title: 1980–81 County Championship

abstract: The 1980–81 County Championship was the 39th season of the Liga IV, the fourth tier of the Romanian football league system. The champions of each county association play against one from a neighboring county in a play-off to gain promotion to Divizia C.

text:
# 1980–81 County Championship

The **1980–81 County Championship** was the 39th season of the Liga IV, the fourth tier of the Romanian football league system. The champions of each county association play against one from a neighboring county in a play-off to gain promotion to Divizia C.

## Promotion play-off

Teams promoted to Divizia C without a play-off matches as teams from less represented counties in the third division.

Preliminary round

| Team 1 | Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score | Team 2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Fulgerul Cernica (IF) |  | () **Dinamo Victoria București** |  | 3–4 |

The matches was played on 5 and 12 July 1981.

| Team 1 | Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score | Team 2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Constructorul Beclean (BN) | 0–4 | (HR) **Unirea Cristuru Secuiesc** | 0–0 | 0–4 |
| **Chimia Găești** (DB) | 6–4 | (DJ) Unirea Tricolor Dăbuleni | 5–1 | 1–3 |
| **Granitul Babadag** (TL) | 7–1 | (GL) Gloria IMN Galați | 5–0 | 2–1 |
| Victoria Lehliu (CL) | 2–3 | (TR) **Dunărea Venus Zimnicea** | 2–0 | 0–3 |
| ICM Caransebeș (CS) | 3–4 | (AR) **Chimia Arad** | 2–1 | 1–3 |
| **Metalotehnica Târgu Mureș** (MS) | 5–1 | (SV) CFR Suceava | 3–1 | 2–0 |
| **Utilajul Făgăraș** (BV) | 8–1 | (VL) Cauciucul Dragașani | 3–0 | 5–1 |
| **Constructorul Pitești** (AG) | 5–2 | (OT) Victoria Caracal | 3–0 | 2–2 |
| Unirea Livezile (MH) | 3–4 | (GJ) **Parângul Novaci** | 2–3 | 1–1 |
| Inter Sibiu (SB) | 1–2 | (AB) **Mecanica Alba Iulia** | 1–0 | 0–2 |
| CFR Constanța (CT) | 4–8 | () **Dinamo Victoria București** | 2–3 | 2–5 |
| Constructorul Timișoara (TM) | 3–3 (1–3 ) | (HD) **Minerul Aninoasa** | 3–0 | 0–3 |
| **Integrata Pașcani** (IS) | 3–1 | (BC) Barajul TCH Bacău | 3–0 | 0–1 |
| **Bihorul Beiuș** (BH) | 4–2 | (CJ) Olimpia Gherla | 4–0 | 0–2 |
| Unirea Săveni (BT) | 3–6 | (MM) **Bradul Vișeu de Sus** | 3–4 | 0–2 |
| Voința Roznov (NT) | 0–6 | (VN) **Rapid Panciu** | 0–1 | 0–5 |
| **Minerul Filipeștii de Pădure** (PH) | 6–1 | (IL) Unirea Gârbovi | 4–0 | 2–1 |

## County leagues

### Arad County

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Chimia Arad (C, Q) | 34 | 27 | 4 | 3 | 88 | 24 | +64 | 58 | Qualification to promotion play-off |
| 2 | Gloria Arad | 34 | 26 | 5 | 3 | 80 | 16 | +64 | 57 |  |
| 3 | Frontiera Curtici | 34 | 14 | 10 | 10 | 58 | 42 | +16 | | 38 |
| 4 | Șiriana Șiria | 34 | 15 | 6 | 13 | 61 | 45 | +16 | | 36 |
| 5 | Gloria Ineu | 34 | 16 | 4 | 14 | 56 | 42 | +14 | | 34 |
| 6 | Stăruința Dorobanți | 34 | 15 | 4 | 15 | 49 | 48 | +1 | | 34 |
| 7 | Șoimii Pâncota | 34 | 13 | 7 | 14 | 47 | 41 | +6 | | 33 |
| 8 | CPL Arad | 34 | 11 | 11 | 12 | 37 | 38 | 1 | | 33 |
| 9 | Progresul Pecica | 34 | 10 | 13 | 11 | 43 | 44 | 1 | | 33 |
| 10 | Strungul Chișineu-Criș | 34 | 14 | 5 | 15 | 52 | 59 | 7 | | 33 |
| 11 | Crișana Sebiș | 34 | 12 | 8 | 14 | 48 | 62 | 14 | | 32 |
| 12 | Motorul Arad | 34 | 11 | 9 | 14 | 51 | 49 | +2 | | 31 |
| 13 | Unirea Șofronea | 34 | 14 | 3 | 17 | 67 | 81 | 14 | | 31 |
| 14 | Victoria Nădlac | 34 | 12 | 6 | 16 | 46 | 55 | 9 | | 30 |
| 15 | Unirea Șeitin | 34 | 11 | 7 | 16 | 49 | 61 | 12 | | 29 |
| 16 | Mureșul Zădăreni | 34 | 13 | 3 | 18 | 58 | 72 | 14 | | 29 |
| 17 | Dacia Beliu | 34 | 8 | 5 | 21 | 40 | 92 | 52 | | 19 |
| 18 | Înfrățirea Iratoșu | 34 | 7 | 4 | 23 | 28 | 87 | 59 | | 18 |

Source:
Rules for classification: 1) Points; 2) Goal difference; 3) Number of goals scored.
(C) Champions; (Q) Qualified for the phase indicated
Notes: 1. Gloria Ineu and Dacia Beliu deducted 2 points.

### Botoșani County

Series I

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Electro Botoșani (Q) | 30 | 23 | 4 | 3 | 101 | 30 | +71 | 50 | Qualification to championship final |
| 2 | Luceafărul Botoșani | 30 | 22 | 5 | 3 | 106 | 42 | +64 | 49 |  |
| 3 | Flacăra Flămânzi | 30 | 21 | 1 | 8 | 93 | 50 | +43 | | 43 |
| 4 | Intex Botoșani | 30 | 16 | 2 | 12 | 74 | 55 | +19 | | 34 |
| 5 | Zorile Roma | 30 | 16 | 0 | 14 | 80 | 72 | +8 | | 32 |
| 6 | Avântul Mihai Eminescu | 30 | 14 | 4 | 12 | 66 | 65 | +1 | | 32 |
| 7 | Viitorul Dersca | 30 | 15 | 1 | 14 | 65 | 68 | 3 | | 31 |
| 8 | Voința Mândrești | 30 | 13 | 4 | 13 | 50 | 50 | 0 | | 30 |
| 9 | Înainte Copălău | 30 | 14 | 2 | 14 | 47 | 67 | 20 | | 30 |
| 10 | Sănătatea Dorohoi | 30 | 11 | 3 | 16 | 68 | 69 | 1 | | 25 |
| 11 | Voința Costești | 30 | 11 | 3 | 16 | 53 | 77 | 24 | | 25 |
| 12 | Recolta Corni | 30 | 12 | 0 | 18 | 61 | 77 | 16 | | 24 |
| 13 | Volanul Cătămărăști | 30 | 9 | 4 | 17 | 61 | 82 | 21 | | 22 |
| 14 | Spicul Brăești | 30 | 9 | 1 | 20 | 44 | 77 | 33 | | 19 |
| 15 | Progresul Nicșeni | 30 | 6 | 7 | 17 | 39 | 84 | 45 | | 19 |
| 16 | Melana Botoșani | 30 | 5 | 1 | 24 | 29 | 85 | 56 | | 11 |

Source:
Rules for classification: 1) Points; 2) Goal difference; 3) Number of goals scored.
(Q) Qualified for the phase indicated Series II

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Unirea Săveni (Q) | 30 | 23 | 5 | 2 | 121 | 29 | +92 | 51 | Qualification to championship final |
| 2 | Avântul Albești | 30 | 20 | 4 | 6 | 90 | 44 | +46 | 44 |  |
| 3 | Munca Drăgușeni | 30 | 19 | 3 | 8 | 80 | 54 | +26 | | 41 |
| 4 | Spicul Avrămeni | 30 | 18 | 3 | 9 | 79 | 54 | +25 | | 39 |
| 5 | Zorile Havârna | 30 | 15 | 3 | 12 | 59 | 54 | +5 | | 33 |
| 6 | Spicul Iacobeni | 30 | 14 | 3 | 13 | 62 | 59 | +3 | | 31 |
| 7 | Sportivul Ripiceni | 30 | 14 | 3 | 13 | 68 | 75 | 7 | | 31 |
| 8 | Sănătatea Darabani | 30 | 13 | 4 | 13 | 65 | 59 | +6 | | 30 |
| 9 | Prutul Mitoc | 30 | 13 | 3 | 14 | 71 | 57 | +14 | | 29 |
| 10 | Gloria Todireni | 30 | 12 | 5 | 13 | 56 | 57 | 1 | | 29 |
| 11 | Recolta Păltiniș | 30 | 10 | 4 | 16 | 55 | 74 | 19 | | 24 |
| 12 | Rapid Ungureni | 30 | 9 | 3 | 18 | 45 | 61 | 16 | | 21 |
| 13 | Scânteia Liveni | 30 | 9 | 3 | 18 | 50 | 86 | 36 | | 21 |
| 14 | Confecția Săveni | 30 | 7 | 5 | 18 | 60 | 92 | 32 | | 19 |
| 15 | Avântul Miorcani | 30 | 8 | 3 | 19 | 57 | 125 | 68 | | 19 |
| 16 | Recolta Hlipiceni | 30 | 9 | 0 | 21 | 42 | 80 | 38 | | 18 |

Source:
Rules for classification: 1) Points; 2) Goal difference; 3) Number of goals scored.
(Q) Qualified for the phase indicated Championship final

| Team 1 | Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score | Team 2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Electro Botoșani | 3–3 | **Unirea Săveni** | 3–2 | 0–1 |

1. Unirea Săveni won on the away goals rule.

*Unirea Săveni won the Botoșani County Championship and qualify for promotion play-off in Divizia C.*

### Caraș-Severin County

Series I

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | ICM Caransebeș (Q) | 20 | 13 | 2 | 5 | 53 | 19 | +34 | 28 | Qualification to championship final |
| 2 | Nera Bozovici | 20 | 13 | 2 | 5 | 56 | 21 | +35 | 28 |  |
| 3 | Siderurgistul Reșița | 20 | 13 | 2 | 5 | 43 | 18 | +25 | | 28 |
| 4 | Progresul Băile Herculane | 20 | 11 | 1 | 8 | 42 | 20 | +22 | | 23 |
| 5 | Bistra Glimboca | 20 | 9 | 4 | 7 | 42 | 35 | +7 | | 22 |
| 6 | Minerul Mehadia | 20 | 8 | 3 | 9 | 26 | 35 | 9 | | 19 |
| 7 | Șoimii Cuptoare | 20 | 8 | 1 | 11 | 35 | 57 | 22 | | 19 |
| 8 | Victoria Caransebeș | 20 | 7 | 4 | 9 | 31 | 41 | 10 | | 18 |
| 9 | Foresta Zăvoi | 20 | 8 | 1 | 11 | 41 | 38 | +3 | | 17 |
| 10 | Minerul Ruschița | 20 | 4 | 2 | 14 | 20 | 63 | 43 | | 10 |
| 11 | Minerul Eftimie Murgu | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 0 |

Source:
Rules for classification: 1) Points; 2) Goal difference; 3) Number of goals scored.
(Q) Qualified for the phase indicated
Notes: 1. Șoimii Cuptoare deducted 2 points.
Series 2

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Mecanica Reșița (Q) | 20 | 14 | 4 | 2 | 59 | 17 | +42 | 32 | Qualification to championship final |
| 2 | Muncitorul Știința Reșița | 20 | 10 | 5 | 5 | 41 | 16 | +25 | 25 |  |
| 3 | Energia Reșița | 20 | 10 | 4 | 6 | 49 | 23 | +26 | | 24 |
| 4 | Minerul Ocna de Fier | 20 | 9 | 4 | 7 | 33 | 23 | +10 | | 22 |
| 5 | Minerul Sasca Montană | 20 | 8 | 5 | 7 | 22 | 20 | +2 | | 21 |
| 6 | Dunărea Belobreșca | 20 | 9 | 1 | 10 | 43 | 50 | 7 | | 19 |
| 7 | ATA Oravița | 20 | 8 | 3 | 9 | 35 | 47 | 12 | | 19 |
| 8 | Minerul Dognecea | 20 | 7 | 2 | 11 | 27 | 42 | 15 | | 16 |
| 9 | Comerțul Bocșa | 20 | 7 | 2 | 11 | 25 | 54 | 29 | | 16 |
| 10 | Autoforesta Bocșa | 20 | 7 | 1 | 12 | 25 | 42 | 17 | | 15 |
| 11 | Metalul Moldova Nouă | 20 | 4 | 3 | 13 | 17 | 38 | 21 | | 11 |

Source:
Rules for classification: 1) Points; 2) Goal difference; 3) Number of goals scored.
(Q) Qualified for the phase indicated Championship final

| Team 1 | Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score | Team 2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| ICM Caransebeș | 1–0 | **Mecanica Reșița** | 1–0 | 0–0 |

*ICM Caransebeș won the Caraș-Severin County Championship and qualify for promotion play-off in Divizia C.*

### Covasna County

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Metalul Sfântu Gheorghe (C, Q) | 34 | 26 | 6 | 2 | 126 | 17 | +109 | 58 | Qualification to promotion play-off |
| 2 | Carpați Covasna | 34 | 20 | 4 | 10 | 84 | 38 | +46 | 44 |  |
| 3 | Electro Sfântu Gheorghe | 34 | 19 | 6 | 9 | 85 | 54 | +31 | | 44 |
| 4 | Stăruința Bodoc | 34 | 20 | 4 | 10 | 78 | 52 | +26 | | 44 |
| 5 | Stăruința Cernat | 34 | 18 | 4 | 12 | 67 | 43 | +24 | | 40 |
| 6 | IAS Câmpu Frumos | 34 | 15 | 9 | 10 | 68 | 54 | +14 | | 39 |
| 7 | Unirea Reci | 34 | 16 | 6 | 12 | 75 | 65 | +10 | | 38 |
| 8 | Apemin Biborțeni | 34 | 15 | 7 | 12 | 68 | 68 | 0 | | 37 |
| 9 | Progresul Catalina | 34 | 15 | 5 | 14 | 78 | 66 | +12 | | 35 |
| 10 | Perkő Sânzieni | 34 | 14 | 4 | 16 | 62 | 62 | 0 | | 32 |
| 11 | Venus Ozun | 34 | 14 | 4 | 16 | 50 | 63 | 13 | | 32 |
| 12 | Ciucașul Întorsura Buzăului | 34 | 12 | 5 | 17 | 55 | 73 | 18 | | 29 |
| 13 | Progresul Chichiș | 34 | 13 | 2 | 19 | 48 | 69 | 21 | | 28 |
| 14 | Victoria Fotoș | 34 | 12 | 4 | 18 | 52 | 80 | 28 | | 28 |
| 15 | Recolta Tamașfalău | 34 | 12 | 3 | 19 | 52 | 90 | 38 | | 27 |
| 16 | Forestierul Brețcu | 34 | 10 | 6 | 18 | 51 | 100 | 49 | | 24 |
| 17 | Voința Căpeni | 34 | 7 | 5 | 22 | 47 | 100 | 53 | | 19 |
| 18 | Agricultorul Angheluș | 34 | 5 | 2 | 27 | 33 | 93 | 60 | | 12 |

Source:
Rules for classification: 1) Points; 2) Goal difference; 3) Number of goals scored.
(C) Champions; (Q) Qualified for the phase indicated
Notes: 1. Forestierul Brețcu deducted 2 points.

### Harghita County

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Unirea Cristuru Secuiesc (C, Q) | 26 | 20 | 2 | 4 | 63 | 22 | +41 | 42 | Qualification to promotion play-off |
| 2 | Mobila Ditrău | 26 | 14 | 4 | 8 | 49 | 21 | +28 | 32 |  |
| 3 | Avântul Miercurea Ciuc | 26 | 13 | 5 | 8 | 52 | 35 | +17 | | 31 |
| 4 | Flamura Roșie Sânsimion | 26 | 13 | 4 | 9 | 53 | 30 | +23 | | 30 |
| 5 | Bradul Hodoșa | 26 | 11 | 5 | 10 | 47 | 36 | +11 | | 27 |
| 6 | Metalul Vlăhița | 26 | 9 | 8 | 9 | 36 | 33 | +3 | | 26 |
| 7 | Rapid Porumbenii Mari | 25 | 10 | 6 | 9 | 37 | 47 | 10 | | 26 |
| 8 | Șoimii Băile Tușnad | 26 | 12 | 1 | 13 | 39 | 52 | 13 | | 25 |
| 9 | Făgetul Borsec | 26 | 11 | 3 | 12 | 32 | 52 | 20 | | 25 |
| 10 | Complexul Gălăuțaș | 25 | 10 | 4 | 11 | 47 | 52 | 5 | | 24 |
| 11 | ITA Cârța | 26 | 12 | 0 | 14 | 39 | 45 | 6 | | 24 |
| 12 | Minerul Lueta (R) | 25 | 5 | 9 | 11 | 31 | 50 | 19 | 19 | Relegation to Harghita County Championship II |
| 13 | Progresul Odorheiu Secuiesc II (R) | 25 | 7 | 2 | 16 | 37 | 63 | 26 | | 16 |
| 14 | Avântul Lunca de Jos (R) | 26 | 4 | 5 | 17 | 39 | 63 | 24 | | 13 |

Source:
Rules for classification: 1) Points; 2) Goal difference; 3) Number of goals scored.
(C) Champions; (Q) Qualified for the phase indicated; (R) Relegated

### Hunedoara County

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Minerul Aninoasa (C, Q) | 22 | 18 | 2 | 2 | 50 | 14 | +36 | 38 | Qualification to promotion play-off |
| 2 | Constructorul Hunedoara | 22 | 14 | 3 | 5 | 53 | 21 | +32 | 31 |  |
| 3 | Minerul Uricani | 22 | 12 | 3 | 7 | 66 | 23 | +43 | | 27 |
| 4 | IMC Bârcea | 22 | 11 | 4 | 7 | 48 | 37 | +11 | | 26 |
| 5 | Parângul Lonea | 22 | 12 | 0 | 10 | 31 | 24 | +7 | | 24 |
| 6 | Metalul Simeria | 22 | 8 | 3 | 11 | 30 | 34 | 4 | | 19 |
| 7 | Mecanica Orăștie | 22 | 8 | 3 | 11 | 29 | 42 | 13 | | 19 |
| 8 | Avântul Hațeg | 22 | 8 | 3 | 11 | 23 | 47 | 24 | | 19 |
| 9 | IGCL Hunedoara | 22 | 8 | 1 | 13 | 24 | 54 | 30 | | 17 |
| 10 | Minerul Teliuc | 22 | 7 | 2 | 13 | 31 | 50 | 19 | | 16 |
| 11 | Metalul Crișcior | 22 | 6 | 3 | 13 | 27 | 41 | 14 | | 15 |
| 12 | Preparatorul Petrila | 22 | 5 | 3 | 14 | 24 | 55 | 31 | | 13 |

Source:
Rules for classification: 1) Points; 2) Goal difference; 3) Number of goals scored.
(C) Champions; (Q) Qualified for the phase indicated

### Olt County

North Series

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Laminorul IPA Slatina (Q) | 30 | 26 | 0 | 4 | 88 | 19 | +69 | 52 | Qualification to championship final |
| 2 | Rapid Piatra-Olt | 30 | 20 | 3 | 7 | 105 | 34 | +71 | 43 |  |
| 3 | Potcoava | 30 | 17 | 4 | 9 | 64 | 41 | +23 | | 38 |
| 4 | Balestiera Milcov | 30 | 15 | 6 | 9 | 54 | 44 | +10 | | 36 |
| 5 | Dârjovul Valea Mare | 30 | 15 | 1 | 14 | 77 | 68 | +9 | | 31 |
| 6 | Sporting Slatina | 30 | 14 | 3 | 13 | 56 | 54 | +2 | | 31 |
| 7 | Avântul Osica | 30 | 11 | 6 | 13 | 50 | 54 | 4 | | 28 |
| 8 | Recolta Izvoarele | 30 | 10 | 7 | 13 | 42 | 49 | 7 | | 27 |
| 9 | Viitorul Brebeni | 30 | 12 | 3 | 15 | 40 | 63 | 23 | | 27 |
| 10 | Avântul Priseaca | 30 | 12 | 2 | 16 | 52 | 56 | 4 | | 26 |
| 11 | Unirea Turia | 30 | 11 | 3 | 16 | 48 | 54 | 6 | | 25 |
| 12 | Recolta Bălteni | 30 | 12 | 1 | 17 | 42 | 62 | 20 | | 25 |
| 13 | Unirea Pârșcoveni | 30 | 11 | 3 | 16 | 52 | 72 | 20 | | 25 |
| 14 | Voința Balș (R) | 30 | 10 | 4 | 16 | 46 | 76 | 30 | 24 | Relegation to Olt County Championship II |
| 15 | Avântul Morunglav (R) | 30 | 10 | 4 | 16 | 47 | 69 | 22 | | 24 |
| 16 | Victoria Dobrun (R) | 30 | 7 | 4 | 19 | 40 | 89 | 49 | | 18 |

Source:
Rules for classification: 1) Points; 2) Goal difference; 3) Number of goals scored.
(Q) Qualified for the phase indicated; (R) Relegated South Series

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Victoria Caracal (Q) | 30 | 21 | 8 | 1 | 96 | 31 | +65 | 50 | Qualification to championship final |
| 2 | Voința Stefan cel Mare | 30 | 23 | 3 | 4 | 95 | 29 | +66 | 49 |  |
| 3 | Știința Drăgănești-Olt | 30 | 21 | 4 | 5 | 79 | 24 | +55 | | 46 |
| 4 | Columna Traian | 30 | 20 | 2 | 8 | 80 | 34 | +46 | | 42 |
| 5 | Textila Drăgănești-Olt | 30 | 16 | 4 | 10 | 80 | 39 | +41 | | 36 |
| 6 | Gloria Deveselu | 30 | 13 | 4 | 13 | 64 | 65 | 1 | | 30 |
| 7 | Voința Băbiciu | 30 | 13 | 3 | 14 | 76 | 72 | +4 | | 29 |
| 8 | Oltul Izbiceni | 30 | 14 | 1 | 15 | 61 | 80 | 19 | | 29 |
| 9 | Recolta Urzica | 30 | 12 | 2 | 16 | 61 | 70 | 9 | | 26 |
| 10 | Viitorul Orlea | 30 | 11 | 4 | 15 | 54 | 66 | 12 | | 26 |
| 11 | Unirea Radomirești | 30 | 12 | 1 | 17 | 63 | 68 | 5 | | 25 |
| 12 | Avântul Vișina | 30 | 10 | 4 | 16 | 58 | 107 | 49 | | 24 |
| 13 | Viitorul Vișina Nouă | 30 | 9 | 1 | 20 | 58 | 67 | 9 | | 19 |
| 14 | Gloria Seaca (R) | 30 | 8 | 2 | 20 | 56 | 93 | 37 | 18 | Relegation to Olt County Championship II |
| 15 | Valea Oltului Cilieni (R) | 30 | 7 | 3 | 20 | 50 | 98 | 48 | | 17 |
| 16 | Unirea Comanca (R) | 30 | 6 | 2 | 22 | 31 | 106 | 75 | | 14 |

Source:
Rules for classification: 1) Points; 2) Goal difference; 3) Number of goals scored.
(Q) Qualified for the phase indicated; (R) Relegated Championship final

| Team 1 | Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score | Team 2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Victoria Caracal** | 1–0 | Laminorul IPA Slatina | 1–0 | 0–0 |

*Victoria Caracal won the Olt County Championship and qualify for promotion play-off in Divizia C.*

### Prahova County

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Minerul Filipeștii de Pădure (C, Q) | 34 | 23 | 8 | 3 | 83 | 16 | +67 | 54 | Qualification to promotion play-off |
| 2 | Electromotor Câmpina | 34 | 19 | 7 | 8 | 70 | 35 | +35 | 45 |  |
| 3 | Petrolistul Boldești | 34 | 19 | 7 | 8 | 61 | 31 | +30 | | 45 |
| 4 | Rapid Mizil | 34 | 16 | 8 | 10 | 56 | 43 | +13 | | 40 |
| 5 | Victoria Florești | 34 | 17 | 5 | 12 | 66 | 41 | +25 | | 39 |
| 6 | Avântul Măneciu | 34 | 17 | 5 | 12 | 61 | 50 | +11 | | 39 |
| 7 | Tricolorul Breaza | 34 | 13 | 10 | 11 | 54 | 52 | +2 | | 36 |
| 8 | IUC Ploiești | 34 | 15 | 5 | 14 | 57 | 46 | +11 | | 35 |
| 9 | Metalul Filipeștii de Pădure | 34 | 13 | 8 | 13 | 44 | 48 | 4 | | 34 |
| 10 | IRA Câmpina | 34 | 11 | 11 | 12 | 46 | 49 | 3 | | 33 |
| 11 | Chimistul Valea Călugărească | 34 | 14 | 4 | 16 | 45 | 55 | 10 | | 32 |
| 12 | Unirea Teleajen Ploiești | 34 | 10 | 11 | 13 | 40 | 39 | +1 | | 31 |
| 13 | Geamul Scăieni | 34 | 10 | 9 | 15 | 37 | 55 | 18 | | 29 |
| 14 | Petrolul PECO Ploiești | 34 | 10 | 9 | 15 | 42 | 60 | 18 | | 29 |
| 15 | Electrica Câmpina | 34 | 12 | 5 | 17 | 53 | 72 | 19 | | 29 |
| 16 | Metalul Câmpina | 34 | 11 | 5 | 18 | 45 | 63 | 18 | | 27 |
| 17 | Feroemail Ploiești | 34 | 5 | 10 | 19 | 36 | 67 | 31 | 20 | Spared from relegation |
| 18 | Viitorul Slănic (R) | 34 | 6 | 3 | 25 | 25 | 99 | 74 | 15 | Relegation to Prahova County Championship II |

Source:
Rules for classification: 1) Points; 2) Goal difference; 3) Number of goals scored.
(C) Champions; (Q) Qualified for the phase indicated; (R) Relegated
Notes: 1. Feroemail Ploiești was spared from relegation due to the promotion of Minerul Filipeștii de Pădure in Divizia C.

### Sălaj County

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Silvania Cehu Silvaniei (C, Q) | 26 | 19 | 3 | 4 | 72 | 15 | +57 | 41 | Qualification to promotion play-off |
| 2 | Voința Derșida | 26 | 14 | 6 | 6 | 59 | 37 | +22 | 34 |  |
| 3 | Minerul Sărmășag | 26 | 15 | 2 | 9 | 66 | 35 | +31 | | 32 |
| 4 | Minerul Surduc | 26 | 13 | 4 | 9 | 54 | 40 | +14 | | 30 |
| 5 | Integrata Jibou | 26 | 12 | 4 | 10 | 51 | 38 | +13 | | 28 |
| 6 | Energia Sânmihaiu Almașului | 26 | 12 | 4 | 10 | 34 | 33 | +1 | | 28 |
| 7 | Spartac Crasna | 26 | 10 | 7 | 9 | 37 | 32 | +5 | | 27 |
| 8 | Recolta Agrij | 26 | 10 | 4 | 12 | 66 | 75 | 9 | | 24 |
| 9 | Minerul Letca | 26 | 9 | 6 | 11 | 51 | 61 | 10 | | 24 |
| 10 | Izolatorul Șimleu Silvaniei | 26 | 10 | 4 | 12 | 46 | 66 | 20 | | 24 |
| 11 | Avântul Lompirt | 26 | 9 | 2 | 15 | 41 | 53 | 12 | | 20 |
| 12 | Olimpic Bocșa | 26 | 8 | 4 | 14 | 35 | 54 | 19 | | 20 |
| 13 | Progresul Bălan | 26 | 7 | 5 | 14 | 33 | 62 | 29 | | 19 |
| 14 | Victoria Românași | 26 | 5 | 3 | 18 | 27 | 71 | 44 | | 13 |

Source:
Rules for classification: 1) Points; 2) Goal difference; 3) Number of goals scored.
(C) Champions; (Q) Qualified for the phase indicated

### Sibiu County

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Inter Sibiu (C, Q) | 32 | 27 | 2 | 3 | 122 | 16 | +106 | 56 | Qualification to promotion play-off |
| 2 | Metalul IO Sibiu | 32 | 25 | 5 | 2 | 108 | 22 | +86 | 55 |  |
| 3 | CSU Sibiu | 32 | 22 | 4 | 6 | 61 | 26 | +35 | | 48 |
| 4 | Unirea Ocna Sibiului | 32 | 19 | 6 | 7 | 94 | 29 | +65 | | 44 |
| 5 | Progresul Dumbrăveni | 32 | 14 | 7 | 11 | 62 | 52 | +10 | | 35 |
| 6 | Sparta Mediaș | 32 | 13 | 9 | 10 | 52 | 47 | +5 | | 35 |
| 7 | Șantierul Sibiu | 32 | 17 | 1 | 14 | 59 | 73 | 14 | | 35 |
| 8 | Mecanica Sibiu | 32 | 13 | 5 | 14 | 71 | 58 | +13 | | 31 |
| 9 | Record Mediaș | 32 | 10 | 10 | 12 | 63 | 51 | +12 | | 30 |
| 10 | Carbosin Copșa Mică | 32 | 13 | 4 | 15 | 55 | 62 | 7 | | 30 |
| 11 | Textila Cisnădie | 32 | 12 | 2 | 18 | 52 | 62 | 10 | | 26 |
| 12 | Textila Mediaș | 32 | 9 | 5 | 18 | 33 | 66 | 33 | | 23 |
| 13 | Spicul Șeica | 32 | 10 | 3 | 19 | 44 | 111 | 67 | | 23 |
| 14 | CFR Sibiu | 32 | 10 | 2 | 20 | 44 | 87 | 43 | | 22 |
| 15 | Voința Sibiu | 32 | 7 | 6 | 19 | 37 | 69 | 32 | | 20 |
| 16 | Viitorul Nocrich | 32 | 8 | 3 | 21 | 30 | 92 | 62 | | 19 |
| 17 | Geamul Târnava | 32 | 3 | 6 | 23 | 21 | 85 | 64 | | 12 |

Source:
Rules for classification: 1) Points; 2) Goal difference; 3) Number of goals scored.
(C) Champions; (Q) Qualified for the phase indicated    1. "Barajul pentru promovarea în Divizia "C"" \[The dam for promotion to Divizia "C"\] (PDF). Sportul. 7 July 1981. p. 3. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 December 2022. Retrieved 3 December 2022  via bibliotecadeva.eu.(in Romanian)
2. "Barajul pentru promovarea în Divizia "C"" \[The dam for promotion to Divizia "C"\] (PDF). Sportul. 14 July 1981. p. 3. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 December 2022. Retrieved 3 December 2022  via bibliotecadeva.eu.(in Romanian)
3. "Campionatul Județean I" \[County championship I\] (PDF). Flacăra Roșie. 9 June 1981. p. 2. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 December 2022. Retrieved 3 December 2022  via digital.bibliotecaarad.ro.(in Romanian)
4. "După campionatul județean de fotbal" \[After the county football championship\]. Clopotul. 10 July 1981. p. 8. Retrieved 17 October 2023  via adt.arcanum.com.(in Romanian)
5. "Campionatul județean" \[County championship\]. Flamura. 26 May 1981. p. 7. Retrieved 22 September 2024  via adt.arcanum.com.(in Romanian)
6. "Campionatul județean de fotbal" \[County football championship\]. Cuvîntul Nou. 29 June 1981. p. 3. Archived from the original on 23 September 2023. Retrieved 23 September 2023  via adt.arcanum.com.(in Romanian)
7. "Unirea Cristuru Secuiesc în faţa barajului pentru Divizia C" \[Unirea Cristuru Secuiesc in front of the dam for Divizia C\]. Informația Harghitei. 15 June 1981. p. 3. Archived from the original on 11 June 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2023  via adt.arcanum.com.(in Romanian)
8. "Campionatul județean de fotbal" \[County football championship\]. Drumul Socialismului. 5 June 1981. p. 4. Archived from the original on 3 December 2022. Retrieved 3 December 2022  via bibliotecadeva.eu.(in Romanian)
9. "Pagini memorabile din istoria fotbalului prahovean – Campionatul de fotbal al județului Prahova: Ediția 1980/1981" \[Memorable pages from the history of Prahova football - Prahova County Football Championship: 1980/1981 Edition\]. ziarulprahova.ro. Archived from the original on 29 October 2023. Retrieved 29 October 2023.(in Romanian)
10. "Campionatul județean" \[County championship\]. Năzuința. 4 July 1981. p. 8. Retrieved 7 October 2023  via adt.arcanum.com.(in Romanian)
11. "Campionatul județean de fotbal" \[County football championship\]. Tribuna Sibiului. 20 June 1981. p. 2. Archived from the original on 10 June 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2023  via adt.arcanum.com.(in Romanian)

## InfoBox

Liga IV
| Season | 1980–81 |
| --- | --- |
| 1979–80 1981–82 | |


title: Marapurani Manishi

abstract: Marapurani Manishi is a 1973 Indian Telugu-language drama film directed by T. Rama Rao. The film stars Akkineni Nageswara Rao and Manjula, with music composed by K. V. Mahadevan. It is a remake of the Malayalam film Odayil Ninnu (1965), which was adapted from the novel of the same name. Nageswara Rao won the Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Telugu for this film.

text:
# Marapurani Manishi

***Marapurani Manishi*** (transl.Memorable Person) is a 1973 Indian Telugu-language drama film directed by T. Rama Rao. The film stars Akkineni Nageswara Rao and Manjula, with music composed by K. V. Mahadevan. It is a remake of the Malayalam film *Odayil Ninnu* (1965), which was adapted from the novel of the same name. Nageswara Rao won the Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Telugu for this film.

## Plot

Abbi is an orphan who is self-esteemed, stands for righteousness, and works as a rickshaw puller. He lives in a colony where everyone credits him for his amiable nature, and hotel owner Rangaiah treats him as his son, but he never seeks help. Abbi falls in love with a beautiful girl, Lakshmi, and they spend time together happily. One night, he helps a family of wealthy man Shankar from heavy rainfall, in return, he invites him and provides good hospitality, including his wife Parvathi and their cute little daughter Ammulu, showers love on him. Whereat, Abbi becomes their debtor, and Ammulu goes to school in his rickshaw when he knows his life ambition of Shankar is to see Ammulu as a graduate. Meanwhile, the wheel of fortune blights Abbi's life when Lakshmi is molested and killed by a goon Ranga. In anger, Abbi slays him and thereby lands in jail.

After release, Rangaiah accommodates him with a rickshaw when he is shocked to spot Ammulu as a beggar and Parvathi as a widow. Here, he learns that Shankar has died and is bankrupt. Now, Abbi dedicates his life to their welfare, and his only aim is to make Ammulu a graduate. Time passes, and Abbi strives hard at the cost of his health, but Ammulu develops aversion and hatred towards him as she is habituated to an affluent lifestyle, yet Abbi does not leave his aim. Years roll by, Abbi almost becomes terminally ill, and Ammulu falls in love with a rich guy, Shekar, which Abbi opposes when Ammulu insults him badly. Parvati berates Ammulu and makes her understand the virtue of Abbi when she realizes her folly and adheres to his word. After that, Abbi toils and succeeds in seeing Ammulu's graduation gown. Meanwhile, Shekar convinces his father, Ananda Rao, and everyone accepts their marriage. Finally, the movie ends with Abbi blessing the newly wedded couple and breathing his last happily.

## Cast

## Soundtrack

Music composed by K. V. Mahadevan.

| S. No. | Song Title | Lyrics | Singers | length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | "Vacchindhi Vacchindhi" | C. Narayana Reddy | Ghantasala | 4:09 |
| 2 | "O Raamayyaa" | Acharya Aatreya | Ghantasala, P. Susheela | 4:22 |
| 3 | "Ekkado Ledule Devudu" | Acharya Aatreya | Ghantasala | 4:01 |
| 4 | "Evade Ee Pillagaadu" | C. Narayana Reddy | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, P. Susheela | 3:58 |
| 5 | "Em Cheppanu" | C. Narayana Reddy | Ghantasala, P. Susheela | 4:19 |

## InfoBox

| Marapurani Manishi | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | T. Rama Rao |
| Written by | Acharya Aatreya (dialogues) |
| Screenplay by | T. Rama Rao |
| Story by | P. Kesava Dev |
| Produced by | N. N. Bhatt |
| Starring | Akkineni Nageswara Rao
Manjula |
| Cinematography | S. Venkataratnam |
| Edited by | J. Krishna Swamy
Balu |
| Music by | K. V. Mahadevan |
| Production
company | Sri Uma Productions |
| Release date | * 23 November 1973 (1973-11-23) |
| Running time | 139 minutes |
| Country | India |
| Language | Telugu |


title: 1971 CFL season

abstract: The 1971 CFL season is considered to be the 18th season in modern-day Canadian football, although it was officially the 14th Canadian Football League season.

text:
# 1971 CFL season

1000km
620miles Alouettes Rough Riders Argonauts Tiger-Cats Blue Bombers Roughriders Eskimos  Stampeders  Lions**Canadian Football League** team locations:  West,  East

The **1971 CFL season** is considered to be the 18th season in modern-day Canadian football, although it was officially the 14th Canadian Football League season.

## CFL News for 1971

The Grey Cup Championship was played on artificial turf for the first time in Vancouver. The BC Lions also wore special "CCC"-logo helmets to commemorate the Canadian Confederation Centennial of British Columbia, the province having entered into Canadian Confederation a hundred years earlier, in 1871. The flower in the centre of the "CCC" logo is the pacific dogwood, the official provincial flower of British Columbia.

All CFL teams had their player's last names appearing on the jersey backs (at shoulder height, above the back number) beginning this season.

This would be the last year until 2006 that the Edmonton Eskimos would miss the playoffs; in the intervening years, they would reach the playoffs for 33 straight years.

## Regular season standings

### Final regular season standings

***Note:** GP = Games Played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, PF = Points For, PA = Points Against, Pts = Points*

**Western Football Conference**
| Team | GP | W | L | T | PF | PA | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Calgary Stampeders** | 16 | 9 | 6 | 1 | 290 | 218 | 19 |
| **Saskatchewan Roughriders** | 16 | 9 | 6 | 1 | 347 | 316 | 19 |
| **Winnipeg Blue Bombers** | 16 | 7 | 8 | 1 | 366 | 349 | 15 |
| BC Lions | 16 | 6 | 9 | 1 | 282 | 363 | 13 |
| Edmonton Eskimos | 16 | 6 | 10 | 0 | 237 | 305 | 12 |

**Eastern Football Conference**
| Team | GP | W | L | T | PF | PA | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Toronto Argonauts** | 14 | 10 | 4 | 0 | 289 | 248 | 20 |
| **Hamilton Tiger-Cats** | 14 | 7 | 7 | 0 | 242 | 246 | 14 |
| **Ottawa Rough Riders** | 14 | 6 | 8 | 0 | 291 | 277 | 12 |
| Montreal Alouettes | 14 | 6 | 8 | 0 | 226 | 248 | 12 |

* Bold text indicates that the team clinched a playoff berth.
* *Calgary and Toronto had first round byes.*

## 1971 Grey Cup Playoffs

### Conference Semi-Finals

**Western Semi-Finals**
| Winnipeg Blue Bombers @ Saskatchewan Roughriders | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Date | Away | Home |
| November 6 | Winnipeg Blue Bombers 23 | **Saskatchewan Roughriders 34** |

**Eastern Semi-Finals**
| Ottawa Rough Riders @ Hamilton Tiger-Cats | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Date | Away | Home |
| November 7 | Ottawa Rough Riders 4 | **Hamilton Tiger-Cats 23** |

### Conference Finals

**Western Finals**
| Saskatchewan Roughriders vs Calgary Stampeders | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Game | Date | Away | Home |
| 1 | November 13 | Saskatchewan Roughriders 21 | **Calgary Stampeders 30** |
| 2 | November 17 | **Calgary Stampeders 23** | Saskatchewan Roughriders 21 |
| *Calgary won best-of-three series 2–0* | | | |

**Eastern Finals**
| Toronto Argonauts vs Hamilton Tiger-Cats | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Game | Date | Away | Home |
| 1 | November 14 | **Toronto Argonauts 23** | Hamilton Tiger-Cats 8 |
| 2 | November 20 | *Hamilton Tiger-Cats 17* | *Toronto Argonauts 17* |
| *Toronto won two-game total-point series 40–25* | | | |

## Playoff bracket

|  | Division Semifinals | | |  |  | Division Finals | | |  |  | 59th Grey Cup | | |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | | |  |  | **E1** | **Toronto Argonauts** | **40**
(23+17) |  |  | | | | |
|  | East | | |  | | | | | | |
|  | |  |  | E2 | Hamilton Tiger Cats | 25
(8+17) |  ||
|  | **E2** | | | | | | **Hamilton Tiger Cats** | **23** |  | |
|  | | | | |  | | | | | |
|  | | E3 | Ottawa Rough Riders | 4 |  ||
|  | | | | |  | E1 | Toronto Argonauts | 11 |  |
|  | | | | | |  | | | | | | | |  |
|  | |  |  | **W1** | **Calgary Stampeders** | **14** |  |
|  |  | | | | | | | |  |  | | | | |
|  | |  | | | | | | |
|  | |  | | | |  |
|  | |  | **W1** | | **Calgary Stampeders** | **2**
(30,23) |  |
|  | | | | | | West | | |  |
|  | |  |  | W2 | Saskatchewan Roughriders | 0
(21,21) |  |
|  | | | | | | | **W2** | **Saskatchewan Roughriders** | **34** |  |
|  | | | | |  | | | | |
|  | | W3 | Winnipeg Blue Bombers | 23 |  |

### Grey Cup Championship

| November 28 *59th Annual Grey Cup Game*: Empire StadiumVancouver, British Columbia | |
| --- | --- |
| Western Champion | Eastern Champion |
| **Calgary Stampeders 14** | Toronto Argonauts 11 |
| ***The Calgary Stampeders were 1971 Grey Cup Champions*** | |
|  | |

## 1971 CFL All-Stars

### Offence

### Defence

## 1971 Eastern All-Stars

### Offence

### Defence

## 1971 Western All-Stars

### Offence

### Defence

## 1971 CFL Awards

## InfoBox

| 1971 CFL season | |
| --- | --- |
| East champions | Toronto Argonauts |
| West champions | Calgary Stampeders |
| 59th Grey Cup | |
| Champions | Calgary Stampeders |


title: Stromatoneurospora

abstract: Stromatoneurospora is a genus of fungi in the family Xylariaceae.

text:
# Stromatoneurospora

***Stromatoneurospora*** is a genus of fungi in the family Xylariaceae.

## InfoBox

| *Stromatoneurospora* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Ascomycetes |
| Order: | Xylariales |
| Family: | Xylariaceae |
| Genus: | ***Stromatoneurospora***
S.C. Jong & E.E. Davis |
|
| Type species | |
| *Stromatoneurospora phoenix*
(Kunze) S.C. Jong & E.E. Davis | |


title: William Amherst, 2nd Earl Amherst

abstract: William Pitt Amherst, 2nd Earl Amherst, styled Viscount Holmesdale between 1826 and 1857, was a British peer. Amherst was born at Lower Grosvenor Street, London, the son of William Amherst, 1st Earl Amherst, by his first wife Sarah, daughter of Andrew Archer, 2nd Baron Archer. He was educated at Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford. He became known by the courtesy title Viscount Holmesdale when his father was elevated to an earldom in 1826. In 1829 he was returned to parliament as one of two representatives for East Grinstead, a seat he held until 1832, when the constituency was abolished by the Great Reform Act. He never returned to the House of Commons. In 1857 he succeeded his father in the earldom and took his seat in the House of Lords. Lord Amherst married Gertrude, daughter of the Right Reverend Hugh Percy, in 1834. They had six sons and five daughters, including William Amherst and Josceline Amherst. He died at Montreal Park, Sevenoaks, Kent, in March 1886, aged 80. He was succeeded in his titles by his eldest son, William. The Countess Amherst died at Rutland Gate, London, in April 1890, aged 75.

text:
# William Amherst, 2nd Earl Amherst

**William Pitt Amherst, 2nd Earl Amherst** (3 September 1805 – 26 March 1886), styled **Viscount Holmesdale** between 1826 and 1857, was a British peer.

Amherst was born at Lower Grosvenor Street, London, the son of William Amherst, 1st Earl Amherst, by his first wife Sarah, daughter of Andrew Archer, 2nd Baron Archer. He was educated at Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford. He became known by the courtesy title Viscount Holmesdale when his father was elevated to an earldom in 1826. In 1829 he was returned to parliament as one of two representatives for East Grinstead, a seat he held until 1832, when the constituency was abolished by the Great Reform Act. He never returned to the House of Commons. In 1857 he succeeded his father in the earldom and took his seat in the House of Lords.

Lord Amherst married Gertrude, daughter of the Right Reverend Hugh Percy, in 1834. They had six sons and five daughters, including William Amherst and Josceline Amherst. He died at Montreal Park, Sevenoaks, Kent, in March 1886, aged 80. He was succeeded in his titles by his eldest son, William. The Countess Amherst died at Rutland Gate, London, in April 1890, aged 75.


# Three-cushion billiards at the 2001 World Games – men's singles

The men's singles three-cushion billiards competition at the 2001 World Games took place from 22 to 26 August 2001 at the Selion Plaza in Akita, Japan.

## Last 16

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Dick Jaspers** | **40**–17 | Zayed Mohamed |
| **Sung Chul Jang** | **40**–34 | Luis Miguel Avila Banuelos |
| **Jaime Bedoya** | **40**–20 | Jean-Paul de Bruijn |
| Yung Kuo Yuan | 28–**40** | **Eddy Merckx** |
| Tatsuo Arai | 26–**40** | **Ramon Rodriguez** |
| Takamitsu Arakawa | 32–**40** | **Daniel Sánchez** |
| **Sang Lee** | **40**–29 | Martin Horn |
| **Jesus Lara Gonzalez** | **40**–21 | Semih Saygıner |

## Last 8

## InfoBox

| Three-cushion billiards men's singles <br>at the 2001 World Games | |
| --- | --- |
| Venue | Selion Plaza, Akita, Japan |
| Dates | 22–26 August 2001 |
| Competitors | 16 from 13 nations |
| Medalists | |
|  | |
|


title: Otto Manninen

abstract: Otto Manninen was a Finnish writer, poet, and a celebrated translator of world classics into Finnish language. Along with Eino Leino in the early 20th century, he is considered as a pioneer of Finnish poetry. Manninen translated the works of Homer, Sophocles, Euripides, Heine, Ibsen, Petőfi and Runeberg into Finnish.

text:
# Otto Manninen

**Otto Manninen** (13 August 1872, Kangasniemi – 6 April 1950, Helsinki) was a Finnish writer, poet, and a celebrated translator of world classics into Finnish language. Along with Eino Leino in the early 20th century, he is considered as a pioneer of Finnish poetry. Manninen translated the works of Homer, Sophocles, Euripides, Heine, Ibsen, Petőfi and Runeberg into Finnish.

## Life

Manninen was born in Kangasniemi as a farmer's son. He was one of the ten children of Topias and Matilda Manninen. After passing the matriculation examination in 1892, he was admitted into the University of Helsinki, receiving his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1897. From 1898-99 he was an assistant editor of the periodical *Valvoja*. His early translations of Heinrich Heine were published in *Koitar*, the student magazine of the university, in 1897. Parts of Heine's *Saksanmaa* (*Deutschland. Ein Wintermärchen*) were published in *Valvoja* in 1900 while the complete translation was published in 1904.

From 1907–1909 Manninen worked for the Finnish National Theatre. In 1913 he became a teacher of Finnish language at the University of Helsinki, where he remained until 1937. Manninen was a member of editorial staff of several non-fiction books, including an encyclopedia named *Tietosanakirja* (1909–21), and the chairperson of the National Council for Literature for nearly fifteen years. During the Civil War (1918), Manninen supported the legal government and was a member of the Civil Guards.

On 10 February 1907, Manninen married Anni Swan, a noted author of fairy tales and children's books. They had three sons, Antero (1907–2000), Sulevi (1909–36), and Mauno (1915–1969). From the 1910s on, the Manninen family spent their summers on the island of Kotavuori in Puulavesi, where they built a house. In the serene environment of Kotavuori, Manninen spent most of his time writing poems and completing his translations.

In 1939, he received the Hungarian PEN Club medal. Manninen died in Helsinki on 6 April 1950 after a short period of illness. In 1954, his statue by the sculptor Wäinö Aaltonen was installed in Mikkeli.

## Literary works

Manninen's first anthology of poems *Säkeitä I* was published in 1905. A number of poems from this collection had already appeared in other anthologies. In this work, Manninen used his huge vocabulary of old written language, to archaisms and his own neologisms, which went unnoticed. The reviews considered it difficult due to its compressed expression.

Manninen published his works at long intervals. In 1910, his second collection of poems, *Säkeitä II* was published. Again, it took another 15 years to finish his next work, *Virrantyven* (1925). *Virrantyven* mostly consists of the poems written on various anniversaries, translations, and patriotic poems written in the aftermath of the Civil War of 1918.

Manninen's last collection of poems during his lifetime, *Matkamies*, was published in 1938. It included several poems, such as *Nyt* (now) and *Kaukainen tie* (distant road), which dealt with the loss of his son Sulevi. In these poems, Manninen described him as a guiding star, helping his father to accept his own fate. An anthology of his poems, *Muistojen tie*, was published posthumously from the poet's literary estate in 1951.

Manninen translated a number of world classics into Finnish, including Sophocles's Oedipus Rex (1937), Euripides's Medeia (1949), Homer's Iliad (1919) and Odyssey (1924) and Goethe's Faust (second part 1934, first part 1936) and Hermann and Dorothea (1929). In his translations, Manninen tried to be faithful to the original.

He translated a number of works of the Swedish-speaking national poet of Finland, Johan Ludvig Runeberg. He along with Juhani Aho, Paavo Cajander, Arvi Jännes, Eino Leino and Alpo Noponen translated Runeberg's *Fänrik Ståls sägner* (*Vänrikki Stoolin tarinat* in Finnish) in 1909. He translated also Runebarg's *Hanna* (1940), *Kung Fjalar* (1944) and *Nadeschda* (1948).

## InfoBox

| Otto Manninen | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1872-08-13)13 August 1872
Kangasniemi, Grand Duchy of Finland |
| Died | 6 April 1950(1950-04-06) (aged 77)
Helsinki, Finland |
| Language | Finnish |
| Alma mater | Helsinki University |
| Spouse | Anni Swan (1907–) |


title: Nikola Đuran

abstract: Nikola Đuran was a Croatian priest of the Catholic Church who served as a capitular vicar of the Diocese of Trebinje-Mrkan, residing in Dubrovnik from 1838 to 1839. Đuran was born in Dubrovnik, where he was educated. He was ordained a priest on 1 October 1815. Before becoming a canon of the Archdiocese of Dubrovnik, he held various church duties. After the death of the previous capitular vicar of Trebinje-Mrkan, Dominik Sokolović, the Dubrovnik chapter appointed Đuran as his successor on 7 October 1837. At the time of his appointment, the Archdiocese of Dubrovnik's status was diminished to that of a diocese. Đuran's appointment was invalid since the Diocese of Dubrovnik lost the status of a metropolitan seat. Therefore, for Đuran's appointment to be valid, they needed the Pope's and the Austrian Emperor's approval. Though the appointment of Đuran was uncanonical, the Austrian government put pressure on Pope Gregory XVI to approve the decision of the Dubrovnik chapter. The clergy of the Diocese of Trebinje-Mrkan opposed such an appointment and instead chose their fellow Vidoje Maslać as an interim capitular vicar. The clergy of Dubrovnik didn't acknowledge their will. The Pope confirmed Đuran's appointment on 13 June 1838, while the Austrian Emperor confirmed it on 3 August 1838. Đuran ascertained the clergy of Trebinje-Mrkan of these confirmations on 10 September 1838. Đuran's vicariate didn't last for long, as the Pope gave the administration over the Diocese of Trebinje-Mrkan to the bishop of Dubrovnik on 30 September 1939. Đuran died in Dubrovnik and is buried in the Saint Ignatius church in Dubrovnik.

text:
# Nikola Đuran

**Nikola Đuran** (30 June 1792  16 August 1862) was a Croatian priest of the Catholic Church who served as a capitular vicar of the Diocese of Trebinje-Mrkan, residing in Dubrovnik from 1838 to 1839.

Đuran was born in Dubrovnik, where he was educated. He was ordained a priest on 1 October 1815. Before becoming a canon of the Archdiocese of Dubrovnik, he held various church duties. After the death of the previous capitular vicar of Trebinje-Mrkan, Dominik Sokolović, the Dubrovnik chapter appointed Đuran as his successor on 7 October 1837. At the time of his appointment, the Archdiocese of Dubrovnik's status was diminished to that of a diocese. Đuran's appointment was invalid since the Diocese of Dubrovnik lost the status of a metropolitan seat. Therefore, for Đuran's appointment to be valid, they needed the Pope's and the Austrian Emperor's approval. Though the appointment of Đuran was uncanonical, the Austrian government put pressure on Pope Gregory XVI to approve the decision of the Dubrovnik chapter.

The clergy of the Diocese of Trebinje-Mrkan opposed such an appointment and instead chose their fellow Vidoje Maslać as an interim capitular vicar. The clergy of Dubrovnik didn't acknowledge their will. The Pope confirmed Đuran's appointment on 13 June 1838, while the Austrian Emperor confirmed it on 3 August 1838. Đuran ascertained the clergy of Trebinje-Mrkan of these confirmations on 10 September 1838. Đuran's vicariate didn't last for long, as the Pope gave the administration over the Diocese of Trebinje-Mrkan to the bishop of Dubrovnik on 30 September 1939.

Đuran died in Dubrovnik and is buried in the Saint Ignatius church in Dubrovnik.

* Krešić, Milenko (2012). *Don Vidoje Maslać i Trebinjsko-mrkanska biskupija (1795.-1862.)* \[*Fr. Vidoje Maslać and the Diocese of Trebinje-Mrkan*\] (in Croatian). Trebinje: Župni ured Trebinje. ISBN 9539864275.
* Puljić, Ivica (2009). *Hrvati katolici donje Hercegovine i Istočna kriza - Hercegovački ustanak (1875.-1878.)* \[*Croat Catholics of lower Herzegovina and Eastern Crisis - Herzegovinian Uprising (1875-1878)*\] (in Croatian). Dubrovnik-Neum: Državni arhiv Dubrovnik-Zaklada Ruđer Bošković-Donja Hercegovina. ISBN 9539864275.

## InfoBox

| Reverend
Nikola Đuran | |
| --- | --- |
| Capitular Vicar of Trebinje-Mrkan | |
| Church | Catholic Church |
| Diocese | Trebinje-Mrkan |
| Appointed | 7 October 1837 |
| Installed | 13 June 1838 |
| Term ended | 30 September 1839 |
| Predecessor | Dominik Sokolović |
| Successor | Antun Giuriceo (as apostolic administrator) |
| Other post(s) | Canon |
| Orders | |
| Ordination | 1 October 1815 |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1792-06-30)30 June 1792
Dubrovnik, Republic of Ragusa |
| Died | 16 August 1862(1862-08-16) (aged 70)
Dubrovnik, Dalmatia, Austria |
| Buried | Dubrovnik, Croatia |
| Denomination | Catholic |
| Residence | Dubrovnik |


title: Oostplein metro station

abstract: Oostplein is an underground station in the city of Rotterdam, located on the Rotterdam Metro lines A, B, and C. The station opened on 10 May 1982, the same date that the East-West Line, of which it is a part, was opened. The station is located near the border between the city center and Kralingen-Crooswijk borough, and is below the former site of the De Noord mill. Overground people can get on at RET-Rotterdam tram lines 7 and 21.

text:
# Oostplein metro station

**Oostplein** is an underground station in the city of Rotterdam, located on the Rotterdam Metro lines A, B, and C. The station opened on 10 May 1982, the same date that the East-West Line (also formerly called the Caland line), of which it is a part, was opened.

The station is located near the border between the city center and Kralingen-Crooswijk borough, and is below the former site of the De Noord mill. Overground people can get on at RET-Rotterdam tram lines 7 and 21.

## InfoBox

| Oostplein | |
| --- | --- |
| Rotterdam Metro station | |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Coordinates | 51°55′23″N 4°29′49″E / 51.92306°N 4.49694°E / 51.92306; 4.49694 |
| Owned by | RET |
| Tracks | 2 |
| Construction | |
| Structure type | Underground |
| History | |
| Opened | 1982 |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station Rotterdam Metro Following station  Blaaktowards Vlaardingen West  Line ANot on evenings and early weekend mornings  Gerdesiawegtowards Binnenhof  Blaaktowards Hoek van Holland Strand  Line B  Gerdesiawegtowards Nesselande  Blaaktowards De Akkers  Line C  Gerdesiawegtowards De Terp | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


abstract: Legislative Assembly elections were held in the Indian state of West Bengal in 1982. The Left Front, which had won the 1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election, emerged victoriously. The Indian National Congress emerged as the main opposition party in the state, as the Janata Party was disintegrating.

text:
# 1982 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election

**Legislative Assembly elections** were held in the Indian state of West Bengal in 1982. The Left Front, which had won the 1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election, emerged victoriously. The Indian National Congress emerged as the main opposition party in the state, as the Janata Party was disintegrating.

## Background

On 6 January 1982 the West Bengal government requested that assembly elections be held on 15 March 1982, due to the approaching Monsoon season starting in April. However, in the end the election was held in May 1982, parallel to state assembly elections in Kerala, Himachal Pradesh and Haryana.

## Left Front

Ahead of the 1982 assembly elections, the Left Front had gained three new members; the Communist Party of India (CPI), the West Bengal Socialist Party (WBSP) and the Democratic Socialist Party (DSP). Some of the older, smaller Left Front constituents were uncomfortable with the expansion of the alliance, claiming that CPI(M) was diluting it politically. There were also disagreements on distribution of ministerial portfolios after the expansion of the alliance. The Left Front campaign was heavily centred on the success of its land reform program & its empowerment of rural areas by conducting elections to the newly formed 3-tier panchayat system in 1978.

## Congress (I)-Congress (S) alliance

As of the early 1980s the Congress(I) was heavily divided in West Bengal. Divisions existed in each of the appointed *ad hoc* district committees across the state.

In 1978 Sharad Pawar named former West Bengal Congress leader Priya Ranjan Dasmunsi as president of the West Bengal Pradesh Congress Committee (Socialist). However Congress(I) and Congress(S) contested the 1982 in alliance. The IC(S) performed poorly in the 1982 assembly elections and a merger of the West Bengal units of the Congress(S) into the Congress(I) took place soon after the 1982 polls.

Congress(I) emerged as the largest opposition party in the election. Most of the seats previously held by the Janata Party were won by Congress(I) while also retaining the seats held by the Congress(R). With the Janata Party eradicated from the assembly, West Bengal politics became polarized between the Left Front and Congress(I) for many years until 1998.

## Bharatiya Janata Party

The Bharatiya Janata Party contested the West Bengal assembly election for the first time in 1982. The primary objective of the party was to create a nucleus for a future third force in West Bengal politics. The party supported the call of the West Bengal government to hold the elections in March 1982.

## Gorkhaland agitation

In the wake of the 1980 Gorkhaland movement, a poll boycott campaign took place in the Darjeeling hills with the slogan "No State, No Vote". Organizations calling for a poll boycott included the Pranta Parishad and the Gorkha National Liberation Front of Subhash Ghisingh. Voter participation in Darjeeling stood at 59.40%, compared to the statewide 76.96%. CPI(M) emerged as the sole party of relevance in the hills to oppose a separate Gorkhaland state. CPI(M) won three out of the four assembly seats in the Nepali-dominated areas, the fourth going to an All India Gorkha League candidate (contesting as an independent).

## Results

The Left Front emerged victorious, winning 238 out of 294 seats in the election. The combined Left Front vote was 11,869,003 votes (52.7% of the votes cast in the state).

According to an unnamed Western diplomat, quoted in *India Today* in regards to the polls, "Bengali democracy has come really close to the East European variant of the 'people's democracy' where nobody expects an upsetting victory or defeat". Nevertheless, whilst the overall outcome was a landslide victory for the Left Front, the left also suffered a number of set-backs. Six incumbent Left Front ministers were defeated in their respective constituencies. The CPI(M) Information Minister Buddhadev Bhattacharya lost the Cossipur seat to Congress(I) candidate Prafulla Kanti Ghosh by 728 votes. The CPI(M) Education Minister Partha De, noted for his policy of removing English language from the primary school curriculum, lost the Bankura seat. The incumbent Food Minister, the Revolutionary Communist Party of India leader Sudhindranath Kumar, lost his seat Howrah Central. Finance Minister and CPI(M) heavy-weight Ashok Mitra lost the Rash Behari Avenue seat to Congress(I) candidate Haimi Bose. As Finance Minister Mitra had cracked down on the Sanchaita Savings Company, whose 'get-rich-quick' scheme had some 4,000 depositors in his constituency.

In Calcutta Congress(I) managed to win 11 out of 22 seats. Santosh Rana of the Provisional Central Committee, Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) lost his Gopiballavpur seat to CPI(M).

The ninth West Bengal Legislative Assembly was constituted on 24 May 1982. CPI(M) leader Jyoti Basu remained as Chief Minister, being sworn in for a second term. Hasim Abdul Halim of CPI(M) became speaker of the Legislative Assembly, a post he would hold until 2011.

| Party | | Candidates | Seats | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Left Front | Communist Party of India (Marxist) | 209 | 174 | 8,655,371 | 38.49 |
| | All India Forward Bloc | 34 | 28 | 1,327,849 | 5.90 |
| | Revolutionary Socialist Party | 23 | 19 | 901,723 | 4.01 |
| | Communist Party of India | 12 | 7 | 407,660 | 1.81 |
| | Revolutionary Communist Party of India | 3 | 2 | 106,973 | 0.48 |
| | Marxist Forward Bloc | 2 | 2 | 80,307 | 0.36 |
| | Biplobi Bangla Congress | 1 | 0 | 34,185 | 0.15 |
| | West Bengal Socialist Party and
Democratic Socialist Party | 10 | 6 | 354,935 | 1.58 |
| Indian National Congress (I) | | 250 | 49 | 8,035,272 | 35.73 |
| Indian Congress (Socialist) | | 28 | 4 | 885,535 | 3.94 |
| Socialist Unity Centre of India | | 34 | 2 | 232,573 | 1.03 |
| Janata Party | | 93 | 0 | 187,513 | 0.83 |
| Bharatiya Janata Party | | 52 | 0 | 129,994 | 0.58 |
| Indian Union Muslim League | | 4 | 0 | 129,116 | 0.57 |
| Lok Dal | | 16 | 0 | 22,361 | 0.10 |
| Jharkhand Mukti Morcha | | 1 | 0 | 1,268 | 0.01 |
| Independents | | 432 | 1 | 994,701 | 4.42 |
| **Total** | | **1,204** | **294** | **22,487,336** | **100** |
| Source: ECI | | | | | |

## Elected members

| Constituency | Reserved for
(SC/ST/None) | Member | Party | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Mekliganj | SC | Sada Kanta Roy |  | All India Forward Bloc |
| Sitalkuchi | SC | Sudhir Pramanik |  | Communist Party of India |
| Mathabhanga | SC | Dinesh Chandra Dakua |  | Communist Party of India |
| Cooch Behar North | None | Aparajita Goppi |  | All India Forward Bloc |
| Cooch Behar West | None | Bimal Kanti Basu |  | All India Forward Bloc |
| Sitai | None | Dipak Sen Gupta |  | All India Forward Bloc |
| Dinhata | None | Kamal Guha |  | All India Forward Bloc |
| Natabari | None | Sibendra Narayan Chowdhury |  | Communist Party of India |
| Tufanganj | SC | Manindra Nath Barma |  | Communist Party of India |
| Kumargram | ST | Subodh Uraon |  | Revolutionary Socialist Party |
| Kalchini | ST | Manohar Tirkey |  | Revolutionary Socialist Party |
| Alipurduars | None | Nani Bhattacharya |  | Revolutionary Socialist Party |
| Falakata | SC | Jogendra Nath Singh Roy |  | Communist Party of India |
| Madarihat | ST | Sushil Kujur |  | Revolutionary Socialist Party |
| Dhupguri | SC | Banamali Roy |  | Communist Party of India |
| Nagrakata | ST | Punai Uraon |  | Communist Party of India |
| Mainaguri | SC | Tarak Bandhu Roy |  | Revolutionary Socialist Party |
| Mal | ST | Mohanlal Oraon |  | Communist Party of India |
| Kranti | None | Parimal Mitra |  | Communist Party of India |
| Jalpaiguri | None | Nirmal Bose |  | All India Forward Bloc |
| Rayganj | SC | Dhirendra Nath Ray |  | Communist Party of India |
| Kalimpong | None | Renu Leena Subba |  | Independent |
| Darjeeling | None | Dawa Lama |  | Communist Party of India |
| Kurseong | None | H. B. Rai |  | Communist Party of India |
| Siliguri | None | Biren Bose |  | Communist Party of India |
| Phansidewa | ST | Patras Minz |  | Communist Party of India |
| Chopra | None | Mahammad Bacha Munshi |  | Communist Party of India |
| Islampur | None | Choudhary Md. Abdulkarim |  | Indian National Congress |
| Goalpokhar | None | Mohammad Ramjan Ali |  | All India Forward Bloc |
| Karandighi | None | Suresh Singha |  | All India Forward Bloc |
| Raiganj | SC | Dipendra Barman |  | Indian National Congress |
| Kaliaganj | SC | Naba Kumar Roy |  | Indian National Congress |
| Kushmandi | SC | Dhirendra Nath Sarkar |  | Indian National Congress |
| Itahar | None | Abedin Zainal |  | Indian Congress |
| Gangarampur | None | Moslehuddin Ahmed |  | Indian Congress |
| Tapan | ST | Khara Soren |  | Revolutionary Socialist Party |
| Kumarganj | None | Dwijendra Nath Ray |  | Communist Party of India |
| Balurghat | None | Biswanath Choudhury |  | Revolutionary Socialist Party |
| Habibpur | ST | Sarkar Murmu |  | Communist Party of India |
| Gajol | ST | Sufal Murmu |  | Communist Party of India |
| Kharba | None | Mahbubul Hoque |  | Indian National Congress |
| Harishchandrapur | None | Abdul Wahed |  | Indian National Congress |
| Ratua | None | Samar Mukherjee |  | Indian National Congress |
| Araidanga | None | Habib Mustafa |  | Communist Party of India |
| Malda | SC | Phani Bhusan Roy |  | Indian National Congress |
| Englishbazar | None | Sailen Sarkar |  | Communist Party of India |
| Manikchak | None | Jokhilal Mandal |  | Indian National Congress |
| Suzapur | None | Humayoun Chowdhury |  | Indian National Congress |
| Kaliachak | None | Promode Ranjan Bose |  | Communist Party of India |
| Farakka | None | Abul Hasnat Khan |  | Communist Party of India |
| Aurangabad | None | Lutfal Haque |  | Indian National Congress |
| Suti | None | Shish Mohammad |  | Revolutionary Socialist Party |
| Sagardighi | SC | Biswas Hazari |  | Communist Party of India |
| Jangipur | None | Habibur Rahaman |  | Indian National Congress |
| Lalgola | None | Abdus Sattar |  | Indian National Congress |
| Bhagabangola | None | Kazi Hafizur Rahman |  | Indian National Congress |
| Nabagram | None | Birendra Narayan Ray |  | Communist Party of India |
| Murshidabad | None | Chhaya Ghosh |  | All India Forward Bloc |
| Jalangi | None | Atahar Rahaman |  | Communist Party of India |
| Domkal | None | Md. Abdul Bari |  | Communist Party of India |
| Naoda | None | Jayanta Kumar Biswas |  | Revolutionary Socialist Party |
| Hariharpara | None | Sk. Imajuddin |  | Indian National Congress |
| Berhampore | None | Debabrata Bandapadhyay |  | Revolutionary Socialist Party |
| Beldanga | None | Nurual Islam Choudhury |  | Indian National Congress |
| Kandi | None | Atish Chandra Sinha |  | Indian National Congress |
| Khargram | SC | Dinabandhu Majhi |  | Communist Party of India |
| Barwan | None | Amalendra Roy |  | Revolutionary Socialist Party |
| Bharatpur | None | Satyapada Bhattacharya |  | Revolutionary Socialist Party |
| Karimpur | None | Chittaranjan Biswas |  | Communist Party of India |
| Palashipara | None | Madhabendu Mahanta |  | Communist Party of India |
| Nakashipara | None | Mir Fakir Mohammad |  | Communist Party of India |
| Kaliganj | None | Debsaran Ghosh |  | Revolutionary Socialist Party |
| Chapra | None | Sahabuddin Mondal |  | Communist Party of India |
| Krishnaganj | SC | Jnanendra Nath Biswas |  | Communist Party of India |
| Krishnagar East | None | Sadhan Chattopadhy Y |  | Communist Party of India |
| Krishnagar West | None | Amritendu Mukhopadhyay |  | Communist Party of India |
| Nabadwip | None | Debi Prasad Basu |  | Communist Party of India |
| Santipur | None | Bimalananda Mukherjee |  | Independent |
| Hanskhali | SC | Sukumar Mandal |  | Communist Party of India |
| Ranaghat East | SC | Satish Biswas |  | Communist Party of India |
| Ranaghat West | None | Gourchandra Kundu |  | Communist Party of India |
| Chakdaha | None | Subhas Basu |  | Communist Party of India |
| Haringhata | None | Nanigopal Malakar |  | Communist Party of India |
| Bagdaha | SC | Kamalakshmi Biswas |  | All India Forward Bloc |
| Bongaon | None | Bhupendra Nath Seth |  | Indian National Congress |
| Gaighata | None | Kanti Biswar |  | Communist Party of India |
| Habra | None | Nirode Roy Choudhury |  | Communist Party of India |
| Ashokenagar | None | Nani Kar |  | Communist Party of India |
| Amdanga | None | Hashim Abdul Halim |  | Communist Party of India |
| Barasat | None | Saral Deb |  | All India Forward Bloc |
| Rajarhat | SC | Rabindra Nath Mandal |  | Communist Party of India |
| Deganga | None | Martaza Hossain |  | All India Forward Bloc |
| Swarupnagar | None | Anisur Rahaman Biswas |  | Communist Party of India |
| Baduria | None | Quazi Abdul Gaffar |  | Indian National Congress |
| Basirhat | None | Narayandas Mukherjee |  | Communist Party of India |
| Hasnabad | None | Amiya Bhusan Banerjee |  | Communist Party of India |
| Haroa | SC | Kshiti Ranjan Mondal |  | Communist Party of India |
| Sandeshkhali | SC | Kumud Ranjan Biswas |  | Communist Party of India |
| Hingalganj | SC | Sudhangshu Sekhar Mondal |  | Communist Party of India |
| Gosaba | SC | Ganesh Mondal |  | Revolutionary Socialist Party |
| Basanti | SC | Subhas Naskar |  | Revolutionary Socialist Party |
| Kultali | SC | Prabodh Purkait |  | Socialist Unity Centre of India |
| Joynagar | None | Deva Prasad Sarkar |  | Socialist Unity Centre of India |
| Baruipur | None | Hemen Mojumdar |  | Communist Party of India |
| Canning West | SC | Chitta Ranjan Mridha |  | Communist Party of India |
| Canning East | None | Abdur Razzak Molla |  | Communist Party of India |
| Bhangar | None | Daud Khan |  | Communist Party of India |
| Jadavpur | None | Sankar Gupta |  | Communist Party of India |
| Sonarpur | SC | Gangadhar Naskar |  | Communist Party of India |
| Bishnupur East | SC | Sundar Naskar |  | Communist Party of India |
| Bishnupur West | None | Provash Chandra Roy |  | Communist Party of India |
| Behala East | None | Niranjan Mukherjee |  | Communist Party of India |
| Behala West | None | Rabin Mukherjee |  | Communist Party of India |
| Garden Reach | None | Shamsuzzoha |  | Indian National Congress |
| Maheshtala | None | Mir Abdus Sayeed |  | Communist Party of India |
| Budge Budge | None | Kshitibhusan Roybarman |  | Communist Party of India |
| Satgachia | None | Jyoti Basu |  | Communist Party of India |
| Falta | None | Nimai Das |  | Communist Party of India |
| Diamond Harbour | None | Abdul Quiyam Molla |  | Communist Party of India |
| Magrahat West | None | Abdus Sobahan Gazi |  | Communist Party of India |
| Magrahat East | SC | Radhika Ranjan Pramanik |  | Communist Party of India |
| Mandirbazar | SC | Subhash Chandra Ray |  | Communist Party of India |
| Mathurapur | None | Satya Ranjan Bapuli |  | Indian National Congress |
| Kulpi | SC | Krishandhan Halder |  | Communist Party of India |
| Patharpratima | None | Gunadhar Maity |  | Communist Party of India |
| Kakdwip | None | Hrishikesh Maity |  | Communist Party of India |
| Sagar | None | Prabhanjan Kumar Mandal |  | Communist Party of India |
| Bijpur | None | Jagadish Chandra Das |  | Communist Party of India |
| Naihati | None | Ajit Basu |  | Communist Party of India |
| Bhatpara | None | Sitaram Gupta |  | Communist Party of India |
| Jagatdal | None | Nihar Basu |  | All India Forward Bloc |
| Noapara | None | Jamini Saha |  | Communist Party of India |
| Titagarh | None | Ganga Prasad Sha |  | Indian National Congress |
| Khardah | None | Kamal Sarkar |  | Communist Party of India |
| Panihati | None | Gopal Krishna Bhattacharyya |  | Communist Party of India |
| Kamarhati | None | Radhika Ranjan Baneji |  | Communist Party of India |
| Baranagar | None | Matish Roy |  | Revolutionary Socialist Party |
| Dum Dum | None | Santi Ranjan Ghatak |  | Communist Party of India |
| Belgachia East | None | Subhas Chakraborty |  | Communist Party of India |
| Cossipur | None | Prafullya Kanti Ghosh |  | Indian National Congress |
| Shyampukur | None | Kiran Chaudhuri |  | Indian National Congress |
| Jorabagan | None | Subrata Mukherjee |  | Indian National Congress |
| Jorasanko | None | Deokinnandan Poddar |  | Indian National Congress |
| Bara Bazar | None | Rajesh Khaitan |  | Indian National Congress |
| Bow Bazar | None | Abdul Rauf Ansari |  | Indian National Congress |
| Chowringhee | None | Sisir Kumar Bose |  | Indian National Congress |
| Kabitirtha | None | Kalimuddin Shams |  | All India Forward Bloc |
| Alipore | None | Anup Kumar Chandra |  | Indian National Congress |
| Rashbehari Avenue | None | Hoimi Basu |  | Indian National Congress |
| Tollygunge | None | Prasanta Kumar Sur |  | Communist Party of India |
| Dhakuria | None | Jatin Chakraborty |  | Revolutionary Socialist Party |
| Ballygunge | None | Sachin Sen |  | Communist Party of India |
| Entally | None | Md. Nizamuddin |  | Communist Party of India |
| Taltola | SC | Sumanta Kumar Hira |  | Communist Party of India |
| Beliaghata | None | Krishna Pada Ghosh |  | Communist Party of India |
| Sealdah | None | Somendra Nath Mitra |  | Indian National Congress |
| Vidyasagar | None | Lakshmi Kant Dey |  | Communist Party of India |
| Burtola | None | Ajit Kumar Panja |  | Indian National Congress |
| Manicktola | None | Shyamal Chakrabarty |  | Communist Party of India |
| Belgachia West | None | Rathindra Nath Roy |  | Communist Party of India |
| Bally | None | Patit Paban Pathak |  | Communist Party of India |
| Howrah North | None | Ashoke Ghosh |  | Indian National Congress |
| Howrah Central | None | Ambica Banerjee |  | Indian National Congress |
| Howrah South | None | Pralay Talukdar |  | Communist Party of India |
| Shibpur | None | Kanailal Bhattacharya |  | All India Forward Bloc |
| Domjur | None | Joykesh Mukherjee |  | Communist Party of India |
| Jagatballavpur | None | M.ansaruddin |  | Communist Party of India |
| Panchla | None | Anwar Ali Sk. |  | Indian National Congress |
| Sankrail | SC | Haran Hazra |  | Communist Party of India |
| Uluberia North | SC | Raj Kumar Mondal |  | Communist Party of India |
| Uluberia South | None | Rabindra Ghosh |  | All India Forward Bloc |
| Shyampur | None | Gourhari Adak |  | All India Forward Bloc |
| Bagnan | None | Nerupama Chatterjee |  | Communist Party of India |
| Kalyanpur | None | Nitai Charan Adak |  | Communist Party of India |
| Amta | None | Barindra Nath Koley |  | Communist Party of India |
| Udaynarayanpur | None | Pannalal Maji |  | Communist Party of India |
| Jangipara | None | Manindra Nath Jana |  | Communist Party of India |
| Chanditala | None | Malin Ghose |  | Communist Party of India |
| Uttarpara | None | Santasri Chattapadhyay |  | Communist Party of India |
| Serampore | None | Arun Kumar Goswami |  | Indian National Congress |
| Champdani | None | Sailendra Nath Chattopadhyay |  | Communist Party of India |
| Chandernagore | None | Bhabani Mukherjee |  | Communist Party of India |
| Singur | None | Tarapada Sadhykhan |  | Indian National Congress |
| Haripal | None | Balai Bandyopadhya |  | Communist Party of India |
| Tarakeswar | None | Ram Chatterjee |  | Independent |
| Chinsurah | None | Ghosh Sambhu Charan |  | All India Forward Bloc |
| Bansberia | None | Prabir Sengupta |  | Communist Party of India |
| Balagarh | SC | Abinash Pramanik |  | Communist Party of India |
| Pandua | None | Chakraborty Deb Narayan |  | Communist Party of India |
| Polba | None | Brajo Gopal Neogy |  | Communist Party of India |
| Dhaniakhali | SC | Kripa Sindhu Saha |  | All India Forward Bloc |
| Pursurah | None | Santi Mohun Roy |  | Indian National Congress |
| Khanakul | SC | Sachindra Nath Hajra |  | Communist Party of India |
| Arambagh | None | Abdul Mannan |  | Indian National Congress |
| Goghat | SC | Shiba Parsad Malick |  | All India Forward Bloc |
| Chandrakona | None | Umpati Chakraborty |  | Communist Party of India |
| Ghatal | SC | Gopal Mandal |  | Communist Party of India |
| Daspur | None | Prabhas Poodikar |  | Communist Party of India |
| Nandanpur | None | Chhaya Bera |  | Communist Party of India |
| Panskura West | None | Omar Ali |  | Communist Party of India |
| Panskura East | None | Swadesranjan Maji |  | Independent |
| Tamluk | None | Biswanath Mukherjee |  | Communist Party of India |
| Moyna | None | Pulak Bera |  | Communist Party of India |
| Mahishadal | None | Dinabandu Mondal |  | Communist Party of India |
| Sutahata | SC | Lakshman Chandra Seth |  | Communist Party of India |
| Nandigram | None | Bhupal Panda |  | Communist Party of India |
| Narghat | None | Bankim Behari Maity |  | Independent |
| Bhagabanpur | None | Prasanta Kumar Pradhran |  | Communist Party of India |
| Khajuri | SC | Sunirmal Paik |  | Independent |
| Contai North | None | Maity Mukul Bikash |  | Indian National Congress |
| Contai South | None | Adhikary Sisir |  | Indian National Congress |
| Ramnagar | None | Abanti Mishra |  | Indian National Congress |
| Egra | None | Sinha Prabodh Chandra |  | Independent |
| Mugberia | None | Kiranmoy Nanda |  | Independent |
| Pataspur | None | Kamakhya Nandan Das Mahapatra |  | Communist Party of India |
| Sabang | None | Manas Bhunia |  | Indian National Congress |
| Pingla | None | Haripada Jana |  | Independent |
| Debra | None | Syed Moazzam Hossain |  | Communist Party of India |
| Keshpur | SC | Kumar Himansu |  | Communist Party of India |
| Garhbeta East | None | Suvendu Mandal |  | Communist Party of India |
| Garhbeta West | SC | Anadi Malla |  | Communist Party of India |
| Salbani | None | Sundar Hazra |  | Communist Party of India |
| Midnapore | None | Kamakhya Ghosh |  | Communist Party of India |
| Kharagpur Town | None | Gyan Singh Sohanpal |  | Indian Congress |
| Kharagpur Rural | None | Sk.siraj Ali |  | Communist Party of India |
| Keshiari | ST | Maheswar Murmu |  | Communist Party of India |
| Narayangarh | None | Bibhuti Bhusan De |  | Communist Party of India |
| Dantan | None | Kanai Bhowmik |  | Communist Party of India |
| Nayagram | ST | Ananta Saren |  | Communist Party of India |
| Gopiballavpur | None | De Sunil |  | Communist Party of India |
| Jhargram | None | Abani Bhusan Satpati |  | Communist Party of India |
| Binpur | ST | Sambhu Nath Mandi |  | Communist Party of India |
| Banduan | ST | Sudhangshu Sarkar Majhi |  | Communist Party of India |
| Manbazar | None | Kamala Kanta Mahato |  | Communist Party of India |
| Balrampur | ST | Bikram Tudu |  | Communist Party of India |
| Arsa | None | Dhrubeswar Chttopadhaya |  | All India Forward Bloc |
| Jhalda | None | Subhas Chandra Mahato |  | Indian National Congress |
| Jaipur | None | Santi Ram Mahato |  | Indian National Congress |
| Purulia | None | Sukumar Roy |  | Indian Congress |
| Para | SC | Gobinda Bouri |  | Communist Party of India |
| Raghunathpur | SC | Natabar Bagdi |  | Communist Party of India |
| Kashipur | ST | Surendra Nath Majhi |  | Communist Party of India |
| Hura | None | Ambarish Mukherjee |  | Communist Party of India |
| Taldangra | None | Mohini Mohan Panda |  | Communist Party of India |
| Raipur | ST | Upen Kisku |  | Communist Party of India |
| Ranibandh | ST | Rampada Mandi |  | Communist Party of India |
| Indpur | SC | Bauri Madan |  | Communist Party of India |
| Chhatna | None | Goswani Subhas |  | Revolutionary Socialist Party |
| Gangajalghati | SC | Bouri Nabani |  | Communist Party of India |
| Barjora | None | Bhattcharya Lal Behari |  | Communist Party of India |
| Bankura | None | Kashinath Mishra |  | Indian National Congress |
| Onda | None | Anil Mukhopadhyay |  | All India Forward Bloc |
| Vishnupur | None | Achintya Krishna Ray |  | Communist Party of India |
| Kotulpur | None | Gunadhar Choudhury |  | Communist Party of India |
| Indas | SC | Badan Bora |  | Communist Party of India |
| Sonamukhi | SC | Sukhendu Khan |  | Communist Party of India |
| Kulti | None | Madhu Benerjee |  | All India Forward Bloc |
| Barabani | None | Ajt Chakrabarty |  | Communist Party of India |
| Hirapur | None | Bamapada Mukherjee |  | Communist Party of India |
| Asansol | None | Bejoy Pal |  | Communist Party of India |
| Raniganj | None | Haradhan Roy |  | Communist Party of India |
| Jamuria | None | Bikash Chowdhury |  | Communist Party of India |
| Ukhra | SC | Lakhan Bagdi |  | Communist Party of India |
| Durgapur-i | None | Dilip Mazumdar |  | Communist Party of India |
| Durgapur-ii | None | Tarun Chatterjee |  | Communist Party of India |
| Kanksa | SC | Lakshi Narayan Saha |  | Communist Party of India |
| Ausgram | SC | Sreedhar Malik |  | Communist Party of India |
| Bhatar | None | Sayed Md. Masih |  | Communist Party of India |
| Galsi | None | Sen Deb Ranjan |  | All India Forward Bloc |
| Burdwan North | None | Goswami Ramnarayan |  | Communist Party of India |
| Burdwan South | None | Chowdhury Benoy Krishna |  | Communist Party of India |
| Khandaghosh | SC | Purna Chandra Malik |  | Communist Party of India |
| Raina | None | Dhirendra Nath Chatterjee |  | Communist Party of India |
| Jamalpur | SC | Sunil Santra |  | Independent |
| Memari | None | Moharani Konar |  | Communist Party of India |
| Kalna | None | Anju Kar |  | Communist Party of India |
| Nadanghat | None | S.a.m. Habibullah |  | Communist Party of India |
| Manteswar | None | Hemanta Roy |  | Communist Party of India |
| Purbasthali | None | Monoranjan Nath |  | Communist Party of India |
| Katwa | None | Haramohan Sinha |  | Communist Party of India |
| Mangalkot | None | Nikhilananda Sar |  | Communist Party of India |
| Ketugram | SC | Raicharan Majhi |  | Communist Party of India |
| Nanur | SC | Banamali Das |  | Communist Party of India |
| Bolpur | None | Jyotsna Kumar Gupta |  | Revolutionary Socialist Party |
| Labhpur | None | Sunil Majumder |  | Communist Party of India |
| Dubrajpur | None | Bhakti Bhusan Mandal |  | All India Forward Bloc |
| Rajnagar | SC | Siddheswar Mandal |  | All India Forward Bloc |
| Suri | None | Chattaraj Suniti |  | Indian National Congress |
| Mahammad Bazar | None | Dhiren Sen |  | Communist Party of India |
| Mayureswar | SC | Dhirendra Let |  | Communist Party of India |
| Rampurhat | None | Sasanka Sekhar Mondal |  | All India Forward Bloc |
| Hansan | SC | Trilochan Mal |  | Independent |
| Nalhati | None | Sattik Kumar Roy |  | All India Forward Bloc |
| Murarai | None | Motahar Hossain |  | Indian National Congress |
|

1. *Report on the Election to the Office of President of India, 1982 and Legislative Assemblies, Delhi Metropolitan Council, 1982–83: Narrative*. Election Commission of India. 1983.
2. *The Commonwealth Yearbook*. H.M. Stationery Office. 1991. p. 216.
3. Amrita Basu (1 October 1994). *Two Faces of Protest: Contrasting Modes of Women's Activism in India*. University of California Press. p. 44. ISBN 978-0-520-08919-8.
4. *India Today*. *Year of reckoning*
5. Stig Toft Madsen; Kenneth Bo Nielsen; Uwe Skoda (2011). *Trysts with Democracy: Political Practice in South Asia*. Anthem Press. p. 165. ISBN 978-0-85728-773-1.
6. *India Today*. *West Bengal: Keeping to the Left*
7. N. Jose Chander (1 January 2004). *Coalition Politics: The Indian Experience*. Concept Publishing Company. p. 106. ISBN 978-81-8069-092-1.
8. Pratap Chandra Swain (2001). *Bharatiya Janata Party: Profile and Performance*. APH Publishing. p. 194. ISBN 978-81-7648-257-8.
9. *The Annual Register of Indian Political Parties*. Michiko & Panjathan. 1982. p. 108.
10. Amiya K. Samanta (2000). *Gorkhaland Movement: A Study in Ethnic Separatism*. APH Publishing. p. 274. ISBN 978-81-7648-166-3.
11. Snehamoy Chaklader (2004). *Sub-regional movement in India: with reference to Bodoland and Gorkhaland*. K.P. Bagchi & Co. p. 85. ISBN 978-81-7074-266-1.
12. *India Today*. *Nepalis: Demanding a voice*
13. Election Commission of India. *STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 1982 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF WEST BENGAL*
14. *India Today*. *West Bengal: Seating scrap*
15. State Legislative Assembly West Bengal. *West Bengal Legislative Assembly Under the constitution of India*
16. PEU GHOSH (3 September 2012). *Indian Government and Politics*. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. p. 331. ISBN 978-81-203-4649-9.
17. *Ganashakti*. *Lal Salam Comrade Halim Archived 21 November 2016 at the Wayback Machine*
18. West Bengal (India). Legislature. Legislative Assembly (July 1983). *List of Members*. Superintendent, Government Print. p. 9.

## InfoBox

1982 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| ---  All 294 seats in the West Bengal Legislative Assembly
148 seats needed for a majority | |
| Majority party Minority party   Leader Jyoti Basu Ananda Gopal Mukherjee  Party CPI(M) INC(I)  Alliance LF INC(I)+IC(S)  Leader since 1964 1982  Leader's seat Satgachhia *Did not contest*  Last election 35.46%, 178 seats *New*  Seats won **174** 49  Seat change  4  49  Popular vote **8,655,371** 8,035,272  Percentage **38.49%** 35.73%  Swing  3.03 pp  35.73 pp | |
| ---  **Chief Minister before election**
Jyoti Basu
CPI(M) **Chief Minister after election**
Jyoti Basu
CPI(M) | |


abstract: US Post Office-Norwich is a historic post office building located at Norwich in Chenango County, New York, United States. It was built in 1932–1933, and is one of a number of post offices in New York State built by the Office of the Supervising Architect of the Treasury Department. It was designed by architect George Ketcham of Syracuse. It is a one-story brick building ornamented with elaborate cast stone details in the Colonial Revival style. It is located within the Chenango County Courthouse District. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.

text:
# United States Post Office (Norwich, New York)

**US Post Office-Norwich** is a historic post office building located at Norwich in Chenango County, New York, United States. It was built in 1932–1933, and is one of a number of post offices in New York State built by the Office of the Supervising Architect of the Treasury Department. It was designed by architect George Ketcham of Syracuse. It is a one-story brick building ornamented with elaborate cast stone details in the Colonial Revival style. It is located within the Chenango County Courthouse District.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| U.S. Post Office | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| New York State Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| North elevation, 2012 | |
|  | |
| Location | 20-22 E. Main St., Norwich, New York |
| Coordinates | 42°31′51″N 75°31′20″W / 42.53083°N 75.52222°W / 42.53083; -75.52222 |
| Area | less than one acre |
| Built | 1932 |
| Architect | George Ketcham |
| Architectural style | Colonial Revival |
| MPS | US Post Offices in New York State, 1858-1943, TR |
| NRHP reference No. | 88002380 |
| NYSRHP No. | 01740.000025 |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | May 11, 1989 |
| Designated NYSRHP | June 23, 1980 |


title: William A. Scott (psychologist)

abstract: William A Scott (1926–1991) was an American-born social psychologist. After serving in the US Navy in World War II, Scott did graduate study in psychology at the University of Michigan, where he did research on propaganda and attitudes. From 1955, he held an academic appointment at the University of Colorado, where he eventually became a full professor. While there, he made contributions to research on mental health and cognitive complexity, and to value theory. In 1974 he migrated to Australia, becoming the Foundation Professor of Behavioural Science at James Cook University in Townsville. In 1977, he took a position as Professor of Psychology at the Australian National University in Canberra. During this period, he did research on cognitive structure and on the adaptation of immigrants, the latter in collaboration with his wife Ruth Scott. He was elected a Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences in Australia in 1977. He died in Canberra on 8 November 1991. A notable contribution of William Scott was the development of the Scott's pi as a measure of inter-observer agreement for nominal scale measures. Scott's paper on pi has been recognized as a citation classic.

text:
# William A. Scott (psychologist)

**William A Scott** (1926–1991) was an American-born social psychologist. After serving in the US Navy in World War II, Scott did graduate study in psychology at the University of Michigan, where he did research on propaganda and attitudes. From 1955, he held an academic appointment at the University of Colorado, where he eventually became a full professor. While there, he made contributions to research on mental health and cognitive complexity, and to value theory. In 1974 he migrated to Australia, becoming the Foundation Professor of Behavioural Science at James Cook University in Townsville. In 1977, he took a position as Professor of Psychology at the Australian National University in Canberra. During this period, he did research on cognitive structure and on the adaptation of immigrants, the latter in collaboration with his wife Ruth Scott. He was elected a Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences in Australia in 1977. He died in Canberra on 8 November 1991.

A notable contribution of William Scott was the development of the Scott's pi as a measure of inter-observer agreement for nominal scale measures. Scott's paper on pi has been recognized as a citation classic.


title: Nine-primaried oscine

abstract: The nine-primaried oscines is a group of bird families in the suborder Passeri (oscines) of the Passeriformes. The composition of the group has changed since the term was introduced but is now considered to consist of seven major families—Fringillidae, Emberizidae, Cardinalidae, Thraupidae, Passerellidae, Parulidae and Icteridae—plus some small families. When Fringillidae is omitted the remaining six families are referred to as the "New World" nine-primaried oscines. The name of this group arises from the fact that all species within it have only nine easily visible primary feathers on each wing.

text:
# Nine-primaried oscine

The **nine-primaried oscines** is a group of bird families in the suborder Passeri (oscines) of the Passeriformes. The composition of the group has changed since the term was introduced but is now considered to consist of seven major families—Fringillidae, Emberizidae, Cardinalidae, Thraupidae, Passerellidae, Parulidae and Icteridae—plus some small families. When Fringillidae is omitted the remaining six families are referred to as the "New World" nine-primaried oscines.

The name of this group arises from the fact that all species within it have only nine easily visible primary feathers on each wing (in reality most, if not all, also have a tenth primary, but it is greatly reduced and largely concealed).

## Wallace's classification

In 1874 the British naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace classified the passerines by the number of primary feathers and placed ten families in his nine-primaried group, the *Tanagroid Passeres*:

* Motacillidae – wagtails and pipits
* Mniotiltidae – New World warblers, now in Parulidae
* Coerebidae – honeycreepers, now in Thraupidae
* Drepanidae – Hawaiian honeycreepers, later Drepanididae, now in Fringillidae
* Dicaeidae – flowerpeckers
* Ampelidae – waxwings, now in Bombycillidae
* Hirundinidae – swallows and martins
* Tanagridae – tanagers, now in Thraupidae, and euphonias, now in Fringillidae
* Fringillidae – finches, plus buntings, now in Emberizidae, and American sparrows, now in Passerellidae
* Icteridae – grackles, New World blackbirds and orioles

## Modern grouping

Six of Wallace's families are now included in the nine-primaried oscines: Mniotiltidae, Coerebidae, Drepanidae, Tanagridae, Fringillidae and Icteridae. The other four families are now known to be less closely related.

Although the New World nine-primaried oscines are most diverse in northern South America, they are widespread throughout the New World including the Greater and Lesser Antilles. They have also colonised the Galápagos (Darwin's finches) and the Tristan da Cunha group in the South Atlantic (*Nesospiza* and *Rowettia* in Thraupidae). Two families, the Emberizidae (buntings) and the Calcariidae (longspurs and snow buntings), have colonised the Old World.

The group without the Fringillidae, the New World nine-primaried oscines, is the superfamily Emberizoidea. The superfamily comprises some 870 species or 8% of all birds. It is divided into 16 families:

1. Hall, K.S.S. (2005). "Do nine-primaried passerines have nine or ten primary feathers? The evolution of a concept". *Journal of Ornithology*. **146** (2): 121–126. doi:10.1007/s10336-004-0070-5.
2. Wallace, Alfred R. (1874). "On the arrangement of the families constituting the Order Passeres". *Ibis*. **4**: 406–416 \[410\].
3. Barker, F.K.; Burns, K.J.; Klicka, J.; Lanyon, S.M.; Lovette, I.J. (2015). "New insights into New World biogeography: An integrated view from the phylogeny of blackbirds, cardinals, sparrows, tanagers, warblers, and allies". *The Auk*. **132** (2): 333–348. doi:10.1642/AUK-14-110.1.
4. Barker, F.K.; Burns, K.J.; Klicka, J.; Lanyon, S.M.; Lovette, I.J. (2013). "Going to extremes: contrasting rates of diversification in a recent radiation of New World passerine birds". *Systematic Biology*. **62** (2): 298–320. doi:10.1093/sysbio/sys094. PMID 23229025.
5. Oliveros, C.H.; et al. (2019). "Earth history and the passerine superradiation". *Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States*. **116** (16): 7916–7925. doi:10.1073/pnas.1813206116. PMC 6475423. PMID 30936315.
6. Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (July 2020). "IOC World Bird List Version 10.2". International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 30 November 2020.
7. Kuhl, H.; Frankl-Vilches, C.; Bakker, A.; Mayr, G.; Nikolaus, G.; Boerno, S.T.; Klages, S.; Timmermann, B.; Gahr, M. (2020). "An unbiased molecular approach using 3′-UTRs resolves the avian family-level tree of life". *Molecular Biology and Evolution*. **38**: 108–127. doi:10.1093/molbev/msaa191. PMC 7783168. PMID 32781465.
8. Klicka, J.; Johnson, K.P.; Lanyon, S.M. (2000). "New World nine-primaried oscine relationships: constructing a mitochondrial DNA framework". *The Auk*. **117** (2): 321–336. doi:10.1093/auk/117.2.321.


title: Oostnieuwkerke

abstract: Oostnieuwkerke is a Belgian village in the province of West Flanders. It is part of the municipality of Staden. There are more than 3400 inhabitants and Oostnieuwkerke lies closer to the town Roeselare than it is to the main village Staden. The little river the Mandel flows through the centre of Oostnieuwkerke towards Roeselare.

text:
# Oostnieuwkerke

**Oostnieuwkerke** is a Belgian village in the province of West Flanders. It is part of the municipality of Staden. There are more than 3400 inhabitants and Oostnieuwkerke lies closer to the town Roeselare than it is to the main village Staden. The little river the Mandel flows through the centre of Oostnieuwkerke towards Roeselare.

## History

While there are found some names like *Nieukerka* or *Neuekerca* referring to Oostnieuwkerke in old writings from the year 1093, Oostnieuwkerke only became a village in its current form after the French Revolution. In 1977, Oostnieuwkerke was merged with Staden.

Oostnieuwkerke has a neogothic church which has been restored in the 21st century. The church has beautiful stained glass, some old and some newer. The most recent one was made in 2010.

There used to be two primary schools in Oostnieuwkerke, but the mayor of Staden now rents (since 2010) the buildings to the monastery which made the two schools fall under one name and one director.

## Famous persons

50°56′N 3°03′E / 50.933°N 3.050°E / 50.933; 3.050