title: Wernigerode Armorial

abstract:
The Wernigerode Armorial is an armorial compiled in southern Germany in the late 15th century. The book was formerly in possession of the Schaffhauser family of Schaffhausen, Ehingen am Ries, near Nördlingen, later kept in the Stolberg library of Wernigerode, with the dissolution of this library in 1927/8 passing into the private possession of Otto Hupp, and finally bought by the Bavarian State Library in 1949. The manuscript is the first of originally two volumes; the second volume has been lost. A third volume consists of a register to vols. 1 and 2, kept in the Halle University Library. It is an important witness of the transitional period from medieval to classical conventions of heraldry. On 261 folia it presents various coats of arms, as was the custom at the time in order of descending rank, beginning with a number of purely fictitious or symbolic coats of arms, that of God, of Jesus Christ, of Death, of the "first arms" of kings Abysay, Sabytay, Banabias, of "King Alphonsus of Castilia", "the holy King Job", the "holy knight Eustachius", followed by the (real) royal arms of Sweden, Austria and Thuringia, and the attributed arms of the Nine Worthies. After this, the armorial presents the actual coats of arms in use at the time, beginning with the papal arms of Innocent VIII, the imperial arms of Habsburg Austria and the Imperial Eagle of the Holy Roman Emperor, the royal arms of France, England and Greece. More royal and ducal arms are given, partly real and partly fictitious, including those of the Dauphin, Wessex(?), Italy, Ireland, Outremer, and of "Calistria, queen of the Amazons", Brittany, "the great Khan", Arabia, Nineveh, Granada,
Bavaria, Hessen, Bavaria-Straubing and the Duke of Teck, Lorenzo de' Medici, the "Sultan of Jerusalem", some "eastern empires" such as Persia, India, Prester John, "Constantine", Cathay (China), Scotland, Aragon, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Iceland, Poland, Antiochia, Ethiopia, Salerno, Castilia, Troy, Nebuchadnezzar, Nero. After this preface, the book begins a more realistic listing of the heraldry of its time, beginning on fol. 20v, organized as follows:
The arms of the territories and noble families of the kingdom of Spain, of the high nobility of the Holy Roman Empire, Burgundy, Savoy, Milan and Naples; the higher nobility of the Holy Roman Empire in the duchies of Kleve, Geldern, Liegnitz, Werdenberg, Württemberg, the Habsburg territories, and the arms of various counts. This is followed by the arms of lower nobility and certain notable bourgeois families and the arms of imperial cities.

text:
# Wernigerode Armorial

The ***Wernigerode Armorial*** (Bavarian State Library Cod.icon. 308 n, known in German as ***Wernigeroder Wappenbuch*** or ***Schaffhausensches Wappenbuch***) is an armorial compiled in southern Germany (possibly near Nördlingen) in the late 15th century (between 1486–1492).

The book was formerly in possession of the *Schaffhauser* family of Schaffhausen, Ehingen am Ries, near Nördlingen, later kept in the Stolberg library of Wernigerode (signature Zi 33), with the dissolution of this library in 1927/8 passing into the private possession of Otto Hupp, and finally bought by the Bavarian State Library in 1949. The manuscript is the first of originally two volumes; the second volume has been lost. A third volume consists of a register to vols. 1 and 2, kept in the Halle University Library (signature Halle, UuLB: Zi 33).

It is an important witness of the transitional period from medieval to classical (early modern) conventions of heraldry (e.g. the papal arms are shown with the keys of Peter crossing behind the shield, a fashion which only gradually became adopted by the popes themselves during the 16th century, while the crossing keys above the shield were first used a few decades earlier, c. 1420s).

On 261 folia it presents various coats of arms, as was the custom at the time in order of descending rank, beginning with a number of purely fictitious or symbolic coats of arms, that of God, of Jesus Christ, of Death, of the "first arms" of kings *Abysay, Sabytay, Banabias*, of "King Alphonsus of Castilia", "the holy King Job", the "holy knight Eustachius", followed by the (real) royal arms of Sweden, Austria and Thuringia, and the attributed arms of the Nine Worthies.

After this, the armorial presents the actual coats of arms in use at the time, beginning with the papal arms of Innocent VIII, the imperial arms of Habsburg Austria and the Imperial Eagle of the Holy Roman Emperor, the royal arms of France (already attributed to Godfrey above), England and Greece. More royal and ducal arms are given, partly real and partly fictitious, including those of the Dauphin, Wessex(?), Italy (kingdom of Naples), Ireland, Outremer (the Jerusalem Cross), and of "Calistria, queen of the Amazons", Brittany, "the great Khan", Arabia, Nineveh, Granada, Bavaria, Hessen, Bavaria-Straubing and the Duke of Teck, Lorenzo de' Medici, the "Sultan of Jerusalem", some "eastern empires" such as Persia, India, Prester John, "Constantine" (Byzantium, showing the arms of the Latin Empire), Cathay (China), Scotland, Aragon, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Iceland, Poland, Antiochia, Ethiopia, Salerno, Castilia, Troy, Nebuchadnezzar, Nero.

After this preface, the book begins a more realistic listing of the heraldry of its time, beginning on fol. 20v, organized as follows: The arms of the territories and noble families of the kingdom of Spain, of the high nobility of the Holy Roman Empire, Burgundy, Savoy, Milan and Naples (ff. 20-29); the higher nobility of the Holy Roman Empire in the duchies of Kleve, Geldern, Liegnitz, Werdenberg, Württemberg, the Habsburg territories, and the arms of various counts (foll. 29-85). This is followed by the arms of lower nobility and certain notable bourgeois families (foll. 86-255) and the arms of imperial cities (foll. 257-262).

## InfoBox

Wernigerode Armorial
| Fol. 8v–Maximilian, Römischer König | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Anonymous |
| Original title | *Wernigeroder Wappenbuch* |
| Language | German |
| Genre | Armorial roll |
| Publisher | Unknown |
| Publication date | c. 1486–92 |
| Publication place | Germany |
| Pages | 525 |


abstract: The West of Scotland Amateur Football League (WoSAFL) was a football league competition, primarily for amateur clubs in the west of Scotland. It was formed in 1898 and claimed to be the oldest amateur league in world football. The association was affiliated to the Scottish Amateur Football Association. As a stand-alone Association and not part of Scotland's pyramid system, the Premier Division did not act as a feeder league. With reducing membership, the league folded after the 2016–17 season.

text:
# West of Scotland Amateur Football League

The **West of Scotland Amateur Football League** (**WoSAFL**) was a football league competition, primarily for amateur clubs in the west of Scotland. It was formed in 1898 and claimed to be the oldest amateur league in world football. The association was affiliated to the Scottish Amateur Football Association.

As a stand-alone Association and not part of Scotland's pyramid system, the Premier Division did not act as a feeder league.

With reducing membership, the league folded after the 2016–17 season.

## Member Clubs

As of the final season in 2016–17, the West of Scotland AFL contained seven member clubs in a single division.

* Bellaire
* Cardross
* Carradale
* Helensburgh
* Newshot
* South Lochaber Thistle
* United Glasgow

## InfoBox

West of Scotland Amateur Football League
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | 1898 |
| Folded | 2017 |
| Country | Scotland |
| Confederation | UEFA |
| Divisions | Premier Division |
| Number of teams | 7 |
| Level on pyramid | N/A |
| Domestic cup(s) | Scottish Amateur Cup<br>West of Scotland Cup |
| Website | Official website |


title: Miro Technologies

abstract: Miro Technologies, Inc. was a privately held company headquartered in La Jolla, California that developed and supplied ground-based Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul (MRO) and supply management software to the Aerospace / Defense (A&D) and commercial MRO sectors. Miro initially provided an aftermarket logistics application called GOLD to the A&D market in the USA starting in 1981, and subsequently expanded their product line and customer base to serve both A&D and commercial MRO customers in Europe, India, Asia and South America. Miro’s technology has been deployed in combat by the UK Ministry of Defence in both Iraq and Afghanistan over the last decade. On 25 October 2012, Boeing acquired Miro Technologies. Miro became part of the Global Services & Support business that falls under Boeing Defense, Space & Security, which is a unit of The Boeing Co. In March 2016, Miro Technologies was merged with its sister company, Tapestry Solutions in San Diego CA, and no longer exists as a separate organization.

text:
# Miro Technologies

**Miro Technologies, Inc.** was a privately held company headquartered in La Jolla, California that developed and supplied ground-based Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul (MRO) and supply management software to the Aerospace / Defense (A&D) and commercial MRO sectors.

Miro initially provided an aftermarket logistics application called GOLD to the A&D market in the USA starting in 1981, and subsequently expanded their product line and customer base to serve both A&D and commercial MRO customers in Europe, India, Asia and South America. Miro’s technology has been deployed in combat by the UK Ministry of Defence in both Iraq and Afghanistan over the last decade.

On 25 October 2012, Boeing acquired Miro Technologies. Miro became part of the Global Services & Support business that falls under Boeing Defense, Space & Security, which is a unit of The Boeing Co.

In March 2016, Miro Technologies was merged with its sister company, Tapestry Solutions in San Diego CA, and no longer exists as a separate organization.

## Products

* **GOLD:** Integrated Maintenance & Supply management software designed for Aerospace / Defense market.
* **GOLDesp:** Java EE compliant ‘Enterprise Service Platform’ based on the functionality of original GOLD application.
* **AuRA:** Integrated Maintenance & Supply management software designed for commercial MRO market.

## InfoBox

Miro Technologies, Inc.
| Company type | Privately Held |
| --- | --- |
| Industry | Aerospace / Defense and Commercial MRO software |
| Founded | 1981 |
| Headquarters | La Jolla, CA; Yeovil, Somerset, United States; UK |
| Products | GOLD*esp* (Enterprise Service Platform), AuRA, WRAM Online (Work Recording & Asset Management) |
| Website | www.mirotechnologies.com |


title: Miro Rahkola

abstract: Miro Rahkola is a Finnish professional ice hockey defenceman who currently plays for the Varberg Vipers of the Swedish Tier 3 league, Hockeyettan.

text:
# Miro Rahkola

**Miro Rahkola** is a Finnish professional ice hockey defenceman who currently plays for the Varberg Vipers of the Swedish Tier 3 league, Hockeyettan.

## InfoBox

| Miro Rahkola | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Born | (1988-10-10) October 10, 1988
Pori, Finland | | |
| Height | 6 ft 3 in (191 cm) | | |
| Weight | 198 lb (90 kg; 14 st 2 lb) | | |
| Position | Defence | | |
| Shoots | Left | | |
| Hockeyettan team
Former teams | *Varberg Vipers*
Ässät
Jokipojat
Drakkars de Caen
TuTo | | |
| Playing career | 2009present | | |


title: EuroNight

abstract: EuroNight, abbreviated EN, is a European train category that denotes many mainline national and international night train services within the Western and Central European inter-city rail network.

text:
# EuroNight

**EuroNight**, abbreviated **EN**, is a European train category that denotes many mainline national and international night train services within the Western and Central European inter-city rail network.

## Overview

The classification and name were brought into use in May 1993. Unlike the equivalent day-running counterparts EuroCity and InterCity trains, the EuroNight trains tend to run during the nighttime and are equipped with various cars for accommodating sleep services. Nearly all EuroNight trains require reservations and additional fare supplements in addition to the regular cost of a ticket from the destination to the arrival point. These supplements vary in price depending on whether the traveler wishes to sit in a regular seat, a couchette "lying bed", which offers a padded, felt bed with a blanket and small pillow, or a sleeping bed, which allows a mattress bed with full bedding (sheets, comforters, pillows).

Nearly all EuroNight services are international and jointly operated by national rail companies sharing cars on a route. EN trains are the standard night-train service for Western and most Central European nations. They are distinct from the older D-Nacht services, many of which still operate in Central and Eastern Europe. EN trains have criteria that rail companies must match in order to receive EN designation; the numbering format is *EN 999*; many routes also have accompanying names derived in the 19th and 20th centuries.

## Operating carriers

The following carriers currently have designated cars and train conductors who work the EN lines. Many railway companies share cars on the same train line between routes; for example, EN 235 between Vienna and Rome share cars of both the ÖBB and Trenitalia.

Deutsche Bahn operated the additional City Night Line hotel-quality night services between Germany, Italy, the Czech Republic, Switzerland, and The Netherlands. Two of those, the *Kopernikus* and the *Canopus*, were designated EuroNight trains as EN 458/459. Deutsche Bahn terminated all of its own night train services by December 2016.

## List of EuroNight trains

| Number | Name | Route | Operator | Travel Time |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| EN 233/232
EN 235/234 | Allegro Tosca | Wien HbfWien MeidlingKlagenfurtVillach HbfPaduaVicenzaVerona Porta NuovaBresciaMilan RogoredoGenoa Piazza PrincipeLa Spezia | ÖBB, Trenitalia | 16 h |
| EN 40466
EN 40236 |  | Wien Hbf.St. Pölten Hbf.AmstettenSt. ValentinLinz Hbf.Wels Hbf.Attnang-PuchheimVöcklabruckSalzburg Hbf.Villach Hbf.Tarvisio BoscoverdeUdinePordenoneConeglianoTreviso CentraleVenezia MestreVenezia Santa Lucia | ÖBB | 12 h |
| EN 40233
EN 40294 |  | Wien HbfWien MeidlingKlagenfurtVillach HbfBologna CentraleFlorence SMNRome Termini (with through carriages from Villach to Bologna, Rimini, and Ancona.) | ÖBB | 12 h, (14) h |
| EN 345
EN 346 |  | StockholmNorrköpingLinköpingNässjöAlvestaHässleholmLundMalmöCopenhagen AirportOdenseHamburg HbfBerlin | SJ | 13 h |
| EN 402
EN 403 | Silesia | KrakówOświęcimCzechowice-DziedziceBohumín | PKP Intercity, ČD | 3 h |
| EN 40456
EN 407 | Chopin | GrazWiener NeustadtWien Hbf.OstravaKatowiceWarsaw Gdańska \- Warsaw East | PKP Intercity, ČD, ÖBB | 14 h |
| EN 442
EN 443
 | Slovakia | Prague MainKolínPardubice MainČeská TřebováOlomouc MainOstrava-SvinovOstravaBohumínČadcaŽilinaVrútkyKraľovanyRužomberokLiptovský MikulášŠtrbaPoprad-TatrySpišská Nová VesMargecanyKysakKošiceMichaľanyTrebišovBánovce nad OndavouMichalovceStrážskeBrekovHumenné | ČD, ŽSSK | 12 h
9 h |
| EN 40458
EN 40459 | Canopus | Prague MainÚstí nad LabemDresden Hbf.Leipzig HbfErfurtFrankfurt(Main) HbfMannheim HbfKarlsruhe HbfFreiburg(Breisgau)BaselZürich HB | ČD | 13 h |
| EN 50466
EN 50467 |  | Prague MainČeské BudějoviceLinzSalzburg HbfInnsbruckFeldkirchBuchsSargansZürich HB | ČD | 14 h |
| EN 50462
EN 50237 |  | Budapest KeletiKelenföldTatabányaGyőrHegyeshalomWien HbfWien MeidlingSt. PöltenLinzSalzburg HbfMünchen OstAugsburgStuttgart | MÁV | 13 h |
| EN 40414
EN 40465 | Zürichsee | ZagrebDobovaLjubljanaJeseniceVillachInnsbruckFeldkirchZürich |  | 14 h
10 h |
| EN 40462
EN 40467 |  | Budapest KeletiKelenföldTatabányaGyőrHegyeshalomWien HbfWien MeidlingSt. PöltenLinzSalzburg HbfInnsbruckFeldkirchBuchsSargansZürich HB | MÁV | 12 h |
| EN 472
EN 473 | Ister | Budapest KeletiSzolnokBékéscsabaLőkösházaCurticiAradFăgărașBrașovPloiești Vest – București Gara de Nord | MÁV, CFR | 14
(30) h |
| EN 40457
EN 40476 | Metropol | BerlinWrocławOpoleBratislavaBudapest | MÁV | 14 h |
| EN 414
EN 40237 |  | StuttgartUlmAugsburgMünchen OstSalzburg – Schwarzach-St. Veit – VillachJeseniceLesce BledKranjLjubljanaZidani MostSevnicaDobovaSavski MarofZagreb |  | 13 h |
| EN 1152
EN 1153 |  | BratislavaWien HbfZagrebSplit | ŽSSK, | 18 h |
| EN 295
EN 294 |  | Munich CentralMunich EastSalzburgVillachBologna CentraleFlorence SMNRome Termini (with through carriages from Villach to Bologna, Rimini, and Ancona.) | ÖBB | 13 h (13) h |
| EN 40295
EN 40235 |  | Munich CentralMunich EastSalzburgVillach HbfPaduaVicenzaVerona Porta NuovaBresciaMilan RogoredoGenoa Piazza PrincipeLa Spezia | ÖBB, Trenitalia | 15 h |
| EN 237
EN 236 |  | StuttgartAugsburgMunich EastSalzburgVillach Hbf.Tarvisio BoscoverdeUdinePordenoneConeglianoTreviso CentraleVenezia MestreVenezia Santa Lucia | ÖBB | 12 h |
| EN 424
EN 425 |  | BerlinHalle (Saale)ErfurtFrankfurt (Main)MainzKoblenzBonn-BeuelAachenLiege-GuilleminsBrussels NorthBrussels South | ÖBB | 14 h |
| EN 476
EN 477 | Metropol | Praha MainPraha-LibeňKolínPardubice MainChoceňÚstí nad OrlicíČeská TřebováBrno MainBřeclavKútyBratislava MainNové ZámkyŠtúrovoVácBudapest Nyugati | ČD, MÁV | 10 h |

1. "International Services from May 23" (changes taking effect). *Thomas Cook European Timetable* (May 1–22, 1993 edition), p. 3. Peterborough, UK: Thomas Cook Publishing.
2. "EuroNight to Copenhagen, Prague, Moscow". Dutch Railways NS. 2012-10-09. Retrieved 2012-10-09.
3. DB to withdraw all remaining sleeper trains 21 December 2015
4. "001 Praha – Česká Třebová – Přerov – Bohumín" (PDF). České dráhy. 2024-06-09. Retrieved 2024-06-22.
5. "320 (Ostrava –) Bohumín – Čadca, Dětmarovice – Petrovice u Karviné" (PDF). České dráhy. 2024-06-09. Retrieved 2024-06-22.
6. "Timetable 2023/2024" (PDF). ŽSSK. 2024-06-17. Retrieved 2024-06-22.
7. "002 (Praha –) Česká Třebová – Brno – Kúty" (PDF). České dráhy. 2024-04-28. Retrieved 2024-06-22.
8. "260 Česká Třebová – Křenovice horní n." (PDF). České dráhy. 2024-06-09. Retrieved 2024-06-22.
9. "250 (Brno -) Šakvice - Kúty" (PDF). České dráhy. 2023-12-10. Retrieved 2024-06-22.
10. "477 METROPOL EuroNight (Breclav - Budapest-Nyugati)". MÁV. Retrieved 2024-06-22.


title: Westwood High School, Jamaica

abstract: The Westwood High School is a school located in Stewart Town, Trelawny, Jamaica. It was founded in 1882 by Baptist Minister Reverend William Menzie Webb with the aim to provide unsegregated education for girls. The school also set up a board of trustees to represent the different Protestant denominations. It caters to secondary students and after 36 years reopened its sixth-form programme in 2014. Westwood is among the five boarding remaining in Jamaica and has been the only school to retain the tradition of wearing a jippi-jappa (Panama) hat. Amy Ashwood Garvey, a Pan-Africanist activist and the first wife of Marcus Mosiah Garvey, was a student of the school. Iris Collins, the first woman elected to the House of Representatives, also attended the school. Gwendolyn Spencer, a nurse and midwife who co-founded the Jamaican Midwives' Association, also attended the school. Anne Walmsley, an editor, scholar, critic and author, taught at the school for three years.

text:
# Westwood High School, Jamaica

The **Westwood High School** is a school located in Stewart Town, Trelawny, Jamaica. It was founded in 1882 by Baptist Minister Reverend William Menzie Webb with the aim to provide unsegregated education for girls. The school also set up a board of trustees to represent the different Protestant denominations. It caters to secondary students and after 36 years reopened its sixth-form programme in 2014. Westwood is among the five boarding remaining in Jamaica and has been the only school to retain the tradition of wearing a jippi-jappa (Panama) hat.

Amy Ashwood Garvey, a Pan-Africanist activist and the first wife of Marcus Mosiah Garvey, was a student of the school. Iris Collins, the first woman elected to the House of Representatives, also attended the school. Gwendolyn Spencer, a nurse and midwife who co-founded the Jamaican Midwives' Association, also attended the school. Anne Walmsley, an editor, scholar, critic and author, taught at the school for three years.

18°23′46″N 77°27′25″W / 18.396°N 77.457°W / 18.396; -77.457


title: Westwood High School (Massachusetts)

abstract: Westwood High School (WHS) is a public high school in Westwood, Massachusetts, United States. It is part of the Westwood Public Schools district. Amy Davenport is the Principal and WHS has two Assistant Principals, Aishleen Flanagan and Tom Millett. The Superintendent of the district is Tim Piwowar and Assistant Superintendent is Allison Borchers. It is ranked #14 by Boston as one of the best public high schools in Boston.

text:
# Westwood High School (Massachusetts)

**Westwood High School** (**WHS**) is a public high school in Westwood, Massachusetts, United States. It is part of the Westwood Public Schools district. Amy Davenport is the Principal and WHS has two Assistant Principals, Aishleen Flanagan and Tom Millett. The Superintendent of the district is Tim Piwowar and Assistant Superintendent is Allison Borchers. It is ranked #14 by *Boston* as one of the best public high schools in Boston.

## Athletics

Westwood High School's mascot is the wolverine and competes in the Tri-Valley League (TVL).

## Notable alumni

## InfoBox

| Westwood High School | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Address | |
|  | |
| 200 Nahatan Street
Westwood, Massachusetts 02090
United States | |
| Coordinates | 42°13′0.7″N 71°13′1.0″W / 42.216861°N 71.216944°W / 42.216861; -71.216944 |
| Information | |
| Other name | WHS |
| Type | Public high school |
| School district | Westwood Public Schools |
| NCES School ID | 251281002100 |
| Principal | Amy Davenport |
| Teaching staff | 95 (on an FTE basis) |
| Grades | 9–12 |
| Enrollment | 889 (2023–2024) |
| Student to teacher ratio | 9.35 |
| Campus size | 33 acres |
| Campus type | Suburb |
| Color(s) | Forest green and white |
| Athletics conference | Tri-Valley League |
| Mascot | Wolverine |
| Nickname | Wolverines |
| Website | www.westwood.k12.ma.us/westwood-high-school |


title: Weston Longville

abstract:
Weston Longville is a civil parish in the English county of Norfolk, approximately 8 miles (13 km) north-west of Norwich. Its name is derived from the Manor of Longaville in Normandy, France, which owned the local land in the 12th century.
It covers an area of 11.24 km⁲ (4.34 sq mi) and had a population of 303 in 127 households at the 2001 census, increasing to a population of 339 in 144 households at the 2011 Census.
For the purposes of local government, it falls within the district of Broadland.

text:
# Weston Longville

**Weston Longville** is a civil parish in the English county of Norfolk, approximately 8 miles (13 km) north-west of Norwich. Its name is derived from the Manor of Longaville in Normandy, France, which owned the local land in the 12th century. It covers an area of 11.24 km2 (4.34 sq mi) and had a population of 303 in 127 households at the 2001 census, increasing to a population of 339 in 144 households at the 2011 Census. For the purposes of local government, it falls within the district of Broadland.

## History

The villages name means 'West farm/settlement'. 'Longville' after Longueville-sur-Scie, Normandy.

The Domesday book recorded that this manor was under the ownership of the Bishop of Bayeux.

> In Weston Longville, Stigand held one berewick TRE of fifty acres of land and twenty acres of meadow. There have always been six bordars and half a plough although it is i the valuation of Snettisham."

The village was home to the 18th-century clergyman and diarists, James Woodforde and his niece Anna Maria Woodforde. The village pub is named for James. He has a reputation as a man with a fondness for food which comes from the much edited published versions of his diaries; the originals provide a rich and unique insight into 18th-century rural English life. A complete and unabridged edition of his diary has been published in 17 volumes.

A World War II airfield located in the parish is now a turkey farm. Weston Hall and Park, also in the parish, have a golf course and a tourist attraction, the Dinosaur Adventure Park.

## InfoBox

| Weston Longville | |
| --- | --- |
| Inside All Saints church | |
| Weston LongvilleLocation within Norfolk | |
| Area | 11.24 km2 (4.34 sq mi) |
| Population | 339 (2011) |
| Density | 30/km2 (78/sq mi) |
| OS grid reference | TG112159 |
| Civil parish | * Weston Longville |
| District |  |
| Shire county |  |
| Region |  |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | NORWICH |
| Postcode district | NR9 |
|  | |
| Police | Norfolk |
| Fire | Norfolk |
| Ambulance | East of England |
|  | |
| UK Parliament |  |
|


title: Werrington, Staffordshire

abstract: Werrington is a village in the Staffordshire Moorlands district of Staffordshire, England, about 5 miles (8 km) east of Stoke-on-Trent city centre. The village has a population of just over 3,000 people, sits at 875 feet (270 m) above sea level and is known for its windmill standing at the summit. It is surrounded by Wetley Moor, a Site of Special Scientific Interest, and has the A52 road running through the middle of the village. The village was first recorded on a map under the name of Wherington in 1749, shortly after the construction of the windmill. The windmill was in use for around 150 years, grinding corn and then coal towards the end of its working life. The village's population has grown more than tenfold since 1925, warranting its own parish council in 1988. Moorside High School and HM Prison Werrington sit within the village, as do seven listed buildings and two churches.

text:
# Werrington, Staffordshire

**Werrington** is a village in the Staffordshire Moorlands district of Staffordshire, England, about 5 miles (8 km) east of Stoke-on-Trent city centre. The village has a population of just over 3,000 people, sits at 875 feet (270 m) above sea level and is known for its windmill standing at the summit. It is surrounded by Wetley Moor, a Site of Special Scientific Interest, and has the A52 road running through the middle of the village.

The village was first recorded on a map under the name of Wherington in 1749, shortly after the construction of the windmill. The windmill was in use for around 150 years, grinding corn and then coal towards the end of its working life. The village's population has grown more than tenfold since 1925, warranting its own parish council in 1988. Moorside High School and HM Prison Werrington sit within the village, as do seven listed buildings and two churches.

## History

Werrington was first recorded on a 1749 map under the name Wherington, and it was not spelt as Werrington until 1890.

The windmill at the top of the village is believed to have been constructed in 1730. It was described as "a powerful corn mill consisting of four pairs of mill stones and one flour machine" when advertised for sale in 1804. It stopped grinding corn by the end of the century, though would instead be used to grind coal to make briquettes. By 1905 it was used only to serve as a stand for a small turbine, which generated electricity for the public house next door. During World War II the local home guard based their headquarters there. It now houses communication equipment after being bought by the Midlands Electricity Board in 1952, and is now owned by E.ON. It remains the last remaining windmill in the Staffordshire Moorlands after Dilhorne's windmill disappeared by the year 1900.

Werrington originally consisted primarily of the windmill and a small number of houses in the immediate vicinity. Rapid expansion began in 1925 to expand into Washerwall, parts of Wetley Common, Withystakes, Ash Bank, Armshead, Cellarhead, and some of Brookhouse Lane. In the 90 years since then the population increased from a few hundred to several thousand with the addition of some 2,500 homes. This growth began at a time when the Meigh family sold off the Ash Hall estate and the village was connected to nearby transport, electricity, gas, water, and sewerage services.

## Governance

Werrington was a part of the parish of Caverswall, before it split off in 1988 after having become large enough to justify running its own parish council. The village hall was opened in 1938 and now serves as the home of a children's playgroup and the meeting place for the local parish council. The village hall was built at a cost of £1,100 in September 1937 following a six-year fundraising period.

## Geography

Ash Bank village lies westerly down the A52 road between Werrington and the Stoke-on-Trent district of Bucknall. The hamlet of Hulme lies to the south. The A52 is bisected by the A520 road, which travels north through the village of Wetley Rocks and onto the market town of Leek. Travelling south on the A520 one reaches the A50 road in the Stoke-on-Trent district of Meir. Werrington is surrounded by Wetley Moor, which at its highest point reaches 900 ft above sea level. Wetley Moor now makes up 173 acres (70 ha) of open common and around 90 acres (40 ha) of enclosed pots. The moor is made up of wet heath and consists of heather and other related vegetation. It is designated as a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) as it lies on lower lying coal measures, which gives it a wet peaty soil.

## Demography

According to the Office for National Statistics, the village's total population stood at 3,176 persons in 2019. The 2011 United Kingdom census revealed the average age to be 45, with 96.4% of residents born in England and only 1.8% born outside of the United Kingdom. In terms of religion, 76.5% reported themselves to be Christian, 17.5% cited no religion, whilst 5.5% did not answer the question. The census revealed a balanced list of economic activities as the following sectors represented between 8.1 and 15.1% of all occupations: skilled trades; professional; administrative and secretarial; associate professional and technical; managers, directors and senior officials; administrative; caring, leisure and other service; elementary; elementary administration and service; sales and customer service.

## Economy

HM Prison Werrington, known as Werrington Juvenile Centre, was opened as an Industrial school in 1870. The school had just two pupils when it first opened, but would house 104 inmates by 1881. It was made into an Approved school in 1933 and was converted into a detention centre in 1957. The prison became a Young Offenders Institute in 1983. The institute has been gradually expanded over the years, reaching a size of 160 inmates in 2008, all aged between 15 and 18.

The Armshead Quarry, located on the Wetley Moor, was closed around 1955. It was used to quarry sandstone, which was blasted out from the rock face. At least one other quarry operated in Washerwall, with other past industries including coal mining, weaving and nail making. Coal mining dates in the area back to at least the 18th century, with notable flurries of activity occurring during miners' strikes in 1921 and 1926. Salter's Lane Colliery Co. Ltd operated between 1960 and 1975, and were given approval to mine in the village in February 1970. The last mine operating in Werrington was sunk in 1956, running until its closure in March 1983. Though these industries have fallen away, the area still maintains some number of farms.

## Landmarks

In addition to the windmill, there is a point known as 'Dead Mans Grave', which is thought to be a boundary marker stone assembled to mark the boundary of the Stoke and Caverswall parishes in a document from 1689. The Dead Mans Grave sits at the junction of Draw Well Lane and Armshead Road, and earned its name due to an urban legend that it is the headstone of a murdered man. The post, designated a Grade II listed structure, stands at 4 feet 9 inches (1.45 m) tall and is made of millstone grit.

There is a well on Washerwall Lane, supplied by a spring, that was used since at least 1775 until the mid-19th century. As well as providing the villagers with fresh water, water carts took the water to nearby towns for a price of one halfpenny a bucket. Around 1810, plans were drawn up to pipe the water into Hanley, though were not followed through. A stone structure was erected around the natural spring in 1874 bearing the mark of the S.R.S.A. (Staffordshire Rural Sanitary Authority).

## Transport

The A52 road connects Bucknall with Cellarhead; the original road was opened around 1765.

## Education

Moorside High School was opened under the name Cellarhead County Modern School in 1939. Werrington County Primary School was opened in 1995 following an amalgamation of Saltway Junior and Werrington Infants schools. The village has its own library, run by volunteers.

## Religious sites

Werrington is home to two churches. The Anglican church, St. Philip's, was constructed from mostly local stone and was dedicated by the Bishop of Lichfield upon its completion in June 1907. The construction was funded by the local community following a decade-long fundraising effort. The Carnegie Trust gave a grant of £200 to help fund the cost of the organ. The church was consecrated in 1965. Extensive modifications were carried out in 2007. Werrington Methodist Church is located on Ash Bank Road. A number of Methodist churches were built and demolished in the village's history, with the current one opened in 1938 following a 20-year fundraising effort of £5,100. Hugh Bourne, one of the joint founders of Primitive Methodism, was born at nearby Ford Hayes Farm, Bucknall in 1772.

## Sport

Phil Taylor, 16-times winner of the World Professional Darts Championship, resides in Werrington. Former professional footballer, Adam Yates, grew up in the village.

**General**

* McNicol, Tony, *Werrington etc and Wetley Moor also Werrington Shortly after the start of The Millennium* (PDF)

**Specific**

Media related to Werrington, Staffordshire at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Werrington | |
| --- | --- |
| Windmill and telecommunications tower, Werrington | |
| WerringtonLocation within Staffordshire | |
| Population | 3,176 (2019) |
| OS grid reference | SJ9403147560 |
| District |  |
| Shire county |  |
| Region |  |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | STOKE-ON-TRENT |
| Postcode district | ST9 |
| Dialling code | 01782 |
|  | |
| Police | Staffordshire |
| Fire | Staffordshire |
| Ambulance | West Midlands |
|  | |
| UK Parliament |  |
|


title: Miroslav Grujičić

abstract: Miroslav Grujičić is a Serbian football goalkeeper who plays for Novohrad Lučenec.

text:
# Miroslav Grujičić

**Miroslav Grujičić** (Serbian Cyrillic: Мирослав Грујичић; born 17 June 1994) is a Serbian football goalkeeper who plays for Novohrad Lučenec.

## Honours

Radnik Surdulica

## InfoBox

Miroslav Grujičić
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Miroslav Grujičić | | |
| Date of birth | (1994-06-17) 17 June 1994 | | |
| Place of birth | Belgrade, FR Yugoslavia | | |
| Height | 1.87 m (6 ft 1+12 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Goalkeeper | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | Novohrad Lučenec | | |
| Youth career | | | |
|  | BSK Borča | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2011–2012 | BSK Borča | 4 | (0) |
| 2013 | Teleoptik | 4 | (0) |
| 2013–2014 | Srem Jakovo | 31 | (0) |
| 2015–2016 | Radnik Surdulica | 6 | (0) |
| 2016–2017 | Dinamo Vranje | 9 | (0) |
| 2017 | Sinđelić Beograd | 2 | (0) |
| 2018– | Novohrad Lučenec | 54 | (0) |
| 2020 | Komárno (loan) | 3 | (0) |
| 2021 | ATSV Stadl-Paura (loan) | 0 | (0) |
| International career | | | |
| 2012–2013 | Serbia U19 | 6 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 6 March 2020 | | | |


title: Miroslav Guzdek

abstract: Miroslav Guzdek is a male javelin thrower from the Czech Republic. His personal best throw is 85.74 metres, achieved in April 2002 in Germiston. He finished seventh at the 2003 World Championships in Paris with a throw of 81.40 metres. He also competed in the 2004 Olympics, but failed to qualify from his pool.

text:
# Miroslav Guzdek

**Miroslav Guzdek** (born 3 August 1975 in Třinec, Czechoslovakia) is a male javelin thrower from the Czech Republic. His personal best throw is 85.74 metres, achieved in April 2002 in Germiston.

He finished seventh at the 2003 World Championships in Paris with a throw of 81.40 metres. He also competed in the 2004 Olympics, but failed to qualify from his pool.

## Achievements

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2002 | European Championships | Munich, Germany | 20th | 75.84 m |
| 2003 | World Championships | Paris, France | 7th | 81.40 m |
| 2004 | Olympic Games | Athens, Greece | 23rd | 76.45 m |

## Seasonal bests by year

* 1999 - 77.36
* 2000 - 79.13
* 2001 - 82.40
* 2002 - **85.74**
* 2003 - 83.71
* 2004 - 79.06
* 2006 - 75.06
* 2007 - 78.32
* 2008 - 76.68
* 2009 - 77.91
* 2010 - 76.83


abstract: The Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment is a Government of India ministry. It is responsible for welfare, social justice and empowerment of disadvantaged and marginalised sections of society, including scheduled castes (SC), Other Backward Classes (OBC), LGBT people, the disabled, the elderly, and the victims of drug abuse. It also helps in the enforcement of legislation with regards to these marginalized groups to better enforce anti-discrimination policies. The Minister of Social Justice and Empowerment holds cabinet rank as a member of the Council of Ministers. The current minister is Virendra Kumar, who is assisted by two ministers of state, Ramdas Athawale and B. L. Verma.

text:
# Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment

The **Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment** is a Government of India ministry. It is responsible for welfare, social justice and empowerment of disadvantaged and marginalised sections of society, including scheduled castes (SC), Other Backward Classes (OBC), LGBT people, the disabled, the elderly, and the victims of drug abuse. It also helps in the enforcement of legislation with regards to these marginalized groups to better enforce anti-discrimination policies.

The Minister of Social Justice and Empowerment holds cabinet rank as a member of the Council of Ministers. The current minister is Virendra Kumar, who is assisted by two ministers of state, Ramdas Athawale and B. L. Verma.

## History

In 1985–1986, the former Ministry of Welfare was divided into the Department of Women and Child Development and the Department of Welfare. At the same time, the Departments of Scheduled Castes Development, Tribal Development, and Minorities and Backward Classes Welfare of the Ministry of Home Affairs and the Department of Wakf of the Ministry of Law were separated from those ministry to form the new Ministry of Welfare.

The Ministry of Welfare was renamed as the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment in May 1998. In October 1999, the Department of Tribal Development was separated to form the new and independent Ministry of Tribal Affairs. In May 2004 following the formation of the First Manmohan Singh ministry, the Department of Women and Child Development was separated to form an independent ministry to be known as the Ministry of Women and Child Development, while in January 2006, the Departments of Minorities Welfare and the Wakf were separated to form the Ministry of Minority Affairs. To propagate the ideologies and philosophy of Babu Jagjivan Ram, the 'Babu Jagjivan Ram National Foundation', has been set up by the Ministry.

In 2012, the Union Minister of Social Justice and Empowerment launched Oblindia, an online library for visually impaired college students. At launch, the library included 12,000 books in 10 languages.

## Organisation

The ministry has five bureaus, each headed by a Joint Secretary: Scheduled Castes Development Bureau; Backward Classes Bureau Coordination, Media, Administration; Disability Bureau; Social Defense (SD) Bureau; and Project, Research, Evaluation and Monitoring Bureau.

* **Composite Regional Centres for Persons with Disabilities (CRCs)**
* **Public Private Partnership**
    + **Indian Spinal Injury Centre**

## Legislation

## Cabinet Ministers

* **Note:** MoS, I/C  Minister of State (Independent Charge)

| No. | Portrait | | Minister
(Birth-Death)
Constituency | Term of office | | | Political party | Ministry | Prime Minister | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | From | | To | Period || | |
| Minister of Social Security | | | | | | | | | | |
| 1 |  |  | **Ram Subhag Singh**
(1917–1980)
MP for Bikramganj
(MoS) | 9 June
1964 | 13 June
1964 | **4 days** | Indian National Congress | Shastri |  | **Lal Bahadur Shastri** |
| 2 |  |  | **Ashoke Kumar Sen**
(1913–1996)
MP for Calcutta North West | 13 June
1964 | 11 January
1966 | | | | | **1 year, 212 days** |
| | | | 11 January
1966 | 24 January
1966 | | | Nanda II |  | **Gulzarilal Nanda** |
| Minister of Social Welfare | | | | | | | | | | |
| 3 |  |  | **Kotha Raghuramaiah**
(1912–1979)
MP for Guntur
(MoS) | 24 January
1966 | 25 March
1966 | **60 days** | Indian National Congress | Indira I |  | Indira Gandhi |
| 4 |  |  | **Asoka Mehta**
(1911–1984)
Rajya Sabha MP for Maharashtra, until 1967
MP for Bhandara | 25 March
1966 | 13 March
1967 | | | | | **2 years, 150 days** |
| | | | 13 March
1967 | 22 August
1968 | | | Indira II | | |
| 5 |  | |  | **Panampilly Govinda Menon**
(1906–1970)
MP for Mukundapuram | 22 August
1968 | | 23 May
1970 | | | **1 year, 274 days** |
| 6 |  | |  | **Kengal Hanumanthaiah**
(1908–1980)
MP for Bangalore City | 26 May
1970 | 18 March
1971 | **296 days** | Indian National Congress (R) | |  |
| 7 |  |  | **Siddhartha Shankar Ray**
(1920–2010)
MP for Raiganj | 18 March
1971 | 20 March
1972 | | | **1 year, 2 days** | | Indira III |
| 8 |  |  | **Saiyid Nurul Hasan**
(1921–1993)
Rajya Sabha MP for Uttar Pradesh
(MoS, I/C) | 24 March
1972 | 24 March
1977 | | | **5 years, 0 days** | |
| 9 |  |  | **Pratap Chandra Chunder**
(1919–2008)
MP for Calcutta North East | 24 March
1977 | 28 July
1979 | **2 years, 126 days** | Janata Party | Desai |  | **Morarji Desai** |
| 10 |  |  | **Karan Singh**
(born 1931)
MP for Udhampur | 28 July
1979 | 19 August
1979 | **22 days** | Indian National Congress (Urs) | **Charan** |  | **Charan Singh** |
| 11 |  |  | **Sathyavani Muthu**
(1923–1999)
Rajya Sabha MP for Tamil Nadu | 19 August
1979 | 23 December
1979 | **126 days** | | | | All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |
| 12 |  |  | **Shankarrao Chavan**
(1920–2004)
MP for Nanded | 19 October
1980 | 8 August
1981 | **293 days** | Indian National Congress (I) | Indira IV |  | **Indira Gandhi** |
| 13 |  |  | **Sheila Kaul**
(1915–2015)
MP for Lucknow
(MoS, I/C) | 8 August 1981 | 31 October 1984 | | | | | **3 years, 140 days** |
| | | | 4 November 1984 | 31 December 1984 | | | Rajiv I |  | **Rajiv Gandhi** |
| Minister of Women and Social Welfare | | | | | | | | | | |
| 14 |  |  | **Maragatham Chandrasekar**
(1917–2001)
MP for Sriperumbudur
(MoS, I/C) | 31 December 1984 | 25 September 1985 | **268 days** | Indian National Congress (I) | Rajiv II |  | **Rajiv Gandhi** |
| 15 |  |  | **Rajendra Kumari Bajpai**
(1925–1999)
MP for Sitapur
(MoS, I/C) | 25 September
1985 | 2 December
1989 | | | | | **4 years, 68 days** |
| Minister of Welfare | | | | | | | | | |
| 16 |  |  | **Ram Vilas Paswan**
(1946–2020)
MP for Hajipur | 6 December
1989 | 10 November
1990 | **1 year, 4 days** | Janata Dal | Vishwanath |  | **Vishwanath Pratap Singh** |
|  |  |  | **Chandra Shekhar**
(1927–2007)
MP for Ballia
(Prime Minister) | 21 November
1990 | 21 June
1991 | **212 days** | Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya) | Chandra Shekhar |  | **Chandra Shekhar** |
| 17 |  |  | **Sitaram Kesri**
(1919–2000)
Rajya Sabha MP for Bihar | 21 June
1991 | 16 May
1996 | **4 years, 330 days** | Indian National Congress (I) | Rao |  | **P. V. Narasimha Rao** |
| 18 |  |  | **Kariya Munda**
(born 1936)
MP for Khunti | 16 May
1996 | 1 June
1996 | **16 days** | Bharatiya Janata Party | Vajpayee I |  | **Atal Bihari Vajpayee** |
| 19 |  |  | **Balwant Singh Ramoowalia**
(born 1942)
Rajya Sabha MP for Uttar Pradesh | 1 June
1996 | 21 April
1997 | **1 year, 291 days** | Independent | Deve Gowda |  | **H. D. Deve Gowda** |
| | | | 21 April
1997 | 19 March
1998 | | | Gujral |  | **Inder Kumar Gujral** |
| 20 |  |  | **Maneka Gandhi**
(born 1956)
MP for Pilibhit
(MoS, I/C) | 19 March
1998 | 23 May
1998 | | **65 days** | Vajpayee II |  | **Atal Bihari Vajpayee** |
| Minister of Social Justice and Empowerment | | | | | | | | | | |
| 21 |  |  | **Maneka Gandhi**
(born 1956)
MP for Pilibhit
(MoS, I/C) | 23 May
1998 | 13 October
1999 | **3 years, 101 days** | Independent | Vajpayee II |  | **Atal Bihari Vajpayee** |
| | | | 13 October
1999 | 1 September
2001 | | | Vajpayee III | | |
| 22 |  | |  | **Satyanarayan Jatiya**
(born 1946)
MP for Ujjain | 1 September
2001 | 22 May
2004 | **2 years, 264 days** | | | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 23 |  |  | **Meira Kumar**
(born 1945)
MP for Sasaram | 23 May
2004 | 22 May
2009 | **4 years, 364 days** | Indian National Congress | Manmohan I |  | **Manmohan Singh** |
| 24 |  |  | **Mukul Wasnik**
(born 1959)
MP for Ramtek | 28 May
2009 | 27 October
2012 | | **3 years, 152 days** | | | Manmohan II |
| 26 |  |  | **Selja Kumari**
(born 1962)
MP for Ambala | 28 October
2012 | 28 January
2014 | | **1 year, 92 days** | | |
| 27 |  |  | **Mallikarjun Kharge**
(born 1941)
MP for Gulbarga | 28 January
2014 | 26 May
2014 | | **118 days** | | |
| 28 |  |  | **Thawar Chand Gehlot**
(born 1948)
Rajya Sabha MP for Madhya Pradesh | 27 May
2014 | 30 May
2019 | **7 years, 41 days** | Bharatiya Janata Party | Modi I |  | **Narendra Modi** |
| | | | 31 May
2019 | 7 July
2021 | | | Modi II | | |
| 29 |  | |  | **Virendra Kumar Khatik**
(born 1954)
MP for Tikamgarh | 7 July
2021 | | 9 June
2024 | | | **3 years, 94 days** |
| | | | 10 June
2024 | Incumbent | | | Modi III | | |
|

## Ministers of State

| No. | Portrait | | Minister
(Birth-Death)
Constituency | Term of office | | | Political party | Ministry | Prime Minister | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | From | | To | Period || | |
| Minister of State of Social Security | | | | | | | | | | |
| 1 |  |  | **Ramchandra Martand Hajarnavis**
(1908–1976)
MP for Bhandara | 29 October
1965 | 11 January
1966 | **74 days** | Indian National Congress | Shastri |  | **Lal Bahadur Shastri** |
| Minister of State of Social Welfare | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2 |  |  | **Phulrenu Guha**
(1912–2006)
Rajya Sabha MP for West Bengal | 13 March
1967 | 26 June
1970 | **3 years, 105 days** | Indian National Congress | Indira II |  | **Indira Gandhi** |
| 3 |  |  | **Kotha Raghuramaiah**
(1912–1979)
MP for Guntur | 18 March
1967 | 14 February
1969 | | | | | **1 year, 333 days** |
| 4 |  |  | **Jagannath Rao**
MP for Chatrapur | 27 June
1970 | 18 March
1971 | **264 days** | | Indian National Congress (R) | |  |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 5 |  |  | **Saiyid Nurul Hasan**
(1921–1993)
Rajya Sabha MP for Uttar Pradesh | 4 October
1971 | 24 March
1972 | **172 days** | | Indira III | |
|  | | | | | | | | | | |
| 6 |  |  | **Dhanna Singh Gulshan**
MP for Bathinda | 14 August
1977 | 28 July
1979 | **1 year, 348 days** | Janata Party | Desai |  | **Morarji Desai** |
| 7 |  |  | **Renuka Devi Barkataki**
(1932–2017)
MP for Gauhati | 16 August
1977 | 28 July
1979 | | | | | **1 year, 346 days** |
| 8 |  |  | **Rashida Haque Choudhury**
MP for Silchar | 30 July
1979 | 24 August
1979 | **25 days** | Indian National Congress (Urs) | Charan |  | **Charan Singh** |
|  | | | | | | | | | | |
| 9 |  |  | **Sheila Kaul**
(1915–2015)
MP for Lucknow | 19 October
1980 | 8 August
1981 | **293 days** | Indian National Congress (I) | Indira IV |  | **Indira Gandhi** |
| Minister of State for Welfare | | | | | | | | | | |
| 10 |  |  | **Aslam Sher Khan**
(born 1953)
MP for Betul | 15 September
1995 | 16 May
1996 | **244 days** | Indian National Congress (I) | Rao |  | **P. V. Narasimha Rao** |
| Minister of State for Social Justice and Empowerment | | | | | | | | | | |
| 11 |  |  | **Satyabrata Mookherjee**
(1932–2023)
MP for Krishnanagar | 1 July
2002 | 29 January
2003 | **212 days** | Bharatiya Janata Party | Vajpayee III |  | **Atal Bihari Vajpayee** |
| 12 |  |  | **Sanjay Paswan**
(born 1962)
MP for Nawada | 29 January
2003 | 24 May
2003 | | | | | **115 days** |
| 13 |  |  | **Kailash Chandra Meghwal**
(born 1934)
MP for Tonk | 24 May
2003 | 22 May
2004 | | | | | **364 days** |
| 14 |  |  | **Nagmani**
(born 1953)
MP for Chatra | 24 May
2003 | 22 May
2004 | | | | | **364 days** |
| 15 |  |  | **Subbulakshmi Jagadeesan**
(born 1947)
MP for Tiruchengode | 23 May
2004 | 22 May
2009 | **4 years, 364 days** | Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | Manmohan I |  | **Manmohan Singh** |
| 16 |  |  | **Napoleon**
(born 1963)
MP for Perambalur | 28 May
2009 | 20 March
2013 | | **3 years, 296 days** | | | Manmohan II |
| 17 |  |  | **Porika Balram Naik**
(born 1964)
MP for Mahabubabad | 28 October
2012 | 26 May
2014 | | **1 year, 210 days** | | | Indian National Congress |
| 18 |  |  | **Manikrao Hodlya Gavit**
(1934–2022)
MP for Nandurbar | 17 June
2013 | 26 May
2014 | | **343 days** | | |
| 19 |  |  | **Sudarshan Bhagat**
(born 1969)
MP for Lohardaga | 27 May
2014 | 9 November
2014 | **166 days** | Bharatiya Janata Party | Modi I |  | **Narendra Modi** |
| 20 |  |  | **Krishan Pal Gurjar**
(born 1957)
MP for Faridabad | 9 November
2014 | 30 May
2019 | | | | | **4 years, 202 days** |
| 21 |  |  | **Vijay Sampla**
(born 1961)
MP for Hoshiarpur | 9 November
2014 | 30 May
2019 | | | | | **4 years, 202 days** |
| 22 |  |  | **Ramdas Athawale**
(born 1959)
Rajya Sabha MP for Maharashtra | 5 July
2016 | 30 May
2019 | **2 years, 329 days** | | | | Republican Party of India (Athawale) |
| (20) |  |  | **Krishan Pal Gurjar**
(born 1957)
MP for Faridabad | 31 May
2019 | 7 July
2021 | **2 years, 37 days** | Bharatiya Janata Party | | | Modi II |
| (22) |  |  | **Ramdas Athawale**
(born 1959)
Rajya Sabha MP for Maharashtra | 31 May
2019 | 9 June
2024 | **5 years, 9 days** | | | | Republican Party of India (Athawale) |
| 23 |  |  | **Rattan Lal Kataria**
(1951–2023)
MP for Ambala | 31 May
2019 | 7 July
2021 | **2 years, 37 days** | | | | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| 24 |  |  | **A. Narayanaswamy**
(born 1957)
MP for Chitradurga | 7 July
2021 | 9 June
2024 | | | | | **2 years, 338 days** |
| 25 |  |  | **Pratima Bhoumik**
(born 1969)
MP for Tripura West | 7 July
2021 | 9 June
2024 | | | | | **2 years, 338 days** |
| (22) |  |  | **Ramdas Athawale**
(born 1959)
Rajya Sabha MP for Maharashtra | 11 June
2024 | Incumbent | **120 days** | Republican Party of India (Athawale) | | | Modi III |
| 26 |  |  | **B. L. Verma**
(born 1961)
Rajya Sabha MP for Uttar Pradesh | 11 June
2024 | Incumbent | **120 days** | | | | Bharatiya Janata Party |
|| |

## InfoBox

Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment
| Government of India | |
| --- | --- |
| Agency overview | |
| Jurisdiction | Government of India |
| Headquarters | Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment
Shastri Bhawan,
C-Wing,
Dr. Rajendra Prasad Road
New Delhi,110011
New Delhi |
| Annual budget | 6,908 crore (US$830 million) (2017-18 est.) |
| Ministers responsible |  |
| Website | socialjustice.gov.in |


title: Western Corridor NRL bid

abstract: The Western Corridor NRL bid is a proposed NRL team to be based in Brisbane's growing Western Corridor in an expanded National Rugby League competition. The Western Corridor NRL bid was launched on 14 August 2010. The bid is headquartered in Ipswich, Queensland and is closely associated with the Ipswich Jets. The bid promotes the benefits of having a third South-East Queensland club to boost television ratings, attendances and promote the code in a "heartland" area.

text:
# Western Corridor NRL bid

The **Western Corridor NRL bid** is a proposed NRL team to be based in Brisbane's growing Western Corridor in an expanded National Rugby League competition. The Western Corridor NRL bid was launched on 14 August 2010. The bid is headquartered in Ipswich, Queensland and is closely associated with the Ipswich Jets.

The bid promotes the benefits of having a third South-East Queensland club to boost television ratings, attendances and promote the code in a "heartland" area.

## History and bid region

Rugby league football has been played in Brisbane and Ipswich for over a century and is currently represented in the Queensland Cup by the Ipswich Jets.

In 2009, before the bid was launched, Ipswich Mayor Paul Pisasale invited then NRL CEO David Gallop to tour the region. Gallop stressed the importance of establishing an NRL side in the "Ipswich-Logan corridor" and was famously quoted as saying the NRL should expand "where the fish are biting".

In February 2021, it was announced that the Western Corridor and Brisbane Bombers bids would merge to form a new entity, known as the Brisbane Jets.

The club's heartland region will encompass Ipswich, Logan and Toowoomba while also supporting South West Queensland.

## Club identity

The local Intrust Super Cup team The Ipswich Jets would most likely be promoted into the National Rugby League.

## Headquarters and stadium

It is envisioned that the club will base itself out of Springfield, this location was selected as it is geographically roughly halfway between Ipswich and Logan and is serviced by the Springfield railway line.

The club will initially use the existing training facilities at **Brothers Ipswich RLFC** in Ipswich while the permanent state-funded training and administration facilities are built in Springfield.

South East Queensland's largest stadium is Lang Park and is home to **NRL** club the Brisbane Broncos. The bid has proposed that it initially play out of Lang Park while it waits for a permanent stadium to be built in the Ripley Valley or in Springfield

A planned upgrade to Ipswich Jets home ground North Ipswich Reserve, which would turn it into a boutique stadium with a capacity of at least 20,000, has also been suggested as a possible stadium to host an NRL team as well as a proposed Ipswich A-League team.

## Community

The club will be based on the not-for-profit, community-owned model of the Green Bay Packers in the NFL

The bid has also planned the development of feeder teams in the **Queensland Cup**, such as reviving the Toowoomba Clydesdales or promoting the Western Mustangs into the Intrust Super Cup, in order to provide direct pathways for players to progress into the NRL team.

In 2012 University of Queensland partnered with the bid in an effort to further provide more educational pathways for youth in the region and to also further target Indigenous youth.

## Bid support

During the 2010 Annual CEO conference the Western Corridor bid and the West Coast Pirates bid were seen as preferable expansion locations.

The bid is also supported by Ipswich Mayor Anthony Antonelli and the City of Ipswich. It is also backed by Brothers Ipswich, despite the launch of a Brothers Confraternity NRL bid.

Many rugby league personalities, such as Johnathan Thurston and Sam Thaiday have also publicly supported the bid.

## InfoBox

Western Corridor NRL bid
| The logo of the bid | |
| --- | --- |
| Status | Ongoing |
| Location | |
| Region | Western Brisbane |
| Sport information | |
| Sport | Rugby league |
| League | National Rugby League (NRL) |
| History | |
| First proposed | 14 August 2010 |


title: Western Counties Air Operations Unit

abstract: The Western Counties Air Operations Unit was a joint consortium established to provide police aviation for Avon and Somerset Constabulary and Gloucestershire Constabulary. It was formed in August 1995, and operated a Eurocopter EC135 from Bristol Filton Airport. In July 2013, the unit was subsumed into the National Police Air Service, subsequently moving to the nearby base of the Great Western Air Ambulance adjacent to the Almondsbury M4/M5 Interchange in South Gloucestershire.

text:
# Western Counties Air Operations Unit

The **Western Counties Air Operations Unit** was a joint consortium established to provide police aviation for Avon and Somerset Constabulary and Gloucestershire Constabulary. It was formed in August 1995, and operated a Eurocopter EC135 from Bristol Filton Airport.

In July 2013, the unit was subsumed into the National Police Air Service, subsequently moving to the nearby base of the Great Western Air Ambulance adjacent to the Almondsbury M4/M5 Interchange in South Gloucestershire.


title: Mirabilia Urbis Romae

abstract: Mirabilia Urbis Romae is a grouping of hundreds of manuscripts, incunabula, and books in Latin and modern European languages that describe notable built works and historic monuments in the city of Rome. Most of these texts were intended as guidebooks to the city for pilgrims and visitors. Before the fourteenth century, however, the core text seems instead to have served as a census of the built patrimony of the city, the decus Urbis. This inheritance represented the strength of Rome and the power of the institutions that controlled it. The first compilation in the Mirabilia tradition, produced in the early 1140s, is credited to a canon of St. Peter’s Basilica named Benedict.

text:
# Mirabilia Urbis Romae

***Mirabilia Urbis Romae*** (“Marvels of the City of Rome”) is a grouping of hundreds of manuscripts, incunabula, and books in Latin and modern European languages that describe notable built works and historic monuments in the city of Rome. Most of these texts were intended as guidebooks to the city for pilgrims and visitors. Before the fourteenth century, however, the core text seems instead to have served as a census of the built patrimony of the city, the *decus Urbis*. This inheritance represented the strength of Rome and the power of the institutions that controlled it.

The first compilation in the *Mirabilia* tradition, produced in the early 1140s, is credited to a canon of St. Peter’s Basilica named Benedict.

## Original Context and Content

Benedict’s *Mirabilia* (though it did not yet have that title) constitutes a part of his *Liber Polypticus*, which also contains papal inventories and another, much earlier census of Roman built works, the *Curiosum urbis Romae,* which the *Mirabilia* resembles. The *Mirabilia* begins with a description of the walls of Rome, detailing towers, fortifications, and gates; then triumphal arches, hills, baths, ancient buildings, theaters, places related to saints’ martyrdom; then bridges, cemeteries, and a few important ancient monuments and histories. There follows an itinerary from the Vatican to the Trastevere, although it focuses almost exclusively on ancient monuments — that is, it describes the ancient heritage of the city, not all points of interest.

This textual nucleus correlates with the late antique concepts of *decus* (decorum) and *ornatus* (ornament), used to describe the infrastructure and monuments of Rome that were protected from scavenging and seen to represent the political power of Rome’s rulers. While Benedict’s compilation is closely linked to the papacy, long the steward of Rome’s monuments and infrastructure, other versions from only a little later seem to come instead from the ambit of the Roman Senate, the key institution of the medieval commune then taking control of much of the city. None of the early versions have any clear connection with pilgrimage or travel.

## Combinations and Transformations

Starting in the 14th century, a re-elaboration of the *Mirabilia* dubbed the *Historia et descriptio urbis Romae* began to appear in combination with the *Indulgentiae ecclesiarum urbis Romae* focusing on the churches of Rome, and the *Stationes ecclesiarum urbis Romae* that included a calendar listing masses at various Roman churches. These assemblages were clearly intended for pilgrims.

The first important printed copy was compiled around 1475 under the title *Mirabilia Romae velpotius Historia et descriptio urbis Romae*. For the jubilee year of 1500, Roman printers stayed busy churning out editions in Latin, Italian, German, French, and Spanish. While earlier editions had included fanciful accounts of ancient history and misidentifications of the subjects of portrait statuary, the knowledge accumulated by Renaissance humanists allowed for an increasingly grounded and realistic rendering of Rome’s past. Although guides now included both ancient and Christian monuments, they stopped short of describing recent works of art and architecture.

Some authors set out to supersede the *Mirabilia* with new descriptions from a fresh point of view. Among them were Leon Battista Alberti with his *Descriptio urbis Romae*, written *ca.* 1433. Another was Flavio Biondo with *Roma instaurata*, written in 1444 and circulated in manuscript; it was printed in 1481.

Modern critical attention was first drawn to the different versions of *Mirabilia Urbis Romae* by the 19th-century archaeologist of Christian Rome, Giovanni Battista de Rossi.

## Contents

The contents of the *Mirabilia* fall into the following sections, the title headings being taken from the "Liber Censuum":

* De muro urbis (concerning the wall of the city);
* De portis urbis (the gates of the city);
* De miliaribus (the milestones);
* Nomina portarum (the names of the gates);
* Quot porte sunt Transtiberim (how many gates are beyond the Tiber);
* De arcubus (the arches);
* De montibus (the hills);
* De termis (the baths);
* De palatiis (the palaces);
* De theatris (the theatres);
* De locis qui inveniuntur in sanctorum passionibus (the places mentioned in the "passions" of the saints);
* De pontibus (the bridges);
* De cimiteriis (the cemeteries);
* De iussione Octaviani imperatoris et responsione Sibille (the Emperor Octavian's question and the Sibyl's response);
* Quare facti sunt caballi marmorei (why the marble horses were made);
* De nominibus iudicum et eorum instructionibus (the names of the judges and their instructions);
* De columna Antonii et Trajani (the column of Antony and Trajan);
* Quare factus sit equus qui dicitur Constantinus (why the horse was made, which is called of Constantine);
* Quare factum sit Pantheon et postmodum oratio B. (why the Pantheon was built and later oration B.);
* Quare Octavianus vocatus sit Augustus et quare dicatur ecclesia Sancti Petri ad vincula (Why Octavianus was called Augustus, and why the church of St. Peter ad Vincula was so called);
* De vaticano et Agulio (of the Vatican and the Needle);
* Quot sunt templa trans Tiberim (how many temples are beyond the Tiber);
* Predicatio sanctorum (the preaching of the saints).

* Miedema, Nine Robijntje (1996). *Die "Mirabilia Romae": Untersuchungen zu ihrer Überlieferung mit Edition der deutschen und niederländischen Texte* (in German). Tübingen: de Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-484-89108-1.
* Accame, Maria; Dell'Oro, Emy (2004). *I «Mirabilia urbis Romae»* (in Italian). Tivoli (Roma): Tored. ISBN 88-88617-06-X.
* Dario Internullo (2020). "«Decus Urbis». Un'altra prospettiva sui «Mirabilia» di Roma e le origini del decoro urbano (secoli XII-XV)". *Quaderni storici* (1): 159–183. doi:10.1408/98277. ISSN 0301-6307.

## Further reading


title: West Bound Limited

abstract: West Bound Limited is a 1937 American action film directed by Ford Beebe and starring Lyle Talbot, Polly Rowles, Frank Reicher, Henry Brandon, Henry Hunter and William Lundigan. Written by Maurice Geraghty, the film was released on July 11, 1937, by Universal Pictures. The film was recorded at various locations along the South Pacific Coast Railroad in Santa Cruz County, California.

text:
# West Bound Limited

***West Bound Limited*** is a 1937 American action film directed by Ford Beebe and starring Lyle Talbot, Polly Rowles, Frank Reicher, Henry Brandon, Henry Hunter and William Lundigan. Written by Maurice Geraghty, the film was released on July 11, 1937, by Universal Pictures. The film was recorded at various locations along the South Pacific Coast Railroad in Santa Cruz County, California.

## Plot

Night-dispatcher Dave Tolliver is found guilty of negligence after not changing the tracks for a passenger train, when trying to stop a masked robber, he later escapes prison and goes cover for a dispatcher that has fallen ill, then he founds out that the robber works in that station.

## Cast

## InfoBox

| West Bound Limited | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | Ford Beebe |
| Screenplay by | Maurice Geraghty |
| Story by | Ford Beebe |
| Produced by | Ben Koenig
Henry MacRae |
| Starring | Lyle Talbot
Polly Rowles
Frank Reicher
Henry Brandon
Henry Hunter
William Lundigan |
| Cinematography | Jerome Ash
Elwood Bredell |
| Edited by | Philip Cahn |
| Production
company | Universal Pictures |
| Distributed by | Universal Pictures |
| Release date | * July 11, 1937 (1937-07-11) |
| Running time | 76 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: Mirków, Łódź Voivodeship

abstract: Mirków is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wieruszów, within Wieruszów County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland.

text:
# Mirków, Łódź Voivodeship

**Mirków** \[ˈmirkuf\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wieruszów, within Wieruszów County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland.

## InfoBox

| Mirków | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Mirków | |
| Coordinates: 51°18′57″N 18°09′12″E / 51.31583°N 18.15333°E / 51.31583; 18.15333 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Łódź |
| County | Wieruszów |
| Gmina | Wieruszów |
| Population | 800 |


title: Mir Bacha Kot

abstract: Mir Bacha Kot is a village and the center of Mir Bacha Kot District, Kabul Province, Afghanistan. It is located at 34.7467°N 69.1164°E at 1,690 m altitude, 25 km north of Kabul. The village infrastructure was destroyed during the war.

text:
# Mir Bacha Kot

**Mir Bacha Kot** is a village and the center of Mir Bacha Kot District, Kabul Province, Afghanistan. It is located at 34°44′48″N 69°06′59″E / 34.7467°N 69.1164°E / 34.7467; 69.1164 at 1,690 m altitude, 25 km north of Kabul. The village infrastructure was destroyed during the war.

## InfoBox

| Mir Bacha Kot | |
| --- | --- |
| Mir Bacha KotLocation in Afghanistan | |
| Coordinates: 34°44′48″N 69°6′59″E / 34.74667°N 69.11639°E / 34.74667; 69.11639 | |
| Country | Afghanistan |
| Province | Kabul Province |
| District | Mir Bacha Kot District |
| Elevation | 5,540 ft (1,690 m) |
| Time zone | UTC+4:30 |


title: Mirante da Serra

abstract: Mirante da Serra is a municipality located in the Brazilian state of Rondônia. Its population was 10,818 (2020) and its area is 1,192 km².

text:
# Mirante da Serra

**Mirante da Serra** is a municipality located in the Brazilian state of Rondônia. Its population was 10,818 (2020) and its area is 1,192 km².

## InfoBox

| Mirante da Serra | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
|  | |
| Location in Rondônia state | |
| Mirante da SerraLocation in Brazil | |
| Coordinates: 11°1′47″S 62°40′30″W / 11.02972°S 62.67500°W / -11.02972; -62.67500 | |
| Country | Brazil |
| Region | North |
| State | Rondônia |
| Area | |
| Total | 1,192 km2 (460 sq mi) |
| Population (2020 ) | |
| Total | 10,818 |
| Density | 9.1/km2 (24/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC−4 (AMT) |


title: Misaki, Chiba

abstract: Misaki was a town located in Isumi District, Chiba Prefecture, Japan. Misaki was formed on August 1, 1961, by the merger of the towns of Chōjamachi and Taitō. On December 5, 2005, Misaki was merged into the towns of Isumi (former) and Ōhara, to create the city of Isumi, and thus no longer exists as an independent municipality. In 2005, the town had an estimated population of 15,273 and a density of 327.3 persons per km⁲. Its total area was 46.66 km⁲. The town's economy was largely based on commercial fishing.

text:
# Misaki, Chiba

**Misaki** (岬町, *Misaki-machi*) was a town located in Isumi District, Chiba Prefecture, Japan.

Misaki was formed on August 1, 1961, by the merger of the towns of Chōjamachi and Taitō.

On December 5, 2005, Misaki was merged into the towns of Isumi (former) and Ōhara (both from Isumi District), to create the city of Isumi, and thus no longer exists as an independent municipality.

In 2005 (the last data available before its merger into Isumi), the town had an estimated population of 15,273 and a density of 327.3 persons per km2. Its total area was 46.66 km2.

The town's economy was largely based on commercial fishing.

## InfoBox

| Misaki 岬町 | |
| --- | --- |
| Former municipality | |
| Location of Misaki in Chiba Prefecture | |
| MisakiLocation in Japan | |
| Coordinates: 35°17′48″N 140°23′24″E / 35.29667°N 140.39000°E / 35.29667; 140.39000 | |
| Country | Japan |
| Region | Kantō |
| Prefecture | Chiba Prefecture |
| District | Isumi |
| Merged | December 5, 2005
(now part of Isumi) |
| Area | |
| Total | 46.66 km2 (18.02 sq mi) |
| Population (April 1, 2005) | |
| Total | 15,273 |
| Density | 327.3/km2 (848/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+09:00 (JST) |
|  | |
| Symbols | |
|  | |
| Tree | Ume |
|  | |


title: Westerway railway station

abstract: Westerway Railway Station is a railway station in the settlement of Westerway on the Darwent Valley Railway in Tasmania, Australia. The station was built in 1909 after the track was extended from Glenore. The station was the starting point for the pack horse journey to the Adamsfield osmiridium mine. As the timber industry became more important to the area, sawmills were built and the railway was used to transport logs to Boyer and Hobart. By the 1990s, alternative transportation made the continued use of the railway unprofitable and by 1995, no trains ran beyond New Norfolk. However, the Derwent Valley Railway was, until recently, used by tourists to visit the area. The Westerway station building has been restored by volunteers at the Derwent Valley Railway.

text:
# Westerway railway station

**Westerway Railway Station** is a railway station in the settlement of Westerway on the Darwent Valley Railway in Tasmania, Australia. The station was built in 1909 after the track was extended from Glenore.

The station was the starting point for the pack horse journey to the Adamsfield osmiridium mine. As the timber industry became more important to the area, sawmills were built and the railway was used to transport logs to Boyer and Hobart. By the 1990s, alternative transportation made the continued use of the railway unprofitable and by 1995, no trains ran beyond New Norfolk. However, the Derwent Valley Railway was, until recently, used by tourists to visit the area.

The Westerway station building has been restored by volunteers at the Derwent Valley Railway.

42°40′57″S 146°47′03″E / 42.6824°S 146.7842°E / -42.6824; 146.7842


title: Westerwick

abstract: Westerwick is a settlement on Mainland in Shetland, Scotland. The settlement is within the parish of Sandsting. It faces south with high cliffs on both sides of the wick. There is a small stony beach at the head, and the surrounding land is greener with fewer rocky outcrops than the usual Shetland scene. Westerwick is separated from Silwick by the Ward of Silwick and is about three miles from Skeld, on the West Shetland Mainland. There are just a few houses here and the whole area makes for fine cliff walking. Westerwick was the birthplace of Thomas Alexander Robertson, better known as the poet Vagaland.

text:
# Westerwick

**Westerwick** is a settlement on Mainland in Shetland, Scotland. The settlement is within the parish of Sandsting. It faces south with high cliffs on both sides of the wick. There is a small stony beach at the head, and the surrounding land is greener with fewer rocky outcrops than the usual Shetland scene.

Westerwick is separated from Silwick by the Ward of Silwick and is about three miles from Skeld, on the West Shetland Mainland. There are just a few houses here and the whole area makes for fine cliff walking.

Westerwick was the birthplace of Thomas Alexander Robertson, better known as the poet Vagaland.

## InfoBox

| Westerwick | |
| --- | --- |
| Wester Wick Inlet with Westerwick village in distance | |
| WesterwickLocation within Shetland | |
| OS grid reference | HU283427 |
| Civil parish |  |
| Council area |  |
| Lieutenancy area |  |
| Country | Scotland |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | SHETLAND |
| Postcode district | ZE2 |
| Dialling code | 01595 |
|  | |
| Police | Scotland |
| Fire | Scottish |
| Ambulance | Scottish |
|  | |
| UK Parliament |  |
| Scottish Parliament |  |
|


title: Whale Cove (Oregon)

abstract: Whale Cove is a small cove, approximately one-third of a mile (0.5 km) in diameter, located on the Pacific Coast of Oregon in the United States, approximately 1.4 mi (2.3 km) south of the city of Depoe Bay. The cove is located at approximately 44 deg 44 min N latitude. The ocean portion of the cove is protected as a marine reserve, and land portions of the cove are protected as parts of Rocky Creek State Scenic Viewpoint and Oregon Islands National Wildlife Refuge.

text:
# Whale Cove (Oregon)

|  |
| --- |
|  |

**Whale Cove** is a small cove, approximately one-third of a mile (0.5 km) in diameter, located on the Pacific Coast of Oregon in the United States, approximately 1.4 mi (2.3 km) south of the city of Depoe Bay. The cove is located at approximately 44 deg 44 min N latitude.

The ocean portion of the cove is protected as a marine reserve, and land portions of the cove are protected as parts of Rocky Creek State Scenic Viewpoint and Oregon Islands National Wildlife Refuge.

## Drake theory

In 1978, British amateur historian Bob Ward proposed that Whale Cove was the location where Francis Drake spent the summer of 1579 during his circumnavigation of the globe by sea. The exact location of Drake's landing spot, at which he claimed a portion of the west coast of North America as "New Albion", has been claimed to be identified by proponents of more than twenty sites. The officially recognized Drake landing site is at the Drakes Bay Historic and Archaeological District National Landmark in northern California on the coast of Marin County.

Ward proposed Whale Cove as the actual spot of Drake's landing based on its similarity to a 16th-century map made by Jodocus Hondius. Ward theorized that Drake may have conspired with Queen Elizabeth I to mislead the Spanish about the true location of the cove to keep the Spanish from discovering Puget Sound, which Ward believes that Drake thought was the Northwest Passage.

One longstanding puzzling feature of the Hondius map is the small island on the peninsula protecting the cove. According to Ward, a narrow strip of the peninsula protecting Whale Cove "has a strip through which water flows at high tide" turning 80% of the peninsula into an island.

Whale Cove remains an unnavigable bay in a dangerous part of the Oregon coast: mariners are advised to stay at least 600 yards (550 m) offshore for the distance one mile north of Whale Cove to one mile south of Whale Cove. Whale Cove is not considered a usable bay by any size of vessel.

## Further reading

* Samuel Bawlf, *The Secret Voyage of Sir Francis Drake*, Penguin Books, ISBN 0-14-200459-6

44°47′19″N 124°4′17″W / 44.78861°N 124.07139°W / 44.78861; -124.07139


title: Whale Meat Again

abstract: Whale Meat Again is the second studio album by the British musician Jim Capaldi, released by Island Records in 1974. Like his first solo album, it failed commercially in his native United Kingdom but did better in the United States. With help from the opening track, "It's All Right", which spent seven weeks in the Billboard Hot 100 and peaked at number 55, the album reached number 191 in the Billboard 200.

text:
# Whale Meat Again

***Whale Meat Again*** is the second studio album by the British musician Jim Capaldi, released by Island Records in 1974. Like his first solo album, it failed commercially in his native United Kingdom but did better in the United States. With help from the opening track, "It's All Right", which spent seven weeks in the *Billboard* Hot 100 and peaked at number 55, the album reached number 191 in the *Billboard* 200.

## Reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *Classic Rock* |  |

AllMusic's retrospective review commented that the album was more focused on mood than Capaldi's debut, with longer songs built on soulful grooves "giving this album a funkier, open feel that lingers longer than the songs." In a review for the 2012 reissue of the album, Terry Stauntman of the British magazine *Classic Rock* remarked how this album "represents a further moving away from Traffic's sound and Capaldi marking out his own territory more forcefully".

## Track listing

All tracks composed by Jim Capaldi except where indicated.

Side one 1. "It's All Right" – 4:12
2. "Whale Meat Again" – 4:33
3. "Yellow Sun" – 7:16
4. "I've Got So Much Lovin'" – 4:45

Side two 1. "Low Rider" – 5:40
2. "My Brother" – 5:02
3. "Summer Is Fading" – 8:30 \[concept credited to Vivian Stanshall\]
4. "We'll Meet Again" (Hughie Charles, Ross Parker) – 1:25 \[Unlisted track\]

Two additional tracks were recorded in the same sessions. The first, an acoustic version of "Whale Meat Again", was released only on the B-side of the single "It's All Up to You" (from the album *Short Cut Draw Blood*). The second, "You & Me", was eventually released on the compilation album *Koss*. Capaldi also re-recorded "You & Me" with partially different lyrics and a new title, "The Contender", for his album of the same name.

## Personnel

### Musicians

Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section

(all tracks except on "Summer Is Fading")

Additional musicians

### Technical

## InfoBox

| Whale Meat Again | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Jim Capaldi | |
| Released | June 1974 (UK) / August 1974 (US/Canada) |
| Recorded | 1974 |
| Genre | Rock |
| Length | 41:02 |
| Label | Island - ILPS 9254 |
| Producer | Jim Capaldi |
| Jim Capaldi chronology | |
| *Oh How We Danced*
(1972) ***Whale Meat Again***
(1974) *Short Cut Draw Blood*
(1975) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Whale Meat Again* | |
| 1. "It's All Up To You"
Released: July 1974 | |
|  | |


abstract: Whale Mountain is a 3,043-foot (928 m), summit in the northwestern Cuyamaca Mountains in San Diego County, California. It is located between Ramona and Santa Ysabel, near Ballena Valley. Ballena takes its name from the mountain, ballena being Spanish for "whale". The Spanish name was the equivalent of the Ipai word ipank which also means "whale", and which was their name for the mountain. Whale Mountain is known for being desert-like and containing many desert plants and animals, such as cacti.

text:
# Whale Mountain (San Diego County, California)

**Whale Mountain** is a 3,043-foot (928 m), summit in the northwestern Cuyamaca Mountains in San Diego County, California. It is located between Ramona and Santa Ysabel, near Ballena Valley.

Ballena takes its name from the mountain, *ballena* being Spanish for "whale". The Spanish name was the equivalent of the Ipai word *ipank* which also means "whale", and which was their name for the mountain.

Whale Mountain is known for being desert-like and containing many desert plants and animals, such as cacti.

## InfoBox

| Whale Mountain | |
| --- | --- |
| Whale MountainWhale Mountain | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 3,043 ft (928 m)NAVD 88 |
| Prominence | 403 ft (123 m) |
| Coordinates | 33°04′32″N 116°45′40″W / 33.075615°N 116.761114°W / 33.075615; -116.761114 |
| Geography | |
| Location | San Diego County, California, U.S. |
| Parent range | Cuyamaca Mountains |
| Topo map | USGS Ramona |


title: Mirsahib Abbasov

abstract: Mirsahib Abbasov is an Azerbaijani professional footballer who plays as a forward for Iravan in the Azerbaijan First League.

text:
# Mirsahib Abbasov

**Mirsahib Abbasov** is an Azerbaijani professional footballer who plays as a forward for Iravan in the Azerbaijan First League.

## Club career

On 29 November 2014, Abbasov made his debut in the Azerbaijan Premier League for Keşla match against Baku.

## InfoBox

Mirsahib Abbasov
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Mirsahib Miryavar oglu Abbasov | | |
| Date of birth | (1993-01-19) 19 January 1993 | | |
| Place of birth | Baku, Azerbaijan | | |
| Height | 1.78 m (5 ft 10 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Forward | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | Iravan | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2014–2017 | Keşla | 48 | (6) |
| 2018–2019 | Zira | 26 | (3) |
| 2019–2022 | Sabail | 45 | (2) |
| 2022–2023 | Zira | 1 | (0) |
| 2023– | Iravan |  |  |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 6 November 2023 | | | |


title: Miss Herbert (The Suburban Wife)

abstract: Miss Herbert (1976) is a novel by Australian writer Christina Stead.

text:
# Miss Herbert (The Suburban Wife)

***Miss Herbert (The Suburban Wife)*** (1976) is a novel by Australian writer Christina Stead.

## Story outline

The novel follows the life of Eleanor Herbert Brent, a recent university graduate, living in London and engaged to be married. Over the next few years she breaks her engagement, embarks on affair with a man she meets on a boat, leaves him, becomes engaged again, and then breaks off that engagement as well. She finally marries and has children but finds herself alone when her husband departs. She finds some success on the fringes of the literary world yet never really comes to know herself.

## Critical reception

Helen Yglesias in *The New York Times* found that this "is a supremely English novel, infused with the troubled, cocky and half‐defeated spirit of contemporary England. George Orwell might have written such a book, if women interested him, which they didn't, and if his style was not so flat out." And concludes "A wonderful book. The life story of a British beauty is a metaphor for England in its present hour."

*Encyclopedia of the Novel* notes that the novel "observes Miss Herbert's career in close details without offering judgment on the corruption and vapidity of her existence. The reader must deduce these from both the abundance of sordid detail and Miss Herbert's incomprehensible lack of historical awareness."

## InfoBox

Miss Herbert (The Suburban Wife)
| First edition | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Christina Stead |
| Language | English |
| Genre | Literary fiction |
| Publisher | Random House |
| Publication date | 1976 |
| Publication place | Australia |
| Media type | Print |
| Pages | 308pp |
| ISBN | 039440517X |
| Preceded by | *The Little Hotel* |
| Followed by | *I'm Dying Laughing: The Humourist* |


title: Wharfedale Hospital

abstract: Wharfedale Hospital is located in the market town of Otley, West Yorkshire, England, and is managed by the Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust.

text:
# Wharfedale Hospital

**Wharfedale Hospital** (formerly known as **Wharfedale General Hospital**) is located in the market town of Otley, West Yorkshire, England, and is managed by the Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust.

## History

The facility has its origins in an infirmary built for the Wharfedale Union Workhouse on the Newall Carr Road in 1873. An infirmary with 70 beds was added in 1907 and was administered by the Wharfedale Board of Guardians until 1930. It went on to become the Otley County Institution and then became Otley County Hospital.

The facility joined the National Health Service as Otley County Hospital in 1948 and later became Wharfedale General Hospital. In the 1990s it became clear the existing building was unsuitable for purpose. A new hospital was commissioned and the old site redeveloped into an estate called Wharfedale Park, with many of the original buildings being converted into flats.

The new hospital, located just to the west of the old facility, was officially opened by the Princess Royal on 26 January 2005. The local Member of Parliament, Harold Best, was involved in securing the location of the hospital.

## InfoBox

| Wharfedale Hospital | |
| --- | --- |
| Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust | |
| Wharfedale Hospital | |
| Shown in West Yorkshire | |
| Geography | |
| Location | Otley, West Yorkshire, England |
| Coordinates | 53°54′51″N 1°42′00″W / 53.9141°N 1.7001°W / 53.9141; -1.7001 |
| Organisation | |
| Care system | NHS |
| Type | General |
| History | |
| Opened | 1873 |
| Links | |
| Website | www.leedsth.nhs.uk/patients-visitors/our-hospitals/wharfedale-hospital/ |
| Lists | Hospitals in England |


title: Misratdin Iskandarov

abstract: Misratdin Iskandarov is an Azerbaijani chess grandmaster.

text:
# Misratdin Iskandarov

**Misratdin Iskandarov** is an Azerbaijani chess grandmaster.

## Chess career

In December 2021, Iskandarov won the International Bicapawn Open by defeating Masoud Mosadeghpour in the final round.

In May 2022, he led the Sharjah Masters tournament after the third round.

In May 2023, he was defeated by Hans Niemann in the fourth round of the Dubai Open Chess Tournament.

Iskandarov competed in the Chess World Cup 2023, where he defeated the higher-seeded Bobby Cheng in the first round, but was defeated by Gukesh D in the second round.

## InfoBox

| Misratdin Iskandarov | |
| --- | --- |
| Iskandarov in 2011 | |
| Country | Azerbaijan |
| Born | (1995-01-14) January 14, 1995<br>Sumgait, Azerbaijan |
| Title | Grandmaster (2020) |
| FIDE rating | 2507 (October 2024) |
| Peak rating | 2601 (May 2022) |


title: Mirosław Pietrewicz

abstract: Mirosław Pietrewicz was a Polish politician. A member of the Polish People's Party, he served as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of State Treasury from 1996 to 1997. He also served in the Sejm from 1997 to 2001. He died in Warsaw on 6 May 2022 at the age of 81.

text:
# Mirosław Pietrewicz

**Mirosław Pietrewicz** (2 January 1941 – 6 May 2022) was a Polish politician. A member of the Polish People's Party, he served as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of State Treasury from 1996 to 1997. He also served in the Sejm from 1997 to 2001. He died in Warsaw on 6 May 2022 at the age of 81.

## InfoBox

| Mirosław Pietrewicz | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Deputy Prime Minister of the Republic of Poland | |
| **In office**
7 February 1996  31 October 1997 | |
| Preceded by | Roman Jagieliński |
| Succeeded by | Marek Belka |
| Minister of State Treasury | |
| **In office**
1 October 1996  31 October 1997 | |
| Preceded by | Wiesław Kaczmarek |
| Succeeded by | Emil Wąsacz |
| Member of the Sejm | |
| **In office**
1997–2001 | |
| Member of the Monetary Policy Council | |
| **In office**
2004–2010 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 2 January 1941
Podlaskie Voivodeship, General Government |
| Died | 6 May 2022(2022-05-06) (aged 81)
Warsaw, Poland |
| Nationality | Polish |
| Political party | PSL |
| Education | SGH Warsaw School of Economics |
| Occupation | Economist |
|  | |