title: Non-achromatic objective

abstract: A non-achromatic objective is an objective lens which is not corrected for chromatic aberration. In telescopes they can a be pre-18th century simple single element objective lenses which were used before the invention of doublet achromatic lenses. They can also be specialty monochromatic lenses used in modern research telescopes and other instruments.

text:
# Non-achromatic objective

A **non-achromatic objective** is an objective lens which is not corrected for chromatic aberration. In telescopes they can a be pre-18th century simple single element objective lenses which were used before the invention of doublet achromatic lenses. They can also be specialty monochromatic lenses used in modern research telescopes and other instruments.

## Non-achromatic telescope objectives

### Early non-achromatic objectives

Early telescope objective, such as those built by Johannes Hevelius and Christiaan Huygens and his brother Constantijn Huygens, Jr., utilized single small (2"-8") positive lenses with enormous focal lengths (up to 150 feet in length in tube telescopes and up to 600 feet in non-tube aerial telescopes). This allowed the observer to use higher magnification while limiting the interfering rainbow halos caused by chromatic aberration (the uncorrected chromatic aberration fell within the large diffraction pattern at focus).

### Modern non-achromatic objectives

Modern instruments may use a non-achromatic objective lens which is well-corrected for spherical aberration and off-axis aberrations such as coma and astigmatism over the desired field of view at only one wavelength. Monochromatically corrected objectives can be found in solar telescopes working with narrow spectral lines such as the hydrogen alpha spectral line of 0.6562725 micrometres. They are also used in astrographic telescopes where multiple single narrow wavelength images are used in stellar classification.

## Other applications

Non-achromatic objectives are also used in monochromatic laser applications such as collimators, beam expanders, and highly corrected pupil imaging for wavefront error sensors for adaptive optics.


title: 1896 AHAC season

abstract: The 1896 Amateur Hockey Association of Canada season was the tenth season of play of the league. Each team played eight games, and Montreal Victorias were first with a 7–1 record. During the season, on February 14 the Victorias hosted a Stanley Cup challenge match with the Winnipeg Victorias club. Winnipeg won 2–0 to win the Cup.

text:
# 1896 AHAC season

The **1896 Amateur Hockey Association of Canada season** was the tenth season of play of the league. Each team played eight games, and Montreal Victorias were first with a 7–1 record. During the season, on February 14 the Victorias hosted a Stanley Cup challenge match with the Winnipeg Victorias club. Winnipeg won 2–0 to win the Cup.

## Executive

* Watson Jack, Victorias (President)
* Weldy Young, Ottawa (1st. Vice-Pres.)
* Clarence Mussen, Montreal (Sec.-Treasurer)

## Season

The Crystals were allowed to change their name to Shamrocks, which matched their new affiliation with the Shamrock A.A.A.

### Highlights

The Victorias were truly the class of the league and only lost once, 3–2 to Ottawa. Their regular season team goal total was nearly double that of Ottawa.

### Final Standing

| Team | Games Played | Wins | Losses | Ties | Goals For | Goals Against |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Montreal Victorias | 8 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 41 | 24 |
| Ottawa HC | 8 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 22 | 16 |
| Quebec | 8 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 23 | 23 |
| Montreal HC | 8 | 2 | 6 | 0 | 24 | 33 |
| Montreal Shamrocks | 8 | 1 | 7 | 0 | 16 | 30 |
|

## Playoffs

There were no playoffs as Montreal won first place exclusively.

## Exhibitions

After the season, Montreal and Shamrocks played an exhibition series of games in the United States:

Washington, March 7, 1896 * Shamrocks 3, Montreal 1

Baltimore, March 9, 1896 * Montreal 6, Shamrocks 5

New York, March 10, 1896 * Montreal 1, Shamrocks 1 ( completed March 11 with Shamrocks winning 2–1)

The Montreal Victorias travelled to New York City for an exhibition against the New York Athletic Club. The Athletic Club records the date as March 4, (although the date conflicts with an AHAC game), won by the Vics 6–1.

## Stanley Cup challenge

### Victorias vs. Winnipeg at Montreal

The first successful challenge to the Cup came in February 1896 by the Winnipeg Victorias, the champions of the Manitoba Hockey Association (MHA). On February 14, Winnipeg beat defending champion Montreal Victorias, 2–0, becoming the first team outside the AHAC to win the Cup. Winnipeg took a 2–0 lead in the first half of the game on goals by Armytage and Campbell, then played on the defensive in the second half.

| Date | Winning Team | Score | Losing Team | Location |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| February 14, 1896 | Winnipeg Victorias | 2–0 | Montreal Victorias | Victoria Skating Rink |

## Stanley Cup engraving

### 1896 Winnipeg Victorias

### Players

Forwards * Dan Bain(center)
* Colin "Tote" Campbell(left-wing),
* Tom "Attie" Howard(right-wing),
* Robert "Bobby" R Benson (Spare-left-right wing),

Defencemen     Goaltenders * George Whitey Merritt
* Jack Sheppard (played 1 regular-season game in goal)

### Coaching and administrative staff

* E.B. Nixon (President)&
* Able Code (Vice President/Manager)
* J. Carter (Mascot/Trainer)&

### Stanley Cup engraving

* VICTORIAS
* \- OF -
* WINNIPEG
* 1895
* Winnipeg included the year 1895 instead of 1896, because they defeated the 1895 defending Stanley Cup Champions Montreal Victorias before the 1896 season had been completed. This is not an engraving error.
* An interesting factoid for this 2-0 win over the similarly named Montreal Victorias is that the very first Stanley Cup Parade was held in Winnipeg on Main Street celebrating this victory.
* Two non-players first names are unknown&

## Schedule and results

| Month | Day | Visitor | Score | Home | Score |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Jan. | 3 | **Victorias** | 7 | Montreal | 5 |
| | 4 | **Ottawa** | 2 | Shamrocks | 1 |
| | 10 | **Montreal** | 5 | Shamrocks | 3 |
| | 11 | **Victorias** | 7 | Quebec | 5 |
| | 18 | Montreal | 1 | **Ottawa** | 3 |
| | 18 | **Quebec** | 2 | Shamrocks | 1 |
| | 25 | Ottawa | 2 | **Quebec** | 5 |
| | 25 | Shamrocks | 1 | **Victorias** | 5 |
| Feb. | 1 | **Ottawa** | 3 | Victorias | 2 |
| | 1 | Montreal | 1 | **Quebec** | 3 |
| | 5 | **Shamrocks** | 5 | Montreal | 3 |
| | 8 | Shamrocks | 1 | **Quebec** | 4 |
| | 8 | **Victorias** | 3 | Ottawa | 2 (6'00 overtime) |
| | 15 | **Ottawa** | 3 | Montreal | 2 |
| | 22 | Quebec | 2 | **Montreal** | 3 |
| | 25 | Montreal | 4 | **Victorias** | 7 |
| | 29 | Shamrocks | 2 | **Ottawa** | 3 |
| | 29 | Quebec | 2 | **Victorias** | 4 |
| Mar. | 4 (†) | **Victorias** | 6 | Shamrocks | 2 |
| | 7 | Quebec | 0 | **Ottawa** | 4 |
|

† Victorias clinch league championship.

## Player statistics

### Goaltending averages

Note: GP = Games played, GA = Goals against, SO = Shutouts, GAA = Goals against average

| Name | Club | GP | GA | SO | GAA |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Fred Chittick | Ottawa | 8 | 16 | 1 | 2.0 |
| Frank Stocking | Quebec | 8 | 23 |  | 2.9 |
| Robert Jones | Victorias | 8 | 24 |  | 3.0 |
| James Drysdale | Shamrocks | 8 | 30 |  | 3.8 |
| George Hamilton | Montreal | 2 | 8 |  | 4.0 |
| Herbert Collins | Montreal | 6 | 25 |  | 4.1 |
|

### Scoring leaders

| Name | Club | GP | G |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| McDougall, Robert | Victorias | 6 | 10 |
| McKerrow, Clare | Montreal | 6 | 8 |
| Davidson, Shirley | Victorias | 7 | 8 |
| Swift, Albert E. | Quebec | 8 | 8 |
| Westwick, Harry | Ottawa | 8 | 8 |
| Drinkwater, Graham | Victorias | 8 | 7 |
| Smith, Alf | Ottawa | 8 | 7 |
| Doyle, Pat | Quebec | 8 | 6 |
| Gillilan, David | Victorias | 3 | 5 |
| Mussen, Aubrey | Montreal | 5 | 5 |
|

* Coleman, Charles L. (1966), *The Trail of the Stanley Cup, Vol. 1, 1893–1926 inc.*
* Podnieks, Andrew Lord Stanley Cup, Fenn Publishing Company, Ltd. 2004
* McKinley, Michael (1993), *The Official Book Hockey Hall of Fame Legends*, p. 66
* Bringall, Richard (2011), *The Forgotten Heroes – Winnipeg Hockey Heritage*, p. 28

Notes

## InfoBox

| 1896 AHAC season | |
| --- | --- |
| League | Amateur Hockey Association of Canada |
| Sport | Ice hockey |
| Duration | January 3 – March 7, 1896 |
| Number of teams | 5 |
| 1896 | |
| Champions | Montreal Victorias |


abstract: The Obusier de 200 "Pérou" sur affût-truck TAZ Schneider was a French railway gun built before and served throughout the First World War. It was one of the first French railway guns mounted on a standard gauge rail car during the First World War.

text:
# Obusier de 200 "Pérou" sur affût-truck TAZ Schneider

The **Obusier de 200 "*Pérou*" sur affût-truck TAZ Schneider** was a French railway gun built before and served throughout the First World War. It was one of the first French railway guns mounted on a standard gauge rail car during the First World War.

## History

Although the majority of combatants had heavy field artillery prior to the outbreak of the First World War, none had adequate numbers of heavy guns in service, nor had they foreseen the growing importance of heavy artillery once the Western Front stagnated and trench warfare set in. Since aircraft of the period were not yet capable of carrying large diameter bombs the burden of delivering heavy firepower fell on the artillery. Two sources of heavy artillery suitable for conversion to field use were surplus coastal defense guns and naval guns.

However, a paradox faced artillery designers of the time; while large caliber naval guns were common, large caliber land weapons were not due to their weight, complexity, and lack of mobility. Large caliber field guns often required extensive site preparation because the guns had to be broken down into multiple loads light enough to be towed by a horse team or the few traction engines of the time and then reassembled before use. Building a new gun could address the problem of disassembling, transporting and reassembling a large gun, but it didn't necessarily address how to convert existing heavy weapons to make them more mobile. Rail transport proved to be the most practical solution because the problems of heavy weight, lack of mobility and reduced setup time were addressed.

## Design

The Obusier de 200 "*Pérou*" sur affût-truck TAZ Schneider began life as two rail mounted coastal defense howitzers ordered by Peru in 1910 from Schneider that were produced at their Le Havre factory. The two howitzers were seized by the French Army when war broke out. The howitzers were designated as *Obusier* ("howitzer" in English), *sur affût-truck* "railway carriage mounted", and TAZ (from *Tous Azimuts*) "all azimuth" in English. The barrels were of built-up steel construction consisting of a rifled steel liner and protective outer jacket 15 calibers in length. The barrels were trunnioned at their center and were mounted on high-angle center pivot mounts and provided with gun shields. The howitzers incorporated a U-shaped hydro-pneumatic recoil mechanism below the barrel, interrupted screw breech and fired separate-loading, cased charges and projectiles. A disadvantage was that the 200 mm (7.9 in) ammunition was not used by any other French guns.

The howitzers were mounted on four-axle well base carriages and were top carriage traversing mounts with 360° of traverse. Once on site the carriage's outriggers would be unfolded and jackscrews at the ends of the outriggers lowered to level the carriage and take the weight off the axles while four rail clamps would anchor the carriage in place. A circular gun platform unfolded to give the gun crew a level work surface for loading, traversing and elevating the guns. The elevation system had a combination of a rapid system which lowered the barrel to +5° for reloading while a slow system allowed for small adjustments to vary range. Traverse was by a worm gear at the base of the mount which allowed for fine adjustment.

In service, the two guns formed a battery and they shared an ammunition wagon and a command wagon which had a telescopic observation post for an artillery spotter. Ammunition was transferred from the ammunition wagon to the howitzers by an elevated trough and the projectiles could be loaded on a cart which ran on a rail inside of the firing platform for loading. This allowed the howitzer to be loaded while facing any direction.

## Deployment

The mobile battery consists of four railroad cars. Two cars have an 8-inch rapid-fire gun, there is an ammunition car that is between the two gun cars, and a telescoping observation car. The advantages of the Schneider train were that it was less costly than a fixed battery of the same firepower; the train allowed a degree of secrecy since it was not in a fixed location; ease of maintenance since it could be stored in a train shed; there was no need to construct new roads for its use; and any railroad tracks laid for its use can also be used by passenger and freight haulage. The cars of the train were arranged with the train engine first, followed by the observation car, then the first gun car, the ammunition car, and then the second gun car. The observation car was placed near the engine so that the commanding officer could more easily place the train where required. The ammunition car was placed between the two gun cars to provide the shortest distance to move the artillery shells to each gun.

## World War I

The two guns were assigned to the *51e batterie du 1er R*é*giment d'Artillerie à Pied* or foot artillery regiment in English of the ALVF (*Artillerie Lourde sur Voie Ferrée*) or rail mounted heavy artillery in English. They first saw action in Belgium during 1914 in the Race to the Sea to protect Belgium's channel ports from a German offensive and served throughout the war.

## InfoBox

| Obusier de 200 "*Pérou*" sur affût-truck TAZ Schneider | |
| --- | --- |
| A howitzer with outriggers deployed and its firing platform unfolded. | |
| Type | Railway gun |
| Place of origin | France |
| Service history | |
| In service | 1914–1918 |
| Used by | France |
| Wars | World War I |
| Production history | |
| Designer | Schneider |
| Designed | 1914 |
| Produced | 1914 |
| No. built | 2 |
| Specifications | |
| Mass | 38,250 kg (84,330 lb) |
| Length | 12.09 m (39 ft 8 in) |
| Barrel length | 3 m (9 ft 10 in) L/15 |
| --- | |
| Shell | Separate-loading, cased charge and projectiles. |
| Shell weight | Projectile: 100 kg (220 lb)<br>Charge: 13 kg (29 lb) |
| Caliber | 200 mm (7.9 in) |
| Breech | Interrupted screw |
| Recoil | Hydro-pneumatic recoil |
| Carriage | Top carriage traverse on 4-axle carriage |
| Elevation | -5° to +60° |
| Traverse | 360° |
| Muzzle velocity | 425 m/s (1,395 ft/s) |
| Maximum firing range | 11 km (6.8 mi) |


title: Speed Is Dreaming

abstract: Speed Is Dreaming is the sophomore studio album by American alternative rock band St. Johnny and their first release for DGC Records.

text:
# Speed Is Dreaming

***Speed Is Dreaming*** is the sophomore studio album by American alternative rock band St. Johnny and their first release for DGC Records.

## Reception

Editors at AllMusic Guide rated this album four out of five stars, with critic Nitsuh Abebe opining that the band retained their characteristic melodic compositions, but having a major record label "cleans up some of the band's sound and tightens their songwriting". Andrew Earles highlighted the band's previous debut album *High as a Kite* in *Gimme Indie Rock: 500 Essential American Underground Rock Albums 1981-1996* and also called this album "near-excellent". A review in *Billboard*, noting that the "D.I.Y. spirit" is still present in the band's major-label debut. In an overview of the band's career for *Trouser Press*, Deborah Sprague notes that *Speed Is Dreaming* improves on the band's independent work and praises the interplay of Tom Leonard's layered guitar along with Bill Whitten's vocals.

## Track listing

1. "A Car or a Boy" (Jim Elliott, Wayne Letitia, and Bill Whitten) – 4:00
2. "I Hate Rock & Roll" (Elliott, Tom Leonard, Letitia, and Whitten) – 3:13
3. "Down the Drain" (Elliott, Leonard, Letitia, and Whitten) – 3:11
4. "I Give Up" (Elliott, Letitia, and Whitten) – 3:19
5. "What Was I Supposed to See" (Elliott, Leonard, and Whitten) – 2:54
6. "The Devil's Last Stand" (Elliott, Letitia, and Whitten) – 5:07
7. "You're Not My Friend" (Elliott, Letitia, and Whitten) – 0:16
8. "You Can't Win" (Elliott, Letitia, and Whitten) – 4:29
9. "Gran Mal" (Elliott, Letitia, and Whitten) – 3:00
10. "Everything Is Beautiful" (Leonard and Whitten) – 3:23
11. "Black Eye" (Elliott, Letitia, and Whitten) – 4:42
12. "Turbine" (Elliott, Letitia, and Whitten) – 4:58
13. "Stupid" (Elliott, Tom Leonard, Letitia, and Whitten) – 3:17

## Personnel

**St. Johnny**

**Additional personnel**

## InfoBox

| Speed Is Dreaming | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by St. Johnny | |
| Released | 1994 (1994) |
| Studio | Oz Recording Studios, Baltimore, Maryland, United States |
| Genre | Alternative rock |
| Length | 45:49 |
| Language | English |
| Label | DGC |
| Producer | St. Johnny |
| St. Johnny chronology | |
| *High as a Kite*
(1993) ***Speed Is Dreaming***
(1994) *Let It Come Down*
(1995) | |


title: Nancy Van de Vate

abstract: Nancy Jean Van de Vate was an American-born Austrian composer, violist and pianist. She also used the pseudonyms Helen Huntley and William Huntley. She is known for operas such as All Quiet on the Western Front, and orchestral music such as Chernobyl and Journeys, including concertos like the Kraków Concerto for percussion and orchestra. Van de Vate taught at several universities in the United States and led composers' organizations such as the Southeastern Composers League and the International League of Women Composers. In 1985, she moved to Vienna, where she taught and founded a CD company for new orchestral music together with her husband.

text:
# Nancy Van de Vate

**Nancy Jean Van de Vate** (née **Hayes**; December 30, 1930 – July 29, 2023) was an American-born Austrian composer, violist and pianist. She also used the pseudonyms **Helen Huntley** and **William Huntley**. She is known for operas such as *All Quiet on the Western Front*, and orchestral music such as *Chernobyl* and *Journeys*, including concertos like the *Kraków Concerto* for percussion and orchestra.

Van de Vate taught at several universities in the United States and led composers' organizations such as the Southeastern Composers League and the International League of Women Composers. In 1985, she moved to Vienna, where she taught and founded a CD company for new orchestral music together with her husband.

## Life and career

Nancy Jean Hayes was born in Plainfield, New Jersey, on December 30, 1930. Raised in Warren Township, New Jersey, she graduated from North Plainfield High School in 1948. She studied piano on a scholarship at Eastman School of Music and music theory at Wellesley College. She completed graduate degrees in music composition at the University of Mississippi and Florida State University, where she earned a Ph.D. She pursued further studies in electronic music at Dartmouth College and the University of New Hampshire. The first professional performance of her work was in 1958 the Adagio for orchestra.

Van de Vate taught at Memphis State University from 1964 to 1966. She also played viola in the Knoxville Symphony, founded a chapter of the National Organization for Women (NOW) in Tennessee, and directed the Southeastern Composers League. She taught at the University of Tennessee (1967), Knoxville College (1968–1969; 1971–1972) and Maryville College (1973–1974). She moved to Hawaii in 1975 where she first taught at the University of Hawaii, and from 1977 to 1980 at the Hawaii Loa College serving there also as Dean of Academic Affairs. She became influenced by Asian music; and moved to Indonesia in 1982 for three years.

In 1975, she founded the League of Women Composers and served as chairperson until 1982; it was renamed the International League of Women Composers in 1979, and was merged into the International Alliance for Women in Music in 1995.

She lived permanently in Vienna from 1985. In 1990 she founded a CD company together with her husband Clyde A. Smith, Vienna Modern Masters, dedicated to new music for orchestra; she directed it after her husband's death. She taught composition at the Institute for European Studies in Vienna (IES). In 2010, the IES named her Composer-in-Residence.

### Personal life

In 1952, Van de Vate married Dwight Van de Vate Jr. The couple had three children. They later divorced. She later married Clyde A. Smyth, who died of cancer in 1999.

Van de Vate died on July 29, 2023, at age 92, at home in Vienna.

## Work

Van de Vate composed seven operas, many orchestral works including concertos for one or more instruments, and chamber music. Her music has been seen as influenced by Prokofiev, Shostakovich, Penderecki, Crumb and Varèse.

Several of her compositions won international awards, and were nominated for the Pulitzer Prize, the orchestral work *Chernobyl* also for the Koussevitsky International Recording Award. Her works have been performed internationally.

### Recordings

Many of Van de Vate's works were recorded by her CD company Vienna Modern Masters (VMM). A CD of orchestral works was produced in 1990, named after *Distant Worlds*, and played by the Polish Radio Symphony Orchestra conducted by Szymon Kawalla Arnold Whittall reviewed the album for *Gramophone*; he summarized: "Her orchestral music undoubtedly makes its presence felt, especially by means of densely dissonant climaxes whose weight and seriousness are appropriate to works with such grandly evocative titles", adding that it "lacks that distinctiveness and magnetism".

Her *Chernobyl* and her Violin Concerto was recorded by the same performers on a 1988 CD of mainly works by Penderecki, titled after *Threnody to the Victims of Hiroshima*. Her *Krakow Concerto* became the title of a 1991 album by the same performers, including also her *Katyn*, Schoenberg's *A Survivor from Warsaw*, and Penderecki's Dies irae.

Her vocal composition *Cocaine Lil* was recorded by Dietburg Spohr and her ensemble belcanto, as the final track of a 1994 CD named after Hanns Eisler's *Woodburry-Liederbüchlein*.

### Opera

* *Hamlet* (2009) opera in five acts, after Shakespeare, recorded 2011, premiered by the University of Mississippi's Opera Theatre Group April 18, 2015
* *Where the Cross Is Made* (2003) opera in three acts, Libretto based on the play by Eugene O'Neill Premiere: 2005
* *Im Westen nichts Neues* (2002) opera in three acts, libretto after the novel by Erich Maria Remarque, premiere: September 28, 2003, Theater Osnabrück, directed by Thomas Münstermann
* *All Quiet on the Western Front* (1998) anti-war opera in three acts, premiere 2003, New York City Opera
* *Nemo: Jenseits von Vulkania* (1995) opera in four acts, libretto: Allen Cortes and Van de Vate recorded by VMM
* *Der Herrscher und das Mädchen* (1995) children's opera, premiered in Vienna 1995
* *The Death of the Hired Man* (*Der Tod des Tagelöhners*), (1958; rev. 1998) chamber opera, libretto: after Robert Frost, premiered in German 1999

### Orchestral

### Theatre music

### Music for strings

* String Quartet No. 2 (2005)
* Piano Trio (1983)
* String Trio (1974)
* Viola Sonata (1964)
* String Quartet No. 1 (1969)

### Music for percussion

* Suite for Marimba (2000)
* *Teufelstanz* (1988) for six percussionists

### Music for mixed ensembles

* Music for Viola, Percussion and Piano (1976)

### Choral music

### Keyboard instruments

* Twelve Pieces for Piano "On One to Twelve Notes" (1986) recorded in 2006 by Catherine Nardiello
* Fantasy for Harpsichord (1982)

## Further reading

* Laurdella Foulkes-Levy and Burt Levy, *Journeys Through the Life and Music of Nancy Van de Vate* (Scarecrow Press, 2005), OL 22621475M
* Sophie Fuller, *The Pandora Guide to Women Composers, Britain and the United States 1629–Present*
* Julie Anne Sadie and Rhian Samuel (eds.), *The New Grove Dictionary of Women Composers*
* *International Who's Who In Music and Musicians' Directory (in the Classical and Light Classical Fields)*, Volume One 1998/99, Sixteenth Edition

## InfoBox

| Nancy Van de Vate | |
| --- | --- |
| Van de Vate in the 1990s | |
| Born | Nancy Jean Hayes
(1930-12-30)December 30, 1930
Plainfield, New Jersey, U.S. |
| Died | July 29, 2023(2023-07-29) (aged 92)
Vienna, Austria |
| Other names | * Helen Huntley * William Huntley |
| Citizenship | * United States * Austria |
| Education |  |
| Occupations | * Composer * violist |
| Organizations |  |


title: Lewis Bungalow

abstract:
The Lewis Bungalow, the Lewis Barn, and the Fred Lewis Cottage, all located on W. 2nd North in Paris, Idaho were listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The Lewis Bungalow was listed April 13, 1983. It is a bungalow with front-facing gables and an outset, front porch.
(#83000267) 42.231445°N 111.405979°W The Fred Lewis Cottage was listed April 13, 1983.(#83000268) 42.231460°N 111.406350°W The Lewis Barn was listed November 18, 1982.(#82000282) 42.231992°N 111.405969°W By 2008 or 2017 the barn seems to be gone.

text:
# Lewis Bungalow

The **Lewis Bungalow**, the **Lewis Barn**, and the **Fred Lewis Cottage**, all located on W. 2nd North in Paris, Idaho were listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

The Lewis Bungalow was listed April 13, 1983. It is a bungalow with front-facing gables and an outset, front porch. (#83000267) 42°13′53″N 111°24′22″W / 42.231445°N 111.405979°W / 42.231445; -111.405979 (Lewis Bungalow, source:Doncram)

The Fred Lewis Cottage was listed April 13, 1983.(#83000268) 42°13′53″N 111°24′23″W / 42.231460°N 111.406350°W / 42.231460; -111.406350 (Fred Lewis Cottage, source:Doncram)

The Lewis Barn was listed November 18, 1982.(#82000282) 42°13′55″N 111°24′21″W / 42.231992°N 111.405969°W / 42.231992; -111.405969 (Lewis Barn, source:Doncram) By 2008 or 2017 the barn seems to be gone.

1. "National Register Information System". *National Register of Historic Places*. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
2. "Idaho State Historical Society Inventory: Lewis Bungalow". National Park Service. 1983. Retrieved October 16, 2017. With photo from 1979.
3. "Idaho State Historical Society Inventory: Fred Lewis Cottage". National Park Service. 1983. Retrieved October 16, 2017. With photo from 1979.
4. "Idaho State Historical Society Inventory: Lewis Barn". National Park Service. 1982. Retrieved October 16, 2017. With photo from 1979.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Lewis Bungalow
Fred Lewis Cottage
Lewis Barn | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| Fred Lewis Cottage | |
|  | |
| Location | W. 2nd, North, Paris, Idaho |
| Area | less than one acre |
| Architectural style | Bungalow/craftsman |
| MPS | Paris MRA |
| NRHP reference No. | 83000267, 83000268, 82000282 |
| Added to NRHP | April 13, 1983 |


title: WEBrick

abstract: WEBrick is a Ruby library providing simple HTTP web servers. It uses basic access authentication and digest access authentication for different kinds of servers that it can create - HTTP based server, HTTPS server, proxy server and virtual-host server. Construction of several non-HTTP servers such as the Day Time Server which uses the Daytime Protocol rather than the HTTP is also facilitated by WEBrick. It is used by the Ruby on Rails and Padrino frameworks to test applications in a development environment as well as production mode for small loads. It is now a part of Ruby standard library. WEBrick follows open-source distribution model.

text:
# WEBrick

**WEBrick** is a Ruby library providing simple HTTP web servers. It uses basic access authentication and digest access authentication for different kinds of servers that it can create - HTTP based server, HTTPS server, proxy server and virtual-host server. Construction of several non-HTTP servers such as the Day Time Server which uses the Daytime Protocol rather than the HTTP is also facilitated by WEBrick. It is used by the Ruby on Rails and Padrino frameworks to test applications in a development environment as well as production mode for small loads. It is now a part of Ruby standard library.

WEBrick follows open-source distribution model.

## History

WEBrick has originated from an idea in an article named "Internet Programming with Ruby" in Open Design, a Japanese Engineering magazine. It was initially developed as a toolkit for the development of HTTP servers using Ruby. Due to the nature of open source model and contributions from several Ruby developers across the world, WEBrick was greatly augmented and was eventually bundled as a standard library from Ruby 1.8.0. The WEBrick ERB Handler and WEBrick Proxy Server were first introduced in Ruby 1.9.3, while the WEBrick Virtual Host was included from Ruby 2.0.0.

## Usage

A WEBrick server understands only the language of servlets. It uses multiple independent servlets, joined together by the programmer, for handling CGI scripts, ERB pages, Ruby Blocks and directory listings to provide a web application or to service a request URI on a per-host or per-path basis. For example, HTTPServlet::FileHandler, HTTPServlet::ProcHandler, HTTPServlet::CGIHandler, HTTPServlet::ERBHandler are the examples of the standard servlets that WEBrick comes with.

WEBrick is included in Ruby and hence is available to the user at no additional cost. WEBrick has been written completely in Ruby and supports several standards such as HTTP, HTML and even RHTML. During the development stage, there is no necessity for the installation of a discrete web server since WEBrick is already built into the Rails framework. It is the default web server when the Ruby application is deployed without any procfile on Rails. Furthermore, since being implemented entirely in Ruby, direct calls can be made from WEBrick to the Rails application. On the whole, it provides a reliable, low configuration option for testing in development.

## Instantiating servers

### Instantiating an HTTP server

The following commands are used to start an HTTP Server at the required port.

```
# Include WEBrick class with require
require 'webrick'

# FileHandler servlet provides the option to choose which files from user to serve
# The following code shows how to serve them from the folder 'myapp'
root = File.expand_path '/var/myapp/'

# Instantiating a new server with HTTPServer.new on port 1234 serving the documents from root folder
server = WEBrick::HTTPServer.new :Port => 1234, :DocumentRoot => root

# The following proc is used to customize the server operations
server.mount_proc '/' do |request, response|
  response.body = 'Hello, world!'
end

# The following command will provide a hook to shut down the server (often done with Ctrl+C)
trap('INT') {server.shutdown}

# Start the server
server.start

```

Servlets can be mounted to provide advanced custom behavior as compared to a proc, to increase the modularity.

### Starting a virtual host

WEBrick creates a listening port. Various other ports as ‘virtual hosts’ can also be created at the same time which do not listen as shown below:

```
#Creating a virtual host that doesn't listen
vhost = WEBrick::HTTPServer.new :ServerName => 'vhost.example',
                                :DoNotListen => true, # ...

# Mounting the virtual host created above similar to the way HTTP server was mounted
vhost.mount '/', ...

# This host, when mounted to the listening server host, will now act as a virtual host
server.virtual_host vhost

```

:DocumentRoot should be provided or an instance of a servlet should be set up to service a request URI; otherwise a 404 error will be returned.

### Instantiating an HTTPS server

By just enabling SSL and providing an SSL certificate name, an HTTPS server can be initiated with a self-signed certificate that changes with every restart of the server.

```
# In addition to webrick, we will require webrick/https too for SSL functionalities
require 'webrick'
require 'webrick/https'

# Providing certificate name. This, however, will be a self-generated self-signed certificate
cert_name = [%w[CN localhost],]

# Enabling SSL and providing the certificate name will instantiate HTTPS server
server = WEBrick::HTTPServer.new(:Port => 1234,
                                 :SSLEnable => true,
                                 :SSLCertName => cert_name)

```

However, a pre-determined key and certificate can also be provided for instantiating HTTPS Server as shown below:

```
# In addition to the above two, we'll need openssl to read SSL certificates and keys
require 'openssl'

# Read the saved certificate and its signature key from the local directory
cert = OpenSSL::X509::Certificate.new File.read '/var/myapp/cert.pem'
pkey = OpenSSL::PKey::RSA.new File.read '/var/myapp/pkey.pem'

# Pass the certificate and the key as separate parameters while instantiating with HTTPServer.new
server = WEBrick::HTTPServer.new(:Port => 1234,
                                 :SSLEnable => true,
                                 :SSLCertificate => cert,
                                 :SSLPrivateKey => pkey)

```

### Starting a proxy server

WEBrick can also proxy GET, HEAD and POST requests:

```
# Instantiating a proxy server is similar, except that it is handled by HTTPProxyServer servlet
require 'webrick/httpproxy'
proxy = WEBrick::HTTPProxyServer.new :Port => 1234

# Providing the hook out from the current thread
trap 'INT' do proxy.shutdown end

```

## Limitations

Unlike most of the servers that are used in production, WEBrick is not scalable since it is a single threaded web server by default. Hence, multiple requests at the same time cannot be handled and the subsequent requests would have to wait till all the previous requests have been handled, incurring a large delay. Hence, developers prefer other multi-threaded full-fledged web servers like Lighttpd and Mongrel for deploying their Rails applications.

1. "Module: WEBrick (Ruby 2.3.1)". *ruby-doc.org*. Retrieved 2016-09-22.
2. Gnome's guide to WEBrick
3. "Release 1.8.2". 24 September 2024. Retrieved 26 September 2024.
4. Investigating the impacts of web servers on web application energy usage - IEEE
5. proc
6. Heroku Ruby default web server
7. NetBeans Ruby and Rails IDE with JRuby (FirstPress) *By Chris Kutler, Brian Leonard*

## InfoBox

WEBrick
| Original author(s) | Masayoshi Takahashi and Yuuzou Gotou and et al. |
| --- | --- |
| Developer(s) | Ruby Community |
|  | |
| Stable release | 1.8.2 / 24 September 2024 (24 September 2024) |
|  | |
| Repository |  |
| Written in | Ruby |
| Operating system | Cross-platform |
| Available in | Ruby |
| Type | Web Server |
| License | 2-Clause BSD License |
| Website | www.ruby-lang.org/en/ |


title: The Lucky Transfer

abstract: The Lucky Transfer is a 1915 American short drama film directed by Tod Browning. It was Browning's debut film as a director.

text:
# The Lucky Transfer

***The Lucky Transfer*** is a 1915 American short drama film directed by Tod Browning. It was Browning's debut film as a director.

## Cast

## InfoBox

| The Lucky Transfer | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Tod Browning |
| Written by | Russell E. Smith |
| Starring | Mary Alden<br>Tom Wilson |
| Release date | * March 10, 1915 (1915-03-10) |
| Running time | 1 reel |
| Country | United States |
| Language | Silent with English intertitles |


abstract: The 1897 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team represented the University of Minnesota in the 1897 Western Conference football season. The 1897 season was the second and final season under head coach Alexander Jerrems. The season started out well, but the team lost its last four games including all three of its conference games. The Ariel reported that there was a general opinion that the team's difficulties were the result of poor management. Jerrems was not asked to return and changes were made to the rules governing athletics at the university—managers would no longer be chosen by the students.

text:
# 1897 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team

1897 Western Conference football standings
|  | Conf | | | | |  |  | Overall | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Team | W |  | L |  | T |  |  | W |  | L |  | T |
| Wisconsin $ | 3 |  | 0 |  | 0 |  |  | 9 |  | 1 |  | 0 |
| Chicago | 3 |  | 1 |  | 0 |  |  | 11 |  | 1 |  | 0 |
| Michigan | 2 |  | 1 |  | 0 |  |  | 6 |  | 1 |  | 1 |
| Illinois | 1 |  | 1 |  | 0 |  |  | 6 |  | 2 |  | 0 |
| Purdue | 1 |  | 2 |  | 0 |  |  | 5 |  | 3 |  | 1 |
| Northwestern | 0 |  | 2 |  | 0 |  |  | 5 |  | 3 |  | 0 |
| Minnesota | 0 |  | 3 |  | 0 |  |  | 4 |  | 4 |  | 0 |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| * $  Conference champion | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

The **1897 Minnesota Golden Gophers football team** represented the University of Minnesota in the 1897 Western Conference football season. The 1897 season was the second and final season under head coach Alexander Jerrems. The season started out well, but the team lost its last four games including all three of its conference games. The Ariel reported that there was a general opinion that the team's difficulties were the result of poor management. Jerrems was not asked to return and changes were made to the rules governing athletics at the university—managers would no longer be chosen by the students.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance | Source |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| September 25 | South High School* | Minneapolis, MN | W 22–0 |  |  |
| October 2 | at Macalester* | St. Paul, MN | W 26–0 |  |  |
| October 9 | Carleton* | Minneapolis, MN | W 48–6 |  |  |
| October 16 | Grinnell* | Minneapolis, MN | W 6–0 |  |  |
| October 23 | at Iowa Agricultural* |  | L 10–12 |  |  |
| October 30 | Wisconsin | Minneapolis, MN (rivalry) | L 0–39 |  |  |
| November 13 | vs. Michigan |  | L 0–14 | 4,000 |  |
| November 25 | at Purdue |  | L 0–6 |  |  |
| * \*Non-conference game | | | | | |

## Roster

* *Ends*, Jack Harrison (captain and left end), C.R. Shipley (right end)
* *Tackles*, George A.E. Finlayson (left tackle), Claude Nicoulin (right tackle)
* *Guard*, A.M. Smith (left guard), A.K. Ingalls (right guard)
* *Center*, J.C. Winkjer
* *Quarterback*, George E. Cole
* *Halfbacks*, G.W. Evans (left half), S.W. Bagley (right half)
* *Fullback*, Harry C. Loomis
* *Trainer*, Edward "Dad" Moulton
* *Coach*, Alexander Jerrems.

## InfoBox

| 1897 Minnesota Golden Gophers football | |
| --- | --- |
| Conference | Western Conference |
| Record | 4–4 (0–3 Western) |
| Head coach |  |
| Captain | Jack Harrison |
|


title: Norman Breslow

abstract: Norman Edward Breslow was an American statistician and medical researcher. At the time of his death, he was Professor (Emeritus) of Biostatistics in the School of Public Health, of the University of Washington. He is co-author or author of hundreds of published works during 1967 to 2015. Among his many accomplishments is his work with co-author Nicholas Day that developed and popularized the use of case-control matched sample research designs, in the two-volume work Statistical Methods in Cancer Research. This was with view that matched sample studies have a role within larger program of many types of studies, in making progress on a vast and important problem like cancer. Matched sample studies can quickly and cheaply test some hypothesized relationships, but their apparent findings are not definitive, and there's much they cannot accomplish. Their results, however, can inform the design of slow and expensive longitudinal large-cohort studies that are definitive, for example. Dose-response studies and other studies, too, are elements of a rational scientific program to address cancer. In 2015, he died of prostate cancer. Breslow was an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Statistical Society of the U.K. His other professional awards an honors include: ``the Speigelman Gold Medal Award from the American Public Health Association (1978); the Snedecor Award (1995) and R.A. Fisher Award (1995) from the Committee of Presidents of Statistical Societies; the Nathan Mantel Award (2002) from the ASA Section on Statistics in Epidemiology; the Marvin Zelen Leadership Award in Statistical Science from Harvard University (2008); and the Medal of Honor, International Agency for Research on Cancer (2005)". He was also a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science at the same time as his father, Lester Breslow.

text:
# Norman Breslow

**Norman Edward Breslow** (February 21, 1941 – December 9, 2015) was an American statistician and medical researcher. At the time of his death, he was Professor (Emeritus) of Biostatistics in the School of Public Health, of the University of Washington. He is co-author or author of hundreds of published works during 1967 to 2015.

Among his many accomplishments is his work with co-author Nicholas Day that developed and popularized the use of case-control matched sample research designs, in the two-volume work *Statistical Methods in Cancer Research*. This was with view that matched sample studies have a role within larger program of many types of studies, in making progress on a vast and important problem like cancer. Matched sample studies can quickly and cheaply test some hypothesized relationships, but their apparent findings are not definitive, and there's much they cannot accomplish. Their results, however, can inform the design of slow and expensive longitudinal large-cohort studies that are definitive, for example. Dose-response studies and other studies, too, are elements of a rational scientific program to address cancer. In 2015, he died of prostate cancer.

Breslow was an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Statistical Society of the U.K. His other professional awards an honors include: \`\`the Speigelman Gold Medal Award from the American Public Health Association (1978); the Snedecor Award (1995) and R.A. Fisher Award (1995) from the Committee of Presidents of Statistical Societies; the Nathan Mantel Award (2002) from the ASA Section on Statistics in Epidemiology; the Marvin Zelen Leadership Award in Statistical Science from Harvard University (2008); and the Medal of Honor, International Agency for Research on Cancer (2005)". He was also a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science at the same time as his father, Lester Breslow.

## InfoBox

| Norman E. Breslow | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1941-02-21)February 21, 1941 |
| Died | December 9, 2015(2015-12-09) (aged 74) |
| Nationality | American |
| Alma mater | Stanford University |
| Awards | Snedecor Award (1995) |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Statistics |
| Institutions | University of Washington |
| Doctoral advisor | Bradley Efron |
| Doctoral students | Nilanjan Chatterjee, Kung-Yee Liang, Xihong Lin, Bruce G. Lindsay |
|  | |


title: Madawaska High School

abstract: Madawaska Middle/High School is a public secondary school, serving grades 7 through 12, located in Madawaska, Maine, United States. The school serves students in from Madawaska, Saint David, and Grand Isle. The building also hosts the area's adult education program. It was first established in the 1940s. Madawaska Middle/High school is in the Maine Principal's Association Class "C" for sports. The school's mascot is the owl. The school colors are blue and white.

text:
# Madawaska High School

**Madawaska Middle/High School** is a public secondary school, serving grades 7 through 12, located in Madawaska, Maine, United States. The school serves students in from Madawaska, Saint David, and Grand Isle. The building also hosts the area's adult education program. It was first established in the 1940s.

Madawaska Middle/High school is in the Maine Principal's Association Class "C" for sports. The school's mascot is the owl. The school colors are blue and white.

1. "Madawaska Middle/High School". National Center for Education Statistics. Retrieved February 19, 2019.

## InfoBox

| Madawaska Middle/High School | |
| --- | --- |
| Address | |
|  | |
| 135 Seventh Avenue
Madawaska, Aroostook, Maine 04756
United States | |
| Coordinates | 47°21′10″N 68°19′33″W / 47.3528°N 68.3257°W / 47.3528; -68.3257 |
| Information | |
| Authority | Madawaska School Department |
| Principal | Wayne Anderson |
| Grades | 7–12 |
| Gender | Boys and Girls |
| Age range | 12 to 20 years old |
| Number of students | 226 (2016–17) |
| Language | French, and English |
| Color(s) | Blue and White |
| Mascot | Owl |
| Team name | Madawaska Owls |
| Accreditation | New England Association of Schools and Colleges (NEASC) |
| Website | www.madawaskaschools.org/mmhs/ |


title: Oborniki

abstract: Oborniki is a town in west-central Poland, in Greater Poland Voivodeship, about 30 km (19 mi) north of Poznań. It is the capital of Oborniki County and of Gmina Oborniki. Its population is 18,176 (2005).

text:
# Oborniki

**Oborniki** \[ɔbɔrˈɲikʲi\] is a town in west-central Poland, in Greater Poland Voivodeship, about 30 km (19 mi) north of Poznań. It is the capital of Oborniki County and of Gmina Oborniki. Its population is 18,176 (2005).

## History

Oborniki was granted town rights before 1292. Duke Bolesław the Pious founded a Franciscan monastery in Oborniki in the 13th century. It was a royal town of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, administratively located in the Poznań County in the Poznań Voivodeship in the Greater Poland Province. It was frequently visited by King Władysław II Jagiełło. As a result of the Second Partition of Poland in 1793, it was annexed by Prussia. After the successful Greater Poland uprising of 1806, it was regained by Poles and became part of the short-lived Duchy of Warsaw. In 1815 it was annexed by Prussia for the second time. The townspeople fought in the struggles for liberation of Poland, including the November Uprising, Greater Poland uprising (1848), January Uprising and the victorious post-World War I Greater Poland Uprising, as a result of which the town was integrated with the reestablished Polish state in 1919.

After the joint German-Soviet invasion of Poland, which started World War II in September 1939, the town was occupied by Germany until 1945. The first expelled Poles were former insurgents of the Greater Poland Uprising, and the expulsions were carried out in early December 1939. The expellees were held for several days in a transit camp in the nearby village of Kowanówko, where they were robbed of money and valuables, and then they were deported in freight trains to Sokołów Podlaski in the General Government in the more-eastern part of German-occupied Poland. In 1940, a transit camp for Poles expelled from various villages in the county was operated in the town. Some of the Poles expelled in 1940 from the nearby Chodzież and Szamotuły counties were enslaved as forced labour in the town's vicinity. The Grey Ranks printed Polish underground press in Oborniki, which was distributed throughout the county. In August 1944, the Germans carried out mass arrests of local members of the Home Army, the leading Polish underground resistance organization.

## Sights

Among the historic landmarks of Oborniki are:

* the Market Square filled with historic townhouses
* the Church of the Assumption, dating back to the 15th century
* the timber-framed Holy Cross church
* the Gothic Revival Saint Joseph Church

## Cuisine

Oborniki is one of the production sites of the Greater Poland liliput cheese (*ser liliput wielkopolski*), a traditional regional Polish cheese, protected as a traditional food by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development of Poland.

## Sports

The local football team is Sparta Oborniki. It competes in the lower leagues.

## International relations

Oborniki is twinned with:

## InfoBox

| Oborniki | |
| --- | --- |
| Market Square (*Rynek*) in Oborniki | |
|  | |
| Oborniki | |
| Coordinates: 52°39′N 16°49′E / 52.650°N 16.817°E / 52.650; 16.817 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Greater Poland |
| County | Oborniki |
| Gmina | Oborniki |
| Town rights | 13th century |
| Area | |
| Total | 14.08 km2 (5.44 sq mi) |
| Population (2006) | |
| Total | 17,850 |
| Density | 1,300/km2 (3,300/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 64-600 |
| Area code | +48 61 |
| License plates | POB |
| Website | https://www.oborniki.pl/ |


title: Speech Processing Solutions

abstract: Speech Processing Solutions is an international electronics company headquartered in Vienna, Austria. The company designs, develops, manufactures and markets speech processing devices, such as those used in digital dictation and speech recognition. Speech Processing Solutions was formed on 1 July 2012. Philips Speech Processing was part of the Philips Consumer Lifestyle sector. Speech Processing Solutions is now an official licensee of the Philips brand. The company has subsidiaries in the US, Canada, Australia, the United Kingdom, Belgium, France and Germany, and employs around 170 people worldwide.

text:
# Speech Processing Solutions

**Speech Processing Solutions** is an international electronics company headquartered in Vienna, Austria. The company designs, develops, manufactures and markets speech processing devices, such as those used in digital dictation and speech recognition. Speech Processing Solutions was formed on 1 July 2012. Philips Speech Processing was part of the Philips Consumer Lifestyle sector. Speech Processing Solutions is now an official licensee of the Philips brand. The company has subsidiaries in the US, Canada, Australia, the United Kingdom, Belgium, France and Germany, and employs around 170 people worldwide.

## History

**Philips Speech Processing** was founded in 1954, when the first dictation machine was produced in Vienna. In 1957, the first cassette-based dictation machine followed. One of the company's achievements was the development of the Mini-Cassette (also referred to as minicassette) in 1967. The Mini-Cassette had a tape cassette format, mainly for the use with dictation recorders, which is still today's standard in professional analog dictation. The cassettes were subsequently used in the Philips Pocket Memo devices, which were launched in the same year.

In 1989, Philips Speech Processing was awarded the ISO 9000 certification for quality assurance. At the time, the company was the first to receive such a distinction in Austria. 1991 marked the launch of Voice System 4000, which became a standard for hospitals worldwide. In 1994 Philips Speech Processing won the IF Design Award for their Pocket Memo 293. In 1995 the company developed SpeechNote, a dictation and transcription software.

In 1996, Philips, Grundig, and Olympus established the International Voice Association and defined the Digital Speech Standard (DSS), a proprietary compressed digital audio file format. It offers high audio quality for voice recording and is therefore suitable for voice recognition. The format allows files to be stored in a highly compressed form, reducing file size, network traffic, and required storage capacity. The format also allows the user to attach additional information, such as a client or patient name, or a document type number, which is then stored in the file header.

In the same year, Philips Speech Processing also launched their first digital mobile device, the Philips SpeechPad. This was followed in 1998 by the launch of SpeechMike, the first digital dictation microphone with PC navigation and the introduction of SpeechMike Executive software. In 2002, Philips Speech Processing received a Lyreco Award for Best Supplier in Dictation Products, followed by the Merkur Award for Innovations from the Austrian Chamber of Commerce in 2003. The firm also launched their new range of dictation devices aimed at the consumer market in that year, the Digital Voice Tracers.

In 2004 the company launched the Digital Pocket Memo 9450 VC, at the time the first handheld dictation recorder with integrated voice commands, and received the IF Design Award for it in 2005. In 2004 Philips also introduced the first clip-on barcode module scanner for digital mobile devices. Philips also created the new SpeechExec software, a solution aimed at professional users, providing them with a full dictation workflow package.

In 2008 Philips sold the related division Speech Recognition Systems to Nuance Communications.

In 2009 Philips Speech Processing launched their first wireless desktop dictation device, the SpeechMike Air, as well as a dictation solution for mobile phones.

2012 Philips sold its Speech Processing unit to Invest AG, the private equity arm of Raiffeisen Banking Group Upper Austria.

In the same year Speech Processing Solutions introduced its new stationary digital dictation device, the SpeechMike Premium, with integrated motion sensor and antimicrobial surface. Also the Philips dictation recorder app for smartphones (iPhone, Android and BlackBerry) was launched.

The latest product innovation from Speech Processing Solutions came in 2013, the launch of the Pocket Memo 8000 series. Nuance awarded the Digital Pocket Memo (DPM) 8000 series with the highest Dragon Score (6 out of 6).

In 2014 Speech Processing Solutions introduced its new cloud software called SpeechLive. It is a cloud-based workflow solution dedicated to dictation.

## Products

The company's core businesses are in hardware and software related to speech processing solutions. Its products include:

* Philips SpeechMike USB dictation microphone
* Philips Pocket Memo voice recorder
* Philips SpeechExec dictation workflow software
* Philips Voice Tracer digital voice recorder
* Philips dictation recorder app
* Philips SpeechLive cloud dictation solution

## InfoBox

Speech Processing Solutions
|
|  |
| Industry | Electronics |
| Predecessor | Philips Speech Processing |
| Headquarters | Vienna, Austria |
| Area served | Worldwide |
| Key people | Thomas Brauner (President and CEO) |
| Products | Speech processing devices |
| Owner | Invest AG |
| Number of employees | ~170 |


title: Nancy Vickers (writer)

abstract: Nancy Vickers is a Canadian writer based in Ottawa, Ontario. She is most noted as winner of the 1997 Trillium Book Award, French for her novel Le Pied de Sappho. Born and raised in Arvida, Quebec, she has lived in Ottawa since 1967. She published her first poetry collection, Au parfum du sommeil, in 1989. She was also a Trillium nominee in 2009 for Aeterna: Le jardin des immortelles and in 2023 for Capharnaum, and has been a two-time Ottawa Book Award winner for La Petite Vieille aux poupées in 2003 and Capharnaum in 2023. She is the mother of filmmaker Karim Hussain.

text:
# Nancy Vickers (writer)

**Nancy Vickers** (born 1946) is a Canadian writer based in Ottawa, Ontario. She is most noted as winner of the 1997 Trillium Book Award, French for her novel *Le Pied de Sappho*.

Born and raised in Arvida, Quebec, she has lived in Ottawa since 1967. She published her first poetry collection, *Au parfum du sommeil*, in 1989.

She was also a Trillium nominee in 2009 for *Aeterna: Le jardin des immortelles* and in 2023 for *Capharnaum*, and has been a two-time Ottawa Book Award winner for *La Petite Vieille aux poupées* in 2003 and *Capharnaum* in 2023.

She is the mother of filmmaker Karim Hussain.

## Works

* *Au parfum du sommeil* \- 1989
* *La Montagne de verre* \- 1993
* *Le Trône des maléfices* \- 1994
* *Les sorcières de Chanterelles* \- 1996
* *Le pied de Sappho* \- 1996
* *Tchador* \- 1998
* *Les nuits de la Joconde* \- 1999
* *L'hermaphrodite endormi* \- 1999
* *Les satins du diable* \- 2002
* *La Petite Vieille aux poupées* \- 2003
* *Aeterna: Le jardin des immortelles* \- 2009
* *Capharnaum* \- 2022


title: Letícia Santos

abstract: Letícia Santos de Oliveira, commonly known as Letícia Santos, is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a defender for Corinthians and the Brazil women's national team.

text:
# Letícia Santos

**Letícia Santos de Oliveira** (born 2 December 1994), commonly known as **Letícia Santos**, is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a defender for Corinthians and the Brazil women's national team.

## Club career

In January 2015 Letícia transferred from São José to Avaldsnes IL of the Norwegian Toppserien. After two seasons in Norway she signed for the German club SC Sand. She extended her contract a year later after her performances impressed the team's coach. In June 2019, Letícia was transferred from SC Sand to 1. FFC Frankfurt.

## International career

With the Brazil women's national under-20 football team, she attended the FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup in 2014.

She was selected by the senior Brazil women's national football team for the first time in March 2017 for a friendly against Bolivia in Manaus. She started the match and assisted Marta for Brazil's third goal in their 6–0 win. In October 2017, Letícia was recalled to the senior national team for the 2017 Yongchuan International Tournament as a replacement for regular right-back Fabiana who withdrew with a knee sprain.

1. The "Santos" distinguishes her from her Brazilian international teammate Letícia Izidoro Lima da Silva, who is typically known simply as ***Letícia***.
1. "LETICIA SANTOS". *FIFA*. Archived from the original on 8 June 2019. Retrieved 7 June 2020.
2. "Letícia Santos". *Eurosport*. Retrieved 7 June 2020.
3. "List of Players – Brazil" (PDF). FIFA. 4 August 2014. p. 1. Retrieved 25 February 2019.
4. Kristiansen, Geir-Å. (4 January 2015). "Fra Brasil til Avaldsnes" (in Norwegian). Haugesunds Avis. Retrieved 25 February 2019.
5. Nunes Loreto, Bruno (12 February 2018). "Lateral-direita brasileira renova contrato com time da Alemanha" (in Portuguese). Torcedores.com. Retrieved 25 February 2019.
6. "Brasilianerin kommt nach WM zum FFC" (in German). 1. FFC Frankfurt. Retrieved 28 June 2019.
7. Leme de Arruda, Marcelo; do Nascimento Pereira, André (28 August 2014). "Seleção Brasileira Sub-20 Feminina (Women's U-20 Brazilian National Team) 2002–2014". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Archived from the original on 10 July 2015. Retrieved 25 February 2019.
8. Seixas, Rodrigo (13 March 2017). "Letícia Santos: é de Atibaia, é do Brasil" (in Portuguese). Correio de Atibaia. Retrieved 25 February 2019.
9. "Sands Brasilianerin Leticia: "Ein Traum ist in Erfüllung gegangen"" (in German). German Football Association. 2 July 2017. Retrieved 25 February 2019.
10. "Letícia está convocada para a Seleção Brasileira" (in Portuguese). Brazilian Football Confederation. 6 October 2017. Retrieved 25 February 2019.

## InfoBox

Letícia Santos
| Playing for SC Sand in October 2017 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | Letícia Santos de Oliveira | | |
| Date of birth | (1994-12-02) 2 December 1994 | | |
| Place of birth | Atibaia, São Paulo, Brazil | | |
| Height | 1.58 m (5 ft 2 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Defender | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | Corinthians | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2014 | XV de Piracicaba |  |  |
| 2014 | São José |  |  |
| 2015–2016 | Avaldsnes IL | 44 | (2) |
| 2017–2019 | SC Sand | 47 | (2) |
| 2019–2023 | Eintracht Frankfurt | 28 | (0) |
| 2024– | Corinthians | 0 | (0) |
| International career | | | |
| 2017– | Brazil | 38 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 2 July 2020 (UTC)<br>‡ National team caps and goals, correct as of 01:45, 14 August 2022 (UTC) | | | |


title: W.L. (album)

abstract: W.L. is the debut studio album by Scottish indie rock band the Snuts, released on 2 April 2021 through Parlophone. It entered at number 1 on the UK Albums Chart, making it the first debut album by a Scottish band to do so since the View's Hats Off to the Buskers in 2007.

text:
# W.L. (album)

***W.L.*** is the debut studio album by Scottish indie rock band the Snuts, released on 2 April 2021 through Parlophone. It entered at number 1 on the UK Albums Chart, making it the first debut album by a Scottish band to do so since the View's *Hats Off to the Buskers* in 2007.

## Background and release

Formed in 2015, the Snuts gained a strong following playing what they describe as "anthemic indie rock" and in November 2018 the band signed with big label Parlophone. In March 2020, the band released their *Mixtape EP*, showcasing some different influences and styles, and it was met with success, peaking in the Top 20 of the UK Albums Chart.

The album, *W.L.*, was announced on 3 December 2020, with lead singer Jack Cochrane describing it as "our lifetime work. It’s a collection of milestones and melodies that time stamp a dream we had becoming a reality". The *Mixtape EP* was released just over a week before the UK went into lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic, meaning that the band were unable to tour. The band decided they would wait until the end of the pandemic to release *W.L.*, but after "sitting on the record for three years" and with no "resemblance of normality anytime soon", they decided that the album needed to be released. The album was then meant to be released on 19 March 2021, but was delayed for two weeks in order "to combat potential freight delays caused by Brexit and Covid-19". In order to promote the album, the Snuts performed an exclusive live stream gig at Stirling Castle on 26 March, which was then released on 7 April as a live album. Cochrane also played an acoustic set inside Hamilton Mausoleum, which was then aired on the BBC Scotland music show *TUNE*.

## Singles and composition

The album features a total of 8 singles and the album collates the majority of the Snuts' previously released songs. "All Your Friends" was the band's first proper release on Parlophone in May 2019 and along with "Coffee & Cigarettes" appeared on the *Mixtape EP*. On this EP were also the songs "Boardwalk" and "Don't Forget It (Punk)", which are included on *W.L.*. "Elephants" peaked at number 2 on the Scottish Singles Chart upon release in June 2020 and "Always" topped the chart in December 2020, making it the last number one before the chart was discontinued. "Somebody Loves You" was released on 4 February 2021 in support of the Scottish Refugee Council.

"Glasgow" and "Sing for Your Supper" were the band's debut and third single, respectively, released in 2016. They were, however, demo versions and the versions on *W.L.* have been re-recorded. The new version of "Glasgow" was used in a clip to announce the album. On re-recording "Glasgow", Cochrane described it as "heartbreaking", adding "you just try to do it justice. People already loved it, so we basically just got a bottle of wine each and recorded it live to just try to keep as much of that youthful about what we were doing." "Glasgow" was then released as the final single from the album on 1 April 2021, with Cochrane saying that he wanted it "to be the song that kind of introduces this record into the world".

Cochrane has said that many of the tracks were written 10 years ago, when they were around 15 years old. The opening track, the stripped down "Top Deck" is one such example, with the first verse written then, but the second verse was written when recording the album. "Always" is a heartfelt and emotional love song, which shows the band's creativity and progression. The next song, "Juan Belmomte" is an indie rock and roll song, named after the Spanish bullfighter. "All Your Friends" is a "new twist on a familiar social stigma around the drug epidemic that nobody seems to want to talk about". The next track, "Somebody Loves You" is similar to "Always" in that it is a heartfelt and poignant song. It was inspired after Cochrane saw the words "Somebody Loves You" spray painted across Glasgow and is about not taking the small things for granted. "No Place I'd Rather Go" is about missing home and people and had been performed live in 2018 during a concert at the SWG3 in Glasgow.

"Boardwalk" is "set in a stripped back, almost melancholic atmosphere accompanied by intricate guitars and a choir of angels, it shows a more delicate side to their songwriting and shines a spotlight on Jack’s uniquely raw vocals." The following track, "Maybe California" was described as "a true statement piece, oozing indie flair and elevating the band’s fresh and authentic sound". "Don’t Forget It (Punk)" features thrashing guitars and is a comeback to bands who slated them at the beginning, as the band, coming from Whitburn, didn't fit into either the Edinburgh or Glasgow music scene. "Coffee & Cigarettes" is "a song that celebrates the simpler things in life" and harks back to garage rock. "Elephants" is a more poppy song, again showing the band's diverse catalogue, and "is about believing in your own ability in times of struggle and diversity".

The deluxe edition features four tracks that are stripped back and/or acoustic. Cochrane said that "with the deluxe \[edition\] it's important to try and get the stuff that you would really love to get out there, that maybe never got finished in time". The track "4 Baillie Street" refers to where one of Cochrane's friends lived in Whitburn and they would gather in his loft.

## Recording

The album features songs produced by several producers. The band recorded the singles "Elephants", "Always", "Glasgow", the previously unreleased "No Place I'd Rather Go" and the new version of "Sing for Your Supper" at The Firepit in London with producer Tony Hoffer. "Boardwalk" (with additional production by Hoffer), "All My Friends", "Coffee & Cigarettes" and "Microwave" were recorded at DTLA Studios and Serenity Studios in Los Angeles with producer Inflo who is not credited on the album. "Maybe California" was produced by Rich Costey and recorded at Eastcote Studios in London. "Juan Belmonte" was produced by both Inflo and Costey, with recording split between Los Angeles and London. "Don't Forget It (Punk)" was originally produced by Inflo in Los Angeles; however, Cochrane said that "we had some differences with that song", so when the band went back to Glasgow, they decided to record it themselves at 3Lamps Studio, with production by Cochrane. "Somebody Loves You" was recorded at Club Ralph in London with producer by Mark Ralph. The first track, "Top Deck", as well as the remaining three bonus tracks, "Blur Beat", "4 Baillie Street" and "Waterbirds", were produced by Cochrane and engineer Richard Woodcraft at The Firepit.

## Packaging and title

The album is available on CD, vinyl and cassette as well as on download and streaming services. The standard release features 13 tracks, whereas the deluxe version features an additional 4 tracks. There were also a further 3 tracks which were exclusively available through pre-order on iTunes. The deluxe version features a slightly different artwork and the CD release will come in a softpack casing, whereas the standard is in a jewel case. The cassette release is available with four different O-card cover sleeves, a photo of each member of the band.

The album title is commonly incorrectly believed to refer to West Lothian. However, it in fact refers to 'Whitburn Loopy', with Cochran's saying "every town in Scotland has what we call young teams, but it's basically gangs. It's a nod to how we started out on the streets and in the forest, playing the guitar, drinking cider and stuff like that. I feel like because the record is such a progression, it's nice to name it something that meant a lot to us back then."

## Reception and chart performance

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| *Belfast Telegraph* | 6/10 |
| *Dork* |  |
| *Far Out* | 8/10 |
| *Gigwise* | 7/10 |
|  |  |
| *The Independent* |  |
| *NME* |  |
| *The Scotsman* |  |

The album was overall met with positive reviews. Reviewing for the *NME*, Nick Reilly wrote that the band "deliver a record of impressive contrasts" and that "come festival season, should we have one, you sense that this genre-hopping gamble will pay off; it’s more ample proof that guitar music doesn’t just have a place in 2021, but that listeners are in tune enough to embrace and support its variety." Connor Fenton for *Dork* concluded that the Snuts "manage to invoke a lifetime of feeling in just thirteen bangers that are bursting with adrenaline and melancholy alike. 'W.L' is a masterclass in ballads and risk-taking that proves music works best when it comes from the heart."

*W.L.* topped the UK Albums Chart with sales of 20,455 album-equivalent units (of which 1,392 were streaming sales). However, it was a close race with Demi Lovato's comeback album *Dancing with the Devil... the Art of Starting Over*; in the end there were only 272 chart sales between the two. The Snuts were helped out by Lewis Capaldi who recorded a message on social media asking his fans to buy *W.L.*. Cochrane later said that he "owed him \[Capaldi\] a few pints" and that "it was nice of him to come out of hiding and do his bit for the young team". Following the number-one chart position, *W.L.* dipped to number 17 the following week, before disappearing from the top 100 the week after. On the Scottish Albums Chart, *W.L.* fared better – after topping the chart, it remained in the top-10 for a further two weeks and in total has spent 30 non-consecutive weeks in the top 100.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by the Snuts (Jack Cochrane, Callum Wilson, Joe McGillveray and Jordan Mackay), except where noted

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Top Deck" |  | 2:38 |
| 2. | "Always" |  | 3:23 |
| 3. | "Juan Belmonte" |  | 3:11 |
| 4. | "All Your Friends" |  | 3:28 |
| 5. | "Somebody Loves You" | * The Snuts * Aiden Halliday | 3:26 |
| 6. | "Glasgow" |  | 4:26 |
| 7. | "No Place I'd Rather Go" |  | 4:10 |
| 8. | "Boardwalk" |  | 3:37 |
| 9. | "Maybe California" |  | 2:21 |
| 10. | "Don't Forget It (Punk)" |  | 2:10 |
| 11. | "Coffee & Cigarettes" | * The Snuts * Inflo | 2:45 |
| 12. | "Elephants" |  | 3:23 |
| 13. | "Sing for Your Supper" |  | 6:19 |
| Total length: | | | 45:17 |

Deluxe edition
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 14. | "Blur Beat" | 3:25 |
| 15. | "4 Baillie Street" | 3:25 |
| 16. | "Microwave" | 3:39 |
| 17. | "Waterbirds" | 3:05 |
| Total length: | | 58:51 |

iTunes exclusive pre-order only tracks
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 18. | "Somebody Loves You" (One Take in the Firepit) | * The Snuts * Aiden Halliday | 3:03 |
| 19. | "Top Deck" (Alternative Version) |  | 3:16 |
| 20. | "Idols" |  | 2:13 |
| Total length: | | | 67:23 |

## Personnel

**The Snuts**

* Jack Cochrane – lead vocals (1–17), guitar (1–15, 17), piano (16)
* Callum Wilson – bass guitar (2–13, 16), backing vocals (10)
* Joe McGillveray – guitar (2–13, 16), backing vocals (10)
* Jordan Mackay – drums (2–13, 16), backing vocals (5, 6, 10)

**Additional musicians**

* Ian Burdge – cello (1, 14, 15, 17)
* Tony Hoffer – guitar (2)
* Richard Woodcraft – synthesiser (10)

**Technical**

* Tony Hoffer – producer (2, 6, 7, 12, 13), additional production (8), mixing (2, 4, 6–8, 11–13)
* Rich Costey – producer (3, 9), mixing (3, 9)
* Inflo – producer (3, 4, 8, 11, 16)
* Mark Ralph – producer (5), mixing (5)
* Jack Cochrane – producer (1, 10, 14, 15, 17), creative direction
* Richard Woodcraft – producer (1, 14, 15, 17), engineer (1, 2, 6, 7, 12–15, 17), mixing (1, 10, 14–17)
* Cameron Lister – assistant engineer (2, 6, 7, 12, 13)
* Nathaniel Graham – assistant engineer (2, 6, 7, 12, 13)
* Adam 'Cecil' Bartlett – engineer (3, 9)
* Tom Campbell – engineer (3, 4, 8, 11, 16)
* Josh Green – engineer (5)
* Gemma Chester – assistant engineer (5)
* Christopher 'Hof' Goldie – engineer (10)
* Matt Colton – mastering (1, 2, 5–7, 10, 12–17)
* Joe LaPorta – mastering (3, 4, 8, 9, 11)
* Mike Lythgoe – creative direction, design
* Callum Wilson – illustrations
* Francesca Costa – artwork commissioner
* Ronan Park – cover photography
* Gary Williamson – booklet photography

## Charts

Chart performance for *W.L.*
| Chart (2021) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Scottish Albums (OCC) | 1 |
| UK Albums (OCC) | 1 |
| UK Album Downloads (OCC) | 1 |
| UK Vinyl Albums (OCC) | 1 |

## Certifications

Certifications for *W.L.*
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| United Kingdom (BPI) | Silver | 60,000 |
| Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## InfoBox

| W.L. | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by the Snuts | |
| Released | 2 April 2021 (2021-04-02) |
| Recorded | 2019–2021 |
| Studio | * The Firepit, London * DTLA Studios, Los Angeles * Serenity Studios, Los Angeles * Club Ralf, London * Eastcote Studios, London * 3Lamps Studio, Glasgow |
| Genre | Indie rock |
| Length | 45:17 |
| Label | Parlophone |
| Producer |  |
| The Snuts chronology | |
| *Mixtape*
(2020) ***W.L.***
(2021) *W.L. (Live from Stirling Castle)*
(2021) | |
|  | |
| The Snuts studio albums chronology | |
| ***W.L.***
(2021) *Burn the Empire*
(2022) | |
| Deluxe cover | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *W.L.* | |
| 1. "All Your Friends"
Released: 23 May 2019 2. "Maybe California"
Released: 6 September 2019 3. "Juan Belmonte"
Released: 18 August 2019 4. "Coffee & Cigarettes"
Released: 28 February 2020 5. "Elephants"
Released: 11 June 2020 6. "Always"
Released: 2 October 2020 7. "Somebody Loves You"
Released: 4 February 2021 8. "Glasgow"
Released: 1 April 2021 | |
|  | |


title: The Last Romantic

abstract: The Last Romantic is a documentary filmed within the home of concert pianist Vladimir Horowitz. The film contains mainly performances of classical works, but also provides an intimate look into Horowitz's private life.

text:
# The Last Romantic

***The Last Romantic*** is a documentary filmed within the home of concert pianist Vladimir Horowitz. The film contains mainly performances of classical works, but also provides an intimate look into Horowitz's private life.

## Description

*The Last Romantic* is a documentary filmed at Vladimir Horowitz's townhouse on the Upper East Side of New York. It features many performances of some of the pieces of Horowitz's favorite repertoire and sheds light on his thoughts and opinions on music.

During the film Horowitz often jokes and talks about his favorite composers: his friend Sergei Rachmaninoff, Frédéric Chopin, and Alexander Scriabin. Horowitz's wife, Wanda, also contributes her share to the discussions; she shows photo albums and reminisces about their past.

## Performances

These are the pieces performed in the film (In order of performance):

1. Chorale Prelude BWV659 *Nun komm, der Heiden Heiland* (Bach arr. Busoni)
2. Piano Sonata No. 10 in C major, K330 (Mozart)
3. Impromptu in A-flat major, D899 No. 4 (Schubert)
4. Mazurka No. 13 in A minor, Op. 17 No. 4 (Chopin)
5. Scherzo No. 1 in B minor, Op. 20 (Chopin)
6. Consolation, S. 172 No. 3 in D flat major (Liszt)
7. Prelude Op. 32 No. 12 in G-sharp minor (Rachmaninoff)
8. Novelette in F major, Op. 21 No. 1 (Schumann)
9. Étude Op. 2 No. 1 in C-sharp minor (Scriabin)
10. Polonaise No. 6 in A-flat major, Op. 53 'Héroïque' (Chopin)

### Outtakes

Three additional performances were released as a bonus DVD from the 2003 release *Horowitz Live and Unedited*.

1. Etude in G-flat major, Op. 10 No. 5 (Chopin)
2. Etude in F major, Op. 72 No. 6 (Moszkowski)
3. Au bord d'une source (Liszt)

## InfoBox

| *The Last Romantic* | |
| --- | --- |
| Horowitz during the film | |
| Also known as | Vladimir Horowitz: The Last Romantic |
| Genre | Biography
Documentary
Music |
| Directed by | David Maysles
Albert Maysles |
| Starring | Vladimir Horowitz
Wanda Toscanini Horowitz |
| Country of origin | United States |
| Original language | English |
| Production | |
| Executive producer | Susan Frömke |
| Producer | Peter Gelb |
| Production location | New York City |
| Cinematography | Albert Maysles |
| Editors | Deborah Dickson, Patricia Jaffe |
| Running time | 89 minutes |
| Production company | Geneon (Pioneer) |
| Original release | |
| Network | PBS |
| Release | November 15, 1985 (1985-11-15) |


title: 1914 Maine Black Bears football team

abstract: The 1914 Maine Black Bears football team was an American football team that represented the University of Maine during the 1914 college football season. The team compiled a 6–3 record. David Baker was the team captain. Passing game innovator Eddie Cochems was hired as Maine's head football coach in April 1914. He served only one season as Maine's head coach.

text:
# 1914 Maine Black Bears football team

The **1914 Maine Black Bears football team** was an American football team that represented the University of Maine during the 1914 college football season. The team compiled a 6–3 record. David Baker was the team captain.

Passing game innovator Eddie Cochems was hired as Maine's head football coach in April 1914. He served only one season as Maine's head coach.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance | Source |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| September 21 | Fort McKinley* |  | W 46–2 |  |  |
| September 28 | at Yale* |  | L 0–20 |  |  |
| October 3 | Boston College* | * Alumni Field * Orono, ME | W 26–7 |  |  |
| October 10 | vs. Vermont* | Manchester, NH | W 21–0 |  |  |
| October 17 | Norwich* | * Alumni Field * Orono, ME | W 64–0 |  |  |
| October 24 | Bates | * Alumni Field * Orono, ME | W 37–0 |  |  |
| October 31 | at Colby |  | L 0–14 |  |  |
| November 7 | Bowdoin | * Alumni Field * Orono, ME | W 27–0 |  |  |
| November 14 | at Army* |  | L 0–28 |  |  |
| * \*Non-conference game | | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| 1914 Maine Black Bears football | |
| --- | --- |
| Conference | Maine Intercollegiate Athletic Association |
| Record | 6–3 (2–1 MIAA) |
| Head coach |  |
| Captain | David Baker |
| Home stadium | Alumni Field |
|


title: North Carolina's 20th House district

abstract: North Carolina's 20th House district is one of 120 districts in the North Carolina House of Representatives. It has been represented by Republican Ted Davis Jr. since 2021.

text:
# North Carolina's 20th House district

**North Carolina's 20th House district** is one of 120 districts in the North Carolina House of Representatives. It has been represented by Republican Ted Davis Jr. since 2021.

## Geography

Since 2013, the district has included part of New Hanover County. The district overlaps with the 7th Senate district.

## District officeholders since 1983

| Representative | Party | Dates | Notes | Counties |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Billy Creech** | Republican | January 1, 1993 –
January 1, 2003 | Redistricted from the multi-member district.
Redistricted to the 26th district. | **1993–2003**
Parts of Franklin, Nash, and Johnston counties. |
| **Dewey Hill** | Democratic | January 1, 2003 –
January 1, 2013 | Redistricted to the 46th district and retired. | **2003–2005**
Parts of Columbus and Brunswick counties. |
| | | | | **2005–2013**
All of Columbus County.
Part of Brunswick County. |
| **Rick Catlin** | Republican | January 1, 2013 –
August 15, 2016 | Resigned. | **2013–Present**
Part of New Hanover County. |
| *Vacant* | | August 15, 2016 –
August 29, 2016 |  | |
| **Holly Grange** | Republican | August 29, 2016 –
January 1, 2021 | Appointed to finish Catlin's term.
Retired to run for Governor. | |
| **Ted Davis Jr.** | Republican | January 1, 2021 –
Present | Redistricted from the 19th district. | |

## Election results

### 2022

North Carolina House of Representatives 20th district general election, 2022
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **Ted Davis Jr. (incumbent)** | **19,075** | **51.14%** |
|  | Democratic | Amy Block DeLoach | 18,228 | 48.86% |
| Total votes | | | **37,303** | **100%** |
|  | Republican **hold** | | | |

### 2020

North Carolina House of Representatives 20th district Republican primary election, 2020
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **Ted Davis Jr. (incumbent)** | **6,241** | **76.52%** |
|  | Republican | Justin LaNasa | 1,915 | 23.48% |
| Total votes | | | **8,156** | **100%** |

North Carolina House of Representatives 20th district general election, 2020
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **Ted Davis Jr. (incumbent)** | **28,119** | **55.33%** |
|  | Democratic | Adam Ericson | 22,703 | 44.67% |
| Total votes | | | **50,822** | **100%** |
|  | Republican **hold** | | | |

### 2018

North Carolina House of Representatives 20th district Democratic primary election, 2018
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **Leslie Cohen** | **2,105** | **47.52%** |
|  | Democratic | Gary K. Shipman | 1,999 | 45.12% |
|  | Democratic | John Bauer | 326 | 7.36% |
| Total votes | | | **4,430** | **100%** |

North Carolina House of Representatives 20th district general election, 2018
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **Holly Grange (incumbent)** | **18,979** | **52.66%** |
|  | Democratic | Leslie Cohen | 17,062 | 47.34% |
| Total votes | | | **36,041** | **100%** |
|  | Republican **hold** | | | |

### 2016

North Carolina House of Representatives 20th district Republican primary election, 2016
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **Holly Grange** | **7,188** | **61.98%** |
|  | Republican | Tammy Covil | 4,409 | 38.02% |
| Total votes | | | **11,597** | **100%** |

North Carolina House of representavives 20th district general election, 2016
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **Holly Grange (incumbent)** | **32,576** | **100%** |
| Total votes | | | **32,576** | **100%** |
|  | Republican **hold** | | | |

### 2014

North Carolina House of Representatives 20th district general election, 2014
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **Rick Catlin (incumbent)** | **16,844** | **62.16%** |
|  | Democratic | Betsy Jordan | 10,252 | 37.84% |
| Total votes | | | **27,096** | **100%** |
|  | Republican **hold** | | | |

### 2012

North Carolina House of Representatives 20th district general election, 2012
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **Rick Catlin** | **25,282** | **64.07%** |
|  | Democratic | Tom Gale | 14,179 | 35.93% |
| Total votes | | | **39,461** | **100%** |
|  | Republican **win** (new seat) | | | | |

### 2010

North Carolina House of Representatives 20th district Democratic primary election, 2010
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **Dewey Hill (incumbent)** | **3,876** | **55.75%** |
|  | Democratic | Ken Waddell | 3,077 | 44.25% |
| Total votes | | | **6,953** | **100%** |

North Carolina House of Representatives 20th district general election, 2010
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **Dewey Hill (incumbent)** | **11,042** | **53.24%** |
|  | Republican | Tristan V. Patterson | 9,698 | 46.76% |
| Total votes | | | **20,740** | **100%** |
|  | Democratic **hold** | | | |

### 2008

North Carolina House of Representatives 20th district general election, 2008
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **Dewey Hill (incumbent)** | **22,687** | **100%** |
| Total votes | | | **22,687** | **100%** |
|  | Democratic **hold** | | | |

### 2006

North Carolina House of Representatives 20th district general election, 2006
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **Dewey Hill (incumbent)** | **10,164** | **62.78%** |
|  | Republican | R. C. "Ray" Gilbert | 6,026 | 37.22% |
| Total votes | | | **16,190** | **100%** |
|  | Democratic **hold** | | | |

### 2004

North Carolina House of Representatives 20th district Democratic primary election, 2004
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **Dewey Hill (incumbent)** | **4,619** | **50.07%** |
|  | Democratic | Richard Wright | 4,606 | 49.93% |
| Total votes | | | **9,225** | **100%** |

North Carolina House of Representatives 20th district general election, 2004
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **Dewey Hill (incumbent)** | **19,158** | **100%** |
| Total votes | | | **19,158** | **100%** |
|  | Democratic **hold** | | | |

### 2002

North Carolina House of Representatives 20th district general election, 2002
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **Dewey Hill (incumbent)** | **14,340** | **82.42%** |
|  | Libertarian | Richard Hollembeak | 3,058 | 17.58% |
| Total votes | | | **17,398** | **100%** |
|  | Democratic **hold** | | | |

### 2000

North Carolina House of Representatives 20th district general election, 2000
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **Billy Creech (incumbent)** | **17,023** | **60.40%** |
|  | Democratic | Richard Price | 11,162 | 39.60% |
| Total votes | | | **28,185** | **100%** |
|  | Republican **hold** | | | |

## InfoBox

| North Carolina's 20th State
House of Representatives
district | |
| --- | --- |
| --- | |
| Representative | Ted Davis Jr.
Wilmington |
| Demographics | 83% White
7% Black
5% Hispanic
2% Asian |
| Population (2020) | 90,692 |


abstract: Madawaska Lake (Freymond) Water Aerodrome is located 11 nautical miles southwest of Whitney, Ontario, Canada.

text:
# Madawaska Lake (Freymond) Water Aerodrome

**Madawaska Lake** (**Freymond**) **Water Aerodrome** (TC LID: **CMW5**) is located 11 nautical miles (20 km; 13 mi) southwest of Whitney , Ontario, Canada.

## InfoBox

| Madawaska Lake (Freymond) Water Aerodrome | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Summary | |
| Airport type | Private |
| Operator | Brian Freymond |
| Location | Whitney |
| Time zone | EST (UTC−05:00) |
| Summer (DST) | EDT (UTC−04:00) |
| Elevation AMSL | 1,390 ft / 424 m |
| Coordinates | 45°20′16″N 078°22′03″W / 45.33778°N 78.36750°W / 45.33778; -78.36750 |
| Map | |
| CMW5Location in OntarioCMW5CMW5 (Canada) | |
| Runways | |
| Direction Length Surface  ft m  n/a n/a n/a Water | |
| Source: Water Aerodrome Supplement | |


title: 1892 Idaho gubernatorial election

abstract: The 1892 Idaho gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1892. Acting Governor Norman Bushnell Willey was defeated for renomination at the Republican convention. Republican nominee William J. McConnell defeated Democratic nominee John M. Burke and Populist nominee Abraham J. Crook with 40.74% of the vote.

text:
# 1892 Idaho gubernatorial election

The **1892 Idaho gubernatorial election** was held on November 8, 1892.

Acting Governor Norman Bushnell Willey was defeated for renomination at the Republican convention.

Republican nominee William J. McConnell defeated Democratic nominee John M. Burke and Populist nominee Abraham J. Crook with 40.74% of the vote.

## Nominations

Nominations were made by party conventions.

### Democratic nomination

The Democratic convention was held on August 25 and 26 at Boise. John M. Burke was nominated on the tenth ballot.

#### Candidates

#### Results

Results of the balloting were as follows:

### Republican nomination

The Republican convention was held on August 18 and 19 at Moscow. William J. McConnell was nominated on the second ballot.

#### Candidates

#### Results

Results of the balloting were as follows:

### People's Party nomination

The People's Party convention was held on August 18 at Boise. A. J. Crook was nominated on the first ballot.

#### Candidates

* A. J. Crook

#### Results

People's Party convention results
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Populist** | **A. J. Crook** | **45** | **76.3** |
|  | Populist | Scattering | 14 | 23.7 |
| Total votes | | | **59** | **100.00** |

## General election

### Candidates

### Results

1892 Idaho gubernatorial election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **William J. McConnell** | **8,178** | **40.74%** | **−15.61%** |
|  | Democratic | John M. Burke | 6,769 | 33.72% | −9.93% |
|  | Populist | Abraham J. Crook | 4,865 | 24.23% | N/A |
|  | Prohibition | Joseph A. Clark | 264 | 1.32% | N/A |
| Majority | | | 1,409 | 7.02% |  |
| Turnout | | | 20,076 | 100.00% |  |
|  | Republican **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

1. Some sources record this candidate's name as James M. Ballentine.
2. Some sources record this candidate's name as Andrew J. Crook.

## Bibliography

## InfoBox

1892 Idaho gubernatorial election
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Nominee **William J. McConnell** John M. Burke Abraham J. Crook  Party Republican Democratic Populist  Popular vote **8,178** 6,769 4,865  Percentage **40.74%** 33.72% 24.23% | |
| ---  Results by county
**McConnell:**      30–40%      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%
**Burke:**      40–50%      50–60%
**Crook:**      40–50%      50–60%      60–70% | |
| ---  **Governor before election**
Norman Bushnell Willey (acting)
Republican **Elected Governor**
William J. McConnell
Republican | |


title: Sphingomonas melonis

abstract: Sphingomonas melonis is a bacterium from the genus of Sphingomonas which has been isolated from the plant Cucumis melo var. inodorus in Madrid in Spain. Sphingomonas melonis can cause brown spots on melon fruits from the melon plant. In rice plants it can have disease-preventing effects, the seed-endophytic strain Sphingomonas melonis ZJ26 that can be naturally enriched in certain rice cultivars, confers diseases resistance against a bacterial pathogen and is vertically transmitted among plant generations via their seeds.

text:
# Sphingomonas melonis

***Sphingomonas melonis*** is a bacterium from the genus of Sphingomonas which has been isolated from the plant *Cucumis melo* var. *inodorus* in Madrid in Spain. *Sphingomonas melonis* can cause brown spots on melon fruits from the melon plant (*Cucumis melo* var. *inodorus*). In rice plants it can have disease-preventing effects, the seed-endophytic strain *Sphingomonas melonis* ZJ26 that can be naturally enriched in certain rice cultivars, confers diseases resistance against a bacterial pathogen and is vertically transmitted among plant generations via their seeds.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| *Sphingomonas melonis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Bacteria |
| Phylum: | Pseudomonadota |
| Class: | Alphaproteobacteria |
| Order: | Sphingomonadales |
| Family: | Sphingomonadaceae |
| Genus: | *Sphingomonas* |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Sphingomonas melonis***<br>Buonaurio et al. 2002 | |
|
| Type strain | |
| BCRC 17459, CCRC 17459, CIP 107880, DAPP-PG 224, DSM 14444, DSMZ 14444 T , EY 4350, LMG 19484, NCPPB 4320, PG-224 | |


title: Nantmawr

abstract: Nantmawr is a village in Shropshire, England. It is located about five miles southwest of Oswestry and close to the Welsh border. The Offa's Dyke Path runs through the village. Like many of the towns in the Welsh Marches, the area was formerly Welsh speaking, and its name means "big stream". The village also forms the terminus of the surviving stub of the former Potteries, Shrewsbury & North Wales Railway, better known as the 'Potts Line', which is currently being re-opened as a heritage railway by the Tanat Valley Light Railway Company. Nantmawr has a nature reserve known as "Jones' Rough" managed by Shropshire Wildlife Trust. It is a breeding place for the pearl-bordered fritillary butterfly.also located to the south of the village are a few scattered MoD buildings which are now abandoned. This area is an area of outstanding natural beauty and the person writing this misses it very much !

text:
# Nantmawr

**Nantmawr** is a village in Shropshire, England. It is located about five miles southwest of Oswestry and close to the Welsh border. The Offa's Dyke Path runs through the village.

Like many of the towns in the Welsh Marches, the area was formerly Welsh speaking, and its name means "big stream".

The village also forms the terminus of the surviving stub of the former Potteries, Shrewsbury & North Wales Railway, better known as the 'Potts Line', which is currently being re-opened as a heritage railway by the Tanat Valley Light Railway Company.

Nantmawr has a nature reserve known as "Jones' Rough" managed by Shropshire Wildlife Trust. It is a breeding place for the pearl-bordered fritillary butterfly.also located to the south of the village are a few scattered MoD buildings which are now abandoned. This area is an area of outstanding natural beauty and the person writing this misses it very much !

## InfoBox

| Nantmawr | |
| --- | --- |
| Wesleyan Chapel, Nantmawr This is not Nantmawr Chapel but Cefnblodwel (approx. 1 mile away) | |
| NantmawrLocation within Shropshire | |
| OS grid reference | SJ248244 |
| Civil parish |  |
| Unitary authority |  |
| Ceremonial county |  |
| Region |  |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | OSWESTRY |
| Postcode district | SY10 |
| Dialling code | 01691 |
|  | |
| Police | West Mercia |
| Fire | Shropshire |
| Ambulance | West Midlands |
|  | |
| UK Parliament |  |
|