title: Muhammad Shabbir Qureshi

abstract: Muhammad Shabbir Qureshi is a Pakistani politician who had been a member of the Provincial Assembly of Sindh from August 2018 to August 2023. He was elected for the second term in February 2024.

text:
# Muhammad Shabbir Qureshi

**Muhammad Shabbir Qureshi** is a Pakistani politician who had been a member of the Provincial Assembly of Sindh from August 2018 to August 2023. He was elected for the second term in February 2024.

## Political career

He was elected to the Provincial Assembly of Sindh as a candidate of Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf from Constituency PS-114 (Karachi West-III) in 2018 Pakistani general election. He was elected to the 16th Provincial Assembly of Sindh as Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf-backed independent candidate from Constituency PS-114 Karachi Keamari-IV for the second term in the 2024 Pakistani general election.

## InfoBox

| Muhammad Shabbir Qureshi | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Provincial Assembly of Sindh | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
24 February 2024 | |
| Constituency | PS-114 Karachi Keamari-IV |
| Member of the Provincial Assembly of Sindh | |
| **In office**
13 August 2018  11 August 2023 | |
| Constituency | PS-114 (Karachi West-III) |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Nationality | Pakistani |
| Political party | PTI (2018-present) |
|  | |


title: WKEI

abstract: WKEI is a radio station broadcasting a news/talk format. Licensed to Kewanee, Illinois, United States, the station serves the Quad Cities area. The station is currently owned by Fletcher M. Ford's Virden Broadcasting Corp. WKEI is now a news/talk radio station, a Fox News affiliate and home to syndicated talk show hosts Joe Pags, Hugh Hewitt and Jim Bohannon.

text:
# WKEI

**WKEI** (1450 AM) is a radio station broadcasting a news/talk format. Licensed to Kewanee, Illinois, United States, the station serves the Quad Cities area. The station is currently owned by Fletcher M. Ford's Virden Broadcasting Corp.

WKEI is now a news/talk radio station, a Fox News affiliate and home to syndicated talk show hosts Joe Pags, Hugh Hewitt and Jim Bohannon.

## InfoBox

WKEI
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Broadcast area | Henry, Bureau, Knox, and Stark Counties |
| Frequency | 1450 kHz |
| Branding | Newstalk 1450 AM, 107.7 FM - WKEI |
| Programming | |
| Format | News/talk |
| Affiliations | Fox News |
| Ownership | |
| Owner |  |
| Sister stations | WJRE, KQCJ |
| History | |
| Call sign meaning | **W** **KE**wanee **I**llinois |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 70276 |
| Class | C |
| Power | 500 watts day<br>1,000 watts night |
| Translator(s) | 107.7 W299BN (Sheffield) |
| Repeater(s) | 102.5 WJRE-HD4 (Galva) |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Webcast | Listen Live |
| Website | Regional Daily News |


title: Marketable collateral

abstract: Marketable collateral is the exchange of financial assets, such as stocks and bonds, for a loan between a financial institution and borrower. To be deemed marketable collateral, assets must be capable of being sold under normal market conditions with reasonable promptness at a fair market value. Conditions are based upon actual transactions on an auction or similarly available daily bid, or ask price market. For banks to accept a borrower’s loan proposal, collateral must be equal or greater than 100% of the loan or credit extension amount. The bank’s total outstanding loans and credit extensions to one borrower may not exceed 15 percent of the bank’s capital and surplus, plus an additional 10 percent of the bank’s capital and surplus.

text:
# Marketable collateral

**Marketable collateral** is the exchange of financial assets, such as stocks and bonds, for a loan between a financial institution and borrower. To be deemed marketable collateral, assets must be capable of being sold under normal market conditions with reasonable promptness at a fair market value. Conditions are based upon actual transactions on an auction or similarly available daily bid, or ask price market.

For banks to accept a borrower’s loan proposal, collateral must be equal or greater than 100% of the loan or credit extension amount. The bank’s total outstanding loans and credit extensions to one borrower may not exceed 15 percent of the bank’s capital and surplus, plus an additional 10 percent of the bank’s capital and surplus.

## Risks

Declination of collateral value is the primary risk of securing loans with marketable collateral. Financial institutions closely monitor the market value of any financial asset held as collateral. and take appropriate action if the value subsequently declines below the predetermined maximum loan-to-value ration.


title: The Wife Swappers

abstract: The Wife Swappers is a 1970 British drama documentary film by British sexploitation director Derek Ford and starring James Donnelly, Larry Taylor, Valerie St. John and Denys Hawthorne. The film was produced by Stanley Long. It was released in the US as The Swappers.

text:
# The Wife Swappers

***The Wife Swappers*** is a 1970 British drama documentary film by British sexploitation director Derek Ford and starring James Donnelly, Larry Taylor, Valerie St. John and Denys Hawthorne. The film was produced by Stanley Long. It was released in the US as ***The Swappers***.

## Cast

* James Donnelly as Paul
* Larry Taylor as Leonard
* Valerie St. John as Ellen
* Denys Hawthorne as Cliff
* Bunty Garland as Sheila
* Sandra Satchwith as Carol
* Fiona Fraser as Marion
* Joan Hayward as Jean

## Response

### Box office

The film was a huge commercial success relative to its budget.

### Critical response

*Monthly Film Bulletin* said "Dramatised documentary inquiry into wife swapping, on the lines of previous voyeuristic exposés of similar scandals. The thesis is that while the practice is as yet a minority social phenomenon largely confined to the affiuent middle classes, it is on the increase – and so cinemagoers need this salutary warning about "a game of increasing risk and diminishing returns". This warning is delivered by means of a series of cautionary stories interspersed with interviews and comments from an alleged psychiatrist on group sex. The dramatised episodes – which range from the adventures of an innocent couple duped aboard a houseboat to the sado-masochistic proclivities of "Dare Club" members – are characterised by banal scripting and stiff, amateurish acting, which makes for some presumably unplanned moments of comedy. But the fictional content is as nothing compared to the interviews, particularly one with the editor of a contact magazine, which have to be heard to be appreciated."

*Variety* said "This is one of those finger-wagging pix that, posing as an "in depth" revealing exposure of shocking facts, is really simply a rather clumsy attempt at titillation in which it fails singularly. Poor scripting, leaden direction and barely adequate thesping don't help."

## Releases

The film was released on UK DVD in January 2007 on the Slam Dunk Media Label (the US DVD release on the Jeff films label is an unauthorized bootleg.)

## InfoBox

| The Wife Swappers | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | Derek Ford |
| Written by | Derek Ford
Barry Jacobs
Stanley Long |
| Produced by | Stanley Long |
| Starring | James Donnelly
Larry Taylor
Valerie St. John
Denys Hawthorne
Bunty Garland |
| Cinematography | Stanley Long |
| Music by | John Fiddy |
| Distributed by | Eagle |
| Release date | * 9 September 1970 (1970-09-09) |
| Running time | 82 min |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Language | English |
| Budget | £50,000 |
| Box office | over £1 million (UK) |


title: Werauhia notata

abstract: Werauhia notata is a plant species in the genus Werauhia. This species is endemic to Costa Rica.

text:
# Werauhia notata

***Werauhia notata*** is a plant species in the genus *Werauhia*. This species is endemic to Costa Rica.

* Luther, Harry E. (1995). "An Annotated Checklist of the Bromeliaceae of Costa Rica". *Selbyana*. **16** (2): 230–234. ISSN 0361-185X. JSTOR 41759911.

## InfoBox

| *Werauhia notata* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| *Clade*: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Bromeliaceae |
| Genus: | *Werauhia* |
| Species: | ***W. notata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Werauhia notata***<br>(L.B.Smith & Pittendrigh) J.R.Grant | |
|


title: Scribz Riley

abstract: Michael Orabiyi, known professionally as Scribz Riley, is a British record producer, songwriter, singer, and rapper from London, England. He is sometimes credited as Mike "Scribz" Riley or Mike Riley. He is the brother of singer-songwriter Talay Riley. He has collaborated on Grammy-winning projects and worked with artists including Khalid, Cardi B, Kehlani, H.E.R, Kendrick Lamar, Chris Brown, Tove Lo, Ella Mai, and Wiley.

text:
# Scribz Riley

**Michael Orabiyi** (born 25 August 1993), known professionally as **Scribz Riley**, is a British record producer, songwriter, singer, and rapper from London, England. He is sometimes credited as Mike "Scribz" Riley or Mike Riley. He is the brother of singer-songwriter Talay Riley. He has collaborated on Grammy-winning projects and worked with artists including Khalid, Cardi B, Kehlani, H.E.R, Kendrick Lamar, Chris Brown, Tove Lo, Ella Mai, and Wiley.

## Early life

Born and raised in East London, Michael initially played the piano in church for his older brother, singer-songwriter Talay Riley. Later he began freestyling over grime beats while attending St. Bons Secondary School & YAP Youth Club. He also attended the Identity School of Acting, but gravitated to a music career instead. He was associated with Mucky Wolfpack, the E3 crew headed by God's Gift, meanwhile learning studio craft by attending sessions for the label Alwayz Recording with his older brother Talay Riley.

## Career

His early credits included working with Rascals in 2012, with Wiley in 2013, and with Tove Lo as composer, producer, and keyboardist on her 2014 album *Queen of the Clouds*. In 2015 and 2016 he wrote and arranged for projects from Saygrace, and Julian Perretta.

In 2017, he composed and produced the track "Lights On" from on H.E.R.'s Grammy-winning self-titled album. He also composed and produced for Khalid's *American Teen* and Chris Brown's *Heartbreak on a Full Moon*.

His 2018 credits included production work on the track "Ring" from Cardi B's album *Invasion of Privacy*, which won the 2019 Grammy Award for Best Rap Album and was also nominated for Album of the Year. He also produced Zacari's song "Redemption" from the *Black Panther* soundtrack, which was also nominated for a 2019 Album of the Year Grammy.

On 25 May 2018, he was featured with Rachel Furner on the cover of *Music Week'*s annual Hitmakers edition as one of "the next generation of superstar songwriters."

His May 2020 single "Impress Me" featured Headie One. His debut solo project was expected to be released Spring 2020.

## Select discography

| Song or Album | Artist | Year | Label | Role |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *Free Spirit* | Khalid | 2019 | RCA | Composer, Producer |
| "Redemption" | Zacari | 2018 | Top Dawg Ent./Aftermath Records/Interscope Records | Composer, Producer |
| "Ring" | Cardi B feat. Kehlani | 2018 | Atlantic Records | Instrumentation, Producer, Programming |
| "Lights On" | H.E.R. | 2017 | RCA | Writing, Engineer, Producer |
| "How to Love Me" | Saygrace | 2016 | RCA | Writing, Arranger, Producer |
|

## InfoBox

| Scribz Riley | |
| --- | --- |
| Birth name | Michael Orabiyi |
| Born | (1993-08-25) 25 August 1993<br>London, England |
| Genres |  |
| Years active | 2012–present |
| Labels | Sony Music |
|  | |
| Website | www.scribzriley.com |


title: William Motherby

abstract: William Motherby (1776–1847) was the originator of the idea of an annual midday meal to celebrate Immanuel Kant on Kant's birthday, which is shared by members of the Society of Kant's Friends on 22 April every year. Until 1944 it was held in Königsberg. After the war it moved to Göttingen and, in 1976, to Mainz. In 2008 the celebration returned to the city now known as Kaliningrad, where it has been held annually since, now attended by Kant's admirers from a number of countries.

text:
# William Motherby

**William Motherby** (17761847) was the originator of the idea of an annual midday meal to celebrate Immanuel Kant on Kant's birthday, which is shared by members of the Society of Kant's Friends on 22 April every year. Until 1944 it was held in Königsberg. After the war it moved to Göttingen and, in 1976, to Mainz. In 2008 the celebration returned to the city now known as Kaliningrad, where it has been held annually since, now attended by Kant's admirers from a number of countries.

## Life

William Motherby was born in Königsberg, East Prussia (but after 1945 part of the Soviet Union). He was one of the eleven recorded children of Kant's friend Robert Motherby (1736-1801). His mother, born Charlotte Toussaint (1742-1794), was the daughter of a merchant from Magdeburg. Further back, the Toussaint family had come from France, while Robert Motherby had been born in Yorkshire, England and emigrated in 1751 to Königsberg at the invitation of fellow Yorkshireman Joseph Green who had been looking for a reliable young Englishman to help him with his business.

As a boy William Motherby attended the "progressive" Philanthropinum (school) in Dessau. He then returned to Königsberg where he resolved to study medicine, enrolling at the university on 8 March 1792. He concluded his formal education in Edinburgh where he received his doctorate in 1798. He then returned to Königsberg and established himself as a respected physician. He took a lead on the area over the introduction of cowpox vaccine as a way to prevent smallpox, and contributed to at least two learned papers on the subject.

As William was growing up the Motherby household was becoming the focus of spirited socialising. His circle of friends included several of some of the city's best known intellectuals and literary figures. According to Wilhelm von Humboldt and Ernst Moritz Arndt, the social attributes of William Motherby's young wife, born Johanna Charlotte Tillheim, were an additional attraction. Motherby's own friendship with both Humboldt and Arndt is attested to by the longstanding correspondence between them.

> *"William was brilliant, bubbling and lovable, full of well timed jokes. .... birth date \[back in 1724\]"*
> "William war höchst begabt und liebenswürdig, von sprudelndem, treffendem Witze. Den Gefallen am Etymologisieren schien er von Kant zu haben. Seine Lebhaftigkeit und schnelles Auffassen aller Dinge machten ihn in jeder Gesellschaft beliebt, oft zum Mittelpunkt der Unterhaltung. Ein angesehener Staatsbeamter, aus einem anderen Orte, der ihn in einer Gesellschaft so geistreich sprechen hörte, äußerte sein größtes Gefallen, indem ihm seines Orts dergleichen nicht geboten werde. Die Einführung der Kuhpocken-Impfung suchte Motherby durch kleine Schriften zu befördern, wie er überhaupt das Talent besaß, wenn er es geltend gemacht hätte, durch lebhafte kurze Darstellung Volksschriftsteller zu werden. …… Von Dr. med. William Motherby rührte die schöne Idee her, dass sich die Freunde Kants jährlich zu einem einfachen Mittagessen an seinem Geburtstage, dem 22. April, versammelten."
>
> *Christian Friedrich Reusch*
>
> *"How often he stood out among the dinner companions through the extent of his knowledge and in the swift erudition of his expositions, without ever putting anyone down while delivering his explanations. No one ever felt hurt through his contra-assertions"*
> "Wie oft er auch im Wissen hoch über den Tischfreunden stand und ihnen in geschickter Durchführung von Behauptungen stets überlegen war, so hat er sicher niemandem wehe getan und wer durch seine Erklärung nicht belehrt, wurde wenigstens niemals durch seinen Widerspruch unangenehm berührt."
>
> *Ernst August Hagen*

Later, in his 1847 work "Kant und seine Tischgenossen" (*"Kant and his dinner companions"*), Christian Friedrich Reusch, whose father, the physicist Karl Daniel Reusch had himself been a member of Kant's social circle, recalled that "Dr. med. William Motherby" had been a guest at Kant's house once or twice each week:

"William was brilliant, bubbling and lovable, full of well timed jokes. He seemed to share Kant's delight in Etymology. His lively and quick understanding on every topic made him popular in any social group, and frequently the centre of attention. A distinguished government official from another place who heard Motherby's animated contributions, gave utterance to his regret that there was no one like Motherby back in his own home city. Motherby also promoted the introduction of cowpox vaccine through a succession of written pieces which contributed to his popularity as a writer. It was also from Dr. med. William Motherby that there came the beautiful idea that Kant's friends should meet for a simple lunch each year on 22 April to celebrate the philosopher's birth date \[back in 1724\]".

Someone else who remembered William Motherby in his own memoires was Ernst August Hagen:

"How often he stood out among the dinner companions through the extent of his knowledge and in the swift erudition of his expositions, without ever putting anyone down while delivering his explanations. No one ever felt hurt through his contra-assertions"

William and Johanna Motherby's own children, Anna (known as "Nancy") and Robert, were born in 1807 and 1808. However, the couple later drifted apart, and were formally divorced in 1822. Two years later Johanna married the physician Johann Friedrich Dieffenbach, although that marriage, too, would end in divorce.

Kant had died early in 1804, and during the final decades of his own life William Motherby increasingly devoted himself to farming. He founded the East Prussian "Association for the Support of Agriculture" (*"Verein zur Beförderung der Landwirtschaft"*), becoming its director, and producing various papers on agricultural matters. From 1827 or 1832 (sources differ on the year) he held the tenancy on the landed estate at Arnsberg, in the flat countryside to the south of the city. which he farmed with great success, and promoting the nutritional benefits from eating horse meat. He spent the summer months on his estate but still able to spend the winter months in Königsberg. It was only in 1840 that he completely closed down his medical practice in the city.


title: Leon Bramlett

abstract: Leon Crow Bramlett Jr. was an American farmer, football player, and politician. Born in Clarksdale, Mississippi, he briefly played football at the University of Mississippi and the University of Alabama before being admitted to the U.S. Naval Academy, where he played from 1943 to 1947. He briefly worked as an end coach for the team while serving in the United States Marine Corps before returning to Clarksdale to farm cotton. He served on the Mississippi Marketing Council and chaired the Mississippi Democratic Party from 1968 to 1972, during a time when the party was split between conservative "Regulars", including Bramlett, and pro-civil rights "Loyalists". In 1976 the Regulars and the Loyalists reached a compromise and in response Bramlett joined the Republican Party. He lost the 1979 Republican gubernatorial primary in Mississippi but secured the nomination four years later before losing in the general election. He retired from farming in 2001 and served on U.S. Senator Thad Cochran's staff for several years, dying in 2015.

text:
# Leon Bramlett

**Leon Crow Bramlett Jr.** (September 17, 1923 – October 19, 2015) was an American farmer, football player, and politician. Born in Clarksdale, Mississippi, he briefly played football at the University of Mississippi and the University of Alabama before being admitted to the U.S. Naval Academy, where he played from 1943 to 1947. He briefly worked as an end coach for the team while serving in the United States Marine Corps before returning to Clarksdale to farm cotton. He served on the Mississippi Marketing Council and chaired the Mississippi Democratic Party from 1968 to 1972, during a time when the party was split between conservative "Regulars", including Bramlett, and pro-civil rights "Loyalists". In 1976 the Regulars and the Loyalists reached a compromise and in response Bramlett joined the Republican Party. He lost the 1979 Republican gubernatorial primary in Mississippi but secured the nomination four years later before losing in the general election. He retired from farming in 2001 and served on U.S. Senator Thad Cochran's staff for several years, dying in 2015.

## Early life

Bramlett was born on September 17, 1923, in Clarksdale, Mississippi, United States to Leon Crow Bramlett Sr. and Elizabeth Jones Bramlett. He graduated from Clarksdale High School in 1941. Bramlett played on the football team of the University of Mississippi in 1941, the University of Alabama in 1942, and the U.S. Naval Academy from 1943 to 1947. He was declared an All-America player in 1944 and 1945 and served as captain of the academy's team in 1946. He learned to box from an oil mill employee who worked for his father, and won the academy heavyweight boxing championship in 1943. He decided not to pursue a professional football career after sustaining a knee injury for which he was hospitalized in 1946. Graduating from the Naval Academy in 1947, he was stationed at Quantico, Virginia. In 1948 he was made end coach under head coach George Sauer, and served in that role until 1949. He served in the United States Marine Corps for two years and married Virginia McGehee in 1947. He was inducted into the Mississippi Sports Hall of Fame in 1988.

## Political career

Bramlett returned to Clarksdale in 1950 and became a cotton farmer. By 1989 he had amassed 3,000 acres of farmland in the Clarksdale area and farmed an additional 1,000 rented acres. Garnering an interest in politics, he served on the Mississippi Marketing Council and chaired the Mississippi Democratic Party from 1968 to 1972. His leadership coincided with a time of division in the party between the more conservative "Regulars" and the black-dominated "Loyalists"; Bramlett was a Regular. He led the Regular delegation to the 1968 Democratic National Convention, but the convention credentials committee rejected the Regulars and sat the Loyalists delegation instead. He co-founded the Lee Academy, a segregation academy, and presided over its school board from 1970 to 1979. In 1976 the Regulars and the Loyalists reached a compromise and agreed to jointly-select their next national delegation. In response, Bramlett joined the Republican Party, saying, "The Democratic Party which I knew and worked for no longer exists. There is no room in the new united party for people like me, for we are not willing to embrace the philosophy of the national Democratic Party and abandon the principles that made this country great." He co-chaired Gerald Ford's 1976 presidential campaign in Mississippi.

Moderate Republican Gil Carmichael decided to run for governor in 1979 after a failed bid in 1975. More conservative Mississippi Republicans who blamed Carmichael for losing the 1975 race thought he should not run again and recruited Bramlett to run in the Republican primary. Bramlett was convinced that "Gil could not win in November" and styled himself as the "conservative alternative" to Carmichael. Carmichael ultimately had better name recognition and prevailed in the primary, taking 17,216 votes to his opponent's 15,236. Bramlett co-chaired Ronald Reagan's presidential campaign in Mississippi in 1980.

In 1983 Bramlett, at the behest of Republican leaders, reluctantly entered that year's gubernatorial race and secured the Republican nomination unopposed to face Democrat William Allain in the general election. Early polls indicated that Allain had a large lead. During the campaign Bramlett attacked Allain for being a "bachelor" and emphasized that he was "blessed" with a wife and children and thus more qualified to manage education and healthcare issues. Allain accused Bramlett making "smears and innuendo" and of rumor–mongering, and emphasized that he had once had three step-children through his previous marriage.

Meanwhile, three Republican oil company executives, having heard rumors that Allain regularly solicited sex from black transvestites, decided to enlist attorney Bill Spell and a private detective agency to investigate the veracity of the claims. The attorney and detectives interviewed three black transvestites who testified that they had sex with Allain and repairmen from his former apartment complex who said they had seen gay pornography in his unit. The oil executives informed Bramlett of their findings, but he expressed disbelief at the allegations and refused to support their efforts. After failed attempts to get the media to report the story, Spell held a press conference on October 25 to publicly reveal the allegations, noting that the claims were supported by the three transvestites—who had undergone polygraph examinations—and by police officers who had reported witnessing Allain attempt to solicit transvestite prostitutes in the Farish Street District of Jackson. Allain denounced the allegations as "malicious lies", denied knowing the three transvestites, and said, "I'm no sexual deviate and Leon Bramlett knows it." Bramlett distanced himself from the attorney and oil executives, maintaining that he had no involvement in the investigation.

Feeling that he was losing momentum, Spell began demanding that Allain take a polygraph test. The candidate agreed to do so, but the two men disputed the arrangement of the examination. Shortly thereafter, Bramlett's campaign declared that if Allain passed three such tests the Republican would drop out of the race, while a group of businessmen demanded that both candidates take polygraph tests. Allain eventually took a polygraph test which supported his denials and his lawyer obtained an affidavit from one of the transvestite's parents, denouncing their son's credibility. By the close of the campaign, the contest had devolved into questions of the credibility of Allain and Spell, and Bramlett was largely forgotten by the public. In the general election on November 8, Allain won with 55 percent of the vote, while Bramlett only garnered 39 percent.

## Later life

Bramlett retired from farming in 2001. He served on U.S. Senator Thad Cochran's staff from 2001 to 2013. He died on October 19, 2015, at his son's home in Bedford, Texas.

## Works cited


title: Zambia at the 2003 All-Africa Games

abstract: Zambia competed in the 2003 All-Africa Games held at the National Stadium in the city of Abuja, Nigeria. The country sent a substantial team which won six medals and came joint twenty-third in the medal table. Amon Simutowe won a silver medal in chess. The team also received five bronze medals, including two in boxing and the team medals in chess and squash.

text:
# Zambia at the 2003 All-Africa Games

**Zambia** competed in the **2003 All-Africa Games** held at the National Stadium in the city of Abuja, Nigeria. The country sent a substantial team which won six medals and came joint twenty-third in the medal table. Amon Simutowe won a silver medal in chess. The team also received five bronze medals, including two in boxing and the team medals in chess and squash.

## Competitors

Zambia entered forty events, thirty eight for men and two for women. Competitors included a chess team that contained two strong players, Stanley Chumfwa and Amon Simutowe. Squash, which appeared for the first time at the Games, was well represented, with athletes O'Neal Chilambwe, Lazarus Chilufa and Richard Twali entering both as individuals and a team. Chilufa reached the quarter-finals, until he was beaten by Egypt’s Mohamed Abbas, while the team reached the semi-finals, until being beaten by Abbas’ team which then went on to win gold. In football, the team qualified in Group A, coming second to Nigeria, but losing to Ghana in the bronze medal play-off. Prince Mumba ran in the 800 metres, reaching the semi-finals.

## Medal summary

Zambia won six medals, a silver and five bronze medals, and was ranked joint twenty third in the final medal table alongside Congo and Mali.

### Medal table

| Sport | **Gold** | **Silver** | **Bronze** | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Boxing | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| Chess | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Squah | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Total | 0 | 1 | 5 | 6 |

## List of Medalists

### Silver Medal

| Medal | Name | Sport | Event | Date | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Silver | Amon Simutowe | Chess | Men’s 1st Table | 15 October 2003 |  |
|

### Bronze Medal

| Medal | Name | Sport | Event | Date | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Bronze | Davis Mwale | Boxing | Light Welterweight 64 kg | 9 October 2003 |  |
| Bronze | Ellis Chibuye | Boxing | Welterweight 69 kg | 9 October 2003 |  |
| Bronze | Zambia | Chess | Team | 10 October 2003 |  |
| Bronze | O'Neal Chilambwe
Lazarus Chilufa
Richard Twali | Squash | Men’s Team | 14 October 2003 |  |
|

## InfoBox

| Zambia at the
2003 All-Africa Games | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| IOC code | ZAM |
| NOC | National Olympic Committee of Zambia |
| in Abuja
5 October 2003 (2003-10-05) – 17 October 2003 (2003-10-17) | |
| Medals
Ranked 23rd | Gold 0 Silver 1 Bronze 5 Total 6 |
| All-Africa Games appearances (overview) | |
|  | |


title: Muhammad Abdul Bari (academic)

abstract: Muhammad Abdul Bari was a Bangladeshi academic, linguist and Islamic scholar.

text:
# Muhammad Abdul Bari (academic)

**Muhammad Abdul Bari** (1930 – 4 June 2003) was a Bangladeshi academic, linguist and Islamic scholar.

## Background and education

Abdul Bari was born in 1930, to a Bengali Muslim family in the village of Syedpur in Shibganj, Bogra District, Bengal Province. His grandfather, Sayed Abdul Hadi, had founded the village of Nurul Huda in Dinajpur and was one of the pioneers of the Ahl-i Hadith movement in Bengal. His father, Muhammad Abdullahil Baqi, was the vice-president of Muslim League, a member of Bengal Legislative Assembly, Pakistan General Assembly and East-Pakistan Legislative Council.

Abdul Bari passed the Islamic intermediate examination from Dhaka Intermediate Government College (now Kazi Nazrul Islam College) in 1946. He completed his bachelor's and master's in Arabic from the University of Dhaka in 1949 and 1950 respectively. He then moved to Oxford University to conduct research under the two orientalists professor Hamilton Alexander Rosskeen Gibb and professor Joseph Schacht. He obtained the DPhil degree in 1953.

## Career

Abdul Bari served as a teacher during 1954–1977 and as an academic administrator during 1977–1996. He was appointed the vice-chancellor of Rajshahi University twice in 1971 and in 1977 and of Bangladesh National University in 1992. He was also the chairman of Bangladesh University Grants Commission during 1981–1989. He was head member of Islamic University establishing Planning Committee in January 1977.

## Awards

* Nilkanta Sarkar Gold Medal
* Bahrul Ulum Ubaidi Suhrawardi Gold Medal
* Dhaka University Gold Medal
* President's Gold Medal (1969)

## InfoBox

| Muhammad Abdul Bari | |
| --- | --- |
| মুহাম্মাদ আব্দুল বারী | |
|  | |
| Vice-chancellor of Rajshahi University | |
| **In office**
19 July 1971  8 January 1972 | |
| Preceded by | Syed Sajjad Hussain |
| Succeeded by | Khan Sarwar Murshid |
| **In office**
7 July 1977  17 February 1981 | |
| Preceded by | Syed Ali Ahsan |
| Succeeded by | Maqbular Rahman Sarkar |
| Vice-chancellor of Bangladesh National University | |
| **In office**
21 October 1992  20 October 1996 | |
| Preceded by | *Position established* |
| Succeeded by | Aminul Islam |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1930
Syedpur, Bogra District, Bengal Presidency |
| Died | 4 June 2003(2003-06-04) (aged 72–73) |
| Parent |  |
| Relatives | Muhammad Abdullahil Kafi |
|  | |


title: Marko Gavrilović

abstract: Marko Gavrilović is a politician in Serbia. He served in the National Assembly of Serbia from 2016 to 2017 as a member of the Serbian Progressive Party.

text:
# Marko Gavrilović

**Marko Gavrilović** (Serbian Cyrillic: Марко Гавриловић; born 1978) is a politician in Serbia. He served in the National Assembly of Serbia from 2016 to 2017 as a member of the Serbian Progressive Party.

## Private career

Gavrilović is an economist based in the Belgrade municipality of Obrenovac.

## Parliamentarian

Gavrilović received the 112th position on the Progressive Party's *Aleksandar Vučić – Serbia Is Winning* list in the 2016 Serbian parliamentary election and was elected when the list won a landslide victory with 131 out of 250 mandates. During his time in the assembly, he was a member of the committee on agriculture, forestry, and water management; a deputy member of two other committees; and a member of the parliamentary friendship groups for Australia, Austria, Belarus, Brazil, Finland, Germany, Japan, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Syria. He resigned from the assembly on October 11, 2017.

1. MARKO GAVRILOVIĆ, Otvoreni Parlament, accessed 29 April 2017.
2. Избори за народне посланике 2016. године » Изборне листе (АЛЕКСАНДАР ВУЧИЋ - СРБИЈА ПОБЕЂУЈЕ) Archived 2018-04-27 at the Wayback Machine, Republika Srbija - Republička izborna komisija, accessed 17 February 2017.
3. MARKO GAVRILOVIC, National Assembly of Serbia, accessed 29 April 2017.
4. "Tri nova poslanika položila zakletvu", N1, 12 October 2017, accessed 16 October 2017; Current legislature, National Assembly of Serbia, accessed 16 October 2017.


title: Mark R. Denison

abstract: Mark R. Denison is the Stahlman Professor of Pediatrics, Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology and director of the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases at Vanderbilt University Medical Center. Denison has been researching the replication, pathogenesis and evolution of coronaviruses for over 30 years, and has published his research on SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and the current SARS-CoV-2.

text:
# Mark R. Denison

**Mark R. Denison** (born May 13, 1955) is the Stahlman Professor of Pediatrics, Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology and director of the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases at Vanderbilt University Medical Center. Denison has been researching the replication, pathogenesis and evolution of coronaviruses for over 30 years, and has published his research on SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and the current SARS-CoV-2.

## Education and career

Denison obtained a B.A. in Chemistry and English in 1977 from the University of Kansas and an M.D. in 1980 from the University of Kansas School of Medicine.

Denison led the team that developed the remdesivir drug to treat COVID-19.

In 2011 he was elected a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.


title: Mark R. Kravitz

abstract: Mark Richard Kravitz was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Connecticut.

text:
# Mark R. Kravitz

**Mark Richard Kravitz** (June 21, 1950 – September 30, 2012) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Connecticut.

## Early life and education

Kravitz was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1950. After earning a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1972 from Wesleyan University (*magna cum laude*, Phi Beta Kappa), he received a Juris Doctor from Georgetown University Law Center in 1975, where he served as Managing Editor of the *Georgetown Law Journal*.

After graduating from law school, Kravitz served as a law clerk to Judge James Hunter III, Circuit Judge, of the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit, and subsequently to then-justice (later chief justice) William Rehnquist, of the United States Supreme Court from 1978 to 1979.

## Career

Before his appointment to the federal bench, Kravitz was a partner at the Connecticut-based law firm of Wiggin and Dana, LLP, where his practice centered on appellate litigation. While in private practice, he argued cases before the U.S. Supreme Court, United States Courts of Appeals and various state supreme courts throughout the country. From 1999 to 2003, Kravitz served as a regular commentator and columnist for the National Law Journal on appellate law. Kravitz was an adjunct professor at Connecticut Law School from 1995 to 2001. He also has authored numerous articles on a variety of legal topics. In 2006 and 2009, he was appointed a Senior Fellow in Law at the University of Melbourne Graduate School of Law, in Melbourne, Australia. Kravitz also was a lecturer in law at Yale Law School.

## District court service

He was nominated by U.S. President George W. Bush to fill a seat on the court vacated by Alfred V. Covello on March 27, 2003 and was confirmed by the United States Senate on June 11, 2003. He received his commission on June 12, 2003, and was sworn in by Chief Justice Rehnquist. After Kravitz's death, on February 24, 2014, the U.S. Senate confirmed Jeffrey A. Meyer to fill the seat.

## Death

Kravitz died on September 30, 2012, in Guilford, Connecticut. He died of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), commonly known as "Lou Gehrig's disease." By the time of his death, he was no longer hearing criminal cases or conducting civil trials.

## InfoBox

| Mark Richard Kravitz | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Connecticut | |
| **In office**
June 12, 2003  September 30, 2012 | |
| Appointed by | George W. Bush |
| Preceded by | Alfred V. Covello |
| Succeeded by | Jeffrey A. Meyer |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Mark Richard Kravitz
(1950-06-21)June 21, 1950
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |
| Died | September 30, 2012(2012-09-30) (aged 62)
Guilford, Connecticut |
| Spouse | Wendy Evans |
| Education | Wesleyan University (BA)
Georgetown University Law Center (JD) |
|  | |


abstract: Marlborough House is a historic private residence at 226 Grove Street in Bristol, Connecticut. Built in 1929 for a local businessman, it is a prominent local example of Georgian Revival architecture. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.

text:
# Marlborough House (Bristol, Connecticut)

**Marlborough House** is a historic private residence at 226 Grove Street in Bristol, Connecticut. Built in 1929 for a local businessman, it is a prominent local example of Georgian Revival architecture. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.

## Description and history

Marlborough House stands in a residential area on the eastern side of Bristol's Federal Hill neighborhood, on the south side of Grove Street east of its junction with Bradley Street. It is a 2+12-story brick building with irregular shape, and is covered by a steeply pitched truncated hip roof. It has a basically rectangular main block, from which there are projections at the southern end of the (main) west facade, and at the eastern end of the north facade. The latter is attached to a three-bay period garage with similar styling. The west facade has the main entrance near its center, sheltered by an elliptical portico supported by Doric columns and flanked by Doric pilasters. The interior is richly decorated, with marble flooring in the entry hall, and fine woodwork in its public spaces.

The house was designed by Richard Henry Dana and built in 1929 for Edward Ingraham, whose family were leaders in the locally significant clockmaking industry. Ingraham was president of the E. Ingraham Company, founded by his great-grandfather in 1835, and under his leadership it became one of the largest makers of clocks and watches. His house is one of Bristol's largest and most elaborate examples of Georgian Revival architecture.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Marlborough House | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | 226 Grove St., Bristol, Connecticut |
| Coordinates | 41°40′53″N 72°56′00″W / 41.68149°N 72.93336°W / 41.68149; -72.93336 |
| Area | 2.7 acres (1.1 ha) |
| Built | 1929 (1929) |
| Built by | Torrington Building Co. |
| Architect | Dana, Richard Henry |
| Architectural style | Late 19th And 20th Century Revivals |
| NRHP reference No. | 93000906 |
| Added to NRHP | September 2, 1993 |


title: Maroli (Solapur district)

abstract: Maroli is a village in the Mangalvedha taluka of Solapur district in Maharashtra state, India. Maroli was one of 10 villages of the Mangalvedha taluka where all voters boycotted the 2009 Indian general election polls. They did so to protest the lack of action by elected officials in resolving problems with water supply.

text:
# Maroli (Solapur district)

**Maroli** is a village in the Mangalvedha taluka of Solapur district in Maharashtra state, India.

Maroli was one of 10 villages of the Mangalvedha taluka where all voters boycotted the 2009 Indian general election polls. They did so to protest the lack of action by elected officials in resolving problems with water supply.

## Demographics

Covering 1,349 hectares (3,330 acres) and comprising 335 households at the time of the 2011 census of India, Maroli had a population of 1700. There were 871 males and 829 females, with 216 people being aged six or younger.

## InfoBox

| Maroli | |
| --- | --- |
| village | |
| Country | India |
| State | Maharashtra |
| District | Solapur district |
| Languages | |
| Official | Marathi |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |


title: Mark Rolle

abstract: Hon. Mark George Kerr Rolle, of Stevenstone, St Giles in the Wood, Devon, was High Sheriff of Devon in 1864, a DL of Devon and High Steward of Barnstaple. Due to an inheritance from his uncle by marriage, John Rolle, 1st Baron Rolle (1750–1842), he became the largest private landowner in Devon, and according to the Return of Owners of Land, 1873 his landholdings, of which he was life-tenant under his uncle's will, extended to 55,000 acres. He was a prolific philanthropist and builder and restorer of churches, farmhouses and cottages, the latter for his estate workers.

text:
# Mark Rolle

**Hon. Mark George Kerr Rolle** (13 November 1835 – 27 April 1907;  **Mark George Kerr Trefusis**), of Stevenstone, St Giles in the Wood, Devon, was High Sheriff of Devon in 1864, a DL of Devon and High Steward of Barnstaple.

Due to an inheritance from his uncle by marriage, John Rolle, 1st Baron Rolle (1750–1842), he became the largest private landowner in Devon, and according to the Return of Owners of Land, 1873 his landholdings, of which he was life-tenant under his uncle's will, extended to 55,000 acres. He was a prolific philanthropist and builder and restorer of churches, farmhouses and cottages, the latter for his estate workers.

## Origins

The Honorable Mark George Kerr Trefusis was born on 13 November 1835 at Heanton Satchville in the parish of Huish, Devon, the 2nd son of Charles Rodolph Trefusis, 19th Baron Clinton (1791–1866) by his wife Lady Elizabeth Georgiana Kerr (died 1871), a daughter of William Kerr, 6th Marquess of Lothian. His eldest brother, Charles Henry Rolle Hepburn-Stuart-Forbes-Trefusis later the 20th Baron Clinton, received a large paternal inheritance in land of his own (albeit impoverished by mortgages and annuities to dependent relatives).

## Inheritance

At the age of 6 (in 1842), Mark Trefusis inherited the vast estates of his 92-year-old uncle by marriage, John Rolle, 1st Baron Rolle (1756–1842) of Stevenstone and Bicton. Rolle had married as his 2nd wife Louisa Trefusis (1794–1885), Mark Trefusis's aunt. Rolle died childless and by his will made his wife's nephew, Mark Trefusis, his heir, as a life tenant in tail-male. Rolle's estates amounted to about 55,000 acres (220 km2). As required by Lord Rolle's will on 30 January 1852 Mark Trefusis assumed the arms and name of Rolle by royal licence. He had attended Eton College two years earlier.

## Career

He was made Captain of the North Devon Yeomanry. In 1861, he was Barnstaple's High Steward. In 1864, he was made Sheriff of Devon.

## Marriage and issue

On 6 October 1860 in St Johns, Edinburgh, Rolle married Lady Gertrude Jane Douglas (1838–1924) a daughter of George Sholto Douglas, 17th Earl of Morton (died 1858). Rolle produced no sons, thus the entail male under Lord Rolle's will precluded his daughters from the Rolle inheritance. His two daughters were:

## Succession

His heir under the tail-male of Lord Rolle's will was his nephew Charles John Robert Hepburn-Stuart-Forbes-Trefusis, 21st Baron Clinton (1863–1957), who sold many of the estates to meet inheritance taxes.

## Manors held

Mark Rolle inherited the following manors and properties, amongst many others:

## Building development

### Churches and almshouses

The following churches were either built, rebuilt or restored at the expense of Mark Rolle:

* Church of St Giles, St Giles in the Wood, rebuilt 1862–3,
* Church of St John the Evangelist, Warkleigh
* Church of St Michael, Beer. 1876–7 to designs of Hayward & Son.
* Church of St Peter, Budleigh Salterton, 1891–3, to the design of G. Fellowes-Prynne. This was the successor to the Chapel of the Holy Trinity, at the crossroads of Chapel Hill and East Terrace, built by Lord Rolle in 1812 as a chapel of ease to the parish church of his manor of East Budleigh. He referred to it in his will as "my chapel at Budleigh Salterton" and bequeathed the advowson to his wife, assuming she should continue to reside at Bicton. Following the expansion of the town as a sea-side resort, the chapel was too small for its purpose and Mark Rolle donated land at "The Lawn" for the site of a new church dedicated to St Peter, which he built at a cost of £10,000.
* Holy Trinity Church, Exmouth. The chancel was added by Lady Rolle in 1856 and Mark Rolle commissioned a total re-modelling (1905-7) by G. H. Fellowes-Prynne

### Estate cottages

The Rolle estate terraced cottages in East Devon may be compared as a phenomenon of Victorian philanthropy to the cottages built in the west of the county by the Dukes of Bedford around their Tavistock estate.

### Stevenstone House

Mark Rolle's most ambitious building project was his complete rebuild of Stevenstone House, in the parish of St Giles in the Wood, the most ancient seat of the Rolle family in Devon, where they became established in the 16th century. He demolished the former house on the site in 1868 and built in its place between 1869 and 1873, to the plans of Charles Barry Jr., a huge mansion in the "Franco-Italian style".

### Other

At Exmouth, where Mark Rolle was the chief landowner, he effected radical changes, in the opinion of Pevsner "of little architectural consequence". This appeared to be more of a commercial venture. This is situated around Rolle Street running into Rolle Road, named after him. He sold the Rolle Canal at Great Torrington, built by Baron Rolle 1822-4, to the railway company in 1871.

## Donations

At Woodbury, near East Budleigh, in 1870 he gave the site for the new school. In 1860 he built the "National School" in St Giles in the Wood, with space for 220 children, and erected a reading room in the village. He instituted a new curacy in Chittlehampton and paid the stipend, in which parish he also donated in 1902 a garden for the extension of the churchyard.

## Death and burial

Mark Rolle died on 27 April 1907 at Argelès-sur-Mer in the South of France, and was buried not in a churchyard within a former Rolle manor, but in the Church of St James the Less in Huish, the manor and chief seat of the Trefusis family, Barons Clinton, of Heanton Satchville, Huish. He died without male issue, his heir to the Rolle estates, which were in tail-male, being his nephew Charles John Robert Hepburn-Stuart-Forbes-Trefusis, 21st Baron Clinton (1863–1957). Heavy death duties were payable by his heir, which resulted in the sale of Stevenstone, which was shortly thereafter demolished. Other parts of the North Devon Rolle estates were also sold, the family having decided to concentrate its holdings in East Devon around the historic core of Bicton. Monuments in his memory exist in Holy Trinity Church, Rolle Road, Exmouth and in the Church of St Giles, St Giles in the Wood. He is also commemorated by a large stone cross in the churchyard of St Michael and All Angels, Great Torrington.

### Monuments

#### Beer Church

A memorial tablet exists in Beer Church, which he himself rebuilt, affixed to a north-west pier, with an inscription echoing that of Sir Christopher Wren in St Paul's Cathedral, built by him:

*"To the glory of God and in memory of the Hon.ble Mark G.K. Rolle (son of the 19th Baron Clinton) lord of the manor of Beer and a generous benefactor to this church and village. The tower clock was erected by subscription of parishioners and friends. This church (built A.D. 1877) on an ancient foundation was one of his many gifts to the parish of Beer. He died on the 27th April 1907. Si requiris monumentum circumspice. In memory also of the Lady Gertrude Rolle his wife (daughter of the 19th Earl of Morton) who died on the 21st March 1924"*.

The armorials show Rolle with an inescutcheon of pretence of Walter of Sarsden, indicating the marriage of John Rolle (1679–1730), MP, of Stevenstone, grandfather of Lord Rolle, to the heiress of that family, Isabella Walter. These arms are also visible impaled by Rolle on the Georgian "Library Room" still surviving at Stevenstone.

#### Great Torrington

A Memorial Cross to Mark Rolle exists in the churchyard by the west door of St Michael's Church, Great Torrington, with the following inscription: *"To the glory of God and in memory of the Honourable Mark George Kerr Rolle of Stevenstone, born 13th November 1835 died 27th April 1907 this cross was erected in grateful recognition of his life and character, his generosity and sterling worth, by the inhabitants of Great Torrington and neighbourhood in 1909 during the mayoralty of Milton Chapple"* In 1870 he also gave to the town of Great Torrington the fountain and clock in the square.

#### St Giles-in-the-Wood

In addition to the mural monument within the church erected by his family, a memorial cross was erected at the east side of the churchyard of St Giles's Church, St Giles-in-the-Wood, directly in front of the lych-gate, with the following inscription: *"Erected by the parishioners in loving memory of the Honourable Mark George Kerr Rolle the friend and benefactor of this parish. April 27th 1907"*

1. Boase, p. 745.
2. Vivian p. 466
3. Lauder, p.7
4. Dates derived per her mural monument in St Giles Church; other sources state she was born in Edinburgh on 7 September 1836
5. Some uncertainty over whether her father was George Sholto Douglas, 17th Earl (died 1858) or Sholto John, 18th Earl (died 1884) exists. Debrett's Peerage, 1968, p. 799, states that Sholto John, 18th Earl, did not marry until 1844, which makes his fathering of Gertrude impossible
6. Foster, p. 884.
7. Morris, p. 20.
8. Vivian, p.46
9. Lauder, p.10; Burke's Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Landed Gentry, 15th Edition, ed. Pirie-Gordon, H., London, 1937, p. 259, pedigree of Browne of Buckland Filleigh; Genealogical Magazine, p. 296
10. "Will of Lord Rolle (d.1842)". Prerogative Court of Canterbury Prob 11/1967 (accessed via genuki).
11. Devon Record Office 48/22/2/1
12. Devon Record Office, 48/22/1/2
13. Rogers, p. 12
14. Alexander, p. 64
15. Alexander, p.66
16. Pevsner, p.707
17. Pevsner, p.888
18. Pevsner, p.161
19. Pevsner, p.235
20. St Peters Church.
21. Pevsner, p.443
22. Pevsner, p.75
23. Pevsner, p.161-2
24. Pevsner, p.918
25. Pevsner, p.347
26. Pevsner, p.615
27. Pevsner, p. 760
28. Pevsner, p.464
29. White's Directory of Devonshire , 1890
30. Andrew, pp. 15, 25
31. Rootsweb
32. Lauder, p.10
33. Latin: *Si monumentum requiris circumspice*: "If you seek his monument, look around you", from the epitaph on Christopher Wren's tomb in St Paul's Cathedral
34. Alexander, J.J. & Hooper, W.R., History of Great Torrington, Sutton, 1948, p.64

## Sources

## Further reading

* Baily's Monthly Magazine of Sports and Pastimes, and Racing Register, Vol.19, 1870, biography
* Coates, R. *Records of the Rolle Estates*.
* Ford, Alan (2002). *Mark Rolle: His Architectural Legacy in the Lower Otter Valley*. Otter Valley Association. ISBN 978-0-9507534-5-4.
* Elizabeth Howard (2007). *The Hon Mark Rolle of Stevenstone and Bicton 1835–1907: His Life and Times from Letters, Contemporary Newspapers, and Public Archives*. EGH07. ISBN 978-0-9557621-0-9.
* Rolle Archives, 150 volumes of correspondence written by a succession of Rolle Estate Managers in the 19th century, library, Clinton Estates Devon, East Devon headquarters at Rolle Estate, Bicton.

## InfoBox

| The HonourableMark Rolle | |
| --- | --- |
| 1871 portrait of Hon. Mark Rolle by Hon. Henry Richard Graves. Collection of Barnstaple Town Council, displayed in Council Chamber, Guildhall, Barnstaple | |
| Born | (1835-11-13)13 November 1835
Huish, Devon, England |
| Died | 27 April 1907(1907-04-27) (aged 71)
Argelès-sur-Mer, France |
| Spouse | Gertrude Douglas (m. 1860) |
| Children | 2 |
| Father | Charles Trefusis |
| Relatives | Charles Hepburn-Stuart-Forbes-Trefusis (brother)
Robert Trefusis (grandfather)
William Kerr (grandfather) |


abstract: The Marshal of the United States Supreme Court heads the United States Supreme Court Police, a security police service answerable to the court itself rather than to the president or attorney general. They handle security for the Supreme Court building and for the justices personally.

text:
# Marshal of the United States Supreme Court

The **Marshal of the United States Supreme Court** heads the United States Supreme Court Police, a security police service answerable to the court itself rather than to the president or attorney general. They handle security for the Supreme Court building and for the justices personally.

In accordance with 28 U.S.C. § 672:

> (a) The Supreme Court may appoint a marshal, who shall be subject to removal by the Court, and may fix his compensation.
>
> (b) The marshal may, with the approval of the Chief Justice of the United States, appoint and fix the compensation of necessary assistants and other employees to attend the Court, and necessary custodial employees.
>
> (c) The marshal shall:
>
> (1) Attend the Court at its sessions; (2) Serve and execute all process and orders issued by the Court or a member thereof; (3) Take charge of all property of the United States used by the Court or its members; (4) Disburse funds appropriated for work upon the Supreme Court building and grounds under the jurisdiction of the Architect of the Capitol upon certified vouchers submitted by the Architect; (5) Disburse funds appropriated for the purchase of books, pamphlets, periodicals and other publications, and for their repair, binding, and rebinding, upon vouchers certified by the librarian of the Court; (6) Pay the salaries of the Chief Justice, associate justices, and all officers and employees of the Court and disburse other funds appropriated for disbursement, under the direction of the Chief Justice; (7) Pay the expenses of printing briefs and travel expenses of attorneys in behalf of persons whose motions to appear in *forma pauperis* in the Supreme Court have been approved and when counsel have been appointed by the Supreme Court, upon vouchers certified by the clerk of the Court; (8) Oversee the Supreme Court Police.

To carry out these duties, 40 U.S.C. § 6121 authorizes the Marshal to police the Supreme Court building and protect the Justices, employees of the Court, and visitors to the Court. The Marshal also has authority to make arrests in carrying out these duties.

At the beginning of each session of the Court, the 10 a.m. entrance of the Justices into the Courtroom is announced by the Marshal. Those present, at the sound of the gavel, arise and remain standing until the robed Justices are seated following the traditional chant: "The Honorable, the Chief Justice and the Associate Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States. Oyez! Oyez! Oyez! All persons having business before the Honorable, the Supreme Court of the United States, are admonished to draw near and give their attention, for the Court is now sitting. God save the United States and this Honorable Court!"

## List of Marshals

The office of Marshal was created by statute in 1867. The Marshals since that date have been:

* Richard C. Parsons (1867–1872)
* John G. Nicolay (1872–1887)
* John M. Wright (1888–1915)
* Frank Key Green (1915–1938)
* Thomas E. Waggaman (1938–1952)
* T. Perry Lippitt (1952–1972)
* Frank M. Hepler (1972–1976)
* Alfred M. Wong (1976–1994)
* Dale E. Bosley (1994–2001)
* Pamela Talkin (2001–2020)
* Gail A. Curley (2021–present)

On July 7, 2020, the Court announced that Marshal Talkin would retire effective July 31, 2020, after 19 years as Marshal and 47 total years of federal employment. Her successor, Gail A. Curley, was announced on May 3, 2021, and assumed her duties on June 21, 2021.

* United States Supreme Court Police – The federal law enforcement body led by the Marshal of the United States Supreme Court.
* United States Marshals Service – The United States Marshals Service also executes all lawful writs, processes, and orders issued under the authority of the United States, and shall command all necessary assistance to execute its duties.

## InfoBox

| Marshal of the United States Supreme Court | |
| --- | --- |
| Incumbent
Gail Anne Curley
since June 21, 2021 (2021-06-21) | |
| United States Supreme Court Police | |
| Style | Marshal |
| Status | Chief of Police |
| Reports to | Supreme Court of the United States |
| Seat | Supreme Court Building, Washington, D.C. |
| Appointer | The Supreme Court |
| Constituting instrument | 28 U.S.C. § 672 |
| Formation | 1867 |
| First holder | Richard C. Parsons |


title: Mart Bax

abstract: Marten Meile Gerrit "Mart" Bax is a Dutch emeritus endowed professor in political anthropology at the Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. After his retirement, he came into prominence to the wider public in the Netherlands in 2012 due to suspicions of scientific misconduct. In September 2013, these suspicions were confirmed in an official report.

text:
# Mart Bax

**Marten Meile Gerrit "Mart" Bax** (born 13 April 1937, Zutphen) is a Dutch emeritus (retired in 2002) endowed professor in political anthropology at the Vrije Universiteit (VU University), Amsterdam, the Netherlands. After his retirement, he came into prominence to the wider public in the Netherlands in 2012 due to suspicions of scientific misconduct. In September 2013, these suspicions were confirmed in an official report.

## Biography

He wrote his dissertation (*cum laude*) for the University of Amsterdam in 1973 about the anonymized Irish town "Patricksville".

He further wrote about an anonymized pilgrimage center, called "Neerdonk" in the Dutch province of North Brabant.

He also wrote extensively about the pilgrimage center Medjugorje in the former Yugoslavia.

## Scientific misconduct

The presentation by Bax of the town of "Patricksville" (presumably Buttevant) as having extensive corruption, bribery, and clientelism is considered controversial among experts.

He claimed in his scientific publications there had been an estimated 140 killings, 60 people missing and 600 refugees from the pilgrimage village Medjugorje, in Herzegovina during the Bosnian War (1992–1995). Bax wrote that he had based his observations on extensive local field research. He called these killings the "small war". The reason for the killings in 1991/1992 were according to Bax not ethnic conflict but a vendetta between clans. Apart from very local writings near Medjugorje these claims were first criticized in journalistic writings in 2008. In April 2013 at latest both the existence of the mass killing, missing people, and refugees turned to out to be false beyond reasonable doubt.

In October 2012 the Dutch book *Ontspoorde Wetenschap* (Engl.: *Derailed Science*) by the science journalist Frank van Kolfschooten was published. In the book Van Kolfschooten pointed to the lack of confirmation of the vendetta. Bax had published anonymized results about field research that he stated to have done in a monastery in the province of North Brabant in the Netherlands. Van Kolfschooten had doubts about the existence of the monastery, because the existence of the monastery could not be confirmed by experts and because Bax refused to tell anyone in confidence the name and the location of the monastery. The writings by Van Kolfschooten were largely based on the unpublished work of Dr. Peter Jan Margry of the Meertens institute. The Free University, Amsterdam, reacted by announcing an investigation of Bax's works.

The Dutch *Volkskrant* newspaper wrote in April 2013 that Bax's scientific writings about the Bosnian pilgrimage site Medjugorje contained many important incorrect citations to local writings or to non-existent local writings. Bax also incorrectly stated that the resident register was destroyed during the Bosnian war.

The *Volkskrant* also wrote in the same lengthy article that approximately one third of the scientific publications that Bax had submitted to the university's internal database, called *Metis*, did not exist. The *Volkskrant* accused him of fraud.

A commission to investigate this possible scientific misconduct was chaired by Michiel Baud. It published its findings in a report dated September 9, 2013, which was made public on September 23, 2013. The commission confirmed serious misconduct:

* In the Neerdonk as well as Medjugorje case, Bax stated to have relied on one single local informant. The informant told him improbable stories about public events that were not confirmed by anyone else. Bax furthermore did not make any effort to check these stories. Bax wrote down the stories of the two alleged informants with certainty and in detail as if these were historical facts. The commission considered this methodology scientifically irresponsible and a case of serious scientific misconduct. The commission considered these stories likely to be invented either by Bax or the informants. The commission was unable to interview these two informants, because one had died and the other could not be found. Consequently the most serious scientific misconduct accusation, i.e. data fabrication by Bax, could not be proved.
* Of the 161 publications claimed by Bax, 64 are non-existent. He signed off his yearly publication list, so this makes it a crime of written misrepresentation. This is fraud against his employer.
* The case on the pilgrimage site "Neerdonk", subject of his published inaugural speech, was considered to be invented.
* The book *Medjugorje: Religion, Politics, and Violence in Rural Bosnia* (1995) mentions a blood feud for which there is no evidence at all. None of the inhabitants of the area are aware of anything like this happening.
* Shortly after the publication of the book mentioned above, Bax stated that he misinterpreted some information, but claimed he did not have the chance to make any rectifications.
* The commission established he did have the opportunity to rectify these errors at various occasions, yet never did.
* After the publication of *Medjugorje: Religion, Politics, and Violence in Rural Bosnia*, Bax referred to the blood feud in three other articles, after he already stated to be aware of the misinterpretation, which the commission labeled as "serious scientific misconduct".

The VU announced that it will warn academic publishers against Bax. The VU stated that it will not take legal steps against Bax because he is old and because the crime of written misrepresentation has passed the statute of limitations.

## Reactions by Bax

In Margry's own words, he could not, starting from the mid-1990s, make sense of Bax's works regarding the Neerdonk case, or in particular of Bax's inaugural speech of 1989. Margry contacted Bax and received replies from Bax that did not remove his doubts.

In 2008, the *Frankfurter Rundschau* did not receive a reply from Bax about the fact that he could not have observed in Medjugorje what he claimed to have observed. In 2012, Van Kolfschooten did not receive a reply to the letters that he sent to Bax.

In April 2013, Bax wrote to the *Volkskrant* the following.

* The supposed vendetta between clans in Medjugorje, which Bax referred to as the "little war", was based on a mistake which close colleagues had warned him about in 1995, in which he confused Yugoslavia during World War II (1941–1945) with the Bosnian war (1991–1995). He stated that he had tried in vain to correct his mistake with a rectification in a second edition. The second edition never appeared however. Bax did not explain why he kept on publicizing the "little war" years after the end of the Bosnian war in 1995.
* Bax had written that the resident register had been destroyed during the Bosnian war, which is untrue. Bax explained this by stating that a key informant had told him that he did not need to do any effort to check the killings in the "little war". Bax admitted that in hindsight, he should have done more.
* Bax referred in his writings to a newspaper *Mostarski List,* which never existed. According to Bax, this was not a newspaper but a secret pamphlet.
* Regarding the missing inhabitants due to the "little war", Bax stated that he had seen vacated homes.

In 2013, the Baud committee spoke three times with Bax. In addition to the explanations to the *Volkskrant*, Bax said that he had written down improbable alleged historical events with certainty to make his articles accessible to readers. He stated that he had followed in this respect the example of Norbert Elias. Bax did not reply when the report of the Baud committee was released in September 2013.

## Bax's selected 'scientific' publications

* *Harpstrings and confessions: an anthropological study of politics in rural Ireland*, 1973, dissertation
* *Figurational Analysis: A Better Perspective for Networkers. With an Illustration from Ireland*. In: *Anthropological Quarterly.* Band 51, Nr. 4, 1978.
* *Religieuze regimes en staatsontwikkeling. Notities voor een figuratie-benadering.* In: *Amsterdams Sociologisch Tijdschrift.* Band 12, Nr. 1, 1985, S. 22–48.
* *De vernedering van een heilige. Religieuze machtspolitiek in een zuidnederlandse dorpsgemeenschap*, Hilversum, 1989, inaugural speech
* *Medjugorjes kleine oorlog. Barbarisering in een Bosnische bedevaartplaats.* In: *Amsterdams Sociologisch Tijdschrift.* Band 20, Nr. 1, Amsterdam 1993, S. 3–25.
* *Medjugorje: Religion, Politics, and Violence in Rural Bosnia.* Vrij Universiteit Uitgeverij, Amsterdam 1995. (Anthropological studies VU; v. 16) ISBN 978-90-5383-384-1.
* *Civilization and decivilization in Bosnia.* In: *Ethnologia Europaea.* Band 27:2, 1997.
* *Holy Mary and Medjugorje's Rocketeers.* In: *Ethnologia Europaea.* Band 30:1, 2000.
* *Warlords, Priests and the Politics of Ethnic Cleansing: a Case-Study from Rural Bosnia Hercegovina.* In: *Ethnic and Racial Studies.* Band 23 No. 1, January 2000, S. 16–36. (PDF-Datei; 194 kB)

## Bibliography by others about Bax


title: Marta Dydek

abstract: Marta Krystyna Dydek is a Polish former professional basketball player.

text:
# Marta Dydek

**Marta Krystyna Dydek** (born 11 March 1982) is a Polish former professional basketball player.

## Career

### College

From 2003–2005, Dydek played her college career at University of Texas at El Paso in El Paso, Texas for the UTEP Miners.

### Spain

After college, Dydek began her professional career in Spain's Liga Femenina de Baloncesto, with USP-CEU Adecco Estudiantes. After moving to Mann-Filter Zaragoza for the following season, she would then move down to Liga Femenina 2 de Baloncesto. Over two seasons, she played across four teams. After a season away in Australia, Dydek returned for the 2010–11 season.

### Australia

In 2009, Dydek was signed by the Logan Thunder in the Women's National Basketball League. Dydek's older sister, Margo, lived and coached in Brisbane, Australia and was instrumental in her signing. Dydek was not re-signed for the 2010–11 season.

## National team

Born and raised in Poland, Dydek would follow in the footsteps of her older sisters and represent the Poland national team. She made her debut at the 1997 FIBA Europe Under-16 Championship. Three years later, she would play at the 2000 FIBA Europe Under-18 Championship in Poland, where as the host nation, they would win the bronze medal. At the 2001 FIBA Under-19 World Championship in the Czech Republic, Poland would place 10th.

## Personal life

Dydek was the youngest of three girls, all of whom were professional basketball players and represented the Polish national team. Her two older sisters were, Katarzyna and Małgorzata. The younger of the two, Margo, was the 1st pick overall in the 1998 WNBA draft.

## InfoBox

Marta Dydek
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1982-03-11) 11 March 1982<br>Wołomin, Poland |
| Nationality | Polish |
| Listed height | 6 ft 5 in (1.96 m) |
| Career information | |
| College | Texas at El Paso (2003–2005) |
| WNBA draft | 2005: undrafted |
| Playing career | 2005–2011 |
| Position | Center |
| Career history | |
| 2005–2006 | USP-CEU Adecco Estudiantes  (Spain) |
| 2006–2007 | Mann-Filter Zaragoza  (Spain) |
| 2007 | Alvargomez  (Spain) |
| 2008 | Irlandesas  (Spain) |
| 2008 | Alumisan Pio XII  (Spain) |
| 2009 | Valls Vane-Lafarge  (Spain) |
| 2009–2010 | Logan Thunder  (Australia) |
| 2010–2011 | Femenino Caceres  (Spain) |
| 2011 | Real Canoe NC  (Spain) |
|  | |
| Medals      Representing  Poland  Basketball  FIBA Europe U-18 Championship  2000 Poland  Team | |


title: Marthamycetaceae

abstract:
Marthamycetaceae is a family of fungi belonging to the order Chaetomellales. Genera:
  - Cyclaneusma
  - Marthamyces
  - Melittosporiella Höhn.
  - Mellitiosporium Corda
  - Naemacyclus
  - Phragmiticola Sherwood
  - Propolina
  - Propolis
  - Ramomarthamyces

text:
# Marthamycetaceae

**Marthamycetaceae** is a family of fungi belonging to the order Chaetomellales.

Genera:

## InfoBox

| Marthamycetaceae | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Cyclaneusma niveum* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Leotiomycetes |
| Order: | Chaetomellales |
| Family: | Marthamycetaceae |
|


title: Martin V. Linwell House

abstract: The Martin V. Linwell House is "one of the finest remaining examples of Late Victorian architecture in North Dakota." It is a property in Northwood, North Dakota that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. It was built in 1895 and includes Queen Anne architecture.

text:
# Martin V. Linwell House

The **Martin V. Linwell House** is "one of the finest remaining examples of Late Victorian architecture in North Dakota." It is a property in Northwood, North Dakota that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. It was built in 1895 and includes Queen Anne architecture.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Linwell, Martin V., House | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | 316 S. Raymond St.,<br>Northwood, North Dakota |
| Coordinates | 47°43′56″N 97°34′5″W / 47.73222°N 97.56806°W / 47.73222; -97.56806 |
| Area | less than 1 acre (0.40 ha) |
| Built | 1895 |
| Architectural style | Queen Anne |
| NRHP reference No. | 80002914 |
| Added to NRHP | February 28, 1980 |


title: Marolta

abstract: Marolta is a village and former municipality in the canton of Ticino, Switzerland. It was first recorded in year 1205 as Malouta. The municipality also contained a part of the village Traversa. It had 178 inhabitants in 1808, but this decreased to 136 in 1850, 86 in 1900, 75 in 1950 and 43 in 2000. In 2004 the municipality was merged with the other, neighboring municipalities Castro, Corzoneso, Dongio, Largario, Leontica, Lottigna, Ponto Valentino and Prugiasco to form a new and larger municipality Acquarossa, the name taken from the old village in Lottigna.

text:
# Marolta

**Marolta** is a village and former municipality in the canton of Ticino, Switzerland.

It was first recorded in year 1205 as *Malouta*.

The municipality also contained a part of the village Traversa. It had 178 inhabitants in 1808, but this decreased to 136 in 1850, 86 in 1900, 75 in 1950 and 43 in 2000.

In 2004 the municipality was merged with the other, neighboring municipalities Castro, Corzoneso, Dongio, Largario, Leontica, Lottigna, Ponto Valentino and Prugiasco to form a new and larger municipality Acquarossa, the name taken from the old village in Lottigna.

46°28′42″N 8°55′11″E / 46.47833°N 8.91972°E / 46.47833; 8.91972


title: Martin Garralaga

abstract: Martín Garralaga was a Spanish actor who worked in Hollywood from the 1930s through the 1960s. He was married to opera singer and actress Rosa Rey.

text:
# Martin Garralaga

**Martín Garralaga** (10 November 1894  12 June 1981) was a Spanish actor who worked in Hollywood from the 1930s through the 1960s. He was married to opera singer and actress Rosa Rey.

## Biography

Garralaga first came to the United States when he sailed from Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, to San Juan, Puerto Rico, on the steamship *Catherine* in April 1924. He acted in more than two hundred roles in film and television and is probably best known for his portrayal of "Pancho" in the early Cisco Kid films.

In 1958, Garralaga was cast as Ramirez in the episode "A Tree for Planting" of the CBS western television series, *The Texan*. Lurene Tuttle and Paul Fix were cast in the episode as Amy Bofert and Bert Gorman, respectively. In the storyline, series character Bill Longley (Rory Calhoun) comes to the aid of a distressed Mexican farmer, Ramirez, whose peach orchards are being overrun by cattle ranchers.

Garralaga appeared as Father Mariano, a mission priest, in the 1954 episode "The Saint's Portrait" of the syndicated anthology series *Death Valley Days*, hosted by Stanley Andrews. In the story line, a painting of Saint Joseph is thought by a tribe and its covetous neighbor to be magical. However, Father Mariano reveals its deeper meaning. The episode also starred Rico Alaniz, George J. Lewis, Eugenia Paul, and Chief Thundercloud.

In 1955, he appeared as Mr. Delgado on the TV Western *Cheyenne* in the episode "Border Showdown."

Garralaga died at the age of 86 in Woodland Hills, a part of Los Angeles.

## Serial filmography

* Bordman, Gerald Martin (1995). *American Theatre: A Chronicle of Comedy and Drama, 1914-1930*. Oxford University Press US. ISBN 0-19-509078-0.
* Ronald S. Draper viewed the movie "Branded" on ATT movie channel (940 ENCWES) with Martin Garralaga having a minor role with the screen name of "HERNANDEZ" as evidenced in the credits at the end of the movie.

## InfoBox

| Martin Garralaga | |
| --- | --- |
| Garralaga in *The Fighter* (1952) | |
| Born | (1894-11-10)10 November 1894
Barcelona, Spain |
| Died | 12 June 1981(1981-06-12) (aged 86)
Woodland Hills, Los Angeles, California, U.S. |
| Occupation | Actor |
| Years active | 19301969 |
| Spouse | Rosa Rey |


title: Martha Steffy Browne

abstract: Martha Steffy Browne was an Austrian American economist. A student of Ludwig von Mises, she earned a doctorate in political economy in 1921 from the University of Vienna, one of the first women to do so. Of Jewish descent, Browne emigrated to the United States in 1939, later becoming a professor of economics at Brooklyn College (1947–1969).

text:
# Martha Steffy Browne

**Martha Steffy Browne** (anglicized from **Martha Stephanie Braun** *née* **Herrmann**; 12 December 1898 – 2 March 1990) was an Austrian American economist. A student of Ludwig von Mises, she earned a doctorate in political economy in 1921 from the University of Vienna, one of the first women to do so. Of Jewish descent, Browne emigrated to the United States in 1939, later becoming a professor of economics at Brooklyn College (1947–1969).


title: Martha Stevens

abstract: Martha Stevens is an American politician. She is a former member of the Missouri House of Representatives from the 46th District, serving from 2017 to 2023. Stevens has a bachelor's degree in sociology and a Master's in social work from the University of Missouri.

text:
# Martha Stevens

**Martha Stevens** is an American politician. She is a former member of the Missouri House of Representatives from the 46th District, serving from 2017 to 2023.

Stevens has a bachelor's degree in sociology and a Master's in social work from the University of Missouri.

## InfoBox

| Martha Stevens | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Missouri House of Representatives from the 46th district | |
| **In office**<br>2017–2023 | |
| Succeeded by | David Tyson Smith (redistricting) |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Political party | Democratic |
|  | |


title: Marrickville Town Hall

abstract: There are two buildings, in the now abolished Marrickville Council area, which have held the title Marrickville Town Hall. The original town hall, is a heritage-listed building located at 96-106 Illawarra Road, Marrickville, an inner western suburb of Sydney, in New South Wales, Australia. The building was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999. In 1922, the original building was replaced by the present Marrickville Town Hall, located at 303 Marrickville Road, Marrickville.

text:
# Marrickville Town Hall

There are two buildings, in the now abolished Marrickville Council area, which have held the title **Marrickville Town Hall**. The original town hall, is a heritage-listed building located at 96-106 Illawarra Road, Marrickville, an inner western suburb of Sydney, in New South Wales, Australia. The building was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

In 1922, the original building was replaced by the present Marrickville Town Hall, located at 303 Marrickville Road, Marrickville.

## History

### Original building

The town hall at 96-106 Illawarra Road was opened in 1879. In 1883 a two-storey addition was added, together with a portico and steps with a lion couchant on either side.

The last meeting in the old building was held on 30 January 1922, on completion of the new Town Hall. The old building was then purchased by the Department of Education in May 1922. It formed part of Marrickville Public School, until 1985. In 1988 the school site was purchased by the Department of Housing and subdivided. The land adjoining the town hall was developed for pensioner housing.

#### Heritage listing

The Illawarra Road building is the oldest civil building in Marrickville and the fourth oldest Town Hall in Sydney. It is important for its association with the development and rise of local government in Sydney. It provides an important physical record of the early history of the municipality from its origins as a small village. It demonstrates the early pattern of Australian local politics. Completed 1879 the 2nd storey extension of 1883 incorporated the existing building into a landmark of great aesthetic value. The Building was listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

### New building

The foundation stone for the building at 303 Marrickville Road, Marrickville was laid in 1921. The building was officially opened on 11 February 1922.

#### Nike sculptures

*Winged Victory*, a sculpture of Nike, the Greek goddess of victory, was unveiled outside the site of the future town hall in 1919 before a crowd of approximately 15,000. The sculpture was commissioned to represent a memorial to the 450 residents who died in combat during World War I. Over the years the sculpture deteriorated and it was removed in 2009. In April 2015 a modern, more peaceful interpretation, being a 4-metre (13 ft) bronze statute of Nike was unveiled.

### Attribution

This Wikipedia article contains material from Marrickville Town Hall (former), entry number 00573 in the New South Wales State Heritage Register published by the State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) 2018 under CC-BY 4.0 licence, accessed on 2 June 2018.

Media related to Marrickville Town Hall at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Marrickville Town Hall | |
| --- | --- |
| The later Marrickville Road Town Hall in 2006, showing the original sculpture of Nike, which was replaced in 2015. | |
| Marrickville Town HallLocation in Greater Sydney | |
| General information | |
| Type | Former town hall |
| Location | 96-106 Illawarra Road, Marrickville, New South Wales |
| Country | Australia |
| Coordinates | 33°54′22″S 151°09′35″E / 33.9061701690°S 151.1597483210°E / -33.9061701690; 151.1597483210 |
| Completed | 1879 |
| Design and construction | |
| Architect(s) | Edmund Blacket (attributed) |
| Architecture firm | Blacket & Son |
|  | |
| New South Wales Heritage Register | |
| Official name | Marrickville Town Hall (former) |
| Designated | 2 April 1999 |
| Reference no. | 00573 |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Marrickville Women's Refuge

abstract: Marrickville Women's Refuge, also known as Jean's Place, was a women's support facility formally opened in April 1976. It was one of the earliest refuges to open in New South Wales as part of the original NSW Women's Refuge Movement in response to the need for specialised feminist housing and support services for women and children fleeing domestic violence, following that of Elsie Refuge and Bonnie Women's Refuge. Today, the refuge operates as a company limited by guarantee with the name Marrickville Women's Refuge Ltd, and is registered as a public benevolent institution. The refuge, whilst still known as Marrickville Women's Refuge, has been trading as the Aboriginal Women and Children's Crisis Service since 1 November 2014, after the implementation of the 'Going Home Staying Home' tendering program in New South Wales.

text:
# Marrickville Women's Refuge

**Marrickville Women's Refuge**, also known as **Jean's Place**, was a women's support facility formally opened in April 1976. It was one of the earliest refuges to open in New South Wales as part of the original NSW Women's Refuge Movement in response to the need for specialised feminist housing and support services for women and children fleeing domestic violence, following that of Elsie Refuge and Bonnie Women's Refuge. Today, the refuge operates as a company limited by guarantee with the name Marrickville Women's Refuge Ltd, and is registered as a public benevolent institution. The refuge, whilst still known as Marrickville Women's Refuge, has been trading as the Aboriginal Women and Children's Crisis Service since 1 November 2014, after the implementation of the 'Going Home Staying Home' tendering program in New South Wales.

## History

In January 1974, Vivien Johnson and Kate Jennings, on behalf of a small group of women from the Marrickville area part of the Marrickville Women's Refuge Collective, submitted a letter to the Minister for Security at the time, Bill Hayden, expressing their desire to establish a refuge in the Marrickville municipality. The letter detailed the establishment of the refuge and made a request for government assistance:

> *We would like the government to assist us in the following ways:*
>
> 1. *Rental of premises*
> 2. *Salaries for the above mentioned staff*
> 3. *Running costs*
> 4. *Initial expenses such as furniture, bedding etc.*

This approach to government was initially rejected, and the women were referred to the South-West Sydney Regional Social Development Council to be established under The Australian Assistance Plan for support. At the time, the council did not formally exist. In March 1974, the women submitted a proposal to the council emphasising the need for a women's refuge in the Marrickville area and requested support and financial aid for the establishment and maintenance of the proposed refuge.

> *"A need exists for temporary accommodation for women and their children to help them through particular crisis situations. The existing facilities provided by both government and private agencies, while they alleviate the situation to some extent, are insufficient to cater adequately for this need."*

The council did not become fully operational until early 1975, and it was not until this time that the proposal for the refuge was formally addressed and the request for funds to purchase property and operate the refuge was approved. In June 1975, the Marrickville Women's Refuge Collective received approval for grants totalling more than $100,000 from the council and the Hospitals and Health Services Commission to cover the costs of furniture, equipment, a vehicle, and its first year of operating and salaries. In July, they received a once-off capital grant of $80,000 from the federal government. The grant was recommended by the South-West Sydney Regional Development Council and was to be used for the purchase of a suitable building to establish a refuge for women. Premises was purchased using $64,500 of the allocated grant and in December 1975 the women took possession of the purchased property.

The opening of the refuge was delayed for a further number of months due to a battle with the local council regarding the premises and funding. The local council classified the new refuge as a 'boarding house' and determined that the work of the previous owner of the building would need to be entirely re-done, and the facilities to meet the standards of the new classification. The women struggled with reduced funding for these restoration works and appealed to The Australian Assistance Plan to release the remainder of the $80,000 grant to use for the restorations. However, the refuge officially opened its doors in April 1976, despite the prohibitions imposed by the local and state authorities and the incomplete facilities.

In the following years, the refuge was allocated block funding from the Commonwealth government under the Community Health Program. In 1985, the refuge received a community grant to purchase a utility vehicle to assist with its services. In November 1986, the federal government announced that the refuge would receive $60,000 to renovate and upgrade the existing facilities.

The status of the refuge faced significant uncertainty after the Going Home Staying Home Reforms in 2014, and the failure to secure a tender in the process. In 2014, the original refuge ceased operating and officially closed its doors. At this time, the refuge was then initially granted 15 months funding from the Service Support Fund to begin operating as a specialist Aboriginal service for women and children, and since 2014 the refuge has been trading as the Aboriginal Women and Children's Crisis Service (AWCCS).

Today, the shelter specialises in providing support to Aboriginal women and children who are escaping domestic or family violence. The service also provides support to Aboriginal women and children in the community through various Aboriginal Women's Outreach Services.


title: Marshall–Smith syndrome

abstract: Marshall-Smith Syndrome, discovered in 1971, is characterized by unusual accelerated skeletal maturation and symptoms like conspicuous physical characteristics, respiratory difficulties, and intellectual disability. Cases described in the literature show a clinical variability regarding related symptoms. For instance, respiratory difficulties are ranging from absent to severe difficulties.

text:
# Marshall–Smith syndrome

**Marshall-Smith Syndrome**, discovered in 1971 (Marshall, Graham, Scott, Boner, & Smith), is characterized by unusual accelerated skeletal maturation (usually starting before birth) and symptoms like conspicuous physical characteristics, respiratory difficulties, and intellectual disability. Cases described in the literature show a clinical variability regarding related symptoms. For instance, respiratory difficulties are ranging from absent to severe difficulties.

## Presentation

The syndrome is a rare clinical disorder.

## Genotype

The first gene - NFIX \- that could cause the syndrome has been identified. This gene is located on the short arm of chromosome 19 (19p13.1).

## Diagnosis

Respiratory complications are often cause of death in early infancy.

### Differential diagnosis

Marshall–Smith syndrome is not to be confused with:

## Terminology

### Translated

* English: Marshall–Smith syndrome
* Español: Síndrome de Marshall–Smith
* Français: Le syndrome de Marshall–Smith
* Italiano: Sindrome di Marshall–Smith
* Nederlands: Marshall–Smithsyndroom, syndroom van Marshall–Smith
* Polski: Zespół Marshalla–Smitha, Zespół Marshalla i Smitha
* Русский: Синдром Маршалла–Смита

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Marshall-Smith syndrome | |
| --- | --- |
| Other names | Greig's syndrome, Polysyndactyly cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome, Accelerated skeletal maturation, Marshall-Smith type, Marshall–Smith–Weaver syndrome |


title: The Truth (play)

abstract:
The Truth is a play in four acts by Clyde Fitch, first performed in 1906
(some sources say 1907).

text:
# The Truth (play)

***The Truth*** is a play in four acts by Clyde Fitch, first performed in 1906 (some sources say 1907).

## Synopsis

Eve Lindon is a 1903 society matron who suspects her husband, Fred, of having an affair with her good friend Becky Warder. She hires a private detective to follow him around and finds out that Becky and Fred have seen each other almost every day. Eve Lindon goes to Becky Warder's house to confront Becky, but Becky lies about seeing Tom so often. Eve announces her fears to Tom Warder, who vehemently disbelieves Eve's claims. He doesn't believe his wife would ever lie to him. The situation is complicated by Becky's view of reality, that she can lie whenever and however she wants. Becky has told so many lies that her claims that she hasn't been meeting with Fred daily begin to sound suspicious to Tom.