title: Sava Trlajić

abstract: Sava Trlajić was a Bishop of the Serbian Orthodox Church serving as Bishop of the Eparchy of Gornji Karlovac in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia from 1938 until the beginning of World War II. He was murdered by Ustaše of the Nazi Germany-aligned Independent State of Croatia in August 1941. The Serbian Orthodox Church venerates him as a Saint.

text:
# Sava Trlajić

**Sava Trlajić** (Serbian Cyrillic: Сава Трлајић; 19 July 1884 – August 1941) was a Bishop of the Serbian Orthodox Church serving as Bishop of the Eparchy of Gornji Karlovac in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia from 1938 until the beginning of World War II.

He was murdered by Ustaše of the Nazi Germany-aligned Independent State of Croatia in August 1941. The Serbian Orthodox Church venerates him as a Saint.

## Education and career

He was born **Svetozar Trlajić** to Stevan and Jelisaveta (née Karakašević) in Mol on 18 July 1884. His education included the primary school in his hometown, a grammar school in Novi Sad, and seminary of Sremski Karlovci. He then went on to graduate from the Faculty of Law at the University of Belgrade and passed the qualifying examination for judges at the Faculty of Law at the University of Zagreb.

In 1909, he was ordained a deacon by the Bishop of Timișoara and then presbyter ten days later. As a parish priest, he served at parishes in Peška and Bašaid. Early in 1927, he was appointed to an administrative position, and later principal secretary, of the Holy Synod of Bishops of the Church of Serbia. When his wife died, he took monastic vows on 27 October 1929 in the Krušedol Monastery, being tonsured with the name Sava. Soon afterward he became rector and archimandrite of the Krušedol Monastery.

On 30 September 1930, Sava was elected Auxiliary Bishop of Sremski Karlovci. He was consecrated there by Patriarch Varnava, Bishop Emilijan of Timok, Bishop Jovan of Niš, Bishop Tihon of the Eparchy of Zahumlje and Herzegovina, and Bishop Simeon of Zletovo and Strumica. As Patriarchal Vicar Bishop Sava chaired the diocesan council of the Archbishopric of Belgrade and Karlovci. From early 1937, Bishop Sava chaired the ecclesiastical court. He was appointed Bishop of Gornji Karlovac on 22 June 1938, with his residence in Plaški. After the death of Bishop Miron of Pakrac in 1941, he was also named administrator of the Eparchy of Slavonia.

## Martyrdom

After the Invasion of Yugoslavia and the formation of the Nazi Germany-aligned Independent State of Croatia, Plaški was first occupied by Italian forces and then turned over to the Ustashi Croatians in late 1941. Bishop Sava and nine priests were then taken, hostage. On 23 May 1941, Ustashi occupied the bishop's residence and expelled Bishop Sava. On June 8, the notorious executioner Josip Tomljenović ordered all diocesan money and records to be handed over to the Ustashi. Bp. Sava refused the Ustashi order to leave his diocese and go to Belgrade. Not wanting to abandon his flock, he refused. Bishop Sava was arrested on June 17, 1941, and confined, together with three other Serbian priests and thirteen eminent Serbian laymen, in a stable owned by Josip Tomljenović in Plaški. After experiencing intense torture, Bishop Sava and the priests, Bogoljub Gaković, Đuro Stojanović, and Stanislav Nasadilo, were chained and taken to the Gospić concentration camp on 19 July 1941. There, they were tortured until mid-August. At that time Bishop Sava was taken together with 2,000 Serbs toward the Velebit Mountains. Somewhere on this mountain, he was murdered together with thousands of other Orthodox Serbs. The site is still unknown.

## Canonization

In 1998, at the regular session of the Holy Assembly of Bishops of the Serbian Orthodox Church, Bishop Sava was glorified and entered into the list of names of the saints of the Serbian Orthodox Church as hieromartyr.

## InfoBox

| Saint Sava of Gornji Karlovac | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Holy hieromartyr | |
| Born | Svetozar Trlajić
(1884-07-19)19 July 1884
Mol, Austria-Hungary |
| Died | August 1941(1941-08-00) (aged 57)
Velebit, Independent State of Croatia |
| Venerated in | Eastern Orthodox Church |
| Canonized | 1998, Belgrade by Serbian Orthodox Church |
| Feast | 17 July (O.S. 4 July) |
| Attributes | Vested as a bishop |


title: Sarthana Nature Park

abstract: Sarthana Nature Park is a zoological garden located in Surat, Gujarat, India, owned and managed by Surat Municipal Corporation. This is the largest zoological garden of the state and one of the oldest zoological parks of Gujarat, spread over the 81 acres with river Tapi on the north side and Surat Kamrej road is on its south side. The zoo was established in 1984, the first zoo in South Gujarat region and Gujarat's breeding center. The zoo has successfully bred lions, royal Bengal tigers, Himalayan bears and white peafowl.

text:
# Sarthana Nature Park

**Sarthana Nature Park** is a zoological garden located in Surat, Gujarat, India, owned and managed by Surat Municipal Corporation.

This is the largest zoological garden of the state and one of the oldest zoological parks of Gujarat, spread over the 81 acres with river Tapi on the north side and Surat Kamrej road is on its south side.

The zoo was established in 1984, the first zoo in South Gujarat region and Gujarat's breeding center. The zoo has successfully bred lions, royal Bengal tigers, Himalayan bears and white peafowl.

## InfoBox

| Sarthana Nature Park | |
| --- | --- |
| Date opened | 1984 |
| Location | Surat, Gujarat, India |
| Land area | 81 acres |


title: Sasalatti

abstract: Sasalatti is a village in the southern state of Karnataka, India. It is located in the Jamkhandi taluk of Bagalkot district in Karnataka.

text:
# Sasalatti

**Sasalatti** is a village in the southern state of Karnataka, India. It is located in the Jamkhandi taluk of Bagalkot district in Karnataka.

## Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Sasalatti had a population of 7338 with 3790 males and 3548 females.

## InfoBox

| Sasalatti | |
| --- | --- |
| village | |
| SasalattiLocation in Karnataka, IndiaSasalattiSasalatti (India) | |
| Coordinates: 16°28′05″N 75°00′28″E / 16.4681°N 75.0078°E / 16.4681; 75.0078 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Karnataka |
| District | Bagalkot |
| Talukas | Jamkhandi |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 8,226 |
| Languages | |
| Official | Kannada |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |


title: Saviore dell'Adamello

abstract: Saviore dell'Adamello is a comune in the province of Brescia, in Lombardy, Italy. It is bounded by the commune of Cevo. It is located in the Val Camonica region, southwest of Mount Adamello.

text:
# Saviore dell'Adamello

**Saviore dell'Adamello** (Camunian: *Saviúr*) is a *comune* in the province of Brescia, in Lombardy, Italy.

It is bounded by the commune of Cevo. It is located in the Val Camonica region, southwest of Mount Adamello.

## InfoBox

| Saviore dell'Adamello | |
| --- | --- |
| *Comune* | |
| Comune di Saviore dell'Adamello | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location of Saviore dell'Adamello | |
| Saviore dell'AdamelloLocation of Saviore dell'Adamello in ItalySaviore dell'AdamelloSaviore dell'Adamello (Lombardy) | |
| Coordinates: 46°04′53″N 10°24′2″E / 46.08139°N 10.40056°E / 46.08139; 10.40056 | |
| Country | Italy |
| Region | Lombardy |
| Province | Brescia (BS) |
| *Frazioni* | Ponte, Valle |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Alberto Tosa |
| Area | |
| Total | 82 km2 (32 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 1,100 m (3,600 ft) |
| Population (31 December 2011) | |
| Total | 998 |
| Density | 12/km2 (32/sq mi) |
| Demonym | Savioresi |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 25050 |
| Dialing code | 0364 |
| Patron saint | Santa Maria Assunta |
| Saint day | 15 August |
| Website | Official website |


title: Savior complex

abstract: In psychology, a savior complex is an attitude and demeanor in which a person believes they are responsible for assisting other people. A person with a savior complex will often experience empathic episodes and commit to impulsive decisions such as volunteering, donating, or advocating for a cause. A person with the complex will usually make an attempt to assist or continue to assist even if they are not helpful or are detrimental to the situation, others, or themselves. It is often associated with other disorders, such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, and is commonly used interchangebly with the similar term 'Messiah complex'.

text:
# Savior complex

In psychology, a **savior complex** is an attitude and demeanor in which a person believes they are responsible for assisting other people. A person with a savior complex will often experience empathic episodes and commit to impulsive decisions such as volunteering, donating, or advocating for a cause. A person with the complex will usually make an attempt to assist or continue to assist even if they are not helpful or are detrimental to the situation, others, or themselves. It is often associated with other disorders, such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, and is commonly used interchangebly with the similar term 'Messiah complex'.


title: Sauk Valley Community College

abstract: Sauk Valley Community College (SVCC) is a public community college in Dixon, Illinois, United States. It was established in 1965 and was built on the Rock River between the cities of Sterling and Dixon. The college offers an assortment of transfer degree majors, career-technical degrees (A.A.S.) and certificates. It enrolls about 2,000 full and part-time students each semester. Sauk provides numerous opportunities for educational growth including programs in adult education and classes in personal and professional enrichment. Sauk's district includes portions of Bureau, Lee, Henry, Carroll, Ogle, and Whiteside counties. It is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission. The Radiation Technology program is accredited by the Joint Review Committee on Education in Radiologic Technology.

text:
# Sauk Valley Community College

**Sauk Valley Community College** (**SVCC**) is a public community college in Dixon, Illinois, United States. It was established in 1965 and was built on the Rock River between the cities of Sterling and Dixon.

The college offers an assortment of transfer degree majors (e.g., A.A., A.S.), career-technical degrees (A.A.S.) and certificates. It enrolls about 2,000 full and part-time students each semester. Sauk provides numerous opportunities for educational growth including programs in adult education (G.E.D. or E.S.L) and classes in personal and professional enrichment. Sauk's district includes portions of Bureau, Lee, Henry, Carroll, Ogle, and Whiteside counties.

It is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission. The Radiation Technology program is accredited by the Joint Review Committee on Education in Radiologic Technology.

## Academics

The college offers:

## Athletics

Sauk is a member of the Arrowhead Conference and participates in the highest level of National Junior College Athletic Association (NJCAA) competition.

* Men's basketball
* Women's basketball
* Baseball
* Softball
* Cross-country
* Women's tennis
* Men's tennis
* Volleyball
* Golf
* Track

41°49′3.0″N 89°35′52.6″W / 41.817500°N 89.597944°W / 41.817500; -89.597944

## InfoBox

Sauk Valley Community College
| Motto | Sauk Makes It Possible...You Make It Happen! |
| --- | --- |
| Established | 1965 |
| President | David Hellmich |
| Location | Dixon, Illinois, United States |
| Nickname | Skyhawks |
| Mascot | Skyhawk |
| Website | www.svcc.edu |


abstract: Sauk Rapids Township is a township in Benton County, Minnesota, United States near the Mississippi River. The population was 584 at the 2010 census.

text:
# Sauk Rapids Township, Benton County, Minnesota

**Sauk Rapids Township** is a township in Benton County, Minnesota, United States near the Mississippi River. The population was 584 at the 2010 census.

## History

Sauk Rapids Township was organized in 1854. It was named for nearby rapids on the Mississippi River.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 7.6 square miles (19.6 km2), of which 7.5 square miles (19.3 km2) is land and 0.12 square miles (0.3 km2), or 1.45%, is water.

It is only about one-third the size of a normal (36-section) township, being bounded on the west by the Mississippi River. The east three-quarters of the city of Sartell, the northwest edge of the city of St. Cloud, and the north half of the city of Sauk Rapids are within this township geographically but are separate entities.

### Major highway

### Lakes

* Unnamed Lake

### Adjacent townships

### Cemeteries

The township contains four cemeteries: Benton, Pioneer Benton County, Sacred Heart and Trinity.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 723 people, 270 households, and 201 families residing in the township. The population density was 88.4 inhabitants per square mile (34.1/km2). There were 274 housing units at an average density of 33.5 per square mile (12.9/km2). The racial makeup of the township was 98.34% White, 0.28% African American, 0.14% Native American, 0.55% Asian, 0.28% from other races, and 0.41% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.28% of the population.

There were 270 households, out of which 37.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.7% were married couples living together, 5.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.2% were non-families. 15.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.68 and the average family size was 3.07.

In the township the population was spread out, with 27.0% under the age of 18, 10.9% from 18 to 24, 28.2% from 25 to 44, 24.8% from 45 to 64, and 9.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.6 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $61,161, and the median income for a family was $67,500. Males had a median income of $39,750 versus $24,554 for females. The per capita income for the township was $24,421. About 3.4% of families and 2.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 0.5% of those under age 18 and 3.2% of those age 65 or over.

## InfoBox

| Sauk Rapids Township | |
| --- | --- |
| Township | |
| Sauk Rapids TownshipLocation within the state of Minnesota | |
| Coordinates: 45°36′51″N 94°9′43″W / 45.61417°N 94.16194°W / 45.61417; -94.16194 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Minnesota |
| County | Benton |
| Area | |
| Total | 7.6 sq mi (19.6 km2) |
| Land | 7.5 sq mi (19.3 km2) |
| Water | 0.1 sq mi (0.3 km2) |
| Elevation | 1,073 ft (327 m) |
| Population (2010) | |
| Total | 584 |
| Density | 78/sq mi (30.2/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| ZIP code | 56379 |
| Area code | 320 |
| FIPS code | 27-58702 |
| GNIS feature ID | 0665560 |


title: Sawston Hall Meadows

abstract: Sawston Hall Meadows is a 7.4-hectare (18-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest in Sawston in Cambridgeshire. This site has spring fed peat meadows on chalk, a habitat formerly common but now rare. It has the nationally rare flower Selinum carvifolia, which is only found in Cambridgeshire. Drier grassland has a varied flora including spotted-orchid. The site is private land with no public access.

text:
# Sawston Hall Meadows

**Sawston Hall Meadows** is a 7.4-hectare (18-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest in Sawston in Cambridgeshire.

This site has spring fed peat meadows on chalk, a habitat formerly common but now rare. It has the nationally rare flower Selinum carvifolia, which is only found in Cambridgeshire. Drier grassland has a varied flora including spotted-orchid.

The site is private land with no public access.

52°07′08″N 0°10′34″E / 52.119°N 0.176°E / 52.119; 0.176

## InfoBox

Sawston Hall Meadows
| Site of Special Scientific Interest | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | Cambridgeshire |
| Grid reference | TL 491 490 |
| Interest | Biological |
| Area | 7.4 hectares |
| Notification | 1982 |
| Location map | *Magic Map* |


title: Sayaka Mikami

abstract: Sayaka Mikami Sayaka Mikami is a Japanese diver. She competed in the women's 3 metre springboard event at the 2019 World Aquatics Championships. She qualified to represent Japan at the 2020 Summer Olympics.

text:
# Sayaka Mikami

**Sayaka Mikami** (三上 紗也可, *Mikami Sayaka*, born 8 December 2000) is a Japanese diver. She competed in the women's 3 metre springboard event at the 2019 World Aquatics Championships. She qualified to represent Japan at the 2020 Summer Olympics.

## InfoBox

Sayaka Mikami
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | Japanese |
| Born | (2000-12-08) 8 December 2000 |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Diving |
| Medal record      Women's diving  Representing  Japan  World Championships  2022 Budapest 3 m synchro | |


title: Schaller's Original Pump

abstract: Schaller’s Original Pump was the oldest bar and restaurant in Chicago, Illinois. Located at 3714 South Halsted Street, the Pump was opened in 1881 by George “Harvey” Schaller and was owned and operated by the founder’s descendants until its closure in 2017. It was a local landmark in the Chicago South Side neighborhood of Bridgeport.

text:
# Schaller's Original Pump

**Schaller’s Original Pump** was the oldest bar and restaurant in Chicago, Illinois. Located at 3714 South Halsted Street, the Pump was opened in 1881 by George “Harvey” Schaller and was owned and operated by the founder’s descendants until its closure in 2017. It was a local landmark in the Chicago South Side neighborhood of Bridgeport.

## History

Harvey Schaller emigrated from Germany and moved to the South Side neighborhood of Bridgeport in 1881, at a time when Bridgeport's chief industry was meat slaughtering. Schaller opened his pub at the intersection of 37th and Halsted Streets, in the then mostly German Hamburg section of Bridgeport, just a few blocks from the Union Stockyards. For decades, Schaller’s served lunch to crowds of Stockyard workers.

Some resources indicate that Schaller's “Pump” designation dates back to Prohibition, when the two-story brick building housed a speakeasy, and beer was allegedly pumped in from a brewery next door (the Ambrosia Brewing Co.) directly to the beer taps at Schaller’s, enabling its bartenders to reduce on-hand inventory. Schaller’s still has a working peephole from Prohibition times on one of its old doors. Others believe that the “Pump” designation dates back to the Union Stockyard days, when patrons would bring their horses to a watering trough located in front of Schaller’s—which was filled with water from a pump.

The back dining room at Schaller's was used for a horse bookmaking operation until well into the 1960s.

Jack Schaller, a WWII veteran born in 1924, was the most recent longtime proprietor and grandson of the founder. He lived upstairs from the establishment from 1978 until his death in 2016. After Jack died in 2016, Schaller's Pump permanently closed on 30 April 2017.

Across the street from Schaller’s is the 11th Ward Democratic headquarters, which made Schaller’s the unofficial headquarters for Bridgeport’s legacy of Chicago mayors, including Edward Joseph Kelly (1933–47), Martin H. Kennelly (1947–55), Richard J. Daley (1955–76), Michael Anthony Bilandic (1976-79), and Richard M. Daley (1989-2011).

Scenes from the 1948 movie *Call Northside 777*, starring James Stewart, were filmed inside and across the street from Schaller’s.

## InfoBox

| Schaller's Original Pump | |
| --- | --- |
| The restaurant's exterior in September 2022, after closing in 2017 | |
|  | |
| Restaurant information | |
| Established | 1881 (1881) |
| Closed | April 30, 2017 (2017-04-30) |
| Owner(s) | Jack Schaller |
| Previous owner(s) | Harvey Schaller |
| Food type | American |
| Street address | 3714 South Halsted Street |
| City | Chicago |
| County | Cook County |
| State | Illinois |
| Postal/ZIP Code | 60609 |
| Country | United States |
| Coordinates | 41°49′38″N 87°38′46″W / 41.82716°N 87.64622°W / 41.82716; -87.64622 |


title: Saxon (album)

abstract: Saxon is the debut studio album by English heavy metal band Saxon, released in 1979.

text:
# Saxon (album)

***Saxon*** is the debut studio album by English heavy metal band Saxon, released in 1979.

## Reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *Collector's Guide to Heavy Metal* | 5/10 |

Eduardo Rivadavia of AllMusic gave the album three stars out of five, and, in his mixed review, described it as "the quiet before the storm", in terms of the band's subsequent success, and the rising New Wave of British Heavy Metal. Rivadavia also criticized the band's then-lack of experience in the studio as well as their record label, Carrere, for not knowing "how to capture a heavy metal sound on tape", meaning that the album "only hints at Saxon's true personality, power, and songwriting potential". He also said that the progressive rock sounding "Rainbow Theme"/"Frozen Rainbow" and glam rock sounding "Big Teaser" and "Still Fit to Boogie", "suggested some lingering doubts as to musical direction", but that, overall, "the LP helped to put Saxon on the map". Canadian journalist Martin Popoff judged the album "meekly recorded and timid in execution", harkening back to "too many '70s styles, ones that barely fit together" with merely hints of the "more uncompromising forms of metal" Saxon would produce in later years.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Biff Byford, Paul Quinn, Graham Oliver, Steve Dawson and Pete Gill

Side one
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Rainbow Theme" | 3:07 |
| 2. | "Frozen Rainbow" | 2:29 |
| 3. | "Big Teaser" | 3:55 |
| 4. | "Judgement Day" | 5:31 |

Side two
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 5. | "Stallions of the Highway" | 2:52 |
| 6. | "Backs to the Wall" | 3:09 |
| 7. | "Still Fit to Boogie" | 2:53 |
| 8. | "Militia Guard" | 4:50 |

2009 remaster bonus tracks
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 9. | "Big Teaser" (Son of a Bitch demo, 1978) | 3:50 |
| 10. | "Stallions of the Highway" (Son of a Bitch demo, 1978) | 3:03 |
| 11. | "Backs to the Wall" (Son of a Bitch demo, 1978) | 3:12 |
| 12. | "Rainbow Theme" (Son of a Bitch demo, 1978) | 4:38 |
| 13. | "Frozen Rainbow" (Son of a Bitch demo, 1978) | 2:32 |
| 14. | "Backs to the Wall" (BBC session) | 3:17 |
| 15. | "Stallions of the Highway" (BBC session) | 2:47 |
| 16. | "Motorcycle Man" (BBC session) | 3:48 |
| 17. | "Still Fit to Boogie" (BBC session) | 2:46 |
| 18. | "747 (Strangers in the Night)" (BBC session) | 5:02 |
| 19. | "Judgement Day" (live, b-side "Suzie Hold On") | 5:40 |
| 20. | "Still Fit to Boogie" (live) | 2:38 |
| 21. | "Backs to the Wall" (live) | 3:25 |
| 22. | "Stallions of the Highway" (live) | 3:41 |

* Bonus tracks 14–18, Recorded 1980-01-23, Tommy Vance's Friday Rock Show, transmitted 15 February 1980.
* Bonus tracks 20–22 recorded live at Donington, 1980.

## Personnel

Saxon Production

## Charts

| Chart (2018) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| UK Rock & Metal Albums (OCC) | 34 |

## InfoBox

| Saxon | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Saxon | |
| Released | May 1979 |
| Recorded | January–March 1979 |
| Studio | Livingston Recording Studios, Barnet, London |
| Genre | Heavy metal, hard rock |
| Length | 28:54 |
| Label | Carrere |
| Producer | John Verity |
| Saxon chronology | |
| ***Saxon***
(1979) *Wheels of Steel*
(1980) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Saxon* | |
| 1. "Big Teaser"
Released: 6 July 1979 2. "Backs to the Wall"
Released: 2 November 1979 | |
|  | |


title: Saxon (vehicle)

abstract: The Saxon is an armoured personnel carrier formerly used by the British Army and supplied in small numbers to various overseas organisations. It was developed by GKN Sankey from earlier projects, AT 100 IS and AT104, and was due to be replaced by the Future Rapid Effect System.

text:
# Saxon (vehicle)

The **Saxon** is an armoured personnel carrier formerly used by the British Army and supplied in small numbers to various overseas organisations. It was developed by GKN Sankey from earlier projects, AT 100 IS and AT104, and was due to be replaced by the Future Rapid Effect System.

## History

The British Army initially ordered a batch of 47 vehicles in early 1983, with first deliveries taking place in early 1984.

The second order for the British Army was a batch of 247 vehicles with the option for a further 200, the latter exercised in late 1985. The final deliveries of the 447 vehicles was complete by early 1989.

The Royal Artillery ordered 30 Saxons for use as command post vehicles armed with Rapier missiles. These vehicles were all delivered in early 1987.

In 1990, the British Ministry of Defence placed an order of around 100 vehicles as well an order of Saxon ambulances, with first deliveries taking place in 1991. These vehicles had a number of improvements over earlier models, including a Cummins 6BT 5.91-litre turbocharged six-cylinder diesel engine developing 160 bhp coupled with a fully automatic transmission.

The first operational Saxons were deployed in Germany in 1983, to equip mechanised infantry battalions. The Saxon has now been withdrawn from service in HM Armed Forces, but 147 are kept in storage. The Saxon has been deployed to places such as Bahrain, Brunei, Bosnia, Malaysia, Northern Ireland, Oman, Iraq and Afghanistan.

Seven Saxons were ordered by the Royal Hong Kong Police from GKN Sankey in 1987 and delivered in 1988 where they replaced 15 Saracens. They were assigned to the Police Tactical Unit and remained there until withdrawn in 2009. In the Balkans, Saxons were outfitted with turrets taken from FV432s to serve as an improvised anti-sniper turret.

75 Saxons were sold to Ukraine reportedly under a contract made in 2013, i.e. predating the start of the Russo-Ukrainian War. The Ukrainian military announced the deal on 5 December 2014. The former chief commander of British land forces, Richard Dannatt, said that supplying the vehicles to Ukraine was "immoral" as they were "useless" in high intensity warfare. Most of them were outfitted with DShK and dual PK GPMGs.

In Ukrainian service, the type has seen combat against Russian forces during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. As of May 2024, available video and photographic evidence indicates Ukraine has lost at least 14 Saxons during the invasion, with 8 being captured by Russian forces and 6 being destroyed.

The last reported sighting of a Saxon in Ukrainian service was in January 2024. Due their age and poor condition after eight years of combat use, they have been largely replaced with modern MRAPs provided by the United Kingdom and other allied nations.

## Design

The Saxon was developed by GKN Defence (now BAE Systems) as the successor of the AT104.

Main improvements over the AT104 include changes in the armoured hull to provide an equal level of protection to the radiator, engine, transmission and crew; a redesigned hull floor to improve protection against landmines; a more powerful diesel engine and a shorter wheelbase for improved mobility and turning.

The hull is all-welded steel with the driver seated at the front on the right side (left-hand drive versions were also available for export) and the personnel compartment in the rear.

The driver can reach his seat from inside the vehicle or by an hatch over his position. There are bulletproof windscreens on the front and both sides.

The commander's cupola has four sides each with a vision block and a single-piece hatch cover. A 7.62 mm machine gun can be pintle-mounted if necessary. The commander module can be removed and replaced with another module with a different armament installation.

The personnel sits on padded bench seats located on each side of the vehicle which are equipped with seat belts, and leave by two doors on the rear and a single door in each side of the hull. Each door have a firing port and a vision block. There are additional firing ports in each side of the hull and a single firing port in the left forward side of the vehicle. The interior of the hull is lined with a 26 mm (1.0 in) thick thermal insulation and a forced air circulation system was installed by default on all vehicles.

The armoured hull provides protection against small arms including 7.62 mm armour-piercing rounds, and high-explosive shell fragments up to 155 mm (6.1 in) bursting at 10 m (33 ft) from the vehicle. The floor is V-shaped to give maximum protection against mine blasts, except for the axles, which are outside of the armoured compartment.

In British service, each vehicle carried a fully equipped rifle squad of 10. The British Army Saxons originally had a fixed observation cupola for the commander with a socket in each corner of the cupola for a 7.62 mm general-purpose machine gun mount, no door on the left side of the vehicle, and fully enclosed external stowage bins. A total of 515 vehicles were fitted with L8 66 mm smoke grenade launchers.

## Variants

* **Saxon LHD armoured personnel carrier** \- This variant is fitted with a turret armed with a single or twin 7.62 mm GPMG, with an elevation of 50° and a depression of −15°. It can also be used to deploy and operate remote controlled vehicles for bomb disposal duties. The Jordan Design and Development Bureau (KADDB) was involved in the conversion from right-hand drive to left-hand drive with the first working models presented in 2010.

* **Saxon command vehicle** \- Can be fitted with a turret armed with a single or twin 7.62 mm GPMGs or a .50 (12.7 mm) M2HB heavy machine gun. The interior features individual communication control modules, a mapboard with strip lighting, and a storage space.

* **Saxon recovery vehicle** \- Features a Hudson Wharton capstan 5,000 kg (11,000 lb) hydraulic winch that can lift vehicles weighing up 16,000 kg (35,000 lb) with the help of a block and tackle. In British service it was normally operated by a crew of four. A tent can be erected at the rear so repair work can be carried on in all weathers if required. Standard equipment includes tools, a spotlight, Scotch lorry skid pads and a front and rear differential lock.

* **Ambulance** \- The interior is modified to enable two general service stretchers to be carried on each side of the vehicle, or one patient on a stretcher plus five walking wounded. The crew consists of the commander, driver, and a medical orderly.

* **Incident control vehicle**\- A Saxon fitted with a front-mounted obstacle-clearing blade, cage armour, a turret armed with a machine gun and smoke grenade launchers, and a low light TV surveillance system featuring a telescopic mount on the rear of the vehicle.

* **Saxon EOD** \- Specialized vehicle for bomb disposal.

* **Saxon Patrol** \- The final version of the Saxon to enter service with the British Army, it was used in Northern Ireland. Improvements include replacing the Bedford 6-cylinder diesel with a Cummins 6BT 6-cylinder turbocharged diesel engine, a fully automatic transmission that can use a 4×4 or 4×2 drive depending on the tactical situation. Other improvements include barricade removal devices, roof-mounted searchlights, cage armour, a revised cowl for the armoured radiator cover, improved armour, and an upgraded braking system with run-flat tyres fitted as standard.

## Operators

### Current operators

### Former operators

### Non-State Actors

* Donetsk People's Republic - Some of the captured Saxons used by DPR forces.

## Bibliography

## InfoBox

| Saxon | |
| --- | --- |
| A Saxon Armoured Personnel vehicle from the Cheshire Regiment, British Army, 2003 | |
| Type | Armoured personnel carrier |
| Place of origin | United Kingdom |
| Service history | |
| In service | 1976-present |
| Used by | *Operators* |
| Wars |  |
| Production history | |
| Designer | GKN Sankey |
| Designed | 1975-1976 |
| Manufacturer |  |
| Specifications | |
| Mass | 9,940 kg (21,910 lb) (standard)
11,660 kg (25,710 lb) (combat) |
| Length | 5.17 m (17 ft 0 in) |
| Width | 2.49 m (8 ft 2 in) |
| Height | 2.86 m (9 ft 5 in) |
| Crew | 2 |
| --- | |
| Main
armament | 7.62 mm MG |
| Secondary
armament | none |
| Engine | Bedford 500 6-cyl diesel
164 hp (122 kW) |
| Power/weight | 14.06 hp/t (10.48 kW/t) |
| Payload capacity | 10 passengers |
| Transmission | Allison AT-545 automatic with 4 forward gears and 1 reverse gear |
| Suspension | leaf spring with hydraulic shock absorbers |
| Fuel capacity | 153 L (34 imp gal) |
| Operational
range | 510 km (320 mi) |
| Maximum speed | 96 km/h (60 mph) |
| References |  |


title: Schistura fusinotata

abstract: Schistura fusinotata is a species of ray-finned fish in the stone loach genus Schistura. This species has been recorded from stretches of the main Kong River and its tributaries in Laos where there are substrates consisting of stones and large gravel.

text:
# Schistura fusinotata

***Schistura fusinotata*** is a species of ray-finned fish in the stone loach genus *Schistura*. This species has been recorded from stretches of the main Kong River and its tributaries in Laos where there are substrates consisting of stones and large gravel.

## InfoBox

| *Schistura fusinotata* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Cypriniformes |
| Family: | Nemacheilidae |
| Genus: | *Schistura* |
| Species: | ***S. fusinotata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Schistura fusinotata***
Kottelat, 2000 | |
|


title: Sayler Park, Cincinnati

abstract: Sayler Park is one of the 52 neighborhoods of Cincinnati, Ohio. Situated along the Ohio River, it is the westernmost neighborhood in the city. The population was 2,825 at the 2020 census.

text:
# Sayler Park, Cincinnati

**Sayler Park** is one of the 52 neighborhoods of Cincinnati, Ohio. Situated along the Ohio River, it is the westernmost neighborhood in the city. The population was 2,825 at the 2020 census.

## History

Sayler Park was originally known as Home City. Sayler Park was annexed by the City of Cincinnati in 1911. The neighborhood was struck by an F5 tornado in 1974 during the Super Outbreak, killing three people and destroying several homes.

## Demographics

Population of Sayler Park 1900-2020
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1900 | 2,000 |  |
| 1910 | 2,013 | +0.6% |
| 1920 | 2,075 | +3.1% |
| 1930 | 2,352 | +13.3% |
| 1940 | 2,627 | +11.7% |
| 1950 | 2,990 | +13.8% |
| 1960 | 3,165 | +5.9% |
| 1970 | 3,430 | +8.4% |
| 1980 | 3,384 | −1.3% |
| 1990 | 3,516 | +3.9% |
| 2000 | 3,233 | −8.0% |
| 2010 | 2,765 | −14.5% |
| 2020 | 2,825 | +2.2% |
|  | | |
|  | | |

As of the census of 2020, there were 2,825 people living in the neighborhood. There were 1,312 housing units. The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 86.8% White, 5.6% Black or African American, 0.2% Native American, 0.3% Asian, 0.0% Pacific Islander, 0.7% from some other race, and 6.4% from two or more races. 2.1% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 1,193 households, out of which 73.0% were families. 24.0% of all households were made up of individuals.

23.6% of the neighborhood's population were under the age of 18, 60.3% were 18 to 64, and 16.1% were 65 years of age or older. 49.4% of the population were male and 50.6% were female.

According to the U.S. Census American Community Survey, for the period 2016-2020 the estimated median annual income for a household in the neighborhood was $56,918. About 14.7% of family households were living below the poverty line. About 23.8% of adults had a bachelor's degree or higher.

## Parks

The 65-acre (26 ha) Fernbank Park in Sayler Park stretches over a mile along the Ohio River. The Thornton Triangle is Cincinnati's smallest municipal park.

39°06′45″N 84°41′21″W / 39.1125°N 84.6891667°W / 39.1125; -84.6891667

## InfoBox

| Sayler Park | |
| --- | --- |
| Neighborhood of Cincinnati | |
| The Ohio River as seen from Fernbank Park in Sayler Park Ohio | |
| Sayler Park (red) within Cincinnati, Ohio | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Ohio |
| County | Hamilton |
| City | Cincinnati |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 2,825 |


title: Sayle

abstract:
Sayle may refer to:
  - Alexei Sayle, English stand-up comedian, actor, author and former recording artist
  - Amy Sayle (1884–1970), British politician and health visitor
  - Charles Edward Sayle (1864–1924), English Uranian poet, literary scholar and librarian
  - Darrius Sayle, major character in Snakehead
  - Desiree Sayle, Deputy Assistant to the President and Director of the USA Freedom Corps for the Bush Administration
  - Jeff Sayle (motorcyclist), former Grand Prix motorcycle road racer from Australia
  - Jeff Sayle (1942–2019), Australian rugby union international
  - Murray Sayle OAM (1926–2010), Australian journalist, novelist and adventurer
  - Robert Sayle, founder of a department store located in Cambridge
  - William Sayle (1590–1671), prominent British landholder who was Governor of Bermuda in 1643 and again in 1658

text:
# Sayle

**Sayle** may refer to:

* Alexei Sayle (born 1952), English stand-up comedian, actor, author and former recording artist
* Amy Sayle (1884–1970), British politician and health visitor
* Charles Edward Sayle (1864–1924), English Uranian poet, literary scholar and librarian
* Darrius Sayle, major character in Snakehead
* Desiree Sayle, Deputy Assistant to the President and Director of the USA Freedom Corps for the Bush Administration
* Jeff Sayle (motorcyclist) (born 1954), former Grand Prix motorcycle road racer from Australia
* Jeff Sayle (rugby union) (1942–2019), Australian rugby union international
* Murray Sayle OAM (1926–2010), Australian journalist, novelist and adventurer
* Robert Sayle, founder of a department store located in Cambridge
* William Sayle (1590–1671), prominent British landholder who was Governor of Bermuda in 1643 and again in 1658


title: Sayyid Alauddin Atar

abstract: Khwaja Sayyid Mir Alauddin ibn Muhammad Attar, was a Sufi Saint from Bukhara and Qutb of the Naqshbandi Sufi order. He was a descendant of Muhammad and son in law of his master and predecessor Khwaja Bahauddin Naqshband.

text:
# Sayyid Alauddin Atar

**Khwaja Sayyid Mir Alauddin ibn Muhammad Attar**, was a Sufi Saint from Bukhara and Qutb of the Naqshbandi Sufi order. He was a descendant of Muhammad and son in law of his master and predecessor Khwaja Bahauddin Naqshband.

## Biography

Alauddin Attar was born in Khwarezm in a Sayyid household. His father was Khwaja Muhammad Khwarezmi who has also been an islamic scholar and Sufi Saint. Khwaja Alauddin Attar was born as Muhammad ibn Muhammad, who then changed his name with the grace of his master Bahauddin Naqshband, due to his superiority as Sufi Saint. Ala, denotes superiority, and din, religion, which was entitled to him.

Alauddin Attar started learning Islamic Sciences from a very young age and accomplished his studies as a young teenager graduating from all contemporary teachers in Bukhara. After his father's demise, he gave all his inheritance from his father to his little brothers. He then got to know Bahauddin Naqshband, who realized his talent.

Alauddin and his master had a very strong emotional relationship that held lifelong. Historical sources compare this relationship with the relationship Jacob had to his son Joseph, for Bahauddin had no son of his own. Bahauddin was so anstonished because of Alauddin's potential as Saint that legends say, he had seen Muhammad himself in a dream, who ordered him to give his daughter's hands in marriage to his descendant Alauddin.

Alauddin issued Khwaja Hasan and Khwaja Hussein, who were the spiritual and judicial heirs of Bahauddin, for he only had two daughters.

## Ancestry

According to old historical sources Khwaja Alauddin's ancestry traces back to Muhammad after 19 generations. His lineage is as follows:

## Legacy

He taught many accomplished scholars, like Khwaja Yaqub Charkhi, dedicated himself to many charity projects and advised the contemporary rulers, who asked him for advices. His descendants follow his footsteps until today. His descendants are prominent Sufi Saints, Sheikh ul Islam, Grand Muftis, preachers, Commanders and diplomats. His bloodline and line of succession goes through his two sons Hasan and Hussein. His descendant after 6 Generations Hazrat Ishaan was with official consent of the Mughal Empire the head of the household of Alauddin Attar and Bahauddin Naqshband. Through this line the three Sayyid brothers Sayyid Mir Jan, Sayyid Mahmud Agha and Sayyid Mir Fazlullah Agha upheld the traditions of their ancestor Alauddin Attar.

## See also (descendants)

## Sources

## InfoBox

| Grandpatriarch of the Hazrat IshaansSayyid Mir Alauddin Attar | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | 1338–1339
Khwarezm |
| Died | February 1400–1402 |
| Resting place | Jafaaniyan, Uzbekistan |
| Title | Hazrat Shah Saheb(Blessed king) Khwaja-e-Khwajagan (Khwaja of the Khwajas)
Qutb (Contemporary head of saints)
Qudwat ul-Salikeen (The destination of seekers)
Sayyid ul Sadat(Sayyid of the Sayyids)
Mir Miran (Contemporary supervisor of all descendants of Muhammad)
Sardar Mardan(Prince of men(honored by his father Shahe Mardan, Ali Ibn Abi Talib))
Turab(After his father Ali Ibn Abi Talib)
Dost Ali(Friend of Ali)
Yusuf Shahe Naqshband(Joseph of Bahauddin Naqshband) |
| Predecessor | Baha' al-Din Naqshband |
| Successor | Yaqub al-Charkhi |
| Parent | Sayyid Mir Muhammad Khwarezmi |


title: Schnirelmann density

abstract: In additive number theory, the Schnirelmann density of a sequence of numbers is a way to measure how "dense" the sequence is. It is named after Russian mathematician Lev Schnirelmann, who was the first to study it.

text:
# Schnirelmann density

In additive number theory, the **Schnirelmann density** of a sequence of numbers is a way to measure how "dense" the sequence is. It is named after Russian mathematician Lev Schnirelmann, who was the first to study it.

## Definition

The **Schnirelmann density** of a set of natural numbers *A* is defined as

$$\sigma A=\inf \_{n}{\frac {A(n)}{n},}$$

where *A*(*n*) denotes the number of elements of *A* not exceeding *n* and inf is infimum.

The Schnirelmann density is well-defined even if the limit of *A*(*n*)/*n* as *n* → ∞ fails to exist (see upper and lower asymptotic density).

## Properties

By definition, 0  *A*(*n*)  n and *n* σ*A*  *A*(*n*) for all *n*, and therefore 0  σ*A*  1, and σ*A* = 1 if and only if *A* = **N**. Furthermore,

$$\sigma A=0\Rightarrow \forall \epsilon \>0\ \exists n\ A(n)\<\epsilon n.$$

### Sensitivity

The Schnirelmann density is sensitive to the first values of a set:

$\forall k\ k\notin A\Rightarrow \sigma A\leq 1-1/k$.

In particular,

$$1\notin A\Rightarrow \sigma A=0$$

and

$$2\notin A\Rightarrow \sigma A\leq {\frac {1}{2}.}$$

Consequently, the Schnirelmann densities of the even numbers and the odd numbers, which one might expect to agree, are 0 and 1/2 respectively. Schnirelmann and Yuri Linnik exploited this sensitivity.

## Schnirelmann's theorems

If we set $\mathfrak {G}^{2}=\\{k^{2}\\}\_{k=1}^{\infty }$, then Lagrange's four-square theorem can be restated as $\sigma ({\mathfrak {G}^{2}\oplus {\mathfrak {G}^{2}\oplus {\mathfrak {G}^{2}\oplus {\mathfrak {G}^{2})=1}}}}$. (Here the symbol $A\oplus B$ denotes the sumset of $A\cup \\{0\\}$ and $B\cup \\{0\\}$.) It is clear that $\sigma {\mathfrak {G}^{2}=0}$. In fact, we still have $\sigma ({\mathfrak {G}^{2}\oplus {\mathfrak {G}^{2})=0}}$, and one might ask at what point the sumset attains Schnirelmann density 1 and how does it increase. It actually is the case that $\sigma ({\mathfrak {G}^{2}\oplus {\mathfrak {G}^{2}\oplus {\mathfrak {G}^{2})=5/6}}}$ and one sees that sumsetting $\mathfrak {G}^{2}$ once again yields a more populous set, namely all of $\mathbb {N} $. Schnirelmann further succeeded in developing these ideas into the following theorems, aiming towards Additive Number Theory, and proving them to be a novel resource (if not greatly powerful) to attack important problems, such as Waring's problem and Goldbach's conjecture.

> **Theorem.** Let $A$ and $B$ be subsets of $\mathbb {N} $. Then
>
> $\sigma (A\oplus B)\geq \sigma A+\sigma B-\sigma A\cdot \sigma B.$

Note that $\sigma A+\sigma B-\sigma A\cdot \sigma B=1-(1-\sigma A)(1-\sigma B)$. Inductively, we have the following generalization.

> **Corollary.** Let $A\_{i}\subseteq \mathbb {N} $ be a finite family of subsets of $\mathbb {N} $. Then
>
> $\sigma \left(\bigoplus \_{i}A\_{i}\right)\geq 1-\prod \_{i}\left(1-\sigma A\_{i}\right).$

The theorem provides the first insights on how sumsets accumulate. It seems unfortunate that its conclusion stops short of showing $\sigma $ being superadditive. Yet, Schnirelmann provided us with the following results, which sufficed for most of his purpose.

> **Theorem.** Let $A$ and $B$ be subsets of $\mathbb {N} $. If $\sigma A+\sigma B\geq 1$, then
>
> $A\oplus B=\mathbb {N} .$

> **Theorem.** (*Schnirelmann*) Let $A\subseteq \mathbb {N} $. If $\sigma A\>0$ then there exists $k$ such that
>
> $\bigoplus \_{i=1}^{k}A=\mathbb {N} .$

## Additive bases

A subset $A\subseteq \mathbb {N} $ with the property that $A\oplus A\oplus \cdots \oplus A=\mathbb {N} $ for a finite sum, is called an additive basis, and the least number of summands required is called the *degree* (sometimes *order*) of the basis. Thus, the last theorem states that any set with positive Schnirelmann density is an additive basis. In this terminology, the set of squares $\mathfrak {G}^{2}=\\{k^{2}\\}\_{k=1}^{\infty }$ is an additive basis of degree 4. (About an open problem for additive bases, see Erdős–Turán conjecture on additive bases.)

## Mann's theorem

Historically the theorems above were pointers to the following result, at one time known as the $\alpha +\beta $ hypothesis. It was used by Edmund Landau and was finally proved by Henry Mann in 1942.

> **Theorem.** (Mann 1942) Let $A$ and $B$ be subsets of $\mathbb {N} $. In case that $A\oplus B\neq \mathbb {N} $, we still have
>
> $\sigma (A\oplus B)\geq \sigma A+\sigma B.$

An analogue of this theorem for lower asymptotic density was obtained by Kneser. At a later date, E. Artin and P. Scherk simplified the proof of Mann's theorem.

## Waring's problem

Let $k$ and $N$ be natural numbers. Let $\mathfrak {G}^{k}=\\{i^{k}\\}\_{i=1}^{\infty }$. Define $r\_{N}^{k}(n)$ to be the number of non-negative integral solutions to the equation

$$x\_{1}^{k}+x\_{2}^{k}+\cdots +x\_{N}^{k}=n$$

and $R\_{N}^{k}(n)$ to be the number of non-negative integral solutions to the inequality

$$0\leq x\_{1}^{k}+x\_{2}^{k}+\cdots +x\_{N}^{k}\leq n,$$

in the variables $x\_{i}$, respectively. Thus $R\_{N}^{k}(n)=\sum \_{i=0}^{n}r\_{N}^{k}(i)$. We have

* $r\_{N}^{k}(n)\>0\leftrightarrow n\in N{\mathfrak {G}^{k},}$
* $R\_{N}^{k}(n)\geq \left({\frac {n}{N}\right)^{\frac {N}{k}.}}$

The volume of the $N$-dimensional body defined by $0\leq x\_{1}^{k}+x\_{2}^{k}+\cdots +x\_{N}^{k}\leq n$, is bounded by the volume of the hypercube of size $n^{1/k}$, hence $R\_{N}^{k}(n)=\sum \_{i=0}^{n}r\_{N}^{k}(i)\leq n^{N/k}$. The hard part is to show that this bound still works on the average, i.e.,

> **Lemma.** (*Linnik*) For all $k\in \mathbb {N} $ there exists $N\in \mathbb {N} $ and a constant $c=c(k)$, depending only on $k$, such that for all $n\in \mathbb {N} $,
>
> $r\_{N}^{k}(m)\<cn^{{\frac {N}{k}-1}}$
>
> for all $0\leq m\leq n.$

With this at hand, the following theorem can be elegantly proved.

> **Theorem.** For all $k$ there exists $N$ for which $\sigma (N{\mathfrak {G}^{k})\>0}$.

We have thus established the general solution to Waring's Problem:

> **Corollary.** (Hilbert 1909) For all $k$ there exists $N$, depending only on $k$, such that every positive integer $n$ can be expressed as the sum of at most $N$ many $k$-th powers.

## Schnirelmann's constant

In 1930 Schnirelmann used these ideas in conjunction with the Brun sieve to prove **Schnirelmann's theorem**, that any natural number greater than 1 can be written as the sum of not more than *C* prime numbers, where *C* is an effectively computable constant: Schnirelmann obtained *C* \< 800000. **Schnirelmann's constant** is the lowest number *C* with this property.

Olivier Ramaré showed in (Ramaré 1995) that Schnirelmann's constant is at most 7, improving the earlier upper bound of 19 obtained by Hans Riesel and R. C. Vaughan.

Schnirelmann's constant is at least 3; Goldbach's conjecture implies that this is the constant's actual value.

In 2013, Harald Helfgott proved Goldbach's weak conjecture for all odd numbers. Therefore, Schnirelmann's constant is at most 4.

## Essential components

Khintchin proved that the sequence of squares, though of zero Schnirelmann density, when added to a sequence of Schnirelmann density between 0 and 1, increases the density:

$$\sigma (A+{\mathfrak {G}^{2})\>\sigma (A){\text{ for }0\<\sigma (A)\<1.}}$$

This was soon simplified and extended by Erdős, who showed, that if *A* is any sequence with Schnirelmann density α and *B* is an additive basis of order *k* then

$\sigma (A+B)\geq \alpha +{\frac {\alpha (1-\alpha )}{2k}\\,,}$

and this was improved by Plünnecke to

$\sigma (A+B)\geq \alpha ^{1-{\frac {1}{k}\ .}}$

Sequences with this property, of increasing density less than one by addition, were named **essential components** by Khintchin. Linnik showed that an essential component need not be an additive basis as he constructed an essential component that has *x*o(1) elements less than *x*. More precisely, the sequence has

$$e^{(\log x)^{c}}$$

elements less than *x* for some *c* \< 1. This was improved by E. Wirsing to

$$e^{{\sqrt {\log x}\log \log x}.}$$

For a while, it remained an open problem how many elements an essential component must have. Finally, Ruzsa determined that for every *ε* \> 0 there is an essential component which has at most *c*(log *x*)1+*ε* elements up to *x*, but there is no essential component which has *c*(log *x*)1+*o*(1) elements up to *x*.


title: Schnitt Acht

abstract: Schnitt Acht was an American EBM and industrial metal band from Orlando, Florida, active in the first half of the 1990s. The band's name is German for "cut eight", initially a translation error of "Section 8", "Abschnitt Acht" in German.

text:
# Schnitt Acht

**Schnitt Acht** was an American EBM and industrial metal band from Orlando, Florida, active in the first half of the 1990s. The band's name is German for "cut eight", initially a translation error of "Section 8", *"Abschnitt Acht"* in German.

## History

Formed in the late 1980s in Orlando, Florida by Morgan Lekcirt (born William Morgan Trickel), Virgil L. Hibbs, Abbot Zigler (born Christopher Lee) and later Jeff Paymaster, they signed in 1989 with DJ Magic Mike's Majii label that was part of the Cheetah Record Company. Following several 12-inch singles, Schnitt Acht (alternately spelled *SCHNITT Acht!*) released their first album *Subhuman Minds* in 1990. It was followed in 1993 by *Slash and Burn*. The second album took a musical turn from the industrial dance style of *subhuman Minds* towards a more guitar-driven industrial crossover sound. Between 1991 and 1994 the band did a lot of touring, even performing in Europe and making tours in Germany and Romania. After their last tour in 1994, the band split up.

Virgil later started his own band WIRETRIPN, with which he self-released in 2001 the album *Midnight in the Robot Factory* via online retailer IUMA.

Paymaster, with Morgan, and Jan Herkach the techno/rave trio Radioactive Goldfish with whom he released "*LSD Is the Bomb*" which hit #8 of the Billboard Dance/Club Play Songs on March 14, 1992. Later he kept releasing as - among others - Rainbow Bridge and Gypsy Sun, worked as a producer in Florida and run the label Rainbow Bridge Records out of Orlando.

## Discography

The discography consists of two studio albums and four twelve inches.

### Subhuman Minds (1989/91)

| Subhuman Minds
On the Firing Line | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Schnitt Acht | |
| Released | 1990 (CD: 1991) |
| Genre | EBM, electro-industrial |
| Length | 57:19 (CD) |
| Label | Cheetah
Hyperium (Germany) |
| Producer | Morgan Lekcirt |
| Schnitt Acht chronology | |
| ***Subhuman Minds
On the Firing Line***
(1990) *Slash and Burn*
(1993) | |

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | link |

***Subhuman Minds*** (or with its subtitle *Subhuman Minds on the Firing Line*) was the band's first album, released on vinyl in 1990 by Cheetah's Majii label. It is electro-industrial and was licensed by Hyperium Records for a German release. For while, a CD release of the album was only available by the German label, but in 1991 Cheetah issued a Gold release for the North American market.

#### Track list

All songs are written and produced by Morgan Lekcirt.
Published by C.H.R. Publishing.

##### *Vinyl*

*Side 1*

1. Grouch
2. Killing All the Time (6:22)
3. He's Back
4. Sinking
5. He Bought the Farm
6. Forming

*Side 2*

7. Killing All the Time
8. Sub Human Mind
9. CIC
10. Dream World

##### *Compact Disc*

*Act 1: The Fire of War*

1. Subhuman Minds (3:46)
2. Killing All the Time (6:22)
3. Metal Storm (3:48)
4. C.I.C. (4:19)
5. Fire (4:58)
6. Sinking (4:01)
7. Forming (1:47)

*Act 2: This is Not a Dream*

8. He Bought the Farm (5:25)
9. Ice Grip (6:10)
10. Grouch (4:11)
11. Good Evening Fraülin (4:11)
12. Dream World (4:36)
13. Deforming (3:41)

#### Credits

* Morgan Lekcirt - *vocals, programming, percussion sampling & keyboards*
* Virgil L. Hibbs - *guitar percussion, backing vocals*
* Abbot Zigler. - *drums keyboards & percussion*
* Jeff E. - *drums & percussion*
* Thomas R. Reich - *executive producer & manager*
* Jan Hrkach - *recording, engineering, mixing & additional production*
* Bob Ingra - *mixing, additional production*
* Mike Fuller - *mastering*
* DJ Magic Mike \- *mastering input*

#### Singles

* 1989 ***Subhuman Minds*** (12")
* 1990 ***Fire*** (12")
* 1991 ***Grouch*** (12")

### Slash and Burn (1992/93)

| *Slash and Burn* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Schnitt Acht | |
| Released | 18 May 1993 |
| Genre | industrial metal, electro-industrial |
| Length | 58:44 |
| Label | Cheetah
Hyperium (Germany) |
| Producer | Morgan Lekcirt |
| Schnitt Acht chronology | |
| *Subhuman Minds*
(1991) ''***Slash and Burn''***
(1993) | |

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | link |

With their second album ***Slash and Burn***, released in 1993, they slowly moved into a more metal-influenced style, while trying to retain much that made their first album work. Originally release on Cheetah's Majii label, it was licensed by Hyperium for Germany and by Devotion Records for the U.K.

#### Track list

All songs are written and produced by Morgan Lekcirt.
Published by C.H.R. Publishing.
*Sides* are indicated, even on the compact disc release.

*Side A*

1. Sweet Liberty (5:13)
2. Dead Connection (1:11)
3. The War Has Begun (4:16)
4. Radical Retraction (1:45)
5. Rage (4:52)
6. Crawl (2:31)
7. I Don't Think So (6:18)

*Side B*

8. Reforming (5:35)
9. Dialogue (5:03)
10. Random Funk (3:53)
11. Reality Tap (3:25)
12. Give Me Release (5:17)
13. Aftermath (5:35)
14. Overture (3:50)

#### Credits

* Morgan Lekcirt - *vocals, programming, beats & keyboards, mixing*
* Virgil L. Hibbs - *guitars, programming, backing vocals*
* Abbot Zigler. - *drums & percussion*
* Thomas R. Reich - *executive producer & manager*

#### Single

* 1992 ***Rage / Random Funk*** (CD / 12")

## InfoBox

| Schnitt Acht | |
| --- | --- |
| Origin | Orlando, FL, USA |
| Genres | EBM, industrial metal |
| Years active | ca. 1989–1994 |
| Labels | Cheetah Records |
| Spinoffs |  |
|  | |
| Past members | Morgan Lekcirt
Virgil L. Hibbs
Christopher Lee
Jeff E. Paymaster |


title: Schnitger organ (Hamburg)

abstract: The organ of the St. Jacobi Church in Hamburg, was built from 1689 to 1693 by the most renowned organ builder of his time, Arp Schnitger. The organ boasts four manuals and pedal with 60 stops, 15 of which are reeds – and has approximately 4000 sounding pipes. All in all, from the organ's original installation and its condition today not much of its conception has changed. The old pipework and the prospect pipes have been preserved in almost original format. It is the largest organ in existence from before 1700 and is one of the most eminent Baroque instruments that have been preserved.

text:
# Schnitger organ (Hamburg)

The **organ of the St. Jacobi Church** (St. James' Church) in Hamburg, was built from 1689 to 1693 by the most renowned organ builder of his time, Arp Schnitger. The organ boasts four manuals and pedal with 60 stops, 15 of which are reeds – and has approximately 4000 sounding pipes. All in all, from the organ's original installation and its condition today (despite the partial destruction during World War II) not much of its conception has changed. The old pipework and the prospect pipes have been preserved in almost original format. It is the largest organ in existence from before 1700 and is one of the most eminent Baroque instruments that have been preserved.

## Building history

### Preceding instruments

It is not yet documented when the very first organ at St. Jacobi was built. Nevertheless, it can be attested to that there was a certain organist at St. Jacobi named "Meister Rudolf" around 1300. It is known that from 1512 – 1516 a two-manual instrument was built by Jacob Iversand and Harmen Stüven. A Rückpositiv (positive organ division) was added before 1543. Further refurbishments followed in the 16th and 17th centuries by several builders. Among them were Jacob Scherer (from 1551), his son-in-law Dirk Hoyer (1577–1578) who built a new Rückpositiv and two new pedal towers; also Hans Bockelmann (1588–1589) and Hans Scherer the Elder (1588–1592) who provided a new Oberwerk (upper division). Scherer's sons Hans and Fritz refurbished the organ in 1606/7. At the end of the 16th century, musician Hieronymus Praetorius thus ended up having one of the most impressive and large instruments in the country at his disposal. The earlier disposition of 1592 with 53 stops and 3 manuals is provided by Michael Praetorius in his treatise, Syntagma Musicum:

Disposition of 1592

Annotations 1. "12. Schue lang / und ist offen".
2. To be played at II or III.
3. "Angehende im C".
4. "8. füsse lang".
5. "Vom f biß ins a2 wie gebräuchlich".
6. "Aus dem F".
7. "Wobey 1. Baß von 12.fuß".

Between 1635 and 1636, Gottfried Fritzsche greatly expanded the instrument from its previous Renaissance keyboard range. It was enlarged to span four octaves and four manuals. Ulrich Cernitz, St. Jacobi organist of the time (who had studied with Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck) reported extensively on these expansions which led to the instrument having more than 56 registers. Renovations were also made by his son, Hans Christoph Fritzsche, in 1655.

### New build by Schnitger in 1693

Arp Schnitger used the existing instrument and kept 27 of the stops (including some of the oldest pipes of the original 1516 organ) for his project. Schnitger built the rest of the stops himself. He then expanded the four-manual instrument to 60 stops. Despite the advice of one of the most prominent organists at the church of St. Katharinen in Hamburg, Johann Adam Reincken, Schnitger installed both a Principal 32' and Posaune 32' into the pedal. This brought a tremendous prestige factor to the instrument. The total costs for this project was 29.108 Marks. The different divisions have the following (German) names: Werck (Hauptwerk), Rückpositiv, Oberpositiv, Brustpositiv and Pedal. The prospect of the Schnitger organ in St. Jacobi is the largest existing example of the so-called "Hamburg Prospects": those having many-tiered divisional structures that was developed by the organ builder family Scherer in Hamburg around 1600. Typical for these fronts are the symmetrical case with the large pedal towers at each side and the staggered arrangement of the manual divisions, although the Oberpositiv did not appear in these frontal prospects. Instead, it was located in a higher position behind the Great (having no back panel). The directness of the sound is in part created by the wide downward shaping arches of the building. These create excellent acoustics. The figures on the prospect were cut by Christian Precht and belong to his latest known works.

In 1720, Johann Sebastian Bach applied for the position of organist at St. Jacobi. However Bach, despite being a famed organist, did not get the position. Instead it was awarded to Johann Joachim Heitmann, who was able to pay the required high sum of 4000 Mark into the church fund and also marrying the pastor's daughter. In the records of Johann Mattheson we find part of a rather severe sermon by the pastor of St. Jacobi at the time, Erdmann Neumeister: "He believed with certainty that – if one of the angels were to descend from heaven and, wanting to become an organist of St. Jacobi, played divinely – but if this angel from Bethlehem had no money, they would simply have to fly away again."

It is confirmed that Bach also played the organ in the neighbouring church of St. Katharinen. Apparently the condition of the St. Jacobi instrument was (temporarily) not very good. He therefore left before playing the official audition for the post.

The disposition of 1721 was notated by organbuilder Otto Diedrich Richborn:

Disposition of 1721

* 2 tremulants
* Zimbelstern, *Trommel*
* 5 stop valves, 1 main valve

### Later work

In 1722 Otto Diedrich Richborn made a small change in the organ's disposition. Later, in 1761, organ builder Johann Jacob Lehnert from Hamburg also slightly changed the disposition. From 1774 to 1775, Johann Paul Geycke renewed the console. Further renovations were carried out in 1790 by Johann Daniel Kahl; then once again in 1836 and 1846 by Johann Gottlieb Wolfsteller. In 1866, new wind channels and compensatory bellows were built. Jürgen Marcussen made a further disposition change by installing an additional pneumatic system with five registers in 1890.

### Restorations

In 1917 there was a serious invasion of the tonal quality of the instrument. This happened when the tin prospect pipes had to be taken down and handed over to the army administration's metal collection during the First World War. After World War I, Hans Henny Jahnn and Gottlieb Harms discovered and realized the value of this instrument. They advocated for the repair and replacement of the missing front pipes. Substantial funds were raised for this purpose with a series of benefit concerts (called Ugrino concerts) in 1922. Jahnn managed to secure Günther Ramin, organist of the Leipzig Thomaskirche, for these concerts. Ramin brought back compositions of Hamburg organists of the 17th century alongside works of Buxtehude and Bach to the concert space for the first time in a long while. At the organ convention, initiated by Jahnn in Hamburg and Lübeck in July 1925, the Schnitger organ in St. Jacobi became a great focus of interest in the organ scene of Northern Europe. It became known as a model instrument for Baroque and pre-Baroque organ music.

Because the wind chests, pipework and carvings were removed in 1942, this prevented these sound-producing parts of the organ from being destroyed in World War II. When the church completely burned down, Schnitger's case, the bellow enclosure and the console of 1774 were lost. The southern nave was only slightly destroyed, and after its restoration in 1950 the Lübeck organ workshop Kemper made a provisional installation. Kemper had already carried out the restoration work of previous decades under the direction of and cooperation with Hans Henny Jahnn.

Another step along the way towards restoration was at the old site in the west of the main nave, completed in 1961. It included a new case for the old divisions, a new console with carved heads for register knobs (1950), an extension of the keyboard ranges with the necessary technical adjustments and an extremely stiff action by Kemper. This effort resulted in a sound that was phonetically uneven, and an action that was unsatisfactory. The use of different wind pressures in the manual divisions and the pedal did not correspond to historical building practice. The pipework had been shortened in different ways during the course of the 19th and 20th centuries to emulate modern pitch. Many pipes on the wind chests became displaced. The sound of the principal choir was too similar to that of the flutes. The reeds had no stability. Furthermore, the proportions of the case were incorrect, because the keyboard extensions led to many additional large pipes that had to be considered. Despite all this, the sound quality of the instrument was still recognizable and continued to fascinate listeners.

The push for a fundamental restoration of the organ came from St. Jacobi organist Rudolf Kelber in 1982. He wanted to get rid of all the technical defects and problems in sound quality. A consensus was reached to restore it to the old state i.e. that of the Jacobi organ as it was in the late 18th century, with all its surviving components. These included the registers by Johann Jacob Lehnert from the year 1761 (the Viola di Gamba 8 'in the Werck and the Trommet 8' in the Rückpositiv). No attempt was made to reconstruct the console from 1774. Instead it made more sense to return to the concept of Schnitger, with the short octave in the manual keyboards. This was done according to the model of the Schnitger console received from the Lübeck Dom organ. The recovery of the original case proportions with original Schnitger wind chest dimensions was essential. A compromise here was the addition of the note D sharp (or E flat) in the bass octave of the pedal. This was placed on an auxiliary chest outside the case. The wind supply was set up with six wedge bellows located in the upper area of the tower space, behind the organ.

Jürgen Ahrend, regarded as a connoisseur of Schnitger organs (and who had all the resources needed for this project in his workshop) was commissioned for this project. The materials included a provision of wood that had been stored up for decades. Three hundred years after the completion of the organ built by Arp Schnitger, the restored instrument was inaugurated in 1993. Cornelius H. Edskes, the leading Dutch organologist and Schnitger specialist, made sure the restoration was done as fundamentally secure as possible by creating the meticulous documentation needed. The result was a collection of more than 60,000 pieces of data.

The discussion regarding the tuning of the organ led to the decision for modified mean tone temperament. It is a compromise between the standard pure thirds of the mean tone tuning and the requirements for playing organ literature from the 17th and 18th centuries in keys that contain multiple sharps/ flats. The discovery of the mean tone temperament was read off of the pipe lengths of the inner pipes of the Principal 32' in the pedal.

The Schnitger organ in Hamburg's main church of St. Jacobi has become one of the most influential models for organ building in the last 100 years.

## Disposition

Today's disposition dates back to the restoration of 1993, which in effect restored the state of 1762.

Sch = Scherer (16th/17th century) F = Gottfried Fritzsche (1636) S = Arp Schnitger (1693) L = Johann Jakob Lehnert (1761) A = Jürgen Ahrend (1993)

## Technical data

* 60 stops, about 4000 pipes
* Wind supply:
    + 12 wind chests (Schnitger)
    + One main valve, five stop valves (Ahrend)
    + 6 wedge bellows (Ahrend)
    + Wind pressure: 80 mm
* Tuning:
    + Pitch: a1 = 495.45 Hz at 18 degrees Celsius
    + Modified meantone (−1/5 syntonic comma)

## Bibliography

* Cornelius H. Edskes, Harald Vogel, translated by Joel Speerstra (2016): *Arp Schnitger and His Work.* Bremen: Edition Falkenberg. ISBN 978-3-95494-092-9, pp. 66–69, 178–179.
* Cornelius H. Edskes (1996): *Über die Stimmtonhöhe und Temperatur der Arp-Schnitger-Orgel von St. Jacobi in Hamburg.* In: Hans Davidsson (ed.): *Cornelius H. Edskes doctor honoris causa.* Göteborg: Göteborgs universitet, Department of Musicology. ISBN 91-85974-37-4, pp. 1941.
* Gustav Fock (1974): *Arp Schnitger und seine Schule. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte des Orgelbaues im Nord- und Ostseeküstengebiet.* Kassel: Bärenreiter. ISBN 3-7618-0261-7, pp. 240–241.
* Ibo Ortgies (2007): *Die Praxis der Orgelstimmung in Norddeutschland im 17. und 18. Jahrhundert und ihr Verhältnis zur zeitgenössischen Musikpraxis.* Göteborg: Göteborgs universitet (gbv.de online).
* Heimo Reinitzer (ed.) (1995): *Die Arp-Schnitger-Orgel der Hauptkirche St. Jacobi in Hamburg.* Hamburg: Christians. ISBN 3-7672-1187-4.

Media related to Arp-Schnitger-Orgel in der Hauptkirche St. Jacobi in Hamburg at Wikimedia Commons

53°33′01″N 10°00′01″E / 53.55028°N 10.00028°E / 53.55028; 10.00028


title: Scipio Township, Seneca County, Ohio

abstract: Scipio Township is one of the fifteen townships of Seneca County, Ohio, United States. The 2020 census found 1,674 people in the township.

text:
# Scipio Township, Seneca County, Ohio

**Scipio Township** is one of the fifteen townships of Seneca County, Ohio, United States. The 2020 census found 1,674 people in the township.

## Geography

Located in the east central part of the county, it borders the following townships:

The village of Republic is located in central Scipio Township.

## Name and history

Scipio Township was organized in 1824. It was named after Scipio, New York, the former hometown of many of its early settlers. Statewide, the only other Scipio Township is located in Meigs County.

## Government

The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1. Two are elected in the year after the presidential election and one is elected in the year before it. There is also an elected township fiscal officer, who serves a four-year term beginning on April 1 of the year after the election, which is held in November of the year before the presidential election. Vacancies in the fiscal officership or on the board of trustees are filled by the remaining trustees.

## InfoBox

| Scipio Township, Seneca County, Ohio | |
| --- | --- |
| Township | |
| Countryside southwest of Republic | |
| Location of Scipio Township in Seneca County | |
| Coordinates: 41°7′27″N 83°1′9″W / 41.12417°N 83.01917°W / 41.12417; -83.01917 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Ohio |
| County | Seneca |
| Area | |
| Total | 36.9 sq mi (95.5 km2) |
| Land | 36.9 sq mi (95.5 km2) |
| Water | 0.0 sq mi (0.0 km2) |
| Elevation | 850 ft (259 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 1,674 |
| Density | 45/sq mi (18/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| FIPS code | 39-71024 |
| GNIS feature ID | 1086953 |


title: Scopula falcovitshi

abstract: Scopula falcovitshi is a moth of the family Geometridae.

text:
# Scopula falcovitshi

***Scopula falcovitshi*** is a moth of the family Geometridae.

## InfoBox

| *Scopula falcovitshi* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Geometridae |
| Genus: | *Scopula* |
| Species: | ***S. falcovitshi*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Scopula falcovitshi***<br>Viidalepp, 1992 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Pseudocinglis falcovitshi* | |


title: ScientificMatch.com

abstract: ScientificMatch.com was an online dating service launched in December 2007 by Eric Holzle and based in Boston, Massachusetts. The company scanned cells from the inside of members' mouths for six immunity markers to help them find someone who is a match. The test results were used to match people with complementary immune systems. The website was shut down in early 2012.

text:
# ScientificMatch.com

**ScientificMatch.com** was an online dating service launched in December 2007 by Eric Holzle and based in Boston, Massachusetts.

The company scanned cells from the inside of members' mouths for six immunity markers to help them find someone who is a match. The test results were used to match people with complementary immune systems.

The website was shut down in early 2012.

## InfoBox

ScientificMatch.com
| Founded | December 2007 |
| --- | --- |
| Dissolved | Early 2012 |
| Headquarters | Boston |
| Founder(s) | Eric Holzle |
| URL | www.scientificmatch.com |
| Current status | Defunct |


title: Scott Walker Sings Jacques Brel

abstract: Scott Walker Sings Jacques Brel is a compilation of Jacques Brel compositions recorded by Scott Walker during the period of 1967 to 1969. The compilation brings together all the Brel material that Walker covered on record. Walker additionally performed five Brel songs on his television series including "Alone"; another Brel/Shuman composition. None of these live recordings were released on the accompanying soundtrack. "Mathilde", "My Death" and "Amsterdam" are from Scott (1967). "Jackie", "Next" and "The Girls and the Dogs" are from Scott 2 (1968). "Sons Of", "Funeral Tango" and "If You Go Away" are from Scott 3 (1969). The original 1981 release included the Walker composition "Little Things" from 'Til the Band Comes In (1970) to round off the second side of the LP. The 1990 CD re-release only includes the nine Brel compositions. Rhapsody praised the album, calling it one of their favorite cover albums.

text:
# Scott Walker Sings Jacques Brel

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic |  |

***Scott Walker Sings Jacques Brel*** is a compilation of Jacques Brel compositions recorded by Scott Walker during the period of 1967 to 1969. The compilation brings together all the Brel material that Walker covered on record. Walker additionally performed five Brel songs on his television series including "Alone"; another Brel/Shuman composition. None of these live recordings were released on the accompanying soundtrack.

"Mathilde", "My Death" and "Amsterdam" are from *Scott* (1967). "Jackie", "Next" and "The Girls and the Dogs" are from *Scott 2* (1968). "Sons Of", "Funeral Tango" and "If You Go Away" are from *Scott 3* (1969).

The original 1981 release included the Walker composition "Little Things (That Keep Us Together)" from *'Til the Band Comes In* (1970) to round off the second side of the LP. The 1990 CD re-release only includes the nine Brel compositions.

Rhapsody (online music service) praised the album, calling it one of their favorite cover albums.

## Track listing

### Original 1981 LP

Side one
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Jackie" | Jacques Brel, Gérard Jouannest, Mort Shuman |  |
| 2. | "Next" | Brel, Shuman |  |
| 3. | "The Girls and the Dogs" | Brel, Jouannest, Shuman |  |
| 4. | "If You Go Away" ("Ne me quitte pas") | Brel, Rod McKuen |  |
| 5. | "Funeral Tango" | Jouannest, Brel, Shuman |  |

Side two
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 6. | "Mathilde" | Brel, Jouannest, Shuman |  |
| 7. | "Amsterdam" | Brel, Shuman |  |
| 8. | "Sons Of" | Jouannest, Brel, Shuman |  |
| 9. | "My Death" | Brel, Shuman |  |
| 10. | "Little Things (That Keep Us Together)" | Scott Walker, Ady Semel |  |

### 1990 CD re-release

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Mathilde" | Brel, Jouannest, Shuman | 2:40 |
| 2. | "Amsterdam" | Brel, Shuman | 3:07 |
| 3. | "Jackie" | Brel, Jouannest, Shuman | 2:24 |
| 4. | "My Death" | Brel, Shuman | 5:00 |
| 5. | "Next" | Brel, Shuman | 2:53 |
| 6. | "The Girls and the Dogs" | Brel, Jouannest, Shuman | 3:11 |
| 7. | "If You Go Away" | Brel, McKuen | 5:01 |
| 8. | "Funeral Tango" | Jouannest, Brel, Shuman | 2:58 |
| 9. | "Sons Of" | Jouannest, Brel, Shuman | 3:24 |

## Release details

| Country | Date | Label | Format | Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| United Kingdom | 1981 | Philips Records | Vinyl | 6359 090 |
| | 1990 | Fontana | CD | 838 212-2 |
|

## InfoBox

| Scott Walker Sings Jacques Brel | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Compilation album by Scott Walker | |
| Released | 1981 |
| Recorded | 1967–1970 |
| Length | 31:59 (CD) |
| Label | Philips Records |
| Scott Walker chronology | |
| *Fire Escape in the Sky: The Godlike Genius of Scott Walker*
(1981) ***Scott Walker Sings Jacques Brel***
(1981) *Climate of Hunter*
(1984) | |


title: Scotobleps

abstract: Scotobleps is a monotypic frog genus in the family Arthroleptidae; its sole species is Scotobleps gabonicus, sometimes known as the Gaboon forest frog or Gabon forest frog. It is found in eastern Nigeria, western and southwestern Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, western Gabon, western Republic of the Congo, and western Democratic Republic of the Congo. Its range could extend into the Cabinda Enclave of Angola.

text:
# Scotobleps

***Scotobleps*** is a monotypic frog genus in the family Arthroleptidae; its sole species is ***Scotobleps gabonicus***, sometimes known as the **Gaboon forest frog** or **Gabon forest frog**. It is found in eastern Nigeria, western and southwestern Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, western Gabon, western Republic of the Congo, and western Democratic Republic of the Congo. Its range could extend into the Cabinda Enclave of Angola.

## Description

Males grow to 52 mm (2.0 in) and females to 70 mm (2.8 in) in snout–vent length. The syntype(s) measured 57 mm (2.2 in) in snout–vent length. The head is rather large, as long as broad. The snout is obtusely pointed with a feeble canthus rostralis. The eyes are large. The fingers and toes are moderately elongated, with slightly swollen tips and very strong subarticular tubercles. The toes are half-webbed. Skin is smooth or with small flat warts on the back. The dorsum is olive-brown with small, blackish spots. There is a dark cross-band between the eyes and the upper lip has blackish vertical bars; the one below the anterior third of the eye is extending onto the lower lip. Limbs have dark cross-bars. The venter is white.

## Habitat and conservation

*Scotobleps gabonicus* is a common species at low altitudes, living in lowland rainforests, including secondary forests. Breeding takes place in flowing water, preferably in wide, shallow streams with sandy banks but also in torrents. Loss of its forest habitat is causing population declines.

## InfoBox

| *Scotobleps* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Arthroleptidae |
| Genus: | *Scotobleps*
Boulenger, 1900 |
| Species: | ***S. gabonicus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Scotobleps gabonicus***
Boulenger, 1900 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Astylosternus gabonicus* (Boulenger, 1900)
*Astylosternus oxyrhynchus* Nieden, 1908
*Scotobleps camerunensis* Ahl, 1927 "1925" | |


title: Scudderia curvicauda

abstract: Scudderia curvicauda is a species in the family Tettigoniidae ("katydids"), in the order Orthoptera. A common name for Scudderia curvicauda is "curve-tailed bush katydid". Scudderia curvicauda is found in North America.

text:
# Scudderia curvicauda

***Scudderia curvicauda*** is a species in the family Tettigoniidae ("katydids"), in the order Orthoptera ("grasshoppers, crickets, katydids"). A common name for *Scudderia curvicauda* is "**curve-tailed bush katydid**". *Scudderia curvicauda* is found in North America.

## Further reading

* Ross H. Arnett (30 July 2000). *American Insects: A Handbook of the Insects of America North of Mexico*. CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0212-1.
* Field Guide To Grasshoppers, Katydids, And Crickets Of The United States, Capinera, Scott, Walker. 2004. Cornell University Press.
* Otte, Daniel (1997). Tettigonioidea. *Orthoptera Species File 7*, 373.

## InfoBox

| *Scudderia curvicauda* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Orthoptera |
| Suborder: | Ensifera |
| Family: | Tettigoniidae |
| Subfamily: | Phaneropterinae |
| Genus: | *Scudderia* |
| Species: | ***S. curvicauda*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Scudderia curvicauda***<br>(De Geer, 1773) | |
|


title: Scopula puncticosta

abstract: Scopula puncticosta is a moth of the family Geometridae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1869. It is endemic to Colombia.

text:
# Scopula puncticosta

***Scopula puncticosta*** is a moth of the family Geometridae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1869. It is endemic to Colombia.

## InfoBox

| *Scopula puncticosta* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Geometridae |
| Genus: | *Scopula* |
| Species: | ***S. puncticosta*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Scopula puncticosta***<br>(Walker, 1869) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Acidalia puncticosta* Walker, 1869 | |


title: Scrinium furtivum

abstract: Scrinium furtivum is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mitromorphidae.

text:
# Scrinium furtivum

***Scrinium furtivum*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mitromorphidae.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 7.5 mm, with a diameter of 3 mm.

(Original description) The small, very solid shell is ovate-oblong and rounded at either end. It contains six whorls, two forming the low protoconch, convex, and slightly constricted below the deeply impressed suture. Its color is vinaceous-buff, sometimes with a white zone of its own breadth below the suture, and half a dozen evenly spaced narrow white lines on the remainder of the whorl. The color of the columella is terra-cotta, and the aperture is orange-cinnamon with a buff zone.

Sculpture: In general, the shell is smooth. On the upper whorls, about ten low nodular ribs are scarcely distinguishable. The lines of growth are marked by numerous irregular scratches. A few evanescent spiral grooves may or may not appear on the body whorl. The aperture is wide and smooth within. The outer lip is simple. The sinus is represented by an arch at the summit. The inner lip has a thin callus, which at the basal axis meets at an acute angle with a thicker callus that rises to form a reflected border to the short and very broad siphonal canal. The columella is vertical, flattened, and slightly twisted.

## Distribution

This marine species is endemic to Australia and occurs off the coasts of New South Wales and Victoria.

* Laseron, C. 1954. *Revision of the New South Wales Turridae (Mollusca).* Australian Zoological Handbook. Sydney : Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales pp. 56, pls 1–12.
* Powell, A.W.B. 1966. *The molluscan families Speightiidae and Turridae, an evaluation of the valid taxa, both Recent and fossil, with list of characteristic species*. Bulletin of the Auckland Institute and Museum. Auckland, New Zealand 5: 1–184, pls 1–23
* Tucker, J.K. (2004). "Catalog of recent and fossil turrids (Mollusca: Gastropoda)" (PDF). *Zootaxa*. **682**: 1–1295. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.682.1.1.

## InfoBox

| *Scrinium furtivum* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Original image of a shell of *Scrinium furtivum* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Superfamily: | Conoidea |
| Family: | Mitromorphidae |
| Genus: | *Scrinium* |
| Species: | ***S. furtivum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Scrinium furtivum***<br>Hedley, 1922 | |
|


title: Sri Lanka at the Lusofonia Games

text:
# Sri Lanka at the Lusofonia Games

Sri Lanka has competed in the first three editions of the Lusophone Games.

Overall performance of Sri Lanka in the Lusophone Games.

## Medal table by sports

| Pos | Sport |  |  |  | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Athletics | 4 | 2 | 4 | 10 |
| 2 | Taekwondo | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
|  | Total | **4** | **2** | **5** | **11** |


title: Winter Child

abstract: Winter Child is the first studio album of American singer-songwriter Matt Duke. It was released by the student-run record label Mad Dragon in the US on September 12, 2006, and distributed by Ryko Distribution.

text:
# Winter Child

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic |  |

***Winter Child*** is the first studio album of American singer-songwriter Matt Duke. It was released by the student-run record label Mad Dragon in the US on September 12, 2006, and distributed by Ryko Distribution.

## History

After the production of Mad Dragon's first compilation album, *XYX*, which featured Duke, Mad Dragon asked Duke sign a deal to produce a full-length album. Production for the album began thereafter and continued for the next year and a half. The original producer of the album was Jim Klein, a professor and director of the Mad Dragon program, but disagreements during production lead Duke to switch production to Stewart Lerman and Steuart Smith at the Shinebox Studio in New York. A student-produced music video was made for the song "Oysters" and the audio CD was released as an enhanced CD that featured an electronic press kit.

## Theme and lyrical content

*Winter Child* uses literary inspirations as a basis for some songs. The title track is a reference to the Ernest Hemingway short story Hills Like White Elephants and the song "Listen To Your Window" takes inspiration from John Banville.

## Track listing

All songs written by Matt Duke.

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Oysters" | 3:57 |
| 2. | "Don't Ask (For Too Much)" | 3:28 |
| 3. | "The Love We'll Never Know" | 2:19 |
| 4. | "Tidal Waves" | 4:05 |
| 5. | "Nausea" | 3:45 |
| 6. | "One Small Bird" | 3:07 |
| 7. | "Listen To Your Window" | 3:15 |
| 8. | "Winter Child" | 3:13 |
| 9. | "Ballroom Dancing" | 3:46 |
| 10. | "Taxidermy and the Skiffle Explosion" | 2:34 |
| 11. | "Yellow Lights" | 4:18 |
| 12. | "To Whom It May Concern" | 5:23 |

## Personnel

### Musicians

* Matt Duke – Vocal, acoustics, electrics, keyboards, percussion, piano
* Steuart Smith – Acoustics, electrics, keyboards, harmonica, percussion, bass, vocals
* Stewart Lerman – Percussion, acoustics
* Steve Holley – Drums, percussion
* Rob Morsberger – String arrangements, keyboards, accordion
* David Mansfield – Violin, viola
* Debbie Assael – Cello
* Andrew Keenan – Pedal steel
* Jim Klein – Piano on "Nausea," producer on "When the Bough Breaks"
* Gretchen Witt – Vocals on "Ballroom Dancing"

### Production

* Stewart Lerman – Production (Tracks 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11), mixer
* Steuart Smith – Production (Tracks 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11)
* Jim Klein – Production (Tracks 2, 5, 10, 12)
* Greg Calbi – Mastering
* Michael Pierce – Artwork concept and design
* Matt Duke – Illustrations
* Stephanie Pistel – Photography

## InfoBox

| Winter Child | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Matt Duke | |
| Released | September 12, 2006 (US) |
| Recorded | 2005–2006 |
| Studio | Drexel University (Philadelphia, PA)
Shinebox (Greenwich Village, NYC) |
| Genre | Alternative Rock, singer-songwriter |
| Length | 43:08 |
| Label | Mad Dragon |
| Producer | Jim Klein, Stewart Lerman, Steuart Smith |
| Matt Duke chronology | |
| *XYX*
(2005) ***Winter Child***
(2006) *Kingdom Underground*
(2008) | |


title: The Jollies

abstract: The Jollies is a 2002 children's play by British playwright Alan Ayckbourn. It is about a young girl, Polly Jollie, where a magic trick gone awry at her brother's birthday party causes her brother, Billy, to age 25 years, and her mother, Jilly, to become 25 years younger. The play is viewed by some as the inspiration for his 2006 adult play If I Were You.

text:
# The Jollies

***The Jollies*** is a 2002 children's play by British playwright Alan Ayckbourn. It is about a young girl, Polly Jollie, where a magic trick gone awry at her brother's birthday party causes her brother, Billy, to age 25 years, and her mother, Jilly, to become 25 years younger. The play is viewed by some as the inspiration for his 2006 adult play *If I Were You*.

## InfoBox

| The Jollies | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Written by | Alan Ayckbourn |
| Characters | Polly
Billy
Jilly
Mr. Magico
Rambo |
| Date premiered | 3 December 2002 |
| Place premiered | Stephen Joseph Theatre, Scarborough |
| Original language | English |
| Subject | Magic |
| Genre | Children's |
| Setting | Billy Jollie's seventh birthday |
| Official site | |
| Ayckbourn chronology | |
| *Snake in the Grass*
2002 *Sugar Daddies*
2003 | |