title: Twinkle (singer)

abstract: Lynn Annette Ripley, better known by the stage name Twinkle, was an English singer-songwriter. She had chart success in the 1960s with her songs "Terry" and "Golden Lights".

text:
# Twinkle (singer)

**Lynn Annette Ripley** (15 July 1948 – 21 May 2015), better known by the stage name **Twinkle**, was an English singer-songwriter. She had chart success in the 1960s with her songs "Terry" and "Golden Lights".

## Early life

Born in Surbiton, Surrey, into a well-to-do family, Ripley was known to her family as Twinkle. She attended Queen's Gate School with Camilla Shand, later Queen Consort of the United Kingdom, and was the aunt of actress Fay Ripley.

## Career

Twinkle owed her rapid entry into the recording studio at the age of 16 to her then-boyfriend Dec Cluskey, of the popular vocal group The Bachelors, who was introduced to her by her sister, music journalist Dawn James, and who passed on to his manager a demo that Twinkle's father played to him. Her song *Terry* was a teenage tragedy song about the death of a boyfriend in a motorcycle crash. Big Jim Sullivan, Jimmy Page and Bobby Graham were among the session musicians who played on the recording, which conjured up a dark mood with its doleful backing vocals, spooky organ, 12-string guitar and slow, emphatic rhythm arranged by Phil Coulter. The theme was of a common type for the era: it bore some similarities to the Shangri-Las' slightly earlier "Leader of the Pack" (1964), but the record caused a furore, accusations of bad taste leading to a ban from the BBC.

The follow-up, *Golden Lights*, was also written by Twinkle, with a B-side again by producer Tommy Scott. By then Cluskey was her ex-boyfriend: Twinkle dated Peter Noone in 1965. The lyric expresses disillusionment with the pop business: her EP track "A Lonely Singing Doll", the English-language version of France Gall's 1965 winning Eurovision Song Contest song for Luxembourg, "Poupée de cire, poupée de son", originally written by Serge Gainsbourg, returned to a theme similar to "Golden Lights". "Johnny" continued to explore dangerous territory, this time that of a childhood friend who becomes a criminal, but it seems the pressure to produce "another Terry" led her producers to pass over her own material, for "Tommy", a song written for Reparata and the Delrons and "The End of the World" a tune composed for Skeeter Davis. Twinkle made few live appearances but performed *Terry* at the annual New Musical Express hit concerts. After recording six singles for Decca Records she "retired" at the age of eighteen in 1966.

In 1969 she recorded a self-written single, the Tamla Motown-styled "Micky", backed by "Darby and Joan", both produced by Mike d'Abo for the Instant label. The single vanished, unpublicised. In the ensuing years, unsigned and working in music for advertising, she recorded a suite of songs inspired by her relationship with "Micky", the actor/model Michael Hannah, who was killed in an air-crash in 1974. These remained unreleased until they were included on CD compilations. Her later recordings appeared under the name **Twinkle Ripley**. She recorded a 1975 single, "Smoochie" with her father, Sidney Ripley as "Bill & Coo".

In the 1980s "Golden Lights" was covered by The Smiths and appeared on their compilation albums *The World Won't Listen* and *Louder Than Bombs* while in 1983 Cindy & The Saffrons covered "Terry". "Terry" was also covered by Mandy Smith in 1987, but her highly publicised version was pulled from release after negative feedback. It was later issued on a special edition of her album, *Mandy*.

Photographic publicity portraits of Twinkle taken in the mid-1960s are exhibited in the National Portrait Gallery.

## Personal life

In 1972, she married actor-model Graham Rogers, who starred in Milk Tray chocolate adverts. They had two children, Michael and Amber.

## Death

On 21 May 2015, Twinkle died at 66 on the Isle of Wight, after a five-year battle with cancer.

## Discography

### Singles

for Decca Records * "Terry" (Twinkle) b/w "The Boy of My Dreams" (Tommy Scott) (1964) UK No. 4
* "Golden Lights" (Twinkle) b/w "Ain't Nobody Home but Me" (Tommy Scott) (1965) UK No. 21
* "Tommy" (Chip Taylor,Ted Daryll) b/w "So Sad" (Tommy Scott) (1965)
* "Poor Old Johnny" (Twinkle) b/w "I Need Your Hand in Mine" (Tommy Scott) (1965)
* "The End of the World" (Arthur Kent and Sylvia Dee) b/w "Take Me to the Dance" (Tommy Scott) (1965)
* "What Am I Doing Here with You?" (P. F. Sloan, Steve Barri) b/w "Now I Have You" (Tommy Scott) (1966)

for Instant Records * "Micky" (Twinkle) b/w "Darby and Joan" (Twinkle) (1969)

for Bradleys Records, as Twinkle Ripley * "Days" (Twinkle Ripley) b/w "Caroline" (Twinkle Ripley) (1974)

for Bradleys Records, as duo Bill & Coo * "Smoochie" (Jim Jim) b/w "I Always Love You" (Jim Jim) (1975)

for EMI Records, as Twinkle * "I'm a Believer" (Neil Diamond) b/w "For Sale" (Twinkle Ripley and Simon Darlow) (1982)

### EP

* *Lonely Singing Doll* (Decca, DFE 8621, May 1965) "A Lonely Singing Doll" (Serge Gainsbourg, Tommy Scott, Bill Martin), "Unhappy Boy" (Twinkle), "Ain't Nobody Home But Me" (Tommy Scott) and "Golden Lights" (Twinkle)

### Compilations

* *Golden Lights* (1993)
* *Golden Lights:Special Edition* (2001)
* *Michael Hannah: The Lost Years* (2003)
* *Girl in a Million: The Complete Recordings* (2019)

## InfoBox

| Twinkle | |
| --- | --- |
| Twinkle in 1964 | |
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Lynn Annette Ripley |
| Also known as | Twinkle Ripley |
| Born | (1948-07-15)15 July 1948
Surbiton, Surrey, England |
| Died | 21 May 2015(2015-05-21) (aged 66)
Isle of Wight, England |
| Genres | Pop music |
| Occupation | Singer-songwriter |
| Instrument | Vocals |
| Years active | 1963–1980s |
| Labels | Decca Records |


title: Sue Mundy

abstract: Sue Mundy was a fictional guerrilla character created by George D. Prentice, the editor of the Louisville Journal. Prentice opposed the heavy-handed military rule of General Stephen G. Burbridge in Kentucky during the American Civil War.

text:
# Sue Mundy

**Sue Mundy** was a fictional guerrilla character created by George D. Prentice, the editor of the *Louisville Journal*. Prentice opposed the heavy-handed military rule of General Stephen G. Burbridge in Kentucky during the American Civil War.

## History

Union Major General Stephen G. Burbridge was given command over the Commonwealth of Kentucky in June 1864, after the state's Unionist population had suffered numerous guerrilla raids and murders. He declared martial law.

Prentice created the "Sue Mundy" persona to portray Burbridge as an incompetent commander, unable to protect Kentucky citizens. Guerrilla groups operated in Kentucky late in 1864 and in 1865 (as they did in neighboring Tennessee). Most were bandits, part of a breakdown in social order during the war, and they preyed on persons affiliated with either side for their own gang. Some claimed to be part of "Sue Mundy's gang" because of the popular image and instant notoriety. Prentice published articles about guerrilla terrorism in the *Louisville Journal*, attributing it to activities of "Sue Mundy". He emphasized what he considered the incompetence of Burbridge to protect residents of the area.

In the first editorial Prentice wrote about the figure, he spelled her name 'Munday', but in every other editorial he spelled the name 'Mundy'. He portrayed her as a guerrilla.

The 20-year-old guerrilla Marcellus Jerome Clarke, a Confederate captain, was known to wear his hair long and had smooth-faced features. Some thought or alleged that he was the model for or actually "Sue Mundy." Caught by Federal soldiers in Meade County on March 12, 1865, Clarke was tried in Louisville and hanged a few days later. All along, Prentice vehemently denied that Clarke was Mundy.

By some accounts, including his own, Henry C. Magruder (another guerrilla riding with Clarke) was the original Sue Mundy. Magruder made this claim in his posthumous memoir, *Three Years in the Saddle: The Life and Confession of Henry Magruder: The Original Sue Munday, The Scourge of Kentucky* (1865). The gang of guerrillas were captured and arrested after robbing a bank. As noted above, Clarke was convicted and executed by hanging soon after capture in March 1865. Magruder, having been shot in the lungs during capture, was allowed to recover his health in jail before he was hanged.


title: Triatoma lecticularia

abstract: Triatoma lecticularia is a species of kissing bug in the family Reduviidae. It is found in Central America and North America.

text:
# Triatoma lecticularia

***Triatoma lecticularia*** is a species of kissing bug in the family Reduviidae. It is found in Central America and North America.

## Further reading

* Lent, H.; Wygodzinsky, P. (1979). "Revision of the Triatominae (Hemiptera, Reduviidae), and their significance as vectors of Chagas' disease". *Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History*. **163**: 1–520. hdl:2246/1282.
* Péricart, J.; Golub, V. B. (1996). Aukema, Berend; Rieger, Christian (eds.). *Catalogue of the Heteroptera of the Palaearctic Region, Vol. 2: Cimicomorpha I*. The Netherlands Entomological Society. ISBN 978-90-71912-15-3.

## InfoBox

| *Triatoma lecticularia* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hemiptera |
| Suborder: | Heteroptera |
| Family: | Reduviidae |
| Genus: | *Triatoma* |
| Species: | ***T. lecticularia*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Triatoma lecticularia***<br>(Stål, 1859) | |
|


title: Terraglyph Interactive Studios

abstract: TerraGlyph Interactive Studios was a multi-platform game development studio located in Schaumburg, Illinois, and was founded in 1994. The company was the game development division of the TerraGlyph group of companies, which also includes a feature animation studio in Dublin, Ireland; a web/media services division; and a business visualization company, both located near Chicago, Illinois. Terraglyph's main product line consisted of rendered CD-ROM-based children's games. Originally, their concept was to create several edutainment games based on classic fairy tales such as Hansel and Gretel that were both fun to play as well as developed in five different languages for kids to learn new languages as they played. Later, their game development included popular licensed titles such as Kidsongs and Tiny Toon Adventures.

text:
# Terraglyph Interactive Studios

**TerraGlyph Interactive Studios** was a multi-platform game development studio located in Schaumburg, Illinois, and was founded in 1994. The company was the game development division of the TerraGlyph group of companies, which also includes a feature animation studio in Dublin, Ireland; a web/media services division; and a business visualization company, both located near Chicago, Illinois.

Terraglyph's main product line consisted of rendered CD-ROM-based children's games. Originally, their concept was to create several edutainment games based on classic fairy tales such as Hansel and Gretel that were both fun to play as well as developed in five different languages for kids to learn new languages as they played. Later, their game development included popular licensed titles such as *Kidsongs* and *Tiny Toon Adventures*.

## Games published

**Win95/Mac/MS-DOS**

**PlayStation**

**Nintendo 64**

## Animated films (TerraGlyph Productions Dublin)

## InfoBox

Terraglyph Interactive Studios
| Industry | Feature Animation, Entertainment, Video games |
| --- | --- |
| Founder | Donald F. Flynn |
| Headquarters | United States |
| Key people | Donald F. Flynn
Brian J. Flynn
Patrick M. Daleiden |


title: W. D. Boyce Council

abstract: The W. D. Boyce Council of the Boy Scouts of America serves youth in central Illinois, from Lincoln to Ottawa, and Peoria to Bloomington.

text:
# W. D. Boyce Council

The **W. D. Boyce Council** of the Boy Scouts of America serves youth in central Illinois, from Lincoln to Ottawa, and Peoria to Bloomington.

## Organization

The council is divided into districts:

* Crossroads District - Serving youth in DeWitt, Livingston, Logan, McLean, and part of Ford county.
* Heartland District - Serving youth in Fulton, Marshall, and Peoria counties.
* Lowaneu District - Serving youth in Bureau, Putnam, and LaSalle counties.
* Wotamalo District - Serving youth in **Wo**odford, **Ta**zewell, **Ma**son, and part of **Lo**gan county.

## History

Formerly the *Starved Rock Area Council*, *Corn Belt Council* and the *Creve Coeur Council*, **W.D. Boyce Council** was created by merger and renamed in 1973 in honor of the founder of the BSA, whose grave and monument lie overlooking the Illinois River not far from the Ottawa Scouting Museum in Ottawa, Illinois. The council headquarters is in Peoria, Illinois. The council runs Ingersoll Scout Reservation west of Peoria and Cache Lake Scout Camp in Ontario, Canada. W.D. Boyce Council is served by Wenasa Quenhotan Lodge #23.

**Camp Ki-Shau-Wau** is a former Boy Scout camp owned by the Starved Rock Area Council (and later by the W.D. Boyce Council after the merger in 1972) located two miles southeast of Lowell, Illinois along the Vermillion river. Its first name was Camp Pontiac. Shortly after, it was renamed after the three Scouting districts known as Kinebo, Shabbona and Waubuncie (Ki-Shau-Wau). The last official summer camp program was held in 1976. The camp opened in 1926 and was sold in 1989. The site is a private retreat, http://www.kishauwaucabins.com/, today where cabins can be rented. In the movie "Fracture", Ryan Gosling's character can be seen wearing a Camp Ki-Shau-Wau T-shirt in one scene.

**Camp Heffernan** is a former Boy Scout camp owned by the Corn Belt Council. It is located north of Normal, Illinois on Lake Bloomington. It is now owned by Easter Seals of Central Illinois and has been renamed Timber Pointe Outdoor Center.

**Camp Wokanda** is a former Boy Scout camp located just north of the city of Peoria, Illinois. The grounds are set on the edge of the Illinois River Valley and are bordered by Mossville Road, Mossville proper (and the natural gas pipeline) Colony Point and Deerbrook Subdivisions, and Cedar Hills Road.

The Boy Scouts sold the property to the Peoria Park District in the 1990s and built a new camp farther north of the city. The Park District rents out the main meeting house for parties and created a few new trails that cross from the Camp over to Robinson Park, which abuts the campgrounds.

## Camps

### Ingersoll Scout Reservation

| Ingersoll Scout Reservation | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | London Mills, IL |
| Coordinates | 40°43′03″N 90°19′12″W / 40.7176°N 90.3201°W / 40.7176; -90.3201 |
| Founded | 1963 |
|  | |

**Ingersoll Scout Reservation** (**ISR**, or simply **Ingersoll**) is the primary resident camp of the W.D. Boyce Council of the Boy Scouts of America. Initially founded as Wilderness Camp in 1963, the camp was renamed in 1973 to posthumously honor William P. Ingersoll, a local philanthropist who helped in the camp's initial purchase.

#### Geography

Ingersoll straddles Fulton and Knox Counties, near London Mills, IL. It is primarily accessed by Illinois Route 116.

The numerous small creeks and gullies emptying into Cedar Creek on the southern edge of Ingersoll gives the camp unusually varied topography for the area. This is most visible at "Dining Hall Hill," the main thoroughfare of the camp, which is located on a long incline overlooking the broad Cedar Creek Valley. One minor tributary of the Cedar Creek was dammed in 1963, forming 17-acre Lake Roberts.

The reservation is home to many native Illinois wildlife species, including white-tailed deer, raccoons, wild turkey, foxes, and coyotes. Beavers have also been known to make their homes on the Cedar Creek, though they are rarely sighted. The entire camp is designated as a wildlife preservation area by the state of Illinois. In less-developed regions of the camp, native prairie grasses have been allowed to grow, creating a habitat for many native plants.

#### Facilities & Programs

The dining hall is the center of resident camp activities. It includes indoor and outdoor seating, a kitchen, and an adjacent commissary building. The flagpole in front of the dining hall is the site of daily flag ceremonies. During the winter months, the dining hall is used for cold-weather camping.

The Wilderness Training Center, or WTC, is a climate-controlled facility that can be used for training or cold weather camping. The Health Lodge and Camp Office are also housed in this building. This complex was originally donated by Caterpillar Inc. in the 1970s and previously served as the camp commissary and trading post, hence its nickname, the "Old Commissary".

The RMS Lodge houses 44 staff members during the summer and acts as the premier conference center during the off-season. It is climate-controlled, and it includes heated floors, a kitchen, laundry machines, and a large meeting room. This facility was completed in 2019.

Campsites at Ingersoll are divided into three ridges: North, South, and West. A mix of cabins, platform tents, and primitive campsites are available. There are two large shower facilities shared by all campsites, and every campsite has its own latrine and water spigot.

The climbing tower features 3 walls of varying difficulty, a giant's ladder, and a 350-foot zipline to the ground below. The Climbing merit badge is instructed here during summer resident camp. The tower was completed in 2007.

The pool includes changing rooms, showers, and private bathroom facilities. These facilities were rebuilt in 2014.

Lake Roberts is an artificial lake contained entirely within the boundaries of ISR. The lakefront area, completed in 2008, contains a sand beach, a large dock, boat storage, and teaching space. Boating merit badges, including Rowing, Canoeing, and Small Boat Sailing are taught here during the summer months. Across the lake, the Fish Shack contains teaching space for the Fishing and Fly Fishing merit badges, as well as facilities for cleaning and preparing fish.

The shooting sports area features separate ranges for rifles, archery, and shotgun shooting.

Other program facilities at Ingersoll include the Scoutcraft shelter, the Ecology/Conservation building, a STEM area, and an outdoor chapel.

Unique to Ingersoll are historically themed "Outpost" programs, held at special sites. Paul Bunyan is a breakfast program based on a Minnesota logging camp, where troops partake in pancakes cooked on a potbelly stove, throw tomahawks, cut logs with crosscut saws, and play "Loggerball". Horseshoe Bend takes troops far out of the main camp for an Old West dinner program, where they help prepare a chuckwagon feast and learn about blacksmithing and lassoing.

#### History

In the late 1950s, the Creve Coeur Council faced growing problems with its existing resident camp, Camp Wokanda. Its facilities, mostly constructed in the 1920s and 1930s, were inadequate, and it was being encroached upon by the urban sprawl of nearby Peoria. In 1960 it was decided that a new camp should be constructed, far enough from civilization that boys' survival skills could be put to the test. Other criteria for this new camp included a lake, a river, and enough space to allow campsites privacy and community. Many sites were considered, but eventually, a 600-acre plot located 36 miles west of Peoria on Illinois Route 116 near London Mills was chosen for its rolling hills, meadows, and natural woodlands, as well as its river access and location within the famous Spoon River country. The site also contained a brick ranch-style house far from the main road, considered perfect for housing a camp ranger.

With a site decided, the Creve Coeur Council then focused its efforts on paying for the land. At $60,000 (roughly $428,000 today), finding the money proved to be difficult. Hoping to find one donor who could cover the whole cost, an appeal was made to William P. Ingersoll, a philanthropist from nearby Canton, Illinois. After confirming for himself the validity of the request, Ingersoll agreed to pay for the entire property on the condition that his donation remains anonymous. So it was that in 1963, Wilderness Camp officially opened for its first camping season. Over the next decade, Ingersoll continued to anonymously fund the camp, allowing for the construction of new buildings and the acquisition of surrounding land, eventually bringing the camp to 960 acres. Following Ingersoll's death in 1972, the camp was renamed Ingersoll Scout Reservation in his honor with the permission of his remaining family.

In 2022, the W. D. Boyce Council authorized the sale of two parcels of Ingersoll Scout Reservation totaling about 300 acres. This land was sold to fulfill the council's obligation to the national Victims Compensation Trust. The parcels included the "far east side" and "cross creek" areas of camp, and consisted mostly of inaccessible wilderness that was seldom utilized for program.

### Cache Lake Scout Camp

Cache Lake Scout Camp is located at Sand Point Lake Ontario. The original high adventure camp that would evolve into Cache Lake Scout Camp was located approximately 70 miles north of International Falls, Minnesota in an abandoned logging camp on Lake of the Woods at Nestor Falls in 1957. The camp was moved to Browns Bay in Crane Lake in northern Minnesota approximately 3 years later and named Cache Lake Scout Camp. The camp was moved one other time to the north of the Canadian / U.S. border to what is now known as Bach's Bay. The history of the creation and evolution of Cache Lake Scout Camp has been reproduced with the author's permission (J.N. Bach) at the "Evolution of Cache Lake" website provided.

## Wenasa Quenhotan Lodge

The council is served by the Wenasa Quenhotan Lodge of the Order of the Arrow, the Boy Scouting program's national honor society.

## InfoBox

| W.D. Boyce Council (#138) | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Owner | Boy Scouts of America |
| Headquarters | Peoria, IL |
| Country | United States |
| Scout Executive/CEO | Ben Blumenberg |
|  | |
| **Website**<br>http://www.wdboyce.org | |
|


title: WKUA

abstract: WKUA is an American non-commercial educational radio station intended to serve the community of Moundville, Alabama. The station is owned and operated by TBTA Ministries of Irondale, Alabama. WKUA began regular broadcast operations in February 2012 under program test authority while its broadcast license application is pending.

text:
# WKUA

**WKUA** (88.5 FM) is an American non-commercial educational radio station intended to serve the community of Moundville, Alabama. The station is owned and operated by TBTA Ministries of Irondale, Alabama. WKUA began regular broadcast operations in February 2012 under program test authority while its broadcast license application is pending.

## Programming

WKUA broadcasts a Christian Rock/Rap radio format in conjunction with sister stations WKRE (88.1 FM, Argo, Alabama) and WJHO (89.7 FM, Alexander City, Alabama)

## History

In October 2007, Kenneth M. Layton's TBTA Ministries of Irondale, Alabama, applied to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) for a construction permit for a new broadcast radio station. The FCC granted this permit on February 3, 2009, with a scheduled expiration date of February 3, 2012.

In May 2009, TBTA Ministries contracted to transfer the permit for this station to Jimmy Jarrell's Alabama Christian Radio, Inc. The FCC conditionally approved the deal on July 16, 2009, but the transaction was apparently never consummated.

The new station was assigned call sign "WKUA" on December 21, 2011. After construction and testing were completed, the station applied for its broadcast license on February 3, 2012. The Commission accepted the application for filing on February 6, 2012, but as of February 22, 2012, they have taken no further action.

## InfoBox

WKUA
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Frequency | 88.5 MHz |
| Programming | |
| Language(s) | English |
| Format | Christian Rock/Rap |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | * (TBTA Ministries) |
| History | |
| First air date | February 2012 |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 171636 |
| Class | A |
| ERP | 5,500 watts (vertical)<br>1 watt (horizontal) |
| HAAT | 83 meters (272 ft) |
| Transmitter coordinates | 34°04′00″N 87°42′01″W / 34.06667°N 87.70028°W / 34.06667; -87.70028 |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Webcast | http://myrevradio.com/live |
| Website | http://www.myrevradio.com |


title: WGTK

abstract:
WGTK may refer to:
  - WGTK (AM), a radio station licensed to serve Louisville, Kentucky, United States
  - WKVG (FM), a radio station licensed to serve Greenville, South Carolina, United States, which held the call sign WGTK-FM from 2013 to 2023
  - WWFY, a radio station licensed to serve Berlin, Vermont, United States, which held the call sign WGTK from 1991 to 1999
  - WFWM, a radio station licensed to serve Frostburg, Maryland, United States, which held the call sign WGTK in 1984

text:
# WGTK

**WGTK** may refer to:

* WGTK (AM), a radio station (970 AM) licensed to serve Louisville, Kentucky, United States
* WKVG (FM), a radio station (94.5 FM) licensed to serve Greenville, South Carolina, United States, which held the call sign WGTK-FM from 2013 to 2023
* WWFY, a radio station (100.9 FM) licensed to serve Berlin, Vermont, United States, which held the call sign WGTK from 1991 to 1999
* WFWM, a radio station (91.9 FM) licensed to serve Frostburg, Maryland, United States, which held the call sign WGTK in 1984


title: Meera Mukherjee

abstract: Meera Mukherjee (1923–1998) was an Indian sculptor and writer, known for bringing modernity to the ancient Bengali sculpting art. She is known to have used innovative bronze casting techniques, improving the Dhokra method employing Lost-wax casting, which she learnt during her training days of the Bastar sculpting tradition of Chhattisgarh. She received the fourth highest civilian award of the Padma Shri from the Government of India in 1992 for her contributions to Arts.

text:
# Meera Mukherjee

**Meera Mukherjee** (1923–1998) was an Indian sculptor and writer, known for bringing modernity to the ancient Bengali sculpting art. She is known to have used innovative bronze casting techniques, improving the Dhokra method employing Lost-wax casting, which she learnt during her training days of the Bastar sculpting tradition of Chhattisgarh. She received the fourth highest civilian award of the Padma Shri from the Government of India in 1992 for her contributions to Arts.

## Early life and education

Meera Mukherjee, born in Kolkata to Dwijendramohan Mukherjee and Binapani Devi in 1923, had her initial training in Arts at the *Indian Society of Oriental Art* of Abanindranath Tagore where she stayed till her marriage in 1941. The marriage was short-lived and Mukherjee, after the divorce, resumed her art studies by joining the Government College of Art and Craft, Kolkata and the Delhi Polytechnic, Delhi (present day Delhi Technological University) and secured diploma in painting, graphics and sculpture. Later, she assisted Affandi, an Indonesian artist, during his visit to Shantiniketan in 1951. Following here first solo exhibition in 1952, she received an Indo-German Fellowship in 1953 to hone her skills at the Academy of Fine Arts, Munich. This gave her opportunities to work under Toni Stadler and Heinrich Kirchner. It was the former who supported Mukherjee's transition from a painter to a sculptor. She returned to India in 1957 and took up the job as an art teacher at Dowhill School, Kurseong where she stayed till 1959. From here, she moved to Pratt Memorial School, Kolkata and taught there for one year, before resigning in 1960.

## Career and influences

After her return to India, Mukherjee was commissioned by the Anthropological Survey of India (ASI) to document the craft practices of metal-craftsmen in Central India. From 1961 up until 1964, she worked as a Senior Research Fellowship at the ASI and continued to conduct surveys on metal-craftsmen across India and Nepal. Her journey in India spread across the tribal heartland in the state of Madhya Pradesh, the east and the south. She was on a quest to discover the confluence of art forms with the daily lives of the artisans. During her tenure as a Senior Fellow, she was also closely associated with the promoters of 'living traditions' such as Prabash Sen and Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay.

The research and documentation carried out by Mukherjee gradually turned her into an 'artist-anthropologist'. She began incorporating the folk-art techniques into her own work. Her inclination towards folk arts of India was initially influenced by Stadler. He had asked Meera to find inspiration for her art not in Europe, but in the local traditions of her own country.

Mukherjee trained in Dhokra casting technique under the tribal artisans of Bastar of Chhattisgarh.

By the 1970s and 80s, she started exhibiting her works at Kolkata and Delhi along with Germany, the United Kingdom and Japan.

Known to create only a few pieces a year, she created many notable works like *Ashoka in Kalinga*, *Earth Carriers*, *Smiths Working Under a Tree*, *Mother and Child*, *Srishti*, *The Rumour* and *portrait of Nirmal Sengupta*. One of her creations, *Emperor Asoka* is on display at the Nandiya Gardens of ITC Maurya, New Delhi. Her works have featured in many international auctions such as that of Christie's and Invaluable. Simultaneously, she pursued a career as a writer of children's stories and published a few books, *Little Flower Shefali and Other Stories*, *Kalo and the Koel* and *Catching Fish and Other Stories* being some of the notable ones. She also published one monograph, *Metal Craft in India* in 1978, and two books on the traditional metal craft in India namely *Metal Craftsmen in India* in 1979 and *In Search of Viswakarma* in 1994.

Meera Mukherjee died in 1998, at the age of 75.

## Awards and honours

Mukherjee received the Press Award for the Master Craftsman, in 1968, from the President of India. An Emeritus Fellow of the Indian government, she received the Excellence Award from Kolkata Ladies’ Study Group in 1976 and the Abanindra Prize in 1981 from the Government of West Bengal. She held the fellowship from the Ministry of Culture from 1984 to 1986. The Government of India awarded her the civilian honour of the Padma Shri in 1992.

## Bibliography

* Mukherjee, Meera (1998). *Little Flower Shefali and Other Stories*. Seagull Books. p. 52. ISBN 978-8170461791.
* Mukherjee, Meera (1998). *Kalo and the Koel*. Seagull Books. p. 32. ISBN 978-8170461548.
* Mukherjee, Meera (2000). *Little Flower Shefali and Other Stories*. Seagull Books. p. 51. ISBN 978-8170461807.
* Mukherjee, Meera (1978). *Metal Craftsmen in India*. Anthropological Survey of India. p. 461.
* Mukherjee, Meera (1979). *Metal Craft in India*. Anthropological Survey of India.
* Mukherjee, Meera (1994). *In Search of Viswakarma*. p. 120.
* Mukherjee, Meera; Ghosh, D. P. (1977). *Folk Metal Craft of Eastern India*. All India Handicrafts Board, Ministry of Commerce, Government of India.

## InfoBox

| Meera Mukherjee | |
| --- | --- |
| Meera Mukherejee | |
| Born | 1923
Kolkata, West Bengal, India |
| Died | 1998 |
| Nationality | Indian |
| Alma mater | Government College of Art and Craft, Delhi Polytechnic (now Delhi Technological University) |
| Known for | Sculpture |
| Parent(s) | Dwijendramohan Mukherjee
Binapani Devi |
| Awards | Padma Shri
Press Award
Kolkata Ladies’ Study Group Award
Abanindra Prize |


title: WNEX-FM

abstract: WNEX-FM is an FM radio station serving the middle Georgia area with an Americana format. Licensed to Perry, Georgia, United States, the station serves the Macon, Georgia area, broadcasting on 100.9 MHz and is owned by Creek Media.

text:
# WNEX-FM

**WNEX-FM** is an FM radio station serving the middle Georgia area with an Americana format. Licensed to Perry, Georgia, United States, the station serves the Macon, Georgia area, broadcasting on 100.9 MHz and is owned by Creek Media.

32°33′22″N 83°44′13″W / 32.556°N 83.737°W / 32.556; -83.737

## InfoBox

WNEX-FM
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Broadcast area | Macon and Vicinity |
| Frequency | 100.9 MHz |
| Branding | The Creek 100.9FM |
| Programming | |
| Format | Americana |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | * Wes Griffith, Ron Evans, and Tony Doolin * (Creek Media, LLC) |
| Sister stations | WDDO |
| History | |
| First air date | 1966 |
| Former call signs | WPGA-FM (1966–2015) |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 54726 |
| Class | A |
| ERP | 3,300 watts |
| HAAT | 136 meters |
| Translator(s) | W275CC (102.9 MHz, Macon) |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Website | http://www.thecreekfm.com |


title: WMBA

abstract: WMBA is a commercial radio station based in Beaver County, Pennsylvania. It used to simulcast a news/talk radio format with WBVP. On September 16, 2023, WMBA switched to a country-rock hybrid called The Beaver. The station is owned by St. Barnabas Broadcasting, Inc., a division of the Saint Barnabas Health System. The studios and offices are on Seventh Avenue in Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania. WMBA transmits with 110 watts during the daytime and 120 watts during the nighttime, using a non-direction antenna, and is licensed to Ambridge, Pennsylvania.

text:
# WMBA

**WMBA** (1460 AM) is a commercial radio station based in Beaver County, Pennsylvania. It used to simulcast a news/talk radio format with WBVP. On September 16, 2023, WMBA switched to a country-rock hybrid called The Beaver. The station is owned by St. Barnabas Broadcasting, Inc., a division of the Saint Barnabas Health System. The studios and offices are on Seventh Avenue in Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania.

WMBA transmits with 110 watts during the daytime and 120 watts during the nighttime, using a non-direction antenna, and is licensed to Ambridge, Pennsylvania.

## Programming

The station currently airs a country/rock hybrid format as the Beaver.

## History

WMBA station signed on the air in 1957. Miners Broadcasting Service, Inc., headquartered in Pottsville, Pennsylvania, put WMBA on the air as a 500-watt daytimer with its towers located in Bell Acres, Pennsylvania and studio in Ambridge, Pennsylvania.

The station was sold in 1970 to John Bride, a former Pittsburgh television advertising salesman. His Bride Broadcasting, Inc. instituted a more contemporary format, including local talk shows and Top 40 music after 4 p.m. during the week and on weekends. Bride continued to own and operate the station even after he moved his base of operations to Maine, where he owned other radio stations. Bride finally sold the station to Donn Communications in 1986 and the studios and offices moved from a converted house at 291 14th Street in Ambridge to a storefront at 761 Merchant Street in Ambridge's business district. In 1988, FCC approval was granted and new towers were constructed at the transmitter site to allow for WMBA to broadcast 24 around the clock, using a directional antenna.

In 1960, WBVP was joined by a 16,500-watt FM sister station at 106.7 MHz, that was first known as WBVP-FM. The station underwent a huge transformation in 1975. It gained approval from the FCC to increase power to 47,000 watts and broadcast from a much taller, newly constructed, 517-foot guyed tower in Pulaski Township, Pennsylvania. It switched its call letters to WWKS, and becoming best known throughout the 1970s and ’80s as "Kiss FM".

In 1994, WWKS flipped to a hard rock format and became branded as "The Force". When the FCC relaxed its station ownership rules in the mid-1990s, the successful FM station became an attractive acquisition for another radio group operating stations in Pittsburgh. That led to WWKS being separated from WBVP in 1995, when Pittsburgh Radio Partners sold the asset to Secret Communications, eventually becoming part of Clear Channel Communications. After a couple more transactions, call letters and format changes through the years, today it is operated by St. John's Mission as Pittsburgh station WAOB-FM.

Following the 1995 sale of WWKS, WBVP was sold in a spin-off transaction to Frank Iorio, Jr, and his company Iorio Broadcasting, Inc. Iorio, Jr. was one of the partners involved with Pittsburgh Radio Partners. For the next 24 years, there would be no F.M. broadcasting at the stations' headquarters in Beaver Falls. That changed in August 2019, when a translator station for WBVP, (W257EA) at 99.3 F.M., was added to the mix. The new F.M. allocation broadcasts at a height of 492' mounted to same Pulaski Township tower. Both radio stations continue to simulcast a wide variety of local news, sports and talk programming.

### Merger between WBVP and WMBA

In May 2000, WMBA owner Donn Wuycik, president of Donn Communications, entered into an agreement to sell WMBA to Iorio Broadcasting, for an undisclosed amount.

Since 2000, though, they have been under single ownership and WMBA's operations were moved from 761 Merchant Street in Ambridge into WBVP's existing facilities at 1316 Seventh Avenue in Beaver Falls. WBVP and WMBA, which aired separate talk formats with nostalgia and adult contemporary music, respectively, began to duplicate more of each other's programming as time evolved, and today the stations are nearly 100 percent simulcast. The exceptions are usually confined to high school sports, where each station will air live play-by-play of a game significant to its community.

Frank Iorio wanted to concentrate on his new Pittsburgh acquisition, WJAS, a transaction which he would successfully complete in the summer of 2014. Longtime WBVP and WMBA general manager Mark Peterson had aspired to acquire a station of his own, and Iorio arranged to sell the station to Peterson and his wife. Both WBVP and WMBA were sold to Peterson's newly formed company, Sound Ideas Media, LLC for $750,000 in a transaction that was consummated on February 28, 2014.

On September 7, 2021, the stations were acquired by St. Barnabas Broadcasting, a division of the Saint Barnabas Health System, making them sister stations to WJAS.

### Past personalities

WMBA has served as a springboard for on-air personnel who have moved on to bigger stations. Among those who served at WMBA are Bob Pompeani (Beaver County Sports Hall of Fame), Jim Merkel, Guy Junker, Ted Ruscitti (who owned WBVP during the 80's), Jim Ladd, Kevin Maguire, Ray Fallen, Woody Lester, Dave Stevens (Posmoga), Rick Pantale (Pantaleo), Dave Justice (Benard), T.J. Jamison (Jim Green), Dave Denniston, Roy Angst, Frank Greenlee, John Poister, Tim Herrera, Rick Bergman, Al McDowell, Julie Bologna, Randy Cosgrove, Don Shields, Debbie Smith (Debbie Kwei), Dan Dunlap, Gene Romano and John Mehno. Other notable WMBA staffers include Rob Matzie, who in 2008, was elected as a State Representative in Pennsylvania's 16th District.

40°44′16″N 80°17′47″W / 40.73778°N 80.29639°W / 40.73778; -80.29639

## InfoBox

WMBA
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Broadcast area | Beaver County |
| Frequency | 1460 kHz |
| Branding | *95.7 The Beaver* |
| Programming | |
| Format | Countryrock hybrid |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | St. Barnabas Broadcasting, Inc. |
| Sister stations | WJAS, WBUT, WLER-FM, WISR, WBVP |
| History | |
| First air date | 1956 |
| Call sign meaning | Miners Broadcasting |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 17266 |
| Class | B |
| Power | 110 watts day<br>120 watts night |
| Translator(s) | 95.7 W239CR (Ambridge) |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Webcast | Listen Live |
| Website | beavercountyradio.com |


title: WMBC-LP

abstract: WMBC-LP was a radio station licensed to Norton Shores, Michigan, United States. The station was owned by Maranatha Bible And Missionary Conference. On June 1, 2012, the station's license was cancelled and its call sign deleted by the Federal Communications Commission from its database, per the licensee's request.

text:
# WMBC-LP

**WMBC-LP** (100.9 FM) was a radio station licensed to Norton Shores, Michigan, United States. The station was owned by Maranatha Bible And Missionary Conference.

On June 1, 2012, the station's license was cancelled and its call sign deleted by the Federal Communications Commission from its database, per the licensee's request.

## InfoBox

WMBC-LP
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Frequency | 100.9 MHz |
| Programming | |
| Format | Defunct |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Maranatha Bible And Missionary Conference |
| History | |
| First air date | 2004 (2004) |
| Call sign meaning | Maranatha Bible Conference |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 126701 |
| Class | L1 |
| ERP | 62 watts |
| HAAT | 38.1 meters (125 ft) |
| Transmitter coordinates | 43°09′52″N 86°17′30″W / 43.16444°N 86.29167°W / 43.16444; -86.29167 |
| Links | |
| Public license information | LMS |


title: Meligramma triangulifera

abstract: Meligramma triangulifera is a European species of hoverfly. It was described by Zetterstedt in 1843.

text:
# Meligramma triangulifera

***Meligramma triangulifera*** is a European species of hoverfly. It was described by Zetterstedt in 1843.

## InfoBox

| *Meligramma triangulifera* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| adult and larva | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Syrphidae |
| Genus: | *Meligramma* |
| Species: | ***M. triangulifera*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Meligramma triangulifera***<br>(Zetterstedt, 1843) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
|  | |


title: Melih Abdulhayoğlu

abstract: Melih Abdulhayoğlu is the CEO of MAVeCap, an incubator Venture Capital firm funded by his family office. MAVeCap focusses on building tomorrow's technology platform companies. His first company was Comodo. The firm is now branded as Sectigo.

text:
# Melih Abdulhayoğlu

**Melih Abdulhayoğlu** (born 10 March 1968) is the CEO of MAVeCap, an incubator Venture Capital firm funded by his family office. MAVeCap focusses on building tomorrow's technology platform companies. His first company was Comodo. The firm is now branded as Sectigo.

## Early life

Melih Abdulhayoglu was born in Turkey, where he studied at Hatay high-school. At the age of 18, he moved to the United Kingdom, where he earned a Bachelor of Science in Electronic Engineering from the University of Bradford in 1991.

## Career

Abdulhayoglu is the founder of Comodo, an internet security company, and established the industry standards organization CA/Browser Forum in 2005, initially to promote new standards that resulted in the creation of Extended Validation SSL Certificates.

In 2009, Abdulhayoglu organized the Common Computing Security Standards Forum, initially to deal with the problem of faux antivirus software being used by cyber-criminals.

Abdulhayoglu features in Forbes Turkey's 12th "100 Richest Turks" list, announced in March 2017. Forbes announced that he is estimated net worth of US$1.6 billion as of April 2018.

## InfoBox

| Melih Abdulhayoglu | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1968-03-10) 10 March 1968
Hatay, Turkey |
| Nationality | American, Turkish |
| Alma mater | University of Bradford (UK)
BS Electronic Engineering, 1991 |
| Occupation(s) | Technologist, Entrepreneur |
| Known for | Founder & Chairman of Comodo |
| Website | melih.com |


title: Mefatha

abstract: Mefatha is a town and commune in Médéa Province, Algeria. According to the 1998 census, it has a population of 4,442.

text:
# Mefatha

**Mefatha** is a town and commune in Médéa Province, Algeria. According to the 1998 census, it has a population of 4,442.

35°53′01″N 2°55′54″E / 35.88361°N 2.93167°E / 35.88361; 2.93167

## InfoBox

| Mefatha | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune and town | |
| Country | Algeria |
| Province | Médéa Province |
| Population (1998) | |
| Total | 4,442 |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |


title: Mefele language

abstract: Mefele is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in northern Cameroon. Dialects are Mefele, Muhura, Serak, and Shugule. Blench (2006) considers Shugule (Shügule) a separate language.

text:
# Mefele language

**Mefele** is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in northern Cameroon. Dialects are Mefele, Muhura, Serak, and Shugule. Blench (2006) considers Shugule (Shügule) a separate language.

## Names

The speakers of the Mefele language (more than 10,000 speakers) are often included with the Mafa people by the Cameroonian government. However, they themselves do not call themselves Mafa, and the Mafa often refer to them as *Bélahay* (*hay* is a plural marker), which is often mentioned in the literature as *Boulahay*.

## Distribution

The Mefele area is divided into two areas separated by the town of Mokolo, which is dominated by the Mafa. The Mefele live in parts of the town of Mokolo (commune of Mokolo, department of Mayo-Tsanaga, Far North Region). The larger Mefele area is in the south and southeast and includes the villages of Sirak and Mouhour. The smaller Mefele area, 10 km to the northwest, includes the village of Sougoulé. Most of the Mefele (probably the children to a lesser extent) understand and speak Mafa, and so are generally bilingual in Mafa.

## InfoBox

| Mefele | |
| --- | --- |
| Native to | Cameroon |
| Region | Far North Province |
| Native speakers | 11,000 (2002) |
| Language family | Afro-Asiatic |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | `mfj` |
| *Glottolog* | `mefe1242` |


title: Melanoseps

abstract: Melanoseps is a genus of lizards, known commonly as limbless skinks, in the family Scincidae. The genus is endemic to Sub-Saharan Africa.

text:
# Melanoseps

***Melanoseps*** is a genus of lizards, known commonly as **limbless skinks**, in the family Scincidae. The genus is endemic to Sub-Saharan Africa.

## Species

The following eight species are recognized as being valid.

*Nota bene*: A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than *Melanoseps*.

## Further reading

* Boulenger GA (1887). *Catalogue of the Lizards in the British Museum (Natural History). Second Edition. Volume III. ... Scincidæ ...* London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, printers). xii + 575 pp. + Plates I-XL. (*Melanoseps*, new genus, p. 422).

## InfoBox

| *Melanoseps* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Family: | Scincidae |
| Subfamily: | Scincinae |
| Genus: | *Melanoseps*<br>Boulenger, 1887 |
|


title: Melanoseps loveridgei

abstract: Loveridge's limbless skink is an extant species of skink, a lizard in the family Scincidae. The species is found in Tanzania and Zambia.

text:
# Melanoseps loveridgei

**Loveridge's limbless skink** (***Melanoseps loveridgei***) is an extant species of skink, a lizard in the family Scincidae. The species is found in Tanzania and Zambia.

## Etymology

The specific name, *loveridgei*, is in honor of British herpetologist Arthur Loveridge.

## InfoBox

| *Melanoseps loveridgei* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Family: | Scincidae |
| Genus: | *Melanoseps* |
| Species: | ***M. loveridgei*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Melanoseps loveridgei***<br>Brygoo & Roux-Estève, 1982 | |
|


title: Melrose station

abstract: Melrose station is a commuter rail stop on the Metro-North Railroad's Harlem Line, serving the Melrose neighborhood of the Bronx, New York City. It is located in an open cut beneath Park Avenue at its intersection with East 162nd Street. Service at Melrose is limited; trains stop approximately every half-hour during rush hours and every hour all other times.

text:
# Melrose station

**Melrose station** (also known as **Melrose–East 162nd Street station**) is a commuter rail stop on the Metro-North Railroad's Harlem Line, serving the Melrose neighborhood of the Bronx, New York City. It is located in an open cut beneath Park Avenue at its intersection with East 162nd Street. Service at Melrose is limited; trains stop approximately every half-hour during rush hours and every hour all other times.

## History

### Original station

A station along the New York and Harlem Railroad in Melrose was known to exist as far back as 1841. When Melrose station was rebuilt by the New York Central Railroad (NYC) in the late 19th century, it contained a station house as a bridge over all four tracks, with two island platforms. Similar structures were built for the former Morrisania Station, as well as Tremont Station.

### Planned closure

As with other NYC stations in the Bronx, the station became a Penn Central station once the NYC and Pennsylvania Railroads merged in 1968. However, because of the railroad's serious financial distress following the merger, commuter service was turned over to the Metropolitan Transportation Authority in 1972. Penn Central was acquired by Conrail in 1976, and the line and station were completely turned over to Metro-North Railroad on January 1, 1983.

In 1988, the station was nearly closed due to the station's low daily ridership of 20 riders in the morning and 20 in the evening, and the adjacent Tremont station would have been closed on weekends. On February 26, 1988, the MTA board approved plans to close the station. A spokesman for Metro-North said that the station was being "land banked" and was being boarded up, allowing it to be reopened if ridership increased. The decision was strongly opposed by Bronx Borough President Fernando Ferrer, who said that the agency created a self-fulfilling prophecy by failing to promote the station and by not maintaining it. Service at the station was very infrequent, and as a result local residents did not consider using it. He also cited the $80 million plan to redevelop the area.

On March 30, 1988, two days before the planned closure of the station on April 1, Ferrer held a press conference with other Bronx political leaders outside the station protesting the MTA's decision. Ferrer led a tour of the station, showing its use by drug addicts, and its state of disrepair. He said that Metro-North should be working to improve the station and better market the service instead of closing it. At the time, workers were sinking cement posts to board up the station in preparation for its closing. Metro-North planned to close the station on April 1, 1988, but delayed it by ninety days at the request of Bronx officials to allow the railroad and the community to study future development plans in the area and to reconsider the future of the station. The annual maintenance cost for the station was $27,000, or more than $1,300 per rider. Melrose was removed from the April 3, 1988 timetable in anticipation of its closing but was reinstated on the June 19, 1988 timetable as the station never did close.

In July 1988, Ferrer outlined several strategies to market the station and increase ridership. These included printing flyers publicizing the station and its scheduled stops to the Melrose community, including court facilities on 161st Street, the Concourse Village complex, and the Bronx Court Building, offering commuter discounts and free round-trips on a temporary basis, posting directional signs to the station's entrance, and installing mirrors to increase safety in the station. On August 16, 1989, Metro-North announced that it had dropped plans to close the station. The station had been kept open, cleaned up, and the issue was reviewed at the request of Ferrer.

### Later changes

On July 9, 2000 service at the station and Tremont was doubled, increasing from 11 weekday trains to 25 trains, and weekend service was restored, adding 19 daily trips. $2 million was provided in the MTA's 2000–2004 Capital Program to pay for new staircases at the station. Most of that funding went to Melrose as the station was hard to find because it was located partially underneath a high-rise building. In 2006, the station was renovated, and the northbound platform was moved out from underneath the overpass to its current location.

Prior to the opening of the Yankees–East 153rd Street station on the Hudson Line in 2009, the station was the closest station on the New York Central (later Penn Central) to Yankee Stadium. Specials ran to and from the station to serve events at the stadium.

In 2012, Melrose residents expressed concern regarding the station; residents would like to see more frequent service, but track and capacity limitations hinder the amount of service available for the stop. Other concerns regarded the lack of accessibility, and the past closure of the main entrance to the stop. The main entrance was closed when the community was at the height of its turmoil, but as the community has regained its footing the desire to have the station open to the primary commercial street, 161st Street, has grown.

## Station layout

The station has two offset high-level side platforms, each two cars long, serving the outer tracks of the four-track line. reached by stairway from East 162nd Street and Courtland Avenue. When trains stop at the station, normally the front two open cars receive and discharge passengers. The southbound platform is located underneath East 162nd Street and the New York City Housing Authority's Morrisania Air Rights public housing project. The station is located just south of a former wye with the northern terminus of the former Port Morris Branch.

Media related to Melrose station at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Melrose | |
| --- | --- |
| Melrose station in January 2008 | |
| General information | |
| Location | 3231 Park Avenue<br>Melrose, Bronx, New York |
| Coordinates | 40°49′33″N 73°54′55″W / 40.8257°N 73.9154°W / 40.8257; -73.9154 |
| Line(s) | Harlem Line |
| Platforms | 2 side platforms |
| Tracks | 4 |
| Connections | New York City Bus: Bx6, Bx6 SBS, Bx13, Bx32, Bx41, Bx41 SBS |
| Other information | |
| Fare zone | 2 |
| History | |
| Opened | c. 1841 |
| Passengers | |
|  | |
|  | |
| 2018 | 311 (Metro-North) |
| Rank | 84 of 109 |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station  Metro-North Railroad Following station  Harlem–125th Streettoward Grand Central  Harlem Line  Tremonttoward North White Plains  New Haven Line does not stop here | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Former services   Preceding station New York Central Railroad Following station  138th Streettoward New York  Harlem Division  Morrisaniatoward Chatham | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | |


title: WAJP

abstract:
WAJP, "Radio Amigo" is an American radio station licensed to serve the community of Perry, Florida, USA. The station was assigned the call sign "WAJP" by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) on August 26, 2009.
The station, established in 2009, is owned by Hispanic Target Media, Inc. As of July 2010, WAJP is one of eight radio stations licensed to Hispanic Target Media with four in Texas and one each in New Mexico, Virginia, Arizona, and Florida. WAJP broadcasts a Regional Mexican format branded as "Radio Amigo". The station launched in late 2009 with the "Radio Amigo" Spanish language format but flipped to a country music format branded as "Bronco 107" in January 2011. A short time later the station went dark for unknown reasons.
In mid 2013 WAJP returned to the air and flipped back to Regional Mexican, now simulcasting 95.9 KUKY-FM in Yuma, AZ.

text:
# WAJP

**WAJP** (107.7 FM), "Radio Amigo" is an American radio station licensed to serve the community of Perry, Florida, USA. The station was assigned the call sign "WAJP" by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) on August 26, 2009. The station, established in 2009, is owned by Hispanic Target Media, Inc. As of July 2010, WAJP is one of eight radio stations licensed to Hispanic Target Media with four in Texas and one each in New Mexico, Virginia, Arizona, and Florida.

WAJP broadcasts a Regional Mexican format branded as "Radio Amigo". The station launched in late 2009 with the "Radio Amigo" Spanish language format but flipped to a country music format branded as "Bronco 107" in January 2011. A short time later the station went dark for unknown reasons. In mid 2013 WAJP returned to the air and flipped back to Regional Mexican, now simulcasting 95.9 KUKY-FM in Yuma, AZ.

## InfoBox

WAJP
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Frequency | 107.7 MHz |
| Branding | *Radio Amigo* |
| Programming | |
| Language(s) | Spanish |
| Format | Regional Spanish |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Hispanic Target Media, Inc. |
| History | |
| First air date | 2009 |
| Former call signs | KRIK (2009) |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 165981 |
| Class | C3 |
| ERP | 9,400 watts |
| HAAT | 93.6 meters (307 ft) |
| Transmitter coordinates | 30°07′35.2″N 83°36′28.5″W / 30.126444°N 83.607917°W / 30.126444; -83.607917 |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Webcast | Listen here |
| Website | WAJP Online |


title: Mellow Waves

abstract: .mw-parser-output.tracklist{border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output.tracklist tr{background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff)}.mw-parser-output.tracklist tr:nth-child(2n-1){background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output.tracklist caption{text-align:left;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output.tracklist td,.mw-parser-output.tracklist th[scope="row"]{vertical-align:top}.mw-parser-output.tracklist th[scope="col"]{text-align:left;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)}.mw-parser-output.tracklist th.tracklist-length-header,.mw-parser-output.tracklist th.tracklist-number-header,.mw-parser-output.tracklist th[scope="row"],.mw-parser-output.tracklist-length,.mw-parser-output.tracklist-total-length td{padding-right:10px;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output.tracklist th[scope="row"]{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output.tracklist-number-header{width:2em;padding-left:10px}.mw-parser-output.tracklist-length-header{width:4em}.mw-parser-output.tracklist tr.tracklist-total-length{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output.tracklist.tracklist-total-length th{padding:0;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output.tracklist-total-length th>span{float:right;padding:0 10px;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)}.mw-parser-output.tracklist-total-length td{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);font-weight:bold;padding:0 10px 0 0} Mellow Waves is the sixth studio album by Japanese musician Cornelius. It was released on June 28, 2017 by Warner Music Japan. The album received generally positive reviews from music critics, and it reached the top ten of the Oricon Albums Chart in Japan and the Billboard World Albums chart in the United States.

text:
# Mellow Waves

***Mellow Waves*** is the sixth studio album by Japanese musician Cornelius. It was released on June 28, 2017 by Warner Music Japan. The album received generally positive reviews from music critics, and it reached the top ten of the Oricon Albums Chart in Japan and the *Billboard* World Albums chart in the United States.

## Background and composition

After releasing his fifth studio album under the Cornelius moniker, 2006's *Sensuous*, Keigo Oyamada worked on a number of projects, including a collaboration with J-pop singer Salyu that resulted in the 2011 album *S(o)un(d)beams*, which was credited under the name Salyu × Salyu. Oyamada composed soundtracks for educational TV programs and the *Ghost in the Shell: Arise* anime series. He toured with Yoko Ono and Yellow Magic Orchestra and produced remixes for Philip Glass and Sakanaction. Oyamada also joined the electro supergroup Metafive, whose lineup includes Yoshinori Sunahara, Yukihiro Takahashi, Towa Tei, and others.

Oyamada explained to *The Japan Times* in 2016 that he was interested in recording a new solo album because, among other reasons, he did not have many opportunities to sing within his collaborative endeavors. He was also inspired by the amount of time that had elapsed since *Sensuous*. Between projects, Oyamada found time to work on his solo record. One track, "Mellow Yellow Feel", dates back to 2012. The lyrics for two of the album's songs, "If You're Here" and "Dear Future Person", were written by Shintaro Sakamoto of Yura Yura Teikoku. Another song, "The Spell of a Vanishing Loveliness", was written by Miki Berenyi, who Oyamada learned a decade earlier was a distant relative.

Distinct sounds have been used to represent sonic themes on previous Cornelius albums—a glass wind chime for *Sensuous*, and water for 2001's *Point*. Oyamada said the tremolo served a similar function on *Mellow Waves*, likening the sound to that of a continuous wave. Similarly, Oyamada chose the album's cover artwork because of its wavy appearance.

## Release

*Mellow Waves* was released in Japan on June 28, 2017 by Warner Music. It peaked at number 10 on the national Oricon Albums Chart. In advance of the album, two 7-inch singles were issued. The first single, "If You're Here", was released on April 26, 2017, and its music video, directed by Koichiro Tsujikawa, was released in May. The second single, "Sometime / Someplace", was released on May 24, followed the next month by its music video, directed by Yugo Nakamura.

On July 21, 2017, *Mellow Waves* was released worldwide by Rostrum Records. In the United States, it reached number seven on the *Billboard* World Albums chart. July 2017 also saw the release of a music video for "In a Dream", directed by Groovisions, with the song itself being issued as a 7-inch single on September 27. A music video for "Dear Future Person", also directed by Groovisions, was released in January 2018. Music videos for "The Spell of a Vanishing Loveliness" and "Surfing on Mind Wave Pt. 2", both directed by Koichiro Tsujikawa, were released in March and September, respectively. On September 19, 2018, Cornelius released *Ripple Waves*, a companion album to *Mellow Waves* consisting of new songs, live tracks, and various artists' reworkings of songs from *Mellow Waves*.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings
| Aggregate scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AnyDecentMusic? | 7.1/10 |
| Metacritic | 74/100 |
| Review scores | |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *The A.V. Club* | B |
| *Financial Times* |  |
| *The Independent* |  |
| *Mojo* |  |
| *Pitchfork* | 7.7/10 |
| *PopMatters* | 7/10 |
| *Record Collector* |  |
| *Uncut* | 7/10 |
| *Under the Radar* | 8/10 |

*Mellow Waves* received generally positive reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 74, based on 18 reviews.

Reviewing the album, AllMusic's Heather Phares wrote, "Despite its calm demeanor, *Mellow Waves* is nearly as intricate as Cornelius' previous albums, and its masterful ebb and flow just gets richer with each listen." Andy Gill of *The Independent* found that "it's the overall cool/warm Tropicalismo tone that's most engaging" about the album. Stephen Wyatt of *Under the Radar* observed that "what it lacks in frenetic playfulness it makes up in melody and orchestration."

*Pitchfork*'s Jesse Jarnow called it "as subdued an album as Oyamada has made", while adding that "thankfully 'subdued,' by Cornelius's standards, still entails unceasing rhythmic invention, perhaps the central musical theme of his career." Tanner Smith of *PopMatters* said: "*Mellow Waves*'s mellowness is more in the eye of the beholder. As nice as the vibe is, there is a high level of mental activity here that definitely put it into a more experimental arena than the soft sounds might imply."

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Keigo Oyamada, except where noted

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "If You're Here" (あなたがいるなら) |  | 6:12 |
| 2. | "Sometime / Someplace" (いつか / どこか) |  | 3:49 |
| 3. | "Dear Future Person" (未来の人へ) | * Oyamada * Sakamoto | 4:38 |
| 4. | "Surfing on Mind Wave Pt. 2" |  | 5:34 |
| 5. | "In a Dream" (夢の中で) |  | 4:14 |
| 6. | "Helix / Spiral" |  | 3:35 |
| 7. | "Mellow Yellow Feel" |  | 4:38 |
| 8. | "The Spell of a Vanishing Loveliness" |  | 3:01 |
| 9. | "The Rain Song" |  | 2:49 |
| 10. | "Crépuscule" |  | 3:29 |
| Total length: | | | 41:59 |

## Personnel

Credits are adapted from the album's liner notes.

## Charts

| Chart (2017–2018) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Japanese Albums (Oricon) | 10 |
| Japanese Hot Albums (*Billboard Japan*) | 8 |
| US Dance/Electronic Album Sales (*Billboard*) | 7 |
| US World Albums (*Billboard*) | 7 |

## InfoBox

| Mellow Waves | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Cornelius | |
| Released | June 28, 2017 (2017-06-28) |
| Genre | Ambient pop |
| Length | 41:59 |
| Label | Warner |
| Producer | Keigo Oyamada |
| Cornelius chronology | |
| *Sensuous*
(2006) ***Mellow Waves***
(2017) *Dream in Dream*
(2023) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Mellow Waves* | |
| 1. "If You're Here"
Released: April 26, 2017 2. "Sometime / Someplace"
Released: May 24, 2017 3. "In a Dream"
Released: September 27, 2017 | |
|  | |


title: WS-SecureConversation

abstract: WS-SecureConversation is a Web Services specification, created by IBM and others, that works in conjunction with WS-Security, WS-Trust and WS-Policy to allow the creation and sharing of security contexts. Extending the use cases of WS-Security, the purpose of WS-SecureConversation is to establish security contexts for multiple SOAP message exchanges, reducing the overhead of key establishment.

text:
# WS-SecureConversation

**WS-SecureConversation** is a Web Services specification, created by IBM and others, that works in conjunction with WS-Security, WS-Trust and WS-Policy to allow the creation and sharing of security contexts. Extending the use cases of WS-Security, the purpose of WS-SecureConversation is to establish security contexts for multiple SOAP message exchanges, reducing the overhead of key establishment.

## Features

* Establish a new security context in following modes:
    + Security context token created by a security token service (WS-Trust STS)
    + Security context token created by one of the communicating parties and propagated with a message
    + Security context token created through negotiation/exchanges
* Renew security context
* Amend Security context (add claims)
* Cancel security context
* Derive key: parties may use different keys per side and function (sign/encrypt), and change keys frequently to prevent cryptographic attacks
* Maintain high secure context

WS-SecureConversation is meant to provide an extensible framework and a flexible syntax, with which one could implement various security mechanisms. It does not by itself guarantee security, but the implementor has to ensure that the result is not vulnerable to any attack.

## Pros/Cons

Following a pattern similar to TLS, WS-SecureConversation establishes a kind of session key. The processing overhead for key establishment is reduced significantly when compared to WS-Security in the case of frequent message exchanges. However, a new layer is put on top of WS-Security, that implies other WS-\* protocols like WS-Addressing and WS-Trust. So the importance of performance has to be compared to the added complexity and dependencies. See the performance section in WS-Security.

## Associated specifications

The following specifications are associated with WS-SecureConversation:

1. "Web Services Secure Conversation Language". *IBM*. Archived from the original on 2007-08-28. Retrieved 2007-07-06.


title: WAWE

abstract: WAWE is a radio station broadcasting a Christian worship music format, licensed to Glendale Heights, Illinois, United States. The station serves the Chicago Metropolitan Area and is owned by the Educational Media Foundation, broadcasting its Air1 format.

text:
# WAWE

**WAWE** (94.3 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a Christian worship music format, licensed to Glendale Heights, Illinois, United States. The station serves the Chicago Metropolitan Area and is owned by the Educational Media Foundation, broadcasting its Air1 format.

## History

### WRMN-FM

The station began broadcasting in September 1960 and held the call sign WRMN-FM, simulcasting AM 1410 WRMN. The station was located in Elgin, Illinois, and had an ERP of 1,000 watts at a HAAT of 130 feet (40 m). By 1965, the station had begun airing programming independent of AM 1410. In 1965, the station's ERP was increased to 3,000 watts and its HAAT was decreased to 115 feet (35 m). In 1972, the station's HAAT was increased to 210 feet (64 m) and its ERP was reduced to 2,500 watts.

### Progressive rock era

In 1972, the station adopted the call letters WJKL, which was based on the name of the station manager at the time, Richard Jakle. In 1974, WJKL adopted a progressive rock format, and was branded "The Fox". In 1975, the station's ERP was increased to 3,000 watts. In July 1980, the station dropped all local talent becoming fully automated, airing an album-oriented rock format. Live personalities were brought back in April 1981.

### Big band era

In September 1982, the station adopted a big band/adult standards format, with the branding "JKL 94" "Great Music". The station featured music from the 1930s, 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s. *When Radio Was*, hosted by Carl Amari, aired nightly on the station. In 1984, the station's HAAT was increased to 328 feet (100 m).

### Adult contemporary era

In May 1990, WJKL adopted an adult contemporary format and revived "The Fox" branding. The station carried programming from the Satellite Music Network, along with local programs such as the *Radio Shopping Show*. In 1990, the station's ERP was increased to 6,000 watts. In 1998, the station added brokered programming at night.

### One on One Sports

On March 1, 1999, became a brokered affiliate of One on One Sports (later called Sporting News Radio), airing One on One Sports programming from 6 a.m. to 4 p.m. One on One Sports moved to the station from AM 950 WIDB.

### K-Love

On March 1, 2001, Sporting News Radio moved to AM 820 WYPA, and the station began to sell its airtime to Educational Media Foundation which broadcast its K-LOVE Christian adult contemporary format. In 2007, Elgin Broadcasting Company sold WJKL to Educational Media Foundation for $17 million.

After purchasing the station in 2007, Educational Media Foundation changed WJKL's city of license from Elgin to Glendale Heights. In 2010, the station's transmitter was moved from Elgin to the Oakbrook Terrace Tower in Oakbrook Terrace, Illinois, moving to a higher location closer to Chicago, while reducing its power to 3,500 watts ERP.

### Air1

On March 10, 2018, K-LOVE moved to 97.9 WLUP-FM (now WCKL). In summer of 2018, WJKL became an affiliate of Educational Media Foundation's Christian CHR network Air1. The station changed its call sign to WAWE on July 11, 2019. The WJKL callsign was moved to K-LOVE's station serving San Juan, Puerto Rico.

41°51′30″N 87°57′16″W / 41.858361°N 87.954500°W / 41.858361; -87.954500

## InfoBox

WAWE
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Broadcast area | Chicago Metropolitan Area |
| Frequency | 94.3 MHz |
| Branding | Air1 |
| Programming | |
| Format | Christian worship |
| Affiliations | Air1 |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Educational Media Foundation |
| Sister stations | WCKL, WLWX, WOKL, WSRI, WZKL |
| History | |
| First air date | September 1960 |
| Former call signs | * WRMN-FM (1960–1972) * WJKL (1972–2019) |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 19221 |
| Class | A |
| ERP | 3,500 watts |
| HAAT | 134 meters (440 ft) |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Webcast | Listen Online |
| Website | www.air1.com |


title: WWII (album)

abstract: WWII is a duet album by Waylon Jennings and Willie Nelson, released on RCA Victor in 1982.

text:
# WWII (album)

***WWII*** is a duet album by Waylon Jennings and Willie Nelson, released on RCA Victor in 1982.

## Background

By 1982, the outlaw country movement was past its peak but Jennings and Nelson, the movement's primary artists, remained two of country music's biggest superstars. Jennings had scored nine top 5 solo albums in a row, with five going to #1, between 1974 and 1982. Nelson was also enjoying his commercial prime, with his 1982 album *Always on My Mind* not only topping the *Billboard* country albums chart but also peaking at #2 on the pop albums chart. By the early 1980s, Nelson's appeal had transcended country music; his affable persona, as well as his increasing presence in films, had made him a crossover star. Jennings, who was struggling to rebuild his finances and in the throes of a crippling cocaine addiction, had seen his most recent album *Black on Black* receive lukewarm reviews, even though it had been produced by Chips Moman, who had also produced Nelson's *Always on My Mind*.

Jennings and Nelson had enjoyed some of their greatest success together. The 1976 compilation *Wanted! The Outlaws* became the first million selling country album and their 1978 album *Waylon and Willie*, released at the height of the outlaw country movement, produced the chart-topping hit "Mammas Don't Let Your Babies Grow Up to Be Cowboys." By all accounts, Jennings and Nelson were kindred spirits and close friends, but their egos did clash occasionally. In his memoir *Willie Nelson*, biographer Joe Nick Patoski quotes Nelson's ex-wife Connie: "They had such a mutual respect for each other and their music, it was like a brother bond, literally. There was always a little bit of - not jealousy - but Willie would make him \[Jennings\] feel inferior in some ways, and I think it was because of the cocaine." Asleep at the Wheel pianist Floyd Domino, who played with Jennings' band in 1983, also noticed the tension between the two legends, telling Patoski, "You could tell Waylon was bothered by Willie's success, although he said he didn't care. He'd tell audiences, 'I don't care if I'm not number one. I'll be number two.' The crowd didn't even know what he was talking about. I saw Willie on some cooking show on TV and the host said Waylon was mad at him. Willie laughed and said, 'What's he mad about today?' Waylon cared. Willie didn't."

## Recording

Although Chips Moman had produced both singers' previous albums, the sessions that comprise *WWII* date from before those records; most are from December 1981. The songs were recorded at Moman's Nashville studio and mastered at Woodland Studios with David Cherry serving as co-engineer with Moman. Whereas 1978's *Waylon and Willie* contained several previously released backing tracks upon which Nelson had overdubbed his vocals, *WWII* bears all the hallmarks of Moman's slick production. Despite being more of a "complete thought" than its predecessor, the vitality evident on *Waylon and Willie* is not as apparent on this LP; in his review of the album that can be found on AllMusic, Stephen Thomas Erlewine observes:

"In 1982, Waylon and Willie were still riding high on the country charts, but the quality of Jennings' work was beginning to slip and his sales were responding accordingly, as 1982's *Black on Black* reflected. Nelson had his biggest hit ever that year with *Always on My Mind*, but it also was his worst album to date, the first time he sounded like he couldn't be bothered...even at its best, *WWII* is nowhere near as good as Waylon and Willie are at their best, since they're coasting on reputation through most of this, a fact that's only enhanced by Moman's glossy showcase production."

Although billed as a collaborative effort, *WWII* is more of a vehicle for Jennings; Willie sings on only five of the eleven tracks - all duets - while Waylon takes the lead on the remaining six songs. The album spawned one hit, a cover of Otis Redding's "(Sittin' On) The Dock of the Bay," which peaked at #13 on the country singles charts. Despite its modest success compared to some of the duo's previous singles like "Good Hearted Woman" and "Mammas Don't Let your Babies Grow Up to Be Cowboys," the song is brilliantly interpreted and remains as good an example as any of the fellow Texans' chemistry as artists. Another highlight is "Write Your Own Songs," Nelson's diatribe of the music business and music executives in particular (*"We're making you rich and you were already lazy/So lay on your asses and get richer or write your own songs"*), whom he and Jennings had battled for years to gain control of their own records. Jennings had a hand in writing two songs: the inspirational "Roman Candles," which he composed with Michael Smotherman, and the narration "The Old Mother's Locket Trick," written with fellow outlaw Guy Clark. The Chips Moman/Bobby Emmons composition "May I Borrow Some Sugar from You" had appeared on Jennings' previous album *Black on Black*, while "The Last Cowboy Song" would resurface three years later on the first Highwaymen album. Jennings and Nelson also cover the Tom T. Hall classic story song "The Year Clayton Delaney Died."

## Reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *The Rolling Stone Album Guide* |  |

*WWII* failed to have as major an impact as *Waylon & Willie*, although it peaked at #3 on the *Billboard* country albums chart and #57 on the pop albums chart.

## Track listing

1. "Mr. Shuck and Jive" (Jimmy Webb) (Art Garfunkel cover) – 3:49
    * Duet
2. "Roman Candles" (Jennings, Michael Smotherman) – 3:04
3. "(Sittin' on) the Dock of the Bay" (Steve Cropper, Otis Redding) (Otis Redding cover) – 3:22
    * Duet
4. "The Year That Clayton Delaney Died" (Tom T. Hall) (Tom T. Hall cover) – 3:06
    * Duet
5. "Lady in the Harbor" (Jerry Allison, Sonny Curtis, Doug Gilmore) – 3:18
6. "May I Borrow Some Sugar from You" (Bobby Emmons, Chips Moman) – 3:24
7. "The Last Cowboy Song" (Ed Bruce, Ron Peterson) (Ed Bruce cover) – 2:18
8. "Heroes" (Bobby Emmons, Chips Moman) – 2:46
    * Duet
9. "The Teddy Bear Song" (Don Earl, Nick Nixon) (Barbara Fairchild cover) – 3:11
10. "Write Your Own Songs" (Nelson) – 3:14
    * Duet
11. "The Old Mother's Locket Trick" (Guy Clark) (Harold Lee cover) – 3:10

## Chart performance

| Chart (1982) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| U.S. *Billboard* Top Country Albums | 3 |
| U.S. *Billboard* 200 | 57 |
| Australia *Kent Music Report* | 92 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| United States (RIAA) | Gold | 500,000^ |
| ^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| WWII | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Waylon Jennings and Willie Nelson | |
| Released | October 1982 |
| Recorded | Moman's Studio, 1981 |
| Genre |  |
| Label | RCA Victor |
| Producer |  |
| Waylon Jennings chronology | |
| *Black on Black*
(1982) ***WWII***
(1982) *It's Only Rock & Roll*
(1983) | |


title: Melville, Pictou County, Nova Scotia

abstract: Melville is an unincorporated area in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in Pictou County. It is on Nova Scotia Trunk 6 between the communities of River John, Cape John and Toney River. It is a rural area on the Northumberland Strait to the east of Cape John. The nearest village is River John, some 5 km south, and it is there that postal, telephone and fire services are located. The nearest town is Pictou some 29 km to the east. There is a small harbour at Skinners Cove, comprising short breakwaters and wharves either side of a narrow channel. It is used mainly by the fishing industry and a few recreational boats. Recent improvements to the harbour were funded by the Government of Canada.

text:
# Melville, Pictou County, Nova Scotia

**Melville** is an unincorporated area in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in Pictou County. It is on Nova Scotia Trunk 6 between the communities of River John, Cape John and Toney River. It is a rural area on the Northumberland Strait to the east of Cape John. The nearest village is River John, some 5 km south, and it is there that postal, telephone and fire services are located. The nearest town is Pictou some 29 km to the east.

There is a small harbour at Skinners Cove, comprising short breakwaters and wharves either side of a narrow channel. It is used mainly by the fishing industry and a few recreational boats. Recent improvements to the harbour were funded by the Government of Canada.

## InfoBox

| Melville | |
| --- | --- |
| Community | |
| Melville**Location of Melville, Nova Scotia** | |
| Coordinates: 45°47′20″N 63°1′40″W / 45.78889°N 63.02778°W / 45.78889; -63.02778 | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | Nova Scotia |
| County | Pictou County |
| District | 4 |
| Government | |
| Councillor, District 4 | Ronald Baillie |
| MLA, Pictou West | Vacant |
| MP, Central Nova | Sean Fraser |
| Highest elevation | 20 m (70 ft) |
| Lowest elevation | 0 m (0 ft) |
| Time zone | UTC-4 (AST) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-3 (ADT) |
| Canadian Postal Code | B0K 1N0 |
| Area code and exchange | (902) 351-xxxx |
| Website | riverjohn.com |


title: Memphis Tigers men's soccer

abstract: The Memphis Tigers men's soccer team is a varsity intercollegiate athletic team of the University of Memphis in Memphis, Tennessee, United States. The team is an associate member of The American Athletic Conference, which is part of the National Collegiate Athletic Association's Division I. Memphis's first men's soccer team was fielded in 1982. The team is coached by Richard Mulrooney and play their home games at the on-campus soccer & track stadium.

text:
# Memphis Tigers men's soccer

The **Memphis Tigers men's soccer team** is a varsity intercollegiate athletic team of the University of Memphis in Memphis, Tennessee, United States. The team is an associate member of The American Athletic Conference, which is part of the National Collegiate Athletic Association's Division I. Memphis's first men's soccer team was fielded in 1982. The team is coached by Richard Mulrooney and play their home games at the on-campus soccer & track stadium.

## Individual achievements

### All-Americans

|
|  |
| Player | Position | Year(s) |
| Dayton O'Brien | MF | 2004 |
| Mark Sherrod | FW | 2011, 2013 |
| Anders Bordoy | MF | 2023 |
|

### All-Region

|
|  |
| Player | Position | Year(s) |
| Trevor Buckland | FW | 1988, 1989 |
| Donal McDonagh | MF | 1988 |
| Thomas Ohlmeier | MF | 1993 |
| Rogerio Lima | FW | 1996, 1997 |
| Sean Fraser | MF | 2000, 2001 |
| Andy Metcalf | FW | 2003 |
| Dan Dobson | DF | 2004 |
| Dayton O'Brien | MF | 2003, 2004, 2005 |
| Jamie Gilbert | MF | 2006 |
| Kevin Walsh | FW | 2006, 2007 |
| Jared Britcher | DF | 2007 |
| Adam Montgomery | FW | 2007 |
| Michael Coburn | DF | 2007, 2008 |
| Liam Collins | FW | 2011, 2012 |
| J. J. Greer | DF | 2011 |
| Chris Schmidt | DF | 2011 |
| Mark Sherrod | FW | 2011, 2012, 2013 |
|

## InfoBox

| Memphis Tigers men's soccer | |
| --- | --- |
| *2022 Memphis Tigers men's soccer team* | |
|  | |
| Founded | 1982 (1982) |
| University | University of Memphis |
| Head coach | Richard Mulrooney (8th season) |
| Conference | The American |
| Location | Memphis, Tennessee |
| Stadium | Memphis Soccer & Track Stadium
(Capacity: 2,042) |
| Nickname | Tigers |
| Colors | Blue and gray
 |
|  | |
| NCAA Tournament appearances | |
| **1993, 2004, 2023** | |
| Conference Tournament championships | |
| **2004** | |
| Conference Regular Season championships | |
| **2004** | |


title: WCRR

abstract:
WCRR may refer to:
  - WCRR (FM), a radio station licensed to serve Manistique, Michigan, United States
  - WNBL (FM), a radio station licensed to serve South Bristol, New York, United States, which used the call sign WCRR from 2007 to 2009
  - WXBX, a radio station licensed to Rural Retreat, Virginia, United States, which used the call sign WCRR-FM from 1991 to 1994
  - WLOY (AM), a radio station licensed to Rural Retreat, Virginia, United States, which used the call sign WCRR from 1985 to 2007
  - WCRR world congress on railway research
  - White Civil Rights Rally

text:
# WCRR

**WCRR** may refer to:

* WCRR (FM), a radio station (88.9 FM) licensed to serve Manistique, Michigan, United States
* WNBL (FM), a radio station (107.3 FM) licensed to serve South Bristol, New York, United States, which used the call sign WCRR from 2007 to 2009
* WXBX, a radio station (95.3 FM) licensed to Rural Retreat, Virginia, United States, which used the call sign WCRR-FM from 1991 to 1994
* WLOY (AM), a radio station (660 AM) licensed to Rural Retreat, Virginia, United States, which used the call sign WCRR from 1985 to 2007
* WCRR world congress on railway research
* White Civil Rights Rally


title: WCRW (Chicago)

abstract: WCRW was an AM radio station in Chicago, Illinois, which operated on a "shared time" frequency until 1996 with two other stations, WEDC and WSBC, each broadcasting a part of the day.

text:
# WCRW (Chicago)

**WCRW** was an AM radio station in Chicago, Illinois, which operated on a "shared time" frequency until 1996 with two other stations, WEDC and WSBC, each broadcasting a part of the day.

## History

Clinton White, a radio engineer, started the station in 1926. It initially operated on 720 kHz from studios at Waveland and Pine Grove on Chicago's north side. White and his wife, Josephine, worked at their station as a team, with both sharing the on-air duties. Josephine claimed to be the first female disk jockey. While the Whites entertained friends and neighbors with their radio station, this programming was not able to pay the station's operating expenses. They were able to stay afloat by selling segments of the station's air time to others. German, Italian, and Swedish language programs paid the bills.

WCRW began sharing its frequency with radio stations WHT (owned by Chicago mayor William Hale Thompson) and WIBO. Its frequency soon changed: first to 760 kHz and then to 1340 kHz, where their new time-sharing partners were stations WPCC and WFKB.

In 1927, the U.S Congress passed the Radio Act of 1927, which led to the establishment of the establishment of the Federal Radio Commission (FRC). Stations were initially issued a series of temporary authorizations starting on May 3, 1927. In addition, they were informed that if they wanted to continue operating, they needed to file a formal license application by January 15, 1928, as the first step in determining whether they met the new "public interest, convenience, or necessity" standard. On May 25, 1928, the FRC issued General Order 32, which notified 164 stations, including WCRW, that "From an examination of your application for future license it does not find that public interest, convenience, or necessity would be served by granting it." The station's foreign language programming was helpful in this process, convincing the commission that it should remain licensed, although the station made an unsuccessful attempt in federal court to reverse an ordered reduction in power.

On November 11, 1928, the FRC implemented a major reallocation of station transmitting frequencies, as part of a reorganization resulting from its implementation of General Order 40. WCRW was assigned to 1210 kHz kHz, with a time-sharing partnership with stations WSBC and WEDC, who also broadcast ethnic programming. The next year, the Whites moved the station into the Embassy Hotel at Pine Grove and Diversey, on Chicago's Gold Coast. WCRW then began identifying itself as "The Gold Coast Station".

The agreement with WEDC and WSBC called for WCRW to be on the air only five hours a day; the remainder of the 24 hours was divided between the other two stations. The three stations sharing the 1240 frequency in Chicago operated from three different locations with three separate transmitter sites; they continued to share this frequency for the next 70 years. From the 1920s through the 1960s, the three station managers met annually to decide their broadcasting hours.

When Clinton White died of a heart attack in 1963, Josephine brought Ed Jacker in as manager, chief engineer and ownership partner. Under Jacker's management, WCRW's power was increased, first to 250 watts and then finally to 1,000. As time passed, the ethnic groups served by the station's programming changed; eventually most of its five hours on the air became Spanish language programming.

After Josephine White's death, total ownership of WCRW went to Jacker, and eventually to his daughter. In 1989, the station left the Embassy Hotel for studios near Milwaukee and Bryn Mawr, on Chicago's northwest side. Daniel Lee, who was now the owner of WSBC, purchased WCRW in June 1995 for $500,000. On June 17, 1996, WCRW signed off for the last time, almost 70 years after Clinton and Josephine White initially took to the airwaves. However, WCRW was not formally deleted by the Federal Communications Commission until June 2006.


title: Marta Prat

abstract: Marta Prat Calmet is a Spanish field hockey player who competed in the 2004 Summer Olympics.

text:
# Marta Prat

**Marta Prat Calmet** (born 24 July 1981 in Terrassa) is a Spanish field hockey player who competed in the 2004 Summer Olympics.

1. Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Marta Prat". *Olympics at Sports-Reference.com*. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 18 April 2020. Retrieved 29 May 2012.

## InfoBox

Marta Prat
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Marta Prat Calmet | | |
| Born | 24 July 1981 (1981-07-24) (age 43)<br>Terrassa, Spain | | |


title: Thomas Bruins

abstract: Thomas Bruins is a dual national Australian and Netherlands Elite duathlete from Perth, Australia. Competing at Elite level he has won Asian and Oceania Continental Duathlon Championships as well as Powerman Duathlon World Series races in Putrajaya, Jakarta and Bangkok. He finished the 2017 Powerman World Series in second place, reaching a World ranking lead in 2017. Selected to compete for the Netherlands Elite team at the OTU Oceania and ASTC Asian Continental Championships and the ITU World Elite long distance duathlon championships Powerman Zofingen (Switzerland).

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# Thomas Bruins

**Thomas Bruins** is a dual national Australian and Netherlands Elite duathlete from Perth, Australia. Competing at Elite level he has won Asian and Oceania Continental Duathlon Championships as well as Powerman Duathlon World Series races in Putrajaya (Malaysia 2016), Jakarta (Indonesia 2017 and 2018) and Bangkok (Thailand 2018). He finished the 2017 Powerman World Series in second place, reaching a World ranking lead in 2017. Selected to compete for the Netherlands Elite team at the OTU Oceania and ASTC Asian Continental Championships and the ITU World Elite long distance duathlon championships Powerman Zofingen (Switzerland).

## Sporting career

Thomas Bruins lives and trains in Perth (AUS)

## InfoBox

Thomas Bruins
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Perth, Australia |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Duathlon |
| Medal record      Representing   Australia   OTU Duathlon Oceania Championships Elite   2012 Oceania Champion Barossa  2014 Oceania Bronze Adelaide (AUS)  ASTC Duathlon Asian Championships Elite   2017 Asian Champion Putrajaya (MAS)  2018 Asian Champion Putrajaya (MAS)  Powerman World Series Elite  2016 Powerman Malaysia Putrajaya(MAS)  2017 Powerman Indonesia Jakarta(IND)  2017 Powerman Thailand Bangkok(THI)  2018 Powerman Indonesia Jakarta(IND) | |


title: Nylanderia pygmaea

abstract: Nylanderia pygmaea is an extinct species of formicid in the ant subfamily Formicinae known from fossils found in the Prussian Formation of the Baltic region.

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# Nylanderia pygmaea

***Nylanderia pygmaea*** is an extinct species of formicid in the ant subfamily Formicinae known from fossils found in the Prussian Formation of the Baltic region.

## History and classification

When described *N. pygmaea* was known from twenty males and two queen fossils which were fossilized as inclusions in transparent chunks of Baltic amber almost all of which are now presumed lost. Additional individuals of all castes have since been found in Baltic, Bitterfeld, Rovno, and Scandinavian amber.

Baltic amber is approximately forty six million years old, having been deposited during Lutetian stage of the Middle Eocene. There is debate on by what plant family the amber was produced, with macrofossil and microfossil evidence suggesting a *Pinus* relative, while chemical and spectroscopic evidence suggests *Agathis* or *Sciadopitys*. The paleoenvironment of the Eocene Baltic forests where the *P. eocenicum* lived was that of humid temperate to subtropical islands. The forests were composed of mostly *Quercus* and *Pinus* species, while the lower sections of the forests had paratropical plant elements, such as palms. Rovno amber, recovered from deposits in the Rivne region of Ukraine, is slightly younger in age, being dated to the Bartonian to Priabonian of the Late Eocene. Bitterfeld amber is recovered from coal deposits in the Saxony area of Germany and the dating of the deposits is uncertain. Bitterfeld represents a section of the Eocene Paratethys Sea, and the amber that is recovered from the region is thought to be redeposited from older sediments. The fossil record of Bitterfeld and Baltic amber insects is very similar with a number of shared species, and that similarity is noted in the suggestions of a single source for the paleoforest that produced the amber. The amber deposits on the Danish coast, often referred to as Scandinavian amber, is of similar age to the other three European ambers, however a study of the ant fauna published in 2009 indicates Scandinavian amber has a fairly distinct ant assemblage.

The species was first described in 1868 by Austrian entomologist Gustav Mayr based on twenty males and two queens. He named the species and placed it into the genus *Prenolepis* as *Prenolepis pygmaea*. The species was briefly re-examined in 1915 by William Morton Wheeler based on a group of 57 males and 3 queens, including 10 of Mayr's original male syntypes and 1 gyne syntype. Mayr's placement was unchanged until 2009 when the species was moved by Gennady Dlussky and Alexandr Rasnitsyn. Dlussky and Rasnitsyn noted that when the species was described by both Mayr and Wheeler *Prenolepis* and *Paratrechina* were considered a single genus, which was later separated by Carlo Emery in 1925, leaving the fossil species in *Prenolepis*. Based on the character states observed by Dlussky and Rasnitsyn they moved the species to *Paratrechina*. Fossil species belonging to the *Prenolepis* genus group were again examined and reviewed in 2010 by John LaPolla and Gennady Dlussky. Based on the mandible, pronotal structure and mesonotal setae they moved the species to *Nylanderia*, noting the species to be the oldest in the genus.

## Paleoecology

*N. pygmaea* is known primarily by winged males and females, a situation also seen in several Ponerinae species in Baltic, Bitterfeld, and Scandinavian ambers. Modern *Nylanderia* and the ponerinae species from *Gnamptogenys*, *Hypoponera*, *Pachycondyla*, *Ponera*, and *Proceratium* are all ground dwelling and nesting species, whose workers rarely climb high into trees. Due to this, the workers of the amber forest species would not often come into contact with fresh resin to be entombed. However, in all of the genera, the winged queens and males would climb plants and trees surrounding the nests during the nuptial flight increasing greatly the contact with fresh resin and entrapment.

An investigation of Baltic, Bitterfeld, Scandinavian, and Rovno ambers in 2009 showed over 90% of *N. pygmaea* specimens in Baltic, Scandinavian and Bitterfeld ambers were alates, while still being a very small component of the ant faunas. In Baltic amber *N. pygmaea* was between 0.51% and 0.71% of all ants, and in Bitterfeld the species was only 1.26%. In contrast Rovno amber showed a larger percentage at 3.03% and Scandinavian had the highest percentage 3.66%, which was suggested to relate possibly to habitat humidity.

## Description

Workers are between 1.5–1.6 mm (0.059–0.063 in) long with a shiny brown exoskeleton. There are setae along the rear edge of the head, two pairs of upright setae on the pronotum, another pair on the mesonotum and the gaster has scattered upright setae. The heads are rectangular in outline, being slightly narrower than long, and have a faintly concave to straight rear margin. The first segment of the antennae, the scape, extends past the rear edge of the head. They have a compact mesosoma that has a distinct metanotal sclerite and a gently curved propodeum.

Males are a little larger than the workers, with a length between 1.5–1.7 mm (0.059–0.067 in) reported by Wheeler in 1915 and between 1.7–1.9 mm (0.067–0.075 in) reported by LaPolla in 2010.

## InfoBox

| *Nylanderia pygmaea*
Temporal range: | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Nylanderia pygmaea* syntype male from the Prussian Formation, Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Formicidae |
| Subfamily: | Formicinae |
| Genus: | *Nylanderia* |
| Species: | ***N. pygmaea*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Nylanderia pygmaea***
(Mayr, 1868) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Prenolepis pygmaea* * *Paratrechina pygmaea* | |


title: Terminal Inspection Act of 1916

abstract: The Terminal Inspection Act of 1916 was a part of the Rural Post Roads Act of 1916. It prohibited a person from sending, through the U.S. mail to a state address, a package containing a plant or plant product unless the package's contents were plainly marked. The act was one of the earliest legal forms of early detection of and rapid response to invasive species.

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# Terminal Inspection Act of 1916

The **Terminal Inspection Act of 1916** was a part of the Rural Post Roads Act of 1916. It prohibited a person from sending, through the U.S. mail to a state address, a package containing a plant or plant product unless the package's contents were plainly marked. The act was one of the earliest legal forms of early detection of and rapid response to invasive species.