Gallico, Irvin S. Cobb, John Galsworthy, MacKinlay Kantor, F. Hugh Herbert, J. P. McEvoy, H. G. Wells, and Louis Bromfield.

### Celebrities

As a general interest magazine for the masses, *Liberty* frequently had opinion pieces by the biggest names in sports and entertainment of the day, many of whom remain iconic in American culture. Featured in *Liberty's* pages are articles by Frank Sinatra, Harry Houdini, Groucho Marx, Shirley Temple, Mae West, Jack Dempsey, W.C. Fields, Mary Pickford, Greta Garbo, Al Capone, Babe Ruth, Mickey Rooney, Jean Harlow, and Joe DiMaggio.

### Statesmen and historical figures

Perhaps giving *Liberty* its greatest historical significance and value is its contributions by some of the most influential world leaders and historical figures, including Mahatma Gandhi, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, Albert Einstein, Benito Mussolini, Joseph Stalin, Leon Trotsky, and Amelia Earhart. The articles written by these figures provide insight into the minds of those who changed history, supplemented by a large quantity of articles written about these figures.

### Illustrators

*Liberty's* image library consists of 1,300 full-color covers, 12,000 article illustrations, and 15,000 cartoons from a combined 818 artists. Some of the greatest artists and cartoonists of the 20th Century contributed images to *Liberty*. Included within the magazine's pages are James Montgomery Flagg (of "Uncle Sam Wants You" fame), Walt Disney, Dr. Seuss, Leslie Thrasher, John Held Jr., Peter Arno, McClelland Barclay, Robert W. Edgren, Neysa McMein, Arthur William Brown, Emmett Watson, Wallace Morgan, Ralph Barton, W. T. Benda, John T. McCutcheon, Willy Pogany, Harold Anderson, and many more.

## Reading time

A memorable feature was the "reading time," provided on the first page of each article so readers could know how long it should take to read an article, such as "No More Glitter: A Searching Tale of Hollywood and a Woman's Heart," Reading Time: 18 minutes, 45 seconds." This was calculated by a member of the editorial staff who would carefully time himself while reading an article at his usual pace; then he would take that time and double it.

in 2003, columnist and writing instructor Roy Peter Clark calculated the reading time of the February 10, 1940, issue:

I tested *Liberty*'s calculation by timing my reading of two short pieces, a fictional story and an analysis of national politics. The first one promised me I could read it in 5 minutes, 25 seconds. (It took me 4 minutes and 40 seconds.) Reading Time for the next was 5 minutes and 35 seconds. (For me, 4 minutes, 50 seconds.) I'm not the fastest reader in the world, but I do have practice and education on my side, which leads me to the conclusion that the magazine got the average reading time about right. Now there is a difference between Clock Time and Experience Time. We say that "Time dragged," or that it "Flew by." Some stories read so well that they trap us in Story Time ("I couldn't put it down"). Others forces us to slog through dense verbiage, an experience where seconds can seem like minutes... In the 58 pages of *Liberty* magazine, there were 15 features marked by Approximate Reading Time. Rounded off to minutes, here they are in order: 21, 19, 14, 5, 17, 7, 4, 12, 5, 28, 7, 15, 8, 9, 7. I'll do the math: 178 minutes. That's two minutes shy of three hours. That doesn’t count the time it would take to read the ads, the movie reviews, and do the crossword puzzle. *Liberty* magazine existed in a world without television and the Internet. Time pressures on readers and potential readers change with the times.

## Cultural references

Over 120 full-feature films and television shows have been produced from content within *Liberty,* including *Mister Ed* The Talking Horse, *Double Indemnity*, and *Sergeant York*.

In the Marx Brothers comedy *The Cocoanuts*, Groucho Marx exhorts his hotel employees, "Remember, there's nothing like liberty—except *Collier's* and *The Saturday Evening Post*!"

In her working notes for *The Fountainhead*, Ayn Rand mentioned the character Peter Keating as "the kind of person who occasionally reads *Liberty* magazine", though this reference did not enter the final version of the book. As Rand depicted Keating as a despicable, shallow opportunist and hypocrite, this was no recommendation for the magazine.

In "The Secret Life of Walter Mitty", author James Thurber makes a reference to the magazine.

In the Alvino Rey song, "I Said No," the female singer teasingly turns down her male caller with a songful of rejections: "I said no, no, no". The song's twist ending is that she is actually saying "no" to a *Liberty* subscription.

The publication of a poem in the magazine forms part of a sub-plot in "The Chicken Thief", an episode in the second series of *The Waltons* television series.

Toni Morrison also makes reference to it *Liberty* *The Bluest Eye* (1970) when describing the nameless woman from Mobile.

## 1970s revival as *The Nostalgia Magazine*

*Liberty: The Nostalgia Magazine*
| Former editors | James Palmer |
| --- | --- |
| Categories | Nostalgia |
| Frequency | Quarterly |
| Founder | Robert Whiteman |
| First issue | Summer 1971 |
| Final issue | Fall 1976 |
| Company | Liberty Library Corporation and Twenty First Century Communications, Inc. |
| Country | U.S. |
| Based in | New York City |

In 1969, Robert Whiteman, who as a youngster sold the magazine door-to-door, partnered with Irving Green to purchase the Liberty Library Corporation, holder of the many rights of *Liberty* magazine. Shortly after, in 1971, in partnership with Twenty First Century Communications, Inc., *Liberty* was revived as a quarterly nostalgia-oriented magazine.

*Liberty: The Nostalgia Magazine* was originally dedicated solely to reprinting material from the original *Liberty*, with each issue having a theme. The "Crime" issue featured vintage reports about John Dillinger, Bruno Hauptmann, J. Edgar Hoover, and other newsworthy personalities of the 1920s and '30s. The "Funny Men" issue was devoted to famous comedians (Laurel and Hardy, Burns and Allen, Milton Berle, Charlie Chaplin, etc.). Each issue featured reprints of a humorous essay by Robert Benchley and vintage film reviews by Rob Wagner and other former staff columnists.

The compilation-of-archival-material format ran for only eight issues, when Whiteman and Green's Liberty Library Corporation fully took over publication. The Summer 1973 issue, under new editor James Palmer, was themed "The Sex Gods and Goddesses of Hollywood," in the wake of Burt Reynolds posing naked in the April 1972 issue of *Cosmopolitan*. Palmer wrote: "There's no doubt about it, it's the bad girls and guys who stir our imagination. And the more they can shock us (in this supposedly shockproof age) the better... Therefore, we've decided to change the format of *Liberty* from all nostalgia to *Liberty Then and Now.*" Palmer offered his own take on the Burt Reynolds affair by publishing a nude centerfold of a W. C. Fields look-alike. Readers were outraged by the radical change in focus, and Palmer's tenure as editor ended after two issues. He was replaced by a rotating succession of editors, who modified the "then and now" approach by reinstating the vintage material but contrasting it with new overviews (a look at vintage comic strips, a retrospective about "old movies," etc.). A special "50th Anniversary" issue, consisting largely of archival material, was published in 1974. The new *Liberty* ended with the Fall 1976 issue.

The complete run of the 1970s version was briefly available online via Google Book Search. Liberty Library Corporation, which still owns the rights to the *Liberty* archives, stated at the time that Google would also eventually digitize the 1,387 issues that comprised the original magazine's run. As of 2014, collections of *Liberty* articles were available via the Amazon Kindle store.)

Liberty Library Corporation now offers a similar online feature called "The Watchlist" which features early stories linked to current news headlines. A recent pairing, for example, was a 2009 headline about New York Yankees player salaries and a 1938 article by Joe DiMaggio titled "How Much Is a Ball Player Worth?"

In 2014, glendonTodd Capital acquired a controlling share of Liberty Library Corporation. The company hoped to revive the brand and reinvigorate the content after its 40-year dormancy.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

*Liberty*
| First issue | |
| --- | --- |
| Executive Editor | John Neville Wheeler |
| Cartoon Editor | Lawrence Lariar |
| Former editors | Fulton Oursler (1931–1941)
Darrell Huff (1941–1946) |
| Staff writers | Robert Benchley
Rob Wagner |
| Categories | General-interest |
| Frequency | Weekly |
| Publisher | McCormick-Patterson (1924–1931)
Bernarr Macfadden (1931–1941)
John Cuneo (1941–1944)
Paul Hunter (1944) |
| Founder | Robert R. McCormick and Joseph Medill Patterson |
| First issue | May 10, 1924 (1924-05-10) |
| Final issue | 1950 (1950) |
| Company | Kimberly-Clark (1941–1944) |
| Country | U.S. |
| Based in | New York City |


title: W. R. Mitchell

abstract: William Reginald Mitchell was a British writer who was the editor of Dalesman magazine for twenty years and over a sixty-year period wrote over 200 books, hundreds of articles, and delivered many talks on the history and physical and natural evolution of North Britain, with particular emphasis on the Yorkshire Dales, Lancashire and the Lake District. These include the regions' biographies, social history, topography, and natural history. In the course of his career Mitchell made and collected many taped interviews with people of these regions - now housed at the Universities of Leeds and Bradford - representing a unique archive of dialect and history.

text:
# W. R. Mitchell

**William Reginald Mitchell** MBE (15 January 1928 – 7 October 2015) was a British writer who was the editor of *Dalesman* magazine for twenty years and over a sixty-year period wrote over 200 books, hundreds of articles, and delivered many talks on the history and physical and natural evolution of North Britain, with particular emphasis on the Yorkshire Dales, Lancashire and the Lake District. These include the regions' biographies, social history, topography, and natural history. In the course of his career Mitchell made and collected many taped interviews with people of these regions - now housed at the Universities of Leeds and Bradford \- representing a unique archive of dialect and history.

## Life and career

W R Mitchell was born in 1928 at Skipton, then in the West Riding of Yorkshire. His family worked in the local textile industry and were staunch Methodists; a religion that played an important part in Bill Mitchell’s own life in later years; he was a Methodist local preacher for over 40 years. In 1943, aged 15, Bill Mitchell joined the 'Craven Herald' regional newspaper as a junior reporter.

After national service at Royal Navy air stations, he returned to the newspaper, but in 1948 was asked by Harry J. Scott, editor of *Dalesman*, to join the staff of the magazine. *Dalesman*, founded in 1939, is a well-regarded regional magazine still in publication today, and has since its inception documented the lives, past and present, of people in the Yorkshire Dales and the wider Yorkshire countryside.

From 1951, in addition to his work with Dalesman, Mitchell began editing 'Cumbria', a magazine that covered the Lake District area of England. In the course of his journalistic work, he met and interviewed many people, which subsequently formed the basis for his feature articles and many of his later books. In 1952 he married Freda Bancroft and has two children, David and Janet.

In 1969 Mitchell became editor of Dalesman, a post he held until his retirement in 1986. Yorkshire Television marked his retirement with a programme about his life, narrated by Alan Bennett. Following his retirement, he established his own publishing company, 'Castleberg', from his home in Giggleswick, near Settle, North Yorkshire. In 1996 Mitchell was awarded the MBE for his services to journalism in Yorkshire and Cumbria, and received an honorary degree of Doctor of Letters from the University of Bradford. In the same year Mitchell became an Honorary member of the Yorkshire Dales Society, later President and the Society's first Patron.

Bill Mitchell was always been a keen naturalist and this interest infused his writing over many years. He was associated with the British Deer Society, The Yorkshire Naturalist Trust, the Cumbrian Wild Life Trust, and the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds. He was a founder member of the Royal Naval Bird Watching Society. He also received a Golden Eagle Award in 2007 from the Outdoor Writers’ and Photographers’ Guild, which cited him as one of the founding fathers of outdoor writing. In September 2009 he was voted 'Greatest Living Icon' for the Yorkshire Dales National Park in a poll by this organisation to mark the 60th anniversary of the National Parks. The following year, May 2010, he won the Lifetime Achievement Award at the Dalesman Rural Awards Ceremony in Harrogate for his work in recording the history, heritage and wildlife of the Yorkshire Dales and Moors. In April 2014, to commemorate the 75th anniversary of the Dalesman, he was voted no 33 in a poll to find the 75 Greatest Icons of Yorkshire.

He wrote a regular column in the Bradford 'Telegraph & Argus' newspaper for several years: 'Letter from the Dales'; he was also a regular contributor to the North Yorkshire 'Craven Herald' newspaper (History Pages); and had a monthly feature in the Dalesman:'Dalesfolk I Remember'(see Media Coverage links, below). He died at Airedale General Hospital on 7 October 2015, aged 87.

## W. R. Mitchell Archive

The majority of Mitchell's cassette tapes of Dales life are deposited in the University of Leeds (Special Collections) library. The University has a large collection of oral histories as part of The Leeds Archive of Vernacular Culture (survey of English dialects).

These cassette tapes feature interviews, including those conducted with the author, Alfred Wainwright, and with Alf Wight, more commonly known as ‘James Herriot’, as well as interviews with people who had known Beatrix Potter. These taped stories range from those told by the local gentry - such as the Dawsons of the Folly in Settle, and the Yorkes of Halton Place - to ordinary folk living in remote Dales communities.

They also present a record of different Dales accents and dialects used over forty years ago and which, because of greater social mobility, are less frequently heard today. The Leeds Archive collection also features a selection of Bill Mitchell's printed works and correspondence with Lakeland residents, including the sculptor Josephina Banner de Vasconcellos.

The University of Bradford Library also has eight boxes of W R Mitchell material, including scrapbooks, correspondence and audio tapes.

In 2011 the W.R. Mitchell Archive was established by Sita Brand and is managed by the charity, Settle Stories, based in Settle, North Yorkshire. The aim is to make a selection of these tapes easily and freely accessible to the public. In January 2012, Settle Stories received a £50,000 Heritage Lottery Fund grant to digitise a selection of the cassette tapes. This will enable all interested to research, read and listen to these oral histories online.

## Works

### Books (including co-authorship)

*North Ribblesdale* (1961) Clapham (North Yorks.):Dalesman.

*Hollow mountains: The story of man's conquest of the caves and potholes of North-West Yorkshire throughout 10,000 years* (1961 self-published, reprinted 1989 by Castleberg).

*Long Drag A Story Of Men Under Stress During The Construction Of The Settle - Carlisle Line* (self published 1962).

*Men of Lakeland* (1966) London: Dent.

*Lancashire Witch Country* (1966) Clapham (North Yorks.):Dalesman.

*Sacred Place of the Lake District* (1966; reprinted 1999) Giggleswick: Castleberg.

*Settle-Carlisle Railway: the Midland's Record-breaking Route to Scotland*. (1966). Clapham (North Yorks.):Dalesman.

*Haworth and the Brontes: A visitor's guide* (1966) (1966). Clapham (North Yorks.):Dalesman.

*A Year with the Curlews: Life on the Northern Pennines* (1967) Giggleswick: Castleberg.

*Haworth and The Brontes (A Visitor’s Guide)* (1967) Clapham (North Yorks.): Dalesman.

*The John Peel Story* (1968). Clapham (North Yorks.):Dalesman.

*Settle-Carlisle Railway* (1969) Clapham (North Yorks.):Dalesman.

*Haunted Yorkshire* (1969) Clapham (North Yorks.): Dalesman.

*Grasmere and the Wordsworths* (1970). Clapham (North Yorks.):Dalesman.

*Haunts of Robin Hood* (1970). Clapham (North Yorks.):Dalesman.

*Haworth and the Brontes* (1971). Clapham (North Yorks.):Dalesman. • *A Few Million Birds* (1971) London: Hale.

*Highland Spring Travels In The Highland* (1972) London: Hale.

*Pennine Birds: A Visitor's Handbook* (1973) Clapham (North Yorks.):Dalesman.

*Across Morecambe Bay: By the Oversands Route* (1973) Clapham (North Yorks.):Dalesman.

*Lakeland Birds* (1974) Clapham (North Yorks.): Dalesman.

*Lakeland A-Z: A Handbook for Visitors* (1975). Clapham (North Yorks.):Dalesman.

*The Railway Shanties. Navvy Life During The Construction Of The Settle-Carslisle Line* (1975). Clapham (North Yorks.):Dalesman.

*West Highland Summer* (1975) London: Hale.

*Yorkshire Dales A-Z* (1975). Clapham (North Yorks.):Dalesman.

*Lakeland A to Z* (1975) (reprinted *ABC of Lakeland* 1979). Clapham (North Yorks.): Dalesman.

*Settle Carlisle Centenary: 100 Years in Pictures of England's Highest Main Line Railway* (with David Joy) (1975) Clapham (North Yorks.): Dalesman.

*Settle-Carlisle Railway. A Centenary Edition* (with David Joy) (1976) Clapham (North Yorks.):Dalesman.

*Wild Pennines* (1976) London: Hale.

*Seven Years Hard: Building the Settle-Carlisle Railway* (1976) Clapham (North Yorks.): Dalesman.

*Around Morecambe Bay: From Lune's Mouth to Walney* (1977) Clapham (North Yorks.): Dalesman.

*Birdwatching in Yorkshire* (1977) Clapham (North Yorks.): Dalesman.

*Fred Taylor: Yorkshire Cheesemaker* (1977) Giggleswick: Castleberg.

*Highland Autumn* (1977) London: Hale.

*Lancashire Mill Town Traditions* (1977) Clapham (North Yorks.): Dalesman.

*Lake District Sports*(1977) Clapham (North Yorks.): Dalesman.

*Yorkshire Mill Town Traditions* (1978). Clapham (North Yorks.):Dalesman.

*Exploring the Robin Hood Country* (1978) Clapham (North Yorks.): Dalesman.

*Life in the Yorkshire Dales: A Pictorial Revie*w (1980) Clapham (North Yorks.): Dalesman. • *Lake Poets: An Illustrated Selection of Verse* (1980) Clapham (North Yorks.): Dalesman.

*Wild Cumbria* (1978) London: Hale.

*Exploring Captain Cook Country* (1978) Clapham (North Yorks.): Dalesman.

*Exploring the Lancashire Witch Country* (1978) Clapham (North Yorks.): Dalesman.

*Pennine Lead-miner: Eric Richardson of* Nenthead (1978) Clapham (North Yorks.): Dalesman.

*Education for Peace* (1978) Belfast: Christian Journals Ltd.

*East Sussex* (Shell Guides) (1978) London: Faber and Faber.

*Cumbrian Blacksmith: Jonty Wilson of Kirkby Lonsdale* (1979) Clapham (North Yorks.): Dalesman.

*Exploring the Ribble Valley* (1979) Clapham (North Yorks.): Dalesman.

*Life in the Lake District: Pictorial Memories of a Bygone* Age (1980) Clapham (North Yorks.): Dalesman.

*Bowness and Windermere* (1980) Clapham (North Yorks.): Dalesman.

*The Lake Poets: An Illustrated Selection of Verse* (1980) Clapham (North Yorks.): Dalesman.

*Life on the North York Moors: a pictorial review* (1981). Clapham (North Yorks.):Dalesman.

*Yorkshire Pride* (1981) Clapham (North Yorks.):Dalesman.

*Lancashire Pride. An Illustrated Anthology of Prose and Verse* (1981) Skipton: Dalesman.

*Yorkshire Dales Folk* (1981) Clapham (North Yorks.): Dalesman.

*Ghosts of Yorkshire* (1982) Clapham (North Yorks.):Dalesman.

*Life on the Yorkshire Coast* (1982) Clapham (North Yorks.):Dalesman.

*Life in Lancashire Mill Towns* (1982) Clapham (North Yorks.): Dalesman.

*Lakeland Dalesfolk* (1983) Clapham (North Yorks.): Dalesman.

*Bird Watch Around Scotland* (1983) London: Hale.

• Life on the Settle-Carlisle Railway (1984) Clapham (North Yorks.):Dalesman.

*Life on the Yorkshire Pennines* (1984). Clapham (North Yorks.):Dalesman.

*Life in the Lancashire Mill Towns* (1984) Clapham (North Yorks.): Dalesman.

*Wordsworth's Lake District* (1984) Clapham (North Yorks.): Dalesman.

*Life Around Morecambe Bay* (with Cedric Robinson) (1986) Clapham (North Yorks.): Dalesman.

*Vintage Dalesman. Classic articles from "The Dalesman"* (1987). Clapham (North Yorks.):Dalesman.

*Walks from the Settle-Carlisle Railway* (1987) Clapham (North Yorks.):Dalesman.

*Edward Elgar in the Yorkshire Dales* (1987) Giggleswick: Castleberg.

*Beatrix Potter Remembered: Her Life in Lakeland* (1987) Clapham (North Yorks.): Dalesman.

*J.B.Priestley's Yorkshire* (1987) Clapham (North Yorks.): Dalesman.

*Lancashire Milltown Memories* (1987) Clapham (North Yorks.): Dalesman.

*The Changing Dales* (1988) Clapham (North Yorks.):Dalesman.

*The Fabulous Cliffords* (1988) Giggleswick: Castleberg.

*Gossip from Giggleswick* (1988) Giggleswick: Castleberg.

*Yorkshire's Hollow Mountains* (1989) Giggleswick: Castleberg.

*How They Built the Settle-Carlisle Railway* (1989) Settle: Kingfisher Productions.

*How They Lived in Old Settle* (1989) Giggleswick: Castleberg.

*Changing Lakeland: Forty Years of ‘Progress’* (1989). Clapham (North Yorks.): Dalesman.

*The Very Best of Yorkshire Humour. Tales Told by Charlie Lawson* (1989) Clapham (North Yorks.): Dalesman.

*A Dalesman's Diary* (1989) London: Souvenir Press.

*The Elgar Way* (1990) Giggleswick: Castleberg.

*Its a Long Way to Muckle Flugga* (1990) Souvenir Press Ltd

*Ghosts of the Settle-Carlisle Railway* (1990) Giggleswick: Castleberg.

*Story of Ribblehead Viaduct* (1990) Settle: Kingfisher Productions.

*Footplate Tales of the Settle-Carlisle Railway* (1990). Giggleswick: Castleberg.

*Garsdale and Aisgill on the Settle-Carlisle Railway* (1991) Giggleswick: Castleberg.

*Nowt's Same: A Light Hearted Review of Dales Life in the 20th Century* (1991) Giggleswick: Castleberg.

*High Dale Country* (1991) London: Souvenir Press.

*The Giggleswick Scores of Edward Elgar* (1990) Giggleswick: Castleberg.

*Mr. Elgar and Dr.Buck: A Musical Friendship* (1991) Giggleswick: Castleberg.

*By Gum, Life Were Sparse! Memories of the Northern Mill Towns* (1991) London: Souvenir Press.

*Hellifield and the Railway (1991*) Giggleswick: Castleberg.

*Dry Stone Walls of Yorkshire* (1992). Giggleswick: Castleberg.

*Drystone Walls in the Yorkshire Dales* (1992). Giggleswick: Castleberg.

*Locomotives Seen on the Settle-Carlisle* (1992) Giggleswick: Castleberg.

*The Lost Village of Stocks-in-Bowland* (1992) Giggleswick: Castleberg.

*Three Peaks and Malhamdale* (Walker's Guide) (1992). Clapham (North Yorks.):Dalesman.

*Yorkshire Laughter/Native Wit and Humour* (1992). ) Giggleswick: Castleberg.

*After You, Mr. Wainwright: In the Fell Country of Lakeland* (1992) Giggleswick: Castleberg.

*Finlay MacQueen of St.Kilda* (1992) Oban: Oban Times.

*Ribblehead Re-born* (1992) Giggleswick: Castleberg.

*Hotfoot to Haworth: Pilgrims to the Bronte Shrine* (1992) Giggleswick: Castleberg.

*After You, Mr Wainwright. In the Fell Country of Lakeland* (1992) Giggleswick: Castleberg.

*A Walk Through the Yorkshire Dales* (1992) Clapham (North Yorks.): Dalesman.

*Bill Mitchell's Yorkshire* (1993) Clapham (North Yorks.):Dalesman.

*Men Who Made the Settle-Carlisle* (1993) Giggleswick: Castleberg.

*A Popular History of Settle and Giggleswick* (1993) Giggleswick: Castleberg.

*Bowland and Pendle* (Walker's Guide) (1993) Clapham (North Yorks.): Dalesman.

*The Lost Village of Mardale* (1993) Giggleswick: Castleberg.

*Lakeland Laughter: Native Wit & Humour* (1993) Giggleswick: Castleberg.

*The Great Yorkshire Joke Book* (1994) Clapham (North Yorks.):Dalesman.

*The Life and Traditions of the Ribble Valley* (1994) Giggleswick: Castleberg.

*Settle to Carlisle, The Middle Route to Scotland, a Railway over the Pennines* (1994). Clapham (North Yorks.):Dalesman (reprinted by Kingfisher).

*Settle to Carlisle; a Railway over the Pennines* (1994) Clapham (North Yorks.):Dalesman.

*Yorkshire Curiosities* (1994) Clapham (North Yorks.):Dalesman.

*A Passion for Puffins* (1994) Giggleswick: Castleberg.

*Ingleborough: The Big Blue Hill* (1994) Giggleswick: Castleberg.

*Best Yorkshire Quotations*(1994) Clapham (North Yorks.): Dalesman.

*A Merry Yorkshire Christmas* (1994) Clapham (North Yorks.): Dalesman.

*Letters from the Dales* (1994) Giggleswick: Castleberg.

*Letters from the Lakes* (1995) Giggleswick: Castleberg.

*Dent: The Highest Mainline Station in England* (1995) Giggleswick: Castleberg.

*Ghost Hunting in the Yorkshire Dales* (1996). Giggleswick: Castleberg.

*The Wasdale Monster* (1996) Giggleswick: Castleberg.

*The Stocks Revisited* (1996) Giggleswick: Castleberg.

*The Walker's Guide to Central Lakeland* (1996) Clapham (North Yorks.): Dalesman.

*Yorkshire Humour* (1996) London: Hale.

*Lake District Insight* (Compact Guide ) (1997) London: APA Publications.

*The Walker's Guide to South-east Lakeland* (1997). Clapham (North Yorks.): Dalesman.

*You're Only Old once* (1997). London: Hale.

*Mile by Mile on the Settle-Carlisle* (1997) Giggleswick: Castleberg.

*Music of the Yorkshire Dales* (1997) Giggleswick: Castleberg.

*Beatrix Potter: Her Life in the Lake District* (1998) Giggleswick: Castleberg.

*Summat and Nowt: Memories of a Yorkshire Editor* (1998) Giggleswick: Castleberg.

*Garsdale: History of a Station on the Settle-Carlisle Railway* (1999) Giggleswick: Castleberg.

*The Story of the Yorkshire Dales* (1999) Chichester: Phillimore & Co.

*Edith Carr: Life on Malham Moor* (1999) Giggleswick: Castleberg.

*Tot Lord and the Bone Caves* (1999) Giggleswick: Castleberg.

*A Walk Through the Yorkshire Dales* (1999) Clapham (North Yorks.): Dalesman.

*Birds of the Lake District* (2000) Giggleswick: Castleberg.

*Nobbut Middlin'. Laugh with the Dalesfolk* (2000) Giggleswick: Castleberg.

*A History of Leeds* (2000) Chichester: Phillimore & Co.

*One Hundred Tales of the Settle to Carlisle Railway* (2000) Giggleswick: Castleberg.

*Walker's Guide to North-east Lakeland* (2001) Skipton: Dalesman.

*How They Lived in the Yorkshire Dales* (2001) Giggleswick: Castleberg.

*Watch the Birdie. The Life and Times of Richard and Cherry Kearton,: Pioneers of Wildlife Photography* (2001) Giggleswick: Castleberg.

*Reginald Farrer: At home in the Yorkshire Dales* (2002) Giggleswick: Castleberg.

*Living Moors of Yorkshire* (2002) Giggleswick: Castleberg.

*How They Lived in the Lake District* (2002) Giggleswick: Castleberg.

*Dalesfolk and Dialect* (2003) Giggleswick: Castleberg.

*Kit Calvert: Yorkshire Dalesman* (2003) Giggleswick: Castleberg.

*Destination Rum. : Tales from the Forbidden Island* (2003) Giggleswick: Castleberg.

*Bowland and Pendle Hill* (2004) Chichester: Phillimore & Co.

*Farm Life in the Lakeland Dales* (2005) Weymouth: Waterfront Publications.

*Brackengarth* (2005) Giggleswick: Castleberg.

*Keswick and Northern Lakeland* (with R.G.K. Gudgeon) (2005) Skipton: Dales Country Publishing.

*Skipton and the Craven Dales* (2006) Chichester: Phillimore & Co.

*Connections : artists and writers in North Craven* (foreword by W R Mitchell) (2007) Settle: North Craven Building Preservation Trust.

*The Lost Shanties of Ribblehead* (2007) Giggleswick: Castleberg.

*The Eden Valley and North Pennines* (2007) Chichester: Phillimore & Co.

*James Herriot in conversation with WR Mitchell* (2007) Giggleswick: Castleberg.

*Hannah Hauxwell - 80 Years in the Dales* (2008) Ilkley: Great Northern Books.

*Thunder in the Mountains: The Men Who Built Ribblehead* (2009) Ilkley: Great Northern Books.

*Wainwright: Milltown to Mountain* (2009). Ilkley: Great Northern Books.

*The Lune Valley and the Howgill Fells: The Impact of the Second World War on British Children* (2009) Chichester: Phillimore & Co.

*Beatrix Potter: Her Lakeland Years* (2010) Ilkley: Great Northern Books. ISBN 978-1905080717.

*Herriot - A Vet's Life* (2010) Ilkley: Great Northern Books (Forewords by Christopher Timothy and James Herriot). ISBN 978-1905080779.

*Settle’s Victorian Music Hall* (and other editors) (n/d) Settle: Settle Amateur Operatic Society.

* *Arthur Ransome: Afloat in Lakeland* (2015) : Ilkley: Great Northern Books
* *Folk Tales on the Settle-Carlisle Railway* (2015) : Fonthill Media
* *Lake District Folk* (2015) : Fonthill Media

### Booklets

All printed by Pen Press:

*Yorkshire Courtship* (2011)

*From the Yorkshire Dales to Salt Lake City* (2012)

*Life on t'Back Street* (2013)

*Pulpit Tales of the Yorkshire Dales* (2013)

*Peter Delap: Doctor and Deerologist*

*Peggy Ellwood: Life on a Lakeland Farm*

### Film Commentaries

*Villages of the Lake District*. DVD. Settle: Kingfisher.

*Villages of the Yorkshire* Dales. DVD. Settle: Kingfisher.

*Lake District In The Past*. DVD. Settle: Kingfisher.

## InfoBox

| W. R. Mitchell | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | William Reginald Mitchell
(1928-01-15)15 January 1928
Skipton, West Riding of Yorkshire, England |
| Died | 7 October 2015(2015-10-07) (aged 87)
Steeton with Eastburn, West Yorkshire |


title: The Matter of Time

abstract: The Matter of Time is an installation comprising eight pieces of torqued ellipses made of weathering steel, by the US sculptor Richard Serra. It incorporates a series of seven sculptures made of spot-welded sheets of steel that form 14-foot (4.3 m)-high curling walls positioned around the existing sculpture, Snake (Serpiente), that had been commissioned for the museum's opening in 1997. Commissioned by the Museo Guggenheim Bilbao, it forms part of the permanent exhibition since 2005. Reviewing the work for The Guardian, art critic Robert Hughes, considered the work to be that of "the best sculptor alive..." going on to add that Serra was also "the only great one at work anywhere in the early 21st century.". Made at the rolling mill at Siegen, Germany, and weighing in total 1034 tonnes, it is installed in the museum's main gallery, the 430-foot (130 m) 80-foot (24 m) Arcelor Gallery, named after its sponsor, but originally known as the Fish Gallery.

text:
# The Matter of Time

***The Matter of Time*** (in Spanish: ***La materia del tiempo***) is an installation comprising eight pieces of torqued ellipses made of weathering steel (COR-TEN steel), by the US sculptor Richard Serra. It incorporates a series of seven sculptures made of spot-welded sheets of steel that form 14-foot (4.3 m)-high curling walls positioned around the existing sculpture, *Snake* (*Serpiente*), that had been commissioned for the museum's opening in 1997.

Commissioned by the Museo Guggenheim Bilbao, it forms part of the permanent exhibition since 2005. Reviewing the work for *The Guardian*, art critic Robert Hughes, considered the work to be that of "the best sculptor alive..." going on to add that Serra was also "the only great one at work anywhere in the early 21st century.".

Made at the rolling mill at Siegen, Germany, and weighing in total 1034 tonnes, it is installed in the museum's main gallery, the 430-foot (130 m) 80-foot (24 m) Arcelor Gallery, named after its sponsor, but originally known as the Fish Gallery.

## Components

Arranged "to move the viewer through them and through the space surrounding them", the installation comprises the following pieces (in order of proximity to the entrance):

1. *Torqued Spiral (Closed Open Closed Open Closed)* (*Torsión espiral (cerrada abierta cerrada abierta cerrada)* (2003–04);
2. *Torqued Ellipse* (*Torsión elíptica*) (2003–04);
3. *Double Torqued Ellipse* (*Torsión elíptica doble*) (2003–04);
4. *Snake* (*Serpiente*) (1994–97);
5. *Torqued Spiral (Right Left)* (*Torsión espiral (derecha izquierda)* (2003–04);
6. *Torqued Spiral (Open Left Closed Right)* (*Torsión espiral (izquierda abierta derecha cerrada*) (2003–04);
7. *Between the Torus and the Sphere* (*Entre el toro y la esfera*) (2003–05);
8. *Blind Spot Reversed* (*Punto ciego invertido*) (2003–05).


abstract: The North Main Street Historic District is a historic district located along the 100 and 200 blocks of North Main Street in Greenville, Kentucky. The district includes 22 buildings, 20 of which are contributing buildings to the district's historic status. The primarily residential district is located just north of downtown Greenville. The houses within the district were mainly built in the early 20th century and designed in the Colonial Revival, Bungalow, and Queen Anne styles; an exception to this pattern is the George Short House, which was built in 1841 and is the oldest surviving house in the city. The district also includes the United Methodist Church, a Neoclassical church built in 1921. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 15, 1985.

text:
# North Main Street Historic District (Greenville, Kentucky)

The **North Main Street Historic District** is a historic district located along the 100 and 200 blocks of North Main Street in Greenville, Kentucky. The district includes 22 buildings, 20 of which are contributing buildings to the district's historic status. The primarily residential district is located just north of downtown Greenville. The houses within the district were mainly built in the early 20th century and designed in the Colonial Revival, Bungalow, and Queen Anne styles; an exception to this pattern is the George Short House, which was built in 1841 and is the oldest surviving house in the city. The district also includes the United Methodist Church, a Neoclassical church built in 1921.

The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 15, 1985.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| North Main Street Historic District | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| U.S. Historic district | |
|  | |
| The 100 block of North Main Street | |
|  | |
| Location | 100 and 200 blocks of N. Main St., Greenville, Kentucky |
| Coordinates | 37°12′14″N 87°10′44″W / 37.20389°N 87.17889°W / 37.20389; -87.17889 |
| Area | 15.7 acres (6.4 ha) |
| Architectural style | Colonial Revival, Bungalow, Queen Anne, Neoclassical |
| MPS | Greenville Kentucky MRA |
| NRHP reference No. | 85001904 |
| Added to NRHP | August 15, 1985 |


title: Obory, Pomeranian Voivodeship

abstract: Obory is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kwidzyn, within Kwidzyn County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) west of Kwidzyn and 73 km (45 mi) south of the regional capital Gdańsk. For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

text:
# Obory, Pomeranian Voivodeship

**Obory** \[ɔˈbɔrɨ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kwidzyn, within Kwidzyn County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) west of Kwidzyn and 73 km (45 mi) south of the regional capital Gdańsk.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

## InfoBox

| Obory | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Obory | |
| Coordinates: 53°43′48″N 18°53′31″E / 53.73000°N 18.89194°E / 53.73000; 18.89194 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Pomeranian |
| County | Kwidzyn |
| Gmina | Kwidzyn |
| Population | 282 |


title: Nash Harbor, Alaska

abstract: Nash Harbor is an unincorporated community on Nunivak Island in Bethel Census Area, Alaska, United States. Nash Harbor is located on the western shore of the bay of the same name, on the northern coast of the island. It lies 35 miles (56 km) west of Mekoryuk, the main city on the island. The community was originally a Yupik settlement and had a population of 49 in 1950. Ellikarrmiut Summer Science Field Camp, a college-level biology camp, is held in Nash Harbor.

text:
# Nash Harbor, Alaska

**Nash Harbor** is an unincorporated community on Nunivak Island in Bethel Census Area, Alaska, United States. Nash Harbor is located on the western shore of the bay of the same name, on the northern coast of the island. It lies 35 miles (56 km) west of Mekoryuk, the main city on the island. The community was originally a Yupik settlement and had a population of 49 in 1950. Ellikarrmiut Summer Science Field Camp, a college-level biology camp, is held in Nash Harbor.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1950 | 49 |  |  |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |

Nash Harbor appeared once on the U.S. Census in 1950 as an unincorporated village. It has not returned since.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Nash Harbor, Alaska | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| Cup'ig village at Nash Harbor in 1927,<br>photo by Edward Curtis | |
| Nash Harbor, Alaska | |
| Coordinates: 60°12′20″N 166°56′18″W / 60.20556°N 166.93833°W / 60.20556; -166.93833 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Alaska |
| Census Area | Bethel |
| Government | |
| State senator | Lyman Hoffman () |
| State rep. | Tiffany Zulkosky (R) |
| Elevation | 0 ft (0 m) |
| Time zone | UTC-9 (Alaska (AKST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-8 (AKDT) |
| Area code | 907 |
| GNIS feature ID | 1406850 |


title: Liberty (libertarian magazine)

abstract: Liberty is a libertarian journal, founded in 1987 by R. W. Bradford in Port Townsend, Washington, and then edited from San Diego by Stephen Cox. Unlike Reason, which is printed on glossy paper and has full-color photographs, Liberty was printed on uncoated paper stock and had line drawing cartoons by S. H. (Scott) Chambers and Rex F. "Baloo" May, no photographs except for advertisements, and only one extra color (blue), which was limited to the cover and occasionally a few ads. Beginning in November 2010, the magazine transitioned to an online-only format.

text:
# Liberty (libertarian magazine)

***Liberty*** is a libertarian journal, founded in 1987 by R. W. Bradford (who was the magazine's publisher and editor until he died from cancer in 2005) in Port Townsend, Washington, and then edited from San Diego by Stephen Cox. Unlike *Reason*, which is printed on glossy paper and has full-color photographs, *Liberty* was printed on uncoated paper stock and had line drawing cartoons by S. H. (Scott) Chambers and Rex F. "Baloo" May, no photographs except for advertisements, and only one extra color (blue), which was limited to the cover and occasionally a few ads. Beginning in November 2010, the magazine transitioned to an online-only format.

## History

Bradford had planned the launch of *Liberty* for several years during the 1980s, waiting, in part, for the development of desktop publishing software to make the endeavor cost-effective for a short-run periodical. The magazine achieved Bradford's target circulation by the end of the first year of publication. Starting it as an arm of his private publishing business, he turned the magazine over to a 501(c)(3) non-profit corporation (under his control) in 1993. Until late 1998, *Liberty* published bimonthly. In 1999, it moved from a bimonthly to a monthly publication schedule. Beginning in 2008, the print version was published eleven times a year, with one issue being a "double issue." Beginning in November 2010, the magazine transitioned to an online-only format that does not arrange content into separate monthly or bimonthly issues.

The magazine's list of editors at start-up included Murray Rothbard; Karl Hess joined soon after. Both wrote for the magazine and both were featured prominently in subscription advertising. Rothbard left the masthead in 1990, following his break with the Libertarian Party and his public move towards paleolibertarianism; Hess stayed with the magazine until his death.

From the beginning, *Liberty* gave extensive coverage to the history of the libertarian movement, repeatedly focusing on the biography and legacy of Ayn Rand. The magazine offered the first printing of Rothbard's pamphlet *The Sociology of the Ayn Rand Cult* as its first subscription bonus. John Hospers's two-part series "Talking With Ayn Rand" was among the magazine's notable early publishing coups. Characteristically, Bradford juxtaposed scholarly, intellectual writing from philosophers such as Loren Lomasky and Jan Narveson and economists such as Mark Skousen, Doug Casey, Leland Yeager, and David Friedman, with work by young, virtually unknown amateur writers. With few exceptions, the magazine does not pay writers for their contributions.

## Contributors and editors

Regular contributors include:

David Kopel, research director for the Independence Institute Wendy McElroy, editor of the Individualist Feminist William E. Merritt, senior fellow of the Burr Institute Bruce Ramsey, journalist Timothy Sandefur, College of Public Interest Law fellow at the Pacific Legal Foundation Jane S. Shaw, President of the John William Pope Center for Higher Education Policy Tim Slagle, stand-up comedian David Weigel, journalist for *Reason*, *Money* and *Campaigns and Elections* Leland Yeager, Ludwig von Mises distinguished Professor Emeritus of Economics at Auburn University

Contributing editors include:

David Boaz Alan W. Bock Gene Healy Bart Kosko Richard Kostelanetz Durk Pearson Sandy Shaw

## Departments

Reflections: short, often satirical articles Terra Incognita: strange world news   * *Liberty* official site
* Memoir of working for *Liberty*, by former managing editor Wirkman Virkkala

## InfoBox

*Liberty*
| July 2010 issue of *Liberty* | |
| --- | --- |
| Editor | Stephen Cox |
| Categories | public policy, libertarianism |
| Frequency | * Bi-monthly, 1987–1998 * Monthly, 1999–2010 * Online only, November 2010 forward |
| Founded | 1987 |
| Country | United States |
| Based in | Port Townsend, Washington |
| Language | English |
| Website | www.libertyunbound.com |
| ISSN | 0894-1408 |


title: W. R. Myers High School

abstract: W. R. Myers High School is located in Taber, Alberta, Canada. Founded in 1950, it is the town's only public high school. Students at W.R. Myers range from grade 9 to grade 12. Taber's middle school, D.A. Ferguson, shares a Cafeteria and a band room with W.R. Myers. The school has about 480 students and 50 staff members both teachers and others. W.R. Myers has had a large success in Sports and Music, creating a name for itself in Western Canada. The Basketball team and the WR Myers Fighting Rebels Football team has brought much success to the school.

text:
# W. R. Myers High School

**W. R. Myers High School** is located in Taber, Alberta, Canada. Founded in 1950, it is the town's only public high school. Students at W.R. Myers range from grade 9 to grade 12. Taber's middle school, D.A. Ferguson, shares a Cafeteria and a band room with W.R. Myers. The school has about 480 students and 50 staff members both teachers and others. W.R. Myers has had a large success in Sports and Music, creating a name for itself in Western Canada. The Basketball team and the WR Myers Fighting Rebels Football team has brought much success to the school.

## History

The new Taber High School opened its doors to students September 1950. Grades 10-12 moved into twenty classrooms equipped with a science lab, Two Home Economics rooms, one for homemaking the other for sewing, and Industrial Arts room with a small theatre, and a cafeteria with a kitchen. The structure, which cost about $200,000 to build, was to house 450 students.

In 1960 a Junior High wing and fine arts room, dubbed the "Lemon Squeezer" was constructed on the north end of the high school. The addition included two large gymnasiums, one for the Junior High grade 7-8 classes and one for the Senior High, a library and an office. At the time the new Junior/Senior High complex was named W.R Myers School in honour of Walter Ray Myers, a 27-Year school trustee. It was at this time that classes in the junior high school became departmentalized with one home room teacher and other individual teacher's instructing specific courses such as one for Math and one for Social, etc.

For nearly twenty years W.R Myers School saw little change except for a few cosmetic improvements and additions. Two air force hangars were moved just east of the school after World War II. One had three grade one classes in it, the other was the auditorium/gymnasium. Later, the grade one building became the industrial Arts shop. When the new gyms were completed at the Myers complex one of the hangars was moved to Cranford to be used as a community hall. A permanent Industrial Arts wing was added to the high school, and the air force hangar became a maintenance shop for the Taber School Division. Soon a Home Economics wing was added. It ran parallel to the Industrial arts wing. It was two story additions with a library; a visual aids room and business education classrooms. In the early 1970s, an Integrated Occupations Program for Junior and Senior High students was organized to accommodate students wanting to learn a trade rather than go to university. Students were being bussed from out-lying areas and there were many graduates working through their programs. In 1981, the two schools split, the north end becoming Taber Junior High for grades 7-9 and grades 10-12 becoming W.R. Myers High School.

With unexpected death of Junior High Principal, Donald A. Ferguson in 1985, the name was changed to D.A Ferguson Junior High. It was at that time that grade 6 classes were moved from the central school because of overcrowding.

By 1990, the grade 9 classes were moved to the high school and by 1994 D.A Ferguson had become D.A Ferguson Middle School housing grades 6-8, with W.R. Myers housing grades 9-12.

The school got a completely modern look when it underwent renovations. This included adding administration space, new library space that would be used for junior and senior high students, and an enclosed concourse hall along the east side of the school, a new ornamental façade at the entrance, and other changes to better utilize the school's space. By 2002 courses in multimedia were introduced after cable wiring was installed.

On April 28, 1999, eight days after the Columbine High School massacre, a 14-year-old former student entered the school and shot two students, killing one and wounding another.

## InfoBox

| W. R. Myers High School | |
| --- | --- |
| Address | |
|  | |
| 5511 54th St.
Taber, Alberta, T1G 1L5
Canada | |
| Coordinates | 49°47′27″N 112°08′32″W / 49.79094°N 112.14228°W / 49.79094; -112.14228 |
| Information | |
| School type | Public, high school |
| Founded | 1950 (1950) |
| Principal | Scott Petronech |
| Staff | approx. 100 |
| Grades | 12 |
| Language | English |
| Area | Taber, Alberta |
| Nickname | Rebels |
| Website | wrmyers.horizon.ab.ca |


title: The Man, the King, the Girl

abstract: The Man, the King, the Girl is Deerhoof's first album. It was released on Kill Rock Stars.

text:
# The Man, the King, the Girl

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic |  |

***The Man, the King, the Girl*** is Deerhoof's first album. It was released on Kill Rock Stars.

## Track listing

1. "Tiger Chain"
2. "Polly Bee"
3. "Sophie"
4. "A-Town Test Site"
5. "Gold on Black"
6. "For Those of Us on Foot"
7. "Gore in Rut"
8. "Wheely Freed Speaks to the People"
9. "Bendidin"
10. "Itchy P-Pads"
11. "The Pickup Bear"
12. "The Comedian Flavorists"
13. "Queen of the Mole People"
14. "Kneil" (live)
15. "Gore in Crown" (live)
16. "Carriage" (live)
17. "The Mausker" (live)
18. "Gold on Black" (live)

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| The Man, the King, the Girl | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Deerhoof | |
| Released | October 28, 1997 |
| Genre | Noise rock |
| Label | Kill Rock Stars |
| Deerhoof chronology | |
| ***The Man, the King, the Girl***
(1997) *Holdypaws*
(1999) | |


title: 1889 Grand National

abstract: The 1889 Grand National was the 51st renewal of the Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree near Liverpool, England, on 29 March 1889.

text:
# 1889 Grand National

The **1889 Grand National** was the 51st renewal of the Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree near Liverpool, England, on 29 March 1889.

## Finishing Order

| Position | Name | Jockey | Handicap (st-lb) | SP | Distance |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 01 | Frigate | Tommy Beasley | 11-4 | 8/1 | 1 Length |
| 02 | Why Not | Charles Cunningham | 11-5 | 100/9 | A distance |
| 03 | M.P. | Arthur Nightingall | 10-9 | 20/1 |  |
| 04 | Bellona | Chris Waller | 11-2 | 20/1 |  |
| 05 | Magic | John Jones | 10-9 | 25/1 |  |
| 06 | The Sikh | Dan Thirwell | 10-9 | 100/9 |  |
| 07 | The Fawn | William Beasley | 10-10 | 25/1 |  |
| 08 | Ringlet | John Walsh | 11-12 | 66/1 |  |
| 09 | Battle Royal | Harry Beasley Snr | 10-8 | 25/1 |  |
| 10 | Gamecock | Bill Dollery | 11-12 | 33/1 | Last to complete |

## Non-finishers

| Fence | Name | Jockey | Handicap (st-lb) | SP | Fate |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 03 | Ballot Box | William Nightingall | 12-7 | 20/1 | Ballot Box |
| 26 | Roquefort | Ted Wilson | 12-0 | 6/1 | Fell |
| 02 | Savoyard | George Lambton | 11-11 | 25/1 | Knocked Over |
| 20 | Voluptuary | Tom Skelton | 11-3 | 100/6 | Fell |
| 06 | Kilworth | Roddy Owen | 10-13 | 40/1 | Refused |
| 03 | Et Cetera | George Morris | 10-13 | 8/1 | Fell |
| 31 (Run-in) | Glenthorpe | William Moore | 10-10 | 10/1 | Pulled Up |
| 02 | Merry Maiden | John Lee-Barber | 10-7 | 66/1 | Refused |
| 03 | Hettie | Arthur Hall | 10-5 | 66/1 | Fell |
| ? | Great Paul | W. Ellis | 10-0 | 200/1 | ? |

## InfoBox

1889 Grand National
| Grand National | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Aintree |
| Date | 29 March 1889 |
| Winning horse | Frigate IRE |
| Starting price | 8/1 |
| Jockey | Mr Tommy Beasley IRE |
| Trainer | M A Maher IRE |
| Owner | Mat Maher IRE |
| Conditions | Good |
|  | |


title: North Billerica station

abstract: North Billerica station is an MBTA Commuter Rail station in Billerica, Massachusetts. It serves the Lowell Line, and is located in the North Billerica village. The depot building, built in 1867, was renovated, expanded, and returned to station use in 1998. The station has mini-high platforms for accessibility.

text:
# North Billerica station

**North Billerica station** is an MBTA Commuter Rail station in Billerica, Massachusetts. It serves the Lowell Line, and is located in the North Billerica village. The depot building, built in 1867, was renovated, expanded, and returned to station use in 1998. The station has mini-high platforms for accessibility.

## History

**Billerica Mills** station – later North Billerica – was open by 1838. It served as a flag stop on the Boston and Lowell Railroad's main line and was the north terminal of the narrow gauge Billerica and Bedford Railroad (B&B). In 1998, the North Billerica Depot underwent extensive renovations as part of the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority's efforts to restore and expand its Billerica commuter rail stop. The new depot and train station were rededicated on October 30, 1998.

On January 23, 2015, several people were injured when the retractable edge of the outbound platform collapsed while passengers were deboarding. Both mini-high platforms were taken out of service for a number of months, with portable lifts used until the mini-high platforms were returned to service.

Media related to North Billerica station at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| North Billerica | |
| --- | --- |
| The 1867-constructed station building at North Billerica in 2016 | |
| General information | |
| Location | Ruggles Street at Station Street<br>Billerica, Massachusetts |
| Coordinates | 42°35′37″N 71°16′53″W / 42.5935°N 71.2813°W / 42.5935; -71.2813 |
| Line(s) | New Hampshire Route Main Line |
| Platforms | 2 side platforms |
| Tracks | 2 |
| Connections | LRTA: 3/4, 13 |
| Construction | |
| Parking | 541 spaces ($4.00 fee) |
| Bicycle facilities | 14 spaces |
| Accessible | Yes |
| Other information | |
| Fare zone | 5 |
| History | |
| Opened | 1830s |
| Rebuilt | 1867, 1998 |
| Passengers | |
|  | |
| 2018 | 922 (weekday average boardings) |
|  | |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station  MBTA Following station  LowellTerminus  Lowell Line  Wilmingtontoward North Station | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Former services   Preceding station Boston and Maine Railroad Following station  South Lowelltoward Concord, NH  Boston – Concord, NH  East Billericatoward Boston  South Lowelltoward Lowell  Lexington Branch  Nasonstoward Boston | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | |


title: Mackenzie District Council

abstract: Mackenzie District Council is the territorial authority for the Mackenzie District of New Zealand. Its headquarters are at Fairlie. The council is led by the mayor of Mackenzie, who is currently Anne Munro. There are also seven ward councillors.

text:
# Mackenzie District Council

**Mackenzie District Council** is the territorial authority for the Mackenzie District of New Zealand. Its headquarters are at Fairlie.

The council is led by the mayor of Mackenzie, who is currently Anne Munro. There are also seven ward councillors.

## Composition

### Councillors

* Mayor Anne Munro
* Pukaki Ward: James Leslie, Matt Murphy, Emily Bradbury
* Opuha Ward: Anne Munro, Murray Cox, Stuart Barwood

### Community boards

* Fairlie Community Board: Les Blacklock, Murray Cox, Angela Habracken, Damon Smith, Leaine Rush
* Tekapo Community Board: Steve Howes, Matt Murphy, Sharron Binns, Chris Scrase, Caroll Simcox
* Twizel Community Board: Jacqui de Buyzer, Amanda Sargent, Renee Rowland, Tracy Gunn, Emily Bradbury

## History

The council was established in 1989, replacing the MacKenzie County Council established in 1883.

In 2020, the council had 33 staff, including 10 earning more than $100,000. According to the right-wing Taxpayers' Union think tank, residential rates averaged $1,884.

44°06′00″S 170°49′36″E / 44.1001136°S 170.8266371°E / -44.1001136; 170.8266371

## InfoBox

| Mackenzie District Council | |
| --- | --- |
| Type | |
| Type | Unicameral of Mackenzie District |
| Houses | Governing Body |
| Term limits | None |
| History | |
| Founded | March 6, 1989 (1989-03-06) |
| Leadership | |
| Mayor | Anne Munro |
| Structure | |
| Seats | 7 (1 mayor, 6 ward seats) |
| Length of term | 3 years |
| Website | |
| mackenzie.govt.nz | |