title: Tully Friedman

abstract: Tully Friedman is an American businessman. A founding partner of Hellman & Friedman, as of 2013 he was chief executive of Friedman, Fleischer and Lowe, a San Francisco-based private equity firm.

text:
# Tully Friedman

**Tully Friedman** (born January 1942) is an American businessman. A founding partner of Hellman & Friedman, as of 2013 he was chief executive of Friedman, Fleischer and Lowe, a San Francisco-based private equity firm.

## Early life

He graduated from Stanford University and received a J.D. from the Harvard Law School.

## Career

He was managing director of Salomon Brothers, where he founded its West Coast Corporate Finance Department and served on its national Corporate Finance Administrative Committee.

In 1984, he and Warren Hellman founded Hellman & Friedman, an investment company.

Since 1997, he has served as chairman and CEO of Friedman Fleischer & Lowe, a private equity firm.

## Board memberships and philanthropy

He sits on the boards of Clorox, Kool Smiles, NCDR, Church's Chicken, Cajun Operating Company, Archimedes Technology, and DPMS LLC. He previously served on the Boards of CapitalSource, Levi Strauss & Co., Mattel, and McKesson Corporation. He is a former president of the San Francisco Opera Association and chairman of Mount Zion Hospital and Medical Center. He is also chairman of the board of trustees of the American Enterprise Institute. He also sits on the board of trustees of the Telluride Foundation in Telluride, Colorado. and St. Paul's School in Concord, New Hampshire.

## Personal life

His first wife was Ann Fay Barry, niece of Paul B. Fay, Jr. In 1995, he married Elise Dorsey in an Episcopal ceremony in Sonoma, California. They have two children, Alexander and Allegra. Until November 2012, Friedman owned a neo-classical-style home in Woodside, California that was featured in the book, "Extraordinary Homes California: an Exclusive Showcase of the Finest Architects, Designers and Builders in California."

## InfoBox

| Tully Friedman | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | Tully Michael Friedman
1942 (age 8182) |
| Nationality | American |
| Education | Stanford University
Harvard University |
| Occupation(s) | Businessman, investor, philanthropist |
| Employer | Friedman, Fleischer and Lowe |
| Spouse(s) | Anne Fay (divorced)
Elise Dorsey |


title: Who Cares a Lot? The Greatest Hits

abstract: Who Cares a Lot? The Greatest Hits is a greatest hits retrospective compilation album by American rock band Faith No More. It was released on compact disc and compact cassette by Slash Records and London Records in Britain and Europe on November 24, 1998, and by Slash Records and Reprise Records in North America on December 8, 1998. On January 8, 2021, Slash Records and Rhino Records re-issued the compilation on phonograph record. Issued following the band's April 1998 breakup, a companion video album was also released on video home system under the title Who Cares a Lot? The Greatest Videos by Slash Records and London Records via Polygram Video in Britain and Europe, and Slash Records and Reprise Records via Warner Reprise Video in North America on February 23, 1999. The album's content spans most of the band's career, including songs from all of the band's studio albums released through Slash Records (1986-1997). The first disc collects 15 singles from the band's Slash Records career in chronological order. It features the most recognized hits and promos. The second disc has a handful of unreleased songs, B-sides, demos, and live recordings, which were chosen by Slash rather than the band themselves. Some of the notable previously unreleased material includes "The World Is Yours" and "I Won't Forget You".

text:
# Who Cares a Lot? The Greatest Hits

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |

***Who Cares a Lot? The Greatest Hits*** is a greatest hits retrospective compilation album by American rock band Faith No More. It was released on compact disc and compact cassette by Slash Records and London Records in Britain and Europe on November 24, 1998, and by Slash Records and Reprise Records in North America on December 8, 1998. On January 8, 2021, Slash Records and Rhino Records re-issued the compilation on phonograph record.

Issued following the band's April 1998 breakup, a companion video album was also released on video home system under the title *Who Cares a Lot? The Greatest Videos* by Slash Records and London Records via Polygram Video in Britain and Europe, and Slash Records and Reprise Records via Warner Reprise Video in North America on February 23, 1999.

The album's content spans most of the band's career (at the time of its initial break-up in 1998), including songs from all of the band's studio albums released through Slash Records (1986-1997). The first disc collects 15 singles from the band's Slash Records career in chronological order. It features the most recognized hits and promos. The second disc has a handful of unreleased songs, B-sides, demos, and live recordings, which were chosen by Slash rather than the band themselves. Some of the notable previously unreleased material includes "The World Is Yours" and "I Won't Forget You".

## Track listing

\*Disc one
| No. | Title | Original album | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "We Care a Lot" (Original Version\[A\]) | *Introduce Yourself* (1987) | 4:03 |
| 2. | "Introduce Yourself" | *Introduce Yourself* | 1:33 |
| 3. | "From out of Nowhere" | *The Real Thing* (1989) | 3:21 |
| 4. | "Epic" | *The Real Thing* | 4:53 |
| 5. | "Falling to Pieces" | *The Real Thing* | 5:12 |
| 6. | "Midlife Crisis" | *Angel Dust* (1992) | 4:17 |
| 7. | "A Small Victory" | *Angel Dust* | 4:56 |
| 8. | "Easy" | A-side single (1992), *Angel Dust* (1993 re-issue) | 3:07 |
| 9. | "Digging the Grave" | *King for a Day... Fool for a Lifetime* (1995) | 3:04 |
| 10. | "The Gentle Art of Making Enemies" | *King for a Day... Fool for a Lifetime* | 3:29 |
| 11. | "Evidence" | *King for a Day... Fool for a Lifetime* | 4:54 |
| 12. | "I Started a Joke" | B-side of "Digging the Grave" single, *King for a Day... Fool for a Lifetime* (Brazil version) | 3:00 |
| 13. | "Last Cup of Sorrow" | *Album of the Year* (1997) | 4:09 |
| 14. | "Ashes to Ashes" | *Album of the Year* | 3:36 |
| 15. | "Stripsearch" | *Album of the Year* | 4:29 |

\*Disc two
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "The World Is Yours" (recorded during the *Angel Dust* sessions) | Faith No More | 5:52 |
| 2. | "Hippie Jam Song" (recorded during the *King for a Day... Fool for a Lifetime* sessions) | Gould, Patton | 4:58 |
| 3. | "Instrumental" (recorded after *King for a Day... Fool for a Lifetime*. Roddy plays all guitars on this track) | Bottum, Gould, Patton | 4:59 |
| 4. | "I Won't Forget You" (recorded during the *King for a Day... Fool for a Lifetime* sessions) | Gould, Patton | 4:09 |
| 5. | "Introduce Yourself" (4-Track Demos) | Faith No More | 1:43 |
| 6. | "Highway Star" (Live)\[B\]) | Lord, Blackmore, Gillan, Paice, Glover | 1:07 |
| 7. | "Theme from Midnight Cowboy" (Live)\[C\]) | Barry | 1:03 |
| 8. | "This Guy's in Love with You" (Live)\[C\]) | Bacharach, David | 4:19 |

## Charts

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Australia (ARIA) | Platinum | 70,000^ |
| ^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## Release history

There were three different versions that were put out for this compilation. Between the versions, the title and covers were altered.

The album art for the American release was the red question mark on black background, while the United Kingdom, European, Argentine, and Oceanian releases featured the Benny Hill art. The Oceanian double disc edition also had a "Limited Edition 2CD Set" sticker, as in other markets the bonus disc was not limited. In Europe, only a single disc edition was released. For this, the first five tracks off the second disc were simply added to the end of the compilation.

| Region | Title | Notes | Release date | Discs (tracks) | Label |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Germany | *Who Cared a Lot* | Original promo | 1998/11/02 | (16) CD | Slash/London |
| Europe | *Who Cares a Lot? The Greatest Hits* |  | 1998/11/24 | (20) CD/Tape | WEA/Slash/London |
| Germany | *Who Cares a Lot? The Greatest Hits* |  | 1998/11/06 | (15) CD | Universal |
| Japan | *We Cared a Lot? The Greatest Hits* |  | 1998/11/30 | (15) CD | Universal International |
| North America | *Who Cares a Lot? Greatest Hits* |  | 1998/12/08 | (15+8) 2×CD | WEA/Reprise |
| Oceania | *Who Cares a Lot? The Greatest Hits* | First pressing. Limited edition | - | (15+8) 2×CD | WEA/Slash/London |
| Oceania | *Who Cares a Lot? The Greatest Hits* | Second pressing. Reissue | - | (20) CD | WEA/Slash/London |
| United Kingdom | *Who Cares a Lot? The Greatest Hits* |  | 1998/10/12 | (15+8) 2×CD | WEA/Slash/London |
| United Kingdom | *Who Cares a Lot? The Greatest Hits* | Reissue | 1999/10/04 | (15) CD | WEA/Slash/London |

### Promo

The album was originally titled *Who Cared a Lot?*. It had a different track listing and cover artwork, but only saw release as a promo.

Original promo track listing
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Introduce Yourself" | 1:33 |
| 2. | "We Care a Lot" | 4:03 |
| 3. | "Digging the Grave" | 3:04 |
| 4. | "The Gentle Art of Making Enemies" | 3:29 |
| 5. | "Epic" | 4:53 |
| 6. | "Falling to Pieces" | 5:12 |
| 7. | "Edge of the World" | 4:10 |
| 8. | "Midlife Crisis" | 5:12 |
| 9. | "Easy" | 3:07 |
| 10. | "A Small Victory" | 4:56 |
| 11. | "Evidence" | 4:54 |
| 12. | "Last Cup of Sorrow" | 4:09 |
| 13. | "Stripsearch" | 4:29 |
| 14. | "Ashes to Ashes" | 3:36 |
| 15. | "From out of Nowhere" | 3:21 |
| 16. | "I Started a Joke" | 3:00 |

## Footnotes

1. **^** All releases of this compilation contain the Slash Records version of "We Care a Lot" found on 1987's *Introduce Yourself*, rather than the one from the band's earlier independent 1985 album *We Care a Lot*. The album sleeves that describe the track as "Original Version" are therefore misleading, but originate from Slash Records later releasing a live version of "We Care a Lot" from *Live at the Brixton Academy* as a single in 1991.
2. **^** Live on October 6, 1997, at San Francisco
3. **^** **a** **b** Live on October 21, 1997, at the Horden Pavilion, Sydney, Australia recorded by MTV Australia

## InfoBox

| Who Cares a Lot? The Greatest Hits | |
| --- | --- |
| *Who Cares a Lot? The Greatest Hits* British and European cover art. | |
| Greatest hits album by Faith No More | |
| Released | November 24, 1998 (1998-11-24) |
| Recorded | 1986–1997 |
| Genre | Alternative metal, experimental rock, alternative rock, funk metal, avant-garde |
| Length | 86:11 |
| Label |  |
| Producer | Matt Wallace, Steve Berlin, Andy Wallace, Roli Mosimann, Billy Gould, Faith No More |
| Faith No More chronology | |
| *Album of the Year*
(1997) ***Who Cares a Lot? The Greatest Hits***
(1998) *Who Cares a Lot? The Greatest Videos*
(1999) | |
|  | |
| Alternative cover | |
|  | |
| *Who Cares a Lot? The Greatest Hits* North American cover art. | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Rebecca Lange

abstract: Rebecca Ann Lange is a professor of experimental petrology, magmatism and volcanism at the University of Michigan. Her research investigates how magmatism has shaped the evolution of the Earth, as well as the formation of continental crust. She is a Fellow of the Mineralogical Society of America and was awarded the F.W. Clarke Medal in 1995.

text:
# Rebecca Lange

**Rebecca Ann Lange** is a professor of experimental petrology, magmatism and volcanism at the University of Michigan. Her research investigates how magmatism has shaped the evolution of the Earth, as well as the formation of continental crust. She is a Fellow of the Mineralogical Society of America and was awarded the F.W. Clarke Medal in 1995.

## Early life and education

Lange studied geology at the University of California, Berkeley. She earned her bachelor's degree in 1995, and remained there for her doctoral studies. She was a member of Sigma Xi. Lange completed her doctorate under the supervision of Ian S. E. Carmichael. Together they worked on the aurora volcanic field, which is located in the Mono Lake in the Great Basin.

## Research and career

Lange was a postdoctoral researcher at Princeton University where she worked with Alexandra Navrotsky on the heat capacities of silicate liquids.

Lange was appointed assistant professor at the University of Michigan in 1991 and was promoted to professor in 2004. Her research investigates how magmatism and volcanism have shaped the Earth. Lange studies the formation of the continental crust. She works on the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt, a neogene volcanic arc at the edge of the North American Plate. Here she is uncovering the eruption rates of magma, proportions of different types of magma and role of water.

She created a thermodynamic model of the plagioclase-liquid exchange reaction. Lange's model contained calorimeteric and volumetric information for the liquid and crystalline components. Lange has since served on the F.W. Clarke Medal committee.

### Awards and honours

Her awards and honours include:

## InfoBox

| Becky Lange | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Rebecca Ann Lange |
| Alma mater | University of California, Berkeley (BS, PhD) |
| Awards | F.W. Clarke Medal (1995)
Sigma Xi |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Geochemistry
Magmatism
Volcanism
Experimental petrology
Thermodynamics |
| Institutions | Princeton University
University of Michigan |
| Thesis | *I. Properties of silicate liquids: volume and redox state : II. The association of Lamprophyres and Basaltic Andesites in Western Mexico* (1989) |
| Doctoral advisor | Ian S. E. Carmichael |
|  | |
| Website | lsa.umich.edu/earth/people/faculty/becky.html |


title: Recombineering

abstract: Recombineering is a genetic and molecular biology technique based on homologous recombination systems, as opposed to the older/more common method of using restriction enzymes and ligases to combine DNA sequences in a specified order. Recombineering is widely used for bacterial genetics, in the generation of target vectors for making a conditional mouse knockout, and for modifying DNA of any source often contained on a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC), among other applications.

text:
# Recombineering

**Recombineering** (**recombi**nation-mediated genetic engi**neering**) is a genetic and molecular biology technique based on homologous recombination systems, as opposed to the older/more common method of using restriction enzymes and ligases to combine DNA sequences in a specified order. Recombineering is widely used for bacterial genetics, in the generation of target vectors for making a conditional mouse knockout, and for modifying DNA of any source often contained on a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC), among other applications.

## Development

Although developed in bacteria, much of the inspiration for recombineering techniques came from methods first developed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae where a linear plasmid was used to target genes or clone genes off the chromosome. In addition, recombination with single-strand oligonucleotides (oligos) was first shown in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Recombination was observed to take place with oligonucleotides as short as 20 bases.

Recombineering is based on homologous recombination in *Escherichia coli* mediated by bacteriophage proteins, either RecE/RecT from Rac prophage or Redαβδ from bacteriophage lambda. The lambda Red recombination system is now most commonly used and the first demonstrations of Red *in vivo* genetic engineering were independently made by Kenan Murphy and Francis Stewart. However, Murphy's experiments required expression of RecA and also employed long homology arms. Consequently, the implications for a new DNA engineering technology were not obvious. The Stewart lab showed that these homologous recombination systems mediate efficient recombination of linear DNA molecules flanked by homology sequences as short as 30 base pairs (40-50 base pairs are more efficient) into target DNA sequences in the absence of RecA. Now the homology could be provided by oligonucleotides made to order, and standard *recA* cloning hosts could be used, greatly expanding the utility of recombineering.

## Recombineering with dsDNA

Recombineering utilizes linear DNA substrates that are either double-stranded (dsDNA) or single-stranded (ssDNA). Most commonly, dsDNA recombineering has been used to create gene replacements, deletions, insertions, and inversions. Gene cloning and gene/protein tagging (His tags etc., see ) is also common. For gene replacements or deletions, usually a cassette encoding a drug-resistance gene is made by PCR using bi-partite primers. These primers consist of (from 5’→3’) 50 bases of homology to the target region, where the cassette is to be inserted, followed by 20 bases to prime the drug resistant cassette. The exact junction sequence of the final construct is determined by primer design. These events typically occur at a frequency of approximately 104/108cells that survive electroporation. Electroporation is the method used to transform the linear substrate into the recombining cell.

### Selection/counterselection technique

In some cases, one desires a deletion with no marker left behind, to make a gene fusion, or to make a point mutant in a gene. This can be done with two rounds of recombination. In the first stage of recombineering, a selection marker on a cassette is introduced to replace the region to be modified. In the second stage, a second counterselection marker (e.g. sacB) on the cassette is selected against following introduction of a target fragment containing the desired modification. Alternatively, the target fragment could be flanked by *loxP* or *FRT* sites, which could be removed later simply by the expression of the Cre or FLP recombinases, respectively. A novel selection marker "mFabI" was also developed to increase recombineering efficiency.

## Recombineering with ssDNA

Recombineering with ssDNA provided a breakthrough both in the efficiency of the reaction and the ease of making point mutations. This technique was further enhanced by the discovery that by avoiding the methyl-directed mismatch repair system, the frequency of obtaining recombinants can be increased to over 107/108 viable cells. This frequency is high enough that alterations can now be made without selection. With optimized protocols, over 50% of the cells that survive electroporation contain the desired change. Recombineering with ssDNA only requires the Red Beta protein; Exo, Gamma and the host recombination proteins are not required. As proteins homologous to Beta and RecT are found in many bacteria and bacteriophages (\>100 as of February 2010), recombineering is likely to work in many different bacteria. Thus, recombineering with ssDNA is expanding the genetic tools available for research in a variety of organisms. To date, recombineering has been performed in E. coli, S. enterica, *Y. pseudotuberculosis*, S. cerevisiae and M. tuberculosis.

## Red-Independent recombination

In the year 2010, it has been demonstrated that ssDNA recombination can occur in the absence of known recombination functions. Recombinants were found at up to 104/108 viable cells. This Red-independent activity has been demonstrated in *P. syringae*, *E. coli*, *S. enterica serovar typhimurium* and *S. flexneria*.

## Applications and benefits of recombineering

The biggest advantage of recombineering is that it obviates the need for conveniently positioned restriction sites, whereas in conventional genetic engineering, DNA modification is often compromised by the availability of unique restriction sites. In engineering large constructs of \>100 kb, such as the Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes (BACs), or chromosomes, recombineering has become a necessity. Recombineering can generate the desired modifications without leaving any 'footprints' behind. It also forgoes multiple cloning stages for generating intermediate vectors and therefore is used to modify DNA constructs in a relatively short time-frame. The homology required is short enough that it can be generated in synthetic oligonucleotides and recombination with short oligonucleotides themselves is incredibly efficient. Recently, recombineering has been developed for high throughput DNA engineering applications termed 'recombineering pipelines'. Recombineering pipelines support the large scale production of BAC transgenes and gene targeting constructs for functional genomics programs such as EUCOMM (European Conditional Mouse Mutagenesis Consortium) and KOMP (Knock-Out Mouse Program). Recombineering has also been automated, a process called "MAGE" -Multiplex Automated Genome Engineering, in the Church lab. With the development of CRISPR technologies, construction of CRISPR interference strains in *E. coli* requires only one-step oligo recombineering, providing a simple and easy-to-implement tool for gene expression control. "Recombineering tools" and laboratory protocols have also been implemented for a number of plant species. These tools and procedures are customizable, scalable, and freely available to all researchers.

* redrecombineering.ncifcrf.gov \- Details about recombineering as well as protocols, FAQ's and can be used to request strains and plasmids needed for recombineering.


title: Mala Sočanica

abstract: Mala Sočanica is a village in the municipality of Derventa, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

text:
# Mala Sočanica

**Mala Sočanica** is a village in the municipality of Derventa, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## InfoBox

| Mala Sočanica | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Mala Sočanica | |
| Coordinates: 44°50′31″N 17°56′12″E / 44.84194°N 17.93667°E / 44.84194; 17.93667 | |
| Country | Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Entity | Republika Srpska |
| Municipality | Derventa |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: Person to Person: Live at the Blue Note

abstract: Person To Person: Live At The Blue Note is a Ben E. King live album. It was recorded live at the Blue Note Jazz Club in New York City. The album was released on Half Note Records in 2003.

text:
# Person to Person: Live at the Blue Note

***Person To Person: Live At The Blue Note*** is a Ben E. King live album. It was recorded live at the Blue Note Jazz Club in New York City. The album was released on Half Note Records in 2003.

## Track listing

1. "Short Stomp" \[6:06\]
2. "Harlem Nocturne" \[4:39\]
3. "Let the Good Times Roll" \[4:47\]
4. "Young Boy Blues" \[5:18\]
5. "Person to Person" \[5:37\]
6. "Little Mama" \[4:04\]
7. "Under the Boardwalk" \[4:55\]
8. "Spanish Harlem" \[3:50\]
9. "Stand by Me" \[3:54\]
10. "Hallelujah I Love Her So" \[5:49\]
11. "There'll Be Some Changes Made" \[5:34\]

## Credits

* John Abbott - Cover Portrait
* Steven Bensusan - Executive Producer
* Andy Bigan - Assistant
* Carlton Cabey - Photography
* Steve Count - Band, Bass, Bass (Acoustic)
* Rina Davidovich - Cover Art
* Alan Ferber - Band, Trombone
* Lou Gimenez - Mixing Assistant, Sound Editing
* Guido Gonzalez - Band, Flugelhorn, Trumpet
* Lee Greene - Band, Flute, Sax (Tenor)
* Ben E. King - Composer, Executive Producer, Mixing, Primary Artist, Vocals
* Jack Kreisberg - Mixing, Producer
* Rick Kriska - Band, Flute, Sax (Baritone)
* Jeff Levenson - Executive in Charge of Music
* Wade Marcus - Arranger
* Rich Mercurio - Band, Drums
* Jack O'Hara - Announcer
* Al Orlo - Band, Guitar
* Tim Ouimette - Arranger, Band, Composer, Conductor, Flugelhorn, Mixing, Trumpet
* Judy Palma - Band, Piano
* Bob Porter - Liner Notes
* Steven Remote - Coordinater, Recording Engineer, Mixing Engineer
* Tom Walsh - Mastering
* Dan Wilensky - Band, Flute, Sax (Alto)

## InfoBox

| Person To Person: Live At The Blue Note | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Live album by Ben E. King | |
| Released | November 4, 2003 |
| Genre | Soul |
| Length | 54:33 |
| Label | Half Note Records |
| Ben E. King chronology | |
| *Eleven Best*
(2001) ***Person To Person: Live At The Blue Note***
(2003) *Soul Masters*
(2005) | |


title: Women in Egypt

abstract: The role of women in Egypt has changed over time, from ancient to the modern era. Early archaeological records show that Egyptian women were considered equal to men regardless of marital status. The rights of women in Egypt expanded in the 20th century. However, legal inequality persists, with current laws differentiating significantly between women and men in the spheres of marriage and divorce.

text:
# Women in Egypt

The role of **women in Egypt** has changed over time, from ancient to the modern era. Early archaeological records show that Egyptian women were considered equal to men regardless of marital status.

The rights of women in Egypt expanded in the 20th century. However, legal inequality persists, with current laws differentiating significantly between women and men in the spheres of marriage and divorce.

## Women in ancient Egypt

Women were stated lower than men when it came to a higher leader in the Egyptian hierarchy counting his peasants. This hierarchy was similar to the way the peasants were treated in the Middle Ages. As children, females were raised to be solely dependent upon their fathers and older brothers. When women married, they depended on their husbands to make all decisions, while the women themselves were depended upon to carry out household chores.

Women have traditionally been preoccupied with household tasks and child rearing and have rarely had opportunities for contact with men outside the family. Royal Egyptian women had great impact on Egyptian Society. Queen Tiye, the grandmother of King Tut was so enmeshed in politics that neighboring King Mitanni wrote to her to ensure good will between their people when her son Akhenaten ascended to the throne. Queen Aahmose was awarded the golden flies for military valor.

Cleopatra and Nefertiti were among the better known rulers in Egyptian society. Cleopatra was known to have ruled with Marc Antony around 31 BC and she was also the Co-regent of her two husband-brothers and her son. Nefertiti was the chief wife of an Egyptian pharaoh, Amenhotep IV. Nefertiti was known to be an active Egyptian woman in society, as well as her children. In addition to female Egyptian rulers, Hatshepsut usurped the throne and reigned in Egypt as pharaoh from about 1479 to 1458 B.C. She based most of Egypt's economy on commerce.

Though not many women have acted as rulers in Egyptian society, they have been considered to be equal among men in status as well as legal opportunities. Women were shown to be allowed the opportunity to take part in the economy, such as their role as merchants, as it happened later in the Roman Empire, specially among the lower classes. Women had also taken part in religious activities, such as those who were priestesses. In the Sixth Dynasty Nebet became a Vizier and thus the first woman in History to fulfill such an office.

Women could also own property, divorce their husbands, live alone and occupy main positions, mostly religious, in similarity with Assyrian women. Only the children from the Great Royal Wife could expect to succeed to the throne, and if there were no son but daughters by her, then a son by another wife or concubine could only get the throne by marrying the heir daughter, and whoever did so would become the new King. Either through political and/or religious power, some women managed to become, de facto or de jure, the highest office holders in the kingdom, and share a status of co-rulers with men, even being depicted in monuments with the same height as their husbands or otherwise and even as the other Gods of Egypt.

Such were the cases of Hatshepsut, Nefertiti, Nefertari and the Nubian Egyptian Queens. The further Nubian Queens were able to maintain this status. The most important religious offices of that kind were those of God's Wife and God's Wife of Amun. Politically, they often managed to become Interregnum queens. In the Ptolemaic Dynasty this rise to power was sublimated with the establishment of a coregency system, in which Queens had the same position as Kings and were even powerful enough to obtain in dispute that coregency for themselves.

## 19th century

Circa the 1890s, twice the percentage of women in Alexandria knew how to read compared to the same percentage in Cairo. As a result, specialist women's publications like *al-Fatāh* by Hind Nawal, the country's first women's journal, appeared.

## Modern status

To limit women's contact with men as tradition, practices such as veiling and gender segregation at schools, work, and recreation have become common. Furthermore, lower-class families, especially in Upper-Egypt, have tended to withdraw females from school as they reached puberty to minimize their interaction with males. Lower-class men frequently preferred marriage to women who had been secluded rather than to those who had worked or attended secondary school.

The rule of Gamal Abdul Nasser was characterized by his policy of stridently advocating women's rights through welfare-state policies, labeled as state feminism. Women were guaranteed the right to vote and equality of opportunity was explicitly stated in the 1956 Egyptian constitution, forbidding gender-based discrimination. Labor laws were changed to ensure women's standing in the work force and maternity leave was legally protected. At the same time, the state repressed independent feminist organizations, leaving a dearth of female political representation.

The economic liberalization plan of the Sadat regime resulted in the collapse of this system and the resurgence of Islamist-influenced policy. While the Nasserist years allowed a wide range of study for women, Sadat's policies narrowed the opportunities available to women. Unemployment for women changed from 5.8% 1960 to 40.7% in 1986. In place of policies to economically support women during pregnancy, women were encouraged to leave work entirely or work part-time.

The Mubarak years were marked by further erosion of the role of women. Preserved parliamentary seats for women and the 1979 personal status law were repealed in 1987, a new watered-down law taking its place that allowed less power for women in cases of divorce.

The migration of a large number of Egyptians, mostly men, has also affected the status of Egyptian women. A study by the International Organization for Migration found that two-thirds of migrant household interviewed were headed by a woman in the absence of the male migrant (husband/father). For these households, remittances represented an important source of income, accounting for 43% of their total income. 52% of wives of the migrants independently decided how to spend the money received. In the remaining cases, the head of the household enjoyed a fair deal of autonomy as the decision on how to use the remittance money was reached through mutual consultation between the migrant and the head of the household and only in a few cases (11%) did the migrant decide alone.

A 2010 Pew Research Center poll showed that 45% of Egyptian men and 76% of women supported gender equality. The same poll showed that, in principle, people tend to accept a woman's right to work outside the home, with 61% of the respondents agreeing that "women should be able to work outside the home", but at the same time showing some reservations, with only 11% of men and 36% of women completely agreeing with that statement; and 75% agreeing that "when jobs are scarce, men should have more right to a job". Polls taken in 2010 and 2011 show that 39% considered gender equality "very important" to Egypt's future post-revolution and 54% of Egyptians supported sex segregation in the workplace.

Despite long standing advocation for women's labor rights, that is not the case in 21st century Egypt. In the public sector women are more protected with labor rights that secure their position and provide benefits such as maternity leave. In the private sector there is little to no labor rights for women and companies are less likely to hire women because of implied “associated costs” such as childcare and maternity leave. Thus, women are discriminated against in the workforce and not given an opportunity to pursue their desired careers. That goes for women with or without education because jobs can be attained at various levels, but the preference goes to their male counterparts.

Female genital mutilation was criminalized in Egypt in 2008. In 2012, UNICEF reported that 87% of Egyptian women and girls 15–49 years old had undergone female genital mutilation. In June 2013, 13-year-old Soheir al-Batea died after undergoing FGM. The doctor responsible for the procedure became the first doctor in Egypt to be tried for committing female genital mutilation. On November 20, 2014, he was found not guilty.

Virginity tests done by the military on detainees were banned in Egypt on 27 December 2011.

The literacy rate of women (aged 15 and over) is 65.4%, which is lower than that of men which is 82.2% (data from 2015). Egypt is largely rural country, with only 43.1% of the population being urban (in 2015), and access to education is poor in rural areas.

Most women in Egypt have adopted some form of veiling, with a majority of Egyptian women covering at least their hair with the hijab; however covering the face with a niqāb is only practiced by a minority of women (see Niqāb in Egypt).

Families are usually of medium size, with the total fertility rate (TFR) being 3.53 children born/woman (2016 estimate). The contraception prevalence rate is high, at 60.3% (in 2008).

In a 2013 poll of gender experts, Egypt ranked worst for women's rights out of all the Arab states.

On 23 June 2020, Egyptian security forces detained prominent activist Sanaa Seif from outside the general prosecutor's office in the capital, Cairo, where she was waiting to file a complaint about being physically assaulted outside Cairo's Tora Prison complex on 22 June 2020.

According to Global Gender Gap Index, Egypt ranked 134th out of the 153 countries in 2020. It ranked 140th out of 153 countries in women's economic participation and opportunity. Only 18% of the working-age women participated in the economy, compared to 65% of men.

In March 2021, Egypt became the first country in Africa and MENA region to launch the "Closing the Gender Gap Accelerator" in cooperation with the World Economic Forum, in order to reduce the gender gap in the labor market. Also in the same month, the amendments of Personal Status Law, which were proposed on 23 February, were rejected by feminist organizations as they would deprive women of the legal status to conclude a marriage contract. However, the new amendments ignored granting women financial and educational guardianship over their minor children, and for Christian women, their denial of custody over their children, when their husbands convert to Islam.

### Violence against women

#### Sexual violence and sexual harassment

In a 2010 survey of 1,010 women by the Egyptian Center for Women's rights, 98% of foreign women and 83% of native women said they had been sexually harassed in Egypt and two-thirds of men said that they had harassed women. In 2013, the United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women reported that 99.3% of Egyptian women had experienced some form of harassment.

#### Forced virginity tests

In December 2011, the Cairo Administrative court ruled that forced virginity tests on females in military prisons were illegal. The case involved Samira Ibrahim who participated at a sit-in at Tahrir Square on March 9, 2011. Ibrahim described the degrading experience of having a virginity test be conducted on her in front of military soldiers. Several other female protestors received similar treatment (see 2011 virginity tests of protestors in Egypt). In its World Report 2020, the Human Rights Watch reported that virginity tests still occurred in the country.

#### Sexual assault

Human Rights Watch reported 91 sexual assaults in four days from 30 June 2013 during the Tahrir Square protests, as well as 19 cases of mob sexual assaults in January. The deputy Middle East director at HRW said that the attacks were "holding women back from participating fully in the public life of Egypt at a critical point in the country's development." On 4 June 2013, a law criminalizing sexual harassment for the first time in modern Egyptian history was approved by then interim president, Adly Mansour.

The 2014 Cairo hotel gang rape case in which a young woman was drugged and raped by a group of young men from wealthy families attracted wide social media and mainstream media attention, leading to the extradition of three of the accused men from Lebanon back to Egypt in September 2020. *Egyptian Streets* called the attention a #MeToo moment. In 2020 a social media campaign "Assault Police" was launched so that women could anonymously draw attention to perpetrators of sexual violence. The account was started by Nadeen Ashraf who wanted to enable women to have a voice and make their concerns heard.

In July 2021, several women opened up about their sexual abuse incidents during an interview with *The New York Times*. The women revealed that they were sexually abused in police stations, hospitals and prisons during routine searches by the police or prison guards and by state-employed doctors during invasive physical exams and virginity tests.

In August 2021, Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi ratified law amendments to tighten the imprisonment term and the fine imposed on sexual harassment. However, Sisi's recent ratification is dismissed in a 2022 court case against famous Egyptian actor Shady Khalaf, who was charged with only 3 years of prison sentencing for his sexual assault and attempted rapes on "seven women at an acting workshop."

#### Honor killings

Honor killings take place in Egypt relatively frequently, due to reasons such as a woman meeting an unrelated man, even if this is only an allegation; or adultery (real or suspected). For example, in 2021, a man was convicted and sentenced to five years in prison for thinking his sister's behavior was "suspicious" and murdering her—a murder to which he claimed was an "honor killing."

Honor killings are also listed in the Egyptian Penal Code, under Article 237, in which courts are allowed to be more lenient in their sentencing for honor killings made by men who catch their wives committing adultery. However, the same leniency is not granted for women under the Article.

#### Female genital mutilation

Female genital mutilation (FGM) is widespread in Egypt, with 87% of girls and women aged 15 to 49 years having undergone FGM in 2004–15, though the practice is less common among the youth. The practice is deeply ingrained in the culture and predates both Christianity and Islam. Its main purpose is to preserve chastity, though its social function is very complicated. FGM was banned in 2008, but enforcement of the law was weak. In 2016, they tightened the law and made it a felony.

A 17-year-old girl died on 29 May 2017, reportedly from hemorrhaging, following female genital mutilation (FGM) at a private hospital in Suez Governorate. Four people faced trial on charges of causing lethal injury and FGM, including the girl's mother and medical staff as per an Amnesty 2016/2017 report.

In March 2021, the Egyptian Senate approved a new bill that would punish whoever conducts genital mutilation to five years in prison, while the act which results in a permanent handicap would lead to seven years with hard labor, and in case of death, the imprisonment should be no less than ten years. Women continued to lack adequate protection from sexual and gender-based violence, as well as gender discrimination in law and practice, particularly under personal status laws regulating divorce.

### Sexual violence against LGBTQ Egyptians

With the rise of LGBTQ rallies and protests in Egypt, a light is also being shed on the rise of sexual violence against the community. Egypt also has a ninth Article in its Penal code that deems homosexuality a criminal act and punishment for it an imprisonment "from 6 months to three years" and the person convicted can end up staying in person for up to 12 years depending on their act of "habitual debauchery." In 2015, a Harvard paper written on the topic of LGBTQ members in Egypt suggests that the reasonings behind the country's resentment towards the community is that the country is "largely conservative" and that the hatred is "rooted in societal gender and sexual norms."

In 2017, it was reported that "dozens" of LGBTQ Egyptians were arrested under the government of el-Sisi, and were charged for "sexual deviance," "insulting public morals," and "debauchery" and arrested due to those charges. Also, on October of that same year, an Egyptian member of the Parliament put forth the introduction of a bill that "criminalizes homosexuality" and a total of 60 members were ready to approve it as they signed it.

In 2020, a "crackdown" of LGBTQ members in Egypt began by the government. Police forces "entraped" members of the community through "social networking sites and dating applications" and gave them "harsh prison sentences." The detainees were a subject of "verbal and physical abuse" by police, and were given "forced anal exams" and "virginity tests." One woman reported that, due to the sexual abuse she endured from police, she "bled for three days and could not walk for weeks." Some detainees also claimed that the police allowed other inmates to abuse and torture them.

### Personal status laws

#### Inheritance

As sectarianism is embedded in the political and judicial system, Egypt does not have a unified family law. Different laws apply based on one's religion. In case of Muslim family law, when someone passes away, two-thirds of their estate is distributed according to compulsory inheritance rules, wherein Muslim women receive half the inheritance of what their brothers get.

In 2019, a Coptic Christian woman challenged the Islamic rules, arguing that since Egypt allows for Christians to settle their own matters without Islamic influence, Egypt's inheritance laws do not apply to her. The court ruled in her favor, marking a landmark case.

### Representation of women in politics

A constitutional referendum was held in Egypt in 2012. A constituent assembly was elected which drafted the new constitution. Of the 100 members of the assembly, only 7 were women. After the 2013 Egyptian coup d'état another constituent assembly was elected for a constitutional referendum in which 5 of the 50 members were women.

In the 2015 Egyptian parliamentary election women won 75 of the 568 seats up for election. A further 14 women and 14 men were appointed by president Sisi. With a percentage of 14.9%, it was the highest representation of women in Egyptian parliament yet.

## Marriage and divorce

Marriage was considered a very important part in ancient Egyptian society. Marriage was an almost completely private affair, and as a result, not many records of marriage were kept. Furthermore, not all Egyptian marriages were arranged, rather, most daughters had persuaded their families for their approval towards their future spouses.

Egyptian women who were married were highly acknowledged. It was common for females to marry after the age of menstruation, such as age 14. They were usually considered married after they had left the protection of their father's house. It had also been acknowledged that though the woman became under her spouse's care, her husband did not become her legal guardian and the woman remained independent while controlling her own assets. For the non-royal women in ancient Egypt, the title of wife also came with the title "Mistress of the House". The role as a wife included taking care of the household.

Egypt's laws pertaining to marriage and divorce have changed over the years, however they have generally favored the social position of men, although reform continues. Egypt retained the inclusion of Islamic law in dealings of family law, following on from its judicial and administrative independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1874. Muslim husbands were traditionally allowed to have up to four wives at a time in accordance with Islamic religious custom, but a woman could have only one husband at a time. A Muslim man could divorce his wife with ease by saying "I divorce thee" on three separate occasions in the presence of witnesses. The first reforms that changed this state of affairs came in the 1920s with Law No.25 of 1920 and 1929. These reforms included the following specifics regarding legitimate grounds for a woman requesting a divorce:

1. If her husband failed to provide maintenance. (nafaqah)
2. If her husband was found to have a dangerous or contagious disease.
3. If she was deserted by her husband.
4. If she was maltreated by her husband.

In 1971, further reforms were made. Dr. Aisha Ratib became Minister of Social Affairs and in November the following revisions were suggested and implemented:

1. That the age for legal marriage should be raised to 18 for women and 21 for men
2. That the permission of a judge was required for polygamy
3. That divorces could not take place without a judge being present
4. That the mother should be allowed a greater period of guardianship, but also that guardianship in the case of divorce should go to the parent deemed most suitable to provide it
5. That judges should have more involvement in family law cases, and that female judges should be considered to deal with family law cases.

The government amended the laws relating to personal status in 1979. The amendments, which became known as the "women's rights law," were in the form of a presidential decree and subsequently approved by the People's Assembly. The leading orthodox Islamic clergy endorsed these amendments, but Islamist groups opposed them as state infringements of religious precepts and campaigned for their repeal. The amendments stated that polygamy was legally harmful to a first wife and entitled her to sue for divorce within a year after learning of her husband's second marriage. The amendments also entitled the first wife to compensation.

A husband retained the right to divorce his wife without recourse to the courts, but he was required to file for his divorce before witnesses at a registrar's office and officially and immediately to inform his wife. The divorced wife was entitled to alimony equivalent to one year's maintenance in addition to compensation equivalent to two years' maintenance; a court could increase these amounts under extenuating circumstances such as the dissolution of a long marriage. The divorced wife automatically retained custody of sons under the age of ten and daughters under twelve; courts could extend the mother's custody of minors until their eighteenth birthdays.

In 1985 Egyptian authorities ruled that the amendments of 1979 were unconstitutional because they had been enacted through a presidential decree while the People's Assembly was not in session. A new law reversed many of the rights accorded to women in 1979. A woman lost her automatic right to divorce her husband if he married a second wife. She could still petition a court to consider her case, but a judge would grant a divorce only if it were in the interests of the family. If a divorce were granted, the judge would also determine what was an appropriate residence for the divorced woman and her children.

The changes in divorce legislation in 1979 and 1985 did not significantly alter the divorce rate, which has been relatively high since the early 1950s. About one in five marriages ended in divorce in the 1980s. Remarriage was common, and most divorced men and women expected to wed again. Seven out of ten divorces took place within the first five years of marriage, and one out of three in the first year. The divorce rate depended on residence and level of education. The highest divorce rates were among the urban lower class, the lowest rates among the villagers of Upper Egypt. Throughout the country, as much as 95 percent of all divorces occurred among couples who were illiterate.

Marital rape is not specifically outlawed in Egypt.

## Notable Egyptian women

**General:**

This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. *Country Studies*. Federal Research Division. (Data from 1990.)

## Sources

* Beatty, Chester. 1998. egyptology.com (accessed April 12, 2009)
* Brunner, Emma. 1979. Birth of Hatshepsut web.archive.org (accessed April 12, 2009).
* Dunham, D. 1917. Naga-ed-Der Stelae of the First Intermediate Period. fordham.edu (accessed April 12, 2009).
* Piccione, Peter A. 1995. The Status of Women in Ancient Egyptian Society. web.archive.org (accessed April 12, 2009).
* Tappan, Eva March. 1914. The World's Story: A History of the World in Story, Song and Art. fordham.edu (accessed April 12, 2009)
* The Statues of Women in Egyptian Society. library.cornell.edu (accessed April 12, 2009)
* Ward, William. The Egyptian Economy and Non-royal Women: Their Status in Public Life. stoa.org (accessed April 12, 2009)
* Women in Ancient Egypt." Women in Ancient Egypt. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Sept. 2016. Women in Ancient Egypt
* El-Ashmawy, Nadeen. "Sexual Harassment in Egypt." Hawwa 15, no. 3 (2017): 225–256.

## InfoBox

Women in Egypt
| General Statistics | |
| --- | --- |
| Maternal mortality (per 100,000) | 66 (2010) |
| Women in parliament | 14.9% (2015) |
| Women over 25 with secondary education | 43.4% (2010) |
| Women in labour force | 26% (2014) |
| Gender Inequality Index | |
| Value | 0.443 (2021) |
| Rank | 109th out of 191 |
| Global Gender Gap Index | |
| Value | 0.635 (2022) |
| Rank | 129th out of 146 |


title: List of Iowa Hawkeyes football honorees

text:
# List of Iowa Hawkeyes football honorees

The Iowa Hawkeyes football team was founded in 1889 to represent the University of Iowa in intercollegiate competition, and it has participated in the sport every season since. Over the course of the team's history, individual Hawkeye players of exceptional ability have received many accolades.

Iowa has had several players inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame, College Football Hall of Fame, Canadian Football Hall of Fame, and Iowa Sports Hall of Fame. Individual Hawkeyes have won many prestigious national awards, including the Outland Trophy, the Davey O'Brien Award, the Doak Walker Award, the Jim Thorpe Award, and the Heisman Trophy. 92 Hawkeyes have been named a first-team or second-team All-American, and 28 have been named consensus first-team All-Americans.

The Iowa Hawkeyes have had ten players win the Big Ten Most Valuable Player Award, and 219 Hawks have earned All-Big Ten recognition. Iowa has had 244 NFL draft picks, and several former Hawkeye players have gone on to become NFL head coaches or Division I college head coaches.

## National honorees

### Annual awards

## Individual award winners

## Coaching award winners

## Team Awards

## Heisman Trophy nominees

The most prestigious of these individual awards is the Heisman Trophy. Nile Kinnick won the award in 1939, and four other Hawkeyes have placed second in the voting. In all, nine Hawkeye players have finished in the top ten in the Heisman Trophy balloting, with Chuck Long doing so twice:

| Season | Player | Heisman Finish |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1939 | Nile Kinnick | First |
| 1955 | Cal Jones | Tenth |
| 1956 | Ken Ploen | Ninth |
| 1957 | Alex Karras | Second |
| 1958 | Randy Duncan | Second |
| 1984 | Chuck Long | Seventh |
| 1985 | Chuck Long | Second |
| 1997 | Tim Dwight | Seventh |
| 2002 | Brad Banks | Second |
| 2008 | Shonn Greene | Sixth |

## Hall of Fame inductees

### College Football Hall of Fame

Nile Kinnick, Duke Slater, and coach Howard Jones were all inducted in the inaugural College Football Hall of Fame class in 1951. In all, eleven players and six coaches now represent Iowa in the College Football Hall of Fame:

| **College Football Hall of Fame** | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Name | Position | Tenure | Year Inducted |
| Howard Jones | Coach | 1916–23 | 1951 |
| Duke Slater |  | 1918–21 | 1951 |
| Nile Kinnick | QB | 1936–39 | 1951 |
| Gordon Locke | FB | 1920–22 | 1960 |
| Eddie Anderson | Coach | 1939–49 | 1971 |
| Aubrey Devine | QB | 1919–21 | 1973 |
| Slip Madigan | Coach | 1943–44 | 1974 |
| Cal Jones |  | 1952–55 | 1980 |
| Alex Karras | DT | 1954–57 | 1981 |
| Randy Duncan | QB | 1956–58 | 1997 |
| Chuck Long | QB | 1981–85 | 1999 |
| Forest Evashevski | Coach | 1952–60 | 2000 |
| Hayden Fry | Coach | 1979–98 | 2003 |
| Larry Station | LB | 1982–85 | 2009 |
| Andre Tippett | DE | 1979–82 | 2021 |
| Bob Stoops | Coach | 1983-87 | 2021 |
| Robert Gallery |  | 2000-03 | 2023 |

### Pro Football Hall of Fame

Five Hawkeyes have been inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame:

| **Pro Football Hall of Fame** | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Name | Position | Teams | Year Inducted |
| Emlen Tunnell | DB | New York Giants, Green Bay Packers | 1967 |
| Paul Krause |  | Minnesota Vikings, Washington Redskins | 1998 |
| Andre Tippett | LB | New England Patriots | 2008 |
| Duke Slater | OT | Milwaukee Badgers, Rock Island Independents, Chicago Cardinals | 2020 |
| Alex Karras | DT | Detroit Lions | 2020 |

### Canadian Football Hall of Fame

Three Hawkeyes have been inducted into the Canadian Football Hall of Fame for their play in the Canadian Football League:

| **Canadian Football Hall of Fame** | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Name | Position | Teams | Year Inducted |
| Ken Ploen | QB | Winnipeg Blue Bombers | 1975 |
| Willie Fleming | RB | BC Lions | 1982 |
| Frank Rigney | OT | Winnipeg Blue Bombers | 1985 |

### Iowa Sports Hall of Fame

The Iowa Sports Hall of Fame, sponsored by the *Des Moines Register*, honors outstanding athletes and sports contributors. To be eligible, members must have either been born in Iowa or gained prominence while competing for a college or university in Iowa. Aubrey Devine, Nile Kinnick, and Duke Slater were three of the five football players inducted when the Hall was founded in 1951. 25 Hawkeye players and 3 Hawkeye coaches have been inducted into the Iowa Sports Hall of Fame:

| **Iowa Sports Hall of Fame** | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Name | Year Inducted | Name | Year Inducted |
| Aubrey Devine | 1951 | Mike Enich | 1983 |
| Duke Slater | 1951 | Paul Krause | 1985 |
| Nile Kinnick | 1951 | Ed Podolak | 1986 |
| Clyde Williams | 1956 | Wally Hilgenberg | 1987 |
| Gordon Locke | 1958 | Jack Dittmer | 1988 |
| Billy Edson | 1959 | Forest Evashevski | 1989 |
| Joe Laws | 1961 | Larry Station | 2000 |
| Eddie Anderson | 1962 | Chuck Long | 2001 |
| Stub Stewart | 1965 | Ken Ploen | 2002 |
| Cal Jones | 1971 | Reggie Roby | 2003 |
| Willis Glassgow | 1973 | Hayden Fry | 2004 |
| Emlen Tunnell | 1975 | Andre Tippett | 2006 |
| Randy Duncan | 1976 | Tavian Banks | 2013 |
| Alex Karras | 1977 | Tim Dwight | 2014 |

### University of Iowa Athletics Hall of Fame

The University of Iowa started an Athletics Hall of Fame in 1989. Ten football players were inducted in the initial class, and it has since expanded to include 50 football players and coaches:

| **University of Iowa Athletics Hall of Fame** | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Name | Year Inducted | Name | Year Inducted |
| Aubrey Devine | 1989 | Stub Barron | 1998 |
| Willis Glassgow | 1989 | Emlen Tunnell | 1998 |
| Cal Jones | 1989 | Paul Krause | 2000 |
| Alex Karras | 1989 | Stub Stewart | 2000 |
| Nile Kinnick | 1989 | Bill Reichardt | 2001 |
| Gordon Locke | 1989 | Homer Harris | 2002 |
| Erwin Prasse | 1989 | Francis Schammel | 2003 |
| Ozzie Simmons | 1989 | Hayden Fry | 2004 |
| Duke Slater | 1989 | Mike Reilly | 2005 |
| Forest Evashevski | 1989 | Larry Station | 2005 |
| Mike Enich | 1990 | John Niland | 2006 |
| Ken Ploen | 1990 | Reggie Roby | 2006 |
| Lester Belding | 1991 | Andre Tippett | 2007 |
| Joe Laws | 1991 | Marv Cook | 2008 |
| Dick Crayne | 1992 | Fred Becker | 2009 |
| Randy Duncan | 1992 | Bob Jeter | 2010 |
| Frank Cuhel | 1993 | Tim Dwight | 2011 |
| Jack Dittmer | 1993 | Sherwyn Thorson | 2011 |
| Clyde Williams | 1993 | Bashir Yamini | 2012 |
| Howard Jones | 1993 | Brad Banks | 2013 |
| Jerry Hilgenberg | 1995 | Craig Clemons | 2013 |
| Emerson Nelson | 1995 | Nate Kaeding | 2014 |
| Al Couppee | 1996 | Don Norton | 2015 |
| Jim Gibbons | 1996 | Willie Brashier | 2015 |
| Chuck Long | 1997 | Dave Haight | 2016 |

## Retired numbers

| **Iowa Hawkeyes retired numbers** | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| No. | Player | Position | Tenure |
| **24** | Nile Kinnick | QB | 1936–39 |
| **62** | Cal Jones | OG | 1952–55 |

Two numbers have been retired by the Hawkeye football program, Nile Kinnick's #24 and Cal Jones' #62. Both Kinnick and Jones were consensus first team All-Americans, and both men died in separate plane crashes before their 25th birthday.

Kinnick won the University of Iowa's only Heisman Trophy in 1939 and is the man for whom Kinnick Stadium is named. Jones was the first African-American to win the Outland Trophy and is the only Hawkeye to be named first-team All-American three times.

## All-American selections

Each year, numerous publications and organizations release lists of All-America teams, hypothetical rosters of players considered the best in the nation at their respective positions. The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) uses officially recognized All-America selectors to determine the consensus selections. Over time, the sources used to determine the consensus selections have varied. Currently, the NCAA uses five "major" selectors to determine consensus All-Americans: the Associated Press (AP), American Football Coaches Association (AFCA), Football Writers Association of America (FWAA), *The Sporting News* (TSN), and the Walter Camp Football Foundation (WCFF). Many other publications and organization compile their own "minor" All-America teams in addition to the selectors listed here.

Clyde Williams is often referred to as "Iowa's first All-American". Williams, who led the Hawkeyes to its first Big Ten championship in 1900, was named a third-team All-American by Walter Camp that season. Williams was the first player west of the Mississippi River to garner All-American honors. However, since the following list constitutes only first-team and second-team All-Americans, Williams is not included here.

Iowa has had 77 first-team All-Americans and 33 second-team All-Americans. Of Iowa's 77 first-team All-Americans, 33 were consensus first-team All-American selections (31 individuals as Cal Jones and Larry Station won the award twice), while 15 were unanimous first-team selections. As of 2023, Iowa's 15 unanimous All Americans is tied for 11th most in college football history.

| Key | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Consensus/Unanimous first-team selection | First-team selection | Second-team selection |
|

| Season | Player | Remarks |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1912 | Jim Trickey |  |
| 1916 | Fred Becker |  |
| 1919 | Lester Belding |  |
| 1919 | Duke Slater |  |
| 1920 | Lester Belding | Second selection |
| 1921 | Aubrey Devine |  |
| 1921 | Gordon Locke |  |
| 1921 | Duke Slater | Second selection |
| 1922 | Max Kadesky |  |
| 1922 | Gordon Locke | Second first-team selection |
| 1924 | John Hancock |  |
| 1925 | Dick Romey |  |
| 1926 | Emerson Nelson |  |
| 1928 | Willis Glassgow |  |
| 1928 | Peter Westra |  |
| 1929 | Willis Glassgow | Second selection |
| 1933 | Joe Laws |  |
| 1933 | Francis Schammel |  |
| 1934 | Ozzie Simmons |  |
| 1935 | Ozzie Simmons | Second selection |
| 1939 | Nile Kinnick |  |
| 1939 | Erwin Prasse |  |
| 1940 | Mike Enich |  |
| 1948 | Bill Kay |  |
| 1951 | Bill Reichardt |  |
| 1953 | Jerry Hilgenberg |  |
| 1953 | Cal Jones |  |
| 1954 | Cal Jones | Second first-team selection |
| 1955 | Cal Jones | Second consensus selection;
Third first-team selection |
| 1956 | Frank Gilliam |  |
| 1956 | Alex Karras |  |
| 1956 | Ken Ploen |  |
| 1956 | Don Suchy |  |
| 1957 | Jim Gibbons |  |
| 1957 | Alex Karras | Second first-team selection |
| 1958 | Randy Duncan* | Unanimous selection |
| 1958 | Curt Merz |  |

| Season | Player | Remarks |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1959 | Don Norton |  |
| 1960 | Larry Ferguson |  |
| 1960 | Wilburn Hollis |  |
| 1960 | Mark Manders |  |
| 1961 | Bill Van Buren |  |
| 1963 | Mike Reilly |  |
| 1964 | John Niland |  |
| 1964 | Karl Noonan |  |
| 1965 | Dave Long |  |
| 1965 | John Niland | Second selection |
| 1971 | Craig Clemons |  |
| 1975 | Joe Devlin |  |
| 1975 | Rod Walters |  |
| 1979 | Dennis Mosley |  |
| 1980 | John Harty |  |
| 1981 | Pat Dean |  |
| 1981 | Reggie Roby |  |
| 1981 | Andre Tippett |  |
| 1982 | Mark Bortz |  |
| 1982 | Reggie Roby | Second first-team selection |
| 1983 | Joel Hilgenberg |  |
| 1983 | Larry Station |  |
| 1984 | Ronnie Harmon |  |
| 1984 | Jonathan Hayes |  |
| 1984 | Larry Station | Second selection |
| 1985 | Ronnie Harmon | Second selection |
| 1985 | Chuck Long* | Unanimous selection |
| 1985 | Larry Station* | Unanimous selection;
Second consensus selection;
Third selection |
| 1986 | Dave Croston |  |
| 1987 | Dave Haight |  |
| 1988 | Marv Cook |  |
| 1988 | Dave Haight | Second selection |
| 1990 | Nick Bell |  |
| 1990 | Merton Hanks |  |
| 1991 | Leroy Smith |  |
| 1992 | Mike Devlin |  |

| Season | Player | Remarks |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1996 | Tim Dwight |  |
| 1997 | Tavian Banks |  |
| 1997 | Jared DeVries |  |
| 1997 | Tim Dwight | Second first-team selection |
| 1998 | Jared DeVries | Second selection |
| 2002 | Brad Banks |  |
| 2002 | Dallas Clark* | Unanimous selection |
| 2002 | Nate Kaeding |  |
| 2002 | Bruce Nelson |  |
| 2002 | Eric Steinbach |  |
| 2003 | Robert Gallery* | Unanimous selection |
| 2003 | Nate Kaeding | Second first-team selection |
| 2003 | Bob Sanders |  |
| 2004 | Chad Greenway |  |
| 2004 | Matt Roth |  |
| 2005 | Chad Greenway | Second selection |
| 2008 | Shonn Greene* | Unanimous selection |
| 2008 | Mitch King |  |
| 2009 | Pat Angerer |  |
| 2009 | Bryan Bulaga |  |
| 2010 | Adrian Clayborn |  |
| 2011 | Riley Reiff |  |
| 2014 | Brandon Scherff* | Unanimous selection |
| 2015 | Desmond King* | Unanimous selection |
| 2016 | Desmond King | Second selection |
| 2017 | Josey Jewell* | Unanimous selection |
| 2017 | Josh Jackson* | Unanimous selection |
| 2018 | T. J. Hockenson |  |
| 2019 | Keith Duncan |  |
| 2019 | Tristan Wirfs |  |
| 2019 | A. J. Epenesa |  |
| 2020 | Daviyon Nixon* | Unanimous selection |
| 2021 | Tyler Linderbaum* | Unanimous selection |
| 2022 | Jack Campbell* | Unanimous selection |
| 2023 | Cooper DeJean* | Unanimous selection |
| 2023 | Tory Taylor* | Unanimous selection |
| 2023 | Jay Higgins |  |

*—Unanimous selection

## Big Ten honorees

### Most Valuable Players

The Chicago Tribune Silver Football has been awarded since 1924 by the *Chicago Tribune* to the college football player determined to be the Most Valuable Player of the Big Ten Conference. Ten Hawkeyes have won the Big Ten MVP award, the third largest number of winners by any school, trailing only Michigan and Ohio State:

| Inducted | Player |
| --- | --- |
| 1929 | Willis Glassgow |
| 1933 | Joe Laws |
| 1939 | Nile Kinnick |
| 1951 | Bill Reichardt |
| 1956 | Ken Ploen |
|

| Inducted | Player |
| --- | --- |
| 1958 | Randy Duncan |
| 1985 | Chuck Long |
| 1990 | Nick Bell |
| 2002 | Brad Banks |
| 2008 | Shonn Greene |

### Annual individual honors

Coaches and media of the Big Ten also make annual selections for additional individual honors:

| Big Ten Conference Award | Recipient(s) and year received |
| --- | --- |
| Offensive Player of the Year | Chuck Long (1985); Nick Bell & Matt Rodgers (1990); Tavian Banks (1997); Brad Banks (2002); Shonn Greene (2008) |
| Defensive Player of the Year | Leroy Smith (1991); Josey Jewell (2017); Daviyon Nixon (2020); Jack Campbell (2022) |
| Offensive Lineman of the Year | Mike Haight (1985); Dave Croston (1986); Mike Devlin (1992); Eric Steinbach (2002); Robert Gallery (2003); Bryan Bulaga (2009); Brandon Scherff (2014); Tristan Wirfs (2019); Tyler Linderbaum (2021) |
| Receiver of the Year | Marvin McNutt (2011) |
| Tight End of the Year | T. J. Hockenson (2018); Sam LaPorta (2022) |
| Defensive Lineman of the Year | Paul Hufford (1984); Dave Haight (1987); Leroy Smith (1991); Jared DeVries (1997); Mitch King (2008); Daviyon Nixon (2020) |
| Linebacker of the Year | Josey Jewell (2017) Jack Campbell (2022) |
| Defensive Back of the Year | Micah Hyde (2012); Desmond King (2015); Josh Jackson (2017); Amani Hooker (2018); Riley Moss (2021); Cooper DeJean (2023) |
| Kicker of the Year | Keith Duncan (2019) |
| Punter of the Year | Tory Taylor (2020 & 2023) |
| Return Specialist of the Year | Ihmir Smith-Marsette (2018); Charlie Jones (2021); Cooper DeJean (2023) |
| Coach of the Year | Hayden Fry (1981, 1990, & 1991); Kirk Ferentz (2002, 2004, 2009 & 2015) |
| Athlete of the Year | Chuck Long (1986) |

### All-conference selections

Through the 2023 season, Iowa has had 256 first team All-Big Ten selections, comprising 190 players, starting with Clyde Williams and Joe Warner in 1900. There have been 56 players named multiple years, 10 of whom were three-time selections.

| Key | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| First selection | Second selection | Third selection |
|

| Season | Player |
| --- | --- |
| 1900 | Joe Warner |
| 1900 | Clyde Williams |
| 1912 | Jim Trickey |
| 1913 | Ralph McGinnis |
| 1916 | Fred Becker |
| 1918 | Harry Hunzelman |
| 1918 | Ronald Reed |
| 1919 | Lester Belding |
| 1919 | Aubrey Devine |
| 1919 | Fred Lohman |
| 1919 | Duke Slater |
| 1920 | Lester Belding |
| 1920 | Aubrey Devine |
| 1920 | Duke Slater |
| 1921 | Lester Belding |
| 1921 | Aubrey Devine |
| 1921 | John Heldt |
| 1921 | Max Kadesky |
| 1921 | Gordon Locke |
| 1921 | Chester Mead |
| 1921 | Duke Slater |
| 1922 | Gordon Locke |
| 1922 | Paul Minick |
| 1922 | George Thompson |
| 1923 | Lowell Otte |
| 1924 | William Fleckenstein |
| 1924 | John Hancock |
| 1924 | Lowell Otte |
| 1924 | Leland Parkin |
| 1925 | Dick Romey |
| 1926 | Emerson Nelson |
| 1927 | Emerson Nelson |
| 1928 | Richard Brown |
| 1928 | Willis Glassgow |
| 1928 | Fred Roberts |
| 1928 | Peter Westra |
| 1929 | Willis Glassgow |
| 1929 | Fred Roberts |
| 1933 | Joe Laws |
| 1933 | Francis Schammel |
| 1934 | Ozzie Simmons |
| 1935 | Ozzie Simmons |
| 1937 | Nile Kinnick |
| 1937 | Robert Lannon |
| 1938 | Erwin Prasse |
| 1939 | Mike Enich |
| 1939 | Nile Kinnick |
| 1939 | Erwin Prasse |
| 1940 | Mike Enich |
| 1942 | Tom Farmer |
| 1946 | Earl Banks |
| 1946 | Dick Hoerner |
| 1948 | William Kay |
| 1950 | Bill Reichardt |
| 1951 | Bill Reichardt |
| 1952 | Bill Fenton |
| 1953 | Jerry Hilgenberg |
| 1953 | Cal Jones |
| 1954 | Cal Jones |
| 1955 | Cal Jones |
| 1955 | Eddie Vincent |
| 1956 | Frank Gilliam |
| 1956 | Alex Karras |
| 1956 | Ken Ploen |
| 1956 | Donald Suchy |
| 1957 | Frank Bloomquist |
| 1957 | Randy Duncan |
| 1957 | Jim Gibbons |
| 1957 | Alex Karras |

| Season | Player |
| --- | --- |
| 1958 | Randy Duncan |
| 1958 | Willie Fleming |
| 1959 | Bob Jeter |
| 1959 | Bill Lapham |
| 1959 | Don Norton |
| 1960 | Larry Ferguson |
| 1960 | Wilburn Hollis |
| 1960 | Mark Manders |
| 1962 | Larry Ferguson |
| 1963 | Wally Hilgenberg |
| 1963 | Mike Reilly |
| 1964 | Karl Noonan |
| 1964 | Gary Snook |
| 1965 | John Niland |
| 1968 | Jon Meskimen |
| 1968 | Ed Podolak |
| 1969 | Jon Meskimen |
| 1971 | Craig Clemons |
| 1973 | Brian Rollins |
| 1974 | Earl Douthitt |
| 1975 | Joe Devlin |
| 1975 | Rod Walters |
| 1977 | Tom Rusk |
| 1979 | Jay Hilgenberg |
| 1979 | Dennis Mosley |
| 1979 | Leven Weiss |
| 1980 | Andre Tippett |
| 1981 | Mark Bortz |
| 1981 | Mel Cole |
| 1981 | Pat Dean |
| 1981 | Ron Hallstrom |
| 1981 | Lou King |
| 1981 | Reggie Roby |
| 1981 | Andre Tippett |
| 1982 | Mark Bortz |
| 1982 | Reggie Roby |
| 1982 | Bob Stoops |
| 1983 | John Alt |
| 1983 | Paul Hufford |
| 1983 | Chuck Long |
| 1983 | Dave Moritz |
| 1983 | Larry Station |
| 1983 | Mike Stoops |
| 1984 | Ronnie Harmon |
| 1984 | Paul Hufford |
| 1984 | George Little |
| 1984 | Chuck Long |
| 1984 | Devon Mitchell |
| 1984 | Larry Station |
| 1984 | Mike Stoops |
| 1985 | Jeff Drost |
| 1985 | Mike Haight |
| 1985 | Ronnie Harmon |
| 1985 | Rob Houghtlin |
| 1985 | Chuck Long |
| 1985 | Jay Norvell |
| 1985 | Hap Peterson |
| 1985 | Larry Station |
| 1986 | Rick Bayless |
| 1986 | Dave Croston |
| 1986 | Jeff Drost |
| 1986 | Dave Haight |
| 1986 | Bob Kratch |
| 1987 | Kerry Burt |
| 1987 | Marv Cook |
| 1987 | Quinn Early |
| 1987 | Dave Haight |
| 1987 | Chuck Hartlieb |
| 1987 | Rob Houghtlin |

| Season | Player |
| --- | --- |
| 1988 | Marv Cook |
| 1988 | Dave Haight |
| 1988 | Deven Harberts |
| 1988 | Chuck Hartlieb |
| 1988 | Bob Kratch |
| 1988 | Joe Mott |
| 1988 | Brad Quast |
| 1989 | Jim Johnson |
| 1989 | Brad Quast |
| 1990 | Nick Bell |
| 1990 | Melvin Foster |
| 1990 | Merton Hanks |
| 1990 | Jim Johnson |
| 1990 | Matt Rodgers |
| 1991 | Mike Devlin |
| 1991 | Leroy Smith |
| 1992 | Alan Cross |
| 1992 | Carlos James |
| 1992 | Mike Wells |
| 1993 | Carlos James |
| 1993 | Mike Wells |
| 1995 | Nick Gallery |
| 1996 | Jared DeVries |
| 1996 | Nick Gallery |
| 1996 | Damien Robinson |
| 1996 | Sedrick Shaw |
| 1996 | Ross Verba |
| 1997 | Tavian Banks |
| 1997 | Jared DeVries |
| 1997 | Tim Dwight |
| 1997 | Mike Goff |
| 1998 | Jared DeVries |
| 2001 | Aaron Kampman |
| 2001 | Bob Sanders |
| 2001 | Eric Steinbach |
| 2002 | Brad Banks |
| 2002 | Fred Barr |
| 2002 | Dallas Clark |
| 2002 | Colin Cole |
| 2002 | Robert Gallery |
| 2002 | Howard Hodges |
| 2002 | Nate Kaeding |
| 2002 | Bruce Nelson |
| 2002 | Fred Russell |
| 2002 | Bob Sanders |
| 2002 | Eric Steinbach |
| 2003 | Robert Gallery |
| 2003 | Abdul Hodge |
| 2003 | Nate Kaeding |
| 2003 | Matt Roth |
| 2003 | Bob Sanders |
| 2004 | Jonathan Babineaux |
| 2004 | Chad Greenway |
| 2004 | Abdul Hodge |
| 2004 | Matt Roth |
| 2004 | Drew Tate |
| 2005 | Chad Greenway |
| 2005 | Kenny Iwebema |
| 2005 | Jovon Johnson |
| 2006 | Mike Jones |
| 2007 | Mitch King |
| 2008 | Shonn Greene |
| 2008 | Mitch King |
| 2008 | Brandon Myers |
| 2008 | Seth Olsen |
| 2009 | Pat Angerer |
| 2009 | Bryan Bulaga |
| 2009 | Adrian Clayborn |
| 2009 | Tony Moeaki |

| Season | Player |
| --- | --- |
| 2009 | Dace Richardson |
| 2009 | Tyler Sash |
| 2009 | Amari Spievey |
| 2010 | Adrian Clayborn |
| 2010 | Derrell Johnson-Koulianos |
| 2010 | Shaun Prater |
| 2010 | Tyler Sash |
| 2011 | Marvin McNutt |
| 2011 | Shaun Prater |
| 2011 | Riley Reiff |
| 2012 | Micah Hyde |
| 2013 | B.J. Lowery |
| 2013 | Brandon Scherff |
| 2013 | C. J. Fiedorowicz |
| 2014 | Brandon Scherff |
| 2015 | Desmond King |
| 2015 | Jordan Walsh |
| 2016 | Jaleel Johnson |
| 2016 | Desmond King |
| 2017 | Josey Jewell |
| 2017 | Josh Jackson |
| 2017 | Sean Welsh |
| 2018 | Noah Fant |
| 2018 | T. J. Hockenson |
| 2018 | Amani Hooker |
| 2018 | A. J. Epenesa |
| 2018 | Ihmir Smith-Marsette |
| 2019 | A. J. Epenesa |
| 2019 | Keith Duncan |
| 2019 | Tristan Wirfs |
| 2020 | Tyler Goodson |
| 2020 | Tyler Linderbaum |
| 2020 | Alaric Jackson |
| 2020 | Chauncey Golston |
| 2020 | Daviyon Nixon |
| 2020 | Tory Taylor |
| 2021 | Tyler Linderbaum |
| 2021 | Riley Moss |
| 2021 | Dane Belton |
| 2021 | Jack Campbell |
| 2021 | Charlie Jones |
| 2021 | Caleb Shudak |
| 2022 | Sam LaPorta |
| 2022 | Jack Campbell |
| 2022 | Cooper DeJean |
| 2022 | Tory Taylor |
| 2023 | Jay Higgins |
| 2023 | Cooper DeJean |
| 2023 | Tory Taylor |

| Season | Player |
| --- | --- |

## All-time team

In 1989, Iowa fans selected an all-time University of Iowa football team during the 100th anniversary celebration of Iowa football. Twelve starters and eight honorable mentions were selected on both offense and defense, along with a Most Valuable Player:

| Most Valuable Player |
| --- |
| Nile Kinnick |

| Offense | |
| --- | --- |
| Position | Player |
| E | Marv Cook |
| E | Jim Gibbons |
| OL | Mike Enich |
| OL | Calvin Jones |
| OL | Jerry Hilgenberg |
| OL | John Niland |
| OL | Duke Slater |
| QB | Chuck Long |
| RB | Ozzie Simmons |
| RB | Aubrey Devine |
| RB | Ronnie Harmon |
| PK | Rob Houghtlin |
| Honorable Mention | |
| Position | Player |
| OL | Dave Croston |
| OL | Joe Devlin |
| QB | Randy Duncan |
| RB | Larry Ferguson |
| RB | Joe Laws |
| RB | Ed Podolak |
| RB | Bill Reichardt |
| E | Erwin Prasse |

| Defense | |
| --- | --- |
| Position | Player |
| E | Frank Gilliam |
| E | Andre Tippett |
| DL | Mark Bortz |
| DL | Dave Haight |
| DL | Alex Karras |
| LB | Mike Reilly |
| LB | Larry Station |
| DB | Craig Clemons |
| DB | Willis Glassgow |
| DB | Gordon Locke |
| DB | Ken Ploen |
| P | Reggie Roby |
| Honorable Mention | |
| Position | Player |
| E | Lester Belding |
| LB | Wally Hilgenberg |
| DB | Devon Mitchell |
| DE | Joe Mott |
| LB | Brad Quast |
| DB | Bill Reichardt |
| DB | Bob Stoops |
| DB | Mike Stoops |

## NCAA FBS all-time records

The following is a list of team and individual NCAA FBS records that are held by the Iowa Hawkeyes.

* Best Perfect Passing Game - Iowa vs. Northwestern, 2002 - 12 for 12 (100 PCT.)
* Most Touchdowns on Fumble Returns - Iowa vs. Minnesota, 1994 - 2 (tied)
* Most Opponent's Field Goals Blocked, One Quarter - Iowa vs. Northern Iowa, 2009 - 2 (tied)
* Most Games Gaining 100 or More Rushing in a Season - Shonn Greene, 2008–13
* Most Consecutive Rushes for a Touchdown in a Game - Aaron Greving, Iowa vs. Kent State 2001 - 3 (tied), (TD's for 14, 1, & 26 yards)
* Highest Average per Punt in a Season (min. 40-49 punts) - Reggie Roby, 1981 - 49.8 (44 for 2,193)
* Most Passes Intercepted by a Linebacker in One Game - Grant Steen, Iowa vs. Indiana 2002 - 3 (tied)
* Players Gaining 1,000 Yards on Punt Returns and 1,000 Yards on Kickoff Returns in a Career - Tim Dwight, 1994-1997 - (1,051 & 1,133)
* Most Touchdowns Scored on Kick Returns in a Game (At Least One Punt Return & One Kickoff Return) - Kahlil Hill, Iowa vs. Western Michigan 1998 - 2 (tied)
* Most Blocked Field Goals in a Game - Kenny Iwebema, Iowa vs. Syracuse 2008 - 2 (tied)
* Passing for a Touchdown and Scoring on a Pass Reception and Punt Return in a Game - Tim Dwight, Iowa vs. Indiana 1997
* Most Field Goals Made, 50 Yards or More in a Game - Tim Douglas, Iowa vs. Illinois 1998 - 3 (tied), (51, 58, & 51 yards)

## NFL draft picks

Iowa has had at least one player drafted in every NFL draft since 1978. Through the 2023 NFL draft, Iowa has had 290 draft picks: 276 in the NFL, 21 in the AFL, and seven in the AAFC (the AFL and AAFC both later merged with the NFL). Iowa has had the following 26 first round NFL Draft selections:

| Season Player Team Selection  1936 Dick Crayne Brooklyn Dodgers 4th  1958 Alex Karras Detroit Lions 10th  1959 Randy Duncan Green Bay Packers 1st  1966 John Niland Dallas Cowboys 5th  1973 Craig Clemons Chicago Bears 12th  1976 Rod Walters Kansas City Chiefs 14th  1982 Ron Hallstrom Green Bay Packers 22nd  1984 John Alt Kansas City Chiefs 21st  1986 Chuck Long Detroit Lions 12th  1986 Ronnie Harmon Buffalo Bills 16th  1986 Mike Haight New York Jets 22nd  1997 Tom Knight Arizona Cardinals 9th  1997 Ross Verba Green Bay Packers 30th  2003 Dallas Clark Indianapolis Colts 24th  2004 Robert Gallery Oakland Raiders 2nd  2006 Chad Greenway Minnesota Vikings 17th  2010 Bryan Bulaga Green Bay Packers 23rd  2011 Adrian Clayborn Tampa Bay Buccaneers 20th  2012 Riley Reiff Detroit Lions 23rd  2015 Brandon Scherff Washington Redskins 5th  2019 T. J. Hockenson Detroit Lions 8th  2019 Noah Fant Denver Broncos 20th  2020 Tristan Wirfs Tampa Bay Buccaneers 13th  2022 Tyler Linderbaum Baltimore Ravens 25th  2023 Lukas Van Ness Green Bay Packers 13th  2023 Jack Campbell Detroit Lions 18th |
| --- |
|

## Hawkeye head coaches

Several former Hawkeye players have later been named NFL head coaches or Division I college head coaches:

| Coach | Team & Years |
| --- | --- |
| Bret Bielema | Wisconsin, 2006–2012
Arkansas, 2013–present |
| Jim Caldwell | Indianapolis Colts, 2009–2011
Detroit Lions, 2014–2017 |
| Bob Commings | Iowa, 1974–1978 |
| Wesley Fry | Kansas State, 1935–1939 |
| Dennis Green | Northwestern, 1981–1985
Stanford, 1989–1991
Minnesota Vikings, 1992–2001
Arizona Cardinals, 2004–2006 |
| John G. Griffith | Iowa, 1909 |
| Chuck Long | San Diego State, 2006–2008 |
| Dan McCarney | Iowa State, 1995–2006
North Texas, 2011–2015 |
| Jay Norvell | Nevada, 2017–present |
| Leonard Raffensperger | Iowa, 1950–1951 |
| Bob Stoops | Oklahoma, 1999–2016 |
| Mark Stoops | Kentucky, 2013–present |
| Mike Stoops | Arizona, 2004–2011 |
| Clyde Williams | Iowa State, 1907–1912 |
|

## Other notable players

A few notable players not previously mentioned:


title: Vedran

abstract: Vedran is a Slavic masculine given name of Croatian origin, which is also used among Serbs, Slovenes, and Bosniaks. Vedran means clear or cheerful.

text:
# Vedran

**Vedran** is a Slavic masculine given name of Croatian origin, which is also used among Serbs, Slovenes, and Bosniaks. Vedran means clear or cheerful.

## People

## InfoBox

Vedran
| Pronunciation | \[ʋědran\] |
| --- | --- |
| Gender | male |
| Origin | |
| Word/name | Slavic |
| Meaning | *vedar* ("clear, cheerful") |
| Other names | |
| Variant form(s) | Vedrana {f} |
| www.behindthename.com/name/vedran | |


title: Wilhelmine Clauss-Szarvady

abstract: Wilhelmine Clauss-Szarvady was a Bohemian-born French pianist.

text:
# Wilhelmine Clauss-Szarvady

**Wilhelmine Clauss-Szarvady** (12 December 1832  1 September 1907) was a Bohemian-born French pianist.

## Biography

She was born **Wilhelmine Clauss** in Prague. She was recognized as a remarkable talent at a young age and studied piano with Josef Proksch in Prague. Clauss-Szarvady took her first concert tour at the age of 16. In 1850, she met Franz Liszt, who encouraged her in her art and dedicated two works to her. She married the Hungarian journalist and diplomat Frigyes Szarvady in 1855 and moved to Paris. After the birth of a son the following year, she performed less often for a time but later continued performing. Clauss-Szarvady taught Auguste Auspitz-Kolar in Paris.

She preferred works by the grand masters such as Bach, Handel, Beethoven, Mozart, Scarlatti and Schubert but also performed works by more contemporary composers such as Liszt, Wagner and Schumann. Joseph Joachim Raff, Samuel de Lange and Robert Radecke dedicated compositions to her. She is credited with introducing German composers to Paris audiences.

Clauss-Szarvady died in Paris at the age of 74.

## InfoBox

| Wilhelmine Clauss-Szarvady | |
| --- | --- |
| Portrait by Gustav Kruell (1867) | |
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Wilhelmine Clauss |
| Born | (1832-12-12)12 December 1832
Prague, Bohemia |
| Died | 1 September 1907(1907-09-01) (aged 74)
Paris, France |
| Genres | classical |
| Instrument | piano |


title: Rebecca (2016 film)

abstract: Rebecca is a 2016 Ghanaian-Nigerian film directed by Shirley Frimpong-Manso, and starring Yvonne Okoro and Joseph Benjamin. According to Manso, the film was released first in London, before Ghana due to the economic situation of the country causing reduced patronage for films. The film is the second two-cast film that features Nigerian-born actress Yvonne Okoro.

text:
# Rebecca (2016 film)

***Rebecca*** is a 2016 Ghanaian-Nigerian film directed by Shirley Frimpong-Manso, and starring Yvonne Okoro and Joseph Benjamin. According to Manso, the film was released first in London, before Ghana due to the economic situation of the country causing reduced patronage for films. The film is the second two-cast film that features Nigerian-born actress Yvonne Okoro.

## Cast

* Joseph Benjamin as Clifford
* Yvonne Okoro as Rebecca
* Nii Pebie as Attacker 1
* Paakow Annan as Attacker 2

## Plot

The film begins with Clifford (Joseph Benjamin) and Rebecca (Yvonne Okoro) lost in the forest after their vehicle required a repair. It is revealed that Rebecca was betrothed to Clifford since their childhood. While Rebecca remained silent all through the journey and looked unbothered by the utterances by her new husband, Clifford expresses reluctance on being happily married with her since he only wants to fulfill the dying wish of his father. Clifford is bitten by a forest creature, and this leads to the first conversation between them. Rebecca assists him in healing his wound. She also reveals to him that she was previously in love and expresses her disregard in his lack of respect and love for her. After some lengthy discussion between them, they began to get attracted to each other. Rebecca gets kidnapped by two men, this was later revealed to have been orchestrated by Rebecca and her former boyfriend. Rebecca returns to Clifford and explains her plans all along to fake her death and stop his driver from following by poisoning him. After listening and seeing the genuineness of her plea, Clifford accepts her while they both await the rescue team.

## InfoBox

| Rebecca | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Shirley Frimpong-Manso |
| Produced by | Shirley Frimpong Manso
Ken Attoh |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Ken Attoh |
| Edited by | Shirley Frimpong Manso |
| Production
company | Sparrow Production |
| Release date | * 22 January 2016 (2016-01-22) (London) |
| Running time | 86 minutes |
| Countries | Ghana
Nigeria |


title: Uncle Wiggily

abstract: Uncle Wiggily Longears is the main character of a series of children's stories by American author Howard R. Garis. He began writing the stories for the Newark News in 1910. Garis penned an Uncle Wiggily story every day for more than 52 years, and published 79 books in his lifetime. According to his obituary in the Chicago Tribune, a walk in the woods in Verona, New Jersey was his inspiration. The books featured work by several illustrators, notably Lansing Campbell. Other illustrators of the series included George L. Carlson, Louis Wisa, Elmer Rache, Edward Bloomfield, Lang Campbell, and Mary and Wallace Stover.

text:
# Uncle Wiggily

**Uncle Wiggily Longears** is the main character of a series of children's stories by American author Howard R. Garis. He began writing the stories for the *Newark News* in 1910. Garis penned an Uncle Wiggily story every day (except Sundays) for more than 52 years, and published 79 books in his lifetime. According to his obituary in the *Chicago Tribune*, a walk in the woods in Verona, New Jersey was his inspiration. The books featured work by several illustrators, notably Lansing Campbell. Other illustrators of the series included George L. Carlson, Louis Wisa, Elmer Rache, Edward Bloomfield, Lang Campbell, and Mary and Wallace Stover.

## Characters and stories

Uncle Wiggily, an engaging elderly rabbit, is lame from rheumatism. Wherever he goes, he always relies on a red, white, and blue crutch—described as being "striped like a barber-pole", or, in later episodes, "his candy-striped walking cane", with spiral red-and-white striping like a peppermint candy stick.

Uncle Wiggily is only one of many recurring characters in the series. For example, the Pipsisewah is an unsavory bully who appears as a rhinoceros-like creature. His head has a snout with two small horns and large, snorting nostrils; he wears a black, conical cloth hat and patched scarlet trousers, is stout with a giraffe-skin body and bovine tail, and walks upright on two legs. As do the other characters, he has hands, but boar's hooves for feet. He is normally accompanied by the crow-like Skeezicks, in his tall red cap and red-and-yellow-striped suit, and the two of them rarely engage in anything other than mischief harmless to the other characters in the storyline. The Bazumpus, the Crozokus, and the Scuttlemagoon appear less frequently, but are just as outlandish as the aforementioned "Pip" and "Skee", and always require appropriate "handling" by Uncle Wiggily—often with the aid of his animal friends.

There are also several other "bad chaps" in the stories: the Woozy Wolf, Bushy Bear, Skillery Skallery Alligator and the fierce Bobcat, to name but a few. They all seem bent on nibbling the "souse" off Uncle Wiggily's ears, but he always escapes. In shorter, more formulaic stories, his escape is generally enabled by some implement he has just purchased at the store—often while on an errand for his muskrat housekeeper, Nurse Jane Fuzzy Wuzzy. For example, Uncle Wiggily once used an umbrella to foil the Skillery Skallery Alligator by thrusting it into the creature's mouth and opening it, thus preventing his biting the old gentleman rabbit.

Uncle Wiggily also encounters amicable animal characters from his neighborhood, such as Sammie and Susie Littletail (Uncle Wiggily's young nephew and niece), Lulu, Alice, and Jimmie Wibblewobble (duck children), Dr. Possum (local physician), Uncle Butter (goat), Charlie and Arabella Chick, Jackie and Peetie Bow-Wow, Billie and Johnnie Bushytail (squirrel boys), Joie, Tommie, and Kittie Kat, Jennie Chipmunk, Munchie Trot (pony boy), Dottie and Willie Lambkin, Neddie and Beckie Stubtail (friendly bear cubs), as well as many others. In shorter stories, Uncle Wiggily is frequently found helping several of these friends out of some kind of predicament just before one of the bad chaps enters the picture, intent on obtaining "ear-nibbles" from their hapless victims. In longer stories, Uncle Wiggily often is off on a camping trip or other extended journey with one of his friends, fending off repeated incursions or baffling mean-spirited pranks from a lurking villain or two—not uncommonly with the aid of his crutch or a "thing-a-ma-bob" he happens to have brought along in his satchel.

## Selected bibliography

Howard Garis published 79 books of Uncle Wiggily stories. A few of these included:

* *Uncle Wiggily's Adventures* (1912)
* *Uncle Wiggily's Travels* (copyright 1913)
* *Uncle Wiggily's Fortune* (copyright 1913)
* *Uncle Wiggily's Automobile* (copyright 1913)
* *Uncle Wiggily's Airship* (copyright 1915)
* *Uncle Wiggily in the Country* (copyright 1916)
* *Uncle Wiggily on the Farm* (copyright 1918)
* *Uncle Wiggily's Empty Watch* (copyright 1919) — three short stories
* *Uncle Wiggily's Fishing Trip* (copyright 1919) — three short stories
* *Uncle Wiggily Goes Swimming* (copyright 1919) — three short stories
* *Uncle Wiggily Indian Hunter* (copyright 1919) — three short stories
* *Uncle Wiggily's Holidays* (copyright 1919) — three short stories
* *Uncle Wiggily in Fairyland (Uncle Wiggily Arabian Nights)* (copyright 1922)
* *Uncle Wiggily Book* (copyright 1927) — published as a school reading book
* *Uncle Wiggily and Friends* (copyright 1939)
* *Uncle Wiggily and the Littletails* (copyright 1942)
* *Uncle Wiggily's Happy Days* (copyright 1947)
* *Uncle Wiggily and Jackie and Peetie Bow Wow* (copyright 1952)
* *Uncle Wiggily at the Seashore*
* *Uncle Wiggily's Story Book*
* *Uncle Wiggily's Picture Book*
* *Uncle Wiggily and the Turkey Gobbler* — three short stories
* *Uncle Wiggily's Water Spout* — three short stories

### Picture books with Lang Cambell

Howard Garis published 32 picture books of Uncle Wiggily stories with Lang Cambell. Each contains three stories, the title story and two more:

1. *Uncle Wiggily’s Auto Sled*
2. *Uncle Wiggily’s Snow Man*
3. *Uncle Wiggily’s Holidays*
4. *Uncle Wiggily’s Apple Roast*
5. *Uncle Wiggily’s Picnic*
6. *Uncle Wiggily’s Fishing Trip*
7. *Uncle Wiggily’s June Bug Friends*
8. *Uncle Wiggily’s Visit To The Farm*
9. *Uncle Wiggily’s Silk Hat*
10. *Uncle Wiggily, Indian Hunter*
11. *Uncle Wiggily’s Ice Cream Party*
12. *Uncle Wiggily’s Woodland Games*
13. *Uncle Wiggily On The Flying Rug*
14. *Uncle Wiggily At The Beach*
15. *Uncle Wiggily And The Pirates*
16. *Uncle Wiggily’s Funny Auto*
17. *Uncle Wiggily On Roller Skates*
18. *Uncle Wiggily Goes Swimming*
19. *Uncle Wiggily’s Water Spout*
20. *Uncle Wiggily’s Laughing Gas Balloons*
21. *Uncle Wiggily’s Empty Watch*
22. *Uncle Wiggily’s Radio*
23. *Uncle Wiggily And The Beaver Boys*
24. *Uncle Wiggily And The Turkey Gobbler*
25. *Uncle Wiggily’s Squirt Gun* (1919)
26. *Uncle Wiggily And The Alligator*
27. *Uncle Wiggily’s Washtub Ship*
28. *Uncle Wiggily’s Rolling Hoop*
29. *Uncle Wiggily’s Make Believe Tarts*
30. *Uncle Wiggily’s Ice Boat*
31. *Uncle Wiggily’s Jumping Boots*
32. *Uncle Wiggily’s Icicle Spear*

## Board game

The Uncle Wiggily Game has been manufactured for more than a century. In 1916 Milton Bradley began selling a board game that has players taking cards that show how far they can move their Uncle Wiggily figurines across the board. The game was modified in 1929, 1947 and 1955. In 1987 Parker Brothers bought the rights to the game, and made further changes. As of 2018 Winning Moves was manufacturing the Uncle Wiggily Game.

Uncle Wiggley was the name of a small skateboard company that operated from 1984 to 1990 and was known for using "epoxyglass" in their skateboard manufacturing. In addition to making their own products, they also made skateboards decks for Losi, Blockhead, SGI, Magnusson Designs and Steadham Designs, as well as early H-Street decks. Sponsored professionals included Tony Magnusson (who was a part-owner) and John Schultes.

Uncle Wiggly was a 1990s-era rock band.

Uncle Wiggly's was also the name of a Baltimore-based chain of ice cream shops that was closed in January 2020.

A two-part song regarding Uncle Wiggily is on Tourniquet's albums *Pathogenic Ocular Dissonance* ("The Skeezix Dilemma") and *Microscopic View of a Telescopic Realm* ("The Skeezix Dilemma Part II").

The book *Uncle Wiggily and His Friends* makes a brief appearance in the 1994 film *Forrest Gump*, being read by Jenny while Forrest "dangles".

On the September 4, 2013 episode of *Late Night with Jimmy Fallon*, *Uncle Wiggly's Rheumatism* book was featured on the "Do Not Read List" skit.

Uncle Wiggily appears as a reference between the two characters, Eloise and Walt, in *Uncle Wiggily in Connecticut* \- one of the nine short stories in J.D. Salinger's collection of short stories, 'Nine Stories'. Specifically, the story's title refers to an event recalled by Eloise in which she and Walt were running to catch a bus and she sprains her ankle. Walt then says, referring to her ankle in good humor, "Poor Uncle Wiggily...".

Likewise, in the movie *My Foolish Heart*, based on *Uncle Wiggily in Connecticut*, the two characters bond over childhood memories of Uncle Wiggily when Eloise (Susan Hayward) cuts her finger while washing Walt's (Dana Andrews) dishes. Walt, caring for her injured finger, says "Poor Uncle Wiggily...", referencing the rabbit's ears and then her ears, which ultimately leads to their first kiss.

In 1987, Uncle Wiggily was referred to in a "rock music fable" called "Little Boy Goes to Hell", a four-record set by Mark Nichols, released on PopLlama Records. The song is titled "Your Deepest Fear".

## InfoBox

| Uncle Wiggily Longears | |
| --- | --- |
| First appearance | *Uncle Wiggily's Adventures* |
| Created by | Howard R. Garis |
| In-universe information | |
| Species | Rabbit |
| Gender | Male |


title: Person of the Year

abstract: Person of the Year or Man of the Year is an award given to an individual by any type of organization. Most often, it is given by a newspaper or other news outlet to annually recognize a public figure. Such awards have typically been awarded to one person, near or after the end of a calendar year. The awardee is usually someone widely known to news media's audience. A local newspaper typically gives a Person of the Year award to a local individual. However, prominent Person of the Year awards have been given to persons well beyond the scope of a given news market, to animals (Secretariat), to two or more persons in the event of a tie, and to groups of persons whose membership is not clear. Also the award is presented annually by some organizations but may be a one-off or occasional event for others. The award can be facetious or serious. The chosen person is usually someone who has been notably influential or prominent during the year and could also be a hero or villain. It is externally oriented, unlike most awards. It's given to someone who has no affiliation with the awarding organization. Variations on the theme include "Business Person of the Year," "Small Business Person of the Year," or "Entrepreneur of the Year." They are commonly awarded by local chambers of commerce or other economic boosters. Junior League chapters gave "Woman of the Year" awards. The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society gave "Man & Woman of the Year" awards. Also, the phrase is used in different contexts. The staff of magazines presented artists or photographers with "Cover of the Year" accolades. Various dictionaries release their "Word of the Year." Other awards are for "Album of the Year."

text:
# Person of the Year

**Person of the Year** or **Man of the Year** is an award given to an individual by any type of organization. Most often, it is given by a newspaper or other news outlet to annually recognize a public figure. Such awards have typically been awarded to one person, near or after the end of a calendar year. The awardee is usually someone widely known to news media's audience. A local newspaper typically gives a Person of the Year award to a local individual. However, prominent Person of the Year awards have been given to persons well beyond the scope of a given news market, to animals (Secretariat), to two or more persons in the event of a tie, and to groups of persons whose membership is not clear. Also the award is presented annually by some organizations but may be a one-off or occasional event for others.

The award can be facetious or serious. The chosen person is usually someone who has been notably influential or prominent during the year and could also be a hero or villain. It is externally oriented, unlike most awards. It's given to someone who has no affiliation with the awarding organization.

Variations on the theme include "Business Person of the Year," "Small Business Person of the Year," or "Entrepreneur of the Year." They are commonly awarded by local chambers of commerce or other economic boosters. Junior League chapters (and other organizations) gave "Woman of the Year" awards. The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society gave "Man & Woman of the Year" awards. Also, the phrase is used in different contexts. The staff of magazines presented artists or photographers with "Cover of the Year" accolades. Various dictionaries release their "Word of the Year." Other awards are for "Album of the Year."

## Awards

### Person of the Year

Notable examples include:

### Man of the Year