title: Sgt. Frog season 5

abstract: "Nante Suteki na Doyōbi" The fifth season of the Sgt. Frog anime series consists of the fifty-one episodes after episode two-hundred-and-five from the series, which first aired in Japan from April 5, 2008 to March 28, 2009 on TV Tokyo. Season 5 uses 5 songs: 2 Openings and 3 Endings. "Nante Suteki na Doyōbi" by Keroro Platoon is used as the opening from episode 206 to 231. "Hello Darwin! ~Kōkishin On Demand~" by JAM Project is used as the opening from episode 232 to 256. "Omatase Pekopon Itchō!" by the Keroro Platoon is used as the ending from episode 206 to 218. "Bokura no Aikotoba" by Natsumi Kiyoura is used as the ending from episode 219 to 244. "Kekkekkeroro no Daisakusen" by the Keroro Platoon is used as the ending from episode 245 to 256.

text:
# Sgt. Frog season 5

The fifth season of the *Sgt. Frog* anime series consists of the fifty-one episodes after episode two-hundred-and-five from the series, which first aired in Japan from April 5, 2008 to March 28, 2009 on TV Tokyo. Season 5 uses 5 songs: 2 Openings and 3 Endings. "Nante Suteki na Doyōbi" (なんて素敵な土曜日, "What a Wonderful Saturday") by Keroro Platoon is used as the opening from episode 206 to 231. "Hello Darwin! ~Kōkishin On Demand~" (ハローダーウィン! 〜好奇心オンデマンド〜, *Harō Dāwin! ~Kōkishin On Demando~*, "Hello Darwin! ~Curiosity On Demand~") by JAM Project is used as the opening from episode 232 to 256. "Omatase Pekopon Itchō!" (おまたせ地球一丁（ペコポンいっちょう）!, "Here's Pekopon for You!") by the Keroro Platoon is used as the ending from episode 206 to 218. "Bokura no Aikotoba" (僕らの合言葉, "Our Password") by Natsumi Kiyoura is used as the ending from episode 219 to 244. "Kekkekkeroro no Daisakusen" (ケッケッケロロの大作戦♪, Ke-Ke-Keroro's Big Plan) by the Keroro Platoon is used as the ending from episode 245 to 256.

## Episode list

| No. | Title | Original air date |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 206 | "Keroro Platoon, Start the Color Operation!!/Dororo, Do You Like Natto?"
Transliteration: "Keroro Shōtai Iroiro Sakusen Kaishi!! de Arimasu/Dororo Nattō wa Osuki? de Arimasu" (Japanese: ケロロ小隊 色々作戦開始！！ であります/ドロロ 納豆はお好き？ であります) | April 5, 2008 (2008-04-05) |
| 207 | "Keroro, Build A Company!/Ouka, Come With Cherry Blossoms"
Transliteration: "Keroro Kaisha o Tsukurou! de Arimasu/Sakura Sakura Totomoni Kuru de Arimasu" (Japanese: ケロロ 会社を作ろう！ であります/桜華 桜と共に来る であります) | April 12, 2008 (2008-04-12) |
| 208 | "Giroro, A Man's Backup/Keroro, Great Economical Mobile Operation!"
Transliteration: "Giroro Otoko no Bakkuappu de Arimasu/Keroro Oena Keitai Daisakusen! de Arimasu" (Japanese: ギロロ オトコのバックアップ であります/ケロロ お得な携帯大作戦！ であります) | April 19, 2008 (2008-04-19) |
| 209 | "Koyuki, I'll Stop Being A Shinobi"
Transliteration: "Koyuki Shinobi, Yame Masu de Arimasu" (Japanese: 小雪 忍び、やめます であります) | April 26, 2008 (2008-04-26) |
| 210 | "Natsumi, Disturbance After School/Aki, Children's Day"
Transliteration: "Natsumi Konwaku no Hōkago de Arimasu/Aki Kodomo no Hi de Arimasu" (Japanese: 夏美 困惑の放課後 であります/秋 子供の日 であります) | May 3, 2008 (2008-05-03) |
| 211 | "Musha Kero, Volume 1: Legendary Hero"
Transliteration: "Musha Kero Ichi no Maki Densetsu no Yūsha de Gozasōrō" (Japanese: 武者ケロ 壱の巻 伝説の勇者 でござ候) | May 10, 2008 (2008-05-10) |
| 212 | "Keroro, Don't Look At That!/Kogoro vs. Space Superintendent"
Transliteration: "Keroro Soredake wa Minai de! de Arimasu/Kogorō tai Uchū Keishi de Arimasu" (Japanese: ケロロ それだけは見ないで！ であります/５５６ ＶＳ 宇宙警視 であります) | May 17, 2008 (2008-05-17) |
| 213 | "Momoka, Reclaim Tomorrow!"
Transliteration: "Momoka Ashita o Torimodose! de Arimasu" (Japanese: 桃華 明日を取り戻せ！ であります) | May 23, 2008 (2008-05-23) |
| 214 | "Kululu, I Quit/Pururu, Nurse In Love"
Transliteration: "Kururu Yame Masu de Arimasu/Pururu Koisuru Kangohei de Arimasu" (Japanese: クルル やめます であります/プルル恋する看護兵 であります) | May 31, 2008 (2008-05-31) |
| 215 | "Keroro, The Eight Wettle Kings/Keroro, Gamma 3's Big Wet Idea"
Transliteration: "Keroro Hachinin no Wettoru Kingu de Arimasu/Keroro Gama Sangō Wetto Sakusen de Arimasu" (Japanese: ケロロ 8人のウェットルキング であります/ケロロ ガマ3号ウェット作戦 であります) | June 7, 2008 (2008-06-07) |
| 216 | "Keroro, Compression Invasion?/Fuyuki, Legendary Things in The Hinata House"
Transliteration: "Keroro Asshuku de Shinryaku? de Arimasu/Fuyuki Hinataka Zaihō Densetsu de Arimasu" (Japanese: ケロロ 圧縮で侵略？ であります/冬樹 日向家財宝伝説 であります) | June 14, 2008 (2008-06-14) |
| 217 | "Chibi Kero, The Forbidden Game/Keroro, Frightening Invaders"
Transliteration: "Chibi Kero Kinjirareta Asobi de Arimasu/Keroro Kyōfu no Shinryakusha de Arimasu" (Japanese: ちびケロ 禁じられた遊び であります/ケロロ 恐怖の侵略者 であります) | June 21, 2008 (2008-06-21) |
| 218 | "Chibi Kero, Whisper of the Heart/Keroro, Caries War 2"
Transliteration: "Chibi Kero Mimi o Sumaseba de Arimasu/Keroro Kariesu Wō Tsū de Arimasu" (Japanese: ちびケロ 耳をすませば であります/ケロロ カリエスウォー2 であります) | June 28, 2008 (2008-06-28) |
| 219 | "Musha Kero, Volume Two: Outburst of Laughter, Sengoku Comedian War!"
Transliteration: "Musha Kero Ni no Maki Bakushō! Sengoku Owarai Kassen ni Gozasōrō" (Japanese: 武者ケロ・弐の巻 爆笑！ 戦国お笑い合戦 にござ候) | July 5, 2008 (2008-07-05) |
| 220 | "Keroro, What is Global Warming?/Sababa, Devil King of The Desert"
Transliteration: "Keroro Chikyūondanka tte Nani? de Arimasu/Sababa Sabaku no Maō de Arimasu" (Japanese: ケロロ 地球温暖化ってなぁに？ であります/サババ 砂漠の魔王 であります) | July 12, 2008 (2008-07-12) |
| 221 | "Momoka, Decision on Sunday/Giroro, Decision on Sunday"
Transliteration: "Momoka Kessen wa Nichiyōbi de Arimasu/Giroro Kessen wa Nichiyōbi de Arimasu" (Japanese: 桃華 決戦は日曜日 であります/ギロロ 決戦は日曜日 であります) | July 19, 2008 (2008-07-19) |
| 222 | "Keroro, Fishing Rice Cookies on Rainy Days/Keroro, Memories and Fireworks"
Transliteration: "Keroro Ame no Hi wa Senbei Tsuri! de Arimasu/Keroro Omoide to Hanabi de Arimasu" (Japanese: ケロロ 雨の日はせんべい釣り！ であります/ケロロ 思い出と花火 であります) | July 26, 2008 (2008-07-26) |
| 223 | "Momoka, Desert Island Full of Women/Keroro, Frightening Red Shoes Operation"
Transliteration: "Momoka Onna Darake no Jujintō de Arimasu/Keroro Kyōfu no Akai Kutsu Sakusen de Arimasu" (Japanese: 桃華 女だらけの無人島 であります/ケロロ 恐怖の赤い靴作戦 であります) | August 2, 2008 (2008-08-02) |
| 224 | "Keroro, Celebrity Resort Dragnet"
Transliteration: "Keroro Serebu Rizōto Sōsa Mō de Arimasu" (Japanese: ケロロ セレブリゾート捜査網 であります) | August 9, 2008 (2008-08-09) |
| 225 | "Tamama, Beautiful Dive!/Keroro, The Ultimate Pekoponian Suit"
Transliteration: "Tamama Utsukushiki Daibu! de Arimasu/Keroro Kyūkyoku no Pekoponjin Sūtsu de Arimasu" (Japanese: タママ 美しきダイブ！ であります/ケロロ 究極のペコポン人スーツ であります) | August 16, 2008 (2008-08-16) |
| 226 | "Fuyuki, From a Distant Ocean Came a Turtle"
Transliteration: "Fuyuki Tōi Umi kara Kita Kame de Arimasu" (Japanese: 冬樹 遠い海から来たカメ であります) | August 23, 2008 (2008-08-23) |
| 227 | "Keroro and Natsumi, One Room"
Transliteration: "Keroro & Natsumi Hitotsu no Heya de Arimasu" (Japanese: ケロロ＆夏美 ひとつの部屋 であります) | August 30, 2008 (2008-08-30) |
| 228 | "Meruru, Postal Ser～vice!/Fuyuki, A Break in the Parking Area"
Transliteration: "Meruru Yūbin de ～ su!/Fuyuki Paakingu Eria de Arimasu" (Japanese: メルル 郵便で～す！ であります/冬樹 パーキングエリアで一服 であります) | September 6, 2008 (2008-09-06) |
| 229 | "Keroro, Killer Fist of Words!/Saburo and Kululu, Silent Fight"
Transliteration: "Keroro Kotoba no Hissatsu Ken! de Arimasu/Saburō & Kururu Shizuka na Tatakai de Arimasu" (Japanese: ケロロ コトバの必殺拳！ であります/サブロー&クルル 静かな戦い であります) | September 13, 2008 (2008-09-13) |
| 230 | "Momoka, Big Operation: Love Savings/Zeroro, I Finally Found Kikaka"
Transliteration: "Momoka Ai no Setsuyaku Sakusen de Arimasu/Zeroro Kikaka ga Yattekita de Arimasu" (Japanese: 桃華 愛の節約作戦 であります/ゼロロ キカカがやってきた であります) | September 20, 2008 (2008-09-20) |
| 231 | "Musha Kero: Volume 3, Big Explosion, Close Call For Princess Momo"
Transliteration: "Musha Kero San no Maki Daibakuhatsu! Momohime Kikiippatsu de Gozasōrō" (Japanese: 武者ケロ 参の巻 大爆発！桃姫危機一髪 でござ候) | September 27, 2008 (2008-09-27) |
| 232 | "Keroro, Board Robbing/Keroro, He～ro～es"
Transliteration: "Keroro Bōdorobō de Arimasu/Keroro Hīrōzu de Arimasu" (Japanese: ケロロ ボードロボー であります/ケロロ ひ～ろ～ず であります) | October 4, 2008 (2008-10-04) |
| 233 | "Aki, Editors are Strong!"
Transliteration: "Aki Henshūsha wa Tsuyoshi! de Arimasu" (Japanese: 秋 編集者は強し！ であります) | October 11, 2008 (2008-10-11) |
| 234 | "Keroro, Operation TV Projector/Keroro, Invading with a How-To Book"
Transliteration: "Keroro Teroppu Daisakusen de Arimasu/Keroro Hautsū Hon de Shinryaku de Arimasu" (Japanese: ケロロ テロップ大作戦 であります/ケロロ ハウツー本で侵略 であります) | October 18, 2008 (2008-10-18) |
| 235 | "Fuyuki and the Plesiosaur"
Transliteration: "Fuyuki to Shuchōryū de Arimasu" (Japanese: 冬樹 と 首長竜 であります) | October 25, 2008 (2008-10-25) |
| 236 | "Keroro, Chewing Gum?/Tamama, Tamamatango"
Transliteration: "Keroro Gamu Kamu? de Arimasu/Tamama Tamama Tango de Arimasu" (Japanese: ケロロ ガム噛む？ であります/タママ タママタンゴ であります) | November 1, 2008 (2008-11-01) |
| 237 | "Musha Kero, Volume 4: Go West, Musha Kero Platoon"
Transliteration: "Musha Kero Yon no Maki Musha Kero Shōtai Nishi e! de Gozasōrō" (Japanese: 武者ケロ 四の巻 武者ケロ小隊 西へ！ でござ候) | November 8, 2008 (2008-11-08) |
| 238 | "Keroro, Attack! Hint Age Difference Ultra Hammer/Dororo, Big Change!"
Transliteration: "Keroro Atakku! Hinto de Tashi no Sa Urutora Hanmā de Arimasu/Dororo Daikaizō! de Arimasu" (Japanese: ケロロ アタック！ヒントで 年の差ウルトラハンマー であります/ドロロ 大改造！ であります) | November 15, 2008 (2008-11-15) |
| 239 | "Natsumi, Is it A Love Triangle?/Pururu, Big Marriage Meeting Plan!"
Transliteration: "Natsumi Moshikashite Sankaku Kankei? de Arimasu/Pururu Omiai Daisakusen! de Arimasu" (Japanese: 夏美 もしかして三角関係？ であります/プルル お見合い大作戦！ であります) | November 22, 2008 (2008-11-22) |
| 240 | "Kululu, Sergeant Major's Special Mission/Keroro, Morning of Legends"
Transliteration: "Kururu Tokumei Sōchō de Arimasu/Keroro Densetsu no Asa de Arimasu" (Japanese: クルル 特命曹長 であります/ケロロ 伝説の朝 であります) | November 29, 2008 (2008-11-29) |
| 241 | "Kogoro, I Can't Tell You Right Now/Keroro, Vacuum Cleaner Forever!"
Transliteration: "Kogorō Ima wa Ienai de Arimasu/Keroro Sōjiki yo Eien nare! de Arimasu" (Japanese: 556 今は言えない であります/ケロロ 掃除機よ永遠なれ！ であります) | December 6, 2008 (2008-12-06) |
| 242 | "Keroro, Ceiling Walker/Keroro, Self-Consciousness Invasion"
Transliteration: "keroro Yaneura no Sanposha de Arimasu/Keroro Jiishikikajō de Shinryaku! de Arimasu" (Japanese: ケロロ 屋根裏の散歩者 であります/ケロロ 自意識過剰で侵略！ であります) | December 13, 2008 (2008-12-13) |
| 243 | "Keroro, Merry Christmas on the Battlefield"
Transliteration: "Keroro Senjō wa Merī Kurisumasu de Arimasu" (Japanese: ケロロ 戦場はメリークリスマス であります) | December 20, 2008 (2008-12-20) |
| 244 | "Keroro, Graffiti Dweller/Keroro, New Year's Eve Bustle"
Transliteration: "Keroro Rakugaki no Jūnin de Arimasu/Keroro Toshikoshi Daisōdō de Arimasu" (Japanese: ケロロ 落書きの住人 であります/ケロロ 年越し大騒動 であります) | December 27, 2008 (2008-12-27) |
| 245 | "Keroro, New Year's Invasion Operation!/Kogoro, Scratched Helmet"
Transliteration: "Keroro Hatsu Shinryaku Sakusen! de Arimasu/Kogorō Kizutsuita Herumetto de Arimasu" (Japanese: ケロロ 初侵略作戦！ であります/556 傷ついたヘルメット であります) | January 10, 2009 (2009-01-10) |
| 246 | "Giroro, Special Gargling Training!/Keroro, Kero-Eraser!"
Transliteration: "Giroro Ugai Mōtokkun!/Keroro Kero Keshi! de Arimasu" (Japanese: ギロロ うがい猛特訓！ であります/ケロロ ケロ消し！ であります) | January 17, 2009 (2009-01-17) |
| 247 | "Mois, Lipstick Slapstick/Keroro, Get Out! Keron Bar Field"
Transliteration: "Moa Rippusutikku Surappusutikku de Arimasu/Keroro Dasshutsu! Keron Bā Fīrudo de Arimasu" (Japanese: モア リップスティック・スラップスティック であります/ケロロ 脱出！ ケロンバーフィールド であります) | January 24, 2009 (2009-01-24) |
| 248 | "Keroro, Don't Call Me Mommy/Masayoshi Yoshiokadaira: That Delusion is Mine!"
Transliteration: "Keroro Mama to Yobanai de de Arimasu/Yoshiokadaira Masayoshi Mōsō suru wa Waga ni Ari! de Arimasu" (Japanese: ケロロ ママと呼ばないで であります/吉岡平正義 妄想するは我にあり！ であります) | January 31, 2009 (2009-01-31) |
| 249 | "Musha Kero, Volume 5: Keronian of the Hidden Fortress"
Transliteration: "Musha Kero Go no Maki Kakushi Toride no Keronjin de Gozasōrō" (Japanese: 武者ケロ・伍の巻 隠し砦のケロン人 でござ候) | February 7, 2009 (2009-02-07) |
| 250 | "Musha Kero, Volume 6: The Revived Hero!!"
Transliteration: "Musha Kero Roku no Maki Yomigaeru Yūsha de Gozasōrō!!" (Japanese: 武者ケロ•六の巻 蘇る勇者 でござ候) | February 14, 2009 (2009-02-14) |
| 251 | "Kogoro and Kobayashi!"
Transliteration: "Kogorō to Kobayashi! de Arimasu" (Japanese: 556と5884！ であります) | February 21, 2009 (2009-02-21) |
| 252 | "Keroro, Let's Go to the Movies!"
Transliteration: "Keroro Eiga ni Yukou! de Arimasu" (Japanese: ケロロ 映画に行こう！ であります) | February 28, 2009 (2009-02-28) |
| 253 | "Keroro, The Incredible Keroro/Keroro, Black-Phone Investigator 66"
Transliteration: "Keroro Chōjin Keroro de Arimasu/Keroro Kuro Denwa Sōsakan Rokujūroku de Arimasu" (Japanese: ケロロ 超人ケロロ であります/ケロロ 黒電話捜査官66 であります) | March 7, 2009 (2009-03-07) |
| 254 | "Fuyuki, Trunks versus Briefs/Garuru, Obscured Feelings!?"
Transliteration: "Fuyuki Torankusu tai Burīfu de Arimasu/Garuru Hisokanaru Omoi!? de Arimasu" (Japanese: 冬樹 トランクス対ブリーフ であります/ガルル 密かなる想い！？ であります) | March 14, 2009 (2009-03-14) |
| After Fuyuki's mom buys him new underwear, he debates between sticking with briefs or changing to trunks. One pair of his briefs comes to life and talks to him. | | | |
| 255 | "Keroro, Frightening Darkness Plan!/Keroro, Frightening Whiteness Plan/Keroro, Frightening Time-Stop Plan!"
Transliteration: "Keroro Kyōfu no Dai Ankoku Sakusen! de Arimasu/Keroro Kyōfu no Dai Bihaku Sakusen! de Arimasu/Keroro Kyōfu no Dai Teishi Sakusen! de Arimasu" (Japanese: ケロロ 恐怖の大暗黒作戦！ であります/ケロロ 恐怖の大美白作戦！ であります/ケロロ 恐怖の大停止作戦！ であります) | March 21, 2009 (2009-03-21) |
| 256 | "Fuyuki and Natsumi, Keroro Invasion!/Keroro, That's a～Lie♪"
Transliteration: "Fuyuki & Natsumi Keroro Shūrai! de Arimasu/Keroro Usso da Yōn♪ de Arimasu" (Japanese: 冬樹＆夏美 ケロロ襲来！ であります/ケロロ ウッソだよ～ん♪ であります) | March 28, 2009 (2009-03-28) |

## InfoBox

| *Sgt. Frog* | |
| --- | --- |
| Season 5 | |
| Cover of *Keroro Gunsou*'s first Season 5 DVD volume released. | |
| No. of episodes | 51 |
| Release | |
| Original network | TV Tokyo |
| Original release | April 5, 2008 (2008-04-05)
March 28, 2009 (2009-03-28) |
| Season chronology | |
|


title: Shangguan, Dali

abstract: Shangguan Town is a town under the administration of Dali City, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan, China.

text:
# Shangguan, Dali

**Shangguan Town** (simplified Chinese: 上关镇; traditional Chinese: 上關鎮; pinyin: *Shàngguān Zhèn*; Bai: Doux guerf) is a town under the administration of Dali City, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan, China.

## Administrative divisions

Shangguan administers the following administrative divisions:

Jiangwei Village (江尾村), Qingsuo Village (青索村), Dabaguan Village (大把关村), Zhaoyi Village (兆邑村), Louyi Village (漏邑村), Shaping Village (沙坪村), East Shaping or Dongshaping Village (东沙坪村), Dapai Village (大排村), Hewei Village (河尾村), Daying Village (大营村), Majiayi Village (马甲邑村), Machang Village (马厂村), and Haichaohe Village (海潮河村).

## InfoBox

| Shangguan Town 上关镇 | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
|  | |
| Location of Shangguan Town in Dali City | |
| Country | China |
| Province | Yunnan |
| Autonomous prefecture | Dali |
| County-level city | Dali |
| Seat | 1 Jiangwei New District (江尾新区1号) |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Yin Zhixiong (尹志雄) |
| Party Committee Secretary | Ma Xiaolei (马晓磊) |
| Area | |
| Total | 115.59 km2 (44.63 sq mi) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 36,565 |


title: Serpil Midyatli

abstract: Serpil Midyatli is a German politician who has been serving as deputy leader of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), and chairwoman of the SPD in Schleswig-Holstein since 2019. She has been the Leader of the Opposition in Schleswig-Holstein since July 2021.

text:
# Serpil Midyatli

**Serpil Midyatli** (born 8 August 1975) is a German politician who has been serving as deputy leader of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), and chairwoman of the SPD in Schleswig-Holstein since 2019. She has been the Leader of the Opposition in Schleswig-Holstein since July 2021.

## Political career

Midyatli joined the Social Democratic Party of Germany in 2000. She was part of the local municipal council in Kiel-Gaarden. Midyatli has been a member of the Landtag of Schleswig-Holstein since the 2009 election.

Midyatli's political topics of interest include social integration, equality, family policy, and other social issues. She is considered part of the left wing within the Social Democratic Party.

In March 2019 Midyatli became leader of the SPD in Schleswig-Holstein, succeeding Ralf Stegner to be the first woman in the office. On 6 December she was elected as one of five deputy federal chairpersons of her party. Prior to this, she supported Saskia Esken and Norbert Walter-Borjans in the leadership election. Also succeeding Ralf Stegner, Midyatli became chairwoman of the party's parliamentary group in the Landtag of Schleswig-Holstein and thereby leader of the opposition in July 2021.

In the negotiations to form a so-called traffic light coalition of the SPD, the Green Party and the FDP following the 2021 federal elections, Midyatli led her party's delegation in the working group on children, youth and families; her co-chairs from the other parties were Katrin Göring-Eckardt and Stephan Thomae.

Midyatli was nominated by her party as delegate to the Federal Convention for the purpose of electing the President of Germany in 2022.

In December 2023 Midyatli became Leader of the SPD in the Landtag of Schleswig-Holstein once again, after the incumbent Thomas Losse-Müller announced his resignation on 6 December 2023.

## Other activities

* Business Forum of the Social Democratic Party of Germany, Member of the Political Advisory Board (since 2020)

## Personal life

Midyatli was born in 1975 in Kiel, where she also grew up. Her parents are Turkish immigrants. She is a Muslim, married, and has two sons.

After graduating from the Realschule in 1992, Midyatli originally planned to study law. Instead she came to lead a restaurant owned by her parents at the age of 18. She later ran a concert hall, a catering company, and founded a cultural event company with her husband.

## InfoBox

| Serpil Midyatli | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Leader of the Opposition in the Landtag of Schleswig-Holstein | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
12 December 2023 | |
| Minister-President | Daniel Günther |
| Preceded by | Thomas Losse-Müller |
| Leader of the Social Democratic Party in the Landtag of Schleswig-Holstein | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
12 December 2023 | |
| Chief Whip | Kai Dolgner |
| Deputy | Martin Habersaat
Birte Pauls |
| Preceded by | Thomas Losse-Müller |
| Member of the Landtag of Schleswig-Holstein | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
06 June 2017 | |
| Constituency | Social Democratic List |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 8 August 1975
Kiel, West Germany |
| Nationality | Germany |
| Political party | Social Democratic Party |
|  | |


title: Shades of Grey: Glasgow, 1956–1986

abstract: Shades of Grey: Glasgow, 1956-86 is a book of photographs by Oscar Marzaroli with an essay by William McIlvanney. One of the photos from the book, a 1963 portrait of three young boys wearing their mother's high-heeled shoes playing in Kidson Street in the Gorbals area of Glasgow, was in 2005 made into a bronze statue installed in Queen Elizabeth Square. February 2020 The Marzaroli family created the Gorbals community group that made saving Oscars unseen collection possible through Caledonian University. The statue was unveiled in August 2008 by Nicola Sturgeon, then Scotland's Deputy First Minister.

text:
# Shades of Grey: Glasgow, 1956–1986

***Shades of Grey: Glasgow, 1956-86*** is a book of photographs by Oscar Marzaroli with an essay by William McIlvanney.

One of the photos from the book, a 1963 portrait of three young boys wearing their mother's high-heeled shoes playing in Kidson Street in the Gorbals area of Glasgow, was in 2005 made into a bronze statue installed in Queen Elizabeth Square.

February 2020

The Marzaroli family created the Gorbals community group that made saving Oscars unseen collection possible through Caledonian University.

The statue was unveiled in August 2008 by Nicola Sturgeon, then Scotland's Deputy First Minister.

## InfoBox

Shades of Grey: Glasgow 1956-86
| First edition | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Oscar Marzaroli, William McIlvanney |
| Publisher | Mainstream Publishing |
| Publication date | 31 December 1987 (1987-12-31) |
| Pages | 223 |
| ISBN | 9781851580477 |


title: Shades of Liberty

abstract: Shades of Liberty is the debut studio album from Belfast new wave/rock band Silent Running. It was released in 1984 by EMI, and produced by Peter Walsh.

text:
# Shades of Liberty

***Shades of Liberty*** is the debut studio album from Belfast new wave/rock band Silent Running. It was released in 1984 by EMI, and produced by Peter Walsh.

## Background

Prior to signing to EMI, Silent Running recruited George Beavis on keyboards and together the band recorded tracks such as "Speed of Life" for their proposed first album. However, Beavis was subsequently dismissed and replaced with Alex White. The line-up then recorded *Shades of Liberty*. Three singles were released from the album: "Emotional Warfare", "Young Hearts", and "Sticks and Stones". Despite attempts to gain commercial success, the band never achieved the desired breakthrough. "Young Hearts" was the only single to make a chart appearance in the UK, where it reached No. 92. *Shades of Liberty* failed to chart. Both "Young Hearts" and "Sticks and Stones" were released within the UK and Europe only, while "Emotional Warfare" was released in America and Europe.

*Shades of Liberty* was the band's only album release for EMI. A second album for EMI was planned and the single "No Faith is Blind" preceded it in 1985. However, the limited success of the single resulted in the label cancelling the second album and dropping the band. They would sign to Atlantic Records after, where they would record two albums.

## Recording

The album was recorded at both The Manor and Windmill Lane Studios in Dublin, while it was mixed at The Manor and Air Studios. It was recorded during January–February 1984.

## Release

The album was released by EMI Records in the UK, Europe and North America. In North America, the album was titled *Emotional Warfare*, after the leading (and only) single in that territory. The release featured slightly different front artwork, with a black background replacing the white of the European sleeve. The back artwork on the European and North America editions are completely different. The album has not seen a CD release.

## Promotion

A music video was filmed to promote the "Emotional Warfare" and "Young Hearts" singles. In 1984, the band appeared on UK TV show *The Tube*, where they performed "Emotional Warfare" and "Sticks and Stones". On the German TV show *Musik Convoy*, the band performed "Young Hearts".

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Home is Where the Heart Is" | Richard Collett, Peter Gamble | 3:58 |
| 2. | "Emotional Warfare" | Tony Scott, Ian Gault, Alex White, Collett, Gamble | 5:08 |
| 3. | "One in a Million Day" | Collett, Gamble, Scott | 3:50 |
| 4. | "Sticks and Stones" | Scott, Gault, White, Collett, Gamble | 4:08 |
| 5. | "That's Life (In the Real World)" | Scott, Gault, White, Collett, Gamble | 5:52 |
| 6. | "Shades of Liberty" | Collett, Gamble, Gault, Scott | 4:20 |
| 7. | "Crimson Days" | Gamble, Gault, Scott | 3:58 |
| 8. | "Young Hearts" | Collett, Gamble, Gault, Scott | 3:38 |
| 9. | "Go for the Heart" | Gamble | 5:50 |

## Critical reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *Billboard* | favorable |
| *Melody Maker* |  |
| *Record Mirror* |  |

Upon release, the album received a five out of five star review in the Melody Maker magazine headlined "Silent Classic". In the American magazine *Billboard*, *Shades of Liberty* was included under the 'Recommended' section of the 'Pop' albums section. The magazine described the album as "U2-style wall of sound to a disco beat."

## Chart performance

### Singles

#### "Young Hearts"

| Chart (1984) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| UK Singles Chart | 92 |

## Personnel

Silent Running * Peter Gamble - vocals
* Tony Scott - guitar
* Alex White - keyboards
* Richard Collett - bass
* Ian Gault - drums

Additional personnel * Peter Walsh - producer, engineer
* Jif - assistant engineer at Air
* Steve Chase - assistant engineer at The Manor
* Kevin Killen \- assistant engineer at Windmill Lane
* Design RX - The Creative Department Ltd. - sleeve artwork
* Ursula Steiger - photography

## InfoBox

| Shades of Liberty | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Silent Running | |
| Released | June 1984 |
| Genre | New wave, rock |
| Length | 40:42 |
| Label | EMI |
| Producer | Peter Walsh |
| Silent Running chronology | |
| ***Shades of Liberty***
(1984) *Walk on Fire*
(1987) | |


title: William Farish (chemist)

abstract: William Farish (1759–1837) was a British scientist who was a professor of Chemistry and Natural Philosophy at the University of Cambridge, known for the development of the method of isometric projection and development of the first written university examination.

text:
# William Farish (chemist)

**William Farish** (1759–1837) was a British scientist who was a professor of Chemistry and Natural Philosophy at the University of Cambridge, known for the development of the method of isometric projection and development of the first written university examination.

## Biography

Farish was probably born around mid-April, as he was baptized on 21 April 1759. Farish's father was the Reverend James Farish (1714–1783), vicar of Stanwix near Carlisle. Farish himself was educated at Carlisle Grammar School, entered Magdalene College, Cambridge, as a sizar in 1774, and graduated Senior Wrangler and first in Smith's Prize in 1778. As tutor in 1792, Farish developed the concept of grading students' work quantitatively.

He was Professor of Chemistry at Cambridge from 1794 to 1813, lecturing on chemistry's practical application. Farish's lectures as professor of chemistry, which were oriented towards natural philosophy while the professor of natural and experimental philosophy F. J. H. Wollaston (1762–1828) gave very chemically oriented lectures. From 1813 to 1837 Farish was Jacksonian Professor of Natural Philosophy. In 1819 Professor Farish became the first president of the Cambridge Philosophical Society.

Farish was also Vicar of St Giles' and St Peter from 1800 to 1837. He extensively remodelled St Giles' Church, Cambridge, increasing the accommodation from 100 to 600 seats.

## Work

At Cambridge University, according to Hilkens (1967), Farish was "the first man to teach the construction of machines as a subject in its own right instead of merely using mechanisms as examples to illustrate the principles of theoretical physics or applied mathematics." He further became "famous for his work in applying chemistry and mechanical science to arts and manufactures".

### Isometric projection

In his lectures on the mechanical principles of machinery used in manufacturing industries, Farish often used models to illustrated particular principles. This models were often especially assembled for these lectures and disassembled for storage afterwards. In order to explain how these models were to be assembled he had developed a drawing technique, which he called "Isometrical Perspective".

Although the concept of an isometric had existed in a rough way for centuries, William Farish is generally regarded as the first to provide rules for isometric drawing. In the 1822 paper "On Isometrical Perspective" Farish recognized the "need for accurate technical working drawings free of optical distortion. This would lead him to formulate isometry. Isometry means "equal measures" because the same scale is used for height, width, and depth".

From the middle of the 19th century, according to Jan Krikke (2006) isometry became an "invaluable tool for engineers, and soon thereafter axonometry and isometry were incorporated in the curriculum of architectural training courses in Europe and the U.S. The popular acceptance of axonometry came in the 1920s, when modernist architects from the Bauhaus and De Stijl embraced it". De Stijl architects like Theo van Doesburg used "axonometry for their architectural designs, which caused a sensation when exhibited in Paris in 1923".

## Works

* 1796. *A plan of a course of lectures on arts and manufactures : more particularly such as relate to chemistry*.
* 1822. "On Isometrical Perspective". In: *Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society*, **1**
* 1849. *Professor Farish on Isometrical Drawing*. J.P. Pirsson.


title: Yuandong Subdistrict

abstract: Yuandong Subdistrict is a township-level division of Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.

text:
# Yuandong Subdistrict

**Yuandong Subdistrict** (Chinese: 苑东街道) is a township-level division of Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.

38°01′51″N 114°24′24″E / 38.03083°N 114.40667°E / 38.03083; 114.40667

## InfoBox

| Yuandong Subdistrict 苑东街道 | |
| --- | --- |
| Subdistrict | |
| Chinese transcription(s) | |
| Country | China |
| Province | Hebei |
| Prefecture | Shijiazhuang |
| District | Qiaoxi District |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard Time) |


title: Ute Vinzing

abstract: Ute Vinzing is a German dramatic soprano who received the title Kammersängerin. She is known for roles such as Wagner's Brünnhilde, Isolde, Ortrud and Kundry, and for Elektra and the Dyer's Wife by Richard Strauss, which she performed at international stages.

text:
# Ute Vinzing

**Ute Vinzing** (born 9 September, 1936) is a German dramatic soprano who received the title Kammersängerin. She is known for roles such as Wagner's Brünnhilde, Isolde, Ortrud and Kundry, and for Elektra and the Dyer's Wife by Richard Strauss, which she performed at international stages.

## Career

### Training and artistic beginnings

Born in Wuppertal, Vinzing first learned the profession of seamstress. She then took private singing lessons, first with Elisabeth Boeker in Lüdenscheid. Without the knowledge of her family she continued her studies with Francesco Carrino in Düsseldorf. In December 1966, she won first prize at the first Bundeswettbewerb Gesang., with Josef Greindl and Elisabeth Grümmer as jury members. She then received an audition from Wieland Wagner, who recommended her to Bernhard Klee, then Generalmusikdirektor at the Theater Lübeck, who made her a member of the ensemble.

In 1967, she made her debut at the Theater Lübeck in the role of Marie in Smetana's *Die verkaufte Braut*. During the following three years in Lübeck she worked on 14 leading roles. At first she was mainly used in the Italian repertoire, but sang these roles in German, as was customary at the time. Her Lübeck roles included among others Mimì in Puccini's *La bohème*, the title role in his *Madama Butterfly*, Desdemona in Verdi's *Otello*, Leonora in his *Die Macht des Schicksals*, as well as roles in contemporary repertoire, such as in *Aufführung* by Ján Cikker and the Bride in Fortner's *Bluthochzeit*. In the latter production, she got to know Martha Mödl, from whom she subsequently received instruction in voice training and language instructions. In Lübeck she also performed her first Wagner roles: Elisabeth in *Tannhäuser* and Senta in *Der fliegende Holländer*.

From 1971 to 1976, Vinzing joined the ensemble of the Opernhaus Wuppertal directed by Kurt Horres, where she expanded her dramatic roles. In Italian, she added Abigaille in Verdi's *Nabucco*, Élisabetta in his *Don Carlos*, and the title role in Puccini's *Tosca* to her repertoire. In Wuppertal, she also performed Brünnhilde in Wagner's *The Ring of the Nibelungen* for the first time in 1974. Her last role in Wuppertal in 1976, was Kundry in *Parsifal* after which, she worked as a freelance singer.

### Guest performances in Germany and Austria

From 1972, Vinzing performed extensively on German stages. During her engagement in Lübeck she appeared several times at the Deutsche Oper am Rhein. There she was especially successful as Senta, which she performed more than 100 times during her career. In 1972, she first appeared as Isolde in Wagner's *Tristan und Isolde* at the Theater Hagen. In 1973, she took over the Empress in *Die Frau ohne Schatten* by Richard Strauss at the Staatstheater Nürnberg, staged by Hans-Peter Lehmann and conducted by Hans Gierster, with Karl-Heinz Thiemann as the Emperor and Astrid Varnay as the Nurse. In 1976 she first appeared in the title role of *Elektra* by Strauss, with Anny Schlemm as Klytämnestra, at the Staatstheater Hannover, where she appeared regularly. She made her role debut as Kundry in Wagner's *Parsifal* there in the 1981/82 season in a new production with Siegfried Jerusalem in the title role and Bent Norup as Klingsor. A reviewer noted that she "impressed the audience with her intense performance and confident mastery of her powerful soprano, full of timbre in all registers, with profound depth and clear high notes". In March/April 1981, in April 1982 and again in March 1983 she appeared in Hanover at gala performances and in repertoire performances as Elektra (conductors Heinz Fricke, George Alexander Albrecht, Ralf Weikert and Ferdinand Leitner). Her Elektra in April 1981 "radiated intensity even in the last moments" and was praised as a "really great achievement" by the critics. In April 1981, she stepped in as the Dyer's Wife in *Die Frau ohne Schatten*, reviewed as "outstanding in every respect" and "inspired audience and critics both in her performance and through the perfect leadership of her powerful voice". In June 1981 Vinzing sang *Siegfried*-Brünnhilde at the Staatstheater Hannover "with a luminous voice"; "she unfolded a tremendous power and also got a lot out of the part in acting".

From the end of the 1970s, she appeared regularly at the Deutsche Oper Berlin, several times as the Dyer's Wife. A review noted: "Vinzing fully met the high expectations placed in her both vocally and representatively; she revealed with convincing intensity the change of the dyer's wife from an unfulfilled quarrelsome woman to a loving wife". In February 1981 she also sang Elektra in Berlin. Her interpretation of the text was "both understandable and thoughtful", the presentation "gripping", without the "least vocal fatigue". Vinzing was compared in vocal and playing intensity to the soprano Ursula Schröder-Feinen, who was considered in Berlin as the unsurpassed soprano in this role. In June 1988 she was the "sovereign" Brünnhilde in the *Götterdämmerung* gala performance for the 75th birthday of the conductor Heinrich Hollreiser. In September 1988, Vinzing was Elektra when Ruth Hesse made her role debut as Klytämnestra. In February 1990 Vinzing again sang the title role. In September 1990 Vinzing performed again as Elektra at the DOB during a guest performance of the Semperoper at the Berliner Festspiele in Dresden. In the 1982/83 season at the Theater Augsburg she took over Brünnhilde in the *Götterdämmerung* in the revival of the last part of Wagner's Ring cycle. Vinzing sang with "sufficient volume and perseverance to endure the whole opera without signs of fatigue".

Vinzing appeared at the Hamburg State Opera as Leonore in Beethoven's *Fidelio*, as Kundry and the Dyer's Wife. At the Bavarian State Opera in Munich, she appeared as Isolde, Brünnhilde and Kundry at the Badisches Staatstheater Karlsruhe (season 1984/85); in November 1984 as Isolde in *Tristan und Isolde*, in April 1985 as Brünnhilde in the *Ring* cycle, in June 1985 as Ortrud, at short notice as a substitute, in July 1985 then as the Dyer's Wife, in May 1987 as *Fidelio*, at the Staatstheater Stuttgart (season 1984/85; as Isolde), at the Cologne Opera (1986 as Isolde). She appeared at the Semperoper in Dresden as Elektra, at the Oper Bonn also as Elektra and as the Dyer's Wife. In June 1988 she sang Brünnhilde in *Die Walküre* in a concert performance at the Kölner Philharmonie with the Gürzenich Orchestra Cologne (Marek Janowski conducting); she won praise for "the size and volume of her apparently effortlessly used splendid soprano".

Between 1976 and 1991, Vinzing made guest appearances in over 30 performances at the Vienna State Opera, including Senta, Leonore in *Fidelio*, Elektra, Dyer's Wife, Kundry, Brünnhilde and Isolde. In February 1981 she sang Isolde in Vienna conducted by Heinrich Hollreiser; In May 1985, she sang in a Wagner concert in Vienna conducted by Leonard Bernstein, which included the third act of *Siegfried* alongside James King, and the final scene of *Die Walküre*, alongside Thomas Stewart.

### International guest performances

In 1977, Vinzing performed at the Paris Opera as Brünnhilde in *Die Walküre*. In February 1985 she appeared there as Isolde with René Kollo as Tristan, conducted by Marek Janowski.

In June 1983, she was one of the three soprano soloists in Mahler's Eight Symphony ("Symphony of a Thousand") at the Basilica dei Santi Giovanni e Paolo in Venice, conducted by Eliahu Inbal. In the 1983/84 season she appeared as Isolde at the Teatro Comunale di Bologna in a new production directed by Yuri Lyubimov. In the summer of 1984 she sang Brünnhilde in the production by George London in the *Ring* cycle of the Seattle Opera, U.S.. In April 1984 she appeared as Brünnhilde in *Die Walküre* with the ensemble of the Metropolitan Opera in two guest performances at the Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington, D.C.. She made her debut at the Met as Elektra.

She also performed internationally at the Grand Théâtre de Genève (as Brünnhilde), at the Copenhagen Opera House (as Isolde), several times at the Teatro Colón (1977 as Isolde with Jess Thomas as partner; 1980 as Ortrud in *Lohengrin* with Jess Thomas in the title role; 1987 as Elektra with "vocal strength and unconditional commitment, especially in the orgiastic conclusion" also there as Brünnhilde), at the Teatro Comunale di Firenze (October 1988, as Isolde) and at the Marseille Opera House (1989; as Elektra). In Marseille she sang in October 1992, "vocally fully satisfying the demands of her part", also for the last time the Dyer's Wife, whom she portrayed as an "energetic, strong-willed woman without hysteria".

### Honour and stage farewell

Vinzing was awarded the title of Kammersängerin. In October 1993 she retired from the stage with a gala concert in the Lübecker Holstentorhalle. She sang excerpts from *Die Walküre* and *Götterdämmerung*, in which her long-time stage colleagues Donald McIntyre (Wotan) and Spas Wenkoff (Siegfried) were her partners.

### Private life

Vinzing was married to the musician and music professor Claus Rößner (1936-2016), whom she had met during her engagement in Lübeck. From 1961 to 1971 Rößner was musical assistant to Karl Böhm in Bayreuth, later first Kapellmeister in Lübeck and professor in Lübeck for choral singing at the Universität der Künste Berlin.

## Repertoire

Vinzing was esteemed as a dramatic soprano, and as a Wagner singer. She was one of the few "real highly dramatic singers" in the German-speaking world. In the course of her career she sang about 50 different roles. Later in her career she reduced her repertoire to about ten to twelve core roles, mainly in Wagner and Strauss (among others Brünnhilde, Isolde, Ortrud, Kundry, Elektra, and the Dyer's Wife). Due to the difficulty of her roles, Vinzing limited her performances to about 35-40 evenings per year.

Between 1974 and 1987, Vinzing sang the role of Brünnhilde in more than ten different complete *Ring* cycles, among others in Wuppertal (1974), Hanover (February 1983; in *Die Walküre* and *Siegfried*), Karlsruhe (April 1985, June/July 1988 in *Götterdämmerung*), Düsseldorf, Hamburg, Berlin (March 1986 in the complete ring cycle, in *Die Walküre* with "great musical certainty and acting maturity" in November 1986 again in *Götterdämmerung*; also in March 1989 and May 1990), Cologne (June/November 1988 and June 1989; in concert performances of the *Ring* under Marek Janowski), Vienna, Geneva, Seattle (June and August 1984), Barcelona (March 1985; as *Siegfried*-Brünnhilde), Buenos Aires, Paris (1977, February 1986), Munich (May/June 1987, January 1988 with "victorious top notes") and Orange (July 1988).

In July 1981, she was "very engaged", as the partner of Hans Beirer at the Deutsche Oper Berlin (DOB) in the *Götterdämmerung* performance, in which Beirer performed once again as Siegfried in the Ring cycle on the occasion of his 70th birthday.

## Recordings

Vinzing's operatic work is inadequately documented on records, as Vinzing was not tied to any record company in the course of her career. There exist only two official audio documents: in 1984, a live recording of a concert performance of *Elektra* was released, first on LP and later also on CD. It was made in Paris with the Orchestre National de France, conducted by Christof Prick; her partners were Leonie Rysanek as Chrysothemis, Maureen Forrester as Klytämnestra and Bent Norup as Orest. In 1987, EMI released an unabridged studio recording of *Die Frau ohne Schatten*, with Wolfgang Sawallisch conducting.

A studio recording of *Elektra*, to be conducted by Klaus Tennstedt, already planned by EMI, did not come about. However, there are some radio recordings of Vinzing. The label *Gala* also released a CD box with live recordings from 1972 to 1985 in 2006.

## Further reading

* Wilhelm Kosch (ed.): *Deutsches Theater-Lexikon*. Vol. V. p. 2789. De Gruyter, Berlin December 2000, ISBN 978-3-907820-40-7. Walter de Gruyter.
* Gerhart Asche: "Ute Vinzing". In *Opernwelt*, June 1983, pp. 20–21.
* Reinhold Rödl: "Ute Vinzing. Starmitglied in internationalen Ensembles". In *Orpheus*, May 1984, pp. 324–327.
* M. Rutkowski: "Lübeck. Wagner-Konzert". In *Opernglas*, December 1993, p. 49.
* Ruth Eberhardt: "Ute Vinzing. Bühnenabschied der Künstlerin". In *Orpheus*, January 1994, pp. 1011.
* Michael Arndt: "Leb wohl, du kühnes, herrliches Kind!". In *Orpheus*, January 1994, p. 11.

## InfoBox

| Ute Vinzing | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1936-09-09) 9 September 1936<br>Wuppertal, Germany |
| Occupation | Operatic soprano |
| Organizations |  |
| Website | Kammersängerin |


title: Vivian E. J. Cook

abstract: Vivian E. J. Cook (1889-1977) was an American educator and activist. She was the first African American woman in Baltimore to hold an administrative position at a secondary school.

text:
# Vivian E. J. Cook

**Vivian E. J. Cook** (1889-1977) was an American educator and activist. She was the first African American woman in Baltimore to hold an administrative position at a secondary school.

## Biography

Cook née Johnson was born in Collierville, Tennessee on October 6, 1889. Her parents, Caroline Alley and Spencer Johnson, were both born into slavery. Caroline Alley became the first African American school teacher in Fayette County, Tennessee and her four daughters, including Vivian received college educations.

Cook graduated from Howard University in 1912. She began her teaching career at the Tuskegee Institute. She then moved to Cincinnati, Ohio and from there moved to St. Louis, Missouri where she taught at Sumner High School. She received her master's degree from Columbia University in 1917. In 1918 she married Ralph Victor Cook and the couple moved to Baltimore, Maryland.

In Baltimore, Cook worked as a teacher, vice-principal, and principal at several schools in the city including Frederick Douglass High School, Booker T. Washington High School, Dunbar Junior-Senior High School, Harvey Johnson Junior High School and Morgan State College. Cook was the first African American woman in Baltimore to hold an administrative position at a secondary school.

Cook was active in social and advocacy groups in Baltimore including the Epsilon Omega Chapter of Alpha Kappa Alpha, the Baltimore chapter of the National Association of College Women, and the Philomathean Club. In 1938 Cook was on the African-American subcommittee of the Baltimore Museum of Art's (BMA) Committee of the City where she advocated for an educational component to the 1939 exhibition *Contemporary Negro Art*. She also collaborated with curator Adelyn Breeskin on BMA projects highlighting African-American art. Cook worked with the Women’s Cooperative Civic League to arrange BMA's 1941 acquisition of a Dox Thrash watercolor, and the 1946 acquisition of a Jacob Lawrence watercolor.

Cook died on July 28, 1977 in Baltimore. Her papers are archived at Howard University.

## InfoBox

| Vivian E. J. Cook | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Vivian Elma Johnson
(1889-10-06)October 6, 1889
Collierville, Tennessee |
| Died | July 28, 1977(1977-07-28) (aged 87)
Baltimore, Maryland |
| Nationality | American |
| Education | Howard University, Columbia University |
| Occupation | Educator |
| Spouse | Ralph Victor Cook |


title: Temperance bar

abstract: A temperance bar, also known as an alcohol-free bar, sober bar, or dry bar, is a type of bar that does not serve alcoholic beverages. An alcohol-free bar can be a business establishment or located in a non-business environment or event, such as at a wedding. Alcohol-free bars typically serve non-alcoholic beverages, such as non-alcoholic cocktails known as mocktails, alcohol-free beer or low-alcohol beer, alcohol-free wine, juice, soft drinks and water. Popular temperance drinks include cream soda, dandelion and burdock, sarsaparilla, and Vimto, among others. Various foods may also be served.

text:
# Temperance bar

A **temperance bar**, also known as an **alcohol-free bar**, **sober bar**, or **dry bar**, is a type of bar that does not serve alcoholic beverages. An alcohol-free bar can be a business establishment or located in a non-business environment or event, such as at a wedding. Alcohol-free bars typically serve non-alcoholic beverages, such as non-alcoholic cocktails known as mocktails, alcohol-free beer or low-alcohol beer, alcohol-free wine, juice, soft drinks and water. Popular temperance drinks include cream soda, dandelion and burdock, sarsaparilla, and Vimto, among others. Various foods may also be served.

## History

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, a number of temperance bars were established in conjunction with various temperance organisations. Originally, these advocated a moderate approach to life, especially concerning the consumption of alcohol. Later they moved toward abstinence from alcohol. Temperance bars with full temperance licenses (allowing them to serve on Sundays despite English trading laws) were once common in many high streets and shopping areas in the North of England. The temperance movement had a massive following, fueled mainly by nonconformist Christian denominations, such as Methodists.

Temperance bars were the first outlet for the drinks Coca-Cola and Vimto in the early 20th century. They were also sometimes called "temperance taverns".

In the past, the bars quite often asked their patrons to sign a pledge of temperance, meaning that they would abstain from intoxicating liquors; today's wave of alcohol-free bars are frequented by both teetotalers and drinkers who wish to have fun in a drink-free environment. The recent popularity of alcohol-free bars is fueled by the declining usage of alcohol amongst the millennial generation, as well as the increased availability of information regarding the negative effects of alcohol on health.

## By country

### Australia

In the 19th century coffee palaces were established as alcohol-free hotels in Australia.

### New Zealand

In 2015 the first alcohol-free bar in New Zealand, located in Auckland and named Tap Bar, went out of business five weeks after opening due to a lack of consumer interest, in which few patrons showed up.

### United Kingdom

Some cities in the United Kingdom have alcohol-free bars and public houses. The popularity of alcohol-free bars has increased in the United Kingdom, and they are "often funded by anti-alcoholism charities."

Fitzpatrick's Herbal Health in Rawtenstall is one of the first and original temperance bars surviving from the late 1800s, when it was established. The Fitzpatricks came to Lancashire from Ireland in the 1880s. A family of many herbalists, they built a family-run chain of shops throughout Lancashire. These shops dealt in their non-alcoholic drinks, sold herbal remedies, and cordial bottles. At their peak, the Fitzpatrick family owned 24 shops, all brewing drinks to the original recipes from Ireland. As new drinks came from America, the temperance bars slowly waned. Fitzpatrick's, supported by loyal customers, survived. The Rawtenstall branch of Fitzpatrick's was run from 1891 until 1980 by family members. It is now run by new owners, with the objective of returning Fitzpatrick's Cordials to the market. Following a brief closure in early 2016, Fitzpatrick's reopened for business on 25 March 2016.

Fitzpatrick's is notable for its old copper hot water dispenser which was originally a fixture at the Astoria Ballroom in Rawtenstall. It has also won an award as the country's "Best Sarsaparilla Brewer", and an award for its dandelion and burdock, a year later.

In 2013, a new temperance bar opened in Rotherham, the Whistle Stop Sweet Shop & Temperance Bar.

An alcohol-free bar named "The Brink" opened in Liverpool in 2011. The Brink is also a drug-free bar, and is run by the charity Action on Addiction with support from the Big Lottery Fund.

An alcohol-free bar named Redemption is located at the base of the Trellick Tower in North Kensington, London, England. It originated as a pop-up restaurant, and opened as a permanent establishment in July 2015. Redemption also serves vegan food that is locally sourced, and its menu is based upon providing nutritional foods and beverages. Its owners have stated that it is a "sober and cruelty-free bar." Redemption also utilizes a zero waste policy. The Netil House is another alcohol-free bar located in London.

Sobar in Nottingham is an alcohol-free bar operated by a charity, Double Impact, which works with both alcohol and drug addiction. It received funding from the Big Lottery Fund and employs people who have been addicts.

An alcohol-free bar named Universe exists in Coventry, England near Coventry University.

#### Scotland

A temporary bar named DRY was active in Edinburgh in early 2017. More recently, the Black Axe Throwing Company operated an alcohol-free bar in 2023 until November of that year.

### United States

The Other Side is an alcohol-free bar located in Crystal Lake, Illinois, a Chicago suburb, that strives to provide a place that is "exactly like a bar" for recovering alcoholics.

Getaway is an alcohol-free bar in Greenpoint, a neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York that opened in April 2019 and serves alcohol-free mixed drinks, shrubs, sodas, and teas.

Listen Bar is an alcohol-free bar in New York open one night every month. All their bartenders are musicians, including special guests Savoir Adore and Sir Babygirl. They have risen to popularity following favorable reviews in Refinery29, VICE and features on the Today Show, Good Morning America and more.

Awake is an alcohol-free bar in Denver, Colorado. It has been featured in Good Morning America, Forbes, AP, Sunset, and the Denver Post.

Temperance bars serve a variety of non-alcoholic mixed drinks, including:

## Further reading


title: Pyropteron mannii

abstract: Pyropteron mannii is a moth of the family Sesiidae. It is found in north-western Turkey and the coast of Bulgaria nearest the Black Sea. The larvae feed on Geranium rotundifolium.

text:
# Pyropteron mannii

***Pyropteron mannii*** is a moth of the family Sesiidae. It is found in north-western Turkey and the coast of Bulgaria nearest the Black Sea.

The larvae feed on *Geranium rotundifolium*.

## InfoBox

| *Pyropteron mannii* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Sesiidae |
| Genus: | *Pyropteron* |
| Subgenus: | *Synansphecia* |
| Species: | ***P. mannii*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pyropteron mannii***<br>(Lederer, 1853) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Sesia mannii* Lederer, 1853 * *Synansphecia mannii* | |


title: William Farmiloe

abstract: William Thomas Farmiloe was Archdeacon of Sudbury from 1921 until 1930. Farmiloe was educated at Queens' College, Cambridge and Ely Theological College. He was ordained in 1887 and served curacies at St Mary's, Barnes and St James's, Piccadilly. He was Vicar of St Peter, Great Windmill Street, Piccadilly from 1894 to 1905; of St Augustine, Victoria Park, London from 1905 to 1909; and of Nayland, Suffolk from 1909 to 1914. He was Canon Missioner of the Diocese of St Edmundsbury and Ipswich from 1914 to 1930; and Chaplain of All Saints, Rome from 1930 to 1933. Farmiloe married his wife, the children's book writer and illustrator Edith Farmiloe, in 1891.

text:
# William Farmiloe

**William Thomas Farmiloe** (15 September 1863 – 4 July 1946) was Archdeacon of Sudbury from 1921 until 1930.

Farmiloe was educated at Queens' College, Cambridge and Ely Theological College. He was ordained in 1887 and served curacies at St Mary's, Barnes and St James's, Piccadilly. He was Vicar of St Peter, Great Windmill Street, Piccadilly from 1894 to 1905; of St Augustine, Victoria Park, London from 1905 to 1909; and of Nayland, Suffolk from 1909 to 1914. He was Canon Missioner of the Diocese of St Edmundsbury and Ipswich from 1914 to 1930; and Chaplain of All Saints, Rome from 1930 to 1933.

Farmiloe married his wife, the children's book writer and illustrator Edith Farmiloe, in 1891.


title: Wharton County Leader-Journal

abstract: Wharton County Leader-Journal is a semi-daily newspaper published on Wednesday and Saturday based in El Campo, Texas. It is owned by Hartman Newspapers, L.P. The newspaper offers subscriptions to a digital edition in PDF format.

text:
# Wharton County Leader-Journal

***Wharton County Leader-Journal*** is a semi-daily newspaper published on Wednesday and Saturday based in El Campo, Texas. It is owned by Hartman Newspapers, L.P. The newspaper offers subscriptions to a digital edition in PDF format.

## History

The history of the newspaper dates to A. Foote and his brother, Dr. Stephen A. Foote, early relatives of Wharton's Pulitzer Prize-winning playwright Horton Foote.

They began publishing the *Wharton Spectator* on Nov. 2, 1889, beginning one branch of the modern-day *Journal-Spectator* family tree. The Shannon family — brothers F.W., Hal and Emmett — bought it in 1910.

In March 1935, Harvey and Hildred Evans launched a rival, the *Wharton Journal*, which was bought in 1958 by Marlow Preston. The competition ended when the Shannons sold Preston the *Spectator* in 1967.

The *Spectator* published Sundays, the Journal Wednesdays. It first published twice a week under the same name, *Wharton Journal-Spectator,* on Sunday, May 12, 1974.

In 1977, Preston sold the *Journal-Spectator* to River Publishers, Inc., owned by Fred Barbee of El Campo and his partner A. Richard Elam. Barbee served as publisher of the newspaper until his death in October 2007, at which time son Chris was named publisher.

A brand-new newspaper for a brand-new city was the impetus for starting the *East Bernard Express* in August 2003. When the Wharton County community decided to call an incorporation election, the staff of the *Wharton Journal-Spectator* decided to launch a new newspaper under the guidance of Editor and General Manager Larry Jackson.

Approximately a year later, River Publishers bought the *East Bernard Tribune* and merged the newspapers into one weekly publication.

Bill Wallace was named editor and publisher of the *Wharton Journal-Spectator* when it was sold in May 2009, along with the *East Bernard Express* to Wharton County Newspapers, Inc.

Several family members and employees of Rosenberg-based Hartman Newspapers, L.P. publish a group of 11 small daily and semiweekly newspapers in Texas, including Rosenberg, Rockport, Port Lavaca, Katy and Alvin.

In March 2024, the *Wharton Journal-Spectator* and the *El Campo Leader-News* were merged to form the *Wharton County Leader-Journal.*

## InfoBox

Wharton County Leader-Journal
| Wharton Journal-Spectator front page | |
| --- | --- |
| Type | Semiweekly Newspaper |
| Format | Broadsheet |
| Owner(s) | Hartman Newspapers, L.P. |
| Publisher | Bill Wallace |
| Editor | Joe Southern |
| Founded | 1889 |
| Language | English |
| Headquarters | 203 East Jackson Street, El Campo, Texas  United States |
| Circulation | 2,108 (as of 2023) |
| Website | wcleaderjournal.com |


title: Shapit (1982 film)

abstract: Shapit is a Marathi-language film was released on 30 December 1982. It is produced by Madhukar Rupji, Sudha Chitale, Vinay Newalkar under the banner of Troyka Films Combine and directed by Rajdutt & Arvind Deshpande. The film won President's silver medal for Best Feature Film in Marathi at the National Film Awards.

text:
# Shapit (1982 film)

***Shapit*** is a Marathi-language film was released on 30 December 1982. It is produced by Madhukar Rupji, Sudha Chitale, Vinay Newalkar under the banner of Troyka Films Combine and directed by Rajdutt & Arvind Deshpande. The film won President's silver medal for Best Feature Film in Marathi at the National Film Awards.

## Plot

Shapit is a movie that talks about how some people have lots of money and power while others don't have much at all. It shows how the rich often treat the poor and people from lower castes unfairly, making their lives harder. In the movie, we see how these differences in social status and money affect everyday life. It's a reminder that the world isn't always fair, and some people have more opportunities just because they were born into wealth or a higher caste. The movie shines a light on these inequalities and makes us think about how we can make things more equal for everyone.

## Cast

* Madhu Kambikar as Bijli
* Yashwant Dutt as Bali
* Nilu Phule as Rangya; Bijli's father
* Kuldeep Pawar as Raosaheb Inamdar
* Shahaji Kale as Shrimant Inamdar; Raosaheb's Father
* Meena Naik as Raosaheb's wife
* Suhas Bhalekar as Sarja
* Suhas Mastakar as Birja
* Ashutosh Gowariker
* Mangala Sansgiri
* Vanamali Nivaskar

## Soundtrack

The music has been directed by Sudhir Phadke and all lyrics were written by Sudhir Moghe.

### Track listing

## Awards

30th National Film Awards Maharashtra State Film Awards Filmfare Awards Marathi

## InfoBox

| Shapit | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | Rajdutt
Arvind Deshpande |
| Screenplay by | G.R. Kamat |
| Story by | Snehal Dasnurkar |
| Produced by | Madhukar Rupji
Sudha Chitale
Vinay Newalkar |
| Starring | Madhu Kambikar
Kuldeep Pawar
Nilu Phule
Yashwant Dutt |
| Music by | Sudhir Phadke |
| Release date | * 30 December 1982 (1982-12-30) |
| Country | India |
| Language | Marathi |


title: Tuorla Observatory

abstract: Tuorla Observatory is the Department of Astronomy at the University of Turku, southwest Finland. It is the largest astronomical research institute in Finland. Together with the Space Research Laboratory at the Physics Department of the University of Turku, it forms the Väisälä Institute of Space Physics and Astronomy (VISPA).

text:
# Tuorla Observatory

**Tuorla Observatory** is the Department of Astronomy at the University of Turku, southwest Finland. It is the largest astronomical research institute in Finland. Together with the Space Research Laboratory at the Physics Department of the University of Turku, it forms the Väisälä Institute of Space Physics and Astronomy (VISPA).

## History

Tuorla Observatory was established on April 29, 1952 by professor Yrjö Väisälä. A new observatory was needed because the old Iso-Heikkilä Observatory close to the centre of Turku started suffering from heavy light pollution from the nearby city and especially the industrial areas to the south of the observatory. A new place was found in Tuorla, which is one of the small villages in (former) Piikkiö municipality. It is located about 12 kilometres from Turku towards Helsinki.

The first part of the observatory contained a main building and a 51 meter long tunnel for optical research. Due to the growing size of the department, new parts to it have been built in 1989 and 2002. Starting in 1974, the observatory was part of the Physics Department until 1991 when it became again an independent research institute of the university. In 2009 the observatory merged again with the physics department, and it is now one of the seven laboratories of the Department of Physics and Astronomy at University of Turku.

The observatory has several telescopes located around its main buildings and also uses international telescopes like the Nordic Optical Telescope. The one meter Dall-Kirkham reflector is the largest optical telescope in Finland.

Since October 2008, the Tuorla Planetarium has been operating next to the observatory.

## Research areas

The main area of research in Tuorla is active galactic nuclei; about half of the researchers are working on the topic. Other areas are dark matter, cosmology, astrodynamics, binary stars, solar neighborhood, solar physics and astrobiology. The optical laboratory (Opteon) produces high quality optics for telescopes. In particular, the main mirror of the ESA spacecraft Herschel Space Observatory was ground and polished at Tuorla.

## InfoBox

Tuorla Observatory
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Organization | University of Turku |
| Observatory code | 63 |
| Location | Piikkiö, Finland |
| Coordinates | 60°24′57″N 22°26′36″E / 60.41583°N 22.44333°E / 60.41583; 22.44333 |
| Altitude | 60.6 metres (199 ft) |
| Established | 1952 (1952) |
| Website | http://www.astro.utu.fi/ |
| Telescopes | |
| unnamed 1.0 meter reflector  unnamed 2.0 meter solar radio telescope  unnamed 0.7 meter Schmidt telescope  unnamed 0.6 meter reflector | |
| Location of Tuorla Observatory | |
| \[edit on Wikidata\] | |


title: Tunbridge, Illinois

abstract: Tunbridge is an unincorporated community in DeWitt County, Illinois, United States. Tunbridge is 2 miles (3.2 km) northeast of Kenney.

text:
# Tunbridge, Illinois

**Tunbridge** is an unincorporated community in DeWitt County, Illinois, United States. Tunbridge is 2 miles (3.2 km) northeast of Kenney.

## InfoBox

| Tunbridge, Illinois | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| Tunbridge, IllinoisTunbridge, Illinois | |
| Coordinates: 40°06′49″N 89°02′55″W / 40.11361°N 89.04861°W / 40.11361; -89.04861 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Illinois |
| County | DeWitt |
| Elevation | 633 ft (193 m) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| Area code | 217 |
| GNIS feature ID | 423257 |


title: Turama River

abstract: The Turama River is a river of Papua New Guinea. Approximately 10 miles wide at the mouth, with a total length of 302 km (188 mi), it narrows rapidly. This, combined with its location at the head of the Gulf of Papua, results in tidal bores sweeping up the river. The effects are noticeable as far as 100 km upstream.

text:
# Turama River

The **Turama River** is a river of Papua New Guinea. Approximately 10 miles (16 km) wide at the mouth, with a total length of 302 km (188 mi), it narrows rapidly. This, combined with its location at the head of the Gulf of Papua, results in tidal bores sweeping up the river. The effects are noticeable as far as 100 km upstream.

## InfoBox

| Turama River | |
| --- | --- |
| Turama River (location) | |
| Location | |
| Country | Papua New Guinea |
| Region | Southern Highlands, Gulf |
| Physical characteristics | |
|  | |
| Source | Mount Bosavi |
| location | Papua New Guinea |
| coordinates | 7°40′S 143°50′E / 7.667°S 143.833°E / -7.667; 143.833 |
| elevation | 1,000 m (3,300 ft) |
|  | |
| Mouth |  |
| location | Gulf of Papua, Papua New Guinea |
| Length | 302 km (188 mi) |
| Basin size | 6,740 km2 (2,600 sq mi) |
|  | |
| Discharge |  |
| average | 960 m3/s (34,000 cu ft/s) |
|  | |


title: Turkey men's national handball team

abstract: The Turkey national handball team is the national handball team of Turkey and is controlled by the Turkey Handball Federation.

text:
# Turkey men's national handball team

Turkey men's national handball team
| Medal record | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Mediterranean Games | | |
|  | 2013 Mersin | Team |
| IHF Emerging Nations Championship | | |
|  | 2017 Veliko Tarnovo | Team |

The **Turkey national handball team** is the national handball team of Turkey and is controlled by the Turkey Handball Federation.

## IHF Emerging Nations Championship record

## Carpathian Trophy (men's handball)

1. 2002: 1
2. 2004: 5
3. 2005: 4
4. 2006: 2
5. 2012: 3
6. 2021: 2

## Handball at the 2021 Islamic Solidarity Games

1. 2nd

## InfoBox

| Turkey | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Information | |
| Association | Turkey Handball Federation (THF) |
| Coach | Daniel Gordo |
| Captain | Ramazan Döne |
| Colours | |
|  | |
| Last updated on Unknown. | |


title: Tylomelania celebicola

abstract: Tylomelania celebicola is a species of freshwater snail with an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Pachychilidae. This species was originally described as a subspecies. The specific name celebicola is derived from the Celebes, a former name of Sulawesi, where this species occurs.

text:
# Tylomelania celebicola

***Tylomelania celebicola*** is a species of freshwater snail with an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Pachychilidae.

This species was originally described as a subspecies. The specific name *celebicola* is derived from the Celebes, a former name of Sulawesi, where this species occurs.

## Distribution

This species occurs in central Sulawesi, Indonesia.

## Ecology

*Tylomelania celebicola* is a riverine species.

## InfoBox

| *Tylomelania celebicola* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| An apertural view of a shell of *Tylomelania celebicola*. | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Family: | Pachychilidae |
| Genus: | *Tylomelania* |
| Species: | ***T. celebicola*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Tylomelania celebicola***
(Sarasin & Sarasin, 1898) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Melania asperata* var. *celebicola* Sarasin & Sarasin, 1898
*Brotia asperata celebicola* (Sarasin & Sarasin, 1898) | |


title: Tylomelania gemmifera

abstract: Tylomelania gemmifera is a species of freshwater snail with an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Pachychilidae.

text:
# Tylomelania gemmifera

***Tylomelania gemmifera*** is a species of freshwater snail with an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Pachychilidae.

## Distribution

This species occurs in Malili lakes, Sulawesi, Indonesia. It occurs in one lake; the type locality is Lake Matano.

## Description

The shell has 9-10 whorls.

The width of the shell is 13.5 millimetres (0.53 in). The height of the shell is 46.5 millimetres (1.83 in). The width of the aperture is 8 millimetres (0.31 in). The height of the aperture is 10.5 millimetres (0.41 in).

* von Rintelen T. & Glaubrecht M. (2005). "Anatomy of an adaptive radiation: a unique reproductive strategy in the endemic freshwater gastropod *Tylomelania* (Cerithioidea: Pachychilidae) on Sulawesi, Indonesia and its biogeographical implications." *Biological Journal of the Linnean Society* **85**: 513–542. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2005.00515.x.

## InfoBox

| *Tylomelania gemmifera* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Family: | Pachychilidae |
| Genus: | *Tylomelania* |
| Species: | ***T. gemmifera*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Tylomelania gemmifera***<br>(Sarasin & Sarasin, 1897) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Melania gemmifera* Sarasin & Sarasin, 1897 | |


title: Tyge Filseth

abstract: Tyge Krabbe Filseth was a Norwegian marketing agent, known for co-founding two research institutions related to advertising. He was a son of Johan Filseth, the 1894 founder and editor-in-chief of newspaper Gudbrandsdølen. His brother Kaare Filseth was the editor-in-chief of Ringerikes Blad from 1938 to his death in 1944. His sister Tove Filseth was a journalist, and was married to Silesian Jewish writer Max Tau from May 1944 to his death in 1976 and physician Haakon Natvig from 1988 to her death in 1994. His wife's uncle was Nikolai Astrup. He graduated from Copenhagen Business School in 1934, and worked in the advertising agencies Fabritius and B.A.B. before being hired at the newly established Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration in 1936. From 1938 to 1940 he chaired the Institute of Sale and Advertising there. In 1958 he co-founded the Institute of Marketing. It was modelled on the English Institute of Practitioners in Advertising, and owned by the Norwegian Association of Advertising Agencies. The institute was incorporated into the Norwegian School of Marketing in 1989, which was in turn affiliated with the Norwegian School of Management from 1992. Filseth was married to Henninge Astrup and had three sons. He died in September 2002 in Oslo.

text:
# Tyge Filseth

**Tyge Krabbe Filseth** (1913  2 September 2002) was a Norwegian marketing agent, known for co-founding two research institutions related to advertising.

He was a son of Johan Filseth, the 1894 founder and editor-in-chief of newspaper *Gudbrandsdølen*. His brother Kaare Filseth was the editor-in-chief of *Ringerikes Blad* from 1938 to his death in 1944. His sister Tove Filseth was a journalist, and was married to Silesian Jewish writer Max Tau from May 1944 to his death in 1976 and physician Haakon Natvig from 1988 to her death in 1994. His wife's uncle was Nikolai Astrup.

He graduated from Copenhagen Business School in 1934, and worked in the advertising agencies Fabritius and B.A.B. before being hired at the newly established Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration in 1936. From 1938 to 1940 he chaired the Institute of Sale and Advertising there. In 1958 he co-founded the Institute of Marketing (*Institutt for Markedsføring*). It was modelled on the English Institute of Practitioners in Advertising, and owned by the Norwegian Association of Advertising Agencies. The institute was incorporated into the Norwegian School of Marketing (*Norges Markedshøyskole*) in 1989, which was in turn affiliated with the Norwegian School of Management from 1992.

Filseth was married to Henninge Astrup and had three sons (Per, Frode and Kåre). He died in September 2002 in Oslo.


title: Tyler City Hall

abstract: The Tyler City Hall at 212 N. Bonner Ave. in Tyler, Texas was built in 1938. It was designed by architect T. Shirley Simons, Sr. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007. The listing included one contributing building and one contributing site on 1.3 acres (0.53 ha). Construction of the building was financed by Depression-era PWA and/or WPA programs. Simons had been hired in 1936 by the City of Tyler "to provide architectural services for publics works projects." Other similar works by Simon were the Mother Frances Hospital and the new Tyler U.S. Post Office and Courthouse. It has been termed "a good local rendering of Art Deco styling".

text:
# Tyler City Hall

The **Tyler City Hall** at 212 N. Bonner Ave. in Tyler, Texas was built in 1938. It was designed by architect T. Shirley Simons, Sr. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007. The listing included one contributing building and one contributing site on 1.3 acres (0.53 ha).

Construction of the building was financed by Depression-era PWA and/or WPA programs. Simons had been hired in 1936 by the City of Tyler "to provide architectural services for publics works projects." Other similar works by Simon were the Mother Frances Hospital and the new Tyler U.S. Post Office and Courthouse. It has been termed "a good local rendering of Art Deco styling".

Media related to Tyler City Hall at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Tyler City Hall | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| City Hall in 2014 | |
| Tyler City HallTyler City Hall | |
| Location | 212 N. Bonner Ave.,<br>Tyler, Texas |
| Coordinates | 32°21′7″N 95°18′21″W / 32.35194°N 95.30583°W / 32.35194; -95.30583 |
| Area | 1.3 acres (0.53 ha) |
| Built | 1938 (1938) |
| Built by | A.M. Campbell & Co. |
| Architect | Shirley Simons |
| Architectural style | Classical Revival |
| MPS | Tyler, Texas MPS |
| NRHP reference No. | 07000129 |
| Added to NRHP | March 7, 2007 |


title: Turquoise-crowned hummingbird

abstract: The turquoise-crowned hummingbird or Doubleday's hummingbird is a species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is endemic to Mexico.

text:
# Turquoise-crowned hummingbird

The **turquoise-crowned hummingbird** or **Doubleday's hummingbird** (***Cynanthus doubledayi***) is a species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is endemic to Mexico.

## Taxonomy and systematics

The International Ornithological Committee (IOC), the Clements taxonomy, and BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World consider the turquoise-crowned hummingbird to be a species. The turquoise-crowned hummingbird is monotypic: no subspecies are recognised.

## Description

The Cornell Lab of Ornithology's Birds of the World does not describe the turquoise-crowned hummingbird separately from the broad-billed hummingbird. The following is a Google translation of the original description's French:

"Male adult: straight beak, dilated at its base, white, and black at its extremity; round head; green cap, very brilliante has azure reflections; neck, scapular, back, cover caudal fin glossy dark green; throat, front and sides of the neck, ėpi-gastre covered with shiny bright blue scaly feathers, abdomen less blue and green on the sides; downy anal region White; slightly curved grey-black wings; cordate \[notched\] tail with wide and rounded rectrices, black-blue, the 4 middle ones ashy at their ends; bare black legs."

The Birds of the World account of the broad-billed hummingbird includes that the male turquoise-crowned hummingbird weighs about 2.4 g (0.085 oz).

## Distribution and habitat

The turquoise-crowned hummingbird is found in the southern Mexican states of Guerrero, Oaxaca, and Chiapas. It inhabits a variety of landscapes including arid thorn, tropical deciduous, gallery, and secondary forests. It occasionally occurs in pine-oak woodlands and grassy slopes. In elevation it generally ranges from sea level to 2,200 m (7,200 ft) but occurs as high as 3,000 m (9,800 ft).

## Behavior

### Movement

The turquoise-crowned hummingbird is a year-round resident throughout its range.

### Food and feeding

The diet of the turquoise-crowned hummingbird is not separately described from that of the broad-billed hummingbird. In general, and like most hummingbirds, that species feeds on a wide variety of flowering plants and also small arthropods. The turquoise-crowned hummingbird is described as trap-lining for nectar in gallery forest.

### Breeding

The turquoise-crowned hummingbird appears to nest throughout the year; its peak season is unknown. Other information on its breeding phenology is not separated in the Birds of the World account.

### Vocalization

The turquoise-crowned hummingbird's vocalizations have not been separately described from those of the broad-billed hummingbird. That species' song, sung only by males, "\[b\]egins with short chip note, then a series of similar notes ranging in frequency from 2 to 13 kHz."

## Status

The IUCN has assessed the turquoise-crowned hummingbird as being of Least Concern. Though its population size is not known it is believed to be stable. No specific threats have been identified. "Resident populations of broad-billed hummingbird in Mexico might...be impacted by habitat loss, but this has not been studied."

## InfoBox

| Turquoise-crowned hummingbird | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| CITES Appendix II (CITES) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| *Clade*: | Strisores |
| Order: | Apodiformes |
| Family: | Trochilidae |
| Genus: | *Cynanthus* |
| Species: | ***C. doubledayi*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Cynanthus doubledayi***
(Bourcier, 1847) | |
|
|  | |


title: Turquoise-winged parrotlet

abstract: The turquoise-winged parrotlet is a species of parrot in the family Pscittacidae.

text:
# Turquoise-winged parrotlet

The **turquoise-winged parrotlet** (***Forpus spengeli***) is a species of parrot in the family Pscittacidae.

## Description

Turquoise-winged parrotlets are typically 12 centimetres (4.7 in) long and weigh about 28 grams (0.99 oz). Their bodies are mostly yellow-green; eyes are dark brown and legs and beak are light peach. Turquoise-winged parrotlets are sexually dimorphic: males have bright turquoise feathers on their lower backs and rumps, and have purple-blue underwing coverts and axillaries. Females have no blue markings, but their foreheads and faces are brighter yellow-green than males'. Like all parrots, turquoise-winged parrotlets exhibit zygodactyly: two toes face forward and two toes face backward.

## Distribution and habitat

Turquoise-winged parrotlets are found in northern Colombia from the Caribbean coastal region southwest of the Santa Marta Mountains, Atlantico, and south along the Rio Magdalena in Bolívar and Cesar.

Turquoise-winged parrotlets are most often found in drier, open or riparian woodlands, cerrado, caatinga, savanna, palm groves, semi-arid scrubland, and pastures.

## Conservation

There is not an estimate for the number of turquoise-winged parrotlets, but it is believed that their population is decreasing because of increased human interference and habitat destruction. Turquoise-winged parrotlets are listed as Least Concern by the IUCN Red List.

## Behavior and ecology

### Social

Turquoise-winged parrotlets are highly gregarious and are often found in flocks of up to 50 birds.

### Reproduction

The turquoise-winged parrotlet's breeding season is May to August. Females lay 3-7 small white eggs.

### Diet

Turquoise-winged parrotlets mostly feed on *Cecropia sp.* fruits, *Mikania sp.* and *Trema micrantha* seeds, and *Ambrosia sp.* and *Marcgravia sp.* flowers. They are also known to occasionally feed on other plants such as grass.

## Taxonomy

Until recently, the turquoise-winged parrotlet was considered a subspecies of the cobalt-rumped parrotlet as *Forpus xanthopterygius spengeli*. However, in 2015 Bocalini and Silveira studied morphological differences between subspecies of cobalt-rumped parrotlets and determined that the turquoise-winged parrotlet was its own species, *F. spengeli*. This split was supported by Donegan *et al.* in 2016. There is continuing debate over the validity of this change. Some taxonomic authorities (including the American Ornithological Society) do not recognize this change in classification.

## InfoBox

| Turquoise-winged parrotlet | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Illustration of a turquoise-winged parrotlet (*Forpus spengeli*) (top) and green-rumped parrotlet (*Forpus passerinus*) (bottom) | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Psittaciformes |
| Family: | Psittacidae |
| Genus: | *Forpus* |
| Species: | ***F. spengeli*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Forpus spengeli***
(Hartlaub, 1885) | |
|
|  | |
| Synonyms | |
| * *Forpus xanthopterygius spengeli* | |


title: Tyler Technologies

abstract: Tyler Technologies, Inc., based in Plano, Texas, is a provider of software to the United States public sector. Tyler Technologies has offices in 17 states and one in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

text:
# Tyler Technologies

**Tyler Technologies, Inc.**, based in Plano, Texas, is a provider of software to the United States public sector. Tyler Technologies has offices in 17 states and one in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

## History

Tyler Technologies was founded by Joseph F. McKinney in 1966 as Saturn Industries after buying three government companies from Ling-Temco-Vought. In 1968, the company acquired Tyler Pipe, a manufacturer of iron pipes, which eventually became the company's main source of annual revenue. Tyler Pipe was later renamed Tyler Corporation as a result of its success. In 1969, Saturn Industries was listed on the New York Stock Exchange. In 1970, the company changed its name to Tyler Corporation. Tyler Corporation entered the government software market in 1998. Tyler Corporation changed its name to Tyler Technologies in 1999.

### Acquisitions

Since 1998, the company has acquired:

## Products

The company's public sector software includes eight categories: appraisal and tax software and services, integrated software for courts and justice agencies, data and insights services, enterprise financial software systems, planning/regulatory/maintenance software, public safety software, records/document management software, and transportation software for schools.

## Controversies

In 2014 people in Marion County, Indiana sued claiming they had been wrongfully jailed. In 2016 public defenders in Alameda County, California found dozens of people wrongfully arrested or wrongfully jailed after switching to Tyler’s Odyssey Case Manager software. An October 2021 report from Lubbock County, Texas, cited problems with Tyler Technologies software there as well as in numerous other jurisdictions. In 2021 a $4.9 million federal class action lawsuit was being settled with the county paying $2.45 million and Tyler $816,668. In December 2020 the District Clerk of Wichita Falls, Texas, said they were still experiencing problems they had had since they implemented Tyler Technologies Odyssey Case Manager in July 2019, almost 1.5 years earlier. In December 2021, everythingLubbock.com reported that four months after Lubbock County, Texas, switched their court records to Tyler Technologies software, a trial attorney said, “The rollout of this Tyler system has been an absolute debacle".

In November 2016 Washington County, Pennsylvania, paid Tyler Technologies $1.6 million over their original contract amount of $6.96 million, including paying Tyler Technologies personnel to testify as expert witnesses in county court responding to property owners' complaints.

In 2021 Tyler Technologies paid $3 million to settle a federal class action lawsuit claiming that it had required some employees to work overtime and had not paid them for that time.

* Official website
* Business data for Tyler Technologies, Inc.:

## InfoBox

Tyler Technologies, Inc.
|
|  |
| Company type | Public company |
| Traded as |  |
| Industry | Software |
| Founded | 1966 (1966) |
| Founder | Joseph F. McKinney |
| Headquarters | Plano, Texas, U.S. |
| Number of locations | 26 |
| Area served | USA
Canada |
| Key people | John S. Marr Jr., Executive Chairman of the Board
H Lynn Moore Jr., CEO & President |
| Products | Public sector software |
| Services | Business services & supplies |
| Revenue | US$1.85 billion (2022) |
| Operating income | US$0.214 billion (2022) |
| Net income | US$0.164 billion (2022) |
| Total assets | US$4.687 billion (2022) |
| Total equity | US$2.624 billion (2022) |
| Number of employees | 7200 (2022) |
| Website | tylertech.com |
| **Footnotes / references**
 | |


title: Tylochromis polylepis

abstract: Tylochromis polylepis is a species of cichlid native to Lake Tanganyika and the Lukuga River, where it is found in swampy habitats. This species can reach a length of 43.5 cm (17.1 in). It can be found in the aquarium trade.

text:
# Tylochromis polylepis

***Tylochromis polylepis*** is a species of cichlid native to Lake Tanganyika and the Lukuga River, where it is found in swampy habitats. This species can reach a length of 43.5 cm (17.1 in). It can be found in the aquarium trade.

## InfoBox

| *Tylochromis polylepis* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Cichliformes |
| Family: | Cichlidae |
| Genus: | *Tylochromis* |
| Species: | ***T. polylepis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Tylochromis polylepis***
(Boulenger, 1900) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Pelmatochromis polylepis* Boulenger, 1900 | |


title: Tyniec

abstract: Tyniec is a historic village in Poland on the Vistula river, since 1973 a part of the city of Kraków. Tyniec is notable for its Benedictine abbey founded by King Casimir the Restorer in 1044.

text:
# Tyniec

**Tyniec** is a historic village in Poland on the Vistula river, since 1973 a part of the city of Kraków (currently in the district of Dębniki). Tyniec is notable for its Benedictine abbey founded by King Casimir the Restorer in 1044.

## Etymology

The name of the village comes from a Celtic language word "tyn", which means wall or fence, and which means that the history of Tyniec as a fortified settlement (see gord) dates back to pre-Slavic times.

## Geography

Tyniec lies 12 km (7 mi) southwest of the centre of Kraków, on the right bank of the Vistula, among limestone Jurassic hills, called the Tyniec Hills, with the highest one being Wielogora (also called Guminek), 293 metres (961 feet) above sea level. Furthermore, Tyniec has a Vistula canyon (called Tyniec Gate), a Skolczanka Nature Reserve (est. 1957), and a locally renowned water source, Zrodlo Swietojanskie, the only source of this kind in the city of Kraków. In ancient times the village was located along a merchant trade route from Kraków, via Oświęcim, to Moravia and Bohemia.

## History

The history of human settlement in the area of the village dates back to the paleolithic period. On top of the Gora Klasztorna hill traces of a neolithic settlement were found. It had a ceramics work, there also was a mint, which manufactured silver Celtic coins.

Probably in the early 10th century, Tyniec was settled by the Vistulans, which some time ca. 1000 became part of the early Kingdom of Poland. The village was a royal property, and the decision of King Casimir the Restorer to locate a Benedictine abbey here (ca. 1040) is regarded as one of the most important events in the history of Tyniec. In 1259 the village was destroyed during the Mongol invasion of Poland, by Tatar hordes heading from Kraków towards Silesia. Complete destruction was brought again in the Swedish invasion of Poland. In 1771–1772, during the Bar Confederation, the village was defended by the Polish rebels, fighting the Russians: for example, in the action of 20 May 1771. After the Partitions of Poland, Tyniec, together with the abbey, was annexed by the Habsburg Empire, and remained in the province of Galicia from 1772 until late 1918. In 1816, Austrian authorities closed down the abbey, and the complex gradually began to turn into a ruin.

In the 19th century, Tyniec was a large, yet poor village. Its houses were concentrated in two areas – around the monastery, and along the ancient Kraków – Oświęcim road. Its residents supported themselves by transporting people and goods through the Vistula in their boats and small ferries. In 1973 Tyniec was annexed by the city of Kraków.

## Cyrillo-Methodian monastery

Historically, and prior to the arrival of the Roman Catholics, the monks at Tyniec were part of the Cyrillo-Methodian Christian tradition. The Cyrillo-Methodian monks were succeeded by the Benedictines. The Cyrillo-Methodian tradition had begun in Moravia in the year 862. Brothers, Cyril and Methodius, were missionaries who established Christianity in the vernacular for Moravian Slavs. This practice quickly spread throughout the region and into the areas which are now in Poland. Tyniec monks performed the liturgy and read the psalms and Gospels in the Proto-Slavic tongue derived from this period. In 1096, the Monks of Tyniec were expelled and the Roman Catholic approved Slavonic Rite Mass suppressed. These expulsions coincided with the rule of Polish Duke Władysław I Herman, who attributed the birth of his first boy to the help of the Benedictines of Saint Gilles in southern France to whom he had earlier sent great riches asking for intercession for the birth of a healthy child. The expulsions paralleled events in almost the same year throughout the region, most notably at the Sazava Monastery where the Slavonic Rite Mass was also still in use as in Tyniec. There, the Cyrillo-Methodian Sazawa monks were also expelled and replaced with monks of the Latin rite. These expulsions at Sazawa coincided with the rule of the Duke of Bohemia, Bretislaus II.

## Benedictine abbey

It is not known when exactly the Benedictine abbey was founded. King Casimir the Restorer is speculated to have re-established the Abbey in 1040 during his rebuilding of the newly established Kingdom of Poland, after a Pagan rebellion and a disastrous raid of Duke Bretislaus I (1039).

The Benedictines, invited to Tyniec by King Casimir the Restorer, were tasked with restoring order as well as cementing the position of the State and the Church. The first Tyniec Abbot was Aaron, who became the Bishop of Kraków. Since there is no conclusive evidence to support the foundation date as of 1040, some historians claim that the current abbey was founded by Casimir the Restorer's son, King Boleslaw II the Generous.

In the second half of the 11th century, a complex of Romanesque buildings was completed, consisting of a basilica and the abbey. In the 14th century, it was destroyed in Tatar and Czech raids, and in the 15th century it was rebuilt in Gothic style. Further reconstruction took place in the 17th and 18th centuries, first in Baroque, then in Rococo style. The abbey was partly destroyed in the Swedish invasion of Poland, and soon after it was rebuilt, with a new library. Further destruction took place during the Bar Confederation, when Polish rebels turned the abbey into their fortress.

In 1816, Austrian authorities liquidated the abbey, and in 1821–1826, it was the seat of the Bishop of Tyniec, Gregorius Thomas Ziegler former monk in Tyniec. The monks, however, did not return to the abbey until 1939, and in 1947, remodelling of the neglected complex was initiated. In 1968, the Church of St. Peter and Paul was once again named the seat of the abbot. The church itself consists of a Gothic presbytery and a Baroque main nave. Several altars were created by an 18th-century Italian sculptor Francesco Placidi. The church also has a late Baroque pulpit by Franciszek Jozef Mangoldt.

For more than a century, the abbey had remained unoccupied. Only in the last days of July 1939, a month before the outbreak of World War II, eleven Belgian monks moved into it.

50°00′39″N 19°49′13″E / 50.01083°N 19.82028°E / 50.01083; 19.82028


title: Type 96 15 cm cannon

abstract: The Type 96 15 cm cannon was a siege gun used by the Imperial Japanese Army in the Japanese-Soviet War and during the Pacific War from 1936 to 1945. The designation Type 96 indicates the year of its introduction, Kōki year 2596 or 1936 according to Gregorian calendar.

text:
# Type 96 15 cm cannon

The **Type 96 15 cm cannon** (Japanese: 九六式十五糎加農砲, *Kyūroku-shiki jūgo-senchi Kannohō*) was a siege gun used by the Imperial Japanese Army in the Japanese-Soviet War and during the Pacific War from 1936 to 1945. The designation *Type 96* indicates the year of its introduction, Kōki year 2596 or 1936 according to Gregorian calendar.

## Design

The Type 96 was a built-up gun made from steel with an interrupted-screw breech which fired separate loading cased charge and projectiles. The barrel was trunnioned well to the rear to allow high angles of elevation and the preponderance of the barrel was supported by horizontal equilibrators. The Type 96 also had a hydro-pneumatic recoil system located between the barrel and cradle. All of this was supported on a two-wheeled box trail carriage. The carriage did not have any traverse but instead sat on top of a mobile turntable which could be assembled onsite in 4–5 hours which allowed 180° of traverse.

## History

The Type 96 evolved from the earlier Type 89 15 cm cannon field gun but with a longer barrel and a heavier carriage. Since the Japanese army had few field guns with a range in excess of 20 km (12 mi) the Type 96 was developed as a siege gun. Due to its weight 24.3 t (23.9 long tons; 26.8 short tons) mobility was a concern and this meant that the Type 96 was more often used as a fortress gun instead of a siege gun.

### Pacific War

During the Philippines Campaign in 1942, the US-Philippine forces withdrew first to the Bataan peninsula, then to the island fortress of Corregidor. The Type 96 first saw action on May 4, 1942, when two Type 96 guns participated in the bombardment of Corregidor. The two cannons of the 2nd Independent Heavy Artillery Battalion, along with two Type 89 15 cm guns of the same battalion, fired a total of 3,513 rounds. These guns were engaged mainly in a counter-battery role to neutralize the guns of the fortress. Corregidor later fell on May 6, 1942.

### Japanese-Soviet War

Two Type 96's of the 1st Artillery Battalion of the 4th Border Guard Unit was moved to Manchuria to Kotō Fortress to strengthen the Japanese defense in preparation for a Soviet attack. The Japanese army had eight fortresses built along the border with the Soviet Union, of which the Kotō fortress on the Ussuri River was the strongest. Large-scale fortifications, similar to the Maginot Line, were guarded by the 4th Border Guard Unit. The 1400-strong crew had two batteries of field guns and howitzers, the Type 90 240 mm railway gun, and the Experimental 41-cm Howitzer. When the Red Army attacked the Japanese positions around Kotō fortress in Operation August Storm in August 1945, the crew was annihilated.

## InfoBox

| Type 96 15 cm cannon | |
| --- | --- |
| A Type 96 on its turntable. | |
| Type | Field gun<br>Siege gun |
| Place of origin | Empire of Japan |
| Service history | |
| Used by | Imperial Japanese Army |
| Wars | World War II |
| Production history | |
| Unit cost | 245,000 yen ($65,832 USD) in August 1939 |
| Produced | 1936-1945 |
| No. built | 30 |
| Specifications | |
| Mass | 24.3 t (23.9 long tons; 26.8 short tons) |
| Barrel length | 7.86 m (25 ft 9 in) L/52.7 |
| --- | |
| Shell | Separate loading cased charge and projectile |
| Shell weight | 50 kg (110 lb) |
| Caliber | 149.1 mm (5.87 in) |
| Breech | Interrupted screw |
| Recoil | Hydro-pneumatic |
| Carriage | Box trail |
| Elevation | -7° to +45° |
| Traverse | -/+ 180° |
| Rate of fire | 2 rpm |
| Muzzle velocity | 860 m/s (2,800 ft/s) |
| Maximum firing range | 26.2 km (16.3 mi) |


title: Tyler Davis (tight end)

abstract: Tyler Davis is an American professional football tight end for the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at UConn and Georgia Tech.

text:
# Tyler Davis (tight end)

**Tyler Davis** (born April 2, 1997) is an American professional football tight end for the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at UConn and Georgia Tech.

## College career

Davis began his collegiate career at Connecticut. After his freshman season, he transitioned from quarterback to tight end. During three seasons, Davis made 15 starts and had 47 catches for 500 yards and seven touchdowns. In 2018, he tied for 2nd in single-season history at UConn with six touchdown catches for a tight end, as well as ranking first on the team in touchdown receptions, tenth in the American Athletic Conference among all players, and first among tight ends with 6 in 2018 for the Huskies. He went to Georgia Tech as a graduate transfer in 2019. Davis caught 17 passes for 148 yards and a touchdown in 12 games (11 starts) for the Yellow Jackets.

## Professional career

Pre-draft measurables
| Height | Weight | Arm length | Hand span | 40-yard dash | 10-yard split | 20-yard split | 20-yard shuttle | Three-cone drill | Vertical jump | Broad jump | Bench press |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 6 ft 4+38 in
(1.94 m) | 252 lb
(114 kg) | 32+58 in
(0.83 m) | 10+14 in
(0.26 m) | 4.71 s | 1.64 s | 2.59 s | 4.43 s | 7.19 s | 32.5 in
(0.83 m) | 9 ft 3 in
(2.82 m) | 23 reps |
| All values from Pro Day | | | | | | | | | | | | |

### Jacksonville Jaguars

Davis was selected in the sixth round of the 2020 NFL draft with the 206th overall pick by the Jacksonville Jaguars.

On August 31, 2021, Davis was waived by the Jaguars.

### Indianapolis Colts

On September 3, 2021, Davis was signed to the practice squad of the Indianapolis Colts.

### Green Bay Packers

On September 28, 2021, Davis was signed to the Green Bay Packers active roster off the Colts practice squad.

Davis re-signed with the Packers on March 15, 2023.

During a preseason game against the Cincinnati Bengals on August 11, 2023, Davis suffered a significant knee injury, later reported to be a torn ACL. The Packers placed him on injured reserve on August 21, ending his season.

On March 12, 2024, Davis re-signed with the Packers. He was placed on season ending injured reserve on August 27, 2024.

## NFL career statistics

### Regular season

| Year | Team | Games | | Receiving | | | | | Fumbles | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | G | GS | Rec | Yds | Avg | Lng | TD | FUM | Lost |
| 2020 | JAX | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2021 | GB | 14 | 0 | **4** | 35 | **8.8** | 22 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2022 | GB | **17** | **1** | **4** | **61** | 7.6 | **23** | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | | 39 | 1 | 8 | 61 | 7.6 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Source: pro-football-reference.com | | | | | | | | | | |

### Postseason

| Year | Team | Games | | Receiving | | | | | Fumbles | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | G | GS | Rec | Yds | Avg | Lng | TD | FUM | Lost |
| 2021 | GB | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Total | | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Source: pro-football-reference.com | | | | | | | | | | |

## Personal life

Davis is the son of Steve and Cindy Davis and has two brothers, Bryan and Jake.

## InfoBox

Tyler Davis
| No. 84 – Green Bay Packers | |
| --- | --- |
| Position: | Tight end |
| Personal information | |
| Born: | (1997-04-02) April 2, 1997
North Bellmore, New York, U.S. |
| Height: | 6 ft 4 in (1.93 m) |
| Weight: | 252 lb (114 kg) |
| Career information | |
| High school: | Wellington C. Mepham
(North Bellmore, New York) |
| College: | UConn (2015–2018)
Georgia Tech (2019) |
| NFL draft: | 2020 / round: 6 / pick: 206 |
| Career history | |
|  | |
| * Offseason and/or practice squad member only | |
|  | |
| Roster status: | Injured reserve |
| Career NFL statistics as of 2024 | |
| Receptions: 8  Receiving yards: 61 | |
|  | |
| Player stats at **PFR** | |
|  | |