title: 13 and 15 West 54th Street

abstract: 13 and 15 West 54th Street are two commercial buildings in the Midtown Manhattan neighborhood of New York City. They are along 54th Street's northern sidewalk between Fifth Avenue and Sixth Avenue. The four-and-a-half-story houses were designed by Henry Janeway Hardenbergh in the Renaissance-inspired style and were constructed between 1896 and 1897 as private residences. They are the two westernmost of five consecutive townhouses erected along the same city block during the 1890s, the others being 5, 7, and 9–11 West 54th Street. The buildings were designed as a nearly identical pair of houses. The facade is made of limestone with rusticated blocks on the first story and smooth blocks on the upper stories. The houses contain a rounded oriel facing 54th Street and a central pair of entrances above the raised basement. The houses are nearly identical except for their roofs; the eastern house at number 13 has a mansard roof while the western house at number 15 has a balustrade. The houses were commissioned for businessman William Murray, who respectively sold 13 and 15 West 54th to Jessie Neilson and James B. Dickson. Number 13 was purchased by John D. Rockefeller Sr. in 1906 and served as the home of his son and daughter-in-law, John D. Rockefeller Jr. and Abby Aldrich Rockefeller, until 1913, after which it was leased by various families through the 1950s. Ownership of number 15 was much more stable, as the Dicksons occupied the site until 1953. Nelson Rockefeller used number 13 as an office from the 1940s until his death in 1979, and he bought number 15 and operated it as the Museum of Primitive Art from 1957 to 1979. The New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission designated the house as an official landmark in 1981, and it was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1990 as part of the 5–15 West 54th Street Residences historic district.

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# 13 and 15 West 54th Street

**13 and 15 West 54th Street** (also the **William Murray Residences**) are two commercial buildings in the Midtown Manhattan neighborhood of New York City. They are along 54th Street's northern sidewalk between Fifth Avenue and Sixth Avenue. The four-and-a-half-story houses were designed by Henry Janeway Hardenbergh in the Renaissance-inspired style and were constructed between 1896 and 1897 as private residences. They are the two westernmost of five consecutive townhouses erected along the same city block during the 1890s, the others being , , and 9–11 West 54th Street.

The buildings were designed as a nearly identical pair of houses. The facade is made of limestone with rusticated blocks on the first story and smooth blocks on the upper stories. The houses contain a rounded oriel facing 54th Street and a central pair of entrances above the raised basement. The houses are nearly identical except for their roofs; the eastern house at number 13 has a mansard roof while the western house at number 15 has a balustrade.

The houses were commissioned for businessman William Murray, who respectively sold 13 and 15 West 54th to Jessie Neilson and James B. Dickson. Number 13 was purchased by John D. Rockefeller Sr. in 1906 and served as the home of his son and daughter-in-law, John D. Rockefeller Jr. and Abby Aldrich Rockefeller, until 1913, after which it was leased by various families through the 1950s. Ownership of number 15 was much more stable, as the Dicksons occupied the site until 1953. Nelson Rockefeller used number 13 as an office from the 1940s until his death in 1979, and he bought number 15 and operated it as the Museum of Primitive Art from 1957 to 1979. The New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission designated the house as an official landmark in 1981, and it was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1990 as part of the 5–15 West 54th Street Residences historic district.

## Site

13 and 15 West 54th Street are in the Midtown Manhattan neighborhood of New York City. They are along the northern sidewalk of 54th Street between Fifth Avenue and Sixth Avenue. The land lots are both rectangular and each cover 2,513 square feet (233.5 m2), with a frontage of 25 feet (7.6 m) on 54th Street and a depth of 100.42 feet (30.61 m). The buildings are the westernmost of five consecutive townhouses erected along the same city block; from east to west, the other houses are , , and 9–11 West 54th Street. The five townhouses are adjoined by the Rockefeller Apartments to the west, The Peninsula New York and the St. Regis New York hotels to the northeast, the University Club of New York and 689 Fifth Avenue to the east, the William H. Moore House and Saint Thomas Church to the southeast, and the Museum of Modern Art to the south.

Fifth Avenue between 42nd Street and Central Park South (59th Street) was relatively undeveloped through the late 19th century. The surrounding area was once part of the common lands of the city of New York. The Commissioners' Plan of 1811 established Manhattan's street grid with lots measuring 100 feet (30 m) deep and 25 feet (7.6 m) wide. Upscale residences were constructed around Fifth Avenue following the American Civil War. The two-block stretch of West and East 54th Street from Madison Avenue to Sixth Avenue, bisected by Fifth Avenue, was developed with the houses of prominent figures such as William Henry Moore, John R. Platt, and John D. Rockefeller Sr. The sites of the five houses at 5–15 West 54th Street, along with the University Club, were formerly occupied by St. Luke's Hospital, which moved out during 1896.

## Architecture

The houses at 5–15 West 54th Street, all developed in the late 1890s for wealthy clients, were designed as a cohesive grouping, unlike other residences in the neighborhood. According to *The New York Times*, the houses form the sole remaining "real strip of mansions" in Midtown Manhattan. The houses at 5, 7, 9–11, and 13 and 15 West 54th Street all had different architects. The twin houses at 13 and 15 West 54th Street were designed by Henry Janeway Hardenbergh in the Renaissance-inspired style.

### Facade

The buildings are both three bays wide on their street facade. The exteriors are nearly mirror images of each other, except that number 13 has an attic story and number 15 does not. The basement and first floor of both buildings are clad with rusticated blocks of limestone, while the three upper floors are clad with smooth limestone. The houses' original exteriors are intact. In front of both houses, there is a depressed areaway, with steps descending to the basement level on the outer end of the shared facade (corresponding to the left side of number 15 and the right side of number 13). At the top of each depressed areaway are two brackets with carvings of grotesques, which support double-story oriels above them.

The center of the shared facade, corresponding to the right side of number 13 and left side of number 15, has a symmetrical pair of curved stoops. The stoops are doglegs that run east from the middle of number 15 and west from the middle of number 13. On the portion of the stoop wall facing the sidewalk are oval vents with iron grilles, above which are cartouches. At the top of each stoop is an archway with a wood-and-glass double door. Above either door is an ornate cartouche. The cartouches support second-story balconies with stone balustrades, which are curved outward. Behind each of these balconies are windows topped by eared architraves that flank ornate keystones. The double-story oriels occupy the first and second stories on the left side of number 15 and the right side of number 13. Each oriel contains three windows per story. The windows on the second story of the oriel are flanked by vermiculated blocks.

The third story of each house has three windows that are centered to their respective facades. The third-story windows are flanked by vermiculated blocks and topped by lintels with elaborate scrolled keystones. Below the fourth floor is a stone string course that doubles as the sill for the fourth-story windows. There are also three windows on the fourth story of each house, as well as a carved plaque at the center of the facade between numbers 15 and 13. The windows and plaque are flanked by Ionic pilasters with pedestals at the bottom and volutes at the top. An additional pilaster, pedestal, and volute are at either extreme end of the shared facade. Above the fourth floor is a denticulated cornice. Number 13 has a copper mansard roof with three dormer windows, while number 15 has a balustrade above the cornice.

### Interior

The interiors of the houses contain ceilings that range from 10 to 17 feet (3.0 to 5.2 m) high. As of 2013, the basement and first floor are used by Italian restaurant Il Gattopardo. The basement contains the restaurant's party room while the first story contains the main dining area. The top two stories of the two townhouses are connected to 20 West 55th Street, a 13-story office building, at their rears. Construction of the office building, designed by Emery Roth & Sons, involved replacing the rear walls of numbers 13 and 15 with glass, overlooking the office building's five-story atrium. Including the office addition, the structures occupy a total of 97,500 square feet (9,060 m2).

## History

### Residences

In 1896, with the relocation of St. Luke's Hospital from Midtown to Morningside Heights, Manhattan, the hospital's former site on the northern side of 54th Street west of Fifth Avenue became available for development. The University Club, whose construction commenced the same year, was the first structure to be built on the former hospital plot. Unlike the other three mansions on 5–15 West 54th Street, the houses at 13 and 15 West 54th Street were developed as speculative developments instead of being purposefully built for a specific family. William Murray had bought two of the St. Luke's lots in July 1895 for $125,000. Henry J. Hardenbergh was commissioned to design a pair of houses on the two lots. The architect filed plans for the house with the New York City Department of Buildings around 1896.

The houses were completed circa 1898. Murray conveyed number 13, approximately 275 feet (84 m) west of Fifth Avenue, to Jessie L. Nielson in January 1898. Financier and oil heir John D. "Junior" Rockefeller Jr., along with Abby Aldrich Rockefeller, rented number 13 in 1901, around the same time they were married. The house was just across from the residence of Junior's father, John D. Rockefeller, at 4 West 54th Street. At the time of the lease, a columnist for the *New-York Tribune* wrote, "John D. Rockefeller, Jr. certainly has no regard for unlucky thirteen." Next door, Murray retained ownership of number 15 until late 1905, when the firm Pease & Elliman sold that house. The buyer was Johnson & Higgins Insurance Company president James B. Dickson, who finalized his purchase in January 1906.

Four of John and Abby Rockefeller's children were born while the Rockefellers lived at number 13, starting with their eldest child, Abby, in 1903. John D. Rockefeller III was born at number 13 in March 1906. The same month, Murray sold the land under the east wall of number 13 to Jessie Neilson. She filed plans for an expansion of number 13, to be designed by Delano & Aldrich. The plans called for the addition of the fifth-story attic, a sun parlor at the rear, and a new window and elevator at a cost of $10,000. Nielson sold the house to Junior's father shortly afterward in May 1906. John Sr, in turn, gave the house to Junior in 1909. Two more Rockefeller children were born while the Rockefellers lived at number 13: Nelson in 1908, at their New England summer home, and Laurance in 1910, in New York City. By 1912, the Rockefellers desired a new house for their four young children. The family moved to 10 West 54th Street, across the street from number 13.

Junior leased his old residence to Mrs. William W. Borden of Chicago in 1913. Borden leased number 13 in 1918 to Howard W. Maxwell, an Atlas Portland Cement Company vice president and New York Trust Company director. Maxwell and his wife used number 13 as their city residence and kept a country residence on Long Island. The surrounding neighborhood rapidly became a commercial zone after World War I, and many neighboring townhouses were converted to commercial use, but the Rockefellers and Dicksons respectively retained ownership of their houses. The Rockefellers leased number 13 to Robert Abel-Smith in 1932, and the surgeon Charles W. Depping had an office there by 1936. After James B. Dickson's death at an unknown date, his widow Harriet continued to live at number 15 until her death in March 1953.

### Rockefeller museum and offices

In October 1953, Nelson Rockefeller, who already owned number 13, acquired the twin townhouse at number 15. The next year, Nelson established the Museum of Primitive Art, a collection of ancient art that he intended to display in number 15. The art collection had been assembled over the previous decade but had never been shown together. Rockefeller wished to renovate a portion of the townhouse and anticipated expanding it with the growth of his collection. In 1955, Rockefeller acquired number 15. Over the next two years, the interior of the residence was extensively renovated, with space for the collection's items on the lowest two floors, as well as library space on the upper two floors. The Museum of Primitive Art opened to the public in February 1957. The museum's collection of over a thousand pieces was transferred to the Metropolitan Museum of Art (Met) in 1969. The Museum of Primitive Art closed in 1976 and its collections were transferred to the Met.

Nelson Rockefeller maintained a luncheon space and private office next door at number 13, which was connected by a passageway to his offices on 20–22 West 55th Street. During the 1960s, when Rockefeller served as the Governor of New York, the 55th Street buildings were described by *The New York Times* as the "unofficial Capitol of New York State", and 13 West 54th Street served as a rear entrance and exit to his 55th Street offices. Rockefeller retained the office throughout the rest of his life, even when he served as the Vice President of the United States from 1974 to 1977. A little more than two years after leaving the vice presidency, Rockefeller suffered from a heart attack and died at his 54th Street office in January 1979. The heart attack occurred in the presence of aide Megan Marshack, who called a friend to report Rockefeller's heart attack to emergency operators. In his will, "no specific disposition" of the houses at 13–15 West 54th Street was recorded.

### Later use

By late 1979, the Mendik Realty Company had acquired 13–15 West 54th Street, along with the rear properties at 20–22 West 55th Street. Though the Museum of Modern Art was occupying the houses while its own structure was being rebuilt, there were rumors that the four properties would be demolished to make way for an office building. The New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission designated the five houses at 5–15 West 54th Street as city landmarks, including 13 and 15 West 54th Street, on February 3, 1981. The Committee for the Preservation of West 54th and West 55th Streets had pushed for the landmark designation. At the time, the five houses were in various states of preservation: even as 13 and 15 West 54th Street had been proposed for demolition, the double house at 9–11 West 54th Street was being restored. The landmark designation made it harder for any of the houses to be demolished.

Developer Feldman Brothers took over the four properties at 13–15 West 54th .and 20–22 West 55th Street. In December 1981, Feldman Brothers announced plans to build a 32-story tower at 22 West 55th Street and convert 13 and 15 West 54th Street to office use. After objections from neighborhood residences, in 1983 the developers agreed to build a 13-story building instead. Danish bank Privatbanken bought the office building and leased the 54th Street houses in 1985 for close to $30 million, with an option to buy the houses. Under the arrangement, Feldman Brothers would complete the office building's construction and renovate the two houses, which were being refurbished by Haines Lundberg Waehler. The bank's name was installed in gold letters outside the houses. In 1986, Tore Wretman and Håkan Swahn announced they would open a Swedish restaurant, Restaurant Aquavit, in the lower two stories of number 13. Aquavit opened the next year. On January 4, 1990, the buildings were added to the National Register of Historic Places as part of the Residences at 5–15 West 54th Street historic district.

The next occupant of the houses, Danish bank Unibank, would leave several stories unused for several months on end before it moved out by 2000. Early in 2001, the Emmes Group of Companies paid $30 million for 13–15 West 54th and 20–22 West 55th Street. The company hired Helpern Architects to redesign the lobby of the office unit. After Aquavit's lease expired in 2004, it relocated from 13 to 15 West 54th Street to a nearby building on 65 East 55th Street. Both houses were sold in 2004 for $23 million to Rock 54, LLC. Gray Kunz subsequently opened the Grayz restaurant in the former Aquavit space in 2007. After two years, Grayz was replaced by Atria, which only operated for another four months. La Petite Maison then took the restaurant space in 2010. The Il Gattopardo restaurant opened in the townhouses' restaurant space in 2013. Eagle's View Capital Management leased the third floor of the houses in 2017.

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81. Kludt, Amanda (July 23, 2010). "Nice's La Petite Maison Will Open in Old Grayz/Atria Space". *Eater NY*. Archived from the original on May 25, 2021. Retrieved May 25, 2021.
82. Sifton, Sam (March 22, 2011). "Magnates and Beignets in Midtown". *The New York Times*. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 25, 2021. Retrieved May 25, 2021.
83. Fabricant, Florence (August 27, 2013). "Slow-Smoked Texas Barbecue at Morgans, and More Restaurant Openings". *The New York Times*. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on May 25, 2021. Retrieved May 25, 2021.

### Sources

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| William Murray Residences | |
| U.S. Historic district
Contributing property | |
| New York City Landmark No. 1104, 1105 | |
|  | |
| The houses as seen in March 2021 (number 15 at left and number 13 at right) | |
|  | |
| Location | 13–15 West 54th Street, Manhattan, New York |
| Coordinates | 40°45′42″N 73°58′35″W / 40.76167°N 73.97639°W / 40.76167; -73.97639 |
| Architect | Henry Janeway Hardenbergh |
| Architectural style | Renaissance inspired |
| Part of | Residences at 5-15 West 54th Street (ID89002260) |
| NYCL No. | 1104, 1105 |
| Significant dates | |
| Designated CP | January 4, 1990 |
| Designated NYCL | February 3, 1981 |


title: Notturno Concertante

abstract: Notturno Concertante is an Italian neo-prog band established in 1984. It has since released five albums, and collaborated in several other projects, most notably with Tony Pagliuca and Italian novelist and humorist Stefano Benni. Some of their compositions have also been used as soundtracks for Italian television shows. The band was founded by Lucio Lazzaruolo and Raffaele Villanova (guitar) with Michele Iacoviello (percussions), Giancarmine Tammaro (vocals), and Enzo Matarazzo (flute). Their style includes influences from Van der Graaf Generator, Genesis, and other progressive rock bands from the 1970s, as well as folk music.

text:
# Notturno Concertante

**Notturno Concertante** is an Italian neo-prog band established in 1984. It has since released five albums, and collaborated in several other projects, most notably with Tony Pagliuca (from Italian progressive band Le Orme) and Italian novelist and humorist Stefano Benni. Some of their compositions have also been used as soundtracks for Italian television shows.

The band was founded by Lucio Lazzaruolo (keyboards and guitar) and Raffaele Villanova (guitar) with Michele Iacoviello (percussions), Giancarmine Tammaro (vocals), and Enzo Matarazzo (flute). Their style includes influences from Van der Graaf Generator, Genesis, and other progressive rock bands from the 1970s, as well as folk music.

## Current lineup

* Giuseppe Relmi – vocals
* Raffaele Villanova – guitar, vocals
* Lucio Lazzaruolo – keyboard
* Carmine Marra – saxophone, flute, clarinet
* Carmine Meluccio – violin
* Giuseppe D'Alessio – bass guitar
* Simone Pizza – drums, percussions
* Gabriele Moscaritolo – harmonium

## Discography

* *The Hiding Place* (Musea 1989, republished by Mellow Records in 1992)
* *Erewhon* (Mellow Records 1993)
* *News from Nowhere* (Mellow Records 1993)
* *The Glass Tear* (Mellow Records 1994)
* *Riscrivere il passato* (Mellow Records 2002)

They also contributed to several progressive rock collections as well as to tribute albums dedicated to major progressive rock bands of the past, such as Genesis, Van der Graaf Generator, Camel, and King Crimson.


title: Violent Crime Reduction Act 2006

abstract: The Violent Crime Reduction Act 2006 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

text:
# Violent Crime Reduction Act 2006

The **Violent Crime Reduction Act 2006** (c. 38) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

## Origin

The United Kingdom Government published a paper "Drinking Responsibly - The Government's Proposals" in 2005 setting out their proposals for introducing Drinking Banning Orders (DBOs). Schedule 5 of the act repeals the Licensed Premises (Exclusion of Certain Persons) Act 1980 because the exclusions from certain premises under the provisions of that act are made redundant.

## Content

The 66 sections and 5 Schedules of the Violent Crime Reduction Act 2006 cover a wide range of measures.

* Part 1 of the Act deals with alcohol-related violence and disorder. (ss. 1 to 27)
* Part 2 deals with weapons. (ss. 28 to 51)
* Part 3 deals with a miscellany: football disorder, sexual offences, anti-social behaviour, parenting orders, mobile phone reprogramming, and licensing in relation to sports grounds. It repealed and replaced large sections of the Football Spectators Act 1989. (ss. 52 to 63)
* Part 4 of the Act deals with general housekeeping like expenses and repeals. (ss. 64 to 66)

## Commencement

## Notes and references

1. The citation of this Act by this short title is authorised by section 66(1) of this Act.
2. Drinking Responsibly - The Government's Proposals
3. Mack, Jon (2009), "The Last Chance Saloon", *Criminal Law & Justice Weekly*, **173**

## InfoBox

Violent Crime Reduction Act 2006
| Parliament of the United Kingdom | |
| --- | --- |
| Long title | An Act to make provision for reducing and dealing with the abuse of alcohol; to make provision about real and imitation firearms, about ammunition and about knives and other weapons; to amend the Football Spectators Act 1989 and the Football (Disorder) Act 2000; to amend the Sexual Offences Act 2003 and section 8 of the Crime and Disorder Act 1998; to amend section 23 of the Children and Young Persons Act 1969; to amend the Mobile Telephones (Re-programming) Act 2002; and for connected purposes. |
| Citation | 2006 c. 38 |
| Territorial extent | England, Wales and Scotland |
| Dates | |
| Royal assent | 8 November 2006 |
| Commencement | in force |
| Status: Current legislation | |
| History of passage through Parliament | |
| Text of statute as originally enacted | |
| Revised text of statute as amended | |


title: Leptosteges flavifascialis

abstract: Leptosteges flavifascialis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by William Barnes and James Halliday McDunnough in 1913. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from South Carolina to Georgia south into Florida. Adults are on wing nearly year round.

text:
# Leptosteges flavifascialis

***Leptosteges flavifascialis*** is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by William Barnes and James Halliday McDunnough in 1913. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from South Carolina to Georgia south into Florida.

Adults are on wing nearly year round.

## InfoBox

| *Leptosteges flavifascialis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Crambidae |
| Genus: | *Leptosteges* |
| Species: | ***L. flavifascialis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Leptosteges flavifascialis***<br>(Barnes & McDunnough, 1913) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Patissa flavifascialis* Barnes & McDunnough, 1913 | |


title: South Hornchurch (ward)

abstract: South Hornchurch is an electoral ward in the London Borough of Havering. The ward has existed since the creation of the borough on 1 April 1965 and was first used in the 1964 elections. It returns councillors to Havering London Borough Council.

text:
# South Hornchurch (ward)

**South Hornchurch** is an electoral ward in the London Borough of Havering. The ward has existed since the creation of the borough on 1 April 1965 and was first used in the 1964 elections. It returns councillors to Havering London Borough Council.

## Havering council elections since 2022

There was a revision of ward boundaries in Havering in 2022.

### 2022 election

The election took place on 5 May 2022.

2022 Havering London Borough Council election: South Hornchurch (2)
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Ind. Residents** | **Natasha Summers** | **1,023** | **44.8** |  |
|  | **Ind. Residents** | **Graham Williamson** | **1,019** | **44.7** |  |
|  | Labour | Julia Pearman | 669 | 29.3 |  |
|  | Labour | Mirza Akhtar | 664 | 29.1 |  |
|  | Conservative | Michael Burton | 573 | 25.1 |  |
|  | Conservative | Andromahi Themistocli | 500 | 21.9 |  |
|  | Green | Kim Arrowsmith | 116 | 5.1 |  |
| Turnout | | |  | 31.8% |  |
| Majority | | | 350 | 15.4 |  |
|  | Ind. Residents **win** (new boundaries) | | | | |
|  | Ind. Residents **win** (new boundaries) | | | | |

## 2002–2022 Havering council elections

South Hornchurch ward boundaries from 2002 to 2022

There was a revision of ward boundaries in Havering in 2002.

### 2018 election

The election took place on 3 May 2018.

2018 Havering London Borough Council election: South Hornchurch (3)
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Ind. Residents** | **Natasha Anne Summers** | **1,362** | **39.5** |  |
|  | **Independent** | **Michael Deon-Burton** | **1,312** | **38.1** |  |
|  | **Ind. Residents** | **Graham Keith Williamson** | **1,286** | **37.3** |  |
|  | Labour | Patricia Mary Brown | 1,043 | 30.3 |  |
|  | Labour | Trevor Roland McKeever | 1,019 | 29.6 |  |
|  | Labour | Nicholas George West | 939 | 27.3 |  |
|  | Ind. Residents | Phillip Peter Bowen | 811 | 23.5 |  |
|  | Conservative | George Lawrence Brind | 634 | 18.4 |  |
|  | Conservative | Grant George Rose | 561 | 16.3 |  |
|  | Conservative | Tammy Kim Farquhar | 422 | 12.2 |  |
|  | UKIP | Jane Lisa Fellowes | 315 | 9.1 |  |
|  | Green | Mohammad Shafrar Ali | 165 | 4.8 |  |
| Turnout | | |  | 32.43% |  |
| Majority | | |  |  |  |
|  | Ind. Residents **hold** | | Swing |  |  |
|  | Independent **gain** from Ind. Residents | | Swing |  |  |
|  | Ind. Residents **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

### 2014 election

### 2010 election

### 2008 by-election

The by-election took place on 3 July 2008, following the death of Leonard Long.

2008 South Hornchurch by-election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Independent** | **Michael Burton** | **661** | **27.0** | **+7.9** |
|  | BNP | Anthony Steff | 518 | 21.2 | +21.2 |
|  | Conservative | Christopher Ryan | 438 | 17.9 | −4.7 |
|  | Labour | Graham Carr | 416 | 17.0 | −5.9 |
|  | Independent | Reg Whitney | 287 | 11.7 | −12.8 |
|  | UKIP | Craig Litwin | 64 | 2.6 | +2.6 |
|  | English Democrat | Peter Thorogood | 28 | 1.1 | +1.1 |
|  | Residents | Malvin Brown | 17 | 0.7 | −4.5 |
|  | Independent | Mark Whitehead | 17 | 0.7 | +0.7 |
| Majority | | | 143 | 5.8 |  |
| Turnout | | | 2,446 | 23.8 |  |
|  | Independent **gain** from Residents | | Swing |  |  |

### 2006 election

The election took place on 4 May 2006.

2006 Havering London Borough Council election: South Hornchurch (3)
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Residents** | **Leonard Long** | **878** | **24.5** |  |
|  | **Labour** | **Thomas Binding** | **821** | **22.9** |  |
|  | **Conservative** | **John Clark** | **812** | **22.6** |  |
|  | Residents | Reginald Whitney | 788 |  |  |
|  | Residents | Wendy Clark | 757 |  |  |
|  | Conservative | Patricia Clark | 742 |  |  |
|  | Labour | David Leigh | 741 |  |  |
|  | Labour | Rosina Purnell | 733 |  |  |
|  | Independent | Wendy Buck | 687 | 19.1 |  |
|  | Independent | Michael Burton | 656 |  |  |
|  | Independent | June Walker | 623 |  |  |
|  | Conservative | Ronald Gadd | 620 |  |  |
|  | Green | Susan Gower | 204 | 5.7 |  |
|  | Green | Guy Gower | 191 |  |  |
|  | Residents | Malvin Brown | 186 | 5.2 |  |
| Turnout | | |  | 34.0 |  |
|  | Residents **hold** | | Swing |  |  |
|  | Labour **gain** from Residents | | Swing |  |  |
|  | Conservative **gain** from Residents | | Swing |  |  |

### 2002 election

## 1978–2002 Havering council elections

South Hornchurch ward boundaries from 1978 to 2002

There was a revision of ward boundaries in Havering in 1978.

### 1998 election

### 1994 election

### 1990 election

### 1986 election

### 1982 election

### 1978 election

The election took place on 4 May 1978.

1978 Havering London Borough Council election: South Hornchurch (3)
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Residents** | **Leonard Long** | **1,384** |  |  |
|  | **Residents** | **Michael Burke** | **1,317** |  |  |
|  | **Residents** | **Ronald Whittaker** | **1,299** |  |  |
|  | Labour | Harry Rivers | 1,249 |  |  |
|  | Labour | Richard Desmond | 1,201 |  |  |
|  | Labour | Lynne Cunningham | 1,179 |  |  |
|  | Conservative | Ralph Pollard | 889 |  |  |
|  | Conservative | Robin Hackshall | 870 |  |  |
|  | Conservative | Mary Oxley | 859 |  |  |
| Turnout | | |  |  |  |
|  | Residents **win** (new boundaries) | | | | |
|  | Residents **win** (new boundaries) | | | | |
|  | Residents **win** (new boundaries) | | | | |

## 1964–1978 Havering council elections

### 1974 election

The election took place on 2 May 1974.

1974 Havering London Borough Council election: South Hornchurch (3)
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **H. Rivers** | **1,769** |  |  |
|  | **Labour** | **J. Whysall** | **1,684** |  |  |
|  | **Labour** | **S. Clarke** | **1,677** |  |  |
|  | Ind. Ratepayers | L. Long | 946 |  |  |
|  | Ind. Ratepayers | L. Lowe | 929 |  |  |
|  | Ind. Ratepayers | J. Oliver | 915 |  |  |
|  | Conservative | D. Dryborough | 767 |  |  |
|  | Conservative | D. White | 767 |  |  |
|  | Conservative | B. Chamberlain | 728 |  |  |
| Turnout | | |  |  |  |
| Turnout | | |  |  |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

### 1971 election

The election took place on 13 May 1971.

1971 Havering London Borough Council election: South Hornchurch (3)
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **H. Bygate** | **2,897** |  |  |
|  | **Labour** | **H. Rivers** | **2,862** |  |  |
|  | **Labour** | **J. Whysall** | **2,753** |  |  |
|  | Conservative | B. Boakes | 931 |  |  |
|  | Conservative | J. Smith | 929 |  |  |
|  | Conservative | J. Collins | 922 |  |  |
|  | Ind. Ratepayers | G. Reynolds | 344 |  |  |
|  | Ind. Ratepayers | A. Robertson | 320 |  |  |
| Turnout | | |  |  |  |
|  | Labour **gain** from Conservative | | Swing |  |  |
|  | Labour **gain** from Conservative | | Swing |  |  |
|  | Labour **gain** from Conservative | | Swing |  |  |

### 1968 election

The election took place on 9 May 1968.

1968 Havering London Borough Council election: South Hornchurch (3)
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Conservative** | **J. Collins** | **1,095** |  |  |
|  | **Conservative** | **J. Smith** | **1,092** |  |  |
|  | **Conservative** | **C. Sherman** | **1,090** |  |  |
|  | Labour | P. Ridley | 993 |  |  |
|  | Labour | May Rudlin | 964 |  |  |
|  | Ind. Residents | G. Reynolds | 912 |  |  |
|  | Labour | A. Lesslie | 895 |  |  |
|  | Ind. Residents | F. Banning | 738 |  |  |
|  | Ind. Residents | R. Vickers | 735 |  |  |
|  | Independent | L. Lowe | 323 |  |  |
|  | Independent | L. Long | 295 |  |  |
|  | Liberal | L. Blows | 207 |  |  |
|  | Liberal | F. Tyson | 182 |  |  |
|  | Liberal | J. South | 175 |  |  |
| Turnout | | |  |  |  |
|  | Conservative **gain** from Labour | | Swing |  |  |
|  | Conservative **gain** from Labour | | Swing |  |  |
|  | Conservative **gain** from Labour | | Swing |  |  |

### 1964 election

The election took place on 7 May 1964.

1964 Havering London Borough Council election: South Hornchurch (3)
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **C. Seager** | **1,959** |  |  |
|  | **Labour** | **A. Booton** | **1,932** |  |  |
|  | **Labour** | **E. Hillman** | **1,925** |  |  |
|  | Independent | H. Webb | 1,357 |  |  |
|  | Independent | R. Manning | 1,340 |  |  |
|  | Independent | F. Parr | 1,334 |  |  |
| Turnout | | | 3,371 | 39.9 |  |
|  | Labour **win** (new seat) | | | | |
|  | Labour **win** (new seat) | | | | |
|  | Labour **win** (new seat) | | | | |

1. Heywood, Joe; Loftus, Caitlin (March 2023). "London Borough Council Elections: May 2022" (PDF). *London Datastore*. Greater London Authority. Retrieved 13 October 2023.
2. Colombeau, Joseph (October 2018). "London Borough Council Elections: 3 May 2018" (PDF). *London Datastore*. Greater London Authority. Retrieved 13 October 2023.
3. Minors, Michael; Grenham, Dennis (March 2007). "London Borough Council Elections: 4 May 2006" (PDF). *London Datastore*. Greater London Authority. Retrieved 13 October 2023.
4. "London Borough Council Elections: 4 May 1978" (PDF). *London Datastore*. Greater London Council. 1978. Retrieved 13 October 2023.
5. "London Borough Council Elections: 2 May 1974" (PDF). *London Datastore*. Greater London Council. 1974. Retrieved 13 October 2023.
6. "London Borough Council Elections: 13 May 1971" (PDF). *London Datastore*. Greater London Council. 1971. Retrieved 13 October 2023.
7. "London Borough Council Elections: 9 May 1968" (PDF). *London Datastore*. Greater London Council. April 1969. Retrieved 13 October 2023.
8. "London Borough Council Elections: 7 May 1964" (PDF). *London Datastore*. London County Council. November 1964. Retrieved 13 October 2023.

## InfoBox

| South Hornchurch | |
| --- | --- |
| Electoral ward<br>for the Havering London Borough Council | |
| South Hornchurch ward boundaries since 2022 | |
| Borough | Havering |
| County | Greater London |
| Population | 10,884 (2021) |
| Electorate | 7,402 (2022) |
| Major settlements | South Hornchurch |
| Area | 2.503 square kilometres (0.966 sq mi) |
| Current electoral ward | |
| Created | 1965 |
| Number of members | * 1965–2022: 3 * 2022–present: 2 |
| Councillors | * Natasha Summers * Graham Williamson |
| GSS code | E05013984 (2022–present) |


title: The Huntes upp

abstract: The Huntes upp is a sixteenth century ballad attributed to William Gray.

text:
# The Huntes upp

**The Huntes upp** is a sixteenth century ballad attributed to William Gray.

## Background

*The hunt is up* was commonly associated to any song that would be sung in the morning. Shakespeare employs it as such in *Romeo and Juliet* (act iii, sc. 5).

## Description

There is a keyboard version in C major by William Byrd. The work is included in two of the most important collections of keyboard music of the Renaissance, *My Ladye Nevells Booke* and the *Fitzwilliam Virginal Book*. The copying of *My Ladye Nevells Booke*, which contains a selection of Byrd's keyboard pieces, was completed in 1591. *The Huntes upp* is believed, on stylistic grounds, to be one of the earlier pieces in the collection

The piece has 11 variations on the songs *The Hunt is Up* and The Nine Muses. It is usually played on a harpsichord or piano and takes around 7 minutes.

## Lyrics

The lyrics are:

> The hunt is up, the hunt is up,
> And it is a well nigh daye;
> And Harry our King is gone hunting,
> To bring his deere to baye.
> The east is bright with morning light,
> And darkness it is fled,
> And the merie horn wakes up the morne
> To leave his idle bed.
> Beholde the skyes with golden dyes
> Are glowing all around,
> The grasse is greene, and so are the treene
> All laughing at the sound.
> The horses snort to be at the sport,
> The dogges are running free,
> The wooddes rejoyce at the mery noise
> Of hey tantara tee ree!
> The sunne is glad to see us clad,
> All in our lustie greene,
> And smiles in the skye as he riseth hye,
> To see and to be seen.
> Awake, all men, I say agen,
> Be mery as you maye,
> For Harry our King is gone hunting,
> to bring his deere to baye.

1. John Payne Collier (1848). "Extracts from the registers of the Stationers company of works entered for publication between the gears 1557 and 1570. With notes and illustrations by John Payne Collier". *Books.google.com*.


title: 1873 in Canada

abstract: Events from the year 1873 in Canada.

text:
# 1873 in Canada

Events from the year **1873 in Canada**.

## Incumbents

### Crown

### Federal government

### Provincial governments

#### Lieutenant governors

#### Premiers

### Territorial governments

#### Lieutenant governors

## Events

### January to June 1873

### July to December

## Sport

## Smallpox

In the opening speech to the 1872-1873 Epidemiological Society conference, Inspector-General Robert Lawson drew attention to the recent prevalence of haemorrhagic forms of smallpox in both the United States and Canada, among other countries. During the smallpox pandemic of 1870-1874, the disease had been carried to America by emigrants, where it had already infected thousands, and killed hundreds in eastern cities such as Boston and New York.

## Births

### January to June

### July to December

### Full date unknown

## Deaths

## Historical documents

Non-confidence moved in House of Commons over Government accepting election funding from group hoping to build CPR

Why the Governor General did not dismiss Prime Minister Macdonald over the Pacific Scandal

Metis leader Ambroise Lepine sentenced to death for the murder of Thomas Scott in 1870 at Red River

House of Commons speeches on issues with Indigenous people in the Northwest Territories

British Columbia Indian superintendent reports on the economic activity of Indigenous people

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Decades: |  |
| See also: |  |


title: Nissan CD engine

abstract: The Nissan CD engine is a diesel version of the Nissan CA engine that replaced the Nissan LD four-cylinder engine. They have a cast-iron block and alloy head. It was used from 1980 to the late 1990s until it was replaced by the Nissan YD engine.

text:
# Nissan CD engine

The **Nissan CD engine** is a diesel version of the Nissan CA engine that replaced the Nissan LD four-cylinder engine. They have a cast-iron block and alloy head. It was used from 1980 to the late 1990s until it was replaced by the Nissan YD engine.

## CD17

* 1.7 L (1,680 cc; 102.5 cu in), bore and stroke 80 mm × 83.6 mm (3.15 in × 3.29 in). Built to be as light as possible, the engine walls were made thinner by the use of fins where extra strength was needed, while lateral ribs helped reduce vibration and noise. A new, two-stage glowplug meant that even cold starting times were rarely more than a few seconds.

### CD17 (early)

61 PS (45 kW; 60 bhp) at 5000 rpm
10.6 kg⋅m (104 N⋅m; 77 lb⋅ft) at 2800 rpm

### CD17 (late)

55 PS (40 kW; 54 bhp) at 5000 rpm
10.6 kg⋅m (104 N⋅m; 77 lb⋅ft) at 2800 rpm

### CD17T

* Turbocharged

73 PS (54 kW; 72 bhp) DIN
14.8 kg⋅m (145 N⋅m; 107 lb⋅ft)

## CD20

* 2.0 L (1,973 cc)

76 PS (56 kW; 75 bhp) at 4800 rpm
13.5 kg⋅m (132 N⋅m; 98 lb⋅ft) at 2800 rpm

### CD20E

* Electronically controlled

76 PS (56 kW; 75 bhp) at 4800 rpm
13.5 kg⋅m (132 N⋅m; 98 lb⋅ft) at 2800 rpm

### CD20T

* Turbocharged

91 PS (67 kW; 90 bhp) at 4400 rpm
17.7 kg⋅m (174 N⋅m; 128 lb⋅ft) at 2400 rpm

### CD20Ti

* Turbocharged and intercooled

100 PS (74 kW; 99 bhp) at 4000 rpm
21 kg⋅m (210 N⋅m; 150 lb⋅ft) at 2400 rpm

### CD20ET1

* Electronically controlled and turbocharged

97 PS (71 kW; 96 bhp) at 4000 rpm
20 kg⋅m (200 N⋅m; 140 lb⋅ft) at 2400 rpm

### CD20ET2

* Electronically controlled and turbocharged

91 PS (67 kW; 90 bhp) at 4400 rpm
19.5 kg⋅m (191 N⋅m; 141 lb⋅ft) at 2400 rpm

### CD20ETi

* electronically controlled and turbocharged with intercooler

105 PS (77 kW; 104 bhp) at 4000 rpm
22.5 kg⋅m (221 N⋅m; 163 lb⋅ft) at 2000 rpm

List of Nissan engines

## InfoBox

| CD engine | |
| --- | --- |
| CD20T engine at the Nissan Engine Museum | |
| Overview | |
| Manufacturer | Nissan |
| Layout | |
| Displacement | 1.7–2.0 L (1,680–1,973 cc) |
| Cylinder bore | 80 mm (3.15 in) |
| Piston stroke | 83.6 mm (3.29 in) |
| Cylinder block material | Cast-iron |
| Cylinder head material | Alloy |
| Combustion | |
| Turbocharger | On some versions |
| Fuel type | Diesel |
| Cooling system | Water-cooled |
| Output | |
| Power output | 55–105 PS (40–77 kW; 54–104 bhp) |
| Torque output | 10.6–22.5 kg⋅m (104–221 N⋅m; 77–163 lb⋅ft) |
| Chronology | |
| Predecessor | Nissan L engine |
| Successor | Nissan YD engine |


title: Lü Peng (critic)

abstract: Lü Peng is a Chinese curator, critic and art historian. He has engaged extensively with Chinese modern and contemporary art for over thirty years. Lü Peng's Personal Website: luhistory.com.

text:
# Lü Peng (critic)

**Lü Peng** (Chinese: 吕澎, born 1956) is a Chinese curator, critic and art historian. He has engaged extensively with Chinese modern and contemporary art for over thirty years. Lü Peng's Personal Website: luhistory.com.

## Education

Lü was born in 1956 in Chongqing, Sichuan. He graduated from the Political Studies Department of Sichuan Normal University in 1982, and was awarded a PhD in Critical Art Theory from the China Academy of Art in 2004.

## Career

Lü was Editor in Chief of the journal *Theatre and Film* from 1982–85 and subsequently served as Vice-Secretary of the Sichuan Dramatists Society from 1986–90. He then held the position of Executive Editor at the magazine *Art & Market*. In 1992, he was Artistic Director of the Guangzhou Biennale (officially titled the First Guangzhou Biennial Art Fair). His curatorial work includes: “A Gift to Marco Polo” (an event for the Venice Biennale, 2009), which showcased eight of China’s most prominent contemporary artists; “Reshaping History” (Beijing, 2010), a large-scale exposition presenting more than one thousand works by nearly two hundred of the most innovative Chinese artists of the first decade of the 21st century; and “Pure Views: New Painting from China” (Louise Blouin Foundation, Frieze, London, 2010), “Pure Views: New Painting from China” (Asian Art Museum, San Francisco, 2011); and the 2011 Chengdu Biennale.

Lü is Director of the Museum of Contemporary Art Chengdu, Director of ChinART, the management agency of Chinese art institutions, and is Associate Professor of the Department of Art History and Theory at the China Academy of Art, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. He is a consulting authority for a number of Chinese government organisations and mainland Chinese companies.

In 2017, he took on the roles of the President of L-Art University, Professor of Sichuan Fine Arts Institute, and Xi'an Academy of Fine Arts.

## *A History of Art in 20th-century China*

The book *A History of Art in 20th-century China* is Lü Peng's monograph of modern Chinese art. In the preface, he confessed that he was influenced by many Western art history books and methodologies, while viewing and writing about Chinese art especially modern Chinese art in the age of globalisation, a set of localised theories was necessary:

> In the course of China’s reform and opening, I read Herbert Read’s Concise History of Western Painting (Frederick A. Praeger, New York 1959). As for H.H. Arnason’s History of Modern Art: Painting, Sculpture, Architecture (Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey 1978) and Ernest H. Gombrich’s The Story of Art (Phaidon Press Limited, 1983, 1984), I did not read them until a few years after graduation. These western works of art history had a big influence on me. But when confronting China’s ‘modern’ or ‘contemporary’ art, I felt the need to adopt a different method more suited to the subject. In view of the uniqueness of Chinese art and its context, I established a method of historical judgment based on a special background of politics, economics, culture and clashing civilizations. In my ‘Preface’ to the first Chinese edition I wrote of this in detail.

## Bibliography

* *Modern European Aesthetics of Painting* (Lingnan Fine Arts Press, 1989)
* *Modern Painting: New Imagery Language* (Shandong Literature and Art Press, 1987)
* *Art-Revelation of Man* (Lingnan Fine Arts Press, 1990)
* (with Yi Dan) *Twentieth-Century Art Culture* (Hunan Fine Arts Press, 1990)
* *Critique of Modern Art and Culture* (Sichuan Fine Arts Press, 1992);
* (with Yi Dan) *History of China Modern Art: 1979–1989* (Hunan Fine Arts Press, 1992)
* *Art Operation* (Chengdu Publishing House, 1994)
* *History of China Modern Art: 1990–1999* (Hunan Fine Arts Press, 2000)
* *Pure Views--Remote from Streams and Mountain: Chinese Landscape Painting in the 10th–13th Centuries* (Chinese People’s University Press, 2004);
* *A History of Art in Twentieth-Century China* (Peking University Press, 2006; New Star Press, 2013)
* *Artists in Art History* (Hunan Fine Arts Press, 2008)
* *The Story of “Art” in China* (Peking University Press, 2010)
* *A History of Art in China year by year \[from 1900 to 2010\]*, 2012, Chinese Young Publishing House
* *Documents of Chinese art in Twentieth Century: A Sourcebook* \[with Kong Lin-wei\], 2012

## InfoBox

| Lü Peng | |
| --- | --- |
| 吕澎 (in Chinese) | |
| Lü Peng in 2017 | |
| Born | 1956
Chengdu, Sichuan, China |
| Alma mater | Sichuan Normal University;
China Academy of Art |
| Occupations | * Art historian * author * curator * museum director |
| Employer(s) | Chengdu Museum of Contemporary Art;
China Academy of Art;
L-Art University;
Sichuan Fine Arts Institute;
Xi'an Academy of Fine Arts |
| Known for | Chengdu Biennale |


title: Vivienne Martin (actress)

abstract: Vivienne Ann Martin was a New Zealand-born character actress. She had a career in British television, radio, stage and film which spanned over 40 years. She was best known for her portrayal of Mrs Lillian Rudd in the radio sitcom King Street Junior, of which she starred for the entire series from 1985 to 1998. She also starred in the radio sitcom It Sticks Out Half a Mile as Miss Perkins, and in eleven episodes of The Dick Emery Show from 1974 to 1980. From 1994 to 1995, she appeared in three episodes of the sitcom As Time Goes By, in which she played secretary Gwen Flack.

text:
# Vivienne Martin (actress)

**Vivienne Ann Martin** (28 December 1930 – 22 January 2023) was a New Zealand-born character actress. She had a career in British television, radio, stage and film which spanned over 40 years. She was best known for her portrayal of Mrs Lillian Rudd in the radio sitcom *King Street Junior*, of which she starred for the entire series from 1985 to 1998. She also starred in the radio sitcom *It Sticks Out Half a Mile* as Miss Perkins, and in eleven episodes of *The Dick Emery Show* from 1974 to 1980. From 1994 to 1995, she appeared in three episodes of the sitcom *As Time Goes By*, in which she played secretary Gwen Flack.

## Early life and career

Martin was born in Kaitaia, New Zealand on 28 December 1930. In the early 1950s, after receiving a bursary from the New Zealand Government, Martin moved to England in order to take up acting. In 1967, after starring in a number of unsuccessful musical comedy stage productions, Martin decided to focus her acting career on television roles.

Martin's first on-screen appearance was in the 1954 film *The Belles of St Trinian's*, in which she played Arabella. She landed her first television role in 1957 with *The Benny Hill Show*, but her first regular role was in the 1958 television adaptation of *Pride and Prejudice*, in which she played Lydia Bennet.

Martin appeared in many sitcoms throughout her career. Her first regular sitcom role was in the 1961 musical sitcom *Moody In...*, followed by the 1971 six-episode television series *Keep It in the Family*. She appeared in the second series of the ITV sitcom *Up the Workers* in 1976, and had a starring role as Miss Perkins in *It Sticks Out Half a Mile*, the radio sequel to *Dad's Army*. She again played the same character, now called Miss Baxter, in the television adaptations of the series: *Walking the Planks* in 1985 and *High & Dry* in 1987.

Martin was best known in her role as Mrs Rudd in the radio sitcom *King Street Junior*. She appeared throughout the sitcom's entire run, from 1985 to 1998.

From 1994 to 1995, Martin appeared in three episodes of the British television sitcom *As Time Goes By*, in which she played secretary Gwen Flack.

## Personal life and death

In June 1976, Martin married British actor John Burgess; she was his third wife. Their marriage lasted just six weeks.

Martin died on 22 January 2023, at the age of 92. Her death was announced by the performing arts trade union Equity in their Spring/Summer 2023 magazine.

## Filmography

### Film and television

Sources:
| Year | *Title* | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1954 | *The Belles of St Trinian's* | Arabella | Film, first on-screen role |
| 1954 | *Aunt Clara* | Maid | Film, uncredited |
| 1954 | *Carrington V.C.* | Private Smith | Film, uncredited |
| 1955 | *As Long as They're Happy* | Kay | Film |
| 1955 | *The Water Gypsies* | Daisy Fig | Television film |
| 1955 | *Secret Venture* | Lola | Film |
| 1957 | *Town on Trial* |  | Film, uncredited |
| 1957–60 | *The Benny Hill Show* | Various | ATV series |
| 1958 | *Hancock's Half Hour* | Elizabeth | Episode: "Matrimony, Almost" |
| 1958 | *Pride and Prejudice* | Lydia Bennet | Five episodes |
| 1958 | *Rush Hour* |  | Episode: "Murder He Says" |
| 1960 | *Two-Way Stretch* | Fred's Wife | Film |
| 1960 | *Bootsie and Snudge* | Enid | Episode: "The Blind Date" |
| 1960 | *BBC Sunday-Night Play* | Fanny Marryot | Episode: "Tuppence in the Gods" |
| 1961 | *The Benny Hill Show* | Various | BBC series, Series 4 |
| 1961 | *Moody In...* | Various | Musical sitcom |
| 1961 | *Armchair Theatre* | Robbie | Episode: "Tune on the Old Tax Fiddle" |
| 1962 | *A Pair of Briefs* | Hotel Maid | Film, uncredited |
| 1963 | *Armchair Theatre* | Daphne Perkins | Episode: "Little Doris" |
| 1965 | *Public Eye* | Eileen Osborne | Episode: "And a Very Fine Fiddle Has He" |
| 1965 | *Undermind* | Dorothy | Episode: "The New Dimension" |
| 1967 | *Thirty-Minute Theatre* | Frankie One | Episode: "Boa Constrictor" |
| 1967 | *Before the Fringe* | Various | Four episodes |
| 1968 | *The Dickie Henderson Show* | Mrs Ashburton | Episode: "The Amateur Professional" |
| 1969 | *Playhouse* | Judy Jenkins | Episode: "The Beauty Operators" |
| 1970 | *Bachelor Father* | Mrs Moore | Episode: "A Spot of Natural Expression" |
| 1971 | *Keep It in the Family* | Yvonne Bannister |  |
| 1971 | *Please Sir!* | Miss Petting | Eight episodes |
| 1972 | *Dead of Night* | Jessie | Episode: "Two in the Morning" |
| 1974 | *Z-Cars* | Georgia Jones | Episode: "Certain Parties" |
| 1974–80 | *The Dick Emery Show* | Various | Eleven episodes |
| 1976 | *Up the Workers* | Mavis | Series 2 |
| 1979 | *Rings on Their Fingers* | Girl in Restaurant | Episode: "Anniversary Jig" |
| 1980 | *Angels* | Audrey Mears | Two episodes |
| 1980–81 | *The Good Companions* | Elsie Longstaff | Miniseries, nine episodes |
| 1982 | *Legacy of Murder* | Mrs Harper | Episode: "Holy Smoke" |
| 1982 | *The Further Adventures of Lucky Jim* | Lollipop Lady | Episode: "The Ties That Bing" |
| 1983 | *Spyship* | Mrs Franklin | Miniseries, three episodes |
| 1985 | *Walking the Planks* | Miss Baxter |  |
| 1986 | *Ever Decreasing Circles* | Diana Danby | Episode: "House to Let" |
| 1987 | *High & Dry* | Miss Baxter |  |
| 1987 | *Divided We Stand* | Edna | Five episodes |
| 1992 | *Garbo* | Bin Lady with Budgie | Film |
| 1993 | *The Bill* | Mrs Fuller | Episode: "Return to Sender" |
| 1993 | *Paul Merton: The Series* |  | Series 2, Episode 2 |
| 1994–95 | *As Time Goes By* | Gwen Flack | Three episodes |
| 1996 | *EastEnders* | Aunt Betty | One episode |

### Radio

Source:
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1967 | *Sam and Janet* | Janet Marshall |  |
| 1983–84 | *It Sticks Out Half a Mile* | Miss Perkins |  |
| 1985–98 | *King Street Junior* | Mrs Lillian Rudd |  |
| 2000 | *King Street Junior Revisited* | Mrs Lillian Rudd | Episode: "Centenary" |

### Theatre

Source:
| Year | Title | Theatre | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1963 | *Oliver!* | West End, London | Nancy |  |
| 1966 | *The Matchgirls* | Globe Theatre, London | Kate | Lead role |
| 1966 | *The Great Grimaldi* | Palace Theatre, Manchester |  |  |
| 1967 | *The Ballad of Queenie Swann* | Yvonne Arnaud Theatre, Guildford | Queenie Swann | Lead role |
| 1984 | *Little Me* | Prince of Wales Theatre, London | Mrs. Eggleston |  |

## InfoBox

| Vivienne Martin | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1930-12-28)28 December 1930<br>Kaitaia, New Zealand |
| Died | 22 January 2023(2023-01-22) (aged 92) |
| Occupation | Actress |
| Years active | 1950s–2000 |
| Notable work |  |
| Spouse | John Burgess (m. 1976) |


title: Nagakute Kosenjō Station

abstract: Nagakute Kosenjō Station Nagakute Kosenjō Station is a railway station in city of Nagakute, Aichi Prefecture, Japan operated by the Aichi Rapid Transit Company.

text:
# Nagakute Kosenjō Station

**Nagakute Kosenjō Station** (長久手古戦場駅, *Nagakute Kosenjō-eki*) is a railway station in city of Nagakute, Aichi Prefecture, Japan operated by the Aichi Rapid Transit Company.

## Lines

Nagakute Kosenjō Station is served by urban maglev Linimo line, and is located 3.4 kilometers from the starting point of the line at Fujigaoka.

## Layout

The station has one elevated island platform with the station building underneath. The station building has automated ticket machines, Manaca automated turnstiles and is staffed. The station is equipped with platform screen doors.

### Platforms

| **1** | Linimo | For Yakusa |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **2** | Linimo | For Fujigaoka |

## Adjacent stations

| « | | Service | » | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Linimo | | | | |
| Irigaike-kōen | | - | Geidai-dōri | |

## Station history

The station was opened on March 6, 2005.

## Passenger statistics

In fiscal 2017, the station was used by 6,888 passengers daily.

## Surrounding area

* Nagakute Historical Museum
* Chinoike Park

Media related to Nagakute Kosenjō Station at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

|
Nagakute Kosenjō Station
長久手古戦場駅 | |
| --- | --- |
| Aichi Rapid Transit station | |
| Nagakute Kosenjō Station | |
| General information | |
| Location | Yoko-dori 41, Nagakute-shi, Aichi-ken
Japan |
| Coordinates | 35°10′18″N 137°02′59″E / 35.1717°N 137.0498°E / 35.1717; 137.0498 |
| Line(s) | Linimo |
| Distance | 3.4 kilometers from Fujigaoka |
| Platforms | 1 island platform |
| Other information | |
| Status | Staffed |
| Station code | L04 |
| Website | Official website |
| History | |
| Opened | March 6, 2005 |
| Passengers | |
|  | |
| FY2017 | 6,888 |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location  Nagakute Kosenjō StationLocation within Aichi PrefectureNagakute Kosenjō StationNagakute Kosenjō Station (Japan) | |


title: Leticia Van de Putte

abstract:
Leticia Rosa Magdalena Aguilar Van de Putte
(née San Miguel; born December 6, 1954)
is an American politician from San Antonio, Texas. She represented the 26th District in the Texas Senate from 1999–2015. From 1991 to 1999, Van de Putte was a member of the Texas House of Representatives. In 2014, she was the Democratic nominee for lieutenant governor but lost the general election, 58-39 percent, to her Republican senatorial colleague, Dan Patrick of Houston. Following that defeat, she then resigned from the Texas Senate to run for mayor of San Antonio, which she narrowly lost to Ivy Taylor, 52-48 percent.

text:
# Leticia Van de Putte

**Leticia Rosa Magdalena Aguilar Van de Putte** (née San Miguel; born December 6, 1954) is an American politician from San Antonio, Texas. She represented the 26th District in the Texas Senate from 1999–2015. From 1991 to 1999, Van de Putte was a member of the Texas House of Representatives. In 2014, she was the Democratic nominee for lieutenant governor but lost the general election, 58-39 percent, to her Republican senatorial colleague, Dan Patrick of Houston. Following that defeat, she then resigned from the Texas Senate to run for mayor of San Antonio, which she narrowly lost to Ivy Taylor, 52-48 percent.

## Early life

Van de Putte was born **Leticia San Miguel** in Tacoma, Washington, the oldest of five children of Daniel and Isabel San Miguel, a sixth-generation Tejano family. Her father was stationed at Fort Lewis when she was born. The family returned to San Antonio, where she was subsequently reared. Van de Putte has six children and six grandchildren with her husband, Pete Van de Putte. She belongs to the Daughters of the Republic of Texas.

## Education and career as pharmacist

Van de Putte is a 1973 graduate of Thomas Jefferson High School in San Antonio. She was accepted to the University of Houston pharmacy program, following in the footsteps of her grandfather, who was also a pharmacist. After meeting her husband and getting married while in pharmacy school, she transferred to the University of Texas at Austin College of Pharmacy, from which she graduated in 1979.

Upon graduation, she worked for her grandfather's pharmacy before buying her own business in the Loma Park area of San Antonio. She currently works part-time at the Davila Pharmacy on San Antonio's West Side.

Van de Putte became a Kellogg Fellow at Harvard University's John F. Kennedy School of Government in 1993.

## Political career

### Texas House of Representatives

Van de Putte began her legislative career with her 1990 election to the Texas House of Representatives (District 115).

### Texas Senate

Van de Putte represented Texas Senate District 26, which consists of a large portion of San Antonio and Bexar County, from 1999–2015. She has represented the district ever since she won a special election to the Senate in 1999. In 2003, she was appointed Chair of the Texas Senate Democratic Caucus, a position she held until 2011. Van de Putte was appointed chair of the Veteran Affairs and Military Installations Committee in 2003, and was a member of the Senate Committees on Education, State Affairs, and Business and Commerce. She was also co-chair of the Joint Committee on Human Trafficking.

She considered running in the 2010 race for governor against Republican Rick Perry, but instead decided to run for re-election in the Texas Senate in June 2009.

On June 25, 2013, Wendy Davis held an 11-hour filibuster in an attempt to run out a special legislative session so that a vote could not be held on Texas Senate Bill 5. At about 15 minutes to midnight, Van de Putte confronted the Presiding Officer, State Senator Robert L. Duncan, a Republican from Lubbock, who she said had ignored her repeated motions earlier. Van de Putte asked him, "at what point must a female senator raise her hand or her voice to be recognized over the male colleagues in the room?" Her question was met with cheers and applause by some spectators in the gallery. The applause delayed the legislative session past the midnight deadline, effectively ending the legislative session without a vote on the bill. This bill was ultimately passed in a special session ordered by then Governor Rick Perry.

On January 8, 2013, she was elected President Pro Tempore of the Texas Senate's 83rd Regular Session.

Coinciding with her announcement to run for Mayor of San Antonio, Van de Putte resigned from the Senate once her successor Jose Menendez was elected, ending nearly 24 years of work at the Texas Capitol.

### National politics

At the national level, Van de Putte is an active and deeply involved member of many political organizations, including the National Assessment Governing Board, the American Legacy Foundation Board, and the National Conference of State Legislatures, of which she served as president from 2006 to 2007. In addition, she led the National Hispanic Caucus of State Legislators as president from 2003 to 2005.

In 2008, Van de Putte served as a co-chair of the 2008 Democratic National Convention along with Governor Kathleen Sebelius of Kansas and Atlanta, Georgia Mayor Shirley Franklin, while Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi served as permanent chair.

In 2016, she was selected as the chair of the 2016 Democratic National Convention rules committee. She endorsed Hillary Clinton in the 2016 presidential election.

### 2014 lieutenant governor campaign

In November 2013, Van de Putte announced that she would be running for lieutenant governor in the 2014 elections.

She ran unopposed in the Democratic primary but lost to Republican Dan Patrick in the general election.

### 2015 mayoral campaign

On November 19, 2014, Van de Putte announced her candidacy for Mayor of San Antonio in the 2015 mayoral election. After finishing first with 30% of the vote in the general election, Van de Putte qualified for the runoff election on 13 June 2015. Despite running a hard campaign, Van de Putte lost the runoff election 52-48 percent to Ivy Taylor.

## Election history

Uncontested primary elections are not shown.

### 2015

San Antonio Mayor, 2015
Regular election, 9 May 2015
| Candidate | | Votes | % | ± |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Leticia Van de Putte** | **25,982** | **30.43%** |  |
|  | **Ivy Taylor** | **24,245** | **28.40%** |  |
|  | Mike Villarreal | 22,246 | 26.06% |  |
|  | Tommy Adkisson | 8,344 | 9.77% |  |
|  | Paul Martinez | 1,877 | 2.20% |  |
|  | Cynthia Brehm | 1,497 | 1.75% |  |
|  | Douglas Emmett | 221 | 0.26% |  |
|  | Michael "Commander" Idrogo | 221 | 0.26% |  |
|  | Cynthia Cavazos | 201 | 0.24% |  |
|  | Raymond Zavala | 196 | 0.23% |  |
|  | Rhett Smith | 111 | 0.13% |  |
|  | Julie Iris Oldham (Mama Bexar) | 103 | 0.12% |  |
|  | Gerard Ponce | 97 | 0.11% |  |
|  | Pogo Mochello Reese | 29 | 0.03% |  |
| Turnout | | 85,370 | 11.89%\* |  |

* Vote percentage include all of Bexar County, with a total of 12,316 either voting in another municipal election or casting no ballot for San Antonio mayor.

San Antonio Mayor, 2015
Runoff election, June 13, 2015
| Candidate | | Votes | % | ± |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Ivy Taylor** | **50,659** | **51.70%** |  |
|  | Leticia Van de Putte | 47,328 | 48.30% |  |
| Turnout | | 97,987 | 14.12% |  |

### 2014

Texas lieutenant gubernatorial election, 2014
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **Dan Patrick** | **2,718,406** | **58.13** |
|  | Democratic | Leticia Van de Putte | 1,810,720 | 38.72 |
|  | Libertarian | Robert Butler | 119,581 | 2.55 |
|  | Green | Chandra Courtney | 27,651 | 0.59 |
| Majority | | | 907,686 | 19.41% |
| Total votes | | | **4,676,358** | **100** |
| Turnout | | |  | 33.34 |
|  | Republican **hold** | | | |

### 2012

Texas general election, 2012: Senate District 26
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Green | Chris Christal | 10,557 | 6.03 | +6.03 |
|  | Democratic | Leticia R. Van de Putte (Incumbent) | 140,757 | 80.42 | −1.02 |
|  | Libertarian | Nazirite R. Flores Perez | 22,904 | 13.08 | −5.47 |
|  | Independent | Deborah L. Parrish | 801 | 0.45 | +0.45 |
| Turnout | | | 175,019 |  | +4.11 |
|  | Democratic **hold** | | | | |

### 2008

Texas general election, 2008: Senate District 26
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Democratic | Leticia R. Van de Putte (Incumbent) | 136,913 | 81.44 | +24.34 |
|  | Libertarian | Steve Lopez | 31,194 | 18.55 | +15.69 |
| Majority | | | 105,719 | 62.89 | +45.83 |
| Turnout | | | 168,107 |  | −9.13 |
|  | Democratic **hold** | | | | |

### 2004

Texas general election, 2004: Senate District 26
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Republican | Jim Valdez | 74,070 | 40.04 | +40.04 |
|  | Democratic | Leticia R. Van de Putte (Incumbent) | 105,625 | 57.10 | −42.90 |
|  | Libertarian | Raymundo Alemán | 5,295 | 2.86 | +2.86 |
| Majority | | | 31,555 | 17.06 | −82.94 |
| Turnout | | | 184,990 |  | +149.44 |
|  | Democratic **hold** | | | | |

Democratic primary, 2004: Senate District 26
| Candidate | | Votes | % | ± |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Johnny Rodriguez | 3,685 | 18.06 |  |
|  | Leticia R. Van de Putte (Incumbent) | 16,723 | 81.94 |  |
| Majority | | 13,038 | 63.89 |  |
| Turnout | | 20,408 |  |  |

### 2002

Texas general election, 2002: Senate District 26
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Democratic | Leticia R. Van de Putte (Incumbent) | 74,163 | 100.00 | 0.00 |
| Majority | | | 74,163 | 100.00 | 0.00 |
| Turnout | | | 74,163 |  | −29.88 |
|  | Democratic **hold** | | | | |

### 2000

Texas general election, 2000: Senate District 26
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Democratic | Leticia R. Van de Putte (Incumbent) | 105,771 | 100.00 | +32.46 |
| Majority | | | 105,771 | 100.00 | +64.92 |
| Turnout | | | 105,771 |  | −16.86 |
|  | Democratic **hold** | | | | |

Democratic primary, 2000: Senate District 26
| Candidate | | Votes | % | ± |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | David McQuade Leibowitz | 11,232 | 45.63 |  |
|  | Leticia R. Van de Putte (Incumbent) | 13,381 | 54.37 |  |
| Majority | | 2,149 | 8.73 |  |
| Turnout | | 24,613 |  |  |

### 1999

Special election: Senate District 26, Unexpired term
November 2, 1999
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Democratic | Leo Alvarado Jr. | 12,473 | 21.02 |  |
|  | Democratic | Lauro Bustamante Jr. | 4,245 | 7.16 |  |
|  | Republican | Anne Newman | 6,768 | 11.41 |  |
|  | Democratic | Leticia Van de Putte | 27,139 | 45.74 |  |
|  | Republican | Mark Weber | 8,702 | 14.67 |  |
| Turnout | | | 59,327 |  |  |
|  | Democratic **hold** | | | | |

## InfoBox

| Leticia Van de Putte | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Member of the Texas Senate
from the 26th district | |
| **In office**
November 10, 1999  March 4, 2015 | |
| Preceded by | Gregory Luna |
| Succeeded by | Jose Menendez |
| Member of the Texas House of Representatives
from the 115th district | |
| **In office**
January 8, 1991  November 9, 1999 | |
| Preceded by | Orlando Luis Garcia |
| Succeeded by | Mike Villarreal |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Leticia Rosa Magdalena Aguilar San Miguel
(1954-12-06) December 6, 1954
Tacoma, Washington, U.S. |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse | Pete Van de Putte |
| Children | 6 |
| Education | University of Houston
University of Texas, Austin (BS) |
| Website | Campaign website |
|  | |


title: South Hornsey

abstract: South Hornsey was a local government district in Middlesex, England from 1865 to 1900. The district was formed in 1865 when the Local Government Act 1858 was adopted in the southern part of the parish of Hornsey. South Hornsey Local Board was formed to govern the area. The majority of the district consisted of the Brownswood Park area south east of Finsbury Park. There were also two detached portions with a total area of 60 acres (240,000 m⁲) which were surrounded by the parishes of Stoke Newington and Islington. Under the Local Government Act 1888, Islington and Stoke Newington became part of the County of London, and the outlying parts of South Hornsey became exclaves of Middlesex within the new county. The Local Government Act 1894 reconstituted the area as an urban district, and South Hornsey Urban District Council replaced the local board. South Hornsey became a separate civil parish at the same time. The London Government Act 1899 divided the County of London into metropolitan boroughs and provided for boundary revisions to provide more effective administration. Accordingly, South Hornsey Urban District was abolished in 1900, with the bulk of its area included in the Metropolitan Borough of Stoke Newington, and a small unpopulated part to the neighbouring Borough of Islington. The records of South Hornsey Local Board and Urban District are held by the archives department of the London Borough of Hackney.

text:
# South Hornsey

**South Hornsey** was a local government district in Middlesex, England from 1865 to 1900.

The district was formed in 1865 when the Local Government Act 1858 was adopted in the southern part of the parish of Hornsey. **South Hornsey Local Board** was formed to govern the area.

The majority of the district (172 acres) consisted of the Brownswood Park area south east of Finsbury Park. There were also two detached portions with a total area of 60 acres (240,000 m2) which were surrounded by the parishes of Stoke Newington and Islington. Under the Local Government Act 1888, Islington and Stoke Newington became part of the County of London, and the outlying parts of South Hornsey became exclaves of Middlesex within the new county.

The Local Government Act 1894 reconstituted the area as an urban district, and **South Hornsey Urban District Council** replaced the local board. South Hornsey became a separate civil parish at the same time.

The London Government Act 1899 divided the County of London into metropolitan boroughs and provided for boundary revisions to provide more effective administration. Accordingly, South Hornsey Urban District was abolished in 1900, with the bulk of its area included in the Metropolitan Borough of Stoke Newington (with a population of 16,703), and a small unpopulated part to the neighbouring Borough of Islington.

The records of South Hornsey Local Board and Urban District are held by the archives department of the London Borough of Hackney.

51°34.2′N 0°5.5′W / 51.5700°N 0.0917°W / 51.5700; -0.0917

## InfoBox

| South Hornsey | |
| --- | --- |
| Population |  |
| 1891 | 16,892 |
| 1901 | 16,703 |
|  | |
| History |  |
| Origin | Part of Hornsey parish |
| Created | 1865 |
| Abolished | 1900 |
| Succeeded by | Metropolitan Borough of Stoke Newington |
|  | |
| Status | Local government district (1865—1894)
Urban district (1894—1900)
Civil parish (1894—1900) |
| Government | South Hornsey Urban District Council |
| HQ | Council Offices, Milton Grove |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: The Headies Award for Viewer's Choice

abstract: The Headies Award for Viewer's Choice is an award presented at The Headies, a ceremony that was established in 2006 and originally called the Hip Hop World Awards. It was first presented to Wizkid in 2018.

text:
# The Headies Award for Viewer's Choice

The **Headies Award for Viewer's Choice** is an award presented at The Headies, a ceremony that was established in 2006 and originally called the Hip Hop World Awards. It was first presented to Wizkid in 2018.

## Recipients

| Viewer's Choice | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Year | Nominees | Result |
| 2020 | **Wizkid** | Won |
| | Davido | Nominated |
| | Omah Lay | Nominated |
| | Burna Boy | Nominated |
| | Falz | Nominated |
| | Fireboy DML | Nominated |
| | Mayorkun | Nominated |
| | DJ Neptune | Nominated |
| 2019 | Teni | Won |
| | Mr Eazi | Nominated |
| | Fireboy DML | Nominated |
| | Joeboy | Nominated |
| | Rema | Nominated |
| | Burna Boy | Nominated |
| | Wizkid | Nominated |
| | Davido | Nominated |
| 2018 | Wizkid – "Come Closer" (featuring Drake) | Won |
| | Davido – "If" | Nominated |
| | Olamide – "Wo" | Nominated |
| | Runtown – "Mad Over You" | Nominated |
| | Kizz Daniel – "Yeba" | Nominated |
| | Tekno – "Yawa" | Nominated |

## Category records

**Most wins**

| Rank | 1st |
| --- | --- |
| Artist | Wizkid
Teni |
| Total wins | 1 win |

**Most nominations**

| Rank | 1st |
| --- | --- |
| Artist | Wizkid
Davido |
| Total noms | 2 nominations |

## InfoBox

| The Headies Award for Viewer's Choice | |
| --- | --- |
| Awarded for | Most digital tractions (downloads, views, streams) in the year under review |
| Country | Nigeria |
| Presented by | *Hip Hop World Magazine* |
| First awarded | 2018 |
| Website | theheadies.com |


abstract:
The Van de Velde maps of Palestine and Jerusalem were an important scientific mapping of the region of Palestine and mapping of Jerusalem, published in 1858 by Dutch cartographer Charles William Meredith van de Velde. The surveys were carried out by Van de Velde during his 1851 visit to Palestine, where he carried out various surveys, drawings, paintings and around one hundred watercolours for postcards. After his trip, he held lectures on Palestine in Geneva and Lausanne. Together with the maps, Van de Velde published an album of 100 lithographs of the region. Van de Velde met Titus Tobler in Switzerland in 1855, where they agreed to make a new map of Jerusalem based on combining Tobler's own measurements with the flawed Royal Engineers map of 1840–41. Tobler published a 26-page memoir to accompany the map. The map was published in 1858 ahead of his later Map of the Holy Land.
Van de Velde carried out the work alone with a 7-inch surveyor’s compass, without theodolites and without making astronomical observations. Despite this, his map was considered the most accurate made at the time. When he returned from his trip to Palestine, he was able to obtain the 1840 Royal Engineers’ survey data, and used this in the production of this maps. Given the known flaws in the work, Van de Velde used the Royal Engineers’ raw data to construct his map, cross-comparing the data with his work as well as all known previous geographical and cartographical knowledge. Yehoshua Ben-Arieh stated that: “Ritter’s writing and Van de Velde’s map together may be considered the crowning achievements of fifty years exploration and research in the geography of Palestine.” Faehndrich wrote that: “Van de Velde’s map represented the complete body of Western geographical knowledge on Palestine, critically compiled, then verified on site and completed by his own measurements and his own (physical) experience, including the hardships needed to make a scientific map”. 4,409 copies of the regional maps and 612 copies of the Jerusalem map were sold between 1858 and 1877.

text:
# 1858 Van de Velde maps of Palestine and Jerusalem

The **Van de Velde maps of Palestine and Jerusalem** were an important scientific mapping of the region of Palestine and mapping of Jerusalem, published in 1858 by Dutch cartographer Charles William Meredith van de Velde.

The surveys were carried out by Van de Velde during his 1851 visit to Palestine, where he carried out various surveys, drawings, paintings and around one hundred watercolours for postcards.

After his trip, he held lectures on Palestine in Geneva and Lausanne.

Together with the maps, Van de Velde published an album of 100 lithographs of the region.

Van de Velde met Titus Tobler in Switzerland in 1855, where they agreed to make a new map of Jerusalem based on combining Tobler's own measurements with the flawed Royal Engineers map of 1840–41. Tobler published a 26-page memoir to accompany the map.

The map was published in 1858 ahead of his later Map of the Holy Land. Van de Velde carried out the work alone with a 7-inch surveyor’s compass, without theodolites (which required multiple people to operate) and without making astronomical observations (which required significant time). Despite this, his map was considered the most accurate made at the time.

When he returned from his trip to Palestine, he was able to obtain the 1840 Royal Engineers’ survey data, and used this in the production of this maps. Given the known flaws in the work, Van de Velde used the Royal Engineers’ raw data to construct his map, cross-comparing the data with his work as well as all known previous geographical and cartographical knowledge.

Yehoshua Ben-Arieh stated that: “Ritter’s writing and Van de Velde’s map together may be considered the crowning achievements of fifty years exploration and research in the geography of Palestine.”

Faehndrich wrote that: “Van de Velde’s map represented the complete body of Western geographical knowledge on Palestine, critically compiled, then verified on site and completed by his own measurements and his own (physical) experience, including the hardships needed to make a scientific map”.

4,409 copies of the regional maps and 612 copies of the Jerusalem map were sold between 1858 and 1877.

### Views

### Composite Maps

### Regional Maps

| A | B |
| --- | --- |
|
|  |  | 1 |
|  |  | 2 |
|  |  | 3 |
|  |  | 4 |
| *Each sheet is a separate clickable image.* | |

## Bibliography

### Primary sources

* Tobler, Titus (1858). *Planography of Jerusalem: memoir to accompany the new ground-plan of the city of Jerusalem and the environs, constructed anew by C.W.M. Vande Velde*. Justus Perthes.
* Van de Velde, Carel Willem Meredith (1858). *Memoir to Accompany the Map of the Holy Land*. Justus Perthes.

### Secondary sources

## InfoBox

| 1858 Van de Velde maps of Palestine and Jerusalem | |
| --- | --- |
| Composite map of Palestine | |
| Created | 1851–52 |
| Author(s) | Charles William Meredith van de Velde |


title: Nissan Caball

abstract: The Nissan Caball is a light commercial truck manufactured by Nissan Motors from December 1957 until December 1981. The Caball was mainly sold in Japan, Hong Kong, South East Asian countries, Australia, New Zealand, and few European countries and shared the Nissan Junior platform. While the Caball name came to an end in 1981 with the cancellation of the Junior, its larger replacement received the Nissan Atlas name in the domestic Japanese market. These are 2–4 ton trucks, the lighter versions in the Atlas truck range took over after the lesser Cabstar/Homer. In Japan, it was available at Nissan Store locations and replaced by the Nissan Atlas.

text:
# Nissan Caball

The **Nissan Caball** is a light commercial truck manufactured by Nissan Motors from December 1957 until December 1981. The Caball was mainly sold in Japan, Hong Kong, South East Asian countries, Australia, New Zealand, and few European countries and shared the Nissan Junior platform. While the Caball name came to an end in 1981 with the cancellation of the Junior, its larger replacement received the Nissan Atlas name in the domestic Japanese market (Cabstar in the export). These are 2–4 ton trucks, the lighter versions in the Atlas truck range took over after the lesser Cabstar/Homer. In Japan, it was available at *Nissan Store* locations and replaced by the Nissan Atlas.

## Nissan Type 80

The "Type 80" was the first cab-over truck that Nissan produced. It was built between 1937 and 1941, during the time when Nissan was under a joint venture with American Graham-Paige. Thus, the Type 80 shared a modified version of the chassis from the Nissan Type 70 sedan (A copy of the Graham-Paige Crusader) but was lengthened and made heavier. Its cab design was patterned after the Federal COE truck of the same period.

As it was a truck, the Graham-Paige rear axle was not enough to support the payload the truck was going to be subjected to (around 2-3 tons) so it was replaced by a locally built heavy-duty rear axle. Apart from the standard platform truck, it was also available in many other body styles such as a van, fire truck and bus. The truck was utilized by the military during the Second World War, alongside other models from Toyota and Mitsubishi.

Nissan would not produce another cab-over truck until 1957.

## First generation (C40)

First appearing in December 1957, the Nissan Junior Caball began as a cab-over version of the B40-series Nissan Junior. Like the Junior, the Junior Caball used the 1.5 L (1,489 cc) "1H" four-cylinder engine, developing 50 PS (37 kW) at 4,400 rpm. In August 1958 the **C42** version was released (the C41 designation was skipped), with power up to 57 PS (42 kW). The **C43** was released in 1959 with a new grille design that was larger and filled the space between the headlights. The cabin air intake used on the C40 and C42 was gone, with cabin air directed through the grille itself. Also gone was the interior floor hump, the C43 now featured a flat cabin floor in front of the seat. The cabover approach was used because of Japanese Government dimension regulations, which dictate how long a vehicle can be and how wide so as to stay within favorable annual road tax obligations.

## Second generation (C140)

The **C140** was introduced in April 1960 and continued in production until replaced by the C240 series six years later. While almost identical in appearance to the C40, it featured an all-new 1.5-litre G-series engine also seen in the Cedric. Power was up to 71 PS (52 kW) at 5,000 rpm. There was also a bus version called the Echo (GC140), which was introduced a month before the Caball. This was the first Caball to see export markets outside of Asia, reaching a certain level of success in Australian and Central American markets. There were also VC140 (van) and KC140 (microbus) versions available.

In 1962 the **C141** Caball was introduced, which is when the "Junior" part of the name was dropped and the truck simply became the "Nissan Caball". Like the C40 and C140, the C141 is based on the Junior 40 pickup. While the 1.5-litre "G" engine remained available, the main engine was now the 1,883 cc H engine, offering 85 PS (63 kW). In 1963 the Caball underwent a major change, with the front sheetmetal replaced and with a more bulging, "droopy-eyed" appearance. There was also a QC141 version available, featuring a 2,164 cc SD22 diesel engine producing 70 PS (51 kW). Now based on the Junior 41 pickup, the **C142** was released in late 1965 with few changes from the C141, with the "1900" badge replaced with a "2000" badge. The grille and mirrors were also different. The G and H engines were replaced by the 1,982 cc H20 engine, with 99 hp (74 kW). This was the last Nissan vehicle where the doors were hinged at the rear.

## Third generation (C240)

The third generation Caball first appeared in August 1966. The exterior was redesigned with a more modern look with quad headlights, and for the first time, front-hinged doors. The interior was designed for Americans in mind, and could comfortably seat three even though it wasn't sold in North America. The C240 used the same engines as the C142. In 1969, the grille was changed. The badge on the front featured a wing-shape with a huge letter "N" in the middle and "Caball" in smaller writing below the N (this badge is similar to the one used on the C80). On the passenger side just above the headlight was a "G4" badge (gas model) or a "D4" badge (diesel model). The "Echo" bus version (GC240) was also available.

## Fourth generation (C340)

The fourth and last generation Caball was introduced in May 1976 and was discontinued without a direct successor in late 1981. This generation was also marketed as the Nissan Clipper, a nameplate acquired with Nissan's takeover of the Prince Motor Company. The Clipper was sold through Prince stores, while the Caball was sold through the Nissan Motor sales network. Between 1979 and 1981 Nissan Diesel (UD) also had a version called the **Bison**, sold through their stores. The C340 used the cab and chassis of the preceding C240, but received a different front treatment and was somewhat longer. This model was also assembled in South Africa. Engines were the trusty two-liter H20 and the three-liter ED30 diesel. Power outputs are 72 and 63 kW (98 and 86 PS; 97 and 84 hp) respectively. In June 1980 the larger ED33 diesel arrived, with glowplugs for increased ease of operations and afterglow to help lower pollution.

## InfoBox

| Nissan Caball | |
| --- | --- |
| 1982 Nissan Caball | |
| Overview | |
| Manufacturer | Nissan |
| Production | 1957–1983 |
| Body and chassis | |
| Class | Medium-duty truck |
| Layout | Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive |
| Chronology | |
| Predecessor | Nissan Type 80 |
| Successor | Nissan Atlas |