abstract: Let Us Burn – Elements & Hydra Live in Concert is the fifth live album by Dutch symphonic metal band Within Temptation. It was released in November, 2014 and is available on 2-disc DVD, 2-disc CD, 2-disc Blu-ray and digital album. The live album features two performances, being the first one the greatest part of the band's 15th anniversary concert at the Sportpaleis, titled Elements, and the second one the band's performance at the AFAS Live during the Hydra World Tour.

text:
# Let Us Burn – Elements & Hydra Live in Concert

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| About.com |  |
| Gazet van Antwerpen |  |
| Metal Hammer (Ger) |  |
| Metal Hammer (UK) |  |

***Let Us Burn – Elements & Hydra Live in Concert*** (or simply ***Let Us Burn***) is the fifth live album by Dutch symphonic metal band Within Temptation. It was released in November, 2014 and is available on 2-disc DVD, 2-disc CD, 2-disc Blu-ray and digital album. The live album features two performances, being the first one the greatest part of the band's 15th anniversary concert at the Sportpaleis, titled *Elements*, and the second one the band's performance at the AFAS Live during the Hydra World Tour.

## Background

On 9 May 2012, the band officially announced a special concert titled "Elements" at the Sportpaleis, in Antwerp, in celebration of their 15-year anniversary. Il Novecento Orchestra accompanied the band among other special guests, including ex-band members and former Orphanage vocalist George Oosthoek. The show was sold out with fans from over 50 reported countries in attendance. No plans for a video album were in mind at the time, and as the band disliked the final result, they moved forward on the next album tour. As Hydra was released, the band decided to record a live album featuring a concert and announced via their Facebook account that they were going to record the concert in Amsterdam at the same evening for a later release. During an interview for *Sonic Cathedral*, lead vocalist Sharon den Adel stated that the plan was originally to make a *Hydra* live album as plans for the *Elements* concert turning into a live album were early dropped as the band found themselves unhappy with the result, so they opted to left only a few songs as extra content, but in the edition final process they decided to change the main concert to *Elements* as they realized the event was an important moment for their history, and after some work on the material they considered it a worthy material then. Den Adel also commented that having *Black Symphony* as the previous live video released, *Elements* would be the only possible follow up as it wasn't a common concert. Some ex-members were invited to the *Elements* concert as they were somehow part of the band's history, as Martijn Westerholt and Michiel Papenhove. Both of them executed their original instruments during the track "Candles", in which was composed while they're still band's studio or touring members at the time.

Both concerts had missing songs on the final edition cut. The concert at the Sportpaleis also featured "Never-Ending Story", "Titanium", "Summertime Sadness", "Grenade", "Memories", "What Have You Done" and "Our Farewell" while the concert at the Heineken Music Hall missed "Our Solemn Hour", "Angels", "See Who I Am", "The Cross" and "Summertime Sadness".

Upon its release, Let Us Burn charted on multiple charts, including number 5 on the Dutch Album charts, as well as number 2 on the United Kingdom Music Video charts, their first to do so.

## Track listing

All lyrics are written by Sharon den Adel and Robert Westerholt, except where noted

Elements Concert
| No. | Title | Music | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Intro" | den Adel, Westerholt |  |
| 2. | "Iron" | Westerholt, Daniel Gibson | 5:44 |
| 3. | "In the Middle of the Night" (lyrics: den Adel, Westerholt, Gibson) | den Adel, Westerholt, Gibson | 5:11 |
| 4. | "Faster" (lyrics: den Adel, Westerholt, Gibson) | den Adel, Westerholt, Gibson | 4:25 |
| 5. | "Fire and Ice" | den Adel, Martijn Spierenburg | 3:54 |
| 6. | "Our Solemn Hour" | den Adel, Spierenburg | 5:16 |
| 7. | "Stand My Ground" | Gibson, Han'some | 4:28 |
| 8. | "Angels" | den Adel, Spierenburg | 4:12 |
| 9. | "Sanctuary" (Intro) | den Adel, Westerholt | 2:01 |
| 10. | "The Last Dance" (lyrics: Spierenburg, Westerholt, den Adel) | Spierenburg, Westerholt, den Adel | 4:30 |
| 11. | "Say My Name" | den Adel, Westerholt | 4:06 |
| 12. | "Candles" (featuring George Oosthoek) | den Adel, Westerholt | 7:03 |
| 13. | "Sinéad" (lyrics: den Adel, Westerholt, Gibson, Spierenburg) | den Adel, Westerholt, Gibson, Spierenburg | 4:20 |
| 14. | "The Promise" | den Adel, Westerholt | 8:10 |
| 15. | "Mother Earth" | Westerholt, Guus Eikens | 5:33 |
| 16. | "Ice Queen" | den Adel, Westerholt | 4:54 |
| 17. | "Stairway to the Skies" | den Adel, Spierenburg | 6:21 |

Hydra Concert
| No. | Title | Music | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Intro" | den Adel, Westerholt |  |
| 2. | "Let Us Burn" (lyrics: den Adel, Westerholt, Daniel Gibson) | Westerholt, Gibson | 5:24 |
| 3. | "Paradise (What About Us?)" (featuring Tarja on screen) | den Adel, Martijn Spierenburg | 5:23 |
| 4. | "Faster" (lyrics: den Adel, Westerholt, Gibson) | den Adel, Westerholt, Gibson | 4:22 |
| 5. | "Iron" | Westerholt, Gibson | 5:37 |
| 6. | "Edge of the World" | den Adel, Juno Jimmink | 4:59 |
| 7. | "In the Middle of the Night" (lyrics: den Adel, Westerholt, Gibson) | den Adel, Westerholt, Gibson | 5:14 |
| 8. | "Dangerous" (featuring Howard Jones on screen) | Westerholt, Gibson | 4:51 |
| 9. | "And We Run" (featuring Xzibit on screen; lyrics: den Adel, Westerholt, Alvin Joiner) | den Adel, Westerholt, Joiner | 3:56 |
| 10. | "Stand My Ground" | Gibson, Han'some | 5:18 |
| 11. | "Covered by Roses" | den Adel, Spierenburg | 5:12 |
| 12. | "Mother Earth" | Westerholt, Guus Eikens | 5:50 |
| 13. | "What Have You Done" (featuring Keith Caputo on screen) | den Adel, Westerholt | 5:02 |
| 14. | "Silver Moonlight" (featuring Robert Westerholt) | den Adel, Spierenburg | 5:42 |
| 15. | "Whole World Is Watching" (acoustic; lyrics: den Adel, Westerholt, Gibson) | Westerholt, Gibson | 3:02 |
| 16. | "Sinéad" (acoustic; lyrics: den Adel, Westerholt, Gibson, Spierenburg) | den Adel, Westerholt, Gibson, Spierenburg | 3:21 |
| 17. | "Ice Queen" | den Adel, Westerholt | 5:05 |

## Personnel

### Guest musicians

* George Oosthoekgrowls on "Candles" at *Elements*
* Robert Westerholt – rhythm guitar on *Elements* and growls on "Silver Moonlight" at *Hydra*
* Martijn Westerholt – keyboards on "Candles" at *Elements*
* Michiel Papenhove – lead guitar on "Candles" at *Elements*
* Koen van den Broek – percussion on "The Last Dance" at *Elements*
* Milangelo Martis – percussion on "The Last Dance" at *Elements*
* Il Novecento Orchestra
* Fine Fleur Choir

## Chart positions

## InfoBox

| Let Us Burn – Elements & Hydra Live in Concert | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Video by Within Temptation | |
| Released | 12 November 2014
14 November 2014
17 November 2014
25 November 2014 |
| Recorded | 13 November 2012 (Elements)
2 & 3 May 2014 (Hydra) |
| Venue | Sportpaleis (Elements)
AFAS Live (Hydra) |
| Genre | Symphonic metal |
| Length | 170 Min |
| Label | BMG |
| Director | *"Elements"*
Robert Westerholt
Marteen Welzen
*"Hydra"*
Oscar Verport |
| Producer | * Arjan Rietvink * Within Temptation |
| Within Temptation video chronology | |
| *Black Symphony*
(2008) ***Let Us Burn – Elements & Hydra Live in Concert***
(2014) *Worlds Collide Tour - Live in Amsterdam*
(2024) | |
|  | |
| Within Temptation chronology | |
| *Hydra*
(2014) ***Let Us Burn – Elements & Hydra Live in Concert***
(2014) *Resist*
(2019) | |
|  | |


title: Wellington (disambiguation)

abstract: Wellington is the capital city of New Zealand. Wellington may also refer to:

text:
# Wellington (disambiguation)

**Wellington** is the capital city of New Zealand.

**Wellington** may also refer to:

## People

## Places

### Australia

#### New South Wales

#### Northern Territory

#### Tasmania

#### Victoria

#### South Australia

#### Western Australia

### Canada

#### Places

#### Electoral districts

### Chile

### India

### New Zealand

### South Africa

### United Kingdom

#### Settlements

#### Constituencies

### United States

## Businesses

## Fictional characters

## Military

## Schools

## Transportation

## Other uses


title: Tom Clark (footballer)

abstract: Thomas Clark was a professional footballer who played as a full-back.

text:
# Tom Clark (footballer)

**Thomas Clark** was a professional footballer who played as a full-back.

## Career statistics

Source:

| Club | Division | Season | League | | FA Cup | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Port Vale | Third Division South | 1938–39 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Sunderland |  | 1939–40 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Carlisle United |  | 1945–46 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 |
| Career total | | | 0 | 0 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 |

## InfoBox

Tom Clark
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Thomas Clark | | |
| Position(s) | Full-back | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1938–1939 | Port Vale | 0 | (0) |
| 1939 | Sunderland | 0 | (0) |
| 1945–1946 | Carlisle United | 0 | (0) |
| Total |  | **0** | **(0)** |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: M. P. de Z. Siriwardena

abstract: Michael Paul de Zoysa Siriwardena was a Ceylonese politician. He was a Cabinet Minister and Chief Government Whip. He served as Member of Parliament from the Minuwangoda from 1960 to 1977. Siriwardena was elected to Parliament from the Minuwangoda Electoral District in the Parliamentary elections in March 1960 from the Sri Lanka Freedom Party retaining the seat in the subsequent elections in July that year. He was appointed as the Minister of Labour and Nationalised Services in 1960 and served until 1963, when he was appointed Minister of Public Works and Post. In 1964 he was appointed Chief Government Whip. He was re-elected in the Parliamentary elections in 1965 and Parliamentary elections in 1970. He was a cousin of Stanley de Zoysa, Minister of Finance.

text:
# M. P. de Z. Siriwardena

**Michael Paul de Zoysa Siriwardena** (6 September 1906 – 15 October 1978) was a Ceylonese politician. He was a Cabinet Minister and Chief Government Whip. He served as Member of Parliament from the Minuwangoda from 1960 to 1977.

Siriwardena was elected to Parliament from the Minuwangoda Electoral District in the Parliamentary elections in March 1960 from the Sri Lanka Freedom Party retaining the seat in the subsequent elections in July that year. He was appointed as the Minister of Labour and Nationalised Services in 1960 and served until 1963, when he was appointed Minister of Public Works and Post. In 1964 he was appointed Chief Government Whip. He was re-elected in the Parliamentary elections in 1965 and Parliamentary elections in 1970.

He was a cousin of Stanley de Zoysa, Minister of Finance.


title: Lytta comans

abstract: Lytta comans is a species of blister beetle in the family Meloidae. It is found in North America.

text:
# Lytta comans

***Lytta comans*** is a species of blister beetle in the family Meloidae. It is found in North America.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| *Lytta comans* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Meloidae |
| Genus: | *Lytta* |
| Species: | ***L. comans*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Lytta comans***<br>Selander, 1960 | |
|


title: Peace–Athabasca Delta

abstract: The Peace–Athabasca Delta, located in northeast Alberta, is the largest freshwater inland river delta in North America. It is located partially within the southeast corner of Wood Buffalo National Park, Canada's largest national park, and also spreads into the Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo, west and south of the historical community of Fort Chipewyan. The delta encompasses approximately 321,200 ha, formed where the Peace and Athabasca rivers converge on the Slave River and Lake Athabasca. The delta region is designated a wetland of international importance and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The region is large enough that it is considered one of twenty distinct natural subregions of Alberta by the provincial government's Natural Regions Committee.

text:
# Peace–Athabasca Delta

The **Peace–Athabasca Delta**, located in northeast Alberta, is the largest freshwater inland river delta in North America. It is located partially within the southeast corner of Wood Buffalo National Park, Canada's largest national park, and also spreads into the Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo, west and south of the historical community of Fort Chipewyan. The delta encompasses approximately 321,200 ha (794,000 acres), formed where the Peace and Athabasca rivers converge on the Slave River and Lake Athabasca. The delta region is designated a wetland of international importance and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The region is large enough that it is considered one of twenty distinct natural subregions of Alberta by the provincial government's Natural Regions Committee.

## History

Land use and occupation by the first indigenous people in the area can be traced to the retreat of the glaciers. (Finkelstein 2005) The descendants of the Cree and Chipewyan First Nations continue to carry on traditional fishing, hunting and trapping activities. It is "the longest standing tradition of native subsistence use." (Finkelstein 2005) Based on excavations in the 1980s at the Peace Point and Lake One Dune (IgPc-9) sites, archaeologist Marc Stevenson argued that the area around Peace Point has been occupied by boreal forest-related and plains-related northern hunter-gatherer groups of people "at intervals over the last 7000-8000 years."

In 1922, Wood Buffalo National Park was established to protect the remnant population of bison that escaped the slaughter in the late 19th century.(Finkelstein 2005) It became the world's largest herd of free roaming wood bison, currently estimated at more than 5,000. It is one of two known nesting sites of whooping cranes.

In the late 1960s, the W.A.C. Bennett Dam was constructed on the Peace River in northern British Columbia by BC Hydro, a major hydropower utility. Between 1968 and 1971, "after the construction and initial filling of the W.A.C. Bennett hydroelectric dam at the headwaters of the Peace River", the Peace–Athabasca delta experienced a "prolonged dry period" that turned some basins from aquatic into terrestrial ecosystems.(EC 2005)

In 1974, a major flood occurred in the region and, when the spring water receded, the delta experienced a second prolonged dry period.(EC 2005)

On 24 May 1982, the Peace–Athabasca Delta region was designated by the Ramsar Convention as a wetland of international importance. The Ramsar Convention, an international treaty for the conservation and sustainable utilization of wetlands,(Ramzar) was created to "stem the progressive encroachment on and loss of wetlands now and in the future". They recognize the "fundamental ecological functions of wetlands" that support a "characteristic flora and fauna, particularly waterfowl" and the economic, cultural, scientific, and recreational value of wetlands. The reasons for this designation as internationally significant are,

> "The Peace–Athabasca Delta is the largest boreal delta in the world and is relatively undisturbed by civilization. It is one of the most important waterfowl nesting and staging areas in North America and is the staging area for breeding ducks and geese on their way to the MacKenzie River lowlands, Arctic river deltas and Arctic islands. Up to 400 000 birds may use the Delta in the spring, with more than one million birds in the autumn. The site also contains the largest undisturbed grass and sedge meadows in North America which are the prime range for an estimated 10, 000 wood and plains buffalo Bison *bison athabascae* and Bison *bison bison*."
>
> EC, 1993

In 1983, Peace–Athabasca Delta was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site as one of the world's largest freshwater deltas, for its biological diversity and for the population of wild bison.

In 1986, Ducks Unlimited (Canada) and Alberta Energy and Natural Resources Fish and Wildlife Division proposed "the portion of the delta lying outside Wood Buffalo National Park, with the exception of the Chipewyan Indian Reserves, as a Wildlife Habitat Management Area.

By the 1990s, the National Water Research Institute was involved in a provincial-territorial-federal initiative, the Northern River Basins Study, and was conducting research on the hydro-climatology and ecology of the Peace–Athabasca Delta. They investigated potential impact on the delta's productivity and biodiversity if the climate were to change. (EC 2005)

In the spring of 2006, BC Hydro dam managers released an agreed upon timed flow into the delta under appropriate hydrological and climatic conditions thereby increasing the magnitude of an ice-jam flood, producing the first major flood since c. 1986 and bringing restorative water to areas that had been dry since c.1986.(EC 2005)

In June 2009, the Peace–Athabasca Delta Environmental Monitoring Program (PADEMP) held their first official meeting in Fort Smith with 17 groups participating, including federal, provincial and territorial governments and ten First Nations directly affected by the Peace–Athabasca Delta. PADEMP chair, Stuart Macmillan representing Parks Canada, observed that, "I think everybody realizes if we don’t do this now, we’re in danger of losing something very special in the delta. The rate of change is increasing so rapidly that we’ve got to get a handle on what’s going on." According to Chris Heron, the NWT Metis Nation representative of the PADEMP, the use of traditional knowledge to determine the ecological health of the Peace–Athabasca Delta and their findings will be investigated using western science.(Bell 2009)

## Conservation

The marshes, lakes and mud flats of this area are an important habitat for waterfowl nesting and provides a staging area for migration.

The unique location and habitat of the Peace–Athabasca Delta region supports numerous species of waterbirds and is one of the most important places in North America for migrating waterbirds to rest, feed and breed.(Hanson 2005)

Although all four major North American flyways, Atlantic, Mississippi, Central, and Pacific, cross the Peace–Athabasca Delta, it is "probably the most significant to the Mississippi and Central flyways." In the spring, there can be up 400,000 migrating birds. In the fall, the number reaches one million. Species include ducks, geese, swans and the endangered whooping crane, which has its natural nesting place in the delta.

The grass and sedge meadows of this area also provide habitat for several thousand wood and plains bison.

### Influence of Bennett Dam

In the late 1960s, the W.A.C. Bennett Dam was constructed on the Peace River in northern British Columbia by BC Hydro, a major hydropower utility. The impacts of the dam on the delta have been disputed. Initial drops in water levels were mitigated by the construction of three rock-fill weirs on the Chenal des Quatre Fourches, Revillon Coupé, and Rivière des Rochers, the first of which was later removed due to complaints from muskrat trappers. The weirs restored mean open-season water levels nearly to pre-regulation levels.

Critical to the delta are spring ice-jam floods that play a critical role in refilling perched basins and wetlands outside of the permanently connected channels and lakes. It has been claimed that the dam reduced ice-jam floods, but recent studies are not able to verify this claim. Sediment records were used to reconstruct the history of flooding for the past 300 years. Maximum flood frequency was seen to reach a maximum in the early 1900s and declined in the 1940s and 1950s prior to the construction of the dam. There were no major ice-jam floods between 1975 and 1995 and this could be a result of the dam. Major ice-jam floods occurred in 1996 and 1997. There have been similar prolonged periods lacking major flooding including 1813 to 1839 and 1705 to 1786.

Studies of the climate and ecology of the Peace–Athabasca Delta have been carried out to understand the effect of the dam on delta. It was found that the recent decades are neither the driest nor the wettest that the delta has experienced in the past three hundred years. The early 1900s were some of the wettest conditions experienced by the delta. During the early- to mid-1900s there was a general trend of drying. While the delta is drier today than it was in the early parts of the 1900s, there is no clear indication that the dam is responsible. The Peace–Athabasca Delta is still well within the range of naturally variability due to natural changes in climate seen within the past few centuries.

An ongoing lawsuit between BC Hydro and local First Nations bands relates to the effects of Bennett Dam on delta water levels and associated traditional lifestyles.

## Waterways

The Birch River flows into Lake Claire, the largest lake completely in Alberta, which is an important part of the delta. Other water bodies located in the delta are Baril Lake, Mamawi Lake, Hilda Lake, Otter Lake, French Lake, Pair Lakes, Welstead Lake, Four Forks Lake, Galoot Lake, Pushup Lake, Jemis Lake, Richardson Lake, Flett Lake, Blanche Lake and Limon Lake.

Revillon Coupé, Rivière des Rochers and Chenal des Quatre Fourches are the main distributaries connecting Lake Athabasca and the point where Peace River flows into the Slave River. When the Peace River is in flood, the flow of these channels are reversed and water from the Peace flows into Lake Athabasca.

Other rivers draining the wetlands through the Peace–Athabasca Delta include Swift Current Creek, Carolyn Creek, Modere Creek, Steepbank River, McIvor River, Buckton Creek, Frog Creek, Sall River, Bolton Creek, Edra Creek, Peel Creek, Alice Creek, Mamawi Creek, Embarras River, Horse Island Creek, Chilloneys Creek, Claire River, Dempsey Creek, Baril River, Peltier Creek, Scow Channel, Powder Creek, and Revillon Coupe.

## InfoBox

| Peace–Athabasca Delta | |
| --- | --- |
| Peace–Athabasca Delta with Lake Claire, west end of Lake Athabasca and mouths of Peace River (north) and Athabasca River (south) | |
| Location | Alberta, Canada |
| Coordinates | 58°42′N 111°30′W / 58.700°N 111.500°W / 58.700; -111.500 |
| Area | 321,200 ha (794,000 acres) |
|  | |
| UNESCO World Heritage Site | |
| Type | natural |
| Designated | 1983 (7th session) |
| Part of | Wood Buffalo National Park |
| Reference no. | 256 |
| Region | List of World Heritage Sites in Canada |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location of Peace–Athabasca Delta in Canada | |
|  | |
| Ramsar Wetland | |
| Designated | 24 May 1982 |
| Reference no. | 241 |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Weston Historic District

abstract: Weston Historic District is a national historic district located at Weston, Platte County, Missouri. The district encompasses 16 full blocks and portions of 8 additional city blocks in the central business district and surrounding residential sections of Weston. It developed between about 1840 and 1920, and includes representative examples of Federal and Late Victorian style architecture. Notable buildings include the John Maitland Home, Humphrey House, Railey Brothers Banking Building, Hull Mill, Methodist Church (1868), old Presbyterian Church (1846), German Evangelical Lutheran Church (1867), Weston Baptist Church or Weston Historical Museum and Library Building(1902), and McGhay House. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.

text:
# Weston Historic District

**Weston Historic District** is a national historic district located at Weston, Platte County, Missouri. The district encompasses 16 full blocks and portions of 8 additional city blocks in the central business district and surrounding residential sections of Weston. It developed between about 1840 and 1920, and includes representative examples of Federal and Late Victorian style architecture. Notable buildings include the John Maitland Home (c. 1860), Humphrey House, Railey Brothers Banking Building, Hull Mill, Methodist Church (1868), old Presbyterian Church (1846), German Evangelical Lutheran Church (1867), Weston Baptist Church or Weston Historical Museum and Library Building(1902), and McGhay House.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Weston Historic District | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| U.S. Historic district | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | Roughly bounded by Summit, Rock, Market and Ashley, Weston, Missouri |
| Coordinates | 39°24′47″N 94°54′06″W / 39.41306°N 94.90167°W / 39.41306; -94.90167 |
| Area | 131.2 acres (53.1 ha) |
| Architect | Multiple |
| Architectural style | Late Victorian, Federal |
| NRHP reference No. | 72000727 |
| Added to NRHP | August 21, 1972 |


title: Urbnisi

abstract: Urbnisi is a village in Georgia’s Shida Kartli region, in the district of Kareli. Situated on a high left bank of the Mtkvari river, it was an important city in ancient and early medieval Iberia as Georgia was known to the Greeks and Romans. It was the second most important city in Iberian Kingdom after the capital Mtskheta. Archaeological studies have demonstrated that the place was inhabited in the 3rd millennium BC. A type of wattle and daub buildings, covered in clay outside and inside, were discovered in the area, which had rounded shape or square with rounded corners, and had a window in the roof. The whole structure was held by central pillar. The settlement grew larger and, in the 4th century BC became a city with thriving commerce and culture. In graves were found locally produced and imported golden, silver, ceramic, class and bone artifacts of artistic value. The city borders are hard to define, but it was clearly surrounded by wide stone wall. Ruins of a fortress, rich baths, pagan sanctuaries and even a Jewish temple suggest the importance of the city. Burned structures and round catapult stones indicate the city may have been under a siege and subsequently sacked in c. 3rd century BC. The new era in Urbnisi’s life began with the conversion of Iberia to Christianity. It now became a major center of Georgian Orthodox culture, and a seat of the bishop. From the 6th to 7th centuries, a strong system of fortifications, containing 25 towers, was erected around the city that did not prevent, however, the Arab commander Marwan from capturing the city in the 730s. Following the invasion, it declined to a small village. However, the Urbnisi cathedral of St. Stephen continued to function as a center of a Georgian Orthodox diocese. The cathedral is a 6th-7th-century three-nave basilica which was rebuilt twice in the 10th and 17th centuries. Quite a simple and large church, it is based on twelve strong pillars for three naves. There are many inscriptions on the walls of the cathedral as well, which are thought to be examples of the 5th–6th-century Georgian alphabet. In 1706, a bell-tower was erected to the west from the church. An inscription of the western facade says that it was built by the order of the King Vakhtang VI and Queen Rusudan. The bell-tower is composed of two parts: the lower massive cubic base and the belfry with arches. The lower part has two floors. Its ground floor contains the arch entrance to the church territory. The upper floor had living rooms. The eastern facade of the bell-tower has an open balcony. Near the village is an 8th–9th-century domed church, Ruisi cathedral, which serves as a center of the Urbnisi-Ruisi eparchy of the Georgian Orthodox Church. Both Urbnisi Monastery and the Ruisi Cathedral are known for a major ecclesiastic council convened here in 1103–1104 by the Georgian king David the Builder to cope with problems within the church hierarchy.

text:
# Urbnisi

**Urbnisi** (Georgian: ურბნისი) is a village in Georgia’s Shida Kartli region, in the district of Kareli.

Situated on a high left bank of the Mtkvari river, it was an important city in ancient and early medieval Iberia as Georgia was known to the Greeks and Romans. It was the second most important city in Iberian Kingdom after the capital Mtskheta.

Archaeological studies have demonstrated that the place was inhabited in the 3rd millennium BC. A type of wattle and daub buildings, covered in clay outside and inside, were discovered in the area, which had rounded shape or square with rounded corners, and had a window in the roof. The whole structure was held by central pillar. The settlement grew larger and, in the 4th century BC became a city with thriving commerce and culture. In graves were found locally produced and imported golden, silver, ceramic, class and bone artifacts of artistic value.

The city borders are hard to define, but it was clearly surrounded by wide stone wall. Ruins of a fortress, rich baths, pagan sanctuaries and even a Jewish temple suggest the importance of the city. Burned structures and round catapult stones indicate the city may have been under a siege and subsequently sacked in c. 3rd century BC.

The new era in Urbnisi’s life began with the conversion of Iberia to Christianity. It now became a major center of Georgian Orthodox culture, and a seat of the bishop. From the 6th to 7th centuries, a strong system of fortifications, containing 25 towers, was erected around the city that did not prevent, however, the Arab commander Marwan (caliph from 744 to 750) from capturing the city in the 730s. Following the invasion, it declined to a small village. However, the Urbnisi cathedral of St. Stephen continued to function as a center of a Georgian Orthodox diocese.

The cathedral is a 6th-7th-century three-nave basilica which was rebuilt twice in the 10th and 17th centuries. Quite a simple and large church, it is based on twelve strong pillars for three naves. There are many inscriptions on the walls of the cathedral as well, which are thought to be examples of the 5th–6th-century Georgian alphabet. In 1706, a bell-tower was erected to the west from the church. An inscription of the western facade says that it was built by the order of the King Vakhtang VI and Queen Rusudan. The bell-tower is composed of two parts: the lower massive cubic base and the belfry with arches. The lower part has two floors. Its ground floor contains the arch entrance to the church territory. The upper floor had living rooms. The eastern facade of the bell-tower has an open balcony.

Near the village is an 8th–9th-century domed church, Ruisi cathedral, which serves as a center of the Urbnisi-Ruisi eparchy of the Georgian Orthodox Church.

Both Urbnisi Monastery and the Ruisi Cathedral are known for a major ecclesiastic council convened here in 1103–1104 by the Georgian king David the Builder to cope with problems within the church hierarchy.

## InfoBox

| Urbnisi ურბნისი | |
| --- | --- |
| UrbnisiLocation in Georgia | |
| Coordinates: 42°00′45″N 43°58′51″E / 42.01250°N 43.98083°E / 42.01250; 43.98083 | |
| Country | Georgia |
| Region | Shida Kartli |
| Municipality | Kareli |
| Elevation | 640 m (2,100 ft) |
| Population (2014) | |
| Total | 1,109 |
| Time zone | UTC+4 (Georgian Time) |


title: Levon Chilingirian

abstract: Levon Chilingirian OBE is a UK-based violinist of Armenian origin. The founder of the Chilingirian Quartet, he is also a professor and Chamber Music Artist in Residence at the Royal Academy of Music and professor of Violin and Chamber Music at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama, both in London. Born to Armenian parents in Nicosia, Cyprus, Chilingirian began playing the violin when he was five, being taught by his great-uncle, Vahan Bedelian. He came to Britain when he was 12 and studied at the Royal College of Music. With Clifford Benson (piano), he won first prize in the BBC Beethoven and the Munich Duo competitions in 1969 and 1971 respectively. In 1971 he founded the Chilingirian Quartet, which has developed a strong association with a number of composers, including John Tavener and Michael Berkeley. He was also one of the first members of The English Concert, and played in their first London concert in 1973. The Chilingirian Quartet hold an annual summer school at West Dean College. In addition to teaching, playing and recording, Chilingirian's interest in the work of Edvard Grieg led to his own version of the composer's incomplete Quartet in F major. Chilingirian served as musical director of Camerata Nordica, a Swedish chamber orchestra, was artistic director (2003–2016) of the Mendelssohn on Mull Festival and with the Quartet has been part of the Lake District Summer Music festival since its inception. In the 2000 New Year Honours list, Chilingirian was awarded the Order of the British Empire for services to music.

text:
# Levon Chilingirian

**Levon Chilingirian** OBE (Լևոն Չիլինկիրեան born 28 May 1948) is a UK-based violinist of Armenian origin. The founder of the Chilingirian Quartet, he is also a professor and Chamber Music Artist in Residence at the Royal Academy of Music and professor of Violin and Chamber Music at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama, both in London.

Born to Armenian parents in Nicosia, Cyprus, Chilingirian began playing the violin when he was five, being taught by his great-uncle, Vahan Bedelian. He came to Britain when he was 12 and studied at the Royal College of Music. With Clifford Benson (piano), he won first prize in the BBC Beethoven and the Munich Duo competitions in 1969 and 1971 respectively.

In 1971 he founded the Chilingirian Quartet, which has developed a strong association with a number of composers, including John Tavener and Michael Berkeley. He was also one of the first members of The English Concert, and played in their first London concert in 1973. The Chilingirian Quartet hold an annual summer school at West Dean College.

In addition to teaching, playing and recording, Chilingirian's interest in the work of Edvard Grieg led to his own version of the composer's incomplete Quartet in F major. Chilingirian served as musical director of Camerata Nordica, a Swedish chamber orchestra, was artistic director (2003–2016) of the Mendelssohn on Mull Festival and with the Quartet has been part of the Lake District Summer Music festival since its inception.

In the 2000 New Year Honours list, Chilingirian was awarded the Order of the British Empire for services to music.

## InfoBox

| Levon Chilingirian | |
| --- | --- |
| Birth name | Levon Chilingirian |
| Origin | Nicosia, Cyprus |
| Occupation(s) | Violin, conductor |


title: Weight (song)

abstract: "Weight" is the debut single released by American drag queen Latrice Royale. The single was released on January 15, 2014. The song plays with the homophones "weight" and "wait", revolving around the topics of food, hunger, and cravings. The track features a verse by rapper Epiphany Mattel.

text:
# Weight (song)

"**Weight**" is the debut single released by American drag queen Latrice Royale. The single was released on January 15, 2014. The song plays with the homophones "weight" and "wait", revolving around the topics of food, hunger, and cravings. The track features a verse by rapper Epiphany Mattel.

## Background

Building off of his *RuPaul's Drag Race* season 4 success, Royale released a song with Manila Luzon called "The Chop" in 2012. While Luzon had gone on to release other tracks, Royale had not collaborated on any of the projects. On July 10, 2013, Drag Official released an interview with Royale where he stated he was working on a single that people would have to "W-E-I-G-H-T for..."

On January 15, 2014 Royale released the single, followed by an accompanying music video released in June. For the music video, Royale partnered with Michaelangelo Cosculluela, who acted as producer and editor on the project.

## Reception

*Instinct Magazine* described the song as a "high energy dance track \[that\] may not be everyone's flavor, but it's a fun departure from other contrived RPDR \[*RuPaul's Drag Race*\] alumnus music."

The song was positively reviewed by *The Huffington Post*, *Logo TV*, *The Magic Critique*, and *The Embittered Queen*, among others. *RuPaul's Drag Race* alum Pandora Boxx also positively reviewed the song, stating, "It’s funny, catchy and it’s got a good beat. It also manages to capture what we all loved about Latrice and that’s not always easy to do in a song."

Remixes of "Weight" have been mixed by artists Jared Jones, Lomlplex, Naked Highway, Joe Cole and David Patrilla. Rapper Jipsta appears on the remix by Jared Jones. Royale released a "Weight" remixed album with a collection of those remixes in June 2014.

## Charts

| Chart (2015) | Peak<br>position |
| --- | --- |
| US Comedy Digital Songs (*Billboard*) | 13 |

## InfoBox

| "Weight" | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by Latrice Royale featuring Epiphany Mattel | |
| Released | January 15, 2014 (2014-01-15) |
| Recorded | 2014 |
| Genre | Dance |
| Length | 3:26 |
| Label | Lomlplex |
| Songwriter(s) | Michaelangelo Cosculluela |
| Producer(s) | Michaelangelo Cosculluela |


title: Tommy Tompkins

abstract: Edwin Thomas Tompkins, known as Tom or Tommy Tompkins, was an English footballer who played as a forward and half back for Doncaster Rovers and Leeds City in The Football League at the beginning of the 20th century. Tompkins signed for Doncaster for their return to the Second Division in 1904−05. He scored in his second game against Mexborough Town in the FA Cup on 3 November, and 2 days later in his League debut against Burton United. It was the joint worst season in English Football League history, Doncaster ending up bottom with just 8 points from 34 games and failing to be re-elected. He then went to Denaby United in the Midland League for two seasons before joining Leeds City. Despite looking good in practice games, his form wasn't good and he was dropped after 11 games. At the end of the season he moved to Mexborough Town where he saw out his career back in the Midland League.

text:
# Tommy Tompkins

**Edwin Thomas Tompkins** (1880 − 1940), known as **Tom** or **Tommy Tompkins**, was an English footballer who played as a forward and half back for Doncaster Rovers and Leeds City in The Football League at the beginning of the 20th century.

Tompkins signed for Doncaster for their return to the Second Division in 1904−05. He scored in his second game against Mexborough Town in the FA Cup on 3 November, and 2 days later in his League debut against Burton United. It was the joint worst season in English Football League history, Doncaster ending up bottom with just 8 points from 34 games and failing to be re-elected.

He then went to Denaby United in the Midland League for two seasons before joining Leeds City. Despite looking good in practice games, his form wasn't good and he was dropped after 11 games. At the end of the season he moved to Mexborough Town where he saw out his career back in the Midland League.

## InfoBox

Tommy Tompkins
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Thomas Tompkins | | |
| Date of birth | 1880 | | |
| Height | 5 ft 6 in (1.68 m) | | |
| Position(s) | Forward / Half back | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1904−1905 | Doncaster Rovers | 15 | (1) |
| 1905−1907 | Denaby United |  |  |
| 1907−1908 | Leeds City | 11 | (0) |
| 1908−? | Mexborough Town |  |  |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Quantemol

abstract: Quantemol Ltd is based in University College London initiated by Professor Jonathan Tennyson FRS and Dr. Daniel Brown in 2004. The company initially developed a unique software tool, Quantemol-N, which provides full accessibility to the highly sophisticated UK molecular R-matrix codes, used to model electron polyatomic molecule interactions. Since then Quantemol has widened to further types of simulation, with plasmas and industrial plasma tools, in Quantemol-VT in 2013 and launched in 2016 a sustainable database Quantemol-DB, representing the chemical and radiative transport properties of a wide range of plasmas.

text:
# Quantemol

**Quantemol Ltd** is based in University College London initiated by Professor Jonathan Tennyson FRS and Dr. Daniel Brown in 2004. The company initially developed a unique software tool, Quantemol-N, which provides full accessibility to the highly sophisticated UK molecular R-matrix codes, used to model electron polyatomic molecule interactions. Since then Quantemol has widened to further types of simulation, with plasmas and industrial plasma tools, in Quantemol-VT in 2013 and launched in 2016 a sustainable database Quantemol-DB, representing the chemical and radiative transport properties of a wide range of plasmas.

## Quantemol-N

The Quantemol-N software system has been developed to simplify use of UK R-matrix codes. It provides an interface for non specialists to perform ab initio electron-molecule scattering calculations. Quantemol-N calculates a variety of observables for electron molecule collisions including:

* Elastic cross sections
* Electronic excitation cross sections
* Electron impact dissociation rates
* Resonance parameters
* Radial charge density calculation
* Dissociative electron attachment cross sections
* Ionisation cross sections
* Differential cross sections
* Momentum transfer cross sections
* Vibrational excitation cross sections

### Applicable simulations

Quantemol-N is capable of tackling a variety of problems;

* Closed shell molecules
* Open shell molecules, and radicals
* Neutral and positively charged species
* Molecules of up to 17 atoms. (Neopentane has been successfully simulated, with improvements allowing more atoms in the future, and rapid movement towards Biomolecules)

### Accuracy

A study on the key benchmark molecule; water, gave results more accurate than obtainable experimentally (Faure et al. 2004).

Experimentally, there are problems measuring large cross sections at low angles; this applies to any molecule with a large dipole moment. Being a simulation, this is not a problem for Quantemol-N.

### Relevant Publications

Jonathan Tennyson, Daniel B. Brown, James J. Munro, Iryna Rozum, Hemal N. Varambhia and Natalia Vinci *Journal of Physics*: Conference Series 86, 012001 (2007) doi: 1742-6596/86/1/012001 Radmilovic-Radjenovic M., Petrovic Z.L., *Acta Physica Polonica A*, 117 (2010),745-747 Varambhia H. N., Faure A., Graupner K., et al. *Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society*, 403 (2010), 1409-1412 M. Radmilovic-Radjenovic, H. N. Varambhia, M. Vranic, J. Tennyson, Z. Lj. Petrovic. *Publ. Astron. Obs. Belgrade* No. 84 (2008), 57-60 Hemal N. Varambhia, James J. Munro and Jonathan Tennyson *International Journal of Mass Spectrometry*, 271, 1-7 (2008) Hemal N. Varambhia and Jonathan Tennyson *Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics*, 40, 1211-1223 (2007) 29 March 2005, by Harry Yeates, *Electronics Weekly* 15 March 2005, *III-Vs Review*

## Quantemol-EC

Quantemol-Electron Collisions is a python-based software enabling calculations of electron-molecule scattering cross sections using a suite of up to date R-matrix codes (UKRMol+) and other methods such as Binary Encounter Bethe (BEB) model, BEf- scaling and dissociative electron attachment cross-section estimation. It was launched in 2019 and its major differences from Quantemol-N are the use of UKRMol+ instead of UKRMol and utilising Molpro software for molecular target setups. These changes resulted in higher accuracy of calculations and improved usability as molecular geometry optimisation/generation and symmetry identification is performed by Molpro.

Quantemol-EC calculates a variety of observables for electron molecule collisions including:

* Elastic cross sections
* Electronic excitation cross sections
* Super-elastic/Quenching/De-excitation cross sections
* Electron impact dissociation (subject to a target molecule's specifics)
* Scattering reaction rate
* Arrhenius parameters for reaction rates
* Resonance parameters
* Estimate dissociative electron attachment
* Differential cross sections
* Momentum transfer cross sections
* Electron impact ionisation at all energies
* Rotational excitation cross sections

### Applicable simulations

In the same way as Quantemol-N, Quantemol-EC can be used for closed-shell and open-shell molecules, radicals, neutral and positively charged species.

### Relevant Publications

* Cooper, Bridgette; Tudorovskaya, Maria; Mohr, Sebastian; o'Hare, Aran; Hanicinec, Martin; Dzarasova, Anna; Gorfinkiel, Jimena; Benda, Jakub; Mašín, Zdeněk; Al-Refaie, Ahmed; Knowles, Peter; Tennyson, Jonathan (2019). "Quantemol Electron Collisions (QEC): An Enhanced Expert System for Performing Electron Molecule Collision Calculations Using the R-Matrix Method". *Atoms*. **7** (4): 97. Bibcode:2019Atoms...7...97C. doi:10.3390/atoms7040097.
* Mašín, Zdeněk; Benda, Jakub; Gorfinkiel, Jimena D.; Harvey, Alex G.; Tennyson, Jonathan (2020). "UKRmol+: A suite for modelling electronic processes in molecules interacting with electrons, positrons and photons using the R-matrix method". *Computer Physics Communications*. **249**: 107092. arXiv:1908.03018. Bibcode:2020CoPhC.24907092M. doi:10.1016/j.cpc.2019.107092. S2CID 199511040.
* Werner, Hans-Joachim; Knowles, Peter J.; Knizia, Gerald; Manby, Frederick R.; Schütz, Martin (2012). "Molpro: A general-purpose quantum chemistry program package". *Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Computational Molecular Science*. **2** (2): 242–253. doi:10.1002/wcms.82. S2CID 94868368.
* Tennyson, Jonathan (2010). "Electron–molecule collision calculations using the R-matrix method". *Physics Reports*. **491** (2–3): 29–76. Bibcode:2010PhR...491...29T. doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2010.02.001.

For resonance fits:

For calculating electron attachment:

For calculating Binary Encounter Bethe (BEB) model:

For calculating BE-f Scaling:

## Quantemol-VT

Quantemol-Virtual Tool is an expert software system for the simulation of industrial plasma processing tools. Q-VT builds upon the comprehensively validated Hybrid Plasma Equipment Model (HPEM) codes developed by renowned plasma physicist Professor Mark Kushner for simulating non-equilibrium low pressure (up to 1 Torr) plasma processes. Q-VT includes an intuitive user interface, data visualisation and analysis capabilities, and convenient job/batch management.

Applications include:

* Tool design and development
* Modelling of discharge and wafer level chemistry kinetics
* Model etch/deposition uniformity
* Examine tilting effects (when used with additional feature scale profile model, specifically compatible with Synopsys software)
* Large wafer size simulation (12 inch and more)

What Q-VT can model:

* Plasma tool geometry alterations
* Advanced volume and surface chemistries
* Variation of key plasma state variables with process parameter changes
* Ion flux on wafer level: ion energy/ angular distribution functions, and fluxes of all species along the wafer
* Non-Maxwellian electron dynamics
* Complex electromagnetic plasma interactions (current coils, permanent magnets, multi-frequency power supply, plasma circuit interactions)

Benefits of Q-VT

* Experimentally validated simulation system
* Experimentally validated simulation system focused on modelling plasma tools
* User-friendly tool-like interface
* Sets of validated plasma chemistries and cross-sections are provided with the licence
* Example libraries include numerous chambers
* Easy-to-use drawing tool for chamber design and modification: a tool simulation set-up service can be provided
* Ability to model complex plasma phenomena with additional modules (dust/radiation transport, ion kinetics, external circuits, etc.)
* Multi-run management system for managing large numbers of simulations
* Advanced reactor scale visualisation of scalar and vector plasma properties
* Experimental results importing
* Ability to easily distribute and manage jobs over a cluster

## Quantemol-DB

The **Quantemol database** (**QDB** or **Quantemol-DB**) is a database of plasma processes developed by Quantemol Ltd at University College London in 2016. The database contains chemistry data for plasma chemistry modelling with pre-assembled and validated chemistry sets, and is updated by Quantemol and contributing users. A peer-reviewed article detailing the database and service was published in 2017. One of the most challenging aspects in plasma modelling is insufficient chemistry data. The purpose of QDB is to provide a forum for collaborative effort between academia and industrial research to access, compare and improve the understanding of plasma chemistry sets influencing plasma behaviour.

### Approach to validation

The principles established for the validation of chemistry sets are that:

1. There is experimental bench-marking from open sources (where available) and also directly provided by industrial partners (collaborating on the Powerbase project) and database contributors.
2. Calculations are performed for a range of models thereby reflecting the underlying quality of input data (example models used for validation include HPEM, Global\_Kin, ChemKin).
3. The models used to produce the data are validated on a case-by-case basis.
4. Numerical uncertainties are quantified with thresholds set for validation where possible.

This methodology is specifically applied to atomic and molecular calculations using the principles established in the publication "Uncertainty Estimates of Theoretical Atomic and Molecular Data", which was produced for the International Atomic Energy Agency and focused on "data that are most important for high-temperature plasma modeling" with the "ultimate goal to develop guidelines for self-validation of computational theory for A+M \[Atomic and Molecular\] processes".

It is recognised that while the validation of chemistry sets directly may still be uncertain, the validation of data produced by models using this data will often be more easily obtained.

QDB users are invited to validate chemistry sets either directly or by validating the results of models which use these chemistry sets as inputs. Validation of the chemistry sets provided in the database will be based on the foundations of Uncertainty Quantification for calculations of complex systems.

For chemistry simulation, the scaling law based on the parameter study is a common methodology for this validation. For higher dimensional simulation, the behaviour of the species and the surface will be used for comparison.

Referencing is provided for users downloading chemistry sets, to ensure that relevant citations to chemistry set and validating experiments are included and can be used for publications.

### Validation of Individual Chemistry Reactions

Rate coefficients of each reaction are included in the validated chemistry set for a similar range of temperature and pressure.

The main validation method for individual reactions is compared with alternative theoretical calculations/estimations and experimental measurements. For unknown reactions different calculation methods are used:

* Quantemol-N (R-matrix method) calculations for electron molecule scattering reactions
* Scaling law, mathematical methods of estimation and expert opinion to estimate necessary data
* Quantum and Transition State Theory for unknown heavy particle reactions

### API feature

The Application Programming Interface (API) is a set of protocols and tools for linking the database with plasma modelling software Quantemol-VT. An API specifies how software components should interact and APIs are used when chemistries can be accessible in the graphical user interface (GUI) of the plasma modelling software.

### Surface Processes

The database has a library of sticking coefficients for atomic oxygen, atomic fluorine, fluorocarbons, and silane radicals. For surface mechanisms such as specific etches, the database provides a set of individual reactions with their associated probabilities. For energy-dependent reactions, the formula and the value of the used parameters are provided.

### Dynamic Chemistry app

This application helps to gather data which is already in Quantemol-DB related to feedstock gases of the plasma and assemble a new chemistry set and preferred format for downloading or running a Global Model or Boltzmann Solver.

### Global Model

The online global model calculates the reactor averaged particle densities and the electron temperature for a given set of process parameters in plasma. The model is solving equations: Particle density balance for heavy species Charge neutrality Electron energy density balance

The output includes volume average densities of species and electron temperature. Calculations can be set up for both pre-assembled and self-generated chemistry sets using the Dynamic Chemistry app.

Detailed documentation can be found here.

### Boltzmann Solver

The Boltzmann Solver is based on the formalism described in S. D. Rockwood, "Elastic and Inelastic Cross Sections for Electron-Hg Scattering from Hg Transport Data", Physical Review A 8, 2348-2358 (1973) and it was extended to a non-uniform energy grid.

The solver calculates EEDFs, effective electron temperature, and rate coefficients for electron collisions in the chemistry set for a gas temperature of choice, suitable for discharges with non-Maxwellian distributions.

Calculations can be set up for both pre-assembled and self-generated chemistry sets using the Dynamic Chemistry app.

### Current chemistry sets

| N2/H2 | CF4/O2 | CH4/H2 | Ar/NF3/O2 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| He | O2 | Ar | N2 |
| Ar/H2 | SiH4/NH3 | Ar/O2 | CF4/H2 |
| Ar/Cu | CF4 | Ar/NH3 | SiH4/Ar/O2 |
| SF6 | SiH4 | Cl2/O2/Ar | He/O2 |
| C2H2/H2 | Ar/BCl3/Cl2 | C4F8 | CH4/NH3 |
| N2/H2/O2/CF4 | CH4/N2 | HBr/CF4/CHF3/H2/Cl2O2 | C2H2/NH3 |
| SF6/CF4/O2 | Ar/O2/C4F8 | Ar/Cu/He | O2/H2 |
| Ar/NF3 | SF6/O2 | H2 | SF6/CF4/N2/H2 |


title: M. Ward discography

text:
# M. Ward discography

This is the discography for American singer-songwriter M. Ward.

## Solo work

### Albums

#### Studio albums

Solo albums, with selected details, chart positions and sales
| Title | Details | Peak chart positions | | | | | | | | | | Sales |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | US
 | US
Indie
 | AUS
Hit.
 | BEL
(FL)
 | BEL
(WA)
 | SCO
 | SPA
 | SWE
 | UK
 | UK
Indie
 | |
| *Duet for Guitars #2* | * Released: 1999 * Label: Co-Dependent |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| *End of Amnesia* | * Released: July 17, 2001  (reissued 2013)* Label: Self-released |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| *Transfiguration of Vincent* | * Released: March 18, 2003 * Label: Merge |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| *Transistor Radio* | * Released: February 22, 2005 * Label: Merge |  | 36 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 33 |  |
| *Post-War* | * Released: August 22, 2006 * Label: Merge | 146 | 7 |  |  |  |  |  | 28 |  | 22 |  |
| *Hold Time* | * Released: February 17, 2009 * Label: Merge | 31 | 1 | 5 | 33 |  | 100 |  | 31 |  | 10 |  |
| *A Wasteland Companion* | * Released: April 10, 2012 * Label: Merge | 21 | 5 | 12 | 33 |  | 92 | 51 | 35 | 106 | 15 |  |
| *More Rain* | * Released: March 4, 2016 * Label: Merge | 128 | 7 | 14 | 59 | 174 |  |  |  |  | 34 |  |
| *What a Wonderful Industry* | * Released: June 8, 2018 * Label: M. Ward |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| *Migration Stories* | * Released: April 3, 2020 * Label: Anti- / M. Ward |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| *Think of Spring* | * Released: December 11, 2020 * Label: Anti- / M. Ward |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| *Supernatural Thing* | * Released: June 23, 2023 * Label: Anti- / M. Ward |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| "—" denotes releases that did not chart, or was not released in that country. | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

#### Live albums

| Title | Details |
| --- | --- |
| *Live Music & The Voice of Strangers* | * Released: 2001 * Label: Self-released |

### EPs

* *Scene from No. 12 (I Ain't Sleeping)* (2000)
* *To Go Home* (2007)

### Singles

| Title | Year | Peak chart positions | | | | | Album |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | US
AAA
 | BEL
(FL)
 | MEX
Eng.
 | UK
Phys.
 | UK
Indie
 | |
| "To Go Home" | 2007 |  |  |  |  | 25 | *Post-War* |
| "Hold Time" | 2009 |  |  |  |  |  | *Hold Time* |
| | "Never Had Nobody Like You"
(featuring Zooey Deschanel) |  |  |  |  | |  |
| | "Rave On"
(featuring Zooey Deschanel) |  |  |  |  | |  |
| "The First Time I Ran Away" | 2012 |  |  |  |  |  | *A Wasteland Companion* |
| | "Primitive Girl" |  |  | 47 | 78 | |  |
| | "Me And My Shadow" |  |  |  |  | |  |
| "Here Comes The Sun Again" (Four-Track Demo) | 2014 |  |  |  |  |  | *Transistor Radio* (reissue) |
| "Girl From Conejo Valley" | 2015 |  |  |  |  |  | *More Rain* |
| "Confession" | 2016 |  |  |  |  | |  |
| | "Temptation" |  |  |  |  | |  |
| | "Slow Driving Man" |  |  |  |  | |  |
| "Migration Of Souls" | 2019 |  |  |  |  |  | *Migration Stories* |
| "Unreal City" | 2020 | 35 |  |  |  | |  |
| "Birthday" | 2021 |  |  |  |  |  | Non-album single |
| "Supernatural Thing" | 2023 |  |  |  |  |  | *Supernatural Thing* |
| | "New Kerrang" |  |  |  |  | |  |
| | "Too Young To Die"
(featuring First Aid Kit) |  |  |  |  | |  |
| "—" denotes releases that did not chart, or was not released in that country. | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## With other artists

### Arizona Amp and Alternator

### She & Him

Albums as She & Him, with selected details and chart positions
| Title | Details | Peak chart positions | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | US
 | US
Folk
 | US
Rock
 | AUS
 | BEL
(Fla)
 | FRA
 | SPA
 | SWE
 | UK
 |
| *Volume One* | * Released: 2008 * Label: Merge | 71 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| *Volume Two* | * Released: 2010 * Label: Merge | 6 | 1 | 1 | 49 | 67 | 104 | 87 | 28 | 62 |
| *A Very She & Him Christmas* | * Released: October 25, 2011 * Label: Merge | 12 | 1 | 3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| *Volume Three* | * Released: May 7, 2013 * Label: Merge | 15 | 1 | 3 |  | 67 |  | 94 | 37 | 63 |
| *Classics* | * Released: December 2, 2014 * Label: Merge | 41 | 1 | 7 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| "—" denotes releases that did not chart, or was not released in that country. | | | | | | | | | | |

### Monsters of Folk

### Tired Pony

### Compilation tracks

### Other appearances

1. "M. Ward – Billboard 200". *Billboard*.
2. "M Ward Chart History: Independent Albums". *Billboard*. Retrieved June 6, 2024.
3. Peaks on the ARIA Hitseekers chart:
4. "M. Ward". *Ultratop*.
5. "M. Ward". *Ultratop*. Retrieved June 6, 2024.
6. "M Ward songs and albums full Official Chart history". *Official Charts*. June 6, 2023.
7. "M. Ward". *spanishcharts.com/*.
8. "M. Ward". *swedishcharts.com/*.
9. "CHART LOG UK".
10. "M Ward Chart History: Heatseekers Albums". *Billboard*. Retrieved June 6, 2024.
11. "Upcoming Releases". *Hits Daily Double*. HITS Digital Ventures. Archived from the original on January 30, 2016.
12. "M Ward Chart History: Top Current Albums". *Billboard*. Retrieved June 6, 2024.
13. "M. Ward – "Supernatural Thing"". Stereogum. April 27, 2023. Retrieved June 6, 2024.
14. "M Ward Chart History: Adult Alternative Airplay". *Billboard*. Retrieved June 6, 2024.
15. "M Ward Chart History: Mexico Ingles Airplay". *Billboard*. Retrieved June 6, 2024.
16. "M. Ward - "To Go Home EP" (Merge Records)". The Harvard Crimson. Retrieved June 6, 2024.
17. "New M. Ward Video – "Hold Time"". Stereogum. January 6, 2009. Retrieved June 6, 2024.
18. "New M. Ward (Feat. Zooey Deschanel) – "Never Had Nobody Like You"". Stereogum. January 15, 2009. Retrieved April 15, 2024.
19. "New M. Ward Video – "Rave On"". Stereogum. January 6, 2009. Retrieved April 15, 2024.
20. "M. Ward – "The First Time I Ran Away" Video". Stereogum. February 1, 2012. Retrieved June 6, 2024.
21. "M. Ward releases "Primitive Girl" from A Wasteland Companion". Merge Records. Retrieved June 6, 2024.
22. "M. Ward – "Me And My Shadow" Video". Stereogum. October 11, 2012. Retrieved June 6, 2024.
23. "M. Ward – "Here Comes The Sun Again (Four-Track Demo)"". Stereogum. October 29, 2014. Retrieved June 6, 2024.
24. "M. Ward – "Girl From Conejo Valley"". Stereogum. December 1, 2015. Retrieved June 6, 2024.
25. "M. Ward – "Confession"". Stereogum. January 16, 2016. Retrieved June 6, 2024.
26. "Music Record › M. Ward: Temptation". Colnect. Retrieved June 6, 2024.
27. "M. Ward – "Slow Driving Man" Video (Feat. Conor Oberst)". Stereogum. June 15, 2016. Retrieved June 6, 2024.
28. "M. Ward – "Migration Of Souls"". Stereogum. December 3, 2019. Retrieved June 6, 2024.
29. "M. Ward – "Unreal City"". Stereogum. January 22, 2020. Retrieved June 6, 2024.
30. "M. Ward – "Birthday" (The Sugarcubes Cover)". Stereogum. November 1, 2021. Retrieved June 6, 2024.
31. "Triple A Future Releases". All Access Music Group. Retrieved March 18, 2023.
32. "M. Ward – "new kerrang"". Stereogum. May 23, 2023. Retrieved June 6, 2024.
33. "M. Ward – "Too Young To Die" (Feat. First Aid Kit)". Stereogum. June 20, 2023. Retrieved June 6, 2024.
34. "She & Him – Billboard 200". *Billboard*.
35. "She & Him – Folk Albums". *Billboard*.
36. "She & Him – Top Rock Albums". *Billboard*.
37. "M. Ward". *australiancharts.com*.
38. "M. Ward". *Ultratop*.
39. "M. Ward". *spanishcharts.com*.
40. "M. Ward". *spanishcharts.com*.
41. "M. Ward". *swedishcharts.com*.
42. "She & Him". The Official Charts Company.
43. Billboard.com, Monsters of Folk chart history


title: Lytta mirifica

abstract: Lytta mirifica, the Anthony blister beetle, is a species of blister beetle in the family Meloidae. It is found in North America.

text:
# Lytta mirifica

***Lytta mirifica***, the **Anthony blister beetle**, is a species of blister beetle in the family Meloidae. It is found in North America.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| *Lytta mirifica* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Meloidae |
| Genus: | *Lytta* |
| Species: | ***L. mirifica*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Lytta mirifica***<br>Werner, 1950 | |
|


title: Peacetour

abstract: Peacetour is a live concert video by the British pop/rock duo Eurythmics released on 20 June 2000 on VHS and DVD. It is a recording of the band's concert at London Docklands Arena on 6 December 1999, which was the final show of their 24-date world "Peace Tour". All profits from the tour were donated to Amnesty International and Greenpeace. The live concert features a selection of hits from Eurythmics' successful 1980s period, and several newer tracks from the band's comeback album Peace (1999). The 1985 album track "I Love You Like a Ball and Chain" is also performed, as well as two 1992 hits from Annie Lennox's solo career, "Why" and "Walking on Broken Glass". The DVD version also includes several special features, such as multi-angle viewing for selected tracks, an interactive discography, a picture gallery, lyrics screens, and a 60-minute documentary ("Peacetalk") featuring interviews with bandmembers Annie Lennox and Dave Stewart and several studio-based performances of songs.

text:
# Peacetour

***Peacetour*** is a live concert video by the British pop/rock duo Eurythmics released on 20 June 2000 on VHS and DVD. It is a recording of the band's concert at London Docklands Arena on 6 December 1999, which was the final show of their 24-date world "Peace Tour". All profits from the tour were donated to Amnesty International and Greenpeace.

The live concert features a selection of hits from Eurythmics' successful 1980s period, and several newer tracks from the band's comeback album *Peace* (1999). The 1985 album track "I Love You Like a Ball and Chain" is also performed, as well as two 1992 hits from Annie Lennox's solo career, "Why" and "Walking on Broken Glass".

The DVD version also includes several special features, such as multi-angle viewing for selected tracks (where the viewer can select different camera angles using the remote control), an interactive discography, a picture gallery, lyrics screens, and a 60-minute documentary ("Peacetalk") featuring interviews with bandmembers Annie Lennox and Dave Stewart and several studio-based performances of songs.

## Track listing

1. "I Want It All"
2. "Missionary Man"
3. "Thorn in My Side"
4. "When Tomorrow Comes"
5. "It's Alright (Baby's Coming Back)"
6. "I Saved the World Today"
7. "Who's That Girl?"
8. "I Love You Like a Ball and Chain"
9. "Would I Lie To You?"
10. "Sisters Are Doin' It for Themselves"
11. "17 Again"
12. "You Have Placed a Chill in My Heart"
13. "Love Is a Stranger"
14. "I Need a Man"
15. "Walking on Broken Glass"
16. "There Must Be an Angel (Playing with My Heart)"
17. "Here Comes the Rain Again"
18. "Why"
19. "The Miracle of Love"
20. "Peace Is Just a Word"
21. "Sweet Dreams (Are Made of This)"

## Personnel

* Annie Lennox (vocals)
* Dave Stewart (guitar)
* Steve Lewinson (bass/musical director)
* Pete Lewinson (drums)
* Joel Campbell (keyboards)
* Sam Flynn (keyboards)
* Beverley Skeete (backing vocals)
* Claudia Fontaine (backing vocals)
* Faye Simpson (backing vocals)
* Chris Davis (saxophone)

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Australia (ARIA) | Gold | 7,500^ |
| ^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## InfoBox

| Peacetour | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Video by Eurythmics | |
| Released | 20 June 2000 |
| Recorded | 6 December 1999 |
| Venue | London Docklands Arena
London, England |
| Genre | Concert Performance Video |
| Length | 96 mins |
| Label | RCA (BMG) |
| Director | David Barnard |
| Producer | Mark Harry, Geoff Foulkes |
| Eurythmics chronology | |
| *Greatest Hits*
(1991) ***Peacetour***
(2000) *Ultimate Collection*
(2005) | |


title: Weston Hills, Baldock

abstract: Weston Hills is a 17 hectare Local Nature Reserve in Baldock in North Hertfordshire. It is owned by Hertfordshire County Council and North Hertfordshire District Council (NHDC) and managed by NHDC. The site has grassland, woodland and mixed scrub. Six hectares is chalk grassland, and this is its most important ecological feature and one of the best examples in Hertfordshire; plants are very diverse because the harsh conditions do not allow vigorous species to become dominant. Plants include autumn gentian, clustered bellflower, harebell and six species of orchid. There are slowworms, common lizards and many species of butterfly. Some chalk quarries date back to the Roman period, and there are also ancient earthworks. There is access from Chiltern Road, Ivel Way and Limekiln Lane, and from the Icknield Way Path.

text:
# Weston Hills, Baldock

**Weston Hills** is a 17 hectare Local Nature Reserve in Baldock in North Hertfordshire. It is owned by Hertfordshire County Council and North Hertfordshire District Council (NHDC) and managed by NHDC.

The site has grassland, woodland and mixed scrub. Six hectares is chalk grassland, and this is its most important ecological feature and one of the best examples in Hertfordshire; plants are very diverse because the harsh conditions do not allow vigorous species to become dominant. Plants include autumn gentian, clustered bellflower, harebell and six species of orchid. There are slowworms, common lizards and many species of butterfly. Some chalk quarries date back to the Roman period, and there are also ancient earthworks.

There is access from Chiltern Road, Ivel Way and Limekiln Lane, and from the Icknield Way Path.

51°48′15″N 0°10′55″W / 51.8042°N 0.18189°W / 51.8042; -0.18189


title: Maria Landini

abstract: Maria Landini was an Italian soprano who began her career as a singer at the court of Queen Christina in Rome but was primarily active at the imperial court in Vienna from 1711 until her death. She created numerous soprano roles in operas and oratorios by Fux, Caldara, and her second husband, Francesco Bartolomeo Conti and was reputedly the highest paid musician in Vienna at the time.

text:
# Maria Landini

**Maria Landini** (c. 1668 – 22 June 1722) was an Italian soprano who began her career as a singer at the court of Queen Christina in Rome but was primarily active at the imperial court in Vienna from 1711 until her death. She created numerous soprano roles in operas and oratorios by Fux, Caldara, and her second husband, Francesco Bartolomeo Conti and was reputedly the highest paid musician in Vienna at the time.

## Life and career

Landini's mother, Francesca Portui, was the maid of Queen Christina of Sweden and married to Francesco Landini, the captain of Christina's guards. However, Francesco Landini was not her real father. Maria was born from a relationship between her mother and the marquise Orazio Del Monte, Christina's chamberlain. According to 17th-century sources, she was born in Hamburg where Christina's court periodically sojourned, although the date of her birth has variously been given as 1667, 1668, and 1670. Maria spent her entire childhood and youth at the court of Queen Christina where she was trained as a singer and was known by the diminutive "Mariuccia". By the late 1680s there are records of her regularly performing in private musical evenings at Queen Christina's court in Rome. She often sang together with another favourite singer of the queen, Angela Voglia (known as "La Giorgina").

After Queen Christina's death in 1689, Landini entered the service of Sophia Charlotte of Hanover in Germany. She married an actor named "Chateauneuf" in Hannover in 1695 and sometimes appeared under the name "Landini di Chateauneuf" or its Italian version "Castelnovo". According to Francesco Conti's biographer Hermine Williams, Castelnovo was from an aristocratic family and his full name was Mallo di Castelnuovo. Their marriage would produce three children: Ferdinando, Francesca, and Caterina. Landini was active in the opera houses of Italy from 1698 when she was in the service of the Duke of Mantua. Her earliest appearance in Mantua was in 1698 in Giovanni Bononcini's *Camilla*. She also appeared in Venice, Genoa, Casale Monferrato, Livorno, Modena, and Bologna before moving to Vienna in 1710 where she became the *prima donna* of Emperior Charles VI's court theatre. In 1714, following the death of her first husband, Landini married Francesco Bartolomeo Conti in Vienna's Schottenkirche. In her will, written in the year prior to her death, she asked, if she should die in Vienna, to be buried in the Schottenkirche next to her first husband. But she eventually was not buried there, because she died outside of Vienna.

In 1725 Conti married Anna Maria Lorenzani who had succeeded Landini as the *prima donna* at the imperial court.

## Roles created

Roles created by Maria Landini include:

* Clori in Johann Joseph Fux's *La decima fatica di Ercole*, Habsburg court theatre, Vienna, 1710
* Merope in Francesco Gasparini's *Merope*, Teatro San Cassiano, Venice, 26 December 1711
* Dafne in Johann Joseph Fux's *Dafne in lauro*, Habsburg court theatre, Vienna, 1714
* Euridice in Johann Joseph Fux's *Orfeo ed Euridice*, Habsburg court theatre, Vienna, 1715
* Angelica in Johann Joseph Fux's *Angelica, vincitrice di Alcina*, Habsburg court theatre, Vienna, 1716
* Ifigenia in Johann Joseph Fux's *Diana plaeata*, Habsburg court theatre, Vienna, 1717
* Lucinda in Francesco Bartolomeo Conti's *Don Chisciotte in Sierra Morena*, Habsburg court theatre, Vienna, 6 February 1719

1. *Oesterreichisches Musiklexikon* (2016). "Landini-Contini (Landini-Conti, La Conti, La Contini, La Landina, di Chateauneuf, detta Landini, di Castelnuovo), Maria". Retrieved 18 July 2016 (in German).
2. Sadie, Julie Anne (1998). *Companion to Baroque Music*, p. 250. University of California Press. ISBN 0520214145
3. Zilli, Anna (2014) "Christina of Sweden queen of music in Rome and the women singers at her service". *Il Ganassi, Bollettino della Fondazione Italiana per la Musica Antica*. Anno 17, Numero 14, pp. 2–3. Retrieved 19 July 2016.
4. Timms, Colin (2003). *Polymath of the Baroque: Agostino Steffani and His Music*, p. 61. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195154738
5. Williams, Hermine Weigel (1999). *Francesco Bartolomeo Conti: His Life and Music*, pp. 43; 50; 58; 66. Ashgate. ISBN 1859283888
6. Köchel, Ludwig (1872). *Johann Josef Fux, Hofcompositor und Hofkapellmeister der Kaiser Leopold I., Josef I. und Karl VI. von 1698 bis 1740* (Beilage X. Thematisches Verzeichniss der Compositionen von J. J. Fux pp. 131–137). A. Hölder (in German)
7. Casaglia, Gherardo (2005)."*Merope*, 26 December 1711". L'Almanacco di Gherardo Casaglia (in Italian).
8. Fallows, David (October 1987). "Buxton". *The Musical Times*, Vol. 128, No. 1736, p. 580. Retrieved 17 July 2016 (subscription required).


title: Levon Harutyunyan

abstract: Levon Vrami Harutyunyan was an Armenian biologist, University Professor, journalist, publicist, writer and science populariser, founder of Yerevan Haybusak University. Established in 1990, the Haybusak University became one of the first private universities in Armenia. He received numerous decorations for his work including Anania Shirakatsi medal from the President of Armenia.

text:
# Levon Harutyunyan

**Levon Vrami Harutyunyan** (Armenian: Լևոն Վռամի Հարությունյան; 13 December 1927 – 2007) was an Armenian biologist, University Professor, journalist, publicist, writer and science populariser, founder of Yerevan Haybusak University. Established in 1990, the Haybusak University became one of the first private universities in Armenia. He received numerous decorations for his work including Anania Shirakatsi medal from the President of Armenia.

## Life and career

Levon Vrami Harutyunyan was born 13 December 1927 in the village of Tovuz in the Tavush Province of Soviet Armenia.

Harutyunyan studied and graduated from the Armenian Agricultural Institute (now known as Armenian National Agrarian University) in 1953. From 1956 to 1978, Harutyunyan worked at the National Academy of Sciences under its botany department. Meanwhile, in 1971, he became a member of the Union of Journalists of Armenia. In 1990, he founded the Yerevan "Haybusak" Institute (now Yerevan "2Haybusak" University) upon which he became leading rector. Thereafter, in 1994, he became the president of the scientific-educational association "Harutyun". In 1995, Harutyunyan became the head chairman of Biology and Biology Teaching Methods at the Yerevan State Pedagogical University. In 2006, he was nominated as the President of International Academy of Education. He was the head of the department of science within the academy.

> "I've done what I could. Let others do even more so."

—Levon Harutyunyan

Harutyunyan authored more than 400 research papers, about 400 essays, non-scientific journal articles, over 50 monographs, handbooks, method manuals and dictionaries. His notable publications (via Haybusak University Press) include *Phytotherapy*, *Entertaining Botany*, *A Journey to the Hiding Places of Nature*, *The Nature of Armenia and Ways of its Preservation and Enrichment*, and *The Gardener's Encyclopaedia*. He was involved with the landscaping of Yerevan and has authored several books on landscape preservation.

## Family

Harutyunyan and his wife Silva Aslikian had two daughters (Anahit and Anna) and one son (Suren).

## Awards and titles

Among some of Harutyunyan's awards and titles include:

* 2007 – Member of International Informatization Academy (www.iia.ca)
* 2003 – Anania Shirakatsi Gold Medal awarded by the President of RA
* 2002 – Member of International Pedagogical Academy
* 1983 – Award by State TV and Radio Emissions Committee. Award by the Republican Nature Preservation Council
* 1983 – Title of Professor
* 1971 – Member of the Union of Journalists of Armenia
* 1970 – Doctor of Biology thesis defense
* 1961 – PhD thesis defense

## Publications

Some of his publications include:

* "Hayastani Dendrofloran". Yerevan. 1985. Luis hratarakchutyun (in Armenian)
* "Partizagortsi hanragitaran". Nahapet hrat. Haybusak hratarak. Yerevan 2005 (in Armenian)
* "Arcaxi Floran". Yerevan, 2007, Nahapet hrat (in Armenian)

## InfoBox

| Levon Harutyunyan | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | Levon Vrami Harutyunyan
13 December 1927
Tovuz, Soviet Armenia |
| Died | 2007 (aged 7980)
Yerevan, Armenia |
| Occupation(s) | Biologist, professor, writer, journalist |


title: Wen Yong Yang

abstract: Wen Yong Yang is an assistant men's track & field coach at Rice University in Houston, Texas. Coach Yang is one of the world's foremost competitors in the jumping events. Yang began his career in the Chinese national sports system, serving as national coach from 1982 to 1986, during the inaugural 1983 World Championships in Athletics and the 1984 Summer Olympics. His star pupil, Zhu Jianhua, set three consecutive world records in the high jump from 1983 to 1984, and won the bronze medal at the Los Angeles games. Since immigrating to the United States in 1986, Yang has become one of the nation's top collegiate coaches, guiding his pupils to three NCAA championships, 29 NCAA All-American awards, and 25 conference titles. Yang's athletes hold every school record in the jumps, including Kareem Streete-Thompson's outdoor long jump mark of 8.63 metres, which ranks him #8 all-time in the event.

text:
# Wen Yong Yang

**Wen Yong Yang** is an assistant men's track & field coach at Rice University in Houston, Texas. Coach Yang is one of the world's foremost competitors in the jumping events (high jump, long jump, and triple jump).

Yang began his career in the Chinese national sports system, serving as national coach from 1982 to 1986, during the inaugural 1983 World Championships in Athletics and the 1984 Summer Olympics. His star pupil, Zhu Jianhua, set three consecutive world records in the high jump from 1983 to 1984, and won the bronze medal at the Los Angeles games.

Since immigrating to the United States in 1986, Yang has become one of the nation's top collegiate coaches, guiding his pupils to three NCAA championships, 29 NCAA All-American awards, and 25 conference titles. Yang's athletes hold every school record in the jumps, including Kareem Streete-Thompson's outdoor long jump mark of 8.63 metres, which ranks him #8 all-time in the event.


title: Tom McFarlane

abstract: Thomas McFarlane was a Scottish footballer who played at full-back for Hibernian, Burslem Port Vale and Middlesbrough in the 1890s and 1900s.

text:
# Tom McFarlane

**Thomas McFarlane** (born 1872) was a Scottish footballer who played at full-back for Hibernian, Burslem Port Vale and Middlesbrough in the 1890s and 1900s.

## Career

McFarlane joined Burslem Port Vale in November 1898 and made his debut at the Athletic Ground in a 2–0 defeat by Leicester Fosse on 12 November. He became a regular in the side and made 22 Second Division and five cup appearances in the 1898–99 season. He played 31 league and 10 cup games in the 1899–1900 campaign, before he departed for league rivals Middlesbrough in the summer.

## Career statistics

Source:

| Club | Season | Division | League | | FA Cup<br>Scottish Cup | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Hibernian | 1893–94 | Scottish Division One | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 0 |
| | 1894–95 | Scottish Division One | 14 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 17 | 0 |
| | 1895–96 | Scottish Division One | 18 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 23 | 0 |
| | 1896–97 | Scottish Division One | 18 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 20 | 0 |
| | 1897–98 | Scottish Division One | 18 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 22 | 0 |
| | 1898–99 | Scottish Division One | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 |
| | Total | | 83 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 97 | 0 |
| Burslem Port Vale | 1898–99 | Second Division | 22 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 23 | 0 |
| | 1899–1900 | Second Division | 31 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 35 | 0 |
| | Total | | 53 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 58 | 0 |
| Total | | | 136 | 0 | 19 | 0 | 155 | 0 |

## InfoBox

Tom McFarlane
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Thomas McFarlane | | |
| Date of birth | 1872 | | |
| Place of birth | Davidson's Mains, Scotland | | |
| Position(s) | Full-back | | |
| Youth career | | | |
|  | Muirhouse Rovers | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1893–1898 | Hibernian | 83 | (0) |
| 1898–1900 | Burslem Port Vale | 53 | (0) |
|  | Middlesbrough |  |  |
| International career | | | |
| 1897 | Scottish League XI | 1 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: R355 (South Africa)

abstract: The R355 is a Regional Route in South Africa that connects the R46 near Ceres with Kleinsee via Calvinia and Springbok.

text:
# R355 (South Africa)

The **R355** is a Regional Route in South Africa that connects the R46 near Ceres with Kleinsee via Calvinia and Springbok.

## Route

The route starts in the town of Kleinsee, Northern Cape, heading eastwards. It reaches Springbok, where it meets the N7 and N14 before heading south-east. After 140 kilometres it reaches the R358. The routes are co-signed for a few kilometres heading south. They enter the Western Cape, passing through Kliprand. The R355 then emerges and heads east-south-east, returning to the Northern Cape, to meet the R357. The two routes become co-signed heading east, and enter Loeriesfontein together. From Loeriesfontein, the R355 diverges heading south, before veering east to reach Calvinia. At Calvinia, the route meets the R27 and the two routes become co-signed heading west. West of the town, the R355 diverges and heads south. It passes through the Bloukrans Pass and the Tankwa Karoo National Park to enter the Western Cape for the second time. The route continues south and meets the south-west origin of the R356 shortly before ending itself at the R46 between Ceres and Touws River.

## InfoBox

| Regional route R355 | |
| --- | --- |
| Route information | |
| Length | 649 km (403 mi) |
| Major junctions | |
| North end | Kleinsee |
| Major intersections | N7 / N14 in Springbok
R358 near Kliprand
R357 in Loeriesfontein
R27 in Calvinia
R356 near Ceres |
| South end | R46 near Ceres |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | South Africa |
|  | |
| Highway system | |
|  | |
| R354   R356 | |


title: Quantegy

abstract:
Quantegy Inc. was a manufacturer of magnetic tape and professional external hard drives based in Opelika, Alabama. Their tape products were primarily used in analog audio and video recording studios, but they also have some use with digital data storage devices and instrumentation recorders along with some audiophile home hobbyists. The company was created at the end of World War II by Major John Herbert Orr as Orradio Industries. This was a result of the US Army requiring an American supplier of magnetic tape. Magnetic tape was a German invention and after the war, the German manufacturing ability was destroyed.
  - In 1959, Ampex acquired Orradio Industries and it became the Ampex Magnetic Tape Division.
  - In 1995, Ampex divested this division, then called the Ampex Recording Media Corporation. At the same time, 3M was also spinning off its magnetic media division. Equitable Life Insurance acquired these combined entities, which became Quantegy Inc., and later changed its name to the current Quantegy Recording Solutions, with the Ampex product line being the nominal survivor, although much use of the 3M technologies later found their way into Quantegy products including the high end GP9 tape.
  - In January 2005, having previously filed for bankruptcy protection, Quantegy closed its manufacturing facility in Opelika. This event received substantial media attention.
  - On April 18, 2005, Quantegy resumed operations under new ownership.
  - In January 2007, Quantegy announced that it will cease production of magnetic tape in April 2007 and is taking orders up until February 22. The only remaining manufacturers of new magnetic tape for sound recording were RMGI and ATR Magnetics.
  - In April 2007, Reel Deal Pro Audio purchased the majority of Quantegy's reel-to-reel audio tape and accessories and began to sell it on their web site.
  - In June 2007, Quantegy ceased sales of the FHD and Black Diamond FHD3 series of hard drive products to the professional audio recording industry.
  - Most of the tape production facilities, located in Opelika, Alabama, were sold in 2008.
  - In 2009, Quantegy began working on reviving Quantegy 456 Studio Mastering Tape, Quantegy 499 Gold Studio Mastering Tape, GP9 Platinum Studio Mastering Tape, as well as the Black Diamond Series of products. But as of 2012, no progress had been made.

text:
# Quantegy

**Quantegy Inc.** was a manufacturer of magnetic tape and professional external hard drives based in Opelika, Alabama. Their tape products were primarily used in analog audio and video recording studios, but they also have some use with digital data storage devices and instrumentation recorders along with some audiophile home hobbyists.

The company was created at the end of World War II by Major John Herbert Orr as **Orradio Industries**. This was a result of the US Army requiring an American supplier of magnetic tape. Magnetic tape was a German invention and after the war, the German manufacturing ability was destroyed.

* In 1959, Ampex acquired Orradio Industries and it became the Ampex Magnetic Tape Division.
* In 1995, Ampex divested this division, then called the Ampex Recording Media Corporation. At the same time, 3M was also spinning off its magnetic media division. Equitable Life Insurance acquired these combined entities, which became Quantegy Inc., and later changed its name to the current Quantegy Recording Solutions, with the Ampex product line being the nominal survivor, although much use of the 3M technologies later found their way into Quantegy products including the high end GP9 tape.
* In January 2005, having previously filed for bankruptcy protection, Quantegy closed its manufacturing facility in Opelika. This event received substantial media attention.
* On April 18, 2005, Quantegy resumed operations under new ownership.
* In January 2007, Quantegy announced that it will cease production of magnetic tape in April 2007 and is taking orders up until February 22. The only remaining manufacturers of new magnetic tape for sound recording were RMGI and ATR Magnetics.
* In April 2007, Reel Deal Pro Audio purchased the majority of Quantegy's reel-to-reel audio tape and accessories and began to sell it on their web site.
* In June 2007, Quantegy ceased sales of the FHD and Black Diamond FHD3 series of hard drive products to the professional audio recording industry.
* Most of the tape production facilities, located in Opelika, Alabama, were sold in 2008.
* In 2009, Quantegy began working on reviving Quantegy 456 Studio Mastering Tape, Quantegy 499 Gold Studio Mastering Tape, GP9 Platinum Studio Mastering Tape, as well as the Black Diamond Series of products. But as of 2012, no progress had been made.


title: Tuvako Manongi

abstract: Tuvako Nathaniel Manongi is a Tanzanian diplomat who has served as the Permanent Representative of Tanzania to the United Nations since 19 September 2012.

text:
# Tuvako Manongi

**Tuvako Nathaniel Manongi** is a Tanzanian diplomat who has served as the Permanent Representative of Tanzania to the United Nations since 19 September 2012.

Before joining the Permanent Mission of the United Republic of Tanzania in New York as Permanent Representative Ambassador Manongi served as principal officer at the United Nations in the Executive Office of Secretary General (EOSG) Ban Ki-moon under the Deputy Secretary General from 2007 - 2012.

## InfoBox

| Tuvako Manongi | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| 14th Permanent Representative of Tanzania to the United Nations | |
| **In office**
19 September 2012  March 2017 | |
| Appointed by | Jakaya Kikwete |
| Preceded by | Ombeni Sefue |
| Succeeded by | Modest Mero |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Same District |
| Nationality | Tanzanian |
| Children | 4 |
| Alma mater | University of Dar es Salaam
Centre for Foreign Relations |
|  | |


title: Paulo Scott

abstract: Paulo Scott is a Brazilian author, poet, playwright, screenwriter and translator. Born in Porto Alegre, he studied law at Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS-RG); he worked as a lawyer and Law professor for a decade, before becoming a writer. He has received numerous awards including the Prêmio Fundação Biblioteca Nacional, and been shortlisted for renowned prizes like the Prêmio Jabuti and the Prêmio São Paulo de Literatura. His short story collection Ainda Orangotangos was adapted into a movie and won the Milano Film Festival in 2008. In 2014, his novel Nowhere People was published in English by And Other Stories. It was featured on World Literature Today’s list of ‘Notable Translations in 2014’. His following book, Phenotypes, was longlisted to the 2022 International Booker Prize. He currently lives in Rio de Janeiro.

text:
# Paulo Scott

**Paulo Scott** (born 8 December 1966) is a Brazilian author, poet, playwright, screenwriter and translator.

Born in Porto Alegre, he studied law at Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS-RG); he worked as a lawyer and Law professor for a decade, before becoming a writer. He has received numerous awards including the *Prêmio Fundação Biblioteca Nacional,* and been shortlisted for renowned prizes like the *Prêmio Jabuti* and the *Prêmio São Paulo de Literatura*. His short story collection *Ainda Orangotangos (Still Orangutans*) was adapted into a movie and won the Milano Film Festival in 2008.

In 2014, his novel *Nowhere People* was published in English (trans. Daniel Hahn) by And Other Stories. It was featured on *World Literature Today*’s list of ‘Notable Translations in 2014’. His following book, *Phenotypes*, was longlisted to the 2022 International Booker Prize.

He currently lives in Rio de Janeiro.

## Works

### Novels

* 2005: *Voláteis;* Ed. Objetiva
* 2011: *Habitante Irreal; Companhia das Letras*
    + English translation: *Nowhere People;* trans. Daniel Hahn; And Other Stories, 2014.
* 2013: *Ithaca Road;* Companhia das Letras
* 2015: O *Ano em que vivi de literatura;* Editora Foz.
* 2019: *Marrom e Amarelo;* Companhia das Letras
    + English translation: *Phenotypes*; trans. Daniel Hahn; And Other Stories, 2022.

* 2021 Meu Mundo versus Marta (graphic novel; illustrated by Rafael Sica), Companhia das Letras

### Poetry

* 2001*: Histórias curtas para domesticar as paixões dos anjos e atenuar os sofrimentos dos monstros*, (under the pseudonym Elrodris), Editora Sulina
* 2006: *Senhor escuridão*, Editora Bertrand Brasil - Grupo Editorial Record
* 2006: *A timidez do monstro*, Editora Objetiva, 2006;
* 2011 *O Monstro e o Minotauro*, Editora Dulcinéia Catadora, 2011 (self-published, illustrated by Laerte Coutinho)
* 2014 *Mesmo sem dinheiro comprei um esqueite novo*, Editora Companhia das Letras
* 2019 *Garopaba Monstro Tubarão*, Editora Selo Demônio Negro

* 2020 *Se o mundo é redondo e outros poemas,* Editora Gato Bravo

### Stage play

* 2006- *Crucial dois um*

### Short stories

* 2003: *Ainda Orangotangos*; Livros do Mal; revised edition: 2006, Ed. Bertrand Brasil.

1. ""Literatura é uma lente poderosa para enfrentar o racismo" – DW – 21/03/2022". *dw.com* (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2023-11-11.
2. Day, Michael (2008-09-23). "'Orangutans' nabs Milan prize". *Variety*. Retrieved 2023-11-11.
3. "75 Notable Translations of 2014". *World Literature Today*. 2014-12-23. Retrieved 2019-05-09.
4. Popescu, Lucy (2022-01-02). "Phenotypes by Paulo Scott review – artfully plotted tale of race, privilege and guilt". *The Observer*. ISSN 0029-7712. Retrieved 2023-11-11.
5. "The 2022 International Booker Prize | The Booker Prizes". *thebookerprizes.com*. Retrieved 2022-04-22.

## InfoBox

| Paulo Scott | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Paulo Scott
(1966-12-08) December 8, 1966
Porto Alegre, Brazil |
| Occupation(s) | Author, playwright, screenwriter, translator |


title: Weston Hills, Lincolnshire

abstract: Weston Hills is a hamlet in the civil parish of Weston in the South Holland district of Lincolnshire, England. Weston Hills, a linear village on a north–south axis, is situated approximately 2 miles (3 km) east from the town of Spalding. Its highest point is 10 feet (3.0 m) above sea level. On 2 October 1942, an American Boeing B-17F bomber crashed at Weston Hills. A McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle fighter jet crashed in a field next to Weston Hills on 8 October 2014. The pilot ejected and survived the crash; no injuries were reported. The local school is Weston Hills C of E Primary School.

text:
# Weston Hills, Lincolnshire

**Weston Hills** is a hamlet in the civil parish of Weston in the South Holland district of Lincolnshire, England.

Weston Hills, a linear village on a north–south axis, is situated approximately 2 miles (3 km) east from the town of Spalding. Its highest point is 10 feet (3.0 m) above sea level.

On 2 October 1942, an American Boeing B-17F bomber crashed at Weston Hills.

A McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle fighter jet crashed in a field next to Weston Hills on 8 October 2014. The pilot ejected and survived the crash; no injuries were reported.

The local school is Weston Hills C of E Primary School.

## InfoBox

| Weston Hills | |
| --- | --- |
| Pub in Weston Hills | |
| Weston HillsLocation within Lincolnshire | |
| Population | (2001) |
| OS grid reference | TF283213 |
| London | 85 mi (137 km) |
| Civil parish |  |
| District |  |
| Shire county |  |
| Region |  |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | SPALDING |
| Postcode district | PE12 |
|  | |
| Police | Lincolnshire |
| Fire | Lincolnshire |
| Ambulance | East Midlands |
|  | |
| UK Parliament |  |
|


title: Urey Medal

abstract: The Urey Medal is given annually by the European Association of Geochemistry for outstanding contributions advancing Geochemistry over a career. The award is named after the physical chemist Harold Urey, FRS.

text:
# Urey Medal

The **Urey Medal** is given annually by the European Association of Geochemistry for outstanding contributions advancing Geochemistry over a career. The award is named after the physical chemist Harold Urey, FRS.

## Urey Medalists

| Year | Name | Institution |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1990 | Wallace S. Broecker and Hans Oeschger | Columbia University, USA, and University of Bern, Switzerland |
| 1995 | Samuel Epstein, Robert N. Clayton, and Hugh P. Taylor, Jr. | California Institute of Technology (Epstein and Taylor) and University of Chicago (Clayton), USA |
| 1997 | Geoffrey Eglinton and John Hayes | University of Bristol, UK and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, USA |
| 1998 | Jean-Guy Schilling | University of Rhode Island, USA |
| 1999 | John M. Edmond | Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA |
| 2000 | Donald J. DePaolo | University of California, Berkeley, USA |
| 2001 | Keith O'Nions | University of Oxford, UK |
| 2002 | Grenville Turner | University of Manchester, UK |
| 2003 | Nicholas Shackleton | University of Cambridge, UK |
| 2004 | Harold C. Helgeson | University of California, Berkeley, USA |
| 2005 | Alexandra Navrotsky | University of California, Davis, USA |
| 2006 | Herbert Palme | University of Cologne, Germany |
| 2007 | Harry Elderfield | Cambridge University, UK |
| 2008 | Pascal Richet | IPGP, France |
| 2009 | François Morel | Princeton University, USA |
| 2010 | Charles Langmuir | Harvard University, USA |
| 2011 | Donald E. Canfield | University of Southern Denmark, Denmark |
| 2012 | Alexander Halliday | University of Oxford, UK |
| 2013 | Igor Tolstikhin | Russian Academy of Sciences |
| 2014 | Edward Boyle | Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA |
| 2015 | Albrecht W. Hofmann | Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Germany |
| 2016 | Klaus Mezger | University of Bern, Switzerland |
| 2017 | Eiji Ohtani | Tohoku University, Japan |
| 2018 | Susan L. Brantley | Pennsylvania State University, USA |
| 2019 | Eric Oelkers | GET Laboratory, CNRS, France |
| 2020 | Jillian Banfield | University of California, Berkeley, USA |
| 2021 | Sachiko Amari | Washington University in St. Louis, USA |