title: Trost Records

abstract: Trost Records is a record label located in Vienna.

text:
# Trost Records

**Trost Records** is a record label located in Vienna.

## History

In the early 1990s, Trost was founded as a tape label, releasing records of Austrian alternative and underground bands, such as Valina, Snakkerdu Densk, Bulbul and Holly May.

In 2011, the sublabel Cien Fuegos was established which primarily releases free jazz re-issues. Moreover, Trost started to closely cooperate with artists like Peter Brötzmann, Christof Kurzmann, Mats Gustafsson, Alexander von Schlippenbach.

In 2013, Trost released the five-CD set *Long Story Short*, featuring recordings from the *Wels Unlimited* festival held in Austria in November 2011, to celebrate the birthday of Peter Brötzmann. In addition to Brötzmann, the release features the music of Okkyung Lee, Nasheet Waits, Jason Adasiewicz, Keiji Haino, and Dieb13. The release was awarded the Preis der deutschen Schallplattenkritik.

Recently, Trost Records has been collaborating with the Scandinavian free jazz band The Thing (the thing records), the Viennese band Radian (Radian Releases) and the Viennese record label Comfortzone.

## Artists

|  |  |
| --- | --- |

1. "about us". *Trost Records*. Archived from the original on 2016-08-20. Retrieved 2021-02-19.
2. Margasak, Peter (2013-05-30). "German reedist Peter Brötzmann, forever looking forward". *Chicago Reader*. Retrieved 2021-02-19.
3. "Jahrespreise Annual Awards / Long Lists". *Preis der deutschen Schallplattenkritik*. Retrieved 2021-02-19.
4. "Artists". *TROST Records*. Retrieved 2021-02-19.

## InfoBox

| Trost Records | |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | 1991 (1991) |
| Genre | Various |
| Country of origin | Austria |
| Location | Vienna |
| Official website | www.trost.at |


title: Trost & Trost

abstract: Trost & Trost Architects & Engineers, often known as Trost & Trost, was an architectural firm based in El Paso, Texas. The firm's chief designer was Henry Charles Trost, who was born in Toledo, Ohio, in 1860. Trost moved from Chicago to Tucson, Arizona in 1899 and to El Paso in 1903. He partnered with Robert Rust to form Trost & Rust. Rust died in 1905 and later that year Trost formed the firm of Trost & Trost with his twin brother Gustavus Adolphus Trost, also an architect, who had joined the firm as a structural engineer. Between 1903 and Henry Trost's death on September 19, 1933, the firm designed hundreds of buildings in the El Paso area and in other Southwestern cities, including Albuquerque, Phoenix, Tucson, and San Angelo. Throughout his career, Henry Trost demonstrated his ability to work in a variety of styles, including Art Deco, Mission Revival, Prairie, Pueblo Revival, and Bhutanese Dzong architecture, at the University of Texas at El Paso. Many of the buildings designed by Trost & Trost display an influence from the Chicago School of architecture. Henry Trost had lived in Chicago between 1888 and 1896. In 1889, Henry started the American Art Metal Work Company with Emil Henry Seeman, which lasted about a year. From 1892 to 1896, Trost served as vice president of Chicago Ornamental Iron Company. The company is associated with metal ornament that formed the front railings of the boxes and balconies in the Lafayette Square Opera House in Washington, DC.

text:
# Trost & Trost

**Trost & Trost Architects & Engineers**, often known as **Trost & Trost**, was an architectural firm based in El Paso, Texas. The firm's chief designer was **Henry Charles Trost**, who was born in Toledo, Ohio, in 1860. Trost moved from Chicago to Tucson, Arizona in 1899 and to El Paso in 1903. He partnered with Robert Rust to form **Trost & Rust**. Rust died in 1905 and later that year Trost formed the firm of Trost & Trost with his twin brother **Gustavus Adolphus Trost**, also an architect, who had joined the firm as a structural engineer. Between 1903 and Henry Trost's death on September 19, 1933, the firm designed hundreds of buildings in the El Paso area and in other Southwestern cities, including Albuquerque, Phoenix, Tucson, and San Angelo.

Throughout his career, Henry Trost demonstrated his ability to work in a variety of styles, including Art Deco, Mission Revival, Prairie, Pueblo Revival, and Bhutanese Dzong architecture, at the University of Texas at El Paso. Many of the buildings designed by Trost & Trost display an influence from the Chicago School of architecture. Henry Trost had lived in Chicago between 1888 and 1896. In 1889, Henry started the American Art Metal Work Company with Emil Henry Seeman, which lasted about a year.

From 1892 to 1896, Trost served as vice president of Chicago Ornamental Iron Company. The company is associated with metal ornament that formed the front railings of the boxes and balconies in the Lafayette Square Opera House in Washington, DC.

## Selected buildings

* Steinfeld Mansion (Tucson's First Owls Club), 1898 Tucson, Arizona; Henry C. Trost
* South Hall, 1898, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; Henry C. Trost (demolished 1958)
* Schneider-Healy House, 1900–1902, Tucson, Arizona; Henry Trost
* Gardiner / Ramsey House 1900–1901, 144 E. University Blvd. Tucson, Arizona Trost & Trost
* Tucson's Second Owls Club, 1902-1903 Tucson, Arizona; Trost & Rust
* Carnegie Free Library in Tucson, 1900-1901 Arizona; Trost & Trost
* Willard Hotel (Pueblo Hotel and Apartments), 1902–1904, 145 S.6th Ave. Tucson, Arizona; Henry C. Trost
* Santa Rita Hotel, 1904, Tucson, Arizona Trost & Rust (demolished 1972)
* Ronstadt House, 1904, 607 North Sixth Avenue in Tucson, Arizona; Trost & Rust
* Bayless House, 1905, 145 East University Boulevard Tucson, Arizona; Trost & Rust
* Tucson Residence (721 E. University Blvd.), 1905, Tucson, Arizona; Henry C. Trost
* William Ward Turney residence (now the International Museum of Art), 1908, El Paso, Texas
* Young Men's Christian Association, 1906–1908; El Paso, Texas, Henry C. Trost (demolished in 1961)
* Manning House 1907 for Levi Manning at 450 W. Paseo Redondo in Tucson designed by Henry Trost

## References and notes

1. "Manning House: Then and now".
2. "Caples Building 2015".
3. "Arizona Eastern & Southern Pacific Railway Passenger Depot". *Henry C. Trost Historical Organization*. Retrieved August 25, 2018.
* Edgell, G.H., *The American Architecture of Today* Charles Scribner's Sons, New York. 1929
* *Guide to the Architecture of Phoenix*, Central Chapter of the American Institute of Architects. 1983
* Information gathered by Lloyd C. & June F. Engelbrecht under a grant from the National Endowment for the humanities for the El Paso Public Library, 1990.
* *The Spirit of H.H. Richardson of the Midwest Prairies*, ed. by Larson and Brown, University Art Museum, University of Minnesota, Iowa Stare University Press, Ames, IA, 1988
* *A Photographic History of the University of Arizona 1885-1985* Phyllis Ball. Privately Printed. 1986


title: Trust Indenture Act of 1939

abstract: The Trust Indenture Act of 1939 (TIA), codified at 15 U.S.C. §§ 77aaa–77bbbb, supplements the Securities Act of 1933 in the case of the distribution of debt securities in the United States. Generally speaking, the TIA requires the appointment of a suitably independent and qualified trustee to act for the benefit of the holders of the securities, and specifies various substantive provisions for the trust indenture that must be entered into by the issuer and the trustee. The TIA is administered by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), which has made various regulations under the act.

text:
# Trust Indenture Act of 1939

The **Trust Indenture Act of 1939** (TIA), codified at 15 U.S.C. §§ 77aaa77bbbb, supplements the Securities Act of 1933 in the case of the distribution of debt securities in the United States. Generally speaking, the TIA requires the appointment of a suitably independent and qualified trustee to act for the benefit of the holders of the securities, and specifies various substantive provisions for the trust indenture that must be entered into by the issuer and the trustee. The TIA is administered by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), which has made various regulations under the act.

## History

Section 211 of The Securities Exchange Act of 1934 mandated that the SEC conduct various studies. Although not expressly required to study the trustee system then in use for the issuance of debt securities, William O. Douglas, who would later become a Commissioner and then Chair of the SEC, was convinced by November 1934 that the system needed legislative reform. In June 1936, the Protective Committee Study, headed by Douglas, published its report *Trustees Under Indentures*. It recommended that:

1. trustees of indentures be disqualified where they have or acquire conflicts of interest incompatible with their fiduciary obligations;
2. they be transformed into active trustees with respect to their obligations; and
3. legislation separate from the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 would be more appropriate to govern this matter.

The Trust Indenture Act was subsequently passed and signed into law in August 1939. Its legislative history shows that that Congress intended to address deficiencies prevalent in trust indentures at the time:

* the failure of indentures to require evidence of an obligor’s performance thereunder,
* the lack of disclosure and reporting requirements, and
* the presence of significant obstacles to collective bondholder action.

## Framework

### Regulatory

Subject to certain exceptions, it is unlawful for any person to sell notes, bonds, or debentures in interstate commerce unless the security has been issued under an indenture and qualified under the Act. Trustees appointed under such indentures have specified duties:

* § 314(d) requires certificates and opinions as to the fair value of the collateral being released, but relief in the form of a "no-action letter" is available from the SEC in certain circumstances
* § 313(b) requires specified reports to holders with respect to the release of collateral

Complications as to financial reporting requirements can arise where the indentures are secured by a pledge of stock, in which case Rule 3-16 of Regulation S-X may come into play. Many issuers attempt to mitigate the impact by inserting "collateral cut-back" provisions into their indentures, but the SEC has not endorsed the concept that such a cut-back does not constitute a release of collateral.

### Statutory prohibition of impairment

§ 316(b) provides that "the right of any holder of any indenture security to receive payment of the principal of and interest on such indenture security, on or after the respective due dates expressed in such indenture security, or to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment on or after such respective dates, shall not be impaired or affected without the consent of such holder..." This prohibition is subject to several exceptions:

* the temporary postponement of interest payments under § 316(a)(2)
* an indenture may contain a provision limiting or denying the right of a bondholder to sue if and to the extent that that suit would, under applicable law, result in an adverse effect on a lien securing the bonds.
* an application under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code

This provision saw little litigation prior to 1992. Recent jurisprudence (especially in the Southern District of New York) has expanded its reach, holding that the Act "protects the *ability*, and not merely the formal right, to receive payment in some circumstances," and ruling that impairment includes stripping a company's assets and removing any corporate guarantees. While this may result in more distressed issuers resorting to Chapter 11 to pursue restructuring efforts, other issuers may be prohibited from filing for such reliefby virtue of their reliance on federal funding or otherwiseand thus may be precluded from altering the repayment terms of their bond debt altogether.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

Trust Indenture Act of 1939
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Enacted by | the 76th United States Congress |
| Citations | |
| Public law | Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 76–253 |
| Statutes at Large | 53 Stat. 1149 |
| Codification | |
| Acts amended | Securities Act of 1933 (inserted as Title III) |
| U.S.C. sections created | 15 U.S.C. §§ 77aaa77bbbb |
| Legislative history | |
|  | |
| Major amendments | |
| Act as amended (amendments noted by section) | |


abstract: True Life Blues: The Songs of Bill Monroe is a compilation album of bluegrass music released through Sugar Hill Records on October 15, 1996. It was a tribute to Bill Monroe. In 1997, the album won Todd Phillips the Grammy Award for Best Bluegrass Album, as the producer.

text:
# True Life Blues: The Songs of Bill Monroe

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |

***True Life Blues: The Songs of Bill Monroe*** is a compilation album of bluegrass music released through Sugar Hill Records on October 15, 1996. It was a tribute to Bill Monroe. In 1997, the album won Todd Phillips the Grammy Award for Best Bluegrass Album, as the producer.

## Track listing

1. "Molly and Tenbrooks" – 3:13
2. "True Life Blues" – 2:45
3. "I'm on My Way to the Old Home" – 2:08
4. "Highway of Sorrow" – 2:53
5. "Old Ebenezer Scrooge" – 2:46
6. "Memories of You" – 3:06
7. "Rawhide" – 3:07
8. "Can't You Hear Me Callin'" – 4:07
9. "Letter from My Darling" – 3:32
10. "Sitting Alone in the Moonlight" – 3:16
11. "Big Mon" – 3:01
12. "Get Down on Your Knees and Pray" – 3:12
13. "Used to Be" – 2:03
14. "Scotland" – 3:08
15. "Travelin' This Lonesome Road" – 3:02
16. "Heavy Traffic Ahead Bill Monroe" – 2:25
17. "Little Cabin Home on the Hill" – 3:49

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| True Life Blues: The Songs of Bill Monroe | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Compilation album by Various artists | |
| Released | October 15, 1996 |
| Genre | Bluegrass music |
| Length | 51:33 |
| Label | Sugar Hill |
| Producer | Todd Phillips |


title: True Lies (video game)

abstract: True Lies is a top-view run and gun video game based on the 1994 film True Lies. The game was developed by Beam Software and published by Acclaim Entertainment. Four different versions of the game were released for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System, Sega Genesis, Game Gear, and Game Boy. The home versions and portable versions are drastically different from each other, but have similar play mechanics.

text:
# True Lies (video game)

***True Lies*** is a top-view run and gun video game based on the 1994 film *True Lies*. The game was developed by Beam Software and published by Acclaim Entertainment. Four different versions of the game were released for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System, Sega Genesis, Game Gear, and Game Boy. The home versions and portable versions are drastically different from each other, but have similar play mechanics.

## Gameplay

The player controls Harry Tasker, who is tasked with the duty of foiling the terrorist plot of Salim Abu Aziz. Each stage has a particular series of goals that the player must fulfill before reaching the stage's goal. Harry's abilities include the ability to keep his aim steady at one direction while shooting and a diving shoulder roll move that allows him to avoid enemy fire. The player has a health gauge and a limited number of lives, with power-ups available that restore health. In addition to enemies, there are also civilians that the player must not harm during shoot-outs. If the player kills three civilians in the same stage, he will be forced to restart the current stage at the cost of one life.

Harry starts each stage wielding only a semi-automatic pistol that has unlimited ammo, but must be reloaded after every 15 shots. In each stage, Harry can procure three additional firearms (an Uzi machine gun, a shotgun, and a flamethrower that takes the pistol's spot upon being equipped), as well as hand grenades and anti-personnel mines, which he can switch between at any point. Unlike the pistol, Harry's other weapons have limited ammunition (with a different maximum capacity) and individual ammo for each must be found if Harry runs out.

There are a total of nine stages, which consist of a chateau, a mall, a park, a subway, a dock, a Chinese city, an oil refinery, an overseas highway, and an office building. A password feature is available that allows the player to restart the game at later stages.

Stills from the movie mark the beginning of each level and the end of the game.

## Portable versions

The portable versions of *True Lies* for the Game Boy and Game Gear are a bit simplified compared to the console versions for the Super NES and Sega Genesis. The Game Boy and Game Gear version are almost identical to each other, aside from the addition of colored graphics and the omission of a pause function in the Game Gear version. Although the play mechanics are similar, Harry's shoulder diving roll was removed due to limited controls, although all the weapons, except the flamethrower, are included. Only five stages (the chateau, the mall, the park, the docks, and the office building) are included and the level designs are completely different.

## Reception

*Next Generation* reviewed the SNES version of the game, rating it two stars out of five, stating that "ten entire levels of this get plain monotonous".

In Japan, *Famicom Tsūshin* gave the SNES and Genesis versions each a score of 22 out of 40. *Electronic Gaming Monthly* gave the former console version a score of 7.125 out of 10, saying that the game's controls and graphics are surprisingly solid, and that the somewhat mindless and repetitive gameplay is relieved by the inclusion of secret areas and the variety of weapons. *GamePro* commented that the graphics and music are mediocre, but that "the action gets frantic but never unbearable" and the game serves as an enjoyable throwback to overhead action-adventure games like *Zombies Ate My Neighbors* and *Soldiers of Fortune*. Their review of the Genesis version stated it to be "identical to the recent SNES version". A reviewer for *Next Generation* was also pleased with the Genesis version, remarking that the game is fun to play and true to the film it is based on. He gave it three out of five stars, concluding it to be "not incredibly original or pretty, just surprisingly fun".

*GamePro* commented that the Game Gear version "isn't so much an entertainment vehicle as it is a torture device", citing severe slowdown which brings the game almost to a halt whenever more than two characters are onscreen, extraneous and confusing background details, irritating and repetitive sound effects, and poor controls.

1. Released under the LJN brand name on Nintendo systems.

## InfoBox

| True Lies | |
| --- | --- |
| European Mega Drive cover art | |
| Developer(s) | Beam Software |
| Publisher(s) | Acclaim Entertainment |
| Director(s) | Cameron Brown |
| Composer(s) | Marshall Parker |
| Platform(s) | Game Boy, Game Gear, Genesis, Super NES |
| Release | 1995 |
| Genre(s) | Run and gun |
| Mode(s) | Single-player |


title: Tsi-Tsi-Ki Félix

abstract: Tsi-Tsi-Ki Félix is a nationally known broadcaster, currently leading the daily news and a Sunday political talk show on Entravision. Formerly she was the lead anchor of Telemundo Chicago's WSNS-TV 5 p.m. and 10 p.m. news broadcasts.

text:
# Tsi-Tsi-Ki Félix

**Tsi-Tsi-Ki Félix** is a nationally known broadcaster, currently leading the daily news and a Sunday political talk show on Entravision. Formerly she was the lead anchor of Telemundo Chicago's WSNS-TV 5 p.m. and 10 p.m. news broadcasts.

## Biography

Félix is a native of Michoacán, Mexico and a graduate of DePaul University in Chicago, Illinois.

Félix led Telemundo Chicago’s coverage of the historic 2008 presidential election. She anchored coverage of the political conventions, Election Night, and the Inauguration for the Chicago viewers. Over the course of the country’s 2010 mid-term campaign and election, she conducted wide-ranging interviews with political and civic leaders to reveal how the candidates and the election would potentially impact local Hispanic communities and its citizens.

Félix's anchoring and reporting has been recognized with numerous awards, including the Emmy for her on-camera achievements. She has also served as a local correspondent for Noticiero Telemundo, the national nightly newscast and programs such as "Todobebe," "Hoy," and "Cotorreando".

Félix joined Telemundo Chicago in 2001 as a fill in reporter and anchor for Milenka Peña, a veteran journalist and public figure. The following year she became the station's weather anchor. In addition she provided entertainment and feature reporting for Chicago’s #2 Spanish TV station. In short order, due to the unexpected departure of the news anchors, she was named co-anchor of Telemundo Chicago’s 5 p.m. news and given responsibility for producing and anchoring the morning briefs "Noticiero Telemundo Chicago por la Manaña" that drew record ratings for this time period. She held both these posts until the reporter and community activist Vicente Serrano, then the main anchor, was fired and she was named solo anchor of the 10 p.m. news for Telemundo Chicago.

In 2010 Félix hosted "The Feminine Edge: You Don't Have to be One of the 'Boys' to Succeed" at The Executives' Club of Chicago

She was previously married to Rafael Romo, the former WBBM-TV and WGBO-TV reporter/anchor, who currently works for CNN. He is credited for getting Félix her start in Chicago television news. The two have since divorced.

Prior to joining Telemundo, Félix worked in radio, reading traffic reports early mornings. She began her career in Phoenix, Arizona at the age of 16 and moved on to Chicago radio stations WOJO and WIND where she helped with the production of daily content. Her work in this capacity earned a variety of honors, including the AIR (Achievement in Radio Awards) for Best Spanish News Presentation in Radio.

Félix became the prominent news anchor for Univision Washington, DC on March 3, 2015. She also is the host of Perspectiva Nacional.

## Television programs

* *Abriendo Puertas* (host)
* *Noticiero Telemundo Chicago por la Manaña*
* *Noticero Telemundo Chicago* (anchor, 2007-2012)
* *Hablando Claro* (host, 2010-?)
* *Perspectiva Nacional*

## InfoBox

| Tsi-Tsi-Ki Félix | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1979-02-25) February 25, 1979<br>Michoacán, México |
| Occupation | Broadcaster |


title: Tshwanelo

abstract: Tshwanelo is the fourth studio album by South African hip hop artist Tuks. The album was originally released in 2010 and later re-issued in 2012 because Tshwanelo.

text:
# Tshwanelo

***Tshwanelo*** is the fourth studio album by South African hip hop artist Tuks. The album was originally released in 2010 and later re-issued in 2012 because *Tshwanelo*.

## Album art

The album art for both the original and redistributed *Tshwanelo* differ, notably by spelling. In the original release cover it is written "Tswanelo" instead of "Tshwanelo" while the redistributed version has the allegedly correct spelling. Either way the original version was released officially. The album cover is thought to be quite similar to The Roots' highly acclaimed 2002 release *Phrenology*.

## Awards and nominations

*Tshwanelo* was nominated for Best Rap Album in the 17th Annual South African Music Awards but lost to Amu's *The Principal*. Tuks also received a nomination for Best Hip-Hop Album in the 2011 Metro FM Awards.

## Track listing

1. Lerato La Motswako - 2:03
2. Lefika Fika - 3:15
3. All Right OK - 3:57
4. The Gift - 2:33
5. Asim'Bonanga - 4:38
6. Good Lie - 4:08
7. Brakkie - 3:49
8. Tshwanelo Sunday Session - 3:45
9. Kwana Le Kwana - 3:18
10. Changing World - 4:54
11. Let Me Live Now - 3:30
12. Konokono - 4:04
13. Tshwanelo - 3:50

## InfoBox

| Tshwanelo | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Tuks | |
| Released | 2010 (2010) |
| Recorded | 2009–2010 |
| Genre | Hip hop |
| Label | June/July Productions |
| Producer | Tuks |
| Tuks chronology | |
| *Monopoly*
(2008) ***Tshwanelo***
(2010) *Footprints*
(2012) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Tshwanelo* | |
| 1. "Tshwanelo" 2. "Let Me Live Now" | |
| Alternate album cover | |
|  | |
| Cover from redistributed album in 2012 | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Trygve de Lange

abstract: Trygve de Lange was a Norwegian lawyer and secretary-general of Libertas. He was born in Kristiania, took his examen artium in 1937 and the cand.jur. degree at the University of Oslo in 1941. He edited the periodical Minerva from 1938 to 1939, and was deputy chair of the Norwegian Students' Society in 1940. In 1942 he married Lulla Bagn (1918–2003). After World War II he opened a lawyer's office. When Libertas was founded to promote libertarian ideas after World War 2 in order to counteract the social democratic tendency of the time, de Lange was hired as the first secretary-general. In 1955, de Lange was hired part-time as finance secretary in the Conservative Party by the party's general secretary, Leif Helberg. John Lyng belonged to those who wanted de Lange as general secretary of the Conservative Party, while primarily C.J. Hambro and Alv Kjøs provided for the final break with Libertas around 1960. The beginning of this settlement was Liberta's launch of the program "Will to power", where it was proposed to give young, talented politicians positions in business, so they could get to know business next to his political work. Libertas proposed concrete political programs and alternative state budgets, but was opposed by the Conservatives' central government, which stated that "the independence of the parties is an absolute prerequisite for a clear responsibility in political life." Kjøs believed that Libertas should simply be shut down. Lars Roar Langslet and others in the circle around Minerva criticized market liberalism as such. Libertas was forced to become a pure information organization and refrain from playing in purely political matters, and the Conservatives could more easily cooperate with other bourgeois parties. De Lange had many supporters, some of whom wanted to recruit him to the leadership of the Conservative Party. As de Lange retired in 1976, Libertas faded into a more obscure existence, and it was disbanded and replaced by Liberalt Forskningsinstitutt in 1988. de Lange returned to the lawyer profession, and died in February 1981 in Oslo.

text:
# Trygve de Lange

**Trygve de Lange** (3 September 1918  12 February 1981) was a Norwegian lawyer and secretary-general of Libertas.

He was born in Kristiania, took his examen artium in 1937 and the cand.jur. degree at the University of Oslo in 1941. He edited the periodical *Minerva* from 1938 to 1939, and was deputy chair of the Norwegian Students' Society in 1940. In 1942 he married Lulla Bagn (1918–2003). After World War II he opened a lawyer's office.

When Libertas was founded to promote libertarian ideas after World War 2 in order to counteract the social democratic tendency of the time, de Lange was hired as the first secretary-general.

In 1955, de Lange was hired part-time as finance secretary in the Conservative Party by the party's general secretary, Leif Helberg. John Lyng belonged to those who wanted de Lange as general secretary of the Conservative Party, while primarily C.J. Hambro and Alv Kjøs provided for the final break with Libertas around 1960. The beginning of this settlement was Liberta's launch of the program "Will to power", where it was proposed to give young, talented politicians positions in business, so they could get to know business next to his political work. Libertas proposed concrete political programs and alternative state budgets, but was opposed by the Conservatives' central government, which stated that "the independence of the parties is an absolute prerequisite for a clear responsibility in political life." Kjøs believed that Libertas should simply be shut down. Lars Roar Langslet and others in the circle around Minerva criticized market liberalism as such. Libertas was forced to become a pure information organization and refrain from playing in purely political matters, and the Conservatives could more easily cooperate with other bourgeois parties.

De Lange had many supporters, some of whom wanted to recruit him to the leadership of the Conservative Party. As de Lange retired in 1976, Libertas faded into a more obscure existence, and it was disbanded and replaced by Liberalt Forskningsinstitutt in 1988. de Lange returned to the lawyer profession, and died in February 1981 in Oslo.


title: Trần Tiến Đại

abstract: Trần Tiến Đại is a Vietnamese football manager who is currently the sporting director of V.League 1 club Hanoi Police.

text:
# Trần Tiến Đại

**Trần Tiến Đại** (born 1966) is a Vietnamese football manager who is currently the sporting director of V.League 1 club Hanoi Police.

## Career

As a player, he appeared for Hồ Chí Minh City Police in the reserve team. He played as a defender and midfielder. In 1994, he was forced to retire due to injury.

After his retirement, he worked as a player agent and later as a executive director for several clubs.

## Honours

**Xuan Thanh Saigon Cement**

**Hanoi Police**

## InfoBox

Trần Tiến Đại
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Trần Đái Tiện | | |
| Date of birth | 1966 | | |
| Place of birth | Saigon, South Vietnam | | |
| Height | 1.66 m (5 ft 5 in) | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| ?–1994 | Hồ Chí Minh City Police B |  |  |
| Managerial career | | | |
| 2011 | Sông Lam Nghệ An (Sporting director) | | |
| 2012–2013 | Xuan Thanh Saigon Cement | | |
| 2023– | Hanoi Police (Sporting director) | | |
| 2023 | Hanoi Police (Caretaker) | | |
| 2024 | Hanoi Police (Caretaker) | | |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Trần Thị Xuân

abstract: Trần Thị Xuân is a Vietnamese environmental activist who was sentenced to nine years in prison due to her affiliation with Brotherhood for Democracy, a pro-democracy group in Vietnam.

text:
# Trần Thị Xuân

**Trần Thị Xuân** (born 10 October 1976) is a Vietnamese environmental activist who was sentenced to nine years in prison due to her affiliation with Brotherhood for Democracy, a pro-democracy group in Vietnam.

## Personal life

Xuân was born into a Catholic family in Thạch Kim commune, Lộc Hà district, Hà Tĩnh province, the youngest of eight children. She grew up in poverty and did not graduate high school, and worked for a time as a cleaner in Ho Chi Minh City before returning to Hà Tĩnh to care for her siblings' children. She took part in local humanitarian activities through the Catholic church, including collecting waste to be recycled, donating money to the poor and elderly, and providing assistance to victims of natural disasters.

## Activism

Xuân first became known as an activist in 2016 when she became a vocal supporter for the rights of fisherman who had lost their livelihoods following the 2016 Vietnam marine life disaster in which Formosa Ha Tinh Steel, a local steel plant, illegally discharged toxic waste into the ocean. This caused an ecological disaster across Vietnam's central coast, including in her home province of Hà Tĩnh. She participated in protests against the plant's owner Formosa Plastics in Lộc Hà, and publicly called for compensation for victims.

In May 2016, Xuân joined Brotherhood for Democracy, a pro-democracy group founded in April 2013 by Nguyễn Văn Đài and other human rights activists. The Vietnamese police's newspaper, *Công an nhân dân*, subsequently accused Xuân of using her personal Facebook account to share articles, photos and videos "with contents that oppose the Party and the State".

## Arrest, trial and imprisonment

On 17 October 2017, provincial police in Hà Tĩnh arrested Xuân as she travelled to church, and charged her with "carrying out activities that aim to overthrow the people's administration" under article 79 of Vietnam's penal code. *Hà Tĩnh*, a provincial newspaper, reported that Xuân had been a member of Brotherhood for Democracy, which it described as "a reactionary organisation aimed at overthrowing the people's government", and that she had received 170 million VND from terrorist organisations abroad to incite protests within Vietnam.

Four days after her arrest, on 21 October, an estimated three to four thousand people gathered in Thạch Kim commune in Hà Tĩnh calling for her immediate release.

In November 2017, state-run television in Hà Tĩnh broadcast a video of Xuân admitting her guilt and calling on young people not to listen to "reactionary groups" such as Brotherhood for Democracy. She was held at Hà Tĩnh province police detention centre in pre-trial detention.

On 11 April 2018, Xuân's trial took place over one day at the People's Court of Hà Tĩnh Province, culminating in her receiving a nine-year prison sentence, to be followed by five years on probation. Her trial had not been previously announced, meaning her family could not attend; this also resulted in Xuân not having legal representation at the hearing. Xuân's trial occurred the day after a fellow Brotherhood for Democracy activist and the organisation's deputy leader, Nguyễn Văn Tuc, was sentenced to 13 years imprisonment. Xuân is serving her sentence at Prison No. 5 in Thanh Hóa province.

## Response

In May 2018, the Văn Hạnh Deanery within the Roman Catholic Diocese of Vinh published a complaint and a petition requesting that her case be reopened by authorities, citing that she had not been granted access to a defence lawyer during her trial, in breach of the criminal procedure code which stated that any defendant accused of a crime that could be punished with the death penalty be granted access to a defence lawyer. They also questioned whether Xuân's arrest was linked to her support of victims of the Formosa ecological disaster.

In June 2018, the Human Rights Foundation submitted an individual complaint to the United Nations Working Group on Arbitrary Detention concerning Xuân and requesting that a formal investigation into her arrest, pre-trial detention, trial and conviction. In May 2019, the group found that Xuân was being arbitrarily detained and called for her immediate release.

Following Xuân's sentencing, Front Line Defenders called on the Vietnamese authorities to quash the sentence against her and other members of Brotherhood for Democracy, and stated that the accusations were "solely intended" to stop peaceful activism.

In November 2021, the UN special rapporteurs sent the Vietnamese government a Joint Allegation Letter raising concerns about the sentences received by several activists, including Xuân, and calling for their immediate releases.

In June 2022, Xuân's family reported that she was suffering from severe gout and receiving inadequate healthcare in prison. They had previously raised concerns in 2020 that she was suffering from coronary occlusion, which eventually led to authorities permitting her treatment at a local hospital; and that improper treatment for kidney disease had led to her experiencing fluid retention in 2021.


title: Tsukasa Fushimi

abstract: .mw-parser-output.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output.infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output.infobox.navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva.mw-parser-output.infobox-header,body.skin-minerva.mw-parser-output.infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva.mw-parser-output.infobox-above,body.skin-minerva.mw-parser-output.infobox-title,body.skin-minerva.mw-parser-output.infobox-image,body.skin-minerva.mw-parser-output.infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva.mw-parser-output.infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night.mw-parser-output.infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os.mw-parser-output.infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive.mw-parser-output.infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive.mw-parser-output.infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive.mw-parser-output.infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive.mw-parser-output.infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive.mw-parser-output.infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive.mw-parser-output.infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}} Tsukasa Fushimi is a Japanese author of light novels. He made his debut in 2006 with the novel series Jūsanbanme no Alice. This was followed in 2008 by his well-known novel series Oreimo, which spawned a media franchise encompassing multiple manga, anime, and video game adaptations. In 2013, Fushimi began writing his novel series Eromanga Sensei which ended in 2022.

text:
# Tsukasa Fushimi

**Tsukasa Fushimi** (伏見 つかさ, *Fushimi Tsukasa*, born 1981) is a Japanese author of light novels. He made his debut in 2006 with the novel series *Jūsanbanme no Alice*. This was followed in 2008 by his well-known novel series *Oreimo*, which spawned a media franchise encompassing multiple manga, anime, and video game adaptations. In 2013, Fushimi began writing his novel series *Eromanga Sensei* which ended in 2022.

## Career

Originally from Chiba, Tsukasa Fushimi entered the first volume of *Jūsanbanme no Alice* into the 12th Dengeki Novel Prize in 2005. While the work did not win a prize, it survived through the third selection process and was ultimately published by ASCII Media Works under their Dengeki Bunko imprint in 2006 as Fushimi's debut work. Following the end of *Jūsanbanme no Alice* with volume four in 2007, Fushimi began writing the first novel of *Oreimo*, published in 2008. Fushimi would go on to write 12 volumes in total of *Oreimo*, ending in 2013. Over the course of the series, *Oreimo* spawned a media franchise encompassing multiple manga, anime and video game adaptations. Fushimi began his next novel series *Eromanga Sensei* in 2013.

## Writing style

His debut work, *Jūsanbanme no Alice*, despite depicting a violent conflict between two of the female leads, Fushimi's editor Kazuma Miki has said that he enjoys the everyday comedy found within Fushimi's work, and how amusing the male characters within his work interact with one another. According to Miki, Fushimi is a writer who initially keeps backstory and setting to a minimum, and only after receiving feedback from his editors and readers does he integrate it into his work.

Fushimi has stated that he prefers tall female characters, and that the height of the characters in his writings is a reflection of this. In particular, Fushimi cites Saori Makishima, a 180 centimeters tall junior high school girl character in *Oreimo*, as his favorite character. Fushimi states, however, that he does not give preferential treatment to characters based on his personal tastes. For example, he revealed that he intentionally depicted the central heroine of *Oreimo*, Kirino Kōsaka, as a detestable person.

Fushimi has also stated that Kirino is a character he dislikes but needs to be there to "pull the story along", and he also revealed his personal theory that the critical evaluation of characters from readers also reveals how well they made an impression. When analyzing reader surveys, Fushimi says that he judges the popularity of certain characters by counting negative reviews as half as much as a positive review, and explains that characters with different likes and dislikes can be turned into favorable results if handled well.

In *Oreimo*, the story is focused on the relationship between a brother and a sister, and within the work, the main character repeatedly complains about the hardships of having a sister and hopes that the reader would agree with him. However, Fushimi says that he himself does not have a sister and that this aspect of the character was purely drawn from his imagination.

## Works

Light novels * ASCII Media Works
    + *Jūsanbanme no Alice* (十三番目のアリス, illustrations by Sikorsky) (2006–2007, 4 volumes)
    + *Oreimo* (俺の妹がこんなに可愛いわけがない, *Ore no Imōto ga Konna ni Kawaii Wake ga Nai*, illustrations by Hiro Kanzaki) (2008–2013, 2019–2021, 17 volumes)
    + *Neko Sis* (ねこシス, illustrations by Hiro Kanzaki) (2009, 1 volume)
    + *Eromanga Sensei* (エロマンガ先生, illustrations by Hiro Kanzaki) (2013–2022, 13 volumes)
    + *Watashi no Hatsukoi wa Hazukashisugite Dare ni mo Ienai* (私の初恋は恥ずかしすぎて誰にも言えない, illustrations by Hiro Kanzaki) (2024–present)
* Visual Art's / Paradigm
    + *Meitantei Shikkaku na Kanojo* (名探偵失格な彼女, illustrations by Eran Hasumi) (2008, 1 volume)
* Square Enix
    + *Chūnibyō de Go!!* (中二病でGO!!) (2009, co-authored short story anthology)
* Ichijinsha
    + *School Heart's Tsuki to Hanabi to Yakusoku to* (School Heart's 月と花火と約束と) (2008, co-authored short story anthology)

Visual novels * *Meitantei Shikkaku na Kanojo* (名探偵失格な彼女) by Issue (Visual Art's) (2009)

Video game

## InfoBox

| Tsukasa Fushimi | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1981 (age 4243)<br>Japan |
| Pen name | Tsukasa Fushimi (伏見 つかさ, *Fushimi Tsukasa*) |
| Occupation | Author |
| Nationality | Japanese |
| Notable works |  |
| Website | |
| fusi.blog10.fc2.com | |


title: Tuen Mun Town Centre (constituency)

abstract: Tuen Mun Town Centre is one of the 31 constituencies in the Tuen Mun District. Created for the 1994 District Board elections, the constituency returns one district councillor to the Tuen Mun District Council, with an election every four years. Tuen Mun Town Centre loosely covers areas surrounding Tuen Mun Town Plaza in Tuen Mun with an estimated population of 20,442.

text:
# Tuen Mun Town Centre (constituency)

**Tuen Mun Town Centre** (Chinese: 屯門市中心) is one of the 31 constituencies in the Tuen Mun District.

Created for the 1994 District Board elections, the constituency returns one district councillor to the Tuen Mun District Council, with an election every four years.

Tuen Mun Town Centre loosely covers areas surrounding Tuen Mun Town Plaza in Tuen Mun with an estimated population of 20,442.

## Councillors represented

| Election | | Member | Party |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 1994 | Au Chi-yuen | Independent |
|  | 2019 | Alfred Lai Chun-wing→Vacant | Democratic |
|

## Election results

### 2010s

Tuen Mun District Council Election, 2019: Tuen Mun Town Centre
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Democratic | Alfred Lai Chun-wing | 4,161 | 63.19 | +27.72 |
|  | Nonpartisan | Au Chi-yuen | 2,424 | 36.81 | −27.72 |
| Majority | | | 1,737 | 26.38 |  |
| Turnout | | | 6,617 | 73.06 |  |
|  | Democratic **gain** from Nonpartisan | | Swing |  |  |

Tuen Mun District Council Election, 2015: Tuen Mun Town Centre
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Independent | Au Chi-yuen | 1,517 | 64.53 | +23.94 |
|  | Democratic | Chiu Kam-moon | 834 | 35.47 | +8.78 |
| Majority | | | 683 | 29.06 |  |
| Turnout | | | 2,351 | 29.96 |  |
|  | Independent **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

Tuen Mun District Council Election, 2011: Tuen Mun Town Centre
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Independent | Au Chi-yuen | 899 | 40.61 | −15.36 |
|  | Democratic | Chan Ka-kin | 590 | 26.65 | −3.30 |
|  | NPP | Philip Yeung Man-tat | 458 | 20.69 |  |
|  | Independent | Lau Ka-lun | 267 | 12.06 |  |
| Majority | | | 309 | 13.96 |  |
| Turnout | | | 2,214 | 29.81 |  |
|  | Independent **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

### 2000s

Tuen Mun District Council Election, 2007: Tuen Mun Town Centre
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Independent | Au Chi-yuen | 1,093 | 55.97 |  |
|  | Democratic | Ma Kee | 585 | 29.95 |  |
|  | Independent | Kwan Chi-wah | 200 | 10.24 |  |
|  | Independent | Alan Wong Shing | 75 | 3.84 |  |
| Majority | | | 1,318 | 26.02 |  |
|  | Independent **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

Tuen Mun District Council Election, 2003: Tuen Mun Town Centre
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Independent | Au Chi-yuen | *uncontested* |  |  |
|  | Independent **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

### 1990s

Tuen Mun District Council Election, 1999: Tuen Mun Town Centre
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Independent | Au Chi-yuen | 1,354 | 66.77 | +15.77 |
|  | Independent | Lam Ping-hung | 674 | 33.23 |  |
| Majority | | | 111 | 33.54 |  |
|  | Independent **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

Tuen Mun District Board Election, 1994: Tuen Mun Town Centre
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Independent | Au Chi-yuen | 792 | 51.00 |  |
|  | Independent | Yuen Wai-chung | 681 | 43.85 |  |
|  | Liberal | To Kai-chiu | 80 | 5.15 |  |
| Majority | | | 111 | 7.15 |  |
|  | Independent **win** (new seat) | | | | |

## InfoBox

| Tuen Mun Town Centre | |
| --- | --- |
| 屯門市中心 | |
| Elected constituency<br>for the Tuen Mun District Council | |
| Boundary of Tuen Mun Town Centrein Tuen Mun District | |
| District | Tuen Mun |
| Legislative Council constituency | New Territories North West |
| Population | 20,442 (2019) |
| Electorate | 9,058 (2019) |
| Current constituency | |
| Created | 1994 |
| Number of members | One |
| Member(s) | *Vacant* |


title: Tufi Airport

abstract: Tufi Airport is an airport in Tufi, Papua New Guinea built in the 1960s by the Australian Army. It consists of a single 920 by 30 meters unpaved runway along a 059-239 degree axis. There is no control tower and refueling is not available. Air Niugini flights are typically scheduled on Monday (POM-PNP-TFI-POM) and Friday (POM-TFI-PNP-POM). Tropic Air also schedules irregular cargo and passenger charter flights.

text:
# Tufi Airport

**Tufi Airport** is an airport in Tufi, Papua New Guinea built in the 1960s by the Australian Army. It consists of a single 920 by 30 meters (3,018 ft × 98 ft) unpaved runway along a 059-239 degree axis. There is no control tower and refueling is not available. Air Niugini flights are typically scheduled on Monday (POM-PNP-TFI-POM) and Friday (POM-TFI-PNP-POM). Tropic Air also schedules irregular cargo and passenger charter flights.

## Airlines and destinations

| Airlines | Destinations |
| --- | --- |
| Air Niugini | Port Moresby |
| PNG Air | Popondetta, Rabaul |

## InfoBox

| Tufi Airport | |
| --- | --- |
| Tufi Airstrip, looking North. | |
|  | |
| Summary | |
| Serves | Tufi, Papua New Guinea |
| Location | Tufi, Papua New Guinea |
| Elevation AMSL | 125 ft / 38.1 m |
| Coordinates | 09°04′33″S 149°19′12″E / 9.07583°S 149.32000°E / -9.07583; 149.32000 |
| Map | |
| TFILocation of airport in Papua New Guinea | |
| Runways | |
| Direction Length Surface  ft m  239 3,018 920 Unpaved | |
| Uncontrolled aerodrome. No tower or operations center, no lighting, no ILS, no refueling. Day VFR only. | |


title: Tukiya Kankasa-Mabula

abstract: Tukiya Kankasa-Mabula, sometimes Tukiya Kankasa Mabula, is a Zambian lawyer, educator, administrator and gender issues advocate. She served as the deputy governor, administration at the Bank of Zambia (BoZ), till 15 December 2019. She was replaced by Rhekha Mhango, the former head of the Human Resource Department at the central bank, the country's central bank and national banking regulator. She was appointed to that position in 2007, by Levy Mwanawasa, the president of Zambia at that time, replacing Felix Mfula, who retired.

text:
# Tukiya Kankasa-Mabula

**Tukiya Kankasa-Mabula**, sometimes **Tukiya Kankasa Mabula**, is a Zambian lawyer, educator, administrator and gender issues advocate. She served as the deputy governor, administration at the Bank of Zambia (BoZ), till 15 December 2019. She was replaced by Rhekha Mhango, the former head of the Human Resource Department at the central bank, the country's central bank and national banking regulator. She was appointed to that position in 2007, by Levy Mwanawasa, the president of Zambia at that time, replacing Felix Mfula, who retired.

## History

Kankasa-Mabula is a native of Zambia. Following her education in Lusaka, Cambridge, Massachusetts and London, she returned to her alma mater, the University of Zambia, Faculty of Law, where she taught commercial law. For a period of time, she worked as director of licensing and enforcement at the Zambian Securities and Exchange Commission. In 1998, she joined the Bank of Zambia, as the bank's secretary and chief legal advisor. She served in that capacity for nine years, before being appointed to her current position.

## Overview

Kankasa-Mabula is a respected attorney, educator, administrator, businesswoman and gender issues advocate. In March 2014, she was a panellist on a televised discussion among the 100 most influential women in Zambia. The discussion was featured on CNBC's Africa Service on Monday, 31 March 2014.

In April 2014, she was selected as the recipient of the International Bar Association's 2014 Outstanding International Woman Lawyer Award. The award was given "in recognition of professional excellence, influencing other women to pursue careers in law, and advancing opportunities for women within the legal profession". The IBA Outstanding International Woman Lawyer Award is given every other year and is sponsored by LexisNexis. It includes a donation of US$5,000 to a charity of the winner's choice. The 2014 award presentation ceremony took place during the IBA 6th World Women Lawyers’ Conference, held from 8 to 9 May 2014 in Paris, France.

## Education

She holds the degree of Bachelor of Laws obtained from the University of Zambia, in Lusaka. She also holds the degree of Master of Laws obtained from Harvard University, in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. Her Doctor of Philosophy in law was obtained from the University of London, in the United Kingdom.

## Other responsibilities

Kankasa-Mabula is the current vice chairperson of the Council of the University of Zambia. She also serves as the chairperson of the Legal Steering Committee of the Committee of Central Bank Governors (CCBG) in Southern African Development Community (SADC).

## Photos

## InfoBox

| Tukiya Kankasa-Mabula | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Zambia |
| Nationality | Zambian |
| Citizenship | Zambia |
| Education | **Bachelor of Laws (LLB)**
University of Zambia
Lusaka, Zambia
**Master of Laws (LLM)**
Harvard University
Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
**Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)**
University of London
London, United Kingdom |
| Occupation(s) | Deputy Governor, Administration
Bank of Zambia |
| Years active | 1988 — present |
| Known for | Administration, Gender Issues Advocacy |
| Title | Deputy Governor, Administration |


title: Tungstate

abstract: In chemistry, a tungstate is a compound that contains an oxyanion of tungsten or is a mixed oxide containing tungsten. The simplest tungstate ion is WO2−4, "orthotungstate". Many other tungstates belong to a large group of polyatomic ions that are termed polyoxometalates, ("POMs"), and specifically termed isopolyoxometalates as they contain, along with oxygen and maybe hydrogen, only one other element. Almost all useful tungsten ores are tungstates.

text:
# Tungstate

In chemistry, a **tungstate** is a compound that contains an oxyanion of tungsten or is a mixed oxide containing tungsten. The simplest tungstate ion is WO2−4, "orthotungstate". Many other tungstates belong to a large group of polyatomic ions that are termed polyoxometalates, ("POMs"), and specifically termed isopolyoxometalates as they contain, along with oxygen and maybe hydrogen, only one other element. Almost all useful tungsten ores are tungstates.

## Structures

Orthotungstates feature tetrahedral W(VI) centres with short W–O distances of 1.79 . Structurally, they resemble sulfates. Six-coordinate, octahedral tungsten dominates in the polyoxotungstates. In these compounds, the W–O distances are elongated.

Some examples of tungstate ions:

* HWO4 (hydrogentungstate)
* polymeric W2O2−7 ions of various structures in Na2W2O7, Li2W2O7 and Ag2W2O7
* \[W7O24\]6− (paratungstate A)
* \[W10O32\]4− (tungstate Y)
* \[H2W12O42\]10− (paratungstate B)
* α-\[H2W12O40\]6− (metatungstate)
* β-\[H2W12O40\]6− (tungstate X)

See the tungstates category for a list of tungstates.

## Occurrence

Tungstates occur naturally with molybdates. Scheelite, the mineral calcium tungstate, often contains a small amount of molybdate. Wolframite is manganese and iron tungstate, and all these are valuable sources of tungsten. Powellite is a mineral form of calcium molybdate containing a small amount of tungstate.

## Reactions

Solutions of tungstates, like those of molybdates, give intensely blue solutions of complex tungstate(V,VI) analogous to the molybdenum blues when reduced by most organic materials.

Unlike chromate, tungstate is not a good oxidizer, but like chromate, solutions of tungstate condense to give the isopolytungstates upon acidification.


title: Tshuapa

abstract: Tshuapa is one of the 21 provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo created in the 2015 repartitioning. Tshuapa, Équateur, Mongala, Nord-Ubangi, and Sud-Ubangi provinces are the result of the dismemberment of the former Équateur province. Tshuapa was formed from the Tshuapa District whose town of Boende was elevated to capital city of the new province.

text:
# Tshuapa

**Tshuapa** is one of the 21 provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo created in the 2015 repartitioning. Tshuapa, Équateur, Mongala, Nord-Ubangi, and Sud-Ubangi provinces are the result of the dismemberment of the former Équateur province. Tshuapa was formed from the Tshuapa District whose town of Boende was elevated to capital city of the new province.

## Location

The province is named for the Tshuapa River. It is situated in the north-west of the country, on the Congo River.

## History

1926.01.28 as Apostolic Prefecture of Coquilhatville / de Coquilhatville (Latin). Having gained territory from the same Apostolic Vicariate of Nouvelle-Anvers); it became the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mbandaka-Bikoro.

## Administrative areas

Territorial components are:

## Notable residents

## InfoBox

| Tshuapa Province de la Tshuapa (French) | |
| --- | --- |
| Province | |
| Salonga National Park | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Coordinates: 00°44′S 19°12′E / 0.733°S 19.200°E / -0.733; 19.200 | |
| Country | DR Congo |
| Established | 2015 |
| Named for | Tshuapa River |
| Capital | Boende |
| Government | |
| Governor | Armand Yambe |
| Area | |
| Total | 132,940 km2 (51,330 sq mi) |
| Population (2020 est.) | |
| Total | 1,944,500 |
| Density | 15/km2 (38/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (WAT) |
| License Plate Code | CGO / **26** |
| Official language | French |
| National language | Lingala |
| Website | https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100064006181735 |


title: Tully Gorge National Park

abstract: Tully Gorge is a national park in Queensland, Australia, 1,338 km northwest of Brisbane. The park forms part of the Wooroonooran Important Bird Area, identified as such by BirdLife International because it supports populations of a range of bird species endemic to Queensland's Wet Tropics.

text:
# Tully Gorge National Park

**Tully Gorge** is a national park in Queensland, Australia, 1,338 km northwest of Brisbane. The park forms part of the Wooroonooran Important Bird Area, identified as such by BirdLife International because it supports populations of a range of bird species endemic to Queensland's Wet Tropics.

## Waterfalls

Follow Tully Falls Road to the Tully Gorge Lookout. Tully Falls only run in the wet season, but the walls of rock and rainforest which plunge 300 m (984 feet) down to the Tully River are still an awe-inspiring sight. An 800 m track takes walkers to the Tully River above the falls. Tully Falls Road begins on the outskirts of Ravenshoe at the junction of the Mount Garnet Road. The Tully Gorge National Park turnoff is 24 km down the road. A 1 km gravel road leads to a carpark and viewing platform.

## InfoBox

| Tully Gorge National Park
Queensland | |
| --- | --- |
| IUCN category II (national park) | |
|  | |
| Tully Gorge National Park | |
| Coordinates | 17°35′30″S 145°34′5″E / 17.59167°S 145.56806°E / -17.59167; 145.56806 |
| Established | 1923 |
| Area | 543 km2 (210 sq mi) |
| Managing authorities | Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service |
| See also | Protected areas of Queensland |


title: Tumulofilum

abstract: Tumulofilum is a genus of green algae in the family Chaetophoraceae.

text:
# Tumulofilum

***Tumulofilum*** is a genus of green algae in the family Chaetophoraceae.

## InfoBox

| *Tumulofilum* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| *Clade*: | Viridiplantae |
| Division: | Chlorophyta |
| Class: | Chlorophyceae |
| Order: | Chaetophorales |
| Family: | Chaetophoraceae |
| Genus: | *Tumulofilum*
H. Berger, 1941 |
|
| Type species | |
| *Tumulofilum terrestre*
 | |
| Species | |
|  | |


title: Turkayamjal

abstract: Turkayamjal is a Municipality in Abdullapurmet mandal, Rangareddy district in Telangana, India. Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Hyderabad is located in Turkayamjal.

text:
# Turkayamjal

**Turkayamjal** is a Municipality in Abdullapurmet mandal, Rangareddy district in Telangana, India. Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Hyderabad is located in Turkayamjal.

## InfoBox

| Turkayamjal | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Country | India |
| State | Telangana |
| Languages | |
| Official | Telugu |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| Telephone code | 08415 |
| Vehicle registration | TS-07 XX XXXX |
| Sex ratio | 1:1(approx) / |
| Website | telangana.gov.in |


title: Tumor-associated endothelial cell

abstract: Tumor-associated endothelial cells or tumor endothelial cells (TECs) refers to cells lining the tumor-associated blood vessels that control the passage of nutrients into surrounding tumor tissue. Across different cancer types, tumor-associated blood vessels have been discovered to differ significantly from normal blood vessels in morphology, gene expression, and functionality in ways that promote cancer progression. There has been notable interest in developing cancer therapeutics that capitalize on these abnormalities of the tumor-associated endothelium to destroy tumors.

text:
# Tumor-associated endothelial cell

**Tumor-associated endothelial cells** or **tumor endothelial cells** (TECs) refers to cells lining the tumor-associated blood vessels that control the passage of nutrients into surrounding tumor tissue. Across different cancer types, tumor-associated blood vessels have been discovered to differ significantly from normal blood vessels in morphology, gene expression, and functionality in ways that promote cancer progression. There has been notable interest in developing cancer therapeutics that capitalize on these abnormalities of the tumor-associated endothelium to destroy tumors.

## Abnormal morphology

Tumor endothelial cells (TECs) have been documented to demonstrate abnormal morphological characteristics such as ragged margins and irregular cytoplasmic projections. In normal blood vessels, it is known that endothelial cells form regular monolayers with tight junctions without overlap, but TECs create disorganized and loosely connected monolayers, often branching and extending across the lumen to overlap with their neighbors. In addition to this, TECs are showing distinct molecular signature which clearly separates them from physiological endothelial cells. The tumor endothelium is often described as mosaic due to its aberrant expression of traditional endothelial cell markers (CD31 and CD105), supporting the existence of irregular gaps between endothelial cells. At a more macro level, beyond the observation of small intercellular openings between nearby TECs, larger gaps in the walls of tumor blood vessels have been described.

### Causes of abnormalities

Many tumors are characterized by high expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which is a strong vasodilator. VEGF has been indicated to stimulate sprouting and tip branching in endothelial cells, leading to defective endothelial monolayers. Research supports that compression of tumor vessels by surrounding tumor cells results in mechanical tension and changes in blood flow. It has been suggested that these flow-mediated changes cause abnormal expression of transcription factors which promotes aberrant endothelial morphology, size, and differentiation.

Smaller capillaries are often surrounded by supporting pericytes which help with vessel stability. Loss of pericyte growth factor (PDGFB) and its receptor on endothelial cells are molecular-level changes that can account for this abnormal loss in pericyte support. Lower quantity of pericytes surrounding the tumor-associated endothelium has been associated with blood vessel instability and leakiness.

## Abnormal function

### Blood vessel leakiness

Where these branched tumor-associated endothelial cells form small gaps in the blood vessel wall, erythrocytes often pool and form blood lakes. These cellular openings contribute to tumor vessel "leakiness", potentially allowing the entry and delivery of therapeutic agents to tumor sites. For many tumors, it has been discovered associated endothelial cells have significantly increased permeability.

### Enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect

The increased permeability of tumor-associated endothelial cells permits macromolecules to leave the blood system and directly enter the tumor interstitial space. There is also a retention effect that allows these macromolecules to stay at tumor sites due to the suppression of lymphatic infiltration. This observation has been termed the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect and has been exploited for cancer nano-therapeutics. Unfortunately the effectiveness of this mechanism for drug nano-carriers remains inconsistent due to the heterogeneity of this EPR effect within and amongst different tumors. Tumor type, size, and location affect the nature of the surrounding vasculature and stroma and contribute to this heterogeneity in EPR effect.

## Roles in tumor progression

### Angiogenesis

The idea of tumors promoting angiogenesis, or the process of forming new blood vessels, has been around since the discovery of VEGF in 1989. The branching patterning of tumor-associated endothelial cells has been implicated in the initiation of angiogenesis. Dr. Judah Folkman played an important role in studying the role of angiogenesis in promoting tumor growth. He identified tumor's response to hypoxia as a leading contributor to angiogenesis and cancer growth.

Angiogenesis was originally introduced as a Hallmark of Cancer based on assumptions that the underlying processes were similar amongst different tumor types. However, there are now multiple studies that illustrate the complexity behind these previous simple conceptions of angiogenesis, indicating that the way cancer cells interact with and co-opt new blood vessel growth varies amongst cancer types and must be studied. This must be studied in order to improve clinical design strategy and select for patients with tumors that are more likely to benefit from anti-angiogenic drugs.

#### Angiogenesis inhibitors

Various angiogenesis inhibitors have been developed to interfere with different steps in the process. Bevacizumab (Avastin) is a monoclonal antibody that binds to VEGF, preventing the stimulation of the VEGF receptor. Sorafenib and sutinib are additional angiogenesis inhibitors that bind and block receptors on endothelial cells that have important roles in downstream pathways contributing to angiogenesis progression. An extensive amount of other compounds targeted towards halting angiogenesis are either currently in preclinical development, undergoing clinical trials, or in the process of getting approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration.

### Immune suppression

Immune therapies depend heavily on the abilities of effector lymphocytes to infiltrate tumors, and the tumor endothelium is a known crucial regulator of T-cell trafficking. The tumor-associated endothelium has been found to be able to function as an immune barrier to T-cells, inhibiting the effectiveness of immune therapies. These tumor-associated endothelial cells have been found to over-express the endothelin B receptor, which suppresses T-cell adhesion and targeting to tumors upon activation by ET-1.

### Metastasis

The vasculature can promote metastasis by capturing cancer cells at their primary sites and providing for their delivery to secondary organs. These tumor-associated endothelial cells can also release factors and supply nutrients that promote the growth of the primary tumor mass and its aggressive spread. Additionally, angiogenesis is intimately linked to metastasis, as delivery of nutrients and oxygen through blood vessels is required for invasive tumor growth and spread.

## Further reading


title: Tunjur people

abstract: The Tunjur people are a Sunni Muslim ethnic group living in eastern Chad and western Sudan. In the 21st century, their numbers have been estimated at 175,000 people.

text:
# Tunjur people

The **Tunjur** (or **Tungur**) people are a Sunni Muslim ethnic group living in eastern Chad and western Sudan. In the 21st century, their numbers have been estimated at 175,000 people.

## History

Based on linguistic and archaeological evidence, the ethnic ancestry of the Tunjur people has been argued by contemporary archaeologist Claude Rilly to go back to Christian Nubia. Thus, Rilly claims that the name Tunjur goes back to the town of Dongola (Tungul or Old Dongola, where the Tungur name is derived from Tungul, the old name of Dongola) in Nubia. According to their own oral traditions and other scholars, they are of Arab descent, whose ancestors migrated from the Arabian Peninsula to central Sudan either by way of North Africa and Tunis or by way of Nubia. Thus, the 19th century German explorer Gustav Nachtigal claimed they resemble Arabs in features and behaviour, but this impression has been refuted by modern scholars.

Although a minority, the Tunjur became the ruling class of Darfur and Wadai in the 13th century by peacefully taking power from the Daju. In the 16th century, they were overthrown by an Arab group that founded the Keira dynasty, and later merged with the Fur people. According to the local legends of the Fur people, Shau Dorshid, the last ruler of the Tunjur, was “driven out by his own people because he compelled his subjects to dig wells in the high rocky regions and to undertake the ardeous and useless task of levelling the Mail mountain peak, on the summit of which he wanted to establish his residence." His capital was at the site of Ain Farah, where specimens of Christian iconography were found.

Around the middle of the 17th century, the Tunjur people were expelled from the Islamic Wadai empire by Abd-el-Kerim of the Bargo people, and the Bargo controlled the slave supply caravans to the north. The Tunjur then migrated west to their current location. Thereafter, they converted to Maliki fiqh of Sunni Islam.

## Society

The Tunjur are farmers and live closely associated with the Fur. Their own Tunjur language has become extinct, they now speak Chadian Arabic, Fur, or Bari as their first language.

## Contemporary issues

Following the Darfur conflict in February 2003, like the Fur and the Zaghawa, many Tunjur have been affected by fighting and persecution. A number of Tunjur have taken part in the fight against the Sudanese government under the banners of the Sudan Liberation Movement (SLM).

Bibliography


title: Tunjuelito

abstract: Tunjuelito is the 6th locality of the Capital District of the Colombian capital, Bogotá. Tunjuelito is located in the south of Bogotá, bordering to the north with the localities of Bosa, Kennedy and Puente Aranda, to the east with the localities of Rafael Uribe Uribe and Usme, to the south with Usme and to the west with Ciudad Bolívar. This district is mostly inhabited by working and lower class residents.

text:
# Tunjuelito

**Tunjuelito** is the 6th locality of the Capital District of the Colombian capital, Bogotá. Tunjuelito is located in the south of Bogotá, bordering to the north with the localities of Bosa, Kennedy and Puente Aranda, to the east with the localities of Rafael Uribe Uribe and Usme, to the south with Usme and to the west with Ciudad Bolívar. This district is mostly inhabited by working and lower class residents.

## Etymology

The locality is named Tunjuelito as a diminutive form of *tunjo*, the votive figures of the indigenous Muisca.

## Points of interest

The locality hosts Parque El Tunal and the Biblioteca El Tunal, part of Biblored's network of libraries.

## Neighborhoods

Tunjuelito, El Tunal, San Benito, San Vicente Ferrer, Fátima, El Carmen, San Carlos, Muzú, Venecia, Isla del Sol and La Sevillana.

## Transportation

The main entrance to Tunjuelito is through the Avenida Caracas and the Avenida Ciudad de Villavicencio, which is also served by a TransMilenio route, with a station named Portal del Tunal (Line H), also receiving subroutes from the Calle 40 Sur Station and Portal del Tunal. Apart from the TransMilenio, other transportation companies cover the route Autopista Sur, Diagonal 44 Sur, Carrera 24 and the Avenida Jorge Gaitán Cortés.

## InfoBox

| Tunjuelito | |
| --- | --- |
| Locality of Bogotá | |
|  | |
| Location of the locality in the city of Bogotá | |
| Location of the locality in the Capital District of Bogotá | |
| Coordinates: 4°34′56″N 74°07′55″W / 4.58222°N 74.13194°W / 4.58222; -74.13194 | |
| Country | Colombia |
| City | Bogotá D.C. |
| Neighbourhoods | List |
| Area | |
| Total | 9.91 km2 (3.83 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 2,600 m (8,500 ft) |
| Population (2007) | |
| Total | 182,532 |
| Density | 18,000/km2 (48,000/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Colombia Standard Time) |
| Website | Official website |


title: Turn Every Page

abstract: Turn Every Page: The Adventures of Robert Caro and Robert Gottlieb is a 2022 documentary film by Lizzie Gottlieb about the relationship between biographer Robert Caro and his editor, her father Robert Gottlieb.

text:
# Turn Every Page

***Turn Every Page: The Adventures of Robert Caro and Robert Gottlieb*** is a 2022 documentary film by Lizzie Gottlieb about the relationship between biographer Robert Caro and his editor, her father Robert Gottlieb.

## Synopsis

The film focuses on biographer Robert Caro and his editor, the documentarian's father Robert Gottlieb, as they work methodically to complete the final, fifth volume of Caro's Lyndon Johnson biography. The pair, both in their late 80s, had worked together for five decades, starting with Caro's biography of Robert Moses, *The Power Broker*, and continuing through Caro's first four volumes about Lyndon B. Johnson. Its story is focused on the interplay between writer and editor as they work to finish the fifth book rather than a history of their lives. The film features interviews with politicians and media personalities.

## Production

Though Caro and Gottlieb originally declined to be the subject of the documentary, after some convincing, documentarian Lizzie Gottlieb began filming them in 2016. At first, she only filmed them separately, at Caro's request, to avoid moments of contention. Towards the end the two are seen editing together, with music instead of sound. The film was in post-production in early 2021 and premiered at the June 2022 Tribeca Film Festival. Sony Pictures Classics acquired the film following the festival.

Robert Gottlieb died the next year, in 2023.

## Critical reception

On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, 96% of 47 critics' reviews are positive, with an average rating of 8.1/10. Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the film a score of 81 out of 100, based on 14 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Turn Every Page: The Adventures of Robert Caro and Robert Gottlieb | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Lizzie Gottlieb |
| Produced by | Joanne Nerenberg, Jen Small, Lizzie Gottlieb |
| Starring | Robert Caro, Robert Gottlieb |
| Cinematography | Mott Hupfel |
| Edited by | Molly Bernstein, Kristen Nutile |
| Music by | Olivier and Clare Manchon |
| Production<br>companies | Topic Studios, Left/Right, YoungLove Productions |
| Distributed by | Sony Pictures Classics |
| Release date | * June 12, 2022 (2022-06-12) (Tribeca Film Festival) |
| Running time | 113 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
| Box office | $335,417 |


title: Tuoshan

abstract: Tuoshan is a mountain located 4 km (2 mi) south-west of Qingzhou city, Shandong province, China. It features a number of historic sites and a native pine forest. Tuoshan is the core scenic zone of Qingzhou National Park.

text:
# Tuoshan

36°38′54.9″N 118°27′27.5″E / 36.648583°N 118.457639°E / 36.648583; 118.457639

**Tuoshan** (Chinese: 驼山; pinyin: *Tuó Shān*; lit. 'Camel Mountain') is a mountain located 4 km (2 mi) south-west of Qingzhou city, Shandong province, China. It features a number of historic sites and a native pine forest. Tuoshan is the core scenic zone of Qingzhou National Park.

## Qiaoyu's Calligraphy

Qiaoyu was a chief official of Qingzhou during the Ming dynasty, and inscribed the characters 'Tuo Shan' on the eastern face of the mountain.

## Haotian Temple

Haotian Temple (*Hao Tian Gong* in pinyin) measures 150 m from north to south and 100 m from east to west. It lies on the summit of Tuoshan, and commands a view northward to Qingzhou. The temple itself consists of a group of ancient structures, including an old theatre, Yuhuang Palace, Seven Treasures Cabinet, and a garden of stone 'stelae' or tablets. A tablet on the site records the rebuilding of the temple in the Yuan dynasty (1271–1368). The temple has undergone further repairs since 1986.

### Yuhuang Palace

This building is part of Haotian Temple on the summit of the mountain.

### Qibao Cabinet

Seven Treasures (*Qi bao*) Cabinet was built in the Yuan dynasty. It is a non-beam, double-arched stone structure and is rare in China.

## River in the Sky

*Tian He*. Adjacent to Haotian Temple. It was completely dry as of 2004 and it is doubtful that it ever 'flows'. A more realistic translation might be 'pool' or 'pond'.

## Bridge in the Sky

*Tian Qiao*. The bridge crosses the 'River in the Sky', and provides an entrance to Haotian Temple.

## Heavenly Spring

*Tian Quan*. Possibly another name for the 'River in the Sky'.

## Wulong Pool

Possibly another name for the 'River in the Sky'.

## Gate of the Southern Heaven

*Tian Nan Men* in pinyin. A recently constructed or reconstructed Chinese gateway atop mountain.

## Buddhist Grottoes

There are 638 stone Buddhas in five main grottoes, which were chiselled in the Northern Zhou (577–581) and Tang dynasty (613–907) and lie along the mountain's eastern edge, close to the summit. All of the smaller grottoes are now empty. The main grottoes are mostly intact with the exception of many of the smaller-Buddha's heads. They are protected by cages. The tallest statue, that of a seated Buddha, still survives. It is over 7 m high, making it the largest in the province. The smallest statues at the site are about 10 cm (4 in) tall. The site was placed under national protection in 1988.

1. "Ningbo China Historical Sites Tuoshan Weir".
2. "Qingzhou Tuoshan Skiing Resort Attractions – 东营侠客 Weifang Travel Review -Sep 16, 2017 Travel Guide".


abstract: Tunbridge Township is one of thirteen townships in DeWitt County, Illinois, USA. As of the 2020 census, its population was 751 and it contained 338 housing units.

text:
# Tunbridge Township, DeWitt County, Illinois

**Tunbridge Township** is one of thirteen townships in DeWitt County, Illinois, USA. As of the 2020 census, its population was 751 and it contained 338 housing units.

## Geography

According to the 2021 census gazetteer files, Tunbridge Township has a total area of 37.44 square miles (96.97 km2), of which 37.42 square miles (96.92 km2) (or 99.94%) is land and 0.02 square miles (0.05 km2) (or 0.06%) is water.

### Cities, towns, villages

### Unincorporated towns

(This list is based on USGS data and may include former settlements.)

### Cemeteries

The township contains these five cemeteries: Hays, Old Baptist, Pleasant Valley, Randolph and Tunbridge.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1930 | 1,180 |  |  |
| 1940 | 1,129 |  | −4.3% |
| 1950 | 797 |  | −29.4% |
| 1960 | 951 |  | 19.3% |
| 1970 | 856 |  | −10.0% |
| 1980 | 872 |  | 1.9% |
| 1990 | 789 |  | −9.5% |
| 2000 | 810 |  | 2.7% |
| 2010 | 760 |  | −6.2% |
| 2020 | 751 |  | −1.2% |

As of the 2020 census there were 751 people, 394 households, and 216 families residing in the township. The population density was 20.06 inhabitants per square mile (7.75/km2). There were 338 housing units at an average density of 9.03 per square mile (3.49/km2). The racial makeup of the township was 94.14% White, 0.27% African American, 0.27% Native American, 0.40% Asian, 0.00% Pacific Islander, 0.80% from other races, and 4.13% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.26% of the population.

There were 394 households, out of which 14.50% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.22% were married couples living together, 4.06% had a female householder with no spouse present, and 45.18% were non-families. 42.90% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.50% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.07 and the average family size was 2.71.

The township's age distribution consisted of 9.7% under the age of 18, 2.3% from 18 to 24, 18.8% from 25 to 44, 46.8% from 45 to 64, and 22.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 59.4 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 109.1 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $70,595, and the median income for a family was $72,222. Males had a median income of $48,250 versus $9,306 for females. The per capita income for the township was $34,794. About 1.9% of families and 4.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 0.0% of those under age 18 and 2.7% of those age 65 or over.

## School districts

* Clinton Community Unit School District 15
* Maroa-Forsyth Community Unit School District 2
* Mount Pulaski Community Unit District 23

## Political districts

* "Tunbridge Township, DeWitt County, Illinois". *Geographic Names Information System*. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior. Retrieved July 6, 2010.
* United States Census Bureau 2009 TIGER/Line Shapefiles
* United States National Atlas

1. U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Tunbridge Township, DeWitt County, Illinois
2. "Explore Census Data". *data.census.gov*. Retrieved January 22, 2023.
3. Bureau, US Census. "Gazetteer Files". *Census.gov*. Retrieved January 22, 2023. `{{cite web}}`: `|last=` has generic name (help)

## InfoBox

| Tunbridge Township | |
| --- | --- |
| Township | |
| Location in DeWitt County | |
| DeWitt County's location in Illinois | |
| Coordinates: 40°05′34″N 89°05′16″W / 40.09278°N 89.08778°W / 40.09278; -89.08778 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Illinois |
| County | DeWitt |
| Established | November 2, 1858 |
| Area | |
| Total | 37.44 sq mi (97.0 km2) |
| Land | 37.42 sq mi (96.9 km2) |
| Water | 0.02 sq mi (0.05 km2)  0.06% |
| Elevation | 643 ft (196 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 751 |
| Density | 20/sq mi (7.7/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (CST) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| ZIP codes | 61727, 61749 |
| FIPS code | 17-039-76342 |
| GNIS feature ID | 429846 |


title: Tuğcu, Sungurlu

abstract: Tuğcu is a village in the Sungurlu District of Çorum Province in Turkey. Its population is 101 (2022).

text:
# Tuğcu, Sungurlu

**Tuğcu** is a village in the Sungurlu District of Çorum Province in Turkey. Its population is 101 (2022).

## InfoBox

| Tuğcu | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
|  | |
| TuğcuLocation in Turkey | |
| Coordinates: 40°11′N 34°19′E / 40.183°N 34.317°E / 40.183; 34.317 | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Çorum |
| District | Sungurlu |
| Population (2022) | 101 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |


title: Twilight Alley

abstract: Twilight Alley was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. A series of physical problems restricted him to four races a track career which lasted from July 1962 to July 1963. On his third racecourse appearance he defeated a strong field to win Britain's most important long-distance race, the Ascot Gold Cup. He broke down injured on his only subsequent appearance and was retired to stud where he had some success as a sire of steeplechasers.

text:
# Twilight Alley

**Twilight Alley** (1959  September 1976) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. A series of physical problems restricted him to four races a track career which lasted from July 1962 to July 1963. On his third racecourse appearance he defeated a strong field to win Britain's most important long-distance race, the Ascot Gold Cup. He broke down injured on his only subsequent appearance and was retired to stud where he had some success as a sire of steeplechasers.

## Background

Twilight Alley was a "giant" chestnut horse, standing over seventeen hands high with a narrow white blaze bred by the stud of Sir Victor Sassoon. He was sired by Alycidon an outstanding stayer who won the Ascot Gold Cup in 1949 before becoming a very successful breeding stallion. Alycidon was the Leading sire in Great Britain & Ireland in 1955. Twilight Alley's dam Crepuscule was an outstanding broodmare who had previously produced The Derby winner Crepello and the 1000 Guineas winner Honeylight. The colt was sent into training with Noel Murless at his Warren Place stable in Newmarket, Suffolk. Following the death of Victor Sassoon in 1961, Twilight Alley raced in the colours of his widow, Lady Sassoon.

## Racing career

Twilight Alley's huge size and fragile forelegs made him a very difficult horse to train and he did not race as a two-year-old. As a three-year-old he did not appear until July, when he won the Cranbourne Chase Maiden Stakes over one and a half miles at Ascot Racecourse. After the race he was found to have a heart murmur and did not race again for ten months.

In May 1963, Twilight Alley contested the inaugural running of the Henry II Stakes over two miles at Sandown Park Racecourse and finished second behind Gaul. On 20 June, at Royal Ascot, Twilight Alley was ridden by Lester Piggott in the Ascot Gold Cup. He started at odds of 100/30 in against six opponents including the French challengers Balto (winner of the Grand Prix de Paris in 1961 and the Gold Cup in 1962), Misti (third in the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe) and Taine (winner of the Prix du Cadran in 1962 and 1963). Piggott sent the favourite into the lead after a quarter of a mile and opened up a clear advantage before easing the pace to allow the horse to have a "breather" six furlongs out. Twilight Alley accelerated again on the turn into the straight and held off the challenge of Misti to win by a length, with Taine in third and Balto in fourth. In July, Twilight Alley started 7/2 favourite for the thirteenth running of Britain's most prestigious weight-for-age race, the King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes over one and a half miles at Ascot. Twilight Alley sustained a serious pastern injury during the race and finished unplaced behind Ragusa. He never raced again.

## Assessment

The independent Timeform organisation awarded Twilight Alley a rating of 133, five pounds below the top-rated Exbury. In their book, *A Century of Champions*, based on the Timeform rating system, John Randall and Tony Morris rated Twilight Alley as a "superior" winner of the Ascot Gold Cup.

## Stud record

Twilight Alley was retired from racing to become a breeding stallion at Lady Sassoon's Beech House stud in Newmarket. He made little impact as a sire of winners on the flat but had some success as a sire of National Hunt horses when based at Tyrley Castle Stud in Shropshire. The best of his progeny included Midnight Court, who won the Cheltenham Gold Cup in 1978 and Drumlargan who won the Sun Alliance Novices' Hurdle in 1980. Twilight Alley was euthanised in September 1976 due to pulmonary emphysema.

## Pedigree

Pedigree of Twilight Alley (GB), chestnut stallion, 1959
| Sire
Alycidon (GB)
1945 | Donatello (FR)
1934 | Blenheim | Blandford |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Malva |
| | Delleana | Clarissimus |
| | Duccia di Buoninsegna |
| | Aurora (GB)
1936 | Hyperion | **Gainsborough** |
| | | Selene |
| | Rose Red | Swynford |
| | Marchetta |
| Dam
Crepuscule (GB)
1948 | Mieuxce (FR)
1933 | Massine | Consols |
| | | Mauri |
| | L'Olivete | Opott |
| | Jonicole |
| | Red Sunset (GB)
1941 | Solario | **Gainsborough** |
| | | Sun Worship |
| | Dulce | Asterus |
| | Dorina (Family: 16-d) |

* Twilight Alley was inbred 4 x 4 to Gainsborough, meaning that this stallion appears twice in the fourth generation of his pedigree.

## InfoBox

| Twilight Alley | |
| --- | --- |
| Sire | Alycidon |
| Grandsire | Donatello |
| Dam | Crepuscule |
| Damsire | Mieuxce |
| Sex | Stallion |
| Foaled | 1959 |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Colour | Chestnut |
| Breeder | Victor Sassoon |
| Owner | Lady Sassoon |
| Trainer | Noel Murless |
| Record | 4: 2-1-0 |
| Major wins | |
| Ascot Gold Cup (1963) | |
| Awards | |
| Timeform rating: 133 | |


title: Turner Falls

abstract: Turner Falls is a waterfall on Honey Creek in the Arbuckle Mountains of south-central Oklahoma, United States, 6 miles (9.7 km) south of Davis. With a height of 77 feet (23 m), Turner Falls is locally considered Oklahoma's tallest waterfall, although its height matches one in Natural Falls State Park. Turner Falls and the blue hole are dangerous and have claimed people's lives every year. Only experienced swimmers should swim there.

text:
# Turner Falls

**Turner Falls** is a waterfall on Honey Creek in the Arbuckle Mountains of south-central Oklahoma, United States, 6 miles (9.7 km) south of Davis. With a height of 77 feet (23 m), Turner Falls is locally considered Oklahoma's tallest waterfall, although its height matches one in Natural Falls State Park.

Turner Falls and the blue hole are dangerous and have claimed people's lives every year. Only experienced swimmers should swim there.

## History

Mazeppa Thomas Turner, a Scottish immigrant farmer who married Laura Johnson, a Chickasaw woman, settled in the area in 1878 and discovered the falls. The falls were named for him.

Recreational use began in or before 1868. At the time, Turner Falls was located in Pickens County, Chickasaw Nation.

Today, the falls are part of Turner Falls Park, a city park operated by the city of Davis, Oklahoma. The Falls cascade into a natural swimming pool, one of two such pools within the park, and these are popular tourist destinations in the summer.

The city of Davis acquired the park in 1919 and operated it until 1950. It then leased the facility to other interests until 1978, when it resumed control.

The park covers 1,500 acres (6.1 km2), and also contains nature trails, caves and other interesting geological features. It also has a walk-in castle, originally built in the 1930s as a summer home for Dr. Ellsworth Collings, a professor and later Dean of the School of Education at the University of Oklahoma.

34°25′31″N 97°08′55″W / 34.42528°N 97.14861°W / 34.42528; -97.14861

## InfoBox

| Turner Falls | |
| --- | --- |
| Turner Falls | |
|  | |
| Location | Turner Falls Park, Interstate 35, Davis, Oklahoma, United States |
| Type | Fan |
| Total height | 77 feet |


abstract: The Turkey men's national under 20 ice hockey team is the national under-20 ice hockey team of Turkey. The team is controlled by the Turkish Ice Hockey Federation, a member of the International Ice Hockey Federation. They first played at the World Junior Championship in 1998, mainly staying at the Division III level.

text:
# Turkey men's national junior ice hockey team

The **Turkey men's national under 20 ice hockey team** is the national under-20 ice hockey team of Turkey. The team is controlled by the Turkish Ice Hockey Federation, a member of the International Ice Hockey Federation. They first played at the World Junior Championship in 1998, mainly staying at the Division III level.

## History

Turkey played its first game in 1997 against the Netherlands during the Pool D tournament of the 1998 IIHF World U20 Championship. Turkey lost the game 32–1. The following year Turkey again competed in the Pool D tournament of the IIHF World U20 Championships. Turkey lost all four of their games including the one against the Netherlands which they lost 37–0. The loss to the Netherlands was recorded as their worst ever defeat in international competition.

In 2003 Turkey returned from a three-year absence to compete in the Division III tournament at the 2003 IIHF World U20 Championship. They won their first game ever in their first game back, defeating Luxembourg 14–1. In 2006 Turkey recorded their largest ever win in international competition after defeating Armenia 28–3 during the 2006 IIHF World U20 Championship Division III tournament. Turkey continued to compete in Division III of the IIHF World U20 Championships until 2009 where they did not participate in that year's tournament.

In 2010 Turkey returned to the World U20 Championships and hosted the Division III tournament in Istanbul. In 2012 they finished fifth in the Division III tournament being held in Dunedin, New Zealand.

## International competitions

### World Junior Ice Hockey Championships

| Year | Host Country | Div. | GP | W | L | T | GF | GA | Pts | TR | WR |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1998 | Lithuania | D - A | 4 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 5 | 67 | 0 | 8th | 34th |
| 1999 | Yugoslavia | D - B | 4 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 93 | 0 | 9th | 35th |
| 2003 | Turkey | III | 4 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 26 | 16 | 4 | 3rd | 37th |
| 2004 | Bulgaria | III | 5 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 10 | 38 | 2 | 4th | 38th |
| 2005 | Mexico | III | 5 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 10 | 27 | 2 | 5th | 39th |
| 2006 | Lithuania | III | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 35 | 40 | 4 | 3rd | 37th |
| 2007 | Turkey | III | 5 | 1 | 4 |  | 9 | 31 | 3 | 5th | 39th |
| 2008 | Serbia | III | 6 | 1 | 5 |  | 18 | 62 | 3 | 6th | 40th |
| 2010 | Turkey | III - B | 5 | 1 | 4 |  | 20 | 36 | 3 | 6th | 40th |
| 2011 | Mexico | III | 6 | 3 | 3 |  | 36 | 33 | 9 | 4th | 38th |
| 2012 | New Zealand | III | 4 | 0 | 4 |  | 1 | 38 | 0 | 5th | 39th |
| 2013 | Bulgaria | III | 5 | 1 | 4 |  | 19 | 24 | 3 | 5th | 39th |
| 2014 | Turkey | III | 5 | 2 | 3 |  | 10 | 24 | 7 | 4th | 38th |
| 2015 | New Zealand | III | 4 | 1 | 3 |  | 7 | 15 | 3 | 5th | 39th |
| 2016 | Mexico | III | 6 | 2 | 4 |  | 20 | 15 | 6 | 6th | 40th |
| 2017 | New Zealand | III | 5 | 5 | 0 |  | 25 | 8 | 9 | 1st | 35th |
| 2018 | Serbia | IIB | 5 | 1 | 4 |  | 13 | 30 | 3 | 6th | 34th |
| 2019 | Iceland | III | 5 | 3 | 2 |  | 17 | 20 | 6 | 3rd | 37th |
| 2020 | Bulgaria | III | 5 | 3 | 2 |  | 17 | 11 | 6 | 3rd | 37th |
| 2022 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships – Division III |  |  | 5 | 3 | 2 |  | 22 | 20 | +2 |  |  |
| 2023 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships – Division III |  |  | 6 | 2 | 4 |  | 25 | 29 | -4 |  |  |
| Total | | | 103 | 35 | 66 | 2 | 244 | 677 | –433 |  | |

## InfoBox

Turkey
| The crescent moon and a star as seen on the Turkish flag is the badge used on the players jerseys. | |
| --- | --- |
| Association | Turkish Ice Hockey Federation |
| Head coach | Yucel Citak |
| Assistants | Cengiz Akyildiz
Caner Baykan |
| Captain | Hakan Salt |
| Most points | Serkan Gumus (36) |
| Team colors |  |
| IIHF code | TUR |
| First international | |
| Netherlands 32 - 1 Turkey
(Lithuania; December 30, 1997) | |
| Biggest win | |
| Turkey 28 - 3 Armenia
(Elektrenai, Lithuania; January 8, 2006) | |
| Biggest defeat | |
| Netherlands 37 - 0 Turkey
(Novi Sad, Yugoslavia; December 29, 1999) | |
| IIHF World U20 Championship | |
| Appearances | 19 (*first in 1998*) |
| Best result | 34th (1998, 2018) |
| International record (W–L–T) | |
| 30-59-2 | |


title: Tylomelania helmuti

abstract: Tylomelania helmuti is a species of freshwater snail with an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Pachychilidae. The specific name helmuti is in honor of Helmut Glaubrecht, father of the second author and supporter of the malacological research.

text:
# Tylomelania helmuti

***Tylomelania helmuti*** is a species of freshwater snail with an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Pachychilidae.

The specific name *helmuti* is in honor of Helmut Glaubrecht, father of the second author and supporter of the malacological research.

## Distribution

This species occurs in the Lake Towuti drainage, in Sulawesi, Indonesia. The type locality is the stream-crossing on the road from Wawondula to Timampu.

## Description

The shell has always some whorls corroded with 3-8 whorls.

The width of the shell is up to 8.0–16.3 mm. The height of the shell is up to 15.8–34.6 mm. The width of the aperture is 4.0–8.5 mm. The height of the aperture is 6.2–13.2 mm.

## Ecology

This species lives in shallow streams and marshes.

## InfoBox

| *Tylomelania helmuti* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| An apertural view of a shell of *Tylomelania helmuti*. | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Family: | Pachychilidae |
| Genus: | *Tylomelania* |
| Species: | ***T. helmuti*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Tylomelania helmuti***<br>von Rintelen & Glaubrecht, 2003 | |
|


title: Tylomelania kruimeli

abstract: Tylomelania kruimeli is a species of freshwater snail with an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Pachychilidae. The specific name kruimeli is in honor of Dutch malacologist Jan Herman Kruimel (1884-1916).

text:
# Tylomelania kruimeli

***Tylomelania kruimeli*** is a species of freshwater snail with an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Pachychilidae.

The specific name *kruimeli* is in honor of Dutch malacologist Jan Herman Kruimel (1884-1916).

## Distribution

This species is endemic to the Lake Mahalona, Sulawesi, Indonesia.

The type locality is north-eastern corner of the Lake Mahalona.

## Description

The shape of the shell is conical. The shell has 4-9 whorls.

The width of the shell is 7.5-29.3 mm. The height of the shell is 13.9-69.3 mm.

## Ecology

This lacustrine species lives on the hard substrate.

There are developing 3-14 embryos develop in a brood pouch. Females gave birth to 2-14 juveniles. The height of the shell of juveniles at birth is 6.5-11.0 mm.

## InfoBox

| *Tylomelania kruimeli* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Critically Endangered  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Family: | Pachychilidae |
| Genus: | *Tylomelania* |
| Species: | ***T. kruimeli*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Tylomelania kruimeli***
von Rintelen & Glaubrecht, 2003 | |
|


title: Twenty-first Dynasty of Egypt

abstract: The Twenty-first Dynasty of Egypt is usually classified as the first Dynasty of the Ancient Egyptian Third Intermediate Period, lasting from 1077 BC to 943 BC.

text:
# Twenty-first Dynasty of Egypt

The **Twenty-first Dynasty of Egypt** (notated **Dynasty XXI**, alternatively **21st Dynasty** or **Dynasty 21**) is usually classified as the first Dynasty of the Ancient Egyptian Third Intermediate Period, lasting from 1077 BC to 943 BC.

## History

After the reign of Ramesses III, a long, slow decline of royal power in Egypt followed. The pharaohs of the Twenty-first Dynasty ruled from Tanis, but were mostly active only in Lower Egypt, which they controlled. This dynasty is described as 'Tanite' because its political capital was based at Tanis. Meanwhile, the High Priests of Amun at Thebes effectively ruled Middle and Upper Egypt in all but name. The later Egyptian Priest Manetho of Sebennytos states in his Epitome on Egyptian royal history that "the 21st Dynasty of Egypt lasted for 130 years".

## Pharaohs of the 21st Dynasty

Dynasty XXI Kings of Egypt
| Pharaoh | Image | Prenomen (Throne name) | Horus-name | Reign | Burial | Consort(s) | Comments |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Smendes / Nesbanebdjed I |  | Hedjkheperre Setepenre | Kanakhtmeryreseuser Amunkhepesheferseqamaat | 1077 - 1051 BC | unknown | Tentamun | Only controlled Lower Egypt during his reign. Founder of the 21st Dynasty. |
| Amenemnisu |  | Neferkare Heqawaset | (unknown) | 1051 - 1047 BC | unknown |  |  |
| Psusennes I / Hor-Pasebakhaenniut I |  | Akheperre Setepenamun | Kanakhtemdedamun Userfausekhaemwaset | 1047 - 1001 BC | NRT III, Tanis | Mutnedjemet <br>Wiay | Precise length of reign unknown. Either 41 or 46 years. |
| Amenemope |  | Usermaatre Setepenamun | (unknown) | 1001 - 992 BC | Tanis |  | Manetho writes in his Epitome that Amenemope ruled Egypt for 9 years. |
| Osorkon the Elder |  | Akheperre Setepenre | (unknown) | 992 - 986 BC | unknown |  | Osorkon the elder ruled Egypt for 6 years. |
| Siamun |  | Netjerkheperre Setepenamun | Kanakhtmerymat Sameryenamunperemhauef | 986 - 967 BC | unknown |  | Siamun is believed to have ruled Egypt for 19 years. Egyptologists have amended Manetho's figure of 9 years for this king to \[1\]9 years based on a Year 17 known for him in the Karnak Priestly Annals |
| Psusennes II / Hor-Pasebakhaenniut II |  | Titkheperure Setepenre | (unknown) | 967 - 943 BC | unknown |  |  |

## Timeline of the 21st Dynasty

## Footnotes

## Further reading

* Jaroslav Černý, Studies in the Chronology of the Twenty-First Dynasty, JEA 32 (1946), 24-30

## InfoBox

| Twenty-first Dynasty of Egypt | |
| --- | --- |
| 1077 BC–943 BC | |
| Gold funerary mask of pharaoh Psusennes I | |
| Capital | Tanis |
| Common languages | Egyptian language |
| Religion | Ancient Egyptian Religion |
| Government | Absolute monarchy |
| Historical era | Third Intermediate Period of Egypt |
|  | |
| Established | 1077 BC |
| Disestablished | 943 BC |
|  | |
|  | |