title: Zhadnost: The People's Party

abstract: Zhadnost: The People's Party is a video game developed and published by British company Studio 3DO for the 3DO.

text:
# Zhadnost: The People's Party

***Zhadnost: The People's Party*** is a video game developed and published by British company Studio 3DO for the 3DO.

## Gameplay

*Zhadnost: The People's Party* is a game show consisting of a several simple contests, involving full motion video for contestants and cutscenes.

## Development and release

*Zhadnost: The People’s Party* was developed by Studio 3DO for the company's 3DO Interactive Multiplayer console. It is the sequel to *Twisted: The Game Show* with both games being designed and directed by industry veteran Jim Eisenstein. *Zhadnost* was originally called *The All New People’s Game Show* when it was announced in early 1995. "Zhadnost" (жадность) is the Russian word for "greed". The term "party" in the title is a pun of its meanings for hosted celebration and a political organization, as the game largely parodies stereotypical views of communism and the former Soviet Union. This was one of only a handful of projects worked on by Kurt Kaufman for the developer, who served as the game's computer graphics art director. Kaufman claimed that *Zhadnost* was an exception to The 3DO Company's resistance to deviate from creating products within popular genres at the time including fighting, shooting, and sports. "*Zhadnost* was actually somewhat experimental, I thought," he said. "It was a little bit of a success story that that got finished and sold and published." *Zhadnost* was one of the few 3DO exclusives to have its soundtrack released commercially. Composed by George Sanger, it was featured on his album *Surf.com*.

## Reception

*Next Generation* reviewed the 3DO version of the game, rating it three stars out of five, and stated that "It makes a great party game, but wears thin too quickly."

## InfoBox

| Zhadnost: The People's Party | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Developer(s) | Studio 3DO |
| Publisher(s) | Studio 3DO |
| Platform(s) | 3DO |
| Release |  |
| Genre(s) | Party |
| Mode(s) | Multiplayer |


title: 1984 Summer Olympics medal table

abstract: The 1984 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXIII Olympiad, were a summer multi-sport event held in Los Angeles, California, United States, from July 28 to August 12. A total of 6,829 athletes from 140 nations participated in 221 events in 21 sports. Overall, 47 nations received at least one medal, and 25 of them won at least one gold medal. Athletes from host nation United States won the most medals overall, with 174, and the most gold medals, with 83. The former record was the largest overall medal haul for the nation since the 1904 edition; the latter record was the highest gold medal tally at a single Games in Olympic history and the most for a host nation. It marked the first time the United States led the medal count in both gold and overall medals since 1968. Sports commentators noted that the absence of the Soviet Union and various other Eastern Bloc nations stemming from a boycott contributed to the highly skewed medal results benefitting the United States and other countries. Romania won the second most gold medals (20) and the third most total medals (53), marking its highest medal tally in history. West Germany won the third most gold medals, with 17, and the second most total medals, with 59. Runner Carl Lewis and gymnast Ecaterina Szabo won the most gold medals at the games with four each. Gymnast Li Ning won the greatest number of medals overall, winning six in total. Morocco and Portugal won their first Olympic gold medals. Algeria, Dominican Republic, Ivory Coast, Syria, and Zambia won their nation's first Olympic medals.

text:
# 1984 Summer Olympics medal table

The 1984 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the *XXIII Olympiad*, were a summer multi-sport event held in Los Angeles, California, United States, from July 28 to August 12. A total of 6,829 athletes from 140 nations participated in 221 events in 21 sports.

Overall, 47 nations received at least one medal, and 25 of them won at least one gold medal. Athletes from host nation United States won the most medals overall, with 174, and the most gold medals, with 83. The former record was the largest overall medal haul for the nation since the 1904 edition; the latter record was the highest gold medal tally at a single Games in Olympic history and the most for a host nation. It marked the first time the United States led the medal count in both gold and overall medals since 1968. Sports commentators noted that the absence of the Soviet Union and various other Eastern Bloc nations stemming from a boycott contributed to the highly skewed medal results benefitting the United States and other countries. Romania won the second most gold medals (20) and the third most total medals (53), marking its highest medal tally in history. West Germany won the third most gold medals, with 17, and the second most total medals, with 59.

Runner Carl Lewis and gymnast Ecaterina Szabo won the most gold medals at the games with four each. Gymnast Li Ning won the greatest number of medals overall, winning six in total. Morocco and Portugal won their first Olympic gold medals. Algeria, Dominican Republic, Ivory Coast, Syria, and Zambia won their nation's first Olympic medals.

## Medal table

The medal table is based on information provided by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and is consistent with IOC convention in its published medal tables. The table uses the Olympic medal table sorting method. By default, the table is ordered by the number of gold medals the athletes from a nation have won, where a nation is an entity represented by a National Olympic Committee (NOC). The number of silver medals is taken into consideration next, and then the number of bronze medals. If teams are still tied, equal ranking is given and they are listed alphabetically by their IOC country code.

In the boxing and judo events, two bronze medals are awarded in each weight class. Two gold medals (and no silver medals) were awarded for first place ties in the women's uneven bars, women's balance beam, and men's rings gymnastics events. Four silver medals (and no bronze) were awarded in the men's vault gymnastics competition. Two bronze medals were awarded for third-place ties in both the women's 100 metre hurdles and the men's pole vault competitions.

Key

Changes in medal standings (see below)

*   Host nation (United States)

1984 Summer Olympics medal table
| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | United States* | 83 | 61 | 30 | 174 |
| 2 | Romania | 20 | 16 | 17 | 53 |
| 3 | West Germany | 17 | 19 | 23 | 59 |
| 4 | China | 15 | 8 | 9 | 32 |
| 5 | Italy | 14 | 6 | 12 | 32 |
| 6 | Canada | 10 | 18 | 16 | 44 |
| 7 | Japan | 10 | 8 | 14 | 32 |
| 8 | New Zealand | 8 | 1 | 2 | 11 |
| 9 | Yugoslavia | 7 | 4 | 7 | 18 |
| 10 | South Korea | 6 | 6 | 7 | 19 |
| 11 | Great Britain | 5 | 11 | 21 | 37 |
| 12 | France | 5 | 7 | 16 | 28 |
| 13 | Netherlands | 5 | 2 | 6 | 13 |
| 14 | Australia | 4 | 8 | 12 | 24 |
| 15 | Finland | 4 | 2 | 6 | 12 |
| 16 | Sweden | 2 | 11 | 6 | 19 |
| 17 | Mexico | 2 | 3 | 1 | 6 |
| 18 | Morocco | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 19 | Brazil | 1 | 5 | 2 | 8 |
| 20 | Spain | 1 | 2 | 2 | 5 |
| 21 | Belgium | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 |
| 22 | Austria | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| 23 | Kenya | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 |
| | Portugal | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 |
| 25 | Pakistan | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 26 | Switzerland | 0 | 4 | 4 | 8 |
| 27 | Denmark | 0 | 3 | 3 | 6 |
| 28 | Jamaica | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| | Norway | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 30 | Greece | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| | Nigeria | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| | Puerto Rico | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 33 | Colombia | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| | Egypt | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| | Ireland | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| | Ivory Coast | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| | Peru | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| | Syria | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| | Thailand | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 40 | Turkey | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 |
| | Venezuela | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 |
| 42 | Algeria | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 43 | Cameroon | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| | Chinese Taipei | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| | Dominican Republic | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| | Iceland | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| | Zambia | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (47 entries) | | 226 | 219 | 243 | 688 |

## Changes in medal standings

Key
| Color / symbol | Meaning |
| --- | --- |
|  | Disqualified athlete(s) |

List of official changes in medal standings
| Ruling date | Sport/Event | Athlete (NOC) |  |  |  | Total | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| August 5, 1984 | Wrestling
Men's Greco-Roman +100 kg | Tomas Johansson (SWE) |  | -1 |  | −1 | On August 5, 1984, the IOC stripped Swedish wrestler Tomas Johansson of his silver medal in the men's Greco-Roman +100 kg competition after he tested positive for the anabolic steroid Primobolan. As a result, Yugoslavian bronze medalist Refik Memišević was awarded silver, and the fourth-placed Victor Dolipschi of Romania was awarded bronze. |
| | Refik Memišević (YUG) |  | +1 | −1 | 0 | |
| | Victor Dolipschi (ROM) |  |  | +1 | +1 | |
| August 13, 1984 | Athletics
Athletics, Men's 10,000 m | Martti Vainio (FIN) |  | -1 |  | −1 | On August 13, 1984, the IOC stripped Finnish long-distance runner Martti Vainio of his silver medal in the men's 10,000 m race after failing an anti-doping test. As a result, bronze medalist Mike McLeod of Great Britain was awarded silver, and Kenyan runner Michael Musyoki, who placed fourth in the competition, was awarded bronze. |
| | Mike McLeod (GBR) |  | +1 | −1 | 0 | |
| | Michael Musyoki (KEN) |  |  | +1 | +1 | |

List of official changes by country
| NOC | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Net Change |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Finland (FIN) | 0 | −1 | 0 | −1 |
| Sweden (SWE) | 0 | -1 | 0 | −1 |
| Great Britain (GBR) | 0 | +1 | –1 | 0 |
| Yugoslavia (YUG) | 0 | +1 | –1 | 0 |
| Kenya (KEN) | 0 | 0 | +1 | +1 |
| Romania (ROM) | 0 | 0 | +1 | +1 |

1. "Los Angeles 1984". International Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on May 2, 2021. Retrieved February 26, 2012.
2. "Los Angeles 1984: An indelible legacy". International Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on May 20, 2019. Retrieved September 23, 2019.
3. Penner, Mike (December 29, 1999). "Games R Us". *Los Angeles Times*. Archived from the original on August 27, 2021. Retrieved September 23, 2012.
4. Yake, D. Byron (August 13, 1984). "U.S. Breaks Record with 83 Gold Medals". *The Star Press*. p. 11.
5. Murphy, Bryan (July 31, 2021). "Which Countries Have Won the Most Olympic Medals?". NBC Sports. Archived from the original on August 17, 2021. Retrieved August 24, 2021.
6. Litsky, Frank (August 13, 1984). "Questions Lingers As Games Close: What If Everyone Had Competed?". *The New York Times*. Archived from the original on April 6, 2017. Retrieved September 7, 2021.
7. "Los Angeles 1984 Olympic Games/". United States Olympic & Paralympic Museum. Archived from the original on November 25, 2020. Retrieved February 23, 2021.
8. "Survival the Keynote with Just a Touch of Brilliance". *The Sydney Morning Herald*. December 27, 1984. p. 19.
9. Gillette, Robert (July 28, 1985). "'They Were Real Risks Involved'". *Los Angeles Times*. Archived from the original on September 8, 2021. Retrieved July 27, 2021.
10. "Romania". Olympedia. Archived from the original on August 11, 2021. Retrieved July 27, 2021.
11. Mathew, Jay (August 8, 1984). "Politics Polishes Romanians' Olympic Medals". *The Washington Post*. Archived from the original on August 28, 2017. Retrieved September 23, 2012.
12. Mulvenney, Nick (August 8, 2008). "Li Ning, "Prince of Gymnasts" and Businessman". *Reuters*. Archived from the original on November 4, 2020. Retrieved February 24, 2021.
13. Wharton, David (July 2, 2000). "Fall Guy". *Los Angeles Times*. Archived from the original on March 11, 2022. Retrieved March 10, 2024.
14. Moran, Malcolm (August 13, 1984). "Marathon; Lopes of Portugal Winner of Men's Marathon". *The New York Times*. Archived from the original on August 11, 2021. Retrieved July 27, 2021.
15. Multiple sources:
16. Moran, Malcolm (August 6, 1984). "First Women's Olympic Marathon to Benoit". *The New York Times*. Archived from the original on August 17, 2021. Retrieved August 17, 2021.
17. Solomon, George (August 12, 1984). "Lewis Gets Record with His 4th Gold". *The Washington Post*. Archived from the original on August 28, 2017. Retrieved August 17, 2021.
18. Dodds, Tracy (August 2, 1984). "Michael Gross: West Germany's World Record-Holder Prefers to Fly Away from the Lime Light". *Los Angeles Times*. pp. 90, 121.
19. Litsky, Frank (August 6, 1984). "Swimming; Different Results with Soviet Bloc". *The New York Times*. Archived from the original on August 14, 2024. Retrieved February 26, 2024.
20. Reilly, Rick (August 12, 1984). "Coe Wins Race of Attrition". *Los Angeles Times*. pp. 126, 166.
21. "Coe Left His Mark on 1984 Olympics". *The New York Times*. August 13, 1984. Archived from the original on August 14, 2024. Retrieved February 29, 2024.
22. Mifflin, Lawrie (August 3, 1984). "Gushiken of Japan Rallies to Win All-Around Title". *The New York Times*. Archived from the original on May 24, 2015. Retrieved February 9, 2020.
23. "Swimmers, Gymnasts Close Up on Note". *The Lompoc Record*. August 5, 1984. p. B2.
24. Ostlere, Lawrence (August 11, 2024). "Olympic medal table: USA beat China to top spot at Paris 2024". *The Independent*. Archived from the original on August 12, 2024. Retrieved August 12, 2024.
25. Araton, Harvey (August 18, 2008). "A Medal Count That Adds Up To Little". *The New York Times*. Archived from the original on March 21, 2023. Retrieved July 25, 2024.
26. Cons, Roddy (August 10, 2024). "What happens if two countries are tied in the Olympic medal table? Tiebreaker rules explained". *Diario AS*. Archived from the original on August 11, 2024. Retrieved August 11, 2024.
27. "Boxing". NBC Sports. Archived from the original on January 28, 2021. Retrieved February 17, 2021.
28. "International Judo Federation". International Olympic Committee. Archived from the original on October 25, 2020. Retrieved February 17, 2021.
29. "Americans Rediscover Gym Skills". *The Arizona Republic*. July 13, 1984. p. C1.
30. "Women Dominates Day's Events; Moses Marches On". *Los Angeles Times*. August 6, 1984. p. 64.
31. "On a Night of Perfect 10s, Li at the Pinnacle with 3 Golds". *Detroit Free Press*. August 5, 1984. p. 10-E.
32. "Chinese Gymnast Takes Three Gold, One Silver". *The Age*. August 6, 1984. p. 25.
33. "Seven Other Olympic Instances of Duplicate or Delayed Medals". *The Baltimore Sun*. Archived from the original on July 12, 2021. Retrieved August 31, 2021.
34. "BYU's Padilla Hangs Up 'No Smoking' Sign at L.A. Games". *The Salt Lake Tribune*. August 11, 1984. p. B6.
35. "1984 Summer Olympics Overview". Olympedia. Archived from the original on October 7, 2020. Retrieved September 23, 2020.
36. "Swede Loses Silver For Using Steroids". *The New York Times*. August 6, 1984. Archived from the original on August 28, 2020. Retrieved July 21, 2021.
37. "Doping Cases Might Not Be Decided Until November". *Los Angeles Times*. August 14, 1984. p. 83.

## InfoBox

| 1984 Summer Olympics medals | |
| --- | --- |
| Carl Lewis *(pictured)* tied Ecaterina Szabo for most gold medals won at the 1984 Summer Olympics at four apiece. | |
| Location | Los Angeles,  United States |
| Highlights | |
| Most gold medals | United States (83) |
| Most total medals | United States (174) |
| Medalling NOCs | 47 |
|


title: Tshokwe

abstract:
Tshokwe is a village in Central District of Botswana. The village is located south-east of Francistown, near the border with Zimbabwe, and it has a primary school. The population was 897 according to the 2001 census. Tshokwe is 20 kilometres (12 mi) north of the village of Tobane, to which it is connected by a footpath.
The village is extremely poor, and was afflicted by an outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease, which caused the cattle to be destroyed.
Although the government has provided power lines and water pipes for connection to homesteads, most of the people cannot afford the connections.
The government has been attempting to assist through affirmative action, where residents of remote communities are given preference in government hiring programs. The village is southeast of the Dikgatlhong Dam, which was constructed between 2008.
Before work started on the dam, the government arranged for counselling services on AIDS both to construction workers and to residents of Chokwe as well as of the Mmadinare, Robelela, Matopi, Matsiloje and Patayamatebele villages.
Preparations were made for additional demands for health and policing services.

text:
# Tshokwe

**Tshokwe** (or **Chokwe**) is a village in Central District of Botswana. The village is located south-east of Francistown, near the border with Zimbabwe, and it has a primary school. The population was 897 according to the 2001 census.

Tshokwe is 20 kilometres (12 mi) north of the village of Tobane, to which it is connected by a footpath. The village is extremely poor, and was afflicted by an outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease, which caused the cattle to be destroyed. Although the government has provided power lines and water pipes for connection to homesteads, most of the people cannot afford the connections. The government has been attempting to assist through affirmative action, where residents of remote communities are given preference in government hiring programs.

The village is southeast of the Dikgatlhong Dam, which was constructed between 2008. Before work started on the dam, the government arranged for counselling services on AIDS both to construction workers and to residents of Chokwe as well as of the Mmadinare, Robelela, Matopi, Matsiloje and Patayamatebele villages. Preparations were made for additional demands for health and policing services.

**Sources**

* "Affirmative action benefits 22 in Tshokwe". *BOPA Daily News*. 5 September 2012. Retrieved 24 September 2012.
* "Distribution of population by sex by villages and their associated localities: 2001 population and housing census". Archived from the original on 24 November 2007. Retrieved 8 January 2008.
* Kedikilwe, Ponatshego H.K. (1 February 2008). "Statement ... on the occasion of the Ground-breaking Ceremony ... of the Polometsi/Dikgatlhong Dam and Housing component, Robelela Village" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 21 September 2012.
* Modikwa, Onalenna (27 June 2012). "Tshokwe's abject poverty nullifies eradication efforts". *Mmegi Online*. Retrieved 24 September 2012.

## InfoBox

| Tshokwe | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Tshokwe | |
| Coordinates: 21°44′39″S 28°07′00″E / 21.7441°S 28.1167°E / -21.7441; 28.1167 | |
| Country | Botswana |
| District | Central District |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (Central Africa Time) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (not observed) |


title: Skyllbergs bruk

abstract: Skyllbergs bruk is a Swedish, industrial enterprise based in Skyllberg, Askersund Municipality. Tracing its origins to 1346, it is one of the oldest companies in Sweden.

text:
# Skyllbergs bruk

**Skyllbergs bruk** is a Swedish, industrial enterprise based in Skyllberg, Askersund Municipality. Tracing its origins to 1346, it is one of the oldest companies in Sweden.

## History

Skyllberg is mentioned for the first time in 1346, when King Magnus IV of Sweden donated iron manufacturing workshops in Skyllberg, Rönne and Åmme to Riseberga Abbey. During the Reformation, the works were expropriated by the Crown and in 1646 Queen Christina of Sweden donated Skyllberg iron works to Louis Fineman. It soon ended up in the hands of Fineman's partner Louis De Geer. It stayed in the De Geer family for five generations. Subsequently it belonged to the Burenstam family until 1888, when it was acquired by Ivan Svensson. The Svensson family still owns the company.

## Company activities

Skyllbergs bruk is an industrial enterprise with its origins in iron and steel processing. It remains the main focus of the company, and its activities in the area include robot welding, iron nail production and wire drawing. In addition, the company also engages in electricity production and sales (selling electricity to around 1,400 people) and owns and manages circa 1,600 hectares (6.2 sq mi) of forest and arable land. The company employs circa 150 persons (in 2016).


title: Zsuzsa Szabó

abstract: Zsuzsa Szabó is a retired Hungarian middle-distance runner. She competed at the 1964 Olympics in the 800 m and finished in fourth place. Two years later she won a gold and a silver medal in this event at the European indoor and outdoor championships, respectively.

text:
# Zsuzsa Szabó

**Zsuzsa Szabó** (née Nagy; born 16 January 1940) is a retired Hungarian middle-distance runner. She competed at the 1964 Olympics in the 800 m and finished in fourth place. Two years later she won a gold and a silver medal in this event at the European indoor and outdoor championships, respectively.

## InfoBox

Zsuzsa Szabó
| Zsuzsa Szabó at the 1964 Olympics | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Born | 16 January 1940 (1940-01-16) (age 84)<br>Pécs, Baranya, Hungary |
| Height | 1.65 m (5 ft 5 in) |
| Weight | 53 kg (117 lb) |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Athletics |
| Event | 800 m |
| Club | BEAC, Budapest |
| Achievements and titles | |
| Personal best | 2:03.1 (1966) |
| Medal record      Representing  Hungary  European Athletics Championships  1966 Budapest 800 m  European Indoor Games  1966 Dortmund 800 m | |


title: Thames Valley Harriers

abstract: Thames Valley Harriers (TVH) is an athletics club founded in 1887. It is based at the Linford Christie Stadium, in West London, England, which is named after member and Olympic 100 metres gold medallist Linford Christie. In track and field, TVH competes in the Premiership Division of the National Athletics League (NAL) as well as the Division 1 of the Southern Athletics League. The club has won all of its matches in the NAL since its inception in 2021 and is the sole winner of the Premiership trophy. The club also competes in road running and cross country at national, regional and county level. In recognition of the club's recent success - and TVH's record of strong contribution to its local community - England Athletics voted Thames Valley Harriers the top London Club for 2015.

text:
# Thames Valley Harriers

**Thames Valley Harriers** (TVH) is an athletics club founded in 1887. It is based at the Linford Christie Stadium, in West London, England, which is named after member and Olympic 100 metres gold medallist Linford Christie.

In track and field, TVH competes in the Premiership Division of the National Athletics League (NAL) as well as the Division 1 of the Southern Athletics League. The club has won all of its matches in the NAL since its inception in 2021 and is the sole winner of the Premiership trophy.

The club also competes in road running and cross country at national, regional and county level. In recognition of the club's recent success - and TVH's record of strong contribution to its local community - England Athletics voted Thames Valley Harriers the top London Club for 2015.

## History

Thames Valley Harriers is one of the UK's longest-established and most successful athletics clubs. It was founded in 1887  by seven aspiring cross-country runners who used the 'Peels' coffee house in Richmond Road, West London as a base for their training runs. Christened the East Twickenham Harriers, the club flourished and to reflect its widening horizons took the name Thames Valley Harriers on 14 November 1890.

TVH became a force both on the track and in endurance races. The 1908 Olympics at nearby White City Stadium increased the club's profile and a first Olympian was secured in 1936 when George Traynor competed in the long jump alongside Jesse Owens.

Other standout performers included Ken Norris who finished second in the 1954 world cross country championships and Ron Hopcroft who set world records for both the 50 and 100 miles. TVH was also the club where middle-distance coach Frank Horwill first developed his methods, including the creation of the British Milers Club in 1963.

TVH was a founding member of the British Athletics League in 1969 and enjoyed great success over the next two decades, winning the title three times and finishing in the top three on a total of 14 occasions, as well as achieving multiple wins in the Southern road relays and cross country championships.

This success provided the momentum for the club to build a new clubhouse at the West London Stadium by Wormwood Scrubs, which was completed in 1979. From this platform emerged TVH's greatest ever athlete – Linford Christie - who claimed a haul of international sprint medals including 1992 Olympic 100m gold in Barcelona. The West London Stadium was renamed the Linford Christie Stadium in his honour and he still serves as the Club President.

2021 saw the launch of a new National Athletics League, combining the former British Athletics League (BAL) for men and UK Women's Athletics League (UKWAL) into one competition. Thames Valley Harriers won all four of the club's matches to win the title.

## Honours

### National Athletics League

Premiership Trophy

* Winners: 2021, 2022

### British Athletics League (senior men)

* First Place: 1970, 1971, 1994
* Second Place: 1972, 1973, 1975, 1995, 1997
* Third Place: 1969, 1974, 1976, 1979, 1991, 1996

### UK Women's Athletic League (senior women)

* First Place: 2015, 2017, 2018, 2019
* Second Place: 2016
* Third Place: 2014

### European Club Champions Cup

* First Place: 2016

## Notable athletes

### Olympians

| Athlete | Country | Events | Olympics | Medals |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| George Traynor |  | long jump | 1936 |
| Alec Olney |  | 5000 metres | 1948 |
| Michael Denley |  | javelin throw | 1952 |
| Ken Norris |  | 10000 metres | 1956 |
| David Segal |  | 100 metres, 200 metres, 4x100 metres relay | 1956, 1960 |  |
| Jimmy Omagbemi |  | 200 metres4x100 metres relay | 1960, 1964 |
| Mike Wiggs |  | 1500 metres | 1960, 1964 |
| Alf Meakin |  | 100 metres | 1960 |
| Dick Steane |  | 200 metres | 1964 |
| Martin Reynolds |  | 400 metres4x400 metres relay | 1972 |  |
| Steve Green |  | 4x100 metres relay | 1980 |
| Rod Milne |  | 4x400 metres relay | 1980 |
| Clifford Mamba |  | 100 metres, 200 metres | 1984 |
| Linford Christie |  | 100 metres, 4x100 metres relay | 1988, 1992, 1996 |  |
| Julian Golley |  | triple jump | 1992 |
| Sanusi Turay |  | 100 metres, 4x100 metres relay | 1992, 1996 |
| Ambwene Simukonda |  | 400 metres | 2012 |
| Lorraine Ugen |  | long jump | 2016, 2020 |
| Zoey Clark |  | 4x400 metres relay | 2020 |
| Ricardo dos Santos |  | 400 metres | 2020 |


title: Mount Vernon Kings

abstract: The Mount Vernon Kings was the final moniker of the minor league baseball teams based in Mount Vernon, Illinois, U.S. between 1910 and 1954. Mount Vernon last played as members of the Mississippi–Ohio Valley League from 1949 to 1954, a league that evolved into today's Midwest League. Mount Vernon teams previously played as members of the Southern Illinois League in 1910 and Illinois State League in 1947 and 1948. The Mount Vernon franchise permanently folded after the 1954 season.

text:
# Mount Vernon Kings

The **Mount Vernon Kings** was the final moniker of the minor league baseball teams based in Mount Vernon, Illinois, U.S. between 1910 and 1954. Mount Vernon last played as members of the Mississippi–Ohio Valley League from 1949 to 1954, a league that evolved into today's Midwest League. Mount Vernon teams previously played as members of the Southern Illinois League in 1910 and Illinois State League in 1947 and 1948. The Mount Vernon franchise permanently folded after the 1954 season.

## The ballpark

The Mount Vernon Kings were noted to have played their minor league home games at Veterans Park. Veterans Park hosted Mississippi-Ohio Valley League All-Star Games in 1949 and 1951. Veterans Park is still in existence as a public park without a ball field. The park is located at 800 South 27th Street, Mount Vernon, Illinois.

## No hitter

On September 4, 1951, Stanley Burat threw a no-hitter against the Centralia Cubs, winning 10–0.

## Notable alumni

## InfoBox

| Mount Vernon Kings | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Minor league affiliations | |
| Previous classes | Class D ( 1910, 1947–1954) |
| League | Kentucky–Illinois–Tennessee League (1951–1955) |
| Previous leagues |  |
| Major league affiliations | |
| Previous teams |  |
| Team data | |
| Previous names | * **Mount Vernon Kings** (1949–1954) * Mount Vernon Braves 1948) * Mount Vernon Blues (1947) * Mount Vernon Merchants (1910) |
| Previous parks | Veterans Park |


title: Nir Bergman

abstract: Nir Bergman is an Israeli film director and screenwriter. He won several awards for his films including the Grand Prix at the Tokyo International Film Festival for Broken Wings (2002) and Intimate Grammar (2010).

text:
# Nir Bergman

**Nir Bergman** (born 8 August 1969) is an Israeli film director and screenwriter. He won several awards for his films including the Grand Prix at the Tokyo International Film Festival for *Broken Wings* (2002) and *Intimate Grammar* (2010).

## Selected filmography

| Year | Title | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2002 | *Broken Wings* |  |
| 2010 | *Intimate Grammar* |  |
| 2014 | *Yona* |  |
| 2020 | *Here We Are* |  |
|

## InfoBox

| Nir Bergman | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1969-08-08) 8 August 1969
Haifa, Israel |
| Occupation(s) | Film director
Screenwriter |
| Years active | 1997-present |


title: Neunkircher Höhe

abstract: The Neunkircher Höhe is the highest elevation of the Hessian part of the Odenwald. The hill is located near the village Neunkirchen and is the origin of the rivers Modau, Gersprenz and Lauter. A viewing tower, 34 metres high, was built on the summit in 1906 and replaced an older predecessor, which had been built in 1888 and destroyed by a storm in 1904.

text:
# Neunkircher Höhe

The **Neunkircher Höhe** (605 metres) is the highest elevation of the Hessian part of the Odenwald. The hill is located near the village Neunkirchen and is the origin of the rivers Modau, Gersprenz and Lauter.

A viewing tower, 34 metres high, was built on the summit in 1906 and replaced an older predecessor, which had been built in 1888 and destroyed by a storm in 1904.

## InfoBox

| Neunkircher Höhe | |
| --- | --- |
| Viewing tower on the top of the Neunkircher Höhe | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 605 m (1,985 ft) |
| Coordinates | 49°43′8″N 8°46′13″E / 49.71889°N 8.77028°E / 49.71889; 8.77028 |
| Naming | |
| English translation | Nine churches height |
| Language of name | German |
| Geography | |
| Neunkircher HöheThe location within Hesse | |
| Location | Hesse, Germany |
| Parent range | Odenwald |


title: Zaostrów

abstract: Zaostrów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Słupia Konecka, within Końskie County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) west of Słupia, 32 km (20 mi) south-west of Końskie, and 42 km (26 mi) west of the regional capital Kielce.

text:
# Zaostrów

**Zaostrów** \[zaˈɔstruf\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Słupia Konecka, within Końskie County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) west of Słupia, 32 km (20 mi) south-west of Końskie, and 42 km (26 mi) west of the regional capital Kielce.

## InfoBox

| Zaostrów | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Zaostrów | |
| Coordinates: 51°1′24″N 20°3′37″E / 51.02333°N 20.06028°E / 51.02333; 20.06028 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Świętokrzyskie |
| County | Końskie |
| Gmina | Słupia Konecka |
| Population | 210 |


title: Ludovisi Battle sarcophagus

abstract: The Ludovisi Battle sarcophagus or "Great" Ludovisi sarcophagus is an ancient Roman sarcophagus dating to around AD 250–260, found in 1621 in the Vigna Bernusconi, a tomb near the Porta Tiburtina. It is also known as the Via Tiburtina Sarcophagus, though other sarcophagi have been found there. It is known for its densely populated, anti-classical composition of "writhing and highly emotive" Romans and Goths, and is an example of the battle scenes favored in Roman art during the Crisis of the Third Century. Discovered in 1621 and named for its first modern owner, Ludovico Ludovisi, the sarcophagus is now displayed at the Palazzo Altemps in Rome, part of the National Museum of Rome as of 1901. The sarcophagus is a late outlier in a group of about twenty-five late Roman battle sarcophagi, the others all apparently dating to 170–210, made in Rome or in some cases Athens. These derive from Hellenistic monuments from Pergamon in Asia Minor showing Pergamene victories over the Gauls, and were all presumably commissioned for military commanders. The Portonaccio sarcophagus is the best known and most elaborate of the main Antonine group and shows both considerable similarities to the Great Ludovisi sarcophagus, and a considerable contrast in style and mood.

text:
# Ludovisi Battle sarcophagus

The **Ludovisi Battle sarcophagus** or **"Great" Ludovisi sarcophagus** is an ancient Roman sarcophagus dating to around AD 250–260, found in 1621 in the Vigna Bernusconi, a tomb near the Porta Tiburtina. It is also known as the **Via Tiburtina Sarcophagus**, though other sarcophagi have been found there. It is known for its densely populated, anti-classical composition of "writhing and highly emotive" Romans and Goths, and is an example of the battle scenes favored in Roman art during the Crisis of the Third Century. Discovered in 1621 and named for its first modern owner, Ludovico Ludovisi, the sarcophagus is now displayed at the Palazzo Altemps in Rome, part of the National Museum of Rome as of 1901.

The sarcophagus is a late outlier in a group of about twenty-five late Roman battle sarcophagi, the others all apparently dating to 170–210, made in Rome or in some cases Athens. These derive from Hellenistic monuments from Pergamon in Asia Minor showing Pergamene victories over the Gauls, and were all presumably commissioned for military commanders. The Portonaccio sarcophagus is the best known and most elaborate of the main Antonine group and shows both considerable similarities to the Great Ludovisi sarcophagus, and a considerable contrast in style and mood.

## Description

The sarcophagus measures 1.53m in height and is made from Proconnesian marble, a medium characterized by dark gray stripes and a medium to coarse grain. This was imported from Proconnesus and was the most common source of marble imported into Italy during the imperial period. It is decorated in a very high relief with many elements of the composition cut completely free of the background. Overlapping figures entirely fill the image space, allowing no room to depict a background. In many battle sarcophagi the side panels show more tranquil scenes, but here the battle continues round both sides.

The lid of the sarcophagus has a center plaque for inscription and is flanked by two masks showing the side profile of men. Their facial features are idealized, similar to the Romans in the battle scene, but their hair and beards are untamed like the Barbarians. The inscription plaque is now blank, but was thought to be inscribed with paint. The scene to the left of the plaque depicts barbarian children handed over to a Roman general by men presumably their fathers. This act was referred to as clemency, where children were sometimes taken into Roman custody as pledges of peace, and might be reeducated as Romans. The right side of the lid shows a half length portrait of a woman, wearing a tunic and palla, and holding a scroll. A curtain is draped above her, being supported by two figures. The woman head is turned sharply to the right, mirroring the general in the center of the frontal panel of the sarcophagus, suggesting that she is either his wife or mother. The lid was broken in 1945 while on display in Mainz.

From the left most side of the frontal panel the battle scene begins with a Roman in full military armor charging into battle. To his right is a Roman soldier who has captured a Barbarian and bound his hands, but is lifting his chin and cradling his head. This action portrays a sense of mercy between the Romans and the Barbarians who are being defeated, and presents the Roman soldier with a choice of whether to slay his opponent or act mercifully.

The central figure of the tortuous composition on the front is a young Roman military commander on horseback, presumed to represent the deceased. His face is serene, and his arm is extended confidently in a "gesture which is difficult to interpret but seems to be one of farewell". He does not hold any weapon and is bareheaded, unlike the other Roman soldiers. This implies that he does not need any protection or weaponry to win the battle. An X-mark on his forehead has been interpreted as the cross received by initiates into the Mithraic mysteries as a sign of the god Mithras' favor. The Mithraic religion was popular among Roman soldiers. The valor *(virtus)* shown by the horseman may represent real-life bravery on the battlefield, but the religious connotation of the X may suggest victory over death, a theme of mounted warriors in funerary art. It could also have marked the figure as the "savior of humanity, the bringer of light to a world of tumult, and the guarantor of eternity."

Although the barbaric figures are usually identified as Goths, their features are too generic to warrant any proper identification. The figures do not have any specific ethnic or racial features that would usually differentiate the groups of non-Roman barbarians. Historical context such as identification of a key figure or a specific battle being depicted in the artwork is usually how historians are able to identify barbarians. However, it is typically for these features to be lacking on privately commissioned works like sarcophagi. By the second century AD most reliefs would use a generic barbaric figure because they valued the general theme of Roman conquest over non-Roman enemies more than an accurate portrayal of the Barbarians. This practice is described by Jane Francis:

> For the purchaser of a battle sarcophagus, the desire to ally himself with the glories of Rome and the part that whether directly or indirectly, was more important than specific foe. This attitude would have been particularly convenient for men who had seen no significant military action but who could still claim to be part of the war machine of the empire.

The sarcophagus contains many precise depictions of military details such as the *draco* military standard and a detailed mail shirt of the longer length characteristic of the period.

The figures towards the bottom of the scene have fallen to the ground and are mostly the Barbarians who have been slain. They lie in agony with their horses, and are trampled by the ongoing battle above them. These figures are the bottom of the relief are smaller in proportion to the humans and horses above.

## Technique and style

Since the reliefs were often very deep and intricate, the sarcophagi were shipped with only a rough carving blocked out to prevent damage. The sculptor would either travel with the sarcophagi, or finish the carving in their permanent workshop in Italy.

The Ludovisi sarcophagus came shortly after a trend where reliefs would be made in the same style of Marcus Aurelius' column, with very deep cutting. This was the trend of pictorial reliefs in the 2nd century. The scene on the sarcophagus depicts Roman values of heroic struggle and glorification of the hero, as well as themes of good over evil and civilized men over barbarians. The inclusion of Barbarians in the relief expresses how Romans viewed themselves as preservers of the civilization, much like the Greeks were.

The undercutting of the deep relief exhibits virtuosic and very time-consuming drill work, and differs from earlier battle scenes on sarcophagi in which more shallowly carved figures are less convoluted and intertwined. Describing it as "the finest of the third-century sarcophagi", art historian Donald Strong says:

> The faces are strikingly unclassical, and the technique of deep drilling is particularly obvious in the manes of the horses and the shaggy hair of the barbarians. But the main difference \[to the Portonaccio sarcophagus, a similar 2nd-century work\] is in the symbolism. The barbarians all seem frozen in the moment before disaster and death overwhelm them; their attitudes are highly theatrical but none the less immensely expressive... The main theme is no longer the glorification of military prowess but that of transcending the struggle, presumably conveying the notion of triumph over death ... The ugliness of pain and suffering is stressed by the dishevelled hair, the tormented eyes, the twisted mouth.

The carving is so deep that the forms are almost completely offset from the background resulting in three or four layers of various figures and forms. Overlapping figures fill the image space entirely, allowing no room to depict a background. Thus, the sense of space has been eliminated, giving rise to chaos and a sense of weary, open-ended victory. The effect of movement in the scene is evident and, unlike many battle sarcophagi which have more tranquil scenes on the side panels, the battle events continue all the way around the sarcophagus. The perspective constructed is also notable, although certainly not linear.

From the time of the reign of the Antonine emperors, Roman art increasingly depicted battles as chaotic, packed, single-plane scenes presenting dehumanized barbarians mercilessly subjugated by Roman military might, at a time when in fact the Roman Empire was undergoing constant invasions from external threats that led to the fall of the empire in the West. Although armed, the barbarian warriors, usually identified as, are depicted as helpless to defend themselves. The theme of depicting a battle between the Goths and Romans was popular in the mid second century, during the reign of Marcus Aurelius. After this period there was a transition from mythological battle scenes to historical battles where the deceased person in the sarcophagus was specifically commemorated in the relief. Various aspects of the execution of the work accentuate the contrast between the Romans and the Goths. The Roman figures are all clean-shaven and wear armour and helmets, which distinguish them clearly from the Goths, who are unarmoured and wear distinctive clothing, beards, and hairstyles. The Romans are given a more noble appearance with idealized physical features which contrast with the Goths who are almost caricatures, with enlarged noses, pronounced cheekbones, and wild expressions on their faces. The alternation of light/dark accentuates the contrast between the two groups. Shadows and deep carving are mostly found in the faces and hair of the Goths whereas the smooth surface of the marble is reserved for the Romans, who are less deeply carved.

Differences in scale between the figures, though present, are far less marked than in the earlier Portonaccio sarcophagus, such that the general is only slightly larger than his troops or enemies. Nor is the general seen wearing a helmet or in actual combat, as in the earlier sarcophagi. The viewer is able to discern who the general is because he is placed in the top center of the relief. He extends outwards with a raised right arm and overlaps his horse. In contrast to his wild horse, he looks very calm amongst the chaos of the scene.

## Sources

| Preceded by
**Laocoön and His Sons** | **Landmarks of Rome**
Ludovisi Battle sarcophagus | Succeeded by
**Ecstasy of Saint Teresa** |
| --- | --- | --- |

## InfoBox

| Ludovisi Battle sarcophagus | |
| --- | --- |
| Relief panel of the Great Ludovisi sarcophagus | |
| Click on the map for a fullscreen view | |
| Coordinates | 41°54′04″N 12°28′22″E / 41.901194°N 12.472833°E / 41.901194; 12.472833 |


title: Skylon Tower

abstract: The Skylon Tower, in Niagara Falls, Ontario, is an observation tower that overlooks both the American Falls, New York, and the larger Horseshoe Falls, Ontario, from the Canadian side of the Niagara River.

text:
# Skylon Tower

The **Skylon Tower**, in Niagara Falls, Ontario, is an observation tower that overlooks both the American Falls, New York, and the larger Horseshoe Falls, Ontario, from the Canadian side of the Niagara River.

## History

Construction of the Skylon began in May 1964. The tower was opened on October 6, 1965, by New York Governor Nelson Rockefeller and Ontario Premier John Robarts. Costing $7 million at the time of its construction, the Skylon Tower was owned by a private partnership called Niagara International Centre, which was financed by Hershey Foods shareholdings of Charles Richard Reese, former co-owner of the H. B. Reese Candy Company of Hershey, Pennsylvania. Canadian Pacific Hotels (CPH) was hired to operate the tower restaurants and lounges.

On October 1, 1975, CPH purchased the tower from Mr. Reese and his partners for $11 million. The tower's summit features a verdigris-green copper roof similar to CPH's other properties, including the Château Frontenac in Quebec City and the Banff Springs Hotel in Banff, Alberta. CPH owned and operated the tower until 1986, when it was sold for $18 million to two local Niagara hotel owners, John Gruyich of Michael's Inn and George Yerich of the Holiday Inn By The Falls Motel. In 1988, George Yerich bought out John Gruyich's ownership share of the Skylon for $13 million, however Milicent Gruyich continues to own the land the tower is built on. Mr. Yerich's Skylon land lease will expire in 2060, at which time the Skylon Tower will revert to total ownership by the heirs of Milicent Gruyich.

While much redevelopment has taken place in the surrounding city, the Skylon Tower complex still retains much of its look and feel from the 1970s and 1980s. However the property has recently been expanded to include a 3D/4D Theatre, a Starbucks franchise, other quick-service franchises and a bridge connecting the complex with the newly completed Fallsview Casino. In August and September 2008 the roof of Skylon was restored to its original bright copper colour.

In recent years, the lights that shine up the tower at night have gone from being the typical white lights to a selection of colours that interchange. This is done in a similar fashion to the lights that shine on the falls themselves.

## Features

Standing at 160 metres (520 ft) from street level and 236 metres (775 ft) from the bottom of the falls, the tower required approval from both Canadian and United States air transport authorities, due to its proximity to the international boundary. It was the second tower to be built using the slipform method, in which concrete is continuously poured into a form moving slowly up the tower. It was built by Pigott Construction of Hamilton, Ontario. The same methods were also used to build the Inco Superstack in Sudbury, and the CN Tower in Toronto.

The tower features three outside-mounted "Yellow Bug" elevators. At the time of their construction, they were the first such elevators in Canada. They were designed, engineered and maintained by a division of the Otis Elevator Company from Hamilton, Ontario and can carry passengers to the top of the tower in 52 seconds. Unlike conventional elevators that are guided by side rails, the Skylon elevators operate with a guide rail on the backside only. Special equipment is employed to prevent the cables from becoming tangled in the wind or impeded by snow and ice in the winter. A curtain wall on the outside of the tower behind each elevator protects the counterweight and travelling cables from the elements.

The tower has two restaurants at its top, the Revolving Dining Room and the upper Summit Suite Buffet. The Revolving Dining Room seats 276 people and revolves once every hour by resting on a circular rail that is propelled by a 3 horsepower (2.2 kW) motor. An observation deck sits at the tower's summit. The base of the tower features a number of gift shops, fast food restaurants and a large amusement arcade. A floor for conventions is also available, but is seldom utilized.

## InfoBox

| Skylon Tower | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Status | Completed |
| Type | Observation tower |
| Location | Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada |
| Address | 5200 Robinson Street |
| Coordinates | 43°05′07″N 79°04′47″W / 43.08528°N 79.07972°W / 43.08528; -79.07972 |
| Construction started | May 1964 |
| Completed | October 1965 |
| Opening | October 6, 1965 |
| Cost | CA$7,000,000 |
| Height | |
| Architectural | 160 m (520 ft) |
| Antenna spire | 11 m (36 ft) |
| Roof | 149 m (489 ft) |
| Top floor | 143 m (469 ft) |
| Technical details | |
| Floor count | 6 |
| Lifts/elevators | 3 |
| Design and construction | |
| Architect(s) | Bregman + Hamann Architects |
| Main contractor | Pigott Construction Company |
| Other information | |
| Seating capacity | Revolving Dining Room: 276, Summit Suite: 180 |


title: Zinc finger ranbp2-type containing 1

abstract: Zinc finger RANBP2-type containing 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZRANB1 gene.

text:
# Zinc finger ranbp2-type containing 1

**Zinc finger RANBP2-type containing 1** is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZRANB1 gene.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| ZRANB1 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Available structures  PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB | | | |
| Identifiers | | | |
| Aliases | ZRANB1, TRABID, zinc finger RANBP2-type containing 1 | | |
| External IDs | OMIM: 611749; MGI: 106441; HomoloGene: 9728; GeneCards: ZRANB1; OMA:ZRANB1 - orthologs | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
| Orthologs  Species **Human** **Mouse**  Entrez   Ensembl   UniProt   RefSeq (mRNA)     NM\_017580   NM\_207302
NM\_001362198
NM\_001362199   RefSeq (protein)     NP\_060050   NP\_997185
NP\_001349127
NP\_001349128   Location (UCSC) Chr 10: 124.94 – 124.99 Mb Chr 7: 132.53 – 132.59 Mb  PubMed search | | | |
| Wikidata | | | |
| View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse | | | |


title: The Aloof

abstract: The Aloof were a British electronic music group. They formed in London, England, in 1990. The group consisted of Ricky Barrow, Gary Burns, Jagz Kooner, Richard Thair, and Dean Thatcher. They were active during the 1990s, and released four studio albums: Cover the Crime (1994), Sinking (1996), Seeking Pleasure (1998), and This Constant Chase for Thrills (1999). On the day of the death of Diana Princess of Wales, BBC Radio 1 played their instrumental, "The Last Stand", every thirty minutes for several hours.

text:
# The Aloof

**The Aloof** were a British electronic music group. They formed in London, England, in 1990. The group consisted of Ricky Barrow, Gary Burns, Jagz Kooner, Richard Thair, and Dean Thatcher. They were active during the 1990s, and released four studio albums: *Cover the Crime* (1994), *Sinking* (1996), *Seeking Pleasure* (1998), and *This Constant Chase for Thrills* (1999).

On the day of the death of Diana Princess of Wales, BBC Radio 1 played their instrumental, "The Last Stand", every thirty minutes for several hours.

## Members

* Ricky Barrow - vocals
* Jagz Kooner \- producer, keyboards, programming, engineering
* Gary Burns - keyboards, bass
* Dean Thatcher - keyboards
* Richard Thair - drums, percussion

### Touring members

* Nick Abnett - bass (1994-1999)
* Dave Stone - guitar (1994-2000)
* Nick Strasburg - keyboards (1994)
* Will Blanchard - drums (1994)
* Simon Hanson \- drums (1998-1999)

## Discography

### Studio albums

* *Cover the Crime* (1994)
* *Sinking* (1996)
* *Seeking Pleasure* (1998)
* *This Constant Chase for Thrills* (1999)

### Singles

* "Never Get Out the Boat" (1991) UK No. 98
* "Scooter" "The World as One" (1991)
* "On a Mission" (1992) UK No. 64
* "Purity" (1992)
* "Purity (Remixes)" (1992)
* "Agent O" (1994)
* "Cover the Crime" (1994)
* "Mind" (1994)
* "Society" "Drum (Live Mix)" (1994)
* "Favelas" (1995) UK No. 95
* "Stuck on the Shelf" (1995)
* "Wish You Were Here..." (1996) UK No. 61
* "One Night Stand" (1996) UK No. 30
* "Sinking" (1997)
* "What I Miss the Most" (1998) UK No. 70
* "Infatuated" (1999)
* "Doing It for the Money" (2000)

## InfoBox

| The Aloof | |
| --- | --- |
| Origin | London, England |
| Genres | Electronic |
| Years active | 1990–2000 |
| Labels |  |
|  | |
| Members | * Ricky Barrow * Gary Burns * Jagz Kooner * Richard Thair * Dean Thatcher |


title: Mount Vernon Mill No. 1

abstract: Mount Vernon Mill No. 1 is a historic cotton mill complex located at Baltimore, Maryland, United States. It was constructed between 1873 and 1918 and consists of four buildings situated along Jones Falls. The complex consists of three closely associated 19th-century buildings and a 20th-century warehouse. There is a large, three-story brick Mill Building (1873); a two-story, brick, L-shaped Picker House (1873); a two-story, brick Store House; and a later, reinforced-concrete warehouse (1918). It served as headquarters for Mount Vernon-Woodberry Mills, one of the world's largest producers of cotton duck. Mount Vernon Mill No. 1 was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003. The mill complex, now referred to generally as Mill No. 1, was purchased by Terra Nova Ventures, LLC and began renovations in 2012 to create a mixed-use project of apartments, offices and restaurants. The Mill No. 1 boasts, "The architecture team, Alexander Design Studio has figured out how to make this complicated project work, while keeping the integrity and character of the historic buildings... The structures’ overall historic significance and fabric in their beautiful setting [and] location have been maintained, while adapting the structures to incorporate new uses..." Anyone interested in commercial or residential space in the building may contact Thornhill Properties, Inc. who now manage the building.

text:
# Mount Vernon Mill No. 1

**Mount Vernon Mill No. 1** is a historic cotton mill complex located at Baltimore, Maryland, United States. It was constructed between 1873 and 1918 and consists of four buildings situated along Jones Falls. The complex consists of three closely associated 19th-century buildings and a 20th-century warehouse. There is a large, three-story brick Mill Building (1873); a two-story, brick, L-shaped Picker House (1873); a two-story, brick Store House (c. 1881); and a later, reinforced-concrete warehouse (1918). It served as headquarters for Mount Vernon-Woodberry Mills, one of the world's largest producers of cotton duck.

Mount Vernon Mill No. 1 was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.

The mill complex, now referred to generally as Mill No. 1, was purchased by Terra Nova Ventures, LLC and began renovations in 2012 to create a mixed-use project of apartments, offices and restaurants. The Mill No. 1 boasts, "The architecture team, Alexander Design Studio has figured out how to make this complicated project work, while keeping the integrity and character of the historic buildings... The structures’ overall historic significance and fabric in their beautiful setting \[and\] location have been maintained, while adapting the structures to incorporate new uses..." Anyone interested in commercial or residential space in the building may contact Thornhill Properties, Inc. who now manage the building.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Mount Vernon Mill No. 1 | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| Mount Vernon Mill No. 1, August 2011 | |
|  | |
| Location | 3000 Falls Rd., Baltimore, Maryland |
| Coordinates | 39°19′23″N 76°37′52″W / 39.32306°N 76.63111°W / 39.32306; -76.63111 |
| Area | 5.1 acres (2.1 ha) |
| Built | 1873 (1873) |
| Architectural style | Italianate |
| NRHP reference No. | 01000388 |
| Added to NRHP | April 19, 2001 |


title: Nityalila

abstract: Nityalila Saulo, or plainly Nityalila, is an independent Filipino singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist or the name of a group that she is in.

text:
# Nityalila

**Nityalila Saulo**, or plainly **Nityalila**, is an independent Filipino singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist or the name of a group that she is in.

## About

Nityalila is the daughter of owner and proprietor of **Khumbmela & Yadu bags, Edwin "Yadu" Saulo**. She and her family and their business was affected by the 2002 storm Milenyo.

In 2016 she moved to the United States and appreciated the LBGTQ+ community. After that she ended a heterosexual relarionship and came out to friends and family.

Nityalila is also the name of her band of Miko Aguilar on bass, Sandy Baliong on drums, Tim Cada on guitars, Vaishnava on percussions. In its seven years of existence, the group has performed regularly in both local and international stages that supports their advocacies, such as Fete Dela Musique, Arts and Music Festival, Earth Day Jam, Sunrise Music Festival, Peace Camp Concert, UP Fair, NU107 Concert Series, Jam88.3 Concert Series, Cultural Center of the Philippines Concert Series, The Taiwan Yoga Festival, The 1st Bitan Music Festival in Bitan Taiwan, and The 2009 Migration Music Festival in Chiayi County and Taipei Taiwan and at the 2010 Tainan International Arts Festival.

The group has produced three original albums which are “Nityalila Bootleg” released in 2003 by Nityalila in partnership with Rock Radio Cafe, “Uno Jornal” released in 2005 by independent label, Bagani Music, and “Ako’y Isang Pinay”, released in 2007 by Manna Records in partnership with Universal Records. Nityalila Saulo was part of JAM88.3's “Not Another Christmas Album” released in 2006 by EMI Music Philippines.

Nityalila was nominated Best Performance by a New Female Recording Artist at the 2008 Awit Awards, by PARI (The Philippine Association of the Record Industry, Inc.), that gives recognition to Filipino performing artists and people behind the making of Filipino recorded music.

She is an active member of Dakila a collective of Filipino artists, musicians, and students that believe that the Philippine society is in need of change. A member of Yabang Pinoy, a campaign that hopes to unite people to support Filipino products, themselves and fellow Filipinos. Nityalila is the founder and producer of Flippyknows, a community where Filipinos all over the world converge to share creativity and technology with each other.

## Albums

* *Neknekmo Live Sessions, 3tracks (Bootleg)* (2001)
* *Uno Jornal, 5 tracks (EP)* (2003)
* *Ako'y Isang Pinay, 13 tracks* , featuring a revival of *"Ako'y Isang Pinoy"* by Florante (May 30, 2007), Manna Records

## InfoBox

| Nityalila | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Background information | |
| Origin | Philippines |
| Genres | Indie |
| Years active | 2001 – Present |


title: Neunkirchen am Sand

abstract: Neunkirchen am Sand is a municipality in the district of Nürnberger Land in Bavaria in Germany.

text:
# Neunkirchen am Sand

**Neunkirchen am Sand** is a municipality in the district of Nürnberger Land in Bavaria in Germany.

## InfoBox

| Neunkirchen a.Sand | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Timber-framed inn and a protected linden tree in Kersbach | |
|  | |
| Location of Neunkirchen a.Sand within Nürnberger Land district | |
| Neunkirchen a.Sand Neunkirchen a.Sand | |
| Coordinates: 49°31′N 11°19′E / 49.517°N 11.317°E / 49.517; 11.317 | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Bavaria |
| Admin. region | Mittelfranken |
| District | Nürnberger Land |
| Subdivisions | 7 Gemeindeteile |
| Government | |
| Mayor (202026) | Jens Fankhänel (CSU) |
| Area | |
| Total | 14.14 km2 (5.46 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 331 m (1,086 ft) |
| Population (2023-12-31) | |
| Total | 4,782 |
| Density | 340/km2 (880/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal codes | 91233 |
| Dialling codes | 09123, 09153 (outlying parts) |
| Vehicle registration | LAU, ESB, HEB, N, PEG |
| Website | www.neunkirchen-am-sand.de |


title: Zhejiang Chinese Medical University

abstract: Zhejiang Chinese Medical University is a comprehensive public university based in Hangzhou city, capital of Zhejiang province, China.

text:
# Zhejiang Chinese Medical University

**Zhejiang Chinese Medical University** (**ZJMU**; simplified Chinese: 浙江中医药大学; traditional Chinese: 浙江中醫藥大學; pinyin: *Zhèjiāng Zhōngyīyào Dàxué*) is a comprehensive public university based in Hangzhou city, capital of Zhejiang province, China.

## History

Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (ZCMU) was established 1953 originally as the Zhejiang Vocational School of Traditional Chinese Medicine. It later developed into Zhejiang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine in 1959. It has been accredited to offer master's degrees since 1978 and doctoral degrees since 1998. Since 1987, it also was granted permission to recruit students from Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan. In 2003 saw the creation of Post-doctoral Research Station and in February 2006, with the approval of Chinese Ministry of Education, the school was renamed as Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (ZCMU).

## Administration

### College Programmes

The university is organized into the following colleges.

* TCM
* Acu-Moxa and Tuina
* Chinese Herbology
* Clinical Medicine
* Rehabilitation Therapeutics
* Nursing

## InfoBox

Zhejiang Chinese Medical University
| 浙江中医药大学 | |
| --- | --- |
| Other names | Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine |
| Former names | Zhejiang Vocational School of Traditional Chinese Medicine
Zhejiang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine |
| Motto | MVPI |
| Type | Public university |
| Established | 1953 |
| President | Fang Yongsheng |
| Students | 5,751 full-time students |
| Location | Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
30°10′22″N 120°08′59″E / 30.17275°N 120.149639°E / 30.17275; 120.149639 |
| Campus | Urban, 27.33 ha (67.5 acres) |
| Colours |  |
| Website | www.zcmu.edu.cn/english |
| Location in ZhejiangZhejiang Chinese Medical University (China) | |


title: 1986 North Antrim by-election

abstract: The 1986 North Antrim by-election was one of the fifteen 1986 Northern Ireland by-elections held on 23 January 1986, to fill vacancies in the Parliament of the United Kingdom caused by the resignation in December 1985 of all sitting Unionist Members of Parliament (MPs). The MPs, from the Ulster Unionist Party, Democratic Unionist Party and Ulster Popular Unionist Party, did this to highlight their opposition to the Anglo-Irish Agreement. Each of their parties agreed not to contest seats previously held by the others, and each outgoing MP stood for re-election. All but one of the Unionists were re-elected, many with extremely large majorities. The largest of all went to Ian Paisley in North Antrim. He won 97.4% of the vote, the highest percentage polled by any candidate in a UK by-election since the 1940 Middleton and Prestwich by-election.

text:
# 1986 North Antrim by-election

The **1986 North Antrim by-election** was one of the fifteen 1986 Northern Ireland by-elections held on 23 January 1986, to fill vacancies in the Parliament of the United Kingdom caused by the resignation in December 1985 of all sitting Unionist Members of Parliament (MPs). The MPs, from the Ulster Unionist Party, Democratic Unionist Party and Ulster Popular Unionist Party, did this to highlight their opposition to the Anglo-Irish Agreement. Each of their parties agreed not to contest seats previously held by the others, and each outgoing MP stood for re-election.

All but one of the Unionists were re-elected, many with extremely large majorities. The largest of all went to Ian Paisley in North Antrim. He won 97.4% of the vote, the highest percentage polled by any candidate in a UK by-election since the 1940 Middleton and Prestwich by-election.

1986 North Antrim by-election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **DUP** | **Ian Paisley** | **33,937** | **97.4** | **+43.2** |
|  | "For the Anglo-Irish Agreement" | "Peter Barry" (Wesley Williamson) | 515 | 2.6 | *N/A* |
| Majority | | | 33,024 | 94.8 | +65.0 |
| Turnout | | | 34,452 | 53.5 | −16.3 |
| Registered electors | | | 65,157 |  |  |
|  | DUP **hold** | | Swing | *N/A* |  |

## Other References

## InfoBox

1986 North Antrim by-election
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| ---  Constituency of North Antrim | |
| Turnout | 53.5% ( 16.3%) |
| First party   Candidate **Ian Paisley**   Party DUP   Popular vote **33,937**   Percentage **97.4**   Swing  43.2% | |
| ---  **MP before election**
Ian Paisley
DUP **Subsequent MP**
Ian Paisley
DUP | |


title: Tsuboi Station

abstract: Tsuboi Station is a passenger railway station located in the city of Tsuyama, Okayama Prefecture, Japan, operated by West Japan Railway Company.

text:
# Tsuboi Station

**Tsuboi Station** (坪井駅, *Tsuboi-eki*) is a passenger railway station located in the city of Tsuyama, Okayama Prefecture, Japan, operated by West Japan Railway Company (JR West).

## Lines

Tsuboi Station is served by the Kishin Line, and is located 98.3 kilometers from the southern terminus of the line at Himeji.

## Station layout

The station consists of two opposed ground-level side platforms connected to the station building by a level crossing. The station is unattended.

### Platforms

| **1** | Kishin Line | for Chūgoku-Katsuyama, Niimi |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **2** | Kishin Line | for Tsuyama, Sayo |

## Adjacent stations

| « | | Service | » | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| JR West Kishin Line | | | | |
| Mimasaka-Sendai |  | Rapid |  | Mimasaka-Ochiai |
| Mimasaka-Sendai |  | Local |  | Mimasaka-Oiwake |

## History

Tsuboi Station opened on August 21, 1923. With the privatization of the Japan National Railways (JNR) on April 1, 1987, the station came under the aegis of the West Japan Railway Company.

## Passenger statistics

In fiscal 2019, the station was used by an average of 24 passengers daily..

## Surrounding area

Media related to Tsuboi Station at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Tsuboi Station
坪井駅 | |
| --- | --- |
| Tsuboi Station, January 2008 | |
| General information | |
| Location | Nakakitakami, Tsuyama-shi, Okayama-ken 709-4606
Japan |
| Coordinates | 35°3′43.42″N 133°52′38.46″E / 35.0620611°N 133.8773500°E / 35.0620611; 133.8773500 |
| Owned by | West Japan Railway Company |
| Operated by | West Japan Railway Company |
| Line(s) | Kishin Line |
| Distance | 98.3 km (61.1 mi) from Himeji |
| Platforms | 2 side platforms |
| Connections | * Bus stop |
| Other information | |
| Status | Unstaffed |
| Website | Official website |
| History | |
| Opened | 21 August 1923 (1923-08-21) |
| Passengers | |
|  | |
| FY2019 | 24 daily |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location  Tsuboi StationLocation within Okayama PrefectureTsuboi StationTsuboi Station (Japan) | |


title: Sisters of the Holy Family of Nazareth

abstract: The Sisters of the Holy Family of Nazareth are a Roman Catholic religious institute that was founded in Rome in 1875 by Blessed Mary Mother of Jesus the Good Shepherd. The Sisters of the Holy Family are an apostolic, international congregation, located on four continents and in thirteen countries. There are five provinces in the United States. A Sister of this congregation is identified by the initials CSFN placed after her name. They should not be confused with the Sisters of Nazareth from Israel with convents in Nazareth and Shefa-Amr, nor with the larger Sisters of Nazareth organisation.

text:
# Sisters of the Holy Family of Nazareth

The **Sisters of the Holy Family of Nazareth** are a Roman Catholic religious institute that was founded in Rome in 1875 by Blessed Mary Mother of Jesus the Good Shepherd (Franciszka Siedliska). The Sisters of the Holy Family are an apostolic, international congregation, located on four continents and in thirteen countries. There are five provinces in the United States. A Sister of this congregation is identified by the initials **CSFN** (Latin for "*Congregatio Sororum Sacrae Familiae de Nazareth*"; English: "Congregation of the Sisters of the Holy Family of Nazareth") placed after her name.

They should not be confused with the Sisters of Nazareth from Israel with convents in Nazareth and Shefa-Amr, nor with the larger Sisters of Nazareth organisation.

## History

The Congregation of the Holy Family of Nazareth was founded in Rome, Italy in 1875 by Frances Siedliska, a Polish noblewoman. From Rome, the Congregation spread quickly.

In 1885, Mother Mary of Jesus the Good Shepherd and eleven sisters journeyed to Chicago, Illinois, where they had been invited to minister to the needs of Polish immigrant children and families. There they staffed two schools and an orphanage. The Congregation soon expanded its services in the Midwest. They continue to serve throughout Illinois, Indiana, Pennsylvania, New York, Connecticut, Texas, Michigan and Ohio. The sisters operate a high school for girls, Nazareth Academy, in Philadelphia.

The sisters opened their first hospital in Poland in Wadowice in 1897.

## Ministry

The sisters have served in schools, and in child care services, care of the elderly, retreat work, and in the parish, prison, and youth ministry.

Sisters continue to be engaged in various areas of healthcare and presently minister as hospital chaplains, nurses, therapists, and lab technicians, attending to the sick, the elderly, and the infirm.

## Provinces

| **Provinces of the Sisters of the Holy Family of Nazareth** | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Country | Location | Province name |
| United States | Des Plaines, Illinois | Holy Family Province |
| Australia | Garran, Australian Capital Territory | Holy Spirit Province |
| Poland | Warsaw, Poland | Holy Name of Jesus Province |
| Poland | Kraków, Poland | Holy Name of Mary Province |
| Italy
France
Great Britain
Philippines
Spain | Rome, Italy
 | **Generalate Region** |

As of 2022, there are over 1,000 members in Australia, Belarus, England, France, Israel, Italy, Lithuania, the Philippines, Poland, Puerto Rico, Russia, Spain, Ukraine, and the United States of America.

## Blessed members

Beatified members of the Sisters of the Holy Family include Sister Stella and her companions, who were martyred on 1 August 1943 in Nowogródek, Poland (now Belarus), and who were beatified on 5 March 2000, as well as the foundress, Frances Siedliska, beatified on 23 April 1989. Her feast day is 21 November.

## InfoBox

Congregation of the Sisters of the Holy Family of Nazareth
| Congregatio Sororum Sacrae Familiae de Nazareth | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Abbreviation | C.S.F.N. |
| Formation | c. AD 1875 (1875) |
| Founder | Franciszka Siedliska |
| Type | Catholic religious order |
| Headquarters | Italy |
| Website | nazarethfamily.org |


title: The Ballad of Narayama (1958 film)

abstract: The Ballad of Narayama The Ballad of Narayama is a 1958 Japanese historical drama film directed by Keisuke Kinoshita. It is based on the 1956 novella of the same name by Shichirō Fukazawa. The film explores the legendary practice of ubasute, in which elderly people were carried to a mountain and abandoned to die.

text:
# The Ballad of Narayama (1958 film)

***The Ballad of Narayama*** (Japanese: 楢山節考, Hepburn: *Narayama-bushi Kō*) is a 1958 Japanese historical drama film directed by Keisuke Kinoshita. It is based on the 1956 novella of the same name by Shichirō Fukazawa. The film explores the legendary practice of *ubasute*, in which elderly people were carried to a mountain and abandoned to die.

## Cast

## Reception

The film was shown in competition at the 19th Venice International Film Festival, where it divided critics between those who thought it a masterpiece and those who thought it poor.

In a June 1961 review in *The New York Times*, A.H. Weiler called the film "an odd and colorful evocation of Japan's past that is only occasionally striking", adding that it was "stylized and occasionally graphic fare in the manner of the Kabuki Theatre" and "decidedly strange to Western tastes."

Roger Ebert of the *Chicago Sun-Times* rated the film a maximum four stars, and added it to his Great Movies list in 2013, making it the final film he added to the list before his death.

## Restoration

During the 2012 Cannes Film Festival, a digitally restored version of the film was screened out of competition, as part of the festival's Cannes Classics selections.

In his 2013 review of the Criterion Blu-ray release of the restored film, Jordan Cronk of *Slant* stated that Kinoshita, a "less celebrated" practitioner in the *jidaigeki* genre, used kabuki theater "as a stylistic blueprint" for his adaptation of the literary source, making it "one of the era's most radical experiments" which played "more like a cinematic elegy than cosmetic theater."

## Awards

*The Ballad of Narayama* received three Mainichi Film Awards for Best Film, Best Director and Best Film Score. It was submitted as the Japanese entry for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, but was not chosen as one of the five nominees.

## InfoBox

| The Ballad of Narayama | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | Keisuke Kinoshita |
| Written by | Keisuke Kinoshita |
| Based on | *Narayama-bushi kō*
by Shichirō Fukazawa |
| Produced by | * Masaharu Kokaji * Ryuzo Otani |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Hiroyuki Kusuda |
| Edited by | Yoshi Sugihara |
| Music by | * Chūji Kinoshita * Matsunosuke Nozawa |
| Production
company | Shochiku |
| Distributed by | Shochiku |
| Release date | * 1 June 1958 (1958-06-01) (Japan) |
| Running time | 98 minutes |
| Country | Japan |
| Language | Japanese |


title: Vasboldogasszony

abstract: Vasboldogasszony is a village on the Sárvíz (Zala) stream in Zala County, Hungary.

text:
# Vasboldogasszony

**Vasboldogasszony** is a village on the Sárvíz (Zala) stream in Zala County, Hungary.

## InfoBox

| Vasboldogasszony | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
|  | |
| VasboldogasszonyLocation of Vasboldogasszony | |
| Coordinates: 46°56′27″N 16°52′23″E / 46.94087°N 16.87294°E / 46.94087; 16.87294 | |
| Country | Hungary |
| Region | Western Transdanubia |
| County | Zala |
| District | Zalaegerszeg |
| Area | |
| Total | 11.75 km2 (4.54 sq mi) |
| Population (1 January 2024) | |
| Total | 527 |
| Density | 45/km2 (120/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 8914 |
| Area code | (+36) 92 |
| Website | www.vasboldogasszony.koznet.hu |


title: Mościczki

abstract: Mościczki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Witnica, within Gorzów County, Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) west of Witnica and 28 km (17 mi) west of Gorzów Wielkopolski.

text:
# Mościczki

**Mościczki** \[mɔɕˈt͡ɕit͡ʂki\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Witnica, within Gorzów County, Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) west of Witnica and 28 km (17 mi) west of Gorzów Wielkopolski.

## InfoBox

| Mościczki | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Mościczki | |
| Coordinates: 52°41′N 14°51′E / 52.683°N 14.850°E / 52.683; 14.850 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Lubusz |
| County | Gorzów |
| Gmina | Witnica |
| Population | 250 |


title: No. 196 Squadron RAF

abstract: No. 196 Squadron was a Royal Air Force squadron originally formed as a training unit during World War I. It was active during World War II in Nos. 3, 4 and 38 Group RAF. It served first as a bomber squadron and later as an airborne support and transport unit.

text:
# No. 196 Squadron RAF

**No. 196 Squadron** was a Royal Air Force squadron originally formed as a training unit during World War I. It was active during World War II in Nos. ,  and 38 Group RAF. It served first as a bomber squadron and later as an airborne support and transport unit.

## History

### Formation and early years

The first 196 Squadron was originally formed as a training unit at Heliopolis, in Egypt on 9 August 1917 and disbanded a mere 3 months later on 13 November 1917, becoming a part of the Aerial Fighting School.

### Reformation and World War II

196 Squadron was reformed at RAF Driffield, Yorkshire on 7 November 1942 as a night bomber unit in No. 4 Group, part of Bomber Command. It was initially equipped with Mk.III and Mk.X Vickers Wellingtons. The squadron carried out many raids on enemy ports and industrial centres in Europe in 1943; it also flew numerous 'gardening' (minelaying) sorties.

On 19 July 1943, the squadron moved south to RAF Witchford, Cambridgeshire, as part of No. 3 Group and was re-equipped with Mk. III Stirling bombers. They moved again to RAF Leicester East later that year and became part of No.38 Group. They then carried out various transport, glider-towing and supply-dropping flights and also undertook SOE and SAS parachuting missions over occupied territories. This required converting to the Mark IV, the 'cloak and dagger' version of the Stirling. On 7 January 1944, the squadron moved again to RAF Tarrant Rushton, Dorset. In February of that year supply drops to the French Resistance commenced, unfortunately with the loss of two aircraft. Many other such missions were subsequently flown successfully.

On 14 March 1944, the squadron was moved yet again in preparation for D-Day to RAF Keevil, Wiltshire. There they trained with 299 Squadron for their part in Operation Overlord. Their mission was to deliver paratroops of the 5th Parachute Brigade and 6th Airborne Division as part of Operation Tonga (each Stirling could carry 20 troops and their equipment). They then had to return to Normandy, towing gliders laden with the main force and their equipment as part of Operation Mallard. At 23:00 on 5 June 1944, 23 Stirlings of 196 Squadron (plus 23 of 299 Squadron), took off to successfully drop paratroops in Normandy, although one aircraft of 196 Squadron was lost. The following day, D-Day itself, a second wave (17 from 196 Squadron), took off at 18:00 towing Horsa gliders as part of Operation Mallard. All returned safely. On 8 June, seven Stirlings carried out a re-supply mission to Normandy as part of Operation Rob Roy.

Between 13 and 17 September 1944, the squadron was heavily involved in Operation Market Garden. 196 Squadron flew 115 sorties, towing gliders and delivering men and supplies under difficult conditions. In total 25 men were killed and 13 aircraft were lost due to anti-aircraft fire and enemy planes during the operation. On 9 October 1944 the squadron was again relocated, this time to RAF Wethersfield, Essex and from there on 26 January 1945 to RAF Shepherds Grove, Suffolk. On 24 March 1945, the squadron took part in Operation Varsity, the Rhine crossing. 30 gliders were towed to Hamminkeln, Germany (89 troops and their equipment) of which one was lost when it crashed in the Netherlands.

In May 1945 troops were taken to Denmark (Operation Schnapps) and Norway (Operation Doomsday) to disarm the German forces there, one aircraft was lost. After the end of the war the squadron was employed on transport support as part of Transport Command, undertaking various troop-ferrying, freight carrying and mail delivery duties before being disbanded on 16 March 1946.

## Aircraft operated

Aircraft operated by no. 196 Squadron, data from
| From | To | Aircraft | Version |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| December 1942 | December 1942 | Vickers Wellington | Mk.III |
| December 1942 | July 1943 | Vickers Wellington | Mk.X |
| July 1943 | January 1944 | Short Stirling | Mk.III |
| January 1944 | March 1946 | Short Stirling | Mk.IV |
| January 1946 | March 1946 | Short Stirling | Mk.V |

## Squadron bases

Bases and airfields used by no. 196 Squadron, data from
| From | To | Base |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 7 November 1942 | 22 December 1942 | RAF Driffield, Yorkshire |
| 22 December 1942 | 19 July 1943 | RAF Leconfield, East Riding of Yorkshire |
| 19 July 1943 | 18 November 1943 | RAF Witchford, Cambridgeshire |
| 18 November 1943 | 7 January 1944 | RAF Leicester East, Leicestershire |
| 7 January 1944 | 14 March 1944 | RAF Tarrant Rushton, Dorset |
| 14 March 1944 | 9 October 1944 | RAF Keevil, Wiltshire |
| 9 October 1944 | 25 January 1945 | RAF Wethersfield, Essex |
| 25 January 1945 | 16 March 1946 | RAF Shepherds Grove, Suffolk |

## Commanding officers

Officers commanding no. 196 Squadron, data from
| From | To | Name |
| --- | --- | --- |
| November 1942 | March 1943 | W/Cdr. R.H. Waterhouse, CBE, DFC, AFC, SS(US) |
| March 1943 | December 1943 | W/Cdr. A. Duguid |
| December 1943 | August 1944 | W/Cdr. N. Alexander, DFC |
| August 1944 | February 1945 | W/Cdr. M.W.L. Baker |
| February 1945 | January 1946 | W/Cdr. R.T.F. Turner, DFC, MC, DFC(US) |
| January 1946 | March 1946 | W/Cdr. J. Blackburn, DSO & Bar, DFC & Bar, DFC(US) |

## The Windsor Boys' School

The Windsor Boys' School's Burgess house uses 196 Squadron's badge and motto. The House leaders award is the most honourable award given by the house leader. Only a small number of boys get this award.

### Notes

### Bibliography

* Bowyer, Michael J.F.; Rawlings, John D.R. (1979). *Squadron Codes, 1937–56*. Cambridge, UK: Patrick Stephens Ltd. ISBN 0-85059-364-6.
* Delve, Ken (1994). *The Source Book of the RAF*. Shrewsbury, Shropshire, UK: Airlife Publishing. ISBN 1-85310-451-5.
* Flintham, Vic; Thomas, Andrew (2003). *Combat Codes: A Full Explanation and Listing of British, Commonwealth and Allied Air Force Unit Codes since 1938*. Shrewsbury, Shropshire, UK: Airlife Publishing Ltd. ISBN 1-84037-281-8.
* Halley, James J. (1988). *The Squadrons of the Royal Air Force & Commonwealth, 1918–1988*. Tonbridge, Kent, UK: Air-Britain (Historians) Ltd. ISBN 0-85130-164-9.
* Jefford, C.G. (2001). *RAF Squadrons, a Comprehensive record of the Movement and Equipment of all RAF Squadrons and their Antecedents since 1912* (2nd ed.). Shrewsbury, Shropshire, UK: Airlife Publishing Ltd. ISBN 1-85310-053-6.
* Moyes, Philip J.R. (1976). *Bomber Squadrons of the RAF and their Aircraft*. London: Macdonald and Jane's (Publishers) Ltd. ISBN 0-354-01027-1.
* Rawlings, John D.R. (1982). *Coastal, Support and Special Squadrons of the RAF and their Aircraft*. London: Jane's Publishing Company Ltd. ISBN 0-7106-0187-5.
* Sturtivant, Ray, ISO; Hamlin, John (2007). *RAF Flying Training And Support Units since 1912*. Tonbridge, Kent, UK: Air-Britain (Historians) Ltd. ISBN 0-85130-365-X.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

## InfoBox

| No. 196 Squadron RAF | |
| --- | --- |
| Active | 7 Nov 1917 – 16 Mar 1946 |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Branch | Royal Air Force |
| Role | Bomber
Airborne Forces
Special Operations
Transport |
| Part of | No. 4 Group RAF
No. 3 Group RAF
No. 38 Group RAF |
| Motto(s) | Latin: *Sic fidem servamus*
(Translation: "Thus we keep faith") |
| Insignia | |
| Squadron Badge heraldry | A Mailed Fist holding a Dagger, hilt downwards |
| Squadron Codes | **ZO** (Nov 1942 – Mar 1946)
**7T** (May 1943 – Mar 1946) |


title: Neunkirchen District, Austria

abstract: Bezirk Neunkirchen is a district of the state of Lower Austria in Austria. It is located at the south of the state.

text:
# Neunkirchen District, Austria

**Bezirk Neunkirchen** (German: \[ˈnɔʏnˌkɪʁçn̩\] ) is a district of the state of Lower Austria in Austria. It is located at the south of the state.

## Municipalities

Parts of the village: Altendorf, Loitzmannsdorf, Schönstadl, Syhrn, Tachenberg Parts of the village: Großes Amt, Kleines Amt, Neustift am Alpenwald, Neuwald Parts of the village: Bürg, Vöstenhof Parts of the village: Enzenreith, Hart, Hilzmannsdorf, Köttlach, Thürmannsdorf, Wörth Parts of the village: Feistritz am Wechsel, Grottendorf, Hasleiten, Hollabrunn Parts of the town: Abfaltersbach, Aue, Berglach, Eichberg, Gloggnitz (with Furth and Gföhl), Graben, Heufeld, Saloder, Stuppach, Weißenbach Parts of the village: Göttschach, Grafenbach, Ober-Danegg, Penk, St. Valentin-Landschach Parts of the village: Grimmenstein, Hochegg Parts of the village: Grünbach am Schneeberg, Neusiedl am Walde Parts of the village: Oberhöflein, Unterhöflein, Zweiersdorf Parts of the village: Alpeltal, Kirchberg (with Au, Markt, Molz, Rammergraben, Sachsenbrunn, Sellhof, Stein, Tratten, Weyer, Wieden Wiese), Kranichberg (with Baumtal, Eselberg, Friederdorf, Kiengraben, Oberer Kirchbgraben, Kreith, Kreithberg, Pucha, Pyhra, Rams), Lehen (Ortsteile Nebelsbach, Steinbach), Molzegg (with Kampsteiner Schwaig, Kreuzbauern, Molz, Steyersberger Schwaig), Ofenbach (with Eigenberg, Wieden) Parts of the village: Am Hartberg, Feldbauern, Mönichkirchner Schwaig, Pfeffergraben, Tauchen, Unterhöfen Parts of the village: Natschbach, Loipersbach (with Lindgrub) Parts of the town: Neunkirchen (with Innere Stadt, Tal, Steinplatte, Mühlfeld, Au, Steinfeld, Lerchenfeld, Blätterstraßensiedlung), Mollram, Peisching Parts of the village: Geyerhof, Kreuzberg, Küb, Mühlhof, Payerbach, Pettenbach, Schmidsdorf, Schlöglmühl, Werning Parts of the village: Pitten, Sautern, Leiding-Inzenhof Parts of the village: Gasteil, Prigglitz, Stuppachgraben Parts of the village: Knipflitz, Losenheim, Puchberg, Rohrbachgraben, Schneebergdörfl, Sonnenleiten, Stolzenwörth Parts of the village: Egg, Raach am Hochgebirge, Schlagl, Sonnleiten, Wartenstein Parts of the village: Edlach, Grünsting, Hirschwang, Klein- und Großau, Prein, Reichenau Parts of the village: Gleißenfeld, Reitersberg, Scheiblingkirchen, Thernberg, Witzelsberg Parts of the village: Göstritz, Greis, Schottwien Parts of the village: Greith, Gutenmann, Hornungstal, Rosental, Schrattenbach Parts of the village: Guntrams, Schwarzau am Steinfeld Parts of the village: Gegend, Naßwald, Preintal, Vois Parts of the village: Schiltern, Seebenstein, Sollgraben Parts of the village: Gerasdorf am Steinfeld, Neusiedl am Steinfeld, Saubersdorf, St. Egyden am Steinfeld, Urschendorf Parts of the village: Dunkelstein, Flatz, Mahrersdorf, Pottschach, Putzmannsdorf, Raglitz, Rohrbach am Steinfelde, St. Johann am Steinfelde, Sieding, Parts of the village: Königsberg, Kulma, Sauerbichl, Thomasberg Parts of the village: Haßbach, Kirchau, Kulm, Petersbaumgarten, Steyersberg, Thann, Warth Parts of the village: Diepolz, Hafning, Ramplach, Straßhof (mit den Ortsteilen Straßhof, Gramatl, Weibnitz), Unter-Danegg und Wartmannstetten Parts of the village: Dörfles, Rothengrub, Strelzhof, Willendorf Parts of the village: Hettmannsdorf, Wolfsohl, Würflach Parts of the village: Grünhöfen, Kampichl, Maierhöfen, Pichl, Schlag, Stübegg, Zöbern

47°43′37″N 16°04′54″E / 47.7269°N 16.0817°E / 47.7269; 16.0817

## InfoBox

| Neunkirchen District, Austria Bezirk Neunkirchen | |
| --- | --- |
| District | |
|  | |
| Country | Austria |
| State | Lower Austria |
| Number of municipalities | 45 |
| Government | |
| District Governor | Alexandra Grabner-Fritz |
| Area | |
| Total | 1,146.4 km2 (442.6 sq mi) |
| Population (2024) | |
| Total | 87,305 |
| Density | 76/km2 (200/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Vehicle registration | NK |
| NUTS code | AT122 |
| District code | 318 |


title: Zhang Huiwen (goalball)

abstract: Zhang Huiwen is a Chinese goalball player. She won a silver medal at the 2016 Summer Paralympics. Zhang lost her vision following a brain injury at age 5. She began playing goalball in 2009 at age 16.

text:
# Zhang Huiwen (goalball)

| Zhang Huiwen | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Traditional Chinese | 張惠雯 |
| Simplified Chinese |  |
| Transcriptions  Standard Mandarin  Hanyu Pinyin Zhāng Huìwén | |
|  | |

**Zhang Huiwen** (Chinese: 张惠雯, born 12 June 1993) is a Chinese goalball player. She won a silver medal at the 2016 Summer Paralympics.

Zhang lost her vision following a brain injury at age 5. She began playing goalball in 2009 at age 16.

## InfoBox

Zhang Huiwen
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1993-06-12) June 12, 1993<br>Beijing, China |
| Education | Beijing Union University |
| Height | 172 cm (5 ft 8 in) |
| Weight | 64 kg (141 lb) |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Women's goalball |
| Disability class | B1 |
| Medal record      Representing  China  Paralympic Games  2016 Rio de Janeiro  Team  Asian Para Games  2014 Incheon Team | |


title: 1987 WCT Finals

abstract: The 1987 WCT Finals was a season-ending men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts. It was the 17th edition of the WCT Finals and was part of the 1987 Nabisco Grand Prix. It was played at the Reunion Arena in Dallas, Texas in the United States from April 7 through April 13, 1987. The best eight players on the Grand Prix circuit qualified for the tournament. Winners of a Grand Slam tournament automatically qualified. Unseeded Miloslav Mečíř won the title.

text:
# 1987 WCT Finals

The **1987 WCT Finals** was a season-ending men's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts. It was the 17th edition of the WCT Finals and was part of the 1987 Nabisco Grand Prix. It was played at the Reunion Arena in Dallas, Texas in the United States from April 7 through April 13, 1987. The best eight players on the Grand Prix circuit qualified for the tournament. Winners of a Grand Slam tournament automatically qualified. Unseeded Miloslav Mečíř won the title.

## Final

### Singles

Miloslav Mečíř defeated  John McEnroe 6–0, 3–6, 6–2, 6–2

* It was Mečíř's 4th singles title of the year and the 7th of his career.

## InfoBox

| 1987 WCT Finals | |
| --- | --- |
| Date | April 7–13 |
| Edition | 17th |
| Draw | 8S |
| Prize money | $500,000 |
| Surface | Carpet / indoor |
| Location | Dallas, Texas, United States |
| Venue | Reunion Arena |
| Champions | |
| Singles | |
| Miloslav Mečíř | |
|  | |


title: Tsubomi (song)

abstract: "Tsubomi" is a song by Japanese folk rock band Kobukuro. It is their 15th single and is included on its ninth studio album 5296. The song was written and composed by Kentarō Kobuchi. The single was released on March 21, 2007, in two editions: a CD-only edition and a limited edition. It debuted at number two on the weekly Oricon Singles Chart before topping the chart the following week, and it was certified double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of Japan (RIAJ), denoting shipment of 500,000 units. "Tsubomi" earned the Grand Prix award at the 49th Japan Record Awards.

text:
# Tsubomi (song)

"**Tsubomi**" (蕾 (つぼみ), "Flower Bud") is a song by Japanese folk rock band Kobukuro. It is their 15th single and is included on its ninth studio album *5296*. The song was written and composed by Kentarō Kobuchi. The single was released on March 21, 2007, in two editions: a CD-only edition and a limited edition. It debuted at number two on the weekly Oricon Singles Chart before topping the chart the following week, and it was certified double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of Japan (RIAJ), denoting shipment of 500,000 units. "Tsubomi" earned the Grand Prix award at the 49th Japan Record Awards.

## Release and promotion

"Tsubomi" was released on March 21, 2007, in two editions: a CD-only edition; and a limited edition which includes a DVD with the short film *February 2007 Rehearsal & Live*. Marty Friedman pointed out that the song's arrangement was very simple and did away with the influence of the music of the Western culture.

"Tsubomi" was used as the theme song for the television drama *Tokyo Tower: Okan to Boku to, Tokidoki, Oton* (2007). It was also used as the entrance song for the 80th National High School Baseball Championship the following year.

## Chart performance and accolades

"Tsubomi" debuted at number two on the weekly Oricon Singles Chart, selling 182,737 copies in its first week. The single sold 69,737 copies and rose to number one the following week, and was certified platinum by the RIAJ shipment of 250,000 units. For the month of April, "Tsubomi" topped the monthly RIAJ Reco-kyō Chart for ringtones. The single was certified double platinum in June. "Tsubomi" became the third best-selling single on the 2007 Oricon yearly singles chart, selling 441,799 copies in Japan. The single charted for 71 weeks and went on to sell 506,093 copies by the end of its chart run.

At the end of the year, "Tsubomi" earned Kobukuro the Grand Prix award on Tokyo Broadcasting System's 49th Japan Record Awards. On February 20, 2008, the song was certified by the RIAJ for selling three million digital ringtone downloads.

## Cover versions

Ayumi Nakamura recorded a cover version of "Tsubomi", which was included on her 2008 cover album *Voice*. The song was also covered on Kyōko Abe's *Yasashī Uta* and Shinichi Mori's *Love Music*.

## Track listing

All songs written and composed by Kentarō Kobuchi.

All editions
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Tsubomi (蕾 (つぼみ), Flower Bud)" | 6:03 |
| 2. | "Kanata e (彼方へ, To the Other Side)" | 4:16 |
| 3. | "Kazamidori (風見鶏, Weather Vane)" | 6:02 |
| 4. | "Tsubomi (蕾 (つぼみ), Flower Bud)" (Instrumental) | 6:03 |
| 5. | "Kanata e (彼方へ, To the Other Side)" (Instrumental) | 4:16 |
| 6. | "Kazamidori (風見鶏, Weather Vane)" (Instrumental) | 6:02 |

Limited edition
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "*February 2007 Rehearsal & Live*" (short film) |  |

## Chart history

| Chart (2007) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Oricon Singles Chart (Weekly) | 1 |
| Oricon Singles Chart (Year-end) | 3 |
| RIAJ Reco-kyō Chart | 1 |

## InfoBox

| "Tsubomi" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Kobukuro | |
| from the album  *5296* | |
| Released | March 21, 2007 (2007-03-21) |
| Recorded | 2007 |
| Genre | Folk rock |
| Length | 6:03 |
| Label | Warner Music Japan |
| Songwriter(s) | Kentarō Kobuchi |
| Kobukuro singles chronology | |
| "Winding Road"
(2007) "**Tsubomi**"
(2007) "Aoku Yasashiku"
(2007) | |


title: Skinner Turner

abstract: Sir Skinner Turner was a British judge who served in Kenya, Uganda, Siam and China. His last position was as the Chief Judge of the British Supreme Court for China from 1921 to 1927.

text:
# Skinner Turner

**Sir Skinner Turner** (2 June 1868  5 July 1935) was a British judge who served in Kenya, Uganda, Siam and China. His last position was as the Chief Judge of the British Supreme Court for China from 1921 to 1927.

## Early life

Turner was born near Tonbridge, Kent, England in on June 2, 1868 to Frederick and Marsha Turner, the eighth of nine children. In the 1871 census, his father described his profession as “farmer of 560 acres employing 20 men and 2 boys.”

## Education

Turner was educated at King's College School, Strand, and at London University. Turner was called to the Bar at the Middle Temple in 1890.

## Career

Turner started his career in law on the Western Circuit and at the Hampshire Sessions.

### Judicial

Turner joined the Foreign Office Judicial Service in 1900. He was appointed Registrar to the British Court of the East Africa Protectorate. The following year he was transferred to the Uganda Protectorate to act as Vice-Consul. Early in 1902 he was appointed magistrate in Mombasa and in May the same year was transferred to Zanzibar as acting Assistant Judge. He was appointed Second Assistant Judge in October 1902 and promoted to Senior Assistant Judge in February 1904. Throughout his time in Zanzibar he sat as one of the judges of the Court of Appeal for the East Africa Protectorates and was present at the first sitting of that court.

In 1905, he was appointed Judge of the British Court for Siam, replacing acting judge Hiram Parkes Wilkinson. In 1909, on conclusion of the treaty partially bringing extraterritoriality to an end between Siam and Great Britain, he was lent to the Siamese Government as legal adviser. In this role, he sat on the Siamese Court of Appeal. In recognition of his valuable services as judicial adviser, he was awarded the Insignia of the Third Class of the Ratanabhon Personal Order by the King of Siam.

In 1915, Turner was appointed Assistant Judge of the British Supreme Court for China in Shanghai on the retirement of Sir Frederick Bourne. In 1921, he was promoted to Chief Judge. In 1926 he served as the British Representative on the Extraterritoriality Commission that had been set up to investigate the application of extraterritoriality in China with the view to its eventual abolition.

Turner retired in 1927 and was succeeded by Peter Grain.

## Personal life

Turner married in The Lady Chapel of Winchester Cathedral on 2 October 1902 Millicent Harriet Hewitt, daughter of Rev. W. H. Hewett.

Turner died eight years after his retirement, on 5 July 1935, at a nursing home in Winchester at the age of 67.

## Further reading

* Clark, Douglas (2015). *Gunboat Justice: British and American Law Courts in China and Japan (1842-1943)*. Hong Kong: Earnshaw Books., Vol. 1: ISBN 978-988-82730-8-9; Vol. 2: ISBN 978-988-82730-9-6; Vol. 3: ISBN 978-988-82731-9-5

## InfoBox

| SirSkinner Turner | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Judge, British Court for Siam | |
| **In office**
1905–1909 | |
| Assistant Judge, British Supreme Court for China | |
| **In office**
1916–1921 | |
| Preceded by | Frederick Samuel Augustus Bourne |
| Succeeded by | Peter Grain |
| Chief Judge, British Supreme Court for China | |
| **In office**
1921–1927 | |
| Preceded by | Havilland de Sausmarez |
| Succeeded by | Peter Grain |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1868-06-02)2 June 1868
Tonbridge, Kent, England |
| Died | 5 July 1935(1935-07-05) (aged 67)
Winchester, England |
|  | |