title: Tony Fernandes

abstract: Tan Sri Anthony Francis Fernandes is a Malaysian entrepreneur. He is the founder of Tune Air Sdn. Bhd., which took over the first Malaysian budget airline, AirAsia. Fernandes turned AirAsia, a failing government-linked commercial airline, into a highly successful budget airline public-listed company. He has since founded the Tune Group of companies. He is the owner of Caterham Group, the parent company of British car manufacturer Caterham Cars. Until July 2023, he was the majority shareholder of Queens Park Rangers F.C..

text:
# Tony Fernandes

**Tan Sri Anthony Francis Fernandes** PSM, CBE (born 30 April 1964) is a Malaysian entrepreneur. He is the founder of Tune Air Sdn. Bhd., which took over the first Malaysian budget airline, AirAsia. Fernandes turned AirAsia, a failing government-linked commercial airline, into a highly successful budget airline public-listed company. He has since founded the Tune Group of companies. He is the owner of Caterham Group, the parent company of British car manufacturer Caterham Cars. Until July 2023, he was the majority shareholder of Queens Park Rangers F.C..

## Early life and education

Fernandes was born in Kuala Lumpur on 30 April 1964 to an Indian father (originally from Goa) and a mother of mixed Indian (Malayalis) and Asian-Portuguese (Kristang) descent who had been raised in Malacca, Malaysia. At a young age, he would follow his mother who sold Tupperware at Tupperware parties.

Fernandes was educated at The Alice Smith School in Kuala Lumpur. Starting at age 12, from 1976 to 1983, he studied at Epsom College boarding school in England. He matriculated to the London School of Economics and graduated with a degree in accounting.

## Career

Fernandes worked very briefly with Virgin Atlantic as an auditor, subsequently becoming the financial controller for Richard Branson's Virgin Communications in London from 1987 to 1989 before he joined Warner Music International London as Senior Financial Analyst.

Fernandes was admitted as an associate member of the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (ACCA) in 1991 and became Fellow in 1996. He is currently a member of the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales (ICAEW).

Fernandes was formerly a Warner Music executive in Malaysia, and Vice President, ASEAN at Warner Music South East Asia from December 1999 to July 2001. When Time Warner (later WarnerMedia; now Warner Bros. Discovery) announced its merger with America Online, Fernandes left the company to pursue his dream of starting a budget no-frills airline.

### AirAsia

It was through the late Datuk Pahamin A. Rajab, the former secretary-general of the Malaysian Domestic Trade and Consumer Affairs Ministry that Fernandes came to meet with then Prime Minister, Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad in October 2001. Instead of starting from scratch, Mahathir advised Fernandes to buy an existing airline. AirAsia, the heavily indebted subsidiary of the Malaysian government-owned conglomerate, DRB-Hicom, was then losing money. Fernandes mortgaged his home and used his personal savings to acquire the company, comprising two Boeing 737-300 jet aircraft and debts of US$11 million (RM40 million), for one ringgit (about 26 US cents). One year after his takeover, AirAsia had broken even and cleared all its debts. Its initial public offering (IPO) in November 2004 was oversubscribed by 130 per cent.

Fernandes attributes the success of AirAsia partly to timing. After the 11 September 2001 attacks at New York City and Washington, D.C., aircraft leasing costs fell 40%. Also, airline lay-offs meant experienced staff were readily available. He believed Malaysian travellers would embrace a cut-rate air service that would save them time and money, especially in a tight economy. Fernandes estimates about 50 per cent of the travellers on Asia's budget airlines are first-time flyers. Before the advent of AirAsia, he estimated that only six per cent of Malaysians had ever travelled by air.

He was also instrumental in lobbying the then-Malaysian Prime Minister Dr. Mahathir Mohamad in mid-2003, to propose the idea of open skies agreements with neighbouring Thailand, Indonesia, and Singapore. As a result, these nations granted landing rights to AirAsia and other discount carriers.

In Thailand and Indonesia, AirAsia holds a minority stake in the respective local companies. Thai AirAsia, a joint venture with Shin Corporation, Thailand's largest telecommunication conglomerate, took to the skies in Feb 2004 and has to-date carried over 1 million passengers in its first year of operations. PT Awair, re-launched as a low-fare airline on 8 December 2004 and subsequently renamed Indonesia AirAsia, presently serves 5 domestic destinations in Indonesia.

In 2018 Fernandes announced that more low-cost carrier terminals would be developed, and confirmed that while AirAsia needed new planes, he had not yet decided on an aircraft manufacturer. Fernandes’ plans to expand include bidding on the operations and maintenance contract for Clark International Airport in the Philippines.

In February 2020, Fernandes stepped aside as CEO of AirAsia as Airbus bribery allegations were probed. A month later, Fernandes was reinstated as CEO of AirAsia after the Airbus bribery allegations probe was cleared by Britain's Serious Fraud Office of any wrongdoing.

### Other ventures

In 2007, Fernandes started a hotel chain, Tune Hotels, based on the no frills concept. It has properties in Britain, Australia and the Far East.

In March 2012, he served on the International Advisory Board of Global March to Jerusalem, which aims to "mobilize the international community in solidarity with Palestinians and to protect Jerusalem." A joint statement was issued, signed by the various members of the Board, including Fernandes.

In 2013, he hosted the first season of *The Apprentice Asia*, the Asian spin-off of the reality game show *The Apprentice*, in which a group of aspiring young businesspeople compete for the chance to work with Fernandes. However, his role will be replaced by founder, chairman, and CEO of ONE Championship, Chatri Sityodtong for the second season in 2021.

In 2017, Fernandes launches his first memoir, *Flying High*, published by Penguin Books.

In 2018, he was named the head of Malaysia Stadium Corporation (MSC) by the Malaysian Youth and Sports Ministry.

In 2020, he ventured to food delivery as COVID-19 has hit hard on Air Asia.

#### Caterham Group

Fernandes is the founder of the Caterham F1 Formula One team, which began racing in 2010 as Lotus Racing and raced in 2011 as Team Lotus. On 2 July 2014, Caterham F1 was sold to a Swiss and Middle Eastern consortium.

On 16 December 2009, Fernandes accepted a "challenge" from Richard Branson, a fellow airline boss and the owner of Lotus' fellow F1 newcomers Virgin Racing. The losing team's boss would work on the winner's airline for a day dressed as a steward. Branson lost. Fernandes' team produced a poster depicting Branson in an Air Asia uniform. However, the date of the flight was delayed several times: first because of Branson breaking his leg, then because of the royal wedding, and later because of a fire at the Necker Island. On 19 December 2012, Fernandes announced that Branson would honour his bet in May 2013. Branson ultimately honoured the bet on 13 May 2013.

Caterham Racing, also created by Fernandes, competed in the GP2 Series. In October 2014, Tony Fernandes sold the team to Teddy Yip Jr. and he relocated it to Silverstone to merge with Status Grand Prix.

On 27 April 2011, Fernandes announced that his company had purchased Caterham Cars.

#### Football

Fernandes is a fan of English club West Ham United and was involved in talks regarding a potential takeover of the club in May 2011, at which stage it looked as if he was going to acquire a 51 per cent stake in the club. Former West Ham chairman Andrew Bernhardt even flew to Kuala Lumpur to try and finalise the deal, but the two parties failed to agree on the price. It was just one month later when Fernandes made another offer to buy 51 per cent of the club, although co-owners David Sullivan and David Gold rejected his bid. Sullivan told the *Evening Standard*: "He wanted 51% of the club for two bob." Sullivan's comments started a war of words on Twitter. "It was a good offer with good money and brought in good people," said Fernandes. "Gold and Sullivan can say whatever they want. I have been a lifelong fan and would have brought good money, good ideas, new people and a new belief. As for PR stunts. Wow. They are always in the press making huge claims. Were we not supposed to be in Europe. Now we have been relegated. Two sacked managers. All good players will be sold. No new training ground which is the most important ingredient I feel. Look at how many injuries we have. And more investment into the academy."

On 18 August 2011, just three months after Queens Park Rangers' promotion back to the Premier League following a 15-year absence, Fernandes was unveiled as their majority shareholder, having bought Bernie Ecclestone's 66% stake. He was also named as chairman of QPR Holdings Ltd.

> Everyone knows I've followed West Ham all my life but I've always had a soft spot for QPR. Rangers were one of the first teams I watched as a child at Loftus Road. I've always wanted to be involved in football and the appeal of a London club, like QPR, was too good an opportunity to turn down.

Tony Fernandes, August 2011

While Neil Warnock remained as the club's manager for their return to the top-flight, a run of eight Premier League games without a win eventually led to his sacking. Mark Hughes was quickly named as his replacement, signing a two-and-a-half-year deal in the process. Despite their new manager, QPR's poor run of form continued, which left them fighting for Premier League survival on the final day of the 2011–2012 season. Relegation rivals Bolton Wanderers needed a win to have any chance of survival, but could only muster a draw with Stoke City, meaning QPR were safe, despite losing 3–2 to Manchester City after Sergio Agüero's injury-time winner – a goal which stole the Premier League title from arch-rivals Manchester United on goal difference.

Mark Hughes led the club into the 2012–2013 season, but after just four points from 12 games and without a single win – one of the worst starts in Premier League history – Fernandes dismissed Hughes. Fernandes hired former Tottenham Hotspur manager Harry Redknapp on 24 November 2012, but he was also unable to solve QPR's problems. Following a goalless draw with relegation rivals Reading on 28 April 2013, both teams were relegated to the Championship.

Speaking to the media just one week after Rangers' relegation back to the Championship, Fernandes said he had been exploited since he took over at Loftus Road. After investing an estimated £50 million into the club, he said: "I don't think I will be exploited any more. I think I allowed myself to be exploited but that's my choice. Agents are trying to get the best contracts and there are no two ways about it, I had to pay premiums. I've seen all of the parts that make football quite - maybe immoral is a strong word - but they would sell their grandmother to do something. It's all part of the football ecosystem."

In 2013 Fernandes said in an interview that he would leave the club if he was unable to "fix" their problems. In a 2017 interview, after a year in the Premier league in 2014-15 and three years relegated to the Championship league from 2015 to 2018, Fernandes admitted having made several mistakes, but also noted that much had been achieved. He restored the former QPR badge and colours and engaged more with the community near Loftus Road. In August 2018, Fernandes said that his tenure was “fast coming to a close”. He planned to step down and hand over the position of co-chairman to vice chairman Amit Bhatia, a change finalised on 15 August 2018.

On 10 July 2023, it was announced that Fernandes no longer held any shares in QPR's holding company, QPR Holdings Limited, and would no longer have involvement in the club.

## Personal life

Fernandes was previously married to Deborah Lee Bergstrom on 1 June 1994 and separated in 2004. They had two children, Stephanie and Stephen.

On 14 October 2017, Fernandes married a South Korean actress, Chloe Kim, at Hotel Cap Estel, in Èze on the French Riviera after having dated her for more than two years. On 3 October 2021, he announced on his LinkedIn that his third child, Aliyah Ena Fernandes and was born on 14 August 2021.

He is also an Overseas Citizenship of India, owing to his partial Indian ancestry.

Fernandes revealed in a separate interview with *The Nut Graph* in November 2009 and with *Free Malaysia Today* in September 2016 that he does not speak Malay, while stating that he can understand the language, but he can't speak it very well.

As of 2020, *Forbes* valued Fernandes' net worth at US$335 million, dropping from US$650 million that rank him at number 28 on the *Forbes* list of Malaysia's Richest in February 2014 then. In November 2020, he sold an Ayrshire estate in Scotland for £2.5 million (S$4.45 million), as the COVID-19 pandemic has taken a toll on airlines worldwide.

## Honours and awards

### Honours of Malaysia

### Foreign honours

### Honorary degrees

### Awards

Fernandes has received several awards for his achievements:

* International Herald Tribune Award for the "Visionaries & Leadership Series", for his outstanding work in AirAsia
* "Malaysian CEO of the Year 2003" in December 2003; so far awarded to only nine other recipients in the country, by American Express and Business Times. The award was an initiative to recognise entrepreneurial and managerial expertise and performance among leaders of Malaysian corporations.
* Named the joint winner of the CEO of the Year 2003 award by American Express Corporate Services and Business Times
* "Emerging Entrepreneur of the Year" in the Ernst & Young "Entrepreneur Of The Year Awards" in 2003
* Made the list of Business Week's "25 Stars of Asia" in 2005
* Malaysian Ernst & Young "Entrepreneur of the Year 2006"
* "Excellence In Leadership - Asia Pacific Leadership Awards 2009"
* 2010 Forbes Asia businessman of the year
* 2011 No. 52 in FastCompany's Top 100 Most Creative People in Business
* "Brand Builder of the Year" 2014 at the World Branding Awards, for his work in building the AirAsia brand

## InfoBox

| Yang Berbahagia Tan Sri Dato' SriTony FernandesPSM SSAP SPMP DPTJ CBE | |
| --- | --- |
| Fernandes at the British Grand Prix in July 2011 | |
| Born | Anthony Francis Fernandes
(1964-04-30) 30 April 1964
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia |
| Education | London School of Economics (BAcc) |
| Occupation | Entrepreneur |
| Years active | 1987–present |
| Title |  |
| Spouses | *   Deborah Lee Bergstrom  (m. 1994; sep. 2004) *   Chloe Kim (m. 2017) |
| Children | 3 |


title: RTN3

abstract: Reticulon-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RTN3 gene. The reticulons are a group of highly conserved genes with preferential expression in neuroendocrine tissues.[supplied by OMIM]

text:
# RTN3

**Reticulon-3** is a protein that in humans is encoded by the *RTN3* gene.

The reticulons are a group of highly conserved genes with preferential expression in neuroendocrine tissues (see, e.g., RTN1; MIM 600865).\[supplied by OMIM\]

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| RTN3 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Identifiers | | | |
| Aliases | RTN3, ASYIP, HAP, NSPL2, NSPLII, RTN3-A1, reticulon 3 | | |
| External IDs | OMIM: 604249; MGI: 1339970; HomoloGene: 24934; GeneCards: RTN3; OMA:RTN3 - orthologs | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
| Orthologs  Species **Human** **Mouse**  Entrez   Ensembl   UniProt   RefSeq (mRNA)    RefSeq (protein)      NP\_001003933
NP\_001003934
NP\_001258415
NP\_001258416
NP\_444306   Location (UCSC) Chr 11: 63.68 – 63.76 Mb Chr 19: 7.4 – 7.46 Mb  PubMed search | | | |
| Wikidata | | | |
| View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse | | | |


title: Qianzhou (modern Jiangxi)

abstract: Qianzhou or Qian Prefecture (虔州) was a zhou (prefecture) in imperial China centering on modern Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China. It existed (intermittently) from 589 to 1153.

text:
# Qianzhou (modern Jiangxi)

**Qianzhou** or **Qian Prefecture** (虔州) was a *zhou* (prefecture) in imperial China centering on modern Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China. It existed (intermittently) from 589 to 1153.

## Geography

The administrative region of Qianzhou in the Tang dynasty falls within modern Ganzhou in southern Jiangxi. It probably includes modern:

* Shi Weile, ed. (2005). *Zhongguo Lishi Diming Da Cidian* (中国历史地名大词典) \[*Large Dictionary of Chinese Historical Place Names*\] (in Chinese). China Social Sciences Press. p. 2112. ISBN 7-5004-4929-1.


title: Tuskegee (Cherokee town)

abstract: Tuskegee was an Overhill Cherokee town located along the lower Little Tennessee River in what is now Monroe County, Tennessee, United States. The town developed in the late 1750s alongside Fort Loudoun, and was inhabited until the late 1770s. It was forcibly evacuated and probably burned during the Cherokee–American wars. Tuskegee is perhaps best known as the birthplace of Sequoyah, a craftsman and polymath who independently created the Cherokee syllabary as an effective writing system for his language. He is one of the few people from a pre-literate society known in recorded history for such an achievement. The Tuskegee town site was investigated by archaeologists in the 1970s, as part of a survey and excavations of known sites prior to inundation of the valley after completion of the Tellico Dam in 1979.

text:
# Tuskegee (Cherokee town)

35°35′43″N 84°12′08″W / 35.59517°N 84.20227°W / 35.59517; -84.20227

**Tuskegee** (also spelled **Toskegee**, **Taskigi**, and similar variations) was an Overhill Cherokee town located along the lower Little Tennessee River in what is now Monroe County, Tennessee, United States. The town developed in the late 1750s alongside Fort Loudoun, and was inhabited until the late 1770s. It was forcibly evacuated and probably burned during the Cherokee–American wars.

Tuskegee is perhaps best known as the birthplace of Sequoyah (Cherokee, c.1770-1843), a craftsman and polymath who independently created the Cherokee syllabary as an effective writing system for his language. He is one of the few people from a pre-literate society known in recorded history for such an achievement.

The Tuskegee town site was investigated by archaeologists in the 1970s, as part of a survey and excavations of known sites prior to inundation of the valley after completion of the Tellico Dam in 1979.

## History

Early explorers made several maps and wrote accounts of the Overhill country, but Tuskegee is not mentioned or noted before 1757. However, a map by William G. De Brahm, the engineer who designed the fort, notes a place called "Taskigee old Town" near one of the proposed sites for the fort (the term "old town" often denoted a cleared or previously inhabited area, and this area is known to have been inhabited for thousands of years by indigenous peoples).

Historians generally believe that the Cherokee town of Tuskegee (also spelled *Toskegee*) developed here following the construction of Fort Loudoun (1756–1757) by the British colony of South Carolina. A map of the area drawn in either 1756 or early 1757 by John Stuart, an officer in Fort Loudoun's garrison, does not note Tuskegee.

Similarly, early correspondence of Fort Loudoun's garrison does not mention Tuskegee and typically uses Tomotley, a Cherokee town located further upriver to the south, as a reference point. Tuskegee is first mentioned in a letter from the fort dated January 11, 1757. Thereafter, the town is frequently mentioned as having the same location as Fort Loudoun.

After the Cherokee forced the fall of Fort Loudoun, were invaded, and subsequently signed a peace treaty with South Carolina, Virginia sent a peace delegation led by Henry Timberlake to visit the Overhill country in late 1761 and early 1762. Timberlake's map, entitled *"Draught of the Cherokee Country,"* gives detailed information on several Overhill towns, including Tuskegee. On the map, Tuskegee (spelled "Toskegee") is indicated by seventeen structures (probably houses) scattered across the area just south of Fort Loudoun, including three which stand in a line immediately south of the fort. Tuskegee is one of three towns on Timberlake's map that lacks a communal townhouse (the other two being Tanasi and Mialoquo), suggesting that it was a smaller settlement. Timberlake noted that Attakullakulla was the head-man of both Tuskegee and Mialoquo, and that Tuskegee was home to 55 fighters.

In response to a Cherokee attack against the Watauga settlements in the summer of 1776, Colonel William Christian led an invasion force to the Little Tennessee Valley in October of that year. Finding the Overhill towns deserted, Christian burned five, including Tuskegee. This was targeted for retaliation because the Cherokee had killed a settler boy whom they captured during the Watauga attack. Tuskegee was not likely rebuilt or reinhabited after this Anglo-American attack. Subsequent travelers to the area, including those visiting the ruins of Fort Loudoun from the American Tellico Blockhouse in the 1790s, make no mention of the town.

The Cherokee scholar Sequoyah (c.1770-1843), the creator of the Cherokee syllabary, was born at Tuskegee and lived in this area until the early 19th century. He was the son of a Cherokee woman named Wurtah and Nathaniel Gist, a fur trader. He grew up with his mother and her people, speaking only Cherokee for years. He is one of the few people from a pre-literate society known to have independently created an effective writing system. His syllabary inspired the development of 21 other scripts, used in a total of 65 languages across the world.

In the late 20th century, the Tennessee Valley Authority planned the Tellico Dam on the Little Tennessee River, with an accompanying lake that would flood many Cherokee and older indigenous sites along the river. The historic Tuskegee site was among those flooded after completion of Tellico Dam in 1979. The adjacent Fort Loudoun site was raised above lake operating levels, and the fort was reconstructed. Two Cherokee dwellings, a "summer" house and "winter" house, have been reconstructed just south of the fort to represent Tuskegee. The Sequoyah Birthplace Museum, dedicated to the Cherokee scholar, stands along Highway 360, opposite Fort Loudoun State Park.

## Archaeological work and findings

The Tennessee Division of Archaeology conducted excavations at the Tuskegee site (40MR4, 40MR24 and 40MR64) in the summer of 1976 in anticipation of the completion of Tellico Dam. Since TVA used the soil around the Tuskegee site for fill dirt to raise adjacent Fort Loudoun above lake operating levels, archaeologists were able to examine a relatively large area around the site (approximately 2.5 acres). These excavations found evidence of twelve structures from various periods dating to the Southern Appalachia Mississippian period, and artifacts from as early as the Archaic period, approximately 7500 BC. (The Tuskegee site lies roughly adjacent to Icehouse Bottom, a key Archaic period site).

Researchers determined that three of the twelve structures discovered during the excavations were Cherokee and appeared to correspond to the three houses just south of Fort Loudoun, as indicated on Timberlake's map. Two of these structures were rectangular, with one measuring 42.6 feet (13.0 m) by 14.7 feet (4.5 m) and the other 43.9 feet (13.4 m) by 21.3 feet (6.5 m). These appear to have been Cherokee "summer" houses (houses with open walls used during warmer months). The third structure was rectangular in shape, but with rounded corners, and measured 25.9 feet (7.9 m) by 20.3 feet (6.2 m).

Several refuse pits uncovered by excavators contained Cherokee artifacts. These included several thousand pottery sherds (primarily of the "Overhill Plain" variety), nails, musket balls, tools and jewelry.


title: Fláithrí Ó Corcrán

abstract:
Fláithrí Ó Corcrán, Irish singer and harpist, d. 1496. Ó Corcrán bore a surname held by at least two unrelated clans; one was a Brehon family from County Fermanagh, a second was situated in Munster. It is uncertain to which, if either, family Fláithrí belonged. The Annals of the Four Masters record his death, sub anno 1496:
  - Florence O'Corcoran, player on the harp and other stringed instruments, and a distinguished vocalist died.

text:
# Fláithrí Ó Corcrán

**Fláithrí Ó Corcrán**, Irish singer and harpist, d. 1496.

Ó Corcrán bore a surname held by at least two unrelated clans; one was a Brehon family from County Fermanagh, a second was situated in Munster. It is uncertain to which, if either, family Fláithrí belonged.

The Annals of the Four Masters record his death, *sub anno* 1496:

* *Florence O'Corcoran, player on the harp and other stringed instruments, and a distinguished vocalist died.*


title: Whitsunday Miners FC

abstract: Whitsunday Miners Football Club were an Australian association football club based in Mackay, Queensland. They played in the Queensland State League and were founded in 2008.

text:
# Whitsunday Miners FC

**Whitsunday Miners Football Club** were an Australian association football club based in Mackay, Queensland. They played in the Queensland State League and were founded in 2008.

## History

Since being founded in 2008, the Whitsunday Miners have played in the Queensland State League, although success hasn't been strong for them, having two shaky seasons since their foundation. In the 2008 QSL competition, The Miners finished 9th out of 10 teams, finishing one point behind Logan United and just above Bundaberg Spirit. In the 2009 season they once more failed to make an impact on a longer season, finishing 10th out of 11, with Bundaberg Spirit finishing below them once more.

In the 2011 QSL season, the Miners have progressed to Round 2 of the QSL Finals after finishing third overall behind Sunshine Coast and Brisbane Strikers. The Whitsunday Miners knocked out Gold Coast Stars in 3–1 win at the new Mackay Stadium and now look to the Far North Queensland Bulls to play for a spot in the final.

## Current squad

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

| No. Pos. Nation Player  1 GK  NIR Aodhan Campbell  2 DF  ENG Matt Oldring  3 DF  RSA Kyle McBurney  4 DF  AUS Corey Hooper  5 DF  ENG Michael Leslie  8 MF  AUS Tim Curtain  9 DF  AUS Brett Neeve  10 MF  ENG Bill Puckett  11 FW  AUS Mick Van Moolenbrock | No. Pos. Nation Player  12 MF  AUS Warrick Jansen  13 MF  AUS Matthew Zappone  14 FW  ENG Harry Pagan  15 MF  ENG Clark Bradford  16 FW  AUS Joseph Civello  17 DF  ENG Dean Faithfull  18 FW  FRA Arnold Mouako  19 MF  AUS Josh Drinkwater  20 GK  AUS Robbie McGill |
| --- | --- |

1. "Miners End Season with a Loss". Queensland State League. Retrieved 11 June 2010.
2. "Mundy named as Miners' best". Queensland State League. Retrieved 11 June 2010.

## InfoBox

Whitsunday Miners F.C.
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Whitsunday Miners Football Club |
| Founded | 2008 |
| Ground | Stadium Mackay |
| Capacity | 12,200 |
| Owner | Bernadette Moloney |
| Chairman | Unknown |
| Senior Men's <br>Manager | Graham Harvey |
| League | Queensland State League |
| QSL 2011 | 3rd |


abstract: Utica Township is a township in Winona County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 639 at the 2010 census. Utica Township was organized in 1858, and named after Utica, New York.

text:
# Utica Township, Winona County, Minnesota

**Utica Township** is a township in Winona County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 639 at the 2010 census.

Utica Township was organized in 1858, and named after Utica, New York.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 33.9 square miles (87.7 km2), all land.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 649 people, 201 households, and 174 families residing in the township. The population density was 19.2 people per square mile (7.4/km2). There were 209 housing units at an average density of 6.2/sq mi (2.4/km2). The racial makeup of the township was 99.38% White, 0.15% African American, and 0.46% from two or more races.

There were 201 households, out of which 42.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 78.1% were married couples living together, 3.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 13.4% were non-families. 10.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 2.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.23 and the average family size was 3.49.

In the township the population was spread out, with 34.8% under the age of 18, 8.2% from 18 to 24, 25.7% from 25 to 44, 19.6% from 45 to 64, and 11.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 108.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 104.3 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $49,844, and the median income for a family was $51,071. Males had a median income of $31,023 versus $21,607 for females. The per capita income for the township was $17,576. About 5.6% of families and 8.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.3% of those under age 18 and 6.0% of those age 65 or over.

## InfoBox

| Utica Township, Minnesota | |
| --- | --- |
| Township | |
| Town hall in Lewiston | |
| Utica Township, MinnesotaLocation within the state of MinnesotaUtica Township, MinnesotaUtica Township, Minnesota (the United States) | |
| Coordinates: 43°58′51″N 91°53′36″W / 43.98083°N 91.89333°W / 43.98083; -91.89333 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Minnesota |
| County | Winona |
| Area | |
| Total | 33.9 sq mi (87.7 km2) |
| Land | 33.9 sq mi (87.7 km2) |
| Water | 0.0 sq mi (0.0 km2) |
| Elevation | 1,188 ft (362 m) |
| Population (2010) | |
| Total | 639 |
| Density | 19/sq mi (7.3/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| ZIP code | 55979 |
| Area code | 507 |
| FIPS code | 27-66442 |
| GNIS feature ID | 0665846 |


title: Li Bi Cu

abstract: Li Bi Cu was a Chinese medical doctor who studied in the United States who established hospitals in China.

text:
# Li Bi Cu

**Li Bi Cu** (born c. 1881) was a Chinese medical doctor who studied in the United States who established hospitals in China.

## Personal life

Li Bi Cu was born in Putian, China. She had four brothers and one sister. When grown, she married Mr. Li, a Methodist minister. As a young woman, Li Bi Cu was a member of the first Epworth League ever established in China.

Li began studying English in 1897 when she was sixteen years old. She was sent to a mission school in Hongwa and later attended Folts Mission Institute in Herkimer and then the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania, in Philadelphia, graduating with high honors in 1905.

In 1915 Li was on a train bound west from Chicago when it struck a laborer, injuring him severely. The man was brought aboard, and when an appeal for a doctor was made, Li offered her services. "Then was seen the strange combination of a Chinese Christian woman caring for an injured Slav in an American baggage car," a Kentucky newspaper observed in 1913. In China, Li gave "much of her time to educating district nurses so they can go into the homes of Chinese mothers and help them in the care of sick children," the paper said.

In May 1912 Li, who was in Delaware for graduate study, was also the first woman lay delegate ever to attend the U.S. Methodist Episcopal General Conference in Minneapolis, representing Fuzhou. Her father, Reverend Li, accompanied her as representative from the Hungwa Conference. Her speech to the conference was reported as advising:

> I did not intend to come here to speak because, you know, I am a woman. (Great laughter and applause.) But I do want to leave a message with you all this morning. I think you know that the womanhood of China has been very low for several thousand years, and, therefore, now that the new republic is going to be formed, we want to have the womanhood of China lifted up as high as the womanhood of your nation. (Tremendous applause.)

## Profession and career

Li became a medical doctor when she graduated from the Woman's Medical College of Philadelphia. After eight years of study, she was the second Chinese woman to graduate in the U.S. as a doctor of medicine. She became head of hospitals in Niucheng Township and Fuzhou.

In summer 1902 she was a nurse in the surgical ward of Rochester Homeopathic Hospital.

Before returning to China, Li was received cordially by President Theodore Roosevelt in May 1905 when she called on him to pay her respects. In October she and Miss J. Hughes, her cabinmate, passed through Honolulu, Hawaii, aboard the *SS Manchuria* on their way to Shanghai.

In Fujian, she began her professional career at Nugeheng, where a hospital was built and furnished by the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society under her supervision; in 1907 it was dedicated for the healing of women and children.

In 1913, she was at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore. In that year she was quoted in a newspaper as saying:

> Do you know what your English language sounds like to me? It sounds like bird talk. The missionaries used to laugh at me when I told them that, but it is literally true; and even after I learned the language and have been speaking it for years\[,\] English still reminds me of the mysterious and mutual chirping and chattering of the birds. . . . I think English is beautiful, though difficult to learn; but no matter how much of it I know\<,\> I cannot get away from my first impression."

A hospital project on which she had been working for so many years was dedicated in December 1927 as the Lucie F. Harrison Memorial Hospital in Fuqing, 35 miles south of Fuzhou, under the auspices of the Women's Foreign Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church.

Li was a delegate to the World's Health and Social Morality Conference in New York City in 1919.

## Additional reading


title: Minarete Brass

abstract:
Minarete Brass was the first LP release by the Mexican producer and recording artist Sotelúm.
Considered by some Nortec Collective members as one of the most purposeful pieces of art in Tijuana.
This album is the result of Sotelúm's concerns to amalgamate modern jazz with mariachi and mexican folk music from the huasteca and tapatia regions of Mexico.
The music from this album is performed by Sotelúm & The Minarete Brass Orchestra, a live sub-project band specially grouped for live shows that has been described as "regional pride" by the IMAC and ICBC public institutions of culture.

text:
# Minarete Brass

***Minarete Brass*** was the first LP release by the Mexican producer and recording artist Sotelúm. Considered by some Nortec Collective members as one of the most purposeful pieces of art in Tijuana. This album is the result of Sotelúm's concerns to amalgamate modern jazz with mariachi and mexican folk music from the *huasteca* and *tapatia* regions of Mexico. The music from this album is performed by ***Sotelúm & The Minarete Brass Orchestra***, a live sub-project band specially grouped for live shows that has been described as "regional pride" by the IMAC and ICBC public institutions of culture.

## InfoBox

| Minarete Brass | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Sotelúm | |
| Released | October 20, 2010 (2010-10-20) |
| Recorded | 2009–2010 |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 28:00 |
| Label | Share The Light Music |
| Producer | Sotelúm |


title: Tom Pepper

abstract: Tom Pepper is a computer programmer best known for his collaboration with Justin Frankel on the Gnutella peer-to-peer system. He and Frankel co-founded Nullsoft, whose most popular program is Winamp, which was sold to AOL in May 1999. He subsequently worked for AOL developing SHOUTcast, an Internet streaming audio service, with Frankel and Stephen "Tag" Loomis. After leaving AOL in 2004. he worked at RAZZ, Inc. He continues to collaborate with Frankel on independent projects like Ninjam.

text:
# Tom Pepper

**Tom Pepper** (born August 24, 1975, in Des Moines, Iowa) is a computer programmer best known for his collaboration with Justin Frankel on the Gnutella peer-to-peer system. He and Frankel co-founded Nullsoft, whose most popular program is Winamp, which was sold to AOL in May 1999. He subsequently worked for AOL developing SHOUTcast, an Internet streaming audio service, with Frankel and Stephen "Tag" Loomis. After leaving AOL in 2004. he worked at RAZZ, Inc. He continues to collaborate with Frankel on independent projects like Ninjam.

## InfoBox

| Tom Pepper | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1975-08-24) August 24, 1975<br>Des Moines, Iowa |


title: RCAF Station Dafoe

abstract: RCAF Station Dafoe was a Second World War Royal Canadian Air Force station located near Dafoe, Saskatchewan, Canada. The station was home to the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan's No. 5 Bombing and Gunnery School. The school opened January 1941 and closed January 1945. Aircraft used included the Westland Lysander, Bristol Bolingbroke, Avro Anson, and Fairey Battle.

text:
# RCAF Station Dafoe

**RCAF Station Dafoe** was a Second World War Royal Canadian Air Force station located near Dafoe, Saskatchewan, Canada. The station was home to the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan's No. 5 Bombing and Gunnery School. The school opened January 1941 and closed January 1945. Aircraft used included the Westland Lysander, Bristol Bolingbroke, Avro Anson, and Fairey Battle.

## Aerodrome information

In approximately 1942 the aerodrome was listed as *RCAF Aerodrome - Dafoe, Saskatchewan* at 51°56′N 104°34′W / 51.933°N 104.567°W / 51.933; -104.567 with a variation of 18 degrees east and elevation of 1,740 ft (530 m). The aerodrome was listed with three runways as follows:

| Runway name | Length | Width | Surface |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 16/34 | 2,690 ft (820 m) | 150 ft (46 m) | Paved |
| 7/25 | 2,700 ft (820 m) | 150 ft (46 m) | Paved |
| 12/30 | 2,760 ft (840 m) | 150 ft (46 m) | Paved |

## Notable trainees

* William Arthur Sevicke-Jones, NZ429050 LAC Jones W A S, attended from 4 October 1943 to 15 November 1943.

## InfoBox

| RCAF Station Dafoe | |
| --- | --- |
| Dafoe, Saskatchewan<br>Near Dafoe, Saskatchewan in Canada | |
| RCAF Station DafoeRCAF Station Dafoe | |
| Coordinates | 51°55′58″N 104°34′01″W / 51.93278°N 104.56694°W / 51.93278; -104.56694 |
| Site information | |
| Operator | Formerly Royal Canadian Air Force |
| Airfield information | |
| Identifiers | IATA: none, ICAO: none |
| Elevation | 1,740 ft (530 m) AMSL |
| Runways  Direction Length and surface  18/00 3,300 ft (1,000 m) asphalt  9/27 3,300 ft (1,000 m) asphalt  13/31 3,300 ft (1,000 m) asphalt | |


title: Qianzhou, Jishou

abstract: Qianzhou is a subdistrict and the seat of Jishou City in Hunan, China. The subdistrict is located in the south of the city, it is bordered by Fenghuang County to the west and southwest, Luxi County to the southeast and east, Donghe, Zhenxi and Majing'ao subdistricts to the north. It has an area of 203.74 km⁲ (78.66 sq mi) with a population of 65 thousand.

text:
# Qianzhou, Jishou

**Qianzhou** (Chinese: 乾州街道; pinyin: *Qiánzhōu Jiēdào*) is a subdistrict and the seat of Jishou City in Hunan, China. The subdistrict is located in the south of the city, it is bordered by Fenghuang County to the west and southwest, Luxi County to the southeast and east, Donghe, Zhenxi and Majing'ao subdistricts to the north. It has an area of 203.74 km2 (78.66 sq mi) with a population of 65 thousand (2015 end).

28°15′22″N 109°41′28″E / 28.25621°N 109.69112°E / 28.25621; 109.69112


title: Two Thousand Women

abstract: Two Thousand Women is a 1944 British comedy-drama war film about a German internment camp in Occupied France which holds British women who have been resident in the country. Three RAF aircrewmen, whose bomber has been shot down, enter the camp and are hidden by the women from the Germans. The film was released in the United States in 1951 in a severely cut-down version under the title of House of 1,000 Women. Per the British Film Institute database, this is the second in an "unofficial trilogy" by Launder and Gilliat, along with Millions Like Us (1943) and Waterloo Road (1945).

text:
# Two Thousand Women

***Two Thousand Women*** is a 1944 British comedy-drama war film about a German internment camp in Occupied France which holds British women who have been resident in the country. Three RAF aircrewmen, whose bomber has been shot down, enter the camp and are hidden by the women from the Germans.

The film was released in the United States in 1951 in a severely cut-down version under the title of ***House of 1,000 Women***. Per the British Film Institute database, this is the second in an "unofficial trilogy" by Launder and Gilliat, along with *Millions Like Us* (1943) and *Waterloo Road* (1945).

## Plot

During the 1940 Battle of France, Rosemary Brown (Patricia Roc), an English novice nun, is apprehended by French soldiers who have mistaken her for a fifth columnist. She is sentenced to face a firing squad, but the Germans arrive and she is sent (without her habit, which is being cleaned) to an internment camp in a grand hotel at the spa town of Marneville. She journeys there in the back of a lorry with journalist Freda (Phyllis Calvert), stripper Bridie (Jean Kent), and posh Muriel (Flora Robson) and her travelling companion, Miss Meredith (Muriel Aked). At the camp, they meet Maud (Renée Houston), Margaret (Anne Crawford), Nellie (Dulcie Gray), Mrs Burtshaw (Thora Hird) and Teresa King (Betty Jardine). While two women are allocated to each room, Bridie uses her charms with Sergeant Hentzner (Carl Jaffe) to obtain a room to herself. Although the hotel is very luxurious, not all the baths have a water supply. The hotel proprietor, Monsieur Boper (Guy Le Feuvre), is believed to be collaborating with the Germans.

The women receive a radio from an unknown source, but it is swiftly confiscated by the Germans. The women conclude that they have a stool pigeon, nicknamed "Poison Ivy", amongst the dozen who knew about the radio. Nellie reports that she saw the German file on Rosemary; the charge of being a fifth columnist causes suspicion to fall on her. However, Freda and Maud do not believe it. They warn Rosemary, who reveals she is a nun.

Freda deliberately violates the blackout during a night-time air raid by the RAF. One plane crashes nearby after its crew bail out. Pilot Officer Jimmy Moore (James McKechnie), Sergeant Alec Harvey (Reginald Purdell) and Dave Kennedy (Robert Arden) seek refuge in the hotel. The women hide them, but have to conceal the fact from Teresa King, who is revealed to be a Nazi spy. Later, Alec recognises Rosemary as Mary Maugham, a singer whose boyfriend murdered his wife; she became a nun as a result. Jimmy and Rosemary begin to fall for each other, as do Dave and Bridie. Hentzner finds Dave, who manages to strangle him quietly, and his body is hidden.

The women devise a plan to enable the men to escape during a concert they will put on. To ensure the Germans stay until the end, Freda persuades Bridie to perform her act last. However, when Bridie overhears what Dave thinks of her (due to her fraternisation with the Germans), she slips Teresa a note betraying all. Freda makes Dave write an apology professing his love, which she delivers to Bridie. Bridie then goes to Teresa's room and sees that she has already read the note. The two women fight. Teresa wins and alerts Frau Holweg, but Maud knocks Holweg out. However, Teresa sees the airmen escaping and warns the commandant, but it is too late. The trio escape, with the aid of Monsieur Boper, who is not a collaborator after all. The women defiantly sing "There'll Always Be an England".

## Cast

## Production

Frank Launder stated later that he "should have treated the subject more seriously...that it would have been a bigger film if I concentrated less on the comedy and more on the drama".

Phyllis Calvert said she was offered the part of the nun who falls in love with a pilot, but turned it down and Patricia Roc played it instead. Calvert played Freda Thompson, even though she felt Launder and Gilliat "didn't like me turning down a part they had written for me, which I can understand". According to Calvert, Renée Houston and Flora Robson "didn't get on at all" while the film was being made.

## Reception

According to trade papers, the film was a success at the British box office in 1944.

## American release

Perhaps because of the success of *Three Came Home*, the film was released in the USA in 1951 in a severely cut version under the title of *House of 1,000 Women*. The American version of the film available on DVD ignores Patricia Roc's adventures as well as several subplots and starts the film with the transport to the internment hotel.

## InfoBox

| Two Thousand Women | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Frank Launder |
| Screenplay by | Frank Launder
**add dialogue**
Michael Pertwee |
| Produced by | Edward Black
**executive**
Maurice Ostrer |
| Starring | Phyllis Calvert
Flora Robson
Patricia Roc
Renée Houston |
| Cinematography | Jack E. Cox |
| Edited by | R. E. Dearing |
| Music by | Hans May |
| Production
company | Gainsborough Studios |
| Distributed by | Gainsborough Studios
Ellis Films (US) |
| Release dates | * 6 November 1944 (1944-11-06) (UK) * October 1951 (1951-10) (US) |
| Running time | 97 min. (UK)
81 min. (US) |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Language | English |
| Box office | 547,159 admissions (France, 1945) |


title: Maria de Taye

abstract: Maria de Taye was the 25th abbess of Forest Abbey at Vorst in the Duchy of Brabant from 29 January 1609 until her death. She was originally from Gooik. During her time as abbess she overstretched the abbey's finances by purchasing a refugium in Brussels. She also commissioned paintings from Hieronymus van Orley to adorn the abbey church, and commissioned an atlas of the abbey's property from the surveyor Filips de Dijn.

text:
# Maria de Taye

**Maria de Taye** (died 28 July 1637) was the 25th abbess of Forest Abbey at Vorst in the Duchy of Brabant (now in Belgium) from 29 January 1609 until her death.

She was originally from Gooik. During her time as abbess she overstretched the abbey's finances by purchasing a refugium in Brussels. She also commissioned paintings from Hieronymus van Orley to adorn the abbey church, and commissioned an atlas of the abbey's property from the surveyor Filips de Dijn.

## InfoBox

| Lady
Maria de Taye
O.S.B. | |
| --- | --- |
| Abbess of Forest Abbey | |
| In office | 29 January 1609 – 28 July 1637 |
| Predecessor | Adrienne du Petit-Cambrai |
| Successor | Françoise de Bette |
| Personal details | |
| Died | 28 July 1637 |


abstract: Lewisburg Historic District in Covington, Kentucky, United States, is a 70-acre (28 ha) historic district that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993. At that time, it included 430 buildings deemed to contribute to the historic character of the area, and 46 non-contributing buildings. It is bounded by Interstate 75 on the east and city limits on the southwest and west.

text:
# Lewisburg Historic District (Covington, Kentucky)

**Lewisburg Historic District** in Covington, Kentucky, United States, is a 70-acre (28 ha) historic district that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993. At that time, it included 430 buildings deemed to contribute to the historic character of the area, and 46 non-contributing buildings. It is bounded by Interstate 75 on the east and city limits on the southwest and west.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Lewisburg Historic District | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| U.S. Historic district | |
|  | |
| Scene on Twelfth Street | |
|  | |
| Location | Roughly bounded by I-75 and the Covington city limits, Covington, Kentucky |
| Coordinates | 39°4′37″N 84°31′23″W / 39.07694°N 84.52306°W / 39.07694; -84.52306 |
| Area | 70 acres (28 ha) |
| Built | 1842 |
| Architect | Multiple |
| Architectural style | Late 19th and 20th Century Revivals architecture, Late Victorian, Greek Revival |
| NRHP reference No. | 93001165 |
| Added to NRHP | November 5, 1993 |


title: Minaret Records

abstract: Minaret Records was a record label in Valparaiso, Florida. The label released recordings of Big John Hamilton. In 1973, Kim Jones of Nashville signed an exclusive recording contract with Finley Duncan of Minaret Records. Her recordings were to be distributed by the Shelby Singleton Corporation. Herb Shucher founded Minaret before leaving to join Shelby Singleton's SSS organization, which took over the label a few years later in 1967.

text:
# Minaret Records

**Minaret Records** was a record label in Valparaiso, Florida. The label released recordings of Big John Hamilton. In 1973, Kim Jones of Nashville signed an exclusive recording contract with Finley Duncan (who started out as Jukebox operator) of Minaret Records. Her recordings were to be distributed by the Shelby Singleton Corporation. Herb Shucher founded Minaret before leaving to join Shelby Singleton's SSS organization, which took over the label a few years later in 1967.


title: Tom Penny

abstract: Tom Penny is a professional skateboarder from Abingdon, United Kingdom (UK). As of January 2013, Penny is sponsored by the Flip skateboard deck brand and his Cheech & Chong signature deck is one of the brand's highest-selling deck products.

text:
# Tom Penny

**Tom Penny** (born 13 April 1977) is a professional skateboarder from Abingdon, United Kingdom (UK). As of January 2013, Penny is sponsored by the Flip skateboard deck brand and his Cheech & Chong signature deck is one of the brand's highest-selling deck products.

## Early life

Penny was born in Abingdon, England, UK and grew up skateboarding in Oxford, England, UK. He attended the Dragon School. Penny has described his early years skateboarding in Oxford:

> When I first started skateboarding in Oxford, England, there were not so many skateboarders—there were just a few skateboarders that I grew up with. There were no magazines, no skate shop, and we had no vision of the outside world of skateboarding; so, people who influenced me when I was younger, growing up, would be the friends that I grew up skateboarding with: Justin Parker, Erin Chalice, Pete Crucioli and Thomas Kilpatrick.

## Professional skateboarding

Penny was spotted by Oxford local pro and SS20 co-owner Sean Goff and added to the SS20 shop team. He quickly gained coverage in UK skate magazines, including *RAD* and *Skateboard!*, and was featured in videos such as *Rollersnakes 540* and *720*.

### Deathbox

Following the initial coverage that Penny received, he was soon added to the Deathbox Skateboards team by owner Jeremy Fox (Deathbox was later merged with Bash Skateboards and was re-branded as "Flip"). In 1993 Penny appeared in the inaugural Flip video *The Long Overdue*, alongside Geoff Rowley, Alex Moul, Andy Scott and Rune Glifberg—the video was made by Goff.

In 1993 Penny made his first international video appearance in *411VM'*s "Issue 2" and was featured in a "Wheels of Fortune" segment—Penny was 16 years of age and the segment features footage from the Radlands Skatepark in Northampton, UK. At the age of 16 years, Penny was sponsored by Flip, Independent, Droors, Union and SS20.

### United States relocation

In late 1994, Flip left UK shores and relocated to Huntington Beach, California, US, the "heart" of world skateboarding. Along with other team members, Rowley, Scott and Glifberg, Penny exerted a significant impact on the skateboarding sub-culture with his small part in the Flip industry section in *411VM'*s "Issue 11"; his switch frontside flip at the Carlsbad Gap; and a five-trick downhill run that ended in a backside tailslide on a nine-stair handrail. By the end of 1995, Penny had received acclaim from notable professional skateboarders, such as Tony Hawk.

During his time in the US, Penny released video parts in the mid-1990s, such as Etnies' *Hi-Five*, Transworld Skateboarding's *Uno*, TSA's *Life in the Fast Lane*, *Balance in the World of Chaos* and Dope Clothing's *Time for Tea*. During this period, Penny also received his first cover photograph for *Transworld*, in which he is performing a frontside bluntslide in Huntington Beach. Skin Phillips, *Transworld'*s former editor-in-chief, stated: "The other thing with Tom and really all the Flip guys when they came over was that they were absolutely unfazed by contests or demos. That’s just what they grew up skating."

During the early 2000s, Penny reappeared in Flip's videos, *Sorry*, *Really Sorry* and *Extremely Sorry*.

In 2023, Penny was inducted into the Skateboarding Hall of Fame, which is in the U.S.

### Sponsors

As of 2021, Penny is sponsored by:

* Flip Skateboards
* éS Footwear
* Ghetto Child Wheels
* Mosaic Bearings
*

## Skateboarding influences

In a 2012 interview, Penny identified the five skateboarders that have been the most influential throughout his career: Daewon Song, Rodney Mullen, Danny Way, Chad Muska and Steve Caballero. He also acknowledged contemporary influences, such as Quim Cardona, Paulo Diaz and Sean Sheffey—"People that are slightly interesting; make it more fun; make it more enjoyable; more original skateboarders; stylish skateboarders".

## Influence

Professional skateboarder Chad Muska, has explained his experience of skateboarding with Tom Penny in the 1990s:

> That was pretty much the craziest part of it all. It was almost like he didn't know he was doing anything special. None of it was conscious. Nothing he's done has been conscious \[laughs\]. It's just all-natural. His whole life is like that ... Anywhere you went he would just bust something—no cameras, nothing. None of it was ever planned in any way. It was never like, "I'm gonna do this and I'll get this cover and be a superstar." It was just, "Oh, there's an obstacle in front of me and I want to do this down it." Boom. "I'm just doing it."

Geoff Rowley and Andrew Reynolds are two other professional skateboarders (both are also company owners) who have also publicly praised Penny and Reynolds has described the filming of Penny's footage for the *Etnies* *High Five* video:

> Oh man. The switch flip. It’s unexplainable. That whole thing is just like the Penny package. It’s like a display. Not many people have got kickflip, frontside flip, switch frontside flip, and switch flip all looking exactly the same. It wasn’t even really that common to do tricks over handrails at that point. He just killed it.

In December 2011, Penny was identified as the twenty-first most influential skateboarder of all time by *Transworld Skateboarding* magazine; however, Phillips had first revealed his perspective on Penny in 2009:

> That was just sort of the way Penny was. He was nonchalant. He sort of didn’t realise—I don’t think he’s ever realised the impact he’s had on skateboarding. He never thought about it. Everything was just natural. Were his lines thought out before? Probably to an extent based on what he’d been doing in practice. But none of it was premeditated like, "Right, I’m gonna do this here, then hit the hip, then hit the pyramid". It was just flow.

*Transworld* then introduced Penny's 2012 interview for the "Most Influential" series with the following blurb: "Tom Penny changed everything that came before him. Tom’s technique, on any terrain, was so fluid and nonchalant that within six months of his arrival on US soil back in '94, every pro on the planet wanted to skate like him."

In July 2013, professional skateboarder Paul Rodriguez identified Penny in his "top ten" list of professional skateboarders, explaining that "Tom to me was like a mythical figure ... To me his style was my favorite in skateboarding just the way moves, the way he did his tricks, it looked so lazy and so buttery."

## Contest history

Penny made his debut at the 1993 UK Championships Contest at Radlands, where he came 3rd—US skateboarder, Willy Santos, won the contest.

Penny returned to Radlands in 1994 for the UK Championships and finished in 6th place; US contestant, Mike Santarossa, won the contest.

Penny won the 1995 Radlands UK Championships Contest, which had evolved into one of the world's biggest contests. Penny beat over 100 other competitors, including over 75 US professionals, including Ray Barbee, Hawk, Bob Burnquist, Andrew Reynolds, Ed Templeton, Eric Koston, Phil Shao (now deceased) and Jamie Thomas.

## Videography

* Rollersnakes "720" (1992)
* Flip: *The Long Overdue (unofficial)* (1993)
* *411VM*: Issue 2 – "Wheels of Fortune" (1993)
* Hook-Ups: *Asian Goddess* (1994)
* ATM: *Come Together* (1995)
* etnies: *Hi-5* (1995)
* *411VM*: Issue 11 – "Flip Skateboards Industry Section" (1995)
* TSA: "Life in the Fast Lane" (1996)
* Transworld: *Uno* (1996)
* Dope Clothing: *Time for Tea* (1996)
* Genie of the Lamp (1998)
* *Landspeed: CKY* (1999)
* éS: *Menikmati* (2000)
* Transworld: *Anthology* (2000)
* *Collage* (2001)
* TSA: *Life in the Fast Lane (re-release)* (2001)
* Flip: *Sorry* (2002)
* Transworld: *Videoradio* (2002)
* éS: *Germany Tour* (2002)
* éS: *Europe Tour* (2003)
* Flip: *Really Sorry* (2003)
* Flip: *Feast Tours* (2006)
* Flip: *Extremely Sorry* (2009)
* Supra: *European Tour* (2011)
* Skate Sauce: *Hard Times But Good Times* (2012)

## InfoBox

Tom Penny
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1977-04-13) 13 April 1977<br>Dorchester, Dorset, England |
| Home town | Oxford, England |
| Education | Dragon School |


title: Radermachera

abstract: Radermachera is a genus of about 17 species of flowering plants in the family Bignoniaceae, native to southeastern Asia. They are evergreen trees reaching 5–40 m tall, with bipinnate or tripinnate leaves, and panicles of large bell-shaped, white, pink, pale purple or yellow flowers 5–7 cm diameter. The genus is named after Jacob Cornelis Matthieu Radermacher, the 18th century Dutch naturalist who cataloged much of the flora of Java and Sumatra.

text:
# Radermachera

***Radermachera*** is a genus of about 17 species of flowering plants in the family Bignoniaceae, native to southeastern Asia. They are evergreen trees reaching 5–40 m tall, with bipinnate or tripinnate leaves, and panicles of large bell-shaped, white, pink, pale purple or yellow flowers 5–7 cm diameter.

The genus is named after Jacob Cornelis Matthieu Radermacher, the 18th century Dutch naturalist who cataloged much of the flora of Java and Sumatra.

## Species

As of July 2020, *Plants of the World Online* recognises 17 accepted species:

## Cultivation and uses

*Radermachera sinica* has become a popular houseplant, grown for its decorative foliage.

*Radermachera* sp. 'Kunming' sold under the tradename 'Summerscent' is a fast growing, scented, trending plant in Australia. Useful as an informal screen (pruning aggressively after flowering) or a small tree if trained to a single trunk (cinture before flowering to maximise flower production and reduce crown after flowering).

## InfoBox

| *Radermachera* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Radermachera peninsularis* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Lamiales |
| Family: | Bignoniaceae |
| *Clade*: | Crescentiina |
| *Clade*: | Paleotropical clade |
| Genus: | *Radermachera*<br>Zoll. & Moritzi |
|
| Species | |
| See text | |
| Synonyms | |
| * *Lagaropyxis*  Miq. | |


title: Quantopian

abstract: Quantopian was a company that aimed to create a crowd-sourced hedge fund by letting freelance quantitative analysts develop, test, and use trading algorithms to buy and sell securities. In November 2020, Quantopian announced it would shut down after 9 years of operation.

text:
# Quantopian

**Quantopian** was a company that aimed to create a crowd-sourced hedge fund by letting freelance quantitative analysts develop, test, and use trading algorithms to buy and sell securities.

In November 2020, Quantopian announced it would shut down after 9 years of operation.

## History

John Fawcett and Jean Bredeche founded Quantopian in 2011. Over its history, Quantopian raised $48.8M from investors such as Spark Capital, Khosla Ventures, Bessemer Venture Partners, Point72 Ventures, and Andreessen Horowitz. As of July 2016, the company consisted of 45 employees, up from 20 employees in January 2014 and 12 in January 2014. As of August 2018, the company had over 210,000 members compared to 85,000 in July 2016, 20,000 in May 2014, and 10,000 in October 2013. In July 2016, Steven A. Cohen, chief executive officer of Point72 Asset Management, announced his firm will put up to $250M under the direction of algorithms managed by Quantopian and make an investment in Quantopian itself. The company has funded individual algorithms with as much as $50,000,000. In February 2020, Quantopian announced it would return investors' money due to the underperformance of its investment strategies.

## Business Model

The company ran a two-sided market business model:

The first side consisted of algorithm-developer members who developed and tested for free, focusing on algorithm development for factors that can be added to Quantopian's offerings to institutional investors. It hosted contests called "Quantopian Open", where anyone could join and enter regardless of education or work experience. Quantopian provided them with free data sources and tools, largely built in the Python programming language.

The second side was institutional investors. These members had their investments managed by the winning algorithms. Successful developer-members could get a royalty or commission from investor-members, who profited from the former's algorithm used with larger resources \> $1M. Board member Andrew Parker claimed that Quantopian aimed for modest number of users and a large average revenue per user (ARPU); more like Bloomberg than Facebook.

The business model capitalized on a trend jokingly dubbed "the latest DIY craze" by the Wall Street Journal.

Previously the company provided brokerage integrations to individual investors. These integrations were continued by the community who started the open source project Zipline-Live

In 2018, the company announced the availability of an enterprise software product for asset managers, in partnership with FactSet.

In 2015, Quantopian's Director of Products, Karen Rubin, used the service in a study that showed that a hypothetical portfolio of investments in women-led companies would perform three times better than an investment in an index fund based on the S&P 500 over the same period. Her study was inspired by a Credit Suisse’s Gender 3000 report, specifically that "Companies with more than one woman on the board have returned a compound 3.7% a year over those that have none..." and yet paradoxically only "12.7% of boards had gender diversity." Writing for *Wired* magazine, Fawcett proposed that Quantopian be used as a MOOC-like platform for higher education.

## Technology

Quantopian's web-based product was written in Python. Parts of the company's technology were available under an open source license, in particular, their backtesting engine dubbed "Zipline." The uploaded algorithms of users remained the trade secrets of the individual (unless the person chooses to publish them). The company claimed that its employees could not access the submitted algorithms (except in certain circumstances) and that protection was ensured by "alignment of interests". The company did however reserve the right to review the performance and other outputs of user's algorithms. Allowing users to run arbitrary code on its servers posed some unusual cyber-security challenges.

## Termination of services

In October 2020 CEO John Fawcett announced, "I'm sad to say that we will be winding down Quantopian's free community offering over the next couple of weeks and on November 14th, the community platform will be taken down.... We know this is short notice.... Crowd-sourcing alpha was a moonshot and I'm deeply thankful that we had the opportunity to pursue the dream together for 9 years."

After publishing the termination of its services for quants, the Quantopian team disclosed their intent to integrate with commission-free broker Robinhood Markets.

To fill the gap left by Quantopian, a number of traders have relied on open source projects like Gekko and Freqtrade. The first companies to capitalize on the gap left by Quantopian were CrunchDAO, QuantConnect, and Numerai. In recent years, a group of cloud-based tools has emerged to service the needs of quants with a specific focus on cryptocurrencies including 3commas, Mudrex, and Tuned.

## InfoBox

Quantopian
|
|  |
| Industry | Finance |
| Founded | 2011 |
| Defunct | 2020 |
| Headquarters | Boston, Massachusetts, United States |
| Key people | * John Fawcett, CEO & cofounder * Jean Bredeche, CTO & cofounder |
| Number of employees | 45 (2016) |
| Website | www.quantopian.com |


title: Two Thousand Seasons

abstract: Two Thousand Seasons is a novel by Ghanaian novelist Ayi Kwei Armah. The novel was first published in 1973 and subsequently published a number of times, including in the influential Heinemann African Writers Series. It is an epic historical novel, attempting to depict the last "two thousand seasons" of African history in one narrative arc following a Pan-African approach.

text:
# Two Thousand Seasons

***Two Thousand Seasons*** is a novel by Ghanaian novelist Ayi Kwei Armah. The novel was first published in 1973 and subsequently published a number of times, including in the influential Heinemann African Writers Series. It is an epic historical novel, attempting to depict the last "two thousand seasons" of African history in one narrative arc following a Pan-African approach.

## Themes

The novel focuses on the complicity of African people in the enslavement of their people to intruders, first represented as Arabs then later as European whites. In doing so, the novel emphasizes the continued complicitness of African leaders in furthering the oppression of other African peoples. For Armah, the intervention of outside cultures violates a past "African ideal \[...\] egalitarian philosophy" which can help guide the recovery of, what critic Chinyere Nwahunanya calls a "lost African Eden".

## Reception

Criticism of the novel is mixed. Chinua Achebe, in a 1987 interview, described *Two Thousand Seasons* as "unacceptable on the basis of fact, and on the basis of art. The work is ponderous and heavy and wooden, almost embarrassing in its heaviness."

The reviewing site *Complete Review* gave the novel a B+ rating, noting that it is an "often strong but ultimately too simplistic picture of Africa -- past and future". The review focuses on Armah's oversimplification of the African continent's "actual sad history".

Gloria Steinem in a 2016 article for *T: The New York Times Style Magazine* chose *Two Thousand Seasons* as one of her 10 favourite books and said of Ayi Kwei Armah: "He not only redefines history, but how history is told."

## Further reading

## InfoBox

Two thousand reasons
| Cover of paperback edition published by Third World Press | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Ayi Kwei Armah |
| Language | English |
| Genre | Fiction |
| Publisher | Heinemann Educational Books; First Edition |
| Publication date | January 1, 1979 |
| Publication place | Ghana |
| Pages | 206 |
| ISBN | 978-0435902186 |


title: Two Thoroughbreds

abstract: Two Thoroughbreds is a 1939 American drama film directed by Jack Hively, written by Joseph Fields and Jerome Cady, and starring Jimmy Lydon, Joan Leslie, Arthur Hohl, J.M. Kerrigan, Marjorie Main, Selmer Jackson and Spencer Charters. It was released on December 8, 1939, by RKO Pictures.

text:
# Two Thoroughbreds

***Two Thoroughbreds*** is a 1939 American drama film directed by Jack Hively, written by Joseph Fields and Jerome Cady, and starring Jimmy Lydon, Joan Leslie, Arthur Hohl, J.M. Kerrigan, Marjorie Main, Selmer Jackson and Spencer Charters. It was released on December 8, 1939, by RKO Pictures.

## Plot

When thieves steal Larkspur, a prize thoroughbred brood mare, from the Conway ranch, her foal runs after her and is found by David Carey, an orphan who lives with his heartless aunt Hildegarde and uncle Thad. The lonely David befriends the colt, whom he names Sunset, and convinces his brutal uncle to let him keep the animal, arguing that they can reap a reward from selling the horse. While visiting the Conway ranch in search of advice about raising his horse, David is befriended by Jack Lenihan, the stablemaster, who offers the boy a job in exchange for special food for his colt. When Bill Conway and his daughter Wendy return to the ranch from the East, David realizes that Sunset is their missing foal. As David struggles with his conscience over returning the colt, his cruel uncle harnesses Sunset to a plow and beats the animal. To save the horse, Wendy offers to buy him and then realizes that he is Larkspur's missing colt. Wendy offers David a job as stableboy on the ranch, but David refuses out of guilt and decides to run away. He bids Sunset farewell, but the horse gallops after him and breaks a leg while trying to jump a fence. David begs the Conways to spare the injured horse and, to save Sunset's life, confesses that the animal is their missing horse. Touched by David's confession, Conway convinces the skeptical vet, Dr. Purdy, to use an experimental cast on the horse's broken leg, and after a shaky start, Sunset makes a miraculous recovery.

## Cast

## InfoBox

| Two Thoroughbreds | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | Jack Hively |
| Screenplay by |  |
| Story by | Joseph Fields |
| Produced by | Cliff Reid |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Frank Redman |
| Edited by | Theron Warth |
| Music by | Roy Webb |
| Production<br>company | RKO Pictures |
| Distributed by | RKO Pictures |
| Release date | * December 8, 1939 (1939-12-08) |
| Running time | 62 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: Flávia Biroli

abstract: Flávia Biroli is a Brazilian political scientist. She is the author of several books about democracy, gender, and the media. She is a professor of political science at the University of Brasília and a specialist in feminist political theory.

text:
# Flávia Biroli

**Flávia Biroli** is a Brazilian political scientist. She is the author of several books about democracy, gender, and the media. She is a professor of political science at the University of Brasília and a specialist in feminist political theory.

## Life

Biroli was born in 1975 in the city of São José do Rio Preto. She has a doctorate in history from Unicamp and she became a professor of political science at the University of Brasília in 2005.

Biroli has been heavily involved in political science organizations in Brazil. She has been a coordinator of the Gender, Democracy, and Public Policy section of the Brazilian Political Science Association, as well as a member of the board of directors of Brazil's National Association of Graduate Studies and Research in Social Sciences. In 2018 she was the President of the President of the Mercosur Women's Forum and she became the president of the Brazilian Political Science Association, with her term lasting until 2020.

Biroli also manages the Research on Democracy and Inequality Group at the University of Brasília, led by fellow political scientist Luis Felipe Miguel. She has also played a role in the Advisory Committee for the UN Women group in Brazil.

Biroli was the co-editor of the *Brazilian Journal of Political Science* from 2009 to 2016.

## Selected works

* *Caleidoscópio convexo: mulheres, mídia e política*, with Luis Felipe Miguel (pt), (2011)
* *Autonomia e desigualdades de gênero: contribuições do feminismo para a crítica democrática* (2013)
* *Família: novos conceitos* (2014)
* *Feminismo e Política*, with Luis Felipe Miguel (2015)

## InfoBox

| Flávia Millena Biroli Tokarski | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | 1975 (1975) (age 49)<br>São José do Rio Preto |
| Nationality | Brazilian |
| Known for | *Autonomia e desigualdades de gênero: contribuições do feminismo para a crítica democrática* |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields |  |
|  | |


title: White-backed mousebird

abstract: The white-backed mousebird is a large species of mousebird. It is distributed in western and central regions of southern Africa from Namibia and southern Botswana eastwards to Central Transvaal and the eastern Cape. This mousebird prefers scrubby dry habitats, such as thornveld, fynbos scrub and semi-desert. This bird is about 34 cm (13.5 in) long, with the tail comprising approximately half the length, and weighs 38–64 g (1.3–2.3 oz). The upper parts, head, prominent crest and breast are grey apart from a white back stripe flanked by two broad black stripes and a dark red, or maroon, transverse band at the base of the tail. The white is not visible unless the wings are at least partly open, such as when the birds are alighting, or sometimes in hot weather. The belly is buff in colour. The bill is bluish white with a black tip, and the legs and feet are red. The speckled mousebird can be distinguished from this species by its differently coloured beak, legs and upperparts. The white-backed mousebird is a frugivore which subsists on fruits, berries, leaves, seeds and nectar. It also will feed on the buds of some plants, sometimes to the extent of stripping the branches of ornamentals such as fiddlewoods. Its feeding habits make it very unpopular with fruit farmers and domestic gardeners, which might be why it is very shy as a rule. When it spots a human it either sits quietly in a tree or takes off immediately. Sometimes it will settle on lawns when the grass is flowering and feed on the grass stigmata and stamens. In the wild its fruit-eating habits are an important factor in disseminating seeds of indigenous berry-producing plants such as Halleria lucida. However, it also spreads the seeds of invasive aliens such as Cotoneaster. In handling mousebirds the tail should be avoided, as the long rectrices come out so easily as to suggest that it is a sacrificial defence mechanism. This is a markedly social bird, with small groups of presumably related birds feeding together and engaging in mutual preening. It roosts in groups at night. Its perching habits are amusingly parrot-like; it often almost hangs from its legs rather than squatting on them like most birds, and commonly with each leg gripping a different upright branch. These sedentary birds may breed at any time of the year when conditions are favourable. The nest is a large cup well hidden in a thicket. Nestlings are fed by both parents and also by helpers, usually young birds from previous clutches. The white-backed mousebird has a whistled zwee-wewit call. It also has a buzzing or crackling call that might be for alarm or keeping in contact with the group.

text:
# White-backed mousebird

The **white-backed mousebird** (***Colius colius***) is a large species of mousebird. It is distributed in western and central regions of southern Africa from Namibia and southern Botswana eastwards to Central Transvaal and the eastern Cape.

This mousebird prefers scrubby dry habitats, such as thornveld, fynbos scrub and semi-desert.

This bird is about 34 cm (13.5 in) long, with the tail comprising approximately half the length, and weighs 38–64 g (1.3–2.3 oz). The upper parts, head, prominent crest and breast are grey apart from a white back stripe flanked by two broad black stripes and a dark red, or maroon, transverse band at the base of the tail. The white is not visible unless the wings are at least partly open, such as when the birds are alighting, or sometimes in hot weather. The belly is buff in colour. The bill is bluish white with a black tip, and the legs and feet are red.

The speckled mousebird can be distinguished from this species by its differently coloured beak, legs and upperparts.

The white-backed mousebird is a frugivore which subsists on fruits, berries, leaves, seeds and nectar. It also will feed on the buds of some plants, sometimes to the extent of stripping the branches of ornamentals such as fiddlewoods. Its feeding habits make it very unpopular with fruit farmers and domestic gardeners, which might be why it is very shy as a rule. When it spots a human it either sits quietly in a tree or takes off immediately. Sometimes it will settle on lawns when the grass is flowering and feed on the grass stigmata and stamens. In the wild its fruit-eating habits are an important factor in disseminating seeds of indigenous berry-producing plants such as *Halleria lucida*. However, it also spreads the seeds of invasive aliens such as *Cotoneaster*.

In handling mousebirds the tail should be avoided, as the long rectrices come out so easily as to suggest that it is a sacrificial defence mechanism.

This is a markedly social bird, with small groups of presumably related birds feeding together and engaging in mutual preening. It roosts in groups at night. Its perching habits are amusingly parrot-like; it often almost hangs from its legs rather than squatting on them like most birds, and commonly with each leg gripping a different upright branch.

These sedentary birds may breed at any time of the year when conditions are favourable. The nest is a large cup well hidden in a thicket. Nestlings are fed by both parents and also by helpers, usually young birds from previous clutches.

The white-backed mousebird has a whistled *zwee-wewit* call. It also has a buzzing or crackling call that might be for alarm or keeping in contact with the group.

* Ian Sinclair, Phil Hockey and Warwick Tarboton, *SASOL Birds of Southern Africa* (Struik 2002) ISBN 1-86872-721-1

## InfoBox

| White-backed mousebird | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| The black-tipped bill is diagnostic among local species of mousebirds | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Coliiformes |
| Family: | Coliidae |
| Genus: | *Colius* |
| Species: | ***C. colius*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Colius colius***
(Linnaeus, 1766) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Loxia colius* Linnaeus, 1766 | |