title: Radio Free Brooklyn

abstract: Radio Free Brooklyn (RFB) is a 501(c)3 non-profit organization that operates a freeform internet radio station headquartered at 199 Cook Street in the Bushwick neighborhood of Brooklyn, NY. The station currently offers 78 original radio programs produced by members of the organization, including 63 weekly live broadcasts originating from their Brooklyn studio. The station also airs two syndicated programs: Democracy Now! and The BradCast.

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# Radio Free Brooklyn

**Radio Free Brooklyn** (**RFB**) is a 501(c)3 non-profit organization that operates a freeform internet radio station headquartered at 199 Cook Street in the Bushwick neighborhood of Brooklyn, NY. The station currently offers 78 original radio programs produced by members of the organization, including 63 weekly live broadcasts originating from their Brooklyn studio. The station also airs two syndicated programs: Democracy Now! and The BradCast.

## Mission and philosophy

Radio Free Brooklyn’s stated mission is to give a global voice to local artists, residents, community organizers and other non-profit institutions by providing a commercial-free freeform Internet Radio platform. All original programming is created by individual hosts, most of whom live and work in the greater NYC area, and has no restrictions or requirements imposed by the station. The resulting talk and music programming is an eclectic mix of talk and music with subjects such as local politics, LGBT issues, literature, and music.

Radio Free Brooklyn also has a stated commitment to what they call the “three pillars” of their philosophy: Community, Discovery and Education. Co-founder Tom Tenney summed up their philosophy by saying, “the focus is on providing our community members with an experience in media creation/curation that is enlightening, educational, critical, creative and hopefully, joyful.”

## History

Radio Free Brooklyn was launched on May 13, 2015, by Tom Tenney and Robert Prichard, both veteran producers of the NYC underground performance scene. Since that date, the station has produced 132 original shows broadcasting 24/7/365. For its first 30 months, Radio Free Brooklyn introduced new programming every six months, in May and November. But in November 2017 the station abandoned these 6-month "seasons" and now accepts new shows throughout the year on a rolling basis. All new hosts must first volunteer with the station for 3 months before being offered a permanent show.

## Recognition

In February 2016, Radio Free Brooklyn was profiled by the London Telegraph, in which writer Pete Naughton described Radio Free Brooklyn as “a glowing petri dish of creativity, variety, and counter-cultural energy.” The Mixcloud Online Radio Awards chose Radio Free Brooklyn as a finalist in the category, “Best Online Radio Station in North America” for both 2015 and 2016 On April 27, 2017, Time Out New York included Radio Free Brooklyn in their list of The Best Independent Online Radio Stations in NYC, and on July 28, 2017, Digital Trends listed the station as one of the 14 best Internet streaming radio stations.

## Notable guests

Some notable guests that have appeared on Radio Free Brooklyn programs include: Chuck Schumer, Robert Downey, Sr., Spencer Tunick, Kosmo Vinyl, Mike Doughty, Michelle Shocked, Anthony Haden-Guest, Christian Finnegan, Frank Conniff, John S. Hall, The Gregory Brothers, Sofia Rei, Annie Finch, Les Bohem, Myq Kaplan, Charles Busch, Kalmia Travers of Rubblebucket, You Bred Raptors?, Soul Inscribed, Irka Mateo, Lane Moore, Cinema Cinema, Battles, Computer Magic, Savoir Adore, Cassie and Maggie MacDonald, Kevin Allison, Ken Johnson, Diet Cig, Ben Curtis, Josh Ruben, Ben Newman (of DIIV), The East River String Band, Veronica Varlow, Reverend Jen, John Jastremski, Davi Santos, Jessie Woo, and Billy Magnussen.

40°41′56″N 73°55′30″W / 40.698913°N 73.925014°W / 40.698913; -73.925014

## InfoBox

Radio Free Brooklyn
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Programming | |
| Format | Freeform |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Radio Free Brooklyn |
| History | |
| First air date | May 13, 2015 |
| Links | |
| Webcast | Listen Live |
| Website | www.radiofreebrooklyn.org |


title: Maanaseega Kadhal

abstract: Maanaseega Kadhal is a 1999 Indian Tamil-language romance film, written, directed and produced by actor Ravichandran, under his real name P. S. Raman. The film stars Hamsavardhan and Sushva, while Ravichandran himself and Vaiyapuri portray supporting roles. The music for the film was composed by Deva and the film was released on 27 November 1999.

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# Maanaseega Kadhal

***Maanaseega Kadhal*** is a 1999 Indian Tamil-language romance film, written, directed and produced by actor Ravichandran, under his real name P. S. Raman. The film stars Hamsavardhan and Sushva, while Ravichandran himself and Vaiyapuri portray supporting roles. The music for the film was composed by Deva and the film was released on 27 November 1999.

## Cast

## Production

The film marked the acting debut of Hamsavardhan, son of veteran Tamil actor Ravichandran. Ravichandran also made his directorial debut with this film under his real name P. S. Raman.

## Soundtrack

The music was composed by Deva.

| Song | Singers | Lyrics | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| "Anandha Katre" | P. Unnikrishnan | Na. Muthukumar | 05:02 |
| "Kadala Kadala" | Krishnaraj | Kalidasan | 05:09 |
| "Kandha Kadamba" | Harish Raghavendra, Krishnaraj, Master Rohith | Na. Muthukumar | 05:09 |
| "Kooduvancheriyile" | Krishnaraj, Sushmitha | Chidambaranathan | 05:05 |
| "Signal Kidaikatha" | Unni Menon, Anuradha Sriram | Bhavanidasan | 03:54 |

## Reception

A reviewer from *Chennai Online* wrote, "Not much was expected of the film, with great publicity surrounding it, but surprisingly it has turned out to be a fairly engaging entertainer". The critic added "the takings are slightly old fashioned, but there are some twists and turns in the script" and "the second half could have been better worked out".

## InfoBox

| Maanaseega Kadhal | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | P. S. Raman |
| Written by | P. S. Raman |
| Produced by | P. S. Raman |
| Starring | Hamsavardhan
Sushva |
| Cinematography | Suriyan |
| Edited by | M. V. Prem—Harish N. P. |
| Music by | Deva |
| Production
company | Saibaba Creations |
| Release date | * 27 November 1999 (1999-11-27) |
| Country | India |
| Language | Tamil |


title: Magnar

abstract: Magnar is a somewhat common forename for men in Norway. The name is known in Norway from the late 19th century. The name may be derived from the Norse word magn meaning "Strength" or possibly from the Latin name Magnus.

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# Magnar

**Magnar** is a somewhat common forename for men in Norway. The name is known in Norway from the late 19th century. The name may be derived from the Norse word *magn* meaning *"Strength"* or possibly from the Latin name Magnus.

## Notable people

## InfoBox

Magnar
| Gender | Male |
| --- | --- |
| Language(s) | Norwegian |
| Origin | |
| Meaning | *"Strength"* |


title: Pentapodus vitta

abstract: Pentapodus vitta, the Western whiptail, Western butterfish, black stripe butterfish, striped whiptail or Western threadfin bream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Nemipteridae, the threadfin breams. This fish is found in the Eastern Indian Ocean.

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# Pentapodus vitta

***Pentapodus vitta*** , the **Western whiptail**, **Western butterfish**, **black stripe butterfish**, **striped whiptail** or **Western threadfin bream** , is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Nemipteridae, the threadfin breams. This fish is found in the Eastern Indian Ocean.

## Taxonomy

*Pentapodus vitta* was first formally described in 1824 by Jean René Constant Quoy and Joseph Paul Gaimard with its type locality given as Shark Bay in Western Australia. In describing this species Quoy and Gaimard proposed a new monospecific genus, *Pentapodus*, so this species is the type species of *Pentapodus* by monotypy. The 5th edition of *Fishes of the World* classifies the genus *Pentapodus* within the family Nemipteridae which it places in the order Spariformes.

## Etymology

*Pentapodus vitta* has the specific name *vitta* which means "stripe" or"band", an allusion to the brown lateral stripe.

## Description

*Pentapodus vitta* has its dorsal fin supported by 10 spines and 9 soft rays while the anal fin is supported by 3 spines and 7 soft rays. The scales on the head extend forward to a level immediately in front of or level with the rear nostrils. The scales between the nostrils are interrupted by a wedge shaped scaleless area. The suborbital is not scaled and neither is the lower limb of the preoperculum. The pelvic fins are moderately long extending to or nearly to the level of the anus. The caudal fin lobes are subequal in length and are pointed. The base colour of the body is silvery-white with a slender dark brown stripe, with turquoise margins, runs from over the eyes to the caudal peduncle; a second dark brown stripe runs from the tip of snout, through the eye and along the upper body, ending at the caudal peduncle; this stripe is wider as it approaches the tail and also has turquoise margins. The fins are transparent and the dorsal and anal fins have a thin, pale turquoise stripe just below their margins. This species has a maximum published total length of 26 cm (10 in) although 15 cm (5.9 in) standard length is more typical.

## Distribution and habitat

*Pentapodus vitta* is found in the eastern Indian Ocean off the coast of Western Australia where it ranges from the Dampier Archipelago to King George Sound. This is a benthopelagic species found over areas of sandy substrates next to rocky and coral reef areas, limestone outcrops, and seagrass beds. It has also been recorded in high numbers in recently dredged areas. Adults are typically found over sandy substrate near reefs while the juveniles are most frequent in shallow-water, seagrass beds In the winter they are found in shallower water nearest to the shore.

## Biology

*Pentapodus vitta* is a generalist predator, preying on benthic invertebrates and smaller fishes. The spawning season runs from October and February, peaking in November. This species has separate sexes and each individual will take part in spawning multiple times in the season. The maximum age known is 9 years.

## Fisheries

*Pentapodus vitta* is commonly taken as bycatch in fish and pawn trawl fisheries and it is targeted by recreational fishers, however, they earliest age most are caught is 3 years old so overfishing is unlikely as this is after the first age of sexual maturity.

## InfoBox

| *Pentapodus vitta* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Shark Bay, Western Australia | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Spariformes |
| Family: | Nemipteridae |
| Genus: | *Pentapodus* |
| Species: | ***P. vitta*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pentapodus vitta***
Quoy & Gaimard, 1824 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Scaevius vitta*  (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) * *Pentapus peronii*  Valenciennes, 1830 * *Pentapus iris*  Valenciennes, 1830 * *Smaris porosus*  Richardson, 1846 | |


title: V448 Carinae

abstract: V448 Carinae is a single star in the constellation Carina. It has the Bayer designation O Carinae, while V448 Carinae is the variable star designation. This object has an orange hue and is dimly visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude that fluctuates around 5.60. It is located at a distance of approximately 680 light years from the Sun based on parallax, and is drifting further away with a radial velocity of around +26 km/s. This is an aging giant star with a stellar classification of K5III. Having exhausted the supply of hydrogen at its core, it has cooled and expanded off the main sequence and now has 51 times the girth of the Sun. It is classified as a probable semiregular variable star with a sub-type of SRd and a brightness that varies from visual magnitude 5.66 down to 5.86 over a period of 56.5 days. The star is an estimated 2.85 billion years old with 1.73 times the mass of the Sun. It is radiating 582 times the luminosity of the Sun from its swollen photosphere at an effective temperature of 3,974 K.

text:
# V448 Carinae

**V448 Carinae** is a single star in the constellation Carina. It has the Bayer designation **O Carinae**, while *V448 Carinae* is the variable star designation. This object has an orange hue and is dimly visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude that fluctuates around 5.60. It is located at a distance of approximately 680 light years from the Sun based on parallax, and is drifting further away with a radial velocity of around +26 km/s.

This is an aging giant star with a stellar classification of K5III. Having exhausted the supply of hydrogen at its core, it has cooled and expanded off the main sequence and now has 51 times the girth of the Sun. It is classified as a probable semiregular variable star with a sub-type of SRd and a brightness that varies from visual magnitude 5.66 down to 5.86 over a period of 56.5 days. The star is an estimated 2.85 billion years old with 1.73 times the mass of the Sun. It is radiating 582 times the luminosity of the Sun from its swollen photosphere at an effective temperature of 3,974 K.

## InfoBox

V448 Carinae
|
A light curve for V448 Carinae, plotted from *TESS* data | |
| --- | --- |
| Observation data
Epoch J2000      Equinox J2000 | |
| Constellation | Carina |
|
| Right ascension | 06h 47m 18.70799s |
| Declination | −55° 32 23.9659 |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 5.60 (5.66 to 5.86) |
| Characteristics | |
|
| Spectral type | K5III |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| B−V color index | +1.549±0.010 |
|
|
|
|
| Variable type | SRd: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Astrometry | |
|  | |
| **Radial velocity (Rv)** | +25.58±4.64 km/s |
| **Proper motion (μ)** | RA: −0.99 mas/yr
Dec.: +25.05 mas/yr |
| **Parallax (π)** | 4.8123 ± 0.0860 mas |
| **Distance** | 680 ± 10 ly
(208 ± 4 pc) |
| **Absolute magnitude (MV)** | −0.72 |
|  | |
| Details | |
|  | |
| **Mass** | 1.73 |
| **Radius** | 50.90+1.15
−5.11 |
| **Luminosity** | 582.2±12.9 |
| **Temperature** | 3,974+216
−44 |
| **Age** | 2.85 Gyr |
|  | |
| Other designations | |
| O Car, V448 Car, NSV 3220, CPD−55°1063, GC 8912, HD 49877, HIP 32531, HR 2526, SAO 234710 | |
| Database references | |
| **SIMBAD** | data |


title: Liga ACB

abstract: The Liga ACB, known as Liga Endesa for sponsorship reasons, is the top professional basketball division of the Spanish basketball league system. Administered by the Asociación de Clubs de Baloncesto (ACB), Liga ACB is contested by 18 teams, with the two lowest-placed teams relegated to the Primera FEB and replaced by the top team in that division plus the winner of the promotion playoffs. The competition was founded as the ACB Primera División on 1983 following the decision of clubs in the Liga Nacional, founded in 1957, to break away from the Spanish Basketball Federation and professionalize the league. The league's accumulated revenues were worth around €30 million in 2020, with Endesa and Movistar Plus+ contributing 50% of the revenues of the league. The league is a corporation where president Antonio Martín is responsible for its management, whilst the member clubs act as shareholders. Clubs were apportioned central payment revenues of €12 million in 2019–20. A total of 52 teams have competed in Liga ACB since its inception in 1983. Seven teams have been crowned champions, with FC Barcelona winning the title a record 17 times and Real Madrid 15 times, though Liga ACB also saw other champions, including Baskonia, Joventut Badalona, Bàsquet Manresa, Baloncesto Málaga and Valencia Basket. Liga ACB is one of the most popular professional indoor sports leagues in the world, with an average attendance of 6,236 for league matches in the 2018–19 season. This is the ninth-highest of any domestic professional indoor sports league in the world and the fourth-highest of any professional basketball league in the world, behind the National Basketball Association, the EuroLeague, and the Women's National Basketball Association.

text:
# Liga ACB

The **Liga ACB**, known as **Liga Endesa** for sponsorship reasons, is the top professional basketball division of the Spanish basketball league system. Administered by the Asociación de Clubs de Baloncesto (ACB), Liga ACB is contested by 18 teams, with the two lowest-placed teams relegated to the Primera FEB and replaced by the top team in that division plus the winner of the promotion playoffs.

The competition was founded as the ACB Primera División on 1983 following the decision of clubs in the Liga Nacional, founded in 1957, to break away from the Spanish Basketball Federation and professionalize the league. The league's accumulated revenues were worth around €30 million in 2020, with Endesa and Movistar Plus+ contributing 50% of the revenues of the league. The league is a corporation where president Antonio Martín is responsible for its management, whilst the member clubs act as shareholders. Clubs were apportioned central payment revenues of €12 million in 2019–20.

A total of 52 teams have competed in Liga ACB since its inception in 1983. Seven teams have been crowned champions, with FC Barcelona winning the title a record 17 times and Real Madrid 15 times, though Liga ACB also saw other champions, including Baskonia, Joventut Badalona, Bàsquet Manresa, Baloncesto Málaga and Valencia Basket.

Liga ACB is one of the most popular professional indoor sports leagues in the world, with an average attendance of 6,236 for league matches in the 2018–19 season. This is the ninth-highest of any domestic professional indoor sports league in the world and the fourth-highest of any professional basketball league in the world, behind the National Basketball Association, the EuroLeague, and the Women's National Basketball Association.

## Competition format

The competition format follows the usual double round-robin format. During the course of a season, which lasts from October to May, each club plays every other club twice, once at home and once away, for a total of 34 games. Teams are ranked by total wins, with the eight highest-ranked clubs at the end of the season plays the playoffs and the winner of the playoffs is crowned champion.

### Relegation and promotion

A system of relegation and promotion exists between the Liga ACB and the Primera FEB. The two lowest placed teams in Liga ACB are relegated to the Primera FEB, and the top team from the Primera FEB promoted to Liga ACB, with an additional club promoted after a series of playoffs involving the second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth placed clubs. Below is a complete record of how many teams played in each season throughout the league's history:

Number of clubs in Liga ACB throughout the years
| Period (in years) | No. of clubs | Relegations | Promotions |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1983–1986 | 16 clubs | 3 clubs | 3 clubs |
| 1986–1988 | | 2 clubs | 2 clubs |
| 1988–1992 | | | 24 clubs |
| 1992–1993 | | | 22 clubs |
| 1993–1996 | | | 20 clubs |
| 1996–2008 | | | 18 clubs |
| 2008–2009 | | | 17 clubs |
| 2009–2016 | | | 18 clubs |
| 2016–2017 | | | 17 clubs |
| 2017–2020 | | | 18 clubs |
| 2020–2021 | | 19 clubs | 1 club |
| 2021–present | | 18 clubs | 2 clubs |

#### Controversies about promotion to Liga ACB

Until 2012, in the 29 editions played of the Liga ACB, only three teams declined promotion, due to acting as reserve teams or for lack of funds: CB Guadalajara and CB Cornellà in 1993 and CB Cajabilbao in 1994.

Since 2012, due to the financial crisis that started in 2008, only two teams (Canarias and Andorra) of a possible 10 could promote to Liga ACB. This started a discussion about the promotion requirements of the ACB, considered by the LEB Oro clubs as "disproportionate".

For clubs that promote and would make their debut in the ACB demands:

* An arena with a minimum capacity of 5,000 seats.
* An inbound of €3m. For clubs that return to the league after a promotion, an update of the inbound is demanded.
* A deposit of €1.7m that would be returned in case of relegation to LEB Oro. In case of a new promotion, this deposit is required to be restored.
* Conversion into a Sociedad Anónima Deportiva if the club remains in Liga ACB after its first season.

In 2012, Iberostar Canarias and Menorca Bàsquet achieved promotion to ACB, but neither could fulfill the requirements in order to promote. However, Canarias finally played in ACB after buying the berth in the league of Lucentum Alicante, previously sold to the association.

In 2013, neither CB Atapuerca, Ford Burgos by sponsorship reasons, nor Lucentum Alicante could promote. The latter resigned also to play in the second league and joined the fifth division.

In 2014 and 2015, CB Tizona, also Ford Burgos by sponsorship reasons, did not promote despite achieving the place two years in a row. After its second failed promotion, the third in the city of Burgos, the club sued the Association any accused them of "distorting the reality". Also in 2015, despite having played in the league during the 1980s and 1990s, Club Ourense Baloncesto was not admitted in the league despite fulfilling all the requirements, after not passing an accounts audit. However, ACB would admit Ourense for the 2016–17 season if it fulfilled the requirements regardless of their position in the 2015–16 LEB Oro season.

On 24 April 2016, the National Commission of the Markets and the Competence argued that the inbound impedes, in an "unjustified, disproportionate and discriminatory" way, access of new clubs to Liga ACB.

In June 2016, the two promoted teams from LEB Oro (Palencia and Melilla) resigned promotion to the 2016–17 ACB season and requested to the ACB their sign-in before the 2017–18 season. However, as Gipuzkoa Basket, who finished in relegation positions in three of the last four seasons, resigned from ACB, the Association offered again its place to Palencia and Melilla under these conditions:

* An arena with a minimum capacity of 5,000 seats.
* An inbound of €2m. The second million delayed on the dates agreed between the club and ACB.
* A deposit of €1,6m that would be returned in case of relegation to LEB Oro. In case of a new promotion, this deposit is required to be restored.
* Conversion into a Sociedad Anónima Deportiva before the start of their second season in Liga ACB.

Palencia and Mellila refused the invitation, to reinforce their position against the inbound to play in the league.

In April 2017, the National Commission for Markets and Competition declared the entering inbound and the deposit for the regulation of promotions and relegations as illegal, as they consider it "unjustified, discriminatory and excessive" and imposed a fine of €400,000 to the ACB. Subsequently, the ACB replied that it would appeal the decision of the CNMC, contending that it infringed on the self-organizing capacity of professional leagues, as recognized in the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union and in the European jurisprudence, and which was unprecedented in Europe and in the rest of the world.

In May 2017, the ACB ratified to file a contentious-administrative appeal and request for precautionary measures before the National Court, on the occasion of the resolution of the National Commission for Markets and Competition (CNMC), as well as to refuse any resolution or decision, present or future, which relates to that act. Also, the ACB approved to establish a negotiation plan with the CSD and the FEB regarding the number of participating teams and the conditions to access to the competition in the next seasons.

In June 2017, the ACB agreed not to require the promotion requirements that have been the subject of the resolution (entering inbound and the deposit for the regulation of promotions and relegations) and the participation fee. Also, the ACB agreed to continue negotiations with the CSD, the FEB and the CNMC to try to establish by mutual agreement new conditions for promotion. In view of the possibility of reaching an agreement that establishes economic and financial requirements in a consensual way before 5 July, the Assembly has agreed to establish two new access criteria, provided that there is no pronouncement of the National Court on the precautionary measures regarding the resolution of the National Court, nor agreement with the different bodies that replace it. These conditions were:

* A deposit of €1.9m that would be returned in case of relegation to LEB Oro, guaranteeing at least the value contributed by the clubs in their moment of promotion.
* A minimum budget (for all clubs) of €2.3m to play in the league.

On 10 July 2017, the ACB ratified the agreement with the FEB endorsed by the CSD, to change the conditions to make them easier for promoted teams from LEB Oro. The ACB had also reached a principle of agreement with FEB and CSD regarding a reduction of competition to 16 clubs in 2019 and the model of promotions and relegations in the coming seasons. However, this text has not obtained the necessary support of the clubs in the General Assembly and has not been approved, agreeing to continue the negotiations to find the model of competition appropriate to the interests of the teams overall. These new conditions consist of:

* A deposit of €1.6 million, to pay in four season, that would be returned in case of relegation to LEB Oro, guaranteeing at least the value contributed by the clubs in their moment of promotion.
* A minimum budget (for all clubs) of €2 million to play in the league.

Ten days later and two years after the denounce of CB Tizona, Gipuzkoa Basket and CB Miraflores, also from Burgos, were promoted to Liga ACB. These were the first promotions since the one of Andorra in 2014. Also, Miraflores became the first team to make its debut in ACB since 2009.

### Ranking of clubs on equal wins

If wins are equal between two or more clubs, the rules are:

* If all clubs involved have played each other twice:
    + If the tie is between two clubs, then the tie is broken using the point difference for the two matches those clubs have played against each other
    + If the tie is between more than two clubs, then the tie is broken using the games the clubs have played against each other:
        - a) head-to-head wins
        - b) head-to-head point difference
        - c) head-to-head points scored
* If two legged games between all clubs involved have not been played, or the tie is not broken by the rules above, it is broken using:
    + a) total point difference
    + b) total points scored
* If the tie is still not broken, a new tiebreak process is initiated with only those teams that remain tied.

### Qualifying for European competitions

The top teams in Liga ACB, apart from EuroLeague clubs, qualify for the EuroCup and the Champions League with no preference for any competition. Three teams have guaranteed spots in the EuroCup and four teams have guaranteed spots in the Champions League. In addition, other clubs could participate in the FIBA Europe Cup.

## History

The first basketball league in Spain was the Liga Nacional, organised by the Spanish Basketball Federation, whose first edition was played in 1957 by six teams from Madrid and the province of Barcelona. Until 1983 it continued being organised by the federation and consisting in only a round-robin tournament, where every teams faced all other twice, one at home and one away, with two points per win and one point in case of a draw.

In 1982, the Asociación de Clubs de Baloncesto was founded and one year later took the helm of the organisation of the league, with several changes in the competition format as they introduced the playoffs and the overtimes in case of draw.

### League names

* 1983–1988: **ACB Primera División**
* 1988–2011: **Liga ACB**
* 2011–present **Liga Endesa**

### Champions

| Season | Champion | Runner-up | Series | Finals MVP | Champion's Coach |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1983–84 | Real Madrid | FC Barcelona | 2–1 | Not awarded | Lolo Sainz |
| 1984–85 | Real Madrid | Ron Negrita Joventut | 2–1 | | Lolo Sainz |
| 1985–86 | Real Madrid | FC Barcelona | 2–0 | | Lolo Sainz |
| 1986–87 | FC Barcelona | Ron Negrita Joventut | 3–1 | | Aíto García Reneses |
| 1987–88 | FC Barcelona | Real Madrid | 3–2 | | Aíto García Reneses |
| 1988–89 | FC Barcelona | Real Madrid | 3–2 | | Aíto García Reneses |
| 1989–90 | FC Barcelona | RAM Joventut | 3–0 | | Aíto García Reneses |
| 1990–91 | Montigalà Joventut | FC Barcelona | 3–1 | Corny Thompson | Lolo Sainz |
| 1991–92 | Montigalà Joventut | Real Madrid Asegurator | 3–2 | Mike Smith | Lolo Sainz |
| 1992–93 | Real Madrid Teka | Marbella Joventut | 3–2 | Arvydas Sabonis | Clifford Luyk |
| 1993–94 | Real Madrid Teka | FC Barcelona Banca Catalana | 3–0 | Arvydas Sabonis | Clifford Luyk |
| 1994–95 | FC Barcelona Banca Catalana | Unicaja | 3–2 | Michael Ansley | Aíto García Reneses |
| 1995–96 | FC Barcelona Banca Catalana | Caja San Fernando | 3–0 | Xavi Fernández | Aíto García Reneses |
| 1996–97 | FC Barcelona Banca Catalana | Real Madrid Teka | 3–2 | Roberto Dueñas | Aíto García Reneses |
| 1997–98 | TDK Manresa | TAU Cerámica | 3–1 | Joan Creus | Luis Casimiro |
| 1998–99 | FC Barcelona | Caja San Fernando | 3–0 | Derrick Alston | Aíto García Reneses |
| 1999–00 | Real Madrid Teka | FC Barcelona | 3–2 | Alberto Angulo | Sergio Scariolo |
| 2000–01 | FC Barcelona | Real Madrid Teka | 3–0 | Pau Gasol | Aíto García Reneses |
| 2001–02 | TAU Cerámica | Unicaja | 3–0 | Elmer Bennett | Duško Ivanović |
| 2002–03 | FC Barcelona | Pamesa Valencia | 3–0 | Šarūnas Jasikevičius | Svetislav Pešić |
| 2003–04 | FC Barcelona | Adecco Estudiantes | 3–2 | Dejan Bodiroga | Svetislav Pešić |
| 2004–05 | Real Madrid | TAU Cerámica | 3–2 | Louis Bullock | Božidar Maljković |
| 2005–06 | Unicaja | TAU Cerámica | 3–0 | Jorge Garbajosa | Sergio Scariolo |
| 2006–07 | Real Madrid | Winterthur FC Barcelona | 3–1 | Felipe Reyes | Joan Plaza |
| 2007–08 | TAU Cerámica | AXA FC Barcelona | 3–0 | Pete Mickeal | Neven Spahija |
| 2008–09 | Regal FC Barcelona | TAU Cerámica | 3–1 | Juan Carlos Navarro | Xavi Pascual |
| 2009–10 | Caja Laboral | Regal FC Barcelona | 3–0 | Tiago Splitter | Duško Ivanović |
| 2010–11 | Regal FC Barcelona | Bizkaia Bilbao Basket | 3–0 | Juan Carlos Navarro | Xavi Pascual |
| 2011–12 | FC Barcelona Regal | Real Madrid | 3–2 | Erazem Lorbek | Xavi Pascual |
| 2012–13 | Real Madrid | FC Barcelona Regal | 3–2 | Felipe Reyes | Pablo Laso |
| 2013–14 | FC Barcelona | Real Madrid | 3–1 | Juan Carlos Navarro | Xavi Pascual |
| 2014–15 | Real Madrid | FC Barcelona | 3–0 | Sergio Llull | Pablo Laso |
| 2015–16 | Real Madrid | FC Barcelona Lassa | 3–1 | Sergio Llull | Pablo Laso |
| 2016–17 | Valencia Basket | Real Madrid | 3–1 | Bojan Dubljević | Pedro Martínez |
| 2017–18 | Real Madrid | Kirolbet Baskonia | 3–1 | Rudy Fernández | Pablo Laso |
| 2018–19 | Real Madrid | Barça Lassa | 3–1 | Facundo Campazzo | Pablo Laso |
| 2019–20 | Kirolbet Baskonia | Barça | 69–67 | Luca Vildoza | Duško Ivanović |
| 2020–21 | Barça | Real Madrid | 2–0 | Nikola Mirotić | Šarūnas Jasikevičius |
| 2021–22 | Real Madrid | Barça | 3–1 | Walter Tavares | Pablo Laso |
| 2022–23 | Barça | Real Madrid | 3–0 | Nikola Mirotić | Šarūnas Jasikevičius |
| 2023–24 | Real Madrid | UCAM Murcia | 3–0 | Džanan Musa | Chus Mateo |

#### Titles by club

| Club | Champions | Runners-up | Winning years |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Barcelona | **17** | 14 | 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1999, 2001, 2003, 2004, 2009, 2011, 2012, 2014, 2021, 2023 |
| Real Madrid | **15** | 10 | 1984, 1985, 1986, 1993, 1994, 2000, 2005, 2007, 2013, 2015, 2016, 2018, 2019, 2022, 2024 |
| Baskonia | **4** | 5 | 2002, 2008, 2010, 2020 |
| Joventut | **2** | 4 | 1991, 1992 |
| Málaga | **1** | 2 | 2006 |
| Valencia | **1** | 1 | 2017 |
| Manresa | **1** | 0 | 1998 |
| Real Betis | **0** | 2 |  |
| Estudiantes | **0** | 1 |  |
| Bilbao | **0** | 1 |  |
| UCAM Murcia | **0** | 1 |  |

## Current clubs

AndorraBarçaBaskoniaBilbaoBreogánCoruñaGironaGranadaJoventutLleidaManresaMurciaReal MadridUnicajaValenciaZaragozaclass=notpageimage|Location of teams in **2024–25 ACB** Gran CanariaTenerifeclass=notpageimage|Location of teams from the Canary Islands in **2024–25 ACB**

| Team | Home city | Arena | Capacity |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Barça | Barcelona | Palau Blaugrana | 7,586 |
| Baskonia | Vitoria-Gasteiz | Buesa Arena | 15,504 |
| Bàsquet Girona | Girona | Fontajau | 5,200 |
| Baxi Manresa | Manresa | Nou Congost | 5,000 |
| Casademont Zaragoza | Zaragoza | Pabellón Príncipe Felipe | 10,744 |
| Coviran Granada | Granada | Palacio de Deportes | 7,700 |
| Dreamland Gran Canaria | Las Palmas | Gran Canaria Arena | 9,870 |
| Hiopos Lleida | Lleida | Espai Fruita Barris Nord | 5,500 |
| Joventut Badalona | Badalona | Palau Municipal d'Esports | 12,760 |
| La Laguna Tenerife | San Cristóbal de La Laguna | Santiago Martín | 5,100 |
| Leyma Coruña | A Coruña | Coliseum da Coruña | 9,300 |
| MoraBanc Andorra | Andorra la Vella | Pavelló de Govern | 5,001 |
| Real Madrid | Madrid | WiZink Center | 13,109 |
| Río Breogán | Lugo | Pazo dos Deportes | 5,310 |
| Surne Bilbao Basket | Bilbao | Bilbao Arena | 10,014 |
| UCAM Murcia | Murcia | Palacio de Deportes | 7,454 |
| Unicaja | Málaga | Martín Carpena | 10,699 |
| Valencia Basket | Valencia | La Fonteta | 8,500 |

## All-time Liga ACB table

The all-time Liga ACB table is an overall record of all match results of every team that has played in Liga ACB since the 1983–84 season. The table is accurate as of the end of the 2023–24 season.

| Pos | Team | Season | Played | Won | Lost | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 4th | Debut | Since/Last App | Best |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Barcelona | 41 | 1725 | 1297 | 428 | 17 | 14 | 5 | 2 | 1983–84 | 1983–84 | 1 |
| 2 | Real Madrid | 41 | 1693 | 1270 | 423 | 15 | 10 | 6 | 2 | 1983–84 | 1983–84 | 1 |
| 3 | Baskonia | 41 | 1587 | 1000 | 587 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 1983–84 | 1983–84 | 1 |
| 4 | Joventut | 41 | 1529 | 865 | 664 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 5 | 1983–84 | 1983–84 | 1 |
| 5 | Málaga | 39 | 1479 | 842 | 637 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 6 | 1983–84 | 1987–88 | 1 |
| 6 | Valencia | 35 | 1325 | 766 | 559 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 1988–89 | 1996–97 | 1 |
| 7 | Estudiantes | 38 | 1403 | 721 | 682 |  | 1 | 5 | 7 | 1983–84 | 2020–21 | 2 |
| 8 | Gran Canaria | 33 | 1199 | 578 | 621 |  |  |  | 2 | 1985–86 | 1995–96 | 4 |
| 9 | Manresa | 36 | 1271 | 539 | 732 | 1 |  |  | 2 | 1983–84 | 2018–19 | 1 |
| 10 | Real Betis | 33 | 1171 | 515 | 656 |  | 2 |  |  | 1989–90 | 2022–23 | 2 |
| 11 | Valladolid | 30 | 1032 | 432 | 600 |  |  |  |  | 1983–84 | 2013–14 | 6 |
| 12 | Murcia | 26 | 910 | 342 | 568 |  | 1 |  |  | 1990–91 | 2011–12 | 2 |
| 13 | CB Girona | 20 | 731 | 330 | 401 |  |  |  |  | 1988–89 | 2007–08 | 5 |
| 14 | Canarias | 19 | 667 | 329 | 338 |  |  | 1 |  | 1983–84 | 2012–13 | 3 |
| 15 | Fuenlabrada | 25 | 852 | 324 | 528 |  |  |  |  | 1996–97 | 2022–23 | 7 |
| 16 | Bilbao | 19 | 659 | 296 | 363 |  | 1 |  |  | 2004–05 | 2019–20 | 2 |
| 17 | Breogán | 21 | 740 | 292 | 448 |  |  |  |  | 1984–85 | 2021–22 | 6 |
| 18 | CB Zaragoza | 13 | 473 | 270 | 203 |  |  | 2 | 3 | 1983–84 | 1995–96 | 3 |
| 19 | Basket Zaragoza | 15 | 515 | 219 | 296 |  |  | 1 | 1 | 2008–09 | 2010–11 | 3 |
| 20 | Andorra | 13 | 453 | 199 | 254 |  |  |  |  | 1992–93 | 2023–24 | 6 |
| 21 | León | 11 | 398 | 179 | 219 |  |  |  |  | 1990–91 | 2007–08 | 6 |
| 22 | Peñas | 12 | 441 | 173 | 268 |  |  |  |  | 1983–84 | 1995–96 | 10 |
| 23 | Obradoiro | 14 | 467 | 171 | 296 |  |  |  |  | 2009–10 | 2011–12 | 8 |
| 24 | Granollers | 10 | 352 | 166 | 186 |  |  |  |  | 1983–84 | 1992–93 | 5 |
| 25 | Cáceres | 11 | 388 | 163 | 225 |  |  |  |  | 1992–93 | 2002–03 | 5 |
| 26 | Ourense | 10 | 383 | 143 | 240 |  |  |  |  | 1989–90 | 2000–01 | 8 |
| 27 | CB Granada | 12 | 411 | 140 | 271 |  |  |  |  | 1996–97 | 2010–11 | 10 |
| 28 | OAR Ferrol | 10 | 350 | 140 | 210 |  |  |  |  | 1983–84 | 1993–94 | 7 |
| 29 | Gipuzkoa | 12 | 411 | 135 | 276 |  |  |  |  | 2006–07 | 2020–21 | 5 |
| 30 | Lucentum | 9 | 316 | 132 | 184 |  |  |  |  | 2000–01 | 2011–12 | 6 |
| 31 | Collado Villalba | 6 | 226 | 93 | 133 |  |  |  |  | 1987–88 | 1991–92 | 8 |
| 32 | Oximesa | 6 | 225 | 82 | 143 |  |  |  |  | 1986–87 | 1991–92 | 11 |
| 33 | Cajabilbao | 5 | 184 | 76 | 108 |  |  |  |  | 1986–87 | 1990–91 | 9 |
| 34 | Maristas Málaga | 4 | 160 | 76 | 84 |  |  |  |  | 1988–89 | 1991–92 | 13 |
| 35 | San Pablo Burgos | 5 | 169 | 75 | 94 |  |  |  | 1 | 2017–18 | 2021–22 | 4 |
| 36 | Espanyol | 5 | 165 | 73 | 92 |  |  |  |  | 1984–85 | 1988–89 | 8 |
| 37 | Lleida | 4 | 140 | 57 | 83 |  |  |  |  | 2001–02 | 2004–05 | 8 |
| 38 | Cantabria | 5 | 170 | 53 | 117 |  |  |  |  | 1997–98 | 2001–02 | 14 |
| 39 | Menorca | 5 | 168 | 51 | 117 |  |  |  |  | 2005–06 | 2011–12 | 15 |
| 40 | Círcol Catòlic | 3 | 97 | 49 | 48 |  |  |  | 1 | 1983–84 | 1985–86 | 4 |
| 41 | Cajamadrid | 3 | 98 | 46 | 52 |  |  |  |  | 1983–84 | 1985–86 | 5 |
| 42 | Gijón | 4 | 144 | 37 | 107 |  |  |  |  | 1995–96 | 2001–02 | 15 |
| 43 | Salamanca | 2 | 76 | 36 | 40 |  |  |  |  | 1994–95 | 1995–96 | 9 |
| 44 | Tenerife AB | 2 | 89 | 28 | 61 |  |  |  |  | 1988–89 | 1989–90 | 22 |
| 45 | Llíria | 2 | 79 | 27 | 52 |  |  |  |  | 1991–92 | 1992–93 | 16 |
| 46 | Tenerife | 2 | 68 | 25 | 43 |  |  |  |  | 2003–04 | 2004–05 | 10 |
| 47 | Bàsquet Girona | 2 | 68 | 24 | 44 |  |  |  |  | 2022–23 | 2022–23 | 14 |
| 48 | Fundación Granada | 2 | 68 | 22 | 46 |  |  |  |  | 2022–23 | 2022–23 | 15 |
| 49 | Ciudad de Huelva | 1 | 39 | 11 | 28 |  |  |  |  | 1997–98 | 1997–98 | 17 |
| 50 | L'Hospitalet | 1 | 31 | 11 | 20 |  |  |  |  | 1983–84 | 1983–84 | 15 |
| 51 | Askatuak | 1 | 43 | 10 | 33 |  |  |  |  | 1988–89 | 1988–89 | 24 |
| 52 | Palencia | 1 | 34 | 6 | 28 |  |  |  |  | 2023–24 | 2023–24 | 18 |

League or status at 2023–24 season:

|  | 2023–24 ACB season |
| --- | --- |
|  | 2023–24 LEB Oro season |
|  | 2023–24 LEB Plata season |
|  | 2023–24 Liga EBA season |
|  | Lower divisions |
|  | Clubs that no longer exist |

## Awards

## Statistical leaders

### All-time scoring leaders

Player nationality set by the player's national team affiliation. In bold, active players. In gold, players with more than 6,000 points, considered by the ACB as historic players.

Stats through end of 2018–19 ACB season:

| Rank | Player | Games | Points | Average |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | Alberto Herreros | 654 | 9,759 | 14.92 |
| 2. | Jordi Villacampa | 506 | 8,991 | 17.77 |
| 3. | Brian Jackson | 392 | 8,651 | 22.07 |
| 4. | Juan Carlos Navarro | 689 | 8,318 | 12.07 |
| 5. | **Felipe Reyes** | 798 | 8,254 | 10.34 |
| 6. | Granger Hall | 433 | 8,039 | 18.57 |
| 7. | Joan Creus | 585 | 7,929 | 13.55 |
| 8. | Joe Arlauckas | 365 | 7,543 | 20.67 |
| 9. | Álex Mumbrú | 677 | 7,435 | 10.98 |
| 10. | Velimir Perasović | 354 | 7,387 | 20.87 |
| 11. | Epi | 422 | 7,029 | 16.66 |
| 12. | Darryl Middleton | 398 | 6,425 | 16.14 |
| 13. | Andre Turner | 378 | 6,405 | 16.94 |
| 14. | Rafael Jofresa | 756 | 6,327 | 8.37 |
| 15. | Richard Scott | 350 | 6,199 | 17.71 |
| 16. | John Pinone | 332 | 6,175 | 18.60 |
| 17. | Bernard Hopkins | 456 | 6,088 | 13.35 |
| 18. | Claude Riley | 308 | 6,074 | 19.72 |
| 19. | Xavi Fernández | 499 | 6,042 | 12.11 |
| 20. | Chicho Sibilio | 348 | 6,010 | 17.27 |

### All-time rebounding leaders

Player nationality set by the player's national team affiliation. In bold, active players. In gold, players with more than 2,500 rebounds, considered by the ACB as historic players.

Stats through the end of the 2018–19 ACB season:

| Rank | Player | Games | Rebounds | Average |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | **Felipe Reyes** | 798 | 4,665 | 5.85 |
| 2. | Granger Hall | 433 | 4,292 | 9.91 |
| 3. | Carlos Jiménez | 641 | 3,526 | 5.50 |
| 4. | Claude Riley | 308 | 3,033 | 9.85 |
| 5. | Juan Antonio Orenga | 616 | 2,933 | 4.77 |
| 6. | Arvydas Sabonis | 235 | 2,904 | 12.36 |
| 7. | Bernard Hopkins | 456 | 2,806 | 6.15 |
| 8. | **Fran Vázquez** | 638 | 2,788 | 4.37 |
| 9. | Mike Smith | 405 | 2,755 | 6.80 |
| 10. | Larry Micheaux | 269 | 2,729 | 10.14 |
| 11. | Darryl Middleton | 398 | 2,701 | 6.79 |
| 12. | Joe Arlauckas | 365 | 2,626 | 7.19 |
| 13. | Álex Mumbrú | 677 | 2,499 | 3,68 |
| 14. | Harper Williams | 346 | 2,493 | 7.21 |
| 15. | Anicet Lavodrama | 345 | 2,429 | 7.04 |
| 16. | Alfonso Reyes | 461 | 2,417 | 5.24 |
| 17. | Axel Hervelle | 473 | 2,355 | 4.98 |
| 18. | **Ante Tomić** | 389 | 2,341 | 6.02 |
| 19. | Ramón Rivas | 307 | 2,290 | 7.46 |
| 20. | Ferran Martínez | 417 | 2,287 | 5.48 |

## Records

These are the standing ACB records for the regular season (RS) and play-offs (PO).

* **Most Points in a game**

* **Most Field Goals Made in a game**

* **Most Three Point Field Goals Made in a game**

* **Most Free Throws Made in a game**

* **Most Rebounds in a game**

* **Most Assists in a game**

* **Most Steals in a game**

* **Most Blocks in a game**

* **PER**

* **Prolific Scorers**

* Most 30 points RS games in a season: 24 by Walter Berry in 1990/91.
* Most 30 points RS games streak: 13 by Walter Berry in 1990/91 (from stage 4 to stage 16).
* **Players with 20 rebounds games**

* **Double-Doubles (d-d)**

* **Triple-Doubles**
    + Luka Dončić with 17 points, 10 rebounds and 10 assists on 9 May 2018
    + Fran Vázquez with 11 points, 10 rebounds and 12 blocks on 7 January 2007
    + Dejan Tomašević with 14 points, 13 rebounds and 10 assists, Pamesa Valencia vs Unicaja on 12 May 2004
    + George Singleton with 23 points, 12 rebounds and 10 blocks on 12 February 1994
    + Nacho Suárez with 10 points, 10 rebounds and 11 assists on stage 13 1990–91; and 15 points, 10 rebounds and 11 assists on stage 19 1990–91
    + Mike Smith with 31 points, 10 rebounds and 10 steals on 21 October 1989
* **Most Points in a game**

* **Fewest Points in a game**

* **Largest Margin of Victory in a game**

* **Victory with fewest points**

## Attendances

Since several years ago, the Liga ACB is the European domestic league with the highest average attendance, always surpassing the 6,000 spectators per game since the 2002–03 season.

### Season averages

All averages include playoffs games.

| Season | Total gate | Games | Average | Change | High avg. | Team | Low avg. | Team |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1995–96 | 1,984,706 | 409 | 4,853 |  | 6,757 | Estudiantes Argentaria | 3,400 | Xacobeo 99 Ourense |
| 1996–97 | 1,692,188 | 341 | 4,962 | +2.2% | 6,517 | Estudiantes Argentaria | 3,357 | Baloncesto Fuenlabrada |
| 1997–98 | 1,703,784 | 341 | 4,996 | +0.1% | 7,784 | Pamesa Valencia | 2,826 | Ourense Xacobeo 99 |
| 1998–99 | 1,753,105 | 331 | 5,296 | +6.0% | 8,050 | Pamesa Cerámica | 3,414 | Real Madrid Teka |
| 1999–2000 | 1,766,883 | 335 | 5,274 | –0.0% | 8,603 | Pamesa Valencia | 3,607 | Cantabria Lobos |
| 2000–01 | 1,705,898 | 331 | 5,154 | –3.0% | 8,425 | Unicaja | 3,159 | Club Ourense Baloncesto |
| 2001–02 | 1,933,425 | 332 | 5,824 | +13.0% | 12,018 | Adecco Estudiantes | 3,385 | Canarias Telecom |
| 2002–03 | 2,009,153 | 332 | 6,052 | +3.9% | 11,171 | Adecco Estudiantes | 3,735 | Cáceres CB |
| 2003–04 | 2,045,619 | 335 | 6,106 | +0.9% | 11,176 | Adecco Estudiantes | 3,424 | Polaris World Murcia |
| 2004–05 | 2,203,588 | 336 | 6,558 | +7.4% | 11,055 | Adecco Estudiantes | 3,903 | Unelco Tenerife |
| 2005–06 | 2,108,671 | 336 | 6,276 | –4.3% | 9,733 | Unicaja | 4,265 | Leche Río |
| 2006–07 | 2,254,576 | 336 | 6,710 | +6.9% | 9,727 | Real Madrid | 4,528 | Akasvayu Girona |
| 2007–08 | 2,088,989 | 323 | 6,467 | –3.6% | 9,641 | MMT Estudiantes | 4,184 | Akasvayu Girona |
| 2008–09 | 2,073,773 | 292 | 7,102 | +9.8% | 9,090 | TAU Cerámica | 4,858 | Ricoh Manresa |
| 2009–10 | 2,135,484 | 326 | 6,551 | –7.8% | 9,765 | Bizkaia Bilbao Basket | 4,194 | CB Murcia |
| 2010–11 | 2,018,072 | 324 | 6,409 | –2.2% | 9,345 | Asefa Estudiantes | 4,200 | Meridiano Alicante |
| 2011–12 | 2,171,673 | 329 | 6,621 | +3.3% | 10,412 | Asefa Estudiantes | 4,424 | Assignia Manresa |
| 2012–13 | 2,077,787 | 328 | 6,335 | –4.3% | 9,971 | Laboral Kutxa | 3,985 | Cajasol |
| 2013–14 | 2,213,116 | 329 | 6,202 | –2.0% | 9,242 | Real Madrid | 3,515 | CB Valladolid |
| 2014–15 | 2,091,134 | 328 | 6,375 | +2.7% | 9,406 | Real Madrid | 3,599 | MoraBanc Andorra |
| 2015–16 | 2,082,234 | 328 | 6,387 | +1.5% | 9,918 | Baskonia | 4,026 | Iberostar Tenerife |
| 2016–17 | 1,901,826 | 295 | 6,456 | +1.0% | 9,758 | Baskonia | 3,985 | ICL Manresa |
| 2017–18 | 2,101,755 | 327 | 6,427 | –0.4% | 10,194 | Kirolbet Baskonia | 3,169 | Delteco GBC |
| 2018–19 | 2,026,760 | 325 | 6,236 | –3.0% | 9,316 | San Pablo Burgos | 3,283 | Delteco GBC |
| 2019–20 | 1,369,822 | 205 | 6,682 | +7.1% | 9,438 | San Pablo Burgos | 3,991 | MoraBanc Andorra |
| 2020–21 | *Season played under closed doors, except play-offs, under limited attendance.* | | | | | | | |
| 2021–22 | 1,572,083 | 327 | 4,808 | –28.0% | 7,870 | San Pablo Burgos | 2,810 | MoraBanc Andorra |
| 2022–23 | 1,995,370 | 325 | 6,140 | +27.7% | 9,108 | Unicaja | 4,477 | Carplus Fuenlabrada |
| 2023–24 | 2,094,929 | 326 | 6,246 | +4.3% | 9,933 | Unicaja | 3,825 | MoraBanc Andorra |

Source:

### Historic average attendances

All averages include playoffs games. In the 2021–22, some games were played under limited attendance.

| Season | AND | FCB | BKN | BLB | BRE | CAC | CBC | CTB | EST | FUE | GIJ | GBC | GIR<br>BGI | GCA | GRA<br>FGR | HLV | JOV | LEO | LLE | LUC | MGA | MAN | MEN | MIR | MUR | OBR | COB | PAL | PEÑ | BET | RMA | SAL | TFE | VBC | VAD | CBZ<br>BZA |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1994–95 | 3,997 | 7,504 | 5,132 |  | 3,681 | 5,021 |  | 7,275 |  |  |  | 4,629 |  |  |  | 5,837 | 6,097 |  |  | 4,544 | 4,090 |  |  |  | 6,767 |  | 4,153 |  | 4,021 | 4,226 | 5,100 | 4,316 |  |  | 5,305 | 5,713 |
| 1995–96 | 3,562 | 5,896 | 5,100 |  |  | 4,974 |  |  | 6,757 |  | 4,457 |  | 4,982 | 3,989 |  |  | 4,668 | 5,347 |  |  | 4,881 | 4,441 |  |  | 6,160 |  | 3,400 |  | 3,954 | 4,775 | 5,640 | 3,968 |  |  | 5,104 | 4,890 |
| 1996–97 |  | 5,913 | 5,130 |  |  | 4,956 |  |  | 6,517 | 3,357 |  |  | 4,432 | 3,889 | 4,362 |  | 6,214 | 4,886 |  |  | 5,000 | 4,303 |  |  | 5,197 |  | 3,363 |  |  | 4,018 | 6,229 |  |  | 5,529 | 4,805 |  |
| 1997–98 |  | 6,088 | 5,203 |  |  | 4,869 |  | 4,258 | 6,653 |  |  |  | 4,706 | 4,100 | 5,412 | 3,600 | 6,301 | 4,735 |  |  | 5,000 | 4,620 |  |  |  |  | 2,826 |  |  | 4,467 | 4,686 |  |  | 7,784 | 4,253 |  |
| 1998–99 |  | 5,766 | 7,288 |  |  | 4,918 |  | 4,096 | 6,325 | 4,664 |  |  | 4,453 | 4,382 | 6,276 |  | 6,128 | 4,853 |  |  | 5,000 | 4,700 |  |  | 4,709 |  |  |  |  | 5,955 | 3,414 |  |  | 8,050 | 3,641 |  |
| 1999–00 |  | 5,316 | 8,311 |  | 3,885 | 5,349 |  | 3,607 | 7,448 | 5,045 | 4,094 |  | 4,267 | 4,278 |  |  | 5,737 | 4,603 |  |  | 5,368 | 4,562 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5,482 | 4,113 |  |  | 8,603 | 3,929 |  |
| 2000–01 |  | 6,248 | 7,852 |  | 5,035 | 5,218 |  | 3,336 | 6,142 | 4,574 | 4,238 |  | 4,145 | 3,835 |  |  | 4,959 |  |  | 3,953 | 8,425 |  |  |  |  |  | 3,159 |  |  | 4,368 | 3,861 |  |  | 7,668 | 4,283 |  |
| 2001–02 |  | 6,152 | 7,993 |  | 5,000 | 4,715 |  | 3,577 | 12,018 | 4,902 | 3,897 |  | 4,363 | 3,385 | 6,884 |  | 5,815 |  | 4,916 |  | 8,529 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4,314 | 4,200 |  |  | 7,032 | 4,675 |  |
| 2002–03 |  | 7,385 | 8,311 |  | 5,507 | 3,735 |  |  | 11,171 | 4,799 |  |  | 3,840 | 4,441 | 5,006 |  | 5,208 |  | 5,071 | 4,909 | 8,547 | 4,479 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6,306 | 4,459 |  |  | 7,939 | 4,688 |  |
| 2003–04 |  | 6,889 | 8,766 |  | 5,447 |  |  |  | 11,176 | 4,709 |  |  | 4,431 | 4,199 |  |  | 5,603 |  | 5,771 | 5,137 | 8,547 | 4,437 |  |  | 3,424 |  |  |  |  | 5,935 | 4,774 |  | 4,094 | 8,175 | 5,214 |  |
| 2004–05 |  | 5,451 | 8,510 | 5,003 | 5,424 |  |  |  | 11,055 |  |  |  | 4,545 | 4,208 | 6,823 |  | 5,746 |  | 4,899 | 5,251 | 9,825 | 4,803 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5,959 | 10,561 |  | 3,903 | 6,853 | 5,654 |  |
| 2005–06 |  | 5,143 | 8,619 | 5,471 | 4,265 |  |  |  | 7,782 | 4,787 |  |  | 4,997 | 4,346 | 6,996 |  | 6,306 |  |  | 5,244 | 9,733 | 4,874 | 5,154 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5,782 | 9,139 |  |  | 7,074 | 5,855 |  |
| 2006–07 |  | 5,375 | 8,759 | 6,454 |  |  |  |  | 8,800 | 4,874 |  | 9,371 | 4,528 | 4,612 | 7,082 |  | 6,439 |  |  | 4,974 | 9,481 |  | 5,235 |  | 5,368 |  |  |  |  | 5,771 | 9,727 |  |  | 6,968 | 5,981 |  |
| 2007–08 |  | 5,009 | 8,660 | 5,706 |  |  |  |  | 9,641 | 5,099 |  |  | 4,184 | 4,782 | 7,499 |  | 7,936 | 5,285 |  |  | 9,242 | 4,879 | 5,311 |  | 5,091 |  |  |  |  | 5,354 | 8,878 |  |  | 6,928 | 6,183 |  |
| 2008–09 |  | 5,091 | 9,090 | 7,003 |  |  |  |  | 8,963 | 5,255 |  | 8,294 |  | 4,924 | 7,407 |  | 7,467 |  |  |  | 8,950 | 4,858 | 5,350 |  | 4,925 |  |  |  |  | 5,950 | 8,847 |  |  | 7,529 |  | 10,264 |
| 2009–10 |  | 5,469 | 9,011 | 9,345 |  |  |  |  | 8,586 | 5,260 |  | 6,698 |  | 4,646 | 6,468 |  | 6,361 |  |  | 4,306 | 8,650 | 4,585 |  |  | 4,194 | 5,510 |  |  |  | 6,194 | 8,390 |  |  | 7,572 | 5,530 |  |
| 2010–11 |  | 4,833 | 8,937 | 7,868 |  |  |  |  | 9,765 | 5,427 |  | 6,049 |  | 4,658 | 5,483 |  | 5,506 |  |  | 4,200 | 9,356 | 4,209 | 4,588 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5,141 | 6,458 |  |  | 7,478 | 4,988 | 7,600 |
| 2011–12 |  | 4,898 | 10,234 | 8,668 |  |  |  |  | 10,412 | 5,223 |  | 7,037 |  | 4,606 |  |  | 5,200 |  |  | 4,531 | 8,426 | 4,424 |  |  | 5,355 | 5,241 |  |  |  | 5,461 | 8,558 |  |  | 7,952 | 4,548 | 7,326 |
| 2012–13 |  | 4,561 | 9,750 | 9,626 |  |  | 4,157 |  | 9,023 | 5,080 |  | 6,362 |  | 4,666 |  |  | 5,230 |  |  |  | 6,193 | 4,276 |  |  | 5,662 | 5,414 |  |  |  | 3,985 | 7,607 |  |  | 7,865 | 4,894 | 7,626 |
| 2013–14 |  | 4,909 | 9,190 | 9,097 |  |  | 3,868 |  | 7,927 | 4,860 |  | 5,998 |  | 5,147 |  |  | 5,449 |  |  |  | 6,317 | 4,023 |  |  | 5,584 | 5,049 |  |  |  | 4,157 | 9,242 |  |  | 8,002 | 3,515 | 8,010 |
| 2014–15 | 3,599 | 4,868 | 8,918 | 8,855 |  |  | 4,066 |  | 7,839 | 4,993 |  | 5,593 |  | 6,258 |  |  | 5,931 |  |  |  | 7,565 | 4,253 |  |  | 5,968 | 5,065 |  |  |  | 4,153 | 9,406 |  |  | 8,060 |  | 7,933 |
| 2015–16 | 4,037 | 5,074 | 9,918 | 9,063 |  |  | 4,026 |  | 8,650 | 5,187 |  | 4,114 |  | 6,765 |  |  | 4,938 |  |  |  | 7,340 | 4,330 |  |  | 5,931 | 5,264 |  |  |  | 4,546 | 8,971 |  |  | 8,210 |  | 7,144 |
| 2016–17 | 4,228 | 4,272 | 9,758 | 8,708 |  |  | 4,521 |  | 8,356 | 4,911 |  |  |  | 6,464 |  |  | 4,975 |  |  |  | 7,116 | 3,985 |  |  | 5,637 | 5,067 |  |  |  | 4,886 | 9,072 |  |  | 8,159 |  | 7,467 |
| 2017–18 | 4,224 | 4,790 | 10,194 | 8,752 |  |  | 4,660 |  | 8,150 | 5,174 |  | 3,169 |  | 5,865 |  |  | 4,986 |  |  |  | 7,238 |  |  | 9,070 | 5,578 | 4,982 |  |  |  | 4,157 | 8,584 |  |  | 7,254 |  | 7,663 |
| 2018–19 | 4,046 | 5,323 | 9,147 |  | 4,878 |  | 4,582 |  | 8,611 | 5,114 |  | 3,283 |  | 5,263 |  |  | 5,219 |  |  |  | 7,572 | 4,705 |  | 9,153 | 5,605 | 4,903 |  |  |  |  | 8,727 |  |  | 7,273 |  | 7,904 |
| 2019–20 | 3,991 | 5,693 | 8,931 | 8,500 |  |  | 4,873 |  | 9,074 | 5,179 |  |  |  | 6,122 |  |  | 5,550 |  |  |  | 7,768 | 4,515 |  | 9,438 | 5,510 | 5,104 |  |  |  | 5,321 | 8,086 |  |  | 7,096 |  | 9,371 |
| 2020–21 | *Season played under closed doors, except the play-offs, under limited attendance.* | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2021–22 | 2,810 | 5,035 | 6,773 | 5,930 | 4,203 |  | 3,465 |  |  | 3,681 |  |  |  | 4,153 |  |  | 5,751 |  |  |  | 4,238 | 3,754 |  | 7,870 | 4,819 | 4,248 |  |  |  | 3,933 | 5,709 |  |  | 4,440 |  | 5,162 |
| 2022–23 |  | 5,975 | 8,774 | 7,846 | 5,058 |  | 4,880 |  |  | 4,477 |  |  | 4,929 | 5,791 | 6,581 |  | 7,119 |  |  |  | 9,108 | 4,692 |  |  | 5,315 | 5,193 |  |  |  | 4,922 | 7,560 |  |  | 5,488 |  | 5,801 |
| 2023–24 | 3,825 | 5,614 | 9,047 | 8,386 | 5,158 |  | 4,939 |  |  |  |  |  | 4,979 | 6,448 | 7,478 |  | 6,716 |  |  |  | 9,933 | 4,858 |  |  | * | 5,213 |  | 4,944 |  | * |  |  |  | 6,235 |  | 5,719 |
| Season | AND | FCB | BKN | BLB | BRE | CAC | CBC | CTB | EST | FUE | GIJ | GBC | GIR<br>BGI | GCA | GRA<br>FGR | HLV | JOV | LEO | LLE | LUC | MGA | MAN | MEN | MIR | MUR | OBR | COB | PAL | PEÑ | BET | RMA | SAL | TFE | VBC | VAD | CBZ<br>BZA |

Source:

### Individual game highest attendance

| Rank | Home team | Score | Away team | Attendance | Arena | Date | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Laboral Kutxa Baskonia | 86–80 | Real Madrid | 15,544 | Fernando Buesa Arena | January 3, 2016 |  |
| | Kirolbet Baskonia | 74–91 | Real Madrid | 15,544 | Fernando Buesa Arena | December 30, 2018 |  |
| 3 | Kirolbet Baskonia | 78–83 | Real Madrid | 15,512 | Fernando Buesa Arena | June 17, 2018 |  |
| 4 | Laboral Kutxa | 67–66 | Real Madrid | 15,504 | Fernando Buesa Arena | April 9, 2012 |  |
| | Baskonia | 92–72 | Surne Bilbao Basket | 15,504 | Fernando Buesa Arena | September 30, 2023 |  |
| 6 | Cazoo Baskonia | 103–89 | Unicaja | 15,501 | Fernando Buesa Arena | September 30, 2022 |  |
| 7 | Lagun Aro Bilbao Basket | 76–88 | TAU Cerámica | 15,414 | Bizkaia Arena | January 6, 2007 |  |
| 8 | Adecco Estudiantes | 85–68 | FC Barcelona | 15,350 | Palacio Vistalegre | June 11, 2004 |  |
| 9 | Caja Laboral | 66–76 | Real Madrid | 15,219 | Fernando Buesa Arena | May 31, 2012 |  |
| 10 | Cazoo Baskonia | 84–91 | Barça | 15,208 | Fernando Buesa Arena | May 14, 2023 |  |
| 11 | Adecco Estudiantes | 73–66 | Real Madrid | 15,200 | Palacio Vistalegre | May 11, 2004 |  |
| | Adecco Estudiantes | 82–72 | FC Barcelona | 15,200 | Palacio Vistalegre | June 9, 2004 |  |
| 13 | FC Barcelona | 83–81 | Estudiantes Caja Postal | 15,104 | Palau Sant Jordi | April 28, 1991 |  |
| 14 | FC Barcelona | 78–81 | Montigalà Joventut | 15,101 | Palau Sant Jordi | May 19, 1991 |  |
| 15 | FC Barcelona | 85–83 | Montigalà Joventut | 15,064 | Palau Sant Jordi | May 17, 1991 |  |
|

Source:

## Other competitions

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2. "ACB, a la reválida: un negocio de 30 millones de euros a las puertas de renovar a Endesa y Movistar+". *2Playbook* (in European Spanish). 18 September 2020. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
3. "La ACB salva sobre la bocina 12 millones de ingresos". *palco23.com* (in European Spanish). 28 May 2020. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
4. "¿Qué equipos han sido campeones de la ACB? Palmarés y ganadores a lo largo de la historia de la Liga Endesa". *www.sportingnews.com* (in European Spanish). 12 June 2024. Retrieved 17 June 2024.
5. "El CB Tizona denuncia las "desproporcionadas" condiciones exigidas por ACB en Madrid" (in Spanish). CB Tizona. 23 April 2015. Archived from the original on 8 April 2016. Retrieved 28 March 2016.
6. "El arduo camino que le queda a Burgos hacia la ACB: 4,7 millones, SAD y un nuevo pabellón" (in Spanish). Marca. 20 April 2013. Retrieved 28 March 2016.
7. Menorca Bàsquet SAD no presenta la documentación para jugar la Liga Endesa ACB.com 28 June 2012
8. La ACB adquiere la plaza vacante del Lucentum y la asigna al CB Canarias Archived 26 February 2019 at the Wayback Machine ACB.com 20 July 2012
9. "Comunicado Oficial sobre la situación del Burgos" (in Spanish). ACB.com. 5 July 2015. Retrieved 28 March 2016.
10. "Comunicado oficial de la asamblea de la ACB" (in Spanish). ACB.com. 3 June 2015. Archived from the original on 5 October 2015. Retrieved 28 March 2016.
11. "La ACB alcanza un preacuerdo con el Ourense para su inscripción en la Liga Endesa 2016/17" (in Spanish). RTVE. 9 September 2015. Retrieved 28 March 2016.
12. "Competencia elimina el canon de ingreso en una ACB "fosilizada"" (in Spanish). El Español. 24 April 2016. Retrieved 25 April 2016.
13. "Gipuzkoa Basket se inscribe en LEB Oro". San Sebastián Gipuzkoa Basket Club. 12 July 2016. Archived from the original on 22 November 2016. Retrieved 12 July 2016.
14. "Comunicado Oficial de la Asamblea ACB" (in Spanish). ACB.com. 22 July 2016. Retrieved 23 July 2016.
15. "COMUNICADO OFICIAL: Nueva propuesta de la ACB al Club Melilla Baloncesto" (in Spanish). Club Melilla Baloncesto. 24 July 2016. Retrieved 7 January 2017.
16. "Palencia Baloncesto declina la oferta de la ACB" (in Spanish). Palencia Baloncesto. 22 July 2016. Archived from the original on 25 July 2016. Retrieved 23 July 2016.
17. "COMUNICADO OFICIAL: El Club Melilla Baloncesto declina la propuesta de la ACB" (in Spanish). Club Melilla Baloncesto. 29 July 2016. Retrieved 7 January 2017.
18. "La CNMC multa a la Asociación de Clubes de Baloncesto (ACB) con 400.000 euros por imponer condiciones económicas desproporcionadas y discriminatorias para el ascenso de otros clubes a la Liga ACB" (in Spanish). CNMC.es. 12 April 2017. Retrieved 13 April 2017.
19. "RESOLUCION – 1610441\_3.pdf" (PDF) (in Spanish). CNMC.es. 13 April 2017. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 December 2017. Retrieved 12 April 2017.
20. "ACB League fined by the National Commission of Markets and Competition". Eurohoops.net. 12 April 2017. Retrieved 13 April 2017.
21. "Comunicado oficial de la ACB" (in Spanish). ACB.com. 12 April 2017. Retrieved 23 June 2017.
22. "Productiva reunión de trabajo de los clubes de la ACB" (in Spanish). ACB.com. 18 April 2017. Retrieved 23 June 2017.
23. "Comunicado Oficial de la ACB" (in Spanish). ACB.com. 9 May 2017. Retrieved 23 June 2017.
24. "Comunicado oficial de la ACB" (in Spanish). ACB.com. 23 May 2017. Retrieved 23 June 2017.
25. "Comunicado oficial de la Asamblea General Extraordinaria de la ACB" (in Spanish). ACB.com. 21 June 2017. Retrieved 10 July 2017.
26. "Aprobadas condiciones económicas que dinamizarán los ascensos y descensos" (in Spanish). ACB.com. 10 July 2017. Retrieved 10 July 2017.
27. "Normas reguladoras de las Competiciones de la ACB (Artículo 22)" (in Spanish). ACB. Retrieved 27 February 2017.
28. "ACB Estatutos y Normas Reguladoras 2018/19". *test.multiwebdia.com*. Retrieved 1 July 2020.
29. "Un paseo por la primera liga" (in Spanish). ACB.com. 30 March 2017. Retrieved 31 March 2017.
30. "ACB.COM". *www.acb.com* (in Spanish). Retrieved 5 August 2023. AFORO: 7.586 espectadores
31. "ACB.COM". *www.acb.com* (in Spanish). Retrieved 5 August 2023. AFORO: 15.504 espectadores
32. "ACB.COM". *www.acb.com* (in Spanish). Retrieved 5 August 2023. AFORO: 5.200 espectadores
33. "ACB.COM". *www.acb.com* (in Spanish). Retrieved 1 August 2020. AFORO: 5.000 espectadores
34. "ACB.COM". *www.acb.com* (in Spanish). Retrieved 1 August 2020. AFORO: 10.744 espectadores
35. "ACB.COM". *www.acb.com* (in Spanish). Retrieved 8 August 2022. AFORO: 7.700 espectadores
36. "ACB.COM". *www.acb.com* (in Spanish). Retrieved 1 August 2020. AFORO: 9.870 espectadores
37. "ACB.COM". *www.acb.com* (in Spanish). Retrieved 1 September 2024. AFORO: 5.500 espectadores
38. "ACB.COM". *www.acb.com* (in Spanish). Retrieved 1 August 2020. AFORO: 12.760 espectadores
39. "ACB.COM". *www.acb.com* (in Spanish). Retrieved 19 September 2020. AFORO: 5.100 espectadores
40. "ACB.COM". *www.acb.com* (in Spanish). Retrieved 1 September 2024. AFORO: 9.300 espectadores
41. "ACB.COM". *www.acb.com* (in Spanish). Retrieved 5 August 2023. AFORO: 5.001 espectadores
42. "ACB.COM". *www.acb.com* (in Spanish). Retrieved 1 August 2020. AFORO: 13.109 espectadores
43. "ACB.COM". *www.acb.com* (in Spanish). Retrieved 30 September 2021. AFORO: 5.310 espectadores
44. "ACB.COM". *www.acb.com* (in Spanish). Retrieved 1 August 2020. AFORO: 10.014 espectadores
45. "ACB.COM". *www.acb.com* (in Spanish). Retrieved 1 August 2020. AFORO: 7.454 espectadores
46. "ACB.COM". *www.acb.com* (in Spanish). Retrieved 24 June 2024. AFORO: 10.699 espectadores
47. "ACB.COM". *www.acb.com* (in Spanish). Retrieved 1 August 2020. AFORO: 8.500 espectadores
48. "ACB.COM". *acb.com* (in European Spanish). Archived from the original on 1 August 2020. Retrieved 1 August 2020.
49. "ACB.COM". *acb.com* (in European Spanish). Retrieved 1 August 2020.
50. "HISTORICOS: Anotadores en LACB {{in lang|es}}". Archived from the original on 2 August 2018. Retrieved 25 September 2014.
51. "HISTORICOS: Reboteadores en LACB {{in lang|es}}". Archived from the original on 18 July 2018. Retrieved 26 October 2016.
52. "Récords históricos de la ACB". *ACB* (in Spanish). Retrieved 30 July 2018.
53. "Playoff Liga Endesa" (PDF). *ACB* (in Spanish). Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 October 2017. Retrieved 30 July 2018.
54. "Récords históricos de la ACB". *ACB.com* (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 19 September 2012. Retrieved 26 June 2019.
55. O club. Récords Históricos
56. "El FC Barcelona Lassa consigue la mayor diferencia en era ACB". *ACB* (in Spanish). 11 April 2018.
57. "ACB remains leader in attendance". Ball in Europe. 16 June 2008. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
58. ACB Noticias Digital
59. "Récord histórico de público en Liga Endesa: 15.544 espectadores en el Buesa" (in Spanish). ACB. 3 January 2016. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
60. "KIROLBET Baskonia-R. Madrid bate el récord de asistencia en Playoff: 15.512" (in Spanish). ACB.com. 17 June 2018. Retrieved 17 June 2018.

## InfoBox

Liga Endesa
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | 1983 (1983) |
| First season | 1983–84 |
| Country | Spain |
| Other club(s) from | Andorra |
| Federation | Spanish Federation |
| Confederation | FIBA Europe |
| Number of teams | 18 |
| Level on pyramid | 1 |
| Relegation to | Primera FEB |
| Domestic cup(s) | Copa del Rey |
| Supercup | Supercopa de España |
| International cup(s) | EuroLeague<br>EuroCup<br>Champions League<br>FIBA Europe Cup |
| Current champions | Real Madrid (15th title) <br>(2023–24) |
| Most championships | Barcelona (17 titles) |
| All-time top scorer | Alberto Herreros (9,759) |
| TV partners | Movistar Plus+ |
| Website | acb.com |
| *2024–25 ACB season* | |


title: Transition zone (Earth)

abstract: The transition zone is the part of Earth's mantle that is located between the lower and the upper mantle, most strictly between the seismic-discontinuity depths of about 410 to 660 kilometres, but more broadly defined as the zone encompassing those discontinuities, i.e., between about 300 and 850 kilometres depth. Earth's solid, rocky mantle, including the mantle transition zone, consists primarily of peridotite, an ultramafic igneous rock. The mantle was divided into the upper mantle, transition zone, and lower mantle as a result of sudden seismic-velocity discontinuities at depths of 410 and 660 kilometres. This is thought to occur as a result of rearrangement of grains in olivine at a depth of 410 kilometres (250 mi), to form a denser crystal structure as a result of the increase in pressure with increasing depth. Below a depth of 660 kilometres (410 mi), evidence suggests due to pressure changes ringwoodite minerals change into two new denser phases, bridgmanite and periclase. This can be seen using body waves from earthquakes, which are converted, reflected or refracted at the boundary, and predicted from mineral physics, as the phase changes are temperature and density-dependent and hence depth dependent.

text:
# Transition zone (Earth)

The **transition zone** is the part of Earth's mantle that is located between the lower and the upper mantle, most strictly between the seismic-discontinuity depths of about 410 to 660 kilometres (250 to 410 mi), but more broadly defined as the zone encompassing those discontinuities, i.e., between about 300 and 850 kilometres (190 and 530 mi) depth. Earth's solid, rocky mantle, including the **mantle transition zone** (often abbreviated as MTZ), consists primarily of peridotite, an ultramafic igneous rock.

The mantle was divided into the upper mantle, transition zone, and lower mantle as a result of sudden seismic-velocity discontinuities at depths of 410 and 660 kilometres (250 and 410 mi). This is thought to occur as a result of rearrangement of grains in olivine (which constitutes a large portion of peridotite) at a depth of 410 kilometres (250 mi), to form a denser crystal structure as a result of the increase in pressure with increasing depth. Below a depth of 660 kilometres (410 mi), evidence suggests due to pressure changes ringwoodite minerals change into two new denser phases, bridgmanite and periclase. This can be seen using body waves from earthquakes, which are converted, reflected or refracted at the boundary, and predicted from mineral physics, as the phase changes are temperature and density-dependent and hence depth dependent.

## 410 km discontinuity – phase transition

A peak is seen in seismological data at about 410 kilometres (250 mi) as is predicted by the transition from α- to β-Mg2SiO4 (olivine to wadsleyite). From the Clapeyron slope, this change is predicted to occur at shallower depths in cold regions, such as where subducting slabs penetrate into the transition zone, and at greater depths in warmer regions, such as where mantle plumes pass through the transition zone. Therefore, the exact depth of the "410 km discontinuity" can vary.

## 660 km discontinuity – phase transition

The 660 km discontinuity appears in PP precursors (a wave which reflects off the discontinuity once) only in certain regions but is always apparent in SS precursors. It is seen as single and double reflections in receiver functions for P to S conversions over a broad range of depths (640–720 kilometres or 400–450 miles). The Clapeyron slope predicts a deeper discontinuity in cold regions and a shallower discontinuity in hot regions. This discontinuity is generally linked to the transition from ringwoodite to bridgmanite and periclase. This is thermodynamically an endothermic reaction and creates a viscosity jump. Both characteristics cause this phase transition to play an important role in geodynamical models. Cold downwelling material might pond on this transition.

## Other discontinuities

There is another major phase transition predicted at 520 kilometres (320 mi) for the transition of olivine (β to γ) and garnet in the pyrolite mantle. This one has only sporadically been observed in seismological data.

Other non-global phase transitions have been suggested at a range of depths.


title: Wesergebirge

abstract: The Weser Hills (Wesergebirge), also known in German as the Weserkette, form a low hill chain, up to 326.1 m above sea level (NN), in the Weser Uplands in the German states of North Rhine-Westphalia and Lower Saxony. The thickly wooded Weser ridge is one of the northern outliers of the German Central Uplands on the southern edge of the North German Plain and forms part of the TERRA.vita Nature Park in the west and Weser Uplands Schaumburg-Hameln Nature Park in the east. The Weser Hills are widely known because of Schaumburg Castle which stands on the Nesselberg in the Schaumburg district of the town of Rinteln, and is the emblem of Schaumburg Land.

text:
# Wesergebirge

The **Weser Hills** (***Wesergebirge***), also known in German as the *Weserkette* ("Weser Chain"), form a low hill chain, up to 326.1 m above sea level (NN), in the Weser Uplands in the German states of North Rhine-Westphalia and Lower Saxony.

The thickly wooded Weser ridge is one of the northern outliers of the German Central Uplands on the southern edge of the North German Plain and forms part of the TERRA.vita Nature Park in the west and Weser Uplands Schaumburg-Hameln Nature Park in the east.

The Weser Hills are widely known because of Schaumburg Castle which stands on the Nesselberg (c. 225 m above NN) in the Schaumburg district of the town of Rinteln, and is the emblem of Schaumburg Land.

## Geography

The Weser Hills cross the counties of Minden-Lübbecke, Schaumburg and Hameln-Pyrmont in a roughly east–west direction, from the town of Porta Westfalica and the Westphalian Gap in the west past Rinteln to Hessisch Oldendorf in the east, where they transition seamlessly to the Süntel, a ridge of similar height running from northwest to southeast. They form part of the perimeter of the Weser Uplands and thus also the German Central Uplands which lie south of the North German Plain.

North of the Weser Hills there are only a few hills of the Calenberg Uplands, such as the nearby ridges of Harrl and Bückeberge. To the west, on the other side of the Porta Westfalica, the chain continues as the Wiehen Hills, geologically of similar formation, reaching Bramsche (northwest of Osnabrück).

South of the Weser Hills, and roughly parallel to them, flows the River Weser, from Hessisch-Oldendorf in the east, through Rinteln, towards Vlotho in the west, before turning northeast to the town of Porta Westfalica. These northern areas around the Upper Weser Valley, south of the hills are an old area of settlement, which was protected by Schaumburg Castle on the hill of Nesselberg. From the water gap at Porta Westfalica - the Westphalian Gap - the river swings north in order to reach the southern part of the North German Plain. North of the hills are the upper reaches of the Aue (also called the *Bückeburger Aue*) that run roughly east to west.

## Hills

The *Wesergebirge* is a chain of about two dozen hills that are arranged one after another in a ridge and which reach a height of 326.1 m above NN at the Möncheberg in the east. In its centre section, west of the A 2 motorway, they reach a maximum height of 278 m at the Wülpker Egge and a height of 235.2 m at the westernmost hill of the Weser chain, the Jakobsberg, which is located east of Porta Westfalica and on which the *Jakobsberg transmission tower* stands.

The hills and elevations of the Wesergebirge, as seen from west to east, are given below together with their heights in metres above Normalnull (NN) **:**

* Jakobsberg (235,2 m), with *Jakobsberg Telecommunication Tower*, *Schlageter Monument* and *Porta Kanzel*; north-northeast of the town of Porta Westfalica by the Porta Westfalica gorge
* Königsberg (c. 225 m); northeast of Porta Westfalica
* Roter Brink (c. 225 m), and Nammer Lager; south-southwest of Nammen
* Lohfelder Berg (215,2 m); northeast of Lohfeld
* Nammer Klippe (248,8 m); nature reserve; south of Nammen
* Nammer Kopf (266,3 m), and the *Nammer Klippe*, nature reserve; south-southeast of Nammen
* Wülpker Egge (c. 278 m), with a quarry; south of Wülpke
* Rote Klippe (c. 220 m), with a quarry; south of Kleinenbremen
* Papenbrink (303 m), with transmission facility and a quarry; north-northwest of Todenmann
* Lange Wand (320,1 m); in the Hainholz State Forest northeast of Todenmann
* Frankenburg-Berg (c. 235 m), and ruins of the Frankenburg; spur of the Langen Wand north of Rinteln-Todenmann
* Luhdener Klippe (c. 300 m), and the 19.8 m high Klippe Tower; north-northeast of Rinteln
* Hirschkuppe (250,1 m); northeast of Rinteln
* Messingsberg (270,1 m), with a quarry; north-northeast of Rinteln-Steinbergen
* Westendorfer Egge (c. 295 m), with a quarry; north-northeast of Rinteln-Westendorf
* Oberberg (325,2 m), and the *Springsteinen*; north of Rinteln-Schaumburg
* Heutzeberg (225,5 m); spur of the Oberberg north of Schaumburg
* Nesselberg (c. 225 m), and Schaumburg Castle on a spur of the Möncheberg east of Schaumburg
* Möncheberg (326,1 m), and the *Paschenburg Guest House* between Schaumburg and Hessisch Oldendorf-Rohdental

## Panorama

## Towns and villages

## Literature

Bundesanstalt für Landeskunde und Raumforschung: Geographische Landesaufnahme 1:200000. Naturräumliche Gliederung Deutschlands. Die naturräumlichen Einheiten auf Blatt 85 Minden. Bad Godesberg 1959

* Aerial photograph of the western Weser Hills at Google Maps
* Aktionsgemeinschaft Weserbergland

1. "Ein anderes Bild als die Bergländer der oberen Weser bieten die *Weserkette*, das *Wiehengebirge* und der *Teutoburger Wald*, see Christian Degn, et al. (ed.) Seydlitz, 1st Part, *das deutsche Vaterland, wir und die Welt*, 7th ed., Kiel, Hanover, 1954, p. 50
2. Niedersachsennavigator

## InfoBox

| Weser Hills<br>(*Wesergebirge*) | |
| --- | --- |
| View from the Kaiser Wilhelm Monument (Wittekindsberg, Wiehen Hills) over Porta Westfalica to the Jakobsberg (Wesergebirge) | |
| Highest point | |
| Peak | Möncheberg |
| Elevation | 326.1 m (1,070 ft) |
| Coordinates | 52°13′N 9°5′E / 52.217°N 9.083°E / 52.217; 9.083 |
| Dimensions | |
| Length | 100 km (62 mi) |
| Geography | |
| Location of the Weser Hills | |
| Country | Germany |
| Region | North Rhine-Westphalia, Lower Saxony |


title: Raizan Oh-tameike Dam

abstract: Raizan Oh-tameike Dam is an earthfill dam located in Fukuoka Prefecture in Japan. The dam is used for irrigation. The catchment area of the dam is km⁲. The dam impounds about 20 ha of land when full and can store 1200 thousand cubic meters of water. The construction of the dam was started on and completed in 1944.

text:
# Raizan Oh-tameike Dam

**Raizan Oh-tameike Dam** is an earthfill dam located in Fukuoka Prefecture in Japan. The dam is used for irrigation. The catchment area of the dam is km2. The dam impounds about 20 ha of land when full and can store 1200 thousand cubic meters of water. The construction of the dam was started on and completed in 1944.

## InfoBox

| Raizan Oh-tameike Dam | |
| --- | --- |
| Location of Raizan Oh-tameike Dam in Japan | |
| Location | Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan |
| Coordinates | 33°31′47″N 130°13′02″E / 33.52972°N 130.21722°E / 33.52972; 130.21722 |
| Opening date | 1944 |
| Dam and spillways | |
| Height | 25m |
| Length | 230m |
| Reservoir | |
| Total capacity | 1200 thousand cubic meters |
| Catchment area | sq. km |
| Surface area | 20 hectares |


title: Radio Free

abstract:
The term "Radio Free" is prefixed to several radio stations which were set up by United States Central Intelligence Agency to deliver news to countries strategically important to the foreign relations of the United States. The official stations are:
  - Radio Free Afghanistan
  - Radio Free Asia
  - Radio Free Europe
  - Radio Free Iraq
  - Radio Free Syria The term is also applied to other local radio and internet radio stations, such as:
  - Free Radio San Diego
  - Radio Free Brighton
  - Radio Free Brooklyn
  - Radio Free Chosun
  - Radio Free Dixie
  - Radio Free Georgia
  - Radio Free Hawaii
  - Radio Free Nashville
  - Radio Free Queen City
  - Radio Free Redoubt
  - Radio Free Santa Fe
  - Radio Free Taos
  - Radio Free Scotland
  - Radio Free Vietnam
  - Radio Free Virgin The term has also been applied to subjects that are not radio shows:
  - Radio Free America
  - Radio Free Albemuth
  - Radio Free Roscoe - a teen comedy-drama sitcom, which has a fictional radio show of the same name
  - Radio Free Vestibule
  - Radio Free Zion
  - Radio Free Wasteland is a moniker occasionally used for Galaxy News Radio by its DJ, Three Dog. Galaxy News Radio is one of the two major radio stations in the video game Fallout 3.
  - Radio Free Kyrat, one of the two radio stations in the video game Far Cry 4.
  - "Radio Free Zerg," a secret music track in the computer game StarCraft: Brood War.

text:
# Radio Free

The term **"Radio Free"** is prefixed to several radio stations which were set up by United States Central Intelligence Agency to deliver news to countries strategically important to the foreign relations of the United States. The official stations are:

The term is also applied to other local radio and internet radio stations, such as:

The term has also been applied to subjects that are not radio shows:


title: Tyson turbine

abstract: The Tyson turbine is a conical water turbine with helical blades emerging partway down from the apex gradually increasing in radial dimension and decreasing in pitch as they spiral towards the base of the cone. This design doesn't need a casement, as it is inserted directly into flowing water. Marketed as part of a hydropower system that extracts power from the flow of water, the turbine is mounted below a raft, driving a power system, typically a lift irrigation pump or generator, on top of the raft by belt or gear. The turbine is towed into the middle of a river or stream, where the flow is the fastest, and tied off to shore. It requires no local engineering, and can easily be moved to other locations.

text:
# Tyson turbine

The **Tyson turbine** is a conical water turbine with helical blades emerging partway down from the apex gradually increasing in radial dimension and decreasing in pitch as they spiral towards the base of the cone. This design doesn't need a casement, as it is inserted directly into flowing water.

Marketed as part of a hydropower system that extracts power from the flow of water, the turbine is mounted below a raft, driving a power system, typically a lift irrigation pump or generator, on top of the raft by belt or gear. The turbine is towed into the middle of a river or stream, where the flow is the fastest, and tied off to shore. It requires no local engineering, and can easily be moved to other locations.


title: UFV Cascades

abstract: The UFV Cascades are the athletic teams that represent the University of the Fraser Valley in Abbotsford, British Columbia and currently compete in the Canada West conference of U Sports. The Cascades varsity teams include basketball, golf, soccer, and volleyball; and clubs for baseball, rowing, and rugby sevens.

text:
# UFV Cascades

The **UFV Cascades** are the athletic teams that represent the University of the Fraser Valley in Abbotsford, British Columbia and currently compete in the Canada West conference of U Sports. The Cascades varsity teams include basketball, golf, soccer, and volleyball; and clubs for baseball, rowing, and rugby sevens.

## History

The Cascades had exclusively been a member of the PacWest conference of the Canadian Collegiate Athletic Association until 2006 when they were granted probationary membership into the Canada West conference of the then-named Canadian Interuniversity Sport (CIS). Basketball and soccer began competing in Canada West in the 2006-07 season. The Cascades became full members of Canada West in 2010. The varsity wrestling program was formed in 2013 and began competing in 2014. Despite its success, the wrestling program was suspended in 2019 when it was reported UFV did not fund the team and coaches. More of the school's varsity programs moved from the PacWest of the CCAA to Canada West of U Sports until both volleyball teams' move for the 2020-21 season meant that all varsity teams were competing in U Sports.

## Varsity teams

| Men's sports | Women's sports |
| --- | --- |
| Basketball | Basketball |
| Golf | |
| Soccer | Soccer |
| Volleyball | Volleyball |
| † – Golf is a co-ed program. | |

### Basketball

#### Men's basketball

In 2000, the men's basketball team captured its first PacWest conference championship after earning bronze medals in 1998 and 1999. The team again won conference bronze in 2001, but returned to conference championship gold medal winners in 2002, 2004, and 2006, with 2006 being their last as members of the PacWest. The team moved to the Canada West conference in 2006.

On March 26, 2020, Parm Bains, Daniel Adediran, and Kenan Hadzovic became the first UFV players to be selected in the Canadian Elite Basketball League Draft when they were all selected in the first, second, and third rounds, respectively, in the 2020 CEBL–U Sports Draft by the Fraser Valley Bandits.

#### Women's basketball

The Cascades women's basketball program has historically been one of the strongest at the school. While playing in the PacWest of the CCAA, the team won ten conference championships including five consecutively from 2001 to 2005. The team also won seven silver medals in the PacWest conference championship tournament. Following their move to U Sports in 2006, the program remained competitive, although have not yet won a conference championship. The team has, however, qualified for the national Final 8 Tournament twice, in 2013 and 2014, claiming a bronze medal finish in 2014.

### Golf

The Cascades competed in the PacWest conference of the Canadian Collegiate Athletic Association until 2019 when the team moved to the Canada West conference of U Sports for the 2019-2020 season.

### Soccer

#### Men's soccer

The Cascades men's soccer team won one conference championship, coming in 1996, while playing in the PacWest conference of the CCAA. The team also had one silver and one bronze finish. The program joined the Canada West conference of U Sports in 2006.

#### Women's soccer

The Cascades women's soccer team had three silver medal conference finishes and as well as three bronze medals while playing in the PacWest conference of the CCAA. The program joined the Canada West conference of U Sports in 2006 and claimed their one conference championship in 2010.

### Volleyball

The men's and women's volleyball teams originally competed in the PacWest conference of the CCAA for two seasons from 1983 to 1985. Both programs were brought back in 2004 and continued to compete in the CCAA. On May 7, 2019, the Canada West conference of U Sports approved the admission of the Cascades' men's and women's volleyball teams for the 2020-21 season.

#### Men's volleyball

The Cascades men's volleyball team won four conference silver medals and two conference bronze medals over their 18 years in the PacWest conference of the CCAA. The team also made two appearances in the national championship tournament in 2007 and 2009. The team became a U Sports member starting with the 2020-21 season.

#### Women's volleyball

The Cascades women's volleyball team has claimed one CCAA national championship, in 2013, as well as earning a bronze medal at the championship tournament in 2012. PacWest conference championship The program has also featured one gold medal conference champion, also in 2013, as well as yielding one conference silver medal team and four conference bronze medal teams. After 18 years of playing in the CCAA, the team moved to the Canada West conference of U Sports for the 2020-21 season.

### Wrestling

The Cascades varsity men's and women's wrestling teams were formed in 2013 and began competing in 2014, becoming the first B.C. school with a Canadian Interuniversity Sport (CIS) wrestling program since Simon Fraser University (SFU) transferred to the NCAA after 2010. It was coached by volunteers Arjan Bhullar and Raj Virdi, both former CIS national champions from SFU. The varsity program was funded by community support and fundraising instead of money for existing teams. UFV previously had a non-varsity wrestling club on campus with around 20 athletes.

In January 2015, the Cascades men's team won their first tournament championship at the Golden Bear Open and was first in the CIS rankings. At the 2015 CIS Championships, Manheet Kalhon (120 kg) took silver. At the 2017 Canada West (CW) Championships, Brad Hildenbrandt (120 kg) won gold and Amtoj Dhaliwal (82 kg) took bronze for the men's team. For the women's team, Ashley Coupal (48 kg) and Karla Godinez (51 kg) took bronze, and Godinez was named female "rookie of the year." At the 2017 U SPORTS Championships, Hildenbrandt won UFV's first gold medal for wrestling. In 2018, the program was UFV's only nationally-ranked team. At the CW Championships, Hildenbrandt, Ana Godinez (63 kg), and Karla Godinez (55 kg) won gold. Karla was named the female "most outstanding wrestler" and Ana was named female "rookie of the year." At the U SPORTS Championships, the men's team came fifth and the women's team came ninth. For the men, Hildenbrandt (120 kg) and Parker McBride (54 kg) won gold, with Parker also being named male "rookie of the year." For the women, Ana Godinez (63 kg) and Karla Godinez (55 kg) both took silver. At the 2019 CW Championships, Hildenbrandt won gold at 120 kg for the third time in a row and was named the conference's male "wrestler of the year." At the 2019 U SPORTS Championships, the Cascades won five medals—Hildenbrandt won his third consecutive national championship, Ana Godinez won gold and was named the female "wrestler of the year", De'Andre Williams took silver, and Parker McBride and Amber Wiebe took bronze.

In April 2019, UFV suspended its wrestling program. It was reported that UFV was not funding the team and coaches. Originally established through community support and fundraising, the program was intended to be reviewed by UFV after three years for the potential of funding by the university. The review did not happen and the team continued to rely on fundraising, with the coaches working as volunteers. Virdi was fired in November 2018 followed by assistant coach Gurjot Kooner in December. Former national champion and world silver medalist Stacie Anaka then became the interim coach before resigning in March. Although UFV stated it would continue to support wrestlers individually, the suspension included "removal of athletic therapy, strength and conditioning services, athletic scholarship or tuition waivers, complimentary fitness centre access, early class registration and discounted parking at the school" as well as coaching and travel arrangements. Despite the suspension, UFV wrestlers competed successfully in the following season. At the 2020 CW Championships, Amarvir Atwal (76 kg) and Jason Bains (100 kg) won gold and Atwal was named the conference's male outstanding wrestler. Karan Dhillon (90 kg), Ali Rahguzar (68 kg), and Calista Espinosa (48 kg) took silvers. At the 2020 U SPORTS Championships, Bains and Dhillon took silver, Espinosa and Rahguzar took bronze, and Atwal placed fifth. However, Bains forfeited his silver medal after a doping infraction.

## InfoBox

| UFV Cascades | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| University | University of the Fraser Valley |
| Association | U Sports |
| Conference | Canada West |
| Athletic director | Steve Tuckwood |
| Location | Abbotsford, British Columbia |
| First year | 1974 |
| Varsity teams | Eight |
| Basketball arena | UFV Athletic Centre |
| Soccer stadium | Rotary Stadium |
| Mascot | Sasq'ets the Sasquatch |
| Colours | Dark Green and Light Green<br> |
| Website | gocascades.ca |


title: Pemberton Point

abstract: Pemberton Point is a peninsula in Hull, Massachusetts. It is located at the tip of the Nantasket Peninsula, in Boston Harbor.

text:
# Pemberton Point

**Pemberton Point** (formerly known as **Windmill Point**) is a peninsula in Hull, Massachusetts. It is located at the tip of the Nantasket Peninsula, in Boston Harbor.

## History

Historic manuscripts have called the location "Windmill Point" since the 1820s. The windmills for which the point were named were used by two brothers to pump seawater into vats to be used for harvesting salt. The salt would then be used to pack fish.

On July 13, 1909, fourteen-year-old Rosie Pitenhof swam across the Hull Gut from Peddocks Island to Pemberton Point and back, believed to be the first to do so.

Hull High School, the town's public high school, opened on the point in 1957.

## Wind turbines

An Enertech 40 kW wind turbine was installed on Pemberton Point and started energy production in March 1985. The turbine was funded by the Massachusetts Department of Energy Resources, and was sited adjacent to the high school. It was damaged beyond repair by a storm in March 1997, and was removed after a new wind turbine, nicknamed "Hull Wind 1", was installed nearby at the end of 2001.

### Hull Wind 1

Hull Wind 1, a new Vestas V47 turbine capable of producing 660 kW, began producing power on Pemberton Point in December 2001. It stands 150 feet (46 m) tall. It is the first commercial wind turbine on the East Coast of the United States and in the whole of New England. It is also the first commercial urban turbine in North America. During its first year of operation, it saved Hull over $100,000. In 2003, planning began for an additional wind turbine known as "Hull Wind 2". It was initially suggested that it be located near Hull Wind 1, but after concerns were expressed by nearby residents over having two in close proximity, the new Vestas V80 1.8 MW wind turbine was installed on a landfill to the east, away from Pemberton Point, and began operation in May 2006.

## Facilities

The United States Coast Guard Station Point Allerton was built in 1969 and is located near the point. It was commissioned on April 18, 1970. Point Allerton Lifesaving Station, which opened on October 15, 1889, used to hold the United States Coast Guard before the present station was built.

The Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority runs boats from Pemberton Point to both Long Wharf and Logan Airport.

Pemberton Point Pier is a popular fishing location.

## InfoBox

| Pemberton Point Windmill Point | |
| --- | --- |
| Peninsula | |
| Aerial view of Pemberton Point, 2008 | |
| Pemberton PointLocation of Pemberton Point within Massachusetts | |
| Coordinates: 42°18′17″N 70°55′10″W / 42.30472°N 70.91944°W / 42.30472; -70.91944 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Massachusetts |
| County | Plymouth |
| Town | Hull |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (Eastern) |
| ZIP code | 02045 |
| Area code(s) | 339 / 781 |


title: William Dyas

abstract: William George Dyas MBE was an English first-class cricketer, as well as footballer, businessman and local politician in Shropshire.

text:
# William Dyas

**William George Dyas** MBE (6 November 1872 – 14 January 1940) was an English first-class cricketer, as well as footballer, businessman and local politician in Shropshire.

## Early life

Dyas was born in November 1872 at Madeley, Shropshire, son of farmer and maltster Andrew Beacall Dyas, whose family of Dutch extraction migrated to England in the reign of William III, and his wife Mary Anne, daughter of George Legge. He was educated at the nearby Wellington College (now Wrekin College).

## Cricket

An early figure in Shropshire cricket, having played for the county since 1892, Dyas was on the staff of Warwickshire by 1901. He did not play first-class cricket for Warwickshire, but did play four first-class matches for London County, captained by W. G. Grace; he made three appearances in 1901, followed by one in 1902. He scored 136 runs in his four matches, at an average of 22.66. His highest score of 83, which was his only half century in first-class cricket, came against the Marylebone Cricket Club (M.C.C.) in 1901. He also took 3 wickets with the ball.

Below first class level he played county level cricket for Shropshire until 1904. In twelve years' play for the county he made 1,442 runs in 39 matches, achieved four centuries with his highest score in a match of 169 runs (against the M.C.C.) and taking 87 wickets. After the county club disbanded, he continued to play for the Gentlemen of Shropshire team which replaced it. He played at club level for Madeley, which he captained for seven years, and Shifnal.

## Football

Dyas was also an active footballer between 1890 and 1903, when he played for Ironbridge F.C. in position of right-wing forward, appearing for them against Aston Villa in play for the Birmingham Senior Cup, and in a combined Shropshire team against Blackburn Rovers for the benefit of the Shropshire County League in 1902. He was invited to join West Bromwich Albion as an inside-right but declined due to business commitments. He also played locally for football clubs at Wrockwardine Wood and Wellington St George's.

## Other sports

Dyas also played hockey, at which he was a representative player for Shropshire, The Midlands (on eleven occasions, captaining the Midlands in 1904-05), and England against Scotland in 1903. He was President and Secretary of the Shropshire Hockey Association in 1907. He also owned racing pigeons and was president of Madeley Homing Club.

## Business and public life

Dyas was involved in the clay industry in Shropshire, having joined and become a partner by 1907 in the roofing tile-making firm of George Legge & Son (owned by his maternal family) at Broseley. He later became chairman of another tile manufacturers, Messrs. Maw and Company of Jackfield, the Nuway Mat Company of Coalport, Shropshire, and the Arenig Granite Company at Bala.

Dyas served in local public and political life mainly as a member representing Madeley as a Conservative on Wenlock Borough Council, to which he was first elected in 1904 and served, latterly as Alderman, until his death. He was Mayor of Wenlock four times, in 1919-20, 1923–24, 1925–26 and 1928-29. He was also a Justice of the Peace for the borough magistrates. He also represented Madeley as member of Shropshire County Council for 16 years, was a chairman of governors of Coalbrookdale High School.

In the First World War Dyas served as superintendent of local munitions magazines in Shropshire, for which he was awarded the M.B.E. after the war.

## Death

After suffering in his last three years from asthma and bronchitis, he died after a chill contracted while field shooting near Ludlow, at his home at Upper House, Madeley in January 1940 and was buried at Madeley Parish Church, of which he had been a churchwarden and church treasurer. He was unmarried.

## InfoBox

William Dyas
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | William George Dyas |
| Born | 6 November 1872
Madeley, Shropshire, England |
| Died | 14 January 1940(1940-01-14) (aged 67)
Madeley, Shropshire, England |
| Batting | Unknown |
| Bowling | Unknown |
| Domestic team information | |
| Years | Team |
| 19011902 | London County |
|  | |
| Career statistics | |
| Competition First-class  Matches 4  Runs scored 136  Batting average 22.66  100s/50s –/1  Top score 83  Balls bowled 228  Wickets 2  Bowling average 34.00  5 wickets in innings   10 wickets in match   Best bowling 1/16  Catches/stumpings –/– | |
|  | |
| Source: Cricinfo, 30 December 2021 | |


title: Mark Molson

abstract: John Markland "Mark" Molson was a Canadian professional bridge player from Montreal and Fenton, Michigan. He was a member of the Molson family and attended Selwyn House School. Most frequently partnered with Boris Baran, he won the Canada national bridge team Championships seven times, seven North American Bridge Championships, and came in second as a member of the Canada open team in the 1995 Bermuda Bowl. On September 5, 1998, his daughter, Jennifer Rose Molson, was born. He married fellow bridge world champion Janice Seamon-Molson, Jennifer's mother, on March 16, 1999. Janice is still a highly ranked Bridge player and Jennifer attended the New York Film Academy for musical theatre. Molson died suddenly of complications during an operation for a dissected aortic aneurism. This medical issue first surfaced while Mark was playing golf. He and Baran were inducted into the Canadian Bridge Federation Hall of Fame in 2013.

text:
# Mark Molson

**John Markland "Mark" Molson** (28 April 1949 – 19 January 2006) was a Canadian professional bridge player from Montreal and Fenton, Michigan.

He was a member of the Molson family and attended Selwyn House School.

Most frequently partnered with Boris Baran, he won the Canada national bridge team Championships seven times, seven North American Bridge Championships, and came in second as a member of the Canada open team in the 1995 Bermuda Bowl.

On September 5, 1998, his daughter, Jennifer Rose Molson, was born. He married fellow bridge world champion Janice Seamon-Molson, Jennifer's mother, on March 16, 1999. Janice is still a highly ranked Bridge player and Jennifer attended the New York Film Academy for musical theatre.

Molson died suddenly of complications during an operation for a dissected aortic aneurism. This medical issue first surfaced while Mark was playing golf.

He and Baran were inducted into the Canadian Bridge Federation Hall of Fame in 2013.

## Bridge accomplishments

### Awards

* Herman Trophy (1) 1989
* Richmond Trophy (5)
* Canadian Bridge Federation Hall of Fame, 2013

### Wins

### Runners-up