title: Murder of John Hron

abstract: John Hron was a Swedish 14-year-old boy who was tortured to death and drowned by four young neo-Nazis. The month before his death, Hron had won a bronze medal in the national canoeing youth championships. The murder shocked entire Swedish society and caused public despair, as Sweden at that time had relatively few problems with serious youth crime, and never before had seen a case of young perpetrators committing murder with such elements of sadism and cruelty towards a fellow teenager. So extreme was the case that one underage perpetrator was sentenced to a adult prison term instead of youth care, which is exceptionally rare in Sweden. The case remains one of the most sensitive, debated and infamous in modern Swedish crime history.

text:
# Murder of John Hron

**John Hron** (25 January 1981  17 August 1995) was a Swedish 14-year-old boy who was tortured to death and drowned by four young neo-Nazis. The month before his death, Hron had won a bronze medal in the national canoeing youth championships.

The murder shocked entire Swedish society and caused public despair, as Sweden at that time had relatively few problems with serious youth crime, and never before had seen a case of young perpetrators committing murder with such elements of sadism and cruelty towards a fellow teenager. So extreme was the case that one underage perpetrator was sentenced to a adult prison term instead of youth care, which is exceptionally rare in Sweden. The case remains one of the most sensitive, debated and infamous in modern Swedish crime history.

## Murder

Hron had been camping with a friend by the small lake Ingetorpssjön near his hometown Kode in Kungälv Municipality on the night of his murder. Four young men (15-year-old Mikael Fjällholm and 18-year-old Daniel Hansson, plus a 17-year-old and another 18-year-old) appeared, who all had strong ties to the neo-Nazi skinhead subculture and especially the militant Nazi network Vitt Ariskt Motstånd. Hron knew the youngest, Mikael Fjällholm, from school. Mikael, who had been a bully at the school both he and Hron attended, said in his testimony, "I must have scared every last one in that school." Hron, who was known for speaking his mind, had also come in conflict with Mikael and the neo-Nazi gang earlier, and they had threatened to kill him.

On the evening of 17 August 1995, while Hron was camping with his friend Christian at a cliff at lake Ingetorpssjön, the group of neo-Nazis walked up to their campsite, dressed in nazi clothing and playing loud White Power music from a stereo. First, Daniel Hansson threw a can of beer in Hron's face and told him to say that he "loves Nazism", punching him several times in the face, while the others laughed. Hron, being known for standing up against racism, refused to say this and was again beaten brutally for it.

The four began kicking him in the head, hitting him, throwing heavy cans of beer in his face, and taunting him verbally. They would intersperse their beatings with suddenly acting friendly, offering him beers, and apologizing, just to continue beating him again, in what was described as a sadistic "cat-and-mouse"-like torture that went on for hours. They jump-kicked him, kicked him in the back of his head, struck his neck with a flaming piece of wood and burnt him, stomped on his stomach, destroyed his belongings and set fire to the tent he had shared with Christian. Hron and Christian begged several times for the neo-Nazis to let them go home, but this simply angered the attackers who continued hitting Hron until he could no longer stand. Hron was eventually pushed into the lake, still alive, Daniel Hansson "joked" as he did this by saying "now he shall go for a swim" or "now he shall take a dive". Hron tried to swim away and two of the four attackers walked around to the other side of the lake to catch him if he were to swim across. Around this time the murderers also shouted to Hron to swim back, threatening to kill Christian if he did not, and Hron decided to swim back to save his friend's life. Christian was forced to shout to Hron "come back or they will kill me".

The torture continued as two of the most active attackers, Daniel and Mikael, got John up from the lake, and after knocking him down again they placed his body in a position so that they could continue kicking and stomping him in the head for several minutes with their boots. They later said about this part: "It felt so good that we couldn't stop". It was made clear in the investigation that they had kicked and stomped on Hron's face and head with steel-toe boots for about seven minutes without pause. They kicked or stomped Hron in the head so hard that his brain had at least partially even spilled out.

After Hron became unconscious, they rolled his fractured body into the water again. He sank to the bottom and drowned. In police interviews one of the killers stated they heard "a whistling of gurgling" sound from Hron at this point, although medics said that even if he had not been dumped in the lake he would not have survived the damages to his body and head from the beating.

Christian hitched a ride home and alerted the authorities. The two murderers still on the scene rolled a cigarette as they watched Hron's body sink to the bottom of the lake, later jokingly bragging about it to the other two attackers.

## Aftermath, public outcry and prosecution

In court, the 18-year-old boy who was the main person behind the abuse, Daniel Hansson, was sentenced to eight years in prison for murder. He was released on 1 January 2001. Mikael Fjällholm, the 15-year-old, was sentenced to prison (which in Sweden is a rare thing to happen to a convicted teenager). The two others, John Billing and one more known only as BM were sentenced to ten and four months in prison for assault and not alerting authorities to the ongoing assault and murder, respectively.

The case received nationwide attention within Sweden. The public was shocked by the news of such violence and a wave of huge anti-racist manifestations took place to honour Hron's memory. In 1996, Hron posthumously received the inaugural Stig Dagerman Prize for free speech and world peace.

Hron's grave has since been desecrated several times by neo-Nazis. Murderer Daniel Hansson had previously stabbed a man in an earlier crime as a juvenile offender and was a teenage alcoholic, and at least two of the young murderers were suspected of having severe untreated mental instability and violent behaviour in their childhoods. Another one of the gang was part of a plot to violently attack a sports event. All of them were active neo-Nazis, some of them involved in the violent organization Vitt Ariskt Motstånd (VAM), which translates to "White Aryan Resistance." Racist flyers and propaganda were found in their homes. During the murder they wore t-shirts with Adolf Hitler and other Nazi prints on and bomber jackets. In prison one of them was part in forming the criminal prison gang "Ariska Brödraskapet" (a Swedish version of the "Aryan Brotherhood" but no ties or connections to the US gang has been made officially except inspiration). Mikael Fjällholm was later stabbed in the eye with a screwdriver during his prison sentence by another neo-Nazi, damaging him for life. Daniel Hansson was sentenced after his release for more crimes, including abusing and beating his then-girlfriend.


title: Murphyores Inc Pty Ltd v Commonwealth

abstract: Murphyores Inc Pty Ltd v Commonwealth, was a case decided in the High Court of Australia regarding the scope of the trade and commerce power in section 51(i) of the Constitution.

text:
# Murphyores Inc Pty Ltd v Commonwealth

***Murphyores Inc Pty Ltd v Commonwealth***, was a case decided in the High Court of Australia regarding the scope of the trade and commerce power in section 51(i) of the Constitution.

## Background

Section 112 of the *Customs Act 1901*, prohibited the exportation of mineral sands unless authorised by the Minister. Murphyores Inc Pty Ltd, which held leases from the state of Queensland to mine mineral sands on Fraser Island, sought permission from the Minister to export mineral sands. Such authorisation was withheld pending the outcome of an environmental inquiry. Murphyores challenged the constitutional validity of prohibition and sought an injunction to the study, and a declaration that the Minister cannot make a prohibition for environmental purposes.

## Decision

In a unanimous decision, the court held the legislation was a valid exercise of the trade and commerce power. Section 51(i) was a non-purposive power, and the only relevant factor was the subject matter of trade and commerce. The motive and purpose behind the legislation was irrelevant.

* Winterton, G. et al. *Australian federal constitutional law: commentary and materials*, 1999. LBC Information Services, Sydney.

## InfoBox

| Murphyores Inc Pty Ltd v Commonwealth | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Court | High Court of Australia |
| Full case name | *Murphyores Inc Pty Ltd v The Commonwealth of Australia* |
| Decided | 14 April 1976 |
| Citations | \[1976\] HCA 20, (1976) 136 CLR 1 |
| Court membership | |
| Judges sitting | Barwick CJ, McTiernan, Gibbs, Stephen, Mason, Jacobs & Murphy JJ |
| Case opinions | |
| **(7:0)** Section 112 of the *Customs Act 1901* (Cth) was a constitutionally valid law under the trade and commerce power | |


title: Wu Xinzhi

abstract: Wu Xinzhi was a Chinese paleoanthropologist, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and former vice director of the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology (IVPP).

text:
# Wu Xinzhi

**Wu Xinzhi** (Chinese: 吴新智; 2 June 1928 – 4 December 2021) was a Chinese paleoanthropologist, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and former vice director of the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology (IVPP).

## Biography

Wu was born in Hefei, Anhui, China, in 1928. He graduated with a B.S. in medicine from Shanghai Medical College in 1953, and taught from 1953 to 1958 at the Department of Anatomy, Dalian Medical College. He then attended the graduate school of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. On 5 December 2021, he died of an illness in Beijing, aged 93.

## InfoBox

| Wu Xinzhi | |
| --- | --- |
| 吴新智 | |
|  | |
| Born | (1928-06-02)2 June 1928
Hefei, Anhui, China |
| Died | 4 December 2021(2021-12-04) (aged 93)
Beijing, China |
| Alma mater | Shanghai Medical College |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Paleoanthropology |
| Institutions | Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Chinese name | |
| Simplified Chinese |  |
| Traditional Chinese |  |
| Transcriptions  Standard Mandarin  Hanyu Pinyin Wú Xīnzhì | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Musa Avsever

abstract:
Musa Avsever is a retired Turkish Army general who was the 52nd commander of the Turkish Land Forces. Prior to his appointment as a commander of the Land Forces on 5 August 2021, he served as the 57th commander of the First Army of Turkey from 2016 to 2021.
Due to the appointment of General Yaşar Güler as the Minister of National Defense by President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan on June 5, 2023, General Musa Avsever, the Commander of the Army, has been temporarily assigned as the Chief of the General Staff. On August 3, 2023, he was superannuated due to his late age

text:
# Musa Avsever

**Musa Avsever** (born 7 November 1957) is a retired Turkish Army general who was the 52nd commander of the Turkish Land Forces. Prior to his appointment as a commander of the Land Forces on 5 August 2021, he served as the 57th commander of the First Army of Turkey from 2016 to 2021. Due to the appointment of General Yaşar Güler as the Minister of National Defense by President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan on June 5, 2023, General Musa Avsever, the Commander of the Army, has been temporarily assigned as the Chief of the General Staff. On August 3, 2023, he was superannuated due to his late age

## Career

Avsever was born in Konya, Turkey. He completed his high school education at Kuleli Military High School. He obtained his graduation from the Turkish Military Academy as a signal officer in 1978. He was enlisted in the Army as a platoon and was appointed at the 7th Corps between 1979 and 1982. Later he was posted at the School and Training Centre of Communications, Electronics and Information System between 1986 and 1988. He graduated with military courses from the Army War College in 1990 and was subsequently appointed as branch commander of the 2nd Infantry Division where he served to the post from 1990 until he was appointed as logistics division officer at the Second Army's headquarter where he served in 1992 unit 1996. After completing his assignments in 1996, he was appointed as cadet battalion commander and chief of Operations and Training branch, Turkish Military Academy from 1996 to 1999.

In the Cyprus Turkish Peace Force Command, he served as chief of Operations and Training branch from 1999 unit he was appointed as commander of the 5th Border Regiment in 2001 to 2003.

Avsever was promoted to the rank of brigadier general in 2003 by the Supreme Military Council and then he was appointed as head of the Land Forces for Supply and Maintenance branch where he served from 2003 to 2005. He also served as a support commander at the General Staff of the Turkish Armed Forces for Communications, Electronics and Information System branch from 2005 to 2007.

In 2007 he was promoted to the rank of major general and was subsequently appointed as the head of Communications, Electronics and Information System branch of the Land Forces where he remained in the office until 2009 when he was appointed as commander of Land Forces School and Training Centre of Communications, Electronics and Information System unit 2011. He also served as a chief of staff in the Aegean Army from 2011 to 2012.

With the promotion of his rank to lieutenant general in 2012 he was appointed head of the Chief of the Turkish General Staff headquarters for Communications, Electronics and Information System from 2012 to 2015. He also served as a commander of the 2nd Corps from 2015 to 2016.

After he completed his assignment at the 2nd Corps, he was promoted to the rank of general and was subsequently appointed as a commander of the First Army from 2016 to 2021.

## InfoBox

| Musa Avsever | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1957-11-07) 7 November 1957
Nernek, Halkapınar, Konya, Turkey |
| Allegiance | Turkey |
| Service/branch | Turkish Land Forces |
| Years of service | 1978–2023 |
| Rank | General |
| Service number | MU.1978-10 |
| Commands |  |
| Alma mater | Kuleli Military High School
Turkish Military Academy |
| Spouse(s) | Mesude Avsever |
| Children | 2 |


title: XHEDL-FM

abstract: XHEDL-FM is a radio station on 89.7 FM in Hermosillo, Sonora. The station is owned by Radio S.A. and carries a pop format known as Activa 89.7.

text:
# XHEDL-FM

**XHEDL-FM** is a radio station on 89.7 FM in Hermosillo, Sonora. The station is owned by Radio S.A. and carries a pop format known as Activa 89.7.

## History

XHEDL began as **XEDL-AM** 1250 in 1944, though its concession history dates only to 1958. It was owned by Francisco Vidal and later by Eufemia Esquer de Vidal.

In 1980, the station was among the first to be represented by Grupo Radio Comunicación, S.A. This formed the basis for what became known as Radio S.A. After Esquer de Vidal's death, the station was transferred from her estate to Carlos de Jesús Quiñones Armendáriz, the owner of Radio S.A.

In 2012, XEDL moved to FM on 89.7 MHz and became known as "DL Radio 89.7, La Gran Diferencia", taking its slogan from sister station XEDA-AM in Mexico City. At the time the station primarily had a talk format. At the end of 2013, XHEDL ditched its talk format for pop in Spanish and became known as Activa 89.7.

## InfoBox

XHEDL-FM
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Broadcast area | Hermosillo, Sonora |
| Frequency | 89.7 FM |
| Branding | Activa 89.7 |
| Programming | |
| Format | Pop in Spanish |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | * Radio S.A. * (Carlos de Jesús Quiñones Armendáriz) |
| Sister stations | XHEPB-FM, XHVS-FM, XHMMO-FM |
| History | |
| First air date | May 21, 1944 (concession) |
| Technical information | |
| ERP | 25 kW |
| Transmitter coordinates | 29°02′59.23″N 110°57′58.64″W / 29.0497861°N 110.9662889°W / 29.0497861; -110.9662889 |
| Links | |
| Website | www.activa897.com |


title: Mushroom diet

abstract: Mushroom diet is an umbrella term for diets with significant amounts of mushrooms.

text:
# Mushroom diet

**Mushroom diet** is an umbrella term for diets with significant amounts of mushrooms.

## Description

A mushroom-only diet for humans is considered unrealistic due to insufficient calorie intake. The term *mushroom diet* can mean:

* Higher mushroom consumption
* Eating specific mushrooms on a regular basis
* Replacing all meat with mushrooms
* Replacing one meal a day with mushrooms for 2 weeks (a fad diet called **M-plan diet**)

## Health benefits

Higher mushroom consumption is associated with reduced breast cancer risk and reduction in mean blood pressure.

## Criticism

Dr. Joseph Schwarcz points out that many of the studies showing the health benefits of eating mushrooms have significant flaws. It is often not taken into account what other fruits or vegetables the subjects eat; some studies have been conducted only in Asia, where people have specific eating habits.

The mushroom diet of *M-plan diet* type has been criticized as a fad diet not based on scientific data; the results of following it will depend mainly on other foods.


title: Murfreesboro, North Carolina

abstract: Murfreesboro is a town in Hertford County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 2,835 at the 2010 census. The town is home to Chowan University.

text:
# Murfreesboro, North Carolina

**Murfreesboro** is a town in Hertford County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 2,835 at the 2010 census. The town is home to Chowan University.

## Geography

Murfreesboro is located in northwestern Hertford County on high ground south of the Meherrin River. U.S. Route 258 runs through the eastern end of the town, and U.S. Route 158 bypasses the town to the south. US-258 leads southwest 51 miles (82 km) to Tarboro and northeast 21 miles (34 km) to Franklin, Virginia, while US-158 leads east 10 miles (16 km) to Winton, the Hertford county seat, and west 37 miles (60 km) to Roanoke Rapids.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 2.3 square miles (5.9 km2), of which 2.2 square miles (5.8 km2) are land and 0.04 square miles (0.1 km2), or 2.27%, are water.

### Climate

| Climate data for Murfreesboro, North Carolina (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1973–present) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 77
(25) | 83
(28) | 89
(32) | 96
(36) | 96
(36) | 101
(38) | 105
(41) | 103
(39) | 102
(39) | 97
(36) | 85
(29) | 85
(29) | 105
(41) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 49.7
(9.8) | 53.3
(11.8) | 59.8
(15.4) | 69.8
(21.0) | 76.8
(24.9) | 84.2
(29.0) | 87.7
(30.9) | 85.7
(29.8) | 80.7
(27.1) | 71.3
(21.8) | 61.4
(16.3) | 53.4
(11.9) | 69.5
(20.8) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 39.2
(4.0) | 41.9
(5.5) | 47.7
(8.7) | 57.7
(14.3) | 65.8
(18.8) | 74.0
(23.3) | 77.9
(25.5) | 75.9
(24.4) | 70.5
(21.4) | 59.7
(15.4) | 49.4
(9.7) | 42.5
(5.8) | 58.5
(14.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 28.7
(−1.8) | 30.5
(−0.8) | 35.7
(2.1) | 45.6
(7.6) | 54.7
(12.6) | 63.9
(17.7) | 68.1
(20.1) | 66.1
(18.9) | 60.2
(15.7) | 48.1
(8.9) | 37.5
(3.1) | 31.7
(−0.2) | 47.6
(8.7) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −7
(−22) | −5
(−21) | 13
(−11) | 23
(−5) | 32
(0) | 42
(6) | 48
(9) | 43
(6) | 36
(2) | 23
(−5) | 11
(−12) | 1
(−17) | −7
(−22) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 3.72
(94) | 2.81
(71) | 3.88
(99) | 3.50
(89) | 3.97
(101) | 4.99
(127) | 5.52
(140) | 5.64
(143) | 5.11
(130) | 3.82
(97) | 3.20
(81) | 3.47
(88) | 49.63
(1,261) |
| Average snowfall inches (cm) | 0.6
(1.5) | 0.4
(1.0) | 0.0
(0.0) | 0.0
(0.0) | 0.0
(0.0) | 0.0
(0.0) | 0.0
(0.0) | 0.0
(0.0) | 0.0
(0.0) | 0.0
(0.0) | 0.0
(0.0) | 1.6
(4.1) | 2.6
(6.6) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 10.3 | 8.4 | 9.4 | 8.3 | 10.1 | 10.1 | 9.6 | 9.4 | 9.3 | 8.2 | 7.9 | 9.5 | 110.5 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 1.1 |
| Source: NOAA | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1860 | 466 |  |  |
| 1870 | 753 |  | 61.6% |
| 1880 | 645 |  | −14.3% |
| 1890 | 674 |  | 4.5% |
| 1900 | 657 |  | −2.5% |
| 1910 | 809 |  | 23.1% |
| 1920 | 621 |  | −23.2% |
| 1930 | 1,000 |  | 61.0% |
| 1940 | 1,550 |  | 55.0% |
| 1950 | 2,140 |  | 38.1% |
| 1960 | 2,643 |  | 23.5% |
| 1970 | 4,418 |  | 67.2% |
| 1980 | 3,007 |  | −31.9% |
| 1990 | 2,580 |  | −14.2% |
| 2000 | 2,045 |  | −20.7% |
| 2010 | 2,835 |  | 38.6% |
| 2020 | 2,619 |  | −7.6% |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |

### 2020 census

Murfreesboro racial composition
| Race | Number | Percentage |
| --- | --- | --- |
| White (non-Hispanic) | 939 | 35.85% |
| Black or African American (non-Hispanic) | 1,346 | 51.39% |
| Native American | 3 | 0.11% |
| Asian | 19 | 0.73% |
| Other/Mixed | 94 | 3.59% |
| Hispanic or Latino | 218 | 8.32% |

As of the 2020 United States census, there were 2,619 people, 1,081 households, and 552 families residing in the town.

## History

### Before European settlement

The first recorded inhabitants of the area were Native Americans from the Nottoway, Meherrin and Chowanoke tribes.

The first European known to visit the area was John White of the Roanoke Colony in the 16th century. It was also visited by an expedition from Jamestown, Virginia, in the 17th century.

The last native inhabitants, the Chowanoke, were expelled after warring with the English in 1675 and 1676. After that, they were moved to a reservation east of the Chowan River in what is now Gates County.

### Colonial era to the American Revolution

The first known deed to property in the area is a land grant dated November 5, 1714, made to Henry Wheeler for a tract on the Meherrin River which included what is now Murfreesboro. Several other transactions quickly followed, and in 1735 Joseph Parker founded the Meherrin Church. It is the second-oldest Baptist church in North Carolina (now known as Meherrin Baptist Church).

On May 27, 1746, James Jordon Scott sold 150 acres (0.61 km2) on the Meherrin River (part of Wheeler's original grant) to an Irish immigrant, William Murfree from Nansemond County, Virginia. On December 12, 1754, the General Assembly designated Murfree's Landing as a King's Landing, where imports and exports would be inspected by a representative of the King.

### Revolution to the American Civil War

On July 17, 1781, British forces led by Banastre Tarleton and the British Legion attacked Maney's Neck near Murfree's Landing. William Murfree's son, Hardy Murfree, led a local militia that repulsed the attack at Skinner's Bridge.

William Murfree contributed 97 acres (39 ha) of land surrounding Murfree's Landing in 1787 to the growing settlement to form a town. The town was chartered by the General Assembly and renamed Murfreesboro on January 6, 1787. This act also provided for the establishment of a public dock, as the town was located at the northernmost point of navigation on the Meherrin River.

Murfreesboro was designated by the US Congress in 1790 as an official port of entry, and the customs records indicate a profitable three-cornered trade with New England and the West Indies.

In 1809, the Hertford Academy was established in Murfreesboro, opening in 1811 for male students. In 1814, Harriet Sketchly and Martha Sketchly arrived and expanded the female department of the academy considerably. By 1849, it was renamed as the Chowan Baptist Female Institute, the forerunner of Chowan University.

In 1831 Murfreesboro was among towns that sent armed forces (these were led by Captain Solon Borland) to Southampton County, Virginia, to quell Nat Turner's slave rebellion. As a result of these events, Virginia and North Carolina reduced the rights of free blacks, prohibiting education of both free blacks and slaves.

## Education

Riverview Elementary School and Hertford County Middle School, both of which are part of the Hertford County Public Schools system.

Chowan University, a small Baptist university, is located in Murfreesboro.

## Commerce

Murfreesboro is no longer an active port. The last commercial vessel to operate on a regular basis was a Texaco Oil barge; it ceased service to the town in October 1966.

The town is served by the *Roanoke-Chowan News-Herald* newspaper, which is based in nearby Ahoskie.

## Attractions

Numerous buildings of the town, mostly grand houses, are on the National Register of Historic Places: the David A. Barnes House, The Cedars, The Columns, Cowper-Thompson House, Freeman House, Melrose, Myrick House, Myrick-Yeates-Vaughan House, Francis Parker House, William Rea Store, Roberts-Vaughan House, and John Wheeler House. In addition, Princeton Site and the Murfreesboro Historic District are listed on the NRHP.

The John Wheeler House is identified as the birthplace of John Hill Wheeler, a planter and politician who served as Minister to Nicaragua and North Carolina State Treasurer. In 2013 it was established that Hannah Bond, a slave who escaped to the North and wrote *The Bondwoman's Narrative* under the name of Hannah Crafts, had been held by him as a domestic servant. She escaped around 1857 from his plantation and wrote her manuscript on paper traced to his library. It was found in the early 21st century, authenticated and published for the first time in 2002 as the first known novel by an African-American woman.

The old Murfreesboro public school (which housed grades 1 - 12 until 1972) has been redeveloped as the Brady C. Jefcoat Museum. It houses the collections of Brady Jefcoat, a Raleigh native. It includes hundreds of well-preserved ordinary items from the late 19th and early 20th century, including functional phonographs, radios, washing machines, and agricultural implements, as well as a wide variety of other novelties.

## Notable people

## InfoBox

| Murfreesboro, North Carolina | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
| East Main Street | |
| Location of Murfreesboro, North Carolina | |
| Coordinates: 36°26′31″N 77°05′48″W / 36.44194°N 77.09667°W / 36.44194; -77.09667 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | North Carolina |
| County | Hertford |
| Area | |
| Total | 2.32 sq mi (6.01 km2) |
| Land | 2.27 sq mi (5.88 km2) |
| Water | 0.05 sq mi (0.13 km2) |
| Elevation | 79 ft (24 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 2,619 |
| Density | 1,153.74/sq mi (445.48/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| ZIP code | 27855 |
| Area code | 252 |
| FIPS code | 37-45640 |
| GNIS feature ID | 2406219 |
| Website | www.townofmurfreesboro.com |


title: Wych Cross

abstract: Wych Cross is a location in Ashdown Forest, in the Wealden district of East Sussex. It lies on the sandstone forest ridge of the High Weald on the principal road from London to the east Sussex county town of Lewes at an elevated crossroads where it meets a road running east to west along the High Weald forest ridge. Wych Cross is situated about 36 miles south of London, roughly midway between London and the English Channel. The etymology of the place name is uncertain. "Wych" could be a variant of the common Old English placename "wic", denoting a homestead or settlement, it could possibly refer to a tree, the wych-elm, or it could refer to St. Richard de Wych, Bishop of Chichester. In the late 19th century a church dedicated to St. Richard de Wych was built east of Wych Cross by the then owner of the Ashdown Park estate, Thomas Charles Thompson, but it was never consecrated, and it was demolished in the 1970s. The Ashdown Forest Centre, the head office of the Conservators of Ashdown Forest, is situated at Wych Cross just half a mile east of the crossroads. It is housed in three historic Wealden barns—an Administration Barn, Information Barn and Education Barn—that were conveyed to the site and rebuilt there in the early 1980s. Notable buildings at Wych Cross include the present hotel building at Ashdown Park, and Wych Cross Place, built around 1900. A hymn tune named "WYCH CROSS" was composed by Erik Routley, who was born in Brighton, about 20 miles south of Wych Cross. In various DC Comics Wych Cross was the location of Fawney Rig, the Sussex manor house originally owned by John Constantine's ancestor Lady Johanna, and later by Roderick Burgess; and in which Dream was imprisoned for decades, along with the nearby old people's home in which Burgess's son, Alex, becomes a resident.

text:
# Wych Cross

**Wych Cross** is a location in Ashdown Forest, in the Wealden district of East Sussex. It lies on the sandstone forest ridge of the High Weald on the principal road from London to the east Sussex county town of Lewes at an elevated crossroads where it meets a road running east to west along the High Weald forest ridge. Wych Cross is situated about 36 miles south of London, roughly midway between London and the English Channel.

The etymology of the place name (also spelt 'Wytch Cross' and 'Witch Cross' in documents of the early 19th century and earlier) is uncertain. "Wych" could be a variant of the common Old English placename "wic", denoting a homestead or settlement, it could possibly refer to a tree, the wych-elm, or it could refer to St. Richard de Wych, Bishop of Chichester.

In the late 19th century a church dedicated to St. Richard de Wych was built east of Wych Cross by the then owner of the Ashdown Park estate, Thomas Charles Thompson, but it was never consecrated, and it was demolished in the 1970s.

The Ashdown Forest Centre, the head office of the Conservators of Ashdown Forest, is situated at Wych Cross just half a mile east of the crossroads. It is housed in three historic Wealden barns—an Administration Barn, Information Barn (visitor centre) and Education Barn—that were conveyed to the site and rebuilt there in the early 1980s.

Notable buildings at Wych Cross include the present hotel building (including a deconsecrated chapel containing eight Harry Clarke stained glass windows ) at Ashdown Park, and Wych Cross Place, built around 1900.

A hymn tune named "WYCH CROSS" was composed by Erik Routley, who was born in Brighton, about 20 miles south of Wych Cross.

In various DC Comics (notably Neil Gaiman's *The Sandman*) Wych Cross was the location of Fawney Rig, the Sussex manor house originally owned by John Constantine's ancestor Lady Johanna, and later by Roderick Burgess; and in which Dream was imprisoned for decades, along with the nearby old people's home in which Burgess's son, Alex, becomes a resident.

51°04′10″N 0°01′30″E / 51.06933°N 0.02504°E / 51.06933; 0.02504


title: Wychavon Way

abstract: The Wychavon Way is a waymarked long-distance footpath in Worcestershire, England, maintained by a partnership between Wychavon District Council and Worcestershire County Council.

text:
# Wychavon Way

**The Wychavon Way** is a waymarked long-distance footpath in Worcestershire, England, maintained by a partnership between Wychavon District Council and Worcestershire County Council.

## Distance

The Wychavon Way is 40 miles (64 km) in length.

## The route

The route was originally opened in 1977 to commemorate the Silver Jubilee of Elizabeth II. It started from Holt Fleet on the Worcestershire stretch of the River Severn finished at Winchcombe to link with the Cotswold Way.

In Spring 2012 a new revised route was unveiled. The new route starts at Droitwich Spa and mostly follows the original route to just before Fladbury. It then deviates to include Pershore and the summit of Bredon Hill, before continuing west to finish at Broadway. The new route remains entirely within the District of Wychavon.

The original waymarks comprised a yellow three pointed crow. New waymarks have been put up to sign the new route. These contain a logo with a trebuchet on a green hill above a horizontally stretched V-shaped blue river.


title: Wych Brook

abstract: The Wych Brook, Worthenbury Brook and Red Brook, formerly known as the River Elfe, is a tributary of the River Dee in England and Wales, forming part of both the historic and present-day border between the two countries. The stream forms part of the border between Cheshire and Shropshire in England to the east, and Wales, particularly the Maelor Saesneg, to the west.

text:
# Wych Brook

The **Wych Brook**, **Worthenbury Brook** and **Red Brook**, formerly known as the **River Elfe**, is a tributary of the River Dee in England and Wales, forming part of both the historic and present-day border between the two countries. The stream forms part of the border between Cheshire and Shropshire in England to the east, and Wales, particularly the Maelor Saesneg (a detached portion of Historic Flintshire, now within Wrexham County Borough), to the west.

## Course and landscape

The Wych Brook rises (as the "Red Brook") at Fenn's Moss on the Wrexham County Borough / Shropshire border, and flows northward and westward through a steep-sided, wooded valley to Threapwood, being joined by several smaller streams such as the Grindley Brook, which rises near the village of the same name, and the Iscoyd Brook. Near the community of Willington Worthenbury it is joined by the **Emral Brook**, and runs northward to the Dee (as the "Worthenbury Brook") near Shocklach. The Emral Brook itself rises near Penley and is joined by a number of tributary streams which drain the central part of Maelor Saesneg.

The middle section of the river valley, which has eroded deeply into an underlying glacial drift of boulder clay, sands and gravels, is the narrowest and deepest, particularly between Dymock's Mill and Lower Wych. The river landscape is characterised by ancient mixed ash woodland, unintensively-farmed lowland pasture and rush pasture. The English side of the valley is designated as an Area of Special County Value.

The Wych Brook was formerly known as the River Elfe or Elf. The origin of the name "Elfe" is in this case unknown, though the name "Wych" is thought to derive from saline springs in the area. There were formerly a number of natural salt springs or 'brine pits' near the river bank at Higher Wych and Lower Wych, which from medieval times were used as a water source for commercial salt production. It has been speculated that the river name *Elfe* is based on the Welsh language root *hal-*, *halen*, "salt".

## Ecology

The river is a habitat for a variety of fish including brown trout, common dace, the gudgeon *Gobio gobio*, stone loach and common minnow. There is an unusual isolated population of dormice in the Wych Valley, as a result of an introduction of animals in 1996/7.

## InfoBox

| Wych Brook<br>River Elfe, Red Brook, Worthenbury Brook | |
| --- | --- |
| The Wych Brook at Higher Wych | |
| Location | |
| Country | Wales, England |
| Counties | Wrexham County Borough, Cheshire, Shropshire |
| Physical characteristics | |
|  | |
| Source |  |
| location | Fenn's Moss, Wrexham County Borough |
| coordinates | 52°59′37″N 2°49′24″W / 52.99352°N 2.82339°W / 52.99352; -2.82339 |
|  | |
| Mouth | River Dee |
| location | near Shocklach |
| coordinates | 53°2′19″N 2°51′42″W / 53.03861°N 2.86167°W / 53.03861; -2.86167 |
| Basin features | |
| Tributaries |  |
| left | Emral Brook |


title: Multi-particle collision dynamics

abstract: Multi-particle collision dynamics (MPC), also known as stochastic rotation dynamics (SRD), is a particle-based mesoscale simulation technique for complex fluids which fully incorporates thermal fluctuations and hydrodynamic interactions. Coupling of embedded particles to the coarse-grained solvent is achieved through molecular dynamics.

text:
# Multi-particle collision dynamics

**Multi-particle collision dynamics** (MPC), also known as stochastic rotation dynamics (SRD), is a particle-based mesoscale simulation technique for complex fluids which fully incorporates thermal fluctuations and hydrodynamic interactions. Coupling of embedded particles to the coarse-grained solvent is achieved through molecular dynamics.

## Method of simulation

The solvent is modelled as a set of $N$ point particles of mass $m$ with continuous coordinates $\vec {r}\_{i}$ and velocities $\vec {v}\_{i}$. The simulation consists of streaming and collision steps.

During the streaming step, the coordinates of the particles are updated according to

$\vec {r}\_{i}(t+\delta t\_{\mathrm {MPC} })={\vec {r}\_{i}(t)+{\vec {v}\_{i}(t)\delta t\_{\mathrm {MPC} }}}$

where $\delta t\_{\mathrm {MPC} }$ is a chosen simulation time step which is typically much larger than a molecular dynamics time step.

After the streaming step, interactions between the solvent particles are modelled in the collision step. The particles are sorted into collision cells with a lateral size $a$. Particle velocities within each cell are updated according to the collision rule

$$\vec {v}\_{i}\rightarrow {\vec {v}\_{\mathrm {CMS} }+{\hat {\mathbf {R} }({\vec {v}\_{i}-{\vec {v}\_{\mathrm {CMS} })}}}}$$

where $\vec {v}\_{\mathrm {CMS} }$ is the centre of mass velocity of the particles in the collision cell and $\hat {\mathbf {R} }$ is a rotation matrix. In two dimensions, $\hat {\mathbf {R} }$ performs a rotation by an angle $+\alpha $ or $-\alpha $ with probability $1/2$. In three dimensions, the rotation is performed by an angle $\alpha $ around a random rotation axis. The same rotation is applied for all particles within a given collision cell, but the direction (axis) of rotation is statistically independent both between all cells and for a given cell in time.

If the structure of the collision grid defined by the positions of the collision cells is fixed, Galilean invariance is violated. It is restored with the introduction of a random shift of the collision grid.

Explicit expressions for the diffusion coefficient and viscosity derived based on Green-Kubo relations are in excellent agreement with simulations.

## Simulation parameters

The set of parameters for the simulation of the solvent are:

* solvent particle mass $m$
* average number of solvent particles per collision box $n\_{s}$
* lateral collision box size $a$
* stochastic rotation angle $\alpha $
* kT (energy)
* time step $\delta t\_{\mathrm {MPC} }$

The simulation parameters define the solvent properties, such as

where $d$ is the dimensionality of the system.

A typical choice for normalisation is $a=1,\\;kT=1,\\;m=1$. To reproduce fluid-like behaviour, the remaining parameters may be fixed as $\alpha =130^{o},\\;n\_{s}=10,\\;\delta t\_{\mathrm {MPC} }\in \[0.01;0.1\]$.

## Applications

MPC has become a notable tool in the simulations of many soft-matter systems, including


title: X (Intocable album)

abstract: X is a double album by Regional Mexican band Intocable, released on February 15, 2005 through EMI Latin. It was produced by René Martínez and Ricardo Muñoz, two members of the band, alongside Pepe Aguilar, Carlos Cabral Jr., Jason Cano, Alex Espinoza, Chuy Flores, Kinky, Jorge Lares Amaro, Sacha Triujeque, Alan Baxter, Nir Seroussi and Tom Baumgartner. The album features collaborations from Kinky, Jumbo, DJ Kane, Ice, Tego Calderon, Volován, Pepe Aguilar and Natalia y la Forquetina. At the 6th Annual Latin Grammy Awards, the album was nominated for Album of the Year and Best Engineered Album and won Best Norteño Album while "Aire" won Best Regional Mexican Song. It was also nominated for Best Mexican/Mexican-American Album at the 48th Annual Grammy Awards. The album topped the Regional Mexican Albums chart, being the band's ninth album to do so, it also peaked at numbers two and sixty-two on the Top Latin Albums and Billboard 200 charts, respectively. In addition, it was certified platinum in both Mexico and United States.

text:
# X (Intocable album)

***X*** (also titled ***X (Diez)***, "Ten" in English) is a double album by Regional Mexican band Intocable, released on February 15, 2005 through EMI Latin. It was produced by René Martínez and Ricardo Muñoz, two members of the band, alongside Pepe Aguilar, Carlos Cabral Jr., Jason Cano, Alex Espinoza, Chuy Flores, Kinky, Jorge Lares Amaro, Sacha Triujeque, Alan Baxter, Nir Seroussi and Tom Baumgartner. The album features collaborations from Kinky, Jumbo, DJ Kane, Ice, Tego Calderon, Volován, Pepe Aguilar and Natalia y la Forquetina.

At the 6th Annual Latin Grammy Awards, the album was nominated for Album of the Year and Best Engineered Album and won Best Norteño Album while "Aire" won Best Regional Mexican Song. It was also nominated for Best Mexican/Mexican-American Album at the 48th Annual Grammy Awards.

The album topped the Regional Mexican Albums chart, being the band's ninth album to do so, it also peaked at numbers two and sixty-two on the Top Latin Albums and Billboard 200 charts, respectively. In addition, it was certified platinum in both Mexico and United States.

## Background

The double album is an anniversary package produced to celebrate the band's ten-year career signed under EMI Latin, the album is composed by two discs, the first one consists of fourteen original tracks, while the second one is titled *X-tra* and consists of eleven versions of various songs by the band recorded by themselves and different artists such as Mexican rock bands Kinky ("Coquta") and Jumbo ("Enséñame a Olvidarte"), as well as American singers Pepe Aguilar ("Fuerte No Soy") and DJ Kane ("En Paz Descanse" and "Es Tan Bello (R&B Version)"), among others.

## Singles

The song "Aire" was released as a single to promote the album prior to its release, the song debuted at number 23 on the Hot Latin Songs chart, eventually reaching the top position for four weeks, being the band's first and only number-one song in the chart to date. The songs "Contra Viento y Marea" and "Alguien te va a Hacer Llorar" also appeared on the chart, peaking at number two and seventeen, respectively, both in 2006. Additionally, both "Aire" and "Contra Viento y Marea" topped the Regional Mexican Songs chart, being the band's ninth and tenth number-one song on the chart.

## Critical reception

Leila Cobos from American magazine *Billboard* commented that "while *X* has sophisticated norteño fare like the single "Aire", *X-tra* has delicious readings of songs like "Enséñame a Olvidarte" (performed by Jumbo) and a crunchy rock'n'roll version of "Ya Ves" by Volován", she finished the review writing that "the end result is a disc for purists and thrill seekers, anchored by fine songs that endure different genres and arrangements".

## Track listing

*X* track listing
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Producer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Soledad (Siento Morir)" | * Johnny Lee Rosas * Josué Contreras | * Intocable * Ricardo Muñoz * René Martínez * Alan Baxter * Nir Seroussi | 3:43 |
| 2. | "Alguien te va a Hacer Llorar" | * Luis Gerardo Padilla | * Intocable | 4:09 |
| 3. | "En Paz Descanse" | * Aarón Martínez "La Pantera" | * Intocable * Muñoz * Martínez * Baxter * Seroussi | 3:21 |
| 4. | "Aire" | * Rosas * Contreras | * Intocable | 4:04 |
| 5. | "Momentos" | * Martínez "La Pantera" | * Intocable * Muñoz * Martínez * Baxter * Seroussi | 2:01 |
| 6. | "Olvídame Tú" | * Valentino | * Intocable * Muñoz * Martínez * Baxter * Seroussi | 3:12 |
| 7. | "A Obscuras" | * José Roberto Martínez | * Intocable * Muñoz * Martínez * Baxter * Seroussi | 3:15 |
| 8. | "Herido del Corazón" | * Padilla | * Intocable * Muñoz * Martínez * Baxter * Seroussi | 3:26 |
| 9. | "Ahora que te Perdí" | * Valentino | * Intocable * Muñoz * Martínez * Baxter * Seroussi | 3:39 |
| 10. | "Te Amo" | * Padilla | * Intocable * Muñoz * Martínez * Baxter * Seroussi | 3:50 |
| 11. | "Es Mejor Decir Adiós" | * Padilla | * Intocable * Muñoz * Martínez * Baxter * Seroussi | 4:20 |
| 12. | "Es Alguien Más" | * Padilla | * Intocable * Muñoz * Martínez * Baxter * Seroussi | 3:14 |
| 13. | "Tiempo" | * Martínez "La Pantera" | * Intocable * Muñoz * Martínez * Baxter * Seroussi | 3:27 |
| 14. | "A Veces" | * Padilla | * Intocable * Muñoz * Martínez * Baxter * Seroussi | 3:35 |
| 15. | "Contra Viento y Marea" | * J. E. Murgia * Mauricio L. Arriaga | * Muñoz | 3:41 |
| Total length: | | | | 53:01 |

*X-tra* track listing
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Producer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Aire (Pop Version)" | * Rosas * Contreras | * Intocable | 4:12 |
| 2. | "Coqueta" (featuring Kinky) | * Padilla |  | 3:37 |
| 3. | "Enseñame a Olvidarte" (featuring Jumbo) | * Padilla | * Chuy Flores | 3:50 |
| 4. | "En Paz Descanse" (featuring DJ Kane, Ice and Tego Calderon) | * Padilla | * Alex Espinoza | 3:09 |
| 5. | "Ya Ves" (featuring Volován) | * Padilla | * Sacha Truijeque | 3:26 |
| 6. | "Estas que te Pelas" | * Cornelio Reyna Jr. * Marco Antonio Pérez | * Flores | 4:13 |
| 7. | "Fuerte No Soy" (featuring Pepe Aguilar) | * Pérez * Ricardo Muñoz |  | 4:26 |
| 8. | "Déjate Amar" | * Mariajose Ospino | * Flores | 4:31 |
| 9. | "Es Tan Bello (R&B Version)" (featuring DJ Kane) | * Miguel Mendoza |  | 3:52 |
| 10. | "Déjame Amarte" | * Eduardo Alanis | * Carlos Cabral Jr. | 3:19 |
| 11. | "Y Todo Para Qué" (featuring Natalia y la Forquetina) | * Pedro Reyna | * Jorge Luis Amaro Lares | 3:10 |
| 12. | "Entre Querer y Amar" | * Adrian "Nano" González * Marc Tovar | * Cabral Jr. | 3:44 |
| Total length: | | | | 45:35 |

## Charts

Weekly chart performance for *X*
| Chart (2005) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| US *Billboard* 200 | 62 |
| US Top Latin Albums (*Billboard*) | 2 |
| US Regional Mexican Albums (*Billboard*) | 1 |
|

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Mexico (AMPROFON) | 2× Platinum | 200,000^ |
| United States (RIAA) | 2× Platinum (Latin) | 200,000^ |
| ^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## InfoBox

| X | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Intocable | |
| Released | February 15, 2005 (2005-02-15) |
| Genre |  |
| Length | Disc one: 53:01
Disc two: 45:35 |
| Label | EMI Latin |
| Producer | * Intocable * Pepe Aguilar * Carlos Cabral Jr. * Jason Cano * Alex Espinoza * Chuy Flores * Kinky * Jorge Lares Amaro * René Martínez * Ricardo Muñoz * Sacha Triujeque * Alan Baxter * Nir Seroussi * Tom Baumgartner |
| Intocable chronology | |
| *Intimamente*
(2004) ***X***
(2005) *Crossroads: Cruce de Caminos*
(2006) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *X* | |
| 1. "Aire"
Released: 2005 | |
|  | |


title: X (K-Ci & JoJo album)

abstract: X is the third studio album by American R&B duo and brothers K-Ci & JoJo, released December 5, 2000 on MCA. Recording sessions took place during 1999–2000. Production was handled by various producers, including Mike Smoov, Rory Bennett, and DeVante Swing. The album peaked at number twenty on the US Billboard 200. It achieved acceptable international charting and produced two singles that had minor success charting. The lead single "Crazy" would peak at number 11 on the US Billboard Hot 100. Upon its release, X received average reviews from music critics. The album has been certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), for shipments of 1,000,000 copies in the United States.

text:
# X (K-Ci & JoJo album)

***X*** is the third studio album by American R&B duo and brothers K-Ci & JoJo, released December 5, 2000 on MCA. Recording sessions took place during 1999–2000. Production was handled by various producers, including Mike Smoov, Rory Bennett, and DeVante Swing. The album peaked at number twenty on the US *Billboard* 200. It achieved acceptable international charting and produced two singles that had minor success charting. The lead single "Crazy" would peak at number 11 on the US *Billboard* Hot 100. Upon its release, *X* received average reviews from music critics. The album has been certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), for shipments of 1,000,000 copies in the United States.

## Critical response

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *Rolling Stone* |  |
| *Vibe* |  |

*X* has received average reviews from music critics.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Producer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Honest Lover" |  | 5:43 |
| 2. | "Wanna Do You Right" | Roy "Royalty" Hamilton | 4:28 |
| 3. | "Get Back" | DeVante Swing | 3:42 |
| 4. | "Crazy" | Darrell Delite | 4:20 |
| 5. | "Game Face" | Static Major, Timbaland | 3:59 |
| 6. | "Thug N U Thug N Me" (featuring 2Pac) | Johnny J | 4:02 |
| 7. | "If It's Going to Work" |  | 3:27 |
| 8. | "All the Things I Should Have Known" | Kenneth "Babyface" Edmonds | 5:28 |
| 9. | "I Can't Find the Words" |  | 4:10 |
| 10. | "Something Inside of Me" |  | 4:33 |
| 11. | "One Last Time" |  | 3:59 |
| 12. | "Suicide/Slip & Fall" | DeVante Swing, Eric Hernandez | 8:09 |
| 13. | "Ooh Yeah" |  | 3:26 |

Bonus Tracks
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 13. | "Slip & Fall" | 3:26 |
| 14. | "Ooh Yeah" | 3:29 |

Japan Bonus Tracks
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 14. | "I Just Can't Leave" | 4:49 |
| 15. | "Crazy" (Remix) | 4:06 |

## Personnel

Credits for *X* adapted from liner notes.

| Track | Credits |
| --- | --- |
| "Honest Lover" | * Rory Bennett – producer, keyboards * Dave Guerrero – assistant engineer * JoJo Hailey – producer, vocals * K-Ci Hailey – vocalist * Damon Jones – executive creative director * Greg Mull – recorder * Dean Parks – acoustic guitar, electric guitar * Dave Pensado – mixer * Jason Rankings – assistant engineer * Randy Waldman – string arrangement * Eric White – digital editor * Woody Woodruff – recorder |
|

## Charts

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| United States (RIAA) | Platinum | 1,000,000^ |
| ^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## InfoBox

| X | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by K-Ci & JoJo | |
| Released | December 5, 2000 |
| Recorded | 1999–2000 |
| Genre | R&B |
| Length | 59:26 |
| Label | MCA |
| Producer | * Emanuel Officer * Joel "JoJo" Hailey * Rory Bennett * Craig Brockman * Tim Owens * Teddy Riley * Darrell "Delite" Allamby * Johnny J * Eric Hernandez * Brian Morgan * Roy "Royalty" Hamilton * Mike Smoov * DeVante Swing * Timbaland * Christopher Troy * Babyface * Ralph Stacy * Rose Griffin * Static Major |
| K-Ci & JoJo chronology | |
| *It's Real*
(1999) ***X***
(2000) *Emotional*
(2002) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *X* | |
| 1. "Crazy"
Released: March 2, 2001 2. "Wanna Do You Right"
Released: May 15, 2001 | |
|  | |


title: Municipal Museum of Bourg-en-Bresse

abstract: The Municipal Museum of Bourg-en-Bresse, sometimes known as the Brou museum, Musée du Monastère Royal de Brou or Beaux-Arts Museum is an art museum located inside the Monastery of Brou in France. The collections include painting, particularly Flemish and French, from the 15th century to the modern era. Sculpture is also represented, especially ancient religious sculpture.

text:
# Municipal Museum of Bourg-en-Bresse

The **Municipal Museum of Bourg-en-Bresse**, sometimes known as the **Brou museum**, **Musée du Monastère Royal de Brou** or **Beaux-Arts Museum** is an art museum located inside the Monastery of Brou in France.

The collections include painting, particularly Flemish and French, from the 15th century to the modern era. Sculpture is also represented, especially ancient religious sculpture.

## Location

The museum is located in one of the wings of the second of the three cloisters in the Monastery of Brou, in Bourg-en-Bresse prefecture of the Ain department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in Eastern France.

The museum covers 6,000m2.

## History

The museum was founded in 1854. The main collection of the museum was originally made up of 120 paintings donated in the middle of the 19th century by Thomas Riboud \[FR\] (1765–1835), lawyer and deputy of Ain who saved the abbey from destruction and protected it as a national monument.

As of 2022, 434 items were on display.

## Collections

### Flemish and Dutch paintings

The collection of Flemish and Dutch paintings includes four paintings by the official painter of the Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, two of which are the portraits of *young Charles V* and *Margaret of Austria*, the founder of the monastery of Brou, as well as 15th and 16th century works by Jan de Beer, Adrien Ysenbrandt, Jan Brueghel the Elder, Frans Snyders, Frans Franken, Pieter Codde, Adam Frans van der Meulen, Adriaen van der Kabel, Gerard Seghers, Bartholomeus Breenbergh, Pieter Neefs the Younger and Melchior d'Hondecoeter.

### Italian paintings

Italian paintings include two paintings by Defendente Ferrari as well as works by and Pietro della Vecchia and Francesco Fontebasso.

### French paintings

Featured French paintings up to the 18th century include works by Benoît Alhoste and Jacques Bizet's *Nature morte aux vieux livres (English: Still life with old books)* as well as works by Jean Jouvenet, Nicolas Pierre Loir, René-Antoine Houasse, François de Troy and Nicolas de Largillierre.

19th-century French paintings include paintings in the troubadour style by Fleury François Richard, Pierre Révoil, Gustave Moreau, Gustave Doré (and also one of his sculptures), Jean-François Millet, Elisa Blondel, and Louis Janmot.

French 20th century paintings include works by Jacques-Émile Blanche, Pierre Soulages and Olivier Debré.

### Other modern paintings

Other items that have featured in the museum include paintings by Shahabuddin Ahmed.

### Other collections

The museum's refectory also houses 12th–17th century religious sculptures, as well as furniture and earthenware.

## Exhibitions

46°11′50″N 5°14′10″E / 46.19720°N 5.23616°E / 46.19720; 5.23616

## InfoBox

Municipal Museum of Bourg-en-Bresse
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | Monastère royal de Brou (second cloître) 63
boulevard de Brou 01000
Bourg-en-Bresse |
| Website | www.monastere-de-brou.fr |


abstract: Music For Reliquary House / In 1980 I Was A Blue Square is a split album by American electronic musician Daniel Lopatin, known by his stage name Oneohtrix Point Never, and Rene Hell, the project of American electronic music artist Jeff Witscher. It showcases Lopatin's and Witscher's shift from the style of their early synthesizer-heavy recordings to electroacoustic music. The split album was released by NNA Tapes on September 17, 2012 to favorable opinions from professional reviewers. The first half of the LP is the Oneohtrix Point Never side Music for Reliquary House, a composition and set of remixes of audio Lopatin produced for Nate Boyce's audiovisual project Reliquary House. The primary sounds of the composition are bits of computer-produced human speech reconstructed into new sounds. The second half, In 1980 I Was A Blue Square by Rene Hell, is a suite of minimalist contemporary classical music that also includes electronic sounds.

text:
# Music for Reliquary House / In 1980 I Was a Blue Square

***Music For Reliquary House* / *In 1980 I Was A Blue Square*** is a split album by American electronic musician Daniel Lopatin, known by his stage name Oneohtrix Point Never, and Rene Hell, the project of American electronic music artist Jeff Witscher. It showcases Lopatin's and Witscher's shift from the style of their early synthesizer-heavy recordings to electroacoustic music. The split album was released by NNA Tapes on September 17, 2012 to favorable opinions from professional reviewers.

The first half of the LP is the Oneohtrix Point Never side *Music for Reliquary House*, a composition and set of remixes of audio Lopatin produced for Nate Boyce's audiovisual project *Reliquary House*. The primary sounds of the composition are bits of computer-produced human speech reconstructed into new sounds. The second half, *In 1980 I Was A Blue Square* by Rene Hell, is a suite of minimalist contemporary classical music that also includes electronic sounds.

## Composition

For both Daniel Lopatin and Jeff Witscher, ***Music For Reliquary House*** and ***In 1980 I Was A Blue Square*** are shifts from their early synthesizer-heavy recordings to electroacoustic music. *Pitchfork* journalist Nick Neyland called both sides "coarse and challenging, a serrated edge severed into a once-placid template."

### *Music For Reliquary House*

The Oneohtrix Point Never glitch composition *Music for Reliquary House*, is a reworking of audio Lopatin made for *Reliquary House*, an audiovisual piece by Nate Boyce that was performed at the Museum of Modern Art on December 17, 2011. It is a satirical envisioning of modernist sculptures by sculptors such as David Smith, Anthony Caro, Isamu Noguchi, and Tony Smith as what the press release from NNA Tapes described as "hallucinatory informatic assaults." Neyland compared *Music for Reliquary House* to the Stereolab album *Music for the Amorphous Body Study Center* (1995) in that both records are "musical digression, pulling on fibers of already extant ideas, taking them to a place ill-suited to the traditional album format." Steve Kerr of *XLR8R* labeled it a commentary on telecommunication, where "the chief result of its stammering, interwoven chatter is disconnectedness."

*Fact* magazine journalist Steve Shaw wrote that *Music for Reliquary House* brings together electroacoustic methods with a "noise-based, live laptop-and-MIDI-controller kind of aesthetic," and an "abundance of detail," as well as "some vicious movement and content less common to electroacoustic music," comes from this hybrid. He highlighted the composition's use of "unexpected" elements, such as rave music-esque synth stabs, "contorted" and "strained" electronic sounds, lack of transition between vocal clips, and "fleeting burst\[s\]." He described the piece as a "sustained drama of constant builds and drops in intensity, an extremely slow pan taking in fearful, transcendental details." Mark Shukla of *The Skinny* labeled the tone of the composition as a "calming, meditative quality at odds with its chaotic structure."

All of the five parts on *Music for Reliquary House* contain snippets of computer-synthesized human speech reconstructed into new soundscapes, which, as the press release explained, are "starkly melodic at times, but altogether harsh and inhuman as a whole." Most of the vocal samples perform atonal riffs, and in the very few moments when they perform actual melodies, they are "melodic in the odd way that internet dial-up tones' splintery, collapsing bells are," wrote Kerr. Writer Rachael Markham described the tone of the speech structure as "gentle, yet unwavering, luring you almost to the point of hypnosis." Shaw categorized *Music for Reliquary House* as a religious piece due to the fact that voices are the primary instruments in the composition, comparing it to the works of György Ligeti in that it is "focusing more on a harrowing awe of the almighty than hallowed worship." The composition also features what Markham labeled as "otherworldly" synthesizer sounds that are "steadily elevating like ascension into heaven, droning and sagging like stagnant church organs, tumbling over each other in a fast-paced techno speed chase."

Colin Joyce, a journalist for *Beats Per Minute*, found *Music for Reliquary House* very "harsh" and unsettling for an Oneohtrix Point Never recording, writing that Lopatin "aims here less for an ethereal sweep or space-filling meander, opting instead for pointed, harsh, and chilling textures." These harsh sounds include circular saw-like noises on "Stone of Spiritiual Understanding," high-pitched sounds on "Free Ride," and the sound effect on "The Letter" that, in the words of Neyland, "sounds like Lopatin's hard drive attempting to turn itself inside out, edging close to the collapse-of-civilization vibe of "Nil Admirari" from *Returnal*."

### *In 1980 I Was A Blue Square*

*In 1980 I Was A Blue Square* is a suite of five tracks influenced by classical music from the middle of the 20th century. Neyland wrote that while it "bursts of willful antagonism that "zoom\[s\] into sporadic focus," it still serves as "introspection" after the harshness from *Music for Reliquary House*. It is a minimalist neo-classical work including electronically-produced sounds in the same vein as the works of acts CFCF, Telefon Tel Aviv and Tim Hecker. All of its five parts feature piano, strings, and glitchy, chaotic, and violent electronic sounds in its instrumentation. While maintaining the same styles and sounds of ambient and noise music as Witscher's previous works, *In 1980 I Was A Blue Square* was categorized by NNA Tapes as a contemporary piece with a combination of peaceful and aggressive tones that make "a rift of confusion that sits nicely between more vast, soundscape-like vignettes."

Joyce found *In 1980 I Was A Blue Square* different from the "spacey synth journeys" of Witscher's past records due to its use of acoustic instrumentation and simple compositions: "He aims less to explore the cosmos than to compose something simple and then turn it into something stirring." In describing this piece's combination of noise sounds with real instruments, Joyce analyzed, "There are obvious elements of both compositions, as string swells unearth themselves from the mire, but by and large, the haze is unidentifiable–uniform in its unique sweep, but with its components guarded. The fog is distinct, but its origins indeterminate."

"Meta Concrète" begins in a **12**
**8** time signature as a piano ballad with poorly-tuned chime sounds performing the lead melody. Several bit-reduced blip sounds and electronic noises then come into the track. "Quelque Terreur" consists of string sections, synthesized birdsong and synthesizer pad chords. "Prelude To The Bridge" was categorized by Shaw as a fast-paced "extraordinary 21st Century romantic" "Glass\- or Nyman-like piano adventure" that includes synths, "mournful strings" and "frantic frequency fits." "Qi," also known as "Variation In C," is a track involving woodwind, string and organ sounds fading in and out. Neyland used the track as an example of the contrasts in emotion and style that take place on *In 1980 I Was A Blue Square*, describing it as "one part oppressive death march, one part tilt up toward the sky." "Bl, Qs" is a variation of "Meta Concrète," containing the same chime, piano sounds, and **12**
**8** structure but now including the addition of vibrating sul ponticello strings.

## Release

“Meta Concrete” was released as the lead single of *Music For Reliquary House* / *In 1980 I Was A Blue Square* on August 28, 2012. On September 11, *Dummy* magazine premiered "Stone of Spiritual Understanding." On September 12, *Music For Reliquary House* / *In 1980 I Was A Blue Square* became available for streaming worldwide. It was released on vinyl and in digital stores in the United Kingdom on September 17, 2012 and in the United States a day later.

## Reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| *The 405* | 8/10 |
| *Beats per Minute* | *Music For Reliquary House*: 74%
*In 1980 I Was A Blue Square*: 81% |
| *Fact* | 4/5 |
| *The Line of Best Fit* | 6.5/10 |
| *Pitchfork* | 6.6/10 |
| *The Skinny* |  |
| *XLR8R* | 7/10 |

Markham, who reviewed for *The 405*, honored the split LP as "creative, original and above all personal, creating a view into the listener's individual paradise." Joyce spotlighted the album for having two sides being done by separate artists, writing that "without the organic warmth of Witscher’s side, Lopatin’s vocal manipulations might have come across as too unwieldy, too formless, too haughty to be revisited with any sort of regularity." Shaw praised *Music for Reliquary House* as a "dynamic total listen" while his opinion on *In 1980 I Was a Blue Square* was, "while the premise of pairing naïve, genuinely lovely classical compositions with the extremities and subtleties of sonic technology is a simple idea, the ability to do so successfully, featuring them together in such a way that the pieces are unfinished without one or the other, is far harder. Hell has done so, modestly and with highly commendable results."

Shukla praised the Oneohtrix Point Never side as "an unexpectedly soothing, though not particularly adventurous, excursion into the realm of glitch." However, he criticized the Rene Hell piece as "jarringly discordant and disappointingly polite, often coming across like a less elegantly realised take on Keith Fullerton Whitman's *Variations for Oud and Synthesizer*," but still found it "strangely compelling" due to its "heavy-handed play of contrasts." Kerr described the listening experience of *Music for Reliquary House* as listening to a film score without watching the accompanying film: "It's pleasing enough, but rarely transcendent. There's an innate feeling throughout that one piece of the puzzle is missing."

## Track listing

Source:

Side A: *Music For Reliquary House* by Oneohtrix Point Never
| No. | Title | Sculpture by | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Stone of Spiritual Understanding" | Isamu Noguchi | 5:07 |
| 2. | "Midday" | Anthony Caro | 3:16 |
| 3. | "Free Ride" | Tony Smith | 6:54 |
| 4. | "Cubi X" | David Smith | 2:58 |
| 5. | "The Letter" | D. Smith | 4:02 |
| Total length: | | | 22:17 |

Side B: *In 1980 I Was A Blue Square* by Rene Hell
| No. | Title | Alternate Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Meta Concrete" |  | 4:12 |
| 2. | "Untitled Solo 4" | "Quelque Terreur" | 2:29 |
| 3. | "The Bridge" | "Prelude To The Bridge" | 3:22 |
| 4. | "Qi" | "Variation in C" | 6:40 |
| 5. | "Quick Folding Motion" | "Bl Qs"" | 2:08 |
| Total length: | | | 18:51 |

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format(s) | Label |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Worldwide | September 12, 2012 | Streaming | NNA Tapes |
| United Kingdom | September 17, 2012 | |  |
| United States | | | September 18, 2012 |

## InfoBox

| Music For Reliquary House / In 1980 I Was A Blue Square | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Oneohtrix Point Never and Rene Hell | |
| Released | September 17, 2012 |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 41:08 |
| Label | NNA Tapes |
| Producer |  |
|  | |
| Daniel Lopatin chronology | |
| *Replica*
(2011) ***Music For Reliquary House***
(2012) *Instrumental Tourist*
(2012) | |
| Rene Hell chronology | |
| *The Terminal Symphony*
(2011) ***In 1980 I Was A Blue Square***
(2012) *Vanilla Call Option*
(2013) | |
| Side A cover | |
|  | |
| *Music for Reliquary House* | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Music for Reliquary House* | |
| 1. "Stone of Spiritual Understanding."
Released: September 11, 2012 | |
| Side B cover | |
|  | |
| *In 1980 I Was a Blue Square* | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *In 1980 I Was A Blue Square* | |
| 1. "Meta Concrete"
Released: August 28, 2012 | |
|  | |


title: Music for Prancing

abstract: Music for Prancing is an album by saxophonist Warne Marsh recorded in 1957 and originally released on the Mode label.

text:
# Music for Prancing

***Music for Prancing*** is an album by saxophonist Warne Marsh recorded in 1957 and originally released on the Mode label.

## Reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| *Allmusic* |  |
| *The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings* |  |

The Allmusic review noted "With a reputation as one of the originators of cool jazz, it's ironic that over the years tenor saxophonist Warne Marsh gained a following of musicians mainly associated with the avant-garde, spearheaded by multi-reedist Anthony Braxton. These musicians heard what this disc demonstrates: that cool didn't always mean smoothed out".

## Track listing

1. "You Are Too Beautiful" (Richard Rodgers, Lorenz Hart) – 5:30
2. "Autumn in New York" (Vernon Duke) – 4:58
3. "Playa del Ray" (Warne Marsh) – 4:59
4. "Ad Libido" (Ronnie Ball) – 4:24
5. "Everything Happens to Me" (Matt Dennis, Tom Adair) – 6:41
6. "It's All Right with Me" (Cole Porter) – 4:15

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| Music for Prancing | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Warne Marsh Quartet | |
| Released | 1957 |
| Recorded | September 19, 1957 |
| Studio | Radio Recorders, Los Angeles, CA |
| Genre | Jazz |
| Length | 30:47 |
| Label | Mode
MOD-LP 125 |
| Producer | Red Clyde |
| Warne Marsh chronology | |
| *The Right Combination*
(1957) ***Music for Prancing***
(1957) *Warne Mash*
(1958) | |


title: Wylye

abstract: Wylye is a village and civil parish on the River Wylye in Wiltshire, England. The village is about 9+1⁄2 miles (15 km) northwest of Salisbury and a similar distance southeast of Warminster. The parish extends north and south of the river, and includes the hamlet of Deptford. Today Deptford is at the junction of two primary roads, the A303 and the A36. In 1934 half of Fisherton parish was added to Wylye, including the small village of Fisherton Delamere.

text:
# Wylye

**Wylye** (/ˈwli/) is a village and civil parish on the River Wylye in Wiltshire, England. The village is about 9+12 miles (15 km) northwest of Salisbury and a similar distance southeast of Warminster.

The parish extends north and south of the river, and includes the hamlet of **Deptford**. Today Deptford is at the junction of two primary roads, the A303 (London to the southwest) and the A36 (Southampton to Bristol). In 1934 half of Fisherton parish was added to Wylye, including the small village of Fisherton Delamere.

## History

A collection of Bronze Age jewellery found near the village by metal detectorists in 2012, known as the Wylye Hoard, is held by Salisbury Museum. Bilbury Rings, on the southern slope of the valley, is an Iron Age hillfort. Nearby is a prehistoric field system.

A Roman road from Winchester to the Mendips passes through the southern edge of the parish. The boundaries of Wyle manor, and possibly also of Deptford manor, were defined in the 10th century. Domesday Book in 1086 recorded a settlement at *Wilet*, and a mill, on land held by Wilton Abbey. *Depeford* (Deptford) also had a mill but only six households, on land held by Edward of Salisbury. In the 13th and early 14th centuries, the river marked the northern edge of Grovely Forest, as far downstream as Wylye.

The two parts of the parish were separate tithings. Wylye, south of the river, was in Chalke hundred, while Deptford together with Bathampton (now in Steeple Langford) formed a tithing of Heytesbury hundred.

Deptford manor passed through several owners until being acquired by the Dukes of Somerset in 1783; the 15th Duke sold Deptford farm in 1919.

After the dissolution, Wylye manor was bought in 1547 by Sir William Herbert (later Earl of Pembroke), and remained with the Pembrokes until 1918 when it was sold as separate farms.

Deptford had an inn from at least the early 18th century; it was demolished in the mid 19th. At the mill at Wylye, powered by the river, corn was ground or the fulling stage of cloth-making was carried out; at times it had both functions. A three-storey red-brick mill was built on the same site in 1872, and continued in use until 1962. A Congregational chapel was built in Wylye village in 1860 and closed in 2001.

The road from Amesbury to Mere passed through both Deptford and Wylye, and was turnpiked in 1761. The river crossing north of Wylye village, near the mill, was a ford until a bridge was built in the mid-18th century. The WiltonWarminster road crosses the Amesbury road at Deptford, and was also turnpiked in 1761. These roads were designated as trunk roads: the A36 in 1946 and the A303 in 1958. In 1975 their junction was redesigned, with both upgraded to dual carriageways, the A303 diverted away from Wylye village, and the A36 passing close to the remnants of Deptford.

Most of the village was designated as a Conservation Area in 1975.

Fisherton Delamere village is about half a mile from Deptford, on the road towards Warminster; Fisherton tithing was anciently a detached part of Warminster hundred. When Fisherton parish was extinguished in 1934, its eastern part – including the village – was attached to Wylye parish.

## Parish church

The first record of a rector at Wylye is in 1249. The present Church of England parish church of St Mary, in dressed limestone and flint, is largely an 1846 rebuilding to designs by Wyatt and Brandon, retaining only the 15th-century tower and the chancel walls, including the 13th-century east window. The church was designated as Grade II\* listed in 1960.

The six bells include one cast c.1420 at Salisbury, and another in 1587 by John Wallis; the treble came from the redundant church at Fisherton. The matching pulpit, lectern and prayer desk were transferred from St Mary's a Wilton when it was demolished in the 1840s; the carved oak pulpit with large sounding board is dated 1628, and was considered by Pevsner to be a "splendid piece".

Rectors include Alexander Hyde, from 1634, who later was bishop of Salisbury.

Monuments in the churchyard include an area screened by 18th-century railings. The parish war memorial, erected soon after the First World War, also stands in the churchyard.

The benefice was united with Fisherton Delamere in 1929, and the parsonage house at Fisherton was to be sold, although the parishes remained distinct. Stockton was added to the benefice in 1957, and in 1973 a united benefice of Wylye, Fisherton Delamere and The Langfords (Steeple Langford and Little Langford) was created. The next year, the parishes of Wylye and Fisherton Delamere were united. Today the parish is part of the Wylye and Till Valley benefice, alongside eight others. Parish registers from 1581 are held at the Wiltshire and Swindon History Centre, Chippenham.

Deptford had a chapel which fell out of use in the 16th century; its site is unknown.

## Notable buildings

Deptford Farmhouse, now surrounded by roads, was built in dressed limestone in the late 17th century and altered in 1810; nearby is a timber-framed and weatherboarded granary from the early 19th century.

The former Wylye rectory, in stuccoed flint and limestone, is a substantial early 19th century building, as are Wylye House, a former farmhouse on the south bank of the river, and Court Farmhouse on the eastern edge of the village.

## Amenities

There is a pub, the Bell Inn (a 17th-century building on the High Street) and a village hall.

There is no school in the parish; the nearest primary school is at Codford. A National School was built near the church in 1873, superseding an earlier building. In 1938 children aged 11 and over were transferred to Wilton and the school closed in 1973 owing to the small number of pupils.

The Site of Special Scientific Interest known as Wylye and Church Dean Downs, and part of the Starveall and Stony Down site, are within the parish.

## Railway

The Salisbury branch line was built through the Wylye valley in 1856 by the Great Western Railway, passing close to the south of Wylye village. Wylye station was west of the level crossing on the road to Dinton, and from the 1940s to 1951 had sidings which served the RAF ordnance depot in Grovely Wood. The station was closed in 1955 when local passenger services were withdrawn; the line continues in use as part of the Wessex Main Line.

## Notable residents

W. H. Allen (1863-1943), landscape watercolour artist, lived in the parish from 1932. Michael Dobbs (born 1948), Baron Dobbs of Wylye, Conservative politician and author, lives in the parish.

Media related to Wylye (village) at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Wylye | |
| --- | --- |
| Wylye Post Office | |
| WylyeLocation within Wiltshire | |
| Population | 412 (in 2011) |
| OS grid reference | SU008377 |
| Civil parish | * Wylye |
| Unitary authority |  |
| Ceremonial county |  |
| Region |  |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | Warminster |
| Postcode district | BA12 |
| Dialling code | 01985 |
|  | |
| Police | Wiltshire |
| Fire | Dorset and Wiltshire |
| Ambulance | South Western |
|  | |
| UK Parliament |  |
| Website | Parish Council |
|


title: Wzdów

abstract: Wzdów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Haczów, within Brzozów County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. It lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) south-east of Haczów, 9 km (6 mi) south of Brzozów, and 47 km (29 mi) south of the regional capital Rzeszów. The palace at Wzdów was the seat the Polish noble family of Ostoja-Ostaszewski. After the expropriation of landlords in Poland by the communist regime in 1944/1945, the palace fell into ruin.

text:
# Wzdów

**Wzdów** \[vzduf\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Haczów, within Brzozów County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. It lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) south-east of Haczów, 9 km (6 mi) south of Brzozów, and 47 km (29 mi) south of the regional capital Rzeszów. The palace at Wzdów was the seat the Polish noble family of Ostoja-Ostaszewski. After the expropriation of landlords in Poland by the communist regime in 1944/1945, the palace fell into ruin.

## InfoBox

| Wzdów | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Ostaszewski Palace | |
| Wzdów | |
| Coordinates: 49°37′N 22°1′E / 49.617°N 22.017°E / 49.617; 22.017 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Subcarpathian |
| County | Brzozów |
| Gmina | Haczów |
| Population | 1,000 |


title: Stephen Kent (musician)

abstract: Stephen Kent is a professional didgeridoo performer, percussionist, composer and recording artist. He lives in the San Francisco Bay Area.

text:
# Stephen Kent (musician)

**Stephen Kent** is a professional didgeridoo performer, percussionist, composer and recording artist. He lives in the San Francisco Bay Area.

## Musical career

Forming the band Lights in a Fat City (with percussionist Eddy Sayer & producer/sound engineer Simon Tassano), he made the first contemporary releases of didjeridu music in the northern hemisphere (the landmark LP/CDs *Somewhere* and *Sound Column* on These Records, since reissued by City of Tribes) in 1988.

With the band Trance Mission, he joined the ranks of Jon Hassell, Steve Roach, and Robert Rich in exploring primal, techno-tribal music. Trance Mission was co-formed in San Francisco in 1992 by Stephen Kent (Didjeridu/Percussion), Beth Custer (Clarinets/Trumpet), John Loose (Multi-Ethnic Drums/Samples), and Kenneth Newby (Asian Winds/Digital Atmospheres), making up the quartet which produced 3 globally acclaimed CDs on the City of Tribes label over as many years in the mid-nineties. After several European tours and many live appearances on the West Coast of the US, Loose and Newby moved on to other projects while Custer and Kent continued as Trance Mission, with Eda Maxym (also of Beasts of Paradise) joining on vocals and Canadian Peter Valsamis on Drums/Samples. This version of Trance Mission produced a live CD, "A Day out of Time", in 1999. Another version of Trance Mission performed at the Starwood Festival in 2006, featuring Stephen Kent, Peter Valsamis, Geoffrey Gordon, Eda Maxym and cellist Rufus Cappadocia. (Kent had performed as a soloist at Starwood the previous year, opening for Brazilian percussionist Airto Moreira.)

In the 21st century, Stephen Kent released two more solo CDs, *Oil & Water* and *Living Labyrinths*, on his Family Tree label. Recent projects include several years of combining with Tuvan throat singing sensations, Chirgilchin as Karashay, ongoing work with Moroccan musician Yassir Chadly, performing with Malian oriented bluesman Markus James and his group the Wassonrai (who include Kamale ngoni master Mamadou Sidibe), Eda Maxym's Imagination Club, and the Del Sol String Quartet (with whom he plays the work of Australian composer Peter Sculthorpe), who recently performing at the Library of Congress in Washington DC.

His current projects include two trio groups oriented towards Indian music. One is Australian Bebop Ragas with Teed Rockwell (Chapman Stick/Fretboard Tapping Instrument) and Sameer Gupta (Tabla/Drums). The second, Baraka Moon, includes Geoffrey Gordon (Drums/Percussion) and Sukhawat Ali Khan (Vocals/Harmonium).

## Recording artist

Kent has released several recordings as a solo artist and appears on recordings of group projects such as Trance Mission, Beasts of Paradise, and Lights in a Fat City. He has also done session work with artists such as Airto Moreira, and Badi Assad (on her album *Chameleon*). He produced and performed on the album *Halcyon Days* (1996) together with Steve Roach and Kenneth Newby, and performed on the soundtrack of the Terence McKenna video *Alien Dreamtime* with Spacetime Continuum.

## Discography

* 1980 – Furious Pig – *I Don't Like Your Face* 12" EP \[Rough Trade\]
* 1988 – Lights in a Fat City *Somewhere* \[These Records/City of Tribes '93\]
* 1990 – Lights in a Fat City *Simple Harmonic Motion* (Video soundtrack. Independent)
* 1990 – Stephen Kent *Ocho Elefantes* \[Burnt Earth Music\]
* 1992 – Stephen Kent *Songs From the Burnt Earth* \[Burnt Earth\]
* 1993 – Lights in a Fat City *Sound Column* \[Extreme\]
* 1993 – Trance Mission *Trance Mission* \[City of Tribes\]
* 1994 – Spacetime Continuum, Terence McKenna & Stephen Kent *Alien Dreamtime* \[Astralwerks\]
* 1994 – Stephen Kent *Landing* \[City of Tribes\]
* 1994 – Stephen Kent/Various Artists *Event Horizon* \[City of Tribes\]
* 1994 – Trance Mission *Meanwhile* \[City of Tribes\]
* 1995 – Beasts of Paradise *Nobody Knew the Time* \[City of Tribes\]
* 1995 – Various Artists *Event Horizon Psi* \[City of Tribes\]
* 1995 – Beasts of Paradise *Gathered on the Edge* \[City of Tribes\]
* 1996 – Trance Mission *Head Light* \[City of Tribes\]
* 1996 – Stephen Kent, Steve Roach, Kenneth Newby *Halcyon Days* \[Fathom\]
* 1996 – Various Artists *Event Horizon Tao* \[City of Tribes\]
* 1997 – Stephen Kent *Family Tree* \[Double CD – City of Tribes\]
* 1998 – Badi Assad *Chameleon* (CD – Polygram Records)
* 1999 – Trance Mission *A Day Out of Time* \[City of Tribes\] April '99
* 1999 – Lights in a Fat City *Memory Ground* \[City of Tibes\] August '99.
* 2000 – Michel Portal, Stephen Kent, Mino Cinelu "Burundi" (Musisoft)
* 2004 – Stephen Kent *Oil & Water* (Family Tree)
* 2006 – *Stephen Kent Live at Starwood* (CD – Starwood Recordings/ACE)
* 2006 – *Stephen Kent Live at Starwood* (DVD – Starwood Recordings/ACE)
* 2007 – Stephen Kent *Living Labyrinths* (Family Tree)
* 2007 – Eda Maxym (with Stephen Kent) *Imagination Club* (Family Tree)
* 2014 - Sculthorpe, P.: String Quartets with Didjeridu (with Del Sol String Quartet) Dorian Sono Luminus, DSL-92181