title: United States v. Rodriquez

abstract: United States v. Rodriquez, 553 U.S. 377 (2008), was a United States Supreme Court case interpreting the Armed Career Criminal Act. Justice Samuel Alito, writing for the 6–3 majority, ruled that although the elements of a crime may not be considered "serious," sentence enhancements related to a defendant's prior record will bear on how the determination is made.

text:
# United States v. Rodriquez

***United States v. Rodriquez***, 553 U.S. 377 (2008), was a United States Supreme Court case interpreting the Armed Career Criminal Act. Justice Samuel Alito, writing for the 6–3 majority, ruled that although the elements of a crime may not be considered "serious," sentence enhancements related to a defendant's prior record will bear on how the determination is made.

## Overview

The respondent, Gino Rodriquez, was released from prison in 2004. Soon thereafter, he violated the terms of his parole and was later apprehended in possession of heroin and a pistol. Prosecutors argued that Rodriquez was subject to the Armed Career Criminal Act (ACCA), which applies to those convicted of being a felon in possession of a firearm if they have a total of three previous convictions for violent felonies or serious drug offenses. Rodriquez had two California burglary convictions. Prosecutors argued that the third required conviction was supplied by Rodriquez’s Washington state drug offenses. Although none of the three drug convictions, on their own, was considered "serious," the second and third were repeat offenses and were punishable by ten-year sentences, which qualify as serious under ACCA.

## Procedural history

Rodriquez was convicted in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Washington for possession of a firearm by a convicted felon, in violation of the ACCA. The District Court held that respondent's drug-trafficking convictions were not convictions for "serious drug offense\[s\]" under ACCA because the "maximum term of imprisonment" is determined without reference to recidivist enhancements. On appeal, the Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit affirmed, holding that "the maximum term of imprisonment ... prescribed by law" must be determined without taking recidivist enhancements into account. The Supreme Court granted *certiorari*.

## Decision

### Issue

Does a crime qualify as "serious" for purposes of the Armed Career Criminal Act when the underlying offense is not considered grave, but carries a high prison sentence because it was not the first crime the defendant committed?

### Opinion of the Court

Justice Alito, writing for the Court, reversed, holding that the most straightforward reading of ACCA is that the sentence, as enhanced by relevant law, is the "sentence" referred to in the statute. As such, Rodriquez's drug offense counts as a "serious" crime, and as the third such crime he committed. "In sum, a straightforward application of the language of ACCA leads to the conclusion that the 'maximum term of imprisonment prescribed by law' in this case was 10 years."

## Dissent

Justice Souter wrote a dissent, in which Justices Ginsburg and Stevens joined. Souter wrote that the text of ACCA was ambiguous, and in such cases the traditional rule of construction was to apply lenity in criminal statutes.

## See all

## InfoBox

| United States v. Rodriquez | |
| --- | --- |
| Supreme Court of the United States | |
| Argued January 15, 2008
Decided May 19, 2008 | |
| Full case name | *United States v. Gino Gonzaga Rodriquez* |
| Docket no. | 06-1646 |
| Citations | 553 U.S. 377 (*more*)128 S. Ct. 1783; 170 L. Ed. 2d 719 |
| Case history | |
| Prior | 464 F.3d 1072 (9th Cir. 2006); cert. granted, 551 U.S. 1191 (2007). |
| Subsequent | 471 F. App'x 727 (9th Cir. 2012); cert. denied, 568 U.S. 934 (2012). |
| Holding | |
| A Washington state drug-trafficking conviction, for which the maximum term was 10 years under the state recidivist provision, qualifies as “a serious drug offense” under the Armed Career Criminal Act. Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals reversed and remanded. | |
| Court membership | |
| Chief Justice John Roberts  Associate Justices John P. Stevens **·**  Antonin Scalia
Anthony Kennedy **·**  David Souter
Clarence Thomas **·**  Ruth Bader Ginsburg
Stephen Breyer **·**  Samuel Alito | |
| Case opinions | |
| Majority | Alito, joined by Roberts, Scalia, Kennedy, Thomas, Breyer |
| Dissent | Souter, joined by Stevens, Ginsburg |
| Laws applied | |
| 18 U.S.C. § 924(e) | |


title: Vila Vila Municipality

abstract: Vila Vila or Wila Wila (Aymara) is the second municipal section of the Mizque Province in the Cochabamba Department, Bolivia. Its seat is Vila Vila.

text:
# Vila Vila Municipality

**Vila Vila** (in Hispanicized spelling) or **Wila Wila** (Aymara) is the second municipal section of the Mizque Province in the Cochabamba Department, Bolivia. Its seat is Vila Vila.

## Subdivision

Vila Vila Municipality is divided into two cantons.

| **Canton** | **Inhabitants (2001)** | **Seat** |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Vila Vila Canton | 4,268 | Vila Vila |
| Siquimira Canton | 323 | Siquimira |
|

1. (in Spanish) Instituto Nacional de Estadística Archived November 13, 2009, at the Wayback Machine

17°58′00″S 65°31′00″W / 17.9667°S 65.5167°W / -17.9667; -65.5167

## InfoBox

| Vila Vila Wila Wila | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Train station in Sivingani, Vila Vila Canton | |
| Vila VilaLocation within Bolivia | |
| Coordinates: 17°58′S 65°31′W / 17.967°S 65.517°W / -17.967; -65.517 | |
| Country | Bolivia |
| Department | Cochabamba Department |
| Province | Mizque Province |
| Seat | Vila Vila |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Juan Siles Pozo |
| President | Teófilo Blanco Meneces |
| Population (2001) | |
| Total | 4,591 |
| Ethnicities | Quechua |
| Time zone | UTC-4 (BOT) |


title: Ultimate Run-D.M.C.

abstract: Ultimate Run–D.M.C. is a 2003 compilation album by Run–D.M.C. It contains 18 tracks as well as a bonus DVD with 14 music videos.

text:
# Ultimate Run-D.M.C.

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *HipHopDX* |  |

***Ultimate Run–D.M.C.*** is a 2003 compilation album by Run–D.M.C. It contains 18 tracks as well as a bonus DVD with 14 music videos.

## Track listing

1. "Rock Box" – 5:32
2. "Run's House" – 3:45
3. "Walk This Way" (feat. Aerosmith) - 5:11
4. "Together Forever (Krush Groove 4)" (live at Hollis Park 1984) – 3:34
5. "King of Rock" – 5:14
6. "Jam-Master Jay" – 3:12
7. "Hit It Run" – 3:11
8. "It's Tricky" – 3:04
9. "Peter Piper" – 3:23
10. "It's Like That" – 4:51
11. "Raising Hell" – 5:33
12. "My Adidas" – 2:49
13. "Sucker M.C.'s (Krush Groove 1)" – 3:11
14. "Mary, Mary" – 3:14
15. "Here We Go" (Live at the Fun House) – 4:06
16. "Beats to the Rhyme" – 2:42
17. "Down with the King" – 5:04
18. "It's Like That" (Run-DMC vs. Jason Nevins) – 4:08

\+ bonus DVD including 14 videos

## InfoBox

| Ultimate Run–D.M.C. | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Compilation album by Run–D.M.C. | |
| Released | October 28, 2003 |
| Recorded | 1983–1997 |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 71:44 |
| Label | Arista |
| Producer |  |
| Run–D.M.C. chronology | |
| *The Best of Run–DMC*
(2003) ***Ultimate Run–D.M.C.***
(2003) *The Essential Run–D.M.C.*
(2012) | |


abstract: John Logan is an American playwright, screenwriter, film producer, and television producer. He is a three-time Academy Award nominee; twice for Best Original Screenplay for Gladiator (2000) and The Aviator (2004) and once for Best Adapted Screenplay for Hugo (2011). He is also a two time Tony Award nominee for Best Play for Red in 2010 and Best Book of a Musical for Moulin Rouge! in 2021. He also was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing for a Limited Series or Movie for RKO 281 in 2000. He also has received nominations and wins from the British Academy Film Awards, Golden Globe Awards, Critics Choice Awards, and Writers Guild of America Awards.

text:
# List of awards and nominations received by John Logan

John Logan is an American playwright, screenwriter, film producer, and television producer.

He is a three-time Academy Award nominee; twice for Best Original Screenplay for *Gladiator* (2000) and *The Aviator* (2004) and once for Best Adapted Screenplay for *Hugo* (2011). He is also a two time Tony Award nominee for Best Play for *Red* in 2010 and Best Book of a Musical for *Moulin Rouge!* in 2021. He also was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing for a Limited Series or Movie for *RKO 281* in 2000.

He also has received nominations and wins from the British Academy Film Awards, Golden Globe Awards, Critics Choice Awards, and Writers Guild of America Awards.

## Major associations

### Academy Awards

| Year | Category | Nominated work | Result | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2000 | Best Original Screenplay | *Gladiator* | Nominated |  |
| 2004 | | *The Aviator* | Nominated |  |
| 2011 | Best Adapted Screenplay | *Hugo* | Nominated |  |
|

### Primetime Emmy Awards

| Year | Category | Nominated work | Result | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2000 | Outstanding Writing for a Limited Series or Movie | *RKO 281* | Nominated |  |
|

### Tony Awards

| Year | Category | Nominated work | Result | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2010 | Best Play | *Red* | Won |  |
| 2020 | Best Book of a Musical | *Moulin Rouge!* | Nominated |  |
|

## Industry awards

### British Academy Film Awards

| Year | Category | Nominated work | Result | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2000 | Best Original Screenplay | *Gladiator* | Nominated |  |
| 2004 | | *The Aviator* | Nominated |  |
| 2012 | Outstanding British Film | *Skyfall* | Won |  |
|

### Golden Globe Awards

| Year | Category | Nominated work | Result | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2004 | Best Screenplay | *The Aviator* | Nominated |  |
|

### Writers Guild of America Awards

| Year | Category | Nominated work | Result | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2001 | Adapted Long Form | *RKO 281* | Won |  |
| 2004 | Best Original Screenplay | *The Aviator* | Nominated |  |
| 2011 | Best Adapted Screenplay | *Hugo* | Nominated |  |
|

## Miscellaneous awards

| Year | Award | Project | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2000 | Las Vegas Film Critics Society Awards for Best Original Screenplay | *Gladiator* | Nominated |
| 2004 | Broadcast Film Critics Association for Best Writer | *The Aviator* | Nominated |
| | Satellite Award for Best Original Screenplay | | Nominated |
| 2011 | Alliance of Women Film Journalists for Best Adapted Screenplay | *Hugo* | Nominated |
| | Broadcast Film Critics Association for Best Adapted Screenplay | | Nominated |
| | Chicago Film Critics Association for Best Adapted Screenplay | | Nominated |
| | Phoenix Film Critics Society for Best Adapted Screenplay | | Nominated |
| | San Diego Film Critics Society Award for Best Adapted Screenplay | | Nominated |
| | WAFCA for Best Adapted Screenplay | | Nominated |
|

## InfoBox

**List of John Logan awards**
|  | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Award | Wins | Nominations |
| Academy Award | 0 | 3 |
| Emmy Award | 0 | 1 |
| Tony Award | 1 | 2 |


title: Market share liability

abstract: Market share liability is a legal doctrine that allows a plaintiff to establish a prima facie case against a group of product manufacturers for an injury caused by a product, even when the plaintiff does not know from which defendant the product originated. The doctrine is unique to the law of the United States and apportions liability among the manufacturers according to their share of the market for the product giving rise to the plaintiff's injury.

text:
# Market share liability

**Market share liability** is a legal doctrine that allows a plaintiff to establish a prima facie case against a group of product manufacturers for an injury caused by a product, even when the plaintiff does not know from which defendant the product originated. The doctrine is unique to the law of the United States and apportions liability among the manufacturers according to their share of the market for the product giving rise to the plaintiff's injury.

## Origins

Market share liability was introduced in the California case *Sindell v. Abbott Laboratories*. In *Sindell*, the plaintiffs were injured by DES, a drug prescribed to prevent miscarriage. The mothers of the plaintiffs had taken DES while pregnant, and expert testimony showed this to be a proximate cause of reproductive tract cancers in the plaintiffs years later. The plaintiffs, however, could not ascertain which drug company distributed the DES taken by their mothers. The court responded by allowing the plaintiffs to apportion liability among the defendant drug companies according to their respective shares in the DES market.

## Requirements

*Sindell* laid out the requirements for applying the doctrine of market share liability:

First, the defendants in court must constitute substantially all of the market. This is a distinguishing factor from alternative liability that requires that all of the defendants be in court (See *Summers v. Tice*). Having "substantially all" of the market makes it more likely that the actual wrongdoer will be in court. A main reason for not requiring all of the relevant market is that as time passes, some manufacturers drop out of the market, and it would raise the bar for the plaintiff too high. Also if all defendants were present, then market share liability would be unnecessary, because the plaintiff would be able to apply the doctrine of alternative liability to put the burden of proving causation onto the defendants.

Second, the products must be fungible (i.e. interchangeable—they must be of the same composition). For example, in *Skipworth v. Lead Industries Association*, 690 A.2d 169 (Pa. 1997), the Pennsylvania Supreme Court held that the lead paint the defendants sold to not be fungible because the paints had lead pigments containing different chemical formulations, different amounts of lead, and differed in potential toxicity.

Third, the defendants (potential tortfeasors) must all have been in the market within the specific timeframe surrounding the incident.

Fourth, the inability to point to a specific tortfeasor must not be the plaintiff's fault. This is particularly relevant in the pharmaceuticals context, as most plaintiffs are prescribed generic drugs and thus have no knowledge of who manufactured the product.

## Exculpatory evidence

Jurisdictions and courts differ on the possibilities open to defendants to absolve themselves of market share liability. In *Sindell* (California), the court allowed defendants to bring forth exculpatory evidence and thus free themselves of liability. However, in *Hymowitz v. Eli Lilly & Co.* (New York, 1989), which also concerned prescription of DES, the Appeal Court refused to allow exculpatory evidence because it felt that doing so would undermine the theory underpinning market share liability: because liability is based on relevant market share, providing exculpatory evidence will not reduce a defendant's overall share of the market.

## Subsequent cases

*Sindell* required plaintiffs to join defendant drug companies in a single action. A Wisconsin court took a different approach on this issue in *Collins v. Eli Lilly Co.* In *Collins*, the court found that the plaintiff could bring a cause of action against a single defendant, and the burden of proof would be shifted to the defendant to show that they did not produce the DES taken by the plaintiff's mother.

Efforts to expand the market share approach beyond DES cases have been mostly rejected because the strict requirements of applying market share liability. Courts have declined to expand the market-share approach to asbestos (*Becker v. Baron Bros.*), handguns (*Hamilton v. Beretta*), and lead paint (*Santiago v. Sherwin Williams Co.*). The market-share approach has been expanded to cases involving MTBE in the New York case *In re Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether*.


title: Mantovani

abstract: Annunzio Paolo Mantovani was an Italian British conductor, composer and light orchestra-styled entertainer with a cascading strings musical signature. The book British Hit Singles & Albums stated that he was "Britain's most successful album act before the Beatles... the first act to sell over one million stereo albums and [have] six albums simultaneously in the US Top 30 in 1959".

text:
# Mantovani

**Annunzio Paolo Mantovani** (Italian: \[anˈnuntsjo ˈpaːolo mantoˈvaːni\]; 15 November 1905 – 30 March 1980) was an Italian British conductor, composer and light orchestra-styled entertainer with a cascading strings musical signature.

The book *British Hit Singles & Albums* stated that he was "Britain's most successful album act before the Beatles ... the first act to sell over one million stereo albums and \[have\] six albums simultaneously in the US Top 30 in 1959".

## Biography

Mantovani was born in Venice, Italy, into a musical family. His father, Benedetto Paolo "Bismarck" Mantovani, was a violinist and served as the concertmaster of La Scala opera house's orchestra in Milan, under the baton of Arturo Toscanini. The family moved to England in 1912, where young Annunzio studied at Trinity College of Music in London. After graduation, he formed his own orchestra, which played in and around Birmingham. He married Winifred Moss in 1934, having two children: Kenneth (born 12 July 1935) and Paula Irene (born 11 April 1939). By the time World War II broke out, his orchestra was one of the most popular British dance bands, both on BBC radio broadcasts and in live performances.

He was also musical director for a large number of musicals and other plays, including Noël Coward's *Pacific 1860* (1946) and Vivian Ellis's musical setting of J. B. Fagan's *And So to Bed* (1951). After the war, he concentrated on recording, and eventually gave up live performance altogether. He worked with arranger and composer Ronald "Ronnie" Binge, who developed the "cascading strings" effect (also known as the "Mantovani sound"). His records were regularly used for demonstration purposes in stores selling hi-fi stereo equipment, as they were produced and arranged for stereo reproduction. He became the first person to sell a million stereophonic records. In 1952, Binge ceased to arrange for Mantovani but the distinctive sound of the orchestra remained.

Mantovani recorded for Decca and London Records the US arm of the Decca Record Company, exclusively. He recorded in excess of 50 albums on that label, many of which were Top 40 hits. His single tracks included "The Song from Moulin Rouge", which reached number one in the UK Singles Chart in 1953, the first instrumental track ever to do so; "Cara Mia" (with him and his orchestra backing David Whitfield) in 1954; "Around the World" in 1957; and "Main Theme from Exodus (Ari's Theme)" in 1960. In the United States, between 1955 and 1972, he released more than 40 albums with 27 reaching the "Top 40", and 11 in the "Top Ten". His biggest success came with the album *Film Encores*, which attained number one in 1957.

Similarly, *Mantovani Plays Music From 'Exodus' and Other Great Themes* made it to the Top Ten in 1961, with over one million albums sold.

Mantovani starred in his own syndicated television series, *Mantovani*, which was produced in England and which aired in the United States in 1959. Thirty-nine episodes were filmed. Mantovani made his last recordings in the mid-1970s.

He died at a care home in Royal Tunbridge Wells, Kent.

## Music style and influences

| External audio | |
| --- | --- |
| You may hear Annunzio Mantovani conducting his Mantovani Orchestra in *Elizabethan Serenade* by Ronald Binge in 1971 **Here on archive.org** | |

The cascading strings technique developed by Binge became Mantovani's hallmark in such hits arranged by Binge as "Charmaine". Binge developed this technique to replicate the echo experienced in venues such as cathedrals and he achieved this goal through arranging skill alone.

Author Joseph Lanza describes Mantovani's string arrangements as the most "rich and mellifluous" of the emerging light music style during the early 1950s. He stated that Mantovani was a leader in the use of new studio technologies to "create sound tapestries with innumerable strings", and that "the sustained hum of Mantovani's reverberated violins produced a sonic vaporizer foreshadowing the synthesizer harmonics of space music." His style survived through an ever-changing variety of musical styles prompting *Variety* to call him "the biggest musical phenomenon of the twentieth century".

From 1961 to 1971, David McCallum Sr was leader of Mantovani's orchestra. At this time, his son David McCallum Jr was at the height of his fame, prompting Mantovani to introduce his leader to audiences with the quip, "We can afford the father but not the son!"

Mantovani is referred to by name in The Kinks song "Prince of the Punks" and Don Black and Andrew Lloyd Webber’s “Letter Home to England” in Tell Me on a Sunday. He also had a big influence on Brian May, Queen guitarist.

During his lifetime, Mantovani did not always get respect from his fellow musicians. When George Martin first suggested overdubbing Paul McCartney's recording of "Yesterday" with strings, McCartney's initial reaction, according to Martin, was that he did not want it sounding like Mantovani. Martin therefore used a more classical sound, employing a string quartet.

## Posthumous publishing

Much of his catalogue has reappeared on CD. There are also many compilations. A large number of CDs are available containing unauthorised recordings, billed as Mantovani or Mantovani Orchestra; for example the CD titled "The Mantovani Orchestra" released in 1997 contained a track from the 1980s Andrew Lloyd Webber musical "Cats", which would have required posthumous conducting on the part of Mantovani. There have also been CDs released under the Mantovani name of recordings made by others while Mantovani was still alive.

Following Mantovani's death in 1980, the Mantovani Estate continues to authorise numerous concerts worldwide and recordings using original and newly commissioned arrangements.

## Discography

### Albums

| External audio | |
| --- | --- |
| You may hear Annunzio Montovani's recording *Strauss Waltzes* with the Montovani Orchestra in 1958 **Here on archive.org** | |

* *A Mantovani Program*, London LPB-127, 1949
* *Musical Moments*, London LPB-218, 1950
* *Waltzing with Mantovani*, London LPB-381, 1951
* *Strauss Waltzes*, London LL 685, 1953, later re-recorded in stereo as London 118, 1958
* *The Music of Victor Herbert*, London LL 746, 1953
* *An Album of Favorite Melodies*, reissued as *An Enchanted Evening with Mantovani*, London LL 766, 1953
* *An Album of Romantic Melodies*, London LL 979, 1954
* *Plays The Music of Sigmund Romberg*, London LL 1031, 1954
* *Song Hits from Theatreland*, London LL 1219, 1955, later re-recorded in stereo as London 125, 1959
* *Plays The Music of Rudolf Friml*, London LL 1150, 1955
* *Plays The Immortal Classics*, London LL 877, 1956
* *Music from the Films*, London 112
* *Waltz Encores*, London 119
* *Film Encores*, London 124, 1957
* *Gems Forever*, London 106, 1958
* *Continental Encores*, London 147, 1959.
* *Film Encores, Vol. 2*, London 164, 1959
* *The Music of Victor Herbert and Sigmund Romberg*, London 165, 1960
* *The Music of Irving Berlin and Rudolf Friml*, London 166, 1956
* *The Breeze*, London, Abbey road, 1961
* *American Scene*, London 182
* *Songs to Remember*, London 193, 1960
* *Great Theme Music (Music from "Exodus")*, London 224, 1961
* *Theme from "Carnival"*, London 3250, 1961
* *Themes from Broadway*, London 242
* *American Waltzes*, London 248
* *Moon River*, London 249, 1962
* *Selections from "Stop the World – I Want to Get Off" and "Oliver"*, London 270
* *Latin Rendezvous*, London 295
* *Manhattan*, London 328, 1963
* *Folk Songs Around the World*, London 360
* *The Incomparable Mantovani*, London 392
* *The Mantovani Sound*, London 419, 1965
* *Mantovani Olé*, London 422
* *Mantovani Magic*, London 448, 1966
* *Mantovani's Golden Hits*, London 483, 1967
* *Mr. Music*, London 474, 1966
* *Mantovani/Hollywood*, London 516
* *The Mantovani Touch*, London 526, 1968
* *Mantovani/Tango*, London 532
* *Mantovani ... Memories*, London 542
* *The Mantovani Scene*, London 548, 1969

| External audio | |
| --- | --- |
| You may hear Annunzio Montovani's recording *The World of Mantovani* Vol. 2 with the Montovani Orchestra in 1971 **Here on archive.org** | |

* *The World of Mantovani*, London 565, 1969
* *Mantovani Today*, London 572, 1970
* *From Monty with Love*, London 585–586, 1971
* *To Lovers Everywhere*, London PS 598, 1971
* *Annunzio Paolo Mantovani*, London XPS 610, 1972
* *An Evening with Mantovani*, London 902, 1973
* *The Greatest Gift Is Love*, London 913, 1975
* *Mantovani Magic*, K-tel, NA603
* *Mantovani's Hit Parade* , London 1966

### Light classical music

* *Strauss Waltzes*, London LL 685, 1953
* *Strauss Waltzes*, London 118 1958
* *Concert Encores*, London 133
* *Operetta Memories*, London 202
* *Italia Mia*, London 232, 1961
* *Classical Encores*, London 269
* *The World's Great Love Songs*, London 280
* *Mantovani in Concert*, London 578

### Christmas music

* *Christmas Carols* (mono), London LL 913, 1953
* *Christmas Carols* (stereo), London PS 142, 1958
* *Christmas Greetings from Mantovani and His Orchestra*, London LL 3338 (mono) / PS 338 (stereo), 1963

### Singles

| Year | Single (A-side, B-side)
Both sides from same album except where indicated | Country
(UK and/or US) | Chart positions | | | Album |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | ||
| US
 | US
AC
 | UK
 |
| 1951 | "Bees in the Bonnet"
b/w "Carriage and Pair" | UK |  |  |  | Non-album tracks |
| | "Wyoming (Go to Sleep My Baby)"
b/w "Under the Roofs of Paris" | US |  |  |  | *Waltz Time* |
| | "For You"
b/w "Kisses in the Dark" | UK & US |  |  | |  |
| | | "Diane"
b/w "Babette" |  |  | |  |
| | | "Charmaine"
b/w "Just for a While" | 10 |  | |  |
| | | "At Dawning"
b/w "I Love You Truly" |  |  |  | *A Collection Of Favorite Waltzes* |
| 1952 | "Lovely Lady"
b/w "Mexicali Rose" | UK |  | |  |  |
| | "Dancing With Tears in My Eyes"
b/w "Dear Love, My Love" | UK & US | 26 | |  |  |
| | | "Love, Here Is My Heart"
b/w "Moonlight Madonna" |  | |  |  |
| | "It Happened in Monterey"
b/w "Was It a Dream" | US |  | |  |  |
| | "Faith"
b/w "Symphony" | UK & US |  |  |  | *An Enchanted Evening With Mantovani
& His Orchestra* |
| | "The Agnes Waltz"
b/w "Die Schonbrunner" | UK |  |  | |  |
| | "Some Enchanted Evening"
b/w "Gypsy Love Waltz" (from *The Music Of Victor Herbert*) | US & UK |  |  | |  |
| | "La Cumparsita"
b/w "Tango De La Luna" | UK |  |  |  | *Mantovani Plays Tangos* |
| | "Tales from the Vienna Woods"
b/w "Morning Papers" | US |  |  |  | *Strauss Waltzes* |
| | "Blue Danube"
b/w "Roses From the South" | UK |  |  | |  |
| | "White Christmas"
b/w "Adeste Fideles" | UK & US |  |  | 6 | *Christmas Carols* |
| 1953 | "Gypsy Legend"
b/w "Czardas" (from *An Enchanted Evening with Mantovani*) | UK |  |  |  | Non-album track |
| | "Vienna Blood"
b/w "You and You" (from *Strauss Waltzes*) | US |  |  |  | |
| | "Voices of Spring"
b/w "Artist's Life" (Non-album track) | US |  |  |  | *Strauss Waltzes* |
| | "Ah, Sweet Mystery of Life"
b/w "A Kiss In The Dark" | UK & US |  |  |  | *The Music of Victor Herbert* |
| | "Love's Dream After the Ball"
b/w "Red Petticoats" (from *Mantovani Plays Tangos*) | US |  |  |  | *An Enchanted Evening With Mantovani
& His Orchestra* |
| | | "Sweethearts"
b/w "I'm Falling in Love With Someone" |  |  |  | *The Music Of Victor Herbert* |
| | | "Theme From 'The Last Rhapsody'"
b/w "Nalia Waltz (Pas Des Fleurs)"
Both tracks with Stanley Black |  |  |  | Non-album tracks |
| | "Moulin Rouge Theme"
b/w "Vola Colomba" | UK & US | 8 |  | 1 | *Romantic Melodies* |
| | | "Royal Blue Waltz"
b/w "Queen Elizabeth Waltz" (from *Waltz Time*) |  |  | |  |
| | | "Ramona"
b/w "Chiquita Mia" (from *Mantovani Plays Tangos*) |  |  | |  |
| | "Prelude in C Sharp Minor"
b/w "Simple Aveu" | US |  |  |  | *Mantovani Plays the Immortal Classics* |
| 1954 | "Cara Mia"
UK B: "Love, Tears and Kisses" (Non-album track)
US B: "How, When Or Where"
All sides with David Whitfield | UK & US |  |  | 1 | *Cara Mia* |
| | "Swedish Rhapsody"
b/w "Jamaican Rhumba" | UK & US |  |  | 2 | *Romantic Melodies* |
| | "Luxembourg Polka"
b/w "Music Box Tango" | UK |  |  | |  |
| | | "Shadow Waltz"
b/w "Moonlight Serenade" |  |  | |  |
| | "Bewitched"
b/w "Dream Dream Dream" (from *Musical Modes*) | UK & US |  |  |  | *Song Hits From Theatreland* |
| | | "Lonely Ballerina"
UK B:"Lazy Gondolier"
US B: "You Stepped Out Of A Dream" (from *Candlelight*) |  |  | 16 | *Musical Modes* |
| 1955 | "We'll Gather Lilacs"
b/w "Come Back To Me" (Non-album track) | UK |  |  |  | *Romantic Melodies* |
| | "Softly, Softly"
b/w "Longing" (from *Candlelight*) | |  |  |  | Non-album track |
| | "Lazy Gondolier"
b/w "Longing" (from *Candlelight*) | US |  |  |  | *Musical Modes* |
| | "Our Dream Waltz"
UK B: "Ma Chere Amie" (from *Musical Modes*
US B: "Begin The Beguine" (from *Musical Modes*) | UK & US |  |  |  | *Waltz Time* |
| | | "Beyond the Stars"
b/w "Open Your Heart"
Both sides with David Whitfield |  |  | 8 | *Cara Mia* |
| | "Stranger in Paradise"
b/w "The Deserted Ballroom" (from *Musical Modes*) | UK |  |  |  | *Song Hits From Theatreland* |
| | | "Intermezzo"
b/w "Edelma" |  |  |  | *Musical Modes* |
| | "When You Lose the One You Love"
b/w "Angelus"
Both sides with David Whitfield | UK & US |  |  | 7 | *Cara Mia* |
| 1956 | | "Spring in Montmarte"
UK B: "Heart of Paris"
US B: "Candlelight" |  |  |  | *Candlelight* |
| | "Candlelight"
b/w "Begin the Beguine" (from *Musical Modes*) | UK |  |  | |  |
| | "Song of Sorrento"
UK B: "Blue Fantasy"
US B: "Valse Campestre" (Non-album track) | UK & US |  |  | |  |
| | "Toy Shop Ballet"
b/w "Temple of Dreams" | UK |  |  |  | Non-album tracks |
| 1957 | "Around the World"
UK B: "The Heart of Budapest" (from *Gypsy Soul*)
US B: "The Road To Ballingarry" (Non-album track) | UK & US | 12 |  | 20 | *Film Encores, Vol. 2* |
| | "Mandolin Serenade"
b/w "The Spring Song" | UK |  |  |  | Non-album tracks |
| | "Let Me Be Loved"
UK B: "The Road to Ballingarry"
US B: "Call Of The West" | UK & US |  |  | |  |
| | "Souvenir D'italie"
b/w "Dream Dust" | UK |  |  | |  |
| 1958 | "Story of Three Loves"
b/w "To My Love" (Non-album track) | US |  |  |  | *Music From The Films* |
| | "Cry My Heart" (with David Whitfield)
b/w "Dream Dust" | |  |  |  | Non-album tracks |
| | "Love Song from 'Houseboat""
UK B: "A Certain Smile" (from *Film Encores, Vol. 2*)
US B: "Almost In Your Arms" (with Vera Lynn) | UK & US |  | |  |  |
| | "To My Love"
b/w "The Canary" | UK |  | |  |  |
| | "Tulips from Amsterdam"
b/w "Only Yesterday" (Non-album track) | US |  |  |  | *Strictly Mantovani* |
| | | "Come Prima"
b/w "The Canary" (Non-album track) |  |  |  | *Continental Encores* |
| | "I Could Have Danced All Night"
b/w "This Nearly Was Mine" | UK |  |  |  | *Gems Forever* |
| 1959 | "Under Paris Skies"
UK B: "Only Yesterday" (Non-album track)
US B: "Separate Tables" (from *Film Encores, Vol. 2*) | UK & US |  |  |  | *Continental Encores* |
| | "Fascination"
b/w "Separate Tables" | UK |  |  |  | *Film Encores, Vol. 2* |
| | "Summertime"
b/w "This Nearly Was Mine" | US |  |  |  | *Gems Forever* |
| | | "Camptown Races"
b/w "Ring De Banjo" |  |  |  | *The American Scene* |
| 1960 | "The Orange Vendor"
b/w "In The Spring" (Non-album track) | UK |  |  |  | *Mantovani Tango* |
| | "Song Without End"
UK B: "Tania" (Non-album track)
US B: "In The Spring" (Non-album track) | UK & US |  |  |  | *Great Theme Music* |
| | "The Green Leaves of Summer"
b/w "The Party's Over" (from *Strictly Mantovani*) | UK |  |  | |  |
| | "Theme from 'The Sundowners'"
b/w "Mine Alone" (Non-album track) | US | 93 |  | |  |
| | | "Irma La Douce"
b/w "The Count of Luxembourg Waltz" (from *Operetta Memories*) |  |  | |  |
| | "Main Theme from 'Exodus'"
b/w "Karen" | UK & US | 31 |  | |  |
| 1961 | "Theme from 'The Valiant Years'"
UK B: '"The Sound of Music" (from *Great Theme Music*)
US B: "Non Dimenticar" | UK & US |  |  |  | Non-album tracks |
| | "Theme from 'Rocco and His Brothers'"
b/w "Greengage Summer" (Non-album track) | US |  |  |  | *Moon River and Other Great Film Themes* |
| | "Moon River"
b/w "Sail Away" (Non-album track) | US |  |  | |  |
| 1962 | "Fanny"
b/w "Nadya's Theme from 'Rocco and His Brothers'" | UK |  |  | |  |
| | "Theme from 'Barabbas'"
b/w "Far Away" (Non-album track) | |  |  | |  |
| | "Theme from 'Advise and Consent""
b/w "Let Me Call You Sweetheart" (from *American Waltzes*) | US |  |  | |  |
| | | "What Kind of Fool Am I?"
b/w "Someone Nice Like You" |  |  |  | *Stop the World I Want to Get Off / Oliver* |
| | "Summer Night"
b/w "Rickshaw" | UK |  |  |  | Non-album tracks |
| | | "Love Song From 'Mutiny on the Bounty'"
b/w "Theme from 'Mutiny on the Bounty'" |  |  | |  |
| 1963 | | "A Girl Named Tamiko"
b/w "Taras Bulba" |  |  | |  |
| | "Take the 'A' Train"
b/w "The Bowery" | US |  |  |  | *Manhattan* |
| 1964 | "Charade"
b/w "The Fall of Love" (Non-album track) | UK |  |  |  | *The Mantovani Sound-Big Hits From
Broadway and Hollywood* |
| | "I Left My Heart in San Francisco"
b/w "Return to Peyton Place" (from *Moon River and Other Great Film Themes*) | UK |  |  |  | *The Incomparable Mantovani* |
| 1966 | "Yesterday"
b/w "Paris Lullaby" (Non-album track) | US |  |  |  | *Mr. Music* |
| | "Games That Lovers Play"
UK B: "Somewhere My Love" (Non-album track)
US B: "Ebb Tide" (from *Mr. Music*) | UK & US | 122 |  |  | *Mantovani's Golden Hits* |
| 1967 | "You Only Live Twice"
b/w "Puppet on a String" (from *The Mantovani Touch*) | UK |  |  |  | *Hollywood* |
| 1968 | "Theme from 'Villa Rides'"
b/w "Willow Tree" (Non-album track) | UK & US |  | 36 |  | *Gypsy Soul* |
| 1969 | "Chitty Chitty Bang Bang"
b/w "Come September" | US |  |  |  | *The Mantovani Scene* |
| 1971 | "Theme from Love Story"
UK B: "Gwendolyne"
US B: "Loss Of Love" | UK & US |  |  |  | *From Monty, With Love* |
| | "All Of a Sudden"
b/w "Winter World Of Love" | US |  |  |  | *To Lovers Everywhere* |
| 1973 | "Upstairs Downstairs"
b/w "Theme for a Western" (from *Annunzio Paolo Mantovani*) | UK |  |  |  | *An Evening With Mantovani* |
| "—" denotes releases that did not chart or were not released to that territory | | | | | | | | | | | |

## Selected filmography

## InfoBox

| Mantovani | |
| --- | --- |
| Mantovani in 1970 | |
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Annunzio Paolo Mantovani |
| Also known as | Tulio Trapani |
| Born | (1905-11-15)15 November 1905
Venice, Veneto, Italy |
| Died | 30 March 1980(1980-03-30) (aged 74)
Royal Tunbridge Wells, Kent, England |
| Genres | light music |
| Occupation(s) | conductor
composer |
| Years active | 19391980 |


title: Phaennidae

abstract:
Phaennidae is a family of planktonic copepods, found in pelagic or benthopelagic waters. It contains the following genera:
  - Brachycalanus Farran, 1905
  - Cephalophanes Sars, 1907
  - Cornucalanus Wolfenden, 1905
  - Kirnesius Markhaseva & Semenova, 2005
  - Onchocalanus Sars, 1905
  - Phaenna Claus, 1863
  - Phaennocalanus Markhaseva, 2002
  - Talacalanus Wolfenden, 1911
  - Xanthocalanus Giesbrecht, 1892

text:
# Phaennidae

**Phaennidae** is a family of planktonic copepods, found in pelagic or benthopelagic waters. It contains the following genera:

## InfoBox

| Phaennidae | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Copepoda |
| Order: | Calanoida |
| Family: | Phaennidae<br>G. O. Sars, 1902 |
|
| Genera | |
| *See text* | |


title: Yauli District, Jauja

abstract: Yauli District is one of thirty-four districts of the province Jauja in Peru.

text:
# Yauli District, Jauja

**Yauli District** is one of thirty-four districts of the province Jauja in Peru.

11°42′54″S 75°28′39″W / 11.7149°S 75.4775°W / -11.7149; -75.4775

## InfoBox

| Yauli | |
| --- | --- |
| District | |
| Country | Peru |
| Region | Junín |
| Province | Jauja |
| Founded | January 20, 1944 |
| Capital | Yauli |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Neil Gilmar Ildefonso Quispe |
| Area | |
| Total | 93.15 km2 (35.97 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 3,400 m (11,200 ft) |
| Population (2005 census) | |
| Total | 1,718 |
| Density | 18/km2 (48/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (PET) |
| UBIGEO | 120433 |


title: Marco Liao

abstract: Marco Liao is a Taiwanese television host. Liao has hosted TV travel shows, including Discover The Great Silkroad (2013–2016), Out of Africa (2018) and the current series of The Incredible Hidden Gems for which he won Golden Bell Awards for Best Lifestyle Show Host in 2014 and 2018.

text:
# Marco Liao

**Marco Liao** (Chinese: 廖科溢; born 13 February 1977) is a Taiwanese television host. Liao has hosted TV travel shows, including *Discover The Great Silkroad* (2013–2016), *Out of Africa* (2018) and the current series of *The Incredible Hidden Gems* for which he won Golden Bell Awards for Best Lifestyle Show Host in 2014 and 2018.

## Hosting

* *Discover The Great Silkroad* "發現大絲路"(2013–2016)
* *Out of Africa* "我的非洲很有事"(2018)
* *The Incredible Hidden Gems* "秘境不思溢" (????–present)

## Awards

* 2014 Golden Bell Awards: Best Lifestyle Show Host (*Discover The Great Silkroad – Season 2*)
* 2018 Golden Bell Awards: Best Lifestyle Show Host (*The Incredible Hidden Gems – Season 3*)

## InfoBox

| Marco Liao | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1977-02-13) 13 February 1977<br>Taiwan |
| Occupation | Television host |


title: Vijay Sathya

abstract: Vijay Sathya is an Indian actor who is known for playing lead roles in several low-key Tamil films during the late 2000s and early 2010s such as Valluvan Vasuki (2008), Sirithal Rasipen (2009), Nellu (2010) and Maharaja (2011). He also played a supporting role in Arumugam (2009). Except for Sirithal Rasipen, the other five of his films were released to negative reviews. He took a ten year hiatus and returned with Dhil Raja (2024), which started production in 2022.

text:
# Vijay Sathya

**Vijay Sathya** (previously credited as **Sathya**) is an Indian actor who is known for playing lead roles in several low-key Tamil films during the late 2000s and early 2010s such as *Valluvan Vasuki* (2008), *Sirithal Rasipen* (2009), *Nellu* (2010) and *Maharaja* (2011). He also played a supporting role in *Arumugam* (2009). Except for *Sirithal Rasipen*, the other five of his films were released to negative reviews.

He took a ten year hiatus and returned with *Dhil Raja* (2024), which started production in 2022.

## Career

Sathya was looking for opportunities and met several directors. During one such interaction, he met Marumalarchi Bharathi, who gave him the lead role in *Valluvan Vasuki* (2008). Regarding his performance in that film a critic wrote that "Sathya still has a long way to go in acting". Regarding his work in his next film *Sirithal Rasipen*, a critic noted that "Sathya is a bit stiff in some scenes but plays his part of the romantic lover well". He played Bharath's rich friend in *Arumugam* that same year. In 2010, he starred in *Nellu*. A critic wrote that "He is effective in the sequences where he takes on the rich and mighty". Another critic wrote that "Sathya is adequate as Kathir". His next films were *Maharaja*, *Soolnilai* and the unreleased film *Swasame*.

He took a break from films and did an acting course in the United States. He returned to films with A. Venkatesh's *Dhil Raja* (2024) co-starring Sherin Shringar where he plays a fan of Rajinikanth. He developed six packs for his role in the film.

## Filmography

| Year | Film | Role | Notes | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2008 | *Valluvan Vasuki* | Valluvan |  |  |
| 2009 | *Sirithal Rasipen* | Siddhu |  |  |
| | *Arumugam* | Karthik |  |  |
| 2010 | *Nellu* | Kathir |  |  |
| 2011 | *Maharaja* | Aravind |  |  |
| 2012 | *Soolnilai* |  |  |  |
| 2024 | *Dhil Raja* | Rajini Priyan |  |  |

## InfoBox

| Vijay Sathya | |
| --- | --- |
| Other names | Sathya (2008–2012) |
| Occupation | Actor |
| Years active | 2008–2012<br>2022–present |
| Notable work | *Sirithal Rasipen* (2009) |


title: Uncial 058

abstract: Uncial 058, ε 010, is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament, dated palaeographically to the 4th century.

text:
# Uncial 058

**Uncial 058** (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 010 (von Soden), is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament, dated palaeographically to the 4th century.

## Description

The codex contains a part of the Gospel of Matthew (18:18-19.22-23.25-26.28-29), on 1 parchment leaf (19 cm by 13 cm). The text is written in two columns per page, 26 lines per page.

18:18 ΕΠ\[ι της γης ε\] ΣΤΑΙΔ\[εδεμε\] ΝΑΕΝΤ\[ω ουρα\] ΝΩ ΚΑΙ ΟΣΛ \[..\] ΛΥΣΑΤΕΠΙΤΗΣ \[γ\]ΕΣΕΣΤΑΙΛΕΛΥ \[μ\]εναεντωου \[ρ\]ΑΝΩ 18:22 ΚΙΣΑ\[λ\]Λ\[α εως εβδο\] \[α\]ΜΙΝΑΜΗΝΑΕ ΜΗΚ\[ο\]ΝΤΛ\[κις ε\] \[γ\]ΩΥΜΙΝΟΤΙ ΠΤΛ ΔΙΑΤ\[ου\] ΕΑΝΔΥΟΕΞΥΜΩ ΤΟΟΜΟΙΩΟ\[η\]ΗΒ\[α\] 18:19 ΣΥΜΦΩΝΗΣΩ 18:28 \[οφειλε\]ΝΑΥ \[τω εκατον δ\]ΗΝΑΠΙΑ \[και κρ\[ΑΤΗΣΑΣ \[α\]υτονεπνι ΓΕΝΑΕΓΩΝΑ ΠΟΔΟΣΕΠΕ\[ων\] 18:25 \[αποδοθη\]ΝΑΙ                       ΦΕΙΛΕΙΣΠΕΣ\[ων\] 18:26 \[πεσων\]ΟΥΝΟΔΥ         ΟΥΝΟΣΥΝΔΟ\[υ\] \[λος\]ΠΡΟΣΕΚΥΝΕΙ               18:29 ΛΟΣΑΥΤΟΥΠΑ α\]ΥΤΩΛΕΓΩΝΚΕ                   ΡΕΚΑΛΕΙ ΑΥΤ\[ον\] ΜΑΚΡΟΘΥΜΗΣΟ                 ΛΕΓΩΝΜΑΚΡ\[ο\] \[ε\]ΠΕΜΕΚΑΙΠΑΝ                   ΘΥΜΕΣΟΝΕΠΕ

The Greek text of this codex Kurt Aland, with some hesitation, placed in Category III.

The manuscript was examined by Karl Wessely (1900), Joseph Karabacek, and C. R. Gregory (1887). Gregory gave for it siglum 058.

Currently the manuscript is dated by the INTF to the 4th century.

The codex is located at the Austrian National Library (Pap. G. 39782), in Vienna.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

Uncial **058**
| **New Testament manuscript** | |
| --- | --- |
| Text | Gospel of Matthew 18 † |
| Date | 4th century |
| Script | Greek |
| Now at | Austrian National Library |
| Size | 19 cm x 13 cm |
| Type | mixed |
| Category | III |


title: William J. Rea

abstract: William J. Rea was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Central District of California.

text:
# William J. Rea

**William J. Rea** (February 21, 1920 – August 3, 2005) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Central District of California.

## Education and career

Born in Los Angeles, California, Rea received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Loyola Marymount University in Los Angeles, in 1942. He served in the United States Navy during World War II, from 1941 to 1946, achieving the rank of lieutenant commander. In 1949, he received a Bachelor of Laws from the University of Colorado Law School. Rea served in private practice, in Los Angeles from 1950 to 1964, then in Santa Ana, California from 1964 to 1968. In 1968, he became a Judge of the Superior Court of Los Angeles County, California, a position he held until 1984.

## Federal judicial service

Rea was nominated by President Ronald Reagan on May 24, 1984, to a seat on the United States District Court for the Central District of California vacated by Judge Malcolm M. Lucas. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on June 15, 1984, and received his commission the same day. On March 31, 1998, he assumed senior status. Rea served in that capacity until his death, in Santa Monica, California, on August 3, 2005.

## Sources

## InfoBox

| William J. Rea | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Senior Judge of the United States District Court for the Central District of California | |
| **In office**
March 31, 1998  August 3, 2005 | |
| Judge of the United States District Court for the Central District of California | |
| **In office**
June 15, 1984  March 31, 1998 | |
| Appointed by | Ronald Reagan |
| Preceded by | Malcolm Lucas |
| Succeeded by | David O. Carter |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | William J. Rea
(1920-02-21)February 21, 1920
Los Angeles, California |
| Died | August 3, 2005(2005-08-03) (aged 85)
Santa Monica, California |
| Education | Loyola Marymount University (B.A.)
University of Colorado Law School (LL.B.) |
|  | |


title: List of compositions by Fernando Sor

abstract: This is a list of compositions by Fernando Sor.

text:
# List of compositions by Fernando Sor

This is a **list of compositions by Fernando Sor**.

## Works for guitar with opus numbers

### Guitar sonatas

* **Op. 14**, Guitar Sonata No. 1 in D major (in one movement: *Andante — Allegro*) – wr. c. 1798; publ. 1810 in Paris as *“Grand solo pour guitare”*
* **Op. 15b**, Guitar Sonata No. 2 in C major (in one movement: *Allegro moderato*) – wr. c. 1800; publ. 1810 in Paris as *“Sonate”*
* **Op. 22**, Guitar Sonata No. 3 in C major (four movements: *Allegro — Adagio — Menuetto — Rondo*) – publ. June 1807 in Madrid; publ. again 1825 in Paris as *“Grande sonate”*
* **Op. 25**, Guitar Sonata No. 4 in C major (four movements: *Andante largo — Allegro non troppo — Andantino grazioso — Menuetto*) – wr. 1826 in Moscow; publ. 1827 in Paris as *“Deuxième grande sonate”*

### Fantasies

* **Op. 4**, Fantasy No. 1 in A major – publ. 1814
* **Op. 7**, Fantasy No. 2, or *Largo non tanto* in C minor followed by Theme and Variations in C major – publ. 1814, ded. Ignaz Pleyel
* **Op. 10**, Fantasy No. 3 in F major – 1816
* **Op. 12**, Fantasy No. 4 in C major – 1821
* **Op. 16**, Fantasy No. 5, or Introduction, Theme and Variations on *Nel cor più non mi sento* by Paisiello – 1819
* **Op. 21**, Fantasy No. 6, *Les adieux* – 1825
* **Op. 30**, Fantasy No. 7, or *Variations brillantes sur deux airs favoris connus* (uses sonata form) – 1828
* **Op. 40**, *Fantaisie sur un air favori écossais* (*Ye Banks and Braes*) – 1829, ded. Mary Jane Burdett
* **Op. 46**, *Souvenirs d'amitié* (Fantasy) in A major – 1831, ded. Jules Regondi
* **Op. 52**, *Fantaisie villageoise* – 1832, ded. Dioniso Aguado
* **Op. 58**, *Fantaisie facile* in A minor – 1835, ded. Mme. Boischevalier
* **Op. 59**, *Fantaisie élégiaque* in E major – 1835, on the death of Charlotte Beslay

### Variations, excl. fantasies

* **Op. 3**, Varied Theme and Minuet – 1816
* **Op. 9**, Introduction and Variations on a Theme by Mozart – 1821, ded. Carlos Sor
* **Op. 11**, Two Varied Themes and Twelve Minuets – 1821
* **Op. 15a**, *Les folies d'Espagne* and a Minuet – 1810, rev. 1822
* **Op. 15c**, Varied Theme in C major – 1810, rev. 1822
* **Op. 20**, Introduction and Varied Theme – 1824
* **Op. 26**, Introduction and Variations on *Que ne suis-je la fougère!* – 1827
* **Op. 27**, Introduction and Variations on *Gentil houssard* – 1827
* **Op. 28**, Introduction and Variations on *Malbroug (Marlborough) s’en va-t-en guerre* – 1827

### Didactic music

* **Op. 6**, Twelve Studies (First Book) – 1815
* **Op. 23**, *Cinquième divertissement très facile* in D major – 1825
* **Op. 29**, Twelve Studies (Second Book) – 1827
* **Op. 31**, *Leçons progressives* (24 Progressive Lessons) – 1828
* **Op. 35**, *Exercices très faciles* (24 Very Easy Exercises) – 1828
* **Op. 44a**, 24 Progressive Studies – 1831
* **Op. 44b**, Six Easy Waltzes, for two guitars – 1831, ded. Mlle. Lira
* **Op. 45**, *Voyons si c'est ça:* 6 Easy Pieces – 1831
* **Op. 48**, *Est-ce bien ça?:* 6 Easy Pieces – 1832
* **Op. 55**, Three Easy Duets – 1833
* **Op. 60**, 25 Progressive Studies – 1837
* **Op. 61**, Three Easy Duets – 1837

### Guitar duos, excl. didactic music

* **Op. 34**, *L’encouragement* (Fantasy), duet in E major – 1828
* **Op. 38**, *Divertissement*, duet in G major – 1829, ded. Mrs. Dühring
* **Op. 39**, Six Waltzes, for two guitars – 1830, ded. Mlle. Natalie Houzé
* **Op. 41**, The Two Friends, for two guitars – 1830, ded. Dioniso Aguado
* **Op. 49**, *Divertissement militaire*, for two guitars – 1832, ded. Mlle. S. Talbot
* **Op. 53**, The First Step, duet – 1833
* **Op. 54b**, Fantasy, duet – 1833, ded. Mlle. Natalie Houzé
* **Op. 62**, *Divertissement*, duet in E major – 1837, ded. N. Coste
* **Op. 63**, Remembrances of Russia, duet in E minor – 1837, ded. N. Coste

### Divertimentos, waltzes, short pieces and other pieces

* **Op. 1**, *Six divertissements pour la guitare* – 1813
* **Op. 2**, *Six divertissements pour la guitare* – 1813
* **Op. 5**, *Six petites pièces très faciles* – 1814
* **Op. 8**, *Six divertissements* – 1818, ded. Miss Smith
* **Op. 13**, *Six divertissements* – 1819
* **Op. 17**, Six Waltzes – 1823, ded. Mr. Pastou
* **Op. 18**, Six Waltzes – 1823
* **Op. 19**, Six Airs from *The Magic Flute* – 1824
* **Op. 24**, *Huit petites pièces* – 1826
* **Op. 32**, *Six petites pièces* – 1828, ded. Mlle. Wainewright
* **Op. 33**, *Trois pièces de société* (First Set) – 1828, ded. Mlle. Athénaïs Paulian
* **Op. 36**, *Trois pièces de société* (Second Set) - 1828, ded. Mr. Pastou
* **Op. 37**, Serenade in E major – 1829, ded. Mlle. S. Talbot
* **Op. 42**, Six Short Pieces – 1830, ded. Mlle. Natalie Houzé
* **Op. 43**, *Mes ennuis:* Six Bagatelles – 1831
* **Op. 47**, Six Short Pieces – 1832, ded. Mlle. Crabouillet
* **Op. 50**, Capriccio in E major, *Le Calme* – 1832, ded. Mlle. Crabouillet
* **Op. 51**, *A la bonne heure:* Six Waltzes – 1832
* **Op. 54a**, Concert Piece – 1832, ded. Son Altesse Royale la Princesse Adélaïde
* **Op. 56**, *Souvenirs d'une soirée à Berlin* – date unknown
* **Op. 57**, Six Waltzes and a Gallop – 1834, ded. Mlle. Larivée

## Works without opus numbers

### Orchestral music

#### Symphonies

* Symphony No. 1 in C
* Symphony No. 2 in E-flat
* Symphony No. 3 in F

#### Incidental music

* *La Elvira portuguesa* (Madrid, 1804)

#### Ballets

* *La foire de Smyrne* (1821, Paris — the music is lost)
* *Le seigneur généreux* (1821, London — the music is lost)
* *Cendrillon* (1822, London; 1823, Paris)
* *Alphonse et Léonore, ou L'amant peintre* (1823, London in one act; enlarged to three acts for Moscow the next year; revised in 1827 as *Le sicilien, ou L'amour peintre* for Paris)
* *Hercule et Omphale* (1826, St Petersburg)
* *Hassan et le calife, ou Le dormeur éveillé* (1828, London — the music is lost)
* *The Fair Sicilian, or Conquered Coquette*, or *La belle Arsène* (1834, London — the music is lost)
* *Arsène, ou La baguette magique* (1839, Brussels)

#### Concerto (spurious)

* Violin Concerto in G major — falsely attributed; actually written by Chevalier de Saint-Georges and published in 1773 as the latter's Op.2, No.1

### Chamber music

* 3 string quartets
* String trios with guitar
* *La romanesca* for flute (or violin) and guitar
* March for Military Band — the music is lost
* March for the Funeral of Czar Alexander I — the music exists both in manuscript and printed version for piano

Piano 4-hands * 3 Waltzes (First Set) — the music is lost
* 3 Waltzes (Second Set, 1818) ded. Mlle. F. Rehausen
* 3 Waltzes (Third Set, 1819) ded. Ladies Jane & Georgina Paget
* 3 Waltzes (Fourth Set, 1820) ded. Ladies Augusta & Agnes Paget
* 3 Waltzes (Fifth Set, 1820) ded. Mlle. B. Bollman
* 3 Waltzes (Sixth Set, 1821) ded. Miss A. McDougall
* 3 Waltzes (Seventh Set, 1821) ded. Mrs. Ellis Heaton
* 3 Waltzes (Eighth Set, 1822) ded. Miss Adolphus
* 3 Waltzes (Ninth Set, advertised but never published in England, 1826 in Paris)
* 3 Waltzes (Tenth Set, 1823) ded. Miss Waldengraves
* 3 Waltzes arranged after music by Sor, Mozart and Mohor (First Set, 1820)
* 3 Waltzes arranged after music by Mohor, Mozart and Steibelt (Second Set, 1822)
* Sonata in G Minor on Swedish National Airs (1815) ded. Baroness de Rehausen
* Arrangement of the Funeral March for Harp Guitar
* Arrangement of the Military March for Guitar

### Instrumental music

for Guitar * fifty-eight Minuets
* *Air varié* in C major
* *Boléro* for 2 guitars
* Fantasia in D major
* *La candeur: Petite rêverie (Ingenuity: Little Dream)*
* March from the ballet *Cendrillon*
* *Thème varié*
* *Romance d'amour*

for Harpolyre * 3 pieces (pub. 1830)
* 6 Petites pièces progressives (pub. 1830)
* *Marche funèbre*

for Piano * 22 Waltzes (First Set, 1819)
* 6 Waltzes (Second Set, 1820)
* *Les Cuirassiers* (6 pieces, 1821)
* *Les Favorites des Salons* (6 pieces, 1821)
* *Les Choisies* (6 pieces, 1822)
* Mazurka
* Arrangement of the Funeral March for Harp Guitar
* Trois Valses et un Galop (dedicated to Mademoiselle Thomas)

### Vocal music

Sacred scores * *Ave maris stella* in D minor
* *Exultet coelum laudibus* in C major
* *O Crux, ave* in D minor
* *O Salutaris hostia* in E flat major

Secular cantatas * *Cantata a S.E. la Signora Duchessa d'Albufera*
* *Draps i ferro vell*
* *Himno para el cumpleaños de S.M. La Reina Gobernadora de España*

Songs and arias * Seguidillas For voice and guitar or piano – 1800–8
    + 1. *Cesa de atormentarme* (Stop tormenting me)
    + 2. *De amor en las prisiones* (Of love in the prisons)
    + 3. *Acuérdate bien, mío* (Remember well, mine)
    + 4. *Prepárame la tumba* (Prepare mi tomb)
    + 5. *Cómo ha de resolverse?* (How should it be resolved?)
    + 6. *Muchacha ... y la verguenza?* (Young woman ... and the shame?)
    + 7. *Si dices que mis ojos* (If you say that my eyes)
    + 8. *Los Canónigos, madre* (The canons, mother)
    + 9. *El que quisiera amando* (He who wants to while loving)
    + 10. *Si a otro cuando me quieres* (If to another while you love me)
    + 11. *Las Mujeres y cuerdas* (The women and strings)
    + 12. *Mis descuidados ojos* (My careless eyes)
* 13 seguidillas or boleros for voice and guitar or piano
* 33 arias

### Operas

## Didactic works

* *Méthode pour la guitare*
* *École de la mesure* (includes 22 pieces for piano 4-hands)


title: Mart (broadcaster)

abstract: mArt is a local broadcasting station in Amsterdam. Founded by Harvey Heuvel, it was originally focused on the Multi Cultural Dutch audience. It is now more focused on Surinamese community in Amsterdam, but is broadening its horizons to other ethnic minorities. It is a non-profit organisation, run by volunteers and unemployed and funded by donors, sponsors and advertisements. All broadcasts are on the Internet, with only a selection transmits by radiowaves. As a result, it is also listened to in Suriname. For a long time, there were only radio transmissions, but as of early 2009, there are plans to also start TV transmissions, which are now, on the Internet, more easily done on a small budget.

text:
# Mart (broadcaster)

**mArt** (**M**ulticultural **A**msterdam **R**adio and **T**elevision) is a local broadcasting station in Amsterdam. Founded by Harvey Heuvel, it was originally focused on the Multi Cultural Dutch audience. It is now more focused on Surinamese community in Amsterdam, but is broadening its horizons to other ethnic minorities. It is a non-profit organisation, run by volunteers and unemployed and funded by donors, sponsors and advertisements.

All broadcasts are on the Internet, with only a selection transmits by radiowaves. As a result, it is also listened to in Suriname. For a long time, there were only radio transmissions, but as of early 2009, there are plans to also start TV transmissions, which are now, on the Internet, more easily done on a small budget.


title: Mantovani (horse)

abstract: Mantovani was an Irish-bred Thoroughbred racehorse. He showed his best form as a two-year-old in 1996 when he won two of his three races including a 20/1 upset victory in the Phoenix Stakes. After being transferred to Godolphin he was off the racecourse for four years before finishing unplaced in five starts in the United Arab Emirates.

text:
# Mantovani (horse)

**Mantovani** (foaled 1 February 1994) was an Irish-bred Thoroughbred racehorse. He showed his best form as a two-year-old in 1996 when he won two of his three races including a 20/1 upset victory in the Phoenix Stakes. After being transferred to Godolphin he was off the racecourse for four years before finishing unplaced in five starts in the United Arab Emirates.

## Background

Mantovani was a bay horse bred in Ireland by F Salhoub. He entered the ownership of Jackie Bolger in partnership with John Corcoran and was sent into training with Jim Bolger at Coolcullen, County Carlow.

He was probably the best horse sired by Treasure Kay, a sprinter who recorded his biggest win in the 1987 Temple Stakes. Mantovani's dam Dream of Spring was an unraced mare, but was descended from Legendra (foaled 1944) who was the female-line ancestor of Shareef Dancer and Zenyatta.

## Racing career

### 1996: two-year-old season

Mantovani made his racecourse debut on 12 June in a minor race over six furlongs at Leopardstown Racecourse in which he started at odds of 11/4 and finished second of the seven runners, beaten a short head by the Kevin Prendergast-trained favourite Quws. On 6 July the colt started 4/7 favourite for a maiden race over the same course and distance. Ridden as on his debut by Kevin Manning, he recorded his first success as he won by three quarters of a length from the filly Maratana.

Despite suffering from sore shins which disrupted his training, Mantovani was then moved up sharply in class and started a 20/1 outsider for the Group 1 Phoenix Stakes on 11 August. The Coventry Stakes winner Verglas started favourite, while the other seven runners included Ocean Ridge (Prix Robert Papin), Azra (Silver Flash Stakes) and Raphane (Curragh Stakes). Manning was aboard Azra, the Bolger stable's more fancied runner, and so the ride on Mantovani went to Conor Everard. After racing just behind the leaders Mantovani "squeezed" though a gap along the inside rail a furlong out, took the lead and kept on well to win by two lengths from the British challenger Muchea. Jim Bolger commented I knew he would handle the ground. I had planned to run him in the Anglesea Stakes but plans will now have to be changed".

In the autumn of 1996 Mantovani was bought privately by Sheikh Mohammed's Godolphin organisation and was transferred to the stable of Saeed bin Suroor.

### Later career

In the winter of 1996/97 Mantovani was sent to be trained at Godolphin's base in the United Arab Emirates. He appears to have had serious training problems and missed the next four seasons before finally returning to the track as a six-year-old in 2000. He ran twice in that year, finishing unplaced in two handicap races in December at Nad Al Sheba Racecourse and Jebel Ali. On 25 January 2001 Mantovani finished fifth of the ten runners behind March Crusader in a handicap race over 1500 metres at Nad Al Sheba Racecourse. In the following month he finished fourth in a handicap over 1400 metres at Ghantoot Racecourse. On his final start he finished sixth at Nad Al Sheba in April.

Mantovani does not appear to have stood as a breeding stallion and has no recorded offspring.

## Pedigree

Pedigree of Mantovani (IRE), bay stallion, 1994
| Sire
Treasure Kay (GB)
1983 | Mummy's Pet (GB)
1968 | Sing Sing | Tudor Minstrel |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Agin the Law |
| | Money for Nothing | Grey Sovereign |
| | Sweet Nothings |
| | Welsh Blossom (GB)
1975 | Welsh Saint | St Paddy |
| | | Welsh Way |
| | Riding High | Hard Ridden |
| | Bridge of Stars |
| Dam
Dream of Spring (IRE)
1983 | Hello Gorgeous (USA)
1977 | Mr Prospector | Raise A Native |
| | | Gold Digger |
| | Bonny Jet | Jet Jewel |
| | Bonny Bush |
| | Bold Sands (USA)
1977 | Wajima | Bold Ruler |
| | | Iskra |
| | Slapton Sands | First Landing |
| | Legendra (Family: 4-r) |

## InfoBox

| Mantovani | |
| --- | --- |
| Sire | Treasure Kay |
| Grandsire | Mummy's Pet |
| Dam | Dream of Spring |
| Damsire | Hello Gorgeous |
| Sex | Stallion |
| Foaled | 1 February 1994 |
| Country | Ireland |
| Colour | Bay |
| Breeder | F Salhoub |
| Owner | Jackie Bolger & John Corcoran
Godolphin |
| Trainer | Jim Bolger
Saeed bin Suroor |
| Record | 8: 2-1-0 |
| Earnings | £97,045 |
| Major wins | |
| Phoenix Stakes (1996) | |


title: Yannis Pappas

abstract: Yannis Pappas is an American comedian from Park Slope, Brooklyn, New York.

text:
# Yannis Pappas

**Yannis Pappas** (born August 24, 1976) is an American comedian from Park Slope, Brooklyn, New York.

## Early life

Pappas was born in Brooklyn, New York to Greek parents Chris Pappas, an Army officer, and Anna Pappas née Mamalakis, a lawyer originally from Rethymno, Crete. He was raised in the Brooklyn neighborhood of Park Slope with his two older brothers, Peter and Nikos. The former is a lawyer who worked for the Clinton and Obama administrations.

Pappas attended college at the American University in Washington, D.C. where he studied American Studies and History.

## Career

Pappas began his comedy career in 2000. After two years, he stopped performing, in large part, due to the effects of being shot during a robbery attempt. He returned to stand-up at the end of 2004. Pappas began pursuing comedy full-time in 2008.

Pappas has been featured doing stand up on AXS TV, TruTV's *How To Be a Grown Up*, VH1's *Best Week Ever*, Fox Business, and Good Morning America. He was the first comedian to ever do stand-up comedy on *The* *Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon*; it was a test show and did not air.

Alongside his stand-up comedy, Pappas had previously partnered up with lifelong friend and director Jesse Scaturro to create the production company Ditch Films in the mid-2000s. The comedy production team produced live and filmed comedy. With Ditch Film, Pappas created his popular internet characters Maurica and Mr. Panos, which premiered online in 2010 and 2009, respectively.

Beginning in June 2013, Pappas co-hosted the MSG Network show *The Bracket* with Chris Distefano. Later in 2013, he began co-anchoring the live primetime news show *Fusion Live* alongside journalists, Marianna Antonio and Pedro Andrade. Focusing on current events, pop culture and satire, the show was one of the first for the then-new Fusion network. The show was canceled in December 2014. Beginning in Spring 2015, Pappas hosted the AOL Original Series, *2 Point Lead*, a sports comedy show.

Pappas' first special, part of Comedy Central's The Half Hour series, aired in June 2014. In 2016, he released his comedy album *Let Me Be Yannis*, which was recorded live in Madison, Wisconsin. The album was awarded Album of the Year for 2016 by SiriusXM Comedy.

Starting in February 2018, Pappas co-hosted the weekly podcast *History Hyenas* via the Riotcast network with frequent collaborator Chris Distefano. The podcast concluded with their final episode on March 24, 2021.

In 2019, Yannis released his first hour-long special *Blowing the Light* on YouTube. It was produced by comedian Andrew Schulz.

## Personal life

Earlier in his career, Pappas worked in the social work field; his work included participating in 9/11 disaster relief for two and a half years and working with people dealing with mental illness and homelessness for three years with Lutheran Social Services. When he was 21, he was shot in the right thigh outside of a New York nightclub during an armed robbery.

Pappas has lived in Park Slope on-and-off for much of his life. He moved to Miami in 2013 for the show *Fusion Live*. More recently, he lived in Bay Ridge.

## Discography

**Comedy Specials**

* *Let Me Be Yannis* (2016)
* *Blowing the Light* (2019)
* *Mom Love* (2022)

**Podcasts**

* *History Hyenas* (with Chris Distefano) (February 2018 – March 2021)
* *The Yannis Pappas Hour* (January 2021 – present)

## InfoBox

| Yannis Pappas | |
| --- | --- |
| Yannis Pappas in March 2017 | |
| Born | (1976-08-24) August 24, 1976<br>Brooklyn, New York, U.S. |
| Medium | Stand-up, television |
| Alma mater | American University |
| Years active | 2000–2002, 2004–present |
| Genres | Observational comedy, blue comedy, surreal humor, satire |
| Subject(s) | American culture, human interaction, human behavior, self-deprecation |
| Spouse | Brittany Pappas (m. 2019) |
| Children | 2 |
| Website | yannispappascomedy.com |


title: University of Bedfordshire

abstract: The University of Bedfordshire is a public research university with campuses in Bedfordshire and Buckinghamshire, England. The University has roots in further and higher education from 1882: it gained university status in 1993 as the University of Luton. The University changed its name to the University of Bedfordshire in 2006, following the merger of the University of Luton with the Bedford campus of De Montfort University. It is spread across five campuses: there are three in Bedfordshire, in Bedford and Luton; and two in Buckinghamshire, in Aylesbury, and in Milton Keynes. It is also active in London and Birmingham, as well as globally, with a growing portfolio of international partnerships as far afield as Trinidad and Tobago, Egypt, Vietnam, Oman and Mauritius. The University entered the Research Assessment Exercise in 2014 and achieved an improvement of 22 places in the REF Power Ranking – the fourth largest improvement in the sector with nearly half of its research considered to be world leading or internationally excellent. In 2012, it achieved FairTrade status. The University has also come eighth in the UK in the People and Planet University Green League in 2019 and received the Eco Campus Platinum award in 2020. The University of Bedfordshire has around 20,000 students from over 100 countries, with around 40 academic partners, both in the UK and overseas, to deliver a range of course from foundation degrees to doctorates. More than 40% of its student population come from families with no history of participation in higher education. Around 70% are mature returners to education and over half are from black or ethnic minority backgrounds. Appointed in 2020, the current Vice Chancellor is Professor Rebecca Bunting. The current Chancellor of the University of Bedfordshire is Sarfraz Manzoor, who was appointed in 2023.

text:
# University of Bedfordshire

The **University of Bedfordshire** is a public research university with campuses in Bedfordshire and Buckinghamshire, England. The University has roots in further and higher education from 1882: it gained university status in 1993 as the **University of Luton**. The University changed its name to the University of Bedfordshire in 2006, following the merger of the University of Luton with the Bedford campus of De Montfort University.

It is spread across five **campuses**: there are three in Bedfordshire, in Bedford and Luton; and two in Buckinghamshire, in Aylesbury (for students studying Nursing and Midwifery), and in Milton Keynes. It is also active in London and Birmingham, as well as globally, with a growing portfolio of international partnerships as far afield as Trinidad and Tobago, Egypt, Vietnam, Oman and Mauritius.

The University entered the Research Assessment Exercise in 2014 and achieved an improvement of 22 places in the REF Power Ranking – the fourth largest improvement in the sector with nearly half of its research considered to be world leading or internationally excellent.

In 2012, it achieved FairTrade status. The University has also come eighth in the UK in the People and Planet University Green League in 2019 and received the Eco Campus Platinum award in 2020.

The University of Bedfordshire has around 20,000 students from over 100 countries, with around 40 academic partners, both in the UK and overseas, to deliver a range of course from foundation degrees to doctorates. More than 40% of its student population come from families with no history of participation in higher education. Around 70% are mature returners to education and over half are from black or ethnic minority backgrounds.

Appointed in 2020, the current Vice Chancellor is Professor Rebecca Bunting. The current Chancellor of the University of Bedfordshire is Sarfraz Manzoor, who was appointed in 2023.

## History

The University of Luton had its roots in the Luton Modern School, which was established in 1908 and the Luton Modern School and Technical Institute which opened in 1937. This became Luton College of Higher Education following the merger of Luton College of Technology and Putteridge Bury College of Education, in 1976. It obtained university status in 1993.

The Bedford campus of De Montfort University was originally part of the Bedford College of Higher Education, which stemmed from Bedford Teacher Training College, founded in 1882, and Bedford Physical Training College, founded in 1903. The University was created by the merger of the University of Luton and the Bedford campus of De Montfort University in August 2006, following approval by the Privy Council.

## Campuses

The University's two main campuses are in Luton and Bedford. In Buckinghamshire, the dedicated Mary Seacole Aylesbury campus for Healthcare students opened in February 2020 at Stoke Mandeville Hospital, in partnership with Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust (BHT). A smaller fourth campus at Milton Keynes became part of the university in 2012, offering a variety of degree courses as well as Continuing Professional Development (CPD) programmes.

On the outskirts of Luton, is the University’s Putteridge Bury campus. The campus is situated in approximately 30 acres of landscaped gardens. The current building was completed in 1911 and was designed by architects Sir Ernest George and Alfred Yeats in the style of Chequers, having had various redesigns and rebuilds over the years.

The site is utilised for University events including graduations, academic research symposia and seminars, The University of Bedfordshire Business School's postgraduate programmes, as well as a wide variety of public and private events including conferences, weddings, funeral receptions and public holiday functions.

### Luton Campus

The University’s Luton campus is located in the town centre and is home to a purpose built STEM building, seven-storey library, a Postgraduate & CPD Centre, as well as facilities to support each of the courses on offer. These include the Media Arts Centre, a Moot Court, Business Pods, Healthcare Simulation Suites, a Campus Gym and a three-storey art studio with designated fashion and photography studios.

The University's Campus Centre, at Luton, opened in October 2010. It houses a 240-seat lecture theatre, an exhibition area for displaying student work, a Student Information Desk and Students' Union support services.

The Postgraduate and Continuing Professional Development Centre was completed in early 2013

The dedicated STEM building opened in 2019 and is set out over four storeys of teaching space including four computer laboratories and workshops for subjects such as automotive engineering, cyber-security and robotics, along with three large teaching labs, and four specialist containment labs.

### Bedford Campus

The Bedford campus includes a Physical Education and Sport Science Centre used to train athletes in the 2012 Olympic Games, and a Bedford Campus Centre boasting a 280-seat theatre, dance studios, a restaurant and social spaces for students. Liberty Park, on-site accommodation, offers 500 en-suite study bedrooms.

The Library was designed by van Heyningen and Haward Architects as a gateway to the campus. The building was completed in 2001 and provides approximately 360 individual study spaces, teaching space, staff work areas and traditional library services. There is also the Gateway building which offers teaching and informal learning spaces, lecture theatres and a student service centre over three storeys.

### Mary Seacole, Aylesbury Campus

The University’s Mary Seacole Campus opened in February 2020 at the Stoke Mandeville Hospital in Aylesbury and in partnership with Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust (BHT).

The three-storey building, located on the hospital site, provides a specialist skills lab, set out as a hospital ward with state-of-the-art audio visual technology. There are also a suite of classrooms, a library, social learning spaces and computer study facilities.

### Milton Keynes Campus

The Milton Keynes campus was originally established with the long term aim of becoming a new, independent university in Milton Keynes.

The institution began as 'the University Centre Milton Keynes' (UCMK), part of Milton Keynes College and supported by the University of Bedfordshire, the University of Northampton and the Open University. It was opened on 29 September 2008, with start-up funding provided by the Milton Keynes Partnership, which purchased the initial building (a former office block) in Central Milton Keynes.

In October 2009, the University of Bedfordshire (acting as lead academic partner) made a successful bid to the Higher Education Funding Council for England to expand provision at UCMK, one of just six such centres to have achieved this.

In September 2012 the centre ceased to be part of MK College and became a wholly owned subsidiary of the University of Bedfordshire. The university announced plans for a new campus in the city, with the new name of the institution being 'University Campus Milton Keynes', and this was opened at Saxon Court on Avebury Boulevard in September 2013.

Since March 2017, the brand 'UCMK' is no longer in use and the campus now operates as University of Bedfordshire Milton Keynes Campus.

Today, under the operation of the University of Bedfordshire, Milton Keynes campus offers foundation degrees, bachelor's degrees and master's degrees.

## Organisation and structure

The University has four faculties: Creative Arts, Technologies and Science; Education and Sport; Health and Social Sciences; and the University of Bedfordshire Business School.

## Academic profile

Rankings
| National rankings | |
| --- | --- |
| *Complete* (2025) | 129 |
| *Guardian* (2025) | 122 |
| *Times / Sunday Times* (2025) | 129 |
| Global rankings | |
| *THE* (2024) | 1001–1200 |

In 2000, the University of Luton was ranked 83 out of 93 British universities by *The Times* in their annual university ranking, rising to 72 out of 101 two years later.

*The Sunday Times* awarded the University of Luton the title of Best New University in 2004 (prior to the purchase of the Bedford campus and rebranding). The QAA conducted a thorough institutional audit of the university as a whole in 2005 (prior to the merger of the University), which resulted in the audit team's questioning of the academic standards of its awards and its lack of confidence in the university's quality standards. However, after the audit was taken, the QAA was provided with information that indicates that appropriate action was taken by the university in response to the findings of this report. As a result, the audit was signed off in July 2007. The University was subsequently commended by the QAA for the high quality and standards of our higher education provision in 2015.

The University appears in Times Higher Education World University rankings, is ranked as one of the top 300 universities in the world under 50 years old in the Young University rankings, and was awarded Silver in the first ever Teaching Excellence Framework (TEF) in 2017.

The University hosts the National Centre for Cyberstalking Research, opened in 2012, which carried out the first British study of cyberstalking and other forms of harassment online. In 2012, it established a UNESCO chair in New Media Forms of the Book to analyse trends in the use of electronic media, mobile media, and Internet technologies through research and practice.

### Teaching quality

In 2004 The Sunday Times awarded the University the title of 'Best New University' and in 2007 it was short-listed for the Times Higher Education Supplement's University of the Year 2007.

### Awards

* Awarded the Queen's Award for Enterprise: International Trade in 2011.
* Outstanding Finance Team winners in the Times Higher Education Leadership and Management Awards 2011.

### Educational partner institutions

The University works together with a number of partner institutions to offer a range of courses:

The University was a co-sponsor of UTC Central Bedfordshire, a university technical college which operated in Houghton Regis from 2012 to 2016.

## Student life

The University of Bedfordshire Students' Union is affiliated to the National Union of Students, which represents students nationwide.

In 2020, Radio LaB 97.1FM—the University's affiliated community radio station—won two Community Radio Awards.

## Notable alumni

## InfoBox

University of Bedfordshire
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Type | Public |
| Established | 1882   Bedford Teacher Training College
1993   University of Luton gained University Status
2006   renamed to University of Bedfordshire after merging with the Bedford campus of De Montfort University |
| Chancellor | Sarfraz Manzoor |
| Vice-Chancellor | Professor Rebecca Bunting |
| Location | Bedford, Luton, Aylesbury and Milton Keynes, Bedfordshire and Buckinghamshire, England, UK
51°52′40″N 0°24′41″W / 51.87778°N 0.41139°W / 51.87778; -0.41139 |
| Campus | Urban |
| Website | beds.ac.uk |


title: Matapuna railway station

abstract: Matapuna had several sidings on the North Island Main Trunk line, in the Ruapehu District of New Zealand, serving the east Taumarunui suburb on the north bank of the Whanganui River. It was 2.9 km (1.8 mi) north west of Manunui and 2.95 km (1.83 mi) east of Taumarunui. Work was largely complete by May 1903, and freight was handled from 22 June 1903. A fixed signal was placed at the station and a distant at the bridge in 1917 and the ballast pit siding was interlocked by tablet in 1918. A racecourse opened to the south of the bridge in 1916 and some trains served the course on race days, though no platform appears on aerial photos and only the ballast pit was mapped. Before the railway came, a Ngāti Hāua kāinga was on the south side of the river, which could be forded, except when in flood.

text:
# Matapuna railway station

**Matapuna** had several sidings on the North Island Main Trunk line, in the Ruapehu District of New Zealand, serving the east Taumarunui suburb on the north bank of the Whanganui River. It was 2.9 km (1.8 mi) north west of Manunui and 2.95 km (1.83 mi) east of Taumarunui. Work was largely complete by May 1903, and freight was handled from 22 June 1903. A fixed signal was placed at the station and a distant at the bridge in 1917 and the ballast pit siding was interlocked by tablet in 1918. A racecourse opened to the south of the bridge in 1916 and some trains served the course on race days, though no platform appears on aerial photos and only the ballast pit was mapped.

Before the railway came, a Ngāti Hāua kāinga was on the south side of the river, which could be forded, except when in flood.

## Matapuna Bridge

Matapuna Bridge, to the south east of the station, takes the NIMT over the Whanganui River. It has three 122 ft (37 m) steel through trusses, plus a 40 ft (12 m) steel girder at each end, totalling 470 ft (140 m) long. It was built from March 1903 to January 1904 by Scott Bros. Ltd. Peter Seton Hay, Engineer-in-Chief of the Public Works Department, was probably the designer. The bridge was repaired and strengthened in 1916, 1938, 1956, 1965, 1967 and 2006. The 1903 central cast iron cylinder piers, cutwaters, timber cross-bracings and boxing remain, though most other parts have been replaced. From 1905 to May 1962 it was a road rail bridge, with traffic controlled by bridge-keepers. The road was 11 ft (3.4 m) wide. Road use ended when a concrete bridge opened on SH4. It is now Bridge 197, 750 m (2,460 ft) south of the station site.

## Puketapu Sawmilling Co Ltd

Puketapu was recognised as a potential source of totara as early as 1903 and the company was advertising for bush cutting and construction of a 1.5 mi (2.4 km) tramway in 1905. The sawmill must have been operating by 1906, when they experimented with floating sawn timber down the river. Another sawmill was also operating nearby in 1906, which possibly the company had taken over by 1908, when the tramway extended for 5 mi (8.0 km). The company was in liquidation in 1909, but was taken over by Pukuweka Sawmills. The bush tramway was linked to the main line and had two locomotives in 1911. The last year the mill was recorded as using the railway siding was 1915.

## Ballast pit

Most of the original ballast for the central portion of the NIMT was extracted from the river at the ballast reserve, just north of the bridge, from 1903.

Photos

Video - Electric-hauled freight train in 2018

## InfoBox

| Matapuna railway station | |
| --- | --- |
| Matapuna in 1909.
The cottage is probably the bridge-keeper's | |
| General information | |
| Location | New Zealand |
| Coordinates | 38°52′53″S 175°17′36″E / 38.8815°S 175.2934°E / -38.8815; 175.2934 |
| Elevation | 180 m (590 ft) |
| Line(s) | North Island Main Trunk |
| Distance | Wellington 394.8 km (245.3 mi) |
| History | |
| Opened | 22 June 1903 |
| Closed | 31 March 1987 |
| Electrified | June 1988 |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station   Historical railways   Following station  Taumarunui
Line open, station open   North Island Main Trunk
KiwiRail   Manunui
Line open, station closed | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Heritage New Zealand – Category 1 | |
| Designated | 27 March 2009 (bridge) |
| Reference no. | 9277 |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Uncial 062

abstract: Uncial 062 ε 64 (Soden), is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament on parchment, dated palaeographically to the 5th century.

text:
# Uncial 062

**Uncial 062** (in the Gregory-Aland numbering) ε 64 (Soden), is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament on parchment, dated palaeographically to the 5th century.

## Description

The codex contains a part of the Epistle to the Galatians (4:15-5:14), survived only one leaf (22 cm by 18.5 cm). The text is written in two columns per page, 33 lines per page. It is a palimpsest. The upper text is Arabic.

The Greek text of this codex Aland placed it in Category III.

It is dated by the Institute for New Testament Textual Research to the 5th century.

The codex used to be located in Damascus, in Qubbat al-Khazna (Ms. E 7332).

## Further reading

* W. H. P. Hatch, *An Uncial Fragment of the Gospels*, HTR 23 (1930), pp. 149-152.

## InfoBox

Uncial **062**
| **New Testament manuscript** | |
| --- | --- |
| Text | Galatians |
| Date | 5th century |
| Script | Greek |
| Now at | Qubbat al-Khazna |
| Size | 22 x 18.5 cm |
| Type | mixed |
| Category | III |


title: Morag Prunty

abstract: Morag Prunty, is a magazine editor and New York Times bestselling author who also writes as Kate Kerrigan.

text:
# Morag Prunty

**Morag Prunty** (born 14 April 1964), is a magazine editor and New York Times bestselling author who also writes as *Kate Kerrigan*.

## Biography

Morag Prunty was born in Scotland, of Irish parents. She had three siblings. She grew up in London from the age of two. She left school at 15 and became a hairdresser. At nineteen she began working as a magazine writer. She worked in *Looks* where she was the youngest editor on a national British publication. She also worked in *More* and *Just Seventeen*.

In 1991 Prunty moved to Dublin to take over the relaunch of *Irish Tatler*.

She lived in Dublin with her husband, Niall Kerrigan, with whom she has two sons. They bought a house in Killala, County Mayo. Prunty suffers with arthritis.

## Bibliography

* Boys: A User's Guide, illustrated by Alison Everitt, Piccadilly (London, England), 1993.
* Dancing with Mules, Pan (London, England), 2001, published as Wild Cats and Colleens, HarperCollins (New York, NY), 2001.
* Disco Daddy, Pan (London, England), 2002.
* Poison Arrows, Pan (London, England), 2003.
* Superstar Lovers, Tivoli (Dublin, Ireland), 2004.
* Recipes for a Perfect Marriage, Hyperion (New York, NY), 2006

## Sources

## InfoBox

| Morag Prunty | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 14 April 1964<br>Scotland |
| Other names | Kate Kerrigan |
| Website | http://katekerriganauthor.blogspot.com/ |


# List of awards and nominations received by Outkast

This is the list of awards and nominations received by American hip hop duo Outkast.

## American Music Awards

| Year | Nominee / work | Award | Result | R |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2003 | Outkast | Favorite Soul/R&B Band/Duo/Group | Won |  |
| 2004 | Outkast | Artist of the Year | Nominated |  |
| | | Favorite Pop/Rock Band/Duo/Group | Won | |
| | | Favorite Rap/Hip-Hop Band/Duo/Group | Won | |
| | *Speakerboxxx/The Love Below* | Favorite Rap/Hip-Hop Album | Won | |

## BET Awards

| Year | Nominee / work | Award | Result | R |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2001 | "Ms. Jackson" | Video of the Year | Won |  |
| | Outkast | Best Group | Won | |
| 2002 | Outkast | Best Group | Won |  |
| 2004 | "Hey Ya!" | Video of the Year | Won |  |
| | | Viewer's Choice | Nominated | |
| | "The Way You Move" (featuring Sleepy Brown) | Video of the Year | Nominated | |
| | Best Collaboration | Nominated ||
| | Outkast | Best Group | Won | |
| 2007 | Outkast | Best Group | Nominated |  |
| 2008 | "International Players Anthem (I Choose You)" (with UGK) | Video of the Year | Won |  |

## BET Hip Hop Awards

| Year | Nominee / work | Award | Result | R |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2007 | "International Players Anthem (I Choose You)" (with UGK) | Best Collaboration | Won |  |
| | | Best Video | Nominated | |

## Black Reel Awards

| Year | Nominee / work | Award | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2007 | *Idlewild* | Outstanding Original Score | Nominated |
| | "Idlewild Blue (Don'tchu Worry 'Bout Me)" | Outstanding Original Song | Nominated |

## Brit Awards

| Year | Nominee / work | Award | Result | R |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2004 | *Speakerboxxx/The Love Below* | International Album | Nominated |  |
| | Outkast | International Group | Nominated | |
| 2005 | *Speakerboxxx/The Love Below* | International Album | Nominated |  |
| | Outkast | International Group | Nominated | |

## Grammy Awards

| Year | Nominee / work | Award | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1999 | "Rosa Parks" | Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group | Nominated |
| 2002 | "Ms. Jackson" | Record of the Year | Nominated |
| | | Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group | Won |
| | | Best Music Video | Nominated |
| | *Stankonia* | Album of the Year | Nominated |
| | Best Rap Album | Won |
| 2003 | "The Whole World" (featuring Killer Mike) | Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group | Won |
| 2004 | "Hey Ya!" | Record of the Year | Nominated |
| | | Best Urban/Alternative Performance | Won |
| | | Best Music Video | Nominated |
| | *Speakerboxxx/The Love Below* | Album of the Year | Won |
| | Best Rap Album | Won |
| | Outkast | Producer of the Year, Non-Classical | Nominated |
| 2007 | "Idlewild Blue (Don't Chu Worry 'Bout Me)" | Best Urban/Alternative Performance | Nominated |
| | "Mighty O" | Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group | Nominated |
| 2008 | "International Players Anthem (I Choose You)" (with UGK) | Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group | Nominated |

## MTV Europe Music Awards

| Year | Nominee / work | Award | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2001 | "Ms. Jackson" | Best Video | Nominated |
| | Outkast | Best Hip-Hop | Nominated |
| | Best R&B | Nominated |
| 2004 | *Speakerboxxx/The Love Below* | Best Album | Nominated |
| | "Hey Ya!" | Best Song | Won |
| | Best Video | Won |
| | Outkast | Best Group | Won |
| | Best R&B | Nominated |
| 2006 | Outkast | Best R&B | Nominated |

## MTV Video Music Awards

| Year | Nominee / work | Award | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2001 | "Ms. Jackson" | Best Hip-Hop Video | Won |
| | | Best Direction | Nominated |
| 2002 | "The Whole World" (featuring Killer Mike) | Best Hip-Hop Video | Nominated |
| 2004 | "Hey Ya!" | Video of the Year | Won |
| | | Best Hip-Hop Video | Won |
| | | Best Direction | Nominated |
| | | Best Visual Effects | Won |
| | | Best Art Direction | Won |

## MTV Video Music Awards Japan

| Year | Nominee / work | Award | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2004 | *Speakerboxxx/The Love Below* | Album of the Year | Won |
| | "Hey Ya!" | Video of the Year | Nominated |
| | Best Pop Video | Nominated |

## Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards

| Year | Nominee / work | Award | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2004 | "Hey Ya!" | Favorite Song | Won |
| | Outkast | Favorite Music Group | Won |
| 2005 | Outkast | Favorite Music Group | Nominated |

## Soul Train Music Awards

| Year | Nominee / work | Award | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1997 | *ATLiens* | Best Album of the Year | Nominated |
| 1999 | *Aquemini* | Best R&B/Soul Album – Group, Band or Duo | Nominated |
| 2001 | "Ms. Jackson" | Best Video of the Year | Nominated |
| 2004 | *Speakerboxxx/The Love Below* | Best Album of the Year | Won |
| | Outkast | Sammy Davis Jr. – Entertainer of the Year | Won |
| | "Hey Ya!" | Best Video of the Year | Won |
| 2005 | "Roses" | Best Video of the Year | Nominated |

## The Source Awards

| Year | Nominee / work | Award | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1995 | Outkast | New Artist of the Year, Group | Won |
| | *Southernplayalisticadillacmuzik* | Album of the Year | Nominated |

## Teen Choice Awards

| Year | Nominee / work | Award | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2001 | Outkast | Choice Music: R&B/Hip Hop Artist | Nominated |
| | "Ms. Jackson" | Choice Music: R&B/Hip Hop Track | Nominated |
| 2004 | *Speakerboxxx/The Love Below* | Choice Music: Album | Nominated |
| | "The Way You Move" (featuring Sleepy Brown) | Choice Music: Hook Up | Nominated |
| | Choice Music: Hip-Hop/Rap Track | Nominated |
| | "Hey Ya!" | Choice Music: Single | Nominated |


title: Marles-en-Brie

abstract: Marles-en-Brie is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France.

text:
# Marles-en-Brie

**Marles-en-Brie** (French pronunciation: \[maʁl ɑ̃ bʁi\] , literally *Marles in Brie*) is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France.

## Demographics

Inhabitants are called *Marlois*.

## InfoBox

| Marles-en-Brie | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| The town hall in Marles-en-Brie | |
|  | |
| Location of Marles-en-Brie | |
| Marles-en-BrieMarles-en-Brie | |
| Coordinates: 48°43′42″N 2°52′46″E / 48.7283°N 2.8794°E / 48.7283; 2.8794 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Île-de-France |
| Department | Seine-et-Marne |
| Arrondissement | Provins |
| Canton | Fontenay-Trésigny |
| Intercommunality | CC Val Briard |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Patrick Poisot |
| Area**1** | 12.78 km2 (4.93 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 1,843 |
| Density | 140/km2 (370/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 77277 /77610 |
| Elevation | 102–114 m (335–374 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Manipulator (insect)

abstract: Manipulator modificaputis is an extinct cockroach which lived during the Upper Cretaceous period. The holotype specimen is fossilized in a 100-million-year-old piece of Burmese amber, which was found in a quarry of volcanoclastic mudstone at Noije Bum in the Hukawng Valley in Myanmar. The insect was described by Peter Vršanský, of the Geological Institute SAS of Bratislava, and by Günter Bechly, of the Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde in Stuttgart. The cockroach was found to have an elongated neck, a freely rotating head and unexpectedly long legs, which are indicative of a predatory lifestyle. However, as of 2022, it is thought that M. modificaputis tended to live around and feed on flowers. In addition, this insect has some characteristics superficially similar to mantises, however differ from other many characters. The insect body is 9.3 millimetres (0.37 in) long with 14.7 millimetres (0.58 in) long forewings for male and 10.9 millimetres (0.43 in) body length, 13.4 millimetres (0.53 in) forewing length for female. The authors erected a new family, Manipulatoridae, after examining the specimen on the basis of "the unique habitus with numerous autapomorphies along with several plesiomorphies." Other specimens including that of a juvenile were discovered from the Myanmar amber mines and described in 2022. This species was found along with dozens of other extinct species of insects fully preserved in amber, making Noije Bum in the Hukawng Valley region one of the most important regions for amber fossils containing fully preserved insects. This species belonged to the invertebrate fauna of the ancient amber forest of the Myanmar region. It was the only member of the family Manipulatoridae until 2022, when the related genus Manipulatoides was described from the same deposit.

text:
# Manipulator (insect)

***Manipulator modificaputis*** is an extinct cockroach which lived during the Upper Cretaceous period. The holotype specimen is fossilized in a 100-million-year-old piece of Burmese amber, which was found in a quarry of volcanoclastic mudstone (a sedimentary rock) at Noije Bum in the Hukawng Valley in Myanmar. The insect was described by Peter Vršanský, of the Geological Institute SAS of Bratislava, and by Günter Bechly, of the Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde in Stuttgart.

The cockroach was found to have an elongated neck, a freely rotating head and unexpectedly long legs, which are indicative of a predatory lifestyle. However, as of 2022, it is thought that *M. modificaputis* tended to live around and feed on flowers. In addition, this insect has some characteristics superficially similar to mantises, however differ from other many characters. The insect body is 9.3 millimetres (0.37 in) long with 14.7 millimetres (0.58 in) long forewings for male and 10.9 millimetres (0.43 in) body length, 13.4 millimetres (0.53 in) forewing length for female.

The authors erected a new family, Manipulatoridae, after examining the specimen on the basis of "the unique habitus with numerous autapomorphies along with several plesiomorphies." Other specimens including that of a juvenile were discovered from the Myanmar amber mines and described in 2022.

This species was found along with dozens of other extinct species of insects fully preserved in amber, making Noije Bum in the Hukawng Valley region one of the most important regions for amber fossils containing fully preserved insects.

This species belonged to the invertebrate fauna of the ancient amber forest of the Myanmar region.

It was the only member of the family Manipulatoridae until 2022, when the related genus *Manipulatoides* was described from the same deposit.

## InfoBox

| *Manipulator*
Temporal range: Cenomanian, | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Fossil specimen | |
|  | |
| Reconstruction | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Blattodea |
| Superfamily: | Corydioidea |
| Family: | Manipulatoridae
Vršanský & Bechly 2015 |
| Genus: | *Manipulator*
Vršanský & Bechly 2015 |
| Species: | ***M. modificaputis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Manipulator modificaputis***
Vršanský & Bechly 2015 | |
|


title: Mary MacMakin

abstract: Mary MacMakin is an American aid worker who has worked predominantly in Afghanistan for women's rights since 1961. MacMakin founded PARSA, the organisation for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation in Support of Afghanistan in 1998, and continued to work with it even after the Taliban deported her from the country.

text:
# Mary MacMakin

**Mary MacMakin** is an American aid worker who has worked predominantly in Afghanistan for women's rights since 1961. MacMakin founded PARSA, the organisation for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation in Support of Afghanistan in 1998, and continued to work with it even after the Taliban deported her from the country.

## Career

Mary MacMakin's humanitarian career was inspired by the 1940 United States presidential campaign of Republican Wendell Willkie. She moved to Afghanistan in 1961, working as a humanitarian. Under the Taliban, this became work to promote the rights of women. MacMakin founded PARSA, the organisation for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation in Support of Afghanistan, in 1998. This helped women work by setting them up in small cottage industries such as weaving silk scarves. In 2000, she was at first arrested by the Taliban, who then deported her after accusing her of spying and spreading anti-government propaganda. She was flown to Pakistan by the Red Cross. She was then set up in Peshawar, saying "As long as the Taliban are in control, I cannot go back."

MacMakin was profiled by *Vogue* magazine in 2001 following the American invasion during the War in Afghanistan. It was while being prepared for her photoshoot that upon discussion with her hair stylist, Terri Grauel, the idea for a Kabul-based beauty school called the Body and Soul Wellness Program. Anna Wintour donated $25,000 to help the programme open.

## Personal life

MacMakin also speaks Dari (Persian); she became fluent in it during her residency in Afghanistan. Having spent the majority of her life in the country as a non-Muslim, she eventually converted to Islam in 2014 and received Afghan citizenship from President Ashraf Ghani in 2017.

## InfoBox

| Mary MacMakin | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1929 or 1930 (age 93–94) |
| Nationality | American<br>Afghan since 2017 |
| Occupation | Aid worker |
| Years active | 1961-present |
| Known for | Founder of PARSA |