# United States women's Olympic water polo team records and statistics

This article lists various water polo records and statistics in relation to the United States women's national water polo team at the Summer Olympics.

The United States women's national water polo team has participated in 6 of 6 official women's water polo tournaments.

## Abbreviations

| Apps | Appearances | Rk | Rank | Ref | Reference | Cap No. | Water polo cap number |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Pos | Playing position | FP | Field player | GK | Goalkeeper | ISHOF | International Swimming Hall of Fame |
| L/R | Handedness | L | Left-handed | R | Right-handed | Oly debut | Olympic debut in water polo |
| (C) | Captain | p. | page | pp. | pages |  |  |

## Team statistics

### Comprehensive results by tournament

Note: Results of Olympic qualification tournaments are not included. Last updated: 11 August 2021.

Legend * 1st  – Champions
* 2nd  – Runners-up
* 3rd  – Third place
* 4th  – Fourth place
* Q  – Qualified for forthcoming tournament
* – Hosts

| Women's team | 2000 | 2004 | 2008 | 2012 | 2016 | 2020 | Years |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| United States | 2nd | 3rd | 2nd | 1st | 1st | 1st | **6** |
|  | | | | | | | |
| Total teams | 6 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 10 |  |

### Number of appearances

Last updated: 11 August 2021.

Legend * **Year*** – As host team

| Women's team | Apps | Record
streak | Active
streak | Debut | Most
recent | Best finish | Confederation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| United States | **6** | 6 | 6 | 2000 | 2020 | Champions | Americas – UANA |

### Best finishes

Last updated: 11 August 2021.

Legend * **Year*** – As host team

| Women's team | Best finish | Apps | Confederation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| United States | Champions (2012, 2016, 2020) | 6 | Americas – UANA |

### Finishes in the top four

Last updated: 11 August 2021.

Legend * **Year*** – As host team

| Women's team | Total | Champions | Runners-up | Third place | Fourth place | First | Last |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| United States | **6** | 3 (2012, 2016, 2020) | 2 (2000, 2008) | 1 (2004) |  | 2000 | 2020 |

### Medal table

Last updated: 11 August 2021.

| Women's team | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| United States (USA) | 3 | 2 | 1 | 6 |

## Player statistics

### Multiple appearances

The following table is pre-sorted by number of Olympic appearances (in descending order), year of the last Olympic appearance (in ascending order), year of the first Olympic appearance (in ascending order), date of birth (in ascending order), name of the player (in ascending order), respectively.

* Number of five-time Olympians: 0
* Number of four-time Olympians: 2
* Number of three-time Olympians: 1
* Last updated: 26 July 2021.

Legend * – Hosts

**Female athletes who competed in water polo at three or more Olympics**
| Apps | Player | Birth | Pos | Water polo tournaments | | | | | Age of
first/last | ISHOF
member | Note | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | | | | |
| **4** | Heather Petri | 1978 | FP | 2000 | 2004 | 2008 | 2012 |  | 22/34 |  |  |  |
| | Brenda Villa | 1980 | FP | 2000 | 2004 | 2008 | 2012 |  | 20/32 | 2018 |  |  |
| **3** | Kami Craig | 1987 | FP | 2008 | 2012 | 2016 |  |  | 21/29 |  |  |  |

### Multiple medalists

The following table is pre-sorted by total number of Olympic medals (in descending order), number of Olympic gold medals (in descending order), number of Olympic silver medals (in descending order), year of receiving the last Olympic medal (in ascending order), year of receiving the first Olympic medal (in ascending order), name of the player (in ascending order), respectively.

* Number of four-time Olympic medalists: 2
* Number of three-time Olympic medalists: 3
* Number of two-time Olympic medalists: 18
* Last updated: 10 August 2021.

Legend * – Hosts

**Female athletes who won two or more Olympic medals in water polo**
| Rk | Player | Birth | Height | Pos | Water polo tournaments | | | | | Period
(age of
first/last) | Medals | | | | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | | G | S | B | T | |
| **1** | Heather Petri | 1978 | 1.80 m
(5 ft 11 in) | FP | 2000 | 2004 | 2008 | 2012 |  | 12 years
(22/34) | 1 | 2 | 1 | **4** |  |
| | Brenda Villa | 1980 | 1.63 m
(5 ft 4 in) | FP | 2000 | 2004 | 2008 | 2012 |  | 12 years
(20/32) | 1 | 2 | 1 | **4** |  |
| **3** | Melissa Seidemann | 1990 | 1.83 m
(6 ft 0 in) | FP | 2012 | 2016 | 2020 |  |  | 9 years
(22/31) | 3 | 0 | 0 | **3** |  |
| | Maggie Steffens | 1993 | 1.73 m
(5 ft 8 in) | FP | 2012 | 2016 | 2020 |  |  | 9 years
(19/28) | 3 | 0 | 0 | **3** |  |
| **5** | Kami Craig | 1987 | 1.81 m
(5 ft 11 in) | FP | 2008 | 2012 | 2016 |  |  | 8 years
(21/29) | 2 | 1 | 0 | **3** |  |
| **6** | Courtney Mathewson | 1986 | 1.71 m
(5 ft 7 in) | FP | 2012 | 2016 |  |  |  | 4 years
(25/29) | 2 | 0 | 0 | **2** |  |
| | Rachel Fattal | 1993 | 1.73 m
(5 ft 8 in) | FP | 2016 | 2020 |  |  |  | 5 years
(22/27) | 2 | 0 | 0 | **2** |  |
| | Aria Fischer | 1999 | 1.83 m
(6 ft 0 in) | FP | 2016 | 2020 |  |  |  | 5 years
(17/22) | 2 | 0 | 0 | **2** |  |
| | Makenzie Fischer | 1997 | 1.85 m
(6 ft 1 in) | FP | 2016 | 2020 |  |  |  | 5 years
(19/24) | 2 | 0 | 0 | **2** |  |
| | Kaleigh Gilchrist | 1992 | 1.75 m
(5 ft 9 in) | FP | 2016 | 2020 |  |  |  | 5 years
(24/29) | 2 | 0 | 0 | **2** |  |
| | Ashleigh Johnson | 1994 | 1.85 m
(6 ft 1 in) | GK | 2016 | 2020 |  |  |  | 5 years
(21/26) | 2 | 0 | 0 | **2** |  |
| | Maddie Musselman | 1998 | 1.80 m
(5 ft 11 in) | FP | 2016 | 2020 |  |  |  | 5 years
(18/23) | 2 | 0 | 0 | **2** |  |
| **13** | Elizabeth Armstrong | 1983 | 1.88 m
(6 ft 2 in) | GK | 2008 | 2012 |  |  |  | 4 years
(25/29) | 1 | 1 | 0 | **2** |  |
| | Jessica Steffens | 1987 | 1.83 m
(6 ft 0 in) | FP | 2008 | 2012 |  |  |  | 4 years
(21/25) | 1 | 1 | 0 | **2** |  |
| | Lauren Wenger | 1984 | 1.91 m
(6 ft 3 in) | FP | 2008 | 2012 |  |  |  | 4 years
(24/28) | 1 | 1 | 0 | **2** |  |
| | Elsie Windes | 1985 | 1.78 m
(5 ft 10 in) | FP | 2008 | 2012 |  |  |  | 4 years
(23/27) | 1 | 1 | 0 | **2** |  |
| **17** | Kelly Rulon | 1984 | 1.78 m
(5 ft 10 in) | FP | 2004 |  | 2012 |  |  | 8 years
(20/27) | 1 | 0 | 1 | **2** |  |
| **18** | Robin Beauregard | 1979 | 1.75 m
(5 ft 9 in) | FP | 2000 | 2004 |  |  |  | 4 years
(21/25) | 0 | 1 | 1 | **2** |  |
| | Ellen Estes | 1978 | 1.82 m
(6 ft 0 in) | FP | 2000 | 2004 |  |  |  | 4 years
(21/25) | 0 | 1 | 1 | **2** |  |
| | Ericka Lorenz | 1981 | 1.80 m
(5 ft 11 in) | FP | 2000 | 2004 |  |  |  | 4 years
(19/23) | 0 | 1 | 1 | **2** |  |
| | Heather Moody | 1973 | 1.82 m
(6 ft 0 in) | FP | 2000 | 2004 |  |  |  | 4 years
(27/31) | 0 | 1 | 1 | **2** |  |
| | Nicolle Payne | 1976 | 1.75 m
(5 ft 9 in) | GK | 2000 | 2004 |  |  |  | 4 years
(24/28) | 0 | 1 | 1 | **2** |  |
| | Natalie Golda | 1981 | 1.80 m
(5 ft 11 in) | FP | 2004 | 2008 |  |  |  | 4 years
(22/26) | 0 | 1 | 1 | **2** |  |
| Rk | Player | Birth | Height | Pos | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | Period
(age of
first/last) | G | S | B | T | Ref |
| | | | | | Water polo tournaments | | | | | | Medals | | | | |

### Top goalscorers

The following table is pre-sorted by number of total goals (in descending order), year of the last Olympic appearance (in ascending order), year of the first Olympic appearance (in ascending order), name of the player (in ascending order), respectively.

* Number of goalscorers (40+ goals): 1
* Number of goalscorers (30–39 goals): 2
* Number of goalscorers (20–29 goals): 1
* Last updated: 12 August 2021.

Legend * – Hosts

**Female players with 20 or more goals at the Olympics**
| Rk | Player | Birth | L/R | Total
goals | Water polo tournaments
(goals) | | | | | Age of
first/last | ISHOF
member | Note | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | | | | |
| **1** | Maggie Steffens | 1993 | Right | **56** | 2012
(21) | 2016
(17) | 2020
(18) |  |  | 19/28 |  |  |  |
| **2** | Brenda Villa | 1980 | Right | **31** | 2000
(9) | 2004
(7) | 2008
(9) | 2012
(6) |  | 20/32 | 2018 |  |  |
| **3** | Maddie Musselman | 1998 | Right | **30** | 2016
(12) | 2020
(18) |  |  |  | 18/23 |  |  |  |
| **4** | Makenzie Fischer | 1997 | Right | **21** | 2016
(7) | 2020
(14) |  |  |  | 19/24 |  |  |  |

Source:

* Official Results Books (PDF): 2000 (p. 101), 2004 (pp. 84–85), 2008 (pp. 77–78), 2012 (pp. 368–369), 2016 (pp. 218–219), 2020 (pp. 273–274).

### Goalkeepers

The following table is pre-sorted by edition of the Olympics (in ascending order), cap number or name of the goalkeeper (in ascending order), respectively.

Last updated: 1 April 2021.

Legend and abbreviation * – Hosts
* Eff % – Save efficiency (Saves / Shots)

| Year | Cap
No. | Goalkeeper | Birth | Age | Saves | Shots | Eff % | ISHOF
member | Note | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2000 | 1 | Bernice Orwig | 1976 | 23 | **39** | 59 | 66.1% |  |  |  |
| | 11 | Nicolle Payne | 1976 | 24 | **19** | 38 | 50.0% |  |  |  |
| 2004 | 1 | Jacqueline Frank | 1980 | 24 | **41** | 68 | 60.3% |  | Starting goalkeeper |  |
| | 12 | Nicolle Payne (2) | 1976 | 28 | **0** | 0 |  |  |  |  |
| 2008 | 1 | Elizabeth Armstrong | 1983 | 25 | **49** | 92 | 53.3% |  | Starting goalkeeper |  |
| | 13 | Jaime Komer | 1981 | 26 | **1** | 2 | 50.0% |  |  |  |
| 2012 | 1 | Elizabeth Armstrong (2) | 1983 | 29 | **53** | 101 | 52.5% |  | Starting goalkeeper |  |
| | 13 | Tumua Anae | 1988 | 23 | **0** | 0 |  |  |  |  |
| 2016 | 1 | Samantha Hill | 1992 | 24 | **6** | 10 | 60.0% |  |  |  |
| | 13 | Ashleigh Johnson | 1994 | 21 | **51** | 79 | 64.6% |  | Starting goalkeeper |  |
| Year | Cap
No. | Goalkeeper | Birth | Age | Saves | Shots | Eff % | ISHOF
member | Note | Ref |

Source:

* Official Results Books (PDF): 2000 (p. 101), 2004 (pp. 84–85), 2008 (pp. 77–78), 2012 (pp. 368–369), 2016 (pp. 218–219).

### Top sprinters

The following table is pre-sorted by number of total sprints won (in descending order), year of the last Olympic appearance (in ascending order), year of the first Olympic appearance (in ascending order), name of the sprinter (in ascending order), respectively.

* Number of sprinters (30+ sprints won): 0

* Number of sprinters (20–29 sprints won): 0
* Number of sprinters (10–19 sprints won): 2
* Number of sprinters (5–9 sprints won): 1
* Last updated: 15 May 2021.

Legend and abbreviation * – Hosts
* Eff % – Efficiency (Sprints won / Sprints contested)

**Female players with 5 or more sprints won at the Olympics**
| Rk | Sprinter | Birth | Total
sprints
won | Total
sprints
contested | Eff % | Water polo tournaments
(sprints won / contested) | | | | | Age of
first/last | ISHOF
member | Note | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | | | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | | | | |
| **1** | Rachel Fattal | 1993 | **17** | 23 | 73.9% | 2016
(17/23) |  |  |  |  | 22/22 |  |  |  |
| **2** | Heather Petri | 1978 | **13** | 18 | 72.2% | 2000
(1/1) | 2004
(0/0) | 2008
(11/15) | 2012
(1/2) |  | 22/34 |  |  |  |
| **3** | Margaret Dingeldein | 1980 | **5** | 5 | 100.0% | 2004
(5/5) |  |  |  |  | 24/24 |  |  |  |

Source:

* Official Results Books (PDF): 2000 (p. 101), 2004 (pp. 84–85), 2008 (pp. 77–78), 2012 (pp. 368–369), 2016 (pp. 218–219).

## Coach statistics

### Most successful coaches

The following table is pre-sorted by total number of Olympic medals (in descending order), number of Olympic gold medals (in descending order), number of Olympic silver medals (in descending order), year of winning the last Olympic medal (in ascending order), year of winning the first Olympic medal (in ascending order), name of the coach (in ascending order), respectively. Last updated: 5 May 2021.

Guy Baker guided the United States women's team to three Olympic medals in a row between 2000 and 2008.

Adam Krikorian coached the United States women's national team to two consecutive Olympic gold medals in 2012 and 2016.

Legend * – Hosts

**Head coaches who led women's national teams to win two or more Olympic medals**
| Rk | Head coach | Nationality | Birth | Age | Women's team | Tournaments
(finish) | | | Period | Medals | | | | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | | | 1 | 2 | 3 | | G | S | B | T | |
| **1** | Guy Baker | United States |  |  | United States | 2000
(2nd) | 2004
(3rd) | 2008
(2nd) | 8
years | 0 | 2 | 1 | **3** |
 |
| **2** | Adam Krikorian | United States | 1974 | 38–42 | United States | 2012
(1st) | 2016
(1st) |  | 4
years | 2 | 0 | 0 | **2** |
 |

## Olympic champions

### 2012 Summer Olympics

* Edition of women's tournament: 4th
* Host city:  London, United Kingdom
* Number of participating teams: 8
* Competition format: Round-robin pools advanced teams to classification matches
* Champion:  United States (1st title; 2nd place in preliminary A group)

| Match | Round | Date | Cap
color | Opponent | Result | Goals
for | Goals
against | Goals
diff. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Match 1/6 | Preliminary round – Group A | 30 July 2012 | Blue | Hungary | Won | 14 | 13 | 1 |
| Match 2/6 | Preliminary round – Group A | 1 August 2012 | Blue | Spain | Drawn | 9 | 9 | 0 |
| Match 3/6 | Preliminary round – Group A | 3 August 2012 | Blue | China | Won | 7 | 6 | 1 |
| Match 4/6 | Quarter-finals | 5 August 2012 | White | Italy | Won | 9 | 6 | 3 |
| Match 5/6 | Semi-finals | 7 August 2012 | White | Australia | Won | 11 | 9 | 2 |
| Match 6/6 | Gold medal match | 9 August 2012 | White | United States | Won | 8 | 5 | 3 |
| Total | Matches played: 6 • Wins: 5 • Ties: 1 • Defeats: 0 • Win %: 83.3% | | | | | 58 | 48 | 10 |

Source: Official Results Books (PDF): 2012 (pp. 294, 300, 310, 312, 324, 334).

**Roster**
| Cap
No. | Player | Pos | L/R | Height | Weight | Date of birth | Age of
winning gold | Oly
debut | ISHOF
member |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Elizabeth Armstrong | GK | R | 1.88 m (6 ft 2 in) | 77 kg (170 lb) | 31 January 1983 | 29 years, 191 days | No |  |
| 2 | Heather Petri | FP | R | 1.80 m (5 ft 11 in) | 73 kg (161 lb) | 13 June 1978 | 34 years, 57 days | No |  |
| 3 | Melissa Seidemann | FP | R | 1.83 m (6 ft 0 in) | 104 kg (229 lb) | 26 June 1990 | 22 years, 44 days | Yes |  |
| 4 | Brenda Villa (C) | FP | R | 1.63 m (5 ft 4 in) | 79 kg (174 lb) | 18 April 1980 | 32 years, 113 days | No | 2018 |
| 5 | Lauren Wenger | FP | R | 1.91 m (6 ft 3 in) | 77 kg (170 lb) | 11 March 1984 | 28 years, 151 days | No |  |
| 6 | Maggie Steffens | FP | R | 1.73 m (5 ft 8 in) | 70 kg (154 lb) | 4 June 1993 | 19 years, 66 days | Yes |  |
| 7 | Courtney Mathewson | FP | R | 1.71 m (5 ft 7 in) | 71 kg (157 lb) | 14 September 1986 | 25 years, 330 days | Yes |  |
| 8 | Jessica Steffens | FP | R | 1.83 m (6 ft 0 in) | 75 kg (165 lb) | 7 April 1987 | 25 years, 124 days | No |  |
| 9 | Elsie Windes | FP | R | 1.78 m (5 ft 10 in) | 70 kg (154 lb) | 17 June 1985 | 27 years, 53 days | No |  |
| 10 | Kelly Rulon | FP | R | 1.78 m (5 ft 10 in) | 61 kg (134 lb) | 16 August 1984 | 27 years, 359 days | No |  |
| 11 | Annika Dries | FP | R | 1.85 m (6 ft 1 in) | 88 kg (194 lb) | 10 February 1992 | 20 years, 181 days | Yes |  |
| 12 | Kami Craig | FP | R | 1.81 m (5 ft 11 in) | 88 kg (194 lb) | 21 July 1987 | 25 years, 19 days | No |  |
| 13 | Tumua Anae | GK | R | 1.80 m (5 ft 11 in) | 70 kg (154 lb) | 16 October 1988 | 23 years, 298 days | Yes |  |
| Average | | | | 1.80 m (5 ft 11 in) | 77 kg (170 lb) | 5 May 1986 | 26 years, 96 days |  |  |
| Coach | Adam Krikorian | | |  |  | 22 July 1974 | 38 years, 18 days |  |  |

Note: Jessica Steffens and Maggie Steffens are sisters.
Sources:

Abbreviation  * MP – Matches played
* Min – Minutes
* G – Goals
* Sh – Shots
* AS – Assists
* TF – Turnover fouls
* ST – Steals
* BL – Blocked shots
* SP – Sprints
* 20S – 20 seconds exclusion
* DE – Double exclusion
* Pen – Penalty
* EX – Exclusion

**Statistics**
| Cap
No. | Player | Pos | MP | Minutes played | | Goals/Shots | | | AS | TF | ST | BL | Sprints | | | Personal fouls | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | Min | % | G | Sh | % | | | | | Won | SP | % | 20S | DE | Pen | EX |
| 1 | Elizabeth Armstrong | GK | 6 | 198 | 100% |  |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2 | Heather Petri | FP | 6 | 61 | 30.8% | 1 | 12 | 8.3% | 2 | 3 |  | 1 | 1 | 2 | 50.0% | 2 |  |  |  |
| 3 | Melissa Seidemann | FP | 6 | 95 | 48.0% | 7 | 20 | 35.0% | 1 | 5 | 1 | 1 |  |  |  | 8 | 2 | 1 | 2 |
| 4 | Brenda Villa (C) | FP | 6 | 153 | 77.3% | 6 | 24 | 25.0% | 12 | 4 | 4 | 5 |  |  |  | 2 | 1 |  |  |
| 5 | Lauren Wenger | FP | 6 | 161 | 81.3% | 2 | 11 | 18.2% | 6 | 8 | 4 | 10 | 1 | 13 | 7.7% | 2 |  |  |  |
| 6 | Maggie Steffens | FP | 6 | 157 | 79.3% | 21 | 27 | 77.8% | 8 | 8 | 10 | 2 |  |  |  | 7 |  | 3 |  |
| 7 | Courtney Mathewson | FP | 6 | 95 | 48.0% | 7 | 21 | 33.3% |  | 1 | 4 | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |
| 8 | Jessica Steffens | FP | 6 | 83 | 41.9% | 1 | 4 | 25.0% | 2 | 6 | 2 | 2 |  |  |  | 14 |  | 1 | 3 |
| 9 | Elsie Windes | FP | 6 | 98 | 49.5% | 1 | 8 | 12.5% | 5 | 6 | 2 | 3 |  |  |  | 11 |  | 3 | 3 |
| 10 | Kelly Rulon | FP | 6 | 112 | 56.6% | 4 | 12 | 33.3% | 5 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 11 | 36.4% | 2 |  |  |  |
| 11 | Annika Dries | FP | 6 | 65 | 32.8% | 2 | 5 | 40.0% | 1 | 11 | 1 | 2 |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  |
| 12 | Kami Craig | FP | 6 | 108 | 54.5% | 6 | 9 | 66.7% | 2 | 17 | 2 | 1 |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  |
| 13 | Tumua Anae | GK | 6 | 0 | 0.0% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Team | | | | | |  | | | | 7 |  | | | | | | | | |
| Total | | | 6 | 198 | 100% | 58 | 153 | 37.9% | 44 | 82 | 31 | 29 | 6 | 26 | 23.1% | 53 | 3 | 8 | 8 |
| Against | | | | | | 48 | 184 | 26.1% | 31 | 65 | 42 | 14 | 20 | 26 | 76.9% | 61 | 3 | 4 | 4 |

| Cap
No. | Player | Pos | Saves/Shots | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | Saves | Shots | % |
| 1 | Elizabeth Armstrong | GK | 53 | 101 | 52.5% |
| 13 | Tumua Anae | GK |  |  |  |
| Total | | | 53 | 101 | 52.5% |

Source: Official Results Books (PDF): 2012 (p. 368).

### 2016 Summer Olympics

* Edition of women's tournament: 5th
* Host city:  Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
* Number of participating teams: 8
* Competition format: Round-robin pools advanced teams to classification matches
* Champion:  United States (2nd title; 1st place in preliminary B group)

| Match | Round | Date | Cap
color | Opponent | Result | Goals
for | Goals
against | Goals
diff. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Match 1/6 | Preliminary round – Group B | 9 August 2016 | Blue | Spain | Won | 11 | 4 | 7 |
| Match 2/6 | Preliminary round – Group B | 11 August 2016 | Blue | China | Won | 12 | 4 | 8 |
| Match 3/6 | Preliminary round – Group B | 13 August 2016 | Blue | Hungary | Won | 11 | 6 | 5 |
| Match 4/6 | Quarter-finals | 15 August 2016 | Blue | Brazil | Won | 13 | 3 | 10 |
| Match 5/6 | Semi-finals | 17 August 2016 | Blue | Hungary | Won | 14 | 10 | 4 |
| Match 6/6 | Gold medal match | 19 August 2016 | White | Italy | Won | 12 | 5 | 7 |
| Total | Matches played: 6 • Wins: 6 • Ties: 0 • Defeats: 0 • Win %: 100% | | | | | 73 | 32 | 41 |

Source: Official Results Books (PDF): 2016 (pp. 142, 148, 158, 168, 176, 184).

**Roster**
| Cap
No. | Player | Pos | L/R | Height | Weight | Date of birth | Age of
winning gold | Oly
debut | ISHOF
member |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Samantha Hill | GK | R | 1.83 m (6 ft 0 in) | 89 kg (196 lb) | 8 June 1992 | 24 years, 72 days | Yes |  |
| 2 | Maddie Musselman | FP | R | 1.81 m (5 ft 11 in) | 65 kg (143 lb) | 16 June 1998 | 18 years, 64 days | Yes |  |
| 3 | Melissa Seidemann | FP | R | 1.83 m (6 ft 0 in) | 104 kg (229 lb) | 26 June 1990 | 26 years, 54 days | No |  |
| 4 | Rachel Fattal | FP | R | 1.73 m (5 ft 8 in) | 65 kg (143 lb) | 10 December 1993 | 22 years, 253 days | Yes |  |
| 5 | Caroline Clark | FP | R | 1.88 m (6 ft 2 in) | 72 kg (159 lb) | 28 June 1990 | 26 years, 52 days | Yes |  |
| 6 | Maggie Steffens (C) | FP | R | 1.73 m (5 ft 8 in) | 74 kg (163 lb) | 4 June 1993 | 23 years, 76 days | No |  |
| 7 | Courtney Mathewson | FP | R | 1.71 m (5 ft 7 in) | 69 kg (152 lb) | 14 September 1986 | 29 years, 340 days | No |  |
| 8 | Kiley Neushul | FP | R | 1.73 m (5 ft 8 in) | 65 kg (143 lb) | 5 March 1993 | 23 years, 167 days | Yes |  |
| 9 | Aria Fischer | FP | R | 1.83 m (6 ft 0 in) | 78 kg (172 lb) | 2 March 1999 | 17 years, 170 days | Yes |  |
| 10 | Kaleigh Gilchrist | FP | R | 1.76 m (5 ft 9 in) | 77 kg (170 lb) | 16 May 1992 | 24 years, 95 days | Yes |  |
| 11 | Makenzie Fischer | FP | R | 1.86 m (6 ft 1 in) | 74 kg (163 lb) | 29 March 1997 | 19 years, 143 days | Yes |  |
| 12 | Kami Craig | FP | R | 1.81 m (5 ft 11 in) | 88 kg (194 lb) | 21 July 1987 | 29 years, 29 days | No |  |
| 13 | Ashleigh Johnson | GK | R | 1.86 m (6 ft 1 in) | 81 kg (179 lb) | 12 September 1994 | 21 years, 342 days | Yes |  |
| Average | | | | 1.80 m (5 ft 11 in) | 77 kg (170 lb) | 1 February 1993 | 23 years, 200 days |  |  |
| Coach | Adam Krikorian | | |  |  | 22 July 1974 | 42 years, 28 days |  |  |

Note: Aria Fischer and Makenzie Fischer are sisters.
Sources:

Abbreviation  * MP – Matches played
* Min – Minutes
* G – Goals
* Sh – Shots
* AS – Assists
* TF – Turnover fouls
* ST – Steals
* BL – Blocked shots
* SP – Sprints
* 20S – 20 seconds exclusion
* DE – Double exclusion
* Pen – Penalty
* EX – Exclusion

**Statistics**
| Cap
No. | Player | Pos | MP | Minutes played | | Goals/Shots | | | AS | TF | ST | BL | Sprints | | | Personal fouls | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | Min | % | G | Sh | % | | | | | Won | SP | % | 20S | DE | Pen | EX |
| 1 | Samantha Hill | GK | 6 | 15 | 7.8% |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2 | Maddie Musselman | FP | 6 | 116 | 60.4% | 12 | 25 | 48.0% |  | 7 | 4 | 3 |  |  |  | 4 | 1 |  |  |
| 3 | Melissa Seidemann | FP | 6 | 95 | 49.5% | 3 | 11 | 27.3% | 1 | 8 | 3 | 2 |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  |
| 4 | Rachel Fattal | FP | 6 | 146 | 76.0% | 4 | 14 | 28.6% | 5 | 8 | 9 | 3 | 17 | 23 | 73.9% | 2 |  |  |  |
| 5 | Caroline Clark | FP | 6 | 62 | 32.3% | 2 | 6 | 33.3% | 1 | 1 | 4 |  |  |  |  | 6 |  |  |  |
| 6 | Maggie Steffens (C) | FP | 6 | 145 | 75.5% | 17 | 24 | 70.8% | 5 | 9 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 100% | 6 |  | 1 | 1 |
| 7 | Courtney Mathewson | FP | 6 | 96 | 50.0% | 7 | 11 | 63.6% | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 8 | Kiley Neushul | FP | 6 | 149 | 77.6% | 10 | 20 | 50.0% | 2 | 7 | 5 | 1 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |
| 9 | Aria Fischer | FP | 6 | 69 | 35.9% | 0 | 5 | 0.0% |  | 5 | 1 | 1 |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  |
| 10 | Kaleigh Gilchrist | FP | 6 | 99 | 51.6% | 6 | 13 | 46.2% | 5 | 5 | 2 | 5 |  |  |  | 3 |  | 1 |  |
| 11 | Makenzie Fischer | FP | 6 | 95 | 49.5% | 7 | 23 | 30.4% | 4 | 5 | 3 | 1 |  |  |  | 8 |  | 1 | 1 |
| 12 | Kami Craig | FP | 6 | 81 | 42.2% | 5 | 7 | 71.4% | 1 | 4 | 3 | 1 |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  |
| 13 | Ashleigh Johnson | GK | 6 | 177 | 92.2% | 0 | 4 | 0.0% | 3 | 2 | 17 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Team | | | | | |  | | | | 16 |  | | | | | | | | |
| Total | | | 6 | 192 | 100% | 73 | 163 | 44.8% | 31 | 78 | 53 | 21 | 18 | 24 | 75.0% | 39 | 1 | 3 | 2 |
| Against | | | | | | 32 | 156 | 20.5% | 13 | 90 | 41 | 8 | 6 | 24 | 25.0% | 40 | 1 | 5 | 0 |

| Cap
No. | Player | Pos | Saves/Shots | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | Saves | Shots | % |
| 1 | Samantha Hill | GK | 6 | 10 | 60.0% |
| 13 | Ashleigh Johnson | GK | 51 | 79 | 64.6% |
| Total | | | 57 | 89 | 64.0% |

Source: Official Results Books (PDF): 2016 (p. 218).

## Sources

### Official Results Books (IOC)

PDF documents in the LA84 Foundation Digital Library:

PDF documents on the FINA website:

PDF documents in the Olympic World Library:

PDF documents on the International Olympic Committee website:

### Official Reports (FINA)

PDF documents on the FINA website:

### Official website (IOC)

Water polo on the International Olympic Committee website:

### Olympedia

Water polo on the Olympedia website:

### Sports Reference

Water polo on the Sports Reference website:

### Todor66

Water polo on the Todor66 website:

### ISHOF

International Swimming Hall of Fame (ISHOF) website:


title: Ungulani Ba Ka Khosa

abstract: Francisco Esaú Cossa is a Mozambican writer born on August 1, 1957, in Inhaminga, Sofala Province.

text:
# Ungulani Ba Ka Khosa

**Francisco Esaú Cossa** (pseudonym **Ungulani Ba Ka Khosa**, also spelled as **Ungulani ba ka Khosa**) is a Mozambican writer born on August 1, 1957, in Inhaminga, Sofala Province.

## Education and career

Khosa completed elementary school in Sofala, and high school in Zambezia. In Maputo he attended Eduardo Mondlane University, receiving a bachelor's degree in History and Geography. He then worked as a high school teacher.

In 1982, Khosa worked for the Ministry of Education for over a year. Six months after leaving the Ministry of Education, he was invited to work for the Writer’s Association. He initiated his career as a writer with the publication of several short stories and was one of the founders of the magazine *Charrua* of the Associação dos Escritores Moçambicanos (AEMO). It was his experiences in Niassa and Cabo Delgado, where poorly organized reeducation camps were located, that gave him the urge to write and expose this reality.

## Literary influences

Khosa has described being influenced by Latin American writers, such as Alejo Carpentier, Julio Cortázar, Gabriel García Márquez, Juan Rulfo, Jorge Luis Borges and Mario Vargas Llosa, in addition to African writers, such as Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o, Ousmane Sembène and Chinua Achebe, and American writers, such as Ernest Hemingway and William Faulkner.

## Awards and honors

## Published works

* *Ualalapi* (1987). Trans. Richard Bartlett and Isaura de Oliveira (Tagus Press, 2017)

* *Orgia dos loucos* (1990). *Orgy of the Fools*
* *Histórias de amor e espanto* (1999). *Stories of Love and Wonder*
* *No reino dos abutres* (2002). *In the Kingdom of Vultures*
* *Os sobreviventes da noite* (2005). *Survivors of the Night*
* *Choriro* (2009)
* *Entre as Memórias Silenciadas* (2013). *Among the Silenced Memories*

* *O Rei Mocho* (2016)
* *Orgia dos Loucos* (2016)
* *Cartas de Inhaminga* (2017). *Letters from Inhaminga*
* *Gungunhana* (2018)

## Further reading

* Chabal, Patrick. *The Post-Colonial Literature of Lusophone Africa*. London: Hurst & Company, 1996. Print.
* Chabal, Patrick. *Vozes Moçambicanas. Literatura e nacionalidade*. Lisboa: Vega, 1994. Print.
* Khosa, Ungulani Ba Ka. *Ualalapi*. 2nd ed. Lisboa: Editoral Caminho, 1990. Print.
* Laranjeira, Pires. *Literaturas africanas de expressão portuguesa*. Lisboa: Universidade Aberta, 1995. Print.
* Leite, Ana Mafalda. *Oralidades e Escritas nas Literaturas Africanas*. Lisboa: Colibri, 1998. Print.


abstract: The Emirati ambassador in Tokyo is the official representative of the Government in Abu Dhabi to the Government of Japan. Relations were established on May 4, 1972.

text:
# List of ambassadors of the United Arab Emirates to Japan

The **Emirati ambassador in Tokyo** is the official representative of the Government in Abu Dhabi to the Government of Japan. Relations were established on May 4, 1972.

## List of representatives

| Diplomatic accreditation | Ambassador | Observations | Emirati president | Emperor of Japan | Term end |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1973 | Rashid Abdul Aziz Al-Makhawi | First ambassador of the UAE to Japan. | Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan | Hirohito | 1974 |
| 1974 | Ebrahim Hasan Saif |  | Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan | Hirohito | 1974 |
| 1974 | Ahmed Salim Al-Mokarrab |  | Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan | Hirohito | 1985 |
| 1985 | Mohamed Darweesh Benkaram |  | Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan | Hirohito | 1988 |
| 1988 | Hamad Salem Al–Makami |  | Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan | Hirohito | 2000 |
| 2000 | Ahmed Ali Hamad Al-Mualla |  | Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan | Akihito | 2005 |
| 2005 | Saeed Ali Yousef Al-Nowais |  | Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan | Akihito | 2016 |
| 2016 | Khaled Omran Sqait Sarhan Al-Ameri |  | Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan | Akihito | 2021 |
| 2021 | Shihab Ahmed Al-Faheem |  | Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan | Naruhito | *Incumbent* |
|

## InfoBox

| Ambassador of United Arab Emirates to Japan | |
| --- | --- |
| Coat of Arms of the UAE | |
| Incumbent
Shihab Ahmed Al-Faheem
since 2021 | |
| Ministry of Foreign Affairs | |
| Style | His Excellency |
| Inaugural holder | Rashid Abdul Aziz Al-Makhawi |
| Formation | 1973 |


title: Petrophila climacusalis

abstract: Petrophila climacusalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Schaus in 1924. It is found in Peru.

text:
# Petrophila climacusalis

***Petrophila climacusalis*** is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Schaus in 1924. It is found in Peru.

## InfoBox

| *Petrophila climacusalis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Crambidae |
| Genus: | *Petrophila* |
| Species: | ***P. climacusalis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Petrophila climacusalis***<br>(Schaus, 1924) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Argyractis climacusalis* Schaus, 1924 | |


title: Xikou, Cili

abstract: Xikou Town is an urban town in Cili County, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China.

text:
# Xikou, Cili

**Xikou Town** (simplified Chinese: 溪口镇; traditional Chinese: 溪口鎮; pinyin: *Xīkǒu Zhèn*) is an urban town in Cili County, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China.

## Administrative division

The town is divided into 19 villages and 2 communities, the following areas: Xinjie Community, Laojie Community, Changtan Village, Pingtan Village, Wangjiaping Village, Duping Village, Tianqiao Village, Zhuojiashan Village, Huou Village, Baiyan Village, Dingzhu Village, He'ai Village, Liren Village, Ligong Village, Maopo Village, Tongmeng Village, Shuangyu Village, Gangtou Village, Yungui Village, Yanmen Village, and Dutan Village (新街社区、老街社区、长潭村、坪坦村、王家坪村、杜坪村、天桥村、卓家山村、湖凹村、白岩村、丁竹村、和爱村、里仁村、立功村、茅坡村、同盟村、双峪村、岗头村、云桂村、岩门村、渡坦村).

## InfoBox

| Xikou Town 溪口镇 | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
| Xikou TownLocation in Hunan | |
| Coordinates: 29°13′51″N 110°45′02″E / 29.23083°N 110.75056°E / 29.23083; 110.75056 | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Hunan |
| Prefecture-level city | Zhangjiajie |
| County | Cili |
| Population | 17,500 |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Area code | 0744 |


title: Ubierring station

abstract: Ubierring is a station on the Cologne Stadtbahn lines 15 and 16, located in the Cologne district of Neustadt-Süd. The station lies on Ubierring, after which it is named. The station was opened by the Bonn–Cologne Railway Company in 1905 and consists of two side platforms with two rail tracks.

text:
# Ubierring station

**Ubierring** is a station on the Cologne Stadtbahn lines 15 and 16, located in the Cologne district of Neustadt-Süd. The station lies on Ubierring (part of the Cologne Ring), after which it is named.

The station was opened by the Bonn–Cologne Railway Company in 1905 and consists of two side platforms with two rail tracks.

| Preceding station | Cologne Stadtbahn | | | Following station |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Chlodwigplatztowards Köln-Chorweiler or Longerich Friedhof |  | Line 15 |  | *Terminus* |
| Chlodwigplatztowards Niehl Sebastianstraße |  | Line 16 |  | Schönhauser Straßetowards Bad Godesberg Stadthalle |

50°55′20″N 6°57′56″E / 50.92222°N 6.96556°E / 50.92222; 6.96556


title: Victoriana Stakes

abstract: The Victoriana Stakes is a thoroughbred horse race run annually in early to mid August at Woodbine Racetrack in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. An Ontario Sire Stakes, it is a restricted race for fillies and mares, age three and older. Contested over a distance of 1+1⁄16 miles on turf, it currently carries a purse of $115,000. Inaugurated at Fort Erie Racetrack, it was raced there from 1975 through 1977 and again in 1994.

text:
# Victoriana Stakes

The **Victoriana Stakes** is a thoroughbred horse race run annually in early to mid August at Woodbine Racetrack in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. An Ontario Sire Stakes, it is a restricted race for fillies and mares, age three and older. Contested over a distance of 1+116 miles (8.5 furlongs) on turf, it currently carries a purse of $115,000.

Inaugurated at Fort Erie Racetrack, it was raced there from 1975 through 1977 and again in 1994.

## Records

**Speed record:** (Through 1998, times were recorded in fifths of a second. Since 1999 they are in hundredths of a second)

*

**Most wins:**

**Most wins by an owner:**

**Most wins by a jockey:**

**Most wins by a trainer:**

## Winners of the Victoriana Stakes

| Year
 | Winner
 | Age
 | Jockey
 | Trainer
 | Owner
 | Time |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2016 | Lexie Lou | 5 | Patrick Husbands | Mark E. Casse | Gary Barber | 1:41.05 |
| 2015 | Bear's Pride | 4 | Patrick Husbands | Reade Baker | Bear Stables | 1:40.22 |
| 2014 | Silent Star | 4 | Justin Stein | David R. Bell | CEC Stables | 1:42.90 |
| 2013 | Hobnobsnob | 4 | Gerry Olguin | Earl Barnett | Openwood Farm | 1:44.75 |
| 2012 | Moonlit Beauty | 6 | Eurico Rosa Da Silva | John LeBlanc Jr. | William Gierkink | 1:41.85 |
| 2011 | Impossible Time | 6 | Jesse M. Campbell | Roger L. Attfield | Charles E. Fipke | 1:43.15 |
| 2010 | Impossible Time | 5 | Jono Jones | Roger L. Attfield | Charles E. Fipke | 1:43.15 |
| 2009 | San Nicola Whiskey | 4 | Emma-Jayne Wilson | Robert E. Barnett | J. D. A. C. & F. Pirone | 1:42.13 |
| 2008 | You Will Love Me | 4 | Eurico Rosa da Silva | Earl Barnett | Bill Jones | 1:42.02 |
| 2007 | Financingavailable | 6 | Jim McAleney | Lorne Richards | K. K. Sangara | 1:41.26 |
| 2006 | Financingavailable | 5 | Jim McAleney | Lorne Richards | K. K. Sangara | 1:42.78 |
| 2005 | Spanish Decree | 6 | Gerry Olguin | Frank Huarte | Frank Huarte | 1:48.03 |
| 2004 | Inish Glora | 6 | Todd Kabel | Macdonald Benson | Robert Costigan | 1:41.97 |
| 2003 | Inish Glora | 5 | Todd Kabel | Macdonald Benson | Robert Costigan | 1:43.59 |
| 2002 | Ariel's Melody | 3 | Constant Montpellier | Steve Attard | C Attard & H Bhupaul | 1:43.52 |
| 2001 | Nymphenburg | 5 | Gary Boulanger | Jerry C. Meyer | Knob Hill Stable | 1:39.85 |
| 2000 | Bristol Pistol | 4 | Na Somsanith | Macdonald Benson | Augustin Stable | 1:40.66 |
| 1999 | Except For Wanda | 4 | Jim McAleney | Bruce Smither | George Richter | 1:43.84 |
| 1998 | Genuine Emerald | 4 | Richard Dos Ramos | Danny O'Callaghan | Estate G. R. Gardiner | 1:41.4 |
| 1997 | Classic Wonder | 5 | Mickey Walls | John P. MacKenzie | Rudy Singh | 1:41.00 |
| 1996 | Bold Ruritana | 6 | Robert Landry | Barbara Minshall | Minshall Farms | 1:45.4 |
| 1995 | Hey Hazel | 5 | Robert Landry | Roger Attfield | M. Canino | 1:41.4 |
| 1994 | Bold Ruritana | 4 | David Clark | James E. Day | Minshall Farms | 1:41.3 |
| 1993 | Myrtle Irene | 4 | Sandy Hawley | David C. Brown | M/M D. G. McClelland | 1:42.00 |
| 1992 | Country Stage | 4 | Dave Penna | Roger Laurin | Roger Laurin | 1:41.3 |
| 1991 | Shareefa | 3 | Mike E. Smith | Del W. Carroll Jr. | Hassan Shoaib | 1:42.1 |
| 1990 | Tarage | 4 | Jim McAleney | Macdonald Benson | Anderson/Curraghdale | 1:41.2 |
| 1989 | Majority | 5 | Jim McAleney | Michael J. Doyle | Double Axle Stable | 1:42.00 |
| 1988 | Ptermagant | 4 | Sandy Hawley | Stan Fishman | Kruger Brothers/Fishman | 1:42.1 |
| 1987 | Aromacor | 4 | Don Seymour | Michael Whittingham | Ventura Stables | 1:42.4 |
| 1986 | Insidious Charmer | 4 | Lloyd Duffy | Jacques Dumas | Pierre L. Levesque | 1:48.4 |
| 1985 | Tip O' My Finger | 4 | Jeffrey Fell | Gerry Belanger | Ed B. Seedhouse | 1:44.1 |
| 1984 | Lady Ice | 4 | Gary Stahlbaum | Michael J. Doyle | S. Simard | 1:45.1 |
| 1983 | Eternal Search | 5 | Lloyd Duffy | Janet Bedford | Jim Dandy Stable | 1:43.00 |
| 1982 | Eternal Search | 4 | Lloyd Duffy | Edward Mann | Jim Dandy Stable | 1:43.4 |
| 1981 | Avenare | 4 | Larry Saumell | Robert Donato | Jeffrey K. Rafsky | 1:44.1 |
| 1980 | Avenare | 3 | Brian Swatuk | Michael J. Doyle | Bo-Teek Farm | 1:45.3 |
| 1979 | Christy's Mount | 6 | George HoSang | David C. Brown | D. H. Bunker | 1:43.00 |
| 1978 | Regal Quillo | 5 | Avelino Gomez | Andrew Smithers | R. E. Leslie | 1:45.1 |
| 1977 | Christy's Mount | 4 | George HoSang | David C. Brown | D. H. Bunker | 1:48.3 |
| 1976 | Reasonable Win | 4 | John LeBlanc | Fred H. Loschke | Hammer Kopf Farm | 1:42.1 |
| 1975 | Victorian Queen | 4 | Robin Platts | Gil Robillard | Grovetree Stable | 1:44.1 |
|

## InfoBox

Victoriana Stakes
| Restricted Stakes race | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Woodbine Racetrack
Toronto, Ontario |
| Inaugurated | 1975 |
| Race type | Thoroughbred \- Flat racing |
| Website | woodbineentertainment.com |
| Race information | |
| Distance | 1+116 miles (8.5 furlongs) |
| Surface | Turf |
| Track | Left-handed |
| Qualification | Fillies & Mares, 3-Years-Old & Up
(Ontario Sire Stakes program) |
| Weight | Allowances |
| Purse | CAN$125,000 |


title: William Hopkinson Cox

abstract: William Hopkinson Cox was an American politician, who served as the 30th Lieutenant Governor of Kentucky from 1907 to 1911, under Governor Augustus E. Willson.

text:
# William Hopkinson Cox

**William Hopkinson Cox** (October 22, 1856 – October 13, 1950) was an American politician, who served as the 30th Lieutenant Governor of Kentucky from 1907 to 1911, under Governor Augustus E. Willson.

## Early life and family

Cox was born October 22, 1856, in Maysville, Kentucky. He was the son of William Hopkinson and Elizabeth R. (Newman) Cox. His paternal grandfather, George Cox, immigrated from London, England, in 1817 and founded a dry goods store in Maysville, Kentucky, in 1819.

Cox was educated in the private schools of Maysville. He began working in the family store at age fifteen, and he and his brother George assumed operation of the store when their father died in 1885. In 1904, the brothers sold the successful business to the firm of D. Hunt and Son. In 1889, Cox became president of the State National Bank in Maysville, holding this position until 1901. He was also director of the Electric Light and Gas Company for a time.

Cox took an active part in the development of Maysville, financing the construction of the Cox Building in that city. He also owned a housing terrace on Market Street between Third and Fourth Streets in Maysville, which became known as the Cox Block of Maysville.

In 1880, Cox married Susan E. Farrow, niece of the Chief Justice Peters of the Kentucky Court of Appeals. They had one daughter, Roberta Stockton (Cox) Wheat. Cox and his wife were faithful adherents of the Episcopal church.

## Political career

For seven years, Cox served on the Maysville City Council, presiding over the Council for five of those years. In 1888, he was chosen as the Republican nominee for a seat in the U.S. House of Representatives, but he declined the nomination. In November 1893, Cox was elected mayor of the city of Maysville. He was the first mayor of the city elected under the new Kentucky Constitution of 1891.

Cox was a delegate to the 1892 Republican National Convention that nominated Benjamin Harrison for a second term as President of the United States. He was chosen as Kentucky's representative to the delegation that officially notified Harrison of his renomination.

Cox was elected to represent Mason and Lewis counties in the Kentucky Senate. He was re-elected once, serving a total of eight years. During his term, he supported the local option solution to the question of prohibition. In 1906, he received every Republican vote in the legislature for election to the United States Senate, but lost to Democrat Thomas H. Paynter.

Cox was elected Lieutenant Governor of Kentucky in 1907, serving under Governor Augustus E. Willson. He died October 13, 1950.

### Bibliography

* *Biographical Cyclopedia of the Commonwealth of Kentucky*. Chicago, Illinois: J.M. Gresham Company. 1896.
* Johnson, E. Polk (1912). *A History of Kentucky and Kentuckians: The Leaders and Representative Men in Commerce, Industry and Modern Activities*. Lewis Publishing Company. Retrieved 2008-11-10.
* *Legislative history and capitol souvenir of Kentucky : portraits and sketches of Senators, Representatives, and officials and attaches of the various state departments*. W.E. Bidwell, E.H. Ellwanger. 1910. Retrieved 2008-11-28.

## InfoBox

| William H. Cox | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| 30th Lieutenant Governor of Kentucky | |
| **In office**
December 10, 1907  December 12, 1911 | |
| Governor | Augustus E. Willson |
| Preceded by | William P. Thorne |
| Succeeded by | Edward J. McDermott |
| Member of the Kentucky Senate | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1856-10-22)October 22, 1856
Maysville, Kentucky |
| Died | October 13, 1950(1950-10-13) (aged 93)
Mason County, Kentucky |
| Political party | Republican |
| Spouse | Susan E. Farrow |
| Signature |  |
|  | |


title: Mark Rosekind

abstract: Mark Rosekind served as the 15th Administrator of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). He was appointed by President Obama and sworn in in December 2014, replacing David L. Strickland who resigned in January 2014. NHTSA was run by David J. Friedman, the deputy administrator, in the intervening time.

text:
# Mark Rosekind

**Mark Rosekind** (born 1955) served as the 15th Administrator of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). He was appointed by President Obama and sworn in in December 2014, replacing David L. Strickland who resigned in January 2014. NHTSA was run by David J. Friedman, the deputy administrator, in the intervening time.

## Personal life

Rosekind was born in San Francisco in 1955. In 1958 his father, a motorcycle policeman, died in the line of duty while chasing a speeding vehicle.

Rosekind completed his undergraduate degree at Stanford in 1977. In 1987, he earned his doctoral degree in clinical psychology from Yale and then continued his education with two years of post-doctoral work at Brown University Medical School.

## Career

From 1990 to 1997, Rosekind worked at NASA as part of the Fatigue Countermeasures Group and eventually as the group's director. In 1997, Rosekind started a consulting company called Alertness Solutions which focused on providing sleep and alertness strategies to a wide variety of professions.

In June 2010, Rosekind was appointed as a board member to the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) and served there until December 2014. As a member of the NTSB, he was on-scene for seven major transportation accidents including the Midland train crash and the 2011 Reno Air Races crash.

Prior to Rosekind's appointment, NHTSA had been considered by some as "tentative in taking action, slow to identify problems and reluctant to use its full legal powers against the industry it regulates." In his first few months of office, he led major investigations of Fiat Chrysler and Takata Corporation and extended oversight of General Motors' safety operations. These efforts and others have led to the largest vehicle recall in history. In contrast to the prior characterizations of NHTSA, Rosekind's brief tenure has been considered "aggressive" with respect to pursuing issues and taking action for the public's safety. The automobile industry has responded positively to his leadership: Automotive News named Rosekind the 2015 Industry Leader of The Year (a distinction typically reserved for auto industry executives). In April, 2017, Rosekind became chief safety innovation officer by Zoox, a driverless car startup.

## InfoBox

| Mark Rosekind | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Administrator of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration | |
| **In office**
2014–2016 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1955 (age 6869)
San Francisco, California, U.S. |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Education | Stanford University (BS)
Yale University (MS, PhD) |
|  | |


title: Marnay, Vienne

abstract: Marnay is a commune in the Vienne department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in western France.

text:
# Marnay, Vienne

**Marnay** (French pronunciation: \[maʁnɛ\]) is a commune in the Vienne department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in western France.

## Geography

The Clouère flows northwest through the middle of the commune and crosses the village.

## InfoBox

| Marnay | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| Location of Marnay | |
| MarnayMarnay | |
| Coordinates: 46°23′49″N 0°20′36″E / 46.3969°N 0.3433°E / 46.3969; 0.3433 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Nouvelle-Aquitaine |
| Department | Vienne |
| Arrondissement | Poitiers |
| Canton | Vivonne |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Christian Chaplain |
| Area**1** | 45.1 km2 (17.4 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 714 |
| Density | 16/km2 (41/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 86148 /86160 |
| Elevation | 96–144 m (315–472 ft)
(avg. 120 m or 390 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


abstract: Conway Post Office is a historic post office building located at Conway in Horry County, South Carolina. It was designed and built 1935–1936, and is one of a number of post offices in South Carolina designed by the Office of the Supervising Architect of the Treasury Department under Louis A. Simon. The building is in the Classical Revival style and is a one-story brick building that features an off-center entrance with large fanlight above. It was the first Federal post office built in the city of Conway until it was replaced by a new federal post office in 1977. In 1981, the renovated building was reopened as the Horry County Museum, which in 2014 moved to a new location in the Burroughs School. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009. As of April 2017, the building is used as the home of the Conway Visitors Center and the offices for Conway Downtown Alive.

text:
# United States Post Office (Conway, South Carolina)

**Conway Post Office** is a historic post office building located at Conway in Horry County, South Carolina. It was designed and built 1935–1936, and is one of a number of post offices in South Carolina designed by the Office of the Supervising Architect of the Treasury Department under Louis A. Simon. The building is in the Classical Revival style and is a one-story brick building that features an off-center entrance with large fanlight above. It was the first Federal post office built in the city of Conway until it was replaced by a new federal post office in 1977. In 1981, the renovated building was reopened as the Horry County Museum, which in 2014 moved to a new location in the Burroughs School.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.

As of April 2017, the building is used as the home of the Conway Visitors Center and the offices for Conway Downtown Alive.

Media related to United States Post Office (Conway, South Carolina) at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Conway Post Office | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| Conway Post Office, June 2010 | |
|  | |
| Location | 428 Main Street, Conway, South Carolina |
| Coordinates | 33°50′14.7″N 79°2′50.5″W / 33.837417°N 79.047361°W / 33.837417; -79.047361 |
| Area | 0.6 acres (0.24 ha) |
| Built | 1935 |
| Architectural style | Classical Revival |
| MPS | Conway MRA |
| NRHP reference No. | 08000758 |
| Added to NRHP | September 2, 2009 |


abstract: The Emirati ambassador in Lima is the official representative of the Government in Abu Dhabi to the Government of the Republic of Peru.

text:
# List of ambassadors of the United Arab Emirates to Peru

The **Emirati ambassador in Lima** is the official representative of the Government in Abu Dhabi to the Government of the Republic of Peru.

## List of representatives

| Diplomatic accreditation | Ambassador | Observations | Emirati president | President of Peru | Term end |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2016 | Mohammad Youssef Mohammad Alawadi
(محمد يوسف محمد العوضي) | First ambassador to Peru. Credentials presented on April 5, 2016. | Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan | Ollanta Humala | 2019 |
| 2020 | Mohamed Abdulla Ali Khater Alshamsi
(محمد عبدالله علي خاطر الشامسي) | Credentials presented on October 7, 2021. | Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan | Martín Vizcarra | 2022 |
| January 7, 2023 | Khaled Ali Mohammed Binsalem Alnuaimi | Credentials presented on January 7, 2023. | Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan | Dina Boluarte | *Incumbent* |
|

## InfoBox

| Ambassador of United Arab Emirates to the Republic of Peru | |
| --- | --- |
| Coat of Arms of the UAE | |
| Incumbent
Khaled Ali Mohammed Binsalem Alnuaimi
since January 7, 2023 | |
| Ministry of Foreign Affairs | |
| Style | His Excellency |
| Inaugural holder | Mohammad Youssef Mohammad Alawadi |
| Formation | 2016 |


title: Fred E. Haynes Jr.

abstract: Fred Elmore Haynes Jr. was a United States Marine Corps major general who served in World War II and the Vietnam War. He completed his Marine Corps career as deputy chief of staff for Research, Development and Studies at Headquarters Marine Corps. He was the older brother of actor and Dallas television personality, Jerry Haynes aka Mr. Peppermint, and uncle of musician and artist Gibby Haynes.

text:
# Fred E. Haynes Jr.

**Fred Elmore Haynes Jr.** (January 5, 1921 – March 25, 2010) was a United States Marine Corps major general who served in World War II and the Vietnam War. He completed his Marine Corps career as deputy chief of staff for Research, Development and Studies at Headquarters Marine Corps. He was the older brother of actor and Dallas television personality, Jerry Haynes aka Mr. Peppermint, and uncle of musician and artist Gibby Haynes.

## Early years

Fred E. Haynes was born on January 5, 1921, in Dallas, Texas, as the son of Fred E. Haynes Sr. and Louise Schimelpfenig. He had four siblings: Jerry, William, Hal and sister Mary Louise. He spent his childhood in Plano, Texas, where his maternal grandfather Frederick Schimelpfenig served as mayor and later operated a grocery store. He attended Plano High School and following the graduation in summer of 1937, he enrolled in Southern Methodist University in Dallas. Haynes was active in football and track teams during his time at the university and was the vice president of Delta Phi Alpha fraternity in his senior year. He graduated in June 1941 with a Bachelor of Science degree in Biology.

## Military career

### World War II

Following his graduation, he worked as reporter for the Dallas Morning News, but after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941, he decided to volunteer for the military service. Haynes entered the Marine Corps Reserve as private on March 13, 1942, and was attached to Reserve Officers' Class at Officer Candidates School at Quantico Base, Virginia.

He completed the course on June 13, 1942, and was commissioned second lieutenant on that date. He subsequently attended the Platoon Leaders Course in August of that year and then accepted regular commission. Haynes was then appointed an instructor and platoon leader at Quantico and took part in the training of new officers. During his duties there, he was promoted to the rank of first lieutenant in February 1943.

Haynes was transferred to Camp Pendleton, California in February 1944 and attached to the newly activated 28th Marine Regiment under the command of former Marine Raider (the "Raiders" were disbanded in February 1944), Colonel Harry B. Liversedge. He was promoted to the rank of captain one month later and appointed regimental assistant to the regimental operations officer, Major Oscar F. Peatross. Haynes subsequently took part in the extensive training and finally sailed to the Pacific theater in early October 1944, reaching Hawaii during the same month. The 28th Marines were stationed at Camp Tarawa and conducted amphibious training for the next four months.

In late December, the 28th Marines embarked upon amphibious transports for Iwo Jima as part of the 5th Marine Division under Major General Keller E. Rockey, and after a few days liberty in Pearl Harbor they set sail heading west on January 7, 1945. The regiment stopped at Eniwetok on February 5, conducted a practice landing on Tinian on February 13 and arrived off the coast of Iwo Jima on February 16. Haynes landed with the assault troops on Green Beach in the morning of February 19. Haynes participated in the planning of the 28th Marines fight to isolate Mount Suribachi. The regiment fought to secure Mount Suribachi until the morning of February 23, when the mountain was captured and a flag raised on top of the summit by a patrol from E Company, 2nd Battalion, 28th Marines. Haynes remained with the regiment in the combat area until the battle was over at the end of March . He was awarded the Bronze Star Medal with Combat "V" for his actions as operations manager for the regiment and the Navy Presidential Unit Citation ribbon.

## Postwar service

Following Iwo Jima, the 28th Marines sailed back for Hawaii in order to prepare for the Invasion of Japan, but the surrender of the Empire at the beginning of September 1945 changed their plans. Haynes subsequently sailed to Japan with his regiment and took part in the occupation duties at Sasebo. The 28th Marines were ordered back to the United States for deactivation in December and Haynes was transferred to the 6th Marine Regiment under Colonel James P. Berkeley, where he served as Operations officer of 1st then 3rd Battalions.

Haynes returned to the United States in August 1946 and decided to remain on active service. He was ordered to Washington, D.C., for duty at Headquarters Marine Corps with the division of Plans and Policies and served in that capacity under Brigadier General Gerald C. Thomas until June 1949, when he was promoted to the rank of major and transferred back to his native Texas.

He then spent three years as associate professor of naval science at the University of Texas at Austin and was ordered for instruction to the Amphibious Warfare School at Quantico, Virginia, in June 1952. Upon the completion of the school in June 1953, Haynes was transferred to Japan and appointed Combat Intelligence Officer at the staff of 3rd Marine Division under Major General Robert H. Pepper. From March until September 1954, Haynes served as executive officer of 2nd Battalion, 1st Marines in South Korea and took part in the defense of the Korean Demilitarized Zone.

Upon his return to the United States, Haynes was ordered to the Little Creek Naval Amphibious Base and appointed Operations Officer of 2nd Combat Service Group within Force Troops, Fleet Marine Force, Atlantic under Brigadier General Francis B. Loomis. The Force Troops was responsible for all independent units under Fleet Marine Force, Atlantic such as support artillery units, anti-aircraft artillery units, military police battalions, separate engineer units and other miscellaneous force units. Haynes was promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel in December 1954 and assumed command of Field Maintenance Battalion within this command.

In November 1956, Haynes was ordered to Washington, D.C., and attended Turkish studies at Foreign Service Institute. He was then transferred to Headquarters Marine Corps and served as Special Projects Officer within Operations Division. Haynes was transferred to Ankara, Turkey, in May 1958 and served as Assistant Naval Attache for Air at the American Embassy under Raymond A. Hare. He was also present in Turkey during the 1960 Revolution and served as the principal contact between the embassy and the Turkish military.

Following his return to the United States, Haynes was ordered for instruction to Air War College at Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama. He graduated with honors in June 1962 and assumed duties as head of Combat Intelligence Requirements and Readiness Branch, Intelligence Division at Headquarters Marine Corps under Major General Robert E. Cushman. While in this capacity, Haynes was promoted to the rank of colonel in July 1963. During his time in Washington, Haynes earned M.A. degree in International Affairs from George Washington University in January 1963.

He was ordered to the Office of Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs under John McNaughton and served on the Policy Planning Staff as special assistant to the principal deputy and then director of Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs at the Pentagon until October 1966. Haynes was decorated with the Legion of Merit in this capacity.

## Vietnam War era

Haynes arrived in South Vietnam in December 1966 and relieved Colonel Charles F. Widdecke as commanding officer of 5th Marine Regiment, 1st Marine Division at Chu Lai Base Area. He was subsequently appointed Chief of Staff of Task Force X-Ray, which was composed of the 1st and 3rd Battalion, 5th Marines and the 1st Battalion, 3rd Marines under the command of Brigadier General William A. Stiles. Haynes helped plan Operation Desoto, a search and destroy operation in Quang Ngai Province directed against North Vietnamese strongholds in that region. Haynes was decorated with his second Legion of Merit (with Combat "V") for his service in that capacity and also received his second Navy Presidential Unit Citation award.

He then assumed duty as operations officer on the staff of III Marine Amphibious Force under his old superior, Lieutenant General Robert E. Cushman and took part in the planning of III MAF Operations until November 13, 1967, when he was ordered back to the United States. Haynes received his third Legion of Merit for his service with III MAF and several South Vietnamese awards.

Following a brief leave at home, Haynes assumed duties as Military Secretary to the Commandant of the Marine Corps, General Leonard F. Chapman, Jr., who had just been appointed to office. In this capacity, he served as the senior advisor, task manager and oversaw the day-to-day operations of the Office of the Commandant, as well as supervised the schedule of the commandant, and performed other duties as the commandant may direct. Haynes remained in this capacity until September 1, 1968, when he was promoted to the rank of brigadier general and appointed legislative assistant to the commandant.

Haynes was promoted to the rank of major general on September 8, 1971, and assumed command of the 2nd Marine Division at Camp Lejeune, North Carolina, three weeks later. He held command of the division until January 1973, when he received transfer orders for Korea for duty as senior member of the United Nations Command, Military Armistice Commission in Korea and his duty was to supervise the Korean Armistice Agreement.

He was transferred to Okinawa on September 1, 1973, and assumed command of the 3rd Marine Division, which served as the defense force of the Far Eastern Area. Haynes was ordered back to the United States at the end of August 1974 and received the Korean Order of National Security Merit, 3rd Class for his service in Korea and Japan.

Haynes served as the commanding general of Camp Lejeune until the end of August 1975 and then began his last tour of duty as deputy chief of staff for research, development and studies at Headquarters Marine Corps. He retired from the Marine Corps after almost 35 years of service on January 1, 1977.

## Later life

Haynes settled in Washington, D.C., for 20 years before moving to New York City. He was the first Marine officer elected to the Council on Foreign Relations. He also served as chairman emeritus of American-Turkish Council and founded the Iwo Jima Association of America. He is co-author of the book: *The Lions of Iwo Jima: The Story of Combat Team 28 and the Bloodiest Battle in Marine Corps History*.

Because of his experience with POW at the end of World War II, he was the strong advocate of humane treatment of all prisoners, not only because he believed "it was the moral thing to do", but also because humane treatment often provided valuable intelligence at a time when the lives of servicemen and women depended on it. He also advised presidential candidates, as well as sitting presidents, on the treatment of those captured during battle.

Major General Fred Elmore Haynes Jr. died on March 25, 2010, in New York City and is buried at Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia. He is survived by his wife, Bonnie Arnold Haynes, and three children from his first marriage: Karen Francis Haynes, who is a research bio-chemist, and twin boys Fred Elmore Haynes and William Lane Haynes, who are lawyers.

## Military awards

MG Haynes' military decorations and awards:

| Legion of Merit with 3 Gold Stars and Combat "V" | Bronze Star Medal with Combat "V" | Combat Action Ribbon | Navy Presidential Unit Citation with 1 bronze star |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Navy Unit Commendation | American Campaign Medal | Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal with 1 bronze star | World War II Victory Medal |
| Navy Occupation Service Medal | National Defense Service Medal with 1 bronze star | Korean Service Medal | Vietnam Service Medal with 2 bronze stars |
| Korea Defense Service Medal | Republic of Korea Order of National Security Merit | Republic of Vietnam Gallantry Cross with Palm | Republic of Vietnam Army Distinguished Service Order, 2nd Class |
| Republic of Vietnam Gallantry Cross Unit Citation with Palm | Republic of Vietnam Civil Actions Unit Citation with Palm | United Nations Korea Medal | Republic of Vietnam Campaign Medal with *1960*\- device |
|

1. "Fred E. Haynes Jr. Papers – USMC Military History Division". USMC Military History Division. Archived from the original on August 1, 2013. Retrieved June 29, 2018.
2. "Fortitudine 35, Part 2" (PDF). *marines.mil*. Marines Websites. Retrieved June 29, 2018.
3. "Fred E. Haynes, 89; Marine General from Iwo Jima". *dallasnews.com*. The Dallas Morning News Websites. 30 July 2010. Retrieved June 29, 2018.
4. "Major General Fred E. Haynes Jr. – University of Texas NROTC Alumni Foundation". *utnrotcalum.org*. University of Texas NROTC Alumni Foundation Websites. Retrieved June 29, 2018.
5. "Legends of the 5th MARINE DIVISION". *5thmarinedivision.com*. 5th Marine Division Websites. Retrieved June 29, 2018.
6. Haynes, Fred E.; Warren, James A. (2008). *The Lions of Iwo Jima: The Story of Combat Team 28 and the Bloodiest Battle in Marine Corps History*. New York: Henry Holt and Company. p. 192. ISBN 978-0-8050-9017-8. Retrieved April 23, 2017.
7. "Valor awards for Fred E. Haynes". *valor.militarytimes.com*. Militarytimes Websites. Retrieved June 29, 2018.
8. "U.S. Marines in Vietnam: An Expanding War 1966" (PDF). USMC Military History Division. Retrieved June 29, 2018.
9. "U.S. Marines in Vietnam: Fighting the North Vietnamese 1967" (PDF). USMC Military History Division. Retrieved June 29, 2018.
This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Marine Corps.

## InfoBox

| Fred Elmore Haynes Jr. | |
| --- | --- |
| Major General Fred E. Haynes Jr., USMC | |
| Born | (1921-01-05)January 5, 1921
Dallas, Texas, US |
| Died | March 25, 2010(2010-03-25) (aged 89)
New York City, US |
| Buried | Arlington National Cemetery |
| Allegiance | United States of America |
| Service/branch | United States Marine Corps |
| Years of service | 1942–1977 |
| Rank | Major general |
| Service number | 0-10728 |
| Commands | Camp Lejeune
3rd Marine Division
2nd Marine Division
5th Marine Regiment |
| Battles/wars | **World War II**
**Vietnam War** |
| Awards | Legion of Merit (4) w/ Combat "V"
Bronze Star Medal w/ Combat "V"
Combat Action Ribbon |
| Relations | Jerry Haynes (brother)
Gibby Haynes (nephew)
Vance A. Larson (brother-in-law) |


title: YF-77

abstract: The YF-77 is China's first cryogenic rocket engine developed for booster applications. It burns liquid hydrogen fuel and liquid oxygen oxidizer using a gas generator cycle. A pair of these engines powers the LM-5 core stage. Each engine can independently gimbal in two planes. Although the YF-77 is ignited prior to liftoff, the LM-5's four strap-on boosters provide most of the initial thrust in an arrangement similar to the European Vulcain on the Ariane 5 or the Japanese LE-7 on the H-II.

text:
# YF-77

The **YF-77** is China's first cryogenic rocket engine developed for booster applications. It burns liquid hydrogen fuel and liquid oxygen oxidizer using a gas generator cycle. A pair of these engines powers the LM-5 core stage. Each engine can independently gimbal in two planes. Although the YF-77 is ignited prior to liftoff, the LM-5's four strap-on boosters provide most of the initial thrust in an arrangement similar to the European Vulcain on the Ariane 5 or the Japanese LE-7 on the H-II.

## Development

In January 2002, the development of a new cryogenic engines was approved by the Commission for Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense. The development responsibility was assigned to the Beijing Aerospace Propulsion Institute, a division of the Academy of Aerospace Liquid Propulsion Technology. The preliminary design was accomplished by mid-2002 and the first set of components was manufactured by early 2003. The same year saw the initial component and subsystem tests, with the gas generator successfully performing its first test on July 30. By December 2003 the whole powerpack successfully passed its first integrated test, and on September 17, 2004 a successful 50-second firing of a complete prototype engine was achieved.

In May 2013 the formal qualification testing campaign began. By the end of 2013 more than 70 tests and 24,000 seconds of firing at steady state conditions had been performed by 12 engines. The concept review confirmed that the performance goal and launcher requirements were met, and the engine was ready for integration for the first launch of the Long March 5 rocket. Engine development began in the 2000s, with testing directed by the China National Space Administration (CNSA) commencing in 2005. The engine has been successfully tested by mid-2007.

## Technical description

The requirements for an inexpensive, highly reliable, disposable engine are met by using dual 510 kN (110,000 lbf) (sea level) gas generator engines on a single mounting frame. Each engine has dual turbopumps with separate gas exhaust. Both turbines are fed by a single fuel rich gas generator. The combustion chambers and throat are regeneratively cooled, while the nozzle, of welded pipe construction, uses dump cooling. The turbopumps use solid propellant cartridges for start-up, while the gas generator and combustion chamber use pyrotechnic igniters. The valves and prevalves are helium-actuated ball valves. The thrust and mixture ratio are calibrated with venturis and a propellant utilization valve on ground tests. The engine also has dual heat exchanger to supply hot gaseous hydrogen and oxygen for tank pressurization.

All subsystems are attached to the combustion chamber and gimbal is achieved by rotating the whole engine on two orthogonal planes with two independent actuators. The injector plate uses coaxial injectors, some of which are extended to create baffles that prevent high frequency instabilities. The titanium fuel turbopump uses a two-stage pump with inducer and is actuated by a two-stage axial turbine. It rotates at 35,000 rpm and supplies a discharge pressure of 16.5 MPa (2,390 psi). The oxidizer turbopump uses a single-stage centrifugal pump with a helical inducer driven by a two-stage turbine. It rotates at 18,000 rpm and supplies a discharge pressure of 14 MPa (2,000 psi).

## InfoBox

YF-77
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Country of origin | China |
| First flight | Long March 5 inaugural flight (2016-11-03) |
| Designer | Academy of Aerospace Liquid Propulsion Technology |
| Application | sustainer engine |
| Associated LV | Long March 5 |
| Status | In service |
| Liquid-fuel engine | |
| Propellant | Liquid oxygen / Liquid hydrogen |
| Mixture ratio | 5.5 (adjustable) |
| Cycle | Gas-generator |
| Configuration | |
| Chamber | 1 |
| Nozzle ratio | 49 |
| Performance | |
| Thrust, vacuum | 700 kN (160,000 lbf) |
| Thrust, sea-level | 518 kN (116,000 lbf) |
| Chamber pressure | 10.1 MPa (1,460 psi) |
| Specific impulse, vacuum | 428.0 seconds (4.197 km/s) |
| Specific impulse, sea-level | 316.7 seconds (3.106 km/s) |
| Burn time | 525 seconds (8.75 min) |
| Dimensions | |
| Length | 2,600 mm (100 in) (with rack) |
| Diameter | 1,500 mm (59 in) |
| Used in | |
| Long March 5 core stage. | |
| References | |
| References |  |


title: Ubud District

abstract: Ubud District is a district (kecamatan) in Gianyar Regency, Bali, Indonesia. Its area is 42.38 km⁲ and the population was 69,323 people as of 2010 census; the latest official estimate is 74,320. but at any given time there are large numbers of temporary residents and tourists. Neighboring districts are: Tegallalang and Payangan districts to the north, Tampaksiring district to the north-east, Sukawati district to the south, all four within Gianyar Regency, and Abiansemal district of Badung Regency to the West. Villages in Ubud include the villages of Ubud, Kedewatan, Mas, Peliatan, and Sayan.

text:
# Ubud District

**Ubud District** (Indonesian: *Kecamatan Ubud*) is a district (*kecamatan*) in Gianyar Regency, Bali, Indonesia. Its area is 42.38 km2 and the population was 69,323 people as of 2010 census; the latest official estimate (as at mid 2019) is 74,320. but at any given time there are large numbers of temporary residents and tourists.

Neighboring districts are: Tegallalang and Payangan districts to the north, Tampaksiring district to the north-east, Sukawati district to the south, all four within Gianyar Regency, and Abiansemal district of Badung Regency to the West.

Villages in Ubud include the villages (urban *Kelurahan* and rural *Desa*) of Ubud, Kedewatan, Mas, Peliatan, and Sayan.

## InfoBox

| Ubud | |
| --- | --- |
| District | |
| Map of Ubud District within Gianyar Regency | |
| Country | Indonesia |
| Region | Lesser Sunda Islands |
| Province | Bali |
| Regency | Gianyar |
| Area | |
| Total | 42.38 km2 (16.36 sq mi) |
| Population (2019) | |
| Total | 74,320 |
| Density | 1,800/km2 (4,500/sq mi) |


title: Vicki Lee Soboleff

abstract: Vicki Lee Soboleff is a Haida and Tlingit artist, dancer, and teacher who specializes in Haida basketry. She was awarded the Margaret Nick Cooke Award in 2016 from the Alaska State Council on the Arts and the Alaska Humanities Forum for her work with Alaska Native dance.

text:
# Vicki Lee Soboleff

**Vicki Lee Soboleff** (born 1962) is a Haida and Tlingit artist, dancer, and teacher who specializes in Haida basketry. She was awarded the Margaret Nick Cooke Award in 2016 from the Alaska State Council on the Arts and the Alaska Humanities Forum for her work with Alaska Native dance.

## Biography

Soboleff was born in Seattle, Washington, and raised in Ketchikan, Alaska by Vesta Johnson, her grandmother. She is Haida Nation of the Brown Bear House. Starting from age 11, her grandmother alongside Nora and Robert Cogo passed down Haida traditions, songs, dances, and the Haida language to her.

## Career

Soboleff learned multiple forms of Haida crafts, including basketry from Selina Peratrovich, Delores Churchill, and Janice Criswell, how to make moccasins from Julia Fawcett, and beadwork from Beatrice Starkweather. She also worked with Cheryl Samuel and Kay Parker on Ravenstail weaving. During the COVID-19 pandemic, she created face masks woven from cedar. She told the Smithsonian that:

> I decided to make a face mask because I was under the Washington State Stay at Home mandate, and many people began to sew face masks, but I am not an accomplished seamstress. I am, however, an experienced weaver of red and yellow cedar. One evening as I watched the news, the red and yellow cedar face mask came to me. I jumped up from my chair and began assembling the supplies. I had completed the first face mask by late evening, and I was incredibly happy with it.

During her 20s, she became a member of the Eagle/Raven dancers in 1985 before creating her own dance troupe in 1986 named the Yun Shu Kaa dancers. In 1995, she established the youth dance group, Lda Kut Naaz Sati Yatx'i (translating as "All Nations Children" in the Tlingit language) in Juneau, AK. The group has since grown to over 100 members total by 2019. She eventually left the ownership of the group to Barbara Dude in August 2015 and took up an advisor role. After moving to Washington in July 2017, she helped to organize the youth dance group, X̲aat'áay 'Wáadluwaan G̲aagáay (translating as "All Nations Children" in the Haida language) in 2018.

Along with her work in art and dance, she is grant manager of the Tulalip Tribes of Washington, is board member of the Sealaska Corporation and the Haida Corporation.

## Works

In 2020, a woven cedar mask created by Soboleff and titled *Just Ovoid It* was featured in an exhibition by *First American Art Magazine* and was chosen in April of that year to be featured in the Renwick Gallery at the Smithsonian American Art Museum. For the latter exhibit, the work was renamed to the *Yellow Cedar Face Mask* and was described as being made with yellow cedar forming the primary splints of the mask and braided sinew acting as the external ties holding the splints together.

## Achievements

In 2016, Soboleff received the Margaret Nick Cooke Award from the Alaska State Council on the Arts and the Alaska Humanities Forum. The award recognizes individuals who have furthered Alaska Native languages and arts. Her cedar mask was featured in the Smithsonian American Art Museum Renwick Gallery's 50th anniversary exhibition, *This Present Moment: Crafting a Better World* (2022–23) in Washington, DC. In April 2019, she was given the President's Everyday Hero Award from the Central Council of Tlingit & Haida Indian Tribes of Alaska.

## Collections

## InfoBox

| Vicki Lee Soboleff | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | 1962<br>Seattle, WA |
| Nationality | Haida; Tlingit |
| Style | Basketry |
| Website | https://vickisoboleff.com/ |


title: William Earnshaw (politician)

abstract: William Earnshaw was a New Zealand Member of Parliament for two Dunedin electorates representing the Liberal Party. He later served on the Legislative Council. He was one of the first labour representatives in Parliament.

text:
# William Earnshaw (politician)

**William Earnshaw** (1852 – 29 December 1931) was a New Zealand Member of Parliament for two Dunedin electorates representing the Liberal Party. He later served on the Legislative Council. He was one of the first labour representatives in Parliament.

## Early life

'Plain Bill' Earnshaw was born in Manchester, England. He received his education in his home town and showed considerable ability at school. He trained as an all-round mechanic after his schooling. Aged 21, he left for the United States, where he spent two years. He visited Australia and came to New Zealand in 1878. He first settled in Christchurch and worked at the Addington Railway Workshops. He married Gwendoline Marie Payne in Christchurch on 21 July 1880. He moved to Dunedin in 1881, where he was a brass-founder at Anderson and Morrisons.

## Political career

New Zealand Parliament
| Years | Term | Electorate | | Party | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 18901893 | 11th | Peninsula | |  | Liberal–Labour |
| 18931896 | 12th | City of Dunedin | |  | Liberal–Labour |

In 1890, Earnshaw contested the Peninsula electorate against the incumbent, William Larnach. He supported female suffrage and prohibition, and was opposed to selling the railways. Earnshaw's victory made him a national figure, one of the new breed of working-class MPs. Earnshaw represented the Peninsula electorate until the end of the term in 1893, and then the City of Dunedin electorate (1893–1896) in the House of Representatives. A strong prohibitionist, Earnshaw became one of Sir Robert Stout's few consistent supporters in Parliament after 1893. This put him off-side with Premier Richard Seddon.

Earnshaw came seventh in the three-member Dunedin electorate in the 1896 election. He came eighth in the three-member Wellington electorate in the 1899 election.

Earnshaw was appointed to the Legislative Council in 1913 and served until his death in 1931.

## Life outside parliament

After his 1899 defeat, Earnshaw moved to Gillespies Beach near Fox Glacier, where he was involved in dredging. He later took employment with the Wellington Harbour Board prior to his appointment to the Legislative Council.

He died on 29 December 1931 at Wellington Hospital after a short illness. He was survived by his wife and two sons. His wife died in 1947, and both are buried at Karori Cemetery.


title: Marj Fogelman

abstract: Marj Fogelman is an American politician serving in the Minnesota House of Representatives since 2023. A member of the Republican Party of Minnesota, Fogelman represents District 21B in southwestern Minnesota, which includes the city of Worthington and parts of Cottonwood, Jackson, Martin, Nobles, and Watonwan Counties.

text:
# Marj Fogelman

**Marj Fogelman** (born June 10, 1972) is an American politician serving in the Minnesota House of Representatives since 2023. A member of the Republican Party of Minnesota, Fogelman represents District 21B in southwestern Minnesota, which includes the city of Worthington and parts of Cottonwood, Jackson, Martin, Nobles, and Watonwan Counties.

## Early life, education and career

Fogelman received an associate degree in accounting from Southwestern Technical College.

## Minnesota House of Representatives

Fogelman was elected to the Minnesota House of Representatives in 2022. She first ran for an open seat after legislative redistricting and the retirement of nine-term Republican incumbent Rod Hamilton. Fogelman serves on the Capital Investment and Transportation Finance and Policy Committees.

## Electoral history

2022 Minnesota State House - District 21B
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **Marj Fogelman** | **9,437** | **66.50** |
|  | Democratic (DFL) | Michael Heidelberger | 4,727 | 33.31 |
|  | Write-in | | 26 | 0.18 |
| Total votes | | | **14,190** | **100.0** |
|  | Republican **hold** | | | |

## Personal life

Fogelman lives in Fulda, Minnesota, with her husband, Michael, and has four children.

## InfoBox

| Marj Fogelman | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Minnesota House of Representatives
from the 21B district | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
January 3, 2023 | |
| Preceded by | Rod Hamilton |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1972-06-10) June 10, 1972 |
| Political party | Republican |
| Spouse | Michael |
| Children | 4 |
| Residence(s) | Fulda, Minnesota, U.S. |
| Education | Southwest Wisconsin Technical College |
| Occupation |  |
| Website | Government website Campaign website |
|  | |


title: Marne's 3rd constituency

abstract: The 3rd constituency of Marne is one of five electoral districts in the department of the same name, each of which returns one deputy to the French National Assembly in elections using the two-round system, with a run-off if no candidate receives more than 50% of the vote in the first round.

text:
# Marne's 3rd constituency

The **3rd constituency of Marne** (French: *Troisième circonscription de la Marne*) is one of five electoral districts in the department of the same name, each of which returns one deputy to the French National Assembly in elections using the two-round system, with a run-off if no candidate receives more than 50% of the vote in the first round.

## Description

The constituency is made up of the six former cantons of Beine-Nauroy, Bourgogne, Reims-4, Reims-8, Reims-10, and Suippes.

It covers most of the western edge of the department, plus an area to the south of Reims. Its largest town is Épernay. Today's 3rd constituency bears no resemblance to the one of the same name which existed prior to the 2012 election; instead it covers most of the area of the now abolished 6th constituency.

At the time of the 1999 census (which was the basis for the most recent redrawing of constituency boundaries, carried out in 2010) the constituency had a total population of 96,350.

Despite the above-mentioned boundary changes, the area has remained consistently conservative in its voting habits, returning Philippe-Armand Martin (who had previously represented the 6th constituency) at the 2012 election. Martin did not run in the 2017 election and the seat was won by Éric Girardin of La République En Marche!.

## Historic representation

| Election | | Member | Party |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1986 | | *Proportional representation – no election by constituency* | |
|  | 1988 | Jean-Claude Thomas | RPR |
| | 1993 | | |
| | 1997 | | |
|  | 2002 | | UMP |
| | 2007 | |
| | 2012 | | Philippe-Armand Martin |
|  | 2017 | Éric Girardin | LREM |
|  | 2022 | | RE |
|  | 2024 | Maxime Michelet | UXD |

## Election results

### 2024

| Candidate | | Party | Alliance | First round | | | Second round | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Votes | | | % | +/– | Votes | % | +/– |
|  | **Maxime Michelet** | LR-RN | UXD | 21,890 | 43.84 | new | **25,259** | **50.88** | new |
|  | Eric Girardin | RE | Ensemble | 15,942 | 31.92 | +1.15 | 24,384 | 49.12 | -2.31 |
|  | Chantal Berthélémy | PCF | NFP | 9,397 | 18.82 | +0.94 |  | | |
|  | Johanna Jabbour | DLF | DSV | 1,219 | 2.44 | -0.48 | |
|  | Charlotte Comerais | LO |  | 769 | 1.54 | -0.11 | |
|  | Julien Sene | REC |  | 719 | 1.44 | -3.10 | |
|  | | | | | | | | | |
| Votes | | | | 49,936 | 100.00 |  | 49,643 | 100.00 |  |
|  | | | | | | | | | |
| Valid votes | | | | 49,936 | 96.46 | -0.83 | 49,643 | 95.49 | +3.03 |
| Blank votes | | | | 1,257 | 2.43 | +0.69 | 1,844 | 3.55 | -2.54 |
| Null votes | | | | 575 | 1.11 | +0.14 | 498 | 0.96 | -0.49 |
| Turnout | | | | 51,768 | 65.97 | +20.71 | 51,985 | 66.23 | +22.01 |
| Abstentions | | | | 26,708 | 34.03 | -20.71 | 26,507 | 33.77 | -22.01 |
| Registered voters | | | | 78,476 |  | | 78,492 |  | |
|  | | | | | | | | | |
| Source: | | | | | | | | | |
| Result | | | | UXD GAIN FROM RE | | | | | |

### 2022

Legislative Election 2022: Marne's 3rd constituency
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **LREM (Ensemble)** | **Éric Girardin** | **10,841** | **30.77** | **-1.10** |
|  | **RN** | **Jennifer Marc** | **10,215** | **28.99** | **+7.42** |
|  | PCF (NUPÉS) | Chantal Berthelemy | 6,302 | 17.88 | −0.27 |
|  | LR (UDC) | Antoine Jacquet | 3,169 | 8.99 | −11.75 |
|  | REC | Thomas Adnot | 1,601 | 4.54 | N/A |
|  | DLF (UPF) | Johanna Jabbour | 1,030 | 2.92 | +0.29 |
|  | DVE | Sonia D'orgeville | 789 | 2.24 | +1.21 |
|  | PA | Bertrand Debarle | 710 | 2.01 | N/A |
|  | LO | Charlotte Cormerais | 581 | 1.65 | +0.65 |
| Turnout | | | 35,238 | 45.26 | −1.46 |
| 2nd round result | | | | | |
|  | **LREM (Ensemble)** | **Éric Girardin** | **16,836** | **51.43** | **-8.18** |
|  | RN | Jennifer Marc | 15,897 | 48.57 | +8.18 |
| Turnout | | | 32,733 | 44.22 | +2.85 |
|  | LREM **hold** | | | | |

### 2017

| Candidate | | Label | First round | | Second round | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Votes | | % | Votes | % |
|  | **Éric Girardin** | REM | 11,750 | 31.87 | **17,946** | **59.61** |
|  | Baptiste Philippo | FN | 7,953 | 21.57 | 12,160 | 40.39 |
|  | Rachel Paillard | LR | 7,647 | 20.74 |  | |
|  | Roland Jacques | FI | 3,550 | 9.63 | |
|  | Pierre Martinet | PCF | 2,357 | 6.39 | |
|  | Jacky Blavier | DLF | 968 | 2.63 | |
|  | Éric Lamaille | DVD | 826 | 2.24 | |
|  | David Nicanor | ECO | 786 | 2.13 | |
|  | Colette Leclercq-Chaudet | ECO | 381 | 1.03 | |
|  | Laurent Gosseau | EXG | 370 | 1.00 | |
|  | Jérôme Milutinovic | DIV | 286 | 0.78 | |
|  | | | | | | |
| Votes | | | 36,874 | 100.00 | 30,106 | 100.00 |
|  | | | | | | |
| Valid votes | | | 36,874 | 97.93 | 30,106 | 90.29 |
| Blank votes | | | 584 | 1.55 | 2,539 | 7.62 |
| Null votes | | | 194 | 0.52 | 697 | 2.09 |
| Turnout | | | 37,652 | 46.72 | 33,342 | 41.37 |
| Abstentions | | | 42,947 | 53.28 | 47,254 | 58.63 |
| Registered voters | | | 80,599 |  | 80,596 |  |
|  | | | | | | |
| Source: Ministry of the Interior | | | | | | |

### 2012

Legislative Election 2012: Marne's 3rd constituency
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **UMP** | **Philippe-Armand Martin** | **14,526** | **32.76** |  |
|  | **EELV** | **Eric Loiselet** | **11,069** | **24.97** |  |
|  | FN | David Mascre | 6,891 | 15.54 |  |
|  | DVD | Franck Leroy | 4,779 | 10.78 |  |
|  | DVG | Jean-Paul Angers | 2,336 | 5.27 |  |
|  | FG | Jean-Pierre Langlet | 2,184 | 4.93 |  |
|  | Far left | Michel Martin | 902 | 2.03 |  |
|  | | | | | | | |
|  | Others | *N/A* | 1,650 |  |  |
| Turnout | | | 44,337 | 54.53 |  |
| 2nd round result | | | | | |
|  | **UMP** | **Philippe-Armand Martin** | **23,135** | **55.78** |  |
|  | EELV | Eric Loiselet | 18,342 | 44.22 |  |
| Turnout | | | 41,477 | 51.01 |  |
|  | UMP **hold** | | | | |

## Sources

Official results of French elections from 2002: "Résultats électoraux officiels en France" (in French).

Official results of French elections from 2017: "" (in French).

## InfoBox

| 3rd constituency of Marne | |
| --- | --- |
| **Constituency of the
National Assembly of France** | |
| The constituency shown within Champagne-Ardenne | |
| Incumbent deputy | Maxime Michelet
LR (UXD) |
| Department | Marne |
| Cantons | Beine-Nauroy, Bourgogne, Reims-4, Reims-8, Reims-10, Suippes |
| Registered voters | 80,596 (2017) |
|  | |


title: Manuel Monge Municipality

abstract: Manuel Monge is one of the 14 municipalities of the state of Yaracuy, Venezuela. The municipality is located in northern Yaracuy, occupying an area of 474 km ² with a population of about 10,600 inhabitants. The capital lies at Yumare. Like most municipalities in Yaracuy State, its economy is based on agriculture, producing oranges, sugar cane, corn and banana and also significant amounts of celery, taro and sorghum. The livestock sector is notable for the production of cow's milk.

text:
# Manuel Monge Municipality

**Manuel Monge** is one of the 14 municipalities of the state of Yaracuy, Venezuela. The municipality is located in northern Yaracuy, occupying an area of 474 km ² with a population of about 10,600 inhabitants. The capital lies at Yumare.

Like most municipalities in Yaracuy State, its economy is based on agriculture, producing oranges, sugar cane, corn and banana and also significant amounts of celery, taro and sorghum. The livestock sector is notable for the production of cow's milk.

## InfoBox

| Manuel Monge Municipality Municipio Manuel MongeFlag | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location in Yaracuy | |
| Manuel Monge MunicipalityLocation in Venezuela | |
| Coordinates: 10°36′46″N 68°42′01″W / 10.6128°N 68.7003°W / 10.6128; -68.7003 | |
| Country | Venezuela |
| State | Yaracuy |
| Area | |
| Total | 542.6 km2 (209.5 sq mi) |
| Population (2001) | |
| Total | 10,600 |
| Density | 20/km2 (51/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC−4 (VET) |
| Website | Official website |
| \[edit on Wikidata\] | |


title: UnPop Montreal

abstract: UnPop Montreal was a music festival in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The festival typically occurs at the end of August or early September. UnPop Montreal started as a weekend long event featuring unknown bands. It has since grown into a two-week party known for hosting free live shows featuring some of Montreal's best-known underground bands - and a few underdogs. The name of the festival was inspired in reaction to Pop Montreal.

text:
# UnPop Montreal

**UnPop Montreal** was a music festival in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The festival typically occurs at the end of August or early September. UnPop Montreal started as a weekend long event featuring unknown bands. It has since grown into a two-week party known for hosting free live shows featuring some of Montreal's best-known underground bands - and a few underdogs.

The name of the festival was inspired in reaction to Pop Montreal.

## Founding

The first festival was in 2005, born from a rant in the local alternative weekly, The Montreal Mirror by Nathan Munn. Munn took issue with the common practice by other festivals (i.e. Pop Montreal and NXNE) of charging application fees to bands. He felt that many unknown or unpopular acts would be overlooked by the festival's selection committees. He charged bias selection practices favoring friends and well established acts over local talent. Those local acts that were selected, were often paired with larger acts as openers for shows with steep ticket prices (why this is problematic should be clarified).

In reaction to these practices, Munn founded the UnPop festival. The festival's mandate includes a first-come, first-served application process with no fee. Further, the events are free of charge and open to the public.

## History

In 2005, Munn and a few friends started contacting venues and plead online and in local weekly papers for bands to apply. Meanwhile, Munn's collaborator Sébastian Hell obtained corporate sponsorship from local microbreweries and small businesses. However, the festival came at an enormous out-of-pocket cost to both organizers.

With mounting costs, the 2006 festival was nearly cancelled. Fortunately, Pop Montreal founder, Daniel Seligman intervened, providing the festival with an outdoor stage for one day during Pop Montreal.

In 2007, Munn left UnPop. Total control of the festival was given to Sebastian Hell. The third edition of the festival is known as its most successful. However, once again, Hell was left with outrageous out-of-pocket expenses.

The 2008 festival was a scaled back version that took place in December. The change of date was to determine whether the festival's draw would increase if it did not compete directly with Pop Montreal. However, the festival was not nearly as successful as in previous year.

In 2009, the festival coincide with Pop Montreal in its entirety. This was perhaps the festival's most aggressive rendition, lasting an entire 3 months (Aug-Oct).

## Venues And Performers

### 2005

Thursday, August 25 to Sunday, August 28.

Venues: Green Room, Main Hall, Pharmacie Esperanza, L'Hémisphère Gauche and Les Foufounes Électriques.

Performers: Raw Madonna, Michael Seta, Gyroscope, Ghettonuns, John School Dropouts, Sébastian Hell/Blooze Konekshun, Uncle Daddy, Deadbush, Channel 2, Boeufs De Matane, Argon Floozy, Dress Whites, French Leaves, Infinite Moksha, The Real Deal, Pelvic Thrust and Squalor.

### 2006

Performers: 12, Raw Madonna and Launie Anderssohn

### 2007

In 2007, Sébastian Hell brought a new vision to the festival and ended up hosting 45 bands for 10 shows in 7 different venues over 2 weeks. Over 1100 spectators came to the concerts, though that figure hides near-empty shows. All shows had planned a 12:30 AM end time so that spectators could also travel using the city's subway and public transit home and save on cab fare, as well as on admission price. This expansion is said to be the first part of a larger-scale plan, although said plans were never made public.

Venues: Zoobizarre, Playhouse, Quai Des Brumes, Barfly, L'Absynthe, Cagibi, and Lola Lounge.

Performers: Croc Mort, God: Zero, Les Vestons, The Unsettlers, The Jimmy Riggers, Me & Mary Jane (twice), Richard Carr, Sébastian Hell, Nightwood, Plunt, Infinite Moksha, Raw Madonna, The Sacramentos, Pax Nipponica, Shane Watt, members of Ideal Lovers, UnPop All Stars, Launie Anderssohn, Belleisle, Dush, Will Austin Escape, Les Jazz Bin, OK Giraffe, Allan Lento, Elizabeth Bruce, Shot While Hunting, On Bodies, Eleveneighty, Devil Eyes, Dead Messenger, Meltdown Club, Doc Pickles, Black Mammoth, Argon Floozy, .cut & Friends, Anti-School-Year, Les Tristes Tropiques.

### 2008

Because of logistic issues mostly, Sébastian Hell decided that 2008's edition was to feature no more than 3 acts per show, with clear headliners who will have a longer allotted time slot.

2008's edition occurred over four days in early December, split into two venues. December 4 was at Cagibi and featured Sébastian Hell, Might, Reason To Hide and Anti-School-Year; December 5 and 6 were at The Pound, with the Friday show Raw Madonna, The Montreal Nintendo Orkestar, Launie Anderssohn and Merles Guitar Band, while the Saturday show had The Nevers, ElevenEighty and Smoked Meat Fax Machine. December 7 was back at Cagibi with Patrick Hutchinson (of Swift Years), Will Austin, Allan Lento and Elizabeth Bruce.

### 2009

2009's edition took place from August 21 to October 23, often letting a complete week in between shows. It was launched with an afternoon show at record store SoundCentral on August 21, featuring solo sets from Small Wars and Sébastian Hell, followed by a couple of shows at Quai Des Brumes on August 26 (Jade Malek, Anti-School-Year, and Video Nasties) and September 8 (A Devil's Din, Low End Ensemble, Technical Kidman and Natalie Portland) and a Cagibi singer-songwriter night (Allan Lento, Philémon Chante, Simon Schreiber and a surprise mini-set by Hell).

As a tribute to years past, 2006 specifically, UnPop also held a spot on the outdoors scene usually reserved to Pop Montreal during the St-Laurent street sale on Friday, August 28. UnPop veterans Dead Messenger and Sébastian Hell played, as well as first-timers Le Mon@de, Plajia, After The Weather and (The) Slowest Runner (in all the World).

### 2010

The 2010 edition took place from August 26 to September 23, with an average of one show per week. It started with a spot at Parc Des Amériques during the St-Laurent street sale on Thursday, August 26, with 6 one-hour slots from 4PM to 10PM; Richard Lahmy, sskkLLFFkk, The Lindbergh Line, Desert Owls, Dead Messenger and Allan Lento & Will Austin performed, with the last duo getting fined for excessive noise, which garnered much media exposure, considering they played an unplugged acoustic set.

### 2012 and 2013

Mostly held in small venues such as Le Cagibi, Le Pastel and L'Escalier, as well as 'semi-private' loft parties, the 2012 and 2013 editions took place in November of their respective years and featured past UnPop alumni such as Will Austin, Patrick Hutchinson, and Allan Lento, and newcomers such as Les Vestiges and Les Guenilles, and a Lame De Fer reunion featuring Sébastian Hell.

## Notable Poster Artists

* Edmund Lam
* Sébastian Hell
* Nick Kuepfer
* James Ryan Halpenny
* Trebek
* Eleveneighty
* Lillywave
* Yan Basque
* Autodestrukt