title: We Remember Sam Cooke

abstract: We Remember Sam Cooke is the fifth studio album recorded by The Supremes, issued by Motown in April 1965. The album is a tribute album dedicated to soul musician Sam Cooke, who had died the previous December. Notable selections on the album, consisting entirely of Cooke covers, included covers of "A Change Is Gonna Come", "You Send Me" and "(Ain't That) Good News". It was the second most successful in a series of themed albums enjoying a number five peak on the Billboard R&B chart.

text:
# We Remember Sam Cooke

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *The Encyclopedia of Popular Music* |  |

***We Remember Sam Cooke*** is the fifth studio album recorded by The Supremes, issued by Motown in April 1965. The album is a tribute album dedicated to soul musician Sam Cooke, who had died the previous December. Notable selections on the album, consisting entirely of Cooke covers, included covers of "A Change Is Gonna Come", "You Send Me" and "(Ain't That) Good News" (led by Florence Ballard).

It was the second most successful in a series of themed albums enjoying a number five peak on the Billboard R&B chart.

## Track listing

All songs written by Sam Cooke, except where noted.

### Side One

1. "You Send Me"
2. "Nothing Can Change This Love"
3. "Cupid"
4. "Chain Gang" (Sam Cooke, Charles Cook)
5. "Bring It on Home to Me"
6. "Only Sixteen"

### Side Two

1. "Havin' a Party"
2. "Shake"
3. "Wonderful World" (Sam Cooke, Herb Alpert, Lou Adler)
4. "A Change Is Gonna Come"
5. "(Ain't That) Good News"

## Personnel

## Charts

| Chart (1965) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| US *Billboard* 200 | 75 |
| US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums (*Billboard*) | 5 |

## InfoBox

| We Remember Sam Cooke | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by The Supremes | |
| Released | April 12, 1965 |
| Recorded | 1965 |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 28:20 |
| Label | Motown |
| Producer |  |
| The Supremes chronology | |
| *The Supremes Sing Country, Western and Pop*
(1965) ***We Remember Sam Cooke***
(1965) *More Hits by The Supremes*
(1965) | |
|  | |
| Alternative cover | |
|  | |
| Cover for United Kingdom/international versions | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Wei Long Wong

abstract: Wong Wei Long is a Singaporean professional basketball player for the Adroit Club of the National Basketball League (NBL). With his ability to knockdown the three ball at a high percentage, he has earned the nicknames of the Long-ranger and the Singapore Assassin.

text:
# Wei Long Wong

**Wong Wei Long** (simplified Chinese: 黄伟龙; traditional Chinese: 黃偉龍; pinyin: *huáng wěi lóng*, born 18 August 1988 in Singapore) is a Singaporean professional basketball player for the Adroit Club of the National Basketball League (NBL). With his ability to knockdown the three ball at a high percentage, he has earned the nicknames of the **Long-ranger** and the **Singapore Assassin**.

## ABL career

In 2008, Wei Long had a brief stint with the Singapore Slingers while the team was competing in the 2008/09 Singapore Challenge Series.

In August 2009, Wei Long signed a one-year contract to play for the Singapore Slingers along with 7 other local players. He scored a season high of 14 points, including 4 3-pointers against the Brunei Barracudas on 18 October 2009, the opening night of the inaugural ASEAN Basketball League.

On 29 November 2011, Wei Long, together with Shengyu Lim and Desmond Oh, formed the first trio of Singaporeans that signed new contracts with the Slingers for the 2012 Asean Basketball League season.

For the 2013 season, pursuing a higher education at Nanyang Technological University, Wei Long signed a new contract with the Slingers with a partial commitment, which sees him missing out on most of the teams' away games. Wei Long switched his No 5 jersey to 8. Despite juggling his commitments between his studies and the team, 2013 became Wei Long's most outstanding season yet. He was nominated for the AirAsia player of the month for February, averaging 16.5 points in that month. He was also honoured as one of the three best homegrown talents in the ASEAN region who averaged more than 10 points for their team.

On 31 March, Wei Long scored his career-high of 29 points against the Saigon Heat, the most points ever scored by any local player in the team. This performance topped his previous career-high of 20 points against the same team on 17 February 2013, the Singapore Slingers Cancer Awareness night.

In 2017, after the game against Kaohsiung Truth, Wong scored his 1000th ABL career points.

After sitting out for the 2017–18 ABL season, he officially signed with the CLS Knights Indonesia for the upcoming 2018–19 ABL season. It is believed that he is the first Singaporean to play professional basketball outside of the republic.

## ABL statistics

Legend
| GP | Games played | GS | Games started | MPG | Minutes per game |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| FG% | Field goal percentage | 3P% | 3-point field goal percentage | FT% | Free throw percentage |
| RPG | Rebounds per game | APG | Assists per game | SPG | Steals per game |
| BPG | Blocks per game | PPG | Points per game | **Bold** | Career high |

| Year | Team | GP | GS | MPG | FG% | 3P% | FT% | RPG | APG | SPG | BPG | PPG |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2009–10 | Singapore | 16 | 0 | 10:20 | .302 | .351 | .429 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.25 | .0 | 3.2 |
| 2010–11 | Singapore | 15 | 0 | 5:30 | .261 | .143 | .429 | .3 | .3 | .0 | .0 | 1.1 |
| 2012 | Singapore | 21 | 3 | **25:54** | **0.361** | .291 | **.827** | 1.8 | **2.0** | **1.1** | .0 | 9.1 |
| 2013 | Singapore | 14 | 1 | 22:24 | .278 | **.361** | .818 | **2.3** | 1.1 | .9 | **.1** | **11.4** |

## International career

Wei Long is also a member of the men's Singapore national basketball team. In the 2011 SEABA tournament, Wei Long averaged 17.0 points and 4.0 rebounds, and shot a team-high 45.8% from three-point range.

## InfoBox

Wong Wei Long
黄伟龙
| Wong with the Slingers | |
| --- | --- |
| No. 5  Singapore Adroit | |
| Position | Point guard |
| League | NBL Singapore |
| Personal information | |
| Born | (1988-08-18) 18 August 1988<br>Singapore |
| Nationality | Singaporean / Indonesian |
| Listed height | 5 ft 9 in (1.75 m) |
| Listed weight | 171 lb (78 kg) |
| Career information | |
| College | Nanyang Technological University |
| Playing career | 2009–present |
| Career history | |
| 2009–2017 | Singapore Slingers |
| 2018–2019 | CLS Knights Indonesia |
| 2023-present | Adroit Club |
|  | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Medals      Men's Basketball  Representing  Singapore  Southeast Asian Games  2013 Naypyidaw Team  2015 Singapore Team  SEABA Cup  2014 Batam Team | |


title: Mahabad Dam

abstract: Mahabad Dam is an embankment dam on the Mahabad River near the city of Mahabad, West Azerbaijan province, Iran. It was built before the Islamic revolution by Yugoslavian engineers and is one of the ten largest dams in Iran. On average, the total volume of annual water input is equal to 339.304 million cubic meters. The Mahabad Dam provides water for agriculture (71%), industry (11%), drinking (7%), and other miscellaneous purposes (11%). The dam also has a hydroelectric power station. Construction began in 1968 and the dam was completed in 1970. Mahabad–Sardasht Road and Mahabad-Piranshahr Road pass along the lake.

text:
# Mahabad Dam

**Mahabad Dam** (Persian: سد مهاباد) is an embankment dam on the Mahabad River near the city of Mahabad, West Azerbaijan province, Iran. It was built before the Islamic revolution by Yugoslavian engineers and is one of the ten largest dams in Iran. On average, the total volume of annual water input is equal to 339.304 million cubic meters. The Mahabad Dam provides water for agriculture (71%), industry (11%), drinking (7%), and other miscellaneous purposes (11%). The dam also has a hydroelectric power station. Construction began in 1968 and the dam was completed in 1970.

Mahabad–Sardasht Road and Mahabad-Piranshahr Road pass along the lake.

## Geographical and climatic location

This dam is located near Mahabad city. Mahabad is limited to Urmia lake and Miandoab city in the north, Bukan city in the east, Saqqez and Sardasht cities in the south, and Piranshahr and Naqadeh cities in the west.

Mahabad city is located between 45 degrees and 43 minutes east longitude and 36 degrees and 58 minutes to 36 degrees and 32 minutes north latitude And its height is 1,385 meters above sea level.

## amount of rainfall

In the Mahabad region, the amount of rainfall in higher altitudes is more than in places with lower altitudes.

Rainfall in the high places of Mahabad region is 750 mm per year, but with the decrease in altitude, the amount of rainfall decreases, so that this amount reaches 300 mm per year at the end of the northern part of Mahabad plain. During ten years, the average amount of annual rainfall is about 350 mm, which is the highest at the beginning of spring, equal to 24.79 mm, and the lowest amount of rainfall is equal to 3 mm in August.The maximum daily rainfall at the beginning of winter is 38 mm.

1. Nazari-Sharabian, Mohammad; Taheriyoun, Masoud; Ahmad, Sajjad; Karakouzian, Moses; Ahmadi, Azadeh (2019). "Water Quality Modeling of Mahabad Dam Watershed–Reservoir System under Climate Change Conditions, Using SWAT and System Dynamics". *Water*. **11** (2): 394. doi:10.3390/w11020394.
2. "Specifications of Thermal and Hydro Plants in 2009" (Excel). Tavanir. Retrieved 19 January 2015.
3. "Reference List for Hydro Power Plants" (PDF). INGRA. Retrieved 19 January 2015.
4. Emami, Somayeh; Jahandideh, Omid; Yousefi, Hossein; Emami, Hojjat; Achite, Mohammed (April 2023). "Application of Meta-Heuristic Algorithms in Reservoir Supply Optimization Case Study: Mahabad Dam in Iran". *Journal of Soft Computing in Civil Engineering*. **7** (2). doi:10.22115/scce.2023.359560.1518.
5. "دریاچه سد مهاباد". Archived from the original on 2013-12-03. Retrieved 2012-04-21.
6. Nazari-Sharabian, Mohammad; Taheriyoun, Masoud; Ahmad, Sajjad; Karakouzian, Moses; Ahmadi, Azadeh (February 2019). "Water Quality Modeling of Mahabad Dam Watershed–Reservoir System under Climate Change Conditions, Using SWAT and System Dynamics". *Water*. **11** (2): 394. doi:10.3390/w11020394. ISSN 2073-4441.
7. D. Abolhassani; R.P. Brenner; F. Bahrami-Samani (June 1988). "Unusual Behaviour of an Earth-Rockfill Dam" (PDF). *Proceedings: Second International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering*. **3** (1). StLouis, Mo. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 January 2015. Retrieved 19 January 2015.
8. "Double increase in water reserves behind Mahabad Dam". IRNA. 15 December 2014. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 19 January 2015.
9. Group, IranThemes com And Reza Kianoosh Design (2014-12-24). "زلزله و مسائل زمينساختي شهر و منطقه مهاباد |". *شهرسازی آنلاین* (in Persian). Retrieved 2023-10-26. `{{cite web}}`: `|last=` has generic name (help)

## InfoBox

| Mahabad Dam | |
| --- | --- |
| The dam at night | |
| Location of Mahabad Dam in Iran | |
| Country | Iran |
| Location | Mahabad, West Azerbaijan province |
| Coordinates | 36°46′03″N 45°42′06″E / 36.76750°N 45.70167°E / 36.76750; 45.70167 |
| Purpose | Flood control, Irrigation, Power |
| Status | Operational |
| Construction began | 1968 |
| Opening date | 1970 (1970) |
| Owner(s) | Regional Company of West Azerbaijan |
| Dam and spillways | |
| Type of dam | Embankment, earth and rock-fill |
| Impounds | Mahabad River |
| Height | 45 m (148 ft) |
| Height (foundation) | 47 m (154 ft) |
| Length | 700 m (2,300 ft) |
| Width (crest) | 8 m (26 ft) |
| Width (base) | 221.5 m (727 ft) |
| Dam volume | 1,500,000 m3 (2,000,000 cu yd) |
| Reservoir | |
| Total capacity | 230,000,000 m3 (190,000 acre⋅ft) |
| Active capacity | 190,000,000 m3 (150,000 acre⋅ft) |
| Catchment area | 808 km2 |
| Normal elevation | 1,358.5 m (4,457 ft) |
| Operator(s) | Regional Company of West Azerbaijan |
| Commission date | 1972 |
| Turbines | 2 x 3 MW |
| Installed capacity | 6 MW |


title: Weißach (Tegernsee)

abstract: Weißach is a river of Bavaria, Germany. It flows into the Tegernsee, which is drained by the Mangfall, near Rottach-Egern.

text:
# Weißach (Tegernsee)

**Weißach** is a river of Bavaria, Germany. It flows into the Tegernsee, which is drained by the Mangfall, near Rottach-Egern.

## InfoBox

| Weißach | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Bavaria |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Mouth |  |
| location | Tegernsee |
| coordinates | 47°41′42″N 11°44′17″E / 47.6949°N 11.7381°E / 47.6949; 11.7381 |
| Length | 23.5 km (14.6 mi) |
| Basin features | |
| Progression | MangfallInnDanubeBlack Sea |


abstract: The Women's 63 kilograms event at the 2018 Asian Games took place on 24 August 2018 at the Jakarta International Expo Hall A.

text:
# Weightlifting at the 2018 Asian Games – Women's 63 kg

The **Women's 63 kilograms** event at the 2018 Asian Games took place on 24 August 2018 at the Jakarta International Expo Hall A.

## Schedule

All times are Western Indonesia Time (UTC+07:00)

| Date | Time | Event |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Friday, 24 August 2018 | 14:00 | Group A |

## Records

Prior to this competition, the existing world, Asian and Games records were as follows.

| **World Record** | Snatch | Svetlana Tsarukaeva (RUS) | **117 kg** | Paris, France | 8 November 2011 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Clean & Jerk | Deng Wei (CHN) | **147 kg** | Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | 9 August 2016 |
| | Total | Deng Wei (CHN) | **262 kg** | Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | 9 August 2016 |
|  | | | | | | |
| **Asian Record** | Snatch | Pawina Thongsuk (THA) | **116 kg** | Doha, Qatar | 12 November 2005 |
| | Clean & Jerk | Deng Wei (CHN) | **147 kg** | Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | 9 August 2016 |
| | Total | Deng Wei (CHN) | **262 kg** | Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | 9 August 2016 |
|  | | | | | | |
| **Games Record** | Snatch | Lin Tzu-chi (TPE) | **116 kg** | Incheon, South Korea | 23 September 2014 |
| | Clean & Jerk | Lin Tzu-chi (TPE) | **145 kg** | Incheon, South Korea | 23 September 2014 |
| | Total | Lin Tzu-chi (TPE) | **261 kg** | Incheon, South Korea | 23 September 2014 |

## Results

Legend * **NM** — No mark

| Rank | Athlete | Group | Snatch (kg) | | | | Clean & Jerk (kg) | | | | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | 1 | 2 | 3 | Result | 1 | 2 | 3 | Result | |
|  | Kim Hyo-sim (PRK) | A | 111 | ~~113~~ | 113 | 113 | 132 | 135 | 137 | 137 | **250** |
|  | Choe Hyo-sim (PRK) | A | ~~105~~ | ~~105~~ | 105 | 105 | 133 | ~~138~~ | ~~138~~ | 133 | **238** |
|  | Rattanawan Wamalun (THA) | A | 95 | 99 | 102 | 102 | ~~123~~ | 123 | ~~133~~ | 123 | **225** |
| 4 | Elreen Ando (PHI) | A | 85 | 90 | ~~93~~ | 90 | 105 | 111 | ~~115~~ | 111 | **201** |
| 5 | Kim Ye-ra (KOR) | A | ~~90~~ | ~~90~~ | 90 | 90 | 110 | ~~114~~ | ~~114~~ | 110 | **200** |
| 6 | Mabia Akhter (BAN) | A | ~~73~~ | 73 | 77 | 77 | 98 | 101 | ~~103~~ | 101 | **178** |
|  | Rakhi Halder (IND) | A | ~~93~~ | ~~93~~ | ~~93~~ |  |  |  |  |  | **NM** |

## InfoBox

| Women's 63 kg <br>at the 2018 Asian Games | |
| --- | --- |
| Venue | Jakarta International Expo |
| Date | 24 August |
| Competitors | 7 from 6 nations |
| Medalists | |
| North Korea  North Korea  Thailand | |
|


abstract: The Women's +75 kilograms event at the 2018 Asian Games took place on 27 August 2018 at the Jakarta International Expo Hall A.

text:
# Weightlifting at the 2018 Asian Games – Women's +75 kg

The **Women's +75 kilograms** event at the 2018 Asian Games took place on 27 August 2018 at the Jakarta International Expo Hall A.

## Schedule

All times are Western Indonesia Time (UTC+07:00)

| Date | Time | Event |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Monday, 27 August 2018 | 17:00 | Group A |

## Records

Prior to this competition, the existing world, Asian and Games records were as follows.

| **World Record** | Snatch | Tatiana Kashirina (RUS) | **155 kg** | Almaty, Kazakhstan | 16 November 2014 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Clean & Jerk | Tatiana Kashirina (RUS) | **193 kg** | Almaty, Kazakhstan | 16 November 2014 |
| | Total | Tatiana Kashirina (RUS) | **348 kg** | Almaty, Kazakhstan | 16 November 2014 |
|  | | | | | | |
| **Asian Record** | Snatch | Zhou Lulu (CHN) | **146 kg** | Paris, France | 13 November 2011 |
| | Clean & Jerk | Zhou Lulu (CHN) | **192 kg** | Incheon, South Korea | 26 September 2014 |
| | Total | Zhou Lulu (CHN) | **334 kg** | Incheon, South Korea | 26 September 2014 |
|  | | | | | | |
| **Games Record** | Snatch | Zhou Lulu (CHN) | **142 kg** | Incheon, South Korea | 26 September 2014 |
| | Clean & Jerk | Zhou Lulu (CHN) | **192 kg** | Incheon, South Korea | 26 September 2014 |
| | Total | Zhou Lulu (CHN) | **334 kg** | Incheon, South Korea | 26 September 2014 |

## Results

| Rank | Athlete | Group | Snatch (kg) | | | | Clean & Jerk (kg) | | | | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | 1 | 2 | 3 | Result | 1 | 2 | 3 | Result | |
|  | Kim Kuk-hyang (PRK) | A | 120 | 123 | 126 | 126 | 160 | 165 | ~~167~~ | 165 | **291** |
|  | Son Young-hee (KOR) | A | 116 | 120 | 122 | 122 | 155 | 160 | ~~165~~ | 160 | **282** |
|  | Duangaksorn Chaidee (THA) | A | 114 | 118 | 121 | 121 | 154 | 157 | 159 | 159 | **280** |
| 4 | Lee Hui-sol (KOR) | A | 118 | 122 | ~~124~~ | 122 | 150 | 155 | 157 | 157 | **279** |
| 5 | Chitchanok Pulsabsakul (THA) | A | 117 | 121 | ~~125~~ | 121 | 147 | ~~152~~ | ~~152~~ | 147 | **268** |
| 6 | Nurul Akmal (INA) | A | 108 | 112 | 116 | 116 | 137 | ~~147~~ | ~~147~~ | 137 | **253** |

## InfoBox

| Women's +75 kg <br>at the 2018 Asian Games | |
| --- | --- |
| Venue | Jakarta International Expo |
| Date | 27 August |
| Competitors | 6 from 4 nations |
| Medalists | |
| North Korea  South Korea  Thailand | |
|


title: Weißenthurm

abstract: Weißenthurm is a town in the district of Mayen-Koblenz, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is situated on the left bank of the Rhine, opposite Neuwied, approximately 12 km northwest of Koblenz. The town is spelled with an ß which may be replaced by ss if not available (Weissenthurm). Weißenthurm is the seat of the Verbandsgemeinde Weißenthurm.

text:
# Weißenthurm

**Weißenthurm** is a town in the district of Mayen-Koblenz, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is situated on the left bank of the Rhine, opposite Neuwied, approximately 12 km northwest of Koblenz.

The town is spelled with an  which may be replaced by ss if not available (Weissenthurm).

Weißenthurm is the seat of the *Verbandsgemeinde* ("collective municipality") Weißenthurm.

## InfoBox

| Weißenthurm | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
|  | |
| Location of Weißenthurm within Mayen-Koblenz district | |
| Weißenthurm Weißenthurm | |
| Coordinates: 50°24′52″N 7°27′38″E / 50.41444°N 7.46056°E / 50.41444; 7.46056 | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Rhineland-Palatinate |
| District | Mayen-Koblenz |
| Municipal assoc. | Weißenthurm |
| Government | |
| Mayor (201924) | Gerd Heim (CDU) |
| Area | |
| Total | 3.99 km2 (1.54 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 65 m (213 ft) |
| Population (2022-12-31) | |
| Total | 9,259 |
| Density | 2,300/km2 (6,000/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal codes | 56575 |
| Dialling codes | 02637 |
| Vehicle registration | MYK |
| Website | www.weissenthurm.de |


abstract: The men's +109 kilograms competition at the 2022 Asian Games took place on 7 October 2023 at the Xiaoshan Sports Center Gymnasium.

text:
# Weightlifting at the 2022 Asian Games – Men's +109 kg

The **men's +109 kilograms** competition at the 2022 Asian Games took place on 7 October 2023 at the Xiaoshan Sports Center Gymnasium.

## Schedule

All times are China Standard Time (UTC+08:00)

| Date | Time | Event |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Saturday, 7 October 2023 | 19:00 | Group A |

## Records

Prior to this competition, the existing world, Asian and Games records were as follows.

| **World Record** | Snatch | Lasha Talakhadze (GEO) | **225 kg** | Tashkent, Uzbekistan | 17 December 2021 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Clean & Jerk | Lasha Talakhadze (GEO) | **267 kg** | Tashkent, Uzbekistan | 17 December 2021 |
| | Total | Lasha Talakhadze (GEO) | **492 kg** | Tashkent, Uzbekistan | 17 December 2021 |
|  | | | | | | |
| **Asian Record** | Snatch | Gor Minasyan (BHR) | **217 kg** | Jinju, South Korea | 13 May 2023 |
| | Clean & Jerk | Gor Minasyan (BHR) | **250 kg** | Bogotá, Colombia | 16 December 2022 |
| | Total | Gor Minasyan (BHR) | **464 kg** | Jinju, South Korea | 13 May 2023 |
|  | | | | | | |
| **Games Record** | Snatch | Not Established | **199 kg** |  |  |
| | Clean & Jerk | Not Established | **243 kg** |  |  |
| | Total | Not Established | **441 kg** |  |  |

## Results

| Rank | Athlete | Group | Snatch (kg) | | | Clean & Jerk (kg) | | | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | |
|  | Gor Minasyan (BHR) | A | 205 | **212 GR** |  | 235 | **245 GR** |  | **457 GR** |
|  | Ali Davoudi (IRI) | A | **192** | ~~200~~ | ~~200~~ | **234** | ~~246~~ |  | **426** |
|  | Rustam Djangabaev (UZB) | A | 185 | ~~190~~ | **190** | 226 | **233** |  | **423** |
| 4 | Lee Jae-sang (KOR) | A | 170 | **177** | ~~182~~ | ~~220~~ | **223** |  | **400** |
| 5 | Hojamuhammet Toýçyýew (TKM) | A | 170 | **177** | ~~182~~ | 215 | **222** | ~~225~~ | **399** |
| 6 | Muhammad Abdullah Butt (PAK) | A | ~~145~~ | **145** | ~~152~~ | ~~190~~ | **190** | ~~200~~ | **335** |
| 7 | Sagar Bhandari (NEP) | A | 125 | ~~133~~ | **133** | 161 | **170** | ~~175~~ | **303** |
| 8 | Ibragim Bersanov (KAZ) | A | **130** |  |  | **150** |  |  | **280** |
|  | Ayat Sharifi (IRI) | A | **185** | ~~193~~ | ~~193~~ |  |  |  |  |

## New records

| Snatch | 205 kg | Gor Minasyan (BHR) | **GR** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | 212 kg | | **GR** |
| Clean & Jerk | 245 kg | | **GR** |
| Total | 447 kg | | **GR** |
| | 457 kg | | **GR** |

## InfoBox

| Men's +109 kg <br>at the 2022 Asian Games | |
| --- | --- |
| Venue | Xiaoshan Sports Center Gymnasium |
| Date | 7 October |
| Competitors | 9 from 8 nations |
| Winning total | 457 kg **GR** |
| Medalists | |
| Bahrain  Iran  Uzbekistan | |
|


title: Wejo

abstract: Wejo Group Ltd was a British connected vehicle data start-up founded by entrepreneur Richard Barlow, headquartered in Greater Manchester, England. Wejo collected in near-real-time 14.6 billion data points and analyzed 66 million journeys across a network of 10.7 million live vehicles from a supply base of over 50 million connected vehicles. The Company offered a trading platform for connected car data and analytics. Wejo served customers worldwide and was founded in 2013. The company, which was backed by General Motors, went through a special purpose acquisition (SPAC) merger in 2021. The merger raised $330M for Wejo including $230M from the SPAC company Virtuoso and the other $125M from private investment in public equity (PIPE) financing. Wejo called in administrators at the end of May 2023, following a loss of investment capital.

text:
# Wejo

**Wejo Group Ltd** was a British connected vehicle data start-up founded by entrepreneur Richard Barlow, headquartered in Greater Manchester, England. Wejo collected in near-real-time 14.6 billion data points and analyzed 66 million journeys across a network of 10.7 million live vehicles from a supply base of over 50 million connected vehicles. The Company offered a trading platform for connected car data and analytics. Wejo served customers worldwide and was founded in 2013.

The company, which was backed by General Motors, went through a special purpose acquisition (SPAC) merger in 2021. The merger raised $330M for Wejo including $230M from the SPAC company Virtuoso and the other $125M from private investment in public equity (PIPE) financing.

Wejo called in administrators at the end of May 2023, following a loss of investment capital.

## History

Wejo was founded in 2013 above a Greek restaurant in Manchester. Wejo, stands for "we journey," and at start-up it raised $157 million according to PitchBook from such investors as General Motors, which acquired a significant stake in 2019, German auto supplier Hella, DIP Capital and the British government.

In November 2019, Wejo opened a second UK office in the centre of Manchester's technology and enterprise zone.

Wejo participated in 3 rounds of funding following its founding and raised $120.2M in capital. At one point, it was classed as one of the UK’s prospective billion dollar-valued firms.

At the end of May 2023, Wejo called in administrators as it ran out of investment capital.

## Partnerships

In June 2021 it was announced that Wejo would partner with Waycare to deliver a joint offering to 20 locations across the United States, with Wejo’s data supplementing Waycare’s existing data sources, providing traffic managers with a comprehensive understanding of conditions and the ability to not only detect and predict incidents, but also respond faster and more effectively based on real-world, near real-time data in a single platform from which they can all collaborate.

On 29 June 2021, it was announced that Microsoft and Japanese insurance giant Sompo had joined Palantir in partnering with Wejo.

## Technology

Wejo streamed high volumes of anonymized vehicle data direct from the automotive manufacturer in real-time, before cleansing, normalizing, and processing it. It also standardized the data across data sources to ensure consistency. The data was delivered from the vehicle source to the end-user customer within 32 seconds.

Wejo had the largest number of accessible connected vehicles on its platform, with 42 million in 2019. Up to July 2020, Wejo had curated over 140 billion miles of data.

## InfoBox

Wejo Group Ltd
|
|  |
| Company type | Public company |
| Traded as |  |
| Industry | Automotive Data |
| Founded | 2013 (2013) |
| Founder | Richard Barlow |
| Defunct | June 2023 |
| Headquarters | Manchester, England, UK |
| Products | Connected Vehicle Data |
| Revenue | US$8.4 million (2022) |
| Number of employees | 275 (2022) |
| Website | wejo.com(*no longer updated*) |
| **Footnotes / references**<br> | |


title: We'll Burn That Bridge

abstract: "We'll Burn That Bridge" is a song written by Don Cook and Ronnie Dunn and recorded by American country music duo Brooks & Dunn. Released in May 1993 as the second single from their album, Hard Workin' Man, it peaked at #2 on the country charts for two weeks, behind "Chattahoochee" by Alan Jackson.

text:
# We'll Burn That Bridge

**"We'll Burn That Bridge"** is a song written by Don Cook and Ronnie Dunn and recorded by American country music duo Brooks & Dunn. Released in May 1993 as the second single from their album, *Hard Workin' Man*, it peaked at #2 on the country charts for two weeks, behind "Chattahoochee" by Alan Jackson.

## Content

The song's narrator meets a woman whose man had walked out on her. The narrator promises her that he'll take her so much higher from where the man left her down at, and tells her that if her former lover's memory comes around, that they'll burn that bridge when they get there.

## Chart positions

"We'll Burn That Bridge" debuted at number 70 on the U.S. *Billboard* Hot Country Singles & Tracks for the week of May 15, 1993.

| Chart (1993) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Canada Country Tracks (*RPM*) | 1 |
| US Hot Country Songs (*Billboard*) | 2 |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (1993) | Position |
| --- | --- |
| Canada Country Tracks (*RPM*) | 30 |
| US Country Songs (*Billboard*) | 22 |

## InfoBox

| "We'll Burn That Bridge" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Brooks & Dunn | |
| from the album  *Hard Workin' Man* | |
| B-side | "Heartbroke Out of My Mind" |
| Released | May 3, 1993 |
| Genre | Country |
| Length | 2:57 |
| Label | Arista 12563 |
| Songwriter(s) | Don Cook
Ronnie Dunn |
| Producer(s) | Don Cook
Scott Hendricks |
| Brooks & Dunn singles chronology | |
| "Hard Workin' Man"
(1993) "**We'll Burn That Bridge**"
(1993) "She Used to Be Mine"
(1993) | |


title: Weismanniola

abstract: Weismanniola is a genus of moths in the family Sesiidae, containing only one species Weismanniola agdistiformis, which is found in southern Russia and western Kazakhstan. The larvae possibly feed on Artemisia species.

text:
# Weismanniola

***Weismanniola*** is a genus of moths in the family Sesiidae, containing only one species ***Weismanniola agdistiformis***, which is found in southern Russia and western Kazakhstan.

The larvae possibly feed on *Artemisia* species.

## InfoBox

| *Weismanniola* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Sesiidae |
| Tribe: | Synanthedonini |
| Genus: | *Weismanniola*
Naumann, 1971 |
| Species: | ***W. agdistiformis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Weismanniola agdistiformis***
(Staudinger, 1866) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Sesia agdistiformis* Staudinger, 1866 | |


title: Well control

abstract: Well control is the technique used in oil and gas operations such as drilling, well workover and well completion for maintaining the hydrostatic pressure and formation pressure to prevent the influx of formation fluids into the wellbore. This technique involves the estimation of formation fluid pressures, the strength of the subsurface formations and the use of casing and mud density to offset those pressures in a predictable fashion. Understanding pressure and pressure relationships is important in well control. The aim of oil operations is to complete all tasks in a safe and efficient manner without detrimental environmental effects. This aim can only be achieved if well control is maintained at all times. The understanding of pressure and pressure relationships are important in preventing blowouts by experienced personnel who are able to detect when the well is kicking and take proper and prompt actions.

text:
# Well control

**Well control** is the technique used in oil and gas operations such as drilling, well workover and well completion for maintaining the hydrostatic pressure and formation pressure to prevent the influx of formation fluids into the wellbore. This technique involves the estimation of formation fluid pressures, the strength of the subsurface formations and the use of casing and mud density to offset those pressures in a predictable fashion. Understanding pressure and pressure relationships is important in well control.

The aim of oil operations is to complete all tasks in a safe and efficient manner without detrimental environmental effects. This aim can only be achieved if well control is maintained at all times. The understanding of pressure and pressure relationships are important in preventing blowouts by experienced personnel who are able to detect when the well is kicking and take proper and prompt actions.

## Fluid pressure

The fluid is any substance that flows; e.g., oil, water, gas and ice are all examples of fluids. Under extreme pressure and temperature, almost anything acts as a fluid. Fluids exert pressure, and this pressure comes from the density and height of the fluid column. Oil companies typically measure density in pounds per gallon (ppg) or kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m3) and pressure measurement in pounds per square inch (psi) or bar or pascal (Pa). Pressure increases with fluid density. To find out the amount of pressure fluid of a known density exerts per unit length, the pressure gradient is used. The pressure gradient is defined as the pressure increase per unit of depth due to its density and it is usually measured in pounds per square inch per foot or bars per meter. It is expressed mathematically as;

$pressuregradient=fluiddensity\*conversionfactor$.

The conversion factor used to convert density to pressure is 0.052 in Imperial system and 0.0981 in Metric system.

## Hydrostatic pressure

Hydro means water, or fluid, that exerts pressure and static means not moving or at rest. Therefore, hydrostatic pressure is the total fluid pressure created by the weight of a column of fluid, acting on any given point in a well. In oil and gas operations, it is represented mathematically as

$Hydrostaticpressure=pressuregradient\*trueverticaldepth$

or

$Hydrostaticpressure=fluiddensity\*conversionfactor\*trueverticaldepth$.

The true vertical depth is the distance that a well reaches below ground. The measured depth is the length of the well including any angled or horizontal sections. Consider two wells, X and Y. Well X has a measured depth of 9,800  ft and a true vertical depth of 9,800  ft while well Y has measured depth of 10,380  ft while its true vertical depth is 9,800  ft. To calculate the hydrostatic pressure of the bottom hole, the true vertical depth is used because gravity acts (pulls) vertically down the hole.

## Formation pressure

Formation pressure is the pressure of the fluid within the pore spaces of the formation rock. This pressure can be affected by the weight of the overburden (rock layers) above the formation, which exerts pressure on both the grains and pore fluids. Grains are solid or rock material, while pores are spaces between grains. If pore fluids are free to move or escape, the grains lose some of their support and move closer together. This process is called consolidation. Depending on the magnitude of the pore pressure, it is described as normal, abnormal or subnormal.

### Normal

Normal pore pressure or formation pressure is equal to the hydrostatic pressure of formation fluid extending from the surface to the surface formation being considered. In other words, if the structure was opened and allowed to fill a column whose length is equal to the depth of the formation, then the pressure at the bottom of the column is similar to the formation pressure and the pressure at the surface is equal to zero. Normal pore pressure is not constant. Its magnitude varies with the concentration of dissolved salts, type of fluid, gases present and temperature gradient.

When a normally pressured formation is raised toward the surface while prevented from losing pore fluid in the process, it changes from normal pressure (at a greater depth) to abnormal pressure (at a shallower depth). When this happens, and then one drills into the formation, mud weights of up to 20 ppg (2397 kg/m ³) may be required for control. This process accounts for many of the shallow, abnormally pressured zones in the world. In areas where faulting is present, salt layers or domes are predicted, or excessive geothermal gradients are known, drilling operations may encounter abnormal pressure.

### Abnormal

Abnormal pore pressure is defined as any pore pressure that is greater than the hydrostatic pressure of the formation fluid occupying the pore space. It is sometimes called overpressure or geopressure. An abnormally pressured formation can often be predicted using well history, surface geology, downhole logs or geophysical surveys.

### Subnormal

Subnormal pore pressure is defined as any formation pressure that is less than the corresponding fluid hydrostatic pressure at a given depth. Subnormally pressured formations have pressure gradients lower than fresh water or less than 0.433 psi/ft (0.0979 bar/m). Naturally occurring subnormal pressure can develop when the overburden has been stripped away, leaving the formation exposed at the surface. Depletion of original pore fluids through evaporation, capillary action, and dilution produce hydrostatic gradients below 0.433 psi/ft (0.0979 bar/m). Subnormal pressures may also be induced through depletion of formation fluids. If Formation Pressure \< Hydrostatic pressure, then it is under pressure. If Formation Pressure \> Hydrostatic pressure then it is overpressured.

## Fracture pressure

Fracture pressure is the amount of pressure it takes to permanently deform the rock structure of a formation. Overcoming formation pressure is usually not sufficient to cause fracturing. If more fluid is free to move, a slow rate of entry into the formation will not cause fractures. If pore fluid cannot move out of the way, fracturing and permanent deformation of the formation can occur. Fracture pressure can be expressed as a gradient (psi/ft), a fluid density equivalent (ppg), or by calculated total pressure at the formation (psi). Fracture gradients normally increase with depth due to increasing overburden pressure. Deep, highly compacted formations can require high fracture pressures to overcome the existing formation pressure and resisting rock structure. Loosely compacted formations, such as those found offshore in deep water, can fracture at low gradients (a situation exacerbated by the fact that some of total "overburden" up the surface is sea water rather than the heavier rock that would be present in an otherwise-comparable land well). Fracture pressures at any given depth can vary widely because of the area's geology.

## Bottom hole pressure

Bottom hole pressure is used to represent the sum of all the pressures being exerted at the bottom of the hole. The pressure is imposed on the walls of the hole. The hydrostatic fluid column accounts for most of the pressure, but the pressure to move fluid up the annulus also acts on the walls. In larger diameters, this annular pressure is small, rarely exceeding 200 psi (13.79 bar). In smaller diameters, it can be 400 psi (27.58 bar) or higher. Backpressure or pressure held on the choke further increases bottom hole pressure, which can be estimated by adding up all the known pressures acting in, or on, the annular (casing) side. Bottom hole pressure can be estimated during the following activities

### Static well

If no fluid is moving, the well is static. The bottom hole pressure (BHP) is equal to the hydrostatic pressure (HP) on the annular side. If shut in on a kick, bottom hole pressure is equal to the hydrostatic pressure in the annulus plus the casing (wellhead or surface pressure) pressure.

### Normal circulation

During circulation, the bottom hole pressure is equal to the hydrostatic pressure on the annular side plus the annular pressure loss (APL).

### Rotating head

During circulating with a rotating head the bottom hole pressure is equal to the hydrostatic pressure on the annular side, plus the annular pressure loss, plus the rotating head backpressure.

### Circulating a kick out

Bottom hole pressure is equal to hydrostatic pressure on the annular side, plus annular pressure loss, plus choke (casing) pressure. For subsea, add choke line pressure loss.

## Formation integrity test

An accurate evaluation of a casing cement job as well as of the formation is important during the drilling and subsequent phases. The Information resulting from Formation Integrity Tests (FIT) is used throughout the life of the well and for nearby wells. Casing depths, well control options, formation fracture pressures and limiting fluid weights may be based on this information. To determine formation strength and integrity, a Leak Off Test (LOT) or a Formation Integrity Test (FIT) may be performed.

The FIT is: a method of checking the cement seal between the casing and the formation. The LOT determines the pressure and/or fluid weight the test zone below the casing can sustain. The fluid in the well must be circulated clean to ensure it is of a known and consistent density. If mud is used, it must be properly conditioned and gel strengths minimized. The pump used should be a high-pressure, low-volume test, or cementing pump. Rig pumps can be used if the rig has electric drives on the mud pumps, and they can be slowly rolled over. If the rig pump must be used and the pump cannot be easily controlled at low rates, then the leak-off technique must be modified. It is a good idea to make a graph of the pressure versus time or volume for all leak-off tests.

The main reasons for performing FIT are:

* To investigate the strength of the cement bond around the casing shoe and to ensure that no communication is established with higher formations.
* To determine the fracture gradient around the casing shoe and therefore establish the upper limit of the primary well control for the open hole section below the current casing.
* To investigate well bore capability to withstand pressure below the casing shoe in order to test the well engineering plan regarding the casing shoe setting depth.

## U-tube concepts

It is often helpful to visualize the well as a U-shaped tube. Column Y of the tube represents the annulus, and column X represents the pipe (string) in the well. The bottom of the U-tube represents the bottom of the well. In most cases, fluids create hydrostatic pressure in both the pipe and annulus. Atmospheric pressure can be omitted since it works the same on both columns. If the fluid in both the pipe and annulus are of the same density, hydrostatic pressures would be equal, and the fluid would be static on both sides of the tube. If the fluid in the annulus is heavier, it will exert more pressure downward and will flow into the string, pushing some of the lighter fluid out of the string, causing a flow at the surface. The fluid level then falls in the annulus, equalizing pressures. Given a difference in the hydrostatic pressures, the fluid will try to reach a balanced point. This is called U-tubing, and it explains why there is often a flow from the pipe when making connections. This is often evident when drilling fast because the effective density in the annulus is increased by cuttings.

## Equivalent circulating densities

The Equivalent Circulating Density (ECD) is defined as the increase in density due to friction, normally expressed in pounds per gallon. Equivalent Circulating Density (when forward circulating) is defined as the apparent fluid density that results from adding annular friction to the actual fluid density in the well.

$ECD=MW+{\frac {P\_{a}{0.052\*TVD}}}$ or ECD = MW +( p/1.4223\*TVD(M)

Where:

* ECD = Equivalent circulating density (ppg)
* Pa = Difference between annular pressure at surface & annular pressure at depth TVD (psi)
* TVD = True vertical depth (ft)
* MW = Mud weight (ppg)

When the drilling mud is under static condition (no circulation), pressure at any point is only due to drilling mud weight and is given by:-

***Pressure under static condition =***

***0.052 * Mud weight (in ppg) * TVD (in feet)***

During circulation, the pressure applied is due to drilling mud weight and also due to the pressure applied by the mud pumps to circulate the drilling fluid.

***Pressure under circulating condition***

***= Pressure under static condition***

***\+ Pressure due to pumping at that point or pressure loss in the system***

If we convert pressure under circulating condition in the annulus to its density equivalent it will be called ECD

Dividing the above equation by 0.052\*TVD into both sides:-

***ECD = (Pressure under static condition + Annular pressure loss) / (0.052 * TVD)***

***ECD = MW + Annular pressure loss / (0.052 * TVD)***

***using (Pressure under static condition = 0.052 * TVD * MW)***

## Pipe surge/swab

During trips (up/down) the drill string acts as a large piston, when moving down it increases the pressure below the drill string and forces the drilling fluid into the formation which is termed as surge. Similarly, while moving up, there is a low-pressure zone created below the drill string, which sucks the formation fluid into the wellbore, which is called swab.

The total pressure acting on the wellbore is affected by pipe movement upwards or downwards. Tripping pipe into and out of a well is another common operation during completions and workovers. Unfortunately, statistics indicate that most kicks occur during trips. Therefore, understanding the basic concepts of tripping is a major concern in completion/workover operations.

Downward movement of tubing (tripping in) creates a pressure that is exerted on the bottom of a well. As the tubing is entering a well, the fluid in the well must move upward to exit the volume consumed by the tubing. The combination of the downward movement of the tubing and the upward movement of the fluid (or piston effect) results in an increase in pressure throughout the well. This increase in pressure is commonly called Surge pressure.

Upward movement of the tubing (tripping out) also affects the pressure at the bottom of the well. When pulling pipe, the fluid must move downward and replace the volume occupied by the tubing. The net effect of the upward and downward movements creates a decrease in bottom hole pressure. This decrease in pressure is referred to as Swab pressure. Both surge and swab pressures are affected by:

* Velocity of the pipe, or tripping speed
* Fluid density
* Fluid viscosity
* Fluid gel strength
* Well bore geometry (annular clearance between tools and casing, tubing open-ended or closed off)

The faster pipe moves, the greater the surge and swab effects. The greater the fluid density, viscosity and gel strength, the greater the surge and swab. Finally, the downhole tools such as packers and scrapers, which have small annular clearance, also increase surge and swab effects. Determination of actual surge and swab pressures can be accomplished with the use of WORKPRO and DRILPRO calculator programs or hydraulics manuals.

## Differential pressure

In well control, differential pressure is defined as the difference between the formation pressure and the bottom hole hydrostatic pressure. These are classified as overbalanced, underbalanced or balanced.

* Overbalanced – The hydrostatic pressure exerted on the bottom of the hole is greater than the formation pressure. i.e. HP \> FP

* Underbalanced – The hydrostatic pressure exerted on the bottom of the hole is less than the formation pressure. i.e. HP \< FP

* Balanced – The hydrostatic pressure exerted on the bottom of the hole is equal to the formation pressure. i.e. HP = FP

## Cuttings change: shape, size, amount, type

Cuttings are rock fragments chipped, scraped or crushed away from a formation by the action of the drill bit. The size, shape, and amount of cuttings depend largely on formation type, weight on the bit, bit sharpness and the pressure differential (formation versus fluid hydrostatic pressures). The size of the cuttings usually decreases as the bit dulls during drilling if the weight on bit, formation type and the pressure differential, remain constant. However, if the pressure differential changes (formation pressure increases), even a dull bit could cut more effectively, and the size, shape, and amount of cuttings could increase.

## Kick

Kick is defined as an undesirable influx of formation fluid into the wellbore. If left unchecked, a kick can develop into a blowout (an uncontrolled influx of formation fluid into the wellbore). The result of failing to control a kick leads to lost operation time, loss of well and quite possibly, the loss of the rig and lives of personnel.

### Causes

Once the hydrostatic pressure is less than the formation pore pressure, formation fluid can flow into the well. This can happen when one or a combination of the following occurs:

* Improper hole fill up
* Insufficient mud density
* Swabbing/surging
* Lost circulation
* Abnormal formation pressure
* Gas cut mud
* Poor well planning

#### Improper hole fill up

When tripping out of the hole, the volume of the removed pipe results in a corresponding decrease in the wellbore fluid. Whenever the fluid level in the hole decreases, the hydrostatic pressure that it exerts also decreases and if the decrease in hydrostatic pressure falls below the formation pore pressure, the well may flow. Therefore, the hole must be filled to maintain sufficient hydrostatic pressure to control formation pressure. During tripping, the pipe could be dry or wet depending on the conditions. The API7G illustrates the methodology for calculating accurate pipe displacement and gives correct charts and tables. The volume to fill the well when tripping dry pipe out is:

$Barreltofill=pipedisplacement(bbl/ft)\*lengthpulled(ft)$

To calculate the volume to fill the well when tripping wet pipe out is given as;

$Barreltofill=(pipedisplacement(bbls/ft)+pipecapacity(bbls/ft))\*lengthpulled(ft)$

In some wells, monitoring fill-up volumes on trips can be complicated by loss through perforations. The wells may stand full of fluid initially, but over time the fluid seeps into the reservoir. In such wells, the fill-up volume always exceeds the calculated or theoretical volume of the pipe removed from the well. In some fields, wells have low reservoir pressures and will not support a full column of fluid. In these wells filling the hole with fluid is essentially impossible unless sort of bridging agent is used to temporarily bridge off the subnormally pressured zone. The common practice is to pump the theoretical fill-up volume while pulling out of the well.

#### Insufficient mud (fluid) density

The mud in the wellbore must exert enough hydrostatic pressure to equal the formation pore pressure. If the fluid's hydrostatic pressure is less than formation pressure the well can flow. The most common reason for insufficient fluid density is drilling into unexpected abnormally pressured formations. This situation usually arises when unpredicted geological conditions are encountered. Such as drilling across a fault that abruptly changes the formation being drilled. Mishandling mud at the surface accounts for many instances of insufficient fluid weight. Such as opening the wrong valve on the pump suction manifold and allowing a tank of lightweight fluid to be pumped; bumping the water valve so more is added than intended; washing off shale shakers; or clean-up operations. All of these can affect mud weight.

#### Swabbing /Surging

Swabbing is as a result of the upward movement of pipe in a well and results in a decrease in bottom hole pressure. In some cases, the bottom hole pressure reduction can be large enough to cause the well to go underbalanced and allow formation fluids to enter the wellbore. The initial swabbing action compounded by the reduction in hydrostatic pressure (from formation fluids entering the well) can lead to a significant reduction in bottom hole pressure and a larger influx of formation fluids. Therefore, early detection of swabbing on trips is critical to minimizing the size of a kick. Many wellbore conditions increase the likelihood of swabbing on a trip. Swabbing (piston) action is enhanced when the pipe is pulled too fast. Poor fluid properties, such as high viscosity and gel strengths, also increase the chances of swabbing a well in. Additionally, large outside diameter (OD) tools (packers, scrapers, fishing tools, etc.) enhance the piston effect. These conditions need to be recognized in order to decrease the likelihood of swabbing a well in during completion/workover operations. As mentioned earlier, there are several computer and calculator programs that can estimate surge and swab pressures. Swabbing is detected by closely monitoring hole fill-up volumes during trips. For example, if three barrels of steel (tubing) are removed from the well and it takes only two barrels of fluid to fill the hole, then a one barrel kick has probably been swabbed into the wellbore. Special attention should be paid to hole fill-up volumes since statistics indicate that most kicks occur on trips.

#### Lost circulation

Another cause of kick during completion/workover operations is lost circulation. Loss of circulation leads to a drop of both the fluid level and hydrostatic pressure in a well. If the hydrostatic pressure falls below the reservoir pressure, the well kicks. Three main causes of lost circulation are:

* Excessive pressure overbalance
* Excessive surge pressure
* Poor formation integrity

#### Abnormal pressure

In case of drilling a wildcat or exploratory well (often the formation pressures are not known accurately) the bit suddenly penetrates into an abnormal pressure formation resulting the hydrostatic pressure of mud become less than the formation pressure and cause a kick.

#### Gas cut mud

When the gas is circulated to the surface, it expands and reduces the hydrostatic pressure sufficient to allow a kick. Although the mud density is reduced considerably at the surface, the hydrostatic pressure is not reduced significantly since the gas expansion occurs near surface and not at the bottom.

#### Poor well planning

The fourth cause of kick is poor planning. The mud and casing programs bear on well control. These programs must be flexible enough to allow progressively deeper casing strings to be set; otherwise a situation may arise where it is not possible to control kicks or lost circulation.

## Methods

During drilling, kicks are usually killed using the Driller's, Engineer's or a hybrid method called Concurrent, while forward circulating. The choice will depend on:

* the amount and type of kick fluids in the well
* the rig's equipment capabilities
* the minimum fracture pressure in the open hole
* the drilling and operating companies well control policies.

For workover or completion operations, other methods are often used. Bullheading is a common way to kill a well during workovers and completions operations but is not often used while drilling. Reverse circulation is another kill method used for workovers that are not used for drilling.


title: Wenceslao Retana

abstract: Wenceslao Emilio Retana y Gamboa, also known as W. E. Retana or Wenceslao E. Retana, was a 19th-century Spanish polymath. A civil servant, colonial administrator, biographer, political commentator, publisher, bibliographer, and Filipinologist, Retana was a "onetime adversary" of Philippine national hero José Rizal who later became an admirer who wrote the first biographical account of the life of Rizal, entitled Vida y Escritos del Dr. José Rizal. Rosa M. Vallejo described Retana as the "foremost" non-Filipino filipinologist.

text:
# Wenceslao Retana

**Wenceslao Emilio Retana y Gamboa** (28 September 1862 – 21 January 1924), also known as **W. E. Retana** or **Wenceslao E. Retana**, was a 19th-century Spanish polymath.

A civil servant, colonial administrator, biographer, political commentator, publisher, bibliographer, and Filipinologist, Retana was a "onetime adversary" of Philippine national hero José Rizal who later became an admirer who wrote the first biographical account of the life of Rizal, entitled *Vida y Escritos del Dr. José Rizal* (*The Life and Writings of Dr. José Rizal*). Rosa M. Vallejo described Retana as the "foremost" non-Filipino filipinologist.

## InfoBox

| Wenceslao Retana | |
| --- | --- |
| Retana circa 1901 | |
| Born | Wenceslao Emilio Retana y Gamboa
(1862-09-28)28 September 1862
Boadilla del Monte, Spain |
| Died | 21 January 1924(1924-01-21) (aged 61)
Madrid, Spain |
| Nationality | Spanish |
| Occupation | Polymath |
|  | |
| Academic background | |
| Alma mater |  |
|  | |


title: Wecquaesgeek

abstract: The Wecquaesgeek were a Munsee-speaking band of Wappinger people who once lived along the east bank of the Hudson River in the southwest of today's Westchester County, New York, and down into the Bronx.

text:
# Wecquaesgeek

The **Wecquaesgeek** (also **Manhattoe** and **Manhattan**) were a Munsee-speaking band of Wappinger people who once lived along the east bank of the Hudson River in the southwest of today's Westchester County, New York, and down into the Bronx.

## History

The Wecquaesgeek resided along the southeastern banks of the Hudson River and fished local streams and lakes with rods and nets.

The Wecquaesgeek faced numerous conflicts with Dutch and English colonists. In 1609 two dugout canoes were sent from the Nipinichsen settlement to threaten Hendrik Hudson's ship in on his return trip down the river.

In the 1640s, the Wecquaesgeek settled the Raritan River and Raritan Bay after the Sanhicans migrated west. Once they settled there, colonists called them the Raritans.

Like other Wappinger people, the Wecquaesgeek suffered losses in Kieft's War between Dutch colonists and Indigenous tribes. Around half of the military-aged men remaining to the tribe died fighting on behalf of the American Revolutionary Army, though none was granted citizenship after victory.

Wicker's Creek in what is now called Dobbs Ferry was the last known residence of the tribe, which they occupied through the 17th century.

## Settlements

The following settlements have been documented in historical accounts:

The Weckquaesgeek territories were bordered by the Sintsink to the north, below today's Ossining, and inland toward Long Island Sound to that of the Siwanoy, both related Wappinger bands.

To the south their range included the western part of today's Bronx along the Hudson and Harlem Rivers, and included the upper three-quarters of Manhattan island, which they did not permanently occupy but used as a hunting ground. Effectively it was their land that the Canarsee people of today's Brooklyn, who only occupied the very southern end of Manhattan island, an area known as the *Manhattoes*, sold to the Dutch.

The Dutch ended up with the island, and the Wecquaesgeek being called the "Manhattoe" or "Manhattan" Indians.

Today's Broadway follows one of their original trails, named "Wickquasgeck", after the "birch bark country" that lined it.

## Naming confusion

As was common practice early in the days of European settlement of North America, a people came to be associated with a place, with its name displacing theirs among the settlers and those associated with them, such as explorers, mapmakers, trading company superiors who sponsored many of the early settlements, and officials in the settlers' mother country in Europe.

Numerous variants of are found on historical maps and in period documents. These include: Wiechquaeskeck, Wechquaesqueck, Weckquaesqueek, Weekquaesguk, Wickquasgeck, Wickquasgek, Wiequaeskeek, Wiequashook, and Wiquaeskec. The meaning of the name has variously been given as "the end of the marsh, swamp or wet meadow", "place of the bark kettle", and "birch bark country".

Just as a name of one of their trails, the Wickquasgeck, was given to the people so another conflation by white settlers further confounded their identity, when they were mistakenly referred to as the Manhattoes after a place of that name on the southern tip of Manhattan Island. Compounding this was that the Manhattoes was the only part of Manhattan *not* occupied by the Wecquasgeek; it was a seasonal ground of the Canarsee, a Metoac people who lived across the East River in today's Brooklyn.

* Canarsee, the Native American band that sold Manhattan to the Dutch

## InfoBox

Wecquaesgeek
| This 1685 reprint of a 1656 map indicates "Wickquaskeck" in Westchester County above Manhattan island and "Manhattans" on it. | |
| --- | --- |
| Total population | |
| *No longer a distinct tribe* | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| New York | |
| Languages | |
| Munsee language | |
| Religion | |
| Indigenous religion | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| other Lenape tribes | |


title: Wecta

abstract: Wecta is a figure mentioned in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle and the Historia Brittonum. Wecta is considered mythological, though he shows up in the genealogies as a Saxon ancestor of Hengest and Horsa and the kings of Kent, as well as of Aella of Deira and his son Edwin of Northumbria. Wecta appears in the Prologue to the Prose Edda as Vegdeg, one of Woden's sons, a mighty king who ruled East Saxony. Although Wecta is mentioned as the father of Witta and the grandfather of Wihtgils in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle and the Historia Brittonum, the Prose Edda and the Anglian collection of Anglo-Saxon genealogies reverses the order of Witta and Wihtgils in the genealogy.

text:
# Wecta

**Wecta** (Old English: *Wægdæg*, Old Norse: *Vegdagr*) is a figure mentioned in the *Anglo-Saxon Chronicle* and the *Historia Brittonum*.

Wecta is considered mythological, though he shows up in the genealogies as a Saxon ancestor of Hengest and Horsa and the kings of Kent, as well as of Aella of Deira and his son Edwin of Northumbria.

Wecta appears in the *Prologue to the Prose Edda* as Vegdeg, one of Woden's sons, a mighty king who ruled East Saxony. Although Wecta is mentioned as the father of Witta and the grandfather of Wihtgils in the *Anglo-Saxon Chronicle* and the *Historia Brittonum*, the *Prose Edda* and the Anglian collection of Anglo-Saxon genealogies reverses the order of Witta and Wihtgils in the genealogy.

1. Semple, Sarah (2013). *Perceptions of the prehistoric in Anglo-Saxon England. Religion, ritual, and rulership in the landscape*. Corby. p. 75. ISBN 978-0-19-150560-7. OCLC 860901458.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
2. Chambers, Raymond Wilson (1912). *Widsith, a Study in Old English Heroic Legend*. University Press. p. 194. ISBN 978-1-4047-7166-6.


title: Werauhia marnier-lapostollei

abstract: Werauhia marnier-lapostollei is a plant species in the genus Werauhia. This species is native to Costa Rica.

text:
# Werauhia marnier-lapostollei

***Werauhia marnier-lapostollei*** is a plant species in the genus *Werauhia*. This species is native to Costa Rica.

* Luther, Harry E. (1995). "An Annotated Checklist of the Bromeliaceae of Costa Rica". *Selbyana*. **16** (2): 230–234. ISSN 0361-185X. JSTOR 41759911.

## InfoBox

| *Werauhia marnier-lapostollei* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| *Clade*: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Bromeliaceae |
| Genus: | *Werauhia* |
| Species: | ***W. marnier-lapostollei*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Werauhia marnier-lapostollei***<br>(L.B.Smith) J.R.Grant | |
|


title: Wendy Whiteley

abstract: Wendy Susan Whiteley is best known as the former wife of the Australian artist Brett Whiteley, and as the mother of their daughter, actress Arkie Whiteley (1964–2001). She has become a notable cultural figure, particularly since her ex-husband's death in 1992. She posed for Brett many times. Although they divorced three years before he died, she has control of Brett Whiteley's estate including the copyright to his works. She played an important role in the establishment of the Brett Whiteley Studio in Surry Hills, New South Wales which is now owned and managed as an art museum by the Art Gallery of New South Wales. Wendy Whiteley is also known for the restoration and landscaping of derelict railway land in Lavender Bay, Sydney, which she turned into a "magic garden" and where her ex-husband Brett and daughter Arkie Whiteley's ashes were scattered.

text:
# Wendy Whiteley

**Wendy Susan Whiteley** OAM (née **Julius**; born 1941) is best known as the former wife of the Australian artist Brett Whiteley, and as the mother of their daughter, actress Arkie Whiteley (1964–2001). She has become a notable cultural figure, particularly since her ex-husband's death in 1992. She posed for Brett many times. Although they divorced three years before he died, she has control of Brett Whiteley's estate including the copyright to his works. She played an important role in the establishment of the Brett Whiteley Studio in Surry Hills, New South Wales which is now owned and managed as an art museum by the Art Gallery of New South Wales.

Wendy Whiteley is also known for the restoration and landscaping of derelict railway land in Lavender Bay, Sydney, which she turned into a "magic garden" and where her ex-husband Brett and daughter Arkie Whiteley's ashes were scattered.

## Background and early years

Wendy Susan Julius was born in Sydney in 1941, the elder of two daughters. She came from a creative lineage. Her great-grandfather was Charles Yelverton O'Connor, engineer for Fremantle Harbour and the Kalgoorlie Pipeline, who committed suicide ten months before the pipeline was opened. Her grandfather was Sir George Julius, the inventor of the totalisator and co-founder of the CSIRO. A great-aunt, Kate O'Connor, was a painter who lived in Paris most of her life.

Her father, George Yelverton Julius, known as "Gentleman George", was thrown out by her mother for infidelity when Wendy was six and she and her sister have little or no memory of him. When Wendy was about 12, she was devastated to read in the newspapers that her father had been sent to prison for eight years for burglary. Her mother later remarried and had two more children.

Wendy attended Lindfield Public School and Hornsby Girls' High School. She won art awards and a David Jones Drawing Prize, which defrayed the costs of her formal studies at East Sydney Technical College.

## Relationship with Brett Whiteley

In 1957, aged not yet 16, she met the 17-year-old Brett Whiteley at his home, where she had been invited by a friend. It is sometimes claimed that this meeting occurred at Jerichos, a Sydney coffee shop known for its bohemian clientele, but the reality was more prosaic. There was an immediate mutual attraction and they soon became lovers. At that time, Brett was attending the life drawing classes at the Julian Ashton Art School, while working for Lintas Advertising. He took Wendy along to a class, where her drawing proved to be better than his. A short time before their meeting, Brett's mother Beryl had separated from her husband and moved overseas. Brett was devastated when she refused his entreaties to come home. He was still living with his father Clem Whiteley, and Wendy moved in; she also went to work for Clem's interior design business. As a couple, their sense of style and extravagance was compared with that of Scott and Zelda Fitzgerald. Their relationship had extremes of passion right from the start.

In November 1959, Brett was awarded an Italian Government Travelling Art Scholarship. He wanted to take Wendy with him, but Clem refused to supply the necessary money; there were quarrels, which resulted in Wendy moving out of the house. She saw Brett off on the boat, and then started working 18 hours a day to earn the money to pay her own way to Europe. Brett arrived in Italy in February 1960, and Wendy reunited with him in Paris on 14 June. They lived in Florence for some months, and in 1961 they moved to London and set up his studio there. In March 1962 his first one-man exhibition, at the Matthiesen Galleries, was a financial success, which prompted them to marry on 27 March, in the Chelsea registry office. They had en extended honeymoon in the south of France, where his *Summer at Sigean* had its genesis. At the time, Brett said: *"If ever I have a retrospective, it will be a chronological testament to Wendy – to my relationship with her"*. After their return to London, Brett started on the *Bathroom* paintings, a major series of nudes celebrating Wendy's form and his domestic happiness.

Wendy worked as a fashion under-buyer for Harvey Nichols. Wendy and Brett's daughter Arkie Whiteley was born in London on 6 November 1964. They returned to Australia in December 1965, living at Whale Beach, north of Sydney, where Arkie took her first steps.

In 1967 they moved to New York City for Brett to take up a Harkness Fellowship scholarship. They sailed on the final voyage of the *Queen Mary*. They went to the Hotel Chelsea and purely by chance were given the penthouse apartment. At that time, Arkie was frequently looked after by baby-sitters, who included Janis Joplin. Brett Whiteley was working feverishly on his paintings, particularly *The American Dream*, becoming very stressed, and turning to alcohol for relief. Wendy opened a clothes shop in New York City. Brett was very unhappy about this, and threatened to divorce her; he explained that it reminded him too much of his own mother leaving his father as soon as she was financially independent. Wendy called his bluff, and Brett took up with a woman named Constance Abernathy for a few weeks, but he returned to Wendy after Constance fell down an elevator shaft and broke her teeth. Brett had other occasional affairs during this time, and Wendy herself had an affair with Michael Driscoll, whom they had met at the National Art School and who had become their long-time friend. Wendy and Brett were marijuana users at this time. Prior to her affair, Wendy, Brett and Michael tried heroin together for the first time. While it was intended to be a one-off experience, it ultimately led to total heroin addiction for both Wendy and Brett. They attended a treatment clinic in England together, but both returned to heroin a few weeks later. Wendy later claimed to have overcome her addiction.

In July 1969 Brett's physical and mental fatigue caused him to abandon work on *The American Dream* and to quickly leave New York for Fiji, with his family. They stayed there for five months, living in a small village, mixing with the Fijians, and far from all communications. They had a rooster, an old car, and some bedding. They decided to stay permanently, living a life of utter simplicity in a tranquil tropical paradise, in the manner of Paul Gauguin in Tahiti. They were given two-thirds of an island by the village chief. In November, Brett rented an old barn in Suva to show off his recent work done in Fiji. At the opening, in conversation with officials and politicians, he naively talked about drugs. The next day the barn was raided and a small quantity of marijuana was found, for which he was fined £F50. The Whiteleys were subsequently given a very short time to pack up and leave Fiji.

They returned to Australia, and moved into a Federation house originally known as *Lochgyle*, built in 1905, in the Sydney suburb of Lavender Bay. They had travelled widely, visiting many of the world's great art museums and exhibitions. But the five-year-old Arkie said she was sick of moving and losing her friends every time she moved, and that she wanted to stay in one place. This made Wendy and Brett decide to settle down in Lavender Bay. Initially they rented one floor of the house, but in 1974 they bought the house outright. The interior of the home was frequently the subject of Brett's paintings, often with Wendy's naked form reclining on a sofa or in the bathtub.

In 1985, Brett bought an abandoned T-shirt factory in Surry Hills and turned it into a studio away from home. Their tandem heroin addiction continued, and in 1987 they were advised to seek separate treatment; Brett would stay to work in Australia, while Wendy and Arkie went to England. On Wendy's return from England in 1988, clean of heroin, Brett was now in a relationship with Janice Spencer, whom he had met at a Narcotics Anonymous meeting earlier that year, and was also still using heroin. Wendy refused to share the same house as Brett for fear of becoming trapped in heroin addiction once more, so Brett took up residence in his Surry Hills studio. They were divorced in 1989.

Brett Whiteley died of a heroin overdose in 1992, Janice Spencer died of a heroin overdose in 2000, and Arkie died of cancer in 2001. The Surry Hills studio is now the location of the Brett Whiteley Studio, an art museum that was operated initially by Wendy in Brett's memory, but is now owned and managed by the Art Gallery of New South Wales.

## Wendy's secret garden

Wendy Whiteley showed artistic ability during her teens. Brett believed her life drawing talent and understanding of colour was superior to his. Wendy suppressed her own artistic ambitions to be a wife, mother and helpmeet. After Brett's death she found a new outlet for her creativity.

At considerable personal expense—reportedly some millions of dollars—Wendy started to clean up and landscape a large patch of derelict land adjacent to her home in Lavender Bay, owned by the New South Wales Rail Corporation. It was choked by weeds and lantanas, and strewn with old train carriages, abandoned refrigerators, rotting mattresses and broken bottles. Homeless people sometimes slept there. The Rail Corporation had no interest in doing anything with it, and they raised no objections to her beautifying the area. They even helped by removing the larger pieces of junk. Wendy treated the garden like a giant painting, structuring, planting, pruning, moving things around, and letting nature do its work. Over a period of fifteen years, the garden became a coveted spot for those who had heard about or chanced upon it, with random benches in quiet spots, secluded paths, and a spectacular view to the Sydney Harbour Bridge. A wide variety of birdlife previously unknown to the area arrived. It has been described as rivalling Claude Monet's garden. It is affectionately known by locals as "Wendy's Secret Garden", although the public have always had free access. Features of the garden include an antique fountain from the Paddington garden of Margaret Olley, Bangalore palms donated by Arkie and objects found in the scrub, like an old tricycle and a child's scooter.

As well as helping her mother with the project, Arkie planned to hold her second wedding ceremony, to Jim Elliott, in the garden. However, her adrenal gland cancer intervened, and they married in the house overlooking the garden, only a few weeks before Arkie's death in 2001. The ashes of both Brett and Arkie were scattered in the garden, as were the ashes of Wendy's father and mother, her twin sister Joyce and her beloved pet dogs.

In 2009, Wendy Whiteley was awarded the Medal of the Order of Australia (OAM) for "service to the community through the establishment and maintenance of a public garden at Lavender Bay, and as a supporter of the visual arts".

In October 2015, the New South Wales Government, which owns the land, agreed to give the North Sydney Council a thirty-year renewable lease on it.

Members of the community are able to help maintain the gardens. These days are co-ordinated by the Lavender Bay Precinct.

## Brett Whiteley's will and other matters

Brett's will became the subject of a major legal dispute. Janice Spencer claimed she had lived with Brett for the last five years of his life, and produced a will leaving the estate to her. Arkie Whiteley claimed that her father had hand-written a revised will after his divorce, leaving everything to her, but that the piece of paper was lost. Ultimately, the New South Wales Supreme Court found in Arkie's favour, but permitted Janice Spencer one painting, a large erotic portrait of herself, *Sunday Afternoon, Surry Hills*, which Brett had painted in 1988 at the height of their relationship. A shortage of money forced her to sell it in 1995, and it attracted $239,000 at auction. Spencer moved to Byron Bay and wrote a book *The Last Five Years with Brett Whiteley*, which was never published. She died of a heroin overdose in Brisbane, Queensland in August 2000, aged 41.

Arkie's first marriage, to Christopher Kuhn, ended in divorce. Arkie left Wendy the bulk of the artworks she had inherited from Brett, and those works as well as Wendy's own collection of Brett's paintings and artefacts became the genesis of the Brett Whiteley Studio. Before her death, Arkie had commenced negotiations with the Art Gallery of New South Wales for them to take over and manage the studio, and these negotiations were later successfully concluded by Wendy.

Wendy Whiteley has become a well-known figure in Australia's artistic life. She appears at gallery openings, as a judge at art competitions, gives talks about Brett Whiteley, arranges and curates exhibitions of his work, and presents winners of the Brett Whiteley Travelling Art Scholarship with their prizes, on behalf of the late benefactress, Brett's mother Beryl Whiteley OAM.

She was the subject of an ABC TV *Australian Story* program in 2004, and has had magazine articles written about her from time to time.

She has been the subject of portraits for the Archibald Prize, a prize that Brett Whiteley won twice, in 1976 and 1978, sitting for Danelle Bergstrom, Garry Shead and John Phillips; none of the portraits won.

On 8 December 2008, Wendy Whiteley was Andrew Denton's final guest on ABC TV *Enough Rope*. She was interviewed by Peter Thompson on ABC TV's *Talking Heads* on 10 August 2009.

## Bibliography

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Wendy WhiteleyOAM | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Wendy Susan Julius
1941 (age 8283)
Sydney, New South Wales, Australia |
| Nationality | Australian |
| Education | Julian Ashton Art School |
| Known for | Visual arts |
| Movement | Avant-garde |
| Spouse | Brett Whiteley
(m. 1962; div. 1989) |


abstract: The men's 69 kilograms weightlifting event was the third lightest men's event at the weightlifting competition, limiting competitors to a maximum of 69 kilograms of body mass. The competition took place between August 11 and 12 and was divided in three parts due to the large number of competitors. Group C weightlifters competed at 12:30 on the 11th, Group B competed at 10:00 on the 12th, and Group A at 19:00. This event was the seventh Weightlifting event to conclude. Each lifter performed in both the snatch and clean and jerk lifts, with the final score being the sum of the lifter's best result in each. The athlete received three attempts in each of the two lifts; the score for the lift was the heaviest weight successfully lifted.

text:
# Weightlifting at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Men's 69 kg

The **men's 69 kilograms** weightlifting event was the third lightest men's event at the weightlifting competition, limiting competitors to a maximum of 69 kilograms of body mass. The competition took place between August 11 and 12 and was divided in three parts due to the large number of competitors. Group C weightlifters competed at 12:30 on the 11th, Group B competed at 10:00 on the 12th, and Group A at 19:00. This event was the seventh Weightlifting event to conclude.

Each lifter performed in both the snatch and clean and jerk lifts, with the final score being the sum of the lifter's best result in each. The athlete received three attempts in each of the two lifts; the score for the lift was the heaviest weight successfully lifted.

## Schedule

All times are China Standard Time (UTC+08:00)

| Date | Time | Event |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 11 August 2008 | 12:30 | Group C |
| 12 August 2008 | 10:00 | Group B |
| | 19:00 | Group A |

## Records

Prior to this competition, the existing world and Olympic records were as follows.

| **World Record** | Snatch | Georgi Markov (BUL) | **165 kg** | Sydney, Australia | 20 September 2000 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Clean & Jerk | Zhang Guozheng (CHN) | **197 kg** | Qinhuangdao, China | 11 September 2003 |
| | Total | Galabin Boevski (BUL) | **357 kg** | Athens, Greece | 24 November 1999 |
|  | | | | | | |
| **Olympic Record** | Snatch | Georgi Markov (BUL) | **165 kg** | Sydney, Australia | 20 September 2000 |
| | Clean & Jerk | Galabin Boevski (BUL) | **196 kg** | Sydney, Australia | 20 September 2000 |
| | Total | Galabin Boevski (BUL) | **357 kg** | Sydney, Australia | 20 September 2000 |

## Results

| Rank | Athlete | Group | Body weight | Snatch (kg) | | | | Clean & Jerk (kg) | | | | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | 1 | 2 | 3 | Result | 1 | 2 | 3 | Result | |
|  | Liao Hui (CHN) | A | 68.97 | ~~153~~ | 153 | 158 | 158 | ~~185~~ | 185 | 190 | 190 | **348** |
|  | Vencelas Dabaya (FRA) | A | 68.38 | 147 | 151 | ~~153~~ | 151 | 187 | ~~197~~ | ~~197~~ | 187 | **338** |
|  | Yordanis Borrero (CUB) | A | 68.92 | 140 | 145 | 148 | 148 | ~~171~~ | 171 | 180 | 180 | **328** |
| 4 | Turan Mirzayev (AZE) | A | 68.86 | 142 | 146 | ~~149~~ | 146 | 181 | ~~183~~ | ~~187~~ | 181 | **327** |
| 5 | Kim Chol-jin (PRK) | A | 68.64 | 140 | 146 | ~~150~~ | 146 | ~~180~~ | ~~180~~ | 180 | 180 | **326** |
| 6 | Afgan Bayramov (AZE) | A | 68.41 | 137 | 142 | 145 | 145 | 175 | ~~187~~ | ~~187~~ | 175 | **320** |
| 7 | Sitthisak Suphalak (THA) | A | 68.99 | 141 | 145 | 147 | 147 | ~~171~~ | 171 | ~~175~~ | 171 | **318** |
| 8 | Yoshito Shintani (JPN) | B | 68.76 | ~~130~~ | 130 | 135 | 135 | 170 | 175 | ~~177~~ | 175 | **310** |
| 9 | Tarek Yehia (EGY) | B | 68.87 | 138 | ~~142~~ | ~~142~~ | 138 | 168 | 172 | ~~175~~ | 172 | **310** |
| 10 | Edi Kurniawan (INA) | B | 68.85 | 135 | ~~140~~ | ~~140~~ | 135 | 165 | 170 | 172 | 172 | **307** |
| 11 | Israel José Rubio (VEN) | B | 68.23 | 139 | ~~143~~ | ~~143~~ | 139 | 167 | ~~171~~ | ~~171~~ | 167 | **306** |
| 12 | Artyom Shaloyan (GER) | B | 68.79 | 130 | 133 | 135 | 135 | 160 | 165 | ~~171~~ | 165 | **300** |
| 13 | Luis Miguel Pineda (COL) | B | 68.14 | 127 | 132 | ~~135~~ | 132 | 161 | 167 | ~~170~~ | 167 | **299** |
| 14 | Chinthana Vidanage (SRI) | C | 68.90 | 120 | 125 | 128 | 128 | 160 | 165 | ~~168~~ | 165 | **293** |
| 15 | Francis Luna-Grenier (CAN) | C | 68.97 | 125 | ~~131~~ | 131 | 131 | 155 | 162 | ~~167~~ | 162 | **293** |
| 16 | Welisson Silva (BRA) | C | 68.92 | 130 | 135 | ~~138~~ | 135 | 155 | ~~162~~ | ~~162~~ | 155 | **290** |
| 17 | Răzvan Martin (ROU) | B | 68.85 | 130 | ~~135~~ | ~~135~~ | 130 | 158 | ~~165~~ | ~~165~~ | 158 | **288** |
| 18 | Dimitris Minasidis (CYP) | C | 66.32 | 125 | 128 | ~~132~~ | 128 | ~~155~~ | 155 | ~~161~~ | 155 | **283** |
| 19 | Mark Spooner (NZL) | C | 68.86 | 123 | ~~127~~ | ~~127~~ | 123 | 153 | 158 | ~~161~~ | 158 | **281** |
| 20 | Kamal Bahadur Adhikari (NEP) | C | 68.67 | 107 | 114 |  | 114 | 142 | 154 |  | 154 | **268** |
| 21 | Logona Esau (TUV) | C | 68.14 | 102 | 107 | 110 | 110 | 138 | 144 | ~~148~~ | 144 | **254** |
| 22 | Nizom Sangov (TJK) | C | 66.06 | 110 | 115 | ~~117~~ | 115 | 130 | 135 | ~~138~~ | 135 | **250** |
|  | Shi Zhiyong (CHN) | A | 68.17 | ~~152~~ | 152 | ~~157~~ | 152 |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Alexandru Roșu (ROU) | B | 68.91 | ~~136~~ | 136 | ~~141~~ | 136 | ~~165~~ | ~~165~~ | ~~165~~ |  |  |
|  | Giorgio De Luca (ITA) | B | 68.93 | ~~131~~ | 131 | ~~136~~ | 131 | ~~160~~ | ~~160~~ | ~~160~~ |  |  |
|  | Gert Trasha (ALB) | B | 68.68 | ~~136~~ | ~~136~~ | ~~136~~ |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Edwin Mosquera (COL) | B | 68.59 | ~~134~~ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Lee Bae-young (KOR) | A | 68.67 | 150 | 153 | 155 | 155 | ~~184~~ | ~~186~~ | ~~186~~ |  |  |
| DQ | Tigran Martirosyan (ARM) | A | 68.90 | 153 | ~~156~~ | ~~156~~ | 153 | ~~183~~ | ~~185~~ | 185 | 185 | ~~**338**~~ |
| DQ | Alexandru Dudoglo (MDA) | B | 68.68 | ~~145~~ | 145 | ~~148~~ | 145 | 163 | 168 | 172 | 172 | ~~**317**~~ |

* Tigran Martirosyan of Armenia originally won the bronze medal, but he was disqualified in 2016 after a re-analysis of his samples from the 2008 Olympics resulted in a positive test for stanozolol and turinabol.
* Alexandru Dudoglo of Moldova originally finished ninth, but he was disqualified in 2016 after a re-analysis of his samples from the 2008 Olympics resulted in a positive test for stanozolol.

## InfoBox

| Men's 69 kg<br>at the Games of the XXIX Olympiad | |
| --- | --- |
| Venue | Beihang University Gymnasium |
| Date | 11–12 August |
| Competitors | 30 from 26 nations |
| Medalists | |
| Liao Hui  China  Vencelas Dabaya  France  Yordanis Borrero  Cuba | |
|


title: Wesley Klein

abstract: Wesley Klein is a Dutch singer. He was mainly known for his participation in the Dutch version of the talent show Popstars on SBS 6 in its second series (2009–2010) in June 2009 in which he won on 29 January 2010. Klein worked in construction until his talent was discovered by accident during a gig in a pub in 2005. He started playing gigs and taking part in local music festivals. After successfully auditioning for the Dutch Popstars in 2009, he went on to win the title, receiving a trophy and a record deal to release his debut single "You Raise Me Up", the winner's song sung by all four finalists. His version was released immediately after the finals and shot to No. 1 on the Dutch Single Top 100 chart dated 6 February 2010, staying at the top for two weeks. In May 2010, Klein performed at three sold out concerts at the Amsterdam ArenA with De Toppers. His debut album Vandaag en morgen was released on 9 July 2010. Klein is in a relationship with Nellie and they have a daughter together. On 15 March 2012, Klein signed a contract with the record label Berk Music.

text:
# Wesley Klein

**Wesley Klein** (born 25 March 1988 in Leiderdorp, Netherlands) is a Dutch singer. He was mainly known for his participation in the Dutch version of the talent show *Popstars* on SBS 6 in its second series (2009–2010) in June 2009 in which he won on 29 January 2010.

Klein worked in construction until his talent was discovered by accident during a gig in a pub in 2005. He started playing gigs and taking part in local music festivals. After successfully auditioning for the Dutch *Popstars* in 2009, he went on to win the title, receiving a trophy and a record deal to release his debut single "You Raise Me Up", the winner's song sung by all four finalists. His version was released immediately after the finals and shot to No. 1 on the Dutch Single Top 100 chart dated 6 February 2010, staying at the top for two weeks. In May 2010, Klein performed at three sold out concerts at the Amsterdam ArenA with De Toppers. His debut album *Vandaag en morgen* (meaning "Today and Tomorrow" in Dutch) was released on 9 July 2010.

Klein is in a relationship with Nellie and they have a daughter together.

On 15 March 2012, Klein signed a contract with the record label Berk Music.

## Discography

### Albums

| Album title | Release date | Charting in the Dutch Album Top 100 | | | Comments |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Date of entry | Highest | Weeks | |
| *Vandaag en morgen* | 9 July 2010 | 17 July 2010 | 5 | 8 |  |
| *Onderweg* | 23 January 2016 | 30 January 2016 | 26 |  |  |

### Singles

| Single title | Release date | Charting in the Dutch Top 40 | | | Comments |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Date of entry | Highest | Weeks | |
| "You Raise Me Up" | 4 February 2010 | 13 February 2010 | 4 | 11 | No. 1 Single Top 100 |
| "Een ongelofelijke droom" | 19 March 2010 | 3 April 2010 | tip2 | - | No. 2 Single Top 100 |
| "Levenslang" | 10 June 2010 | - |  |  | No. 16 Single Top 100 |
| "Een mooie dag" | 2 September 2010 | - |  |  | No. 13 Single Top 100 |
| "Een vrolijk kerstfeest" | 2 December 2010 | - |  |  | No. 36 Single Top 100 |

## InfoBox

| Wesley Klein | |
| --- | --- |
| Wesley Klein during his performance at *Hart voor Muziek* in Eindhoven, the Netherlands. | |
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Wesley Klein |
| Born | (1988-03-25) March 25, 1988 |
| Origin | Leiderdorp, Netherlands |
| Occupation | Singer |
| Instrument(s) | Vocals, piano |
| Years active | 2005present |
| Labels | Berk Music |
|  | |
| Website | wesleyklein.nl |


title: Wesley Kitts

abstract: Wesley Brian "Wes" Kitts is an American weightlifter, two time Pan American Champion and Pan American Games Champion competing in the 105 kg category until 2018 and 109 kg starting in 2018 after the International Weightlifting Federation reorganized the categories.

text:
# Wesley Kitts

**Wesley Brian** "**Wes**" **Kitts** (/ˈwɛs/ *WESS*; born May 22, 1990) is an American weightlifter, two time Pan American Champion and Pan American Games Champion competing in the 105 kg category until 2018 and 109 kg starting in 2018 after the International Weightlifting Federation reorganized the categories.

## Career

In 2018 he competed at the 2018 World Weightlifting Championships in the 109 kg division finishing 10th overall.

In 2019 he competed at the 2019 Pan American Weightlifting Championships in the 109 kg division winning a silver medal in the snatch and gold medals in the clean & jerk, his total of 399 kg was 17 kg more than the silver medalist, and a new Pan American record. On July 30 he competed in the 109 kg division at the Pan American Games. After the snatch portion he was in fourth place, a total of 18 kg behind Jorge Arroyo, he was able to complete his third lift of 217 kg in the clean & jerk to win the gold medal by 1 kg.

He represented the United States at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan. He finished eighth with a total lift of 390 kg.

He won the gold medal in his event at the 2023 Pan American Weightlifting Championships held in Bariloche, Argentina.

In August 2024, Kitts competed in the men's 102 kg event at the 2024 Summer Olympics held in Paris, France. He lifted 374 kg in total and finished in eighth position.

## Major results

| Year | Venue | Weight | Snatch (kg) | | | | Clean & Jerk (kg) | | | | Total | Rank |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | 1 | 2 | 3 | Rank | 1 | 2 | 3 | Rank | | |
| Olympic Games | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2021 | Tokyo, Japan | 109 kg | 173 | ~~177~~ | **177** |  | ~~213~~ | **213** | ~~220~~ |  | **390** | 8 |
| 2024 | Paris, France | 102 kg | 167 | **172** | ~~177~~ |  | **202** | ~~210~~ | ~~210~~ |  | **374** | 8 |
| World Championships | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2017 | Anaheim, United States | 105 kg | 165 | ~~172~~ | **176** | 11 | ~~202~~ | 203 | **210** | 10 | **386** | 10 |
| 2018 | Ashgabat, Turkmenistan | 109 kg | **168** | ~~174~~ | ~~174~~ | 18 | 208 | 215 | **222** | 5 | **390** | 12 |
| 2019 | Pattaya, Thailand | 109 kg | **170** | ~~175~~ | ~~177~~ | 18 | 211 | **218** | ~~225~~ | 12 | **388** | 14 |
| 2022 | Bogota, Colombia | 102 kg | ~~164~~ | 165 | **170** | 11 | 202 | ~~207~~ | **209** | 7 | **379** | 8 |
| 2023 | Riyadh, Saudi Arabia | 109 kg | 160 | 165 | **170** | 9 | 191 | **200** |  | 13 | **370** | 11 |
| Pan American Games | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2019 | Lima, Peru | 109 kg | 165 | ~~171~~ | **172** |  | 207 | 214 | **217** |  | **389** |  |
| Pan American Championships | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 2016 | Cartagena, Colombia | 105 kg | ~~152~~ | 152 | **165** | 5 | **188** | ~~201~~ | ~~208~~ | 7 | **353** | 4 |
| 2017 | Miami, United States | 105 kg | 162 | 170 | **175** |  | **200** | ~~208~~ | ~~209~~ | 5 | **375** |  |
| 2018 | Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic | 105 kg | 165 | **172** | ~~181~~ |  | 202 | ~~211~~ | **212** |  | **384** |  |
| 2019 | Guatemala City, Guatemala | 109 kg | 165 | ~~172~~ | **176** |  | 207 | 214 | **223** |  | **399** |  |
| 2020 | Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic | 109 kg | 155 | **160** | ~~165~~ |  | **190** |  |  | 5 | **350** | 4 |
| 2023 | Bariloche, Argentina | 109 kg | 155 | 160 | **165** |  | 190 | **200** |  |  | **365** |  |

## InfoBox

Wes Kitts
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Wesley Brian Kitts |
| Born | (1990-05-22) May 22, 1990<br>Knoxville, Tennessee, U.S. |
| Weight | 108.45 kg (239 lb) |
| Sport | |
| Country | United States |
| Sport | Weightlifting |
| Weight class | 109 kg |
| Club | BE SOMEBODY Gym |
| Coached by | David Spitz |
| Achievements and titles | |
| Personal bests | * Snatch: 177 kg (2021) * Clean & jerk: 223 kg (2019) * Total: 399 kg (2019) |
| Medal record      Men's weightlifting  Representing  United States  Pan American Games  2019 Lima –109 kg  Pan American Championships  2018 Santo Domingo –105 kg  2019 Guatemala City –109 kg  2023 Bariloche –109 kg  2017 Miami –105 kg | |


title: WestCOT

abstract: WestCOT was a planned second theme park for the Disneyland Resort in Anaheim, California. It was essentially a replica of EPCOT Center at the Walt Disney World Resort in Lake Buena Vista, Florida, and was dedicated to the celebration of human achievement, namely technological innovation and international culture. The park was represented by SpaceStation Earth, a larger version of the geodesic sphere Spaceship Earth featured at EPCOT Center. In the 1990s, The Walt Disney Company expanded the original Disneyland Park into a multi-park, multi-resort business model. Intended to be the centerpiece of the revamping, WestCOT was announced in 1991, though financial restraints contributed to its cancellation in 1995. Its planned site later housed the complex's second theme park Disney California Adventure Park, opened in 2001.

text:
# WestCOT

**WestCOT** was a planned second theme park for the Disneyland Resort in Anaheim, California. It was essentially a replica of EPCOT Center at the Walt Disney World Resort in Lake Buena Vista, Florida, and was dedicated to the celebration of human achievement, namely technological innovation and international culture. The park was represented by SpaceStation Earth, a larger version of the geodesic sphere Spaceship Earth featured at EPCOT Center.

In the 1990s, The Walt Disney Company expanded the original Disneyland Park into a multi-park, multi-resort business model. Intended to be the centerpiece of the revamping, WestCOT was announced in 1991, though financial restraints contributed to its cancellation in 1995. Its planned site later housed the complex's second theme park Disney California Adventure Park, opened in 2001.

## History

In 1991, Disney announced plans to build WestCOT on the site of the Disneyland parking lot. It was themed around a utopian vision of the future, similar to EPCOT Center at Walt Disney World, and it was planned to be the first Disney theme park to contain hotels within the park.

Several issues arose that would ultimately lead to the project's cancellation. It required a significant land acquisition, though residential areas built around Disneyland caused land prices to skyrocket, and thousands of residents wanted to be relocated. Residents claimed that the park's light pollution was too much to bear at night, and that the replica of Spaceship Earth would have become an eyesore. With estimates hovering close to $3 billion and the company's significant financial problems with the recently opened Disneyland Resort Paris, the project was scrapped in 1995. CEO Michael Eisner held a three-day executive retreat in Aspen, Colorado to come up with a new idea, and from that meeting of about thirty executives came the idea for a California-themed park. That project became Disney California Adventure, which opened in 2001 on the property that WestCOT was to occupy.

The idea of building a resort hotel within a theme park was later realized with Disney's Grand Californian Hotel & Spa, which opened in 2001. Hotel guests are able to access Disney California Adventure through an entrance at the northwest corner of the park.

## Areas

### Future World

A shuttle system was going to be planned to transport guests from the parking lot to the center of WestCOT, which would have been dubbed the "Center Court". In Future World, a 300-foot replica of the 180-foot Spaceship Earth from EPCOT Center, named SpaceStation Earth (it was supposed to be golden instead of white), was going to be built. Although plans were made for a giant white spire to be at the center of Future World, residents of the surrounding neighborhoods complained of the proposed size of the structure. An attraction similar to Adventure Thru Inner Space was cloned to WestCOT as Cosmic Journeys. Improved clones of EPCOT Center attractions were also planned for Future World, including Horizons, World of Motion, Journey Into Imagination, Universe of Energy, The Living Seas, Wonders of Life, and The Land.

### World Showcase

World Showcase was cloned, though countries were grouped by regions rather than individual nations. The first pavilion that guests saw upon entering WestCOT’S World Showcase was the Americas Pavilion, with an area representing the early 20th century United States at the park's entrance. The theme of Main Street U.S.A. at Disneyland was continued, as the parks’ gateways were facing each other across a central plaza. The American Adventure in EPCOT Center had been cloned and updated. A First Nations Spirit Lodge show was shown in the Canadian section and an indoor Mexican area included a fiesta show and restaurant. There was another spirit show, featuring the Inca and Aztec cultures.

One of the centerpiece attractions was the World Cruise, which was intended to be a boat cruise around the World Showcase. Audio animatronics scenes were used to depict many of the events shown, including Leonardo da Vinci working on the Mona Lisa, the burning of Rome, and Michelangelo painting the Sistine Chapel. After the show's conclusion, guests could board the next boat to continue the cruise or explore the rest of the area on foot. A clone of the attraction The Timekeeper was made to be built in the European section.

In Asia, Ride the Dragon, a steel roller coaster running through the Dragon’s Teeth Mountains had cars designed like Chinese lion-dragons seen in festival dances. At the point where the coaster was at its peak height, enabling riders to see out of the park, the moving cars would be engulfed in billowing red and gold silks to hide the outside world. For smaller children, there was a carousel in this area of mythical Asian animals. Architecturally, the Asian Corner was composed of Japanese and Chinese elements and a white marble Indian palace which housed the dining and entertainment sections of this particular Corner of the World.

The African Corner featured a white water river raft ride down the fictional Congobezi River, as well as an exhibit on basic farming culture. There was outdoor entertainment in the form of African drummers. There were also designs to build a grand Egyptian Palace; the latter was agreed for the park’s first expansion.

Based on the concept image, there was a hotel inspired by the Disney's Grand Floridian Resort and Spa in Walt Disney World.

**Regions names and brief designs**

* London – Was an iconic showing of the famous city in England featuring "Big Ben".
* New York – Went with the American City Pavilion
* Africa
* Asia
* Paris – Housed the Eiffel Tower
* Tokyo
* China
* Toronto

## InfoBox

WestCOT
| Illustration of the built property | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Disneyland Resort, Anaheim, California, U.S. |
| Status | Cancelled |
| Owner | The Walt Disney Company |
| Operated by | Walt Disney Parks and Resorts |
| Theme | Technological innovation and international culture |


title: Trojanowo, Greater Poland Voivodeship

abstract: Trojanowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Murowana Goślina, within Poznań County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) north of Murowana Goślina and 24 km (15 mi) north of the regional capital Poznań.

text:
# Trojanowo, Greater Poland Voivodeship

**Trojanowo** \[trɔjaˈnɔvɔ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Murowana Goślina, within Poznań County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi) north of Murowana Goślina (on the main road to Wągrowiec) and 24 km (15 mi) north of the regional capital Poznań.

## InfoBox

| Trojanowo | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Trojanowo | |
| Coordinates: 52°36′N 17°1′E / 52.600°N 17.017°E / 52.600; 17.017 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Greater Poland |
| County | Poznań |
| Gmina | Murowana Goślina |