title: Yoram Gross

abstract: Yoram Jerzy Gross was a Polish-born, Australian film and television producer, animation director, and writer of children's and family entertainment. He founded the animation studio Flying Bark Productions. He was known for his adaptation of children's characters from books and films, and best known for the production of the films Dot and the Kangaroo and Blinky Bill: The Mischievous Koala.

text:
# Yoram Gross

**Yoram Jerzy Gross** AM (18 October 1926  21 September 2015) was a Polish-born, Australian film and television producer, animation director, and writer of children's and family entertainment. He founded the animation studio Flying Bark Productions.

He was known for his adaptation of children's characters from books and films, and best known for the production of the films *Dot and the Kangaroo* and *Blinky Bill: The Mischievous Koala*.

## Early life

Gross was born in Kraków, Poland to a religious Jewish family and was the brother of the film director Natan Gross.

Gross endured World War II under the Nazi regime. His family was on Oskar Schindler's list, but chose to make their own risky escape, moving hiding places 72 times.

Gross studied music and musicology at the Jagiellonian University in Krakow (also known as Krakow University). He first entered the film industry in 1947 at the age of 20 when he became one of the first students of Jerzy Toeplitz (founder of the Polish Film Institute, the Swiss Film Institute and the Australian Film and Television School).

## Early career

Gross began his career as an assistant to Polish directors Eugene Cenkalski and Leonard Buczkowski as well as the Dutch director Joris Ivens and studied script writing under Carl Foreman.

In 1950 Gross moved from Poland to Israel, where he worked as a newsreel and documentary cameraman. He then became an independent film producer and director and began winning prizes at international film festivals.

His full-length feature, *Joseph the Dreamer* (1962), a biblical story, received special prizes in many countries. His experimental film *Chansons Sans Paroles* (1958) was heralded by some international film critics as the most interesting film of 1959. Another comedy, *One Pound Only* (1964), set the box office record of the year.

## Australian career

In 1967 Gross, his wife Sandra and young family migrated to Australia and lived in Sydney. They established Yoram Gross Film Studio in their house, as remote workers. Gross continued to make experimental films and to win awards. He originally produced film clips for the popular weekly television music program *Bandstand* for such artists as John Farnham. At the Sydney Film Festival in 1970, he was awarded second prize for *The Politicians* in the category of best Australian-made film, and at the 1971 Australian Film Awards, his film *To Nefertiti* won the bronze award.

### Animated films and TV series

After 1977 Gross devoted his energies to animated films and series, but maintained an interest in experimental films with awards to assist young filmmakers including the *Yoram Gross Award for Best Animated Film* at the Sydney Film Festival and the *Yoram Gross Best Animation Award* at the Flickerfest International Film Festival. Gross wrote a book on making animated films, titled *The First Animated Step* (1975) and produced a film of the same title.

#### Dot series

The first animated feature film produced by the Yoram Gross Film Studio, called *Dot and the Kangaroo* (1977), used a special aerial image technique of drawings over live action backgrounds. The film was based on an Australian classic best seller by Ethel Pedley, and was described by ABC film critic John Hinde as a "brilliant technical success and the best cartoon film originated in Australia". It won Best Children's Film in Tehran and also won a Sammy Award for the Best Animated Film at the 1978 Australian Film Institute Television Awards.

Gross went on to produce, direct, and script a total of 16 feature films for 19 children. Eight films featuring the adventures of Dot from the original film *Dot and the Kangaroo*. *Dot and the Bunny* (1984) was the winner of the 1983 Best Animated Film at the 28th Asia Pacific Film Festival, and *Dot and Keeto* (1985) won the Red Ribbon Award at the 1986 American Film and Video Festival.

Coinciding with the release of the films, Gross also published books based on the films *Dot and the Kangaroo*, *The Little Convict* and *Save the Lady*.

#### Magic Riddle

Gross's 1991 animated film *The Magic Riddle* was based on an original story and is a mixture of fairy tales from Hans Christian Andersen, the Brothers Grimm, and others.

#### Blinky Bill

In 1992 Gross released *Blinky Bill: The Mischievous Koala*, based on the Australian children's classic by Dorothy Wall. This film featured an Australian koala and introduced Blinky Bill to an international audience. Blinky Bill generated one of Australia's most successful merchandising programs, bringing in millions of dollars in export earnings.

In 1993 Yoram Gross Film Studio diversified into animated series for television. The first two of the *Blinky Bill* series, *The Adventures of Blinky Bill* and *Blinky Bill's Extraordinary Excursion*, totalled 52 half-hour episodes and achieved significant international success, particularly in Europe.

After *Blinky Bill*, Gross co-produced the series *Tabaluga* (26 half hours) with EM.TV & Merchandising AG, which became a top-rated children's show in Germany. An animated series adapting Australia's best-known kangaroo, *Skippy*, was completed in 1998, whereupon the studio commenced the animation of *Flipper and Lopaka*. Both series comprise 26 half-hour episodes.

### Later career

In March 1999, EM.TV a 50% share ownership in Yoram Gross Film Studio acquired from Village Roadshow Limited to form Yoram Gross-EM.TV Pty Ltd (YGEM) was created. This new partnership marked the transition from a family business to a world brand. EM.TV and YGEM committed to the production of 10 new series over the next five years.

In the following year the studio worked with the Canadian Nelvana to plan an animated adaptation of Dav Pilkey's *Dumb Bunnies*.

The new millennium cemented Gross and EM.TV's position as the number-one family entertainment business in the Australian country and supplier of quality children's content to the world. The studio completed a second series of both *Tabaluga* and *Flipper and Lopaka*, as well as a brand new series, *Old Tom*.

The Seven Network programmed a dedicated block of television produced by Yoram Gross – a fulfilment of its commitment to screen quality 'C classified' drama for children. Gross and EM.TV also launched the Junior TV channel in Germany, but shut down in many years later.

Gross's autobiography, *My Animated Life*, was released in April 2011.

## Death

Gross died in Sydney at the age of 88 on 21 September 2015.

## Honours and recognition

Gross won more than 80 international awards for his various films.

Gross was honoured in the 1995 Australia Day Honours with a Member of the Order of Australia for his services to the Australian film industry, particularly in animation techniques.

Gross celebrated his 60th anniversary in the film industry in May 2007. To celebrate the milestone, the New South Wales Film and Television Office honoured him by hosting a special retrospective screening of his career highlights, including the screening of Gross's most recent project, *Autumn in Krakow*, a poignant short film on his home town of Kraków, based on his late brother Nathan's poetry. In 2011, Gross was awarded the Commander's Cross with Star of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland and the Medal for Merit to polish Culture – "Gloria Artis"..

For users in four countries: Australia, Greece, Germany, and Israel, a Google Doodle was made for what would have been his 95th birthday to celebrate his life and works.

## Filmography

### Feature films

| Year | Title | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1962 | *Joseph the Dreamer* |  |
| 1964 | *One Pound Only* |  |
| 1977 | *Dot and the Kangaroo* |  |
| 1979 | *The Little Convict* | AKA *Toby and the Koala* |
| 1981 | *Around the World with Dot* | AKA *Dot and Santa Claus* |
| 1982 | *Sarah* | AKA *Sarah (The Seventh Match)* and *Sarah and the Squirrel* |
| 1983 | *Dot and the Bunny* |  |
| 1984 | *The Camel Boy* |  |
| | *Epic* | AKA *Epic: Days of the Dinosaur* |
| 1985 | *Dot and the Koala* |  |
| 1986 | *Dot and Keeto* |  |
| | *Dot and the Whale* |  |
| 1987 | *Dot and the Smugglers* | AKA *Dot and the Bunyip* |
| | *Dot Goes to Hollywood* |  |
| 1991 | *The Magic Riddle* |  |
| 1992 | *Blinky Bill: The Mischievous Koala* |  |
| 1994 | *Dot in Space* |  |
| 1999 | *Skippy Saves Bushtown* |  |
| 2005 | *Tabaluga and Leo* |  |
| | *Blinky Bill's White Christmas* |  |
| 2006 | *Flipper and Lopaka: The Feature* |  |
| 2007 | *Gumnutz: A Juicy Tale* |  |
| 2010 | *Santa's Apprentice* |  |
| 2011 | *Blinky & Me* |  |
| 2015 | *Blinky Bill the Movie* |  |

### TV series

### Short films

* *Chansons Sans Paroles* (1958)
* *Song Without Words* (1958)
* *Hava Nagila* (1959)
* *We Shall Never Die* (1959)
* *Bon Appetit* (1969)
* Barry Crocker's *Danny Boy* (1970)
* Janice Slater's *Call It What You May* (1970)
* John Farnham's *One* (1970)
* *The Politicians* (1970)
* *To Nefertiti* (1971)
* *Seasons* (1972)
* *Sun* (1975)
* *Professor Filutek* (1999)
* *The Naked Tree* (2003)
* *Autumn in Krakow* (2007)
* *Fuchsia Ballerinas* (2007)
* *Young Musicians* (2007–2008)
* *Don't Forget...* (2010)
* *Why...* (2010)
* *Forest Holocaust* (2011)
* *Sentenced To Death* (2011)
* *The Liar* (2012)
* *Kaddish* (2013)

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Yoram GrossAM | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Yoram Jerzy Gross
(1926-10-18)18 October 1926
Kraków, Second Polish Republic |
| Died | 21 September 2015(2015-09-21) (aged 88)
Sydney, Australia |
| Occupation(s) | Animation director and founder of Flying Bark Productions |
| Years active | 1947–2015 |
| Spouse | Sandra Gross |


title: Mathilde Wurm

abstract: Mathilde Wurm was a German politician, social worker and journalist. She represented the Social Democratic Party of Germany and the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany in the Reichstag from 1920 to 1933.

text:
# Mathilde Wurm

**Mathilde Wurm** (30 September 1874, Frankfurt am Main – 31 March or 1 April 1935) was a German politician, social worker and journalist. She represented the Social Democratic Party of Germany and the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany in the Reichstag from 1920 to 1933.

## Life and career

Wurm was born Mathilde Adler in 1874 to a Jewish family in Frankfurt am Main. She moved to Berlin and began working as a social worker in 1896. She was particularly interested in helping girls to receive vocational training, which led to her co-founding Berlin's first apprenticeship placement and counselling service for female school-leavers. In 1904 she married Emanuel Wurm, a journalist who later entered politics.

Wurm was involved in socialist circles from a young age, and was a longstanding member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SDP). After marriage, she mainly worked as a journalist and was active in the women's movement of the SPD, through which she regularly corresponded with Rosa Luxemburg, Clara Zetkin and Luise Kautsky. In 1919 she was elected to the Berliner Stadtverordnetenversammlung (Berlin City Council). When her husband Emanuel died in 1920, Mathilde assumed his seat in the Reichstag Ministry of Food under the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (USPD).

Wurm retained her seat in the Reichstag—alternately as a member of both the SPD and USPD—until the dissolution of the Weimar Republic in 1933. During 1922 and 1923 she edited the USPD magazine *Die Kämpferin* (*The Female Fighter*), later named *Die Gleichheit* (*Equality*), and although she was not religious, she remained active in the Berlin Jewish community until 1924.

## Exile

When Adolf Hitler came into power in 1933, Wurm initially remained in Germany to defend her constituents. However her property was confiscated and she became homeless, often spending the night on a train. She left Germany for Switzerland in May 1933, where she stayed with her sister, Josephine Cohn, for eight months. She scraped a living as a typist before moving to London on 3 February 1934 to visit her nephew Arthur Campbell. In London, she lived with fellow political activist and émigré Dora Fabian firstly in a flat on Guilford Street.

## Death

Wurm and Fabian were found dead in their flat at 12, Great Ormond Street, Bloomsbury, on 4 April 1935 and were found to have died either on 31 March or on 1 April 1935. While suicide was suspected, the deaths were treated as suspicious.

The case was covered in the British press and presumed to have been a double suicide by barbitone poisoning. Due to the suspicious circumstances surrounding the two women's deaths and the lack of a motive, some observers suggested that they had been killed by Gestapo officers, but a coroner's inquest resulted in a verdict of "suicide while of unsound mind".


title: Fremdsprachen und Hochschule

abstract: Fremdsprachen und Hochschule is a triannual academic journal published by the German Association of University Language Centers.

text:
# Fremdsprachen und Hochschule

***Fremdsprachen und Hochschule*** (*Foreign Languages and University*) is a triannual academic journal published by the German Association of University Language Centers.

## History

The journal was created in 1968 under the title *AKS-Rundbrief* (= AKS-Circular) by the German Association of University Language Centers. Being a practice-oriented journal in the first phase of its existence, it has developed into an academic, at times empirical, journal throughout the years.

## Content and scope

*Fremdsprachen und Hochschule* covers second language acquisition, language education, and applied linguistics, with English, French, Spanish, Italian, and German as foreign languages being the potential target languages. Intercultural analyses represent an important part as well. Publication languages are German as well as any of the languages mentioned above.

## Publication and editors

*Fremdsprachen und Hochschule* is published triannually by the German Association of Language Centers, which is a sub-organization of the European Association of Language Centers. There are three editors, with manuscripts requiring two positive votes.

## Article types

In addition to academic articles, book reviews on relevant publications, including newly published textbooks, are also included. In addition, the journal publishes calls for papers and academic conference announcements. The journal also serves as an information and publication platform for UNIcert \- the international education and certification system for foreign languages taught at universities, which was founded in Germany and whose headquarters are located there.

## InfoBox

*Fremdsprachen und Hochschule*
| Discipline | Language education |
| --- | --- |
| Language | English |
| Publication details | |
| History | 1968–present |
| Publisher | German Association of University Language Centers |
| Frequency | Triannual |
| Standard abbreviations<br> | |
| ISO 4 | *Fremdspr. Hochsch.* |
| Links | |
|  | |


abstract: Opened in 1984, the University of South Florida College of Public Health, offers master's degrees in Public Health (MPH), a Master of Science in Public Health (MSPH) which is a more academic and research oriented master's degree, and a master's degree in Health Administration (MHA), along with a doctorate (PhD) in Public Health and several dual degrees in collaboration with other colleges- most notably the dual PhD/MPH program in Applied Anthropology. The MHA in Public Health Practice is an innovative program for health professionals which can be attained through weekend executive or distance learning format. The college offers classes at the north Tampa, Florida campus and at satellite locations throughout Florida. Using the Internet, the Distance Learning Program gives students anywhere in Florida, at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, Georgia and in Belize the opportunity to complete selected courses or earn the MPH degree in Public Health Practice.

text:
# University of South Florida College of Public Health

Opened in 1984, the **University of South Florida College of Public Health**, offers master's degrees in Public Health (MPH), a Master of Science in Public Health (MSPH) which is a more academic and research oriented master's degree, and a master's degree in Health Administration (MHA), along with a doctorate (PhD) in Public Health and several dual degrees in collaboration with other colleges- most notably the dual PhD/MPH program in Applied Anthropology. The MHA in Public Health Practice is an innovative program for health professionals which can be attained through weekend executive or distance learning format.

The college offers classes at the north Tampa, Florida campus and at satellite locations throughout Florida. Using the Internet, the Distance Learning Program gives students anywhere in Florida, at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, Georgia and in Belize the opportunity to complete selected courses or earn the MPH degree in Public Health Practice.

## Academics

University of South Florida College of Public Health, along with the University of Florida and FIU are the only public health colleges in Florida accredited by the Council on Education for Public Health. It has 5 main departments:

* *The Community and Family Health Department* offers degrees in Maternal and Child Health, Public Health Education, Behavioral Health, Socio-Health Sciences, and Community and Family Health.
* *The Environmental and Occupational Health Department* offers degrees in Environmental Health, Toxicology and Risk Assessment, Safety Management, Industrial Hygiene, and Occupational Health.
* *The Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department* offers degrees in Epidemiology and Biostatistics along with combined degrees in Epidemiology and Biostatistics as well as Epidemiology and Global Health.
* *The Global Health Department* offers degrees in Global Communicable Disease, Global Disaster Management & Humanitarian Relief, Global Health Practice, and a combined degree in Epidemiology and Global Health.
* *The Health Policy and Management* offers degrees in Health Policy and Management, Health Administration, Health Care Organization and Management, Public Health Administration, and Health Policies and Programs.
* The school also offers college wide degrees in Public Health Practices and Masters International Peace Corps Program.

## Research

The college's population-based research helps to promote health and prevent disease across the life span in Florida and the global community. The college's research centers include the following:

* Center for Biological Defense
* Global Center for Disaster Management and Humanitarian Action
* The Florida Prevention Research Center
* Harrell Center for the Study of Family Violence
* Center for Positive Health
* Center for Leadership in Public Health Practice
* Sunshine Education and Research Center
* Center for Health, HIV/AIDS Research and Training in India (CHART)
* Lawton and Rhea Chiles Center for Healthy Mothers and Babies
* OSHA Training Institute Education Center

Surveys:

* The USF College of Public Health completed a survey in The Villages returned by more than 33,000 individuals – the largest ever single health survey of older Americans. The study will be used to help understand optimum ways to improve and maintain senior health.

## Online Programs

The College of Public Health offers a variety of graduate degrees and certificate programs in an online format to suit the needs of the off-campus student. All online degree and certificate programs are designed by program faculty who work with instructional designers in the college's office of Educational Technology and Assessment (ETA). Each year ETA supports over 5000 student enrollments in graduate and undergraduate online public health courses. Faculty work with a skilled group of instructional designers and multimedia experts to deliver courses using multimedia technologies such streaming media, web conferencing, blogs, wikis, podcasts and discussion forums.

**Master of Public Health (MPH) Degree Programs**

* MPH with a Concentration in Public Health Practice
* MPH with a Concentration in Public Health Administration
* MPH with a Concentration in Global Disaster Management and Humanitarian Relief
* MPH with a Concentration in Epidemiology
* MPH with a Concentration in Infection Control (online) – admitting students Fall 2013
* MPH with a Concentration in Health, Safety & Environment (online) – admitting students Spring 2013

**Graduate Certificates**

* Public Health Generalist
* Concepts and Tools Of Epidemiology
* Disaster Management
* Humanitarian Assistance
* Infection Control
* Maternal and Child Health Epidemiology
* Public Health Policy and Programs
* Social Marketing
* Applied Biostatistics
* Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases

## Hinks & Elaine Shimberg Health Science Library

Founded in 1971, the Hinks & Elaine Shimberg Health Science Library serves the University of South Florida College of Medicine, the University of South Florida College of Nursing, and the University of South Florida College of Public Health.

## InfoBox

University of South Florida College of Public Health
| Type | Public |
| --- | --- |
| Established | 1984 |
| Dean | Donna J. Petersen, MHS, ScD |
| Academic staff | 170 |
| Administrative staff | 122 |
| Students | 1,251 for 2012-2013
570 B.S., 430 MPH, MSPH, MHA
99 Ph.D., DrPH, 152 Certificate Students |
| Location | Tampa, Florida, USA |
| Campus | Urban |
| Colors | Green and Gold |
| Nickname | Bulls |
| Mascot | Rocky D. Bull |
| Website | http://health.usf.edu/publichealth/ |


title: List of mayors of Shiraz

abstract: This is a list of mayors of Shiraz. It is the sixth most populous city in Iran and is the capital of Fars Province. The city's 2009 population was 1,455,073. Shiraz is located in the southwest of Iran on the Roodkhaneye Khoshk.

text:
# List of mayors of Shiraz

This is a **list of mayors of Shiraz**. It is the sixth most populous city in Iran and is the capital of Fars Province. The city's 2009 population was 1,455,073. Shiraz is located in the southwest of Iran on the Roodkhaneye Khoshk (Dry river).

## Qajar dynasty

1. Habib Allah Khan Haj Ghavam Divan (1911)
2. Mostashir-o-Saltaneh Ghavami (1917-1923)
3. (?) Ghavami (1923)

## Pahlavi dynasty

1. Mirza Khan Sheibani (1926-1927)
2. Amir Nosrat Khajeh Noori (1927)
3. Lotf-Ali Moadel (Moadel-o-Saltaneh) (1927-1928)
4. Ghasem Nam-Avar (1928-1929)
5. Ali Asghar Hejazi (1941)
6. Mohammad Kazem Hakimi (1941)
7. Ahmad Ali Bani-Adam (1943-1944)
8. Hesam-o-Din Arefi (1944-1945)
9. Seyed Mohammad Taghi Golestan (1945-1946)
10. Ahmad Khosro Pisheh (1946)
11. Mohammad Hassan Khan Behbahani (1946)
12. Morteza Khan Hekmat (1947-1950)
13. Mohammad Gholi Khan Ghavami (1950-1954)
14. Siavash Kargar (1954)
15. Heshmat-Allah Emami (1954-1955)
16. Aziz Allah Ghavami (1955)
17. General (?) Ghavami (1956)
18. General Seyf Allah Hemmat (1956-1960)
19. Seyed Ali Atri (1960-1961)
20. Gholam Reza Dabiran (1961-1963)
21. Iraj Merzad (1963)
22. Mohammad Ali Pour-Babaei (1966-1967)
23. Aman Allah Safaei (1967-1968)
24. Habib Allah Behbahani (1968-1970)
25. Ezzat Allah Tir-Andaz (1970)
26. Fath-Ali Amir Ebrahimi (1970-1972)
27. Iraj Atarod (1972)
28. Rahmat Allah Izedi (1972-1973)
29. Hadi Shapourian (1973-1975)
30. Fereydoun Movahhedi (1976-1977)
31. Seyed Mehdi Abtahi (1977-1979)

## Islamic Republic

1. Enayatollah Khaledi (1979)
2. Mohammad Ali Mo'takef (1979-1980)
3. Enayat Allah Sanaee (1980-1981)
4. Abol Ghasem Kharazmi (1981-1982)
5. Seyed Hossein Faghihi (1982-1983)
6. Mohammad Javad Ranaee Far (1983-1985)
7. Mohammad Kasraee (1985)
8. Mohammad Javad Ranaee Far (1985-1986)
9. Asad Alah Abedi (1986-1988)
10. Samad Raja (1988)
11. Mohammad Sadegh Kiyani Nejad (1988)
12. Samad Raja (1988-1993)
13. Mohammad Mehdi Ghahramani (1993-1995)
14. Mohammad Zand Vakili (1995-1997)
15. Faraj Alah Rajabi (1997-2003)
16. Samad Raja (2003-2005)
17. Jafar Ghaderi (2005-2007)
18. Reza Kheir Andish (2007)
19. Mehran Etemadi (2007-2010)
20. Alireza Pakfetrat (2010-2017)
21. Heydar Eskandarpour (2017-2021)
22. Ehsan Asnafi (2021-2022)
23. Mohammad Hassan Asadi (2022-*Present*)


title: Marginella natalcinerea

abstract: Marginella natalcinerea is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Marginellidae, the margin snails.

text:
# Marginella natalcinerea

***Marginella natalcinerea*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Marginellidae, the margin snails.

## Description

## Distribution

## InfoBox

| *Marginella natalcinerea* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Family: | Marginellidae |
| Genus: | *Marginella* |
| Species: | ***M. natalcinerea*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Marginella natalcinerea***<br>Massier, 1993 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Marginella dawnae* Liltved & Millard, 1994 | |


title: Viola pedata

abstract: Viola pedata, the birdsfoot violet, bird's-foot violet, or mountain pansy, is a violet native to sandy areas in central and eastern North America.

text:
# Viola pedata

***Viola pedata***, the **birdsfoot violet**, **bird's-foot violet**, or **mountain pansy**, is a violet native to sandy areas in central and eastern North America.

## Varieties

Two primary color forms exist, *Viola pedata* var. *lineariloba* ("concolor"), which is a solid pink-lilac-lavender color, and var. *pedata* ("bicolor"), in which the superior petals are a deep red-purple and the lateral and interior petals are similar to the concolor variety. Less common is *Viola pedata* var. *linearloba* forma *alba*, which is a white flowered form.

## Cultivation

Birdsfoot violet favors well drained, acidic soils in full to partial sun environments. It is difficult to cultivate in typical garden environments because it does not tolerate rich, organic garden soils and excess moisture.

* Blanchan, Neltje (2005). *Wild Flowers Worth Knowing*. Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.

Media related to Viola pedata at Wikimedia Commons  Data related to Viola pedata at Wikispecies

## InfoBox

| *Viola pedata* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Photographed in Hobbs State Park / Conservation Management Area, northwestern Arkansas | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Secure  (NatureServe) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Malpighiales |
| Family: | Violaceae |
| Genus: | *Viola* |
| Species: | ***V. pedata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Viola pedata***
L. | |
|


title: Mordellistena carinatipennis

abstract: Mordellistena carinatipennis is a beetle in the genus Mordellistena of the family Mordellidae. It was described in 1944 by Ray.

text:
# Mordellistena carinatipennis

***Mordellistena carinatipennis*** is a beetle in the genus *Mordellistena* of the family Mordellidae. It was described in 1944 by Ray.

## InfoBox

| *Mordellistena carinatipennis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Mordellidae |
| Genus: | *Mordellistena* |
| Species: | ***M. carinatipennis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mordellistena carinatipennis***<br>Ray, 1944 | |
|


title: Marcella Lotti della Santa

abstract: Marcella Lotti della Santa was an Italian opera singer who had an active international career during the 1850s and 1860s. One of her nation's leading sopranos, she drew particular acclaim for her portrayal of Verdi heroines. She was married to baritone Luigi della Santa.

text:
# Marcella Lotti della Santa

**Marcella Lotti della Santa** (sometimes incorrectly called Marcellina) (September 1831 – 9 February 1901) was an Italian opera singer who had an active international career during the 1850s and 1860s. One of her nation's leading sopranos, she drew particular acclaim for her portrayal of Verdi heroines. She was married to baritone Luigi della Santa.

## Biography

Born Marcella Lotti in Mantua, Lotti della Santa studied singing with Alberto Mazzucato in Milan before making her professional opera debut in 1850 in Constantinople with a traveling Italian opera troupe as Alice in Meyerbeer's *Robert le Diable*. She quickly became one of the leading sopranos in Italy. As early as 1852 she was starring in operas at La Scala and the Teatro Carlo Felice. At La Scala she drew particular acclaim for her portrayal of Odabella in Giuseppe Verdi's *Attila*.

On 16 August 1857, Lotti della Santa sang Mina in the world premiere of Verdi's *Aroldo* for the opening of the Teatro Nuovo in Rimini. From 1857 to 1858 she appeared as a guest at the Mariinsky Theatre in St. Petersburg and in 1860 she was a guest artist at Her Majesty's Theatre in London. She was highly active at the Teatro di San Carlo in Naples during the years 1862, 1866 and 1869–1870, singing such roles as Marguerite di Valois *Les Huguenots* and Princess Eudoxie in *La Juive*. While there she notably created parts in several world premieres, including the title heroines in Saverio Mercadante's *Virginia* (1866), Errico Petrella's *Giovanna di Napoli* (1869), and Gaetano Donizetti's *Gabriella di Vergy* (1869). She had further success at La Scala from 1863 to 1865.

Lotti della Santa retired from the stage around 1870 in order to manage her family. She died in Paratico at the age of 69.


title: Yetmen

abstract: Yetmen is a town in west-central Ethiopia. Located in the Misraq Gojjam Zone of the Amhara Region on the hillside overlooking the Abay River, it has a latitude and longitude of 10°20′N 38°8′E and an elevation of 2396 meters above sea level. It is one of two towns in Enemay woreda. In 1996, the people in Yetmen got access to clean drinking water. Many people in the urban site have their own piped water supply, while many people in the rural site use their own water wells for many household chores. The following year, electricity was provided to the town as well as nearby rural houses. An all-weather road crosses Yetmen, connecting the town to Bichena, the administrative center of the woreda, to the north and to Dejen in the opposite direction. The town has a market which was held three days a week in 2005: on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturday. Yetmen was founded shortly after the establishment of a Swedish-built elementary school in 1968, which has since been upgraded to a junior high school. A clinic was built in 1991, and a veterinary clinic opened ten years later. A survey performed in 2005 revealed that the inhabitants have a plan to upgrade Yetmen's status to a municipal town, believing that this will provide opportunities for non-farming activities, thus improving the lives of the people including the farmers.

text:
# Yetmen

**Yetmen** (Amharic: የትመን) is a town in west-central Ethiopia. Located in the Misraq Gojjam Zone of the Amhara Region on the hillside overlooking the Abay River, it has a latitude and longitude of 10°20′N 38°8′E / 10.333°N 38.133°E / 10.333; 38.133 and an elevation of 2396 meters above sea level. It is one of two towns in Enemay woreda.

In 1996, the people in Yetmen got access to clean drinking water. Many people in the urban site have their own piped water supply, while many people in the rural site use their own water wells for many household chores. The following year, electricity was provided to the town as well as nearby rural houses. An all-weather road crosses Yetmen, connecting the town to Bichena, the administrative center of the woreda, to the north and to Dejen in the opposite direction. The town has a market which was held three days a week in 2005: on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturday .

Yetmen was founded shortly after the establishment of a Swedish-built elementary school in 1968, which has since been upgraded to a junior high school. A clinic was built in 1991, and a veterinary clinic opened ten years later. A survey performed in 2005 revealed that the inhabitants have a plan to upgrade Yetmen's status to a municipal town, believing that this will provide opportunities for non-farming activities, thus improving the lives of the people including the farmers.

## Demographics

Based on figures from the Central Statistical Agency in 2005, Yetmen has an estimated total population of 2,896, of whom 1,382 are men and 1,514 are women. The 1994 census reported this town had a total population of 1,676 of whom 727 were men and 949 were women. The largest ethnic group reported in this town was the Amhara, and the majority of the inhabitants spoke Amharic (99.64%). The majority of the inhabitants practiced Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, with 98.27% reporting that as their religion, while 0.73% were Muslim.

## InfoBox

| Yetmen | |
| --- | --- |
| YetmenLocation in Ethiopia | |
| Coordinates: 10°20′N 38°8′E / 10.333°N 38.133°E / 10.333; 38.133 | |
| Country | Ethiopia |
| Region | Amhara Region |
| Zone | Misraq Gojjam Zone |
| Elevation | 2,541 m (8,337 ft) |
| Population (2005) | |
| Total | 2,896 (est) |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (EAT) |


title: Maryland Route 223

abstract: Maryland Route 223 is a state highway in the U.S. state of Maryland. The state highway runs 12.65 miles (20.36 km) from a dead end near Livingston Road in Piscataway north to Mellwood Road in Melwood. MD 223 passes through suburban areas of southern Prince George's County, including the community of Woodyard south of Andrews Air Force Base between MD 5 in Clinton and MD 4 in Melwood. The highway was constructed from Clinton to near Piscataway in the 1920s and early 1930s. MD 223 was extended west to Livingston Road in Piscataway and east to MD 4 in the mid-1950s. MD 223's interchanges with MD 4 and MD 5 were built in the mid-1960s and early 1990s, respectively.

text:
# Maryland Route 223

**Maryland Route 223** (**MD 223**) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Maryland. The state highway runs 12.65 miles (20.36 km) from a dead end near Livingston Road in Piscataway north to Mellwood Road in Melwood. MD 223 passes through suburban areas of southern Prince George's County, including the community of Woodyard south of Andrews Air Force Base between MD 5 in Clinton and MD 4 in Melwood. The highway was constructed from Clinton to near Piscataway in the 1920s and early 1930s. MD 223 was extended west to Livingston Road in Piscataway and east to MD 4 in the mid-1950s. MD 223's interchanges with MD 4 and MD 5 were built in the mid-1960s and early 1990s, respectively.

## Route description

MD 223 begins at a dead end next to a barrier adjacent to county-maintained Livingston Road. The state highway heads northeast as two-lane undivided Floral Park Road. MD 223 turns north onto Piscataway Road at the four-way intersection with that highway; Floral Park Road continues east toward Brandywine. Piscataway Road is used to access Livingston Road from MD 223. The state highway crosses Piscataway Creek and continues northeast through a mix of forest and residential subdivisions. MD 223 intersects Tippett Road, which heads south toward the historic home Wyoming, southeast of the Washington Executive Airport. The state highway expands to a four-lane undivided highway as it enters Clinton, where the highway passes north of Surrattsville High School and the Surratt House Museum and intersects the old alignment of MD 5, which heads north as Old Branch Avenue and south as Brandywine Road. MD 223 enters a commercial area and expands to a divided highway around its single-point urban interchange with MD 5 (Branch Avenue).

MD 223 continues east from MD 5 as two-lane Woodyard Road. The state highway intersects Dangerfield Road and Old Alexandria Ferry Road in the hamlet of Coles Corner. MD 223 continues east to the community of Woodyard, where the highway passes the historic home His Lordship's Kindness and crosses the upper reaches of Piscataway Creek. MD 223 turns north to continue on Woodyard Road at its intersection with Rosaryville Road, which heads southeast toward the village of Rosaryville and Rosaryville State Park. The state highway gradually curves to the north through the community of Melwood. MD 223 expands to a four-lane divided highway right before its intersection with the old alignment of MD 4, Marlboro Pike. The state highway, now named Mellwood Road, meets MD 4 (Pennsylvania Avenue) at a partial cloverleaf interchange, then immediately intersects Old Marlboro Pike, which leads east to the historic home Melwood Park. MD 223 reaches its northern terminus immediately to the north where Mellwood Road rapidly reduces from a divided highway to a very narrow, forest-lined, two-lane undivided county highway.

MD 223 is a part of the National Highway System as a principal arterial from its southern terminus to MD 4.

## History

The first section of what became MD 223 was improved as a gravel road from the Southern Maryland Road (now Old Branch Avenue) in Clinton southwest to Steed Road by 1921. The gravel road was extended to southwest of Tippett Road in 1924. The portion of Piscataway Road between the west end of MD 223 and Livingston Road, which was constructed as MD 224, was improved as a county highway by 1930. MD 223 was extended southwest to Parker Lane northeast of Piscataway in 1933. In 1947 and 1948, the portion of Woodyard Road between MD 4 (now Marlboro Pike) and Dower House Road, then still a county highway, was improved as a gravel road. MD 223 was extended on both ends in 1955. On the west, the highway was extended southwest to Livingston Road, which ceased to be part of MD 224 the same year. On the east, the highway was extended northeast along Woodyard Road from Clinton to MD 4 (now Marlboro Pike) at Melwood.

When the MD 4 freeway was completed through Melwood in 1964, MD 223 was extended north along Melwood Road, which was reconstructed as a divided highway, to its present terminus. The highway was expanded to a divided highway on either side of MD 5 in 1989. MD 223's single-point urban interchange with MD 5 was constructed in 1992. Piscataway Road was extended south from Floral Park Road to Livingston Road as a county highway in 2007. In 2011, a barrier was constructed at the western end of MD 223 at Livingston Road, making Floral Park Road a dead end; through traffic now uses the county-maintained portion of Piscataway Road to reach Livingston Road. MD 223 was relocated at its intersection with Rosaryville Road in 2012; this work included a new bridge across the upper reaches of Pisacataway Creek.

## Junction list

The entire route is in Prince George's County.

| Location | mi
 | km | Destinations | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Piscataway | 0.00 | 0.00 | Dead end | Southern terminus; barrier adjacent to Livingston Road |
| | 0.58 | 0.93 | Floral Park Road east / Piscataway Road south to Livingston Road | MD 223 turns north onto Piscataway Road |
| Clinton | 7.41 | 11.93 |
MD 5 (Branch Avenue) to US 301 Washington | Single-point urban interchange |
| Rosaryville | 10.06 | 16.19 | Rosaryville Road south | MD 223 turns north to remain on Woodyard Road |
| Melwood | 12.48 | 20.08 | MD 4 (Pennsylvania Avenue) Upper Marlboro, Washington | Partial cloverleaf interchange |
| | 12.63 | 20.33 | Mellwood Road north | Northern terminus; end of state maintenance |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
 | | | | | |

## Auxiliary routes

* MD 223A is the designation for an unnamed 0.10-mile (0.16 km) section of old alignment of MD 223 between the Piscataway Road  Floral Park Road intersection and Piscataway Creek in Piscataway.
* MD 223I is the designation for Haislip Way, which runs 0.06 mi (0.097 km) from MD 223 east to Woodyard Circle, where it continues as county-maintained Heartwood Lane. The route was designated in 2013.

Template:Attached KML/Maryland Route 223KML is from Wikidata

## InfoBox

| Maryland Route 223 | |
| --- | --- |
| Maryland Route 223 highlighted in red | |
| Route information | |
| Maintained by MDSHA | |
| Length | 12.63 mi (20.33 km) |
| Existed | 1927–present |
| Major junctions | |
| South end | Dead end in Piscataway |
| Major intersections |  |
| North end | Mellwood Road in Melwood |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Maryland |
| Counties | Prince George's |
|  | |
| Highway system | |
|  | |
| MD 222   MD 224 | |


title: Freeport R.F.C.

abstract: Freeport Rugby Football Club are one of the five men's football teams in the Grand Bahama Football League, representing their home city of Freeport, Bahamas. The annual winner of the Grand Bahamas League flies to the capital Nassau to play a triangle tournament with the winner of the Abaco League and the New Providence League to find the National Champion of Bahamas title. In the last years for organisational reason the triangle-tournament was not played. So the national champions were automatically the three winners of the three leagues.

text:
# Freeport R.F.C.

**Freeport Rugby Football Club** are one of the five men's football teams in the Grand Bahama Football League, representing their home city of Freeport, Bahamas.

The annual winner of the Grand Bahamas League flies to the capital Nassau to play a triangle tournament with the winner of the Abaco League and the New Providence League to find the National Champion of Bahamas title. In the last years for organisational reason the triangle-tournament was not played. So the national champions were automatically the three winners of the three leagues.

## Achievements

1996 1996

## InfoBox

Freeport R.F.C.
| Full name | Freeport Rugby Football Club |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | 1965 |
| Ground | Grand Bahama Stadium<br>Freeport, Bahamas |
| Capacity | 3,100 |
| League | Grand Bahama Football League |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


abstract: The United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), operated by the United States federal government, is the world's largest medical library. Located in Bethesda, Maryland, the NLM is an institute within the National Institutes of Health. Its collections include more than seven million books, journals, technical reports, manuscripts, microfilms, photographs, and images on medicine and related sciences, including some of the world's oldest and rarest works. The current acting director of the NLM is Stephen Sherry.

text:
# United States National Library of Medicine

The **United States National Library of Medicine** (**NLM**), operated by the United States federal government, is the world's largest medical library.

Located in Bethesda, Maryland, the NLM is an institute within the National Institutes of Health. Its collections include more than seven million books, journals, technical reports, manuscripts, microfilms, photographs, and images on medicine and related sciences, including some of the world's oldest and rarest works.

The current acting director of the NLM is Stephen Sherry.

## History

The precursor of the National Library of Medicine, established in 1836, was the Library of the Surgeon General's Office, a part of the office of the Surgeon General of the United States Army. The Armed Forces Institute of Pathology and its Medical Museum were founded in 1862 as the Army Medical Museum. Throughout their history the Library of the Surgeon General's Office and the Army Medical Museum often shared quarters. From 1866 to 1887, they were housed in Ford's Theatre after production there was stopped, following the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln.

In 1956, the library collection was transferred from the control of the U.S. Department of Defense to the Public Health Service of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare and renamed the National Library of Medicine, through the instrumentality of Frank Bradway Rogers, who was the director from 1956 to 1963. The library moved to its current quarters in Bethesda, Maryland, on the campus of the National Institutes of Health, in 1962.

## Directors

Directors from 1945 to present

| Portrait | Director | Took office | Left office |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Leon Lloyd Gardner | 1945 | 1946 |
|  | Joseph Hamilton McNinch | 1946 | 1949 |
|  | Frank Bradway Rogers | 1949 | 1963 |
|  | Martin Marc Cummings | 1964 | 1984 |
|  | Donald A. B. Lindberg | 1984 | 2015 |
|  | Betsy Humphreys (acting) | 2015 | 2016 |
|  | Patricia Flatley Brennan | 2016 | 2023 |
|

## Publications and informational resources

Since 1879, the National Library of Medicine has published the Index Medicus, a monthly guide to articles, in nearly five thousand selected journals. The last issue of Index Medicus was printed in December 2004, but this information is offered in the freely accessible PubMed, among the more than fifteen million MEDLINE journal article references and abstracts going back to the 1960s and 1.5 million references going back to the 1950s.

The National Library of Medicine runs the National Center for Biotechnology Information, which houses biological databases (PubMed among them) that are freely accessible on the Internet through the Entrez search engine and Lister Hill National Center For Biomedical Communications. As the United States National Release Center for SNOMED CT, NLM provides SNOMED CT data and resources to licensees of the NLM UMLS Metathesaurus. NLM maintains ClinicalTrials.gov registry for human interventional and observational studies. Additionally NLM runs ChemIDplus, which is a chemical database of over 400,000 chemicals complete with names, synonyms, and structures. It includes links to NLM and other databases and resources, including links to federal, state and international agencies.

## Toxicology and environmental health

The Toxicology and Environmental Health Program was established at the National Library of Medicine in 1967 and is charged with developing computer databases compiled from the medical literature and from the files of governmental and nongovernmental organizations. The program has implemented several information systems for chemical emergency response and public education, such as the Toxicology Data Network, TOXMAP, Tox Town, Wireless Information System for Emergency Responders, Toxmystery, and the Household Products Database. These resources are accessible without charge on the internet.

## Radiation exposure

The United States National Library of Medicine Radiation Emergency Management System provides:

* Guidance for health care providers, primarily physicians, about clinical diagnosis and treatment of radiation injury during radiological and nuclear emergencies
* Just-in-time, evidence-based, usable information with sufficient background and context to make complex issues understandable to those without formal radiation medicine expertise
* Web-based information that may be downloaded in advance, so that it would be available during an emergency if the Internet were not accessible

Radiation Emergency Management System is produced by the United States Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, Office of Planning and Emergency Operations, in cooperation with the National Library of Medicine, Division of Specialized Information Services, with subject matter experts from the National Cancer Institute, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and many U.S. and international consultants.

## Extramural division

The Extramural Division provides grants to support research in medical information science and to support planning and development of computer and communications systems in medical institutions. Research, publications, and exhibitions on the history of medicine and the life sciences also are supported by the History of Medicine Division. In April 2008 the current exhibition Against the Odds: Making a Difference in Global Health was launched.

## National Center for Biotechnology Information division

National Center for Biotechnology Information is an intramural division within National Library of Medicine that creates public databases in molecular biology, conducts research in computational biology, develops software tools for analyzing molecular and genomic data, and disseminates biomedical information, all for the better understanding of processes affecting human health and disease.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| United States
National Library of Medicine | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Library in 1999 | |
|  | |
| 38°59′45″N 77°05′56″W / 38.995951°N 77.098832°W / 38.995951; -77.098832 | |
| Location | Bethesda, Maryland, United States |
| Type | Medical library |
| Established | 1836 (1836)
(as the *Library of the Office of the Surgeon General of the Army*) |
| Reference to legal mandate | Public Law 941 – August 3, 1956, an amendment to Title III of the Public Health Service Act |
| Branch of | National Institutes of Health |
| Collection | |
| Items collected | books, journals, manuscripts, images, and multimedia; genomic, chemical, toxicological, and environmental data; drug information; clinical trials data; health data standards; software; and consumer health information |
| Size | 27.8 million (2015) |
| Criteria for collection | Acquiring, organizing, and preserving the world's scholarly biomedical literature |
| Access and use | |
| Access requirements | Open to the public |
| Circulation | 309,817 (2015) |
| Other information | |
| Budget | US$341,119,000 |
| Director | Patricia Flatley Brennan, RN PhD |
| Employees | 1,741 |
| Website | nlm.nih.gov |


# List of major surface ships of the Turkish Navy

This is a list of Turkish Navy major surface ships that have served past and present, from 10 July 1920 to present.

## Battleship

### *Brandenburg* class

| Name | Builder | Launched | Acquired | Fate |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Barbaros Hayrettin | Kaiserliche Werft Wilhelmshaven, Wilhelmshaven | 30 June 1891 *SMS Kurfürst Friedrich Wilhelm* | 12 September 1910 *Barbaros Hayreddin* | Sunk by the British submarine HMS-E11 in Sea of Marmara, 8 August 1915 |
| *Turgut Reis* | AG Vulcan, Stettin | 14 December 1891
SMS *Weissenburg* | 12 Septemter 1910
*Turgut Reis* | Coastal defence ship
broken up 1956–57 |

## Battlecruiser

### *Moltke* class

| Name | Builder | Launched | Acquired | Fate |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *Yavuz Sultan Selim* | Blohm & Voss AG., Hamburg | 28 March 1911
SMS *Goeben* | 16 August 1914
*Yavuz Sultan Selim* | 1930 *Yavuz Selim*, 1936 *Yavuz*
broken up July 1973 - February 1976 |

### Protected cruisers

#### *Mecidiye*

| Name | Builder | Launched | Commissioned | Fate |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *Mecidiye* | William Cramp & Sons, Philadelphia | 25 July 1903
(as *Abdül Mecid*) | 19 December 1903
*Mecidiye* | 1940 - cadet training ship
1952-1956 broken up |

#### *Hamidiye*

| Name | Builder | Launched | Commissioned | Fate |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *Hamidiye* | Sir W G Armstrong Whitworth & Co Ltd., Newcastle | 25 September 1903 | April 1904
*Hamidiye* | 1940 - cadet training ship
1966 broken up |

### Torpedo cruisers

#### *Peyk-i Şevket* class

| Name | Builder | Launched | Commissioned | Fate |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *Peyk-i Şevket* | Schiffs & Maschinenbau Germania AG, Kiel | 15 November 1906 | November 1907
*Peyk-i Şevket* | Discarded late 1940s |
| *Berk-i Satvet* | Schiffs & Maschinenbau Germania AG, Kiel | 1 December 1906 | November 1907
*Berk-i Satvet* | Discarded late 1940s |

## Destroyers

### *Samsun* class

(Version of  French Navy *Durandal*-class destroyer):

| Name | Builder | Launched | Commissioned | Fate |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *Samsun* | SA Chantier et Ateliers de la Gironde, Bordeaux | 1907 | 1907 | 1949 broken up |
| *Taşoz* | SA Chantier et Ateliers de la Gironde, Bordeaux | 1906 | 1907 | 1949 broken up |
| *Basra* | SA Chantier et Ateliers de la Gironde, Bordeaux | 1906 | 1907 | 1949 broken up |

### *Muâvenet-i Millîye* class

(Ex- Kaiserliche Marine S-165 class):

| Name | Builder | Launched | Commissioned | Fate |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *Muâvenet-i Millîye* | Fr Schichau AG, Elbing | 20 March 1909
Ex-S-165 | 17 August 1910 | Stricken 1924 |
| *Nümûne-i Hamiyet* | Fr Schichau AG, Elbing | 3 July 1909
Ex-S-167 | 17 August 1910 | Stricken 1924 |

### *Adatepe* class

(Version of  Regia Marina *Folgore* class):

| Name | Builder | Launched | Commissioned | Fate |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| TCG *Kocatepe* | Ansaldo, Sestri Ponente | 7 February 1931 | 18 October 1931 | February 1954 decommissioned |
| TCG *Adatepe* | Ansaldo, Sestri Ponente | 19 March 1931 | 18 October 1931 | February 1954 decommissioned |

### *Tinaztepe* class

(Version of  Regia Marina *Freccia* class):

| Ship | Builder | Launched | Commissioned | Fate |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| TCG *Tınaztepe* | C.T. Riva Trigoso, Riva Trigoso | 27 July 1931 | 6 June 1932 | February 1954 decommissioned |
| TCG *Zafer* | C.T. Riva Trigoso, Riva Trigoso | 20 September 1931 | 6 June 1932 | February 1954 decommissioned |

### *Gayret*

(Ex- Royal Navy O class):

| Name | Builder | Launched | Acquired | Fate |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| TCG *Gayret* | Fairfield, Govan | 14 January 1941
Ex- Royal Navy HMS *Oribi* (G66) | 18 June 1946 | Discarded 1965 |

### *Demirhisar* class

(Modified  Royal Navy I class):

| Name | Builder | Launched | Acquired | Fate |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| TCG *Demirhisar* | Denny, Dumbarton | 1941 | Delivered 1942 | Discarded 1960 |
| TCG *Sultanhisar* | Denny, Dumbarton | 17 December 1940 | Delivered 1942 | Discarded 1960 |
| TCG *Muavenet* | Vickers-Armstrongs, Barrow | 24 February 1941 | Taken over by Royal Navy on completion as HMS *Inconstant* (H49):
Returned 1945 | Discarded 1960 |
| TCG *Gayret* | Vickers-Armstrongs, Barrow | 15 December 1940 | Taken over by Royal Navy on completion as HMS *Ithuriel* (H05):
Constructive total loss 1943 | Broken up 1946-47. United Kingdom gave HMS *Oribi* (G66) to Turkey instead of HMS *Ithuriel* (H05). |

### Ex-*Gleaves* class (US Navy)

| Name | Builder | Launched | Acquired | Fate |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| TCG *Gaziantep* (D-344) | Federal, Kearny | Ex-USS *Lansdowne* (DD-486) | 1950 | Discarded 1973 |
| TCG *Giresun* (D-345) | Federal, Kearny | Ex-USS *McCalla* (DD-488) | 29 April 1949 | Discarded 1973 |
| TCG *Gelibolu* (D-346) | Federal, Kearny | Ex-USS *Buchanan* (DD-484) | 29 April 1949 | Discarded 1976 |
| TCG *Gemlik* (D-347) | Federal, Kearny | Ex-USS *Lardner* (DD-487) | 1950 | Stricken 1981 |

### Ex-M-class (Royal Navy)

(Ex- Royal Navy M-class destroyer):

| Name | Builder | Launched | Acquired | Fate |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| TCG *Alp Alslan* (D-348) | Scotts, Greenock | Ex- Royal Navy HMS *Milne* (G14) | 19 June 1959 | Discarded early 1970s |
| TCG *Mareşal Fevzi Çakmak* (D-349) | Vickers-Armstrongs, Tyne | Ex- Royal Navy HMS *Marne* (G35) | 19 June 1959 | Discarded early 1970s |
| TCG *Kılıç Ali Paşa* (D-350) | Stephen, Linthouse | Ex- Royal Navy HMS *Matchless* (G52) | 19 June 1959 | Discarded early 1970s |
| TCG *Piyale Paşa* (D-351) | Stephen, Linthouse | Ex- Royal Navy HMS *Meteor* (G73) | 19 June 1959 | Discarded early 1970s |

### Ex-*Fletcher* class (US Navy)

(Ex- US Navy *Fletcher*-class destroyer:)

| Name | Builder | Launched | Acquired | Fate |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| TCG *İstanbul* (D-340) | Federal, Kearny | Ex-USS *Clarence K. Bronson* (DD-668) | 14 January 1967 | Stricken 1987 |
| TCG *İzmir* (D-341) | Gulf, Chickasaw | Ex-USS *Van Valkenburgh* (DD-656) | 28 February 1967 | Stricken 1987 |
| TCG *İzmit* (D-342) | Bath Iron Works, Bath | Ex-USS *Cogswell* (DD-651) | 1 October 1969 | Stricken 1980 |
| TCG *İskenderun* (D-343) | Bethlehem, San Pedro | Ex-USS *Boyd* (DD-544) | 1 October 1969 | Stricken 1981 |
| TCG *İçel* (D-344) | Bethlehem, San Pedro | Ex-USS *Preston* (DD-795) | 15 November 1969 | Stricken 1981 |

### Ex-*Allen M. Sumner* class (US Navy)

Ex- US Navy *Robert H. Smith* class (*Allen M. Sumner* class):

| Name | Builder | Launched | Acquired | Fate |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| TCG *Zafer* (D-356) | Bethlehem, San Pedro | Ex-USS *Hugh Purvis* (DD-709) | 22 October 1971 | Stricken 1993, Broken up 1994 |
| TCG *Muavenet* (DM-357) | Federal, Kearny | Ex-USS *Gwin* (DD-772) -\> USS *Gwin* (DM-33) | 15 February 1972 | Damaged 2 October 1992, Stricken 1993 |

### Ex-*Gearing* class (US Navy)

(Ex- US Navy *Gearing*-class destroyer:)

| Name | Builder | Launched | Acquired | Fate |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| TCG *Yücetepe* (D-345) | Consolidated, Orange | Ex-USS *Orleck* (DD-886) | 1 October 1982 | Stricken 2000; Museum Ship, Lake Charles, Louisiana |
| TCG *Savaştepe* (D-348) | Consolidated, Orange | Ex-USS *Meredith* (DD-890) | 7 December 1979 | Broken up 1995 |
| TCG *Kılıç Ali Paşa* (D-349) | Consolidated, Orange | Ex-USS *Robert H. McCard* (DD-822) | 5 June 1980 | Broken up 2000 |
| TCG *Piyale Paşa* (D-350) | Bath Iron Works, Bath | Ex-USS *Fiske* (DD-842) | 5 June 1980 | Broken up 1999 |
| TCG *Mareşal Fevzi Çakmak* (D-351) | Bethlehem, Quincy | Ex-USS *Charles H. Roan* (DD-853) | 29 September 1973 | Broken up 1995 |
| TCG *Gayret* (D-352) | Todd Pacific, Seattle | Ex-USS *Eversole* (DD-789) | 11 July 1973 | Museum Ship in İzmit, Turkey |
| TCG *Adatepe* (D-353) | Bethlehem, Staten Island | Ex-USS *Forrest Royal* (DD-872) | 27 March 1971 | Stricken 1993, Broken up 1994 |
| TCG *Kocatepe* (D-354) | Bethlehem, San Pedro | Ex-USS *Harwood* (DD-861) | 17 December 1971 | Sunk 24 July 1974. |
| TCG *Kocatepe* | Bethlehem, San Pedro | Ex-USS *Norris* (DD-859) | 7 July 1974 | Stricken 1993 |
| TCG *Tınaztepe* (D-355) | Bethlehem, San Francisco | Ex-USS *Keppler* (DD-765) | 30 June 1972 | Laid up 1984 |

### Ex-*Carpenter* class (US Navy)

Ex- US Navy *Carpenter*-class anti submarine destroyer:

| Name | Builder | Launched | Acquired | Fate |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| TCG *Alçıtepe* (D-346) | Bath Iron Works, Bath | Ex-USS *Robert A. Owens* (DD-827) | 16 February 1982 | Broken up 1999 |
| TCG *Anıttepe* (D-347) | Consolidated, Orange | Ex-USS *Carpenter* (DD-825) | 20 February 1981 | Broken up 1999 |

## Frigates

### *Berk* class

(Modified  US Navy *Claud Jones*-class destroyer escort):

| Name | Builder | Launched | Commissioned | Fate |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| TCG *Berk* (D-358) | Gölcük Naval Shipyard | 25 June 1971 | 12 July 1972 |  |
| TCG *Peyk* (D-359) | Gölcük Naval Shipyard | 7 June 1972 | 24 July 1975 |  |

### *Gelibolu* class

(Ex- Bundesmarine *Köln*-class frigate: F120)

| Name | Builder | Launched | Acquired | Fate |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| TCG *Gelibolu* (D-360) | HC Stülcken, Hamburg | 24 October 1959
Ex-*Karlsruhe* (F223) (Bundesmarine) | 28 March 1982 |  |
| TCG *Gemlik* (D-361) | HC Stülcken, Hamburg | 21 March 1959
Ex-*Emden* (F221) (Bundesmarine) | 23 September 1983 | 1994 broken up |

### *Tepe* class

(Ex-*Knox*-class frigate  US Navy ):

| Name | Builder | Launched | Acquired | Fate |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| TCG *Muavenet* (F-250) | Avondale, Westwego | 21 October 1972
Ex-USS *Capodanno* (FF-1093) | 30 July 1993 leased
22 February 2002 sold | Decommissioned |
| TCG *Adatepe* (F-251) | Todd, San Pedro | 24 January 1970
Ex-USS *Fanning* (FF-1076) | 31 July 1993 leased
22 February 2002 sold | 2001 decommissioned |
| TCG *Kocatepe* (F-252) | Lockheed, Seattle | 1 August 1970
Ex-USS *Reasoner* (FF-1063) | 30 August 1993 leased
22 February 2002 sold | Decommissioned |
| TCG *Zafer* (F-253) | Avondale, Westwego | 12 August 1972
Ex-USS *Thomas C. Hart* (FF-1092) | 30 August 1993 leased
22 February 2002 sold | Sunk as a target ship as part of Turkish Navy exercise Beyaz Fırtına 2016. |
| TCG *Ege* (F-256) | Avondale, Westwego | 15 April 1972
Ex-USS *Ainsworth* (FF-1090) | 20 May 1994 leased
22 February 2002 sold | Decommissioned
İnciraltı Sea Museum |
| TCG *Karadeniz* (F-255) | Avondale, Westwego | 22 May 1971
Ex-USS *Donald B. Beary* (FF-1085) | 27 May 1994 leased
22 February 2002 sold | Decommissioned |
| TCG *Trakya* (F-254) | Avondale, Westwego | 20 March 1971
Ex-USS *McCandless* (FF-1084) | 5 June 1994 leased
22 February 2002 sold | Decommissioned |
| TCG *Akdeniz* (F-257) | Avondale, Westwego | 2 May 1970
Ex-USS *Bowen* (FF-1079) | 3 June 1994 leased
22 February 2002 sold | Decommissioned |

### *Gabya* class

(Ex-*Oliver Hazard Perry*-class frigate  US Navy):

| Name | Builder | Launched | Acquired | Fate |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| TCG *Gaziantep* (F-490) | Bath Iron Works, Bath | 16 February 1980
Ex-USS *Clifton Sprague* (FFG-16) | 27 August 1997 | Extant in 2010 |
| TCG *Giresun* (F-491) | Todd Pacific, Seattle | 27 March 1979
Ex-USS *Antrim* (FFG-20) | 27 August 1997 | Extant in 2010 |
| TCG *Gemlik* (F-492) | Bath Iron Works, Bath | 15 May 1980
Ex-USS *Flatley* (FFG-21) | 27 August 1998 | Extant in 2010 |
| TCG *Gelibolu* (F-493) | Todd Pacific, Seattle | 27 June 1981
Ex-USS *Reid* (FFG-30) | 5 January 1999 | Extant in 2010 |
| TCG *Gökçeada* (F-494) | Todd Pacific, Seattle | 7 February 1981
Ex-USS *Mahlon S. Tisdale* (FFG-27) | 5 April 1999 | Extant in 2010 |
| TCG *Gediz* (F-495) | Todd Pacific, Seattle | 20 October 1979
Ex-USS *John A. Moore* (FFG-19) | 1 September 2000 | Extant in 2010 |
| TCG *Gökova* (F-496) | Bath Iron Works, Bath | 14 July 1979
Ex-USS *Samuel Eliot Morison* (FFG-13) | 11 April 2002 | Extant in 2010 |
| TCG *Göksu* (F-497) | Bath Iron Works, Bath | 3 November 1979
Ex-USS *Estocin* (FFG-15) | 3 April 2003 | Extant in 2010 |

### *Yavuz* class

( Blohm + Voss MEKO 200 TN):

| Name | Builder | Launched | Commissioned | Fate |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| TCG *Yavuz* (F-240) | Blohm + Voss, Hamburg | 30 May 1985 | 11 Oct 1987 | Extant in 2010 |
| TCG *Turgutreis* (F-241) | Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft, Kiel | 17 July 1987 | 4 February 1988 | Extant in 2010 |
| TCG *Fatih* (F-242) | Gölcük Naval Shipyard | 24 April 1987 | 12 October 1988 | Extant in 2010 |
| TCG *Yıldırım* (F-243) | Gölcük Naval Shipyard | 22 July 1988 | 17 November 1989 | Extant in 2010 |

### *Barbaros* class

( Blohm + Voss MEKO 200 TN II-A):

| Name | Builder | Launched | Commissioned | Fate |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| TCG *Barbaros* (F-244) | Blohm + Voss, Hamburg | 29 September 1993 | 23 May 1997 | Extant in 2010 |
| TCG *Oruçreis* (F-245) | Gölcük Naval Shipyard | 28 July 1994 | 23 May 1997 | Extant in 2010 |

### *Salihreis* class

( Blohm + Voss MEKO 200 TN II-B):

| Name | Builder | Launched | Commissioned | Fate |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| TCG *Salihreis* (F-246) | Blohm + Voss, Hamburg | 26 September 1997 | 22 July 1998 | Extant in 2010 |
| TCG *Kemalreis* (F-247) | Gölcük Naval Shipyard | 24 July 1998 | 8 June 2000 | Extant in 2010 |

## Corvettes

### *Burak* class

(Ex-*D'Estienne d'Orves* class  French Navy):

| Name | Builder | Launched | Acquired | Fate |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| TCG *Bozcaada* (F-500) | DCN, Lorient | 7 August 1976
Ex-F787 *Commandant de Pimodan* | 25 July 2001 | Extant in 2010 |
| TCG *Bodrum* (F-501) | DCN, Lorient | 30 November 1974
Ex-F783 *Drogou* | 18 October 2001 | Retired as of 2022 |
| TCG *Bandırma* (F-502) | DCN, Lorient | 7 August 1976
Ex-F786 *Quartier-Maître Anquetil* | 15 November 2001 | Extant in 2010 |
| TCG *Beykoz* (F-503) | DCN, Lorient | 1 June 1973
Ex-F781 *D'Estienne d'Orves* | 18 March 2002 | Extant in 2010 |
| TCG *Bartın* (F-504) | DCN, Lorient | 30 November 1974
Ex-F782 *Amyot d'Inville* | 3 June 2002 | Extant in 2010 |
| TCG *Bafra* (F-505) | DCN, Lorient | 13 August 1977
Ex-F788 *Second-Maître Le Bihan* | 26 June 2002 | Extant in 2010 |

### *Ada* class

( \- MILGEM):

| Name | Builder | Launched | Commissioned | Fate |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| TCG *Heybeliada* (F-511) | Istanbul Naval Shipyard | 27 September 2008 | 27 September 2011 | - |
| TCG *Büyükada* (F-512) | Istanbul Naval Shipyard | 27 September 2011 | 27 September 2013 | - |
| TCG Burgazada (F-513) | Istanbul Naval Shipyard | 21 June 2016 | 4 November 2018 | - |
| TCG Kınalıada (F-514) | Istanbul Naval Shipyard | 3 July 2017 | 29 September 2019 | - |

## Sources


title: Marginella peelae

abstract: Marginella peelae is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Marginellidae, the margin snails.

text:
# Marginella peelae

***Marginella peelae*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Marginellidae, the margin snails.

## Description

## Distribution

## InfoBox

| *Marginella peelae* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Family: | Marginellidae |
| Genus: | *Marginella* |
| Species: | ***M. peelae*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Marginella peelae***
Bozzetti, 1993 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Marginella beltmani* Hart, 1993
*Marginella peelae f. beltmani* Hart, 1993 | |


abstract: Virgin and Child with Saint Anne is a tempera and oil painting by Albrecht Dürer. It is signed and dated 1519 in the centre of the right border, though this may have been added later. Originally painted on panel, it was later transferred onto canvas and is now in the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York.

text:
# Virgin and Child with Saint Anne (Dürer)

***Virgin and Child with Saint Anne*** is a tempera and oil painting by Albrecht Dürer. It is signed and dated 1519 in the centre of the right border, though this may have been added later. Originally painted on panel, it was later transferred onto canvas and is now in the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York.

## History

It belonged to Gabriel Tucher of Nuremberg \- he and his family were committed supporters of the artist. A preparatory sketch for the work survives in the Albertina in Vienna, possibly dating to 1519 and showing St Anne (modelled on the painter's wife Agnes) painted in grey with highlights on a dark background. In the painting she wears a bonnet closed under her chin, then very much in fashion in Nuremberg.

In 1630 Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria acquired it and it was displayed in Schloss Schleißheim until the mid 19th century. Repainting and its poor state of conservation led to its being sold from the Bavarian collections as merely a copy after Dürer and - after passing through private collections in Munich and Odessa \- it reached the United States. There it was acquired by Benjamin Altman, who donated it to its present owner. Subsequent restorations have restored its status as an autograph work by the artist.

## Other versions

Museum of John Paul II Collection in Warsaw has different version of this painting from 1523, which is also considered as artist's own work.

1. "Catalogue page".
2. (in Italian) Costantino Porcu (editor), *Dürer*, Rizzoli, Milano 2004.
3. Maryan Wynn Ainsworth, Joshua P. Waterman, Dorothy Mahon (2013). *German Paintings in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1350-1600*. Metropolitan Museum of Art. ISBN 15-88394-87-5, p. 298
4. Janusz Miliszkiewicz, Mieczysław Morka, Andrzej Borkowski (1993). *Kolekcja Porczyńskich-genialne oszustwo?* Polska Oficyna Wydawnicza "BGW". ISBN 83-70665-48-9, pp. 143, 223


title: William Robinson (painter, born 1936)

abstract: William Francis Robinson AO is an Australian painter and lithographer.

text:
# William Robinson (painter, born 1936)

**William Francis Robinson** AO (born 16 April 1936) is an Australian painter and lithographer.

## Early life

William Robinson was born in Brisbane in 1936. He attended Brisbane State High School and Ballarat High School. After graduating from secondary education, he began working as an art instructor.

Robinson commenced national service on 4 January 1955 with the Royal Australian Air Force serving as an Aircraftsman, service number: A115716.

In his teaching career, Robinson eventually became head of the Painting Department at the Brisbane College of Advanced Education in 1982. In 1989 he retired to work full-time on his paintings.

## Artistic Career

Robinson held his first solo exhibition at the Design Arts Centre, Brisbane in 1967. He rose to international prominence as a part of the exhibitions Australian Perspecta in 1983 and The Sixth Bienniale of Sydney in 1986.

The Metropolitan Museum of Art has several of his works in their collection, as does the National Gallery of Australia and several smaller Australian galleries.

He has won the Archibald Prize for portraiture twice: first in 1987 for *Equestrian self portrait*, then in 1995 for *Self-portrait with stunned mullet*. He has also won the Wynne Prize for landscape painting in 1990 (*The rainforest*) and 1996 (*Creation landscape  earth and sea*).

Robinson released a solo exhibition, Landscapes, which consisted of oil paintings showing fragments of the Australian bush in various perspectives.

In 2009 Robinson was the subject of a documentary by filmmaker Catherine Hunter. "William Robinson: A Painter’s Journey" traces the places that have inspired the artist, from his early farmyard paintings to the 'Creation Landscape' series and, most recently, the quiet still life paintings inspired by the intimate surroundings of his Brisbane house and garden.

In 2011, The Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Art Museum curated a major retrospective exhibition *William Robinson: The Transfigured Landscape* which was opened by the Australian Governor General Quentin Bryce. There is an art gallery within Old Government House on the QUT's Garden Point campus devoted to Robinson's art, featuring many of his artworks, including some of his very first.

In 2016 William Robinson was interviewed in a digital story and oral history for State Library of Queensland's James C Sourris AM Collection. In the interview Robinson talks to Vanessa Van Ooyen, Director QUT Art Museum about his art, his success at winning the Archibald Prize and his busy life as both a teacher and an artist.


title: Marbella Lighthouse

abstract: Marbella Lighthouse is a lighthouse in Marbella, southern Spain. It was built in 1864 and is 29 metres (95 ft) high. It is automatic and electric, its light controlled by photoelectric cells. Its light signal is two flashes every 14.5 seconds and its maximum visibility range is 22 nautical miles.

text:
# Marbella Lighthouse

**Marbella Lighthouse** (Spanish: *Faro de Marbella*) is a lighthouse in Marbella, southern Spain. It was built in 1864 and is 29 metres (95 ft) high.

It is automatic and electric, its light controlled by photoelectric cells. Its light signal is two flashes every 14.5 seconds and its maximum visibility range is 22 nautical miles (41 km; 25 mi).

## InfoBox

Marbella Lighthouse
| Marbella Lighthouse | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | Marbell
Andalusia
Spain |
| Coordinates | 36°30′26.2″N 4°53′23.9″W / 36.507278°N 4.889972°W / 36.507278; -4.889972 |
| Tower | |
| Constructed | 1864 (first) |
| Construction | concrete tower |
| Height | 29 metres (95 ft) |
| Shape | cylindrical tower with double balcony and lantern |
| Markings | white tower and lantern |
| Power source | mains electricity |
|  | |
| Light | |
| First lit | 1974 (current) |
| Focal height | 35 metres (115 ft) |
| Lens | 3rd order Barbier, Bernard & Turenne Fresnel lens |
| Range | 22 nautical miles (41 km; 25 mi) |
| Characteristic | Fl (2) W 14.5s. |
| Spain no. | ES-21100 |
|  | |


title: Yetkin Yıldız

abstract: Yetkin Yıldız is a Turkish journalist who was the editor of the news website Aktifhaber. A court in Istanbul sentenced Yıldız to seven years and six months in prison for alleged membership in a terrorist organisation. Yıldız was originally arrested on 22 July 2016 as part of an investigation into the anonymous Twitter account Fuat Avni, which claimed to be run by a government insider leaking information on the ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP). On 24 July 2016, a court in Istanbul ordered Yıldız to be detained pending trial on charges of being a member of an alleged Gülenist terrorist organisation. He was sentenced to seven years and six months, convicted of belonging to the Gülenist organisation that Turkey's government accused of orchestrating the failed July 2016 coup d'état. Yıldız was sentenced in March 2018 along with a number of other journalists accused of belonging to Gülen's network. Other journalists charged in the same case included Ahmet Memiş, Ali Akkuş, Muhammed Sait Kuloğlu, Mustafa Erkan Acar, Oğuz Usluer, Ufuk Şanlı, Cuma Ulus, Mutlu Çölgeçen, Ünal Tanık, Seyid Kılıç, and Davut Aydın. Following this first conviction, Yıldız was further accused of slander by Justice and Development Party (AKP) Bursa MP Efkan Ala. Yıldız appeared in court via the video-conference system SEGBIS. Yıldız's lawyers rejected the accusations of defamation and requested a copy of the official court proceedings. The court adjourned and set the date for the next hearing on 17 December 2019.

text:
# Yetkin Yıldız

**Yetkin Yıldız** is a Turkish journalist who was the editor of the news website *Aktifhaber*. A court in Istanbul sentenced Yıldız to seven years and six months in prison for alleged membership in a terrorist organisation.

Yıldız was originally arrested on 22 July 2016 as part of an investigation into the anonymous Twitter account Fuat Avni, which claimed to be run by a government insider leaking information on the ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP). On 24 July 2016, a court in Istanbul ordered Yıldız to be detained pending trial on charges of being a member of an alleged Gülenist terrorist organisation. He was sentenced to seven years and six months, convicted of belonging to the Gülenist organisation that Turkey's government accused of orchestrating the failed July 2016 coup d'état. Yıldız was sentenced in March 2018 along with a number of other journalists accused of belonging to Gülen's network. Other journalists charged in the same case included Ahmet Memiş, Ali Akkuş, Muhammed Sait Kuloğlu, Mustafa Erkan Acar, Oğuz Usluer, Ufuk Şanlı, Cuma Ulus, Mutlu Çölgeçen, Ünal Tanık, Seyid Kılıç, and Davut Aydın.

Following this first conviction, Yıldız was further accused of slander by Justice and Development Party (AKP) Bursa MP Efkan Ala. Yıldız appeared in court via the video-conference system SEGBIS. Yıldız's lawyers rejected the accusations of defamation and requested a copy of the official court proceedings. The court adjourned and set the date for the next hearing on 17 December 2019.

## InfoBox

| Yetkin Yıldız | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | Turkish |
| Occupation | Journalist |
| Known for | Editor of the news website *Aktifhaber*<br>Imprisoned journalist in Turkey |


title: Maryland Route 22

abstract: Maryland Route 22 is a state highway in the U.S. state of Maryland. The state highway runs 12.91 miles (20.78 km) from U.S. Route 1 Business and MD 924 in Bel Air east to an entrance to Aberdeen Proving Ground in Aberdeen. MD 22 is the main connection between the county seat of Bel Air and Aberdeen, which is the largest city in Harford County. The state highway also provides the primary route between Interstate 95 (I-95) and Aberdeen Proving Ground. MD 22 was one of the original state roads marked for improvement in 1909 and one of the original state-numbered highways in 1927. The highway was constructed between Bel Air and Aberdeen in the early 1910s. Another section of highway between Aberdeen and Havre de Grace, the Post Road, was also built in the early 1910s. The Post Road became part of US 40 in 1927 but was designated as an extension of MD 22 after US 40 was relocated in the early 1930s. MD 22 was reconstructed from Bel Air to Aberdeen in the 1950s. MD 22's present course east of I-95 was built in the late 1960s; the old section of MD 22 through Aberdeen became MD 132.

text:
# Maryland Route 22

**Maryland Route 22** (**MD 22**) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Maryland. The state highway runs 12.91 miles (20.78 km) from U.S. Route 1 Business (US 1 Business) and MD 924 in Bel Air east to an entrance to Aberdeen Proving Ground in Aberdeen. MD 22 is the main connection between the county seat of Bel Air and Aberdeen, which is the largest city in Harford County. The state highway also provides the primary route between Interstate 95 (I-95) and Aberdeen Proving Ground.

MD 22 was one of the original state roads marked for improvement in 1909 and one of the original state-numbered highways in 1927. The highway was constructed between Bel Air and Aberdeen in the early 1910s. Another section of highway between Aberdeen and Havre de Grace, the Post Road, was also built in the early 1910s. The Post Road became part of US 40 in 1927 but was designated as an extension of MD 22 after US 40 was relocated in the early 1930s. MD 22 was reconstructed from Bel Air to Aberdeen in the 1950s. MD 22's present course east of I-95 was built in the late 1960s; the old section of MD 22 through Aberdeen became MD 132.

## Route description

MD 22 begins in the Bel Air Courthouse Historic District in the town of Bel Air as a one-way pair, Fulford Avenue eastbound and Churchville Road westbound, at Main Street. Main Street carries northbound MD 924 and US 1 Business; the business route enters downtown Bel Air from the west on Fulford Avenue. Churchville Road continues west as unsigned MD 922E, which intersects Bond Street, which carries southbound MD 924 and US 1 Business; the business route leaves downtown Bel Air to the west on Churchville Road. The two directions of MD 22 unite at Shamrock Road as Churchville Road, a four-lane divided highway that passes north of Rockfield Park and The John Carroll School. The road heads north of Bynum Run Park, where a park and ride lot is located, as it leaves the town of Bel Air. The state highway crosses over Bynum Run as it passes through Fountain Green, where the highway intersects MD 543 (Fountain Green Road).

East of MD 543, MD 22 reduces to a two-lane undivided road and passes the historic Dibb House and Tudor Hall, the latter notable for being the boyhood home of John Wilkes Booth. The state highway passes through the hamlet of Schucks Corner and intersects Thomas Run Road, which leads to Thomas Run Park, Harford Technical High School, Thomas Run Church, Medical Hall Historic District, and the historic Hays-Heighe House on the campus of Harford Community College. In the unincorporated village of Churchville, MD 22 intersects MD 136 (Calvary Road/Priestford Road) adjacent to the community's namesake, Churchville Presbyterian Church. After meeting the west end of MD 155 (Level Road) immediately to the east, the state highway curves to the south. After MD 156 (Aldino Road) splits to the east, MD 22 returns to an eastward heading to pass through the hamlet of Carsins. The state highway expands to a four-lane highway immediately before intersecting Long Drive, which serves as the entrance to Ripken Stadium, home of the Aberdeen IronBirds baseball team. A park and ride lot is located south of this intersection. Just east of the stadium complex, the state highway meets I-95 (John F. Kennedy Memorial Highway) at a six-ramp partial cloverleaf interchange.

MD 22 continues east as Aberdeen Thruway, a four-lane divided highway bypass of downtown Aberdeen that connects I-95 with Aberdeen Proving Ground. Immediately east of I-95, the state highway enters the city limits of Aberdeen and intersects Beards Hill Road. Beards Hill Road heads south as unsigned MD 132A, which leads to MD 132 (Bel Air Avenue), the old alignment of MD 22 that leads to downtown Aberdeen. MD 22 continues east through an intersection with MD 462 (Paradise Road) and curves south. The state highway continues through grade-separated crossings of CSX's Philadelphia Subdivision and Amtrak's Northeast Corridor railroad lines northeast of downtown Aberdeen. Squeezed in between the two railroad lines is MD 22's partial cloverleaf interchange with US 40 (Philadelphia Boulevard); several movements between the two highways are provided via Rogers Avenue, which intersects MD 22 between the bridges across the Philadelphia Subdivision and US 40. East of the railroads, the highway intersects Post Road, which heads north as another section of MD 132 (officially MD 132B), before reaching its eastern terminus at Bel Air Avenue just west of an entrance to Aberdeen Proving Ground. This gate is open from 5:00 am to midnight and allows entry for persons with a Government ID; visitors must use the gate along MD 715. The highway continues onto the military base as Harford Boulevard.

MD 22 is a part of the National Highway System for its entire length. The highway is a part of the main National Highway System from I-95 to Aberdeen Proving Ground and as a principal arterial from MD 924 in Bel Air to I-95.

## History

MD 22 was one of the original state roads marked for improvement by the Maryland State Roads Commission in 1909. The highway was part of the original main road from Baltimore to Aberdeen and Havre de Grace that passed through Bel Air. The Post Road, also known as the Philadelphia Road, did not become the main connection between Baltimore and Aberdeen until the 1920s. The highway from Bel Air to Churchville, part of the Bel Air Road extending west from Havre de Grace, was already improved beyond a rudimentary dirt road by 1910. The highway from Churchville to Paradise Road in Aberdeen was constructed in 1911. The portion of the state road between Bel Air and Churchville was reconstructed in 1913. The Post Road between Aberdeen and Havre de Grace was constructed as a state aid road around 1911. All three segments were constructed as a 14-foot (4.3 m) wide macadam road. The original construction did not include the portions of Bel Air Avenue and the Post Road within the limits of Aberdeen. The portion of Bel Air Avenue from Paradise Road to the Post Road and the Post Road from there to approximately the modern intersection of MD 22 and MD 132B were rebuilt as a 17-foot (5.2 m) wide concrete road in 1917. By 1920, the road was part of the Capitol Trail, an auto trail linking Atlanta and Philadelphia via Washington, D.C.

MD 22 was widened to 17 feet (5.2 m) with the addition of 3-foot (0.91 m) wide concrete shoulders around 1926, just before the highway became one of the original state-numbered highways in 1927. The Post Road became part of US 40 the same year. Both MD 22 and US 40 from Aberdeen to Havre de Grace were widened to 20 feet (6.1 m) by 1930. US 40 was relocated from the Post Road to its present alignment from Aberdeen to Havre de Grace between 1930 and 1933. MD 22 was extended north along the Post Road to MD 132B's present northern terminus by 1939. Work to further modernize MD 22 began in 1951 when Churchville Road from Bel Air to MD 156 near Churchville was straightened, widened, and resurfaced. The Bel AirChurchville work was completed in 1953; the following year, the MD 22MD 155 intersection was reconstructed. MD 22 from MD 156 to US 40 in Aberdeen was widened and resurfaced between 1954 and 1956.

The Aberdeen Thruway was constructed to improve the eastwest connection between I-95, US 40, and Aberdeen Proving Ground and to provide grade separated crossings of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (now CSX), Pennsylvania Railroad (now Amtrak), and US 40. The grade separations had been contemplated as early as 1942. Construction on the relocation of MD 22 began in 1967 and was completed in 1969. The old alignment of MD 22 from I-95 east and north through Aberdeen to US 40 near Havre de Grace was designated MD 132. Beards Hill Road was reconstructed as a divided highway between MD 132 and MD 22 and the ramps from northbound I-95 to MD 132 and from eastbound MD 22 to MD 132 were constructed by 1972. The western end of MD 22 was changed to a one-way pair when Fulford Avenue was added to the state highway system as eastbound MD 22 in Bel Air in 1979. The state highway was expanded to a divided highway from the east end of the one-way pair to MD 543 between 1994 and 1999. MD 22 was expanded to a four-lane divided highway from the I-95 overpass west to Long Drive in 2004 concurrent with the transformation of the original diamond interchange with I-95 to a partial cloverleaf with collector-distributor lanes.

## Junction list

The entire route is in Harford County.

| Location | mi
 | km | Destinations | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Bel Air | 0.00 | 0.00 |

US 1 Bus. north / MD 924 north (Main Street) Hickory, Forest Hill | Western terminus |
| Fountain Green | 2.05 | 3.30 | MD 543 (Fountain Green Road) Hickory, Riverside |  |
| Churchville | 5.50 | 8.85 | MD 136 (Priestford Road/Calvary Road) Creswell, Dublin |  |
| | 5.62 | 9.04 |
MD 155 east (Level Road) Havre de Grace | Western terminus of MD 155 |
| | 6.32 | 10.17 |
MD 156 east (Aldino Road) Aldino | Western terminus of MD 156 |
| Aberdeen | 9.82 | 15.80 | I-95 (John F. Kennedy Memorial Highway) Baltimore, New York | I-95 Exit 85 |
| | 10.30 | 16.58 |
Beards Hill Road to MD 132 | Beards Hill Road south is officially MD 132A |
| | 11.01 | 17.72 | MD 462 (Paradise Road) |  |
| | 11.84 | 19.05 | US 40 (Philadelphia Boulevard) Havre de Grace, Aberdeen | Partial cloverleaf interchange |
| | 12.91 | 20.78 | Entrance to Aberdeen Proving Ground | Eastern terminus |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
 | | | | | |

## Auxiliary routes

* MD 22A is the designation for Old Section MD 22, a 0.13-mile (0.21 km) section of old alignment of MD 22 that serves several houses on the westbound side of MD 22 immediately to the west of the MD 22I-95 interchange. MD 22A was designated in 2004 when MD 22 was relocated slightly to the south as part of the construction of the divided highway to the west of I-95.
* MD 22B is the designation for Old MD 22 Spur, a 0.02-mile (0.032 km) road connecting MD 22 north to MD 22A. MD 22B was designated in 2011.

Template:Attached KML/Maryland Route 22KML is from Wikidata

## InfoBox

| Maryland Route 22 | |
| --- | --- |
| Maryland Route 22 highlighted in red | |
| Route information | |
| Maintained by MDSHA | |
| Length | 12.91 mi (20.78 km) |
| Existed | 1927–present |
| Major junctions | |
| West end | US 1 Bus. / MD 924 in Bel Air |
| Major intersections |  |
| East end | Aberdeen Proving Ground in Aberdeen |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Maryland |
| Counties | Harford |
|  | |
| Highway system | |
|  | |
| MD 21   MD 23 | |


title: Martsa ng Taguig

abstract: "Martsa ng Taguig", also known as "Awit ng Bayang Taguig (Martsa)", and generally referred to as the Taguig Hymn, is the official anthem of the city of Taguig in the Philippines.

text:
# Martsa ng Taguig

"***Martsa ng Taguig***" (Filipino for "Taguig March"), also known as "***Awit ng Bayang Taguig (Martsa)***" ("The Song of Taguig (March)"), and generally referred to as the **Taguig Hymn**, is the official anthem of the city of Taguig in the Philippines.

## History

During the tenure of the former municipal mayor Rodolfo de Guzman, he suggested to several local officials including Councilor Mario Reyes of Barangay Calzada and Councilor Dr. Rene Labuntog of Signal Village that Taguig must have an official hymn.

Subsequently, a meeting was held on May 12, 1989, between Mayor de Guzman and the officers and members of Banda-1 Tipas Foundation, Inc. led by its president, Felipe C. Santos, vice-president Engr. Danilo Dueñas, advisor BIR Deputy Commissioner Eufracio Santos, members of the Board of Directors Engr. Ricardo Natividad, Resty Mañosca, Ador Estacio, Noli Lagkalinawan, Francisco Mariano, Venancio Cruz, Jacinto Herrera, Brigido Manalo and coordinator Charlie Prophet, to inspire the plan to create the Hymn and Song of Taguig.

In order to accomplish this more, the group approached Lt. Col. Demetrio E. De Jesus, the then-leader and conductor of the Philippine Constabulary Band for the music and Victoriano R. Dimaguila for the lyrics. There was also a consultation with National Artist Lucio San Pedro to ask for a comment on the created song.

On March 28, 1990, during a gathering at the grounds of the Taguig Town Government, Santos formally presented the anthem and hymn's music sheet to de Guzman. Following this, the anthem was heard for the first time to the public, as being sung by the Metro Manila Commission Choir Group, accompanied by the Banda 1 Tipas Foundation.

On July 26, 2016, De Jesus' original music sheet of the anthem and hymn was given to Taguig Heritage Society during its exhibit in Plaza Quezon in Brgy. Sta Ana for safe custody of THS and is destined to be housed when the Taguig City Museum is built.

De Jesus and Dimaguila were honored and recognized by mayor Lani Cayetano on October 3, 2022, as outstanding citizens of the city in their contribution.

On October 17, 2022, Councilor Gigi Valenzuela De Mesa filed City Resolution No. 31 s. 2022 in the City Council that the anthem is recognized as the Official Hymn of the City of Taguig and encouraged that this should be sung after Lupang Hinirang at all levels of public and private schools in Taguig and in the barangays and offices of the Taguig subjugated government during gatherings and flag raising ceremonies. The resolution would be later approved by all members of the city council led by vice-mayor Arvin Alit.

For the first time since the resolution on the adoption of the song as approved by the City Council, the song was sung at the start of the 18th Regular Session of the 7th City Council on November 7, 2022.

## Lyrics

The anthem's lyrics is to serve as inspiration and the love and appreciation for Taguig.

## InfoBox

Martsa ng Taguig
| English: Taguig March | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| ---  City anthem of Taguig  --- | |
| Also known as | Awit ng Bayang Taguig (Martsa) (English: The Song of Taguig (March)) |
| Lyrics | Victoriano R. Dimaguila, 1989 |
| Music | Demetrio E. De Jesus, 1989 |
| Adopted | March 28, 1990 (first performance)<br>October 17, 2022 (as official hymn) |
|  | |
| Audio sample | |
| Rendition recorded by the Taguig Employees Choral Group, 1998. | |
|  | |


title: Freeport Subdivision

abstract: The Freeport Subdivision is a railroad line in Illinois which runs from 16th Street in downtown Chicago to Freeport, Illinois. It is owned and operated by the Canadian National Railway (CN). As of 2016 the line is almost exclusively freight-only, with only a small segment within Chicago, between 21st Street in Chinatown and Ashland Avenue in Bridgeport, hosting Amtrak and Metra passenger trains. The line is 113.5 miles (182.7 km) long. At its east end it joins with the St. Charles Air Line and the Chicago Subdivision in Chicago's South Loop. From there to the interchange with the Indiana Harbor Belt Railroad in Broadview, Illinois, it is double-tracked and CTC-controlled. From Broadview to Freeport, Illinois, it is single-tracked and controlled by CTC. The maximum speed over the line is 50 miles per hour (80 km/h). The section between 16th Street and 21st Street mostly handles traffic between CN's Chicago yards; Amtrak trains such as the City of New Orleans, Illini, and Saluki also use it when the St. Charles Air Line is out of service. The Illinois Central Railroad opened its line between Chicago and Freeport in 1891, giving it a direct route between Chicago and Iowa. The Illinois Central Gulf Railroad, successor to the Illinois Central, sold the line between Hawthorne Yard in Cicero, Illinois, and Freeport in 1985 to the Chicago Central and Pacific Railroad. The Illinois Central, after dropping the "Gulf" portion of its name in the late 1980s, reacquired the route in 1996. The IC operated the Illinois Central West Line on this subdivision in 1892 before discontinuing it in 1931. It also operated passenger trains on the subdivision until the startup of Amtrak on May 1, 1971; Amtrak did not retain the Chicago–Sioux City, Iowa, Hawkeye. Passenger service returned on February 14, 1974, with the introduction of the Black Hawk between Chicago and Dubuque, Iowa. This service ended on September 30, 1981.

text:
# Freeport Subdivision

The **Freeport Subdivision** is a railroad line in Illinois which runs from 16th Street in downtown Chicago to Freeport, Illinois. It is owned and operated by the Canadian National Railway (CN). As of 2016 the line is almost exclusively freight-only, with only a small segment within Chicago, between 21st Street in Chinatown and Ashland Avenue in Bridgeport, hosting Amtrak and Metra passenger trains.

The line is 113.5 miles (182.7 km) long. At its east end it joins with the St. Charles Air Line and the Chicago Subdivision in Chicago's South Loop. From there to the interchange with the Indiana Harbor Belt Railroad in Broadview, Illinois, it is double-tracked and CTC-controlled. From Broadview to Freeport, Illinois, it is single-tracked and controlled by CTC. The maximum speed over the line is 50 miles per hour (80 km/h). The section between 16th Street and 21st Street mostly handles traffic between CN's Chicago yards; Amtrak trains such as the *City of New Orleans*, *Illini*, and *Saluki* also use it when the St. Charles Air Line is out of service.

The Illinois Central Railroad opened its line between Chicago and Freeport in 1891, giving it a direct route between Chicago and Iowa. The Illinois Central Gulf Railroad, successor to the Illinois Central, sold the line between Hawthorne Yard in Cicero, Illinois, and Freeport (and on to Iowa) in 1985 to the Chicago Central and Pacific Railroad. The Illinois Central, after dropping the "Gulf" portion of its name in the late 1980s, reacquired the route in 1996. The IC operated the Illinois Central West Line on this subdivision in 1892 before discontinuing it in 1931. It also operated passenger trains on the subdivision until the startup of Amtrak on May 1, 1971; Amtrak did not retain the Chicago–Sioux City, Iowa, *Hawkeye*. Passenger service returned on February 14, 1974, with the introduction of the *Black Hawk* between Chicago and Dubuque, Iowa. This service ended on September 30, 1981.

## InfoBox

| Freeport Subdivision | |
| --- | --- |
| The Freeport Subdivision as seen from Berwyn, Illinois | |
| Overview | |
| Owner | Canadian National Railway |
| Locale | Illinois |
| Termini |  |
| Service | |
| Type | Freight rail |
| History | |
| Opened | 1891 (1891) |
| Technical | |
| Line length | 113.5 mi (182.7 km) |
| Number of tracks | 1-2 |
| Track gauge | 4 ft 8+12 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge |
| Operating speed | 50 mph (80 km/h) |
| Route map | |


title: University of Human Arts and Sciences

abstract: University of Human Arts and Sciences The University of Human Arts and Sciences is a private distance learning university with headquarters in Iwatsuki-ku, Saitama, Saitama, Japan, established in 2000. It has a satellite campus in Chiyoda, Tokyo. The predecessor of the university, Tokyo Chiropractic School, was founded in 1953.

text:
# University of Human Arts and Sciences

The **University of Human Arts and Sciences** (Japanese: 人間総合科学大学, Hepburn: *Ningen sōgō kagaku daigaku*) is a private distance learning university with headquarters in Iwatsuki-ku, Saitama, Saitama, Japan, established in 2000. It has a satellite campus in Chiyoda, Tokyo. The predecessor of the university, Tokyo Chiropractic School, was founded in 1953.

35°58′15″N 139°39′30″E / 35.970790°N 139.658320°E / 35.970790; 139.658320

## InfoBox

University of Human Arts and Sciences
| 人間総合科学大学 | |
| --- | --- |
| Type | Private |
| Established | 1953 (1953) |
| President | Takeshi Kusumi |
| Address | 1288 Magome, Iwatsuki-ku, Saitama, Saitama Prefecture, Japan |
| Website | human.ac.jp |


title: Margaret Clarke-Kwestie

abstract: Margaret Clarke-Kwesie is a former Ghanaian politician and Deputy Minister of Health from 1993 to 2001 under the Rawlings government. In the 1996 General Elections held in Ghana, she won the seat as the Member of Parliament for Ga South Constituency under the flag of the National Democratic Congress with 52.20%.

text:
# Margaret Clarke-Kwestie

**Margaret Clarke-Kwesie** is a former Ghanaian politician and Deputy Minister of Health from 1993 to 2001 under the Rawlings government. In the 1996 General Elections held in Ghana, she won the seat as the Member of Parliament for Ga South Constituency under the flag of the National Democratic Congress with 52.20%**.**

## Early life and education

Clarke-Kwestie is a Ghanaian and was a Principal Economic Planning Officer at the Ministry of Finance & Economic Planning before entering into politics as a Member of Parliament for Ga South constituency, a former Deputy Minister of Health and Education and also Minister of State at the Office of the President who attended Wesley Grammar school. Clarke-Kwestie served on the boards of the Oil Research Institute, the Scientific Instrumentation Centre of CSIR and the GIHOC Cannery of Nsawam. She has been on the board of EIC since 1984. Clarke-Kwesie became Ghana's Ambassador to the Republic of South Korea in the year 2009. She was also the a Director of Enterprise Group and a Board of Enterprise Group Limited.

## Politics

Clarke-Kwestie was first elected as a member of parliament for the Ga South constituency in the Greater Accra region of Ghana during the 1996 Ghanaian general elections on the ticket of the National Democratic Congress hence making her a member of the second parliament of the fourth republic of Ghana. She was elected with a total valid vote cast of 49,758. This was equivalent to 52.20% of the total valid votes cast. She was elected over Eric Busby Quartey-Papafio of the National Democratic Congress, Jesse Nii Adu Commey Randol of the Convention People's Party, Daniel Addoquaye Pappoe of the People's National Convention and Amekah Kwadzo John of the Great Consolidated Popular Party. These Obtained 19,180, 3,092, 2,416 and 1,485 votes respectively out of the total valid votes cast. these were equivalent to 20.10%, 3.20%, 2.50% and 1.60% respectively of the total valid votes.

## InfoBox

| Hon.Magaret Clarke-kwestie | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Ghana Parliament
for Ga South | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
7 January 1997 | |
| Minister of State | |
| Deputy Minister for Health and Education | |
| President | Jerry Rawlings |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Ghana |
| Political party | National Democratic Congress |
| Alma mater | Wesley Grammar School |
| Occupation | Former minister of state, member of parliament and diplomat |
|  | |