title: WKKV-FM

abstract: WKKV-FM, also known as V-100.7, is an urban contemporary radio station owned by iHeartMedia, Inc. serving the Milwaukee area. The station broadcasts with an ERP of 50 kW and is licensed to Racine, Wisconsin. Its studios are located in the Milwaukee suburb of Greenfield. The playlist of V-100.7 consists of primarily current hip-hop and R&B as well as some older Hip Hop and R&B from the 2010s. At 50,000 watts, WKKV's signal is one of the strongest in the area, and can travel over Lake Michigan into the state of Michigan. V-100.7 can be heard reliably as far west as Madison, north to Sheboygan, south into the Chicago suburbs, and beyond depending on conditions. Due to its tower lying in close proximity to the open waters of Lake Michigan, both its analog signal can periodically travel with local quality in excess of 120 miles to the east along the Michigan shoreline without interference, this is most common in the summer months when warm air temperatures and the cool lake waters create favorable conditions for tropospheric propagation.

text:
# WKKV-FM

**WKKV-FM** (100.7 MHz), also known as *V-100.7*, is an urban contemporary radio station owned by iHeartMedia, Inc. serving the Milwaukee area. The station broadcasts with an ERP of 50 kW and is licensed to Racine, Wisconsin. Its studios are located in the Milwaukee suburb of Greenfield.

The playlist of *V-100.7* consists of primarily current hip-hop and R&B as well as some older Hip Hop and R&B from the 2010s.

At 50,000 watts, WKKV's signal is one of the strongest in the area, and can travel over Lake Michigan into the state of Michigan. V-100.7 can be heard reliably as far west as Madison, north to Sheboygan, south into the Chicago suburbs, and beyond depending on conditions. Due to its tower lying in close proximity to the open waters of Lake Michigan, both its analog signal can periodically travel with local quality in excess of 120 miles to the east along the Michigan shoreline without interference, this is most common in the summer months when warm air temperatures and the cool lake waters create favorable conditions for tropospheric propagation.

## History

The original call letters were WRJN-FM, shared with its then-sister station. WRJN-FM began broadcasting August 26, 1948. It was licensed to Racine Broadcasting Corporation and owned by the publishers of the *Racine Journal Times*.

In early 1969, the owner of another Racine station, WRAC, purchased WRJN-FM for $60,000. A few months after the sale, the station became WRAC-FM.

In December 1970, WRAC-FM flipped to a rock-based Top 40 format with the WRKR call sign, primarily targeting Racine, Kenosha and the southern part of Milwaukee County. They were known at various times as *"The Rocker 100 FM"*, *"Hot 100"* and *"Hitradio 100"*. WRKR gradually started targeting the whole Milwaukee market. At one time, WRKR was the Milwaukee-area affiliate of *American Top 40* (which was also later carried by then-rival WKTI after it added the show in 1982).

Due to heavy Top 40 competition, WRKR began adding light R&B music around 1986, and for less than a year were called *"Heartbeat 101"* (WHBT-FM). WHBT-FM was the first "rhythmic adult contemporary" station in the country, 10 years before pioneer WAMG-FM flipped to the format. The WRKR call sign was reassigned by the FCC to a station in Kalamazoo, Michigan, about that time, where it remains today.

In September 1987, the station became new-age music-formatted WBZN-FM (*Breezin' 100.7*). The station flipped to urban contemporary on June 6, 1991, becoming WKKV-FM (*V-100 FM*).

After many years, the "Doug Banks Morning Show" ended in December 2007, and the station replaced him with Steve Harvey. After six years, Harvey was dropped in August 2013, and WKKV-FM became a charter affiliate of the New York-based *Breakfast Club* distributed in-house by iHeartRadio.

WKKV was home to the annual "Jam 4 Peace" concert for several years. The concert series caused political attention and action in the City of Milwaukee.

Slower R&B and classic soul was aired as part of a late night *Quiet Storm* block on weeknights during the 90s and 2000s.

WKKV DJs holds significant influence in the greater radio market. Bailey Coleman was a senior VP of Programming for iHeartMedia. Her show aired during the midday 10:00 a.m. to 2:00 p.m. time slot. Reggie Brown currently serves as the station's Program Director and has worked at the station for more than 20 years.

## HD Radio

On April 25, 2006, Clear Channel announced that WKKV's HD2 subchannel will carry a format focusing on gospel music. In the summer of 2009, the "Hallelujah" format was replaced by "All My Jams," an Adult Urban Contemporary format available through Clear Channel's iHeartRadio smartphone application.

On December 15, 2011, Clear Channel began airing the progressive talk programming of WXXM (92.1) from Sun Prairie/Madison on WKKV's HD3 subchannel, giving the Milwaukee market its first station in the format, albeit with no programming originating locally from Milwaukee. After WXXM ended that format in November 2016, WKKV-HD2 began to serve as an FM HD repeater of sports station WOKY (920). It again switched on November 30, 2018, with a move to soft adult contemporary, branded as "The Breeze"; the move of WOKY's local sports programming to WRNW's analog FM/HD1 subchannel made it all but redundant.

As of June 2023, WKKV does not broadcast a HD2 station. The station only broadcasts a HD1 simulcast of the primary station.

## InfoBox

WKKV-FM
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Broadcast area | Milwaukee metropolitan area |
| Frequency | 100.7 MHz (HD Radio) |
| Branding | *V-100.7* |
| Programming | |
| Format | Urban contemporary |
| Affiliations | Premiere Networks |
| Ownership | |
| Owner |  |
| Sister stations | WISN, WMIL-FM, WOKY, WRIT-FM, WRNW |
| History | |
| First air date | August 1948 (1948-08) (as WRJN-FM) |
| Former call signs | * WRJN-FM (1948–1969) * WRAC-FM (1969–1970) * WRKR (1970–1986) * WHBT-FM (1986–1987) * WBZN-FM (1987–1991) |
| Call sign meaning | "KK" likely for the Kinnickinnic River's common nickname, with the "V" a common branding for R&B and hip-hop stations |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 68758 |
| Class | B |
| ERP | 50,000 watts |
| HAAT | 152 meters (499 ft) |
| Transmitter coordinates | 42°48′18″N 88°02′53″W / 42.805°N 88.048°W / 42.805; -88.048 |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Webcast | Listen live (via iHeartRadio) |
| Website | v100.iheart.com |


title: WGNC (AM)

abstract: WGNC is a commercial AM radio station broadcasting a Talk and Sports radio format. It is licensed to Gastonia, North Carolina, and is owned by Scott Neisler. WGNC is powered at 1,000 watts, using a non-directional antenna. Programming is also heard on 220 watt FM translator W266DC in Gastonia, at 101.1 MHz.

text:
# WGNC (AM)

**WGNC** (1450 kHz) is a commercial AM radio station broadcasting a Talk and Sports radio format. It is licensed to Gastonia, North Carolina, and is owned by Scott Neisler.

WGNC is powered at 1,000 watts, using a non-directional antenna. Programming is also heard on 220 watt FM translator **W266DC** in Gastonia, at 101.1 MHz.

## Programming

Weekdays begin with a morning local news and information show, followed by syndicated talk shows from Glenn Beck and Dave Ramsey. World and national news are provided by CBS Radio News.

Nights and weekends feature sports programming from Fox Sports Radio. The station is an affiliate of the Atlanta Braves Radio Network. It is the largest radio affiliate network in Major League Baseball. WGNC also is an affiliate of the Washington Commanders Radio Network. Local high school football and college football games are also broadcast, along with games featuring the Gastonia Honey Hunters.

## History

Doug McSwain's father Pat McSwain started the AM station, WGNC, in 1939 and the FM station, WGNC-FM, in 1947 (now WBAV-FM). The younger McSwain was vice president and general manager of WGNC when the family sold both stations to Beasley Broadcast Group in 1986.

Six years after buying WCSL in Cherryville, Calvin Hastings bought WGNC and started KTC Broadcasting. In 1992 he bought WOHS in Shelby and began calling the three stations Piedmont Superstations.

WCSL, WGNC and WOHS began airing Atlanta Braves baseball in 1993. WGNC had served as the radio home of the Gastonia Rangers minor league team from 1990 to 1992.

On April 1, 1993, KTC took over WLON in Lincolnton in a lease agreement. WLON's Tim Biggerstaff remained as morning disc jockey, and his show was heard on all four KTC stations. Local news was expanded. The four stations aired UNC football and basketball, Dallas Cowboys and Washington Redskins NFL football, and CBS Radio coverage of such events as The World Series and The Super Bowl.

The four stations added the NFL Carolina Panthers when the team began playing in 1995. They also aired games of the NBA Charlotte Hornets In 2000, the stations began airing the Redskins again instead of the Panthers (WGNC aired the Panthers if there was no conflict).

Late in 1999, the four stations changed from country music to "super oldies." Biggerstaff, the program director, said country had moved away from its traditional sound. Lillie White remained as midday host, and Andy Foster was afternoon host. Local and sports remained important, and the stations aired the One on One Sports radio network at night.

In 2004, Biggerstaff was still hosting his show on WCSL and WLON despite diabetes-related health problems. Later he moved to Lincolnton-based Hometown Radio's Shelby operation. On WADA he played classic country music, and he hosted a "Swap Shop" show on WGNC and WOHS. By this time he had experienced a kidney transplant and two pancreas transplants. On Memorial Day 2007, while on the air, Biggerstaff had a seizure and asked for help on the air, and a listener called 911. He ended up being interviewed by BBC London, *Today* and *People Magazine*.

On Saturday, November 22, 2014, Sports on Tap with Kuveikis and The Dude debuted on WGNC. In the summer of 2016 WGNC added an FM translator on 101.1 MHz. On Saturday, August 20, 2016, The Sports Brunch w/ Mojo and Kuveikis debuted on WGNC. On Friday, February 3, 2017, WGNC became an affiliate for NBC Sports Radio.

As of February 2024, the AM signal appears to be off the air, due to lack of maintenance.

## InfoBox

WGNC
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Frequency | 1450 kHz |
| Programming | |
| Format | Talk and sports |
| Affiliations | Premiere Networks
Fox Sports Radio
CBS News Radio
Atlanta Braves Radio Network
Gastonia Honey Hunters
Washington Commanders Radio Network |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Scott Neisler |
| History | |
| Call sign meaning | W **G**astonia, **NC** |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 35657 |
| Class | C |
| Power | 1,000 watts unlimited |
| Transmitter coordinates | 35°16′32″N 81°12′04″W / 35.27556°N 81.20111°W / 35.27556; -81.20111 |
| Translator(s) | 101.1 W266DC (Gastonia) |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Webcast | Listen Live |
| Website | www.wgncradio.com |


title: WGNG

abstract: WGNG is a radio station licensed to Tchula, Mississippi, United States, with an urban contemporary format. The station is owned by Team Communications and serves the Greenville and Greenwood area. On June 1, 2008 the station flipped to Rhythmic contemporary, its first in north central Mississippi. On August 1, 2012 the station changed its format to urban contemporary.

text:
# WGNG

**WGNG** (106.3 FM) is a radio station licensed to Tchula, Mississippi, United States, with an urban contemporary format. The station is owned by Team Communications and serves the Greenville and Greenwood area. On June 1, 2008 the station flipped to Rhythmic contemporary, its first in north central Mississippi. On August 1, 2012 the station changed its format to urban contemporary.

33°18′07″N 90°07′30″W / 33.302°N 90.125°W / 33.302; -90.125

1. "Facility Technical Data for WGNG". *Licensing and Management System*. Federal Communications Commission.

## InfoBox

WGNG
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Broadcast area | Greenville-Greenwood, Mississippi |
| Frequency | 106.3 MHz (HD Radio) |
| Branding | *The Heat* |
| Programming | |
| Format | Urban contemporary |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Team Broadcasting Company |
| Sister stations | WGNL |
| History | |
| First air date | August 29, 1997 |
| Call sign meaning | **W** **G**reenville a**N**d **G**reenwood |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 77692 |
| Class | C3 |
| ERP | 7,100 watts |
| HAAT | 152 meters |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Website | http://104wgnl.com |


title: WHO Expert Committee on Leprosy

abstract: WHO Expert Committee on Leprosy is constituted by World Health Organization to study the worldwide progress of Leprosy.

text:
# WHO Expert Committee on Leprosy

**WHO Expert Committee on Leprosy** is constituted by World Health Organization to study the worldwide progress of Leprosy.

## Reports

* First report published as Technical Report Series No. 71 in 1954.
* Second report published as Technical Report Series No. 189 in 1960.
* Third report published as Technical Report Series No. 319 in 1966.
* Fourth report published as Technical Report Series No. 459 in 1970.
* Fifth report published as Technical Report Series No. 607 in 1977.
* Sixth report published as Technical Report Series No. 768 in 1988.
* Seventh report published as Technical Report Series No. 874 in 1998. They concluded that a single dose of a combination of rifampicin, ofloxacin and minocycline is an acceptable and cost-effective alternative regimen for the treatment of single-lesion paucibacillary leprosy and the duration of the standard regimen for multibacillary leprosy could be shortened to 12 months.
* Eighth report published as ISBN 978-92-4-120968-7 in 2012.


title: WKET

abstract: WKET is a radio station broadcasting an Album Oriented Rock format. Licensed to Kettering, Ohio, United States, it serves the Kettering area. The station is owned by Kettering City School District and is operated by the students at Kettering Fairmont High School. It was launched in May 1975 by Fairmont West students Matthew Smith and Chuck Hamlin.

text:
# WKET

**WKET** (98.3 FM) is a radio station broadcasting an Album Oriented Rock format. Licensed to Kettering, Ohio, United States, it serves the Kettering area. The station is owned by Kettering City School District and is operated by the students at Kettering Fairmont High School. It was launched in May 1975 by Fairmont West students Matthew Smith and Chuck Hamlin.

1. "Facility Technical Data for WKET". *Licensing and Management System*. Federal Communications Commission.

## InfoBox

WKET
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Broadcast area | Dayton |
| Frequency | 98.3 MHz |
| Programming | |
| Format | Album Oriented Rock |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Kettering City School District |
| History | |
| First air date | April 5, 1975 |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 34301 |
| Class | D |
| ERP | 13 watts |
| HAAT | 76 meters |
| Transmitter coordinates | 39°41′46″N 84°09′43″W / 39.69611°N 84.16194°W / 39.69611; -84.16194 |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |


title: WVVA

abstract: WVVA is a television station licensed to Bluefield, West Virginia, United States, serving the Bluefield–Beckley–Oak Hill market as an affiliate of NBC and The CW Plus. Owned by Gray Television, the station maintains studios on U.S. Route 460 in Bluefield, West Virginia, and its transmitter is located atop East River Mountain, near the West Virginia–Virginia border.

text:
# WVVA

**WVVA** (channel 6) is a television station licensed to Bluefield, West Virginia, United States, serving the Bluefield–BeckleyOak Hill market as an affiliate of NBC and The CW Plus. Owned by Gray Television, the station maintains studios on U.S. Route 460 in Bluefield, West Virginia, and its transmitter is located atop East River Mountain, near the West Virginia–Virginia border.

## History

The station went on the air on July 31, 1955, as WHIS-TV. It was named in honor of longtime West Virginia politician Hugh Ike Shott, who had died two years earlier. It was owned by the Shott family's Daily Telegraph Publishing Company, which owned the *Bluefield Daily Telegraph* along with WHIS radio (1440 AM and 98.7 FM, now WHAJ). Channel 6 signed on under the special commitment of a VHF allotment to Bluefield after the release of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC)'s *Sixth Report and Order* in 1952. Because of its proposed antenna height and location on East River Mountain, the channel 6 allocation in Bluefield was short-spaced to WATE-TV (also on channel 6) in Knoxville, Tennessee, and side-spaced to WCYB-TV (on adjacent channel 5) in Bristol, Virginia. As a result, the proposed station on the channel 6 frequency would therefore be limited to one-half of the visual maximum effective radiated power for analog channels 2 through 6, or 50,000 watts.

Unable to obtain a network feed, the Shotts were forced to construct a privately owned microwave relay system to receive NBC programming from WSLS-TV in Roanoke, Virginia, the closest and most accessible city receiving network signals via the AT&T Long Lines system. When it was completed in September WHIS-TV began carrying NBC programs, the first being *The Pinky Lee Show*. The station's operations were originally housed in the Bluefield Municipal Building; on January 1, 1967, the WHIS stations moved into new facilities on Big Laurel Highway (US 19460), known as "Broadcast Center," and channel 6 began full color operations.

For a long time, the WHIS stations were the only broadcasting outlets in Bluefield. Although the Shotts' media holdings were considered a monopoly by some (as highlighted in a July 1974 *Wall Street Journal* article), only the newspaper was a vehicle for their conservative political views. But in 1975, the FCC decreed that a single company could not own all of the media outlets in one area, and required several small-market broadcast-print combinations to be broken up by 1980. The Shotts opted to keep the *Daily Telegraph* and the radio stations and sell channel 6. In 1979, after four years of appeals, the Shotts sold WHIS-TV to Quincy, Illinois–based Quincy Newspapers. After the sale was completed, the new owners changed the station's call letters to WVVA (so as to comply with an FCC rule in effect at the time that required TV and radio stations in the same market, but with different ownership to use different call letters) on May 1, 1979; the call letters refer to the states that channel 6 serves, West Virginia and Virginia.

On February 17, 2009, WVVA switched to "Digital Nightlight" service on its analog signal showing information on the transition to exclusive digital television and its nightly 6 o'clock newscast. Post-transition digital operations continued on channel 46, remapping to virtual channel 6. The station's analog service was terminated altogether in late-April 2009.

On February 1, 2021, Gray Television announced its intent to purchase Quincy Media for $925 million. The acquisition was completed on August 2, making WVVA sister to Gray stations in nearby markets, including CBS affiliates WDBJ in Roanoke and WDTV in Clarksburg, ABC affiliate WHSV-TV in Harrisonburg and fellow NBC affiliates WSAZ-TV in HuntingtonCharleston, WTAP-TV in Parkersburg and WVIR-TV in Charlottesville. This leaves the WheelingSteubenville market and the portions of the Washington, D.C., and Pittsburgh markets that extend into West Virginia as the only parts of the state not covered by a Gray station (though Washington houses a national political bureau for Gray).

### WVVA-DT2

From 1995 until late 1998, The WB's programming was available in the Beckley–Bluefield–Oak Hill market via WGN-TV's national feed. The station launched in late-1998 as a cable-only station with the fictional call sign "WBB". It was a WB affiliate through The WB 100+ which was a similar operation to the current CW Plus service. "WBB" was identified on-air as "West Virginia's WB 18" (based on its channel location on cable). WVVA provided promotional and advertising services for this station. On January 24, 2006, it was announced that The WB and UPN would end broadcasting and merge to form a new combined service, which would be called The CW. The letters would represent the first initial of corporate parents CBS (the parent company of UPN) and the Warner Bros. unit of Time Warner.

When The CW launched on September 18, "WBB" was added to a new second digital subchannel of WVVA to offer non-cable subscribers access to the network. At this point, it began using the WVVA-DT2 calls in an official manner. For a few weeks during the summer of 2007, WVVA produced a weeknight prime time newscast at 10 on WVVA-DT2. Airing for thirty minutes, the show featured news anchor Erica Greenway (no longer with station), chief meteorologist Corey Henderson, and sports director P. J. Ziegler (now with WJW in Cleveland). It is unknown why the program was dropped after such a short run.

## Newscasts

WVVA remains one of the strongest NBC affiliates in the country and continually averages high Nielsen rating shares in the mountainous nine county market. WVVA began broadcasting local newscasts in high definition from a totally renovated studio with new sets as well as a new control room in June 2012. In addition to its main studios, WVVA operates a Beckley Bureau (on Main Street along North Kanawha Street/WV 210) and a "virtual" Greenbrier Valley Bureau (covering Summers, Monroe, and Greenbrier counties in West Virginia as well as Giles County, Virginia).

## Subchannels

The station's signal is multiplexed:

Subchannels of WVVA
| Channel | Res. | Aspect | Short name | Programming |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 6.1 | 1080i | 16:9 | WVVANBC | NBC |
| 6.2 | | 720p | WVVACW | The CW Plus |
| 6.3 | | 480i | WWVAME | MeTV |
| | | 6.4 | COURTTV | Court TV |
| | | 6.5 | START | Start TV |
| | | 6.6 |  | The365 |

WVVA currently has a construction permit for a digital fill-in translator on channel 43 from a transmitter near Layland. This will have the same call sign as the main signal and primarily serve the northern portion of the market.

## InfoBox

WVVA
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| City | Bluefield, West Virginia |
| Channels |  |
| Branding | * WVVA * Two Virginias' CW 6.2 (on DT2) * MeTV Two Virginias' (on DT3) |
| Programming | |
| Affiliations |  |
| Ownership | |
| Owner |  |
| History | |
| Founded | October 29, 1954 |
| First air date | July 31, 1955 (1955-07-31) |
| Former call signs | WHIS-TV (1955–1979) |
| Former channel number(s) | * **Analog:** 6 (VHF, 1955–2009) * **Digital:** 46 (UHF, 2001–2019) |
| Call sign meaning | Postal abbreviations of West Virginia and Virginia |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 74176 |
| ERP | 545 kW |
| HAAT | 370 m (1,214 ft) |
| Transmitter coordinates | 37°15′21.1″N 81°10′53.3″W / 37.255861°N 81.181472°W / 37.255861; -81.181472 |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Website | www.wvva.com |


title: WTIC-FM

abstract: WTIC-FM is a commercial radio station in Hartford, Connecticut. It is owned by Audacy, Inc. and broadcasts a hot adult contemporary radio format. The station's studios and offices are located on Executive Drive in Farmington. WTIC-FM has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 20,000 watts, with its signal heard throughout most of Connecticut and into Western Massachusetts. Its transmitter is located off Deercliff Road in Avon, the same site as sister station WTIC (AM) and former co-owned TV station WFSB. WTIC-FM broadcasts in the HD Radio (hybrid) format. The HD2 subchannel carries the news/talk format of WTIC (AM).

text:
# WTIC-FM

**WTIC-FM** (96.5 MHz) is a commercial radio station in Hartford, Connecticut. It is owned by Audacy, Inc. and broadcasts a hot adult contemporary radio format. The station's studios and offices are located on Executive Drive in Farmington.

WTIC-FM has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 20,000 watts, with its signal heard throughout most of Connecticut and into Western Massachusetts. Its transmitter is located off Deercliff Road in Avon, the same site as sister station WTIC (AM) and former co-owned TV station WFSB. WTIC-FM broadcasts in the HD Radio (hybrid) format. The HD2 subchannel carries the news/talk format of WTIC (AM).

## History

### Early years

WTIC-FM is the second oldest FM station in Hartford, after WHCN. They were the only pre-World War II FM stations in Connecticut, with WTIC-FM signing on the air originally as W1XSO on February 5, 1940, and using a frequency of 43.5 MHz. In December 1941, it became a commercial operation using the call sign W53H. In 1943, the call letters were changed to WTIC-FM, representing its original owner, The Travelers Insurance Company. On April 17, 1948, the station moved to 96.5 MHz where it has remained to this day.

It mostly simulcast WTIC in its early years, carrying WTIC's local shows and NBC Radio Network programming, during the 1940s and 1950s. Just like their AM sister station, it carried NBC's dramas, comedies, news, sports, soap operas, game shows and big band broadcasts during the "Golden Age of Radio". As network programming moved from radio to television in the 1950s, WTIC-AM-FM switched to a full service, middle of the road format of popular music, news and sports. During the 1960s, WTIC-FM broke away from its AM counterpart for most of the day, playing classical music. In the early 1970s, it ran beautiful music by day and classical music at night.

### Hot Hits

In 1974, Travelers Insurance sold the TV station to Post-Newsweek Stations while the radio stations were sold to a group of their managers, going by the name "The 1080 Corporation". On May 12, 1977, WTIC-FM made a dramatic switch by flipping to a Top 40CHR format, as "Hot Hits". The station was consulted by Mike Joseph who installed a playlist of all current hits, the 30 to 40 songs on the current charts were repeated frequently, with upbeat DJs and numerous jingles by TM Studios. Once a Hot Hit fell off the charts, even million-sellers, it was not played anymore. After a couple of years, WTIC-FM moved to a more conventional Top 40/CHR direction.

### Hot AC

From the mid-1980s to the early 1990s, WTIC-FM was locked in a Top 40/CHR battle with WKSS, which had converted from an easy listening station. WTIC-FM management decided not to aim as young as WKSS, removing the rap music and other harder edged songs from its playlist, switching to its current hot AC format on June 15, 1994. Initially, the station's playlist moved a bit softer; since then, the hot AC format as a whole has embraced more upbeat music, and so has the station. Since its days as a Top 40/CHR station in 1977, WTIC-FM has referred to itself on the air variously as "Your Music Connection 96 TICS WTIC FM", "96 TICS WTIC-FM", "Hot Hits! 96 TICS WTIC-FM", "96 TIC-FM", and "The New 96.5 TIC-FM".

In 1998, WTIC-AM-FM were acquired by Infinity Broadcasting, which was renamed CBS Radio in December 2005. CBS also acquired then-adult contemporary station WZMX (now rhythmic contemporary) and adult contemporary WRCH. On February 2, 2017, CBS Radio announced it would merge with Entercom. The merger was approved on November 9, 2017, and was consummated on November 17.

## InfoBox

WTIC-FM
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Broadcast area | Greater Hartford |
| Frequency | 96.5 MHz (HD Radio) |
| Branding | *96.5 TIC* |
| Programming | |
| Language(s) | English |
| Format | Hot adult contemporary |
| Subchannels | HD2: Talk radio (WTIC) |
| Ownership | |
| Owner |  |
| Sister stations |  |
| History | |
| First air date | February 5, 1940 (1940-02-05) |
| Former call signs | * W1XSO (1940–1941) * W53H (1941–1943) |
| Former frequencies | * 43.5 MHz (1940–1941) * 45.3 MHz (1941–1948) |
| Call sign meaning | Travelers Insurance Company (former owner) |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 66465 |
| Class | B |
| ERP | 20,000 watts |
| HAAT | 247 meters (810 ft) |
| Transmitter coordinates | 41°46′26″N 72°48′18″W / 41.774°N 72.805°W / 41.774; -72.805 |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Webcast | Listen live (via Audacy) |
| Website | www.audacy.com/965tic |


title: WXW Hardcore Championship

abstract: This is a chronological list of WXW Hardcore Champions. The WXW Hardcore Championship is a professional wrestling title created in 1996 as part of Top Rope Productions and World Xtreme Wrestling when the promotion was renamed in 1998.

text:
# WXW Hardcore Championship

This is a chronological **list of WXW Hardcore Champions**. The **WXW Hardcore Championship** is a professional wrestling title created in 1996 as part of Top Rope Productions and World Xtreme Wrestling when the promotion was renamed in 1998.

## Title history

| Wrestlers: | Times: | Date: | Location: | Notes: |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Billy Owens | 1 | January 14, 2000 | Plymouth, PA | Defeated The Mad Russian in a singles match to become the first recognized WXW Hardcore Champion. |
| Afa, Jr. | 1 | February 5, 2000 | Hazleton, PA |  |
| Lucifer Grimm | 2 | March 25, 2000 | Allentown, PA |  |
| Moondog Wenzel | 1 | June 2, 2000 | Hazleton, PA | Title later vacated. |
| Nicky Ice | 1 | February 11, 2001 | Allentown, PA | Won a battle royal to win the vacant title. |
| Tommy Suede | 1 | February 11, 2001 | Allentown, PA |  |
| Nicky Ice | 2 | February 11, 2001 | Allentown, PA | Won a battle royal to win the vacant title. |
|
| *Supreme Lee Great is awarded the title after a pinning Nicky Ice during a match against Lucifer Grimm match on February 24, 2001. However the title is returned to Nicky Ice by Commissioner Lotto Money on March 9, 2001.* | | | | |
| Latin Xplosion | 1 | April 8, 2001 | Allentown, PA |  |
| Lucifer Grimm | 3 | May 27, 2001 | Allentown, PA |  |
| The Mad Russian | 1 | June 17, 2001 | Allentown, PA |  |
| Malachi | 1 | August 7, 2001 | Hazleton, PA | Defeated The Mad Russian in a three way match with Billy Dream. |
| Eric Cobain | 1 | December 15, 2001 | Hazleton, PA |  |
| Malachi | 2 | December 15, 2001 | Hazleton, PA |  |
|
| *Although Malachi loses the title to Jersey Devil in Hazleton, Pennsylvania on January 4, 2002, the title is returned to Malachi after Jersey Devil leaves the promotion.* | | | | |
| Kid Inferno | 1 | April 21, 2002 | Allentown, PA |  |
| Malachi | 3 | April 21, 2002 | Allentown, PA |  |
| Afa, Jr. | 2 | June 2, 2002 | Bethlehem, PA |  |
| Sugaa | 1 | June 2, 2002 | Bethlehem, PA |  |
| Afa, Jr. | 3 | June 2, 2002 | Bethlehem, PA |  |
| Sugaa | 2 | June 2, 2002 | Bethlehem, PA |  |
| Malachi | 4 | June 2, 2002 | Bethlehem, PA |  |
| Sugaa | 3 | July 12, 2002 | Allentown, PA | Sugaa is later forced to vacated the title due to injury. |
| Crazy Ivan | 1 | April 26, 2003 | Hazleton, PA | Defeated Boogaloo in a tournament final to win the vacant title. |
| Jayson | 1 | July 11, 2003 | Allentown, PA | Defeated Crazy Ivan in a three Way match with Boogalou to win the title. |
|
| *Jayson is later stripped of the title after failing to defend the title within 30 days and the WXW Hardcore Championship is vacated on August 11, 2003. The title subsequently remains inactive.* | | | | |


title: WXEX

abstract:
WXEX may refer to:
  - WPKC (AM), a radio station licensed to Exeter, New Hampshire, United States, which held the call sign WXEX from 2009 to 2023
  - WPKC-FM, a radio station licensed to Sanford, Maine, United States, which held the call sign WXEX-FM from 2011 to 2023
  - WEAN-FM, a radio station licensed to Wakefield-Peacedale, Rhode Island, United States, which held the call sign WXEX from 1997 to 1999
  - WRIC-TV, a television station licensed to Petersburg, Virginia, United States, which held the call sign WXEX-TV from 1955 to 1990

text:
# WXEX

**WXEX** may refer to:

* WPKC (AM), a radio station (1540 AM) licensed to Exeter, New Hampshire, United States, which held the call sign WXEX from 2009 to 2023
* WPKC-FM, a radio station (92.1 FM) licensed to Sanford, Maine, United States, which held the call sign WXEX-FM from 2011 to 2023
* WEAN-FM, a radio station (99.7 FM) licensed to Wakefield-Peacedale, Rhode Island, United States, which held the call sign WXEX from 1997 to 1999
* WRIC-TV, a television station (channel 22) licensed to Petersburg, Virginia, United States, which held the call sign WXEX-TV from 1955 to 1990


title: WWE Hall of Fame (2009)

abstract: WWE Hall of Fame (2009) was the event which featured the introduction of the 10th class to the WWE Hall of Fame. The event was produced by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) on April 4, 2009, from the Toyota Center in Houston, Texas. The event took place the same weekend as WrestleMania 25. The event was hosted by Jerry Lawler and Todd Grisham. The ceremony aired later that evening on the USA Network. In March 2015 the ceremony was added to the WWE Network.

text:
# WWE Hall of Fame (2009)

**WWE Hall of Fame (2009)** was the event which featured the introduction of the 10th class to the WWE Hall of Fame. The event was produced by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) on April 4, 2009, from the Toyota Center in Houston, Texas. The event took place the same weekend as WrestleMania 25. The event was hosted by Jerry Lawler and Todd Grisham. The ceremony aired later that evening on the USA Network. In March 2015 the ceremony was added to the WWE Network.

## Inductees

### Individual

* *Class headliners appear in **boldface***

| Image | Ring name
(Birth Name) | Inducted by | WWE recognized accolades |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Stone Cold Steve Austin**
(Steven Anderson) | Vince McMahon | Six-time WWF Champion
Two-time WWF Intercontinental Champion
Two-time WCW United States Heavyweight Champion
Two-time WCW World Television Champion
Four-time WWF Tag Team Champion
One-time WCW World Tag Team Champion
One-time NWA World Tag Team Champion
1996 King of the Ring
A record three-time Royal Rumble winner (1997, 1998, 2001) |
|  | Ricky "The Dragon" Steamboat
(Richard Blood) | Ric Flair | One-time NWA World Heavyweight Champion
Four-time NWA/WCW United States Heavyweight Champion
One-time WWF Intercontinental Heavyweight Champion |
|  | "Cowboy" Bill Watts | Jim Ross | Former wrestling promoter in the mid-south United States
One-time WWWF United States Tag Team Champion and held over 20 NWA regional championships |
|  | Howard Finkel | Gene Okerlund | WWE ring announcer since 1977 and first employee hired by the WWE in 1975
Credited with inventing the term Wrestlemania and also giving Ricky Steamboat his "Dragon" ringname |
|  | Koko B. Ware
(James Ware) | The Honky Tonk Man | Held several NWA regional championships |
|

### Groups

| Image | Group | Inducted by | WWE recognized accolades |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **The Funks** | Dusty Rhodes | Held several tag team championships, including the NWA International Tag Team Championship on three occasions |
| | Terry Funk – one-time NWA World Heavyweight Champion, two-time ECW World Heavyweight Champion and one-time WWF Tag Team Champion.
Dory Funk Jr. – one-time NWA World Heavyweight Champion | | | |
|  | **The Von Erichs** | Michael Hayes | Noted wrestling family that spent many years wrestling in World Class Championship Wrestling (WCCW)
Various combinations of the family held several NWA regional and WCCW tag team championships, including the WCCW World Tag Team and World Six-Man Tag Team Championship |
| Fritz Von Erich (Jack Adkisson) – Posthumous inductee: Founder and longtime owner of WCCW, one-time AWA World Heavyweight Champion and 16-time NWA American Heavyweight Champion (later renamed the WCCW World Heavyweight Championship).
Kevin Von Erich (Kevin Adkisson) – Six-time NWA American/WCCW World Heavyweight Champion.
David Von Erich (David Adkisson) – Posthumous inductee: Eight-time NWA Texas Heavyweight Champion.
Kerry Von Erich (Kerry Adkisson) – Posthumous inductee: One-time NWA World Heavyweight Champion, nine-time NWA American/WCCW World Heavyweight Champion. Wrestled in WWF as "The Texas Tornado" where he was a one-time WWF Intercontinental Champion.
Mike Von Erich (Michael Adkisson) – Posthumous inductee: One-time NWA American Heavyweight Champion.
Chris Von Erich (Chris Adkisson) – Posthumous inductee: Wrestled and worked several backstage jobs for WCCW | | | |
|

## InfoBox

| WWE Hall of Fame (2009) | |
| --- | --- |
| The WWE Hall of Fame Class of 2009 and their inductors | |
| Promotion | WWE |
| Date | April 4, 2009 |
| City | Houston, Texas |
| Venue | Toyota Center |
| WWE Hall of Fame chronology | |
| **Previous**
2008 **Next**
2010 | |


title: Wade Huntley

abstract: Wade Huntley is an American activist. He graduated from the University of California, Berkeley, in 1993. He has taught and written about international relations theory and nuclear disarmament. He was an associate professor at the Hiroshima Peace Institute in Hiroshima, Japan. He was the Program Director at the Simons Centre for Disarmament and Non-Proliferation Research, based within the Liu Institute for Global Studies, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. He is currently on the faculty of the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California. Huntley specializes in the North Korean nuclear crisis, and is frequently quoted in the mainstream media as an expert on the subject. He has also spoken as part of the US Navy's Regional Security Education Program.

text:
# Wade Huntley

**Wade Huntley** is an American activist. He graduated from the University of California, Berkeley, in 1993. He has taught and written about international relations theory and nuclear disarmament. He was an associate professor at the Hiroshima Peace Institute in Hiroshima, Japan. He was the Program Director at the Simons Centre for Disarmament and Non-Proliferation Research, based within the Liu Institute for Global Studies, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. He is currently on the faculty of the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California.

Huntley specializes in the North Korean nuclear crisis, and is frequently quoted in the mainstream media as an expert on the subject. He has also spoken as part of the US Navy's Regional Security Education Program.


title: Wabash Railroad Bridge

abstract: The Wabash Railroad Bridge is a historic structure located south of Pella, Iowa, United States. It spans the Des Moines River for 561 feet (171 m). The Des Moines and St. Louis Railroad (D&S) was built through the central part of Marion County in 1882. This bridge was probably built at that time. It is a three span, wrought iron, Pratt through truss manufactured by the Carnegie Steel Company. The Wabash, St. Louis and Pacific Railroad, the Wabash Railroad, eventually acquired the D&S and this bridge. It remained in use as a railroad bridge until about 1946 when the county acquired the bridge and the right-of-way for a county road. They rehabilitated it in 1951, replacing part of the substructure. The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.

text:
# Wabash Railroad Bridge

The **Wabash Railroad Bridge** is a historic structure located south of Pella, Iowa, United States. It spans the Des Moines River for 561 feet (171 m). The Des Moines and St. Louis Railroad (D&S) was built through the central part of Marion County in 1882. This bridge was probably built at that time. It is a three span, wrought iron, Pratt through truss manufactured by the Carnegie Steel Company. The Wabash, St. Louis and Pacific Railroad, the Wabash Railroad, eventually acquired the D&S and this bridge. It remained in use as a railroad bridge until about 1946 when the county acquired the bridge and the right-of-way for a county road. They rehabilitated it in 1951, replacing part of the substructure. The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Wabash Railroad Bridge | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | 216th Pl. over the Des Moines River |
| Nearest city | Pella, Iowa |
| Coordinates | 41°20′29″N 92°56′26″W / 41.34139°N 92.94056°W / 41.34139; -92.94056 |
| Area | less than one acre |
| Built | 1882 |
| Architect | Wabash Railroad |
| Architectural style | Pratt through truss |
| MPS | Highway Bridges of Iowa MPS |
| NRHP reference No. | 98000501 |
| Added to NRHP | May 15, 1998 |


title: WVOH-FM

abstract: WVOH-FM is a radio station licensed in Nicholls, Georgia, United States. The station was owned by John Hulett until the summer of 2008 when it was purchased by Broadcast South, LLC. The station changed its format to classic hits on September 29, 2008, became 93.5 "The Eagle" in 2011, then jumped to contemporary hit radio with "VibeFM" on January 5, 2018.

text:
# WVOH-FM

**WVOH-FM** (93.5 FM) is a radio station licensed in Nicholls, Georgia, United States. The station was owned by John Hulett until the summer of 2008 when it was purchased by Broadcast South, LLC. The station changed its format to classic hits on September 29, 2008, became 93.5 "The Eagle" in 2011, then jumped to contemporary hit radio with "VibeFM" on January 5, 2018.

## InfoBox

WVOH-FM
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Broadcast area | Douglas, Georgia |
| Frequency | 93.5 MHz |
| Branding | *93.5 VIBE FM* |
| Programming | |
| Format | Contemporary hit radio |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Broadcast South, LLC |
| Sister stations |  |
| History | |
| First air date | 1975 (1975) |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 30658 |
| Class | C2 |
| ERP | 50,000 watts |
| HAAT | 136.3 meters |
| Transmitter coordinates | 31°29′8.60″N 82°41′28.10″W / 31.4857222°N 82.6911389°W / 31.4857222; -82.6911389 |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Webcast | Listen Live |
| Website | 935vibefm.com |


title: WVOE

abstract: WVOE is a radio station broadcasting a Gospel music and Urban Adult Contemporary format. Licensed to Chadbourn, North Carolina in the United States. The station is owned by Ebony Enterprises. WVOE first signed on in 1962 and is the oldest African American owned radio station in the South. In 2019, the building and equipment were in bad shape and few people were listening to AM radio. The station was in danger of going off the air but turned to GoFundMe to keep it going.

text:
# WVOE

**WVOE** (1590 AM) is a radio station broadcasting a Gospel music and Urban Adult Contemporary format. Licensed to Chadbourn, North Carolina in the United States. The station is owned by Ebony Enterprises. WVOE first signed on in 1962 and is the oldest African American owned radio station in the South.

In 2019, the building and equipment were in bad shape and few people were listening to AM radio. The station was in danger of going off the air but turned to GoFundMe to keep it going.

## InfoBox

WVOE-AM
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Broadcast area | Wilmington, North Carolina |
| Frequency | 1590 kHz |
| Branding | *WVOE 1590* |
| Programming | |
| Format | Gospel music/Urban Adult Contemporary |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Ebony Enterprises |
| History | |
| First air date | 1962 |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Class | D |
| Power | 1000 watts daytime |
| Transmitter coordinates | 34°21′05″N 78°50′38″W / 34.35139°N 78.84389°W / 34.35139; -78.84389 |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |


title: Von Keudell

abstract: The Von Keudell is the name of an old German noble family, originated in Hesse, Germany.

text:
# Von Keudell

The **Von Keudell** is the name of an old German noble family, originated in Hesse, Germany.

## History

The family first appeared in written documents in 1227 with Ritter *Albertus Kedel*, but the first known progenitor of this noble house was *Rudolf Keudell zu Schwebda*. The family consisted of several lines, elder line in Falken and younger ones in Schwenda and in Hildebrandshausen. Its members distinguished themselves as politicians, diplomats, artists and officers within the German Empire.

## Notable members


title: Three man

abstract: Three man is a drinking game played with two dice. It can be played with at least three people but some consider it better with around five.

text:
# Three man

**Three man** (also referred to as **Mr. Three**, **hat man** or **the trifecta**) is a drinking game played with two dice. It can be played with at least three people but some consider it better with around five.

## Rules

A random player is chosen to be the "three man", and may be given a hat to wear to signify this role. Players then take turns around the table to roll two six-sided dice, with one version of the rules stating the following effects:

Threes For a roll that totals 3, or shows 3 on one of its dice, the three man must take a drink. Sevens For any roll that totals 7, the person to the left of roller drinks. (If a 3-4 is rolled, "three man" must also drink.) Tens Any roll that totals 10 is called a "social": all players drink. Elevens For any roll that totals 11, the person to the right of roller drinks. Doubles Whenever a double is rolled, the roller may pass the dice to one or two other players, who roll the dice and apply the result. If this results in another double, the original roller must drink the sum of the dice.

If a roll meets none of these criteria, the player's turn is over.

The role of the three man may change during the game. Some versions of the game allow the three man to pass their role on after taking a drink under the "threes" rule, others have the three man lose their role upon rolling "threes" themselves, with the next person to roll "threes" becoming the new three man.

## Variations

In the "doubles" variation, whoever rolls doubles (Player A) can "give" them to another player (Player B), who then rolls both the dice to see how many times they must drink. If B rolls doubles, the dice are returned to A, who must roll and drink twice as many times as the value that they roll (e.g., if A rolls 3 and 2, A must drink 10 times).

In the "party foul" variant, if the dice fall off the table, the player drinks for each fallen die. When a "sloppy jalopy" rule is applied, the player with fallen dice is loudly admonished as a "sloppy jalopy" and immediately becomes the new three man.

One version includes special effects for any roll of 1:

* 1 and 1 follow the usual rules for passing off doubles.
* 1 and 2 makes the roller the three man.
* 1 and 3 makes the three man drink (as with any roll of a 3).
* 1 and 4 thumb to table or floor: last player to place his/her thumb must drink.
* 1 and 5 turn ends.
* When a 1 and 6 is rolled, the player to the left drinks.

Another house rule is a "bathroom penalty": if a player is in the bathroom when it is their turn to roll, they must take a drink for every 5 seconds they are late in returning.

In an Australian version of this game the rules are as follows:

* 1+1: New Rule (You make a rule affecting the current game, little green man,<sup>\[5\]</sup> Nicknames etc)
* 1+2: 3 man (You are the three man; put on a hat, every time a three is on the dice drink, remains until someone else rolls this)
* 2-2 3-3 4-4 5-5 6-6 (doubles): Choose a person to fill their drink and finish their drink.
* 7 or 11: Choose a person to fill their drink and finish their drink. If someone has a double, seven or eleven they roll as soon as the person touches the cup and if they get a 7, 11, or double the person must repeat. If a player touches the dice before that, they must finish their drink. On the third time this is rolled, the roller must finish their drink.
* 9: Busta Rhyme (Make up one line of a rhyme, go around table, loser drinks)
* 10: Categories (Select a category, go around the table until someone misses out they drink)

Other rules require the roller to drink on an 11, or the player to the right to drink on a 9. One variant says that on rolling a five, the player must high-five the three man.

## InfoBox

Three man
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Genres | Drinking |
| Players | 3+ |
| Setup time | 0 |
| Playing time | varies |


title: Trimarco v. Klein

abstract: Trimarco v. Klein Ct. of App. of N.Y., 56 N.Y.2d 98, 436 N.E.2d 502 (1982) is a 1982 decision by the New York Court of Appeals dealing with the use of custom in determining whether a person acted reasonably given the situation. It is commonly studied in introductory U.S. tort law classes.

text:
# Trimarco v. Klein

***Trimarco v. Klein*** Ct. of App. of N.Y., 56 N.Y.2d 98, 436 N.E.2d 502 (1982) is a 1982 decision by the New York Court of Appeals dealing with the use of custom in determining whether a person acted reasonably given the situation. It is commonly studied in introductory U.S. tort law classes.

## Facts

Trimarco (P) appealed an order which reversed a judgment in favor of P and dismissed P's complaint in a negligence action for personal injuries.

P was severely injured when he fell through the glass door enclosing his tub in his apartment he was renting. It was not possible for P or his wife to determine if the glass was tempered or just ordinary glass. After the accident, the glass was found to be just ordinary glass. P sued Klein (D), his landlord, for the injuries. At trial, P introduced expert evidence about the custom and usage of tempered glass from 1956 to 1976. Since at least the early 1950s, a practice of using shatterproof glazing materials for bathroom enclosures had come into common use, so that by 1976 the glass door here no longer conformed to accepted safety standards. P also showed that over this period bulletins of nationally recognized safety and consumer organizations along with official Federal publications had joined in warning of the dangers that lurked when plain glass was utilized in "hazardous locations", including "bathtub enclosures". Over objection, the trial court also allowed in sections of New York's General Business Law, which, as of July 1, 1973, required, on pain of criminal sanctions, that only "safety glazing material" be used in all bathroom enclosures. D's managing agent admitted that, since at least 1965, it was customary for landlords who had occasion to install glass for shower enclosures, to replace the glass with "some material such as plastic or safety glass". P was given the verdict by the jury. The appellate division reversed the decision awarding P damages; D was under no common law duty to replace the glass unless he had prior notice of the danger. P appealed. The Court of Appeals reversed and ordered a new trial.

## Judgment

The question asked was, does custom and usage per se fix the scope of the reasonable person standard? The response of the court was, custom and usage is highly relevant evidence related to the reasonable person standard but it does not per se define the scope of negligence.

Judge Jacob D. Fuchsberg gave the following decision.

> Does custom and usage per se fix the scope of the reasonable person standard? No. Custom and usage is part of the reasonable person standard to show what ought to be done. When "certain dangers have been removed by a customary way of doing things safely, this custom may be proved to show that \[the one charged with the dereliction\] has fallen below the required standard." This evidence and proof must bear on what is reasonable conduct under all the circumstances, the quintessential test of negligence. When proof of an accepted practice is accompanied by evidence that the defendant conformed to it, this may establish due care. When proof of a customary practice is coupled with a showing that it was ignored and that this departure was a proximate cause of the accident, it may serve to establish liability. Proof of a common practice aids in "\[formulating\] the general expectation of society as to how individuals will act in the course of their undertakings, and thus to guide the common sense or expert intuition of a jury or commission when called on to judge of particular conduct under particular circumstances." Custom and usage reflects the judgment and experience and conduct of many. Customary practice and usage need be universal to be relevant to a determination of the duty of care. It suffices that it be fairly well defined and in the same calling or business so that "the actor may be charged with knowledge of it or negligent ignorance." Even so a common practice or usage is still not necessarily a conclusive or even a compelling test of negligence. The jury must still be satisfied with the reasonableness of the behavior which adhered to the custom or the unreasonableness of that which did not. As Holmes expressed it, "what usually is done may be evidence of what ought to be done, but what ought to be done is fixed by a standard of reasonable prudence, whether it usually is complied with or not." P presented more than an abundance of evidence to the jury to reach and sustain the verdict they passed down. The trial judge properly framed that evidence when he instructed the jury that the evidence only was to be received regarding the reasonableness of the conduct under all the circumstances. The court reversed the dismissal of the trial (from the appellate level), but ordered a new trial because the trial judge had erroneously admitted certain evidence.

Custom and usage evidence is highly relevant to a determination of whether an actor used reasonable care under the circumstances. Such evidence tends to show that taking the omitted precaution that resulted in harm was technologically and economically feasible and that the harm itself was foreseeable. Custom and usage evidence is not treated as negligence per se: the jury or fact finder must still determine if the custom and usage is reasonable. Thus, custom and usage are merely evidence of what ought to be done (often highly persuasive evidence), but evidence of custom and usage must still be reconciled with the reasonable person standard. Custom and usage are not conclusive evidence of negligence.

T.J.Hooper, 60 F.2d 737 (2d Cir. 1932) (opinion by Judge Learned Hand).

Text of Trimarco v. Klein is available from: Leagle

## InfoBox

| Trimarco v. Klein | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Court | New York Court of Appeals |
| Full case name | *Vincent N. Trimarco et al., Appellants, v. Irving Klein et al., Individually and as Copartners Doing Business as Glenbriar Company, Respondents.* |
| Decided | May 20, 1982 (1982-05-20) |
| Citation | 436 N.E.2d 502; 56 N.Y.2d 98 |
| Court membership | |
| Judges sitting | Lawrence H. Cooke, Matthew J. Jasen, Domenick L. Gabrielli, Hugh R. Jones, Sol Wachtler, Jacob D. Fuchsberg, Bernard S. Meyer |
| Case opinions | |
| Majority | Fuchsberg, joined by Cooke, Jasen, Gabrielli, Jones, Wachtler, Meyer |
| Keywords | |
|  | |


title: PEN Hessell-Tiltman Prize

abstract: The PEN Hessell-Tiltman Prize is awarded to the best work of non-fiction of historical content covering a period up to and including World War II, and published in the year of the award. The books are to be of high literary merit, but not primarily academic. The prize is organized by the English PEN. Marjorie Hessell-Tiltman was a member of PEN during the 1960s and 1970s; on her death in 1999 she bequeathed £100,000 to the PEN Literary Foundation to found a prize in her name. Each year's winner receives £2,000. The award is one of many PEN awards sponsored by PEN International affiliates in over 145 PEN centres around the world.

text:
# PEN Hessell-Tiltman Prize

The **PEN Hessell-Tiltman Prize** is awarded to the best work of non-fiction of historical content covering a period up to and including World War II, and published in the year of the award. The books are to be of high literary merit, but not primarily academic. The prize is organized by the English PEN. Marjorie Hessell-Tiltman was a member of PEN during the 1960s and 1970s; on her death in 1999 she bequeathed £100,000 to the PEN Literary Foundation to found a prize in her name. Each year's winner receives £2,000.

The award is one of many PEN awards sponsored by PEN International affiliates in over 145 PEN centres around the world.

## Winners and shortlist

A blue ribbon () denotes the winner.

### 2000s

#### 2002

#### 2003

#### 2004

#### 2005

#### 2006

#### 2007

#### 2008

* Mark Mazower, *Hitler's Empire: Nazi Rule in Occupied Europe*
* Philipp Blom, *The Vertigo Years: Change and Culture in the West 1900–1914*
* Leo Hollis, *The Phoenix: St Paul's Cathedral and the Men Who Made Modern London*
* Frederick Spotts, *The Shameful Peace: How French Artists and Intellectuals Survived the Nazi Occupation*
* Clair Wills, *That Neutral Island*

#### 2009

* Mark Thompson, *The White War: Life & Death on the Italian Front 1915–1919*

### 2010s

#### 2010

#### 2011

* Amanda Foreman, *A World on Fire: an Epic History of Two Nations Divided*
* Philip Mansel, *Levant: Splendour and Catastrophe in the Mediterranean*
* Roger Moorhouse, *Berlin at War: Life and Death in Hitler's Capital 1939–1945*
* Toby Wilkinson, *The Rise and Fall of Ancient Egypt: the History of a Civilisation from 3000 BC to Cleopatra*

#### 2012

#### 2013

#### 2014

#### 2015

* Mark Bostridge, *The Fateful Year: England 1914*
* Jessie Childs, *God's Traitors: Terror and Faith in Elizabethan England*
* Ronald Hutton, *Pagan Britain*
* Robert Tombs, *The English and Their History*
* Jenny Uglow, *In These Times: Living in Britain through Napoleon's Wars*

#### 2016

#### 2017

The shortlist was announced 7 June 2017. The winner was announced 10 July.

#### 2018

The shortlist was announced 22 March 2018. The winner was announced 24 June 2018.

#### 2019

The winner was announced 4 December 2019.

* Edward Wilson-Lee, *The Catalogue of Shipwrecked Books: Young Columbus and the Quest for a Universal Library*

### 2020s

#### 2020

The shortlist was announced on 29 October 2020. The winner was announced on 1 December 2020.

#### 2021

The shortlist was announced on 14 October 2021 and the winner on 7 December.

#### 2022

The shortlist was announced on 7 October 2022.

#### 2023

The shortlist was announced on thursday, November 2nd, 2023.

* Aviah Sarah Day and Shanice Octavia McBean, *Abolition Revolution* (Pluto Press)

* Anna Della Subin, *Accidental Gods: On Race, Empire and Men Unwittingly Turned Divine* (Granta)

* Calum Jacobs, *A New Formation: How Black Footballers Shaped the Modern Game* (Merky Books)

* Philippe Sands,*The Last Colony: A Tale of Exile, Justice and Britain’s Colonial Legacy* (Weidenfeld and Nicolson)

* Julieann Campbell,*On Bloody Sunday: A New History Of The Day And Its Aftermath By Those Who Were There* (Monoray)

* , Kojo Koram, *Uncommon Wealth: Britain and the Aftermath of Empire* (John Murray Press)


title: The Comedian's Princess

abstract: The Comedian's Princess is a 1936 Czechoslovak comedy film, directed by Miroslav Cikán.

text:
# The Comedian's Princess

***The Comedian's Princess (Komediantská princezna)*** is a 1936 Czechoslovak comedy film, directed by Miroslav Cikán.

## Cast

## InfoBox

| The Comedian's Princess | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Miroslav Cikán |
| Screenplay by | Emanuel Brožík
Miroslav Cikán
Jan Gerstel |
| Starring | Jaroslav Vojta
Lída Baarová
Otomar Korbelář. |
| Cinematography | Ferdinand Pečenka |
| Edited by | Antonín Zelenka |
| Music by | Eman Fiala
Julius Kalas |
| Production
company | Ufa |
| Distributed by | Ufa |
| Release date | * 1936 (1936) |
| Running time | 92 minutes |
| Country | Czechoslovakia |
| Language | Czech |


title: SmartComputing

abstract: Smart Computing was a monthly computing and technology magazine published by Sandhills Publishing Company in Lincoln, Nebraska, USA. First released under the name PC Novice, it was published from 1990 to 2013.

text:
# SmartComputing

***Smart Computing*** was a monthly computing and technology magazine published by Sandhills Publishing Company in Lincoln, Nebraska, USA. First released under the name ***PC Novice***, it was published from 1990 to 2013.

## Content

The magazine featured articles, reviews of hardware and software, editorial content and classified advertising. It was geared more toward newer users than its sister publications, *Computer Power User* and *CyberTrend* (previously known as *PC Today*).

### Articles and Features

* *Technology News and Notes*, by Christian Perry \- News and a monthly Q/A help desk
* *Tech Diaries*, various authors - Reviews
* *Software Head-to-Head*, various authors - a comparison of software

* *Software Reviews*, various
* *Staff Picks*, various - staff's choices of hardware
* *Windows Tips & Tricks*, various - helpful hints for using Microsoft Windows
* *General Computing*, various - articles about no specific topic

* *Reader's Tips*, by readers - readers give hints to other readers
* *Learning Linux*, by Vince Cogley, NEW COLUMN - teach yourself using Linux with the Ubuntu distribution
* *Plugged In*, various - tips on using the Internet
* *Mr. Modem's Desktop*, by Mr. Modem - various tips and Internet links
* *Quick Studies*, various - tips on and fixing problems with using very commonly used software
* *Tidbits*, by Marty Sems \- information on new stuff
* *Tech Support*, various - consists of:

* *What to Do When...* \- a guide on fixing road-block problems
* *Examining Errors* \- the magazine helps readers with errors
* *Fast Fixes* \- information on new software updates
* *Q&A* \- answers to tech support questions
* *FAQ* \- answers to frequently asked questions; each month all questions are about the same topic

## InfoBox

*Smart Computing*
| December 2010 cover | |
| --- | --- |
| Categories | Computer magazine |
| Frequency | Monthly |
| Publisher | Sandhills Publishing Company |
| Founded | 1990 |
| Final issue | 2013 |
| Country | United States |
| Based in | Lincoln, Nebraska |
| Language | English |
| ISSN | 1093-4170 |
| OCLC | 426077100 |


title: Wen Yongjun

abstract: Wen Yongjun is a Chinese footballer currently playing as a winger or full-back for Guangzhou City.

text:
# Wen Yongjun

**Wen Yongjun** (Chinese: 温永骏; born 23 May 2003) is a Chinese footballer currently playing as a winger or full-back for Guangzhou City.

## Club career

Wen Yongjun was promoted to the senior team of Guangzhou R&F (now known as Guangzhou City) within the 2020 Chinese Super League season and would make his debut in a league game on 26 July 2020 against Shenzhen F.C. in a 3–0 defeat.

## Career statistics

*As of 26 December 2022.*

| Club | Season | League | | | Cup | | Continental | | Other | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Guangzhou R&F/<br>Guangzhou City | 2020 | Chinese Super League | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 |  | |  | | 4 | 0 |
| | 2021 | | 9 | 1 | 1 | 0 |  | |  | | 10 | 1 |
| | 2022 | | 11 | 1 | 1 | 0 |  | |  | | 11 | 1 |
| | **Total** | | 22 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 26 | 2 |
| Career total | | | 22 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 26 | 2 |

1. "SHENZHEN VS. GUANGZHOU R&F 3 - 0". soccerway.com. 26 July 2020. Retrieved 29 January 2021.
2. Wen Yongjun at Soccerway. Retrieved 26 July 2020.

## InfoBox

Wen Yongjun
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (2003-05-23) 23 May 2003 | | |
| Height | 1.70 m (5 ft 7 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Winger, Full-back | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | Guangzhou City | | |
| Number | 37 | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| 0000–2020 | Guangzhou R&F | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2020– | Guangzhou City | 22 | (2) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 14:01, 31 December 2022 (UTC) | | | |


title: The Fisherman and his Flute

abstract: The Fisherman and his Flute appears among Aesop's Fables and is numbered 11 in the Perry Index. Wide variations on the theme have existed over the centuries.

text:
# The Fisherman and his Flute

**The Fisherman and his Flute** appears among Aesop's Fables and is numbered 11 in the Perry Index. Wide variations on the theme have existed over the centuries.

## The fable and its analogues

In Classical times the fable only appears in Greek sources, most notably in the Histories of Herodotus, where Cyrus the Younger applies it to Greek envoys who submit to him too late. It tells of a fisherman piping to the fish to make them dance. When they will not oblige, he catches them in a net and mocks their death agonies: "Silly creatures, you would not dance for me before and now that I am no longer playing you do so." In this context the fable is given the political meaning that those who refuse a benefit when it is first offered will gain nothing by acting as asked when constrained to.

The instrument played by the fisherman varies over the ages in the telling. In the Greek it is a reeded pipe (αὐλός), rather like the chanter of a bagpipe. In William Caxton's collection of fables it is indeed rendered as a bagpipe, while in the Neo-Latin of Pantaleon Candidus and Hieronymus Osius it is a *tibia*, which the illustrator to the latter author makes a trumpet. In La Fontaine's French version the instrument is referred to as a 'musette' which, since his fable is titled "The Fishes and the Shepherd who Played the Flute" (*Les poissons et le berger qui joue de la flûte*, X.10), must refer to the old piccolo oboe. Nevertheless, it was translated as bagpipe by Anne Finch, Countess of Winchilsea, in her rendering of his poem.

La Fontaine had made of the story an artificial pastoral in which Tircis tried to charm the fishes to the hook of the shepherdess Annette but did not succeed until he used a net to catch them. It ended with the cynical reflection that force accomplishes more than charm in the context of statecraft, which echoes the conclusion in Herodotus. However, different morals were drawn by other writers. According to Babrius, only when one succeeds is it time to rejoice. For William Caxton and Roger L'Estrange, the lesson to be learned is that there is a proper time and place for everything.

Other allusions to or analogues of the fable have varied widely over the centuries. Commentators have seen a likeness to the story, although only in the detail of dancing to the pipe, in Jesus's parable of the children playing in the market-place who cry to each other, "We piped for you and you would not dance; we wept and wailed and you would not mourn" (Matthew 11.16–17, Luke 7.31–2). There is an echo here too of the criticism of unresponsive behaviour found in Herodotus.

In Mediaeval times a story about a peasant who really had the power to charm fishes to the shore with his harp-playing appeared in the *Gesta Romanorum*, while dancing fishes figure in a fable by Ivan Krylov. There the king of the beasts has given the fox guardianship of the rivers but, when he comes on a tour of inspection, discovers the fox cooking the fish. Asked for an explanation, the fox explains that the fish in the boiling water are dancing for joy at the lion's visit.


title: Wald, Baden-Württemberg

abstract: Wald is a municipality in the district of Sigmaringen in Baden-Württemberg in Germany.

text:
# Wald, Baden-Württemberg

**Wald** (German pronunciation: \[valt\] ) is a municipality in the district of Sigmaringen in Baden-Württemberg in Germany.

| Coat of arms | District | Inhabitants (2010) | Size |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Wald (main locality) | 843 | 827,47 ha |
|  | Glashütte | 97 | 178,66 ha |
|  | Hippetsweiler | 201 | 348,73 ha |
|  | Kappel | 105 | 334,66 ha |
|  | Reischach | 67 | 217,61 ha |
|  | Riedetsweiler | 83 | 203,61 ha |
|  | Rothenlachen | 38 | 217,26 ha |
|  | Ruhestetten | 174 | 643,29 ha |
|  | Sentenhart | 340 | 575,80 ha |
|  | Walbertsweiler | 639 | 839,57 ha |

## Girl School

### Kloster Wald

The students get to know the different workshops in a trial week in class 8. They can decide for one of the artisanal trainings according to their interests and abilities. The training starts parallel to school in class 9 on one afternoon per week until the graduation. After that, the training continues in theory and practice full-time until ensuing spring.

### Staate journeyman's examinations

body under public law, the proper Chamber of Crafts.

## InfoBox

| Wald | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Wald monastery | |
|  | |
| Location of Wald within Sigmaringen district | |
| Wald Wald | |
| Coordinates: 47°56′12″N 9°10′24″E / 47.93667°N 9.17333°E / 47.93667; 9.17333 | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Baden-Württemberg |
| Admin. region | Tübingen |
| District | Sigmaringen |
| Government | |
| Mayor (202028) | Joachim Grüner |
| Area | |
| Total | 43.87 km2 (16.94 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 657 m (2,156 ft) |
| Population (2022-12-31) | |
| Total | 2,771 |
| Density | 63/km2 (160/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal codes | 88639 |
| Dialling codes | 07578 |
| Vehicle registration | SIG |
| Website | www.wald-hohenzollern.de |


title: McGill Pain Questionnaire

abstract: The McGill Pain Questionnaire, also known as McGill Pain Index, is a scale of rating pain developed at McGill University by Melzack and Torgerson in 1971. It is a self-report questionnaire that allows individuals to give their doctor a good description of the quality and intensity of pain that they are experiencing. The users are presented with a list of 78 words in 20 sections that are related to pain. The users mark the words that best describe their pain. Among the words, sections of these words signify different components of pain, namely, Sensory, Affective, Evaluative, and Miscellaneous. According to the European Medicines Agency it is the most frequently used measurement tool for multidimensional pain assessment in chronic pain.

text:
# McGill Pain Questionnaire

The **McGill Pain Questionnaire**, also known as **McGill Pain Index**, is a scale of rating pain developed at McGill University by Melzack and Torgerson in 1971. It is a self-report questionnaire that allows individuals to give their doctor a good description of the quality and intensity of pain that they are experiencing. The users are presented with a list of 78 words in 20 sections that are related to pain. The users mark the words that best describe their pain (multiple markings are allowed). Among the words, sections of these words signify different components of pain, namely, Sensory (sections 1-10), Affective (sections 11-15), Evaluative (section 16), and Miscellaneous (sections 17-20).

According to the European Medicines Agency it is the most frequently used measurement tool for multidimensional pain assessment in chronic pain.

## Sample questionnaire

| Group | Words |
| --- | --- |
| 1 | Flickering, Pulsing, Quivering, Throbbing, Beating, Pounding |
| 2 | Jumping, Flashing, Shooting |
| 3 | Pricking, Boring, Drilling, Stabbing |
| 4 | Sharp, Cutting, Lacerating |
| 5 | Pinching, Pressing, Gnawing, Cramping, Crushing |
| 6 | Tugging, Pulling, Wrenching |
| 7 | Hot, Burning, Scalding, Searing |
| 8 | Tingling, Itchy, Smarting, Stinging |
| 9 | Dull, Sore, Hurting, Aching, Heavy |
| 10 | Tender, Taut (tight), Rasping, Splitting |
| 11 | Tiring, Exhausting |
| 12 | Sickening, Suffocating |
| 13 | Fearful, Frightful, Terrifying |
| 14 | Punishing, Grueling, Cruel, Vicious, Killing |
| 15 | Wretched, Blinding |
| 16 | Annoying, Troublesome, Miserable, Intense, Unbearable |
| 17 | Spreading, Radiating, Penetrating, Piercing |
| 18 | Tight, Numb, Squeezing, Drawing, Tearing |
| 19 | Cool, Cold, Freezing |
| 20 | Nagging, Nauseating, Agonizing, Dreadful, Torturing |

## InfoBox

| McGill Pain Questionnaire | |
| --- | --- |
| Synonyms | McGill Pain Index |
| Purpose | scale to rate pain |


title: Vrezh Kirakosyan

abstract: Vrezh Kirakosyan is an Armenian singer who won the first series (2010–2011) of the Armenian X-Factor series after getting top votes in the final broadcast live on the Armenian Shant TV station on 15 May 2011, against rival finalist and runner-up Srbuhi Sargsyan. Title holder Kirakosyan competed in the "over 25" category and was mentored by judge Gisané Palyan. As a result of his victory, he has a contract with Sony for two singles in addition to filming of a music video for his winning song.

text:
# Vrezh Kirakosyan

**Vrezh Kirakosyan** (in Armenian Վրեժ Կիրակոսյան) (born in 1983) is an Armenian singer who won the first series (2010–2011) of the Armenian *X-Factor* series (in Armenian Իքս-Ֆակտոր) after getting top votes in the final broadcast live on the Armenian Shant TV station on 15 May 2011, against rival finalist and runner-up Srbuhi Sargsyan.

Title holder Kirakosyan competed in the "over 25" category and was mentored by judge Gisané Palyan. As a result of his victory, he has a contract with Sony for two singles in addition to filming of a music video for his winning song.

## InfoBox

| Vrezh Kirakosyan <br>Վրեժ Կիրակոսյան | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1983 (age 4041) |
| Origin | Armenia |
| Instrument | Vocals |
| Years active | 2010present |
| Labels | Sony Armenia |


title: Vulcan's Hammer

abstract: Vulcan's Hammer is a 1960 science fiction novel by American writer Philip K. Dick. It was released originally as an Ace Double. This has been considered to be the final outing of Dick's 1950s style pulp science fiction writing, before his better-received work such as the Hugo Award-winning Man in the High Castle, published a year later.

text:
# Vulcan's Hammer

***Vulcan's Hammer*** is a 1960 science fiction novel by American writer Philip K. Dick. It was released originally as an Ace Double. This has been considered to be the final outing of Dick's 1950s style pulp science fiction writing, before his better-received work such as the Hugo Award-winning *Man in the High Castle*, published a year later.

## Plot summary

In the year 2029, the Earth is run by the Unity organisation after the Third World War. Unity runs the planet, controlling humans from childhood education onwards through the Vulcan series of artificial intelligences, but is fought by the Healer movement.

Unity Director William Barris discovers that the Vulcan 3 computer has become sentient and is considering drastic action to combat what it sees as a threat to itself. Vulcan 3 has been kept ignorant about information related to the Healer revolutionary movement by Managing Director Jason Dills, who is still loyal to its (also sentient) predecessor, Vulcan 2. Vulcan 2 fears that it will soon be superseded by Vulcan 3, and previously established the Healers as a movement to overthrow its successor.

Dill and Barris begin to suspect one another, as Dill has received a letter that refers to Barris's previous contact with the Healers, but Vulcan 2 suffers partial damage in a terrorist attack. It advises Dill not to inform Vulcan 3 about the existence of the Healers, for fear that Vulcan 3 will order their mass execution. However, Vulcan 3 has already noticed the gap in available data about the rebels, and manufactured killer androids of its own.

Barris and Dill resolve their differences and together attend an extraordinary Director's Council meeting at the Unity Control Building in Geneva. Jason Dill is presented with an indictment for treason for having withheld data about the Healers from Vulcan 3. The meeting turns into a melee, during which Dill is killed.

The directors split into pro and anti-Vulcan 3 factions, with some directors joining forces with the Healers.

Barris escapes to New York City, meets up with Father Fields, and plans an attack upon Vulcan 3. The anti-Vulcan 3 forces make their move, resulting in the destruction of the artificial intelligence. Finally, humanity is freed from Unity and its technocratic dictatorship.

## Publication details

The novel is an expansion of a novella that was first printed in *Future Science Fiction* magazine in 1956.

*Vulcan's Hammer* was first published as a novel by Ace Books as one half of Ace Double D-457, bound dos-à-dos with John Brunner's *The Skynappers*. It was republished in 2000 by the UK Orion Publishing Group in an omnibus volume containing three of Dick's novels originally published as Ace Doubles, the other two being *The Man Who Japed* and *Dr. Futurity*.

## Adaptation

In November 2021, a film adaptation of *Vulcan's Hammer* was announced. The film will be directed by Francis Lawrence, with New Republic Pictures, Lawrence’s about:blank and Electric Shepherd Productions producing.

## Sources

* *Counterfeit Worlds: Philip K Dick on Film*, p. 28, by Brian J Robb
* Andrew Butler: *The Pocket Essential Philip K. Dick*: Harpenden: Pocket Essentials: 2007: ISBN 978-1-904048-92-3

## InfoBox

Vulcan's Hammer
| Cover of first edition (paperback) | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Philip K. Dick |
| Language | English |
| Genre | Science fiction |
| Publisher | Ace Books |
| Publication date | 1960 |
| Publication place | United States |
| Media type | Print (hardback & paperback) |
| Pages | 139 pp |


title: Vulcain (band)

abstract: Vulcain is a French hard rock and heavy metal band formed in 1981.

text:
# Vulcain (band)

**Vulcain** is a French hard rock and heavy metal band formed in 1981.

## Comeback

At the end of 2009, the band gave hopes of reviving through an announcement on its Myspace page. The trio also announced a grand tour in 2010. It also opened for Motörhead for a number of shows in 2010. On 22 April 2013, Vulcain released a new album, *V8*, their first in 15 years since *Stoppe La Machine*.

## Discography

* 1984: *Rock 'n' Roll Secours*
* 1985: *La dame de fer* (EP)
* 1985: *Desperados*
* 1986: *Big Brothers*
* 1987: *Live Force*
* 1989: *Transition*
* 1992: *Big Bang*
* 1994: *Vulcain*
* 1998: *Stoppe La Machine*
* 2013: *V8*
* 2014: *rock n roll secours 2014*
* 2018: *vinyle*

Live and compilations * 1996: *Atomic Live* (live)
* 1997: *Compilaction* (compilation)
* 2011: *En revenant* (live recorded in November 2010 plus bonus DVD of Hellfest 2010 concert)


title: Vyacheslav Litovchenko

abstract: Vyacheslav Litovchenko is a Russian professional ice hockey forward who is currently playing with HC Yugra of the Supreme Hockey League (VHL).

text:
# Vyacheslav Litovchenko

**Vyacheslav Litovchenko** (born January 7, 1990) is a Russian professional ice hockey forward who is currently playing with HC Yugra of the Supreme Hockey League (VHL).

## Playing career

Litovchenko has formerly played with Amur Khabarovsk. Having spent the first 13 professional seasons of his career exclusively with Amur Khabarovsk, Litovchenko left as a free agent prior to the 2018–19 season, agreeing to a one-year contract with Avtomobilist Yekaterinburg on May 4, 2018.

After three seasons with Avtomobilist, Litovchenko left as a free agent and joined his third KHL club, HC Sibir Novosibirsk, on a one-year contract on 1 May 2021.

As a free agent following two seasons with Sibir, Litovchenko extended his career in the VHL, signing a contract with HC Yugra on 2 October 2023.

Media related to Vyacheslav Litovchenko at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Vyacheslav Litovchenko | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Born | (1990-01-07) January 7, 1990
Khabarovsk, USSR | | |
| Height | 5 ft 11 in (180 cm) | | |
| Weight | 196 lb (89 kg; 14 st 0 lb) | | |
| Position | Forward | | |
| Shoots | Left | | |
| VHL team
Former teams | *HC Yugra*
Amur Khabarovsk
Avtomobilist Yekaterinburg
Sibir Novosibirsk | | |
| Playing career | 2005present | | |


title: Volvarina yayaeli

abstract: Volvarina yayaeli is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Marginellidae, the margin snails.

text:
# Volvarina yayaeli

***Volvarina yayaeli*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Marginellidae, the margin snails.

## Description

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off Cuba.

* Espinosa J., Ortea J. & Moro L. (2009) Tres nuevas especies de marginelas del género Volvarina Hinds, 1844 (Mollusca: Neogastropoda: Marginellidae) de la region occidental de Cuba. Revista de la Academia Canaria de Ciencias 20(4): 23-27.

## InfoBox

| *Volvarina yayaeli* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Shell of *Volvarina yayaeli* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Family: | Marginellidae |
| Genus: | *Volvarina* |
| Species: | ***V. yayaeli*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Volvarina yayaeli***<br>Espinosa, Ortea & Moro, 2009 | |
|


title: McN5652

abstract: McN5652 is a molecule that can be radiolabeled and then used as a radioligand in positron emission tomography (PET) studies. The [ⁱⁱC]-(+)-McN5652 enantiomer binds to the serotonin transporter. The radioligand is used for molecular neuroimaging and for imaging of the lungs. It was developed by Johnson & Johnson's McNeil Laboratories. According to McNeil, McN5652 was among the strongest SRI ever reported at the time of its discovery. However, it is not completely 5-HT selective: the racemate has 5-HT=0.68, NA=2.9, and D=36.8nM, whereas (+)-enantiomer has 5-HT=0.39, NA=1.8, and D=23.5 nM. Paroxetine was listed as 5-HT=0.44 nM, NA=20, and DA=460nM in the same paper by the same authors.

text:
# McN5652

**McN5652** is a molecule that can be radiolabeled and then used as a radioligand in positron emission tomography (PET) studies. The \[11C\]-(+)-McN5652 enantiomer binds to the serotonin transporter. The radioligand is used for molecular neuroimaging and for imaging of the lungs.

It was developed by Johnson & Johnson's McNeil Laboratories. According to McNeil, McN5652 was among the strongest SRI ever reported at the time of its discovery (sub nM Ki). However, it is not completely 5-HT selective: the racemate has 5-HT=0.68, NA=2.9, and D=36.8nM, whereas (+)-enantiomer has 5-HT=0.39, NA=1.8, and D=23.5 nM. Paroxetine was listed as 5-HT=0.44 nM, NA=20, and DA=460nM in the same paper by the same authors.

## Derivatives

McN5652 and related structures have been analyzed for QSAR in terms of binding to the MAT receptor binding site.

## InfoBox

McN5652
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Names | |
| IUPAC name *rel*-(6*R*,10b*S*)-6-\[4-(Methylsulfanyl)phenyl\]-1,2,3,5,6,10b-hexahydropyrrolo\[2,1-*a*\]isoquinoline | |
| Other names trans-McN-5652 | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number |  |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| ChEMBL |  |
| ChemSpider |  |
| PubChem CID |  |
| UNII |  |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |  |
| InChI * InChI=1S/C19H21NS/c1-21-15-10-8-14(9-11-15)18-13-20-12-4-7-19(20)17-6-3-2-5-16(17)18/h2-3,5-6,8-11,18-19H,4,7,12-13H2,1H3/t18-,19+/m1/s1 YKey: YVKDUIAAPBKHMJ-MOPGFXCFSA-N Y * InChI=1/C19H21NS/c1-21-15-10-8-14(9-11-15)18-13-20-12-4-7-19(20)17-6-3-2-5-16(17)18/h2-3,5-6,8-11,18-19H,4,7,12-13H2,1H3/t18-,19+/m1/s1Key: YVKDUIAAPBKHMJ-MOPGFXCFBW | |
| SMILES * CSC1=CC=C(\[C@H\]2CN3\[C@\](CCC3)(\[H\])C4=C2C=CC=C4)C=C1 | |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C19H21NS |
| Molar mass | 295.44 g·mol−1 |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C \[77 °F\], 100 kPa). N verify (what is YN ?)  Infobox references | |


title: McNab Bank Building

abstract: The McNab Bank Building is a historic building in Eufaula, Alabama, U.S.. It was built in the 1850s for John McNab, a Scottish-born banker. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since June 24, 1971.

text:
# McNab Bank Building

The **McNab Bank Building** is a historic building in Eufaula, Alabama, U.S.. It was built in the 1850s for John McNab, a Scottish-born banker. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since June 24, 1971.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| McNab Bank Building | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| The McNab Bank Building in 2011 | |
|  | |
| Location | Broad Street, Eufaula, Alabama |
| Coordinates | 31°53′33″N 85°8′37″W / 31.89250°N 85.14361°W / 31.89250; -85.14361 |
| Area | 0.4 acres (0.16 ha) |
| Built | 1855 (1855) |
| Architectural style | No. Italian Renaissance Rvl. |
| NRHP reference No. | 71000095 |
| Added to NRHP | June 24, 1971 |


title: Mayfield, Pennsylvania

abstract: Mayfield is a borough in Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania, United States, approximately 14 miles (23 km) northeast of Scranton. In the past, it contained a silk mill and a coal mining industry. The population was 1,763 at the 2020 census.

text:
# Mayfield, Pennsylvania

**Mayfield** is a borough in Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania, United States, approximately 14 miles (23 km) northeast of Scranton. In the past, it contained a silk mill and a coal mining industry. The population was 1,763 at the 2020 census.

## Geography

Mayfield is located at 41°32′18″N 75°32′12″W / 41.53833°N 75.53667°W / 41.53833; -75.53667 (41.538331, -75.536554).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the borough has a total area of 2.4 square miles (6.2 km2), all land.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1890 | 1,695 |  |  |
| 1900 | 2,300 |  | 35.7% |
| 1910 | 3,662 |  | 59.2% |
| 1920 | 3,832 |  | 4.6% |
| 1930 | 3,774 |  | −1.5% |
| 1940 | 3,172 |  | −16.0% |
| 1950 | 2,373 |  | −25.2% |
| 1960 | 1,996 |  | −15.9% |
| 1970 | 2,176 |  | 9.0% |
| 1980 | 1,812 |  | −16.7% |
| 1990 | 1,890 |  | 4.3% |
| 2000 | 1,756 |  | −7.1% |
| 2010 | 1,807 |  | 2.9% |
| 2020 | 1,763 |  | −2.4% |
| 2021 (est.) | 1,756 |  | −0.4% |
| Sources: | | | |

As of the census of 2000, there were 1,756 people, 744 households, and 503 families residing in the borough. The population density was 718.6 inhabitants per square mile (277.5/km2). There were 795 housing units at an average density of 325.3 units per square mile (125.6 units/km2). The racial makeup of the borough was 99.43% White, 0.06% African American, 0.11% Native American, 0.17% Asian, 0.06% from other races, and 0.17% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.40% of the population.

There were 744 households, 26.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.6% were married couples living together, 12.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.3% were non-families. 29.0% of households were made up of individuals, and 16.8% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.36 and the average family size was 2.92.

In the borough the population was spread out, with 20.0% under the age of 18, 6.3% from 18 to 24, 29.2% from 25 to 44, 23.2% from 45 to 64, and 21.2% 65 or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females there were 89.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.1 males.

The median household income was $30,074 and the median family income was $38,167. Males had a median income of $29,336 versus $20,427 for females. The per capita income for the borough was $17,106. About 6.0% of families and 7.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.2% of those under age 18 and 10.1% of those age 65 or over.

## InfoBox

| Mayfield, Pennsylvania | |
| --- | --- |
| Borough | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location of Mayfield in Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania. | |
| MayfieldLocation in PennsylvaniaMayfieldLocation in the United States | |
| Coordinates: 41°32′18″N 75°32′12″W / 41.53833°N 75.53667°W / 41.53833; -75.53667 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Pennsylvania |
| County | Lackawanna |
| Area | |
| Total | 2.45 sq mi (6.34 km2) |
| Land | 2.45 sq mi (6.34 km2) |
| Water | 0.00 sq mi (0.00 km2) |
| Elevation | 1,004 ft (306 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 1,763 |
| Density | 720.77/sq mi (278.24/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (EST) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| ZIP Code | 18433 |
| Area code | 570 |
| FIPS code | 42-48176 |
| Website | mayfieldborough.org |


title: Voorhies, Illinois

abstract: Voorhies is an unincorporated community in Unity Township, Piatt County, Illinois, United States. Voorhies is located near Illinois Route 105, 3.8 miles (6.1 km) south of Bement. Voorhies Castle, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, is located in Voorhies.

text:
# Voorhies, Illinois

**Voorhies** is an unincorporated community in Unity Township, Piatt County, Illinois, United States. Voorhies is located near Illinois Route 105, 3.8 miles (6.1 km) south of Bement. Voorhies Castle, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, is located in Voorhies.

## InfoBox

| Voorhies, Illinois | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| Voorhies, IllinoisVoorhies, Illinois | |
| Coordinates: 39°52′01″N 88°34′48″W / 39.86694°N 88.58000°W / 39.86694; -88.58000 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Illinois |
| County | Piatt |
| Township | Unity |
| Elevation | 208 m (682 ft) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| Area code | 217 |
| GNIS feature ID | 420345 |


title: Voorheesville, New York

abstract: Voorheesville is a village within the town of New Scotland in Albany County, New York, United States. It is a suburb of Albany and part of the city's historic metropolitan area. The population was 2,841 at the 2020 census. The village is named after a railroad attorney, Alonzo B. Voorhees. The village is situated by the northern town line of New Scotland.

text:
# Voorheesville, New York

**Voorheesville** /ˈvɔːrzˌvɪl/ is a village within the town of New Scotland in Albany County, New York, United States. It is a suburb of Albany and part of the city's historic metropolitan area. The population was 2,841 at the 2020 census. The village is named after a railroad attorney, Alonzo B. Voorhees.

The village is situated by the northern town line of New Scotland.

## History

The area was settled by farmers sent by the Rensselaer family. In the 19th century, their descendants rebelled against the patroon system, fomenting a Rent War.

In 1864, two railroads were built through the town of New Scotland, headed west from the Hudson River, both trying to find a way around the Helderberg Mountains. The Albany and Susquehanna Railroad and the New York, West Shore and Buffalo Railroads crossed one another in a farm field. Subsequently, a village grew up around the crossroad and in 1899 the village of Voorheesville, named for the aforementioned railroad attorney, was incorporated. In 1870, the A&S was leased to the Delaware and Hudson Canal Company. These railroads crossed at South and North Main, and for a significant period of time there was a passenger train that came through Voorheesville. Voorheesville for several years in its early days (it was originally referred to as Union Depot before being named after Alonzo B. Voorhees) was something of a tourist attraction. The village boasted a hotel, the Friars Grove Hotel, located right across Grove Street from the train station. Just next to the hotel was a brick oven bakery, and further up Grove was a cider mill. The mill was bought out by Duffy Mott and Mott's Cider before eventually closing. The village also claimed the renowned Harris House, a tavern and hotel for the "weary traveler", a foundry that closed after a fire whose remnants still stand today, and Vly Creek (which runs through the entire village before connecting to the Normanskill Creek in Guilderland) was dammed up near the present day elementary school as a swimming hole. Historically until 2003/2004, the village railroad crossing was unique only like one other location in the United States in that four different sets of railroad tracks ran through the village and crossed at one point. The double tracked CSX (former NYC, PC, Conrail) line is still frequently used, while the remains of the D&H line west of the village is leased to SMS Rail lines, which services the Northeast Industrial Park under contract with Canadian Pacific. The West Shore line remained unused. In 2003 and 2004 the D&H line east of the village was torn up, leaving the village crossing a part of history.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1900 | 554 |  |  |
| 1910 | 533 |  | −3.8% |
| 1920 | 614 |  | 15.2% |
| 1930 | 644 |  | 4.9% |
| 1940 | 717 |  | 11.3% |
| 1950 | 895 |  | 24.8% |
| 1960 | 1,228 |  | 37.2% |
| 1970 | 2,826 |  | 130.1% |
| 1980 | 3,320 |  | 17.5% |
| 1990 | 3,225 |  | −2.9% |
| 2000 | 2,705 |  | −16.1% |
| 2010 | 2,789 |  | 3.1% |
| 2020 | 2,841 |  | 1.9% |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |

According to the 2010 Census, the racial makeup of the village was 96.5% White, 0.8% African American, 0.2% American Indian or Alaska Native, 1.5% Asian, 0.0% Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, and 0.1% Some Other Race. Of the 2,789 person total population, 97 were not White alone or in combination.

## Education

Two schools in the village, Voorheesville Elementary School and Clayton A. Bouton High School service the village itself, most parts of the Town of New Scotland and the hamlet of Slingerlands, with some students coming from the outskirts of the Town of Guilderland, Town of Bethlehem, and Village of Altamont. The elementary school serves students in grades kindergarten through fifth grade, while Clayton A. Bouton High School serves sixth grade through twelfth grade, with a separate wing for the middle school.

1. "ArcGIS REST Services Directory". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved September 20, 2022.
2. "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
3. "2010 Census data from the U.S. Census Bureau". Archived from the original on May 21, 2019.

## InfoBox

| Voorheesville | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Location in Albany County and the state of New York. | |
| VoorheesvilleVoorheesville | |
| Coordinates: 42°38′59″N 73°55′45″W / 42.64972°N 73.92917°W / 42.64972; -73.92917 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | New York |
| County | Albany |
| Town | New Scotland |
| Area | |
| Total | 2.14 sq mi (5.55 km2) |
| Land | 2.14 sq mi (5.54 km2) |
| Water | 0.01 sq mi (0.01 km2) |
| Elevation | 338 ft (103 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 2,841 |
| Density | 1,328.19/sq mi (512.87/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| ZIP code | 12186 |
| Area code | 518 |
| FIPS code | 36-77684 |
| GNIS feature ID | 0968604 |
| Website | www.villageofvoorheesville.com |