title: William Crean

abstract: William Crean is an Irish Roman Catholic prelate who has served as Bishop of Cloyne and chairperson of Trócaire since 2013.

text:
# William Crean

| Styles of
**William Crean** | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Reference style | The Most Reverend |
| Spoken style | Your Grace |
| Religious style | Bishop |

**William Crean** (born 16 December 1951) is an Irish Roman Catholic prelate who has served as Bishop of Cloyne and chairperson of Trócaire since 2013.

## Early life and education

Crean was born in Tralee, County Kerry on 16 December 1951, one of eight children to Patrick Crean and his wife Margaret (née O’Donnell). He attended primary and secondary school in Tralee and at St Brendan's College, Killarney, before studying for the priesthood at St Patrick's College, Maynooth, where he completed a Bachelor of Arts in philosophy, and at the Pontifical Irish College, where he completed a Bachelor of Divinity at the Pontifical Gregorian University.

Crean was ordained to the priesthood for the Diocese of Kerry on 20 June 1976.

## Presbyteral ministry

Following ordination, Crean returned to Rome for further studies at the Pontifical Gregorian University, completing a Licentiate of Sacred Theology in 1977. He returned to the Diocese of Kerry in 1977 for his first pastoral appointment, as catechist and chaplain in Killorglin.

Creane was appointed curate in Glenbeigh in 1980, and subsequently chaplain to the comprehensive school in Tarbert in 1983. He completed a diploma in religious education at Mount Oliver Institute of Education, Dundalk, in 1987, before he was appointed director of the John Paul II Pastoral Centre in Killarney, as well as diocesan advisor to secondary schools and director of adult religious education. It was during this time that Crean also served as a founding director of Radio Kerry, representing the Ardfert Christian Media Trust, a joint shareholding by the Catholic Church and the Church of Ireland, as well as chairperson of the Adult Religious Education National Association (ARENA) and on the national executive of the National Conference of Priests of Ireland.

Crean returned to pastoral ministry in 1996, when he was appointed curate in Killorglin for two years, before undertaking sabbatical studies at Weston School of Theology in Boston, Massachusetts, completing a Master of Sacred Theology. He returned to the Diocese of Kerry in 1999, where he was appointed parish priest in Castlegregory, and subsequently in Cahersiveen in 2006.

## Episcopal ministry

Crean was appointed Bishop-elect of Cloyne by Pope Benedict XVI on 24 November 2012. He was consecrated by the Apostolic Nuncio to Ireland and titular archbishop of Aquileia, Charles John Brown, on 27 January 2013 in St Colman's Cathedral, Cobh.

Crean was appointed chairperson of Trócaire on 22 June 2013.

In his Christmas message in 2013, he warned that despite the recent departure of the EU/IMF troika, great hardship continues to be inflicted on vulnerable families and schools in Ireland. Crean called on political leaders to redress austerity measures taken during the European debt crisis or risk of reaping "a very negative social harvest in Irish society".

In advance of a referendum on liberalising abortion laws on 25 May 2018, Crean said in a pastoral letter that while he believed that individual personal experiences faced by women and their partners can be "sad and painful", he described the prospect of a "culture of abortion as a routine medical procedure” developing in Ireland as "horrendous".

In a homily for the church's Day for Life in October 2020, he criticised the timing of a bill introduced to the Oireachtas legislating for the legalisation of assisted suicide and euthanasia, calling it "disingenuous and unnecessary", adding that assisting in suicide would not only be "a false exercise of compassion", but also that tolerating its practice would be "flawed in its moral judgement".

In an interview with *The Irish Times* on 13 March 2023 reflecting on the tenth anniversary of the election of Pope Francis, Crean described him as "a disrupter in the interest of renewal", adding that Francis will be seen in future as a "prophetic figure".

## InfoBox

| The Most Reverend
William Crean
STL STM | |
| --- | --- |
| Bishop of Cloyne | |
|  | |
| Church | Roman Catholic |
| Diocese | Cloyne |
| Appointed | 25 November 2012 |
| Installed | 27 January 2013 |
| Predecessor | John Magee |
| Other post(s) | Chairperson of Trócaire |
| Previous post(s) | Parish priest of Cahersiveen and Castlegregory
Chairperson of the Adult Religious Education National Association
Director of the John Paul II Pastoral Centre, Killarney
Advisor to Post-Primary Schools and Director of Adult Religious Education for the Diocese of Kerry
Chaplain at Tarbert Comprehensive School |
| Orders | |
| Ordination | 20 June 1976
by Eamonn Casey |
| Consecration | 27 January 2013
by Charles John Brown |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1951-12-16) 16 December 1951
Tralee, County Kerry, Ireland |
| Parents | Patrick and Margaret Crean |
| Alma mater | Weston School of Theology
Mount Oliver Institute of Education
Pontifical Gregorian University
St Patrick’s College, Maynooth |
| Motto | *Croí le brí nua*
(Heart with new vitality) |
| Coat of arms |  |


title: Wild Britain with Ray Mears

abstract: Wild Britain with Ray Mears is a television series hosted by Ray Mears. He explores some of Britain's more inaccessible countryside to discover wildlife.

text:
# Wild Britain with Ray Mears

***Wild Britain with Ray Mears*** is a television series hosted by Ray Mears. He explores some of Britain's more inaccessible countryside to discover wildlife.

## Episodes

### Series 1

| Episode | Location | Original Air Date | Viewers
(millions) | Weekly Rank |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **1** | Deciduous Forest | 11 October 2010 | 3.51 | 28 |
| **2** | Shingle Shore | 18 October 2010 | 3.34 | 28 |
| **3** | Breckland | 1 November 2010 | Under 3.35 | Outside Top 30 |
| **4** | Heather Moorlands And Highlands | 8 November 2010 | 3.67 | 27 |
| **5** | Wetlands | 15 November 2010 | 3.52 | 30 |
| **6** | Hay Meadow | 22 November 2010 | Under 3.58 | Outside Top 30 |
|

### Series 2

| Episode | Location | Original Air Date | Viewers
(millions) | Weekly Rank |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **1** | Caledonian Pine Forest | 14 October 2011 | 2.94 | 27 |
| **2** | Skomer | 21 October 2011 | Under 3.02 | Outside Top 30 |
| **3** | Chalk | 28 October 2011 | Under 3.08 | Outside Top 30 |
| **4** | Lowland River | 4 November 2011 | 3.13 | 25 |
| **5** | Sea Loch | 11 November 2011 | Under 3.22 | Outside Top 30 |
| **6** | Ancient Forest | 18 November 2011 | Under 3.16 | Outside Top 30 |
| **7** | Flow Country | 25 November 2011 | Under 2.91 | Outside Top 30 |
| **8** | Broadland | 2 December 2011 | Under 3 | Outside Top 30 |
| **9** | Mountain & Moorland | 9 December 2011 | Under 2.96 | Outside Top 30 |
| **10** | Compilation episode — Best of Series 2 | 16 December 2011 | 2.84 | 28 |
|

### Series 3

| Episode | Location | Original Air Date | Viewers
(millions) | ITV Weekly Rank |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **1** | Isle of Mull | 4 January 2013 | Under 3.09 | Outside Top 30 |
| **2** | Isle of Wight | 11 January 2013 | Under 3.42 | Outside Top 30 |
| **3** | Yorkshire Dales | 18 January 2013 | Under 3.42 | Outside Top 30 |
| **4** | Salisbury Plain | 25 January 2013 | Under 3.42 | Outside Top 30 |
| **5** | River Wye | 1 February 2013 | Under 3.25 | Outside Top 30 |
| **6** | The Celtic Rainforest | 8 February 2013 | Under 3.24 | Outside Top 30 |
| **7** | Isle of Wight | 15 February 2013 | Under 3.09 | Outside Top 30 |
| **8** | Isle of Scilly | 22 February 2013 | Under 3.31 | Outside Top 30 |
| **9** | The Weald | 1 March 2013 | Under 2.96 | Outside Top 30 |
| **10** | Compilation episode — Best of Series 3 | 8 March 2013 | Under 3.01 | Outside Top 30 |
|

## InfoBox

| *Wild Britain with Ray Mears* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Created by | Ray Mears |
| Presented by | Ray Mears |
| Country of origin | United Kingdom |
| Original language | English |
| No. of series | 3 |
| No. of episodes | 26 |
| Production | |
| Running time | 30 minutes |
| Production company | ITV Studios / UKTV |
| Original release | |
| Network | ITV;
Eden |
| Release | 11 October 2010 (2010-10-11)
8 March 2013 (2013-03-08) |
| Related | |
|  | |


title: Wilhelm Müller (handballer)

abstract: Wilhelm Müller was a German field handball player who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics. He was part of the German field handball team, which won the gold medal. He played two matches.

text:
# Wilhelm Müller (handballer)

**Wilhelm Müller** (5 December 1909 – 22 February 1984) was a German field handball player who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics.

He was part of the German field handball team, which won the gold medal. He played two matches.

## InfoBox

Wilhelm Müller
| Medal record | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Men's field handball | | |
| Representing  Germany | | |
| Olympic Games | | |
|  | 1936 Berlin | Team competition |


title: William Edward Petty Hartnell

abstract: William Edward Petty Hartnell, later known by his Spanish name Don Guillermo Arnel, was a merchant, schoolmaster, and government official in California. He arrived in California in 1822 as a trader, where he married into the prominent Guerra family of California and became a Mexican citizen. He held several public roles during the Mexican era and after the American Conquest of California, notably serving as the official translator at the Monterey Constitutional Convention.

text:
# William Edward Petty Hartnell

**William Edward Petty Hartnell** (April 24, 1798 – February 2, 1854), later known by his Spanish name **Don Guillermo Arnel**, was a merchant, schoolmaster, and government official in California. He arrived in California in 1822 as a trader, where he married into the prominent Guerra family of California and became a Mexican citizen. He held several public roles during the Mexican era and after the American Conquest of California, notably serving as the official translator at the Monterey Constitutional Convention.

## Early life

William Petty Hartnell was born to a middle-class family in Lancaster, England in 1798. His father died in 1807 when he was eight years old. His mother, who was from an affluent Westmorland family.

Hartnell attended the College of Commerce in Bremen, Germany and then went to Chile in 1819 to work in the Santiago office of John Begg & Co., a firm where another uncle, Edward Petty, had helped him secure a job. With the waning of Spanish power in the region, the Scottish trading company gradually expanded its commercial activities from Valparaíso to Callao and other ports on the northern Pacific coast of South America. A colleague, Hugh McCulloch, persuaded him to become partners in a California hide trade venture, with backing from their employer John Begg. They established a new trading company in 1822 called McCulloch and Hartnell, commonly called Macala y Arnel. It was at this time that he adopted the named "Arnel," as it was easier for the Spanish language-speaking residents to pronounce.

## Arrival in Alta California

The pair arrived in Monterey in 1822, the first foreign traders to arrive there since Mexico obtained its independence from Spanish rule in 1821, and after obtaining permission from Governor Pablo Vicente de Solá to permit them as British subjects to do business and live in Alta California they visited the Californian missions and signed an exclusive trading contract with the majority of them for three years from the beginning of January 1823. The contract obliged them to take 25,000 arrobas of tallow yearly and as many cattle hides as the missions could provide. Hartnell served as resident manager in California, while McCulloch managed the business overall from Callao. In 1823, Macala Y Arnel established the Casa de San Pedro, a hide house in the port of San Pedro, which they later sold in 1829.

After overcoming early problems with the quality of shipments, the venture was profitable by 1825. However, as their exclusive contract ended in the same year, they faced competition from American merchants. Their financial backer, John Begg, also began to suffer trading difficulties and after a meeting of the three partners in Lima the partnership was dissolved in 1828. There was a deficit of nearly $30,000 and Hartnell struggled to repay his substantial share of this, with McCulloch still seeking payment from Hartnell in 1831.Hartnell finally received his discharge from his liability to Begg and McCulloch in 1833, after Scottish trader Dr. Stephen Anderson agreed to take on the responsibility for the debts in return for the goodwill of Hartnell's business in California.

## Marriage

After learning that his benefactor uncle, from whom he had stolen money, was in straitened circumstances and poor health Hartnell suffered a crisis of conscience and began drinking heavily. A Catholic priest, Father Luis Martínez, helped him through these times, and as a result, Hartnell converted to Catholicism. He was baptized on October 13, 1824, and at the same time he added his uncle's name to his own. On April 30, 1825, Hartnell married 16-year-old Maria Teresa de la Guerra, daughter of Don José de la Guerra y Noriega, patriarch of the Guerra family of California and one of the richest and most influential men in Southern California. They moved to Monterey in June. During their twenty-five years of marriage, they had twenty sons and five daughters. One son was named Nathaniel after Hartnell's younger brother who was an artist of some note in England. During this time, he also served as a tutor to prominent families in the area, with Juan Bautista Alvarado and Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo as two of his more notable charges.

## Occupations

In 1832 Hartnell was elected leader of the *Compañia de Extranjeros*, a militia of foreign residents, formed at the request of Commandant Agustín V. Zamorano to maintain order in Monterey during unrest and disturbances.

He became a Mexican citizen in 1830, making him eligible to own land. By May 1833, he was no longer involved in the hide and tallow business and he was looking for a new venture. He entered into partnership with Feliciano and Mariano Soberanes, taking control of Rancho El Alisal in December, 1833.

During the 1820's, Hartnell maintained communication with representatives of the Russian-American Company, having acted as an intermediary between them and the Mexican authorities on several occasions. In August 1833, Hartnell was invited to visit Fort Ross on the North Coast, to discuss formally becoming a representative of Russian interests in Alta California, however nothing came of the discussions.

On December 10, 1833, he announced he was opening a school named "El Seminario del Patrocínio de San José" or "Colegio de San José" (for short), hoping to make a living as a schoolmaster. This school was financially supported by José Figueroa, the Governor of Alta California. Classes were initially held in Hartnell's house, but later moved to other buildings on Rancho El Alisal. Catholic priest Patrick Short taught at the school. It was shut down in 1836 after the death of Governor Figueroa. An 1836 census that Hartnell was employed to undertake shows that the school had thirteen students at that time, between the ages of 8 and 16.

Hartnell later held several municipal and government posts including regidor, collector of taxes and customs duties, tithe collector and court clerk. He was also appointed Inspector of the Missions in January 1839 but encountered opposition from administrators, Zacatecan padres, military officials and rancheros which led to his resignation from the post in September 1840. Whilst carrying out his inspection at Mission San Rafael Arcángel, he was arrested by his former pupil Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo who accused him of interfering in matters concerning the northern frontier without his consent.

In 1841, he was granted Rancho Todos Santos y San Antonio by Alvarado. He sold Rancho El Alisal to Alvarado in 1841, and moved with his family to Santa Barbara. In 1844 he was also granted Rancho Cosumnes by Governor Manuel Micheltorena.

In February 1845, Governor Pío Pico relieved Hartnell of all government posts, in retaliation for Hartnell's dismissing of him as administrator of Mission San Luis Rey. However, Hartnell's brother-in-law Pablo de la Guerra was able to secure him a job establishing a treasury in the city of Yerba Buena (modern San Francisco).

A regular correspondent of Hartnell's during this period was Robert Crichton Wyllie, with whom he conspired to obtain land grants in California for British colonists, though the idea never came to fruition. In March 1845 the British Prime Minister denied in Parliament that there was any foundation for rumours of British ambitions in California.

## Post-Conquest period

After the American Conquest of California, Hartnell served in various functions for the interim governments of California. Being one of the few people who could speak both English and Spanish fluently, he played an important role in the transition from Mexican to American rule. As the official government translator, his salary was two thousand dollars per annum. In 1849, he translated the Mexican laws published in 1837, along with Henry Halleck, as they still had legal relevance until statehood in 1850.

In November 1848, when some 400 refugees arrived in Monterey from Baja California, he served as the agent in relation to their claim for compensation from the American government. During this period he shared an office with then lieutenant William Tecumseh Sherman, who had accompanied Hartnell and Thomas O. Larkin in rowing out to meet the SS California when it arrived in Monterey in 1849. Hartnell later employed Sherman to survey his Rancho Cosumnes. Hartnell's tenure in the role ended in December 1849, when Bennet C. Riley retired.

Hartnell served as the official translator at the Monterey Constitutional Convention in 1849. He continued to translate laws between English and Spanish following statehood.

## Legacy

Hartnell College in Salinas, as well as its school district, Hartnell Junior College District, bears his name. The school was renamed from Salinas Junior College in 1948 to Hartnell College.

There are two parks that bear Hartnell's name: Hartnell Gulch Park in Monterey and Hartnell Park in Salinas. There is a Hartnell Street in Monterey and a Hartnell Road in Salinas.

Bibliography * "William Hartnell: The Hero and His Colleges". *Monterey County Historical Society*. Retrieved September 8, 2005.
* "Hartnell faculty resurrect an idea to give the school a name that carries less baggage". *Monterey County Weekly*. Retrieved November 7, 2021.
* *The Lives of William Hartnell*, Susanna Bryant Dakin, Stanford University Press, hardcover published in 1949, 308 pages, Index, with 11 black and white illustrations, including portraits of 'Don Guillermo' Hartnell and Dona Maria Teresa de la Guerra Hartnell painted in San Francisco by Leonardo Barbieri.
* *The Father of All: The De La Guerra Family, Power, and Patriarchy in Mexican California*, Louise Pubols, Huntington Library Press, hardcover published in 2015, 448 pages.
* *Married To A Daughter Of The Land: Spanish-Mexican Women And Interethnic Marriage In California, 1820-80*, Marie Raquel Casas, University of Nevada Press, paperback published in 2009, 261 pages.
* *History of California Vol iii 1825-40*, Hubert Howe Bancroft, A.L. Bancroft & Company, published in 1885.
* *California Historical Society Quarterly Vol. 18, No. 2 (Jun., 1939), pp. 136-148 (13 pages) - Proposals for the Colonization of California by England: In Connection with the Mexican Debt to British Bondholders 1837-1846*, Lester G. Engelson, University of California Press in association with the California Historical Society.
* *Historia de California, 1876 vol. 4 1837-1842*, Juan Bautista Alvarado, Manuscript.
* *Records of the American Catholic Historical Society of Philadelphia Vol. 91, No. 1/4 (March - December,1980), pp. 39-48 (10 pages) - William E. P. Hartnell, a California Patriarch*, Mary Wilma King, American Catholic Historical Society.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| William E. P. Hartnell
Guillermo Arnel | |
| --- | --- |
| Portrait by Leonardo Barbieri, 1853 | |
| Born | (1798-04-24)April 24, 1798
Backbarrow, England |
| Died | February 2, 1854(1854-02-02) (aged 55) |
| Citizenship | United Kingdom
Mexico
United States |
| Known for | Namesake of Hartnell College |
| Spouse | Teresa de la Guerra (m. 1825) |
| Children | 25 |
| Relatives | José de la Guerra y Noriega (father-in-law) |


title: William C. Mackie

abstract: William Charles Mackie was an American college football player and coach. He was an All-American guard at Harvard University and served as the head football coach at Bowdoin College. After football, Mackie practiced medicine and served as medical examiner for Norfolk County, Massachusetts.

text:
# William C. Mackie

**William Charles Mackie** (October 1, 1870 – August 1, 1931) was an American college football player and coach. He was an All-American guard at Harvard University and served as the head football coach at Bowdoin College. After football, Mackie practiced medicine and served as medical examiner for Norfolk County, Massachusetts.

## Early life

Mackie was born on October 1, 1870, in Boston to William B. and Mary Ann Mackie. He attended Boston Latin School and graduated from Harvard College in 1894 and Harvard Medical School in 1898.

## Football

Mackie played for the Harvard Crimson football team from 1891 to 1894. Before his first season with the team, Walter Camp described Mackie as "strong and active, knows what is required of him in both offence and defence, particularly the latter, and would steady up Harvard's center more than any man that could be selected". He started his sophomore year at center, but was moved to right guard before the 1892 Harvard-Yale game due to an injury to R. G. Acton. Mackie remained at right guard in 1893, while Acton moved to left guard. Mackie was named to the 1894 College Football All-America Team by John D. Merrill of *Leslie's Weekly* and S. V. R. Crosby of *The Boston Daily Globe*.

In 1895, Mackie coached the Bowdoin College football team. In October 1896, Mackie again became Bowdoin's coach. He took over for William Hoag, who left the team after three games. Bowdoin finished the season with a 5–3–2 overall record and a 3–3–1 under Mackie.

## Medicine

After graduating from medical school, Mackie worked as a general practitioner in Boston. In 1904 he moved to Brookline, Massachusetts, and began practicing there. In 1912 he was appointed associate medical examiner for the 8th Norfolk District. During World War I, Mackie also served as Brookline's draft board examiner and was a member of the Volunteer Medical Corps. In February 1918, Mackie was appointed medical examiner of Norfolk County by Governor Samuel W. McCall. He was reappointed in 1925.

## Personal life

Mackie married Gerda Hooper Erickson on November 30, 1916. The couple had two daughters. He was a member of the General Church of the New Jerusalem. Mackie died on August 1, 1931, at his home in Brookline.

## InfoBox

William C. Mackie
| Biographical details | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1870-10-01)October 1, 1870
Boston, Massachusetts, U.S. |
| Died | August 1, 1931(1931-08-01) (aged 60)
Brookline, Massachusetts, U.S. |
| Playing career | |
| 1891–1894 | Harvard |
|  | |
| Coaching career (HC unless noted) | |
| 1895–1896 | Bowdoin |
|  | |
| Head coaching record | |
| Overall | 3–3–1 |
| Accomplishments and honors | |
| Championships | |
| 1 MIAA (1895) | |
| Awards | |
| 1894 College Football All-American | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: William C. Marshall

abstract: William Cyril Marshall DFC SCM was a Thoroughbred horse racing trainer and owner who had the distinction of being the only person to have saddled winners from stables on four different continents. Born in Newcastle upon Tyne, Bill Marshall was raised on a farm near Chichester where he developed his love of horses. In his early teens, he left home and made his way to Australia where he worked as a jockey for a short time before turning to training. While still only seventeen years old he headed to South Africa where he operated his own stable for a few years until the outbreak of World War II. Marshall returned to his native England and joined the Royal Air Force. In the war, Marshall, while flying back from a mission over France, realised that he was going to be very late for a date in Buckinghamshire. He was supposed to land at Tangmere, in Sussex, but diverted to Marlow, where his date awaited him in the Compleat Angler Inn. His daredevil act of flying his Spitfire under Marlow Bridge and performing a roll impressed his girlfriend, but not an air commodore who happened to be in the bar. A report was filed, but Marshall escaped a court martial because it was wartime. As a pilot, he fought in the Battle of Britain thence served with 253 squadron in North Africa before returning to England to serve in the famous 91 'Nigeria' Squadron. By the time the war ended, Marshall had been shot down twice and was the recipient of the Distinguished Flying Cross as well as mentioned in dispatches. Discharged from the military, Marshall remained in England and began training National Hunt horses then Thoroughbreds for flat racing. In 1972 a small plane carrying Marshall and his wife Pamela, along with jockey Joe Mercer and racehorse-owner John Howard, crashed after taking off from Newbury Racecourse. The pilot died in the crash but although they were seriously injured, Marshall and his wife and the other passengers survived. In 1981, the sixty-three-old Marshall and his wife Pamela moved to Barbados where he would become one of the most important figures in that country's horse racing industry. Among his successes at Garrison Savannah Racetrack, Bill Marshall was a seven-time winner of the island's most prestigious race, the Barbados Gold Cup and a nine-time winner of the Barbados Derby. In 1989 he conditioned Barbados Triple Crown champion, Coo Bird, who would win more races in his career than any other Thoroughbred in Barbados horse racing history. In all, Marshall won twenty-two Barbadian Triple Crown races and earned champion trainer honors eleven times. In 1994 "The Art and Science of Racehorse Training: the "Bill" Marshall Guide" by Michael W. Marshall was published by Keepdate Publishing, with an introduction by Jack Berry. In 2003, Bill Marshall's biography titled You Win Some, You Lose Some was published. That same year, the government of Barbados honored his contribution to horse racing with the Silver Crown of Merit. Bill Marshall remained active in racing and was still winning at the time of his death in 2005 at the age of eighty-seven.

text:
# William C. Marshall

**William Cyril Marshall** DFC SCM (14 August 1918 – 1 November 2005) was a Thoroughbred horse racing trainer and owner who had the distinction of being the only person to have saddled winners from stables on four different continents.

Born in Newcastle upon Tyne, Bill Marshall was raised on a farm near Chichester where he developed his love of horses. In his early teens, he left home and made his way to Australia where he worked as a jockey for a short time before turning to training. While still only seventeen years old he headed to South Africa where he operated his own stable for a few years until the outbreak of World War II. Marshall returned to his native England and joined the Royal Air Force. In the war, Marshall, while flying back from a mission over France, realised that he was going to be very late for a date in Buckinghamshire. He was supposed to land at Tangmere, in Sussex, but diverted to Marlow, where his date awaited him in the Compleat Angler Inn. His daredevil act of flying his Spitfire under Marlow Bridge (headway Marlow Bridge = 3.86 metres, Spitfire height = 3.86 metres) and performing a roll impressed his girlfriend, but not an air commodore who happened to be in the bar. A report was filed, but Marshall escaped a court martial because it was wartime. As a pilot, he fought in the Battle of Britain thence served with 253 squadron in North Africa before returning to England to serve in the famous 91 'Nigeria' Squadron. By the time the war ended, Marshall had been shot down twice and was the recipient of the Distinguished Flying Cross as well as mentioned in dispatches. Discharged from the military, Marshall remained in England and began training National Hunt horses then Thoroughbreds for flat racing.

In 1972 a small plane carrying Marshall and his wife Pamela, along with jockey Joe Mercer and racehorse-owner John Howard, crashed after taking off from Newbury Racecourse. The pilot died in the crash but although they were seriously injured, Marshall and his wife and the other passengers survived.

In 1981, the sixty-three-old Marshall and his wife Pamela moved to Barbados where he would become one of the most important figures in that country's horse racing industry. Among his successes at Garrison Savannah Racetrack, Bill Marshall was a seven-time winner of the island's most prestigious race, the Barbados Gold Cup and a nine-time winner of the Barbados Derby. In 1989 he conditioned Barbados Triple Crown champion, Coo Bird, who would win more races in his career than any other Thoroughbred in Barbados horse racing history. In all, Marshall won twenty-two Barbadian Triple Crown races and earned champion trainer honors eleven times.

In 1994 "The Art and Science of Racehorse Training: the "Bill" Marshall Guide" by Michael W. Marshall was published by Keepdate Publishing, with an introduction by Jack Berry. In 2003, Bill Marshall's biography titled *You Win Some, You Lose Some* was published. That same year, the government of Barbados honored his contribution to horse racing with the Silver Crown of Merit.

Bill Marshall remained active in racing and was still winning at the time of his death in 2005 at the age of eighty-seven.

https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/1501998/Bill-Marshall.html

## InfoBox

| William C. Marshall | |
| --- | --- |
| Occupation | Trainer |
| Born | 14 August 1918
Newcastle upon Tyne, England |
| Died | 1 November 2005 (aged 87), Barbados |
| Career wins | 648 (Barbados) |
| Major racing wins | |
| Barbados Gold Cup
(1984, 1994, 1995, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003)
Midsummer Creole Classic
(1985, 1987, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1997, 2005)
Barbados Derby
(1985, 1987, 1989, 1990, 1993, 1997,
2000, 2002, 2004) | |
| Racing awards | |
| Barbados Champion Trainer (11 times) | |
| Honours | |
| Silver Crown of Merit (2003)
W. C. Marshall Creole Classic at Garrison Savannah | |
| Significant horses | |
| Coo Bird, Blast of Storm | |


title: William Farina

abstract: William Edward Farina is an American essayist and writer of popular non-fiction.

text:
# William Farina

**William Edward Farina** (born December 7, 1955, in LaPorte, Indiana) is an American essayist and writer of popular non-fiction.

## Biography

Farina was born, reared and educated in LaPorte, Indiana. He attended Valparaiso University on a baseball athletic scholarship and received his bachelor's degree with a double major in English and Philosophy in 1978, then a J.D. degree from the same institution in 1981. That same year he was admitted to the Illinois bar and moved to Chicago, pursuing a full-time career as a real estate analyst that had previously begun in college. In 1989, he was awarded designated membership with the American Institute of Real Estate Appraisers (today the Appraisal Institute). The following year (1990), Farina was presented with a certificate of merit from Landmarks Illinois for his efforts in the field of historic building preservation. Soon afterwards in 1991, he married Marion Buckley of Decatur, Illinois, who helped to rekindle his interest in writing. Then in 2002, he accepted invitational membership with Lambda Alpha International, an honorary land economics society.

Farina and his wife participated as volunteers for the 2008 general election campaign in his native state of Indiana. Soon after this in 2009, they moved to northern Wisconsin, where they spent the next six years serving in various government-related capacities, before moving back to the Chicago area (Evanston, Illinois) in 2015, where they live and work today.

Broad contrasts in ethnic and cultural identities frequently characterize his writing style.

## Writing career

Spurred by the results of the 2004 elections, Farina resolved to devote spare time to educational activities. Foremost among these has been a series of books on various scholarly topics, written from a layman's perspective. Farina's first collection, "De Vere as Shakespeare: An Oxfordian Reading of the Canon" (McFarland & Company, 2006), addresses the Shakespeare authorship question. It won the 2007 Award for Scholarly Excellence presented by the Shakespeare Authorship Studies Conference of Concordia University-Portland, and earned praise in Washington State University's Rocky Mountain Review of Language and Literature. Since then, McFarland has published nine additional works by Farina, with an 11th book to be published in 2022, and a 12th currently under contract for 2023.

## Works

*De Vere as Shakespeare: An Oxfordian Reading of the Canon* (2006)
*Ulysses S. Grant, 1861-1864: His Rise from Obscurity to Military Greatness* (2007)
*Perpetua of Carthage: Portrait of a Third-Century Martyr* (2008)
*Chrétien de Troyes and the Dawn of Arthurian Romance* (2010)
*Eliot Asinof and the Truth of the Game: A Critical Study of the Baseball Writings* (2011)
*The German Cabaret Legacy in American Popular Music* (2013)
*Man Writes Dog: Canine Themes in Literature, Law and Folklore* (2014)
*The Afterlife of Adam Smith: The Influence, Interpretation and Misinterpretation of His Economic Philosophy* (2015)
*Saint James the Greater in History, Art and Culture* (2018)
*Italian Crime Fiction in the Era of the Anti-Mafia Movement* (2020)
*Screening Charles Dickens: A Survey of the Film and Television Adaptations* (2022 scheduled)

## Quotes

"Patient readers will hopefully have as much fun perusing this survey as I had assembling it. Since Smith is rarely read by anyone nowadays, and wrote during an epoch so completely different from our own, specific interpretations of his text and attempts at direct application of his ideas to contemporary problems often become a freewheeling, unaccountable business." *(The Afterlife of Adam Smith)*

## InfoBox

| William Edward Farina | |
| --- | --- |
| William Farina | |
| Born | (1955-12-07) December 7, 1955<br>LaPorte, Indiana, U.S. |
| Occupation | Author, essayist |
| Nationality | American |
| Education | Valparaiso University (JD) |
| Genre | Popular Non-Fiction |


title: William Beverly Murphy

abstract: William Beverly Murphy was an American food businessman. He was the president and CEO of Campbell Soup Company between 1953 and 1972. From 1942 to 1945 he was on leave from Campbell's Soup to the War Production Board. Prior to joining Campbell's Soup he was at the A.C. Nielsen Company (1928–1938) where he is credited with conceiving the idea for the Nielsen Food Index and Nielsen Drug Index Services. Murphy was also a life member emeritus of the MIT Corporation.

text:
# William Beverly Murphy

**William Beverly Murphy** (June 17, 1907 – May 29, 1994) was an American food businessman. He was the president and CEO of Campbell Soup Company between 1953 and 1972. From 1942 to 1945 he was on leave from Campbell's Soup to the War Production Board. Prior to joining Campbell's Soup he was at the A.C. Nielsen Company (1928–1938) where he is credited with conceiving the idea for the Nielsen Food Index and Nielsen Drug Index Services. Murphy was also a life member emeritus of the MIT Corporation (Massachusetts Institute of Technology).

## Life

Murphy was born in Appleton, Wisconsin, and received a Bachelor of Science in chemical engineering from the University of Wisconsin in 1928. He subsequently joined the A.C. Nielsen Company of Chicago and rose to the position of executive vice president. He joined Campbell Soup in 1938 as Assistant to General Manager. Murphy was elected executive vice president of Campbell Soup in 1949 and was president and CEO from 1953 to 1972. Murphy died May 29, 1994, at the age of 86 of pneumonia in a convalescent home in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania.

While at Campbell's Soup Company he took the corporation public and increased its brand portfolio to include Pepperidge Farm breads, cookies, and crackers, Franco-American gravies and pastas, V8 juice (vegetable), Swanson broths, and Godiva (chocolatier).

Murphy was a special term member of the MIT Corporation from 1961–65 and a life member from 1965–82. He served on several MIT standing committees, including the Auditing Committee (1984–86), the Executive Committee (1966–72 and 1976–82), and the Membership Committee (1964–67). He was a member of the visiting committees for the Department of Applied Biological Sciences (1985–88), the Department of Nutrition and Food Science (1980–85 and 1974–80 as chairman), the MIT Sloan School of Management (1972–76 and 1965–66, and 1964–65 as chairman), and the School of Industrial Management (1961–63, 1963–64 as chairman and 1959–61 as a presidential nominee).

As head of Campbell Soup, Murphy's managerial style, which prioritized lean manufacturing, fostered conflict with his workers who contested his high production targets. The climax of this conflict occurred in 1968, when the AFL-CIO affiliated locals at the Campbell plants attempted to coordinate their contracts. Murphy firmly opposed the coordinated bargaining across his plants; divisions between the different locals limited their gains, and his managerial vision prevailed.

In 1980, former president and chairman of the MIT Corporation Paul Gray presented Murphy with the Henry Laurence Gantt Memorial Medal. It is awarded jointly by the American Management Associations and the American Society of Mechanical Engineers for "distinguished achievement in management as a service to the community."

In addition to serving on several government advisory panels, Murphy was a director of companies including AT&T, Merck & Co., Inc., and International Paper. He also served as national chairman of Radio Free Europe in 1960–61 and as chairman of the board of trustees of the Nutrition Foundation in 1964–65.

## Employment

* **A.C. Nielsen Company** (ACNielsen), Chicago, Illinois, 1928–1938
    + Executive Vice President, 1935–1938
* **Campbell Soup Company**, Camden, New Jersey, 1938–1980
    + Assistant to General Manager, 1938–1941
    + On leave to War Production Board, 1942–1945
    + Executive Assistant to President, 1946–1948
    + Executive Vice President, 1949–1953
    + President and Chief Executive Officer, March 1953 – June 1972
    + Director, 1950–1980
* **War Production Board**, 1942–1945
    + Director, Facilities Division

## Education

* Grade School — First Ward School, Appleton, Wisconsin, 1913–1920
* High School — Appleton West High School, 1920–1924
* College — University of Wisconsin, 1924–1928
    + B.S. in Chemical Engineering
    + Tau Beta Pi (honorary scholastic engineering society)
    + Iron Cross (honorary senior activities society)
    + Delta Upsilon (social fraternity)
    + "W" Club (Major letter winner in track)

## Directorships

## Charitable and civic activities

* Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation
    + Trustee, 1958–?
    + President, 1982–1986
* Bryn Mawr Presbyterian Church
    + Trustee, 1959–1961
    + Elder, 1964–1966
    + Advance Gifts Chairman, Every member Canvass, 1963–1964
    + Co-Chairman, Expanding Ministries and Building Fund Drive, 1964–1965
* Massachusetts Institute of Technology
    + Life Member, 1961–1982
    + Executive Committee, 1966–1972; 1976–1984
    + Chairman, Visiting Committee for School of Nutrition and Food Science, 1975–1976
    + Vice Chairman, Development Committee, 1976–1981
* Academy of Natural Sciences
    + Trustee, 1968–1976
    + Honorary Trustee, 1976–?
    + Chairman, Executive Committee, 1974–1976
    + Chairman, Search Committee, 1975–1976
* Philadelphia Museum of Art
    + Trustee, 1972–?
    + Chairman, Capital Development Drive, 1971–1974
* First United Fund Campaign of Camden
    + Chairman, 1958
* Greater Camden Movement
    + Co-Chairman, 1968–1971
* Blue Hill Memorial Hospital, Blue Hill, Maine
    + Member, Investment Committee, 1980–?
* Philadelphia Society for Promoting Agriculture
    + President, 1985–1986
* Greater Philadelphia Movement
    + Chairman, Committee on Public School Education, 1973–1975
* Greater Philadelphia Partnership, 1976–?
* Afro-American Historical and Cultural Museum, Board of Directors, 1977

## Honorary degrees and awards

## National organizations

* Business Council, 1960–?
    + Chairman, 1965–1966
* Nutrition Foundation, 1953–1972
    + Chairman, 1963–1964
    + Chairman, Committee on Program and Staffing, 1970–1971
* Business Roundtable, 1971–1973
    + Organized, 1971
    + Chairman, 1971–1973
* United Nations University, American Council, 1975–1976

## Other activities

* Radio Free Europe Fund, Chairman, 1960–1961
* Mexican-American Panel on Rural Development — panelist, 1965, sponsored by the National University of Mexico and The Advertising Council (Ad Council)
* National Advisory Commission on Rural Areas Development, 1966
* Colloque Franco-American Delegate, 1966–1967
* President's Advisory Committee on Labor-Management Policy, 1966–1968
* National Advisory Commission on Food and Fiber, 1966–1968
* President's Commission on Postal Organization, 1967–1968
* White House Conference on Food, Nutrition and Health, Chairman, Panel on Traditional Food, 1969
* President's Public Advisory Committee on Trade Policy, 1968–1969
* Member United Nations Association (UNA) — USA National Policy Panel on World Population, 1969
* U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Hazardous Materials Advisory Committee, 1971–1972
* Woodrow Wilson National Fellowship Foundation, 1973–1974
* National Science Foundation — Northeast Region, Member, Planning Committee, 1978

## Family

* Parents-Stephen Waite and Hilma Anderson Murphy
* Wife-Helen Huston Brennan
* Children-Robert Blair Murphy, Ann M. Zabel, John H. Murphy, Eric S. Murphy

1. D. Sidorick, Condensed Capitalism: Campbell Soup and the Pursuit of Cheap Production in the Twentieth Century, Ithaca, Cornell University Press, 2009, chpt. 6
* Greater Prosperity through Marketing Research, *The First 40 Years of A. C. Nielsen Company*, Arthur C. Nielsen, Sr., The Newcomen Society in North America, 1964.
* Fifty Active Years 1928–1978, An interview by Archie K. Davis with W. B. Murphy on behalf of The Southern Historical Collection of The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 1978.


title: William Farquhar Conton

abstract: William Farquhar Conton was a Sierra Leone Creole educator, historian and acclaimed novelist.

text:
# William Farquhar Conton

**William Farquhar Conton** (5 September 1925 – 23 June 2003) was a Sierra Leone Creole educator, historian and acclaimed novelist.

## Background and early life

William Farquhar Conton was born on 5 September 1925 in Bathurst, Gambia, to the union of Cecil Conton (1885–1926) and Olive Conton, née Farquhar. The Contons and Farquhars were first-generation Sierra Leone Creoles of Caribbean origin who settled in Sierra Leone during the late nineteenth century. Cecil Barger Conton had been born in Bermuda to William A. Conton (b. 1837) and Elizabeth Conton (b. 1857). Olive Farquhar was the daughter of Archdeacon Charles William Farquhar (d. 1928) of Barbados, a missionary in French Guinea.

## Education

William Conton was educated at CMS Grammar School in Sierra Leone before proceeding to Durham University in England, where he read for a Bachelor of Arts degree in History, graduating in 1947 as a member of St John's College. Conton also served in the Officer Training Corps during the Second World War.

## Career

After graduating in 1947, he taught at Fourah Bay College for the next six years, moving on to become principal of Accra High School in Ghana. Returning to Sierra Leone, he was principal of two high schools, before rising to be chief education officer in Sierra Leone. He subsequently worked for UNESCO in Paris.

### Writing

In 1960, Conton's novel *The African* was the twelfth book published in the important Heinemann's African Writers Series. Partly autobiographical, it revolves around an African student in England from the fictional nation of Songhai, his romance with a white South African woman that ends tragically, and his political determination to bring down the apartheid system in South Africa. Although *The African* had widespread acclaim, critics such as Wole Soyinka were unimpressed with the novel and found the romantic aspects unconvincing, which he referred to as utopian "love optimism", and called the main character, Kamara, an "unbelievable prig".

In 1961, Conton published his two-volume work entitled *West Africa in History*, which covered various aspects of West African history and combined his interests and experience as a historian with his literary flair.

In 1987, Conton published *The Flights*, which is in some respects a sequel to *The African*, and depicts Saidu, a political exile in England from the same fictional West African country of Songhai, who under psychological stress resorts to hijacking a commercial airliner to force the Songhai government to accede to his demands. Described by literature scholar Oyekan Owomoyela in *The Columbia Guide to West African Literature in English since 1945* as "Badly written and badly printed", the book has attracted little attention.

## Personal life

In 1949, William Conton married Bertha Yvonne Thompson, an educator, principal, and school proprietress, and the couple had five children.

## Later years

William Conton died in Freetown, Sierra Leone, in July 2003.

## Works

## InfoBox

| William Farquhar Conton | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1925-09-05)5 September 1925
Bathurst, Gambia |
| Died | 23 June 2003(2003-06-23) (aged 77)
Freetown, Sierra Leone |
| Occupation |  |
| Nationality | British Subject, Sierra Leonean |
| Education | Durham University (BA, St John's College) |
| Spouse | Bertha Yvonne Conton, née Thompson |
| Children | 5 |
| Relatives | Dr Raymond Sarif Easmon (brother-in-law), Amy Manto Bondfield Wellesley-Cole, née Hotobah-During (sister-in-law) |


title: William Farquharson (cricketer)

abstract: William Farquharson was a Jamaican cricketer. He played in five first-class matches for the Jamaican cricket team from 1894 to 1897.

text:
# William Farquharson (cricketer)

**William Farquharson** (9 August 1864 – 3 August 1928) was a Jamaican cricketer. He played in five first-class matches for the Jamaican cricket team from 1894 to 1897.

## InfoBox

William Farquharson
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1864-08-09)9 August 1864
Saint Elizabeth, Jamaica |
| Died | 3 August 1928(1928-08-03) (aged 63)
Croydon, England |
| Source: Cricinfo, 5 November 2020 | |


title: William Francis Strudwick

abstract: William Francis Strudwick was a U.S. Representative from the state of North Carolina between 1796 and 1797. Strudwick, born at "Stag Park," near Wilmington, North Carolina in 1770, was a farmer with a limited education. In 1789, he was a delegate to the state constitutional convention; he also served in the North Carolina Senate in 1792 and 1793. In 1796, Strudwick was elected as a Federalist to the 4th United States Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Rep. Absalom Tatom, and served from November 28, 1796 to March 3, 1797. In 1801, he joined the North Carolina House of Representatives, where he served until 1803. Strudwick died in 1810 and is buried in a private cemetery at Hawfields, North Carolina.

text:
# William Francis Strudwick

**William Francis Strudwick** (May 12, 1770 – July 31, 1810) was a U.S. Representative from the state of North Carolina between 1796 and 1797.

Strudwick, born at "Stag Park," near Wilmington, North Carolina in 1770, was a farmer with a limited education. In 1789, he was a delegate to the state constitutional convention; he also served in the North Carolina Senate in 1792 and 1793. In 1796, Strudwick was elected as a Federalist to the 4th United States Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Rep. Absalom Tatom, and served from November 28, 1796 to March 3, 1797. In 1801, he joined the North Carolina House of Representatives, where he served until 1803. Strudwick died in 1810 and is buried in a private cemetery at Hawfields, North Carolina.

* United States Congress. "William Francis Strudwick (id: S001029)". *Biographical Directory of the United States Congress*.

## InfoBox

| William Francis Strudwick | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from North Carolina's 4th district | |
| **In office**
December 13, 1796  March 3, 1797 | |
| Preceded by | Absalom Tatom |
| Succeeded by | Richard Stanford |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | May 12, 1770
Stag Park, Wilmington, North Carolina, U.S. |
| Died | July 31, 1810 |
| Political party | Federalist |
|  | |


title: William G. Kerckhoff

abstract: William George Kerckhoff (1856–1929) was an American businessman.

text:
# William G. Kerckhoff

**William George Kerckhoff** (1856–1929) was an American businessman.

## Early life

Kerckhoff was born on March 30, 1856, in Terre Haute, Indiana.

## Career

Kerckhoff moved to Los Angeles County, California, from Indiana in 1878-1879 and worked for the Jackson Lumber Company. In 1887, along with James Cuzner of the Kerckhoff-Cuzner Lumber Company, he built the *Pasadena*. It was the first ocean-going vessel to use oil for fuel. In the 1890s, he founded the San Gabriel Power Company, a hydroelectric power company in Los Angeles. By the turn of the century, together with A.C. Balch, he owned half the stock of Henry E. Huntington's Pacific Light & Power Company used to provide electricity to Pacific Electric, and he served as its president. In 1902, they purchased the San Joaquin Electric Company. They also founded Southern California Gas Corporation in 1910, and built a 120-mile pipeline from the San Joaquin Valley to Los Angeles.

In 1906, with Burton E. Green (1868-1965), Charles A. Canfield (1848-1913), Max Whittier (1867–1928), Frank H. Buck (1887-1942), Henry E. Huntington (1850-1927), William F. Herrin (1854-1927), W.S. Porter and Frank H. Balch, known as the Amalgamated Oil Company, he purchased Rancho Rodeo de las Aguas from the heirs of Henry Hammel and Andrew H. Denker. After drilling for oil and only finding water, they reorganized their business into the Rodeo Land and Water Company to develop a new residential town later known as Beverly Hills, California.

As president of the South Coast Land Company, he also helped found the city of Del Mar, California. and the small town of Biola, California.

## Personal life

Kerckhoff married Louisa Eshman of Terre Haute in 1883. They lived in a grand mansion at 734 West Adams Boulevard designed by the architects Sumner Hunt (1865-1938), Abraham Wesley Eager (1864-1930) and Silas Reese Burns (1855-1940). Originally donated to the University of Southern California for use as the Louise E. Kerckhoff Medical Sciences Laboratory, it now stands at the center of USC's Annenberg Research Park.

## Death and legacy

Kerckhoff died in Los Angeles on February 22, 1929.

The Kerckhoff Marine Laboratory in Corona del Mar, Newport Beach is named in his honor, as are the "Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research - W.G. Kerckhoff Institute" and the "Kerckhoff-Klinik" (a hospital for cardiology, cardiac surgery, pulmology, thoracic surgery, and rheumatology, affiliated with the University of Giessen School of Medicine and part of the William G. Kerckhoff Foundation), both in Bad Nauheim, Germany. The William G. Kerckhoff Laboratories of the Biological Sciences at Caltech were built in 1928 to house the Institute's new biology division. Kerckhoff Hall, designed by Allison & Allison, is home to various student media, clubs, and organizations on the UCLA campus. It was the result of a US$815,000 ($100,000 for furnishing) donation from his widow Louisa.

## InfoBox

| William George Kerckhoff | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1856-03-30)March 30, 1856
Terre Haute, Indiana, U.S. |
| Died | February 22, 1929(1929-02-22) (aged 72)
Los Angeles, California |
| Occupation | Businessman |
| Spouse | Louisa Eshman Kerckhoff |


abstract: William Clavering-Cowper, 2nd Earl Cowper, styled Viscount Fordwich between 1718 and 1723, was an English peer and courtier. Born William Cowper, he was the eldest son of William Cowper, 1st Earl Cowper and his second wife Mary, daughter of John Clavering of Chopwell, County Durham. He later assumed the additional surname of Clavering on the death of his maternal uncle. He was educated at Exeter College, Oxford, matriculating in 1725 aged 16, created DCL in 1728. He succeeded his father in the earldom in October 1723, aged 14. In 1744, he was appointed Lord-Lieutenant of Hertfordshire, a post he held until his death. He was also a Lord of the Bedchamber to George II. Lord Cowper was twice married. He married firstly Lady Henrietta, daughter of Henry de Nassau d'Auverquerque in 1732. After her death in September 1747, he married secondly Lady Georgiana Caroline Carteret, daughter of John Carteret, and widow of John Spencer, on 1 May 1750. He died on 18 September 1764, aged 55, and was succeeded in the earldom by his son from his first marriage, George Clavering-Cowper. The Countess Cowper died on 21 August 1780.

text:
# William Clavering-Cowper, 2nd Earl Cowper

**William Clavering-Cowper**, 2nd Earl Cowper (13 August 1709 – 18 September 1764), styled **Viscount Fordwich** between 1718 and 1723, was an English peer and courtier.

Born William Cowper, he was the eldest son of William Cowper, 1st Earl Cowper and his second wife Mary, daughter of John Clavering of Chopwell, County Durham. He later assumed the additional surname of Clavering on the death of his maternal uncle.

He was educated at Exeter College, Oxford, matriculating in 1725 aged 16, created DCL in 1728.

He succeeded his father in the earldom in October 1723, aged 14. In 1744, he was appointed Lord-Lieutenant of Hertfordshire, a post he held until his death. He was also a Lord of the Bedchamber to George II.

Lord Cowper was twice married. He married firstly Lady Henrietta, daughter of Henry de Nassau d'Auverquerque in 1732. After her death in September 1747, he married secondly Lady Georgiana Caroline Carteret, daughter of John Carteret, and widow of John Spencer, on 1 May 1750. He died on 18 September 1764, aged 55, and was succeeded in the earldom by his son from his first marriage, George Clavering-Cowper. The Countess Cowper died on 21 August 1780.

## Relatives

## Arms

Coat of arms of William Clavering-Cowper, 2nd Earl Cowper
|  | CrestA lion's jamb erased Or holding a cherry branch Vert fructed Gules. EscutcheonArgent three martlets Gules on a chief engrailed of the last three annulets Or. SupportersTwo dun horses close cropped (except a tuft on the withers) and docked a large blaze down the face a black list down the back and three white feet viz both hind and the near fore foot. MottoTuum Est (It Is Thine) |
| --- | --- |

## InfoBox

| William Clavering-Cowper | |
| --- | --- |
| portrait c. 1732 | |
| Born | 13 August 1709 |
| Died | 18 September 1764(1764-09-18) (aged 55) |
| Alma mater | Exeter College, Oxford (DCL) |
| Spouse | Georgiana Carteret (m. 1750) |
| Children | George |
| Parent(s) | William Cowper<br>Mary Clavering |


title: William Claxton (photographer)

abstract: William James Claxton was an American photographer and author.

text:
# William Claxton (photographer)

**William James Claxton** (October 12, 1927 – October 11, 2008) was an American photographer and author.

## Biography

Born in Pasadena, California, Claxton's works included a book of photographs of Steve McQueen, and *Jazzlife*, a book of photographs depicting jazz artists in the 1960s. He was best known for his photography of jazz musicians including Chet Baker. Claxton also photographed celebrities and models.

In 1967, he created the film *Basic Black*, a work that is credited as the first "fashion video" and is in the collection of the Museum of Modern Art in New York. The music for the film, using a Moog synthesizer, was composed by award-winning artist David Lucas.

He married model Peggy Moffitt in 1960 and had one son, Christopher M. Claxton, born in 1973. Claxton died on October 11, 2008, of complications from congestive heart failure, one day before his 81st birthday.

## Bibliography

* Claxton, William (1987). *Jazz*. Twelvetrees. ISBN 978-0942642285.
* Claxton, William (1999). *Young Chet*. teNeues. ISBN 978-3823899662.
* Claxton, William; Gavin, James (1999). *Claxography: The Art of Jazz Photography*. Distributed Art Publishers. ISBN 978-3926048677.
* Claxton, William; Crist, Steve; Berendt, Joachim E. (2005). *Jazzlife*. Taschen. ISBN 978-3822830666.
* Claxton, William (2008). Crist, Steve (ed.). *Steve McQueen*. Taschen. ISBN 978-3836503914.

## InfoBox

| William Claxton | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | William James Claxton
(1927-10-12)October 12, 1927
Pasadena, California, U.S. |
| Died | October 11, 2008(2008-10-11) (aged 80)
Los Angeles, California, U.S. |
| Alma mater | University of California, Los Angeles |
| Spouse | Peggy Moffitt (m. 1960) |
| Children | 1 |


title: William J. Brown (Ohio politician)

abstract: William J. Brown was an American lawyer who was elected as Ohio Attorney General in 1970 and served until leaving office in January 1983.

text:
# William J. Brown (Ohio politician)

**William J. Brown** (July 12, 1940 – November 3, 1999) was an American lawyer who was elected as Ohio Attorney General in 1970 and served until leaving office in January 1983.

## Career

Brown was from Mahoning County, Ohio. He remained active in Ohio politics through the 1990s. Brown's tenure in office is one of the longest on record for the Ohio Attorney General's office. In 1982, he was defeated in the democratic primary for governor to Richard Celeste.

While in office, Brown emphasized consumer rights and created the state's first Consumer Protection section. Brown also successfully sued General Motors in the late 1970s for failing to disclose that automobile manufacturer deployed Chevrolet-built engines into more expensive Oldsmobile brand cars; the settlement included compensation paid to owners of Oldsmobiles who bought new cars from Oldsmobile dealers in 1977 and 1978 equipped with the Chevrolet V8 engines.

Following his term as Ohio Attorney General, Brown joined the law firm now known as Kegler, Brown, Hill & Ritter, headquartered in Columbus, Ohio. The firm has endowed a scholarship in his name, the William J. Brown Scholarship, at the Pettit College of Law at Ohio Northern University, Brown's alma mater.

The William J. Brown Award Consumer Protection Award is named for him. William J. Brown memorial highway is named for him.

## InfoBox

| William J. Brown | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| 42nd Attorney General of Ohio | |
| **In office**
January 11, 1971  January 10, 1983 | |
| Governor | John Gilligan
Jim Rhodes |
| Preceded by | Paul W. Brown |
| Succeeded by | Anthony J. Celebrezze Jr. |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1940-07-12)July 12, 1940
Mahoning County, Ohio |
| Died | November 3, 1999(1999-11-03) (aged 59)
Columbus, Ohio |
| Resting place | Oak Grove Cemetery, Delaware, Ohio |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Alma mater | Pettit College of Law |
|  | |


title: Three Princes of the Kingdom of Laos

abstract: The Three Princes was a name given to Princes Boun Oum, Souvanna Phouma and Souphanouvong who represented respectively the royalist, neutralist and communist factions in the Kingdom of Laos in the post-WWII period, especially during Laotian Civil War. The trio were named by King Sisavang Vatthana to form a coalition government following the independence of Laos.

text:
# Three Princes of the Kingdom of Laos

(From L-R): Boun Oum, Souvanna Phouma and Souphanouvong

The **Three Princes** was a name given to Princes Boun Oum, Souvanna Phouma and Souphanouvong who represented respectively the royalist, neutralist and communist factions in the Kingdom of Laos in the post-WWII period, especially during Laotian Civil War. The trio were named by King Sisavang Vatthana to form a coalition government following the independence of Laos.

## Background and Representatives

The Three Princes represented three different political views held during the Laotian Civil War. The Laotian Civil War (1959–75) was fought between the Communist Pathet Lao (including many North Vietnamese of Lao ancestry) and the Royal Lao Government, with both sides receiving heavy external support in a proxy war between the global Cold War superpowers. It is called the **Secret War** among the CIA Special Activities Division and Hmong veterans of the conflict.

### Prince Boun Oum Na Champasak

Prince Boun Oum (also **Prince Boun Oum Na Champassak** (December 12, 1911 – March 17, 1980) was the son of King Ratsadanay, and was the hereditary prince of Champassak and also Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Laos from 1948–1950 and again in 1960–1962. The right-wing Prince, cousin to the other two princes, overthrew the Phouma Government in 1960 which was supported by Lao leaders Phoui Sananikone and General Phoumi Nosavan, and the Hmong leader General Vang Pao.

### Prince Souvanna Phouma

Prince Souvanna Phouma (7 October 1901 – 10 January 1984) was the leader of the neutralist faction and Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Laos several times (1951–1954, 1956–1958, 1960, and 1962–1975). The Prince was supported by Kong Le and the Royal Lao Government.

### Prince Souphanouvong

Prince Souphanouvong (13 July 1909  9 January 1995) unlike his half-brothers, Souvanna Phouma and Phetsarath Ratanavongsa, whose mothers were of royal birth, his mother was a commoner, Mom Kham Ouane. He was the figurehead President of Laos from December 1975 to August 1991. A staunch communist and the leader of the Pathet Lao, was supported by Kaysone Phomvihane (later Prime Minister and President of the LPDR) and the North Vietnamese. By 1972, the Pathet Lao found it unacceptable to form a coalition with rightist members, mostly military generals and the rich and powerful Na Champassak and Sananikone families.

## Supporters of the Princes


title: Yamato Takeru (TV series)

abstract: Yamato Takeru is a 1994 Japanese anime television series loosely related to both the live-action film and legend about a young boy who goes on a great adventure that would grant him great powers and the understanding that his destiny is linked to the world. The series is followed up by the 1995 two-episode original video animation Yamato Takeru: After War.

text:
# Yamato Takeru (TV series)

***Yamato Takeru*** (Japanese: ヤマトタケル) is a 1994 Japanese anime television series loosely related to both the live-action film and legend about a young boy who goes on a great adventure that would grant him great powers and the understanding that his destiny is linked to the world. The series is followed up by the 1995 two-episode original video animation *Yamato Takeru: After War*.

## Synopsis

In the 25th century, a spaceship carrying 300 scientists leaves the Earth in search of a new world in the Solar System, but an unexpected accident occurs. They encountered a black hole that is connected to another universe through space and time. The people on board abandoned their ship and ejected emergency capsules to a planet called Ismo. Upon the chaos a child was born and the first infant to be native Ismo, Yamato Takeru.

Ismo is a star of the Onam System, which corresponds to the Solar System. It is the only planet left in the Onam System. The Death Star called Yomi is a comet which regularly approaches the Onam System.

There were once 8 planets in the Onam System. Many years ago, in the "time of the gods", there was a war against the evil monster Yamata no Orochi (an 8-headed dragon). The gods won the battle. Yamata no Orochi was locked into 8 capsules, one of which is buried deep in the center of each planet. Nobody was supposed to have access to the core of the planets. However Tsukuyomi, an evil "god" who rules Yomi, succeeded in reaching the capsules one after another. Seven of the planets were destroyed using his powerful robots, the Evil Sky Warriors. However, when he tried to acquire the last capsule from the planet Ismo, the most powerful Sky Warrior, Susanoo, got out of control and was blown away.

A million years later, the Death Star Yomi is approaching the Onam System once again. Tsukuyomi, the master of Yomi, plans to take this opportunity to realize his dream of ruling the entire universe. He is desperate for the last stone containing Yamatano Orochi. If Tsukuyomi can get hold of this capsule, Yamata no Orochi will return to life and its power will become his. Tsukuyomi needs Sky Warrior Susanoo to abstract Orochi and dispatches Sky Soldiers to retrieve Susanoo. But it is too late. Susanoo no longer belongs to Tsukuyomi. It belongs to Takeru, a 12-year-old boy from Earth, who happened to discover the buried robot Susanoo and woke it from its million-year-long sleep. Takeru becomes involved in the battle against the Sky Soldiers and the fate of all in Ismo.

## Voice cast

## Japanese Production Staff

Chief Director:

Shuji Iuchi

Director:

Katsuyoshi Yatabe (credited as Futa Morita)

Series Composition:

Shuji Iuchi

Script:

Shuji Iuchi Katsuyoshi Yatabe Masaharu Amiya Nobuaki Kishima Nobuyuki Fujimoto Ryo Saga

Episode Director:

Hiroyuki Ishido Jiro Saito Kazuyoshi Yokota Nobuhiro Kondo Shin-ichi Masaki Shinji Sakai Takeshi Yoshimoto Toshiaki Kanbara Yoshitaka Fujimoto Yusuke Yamamoto

Music:

Osamu Tezuka Vink

Character Design:

Takahiro Kishida

Mecha design:

Koichi Ohata

## Characters

### Yamato Takeru

He's the first human to be born and raised in Ismo. While living in the village, he was the star trouble maker of the group. He was respected amongst his peers as the leader and bring no end to mischief (for good or bad intentions). After he encounters Susanoo and used the destructive powers of the mech to defeat their enemies attacking the village, the villagers banished the mech and blame it for their misfortune. Yamato cannot deal with the superstitious nature of the villagers and opted to leave with his best friend to see the world. It was his journey not long that would allow him to meet Oto and new friends and enemies. After defeating Orochi, he leaves Susanoo where he once rested in the caves and visits him to talk. Because there's no epilogue, it is assumed that Yamato will still cause some trouble in the village as he used to. He'll also probably end up with Oto and start a life together in the village.

In After War, Yamato is called again to pilot Susanoo when a piece of the Dark Sky Carriage falls near the village and Shuranoo reveals itself. But when Yamato refuses to fight Shuranoo, who is possessed by Mikazuchi, Shuranoo mercilessly slashes at Susanoo and then sends it into the lake where it is rescued and healed by the Dragon Carrier. The renewed Susanoo flies off to find Oto who had been kidnapped by Shuranoo. In the end, Yamato was going to sacrifice himself and Oto (willingly) to defeat Tsukiyomi by flying into the sun. Before they get to the melting point, Mikazuchi appears and tells them that he would pilot Susanoo and that Yamato and Oto should live out their lives. Tears fall from Yamato's eyes as Susanoo looks back at him once more before flying into the sun destroying himself and Tsukiyomi.

### Oto Tachibana

She's the sister to Mikazuchi and love interest of Yamato. She was sent as an undercover agent to win Yamato's trust and steal Susanoo away from Yamato and murder him. Things become complicated as Oto develops a real bond with the group and even falls for Yamato. Because she has been contaminated, she was also marked for death amongst her peers. She later finds out that she's actually not related to Mikazuchi, but a little girl taken away from her real mother. Mikazuchi however never knew about this and after being possessed by Orochi he used the dark energies of Orochi to corrupt Oto's soul. It was not until Orochi broken the psionic bind between Mikazuchi and his mech that her mind was free from dark influence. Towards the end of the series she now lives in the village along with Yamato. There was no epilogue to speak of her fate, but it is assumed that she will eventually have a real romantic relationship with Yamato and marry him.

In After War, Oto had because a member of the Yakumo Village along with Hayamika. When Shuranoo attacks the village, she is kidnapped and taken to Tsukiyomi who then reveals that it is a parasite that had latched on to her mum's body. She is then absorbed by Tsukiyomi while her mum is released. Yamato follows but is hesitant at attacking because Oto was a part of it. In the end Yamato realises that to defeat Tsukiyomi they need to fly her into the sun so he grabs her and heads towards the sun but before they reach the sun Mikazuchi appears and tells them to live their lives full and tells them that he approves of them causing tears to run down Oto's face. Mikazuchi frees them and sends them back towards the Dragon Carrier as Susanoo and Tsukiyomi meet their ends.

### Roka

He's the best friend to Yamato and in many ways his second conscience. Roka was always afraid of the things Yamato would do because it tends to be dangerous or morally conflicting. When Yamato chose to leave their village, Roka tagged along for the journey. Through their adventures together between battling Sky Warriors and avoiding danger, he learned to become a stronger person. By the time they returned to their home village, Roka has become wiser and braver than he used to. He returns in After War as a scholar and wears glasses now.

### Sky Warriors and Soldiers

In the anime, all the giant alien robots are called "Demon Air War Gods" or "Dark Sky Warriors" in Japanese. These robots are bio-mechanized with their own personalities, feelings, and unique powers. All the pilots of these fantastic machines are actually kidnapped children that were trained to be obedient, skillful, and murderous agents of their dark priestess. Though robotic in form, they are made through bio-mechanical incubation and have the ability to evolve over time to take even more powerful forms. All "Demon Air War Gods" recharge through special bacta-like pods which repairs and recharges their energies, but because they are also living machines they can eat as well. All their internal cockpits have crystal orbs which act as an interface with their pilot and also respond to human emotions to react accordingly to the pilots feelings. In After War, when Susanoo's arm is cut off it reveals a beating body of flesh underneath that further proves that the Sky Warriors are indeed alive. Because this series was never English subbed/dubbed, only their Japanese names remains:

Susanoo Susanoo once belonged to a merciless unnamed pilot that used Susanoo's powers to destroy seven worlds. Susanoo's pilot for unexplained reasons landed upon the green planet and died there leaving his sword behind along with his remains. Yamato would eventually stumble upon Susanoo and used its destructive powers for good, but never once realizing that inside Susanoo also lies the dark spirit of the one of eight-headed dragon. Through combat, Susanoo eventually evolved into a larger and more powerful form to defeat his enemies. The dark dragon spirit that once resided in Susanoo left when the very energies that bound him were used to revive Yamato. In time the dark energies that resided in Susanoo were cleansed through Yamato's journey. Susanoo would eventually develop a psychic link with Yamato and respond to his every thought and intention. In the After War OVA Susanoo is once again called upon against a revived Shuranoo but because of Yamato's unwillingness to destroy Mikazuchi, Susanoo is beaten and loses an arm in the process. Shuranoo pushes Susanoo into the Yakumo lake where it was healed by the Dragon Carrier and subsequently evolve into his 3rd form which is a red samurai-themed armor. In the end, Yamato takes Susanoo towards the sun taking Tsukiyomi and Oto with it, but Mikazuchi intervenes and takes control of Susanoo and sends Yamato and Oto back to Earth as he sacrifices himself to kill Tsukiyomi and approving Yamato and Oto being together. Shuranoo Amon pilots "the strongest demon air war God." Shuranoo was coined the "most powerful." While under Amon's piloting skills Shuranoo was indeed formidable, but proven at best on par in battle strength with Gaiou and Susanoo. After Amon died, no one else was left to pilot Shuranoo and so Shuranoo was left behind in the "Dark Sky Carriage". Its fate was left an answered until After War where it is revealed that it had survived the "Dark Sky Carriage"'s destruction. It appears in Yakumo village in the dead of night where it starts to cause chaos forcing Yamato to pilot Susanoo again. It is revealed that in fact Mikazuchi was controlling it. It easily beats Susanoo and then kidnaps Oto who is inside Tamanoo to Tsukiyomi. Its next appearance is when Tsukiyomi creates an amalgamation of all the defeated Dark Air War Gods and the remains of the Yamata no Orochi into one horrific beast. Only through Susanoo using light from the sun powering his sword was the beast defeated. Tamanoo Tamanoo is initially piloted by Amatsumi but after he is killed by Kiriomi, Yamato's new friend Kaon tries to pilot it. Even though Amatsumi was dead, Tamanoo is still shrouded in his evil presence. Only through Yamato playing his ocarina is the evil presence destroyed and Kaon is able to pilot it. In Susanoo's first stage Tamanoo towers over it but the difference is less apparent in its second stage. In After War, during Susanoo and Ashuranoo's battle, Oto pilots Tamanoo but after Shuranoo knocks Susanoo into the lake, it kidnaps Oto and takes her to Tsukiyomi. Its next appearance is when Tsukiyomi creates an amalgamation of all the defeated Dark Air War Gods and the remains of the YamatanoOrochi into one horrific beast. Only through Susanoo using light from the sun powering his sword was the beast defeated. Tokinoo Kushinada pilots Tokinoo. Tokinoo and Shishinoo are both defeated by Gaioh. Its last appearance is when Tsukiyomi creates an amalgamation of all the defeated Dark Air War Gods and the remains of the Yamata no Orochi into one horrific beast. Only through Susanoo using light from the sun powering his sword was the beast defeated. Shishinoo Kiriyuu pilots Shishinoo. Kiriyuu has the ability to predict his enemie's movements which gives him an advantage though it is useless when there are thunderstorms. Shishinoo and Tokinoo are both defeated by Gaioh. Its last appearance is when Tsukiyomi creates an amalgamation of all the defeated Dark Air War Gods and the remains of the Yamata no Orochi into one horrific beast. Only through Susanoo using light from the sun powering his sword was the beast defeated. Kazenoo Kiriomi pilots Kazenoo, a blue and green schemed "Dark Sky Warrior." Though not the most powerful, it was a high speed combatant able to fly and move swifter than any of the mechs. It was the fourth mech to pursue and destroy Susanoo and Yamato. After several failed attempts to kill Yamato and procure Susanoo, Kazenii and Kiriomi were presumed destroyed as the mech was destroyed in battle and Kiriomi falling into molten rock. However in a later episode it is revealed that Kazenoo was discarded into space. While a little banged up, it wasn't blown into pieces as last scene. It was left as floating space debris above a blue planet where Kiriomi was actually held imprisoned in a crystal casing. After Kiriomi was revived and reformed, Kazenoo was part of the Golden Dragon Carriage's complement and protected Yamato's village when it was attacked during the final stages of the battle. Kazenoo is one of the few mechs in this series that endured the most beatings and managed to survive throughout the whole series. It is presumed Kiriomi has either taken Kazenoo with him to another place or left to "sleep" in a cave like Susanoo as such machines are no longer needed in time of peace. In After War, when Tsukiyomi creates a horrific creature formed from the remains of the YamatanoOrochi and the defeated Dark Air War Gods, Susanoo repeatedly slashes at the beast but its regeneration meant he was only using up his energy. At this time, Kazenoo piloted by Kiriomi appears to help him. After the beast is slain, Tsukiyomi tries to escape into outer space and Kazenoo follows only to be hit by an attack that disintegrates his shoulder armour and sends him flying back towards the Dragon Carrier. Aranoo Ouka pilots Amanoo and the least violent one of the group. He always had feelings for Oto, but never once told her of his feelings for her. He initially tries to approach Yamato to give Oto a message from Mikazuchi. Later it fights with Susanoo but Oto climbs into Susanoo and thrusts the Sword of Kusanagi into Aranoo's chest and injures Ouka. Mikazuchi takes Aranoo after knocking out Ouka to fight a renewed Susanoo who blocks his fatal attack on an unconscious Yamato. Yamato climbs onto Susanoo and renews his fight with Mikazuchi. Aranoo loses because of the previous damage to its body and a piece of shrapnel flies towards Oto who is watching the fight on a cliff. When Aranoo was defeated and exploded, the arm was still intact and fell on top of Oto. Ouka uses all his strength to hold up the weight of the mech arm to have Yamato save Oto. Because he was severely injured the weight of the arm fell on him and as he was dying he gave a small white flower to Oto and died. They later removed his body and gave him a proper burial. Its last appearance is when Tsukiyomi creates an amalgamation of all the defeated Dark Air War Gods and the remains of the Yamata no Orochi into one horrific beast. Only through Susanoo using light from the sun powering his sword was the beast defeated. Tsukinoo Hayamika pilots Tsukinoo. Tsukinoo resembles a female samurai-like Sky Warrior with violet coloring scheme. Tsukinoo appeared to kill Takeru after she was tricked in rage to kill him. After she calmed down, Tsukinoo suffered a conflict between Tsukinoo when her emotions caused a backlash in the system and caused her Sky Warrior to go berserk and explode. Its last appearance is when Tsukiyomi creates an amalgamation of all the defeated Dark Air War Gods and the remains of the Yamata no Orochi into one horrific beast. Only through Susanoo using light from the sun powering his sword was the beast defeated. Gaiou The "demon air war god" which takes in the "Spirit of the Eight Headed Dragon" from Susanoo. Gaiou was the latest "Dark Sky Warrior" to be made by the Dark Priestess and rewarded to Mikazuchi if he completed his mission of recovering Susanoo and killing Yamato. During the battle between Susanoo, Yamato died and was revived by the same powers that bound the "Spirit of the Eight Headed Dragon" and went wild. After several failed attacks on Yamato, the "Spirit of the Eight Headed Dragon" spirited into space where it sensed Gaiou. Overriding Gaiou's systems, it possessed the mech and "rescued" Mikazuchi to use him as a vessel to achieve its goals. Because the "Spirit of the Eight Headed Dragon" resides within Gaiou, he can act on his own with intent. After "Spirit of the Eight Headed Dragon" made it to its incubating body within the "Dark Sky Carriage", Gaiou was vaporized as the Eight Headed Dragon was revived. Gaiou may not be the most powerful, but Mikazuchi proved he can go head to head with anyone who fights him including Susanoo and Shuranoo. Nearing the final stages of the anime he is able to acquire the power of Amanoshiratori and combines gaioh with it, giving Gaiou and additional layer of armor. In this state he is able to defeat both Shishinoo and Tokinoo at the same time. Gaiou was never defeated in battle, but the power of Orochi's rebirth destroyed Gaiou, Shuranoo, and the entire floating fortress Death Star Yomi. It does not appear in After War. Amano Shiratori The Amanoshiratori is a legendary bird that Yamato tries to acquire the power of to stop Tsukiyomi. The Amanoshiratori gives Yamato a test. Whether he values its power more or his friend's lives. Mikazuchi is also present but Yamato could not give up his friends for the power of Amanoshiratori and so Mikazuchi takes its power to make Gaiou even stronger. When Oto's body is taken over by the "Spirit of the Eight Headed Dragon", she pilots it. When Gaiou is vaporized in the "Dark Sky Carriage", so is Amanoshiratori's body. But when Susanoo falls from the "Dark Sky Carriage", Amanoshirotori's spirit flies down to protect Susanoo and Yamato. It does not appear in After War.

## Episodes

1 Revival of the Giant 2 Great disaster 3 Journey to the world of the unknown 4 Girl of the oasis 5 Human of legend Mahoroba 6 Silence of Susanoo 7 Lion of the desert 8 The Space ship Amenoukihune 9 Strange rival 10 Stolen Susanoo! 11 Susanoo Retrieval 12 The Legendary Sword Kusanagi 13 Shivering of Demon God Aranoo 14 Soldier of Mystery Ouka 15 Susanoo crosses the sea 16 Sorrowful decision of Oto 17 Birth of the new Susannoo 18 Ouka's love filled sacrifice 19 Grapple machine death ring 20 Rule of Mizuho 21 Battle for Reputation and Glory 22 Amatsumi's trap 23 Last day of Mizuho 24 The sleeping people of the Moon 25 The Shaking Dragon Carrier 26 Earth citizens of the Moon World 27 Imprisonment of Kiriomi 28 Oto's secret 29 Boy of Mystery Kaon 30 Divine Bird Amanoshiratori 31 Discarded Shell of Orochi 32 Susano of the Yellow Spring Kingdom 33 Last ordeal 34 Battle of Yakumo 35 Intrusion! Dark Sky Carriage 36 Shining Wind Yamato Takeru 37 Everyone's Courage

### After War (OVA)

1 2

## Music

* Osamu Tezuka (OST)

Theme Song Performances By:

Opening Theme:

* "真夏の扉 (Manatsu no Tobira; Door to Midsummer)" by Glay (eps 1–18)
* "Flower of Desert" by Naoko Hamasaki (eps 19–37)

Ending Theme:

* "Rain" by Glay (eps 1–18)
* "Twilight Songs" by Naoko Hamasaki (eps 19–37)

## InfoBox

| Yamato Takeru | |
| --- | --- |
| Box cover of *Yamato Takeru complete edition* 7 DVD | |
| ヤマトタケル | |
| Genre | Adventure, Comedy, Mecha |
| Anime television series | |
| Directed by | Shuji Iuchi (chief director) <br>Katsuyoshi Yatabe |
| Studio | Nippon Animation |
| Original network | JNN (TBS) |
| Original run | April 9, 1994  December 24, 1994 |
| Episodes | 37 |
| Original video animation | |
| *Yamato Takeru: After War* | |
| Directed by | Shuji Iuchi |
| Studio | Zero-G Room |
| Released | November 22, 1995 |
| Runtime | 45 minutes (each) |
| Episodes | 2 |


title: Véronique Gouverneur

abstract: Véronique Gouverneur is the Waynflete Professor of Chemistry at Magdalen College at the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom. Prior to the Waynflete professorship, she held a tutorial fellowship at Merton College, Oxford. Her research on fluorine chemistry has received many professional and scholarly awards.

text:
# Véronique Gouverneur

**Véronique Gouverneur** FRS (born 8 November 1964 in Geel, Belgium) is the Waynflete Professor of Chemistry at Magdalen College at the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom. Prior to the Waynflete professorship, she held a tutorial fellowship at Merton College, Oxford. Her research on fluorine chemistry has received many professional and scholarly awards.

## Education

Gouverneur obtained her undergraduate degree (a master's degree in chemistry), and then in 1991 her doctorate, from the Université catholique de Louvain. She moved in 1992 to the Scripps Research Institute in the US, returning to Europe in 1994. She accepted a position of Maître de Conférence at Louis Pasteur University, working with Charles Mioskowski and was associate member of the Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires.

## Career and research

She joined the department of chemistry at Oxford in 1998, becoming reader in 2006 and professor in 2008. In her research career, she chose fluorine chemistry as a distinctive area to focus on because fluorine compounds have many applications, including in pharmaceutical drugs and in positron emission tomography (PET) scans. She has also had visiting professor posts at the University of Paris X and the Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry. In 2022, she was appointed as the Waynflete Professor of Chemistry, a post that dates back to 1865.

## Awards and honours

Gouverneur won the AstraZeneca Research Award for organic chemistry in 2005. She was the 2008 winner of the Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) Bader Award, "for her important contributions to synthetic organofluorine chemistry." In 2010, she was elected Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry and received the IUPAC Distinguished Woman in Chemistry Award. In 2011 she was awarded the Liebig Lectureship Award of the Organic Division of the German Chemical Society. In 2012, she was holding the Blaise Pascal Chair (ENS/CEA, France). In 2013, the UK's Royal Society selected her as one of 27 Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award holders. In 2015, Gouverneur received the American Chemical Society Award for Creative Work in Fluorine Chemistry "for her contribution to late-stage fluorination and for invigorating creatively the field of \[18F\] radiochemistry for applications in Positron Emission Tomography." In 2016, she was an International Visiting Research Scholar of the Peter Wall Institute for Advanced Studies (University of British Columbia) and held the Tetrahedron Chair at the Belgian Organic Synthesis Symposium (BOSS) meeting. That year, she received the RSC Tilden Prize for her interdisciplinary work in the area of organofluorine chemistry and radiochemistry, and the impact of her discoveries in medicine.

In 2017, Gouverneur become an elected member of the European Academy of Sciences (EURASC). She received a European Research Council Advanced Grant in 2018. In 2019, she received the RSC Organic Stereochemistry Award and the Prelog Medal (ETH). In the same year, she was the president of the Bürgenstock Conference—the Swiss Chemical Society conference on stereochemistry—and was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 2019. In 2021, she was awarded the Henri Moissan International Prize for her work in fluorine chemistry. In 2022, she received the Arthur C. Cope Award conferred by the American Chemical Society and was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. In 2022, she also received the European Chemical Society's award for Female Organic Chemist of the Year.

## InfoBox

| Véronique GouverneurFRS | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1964-11-08) 8 November 1964
Geel, Belgium |
| Alma mater | Université catholique de Louvain (MSc, PhD) |
| Awards | Bader Award (2008)
Distinguished Woman in Chemistry Award (2010)
Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award (2013)
Tilden Prize (2016)
Fellow of the Royal Society (2019)
Henri Moissan Prize (2021)

Arthur C. Cope Award (2022) |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Chemistry |
| Institutions |  |
| Doctoral advisor | Léon Ghosez |
|  | |
| Website | www.chem.ox.ac.uk/people/veronique-gouverneur |


abstract: The United Nations Angola Verification Mission I was a peacekeeping mission that existed from January 1989 to June 1991 in Angola during the civil war. It was established by United Nations Security Council Resolution 626 on December 20, 1988. In the civil war, the Soviet Union and Cuba backed the Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola (MPLA), while South Africa and the United States backed the União Nacional para a Independência Total de Angola (UNITA). The MPLA became the stronger party. UNAVEM I's purpose was oversee withdrawal of the Cuban troops. This mission was a success. The United Nations created a follow-up mission, United Nations Angola Verification Mission II, in 1991.

text:
# United Nations Angola Verification Mission I

The **United Nations Angola Verification Mission I** (**I UNAVEM**) was a peacekeeping mission that existed from January 1989 to June 1991 in Angola during the civil war. It was established by United Nations Security Council Resolution 626 on December 20, 1988.

In the civil war, the Soviet Union and Cuba backed the Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola (MPLA), while South Africa and the United States backed the União Nacional para a Independência Total de Angola (UNITA). The MPLA became the stronger party.

UNAVEM I's purpose was oversee withdrawal of the Cuban troops. This mission was a success.

The United Nations created a follow-up mission, United Nations Angola Verification Mission II, in 1991.

## Awards

The UN issued awards for this mission:  United Nations Medal (*UNAVEM I \- Angola*)

## InfoBox

United Nations Angola Verification Mission I
|
|  |
| Abbreviation | I-UNAVEM |
| Successor | United Nations Angola Verification Mission II |
| Established | January 1989 |
| Founder | United Nations |
| Dissolved | June 1991 |
| Purpose | Peacekeeping |
| Region served | Angola |


title: Tirador

abstract: Tirador is a 2007 film directed by Brillante Mendoza. Produced by the Centerstage Productions, the film shows the political undertones of the Filipinos who are living in poverty.

text:
# Tirador

***Tirador*** (transl.*Slingshot*) is a 2007 film directed by Brillante Mendoza. Produced by the Centerstage Productions, the film shows the political undertones of the Filipinos who are living in poverty.

## Plot

The film revolves around the lives of Rex, Caloy, Leo and Odie in the streets of Quiapo, Manila. Quiapo is known to be one of the most crowded, depressed and notorious areas in Manila. The movie was set during Holy Week and the 2007 elections that showed both the political and religious stands of a typical Filipino in the slums. The low-life criminals are portrayed in a way that humanizes them, and was compared to the corrupt and hypocritical politicians who exploits the poor.

## Cast

## Production

The movie was produced by Centerstage Productions, Rollingball Entertainment and Ignite Media. Tirador was distributed in the Philippines through the same production in 2007 and was also shown internationally in France through Swift Distribution and Peccadillo Pictures in 2009 in UK.

## Themes and symbolism

### Low-life and character depth

The movie showed the cruelty of the society and how a regular Filipino, living in the slums survives another day.

### Machismo

Tirador showed how men are forced into machismo, and how weak a human soul is. Evil has its own way to corrupt the minds of people in all social classes because of strong and selfish human urges.

## Impact

The main actors played realistic roles, that mirrored how men live in the slum area. The movie exposed the contrasts of corruption in all classes, where the influential was placed in the hot seat. It also showed the difference of societal levels and the animalistic instinct of humans to survive.

## InfoBox

| Tirador | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Brillante Mendoza |
| Written by | Joel Ralston Jover |
| Produced by | Ferdinand Lapuz |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | * Jeffrey dela Cruz * Brillante Mendoza * Gary Tria * Julius Palomo Villanueva |
| Edited by | Charliebebs Gohetia |
| Music by | Tere Barrozo |
| Production<br>companies | * Center Stage Productions * Rollingball Entertainment * Ignite Media |
| Distributed by | * Center Stage Productions * Peccadillo Pictures |
| Release dates |  |
| Running time | 126 minutes |
| Country | Philippines |
| Language | Filipino |


title: William W. Wemple Jr.

abstract: William W. Wemple Jr. was an American lawyer and politician. He served as a member of the New York State Assembly from 1930 to 1931.

text:
# William W. Wemple Jr.

**William W. Wemple Jr.** (March 5, 1898 - October 14, 1972) was an American lawyer and politician. He served as a member of the New York State Assembly from 1930 to 1931.

## InfoBox

| William W. Wemple Jr. | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | March 5, 1898 |
| Died | October 14, 1972 (aged 74)
Schenectady, New York, U.S. |
| Education | Union College
Albany Law School |
| Occupation(s) | Lawyer, politician |


title: Piquet Racing

abstract: Piquet Racing was a short-lived British Formula 3000 racing team set up in 1992 by Brazilian Formula One world champion Nelson Piquet and Nigel Stepney. The team entered a single car for Olivier Beretta, a young Monegasque friend of Piquet, in the 1992 Formula 3000 season. The season was without much success, though, as Beretta failed to score any points, and third on the grid at the Spa-Francorchamps round was the highlight of the season. The team did not return for 1993.

text:
# Piquet Racing

**Piquet Racing** was a short-lived British Formula 3000 racing team set up in 1992 by Brazilian Formula One world champion Nelson Piquet and Nigel Stepney.

The team entered a single car for Olivier Beretta, a young Monegasque friend of Piquet, in the 1992 Formula 3000 season. The season was without much success, though, as Beretta failed to score any points, and third on the grid at the Spa-Francorchamps round was the highlight of the season. The team did not return for 1993.

## Complete Formula 3000 results

(key) (Races in **bold** indicate pole position; races in *italics* indicate fastest lap)

| Year | Chassis | Engine | Tyres | Driver | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | TC | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1992 | Reynard 92D | Mugen Honda
Ford Cosworth |  |  | SIL | PAU | CAT | PER | HOC | NÜR | SPA | ALB | NOG | MAG | 14th | 0 |
| | | | Olivier Beretta | 9 | Ret | Ret | Ret | Ret | 9 | Ret | 17 | 9 | Ret |

1. "Nigel Stepney, Grandprix.com". *www.grandprix.com*. Retrieved 20 June 2024.

## InfoBox

Piquet Racing
| Founded | 1992 |
| --- | --- |
| Founder(s) | Nelson Piquet
Nigel Stepney |
| Folded | 1992 |
| Team principal(s) | Nelson Piquet |
| Former series | Formula 3000 |


title: Piquesept

abstract: Piquesept is an extinct German card game of the ace–ten family that is recorded from 1798 to 1840. It had the unusual features that the player with the Seven of Spades played it out immediately, automatically collecting the highest card from each defender and then did not have to follow suit, unlike the other players.

text:
# Piquesept

**Piquesept** is an extinct German card game of the ace–ten family that is recorded from 1798 to 1840. It had the unusual features that the player with the Seven of Spades played it out immediately, automatically collecting the highest card from each defender and then did not have to follow suit, unlike the other players.

## History

Piquesept appears in several publications in 1798, its rules being recorded that same year by Cäsar and ascribed to a certain "Herr LE Kehr". Identical reprints of the rules, published in Berlin and Vienna, followed in the years to 1840. The fact that it is an ace–ten game in which the 10s rank low suggests it may well be older.

## Cards

The game uses a standard 32-card Piquet pack and four players receive 8 cards each. If three play, two Eights are removed – these must not include the 8 – and ten cards are dealt to each player. Spades are always trumps. The Seven of Spades is the commanding card; after it rank the cards of the trump suit in their natural order: 7 A K Q J 10 9 8. The side suits rank in natural order but with the Seven as the lowest card in each case.

Piquesept is an ace–ten game with the normal card values: Ace - 11, Ten - 10, King - 4, Queen 3 and Jack - 2. The Seven of Spades is also worth 10 points making a total of 130 points in the game. There are no points for taking the last trick as in some other ace–ten games.

## Play

The player with the 7 becomes the soloist and plays against the other three. He immediately plays the 7 to the table and each defender must then play his highest trump or, if he has none, his highest non-trump card. These are taken by the soloist and count towards his score at the end. Next, the player to the left of the soloist draws a card, unseen, from the soloist and gives in exchange a card of his choice. Thus the soloist may well lose a strong card in return for a worthless non-counter. The soloist then leads to the next trick.

The defenders must follow suit or trump if unable. However, the soloist has the advantage that he need not follow suit, but may use his trumps to win tricks containing high-scoring side suit cards. The winner is the side with 66 points or more.

## Footnotes

1. Cäsar (1798), pp. 219–220.
2. *Jahrbuch der Freude* (1798), pp. 75/76.
3. Engelmanns (1798).
4. Cäsar (1800), pp. 42–43.
5. _ (1805), pp. 219–220.
6. _ (1810), pp. 219–220.
7. _ (1840), pp. 219–220.

## Literature

* _ (1798). *Jahrbuch der Freude für 1798*. Oct 1797. Leipzig: Salomon Lincke.
* _ (1805). *Neuestes Spielbuch.* Vienna: Johann Georg Edlen von Mößle.
* _ (1810). *Neuestes Spielbuch*. Vienna: Johann Georg Edlen v. Mößle.
* _ (1840). *Vollständiges Spielbuch.* Vienna: J.G. Ritter von Mösle's Witwe und Braumüller.
* Caesar (1798). *Neuer Spiel-Almanach fürs Jahr 1798*. Berlin: Wilhelm Oehmigke dem Jüngern.
* Cäsar, Julius (1799). *Neuester Almanach für Spieler*. Berlin.
* Cäsar, Julius (1800). *Neuester Spielalmanach.* Berlin.
* Engelmanns, Theodor (1798). *Anleitung zum Piquet- Tresett- Boston- Kasino- Konnectionen- Piquesept- Goodhope- und Kleeblattspiel etc.* Berlin. Listed in: Kiesewetter, Johann Gottfried Carl Christian (1798). *Versuch einer fasslichen Darstellung der wichtigsten Wahrheiten der neuern Philosophie für Uneingeweihte.* Berlin:Wilhelm Oehmigke dem jüngern. and in _ (1798). *Journal der Erfindungen, Theorien und Widersprüche in der Natur- und Arzneiwissenschaft*. Gotha: Justus Perthes.

## InfoBox

Piquesept
| A point-trick game of the ace–ten family | |
| --- | --- |
| The commanding card in Piquesept | |
| Origin | Germany |
| Alternative names | *Piqueseptspiel* |
| Type | Point-trick |
| Players | 3-4 |
| Cards | 32 |
| Deck | French-suited cards |
| Rank (high→low) | Trumps: 7 A K Q J 10 9 8<br>Side suits: A K Q J 10 – 7 |
| Play | Presumed clockwise |
| Spades are permanent trumps | |