title: 1977 WTA Tour

abstract: The 1977 WTA Tour consisted of a number of tennis tournaments for female tennis players. It was composed of the newly streamlined version of the Virginia Slims Circuit and the Colgate Series. The year 1977 also saw the creation of the first official ranking system and these rankings were used to determine acceptance into the tournaments.

text:
# 1977 WTA Tour

The **1977 WTA Tour** consisted of a number of tennis tournaments for female tennis players. It was composed of the newly streamlined version of the Virginia Slims Circuit (which was now an 11-week tour of the US) and the Colgate Series. The year 1977 also saw the creation of the first official ranking system and these rankings were used to determine acceptance into the tournaments.

## Schedule

This is a calendar of all events which were part of either the Virginia Slims circuit or the Colgate International Series in the year 1977, with player progression documented from the quarterfinals stage. Also included are the Grand Slam tournaments, the 1977 Virginia Slims Championships, the 1977 Federation Cup and a number of events not affiliated with either tour.

Key

| Grand Slam tournaments |
| --- |
| Virginia Slims/Colgate Series championships |
| Virginia Slims Circuit |
| Colgate International Series |
| Non-tour events |
| Team events |

### November (1976)

| Week | Tournament | Champions | Runners-up | Semifinalists | Quarterfinalists |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 17 Oct | Colgate Inaugural
Palm Springs, United States
Colgate International Series
$175,000 – hard
SinglesDoubles | Chris Evert
6–1, 6–2 | Françoise Dürr | Virginia Wade (3rd)
Terry Holladay (4th) |  |
| | | Chris Evert
Martina Navratilova
6–2, 6–4 | Billie Jean King
Betty Stöve | | |
| 1 Nov | Dewar Cup
London, Great Britain
Colgate International Series
$35,000 – hard
SinglesDoubles | Virginia Wade
6–2, 6–2 | Chris Evert | Rosie Casals
Sue Barker |  |
| | | Betty Stöve
Virginia Wade
6–3, 2–6, 6–3 | Rosie Casals
Chris Evert | | |
| 22 Nov | South African Open
Johannesburg, South Africa
Colgate International Series
$35,000 – hard
SinglesDoubles | Brigitte Cuypers
6–7, 6–4, 6–1 | Laura duPont | Annette du Plooy
Heidi Eisterlehner |  |
| | | Laura duPont
Valerie Ziegenfuss
6–1, 6–4 | Yvonne Vermaak
Elizabeth Vlotman | | |
| 29 Nov | Colgate International Championships
Sydney, Australia
Colgate International Series
$100,000 – grass
SinglesDoubles | Martina Navratilova
7–5, 6–2 | Betty Stöve | Kerry Reid
Dianne Fromholtz | Evonne Goolagong Cawley
Marise Kruger
Sue Barker
Margaret Court |
| | | Martina Navratilova
Betty Stöve
6–3, 7–5 | Françoise Dürr
Ann Kiyomura | | |

### December (1976)

| Week | Tournament | Champions | Runners-up | Semifinalists | Quarterfinalists |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 6 Dec | Toyota Women's Classic
Melbourne, Australia
Colgate International Series
$75,000 – grass
SinglesDoubles | Margaret Court
6–2, 6–2 | Sue Barker | Betty Stöve
Dianne Fromholtz |  |
| | | Margaret Court
Betty Stöve
6–2, 6–4 | Linky Boshoff
Ilana Kloss | | |
| 26 Dec | Marlboro NSW Open
Sydney, Australia
Colgate Series
$35,000 – grass
SinglesDoubles | Kerry Reid
3–6, 6–2, 6–3 | Dianne Fromholtz | Karen Krantzcke
Renáta Tomanová |  |
| | | Helen Gourlay
Betsy Nagelsen
6–4, 6–1 | Dianne Fromholtz
Renáta Tomanová | | |

### January

| Week | Tournament | Champions | Runners-up | Semifinalists | Quarterfinalists |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 3 Jan | Australian Open
Melbourne, Australia
Grand Slam
Grass – 32S/16D
SinglesDoubles | Kerry Reid
7–5, 6–2 | Dianne Fromholtz | Karen Krantzcke
Helen Gourlay | Jan Wilton
Naoko Sato
Mary Sawyer
Katja Ebbinghaus |
| | | Dianne Fromholtz
Helen Gourlay
5–7, 6–1, 7–5 | Betsy Nagelsen
Kerry Reid | | |
| | Virginia Slims of Washington
Washington, United States
Virginia Slims
Carpet (i) – $100,000 – 32S/16D
SinglesDoubles | Martina Navratilova
6–2, 6–3 | Chris Evert | Wendy Turnbull
Virginia Wade | Sue Barker
Beth Norton
Françoise Dürr
Janet Newberry |
| | Martina Navratilova
Betty Stöve
7–5, 6–2 | Kristien Shaw
Valerie Ziegenfuss | | |
| 10 Jan | Virginia Slims of Florida
Hollywood, United States
Virginia Slims
Carpet (i) – $100,000 – 34S/16D
SinglesDoubles | Chris Evert
6–3, 6–4 | Margaret Court | Sue Barker
Virginia Wade | Betty Stöve
Martina Navratilova
JoAnne Russell
Mima Jaušovec |
| | | Martina Navratilova
Betty Stöve
6–4, 3–6, 6–4 | Rosie Casals
Chris Evert | | |
| 17 Jan | Virginia Slims of Houston
Houston, United States
Virginia Slims
Carpet (i) – $100,000 – 32S/13D
SinglesDoubles | Martina Navratilova
7–6(5–3), 7–5 | Sue Barker | Mima Jaušovec
Dianne Fromholtz | Wendy Turnbull
Kristien Shaw
Greer Stevens
Carrie Meyer |
| | | Martina Navratilova
Betty Stöve
4–6, 6–2, 6–1 | Sue Barker
Ann Kiyomura | | |
| 24 Jan | Virginia Slims of Minneapolis
Minneapolis, United States
Virginia Slims
Carpet (i) – $100,000 – 33S/14D
SinglesDoubles | Martina Navratilova
6–0, 6–1 | Sue Barker | Rosie Casals
Olga Morozova | Virginia Wade
Margaret Court
Mima Jaušovec
Natasha Chmyreva |
| | | Rosie Casals
Martina Navratilova
6–2, 6–1 | Mima Jaušovec
Virginia Ruzici | | |
| 31 Jan | Virginia Slims of Seattle
Seattle, United States
Virginia Slims
Carpet (i) – $100,000 – 33S/16D
SinglesDoubles | Chris Evert
6–2, 6–4 | Martina Navratilova | Olga Morozova
Rosie Casals | Kristien Shaw
Dianne Fromholtz
Natasha Chmyreva
Sharon Walsh |
| | | Rosie Casals
Chris Evert
6–4, 3–6, 6–3 | Françoise Dürr
Martina Navratilova | | |

### February

| Week | Tournament | Champions | Runners-up | Semifinalists | Quarterfinalists |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 7 Feb | Virginia Slims of Chicago
Chicago, United States
Virginia Slims
Carpet (i) – $100,000 – 33S/16D
SinglesDoubles | Chris Evert
6–1, 6–3 | Margaret Court | Betty Stöve
Natasha Chmyreva | Kristien Shaw
Brigitte Cuypers
Julie Anthony
Rosie Casals |
| | | Rosie Casals
Chris Evert
6–3, 6–4 | Margaret Court
Betty Stöve | | |
| 14 Feb | Virginia Slims of Los Angeles
Los Angeles, United States
Virginia Slims
Carpet (i) – $100,000 – 34S/15D
SinglesDoubles | Chris Evert
6–2, 2–6, 6–2 | Martina Navratilova | Rosie Casals
Margaret Court | Kerry Reid
Virginia Wade
Terry Holladay
JoAnne Russell |
| | | Rosie Casals
Chris Evert
6–2, 6–4 | Martina Navratilova
Betty Stöve | | |
| 21 Feb | Virginia Slims of Detroit
Detroit, United States
Virginia Slims
Carpet (i) – $100,000 – 32S
SinglesDoubles | Martina Navratilova
6–4, 6–4 | Sue Barker | Virginia Wade
Françoise Dürr | Yvonne Vermaak
Virginia Ruzici
Margaret Court
Sharon Walsh |
| | | Martina Navratilova
Betty Stöve
6–3, 6–4 | Janet Newberry
JoAnne Russell | | |
| 28 Feb | Virginia Slims of San Francisco
San Francisco, United States
Virginia Slims
Carpet (i) – $100,000 – 34S/16D
SinglesDoubles | Sue Barker
6–3, 6–4 | Virginia Wade | Chris Evert
Rosie Casals | Betty Stöve
Mima Jaušovec
Kerry Reid
Françoise Dürr |
| | | Kerry Reid
Greer Stevens
6–3, 6–1 | Sue Barker
Ann Kiyomura | | |

### March

| Week | Tournament | Champions | Runners-up | Semifinalists | Quarterfinalists |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 7 Mar | Virginia Slims of Dallas
Dallas, United States
Virginia Slims
Carpet (i) – $100,000 – 34S/17D
SinglesDoubles | Sue Barker
6–1, 7–6(5–4) | Terry Holladay | Greer Stevens
Virginia Wade | Kathleen Harter
Renáta Tomanová
Kristien Shaw
Betty Stöve |
| | | Martina Navratilova
Betty Stöve
6–2, 6–4 | Kerry Reid
Greer Stevens | | |
| 14 Mar | Virginia Slims of Philadelphia
Philadelphia, United States
Virginia Slims
Carpet (i) – $100,000 – 32S/15D
SinglesDoubles | Chris Evert
6–4, 4–6, 6–3 | Martina Navratilova | Sue Barker
Rosie Casals | Dianne Fromholtz
Kerry Reid
Virginia Wade
Betty Stöve |
| | | Françoise Dürr
Virginia Wade
6–4, 4–6, 6–4 | Martina Navratilova
Betty Stöve | | |
| 24 Mar | Virginia Slims Championships
Los Angeles, United States
Year-end championships
Carpet (i) – $150,000 – 16S (8RR)
SinglesDoubles | Chris Evert
2–6, 6–1, 6–1 | Sue Barker | 3rd:  Martina Navratilova
4th:  Rosie Casals | 5th:  Virginia Wade
6th:  Betty Stöve
7th:  Mima Jaušovec
8th:  Kristien Shaw |
| | | Martina Navratilova
Betty Stöve
7–5, 6–3 | Françoise Dürr
Virginia Wade | | |
| | Lionel Cup
San Antonio, United States
Non-tour event
$20,000 Hard
SinglesDoubles | Billie Jean King
3–6, 6–3, 6–3 | Mary Hamm |  |  |
| | Karen Krantzcke
Kym Ruddell
6–3, 6–0 | Connor
Jane Preyer | | |
| 28 Mar | Family Circle Cup
Hilton Head Island, United States
Colgate Series
Clay – $110,000 – 30S/16D
SinglesDoubles | Chris Evert
6–1, 6–0 | Billie Jean King | Mima Jaušovec
Kerry Reid | Kathy May
Rosie Casals
Tracy Austin
Renáta Tomanová |
| | | Rosie Casals
Chris Evert
6–4, 6–2 | Françoise Dürr
Virginia Wade | | |

### April

| Week | Tournament | Champions | Runners-up | Semifinalists | Quarterfinalists |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 4 Apr | Bridgestone Doubles Championships
Tokyo, Japan
$100,000 – Carpet (i) – 8D
Doubles | Martina Navratilova
Betty Stöve
7–5, 6–3 | Françoise Dürr
Virginia Wade | Casals /  King
Jaušovec /  Ruzici | Newberry /  Russell
Kemmer /  Ziegenfuss
Barker /  Kiyomura
Holladay /  May |
| 12 Apr | L'Eggs World Series
Austin, United States
Non-tour event
– hard – 32S/8D
SinglesDoubles | Chris Evert
6–3, 7–6(5–2) | Martina Navratilova | Sue Barker
Virginia Wade |  |

### May

| Week | Tournament | Champions | Runners-up | Semifinalists | Quarterfinalists |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 9 May | German Open
Hamburg, West Germany
Colgate Series
$35,000 – clay
SinglesDoubles | Laura duPont
6–1, 6–4 | Heidi Eisterlehner | Katja Ebbinghaus
Regina Maršíková |  |
| | | Linky Boshoff
Ilana Kloss
2–6, 6–4, 7–5 | Regina Maršíková
Renáta Tomanová | | |
| 16 May | Italian Open
Rome, Italy
Colgate Series
$35,000 – clay
SinglesDoubles | Janet Newberry
6–3, 7–6(7–5) | Renáta Tomanová | Marie Pinterová
Laura duPont | Mima Jaušovec
Iris Riedel
Pam Teeguarden
Mary Struthers |
| | | Brigitte Cuypers
Marise Kruger
6–3, 5–7, 2–6 | Bunny Bruning
Sharon Walsh | | |
| 23 May
30 May | French Open
Paris, France
Grand Slam
Clay (red) – 64S/64Q/22D/24X
SinglesDoublesMixed doubles | Mima Jaušovec
6–2, 6–7(5–7), 6–1 | Florența Mihai | Regina Maršíková
Janet Newberry | Pam Teeguarden
Renáta Tomanová
Linky Boshoff
Kathy May |
| | | Regina Maršíková
Pam Teeguarden
5–7, 6–4, 6–2 | Rayni Fox
Helen Gourlay Cawley | | |
| | | Mary Carillo
John McEnroe
7–6, 6–3 | Florența Mihai
Iván Molina | | |

### June

| Week | Tournament | Champions | Runners-up | Semifinalists | Quarterfinalists |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 6 Jun | Robertson's Cup
Beckenham, Great Britain
Non-tour event
Grass
SinglesDoubles | Yvonne Vermaak
6–4, 5–7, 6–1 | Michelle Tyler | Mimi Wikstedt
Jo Durie | Jane Stratton
Bunny Bruning
Nerida Gregory
Maria Bueno |
| | | Jane Stratton
Mimi Wikstedt
6–3, 6–0 | Bunny Bruning
Sharon Walsh | | |
| | McIntosh Scottish Championships
Edinburgh, Great Britain
Non-tour event
Grass
SinglesDoubles | Martina Navratilova
2–6, 9–8(7–4), 7–5 | Kristien Shaw | Lesley Hunt
Julie Anthony |  |
| | Julie Anthony
Betsy Nagelsen
6–1, 3–6, 6–1 | Carrie Meyer
Renáta Tomanová | | |
| 13 Jun | Federation Cup
Eastbourne, Great Britain
Federation Cup
Grass – 32 teams knockout | United States
2–1 | Australia | South Africa
Great Britain | France
Netherlands
Sweden
West Germany |
| 20 Jun
27 Jun | Wimbledon Championships
London, Great Britain
Grand Slam
Grass – 96S/48D/64X
SinglesDoublesMixed doubles | Virginia Wade
4–6, 6–3, 6–1 | Betty Stöve | Chris Evert
Sue Barker | Billie Jean King
Rosie Casals
Kerry Reid
Martina Navratilova |
| | | Helen Gourlay Cawley
JoAnne Russell
6–3, 6–3 | Martina Navratilova
Betty Stöve | | |
| | | Greer Stevens
Bob Hewitt
3–6, 7–5, 6–4 | Betty Stöve
Frew McMillan | | |

### July

| Week | Tournament | Champions | Runners-up | Semifinalists | Quarterfinalists |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 4 Jul | Swiss Open
Gstaad, Switzerland
Non-tour event
Clay
SinglesDoubles | Lesley Hunt
4–6, 7–5, 6–1 | Helen Gourlay Cawley |  |  |
| | | Helen Gourlay Cawley
Rayni Fox
6–0, 6–4 | Mary Carillo
Lesley Hunt | | |
| | Swedish Open
Båstad, Sweden
Non-tour event
Clay
SinglesDoubles | Florența Mihai
6–4, 6–4 | Mary Struthers |  |  |
| | Cynthia Doerner
Raquel Giscafré
6–2, 7–5 | Helena Anliot
Florența Mihai | | |
| 11 Jul | Colgate Trophy
Kitzbühel, Austria
Non-tour event
Clay
SinglesDoubles | Renáta Tomanová
6–3, 7–5 | Katja Ebbinghaus |  |  |
| | | Helen Gourlay Cawley
Rayni Fox
6–1, 6–4 | Lesley Charles
Jackie Fayter | | |

### August

| Week | Tournament | Champions | Runners-up | Semifinalists | Quarterfinalists |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 8 Aug | US Clay Court Championships
Indianapolis, United States
Colgate Series
$35,000 – clay
SinglesDoubles | Laura duPont
6–4, 6–3 | Nancy Richey | Cynthia Doerner
Iris Riedel |  |
| | | Linky Boshoff
Ilana Kloss
5–7, 7–5, 6–3 | Mary Carillo
Wendy Overton | | |
| 15 Aug | Rothmans Canadian Open
Toronto, Canada
Colgate Series
$35,000 – clay
SinglesDoubles | Regina Maršíková
6–4, 4–6, 6–2 | Marise Kruger | Cynthia Doerner
Jeanne Evert |  |
| | | Linky Boshoff
Ilana Kloss
6–2, 6–3 | Rosie Casals
Evonne Goolagong Cawley | | |
| 22 Aug | Ivey's Pepsi Tennis Classic
Charlotte, United States
Colgate Series
$50,000 – clay
SinglesDoubles | Martina Navratilova
3–6, 6–2, 6–2 | Mima Jaušovec | JoAnne Russell
Regina Maršíková | Tracy Austin
Brigitte Cuypers
Katja Ebbinghaus
Kate Latham |
| | | Martina Navratilova
Betty Stöve
6–3, 6–4 | Regina Maršíková
Pam Teeguarden | | |
| 29 Aug
5 Sep | US Open
New York City, United States
Grand Slam
$250,000 – Clay – 64S/32D/32X
SinglesDoublesMixed doubles | Chris Evert
7–6(7–3), 6–2 | Wendy Turnbull | Betty Stöve
Martina Navratilova | Billie Jean King
Tracy Austin
Virginia Wade
Mima Jaušovec |
| | | Martina Navratilova
Betty Stöve
6–1, 7–6(7–4) | Renée Richards
Betty-Ann Stuart | | |
| | | Betty Stöve
Frew McMillan
6–2, 3–6, 6–3 | Billie Jean King
Vitas Gerulaitis | | |

### September

| Week | Tournament | Champions | Runners-up | Semifinalists | Quarterfinalists |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 12 Sep | Toray Sillook Open
Osaka & Tokyo, Japan
Colgate Series
$100,000 – carpet (i)
Singles | Virginia Wade
7–5, 5–7, 6–4 | Martina Navratilova | Wendy Turnbull
Sue Barker | Mima Jaušovec
Terry Holladay
Julie Anthony
Michelle Tyler |
| 19 Sep | World Invitational Tennis Classic
Hilton Head Island, United States
Non-tour event
Clay
Draw | Virginia Wade
6–3, 6–7, 6–3 | Evonne Goolagong Cawley |  |  |
| | | Evonne Goolagong Cawley
Kerry Reid
6–2, 3–6, 6–4 | Dianne Fromholtz
Virginia Wade | | |
| 26 Sep | Florida Federal Open
Palm Harbor, United States
Colgate Series
$35,000 – hard
SinglesDoubles | Virginia Ruzici
6–4, 4–6, 6–2 | Laura duPont | Marise Kruger
Mona Guerrant |  |
| | | Linky Boshoff
Ilana Kloss
6–7, 6–2, 6–2 | Brigitte Cuypers
Marise Kruger | | |

### October

| Week | Tournament | Champions | Runners-up | Semifinalists | Quarterfinalists |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 3 Oct | Wyler's Classic
Atlanta, United States
Colgate Series
$75,000 – carpet (i)
SinglesDoubles | Chris Evert
6–3, 6–2 | Dianne Fromholtz | Virginia Wade
Billie Jean King | Ann Kiyomura
Kerry Reid
Betty Stöve
Martina Navratilova |
| | | Martina Navratilova
Betty Stöve
6–4, 6–2 | Brigitte Cuypers
Marise Kruger | | |
| 10 Oct | Thunderbird Classic
Phoenix, United States
Colgate Series
$75,000 – hard
SinglesDoubles | Billie Jean King
1–6, 6–1, 6–0 | Wendy Turnbull | Betty Stöve
Martina Navratilova | Renée Richards
Dianne Fromholtz
Rosie Casals
Tracy Austin |
| | | Billie Jean King
Martina Navratilova
6–0, 7–5 | Helen Gourlay Cawley
JoAnne Russell | | |
| 17 Oct | Colgate Brazil Open
São Paulo, Brazil
Colgate Series
$75,000 – hard
SinglesDoubles | Billie Jean King
6–1, 6–4 | Betty Stöve | Dianne Fromholtz
Kerry Reid | Martina Navratilova
Betsy Nagelsen
Rosie Casals
Sharon Walsh |
| | | Kerry Reid
Wendy Turnbull
6–3, 5–7, 6–2 | Martina Navratilova
Betty Stöve | | |
| 24 Oct | Borniquen Classic
San Juan, Puerto Rico
Colgate Series
$75,000 – hard
SinglesDoubles | Billie Jean King
6–1, 6–3 | Janet Newberry | JoAnne Russell
Betty Stöve | Wendy Turnbull
Rosie Casals
Virginia Ruzici
Terry Holladay |
| | | Rosie Casals
Billie Jean King
4–6, 6–2, 6–3 | Linky Boshoff
Ilana Kloss | | |
| 31 Oct | Colgate Series Championships
Palm Springs, United States
Colgate Series championships
$250,000 – hard
SinglesDoubles | Chris Evert
6–2, 6–2 | Billie Jean King | Virginia Wade (3rd)
Kerry Reid (4th) | Round robin
Dianne Fromholtz
Martina Navratilova
Wendy Turnbull
Betty Stöve |
| | | Françoise Dürr
Virginia Wade
6–1, 4–6, 6–4 | Helen Gourlay Cawley
JoAnne Russell | | |

### November

| Week | Tournament | Champions | Runners-up | Semifinalists | Quarterfinalists |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 7 Nov | Wightman Cup
Williamsburg, United States
Hard (i)
Team event
 | United States
7–0 | Great Britain |  |  |
| 21 Nov | Gunze Invitational
Tokyo, Japan
Non-tour event
Hard (i) | Billie Jean King
7–5, 5–7, 6–1 | Martina Navratilova | Françoise Dürr
Rosie Casals | Wendy Overton
Kristien Shaw
Terry Holladay
Mimmi Wikstedt |

## Rankings

Below are the 1977 WTA year-end rankings (December 31, 1977) in both singles and doubles competition:

| Singles Year-end Ranking | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|
| **No** | **Player Name** | **Points** | **1976** | **Change** |
| 1 | Chris Evert (USA) | 17.612 | 1 | = |
| 2 | Billie Jean King (USA) | 12.244 | NR | NR |
| 3 | Martina Navratilova (USA) | 11.881 | 4 | +1 |
| 4 | Virginia Wade (GBR) | 10.185 | 3 | -1 |
| 5 | Sue Barker (GBR) | 9.515 | 10 | +5 |
| 6 | Rosie Casals (USA) | 7.693 | 6 | = |
| 7 | Betty Stöve (NED) | 6.617 | 7 | = |
| 8 | Dianne Fromholtz (AUS) | 6.462 | 5 | -3 |
| 9 | Wendy Turnbull (AUS) | 6.326 | 30 | +21 |
| 10 | Kerry Melville (AUS) | 6.061 | 8 | -2 |
| 11 | Mima Jaušovec (YUG) | 5.738 | 11 | = |
| 12 | Tracy Austin (USA) | 5.065 | NR | NR |
| 13 | Greer Stevens (RSA) | 4.989 | 17 | +4 |
| 14 | Terry Holladay (USA) | 4.313 | 13 | -1 |
| 15 | JoAnne Russell (USA) | 4.244 | 18 | +3 |
| 16 | Virginia Ruzici (ROU) | 3.951 | 26 | +10 |
| 17 | Kristien Shaw (USA) | 3.875 | 32 | +15 |
| 18 | Janet Newberry (USA) | 3.813 | 28 | +10 |
| 19 | Katja Ebbinghaus (FRG) | 3.759 | NR | NR |
| 20 | Regina Maršíková (TCH) | 3.700 | +3 | 23 |
|

## InfoBox

1977 WTA Tour
| Chris Evert finished the year as world No. 1 for the third time in her career. She won twelve singles tournaments during the season, including a major at the US Open, as well as the Virginia Slims Championships. | |
| --- | --- |
| Details | |
| Duration | 17 October 1976 – 28 November 1977 |
| Edition | 5th |
| Tournaments | 49 |
| Categories | Grand Slam (4)
WTA championships (3)
Virginia Slims Circuit (11)
Colgate International Series (18)
Non-tour events (11) |
| Achievements (singles) | |
| Most tournament titles | Chris Evert (12) |
| Most tournament finals | Chris Evert (14) |
| Prize money leader | Chris Evert ($503,134) |
| Points leader | Chris Evert (17.612) |
| Awards | |
| Player of the year | Virginia Wade |
| Doubles team of the year | Martina Navratilova
Betty Stöve |
| Most improved
player of the year | Wendy Turnbull |
| Newcomer of the year | Tracy Austin |
| 1976 1978 | |


title: Tierra madre

abstract: Tierra madre is a 2010 film made in Tecate and Tijuana, Mexico. It was directed by Dylan Verrechia, and co-written by Aidee Gonzalez based on her real life, with original music by Nortec Collective and Paco Mendoza. The movie has been screened at over 25 film festivals and won the Jury Award for Best Feature Film at Reeling: The Chicago LGBTQ+ International Film Festival, the Jury Honorable Mention for Best Mexican Feature Film at Morelia International Film Festival, the Diversity Award for Best Feature Film at the Barcelona Gay and Lesbian International Film, the Outstanding Achievement in Foreign Feature Award at Williamsburg International Film Festival, the Cinesul Award for Best Feature Film at Cinesul Ibero-Americano Film Festival, the Golden Palm at Mexico International Film Festival, the Honorary Mention at New Jersey Film Festival, and the Silver Lei for Excellence in Filmmaking at the Honolulu International Film Festival.

text:
# Tierra madre

***Tierra madre*** ("Mother Earth") is a 2010 film made in Tecate and Tijuana, Mexico. It was directed by Dylan Verrechia, and co-written by Aidee Gonzalez based on her real life, with original music by Nortec Collective and Paco Mendoza.

The movie has been screened at over 25 film festivals and won the Jury Award for Best Feature Film at Reeling: The Chicago LGBTQ+ International Film Festival, the Jury Honorable Mention for Best Mexican Feature Film at Morelia International Film Festival, the Diversity Award for Best Feature Film at the Barcelona Gay and Lesbian International Film, the Outstanding Achievement in Foreign Feature Award at Williamsburg International Film Festival, the Cinesul Award for Best Feature Film at Cinesul Ibero-Americano Film Festival, the Golden Palm at Mexico International Film Festival, the Honorary Mention at New Jersey Film Festival, and the Silver Lei for Excellence in Filmmaking at the Honolulu International Film Festival.

## Synopsis

*Tierra madre* is based on Aidee Gonzalez's true life, a woman living on the Mexican border towns of Tecate and Tijuana, determined to raise her children with her female partner. This narrative feature makes the strong case of the strength, the independence and the solidarity that exits among women of all ages.

## Screenings

The film was screened in various festivals.

## Reception

*TV Guide* described the film as follows: "One woman's struggle to find happiness under trying circumstances sets the stage for this drama from Mexican filmmaker Dylan Verrechia"

1. "Morelia Film Festival: A dancer in Tijuana tells her own tale". *Los Angeles Times*. 2010-10-19. Retrieved 2024-05-06.
2. Young, James. "'Marimbas' wins best pic at Morelia". Retrieved 2015-08-18.
3. "2011: el cine mexicano que viene - CorreCamara.com.mx". *www.correcamara.com.mx*. Retrieved 2024-05-06.
4. "Tierra Madre Event". *The New Theatre*. Retrieved 2024-05-06.
5. Taunton, Susan (2011-02-01). "Bye Bi Love / Tierra Madre » Lesbian Looks Film Series". *Lesbian Looks Film Series*. Retrieved 2024-05-06.
6. "Vivir Morelia: El discreto encanto de festivalear - CorreCamara.com.mx". *www.correcamara.com.mx*. Retrieved 2024-05-06.
7. "Closing ceremony of the 8th FICM | Morelia International Film Festival". 2011-07-16. Archived from the original on 2011-07-16. Retrieved 2024-05-06.
8. "Tierra madre". *TVGuide.com*. Retrieved 2024-05-06.

## InfoBox

| Tierra madre | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Dylan Verrechia |
| Written by | Dylan Verrechia |
| Produced by | Dylan Verrechia |
| Starring | Aidee Gonzalez
Rosalba Valenzuela
Yesenia Espinoza |
| Music by | Nortec Collective |
| Distributed by | Verrechia Films |
| Release date |  |
| Running time | 62 minutes |
| Country | Mexico |
| Language | Spanish |


title: Oxford Records

abstract: Oxford Records was a record label active in the United States of America from roughly 1906 until 1916. The label was produced for Sears by several labels, including Columbia and Albany Indestructible Cylinders for cylinders and Leeds & Catlin, Zon-O-Phone, and Columbia for discs. No recording activity was undertaken by Sears. All discs were single-sided.

text:
# Oxford Records

**Oxford Records** was a record label active in the United States of America from roughly 1906 until 1916. The label was produced for Sears by several labels, including Columbia and Albany Indestructible Cylinders for cylinders and Leeds & Catlin, Zon-O-Phone, and Columbia for discs. No recording activity was undertaken by Sears. All discs were single-sided.

## History

In 1906, Sears introduced the Oxford disc to replace the earlier Harvard brand. These discs in the 11000 and 16000 series, were produced by Leeds & Catlin. The 1908 Sears catalog introduced 7-inch discs listed at 21 cents that were pressed by Columbia and numbered in the 7000 series. In 1909 10-inch discs from Zonophone, retailing at 30 cents, were introduced. Fall 1911 saw Sears return to Columbia for pressings. These later discs are the most commonly found. The brand was phased out in 1916 for the new Silvertone brand, although records with the Oxford label were still being shipped in late 1917. Recordings appearing on the Oxford label could be recorded anywhere from 1901 to 1916. The take number is important to dating the recording, particularly for Columbia pressings. Cal Stewart's "I'm Old But I'm Awfully Tough" (Oxford 22) first appeared on Columbia in 1901, but the issued take number of was probably recorded much later.

## Repertoire

Oxford discs contain the same material as released by the producing company. For the most part the titles released were popular items that were deemed likely to sell over a long period of time. A few sides from Columbia's ethnic matrix series were also released. Artists are usually generic (i.e. "band", "banjo solo" "baritone") for the earlier pressings. These were the studio ensembles of the recording company and musicians commonly used by all record companies of the time such as Vess Ossman and Arthur Collins. Later Columbia pressings often gave artist credit when such artist was not under exclusive contract to Columbia at the time.

## Notable artists appearing on Oxford

## InfoBox

| Oxford Records | |
| --- | --- |
| Oxford label c. 1908 from Zonophone | |
| Founded | 1906 (1906) |
| Defunct | 1916 (1916) |
| Status | Defunct |
| Genre | Jazz, ragtime, pop |
| Country of origin | United States |


title: Norcliffe Chapel

abstract: Norcliffe Chapel is in the village of Styal, Cheshire, England. It is a Unitarian chapel, and is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building. The chapel was built in 1822–23 by a mill owner for his workers, and was extended by his son in 1867. Further additions were made in 1906. The chapel is built in brick, and is in Gothic Revival style. Since 1977 it has been in the ownership of the National Trust, but continues to function as an active Unitarian chapel.

text:
# Norcliffe Chapel

**Norcliffe Chapel** is in the village of Styal, Cheshire, England. It is a Unitarian chapel, and is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building. The chapel was built in 1822–23 by a mill owner for his workers, and was extended by his son in 1867. Further additions were made in 1906. The chapel is built in brick, and is in Gothic Revival style. Since 1977 it has been in the ownership of the National Trust, but continues to function as an active Unitarian chapel.

## History

The chapel was built at a cost of nearly £308 in 1822–23 (equivalent to £35,452 in 2023). It was paid for by Samuel Greg, the founder and owner of Quarry Bank Mill, and was for the use of his workers. Greg was a Unitarian but many of his workers were Baptists. The chapel originally served the latter denomination, but since 1833 it has been Unitarian. The chapel was a simple structure with a rectangular plan, rectangular windows, a flat roof, and a small belfry. It also had a full-sized baptismal pool. The chapel had no chancel or porch. Samuel Greg died in 1834, and ownership of the chapel passed to his son, Robert Hyde Greg, who was also a Unitarian. In 1867 he commissioned improvements to the chapel. A chancel, a porch, buttresses, and a plinth were added, the door was moved, the flat roof was replaced by a pitched roof, Gothic-style windows containing stained glass were inserted, and a larger bellcote was built. The improvements cost £1,000.

Robert Hyde Greg died in 1878, and in the following year a trust was set up to administer the chapel. In 1906 a council room and a vestry were added, which were designed by Thomas Worthington. The chapel continued to be administrated by the trust, but by 1977 the Styal estate, other than the chapel, was owned by the National Trust. The chapel was in need of repairs that could not be afforded by the chapel trust, and its ownership passed to the National Trust. The chapel continues in use as an active Unitarian chapel.

## Architecture

Norcliffe Chapel is built in brick on a stone plinth with stone dressings, and has a roof of Kerridge stone-slate with a stone ridge. It consists of a five-bay nave, a three-bay chancel, a southeast porch and a council (or club) room to the north. The bays are divided by buttresses, and each bay contains a pair of lancet windows in a rectangular surround. The east window has three lights, with a rose window in its apex. The porch is timber-framed, open and gabled. On the ridge of the nave is a square open bellcote with a pyramidal roof. Inside the church are memorials to the Greg family. There is also a font that was designed by Henry Russell Greg. The pipe organ was installed in 1884, and made by Foster and Andrews of Hull at a cost of £272. It has two manuals, a pedal keyboard, and 13 stops. The chapel was designated as a Grade II listed building on 6 June 1984.

1. *History*, Unitarian and Free Christian Chapel, retrieved 16 July 2014
2. Hartwell, Clare; Hyde, Matthew; Hubbard, Edward; Pevsner, Nikolaus (2011) \[1971\], *Cheshire*, The Buildings of England, New Haven and London: Yale University Press, p. 615, ISBN 978-0-300-17043-6
3. Historic England, "Norcliffe Chapel (1222255)", *National Heritage List for England*, retrieved 16 July 2014
4. "Cheshire Styal, Norcliffe Chapel \[R01278\]", *National Pipe Organ Register*, British Institute of Organ Studies, retrieved 16 July 2014
5. *Listed Buildings*, Historic England, retrieved 3 April 2015

## InfoBox

| Norcliffe Chapel | |
| --- | --- |
| Norcliffe Chapel | |
| Norcliffe ChapelLocation in Cheshire | |
| 53°20′52″N 2°15′00″W / 53.3477°N 2.2501°W / 53.3477; -2.2501 | |
| OS grid reference | SJ 835 835 |
| Location | Styal, Cheshire |
| Country | England |
| Denomination | Unitarian |
| Website | Norcliffe Chapel |
| History | |
| Founded | 1822 (1822) |
| Founder(s) | Samuel Greg |
| Architecture | |
| Functional status | Active |
| Heritage designation | Grade II |
| Designated | 6 July 1984 |
| Architectural type | Chapel |
| Style | Gothic Revival |
| Groundbreaking | 1822 |
| Completed | 1906 |
| Specifications | |
| Materials | Brick with stone dressings<br>Kerridge stone-slate roof |
| Clergy | |
| Minister(s) | Revd Alex Bradley |


# Opinion polling for the 2004 Democratic Party presidential primaries

Various opinion polls took place ahead of the 2004 Democratic Party presidential primaries.

## Iowa

| Candidate | 6 December 2002 | 29 January 2003 | 20 June 2003 | 26 July 2003 | 22 September 2003 | 23 September 2003 | 1 October 2003 | 8 October 2003 | 21 October 2003 | 18 November 2003 | 2 December 2003 | 6 January 2004 | 7 January 2004 | 13 January 2004 | 15 January 2004 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| John Kerry | 18% | 24% | 15% | 14% | 20% | 13% | 17% | 16% | 9% | 15% | 9% | 15% | 18% | 21% | 26% |
| Wesley Clark | - | - | - | - | 7% | 6% | 7% | 6% | 7% | 3% | 4% | 2% | 4% | 2% | 2% |
| Howard Dean | 1% | 8% | 15% | 23% | 21% | 17% | 23% | 26% | 21% | 29% | 26% | 23% | 30% | 22% | 20% |
| John Edwards | 4% | 9% | 5% | 5% | 10% | 7% | 6% | 8% | 7% | 8% | 5% | 9% | 11% | 18% | 23% |
| Joe Lieberman | 16% | 13% | 11% | 10% | 6% | 4% | 3% | 2% | 5% | 1% | 2% | 1% | 2% | 1% | 1% |
| Dick Gephardt | 26% | 23% | 25% | 21% | 18% | 24% | 20% | 27% | 22% | 21% | 22% | 18% | 23% | 18% | 18% |
| Dennis Kucinich | - | - | 3% | 4% | 1% | 2% | 2% | 2% | 1% | 2% | 2% | 4% | 3% | 5% | 3% |
| Al Sharpton | - | 2% | - | - | - | 1% | - | - | - | - | - | 1% | - | - | 1% |
| Carol Moseley Braun | - | - | 1% | 1% | 1% | 1% | - | 2% | 1% | - | 1% | 2% | - | - | 1% |
|

Source: Arizona - 2004 Presidential Polls

## New Hampshire

Primary polling taken by American Research Group during the last few days of campaigning ( January 23 to January 27, 2004 ) showed that former New Hampshire poll leader as well as national leader Howard Dean was steadily gaining ground on Kerry.

| Candidate | January 23 to 25 poll tracking | January 24 to 26 poll tracking |
| --- | --- | --- |
| John Kerry | 38% | 35% |
| Howard Dean | 20% | 25% |
| John Edwards | 16% | 15% |
| Wesley Clark | 15% | 13% |
| Joe Lieberman | 5% | 6% |
|

**Gathered from ARG's 2004 NH Democratic Tracking Poll**

*Margin of Error +/- 4*

Tracking polling showed that Dean had been catching up to Kerry in the days before the primary, cutting Kerry's 18 point lead to 10 points in a matter of days. With Dean dropping and Kerry rising, it became apparent that the battle for 1st place in New Hampshire would be close. Also, for third place, Wesley Clark, John Edwards and Joe Lieberman were the only ones fighting for third. With Clark and Edwards both taking hits going into the primary, a Lieberman on the rise, the fight for 1st place and third place, according to polls would be intense.

## Missouri

| Candidate | 22 January 2004 | 29 January 2004 | 29 January 2004 | 1 February 2004 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| John Kerry | 25% | 37% | 44% | 56% |
| John Edwards | 9% | 11% | 14% | 17% |
| Howard Dean | 6% | 7% | 9% | 9% |
| Wesley Clark | 3% | 6% | 5% | 6% |
| Al Sharpton | 1% | 2% | 2% | 4% |
| Joe Lieberman | 2% | 6% | 5% | 3% |
| Dennis Kucinich | 1% | - | 1% | - |
| Dick Gephardt | 3% | - | 1% | - |
|

Source: Missouri - 2004 Presidential Polls

## Delaware

| Candidate | 29 January 2004 |
| --- | --- |
| John Kerry | 27% |
| Joe Lieberman | 16% |
| Howard Dean | 14% |
| John Edwards | 9% |
| Wesley Clark | 8% |
| Dennis Kucinich | 1% |
| Al Sharpton | 1% |
|

Source: Delaware - 2004 Presidential Polls

## Arizona

| Candidate | 22 December 2003 | 9 January 2004 | 24 January 2004 | 29 January 2004 | 1 February 2004 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| John Kerry | 6% | 3% | 24% | 29% | 42% |
| Wesley Clark | 15% | 34% | 21% | 22% | 28% |
| Howard Dean | 26% | 27% | 10% | 13% | 15% |
| John Edwards | 1% | 3% | 15% | 8% | 7% |
| Joe Lieberman | 9% | 6% | 7% | 3% | 6% |
| Dick Gephardt | - | 6% | - | - | - |
| Dennis Kucinich | 1% | - | - | 2% | 1% |
| Al Sharpton | - | - | - | 1% | - |
| Carol Moseley Braun | - | 1% | - | - | - |
|

Source: Arizona - 2004 Presidential Polls


title: Marcel Odenbach

abstract: Marcel Odenbach is a German video artist. In the 1970s, with Ulrike Rosenbach and Klaus vom Bruch, he formed the producer group ATV. Odenbach's works criticize the conditions of German society.

text:
# Marcel Odenbach

**Marcel Odenbach** is a German video artist. In the 1970s, with Ulrike Rosenbach and Klaus vom Bruch, he formed the producer group ATV. Odenbach's works criticize the conditions of German society.

## Life and work

Odenbach was born in 1953 in Cologne, Germany, where he studied architecture, art history and semiotics between 1974–79. In the late 1970s, he started using video work, tapes, installations, performances and drawings to probe the cultural identity of his native Germany. His ambivalence to cultural history shows in works such as "Make a Fist in the Pocket", a German expression for hiding one's rage.

Odenbach was a professor of media art at the Karlsruhe University of Arts and Design between 1992–98. He now lives and works in Cologne and is the professor for film and video art at the Kunstakademie Düsseldorf since 2010.

## Works

* 1976-77: The Eternally Creative Hands or For All Art Historians (video, 4 minutes)
* 1977-78: To Stay in a Good Mood (video, 13 minutes)
* 1983: Die Distanz zwischen mir und meinen Verlusten
* 1984: I Do the Pain Test
* 1986: As If Memories Could Deceive Me
* 1986: In the Peripheral Vision of the Witness
* 1987: (Srecan Susret) Die gluckliche Begegnung (translation: The Happy Encounter, video, 6 minutes)
* 1994: Make a Fist in the Pocket
* 1994: Videoarbeit für einen Winterabend" (Videotape as contribution to "Der Klotz" portfolio of various artist)
* 1995: Vom Kommen und vom Gehen (Coming and Going)
* 1995: Standing is not falling down
* 1997-98: The Consumation of My Own Critique (video, DVD player, monitor, chair)

## InfoBox

| Marcel Odenbach | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1953<br>Cologne, West Germany |
| Nationality | German |
| Known for | Video art, Sculpture, Photography |


abstract: Events in the year 1987 in the Israeli Civil Administration area.

text:
# 1987 in the Israeli Civil Administration area

Events in the year **1987 in the Israeli Civil Administration area**.

## Incumbents

## Events

* September 5 – Four Israeli warplanes bomb three PLO guerrilla bases on the outskirts of the Palestinian refugee camp Ain al-Hilweh in Lebanon. Up to 41 people are reported killed in the incident. An IDF spokesman stated that the targets bombed were being used by terrorist cells that were planning raids against Israeli targets.
* October 8 – During a shootout that took place between Israeli security forces and four armed Islamic Jihad guerrillas in the Gaza Strip, all four guerrillas are killed, as well as one Shin Bet officer.
* December 6 – The Israeli businessman Shlomo Takal is stabbed to death at the main shopping square in Gaza City.
* December 8 – Israeli truck driver collides with two taxis carrying workers returning from work in Israel. Four Palestinian from the refugee camp Jabalia in the Gaza Strip are killed in the incident. A rumor which spread among Palestinians that the crash was deliberate and made in retaliation for the murder of an Israeli businessman in Gaza City two days earlier, sparks the First Intifada the next day.
* December 9 – First Intifada begins - violence, riots, general strikes, and civil disobedience campaigns by Palestinian Arabs spread across the West Bank and Gaza Strip. Israeli forces respond with tear gas, plastic bullets, and live ammunition.
* December 15 – In a controversial move and amid Arab protests, Israeli Trade and Industry Minister Ariel Sharon entertained many prominent Israeli figures in a housewarming party in an apartment he rented in the Muslim Quarter of Jerusalem's Old City. The apartment was used by Sharon during his visits in the city while his permanent home was and remained in a ranch in southern Israel.

## Deaths

* August 29 – Naji al-Ali, a Palestinian cartoonist, noted for the political criticism of Israel in his works. (born 1938)


title: Stéphan Perrot

abstract: Stéphan Perrot is a breaststroke swimmer from France, who won the gold medal in the men's 200 metres breaststroke event at the 1999 European Championships in Istanbul. He represented his native country at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia, where he was eliminated in the semifinals of the men's 200 m breaststroke.

text:
# Stéphan Perrot

**Stéphan Perrot** (born 19 June 1977 in Nice) is a breaststroke swimmer from France, who won the gold medal in the men's 200 metres breaststroke event at the 1999 European Championships in Istanbul. He represented his native country at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia, where he was eliminated in the semifinals of the men's 200 m breaststroke.

## InfoBox

Stéphan Perrot
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 19 June 1977 (1977-06-19) (age 47)<br>Nice, France |
| Medal record      Men's swimming  Representing  France  European Championships (LC)  1999 Istanbul  200 m breaststroke  1999 Istanbul  100 m breaststroke  European Championships (SC)  1999 Lisbon  200 m breaststroke  2000 Valencia  200 m breaststroke  1998 Sheffield  200 m breaststroke  Mediterranean Games  1997 Bari  200 m breaststroke | |


title: William Morton (Manitoba politician)

abstract: William Morton was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1927 to 1958, and was a cabinet minister in the governments of John Bracken, Stuart Garson and Douglas Campbell. His father, Thomas Lewis Morton, was a member of the assembly from 1888 to 1903. Morton was educated at St. John's College in Winnipeg, and was prominent in athletics, notably football, hockey and curling. He was a councillor in the municipality of Westbourne from 1913 to 1917, and was its reeve from 1917 to 1927. He was first elected to the Manitoba legislature in the 1927 provincial election as a Progressive, in the rural constituency of Gladstone. He was returned as a Liberal-Progressive in the 1932 election, after the two parties formed an alliance. Re-elected again in the 1936 election, Morton was promoted to cabinet on November 22, 1939, as Municipal Commissioner in John Bracken's government. On February 14, 1944, he was given additional cabinet responsibilities as Minister under the Manitoba Telephone Act. When Douglas Campbell became Premier of Manitoba on December 14, 1948, he relieved Morton of the Municipal Affairs portfolio, but kept him as minister under the Manitoba Telephone Act, Minister under the Manitoba Power Commission Act, and Minister of Public Utilities under the Municipal and Public Utility Board Act. His title was later simplified to Minister of Public Works and Minister of Public Utilities. In these portfolios, Morton continued Campbell's work in providing electricity to the rural areas of the province. In 1952, Morton approved a motion which gave aboriginal Canadians in Manitoba the right to vote in provincial elections. Morton holds the unique distinction of having been returned without opposition in four consecutive elections: 1941, 1945, 1949 and 1953. Morton stepped down from his ministerial portfolios on January 28, 1955, and served as a minister without portfolio until his death in Winnipeg in early 1958. Manitoba Cooperative Commonwealth Federation leader Lloyd Stinson described Morton as the "strong silent" man of Campbell's administration. He was a loyal supporter of Campbell, and often used his extensive ties to municipal politicians for the government's benefit. In 1907, he married Mary Mathilda Manwaring. Morton's son, William Lewis Morton, was a prominent Canadian historian. There is currently a William Morton Collegiate in Gladstone, Manitoba.

text:
# William Morton (Manitoba politician)

**William Morton** (July 3, 1884, in Gladstone, Manitoba – January 28, 1958) was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba from 1927 to 1958, and was a cabinet minister in the governments of John Bracken, Stuart Garson and Douglas Campbell. His father, Thomas Lewis Morton, was a member of the assembly from 1888 to 1903.

Morton was educated at St. John's College in Winnipeg, and was prominent in athletics, notably football, hockey and curling. He was a councillor in the municipality of Westbourne from 1913 to 1917, and was its reeve from 1917 to 1927.

He was first elected to the Manitoba legislature in the 1927 provincial election as a Progressive, in the rural constituency of Gladstone. He was returned as a Liberal-Progressive in the 1932 election, after the two parties formed an alliance.

Re-elected again in the 1936 election, Morton was promoted to cabinet on November 22, 1939, as Municipal Commissioner in John Bracken's government. On February 14, 1944, he was given additional cabinet responsibilities as Minister under the Manitoba Telephone Act.

When Douglas Campbell became Premier of Manitoba on December 14, 1948, he relieved Morton of the Municipal Affairs portfolio, but kept him as minister under the Manitoba Telephone Act, Minister under the Manitoba Power Commission Act, and Minister of Public Utilities under the Municipal and Public Utility Board Act. His title was later simplified to Minister of Public Works and Minister of Public Utilities. In these portfolios, Morton continued Campbell's work in providing electricity to the rural areas of the province.

In 1952, Morton approved a motion which gave aboriginal Canadians in Manitoba the right to vote in provincial elections.

Morton holds the unique distinction of having been returned without opposition in four consecutive elections: 1941, 1945, 1949 and 1953.

Morton stepped down from his ministerial portfolios on January 28, 1955, and served as a minister without portfolio until his death in Winnipeg in early 1958.

Manitoba Cooperative Commonwealth Federation leader Lloyd Stinson described Morton as the "strong silent" man of Campbell's administration. He was a loyal supporter of Campbell, and often used his extensive ties to municipal politicians for the government's benefit.

In 1907, he married Mary Mathilda Manwaring. Morton's son, William Lewis Morton, was a prominent Canadian historian. There is currently a William Morton Collegiate in Gladstone, Manitoba.


title: List of equestrian statues in Spain

text:
# List of equestrian statues in Spain

This is a list of equestrian statues in Spain.

## Madrid

## Alcázar de San Juan

## Antequera

## Badajoz

## Barcelona

## Burgos

## Cádiz

## Cardona

## Córdoba

## Cuenca

## Jerez de la Frontera

## Logroño

## Merida

## Morella

## Reus

## Sant Joan de les Abadesses

## Santander

* Equestrian of General Franco at the Plaza del Ayuntamiento (removed in 2008).

## Seville

## Trujillo

## Valdepeñas

## Valencia

## Valladolid

* Monument to Cavalry in the Battle of Annual in front of the Academia de Caballería.

## Vitoria-Gasteiz


title: Tillandsia pacifica

abstract: Tillandsia pacifica is a species of flowering plant in the genus Tillandsia. This species is endemic to Mexico.

text:
# Tillandsia pacifica

***Tillandsia pacifica*** is a species of flowering plant in the genus *Tillandsia*. This species is endemic to Mexico.

* Espejo-Serna, Adolfo; López-Ferrari, Ana Rosa; Ramírez-morillo, Ivón; Holst, Bruce K.; Luther, Harry E.; Till, Walter (1 June 2004). "Checklist of Mexican Bromeliaceae with Notes on Species Distribution and Levels of Endemism". *Selbyana*. **25** (1): 33–86. ISSN 2689-0682. JSTOR 41760147.

## InfoBox

| *Tillandsia pacifica* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| *Clade*: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Bromeliaceae |
| Genus: | *Tillandsia* |
| Subgenus: | *Tillandsia* subg. *Tillandsia* |
| Species: | ***T. pacifica*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Tillandsia pacifica***<br>Ehlers | |
|


abstract: Ousmane Coulibaly is a Burkinabé football manager and former player. A defender, he made 34 appearances for the Burkina Faso national team from 1994 to 2001. He was also named in Burkina Faso's squad for the 1998 African Cup of Nations tournament.

text:
# Ousmane Coulibaly (Burkinabé footballer)

**Ousmane Coulibaly** (born 23 February 1969) is a Burkinabé football manager and former player. A defender, he made 34 appearances for the Burkina Faso national team from 1994 to 2001. He was also named in Burkina Faso's squad for the 1998 African Cup of Nations tournament.

## InfoBox

Ousmane Coulibaly
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1969-02-23) 23 February 1969 | | |
| Position(s) | Defender | | |
| International career | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1994–2001 | Burkina Faso | 34 | (0) |


title: Uruguay at the 1988 Summer Olympics

text:
# Uruguay at the 1988 Summer Olympics

Uruguay competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea. 15 competitors, 14 men and 1 woman, took part in 14 events in 8 sports.

## Competitors

The following is the list of number of competitors in the Games.

| Sport | Men | Women | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Athletics | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Boxing | 2 |  | 2 |
| Cycling | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| Modern pentathlon | 1 |  | 1 |
| Rowing | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Sailing | 5 | 0 | 5 |
| Swimming | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Weightlifting | 1 |  | 1 |
| Total | 14 | 1 | 15 |

## Athletics

## Boxing

## Cycling

Three male cyclists represented Uruguay in 1988.

Men's road race Men's points race

## Gymnastics

## Modern pentathlon

One male pentathlete represented Uruguay in 1988.

**Men's Individual Competition**

**Men's Team Competition**

## Rowing

## Sailing

## Swimming

**Men's 100m Freestyle**

**Men's 200m Freestyle**

**Men's 400m Freestyle**

## Weightlifting

## InfoBox

| Uruguay at the<br>1988 Summer Olympics | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| IOC code | URU |
| NOC | Uruguayan Olympic Committee |
| Website | www.cou.org.uy (in Spanish) |
| in Seoul | |
| Competitors | 15 (14 men and 1 woman) in 8 sports |
| Flag bearer | Jesús Posse |
| Medals | Gold 0 Silver 0 Bronze 0 Total 0 |
| Summer Olympics appearances (overview) | |
|  | |


title: Sue Dwiggins

abstract: Sue Dwiggins Worsley was an American writer and production assistant on many films and also TV shows. She also worked on the memoir of her husband, film director Wallace Worsley Jr. She worked largely in science fiction and horror genres, but also did production secretary work for Deliverance.

text:
# Sue Dwiggins

**Sue Dwiggins Worsley** (born **Miriam Gretchen Sues**; 1914–2011) was an American writer and production assistant on many films and also TV shows. She also worked on the memoir of her husband, film director Wallace Worsley Jr. She worked largely in science fiction and horror genres, but also did production secretary work for *Deliverance*.

## Selected filmography

## InfoBox

| Sue Dwiggins | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Miriam Gretchen Sues
April 20, 1914
Los Angeles, California |
| Died | December 31, 2011
Studio City, California, USA |


title: William Gaggin

abstract: William Gaggin was an Australian cricketer. He played three first-class cricket matches for Victoria between 1869 and 1873. Gaggin also played Australian rules football for Melbourne Football Club and Carlton Football Club.

text:
# William Gaggin

**William Gaggin** (23 November 1847  5 July 1925) was an Australian cricketer. He played three first-class cricket matches for Victoria between 1869 and 1873. Gaggin also played Australian rules football for Melbourne Football Club and Carlton Football Club.

## InfoBox

William Gaggin
| Gaggin in 1908 | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Full name | William Wakeham Gaggin |
| Born | (1847-11-23)23 November 1847
County Cork, Ireland |
| Died | 5 July 1925(1925-07-05) (aged 77)
Melbourne, Australia |
| Batting | Right-hand bat |
| Domestic team information | |
| Years | Team |
| 1869–1873 | Victoria |
|  | |
| Source: Cricinfo, 3 May 2015 | |


# List of historic sites preserved along Rochambeau's route

A series of sites along the Washington–Rochambeau Revolutionary Route have been listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places or otherwise recognized and preserved. Buildings or roadway or other artifacts at these sites have been preserved and still evoke the army's passage in 1781 and its return in 1782. A multiple-property documentation study completed in 2001 addressed many of the Connecticut sites, and outlined criteria for NRHP-eligibility of others.

## List of historic sites

Recognized historic sites include, from East to West:


abstract: 1979 Women's Nordic Football Championship was the sixth edition of the Women's Nordic Football Championship tournament. It was held from 5 July to 8 July in Oslo, Fredrikstad and Setskog in Norway.

text:
# 1979 Women's Nordic Football Championship

**1979 Women's Nordic Football Championship** was the sixth edition of the Women's Nordic Football Championship tournament. It was held from 5 July to 8 July in Oslo, Fredrikstad and Setskog in Norway.

## Standings

| Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Sweden | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 6 | 2 | +4 | **5** |
| Denmark | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 6 | +3 | **4** |
| Finland | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 3 | **3** |
| Norway | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 6 | 4 | **0** |

## Results

| Finland | 1–0 | Norway |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Leskinen  ?' | Report |  |

Lisleby Stadion, FredrikstadAttendance: 621Referee: Bjørge Johansen, Norway

---

| Denmark | 1–4 | Sweden |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Hindkjær  ?' | Report | Söderström  2'  51'
Jansson  21'
Sundhage  61' |

Lisleby Stadion, FredrikstadAttendance: 700Referee: Gunnar Larsen, Norway

| Norway | 0–1 | Sweden |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report | Sundhage  ?' |

Setskog stadion, SetskogAttendance: 1,262Referee: Arild Sigvaldsen, Norway

---

| Denmark | 4–0 | Finland |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Mortensen  ?'
Ehmsen  ?'
Smidt Nielsen  ?'  ?' | Report |  |

Setskog stadion, SetskogAttendance: 1,000Referee: Ivar Frederiksen, Norway

| Denmark | 4–2 | Norway |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Niemann  10'
Smidt Nielsen  14'
Sværen  33' (o.g.)
Mortensen  68' | Report | Kristiansen  5' (pen.)
Nyborg  31' |

Bislett Stadion, OsloAttendance: 957Referee: Jan Erik Olsen, Norway

---

| Finland | 1–1 | Sweden |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Kaasinen  33' | Report | Sintorn  55' |

Bislett Stadion, OsloAttendance: 957Referee: Rolf Nyhus, Norway

## Goalscorers

3 goals 2 goals 1 goal Own goal

## Sources

* Nordic Championships (Women) 1979 Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation
* Lautela, Yrjö & Wallén, Göran: *Rakas jalkapallo — Sata vuotta suomalaista jalkapalloa*, p. 418–419. Football Association of Finland / Teos Publishing 2007. ISBN 978-951-851-068-3.

## InfoBox

1979 Women's Nordic Football Championship
| Tournament details | |
| --- | --- |
| Host country | Norway |
| Dates | 5 July – 8 July 1979 |
| Teams | 4 |
| Venue(s) | 3 (in 3 host cities) |
| Final positions | |
| Champions | Sweden (3rd title) |
| Tournament statistics | |
| Matches played | 6 |
| Goals scored | 19 (3.17 per match) |
| Attendance | 5,497 (916 per match) |
| Top scorer(s) | Lone Smidt Nielsen (3 goals) |
|


title: Tiera Skovbye

abstract: Tiera Skovbye is a Canadian actress. She began her career as a child actress. She is known for starring in television films such as her role playing Elizabeth Berkley in Lifetime's The Unauthorized Saved by the Bell Story; for her recurring roles as Polly Cooper on The CW series Riverdale, as Robin on the ABC television series Once Upon a Time. Skovbye starred as Grace Knight on the Global series Nurses.

text:
# Tiera Skovbye

**Tiera Skovbye** (/ˈskbi/ *SKOH-bee*; born May 6, 1995) is a Canadian actress. She began her career as a child actress. She is known for starring in television films such as her role playing Elizabeth Berkley in Lifetime's *The Unauthorized Saved by the Bell Story*; for her recurring roles as Polly Cooper on The CW series *Riverdale*, as Robin on the ABC television series *Once Upon a Time*. Skovbye starred as Grace Knight on the Global series *Nurses*.

## Career

Skovbye's first substantial role was as the 10-year old Jane on the drama series *Painkiller Jane* in 2007. Skovbye has also appeared in a number of television films, most notably Lifetime's *The Unauthorized Saved by the Bell Story* in which she played Elizabeth Berkley.

In early 2017, she began playing the recurring role of Polly Cooper on The CW teen drama series *Riverdale*. Skovbye played the recurring role of Robin, the daughter of Zelena and Robin Hood, and her cursed counterpart, Margot, during the seventh season of *Once Upon a Time*. In 2018, she appeared in the horror mystery film *Summer of 84*, opposite Graham Verchere, Judah Lewis, and Rich Sommer.

Skovbye starred as Grace Knight on the Global drama series *Nurses*, which ran from 2020 to 2021.

## Personal life

Skovbye was born in Vancouver, British Columbia. She has a younger sister, Ali, who is also an actress, and who co-stars on the Netflix series *Firefly Lane*.

## Filmography

### Film

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2012 | *Girl in Progress* | Jezabel | as Tiere Skovkye |
| 2012 | *A Christmas Story 2* | Drucilla Gootrad | Direct-to-video film |
| 2015 | *Even Lambs Have Teeth* | Katie |  |
| 2018 | *Summer of '84* | Nikki Kaszuba |  |
| 2018 | *Midnight Sun* | Zoe Carmichael |  |
| 2018 | *The Miracle Season* | Brie |  |
| 2020 | *2 Hearts* | Samantha "Sam" Peters |  |
| 2022 | *Bring It On: Cheer or Die* | McKayla Miller | Direct-to-video film |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2007 | *Painkiller Jane* | Jane – 10 Years Old | 3 episodes |
| 2007 | *Kaya* | Real Shandi Palmer | Episode: "Every Breath You Take" |
| 2008, 2013 | *Supernatural* | Young Bela / Honor | Episodes: "Time Is on My Side", "Rock and a Hard Place" |
| 2010 | *The Troop* | Darla Robinson | Episode: "Double Felix" |
| 2010 | *Dead Lines* | Spencer Fyne | Television movie |
| 2010 | *Wishing Well* | Sam Turner | Unsold television pilot; also known as *Wish List* |
| 2010, 2013 | *The Haunting Hour: The Series* | Anna | Episodes: "The Dead Body", "Dead Bodies" |
| 2011 | *Three Weeks, Three Kids* | Alice Norton | Television movie (Hallmark) |
| 2012 | *Wingin' It* | Sarah | Episode: "Practical Romance" |
| 2012 | *The Haunting Hour: The Series* | Flynn | Episode: "Headshot" |
| 2013 | *Blink* | Mia | Unsold television pilot |
| 2013 | *Forever 16* | Raven | Television movie (Lifetime) |
| 2013 | *Spooksville* | Daniela | Episode: "The Wicked Cat" |
| 2014 | *The Unauthorized Saved by the Bell Story* | Elizabeth Berkley | Television movie (Lifetime) |
| 2014 | *Christmas Icetastrophe* | Marley Crooge | Television movie (Syfy) |
| 2014 | *A Christmas Tail* | Olivia Burgin | Television movie |
| 2015 | *Sugar Babies* | Tessa Bouillette | Television movie (Lifetime) |
| 2015 | *Liar, Liar, Vampire* | Caitlyn Crisp | Television movie (Nickelodeon) |
| 2015 | *Arrow* | Madison Danforth | Episode: "The Candidate" |
| 2015 | *Minority Report* | Young Agatha | Episode: "The American Dream" |
| 2015 | *Mark & Russell's Wild Ride* | Ashley | Television movie (Disney XD) |
| 2016 | *Revenge Porn* | Peyton Harris | Television movie (Lifetime); also known as *My Daughter's Disgrace* |
| 2016 | *Dead of Summer* | Deb (20 years old) | Episode: "The Dharma Bums" |
| 2016 | *Christmas Cookies* | Brooke | Television movie (Hallmark) |
| 2017–2023 | *Riverdale* | Polly Cooper | Recurring role |
| 2017 | *Secrets of My Stepdaughter* | Rachel Kent | Television movie (Lifetime) |
| 2017 | *One Small Indiscretion* | Elle | Television movie (Lifetime) |
| 2017–2018 | *Once Upon a Time* | Margot / Robin | Recurring role (season 7) |
| 2020–2021 | *Nurses* | Grace | Main role |
| 2020 | *Dirty John* | Young Betty Broderick | 3 episodes (season 2) |
| 2023 | *Ride* | Missy McMurray | Main role |

### Music videos

## InfoBox

| Tiera Skovbye | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1995-05-06) May 6, 1995<br>Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada |
| Occupation | Actress |
| Years active | 2005–present |


title: Norcia

abstract: Norcia, traditionally known in English by its Latin name of Nursia, is a town and comune in the province of Perugia (Italy) in southeastern Umbria. Unlike many ancient towns, it is located in a wide plain abutting the Monti Sibillini, a subrange of the Apennines with some of its highest peaks, near the Sordo River, a small stream that eventually flows into the Nera. The town is popularly associated with the Valnerina. It is a member of I Borghi più belli d'Italia. The area is known for its air and scenery, and is a base for mountaineering and hiking. It is also widely known for hunting, especially of the wild boar, and for sausages and ham made from wild boar and pork. Such products have been named after Norcia; in Italian, they are called norcineria.

text:
# Norcia

**Norcia** (Italian pronunciation: \[ˈnɔrtʃa\]), traditionally known in English by its Latin name of **Nursia** (/ˈnɜːrsiə, ˈnɜːrʃ(i)ə/), is a town and comune in the province of Perugia (Italy) in southeastern Umbria. Unlike many ancient towns, it is located in a wide plain abutting the Monti Sibillini, a subrange of the Apennines with some of its highest peaks, near the Sordo River, a small stream that eventually flows into the Nera. The town is popularly associated with the Valnerina (the valley of the Nera). It is a member of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").

The area is known for its air and scenery, and is a base for mountaineering and hiking. It is also widely known for hunting, especially of the wild boar, and for sausages and ham made from wild boar and pork. Such products have been named after Norcia; in Italian, they are called *norcineria*.

## History

Traces of human settlement in Norcia's area date back to the Neolithic Age.

The town's known history begins with settlement by the Sabines in the 5th century BC. After the conquest by the Romans in the 3rd century BC, it was an ally of ancient Rome in 205 BC, during the Second Punic War, when it was known in Latin as ***Nursia***, but the earliest extant Roman ruins date from around the 1st century. The renegade general Quintus Sertorius, who famously fought a guerrilla war in Spain against the Roman government (80–72 BC), was born in Nursia in *c.* 123 BC. Another famous Nursian of Roman times was Vespasia Polla (born *c.* 15 BC), the mother of the emperor Vespasian.

St. Benedict, the founder of the Benedictine monastic system, and his twin sister St. Scholastica, were born here in AD 480. In the 8th century, an oratory was built so pilgrims could pray at St. Benedict's birthplace. Monks came to Norcia in the 10th century. Contemporary monks care for the Monastery of St. Benedict, built over the Roman ruins of the house of Sts. Benedict and Scholastica.

In the 6th century Norcia was conquered by the Lombards, becoming part of the Duchy of Spoleto. In the 9th century it suffered from Saracen attacks, which started a period of deep decadence. In the 11th century, it was part of the domain of St. Henry, Holy Roman Emperor. In the 12th century Norcia became an independent commune within the Papal territories, with an increasing political and economical prestige. The collaboration with the Benedictine abbey in Preci led to the creation of the *Schola Chirurgica*. Studies at this institution contributed to Norcia residents improving their swine breeding. The powerful Spoleto and the 1324 earthquake thwarted the city's ambitions, and in 1354 it was returned definitively to the Papal authority.

On 24 August 2016, a magnitude 6.2 earthquake and numerous strong aftershocks struck near Norcia, causing major damage to the towns in the region. The people in the town of Norcia were not injured. The town of Norcia itself only suffered structural damage but this displaced many citizens. However, several small towns around the town received heavy damage and many collapsed buildings.

On 30 October 2016, another magnitude 6.5 earthquake rocked Norcia, causing heavy damage to the city: among other buildings, the nave of the Basilica of St. Benedict was destroyed.

## Main sights

The older core of Norcia is almost flat, which is relatively unusual among the towns of Umbria. It is completely enclosed by a full circuit of walls that has survived intact from the 14th century. They stood up despite many earthquakes, of which several were devastating (1763, 1859, 1979). After the earthquake of 22 August 1859, the Papal States, to which Norcia then belonged, imposed a stringent construction code forbidding structures of more than three storeys and requiring the use of certain materials and building techniques.

Roman vestiges are observable throughout the city, especially in the walls of San Lorenzo, its oldest extant church. On via Umberto is a small aedicule or corner chapel, sometimes called a tempietto, with faded frescoes, painted by Vanni della Tuccia in 1354. Of greater interest are the two Romanesque arches, densely sculpted with zoomorphic, human, and geometric forms.

The main basilica is dedicated to St. Benedict and is connected to a functioning Benedictine monastery, the Monastery of St. Benedict. Though this edifice was built in the 13th century, it stood on the remains of one or more small Roman buildings, sometimes considered to have been a Roman basilica, or alternately the house in which the twin saints were born. The façade, in Gothic style, is characterized by a central rose window and relief portraying the four Evangelists. Inside, the fresco of the *Resurrection of Lazarus* (1560) was painted by Michelangelo Carducci. The altar in the left-hand transept housed a *St Benedict and Totila* (1621) by Filippo Napoletano. The nave of the basilica was destroyed by an earthquake on 30 October 2016.

The Renaissance church of Santa Maria Argentea is the *Duomo* or cathedral. It holds some works by Flemish masters, a richly decorated altar by Duquesnoy, a *Madonna and Saints* by Pomarancio, and a *St Vicent Ferrer and the Sick* (1756) by Giuseppe Paladini.

The Gothic church of Sant'Agostino (14th century) has many votive frescoes of St Roch and St Sebastian. San Francesco, from the same century has a notable portal, surmounted by a Gothic rose window, with pink and white stone decorations.

A fortress, the Castellina was built in 1555–1563 as the residence of the Papal governors, as designed by Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola. It now houses a small museum with Roman and medieval artifacts, and documents of the Middle Ages and later periods.

In the *frazioni* near the town proper, are

* The *pieve* of San Salvatore, at Campi, with two rose windows and two portals of different ages. Also in Campi is the parish church of St. Andrew, with an original triangular loggiato. The Church of San Salvatore and that of Sant'Andrea were damaged or destroyed in the 2016 earthquake.
* The *frazione* of Savelli has the ruins of Madonna della Neve, an elegant octagonal church designed by Bramante in the 15th century. It was destroyed by the 1979 earthquake.
* In San Pellegrino is the convent of Santa Maria di Montesanto (14th century), now in poor condition. It has a noteworthy cloister and a church with 17th-century canvasses and a 14th-century wooden statue, *Madonna with Child*.

On 30 October 2016, a 6.6 magnitude earthquake with an epicenter near Norcia destroyed the nave of the basilica of St. Benedict Church as well as the town's cathedral, with only the facade remaining.

## *Frazioni*

Agriano, Aliena, Ancarano, Biselli, Campi, Casali di Serravalle, Case sparse, Castelluccio, Cortigno, Forca Canapine, Forsivo, Frascaro, Legogne, Monte-Cappelletta, Nottoria, Ocricchio, Ospedaletto, Pescia, Pie' la rocca, Piediripa, Popoli, San Marco, San Pellegrino, Sant'Andrea, Savelli, Serravalle, Valcaldara.

Serravalle (also known as Serravalle di Norcia) lies on the Sordo River a few hundred meters upstream from its confluence with the Corno.

## InfoBox

| Nursia Norcia | |
| --- | --- |
| *Comune* | |
| Comune di Norcia | |
|  | |
| Location of Nursia | |
| NursiaLocation of Nursia in ItalyNursiaNursia (Umbria) | |
| Coordinates: 42°47′36″N 13°5′38″E / 42.79333°N 13.09389°E / 42.79333; 13.09389 | |
| Country | Italy |
| Region | Umbria |
| Province | Perugia (PG) |
| *Frazioni* | see list |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Nicola Alemanno |
| Area | |
| Total | 274 km2 (106 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 604 m (1,982 ft) |
| Population (31 December 2014) | |
| Total | 4,937 |
| Density | 18/km2 (47/sq mi) |
| Demonym | Nursini |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 06046 |
| Dialing code | 0743 |
| Patron saint | St. Benedict |
| Saint day | 21 March, 11 July |
| Website | Official website |


title: Orlando Dutton

abstract: Orlando Henry Dutton was an English-born Australian monumental, figurative and architectural sculptor.

text:
# Orlando Dutton

**Orlando Henry Dutton** (1 April 1894, Walsall – 7 August 1962, Melbourne) was an English-born Australian monumental, figurative and architectural sculptor.

## Early life

Orlando Dutton (sometimes styled H. Orlando Dutton, and known as Harry) was born in Upper Rushall Street, Walsall, Staffordshire on 1 April 1894, the first son of Eliza Priscilla (née Leayton) and Henry, a baker, confectioner and proprietor of the Silver Grill in Park Street. Orlando was the third of five siblings Lillian, Dorothy, Sydney, and Montague, and was a chorister in the town's St. Matthews Church.

## Training

Dutton began his education at the Blue Coat school in St. Paul's Street, and then attended the School of Art at 22 Goodall Street, Walsall (now Luvane Fine Art gallery) and in 1909 was apprenticed to Robert Bridgeman's Lichfield firm of ecclesiastical sculptors. As a stone carver, he was employed on buildings in the Midlands, such as, in 1910, the girls' high school building in Handsworth.

## War service in WW1

During World War I, he enlisted on 23 October 1915 and served in the United Kingdom with the Manchester Regiment in the Labour Corps, and was awarded the 1914-1915 Star He then was assigned to the 29th Trench Mortar Battery with the Salonica Force fighting in Valletta, Malta. Orlando's father inquired after his location and condition in March 1918 by cable from his home at 265 Gillies St., Adelaide and received a reply in July that year reporting that since 16 May 1918 his son was being treated for malaria in the 4th London General Hospital, Denmark Hill (King's College Hospital). Orlando's brother Sydney died fighting in France on 8 August 1918, aged 22.

## Australia

Other members of Dutton's family migrated to Australia in 1913 while he stayed to complete his apprenticeship. Still suffering from malaria and other ailments acquired during his war service, he emigrated to Australia on a free passage as an ex-Serviceman under an overseas settlement scheme, with £25 gratuity. On the voyage he met Emma Jane Hancock, a former wartime V.A.D. nurse (born 6 March 1880), and they married on 15 August 1922 in Adelaide. Living first in Adelaide near his family, he entered a partnership with a monumental mason. In 1922 he made four bronze reliefs based on his own war experiences for a WWI monument in Booleroo Centre. In 1923 he exhibited at the Royal South Australian Society of Arts.

The couple made Melbourne their permanent home, living at first at 13 Devonshire Road, East Malvern, and there, from 1929 he worked as a stonemason on the Shrine of Remembrance and also that year made four figures for the tower of St Paul's Cathedral, Melbourne.

## Depression years

The Great Depression, especially harsh in Australia, resulted in there being few art lovers buying, or even showing interest in, sculpture with even the most professional failing to sell a single work. Their medium was always last to be mentioned in reviews of exhibitions, and sculptors struggled to survive. Nevertheless, the depth of the global economic crisis proved to be a busy time for Dutton, with work on buildings of two insurance companies and an art gallery.

In 1930–31, with the assistance of 17-year-old Stanley Hammond, he cast two identical groups of large figures of *Faith, Hope and Charity,* for placement six stories above the Collins and Swanston Streets entrances of the Art Deco Manchester Unity building. An uncredited article in *The Herald* describes the technical approach;

> Statuary groups— Faith, Hope and Charity will be a feature of the new Manchester Unity building. This emblematical statuary will appear on both the Collins Street and Swanston Street facades, close to the corner entrance, and, being in ivory white, will stand out well against the mother-of-pearl glazed terra-cotta. Much work is involved in the completion of such a group of life-size figures. First a quarter scale model is completely finished in clay, and after approval of detail has been given by the architect, the figures are modelled full-size in special modelling clay. Since the figures cannot be handled full-size in the kilns, and on account of the necessity of reproducing two or three sets, they are carefully cut into convenient sizes, from which plaster moulds are made. The individual pieces are then pressed in clay, dried, glazed, and burnt in the kiln to 2100 deg. Fahrenheit, after which they are closely fitted together, and are ready for setting in place on the job. The modelling, to the design of the architect, Mr Marcus R. Barlow, is being done at Wunderlich's terra-cotta factory, Sunshine, by Mr O. H. Dutton, sculptor, who carried out a considerable amount of work for the Shrine of Remembrance.

In the same years, for the main entrance of the AMP building at 419-429 Collins Street and 64-74 Market Street Melbourne, he carved the emblematic statuary group from three blocks of stone weighing more than 17 tonnes, and he and Hammond cast in artificial stone an allegorical panel over the entrance of architect Percy Meldrum's Art Deco Castlemaine Art Gallery and Historical Museum, for which Harold Herbert, who made a watercolour of the building, had praise in his 1930 article describing the techniques employed;

> A very interesting panel, in relief, to be placed over the entrance doorway to the Castlemaine Art Gallery has been completed by Mr. O. H. Dutton. It is excellently designed, and the flat relief of 14 inches depth has been very effectively carried out. The panel is about eight feet long. The process, too, is interesting, as the work is to be cast in artificial stone (a mixture of crushed stone and cement) of a yellow-grey colour. The design is symbolic in character, and expresses civic pride by the seated central figure with the arts and culture on one side and the goldmining, which was responsible for the birth of Castlemaine, on the other. Appropriate also is the suggestion of cultivation and progress. This panel, which will be the sole item of decoration included in a very simple and dignified facade, will prove a very telling note, and has been admirably conceived for this purpose. The architects are Messrs. Stephenson and Meldrum, of Melbourne.

## Sculptors’ Society of Australia

In 1932 W. Leslie Bowles met with Dutton, Wallace Anderson, Ola Cohn, George Allen and Charles Oliver, proposing to form a Sculptors' Society in the hope that commissions could be shared amongst the Society members. The Sculptors' Society of Australia was duly instituted with Bowles, as Secretary, its only office bearer in a position he held through the life of the Society. Sydney sculptors Paul Montford and Raynor Hoff and Daphne Mayo of Brisbane joined the Society and later the younger professional sculptors, Lyndon Dadswell and Stanley Hammond, also became members. In its next ten years until its demise because of the War, the Society promoted seven competitions for major public sculptures, of which Bowles won four, Hammond two and Anderson one; while none of the other members were successful.

In April 1933 the first group exhibition of sculpture to be held in Melbourne was organised by members Dutton, Bowles, Wallace Anderson, Ola Cohn, George Allen, and Charles Oliver. Arthur Streeton enthusiastically welcomed the exhibition and expressed surprise that Australia, which had a clear atmosphere and a suitable climate to show sculpture to its best advantage, did not make more of it. An illustration of Dutton's plaster maquette of *St. George* from the show was published in *Art in Australia* in December that year. After joining the Victorian Artists Society, his *Troubadour* was exhibited at their galleries in East Melbourne in May 1935.

Like others in the Society, Dutton was active from the mid-1930s in entering sculpture awards. He submitted for the Melbourne City Council competition for sculpture to decorate the Fitzroy Gardens, which was won by Leslie Bowles. In December 1935 Dutton submitted for the (Sir John) Monash Equestrian Memorial commission a finished maquette as one of the competitors, with Paul Montford, Lyndon Dadswell, Raynor Hoff, Wallace Anderson, Henry Harvey and A. de Bono, whose entries apart from that of winner, who again was Bowles, were exhibited in Melbourne at the new Arts and Crafts Society gallery.

Dutton's architectural decoration continued in 1938 with his contribution of a symbolic bas-relief to the facade of Anzac House in Collins Street of a man holding high the Lamp of Honour while crushing the Serpent of Evil with his heel. That year in Adelaide, he received the Melrose Prize for a portrait bust of writer Robert H. Croll and the Art Gallery of South Australia, belatedly strengthening its sculpture collection, was the first to acquire Dutton's work, purchasing his stone carving *Jeune Fille* from the 1939 South Australian Society of Arts spring show through the Morgan Thomas Bequest Fund.

## World War II

During World War II Dutton again served, enlisting at Caulfield in the 2nd AIF with the service number VX22013, and as an older recruit in his late forties his skills were employed in the Mapping Division making landscape models for training purposes. Over 1941–42 he worked on Professor Edwin Sherbon Hills' large scale map of the Australian topography nine metres (thirty feet) square, at a scale of 5.2 km to the centimetre. It was made in plaster over plywood cut to follow fifty-foot (15.24 m.) contour intervals, and Dutton finished the final model with a scalpel before its casting in sections. The full map was displayed for the 1967 ANZAAS conference. Since the late 1970s a section showing eastern Australian states has been displayed in the School of Earth Sciences' Fritz Loewe Theatre, Melbourne University on the corner of Swanston and Elgin Streets, Carlton. Scienceworks retains the Commonwealth archives copy.

The War did not curtail Dutton's artistic practice and in 1939, though not yet a member of the conservative Australian Academy of Art, he showed a limestone carving *Night*, and a small sculpture of an aboriginal fisherman, in the Academy's second exhibition then participated in its third in 1940. That year he carved figures in the spandrels above the entrance of the monastery St. Paschal's House of Studies in Box Hill. Harley Cameron Griffiths (Sen.) painted his portrait in 1941 in an army greatcoat. Just before, and after, the War he resided in and kept his studio at 29 Muir St., Hawthorn.

Dutton exhibited with the Victorian Artists' Society from 1934, and as a member in 1939 he was a judge for an *Age* newspaper sculpture competition. Made its president in 1946–47, he encouraged sculptors to join and founded a sculpture group, inaugurating in 1947 an annual exhibition of the medium at the VAS in the first of which he included a life-sized *Orpheus.*

Lenton Parr remarks that it was the membership of the professional artists of high standing, James Quinn, George Bell and Orlando Dutton which lent the VAS credibility when amateurs dominated during the rise of the Contemporary Art Society, and when roundly criticised by *The Age* art critic for its drop in standards on the eve of Dutton's presidency.

Later, he and the other sculptors concerned set up their own society, asking George Allen, Head of the Sculpture School at RMIT and Stanley Hammond to write into its constitution aims including; promoting sculpture in the community; conducting competitions for professional sculptors; and encouraging young sculptors and students with opportunities to exhibit, and to learn by association with practising sculptors. Accordingly the Victorian Sculptors’ Society was founded in 1949 and it achieved its objectives until the departure in 1967 of splinter group the Centre 5.

In other official capacities Dutton on 25 May 1948 opened an exhibition of Bebe Rigg stained-glass windows and cartoons at the Independent Church Hall, Collins Street. With Daryl Lindsay and Louis McCubbin he judged the 1951 Jubilee art competition in Brisbane.

## On sculpture

Well versed in, and habitually applying, allegory in his art, at the August 1935 meeting of the Victorian Institute of Architects Students Society, Dutton described the preparation of scale models and sculpting techniques in the execution of large stone carvings with reference to his work on the spire of St. Paul's Cathedral. In outlining evolving symbolism in the medium from Egypt and Assyria, and its diversity of forms brought about by Christian adaptations, he criticised “the great lack of sculptural significance in the decoration of most Melbourne buildings,” arousing discussion with his audience about the modern application of sculpture to architectural design.

Asked in 1935 to comment by *The Herald* on Jacob Epstein's sculpture *Behold the Man,* Dutton, described as "noted ecclesiastical sculptor" gave a less reactionary, but still ambivalent, response than the others including Paul Montfort who called it "a bit of bunkum", saying; "There are two aspects in which to look at the work. One is the literary. If it were not called Christ, but *The Captive*, or something like that, nobody would, bother about it. As a piece of sculpture, looking at its humps and bumps and hollows I find it very dull. I believe Epstein has done it on a large scale so that it cannot be carried around the country on tour, as happened to his *Genesis*."

In 1936 his presentation on ABC radio station 3AR, was titled 'A Sculptor at Work' as part of a series 'An Australian Period' devised by R.H. Croll, whose portrait bust by Dutton was awarded the Melrose Prize in 1938.

Promoting of Dutton's cause while he held presidency of the Victorian Artists Society, and decrying the "Neglect of Sculpture", an article with that heading opened with a paragraph signed "'The Age' Art Critic", asserting that it was the;

> least appreciated of all arts. In fourteen years, sales from exhibitions in Melbourne have amounted to less than £100 a year, and, although recent exhibitions stimulated interest, they were not very successful financially. It is evident that, for the time being, survival of this art form depends on the courage and spontaneous love of a few, who, without hope of reward, must carry on in unwarranted obscurity.

The article mentions Arthur Fleischmann and Lyndon Dadswell, but is illustrated only with Dutton's *The Torch Bearer* and *Iris* (purchased in 1954 by the NGV)*,* *and* quotes him as attributing the problem to "the Impact of Impressionism" as "detrimental to appreciation of sculptural form" and calling for a "return to formal relationships, composition and design," as seen in the then current painting, to "contribute to a readier understanding of these qualities in stone. These quatitles are an essential postulate of good sculpture, and their acceptance will lead to a return to the strength of lineal relationships and masses o! form.

In the 1950s Dutton continued to express his strong opinions about public sculpture.

## Reception

*The Bulletin* remarked in its review of the May 1933 Melbourne Fine Arts gallery show of sculpture, the first to be held in the city, that;

> Rodin, the greatest of modern sculptors, summed up sculpture as 'the art of the hole and the lump.' Orlando Dutton comes nearest to realising Rodin’s dictum. His “A V.A.D.” and the pleasing “Head of a Girl” may be a trifle too highly finished, but they definitely suggest that he had human beings in front of him instead of a set of rules and regulations.

In reviewing the 1938 Victorian Artists’ Society's Show of 206 works the same magazine commented that "Orlando Dutton’s bust of his mother is limpid, alive." Of his contribution to the 1938 spring exhibition of the Victorian Artists Society, *The Age* recommends that "among the sculpture exhibits attention is drawn to a model for garden ornament by Orlando Dutton which is original in design and sound." and of the 1940 spring show at the same venue remarks that in "a sculptured head of Harley Griffiths, the artist, Orlando Dutton, has been happy in catching the illusive \[sic\] smile of his sitter."

In the sculpture section of the fifth Australian Academy of Art exhibition held 20–31 July 1943, *The Age,* beside Bowles' work "of a more stylised type," rated Dutton's portrait of Dr. Austin Edwards as "probably the best. It has admirable qualities of portraiture and modelling." It was a work shown also in 1946 and again praised by *The Age* critic who identified it as "the chief work In the exhibition...very ably and sensitively modelled from all profiles: has full "content": and conveys to one who has no acquaintance with the original the feeling that It is a very true likeness."

## Later life

In his later years Dutton also painted, showing a self-portrait praised by *The Age* at the Victorian Artists Society in September 1948, and in its first portrait show in 1949, and from 1961 is his formal oil painting on board of C.S.I.R.O. geologist Sir Frank Stillwell in academic regalia, held in the University of Melbourne. In 1962 he submitted a painting *Friday Night* to the Crouch Prize at the Ballarat Art Gallery which was noted by critic Arnold Shore as being of "special worth."

In December 1955 Dutton returned with wife Emma to England on the SS *Largs Bay* intending to live there. He declared in a 1955 article in the *Walsall Observer* on life in Australia, that "with the stout help of a dear wife, an interesting life has been savoured to the full. We look back with affection to England and after 35 years returned there, but we never allowed our backward glances to prevent us from looking hopefully ahead." In the article he expressed horror at the loss of green fields to housing estates, and while there, agitated for a museum of art in his home town of Walsall.

Mourning his wife Emma who died while they were still in England, he returned again to Melbourne in 1960. On return, he taught sculpture at Prahran Technical College for an unknown period.

## Death

Dutton was reported on 24 August 1962 to be missing from his flat in Brougham St., Kew after walking to post a letter 0.8 km away. A number of friends and sculptor colleagues searched Melbourne for him. After a reported sighting of him in Chadstone, police surmised he may have been suffering dementia, though he had written in June a clearly argued letter to the editor of *The Age,* and in August had joined with Alan Sumner, principal of the Prahran College, in a deputation to the State Government's Chief Secretary Arthur Rylah to advocate for appointment of Melbourne artists to the National Gallery of Victoria board of trustees.

On 2 September, his body was found in the river Yarra at Fairfield. His funeral service was held at Springvale Crematorium on 4 September 1962. The Coroner conducting an inquest into his death in October found no evidence, or signs of violence, to show Dutton might have been pushed into the river, and could discover "no reason why he should have taken his own life," before returning an open finding.

## Exhibitions

* 1933, May: Six sculptors; Orlando Dutton, Leslie Bowles, Wallace Anderson, Ola Cohn, George Allen, and Charles Oliver
* 1934, 2–14 October: Victorian Artists Society, East Melbourne
* 1935, 9–16 September: Victorian Artists Society, East Melbourne
* 1935, from 20 December: The Monash Equestrian Memorial; finished sketch model as one of the competitors, with Paul Montford, Lyndon Dadswell, Raynor Hoff, Wallace Anderson, Henry Harvey and A. de Bono, for the Sir John Monash memorial statue commission. Arts and Crafts Society, 220 Collins Street, Melbourne
* 1936, 28 September-11 October: Victorian Artists Society, East Melbourne
* 1939: South Australian Society of Arts Spring show
* 1939, 5 April-3 May: Second Australian Academy of Art exhibition. National Gallery of Victoria
* 1939, from 2 May: Stair Gallery, Victorian Artists Society, East Melbourne
* 1939, 5 April-3 May: Australian Academy of Art exhibition, McAllan Gallery
* 1940 March–April: Third Australian Academy of Art exhibition, Education Department gallery, Sydney
* 1940, from 24 September: Victorian Artists Society Spring Exhibition, East Melbourne
* 1943, 20–31 July: Fifth annual exhibition of the Australian Academy of Art, opened by Robert Menzies. Melbourne Athenaeum
* 1947, from 18 August: Victorian Artists Society Annual Exhibition of Sculpture with 21 participants including Dutton, Andor Mezzaros, Arthur Fleischmann, Ray Ewers and George Allen, opened by Prof. Brian Lewis. Victorian Artists Society Galleries, East Melbourne
* 1948, from 12 May: Diocesan Centenary Celebrations contemporary religious art exhibition, opened by Cardinal Spellman. Lower Town Hall, Melbourne
* 1948, September: Victorian Artists Society Spring Show, Victorian Artists Society Galleries, East Melbourne
* 1948, from 15 November; *My Best Picture of the Year,* including paintings by Edward Heffernan, B. Fiven, Rollo Thomson, Orlando Dutton, Ian Bow, James Farrell, R. Malcolm Warner, Arnold Calder (stained glass design), and M. McChesney Mathews. Victorian Artists Society Galleries, East Melbourne
* 1949, from 15 August: Victorian Artists Society first portrait show, including works by R.H. Grieve, Fred Williams, Jan Nigro, Charles Bush and Murray Griffin, opened by its president James Quinn
* 1957, 7–29 December: Australian Artists’ Association exhibition, Imperial Institute Art Gallery, London (1 work)

## Awards

* 1938: Melrose Prize in Adelaide
* 1956: medal for sculpture exhibited during the Olympic Games held in Victoria

## Commissions

* 1922: Four bronze reliefs for WWI monument in Booleroo Centre, South Australia
* 1922: Soldier figure for Kapunda & District Fallen Soldiers Monument
* 1929 Four figures surrounding tower of St Paul's Cathedral, Melbourne (spire constructed 1926–31)
* 1930-31 Two identical sets of figures *Faith, Hope and Charity,* Manchester Unity Building, Melbourne
* 1930 Allegorical panel, façade of Castlemaine Art Museum
* 1932 Emblem for AMP Society Building, Melbourne
* 1933 reportedly produced a 'mural vase' in cement for Emily McPherson College, Melbourne. Whereabouts of work no longer known.
* 1937 Panels on Anzac House, Melbourne (beside some by Stanley Hammond))
* Stations of the Cross for St Teresa's Church, Essendon.
* Two panels at St John's Church of England, Toorak.
* Symbolic reliefs for National Bank, Melbourne.
* Symbol for Mutual Life and Citizens Assurance - since destroyed.

## Collections

* National Gallery of Victoria
* Art Gallery of South Australia
* Castlemaine Art Museum
* Victorian Artists' Society Collection
* University of Melbourne

## Memberships

* c. 1922 Royal South Australian Society of Arts (exhibited 1923).
* 1933-39 Victorian Sculptors' Society
* 1943 Made a member of the Australian Academy of Art
* Victorian Artists' Society. President 1946–47, Member until 1955.

## Publications

* Orlando Dutton *Recumbent Figures on Tombs in English Churches and Cathedrals*. Unpublished manuscript which cannot be located.
* Dutton, Orlando (April 1948). "Why Be A Sculptor". *The Australian Artist: A Journal of Modern Art*. **1** (3).

## InfoBox

| Orlando Dutton | |
| --- | --- |
| Orlando Dutton in 1915 (image courtesy Deborah Simpson) | |
| Born | (1894-04-01)1 April 1894<br>Walsall, United Kingdom |
| Died | 17 August 1962(1962-08-17) (aged 68)<br>Fairfield, Australia |
| Education | School of Art, Walsall. Apprentice to Robert Bridgeman |
| Known for | Sculpture, Painting |
| Movement | Art Deco |
| Spouse | Emma |
| Awards | 1938 Melrose Prize |


title: Upper Liard

abstract: Upper Liard is a chiefly First Nation settlement immediately west of Watson Lake in Canada's Yukon. It is situated at historical mile 642 of the Alaska Highway. Most of the residents are citizens of the Liard River First Nation, who also prominently populate the Two Mile area just north of Watson Lake.

text:
# Upper Liard

**Upper Liard** (pronounced "lee-ahrd") is a chiefly First Nation settlement immediately west of Watson Lake in Canada's Yukon. It is situated at historical mile 642 of the Alaska Highway. Most of the residents are citizens of the Liard River First Nation, who also prominently populate the Two Mile area just north of Watson Lake.

## Demographics

Federal census population history of Upper Liard
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1986 | 130 |  |
| 1991 | 162 | +24.6% |
| 1996 | 111 | −31.5% |
| 2001 | 159 | +43.2% |
| 2006 | 178 | +11.9% |
| 2011 | 132 | −25.8% |
| 2016 | 125 | −5.3% |
| 2021 | 130 | +4.0% |
| Source: Statistics Canada
 | | |

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Upper Liard had a population of 130 living in 55 of its 63 total private dwellings, a change of 4% from its 2016 population of 125. With a land area of 5.56 km2 (2.15 sq mi), it had a population density of 23.4/km2 (60.6/sq mi) in 2021.

60°03′03″N 128°54′29″W / 60.050798°N 128.908077°W / 60.050798; -128.908077


title: 1986 Hamilton Tiger-Cats season

abstract: The 1986 Hamilton Tiger-Cats season was the 29th season for the team in the Canadian Football League and their 37th overall. The Tiger-Cats finished in second place in the East Division with a 9–8–1 record and won the Grey Cup over the Edmonton Eskimos. Tiger-Cats owner Harold Ballard claimed to be losing a million dollars a year as owner of the Tiger-Cats. In 1986, Ballard publicly called the Tiger-Cats a bunch of overpaid losers. After the Tiger Cats beat the Toronto Argonauts in the 1986 Eastern Final, Ballard said "You guys may still be overpaid, but after today, no one can call you losers." A few days later, the Tiger-Cats won the 1986 Grey Cup by beating the Edmonton Eskimos 39–15 and Ballard said it was worth every penny. Mike Kerrigan and Paul Osbaldiston were in their first years with the Tiger-Cats.

text:
# 1986 Hamilton Tiger-Cats season

The **1986 Hamilton Tiger-Cats season** was the 29th season for the team in the Canadian Football League and their 37th overall. The Tiger-Cats finished in second place in the East Division with a 9–8–1 record and won the Grey Cup over the Edmonton Eskimos.

Tiger-Cats owner Harold Ballard claimed to be losing a million dollars a year as owner of the Tiger-Cats. In 1986, Ballard publicly called the Tiger-Cats a bunch of overpaid losers. After the Tiger Cats beat the Toronto Argonauts in the 1986 Eastern Final, Ballard said "You guys may still be overpaid, but after today, no one can call you losers." A few days later, the Tiger-Cats won the 1986 Grey Cup by beating the Edmonton Eskimos 39–15 and Ballard said it was worth every penny.

Mike Kerrigan and Paul Osbaldiston were in their first years with the Tiger-Cats.

## Preseason

| Game | Date | Opponent | Results | | Venue | Attendance |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | Score | Record | | |
| A | June 11 | vs. Toronto Argonauts | W 21–7 | 1–0 | Ivor Wynne Stadium | 17,750 |
| B | June 18 | at Ottawa Rough Riders | L 16–23 | 1–1 | Lansdowne Park | 13,621 |

## Regular season

### Season standings

**East Division**
| Team | GP | W | L | T | PF | PA | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Toronto Argonauts** | 18 | 10 | 8 | 0 | 417 | 441 | 20 |
| **Hamilton Tiger-Cats** | 18 | 9 | 8 | 1 | 405 | 366 | 19 |
| Montreal Alouettes | 18 | 4 | 14 | 0 | 320 | 500 | 8 |
| Ottawa Rough Riders | 18 | 3 | 14 | 1 | 346 | 514 | 7 |

### Season schedule

| Week | Game | Date | Opponent | Results | | Venue | Attendance |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | Score | Record | | |
| 1 | 1 | June 26 | at Toronto Argonauts | L 20–21 | 0–1 | Exhibition Stadium | 23,100 |
| 2 | 2 | July 3 | vs. Ottawa Rough Riders | L 2–18 | 0–2 | Ivor Wynne Stadium | 15,877 |
| 3 | 3 | July 12 | vs. Winnipeg Blue Bombers | W 28–11 | 1–2 | Ivor Wynne Stadium | 13,664 |
| 4 | 4 | July 18 | at Calgary Stampeders | L 21–23 | 1–3 | McMahon Stadium | 26,201 |
| 5 | 5 | July 25 | vs. BC Lions | L 21–36 | 1–4 | Ivor Wynne Stadium | 16,462 |
| 6 | *Bye* | | | | | | |
| 7 | 6 | Aug 7 | at Winnipeg Blue Bombers | L 30–36 | 1–5 | Winnipeg Stadium | 25,982 |
| 8 | 7 | Aug 16 | vs. Saskatchewan Roughriders | W 23–21 | 2–5 | Ivor Wynne Stadium | 14,907 |
| 9 | 8 | Aug 21 | at Montreal Alouettes | W 28–23 | 3–5 | Olympic Stadium | 12,158 |
| 10 | 9 | Sept 1 | vs. Montreal Alouettes | W 42–7 | 4–5 | Ivor Wynne Stadium | 23,185 |
| 11 | 10 | Sept 7 | at Toronto Argonauts | L 23–25 | 4–6 | Exhibition Stadium | 28,531 |
| 12 | 11 | Sept 14 | at Saskatchewan Roughriders | T 21–21 | 4–6–1 | Taylor Field | 18,565 |
| 13 | 12 | Sept 21 | vs. Calgary Stampeders | W 20–15 | 5–6–1 | Ivor Wynne Stadium | 15,105 |
| 14 | 13 | Sept 27 | at Ottawa Rough Riders | W 31–11 | 6–6–1 | Lansdowne Park | 17,192 |
| 15 | 14 | Oct 4 | vs. Edmonton Eskimos | L 23–24 | 6–7–1 | Ivor Wynne Stadium | 17,352 |
| 16 | 15 | Oct 10 | at Edmonton Eskimos | L 3–30 | 6–8–1 | Commonwealth Stadium | 38,385 |
| 17 | 16 | Oct 18 | at BC Lions | W 23–17 | 7–8–1 | BC Place | 40,127 |
| 18 | 17 | Oct 26 | vs. Toronto Argonauts | W 20–10 | 8–8–1 | Ivor Wynne Stadium | 24,430 |
| 19 | *Bye* | | | | | | |
| 20 | 18 | Nov 7 | vs. Ottawa Rough Riders | W 20–19 | 9–8–1 | Ivor Wynne Stadium | 14,101 |

## Playoffs

### Schedule

| Round | Date | Opponent | Results | | Venue | Attendance |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | Score | Record | | |
| Eastern Final #1 | Nov 16 | vs. Toronto Argonauts | L 17–31 | 0–1 | Ivor Wynne Stadium | 23,126 |
| Eastern Final #2 | Nov 23 | at Toronto Argonauts | W 42–25 | 1–1 | Exhibition Stadium | 32,041 |
| Grey Cup | Nov 30 | vs. Edmonton Eskimos | W 39–15 | 2–1 | BC Place | 59,621 |

#### Grey Cup

| Teams | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Final |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Edmonton Eskimos | 0 | 0 | 7 | 8 | 15 |
| **Hamilton Tiger-Cats** | 17 | 12 | 7 | 3 | **39** |

## InfoBox

| 1986 Hamilton Tiger-Cats season | |
| --- | --- |
| Head coach | Al Bruno |
| Home field | Ivor Wynne Stadium |
| Results | |
| Record | **9–8–1** |
| Division place | **2nd, East** |
| Playoff finish | **Won Grey Cup** |
| Team MOP | Less Browne |
| Team MOC | Rocky DiPietro |
| Team MOR | Paul Osbaldiston |
| Uniform | |
|  | |
|


title: Sultan Agung Mataram 1628

abstract: Sultan Agung Mataram 1628 is a 2018 Indonesian historical film directed by Hanung Bramantyo. The film is about Sultan Agung Hanyakrakusuma (1593–1646), third king of the Mataram Sultanate, who reigned between 1613 and 1646.

text:
# Sultan Agung Mataram 1628

***Sultan Agung Mataram 1628*** is a 2018 Indonesian historical film directed by Hanung Bramantyo.

The film is about Sultan Agung Hanyakrakusuma (1593–1646), third king of the Mataram Sultanate, who reigned between 1613 and 1646.

## Production

Zainal Darma Abidin researched the background to the movie for four years from 2007 until 2011 in order to create the film. The research took place in Leiden University, the Amsterdam Museum, the remains of Mataram in Kota Gede, Yogya and Kartasura Palace, Imogiri Kings Cemetery, Jakarta Old City and Sunda Kelapa port, the remains of the Batavia Castle, as well as discussion with historians.


title: William Motti

abstract: William Motti is a retired French decathlete. His personal best of 8327 points were achieved at the Europa cup in Arles (FR)1987.

text:
# William Motti

**William Motti** (born 25 July 1964 in Bondy) is a retired French decathlete.

His personal best of 8327 points were achieved at the Europa cup in Arles (FR)1987.

## Achievements

| Year | Tournament | Venue | Result | Event |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1981 | European Junior Championships | Utrecht, Netherlands | 2nd | High jump |
| 1984 | Olympic Games | Los Angeles, United States | 5th | Decathlon |
| 1987 | World Championships | Rome, Italy | 10th | Decathlon |
| 1992 | Olympic Games | Barcelona, Spain | 7th | Decathlon |
| 1993 | World Indoor Championships | Toronto, Canada | 6th | Heptathlon |