title: List of songs recorded by Aaliyah

text:
# List of songs recorded by Aaliyah

This is an alphabetical list of officially released songs by the late R&B singer Aaliyah (1979–2001).

## Songs

| Contents |
| --- |
| 0–9 **·**  **·**  **·**  **·**  **·**  **·**  **·**  **·**  **·**  **·**  **·**  **·**  **·**  **·**  **·**  **·**  **·**  **·**  **·**  **·**  **·**  **·** |

Key
|  | Indicates single release |
| --- | --- |
|  | Indicates song released posthumously |
| # | Indicates single released posthumously |

| Song | Artist(s) | Writer(s) | Album | Year | Ref(s). |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| "4 Page Letter" | Aaliyah | Melissa Elliott
Timothy Mosley | *One in a Million* | 1996 |  |
| "Age Ain't Nothing but a Number" | Aaliyah | Robert Kelly | *Age Ain't Nothing but a Number* | 1994 |  |
| "Ain't Never" | Outsiderz 4 Life
featuring Aaliyah | Alan Healy
Dave Smith
Jason Dowty
Jimmy Marble
Todd White | Unreleased album | 2000 |  |
| "All I Need" | Aaliyah | Johntá Austin | *I Care 4 U* | 2002 |  |
| "Are You Feelin' Me?" | Aaliyah | Melissa Elliott
Timothy Mosley | *Romeo Must Die: The Album* | 2000 |  |
| "Are You Ready" | Aaliyah | Renne Neuville | *Sunset Park: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack* | 1996 |  |
| "Are You That Somebody?" | Aaliyah | Static Major
Timothy Mosley | *Dr. Dolittle soundtrack* | 1998 |  |
| "At Your Best (You Are Love)" | Aaliyah | Chris Jasper
Ernie Isley
Marvin Isley
O'Kelly Isley Jr.
Ronald Isley
Rudolph Isley | *Age Ain't Nothing but a Number* | 1994 |  |
| "Back & Forth" | Aaliyah | Robert Kelly | *Age Ain't Nothing but a Number* | 1994 |  |
| "Beats 4 da Streets (Intro)" | Aaliyah
featuring Missy Elliott | Melissa Elliott
Timothy Mosley | *One in a Million* | 1996 |  |
| "Best Friends" | Missy Elliott
featuring Aaliyah | Melissa Elliott
Timothy Mosley | *Supa Dupa Fly* | 1997 |  |
| "Came to Give Love (Outro)" | Aaliyah
featuring Timbaland | Timothy Mosley | *One in a Million* | 1996 |  |
| "Charge It to the Game" (No Love) | Chris Brown
featuring Aaliyah and Static Major | Stephen Garrett | Unreleased album |  |  |
| "Choosey Lover (Old School/New School)" | Aaliyah | Chris Jasper
Ernie Isley
Marvin Isley
O'Kelly Isley Jr.
Ronald Isley
Rudolph Isley | *One in a Million* | 1996 |  |
| "Come Back in One Piece" | Aaliyah
featuring DMX | Stephen Garrett
Earl Simmons
Irving Lorenzo
Rob Meys
George Clinton
Bernie Worrell
William Collins | *Romeo Must Die: The Album* | 2000 |  |
| "Come Over" # | Aaliyah
featuring Tank | Johntá Austin | *I Care 4 U* | 2002 |  |
| "Danc'n" | E.T. Selfish
featuring Aaliyah and Digital Black | Benjamin Black | Unreleased album |  |  |
| "Death of a Playa" | Aaliyah | Aaliyah Haughton
Rashad Haughton
Timothy Mosley | N/A | 1997 |  |
| "Don't Know What to Tell Ya" # | Aaliyah | Stephen Garrett
Timothy Mosley | *I Care 4 U* | 2002 |  |
| "Don't Think They Know" | Digital Black
featuring Aaliyah | Benjamin Bush
Verse Simmonds
Tim Kelley
Bob Robinson
Jonathan David Buck | *Memoirs of a R&B Thug* | 2005 |  |
| "Don't Think They Know" # | Chris Brown
featuring Aaliyah | Benjamin Bush
Verse Simmonds
Tim Kelley
Bob Robinson
Jonathan David Buck |  | 2014 |  |
| "Don't Worry" | Aaliyah | Johntá Austin | *I Care 4 U* | 2002 |  |
| "Down with the Clique" | Aaliyah | Robert Kelly | *Age Ain't Nothing but a Number* | 1994 |  |
| "Enough Said" # | Aaliyah
featuring Drake | Aaliyah Haughton
Aubrey Graham | Non-album single | 2012 |  |
| "Erica Kane" | Aaliyah | Stephen Garrett | *I Care 4 U* | 2002 |  |
| "Everything's Gonna Be Alright" | Aaliyah | Japhe Tejeda
Rodney Jerkins | *One in a Million* | 1996 |  |
| "Extra Smooth" | Aaliyah | Stephen Garrett
Eric Seats
Rapture Stewart | *Aaliyah* | 2001 |  |
| "Final Warning" | Ginuwine
featuring Aaliyah | Stephen Garrett
Timothy Mosley | *100% Ginuwine* | 1999 |  |
| "Freedom" | Aaliyah
with various artists | Joi Gilliam
Dallas Austin
Diamond D | *Panther: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack* | 1995 |  |
| "A Girl Like You" | Aaliyah
featuring Treach | Keir Gist
Darren Lighty | *One in a Million* | 1996 |  |
| "Girlfriends" | Yaushameen Michael
featuring Aaliyah | Stephen Garrett | Unreleased album | 2006 |  |
| "Giving Up" | Aaliyah | Van McCoy | Unreleased album | 2005 |  |
| "Giving You More" | Aaliyah | Darren Jenkins | *One in a Million* | 1996 |  |
| "Got to Give It Up" | Aaliyah
featuring Slick Rick | Marvin Gaye | *One in a Million* | 1996 |  |
| "Heartbroken" | Aaliyah | Melissa Elliott
Timothy Mosley | *One in a Million* | 1996 |  |
| "Hot Like Fire" | Aaliyah | Melissa Elliott
Timothy Mosley | *One in a Million* | 1996 |  |
| "I Am Music" | Timbaland & Magoo
featuring Aaliyah and Static Major | Timothy Mosley
Stephen Garrett | *Indecent Proposal* | 2001 |  |
| "I Can Be" | Aaliyah | Durrell Babbs
Stephen Anderson | *Aaliyah* | 2001 |  |
| "I Care 4 U" # | Aaliyah | Melissa Elliott
Timothy Mosley | *Aaliyah* | 2001 |  |
| "I Don't Wanna" | Aaliyah | Johntá Austin
Phalon Anton Alexander
Donnie Scantz
Kevin Hicks | *Next Friday: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack* | 1999 |  |
| "I Gotcha' Back" | Aaliyah | Carl So-Lowe
Jermaine Dupri | *One in a Million* | 1996 |  |
| "I Need You Tonight" | Junior M.A.F.I.A.
featuring Aaliyah | Clark Kent | *Conspiracy* | 1995 |  |
| "I Refuse" | Aaliyah | Stephen Garrett
Jeffrey Walker | *Aaliyah* | 2001 |  |
| "I'm Down" | Aaliyah | Robert Kelly | *Age Ain't Nothing but a Number* | 1994 |  |
| "I'm So into You" | Aaliyah | Robert Kelly | *Age Ain't Nothing but a Number* | 1994 |  |
| "If Your Girl Only Knew" | Aaliyah | Melissa Elliott
Timothy Mosley | *One in a Million* | 1996 |  |
| "Intro" | Aaliyah | Robert Kelly | *Age Ain't Nothing but a Number* | 1994 |  |
| "It's Whatever" | Aaliyah | Stephen Garrett
Eric Seats
Rapture Stewart | *Aaliyah* | 2001 |  |
| "John Blaze" | Timbaland
featuring Aaliyah and Missy Elliott | Timothy Mosley
Melissa Elliott | *Tim's Bio: Life from da Bassment* | 1998 |  |
| "Journey to the Past" | Aaliyah | Lynn Ahrens
Stephen Flaherty | *Anastasia: Music from the Motion Picture* | 1997 |  |
| "Ladies in da House" | Aaliyah
featuring Missy Elliott and Timbaland | Melissa Elliott
Timothy Mosley | *One in a Million* | 1996 |  |
| "Live and Die for Hip Hop" | Kris Kross
featuring Da Brat, Jermaine Dupri, Mr. Black, and Aaliyah | Jermaine Dupri
Mr. Black
Jeffrey E. Cohen
Narada Michael Walden
Shawntae Harris | *Young, Rich & Dangerous* | 1996 |  |
| "Loose Rap" | Aaliyah
featuring Static Major | Stephen Garrett
Eric Seats
Rapture Stewart | *Aaliyah* | 2001 |  |
| "Man Undercover" | Timbaland & Magoo
featuring Aaliyah and Missy Elliott | Melvin Barcliff
Melissa Elliott
Timothy Mosley | *Welcome to Our World* | 1997 |  |
| "Messed Up" | Aaliyah | Benjamin Bush
Eric Seats
Rapture Stewart | *Aaliyah* | 2001 |  |
| "Miss You" # | Aaliyah | Johntá Austin
Teddy Bishop
Elgin Lumpkin | *I Care 4 U* | 2002 |  |
| "More Than a Woman" | Aaliyah | Timothy Mosley
Stephen Garrett | *Aaliyah* | 2001 |  |
| "Never Comin' Back" | Aaliyah | Melissa Elliott
Timothy Mosley | *One in a Million* | 1996 |  |
| "Never Givin' Up" | Aaliyah
featuring Tavarius Polk | King
Monica Bell | *One in a Million* | 1996 |  |
| "Never No More" | Aaliyah | Stephen Garrett
Stephen Anderson | *Aaliyah* | 2001 |  |
| "Night Riders (Remix)" | Boot Camp Clik
featuring Aaliyah |  | *For the People* | 1997 |  |
| "No Days Go By" | Aaliyah | Aaliyah Haughton
King
Rheji Burrell | *One in a Million* (Japan Bonus Track) | 1996 |  |
| "No One Knows How to Love Me Quite Like You Do" | Aaliyah | Robert Kelly | *Age Ain't Nothing but a Number* | 1994 |  |
| "Old School" | Aaliyah | Robert Kelly | *Age Ain't Nothing but a Number* | 1994 |  |
| "The One I Gave My Heart To" | Aaliyah | Diane Warren | *One in a Million* | 1996 |  |
| "One in a Million" | Aaliyah | Melissa Elliott
Timothy Mosley | *One in a Million* | 1996 |  |
| "One Man Woman" | Playa
featuring Aaliyah | Jawann Peacock
Stephen Garrett | *Cheers 2 U* | 1998 |  |
| "Poison" # | Aaliyah
featuring the Weeknd | Abel Tesfaye
Ahmad Balshe
Stephen Garrett | Non-album single | 2021 |  |
| "Quit Hatin'" | Aaliyah | Stephen Garrett | Unreleased album | 2013 |  |
| "Read Between the Lines" | Aaliyah | Stephen Garrett
Stephen Anderson | *Aaliyah* | 2001 |  |
| "Rock the Boat" | Aaliyah | Stephen Garrett
Eric Seats
Rapture Stewart | *Aaliyah* | 2001 |  |
| "Shakin'" | Timbaland
featuring Aaliyah and Strado | Stephen Garrett | *King Stays King* | 2015 |  |
| "Steady Ground" | Aaliyah
featuring Static Major | Stephen Garrett | Unreleased album | 2012 |  |
| "Stickin' Chickens" | Missy Elliott
featuring Aaliyah and Da Brat | Melissa Elliott
Timothy Mosley
Shawntae Harris | *Da Real World* | 1999 |  |
| "Street Thing" | Aaliyah | Robert Kelly | *Age Ain't Nothing but a Number* | 1994 |  |
| "Summer Bunnies (Contest Extended Remix)" | R. Kelly
featuring Aaliyah | Robert Kelly | N/A | 1994 |  |
| "Talk Is Cheap" | Drake
featuring Aaliyah and Static Major | Stephen Garrett
Aubrey Graham | Unreleased album |  |  |
| "The Thing I Like" | Aaliyah | Robert Kelly | *Age Ain't Nothing but a Number* | 1994 |  |
| "Those Were the Days" | Aaliyah | Stephen Garrett
Eric Seats
Rapture Stewart | *Aaliyah* | 2001 |  |
| "Throw Your Hands Up" | Aaliyah | Robert Kelly | *Age Ain't Nothing but a Number* | 1994 |  |
| "Try Again" | Aaliyah | Stephen Garrett
Timothy Mosley | *Romeo Must Die: The Album* | 2000 |  |
| "Turn the Page" | Aaliyah | Shelly Peiken
Guy Roche | *Music of the Heart: The Album* | 1999 |  |
| "U Got Nerve" | Aaliyah | Benjamin Bush
Eric Seats
Rapture Stewart | *Aaliyah* | 2001 |  |
| "Up Jumps da Boogie" | Timbaland & Magoo
featuring Missy Elliott and Aaliyah | Melissa Elliott
Rod Temperton
Timothy Mosley | *Welcome to Our World* | 1997 |  |
| "We Need a Resolution" | Aaliyah
featuring Timbaland | Timothy Mosley
Stephen Garrett | *Aaliyah* | 2001 |  |
| "What If" | Aaliyah | Durrell Babbs
Stephen Anderson | *Aaliyah* | 2001 |  |
| "Where Could He Be" | Aaliyah
featuring Missy Elliott and Tweet | Melissa Elliott | Unreleased album | 2005 |  |
| "You Won't See Me Tonight" | Nas
featuring Aaliyah | Nasir Jones
Timothy Mosley | *I Am...* | 1999 |  |
| "Young Nation" | Aaliyah | Robert Kelly | *Age Ain't Nothing but a Number* | 1994 |  |
| "Your Body's Callin' (His and Hers Remix)" | R. Kelly
featuring Aaliyah | Robert Kelly | N/A | 1994 |  |

### Notes

1. *One in a Million* (CD liner notes). Aaliyah. Atlantic Records, Blackground Records. 2006. 92715-2.`{{cite AV media notes}}`: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
2. *Age Ain't Nothing but a Number* (CD liner notes). Aaliyah. Blackground Records, BMG Records, Jive Records. 1994. J2 1533.`{{cite AV media notes}}`: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
3. "One in a Million – Aaliyah Discography". *Vibe*. SpinMedia. November 2001. p. 84. Retrieved August 22, 2018.
4. *I Care 4 U* (CD liner notes). Aaliyah. Blackground Records, Universal Music Group. 2002. 440 060 097-2.`{{cite AV media notes}}`: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
5. *Romeo Must Die: The Album* (CD liner notes). Blackground Records. 2000. 7243 8 49052 2 4.
6. Scott, Damien; Frederick, Brendan; Ortiz, Edwin; Nostro, Lauren; Scarano, Ross; Marcec, Shannon; Khal (May 19, 2016). "The 25 Best Aaliyah Songs". *Complex*. Retrieved May 23, 2018.
7. "Nine Things We'll Never Forget About Aaliyah". *Billboard*. August 25, 2010. Retrieved August 23, 2018.
8. Buford, Landon (September 7, 2016). "Chris Brown Will Uplift Your Day with "Charge It to the Game" Feat. Aaliyah & Static Major". *Respect.* Archived from the original on September 13, 2016. Retrieved August 26, 2018.
9. "Exclusive: The Producers of "Aaliyah" Take Us Behind the Scenes into Making of This Classic". IKnowYouGotSoul.com. July 17, 2011. Retrieved August 26, 2018.
10. Augustin, Camille (January 13, 2013). "Hot Like Fire: VIBE's Favorite Aaliyah Rarities & B-Sides – Death of a Playa". *Vibe*. Retrieved April 1, 2019.
11. Nostro, Lauren (June 17, 2013). "Video: Chris Brown f/ Aaliyah "Don't Think They Know"". *Complex*. Retrieved August 16, 2018.
12. Martin, Andrew; Fitzgerald, Kiana (July 3, 2018). "A History of Drake's Obsession with Aaliyah". *Complex*. Retrieved August 16, 2018.
13. *Aaliyah* (CD liner notes). Aaliyah. Blackground Records, Virgin Records. 2001. CDVUS199.`{{cite AV media notes}}`: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
14. Ugwu, Reggie (March 14, 2014). "Ginuwine Reflects on 15th Anniversary of Classic Album '100% Ginuwine'". *Billboard*. Retrieved August 24, 2018.
15. *Panther: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack* (CD liner notes). Mercury Records. 1995. 314 525 479-2.
16. Augustin, Camille (January 13, 2013). "Hot Like Fire: VIBE's Favorite Aaliyah Rarities & B-Sides – Girlfriends". *Vibe*. Retrieved April 1, 2019.
17. Augustin, Camille (January 13, 2013). "Hot Like Fire: VIBE's Favorite Aaliyah Rarities & B-Sides – Giving Up". *Vibe*. Retrieved April 1, 2019.
18. Cinquemani, Sal (November 14, 2001). "Timbaland & Magoo – Indecent Proposal – Album Review". *Slant Magazine*. Retrieved April 1, 2019.
19. "Junior M.A.F.I.A. f/ Aaliyah "I Need You Tonight" (1995)". *Complex*. Retrieved August 24, 2018.
20. Marthe, Emalie (February 23, 2017). "Journey to the Past: The Making of the Forgotten Aaliyah Song from 'Anastasia'". Broadly. Retrieved August 24, 2018.
21. Augustin, Camille (January 13, 2013). "Hot Like Fire: VIBE's Favorite Aaliyah Rarities & B-Sides – Man Undercover". *Vibe*. Retrieved April 1, 2019.
22. "Boot Camp Clik – 'Nightriders' ft. Aaliyah (Original Mix & 9th Wonder Remix)". Duck Down Music. August 26, 2014. Retrieved August 24, 2018.
23. Augustin, Camille (January 13, 2013). "Hot Like Fire: VIBE's Favorite Aaliyah Rarities & B-Sides – No Days Go By". *Vibe*. Retrieved August 21, 2018.
24. Blistein, Jon (December 17, 2021). "Aaliyah's First Posthumous Song in Nearly a Decade, 'Poison' Featuring The Weeknd,' Has Arrived". *Rolling Stone*. Retrieved May 26, 2022.
25. Brodsky, Rachel (January 18, 2013). "New Song: Aaliyah, 'Quit Hatin'". *MTV News*. Archived from the original on August 25, 2023. Retrieved August 25, 2023.
26. Villa, Lucas (December 31, 2015). "Listen: Aaliyah resurfaces on Timbaland's 'Shakin' featuring Strado". AXS. Retrieved August 25, 2018.
27. "Producers Confirm Aaliyah Album". *Ebony*. March 6, 2012. Retrieved April 1, 2019.
28. *Da Real World* (CD liner notes). Missy Elliott. East West Records. 1999. 62232‐2.`{{cite AV media notes}}`: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
29. *Summer Bunnies* (track listing). R. Kelly. Jive Records. 1994.`{{cite AV media notes}}`: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
30. Martin, Andrew; Fitzgerald, Kiana (July 3, 2018). "A History of Drake's Obsession with Aaliyah". *Complex*. Retrieved August 26, 2018.
31. Dickenson, Kay. "Sight & Sound: Music of the Heart (1999)". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on August 3, 2012. Retrieved August 25, 2018.
32. *Welcome to Our World* (CD liner notes). Timbaland & Magoo. Atlantic Records, Blackground Records. 1997. CDVUS212.`{{cite AV media notes}}`: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
33. Augustin, Camille (January 13, 2013). "Hot Like Fire: VIBE's Favorite Aaliyah Rarities & B-Sides – Where Could He Be". *Vibe*. Retrieved April 1, 2019.
34. *I Am...* (CD liner notes). Nas. Columbia Records. 1999. CK 68773.`{{cite AV media notes}}`: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
35. "Rare Gem: R. Kelly – Your Body's Callin (Unreleased Remix)". YouKnowIGotSoul.com. January 31, 2017. Retrieved August 26, 2018.


title: X-chair

abstract: An X-chair is a chair with an X-shaped frame. It was known to have been used in Ancient Egypt, Rome, and Greece. The Christian faldstool is a type of X-chair.

text:
# X-chair

An **X-chair** (also **scissors chair**, **Dante chair** or **Savonarola chair**) is a chair with an X-shaped frame. It was known to have been used in Ancient Egypt, Rome, and Greece. The Christian faldstool is a type of X-chair.

## History

X-chairs have been found in ancient Egyptian tombs, often featuring carvings in the shape of animals or animal-skin draperies. Roman X-chairs are believed to have been used by magistrates and nobles.

A type of folding chair with a frame like an *X* viewed from the front or the side originated in medieval Italy. Also known as a Savonarola or *Dante chair* in Italy, or a *Luther chair* in Germany, the X-chair was a light and practical form that spread through Renaissance Europe. In England, the Glastonbury chair made an X-shape by crossing the front and back legs, while in Spain X-chairs were inlaid with ivory and metals in the Moorish designs.

The use of the name Savonarola chair comes from a nineteenth-century trade term evoking Girolamo Savonarola, which is a folding armchair of the type standardized during the Italian Renaissance.

The chair in the illustration consists of a wooden flat-arched back rail carved with a coat-of-arms in low relief and connected to the back of the straight arms of the chair and a seat made of narrowly fitted wooden slats. The wood used in the construction of the chair is the typical walnut, as in other gothic and renaissance furniture.

## Design

The woodwork was nearly always completely covered with silk or velvet, and the seat was made up of loose cushions resting on the webbing between the side rails of the frames. The form was revived in the Neo-classical period (began c. 1760). It features in Thomas Sheraton's 1803 *Cabinet Directory*. It continued through the 19th century as a folding portable chair for use during campaigns or other outdoor pursuits.

## Dantesca

**Dantesca** is a type of chair used during the Italian Renaissance. The arms end in scrolls and continue all the way up to the back support. It is made to look like it can fold, but in reality, it cannot. It always has a leather seat and back support. It also has a boss where the legs intersect.


title: Lelo Prado

abstract: Lelo Prado is the former head baseball coach at the University of South Florida. Hired in 2006, he guided the Bulls to a 36–24 record in his inaugural season. In 24 years as a collegiate coach, he has posted a 763–580–2 record. He led the Bulls to a 9–0 start in 2006, and South Florida was ranked 30th in the nation for that week. Prado left the position following the 2014 season. He is now a deputy athletic director at South Florida. Prior to coaching at USF, he served as the head coach 11 seasons at the University of Louisville. Prado also coached for seven seasons at the University of Tampa, where he won two Division II national championships, in 1992 and 1993. In 2002, he took Louisville to its first ever NCAA tournament appearance, and earned Conference USA coach of the year honors. He had seven 30-win seasons at Louisville, also a school record.

text:
# Lelo Prado

**Lelo Prado** (born November 5, 1962) is the former head baseball coach at the University of South Florida. Hired in 2006, he guided the Bulls to a 36–24 record in his inaugural season. In 24 years as a collegiate coach, he has posted a 763–580–2 record. He led the Bulls to a 9–0 start in 2006, and South Florida was ranked 30th in the nation for that week. Prado left the position following the 2014 season. He is now a deputy athletic director at South Florida.

Prior to coaching at USF, he served as the head coach 11 seasons at the University of Louisville. Prado also coached for seven seasons at the University of Tampa, where he won two Division II national championships, in 1992 and 1993. In 2002, he took Louisville to its first ever NCAA tournament appearance, and earned Conference USA coach of the year honors. He had seven 30-win seasons at Louisville, also a school record.

## Head coaching record

Statistics overview
| Season | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing | Postseason |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Tampa Spartans**  *(Sunshine State Conference (Division II))* (1989–1995) | | | | | | | | |
| 1989 | Tampa | 37–18–1 | 18–6 | T–1st | NCAA Regional |
| 1990 | Tampa | 45–14 | 15–9 | 3rd | College World Series |
| 1991 | Tampa | 34–17 | 17–7 | 2nd | NCAA Regional |
| 1992 | Tampa | 42–19 | 18–6 | 2nd | College World Series |
| 1993 | Tampa | 43–21 | 21–3 | 1st | College World Series |
| 1994 | Tampa | 36–18 | 14–7 | 3rd | NCAA Regional |
| 1995 | Tampa | 41–17 | 14–7 | 3rd | NCAA Regional |
| **Tampa:** | | 278–124–1 | 117–45 |  | | | | |
| **Louisville Cardinals**  *(Conference USA)* (1996–2005) | | | | | | | | |
| 1996 | Louisville | 18–36 | 6–15 | 8th |  |
| 1997 | Louisville | 23–32 | 11–15 | 7th |  |
| 1998 | Louisville | 31–24 | 14–13 | 5th |  |
| 1999 | Louisville | 37–19 | 14–13 | 6th |  |
| 2000 | Louisville | 17–37–1 | 10–16–1 | 8th |  |
| 2001 | Louisville | 32–29 | 13–14 | T–5th |  |
| 2002 | Louisville | 39–18 | 21–9 | 2nd | NCAA Regional |
| 2003 | Louisville | 34–23 | 14–15 | 7th |  |
| 2004 | Louisville | 26–30 | 13–17 | 8th |  |
| 2005 | Louisville | 32–24 | 15–14 | T–6th |  |
| **Louisville Cardinals**  *(Big East Conference)* (2006–2006) | | | | | | | | |
| 2006 | Louisville | 31–29 | 17–10 | 3rd |  |
| **Louisville:** | | 320–301–1 | 148–151–1 |  | | | | |
| **South Florida Bulls**  *(Big East Conference)* (2007–2013) | | | | | | | | |
| 2007 | South Florida | 34–26 | 13–14 | 5th |  |
| 2008 | South Florida | 31–27 | 14–13 | 6th |  |
| 2009 | South Florida | 34–25 | 18–9 | 2nd |  |
| 2010 | South Florida | 26–32 | 16–11 | T–4th |  |
| 2011 | South Florida | 25–29 | 13–14 | 9th |  |
| 2012 | South Florida | 38–22 | 17–10 | T–3rd |  |
| 2013 | South Florida | 36–22 | 17–7 | 4th |  |
| **South Florida Bulls**  *(American Athletic Conference)* (2014) | | | | | | | | |
| 2014 | South Florida | 27–31 | 10–14 | 5th |  |
| **South Florida:** | | 251–214 | 118–92 |  | | | | |
| **Total:** | | 849–639–2 |  | | | | | | |
| National champion         Postseason invitational champion
Conference regular season champion          Conference regular season and conference tournament champion
Division regular season champion       Division regular season and conference tournament champion
Conference tournament champion | | | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

Lelo Prado
| Biographical details | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | November 5, 1962
Havana, Cuba |
| Alma mater | Hillsborough Community College
University of Tampa |
| Playing career | |
| 1982–1983 | Hillsborough CC |
| 1984–1985 | Tampa |
|  | |
| Position(s) | Catcher |
| Coaching career (HC unless noted) | |
| 1985 | Hillsborough CC (asst.) |
| 1986–1988 | Tampa (asst.) |
| 1989–1995 | Tampa |
| 1996–2006 | Louisville |
| 2007–2014 | South Florida |
|  | |
| Head coaching record | |
| Overall | 849–639–2 |
| Tournaments | **DI:** 0–2 |
| Accomplishments and honors | |
| Championships | |
| 2 Sunshine State Conference Titles (1989, 1993)
7 Division II NCAA tournament Appearances (1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995)
3 Division II College World Series appearances (1990, 1992, 1993)
2 Division II National Championships (1992, 1993)
1 NCAA tournament Appearance (2002) | |
| Awards | |
| C-USA Coach of the Year (2002)
Big East Coach of the Year (2009) | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Torry Pedersen

abstract: Torry Pedersen is a Norwegian newspaper editor and media executive. Educated in economics from the BI Norwegian Business School, he started his journalist career in Fredriksstad Blad. He later worked in Dagbladet before being hired in Verdens Gang (VG). He was the chief executive of their website, VG Nett, from 2000 to 2008. From 2008 he was the chief executive of VG, and from March 2011 he is also editor-in-chief of VG. In 2017 he became director of publishing at the Schibsted media group, where he has later been a special advisor. He resides in Vollen.

text:
# Torry Pedersen

**Torry Pedersen** (born 28 September 1957) is a Norwegian newspaper editor and media executive.

Educated in economics from the BI Norwegian Business School, he started his journalist career in *Fredriksstad Blad*. He later worked in *Dagbladet* before being hired in *Verdens Gang* (VG). He was the chief executive of their website, VG Nett, from 2000 to 2008. From 2008 he was the chief executive of *VG*, and from March 2011 he is also editor-in-chief of *VG*. In 2017 he became director of publishing at the Schibsted media group, where he has later been a special advisor.

He resides in Vollen.

1. "Torry Pedersen". *Store norske leksikon* (in Norwegian). Retrieved 31 March 2014.
2. "Torry Pedersen slutter i VG - blir sjef for alle Schibsted-medier". *Kampanje*. Retrieved 11 May 2022.
3. Bjørkeng, Per Kristian (21 January 2011). "Aviskrisens nye konge". *Aftenposten* (in Norwegian).


title: Paratinga

abstract: Paratinga is a municipality in the state of Bahia in the North-East region of Brazil. Paratinga covers 2,624 km⁲ (1,013 sq mi), and has a population of 32,141 with a population density of 12 inhabitants per square kilometer.

text:
# Paratinga

**Paratinga** is a municipality in the state of Bahia in the North-East region of Brazil. Paratinga covers 2,624 km2 (1,013 sq mi), and has a population of 32,141 with a population density of 12 inhabitants per square kilometer.

## InfoBox

| Paratinga *Município de Paratinga* | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Travessa Durval Pereira Brito | |
| Location of Paratinga in Bahia | |
| ParatingaLocation of Paratinga in Brazil | |
| Coordinates: 12°41′27″S 43°11′02″W / 12.69083°S 43.18389°W / -12.69083; -43.18389 | |
| Country | Brazil |
| Region | Northeast |
| State | Bahia |
| Founded | June 25, 1745 |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Eliezer Pereira Dourado Filho (PP, 2013-2016) |
| Area | |
| Total | 2,624 km2 (1,013 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 420 m (1,380 ft) |
| Population (2020 ) | |
| Total | 32,141 |
| Density | 12/km2 (32/sq mi) |
| Demonym | Paratinguense |
| Time zone | UTC−3 (BRT) |
| Website | paratinga.ba.gov.br |


title: Old Bristol High School

abstract: The Old Bristol High School, most recently the Memorial Boulevard Middle School, is a historic school building at 70 Memorial Boulevard in Bristol, Connecticut. A state of the art facility when completed in 1923, the school served the city as a high school until 1967, and is a good example of Classical Revival architecture designed by noted school architect George W. Potter. The building served as a middle school until 2012, closed down, and reopened in 2022 as Bristol Arts and Innovation Magnet School after considerable interior renovations. The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2018.

text:
# Old Bristol High School

The **Old Bristol High School**, most recently the **Memorial Boulevard Middle School**, is a historic school building at 70 Memorial Boulevard in Bristol, Connecticut. A state of the art facility when completed in 1923, the school served the city as a high school until 1967, and is a good example of Classical Revival architecture designed by noted school architect George W. Potter. The building served as a middle school until 2012, closed down, and reopened in 2022 as Bristol Arts and Innovation Magnet School after considerable interior renovations. The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2018.

## Description and history

Bristol's old high school building is located just south of its downtown, on 7.4 acres (3.0 ha) bounded by Memorial Boulevard on the north, and Mellen, South, and Willis Streets on the other three sides. It is a large three-story structure, built with load-bearing brick walls trimmed in cast stone. It has an H-shaped plan, with a north-south central section joining wings oriented east-west. The main entrance is in the eastern face of the center section, with secondary entrances at the faces of the wings. The roof is ringed by a low parapet, with has stepped elements above each of the entrances.

The city of Bristol first began offering high school level education in 1883. Classes were at first held in several district schoolhouses, and its first high school (now home to the local historical society) was built in 1891. Increasing population over the next two decades made the need for a new high school apparent, and this building was erected in 1921-23. The school was designed by New York City architect George Potter, who had already designed schools for the city and other locations in Connecticut, and was built on land donated by local industrialist and philanthropist Albert F. Rockwell.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Bristol High School | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | 70 Memorial Blvd., Bristol, Connecticut |
| Coordinates | 41°40′11″N 72°56′19″W / 41.66972°N 72.93861°W / 41.66972; -72.93861 |
| Area | 7.4 acres (3.0 ha) |
| Built | 1923 (1923) |
| Architect | Potter, George |
| Architectural style | Classical Revival |
| NRHP reference No. | 100002506 |
| Added to NRHP | May 8, 2017 |


title: Oxford Rewley Road railway station

abstract: Oxford Rewley Road railway station was a railway station serving the city of Oxford, England, located immediately to the north of what is now Frideswide Square on the site of the Saïd Business School, to the west of Rewley Road. It had features of significance in construction history, and was the terminus of the Buckinghamshire Railway, which was worked, and later absorbed, by the London and North Western Railway (L&NWR). In 1923, it became part of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) "Varsity Line" service from Cambridge via Bletchley.

text:
# Oxford Rewley Road railway station

**Oxford Rewley Road railway station** was a railway station serving the city of Oxford, England, located immediately to the north of what is now Frideswide Square on the site of the Saïd Business School, to the west of Rewley Road. It had features of significance in construction history, and was the terminus of the Buckinghamshire Railway, which was worked, and later absorbed, by the London and North Western Railway (L&NWR). In 1923, it became part of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) "Varsity Line" service from Cambridge via Bletchley.

## History

The line from Bletchley to Oxford was opened by the Buckinghamshire Railway (worked and later owned by the L&NWR) in 1851. The Oxford station was built on the site of Rewley Abbey, a 13th-century Cistercian monastery.

The contractors for the main building were Fox, Henderson who were completing The Crystal Palace at the same time, and they used similar  but not identical  prefabricated cast iron main structural components. The historic importance of this feature caused it to be made a Grade II\* listed building. There were two platform faces partly under a glass-roofed train shed; the latter was replaced to a different design in 1888.

The other main feature of the site was Rewley Road Swing Bridge, a swing bridge just to the north, taking the line across the navigable Sheepwash Channel which links the River Thames and the Castle Mill Stream next to the Oxford Canal. The bridge remains in situ but not in use today. There were also extensive sidings for coal and other freight traffic, and a motive power depot.

The Great Western Railway had opened its station in 1852 on an adjacent site, the location of the current Oxford railway station, and the two stations came under joint management in 1933. Rewley Road was closed to passengers by the London Midland Region of British Railways on 1 October 1951 and services transferred to the ex-GWR station. The goods yard remained available for use until 5 April 1984 and was cleared in 1998. After the station closed to passengers the main building was put to commercial use.

The station was described by various names. The station nameboards and official timetables simply stated "Oxford"; however, the name "Oxford Rooley Road" is shown in Bradshaw timetables of June 1869 and September 1885, whilst those of July 1906, June 1920 and January 1944 show "Oxford Rewley Road".

Plans to construct new premises for the Saïd Business School of the University of Oxford led to dismantling of the station building in 1999 with the financial support of the University. Official consent to this without a public inquiry, together with associated road works and the cutting down of trees on the perimeter of the site, made the decision controversial and led to the building being occupied for six months culminating in a long and expensive eviction. The building's occupiers were supported by many local politicians and put forward alternative proposals for the junction design and alternative uses for the building, including an art gallery and tourist centre. Part of the controversy surrounding the building of the new business school involved the project's funding coming from Wafic Saïd. The Business School opened in 2001 and the site of the station was subsequently marked by a commemorative plaque. Parts of the goods yard were developed for housing.

The station building components were moved to the Buckinghamshire Railway Centre at Quainton Road railway station where they were refurbished and re-erected, with support from the Heritage Lottery Fund, as a visitor centre and display building, formally opened in 2002, so that Rewley Road station once again houses railway trains.

## Routes

| Preceding station |  | Disused railways |  | Following station |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *Terminus* |  | London and North Western Railway
Varsity Line |  | Port Meadow Halt
Line and station closed |

## Bibliography

## InfoBox

| Oxford Rewley Road | |
| --- | --- |
| Relocated Rewley Road station building | |
| General information | |
| Location | Oxford, City of Oxford
England |
| Coordinates | 51°45′11″N 1°16′11″W / 51.75312°N 1.26983°W / 51.75312; -1.26983 |
| Grid reference | SP505063 |
| Platforms | 2 |
| Other information | |
| Status | Disused |
| History | |
| Original company | Buckinghamshire Railway |
| Pre-grouping | London and North Western Railway |
| Post-grouping | London, Midland and Scottish Railway |
| Key dates | |
| 20 May 1851 | Opened |
| 1 October 1951 | Closed |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Valentino Rovisi

abstract: Valentino Rovisi was an Italian painter in a late Baroque style.

text:
# Valentino Rovisi

**Valentino Rovisi** (December 1715 in Moena – 12 March 1783 in Moena) was an Italian painter in a late Baroque style.

## Biography

Born to a comfortable merchant of wood in the Trentine vallies, he trained with a variety of local masters including Martino Gabrielli, but by the age of 12 years, he was sent to apprentice in Venice. In Venice, he stayed for five years. It is suspected that Valentino had contacts with the studio of Tiepolo.

By 1734, he was home in Moena, but returned to Venice from 1743 to circa 1752. The second stay in Venice finds him frequently in the studio of Tiepolo. He married in Venice and three of his four children were born there. His fourth child was baptized on 18 April 1755 in Moena. By 1758 he was residing there.

In 1759 he painted frescoes in Cembra, the first for the church of San Rocco no longer exist, but the curiously unthreatening *Last Judgement* frescoes in the church of San Pietro remain. He painted a series of frescoes (1767) for the parish church of Santa Lucia in Grumes. In Cencenighe, he also painted some frescoes for the church. In 1773, he painted the nave ceiling, depicting the *Ascension of Christ*; and for the apse, the *Fall of Simon Magus* and *Conversion of St Paul on the road to Damascus*. For the sacristy of the church of Santi Pietro e Paolo in Roncegno, he painted an *Adoration by the Shepherds* and *Samaritan at the Well*.

He painted the main altarpiece of the church of San Vigilio with *Saints Vigilio, Massenza, and John Nepomuk*. He painted canvases depicting the *Martyrdom of Giovanni Bishop of Bergamo* (1745) and the *Miracle of St Patrick of Ireland* (1746) respectively for the Duomo of Bergamo and the church of San Giovanni di Verdara in Padua.

He painted a *Resurrection of Lazarus* in Moeni. He painted a series of frescoes in the nave of the church of Santa Maria Assunta in Cavedine, depicting the *Miracle of the Loaves and Fishes*, the *Four Evangelists*, the *Coronation of the Virgin*, the *Four Fathers of the Church*, and the *Martyrdom of St Stephen and Lawrence*. The sacristy has a fresco of the *Sacrifice of Isaac*. The work begun in 1779, was completed in part by Giacomo Antonio Pellegrini and also in 1783 by his daughter, Vincenza Rovisi, who helped him in all the works of his last years.

Rovisi also painted numerous commissions for private houses, often votive facade frescoes and Via Crucis depictions for the churches of San Giovanni Battista in Canale d'Agordo, Santi Pietro e Paolo in Varena, San Vigilio in Moena, and the parish church of Torcegno, work completed in 1775 with daughter.


title: Sweet Springs, Missouri

abstract: Sweet Springs is a city in Saline County, Missouri, United States, along the Blackwater River. The population was 1,484 at the 2010 census.

text:
# Sweet Springs, Missouri

**Sweet Springs** is a city in Saline County, Missouri, United States, along the Blackwater River. The population was 1,484 at the 2010 census.

## History

Sweet Springs was originally named "Brownsville", and under the latter name was platted in 1838. A post office called Sweet Springs has been in operation since 1849. The present name is after a mineral spring near the original town site. On April 19, 1882, a tornado destroyed much of Sweet Springs, killing 11 people and injuring 100. The First Christian Church and Sweet Springs Historic District are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

## Geography

Sweet Springs is situated at the intersection of Interstate 70 and Route 127.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.68 square miles (4.35 km2), of which 1.66 square miles (4.30 km2) is land and 0.02 square miles (0.05 km2) is water.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1880 | 1,182 |  |  |
| 1890 | 1,137 |  | −3.8% |
| 1900 | 1,080 |  | −5.0% |
| 1910 | 1,122 |  | 3.9% |
| 1920 | 1,177 |  | 4.9% |
| 1930 | 1,641 |  | 39.4% |
| 1940 | 1,413 |  | −13.9% |
| 1950 | 1,439 |  | 1.8% |
| 1960 | 1,452 |  | 0.9% |
| 1970 | 1,716 |  | 18.2% |
| 1980 | 1,694 |  | −1.3% |
| 1990 | 1,595 |  | −5.8% |
| 2000 | 1,628 |  | 2.1% |
| 2010 | 1,484 |  | −8.8% |
| 2020 | 1,316 |  | −11.3% |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |

### 2010 census

As of the census of 2010, there were 1,484 people, 575 households, and 368 families living in the city. The population density was 894.0 inhabitants per square mile (345.2/km2). There were 688 housing units at an average density of 414.5 per square mile (160.0/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 94.3% White, 1.8% African American, 0.3% Native American, 0.4% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.9% from other races, and 2.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.7% of the population.

There were 575 households, of which 32.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.2% were married couples living together, 13.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 36.0% were non-families. 28.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 3.00.

The median age in the city was 42.4 years. 23.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22.3% were from 25 to 44; 29.5% were from 45 to 64; and 17.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.5% male and 50.5% female.

### 2000 census

As of the census of 2000, there were 1,628 people, 612 households, and 417 families living in the city. The population density was 1,004.3 inhabitants per square mile (387.8/km2). There were 717 housing units at an average density of 442.3 per square mile (170.8/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 95.76% White, 1.29% African American, 0.06% Native American, 0.31% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 0.43% from other races, and 2.09% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.29% of the population.

There were 612 households, out of which 33.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.4% were married couples living together, 6.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.7% were non-families. 28.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 3.06.

In the city the population was spread out, with 25.7% under the age of 18, 6.8% from 18 to 24, 25.6% from 25 to 44, 22.2% from 45 to 64, and 19.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.8 males. For every 100 females aged 18 and over, there were 88.8 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $33,819, and the median income for a family was $41,563. Males had a median income of $28,942 versus $19,318 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,126. About 6.2% of families and 9.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.8% of those under age 18 and 10.9% of those age 65 or over.

## Climate

Sweet Springs has a typical temperate climate. As with most continental climates, the area has four seasons. Springs here are noted for their rainy days and variable temperatures. Thunderstorms are common and tornadoes occur during this time of year. Summers are usually hot and dry, with droughts occurring during several summers. Autumns are usually cool and rainy, although several days of warm weather are not uncommon. Winters are generally cold, with accumulating snow several days of the winter season. Although not as common, ice storms can and do occur as well.

| Climate data for Sweet Springs, Missouri (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1941–present) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 77
(25) | 83
(28) | 88
(31) | 93
(34) | 96
(36) | 106
(41) | 115
(46) | 109
(43) | 104
(40) | 96
(36) | 84
(29) | 75
(24) | 115
(46) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 38.4
(3.6) | 44.4
(6.9) | 55.5
(13.1) | 66.0
(18.9) | 75.7
(24.3) | 84.4
(29.1) | 88.7
(31.5) | 87.3
(30.7) | 79.9
(26.6) | 68.6
(20.3) | 54.8
(12.7) | 43.3
(6.3) | 65.6
(18.7) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 27.9
(−2.3) | 33.3
(0.7) | 43.9
(6.6) | 54.2
(12.3) | 64.5
(18.1) | 73.6
(23.1) | 77.7
(25.4) | 75.9
(24.4) | 67.7
(19.8) | 56.0
(13.3) | 43.5
(6.4) | 33.1
(0.6) | 54.3
(12.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 17.4
(−8.1) | 22.2
(−5.4) | 32.4
(0.2) | 42.3
(5.7) | 53.3
(11.8) | 62.7
(17.1) | 66.6
(19.2) | 64.5
(18.1) | 55.5
(13.1) | 43.3
(6.3) | 32.1
(0.1) | 23.0
(−5.0) | 42.9
(6.1) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −24
(−31) | −22
(−30) | −20
(−29) | 17
(−8) | 29
(−2) | 40
(4) | 44
(7) | 42
(6) | 26
(−3) | 14
(−10) | −8
(−22) | −23
(−31) | −24
(−31) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 1.48
(38) | 1.96
(50) | 2.91
(74) | 4.38
(111) | 5.49
(139) | 4.45
(113) | 5.49
(139) | 4.36
(111) | 4.00
(102) | 3.37
(86) | 2.55
(65) | 2.10
(53) | 42.54
(1,081) |
| Average snowfall inches (cm) | 4.7
(12) | 2.3
(5.8) | 1.5
(3.8) | 0.3
(0.76) | 0.0
(0.0) | 0.0
(0.0) | 0.0
(0.0) | 0.0
(0.0) | 0.0
(0.0) | 0.1
(0.25) | 0.4
(1.0) | 2.9
(7.4) | 12.2
(31) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 6.3 | 5.8 | 9.2 | 10.5 | 11.7 | 9.3 | 8.7 | 8.0 | 7.5 | 8.2 | 6.7 | 6.2 | 98.1 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | 2.8 | 1.9 | 0.8 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 2.0 | 8.2 |
| Source: NOAA | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## Education

Public education in Sweet Springs is administered by Sweet Springs R-VII School District.

Sweet Springs has a public library, the Sweet Springs Public Library.

## Notable people

1. "ArcGIS REST Services Directory". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 28, 2022.
2. U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Sweet Springs, Missouri
3. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
4. "Saline County Place Names, 1928–1945". The State Historical Society of Missouri. Archived from the original on June 24, 2016. Retrieved December 22, 2016.
5. "Post Offices". Jim Forte Postal History. Retrieved December 22, 2016.
6. Grazulis, Thomas P. (1993). *Significant tornadoes, 1680-1991: A Chronology and Analysis of Events*. St. Johnsbury, Vermont: Environmental Films. p. 615. ISBN 1-879362-03-1.
7. "National Register Information System". *National Register of Historic Places*. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
8. "US Gazetteer files 2010". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on July 2, 2012. Retrieved July 8, 2012.
9. "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
10. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 8, 2012.
11. "NowData – NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved August 2, 2021.
12. "Station: Sweet Springs, MO". *U.S. Climate Normals 2020: U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (1991-2020)*. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved August 2, 2021.
13. "Homepage". Sweet Springs R-Vii School District. Retrieved June 5, 2019.
14. "Missouri Public Libraries". PublicLibraries.com. Archived from the original on June 10, 2017. Retrieved June 5, 2019.

## InfoBox

| Sweet Springs, Missouri | |
| --- | --- |
| City | |
| Location of Sweet Springs, Missouri | |
| Coordinates: 38°57′54″N 93°24′55″W / 38.96500°N 93.41528°W / 38.96500; -93.41528 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Missouri |
| County | Saline |
| Area | |
| Total | 1.68 sq mi (4.35 km2) |
| Land | 1.66 sq mi (4.31 km2) |
| Water | 0.01 sq mi (0.04 km2) |
| Elevation | 712 ft (217 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 1,316 |
| Estimate (2023) | 1,319 |
| Density | 791.34/sq mi (305.55/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| ZIP code | 65351 |
| Area code | 660 |
| FIPS code | 29-71890 |
| GNIS feature ID | 2396016 |


title: List of unsolved problems in economics

text:
# List of unsolved problems in economics

This is a list of some of the major unsolved problems, puzzles, or questions in economics. Some of these are theoretical in origin and some of them concern the inability of orthodox economic theory to explain an empirical observation.

## Capital theory

* **Cambridge capital controversy**: The Cambridge capital controversy is a dispute in economics that started in the 1950s. The debate concerned the nature and role of capital goods and a critique of the neoclassical vision of aggregate production and distribution. The question of whether the natural growth rate is exogenous, or endogenous to demand (and whether it is input growth that causes output growth, or vice versa), lies at the heart of the debate. The resolution of the debate has not been agreed upon by economists.
* **Transformation problem**: The transformation problem is the problem specific to Marxist economics, and not to economics in general, of finding a general rule by which to transform the values of commodities based on socially necessary labour time into the competitive prices of the marketplace. The essential difficulty is how to reconcile profit in the form of surplus value from direct labour inputs and the ratio of direct labour input to capital input that vary widely between commodities, with the tendency toward an average rate of profit on all capital invested.

## Behavioral economics

* **Revealed preference**: Does revealed preference theory truly reveal consumer preference when the consumer is able to afford all of the available options? For example, if a consumer is confronted with three goods and they can afford to purchase all three (A, B, and C) and they choose to first purchase A, then C, and then B – does this suggest that the consumer preference for the goods is A \> C \> B? The debate rests on the fact that since the consumer can afford all three goods and does not need to make a preferential decision, does the order of consumption reflect any preference?
* **Tâtonnement**: The act of tâtonnement (trial-and-error) plays a key role in the formulation of general equilibrium theory. The claim is that if an initial contract does not lead to an equilibrium, it is ended and new contracts are formulated. If the initial contract is not called off, it will likely lead to a different set of prices, depending on the degree of error in the original process. The question is whether successive re-contracting continues with the parties forgetting the previously planned positions taken or whether the parties engage in a form of tâtonnement to achieve optimality. See also Hill climbing and Walrasian auction.
* **Unified models of human biases**: Neoclassical economics has concentrated on the development of models that reflect an idealized economic agent, sometimes referred to as *Homo economicus*, as a way of studying economics. In the period spanning the 1970s to the 1990s, research began to emerge that suggested that people were subject to cognitive biases such as the framing effect, loss aversion, the gambler's fallacy, confirmation bias, and many others. Further, these effects could produce anomalies such as herd behavior or momentum investing inconsistent with economic models that did not incorporate human psychological limitations. While some models have begun to include bounded rationality and risk aversion, such as prospect theory, there still remains to be seen a unified model that can make useful predictions that incorporates the entirety of cognitive biases and rational limitations in most humans. Further, there even exists debate as to whether it is necessary to incorporate such psychological limitations into economic models. While some economists insist they are necessary to fully appreciate the complexity of the market, others still contend that a model that incorporates human biases is either unrealistic or question its usefulness arguing that a model that doesn't approximate agents as being perfectly rational, with the possibility of minimal exceptions, is unlikely to be successful.

## Financial economics

* **Equity premium puzzle**: The equity premium puzzle is thought to be one of the most important outstanding questions in neoclassical economics. It is founded on the basis that over the last one hundred years or so the average real return to stocks in the US has been substantially higher than that of bonds. The puzzle lies in explaining the causes behind this equity premium. While there are a number of different theories regarding the puzzle, there still exists no definitive agreement on its cause.
* **Dividend puzzle**: The dividend puzzle is the empirically observed phenomenon that companies that pay dividends tend to be rewarded by investors with higher valuations. At present, there is no explanation widely accepted by economists. The Modigliani–Miller theorem suggests that the puzzle can (only) be explained by some combination of taxes, bankruptcy costs, market inefficiency (including that due to investor psychology), and asymmetric information.
* **Improved Black–Scholes and binomial options pricing models**: The Black–Scholes model and the more general binomial options pricing models are a collection of equations that seek to model and price equity and call options. While the models are widely used, they have many significant limitations. Chief among them are the model's inability to account for historical market movements and their frequent overpricing of options, with the overpricing increasing with the time to maturity. The development of a model that can properly account for the pricing of call options on an asset with stochastic volatility is considered an open problem in financial economics.

## International economics

* **Home bias in trade puzzle**: The home bias in trade puzzle is an empirical observation that even when factors such as economic size of trading partners and the distance between them are considered, trade between regions within a given country is substantially greater than trade between regions in different countries, even when there are no substantial legal barriers. There is currently no framework to explain this observation.
* **Equity home bias puzzle**: This puzzle concerns the observation that individuals and institutions in many countries only hold modest amounts of foreign equity, despite the ability for vast diversification of their portfolios in the global economy. While some explanations do exist, such as that local individuals and firms have greater access to information about local firms and economic conditions, these explanations are not accepted by the majority of economists and have been mostly refuted.
* **Backus–Kehoe–Kydland puzzle**: The Backus–Kehoe–Kydland consumption correlation puzzle is the empirical observation that consumption is much less correlated across countries than output. Standard economic theory suggests that country-specific output risks should be collective and domestic consumption growth should not depend strongly on country-specific income shocks. Thus, we should not see the observation that consumption is much less correlated across countries than output; and yet we do.
* **Feldstein–Horioka puzzle**: The Feldstein-Horioka puzzle originates from an article in the 1980s that found that among OECD countries, averages of long-term national savings rates are highly correlated with similar averages of domestic investment rates. Standard economic theory suggests that in relatively open international financial markets, the savings of any country would flow to countries with the most productive investment opportunities; hence, saving rates and domestic investment rates would be uncorrelated, contrary to the empirical evidence suggested by Martin Feldstein and Charles Horioka. While numerous articles regarding the puzzle have been published, none of the explanations put forth have adequate empirical support.
* **PPP Puzzle**: The PPP puzzle, considered one of the two real exchange rate puzzles, concerns the observation that real exchange rates are both more volatile and more persistent than most models would suggest. The only clear way to understand this volatility would be to assign substantial roles to monetary and financial shocks. However, if shocks play such a large role the challenge becomes finding what source, if one even exists, of nominal rigidity that could be so persistent to explain the long-term prolonged nature of real exchange rate deviations.
* **The exchange rate disconnect puzzle**: The exchange rate disconnect puzzle, also one of the so-called real exchange rate puzzles, concerns the weak short-term feedback link between exchange rates and the rest of the economy. In most economies, the exchange rate is the most important relative price, so it is surprising, and thus far unexplained entirely, that the correlations are not stronger.

## Economic anthropology

## Further reading


title: X-amounts

abstract: x-amounts is the second release and first full-length album from Canadian indie rock band controller.controller. It was released on October 11, 2005, in Canada by Paper Bag Records and in the United States on March 7, 2006.

text:
# X-amounts

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| PopMatters |  |

***x-amounts*** is the second release and first full-length album from Canadian indie rock band controller.controller. It was released on October 11, 2005, in Canada by Paper Bag Records and in the United States on March 7, 2006.

## Track listing

All songs by controller.controller (Basnayake/Kaija/Llewellyn-Thomas/Morris/Scheven).

1. "Tigers not Daughters" – 3:16
2. "PF" – 3:23
3. "Poison/Safe" – 4:43
4. "Rooms" – 4:04
5. "Future Turtles" – 1:36
6. "Straight in the Head" – 4:31
7. "City of Daggers" – 4:08
8. "Heavy as a Heart" – 2:26
9. "BLK GLV" – 2:07
10. "The Raw No" – 3:49
11. "Magnetic Strip" – 4:23

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| x-amounts | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by controller.controller | |
| Released | October 11, 2005 |
| Recorded | Signal to Noise |
| Genre | Indie rock, dance-punk |
| Length | 38:26 |
| Label | Paper Bag Records |
| Producer | Rob Sanzo, controller.controller |
| Controller.controller chronology | |
| *History*
(2004) ***x-amounts***
(2005) | |


title: Lendrick Muir School

abstract: Lendrick Muir School was a Scottish residential school for children of above average intelligence, aged 11–19 or latterly children with dyslexia, located in Perth and Kinross on an unclassified road from Rumbling Bridge to Crook of Devon.

text:
# Lendrick Muir School

**Lendrick Muir School** was a Scottish residential school for children of above average intelligence, aged 11–19 (originally 7–18) or latterly children with dyslexia, located in Perth and Kinross on an unclassified road from Rumbling Bridge to Crook of Devon.

## Etymology

The places in Scotland with the name *Lendrick* are derived from Brittonic *llanerch* (or *\*lanerc*), meaning "a vale, a space of level ground" or *clearing, pasture*.

## Pupils

Children from all over the country, and a few from other parts of the United Kingdom, attended, and all were funded by their local authorities. School refusal was a common reason for pupils being placed here, and many had psychological and behavioural problems due to familial abuse or neglect.

The school claimed not to accept pupils who were "sexually promiscuous, psychotic, habitually delinquent or seriously behaviourally disturbed".

Children were expected to be able to follow an academic syllabus, leading to examinations such as Ordinary Grades, Highers or Certificate of Sixth Year Studies, set by the Scottish Examination Board.

## Location and environs

The school was located off Naemoor Road, an unclassified road, connecting the A823 at Rumbling Bridge with the A977 at Crook of Devon. It was about 800 metres east of Rumbling Bridge and one kilometre west of Crook of Devon, situated at latitude 56.18629 longitude -3.57635. Male pupils lived within the main school building, while female pupils were housed separately in a large detached property, 'Craigard', a few kilometres away.

Nearby villages, in addition to the two mentioned include Drum, Yetts o' Muckart and Pool of Muckhart. The school was about 500 metres south-west of the River Devon and, because the river changes direction at Crook of Devon, it was also located about 500 metres north of the River Devon. The school was about 3 kilometres south-east of the Ochil Hills.

The school was situated in 200 acres of rough estate except for the potato field leased to a local farmer. The Sports field covered 25 acres and was often grazed by the same farmer's sheep.

## Sports

The School provided facilities for hockey, football, cricket, and tennis. Other leisure time facilities included hill-climbing and canoeing, and various indoor pastimes.

The school had a house system for the purposes of sports competitions. To begin with there were two houses: Devons and Muirs. Later there was an Ochil House but that was discontinued after a time.

## Naemoor House

The school was housed in Naemoor House, formally Naemoor School, a neo-classical mansion designed by Adam Frame of Alloa which was listed in 1977, and this was a continuation of Riverview Private School in Alloa, run by husband and wife team John and Janet Grieve. Shortly before it became Lendrick Muir School, William Younger, the brewer, from Alloa injected finance into it.

## Change in direction

In 1988, the School changed its policy on admissions and its client groups, focussing on children with dyslexia. It retained this focus until its closure in 1998.

## Closure

It closed in 1998, following a "damning verdict on the \[...\] accommodation, management and curriculum". According to the Sunday Mail, among other things, "\[The School\] which receives more than £250,000 a year in fees has been branded unsafe, dirty and lacking in resources. \[...\] The inspectors' report revealed a long list of problems. They found dirty and unsafe rooms, bad teaching and a lack of books and computers, and said the dinners were poor."

The head of the school, John McLaughlin, ( who joined the school in its last year) accepted these criticisms and said: "\[To stay open\] we would have to have put in place a whole range of things. There would be no more communal showering, individual rooms where possible, pleasant views from windows, proper systems of care, quality learning for staff, appropriate ratios."

## Current use

The building has been owned and run by the Scripture Union since its closure as a school in 1998, and the SU now offers residential activity breaks for young people.


title: Toyota Succeed

abstract: The Toyota Succeed is a now-discontinued station wagon/van sold by Toyota in Japan as passenger car and commercial van.

text:
# Toyota Succeed

The **Toyota Succeed** is a now-discontinued station wagon/van sold by Toyota in Japan as passenger car and commercial van.

## First generation (XP50)

The first Succeed was introduced in July 2002 as the successor of Toyota Caldina Van. A more basic and shorter version is known as the Toyota Probox.

For 2007 Japanese models, G-Book, a subscription telematics service, was offered as an option.

## 2014 facelift (XP160)

Since the 2014 facelift, the Succeed and Probox are identical. However, the Probox is also available with a 1.3-litre engine. The passenger variants of the two were discontinued and the role was taken over by Toyota Corolla Fielder Wagon. The Succeed was available through Toyota and Toyopet dealerships, while the Probox was sold through Corolla dealerships. Starting in 2018, Toyota Japan started merging its four dealership formulas, and the twinned model lines. In May 2020, the Succeed was discontinued.

## InfoBox

| Toyota Succeed (XP50/160) | |
| --- | --- |
| Toyota Succeed Van UL (NCP51V) | |
| Overview | |
| Manufacturer | Daihatsu |
| Also called |  |
| Production | * 2002–2020 * \*2002–2014 (XP50) * \*2014–2020 (XP160) |
| Assembly | Japan: Ōyamazaki, Kyoto (Daihatsu Kyoto plant) |
| Body and chassis | |
| Class |  |
| Body style | 5-door station wagon/van |
| Layout |  |
| Platform | Toyota NBC platform (2002–2014)
Toyota B platform (2014–2020) |
| Related |  |
| Powertrain | |
| Engine |  |
| Transmission |  |
| Dimensions | |
| Wheelbase | 2,550 mm (100.4 in) (X50/160) |
| Length | 4,300 mm (169.3 in) (XP50)
4,245 mm (167.1 in) (XP160) |
| Width | 1,690–1,695 mm (66.5–66.7 in) (XP50/160) |
| Height | 1,510–1,515 mm (59.4–59.6 in) (XP50)
1,525–1,530 mm (60.0–60.2 in) (XP160) |
| Curb weight | 1,050–1,140 kg (2,314.9–2,513.3 lb) (XP50)
1,100–1,170 kg (2,425.1–2,579.4 lb) (XP160) |
| Chronology | |
| Predecessor | Toyota Caldina Van (T190) |
| Successor | Toyota Probox (Succeed Van)
Toyota Corolla Fielder (Succeed Wagon) |


title: Paratimiola

abstract: Paratimiola rondoni is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, and the only species in the genus Paratimiola. It was described by Breuning in 1965.

text:
# Paratimiola

***Paratimiola rondoni*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, and the only species in the genus ***Paratimiola***. It was described by Breuning in 1965.

## InfoBox

| *Paratimiola* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Suborder: | Polyphaga |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | ***Paratimiola*** |
| Species: | ***P. rondoni*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Paratimiola rondoni***<br>Breuning, 1965 | |
|


title: Oliger Paulli

abstract: Oliger (Holger) Paulli, also spelt as Olliger Paulli, was a wealthy Danish merchant from an influential family, pamphleteer, religious fanatic, and publisher. He was renowned for his over-zealous activities for the return of Jewish people to their promised holy land. He was well known for claiming his great-grandfather, "Simon Paulli (Sr.)", as a Jew and descendant of the royal line of David. His controversial promulgations and religiously fanatical publications such as The Dove of Noah and The Triumph of the Stone cut without Hands created hopes and theological tensions among major religions of those days.

text:
# Oliger Paulli

**Oliger (Holger) Paulli** (March 18, 1644 – August 1714), also spelt as **Olliger Paulli**, was a wealthy Danish merchant from an influential family, pamphleteer, religious fanatic, and publisher. He was renowned for his over-zealous activities for the return of Jewish people to their promised holy land.

He was well known for claiming his great-grandfather, "Simon Paulli (Sr.)", as a Jew and descendant of the royal line of David. His controversial promulgations and religiously fanatical publications such as *The Dove of Noah* and *The Triumph of the Stone cut without Hands* created hopes and theological tensions among major religions of those days.

## Biography

He was born on March 18, 1644, at Copenhagen. His father, Simon Paulli, was a reputed Anatomist and royal physician to Frederick III of Denmark. His grandfather, Heinrich Paulli (1565-1610), was a personal physician of queen Sophie of Mecklenburg-Güstrow. His great-grandfather, Simon Paulli (Sr.), was a German Lutheran (assumed) theologian and first superintendent of Rostock.

He was a bookkeeper for the West Indies and Danish West India Company in Copenhagen. With business and commerce prosperity, he was appointed secretary to the Danish West India Company. Over the period, he became one of the richest merchants in Denmark. Between 1683 and 1688, he started his own ship and cargoes to Guinea as a result of delivering supplies to the fort or payment of "recognition". It appears, he made lot of fortune on then, prosperous slave trade in the West Indies and on the coast of Guinea.

It seems, due to committing many extravagancies and lavish lifestyle, he went bankrupt and eventually became deranged. He then quit his family and went to Paris. Over there, he proposed a plan for the conquest of Judea with an aim of rebuilding Jerusalem. In 1694, he proclaimed himself as new messiah and king of the Jews.

In spite of presumed Christian descendency, he appears to have claimed his great-grandfather, Simon Paulli (Sr.), was a Jew and descendant of David's royal house. He justified his claim showing the name *Paulleli* as a combination of Greek *Paulus* and Hebrew *Eli*; thus, meaning *God supplies the inadequacy.* He also claimed that, at the age of 13, he made a blood covenant with God, who exchanged a *yodh* for the *he* in his baptismal name, thereafter, renaming his original name from *Holiger* to *Oliger* (Olliger), to connote "through him Jesus would be brought to the Jews." In addition, the name Oliger is also held as an allusion to the olive leaf of Noah's dove. He apparently seems to have raised theological controversy that Jesus didn't cry out "My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me?" (Matthew 27:46; Mark 15:34), but instead "Why hast thou glorified me!"

He proclaimed his intention of establishing a new Jewish kingdom in Palestine. He even wrote letters to several European rulers apprising and assuring them that Jerusalem will be rebuilt in 1720, in which year messiah would descend from heaven to officiate as high priest of Jerusalem, the holy city. He sent mystical letters to William III of England and Dauphin of France urging them to undertake the restoration of Jews.

He was imprisoned at Amsterdam in 1701, for publishing a book ridiculing Christianity and announcing a plan and project to establish a new religion on its ruins. His family secured his release in 1702 with a condition that they would keep him away from Holland. From 1702 to 1706, he travelled across Germany continuing the publication of religious pamphlets and propaganda about his cause. However, it appears, he had less success in Germany than in Holland, forcing him to return to Copenhagen in 1706.

Upon returning Copenhagen, he continued his Jewish missionary propaganda at home too. A number of Jews encouraged his efforts to establish a new kingdom of Israel with frequent Jewish assemblage at his home and several meetings where Oliger spoke on his holy mission. Further to his cause, he published several books and pamphlets angering local Christian populace. When the local Christians' anger reached its peak to the extent of a possible outbreak against Jews, king Frederick IV of Denmark had to step in, ordering Copenhagen police chief to admonish Oliger and put an end to Oliger's demonstrations and meetings.

He died at Copenhagen in 1714.

## Works

* *The Dove of Noah*
* *Good News from Canaan*
* *The Triumph of the Stone Cut Without Hands*

## Literature

Jeannine Kunert: 'I who knows no Hebrew': On the relation of language, identity and millenarian expectations as exemplified by Oliger Paulli", in Sabine Sander (Ed.): Language as Bridge and Border – Linguistics, Cultural, and Political Constellations in 18th to 20th Century German-Jewish Thought, Berlin 2015. 51-69.

Jeannine Kunert, Alexander van der Haven: “Jews and Christians United: The 1701 Prosecution of Oliger Paulli and his Dutch Printers”, Studia Rosenthaliana: Journal of the History, Culture and Heritage of the Jews in the Netherlands 46 no. 1–2 (2020): 71–95. https://doi.org/10.5117/SR2020.1-2.004.KUNE.


title: Oxford Regional Education Centre

abstract: Oxford Regional Education Centre (OREC) is a school in Oxford, Nova Scotia, Canada. The school teaches grades primary through 12. The school's basketball team are known as the Oxford Golden Bears, represented by a golden bear. The school opened in January 2010 and finished the 1st term with that month. It was a $13 million project. It combined the two old schools Oxford Regional Elementary School and Oxford Regional High School. It has around 450 students and is a Division 3 school. Official Web Site

text:
# Oxford Regional Education Centre

**Oxford Regional Education Centre** (**OREC**) is a school in Oxford, Nova Scotia, Canada.

The school teaches grades primary through 12. The school's basketball team are known as the Oxford Golden Bears, represented by a golden bear.

The school opened in January 2010 and finished the 1st term with that month. It was a $13 million project. It combined the two old schools Oxford Regional Elementary School (ORES primary-5) and Oxford Regional High School (ORHS 6–12). It has around 450 students and is a Division 3 school. Official Web Site 45°44′16.1″N 63°51′55.2″W / 45.737806°N 63.865333°W / 45.737806; -63.865333


title: Valtònyc

abstract: José Miguel Arenas Beltrán, popularly known as Valtònyc, is a Spanish rapper, originally from Mallorca, Spain. He describes himself as an independentist. His lyrics are based on an anti-capitalist, republican and anti-fascist ideology.

text:
# Valtònyc

**José Miguel Arenas Beltrán** (born 18 December 1993), popularly known as **Valtònyc**, is a Spanish rapper, originally from Mallorca, Spain. He describes himself as an independentist. His lyrics are based on an anti-capitalist, republican and anti-fascist ideology.

## Biography

José Miguel Arenas Beltrán is from the island of Mallorca. He was a seller of fruit and vegetables. He is working as a full stack software developer and also as a rapper, but was not well known before his legal proceedings, something commonly known as the Streisand effect.

He was arrested on 23 August 2012 when he was 18.

In February 2018, the Supreme Court of Spain confirmed his sentence by the Audiencia Nacional of three and a half years in jail after being convicted of slander, Lèse-majesté, and glorifying terrorism in his lyrics. Court papers referenced lyrics "supporting and praising" ETA, GRAPO, wishing death on politicians and members of the Spanish royal family. Afterwards he stated on several occasions that it was the Second Deputy Prime Minister, Pablo Iglesias Turrión, who instructed him to compose the song against the royal family.

Valtònyc is believed to be the first Spanish musician to be imprisoned for his lyrics since the 1977 restoration of democracy in Spain.

On 23 May 2018, the day before he was to enter prison, it was reported that he had fled to Belgium to avoid arrest.

On 5 July, he reported to the police in the Belgian city of Ghent, following a European Arrest Warrant issued by the Spanish authorities to have him extradited to Spain. He was heard by an examining judge of the tribunal of first instance of Ghent, who decided there was no reason to assume he would try to flee from Belgium.

Valtònyc was released under conditions later that day. The spokesperson of the prosecutor's office of Ghent stated additional documents have been requested from the Spanish authorities. When those would be made available, the court's *raadkamer* ("counsel chamber") was to decide whether Valtònyc would be extradited. The court of Ghent had previously refused to extradite some Spanish fugitives in its history, such as the terrorist María Natividad Jauregui Espina, who was accused by the Spanish authorities of having been involved in ETA terrorist attacks in 1981 and was finally extradited on November 22, 2020.

The Ghent court of appeal sought a preliminary ruling from the European Court of Justice in the matter. The standard of double criminality under the European Arrest Warrant system requires that the offence for which extradition is sought be punishable in both countries by a term of imprisonment of at least three years. The Spanish penal code was amended in 2015 to lengthen the prison term for the offence of glorifying terrorism. The ECJ ruled that the Ghent Court of Appeal should refer to the Spanish penal code as it stood in 2012 (when Valtònyc wrote the lyrics in question), rather than 2018 when Spain requested extradition.

On 28 October 2021, the Belgian constitutional court ruled that the offence of lèse majesté, which had been on the statute book since 1847, was unconstitutional as it infringed the right of freedom of speech. This decision means in effect that Valtònyc cannot be extradited to Spain for this particular offence.

## Discography

* *EPD* (2020)
* *Piet Hein* (2019)
* *El Reincident* (2018)
* *Neversleep* (2016)
* *La autodestrucción y sus ventajas* (auto edited, 2015)
* *Simbiosi* (auto edited, 2015)
* *Eutanàsia* (auto edited, 2014)
* *Microglicerina* (auto edited, 2013)
* *Aina i altres ansietats* (auto edited, 2013)
* *Cadenes* (auto edited, 2012)
* *Rap rural* (amb Swing) (2012)
* *Mallorca és ca nostra* (auto edited, 2012)
* *Residus d'un poeta* (auto edited, 2012)
* *Jazz amb llàgrimes de rom* (auto edited, 2011)
* *Misantropia* (auto edited, 2010)
* *Desde el papel* (auto edited, 2009)

1. "Sentencia 79/2018 de Tribunal Supremo" (in European Spanish). Retrieved 20 February 2018.
2. "El análisis de Valtonyc sobre Cataluña: "Soy independentista y en un futuro Islas Baleares, Euskal Herria y Galicia seguirá el camino"" (in European Spanish). Retrieved 21 December 2020.
3. El Festigal 2018 anuncia al rapero Valtonyc para reivindicar la libertad de expresión published 27 March 2018, retrieved 24 May 2018 by europapress.es(in Spanish)
4. Valtonyc defiende que no hay ningún tipo de “violencia” en sus canciones Published 24 February 2017, retrieved 24 May 2018 by Público(in Spanish)
5. "Le rappeur espagnol Valtonyc visé par un mandat d'arrêt international". 24 May 2018.
6. "El rapero Valtonyc irá a la cárcel" (in European Spanish). Retrieved 20 February 2018.
7. "Valtonyc acorrala a Iglesias:"Él me encargó la canción sobre Juan Carlos I por la que fui condenado"". *El Español* (in European Spanish). 6 August 2020. Retrieved 21 December 2020.
8. "Valtonyc insiste en que Pablo Iglesias le encargó la canción contra el Rey por la que fue condenado". *ABC* (in European Spanish). 6 August 2020. Retrieved 21 December 2020.
9. "La PDLI, sobre la condena al rapero Valtonyc: inaudito e impropio de una democracia". 20 February 2018.
10. *Valtonyc fuig a Europa per no haver d'entrar a la presó* (in Catalan), retrieved 23 May 2018
11. "Spaanse rapper Valtònyc wordt voorlopig niet overgeleverd" \[Spanish rapper Valtònyc will not be extradited for now\]. *De Standaard* (in Dutch). 5 July 2018. Retrieved 6 July 2018.
12. Valtònyc: Belgian court refuses to extradite Spanish rapper, BBC, 17 September 2018
13. La Policía Nacional traslada a España a María Natividad Jáuregui Espina entregada por las autoridades belgas, Moncloa, 22 November 2020
14. "La justicia europea da la razón a Valtònyc y complica su entrega a España". 3 March 2020.
15. "Le crime de lèse-majesté viole la liberté d'expression, selon la Cour constitutionnelle". *La Libre*.
16. "El Constitucional de Bélgica aleja la extradición de Valtònyc al fallar que la libertad de expresión ampara los insultos al rey". *elDiario.es*.
17. "Rapper defiant as jail looms, posing quandry for Spain". France 24. 12 February 2021. Retrieved 14 February 2021.

## InfoBox

| Valtònyc | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | José Miguel Arenas Beltrán
(1993-12-18) 18 December 1993
Sa Pobla, Balearic Islands, Spain |
| Nationality | Spanish |
| Occupation | Rapper |
| Years active | 2009–present |
|  | |
| Conviction(s) | Convicted of incitement of terrorism, death threats, insults and lèse-majesté. |
|  | |


title: Swim Team (TV series)

abstract: Swim Team is an Indian television series that aired on Channel V India from 9 March 2015 to 19 February 2016.

text:
# Swim Team (TV series)

***Swim Team*** is an Indian television series that aired on Channel V India from 9 March 2015 to 19 February 2016.

## Cast

## InfoBox

| *Swim Team* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Genre | Youth show |
| Created by | Shalini Harshwal |
| Screenplay by | * Suhani Kanwar * Ritu Bhatia * Nihar Mehta |
| Directed by | * Khuzema Haveliwala * Mir Mohsin Manzoor |
| Creative directors | * Aapar Gupta * Meeit Kohli |
| Starring | See Below |
| Music by | Sargam Jassu |
| Country of origin | India |
| Original language | Hindi |
| No. of seasons | 5 |
| No. of episodes | 245 |
| Production | |
| Producer | Praver Awal |
| Production location | Mumbai |
| Cinematography | Srini Rammaiya |
| Camera setup | Multi-camera |
| Running time | Approx. 22 minutes |
| Production company | Endemol India Pvt Ltd |
| Original release | |
| Network | Channel V India |
| Release | 9 March 2015 (2015-03-09) <br>19 February 2016 (2016-02-19) |


title: Word Brain

abstract: WordBrain is a word game acquired by Swedish game developer MAG Interactive and released through them on July 19, 2015 for iOS, Android and Windows phone platforms.

text:
# Word Brain

**WordBrain** is a word game acquired by Swedish game developer MAG Interactive and released through them on July 19, 2015 for iOS, Android and Windows phone platforms.

## Gameplay

The gameplay mechanic is based on finding one or several specific words on a puzzle grid and swiping over the scrambled letters to see words collapse.

The 1980 levels available are grouped in packs of 20, starting with a grid size of 2x2 and reaching 8x8 in the later packs. Players progress in the game by completing packs and unlocking more challenging levels.

## Reception

WordBrain had over 40 million downloads as of 2020.

## InfoBox

| WordBrain | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Developer(s) | MAG Interactive |
| Platform(s) | iOS, Android, Windows Phone 8 |
| Release | July 19, 2015 |
| Genre(s) | Word game |