title: The Darkness Beckons

abstract: The Darkness Beckons (ISBN 0-939748-32-0) is a book about the history of UK cave diving by Martyn Farr. It is considered the definitive work on the subject. Farr was a major figure in UK diving at a time when many of the original participants were still alive and available for interview. The first edition of the book was published in 1980. A second edition was published in 1991, followed by a substantially rewritten third edition on 3 July 2017.

text:
# The Darkness Beckons

***The Darkness Beckons*** (ISBN 0-939748-32-0) is a book about the history of UK cave diving by Martyn Farr. It is considered the definitive work on the subject. Farr was a major figure in UK diving at a time when many of the original participants were still alive and available for interview. The first edition of the book was published in 1980. A second edition was published in 1991, followed by a substantially rewritten third edition on 3 July 2017.

## Awards

In May 2018, the third edition of *The Darkness Beckons* was shortlisted for the 2018 Sports Book Awards in the Illustrated Book of the Year category.

1. Clarke-Wildeman, Russ (2024-02-22). "The Darkness Beckons - Cave Diving with Martyn Farr". *Welsh Country*. Retrieved 2024-04-21.
2. Weinman, Steve (2017-09-11). "The Darkness Beckons by Martyn Farr, Dive Scapa Flow by Rod Macdonald". *divernet.com*. Retrieved 2024-04-21.
3. Lunn, Rosemary E. (2018-06-08). "'The Darkness Beckons' makes the 2018 Sports Book Awards shortlist". *X-Ray Mag*. Retrieved 2024-04-21.

## InfoBox

The Darkness Beckons
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Martyn Farr |
| Subject | cave diving |
| Publisher | Diadem Books |
| Publication date | 1980 |
| ISBN | 0-939748-32-0 |
| OCLC | 23766199 |
| Dewey Decimal | 796.5/25 20 |
| LC Class | GV200.63 .F37 1991 |


title: Paisley Dodds

abstract: Paisley Dodds is the current investigations editor for The New Humanitarian, formerly known as IRIN news. She is the former London bureau chief for The Associated Press (AP) where she spent a decade managing the news bureau as well as writing about terrorism, security, and intelligence before joining the AP's international investigations team.

text:
# Paisley Dodds

**Paisley Dodds** is the current investigations editor for The New Humanitarian, formerly known as IRIN news. She is the former London bureau chief for The Associated Press (AP) where she spent a decade managing the news bureau as well as writing about terrorism, security, and intelligence before joining the AP's international investigations team.

## Life and career

Dodds is a native of Painesville, Ohio. Dodds attended John Carroll University (University Heights, Ohio) in 1991, where she received a B.A. degree in Communications in 1993. In 2016 she obtained an M.St. degree in International Relations from the University of Cambridge (Cambridge, England).

She joined the AP in 1994 to cover the South African elections that brought Nelson Mandela to power. After nearly three years covering post-Apartheid South Africa, she worked for the AP in Miami, Little Rock and Boston before joining the international desk in New York.

In 2001, she was promoted to Caribbean News Editor in San Juan, Puerto Rico. From 2001 to 2005, she directed coverage from 30 countries in the Caribbean and Latin America. Her primary and most frequent reporting assignments included Haiti and Guantanamo Bay; she broke several investigative pieces about abuse in the U.S. prison camp.

In 2005, she was named London Bureau Chief, a role she held until late 2016 when she was named a London-based correspondent with security and intelligence matters as her beat. She has reported from many corners of the world.

## Awards

She is the recipient of the George Polk award for her foreign reporting in Haiti that covered numerous disasters, conflict and the rebellion that ousted President Jean-Bertrand Aristide.

She also won the Joseph L. Brechner Freedom of Information Award for her work in Guantanamo, the Enterprise Reporting Award from the AP Managing Editors Association, an honourable mention from the Overseas Press Club of America and the Hugh Hefner First Amendment Award for her investigative reporting at the U.S. prison camp in Guantanamo.


abstract: The 1917 U.S. National Championships, officially renamed that year to National Patriotic Tournament, was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the West Side Tennis Club, Forest Hills in New York City, United States. The tournament ran from August 20 until August 25. It was the 37th staging of the U.S. National Championships and due to World War I the only Grand Slam tennis event of the year.

text:
# 1917 U.S. National Championships (tennis)

The **1917 U.S. National Championships** (now known as the US Open), officially renamed that year to **National Patriotic Tournament**, was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the West Side Tennis Club, Forest Hills in New York City, United States. The tournament ran from August 20 until August 25. It was the 37th staging of the U.S. National Championships and due to World War I the only Grand Slam tennis event of the year.

## National Patriotic Tournament

The tournament was renamed **National Patriotic Tournament** in support of the war effort. No trophies were handed out to the winners and the entrance fees were dedicated to the American Red Cross. Robert Lindley Murray defeated Bostonian Nathaniel W. Niles in four sets in the men's final.

In the commemorative book 'Fifty Years of Lawn Tennis in the United States', published by the USLTA in 1931, Lindley Murray commented on the final: "I succeeded in beating Nat Niles 5–7, 8–6, 6–3, 6–3, plenty of indication that the match was close and hard fought. I remember well that, try as I would, I could not get into the full swing of my game those first two sets. This was because my opponent was driving beautifully, particularly low, fast ones to my backhand. In addition he was lobbing so accurately and deeply that, try as I would, I could not bring off my kills. Nat led me one set to love and 6–5 in the second set. which was mighty close to being two sets down. But about that time my game began to get going. Up until that time I had just been missing and while desperately dashing all over the court my shots would end in just hitting the net or just going out. From the twelfth game of the second set, on for the rest of the match, things began to go right, and at the end I felt as if I was playing as well as I know how."

## Finals

### Men's singles

Robert Lindley Murray defeated  Nathaniel W. Niles 5–7, 8–6, 6–3, 6–3

### Women's singles

Molla Bjurstedt defeated  Marion Vanderhoef 4–6, 6–0, 6–2

### Men's doubles

Fred Alexander /  Harold Throckmorton defeated  Harry Johnson /  Irving Wright 11–9, 6–4, 6–4

### Women's doubles

Molla Bjurstedt /  Eleonora Sears defeated  Phyllis Walsh /  Grace Moore LeRoy 6–2, 6–4

### Mixed doubles

Molla Bjurstedt /  Irving Wright defeated  Florence Ballin /  Bill Tilden 10–12, 6–1, 6–3

## InfoBox

| 1917 U.S. National Championships | |
| --- | --- |
| Date | August 20 – 25 (M)
June 18 – 23 (W) |
| Edition | 37th |
| Category | Grand Slam (ITF) |
| Surface | Grass |
| Location | Forest Hills, Queens
New York City, U.S. (M)
Chestnut Hill, PA, U.S. (W) |
| Venue | West Side Tennis Club (M)
Philadelphia Cricket Club (W) |
| Champions | |
| Men's singles | |
| Robert Lindley Murray | |
| Women's singles | |
| Molla Bjurstedt | |
| Men's doubles | |
| Fred Alexander /  Harold Throckmorton | |
| Women's doubles | |
| Molla Bjurstedt /  Eleonora Sears | |
| Mixed doubles | |
| Molla Bjurstedt /  Irving Wright | |
|  | |


title: Philippe Hertig

abstract: Philippe Hertig is a Swiss former footballer who played as a striker during the 1980s and 1990s. He is banker and is now assistant director of Mirabaud Group. In 2009 Hertig joined the Swiss Football Association as member of the central committee. Since March 2014 he is member of the Swiss sub-section of Special Olympics and since April 2015 he is committee member in the UEFA.

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# Philippe Hertig

**Philippe Hertig** (born 2 July 1965) is a Swiss former footballer who played as a striker during the 1980s and 1990s. He is banker and is now assistant director of Mirabaud Group. In 2009 Hertig joined the Swiss Football Association as member of the central committee. Since March 2014 he is member of the Swiss sub-section of Special Olympics and since April 2015 he is committee member in the UEFA.

## Club career

Hertig played his youth football with Lausanne Sport and advanced to their first team, signing his first professional contract, under head-coach Péter Pázmándy in September 1983. After a very hard first year, Hertig became regular starter during his second season with them. Hertig played six seasons with Lausanne and then he moved on. He signed for Servette in 1988, but was loaned out to ES Malley in the second tier of Swiss football. After the loan season Hertig returned to Servette, but could not break into their first formation and so at the end of the season he moved on.

Before the 1990–91 Nationalliga A season he signed for Lugano and played with them for three seasons. In the 1992–93 season Hertig contributed to the team reaching the final and winning the Swiss Cup.

The following season Hertig moved on and signed for FC Basel, who at that time played in the Nationalliga B, the second tier of Swiss football. Hertig joined Basel's first team for their 1993–94 season under head-coach Claude Andrey. After playing in five test games, Hertig played his domestic league debut for his new club in the home game in the St. Jakob Stadium on 28 July 1993 Basel as were defeated 1–2 by local rivals Old Boys. He scored his first goal for his club just three days later, on 31 July in an away game. It was the first goal of the match as Basel won 3–0 against Bulle.

During that season his teammates were the likes of Swiss international goalkeeper Stefan Huber, defenders Massimo Ceccaroni, Marco Walker and Samir Tabakovic, the midfielders Mario Cantaluppi, Martin Jeitziner, Admir Smajić and Ørjan Berg and the Swiss international striker Dario Zuffi. Together they won the promotion/relegation group, became Nationalliga B champions and thus won promotion to the top flight of Swiss football. This after six seasons in the second tier.

He stayed with the club until the end of the following season and during his two seasons with the club Hertigplayed a total of 86 games for Basel scoring a total of 17 goals. 52 of these games were in the Nationalliga A, seven in the Swiss Cup and 27 were friendly games. He scored seven goals in the domestic league, three in the Cup and the other 11 were scored during the test games.

Then Étoile Carouge FC acquired his services in 1995. Hertig retired from his professional football career in 1997 and continued as semi-professional.

## International career

In addition to his club career, Hertig was also called up to play for his country. He made three appearances for the Switzerland national team between 1987 and 1990. He played his debut for his country on 16 December 1987 as the Swiss were defeated 2–0 by Israel.

## Personal life

In 1995, as Hertig moved to Geneva, Hertig started working for the Union Bank of Switzerland, who later became UBS. He worked in patrimony management in private banking, Key Clients and in the Sports and Entertainment Group for about 15 years. He then worked four years for Julius Baer Group. In 2014 he joined his present employer Mirabaud Group and is assistant director.

In 2009 Hertig joined the Association suisse de football (ASF) as member of the central committee. He is their treasurer. Since March 2014 he is member of the Swiss sub-section of Special Olympics and is part of the Foundation for the integration and promotion, through sport, of people with specific needs. Since April 2015 he is member of the Beach Soccer and Futsal Commission for the UEFA.

## Sources

## InfoBox

Philippe Hertig
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1965-07-02) 2 July 1965 | | |
| Place of birth | Lausanne, Switzerland | | |
| Height | 1.84 m (6 ft 0 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Midfielder, striker | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| –1983 | Lausanne Sport | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1983–1988 | Lausanne Sport | 124 | (14) |
| 1988–1990 | Servette | 5 | (0) |
| 1988–1989 | ES Malley (loan) | 25 | (0) |
| 1990–1993 | Lugano | 93 | (9) |
| 1993–1995 | FC Basel | 52 | (7) |
| 1995–2000 | Étoile Carouge FC | 65 | (25) |
| Total |  | **364** | **(55)** |
| International career | | | |
| 1987–1990 | Switzerland | 3 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Pleurotoid fungi

abstract: Gilled fungi with laterally-attached fruiting bodies are classified as pleurotoid. Pleurotoid fungi are typically wood-decay fungi and are found on dead and dying trees and coarse woody debris. The pleurotoid form is polyphyletic, having evolved a number of times within the Basidiomycota. Many species of pleurotoid fungi are commonly referred to as "oyster" mushrooms. Laterally-attached fungi with pores rather than gills are referred to as bracket fungi.

text:
# Pleurotoid fungi

Gilled fungi with laterally-attached fruiting bodies are classified as **pleurotoid** (Gr.: *pleurē* \+ *ōtos* \+ *-oid*, literally "side-ear form" or "having the likeness of *Pleurotus* ssp."). Pleurotoid fungi are typically wood-decay fungi and are found on dead and dying trees and coarse woody debris. The pleurotoid form is polyphyletic, having evolved a number of times within the Basidiomycota. Many species of pleurotoid fungi are commonly referred to as "oyster" mushrooms. Laterally-attached fungi with pores rather than gills are referred to as bracket fungi.

## Genera

### Agaricales

### Polyporales

### Russulales


title: Vélodrome de Queen's Park

abstract: The Vélodrome de Queen's Park was a velodrome in Verdun, Montreal, Canada. It hosted the 1899 ICA Track Cycling World Championships between 9 and 11 August.

text:
# Vélodrome de Queen's Park

The **Vélodrome de Queen's Park** was a velodrome in Verdun, Montreal, Canada. It hosted the 1899 ICA Track Cycling World Championships between 9 and 11 August.

Media related to Vélodrome de Queen's Park at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

Vélodrome de Queen's Park
| Vélodrome de Queen's Park in 1899 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | Verdun, Montreal, Canada |
| Coordinates | 45°27′00″N 73°34′00″W / 45.45°N 73.566667°W / 45.45; -73.566667 |
| Capacity | 8,000–12,000 |
| Surface | Wood |
| Construction | |
| Broke ground | 25 April 1898 |
| Opened | 24 May 1898 |


title: Vale of Taunton and Quantock Fringes

abstract: The Vale of Taunton and Quantock Fringes form a natural region in the southwest of England in the county of Somerset. Natural England have designated the Vale of Taunton and Quantock Fringes as National Character Area 146.

text:
# Vale of Taunton and Quantock Fringes

The **Vale of Taunton and Quantock Fringes** form a natural region in the southwest of England in the county of Somerset. Natural England have designated the Vale of Taunton and Quantock Fringes as National Character Area 146.

## Extent

The region covers 48,403 hectares (119,610 acres) and entirely surrounds the northwest–southeast oriented line of the Quantock Hills which form National Character Area 144. The Vale of Taunton runs from the foot of the steep northern scarp of the Blackdown Hills to the coast of the Bristol Channel. In the west it extends between the Quantock Hills and the Brendon Hills on the eastern edge of Exmoor and, to the east, between the Quantock Hills and the Somerset Levels and Moors. Much of the region is verdant and pastoral, transitioning to steep, moorland-topped hills in the west and open clay levels in the east.

Neighbouring natural regions are: Exmoor to the west, the Devon Redlands to the southwest, the Blackdowns to the south, the Mid Somerset Hills to the southeast and the Somerset Levels and Moors to the east.

## Character

The region is a lowland area with a mixed farming landscape, dense hedges, sparse woodland and frequent, scattered settlements. It contrasts sharply with the surrounding uplands. Within the region, there are three distinct areas: the floodplain, the low clay vale and the higher sandstone vale edge. Villages, hamlets and farmsteads are scattered and frequently linked by winding lanes. Cider apple orchards abound, hedgerow oak is plentiful in some areas and there are willows on the floodplains. The coast is open and windswept with low cliffs. Architectural features include red sandstone buildings and prominent Perpendicular church towers.


title: List of songs recorded by Junoon

abstract: This is a comprehensive list of songs by Pakistani sufi rock band Junoon. The band have released seven studio albums, as well as numerous live albums, compilations, singles, and video albums. This list does not contain live versions or remixes.

text:
# List of songs recorded by Junoon

This is a comprehensive list of songs by Pakistani sufi rock band **Junoon**. The band have released seven studio albums, as well as numerous live albums, compilations, singles, and video albums. This list does not contain live versions or remixes.

## Original songs

| Title | Release | Year | Composer(s) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| "A Game of Chance" | *Junoon* | 1991 | Salman Ahmad |
| "Aap Aur Hum" | *Talaash* | 1993 | Salman Ahmad |
| "Ab tu Jaag" | *Parvaaz* | 1999 | Bulleh Shah, Salman Ahmad |
| "Aleph" | *Parvaaz* | 1999 | Bulleh Shah, Salman Ahmad |
| "Azadi" | *Andaz* | 2001 | Ali Azmat; Sabir Zafar, Salman Ahmad |
| "Baarish" | *Dewaar* | 2004 | Sabir Zafar, Salman Ahmad |
| "Balama" | *Dewaar* | 2004 | Salman Ahmad |
| "Barzakh" | *Talaash* | 1993 | Salman Ahmad |
| "Bheegi Yaadein" | *Talaash* | 1993 | Salman Ahmad |
| "Bulleya" | *Parvaaz* | 1999 | Bulleh Shah, Salman Ahmad |
| "Bulleya/Lonely Heart" | *Rock & Roll Jihad* | 2010 | Andrew McCord, Salman Ahmad |
| "Chaen" | *Andaz* | 2001 | Sabir Zafar, Salman Ahmad |
| "Chalay Thay Saath" | *Inquilaab* | 1996 | Sabir Zafar, Salman Ahmad |
| "Chori Chori" | *Junoon* | 1991 | Sabir Zafar, Arshad Mahmud |
| "Chul Kuriye" | *Andaz* | 2001 | Sabir Zafar, Salman Ahmad |
| "Dewaar" | *Dewaar* | 2004 | Ali Azmat, Sabir Zafar, Salman Ahmad |
| "Dharti Keh Khuda" | *Andaz* | 2001 | Ali Azmat; Sabir Zafar |
| "Dil Nahin Lag Raha" | *Azadi* | 1997 | Sabir Zafar, Salman Ahmad |
| "Dosti" | *Inquilaab* | 1996 | Ali Azmat, Sabir Zafar, Salman Ahmad |
| "Downtown Princess" | *Junoon* | 1991 | Ali Azmat, Salman Ahmad |
| "Ghaflat" | *Talaash* | 1993 | Salman Ahmad |
| "Garaj Baras" | *Dewaar* | 2004 | Ali Azmat, Sabir Zafar |
| "Ghoom" | *Parvaaz* | 1999 | Salman Ahmad, Shah Hussain |
| "Ghoom Taana" | *Dewaar* | 2004 | Sabir Zafar, Salman Ahmad |
| "Heer" | *Junoon* and *Azadi* | 1991, 1997 | Salman Ahmad |
| "Heeray" | *Talaash* | 1993 | Sabir Zafar, Salman Ahmad |
| "Himalayan Song" | *Talaash* | 1993 | Salman Ahmad |
| "Hungama" | *Dewaar* | 2004 | Sabir Zafar, Salman Ahmad |
| "Husan Walo" | *Inquilaab* | 1996 | Ali Azmat, Sabir Zafar, Salman Ahmad |
| "I Am Because U R" | *Rock & Roll Jihad* | 2010 | Andrew McCord, Salman Ahmad |
| "If You Want" | *Talaash* | 1993 | Salman Ahmad |
| "Iltija" | *Inquilaab* | 1996 | Salman Ahmad |
| "Ishq" | *Andaz* | 2001 | Sabir Zafar, Salman Ahmad |
| "Janey Tu" | *Andaz* | 2001 | Sabir Zafar, Salman Ahmad |
| "Jazba-e-Junoon" | *Inquilaab* | 1996 | Salman Ahmad |
| "Jeeain" | *Junoon* | 1991 | Sabir Zafar |
| "Jhulle Lal" | *Dewaar* | 2004 | Sabir Zafar, Salman Ahmad |
| "Jogia" | *Junoon* | 1991 | Sabir Zafar |
| "Kaisay Gaaon Main" | *Andaz* | 2001 | Sabir Zafar, Salman Ahmad |
| "Kisne Suna" | *Azadi* | 1997 | Sabir Zafar, Salman Ahmad |
| "Khoeey Ankhein" | *Inquilaab* | 1996 | Salman Ahmad |
| "Khudi" | *Azadi* | 1997 | Muhammad Iqbal, Salman Ahmad |
| "Khwaab" | *Junoon* | 1991 | Irtaza Barlas |
| "Kyun Parishan" | *Azadi* | 1997 | Sabir Zafar, Salman Ahmad |
| "Lady Magic" | *Talaash* | 1993 | Salman Ahmad |
| "Lal Meri Pat" | *Azadi* | 1997 | Sabir Zafar, Salman Ahmad |
| "Loishay" | *Azadi* | 1997 | Sabir Zafar, Salman Ahmad |
| "Love Can You Take Me Back" | *Rock & Roll Jihad* and *Door* | 2010, 2016 | Andrew McCord, Salman Ahmad |
| "Mahiwal" | *Azadi* | 1997 | Sabir Zafar, Salman Ahmad |
| "Maza Zindagi Ka" | *Dewaar* | 2004 | Sabir Zafar, Salman Ahmad |
| "Mein Kaun Hoon" | *Inquilaab* | 1996 | Salman Ahmad |
| "Mein Nay Kabhi" | *Inquilaab* | 1996 | Ali Azmat, Salman Ahmad |
| "Mera Mahi" | *Inquilaab* | 1996 | Salman Ahmad |
| "Meray Pass Aja" | *Junoon* | 1991 | Naila Ansari, Salman Ahmad |
| "Meri Awaz Suno" | *Azadi* | 1997 | Sabir Zafar, Salman Ahmad |
| "Mitti" | *Parvaaz* | 1999 | Sabir Zafar, Salman Ahmad |
| "Mukh Gae" | *Azadi* | 1997 | Sabir Zafar, Salman Ahmad |
| "National Anthem" | *Inquilaab* | 1996 | Salman Ahmad |
| "Neend Athi Naheen" | *Junoon* | 1991 | Sabir Zafar |
| "Open Your Eyes (Pakistan Humara)" | *Door* | 2016 | Salman Ahmad, Peter Gabriel |
| "Our Land" | *Talaash* | 1993 | Salman Ahmad |
| "Pappu Yaar" | *Dewaar* | 2004 | Sabir Zafar, Salman Ahmad |
| "Pheli Lagan" | *Talaash* | 1993 | Salman Ahmad |
| "Pyar Bina" | *Parvaaz* | 1999 | Sabir Zafar, Salman Ahmad |
| "Rangon Mein Khoya" | *Junoon* | 1991 | Sabir Zafar |
| "Rondé Naina" | *Parvaaz* | 1999 | Sabir Zafar, Salman Ahmad |
| "Rooh Ki Pyas" | *Inquilaab* | 1996 | Salman Ahmad |
| "Saeein" | *Inquilaab* and *Azadi* | 1996, 1997 | Salman Ahmad |
| "Saeein Alaap" | *Azadi* | 1997 | Sabir Zafar, Salman Ahmad |
| "Sajna" | *Parvaaz* | 1999 | Ali Azmat |
| "Sanwal" | *Parvaaz* | 1999 | Sabir Zafar, Salman Ahmad |
| "Sapnay" | *Dewaar* | 2004 | Sabir Zafar, Salman Ahmad |
| "Sayonee" | *Azadi* | 1997 | Sabir Zafar, Salman Ahmad |
| "Shamein" | *Andaz* | 2001 | Sabir Zafar, Salman Ahmad |
| "Sheena" | *Andaz* | 2001 | Sabir Zafar, Salman Ahmad |
| "Sheeshay Kay Ghar" | *Andaz* | 2001 | Sabir Zafar, Salman Ahmad |
| "Sunn" | *Junoon* | 1991 | Salman Ahmad |
| "Taara Jala" | *Dewaar* | 2004 | Ali Azmat, Sabir Zafar |
| "Talaash" | *Talaash* | 1993 | Salman Ahmad |
| "Time" | *Rock & Roll Jihad* | 2010 | Andrew McCord, Salman Ahmad |
| "Wahda Hoo" | *Azadi* | 1997 | Sabir Zafar, Salman Ahmad |
| "Why?" | *Rock & Roll Jihad* | 2010 | Andrew McCord, Salman Ahmad |
| "Woh" | *Talaash* | 1993 | Salman Ahmad |
| "Yaar Bina" | *Azadi* | 1997 | Sabir Zafar, Salman Ahmad |
| "You Never Give Me Your Love" | *Junoon* | 1991 | Salman Ahmad |
| "Zamane Ke Andaz" | *Andaz* | 2001 | Muhammad Iqbal, Sabir Zafar, Salman Ahmad |

## Other songs

| Title | Release | Year | Original composer(s) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| "Ehtesaab" | "Kashmakash" | 1995 | Salman Ahmad |
|
| "Piya (Ocean of Love)" | "Daur-e-Junoon" | 2003 | Morten Harket, Salman Ahmad |
| "Piyar Hai Zindagi" | "Daur-e-Junoon" | 2003 | Salman Ahmad |
| "No More" | "Junoon for Peace" | 2001 | Salman Ahmad |

## Cover versions

| Title | Release | Year | Original composer(s) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| "Allah Hu" | "Millennium 1990-2000" | 2000 | Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan |
| "Holy Ground" | "No More" | 2002 | Morten Harket, Nick Whitecross, Ole Sverre Olsenn (**a-ha**) |


title: Tučepi

abstract: Tučepi is a small town and municipality in the Split-Dalmatia County of Croatia. It is located on the Adriatic coast of Dalmatia known as Makarska riviera, about 5 km southeast of Makarska, population 1,819 (2021). It is a popular tourist destination thanks to its scenic coastline, its opportunities for sports and its excellent accommodation.

text:
# Tučepi

**Tučepi** (pronounced \[tǔtʃɛpi\]) is a small town and municipality in the Split-Dalmatia County of Croatia. It is located on the Adriatic coast of Dalmatia known as Makarska riviera, about 5 km southeast of Makarska, population 1,819 (2021). It is a popular tourist destination thanks to its scenic coastline, its opportunities for sports and its excellent accommodation.

## History

The settlement of Tučepi was first settled four thousand years ago by the Illyrians. Until the earthquake of 1962, the majority of its inhabitants were living in scattered hamlets like Gornji Tučepi, Podpeč, Čovići, Srida Sela, Šimići and Podstup at the lower foot of the mountain Biokovo and since the 18th century these towns have seen a gradual process of depopulation, as their inhabitants began moving down to Tučepi-Kraj, now a 4-km long resort. Name from the Slavic tucha cloud

## Legend

According to a local folk legend, the Venetian Doge Pietro I Candiano is buried here. In fact, the first of the four Venetian Doges of the Candiano family, Pietro, died on 18 September 887 in a battle against the Croatian tribe of Neretvans who defeated the Venetian fleet near Makarska. After his defeat the Venetians made a treaty with Prince Branimir in 888, agreeing to pay a tribute to the Croatian rulers for the right to sail and trade unmolested along the Adriatic, which they had to adhere to until the end of the 10th century.

## Notable natives and residents

Media related to Tučepi at Wikimedia Commons

43°16′N 17°03′E / 43.267°N 17.050°E / 43.267; 17.050

## InfoBox

| Tučepi | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
| View of Tučepi from Biokovo | |
| TučepiLocation of Makarska within Croatia | |
| Coordinates: 43°16′N 17°03′E / 43.267°N 17.050°E / 43.267; 17.050 | |
| Country | Croatia |
| County | Split-Dalmatia County |
| Area | |
| Town | 22.5 km2 (8.7 sq mi) |
| Urban | 22.5 km2 (8.7 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 0 m (0 ft) |
| Population (2021) | |
| Town | 1,819 |
| Density | 81/km2 (210/sq mi) |
| Urban | 1,819 |
| Urban density | 81/km2 (210/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 21300 |
| Area code | 021 |
| Website | tucepi.hr |


title: The Demon of Mount Oe

abstract: The Demon of Mount Oe is a 1960 Japanese horror film directed by Tokuzō Tanaka and produced by Daiei Film. The film is about Samurai warriors joining forces to defeat a shape-changing supernatural creature.

text:
# The Demon of Mount Oe

***The Demon of Mount Oe*** (Japanese: 大江山酒天童子, Hepburn: *Ōeyama Shuten Dōji*, lit.'Shuten Doji of Mount Oe') is a 1960 Japanese horror film directed by Tokuzō Tanaka and produced by Daiei Film. The film is about Samurai warriors joining forces to defeat a shape-changing supernatural creature.

## Cast

## Release

*The Demon of Mount Oe* was released in Japan on April 27, 1960. The film was released on VHS in Japan by Daiei on December 12, 1997 and was released on DVD by Kadokawa Shoten on January 24, 2014.

## InfoBox

| The Demon of Mount Oe | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical release poster | |
|  | |
| Japanese name | |
| **Kanji** | 大江山酒天童子 |
| Transcriptions  Revised Hepburn Ōeyama Shuten Dōji | |
|  | |
| Directed by | Tokuzō Tanaka |
| Screenplay by | Fuji Yahiro |
| Based on | *Ōeyama Shuten Dōji*
by Matsutarō Kawaguchi |
| Produced by | Masaichi Nagata
Akinari Suzuki |
| Starring | Kazuo Hasegawa
Ichikawa Raizō VIII
Shintaro Katsu |
| Cinematography | Hiroshi Imai |
| Edited by | Kanji Suganuma |
| Music by | Ichirō Saitō |
| Production
company | Daiei Film |
| Distributed by | Daiei |
| Release date | * April 27, 1960 (1960-04-27) |
| Running time | 114 minutes |
| Country | Japan |
| Language | Japanese |


title: Pact of the Catacombs

abstract: The Pact of the Catacombs is an agreement signed by 42 bishops of the Catholic Church at a meeting following Mass in the Catacombs of Domitilla near Rome on the evening of 16 November 1965, three weeks before the close of the Second Vatican Council. They pledged to live like the poorest of their parishioners and adopt a lifestyle free of attachment to ordinary possessions. The signatories said they "renounce forever the appearance and the substance of wealth, especially in clothing [...] and symbols made of precious metals." More than 500 bishops added their signatures in the next few months. The catacomb metaphor was intended to draw a connection to early Christian martyrs who lived without worldly power.

text:
# Pact of the Catacombs

The **Pact of the Catacombs** is an agreement signed by 42 bishops of the Catholic Church at a meeting following Mass in the Catacombs of Domitilla near Rome on the evening of 16 November 1965, three weeks before the close of the Second Vatican Council. They pledged to live like the poorest of their parishioners and adopt a lifestyle free of attachment to ordinary possessions. The signatories said they "renounce forever the appearance and the substance of wealth, especially in clothing \[...\] and symbols made of precious metals." More than 500 bishops added their signatures in the next few months.

The catacomb metaphor was intended to draw a connection to early Christian martyrs who lived without worldly power.

## History

Laying the theological foundation for the pact, Cardinal Giacomo Lercaro, Archbishop of Bologna, in December 1962 addressed the Council at length on the centrality of poverty. He concluded that "the question of the church of the poor \[...\] should be the general and synthesizing subject of the whole Council." Hélder Câmara, then Archbishop of Olinda e Recife, Brazil, was the moving force behind the Pact itself. Others included the Brazilian Bishops Antônio Batista Fragoso of Crateús and Jose Maria Pires of Araçuaí; Manuel Larraín Errázuriz of Talca, Chile; Tulio Botero of Medellín, Colombia; Marcos Gregorio McGrath of Santiago de Veraguas, Panama; and Leonidas Proaño of Riobamba, Ecuador. Charles-Marie Himmer of Tournai, Belgium, presided at the Mass. The only North American bishop among the first to sign was Gerard-Marie Coderre of Saint-Jean-de-Quebec.

Luigi Bettazzi, who was Auxiliary Bishop of Bologna under Lercaro when he signed, was the last survivor of the original signors. He said a few bishops created the document and then plans for a signing ceremony spread by word of mouth. He felt the document was forgotten because Pope Paul VI, given the Cold War environment of his papacy, preferred not to be associated with its implicit criticism of capitalism. He has also cited the impact of the upheavals of 1968, which "frightened everyone and everything closed down". Thus it failed to put poverty at the center of the Church's mission, except in Latin America where it became associated with liberation theology. The document itself has been lost (but re-produced – see reference below), but as the fiftieth anniversary of its signing approached, the pact gained increasing notice due to the efforts of theologians and historians, especially in Germany, to draw attention to its significance. The Pontifical Urban University held a conference on its legacy in November 2015. According to Bettazzi: "The Pact of the Catacombs today is \[...\] Pope Francis". Cardinal Walter Kasper, who mentioned the pact in his book *Mercy* (2014), has said of Pope Francis that "His program is to a high degree what the Catacomb Pact was". Francis met with Bettazzi in September 2017 before addressing priests, religious, seminarians, and deacons in Bologna. He began his speech with words reminiscent of the pact: "It is a consolation to be with those who carry on the apostolate of the Church; religious men seeking to bear witness against worldliness".

## Further reading


title: 1900 in Australian soccer

abstract: The 1900 season was the 17th season of regional competitive association football in Australia.

text:
# 1900 in Australian soccer

The **1900 season** was the 17th season of regional competitive association football in Australia.

## League competitions

| Federation | Competition | Grand Final | | | Regular Season | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Champions | Score | Runners-up | Premiers | Runners-up | Third place |
| Northern District British Football Association | Northern NSW Football League | Wallsend Rovers | 5–2 | West Wallsend Bluebells | Wallsend Rovers | West Wallsend Bluebells | Adamstown Rosebud |
| South British Football Soccer Association | Sydney Metropolitan First Division | Pyrmont Volunteer | 2–2 | Pyrmont Rangers | Pyrmont Rangers | Pyrmont Volunteer | Balmain Albion |
| Queensland British Football Association | Brisbane Area League | *Not played* | | | Dinmore Bush Rats | Blackstone Rovers |  |
| Western Australian Soccer Football Association | Western Australia Division One | *Not played* | | | Fremantle Wanderers | Casuals | Civil Service |

## Cup competitions

| Federation | Competition | Winners | Runners-up | Venue | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Northern District British Football Association | Ellis Cup | West Wallsend Bluebells | Adamstown Rosebud |  | 5–1 |
| South British Football Soccer Association | Gardiner Challenge Cup | West Wallsend (1/0) | Volunteers (0/1) |  | 3–3 (4–1 pen.) |

(*Note*: figures in parentheses display the club's competition record as winners/runners-up.)


title: Phaeochlaena

abstract:
Phaeochlaena is a genus of moths of the family Notodontidae. It consists of the following species:
  - Phaeochlaena amazonica Druce, 1899
  - Phaeochlaena bicolor
  - Phaeochlaena costaricensis Miller, 2008
  - Phaeochlaena gyon
  - Phaeochlaena hazara
  - Phaeochlaena lampra Prout, 1918
  - Phaeochlaena solilucis Butler, 1878

text:
# Phaeochlaena

***Phaeochlaena*** is a genus of moths of the family Notodontidae. It consists of the following species:

## InfoBox

| *Phaeochlaena* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Notodontidae |
| Tribe: | Dioptini |
| Genus: | *Phaeochlaena*<br>Hubner, 1818 |
|


title: Pleurotolysin

abstract: Pleurotolysin, a sphingomyelin-specific cytolysin. Its A and B components are assembled into a transmembrane pore complex. The Pleurotolysin Pore-Forming (Pleurotolysin) Family is a family of pore forming proteins belonging to the MACPF superfamily.

text:
# Pleurotolysin

**Pleurotolysin** (TC# 1.C.97.1.1), a sphingomyelin-specific cytolysin. Its A (17 kDa; Q8X1M9) and B (59 kDa; Q5W9E8) components are assembled into a transmembrane pore complex. The **Pleurotolysin Pore-Forming (Pleurotolysin) Family** (TC# 1.C.97) is a family of pore forming proteins belonging to the MACPF superfamily.

## Function

Proteins with membrane-attack complex/perforin (MACPF) domains have a variety of biological roles, including defense and attack, organismal development, and cell adhesion and signaling. The distribution of these proteins in fungi appears to be restricted to some Pezizomycotina and Basidiomycota species only, in correlation with the aegerolysins (PF06355). These two protein groups coincide in only a few species, and they operate as cytolytic bi-component pore-forming agents. Representative proteins include pleurotolysin B, which has a MACPF domain, the aegerolysin-like protein pleurotolysin A, and the very similar ostreolysin A (TC# 1.C.97.3.2) that has been purified from oyster mushroom (*Pleurotus ostreatus*). These act in concert to perforate natural and artificial lipid membranes with high cholesterol and sphingomyelin contents. The complex has a 13-meric rosette-like structure with a central lumen that is ~ 4-5 nm in diameter. The opened transmembrane pore is non-selectively permeable to ions and smaller neutral solutes, and is a cause of cytolysis of a colloid-osmotic type.

## Research

Sakurai et al. 2004 cloned complementary and genomic DNAs encoding pleurotolysin, and studied pore-forming properties of recombinant proteins. Recombinant pleurotolysin A lacking the first methionine was purified as a 17-kDa protein with sphingomyelin-binding activity. The cDNA for pleurotolysin B encoded a precursor consisting of 523 amino acyl residues, of which 48 N-terminal amino acyl residues were absent in natural pleurotolysin B. Mature and precursor forms of pleurotolysin B were expressed as insoluble 59- and 63-kDa proteins, respectively. Although neither recombinant pleurotolysin A nor B alone was hemolytically active at higher concentrations of up to 100 mg/ml, they cooperatively assembled into a membrane pore complex on human erythrocytes and lysed the cell.

## Homologues

In this TC family, both constituents of pleurotolysin and ostreolysin (A and B) are included under TC#s 1.C.97.1.1 and 1.C.97.1.2, respectively. However, homologues of Pleurotolysin B are found under TC#s 1.C.97.1.3 \- 1.C.97.1.9 while homologues of Pleurotolysin A are found under TC#s 1.C.97.2.1 \- 1.C.97.2.4 and TC#s 1.C.97.3.1 \- 1.C.97.3.8. Pleurotolysins A are not homologous to Pleurotolysins B. While some homologues depend on the presence of both constituents for pore formation, as noted for both pleurotolysin and ostreolysin, some homologues of both A and B can form pores without the other. While Pleurotolysin B is in the MACPF superfamily (TC# 1.C.39) while Pleurotolysin A is in the Aegerolysin superfamily.

### Erylysin

Another two-component hemolysin, erylysin A and B (EryA and EryB; TC# 1.C.97.1.2), was isolated from an edible mushroom, *Pleurotus eryngii*. Hemolytic activity was exhibited only by the EryA and EryB mixture.

## Aegerolysin

While Pleurotolysin B is in the MACPF superfamily (TC# 1.C.39), Pleurotolysin A is in the Aegerolysin superfamily. Several members of the Aegerolysin family have been used as tools to detect and visualize ceramide phosphoethanolamine, a major sphingolipid in invertebrates but not in animals. It may be distantly related to members of the Equinatoxin Family (TC# 1.C.38).

The aegerolysin family consists of several bacterial and eukaryotic aegerolysin-like proteins. It has been found that aegerolysin and ostreolysin are expressed during formation of primordia and fruiting bodies and possibly play a role in the initial phase of fungal fruiting. The bacterial members of this family are expressed during sporulation. Ostreolysin is cytolytic to various erythrocytes and tumor cells because of pore formation. Several members of the Aegerolysin family have been used as tools to detect and visualize ceramide phosphoethanolamine, a major sphingolipid in invertebrates but not in animals. It may be distantly related to members of the Equinatoxin Family (TC# 1.C.38).

*As of 20:02, 16 February 2016 (UTC), this article is derived in whole or in part from* Transporter Classification Database*. The copyright holder has licensed the content in a manner that permits reuse under CC BY-SA 3.0 and GFDL. All relevant terms must be followed. The original text was at "1.C.97 The Pleurotolysin Pore-Forming (Pleurotolysin) Family"*

## InfoBox

| Pleurotolysin B | |
| --- | --- |
| Identifiers | |
| Symbol | plyB |
| Pfam | PF01823 |
| InterPro | IPR020864 |
| PROSITE | PS51412 |
| TCDB | 1.C.97. |
| Available protein structures:  Pfam structures / ECOD  PDB RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj  PDBsum structure summary  PDB 4OEJ | |


title: Víctor Balaguer (singer)

abstract: Víctor Balaguer was a Spanish singer of the 1950s and 1960s, best known for his participation in the 1962 Eurovision Song Contest. Balaguer was known as a versatile singer who moved between popular music and zarzuela, singing in both Spanish and Catalan. Balaguer was born and died in Barcelona. In 1961, he took part in the selection for Spain's debut Eurovision Song Contest entry, but lost out by one point to Conchita Bautista. The following year he placed two songs in the final, and "Llámame" was chosen as the Spanish representative in the seventh Eurovision Song Contest, held in Luxembourg City on 18 March. "Llámame" was one of four songs to finish in joint last place after failing to score any points from the juries. Following his Eurovision appearance, Balaguer returned to performing mainly in his native Catalan. He died of colorectal cancer in Barcelona on 17 April 1984, aged 63.

text:
# Víctor Balaguer (singer)

**Víctor Balaguer** (Spanish pronunciation: \[ˈbiɣtoɾ βalaˈɣeɾ\]; 24 March 1921 – 17 April 1984) was a Spanish singer of the 1950s and 1960s, best known for his participation in the 1962 Eurovision Song Contest. Balaguer was known as a versatile singer who moved between popular music and zarzuela, singing in both Spanish and Catalan.

Balaguer was born and died in Barcelona. In 1961, he took part in the selection for Spain's debut Eurovision Song Contest entry, but lost out by one point to Conchita Bautista. The following year he placed two songs in the final, and "Llámame" ("Call Me") was chosen as the Spanish representative in the seventh Eurovision Song Contest, held in Luxembourg City on 18 March. "Llámame" was one of four songs (along with the entries from Belgium, Austria and the Netherlands) to finish in joint last place after failing to score any points from the juries.

Following his Eurovision appearance, Balaguer returned to performing mainly in his native Catalan. He died of colorectal cancer in Barcelona on 17 April 1984, aged 63.

## InfoBox

| Víctor Balaguer | |
| --- | --- |
| Victor Balaguer at the Eurovision Song Contest 1962 | |
| Background information | |
| Born | (1921-03-24)24 March 1921
Barcelona, Spain |
| Died | 17 April 1984(1984-04-17) (aged 63)
Barcelona, Spain |
| Genres | Pop, Zarzuela |
| Occupation | Singer |


title: Vale of Towy Railway

abstract: The Vale of Towy Railway (VoTR) was a Welsh railway that provided an 11.25 mile-long extension of the Llanelly Railway from Llandeilo to Llandovery. It was incorporated by act of Parliament (UK), the Vale of Towy Railway Act 1854, of 10 July 1854 and opened on 1 April 1858.

text:
# Vale of Towy Railway

The **Vale of Towy Railway** (**VoTR**) was a Welsh railway that provided an 11.25 mile-long extension of the Llanelly Railway from Llandeilo to Llandovery. It was incorporated by act of Parliament (UK), the **Vale of Towy Railway Act 1854** (17 & 18 Vict. c. cl), of 10 July 1854 and opened on 1 April 1858.

## Overview

The VoTR was a standard gauge route that provided an alternative to the Great Western Railway and Llandovery became a potential endpoint for other rail companies in North Wales and the West of England.

## Stations

Intermediate stations were built at (from north to south) Llanwrda, Llangadog, Glanrhyd Halt (closed) and Talley Road Halt (closed).

## The route today

The route remains in use as part of the Heart of Wales Line.

* Wignall, C J (1985). *Complete British Railway Maps and Gazetteer (1825 - 1985)*. Poole, UK: Oxford Publishing Company. p. 19. ISBN 0-86093-294-X.
* "Vale of Towy Railway". *RailScot*. Retrieved 9 March 2008.
*
* Baughan, Peter E. (1980). *A Regional History of the Railways of Great Britain: Volume 11 North and Mid Wales* (1st ed.). Newton Abbot: David & Charles. ISBN 0-7153-7850-3. OCLC 6823219.
* Baughan, Peter E. (1991). *A Regional History of the Railways of Great Britain: Volume 11 North and Mid Wales* (2nd ed.). Nairn: David St John Thomas. ISBN 0-9465-3759-3. OCLC 26361284.

## InfoBox

| Vale of Towy Railway Act 1854 | |
| --- | --- |
| Act of Parliament | |
| Parliament of the United Kingdom | |
| Citation | 17 & 18 Vict. c. cl |


title: List of places in New York: F

text:
# List of places in New York: F

| Name of place | Counties | Principal county | Lower zip code | Upper zip code |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Fabius | 1 | Onondaga County | 13063 |  |
| Factory Hollow | 1 | Rensselaer County |  |  |
| Factory Village | 1 | Saratoga County | 12020 |  |
| Factoryville | 1 | Essex County | 12928 |  |
| Fairdale | 1 | Oswego County | 13074 |  |
| Fairfield | 1 | Herkimer County | 13336 |  |
| Fairfield | 1 | Herkimer County |  |  |
| Fairfield | 1 | Tioga County |  |  |
| Fairfield Farms | 1 | Onondaga County | 13066 |  |
| Fairfield Gardens | 1 | Albany County | 12212 |  |
| Fair Grounds | 1 | Albany County |  |  |
| Fair Harbor | 1 | Suffolk County | 11706 |  |
| Fair Haven | 1 | Cayuga County | 13064 |  |
| Fair Haven | 1 | Cortland County | 13077 |  |
| Fair Haven | 1 | Orleans County |  |  |
| Fairlawn Estates | 1 | Albany County | 12110 |  |
| Fairmount | 1 | Onondaga County | 13219 |  |
| Fairmount | 1 | Onondaga County | 13219 |  |
| Fair Oaks | 1 | Orange County | 10940 |  |
| Fairport | 1 | Monroe County | 14450 |  |
| Fairview | 2 | Allegany County | 14060 |  |
| Fairview | 2 | Cattaraugus County | 14060 |  |
| Fairview | 1 | Dutchess County | 12601 |  |
| Fairview | 1 | Westchester County | 10603 |  |
| Fairview | 1 | Wyoming County | 14427 |  |
| Fairville | 1 | Wayne County | 14513 |  |
| Fairweather Corners | 1 | Saratoga County |  |  |
| Falconer | 1 | Chautauqua County | 14733 |  |
| Falconer Junction | 1 | Chautauqua County |  |  |
| Falcon Manor | 1 | Niagara County | 14304 |  |
| Falconwood | 1 | Erie County | 14072 |  |
| Falls | 1 | Niagara County | 14303 |  |
| Fallsburg | 1 | Sullivan County | 12733 |  |
| Fallsburg | 1 | Sullivan County |  |  |
| Fallsburgh | 1 | Sullivan County |  |  |
| Falls Junction | 1 | Niagara County |  |  |
| Falls Mills | 1 | Sullivan County |  |  |
| Fancher | 1 | Orleans County | 14452 |  |
| Fantinekill | 1 | Ulster County |  |  |
| Fargo | 1 | Genesee County | 14036 |  |
| Fargo | 1 | Jefferson County |  |  |
| Farleys | 1 | Cayuga County |  |  |
| Farleys Point | 1 | Cayuga County | 13160 |  |
| Farmers Mills | 1 | Oneida County |  |  |
| Farmers Mills | 1 | Putnam County | 10512 |  |
| Farmersville | 1 | Cattaraugus County |  |  |
| Farmersville | 1 | Cattaraugus County |  |  |
| Farmersville Center | 1 | Cattaraugus County | 14737 |  |
| Farmersville Station | 1 | Cattaraugus County | 14060 |  |
| Farmingdale | 1 | Nassau County | 11735 |  |
| Farmingdale | 1 | Orange County |  |  |
| Farmington | 1 | Ontario County | 14425 |  |
| Farmington | 1 | Ontario County |  |  |
| Farmingville | 1 | Suffolk County | 11738 |  |
| Farnham | 1 | Erie County | 14061 |  |
| Farragut | 1 | Kings County | 11203 |  |
| Far Rockaway | 1 | Queens County | 11601 | 99 |
| Fawn Ridge | 1 | Onondaga County | 13027 |  |
| Fay | 1 | Franklin County |  |  |
| Fayette | 1 | Seneca County | 13065 |  |
| Fayette | 1 | Seneca County |  |  |
| Fayette Manor | 1 | Onondaga County | 13066 |  |
| Fayetteville | 1 | Onondaga County | 13066 |  |
| Fayville | 1 | Saratoga County |  |  |
| Federal | 1 | Monroe County | 14614 |  |
| Federal Hall National Memorial | 1 | New York County | 10005 |  |
| Federal Reserve | 1 | New York County | 10045 |  |
| Felters Corners | 1 | Rockland County |  |  |
| Felts Mills | 1 | Jefferson County | 13638 |  |
| Fenimore | 1 | Saratoga County | 12801 |  |
| Fenner | 1 | Madison County |  |  |
| Fenner | 1 | Monroe County |  |  |
| Fenton | 1 | Broome County |  |  |
| Fentonville | 1 | Chautauqua County | 14738 |  |
| Ferenbaugh | 1 | Steuben County | 14830 |  |
| Fergusons Corners | 1 | Yates County | 14456 |  |
| Fergusonville | 1 | Delaware County | 12155 |  |
| Ferndale | 1 | Sullivan County | 12734 |  |
| Fernwood | 1 | Oswego County | 13142 |  |
| Fernwood | 1 | Saratoga County | 12801 |  |
| Fernwood | 1 | Sullivan County | 12760 |  |
| Ferry Village | 1 | Erie County | 14072 |  |
| Feura Bush | 1 | Albany County | 12067 |  |
| Fey Mill | 1 | Oneida County |  |  |
| Field Corners | 1 | Putnam County |  |  |
| Field Crossing | 1 | Otsego County |  |  |
| Fields Settlement | 1 | Jefferson County |  |  |
| Fieldston | 1 | Bronx County | 10463 |  |
| Filer Corners | 1 | Otsego County | 13808 |  |
| Fillmore | 1 | Allegany County | 14735 |  |
| Finchville | 1 | Orange County | 10940 |  |
| Findley Lake | 1 | Chautauqua County | 14736 |  |
| Fine | 1 | St. Lawrence County | 13639 |  |
| Fine | 1 | St. Lawrence County |  |  |
| Fineview | 1 | Jefferson County | 13640 |  |
| Finger Lakes Manor | 1 | Ontario County | 14424 |  |
| Fink Basin | 1 | Herkimer County | 13365 |  |
| Fink Hollow | 1 | Oneida County |  |  |
| Finnegans Corners | 1 | Orange County | 10924 |  |
| Fintches Corners | 1 | Cayuga County |  |  |
| Fire Island | 1 | Suffolk County |  |  |
| Fire Island National Seashore | 1 | Suffolk County | 11772 |  |
| Fire Island Pines | 1 | Suffolk County | 11782 |  |
| Fireplace | 1 | Suffolk County |  |  |
| Fireplace Lodge Girls Camp | 1 | Suffolk County |  |  |
| Firthcliffe | 1 | Orange County |  |  |
| Firthcliffe Heights | 1 | Orange County | 12550 |  |
| Fish Creek | 1 | Lewis County | 13325 |  |
| Fish Creek | 1 | Ulster County | 12477 |  |
| Fish Creek Landing | 1 | Oneida County | 13308 |  |
| Fish Creek Station | 1 | Oneida County |  |  |
| Fishers | 1 | Ontario County | 14453 |  |
| Fishers Island | 1 | Suffolk County | 06390 |  |
| Fishers Landing | 1 | Jefferson County | 13641 |  |
| Fisherville | 1 | Chemung County | 14903 |  |
| Fish House | 1 | Fulton County | 12025 |  |
| Fishkill | 1 | Dutchess County | 12524 |  |
| Fishkill | 1 | Dutchess County |  |  |
| Fishkill Plains | 1 | Dutchess County | 12590 |  |
| Fishs Eddy | 1 | Delaware County | 13774 |  |
| Fitch | 1 | Cattaraugus County | 14743 |  |
| Fitch Point | 1 | Washington County |  |  |
| Fitts Corners | 1 | Tompkins County |  |  |
| Five Corners | 1 | Allegany County | 14802 |  |
| Five Corners | 1 | Cayuga County | 13071 |  |
| Five Corners | 1 | Chenango County |  |  |
| Five Corners | 1 | Genesee County |  |  |
| Five Corners | 1 | Madison County | 13421 |  |
| Five Corners | 1 | Oneida County | 13480 |  |
| Five Corners | 1 | Orleans County |  |  |
| Fivemile Point | 1 | Broome County | 13795 |  |
| Five Points | 1 | Cattaraugus County |  |  |
| Five Points | 1 | Monroe County |  |  |
| Five Points | 1 | Ontario County | 14456 |  |
| Five Points | 1 | Otsego County |  |  |
| Flackville | 1 | St. Lawrence County | 13669 |  |
| Flagler Corners | 1 | Saratoga County |  |  |
| Flanders | 1 | Suffolk County | 11901 |  |
| Flatbrook | 1 | Columbia County | 12029 |  |
| Flatbush | 1 | Kings County | 11226 |  |
| Flatbush | 1 | Ulster County | 12477 |  |
| Flat Creek | 1 | Montgomery County | 13317 |  |
| Flat Creek | 1 | Schoharie County | 12076 |  |
| Flatlands | 1 | Kings County |  |  |
| Fleetwood | 1 | Westchester County | 10552 |  |
| Fleischmanns | 1 | Delaware County | 12430 |  |
| Fleming | 1 | Cayuga County | 13021 |  |
| Fleming | 1 | Cayuga County |  |  |
| Flemingville | 1 | Tioga County | 13827 |  |
| Flint | 1 | Ontario County | 14561 |  |
| Flint | 1 | Ulster County |  |  |
| Flint Town | 1 | Oneida County |  |  |
| Floodwood | 1 | Franklin County |  |  |
| Floral Park | 1 | Nassau County | 11001 | 04 |
| Floral Park | 1 | Queens County | 11001 |  |
| Florence | 1 | Oneida County | 13316 |  |
| Florence | 1 | Oneida County |  |  |
| Florence Hill | 1 | Oneida County |  |  |
| Florida | 1 | Montgomery County |  |  |
| Florida | 1 | Orange County | 10921 |  |
| Floridaville | 1 | Cayuga County | 13033 |  |
| Flowerfield Estates | 1 | Suffolk County | 11755 |  |
| Flower Hill | 1 | Nassau County | 11050 |  |
| Flowers | 1 | Broome County | 13865 |  |
| Floyd | 1 | Oneida County | 13440 |  |
| Floyd | 1 | Oneida County |  |  |
| Flushing | 1 | Queens County | 11301 | 99 |
| Fluvanna | 1 | Chautauqua County | 14701 |  |
| Fly Creek | 1 | Otsego County | 13337 |  |
| Flying Point | 1 | Suffolk County | 11976 |  |
| Fly Summit | 1 | Washington County | 12834 |  |
| Folsomdale | 1 | Wyoming County | 14037 |  |
| Fonda | 1 | Montgomery County | 12068 |  |
| Footes | 1 | Erie County |  |  |
| Foots Corners | 1 | Livingston County | 14435 |  |
| Fordham | 1 | Bronx County | 10458 |  |
| Fordsbush | 1 | Montgomery County |  |  |
| Forest | 1 | Clinton County | 12935 |  |
| Forest Beach | 1 | Onondaga County |  |  |
| Forestburg | 1 | Sullivan County | 12777 |  |
| Forestburgh | 1 | Sullivan County |  |  |
| Forest City | 1 | Lewis County |  |  |
| Forestdale | 1 | Franklin County |  |  |
| Forest Glen | 1 | Erie County | 10475 |  |
| Forest Glen | 1 | Ulster County |  |  |
| Forest Hills | 1 | Queens County | 11375 |  |
| Forest Home | 1 | Tompkins County | 14850 |  |
| Forest Knolls | 1 | Westchester County | 10804 |  |
| Forest Lawn | 1 | Monroe County | 14880 |  |
| Forest Park | 1 | Chautauqua County | 14787 |  |
| Forest Park | 1 | Queens County | 11431 |  |
| Forestport | 1 | Oneida County | 13338 |  |
| Forestport | 1 | Oneida County |  |  |
| Forestport Station | 1 | Oneida County | 13338 |  |
| Forestville | 1 | Chautauqua County | 14062 |  |
| Forge Hollow | 1 | Oneida County | 13328 |  |
| Forks | 1 | Erie County | 14225 |  |
| Forsonville | 1 | Putnam County | 10524 |  |
| Forsyth | 1 | Chautauqua County | 14775 |  |
| Fort Ann | 1 | Washington County | 12827 |  |
| Fort Ann | 1 | Washington County |  |  |
| Fort Clinton | 1 | Rockland County |  |  |
| Fort Covington | 1 | Franklin County | 12937 |  |
| Fort Covington | 1 | Franklin County |  |  |
| Fort Covington Center | 1 | Franklin County | 12937 |  |
| Fort Drum | 1 | Jefferson County | 13601 |  |
| Fort Edward | 1 | Washington County | 12828 |  |
| Fort Edward | 1 | Washington County |  |  |
| Fort George | 1 | New York County | 10040 |  |
| Fort Greene | 1 | Kings County |  |  |
| Fort Hamilton | 1 | Kings County | 11252 |  |
| Fort Hamilton | 1 | Kings County | 11209 |  |
| Fort Herkimer | 1 | Herkimer County | 13407 |  |
| Fort Hill | 1 | Genesee County |  |  |
| Fort Hill | 1 | Ontario County |  |  |
| Fort Hill | 1 | Suffolk County | 11743 |  |
| Fort Hill | 1 | Wayne County |  |  |
| Fort Hunter | 1 | Albany County |  |  |
| Fort Hunter | 1 | Montgomery County | 12069 |  |
| Fort Jackson | 1 | St. Lawrence County | 12938 |  |
| Fort Jay | 1 | New York County | 10004 |  |
| Fort Johnson | 1 | Montgomery County | 12070 |  |
| Fort Miller | 1 | Washington County | 12828 |  |
| Fort Montgomery | 1 | Orange County | 10922 |  |
| Fort Niagara Beach | 1 | Niagara County | 14174 |  |
| Fort Ontario | 1 | Oswego County |  |  |
| Fort Plain | 1 | Montgomery County | 13339 |  |
| Fort Plain | 1 | Montgomery County |  |  |
| Fort Putnam | 1 | Orange County |  |  |
| Fort Salonga | 1 | Suffolk County | 11768 |  |
| Fort Schuyler | 1 | Bronx County | 10465 |  |
| Fort Stanwix National Monument | 1 | Oneida County | 13440 |  |
| Fortsville | 1 | Saratoga County | 12831 |  |
| Fort Ticonderoga | 1 | Essex County |  |  |
| Fort Tilden | 1 | Queens County | 11695 |  |
| Fort Totten | 1 | Queens County | 11359 |  |
| Fort Wadsworth | 1 | Richmond County | 10305 |  |
| Fort Washington | 1 | New York County | 10032 |  |
| Fort William Henry | 1 | Warren County |  |  |
| Foster | 1 | Tioga County | 13827 |  |
| Fosterdale | 1 | Sullivan County | 12726 |  |
| Fostertown | 1 | Orange County |  |  |
| Fosterville | 1 | Cayuga County | 13021 |  |
| Foster-Wheeler Junction | 1 | Livingston County | 14437 |  |
| Four Mile | 1 | Cattaraugus County |  |  |
| Fourth Lake | 1 | Warren County | 12846 |  |
| Fowler | 1 | St. Lawrence County | 13642 |  |
| Fowlersville | 1 | Lewis County | 13433 |  |
| Fowlerville | 1 | Erie County | 14025 |  |
| Fowlerville | 1 | Livingston County | 14423 |  |
| Fowlerville | 1 | Sullivan County |  |  |
| Fox | 1 | Cattaraugus County |  |  |
| Fox Hill | 1 | Saratoga County | 12134 |  |
| Fox Hills | 1 | Richmond County |  |  |
| Fox Meadow | 1 | Westchester County |  |  |
| Fox Ridge | 1 | Cayuga County |  |  |
| Fraleighs | 1 | Dutchess County |  |  |
| Francis Corners | 1 | Saratoga County |  |  |
| Frankfort | 1 | Herkimer County | 13340 |  |
| Frankfort | 1 | Herkimer County |  |  |
| Frankfort Center | 1 | Herkimer County | 13340 |  |
| Franklin | 1 | Delaware County | 13775 |  |
| Franklin | 1 | Delaware County |  |  |
| Franklin | 1 | Franklin County |  |  |
| Franklin Depot | 1 | Delaware County | 13839 |  |
| Franklin D. Roosevelt | 1 | New York County | 10022 |  |
| Franklin Falls | 1 | Franklin County | 12913 |  |
| Franklin Park | 1 | Onondaga County | 13057 |  |
| Franklin Springs | 1 | Oneida County | 13341 |  |
| Franklin Square | 1 | Nassau County | 11010 |  |
| Franklinton | 1 | Schoharie County | 12122 |  |
| Franklinville | 1 | Cattaraugus County | 14737 |  |
| Franklinville | 1 | Cattaraugus County |  |  |
| Franks Corner | 1 | Cortland County | 13045 |  |
| Fraser | 1 | Delaware County | 13753 |  |
| Fraser | 1 | Livingston County |  |  |
| Frear Park | 1 | Rensselaer County |  |  |
| Frederick Douglas | 1 | New York County |  |  |
| Fredonia | 1 | Chautauqua County | 14063 |  |
| Freedom | 1 | Cattaraugus County | 14065 |  |
| Freedom | 1 | Cattaraugus County |  |  |
| Freedom Plains | 1 | Dutchess County | 12569 |  |
| Freehold | 1 | Greene County | 12431 |  |
| Freeman | 1 | Steuben County | 14801 |  |
| Freeman Mill | 1 | Lewis County |  |  |
| Freeport | 1 | Nassau County | 11520 |  |
| Freetown | 1 | Cortland County |  |  |
| Freetown | 1 | Suffolk County | 11937 |  |
| Freetown Corners | 1 | Cortland County | 13803 |  |
| Freeville | 1 | Tompkins County | 13068 |  |
| Fremont | 1 | Queens County |  |  |
| Fremont | 1 | Steuben County |  |  |
| Fremont | 1 | Sullivan County |  |  |
| Fremont Center | 1 | Sullivan County | 12736 |  |
| Fremont Hills | 1 | Onondaga County | 13057 |  |
| French Creek | 1 | Chautauqua County |  |  |
| French Creek | 1 | Chautauqua County |  |  |
| French Mountain | 1 | Warren County |  |  |
| Frenchville | 1 | Oneida County | 13486 |  |
| French Woods | 1 | Delaware County | 13783 |  |
| Fresh Kills | 1 | Richmond County |  |  |
| Fresh Meadows | 1 | Queens County | 11365 |  |
| Fresh Pond | 1 | Kings County | 11385 |  |
| Fresh Pond | 1 | Queens County | 11385 |  |
| Fresh Pond Junction | 1 | Queens County |  |  |
| Frewsburg | 1 | Chautauqua County | 14738 |  |
| Freysbush | 1 | Montgomery County |  |  |
| Friend | 1 | Yates County | 14527 |  |
| Friendship | 1 | Allegany County | 14739 |  |
| Friendship | 1 | Allegany County |  |  |
| Friends Point | 1 | Warren County | 12836 |  |
| Frontenac | 1 | Jefferson County | 13624 |  |
| Front Street | 1 | Broome County | 13905 |  |
| Frost Hollow | 1 | Ontario County |  |  |
| Frost Valley | 1 | Ulster County |  |  |
| Fruitland | 1 | Wayne County | 14519 |  |
| Fruit Valley | 1 | Oswego County | 13126 |  |
| Fullers | 1 | Albany County |  |  |
| Fullers | 1 | Warren County |  |  |
| Fullerville | 1 | St. Lawrence County | 13642 |  |
| Fulmer Valley | 1 | Allegany County | 14806 |  |
| Fulton | 1 | Oswego County | 13069 |  |
| Fulton | 1 | Schoharie County |  |  |
| Fultonham | 1 | Schoharie County | 12071 |  |
| Fulton Terminal | 1 | Kings County |  |  |
| Fultonville | 1 | Montgomery County | 12072 |  |
| Furnace Brook | 1 | Orange County | 10925 |  |
| Furnaceville | 1 | Otsego County |  |  |
| Furnaceville | 1 | Wayne County | 14519 |  |
| Furnace Woods | 1 | Westchester County | 10566 |  |
| Furniss | 1 | Oswego County | 13126 |  |
| Fyler Settlement | 1 | Madison County | 13082 |  |
|


title: M. P. Veerendra Kumar

abstract: Maniyankode Padmaprabha Veerendra Kumar was an Indian politician, writer and journalist, who was a member of the 14th Lok Sabha. He was a member of the Loktantrik Janata Dal political party and president of the Kerala state branch of the party. He was also the chairman and managing director of the Malayalam daily newspaper Mathrubhumi.

text:
# M. P. Veerendra Kumar

**Maniyankode Padmaprabha Veerendra Kumar** (22 July 1936 — 28 May 2020) was an Indian politician, writer and journalist, who was a member of the 14th Lok Sabha. He was a member of the Loktantrik Janata Dal political party and president of the Kerala state branch of the party. He was also the chairman and managing director of the Malayalam daily newspaper *Mathrubhumi*.

## Life

Veerendra Kumar was born on 22 July 1936 to Marudevi Avva and M. K. Padmaprabha Goudar, a leader of Socialist Party and former MLA, in Kalpetta. The eldest of their eight children, he had six younger sisters and a younger brother. After schooling in Kalpetta and Kozhikode, he did his master's in philosophy from the Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda College.

As a politician, he was treasurer and a national committee member of the former Samyukta Socialist Party, state secretary of the Kerala Unit of the Socialist Party, one of the all India secretaries of the former Socialist Party, convener of the Opposition Co-ordination Committee in Kerala, vice president of the former Janata Party, and its president. He was arrested during The Emergency. From 1987–91 he was a member of the Kerala Legislative Assembly. Later, in 1996 he was elected to the Lok Sabha, lower house of the Parliament of India from Kozhikode constituency and served as Union Minister of State for Finance in Deve Gowde Ministry from 21 February 1997 to 7 June 1997. He also served as Union Minister for Labour (Independent charge) with additional charges as Minister of State, Urban Affairs & Employment (Independent charges) and Parliamentary Affairs in I.K.Gujral Ministry from 10 June 1997 to March.

He died on 28 May 2020 due to cardiac arrest at Kozhikode in Kerala. He was aged 83 when he died, and was suffering from many age-related illnesses. He was cremated with full state honours at the premises of his ancestral home in Kalpetta. He is survived by his daughters Asha, Nisha and Jayalakshmi, son M.V. Sreyamskumar (Also a politician, currently serving as the Managing Director of Mathrubhumi), and many grandchildren. Usha Veerandrakumar, his wife, too outlived for two years, dying on 28 October 2022.

## Publications

His works as an author include:

* *Samanwayathinte Vasantham*
* *Buddhante Chiri*
* *Gattum Kanacharadukalum*
* *Atmavilekkoru Theerthayathra*
* *Prathibhayute Verukal Thedi*
* *Changampuzha: Vidhiyute Vettamrigam*
* *Thirinjhunokkumbol*
* *Lokavyapara Samkhadanayum Oorakkudukkukalum* (Gattinu Seshamulla Oranweshanam)
* *Roshathinte Vithukal*
* *Adhinivesathinte Adiyozhukukal*
* *Hymavathabhoovil*
* *Ramantedhukkam*
* *Vivekanandan: Sanyasiyum Manushyanum*

## Awards

## InfoBox

| M. P. Veerendra Kumar | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha | |
| **In office**
23 March 2018 (2018-03-23)  28 May 2020 (2020-05-28) | |
| Succeeded by | M. V. Shreyams Kumar |
| **In office**
3 April 2016 (2016-04-03)  20 December 2017 (2017-12-20) | |
| Preceded by | T. N. Seema |
| Constituency | Kerala |
| Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha | |
| **In office**
2004 (2004)–2009 (2009) | |
| Preceded by | K. Muraleedharan |
| Succeeded by | M. K. Raghavan |
| Constituency | Kozhikode |
| **In office**
1996 (1996)–1998 (1998) | |
| Preceded by | K. Muraleedharan |
| Succeeded by | P. Sankaran |
| Constituency | Kozhikode |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1936-07-22)22 July 1936
Wayanad, Kerala, India |
| Died | 28 May 2020(2020-05-28) (aged 83)
Kozhikode, Kerala, India |
| Political party | Loktantrik Janata Dal
(from 24 March 2018) |
| Other political
affiliations | Janata Dal (United)
(till 20 December 2017),
Socialist Janata (Democratic),
Janata Dal (Secular) |
| Parents | * M. K. Padmaprabha Goudar * Marudevi Avva |
| Alma mater |  |
| As of 23 September, 2006Source: | |


abstract:
The following articles list the historic places in the province of British Columbia, Canada, entered on the Canadian Register of Historic Places, whether they are federal, provincial, or municipal. They are divided by regional districts.
  - British Columbia Coast
    - Alberni-Clayoquot
    - British Columbia Coast
    - Capital Region
    - Comox Valley
    - Cowichan Valley
    - Nanaimo
    - Strathcona
    - Victoria
  - British Columbia Interior
    - Central Kootenay
    - Central Okanagan
    - Columbia-Shuswap
    - East Kootenay
    - Kootenay Boundary
    - North Okanagan
    - Northern and Central British Columbia Interior
    - Okanagan-Similkameen
    - Thompson-Nicola
    - Squamish-Lillooet
  - Lower Mainland
    - Fraser Valley
    - Greater Vancouver
      - Vancouver
      - New Westminster
      - North Shore
      - Surrey

text:
# List of historic places in British Columbia

YK NWT AB USA AK Alberni
Clayoquot Bulkley
Nechako Capital Cariboo Central
Coast Central
Kootenay Central
Okanagan Columbia
Shuswap Comox
Valley Cowichan East
Kootenay Fraser
Valley Fraser
Fort George Kitimat
Stikine Kootenay
Boundary MV Mount
Waddington Nanaimo North
Okanagan Northern
Rockies Okanagan
Similkameen Peace
River Powell
River Skeena
Queen Charlotte Squamish
Lillooet Stikine Strathcona Sunshine
Coast Thompson
Nicola

The following articles list the historic places in the province of British Columbia, Canada, entered on the Canadian Register of Historic Places, whether they are federal, provincial, or municipal. They are divided by regional districts.


title: Eörs Szathmáry

abstract: Eörs Szathmáry is a Hungarian theoretical evolutionary biologist at the now-defunct Collegium Budapest Institute for Advanced Study and at the Department of Plant Taxonomy and Ecology of Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest. He is the co-author with John Maynard Smith of The Major Transitions in Evolution, a seminal work which continues to contribute to ongoing issues in evolutionary biology. He is a member of the Batthyány Society of Professors.

text:
# Eörs Szathmáry

**Eörs Szathmáry** (born 1959) is a Hungarian theoretical evolutionary biologist at the now-defunct Collegium Budapest Institute for Advanced Study and at the Department of Plant Taxonomy and Ecology of Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest. He is the co-author with John Maynard Smith of *The Major Transitions in Evolution*, a seminal work which continues to contribute to ongoing issues in evolutionary biology. He is a member of the Batthyány Society of Professors.

## Main interest

His main interest is theoretical evolutionary biology and focuses on the common principles of the major steps in evolution, such as the origin of life, the emergence of cells, the origin of animal societies, and the appearance of human language. Together with his mentor, John Maynard Smith, he has published two important books which serve as the main references in the field (*The Major Transitions in Evolution, Freeman, 1995, and The Origins of Life, Oxford University Press, 1999*). Both books have been translated into other languages (so far, German, French, Japanese, and Hungarian). He serves on the editorial board of several journals (Journal of Theoretical Biology, Journal of Evolutionary Biology, Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere, Evolutionary Ecology and Evolution of Communication).

## Awards

Professor Szathmáry was awarded the New Europe Prize in 1996 by a group of institutes for advanced study. He used the prize to establish the NEST (New Europe School for Theoretical Biology) foundation, whose task is to help young Hungarian theoretical biologists. The Juhász-Nagy junior fellowship that he endowed in 1996 at Collegium Budapest also serves this purpose. In 1996 he was the Executive Vice-President of ICSEB V (Fifth International Congress of Systematic and Evolutionary Biology) that took place in Budapest, partially sponsored by Collegium Budapest. He served as President of the International Organisation for Systematic and Evolutionary Biology (IOSEB, 1996–2002). The Hungarian Academy of Sciences acknowledged his outstanding scientific contribution with the Academy Prize in 1999. He was invited to prestigious institutions, including the Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin and the Collège de France. He is a member of Academia Europaea and the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.

## Achievements

Professor Szathmáry's main achievements include:

* a mathematical description of some phases of early evolution;
* a scenario for the origin of the genetic code;
* an analysis of epistasis in terms of metabolic control theory;
* a demonstration of the selection consequences of parabolic growth;
* a derivation of the optimal size of the genetic alphabet;
* a general framework to discuss the major transitions in evolution.
* a discussion on the confusion between hypercycle and collectively autocatalytic system (link)

## Author

Apart from the aforementioned co-authored books, he has also published numerous papers in important journals, including Nature, Science, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, and Journal of Theoretical Biology.


title: 1900 college baseball season

abstract: The 1900 college baseball season, play of college baseball in the United States began in the spring of 1900. Play largely consisted of regional matchups, some organized by conferences, and ended in June. No national championship event was held until 1947.

text:
# 1900 college baseball season

The **1900 college baseball season,** play of college baseball in the United States began in the spring of 1900. Play largely consisted of regional matchups, some organized by conferences, and ended in June. No national championship event was held until 1947.

## New programs

## Conference winners

This is a partial list of conference champions from the 1900 season.

| Conference | Regular Season Winner |
| --- | --- |
| Western | Illinois |

## Conference standings

The following is an incomplete list of conference standings:

| 1900 Western Conference baseball standings Conf   Overall  Team W   L   PCT   W   L   PCT  Illinois   8  2   .800          Wisconsin   4  3   .571          Michigan   6  5   .545          Chicago   5  8   .385          Northwestern   2  7   .222          Conference champion <br> |
| --- |

## InfoBox

| 1900 college baseball season | |
| --- | --- |
| Seasons | |


title: Phaeocedus

abstract: Phaeocedus is a genus of ground spiders that was first described by Eugène Simon in 1893.

text:
# Phaeocedus

***Phaeocedus*** is a genus of ground spiders that was first described by Eugène Simon in 1893.

## Species

As of November 2021 it contains five species and one subspecies:

## InfoBox

| *Phaeocedus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Gnaphosidae |
| Genus: | *Phaeocedus*
Simon, 1893 |
|
| Type species | |
| *P. braccatus*
(L. Koch, 1866) | |
| Species | |
| 5, see text | |


title: Playa Hata

abstract: "Playa Hata" is a song by American West Coast hip hop duo Luniz featuring R&B singer Teddy. It was released in November 1995 through Virgin Records America, C-Note Records, and Noo Trybe as the second and final single off of the duo's debut studio album Operation Stackola. Production was handled by E-A-Ski & CMT, who used a sample of Bobby Caldwell's "What You Won't Do for Love". In the United States, the single reached number 51 on the Billboard Hot R&B Singles chart and number 13 on the Hot Rap Singles chart. In the United Kingdom, it peaked at number 20 on the UK singles chart, number 12 on the UK Dance Albums Chart and number 4 on the UK Hip Hop and R&B Albums Chart.

text:
# Playa Hata

"**Playa Hata**" is a song by American West Coast hip hop duo Luniz featuring R&B singer Teddy. It was released in November 1995 through Virgin Records America, C-Note Records, and Noo Trybe as the second and final single off of the duo's debut studio album *Operation Stackola*. Production was handled by E-A-Ski & CMT, who used a sample of Bobby Caldwell's "What You Won't Do for Love".

In the United States, the single reached number 51 on the *Billboard* Hot R&B Singles chart and number 13 on the Hot Rap Singles chart. In the United Kingdom, it peaked at number 20 on the UK singles chart, number 12 on the UK Dance Albums Chart and number 4 on the UK Hip Hop and R&B Albums Chart.

## Music video

The music video, released in 1995, features cameo appearances from Chris "C&H" Hicks, Dru Down, and DJ Pooh, who plays the main antagonist of the music video as the "Playa Hata".

## Track listing

1. "Playa Hata" (Radio Mix) (featuring Teddy)
2. "Playa Hata" (Groove Mix) (featuring 3X Krazy)
3. "Playa Hata" (Drop Zone Rub 3)
4. "Playa Hata" (Drop Zone Rub 4)
5. "Playa Hata" (Radio Mix Instrumental)
6. "Playa Hata" (Groove Mix Instrumental)

## Charts

| Charts (1996) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 20 |
| UK Dance (OCC) | 12 |
| UK Hip Hop/R&B (OCC) | 4 |
| US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (*Billboard*) | 51 |
| US Hot Rap Songs (*Billboard*) | 13 |

## InfoBox

| "Playa Hata" | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by Luniz | |
| from the album  *Operation Stackola* | |
| Released | November 1995 |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 4:31 |
| Label |  |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Producer(s) |  |
| Luniz singles chronology | |
| "I Got 5 on It"
(1995) "**Playa Hata**"
(1995) "X.O."
(1996) | |
|  | |
| Music video | |
| "Playa Hata" on YouTube | |
|  | |