abstract: The USA Women’s World University Games Team is one of the teams under the auspices of the USA Basketball organization. The Universiade is an international, multi-sport event for university students, generally held every other year since 1959. It is second only to the Olympics in number of participants. The United States has participated in women's basketball since their first participation in 1973 at the VII Summer Universiade. USA Basketball has organized the participation except for 2003 and 2007. In 2003 an All-Star team selected from the Big 12 Conference represented the US in Daegu, South Korea. In 2007, the Charlotte 49ers, the basketball team at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte, represented the USA in Bangkok, Thailand. The 2015 World University Games were held in Seoul, South Korea July 5–13, 2015. The head coach of the USA team was Joe McKeown, while Holly Warlick and Tanya Warren were the assistant coaches. The USA won the gold medal.

text:
# United States women's World University Games basketball team

The **USA Women’s World University Games Team** is one of the teams under the auspices of the USA Basketball organization. The Universiade is an international, multi-sport event for university students, generally held every other year since 1959. It is second only to the Olympics in number of participants. The United States has participated in women's basketball since their first participation in 1973 at the VII Summer Universiade. USA Basketball has organized the participation except for 2003 and 2007. In 2003 an All-Star team selected from the Big 12 Conference represented the US in Daegu, South Korea. In 2007, the Charlotte 49ers, the basketball team at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte, represented the USA in Bangkok, Thailand.

The 2015 World University Games were held in Seoul, South Korea July 5–13, 2015. The head coach of the USA team was Joe McKeown, while Holly Warlick and Tanya Warren were the assistant coaches. The USA won the gold medal.

## Record

* 1973 5-3 2nd
* 1975 Not Held
* 1977 6-2 2nd
* 1979 7-0 1st
* 1981 6-1 2nd
* 1983 5-1 1st
* 1985 5-1 2nd
* 1987 4-1 5th
* 1991 8-0 1st
* 1993 6-2 3rd
* 1995 6-1 2nd
* 1997 6-0 1st
* 1999 4-2 2nd
* 2001 7-1 1st
* 2003 3-4 6th †
* 2005 7-0 1st
* 2007 4-3 6th ‡
* 2009 7-0 1st
* 2011 5–0 1st
* 2013 6–0 1st
* 2015 6–0 1st

†USA represented by Big-12 All-Star team
‡USA Represented by UNC Charlotte

## 1973

Jill Upton was named the head coach, and Billie Jean Moore the assistant coach of the team representing the US at the World University Games held in Moscow, Soviet Union in August 1973. The event, also called the Universiade, is the eighth event to have women's basketball, but the first in which the USA participated. The USA team was assigned to the same preliminary round group as the Soviet team, and drew them as their first opponent. The game was not close, as the USSR defeated the USA 92–43. The USA went on to defeat France and Mexico. Their 2–1 record qualified them for the medal round, but the rules of the competition carried the preliminary round results into the medal round, so they could not afford another loss. They won their next three games, all by single digit margins, against Bulgaria, Romania and Cuba. That performance qualified the USA team for the gold medal game, but it matched them up against undefeated USSR. While the game was closer, the Soviets were much too strong and won 82–44 to claim the gold. The USA team earned a silver medal in their first ever World University Games competition.

## 1977

Lucille Kyvallos was named the head coach and Dixie Woodall the assistant coach of the team representing the US at the World University Games held in Sofia, Bulgaria in August 1977. The event is also called the Universiade. The team started out strongly, winning their first three games against West German, Mexico, and China, by more than 30 points each. The fourth game, against Hungary was closer, but led by Carol Blazejowski's 31 points, the USA won by ten points. Moving on to the medal rounds, the USA drew Romania. That game was quite close, butt he USA won the game 76–73. The next opponent was the USSR, who had defeated the US in the prior University Games. The beginning was reasonably close, with the USA down by seven points at halftime, but despite getting 25 points from Ann Meyers, the USSR opened up the lead and won 103–78. The next opponent was Bulgaria, which stayed close, but the USA team won by three points. That set up a rematch with the Soviets for the gold medal. This time, the Soviets started out strong and had a 24-point lead at the half. Although the USA team would outscore USSR in the second half, they did not close the gap enough, and fell 107–90. The USSR defended their gold medal, and the USA team again won the silver medal. Blazejowski led the team in scoring with over 20 points per game. Charlotte Lewis led the team in rebounding with over nine per game.

## 1979

Frances Garmon was named head coach and Kay Yow the assistant coach of the team representing the US at the World University Games held in Mexico City, Mexico in August 1979. The opening game was against Costa Rica, and the USA almost outscored them by triple digits, falling just shy at 132–34. The next three games were closer, but all margins were in double digits. The fifth game was against the USSR, who had won the event in 1973 and 1977. The Soviet team led at halftime, but the USA team outscored the USSR by three points in the second half to win 83–81, the first win by the USA over the USSR in a major competition in two decades. The next game was a rematch against Canada, them team they had beaten by 14 points a few days earlier. This time the Canadian team would take a nine-point lead at halftime, but the USA team came back and won 68–60. The final game of the competition was against Cuba, which the USA won 73–60 to claim their first gold medal in a World University Games event.

## 1981

Kay Yow was the head coach while Lorene Ramsey was the assistant coach of the team representing the US at the World University Games held in Bucharest, Romania in July 1981. The team started with a game against Finland and won easily, 68–49. They trailed at halftime in their next game against China, but came back to win a close game 76–74. After beating Poland, they played Czechoslovakia in a game that was close at the half, but the USA team went on to win 86–67. In the following game against Canada, the USA team was again behind at the half, but played a close match in the second half and pulled ahead to win 79–76. Despite being undefeated, they needed a win against Romania to advance to the gold medal came. They had only a one-point lead at halftime, but went on to win 75–64 to meet the undefeated USSR for the gold medal. The USA fell behind by sixteen and could not close the gap—the USSR team won 98–79 to claim the gold medal, leaving the US with the silver. Denise Curry was the leading scorer for the USA team with 18.1 points per game. Anne Donovan led the team in rebounds with 6.7 per game.

## 1983

Jill Hutchison was the head coach and Sylvia Hatchell was the assistant coach of the team representing the US at the World University Games held in Edmonton, Canada in July 1983. The first game against Hong Kong was a mismatch—the USA team would outscore their opponents by triple digits, 134–23. Joyce Walker's 26 points alone were more than the entire Hong Kong team. The next two games against France and West Germany were closer, but the USA still won by 16 and 15 points respectively. The USA team faced Romania and lost by 14 points 85–71. The next opponent was Yugoslavia, which the USA needed to win to stay in medal contention. The game was close, but the USA won by a single point 86–85 to head to a rematch with Romania for the gold medal. The Romanian team started out strong, and held a six-point lead at halftime. The USA team came back, out scoring their opponents 47–19 in the second half, and won the game, earning the gold medal as a result. Walker was the leading scorer for the US with 13.8 points per game, but Deborah Temple Lee was close behind with 13.5 points per game.

## 1985

C. Vivian Stringer was named the head coach while Hatchell repeated as the assistant coach of the team representing the US at the World University Games held in Kobe, Japan in July 1985. The team won their three preliminary games with ease, beating the People's Republic of Korea, Yugoslavia and Great Britain by more than 25 points each. Their next game, against China, was much closer, but the USA team had balanced scoring, with five players in double figures for points, and won 83–78. The USA team played Canada in the semifinal, and again had five players with double-digit scoring, winning 85–61 to advance to the gold medal game against the USSR. The USA fell behind by as much as 18 points in the second half. They attempted a comeback, and cut the margin, but the USSR hit almost 55% of their shots and went on to claim the gold medal 87–81. The USA received the silver medal. Katrina McClain was the leading scorer and rebounder for the USA team with 17.3 points and 7.7 rebounds per game.

## 1987

Linda Sharp was the head coach, with Colleen Riley serving as the assistant coach of the team representing the US at the World University Games held in Zagreb, Yugoslavia in July 1987. The team started out with a 35-point victory over Poland and followed that with a 41-point victory over Finland. In the third game, the USA faced the host team Yugoslavia. The USA hit a high percentage of their shots from the free throw line, 16 of 19, but the Yugoslav team earned 43 shots from the line, of which they made 34. With a home crowd behind them, the game came down to the wire, and was tied at the end of regulation. In overtime, Yugoslavia outscored the US and won the game 93–89. The USA still had a chance to make it to the medal round, but to do so had to win their next game against China, and do so by at least five points. The USA fell behind, and were down 16 points at halftime. They fell behind by 20 at one point, but made up the deficit and more in the second half. They went on to win the game, but by only a single point 84–83. They won their final game against Canada, but this left them in fifth place, the first time ever the USA team did not win a medal at the World University Games.

## 1989

The 1989 event did not include women's basketball.

## 1991

Tara VanDerveer was the head coach, with Charlene Curtis and Nancy Darsch serving as the assistant coaches of the team representing the US at the World University Games held in Sheffield, England in July 1991. The USA team started out with a very strong offense, scoring over 100 points in each of the first four games. The fourth game was against the USSR, a team often challenging the US for the top spot, but the USA won 106–80 this time. The team fell short of 100 points in the game against Canada, but still won by 18 points. In the quarterfinal game, the USA won easily against Romania 135–53, with Ruthie Bolton scoring 40 points. The game against China was more of a challenge. The USA team shot poorly, hitting only 36% of their shots, but the defense held China to 35% shooting, and won a three-point game, 79–76. The gold medal match was against Spain, but the USA had a 13-point lead at halftime and won 88–62. Bolton was the highest scorer for the USA team with 14 points per game, but Lisa Leslie and Carolyn Jones were close behind with 13 points per game.

## 1993

Joan Bonvicini was the head coach, with Dianne Nolan and Jane Albright serving as assistant coaches of the team representing the US at the World University Games held in Buffalo, New York in July 1993. The USA opened with double-digit margin victories over Israel, Taiwan, and Ukraine. Their next game was against Russia, and they held a single-point lead with just over ten minutes to go ant he game, but they finished strong, and won 72–55. The next game was against Cuba, which included sixth players from their 1992 Olympic team. The USA pulled out to a 15-point lead at halftime, and extended to an 18-point lead at one time, but Cuba proved to be too strong, and came back to defeat the USA 88–80. After beating Japan, the USA faced China, whose team also featured many members of their silver medal-winning Olympic team. The USA fell behind; their comeback attempt fell two points shy of tying the game. The final score in favor of China was 75–73. The opponent in the bronze medal game was Lithuania. The USA team won 83–73 to earn the bronze medal.

## 1995

Sylvia Hatchell was the head coach, with assistants Jim Lewis, Kay James, and Clemette Haskins, of the team representing the US at the World University Games held in Fukuoka, Japan in August and September 1995. The USA team won their first five games with ease, with only the 18-point victory over Yugoslavia in a quarterfinal match falling short of a 20-point margin of victory. In the semifinal against Russia, the team was behind for much of the first half and held only a two-point lead with under ten minutes to go, but then went on a 25–4 run to take control of the game. The final game, for the gold medal, was against Italy. The Italians started with a 12–2 run to open the game. The USA cut the lead, but were behind by nine points at the half. The USA took a lead in the second half, but the Italians responded with ten consecutive points and then held on to win the gold medal, leaving the US with the silver medal.

## 1997

Jim Foster was named the head coach, with Ed Baldwin and Deb Patterson named assistant coaches of the USA representative to the World University Games, held in Marsala, Sicily, Italy. The USA team had not won gold in this biennial event since 1991. This year, the USA team would be dominant, with easy victories in all but one contest. After winning their first three contests by no fewer than 38 points, the USA team faced Russia. The game had five ties and 13 lead changes. Connecticut's Nykesha Sales led the scoring of the USA team with 17 points, hitting connective baskets in the second half to give the USA a lead it would not give up. The USA went on to win the game 78–70. The USA went on to win the two medal rounds games, with a 100–82 victory over Cuba to give the USA team the gold medal. Sales was the overall scoring leader of the team, with 18.3 points per game, while Kara Wolters led the team in rebounds, with 7.8 per game.

## 1999

Rene Portland served as the head coach, with Bonnie Henrickson and Britt King as an assistant coaches, of the USA representative to the 1999 World University Games. The event was held in Palma de Mallorca, Spain. The USA team won their opening two games easily, including a mismatch against South Africa with a final score of 140–32, but lost against Ukraine, 81–70. They earned a position in the medal rounds and defeated Lithuania in the quarterfinals. USA then took on undefeated Russia and won a close game 87–79, setting up the championship game between the US and host Spain. After falling behind early, the USA team kept the game close, and got within five points with under two minutes to go, but Spain held on to win the gold medal. The USA team received the silver medal. Katie Douglas was the leading scorer for the USA team, with 17.6 points per game, while Brooke Wyckoff was the leading rebounder, with seven rebounds per game.

## 2001

Debbie Ryan served as the head coach, while Lisa Bluder and Dee Stokes served as the assistant coaches of the USA representative to the 1999 World University Games. The event was held in Palma de Mallorca, Spain. The USA team opened with a 134–37 win over South Africa. The second game was against Canada, which the USA team lost in a close match 68–67. The USA could not afford to lose another game if they wished to win a medal, and won the next game against Japan 106–66. The USA next faced undefeated Russia, and fell behind by twelve points at halftime, but came back and won the game 79–68. The USA fell behind in their next game against undefeated China, but rallied and went on to win 89–78. The USA then beat Brazil to advance to the semi-final, where they faced Lithuania. The game was not close, with the USA winning 70–49. That set up a rematch with China, on their home court with 18,000 spectators. The USA only had a four-point lead at halftime, but did better in the second half, and won 87–69 to claim the gold medal. Ayana Walker set a World University Games record with 19 rebounds in the game. Walker was the leading scorer and rebounder for the USA team with 15.4 points and 8.6 rebounds per game.

## 2003

The USA Basketball organization did not assemble a team themselves, but decided to send a team of All-Stars from the Big 12 Conference. The team record was 4–4, with wins over Canada, Hungary, Thailand, the Czech Republic and losses to China, Italy and two losses to Serbia and Montenegro

## 2005

Kathy Delaney-Smith served as the head coach, with Pokey Chatman and Cathy Inglese as assistant coaches of the USA representative to the World University Games held in Izmir, Turkey in August 2005. The team won their first game against the Czech Republic 88–64; the 24-point margin in that contest would be the closest any team would come to beating the USA until the gold-medal final. After defeating South Africa, China, and Poland to move on to the quarterfinals, they then beat Taiwan and Russia – each by more than 50 points. This set up the championship game with Serbia & Montenegro which the USA won 79–63 to complete a 7–0 record and win the gold medal. Sylvia Fowles would lead the USA team in both points and rebounds, with fifteen points and 7.3 rebounds per game.

## 2007

The USA Basketball organization did not assemble a team themselves, but decided to send UNC Charlotte to represent the USA. The Charlotte 49ers finished 4–3, in sixth place.

## 2009

### 2009 roster

| Number | Name | Pos | Height | Weight | Date of birth | Grad. | School | Hometown |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 12 | Tina Charles | C | 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m) | 193 | December 5, 1988 | 2010 | Connecticut | Jamaica, NY |
| 5 | Alexis Gray-Lawson | G | 5 ft 8 in (1.73 m) | 160 | April 21, 1987 | 2010 | California | Oakland, CA |
| 8 | Tiffany Hayes | G | 5 ft 11 in (1.80 m) | 140 | September 20, 1989 | 2012 | Connecticut | Lakeland, FL |
| 4 | Ashley Houts | G | 5 ft 6 in (1.68 m) | 144 | December 31, 1987 | 2010 | Georgia | Trenton, GA |
| 14 | Jantel Lavender | C | 6 ft 4 in (1.93 m) | 210 | November 12, 1988 | 2011 | Ohio State | Cleveland, OH |
| 6 | Danielle McCray | G/F | 5 ft 11 in (1.80 m) | 169 | October 8, 1987 | 2010 | Kansas | Olathe, KS |
| 13 | Jacinta Monroe | F/C | 6 ft 5 in (1.96 m) | 166 | September 4, 1988 | 2010 | Florida State | Ft. Lauderdale, FL |
| 9 | Maya Moore | F | 6 ft 0 in (1.83 m) | 170 | June 11, 1989 | 2011 | Connecticut | Lawrenceville, GA |
| 11 | Kayla Pedersen | G/F | 6 ft 4 in (1.93 m) | 195 | April 14, 1989 | 2011 | Stanford | FountainHills, AZ |
| 15 | Ta’Shia Phillips | C | 6 ft 6 in (1.98 m) | 225 | January 24, 1989 | 2011 | Xavier | Indianapolis, IN |
| 10 | Jeanette Pohlen | G | 5 ft 11 in (1.80 m) | 168 | May 2, 1989 | 2011 | Stanford | Brea, CA |
| 7 | Danielle Robinson | G | 5 ft 8 in (1.73 m) | 130 | May 10, 1989 | 2011 | Oklahoma | SanJose, CA |

| Coaching Staff | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Position | Name | School or location |
| Head coach | Charli Turner Thorne | Arizona State University |
| Assistant coach | Suzy Merchant | Michigan State University |
| Assistant coach | Julie Rousseau | Pepperdine University |
| Team Doctor | Mark Hutchinson | University of Illinois–Chicago |
| Athletic Trainer | Kelley Etheridge | Hiram, Georgia |

**Eligibility** – The participants must be born between January 1, 1985, and December 31, 1991

### 2009 games

The twelve-player squad started the official games in Belgrade, Serbia one player down. Maya Moore, the consensus player of the year, sprained a knee in a scrimmage with Australia. She was listed as day-to-day, but was never cleared to play. The first official game was against France. The USA won easily 115–30, behind double-digit scoring from five players – Tina Charles (18), Jantel Lavender (16), Jacinta Monroe (16), Tiffany Hayes(15), and Alexis Gray-Lawson (14).

On July 2, 2009, the USA team played Great Britain. As with the previous game against France, this game was not in much doubt after the first few minutes; USA prevailed 93–59. The USA team's offense was led by three double-digit scorers – Jantel Lavender (17), Danielle McCray (15) and Ta'Shia Phillips (11) – but USA coach Charli Turner Thorne credited the win to defense. The third game was against the hosts, Serbia. The USA led at the end of the first quarter 20–14, the smallest lead at that point of the first three games. The USA team increased its lead, and ended with an 84–50 win.

After a day off, USA would resume against Poland. The USA won 75–67 in their closest match so far. Tina Charles had double-digit scoring and double-digit rebounding (12 and 10), and Danielle McCray also scored 12 points. After defeating Poland by nine, the USA team faced the Czech Republic, undefeated, with a 13-point win over Poland. But the USA did not have any difficulty in dispatching the Czech team, winning 115–78. The USA team had five players in double figures, led by Tina Charles with 20 points. USA head coach Charli Turner Thorne credited the rebounding, noting that the USA team out-rebounded the Czech team by 30. Tiffany Hayes (16), Danielle McCray (15), Ashley Houts (13), and Jantel Lavender (10) were the other double-digit scorers.

Early in the semifinal game against Australia, the USA team found itself behind 13–9. They went on a 25–0 run to open up a large lead, and went on to win 81–66 and headed to the gold medal game. In the gold medal game, the USA team faced a Russian team that had played together for years. The first quarter would be close, with the Russian team leading 22–20 at the end of the first quarter, the first time in the tournament the USA team had been behind at the end of any quarter. Russia continued to build upon its lead, scoring six straight points to open the second quarter, but the USA team would follow with a 19–3 run to recapture the lead. The USA team went into halftime with an eight-point lead, and started the third quarter with a 9–0 run. The team was led by Tina Charles, scoring 28 points with 18 rebounds, characterized as a "monster performance" by sportswriters. Jantel Lavender and Kayla Petersen also contributed double-digit scoring.

### 2009 statistics

USA World University Games Team Statistics

| # | Player | GP | GS | Min | Avg | Tot FG | Tot FGA | Tot Pct | 3FG | 3FGA | 3Pct | FT | FTA | Pct | Off R | Def R | Tot R | Avg R | PF | FO | A | TO | Blk | Stl | Pts | Avg |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 12 | CHARLES, Tina | 7 | 5 | 133 | 19.0 | 47 | 94 | 0.500 | 0 | 0 | 0.000 | 19 | 29 | 0.655 | 22 | 35 | 57 | 8.1 | 10 | 0 | 5 | 18 | 1 | 8 | 113 | 16.1 |
| 6 | McCRAY, Danielle | 7 | 5 | 122 | 17.4 | 32 | 57 | 0.561 | 7 | 15 | 0.467 | 13 | 16 | 0.813 | 14 | 12 | 26 | 3.7 | 15 | 0 | 11 | 16 | 1 | 8 | 84 | 12.0 |
| 14 | LAVENDER, Jantel | 7 | 4 | 114 | 16.3 | 24 | 51 | 0.471 | 0 | 0 | 0.000 | 25 | 29 | 0.862 | 15 | 35 | 50 | 7.1 | 6 | 1 | 10 | 7 | 0 | 4 | 73 | 10.4 |
| 8 | HAYES, Tiffany | 7 | 0 | 132 | 18.9 | 20 | 49 | 0.408 | 9 | 22 | 0.409 | 12 | 20 | 0.600 | 4 | 16 | 20 | 2.9 | 16 | 0 | 13 | 13 | 2 | 12 | 61 | 8.7 |
| 4 | HOUTS, Ashley | 7 | 3 | 135 | 19.3 | 20 | 38 | 0.526 | 8 | 17 | 0.471 | 10 | 11 | 0.909 | 5 | 8 | 13 | 1.9 | 10 | 0 | 11 | 14 | 0 | 12 | 58 | 8.3 |
| 5 | GRAY-LAWSON, Alexis | 7 | 3 | 141 | 20.1 | 18 | 45 | 0.400 | 8 | 17 | 0.471 | 11 | 12 | 0.917 | 20 | 10 | 30 | 4.3 | 13 | 0 | 9 | 7 | 0 | 10 | 55 | 7.9 |
| 13 | MONROE, Jacinta | 7 | 1 | 108 | 15.4 | 19 | 33 | 0.576 | 0 | 0 | 0.000 | 13 | 17 | 0.765 | 11 | 23 | 34 | 4.9 | 7 | 0 | 4 | 8 | 2 | 9 | 51 | 7.3 |
| 11 | PEDERSEN, Kayla | 7 | 4 | 141 | 20.1 | 16 | 36 | 0.444 | 1 | 3 | 0.333 | 17 | 19 | 0.895 | 13 | 32 | 45 | 6.4 | 8 | 0 | 3 | 6 | 0 | 5 | 50 | 7.1 |
| 10 | POHLEN, Jeanette | 7 | 6 | 161 | 23.0 | 11 | 26 | 0.423 | 7 | 19 | 0.368 | 6 | 6 | 1.000 | 12 | 11 | 23 | 3.3 | 11 | 0 | 21 | 9 | 1 | 11 | 35 | 5.0 |
| 15 | PHILLIPS, Ta'Shia | 7 | 0 | 66 | 9.4 | 13 | 29 | 0.448 | 0 | 0 | 0.000 | 8 | 19 | 0.421 | 15 | 14 | 29 | 4.1 | 9 | 0 | 3 | 9 | 3 | 2 | 34 | 4.9 |
| 7 | ROBINSON, Danielle | 7 | 4 | 147 | 21.0 | 12 | 34 | 0.353 | 0 | 0 | 0.000 | 8 | 15 | 0.533 | 3 | 9 | 12 | 1.7 | 13 | 0 | 23 | 9 | 2 | 16 | 32 | 4.6 |
|  | TEAM |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |  |  | 0 |  |  |  |  |
|  | Total | 7 |  | 1400 |  | 232 | 492 | 0.472 | 40 | 93 | 0.430 | 142 | 193 | 0.736 | 134 | 205 | 339 | 48.4 | 119 | 1 | 113 | 116 | 12 | 97 | 646 | (92.3) |
|  | Opponents | 7 |  | 1400 |  | 152 | 400 | 0.380 | 23 | 95 | 0.242 | 87 | 116 | 0.750 | 58 | 135 | 193 | 27.6 | 152 | - | 71 | 155 | 11 | 56 | 414 | (59.1) |

## 2011

Although the USA representatives to the World University games had seven gold medals in prior events, no team had successfully defended a gold medal. The 2011 team went to China, following a 2009 gold medal performance, with a mission to be the first team to defend the title. The head coach was Bill Fennelly, the head coach of Iowa State, assisted by Suzie McConnell-Serio of Duquesne University and Terri Williams-Flournoy head coach of Georgetown University.

The first game was against Brazil. The USA team opened strong, and led the game 25–6 by the end of the first quarter. Although Brazil tried to come back in the second quarter, the USA scored 17 consecutive points to put the game out of reach. Elena Delle Donne, playing in her first USA game, led all scorers with 17 points. Four other players scored in double digits, as the team rolled to a 112–53 victory.

In the second game, against Slovakia, the USA team also shattered the 100 point mark, with six players in double-figures, led by Skylar Diggins, Nnemkadi Ogwumike and Devereaux Peters with 14 points each. The Slovakia team kept the game close through the first quarter, but the USA team started the second quarter on a 7–0 run and later went on a 15–0 run to extend the margin. The USA ended with a 114–63 win.

The third game was the last game in the pool play, leading up to the medal round. The USA opponent was Great Britain. While the Great Britain team held the US to under 100 points for the first time in the competition, they only managed 33 points. Bill Fennelly felt it was the team's best defensive effort. The score was reasonably close early in the second quarter with the USA team only up by ten, but the team extended the lead to a 53–17 halftime score. The USA team held their opponents to 18% field goal shooting. The final score, in favor of the USA was 85–33.

In the quarter-final game against Finland, the result was never really in doubt. The USA team scored 21 points before the team from Finland scored. Both Elena Delle Donne and Devereaux Peters scored 17 points to help lead the USA team to a 96–30 victory.

The USA team faced Australia in the semi-final game. After not being seriously challenged in their first four games, the Australians put up a strong fight. They took the initial lead. The USA team came back, but held only a slim three-point lead at the end of the first quarter. The second quarter was close, with the USA extending the lead by one more point to lead 31–27 at the half. The USA started out the second half on a 9–0 run, but the Aussies did not quit. They responded with an 11–3 run of their own, and cut the lead to five points late in the third quarter. The USA lead was only seven points at the beginning of the final quarter, but Nnemkadi Ogwumike started a 9–0 run which put the USA into a more comfortable lead. The final score was 79–67, and the USA team would head to the gold medal game.

The gold medal game was anticlimactic after their reasonably close call against Australia. Their opponent was Taiwan, who had never before won a medal at the World University Games. Elena Delle Donne scored 18 points, added 11 rebounds and had eight assists, while Nnemkadi Ogwumike poured in 24 points. The USA team had a nine-point lead at the end of the first quarter, quickly extended it to a double-digit lead, and won easily 101–66 to win the gold medal. Elena Delle Donne was the leading scorer and rebounder for the USA team, averaging almost 16 points per game and over 8 rebounds per game.

## 2013

The twelve players selected to represent the US at the 2013 World University Games have been named:

* Crystal Bradford—Central Michigan University
* Aaryn Ellenberg—University of Oklahoma
* Reshanda Gray—University of California
* Cassie Harberts—University of Southern California
* Bria Hartley—University of Connecticut
* Jordan Hooper—University of Nebraska
* Tricia Liston—Duke University
* Ariel Massengale—University of Tennessee
* Kaleena Mosqueda-Lewis—University of Connecticut
* Theresa Plaisance—Louisiana State University
* Shoni Schimmel—University of Louisville
* Odyssey Sims—Baylor University

The coaches were:

### 2013 pool play

The USA's first opponent in pool play was Mali, in an opening round game held on July 8, 2013. The game started with runs by each team. Mali scored five points before the USA team got on the board, but the USA responded with an 18–0 run. Mali then had a 7–0 run of their own, and the USA team ended the quarter with a 10–0 run. The USA would go on a 25–0 run, starting near the end of the half and extending into the third period. Despite a large lead, the USA was even more dominant in the fourth period, holding the opponents to just four points. Overall, the USA shot well, hitting almost two-thirds of their shot attempts. Six USA players scored in double digits, led by Bria Hartley with 17. Shoni Schimmel had nine assists as part of a team total of 34 assists, setting a USA basketball WUG record, previously 27 assist in a game.

The second game of the pool play was against the Czech Republic. The USA team started out scoring the first eight points, a layup by Theresa Plaisance followed by three-pointers by Aaryn Ellenberg and Kaleena Mosqueda-Lewis before the Czech team scored. The USA team had a 13-point lead when Mosqueda-Lewis went on a 10–0 run of her own, scoring the last eight points of the first half and the first two points of the second half. Mosqueda-Lewis ended up as the team scoring leader with 19 points. The USA team went on to win by 40 points, 101–61.

In the final game of pool play, the USA was matched against Brazil. The USA team jumped out to a 10–0 lead, and extended the lead to 24 points by halftime. Aaryn Ellenberg hit five of her nine three-point attempts, and scored 19 points, all in the first half. Odyssey Sims recorded ten assists, tying the World University Games record by a USA player set by Kamie Ethridge in 1985. The USA continued to shoot well, hitting almost 49% of their shots, but allowed Brazil to nit 47% of the shots, the highest percentage allowed by the US to date. The USA won the game 105–75 to advance to the quarter finals.

### 2013 medal rounds

The USA faced Sweden in the quarterfinals. The USA team scored the first seven points of the game, but Sweden fought back to within two points at the end of the first quarter. The USA team extended the lead to double digits by halftime, then expanded the lead, winning the game 103–72. Odyssey Sims hit all nine of her free throw attempts and scored a total of 20 points to lead the USA team in scoring. The win advanced the USA team to the semifinals.

The USA team faced Australia in the semifinals. The Australian team started strong, opening up a lead as large as nine points in the first half. The USA team fought back, and were within a single point 33–32 at halftime. The USA team appeared to cruise in the second half, opening up a 13-point lead by the end of the third quarter, and extending the lead to 17 points with just over seven minutes to go in the game. Then the Australian team scored ten consecutive points to cut the lead to seven. Bria Hartley made a three-point lead to push the lead back to double digits, but the team from Australia, led by Marianna Tolo, continued to chip away, and scored 14 of the next 16 points to take a two-point lead with just over a minute remaining. After hitting a free throw to cut the lead to a single point, the USA team forced a 24-second violation and got the ball back. Crystal Bradford missed a shot but put back her own rebound to give the USA a slim one-point lead. Tolo missed a shot which would have given the Aussies the lead, and Odyssey Sims wrested the rebound away from the Australians, but the refs signaled a held ball. The possession arrow was in favor of the Australians, so they had one more shot at a basket. Tolo missed, and this time Sims secured the rebound cleanly, and ran out the clock for a 79–78 win for the USA team.

The win set up the gold medal match between the US and the host team, Russia. The Russians had a significant height advantage with a cumulative 2.5 feet of height over the USA team, led by 6' 7" center Natalia Vieru. The two teams had played each other on July 5 in an informal scrimmage, in which the Russian team had won 83–78. After trading opening baskets, the USA team pulled out to a ten-point lead after four minutes of play. The Russians cut the lead down to five points, but a three-pointer by Mosqueda-Lewis at the end of the quarter pushed the lead back to nine points. In the second period, the Russians cut the lead to as little as four points, but the USA responded, and extended the lead to 14 points at the half. The second half started even, but the Russians cut the lead back to single digits 50–42. Then Hartley, who would end up with a game-high 17 points, hit the next five points to extend the lead. The USA team closed the period with an 8–0 run to push the lead up to 21 points. After seeing the Australians eliminate a 17-point lead, even a 21-point lead did not seem secure, but this time the USA team held strong, and played roughly even though the period. The final score would be 90–71 in favor of the US, giving the USA team the gold medal. Odyssey Sims, along with Russia’s Tatiana Grigorveya, shared the MYP honors.

## 2015

The 2015 World University Games were held in Seoul, South Korea July 5–13, 2015.

The twelve players selected to represent the US at the 2015 World University Games are:

The coaching staff:

* Head coach: Joe McKeown—Northwestern University
* Assistant coach: Holly Warlick—University of Tennessee
* Assistant coach: Tanya Warren—University of Northern Iowa
* Team Physician: Bill Kuprevich
* Trainer: Nicole Alexander—University of North Carolina

### 2015 pool play

The USA team played Italy in the opening game. After the USA team took an initial lead, the Italian team started making three-pointers, and led by as many as six points. The lead was cut to a single point at the end of the first quarter. In the second quarter, led by Powers, the USA team retook the lead and led by nine points at halftime. In the third period, Italy outscored the US by a single point. The lead was cut to six points in the final period, but the USA held on, led by 22 points each from Powers and McCall, and won 80–68. In the second game the USA faced China. The Chinese team open strong, with a 9–2 lead early, but the USA put together a 14–0 run to take the lead. The score was tied at 23 all at the end of the first quarter. USA had a five-point lead at the half an increase that by points at the third quarter mark. The USA won the game with a score of 90–75. Williams was a high scorer with 18 points, while four other players also scored in double digits. Russell was the team leader in rebounds with 15.

The USA team faced the Czech Republic in the final game of pool play. Both teams were undefeated going into the game. The game started out strongly in favor of the USA. The team hit 14 of the 15 field-goal attempts to open up a 30–15 lead at the end of the first quarter. The USA was successful in the post with Russell going nine for 11 and Jones going six for 11. Powers also had a solid game heading seven of her nine shots. Jones and Russell each had double doubles for the game. The USA won 92–54.

### 2015 medal rounds

The USA faced Hungary in the quarterfinals. The USA started out slowly, with only a three-point lead on occasion in the first quarter. Wiese came in off the bench and hit a pair of three-pointers to help spark the US team, but they were only up by five at the end of the first quarter. The lead extended to double digits by the first half but the US a team really get going in the third quarter with both offense and defense. Hungary would only score 7 points in the third quarter, while the USA scored 16 consecutive points in five minutes. Jones was the leading scorer with 15 points, one of four USA players with double digit points. The team held Hungary to 27% field-goal shooting for the game. USA team won the game 84–43 to advance to the semifinal.

The semifinal game featured USA versus Japan. In the first quarter Japan seemed unable to miss as they raced out to a 30–16 first-quarter lead, and led by as many as 15 points. The USA cut into the lead in the second, but Japan still held a seven-point lead at halftime. The USA even the score in the second half in the teens traded leads in the fourth quarter. The USA had a narrow lead late but Japan tied up the game with just over ten seconds to go in regulation. The USA had the ball and a play was set up for Russell but the shot was missed in the game went to overtime.

The USA opened up a small five-point lead in overtime and held a four-point lead with 80 seconds left on the clock but they were unable to score again in the period. With the game tied Russell secured a rebound, missed a shot when McCall went for the rebound. She was fouled attempting to get the rebound and went to the line with no time left on the clock. She had two shots, either of which would end the game. Unfortunately, she missed both, and the game went to a second overtime. In the second overtime the USA scored early and built the lead to eight points but Japan did not quit, and cut the lead to two points with 10 seconds to go in the game. They were forced to foul; Williams hit two free throws to secure a 102–98 victory and a trip to the gold-medal game.

Canada faced the US in the gold-medal game. The first three quarters the game were quite close with four ties and four lead changes. In the fourth quarter the USA exploded for 34 points to pull out to a large lead, and won the gold-medal with a score of 82–63. Powers was the scoring star for the US with 27 points. Williams recorded a double double with 15 points and 10 rebounds.

## InfoBox

United States
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| FIBA ranking | 1 |
| FIBA zone | FIBA Americas |
| National federation | USA Basketball |
| Coach | Sherri Coale |


title: Yampa, Iowa

abstract: Yampa is a small unincorporated community in Wapello County, Iowa, United States. Yampa was the site of a school, rail station, general store, cemetery, and short-lived post office.

text:
# Yampa, Iowa

**Yampa** is a small unincorporated community in Wapello County, Iowa, United States.

Yampa was the site of a school, rail station, general store, cemetery, and short-lived post office.

## Geography

Yampa lies west of Batavia, near the junction of U.S. Route 34 and County Highway V-43, south of Bladensburg.

## History

### Early years

Yampa was founded in Pleasant Township. The village of Yampa briefly had a post office from 1899 to 1900. Charles E. Walker was the postmaster. The site was established on the Chicago, Fort Madison and Des Moines Railway. At this time, Yampa was considered a community.

Yampa had a school in this era. In addition to the school and post office, Yampa had a general store and was considered a "thriving little town". The Yampa school was also used as a church.

A literary society was formed in Yampa in November 1899. The literary society held events in Yampa and co-sponsored events with the Pleasant Grove literary society. In 1900, due to the railroad line in Yampa being "torn up" due to construction, Yampa's mail service was disrupted, with it being reported that mail was arriving late or not at all.

Yampa's population was 12 in 1902. The Yampa School District was still operational in 1916.

### Later years

In 1936, Yampa celebrated its Independence Day with races, athletic contests, music, and dances at the Ennis (Yampa) Sterner grove. Speeches were made by Iowa Attorney General candidate Robert Shaw and secretary of the National Farmers Union Edward E. Kennedy.

In 1939, the rail line between Ft. Madison and Ottumwa, called the 'Pea Vine', was discontinued, with the railroad being torn out. Yampa had been the first stop on the railroad; by this date, the *Ottumwa Courier* noted, the town of Yampa was mostly found on older maps. In 1962, it was recalled that the Yampa school, along with other area schools, had been painted white.

In 1991, the Ottumwa Public Library announced a pictorial history project of historic towns in Wapello County, including Yampa, Ormanville, and Competine.

The Yampa-Sterner cemetery is maintained by Pleasant Township.

## InfoBox

| Yampa, Iowa | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| Yampa, Iowa | |
| Coordinates: 41°00′36″N 92°13′32″W / 41.01000°N 92.22556°W / 41.01000; -92.22556 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Iowa |
| County | Wapello |
| Elevation | 755 ft (230 m) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| Area code | 641 |
| GNIS feature ID | 464301 |


title: María Lilja Þrastardóttir

abstract:
María Lilja Þrastardóttir Kemp Is an Icelandic politician, student lawyer, journalist, author and activist. Maria founded “Slut Walk” in Iceland – a movement against sexual violence. “Slut Walk” has since 2011 grown into one of Reykjavik’s biggest events of the summer. In the past years, María mainly worked in the media world as an investigative journalist at Iceland’s largest newspaper Frettabladid. Since then she continued in the broadcast genre and became a television reporter on Islands Kanal 2 News. At the time she also had her own radio program that focused on women in the music. Maria took a break from journalism in early 2014 to serve as campaign manager for Mr. Dagur B. Eggertsson, who then became mayor of Reykjavik. Later that year, she co-founded and edited a music magazine for the Icelandic music scene called DV music.
In 2016 María published her first bestseller book in Iceland and the follow-up came out in 2020.
María studies business law at Bifröst university and is a member of the socialist party in 3rd place in Reykjavík in the coming parliamentary elections in Iceland, 2021. She is married to Orri Páll Dýrason, the former drummer of the band Sigur Rós.
They have four children and a dog called Miffy and live in Reykjavík.

text:
# María Lilja Þrastardóttir

**María Lilja Þrastardóttir Kemp** (born 1 September 1986) Is an Icelandic politician, student lawyer, journalist, author and activist. Maria founded “Slut Walk” in Iceland – a movement against sexual violence. “Slut Walk” has since 2011 grown into one of Reykjavik’s biggest events of the summer. In the past years, María mainly worked in the media world as an investigative journalist at Iceland’s largest newspaper Frettabladid. Since then she continued in the broadcast genre and became a television reporter on Islands Kanal 2 News. At the time she also had her own radio program that focused on women in the music. Maria took a break from journalism in early 2014 to serve as campaign manager for Mr. Dagur B. Eggertsson, who then became mayor of Reykjavik. Later that year, she co-founded and edited a music magazine for the Icelandic music scene called DV music. In 2016 María published her first bestseller book in Iceland and the follow-up came out in 2020. María studies business law at Bifröst university and is a member of the socialist party in 3rd place in Reykjavík in the coming parliamentary elections in Iceland, 2021.

She is married to Orri Páll Dýrason, the former drummer of the band Sigur Rós. They have four children and a dog called Miffy and live in Reykjavík.

## InfoBox

| María Lilja Þrastardóttir Kemp | |
| --- | --- |
| María Lilja in 2016 | |
| Born | María Lilja Þrastardóttir Kemp
(1986-09-01) 1 September 1986
Reykjavík, Iceland |
| Partner | Orri Páll Dýrason (married) |


title: Margaret Ghogha Molomo

abstract: Margaret Ghogha Molomo is a South African environmental activist who campaigns against mining interests in defense of the right to a healthy environment. She is from Masodi village, Mokopane in the Limpopo Province of South Africa.

text:
# Margaret Ghogha Molomo

**Margaret Ghogha Molomo** is a South African environmental activist who campaigns against mining interests in defense of the right to a healthy environment. She is from Masodi village, Mokopane in the Limpopo Province of South Africa.

## Environmental activism

Molomo is the chairperson of the Mining and Environmental Justice Community Network of South Africa (MEJCON-SA) and coordinator of her community-based organization, the Kopano Formation Committee. MEJCON-SA is an organization which coordinates groups whose rights have been impacted by mining in the region, operating since 2012.

Molomo aided the community of Mokopane in a dispute with a platinum mining company which attempted to operate on land used by the community of Mokopane, Limpopo, without their consent. Additionally, the mine was conducting mining operations on land designated for agricultural purposes and in areas which contained some of the community's graves. Molomo and MEJCON sought to protect the community's rights by lodging legal appeals and undertaking court processes.

### Activism during COVID-19 Pandemic

During the COVID-19 pandemic, while Molomo's work was made significantly more difficult due to the inability to gather to protest and the lack of communication infrastructure in rural regions of South Africa, she has worked to raise awareness of the traditional practices and responsibilities of women in Limpopo villages, many of which have also been made more difficult or impossible because of the pandemic. She has especially highlighted the concern that mining companies may take advantage of the inability of villagers to exercise their cultural rights by further encroaching on ancestral lands and traditionally important sites.

## Women's Activism

Molomo has been active in the advocacy for women's rights, including women's ability to cultivate food and preserve their traditions. The COVID-19 pandemic has affected African women's traditional daily survival activities, which include gathering food and water for cooking and heating during the winter season. Due to the disruption, these practices and efforts have been fragmented, as they have been unable to carry out activities such as traveling to town to sell harvests for income. Restrictions on movement have also curtailed cultural rituals such as the visiting of mountains for annual initiation rites, the collection of herbs for the rain ritual, and the visiting of graveyards, which are important to the community but especially women. Molomo's community has fought to protect heritage sites from mining in light of this challenge.

Molomo has called to attention the tremendous impact the suspension of daily survival activities has had, not only on the entire community, but particularly on the wellbeing of women. Molomo has also emphasised the burdens women face in particular from environmental impacts of non-compliant mining operations, given that women are often left to look after relatives who fall sick due to contaminated air and water. Additionally, due to mining activity, women will have to walk further distances to fetch water as nearby boreholes are dried up, and the mining dust generated by such operations leads to endless cleaning chores at home.

## InfoBox

| Margaret Ghogha Molomo | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Ga Kgubudi village, Mokopane, Limpopo |
| Citizenship | South Africa |
| Occupation | Environmental activist |
| Organizations | * Mining and Environmental Justice Community Network of South Africa * Kopano Formation Committee |
| Website | mejcon.org.za |


title: Vilnius pontoon bridge

abstract: The Vilnius pontoon bridge was a pedestrian pontoon bridge built across the Neris river in Vilnius, Lithuania. It was a seasonal construction - it was assembled every spring and disassembled every winter by soldiers. It was built near the modern-day Mindaugas Bridge. After it collapsed in 1975, causing several deaths, it was not rebuilt again.

text:
# Vilnius pontoon bridge

The **Vilnius pontoon bridge** was a pedestrian pontoon bridge built across the Neris river in Vilnius, Lithuania. It was a seasonal construction - it was assembled every spring and disassembled every winter by soldiers. It was built near the modern-day Mindaugas Bridge. After it collapsed in 1975, causing several deaths, it was not rebuilt again.

## History

From 1960 to 1965, an unpowered cable ferry carried pedestrians over the river. It cost 5 kopeks to use the ferry. The growth of the city meant that the ferry, which could carry twenty people, was inadequate. In 1971, the Vilnius Palace of Concerts and Sports was built, furthering the need for an alternative to the Vilnius Green Bridge. A pontoon bridge was seen as a faster and more direct alternative for a larger flow of people returning from entertainment events from Žirmūnai to the Vilnius Old Town.

## 1975 accident

The pontoon bridge was laid in the spring of 1975, as was the custom. Although construction was scheduled to run from 7 to 11 April, it took longer than expected due to the river's spring flood.

On 13 April, the Hungarian musical ensemble Syrius performed at the Palace of Concerts and Sports, dedicated to the 30th anniversary of Hungary's liberation from Fascism by the USSR. Foreign artists performing inside the Soviet Union was rare, so the concert was well attended.

At around 10 p.m., after the end of the show, a crowd of people chose a quicker route back via the Vilnius Cathedral across the pontoon bridge, which was not yet open to the public. The bridge was not fenced-off, and people began climbing onto it and throwing away warning signs. With around 300 people on the bridge, one end detached from the bank. The loose section was moved by the current and individual pontoons began sinking. A number of people, wearing heavy winter clothing, fell into the icy water. Others clung to bridge sections until they were rescued.

Most of those thrown into the river were able to scramble to land, or were rescued by others, as official responders were slow to arrive. Several people died, with the last body found in early May.

### Aftermath

The incident occurred shortly after the Žasliai railway disaster, and authorities of the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic were hesitant to admit it officially. Censored newspapers either delayed reporting the accident, or downplayed it. A group of citizens, frustrated by the inactivity of the government, wrote a letter to a popular newspaper known to sometimes cross ideological norms. The newspaper did not publish about the incident, but the letter was passed to the prosecutor's office. Two senior members of the construction team were subsequently imprisoned for a couple of years.

Officially four deaths and thirty-one injuries were recorded, but this may have been downplayed due to state censorship, with the actual death count being much higher. In an official verdict, 1,963 rubles were given to people who experienced material losses. The location of the incident does not have a commemorative plaque.

The incident was mentioned in Ričardas Gavelis's novel *Jaunojo žmogaus memuarai*.

## InfoBox

| 1975 Vilnius pontoon bridge accident | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Details | |
| Date | 13 April 1975 <br>22:30 |
| Location | Vilnius |
| Country | Soviet-occupied Lithuania |
| Incident type | Collapse |
| Cause | Building not finished in time; no cautionary fences |
| Statistics | |
| Deaths | 4 (*believed to be more*) |
| Injured | 31 (*believed to be more*) |


title: Unisa Bangura

abstract: Unisa Bangura is a Sierra Leonean footballer.

text:
# Unisa Bangura

**Unisa Bangura** (born 23 July 1987 in Freetown, Sierra Leone) is a Sierra Leonean footballer.

## Career

Unisa began his European career with Klubi-04 and played 11 games in the 2005 Ykkönen season before joining HJK. In January 2007, he moved to Atlantis FC.

Bangura left Europe and signed a loan contract by East End Lions in January 2008, but in April 2010 returned to Atlantis FC.

## International career

Unisa was Sierra Leone's second-choice goalkeeper behind Patrick Bantamoi at the 2003 FIFA U-17 World Championship in Finland.

## Sources

## InfoBox

Unisa Bangura
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Unisa Bangura | | |
| Date of birth | (1987-07-23) July 23, 1987 | | |
| Place of birth | Freetown, Sierra Leone | | |
| Height | 6 ft 0 in (1.83 m) | | |
| Position(s) | Goalkeeper | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2005 | Klubi-04 | 11 | (0) |
| 2006 | HJK | 21 | (0) |
| 2007–2010 | Atlantis FC | 11 | (0) |
| 2008–2009 | East End Lions (loan) | 34 | (0) |
| 2011–2012 | PK-35 | 2 | (0) |
| International career | | | |
| 2002–2003 | Sierra Leone U-17 | 7 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Mordella albiventris

abstract: Mordella albiventris is a species of beetle in the genus Mordella of the family Mordellidae. It was described in 1875.

text:
# Mordella albiventris

***Mordella albiventris*** is a species of beetle in the genus *Mordella* of the family Mordellidae. It was described in 1875.

## InfoBox

| *Mordella albiventris* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Mordellidae |
| Genus: | *Mordella* |
| Species: | ***M. albiventris*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mordella albiventris***<br>Maeklin, 1875 | |
|


abstract: The Society for Experimental Mechanics honors members with the designation of Fellow for having made significant accomplishments to the field of mechanics.

text:
# List of fellows of the Society for Experimental Mechanics

The Society for Experimental Mechanics honors members with the designation of *Fellow* for having made significant accomplishments to the field of mechanics.

## 1975

The highest honor bestowed by the Society for Experimental Mechanics is the designation of *Honorary Member*, with a limit of ten living honorary members at any given time. From the first naming of Francis G. Tatnall as an Honorary Member in 1953 to the introduction of the rank of Fellow in 1975, a total of nine Honorary Members had been named. The inaugural class of Fellows consisted of all of the Honorary Members to that time with the exception of Max M. Frocht who had died the year before. The bylaws have since stipulated that anyone named Honorary Member who was not already named Fellow would be automatically given this distinction, although only Raymond D. Mindlin has since been named Fellow and Honorary Member in the same year.

## 1976

## 1977

## 1978

## 1979

## 1980

## 1981

## 1982

## 1983

## 1984

## 1985

## 1986

## 1987

## 1988

## 1989

## 1990

## 1991

## 1992

## 1993

## 1994

## 1995

## 1996

## 1997

## 1998

## 1999

## 2000

## 2001

## 2002

## 2003

## 2004

## 2005

## 2006

## 2007

## 2008

## 2009

## 2010

## 2011

## 2012

## 2013

## 2014

## 2015

## 2016

## 2017

## 2018

## 2019

## 2020

## 2021

## 2022


title: 21 Questions

abstract: "21 Questions" is a song by American rapper 50 Cent featuring American singer Nate Dogg. Released in March 2003 through Interscope Records, Dr. Dre's Aftermath Entertainment, Eminem's Shady Records, and 50 Cent's own G-Unit Records as the second single from 50 Cent's debut studio album Get Rich or Die Tryin', it differs from his previous singles and most of the songs on the album by being an R&B-influenced love song, largely themed around a series of questions pertaining to a relationship between 50 Cent and an unnamed girlfriend, and contains elements of Barry White's 1978 song "It's Only Love Doing Its Thing". "21 Questions" peaked at #1 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart in May 2003, becoming the second consecutive chart-topping single for 50 Cent, following the album's lead single "In da Club", and the first for Nate Dogg. Overall, the song spent four consecutive weeks atop the Hot 100 and twenty-three weeks on the chart. It was also successful internationally, reaching the top ten in the Netherlands, New Zealand and the United Kingdom, and the top five in Canada and Australia.

text:
# 21 Questions

"**21 Questions**" is a song by American rapper 50 Cent featuring American singer Nate Dogg. Released in March 2003 through Interscope Records, Dr. Dre's Aftermath Entertainment, Eminem's Shady Records, and 50 Cent's own G-Unit Records as the second single from 50 Cent's debut studio album *Get Rich or Die Tryin'*, it differs from his previous singles and most of the songs on the album by being an R&B-influenced love song, largely themed around a series of questions pertaining to a relationship between 50 Cent and an unnamed girlfriend, and contains elements of Barry White's 1978 song "It's Only Love Doing Its Thing".

"21 Questions" peaked at #1 on the US *Billboard* Hot 100 chart in May 2003, becoming the second consecutive chart-topping single for 50 Cent, following the album's lead single "In da Club", and the first for Nate Dogg. Overall, the song spent four consecutive weeks atop the Hot 100 and twenty-three weeks on the chart. It was also successful internationally, reaching the top ten in the Netherlands, New Zealand and the United Kingdom, and the top five in Canada and Australia.

## Background

When producer Dr. Dre worked with 50 Cent on his debut album, he objected to the song being included on the tracklist. According to 50 Cent;

> "Dre was, like, 'How you goin' to be gangsta this and that and then put this sappy love song on?'"

. 50 Cent responded saying;

> "I'm two people. I've always had to be two people since I was a kid, to get by. To me that's not diversity, it's necessity."

## Music video

Directed by Damon Johnson, Dr. Dre and Phillip Atwell in March 2003, the music video for "21 Questions" depicts 50 Cent being arrested and confined to prison, where he tries to keep in touch with his girlfriend, played by Meagan Good. In prison, he is constantly harassed by a rival inmate (Tyson Beckford). The video ends with a continuation of the beginning, showing 50 Cent and his girlfriend watching from their home as the police arrest Beckford instead; the prison scenes are revealed to be a hypothetical scenario imagined by a worried 50 Cent. The video has cameo appearances by Nate Dogg (who provides vocals on the chorus and the outro) and fellow G-Unit members Lloyd Banks and Young Buck as other inmates.

On April 15, 2003, the video debuted on MTV's *Total Request Live* at number six, reached number one two days later, and stayed on the chart for 50 days. It also reached number two on the *MuchMusic* video charts.

The music video on YouTube has received over 605 million views as of July 2024.

## Remixes

Official remixes of the single includes featured artists among the likes of Nate Dogg, Monica, Free and Lil' Mo, all of whom have either rapped or sung their own verses over the song's instrumentals.

### "21 Answers"

| "21 Answers" | |
| --- | --- |
| Promotional single by Lil' Mo featuring Free | |
| from the album  *Meet the Girl Next Door* | |
| Released | 2003 (2003) |
| Recorded | 2003 |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 4:02 |
| Label | Elektra |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Producer(s) | Dirty Swift of Midi Mafia |

"**21 Answers**" is remix recorded by American singer and rapper Lil' Mo and former *106 & Park* co-host Free, as an answer song to "21 Questions." Kevin "Dirty Swift" Risto, one-half of Midi Mafia, originally conceived the idea of creating a female response record; he immediately got in touch with Lil' Mo and added Free as a collaborator. The song subsequently premiered on New York's Hot 97 radio station—resulting in numerous rotations on various radio stations across the United States—and later debuted on the US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs at number 77. Although the song went on to spend 11 weeks on the chart based solely on airplay, it failed to be included on Lil' Mo's second studio album *Meet the Girl Next Door* (2003), due to the song not being finalized in time to meet the album's deadline. However, because of Elektra Records' 2004 merging with Atlantic, the song appeared on the 2011 re-release of *Meet the Girl Next Door*.

#### Charts

Weekly chart performance for "21 Answers"
| Chart (2003) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (*Billboard*) | 50 |

## Track listings

1. "21 Questions" - 3:44
2. "Soldier (Freestyle with G-Unit) - 3:18
3. "21 Questions" (Live from New York) - 4:54
4. "21 Questions" (Music Video) - 3:49

* **French CD single**

1. "21 Questions" - 3:44
2. "21 Answers" (featuring Monica) - 4:03

## Credits and personnel

* Producer: Dirty Swift of Midi Mafia
* Mixed by: Dr. Dre
* Recorded by: Sha Money XL and Maurico "Veto" Iragorri
* Protool edits by: Carlise Young
* Assisted by: Ruben Rivera

## Charts

## Certifications

Certifications and sales for "21 Questions"
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Australia (ARIA) | Platinum | 70,000^ |
| Brazil (Pro-Música Brasil) | Gold | 30,000 |
| Denmark (IFPI Danmark) | Gold | 45,000 |
| Germany (BVMI) | Gold | 150,000 |
| Spain (PROMUSICAE) | Gold | 30,000 |
| United Kingdom (BPI) | 2× Platinum | 1,200,000 |
| United States (RIAA) | 4× Platinum | 4,000,000 |
| United States (RIAA)
*Mastertone* | Gold | 500,000* |
| * Sales figures based on certification alone.
^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.
Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## Release history

Release dates and formats for "21 Questions"
| Region | Date | Format(s) | Label(s) | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| United States | March 4, 2003 | Digital download |  |  |
| | April 8, 2003 | |  |  |
| | May 13, 2003 | | 12-inch vinyl |  |
| Germany | June 23, 2003 | Maxi CD | Universal Music |  |
| Australia | | | June 30, 2003 |  |
| | United Kingdom |  | Polydor |  |
| France | | August 19, 2003 | CD |  |

## Myke Towers version

| "Girl" | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by Myke Towers | |
| from the album  *Easy Money Baby* | |
| Released | 23 January 2020 (2020-01-23) |
| Recorded | 2020 |
| Genre | Reggaeton |
| Length | 3:10 |
| Label | Sony Latin |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Myke Towers singles chronology | |
| "Piensan"
(2019) "**Girl**"
(2020) "Diosa"
(2020) | |
|  | |
| Music video | |
| "Girl" on YouTube | |
|  | |

In 2020, Puerto Rican rapper/singer Myke Towers released a Spanish version of the song titled "Girl" for his album *Easy Money Baby*. His version is all in the same rhythm as the original but the message of the lyrics is different. His version entered the charts in the Hispanic market and was certified quintuple platinum in the United States.

### Charts

| Chart (2020) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Spain (PROMUSICAE) | 28 |
| US Hot Latin Songs (*Billboard*) | 23 |
|

### Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| United States (RIAA) | 5× Platinum (Latin) | 300,000 |
| Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## InfoBox

| "21 Questions" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg | |
| from the album  *Get Rich or Die Tryin'* | |
| B-side |  |
| Released | March 4, 2003 (2003-03-04) |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 3:44 |
| Label |  |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Producer(s) | Dirty Swift |
| 50 Cent singles chronology | |
| "Magic Stick"
(2003) "**21 Questions**"
(2003) "P.I.M.P."
(2003) | |
|  | |
| Nate Dogg singles chronology | |
| "Get Up"
(2003) "**21 Questions**"
(2003) "Gangsta Nation"
(2003) | |
| Music video | |
| "21 Questions" on YouTube | |
|  | |


title: Yellowstone National Park silver dollar

abstract: The Yellowstone National Park silver dollar is a commemorative coin issued by the United States Mint in 1999. Proceeds benefitted Yellowstone National Park and other national parks via the National Park Foundation.

text:
# Yellowstone National Park silver dollar

The **Yellowstone National Park silver dollar** is a commemorative coin issued by the United States Mint in 1999. Proceeds benefitted Yellowstone National Park and other national parks via the National Park Foundation.

## Legislation

The **United States Commemorative Coin Act of 1996** (Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 104–1776 (text) (PDF)) authorized the production of a commemorative silver dollar to commemorate the 125th anniversary of the establishment of Yellowstone National Park, the nation's first. The act allowed the coins to be struck in both proof and uncirculated finishes. The coins were first released on July 16, 1999.

## Design

The obverse of the Yellowstone National Park commemorative dollar, designed by Edgar Z. Steever, IV, depicts a spouting geyser with the park's tree-lined landscape in the background. The reverse, designed by William C. Cousins, is adapted from the seal of the U.S. Department of Interior and shows an American Buffalo on the plains with a sun rising above the mountains in the background.

## Specifications

* Display Box Color: Dark Green
* Edge: Reeded
* Weight: 26.730 grams; 0.8594 troy ounce
* Diameter: 38.10 millimeters; 1.500 inches
* Composition: 90% Silver, 10% Copper

## InfoBox

Yellowstone National Park Commemorative Dollar
| United States | |
| --- | --- |
| Value | 1 U.S. Dollar |
| Mass | 26.73 g |
| Diameter | 38.10 mm (1.500 in) |
| Edge | Reeded |
| Composition | 90% Ag<br>10% Cu |
| Years of minting | 1999 |
| Obverse | |
|  | |
| Design | A spouting geyser with background treeline |
| Designer | Edgar Z. Steever, IV |
| Design date | 1999 |
| Reverse | |
|  | |
| Design | American Buffalo with sun and mountains in the background |
| Designer | William C. Cousins |
| Design date | 1999 |


title: Massamba Ndiaye

abstract: Massamba Ndiaye is a Senegalese professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Ligue 2 club Clermont.

text:
# Massamba Ndiaye

**Massamba Ndiaye** (born 8 October 2001) is a Senegalese professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for  Ligue 2 club Clermont.

## Career

Ndiaye signed with Pau in 2021 from his native CNEPS Excellence. He extended his professional contract with Pau on 25 May 2022 for three years, keeping him at the club until June 2025.

He made his professional debut for Pau in a 1–1 Ligue 2 tie with Bastia on 5 February 2022.

In August 2023, he signed with a Ligue 1 team Clermont before the start of the season at Ligue 2.

## InfoBox

Massamba Ndiaye
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (2001-10-08) 8 October 2001 | | |
| Place of birth | Senegal | | |
| Height | 2.02 m (6 ft 8 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Goalkeeper | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | Clermont | | |
| Number | 1 | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| 2019–2021 | CNEPS Excellence | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2021–2023 | Pau | 9 | (0) |
| 2022–2023 | Pau B | 5 | (0) |
| 2023– | Clermont B | 1 | (0) |
| 2023– | Clermont | 4 | (0) |
| International career | | | |
| 2022– | Senegal U23 | 1 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 02:49, 20 May 2024 (UTC) | | | |


title: Martin Unrein

abstract: Martin Unrein was a German general during World War II who commanded several divisions.

text:
# Martin Unrein

**Martin Unrein** (1 January 1901 – 22 January 1972) was a German general during World War II who commanded several divisions.

## Career

Unrein enlisted the German army in the final stages of World War I and then joined the re-established Reichswehr, where he held various regimental posts through the 1930s. In September 1940, he was promoted to lieutenant-colonel and assigned to OKW. On 15 September 1941, he was appointed to command a motorcycle battalion in the 6th Panzer Division. The battalion was almost destroyed fighting outside Moscow, and Unrein was court-martialled, but was absolved of all blame.

On 10 September 1943, he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. On 29 October of that year, he was appointed to command the 14th Panzer Division, which was shortly to be sent to the Eastern Front. On 26 June 1944, he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves. On 11 February, he was promoted to command the III SS Panzer Corps and remained with the Corps until 5 March. On 4 April he was appointed to command the newly formed Panzer Division Clausewitz.

## Awards and decorations

### Citations

### Bibliography

* Patzwall, Klaus D.; Scherzer, Veit (2001). *Das Deutsche Kreuz 1941 – 1945 Geschichte und Inhaber Band II* \[*The German Cross 1941 – 1945 History and Recipients Volume 2*\] (in German). Norderstedt, Germany: Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall. ISBN 978-3-931533-45-8.
* Scherzer, Veit (2007). *Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives* \[*The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives*\] (in German). Jena, Germany: Scherzers Militaer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-938845-17-2.
* Thomas, Franz (1998). *Die Eichenlaubträger 1939–1945 Band 2: L–Z* \[*The Oak Leaves Bearers 1939–1945 Volume 2: L–Z*\] (in German). Osnabrück, Germany: Biblio-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-7648-2300-9.

## InfoBox

| Martin Unrein | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1901-01-01)1 January 1901 |
| Died | 22 January 1972(1972-01-22) (aged 71) |
| Allegiance | Nazi Germany |
| Service/branch | Army (Wehrmacht) |
| Years of service | 1918–45 |
| Rank | Generalleutnant |
| Commands | 14th Panzer Division
III SS Panzer Corps
Panzer Division Clausewitz |
| Battles/wars | World War II |
| Awards | Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves |


title: Phalangerida

abstract: Phalangerida is one of the two former suborders of the large marsupial order Diprotodontia. This large and diverse suborder included kangaroos, wallabies, quokkas, possums, gliding possum-like marsupials and others. The much smaller suborder Vombatiformes encompasses only the koalas and wombats. This suborder is no longer considered to accurately describe the diversity in Diprotodontia. Phalangeriformes has come to replace Phalangerida but does not include the potoroos (Potoroidae), kangaroos and wallabies (Macropodidae) or the musky rat-kangaroo (Hypsiprymnodontidae). These families are now placed in a new suborder named Macropodiformes.

text:
# Phalangerida

**Phalangerida** is one of the two former suborders of the large marsupial order Diprotodontia. This large and diverse suborder included kangaroos, wallabies, quokkas, possums, gliding possum-like marsupials and others. The much smaller suborder Vombatiformes encompasses only the koalas and wombats. This suborder is no longer considered to accurately describe the diversity in Diprotodontia.

Phalangeriformes has come to replace Phalangerida but does not include the potoroos (Potoroidae), kangaroos and wallabies (Macropodidae) or the musky rat-kangaroo (Hypsiprymnodontidae). These families are now placed in a new suborder named Macropodiformes.

Kear, B.P. & Cooke, B.N., 2001:12!20. A review of macropodoid systematics with the inclusion of a new family. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 25, 83–101. ISSN 0810-8889

## InfoBox

| Phalangerida | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Ground cuscus | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Infraclass: | Marsupialia |
| Order: | Diprotodontia |
| Suborder: | Phalangerida |
|
| Families | |
| Phalangeridae: brushtail possums and cuscuses
Burramyidae: pygmy possums
Tarsipedidae: Honey possum
Petauridae: (Striped possum, Leadbeater's possum, and gliders)
Pseudocheiridae: ringtailed possums and allies
Potoridae: bettongs, potaroos and rat kangaroos
Acrobatidae: (Feathertail glider and Feathertail possum)
Hypsiprymnodontidae: Musky rat-kangaroo
Macropodidae: kangaroos, wallabies and allies | |


title: Margaret Lemos

abstract: Margaret H. Lemos is an American legal scholar of constitutional law, legal institutions, and procedure. She is currently Robert G. Seaks Distinguished Professor of Law at Duke University School of Law, where she has taught since 2011. Lemos completed a Bachelor of Arts degree in political science at Brown University in 1997. She graduated from the New York University School of Law in 2001. Lemos clerked for Kermit V. Lipez and John Paul Stevens, held fellowships at New York University and the Office of the Solicitor General before beginning her teaching career at the Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law. In 2011, she joined the Duke University School of Law faculty. In Fall 2014 she served as Anne Urowsky Visiting Professor of Law at Yale Law School. Lemos was appointed the Robert G. Seaks Distinguished Professor of Law in 2015. In 2021, Lemos served on Joe Biden's Presidential Commission on the Supreme Court of the United States.

text:
# Margaret Lemos

**Margaret H. Lemos** is an American legal scholar of constitutional law, legal institutions, and procedure. She is currently Robert G. Seaks Distinguished Professor of Law at Duke University School of Law, where she has taught since 2011.

Lemos completed a Bachelor of Arts degree in political science at Brown University in 1997. She graduated from the New York University School of Law in 2001. Lemos clerked for Kermit V. Lipez and John Paul Stevens, held fellowships at New York University and the Office of the Solicitor General before beginning her teaching career at the Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law.

In 2011, she joined the Duke University School of Law faculty. In Fall 2014 she served as Anne Urowsky Visiting Professor of Law at Yale Law School. Lemos was appointed the Robert G. Seaks Distinguished Professor of Law in 2015.

In 2021, Lemos served on Joe Biden's Presidential Commission on the Supreme Court of the United States.

## InfoBox

| Margaret H. Lemos | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Academic background | |
| Alma mater |  |
| Academic work | |
| Institutions | Duke University School of Law |
|  | |


title: Vilma Ebsen

abstract: Vilma Ebsen was an American musical theatre and film actress best known for dancing in Broadway shows and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer musicals in the 1930s with her brother Buddy Ebsen.

text:
# Vilma Ebsen

**Vilma Ebsen** (February 1, 1911 – March 12, 2007) was an American musical theatre and film actress best known for dancing in Broadway shows and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer musicals in the 1930s with her brother Buddy Ebsen.

## Biography

Ebsen was born in Belleville, Illinois. During her childhood, her family relocated to Orlando, Florida. Beginning at age 2, she learned to dance at her father's dance studio, along with her siblings. Her father also coached her in swimming, and she won a state breaststroke championship in Florida in 1927.

Arthur Murray hired Vilma and Buddy Ebsen when they were teenagers to dance for one summer at teatime in the Grove Park Inn in Asheville, North Carolina, where Murray was the social director. They moved to New York City in 1928, where they formed a vaudeville act. Rather than duplicating each other's movements, their dances were (as Vilma put it) in counterpoint with each doing different movements. One of their early appearances together was in Eddie Cantor's Ziegfeld production *Whoopee!*.

When *Whoopee* closed after a year and a half, Vilma and Buddy Ebsen took their act to Atlantic City, New Jersey, where they caught the eye of celebrity columnist Walter Winchell. Repeated positive mentions of the Ebsens in Winchell's column brought them multiple offers for performing.

Along with her brother, Ebsen performed a dance act on Broadway, as well as around the United States in vaudeville theaters and supper clubs throughout the early 1930s. The two starred in Broadway productions of *Flying Colors* (1932) and *Ziegfeld Follies of 1934*. They moved to Hollywood in 1935, where Vilma appeared as Sally Burke in *Broadway Melody of 1936* (1935).

After the success of *Broadway Melody of 1936*, the studio decided to separate the Ebsens. Vilma Ebsen was not interested in accepting Louis B. Mayer's offer to make her "the next Myrna Loy" and moved back to New York with her husband, composer and bandleader Robert Emmett "Bobby" Dolan, whom she had married on June 24, 1933. Back in New York, she appeared in the Broadway musical comedy, *Between the Devil*, with British dancing stars Jack Buchanan, Evelyn Laye, and Adele Dixon. This show ran from December 22, 1937, until March 12, 1938.

Ebsen then retired from show business to become a full-time homemaker. She and Dolan moved to Pacific Palisades, California in 1941. They had one child, a son named Robert, and later divorced in January 1948. Later that year, she married tennis player Stanley Briggs. They also had a son, Michael.

In the 1950s she opened a dance school in Pacific Palisades with her sister, Helga, which was also partially funded by their brother, Buddy. They also had a dance studio in Beverly Hills where thy taught tap, ballet, and acrobatics. Candace Bergen was a student there. Her son Robert Dolan was one of the dance teachers. Another was Arthur Mahoney, a ballet master from New York. The school offered lessons in tap, jazz, ballet, and ballroom dance. It also gave annual dance recitals and cotillions at the Riveria Country Club, Deauville Beach Club, and other notable venues.

The Ebsen Dance Studio was in a large two-story building on Swarthmore Drive, and Vilma and Helga lived in a house behind the studio. The studio had a large room below and several smaller dance rooms above. The studio staged a community theatre production of *The Teahouse of the August Moon* in 1960, but thereafter discontinued its community theatre and dismantled the stage to enlarge the space into a larger dance area.

She died at the age of 96 in Thousand Oaks, California.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1935 | *Broadway Melody of 1936* | Sally Burke |  |

## InfoBox

| Vilma Ebsen | |
| --- | --- |
| Vilma Ebsen in Broadway Melody of 1936 | |
| Born | February 1, 1911
Belleville, Illinois, U.S. |
| Died | March 12, 2007(2007-03-12) (aged 96)
Thousand Oaks, California, U.S. |
| Occupation | Actress |
| Years active | 1935–1941 |
| Spouse(s) | Robert Emmett Dolan (1933–1948) (divorced) (1 child)
Stanley Briggs (1948-?) (divorced) |
| Children | 2 |
| Relatives | Buddy Ebsen (brother), Kiki Ebsen (niece) |


title: Uniscribe

abstract:
Uniscribe is the Microsoft Windows set of services for rendering Unicode-encoded text, supporting complex text layout. It is implemented in the dynamic link library USP10.DLL. Uniscribe was released with Windows 2000 and Internet Explorer 5.0. In addition, the Windows CE platform has supported Uniscribe since version 5.0. "USP" is an initialism for Unicode Scripts Processor. Its features include:
  - arranging input text from the input sequence to visual sequence;
  - substituting glyphs according to context;
  - ordering displayed text based on text flow direction, such as left-to-right or right-to left, horizontal or vertical. Although Uniscribe continues to be maintained as of 2021, its intended replacement DirectWrite, which has more features, was introduced with Windows 7.

text:
# Uniscribe

**Uniscribe** is the Microsoft Windows set of services for rendering Unicode-encoded text, supporting complex text layout. It is implemented in the dynamic link library USP10.DLL. Uniscribe was released with Windows 2000 and Internet Explorer 5.0. In addition, the Windows CE platform has supported Uniscribe since version 5.0.

"USP" is an initialism for **U**nicode **S**cripts **P**rocessor. Its features include:

* arranging input text from the input sequence to visual sequence;
* substituting glyphs according to context (e.g., different forms of Arabic characters);
* ordering displayed text based on text flow direction, such as left-to-right or right-to left, horizontal or vertical.

Although Uniscribe continues to be maintained as of 2021, its intended replacement DirectWrite, which has more features, was introduced with Windows 7.

## USP10.DLL Versions

Below are listed some common versions of usp10.dll, as well as the methods by which they are distributed.

Features are added according only the "major.minor" part of the version number, the third part in the full version number is used for system target identification numbers for which the DLL was ported by Microsoft, and the last part is the build number on each target system version (which may change within regular system/software updates). Some hotfixes provide upgrades only for specific applications (notably in the Office installation directory), and are not suitable for use in the Windows system directory (whose version of the DLL should never be updated and is often protected by the system):

File sizes may vary depending on specific localizations of the DLL (depending on the target system or application for which it was compiled); those given here are for the US-English localization.

Versions of `USP10.DLL` for the US-English localized platforms
| Version number | File Size | File Date | Software Bundled by | New feature of this version |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 10.0.14393.0 | 79,360 bytes (x64) | 2016-08-02 | Windows 10 Anniversary Update | ? |
| 1.626.7601.23259 | 627,712 bytes (x86) | 2015-11-03 | ? | ? |
|
| 1.626.7601.19054 | 627,712 bytes (x86) | 2015-11-03 | ? | ? |
| 10.0.10240.16834 | 626,688 bytes (x64) | 2015-07-10 | Windows 10 | Universal Shaping Engine support for Unicode 7.0 complex scripts |
| 1.626.7601.18454 (Windows 7 GDR) | 626,688 bytes (x86)
801,280 bytes (x64) | 2014-04-25 | KB2957509    Windows 7, Windows Server 2008 R2, Windows Vista, Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2003 | Security update |
| 1.626.7601.22666 (Windows 7 LDR) | 626,688 bytes (x86)
801,792 bytes (x64) | | | |
| 6.3.9431.0 | 76,288 bytes | 2013-06-16 | Windows 8.1 (preview) | ? |
| 6.2.9200.16384 | 74 KiB
 | 2012-07-26 | Windows 8 | ? |
| 1.626.7601.22171 | 626,688 bytes (x86) | 2012-11-22 | ? | ? |
| 1.626.7601.18009 | 612 KiB
 | 2012-11-22 | KB2786400 | An update is available that changes the default settings of the shaping behavior for Arabic text rendering in Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2. |
| 1.626.7601.17514 | 781 KiB
 | 2010-11-20 | Windows 7 SP1 x64 (RTM) | ? |
| | 611 KiB
 | | Windows 7 SP1 x86 (RTM) | |
| 1.626.7601.17105 | 611 KiB
 | 2010-09-30 | Windows 7 SP1 (RC) | Restore support for unassigned code points |
| 1.626.7600.20796 | 625 KiB
 | 2010-09-21 | PowerPoint Viewer 2010 (SP1) KB2460050 | ? |
| 1.626.7600.20602 | 623 KiB
 | 2010-01-07 | Microsoft Office 2010 (RTM) | Support PR-37: Clarification of the Use of Zero Width Joiner in Indic Scripts; This version supports OpenType on Windows XP. |
| 1.626.7600.16385 | 628 KiB
 | 2009-08-04 | Microsoft Office 2010 (Beta) | ? |
| | 612 KiB
 | 2009-07-14 | Windows 7 (RTM) | ? |
| 1.626.7100.0 | 612 KiB
 | 2009-04-22 | Windows 7 RC | ? |
| 1.626.6002.22402 | 491 KiB
 | 2010-07-11 | Microsoft Office 2007 (SP2) Security Update KB2288621 | MS10-063: Description of the security update for the 2007 Office suites: September 14, 2010 |
| 1.626.6002.18244 | 607 KiB
 | 2010-04-16 | Windows Server 2008 SP2, Windows Vista SP2 Security Update KB981322 | MS10-063: Description of the security update for Windows Unicode Scripts Processor: September 14, 2010 |
| 1.626.6002.18005 | 607 KiB
 | 2009-04-11 | Windows Server 2008 SP2, Windows Vista SP2 | ? |
| 1.626.6001.18000 | 490 KiB
 | 2008-01-19 | Windows Server 2008 (RTM), Windows Vista SP1, VOLTSupplementalFiles (July 2008), MS VOLT 1.3  (released July 31, 2008), SIL FieldWorks, Keyman Desktop 7.1 | Supports newer OpenType table features; improved support for ligatures and contextual shapes in Indic scripts with simpler fonts |
| 1.626.6001.16510 | 491 KiB
 | 2007-04-18 | Windows Server "Longhorn" (Beta 3) | ? |
| 1.626.6000.20581 | 491 KiB
(502,784 bytes) | 2007-04-19 02:15:55 UTC | Windows Vista Hotfix KB936176 | FIX: incorrect rendering of fully decomposed characters in NFD form encoded in sequences with more than 2 characters (affects 114 Latin characters decomposed in sequences of 3 codes) |
| 1.626.6000.16386 | 491 KiB
(502,784 bytes) | 2006-11-02 09:44:03 UTC | Windows Vista Ultimate (RTM) | DirectX 10? WDDM? |
| 1.626.5756.0 | 491 KiB
 | 2006-10-13 | Microsoft Office 2007 Ultimate (RTM) | Supports Oriya and Kannada scripts |
|  | | | | |
| 1.615.5384.4 | 484 KiB
 | 2006-06-17 | Windows Vista (Beta 2) | DirectX 9? |
|  | | | | |
| 1.614.5315.0 | 454 KiB
 | 2006-03-13 | Microsoft Office 2007 (Beta 2) | OpenType typographic features? |
|  | | | | |
| 1.613.5291.0 | 481 KiB
(492,544 bytes) | 2006-01-04 | Windows Vista (Beta 1) | Microsoft VOLT 1.2 |
|  | | | | |
| 1.609.5219.0 | 469 KiB
 | 2005-08-17 | Microsoft Office 12 Professional (Beta 1) | OpenType typographic features? |
|  | | | | |
| 1.606.5065.1 | ?
 | ? | Third-party software | Supports Mongolian script |
| 1.606.5078.0 | ?
 | ? | Hotfix for SIL fonts | FIX : Combining mark sequences in Latin script may be incorrectly rendered |
|  | | | | |
| 1.601.5022.8 | 428 KiB
 | 2005-01-07 | Microsoft Sinhala Enabling Pack for XP 0.42 | Supports Sinhala script |
|  | | | | |
| 1.473.4067.15 | 415 KiB
(424,960 bytes) | 2004-10-22 | Third-party software | Microsoft Visual OpenType Layout Tool (VOLT) 1.1.225 update |
| 1.473.4067.0 | 415 KiB
(424,960 bytes) | 2004-10-22 | Third-party software | Supports Malayalam script; VOLTSupplementalFiles (Nov 2004); rendering improvement up to 3 diacritics with CGJ |
|  | | | | |
| 1.471.4063.0 | 415 KiB
(424,960 bytes) | 2004-02-04 | Microsoft Office 2003 (fix), SIL FieldWorks (Speech Tools Phonology Assistant 3.0.1) | ? |
| 1.471.4030.0 | 404 KiB
(413,184 bytes) | 2004-04-15 | Microsoft Office 2003, Google Earth | |
|  | | | | |
| 1.468.4015.0 | ? KiB
(? bytes) | ? | Paratext 6 | Supports Tibetan script. |
| 1.468.4011.0 | ? KiB
(? bytes) | ? | ? | |
|  | | | | |
| 1.460.3707.0 | ? KiB
(? bytes) | ? | MS VOLT 1.1.206 | Supports Khmer script |
|  | | | | |
| 1.453.3665.0 | ? KiB
(? bytes) | ? | VOLTSupplementalFiles (Aug 2002) | ? |
|  | | | | |
| 1.422.3790.1830 | 355 KiB
(364,032 bytes) | 2005-03-30 | Windows Server 2003 (SP1) | FIX? |
|  | | | | |
| 1.421.3790.0 | 345 KiB
(353,280 bytes) | 2003-03-25 | Windows Server 2003 | Support for DirectX, GDI+ and newer display driver model |
|  | | | | |
| 1.420.2600.5969 | 397 KiB
(406,016 bytes) | 2010-04-16 | Windows XP (SP3) Security Update KB981322 | MS10-063: Description of the security update for Windows Unicode Scripts Processor: September 14, 2010 |
| 1.420.2600.5512 | 397 KiB
(406,016 bytes) | 2008-04-14 | Windows XP Build 5512 (SP3) | FIX? |
| 1.420.2600.3163 | 397 KiB
(406,016 bytes) | 2007-06-26 | Windows XP (SP2) Hotfix KB939450 | FIX: The GetCharacterPlacement function unexpectedly returns zero |
| 1.420.2600.2791 | 397 KiB
(406,016 bytes) | 2005-11-05 | Windows XP (SP2) Hotfix KB910466 | FIX: You may receive a "MEM\_BAD\_POINTER" error message on a computer that is running Windows XP with Service Pack 2 |
| 1.420.2600.2180 | 397 KiB
(406,528 bytes) | 2004-08-12 | Windows XP Build 2180 (SP2) | Supports Bengali and Malayalam scripts; supports complex Latin (for Vietnamese); FIX: ligation of tone contours |
|  | | | | |
| 1.409.2600.1106 | 331 KiB
(339,456 bytes) | 2002-08-29 | Windows XP Build 1106 (SP1) | ? |
|  | | | | |
| 1.408.2600.1020 | 331 KiB
(339,456 bytes) | 2002-04-17 | Internet Explorer 6.0.2800.1106 (SP1) | ? |
|  | | | | |
| 1.407.2600.0 | 331 KiB
(339,456 bytes) | 2001-08-17 | Windows XP | Supports Thaana, Gujarati, Kannada, Gurmukhi (Punjabi), Syriac and Telugu scripts |
|  | | | | |
| 1.405.2416.1 | 317 KiB
(325,120 bytes) | 2001-01-15 | Microsoft Office XP (2002), Microsoft Word 2000 (SP1) | Fully supports Hebrew, Devanagari and Tamil scripts |
|  | | | | |
| 1.400.2411.1 | 316 KiB
(323,072 bytes) | 2000-12-13 | Internet Explorer 6 | ? |
|  | | | | |
| 1.325.2195.6692 | 308 KiB
(315,664 bytes) | 2003-06-19 | Windows 2000 SP4 (?) | ? |
| 1.325.2195.? | ?
 | 2001-09-25 | Microsoft Windows Installer 2.0 Redistributable for Windows 95/98/Me KB827763 | Needed for Microsoft viewers (which otherwise require 98SE at least) of Powerpoint 2003 (and later) presentations on Windows 95 and 98 |
| 1.325.2195.1340 | 308 KiB
(315,664 bytes) | 2000-07-21 | Windows 2000 SP1 | Fully supports Arabic script |
|  | | | | |
| 1.325.2180.1 | 316 KiB
(323,584 bytes) | 2000-06-08 | Windows Me | Improved API for scripts with bidirectional and complex layouts; minimum support for Arabic and Hebrew scripts (no contextual letter forms, requires compatibility character mappings in fonts) |
| | 307 KiB
(315,152 bytes) | 2000-04-26 | Microsoft Global IME for Microsoft Office XP | |
| | 307 KiB
(315,152 bytes) | 1999-11-30 | Internet Explorer 5.5 release, SP1 & SP2 | |
| 1.175.0.1 | 268 KiB
(274,432 bytes) | 1999-04-05 | Windows 98 SE | First stable Uniscribe API; supports simple alphabetic scripts with decomposed diacritics (Latin, Greek, Cyrillic) |
| | 258 KiB
(264,976 bytes) | 1999-01-28 | Internet Explorer 5.01 | |
|  | | | | |
| 1.163.1890.1 | 262 KiB
(268,288 bytes) | 1998-09-22 | Third-party software | Multilanguage Text Layout and Complex Scripts (MTLCS) snapshot (early release for developers) |

## Universal Shaping Engine

Scripts with complex text layout have contextual and non-linear requirements to render their typography correctly. These requirements include: ligatures, where two consecutive characters are combined into one shape (Latin, Devanagari); reordering, where some characters are written before the letter they follow in pronunciation (Bengali, Sinhala, and other Indic scripts); and context-shaping, where some letters have to change shape depending on whether they occur in the beginning, middle, or the end of the word (Arabic, Mongolian).

Uniscribe uses several script-specific shaping engines for handling typography in supported complex scripts; these are implemented in addition to a generic engine for non-complex scripts (such as Latin or Cyrillic). The currently used engines include Indic (Bengali, Devanagari, Gujarati, Gurmukhi, Kannada, etc.), Arabic, Hangul, Hebrew, Khmer, Myanmar, and Thai/Lao variants.

The complexity of the Unicode standard and ambiguities in OpenType specification often result in incomplete or erroneous implementations of complex text layout. Script-specific shaping engines work on a case-by-case basis and do not consistently handle common features of OpenType fonts, which makes it difficult for OS programmers and font developers to support new scripts. Implementation errors are very hard or impossible to correct at a later stage without breaking up backward compatibility for existing documents and fonts, often requiring new OpenType layout features and a redesign of existing fonts and typography rendering engines.

In Windows 10, major refactoring work was done for Uniscribe to implement a generalized shaping model, the Universal Shaping Engine (USE). This engine is directly based on glyph properties defined in the Unicode standard, in the hope that any complex script with a suitable font would be supported without the time and effort required to create a dedicated shaping engine.

USE builds on a generalized "universal cluster model" developed for the Indic scripts, which models a superset of human writing systems. The engine classifies each character of a complex script into several categories, base classes and subclasses. For example, a provisional Indic classification includes general, syllabic and positional categories, further divided into base (number, consonant, tone letter, dependent vowel, etc.), base vowel (independent vowel), number (Brahmi joining number), final, medial, and modifier consonants, medial consonants, as well as top, bottom, left and right consonants and vowels. Unicode symbol strings are converted into collections of USE classes using well-defined rules, making glyph composition a standard procedure and allowing inter-character interactions not possible with current language features defined in OpenType specifications.

The Universal Shaping Engine was presented at the OpenType Developer Meeting in 2014; a compatible approach was also implemented by the open source HarfBuzz text shaper. As of 2020, the USE in Windows 10 handles a total of 70 complex scripts: Adlam, Ahom, Balinese, Batak, Bhaiksuki, Brahmi, Buginese, Buhid, Chakma, Cham, Chorasmian, Dives Akuru, Duployan, Egyptian Hieroglyphs, Elymaic, Grantha, Gunjala Gondi, Hanifi Rohingya, Hanunoo, Javanese, Kaithi, Kayah Li, Kharoshthi, Khitan Small Script, Khojki, Khudawadi, Lepcha, Limbu, Mahajani, Makasar, Mandaic, Manichaean, Marchen, Masaram Gondi, Medefaidrin, Meitei Mayek, Miao, Modi, Mongolian, Multani, Nandinagari, Newa, N’Ko, Nyiakeng Puachue Hmong, Pahawh Hmong, Phags-pa, Psalter Pahlavi, Rejang, Saurashtra, Sharada, Siddham, Sinhala, Sogdian, Old Sogdian, Soyombo, Sundanese, Syloti Nagri, Tagalog, Tagbanwa, Tai Le, Tai Tham (limited support), Tai Viet, Takri, Tibetan, Tifinagh, Tirhuta, Wancho, Yezidi, and Zanabazar Square.

## Versions

Although Uniscribe has been available since Windows 2000, new versions of Uniscribe have provided more functions to the system, namely, support for other writing systems. An earlier update of it supports the display of Arabic and Hebrew, then Thai and Vietnamese. Since Windows XP, more South Asian and Assyrian scripts are supported.

Notes


title: Mordella alboguttata

abstract: Mordella alboguttata is a species of beetle in the genus Mordella of the family Mordellidae. It was described in 1851.

text:
# Mordella alboguttata

***Mordella alboguttata*** is a species of beetle in the genus *Mordella* of the family Mordellidae. It was described in 1851.

## InfoBox

| *Mordella alboguttata* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Mordellidae |
| Genus: | *Mordella* |
| Species: | ***M. alboguttata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mordella alboguttata***<br>Solier, 1851 | |
|


abstract: The United States Post Office-Connellsville is an historic, American post office building that is located in Connellsville, Fayette County, Pennsylvania. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.

text:
# United States Post Office (Connellsville, Pennsylvania)

The **United States Post Office-Connellsville** is an historic, American post office building that is located in Connellsville, Fayette County, Pennsylvania.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.

## History and architectural features

Built between 1911 and 1913, this historic structure is a two-story, five-bay, brick building that was designed in the Classical Revival style. It measures ninety-nine feet by fifty-four feet, with a ten-foot rear extension. It was designed by the Office of the Supervising Architect under the direction of James Knox Taylor.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| United States Post Office-Connellsville | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| US Post Office-Connellsville, April 2008 | |
|  | |
| Interactive map showing the location for U.S. Post Office-Connellsville | |
| Location | 115 N. Arch St., Connellsville, Pennsylvania |
| Coordinates | 40°0′58″N 79°35′23″W / 40.01611°N 79.58972°W / 40.01611; -79.58972 |
| Area | less than one acre |
| Built | 1913 |
| Built by | Fissell, W.R., Co. |
| Architect | Taylor, James Knox |
| Architectural style | Classical Revival |
| NRHP reference No. | 92001495 |
| Added to NRHP | June 24, 1993 |


title: Yazagyo

abstract: Yazagyo is the northernmost village in Kale Township, Kale District, of western Burma (Myanmar). The Yazagyo Airfield, where the US 965th and 966th Airborne Air Control Squadrons were stationed during World War II, is located 3 kilometres (2 mi) north of the town.

text:
# Yazagyo

**Yazagyo** (also **Yazagya** and **Yarzagyo**) is the northernmost village in Kale Township, Kale District, of western Burma (Myanmar).

The Yazagyo Airfield, where the US 965th and 966th Airborne Air Control Squadrons were stationed during World War II, is located 3 kilometres (2 mi) north of the town.

## InfoBox

| Yazagyo Yazagya, Yazago, Yarzagyo | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| YazagyoLocation in Burma | |
| Coordinates: 23°30′09″N 94°05′11″E / 23.50250°N 94.08639°E / 23.50250; 94.08639 | |
| Country | Burma |
| Region | Sagaing Region |
| District | Kale District |
| Township | Kale Township |
| Time zone | UTC+6.30 (MST) |


title: Mastobunus

abstract: Mastobunus is a genus of harvestmen in the family Sclerosomatidae from Southern Europe and North Africa.

text:
# Mastobunus

***Mastobunus*** is a genus of harvestmen in the family Sclerosomatidae from Southern Europe and North Africa.

## Species

## InfoBox

| ***Mastobunus*** | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Opiliones |
| Suborder: | Eupnoi |
| Superfamily: | Phalangioidea |
| Family: | Sclerosomatidae |
| Genus: | ***Mastobunus***<br>Simon, 1879 |
|