title: Street Rats

abstract: Street Rats was the eighth studio album by the English rock group Humble Pie, released in 1975. The album went to number 100 on the US Billboard 200 album chart.

text:
# Street Rats

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |

***Street Rats*** was the eighth studio album by the English rock group Humble Pie, released in 1975. The album went to number 100 on the US *Billboard* 200 album chart.

## Background

*Street Rats* was created at the same time as Steve Marriott was producing a solo album, and a collaboration album with Greg Ridley. He was not keen on producing another Humble Pie album, and did not want to tour the U.S. again, as they had been touring solidly for the past four years.

While on the road, everything they wanted was paid for, but once they got back to England four years and 21 tours later there was no money in the bank. Understandably, they were loath to tour and promote another album. Marriott: "We'd been on tour for about four years, and we were just very tired". But A&M as well as manager Dee Anthony were able to insist that Humble Pie were contracted to do another tour, and to do so without another album would have been an unwise move by the band.

In early 1975, the record company, tired of waiting for the new album, "confiscated" material from Marriott's Clear Sounds Studio, but much of the material was not meant for Humble Pie, it was for a solo album and for his on-going project with Ridley. To make the best of a bad situation, A&M brought in Andrew Loog Oldham to mix and cut up the tracks and make them heavier, much to the disgust of Marriott. The title *Street Rats* was also thought up by A&M. Not surprisingly the band were never happy with the album, with Ridley saying: "It was terrible". Clem Clempson elaborated on this. "The mixes were done by someone outside the band, \[Oldham\], and when we heard it we were horrified". Marriott (1975): "'Street Rats' was a track with me, Ian Wallace and Tim Hinkley playing piano. It was nothing to do with Humble Pie…. Somebody stole the 16-track mix \[ \] It was intended as the title track for my album".

The album has different mixes for the US version. The UK version also has the track "Funky to the Bone" in place of "There 'Tis," Marriott stated in an interview that the song had nothing to do with Humble Pie. "It was just musicians up in my studio!"

Five of the albums' eleven songs are covers; "Rain", "We Can Work it Out" and "Drive My Car" from The Beatles; "Rock and Roll Music" by Chuck Berry and "Let Me Be Your Lovemaker" by Reid/Clark/Wright and originally recorded by R&B artist Betty Wright in 1973. There are two songs written by Marriott, "Street Rats" and "Road Hog". The remaining three are collaborations between the various band members.

The album was produced by Loog Oldham and Marriott; it was recorded in Olympic Studios and Marriott's Clean Sounds studio at his home in Essex, England.

The last word on the album by Ridley: "Humble Pie were better than that, but we were not really consulted."

After the release of this album and their farewell tour, Humble Pie disbanded, citing musical differences. Marriott went on to produce his first solo album *Marriott* and promptly moved back to the UK.

## Track listing

1. "Street Rat" (Steve Marriott) - 2:52 (Lead Vocal: Steve) (Drums: Ian Wallace)
2. "Rock and Roll Music" (Chuck Berry) - 2:55 (Lead Vocal: Greg)
3. "We Can Work It Out" (John Lennon, Paul McCartney) - 3:18 (Lead Vocal: Steve)
4. "Scored Out" (Clem Clempson, Marriott) - 2:43 (Lead Vocal: Steve)
5. "Road Hog" (Marriott) - 3:08 (Lead Vocal: Steve)
6. "Rain" (Lennon, McCartney) - 5:58 (Lead Vocals: Steve and Greg)
7. "There 'Tis" (Marriott, Clempson) - 3:06 (Lead Vocal: Steve)
8. "Let Me Be Your Lovemaker" (Clarence Reid, Willie Clarke, Betty Wright) - 5:57 (Lead Vocal: Greg)
9. "Countryman Stomp" (Greg Ridley, Clempson, Tim Hinkley) - 2:20 (Lead Vocal: Greg)
10. "Drive My Car" (Lennon, McCartney) - 3:43 (Lead Vocal: Greg)
11. "Queens and Nuns" (Clempson, Marriott, Ridley, Jerry Shirley) - 3:04 (Lead Vocal: Steve)

### 2010 & 2016 Japanese reissue

Track 1 to 11 are Original UK mix

1. "Street Rat" (Steve Marriott) - 2:52 (Lead Vocal: Steve) (Drums: Ian Wallace)
2. "Rock and Roll Music" (Chuck Berry) - 2:55 (Lead Vocal: Greg)
3. "We Can Work It Out" (John Lennon, Paul McCartney) - 3:18 (Lead Vocal: Steve)
4. "Scored Out" (Clem Clempson, Marriott) - 2:43 (Lead Vocal: Steve)
5. "Road Hog" (Marriott) - 3:08 (Lead Vocal: Steve)
6. "Rain" (Lennon, McCartney) - 5:58 (Lead Vocals: Steve and Greg)
7. "Funky To The Bone" (Fred Gowdy, Larry Wilkins) - 3:07
8. "Let Me Be Your Lovemaker" (Clarence Reid, Willie Clarke, Betty Wright) - 5:57 (Lead Vocal: Greg)
9. "Countryman Stomp" (Greg Ridley, Clempson, Tim Hinkley) - 2:20 (Lead Vocal: Greg)
10. "Drive My Car" (Lennon, McCartney) - 3:43 (Lead Vocal: Greg)
11. "Queens and Nuns" (Clempson, Marriott, Ridley, Jerry Shirley) - 3:04 (Lead Vocal: Steve)
12. "Big Black Dog" (Humble Pie) – 4:05 (bonus track for CD release)
13. "Mister Ring" (G. Ridley) – 4:24 (bonus track for CD release)
14. "The Outcrowd" (G. Ridley) – 2:51 (bonus track for CD release)
15. "I Don't Need No Doctor (Nick Ashford, Valerie Simpson, Jo Armstead) (Single Version From Performance Rockin' the Fillmore" – 3:58 (bonus track for CD release)

## Personnel

**Humble Pie**

**Additional personnel**

## Charts

| Chart (1975) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Canada Top Albums/CDs (*RPM*) | 98 |
| US *Billboard* 200 | 100 |

## Tour

| Date | City | Country | Venue |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 15 February 1975 | New York City | United States | Academy Of Music |
| 17 February 1975 | Detroit | | Cobo Arena |
| 19 February 1975 | Atlanta | | Municipal Auditorium |
| 21 February 1975 | Pittsburgh | | Civic Arena |
| 22 February 1975 | Boston | | Orpheum Theatre |
| 24 February 1975 | Chicago | | International Amphitheatre |
| 25 February 1975 | Madison | | Dane County Coliseum |
| 26 February 1975 | St Louis | | Kiel Auditorium |
| 28 February 1975 | New Orleans | | The Warehouse |
| 1 March 1975 | | |
| 5 March 1975 | Fresno | | Selland Arena |
| 7 March 1975 | San Francisco | | Winterland Arena |
| 8 March 1975 | | |
| 9 March 1975 | Sacramento | | Sacramento Convention Centre |
| 12 March 1975 | Charleston | | Charleston Civic Centre |
| 13 March 1975 | Louisville | | Louisville Gardens |
| 14 March 1975 | Salem | | Salem-Roanoke Valley Civic Centre |
| 15 March 1975 | Philadelphia | | The Spectrum |
| 16 March 1975 | Columbus | | Veterans Memorial Auditorium |
| 17 March 1975 | Buffalo | | Kleinhans Music Hall |
| 19 March 1975 | Dallas | | Municipal Auditorium |
| 20 March 1975 | Baton Rouge | | Independence Hall |
| 21 March 1975 | San Antonio | | Municipal Auditorium |
| 22 March 1975 | Houston | | Sam Houston Coliseum |
| 23 March 1975 | Tulsa | | Tulsa Fairgrounds Pavilion |

## InfoBox

| Street Rats | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Humble Pie | |
| Released | February 1975 |
| Recorded | January 1975 |
| Studio | Olympic Studios, London and Marriott's Clear Sounds Studio Essex |
| Genre | Blues rock, hard rock |
| Label | A&M |
| Producer | Andrew Loog Oldham, Steve Marriott |
| Humble Pie chronology | |
| *Thunderbox*
(1974) ***Street Rats***
(1975) *On to Victory*
(1980) | |
|  | |
| Steve Marriott chronology | |
| *Thunderbox*
(1974) ***Street Rats***
(1975) *Marriott*
(1976) | |
|  | |


title: Nowa Wieś

abstract: Nowa Wieś is a very common place name in Poland. It may refer to:

text:
# Nowa Wieś

**Nowa Wieś** (meaning "new village") is a very common place name in Poland. It may refer to:

## In Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland)

## In Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-central Poland)

## In Lesser Poland Voivodeship (south Poland)

## In Łódź Voivodeship (central Poland)

## In Lower Silesian Voivodeship (south-west Poland)

## In Lublin Voivodeship (east Poland)

## In Lubusz Voivodeship (west Poland)

## In Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)

## In Podlaskie Voivodeship (north-east Poland)

## In Silesian Voivodeship (south Poland)

## In Subcarpathian Voivodeship (south-east Poland)

## In Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship (south-central Poland)

## In Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship (north Poland)

## In West Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-west Poland)


title: Topklasse (cricket)

abstract: The Topklasse is the highest domestic 50-over cricket competition in the Netherlands. Until 2016 the league featured 8 teams playing in a double round-robin format, followed by relegation and championship play-offs. From 2017 the league reverted to a simple ten-team double round-robin format. The dominant club in terms of league titles has been HCC. Based in The Hague the club was formed in 1878 and won the first Dutch title in 1884. As of 2023, the club has won 49 Topklasse titles, most recently in 2022. The club was so dominant in Dutch cricket in the years after World War I that its Second XI was allowed to play in the top division and won the title five times between 1928 and 1935 - as well as sharing the title with the HCC First XI in 1926. The current champions as of the 2024 edition are Punjab-Ghausia.

text:
# Topklasse (cricket)

The **Topklasse** (known until 2010 as the **Hoofdklasse**) is the highest domestic 50-over cricket competition in the Netherlands.

Until 2016 the league featured 8 teams playing in a double round-robin format, followed by relegation and championship play-offs. From 2017 the league reverted to a simple ten-team double round-robin format.

The dominant club in terms of league titles has been HCC (Hague Cricket Club). Based in The Hague the club was formed in 1878 and won the first Dutch title in 1884. As of 2023, the club has won 49 Topklasse titles, most recently in 2022. The club was so dominant in Dutch cricket in the years after World War I that its Second XI was allowed to play in the top division and won the title five times between 1928 and 1935 - as well as sharing the title with the HCC First XI in 1926.

The current champions as of the 2024 edition are Punjab-Ghausia.

## Previous champions

* 1884 - HCC
* 1885 - HCC
* 1886 - HCC
* 1887 - USV Hercules
* 1888 - HC & FV Olympia
* 1889 - GC & FC Olympia
* 1890 - Rood en Wit
* 1891 - Amstel’s CC
* 1892 - Rood en Wit
* 1893 - Rood en Wit
* 1894 - Rood en Wit
* 1895 - HCC
* 1896 - Amstel’s CC
* 1897 - Ajax (L)
* 1898 - Rood en Wit
* 1899 - HCC
* 1900 - Rood en Wit
* 1901 - HCC
* 1902 - Rood en Wit
* 1903 - HCC
* 1904 - Volharding
* 1905 - Amstel’s CC
* 1906 - HCC
* 1907 - Rood en Wit
* 1908 - Volharding
* 1909 - Amstel’s CC
* 1910 - Rood en Wit
* 1911 - Rood en Wit
* 1912 - HCC
* 1913 - Rood en Wit
* 1914 - *unfinished*
* 1915 - Rood en Wit
* 1916 - HCC
* 1917 - HCC
* 1918 - Prisoners of War A
* 1919 - HCC
* 1920 - HCC
* 1921 - HCC
* 1922 - HCC
* 1923 - HCC
* 1924 - VRA
* 1925 - HCC
* 1926 - HCC I en HCC II
* 1927 - HCC
* 1928 - HCC II
* 1929 - HCC II
* 1930 - HCC II
* 1931 - HCC
* 1932 - HCC II & VOC
* 1933 - HCC
* 1934 - HCC
* 1935 - HCC II
* 1936 - HCC
* 1937 - VRA
* 1938 - Hermes DVS
* 1939 - PW
* 1940 - ACC (north), HCC (south)
* 1941 - HCC
* 1942 - ACC
* 1943 - ACC
* 1944 - VVV
* 1945 - *no competition*
* 1946 - Hermes DVS
* 1947 - HCC
* 1948 - ACC
* 1949 - ACC
* 1950 - ACC
* 1951 - ACC
* 1952 - HCC II
* 1953 - ACC
* 1954 - ACC
* 1955 - HCC II
* 1956 - HCC
* 1957 - HCC
* 1958 - HCC
* 1959 - HCC
* 1960 - HCC
* 1961 - HCC II
* 1962 - Rood en Wit
* 1963 - HCC
* 1964 - HCC
* 1965 - Quick (H) & VOC
* 1966 - HCC
* 1967 - HCC
* 1968 - HCC
* 1969 - HBS & Rood en Wit
* 1970 - Quick (H)
* 1971 - Rood en Wit
* 1972 - HCC
* 1973 - HCC II
* 1974 - VOC
* 1975 - VOC
* 1976 - HCC
* 1977 - VOC
* 1978 - HBS
* 1979 - HBS
* 1980 - HBS
* 1981 - VRA
* 1982 - VOC
* 1983 - VOC
* 1984 - VOC
* 1985 - HCC
* 1986 - Quick (H)
* 1987 - VOC
* 1988 - Kampong
* 1989 - Kampong
* 1990 - Kon. UD
* 1991 - Excelsior '20
* 1992 - Kampong
* 1993 - Excelsior '20
* 1994 - VOC
* 1995 - Excelsior '20
* 1996 - Excelsior '20
* 1997 - Excelsior '20
* 1998 - VRA
* 1999 - VRA
* 2000 - Excelsior '20
* 2001 - VRA
* 2002 - VCC
* 2003 - VRA
* 2004 - Excelsior '20
* 2005 - VRA
* 2006 - VRA
* 2007 - VRA
* 2008 - HCC
* 2009 - Excelsior '20
* 2010 - VRA
* 2011 - VRA
* 2012 - Excelsior '20
* 2013 - Quick (H)
* 2014 - Quick (H)
* 2015 - Dosti United CC
* 2016 - Excelsior '20
* 2017 - Excelsior '20
* 2018 - VOC
* 2019 - Excelsior '20
* 2020 - HCC
* 2021 - Punjab CCR
* 2022 - HCC
* 2023 - VCC
* 2021 - Punjab-Ghausia

## Championship titles

| Club | Number of titles |
| --- | --- |
| HCC | 49 |
| Rood en Wit | 15 |
| VRA, Excelsior'20 | 12 |
| VOC | 11 |
| ACC | 9 |
| Quick (H) | 5 |
| HBS | 4 |
| Kampong | 3 |
| Hermes DVS, VCC, Punjab-Ghausia | 2 |
| PW, VVV, Kon. UD, Dosti-United | 1 |

1. Excelsior'20 prolongeert titel, kncb.nl, 22 aug 2017
2. , rijnmond.nl, 18 aug 2019
3. "Punjab Rotterdam's bowlers clinch Topklasse title". Emerging Cricket. Retrieved 12 September 2021.
4. "Punjab pull off a sensational victory". TKcricket. Retrieved 15 September 2024.

## InfoBox

Topklasse
| Administrator | Koninklijke Nederlandse Cricket Bond |
| --- | --- |
| Format | Limited overs cricket |
| Number of teams | 10 |
| Current champion | Punjab-Ghausia |
| Most runs | Tim de Leede (11,939) |
| Most wickets | Tim de Leede (476) |


title: Mark Lasoff

abstract: Mark Lasoff is a visual effects artist. He won at the 70th Academy Awards for the film Titanic, he shared his win with Thomas L. Fisher, Michael Kanfer, and Robert Legato. This was in the category of Best Visual Effects.

text:
# Mark Lasoff

**Mark Lasoff** is a visual effects artist.

He won at the 70th Academy Awards for the film *Titanic*, he shared his win with Thomas L. Fisher, Michael Kanfer, and Robert Legato. This was in the category of Best Visual Effects.

## Selected filmography

## InfoBox

| Mark Lasoff | |
| --- | --- |
| Other names | Mark A. Lasoff |
| Occupation | Visual effects artist |
| Years active | 1990-present |


title: Tuffy Stone

abstract: George "Tuffy" Stone is an American chef and competitor on the competitive barbecue circuit. He has appeared on the Destination America reality television show BBQ Pitmasters. He runs the team "Cool Smoke". His nickname is "The Professor".

text:
# Tuffy Stone

**George "Tuffy" Stone** (born 1962/1963) is an American chef and competitor on the competitive barbecue circuit. He has appeared on the Destination America reality television show *BBQ Pitmasters*. He runs the team "Cool Smoke". His nickname is "The Professor".

## Early life

Stone was born in 1962 or 1963 and named George after his father. His mother nicknamed him "Tuffy" at the age of two. He attended an all boys prep school and afterwards considered attending East Carolina University on a running scholarship, but instead joined the United States Marine Corps for four years. He worked primarily in aviation engineering on McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornets. After leaving the Marines, he attended Virginia Commonwealth University.

## Culinary career

Stone began his culinary career while working under Alain Vincey in 1987 at Vincey's restaurant La Maisonette in Richmond, Virginia. He left the restaurant in 1991, and in November 1993 he started his own catering company alongside his wife, called "A Sharper Palate". He founded his barbecue team "Cool Smoke" in 2004, and cooks alongside his father George. He describes himself as a traditional wood burner, and tends to use hickory wood in his smoking. Stone and his team compete on the competitive barbecue circuit. He owns a Virginian-based local chain barbecue restaurant called "Q Barbeque".

He was the Grand Champion of the 2006 Albertsville competition, which was organized by the Kansas City Barbecue Society. In 2010, he was named Grand Champion of the Maryland State BBQ Championship. The same year, he appeared on TLC's *BBQ Pitmasters*. He became a judge on the show in season three, when the show was moved to the Destination America cable channel. He joined Myron Mixon who returned from judging on season two, having previously appeared with Stone in season one, with the pair being joined by Aaron Franklin. Stone served as a judge at the Kingsford Invitational where the winners of eight major barbecue competitions were invited to compete for a grand prize of $50,000. The event was won by Johnny Trigg. Tuffy's team Cool Smoke won the 2013 Jack Daniel's Invitational BBQ competition in Lynchburg, TN on October 26, 2013. Cool Smoke won the 35th Annual American Royal World Series of Barbecue Open on October 5, 2014. Tuffy's team Cool Smoke won the 2015 Jack Daniel's Invitational BBQ competition in Lynchburg, TN for the second time on October 24, 2015, and became the first team to repeat as Grand Champion at the event the following year in October 2016.

Stone competed on a team in *BBQ Brawl: Flay v. Symon*, a Food Network show premiering August 1, 2019.

## Personal life

Stone and his wife Leslie have a son named Sam. Tuffy and Leslie met when they both worked at the Strawberry Street Cafe in Richmond, Virginia. He is nicknamed "The Professor".

## InfoBox

| Tuffy Stone | |
| --- | --- |
| Stone at the 2018 Texas Book Festival | |
| Born | George Stone<br>1962 or 1963 (age 60–61) |
| Spouse | Leslie Stone |
| **Culinary career** | |
| Cooking style | Barbecue |
| Television show(s) * | |
| Award(s) won * + Multi-time Grand Champion | |
|  | |
| Website | www.tuffystone.com |


title: Tufillo

abstract: Tufillo is a comune and town in the Province of Chieti in the Abruzzo region of Italy. It has a population of approximately 508.

text:
# Tufillo

**Tufillo** (Abruzzese: **Tufìlle**, **Tufùlle**) is a *comune* and town in the Province of Chieti in the Abruzzo region of Italy. It has a population of approximately 508.

## InfoBox

| Tufillo | |
| --- | --- |
| *Comune* | |
| Comune di Tufillo | |
| Location of Tufillo | |
| TufilloLocation of Tufillo in ItalyTufilloTufillo (Abruzzo) | |
| Coordinates: 41°55′N 14°37′E / 41.917°N 14.617°E / 41.917; 14.617 | |
| Country | Italy |
| Region | Abruzzo |
| Province | Chieti (CH) |
| *Frazioni* | Celenza sul Trigno, Dogliola, Mafalda (CB), Montemitro (CB), Palmoli, San Felice del Molise (CB) |
| Area | |
| Total | 21 km2 (8 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 578 m (1,896 ft) |
| Population (1 January 2007) | |
| Total | 508 |
| Density | 24/km2 (63/sq mi) |
| Demonym | Tufillesi |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 66050 |
| Dialing code | 0873 |
| ISTAT code | 069097 |
| Patron saint | San Vito Santa Giusta |
| Saint day | 15 June |


title: Tuffé

abstract: Tuffé is a former commune in the Sarthe department in the region of Pays de la Loire in north-western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Tuffé-Val-de-la-Chéronne. The grammarian and lexicographer Pierre-Roland-François Butet (1769–1825) was born in Tuffé.

text:
# Tuffé

**Tuffé** is a former commune in the Sarthe department in the region of Pays de la Loire in north-western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Tuffé-Val-de-la-Chéronne.

The grammarian and lexicographer Pierre-Roland-François Butet (1769–1825) was born in Tuffé.

## InfoBox

| Tuffé | |
| --- | --- |
| Part of Tuffé-Val-de-la-Chéronne | |
|  | |
| Location of Tuffé | |
| TufféTuffé | |
| Coordinates: 48°06′51″N 0°30′55″E / 48.1142°N 0.5153°E / 48.1142; 0.5153 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Pays de la Loire |
| Department | Sarthe |
| Arrondissement | Mamers |
| Canton | La Ferté-Bernard |
| Commune | Tuffé-Val-de-la-Chéronne |
| Area**1** | 24.66 km2 (9.52 sq mi) |
| Population (2019) | 1,531 |
| Density | 62/km2 (160/sq mi) |
| Demonym(s) | Tufféen, Tufféenne |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 72160 |
| Elevation | 68–150 m (223–492 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Tshumbe Airport

abstract: Tshumbe Airport is an airport serving the city of Tshumbe in Sankuru Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo. The runway is just southwest of the town.

text:
# Tshumbe Airport

**Tshumbe Airport** (ICAO: **FZVJ**) is an airport serving the city of Tshumbe in Sankuru Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo. The runway is just southwest of the town.

## InfoBox

| Tshumbe Airport | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Summary | |
| Airport type | Public |
| Serves | Tshumbe |
| Elevation AMSL | 1,804 ft / 550 m |
| Coordinates | 4°02′20″S 24°22′00″E / 4.03889°S 24.36667°E / -4.03889; 24.36667 |
| Map | |
| **FZVJ**Location of the airport in<br>Democratic Republic of the Congo | |
| Runways | |
| Direction Length Surface  m ft  09/27 1,910 6,266 Gravel | |
| Sources: GCM Google Maps | |


title: Meerbeck

abstract: Meerbeck is a municipality in the district of Schaumburg, in Lower Saxony, Germany.

text:
# Meerbeck

**Meerbeck** is a municipality in the district of Schaumburg, in Lower Saxony, Germany.

## InfoBox

| Meerbeck | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Location of Meerbeck within Schaumburg district | |
| Meerbeck Meerbeck | |
| Coordinates: 52°20′28″N 9°9′0″E / 52.34111°N 9.15000°E / 52.34111; 9.15000 | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Lower Saxony |
| District | Schaumburg |
| Municipal assoc. | Niedernwöhren |
| Subdivisions | 3 |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Klaus Tanski (SPD) |
| Area | |
| Total | 13.09 km2 (5.05 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 65 m (213 ft) |
| Population (2022-12-31) | |
| Total | 1,875 |
| Density | 140/km2 (370/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal codes | 31715 |
| Dialling codes | 05721 |
| Vehicle registration | SHG |
| Website | www.meerbeck.de |


title: Tell Me How Long the Train's Been Gone

abstract: Tell Me How Long the Train's Been Gone is James Baldwin's fourth novel, first published in 1968.

text:
# Tell Me How Long the Train's Been Gone

***Tell Me How Long the Train's Been Gone*** is James Baldwin's fourth novel, first published in 1968.

## Plot

Leo Proudhammer, an African-American actor who grew up in Harlem and later moved into Greenwich Village, has a heart attack while on stage. This event creates the present tense setting for the novel, which is mostly narrated in retrospect, explaining each relationship with a story from the actor's life.

Barbara, a white woman, and Leo, a black man, are artistic partners for lifesometimes sexual partners, sometimes not. Jerry, their white friend, was Barbara's partner for a while before Barbara revealed her love for Leo. Their life stories are intertwined, but not joined, both because of the racial pressures of society and Leo's bisexuality. One of Leo's lovers, "Black Christopher", is a significant political and emotional figure in the novel. Christopher's friends are all African-American, and his life centers on the struggle for racial justice. Barbara and Christopher have one sexual encounter, but, like much of the sex in the book, it is exploratory and only significant for what it reveals to each of them.

Barbara, Leo, and Christopher remain friends throughout the novel. Caleb, Leo's brother, a World War II vet, was falsely imprisoned when he was a young man, and eventually conquers his anger at white society through his conversion to fundamentalist Christianity. He judges Leo harshly for choosing "the world" over "the kingdom of God". Caleb's religion painfully isolates him from Leo. Black Christopher, the foil for Caleb, advocates violent revolution as the means for creating a just society. Leo recovers from his heart attack and returns to the stage at the end of the novel.

## Characters

* **Leo Proudhammer**, the protagonist, is an actor who grew up in Harlem.
* **Leo's father**
* **Caleb**, Leo's brother.
* **Barbara**, a white girl from Kentucky.
* **Jerry**, a white man of Italian extraction.
* **Christopher**, a young African-American activist.

## Major themes

## Literary significance and criticism

Upon its publication, *Tell Me How Long the Train's Been Gone* received largely negative reviews. White male critics, such as Mario Puzo, tended to suggest that Baldwin's politics had compromised its literary merits. Puzo's review for *The New York Times*, called the book "simpleminded" and argued that a "propaganda novel" cannot be called art. The "absolute inadequacy and overall misguided nature of this initial response" has been discussed by Lynn O. Scott, who wrote that this contemporary critical reception reflected white Americans' decreasing sympathy with the Civil Rights movement during the late 1960s in the face of increasing militancy and assertions of Black Power, with which Baldwin was associated.

Scott contends that the novel has been unjustly dismissed, alongside Baldwin's other later novels *If Beale Street Could Talk* and *Just Above My Head*, as less interesting and complex than Baldwin's earlier works. However, she argues that these novels build upon, revise, and refocus his previous considerations of racial and sexual identity in America by "exploring the sources of personal and cultural resistance to the pressures of a deforming context" rather than "mapping the experience of internalized racism and homophobia".

More recently, Omari Weekes has described *Tell Me How Long the Train's Been Gone* as "criminally underread", noting how the novel's descriptions of "the loneliness of being Black in a white room" and Leo Proudhammer's attempts to navigate being perceived as "too young, gifted and Black" continue to resonate strongly in the twenty-first century.

## InfoBox

Tell Me How Long the Train's Been Gone
| First edition | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | James Baldwin |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Dial |
| Publication date | 1968 |
| Publication place | United States |


title: Thomas Hinton

abstract: Sir Thomas Hinton III was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons twice between 1621 and 1625. Hinton was of Wiltshire. He matriculated at Queen's College, Oxford on 15 October 1591, aged 17. He was probably knighted on 1 July 1619. In 1621, he was elected Member of Parliament for Downton. He was elected MP for Ludgershall in 1625.

text:
# Thomas Hinton

**Sir Thomas Hinton III** (c. 1574 – 1 February 1635) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons twice between 1621 and 1625.

Hinton was of Wiltshire. He matriculated at Queen's College, Oxford on 15 October 1591, aged 17. He was probably knighted on 1 July 1619. In 1621, he was elected Member of Parliament for Downton. He was elected MP for Ludgershall in 1625.


title: Telnet Erotika

abstract: Telnet Erotika is an extended play by electronic artist Vektroid released in November 2010.

text:
# Telnet Erotika

| Telnet Complete | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Vektroid | |
| Released | April 13, 2017 (2017-04-13) |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 48:49 |
| Producer | Ramona Andra Xavier |
| Vektroid chronology | |
| *Eden*
(2016) ***Telnet Complete***
(2017) *Nextcentury*
(2017) | |

***Telnet Erotika*** is an extended play by electronic artist Vektroid released in November 2010.

## Inspiration

The EP is dedicated to Oneohtrix Point Never, Vektroid's inspiration for making the EP, with a remix of her own song "Nobody Here" appearing here (which was itself sampled from Chris de Burgh's 1986 single "The Lady in Red"). Music videos for the tracks "Virgin Pegasus", "Surfin GeoCities" and "Video Update" were uploaded to her YouTube account. Vektroid re-released the EP as *Telnet Complete* on April 13, 2017, adding 12 new tracks and an edited version of the first track in the original EP. This version is on her Bandcamp page.

## Legacy

Due to Vektroid's use of samples taken from the 1980s and 1990s, the EP is considered to be an early example of the vaporwave genre. On the original Bandcamp page for release, Vektroid described the EP as "ms-dos wave," her own take on the chillwave genre.

## Track listing

Telnet Erotika
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Motions Feel" | 8:00 |
| 2. | "Virgin Pegasus" | 2:40 |
| 3. | "Surfin Geocities" | 3:34 |
| 4. | "Nobody Here" | 5:24 |
| 5. | "Video Update" | 3:34 |

Telnet Complete
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "At Dusk" | 2:20 |
| 2. | "Motions Feel (Edit)" | 5:21 |
| 3. | "Virgin Pegasus" | 2:40 |
| 4. | "Hydrofauna Nights" | 3:40 |
| 5. | "Steelcherry" | 1:31 |
| 6. | "Saudade After The Dream" | 4:01 |
| 7. | "Hoshiningen" | 1:56 |
| 8. | "I Love My New Shears" | 1:20 |
| 9. | "Yet Again (Inside The Jam)" | 2:08 |
| 10. | "Surfin Geocities" | 3:35 |
| 11. | "Nobody Here" | 5:24 |
| 12. | "Video Update" | 3:34 |
| 13. | "1 Proud Tadpole" | 1:10 |
| 14. | "Don't Stop" | 3:12 |
| 15. | "Rokkaku Holy Love" | 3:29 |
| 16. | "No More Light" | 1:48 |
| 17. | "Say It" | 1:40 |

## InfoBox

| Telnet Erotika | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| EP by Vektroid | |
| Released | November 22, 2010 (2010-11-22) |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 23:12 (original release) 48:49 (reissue) |
| Label | PrismCorp |
| Producer | Ramona Andra Xavier |
| Vektroid chronology | |
| *Night Signals II*
(2010) ***Telnet Erotika***
(2010) *Polytravellers*
(2011) | |


title: Nowa TV

abstract: Nowa TV is a Polish television channel, launched on November 9, 2016. On December 4, 2017, Polsat announced that it had bought 34 percent shares of TV Spektrum, which is the broadcaster of Fokus TV and Nowa TV.

text:
# Nowa TV

**Nowa TV** is a Polish television channel, launched on November 9, 2016.

On December 4, 2017, Polsat announced that it had bought 34 percent shares of TV Spektrum, which is the broadcaster of Fokus TV and Nowa TV.

## Programming

Nowa TV is a general channel, therefore the programming schedule comprises various programs - movies, series, documentaries, entertainment, news and current affairs.

### News/current affairs

* *24 godziny* (24 hours) - news programme broadcast daily at 18:30, hosted by Beata Tadla, Joanna Dunikowska, Marek Czyż and Jarosław Kulczycki
* *Więc jak?* (So how?) - talk-show, hosted by Sławomir Jastrzębowski, editor-in-chief of *Super Express*

### Series

## InfoBox

Nowa TV
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Country | Poland |
| Broadcast area | Poland |
| Headquarters | Warsaw, Poland |
| Programming | |
| Language(s) | Polish |
| Picture format | 16:9 576i (SDTV)
1080i (HDTV) |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | ZPR Media Group
Grupa Polsat Plus |
| Sister channels | Fokus TV |
| History | |
| Launched | 9 November 2016 (2016-11-09) |
| Links | |
| Website | www.nowa.tv |
| Availability | |
|  | |
| Terrestrial | |
| Polish Digital | MUX 8 - Channel 40 (SD) |
| Streaming media | |
| nowa.tv |  |
|  | |


title: Shades of Grey (Delilah song)

abstract: "Shades of Grey" is a single recorded by British singer Delilah. The song was released as a digital download single on 18 December 2011 in the United Kingdom as the fifth single from her debut album, From the Roots Up. The song was written and produced by Paloma Ayana and Reginald Perry.

text:
# Shades of Grey (Delilah song)

"**Shades of Grey**" is a single recorded by British singer Delilah. The song was released as a digital download single on 18 December 2011 in the United Kingdom as the fifth single from her debut album, *From the Roots Up*. The song was written and produced by Paloma Ayana and Reginald Perry.

## Music video

A music video to accompany the release of "Shades of Grey" was first released onto YouTube on 20 August 2012 at a total length of four minutes. As of October 2016, the video has received over 1.47 million views.

## Track listing

Album version
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Shades of Grey" | 3:53 |

UK Digital download
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Shades of Grey" (MJ Cole Remix) | 5:45 |
| 2. | "Shades of Grey" (MJ Cole Dub) | 5:32 |
| 3. | "Shades of Grey" (SpectraSoul Remix) | 5:24 |
| 4. | "Shades of Grey" (SpectraSoul Remix Instrumental) | 5:24 |

## Chart performance

| Chart (2012) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| UK Singles (Official Charts Company) | 119 |
|

## Release history

| Country | Release date | Format | Label |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| United Kingdom | 14 September 2012 | Digital download | Warner Music |
|

## InfoBox

| "Shades of Grey" | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by Delilah | |
| from the album  *From the Roots Up* | |
| Released | 14 September 2012 |
| Recorded | 2011 |
| Genre | Neo soul, ambient, trip hop, R&B |
| Length | 3:53 |
| Label | Warner Music |
| Songwriter(s) | Paloma Ayana, Reginald Perry |
| Producer(s) | Ayana, Syience (additional production: Balistiq) |
| Delilah singles chronology | |
| "Inside My Love"
(2012) "**Shades of Grey**"
(2012) "Never Be Another"
(2012) | |


title: Mark Mayer

abstract: Mark Lee Mayer is scientist emeritus at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). His research investigates glutamate receptor ion channels, the major mediators of excitatory synapses in the brain. He has made numerous observations that have changed our view of receptor function and neurotransmission in the brain. Major findings include discovery of the block of NMDA receptors by extracellular Mg and their high Ca permeability; analysis of the permeation and block of Ca permeable AMPA and kainate receptors by cytoplasmic polyamines; and structural studies on ligand binding, allosteric modulation, and gating using X-ray diffraction and cryoelectron microscopy.

text:
# Mark Mayer

**Mark Lee Mayer** FRS is scientist emeritus at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). His research investigates glutamate receptor ion channels, the major mediators of excitatory synapses in the brain. He has made numerous observations that have changed our view of receptor function and neurotransmission in the brain. Major findings include discovery of the block of NMDA receptors by extracellular Mg and their high Ca permeability; analysis of the permeation and block of Ca permeable AMPA and kainate receptors by cytoplasmic polyamines; and structural studies on ligand binding, allosteric modulation, and gating using X-ray diffraction and cryoelectron microscopy.

## Education

Mayer was educated at the University of Bristol, graduating with a BSc 1st class Hons in Pharmacology in 1977, and the University of London where he was awarded a PhD in Neuropharmacology in 1980. He did postdoctoral training in biophysics at the NIH, and spent a year at Columbia University New York training in structural biology with Eric Gouaux.

## Career and research

Mayer's research interests are in Biophysics, Glutamate receptors, Structural biology and Ion channels.

### Awards and honours

Mayer was awarded a Harkness Fellowship in 1980, a Beit Memorial Fellowship in 1982, and the Society for Neuroscience young investigator award in 1979. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 2019 for "substantial contribution to the improvement of natural knowledge".

## InfoBox

| Mark MayerFRS | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | Mark Lee Mayer |
| Alma mater | University of Bristol (BSc)
University of London (PhD) |
| Awards | Harkness Fellowship |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Biophysics
Ion channels
Structural biology
Glutamate receptors |
| Institutions | National Institutes of Health |
| Thesis | *Inhibitory synaptic mechanisms and transmitter candidates in the rostral hypothalamus of the rat* (1980) |
|  | |
| Website | irp.nih.gov/pi/mark-mayer |


title: Meerbeke

abstract: Meerbeke is a village in the Denderstreek in the province of East Flanders in Belgium. Administratively it is part of the municipality of Ninove. This rural community is located along the Dender River on the western border of what is known as "Pajottenland". With a total surface of 1056ha it is the second largest village in Ninove. With 5.888 inhabitants it's the most populated village in Ninove, next to the centre of Ninove itself. It is perhaps most known as the arrival location for the Flemish cycling race the Tour of Flanders (1973-2011). Meerbeke used to be an independent municipality until 1977 when it was merged into Ninove.

text:
# Meerbeke

**Meerbeke** is a village in the Denderstreek in the province of East Flanders in Belgium. Administratively it is part of the municipality of Ninove. This rural community is located along the Dender River on the western border of what is known as "Pajottenland". With a total surface of 1056ha it is the second largest village in Ninove (behind Denderwindeke). With 5.888 inhabitants (in 2021) it's the most populated village in Ninove, next to the centre of Ninove itself.

It is perhaps most known as the arrival location for the Flemish cycling race the Tour of Flanders (1973-2011). Meerbeke used to be an independent municipality until 1977 when it was merged into Ninove.

## InfoBox

| Meerbeke | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Church of Saint Peter at Meerbeeke, Belgium | |
| MeerbekeLocation in Belgium | |
| Coordinates: 50°49′28″N 4°02′25″E / 50.82444°N 4.04028°E / 50.82444; 4.04028 | |
| Country | Belgium |
| Region | Flemish Region |
| Province | East Flanders |
| Arrondissement | Aalst |
| Municipality | Ninove |
| Area | |
| Total | 10.56 km2 (4.08 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | |
| Total | 5,888 |
| Density | 560/km2 (1,400/sq mi) |
| Time zone | CET |


title: Tully Filmus

abstract: Tully Filmus was an American realist painter.

text:
# Tully Filmus

**Tully Filmus** (1903 - 1998) was an American realist painter.

## Early life

He was born Naftuli (Anatol) Filmus in Ataki, Bessarabia, in 1903. In 1913, his parents Michael and Eva Filmus moved the family to Philadelphia.

## Career

From 1924 to 1927, he studied at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts under Henry McCarter. In 1930, he moved to New York, where he took a job with a small art agency where he became friends with Anton Refregier and Willem de Kooning. In 1936, he joined American artists in contributing painting to Biro-Bidjan Museum in the U.S.S.R. In 1937, he exhibited at the American Artists Congress and joined the faculty of the American Artists School. In 1938, he also joined the faculty of the Cooper Union School of Art. He has exhibited in the Whitney Museum Annual and the American Artists Congress. One of his paintings was acquired by the permanent collection of New York University. Other museums that have shown his work include the Art Institute of Chicago, City Art Museum of St. Louis, the Brooklyn Museum, and the Berkshire Museum.

## Personal life

He and his wife Gladys owned a summer home in Becket, Massachusetts, where they became friends with the painter Fay Kleinman. She later invited them to help launch the Becket Arts Center.


title: Temporal plasticity

abstract: Temporal plasticity, also known as fine-grained environmental adaptation, is a type of phenotypic plasticity that involves the phenotypic change of organisms in response to changes in the environment over time. Animals can respond to short-term environmental changes with physiological (reversible) and behavioral changes; plants, which are sedentary, respond to short-term environmental changes with both physiological and developmental (non-reversible) changes. Temporal plasticity takes place over a time scale of minutes, days, or seasons, and in environments that are both variable and predictable within the lifespan of an individual. Temporal plasticity is considered adaptive if the phenotypic response results in increased fitness.  Non-reversible phenotypic changes can be observed in metameric organisms such as plants that depend on the environmental condition(s) each metamer was developed under. Under some circumstances early exposure to specific stressors can affect how an individual plant is capable of responding to future environmental changes (Metaplasticity).

text:
# Temporal plasticity

**Temporal plasticity**, also known as fine-grained environmental adaptation, is a type of phenotypic plasticity that involves the phenotypic change of organisms in response to changes in the environment over time. Animals can respond to short-term environmental changes with physiological (reversible) and behavioral changes; plants, which are sedentary, respond to short-term environmental changes with both physiological and developmental (non-reversible) changes.

Temporal plasticity takes place over a time scale of minutes, days, or seasons, and in environments that are both variable and predictable within the lifespan of an individual. Temporal plasticity is considered adaptive if the phenotypic response results in increased fitness. Non-reversible phenotypic changes can be observed in metameric organisms such as plants that depend on the environmental condition(s) each metamer was developed under. Under some circumstances early exposure to specific stressors can affect how an individual plant is capable of responding to future environmental changes (Metaplasticity).

## Reversible plasticity

A reversible change is defined as one that is expressed in response to an environmental stressor but returns to a normal state after the stress is no longer present. Reversible changes are more likely to be adaptive for an organism when the stress driving the change is temporary and the organism is likely to be exposed to it again within its lifetime. Reversible plasticity often involves changes in physiology or behavior. Perennial plants, which often experience recurring stresses in their environment due to lack of mobility, benefit greatly from reversible physiological plasticity such as changes in resource uptake and allocation. When essential nutrients are low, root and leaf resorption rates can increase, persisting at a high rate until there are more nutrients available in the soil and resorption rates can return to their normal state.

## Irreversible plasticity

Irreversible changes are described as changes that remain expressed in an organism after the environmental stress has ceased. Environmental shifts that drive irreversible plasticity in an organism tend to be less rapidly changing, such as gradually increasing temperatures. This often leads to permanent changes in morphology or in the developmental process of an organism (developmental plasticity). Plants are highly plastic and tend to express many irreversible developmental changes, such as shifts in timing of bud and flower development. In animals, many organisms benefit from having multiple persisting morphs in a population that arise during development in response to environmental conditions. For example, freshwater snails will form more spherical shells when in the presence of a predator (bluegill sunfish) and conical shells when predators are absent. These shell shapes are permanent and cannot be reverted, even if the predator status of the snail's environment changes.

## Examples

Morphologically and developmentally plastic traits can be reversible in some cases, and there are some physiological responses which can be irreversible, which differs from the typical trend. One example of developmental plasticity that is reversible is the shift in mouth form of roundworm, *Pristionchus pacificus,* when exposed to a changes in food type and availability. A second example of reversible developmental plasticity is the length of Galapagos marine iguanas, *Amblyrhynchus cristatus,* in response to El Niño weather conditions. During El Niño seasons, the algal food supply decreases, but increases during La Niña seasons. This change in food availability coincides with the changes in iguana size during the season.

A unique and complex example of plasticity is camouflage, an adaption that allows animals to avoid predators by hiding in plain sight. The mechanisms behind camouflage are not the same in all species - they can be morphological, physiological, behavioral, or even a combination of traits. Camouflage can also be irreversible or reversible, depending on the species. Camouflage can be irreversible when color patterns or other morphological traits are set during development. However, camouflage can also be reversible, with color, texture, and behavioral changes occurring in response to immediate threats (e.g., Mimic octopus).

In some cases, the exact same change in phenotype can be reversible in one species and irreversible in another. For example, both pea and wheat plants express changes in root growth due to environmental cues, but the changes are permanent only for wheat. Sometimes this can even occur within the same species, due to the largely unpredictable results of interactions between an individual's genetic make-up and their specific environmental experiences.

### Leaf development

*Dicerandra linearifolia* leaves grown at the beginning of its development, with lower ambient temperature, are thicker, wider, and possess less stomata than those grown later in the same year.

### Root density

In times of sporadic nutrient availability, fine root density increases in order to more efficiently absorb nutrients. In times of water inundation, plants will increase root mass in response to make use of the excess water in the environment.

### Nutrient resorption

Plants are capable of adjusting the degree nutrients are reabsorbed from their leaves. Resorption tends to be incomplete in nutrient-rich environments, and conversely nutrient poor environments often trigger complete resorption in plants.

### Leaf morphology

Leaves grown during the dry season differ than those grown in wetter seasons. The leaves differ in their shape (leaves grown during the dry season were longer and narrower in comparison to those grown during the wet season), possessed higher trichome density, and lower anthocyanin levels.


title: Thomas D. Cope

abstract: Thomas Darlington Cope was an American physicist and historian of science who published numerous articles concerning the Mason-Dixon survey in America, providing the most thorough record of the scientific accomplishments and historical importance of the survey. From 1939 to 1956, Cope published more than 20 articles on the scientific and boundary survey work of Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon in America, Africa, and Europe. His work appeared in Pennsylvania History, Proceedings of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science, Scientific Monthly, Nature, Sky and Telescope, Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, and Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London. Cope tends to focus on the scientific importance of the Mason-Dixon survey as an accomplishment of Enlightenment ingenuity applied to a geographically and politically difficult problem. Cope’s research is thought to serve as a significant source for the historical basis of Thomas Pynchon’s novel Mason & Dixon. Cope served as Professor of Physics at the University of Pennsylvania from 1902 to 1952. He earned his A.B. (1903) and Ph.D. (1915) from the University of Pennsylvania and studied at the University of Berlin in 1912-13 under Max Planck. His collected notes, held at the library of the American Philosophical Society in Philadelphia, also include notes on lectures of relativity (1921) by Albert Einstein.

text:
# Thomas D. Cope

**Thomas Darlington Cope** (December 28, 1880 – December 13, 1964) was an American physicist and historian of science who published numerous articles concerning the Mason-Dixon survey in America, providing the most thorough record of the scientific accomplishments and historical importance of the survey.

From 1939 to 1956, Cope published more than 20 articles on the scientific and boundary survey work of Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon in America, Africa, and Europe. His work appeared in *Pennsylvania History*, *Proceedings of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science*, *Scientific Monthly*, *Nature*, *Sky and Telescope*, *Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society*, and *Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London*.

Cope tends to focus on the scientific importance of the Mason-Dixon survey as an accomplishment of Enlightenment ingenuity applied to a geographically and politically difficult problem. Cope’s research is thought to serve as a significant source for the historical basis of Thomas Pynchon’s novel *Mason & Dixon*.

Cope served as Professor of Physics at the University of Pennsylvania from 1902 to 1952. He earned his A.B. (1903) and Ph.D. (1915) from the University of Pennsylvania and studied at the University of Berlin in 1912-13 under Max Planck. His collected notes, held at the library of the American Philosophical Society in Philadelphia, also include notes on lectures of relativity (1921) by Albert Einstein.


title: Novo Korito

abstract: Novo Korito is a village in the municipality of Knjaževac, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 208 people. And according to finding in 2011, 126

text:
# Novo Korito

**Novo Korito** is a village in the municipality of Knjaževac, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 208 people. And according to finding in 2011, 126

43°38′20″N 22°26′38″E / 43.63889°N 22.44389°E / 43.63889; 22.44389

## InfoBox

| Novo Korito | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Novo Korito | |
| Coordinates: 43°38′20″N 22°26′38″E / 43.63889°N 22.44389°E / 43.63889; 22.44389 | |
| Country | Serbia |
| District | Zaječar District |
| Municipality | Knjaževac |
| Population (2002) | |
| Total | 208 |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: Temnosceloides

abstract:
Temnosceloides is a genus of longhorn beetles of the subfamily Lamiinae, containing the following species:
  - Temnosceloides carnusi Meunier, Sudre & Téocchi, 2009
  - Temnosceloides hamifer Breuning & Téocchi, 1973

text:
# Temnosceloides

***Temnosceloides*** is a genus of longhorn beetles of the subfamily Lamiinae, containing the following species:

## InfoBox

| *Temnosceloides* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Subfamily: | Lamiinae |
| Genus: | ***Temnosceloides*** |
|


title: Sevona Cabin

abstract: The Sevona Cabin is located on Sand Island of the Apostle Islands National Lakeshore.

text:
# Sevona Cabin

The **Sevona Cabin** is located on Sand Island of the Apostle Islands National Lakeshore.

## History

Also known as the Sevona Memorial Cottage, the cabin was built in part with salvaged wreckage of the Sevona in 1905. It was constructed by former Lieutenant Governor of Wisconsin Sam Fifield. The cabin was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976 and to the Wisconsin State Register of Historic Places in 1989.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Sevona Cabin | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | Sand Island |
| Nearest city | Bayfield, Wisconsin |
| Coordinates | 46°57′49″N 90°56′14″W / 46.96361°N 90.93722°W / 46.96361; -90.93722 (Sevona Cabin) |
| Area | less than one acre |
| Built | 1905 |
| Architect | Sam Fifield |
| Architectural style | Gablefront |
| NRHP reference No. | 76000051 |
| Added to NRHP | September 29, 1976 |


title: Straight from the Heart (1935 film)

abstract: Straight from the Heart is a 1935 American drama film directed by Scott R. Beal and starring Mary Astor, Roger Pryor, and Juanita Quigley.

text:
# Straight from the Heart (1935 film)

***Straight from the Heart*** is a 1935 American drama film directed by Scott R. Beal and starring Mary Astor, Roger Pryor, and Juanita Quigley.

## Partial cast

1. Low p. 1850

## Bibliography

* Lowe, Denise. *An Encyclopedic Dictionary of Women in Early American Films: 1895-1930*. Routledge, 2014.

## InfoBox

| Straight from the Heart | |
| --- | --- |
| Newspaper advertisement | |
| Directed by | Scott R. Beal |
| Written by | Doris Anderson |
| Produced by | B.F. Zeidman |
| Starring | Mary Astor
Roger Pryor
Juanita Quigley |
| Cinematography | Charles J. Stumar |
| Edited by | Ted J. Kent |
| Music by | Clifford Vaughan
Oliver Wallace |
| Production
company | Universal Pictures |
| Distributed by | Universal Pictures |
| Release date | * March 22, 1935 (1935-03-22) |
| Running time | 75 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: Vame language

abstract: Vame or Pelasla is an Afroasiatic language spoken in northern Cameroon.

text:
# Vame language

**Vame** or **Pelasla** is an Afroasiatic language spoken in northern Cameroon.

## Dialects

Dialects are Dəmwa (Dume?), Hurza, Mayo-Plata (Pəlasla, Gwendele), Mbərem (Vame-Mbreme), and Ndreme (Vame). Pelasla is the name preferred by *ALCAM* (2012), since Mayo-Plata (Pelasla) is the main market town.

The Pelasla inhabit the same massif as the Wuzlam, whose customs they have adopted but not their language. Administrative censuses include them as part of the "Ouldeme" people (in the canton of Mayo-Ouldémé, arrondissement of Tokombéré, department of Mayo-Sava, Far North Region).

The name Vame-Mbreme should be avoided, since "Vame" is a Wandala term, and includes Ndreme and Mbreme.

The Démwa, Ndreme and Mbérem live in the southern part of Mora-Massif canton (arrondissement of Mora, department of Mayo-Sava, Far North Region), overlooking the Mayo-Plata depression. The Démwa are located to the north, towards the top of the massif, and the Ndreme and Mbérem to the east, in the mountain ranges overlooking the Mayo-Sava plain. The Hurza traditionally lived in the Hurza massif, isolated in the plain between Mayo-Sava and Mayo-Ouldémé and overlooking the market of Mémé (canton of Mémé, arrondissement of Mora). There are 8,500 speakers total, who have now descended to the surrounding plain and are mixed with other ethnic groups.

## Writing system

Vame alphabet
| a | b | ɓ | d | ɗ | dz | j | e | ə | f | g | gw | gh | ghw | h | hw | i | k | kw | l | m | mb | n | nd | ny |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| nz | nj | ŋ | ŋw | ŋg | ŋgw | p | r | s | sh | sl | t | ts | c | u | v | w | y | z | zh | zl |

Vame is a tonal language, but the tones are not marked.

* Social Anthropologist and linguist Olivier Nyssens (Belgium) stayed two years (1981–1983) with the Vame people, learned their language and wrote two articles.
* Linguist Daniel Barreteau made a comparative study of Vame along with other Mandara languages.
* French linguist Veronique de Colombel made a brief lexical comparative study of 17 mandara languages including Vame.
* SIl Linguist William Kinnaird wrote couple of article (2005-2006) on how to write Vame.

## References

## InfoBox

| Vame | |
| --- | --- |
| Pəlasla | |
| Native to | Cameroon |
| Region | Far North Province |
| Native speakers | (8,500 cited 1992) |
| Language family | Afro-Asiatic |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | `mlr` |
| *Glottolog* | `vame1236` |


title: Toshimitsu Tanaka

abstract: Toshimitsu Tanaka Toshimitsu Tanaka was a Japanese composer from Aomori, Aomori. He graduated from Kunitachi College of Music with a major in composition. His "Two Movements for Marimba", composed in 1965, was awarded the Encouraging Prize of the National Arts Festival for the Centennial Anniversary of the Meiji Period (1968), and the Supreme Prize of the National Arts Festival in 1969. The piece was recorded by Evelyn Glennie in April 1990 for her 1991 album release Light in Darkness. His music is typical of the Japanese marimba repertoire. Tanaka was a professor of Composition Department at Kunitachi College of Music as well as Kyiv National University of Culture and Arts.

text:
# Toshimitsu Tanaka

**Toshimitsu Tanaka** (田中 利光, *Tanaka Toshimitsu*, 17 July 1930 – 30 July 2020) was a Japanese composer from Aomori, Aomori. He graduated from Kunitachi College of Music with a major in composition.

His "Two Movements for Marimba", composed in 1965, was awarded the Encouraging Prize of the National Arts Festival for the Centennial Anniversary of the Meiji Period (1968), and the Supreme Prize of the National Arts Festival in 1969. The piece was recorded by Evelyn Glennie in April 1990 for her 1991 album release *Light in Darkness*.

His music is typical of the Japanese marimba repertoire.

Tanaka was a professor of Composition Department at Kunitachi College of Music as well as Kyiv National University of Culture and Arts.


title: Toss (2017 film)

abstract: Toss is a 2017 Indian Kannada romantic comedy film written, directed and co-produced by Dayal Padmanabhan. The film stars Vijay Raghavendra, Sandeep and Ramya Barna in the lead roles. The film, under the banner of D Pictures and Om productions, was launched by Puneeth Rajkumar on 27 January 2012. After being in development for more than 5 years, the film is set to release on 21 July 2017.

text:
# Toss (2017 film)

***Toss*** is a 2017 Indian Kannada romantic comedy film written, directed and co-produced by Dayal Padmanabhan. The film stars Vijay Raghavendra, Sandeep and Ramya Barna in the lead roles. The film, under the banner of D Pictures and Om productions, was launched by Puneeth Rajkumar on 27 January 2012. After being in development for more than 5 years, the film is set to release on 21 July 2017.

## Cast

## Soundtrack

Soundtrack was composed by Gautham Srivatsa.

* "Yavude Sammandha" - Vijay Raghavendra
* "Nidde Madi" - Devan Ekambaram, Charan Raj
* "What Are You Doing" - Gurukiran, Chaithra HG
* "Rottiyu Jaari" - Chaithra HG

## Reception

*The Times of India* wrote that "The film has its share of drawbacks, such as some crass gay references for instance. But it surely is worth that trip to the cinema hall if you are in the mood for something hatke". *Chitraloka* wrote "There are some good peppy dialogues and lyrics in the film which keeps the story teeming with life. There is a tight script which helps the plot moving forward and surprise elements that keep popping up one after the other".

## Sources

## InfoBox

| Toss | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Dayal Padmanabhan |
| Written by | Dayal Padmanabhan |
| Produced by | Dayal Padmanabhan
Avinash U Shetty |
| Starring | Vijay Raghavendra
Sandeep
Ramya Barna |
| Cinematography | Rakesh B |
| Edited by | Sri (Crazy Mindz) |
| Music by | Gowtham Shrivatsa |
| Production
companies | D Pictures
Om Production House |
| Release date | * 21 July 2017 (2017-07-21) |
| Running time | 2hr 26min |
| Country | India |
| Language | Kannada |


title: Tosramkhola

abstract: Tosramkhola is a village development committee in Sindhuli District in the Janakpur Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 1,901 people living in 313 individual households.

text:
# Tosramkhola

**Tosramkhola**  is a village development committee in Sindhuli District in the Janakpur Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 1,901 people living in 313 individual households.

1. "Nepal Census 2001". *Nepal's Village Development Committees*. Digital Himalaya. Retrieved 2 November 2008.

## InfoBox

| Tosramkhola तोस्रामखोला | |
| --- | --- |
| Village development committee | |
| TosramkholaLocation in Nepal | |
| Coordinates: 27°10′45″N 86°10′0″E / 27.17917°N 86.16667°E / 27.17917; 86.16667 | |
| Country | Nepal |
| Zone | Janakpur Zone |
| District | Sindhuli District |
| Population (1991) | |
| Total | 1,901 |
| Time zone | UTC+5:45 (Nepal Time) |


title: Toporzyszczewo

abstract: Toporzyszczewo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bądkowo, within Aleksandrów County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies 19 kilometres (12 mi) south-east of Aleksandrów Kujawski and 38 km (24 mi) south of Toruń.

text:
# Toporzyszczewo

**Toporzyszczewo** \[tɔpɔʐɨʂˈt͡ʂɛvɔ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bądkowo, within Aleksandrów County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies 19 kilometres (12 mi) south-east of Aleksandrów Kujawski and 38 km (24 mi) south of Toruń.

## InfoBox

| Toporzyszczewo | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Toporzyszczewo | |
| Coordinates: 52°43′N 18°49′E / 52.717°N 18.817°E / 52.717; 18.817 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Kuyavian-Pomeranian |
| County | Aleksandrów |
| Gmina | Bądkowo |


title: Touchin'

abstract: "Touchin'" is a song by South Korean singer Kang Daniel. It was released digitally by Konnect Entertainment on November 25, 2019 and was later included in his second EP Cyan on March 24, 2020. The digital single included a second track "Adulthood" with lyrics co-written by Kang.

text:
# Touchin'

"**Touchin'**" (stylized "**TOUCHIN'**") is a song by South Korean singer Kang Daniel. It was released digitally by Konnect Entertainment on November 25, 2019 and was later included in his second EP *Cyan* on March 24, 2020. The digital single included a second track "Adulthood" with lyrics co-written by Kang.

## Background

On November 13, 2019, Kang Daniel posted a surprise teaser image on social media and announced news of a digital single release on the 25th at 6pm KST, marking his first comeback after releasing *Color on Me* four months prior. The single is said to be his first step towards a broad musical spectrum. An image of entwined hands, which would serve as the single's cover picture, was posted on the 18th and also revealed the title track name. The first set of black-and-white noir-themed concept photos was posted on the 20th, and a second set of photos featuring Kang in a suit was uploaded on the 21st.

## Composition

"Touchin'" is described as having an '80s to '90s pop sound that combines characteristics of various genres, including EDM, rock, and dance, highlighting a strong bass in the chorus. The song's motif interprets the first encounter between a film's main characters.

The second track “Adulthood” expresses thoughts about becoming an adult but not wanting to grow up yet. Lyrically, there is push and pull between the ideal free-spirited adult self and the tired and lonely adult self in real life. The song has a lively melody and features a soft synthesizer.

## Music video

The "Touchin'" music video teaser was revealed on November 22, 2019, and the full music video produced by FantazyLab was released on November 25, 2019. The video features Kang in a casual setting approaching an old CRT television and selecting a VHS tape labeled "Touchin'" to watch. A black-and-white film runs, and one of the characters is portrayed by Kang himself.

## Promotion

Kang debuted "Touchin'" at his *Color on Seoul* fan meeting held at KINTEX on November 23–24, 2019 prior to the official music site release. He then performed "Touchin'" at awards shows Asia Artist Awards on November 26 and the 2019 Melon Music Awards. He also made radio and variety appearances, guesting on *Cultwo Show* and becoming a special MC for KBS2 shows *Happy Together* and *Fun-Staurant*, where he performed the choreography. He was able to promote on music shows KBS2's *Music Bank*, SBS's *Inkigayo*, and SBS MTV's *The Show*. His return to music shows occurred nearly a year after his last music show performance in December 2018, and he received an award in person on *The Show*. After Kang promoted for a week, Konnect announced he would be taking a break due to health issues, and his scheduled activities were canceled.

## Track listing

Digital download
| No. | Title | Lyrics | Music | Arrangement | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Touchin'" | * JQ * Shin Sae-rom * Kang Eun-yoo | * Laurent Wilthien * Jean-Noel Wilthien * Matthieu Tosi * Nick McKerl * Logan Lee Turner * Ryan S. Jhun * Noday |  | 3:05 |
| 2. | "Adulthood" | * Dvwn * Noday * Versachoi * Kang Daniel | * Noday * Dvwn * Versachoi | * Versachoi * Noday | 3:05 |
| Total length: | | | | | 6:10 |

## Charts

| Chart (2019) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| South Korea (Gaon) | 71 |

## Accolades

| Year | Award | Category | Result | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2020 | 29th Seoul Music Awards | Dance Performance Award | Nominated |  |

### Music program awards

| Program | Date | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- |
| *The Show* (SBS MTV) | December 3, 2019 |  |

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format | Label |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Various | November 25, 2019 |  | * Konnect Entertainment * Sony Music |

## InfoBox

| "Touchin'" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Kang Daniel | |
| from the album  *Cyan* | |
| B-side | "Adulthood" |
| Released | November 25, 2019 (2019-11-25) |
| Recorded | 2019 |
| Genre | K-pop |
| Label |  |
| Composer(s) | * Laurent Wilthien * Jean-Noel Wilthien * Matthieu Tosi * Nick McKerl * Logan Lee Turner * Ryan S. Jhun * Noday |
| Lyricist(s) | * JQ * Shin Sae-rom * Kang Eun-yoo |
| Producer(s) |  |
| Kang Daniel singles chronology | |
| "What Are You Up To"
(2019) "**Touchin'**"
(2019) "2U"
(2020) | |
|  | |
| Music video | |
| "Touchin'" on YouTube
"Adulthood" on YouTube | |
|  | |


title: Tour de Sauvabelin

abstract: The Tour de Sauvabelin is a wooden tower located in the Sauvabelin forest in Lausanne, Switzerland. The tower was built in 2003 by Julius Natterer and stands 35 meters high. It offers a panoramic view of the city of Lausanne, Lake Léman, and the surrounding countryside and mountains.

text:
# Tour de Sauvabelin

The **Tour de Sauvabelin** (literally "Tower of Sauvabelin") is a wooden tower located in the Sauvabelin forest in Lausanne, Switzerland.

The tower was built in 2003 by Julius Natterer and stands 35 meters high . It offers a panoramic view of the city of Lausanne, Lake Léman, and the surrounding countryside and mountains.

## Story

IIn the 1980s, EPFL professor Julius Natterer tasked his students with developing various construction designs for a tower. In a motion and an interpellation in 1994 and 1996, city councillor Pierre Payot proposed that the observation tower be constructed using wood sourced directly from Lausanne's forests. To avoid unnecessary felling of trees, logs and squared timber were used, partly from dying Douglas firs for the exterior and fir and spruce for the interior. The project was approved by the city council on July 2, 1996, and the building permit was granted to the client, the Union des sociétés de développement de Lausanne (USDL), on March 12, 1998.

The majority of the approximately 1.19 million Swiss francs in construction costs were financed by sponsors. Anyone could contribute financially by purchasing stair treads; one cost 1,000 francs for private individuals, and 3,000 francs for companies. In return, each landing was inscribed with the sponsor's name.

The tower was completed on November 29, 2003, and has been open to the public since December 15, 2003. Access is automatically controlled by a revolving gate, which closes during bad weather or after opening hours. For safety reasons, the maximum number of people allowed at any given time is limited to 50.

## Notes and references

46°32′07″N 6°38′19″E / 46.53528°N 6.63861°E / 46.53528; 6.63861


abstract: Townsville Entertainment and Convention Centre is an indoor sports arena located in Townsville, Queensland, Australia. The capacity of the arena is 5,257 and was built in 1993.

text:
# Townsville Entertainment and Convention Centre

**Townsville Entertainment and Convention Centre** is an indoor sports arena located in Townsville, Queensland, Australia. The capacity of the arena is 5,257 and was built in 1993.

## Tenants

From 1993 until the end of the 2013–14 NBL season, the centre was the home arena of the Townsville Crocodiles basketball team. During Crocodiles games, the venue was commonly referred to as "The Swamp". Due to a downturn in attendance figures, the Crocs played at the Townsville RSL Stadium during the 2014–15 NBL season. In May 2015, the Crocodiles announced they would be returning to "The Swamp" for the 2015–16 season.

In 2021, the centre is set to become the new home arena for the Townsville Fire women's basketball team, ahead of the 2021–22 WNBL season. This move will see the centre now commonly referred to as "The Fire Pit".

## InfoBox

Townsville Entertainment and Convention Centre
| The Swamp | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Former names | Townsville Entertainment Centre |
| Location | Entertainment Drive, Breakwater Island, Townsville, Queensland |
| Coordinates | 19°15′2″S 146°49′39″E / 19.25056°S 146.82750°E / -19.25056; 146.82750 |
| Capacity | 5,257 |
| Construction | |
| Broke ground | 1990 |
| Opened | 1993 |
| Tenants | |
| Townsville Crocodiles (NBL) (1993–2014, 2015–2016)
2018 Commonwealth Games
Townsville Fire (WNBL) (2021–present) | |


title: Trad Al-Fayez

abstract: Trad Mithqal Al-Fayez is a Jordanian politician born in Amman, Jordan. He was the minister of Agriculture, an ambassador of Jordan to multiple countries, and a member of the Jordanian senate.

text:
# Trad Al-Fayez

**Trad Mithqal Al-Fayez** (Arabic: طراد مثقال الفايز, *Trad Al Fayiz*; 31 December 1937 – 11 September 2024) is a Jordanian politician born in Amman, Jordan. He was the minister of Agriculture, an ambassador of Jordan to multiple countries, and a member of the Jordanian senate.

## Early life and Personal life

Al-Fayez was born in Amman in 1937 to Sheikh Mithqal Al-Fayez and Adul Khayr. He graduated from The University of Oklahoma in 1965 with a bachelor's degree in Political Science. In 1967, following the Arab defeat in the Six-Day War, a wave of Palestinian refugees from the West Bank were to be resettled in Jordan, Trad, alongside his brothers Akef and Talal donated 130,000 square meters of land in the main urban center of Al-Jizah to host the refugees where the Talbieh Camp stands today. Trad was the last surviving son of Mithqal, passing away on the night of the 11th of September, 2024. A three day funeral service was held in the Mithqal Pasha Al-Fayez Diwan, and was attended by a wide range of dignitaries and royalty from various parts of the Arab World.

## Political career

* Minister of Agriculture of Jordan, 2002-2003
* Member of the Jordanian Senate, 2001-2003
* Member of the Jordanian Senate, 2003-2005
* Jordanian Ambassador to Egypt, 1998
* Jordanian Permanent representative to the Arab League, 1998
* Jordanian Ambassador to Qatar, 1993-1997
* Jordanian Ambassador to Lebanon,1997-1998
* Secretary General of the Ministry of Media, 1988
* Media Advisor to the Prime Minister, 1986-1988

## Honours

### National

### Foreign

* Qatar:
    + Order of Independence

1. Alon, Yoav (2016). *The shaykh of shaykhs Mithqal al-Fayiz and tribal leadership in modern Jordan*. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. p. 91. ISBN 9780804799348.
2. "M'alli Al Sayyid Trad Al Fayez". *The Jordanian Senate* (in Arabic).
3. "Talbieh Camp". *UNRWA*. Retrieved 2023-09-05.
4. محمد, كريمة (2024-09-12). "نعاه مجلس الأعيان في الأردن..من هو طراد مثقال الفايز وما سبب وفاته؟". *قناة ومنصة المشهد*. Retrieved 2024-09-15.
5. "استحقاقات دستورية قادمة في الأردن قبل نهاية 2024". *رؤيا الإخباري*. Retrieved 2024-09-15.
6. "Previous Councils". *The Jordanian Senate*.

## InfoBox

| His ExcellencyTrad Mithqal Sattam Al-Fayez | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 31 December 1937 |
| Died | September 11, 2024(2024-09-11) (aged 86) |
| Alma mater | The University of Oklahoma |
| Occupation | Politician |
| Children | 6 |
| Father | Mithqal Al Fayez |
| Relatives | Sattam Al-Fayez (Grandfather)
Akef Al-Fayez
Sami Al-Fayez |


title: Township High School District 113

abstract: Township High School District 113 is a school district in Illinois, with its headquarters in Highland Park. It is made up of two high schools and serves Highland Park, Deerfield, Highwood, Bannockburn, and Riverwoods. It is governed by a 7-member school board. Dr. Bruce Law currently serves as the district's superintendent. The school board president is Jodi Shapira, the vice president is Ken Fishbain, and the secretary is Stacey Meyer. They serve alongside Gayle Byck, Elizabeth Garlovsky, Michael Pearlman, and Dan Struck.

text:
# Township High School District 113

**Township High School District 113** is a school district in Illinois, with its headquarters in Highland Park. It is made up of two high schools and serves Highland Park, Deerfield, Highwood, Bannockburn, and Riverwoods.

It is governed by a 7-member school board. Dr. Bruce Law currently serves as the district's superintendent. The school board president is Jodi Shapira, the vice president is Ken Fishbain, and the secretary is Stacey Meyer. They serve alongside Gayle Byck, Elizabeth Garlovsky, Michael Pearlman, and Dan Struck.

## Capital Improvements

**April 2011 Referendum** In April 2011, the District 113 school board voted to approve a $133M ballot measure for capital improvements. The plan was defeated with 56.5% of voters voting against the plan.

**April 2013 Referendum** After the defeat of the initial $133M plan, the District held open recruitment for community members to serve on "study groups" that would assist in evaluating the district's needs, and eventually, how to move forward. This culminated in the development of a Long-Range Master Plan, laying out a blueprint for the next several decades. The study groups were made up of a diverse group of community members from the district's feeder towns, and included both members of CARE for 113 (the "vote yes" committee) and Education 1st (the "vote no" committee). The groups presented their findings at a series of community meetings held in 2012. The ballot measure, a referendum for $89M in funds, was passed on April 9, 2013, election with 52.4% of voters approving.

The total cost of the new project is $114M - $25M will come from the district's existing capital improvements operating budget line item over five years, and the remaining $89M will come from a bond issue.

## Schools

## Feeder School Districts

## InfoBox

| Township High School District 113 | |
| --- | --- |
| Address | |
| 1040 Park Avenue West Highland Park, Lake County, Illinois, 60035
United States | |
| District information | |
| Motto | A Passion for Potential |
| Grades | 9–12 |
| Superintendent | Chala Holland |
| Schools | Deerfield High School
Highland Park High School |
| NCES District ID | 1719080 |
| Students and staff | |
| Students | 3,386 |
| Other information | |
| Website | dist113.org |


title: Torossanguéhi

abstract: Torossanguéhi is a village in northeastern Ivory Coast. It is in the sub-prefecture of Laoudi-Ba, Bondoukou Department, Gontougo Region, Zanzan District. Torossanguéhi was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1126 communes nationwide that were abolished.

text:
# Torossanguéhi

**Torossanguéhi** is a village in northeastern Ivory Coast. It is in the sub-prefecture of Laoudi-Ba, Bondoukou Department, Gontougo Region, Zanzan District.

Torossanguéhi was a commune until March 2012, when it became one of 1126 communes nationwide that were abolished.

## InfoBox

| Torossanguéhi | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| TorossanguéhiLocation in Ivory Coast | |
| Coordinates: 8°18′N 3°7′W / 8.300°N 3.117°W / 8.300; -3.117 | |
| Country | Ivory Coast |
| District | Zanzan |
| Region | Gontougo |
| Department | Bondoukou |
| Sub-prefecture | Laoudi-Ba |
| Time zone | UTC+0 (GMT) |


title: Toroslar

abstract: Toroslar is a municipality and district of Mersin Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,075 km⁲, and its population is 319,711 (2022). It covers the northern part of the city of Mersin and the adjacent countryside.

text:
# Toroslar

**Toroslar** is a municipality and district of Mersin Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,075 km2, and its population is 319,711 (2022). It covers the northern part of the city of Mersin and the adjacent countryside.

## Geography

The district of Akdeniz lies in the southeast. Müftü River and the district of Yenişehir lie in the southwest. Southern slopes of Toros mountains lie in the north. Mersin intrafaith cemetery is in Toroslar.

## History

Yumuktepe, the ruins of one of the earliest human settlements in Anatolia is in Toroslar. Excavations by John Garstang and Seton Lloyd both of which were directors of the British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara, revealed 23 levels of occupation, the earliest dating from c. 6300 BC. The site however was abandoned during Byzantine Empire period. Modern settlement began in the 19th century.

Originally a part of Mersin municipality, the municipality of Toroslar was established in 1993. In 2008 the district Toroslar was created from part of the former central district of Mersin, along with the districts Mezitli, Akdeniz and Yenişehir. At the same time, the former municipalities Dorukkent, Arpaçsakarlar and Yalınayak were absorbed into the municipality of Toroslar. At the 2013 Turkish local government reorganisation, the rural part of the district was integrated into the municipality, the villages becoming neighbourhoods.

## Population

As of 2022, the population of Toroslar is 319,711, which makes it the second-most populous district of Mersin Province after Tarsus. Approximately 30% of Mersin citizens live in Toroslar. The majority of residents are blue-collar workers who work at factories or in the fields.

## Composition

There are 67 neighbourhoods in Toroslar District:

## Sport

Sports venues in the district are the 325-seat multi-sport venue, Mersin District 7 Sports Hall, and new-built Toroslar Bocce Facility, both used during the 2013 Mediterranean Games.

## International relations

Toroslar is twinned with:

## InfoBox

| Toroslar | |
| --- | --- |
| District and municipality | |
| Kuva-yi Milliye Monument in Toroslar | |
| Map showing Toroslar District in Mersin Province | |
| ToroslarLocation in Turkey | |
| Coordinates: 36°49′N 34°37′E / 36.817°N 34.617°E / 36.817; 34.617 | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Mersin |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Abdurrahman Yıldız (CHP) |
| Area | 1,075 km2 (415 sq mi) |
| Population (2022) | 319,711 |
| Density | 300/km2 (770/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |
| Area code | 0324 |
| Website | www.toroslar.bel.tr |


title: Trachyliopus pauliani

abstract: Trachyliopus pauliani is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1957.

text:
# Trachyliopus pauliani

***Trachyliopus pauliani*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1957.

## InfoBox

| *Trachyliopus pauliani* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Suborder: | Polyphaga |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | ***Trachyliopus*** |
| Species: | ***T. pauliani*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Trachyliopus pauliani***<br>Breuning, 1957 | |
|


title: Trachyliopus subannulicornis

abstract: Trachyliopus subannulicornis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1970.

text:
# Trachyliopus subannulicornis

***Trachyliopus subannulicornis*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1970.

## InfoBox

| *Trachyliopus subannulicornis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Suborder: | Polyphaga |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | ***Trachyliopus*** |
| Species: | ***T. subannulicornis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Trachyliopus subannulicornis***<br>Breuning, 1970 | |
|


title: Trade unions in Togo

abstract: Trade unions in Togo first emerged under French colonial rule in the 1930s and 1940s. In the 1950s, unions separated from French structures as autonomous organisations. Following independence in 1960 there remained a pluralistic environment, however, with the military coup of Gnassingbé Eyadéma in 1968, all trade unions were dissolved into a single union under state control. This situation remained until the early 1990s when trade union plurality returned.

text:
# Trade unions in Togo

**Trade unions in Togo** first emerged under French colonial rule in the 1930s and 1940s. In the 1950s, unions separated from French structures as autonomous organisations. Following independence in 1960 there remained a pluralistic environment, however, with the military coup of Gnassingbé Eyadéma in 1968, all trade unions were dissolved into a single union under state control. This situation remained until the early 1990s when trade union plurality returned.

## Origins and autonomy

Limited trade union rights were granted in French West Africa in 1937 following the election victory of the Popular Front government in 1936. The General Confederation of Labour (CGT) was the first French trade union to engage in organising activities in West Africa, but these were halted due to the outbreak of World War II and the banning of trade unions during the Vichy Regime. Following the end of the War, the CGT created sections for West Africa, with a section for Togo established in 1946.

## Independence and suppression

From the early 1970s independent trade unionism was banned in Togo. In 1972 and 1973, the existing trade unions were dissolved into the CNTT and placed under government control. The Eyadéma regime banned strikes, gaoled union leaders, and replaced them with sycophants. In 1980, the CNTT was incorporated into the ruling party (the Rally of the Togolese People).

National Centres of Togo
| Federation | Membership (2017) |
| --- | --- |
| National Confederation of Togolese Workers (CNTT) | 117,327 |
| Trade Union Confederation of Togolese Workers (CSTT) | 84,093 |
| Union Générale des Syndicats Libres (UGSL) | 35,000 |
| National Union of Independent Trade Unions of Togo (UNSIT) | 9,050 |
| Groupe des Syndicats Autonomes (GSA) | 5,600 |
| La Confédération Générale des Cadres (Syndicats Libres) du Togo (CGCT) | 4,170 |
| Synergie des Travailleurs du Togo (STT) | Unknown |

## InfoBox

Trade unions in Togo
| National organization(s) | CNTT, CSTT, UNSIT, UGSL |
| --- | --- |
| Total union membership | 255,240 (2017) |
| Density | 7.4% (2017) |
| Global Rights Index | |
| 3 Regular violations of rights | |
| International Labour Organization | |
| Togo is a member of the ILO | |
| Convention ratification | |
| Freedom of Association | 7 June 1960 |
| Right to Organise | 8 November 1983 |


title: Trade unions in Uganda

abstract: Trade unions in Uganda have existed since the 1930s. For much of Uganda's history trade union activities have been greatly shaped by national politics and by events external to the country's labour movement. The experiences of trade unions in Uganda fall into four periods: during the British colonial period, from independence to the rise to power of Idi Amin (1962-1971), the Idi Amin dictatorship (1971-1979) and through to the present.

text:
# Trade unions in Uganda

**Trade unions in Uganda** have existed since the 1930s. For much of Uganda's history trade union activities have been greatly shaped by national politics and by events external to the country's labour movement. The experiences of trade unions in Uganda fall into four periods: during the British colonial period (to 1962), from independence to the rise to power of Idi Amin (1962-1971), the Idi Amin dictatorship (1971-1979) and through to the present.

## Uganda Protectorate

The first unions emerged with the formation of the Uganda African Motor Drivers' Association in 1939. The Uganda Trade Union Congress (UTUC), founded in 1955, was the country's first national centre.

## Independence

As trade unions grew in the late 1950s and early 1960s, workers from outside Uganda became involved. This was especially the case of Kenyan workers fleeing British repression during the Mau Mau Uprising. The newly independent government was fearful of the infusion of Kenyan workers who were perceived to be militant and framed trade union law in ways which were considered more draconian than during the colonial period. For example, non-Ugandans were banned from holding any position within a trade union.

## Trade unions in contemporary Uganda

During the second decade of the 21st Century, NOTU emerged as the largest national trade union. While initially struggling to be relevant and undergoing significant internal divisions between 2000 and 2010, by 2018 the confederation had absorbed unions which had broken away from rival COFTU and increased membership through organising. Between 2010 and 2018, NOTU's membership grew by more than three times and represents more than 90% of organised workers in Uganda. The growth is largely attributed to the organization of informal workers.

## InfoBox

Trade unions in Uganda
| National organization(s) | COFTU, NOTU |
| --- | --- |
| Regulatory authority | Ministry of Gender, Labour and Social Development |
| Primary legislation | Labour Unions Act (2006) |
| Total union membership | 968,950 (2019) |
| Density | 15% (2019) |
| CBA Coverage | 15% (2018) |
| Global Rights Index | |
| 4 Systematic violations of rights | |
| International Labour Organization | |
| Uganda is a member of the ILO | |
| Convention ratification | |
| Freedom of Association | 2 June 2005 |
| Right to Organise | 4 June 1963 |


title: Trams in Jakarta

abstract: The Jakarta tram system was a transport system in Jakarta, Indonesia. Its first-generation tram network first operated as a horse tram system, and was eventually converted to electric trams in the early twentieth century.

text:
# Trams in Jakarta

The **Jakarta tram** system was a transport system in Jakarta, Indonesia. Its first-generation tram network first operated as a horse tram system, and was eventually converted to electric trams in the early twentieth century.

## History

### Dutch era

The first horse tram in Batavia was operated by *Bataviasche Tramweg Maatschappij* (BTM, Batavia Tramways Company). The horse tram line was inaugurated on 20 April 1869, long before trams existed in the Netherlands- using a gauge width of 1,188 mm (3 ft 10+2532 in), connecting Batavia Old Town with Weltevreden. At the time the tram, pulled by 3-4 horses, could accommodate up to 40 passengers. In April 1869 an estimated 1,500 passengers had been served by the system and in September 1869 it was increased to 7,000 passengers.

As a result of horse trams operational problems experienced by the BTM, in 1880 the operation was handled temporarily by Firma Dummler & Co. Two years later, on 19 September 1881 *Bataviasche Tramweg Maatschappij* officially changed its name into *Nederlands-Indische Tramweg Maatschappij* (NITM, Netherlands Indies Tramways Company) and took over Batavia trams operation previously handled by Firma Dummler & Co. Under NITM, there was a gradual overhaul of its fleet and infrastructure, which the replacement of horse with steam locomotives produced by Hohenzollern Locomotive Works. The first locomotive was purchased for ƒ8,800 and the fleet replacement process was completed in 1884. The horse tram service was closed from 12 June 1882. NITM services reopened on 1 July 1883 with the inauguration of the steam tram service as well as the new Batavia Old Town–Harmonie line.

Four years after the operation of the Batavia Old Town–Harmoni steam tram line, electric trams was introduced under the operation of the *Batavia Elektrische Tram Maatschappij* (BETM, Batavia Electric Tram Company), making it a competitor to the NITM's steam tram. BETM began operation since the inauguration of Batavia Old Town–Ragunan Zoo line on 10 April 1899 which was extended to Tanah Abang Station in November 1899, but unfortunately the extension was closed in 1904. In 1900 BETM extended its tram network, reaching Jembatan Merah, Tanah Tinggi, and Gunung Sahari areas by crossing Ciliwung River. With the increasing number of years, BETM continued to expand its tram network until 1920, it marked with unhealthy competition between BETM and NITM. The competition caused ticket prices became too expensive that Batavia city government demanded NITM to upgrade its fleet to become electric-powered, but was refused by NITM itself.

As a result of the competition, the two began to impose transit tickets and special schedules during rush hour. On 31 July 1930 NITM and BTM were merged to form *Bataviasche Verkeers Maatschappij* (BVM, Batavia Transport Company). The merger combines 1 steam tram line, 2 trolleybus lines, and 7 bus routes operated by both NITM and BETM.

Under BVM, the tramways underwent significant changes. In former NITM routes, the electrification program was carried out from April 1933 to 1934. The electrification made the travel time from Batavia Old City to Jatinegara cut by 10 minutes. BVM experienced its peak in 1934, where it operating 5 electric tram lines with a total length of 41 kilometers.

The decline of the Batavia (Jakarta) tram began in 1935. As a result of Great Depression, BVM had financial problems, which its popularity was threatened by the emergence of other modes such as bemo and oplet. As a result of this financial constraint, the BVM bus service was closed and the company will only focus on the trolleybus service. The BVM bus service only reopened in 1941.

### Post-Dutch era

In March 1942, the Dutch East Indies entered the Japanese occupation. The trams service managed by the BVM was taken over by the Japanese army and changed its name to the Nippon Batavia Tram Army. Then in June 1942 it was changed to *Seibu Rikuyo Batavia Shiden*, and then, *Jakaruta Shiden* (ジャカルタ市電, Jakarta Trams). Under the control of *Jakaruta Shiden* the Jakarta tram underwent overhaul, including abolishing the class system, dismissing BVM workers who were Dutch citizens, applying Japanese symbols on tram bodies, and doubling tracks on Gunung Sahari–Pal Putih line.

After Indonesian independence, Indonesians took over the *Jakaruta Shiden* system on 13 October 1945, and changed its name to the *Djakarta-Kota Tram* which in 1957 was nationalized as Pengangkutan Penumpang Djakarta (PPD, Djakarta Passenger Transport). Although it was taken over, PPD only operated the tram for some years and was abolished because it was deemed unsuitable for urban spatial planning.

## Rolling stock

The list provides only steam-tram rolling stock of Batavia until the year 1924. The list is sorted by its year.

| Type | Manufacturer | Year | Quantity | NITM number | Seats capacity | Standing capacity | Picture | Remarks |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Trailer | Bonnefond | 1869 | unknown | unknown | 40 | unknown |  | Horse-drawn (3-4 horses), 1188mm gauge |
| Fireless locomotive | Hohenzollern | 1882-1883 | 21 | 1-21 | not applicable | not applicable |  | 1188mm gauge |
| Fireless locomotive | Hohenzollern | 1884-1907 | 13 | 22-34 | not applicable | not applicable |  | 1188mm gauge |
| Steam locomotive | Hohenzollern | 1921 | 17 | 51-67 | not applicable | not applicable |  | 1067mm gauge |
| Trailer type A | Beynes | 1882 | 14 | 1-14 | 16 | 16 |  | Became BVM A1-A14 |
| Trailer type B | Beynes | 1882 | 14 | 51-64 | 26 | 16 |  | 52 & 55 became type A 80 & 81 in 1925. 23 survivors became BVM B101-B123 |
| Trailer type A | Beynes | 1882-1889 | 9 | 91-99 | 24 | 16 |  |  |
| Trailer type B | Beynes | 1882-1889 | 7 | 101-107 | 34 | 16 |  | Became BVM AB201-AB207 |
| Trailer type B | Beynes | 1883 | 2 | 151, 152 | 40 | 16 |  | Became BVM AB208, AB209 |
| Trailer type AB | Beynes | 1884 | 2 | 202, 202 | 40 | 16 |  |  |
| Trailer type c\C | Beynes | 1887-1897 | 14 | 251-264 | 40 | 28 |  | Became BVM AB208, AB209 |
| Trailer type AB | Beynes | 1897 | 2 | 211, 212 | 40 | 16 |  |  |
| Trailer type AB | NITM | 1904 | 6 | 221-226 | 40 | 20 |  | Became BVM AB253, AB254, AB256, C505, C506, C508 |
| Pikolanwagen | Werkspoor | 1904-1924 | 28 | 1-28 | not applicable | not applicable |  | 23 survivors became P1-P23 |
| Trailer type C | NITM | 1908-1810 | 7 | 271-277 | 40 | 28 |  | 274, 275 & 277 became type AB 231–233 in 1928. Later became 501, 507 & 508. |
| Trailer type AB | Werkspoor | 1922-1923 | 21 | 301-321 | 36 | 28 |  | Became BVM AB301-AB318, C422-C424 |
| Trailer type C | Werkspoor | 1922-1923 | 21 | 401-421 | 42 | 53 |  | Became BVM C401-C421 |

## Cited works

## InfoBox

| Trams in Jakarta | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Operation | |
| Locale | Batavia, Dutch East Indies<br>Jakarta, Indonesia |
| Status | Closed |
| Infrastructure | |
| Track gauge | 1,188 mm (3 ft 10+2532 in) |
| Minimum curve radius | ? |
| Horsecar era: 1869 (1869)–1883 (1883)  Status Closed  Operator(s) Bataviasche Tramweg-Maatschappij  Track gauge 1188 mm  Propulsion system(s) Horses | |
| Steam tram era: 1883 (1883)–1933 (1933)  Status Closed  Operator(s) Dummler & Co.  Track gauge 1188 mm  Propulsion system(s) Steam | |
| Electric tram era: 1899 (1899)–1962 (1962)  Status Closed  Lines 6  Owner(s) Bataviasche Verkeers Maatschappij, Indonesian government  Operator(s) Bataviasche Verkeers Maatschappij, Pengangkutan Penumpang Djakarta  Track gauge 1188 mm  Propulsion system(s) Electric  Depot(s) Kramat | |
| Overview | |


title: Transgender Foundation of America

abstract: Transgender Foundation of America (TFA) is a Houston, Texas-based non-profit organization whose mission is to advance the quality of life for transgender people. TFA engages in community development through education and outreach resources. Additionally, TFA runs a Transgender Archive and museum space called the Transgender Archives. In addition to the Transgender Archive, the TFA Transgender Center provides the transgender community with several support groups and access to therapist support, medical assistance as well as social services such as homelessness prevention, case management and HIV prevention services. July 25 was named "Transgender Center Day" in Houston by Mayor Bill White.

text:
# Transgender Foundation of America

**Transgender Foundation of America** (**TFA**) is a Houston, Texas-based non-profit organization whose mission is to advance the quality of life for transgender people. TFA engages in community development through education and outreach resources. Additionally, TFA runs a Transgender Archive and museum space called the Transgender Archives. In addition to the Transgender Archive, the TFA Transgender Center provides the transgender community with several support groups and access to therapist support, medical assistance as well as social services such as homelessness prevention, case management and HIV prevention services. July 25 was named "Transgender Center Day" in Houston by Mayor Bill White.