abstract: The West Indian cricket team toured England from 12 May to 7 July 2007 as part of the 2007 English cricket season. The tour included four Tests, two Twenty20 international matches and three One Day Internationals. While England dominated the Test series 3–0, including a record victory over the West Indies, the latter took the ODI series 2:1.

text:
# West Indian cricket team in England in 2007

The **West Indian cricket team** toured **England** from 12 May to 7 July 2007 as part of the 2007 English cricket season. The tour included four Tests, two Twenty20 international matches and three One Day Internationals. While England dominated the Test series 3–0, including a record victory over the West Indies, the latter took the ODI series 2:1.

## Comparative performances

### Test matches

In the ICC Test Championship, England are ranked second and West Indies are ranked eighth, though England's most recent series was a whitewash loss in the Ashes against Australia for the first time since 1921, their first Test series loss since their tour of Pakistan in 2005. West Indies, meanwhile, lost 2–0 to Pakistan in November 2006 as their last Test series, and have not won a Test since April 2005. The last time West Indies won an away Test to a nation currently ranked above them was on their tour of England in 2000 – they also beat Zimbabwe and Bangladesh twice during the intervening seven years.

### One-Day Internationals

The ICC ODI Championship sees England ranked just ahead of West Indies, as seventh and eighth respectively, though West Indies are more competitive in ODIs. They finished fifth and sixth in the Super Eight stage of the recent World Cup, with England finishing ahead of West Indies by virtue of their one-wicket win. West Indies, however, reached the final of the Champions Trophy in October 2006, and defeated India 4–1 in a home series in May. England also acquired one ODI series win in the past year, defeating Australia in the final of the 2007 Commonwealth Bank Series, their first series win abroad since 1998. They were, however, defeated 0–5 at home by Sri Lanka in June, as well as drawing 2–2 with Pakistan.

## Squads

This was Peter Moores' first series as England Coach, and Andy Flower, former Zimbabwe wicket-keeper batsman, was his newly appointed assistant. Michael Vaughan had been set to return to Test cricket for his first match in 17 months after captaining England during the World Cup, but an injury to his finger ruled him out of the first Test, and Andrew Strauss was appointed as captain in his place. James Anderson was a late addition to the squad as cover for Andrew Flintoff, though neither eventually played the first Test. Flintoff was also ruled out of playing in the second Test, despite having been named in the squads for both of the first two Tests.

During the first Test Matthew Hoggard suffered an injury, and took no further part in the match after the first West Indian innings, and he was also ruled out of playing in the second Test. His replacement was Ryan Sidebottom, recalled six years after his only previous Test, while Vaughan returned from injury as captain. Owais Shah was dropped to make way for Vaughan. Hoggard was called back to the England squad for the fourth and final Test at Chester-le-Street pending his fitness, while Liam Plunkett was dropped.

During the Fourth Test, Vaughan abruptly announced his resignation from the one-day captaincy, and was replaced by Paul Collingwood. The subsequent squad announcement then saw Vaughan and out-of-form Andrew Strauss dropped in favour of Jonathan Trott and Dimitri Mascarenhas.

For West Indies, Brian Lara had retired from all cricket at the end of the World Cup, and Ramnaresh Sarwan replaced him as captain for this series. Lendl Simmons had been dropped since the tour of Pakistan, and Devon Smith and Sylvester Joseph entered the squad as specialist batsmen. Spinners Omari Banks and Dave Mohammed had been left out for seamers Ravi Rampaul and Darren Sammy.

Sarwan injured his collarbone during the second Test at Headingley, ruling him out of the remainder of the tour. Marlon Samuels was called up as his replacement, while Daren Ganga was named stand-in captain for the remainder of the Test series. There was speculation that the selectors named Chris Gayle as captain of the ODI squad, only for the West Indies Cricket Board to reject the decision and asked the selectors to include Daren Ganga as captain instead.

In the end, Gayle was chosen as one-day captain, with Shivnarine Chanderpaul assuming vice-captaincy duties. Also, one-day specialists Austin Richards, Dwayne Smith and a recalled Simmons were called in to replace Joseph, Ganga and Corey Collymore.

| Test squads | | One-day squads | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| England  Andrew Strauss ()  Michael Vaughan ()  Matt Prior (wk)  James Anderson  Ian Bell  Paul Collingwood  Alastair Cook  Andrew Flintoff  Steve Harmison  Matthew Hoggard  Monty Panesar  Kevin Pietersen  Liam Plunkett  Owais Shah  Ryan Sidebottom | West Indies  Ramnaresh Sarwan ()  Daren Ganga ()  Denesh Ramdin (wk)  Dwayne Bravo  Shivnarine Chanderpaul  Corey Collymore  Fidel Edwards  Chris Gayle  Sylvester Joseph  Runako Morton  Daren Powell  Ravi Rampaul  Darren Sammy  Marlon Samuels  Devon Smith  Jerome Taylor | England  Paul Collingwood ()  Matt Prior (wk)  James Anderson  Ian Bell  Stuart Broad  Alastair Cook  Dimitri Mascarenhas  Monty Panesar  Kevin Pietersen  Liam Plunkett  Owais Shah  Ryan Sidebottom  Jonathan Trott  Michael Yardy | West Indies  Chris Gayle ()  Shivnarine Chanderpaul (vc)  Denesh Ramdin (wk)  Dwayne Bravo  Fidel Edwards  Runako Morton  Daren Powell  Ravi Rampaul  Austin Richards  Darren Sammy  Marlon Samuels  Lendl Simmons  Dwayne Smith  Devon Smith |

## Test series

### 1st Test

* West Indies won the toss and elected to field.
* Only 20 overs played on Day 5 due to rain.

### 2nd Test

* England won the toss and elected to bat.
* No play on day 3 due to persistent rain.
* Captain Ramnaresh Sarwan was injured and unable to bat in either West Indies' innings so their innings closed with nine wickets down.

This was West Indies' heaviest defeat in Test cricket. The fourth day was played with the temperature around seven degrees Celsius in the morning; the coldest playing conditions for a Test in England.

### 3rd Test

* England won the toss and elected to bat.

England, looking to take an unassailable lead in the series, batted first, sending Andrew Strauss and Alastair Cook to the wicket, but Strauss was dismissed in single figures, his fourteenth innings without making it past 50, plumb lbw by Jerome Taylor. Captain Michael Vaughan joined Cook and held the fence until lunch, with Cook reaching the fifty just before the end of the session with the total on the 112.

Twelve overs after lunch yielded three wickets and 20 runs. Vaughan, seeking centuries in successive Test matches for the first time since the 2002–03 Ashes, was clean bowled for 42 by Corey Collymore, Kevin Pietersen was caught by Bravo off Collymore, while Cook was bowled by debutant Darren Sammy. Paul Collingwood met with Ian Bell for the fifth-wicket partnership, though Bell was the dominant partner as the two made 32 in twelve overs before Taylor struck to leave England at 166 for five. However, the last five provided more than the top five, largely due to Ian Bell who made 97, three short of his seventh Test century, leaving him with a batting average of 84 batting at six in Test cricket. The tenth-wicket also did better than their batting averages would suggest, with Monty Panesar and Ryan Sidebottom both passing 14 in a 32-run partnership before Fidel Edwards bowled Panesar. Extras, with 47, was the third-highest scorer behind Bell and Cook.

With just three overs before lunch, the West Indies made six runs in the first over before an unpredictable over from Steve Harmison, who conceded six runs with wides before delivering his first legal delivery of the Test. However, in a 9-ball over, he did get Daren Ganga out lbw for 6. During the lunch break, West Indies lodged a complaint against Harmison who had unwittingly contravened Law 17 by practising on the match strip before the innings. The complaint was denied

Harmison conceded 15 more runs, as well as six byes and two leg-byes, in three overs after lunch, but Liam Plunkett struck with his third ball and West Indies were two down for 49. Devon Smith, Runako Morton, Shiv Chanderpaul and Dwayne Bravo all provided passed 20 runs, with Smith and Chanderpaul having the staying power to bat more than an hour, and at 216 for four West Indies were 56 ahead of the English score at the fall of the fifth wicket. However, in the space of 43 balls West Indies lost six wickets, with Ryan Sidebottom and Monty Panesar splitting them evenly and conceding 13 runs in the process. Once again, extras was a near-top-scorer, only eight runs short of Chanderpaul's 50.

Andrew Strauss failed to proved himself again with a second ball lbw, falling for successive double-digit scores for the first time in 35 Test matches, leaving No. 3 Vaughan to effectively open once more. With the total on 28, and both batsmen with two fours to their name, Denesh Ramdin threw up the ball after an appeal off Cook, who scurried for a single in the confusion. Cook was awarded a run, though as the ball hadn't hit bat and he wasn't caught behind, it was eventually a bye. Then, Ramdin let slip a sitter through his legs which went on to hit his helmet, boosting the English with a mandatory five penalty runs before the second day's play ended.

England, having achieved a lead of 141 on first innings, pushed onwards on the third day, losing one wicket in each of the first two sessions, though they had the benefit of West Indies' fielding being between "amateurish and abysmal" according to Cricinfo journalist Andrew McGlashan. Vaughan fell in the forties once again, a return catch for Darren Sammy's second Test wicket, while Kevin Pietersen fell to a bizarre dismissal when West Indian all-rounder Dwayne Bravo delivered a 70 mph bouncer, knocking off Pietersen's helmet which fell onto the stumps, leaving Pietersen out hit wicket. After tea, Gayle broke through to have Cook lbw for 106, before Sammy took six wickets in a seven-over spell to end with figures of seven for 66, the second best by a West Indies bowler on debut, and the best by a debutant in 57 years. Among the wickets was Bell's for two, causing his average at six to drop between 75. The fourth innings had only 8 overs in which Gayle scored a quick four, but Harmison continued the Test's string of early dismissals trapping Ganga plumb for a duck. This didn't stop the West Indies attacking to their target of 455 as 3 more fours were hit, despite two massive appeals from Panesar. The Windies batted slowly and carefully over the two days and ended up falling only 61 runs short of winning the match. If they had reached the total it would have been the highest fourth innings total ever to win a Test match. Shivnarine Chanderpaul top scored with 116 not out.

### 4th Test

* England won the toss and elected to field.
* No play on day 1 and a delayed start on days 2 and 5 due to rain.

## T20I series

### 1st T20I

* West Indies won the toss and elected to bat.

### 2nd T20I

* West Indies won the toss and elected to bat.
* Lendl Simmons (WI) made his T20I debut.

## ODI series

### 1st ODI

* West Indies won the toss and elected to field.
* Play stopped after 42.4 overs due to rain.

Fidel Edwards claimed his second ODI 5-wicket haul; the 8th ODI 5-wicket haul at Lord's.

### 2nd ODI

* England won the toss and elected to field.
* Play stopped after 33 overs in West Indies innings due to rain.
* *Play stopped after 14 overs and after 40 overs in England's innings due to rain.*

### 3rd ODI

* West Indies won the toss and elected to bat.
* *Chris Gayle (WI) passed 6,000 ODI runs when he reached 34.*
* *Paul Collingwood (Eng) passed 3,000 ODI runs when he reache 28.*

England started well getting the early wicket of Devon Smith in the third over, but a good partnership between Chris Gayle and Shivnarine Chanderpaul, producing a second-wicket partnership of 77 gave West Indies a strong platform. England then got two quick wickets of Chanderpaul and Samuels in the space of 15 deliveries to put the game in the balance. West Indies solidified their position, however, with Runako Morton and Chris Gayle putting on 85 for the fourth wicket. Quick batting from Dwayne Bravo (42 runs from 24 balls) ensured that the West Indies set a good score of 289/5 at the end of the innings and England needed 290 runs to win.

## Tour matches

### West Indians v Somerset

* West Indians won the toss and elected to bat.
* No play on day 2 or 3 due to rain.
* Somerset selected 12 players and the West Indians selected 13 (11 batting, 11 fielding).

### West Indians v Marylebone Cricket Club

### West Indians v England Lions

* England Lions won the toss and elected to bat.
* Play reduced to 24 overs due to rain.
* Ruel Brathwaite (WI) made his List A debut.

### West Indians v Derbyshire

### West Indians v PCA Masters XI

* West Indians won the toss and elected to bat.

## West Indies in Ireland

Following the completion of their tour to England, the West Indies will play in a Four-Nations ODI tournament in Ireland, where they will play One Day Internationals against the hosts, the Netherlands and Scotland.

## Records

* When five English batsmen recorded centuries during the 1st Test at Lords, it was the first time that this had taken place since 1938.
* Matt Prior's debut score of 126 was the first time an English wicket-keeper had scored a century on his début.
* England's win in the second Test by an innings and 283 runs was the West Indies' heaviest defeat in Test cricket.
* The fourth day of the second Test was played with the temperature around seven degrees Celsius in the morning; the coldest playing conditions for a Test in England.
* Play on the fourth day of the third Test saw the highest number of extras in a Test match in England, and the second highest ever. By the end of the Test, poor fielding by the West Indies and inconsistent bowling by both sides had added 167 to the cumulative run total, which included 51 byes, 45 leg byes, 27 no-balls and 29 wides.
* With England's defeat of the West Indies in the third Test, Michael Vaughan became the most successful England Test captain, having won 21 out of 35 the Test matches in which he has led his team.
* Shivnarine Chanderpaul ended the three test series with an average of 148.66, surpassing Donald Bradman's average of 126.50 set in 1930, to set a new record for the highest average by an overseas player during a tour of England.

* *Playfair Cricket Annual*
* *Wisden Cricketers Almanack* (annual)

## InfoBox

| West Indies in England in 2007 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |
|  | West Indies | England |
| Dates | 12 May – 7 July 2007 | | |
| Captains | Ramnaresh Sarwan | Michael Vaughan |
| Test series | | | |
| Result | England won the 4-match series 3–0 | | |
| Most runs | Shivnarine Chanderpaul (446) | Kevin Pietersen (466) |
| Most wickets | Corey Collymore (11) | Monty Panesar (23) |
| Player of the series | Monty Panesar (Eng)
Shivnarine Chanderpaul (WI) | | |
| One Day International series | | | |
| Results | West Indies won the 3-match series 2–1 | | |
| Most runs | Shivnarine Chanderpaul (202) | Owais Shah (138) |
| Most wickets | Fidel Edwards (10) | Stuart Broad (5)
James Anderson (5)
Liam Plunkett (5) |
| Player of the series | Shivnarine Chanderpaul (WI) | | |
| Twenty20 International series | | | |
| Results | 2-match series drawn 1–1 | | |
| Most runs | Marlon Samuels (93) | Paul Collingwood (106) |
| Most wickets | Dwayne Smith (3)
Darren Sammy (3) | James Anderson (3)
Ryan Sidebottom (3) |


# West Indian cricket team in England in 2017

The West Indies cricket team toured England in August and September 2017 to play three Test matches competing for the Wisden Trophy, one Twenty20 International (T20I) and five One Day Internationals (ODIs).

Ahead of the Test series, the West Indies played first-class warm-up matches against Derbyshire, Essex and Kent. They also played a two-day match against Leicestershire, as they did not get to the final of the 2017 NatWest t20 Blast.

In October 2016 the England and Wales Cricket Board (ECB) confirmed that the first Test at Edgbaston would be played as a day/night game. Tom Harrison, chief executive of the ECB, said that "we are excited by the prospect of staging our first ever day-night Test match". Following the Edgbaston Test match, both England's Alastair Cook and Neil Snowball, CEO of Warwickshire County Cricket Club, said that the "jury is out" with regards to holding another day/night Test in England. The ECB considered it a success, with the possibility of having a day/night Test as an annual fixture. England won the Test series 2–1, with James Anderson taking his 500th wicket in the third match.

The West Indies won the one-off T20I match at the Riverside Ground by 21 runs. In the opening ODI match, England won by 7 wickets, meaning that the West Indies would need to play in the 2018 Cricket World Cup Qualifier tournament, as they were not able to qualify directly for the 2019 Cricket World Cup. England's preparation for the fourth ODI was disrupted following the arrest of Ben Stokes in Bristol after the third ODI. Following the incident, both Stokes and Alex Hales were suspended by the ECB, meaning they would not be considered for selection for England until further notice. Despite this, England went on to win the ODI series 4–0.

## Squads

| Tests | | ODIs | | T20Is | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| England | West Indies | England | West Indies | England | West Indies |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |

Sam Billings was added to the England squad ahead of the fourth ODI, and Dawid Malan before the fifth, following the arrest of Ben Stokes and his and Alex Hales's subsequent suspension. Carlos Brathwaite was added to the West Indies' squad for the fifth ODI as a replacement for Jason Holder who went home to attend a funeral. Jason Mohammed was made captain for the match in Holder's absence.

## Tour matches

### First-class: Essex vs West Indies

* Essex won the toss and elected to field.
* Rain in the lunch interval prevented any further play on day 2.

### First-class: Kent vs West Indies

* West Indies won the toss and elected to bat.
* Zak Crawley (Kent) made his first-class debut.

### First-class: Derbyshire vs West Indies

### Two-day: Leicestershire vs West Indies

* West Indies won the toss and elected to bat.
* No further play was possible after lunch on day 2.

## Test series

### 1st Test

### 2nd Test

* England won the toss and elected to bat.
* Joe Root (Eng) equalled AB de Villiers' record of 12 consecutive Tests scoring a half-century.
* England's 490 for 8 declared is their highest total in Test cricket without any of their batsman making a century.
* Shai Hope (WI) scored his first century in Tests.
* Shai Hope's two centuries in the match marked the first time this feat had been achieved at this venue in first-class cricket.
* This was the West Indies' first Test win in England since 2000.

### 3rd Test

## T20I series

### Only T20I

## ODI series

### 1st ODI

* West Indies won the toss and elected to bat.
* The match was reduced to 42 overs per side due to a wet outfield.
* Jonny Bairstow (Eng) scored his first century in ODIs.

### 2nd ODI

* West Indies won the toss and elected to field.
* Rain stopped the match in England's innings and no further play was possible.

### 3rd ODI

* West Indies won the toss and elected to field.
* Moeen Ali (Eng) scored the fastest century in England, and the second-fastest by an England batsman in ODIs (53 balls).
* Liam Plunkett (Eng) took his first five-wicket haul in ODIs.
* This match set a new record for the most number of sixes scored in an ODI in England (28).

### 4th ODI

* England won the toss and elected to field.
* Alzarri Joseph (WI) took his first five-wicket haul in ODIs.
* The West Indies' total of 356/5 was their highest total against England in ODIs and their fourth highest overall.

### 5th ODI

1. "South Africa and West Indies confirmed for England's longest season". *ESPN Cricinfo*. Retrieved 1 July 2016.
2. "England 2017 fixtures announced". *ECB*. Retrieved 1 July 2016.
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7. "Encouraging Edgbaston crowds suggest day-night Test cricket has a future". *Evening Standard*. Retrieved 21 August 2017.
8. "'Jury still out' despite day-night success". *The Times*. Retrieved 21 August 2017.
9. "ECB consider annual day-night Test after Edgbaston success". *The Telegraph*. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
10. "England v West Indies: James Anderson haul seals series win". *BBC Sport*. Retrieved 9 September 2017.
11. "Gayle and Lewis set the agenda as West Indies outmuscle England". *ESPN Cricinfo*. Retrieved 17 September 2017.
12. "Sri Lanka qualify for ICC Cricket World Cup 2019". *International Cricket Council*. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
13. "Ben Stokes: England cricketer arrested after Bristol nightclub incident". BBC. Retrieved 26 September 2017.
14. "Stokes, Hales suspended after video footage emerges of Bristol street brawl". *ESPN Cricinfo*. Retrieved 28 September 2017.
15. "Ben Stokes and Alex Hales dropped by England after Bristol incident". *BBC Sport*. Retrieved 28 September 2017.
16. "England v West Indies: Jonny Bairstow and Jason Roy help hosts seal series". *BBC Sport*. Retrieved 29 September 2017.
17. "England Test squad named for West Indies". *England and Wales Cricket Board*. 10 August 2017. Retrieved 10 August 2017.
18. "Roach returns, Reifer picked for England tour". *ESPN Cricinfo*. ESPN Sports Media. 15 July 2017. Retrieved 15 July 2017.
19. "England name squad for West Indies T20 and ODIs". England and Wales Cricket Board.
20. "Gayle, Samuels return to ODI squad". *ESPN Cricinfo*. ESPN Sports Media. 21 August 2017. Retrieved 21 August 2017.
21. "West Indies pick Nurse for England T20". *ESPN Cricinfo*. ESPN Sports Media. 1 September 2017. Retrieved 1 September 2017.
22. "Jason Roy in line for England recall for fourth ODI against Windies". Sky Sports. Retrieved 26 September 2017.
23. "Ben Stokes and Alex Hales dropped by England after Bristol incident". BBC Sport. Retrieved 28 September 2017.
24. "Pride prime motivator in overshadowed finale". ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved 29 September 2017.
25. "England gears up for pink-ball bow". *ESPN Cricinfo*. Retrieved 17 August 2017.
26. "West Indies' worst day". *ESPN Cricinfo*. Retrieved 20 August 2017.
27. Shemilt, Stephan (20 August 2017). "England's Stuart Broad wants to play in 2019 Ashes after Test wicket milestone". BBC Sport (British Broadcasting Corporation). Retrieved 23 August 2017.
28. Seervi, Bharath (25 August 2017). "Root equals de Villiers and the Gabriel-Roach double-act". *ESPN Cricinfo*. ESPN Sports Media. Retrieved 26 August 2017.
29. Seervi, Bharath. "England's biggest total without a century". *ESPN Cricinfo*. Retrieved 17 August 2021.
30. Henry, Matthew (26 August 2017). "England v West Indies: Kraigg Brathwaite and Shai Hope dominate at Headingley". BBC Sport (British Broadcasting Corporation). Retrieved 26 August 2017.
31. Skelton, Jack (29 August 2017). "England v West Indies: Shai Hope guides tourists to thrilling Test victory". BBC Sport (British Broadcasting Corporation). Retrieved 29 August 2017.
32. "West Indies pull-off historic Test win in England, first since 2000". *The Indian Express*. 29 August 2017. Retrieved 29 August 2017.
33. Gardner, Alan (8 September 2017). "Anderson joins 500 club at scene of Test debut". ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
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## InfoBox

| West Indian cricket team in England in 2017 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |
|  | England | West Indies |
| Dates | 1 August – 29 September 2017 | | |
| Captains | Joe Root (Tests)
Eoin Morgan (ODIs and T20I) | Jason Holder (Tests and ODIs)
Carlos Brathwaite (T20I) |
| Test series | | | |
| Result | England won the 3-match series 2–1 | | |
| Most runs | Alastair Cook (304) | Shai Hope (375) |
| Most wickets | James Anderson (19) | Kemar Roach (11) |
| Player of the series | James Anderson (Eng) and Shai Hope (WI) | | |
| One Day International series | | | |
| Results | England won the 5-match series 4–0 | | |
| Most runs | Jonny Bairstow (302) | Evin Lewis (200) |
| Most wickets | Liam Plunkett (8) | Alzarri Joseph (5) |
| Player of the series | Moeen Ali (Eng) | | |
| Twenty20 International series | | | |
| Results | West Indies won the 1-match series 1–0 | | |
| Most runs | Alex Hales (43) | Evin Lewis (51) |
| Most wickets | Liam Plunkett (3)
Adil Rashid (3) | Carlos Brathwaite (3)
Kesrick Williams (3) |


abstract: Wheelchair basketball competitions at the 2023 Parapan American Games in Santiago, Chile were held at the Multisport Complex 1 from 18 to 25 November 2023. The two finalists in the women's tournament and the three medalists in the men's tournament qualified for the 2024 Summer Paralympics.

text:
# Wheelchair basketball at the 2023 Parapan American Games

**Wheelchair basketball** competitions at the **2023 Parapan American Games** in Santiago, Chile were held at the Multisport Complex 1 from 18 to 25 November 2023.

The two finalists in the women's tournament and the three medalists in the men's tournament qualified for the 2024 Summer Paralympics.

## Participating nations

There are 187 players from 10 nations participating in the games.

## Medal summary

### Medal table

*   Host nation (Chile)

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | United States | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 2 | Canada | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 3 | Colombia | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 4 | Brazil | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (4 entries) | | 2 | 2 | 2 | 6 |

### Medalists

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Men's tournament
 | United States (USA)
Jorge Sánchez
Jacob Williams
Talen Jourdan
Brian Bell
Steven Serio
Trevon Jenifer
AJ Fitzpatrick
Jorge Salazar
Peter Berry
Fabian Romo
John Boie
Jeromie Meyer | Colombia (COL)
Jhan Quintero
Rodrigo Pérez
Joymar Granados
Yeison Pérez
Jairo Lázaro
Héctor Garcés
Daniel Diaz
Oscar Restrepo
Jhuan Escobar
Jhon Hernández
Jhoan Vargas
Julian López | Canada (CAN)
Nikola Goncin
Garret Ostepchuk
Robert Hedges
Vincent Dallaire
Blaise Mutware
Colin Higgins
Lee Melymic
Chad Jassmann
Patrick Anderson
Jonathan Vermette
Tyler Miller
Reed De'Aeth |
| Women's tournament
 | United States (USA)
Abigail Bauleke
Josephine Dehart
Josie Aslakson
Natalie Schneider
Rebecca Murray
Rose Hollermann
Kaitlyn Eaton
Lindsey Zurbrugg
Emily Oberst
Bailey Moody
Ixhelt González
Courtney Ryan | Canada (CAN)
Rosalie Lalonde
Élodie Tessier
Arinn Young
Cindy Ouellet
Tamara Steeves
Puisand Lai
Tara Llanes
Bethany Johnson
Kady Dandeneau
Sofia Fassi Fehri
Melanie Hawtin
Desiree Isaac Pictou | Brazil (BRA)
Ana Kelvia de Lima
Cleonete Reis
Perla Assunção
Lucicléia Costa
Oara Uchôa
Lia Soares
Paola Klokler
Vileide Almeida
Ivanilde da Silva
Denise Eusébio
Maxcileide Ramos
Jéssica Santana |

## InfoBox

| Wheelchair basketball at the
2023 Parapan American Games | |
| --- | --- |
| Wheelchair basketball pictogram | |
| Venue | Multisport Complex 1 |
| Dates | 18 – 25 November 2023 |
| No. of events | 2 (1 men, 1 women) |
| Competitors | 187 from 10 nations |
|


# Wheelchair basketball at the 2024 Summer Paralympics – Men's team rosters

This is a list of players that participated in the men's wheelchair basketball competition at the 2024 Summer Paralympics.

## Group A

### Canada

The following is the Canada roster in the men's wheelchair basketball tournament of the 2024 Summer Paralympics.

| Canada men's national wheelchair basketball team - 2024 Summer Paralympics roster | |
| --- | --- |
| Players | Coaches |
| No. Name Age – Date of birth Pts.
  4 Nikola Gončin 32 – (1991-12-19)19 December 1991 4.5    5 Garrett Ostepchuk 24 – (2000-03-12)12 March 2000 2.0    6 Robert Hedges 44 – (1980-01-05)5 January 1980 2.5    7 Vincent Dallaire 29 – (1995-03-07)7 March 1995 1.5    8 Blaise Mutware 30 – (1994-05-14)14 May 1994 3.5    9 Colin Higgins 33 – (1991-05-23)23 May 1991 4.5    10 Lee Melymick 29 – (1995-01-09)9 January 1995 1.0    11 Chad Jassman 40 – (1983-09-16)16 September 1983 1.5    12 Patrick Anderson 45 – (1979-08-22)22 August 1979 4.5    13 Jonathan Vermette 33 – (1991-03-04)4 March 1991 1.0    14 Tyler Miller 40 – (1984-06-24)24 June 1984 1.5    15 Reed De'Aeth 22 – (2002-08-20)20 August 2002 4.5 | Head coach Matteo Feriani
Assistant coach(es) Nicolas Paimer  ---  Legend* **Age** \- describes age on 29 August 2024 |

### Germany

The following is the Germany roster in the men's wheelchair basketball tournament of the 2024 Summer Paralympics

| Germany men's national wheelchair basketball team - 2024 Summer Paralympics roster | |
| --- | --- |
| Players | Coaches |
| No. Name Age – Date of birth Pts.
  5 Nico Dreimuller 26 – (1997-12-10)10 December 1997 2.0    6 Matthias Guntner 25 – (1998-11-10)10 November 1998 4.5    8 Tobias Hell 24 – (2000-05-17)17 May 2000 1.0    9 Lukas Glossner 24 – (2000-03-25)25 March 2000 1.0    10 Jan Haller 35 – (1988-10-01)1 October 1988 2.0    11 Jan Sadler 31 – (1993-07-09)9 July 1993 3.0    12 Jens-Eike Albrecht 33 – (1991-06-02)2 June 1991 3.0    13 Thomas Boehme 33 – (1991-06-24)24 June 1991 3.0    14 Aliaksandr Halouski 37 – (1987-04-30)30 April 1987 4.5    15 Alexander Budde 24 – (2000-04-20)20 April 2000 3.5    16 Thomas Reier 24 – (2000-06-25)25 June 2000 4.5    18 Julian Lammering 20 – (2004-01-28)28 January 2004 3.5 | Head coach Michael Engel
Assistant coach(es) Martin Kluck  ---  Legend* **Age** \- describes age on 29 August 2024 |

### Great Britain

The following is the Great Britain roster in the men's wheelchair basketball tournament of the 2024 Summer Paralympics.

| Name | Hometown | Current Club | Classification |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Abdi Jama | Liverpool | Amivel Reyes Gutierrez | 1.0 |
| Terry Bywater | Middlesbrough | CD Ilunion | 4.5 |
| Harry Brown | Halifax | Amiab Albacete | 2.5 |
| Peter Cusack | Coventry | UCAM Murcia | 3.5 |
| Greg Warburton | Leigh | CD Ilunion | 2.0 |
| Phil Pratt | Cardiff | Amiab Albacete | 3.0 |
| Kyle Marsh | Wolverhampton | Amivel Reyes Gutierrez | 2.0 |
| Jim Palmer | Chelmsford | Rhine River Rhinos | 1.0 |
| Simon Brown | Kingsbury | Amiab Albacete | 2.0 |
| Ben Fox | Swindon | Amiab Albacete | 3.5 |
| Lee Fryer | Wakefield | UCAM Murcia | 4.0 |
| Lee Manning | Peterborough | Amiab Albacete | 4.5 |

### France

The following is the France roster in the men's wheelchair basketball tournament of the 2024 Summer Paralympics

| France men's national wheelchair basketball team - 2024 Summer Paralympics roster | |
| --- | --- |
| Players | Coaches |
| No. Name Age – Date of birth Pts.
  4 Remi Bayle 34 – (1989-09-28)28 September 1989 2.5    5 Alexis Ramonet 28 – (1995-10-08)8 October 1995 4.0    7 Audrey Cayol 43 – (1981-07-16)16 July 1981 1.5    8 Jordan Luce 30 – (1993-11-30)30 November 1993 4.5    9 Soufyane Mehiaoui 40 – (1983-10-03)3 October 1983 3.0    10 Jerome Laureri 38 – (1986-05-31)31 May 1986 1.0    25 Christophe Carlier 38 – (1986-04-04)4 April 1986 3.0    26 Jerome Duran 43 – (1981-05-10)10 May 1981 2.0    29 Louis Hardouin 26 – (1997-11-19)19 November 1997 2.5    64 Nicolas Jouanserre 39 – (1985-03-01)1 March 1985 4.5    92 Ibrahim Guirassy 42 – (1982-07-17)17 July 1982 1.0    93 Mamady Traore 21 – (2003-03-11)11 March 2003 4.0 | Head coach Franck Bornerand
Assistant coach(es) Steve Caine  ---  Legend* **Age** \- describes age on 29 August 2024 |

## Group B

### Australia

The following is the Australia roster in the men's wheelchair basketball tournament of the 2024 Summer Paralympics.

| Australia men's national wheelchair basketball team - 2024 Summer Paralympics roster | |
| --- | --- |
| Players | Coaches |
| No. Name Age – Date of birth Pts.
  1 Samuel White 37 – (1987-06-19)19 June 1987 1.0    2 Frank Pinder 23 – (2000-12-17)17 December 2000 1    3 Jaylen Brown 19 – (2004-12-22)22 December 2004 4    4 Eithen Leard 18 – (2005-08-31)31 August 2005 2    5 Bill Latham 34 – (1989-10-29)29 October 1989 4.0    7 Shaun Norris 39 – (1985-04-02)2 April 1985 3.0    9 Tristan Knowles 41 – (1983-04-25)25 April 1983 4.0    10 Jannik Blair 32 – (1992-02-03)3 February 1992 1.0    11 Tom O'Neill-Thorne 27 – (1997-04-08)8 April 1997 3.0    13 Luke Pople 33 – (1991-06-06)6 June 1991 1.5    15 Tom McHugh 22 – (2002-03-13)13 March 2002 4.5    18 Phil Evans 33 – (1990-09-18)18 September 1990 2 | Head coach Brad Ness
Assistant coach(es) Brett Stibners, Darren Allie, Luke Mitchell  ---  Legend* **Age** \- describes age on 29 August 2021 |

### Netherlands

| Netherlands men's national wheelchair basketball team - 2024 Summer Paralympics roster | |
| --- | --- |
| Players | Coaches |
| No. Name Age – Date of birth Pts.
  0 Frank de Jong 39 – (1985-03-15)15 March 1985 1.0    1 Robin Poggenwisch 35 – (1989-07-24)24 July 1989 3.0    2 Mendel Op den Orth 28 – (1996-01-23)23 January 1996 4.0    3 Anil Cegil 24 – (1999-11-17)17 November 1999 1.5    7 Patrick de Boer 33 – (1990-12-05)5 December 1990 3.0    11 Mattijs Bellers 32 – (1992-09-06)6 September 1992 4.5    12 Gijs Even 29 – (1994-09-22)22 September 1994 4.5    15 Quinten Zantinge 24 – (2000-01-31)31 January 2000 3.0    17 Arie Twigt 24 – (2000-05-20)20 May 2000 3.5    21 Camilo van Trijp 33 – (1990-08-30)30 August 1990 1.0    23 Mustafa Korkmaz 36 – (1988-01-18)18 January 1988 3.0    38 Joeri van Liere 38 – (1986-04-14)14 April 1986 1.5 | Head coach Cees van Rootselaar
Assistant coach(es) Anton de Rooij  ---  Legend* **Age** \- describes age on 29 August 2024 |

### Spain

| Spain men's national wheelchair basketball team - 2024 Summer Paralympics roster | |
| --- | --- |
| Players | Coaches |
| No. Name Age – Date of birth Pts.
  5 Daniel Stix 27 – (1997-06-24)24 June 1997 1.5    7 Pablo Zarzuela 37 – (1987-04-02)2 April 1987 3.0    8 Francisco Sánchez Lara 35 – (1989-08-11)11 August 1989 1.0    9 Alejandro Zarzuela 37 – (1987-04-02)2 April 1987 3.0    10 Amadou Diallo 32 – (1992-01-04)4 January 1992 3.0    11 Jordi Ruiz 33 – (1990-12-02)2 December 1990 2.5    13 Asier García 43 – (1981-06-11)11 June 1981 4.0    16 Óscar Onrubia 24 – (2000-05-11)11 May 2000 1.5    22 Manuel Lorenzo 24 – (1999-09-22)22 September 1999 3.0    24 Ignacio Ortega 23 – (2000-10-30)30 October 2000 4.0    55 Eduardo Prieto 37 – (1986-09-05)5 September 1986 4.0    90 Alexis Ruiz 33 – (1990-12-17)17 December 1990 3.5 | Head coach Abraham Carrión
Assistant coach(es) Rafael Muiño  ---  Legend* **Age** \- describes age on 29 August 2024 |

### United States

The following is the United States roster in the men's wheelchair basketball tournament of the 2024 Summer Paralympics.

| United States men's national wheelchair basketball team - 2024 Summer Paralympics roster | |
| --- | --- |
| Players | Coaches |
| No. Name Age – Date of birth Pts.
  2 Jacob Williams 33 – (1991-08-02)2 August 1991 2.5    4 Talen Jourdan 24 – (1999-10-25)25 October 1999 1.0    8 Brian Bell 35 – (1989-02-24)24 February 1989 4.5    11 Steve Serio 36 – (1987-09-08)8 September 1987 3.5    14 Paul Schulte 45 – (1979-03-05)5 March 1979 3.0    15 Nate Hinze 36 – (1988-06-12)12 June 1988 4.5    16 Trevon Jenifer 35 – (1988-09-07)7 September 1988 2.5    24 AJ Fitzpatrick 19 – (2004-08-28)28 August 2004 3.0    25 Jorge Salazar 34 – (1989-12-07)7 December 1989 3.5    32 Fabian Romo 27 – (1997-01-22)22 January 1997 4.0    33 John Boie 33 – (1991-02-11)11 February 1991 1.0    44 Jeromie Meyer 27 – (1997-04-11)11 April 1997 2.0 | Head coach Robb Taylor
Assistant coach(es) Scott Meyer  ---  Legend* **Age** \- describes age on 28 August 2024 |


title: Mitchell Dazey

abstract: Mitchell Dazey was an American politician and farmer. Dazey was born in Bourbon County, Kentucky. He moved with his parents to Illinois in 1828. Dazey operated the first steam flour mill in Illinois. He lived in Lima, Illinois, and was a farmer. Dazey served in the Illinois House of Representatives in 1889 and 1890 and in 1893 and 1894. He was a Democrat. Dazey died at his home in Lima, Illinois. His son Charles Dazey was a playwright.

text:
# Mitchell Dazey

**Mitchell Dazey** (October 2, 1820  September 10, 1896) was an American politician and farmer.

Dazey was born in Bourbon County, Kentucky. He moved with his parents to Illinois in 1828. Dazey operated the first steam flour mill in Illinois. He lived in Lima, Illinois, and was a farmer. Dazey served in the Illinois House of Representatives in 1889 and 1890 and in 1893 and 1894. He was a Democrat.

Dazey died at his home in Lima, Illinois. His son Charles Dazey was a playwright.


title: Wetmoreana

abstract: Wetmoreana is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It comprises 15 formally described species, one subspecies, and three undescribed species of crustose or squamulose that are predominantly saxicolous (rock-dwelling). The genus is characterized by its distinct lobes, orange zeorine apothecia when present, and the frequent occurrence of asexual propagules such as schizidia, isidia, or soredia. A key diagnostic feature is the presence of calcium oxalate crystals in the thallus medulla of many species. Wetmoreana species are found across a wide geographical range, including the Americas, Africa, and parts of Asia, and occur in diverse habitats from sea level to high mountain environments. They grow predominantly on siliceous rocks, with some species also found on calcareous substrates. The genus was originally circumscribed in 2013 with three species, but subsequent research, particularly a comprehensive revision by Wilk and Lücking in 2024, has significantly expanded its scope and refined its taxonomic boundaries. This revision included the synonymisation of the genus Fulgogasparrea with Wetmoreana based on molecular and morphological evidence.

text:
# Wetmoreana

***Wetmoreana*** is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It comprises 15 formally described species, one subspecies, and three undescribed species of crustose or squamulose that are predominantly saxicolous (rock-dwelling). The genus is characterized by its distinct lobes, orange zeorine apothecia when present, and the frequent occurrence of asexual propagules such as schizidia, isidia, or soredia. A key diagnostic feature is the presence of calcium oxalate crystals in the thallus medulla of many species.

*Wetmoreana* species are found across a wide geographical range, including the Americas, Africa, and parts of Asia, and occur in diverse habitats from sea level to high mountain environments. They grow predominantly on siliceous rocks, with some species also found on calcareous substrates. The genus was originally circumscribed in 2013 with three species, but subsequent research, particularly a comprehensive revision by Wilk and Lücking in 2024, has significantly expanded its scope and refined its taxonomic boundaries. This revision included the synonymisation of the genus *Fulgogasparrea* with *Wetmoreana* based on molecular and morphological evidence.

## Taxonomy

The genus was circumscribed in 2013 by Ulf Arup, Ulrik Søchting, and Patrik Frödén, with *Wetmoreana texana* assigned as the type species. The genus name honours lichenologist Clifford Wetmore, "in appreciation of his major contributions to the knowledge of the North American Teloschistaceae". Initially, three species were included in the genus.

In 2024, Karina Wilk and Robert Lücking revised the genus concept, synonymising *Fulgogasparrea* with *Wetmoreana* based on molecular and morphological evidence. *Fulgogasparrea* had been circumscribed in 2013 by Sergey Kondratyuk and colleagues with *Fulgogasparrea decipioides* as the type species. The genus name alluded to the resemblance of the type species to both *Fulgensia* (subfamily Caloplacoideae) and *Gasparrinia* (subfamily Xanthorioideae) within the Teloschistaceae. Prior to its synonymisation, *Fulgogasparrea* comprised five species: *F. appressa*, *F. awasthii*, *F. brouardii*, *F. decipioides*, and *F. intensa*. The revision by Wilk and Lücking effectively transferred these species to *Wetmoreana*, significantly expanding the scope of the genus.

## Description

Species of *Wetmoreana* are either squamulose or crustose with distinct lobes. The thallus often forms asexual propagules, such as schizidia, isidia, granulae, soredia, or papillae. If apothecia are present, they are orange with a zeorine form. A key diagnostic feature of most *Wetmoreana* species is the prosoplectenchymatous parathecium (proper exciple) of the apothecia.

Ascospores are polaridiblastic with medium to long septa. The ascospore morphology varies among species, with septum thickness ranging from very thin (1–2 μm in *W. rubra*) to noticeably thick (up to 9.0 μm in *W. appressa*). Ascospore length also varies considerably across the genus.

A distinctive feature of many *Wetmoreana* species is the presence of calcium oxalate crystals in the thallus medulla, often forming a limited layer at the base of the algal layer. In some species, these crystals form a relatively thin and distinct crystalline layer that separates the algal layer from the lower part of the crystal-free medulla. The presence and arrangement of these crystals can be an important diagnostic character for species identification.

The upper cortex of the thallus is typically paraplectenchymatous or prosoplectenchymatous}, and a necral layer may be present in some species. The algal layer can be continuous or discontinuous, with algae sometimes arranged in distinct columns or groups.

## Comparison to similar genera

*Wetmoreana* shares morphological similarities with several other genera in the Teloschistaceae, but can be distinguished by a combination of characteristics:

*Squamulea*: While some *Wetmoreana* species (e.g., *W. brachyloba*, *W. sliwae*) are squamulose and may resemble *Squamulea*, they differ in several key aspects. *Wetmoreana* typically has a prosoplectenchymatous apothecial exciple, while *Squamulea* has a paraplectenchymatous exciple. *Wetmoreana* also tends to have larger ascospores \[(9)12–22 μm vs. 8–15 μm in *Squamulea*\] and often lacks a prothallus, which is frequently present in *Squamulea*.

*Calogaya*, *Gyalolechia*, and *Teuvoahtiana*: The lobate members of *Wetmoreana* differ from these genera in several ways. *Wetmoreana* species often have vegetative diaspores, less abundant and smaller apothecia (up to 0.9 mm vs. 1.5 mm in diameter), and regularly ellipsoid ascospores (as opposed to often broadly ellipsoid in the other genera). Additionally, when present, calcium oxalate crystals in *Wetmoreana* are typically located in the thalline medulla, whereas in these other genera, they are more often found in the thalline cortex.

*Cinnabaria*: The sublobate *Wetmoreana rubra* is similar to *Cinnabaria boliviana*, but can be distinguished by its reddish (rather than yellowish) thallus colour, initially immersed but later erumpent apothecia (vs. persistently immersed in *Cinnabaria*), regularly ellipsoid ascospores (vs. widely ellipsoid), and long bacilliform conidia (vs. ovoid to short bacilliform).

## Habitat and distribution

*Wetmoreana* species are exclusively saxicolous, meaning they grow on rocks. They are found predominantly on siliceous rocks, with some species also occurring on calcareous substrates. Some species, like *W. rubra*, are specifically found on calcareous rocks, while others such as *W. ochraceofulva* and *W. variegata* can grow on both siliceous and calcareous substrates. The genus has a wide geographical distribution, with species reported from the Americas, Africa, and parts of Asia, including the Arabian Peninsula and South Korea.

These lichens demonstrate considerable altitudinal range, occurring from near sea level to high mountain environments. They have been recorded at elevations ranging from 20 to 4,500 m (66 to 14,764 ft) above sea level. Among the species, *W. sliwae* is notable for its presence at the highest altitudes, found between 3,500 and 4,500 m (11,500 and 14,800 ft). In contrast, species like *W. appressa*, *W. awasthii*, and *W. decipioides* occur at lower elevations up to 1000 m.

Many *Wetmoreana* species are adapted to harsh environments and can be found in both exposed and shaded habitats. They are often found in semi-desert regions, high mountain areas, and other exposed habitats. For instance, *W. sliwae* has been collected in semi-desert, high mountain regions of Bolivia and Peru. Some species, like *W. variegata*, are known to occur in well-lit conditions. *W. bahiensis* is associated with dry forest habitats such as caatinga in Brazil.

*Wetmoreana* species often grow in association with other lichen species. For example, *W. variegata* is sometimes found alongside *Squamulea subsoluta*. *Wetmoreana* species are sometimes parasitised by lichenicolous fungi, as observed in *W. variegata*.

The distribution of individual species varies. For example, *W. ochraceofulva* is reported mainly from Africa, with isolated occurrences in the Arabian Peninsula and South America. In contrast, *W. variegata* appears to be confined to South America, having been recorded in Argentina, Bolivia, Ecuador, and Peru.

## Species

The taxonomic status with *Wetmoreana appressa* is complex and currently unresolved. Originally described as part of *Wetmoreana*, it was later transferred to *Fulgogasparrea*. However, Wilk and Lücking found that the type specimen of *W. appressa* differs morphologically from the sequenced specimen labeled as *W. appressa* in GenBank. This suggests that the sequenced specimen may represent an undescribed species, indicating the need for further investigation to clarify the true identity and placement of *W. appressa* within *Wetmoreana*.

Former species:

* *Wetmoreana tenax* (L.Lindblom) S.Y.Kondr., Kärnefelt, Elix, A.Thell, M.H.Jeong & Hur (2013) = *Massjukiella tenax*

## InfoBox

| *Wetmoreana* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Wetmoreana brouardii* on a rock in the Galapagos Islands | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Lecanoromycetes |
| Order: | Teloschistales |
| Family: | Teloschistaceae |
| Genus: | *Wetmoreana*
Arup, Søchting & Frödén (2013) |
|
| Type species | |
| *Wetmoreana texana*
(Wetmore & Kärnefelt) Arup, Søchting & Frödén (2013) | |
| Species | |
| See text | |
| Synonyms | |
| * *Fulgogasparrea* S.Y.Kondr., M.H.Jeong, Kärnefelt, Elix, A.Thell & Hur (2013) | |


title: Wetmore House (Warren, Pennsylvania)

abstract: Wetmore House, also known as the Warren County Historical Society, is a historic home located at Warren, Warren County, Pennsylvania. It was built between 1870 and 1873, and is a two-story, red brick mansion in the Second Empire style. It has a mansard roof and small, one-story open portico. It was acquired by the Warren County Historical Society in 1964. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.

text:
# Wetmore House (Warren, Pennsylvania)

**Wetmore House**, also known as the Warren County Historical Society, is a historic home located at Warren, Warren County, Pennsylvania. It was built between 1870 and 1873, and is a two-story, red brick mansion in the Second Empire style. It has a mansard roof and small, one-story open portico. It was acquired by the Warren County Historical Society in 1964.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Wetmore House | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| Wetmore House, July 2012 | |
|  | |
| Location | 210 4th Ave.,<br>Warren, Pennsylvania |
| Coordinates | 41°50′54″N 79°8′52″W / 41.84833°N 79.14778°W / 41.84833; -79.14778 |
| Area | 0.3 acres (0.12 ha) |
| Built | 1870–1873 |
| Architectural style | Second Empire |
| NRHP reference No. | 75001672 |
| Added to NRHP | April 28, 1975 |


title: Wetmoreana brouardii

abstract: Wetmoreana brouardii is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae.

text:
# Wetmoreana brouardii

***Wetmoreana brouardii*** is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae.

## Taxonomy

It was first formally described as a new species in 1914 by French lichenologist Maurice Bouly de Lesdain, who classified it in the genus *Placodium*. In 1931, Alexander Zahlbruckner transferred it to *Caloplaca*, and it was known as a member of that genus for almost a century. In the 2000s several molecular phylogenetics studies showed that the large genus *Caloplaca* was polyphyletic, and several smaller genera were circumscribed to more appropriately reflect phylogenetic relationships in the Teloschistaceae. In 2015, Sergey Kondratyuk and colleagues proposed to move *Caloplaca brouardii* to the genus *Fulgogasparrea*. Katrina Wilk and Ulrik Søchting transferred it to the genus *Wetmoreana* in 2020.

## Habitat and distribution

The lichen is widely distributed, having been found in Africa, North America, and South America (including the Galápagos Islands).

## InfoBox

| *Wetmoreana brouardii* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| on basalt, Santa Fe Island, Galápagos | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Lecanoromycetes |
| Order: | Teloschistales |
| Family: | Teloschistaceae |
| Genus: | *Wetmoreana* |
| Species: | ***W. brouardii*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Wetmoreana brouardii***<br>(B.de Lesd.) Wilk & Søchting (2020) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Placodium brouardii* B.de Lesd. (1914) * *Caloplaca brouardii* (B.de Lesd.) Zahlbr. (1931) * *Fulgogasparrea brouardii* (B.de Lesd.) S.Y.Kondr. (2015) | |


title: Train shunting puzzle

abstract: Train shunting puzzles, also often called railway shunting puzzles or railroad switching puzzles, are a type of puzzle. Shunting puzzles usually consist of a specific track layout, a set of initial conditions, a defined goal, and rules which must be obeyed while performing the shunting operations. There are often constraints such as making the minimum number of couplings and uncouplings, or making the minimum number of junction direction changes, or completing the puzzle within a specified time limit. Other important factors may include the lengths of tracks limiting the number of rolling stock vehicles which can be placed along them. Some shunting puzzles allow certain types of rolling stock to navigate a particular section of track but not other types of rolling stock, for example a locomotive might not be allowed to pass below a low bridge whereas wagons are allowed, or a particularly heavy wagon might not be allowed across a weak bridge, or a particularly tall wagon might not be allowed to pass through a tunnel. Some train shunting puzzles have been developed as add-ons for railway simulator computer programs such as Auran's Trainz and Microsoft Train Simulator.

text:
# Train shunting puzzle

**Train shunting puzzles**, also often called **railway shunting puzzles**  or **railroad switching puzzles**, are a type of puzzle.

Shunting puzzles usually consist of a specific track layout, a set of initial conditions (typically the starting place of each item of rolling stock), a defined goal (the finishing place of each rolling stock item), and rules which must be obeyed while performing the shunting operations.

There are often constraints such as making the minimum number of couplings and uncouplings, or making the minimum number of junction direction changes, or completing the puzzle within a specified time limit.

Other important factors may include the lengths of tracks limiting the number of rolling stock vehicles which can be placed along them. Some shunting puzzles allow certain types of rolling stock to navigate a particular section of track but not other types of rolling stock, for example a locomotive might not be allowed to pass below a low bridge whereas wagons are allowed, or a particularly heavy wagon might not be allowed across a weak bridge, or a particularly tall wagon might not be allowed to pass through a tunnel.

Some train shunting puzzles have been developed as add-ons for railway simulator computer programs such as Auran's Trainz and Microsoft Train Simulator.

## Categories

Shunting puzzles tend to fall into the following categories, but this list is not intended to be exhaustive:

* Build up a train (known as a "consist" in Australian and North American railway terminology) in a specified order, picking up rolling stock from various locations such as sidings.
* Decompose a train, placing rolling stock items in specified locations.
* Devise the optimum sequence of rolling stock items in a train, so that it can be efficiently assembled at its starting point and decomposed at its destination(s).
* Devise a means by which two long trains can pass each other on a single track, for example the double saw-by manoeuvre at a passing loop, used when both of the trains are too long to fit into the loop. It may or may not be required to maintain the original sequence of rolling stock in each train.
* Run a locomotive around its passenger carriages at a terminus ready for the return journey.
* Reverse the direction of a train, for example at a wye where the train is too long to fit into any of the individual sections of track.

## Examples

| Inglenook Sidings |
| --- |
|  |
|  |

Two of the best known model railway train shunting puzzles are:


title: UNZA Pacers

abstract: The University of Zambia Pacers, better known as UNZA Pacers, is a Zambian basketball team based in Lusaka. The team plays in the Midlands Basketball Association (MBA). It is the basketball section of the University of Zambia. Representing Zambia, the Pacers played in the qualifying tournaments for the inaugural BAL season. The Pacers finished second in Group E to advance to the Elite 16.

text:
# UNZA Pacers

The **University of Zambia Pacers**, better known as **UNZA Pacers**, is a Zambian basketball team based in Lusaka. The team plays in the Midlands Basketball Association (MBA). It is the basketball section of the University of Zambia.

Representing Zambia, the Pacers played in the qualifying tournaments for the inaugural BAL season. The Pacers finished second in Group E to advance to the Elite 16.

## Honours

**Zambia Basketball League**

* **Champions:** 2013, 2018

## In African competitions

**BAL Qualifiers** (1 appearance)

2020 – first round

## InfoBox

| UNZA Pacers | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Leagues | Midlands Basketball Association |
| Head coach | Cuthbert Tembo |
| Ownership | University of Zambia |


title: The Racecourse, Northampton

abstract: The Racecourse is an open space park situated in the centre of Northampton. It is the sports park for Northampton with football, rugby, bowls, tennis, and more. The park has many paths connecting different areas and over 100 streetlights. It is surrounded by the Mounts, Kingsley and Semilong estates. Due to the links of the Racecourse to Northampton's history, it remains one of the town's famous landmarks. The Racecourse did hold regular horse racing meetings. However, these ceased in 1904.

text:
# The Racecourse, Northampton

**The Racecourse** (also known as **Racecourse** or **Racecourse Park**) is an open space park situated in the centre of Northampton. It is the sports park for Northampton with football, rugby, bowls, tennis, and more. The park has many paths connecting different areas and over 100 streetlights. It is surrounded by the Mounts, Kingsley and Semilong estates.

Due to the links of the Racecourse to Northampton's history, it remains one of the town's famous landmarks. The Racecourse did hold regular horse racing meetings. However, these ceased in 1904.

## Geography

Located about 500 metres to the north of Northampton town centre, The Racecourse comprises around 118 acres of parkland and includes public footpaths, changing rooms and open space. Access to the Racecourse from main roads includes via the Barrack Road (A508), Kingsley Road (A5095) and East Park Parade / Kettering Road (A5123). It can also be accessed from St George's Avenue (north-west), Colwyn Road, Beaconsfield Terrace and Leicester Street via the Mounts Estate.

## History

From 1632, unofficial race meetings were held at Northampton Heath, the name originally given to the area including the Racecourse.  Races continued here until 1681, when they were stopped due to the number of accidents.

The park is believed to have been used from 1778 to 1882 as an area where freemen had grazing rights under the 1778 Act of Enclosure. Between these dates the Racecourse was known simply as the Freeman's Common. In 1882 when Commoners lost their right to graze cattle, the land was sold on by the Northampton Corporation Act. The park was then used by the public as a general recreation ground.

Race meetings resumed in 1727, with the help of Lord Spencer, and in 1737 the first official race meet was held on the new course. The races were well-attended and frequently visited by royalty, including the Prince of Wales, later Edward VII. In 1844 new stands were erected on the site at a cost of more than £2000.

The racecourse was left-handed (anti-clockwise) around the park and a hotel was erected on the north-eastern corner of the park, now on the corner of Kingsley Road and Kingsley Park Terrace. The hotel known then as the Kingsley Park Hotel was built in 1883. It served at first as a residential club for ardent racegoers, having been refused a licence until 1887. t was sold by the Jockey Club to a brewery in 1888 With closure of the racecourse in 1904 following a fatal accident involving spectators.the hotel was closed. The Jockey Club left it empty for eighteen years, Local residents started to refer to it as "The White Elephant" when it was initially refused a licence. The name White Elephant became the official name many years later. Gypsies camped along what was then known as Gypsy Lane (now Kingsley Road) where downhill towards Kingsthorpe the former "Romany" pub is situated.

### Public executions

From 1715 to 1818, the park was frequently used for public executions. The Racecourse has been the scene of hundreds  of hangings. Condemned convicts were taken by cart to the gallows on the Racecourse. These marches were said to be intimidating and unruly, with huge crowds in attendance.

One of the most famous executions was that of four members of the Culworth Gang who operated for two decades until 1787. Two of the gang, William Pettifer (alias "Peckover") and Richard Law were caught by police at an inn in Towcester. It is reported the two had arrived with bags, which they said contained birds as they had been cockfighting, however the landlord discovered that the bags contained the notorious masks and smocks which the gang used to hide their identity. Eventually, following a robbery in Blakesley the pair were served with search warrants and police constables found stolen property. The gang admitted 47 offences and were hanged at midday on Northampton Racecourse on 4 August. 5,000 people turned up to witness the hanging as the Culworth Gang were said to have terrorised as far as Oxford.

> As was the fashion of the time, the condemned were supplied with drink at the last inn on the way to the Racecourse — the Bantam Cock on Abington Square. The last executions on the Racecourse took place on Friday, March 27th 1818 and were those of James Cobbett and George Wilkin found guilty of passing forged bank notes. As usual, a large crowd assembled to witness the scene.

### 20th century

Before the turn of the 20th century, race meetings held were becoming increasingly dangerous leading to yet more fatal accidents with jockeys and spectators due to the Racecourse's 'pathways across the course, roving spectators and the sharpness of the bends'. Racing was suspended on 31 March 1904 prior to being permanently withdrawn the following September.

By 1912, the council had turned the area into a sports recreation ground. During the First World War the park was used as an army base for the Welsh Division and other army divisions and units. The Welsh Division included 16,000 men (of whom about half were billeted in houses in the town) and 7,000 horses. Waggons and field guns were parked on the Racecourse and the surface churned up.

In 1917 the park was ploughed up for wartime allotments, and in 1923 a new playground was built (on the side next to East Park Parade) as well as changing rooms and a restaurant converted from the old Racecourse stand and law houses which to this present day stands as the Jade Pavilion (circa 1930), a Grade II listed building.

At the White Elephant junction, a tram shelter was built in 1924 which would have been used to serve the electric tram system up the Kettering Road. However motor buses were said to have been already used in 1923 leaving the shelter redundant.

During the Second World War, the Racecourse was again used as a barracks. In 1941, a Stirling bomber crashed into Gold Street in the town centre. Wreckage spread to George's Row but did not affect All Saints Church. The bomber's crew had baled out over Northampton and a body later found on the Racecourse was said to be that of the pilot.

The park was returned to its now green state sometime between 1942 and 1948. Football, bowls, cricket and rugby once again became the activities commonly played on the Racecourse.

### Modern-day history

In 1974, the park was used as the venue for an international heat of the Eurovision contest Jeux Sans Frontiers. From 1990 to 2008, the Racecourse held the Northampton Balloon Festival each August. The festival drew tens of thousands of people and was seen as a similar event held on a larger scale in Bristol. Due to poor attendances due to a combination of bad weather and festival income, the council moved the festival to Billing Aquadrome in 2008.

The Umbrella Fair which now has a base at the Pavilion building held an annual event up to 2017 boasting over 10 stages, arts and family events with over 20,000 visitors every August.

The Northampton Carnival is held here each summer with floats coming in from nearby towns as well as local groups getting involved.

## Sporting activities

The Racecourse remains one of the most popular places in Northampton for a wealth of different sports. Each one has a website or online links. From amateur football, basketball, cricket, rugby union, tennis, Parkrun, Gaelic football fitness and bowls. Over twenty Sunday League football teams use the park as their venue each weekend from early autumn to late spring. The changing rooms were redesigned to meet F.A. standards

In 2022 the Basketball courts were totally updated to the 3 x 3 layout and had effective flood lighting added for extended play. Regular tournaments are organised on the 6 pitches each marked in a different colour. In 2007 £1 million was spent on new changing room facilities adjacent to the Colwyn Road end behind the Jade Pavilion. Prior to that, the Pavilion was used by players as changing rooms. These are near the basketball courts and now have a defibrillator and blood box for use in emergencies located here.

In 2010 the council spent £85,000 on the central adventure park space including a zip wire, climbing frame complex and five-person buddy swing. A Parkrun takes place each week comprising two laps of the racecourse.

## Use in everyday Northampton

It Thousands of members of public use the park each week, crossing it for work or to go to school or college, stopping there for a break in the green space or playing sports and games. The Friends of northampton racecourse are a comitttee of volunteers that meet with the local council and other bodies to help with the running of the park.

The Umbrella Fair Cafe and The Medieval Restaurant are both in the Listed Pavilion Building. Car parking is situated adjacent to the building. Umbrella Fair is home to a cafe, public toilets and is a group that is involved with local arts and community projects.

The Garden in the Park is being created in the centre surrounding the previously unkempt White Building. It's a work in progress and has been a joint project with Groundworks UK and the local park ranger. Several schools and other local groups too. It will have an orchard, grow fruit and vegetables and be an on going project.

## Crime

Often blamed for its proximity to the town centre by authorities, the Racecourse has attracted a reputation as an area with high crime levels.

On 22 June 1997 22-year-old Ryan McEwen King was sexually assaulted and murdered in bushes around the basketball courts on the Racecourse after walking back at night from a nearby pub. Her killer Raymond Ellis, unemployed was later jailed.

In 2006, the park regularly made front-page news locally for its high levels of day and night-time robberies and assaults, leading to the Northampton Chronicle & Echo newspaper setting up The Friends of Northampton Racecourse (FONR). The partnership looked at reclaiming the Racecourse from the criminals, with its campaign eventually gaining respect from a national broadsheet The Guardian. The group continues to support the park's heritage and image.

## InfoBox

| The Racecourse | |
| --- | --- |
| Racecourse, Racecourse Park | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Type | Open space park |
| Location | Northampton |
| Coordinates | 52°14′56″N 0°53′29″W / 52.24889°N 0.89139°W / 52.24889; -0.89139 |
| Area | 118 acres (48 ha) |
| Created | 1632 (1632) |


title: Wilhelm Henning

abstract: Wilhelm Henning was a German military officer and right-wing politician.

text:
# Wilhelm Henning

**Wilhelm Henning** (26 July 1879 in Bruchsal, Baden \- 24 October 1943 in Lichterfelde, Berlin) was a German military officer and right-wing politician.

## Military service

Henning enlisted as an officer in the German Imperial Army and remained until 1919 when he retired with the rank of Major. From 1917 he served in the War Ministry and was moved to St Petersburg in 1918.

## Politics

Entering politics, Henning joined the conservative German National People's Party (DNVP) and was elected to the Reichstag in 1920. From the start Henning was on the extreme anti-Semitic and was close to the likes of Albrecht von Graefe, Reinhold Wulle and Richard Kunze, although the latter split from the DNVP in 1921 to form his own *Deutschsoziale Partei*.

### Rathenau controversy

Henning became notorious for an article of his that appeared in the June 1922 edition of *Konservative Monatsschrift*. In the article, 'The Real Face of Rapallo Terror', Henning denounced Walther Rathenau as an "international Jew" who had sullied German honour by not mentioning the murder of envoy Wilhelm Graf von Mirbach-Horff in Moscow during the Treaty of Rapallo negotiations. With Rathenau murdered at around the same time it appeared that rogue elements within the DNVP were endorsing political murder and so, under pressure from Chancellor Joseph Wirth, the DNVP leadership expelled the far right anti-Semitic wing, including Henning. In response Henning joined with Wulle and von Graefe in establishing the German Völkisch Freedom Party (DVFP) as a rightist splinter group. Henning continued to represent this group (as well as the National Socialist Freedom Movement, a joint list with the Nazi Party active after the Beer Hall Putsch) in the Reichstag until 1928.

## Later years

During the struggles for the leadership of the Völkisch movement between the DVFP and the Nazis Henning had been a strong critic of Adolf Hitler and had denounced him as "not a politician". Despite this he would go one to serve as a Nazi Party member after the collapse of the DVFP. Henning also served as the deputy chairman of the *Verband nationalgesinnter Soldaten*, a right-wing veterans organisation active in the 1920s.

## InfoBox

| Wilhelm Henning | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Wilhelm Henning
(1879-07-26)26 July 1879
Bruchsal, Baden, West Germany |
| Died | (1943-10-24)24 October 1943
Lichterfelde, Berlin, East Germany |
| Nationality | German |
| Occupation | Army officer |
| Known for | Politician |
| Political party | German National People's Party, German Völkisch Freedom Party, National Socialist Freedom Movement, Nazi Party |


title: WTQS

abstract: WTQS is a radio station licensed to Cameron, South Carolina, United States, serving the Orangeburg-Calhoun area. The station is currently owned by Peter Schiff, through licensee Community Broadcasters, LLC, and is a simulcast of WFRK in Florence. On May 11, 2015 WTQS was granted a Federal Communications Commission construction permit to move to 1500 kHz, construct a new taller and much more efficient antenna, downgrade from Class C to Class D, increase day power to 5,000 watts, decrease critical hours power from 1,000 watts to 730 watts and discontinue operation at night. The FM station is a 24-7 station. Programming is conservative talk radio, with notable programs outside WFRK's morning show including Glenn Beck, The O'Reilly Report, Dan Bongino, Sean Hannity, Mark Levin, and Brian Kilmeade.

text:
# WTQS

**WTQS** (1490 AM) is a radio station licensed to Cameron, South Carolina, United States, serving the Orangeburg-Calhoun area. The station is currently owned by Peter Schiff, through licensee Community Broadcasters, LLC, and is a simulcast of WFRK in Florence.

On May 11, 2015 WTQS was granted a Federal Communications Commission construction permit to move to 1500 kHz, construct a new taller and much more efficient antenna, downgrade from Class C to Class D, increase day power to 5,000 watts, decrease critical hours power from 1,000 watts to 730 watts and discontinue operation at night. The FM station is a 24-7 station.

Programming is conservative talk radio, with notable programs outside WFRK's morning show including Glenn Beck, The O'Reilly Report, Dan Bongino, Sean Hannity, Mark Levin, and Brian Kilmeade.

## InfoBox

WTQS
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Frequency | 1490 kHz |
| Branding | Orangeburg's News Talk 97.1 WTQS |
| Programming | |
| Format | Talk (WFRK simulcast) |
| Affiliations | Premiere Radio Networks, Fox News Radio |
| Ownership | |
| Owner |  |
| Sister stations | WFRK |
| History | |
| First air date | 2008 |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 160804 |
| Class | C |
| Power | 1,000 watts |
| Transmitter coordinates | 33°33′09″N 80°44′38″W / 33.55250°N 80.74389°W / 33.55250; -80.74389 |
| Translator(s) | 97.1 W246BX (Orangeburg) |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Website | cborangeburg.com/wtqs/ |


title: Pararrhaptica lysimachiae

abstract: Pararrhaptica lysimachiae is a moth of the family Tortricidae. It was first described by Otto Swezey in 1933. It is endemic to the Hawaiian island of Kauai. The larvae feed on Lysimachia glutinosa and Lysimachia hillebrandi venosa. The larvae have been found on the leaves of their host plant.

text:
# Pararrhaptica lysimachiae

***Pararrhaptica lysimachiae*** is a moth of the family Tortricidae. It was first described by Otto Swezey in 1933. It is endemic to the Hawaiian island of Kauai.

The larvae feed on *Lysimachia glutinosa* and *Lysimachia hillebrandi venosa*. The larvae have been found on the leaves of their host plant.

* Zimmerman, Elwood C. (1978). *Insects of Hawaii*. Vol. **9** Microlepidoptera. The University Press of Hawaii, Honolulu. hdl:10125/7338.

## InfoBox

| *Pararrhaptica lysimachiae* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Tortricidae |
| Genus: | *Pararrhaptica* |
| Species: | ***P. lysimachiae*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pararrhaptica lysimachiae***<br>(Swezey, 1933) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Eulia lysimachiae* Swezey, 1933 | |


title: Spartaeinae

abstract: The Spartaeinae are a subfamily of the spider family Salticidae. The subfamily was established by Fred R. Wanless in 1984 to include the groups Boetheae, Cocaleae, Lineae, Codeteae and Cyrbeae, which in turn were defined by Eugène Simon. The Spartaeinae are palaeotropical, with an exceptional diversity in the Malaysian and Indonesian archipelagos. They are unusual salticids that are considered basal to the phylogenetic tree of jumping spiders. Like the Lyssomaninae they lack many derived features that the Salticinae possess. Spartaeinae usually have large posterior median eyes. However, these were reduced in the genera Cyrba, Gelotia and Wanlessia.

text:
# Spartaeinae

The **Spartaeinae** are a subfamily of the spider family Salticidae (jumping spiders). The subfamily was established by Fred R. Wanless in 1984 to include the groups Boetheae, Cocaleae, Lineae, Codeteae and Cyrbeae, which in turn were defined by Eugène Simon.

The Spartaeinae are palaeotropical, with an exceptional diversity in the Malaysian and Indonesian archipelagos.

They are unusual salticids that are considered basal to the phylogenetic tree of jumping spiders. Like the Lyssomaninae they lack many derived features that the Salticinae possess. Spartaeinae usually have large posterior median eyes. However, these were reduced in the genera *Cyrba*, *Gelotia* and *Wanlessia*.

## Genera

In 2015, Spartaeinae was divided into three tribes with 29 genera. One has been added since.

### Tribe Cocalodini

### Tribe Lapsiini

### Tribe Spartaeini

## InfoBox

| Spartaeinae | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| female *Portia fimbriata* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Salticidae |
| Subfamily: | Spartaeinae<br>Wanless, 1984 |
|
| Genera | |
| See text. | |


title: The Fourth Way (band)

abstract: The Fourth Way was an American jazz quartet, comprising Eddie Marshall, Mike Nock, Michael White, and Ron McClure. They formed in 1967 and worked primarily in the San Francisco Bay Area through the early 1970s, releasing three albums. Like their contemporaries Weather Report, they were early pioneers of electric jazz fusion, with Nock's Fender Rhodes piano run through many effects pedals including ring modulation, Michael White's electrically amplified violin, and Ron McClure's electric bass. Their second album, The Fourth Way, released in 1969 includes: Ron McClure on acoustic bass, amplified acoustic bass and electric bass, Mike Nock on piano and electric piano, Michael White on acoustic violin and amplified acoustic violin and Eddie Marshall on drums. All selections composed by Mike Nock except one which was composed by Michael White. Produced by John Palladino and engineered by Joe Polito and Jay Ranellucci.

text:
# The Fourth Way (band)

**The Fourth Way** was an American jazz quartet, comprising Eddie Marshall, Mike Nock, Michael White, and Ron McClure. They formed in 1967 and worked primarily in the San Francisco Bay Area through the early 1970s, releasing three albums. Like their contemporaries Weather Report, they were early pioneers of electric jazz fusion, with Nock's Fender Rhodes piano run through many effects pedals including ring modulation, Michael White's electrically amplified violin, and Ron McClure's electric bass.

Their second album, The Fourth Way, released in 1969 includes: Ron McClure on acoustic bass, amplified acoustic bass and electric bass, Mike Nock on piano and electric piano, Michael White on acoustic violin and amplified acoustic violin and Eddie Marshall on drums. All selections composed by Mike Nock except one which was composed by Michael White. Produced by John Palladino and engineered by Joe Polito and Jay Ranellucci.

## Discography


title: The Economics of Innocent Fraud

abstract: The Economics of Innocent Fraud: Truth for Our Time was Harvard economist John Kenneth Galbraith's final book, published by Houghton Mifflin in 2004. It is a 62-page essay that recapitulates themes—such as the dominance of corporate power in the public sector and the role of advertising in shaping consumer demand—found in earlier works.

text:
# The Economics of Innocent Fraud

***The Economics of Innocent Fraud: Truth for Our Time*** was Harvard economist John Kenneth Galbraith's final book, published by Houghton Mifflin in 2004. It is a 62-page essay that recapitulates themes—such as the dominance of corporate power in the public sector and the role of advertising in shaping consumer demand—found in earlier works.

## Argument

In twelve short chapters, Galbraith summarizes what he takes to be a number of types of 'fraud'—some innocent, some less so—inherent in corporate-dominated economic life at the end of the 20th century. His use of the word fraud is not legalistic, but designates what he sees as the divergence between 'approved belief—what I have elsewhere called conventional wisdom—and the reality' (p. ix).

The 'frauds' highlighted are:

1. The replacement of the term 'capitalism' with 'the market system' in American economic and political discourse. He calls the latter 'meaningless, erroneous, bland, and benign' and suggests 'the corporate system' as the more accurate modern replacement (p. 8).
2. The belief in consumer sovereignty within the corporate/market system. Consumer consumption, according to Galbraith, is to a large extent controlled and manipulated by corporate management through advertising and other forms of persuasion (p. 13-14).
3. The use of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as the standard measure of economic and larger social advance. GDP, argues Galbraith, measures only producer-influenced production, to the exclusion of the valuable 'cultural, artistic, educational, and scientific aspects of life' (p. 15).
4. The paradox inherent in the word 'work', which signifies drudgery and boredom for low-paid workers but provides enjoyment and reward for the affluent workers. Similarly, work avoidance in the poor is regarded as unacceptable, but acceptable for those who can afford leisure (pp. 18–21).
5. The illusion that shareholders, stockholders, investors, boards of directors — even owners — are relevant to the large corporate entities that dominate the economy. In fact, claims Galbraith, it is management (corporate bureaucracy) that runs them (pp. 28–31).
6. The distinction between the 'private sector' and the 'public sector' as used by economists, politicians, and commentators. Galbraith believes that large corporate interests and leaders (private sector) have become so embedded within government (public sector) that the distinction cannot be maintained. He cites corporate influence on the Treasury, and defense industry influence in foreign policy, as prime examples (p. 36).
7. The passing off of hopeful economic prediction by experts and commentators as truth, and the related fraud of harsh lay-offs for workers when rosy predictions inevitably turn out to be false (p. 40-42).
8. The illusion that the Federal Reserve, by raising or lowering interest rates, has any effect whatsoever on spurring growth or preventing inflation. This Galbraith calls 'our most prestigious form of fraud, our most elegant escape from reality' (p. 43). According to him, 'only in innocence does it \[the Fed\] control general consumer and business spending' (p. 47).

In three concluding chapters he makes a case for impartial government oversight of corporate behavior; returns to his theme of corporate dominance in the affairs of the state, particularly in the military and defense, for its own enrichment; and claims that additional tax relief for corporations serves no public good. He ends by drawing an analogy between the failure to redress social hardship through sound economic policy and the dominance of war-making in our economic life. He calls war 'the decisive human failure' (p. 62).

## InfoBox

The Economics of Innocent Fraud
| First edition | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | John Kenneth Galbraith |
| Publisher | Houghton Mifflin |
| Publication date | 2004 |


title: The Emerald Wand of Oz

abstract: The Emerald Wand of Oz is the unofficial forty-ninth novel entry of the series 2005 book by Sherwood Smith and is a continuation of the Oz series that was started by L. Frank Baum in 1900 and continued by his many successors. The novel is illustrated by William Stout and published by HarperCollins. The novel concerns two relatives of Dorothy Gale, Em and Dory, who find themselves in Oz just as Bastinda, a new Wicked Witch of the West, threatens the citizens of Oz. The Emerald Wand of Oz is stated to be the 46th novel entry in the series and the first of three Oz novels that have been commissioned by the Baum Family Trust. It is followed by Trouble Under Oz and Sky Pyrates Over Oz, all by Sherwood Smith.

text:
# The Emerald Wand of Oz

***The Emerald Wand of Oz*** is the unofficial forty-ninth novel entry of the series 2005 book by Sherwood Smith and is a continuation of the Oz series that was started by L. Frank Baum in 1900 and continued by his many successors. The novel is illustrated by William Stout and published by HarperCollins.

The novel concerns two relatives of Dorothy Gale, Em and Dory, who find themselves in Oz just as Bastinda, a new Wicked Witch of the West, threatens the citizens of Oz.

*The Emerald Wand of Oz* is stated to be the 46th novel entry in the series and the first of three Oz novels that have been commissioned by the Baum Family Trust. It is followed by *Trouble Under Oz* and *Sky Pyrates Over Oz*, all by Sherwood Smith.

1. Simpson, Paul (2013). *A Brief Guide to Oz*. Constable & Robinson Ltd. p. 66. ISBN 978-1-47210-988-0. Retrieved 10 February 2024.

## InfoBox

The Emerald Wand of Oz
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Sherwood Smith |
| Illustrator | William Stout |
| Cover artist | William Stout |
| Language | English |
| Series | The Oz books |
| Genre | Children's novel<br>Fantasy |
| Publisher | HarperCollins |
| Publication date | 2005 |
| Publication place | United States |
| Media type | Print (hardcover) |
| Pages | 272 |
| ISBN | 978-0-06-029608-7 |
| OCLC | 56955898 |
| LC Class | PZ7.S65933 Em 2005 |
| Preceded by | *The Hidden Prince of Oz* |
| Followed by | *Trouble Under Oz* |


title: The Gap, Queensland (Mount Isa)

abstract: The Gap is a suburb of the town of Mount Isa in the City of Mount Isa, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, The Gap had a population of 817 people.

text:
# The Gap, Queensland (Mount Isa)

**The Gap** is a suburb of the town of Mount Isa in the City of Mount Isa, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, The Gap had a population of 817 people.

## Geography

The Leichhardt River flows north-south through the town of Mount Isa, dividing the suburbs of the town into "mineside" (west of the Leichhardt River) and "townside" (east of the Leichhardt River). The Gap is a "townside" suburb.

## History

The Gap was named by Queensland Place Names Board on 1 September 1973. On 16 March 2001 its status was changed from a locality to suburb.

## Demographics

In the 2016 census, The Gap had a population of 818 people.

In the 2021 census, The Gap had a population of 817 people.

## Education

There are no schools in The Gap. The nearest government primary schools are Mount Isa Central State School in neighbouring Mount Isa City (CBD) to the west and Townview State School in neighbouring Townview to the south-east.The nearest government secondary school is Spinifex State College which has its junior campus in Parkside to the south-west and its senior campus in neighbouring Pioneer to the east.

## Attractions

Riversleigh Fossil Centre is a tourist attraction which features the fossils from the Riversleigh World Heritage Area. It is at 19 Marian Street (20°43′35″S 139°29′57″E / 20.7265°S 139.4992°E / -20.7265; 139.4992 (Riversleigh Fossil Centre)).

The City Lookout has 360-degree panoramic views across the city of Mount Isa and is accessible both day and night. It is on Lookout Road, off Hilary Street (20°43′24″S 139°29′53″E / 20.72342°S 139.49814°E / -20.72342; 139.49814 (City Lookout)).

## InfoBox

| The Gap
Queensland | |
| --- | --- |
| Sign post at the lookout at The Gap | |
| The Gap | |
| Coordinates | 20°43′34″S 139°29′56″E / 20.7261°S 139.4988°E / -20.7261; 139.4988 (The Gap (centre of suburb)) |
| Population | 817 (2021 census) |
| • Density | 1,170/km2 (3,020/sq mi) |
| Postcode(s) | 4825 |
| Area | 0.7 km2 (0.3 sq mi) |
| Time zone | AEST (UTC+10:00) |
| Location |  |
| LGA(s) | City of Mount Isa |
| State electorate(s) | Traeger |
| Federal division(s) | Kennedy |
| **Suburbs around The Gap:**  Menzies Menzies Pioneer  Mount Isa City The Gap Pioneer  Mornington Mornington Townview | |


abstract: Ladbrokes Gardens is an Australian stadium located in Newcastle, New South Wales. The complex is known as Newcastle Greyhounds when it was used as a greyhound racing venue. It was the former home of the Newcastle Breakers, who played in the National Soccer League (NSL) from 1991 until 2000. It was also the home ground of the short-lived Hunter Mariners rugby league team, who participated in the only season of the Super League in 1997. The stadium is currently used by soccer team Wallsend FC.

text:
# The Gardens Greyhound and Sporting Complex

**Ladbrokes Gardens** is an Australian stadium located in Newcastle, New South Wales. The complex is known as **Newcastle Greyhounds** when it was used as a greyhound racing venue. It was the former home of the Newcastle Breakers, who played in the National Soccer League (NSL) from 1991 until 2000. It was also the home ground of the short-lived Hunter Mariners rugby league team, who participated in the only season of the Super League in 1997. The stadium is currently used by soccer team Wallsend FC.

## History

The ground was primarily used for soccer, hosting the Newcastle Breakers during their tenure in the National Soccer League. It was later used by rugby league team Hunter Mariners. Despite redevelopment in 2005 and 2006 which added a greyhound running track, the stadium is still used for soccer and rugby league with Wallsend FC a current tenant.

### Naming

The stadium was named **Breakers Stadium** after the Newcastle Breakers. In the early 1990s it was sponsored by hardware chain Mitre 10 and known as Mitre 10 Stadium. In the mid-1990s, sports manufacturer Topper sponsored both the team and the ground, and was known as *Topper Stadium*. When the company went into administration, it withdrew its sponsorship, and it reverted to its original name. The stadium became known as the Gardens Greyhound & Sporting Complex, and is also referred to as Newcastle Greyhounds.

## Structure and facilities

The single stand on the eastern side holds 2,000 general viewing seats with corporate facilities behind. It also has a restaurant/bistro below the stadium and change rooms for the sport teams that play there.

32°53′36″S 151°40′57″E / 32.89333°S 151.68250°E / -32.89333; 151.68250

## InfoBox

Ladbrokes Gardens
| The Gardens/Newcastle Greyhounds | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Full name | The Gardens Greyhound & Sports Complex |
| Former names | Topper Stadium
Breakers Stadium
Mitre 10 Stadium |
| Address | 104 Sandgate Road, Birmingham Gardens NSW 2287
Birmingham Gardens
Australia |
| Location | Newcastle New South Wales |
| Owner | Greyhound Racing New South Wales |
| Operator | Greyhound Racing New South Wales (Administrators) |
| Capacity | 3000 (2000 seated) |
| Field shape | Oval |
| Surface | Grass |
| Scoreboard | Yes |
| Screens | No |
| Current use | Greyhound Racing and Sports |
| Opened | 1991 |
| Tenants | |
| Greyhound Racing New South Wales (Greyhound racing in Australia) (2023-present)
The Gardens Greyhound Racing Club (Greyhound racing in Australia) (2014-2023)
Newcastle Breakers (NSL) (1991 - 2000)
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title: The Gibson Family

abstract: The Gibson Family is an American old-time radio program – the first original musical comedy on radio. It was broadcast on NBC from September 15, 1934, until June 23, 1935, when the format was revamped and the title was changed to Uncle Charlie's Tent Show, which ran from June 30, 1935, until September 8, 1935.

text:
# The Gibson Family

***The Gibson Family*** is an American old-time radio program – the first original musical comedy on radio. It was broadcast on NBC from September 15, 1934, until June 23, 1935, when the format was revamped and the title was changed to ***Uncle Charlie's Tent Show***, which ran from June 30, 1935, until September 8, 1935.

## Format

*The Gibson Family* might be considered a musical soap opera. It focused on day-to-day activities of the title household and incorporated music composed specifically for the program. A preview of the show published in *The Bismarck Tribune* on the day of its premiere noted, "The story of the Gibson Family will be continuous but each episode will be complete in itself." The main characters were Bob and Dot Gibson, Sally (their daughter), and a butler named Awful.

Radio historian John Dunning wrote in *On the Air: The Encyclopedia of Old-Time Radio* that despite a $500,000 investment by sponsor Procter & Gamble and a "top music-and-lyrics team from Broadway ... some 'vital spark' was missing. The audience left early, its numbers fading with each week." Eventually, the format was revamped, and the title was changed to *Uncle Charlie's Tent Show.* The transition began on June 9, 1935, when Charles Winninger joined the cast of *The Gibson Family* in the role of Uncle Charlie, who took charge of "guiding the cast on a tour of cities in his tent show."

### *Uncle Charlie's Tent Show*

On June 30, *Uncle Charlie's Tent Show* officially replaced *The Gibson Family* on the air. The program incorporated some of the actors from its predecessor, while others were dropped. Winninger took on the role of a carnival barker attracting would-be customers into his tent, crying "Hurry-hurry-hurry, just-a warmin' up, folks" and then describing some of the attractions supposedly offered inside.

## Personnel

### *The Gibson Family*

Characters and the actors who portrayed them in speaking parts are shown in the table below. In musical numbers, Jack and Loretta Clemens stayed in character, while Conrad Thibault sang the part of Jack Hamilton, and Lois Bennett sang the part of Sally Gibson.

| Character | Actor |
| --- | --- |
| Sally Gibson | Adele Ronson |
| Bobby Gibson | Jack Clemens |
| Jack Hamilton | Warren Hull |
| Dotty Marsh | Loretta Clemens |
| Pa Gibson | Jack Roseleigh |
| Ma Gibson | Anne Elstner |
| Awful, the butler | Ernie "Bubbles" Whitman |

**Source:** *On the Air, The Encyclopedia of Old-Time Radio*

Owen Davis and Courtney Ryley Cooper wrote the scripts for the show. Howard Dietz wrote lyrics for the program's songs, and Arthur Schwartz wrote the music for them. In 1950, the trade publication *Billboard* reported that Dietz and Schwartz wrote approximately 90 songs for the program's 39 episodes. Several of the songs were used in the duo's Broadway musical, *Revenge with Music* (1934).

Jimmy Wallington was the announcer, Don Voorhees led the orchestra, and Carlo De Angelo was the director.

### *Uncle Charlie's Tent Show*

Much of the cast continued from *The Gibson Family*, but some changes occurred. Anne Teeman took the spoken role of Sally Gibson, while Bennett continued that character's singing part. The character of Jack Hamilton disappeared, but Thibault remained to perform romantic ballads. Eddie Green was added as a comedic complement to Whitman's character. A vocal quartet, the Ivory City Four, directed by Ken Christie, was added; its members were Bob Moody, Lou Stokes, Scrappy Lambert, and Randolph Weyant. Tom McKnight and Mort Lewis came on board as new writers.

## InfoBox

*The Gibson Family*
| Other names | *Uncle Charlie's Tent Show* (beginning on June 30, 1935) |
| --- | --- |
| Genre | Musical comedy |
| Country of origin | United States |
| Language(s) | English |
| Syndicates | NBC |
| Hosted by | Charles Winninger (for *Uncle Charlie's Tent Show*) |
| Starring | Adele Ronson
Jack Clemens
Warren Hull
Loretta Clemens
Conrad Thibault
Lois Bennett |
| Announcer | Jimmy Wallington |
| Written by | Owen Davis
Howard Dietz
Arthur Schwartz
Courtney Ryley Cooper
Tom McKnight
Mort Lewis |
| Directed by | Carlo De Angelo
Ken Christie (*Uncle Charlie's Tent Show*) |
| Original release | September 15, 1934 (1934-09-15)
September 8, 1935 (1935-09-08) |
| Sponsored by | Procter & Gamble |


title: The Gideon Trilogy

abstract: The Gideon Trilogy is a 2006 science fiction book series by Linda Buckley-Archer. This series has also been called The Enlightenment of Peter Schock.

text:
# The Gideon Trilogy

***The Gideon Trilogy*** is a 2006 science fiction book series by Linda Buckley-Archer. This series has also been called *The Enlightenment of Peter Schock*.

## Plot introduction

The novel focuses on the adventures of Peter Schock and Kate Dyer in 1763 after being accidentally teleported there by an antigravity machine while chasing Molly, Kate's dog.

## Plot summary

Gideon Seymour, cutpurse and gentleman, hides from the villainous Tar Man. Suddenly the sky peels away like fabric and from the gaping hole fall two curious-looking children. Peter Schock and Kate Dyer have fallen straight from the twenty-first century, thanks to an experiment with an antigravity machine. Before Gideon and the children have a chance to gather their wits, the Tar Man takes off with the machine—and Kate and Peter's only chance of getting home. Soon Gideon, Kate, and Peter are swept into a journey through eighteenth-century London and form a bond that, they hope, will stand strong in the face of unfathomable treachery.

## Reception

*The Time Travellers* has been praised for its excellent description of everyday living conditions in 18th-century England, while also being an enlightening read for children.

Susan Shaver reviewing for Library Media Connection said that the novel was "full of wonderful description, unique historical English terminology, and lots of British flavor, the events of the first book in this time-travel trilogy will surely captivate and hold young readers." Melissa Moore reviewing for the School Library Journal praised the novel saying "history interweaves with science, social issues in both centuries are thrown in; yet what readers will remember most is a fast-paced plot with a cliff-hanger ending and multidimensional characters who continue to inhabit their thoughts long after the book is closed. With appeal for reluctant and advanced readers, this novel is a rare gem." Kristi Elle Jemtegaard reviewing the audiobook for Horn Book Magazine described it as "breakneck plotting, pungent descriptions studded with vivid period details (like the carpet of lice on the floor of Newgate prison), and the desperate plight of the two children trapped in another century give Doyle ample opportunity to display his dramatic skills. The last-minute change of heart that sets up the sequel in the final moments will leave listeners anxious for more." *Gideon the Cutpurse* was shortlisted for the 2007 Branford Boase Award.

## The Time Thief

Kate and Peter's father try to rescue Peter, but land in 1792, 29 years forward. Meanwhile, the Tar Man is getting used to the twenty- first century. The Tar Man finds a guide in the twenty- first century, a girl named Anjali. Tom also arrives in the twenty- first century (due to the time machine) and is found by the Tar Man. A shocking connection is discovered of two enemies. The book ends with a cliffhanger, and the time quakes have begun.

## Time Quake

Kate and Peter try to get back to the present with the help of Gideon; and inexplicably, the Tar Man! Meanwhile, Lord Luxon tries to change history for America to still be in British power by murdering president George Washington! Kate is growing more transparent each day until she completely disappears, taking Lord Luxon with her. In the end, Peter, Gideon, and Nathaniel go back to the first time traveling event and stop it. The Peter and Gideon once known cease to exist and everything goes back to normal. Before Gideon and Nathaniel disappear, they destroy the anti-gravity. Yet, they leave behind a few mysteries.

## InfoBox

The Gideon Trilogy
| First edition cover of *Gideon the Cutpurse* | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Linda Buckley-Archer |
| Language | English |
| Series | The Gideon Trilogy |
| Genre | Children's |
| Publisher | Simon & Schuster |
| Publication date | 5 June 2006 |
| Publication place | United Kingdom |
| Pages | 384 |
| ISBN | 978-1-4169-1655-0 |
| OCLC | 64555644 |