abstract: This is a List of World Championships medalists in sailing in multihull classes.

text:
# List of World Championships medalists in sailing (multihull classes)

This is a **List of World Championships medalists in sailing in multihull classes**.

## A-Catamaran

## Dart 18

## Hobie 16

### Open

| Year | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1976 Honolulu | United States
Dean Froome
John Driscoll | United States
Richard Loufek
Jeff Canepa | United States

 |
| 1978 South Padre Island | South Africa
Mick Whitehead
Colin Whitehead | United States

 | United States

 |
| 1980 St. Croix | Australia
Brett Dryland
Jason Hardman | South Africa
Blaine Dodds
Shaun Ferry | Puerto Rico

 |
| 1982 Papeete | United States
Jeff Alter Jr
Patty McGuire | South Africa
Blaine Dodds
Shaun Ferry | Australia

 |
| 1984 Fort Walton Beach | Australia
Gary Metcalf
Chris Metcalf | Australia

 | Australia

 |
| 1986 Suva | Australia
Gary Metcalf
Chris Metcalf | Puerto Rico

 | United States

 |
| 1988 Scheveningen | Australia
Gary Metcalf
Brian Miers | United States

 | United States

 |
| 1991 Langebaan | South Africa
David Kry
M. van der Merv | South Africa

 | South Africa

 |
| 1993 Petit-Bourg | South Africa
Shaun Ferry
Shelly Polson | Brazil
Claudio Cardoso
Frederico Monteiro | United States
Carlson Tucker
Ann Marie Avaling |
| 1995 Huatulco | Australia
Aaron Worrall
David Sylvester | Brazil
Claudio Cardoso
Frederico Monteiro | South Africa
Shaun Ferry
Alison Lewis |
| 1996 Dubai | Brazil
Claudio Cardoso
Frederico Monteiro | South Africa
William
Lucinda Edwards | Australia
Aaron Worrall
David Sylvester |
| 1997 Sotogrande | France
Gwanael Roth
Thierry Monfret | French Polynesia
Phillipe Hars
Maxime Pouvreau | Papua New Guinea
Mark Laruffa
Liz Wardley |
| 1998 Airlie Beach | South Africa
Blaine Dodds
Steve Arnold | Australia
Michael Butler
Linda de Bievre/Liz Wardley | Australia
Dryland Woods
Tracy Woods |
| 2000 Petit-Bourg | French Polynesia
Hervé Bride
Thierry Bride | France
Claude Theillier
Lawrence Imbert | France
Francis Morvan
Matthieu Vandam |
| 2002 Nouméa | Australia
Gavin Colby
Simone Mattfield | Netherlands
Mitch Booth
Taylor Booth | France
Thibaut Vauchel-Camus
Matheas Lassnig |
| 2004 Riviera Maya | France
Axel Silvy
Pauline Jupin | Australia
Gavin Colby
Simone Mattfield | Australia
Andrew Keag
Naomi Angwin |
| 2005 Port Elizabeth | South Africa
Shaun Ferry
Michele le Sueur | South Africa
Blaine Dodds
Roxanne Dodds | Germany
Ingo Delius
Katrin Wiese-Dohse |
| 2007 Suva | Australia
Mick Butler
Susan Etherington | France
Christophe Renaud
Alban Rossolin | Australia
Cam Owen
Susan Ferris |

### Women's

| Year | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1989 Chicago | Puerto Rico

 | United States

 | Australia

 |
| 1992 Bear Lake | Puerto Rico

 | United States

 | United States

 |
| 1995 Huatulco | United States
Annie Nelson
Shala Youngerman | United States
Susan Korzeniewski
Loralee Smith | France
Gael Mercier
Caroline Maby |
| 1996 Dubai | Australia
Kerry Ireland
Jennifer Dickson | United States
Amilee Larcher
Susan Welch | South Africa
Inge Schabort
Gillian Ansley |
| 1997 Sotogrande | France
Frédérique Pfeiffer
Françoise Dettling | Germany
Gaby Hansen
Gönna Dörhage | Germany
Ulla Becker
Dagmar Albera |
| 1998 Airlie Beach | Australia
Kerry Ireland
Jacinta Tonner | France
Frédérique Pfeiffer
Françoise Dettling | New Caledonia
Emmanuelle Merto
Monique Chollet |
| 2000 Petit-Bourg | France
Frédérique Pfeiffer
Françoise Dettling | Germany
Ulla Becher
Dagmar Albers | France
Birgit Krahe
Marie San Nguyen Canh |
| 2002 Nouméa | New Caledonia
Lauren Pelen
Lea Jeandott | Australia
Belinda Zanesco
Naomi Angwin | New Caledonia
Charlotte Picou
Lauren Beaumont |
| 2004 Riviera Maya | Mexico
Pamela Noriega
Martha Noriega | Puerto Rico
Rosarito Martinez
Kamil Berrios | Australia
Belinda Zanesco
Nicky Souter |

## Hobie 17

| Year | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1988 Maui | Mike Metcalf (AUS) | Chris Metcalf (AUS) | Carlton Tucker (USA) |
| 1990 Toronto | Bob Seaman (USA) | Carlton Tucker (USA) | Bruce Bechtold (FRG) |
| 1996 Sitges | Bruce Bechtold (GER) | Luis Fernández (ESP) | Detlef Peters (GER) |
| 1999 Melbourne | Steve Fields (AUS) | Daniel Kulkoski (USA) | Jeffrey Newsome (USA) |
| 2005 Melbourne | Aaron Worrall (AUS) | Daniel Kulkoski (USA) | Greg Raybon (USA) |

## Hobie 18

| Year | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1981 Daytona Beach | Australia
Ian Bashford
Steven Wheelan | United States
Phil Berman
 | United States
Miles Wood
Dan Mangus |
| 1983 Hyères | Australia
Brett Dryland
Robin Whitehead | United States
Carlton Tucker
 | United States
David Rodgers
 |
| 1985 Port Macquarie | Australia
Gary Metcalf
Brian Myers | United States
Carlton Tucker
 | Australia
Ian Bashford
 |
| 1987 Toronto | Australia
Brent Dryland
D. Dryland | United States
Carlton Tucker
 | Australia
Mark Laruffa
Gary McLennan |
| 1989 Monterey | Australia
Gray Metcalf
Matthew Stephens | Australia
Mark Laruffa
Matt Byrne | United States
Jeff Alter Jr
Meagan Burch |
| 1991 Gaeta | Australia
Clive Kennedy
Donna Kennedy | United States
Jeff Alter
Kathy Ward | Australia
George Owen
Tracy Wood |
| 1996 Sitges | Australia
Brad Sumner
Amy Johnstone | Italy
Francesco Marcolin
Milena Cerbecto | Italy
Giovanni Passarelli
Daniela Baldi |
| 1999 Melbourne | Australia
Brad Sumner
Amy Johnstone | Australia
Aaron Worrall
Michael Coburn | Australia
Keith Middleton
Suzanne Middleton |
| 2005 Melbourne | Australia
Brad Sumner
Belinda Walcom | Australia
Andrew Nelson
Don McPhee | Australia
Richard Quinn
Michael Quinn |

## Hobie Dragoon

Megan du Plessis and Matthew Whitehead - March 2008

## Hobie Tiger

See class page as per link above

## Formula 16

## Formula 18

## M32

|  | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2017 Marstrand | New Zealand
Phil Robertson | Denmark
Jonas Warrer | New Zealand
Chris Steele |
| 2018 Chicago | China
Phil Robertson | United States
Rick DeVos | Netherlands
Pieter Taselaar |
| 2019 Riva del Garda | United States
Don Wilson | Netherlands
Pieter Taselaar | United States
Jennifer Wilson |
| 2021 Miami | United States
Don Wilson | United States
Anthony Kotoun & Joel Ronning | Sweden
Richard Goransson |
| 2022 Cascais | United States
Don Wilson | United States
Dan Cheresh | United States
Larry Phillips |

|}

## Nacra F18

1 Misha heemskerk with Bastiaan Tentij

## Nacra 17

|  | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2013 The Hague
 | France
Billy Besson
Marie Riou | Great Britain
Ben Saxton
Hannah Diamond | Switzerland
Matías Bühler
Nathalie Brugger |
| 2014 Santander
 | France
Billy Besson
Marie Riou | Argentina
Santiago Lange
Cecilia Carranza | Australia
Jason Waterhouse
Lisa Darmanin |
| 2015 Aarhus
 | France
Billy Besson
Marie Riou | Australia
Jason Waterhouse
Lisa Darmanin | Netherlands
Mandy Mulder
Coen de Koning |
| 2016 Clearwater
 | France
Billy Besson
Marie Riou | Denmark
Allan Nørregaard
Anette Viborg Andreasen | Italy
Vittorio Bissaro
Silvia Sicouri |
| 2017 La Grande-Motte
 | Great Britain
Ben Saxton
Katie Dabson | Spain
Fernando Echávarri
Tara Pacheco | Italy
Ruggero Tita
Caterina Banti |
| 2018 Aarhus

 | Italy
Ruggero Tita
Caterina Banti | Australia
Nathan Outteridge
Haylee Outteridge | Argentina
Santiago Lange
Cecilia Carranza |
| 2019 Auckland
 | Italy
Vittorio Bissaro
Maelle Frascari | Denmark
Lin Cenholt
CP Lübeck | Australia
Jason Waterhouse
Lisa Darmanin |
| 2020 Geelong
 | Great Britain
John Gimson
Anna Burnet | Australia
Nathan Outteridge
Haylee Outteridge | Australia
Jason Waterhouse
Lisa Darmanin |
| 2021 Wudam Al Sahil
 | Great Britain
John Gimson
Anna Burnet | Italy
Gianluigi Ugolini
Maria Giubilei | Germany
Paul Kohlhoff
Alica Stuhlemmer |
| 2022 St. Margarets Bay
 | Italy
Ruggero Tita
Caterina Banti | Italy
Gianluigi Ugolini
Maria Giubilei | Finland
Sinem Kurtbay
Akseli Keskinen |
| 2023 The Hague
 | Italy
Ruggero Tita
Caterina Banti | Great Britain
John Gimson
Anna Burnet | Sweden
Emil Järudd
Hanna Jonsson |
| 2024 La Grande-Motte
 | Italy
Ruggero Tita
Caterina Banti | Great Britain
John Gimson
Anna Burnet | Italy
Gianluigi Ugolini
Maria Giubilei |

## Tornado

### Open

|  | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1968 Kiel | Great Britain
Ian Tremlett
Bill Tremlett |  |  |
| 1969 Melbourne | Australia
Maurice Davies
Ian Ramsay | Australia
Jim Dachtler
 |  |
| 1970 Eau Galle, Florida | United States
Paul Lindenberg
Jack Sammons |  |  |
| 1971 Weymouth | Great Britain
Ian Fraser
Tim Coventry |  |  |
| 1972 Travemünde | Austria
Robert Jessenig
Hans Polaschegg | United States
John Weiser
 | Great Britain
Ian Fraser
 |
| 1973 Toronto | United States
Bruce Stewart
Bruce Harvey | United States
John Weiser
Cappy Sheeley | United States
Roy Seaman
 |
| 1974 Honolulu | Austria
Robert Jessenig
Hans Polaschegg | United States
R Paul Allen
Woody Cox | United States
David McFaull
Michael Rothwell |
| 1975 Copenhagen | West Germany
Jörg Spengler
Jörg Schmall | Great Britain
Reginald White
John Osborn | United States
Bruce Badeau
Douglas Cummings |
| 1976 Sydney | Great Britain
Reginald White
John Osborn | Australia
Brian Lewis
Warren Rock | Australia
Jim Dachtler
 |
| 1977 Long Beach | West Germany
Jörg Spengler
Rolf Dullenkopf | Australia
Brian Lewis
Warren Rock | United States
Keith Notari
Dave Gamblin |
| 1978 Weymouth | Soviet Union
Viktor Potapov
Aleksander Sybin | Great Britain
Reginald White
Stephen Olle | Australia
Brian Lewis
Warren Rock |
| 1979 Kiel | Great Britain
Reginald White
Stephen Olle | Denmark
Peter Due
Per Kjaergaard | West Germany
Tobias Neuhann
Herbert Plenk |
| 1980 Auckland | Soviet Union
Viktor Potapov
Aleksander Sybin | Austria
Hans Prack
Gottlieb Peer | West Germany
Jörg Spengler
Jörg Schmall |
| 1981 Carnac | United States
Randy Smyth
Jay Glaser | Soviet Union
Jakov Kliver
Sergey Fogilev | France
Yves Loday
Christian Buet |
| 1982 Kingston | United States
Randy Smyth
Jay Glaser |  |  |
| 1983 Hayling Island | Australia
Christopher Cairns
Scott Anderson | Netherlands
Willy van Bladel
Huub Lambriex | France
Yves Loday
Franck Aussedat |
| 1984 Melbourne | Australia
Christopher Cairns
Scott Anderson | United States
Randy Smyth
Jay Glaser | Netherlands
Willy van Bladel
Huub Lambriex |
| 1985 Travemünde | Great Britain
Robert White
Jeremy Newman | United States
Randy Smyth
Jay Glaser | Denmark
Paul Elvstrøm
Trine Elvstrøm |
| 1986 Hamilton | Great Britain
Robert White
Jeremy Newman | West Germany
Stephan Lange
Michael Starken | Great Britain
Greg White
Daniel Campbell-Jones |
| 1987 Kiel | Austria
Andreas Hagara
Roman Hagara | Australia
Christ Cairns
John Forbes | Italy
Giorgio Zuccoli
Luca Santella |
| 1988 Tallinn | Soviet Union
Yuri Konovalov (sailor)
Sergey Kravtsov | France
Jean-Yves Le Déroff
Nicolas Hénard | Italy
Giorgio Zuccoli
Luca Santella |
| 1989 Houston | Australia
Mitch Booth
John Forbes | Italy
Giorgio Zuccoli
Angelo Glisoni | Australia
Allan Goddell
Greg Cann |
| 1990 Medemblik | France
Christophe Clevenot
Maurice Eisenblatter | Australia
Brad Schafferius
Lachlan Gilbert | Austria
Andreas Hagara
Roman Hagara |
| 1991 Cagliari | Italy
Giorgio Zuccoli
Angelo Glisoni | Italy
Walter Pirinoli
Marco Pirinoli | Germany
Oliver Schwall
René Schwall |
| 1992 Perth | Australia
Mitch Booth
John Forbes | Germany
Oliver Schwall
René Schwall | France
Frédéric le Peutrec
Richard de Mec |
| 1993 Long Beach | Germany
Oliver Schwall
René Schwall | Australia
Mitch Booth
John Forbes | France
Christophe Clevenot
Yvon Quernec |
| 1994 Båstad | Spain
Fernando León
José Luis Ballester | Germany
Helge Sach
Jens-Christian Sach | Australia
Mitch Booth
John Forbes |
| 1995 Kingston | Italy
Walter Pirinoli
Marco Pirinoli | France
Jean-Christofer Mourniac
Philippe Mourniac | Spain
Fernando León
José Luis Ballester |
| 1996 Brisbane | Germany
Roland Gäbler
Frank Parlow | Spain
Fernando León
José Luis Ballester | Australia
Darren Bundock
John Forbes |
| 1997 Hamilton | Germany
Roland Gäbler
René Schwall | Spain
Fernando León
José Luis Ballester | Australia
Mitch Booth
Andrew Beashel |
| 1998 Buzios | Australia
Darren Bundock
John Forbes | Germany
Roland Gäbler
René Schwall | Spain
Fernando León
José Luis Ballester |
| 1999 Vallensbæk | Austria
Roman Hagara
Hans-Peter Steinacher | Austria
Andreas Hagara
Wolfgang Moser | Germany
Roland Gäbler
René Schwall |
| 2000 Sydney | Germany
Roland Gäbler
René Schwall | Austria
Roman Hagara
Hans-Peter Steinacher | France
Jean-Christofer Mourniac
Philippe Mourniac |
| 2001 Richards Bay | Australia
Darren Bundock
John Forbes | Austria
Roman Hagara
Hans-Peter Steinacher | Great Britain
Hugh Styles
Adam May |
| 2002 Edgartown | Australia
Darren Bundock
John Forbes | France
Olivier Backes
Laurent Voiron | Netherlands
Mitch Booth
Herbert Dercksen |
| 2003 Cádiz | Australia
Darren Bundock
John Forbes | Great Britain
Leigh McMillan
Mark Bulkeley | Argentina
Santiago Lange
Carlos Espínola |
| 2004 Palma de Mallorca | Argentina
Santiago Lange
Carlos Espínola | United States
John Lovell
Charlie Ogletree | Australia
Darren Bundock
John Forbes |
| 2005 La Rochelle | Spain
Fernando Echávarri
Antón Paz | Great Britain
Leigh McMillan
Will Howden | France
Xavier Revil
Christophe Espagnon |
| 2006 San Isidro | Australia
Darren Bundock
Glenn Ashby | Argentina
Santiago Lange
Carlos Espínola | Austria
Roman Hagara
Hans-Peter Steinacher |
| 2007 Cascais | Spain
Fernando Echávarri
Antón Paz | Belgium
Carolijn Brouwer
Sébastien Godefroid | Netherlands
Mitch Booth
Pim Nieuwenhuis |
| 2008 North Shore City | Australia
Darren Bundock
Glenn Ashby | Canada
Oskar Johansson
Kevin Stittle | France
Yann Guichard
Alexandre Guyader |
| 2009 Bogliaco | Australia
Darren Bundock
Glenn Ashby | Austria
Thomas Zajac
Thomas Czajka | Greece
Iordanis Paschalidis
Konstantinos Trigkonis |
| 2010 Travemünde | Germany
Roland Gäbler
Nahid Gäbler | Greece
Iordanis Paschalidis
Konstantinos Trigkonis | Germany
Helge Sach
Christian Sach |
| 2011 Biel | Greece
Iordanis Paschalidis
Konstantinos Trigkonis | Germany
Roland Gäbler
Nahid Gäbler | Australia
Brett Burvill
Ryan Duffield |
| 2012 Torbole | Greece
Iordanis Paschalidis
Konstantinos Trigkonis | Germany
Roland Gäbler
Nahid Gäbler | Italy
Matteo Ferraglia
Lorenzo Bianchini |
| 2013 Ibiza | Greece
Iordanis Paschalidis
Konstantinos Trigkonis | Germany
Roland Gäbler
Nahid Gäbler | Australia
Brett Burvill
Faris Chase |
| 2014 Nedlands | Greece
Iordanis Paschalidis
Konstantinos Trigkonis | Australia
Brett Burvill
Ryan Duffield | Germany
Roland Gäbler
Nahid Gäbler |
| 2015 Carnac | Greece
Iordanis Paschalidis
Konstantinos Trigkonis | Germany
Roland Gäbler
Nahid Gäbler | Greece
Mavros Nikolaos
Tagaropoulos Alexandros |
| 2016 Lindau | Iordanis Paschalidis (GRE)
Konstantinos Trigonis (GRE) | Australia
Gavin Colby
Billy Leonard | Estela Jentsch (GER)
Daniel Brown (GER) |
| 2017
Thessaloniki (GRE)
23 Boats | Iordanis Paschalidis (GRE)
Konstantinos Trigonis (GRE) |  |  |
| 2018
La Grande Motte (FRA)
24 Boats | Iordanis Paschalidis (GRE)
Konstantinos Trigonis (GRE) | Brett Burvill (AUS)
Max Puttman (AUS) | Estela Jentsch (GER)
Daniel Brown (GER) |
| 2019
Takapuna (NZL)
23 Boats | Brett Burvill (AUS)
Max Puttman (AUS) | Jorg Steiner (SUI)
Michael Gloor (SUI) | Estela Jentsch (GER)
Daniel Brown (GER) |
| 2021
Thessaloniki (GRE)
17 Boats | Konstantinos Trigonis (GRE)
Konstantinos Kazantzis (GRE) | Michaela Pavlisova (CZE)
Marek Pavlis (CZE) | Nikolaos Mavros (GRE)
Periklis Aidinidis (GRE) |
| 2022
La Grande Motte (FRA)
24 Boats | Konstantinos Trigonis (GRE)
Konstantinos Kazantzis (GRE) | Yoann Trécul (FRA)
Thomas Ferrand (FRA) | Brett Burvill (AUS)
Kirsikka Raisainen (FIN) |
| 2023
Dervio (ITA)
30 Boats | Yoann Trécul (FRA)
Thomas Ferrand (FRA) | Angelika Kohlendorfer (AUT)
Calvin Claus (AUT) | Marcel Steiner (SUI)
Jörg Steiner (SUI) |
| 2024
Rimini (ITA)
29 Boats | Angelika Kohlendorfer (AUT)
Calvin Claus (AUT) | Marcel Steiner (SUI)
Ben Steiner (SUI) | Yoann Trécul (FRA)
Thomas Ferrand (FRA) |

### Mixed

|  | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2010 Travemünde | Germany
Roland Gäbler
Nahid Gäbler | Germany
Kiki Loweg
Florian Loweg | Germany
Andreas Behem
Katharina Behem |
| 2011 Biel | Germany
Roland Gäbler
Nahid Gäbler | Austria
Nicole Salzmann
Dietmar Salzmann | Switzerland
Martin Rusterholz
Julia Rusterholz |
| 2012 Torbole | Germany
Roland Gäbler
Nahid Gäbler | Germany
Dieter Maurer
Maren Odefey | Spain
Jürgen Jentsch
Sarah Steimer Klees |
| 2013 Ibiza | Germany
Roland Gäbler
Nahid Gäbler | Switzerland
Jean-Marc Cuanillion
Gudrun Kolb | Greece
Maria Tsausidou
Michael Papadopolus |
| 2014 Nedlands | Germany
Roland Gäbler
Nahid Gäbler | Spain
Jürgen Jentsch
Sarah Steimer Klees | Greece
Maria Tsausidou
Marc Baier |
| 2015 Carnac | Germany
Roland Gäbler
Nahid Gäbler | Switzerland
Jean-Marc Cuanillion
Gudrun Kolb | Czech Republic
Zdeněk Pavlis
Michaela Pavlisova |
| 2016 Lindau | Australia
Brett Burvill
Estela Jentsch | Greece
Maria Tsausidou
Michael Papadopolus | Czech Republic
Zdeněk Pavlis
Michaela Pavlisova |
| 2017 Thessaloniki | Czech Republic
Zdeněk Pavlis
Michaela Pavlisova | Germany
Jürgen Jentsch
Sarah Jentsch | Czech Republic
Markus Betz
Monika Schuster |
| 2018 La Grande Motte | Germany
Estela Jentsch
Daniel Brown | Austria
Dietmar Salzmann
Silvia Salzmann | Germany
Jürgen Jentsch
Sarah Jentsch |
| 2019 Takapuna | Germany
Estela Jentsch
Daniel Brown | Czech Republic
Zdeněk Pavlis
Michaela Pavlisova | Australia
Jared Eyles
Suzanne Eyles |
| 2021 Thessaloniki | Czech Republic
Michaela Pavlisova
Marek Pavlis | Czech Republic
Zdeněk Pavlis
Klara Pavlisova | Greece
Efstratios Kosmoglou
Maria Voyatzopoulou |
| 2022 La Grande Motte | Australia
Brett Burvill
Kirsikka Raisanen | Austria
Angelika Kohlendorfer
Calvin Claus | Czech Republic
Michaela Pavlisova
Marek Pavlis |
| 2023 Dervio | Austria
Angelika Kohlendorfer
Calvin Claus | Czech Republic
Zdenex Pavlis
Klara Pavlisova | Austria
Heinz Böhler
Katrin Oldenburg |
| 2024 Rimini | Austria
Angelika Kohlendorfer
Calvin Claus | Czech Republic
Michaela Pavlisova
Marek Pavlis | Austria
Dietmar Salzmann
Cornelia Salzmann |


title: Frazier Healthcare Partners

abstract: Frazier Healthcare Partners is a healthcare private equity and venture capital firm based in Seattle, Washington with offices in Menlo Park, California that invests across the U.S., Canada and Europe. The firm specializes in leveraged buyouts, growth equity and venture capital financing.

text:
# Frazier Healthcare Partners

**Frazier Healthcare Partners** is a healthcare private equity and venture capital firm based in Seattle, Washington with offices in Menlo Park, California that invests across the U.S., Canada and Europe. The firm specializes in leveraged buyouts, growth equity and venture capital financing.

## Background

Frazier Healthcare Partners was founded by Alan D. Frazier in 1991. With over $7.1 billion total capital raised, the firm has invested in over 200 companies and currently manages a portfolio of approximately 40 companies across healthcare services and life sciences sectors.

The firm’s Growth Buyout fund invests in healthcare and pharmaceutical services, medical products and related sectors. The Life Sciences fund invests in therapeutics and related areas that are addressing unmet medical needs through innovation.

In 2021, the investment firm closed its 10th dedicated healthcare fund focused on middle market companies, which was oversubscribed and hit its hard cap of $1.4 billion in total capital commitments.

## InfoBox

Frazier Healthcare Partners
|
|  |
| Company type | Private |
| Industry | Private equity |
| Founded | 1991 |
| Founder | Alan D. Frazier |
| Headquarters | Two Union Square, Seattle, WA, United States |
| Key people | Alan D. Frazier (Chairman) |
| Products |  |
| AUM | US$4.8 billion (2022) |
| Website | frazierhealthcare.com |


title: Xylota ejuncida

abstract: Xylota ejuncida,, the Polished Leafwalker, is a rare species of syrphid fly observed in the eastern North America. Syrphid flies are also known as Hover Flies or Flower Flies because the adults are frequently found hovering around flowers from which they feed on nectar and pollen. Adults are 9.6–10.9 mm (0.38–0.43 in) long. The larvae of this genus live under bark in sap runs.

text:
# Xylota ejuncida

***Xylota ejuncida*** , (Say, 1824), the  **Polished Leafwalker** , is a rare species of syrphid fly observed in the eastern North America . Syrphid flies are also known as Hover Flies or Flower Flies because the adults are frequently found hovering around flowers from which they feed on nectar and pollen. Adults are 9.6–10.9 mm (0.38–0.43 in) long. The larvae of this genus live under bark in sap runs.

## Distribution

Canada, United States.

## InfoBox

| *Xylota ejuncida* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Syrphidae |
| Subfamily: | Eristalinae |
| Tribe: | Milesiini |
| Subtribe: | Xylotina |
| Genus: | *Xylota* |
| Species: | ***X. ejuncida*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Xylota ejuncida***<br>Say, 1824 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
|  | |


title: USS Relief (1836)

abstract: The first USS Relief was a supply ship in the United States Navy. Relief was laid down in 1835 at the Philadelphia Navy Yard and launched on 14 September 1836. Designed by Samuel Humphreys, she was built along merchant vessel lines and included trysail mast and gaffsail on all three masts to enable her to work to windward in strong winds. Her hull was pierced for 16 small guns, but she usually carried only four to six 18-pounder and two 12-pounders.

text:
# USS Relief (1836)

The first **USS *Relief*** was a supply ship in the United States Navy.

*Relief* was laid down in 1835 at the Philadelphia Navy Yard and launched on 14 September 1836. Designed by Samuel Humphreys, she was built along merchant vessel lines and included trysail mast and gaffsail on all three masts to enable her to work to windward in strong winds. Her hull was pierced for 16 small guns, but she usually carried only four to six 18-pounder and two 12-pounders.

## Service history

### United States exploring expedition

In early December 1836, *Relief*, commanded by Lieutenant Thomas A. Dornin, left Philadelphia for Norfolk, Virginia to join the ships assigned to the United States South Sea Surveying and Exploring Expedition. However, that expedition, held up by lack of money, ships, equipment, and trained personnel—and by administrative feuding since its first authorization in 1828—continued to be delayed until the summer of 1838. During her 19-month wait, *Relief* remained at Norfolk or engaged in runs along the east coast.

On 19 August 1838, the squadron, commanded by Lt. Charles Wilkes, cleared Hampton Roads and set a course for Rio de Janeiro. Sailing with the prevailing winds—westerlies and northeast trades—their planned course took them across the Atlantic to Madeira; then straight to Brazil. However, *Relief*, under Lt. A. K. Long, proved to be a slow sailer. She soon fell behind and was detached with orders to rejoin the other five vessels in the Cape Verde Islands. The rendezvous was accomplished in early October and the squadron sailed for Brazil. *Relief*, the last to arrive, reached Rio on 26 November.

On 6 January 1839, the squadron sailed for the Río Negro and Cape Horn. *Relief*, bypassing the former where surveys were conducted, rounded the Cape and reached Orange Harbor, on the Hardy Peninsula, Hoste Island, on the 30th. There for almost three weeks, her crew kept hourly registers of the tides, placed navigation lights, and cut wood. On 18 February, the others arrived and toward the end of the month they were dispersed on various missions. Two followed James Weddell's course to Antarctica; others traced James Cook's path. *Relief* was ordered north to the Straits of Magellan, via the Cockburn Channel, to survey harbors in the straits. Caught in storms, however, she was unable to penetrate the channel and, in mid-March, was almost wrecked off Noir Island. The loss of her anchor during her battle with the sea off Noir, prohibited further attempts to enter the channel and she headed for Valparaíso.

On 15 April she entered the anchorage to make repairs and await the remainder of the squadron which by mid-May was reunited. In June, they moved on to Callao, where the ships were refitted and replenished. When *Relief* was unloaded and smoked, her dead rats filled three barrels.

Because of her slowness, *Relief* was ordered to proceed from Callao to Sydney, then sail home—carrying the sick and malcontents with her. Sailing in mid-July, she spent two weeks in the Sandwich Islands (Hawaiian Islands) and three months after leaving Peru, put into Sydney. She discharged her remaining cargo, took on water, wood, and rock ballast and headed east. En route home, she again doubled Cape Horn and on 28 March 1840 she reached New York.

### Further service

At the end of the year, *Relief*, repaired and overhauled, sailed again for the Pacific, where she remained for five years operating primarily off the west coast of South America. She returned to New York in April 1846. In May, war with Mexico broke out; and, in July, *Relief* joined the Home Squadron. From then until June 1848, she cruised in the Gulf of Mexico, attempting to maintain a steady supply line to the ships engaged in the blockade of the Mexican coast despite the distance to supply bases and the scarcity of ships of her type.

In July 1848, *Relief* returned to New York and in the fall sailed from Norfolk for the Brazil Station. The following spring, she was back at Norfolk, but, with the autumn, she headed east. She operated in the Mediterranean Sea until she returned to the United States in July 1850, and engaged in resupply runs to Brazil until placed out of commission for overhaul 20 November 1855. She recommissioned 19 February 1856 and resumed her runs to the Brazil Station and continued them through 1857.

In late 1858 she rejoined the Home Squadron and cruised in the Gulf of Mexico. In 1861, she crossed the Atlantic again, resupplied the African Squadron and, with the outbreak of the American Civil War, returned to the United States to resupply the ships of the South Atlantic Blockading Squadron. In July 1862, she returned to the Gulf of Mexico and, until the fall of 1863, served primarily as station store ship at Ship Island in Mississippi Sound.

Then ordered to Boston, Massachusetts for overhaul, she was decommissioned 5 December 1863. Recommissioned 29 April 1864, she was ordered back to the Pacific. In July she delivered supplies at Rio de Janeiro, whence she continued on to China, arriving at the Portuguese colony of Macau in December. After service on the Asiatic Station, she returned to New York in late 1866 and was placed in ordinary. In 1871 she was ordered to Washington, D.C., where she served as receiving ship until 1877. The following year she was laid up, at Washington, and on 27 September 1883 she was sold to J. B. Agnew.

*This article incorporates text from the public domain* Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships*. The entry can be found here.*

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| United States | |
| Name | *USS Relief* |
| Builder | Philadelphia Navy Yard |
| Laid down | 1835 |
| Launched | 14 September 1836 |
| Decommissioned | 1878 |
| Fate | Sold, 27 September 1883 |
| General characteristics | |
| Type | Supply ship |
| Displacement | 468 long tons (476 t) |
| Length | 109 ft (33 m) |
| Beam | 30 ft (9.1 m) |
| Depth of hold | 12 ft (3.7 m) |
| Propulsion | Sail |
| Armament | * 4 to 6 × 18-pounder guns * 2 × 12-pounder guns |


title: Victoria STOLport

abstract: Victoria STOLport was a short take-off and landing aerodrome near downtown Montreal during the mid-1970s. The STOLport had been constructed on the former parking lot for Expo 67. The airport operated a two-year STOL demonstration service, with the participation of the Ministry of Transportation, the Canadian Air Transport Administration and other Federal Agencies in order to obtain and evaluate the data on passengers and economics of the STOL service. The choice of the route fell on the Montreal – Ottawa corridor, between which 2.5 million people travelled every year. The STOLport in Ottawa was Rockcliffe Airport because of its proximity to downtown. Airtransit Canada, a wholly owned subsidiary of Air Canada was incorporated on June 19, 1973 with six de Havilland DHC-6-300 (M.O.T.) Twin Otter, registered as CF-CST, CF-CSU, CF-CSV, CF-CSW, CF-CSX, CF-CSY, while regular flights started in early 1974. At the end of the demonstration, the service was discontinued and the STOLport decommissioned and eventually turned into the Montreal Technoparc technology park.

text:
# Victoria STOLport

**Victoria STOLport** (IATA: **YMY**, ICAO: **CYMY**) was a short take-off and landing aerodrome near downtown Montreal during the mid-1970s. The STOLport had been constructed on the former parking lot for Expo 67. The airport operated a two-year STOL demonstration service, with the participation of the Ministry of Transportation, the Canadian Air Transport Administration and other Federal Agencies in order to obtain and evaluate the data on passengers and economics of the STOL service. The choice of the route fell on the Montreal – Ottawa corridor, between which 2.5 million people travelled every year.

The STOLport in Ottawa was Rockcliffe Airport because of its proximity to downtown. Airtransit Canada, a wholly owned subsidiary of Air Canada was incorporated on June 19, 1973 with six de Havilland DHC-6-300 (M.O.T.) Twin Otter, registered as CF-CST, CF-CSU, CF-CSV, CF-CSW, CF-CSX, CF-CSY, while regular flights started in early 1974. At the end of the demonstration, the service was discontinued and the STOLport decommissioned and eventually turned into the Montreal Technoparc technology park.

## Airport code

The airport's IATA code, YMY, currently identifies Montreal's Central Station main passenger rail station.

## InfoBox

| Victoria STOLport | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Summary | |
| Owner | Government of Canada |
| Serves | Montreal |
| Location | Montreal, Quebec |
| Time zone | EST (UTC−05:00) |
| Summer (DST) | EDT (UTC−04:00) |
| Coordinates | 45°28′59″N 73°32′26″W / 45.48306°N 73.54056°W / 45.48306; -73.54056 |
| Map | |
| CYMYLocation in Quebec | |


title: William Lascelles

abstract: William Saunders Sebright Lascelles PC was a British Whig politician. He served as Comptroller of the Household from 1847 to 1851.

text:
# William Lascelles

**William Saunders Sebright Lascelles** PC (29 October 1798 – 2 July 1851) was a British Whig politician. He served as Comptroller of the Household from 1847 to 1851.

## Background

Lascelles was the third son of Henry Lascelles, 2nd Earl of Harewood and his wife Henrietta Sebright, daughter of Lieutenant-General Sir John Sebright, 6th Baronet. Edward Lascelles (1796–1839, Viscount Lascelles 1820–1839), Henry Lascelles, 3rd Earl of Harewood, and Edwin Lascelles were his brothers.

## Political career

Lascelles was returned to Parliament for East Looe in 1826, a seat he held until 1830. He was subsequently MP for Northallerton from 1831 to 1832, for Wakefield from 1837 to 1841 and from 1842 to 1847 and for Knaresborough from 1847 to 1851. In 1847 he was sworn of the Privy Council and appointed Comptroller of the Household under Lord John Russell, a post he held until his death in 1851.

## Cricket

Lascelles played first-class cricket in 1818. He is recorded in one match for E. H. Budd's XI, totalling 1 run with a highest score of 1.

## Family

Lascelles married Lady Caroline Georgiana Howard (d. 1881), daughter of George Howard, 6th Earl of Carlisle, on 14 May 1823. They had ten children:

Lascelles died on 2 July 1851, aged 52. Lady Caroline Lascelles died in November 1881.

## InfoBox

| The Right HonourableWilliam LascellesPC | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Comptroller of the Household | |
| **In office**<br>23 July 1847  2 July 1851 | |
| Monarch | Victoria |
| Prime Minister | Lord John Russell |
| Preceded by | Lord Marcus Hill |
| Succeeded by | Earl of Mulgrave |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1798-10-29)29 October 1798 |
| Died | 2 July 1851 (1851-07-03) (aged 52) |
| Nationality | British |
| Political party | Whig |
| Spouse | Lady Caroline Howard  (m. 1823) |
|  | |


title: Martiño Rivas

abstract: Martiño Rivas López, also known as Martín Rivas, is a Spanish actor. He is best known for his performance as Marcos Novoa Pazos in the Antena 3 series The Boarding School and for his role in The Blind Sunflowers, which earned him a nomination for the Goya Award for Best New Actor. From 2017 to 2020, he starred in the Netflix original series Las Chicas del Cable as Carlos Cifuentes.

text:
# Martiño Rivas

**Martiño Rivas López** (born 10 January 1985), also known as  **Martín Rivas**, is a Spanish actor. He is best known for his performance as Marcos Novoa Pazos in the Antena 3 series *The Boarding School* (Spanish: *El internado*) and for his role in *The Blind Sunflowers* (*Los girasoles ciegos*), which earned him a nomination for the Goya Award for Best New Actor. From 2017 to 2020, he starred in the Netflix original series *Las Chicas del Cable* as Carlos Cifuentes.

## Early life and education

Rivas was born Martiño Rivas López on 10 January 1985 in Vimianzo, A Coruña, Galicia, Spain. He is the only son of Manuel Rivas, a writer and journalist, and María Isabel López Mariño. Rivas graduated from high school in London, and subsequently studied audiovisual communications at the University of Santiago de Compostela. He is fluent in Spanish, Galician and English. Rivas was criticized for speaking Spanish with a Galician accent.

## Acting career

Rivas began his career as a child actor in 1998 with the TVG series *Mareas vivas* (English: *Live Tides*), made in the Galician language. In 2005, he appeared in another Galician–language series, *Maridos e mulleres* (*Husbands And Wives*), also produced by TVG.

Rivas came to wider media attention in 2006, when he landed the role of Moisés in the LaSexta series *SMS*, opposite Yon González, Amaia Salamanca, Mario Casas, and others. From 2007 to 2010, Rivas portrayed Marcos Novoa Pazos in the Antena 3 series *El internado* (*The Boarding School*), which brought him international popularity.

Rivas made his feature film debut in José Luis Cuerda's *The Blind Sunflowers* (2008), opposite Javier Cámara and Maribel Verdú, which earned him a nomination for the Goya Award for Best New Actor. The following year, he appeared in the short film *Universos* (*Universes*) along with his *El internado* fellow Blanca Suárez.

From 2010 to 2011, Rivas trained at the Royal Central School of Speech and Drama in London, graduating with a Masters in Classical Acting. In 2011, Rivas made his professional stage debut in *Dracula*, in which he portrayed Jonathan Harker. He also stars in the television series *El don de Alba* (*Alba's Gift*) on Telecinco.

He has a major, continuing role in *Las Chicas del Cable* as Carlos Cifuentes; its first season premiered on Netflix in April 2017. Its fifth season is to premier in 2020.

## Other work

In 2007, along with Yon González and Marta Torné, Rivas supported the ONG Childhood Without Limits Foundation.

In 2010, Rivas became ambassador for Spanish fashion designer Purificación García. He made his first campaign for the 2010 Spring/Summer collection with Ángela Molina. The same year, he also posed for the famous calendar *Larios de la Moda*.

## Filmography

| Title | Translated Title | Year | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *Mareas vivas* | *Live Tides* | 1998 | Dani | TV series; 1998–99 |
| *Puzzle* | *Puzzle* | 2004 | Boy | Short film |
| *Maridos e mulleres* | *Husbands And Wives* | 2005 | David | TV series |
| *SMS: Sin miedo a soñar* | *SMS: Dreaming Without Fear* | 2006 | Moisés | TV series; 2006–07 |
| *El internado* | *The Boarding School* | 2007 | Marcos Novoa Pazos | TV series; 2007–10 |
| *Los girasoles ciegos* | *The Blind Sunflowers* | 2008 | Lalo |  |
| *Universos* | *Universes* | 2009 | Álex | Short film |
| *El don de Alba* | *Alba's Gift* | 2013 | Pablo Escudero | TV series |
| *Tres bodas de más* | *Three Many Weddings* | 2013 | Dani | Feature film |
| *Por un puñado de besos* |  | 2014 | Dani |
|  | *Romeo & Juliet* | 2014 | Romeo | TV Mini-Series |
| *Las Chicas Del Cable* | *Cable Girls* | 2017 | Carlos | TV series |
| *Sé quién eres* | *I Know Who You Are* | 2017 | Marc Castro | TV series |
| *Nacho* |  | 2023 | Nacho Vidal | TV series |

## Stage credits

| Title | Translated Title | Year | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *Drácula* | *Dracula* | 2011 | Jonathan Harker | Production of |

## Awards and nominations

| Award | Year | Category | Nominated Work | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| EP3 Awards | 2008 | Best New Actor | *The Blind Sunflowers* | Won |
| Goya Awards | 2008 | Best New Actor | *The Blind Sunflowers* | Nominated |
| Islantilla Film Festival Awards | 2009 | Best New Actor | *The Boarding School* | Won |
| New Talent of Spanish Cinema Awards | 2008 | Best New Talent | *The Blind Sunflowers*
*The Boarding School* | Nominated |
| Vieira de Plata Awards | 2008 | Best New Actor | *The Boarding School* | Won |

## InfoBox

| Martiño Rivas | |
| --- | --- |
| Attending the 37th Goya Awards | |
| Born | Martiño Rivas López
(1985-01-10) 10 January 1985
Vimianzo, Galicia, Spain |
| Other names | Martín Rivas |
| Alma mater |  |
| Occupation | Actor |
| Years active | 1998–present |
| Parents |  |


title: List of Thelymitra species

abstract: The following is a list of Thelymitra species accepted by the Index Kewensis at May 2018.

text:
# List of Thelymitra species

The following is a list of *Thelymitra* species accepted by the *Index Kewensis* at May 2018.

## Natural hybrids

* *Thelymitra × chasmogama* R.S.Rogers 1927 (*T. luteocilium* × *T. nuda*)
* *Thelymitra × dentata* L.B.Moore 1968 (*T. longifolia* × *T. pulchella*)
* *Thelymitra × mackibbinii* F.Muell. 1881 (*T. × macmillanii* × *T. nuda*)
* *Thelymitra × macmillanii* F.Muell. 1865 (*T. antennifera* × *T. luteocilium*)
* *Thelymitra × truncata* R.S.Rogers 1917

## Intergeneric hybrid

* x*Calomitra* (*Calochilus* x *Thelymitra*) (unplaced name)


title: Free-market roads

abstract: Free-market roads is the idea that it is possible and desirable for a society to have entirely private roads. Free-market roads and infrastructure are generally advocated by anarcho-capitalist works, including Murray Rothbard's For a New Liberty, Morris and Linda Tannehill's The Market for Liberty, David D. Friedman's The Machinery of Freedom, and David T. Beito's The Voluntary City.

text:
# Free-market roads

**Free-market roads** is the idea that it is possible and desirable for a society to have entirely private roads.

Free-market roads and infrastructure are generally advocated by anarcho-capitalist works, including Murray Rothbard's *For a New Liberty*, Morris and Linda Tannehill's *The Market for Liberty*, David D. Friedman's *The Machinery of Freedom*, and David T. Beito's *The Voluntary City*.

## Arguments for free market roads

### "Private roads can have no free riders, reducing congestion"

The free rider problem has been cited by proponents such as Murray Rothbard as a reason for privatizing roads: since traffic congestion is the result of excess demand for transportation infrastructure, it may be treated as any other economic shortage \- in this case, a shortage of roads, lanes, exits, or other infrastructure. Seeing the pricing mechanism of a free market as a more efficient means of meeting demand than government planning (see Economic calculation problem), Peter Samuel, in his book *Highway Aggravation: The Case for Privatizing the Highways*, compares American traffic jams and Soviet grocery store lines:

"In Russia communism's failure was epitomized by constant shortages in stores. Empty shelves in supermarkets and department stores and customers in line, wasting hours each week, became the face of the system's failure, as well as a source of huge personal frustration, even rage. Communism failed because prices were not flexible to match supply and demand; because stores were bureaucracies, not businesses; and because revenues went into a central treasury and did not fuel increased capacity and improved service. We in supposedly capitalistic America suffer communism--an unpriced service provided by an unresponsive monopolistic bureaucracy--on most of our highways. Our manifestation of shortage, our equivalent of Russian lines at stores, is daily highway backups. There is no price on rush-hour travel to clear the market. There is no revenue stream directly from road users to road managers to provide incentives either to manage existing capacity to maximum consumer advantage or to adjust capacity to demand."

Insufficient competition between private roads could however lead to oligopoly or even monopoly pricing, which leads to higher tolls and lower construction capacities. This results in higher costs for consumers but no reduction in congestion.

### "Privatization will encourage better infrastructure management"

B. H. Meyer stated, "It is evident that the turnpike movement resulted in a very general betterment of roads." The book *Street Smart* claims that Brazil has saved 20 percent and Colombia 50 percent through efforts to outsource road maintenance to the private sector.

### "Free market roads will have less crime"

Bruce L. Benson argues that when roads are privately owned, local residents will be better able to prevent crime by exercising their right to ask miscreants to leave. He observes that avenues in the private places of St. Louis have been shown to have lower crime rates than adjacent public streets. *The Market for Liberty* further argues that private roads will be better policed as the owners focus on serious crime rather than on victimless offenses:

> A private corporation which owned streets would make a point of keeping its streets free of drunks, hoodlums, and any other such annoying menaces, hiring private guards to do so if necessary. It might even advertise, "Thru-Way Corporation's streets are guaranteed safe at any hour of the day or night. Women may walk alone with perfect confidence on our thoroughfares." A criminal, forbidden to use any city street because all the street corporations knew of his bad reputation, would have a hard time even getting anywhere to commit a crime. On the other hand, the private street companies would have no interest in regulating the dress, "morals," habits, or lifestyle of the people who used their streets. For instance, they wouldn't want to drive away customers by arresting or badgering hippies, girls in see-through blouses or topless bathing suits or any other non-aggressive deviation from the value standards of the majority. All they would ask is that each customer pay his dime-a-day and refrain from initiating force, obstructing traffic, and driving away other customers. Other than this, his life-style and moral code would be of no interest to them; they would treat him courteously and solicit his business.

One criticism of this argument is that it ignores possible consumer discrimination. If most people would not want to share a road with a certain group of people, it would be economically beneficial for the company to discriminate against those people.

### "Free market roads will encourage small business"

Mutualist Kevin Carson argues that transportation is a natural diseconomy of scale. He says that the cost of transportation increases disproportionately with the size of a firm; he believes that in a free market, there would be strict upper limits to the size and power of corporations, and small businesses would have natural advantages. He continues by arguing that government subsidies to transportation, however, make large, centralized corporations artificially profitable, contributing to corporate dominance of the economy.

## Arguments against free market roads

### "Roads are often natural monopolies"

In many parts of the world land use patterns mean that building two or more highways in parallel isn't practicable, thus making highways a natural monopoly. Kroeger claims, "This would result in an incredibly inefficient use of land resources." When there is only one highway connecting points A and B, the main advantage of privatization, competition, disappears. In the absence of regulation, a private highway could charge an exorbitant monopoly price, resulting in huge profit margins and few benefits for drivers. An initial franchise fee (in the case of franchised publicly owned roads) and/or savings of public capital costs, can offset the resulting monopoly profits in terms of societal costs, but there are distributional issues in that the income is spread over an entire region while the burden falls on a small subset of that region's population who actually need to use the road. Also, it is difficult to predict the long term present value of a road. For example, the 407 ETR (an express toll highway near Toronto originally built with public funds) was leased for three billion CAD and was subsequently valued at nearly ten billion CAD. While alternate local roads and other forms of transportation may provide some competition, it is often impractical, especially for goods.

A counter-argument is that while a lone highway connecting A to B may not have any other competition from other highways, it would still have to compete with trains, planes, and other roads.

### "Transaction costs can outweigh benefits"

As with any transaction, there are transaction costs associated with charging for entry to roads. These include explicit costs like the building of toll booths and paying guards and other associated personnel, as well as implicit costs like wait times and mental processing costs. Especially for smaller roads these transaction costs would make privatisation undesirable, as it is unlikely for the benefits to outweigh the possible costs.


title: Xylota flavipes

abstract: Xylota flavipes is a species of hoverfly in the family Syrphidae.

text:
# Xylota flavipes

***Xylota flavipes*** is a species of hoverfly in the family Syrphidae.

## Distribution

Taiwan.

## InfoBox

| *Xylota flavipes* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Syrphidae |
| Subfamily: | Eristalinae |
| Tribe: | Milesiini |
| Subtribe: | Xylotina |
| Genus: | *Xylota* |
| Species: | ***X. flavipes*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Xylota flavipes***<br>(Sack, 1927) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
|  | |


title: Uche Azikiwe

abstract: Uche Ewah Azikiwe, is a Nigerian academic, educator and author. She is the widow of former President of Nigeria Nnamdi Azikiwe. She is a professor in the Department of Educational Foundation, Faculty of Education at University of Nigeria, Nsukka. In 1999, she was appointed to the board of directors of the Central Bank of Nigeria(CBN).

text:
# Uche Azikiwe

**Uche Ewah Azikiwe** //  MFR, (born 4 February 1947) is a Nigerian academic, educator and author. She is the widow of former President of Nigeria Nnamdi Azikiwe. She is a professor in the Department of Educational Foundation, Faculty of Education at University of Nigeria, Nsukka. In 1999, she was appointed to the board of directors of the Central Bank of Nigeria(CBN).

## Early life and education

Azikiwe was born on 4 February 1947 in Afikpo in present-day Ebonyi State. She was born to Sergeant Major Lawrence A. and Florence Ewah.

Azikiwe graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in English from the University of Nigeria, Nsukka (UNN). She then proceeded to obtain a master's degree in Curriculum Studies and Sociology of Education. In 1992, she obtained a Ph.D. in Sociology of Education/Gender Studies from the same university.

## Academic career

From 1981 to 1987, Azikiwe worked as a teacher at Nsukka High School. She moved to the Department of Educational Foundation, Faculty of Education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka in 1987.

## Affiliations

Azikiwe is a member of a number of professional societies and associations including, World Council for Curriculum and Instruction (WCCI), Network for Women Studies in Nigeria (NWSN), Curriculum Organization of Nigeria (CON), National Women Studies Association (NWSA), USA and Nigeria Association of University Women (NAUW).

## Personal life

She married Nnamdi Azikiwe at age 26, and had two children, Uwakwe Ukuta and Molokwu Azubuike.

List of people from Ebonyi State

## InfoBox

| Uche Azikiwe | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Uche Ewah
(1947-02-04) 4 February 1947
Afikpo, Southern Region, British Nigeria |
| Nationality | Nigerian |
| Alma mater | University of Nigeria |
| Spouse | Nnamdi Azikiwe  (m. 1973; died 1996) |
| Children | 2 |


abstract:
Masters W45 discus world record progression is the progression of world record improvements of the discus W45 division of Masters athletics. Records must be set in properly conducted, official competitions under the standing IAAF rules unless modified by World Masters Athletics. The W45 division consists of female athletes who have reached the age of 45 but have not yet reached the age of 50, so exactly from their 45th birthday to the day before their 50th birthday. The W45 division throws exactly the same 1 kg implement as the Open division.
  - Key
  -   Incomplete information
  Pending

text:
# Masters W45 discus world record progression

**Masters W45 discus world record progression** is the progression of world record improvements of the discus W45 division of Masters athletics. Records must be set in properly conducted, official competitions under the standing IAAF rules unless modified by World Masters Athletics.  The W45 division consists of female athletes who have reached the age of 45 but have not yet reached the age of 50, so exactly from their 45th birthday to the day before their 50th birthday. The W45 division throws exactly the same 1 kg implement as the Open division.

Key

*Incomplete information*   *Pending*

| Distance | Athlete | Nationality | Birthdate | Location | Date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 64.09 | Zdeňka Šilhavá | Czech Republic | 15.06.1954 | Pardubice | 11.08.1999 |
| 59.30 | Helgi Parts | Soviet Union | 15.09.1937 | Tartu | 02.09.1983 |
| 46.60 | Almut Brömmel | Germany | 05.05.1935 | Fontvieille, Monaco | 11.08.1981 |
| 44.26 | Rosemary Chrimes | United Kingdom | 19.05.1933 | Wolverhampton | 15.07.1978 |
| 43.12 | Stepanka Mertova | Czech Republic | 11.12.1930 | Jablonec | 10.09.1977 |
|

Masters Athletics Discus list All Time Athletics


title: William Lash Miller

abstract: William Lash Miller, CBE, FRSC was a Canadian chemist, chemistry professor, and pioneer of physical chemistry. Lash Miller was born on 10 September 1866 at Galt, Canada West. Lash Miller studied chemistry at the University of Toronto with bachelor's degree in 1887. He then studied from 1887 to 1889 under August Wilhelm von Hofmann, in 1889 under Viktor Meyer in Göttingen, and in 1890 in Munich, where he received his doctorate in organic chemistry under Adolf von Baeyer. Subsequently, he studied with Wilhelm Ostwald in Leipzig, which was a turning point in his chemistry career. From then on, he often spent summers in Ostwald's laboratory in Leipzig. In 1891 Lash Miller became a demonstrator at the University of Toronto and was again in 1892 with Wilhelm Ostwald in Leipzig, where he earned a second doctorate. At the University of Toronto, Lash Miller became in 1894 a lecturer, in 1900 an associate professor, and in 1908 a professor of physical chemistry in Toronto. In 1937 he retired as a professor emeritus. His greatest scientific strength lay in his mastery of the chemical thermodynamics of Willard Gibbs, learned from Ostwald at Leipzig. His greatest weakness was his refusal to use or teach the atomic and molecular theories that formed the mainstream of 20th-century chemical thinking. Toronto became an important centre of chemical research, and a roster of Miller's pupils includes a remarkable number of important chemists. Lash Miller was considered one of the most important Canadian chemists at the time of his death. He built up the teaching of physical chemistry in Canada and was also one of Canada's first representatives of physical chemistry, with which he dealt from about 1915. With Ostwald he devoted much of his scientific efforts to implement Gibbs' very theoretical concepts on a laboratory scale. Lash Miller did research on many areas of physical chemistry; in particular, he extended Gibbs' treatment of multicomponent systems. Miller served as the doctoral advisor of biochemist Clara Benson. Miller was elected to the Royal Society of Canada in 1899 and served as its President for 1934–1935. He was one of the main organizers of the Canadian Institute of Chemistry and was in 1926 its president. In 1926 he became the first Canadian honorary member of the American Chemical Society. He was a member of the editorial staff of the Journal of the American Chemical Society and of The Journal of Physical Chemistry A. He was made Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1935. The Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories building, at the University of Toronto, is named in his honor. Chemist William Lash Miller is not to be confused with lawyer William Miller Lash, his double cousin. He died on 1 September 1 1940 in Toronto.

text:
# William Lash Miller

**William Lash Miller**, CBE, FRSC (1866 – 1940) was a Canadian chemist, chemistry professor, and pioneer of physical chemistry.

Lash Miller was born on 10 September 1866 at Galt, Canada West.

Lash Miller studied chemistry at the University of Toronto with bachelor's degree in 1887. He then studied from 1887 to 1889 under August Wilhelm von Hofmann, in 1889 under Viktor Meyer in Göttingen, and in 1890 in Munich, where he received his doctorate in organic chemistry under Adolf von Baeyer. Subsequently, he studied with Wilhelm Ostwald in Leipzig, which was a turning point in his chemistry career. From then on, he often spent summers in Ostwald's laboratory in Leipzig. In 1891 Lash Miller became a demonstrator at the University of Toronto and was again in 1892 with Wilhelm Ostwald in Leipzig, where he earned a second doctorate (in physical chemistry). At the University of Toronto, Lash Miller became in 1894 a lecturer, in 1900 an associate professor, and in 1908 a professor of physical chemistry in Toronto. In 1937 he retired as a professor emeritus.

> His greatest scientific strength lay in his mastery of the chemical thermodynamics of Willard Gibbs, learned from Ostwald at Leipzig. His greatest weakness (also learned from Ostwald) was his refusal to use or teach the atomic and molecular theories that formed the mainstream of 20th-century chemical thinking. Toronto became an important centre of chemical research, and a roster of Miller's pupils includes a remarkable number of important chemists.

Lash Miller was considered one of the most important Canadian chemists at the time of his death. He built up the teaching of physical chemistry in Canada and was also one of Canada's first representatives of physical chemistry (and clinical biochemistry), with which he dealt from about 1915. With Ostwald he devoted much of his scientific efforts to implement Gibbs' very theoretical concepts on a laboratory scale. Lash Miller did research on many areas of physical chemistry; in particular, he extended Gibbs' treatment of multicomponent systems.

Miller served as the doctoral advisor of biochemist Clara Benson.

Miller was elected to the Royal Society of Canada in 1899 and served as its President for 1934–1935. He was one of the main organizers of the Canadian Institute of Chemistry and was in 1926 its president. In 1926 he became the first Canadian honorary member of the American Chemical Society. He was a member of the editorial staff of the Journal of the American Chemical Society and of The Journal of Physical Chemistry A. He was made Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1935. The Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories building, at the University of Toronto, is named in his honor.

Chemist William Lash Miller is not to be confused with lawyer William Miller Lash, his double cousin (first cousin on both sides).

He died on 1 September 1 1940 in Toronto.

## Selected publications

* On the Conversion of Chemical Energy into Electrical, Journal of Physical Chemistry, 10 (1892), 459–466
* with F. J. Smale: Introduction to qualitative analysis, 1896
* On the Second Differential Coefficients of Gibbs Function ζ. The Vapor Tensions, Freezing and Boiling Points of Ternary Mixtures, Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1 (1896–1897), 633–642
* Chemical and Physical Reactions, 1902
* On the Mechanism of Induced Reactions, 1907
* The Theory of the Direct Method of Determining Transport Numbers, Journal of Physical Chemistry, 69 (1910), 436–441
* with T.R. Rosebrugh: Mathematical Theory of Changes in Concentration at the Electrode. Brought About by Diffusion and by Chemical Reactions, Journal of Physical Chemistry, 14 (1910), 816–885
* The Influence of Diffusion on Electromotive Force Produced in Solutions by Centrifugal Action, Transactions of the Electrochemical Society, 21 (1912). 209–217
* Toxicity and Chemical Potential, Journal of Physical Chemistry, 24 (1920), 562–569
* The Method of Willard Gibbs in Chemical Thermodynamics, Chemical Reviews, 1 (1924-1925), 293–344
* with A.R. Gordon: Numerical Evaluation of Infinite Series and Integrals Which Arise in Certain Problems of Linear Heat Flow, Electrochemical Diffusion, etc., Journal of Physical Chemistry, 35 (1931), 2785–2884


title: Markus Dieckmann

abstract: Markus Dieckmann is a retired professional beach volleyball player from Germany who represented his native country at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece. There he ended up in ninth place in the overall-rankings. Partnering with Jonas Reckermann he twice won the gold medal at the European Beach Volleyball Championships, in 2002 and 2004. His twin brother, Christoph Dieckmann, also played as a professional beach volleyball player on the international tour.

text:
# Markus Dieckmann

**Markus Dieckmann** (born 7 January 1976 in Bonn) is a retired professional beach volleyball player from Germany who represented his native country at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece. There he ended up in ninth place in the overall-rankings.

Partnering with Jonas Reckermann he twice won the gold medal at the European Beach Volleyball Championships, in 2002 and 2004. His twin brother, Christoph Dieckmann, also played as a professional beach volleyball player on the international tour.

## Playing partners

## InfoBox

| Markus Dieckmann | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Born | 7 January 1976 (1976-01-07) (age 48)<br>Bonn, West Germany |
| Height | 6 ft 2 in (188 cm) |
| Honours      Men's beach volleyball  Representing  Germany  European Championships  2002 Basel  Beach  2004 Timmendorfer Strand  Beach  2003 Alanya  Beach  2005 Moscow  Beach | |


title: Marshall–Olkin exponential distribution

abstract: In applied statistics, the Marshall–Olkin exponential distribution is any member of a certain family of continuous multivariate probability distributions with positive-valued components. It was introduced by Albert W. Marshall and Ingram Olkin. One of its main uses is in reliability theory, where the Marshall–Olkin copula models the dependence between random variables subjected to external shocks.

text:
# Marshall–Olkin exponential distribution

In applied statistics, the **Marshall–Olkin exponential distribution** is any member of a certain family of continuous multivariate probability distributions with positive-valued components. It was introduced by Albert W. Marshall and Ingram Olkin. One of its main uses is in reliability theory, where the Marshall–Olkin copula models the dependence between random variables subjected to external shocks.

## Definition

Let $\\{E\_{B}:\varnothing \neq B\subset \\{1,2,\ldots ,b\\}\\}$ be a set of independent, exponentially distributed random variables, where $E\_{B}$ has mean $1/\lambda \_{B}$. Let

$$T\_{j}=\min\\{E\_{B}:j\in B\\},\ \ j=1,\ldots ,b.$$

The joint distribution of $T=(T\_{1},\ldots ,T\_{b})$ is called the Marshall–Olkin exponential distribution with parameters $\\{\lambda \_{B},B\subset \\{1,2,\ldots ,b\\}\\}.$

### Concrete example

Suppose *b* = 3. Then there are seven nonempty subsets of { 1, ..., *b* } = { 1, 2, 3 }; hence seven different exponential random variables:

$$E\_{\\{1\\},E\_{\\{2\\},E\_{\\{3\\},E\_{\\{1,2\\},E\_{\\{1,3\\},E\_{\\{2,3\\},E\_{\\{1,2,3\\}}}}}}}}$$

Then we have:

$$\begin{aligned}T\_{1}&=\min\\{E\_{\\{1\\},E\_{\\{1,2\\},E\_{\\{1,3\\},E\_{\\{1,2,3\\}\\}\\T\_{2}&=\min\\{E\_{\\{2\\},E\_{\\{1,2\\},E\_{\\{2,3\\},E\_{\\{1,2,3\\}\\}\\T\_{3}&=\min\\{E\_{\\{3\\},E\_{\\{1,3\\},E\_{\\{2,3\\},E\_{\\{1,2,3\\}\\}\\\end{aligned}}}}}}}}}}}}}$$

* Xu M, Xu S. "An Extended Stochastic Model for Quantitative Security Analysis of Networked Systems". *Internet Mathematics*, 2012, 8(3): 288–320.

## InfoBox

Marshall–Olkin exponential
| Support | $x\in \[0,\infty )^{b}$ | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |


abstract: The United States Post Office, also known as the U.S. Federal Building, is an historic, American post office building that is located in Oil City, Venango County, Pennsylvania. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.

text:
# United States Post Office (Oil City, Pennsylvania)

The **United States Post Office**, also known as the U.S. Federal Building, is an historic, American post office building that is located in Oil City, Venango County, Pennsylvania.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.

## History and architectural features

Designed by the Office of the Supervising Architect under the direction of James Knox Taylor, it was built in 1906, with extensions added in 1912 and 1928. Designed in the Beaux Arts style, it is a steel frame building faced with limestone ashlar.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| United States Post Office-Oil City | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| Front and southern side | |
|  | |
| Interactive map showing the location of U.S. Post Office Oil City | |
| Location | 270 Seneca St., Oil City, Pennsylvania |
| Coordinates | 41°26′9″N 79°42′33″W / 41.43583°N 79.70917°W / 41.43583; -79.70917 |
| Area | Less than 1 acre (0.40 ha) |
| Built | 1906 |
| Architect | James Knox Taylor |
| Architectural style | Beaux Arts |
| NRHP reference No. | 77001197 |
| Added to NRHP | September 15, 1977 |


title: Mangamila

abstract: Mangamila is a municipality in the Analamanga Region, Madagascar, 69 km north-east of the capital Antananarivo, in the district of Anjozorobe. It has a population of 14,640 inhabitants in 2018.

text:
# Mangamila

**Mangamila** is a municipality in the Analamanga Region, Madagascar, 69 km north-east of the capital Antananarivo, in the district of Anjozorobe.

It has a population of 14,640 inhabitants in 2018.

## Routes

The town is linked with Antananarivo and Anjozorobe by the National Road 3.

## Economy

The economy is based on agriculture. Rice, corn, peanuts, beans, manioc, soya and onions are the main crops.

## Rivers

Mangamila lies on the Mananara river. Also the Sahavinaky crosses the municipality.

## InfoBox

| Mangamila | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
| Mangamila | |
| Coordinates: 18°34′00″S 47°51′30″E / 18.56667°S 47.85833°E / -18.56667; 47.85833 | |
| Country | Madagascar |
| Region | Analamanga |
| District | Anjozorobe |
| Area | |
| Total | 254 km2 (98 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 1,358 m (4,455 ft) |
| Population2018 | |
| Total | 14,640 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (EAT) |
| postal code | 107 |


title: Xylota ferratus

abstract: Xylota ferratus is a species of hoverfly in the family Syrphidae.

text:
# Xylota ferratus

***Xylota ferratus*** is a species of hoverfly in the family Syrphidae.

## Distribution

Myanmar.

## InfoBox

| *Xylota ferratus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Syrphidae |
| Subfamily: | Eristalinae |
| Tribe: | Milesiini |
| Subtribe: | Xylotina |
| Genus: | *Xylota* |
| Species: | ***X. ferratus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Xylota ferratus***<br>(Hippa, 1985) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Brachypalpoides ferratus* Hippa, 1985 | |


title: Udea nigripunctata

abstract: Udea nigripunctata is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by William Warren in 1892. It is found in Peru. The wingspan is about 16 mm. The forewings are dull fuscous. The first line is indistinct and curved and the second line is fine, black and consists of small blunt denticulations, each followed by a paler space. There is a series of very minute black dots or points before the fringes, which are concolorous with the wing. The orbicular stigma is small and indistinct and the reniform is black and conspicuous. The hindwings are rather paler, without distinct markings.

text:
# Udea nigripunctata

***Udea nigripunctata*** is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by William Warren in 1892. It is found in Peru.

The wingspan is about 16 mm. The forewings are dull fuscous. The first line is indistinct and curved and the second line is fine, black and consists of small blunt denticulations (tooth-like marks), each followed by a paler space. There is a series of very minute black dots or points before the fringes, which are concolorous with the wing. The orbicular stigma is small and indistinct and the reniform is black and conspicuous. The hindwings are rather paler, without distinct markings.

## InfoBox

| *Udea nigripunctata* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Crambidae |
| Genus: | *Udea* |
| Species: | ***U. nigripunctata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Udea nigripunctata***<br>Warren, 1892 | |
|


title: Villar de Olmos

abstract: Villar de Olmos is a village in Valencia, Spain. It is part of the municipality of Requena and belongs to the comarca Requena-Utiel.

text:
# Villar de Olmos

**Villar de Olmos** is a village in Valencia, Spain. It is part of the municipality of Requena and belongs to the comarca Requena-Utiel.

39°36′N 1°04′W / 39.600°N 1.067°W / 39.600; -1.067

## InfoBox

| Villar de Olmos | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Country | Spain |
| Province | Valencia |
| Municipality | Requena |
| Comarca | Requena-Utiel |
| Population (2015) | |
| Total | 17 |


title: Monnett Monex

abstract: The Monnett Monex is a single seat, all-aluminium, Volkswagen powered, homebuilt racer.

text:
# Monnett Monex

The **Monnett Monex** is a single seat, all-aluminium, Volkswagen powered, homebuilt racer.

## Design and development

The Monex shares the same aluminium construction and basic fuselage shape as the Monnett Moni and the later Sonex Aircraft Sonex series of aircraft.

## Operational history

* 1982 - Lowers-Baker-Falk 500 Race - 3rd place (efficiency), 5th place (speed)
* 1982 - World Speed Record FAI's Class C-1a/0 185.12 mph (297,86 km/h) over 100 km
* 1982 - World Speed Record FAI's Class C-1a/0 182.308 mph (298,16 km/h) over 500 km

## Specifications (Monnett Monex)

*Data from* EAA

**General characteristics**

* **Capacity:** 1
* **Length:** 15 ft 2 in (4.62 m)
* **Wingspan:** 16 ft 8 in (5.08 m)
* **Wing area:** 46 sq ft (4.3 m2)
* **Empty weight:** 380 lb (172 kg)
* **Gross weight:** 650 lb (295 kg)
* **Fuel capacity:** 10 U.S. gallons (38 L; 8.3 imp gal)
* **Powerplant:** 1 × Volkswagen 2180cc four cylinder air-cooled engine, 60 hp (45 kW)

**Performance**

* **Maximum speed:** 190 kn (220 mph, 350 km/h)
* **Range:** 350 nmi (400 mi, 640 km)
* **g limits:** +6 -4
* **Rate of climb:** 2,000 ft/min (10 m/s)

## InfoBox

| Monnett Monex | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| The EAA Museum's Monnet Monex | |
| Role | Homebuilt Aircraft |
| National origin | United States of America |
| Manufacturer | Monnett Experimental Aircraft |
| Designer | John Monnett |
| First flight | September 30, 1980 |
| Retired | 1985 |
| Status | On display |
| Number built | 1 |
| Variants | Sonex Aircraft Sonex |


title: Marlain Angelides

abstract: Marlain Angelides is a Cypriot singer. She was a member of the Greek girl group Hi-5, and represented Cyprus in the Eurovision Song Contest 1999 with the "Tha 'Ne Erotas" song. Angelidou, her mother, and her siblings all have dual nationality.

text:
# Marlain Angelides

**Marlain Angelides** (Greek: Μαρλέν Αγγελίδου) is a Cypriot singer. She was a member of the Greek girl group Hi-5, and represented Cyprus in the Eurovision Song Contest 1999 with the "Tha 'Ne Erotas" song. Angelidou, her mother, and her siblings all have dual nationality (Greek Cypriot and British).

## Life

Marlain Angelides was born in Nicosia, Cyprus on 6 September 1978 to a Cypriot-born father of mainland Greek origin and a mother of half-Scottish and half-Cypriot descent. She emigrated to Venezuela at the age of 5, learning fluent Spanish (which she has since forgotten). She then moved to Belgium, and later back to Cyprus, where she lived during her teenage years on her father's request to return home. Angelidou is currently based in New York, although her mother, father, and brother remain in Cyprus.

Marlain Angelides completed a BS in Biochemistry with Management at Imperial College London before studying at Boston Conservatory in the US. She also obtained a Postgraduate Diploma in Musical Theatre from London's Royal Academy of Music.

## Career

She made her professional debut as the lead in the Stavros Sideras musical Pygmalion, The True Story (Aphrodite/Galatea) opposite Peter Polycarpou. Her professional career started in 1999–2000 with the production of Aznavour's Lautrec in London's West End. During 2000–2002 she starred in lead roles in musicals such as Hair (Dionne), and Elegies (Judith), toured the UK with Living La Vida Loca (Fantasia), Legends of Swing (singing Ella Fitzgerald songs) and toured Europe with Flower Power Musical Story (Lainer) and Broadway Musical Gala (Principal Soloist) where she had the opportunity to sing solo in front of 11,000 at La Scala in Milan. At the same time, she appeared in performances at the Berklee Performance Centre, in Boston, USA, Festival Rose D’Or in Juan-les-Pins, France, some charity events in Basel, Switzerland, and Dublin, Ireland and in concerts with the Cyprus State Orchestra as a soloist.

At the end of 2002, at the BBC Radio 2 Voice of Musical Theatre International Competition in Cardiff, Wales, she was the semi-final winner and one of only six finalists.

### Eurovision

Angelides has taken part in a number of Cypriot pre-selections to the Eurovision Song Contest, namely in 1998, 1999, 2008, and 2009 and was successful in winning and representing Cyprus in 1999.

In her first attempt in 1998, she came second with the song "Fterougisma", which was performed by Marlain and Alex Panayi.

In 1999, she was more successful with her song "Tha 'Ne Erotas" winning the Cypriot pre-selection event and represented Cyprus in the Eurovision Song Contest 1999.

In 2008, Angelides participated in the Cypriot pre-selection for the third time, this time with the song "Rejection (Set Me Free)", which placed third in the pre-selection.

Her last participation in the Cypriot pre-selection for the Eurovision was in 2009 when her hard rock titled "Mr Do Right One Night Stand" performed by Marlain and The Diesel Sisters placed seventh.

### In Hi-5

In 2003, she took part in the Greek television contest *Pop Stars*, winning one of the five spots in a teen girl's group that was to be formed on the basis of the show's outcome. The group was named Hi-5 and released a self-titled album in 2003 that went gold in Greece. The band has had hit songs such as "Xero Ti Zitao", "To Tyhero Asteri", and "Yennithika Xana". Hi-5 released three studio albums, the self-titled *Hi-5 and* *Mia Nichta San ki Afti* both in 2003 and *Makria Apo Afti ti Gi* in 2004. The group parted quietly off-screen in 2005 on good terms after two years together to pursue solo careers.

### After Hi-5

From 2005 to 2008, Marlain then continued singing rock with various bands in clubs and festivals around Greece, namely Volume (Christophoros Chrokides, Stephanos Demetriou, Dimitris Frosinis) and Dickens’ Zoo. With N.U.R.V. she played the popular European Music Day at Syntagma Square in Athens and the River Party in Kastoria.

She also played the leading role in the West End Athens version of the musical *Saturday Night Fever* (Stephanie Mangano).

She has collaborated with major artists in Greece, namely Greek rock star Vassilis Papakonstantinou in his concert tours of Greece and is currently touring Greece, Cyprus, USA, Europe and Africa with pop artist Michalis Hadzigiannis.

Being a fan of cartoons, Marlain also lends her voice regularly to cartoon voice-over translations for Disney and DreamWorks playing a variety of characters from Mulan in Mulan II, to Lady Bug in James and the Giant Peach, the Soul Singer in Kronk's New Groove, Rita the Dog in Oliver & Company, the country-western singer Dixie dubbing the voice of Reba McEntire in Fox and the Hound 2, and many others.

She created a collection of songs entitled *Bedroom Rock.* Her first performance as a solo act is live in various clubs at the moment in Athens.

Her CD single "Being Blonde Today" was released in January 2011.

## InfoBox

| Marlain | |
| --- | --- |
| Birth name | Maria Eleni Mandalena |
| Born | Nicosia, Cyprus |
| Origin | Nicosia, Cyprus |
| Genres | Rock, pop, dance |
| Occupation | Singer |
| Years active | 1998–present |
|  | |
| Website | http://www.marlainangel.com |


title: Martin of Pattishall

abstract: Martin of Pattishall was an English judge. He took his name from the village of Pattishall in Northamptonshire and was the clerk of Simon of Pattishall, although they were apparently unrelated. By 1201 he was already respected enough to be collecting the Plea rolls from the clerks of other judges on Eyre. After the end of the First Barons' War Pattishall became the leader of Henry III's professional legal servants, and was instrumental in reestablishing the courts. Between 1217 and 1218 he was a justice on Eyre in Yorkshire and Northumberland, in 1220–1221 in Hertfordshire and at the Tower of London, in March and April 1226 again at the Tower of London; from September 1226 to February 1227 in Lincolnshire, Yorkshire, Lancashire, and Westmorland; and between September 1227 and October 1228 in Kent, Essex, Hertfordshire, Norfolk, and Suffolk. One of his clerks wrote that: The said M. is energetic, and so conscientious and thorough in his work that he has overwhelmed all his fellows, especially W. of Ralege and myself, with the most exacting labour … Everyday he starts work at sunrise and does not stop till night In 1217 he was made Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, a position his former master Simon de Pattishall had held and indeed one that his own clerk, William de Raley, later held. Under Pattishall's leadership the Court of Common Pleas began to take shape under the rules of Chapter 17 of Magna Carta; that is that common pleas should be heard in "some fixed place". Previously the Court had been held coram rege, that is, in the presence of the king, meaning that court could not be held while the King was separate from the Chief Justice. Pattishall was rewarded with the Deanery of Wimborne in Dorset, the Archdeaconry of Norfolk and the Deanery of St Paul's. He retired from the bench in 1229 and succumbed to a stroke that year.

text:
# Martin of Pattishall

**Martin of Pattishall** (died 14 November 1229) was an English judge.

He took his name from the village of Pattishall in Northamptonshire and was the clerk of Simon of Pattishall, although they were apparently unrelated. By 1201 he was already respected enough to be collecting the Plea rolls from the clerks of other judges on Eyre. After the end of the First Barons' War Pattishall became the leader of Henry III's professional legal servants, and was instrumental in reestablishing the courts. Between 1217 and 1218 he was a justice on Eyre in Yorkshire and Northumberland, in 1220–1221 in Hertfordshire and at the Tower of London, in March and April 1226 again at the Tower of London; from September 1226 to February 1227 in Lincolnshire, Yorkshire, Lancashire, and Westmorland; and between September 1227 and October 1228 in Kent, Essex, Hertfordshire, Norfolk, and Suffolk. One of his clerks wrote that:

> The said M. is energetic, and so conscientious and thorough in his work that he has overwhelmed all his fellows, especially W. of Ralege and myself, with the most exacting labour … Everyday he starts work at sunrise and does not stop till night

In 1217 he was made Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, a position his former master Simon de Pattishall had held and indeed one that his own clerk, William de Raley, later held. Under Pattishall's leadership the Court of Common Pleas began to take shape under the rules of Chapter 17 of Magna Carta; that is that common pleas should be heard in "some fixed place". Previously the Court had been held *coram rege*, that is, in the presence of the king, meaning that court could not be held while the King was separate from the Chief Justice. Pattishall was rewarded with the Deanery of Wimborne in Dorset, the Archdeaconry of Norfolk and the Deanery of St Paul's. He retired from the bench in 1229 and succumbed to a stroke that year.


abstract: Northport Post Office, the U.S. post office in Northport, New York, is located at 244 Main Street in Northport, New York. It serves the ZIP code 11768, which also includes Asharoken, Eaton's Neck, Vernon Valley, Middleville, and Fort Salonga. Northport Post Office was designed by Louis A. Simon in conjunction with the United States Treasury Department. Simon also designed the Post Office buildings in Bay Shore, Riverhead, and Westhampton Beach. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1989, along with two other Simon-built post offices.

text:
# United States Post Office (Northport, New York)

**Northport Post Office**, the U.S. post office in Northport, New York, is located at 244 Main Street in Northport, New York. It serves the ZIP code 11768, which also includes Asharoken, Eaton's Neck, Vernon Valley, Middleville, and Fort Salonga.

Northport Post Office was designed by Louis A. Simon in conjunction with the United States Treasury Department. Simon also designed the Post Office buildings in Bay Shore, Riverhead, and Westhampton Beach. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1989, along with two other Simon-built post offices.

Media related to United States Post Office (Northport, New York) at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| US Post Office-Northport | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| The Northport Post Office on a Sunday afternoon in 2011. | |
|  | |
| Interactive map showing the location of the U.S. Post Office-Northport | |
| Location | 244 Main Street,<br>Northport, NY |
| Coordinates | 40°54′2″N 73°20′52″W / 40.90056°N 73.34778°W / 40.90056; -73.34778 |
| Area | less than one acre |
| Built | 1936 |
| Architect | Simon, Louis A.; US Treasury Department |
| Architectural style | Colonial Revival |
| MPS | US Post Offices in New York State, 1858-1943, TR |
| NRHP reference No. | 88002356 |
| Added to NRHP | May 11, 1989 |


title: Union Springs Redbirds

abstract: The Union Springs Redbirds were a Minor League Baseball team that represented Union Springs, Alabama in the Alabama–Florida League from 1936 to 1938.

text:
# Union Springs Redbirds

The **Union Springs Redbirds** were a Minor League Baseball team that represented Union Springs, Alabama in the Alabama–Florida League from 1936 to 1938.

## InfoBox

| Union Springs Redbirds | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Minor league affiliations | |
| Previous classes | Class D |
| League | Alabama–Florida League |
| Team data | |
| Previous names | * Union Springs Redbirds (1938) * Union Springs Springs (1937) * Union Springs Springers (1936) |


title: List of baked goods

abstract: This is a list of baked goods. Baked goods are foods made from dough or batter and cooked by baking, a method of cooking food that uses prolonged dry heat, normally in an oven, but also in hot ashes, or on hot stones. The most common baked item is bread but many other types of foods are baked as well.

text:
# List of baked goods

This is a **list of baked goods**. Baked goods are foods made from dough or batter and cooked by baking, a method of cooking food that uses prolonged dry heat, normally in an oven, but also in hot ashes, or on hot stones. The most common baked item is bread but many other types of foods are baked as well.

## Baked goods

### By type

* Bagel – a bread product originating in Poland, traditionally shaped by hand into the form of a ring from yeasted wheat dough, roughly hand-sized, which is first boiled for a short time in water and then baked.
* Bread roll – a small, often round loaf of bread served as a meal accompaniment (eaten plain or with butter)

* Bun – a small, sometimes sweet, bread, or bread roll. Though they come in many shapes and sizes, they are most commonly hand-sized or smaller, with a round top and flat bottom.

* Flatbread – a bread made with flour, water and salt, and then thoroughly rolled into flattened dough. Many flatbreads are unleavened—made without yeast—although some are slightly leavened, such as pita bread.
* Muffin – an individual-sized, baked quick bread product. American muffins are similar to cupcakes in size and cooking methods, and the English muffin is a type of yeast-leavened bread. Muffins may also classify as cakes with their same sweet interior and fluffy yeast exterior.
* Brownie – a flat, baked dessert square that was developed in the United States at the end of the 19th century and popularized in both the U.S. and Canada during the first half of the 20th century
* Cake – a form of sweet dessert that is typically baked. In its oldest forms, cakes were modifications of breads but now cover a wide range of preparations that can be simple or elaborate.

* Cracker – typically made from flour, flavorings or seasonings such as salt, herbs, seeds, and cheese may be added to the dough or sprinkled on top before baking.

* Pastry – a dough of flour and water and shortening that may be savoury or sweetened. Sweetened pastries are often described as *bakers' confectionery*.

* Pie – a baked dish which is usually made of a pastry dough casing that covers or completely contains a filling of various sweet or savoury ingredients.

* Tart – a baked dish consisting of a filling over a pastry base with an open top not covered with pastry
* Torte \- a form of sweet dessert that is typically baked. Tortes differ from cakes in that cakes are made from wheat flour, but tortes, originating in Central Europe, are generally made with ground nuts instead.
* Twice-baked foods – foods that are baked twice in their preparation
* Viennoiserie – baked goods made from a yeast-leavened dough in a manner similar to bread, or from puff pastry, but with added ingredients (particularly eggs, butter, milk, cream and sugar) giving them a richer, sweeter character, approaching that of pastry.

### By region

| Breads by nationality |
| --- |
|  |


title: Freebie and the Bean (TV series)

abstract: Freebie and the Bean was an American action comedy television series about two off-beat plainclothes police detectives in San Francisco. Based on the 1974 film of the same name, it starred Tom Mason and Héctor Elizondo in the title roles and was broadcast on CBS on Saturday nights at 9:00 PM in December 1980 and January 1981.

text:
# Freebie and the Bean (TV series)

***Freebie and the Bean*** was an American action comedy television series about two off-beat plainclothes police detectives in San Francisco. Based on the 1974 film of the same name, it starred Tom Mason and Héctor Elizondo in the title roles and was broadcast on CBS on Saturday nights at 9:00 PM in December 1980 and January 1981.

## Cast

## Reception

The show ran opposite *The Love Boat*, which overshadowed it in viewer polls. In their book *The Complete Directory to Prime Time Network and Cable TV Shows, 1946-Present*, authors Tim Brooks and Earle F. Marsh write, "Unfortunately this series was such as mishmash of comedy and drama, slapstick and reality, that it soon sank without a trace. The fact that it was scheduled opposite ABC's *The Love Boat*-which had no trouble defining what *it* wanted to be-probably didn't help."

## Episodes

| No. | Title | Directed by | Written by | Original air date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | "The Seduction of the Bean" | Lawrence Dobkin | Dick Nelson | December 6, 1980 (1980-12-06) |
| 2 | "Health Nuts" | Bruce Kessler | Dick Nelson | December 13, 1980 (1980-12-13) |
| Freebie and Bean learn that a series of hold-up victims all visit the same wellness spa so they investigate the employees to see if they are tipping off the bandits. | | | | | |
| 3 | "Pilot" | Hy Averback | Jay Folb | December 20, 1980 (1980-12-20) |
| Freebie and Bean rely on a scorned woman to testify against a loan shark they've been wanting to put away. | | | | | |
| 4 | "Flying Aces" | Michael Preece | Robert W. Lenski | December 27, 1980 (1980-12-27) |
| 5 | "Highway Robbery" | Michael Caffey | Bill Taub | January 10, 1981 (1981-01-10) |
| Freebie and the Bean go undercover as teamsters to stop a truckjacking ring. | | | | | |
| 6 | "Tee-Off for Two" | Arnold Laven | Rick Mittleman | January 17, 1981 (1981-01-17) |
| 7 | "Lover, Come Back" | Michael Preece | Donald R. Boyle | January 24, 1981 (1981-01-24) |
| 8 | "A Pair of Pirates" | Lawrence Dobkin | Robert W. Lenski | UNAIRED |
| 9 | "Follow the Leader" | Alex March | Dick Nelson | UNAIRED |

## InfoBox

| *Freebie and the Bean* | |
| --- | --- |
| Print ad | |
| Based on | *Freebie and the Bean* |
| Starring | Héctor Elizondo
Tom Mason |
| Composer | Dominic Frontiere |
| No. of episodes | 9 (2 unaired) |
| Production | |
| Producers | Norman Jolley
Robert Sherman |
| Cinematography | Ric Waite |
| Running time | 60 minutes |
| Production company | Warner Bros. Television |
| Original release | |
| Release | December 6, 1980 (1980-12-06)
January 17, 1981 (1981-01-17) |


title: Xavier Neira Menéndez

abstract: Xavier Neira Menéndez (born ?) is an Ecuadorian economist, politician, and member of the Social Christian Party (PSC). In August 1984, Neira was appointed Minister of Industry, a position he held for 33 months, when a scandal involving the Ecuahospital ended the government. In the aftermath, Neira moved to Miami, Florida, to avoid an arrest warrant. He lived in the United States for three years until he was acquitted of all corruption charges by the Supreme Court of Ecuador. Neira joined the Social Christian Party (PSC) in 1993 and returned to politics. He was elected to the National Congress in 1994 and re-elected in 1998, ultimately serving in Congress from 1994 until 2002. Neira was the PSC nominee for President of Ecuador in the 2002 presidential election. Neira picked Álvaro Pérez Intriago, a former Mayor of Quito, as his running mate of Vice President. Neira placed fifth in the first round of presidential election with 553,106 votes, or 12.1%. He did not advance to the presidential runoff, which was won by Lucio Gutiérrez.

text:
# Xavier Neira Menéndez

**Xavier Neira Menéndez** (born ?) is an Ecuadorian economist, politician, and member of the Social Christian Party (PSC).

In August 1984, Neira was appointed Minister of Industry, a position he held for 33 months, when a scandal involving the Ecuahospital ended the government. In the aftermath, Neira moved to Miami, Florida, to avoid an arrest warrant. He lived in the United States for three years until he was acquitted of all corruption charges by the Supreme Court of Ecuador.

Neira joined the Social Christian Party (PSC) in 1993 and returned to politics. He was elected to the National Congress in 1994 and re-elected in 1998, ultimately serving in Congress from 1994 until 2002.

Neira was the PSC nominee for President of Ecuador in the 2002 presidential election. Neira picked Álvaro Pérez Intriago, a former Mayor of Quito, as his running mate of Vice President. Neira placed fifth in the first round of presidential election with 553,106 votes, or 12.1%. He did not advance to the presidential runoff, which was won by Lucio Gutiérrez.


title: Udea nordeggensis

abstract: Udea nordeggensis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by James Halliday McDunnough in 1929. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Alberta.

text:
# Udea nordeggensis

***Udea nordeggensis*** is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by James Halliday McDunnough in 1929. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Alberta.

## InfoBox

| *Udea nordeggensis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Crambidae |
| Genus: | *Udea* |
| Species: | ***U. nordeggensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Udea nordeggensis***<br>(McDunnough, 1929) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Phlyctaenia nordeggensis* McDunnough, 1929 | |


title: Villar de Rena

abstract: Villar de Rena is a municipality located in the province of Badajoz, Extremadura, Spain. According to the 2006 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 1506 inhabitants.

text:
# Villar de Rena

**Villar de Rena** is a municipality located in the province of Badajoz, Extremadura, Spain. According to the 2006 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 1506 inhabitants.

View of the Villar from the Hermitage

39°04′N 05°48′W / 39.067°N 5.800°W / 39.067; -5.800

## InfoBox

| Villar de Rena | |
| --- | --- |
| municipality | |
|  | |
| Country | Spain |
| Autonomous community | Extremadura |
| Province | Badajoz |
| Area | |
| Total | 82 km2 (32 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 277 m (909 ft) |
| Population (2018) | |
| Total | 1,383 |
| Density | 17/km2 (44/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: Monnett Experimental Aircraft

abstract:
Monnett Experimental Aircraft was a United States aircraft manufacturer.
Founded by John Monnett, a schoolteacher from Illinois who transitioned from a pilot of J3 Cubs and Aeronca Champs to building and designing tube-and-fabric racing aircraft built around the Volkswagen air-cooled engine. The company was founded to produce plans and kits for the Sonerai I aircraft. The Sonerai I was specially built to be used as a Formula V Air Racing racer. The follow-on aircraft, the Sonerai II was a two-seat modification that made the aircraft more marketable for sport piloting. In 1982, the company marketed its Moni motor glider. It was built of aluminum and featured bonded wing skins.

text:
# Monnett Experimental Aircraft

**Monnett Experimental Aircraft** was a United States aircraft manufacturer. Founded by John Monnett, a schoolteacher from Illinois who transitioned from a pilot of J3 Cubs and Aeronca Champs to building and designing tube-and-fabric racing aircraft built around the Volkswagen air-cooled engine. The company was founded to produce plans and kits for the Sonerai I aircraft. The Sonerai I was specially built to be used as a Formula V Air Racing racer. The follow-on aircraft, the Sonerai II was a two-seat modification that made the aircraft more marketable for sport piloting. In 1982, the company marketed its Moni motor glider. It was built of aluminum and featured bonded wing skins.

## Ownership history

In 1986 Monnett Experimental Aircraft was sold to INAV Ltd. INAV remained viable for only one year. The rights to the Sonerai series of aircraft were sold to HAPI, and were then again purchased by Great Plains Aircraft Supply Company, who still sells plans for the Sonerai aircraft. John Monnett went on to found a new company, Sonex Aircraft. Sonex and its follow-on aircraft have a common lineage to the VW engines of the Sonerai and simple aluminum construction of the Moni and Monex.

## Aircraft

|
|  |
**Summary of aircraft built by Monnett Experimental Aircraft**
| Model name | First flight | Number built | Type |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Sonerai I** | 1971 | 400+ | Single Seat Formula V Racer |
| **Sonerai II** | 1974 | 50+ | Two Seat mid-wing |
| **Monerai** | 1978 | 25+ | Glider |
| **Sonerai IIL** | 1981 | 25+ | Two Seat low-wing |
| **Monex** | 1981 | 1 | Single seat V-tail racer |
| **Moni** | 1982 | 1+ | Single Seat Motor Glider |
|

## InfoBox

Monnett Experimental Aircraft
| Company type | Experimental Aircraft Kits and Plans |
| --- | --- |
| Industry | Experimental Aircraft Manufacturer |
| Fate | Sold to INAV Ltd. 1986 |
| Successor | Great Plains Aircraft Supply Company |
| Headquarters | Elgin, Il |
| Key people | John Monnett |
| Products | Experimental Aircraft Kits and Plans |


title: Martin of Littlebury

abstract: Sir Martin of Littlebury was a British clerk and justice. He was first recorded in 1242 working as a King's clerk, although it is assumed that he had been previously working for the government as he was, in 1242, awarded the Moiety of a church in Blackburn, and also given a papal indulgence in February 1245. He was most likely a clerk in service to one of the King's justices, but there is also the possibility that he worked for the clerk of Chancery. Before 1245 he was presented to the parish church at Kirkoswald by Thomas of Moulton, either the Thomas of Moulton who served as a royal justice or his son of the same name. In 1250 he was made Canon of Salisbury Cathedral by William of York, another royal justice. In the late 1240s, Martin served as an occasional Assize Justice, but did not begin full service as a royal justice until the 1260s. In the first half of 1261, he served as a junior justice on three Eyres led by Gilbert of Preston, and became a senior justice on his own Eyre circuit when Eyres resumed in 1262. His final Eyre was in 1263 in Lincolnshire, although the circuit was never completed due to the outbreak of the Second Barons' War. He did not serve during the 1264 reign of Simon de Montford, the "uncrowned King of England", and was not returned to the bench until 1267, when he was appointed Chief Justice of the Common Pleas. According to the official record, he was a voice of moderation after the defeat of de Montford at the 1265 Battle of Evesham, calling for provisions to be made for the widows of those who had died and for the wives of noblemen who had survived but been disinherited. He served as Chief Justice of the Common Pleas until 1272, when on the death of Henry III he was appointed as the Lord Chief Justice, serving less than two years before dying in June 1274. Robert de Littlebury, Keeper of the Rolls and later a judge in Ireland, wad a cousin.

text:
# Martin of Littlebury

**Sir Martin of Littlebury** (died 1274) was a British clerk and justice. He was first recorded in 1242 working as a King's clerk, although it is assumed that he had been previously working for the government as he was, in 1242, awarded the Moiety of a church in Blackburn, and also given a papal indulgence in February 1245. He was most likely a clerk in service to one of the King's justices, but there is also the possibility that he worked for the clerk of Chancery. Before 1245 he was presented to the parish church at Kirkoswald by Thomas of Moulton, either the Thomas of Moulton who served as a royal justice or his son of the same name. In 1250 he was made Canon of Salisbury Cathedral by William of York, another royal justice.

In the late 1240s, Martin served as an occasional Assize Justice, but did not begin full service as a royal justice until the 1260s. In the first half of 1261, he served as a junior justice on three Eyres led by Gilbert of Preston, and became a senior justice on his own Eyre circuit when Eyres resumed in 1262. His final Eyre was in 1263 in Lincolnshire, although the circuit was never completed due to the outbreak of the Second Barons' War. He did not serve during the 1264 reign of Simon de Montford, the "uncrowned King of England", and was not returned to the bench until 1267, when he was appointed Chief Justice of the Common Pleas. According to the official record, he was a voice of moderation after the defeat of de Montford at the 1265 Battle of Evesham, calling for provisions to be made for the widows of those who had died and for the wives of noblemen who had survived but been disinherited.

He served as Chief Justice of the Common Pleas until 1272, when on the death of Henry III he was appointed as the Lord Chief Justice, serving less than two years before dying in June 1274. Robert de Littlebury, Keeper of the Rolls and later a judge in Ireland, wad a cousin.

* Brand, Paul (2004). "Oxford DNB: Littlebury, Martin of". *Oxford Dictionary of National Biography* (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/94450. Retrieved 6 September 2008. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
* Ball, F. Elrington (1926) The Judges in Ireland 1221-1921 London John Murray

## InfoBox

| Sir Martin of Littlebury | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| 11th Lord Chief Justice of England | |
| **In office**
1273–1274 | |
| Monarch | Henry III |
| Preceded by | Richard of Staines |
| Succeeded by | Ralph de Hengham |
| 12th Chief Justice of the Common Pleas | |
| **In office**
1267–1272 | |
| Monarch | Henry III |
| Preceded by | Sir Gilbert of Preston |
| Succeeded by | Sir Gilbert of Preston |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Unknown |
| Died | 1274 |
| Nationality | English |
|  | |