title: William R. Kerr

abstract:
William R. Kerr is the Dimitri V. D'Arbeloff – MBA Class of 1955 Professor of Business Administration professor at Harvard Business School, where he is a co-director of Harvard's Managing the Future of Work project and faculty chair of the Launching New Ventures program for executive education. Kerr’s research focuses on how businesses and economies grow, typically through connections to innovation, entrepreneurship, and globalization. His publications have looked at global ventures, immigration, and talent clusters. He wrote The Gift of Global Talent, a book arguing global talent flows are fundamentally reshaping business and society, and that American policies toward high-skilled immigration like H-1B need substantial reform. Kerr has publicly made similar arguments before, such as a public statement in support of the International Entrepreneur Rule. Other contributions to the field of economics that Kerr has made revolve around innovation and growth theory.
Kerr’s work has been featured and referenced across a range of publications, including Bloomberg, the Harvard Business Review, the Wall Street Journal, Forbes, and the Atlantic. Additionally, Kerr has served as an advisor or consultant to a number of companies around the world.

text:
# William R. Kerr

**William R. Kerr** is the Dimitri V. D'Arbeloff – MBA Class of 1955 Professor of Business Administration professor at Harvard Business School, where he is a co-director of Harvard's *Managing the Future of Work* project and faculty chair of the *Launching New Ventures* program for executive education.

Kerr’s research focuses on how businesses and economies grow, typically through connections to innovation, entrepreneurship, and globalization. His publications have looked at global ventures, immigration, and talent clusters. He wrote *The Gift of Global Talent*, a book arguing global talent flows are fundamentally reshaping business and society, and that American policies toward high-skilled immigration like H-1B need substantial reform. Kerr has publicly made similar arguments before, such as a public statement in support of the International Entrepreneur Rule. Other contributions to the field of economics that Kerr has made revolve around innovation and growth theory. Kerr’s work has been featured and referenced across a range of publications, including Bloomberg, the Harvard Business Review, the Wall Street Journal, Forbes, and the Atlantic. Additionally, Kerr has served as an advisor or consultant to a number of companies around the world.

## Harvard Business School's Project on Managing the Future of Work

In 2017, Kerr co-founded Harvard Business School’s Project on Managing the Future of Work with fellow Harvard Business School professor Joseph B. Fuller. The project identifies and researches six forces that are “redefining the nature of work in the United States as well as in many other advanced and emerging economies.” The project lists the six forces as “Technology trends like automation and artificial intelligence; Contingent workforces and the gig economy; Workforce demographics and the “care economy”; The middle-skills gap and worker investments; Global talent access and utilization; Spatial tensions between leading urban centers and rural areas.” In June, 2018, the project launched a podcast series called “Managing the Future of Work” that discusses these six forces with business, political, and community leaders. Additionally, Kerr and Fuller announced in June, 2018, that they will be teaching a course in the fall of 2018 as part of Harvard Business School’s Executive Education program.

## Other notable academic contributions

Kerr coauthored a paper with William Lincoln in 2010 that argued that increase in high-skilled immigration boosted American innovation. This paper was later the winner of the H. Gregg Lewis Prize for Best Paper in Journal of Labor Economics 2010–2011.

Kerr cowrote a 2015 paper with Martin Mandorff which analyzes tendencies among members of ethnic groups in the U.S. to gravitate towards specific professions, examples given include Yemeni immigrants being 75 times more likely than others to own grocery stores, and Koreans being 34 times more likely to operate dry cleaners.

Kerr collaborated on a 2015 paper with Daron Acemoglu and Ufuk Akcigit which updated the real business-cycle theory.

In 2013, Kerr received the Ewing Marion Kauffman award for "Distinguished Research in Entrepreneurship".

## Personal life

Kerr grew up in Alabama and attended the University of Virginia. In the 1990s, he worked in the telecom and emerging internet industries, living in Hong Kong. Upon graduating from MIT Economics with a Ph.D. in 2005, Kerr joined Harvard Business School as a tenure-track Assistant Professor and held a number of teaching assignments and produced academic publications that culminated with his eventual promotion to professor with tenure in 2014.

Kerr is married to Sari Pekkala Kerr, who is an economist and senior researcher at the Wellesley Centers for Women. Originally from Finland, Sari Pekkala Kerr studies the economics of labor markets, education, and family. They live together in Lexington, Massachusetts with their two children. Kerr is also a noted fan of the University of Alabama football team.

## Published works

### Books

* The Gift of Global Talent: How Migration Shapes Business, Economy & Society (Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press, 2018).
* Gordon Hanson, William Kerr and Sarah Turner, High-Skilled Migration to the United States and its Economic Consequences (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2018).

### Edited books and special issues

* William Kerr, Josh Lerner, and Scott Stern (eds.) Innovation Policy and the Economy Volume 15 (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2015)
* William Kerr and Sarah Turner, U.S. High-Skilled Immigration in the Global Economy, Journal of Labor Economics S1 (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2015)

### Notable journal articles

* (2007) Autor, David H., William R. Kerr, and Adriana D. Kugler. "Does Employment Protection Reduce Productivity? Evidence from U.S. States." Economic Journal (Royal Economic Society) 117, no. 521 (June 2007): 189–217.
* (2008) Kerr, William R. "Ethnic Scientific Communities and International Technology Diffusion." Review of Economics and Statistics 90, no. 3 (August 2008): 518–537.
* (2009) Glaeser, Edward L., and William R. Kerr. "Local Industrial Conditions and Entrepreneurship: How Much of the Spatial Distribution Can We Explain?" Journal of Economics & Management Strategy 18, no. 3 (Fall 2009): 623–663.
* (2009) Kerr, William R., and Ramana Nanda. "Democratizing Entry: Banking Deregulations, Financing Constraints, and Entrepreneurship." Journal of Financial Economics 94, no. 1 (October 2009): 124–149.
* (2010) Glaeser, Edward L., William R. Kerr, and Giacomo A.M. Ponzetto. "Clusters of Entrepreneurship." Journal of Urban Economics 67, no. 1 (January 2010): 150–168.
* (2010) Ellison, Glenn, Edward Glaeser, and William R. Kerr. "What Causes Industry Agglomeration? Evidence from Coagglomeration Patterns." American Economic Review 100, no. 3 (June 2010): 1195–1213. (Appendix)
* (2010) Kerr, William R., and William F. Lincoln. "The Supply Side of Innovation: H-1B Visa Reforms and U.S. Ethnic Invention." Journal of Labor Economics 28, no. 3 (July 2010): 473–508.
* (2011) Kerr, Sari Pekkala, and William R. Kerr. "Economic Impacts of Immigration: A Survey." Finnish Economic Papers 24, no. 1 (Spring 2011): 1–32.
* (2014) Kerr, William R., Josh Lerner, and Antoinette Schoar. "The Consequences of Entrepreneurial Finance: Evidence from Angel Financings." Review of Financial Studies 27, no. 1 (January 2014): 20–55.
* (2014) Kerr, William R., Ramana Nanda, and Matthew Rhodes-Kropf. "Entrepreneurship as Experimentation." Journal of Economic Perspectives 28, no. 3 (Summer 2014): 25–48.
* (2015) Glaeser, Edward L., Sari Pekkala Kerr, and William R. Kerr. "Entrepreneurship and Urban Growth: An Empirical Assessment with Historical Mines." (pdf) Review of Economics and Statistics 97, no. 2 (May 2015): 498–520.
* (2016) Acemoglu, Daron, Ufuk Akcigit, Douglas Hanley, and William R. Kerr. "Transition to Clean Technology." (pdf) Special Issue on Climate Change and the Economy. Journal of Political Economy 124, no. 2 (February 2016): 52–104.
* (2016) Kerr, William R. "Harnessing the Best of Globalization." MIT Sloan Management Review 58, no. 1 (Fall 2016): 59–67.
* (2018) Akcigit, Ufuk and William Kerr. "Growth Through Heterogeneous Innovations." Journal of Political Economy 126, no. 4 (August 2018): 1374–1443.
* (2018) Acemoglu, Daron, Ufuk Akcigit, Harun Alp, Nicholas Bloom, and William Kerr. "Innovation, Reallocation, and Growth." American Economic Review 108, no. 11 (November 2018): 3450–3491.

## InfoBox

| William Kerr | |
| --- | --- |
| Education | University of Virginia (B.S.) Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Ph.D.) |
| Occupation | Professor |
| Spouse | Sari Pekkala Kerr |


title: William R. Johnson

abstract: William R. Johnson is an American businessman and is the former president, CEO and chairman of H. J. Heinz.

text:
# William R. Johnson

**William R. Johnson** is an American businessman and is the former president, CEO and chairman of H. J. Heinz.

## Early life and education

Johnson was born and grew up in Palo Alto. He earned his Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of California, Los Angeles. Later, he moved to Austin, Texas to attend the McCombs School of Business at the University of Texas, from which he received a master's degree in Business Administration in 1974.

## Career

In his early career, Johnson held management positions at Drackett, Ralston Purina, and Anderson-Clayton Foods before joining Heinz in 1982 as general manager of new business.

In 1988, as president and CEO, Johnson turned around the poorly performing Heinz Pet Products. In 1992, he did the same thing at the highly visible Starkist Foods. In 1993 he was named senior vice president and director, in 1996 president and COO, and in 1998, named president and CEO. In 2000, he was named chairman of the board of directors.

In March 2015, Johnson joined the board of PepsiCo. On February 11, 2009, the board of directors of UPS elected William R. Johnson as an independent director of the company.

## Personal life

Johnson married Susie in 1974 and they have two children.

He credits his father, Bill "Tiger" Johnson, with instilling him with a fiercely competitive spirit and a passionate desire to win. Johnson also learned motivation from his father and other coaches. In the *Pittsburgh Post-Gazette*, he told reporter Patricia Sabatini that, "Some people need to be handled gently. Other people you can kick in the rear end" (May 18, 1998).

## InfoBox

| William R. Johnson | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Palo Alto, California |
| Education | University of California, Los Angeles<br>McCombs School of Business |
| Known for | CEO and chairman, H. J. Heinz |
| Board member of |  |
| Spouse | Susie Johnson |
| Children | 2 |
| Father | Bill "Tiger" Johnson |


title: William Hayden Reynolds

abstract: William Hayden Reynolds was the twentieth Mayor of Orlando from 1910 to 1913. He was also the owner of Orlando Telephone Company from 1908 to 1914. He died at the age of 87 in 1935.

text:
# William Hayden Reynolds

**William Hayden Reynolds** (June 29, 1847  February 1, 1935) was the twentieth Mayor of Orlando from 1910 to 1913. He was also the owner of Orlando Telephone Company from 1908 to 1914. He died at the age of 87 in 1935.

## InfoBox

| William Hayden Reynolds | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| 20th Mayor of Orlando | |
| **In office**<br>1910–1913 | |
| Preceded by | William Henry Jewell |
| Succeeded by | E. Frank Sperry |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1847-06-29)June 29, 1847 |
| Died | February 1, 1935(1935-02-01) (aged 87) |
| Occupation | Sawmill owner; banker |
|  | |


title: Mordellistena carinthiaca

abstract: Mordellistena carinthiaca is a beetle in the genus Mordellistena of the family Mordellidae. It was described in 1966 by Ermisch.

text:
# Mordellistena carinthiaca

***Mordellistena carinthiaca*** is a beetle in the genus *Mordellistena* of the family Mordellidae. It was described in 1966 by Ermisch.

## InfoBox

| *Mordellistena carinthiaca* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Mordellidae |
| Genus: | *Mordellistena* |
| Species: | ***M. carinthiaca*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mordellistena carinthiaca***<br>Ermisch, 1966 | |
|


title: William Robinson (painter, born 1799)

abstract: William Robinson (1799–1839) was an English portrait-painter.

text:
# William Robinson (painter, born 1799)

**William Robinson** (1799–1839) was an English portrait-painter.

## Life

William Robinson was a native of Leeds, where he was born in 1799. He was at first apprenticed to a clock-dial enameller, but came to London in 1820, and was entered as a student at the Royal Academy. Robinson was also admitted to work in the studio of Sir Thomas Lawrence.

About 1823 he returned to Leeds, and obtained a very considerable practice there and in the neighbourhood. He was commissioned to paint some large full-length portraits for the United Service Club in London, including one of the Duke of Wellington. He likewise drew small portraits, the heads being carefully finished, and the remainder lightly touched after the manner of Henry Edridge.

He died at Leeds in August 1839, in his fortieth year.

## Works

### Citations

1. Cust 1897, p. 56.
2. Oliver, ed. 2011.

### Bibliography

* Cust, Lionel Henry (1897). "Robinson, William (1799-1839)". In Lee, Sidney (ed.). *Dictionary of National Biography*. Vol. 49. London: Smith, Elder & Co. p. 56.   This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
* Cust, L. H. and Houliston, L. R. (2004). "Robinson, William (1799–1838), portrait painter". In *Oxford Dictionary of National Biography*. Oxford University Press.
* Oliver, Valerie Cassel, ed. (2011). "Robinson, William I". In *Benezit Dictionary of Artists*. Oxford University Press.


title: William Robinson Clark

abstract: William Robinson Clark was a Scottish-Canadian theologian.

text:
# William Robinson Clark

**William Robinson Clark** FRSC (26 March 1829  12 November 1912) was a Scottish-Canadian theologian.

## Biography

Clark was born in Daviot, Aberdeenshire, son of Rev. James Clark. Originally educated for the Congregationalist ministry at New College London, he later conformed to the Church of England. After graduating from King's College, Aberdeen MA with honours, he went to Hertford College, Oxford. Foster's 'Alumni Oxonienses' indicates that his BA was conferred by Oxford in 1864 and his MA in 1865.

Immediately after leaving New College, London he became minister of the Congregational Church at Lymington, Hampshire. He entered the Church of England in 1856, a fact attributed by his former tutor William Farrer (1820–1908) to the influence of Clark's wife. He was the Curate of St Matthias, Birmingham, 1857–1858, and then the Dean of Taunton and prebendary of Wells Cathedral from 1859 to 1880. He was frequently selected to preach in St. Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey.

In 1882, aged about 53, he emigrated to Canada and became the Professor of Mental and Moral Philosophy at Trinity College, Toronto, Ontario (from 1883 to 1908). He was noted as a lecturer and preacher. He was also Professor of Theology at Toronto University. He resigned his chair in the college in 1909, after occupying it for twenty-five years. From that date to the time of his death he held the title of Emeritus Professor and as such he sat ex officio on the Council of Trinity College.

In recognition of his services to the Church and to education he was created a Canon of St. Alban's Cathedral, the Cathedral Church of St. James (Toronto), by the third Bishop of Toronto, Arthur Sweatman. Among these services was the help he rendered in the formation of the General Synod of the Church of England in Canada, in 1893.

He was described as one of the foremost theologians in North America, and there are records of him delivering lectures in Michigan. Amongst honours and distinctions which were bestowed upon him by institutions of learning were the degrees of D.C.L., conferred by Trinity College Toronto ; D.D., conferred by Queen's University, Kingston ; and LL.D., conferred by Hobart College, Geneva, USA - now part of the Hobart and William Smith Colleges in 1888 ; his appointment by the University of Michigan as Baldwin Lecturer in 1887, and as Slocum Lecturer in 1889 ; his appointment as Honorary Professor of Hobart College, Geneva, (USA) in 1888. He was eminent in the councils of the Church of England in Canada.

He became a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada. He was elected in 1891 and later served as President of the Society from 1899 – 1900. It seems that he was involved in the formation of the Empire Club of Canada, and became President of the Empire Club of Canada 1905 – 1906.

In Canada, he also became a close friend of the long-time Prime Minister and political figure, William Lyon Mackenzie King (1874–1950), who was also of Scottish descent, and the Reverend William Robinson Clark is referred to in the Archives of Canada.

Following his death, the Corporation of Trinity College, at its annual meeting on 21 November 1912, adopted a resolution recording the great debt of gratitude it owed to Professor Clark. The resolution proceeded to say : —

"As a Preacher and public Lecturer, Professor Clark was very highly esteemed, and his many engagements in these capacities served to make Trinity College favourably known far and near. He showed remarkable versatility and brilliancy in his work, both in the class room and on the public platform, as well as in his literary productions, which embrace Theology, History, and Literature. Dr. Clark's singular devotion to Trinity College and the great ability with which he served it, entitle him to the lasting regard of all its supporters, while his inexhaustible human sympathy and kindness of heart ensure for him the grateful and affectionate remembrance of a host of friends."

## Selected works

He was the author of many biographical and theological works (both in the UK and in Canada). Many are held in the British Library. These included:

* Self-knowledge and the four temperaments. a series of sermons preached in Lent. 1865.
* The Anglican Reformation. 1897.
* Antichrist. The First Resurrection. Two Advent sermons. 1865.
* Beveridge, the Scriptural Preacher.
* Character and Work. Hints for younger men and women. 1878.
* Christmas. \[A sermon.\] 1874.
* The Church and Science. 1872.
* The Comforter. \[1875.\]
* The Comforter: a series of sermons on certain aspects of the work of the Holy Ghost. 1864.
* Culture. \[A sermon.\] 1875.
* Four Advent Sermons. 1861.
* Four Sermons preached during Advent, 1860. Second edition, partially rewritten. 1861.
* The Four Temperaments; together with some occasional sermons ... Second edition. 1874.
* Hindrances to the Work of the Church in the World: a series of sermons. \[Edited by W. R. Clark.\] \[1872.\]
* The Paraclete. A series of discourses on the person and work of the Holy Spirit ... The Slocum lectures-1899; 1900.
* Pascal and the Port Royalists. 1902.
* The Prodigal Son: a series of sermons. 1860.
* The Redeemer: a series of sermons on certain aspects of the person and work of our Lord Jesus Christ. 1863.
* Righteousness exalteth a Nation. A sermon, etc. 1876.
* Savonarola: his life and times. 1880?.

## InfoBox

| William Robinson ClarkFRSC | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1829-03-26)26 March 1829
Daviot, Aberdeenshire, Scotland |
| Died | 12 November 1912(1912-11-12) (aged 83)
Toronto, Ontario, Canada |
| Nationality | Scottish-Canadian |
| Alma mater | King's College, Aberdeen
Hertford College, Oxford |


abstract: Moose Township is a township in Roseau County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 134 at the 2000 census. Moose Township was named for the moose which were once abundant there.

text:
# Moose Township, Roseau County, Minnesota

**Moose Township** is a township in Roseau County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 134 at the 2000 census.

Moose Township was named for the moose which were once abundant there.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 36.4 square miles (94.4 km2), all land.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 134 people, 48 households, and 38 families residing in the township. The population density was 3.7 people per square mile (1.4/km2). There were 53 housing units at an average density of 1.5/sq mi (0.6/km2). The racial makeup of the township was 100.00% White.

There were 48 households, out of which 39.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 70.8% were married couples living together, 2.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 20.8% were non-families. 16.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.79 and the average family size was 3.18.

In the township the population was spread out, with 33.6% under the age of 18, 4.5% from 18 to 24, 28.4% from 25 to 44, 20.9% from 45 to 64, and 12.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 119.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 134.2 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $28,750, and the median income for a family was $33,125. Males had a median income of $28,750 versus $30,625 for females. The per capita income for the township was $13,419. There were 20.0% of families and 18.5% of the population living below the poverty line, including 23.1% of under eighteens and 41.2% of those over 64.

## InfoBox

| Moose Township | |
| --- | --- |
| Township | |
| Moose TownshipLocation within the state of MinnesotaMoose TownshipMoose Township (the United States) | |
| Coordinates: 48°50′45″N 96°5′6″W / 48.84583°N 96.08500°W / 48.84583; -96.08500 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Minnesota |
| County | Roseau |
| Area | |
| Total | 36.4 sq mi (94.4 km2) |
| Land | 36.4 sq mi (94.4 km2) |
| Water | 0.0 sq mi (0.0 km2) |
| Elevation | 1,030 ft (314 m) |
| Population (2000) | |
| Total | 134 |
| Density | 3.7/sq mi (1.4/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| FIPS code | 27-43900 |
| GNIS feature ID | 665021 |


title: Watney Combe & Reid

abstract: Watney Combe & Reid was a leading brewery in London. At its peak in the 1930s it was a constituent of the FT 30 index of leading companies on the London Stock Exchange. It produced Watney's Red Barrel.

text:
# Watney Combe & Reid

**Watney Combe & Reid** was a leading brewery in London. At its peak in the 1930s it was a constituent of the FT 30 index of leading companies on the London Stock Exchange. It produced Watney's Red Barrel.

## History

The Watney family were the main partners in the Stag Brewery, Victoria, for much of the 19th century. In 1837 James Watney became a partner in the brewery, followed by his sons James and Norman in 1856. On his death in 1884, the brewery became a private limited company.

In 1889 James Watney & Co., acquired the Mortlake Brewery (latterly referred to as the Stag Brewery of Mortlake), which had been owned by Charles James Philips and James Wigan since the 1840s.

In 1898 the company merged with Combe Delafield and Co. and Reid and Co., and was subsequently known as Watney Combe and Reid. The amalgamated company was the largest brewer in London. The Combe brewery in Longacre and the Reid brewery in Clerkenwell closed almost immediately, and production was concentrated on the Watney Stag Brewery in Pimlico. The company had an annual output of 1.8 million hectolitres (some 39.5 million imperial gallons).

Watney Mann was formed in 1958 with the merger of Watney, Combe, Reid & Co. Ltd with Mann, Crossman & Paulin Ltd.

When the Stag Brewery in Victoria was demolished in 1959 the name was transferred to Mortlake Brewery.

The business acquired other brewers, including Wilsons of Manchester, Phipps NBC of Northampton, Samuel Webster & Sons of Halifax and Ushers of Trowbridge, before being taken over by Grand Metropolitan, a hotels and catering group, in 1972 and closed in 1979.

## Watney's Red Barrel

Watney's Red Barrel was a bitter which sold highly in the United Kingdom during the 1960s and 1970s. It was introduced in 1931 as an export keg beer that could travel for long distances by being made stable through filtering and pasteurising, as such it was the first keg beer. It was reformulated and relaunched as "Watney's Red" in 1971.

A 3.9% abv pale lager called Watney's Red Barrel was sold by Sleeman Breweries until 1997 and a 6.0% beer with the same name is still brewed by Alken-Maes.

## Advertising

For many years, Watney's advertised with the strapline "What we want is Watney's".

The company sponsored the Watney Cup association football tournament from 1970 to 1973.

## InfoBox

Watney Combe & Reid
|
|  |
| Industry | Brewing |
| Predecessor | The Stag Brewery |
| Founded | 1837 |
| Defunct | 1979 |
| Fate | Acquired |
| Successor | Watney Mann |
| Headquarters | London, United Kingdom |
| Products | Beer |


abstract: Sublette County School District #1 is a public school district based in Pinedale, Wyoming, United States.

text:
# Sublette County School District Number 1

**Sublette County School District #1** is a public school district based in Pinedale, Wyoming, United States.

## Geography

Sublette County School District #1 serves most of Sublette County, with the only exception being the southwestern portion of the county (which is part of Sublette County School District #9). The following communities are served by the district:

## Schools

* Pinedale High School (Grades 9–12)
* Pinedale Middle School (Grades 6–8)
* Bondurant Elementary School (Grades K-5)
* Pinedale Elementary School (Grades K-5)

## Student demographics

The following figures are as of October 1, 2008.

* **Total District Enrollment**: 989
* **Student enrollment by gender**
    + Male: 505 (51.06%)
    + Female: 484 (48.94%)
* **Student enrollment by ethnicity**
    + White (not Hispanic): 902 (91.20%)
    + Hispanic: 68 (6.88%)
    + American Indian or Alaskan Native: 13 (1.31%)
    + Asian or Pacific Islander: 4 (0.40%)
    + Black (not Hispanic): 2 (0.20%)


title: Phumelela Local Municipality elections

text:
# Phumelela Local Municipality elections

The Phumelela Local Municipality council consists of sixteen members elected by mixed-member proportional representation. Eight councillors are elected by first-past-the-post voting in eight wards, while the remaining eight are chosen from party lists so that the total number of party representatives is proportional to the number of votes received.

In the election of 3 August 2016 the African National Congress (ANC) won a majority of twelve seats on the council.

In the 2021 South African municipal elections the ANC won a reduced majority of eleven seats on the council.

## Results

The following table shows the composition of the council after past elections.

| Event | ANC | DA | EFF | FF+ | Other | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2000 election | 11 | 3 | - | - | 0 | **14** |
| 2006 election | 11 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | **14** |
| 2011 election | 12 | 3 | - | 0 | 0 | **15** |
| 2016 election | 12 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | **15** |
| 2021 election | 11 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | **16** |
|

## December 2000 election

The following table shows the results of the 2000 election.

| Party | | Ward | | | List | | | Total
seats |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Votes | % | Seats | Votes | % | Seats ||
|  | African National Congress | 10,336 | 80.14 | 7 | 10,366 | 80.30 | 4 | 11 |
|  | Democratic Alliance | 2,389 | 18.52 | 0 | 2,543 | 19.70 | 3 | 3 |
|  | Independent candidates | 173 | 1.34 | 0 |  | | | 0 |
| Total | | 12,898 | 100.00 | 7 | 12,909 | 100.00 | 7 | 14 |
|  | | | | | | | | |
| Valid votes | | 12,898 | 96.46 |  | 12,909 | 96.54 |  |  |
| Invalid/blank votes | | 473 | 3.54 |  | 463 | 3.46 |  |  |
| Total votes | | 13,371 | 100.00 |  | 13,372 | 100.00 |  |  |
| Registered voters/turnout | | 22,606 | 59.15 |  | 22,606 | 59.15 |  |  |

## March 2006 election

The following table shows the results of the 2006 election.

| Party | | Ward | | | List | | | Total
seats |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Votes | % | Seats | Votes | % | Seats ||
|  | African National Congress | 10,140 | 80.03 | 7 | 10,129 | 80.13 | 4 | 11 |
|  | Phumelela Ratepayers' Association | 1,129 | 8.91 | 0 | 991 | 7.84 | 1 | 1 |
|  | Democratic Alliance | 731 | 5.77 | 0 | 793 | 6.27 | 1 | 1 |
|  | Freedom Front Plus | 437 | 3.45 | 0 | 457 | 3.62 | 1 | 1 |
|  | Pan Africanist Congress of Azania | 233 | 1.84 | 0 | 271 | 2.14 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | | 12,670 | 100.00 | 7 | 12,641 | 100.00 | 7 | 14 |
|  | | | | | | | | |
| Valid votes | | 12,670 | 97.13 |  | 12,641 | 96.83 |  |  |
| Invalid/blank votes | | 375 | 2.87 |  | 414 | 3.17 |  |  |
| Total votes | | 13,045 | 100.00 |  | 13,055 | 100.00 |  |  |
| Registered voters/turnout | | 23,311 | 55.96 |  | 23,311 | 56.00 |  |  |

## May 2011 election

The following table shows the results of the 2011 election.

| Party | | Ward | | | List | | | Total
seats |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Votes | % | Seats | Votes | % | Seats ||
|  | African National Congress | 10,910 | 76.89 | 8 | 11,008 | 77.53 | 4 | 12 |
|  | Democratic Alliance | 2,491 | 17.55 | 0 | 2,472 | 17.41 | 3 | 3 |
|  | Freedom Front Plus | 429 | 3.02 | 0 | 432 | 3.04 | 0 | 0 |
|  | Phumelela Ratepayers' Association | 293 | 2.06 | 0 | 175 | 1.23 | 0 | 0 |
|  | National Freedom Party | 67 | 0.47 | 0 | 111 | 0.78 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | | 14,190 | 100.00 | 8 | 14,198 | 100.00 | 7 | 15 |
|  | | | | | | | | |
| Valid votes | | 14,190 | 97.49 |  | 14,198 | 97.63 |  |  |
| Invalid/blank votes | | 366 | 2.51 |  | 345 | 2.37 |  |  |
| Total votes | | 14,556 | 100.00 |  | 14,543 | 100.00 |  |  |
| Registered voters/turnout | | 24,579 | 59.22 |  | 24,579 | 59.17 |  |  |

## August 2016 election

The following table shows the results of the 2016 election.

| Party | | Ward | | | List | | | Total
seats |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Votes | % | Seats | Votes | % | Seats ||
|  | African National Congress | 11,474 | 77.08 | 8 | 11,544 | 77.39 | 4 | 12 |
|  | Democratic Alliance | 2,074 | 13.93 | 0 | 2,112 | 14.16 | 2 | 2 |
|  | Economic Freedom Fighters | 802 | 5.39 | 0 | 751 | 5.03 | 1 | 1 |
|  | Freedom Front Plus | 492 | 3.31 | 0 | 510 | 3.42 | 0 | 0 |
|  | Independent candidates | 44 | 0.30 | 0 |  | | | 0 |
| Total | | 14,886 | 100.00 | 8 | 14,917 | 100.00 | 7 | 15 |
|  | | | | | | | | |
| Valid votes | | 14,886 | 97.61 |  | 14,917 | 97.74 |  |  |
| Invalid/blank votes | | 364 | 2.39 |  | 345 | 2.26 |  |  |
| Total votes | | 15,250 | 100.00 |  | 15,262 | 100.00 |  |  |
| Registered voters/turnout | | 25,832 | 59.04 |  | 25,832 | 59.08 |  |  |

## November 2021 election

The following table shows the results of the 2021 election.

| Party | | Ward | | | List | | | Total
seats |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Votes | % | Seats | Votes | % | Seats ||
|  | African National Congress | 6,769 | 63.29 | 8 | 7,000 | 65.10 | 3 | 11 |
|  | Democratic Alliance | 1,235 | 11.55 | 0 | 1,378 | 12.82 | 2 | 2 |
|  | Economic Freedom Fighters | 1,075 | 10.05 | 0 | 1,211 | 11.26 | 2 | 2 |
|  | Freedom Front Plus | 567 | 5.30 | 0 | 615 | 5.72 | 1 | 1 |
|  | Independent candidates | 767 | 7.17 | 0 |  | | | 0 |
|  | Inkatha Freedom Party | 90 | 0.84 | 0 | 295 | 2.74 | 0 | 0 |
|  | African Transformation Movement | 114 | 1.07 | 0 | 129 | 1.20 | 0 | 0 |
|  | African Freedom Revolution | 79 | 0.74 | 0 | 125 | 1.16 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | | 10,696 | 100.00 | 8 | 10,753 | 100.00 | 8 | 16 |
|  | | | | | | | | |
| Valid votes | | 10,696 | 97.02 |  | 10,753 | 96.73 |  |  |
| Invalid/blank votes | | 328 | 2.98 |  | 364 | 3.27 |  |  |
| Total votes | | 11,024 | 100.00 |  | 11,117 | 100.00 |  |  |
| Registered voters/turnout | | 24,050 | 45.84 |  | 24,050 | 46.22 |  |  |


title: Yak (instrument)

abstract: The yak (Korean: 약) is a small flute used vertically, which has three holes and is used in court music. It is a wind instrument, a small carved instrument, which was imported from China in 1116. This wind instrument was called a wiyak because it was made of reeds, not bamboo. It is currently made of thick yellow bamboo. It is used for Aak, and according to the instrument classification method, it belongs to Jukbu (竹部) or Gongmyeong instrument (共鳴樂器). The yak has only three holes, but can play all 12 different shades. Originally an instrument used in the Chinese "aak", the yak arrived in Korea during the Koryo dynasty and was used during the performance of cultural dances. The yak was originally formed from a reed plant, but is now built primarily of wood. Today, the yak is used in the execution of the rituals of the Shrine of Confucius. Due to these typing difficulties, it is only used for very slow music without grace notes. It is currently used as a dance and music tool for ancestral rituals of scholars.

text:
# Yak (instrument)

The ***yak*** (Korean: ) is a small flute used vertically, which has three holes and is used in court music. It is a wind instrument, a small carved instrument, which was imported from China in 1116 (the eleventh year of Goryeo's King Yejoing period). This wind instrument was called a wiyak because it was made of reeds, not bamboo. It is currently made of thick yellow bamboo. It is used for Aak (hanja: 雅樂), and according to the instrument classification method, it belongs to Jukbu (竹部) or Gongmyeong instrument (共鳴樂器).

The yak has only three holes, but can play all 12 different shades. Originally an instrument used in the Chinese "aak", the yak arrived in Korea during the Koryo dynasty and was used during the performance of cultural dances. The yak was originally formed from a reed plant, but is now built primarily of wood. Today, the yak is used in the execution of the rituals of the Shrine of Confucius. Due to these typing difficulties, it is only used for very slow music without grace notes. It is currently used as a dance and music tool for ancestral rituals of scholars.


title: Thomas Darcy, 1st Earl Rivers

abstract: Thomas Darcy, 1st Earl Rivers was an English peer and courtier in the reigns of Elizabeth I, James I and Charles I.

text:
# Thomas Darcy, 1st Earl Rivers

**Thomas Darcy, 1st Earl Rivers** (c.1565 – 25 February 1640) was an English peer and courtier in the reigns of Elizabeth I, James I and Charles I.

## Early life

He was the son of John Darcy, 2nd Baron Darcy of Chiche\* and Frances Rich. His grandfather was Thomas Darcy, 1st Baron Darcy of Chiche\*, a supporter of Lady Jane Grey. He succeeded to his father's title as 3rd Baron Darcy of Chiche\* in March 1581. In 1613, he obtained a new grant of the Barony of Darcy of Chiche\* with a special remainder, on the failure of his male issue, to his son-in-law, Sir Thomas Savage, and his heirs. He attended the courts of Elizabeth I and James I, and was created **Viscount Colchester** in the Peerage of England on 5 July 1621. During the reign of Charles I, Darcy was further honoured when he was made **Earl Rivers** on 4 November 1626. Both of these titles were created with the special remainder to Sir Thomas Savage and his heirs.

*Chiche was the old name for St Osyth, Essex.

## Marriage and children

Earl Rivers married Mary Kitson, a daughter of Sir Thomas Kitson, and by her had issue:

## Death and succession

The Earl died on 25 February 1640 at Winchester House, near Broad Street, London and was buried with his ancestors at St Osyth, Essex. He was succeeded in his titles, except for the original barony of Darcy of Chiche of 1581, by his grandson, John Savage, 2nd Earl Rivers.

An inventory was made of the goods of Mary Countess-Dowager Rivers on 28 June 1644. The furnishings are listed in the rooms of an unnamed house, not St Osyth's Priory.

## InfoBox

| The Right Honourable
The Earl Rivers | |
| --- | --- |
| 1st Earl Rivers | |
| Tenure | 1626–1640 |
| Successor | John Savage, 2nd Earl Rivers |
| Other titles | Viscount Colchester
Baron Darcy of Chiche |
| Born | Thomas Darcy
c.1565 |
| Died | 25 February 1640 (aged 7475)
Winchester House, London |
| Buried | St Osyth, St Peter and St Paul church, Essex
51°47′55″N 1°04′38″E / 51.79863°N 1.07724°E / 51.79863; 1.07724 |
| Nationality | English |
| Spouse(s) | Mary Kitson |
| Issue | Thomas Darcy
Edward Darcy
Elizabeth Darcy
Mary Darcy
Penelope Darcy
Susan Darcy |
| Parents | John Darcy, 2nd Baron Darcy of Chiche
Frances Rich |


abstract: What Really Happened to the Class of '65? is a 1976 non-fiction book by Michael Medved and David Wallechinsky. The authors were members of the senior class at Palisades High School in affluent suburban Los Angeles, California, which had been the focus of a 1965 Time magazine cover story on “Today’s Teenagers.”  A decade later, the authors interviewed and wrote about 32 members of the class, including themselves, about their lives in high school and after. Among the chapters on each individual, the book interspersed thematic chapters of recollections on the Kennedy Assassination, Graduation, the Sexual Revolution, the Draft, and Confrontations.  It concluded with an account of the 10th class reunion in 1975. One of the first profiles of the “Baby Boomer Generation,” the book was a best-seller. A quasi-sequel written solely by Wallechinsky, Midterm Report Class of '65 (1986), also published as Class Reunion '65: Tales of an American Generation (1987), takes up the story twenty years after graduation. This time Wallechinsky drew on interviews with 1965 high school graduates nationwide.  In the 28 individuals selected for the book, he particularly noted the profound impact of the Vietnam War on their lives.  Two of those interviewees were Claudine Schneider, who had become a Republican member of Congress from Rhode Island, and President Jimmy Carter's son Jack.  Recollections of Manuel Lauterio, who presumably died January 8, 1973, in a helicopter in Vietnam, were recounted by his wife and family.   For his concluding chapter, Wallechinsky wrote a “midterm report” on his generation, assessing whether they had thus far left the world in a better condition than they found it, and compared it with the “midterm” and “late-term” reports he wrote on his parents’ generation, the Class of 1935.

text:
# What Really Happened to the Class of '65?

***What Really Happened to the Class of '65?*** is a 1976 non-fiction book by Michael Medved and David Wallechinsky. The authors were members of the senior class at Palisades High School in affluent suburban Los Angeles, California, which had been the focus of a 1965 *Time* magazine cover story on “Today’s Teenagers.” A decade later, the authors interviewed and wrote about 32 members of the class, including themselves, about their lives in high school and after. Among the chapters on each individual, the book interspersed thematic chapters of recollections on the Kennedy Assassination, Graduation, the Sexual Revolution, the Draft, and Confrontations. It concluded with an account of the 10th class reunion in 1975. One of the first profiles of the “Baby Boomer Generation,” the book was a best-seller.

A quasi-sequel written solely by Wallechinsky, **Midterm Report Class of '65** (1986), also published as **Class Reunion '65: Tales of an American Generation** (1987), takes up the story twenty years after graduation. This time Wallechinsky drew on interviews with 1965 high school graduates nationwide. In the 28 individuals selected for the book, he particularly noted the profound impact of the Vietnam War on their lives. Two of those interviewees were Claudine Schneider, who had become a Republican member of Congress from Rhode Island, and President Jimmy Carter's son Jack. Recollections of Manuel Lauterio, who presumably died January 8, 1973, in a helicopter in Vietnam, were recounted by his wife and family.<sup> </sup> For his concluding chapter, Wallechinsky wrote a “midterm report” on his generation, assessing whether they had thus far left the world in a better condition than they found it, and compared it with the “midterm” and “late-term” reports he wrote on his parents’ generation, the Class of 1935.

## Adaptation

The book was later adapted into an anthology television series of the same name that aired on NBC from December 1977 to July 1978. The only regular was Tony Bill in the role of Sam Ashley. Others who appeared were Leslie Nielsen, Jane Curtin, Larry Hagman, Linda Purl, Meredith Baxter, and Emmaline Henry. The TV show was filmed at Grant High School in Van Nuys, California.

## InfoBox

What Really Happened to the Class of '65?
| First edition cover | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Michael Medved, David Wallechinsky |
| Genre | Non-fiction |
| Publisher | Random House |
| Publication date | 1976 |
| ISBN | 978-4-910-24649-9 |


title: Unique 3

abstract: Unique 3 are an English rave band from Bradford, Yorkshire. Formed in 1988, they pioneered the 'bleep techno' sound. Their song "The Theme" captured this sound, and it later appeared in remixed form on the Chemical Brothers' compilation album, Brothers Gonna Work It Out. Their most commercially successful record was "Musical Melody", which reached number 29 on the UK Singles Chart in April 1990 and led to a performance on Top of the Pops.

text:
# Unique 3

**Unique 3** are an English rave band from Bradford, Yorkshire. Formed in 1988, they pioneered the 'bleep techno' sound. Their song "The Theme" captured this sound, and it later appeared in remixed form on the Chemical Brothers' compilation album, *Brothers Gonna Work It Out*. Their most commercially successful record was "Musical Melody", which reached number 29 on the UK Singles Chart in April 1990 and led to a performance on *Top of the Pops*.

## Discography

### Albums

* *Jus' Unique* (10, 1990)
* *Invasive Signals* (Fat!, 2007)

### Singles

| Year | Song | UK<br> |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1989 | "The Theme" | 61 |
| 1990 | "Musical Melody" / "Weight for the Bass" | 29 |
| | "Rhythm Takes Control" | 41 |
| 1991 | "No More" |  |
| | "Activity" |  |
| 1993 | "Open Up Your Mind" |  |
| 2007 | "Rocks the Bass" |  |
| 2011 | "Shades of Grey" |  |
| 2012 | "Serial Killer" |  |
| 2016 | "Reconnoitre" |  |
| "—" denotes releases that did not chart. | | | |

## InfoBox

| Unique 3 | |
| --- | --- |
| Origin | Bradford, England |
| Genres |  |
| Years active | 1988–present |


title: Vosmaeropsis

abstract: Vosmaeropsis is a genus of sponges in the family, Heteropiidae, and was first described in 1893 by Arthur Dendy. The type species by subsequent designation is Vosmaeropsis macera.

text:
# Vosmaeropsis

***Vosmaeropsis*** is a genus of sponges in the family, Heteropiidae, and was first described in 1893 by Arthur Dendy. The type species by subsequent designation is *Vosmaeropsis macera* (Carter, 1886).

## Distribution

GBIF with just 25 georeferenced specimens in this genus, shows it with an apparent world-wide distribution. The Australian Faunal Directory shows as being found on/off the coast of Victoria, and the coasts of north-west and south-west Western Australia.

## Accepted species

(according to WoRMS)

## InfoBox

| *Vosmaeropsis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Porifera |
| Class: | Calcarea |
| Order: | Leucosolenida |
| Family: | Heteropiidae |
| Genus: | *Vosmaeropsis*<br>Dendy, 1893 |
|


title: This Week (2003 TV programme)

abstract: This Week is a British current affairs and politics TV programme. It was screened late on Thursday evenings on BBC One and hosted by former Sunday Times editor Andrew Neil, with a panel of two commentators, one from the right and the other from the left of the political spectrum. The show was introduced on 16 January 2003, as was the Daily Politics, after a major review of BBC political programmes. It replaced the nightly Despatch Box (1998–2002), for which Neil had been the sole presenter in its later years. In February 2019, following Neil's decision to step down as host, the BBC announced that This Week would end in July 2019. The final episode aired on 18 July 2019, a live broadcast from Westminster Central Hall with an invited audience of political dignitaries and celebrities. Mick Hucknall of pop group Simply Red sang "Nobody Does It Better" to Neil and the 'Final Show' was closed by 'Quiet Man' covering "Make Luv" (sic). After September 2019, Neil went on to host The Andrew Neil Show on Wednesdays. This Week was initially replaced on Thursdays by the TV version of Brexitcast, a podcast about Brexit.

text:
# This Week (2003 TV programme)

***This Week*** is a British current affairs and politics TV programme. It was screened late on Thursday evenings on BBC One and hosted by former *Sunday Times* editor Andrew Neil, with a panel of two commentators, one from the right and the other from the left of the political spectrum. The show was introduced on 16 January 2003, as was the *Daily Politics*, after a major review of BBC political programmes. It replaced the nightly *Despatch Box* (1998–2002), for which Neil had been the sole presenter in its later years. In February 2019, following Neil's decision to step down as host, the BBC announced that *This Week* would end in July 2019.

The final episode aired on 18 July 2019, a live broadcast from Westminster Central Hall with an invited audience of political dignitaries and celebrities. Mick Hucknall of pop group Simply Red sang "Nobody Does It Better" to Neil and the 'Final Show' was closed by 'Quiet Man' covering "Make Luv" (sic). After September 2019, Neil went on to host *The Andrew Neil Show* on Wednesdays. *This Week* was initially replaced on Thursdays by the TV version of *Brexitcast*, a podcast about Brexit.

## Overview

Shown directly following *Question Time*, *This Week* presented itself as a more laid-back companion to its predecessor, with episodes regularly opening with a summary of the week's main events in the form of a parody of a popular television series. At the beginning of each episode, Neil asked the two regular commentators for their "Moment of the Week", occasionally contributing his own "moment". The standard format consists of three segments, with a guest contributor featuring in each. The first featured a journalist or commentator who presents their "Take of the Week" in a short film before appearing in the studio to discuss their perspective further. The second segment was a light-hearted "Round-up of the Week" in and around Parliament, formerly presented by Mark Mardell, who left the show on becoming the BBC's Europe Editor in 2005. The "Round-up" segment was later presented by a rotation of writers and broadcasters. This was followed by a discussion between the hosts (often joined for this segment by Miranda Green) of the issues raised. The third main segment, "Spotlight", typically focused more on cultural topics and features a final guest. For many years, there was often also a quiz at the end of the show, in which Neil took pleasure in demonstrating the commentators' ignorance of a range of topics, though this feature no longer appeared in later years.

With a light-hearted tone compared with most political programming, *This Week* was "punchy, irreverent, satirical". Originally, the former MP Michael Portillo was the regular Conservative commentator on the show, and the Labour commentator until 2010 was the sitting MP Diane Abbott. The two were ostensibly an "odd couple" coming from different sides of the political spectrum (albeit with a long-standing friendship dating back to when both attended grammar school in Harrow, even having appeared in a production of *Macbeth* together). During her unsuccessful campaign in 2010 to lead the Labour Party and her subsequent tenure as Shadow Minister for Public Health, Abbott began making only occasional appearances, her ability to speak without constraint becoming noticeable. Eventually, her place was taken by another Labour MP, in rotation each week, always a backbencher, most often Alan Johnson. After returning to the backbenches in 2013, Abbott appeared on a fortnightly basis, alternating with Johnson. Following her appointment to Jeremy Corbyn's shadow cabinet in September 2015, she did not reappear, though the tradition of Labour MPs alternating in the spot continued.

Though primarily a political discussion programme, *This Week* achieved notoriety for its humorous approach to current affairs. For example, during the 2005 General Election, the show's title sequence spoofed the recently re-released version of "Is This the Way to Amarillo" and its video featuring comedian Peter Kay. In 2011, following the announcement that the techno band Underworld were to perform at the opening ceremony for the London Summer Olympics, the show's ending credits featured Neil and his guests raving to the band's music. The clip subsequently went viral on YouTube, helping to increase the show's unconventional popularity amongst younger audiences.

In 2006, the programme won the Hansard Society Award for Opening Up Politics which was awarded at the Channel 4 Political Awards ceremony.

During the general election campaign of 2010, *This Week* was broadcast on Monday nights in addition to its usual Thursday night slot, with contributors including Sarah Teather, Lynne Featherstone, Caroline Flint and James Purnell and the late Charles Kennedy. Since 2013, Neil's golden retriever Miss Molly also frequently appeared on the show, often walking in front of the camera during shots or choosing to sleep next to guests.

*This Week* was often spoofed on the BBC Radio 4 Comedy Show *Dead Ringers*, where Andrew Neil interviewed Diane Abbott and then Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn often popped up.

## Recurring jokes

In keeping with its comic style, *This Week* had several recurring jokes and nicknames. These included assertions that the show's viewers watched the show drinking Blue Nun, David Cameron watched the show in bed wearing his pyjamas, and that the cast regularly went to a nightclub after filming is completed, either Annabel's in Berkeley Square or Lou Lou's in Mayfair (with Charles Clarke providing the guests a minicab service, even when he was not appearing on the show). It was also frequently said that the show had a budget of almost zero, and had few or no regular viewers. While giving out the Twitter and Facebook handles for the show (in the process, creatively mangling the names of the social media sites), Neil also insisted that no comments posted by viewers would be read. In addition, every episode began with the words "Evenin' all" and ended with "That's your lot for this week" followed by "Nighty-night; don't let the \[topical event or person\] bite". The middle section was introduced with "Now, it's late; \[topical event\]-late." Following Diane Abbott's departure from the show, Neil would joke that her leadership bid and later appointment as Shadow Minister for Public Health were part of her "insatiable lust for power". On the rare occasions that she consequently made an appearance on the show, Neil introduced her by saying "And back by absolutely no public demand whatsoever...". In weeks where the Speaker of the House of Commons, John Bercow (or his spouse), had featured in the news, the end credits were frequently shown over a scene of the diminutive Speaker being ceremonially escorted into the House of Commons to the music and lyrics of Jimmy Dean's "Big Bad John".

### Guest commentators' nicknames

### Other political nicknames

### Election song

During general elections, the show started with the 'election song'. The 2005 election song was "Is this the way to Election Day?" (a spoof of "Is This the Way to Amarillo?" by Neil Sedaka and Howard Greenfield), and for the 2010 election, the song was "We're Off to Find a PM" (a spoof of "We're Off to See the Wizard" by Harold Arlen).

## InfoBox

| *This Week* | |
| --- | --- |
| Andrew Neil presenting the show | |
| Genre | Current affairs, politics |
| Presented by | Andrew Neil |
| Starring | Michael Portillo
Alan Johnson
Miranda Green
Alex Salmond
Suzanne Evans
Diane Abbott
Liz Kendall
David Lammy |
| Theme music composer | Jim Meacock |
| Country of origin | United Kingdom |
| Original language | English |
| Production | |
| Executive producer | Samir Shah |
| Editor | Penny |
| Running time | 45 minutes |
| Production company | Juniper TV |
| Original release | |
| Network | BBC One |
| Release | 16 January 2003 (2003-01-16)
18 July 2019 (2019-07-18) |
| Related | |
|  | |


title: Voskhod mine

abstract: The Voskhod mine is a large mine in the north-west of Kazakhstan. Voskhod represents one of the largest chromium reserve in Kazakhstan having estimated reserves of 27.1 million tonnes of ore grading 48.5% chromium. The 27.1 million tonnes of ore contains 13.1 million tonnes of chromium metal.

text:
# Voskhod mine

The **Voskhod mine** is a large mine in the north-west of Kazakhstan. Voskhod represents one of the largest chromium reserve in Kazakhstan having estimated reserves of 27.1 million tonnes of ore grading 48.5% chromium. The 27.1 million tonnes of ore contains 13.1 million tonnes of chromium metal.

## InfoBox

Voskhod mine
| Location | |
| --- | --- |
| Country | Kazakhstan |
| Production | |
| Products | Chromium |


title: This Week Live

abstract: This Week Live is an Australian comedy chat show screening weekly on Network Ten from 24 July 2013. It is hosted by comedians Dave Thornton, Tommy Little, Tom Gleeson and Meshel Laurie. The show features discussions of topical subjects, guests on the panel and pre-recorded interviews and skits. The show is created and produced by Craig Campbell, Kevin Whyte, Tom Whitty and Hayden Guppy. Rove McManus, Charlie Pickering and Peter Helliar have been guest panelists.

text:
# This Week Live

***This Week Live*** is an Australian comedy chat show screening weekly on Network Ten from 24 July 2013. It is hosted by comedians Dave Thornton, Tommy Little, Tom Gleeson and Meshel Laurie. The show features discussions of topical subjects, guests on the panel and pre-recorded interviews and skits. The show is created and produced by Craig Campbell, Kevin Whyte, Tom Whitty and Hayden Guppy.

Rove McManus, Charlie Pickering and Peter Helliar have been guest panelists.

## Segments

Regular segments include:

* "I Hate You, Now Change My Mind", where a controversial politician or person in the media is interviewed by Tom Gleeson
* "Twit Pics", where photos of twits from Twitter are shared
* "Regional News"
* "Sport Report"

## InfoBox

| *This Week Live* | |
| --- | --- |
| Genre | Talk show |
| Created by | Craig Campbell
Kevin Whyte |
| Presented by | Dave Thornton
Tommy Little
Tom Gleeson
Meshel Laurie |
| Country of origin | Australia |
| Original language | English |
| No. of seasons | 1 |
| No. of episodes | 13 |
| Production | |
| Producers | Craig Campbell
Kevin Whyte |
| Running time | 60 minutes |
| Production company | Roving Enterprises |
| Original release | |
| Network | Network Ten |
| Release | 24 July (2013-07-24)
16 October 2013 (2013-10-16) |


title: Vrsta

abstract: Vrsta is a village in the municipality of Bihać, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

text:
# Vrsta

**Vrsta** (Serbian Cyrillic: Врста) is a village in the municipality of Bihać, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## Demographics

According to the 2013 census, its population was 458.

Ethnicity in 2013
| Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Bosniaks | 451 | 98.5% |
| other/undeclared | 7 | 1.5% |
| **Total** | **458** | **100%** |

44°53′45″N 15°49′48″E / 44.89583°N 15.83000°E / 44.89583; 15.83000

## InfoBox

| Vrsta Врста | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Vrsta | |
| Coordinates: 44°53′45″N 15°49′48″E / 44.89583°N 15.83000°E / 44.89583; 15.83000 | |
| Country | Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Entity | Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Canton | Una-Sana |
| Municipality | Bihać |
| Area | |
| Total | 1.29 sq mi (3.35 km2) |
| Population (2013) | |
| Total | 458 |
| Density | 350/sq mi (140/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: These Boots Were Made for Stalking

abstract: "These Boots Were Made for Stalking" is the twelfth episode of the seventh season of the American mystery drama television series Pretty Little Liars, which aired on April 25, 2017, on the cable network Freeform. The 152nd episode overall, it was directed by Ron Lagomarsino and written by Oliver Goldstick. "These Boots Were Made for Stalking" received a Nielsen rating of 0.5 and was viewed by 0.91 million viewers, a decrease from the previous episode, although received favorable response. The series focuses on a group of five women, collectively known as the Liars, whose receive anonymous messages in form of threats from an unknown person, while they struggle to survive a life with danger. In this episode, each of the Liars struggle with their personal lives, while the Liar's Lament board game starts to give them clues to the endgame.

text:
# These Boots Were Made for Stalking

"**These Boots Were Made for Stalking**" is the twelfth episode of the seventh season of the American mystery drama television series *Pretty Little Liars*, which aired on April 25, 2017, on the cable network Freeform. The 152nd episode overall, it was directed by Ron Lagomarsino and written by Oliver Goldstick. "These Boots Were Made for Stalking" received a Nielsen rating of 0.5 and was viewed by 0.91 million viewers, a decrease from the previous episode, although received favorable response.

The series focuses on a group of five women, collectively known as the Liars, whose receive anonymous messages in form of threats from an unknown person, while they struggle to survive a life with danger. In this episode, each of the Liars struggle with their personal lives, while the Liar's Lament board game starts to give them clues to the endgame.

## Plot

After Hanna's (Ashley Benson) unsuccessful attempt to break the Liar's Lament board game, the Liars debate if the board can or can not see them. Alison (Sasha Pieterse) insists that Jenna (Tammin Sursok) may be behind "A.D.'s" mask, to which Hanna disagrees. Aria (Lucy Hale) is suspicious towards Sydney, but Emily (Shay Mitchell) refuses the theory. Instead, she says they should surrender to the police, revealing they killed Archer. Spencer (Troian Bellisario) rebut it, stating they broke laws, even if Archer's death wasn't a first degree murder. Spencer asks Marco (Nicholas Gonzalez) to track down Mary Drake and shows him the letter Mary wrote for her. At the Police Station, Jenna suddenly appears, and tells Marco and Spencer that she was trying to protect herself from Noel the night she was holding a gun at the school for the blind, and now she has been hiding since. Jenna further tells them that Noel wanted money from Jenna, which Charlotte gave her for her eye surgery, and that he is Sara's killer, which Spencer is skeptical of. Mona (Janel Parrish) reveals to Hanna that Katherine fell in love with a dress that was in Hanna's closet, and Hanna ends up denying the possibility of selling it to Katherine. Later, on at Radley, Hanna sees Jenna wearing a white version of the dress and is enraged; Mona confronts Jenna, but the latter does not say where she got it. Hanna joins Caleb (Tyler Blackburn) and follows Jenna to an atelier of an acquaintance of Hanna. Caleb argues with Jenna on the sidewalk while Hanna invades the studio and ends up being jailed up by someone unknown. While there, flashbacks from the time she was abducted pop up in Hanna's mind, driving her insane. Caleb arrives in time to rescue her.

In the girls' personal lives, Aria is afraid that Ezra's reconnection with Nicole might lead to their marriage not happening, and finds solace with friend Holden (Shane Coffey). Emily is accused by high school student Addison Derringer (Ava Allan) of being inappropriate, while Addison gathers photos of Emily with Alison (Sasha Pieterse). Paige (Lindsey Shaw) tries to resolve the situation, but Emily ends up screaming at Addison. Ultimately, Paige calls Addison's father and she's called to the Principal's room. Spencer requires her father's presence at home, ending up arguing once again with her mother (Lesley Fera) about Mary Drake.

Emily decides to play the game and, following the triumph of the mission delivered to her, she wins a piece of the board puzzle. Spencer understands that through the junction of the pieces, a map that will lead to something or someone will be revealed.

## Production

"These Boots Were Made for Stalking" was directed by Ron Lagomarsino and written by Oliver Goldstick. Table-read for this episode started on July 15, 2016, while filming occurred between July 20 and July 27, 2016.

### Casting

All ensemble cast members return for this episode. Lesley Fera, Lindsey Shaw, Nicholas Gonzalez and Tammin Sursok portray in a recurring capacity characters Veronica Hastings, Paige McCullers, Detective Marco Furey and Jenna Marshall, respectively. Shane Coffey portrays Holden Strauss for the second time on Season 7. Ava Allan debuts in the series portraying teenager Addison Derringer in a recurring capacity.

### Title reference

The episode's previous title was revealed by showrunner I. Marlene King on July 15, 2016. It references the book *These Boots Are Made For Stalking* by author Lisi Harrison, included in the book series *The Clique*, which contains a similar theme of the *Pretty Little Liars* book series. The title could also regard the 1966 song "These Boots Are Made for Walkin'" by singer Nancy Sinatra.

Later, it was retitled as "These Boots Were Made for Stalking", replacing the verb "are" for its past form.

## Critical reception

Writing for *SpoilerTV*, Gavin Hetherington gave the episode a mixed review, "I like the game and it's providing the show with its final injection of life, but pretty much everything else around it is not as interesting." He further added saying the Liars' personal lives story line are "too tedious." "All in all, it was a fine episode, but with only 8 episodes to go, we need more than fine," he concluded. Paul Dailly from *TVFanatic* gave the episode a 4 out of 5 stars rating, said it "was a solid episode that raised the stakes some more as we approach the finish line. I was so on the fence about the *Jumanji*-like game at first, but I'm interested in finding out who it leads to."

## Broadcast and ratings

Following its original airing, "These Boots Were Made for Stalking " was watched by 0.91 million Americans and earned a 0.5 rating/share according to the Nielsen Media Research.

## InfoBox

| "**These Boots Were Made for Stalking**" | |
| --- | --- |
| *Pretty Little Liars* episode | |
| Episode no. | Season 7<br>Episode 12 |
| Directed by | Ron Lagomarsino |
| Written by | Oliver Goldstick |
| Featured music | Michael Suby |
| Editing by | Craig Fikse |
| Original air date | April 25, 2017 (2017-04-25) |
| Running time | 42 minutes |
| Guest appearances | |
|  | |
|
|


title: Thomas Dent (lawyer)

abstract: Thomas Ijams Dent was a prominent Chicago lawyer.

text:
# Thomas Dent (lawyer)

**Thomas Ijams Dent** (November 14, 1831  December 25, 1924) was a prominent Chicago lawyer.

## Biography

Dent was born in Hennepin, Illinois, the son of George Dent and Comfort (Ijams) Dent. George Dent held a number of elective offices in Putnam County, including clerk of the circuit and county courts, county judge, and member of the Illinois House of Representatives in 1853 and 1864. Thomas Dent was educated at public schools in Illinois and Ohio, and then, at age 15, became permanently employed as his father's assistant.

After studying law on his own, Dent was admitted to the bar in 1854, at which time he established a law practice in Hennepin, Illinois. He moved to Chicago in 1856, forming a legal partnership with Martin R. M. Wallace. Dent married Susan Strawn in 1857. Also in 1857, he moved to Peoria, Illinois, but was back in Chicago the next year, and in 1860 formed a partnership (Arrington & Dent) with Judge A. W. Arrington that would last until Arrington's death in 1867. At that point Dent joined forces with William P. Black to establish a new law firm, Dent & Black. Dent had a successful practice with many corporate clients, including banks, insurance companies, a railroad company, and the Chicago Board of Trade. Dent argued several cases to the Supreme Court of the United States.

In 1879, Dent ran unsuccessfully for a seat on the Supreme Court of Illinois on the Republican ticket.

Dent served as president of the Chicago Law Institute, the Chicago Bar Association, and then, in 1888, as president of the Illinois State Bar Association.

An elder of the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America, Dent served as a director of the McCormick Theological Seminary for nearly 4 decades.

He died in Chicago on December 25, 1924, and was buried at Graceland Cemetery.

## InfoBox

| Thomas Ijams Dent | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1831-11-14)November 14, 1831
Hennepin, Illinois |
| Died | December 25, 1924(1924-12-25) (aged 93)
Chicago, Illinois |
| Resting place | Graceland Cemetery |
| Occupation | Lawyer |


title: Thomas Bosvile

abstract: Brigadier Thomas James Bolle Bosvile, was a British Army officer who served as acting General Officer Commanding 1st Armoured Division during the Second World War.

text:
# Thomas Bosvile

Brigadier **Thomas James Bolle Bosvile**, CBE, DSO\*, MC (19 September 1897 – 8 July 1945) was a British Army officer who served as acting General Officer Commanding 1st Armoured Division during the Second World War.

## Military career

Bosvile was commissioned into the Rifle Brigade (The Prince Consort's Own) on 16 June 1915. He saw action during the First World War for which he was awarded the Military Cross. The medal's citation reads:

> For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty. He led his company forward, unsupported by artillery, and captured an enemy position in spite of strong opposition. He set a magnificent example of determination and initiative.

During the Second World War, he commanded the 1st Battalion, The Rifle Brigade during the Battle of Gazala in North Africa in May 1942 for which he was appointed a Companion of the Distinguished Service Order. He went on to command 7th Motor Brigade and led the Defence of Outpost Snipe on 26 October 1942 during the Second Battle of El Alamein in October 1942: for this he was awarded a bar to his Distinguished Service Order. He briefly served as acting General Officer Commanding 1st Armoured Division from 27 April 1943 until 1 May 1943. After that he served on the staff at the Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force for which he was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire.

He died on 8 July 1945, before the end of the war and was buried at Church of St Andrew & St Mary, Pitminster.

## Family

Bosvile married Crystal Guina Lucy Jervis on 11 October 1927.

## InfoBox

| Thomas Bosvile | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 19 September 1897 |
| Died | 8 July 1945 (aged 47) |
| Allegiance | United Kingdom |
| Service/branch | British Army |
| Years of service | 1915–1945 |
| Rank | Brigadier |
| Service number | 11877 |
| Unit | Rifle Brigade (The Prince Consort's Own) |
| Commands | 1st Battalion, Rifle Brigade (The Prince Consort's Own)
7th Motor Brigade |
| Battles/wars | First World War
Second World War |
| Awards | Commander of the Order of the British Empire
Distinguished Service Order & Bar
Military Cross |


title: Thestor murrayi

abstract: Thestor murrayi, the Murray's skolly, is a butterfly of the family Lycaenidae. It is found in South Africa, where it is known from Name Karoo in the West Cape, from the Swartberg to the Kammanassie, Outeniqua and Tsitsikamma mountains to the Groot Winterhoekberge and Baviaanskloofberge in the East Cape. The wingspan is 26–28 mm for males and 27–29 mm for females. Adults are on wing from October to January. There is one generation per year.

text:
# Thestor murrayi

***Thestor murrayi***, the **Murray's skolly**, is a butterfly of the family Lycaenidae. It is found in South Africa, where it is known from Name Karoo in the West Cape, from the Swartberg to the Kammanassie, Outeniqua and Tsitsikamma mountains to the Groot Winterhoekberge and Baviaanskloofberge in the East Cape.

The wingspan is 26–28 mm for males and 27–29 mm for females. Adults are on wing from October to January. There is one generation per year.

## InfoBox

| *Thestor murrayi* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Lycaenidae |
| Genus: | *Thestor* |
| Species: | ***T. murrayi*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Thestor murrayi***
Swanepoel, 1953 | |
|


title: Thomas J. Campbell (American football)

abstract: Thomas Joseph Campbell was an American banker and football player and coach. He served as the head football coach at Bowdoin College in 1915, at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill from 1916 to 1919, and at the University of Virginia in 1922, compiling a career college football record of 16–16–2. Campbell played football at Harvard University, from which he graduated in 1912. Campbell married Mildred Bell in 1920 in New York.

text:
# Thomas J. Campbell (American football)

**Thomas Joseph Campbell** (October 27, 1886 – February 28, 1972) was an American banker and football player and coach. He served as the head football coach at Bowdoin College in 1915, at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill from 1916 to 1919, and at the University of Virginia in 1922, compiling a career college football record of 16–16–2. Campbell played football at Harvard University, from which he graduated in 1912.

Campbell married Mildred Bell in 1920 in New York.

## Coaching career

In 1916 and 1919, Campbell served as the head coach at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, where he compiled a 9–7–1 record. From 1917 to 1918, he served in the military during World War I while North Carolina's football program was suspended. In 1922, Campbell coached at the University of Virginia, tallying a mark of 4–4–1.

## Head coaching record

### College

| Year | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing | Bowl/playoffs |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Bowdoin Polar Bears** *()* (1915) | | | | | | | | |
| 1915 | Bowdoin | 3–5 |  |  |  |
| **Bowdoin:** | | 3–5 |  |  | | | | |
| **North Carolina Tar Heels** *(South Atlantic Intercollegiate Athletic Association)* (1916–1919) | | | | | | | | |
| 1916 | North Carolina | 5–4 | 3–1 | T–5th |  |
| 1917 | No team—World War I |  |  |  |  |
| 1918 | No team—World War I |  |  |  |  |
| 1919 | North Carolina | 4–3–1 | 3–1 | T–3rd |  |
| **North Carolina:** | | 9–7–1 | 6–2 |  | | | | |
| **Virginia Orange and Blue** *(Southern Conference)* (1922) | | | | | | | | |
| 1922 | Virginia | 4–4–1 | 1–1–1 | 9th |  |
| **Virginia:** | | 4–4–1 | 1–1–1 |  | | | | |
| **Total:** | | 16–16–2 |  | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

Thomas J. Campbell
| Campbell pictured in *Yackety Yack 1917*, UNC yearbook | |
| --- | --- |
| Biographical details | |
| Born | (1886-10-27)October 27, 1886
Gardner, Massachusetts, U.S. |
| Died | February 28, 1972(1972-02-28) (aged 85)
South Natick, Massachusetts, U.S. |
| Playing career | |
| 1910–1911 | Harvard |
|  | |
| Position(s) | Halfback |
| Coaching career (HC unless noted) | |
| 1912 | Morristown HS (NJ) |
| 1913–1914 | Harvard (assistant) |
| 1915 | Bowdoin |
| 1916–1919 | North Carolina |
| 1922 | Virginia |
| 1923–1924 | Harvard (freshmen) |
|  | |
| Head coaching record | |
| Overall | 16–16–2 (college) |
| Accomplishments and honors | |
| Championships | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |