title: Uncle Nick

abstract: Uncle Nick is a 2015 American comedy film directed by Chris Kasick, written by Mike Demski, and starring Brian Posehn, Paget Brewster, Missi Pyle, Scott Adsit, Beau Ballinger and Melia Renee. The film features Posehn as the titular character, a drunkard who goes to his annual Christmas family reunion where hijinks ensues. It was released on December 4, 2015, by Dark Sky Films.

text:
# Uncle Nick

***Uncle Nick*** is a 2015 American comedy film directed by Chris Kasick, written by Mike Demski, and starring Brian Posehn, Paget Brewster, Missi Pyle, Scott Adsit, Beau Ballinger and Melia Renee. The film features Posehn as the titular character, a drunkard who goes to his annual Christmas family reunion where hijinks ensues.

It was released on December 4, 2015, by Dark Sky Films.

## Plot

Nick Wilkins is a lazy and lewd drunkard based in Cleveland who has to care for his elderly mother and manage the family landscaping business with his mistreated employee Luis. Although his mother is unable to go for health reasons, he plans to go to his family's annual Christmas gathering which would take place in the lavish home of his arrogant younger brother Cody. Cody lives with his older wife Sophie, an affluent but uptight pharmaceutical sales rep, and stepchildren Valerie, an aspiring model and college student, and Marcus, a gaming addict. Despite his contempt for Cody, Nick decides to go in hopes of hooking up with Valerie, with whom he has been exchanging messages and shares a mutual attraction with.

Nick's drinking and smoking irritates Cody and Sophie upon his arrival, and Sophie makes him do his smoking at Cody's studio where he designs t-shirts. The rebellious Valerie joins Nick in covertly smoking and drinking at the studio where they flirt. Nick later has a lively conversation with Marcus where they share their dislike of Cody and share their outlooks on life. Nick's fantasies about Valerie are often clouded by memories of his former girlfriend, Emily. When Nick and Valerie flirt again, Nick spots that she has been sexting someone, and when he brings it up to her, she encourages him to send her a dick pic.

Nick goes to the bathroom to take his dick pic, but he is unable to send it due to weak internet. Nick's attractive but equally bad-mannered younger sister Michelle arrives with her supportive husband Kevin, who runs a baseball podcast about the Cleveland Indians. Nick, Michelle, Kevin, and Valerie enjoy rowdy karaoke and Marcus barfs after trying eggnog, much to the consternation of Sophie. The family dinner is tense and awkward, made worse after Nick is forced to talk about how Emily suddenly died by aneurysm by his side in Christmas Eve. Sophie visits Nick in the studio to comfort him.

After badly losing a game of white elephant, the tipsy Nick unloads his stresses towards Cody and Sophie. Michelle brings Nick to the studio where he impulsively asks her his chances with Valerie. Michelle chastises her brother for pursuing the much-younger Valerie and tells him to sober up before he does something he would regret. Nick decides to retreat to his car, where Valerie joins him. She decides to seduce her uncle now that they are alone, but Nick, heeding his sister's words, rejects her advances. He goes back inside and stays at the studio. Distressed, Nick calls Luis, who denies Nick's pleas to join him and quits after confessing that he is fed up with him being a bad boss.

However, before he is able to sleep, he overhears Cody and Valerie having sex in the studio. Nick deduces that Cody was the one Valerie has been sexting and he is having a long-term affair with his own stepdaughter. After acting coldly towards Cody and Valerie, Nick baits both of them into exposing the affair to the family, much to the horror of Sophie. Valerie flees in shame and Cody beats Nick into unconsciousness. Marcus gets Cody off Nick and beats up Cody before Michelle and Kevin pull him away.

Nick wakes up in Christmas morning with only Sophie remaining at the house. Michelle and Kevin had left, Cody has been kicked out and is staying at a hotel, and Valerie and Marcus are staying with their father's. Nick apologizes for his behavior the day before, while Sophie admits that she left her previous husband for Cody out of fear of aging. Alone together, the two bond by the piano.

In the aftermath, Michelle and Kevin reminisce the Wilkins' old family photos; a traumatized Valerie rejects Cody's texts; and Luis re-joins the Wilkins landscaping business with Marcus as a new hire. Nick decides to join Kevin's podcast and talk about the Ten Cent Beer Night, with his anecdotes interspersed throughout the film. Nick reveals his parents had their first kiss at the game, and after they married months later, they had Nick as their firstborn child.

## Cast

## Release

The film was released on December 4, 2015, by Dark Sky Films.

## InfoBox

| Uncle Nick | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | Chris Kasick |
| Written by | Mike Demski |
| Produced by | Rebecca Hamm
Chris Kasick
Leslie Lucey
Brian Posehn |
| Starring | Brian Posehn
Paget Brewster
Missi Pyle
Scott Adsit
Beau Ballinger
Melia Renee |
| Cinematography | Michael Pescasio |
| Edited by | Kimberley Hassett |
| Music by | P. Andrew Willis |
| Production
company | Chris Kasick Company |
| Distributed by | Dark Sky Films |
| Release date | * December 4, 2015 (2015-12-04) |
| Running time | 81 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: Pat Crowley (fashion designer)

abstract: Pat Crowley was an Irish fashion designer. Amongst her clients were the Irish president Mary Robinson.

text:
# Pat Crowley (fashion designer)

**Pat Crowley** (17 May 1933 – 16 December 2013) was an Irish fashion designer. Amongst her clients were the Irish president Mary Robinson.

## Early and personal life

Patricia Crowley, née Vernon, was born in Taylor's Hill County Galway on 17 May 1933. She was the eldest of seven children, her four brothers John, Robert, William and Ray and her two sisters Elizabeth and Anne. Herbert Scott Vernon, Crowley's father, was born in Ballinrobe, County Mayo and worked as a Bank of Ireland agent. Her mother, Netta Vernon née Morrissey, was from Charleville, County Cork.

Herbert Vernon died at the age of 60, his death led her mother to move to America to earn money for the family. Here, she started working as a housekeeper, this being her first job. As Pat's brothers were still in school when their father died, Netta earned enough money working to send home to put them through college.

Crowley met Conor Crowley, from Stillorgan, at an international rugby match in Lansdowne Road. Conor, born 1928, was a partner in Kennedy Crowley. This was a business founded by his father, which then merged to become Stokes Kennedy Crowley accountancy firm (now KPMG). The two married in 1957, but delayed having a family as Crowley wanted to continue her work. In 1968 the couple welcomed their first child, Vernon. They later had two more children, Fiona and Lisa. The family lived in Dolly's Grove, a 62-acre stud farm in Dunboyne, County Meath.

Crowley studied fashion design at Grafton Academy in Dublin, which opened in 1938. It is located at the Grand Canal Dock. She was pushed into going there by her mother, although her father never approved of women getting an education.

## Career

When Crowley graduated from the Grafton Academy, she went on to work as an air hostess for Aer Lingus. At the time, being an air hostess was considered a very glamorous job, it provided her with the opportunity to travel and be on the first transatlantic flight out of Ireland. IB Jorgenson was one of the designers of the Aer Lingus uniforms. He also attended the Grafton Academy and later became good friends with Crowley. When Crowley met her husband, it was expected that she would stop working to raise a family, however she decided to continue working. She was not ready for a family and decided to go on the pill, and to get a job. It was rare for a married women to have a job in that time period, but in 1960 Crowley began working for Irene Gilbert.

Irene Gilbert was another leading Irish fashion designer, she is famous for her work and friendship with Grace Kelly. She designed multiple of Grace's outfits, which Crowley would have also worked on. She perfected the designing skills that she learned at Grafton Academy, for example, Draping. Crowley learned a lot about the fashion business from Gilbert. She learned more about fashion design itself, but also sales in fashion, marketing, and management. Crowley travelled to the United States multiple times doing sales and correspondence for Gilbert, this prepared her a lot for when she decided to open her own business. Crowley worked for Gilbert for seven years, until her first child was born.

Crowley then launched her own knitwear business in 1968. She then set up her workshop and store on Duke street in the city centre of Dublin. Crowley's reputation enhanced through the stocking of well known designers such as Valentino, Thierry Mugler and Ungaro to supplement her own designs. Her innovative and creative designs led to a greater demand from her clients. She employed 600 knitters across the country to meet expectations. Her innovative spin on the traditional woollen jumper was the standout of her early designs.

Crowley was becoming an iconic figure in the fashion industry and was starting to make appearances through the media and TV shows, one in particular being "Head To Toe" which was the prime fashion TV show on RTÉ. She appeared on the show in 1992 to showcase her Autumn/Winter collection for that year.

### Clients

Crowley dressed everyone, from presidents to film stars. She spent a lot of her later life still designing and throughout the eighties, she began bringing her clothes to the rich women of America. She had a number of high-profile customers which included Miranda Guinness, Terry Keane and Rosaleen Linehan. Her popularity grew in the US because of her custom fitted clothing and personal interest in all of her customers. Crowley's most noteworthy achievement was the dressing of Mary Robinson when she met Queen Elizabeth in London in 1993, and Pope John Paul in Rome in 1996. Another accolade was when she designed the dress that Marie Heaney wore when her husband Seamus Heaney was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1995. Crowley received the Satzenbrau Designer of the Year award in 1990. By then, her clothes became more colourful, yet remained elegant. One of Crowley's most well known Irish fashion icons was Miranda Iveagh, known to be one of Ireland's best dressed females. When asked about being dressed by Crowley she said she felt "frightfully happy" dressed in her designs. Iveagh also talked about how Crowley had a way at selling her designs by charming the husbands at spending more money than they anticipated on their wives.

## Later life and death

In the mid-to-late 1990s, Crowley's career continued to be busy, as was her husbands. Conor Crowley was competing in the European horse racing championships. The two kept horses on their farm in Dunboyne and rode them every day.

She underwent a hip operation in 1999, which marked a decline in her health. Conor Crowley died on 22 September 1999, when Crowley was in New York. The cause of his death was unknown. It was at this time that she was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. In an interview with *The Independent*, her daughter, Lisa, spoke about her experience with her mother and her Alzheimer's, looking back at one experience in particular,

> "..it was like she had disappeared. I brought her in to be diagnosed in November and she was kicking and screaming. I remember it so well, I had taken a half day off from work, she had been riding a horse that morning and she was totally compos mentis in her jodhpurs and riding boots and she said 'You are not going to put me into a loony bin!' She actually got her hand and slapped my arm. I knew that she understood what it would be like. I read her diary two days later and it said 'Lisa brought me to the doctor. I actually was quite glad. I was very frightened. 'It was frightening stuff for everyone concerned, and very emotional."

In her last few years she became difficult, refusing any help or care. She also became very anxious and agitated in situations.

A year later, she decided to retire, closing her boutique in Molesworth Place. She then sold her 62-acre farm for €4.2 million, along with her horses, and moved to Sandymount, Dublin 4. She was later moved into Highfield Healthcare nursing home in Whitehall, under the care of her son Vernon and two daughters Lisa and Fiona. Lisa also spoke in the interview of how Crowley was regressing back to her childhood. Crowley died on 16 December 2013, aged 80 and was buried in Rooske Cemetery, Dunboyne, County Meath.

## InfoBox

| Pat Crowley | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Patricia Vernon
17 May 1933
Taylor's Hill, County Galway |
| Died | 16 December 2013 |
| Resting place | Rooske Cemetery, Dunboyne, County Meath |
| Nationality | Irish |
| Occupation | Fashion designer |
| Spouse | Conor Crowley |
| Children | 3 |
| Awards | Satzenbrau Designer of the Year 1990 |


title: Pretinha

abstract: Delma Gonçalves, commonly known as Pretinha, is a Brazilian professional soccer coach and former forward. A longtime member of the Brazil national team, for whom she debuted in 1991, she played for clubs in Brazil, the United States and Japan before moving to Icheon Daekyo of South Korea's WK-League in 2009. With the Brazilian national team, Pretinha participated in four World Cups; in China (1991), Sweden (1995), United States (1999), and China (2007). She has also played in four Olympic Games; in Atlanta (1996), Sydney (2000), Athens (2004) and Beijing (2008). She won silver medals from the 2004 and 2008 Olympic tournaments.

text:
# Pretinha

**Delma Gonçalves** (born 19 May 1975), commonly known as **Pretinha**, is a Brazilian professional soccer coach and former forward. A longtime member of the Brazil national team, for whom she debuted in 1991, she played for clubs in Brazil, the United States and Japan before moving to Icheon Daekyo of South Korea's WK-League in 2009.

With the Brazilian national team, Pretinha participated in four World Cups; in China (1991), Sweden (1995), United States (1999), and China (2007). She has also played in four Olympic Games; in Atlanta (1996), Sydney (2000), Athens (2004) and Beijing (2008). She won silver medals from the 2004 and 2008 Olympic tournaments.

## Club career

As a child, Pretinha had played football with her brothers on the streets of Rio. She joined her first club Mendanha Futebol Clube at the age of 14. After being elevated to the Brazil national team, she was signed by the female section of Vasco da Gama. At the time of the 1999 Women's World Cup in the United States, Pretinha was earning around $3,400 per month from her contract with Vasco.

When the American professional Women's United Soccer Association (WUSA) started in 2001, Pretinha and compatriot Roseli were assigned to Washington Freedom in the inaugural draft. Pretinha scored the only goal in the league's first ever match; a second half penalty kick at the Bay Area CyberRays. With four goals in her first five games Pretinha led the early season scoring charts, she finished the campaign with five goals having played in all 21 league games. At the end of the inaugural season Washington traded Pretinha to the CyberRays.

During her first season with her new club in 2002, coach Ian Sawyers handed Pretinha a deeper midfield role. In June 2003 she scored twice at Washington Freedom to salvage a draw for the CyberRays against her old club. The team's top-goalscorer, Pretinha missed the culmination of the CyberRays' 2003 campaign after tearing the anterior cruciate ligament in her right knee during an international friendly between Brazil and the United States in July 2003.

With the collapse of WUSA and the lack of structure in Brazil women's football, Pretinha was without a club while recuperating from her injury. She played in the Athens Olympics as a free agent, then joined Japanese L. League team INAC Kobe Leonessa in 2005. In March 2009 she joined Icheon Daekyo, becoming the first foreign professional to join the new WK-League in South Korea.

## International career

When the Brazil women's national football team were preparing for the inaugural 1991 FIFA Women's World Cup, they played a training match against a Liga Desportiva de Nova Iguaçu (LDNI) select team containing a 16-year-old Pretinha. Brazil won easily but Pretinha excelled to the extent that she was added to the national team panel for the World Cup. The aeroplane journey to Guangdong in China was the first time that the young Pretinha had travelled outside the state of Rio.

In China Pretinha featured in Brazil's last two group games; being unused in the 1–0 win over Japan then playing as a substitute in defeats by the United States (0–5) and Sweden (0–2). The Brazil women's national team did not play another match for over three years, until a sponsorship from Maizena corn starch allowed them to play in the 1995 South American Women's Football Championship. Pretinha remained in the squad, one of 10 Vasco players to be included, and scored six goals in Brazil's successful campaign.

At the 1995 FIFA Women's World Cup in Sweden, Pretinha scored in a 2–1 defeat by Japan. Brazil finished at the bottom of Group A, but qualified for the 1996 Atlanta Olympics on account of England having no agreement to represent Great Britain. At the Olympics Pretinha was the joint-top goalscorer with four goals, as Brazil finished in fourth place after a 3–2 defeat in the bronze medal match by Norway.

Still playing for Vasco da Gama, Pretinha remained a key player for Brazil at the 1999 FIFA Women's World Cup. A tournament preview on the SoccerTimes.com website pointed out she had scored two goals in each of her previous two games and called her: "a force at midfield or forward". She was a member of the Brazil team that participated in the 2000 Sydney Olympics and again finished in fourth place.

The knee injury sustained by Pretinha in July 2003 ruled her out of Brazil's squad for the 2003 FIFA Women's World Cup. Despite being without a club, she was restored to the national team for the 2004 Athens Olympics. She scored in both the 1–0 semi-final win over Sweden and the 2–1 overtime final defeat by the United States, as Brazil collected silver medals.

She remained in the national selection for the 2007 Pan American Games, but was predominantly a reserve player. She was disappointed not to start the final, staged at Maracanã Stadium in her home city, but did come on as a late substitute. As an experienced 32-year-old veteran, she was called up for her fourth World Cup in 2007. She was a substitute in the final, which Brazil lost 2–0 to Germany.

Pretinha participated at the 2008 Beijing Olympics. She won another silver medal when Brazil lost the final 1–0 after extra time to the United States. That was her final contribution at national team level, until she was called up six years later, aged 39, for a friendly match in France.

## International goals

| No. | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | 8 January 1995 | Uberlândia, Brazil | Ecuador | **?**–0 | 13–0 | 1995 South American Women's Football Championship |
| 2. | | | | **?**–0 | | |
| 3. | | | | **?**–0 | | |
| 4. | | | | **?**–0 | | |
| 5. | 14 January 1995 | | Argentina | **4**–0 | 8–0 | |
| 6. | | | **8**–0 | ||
| 7. | 7 June 1995 | Karlstad, Sweden | Japan | **1**–0 | 1–2 | 1995 FIFA Women's World Cup |
| 8. | 21 July 1996 | Washington, D.C., United States | Norway | **1**–1 | 2–2 | 1996 Summer Olympics |
| 9. | | | | **2**–2 | | |
| 10. | 23 July 1996 | Birmingham, United States | Japan | **2**–0 | 2–0 | |
| 11. | 28 July 1996 | Athens, United States | China | **2**–1 | 2–3 | |
| 12. | 6 March 1998 | Mar del Plata, Argentina | Venezuela | **?**–0 | 14–0 | 1998 South American Women's Football Championship |
| 13. | 15 March 1998 | | Argentina | **4**–0 | 7–1 | |
| 14. | 15 September 1998 | Oneonta, United States | Russia | **1**–? | 2–2 | 1998 Women's U.S. Cup |
| 15. | | | | **2**–? | | |
| 16. | 18 September 1998 | Rochester, United States | Mexico | **?**–0 | 11–0 | |
| 17. | | | | **?**–0 | | |
| 18. | | | | **?**–0 | | |
| 19. | | | | **?**–0 | | |
| 20. | 19 June 1999 | East Rutherford, United States | Mexico | **1**–0 | 7–1 | 1999 FIFA Women's World Cup |
| 21. | | | | **2**–1 | | |
| 22. | | | | **7**–1 | | |
| 23. | 13 September 2000 | Melbourne, Australia | Sweden | **1**–0 | 2–0 | 2000 Summer Olympics |
| 24. | 23 April 2003 | Lima, Peru | Argentina | **2**–0 | 3–2 | 2003 South American Women's Football Championship |
| 25. | 25 April 2003 | | Peru | **2**–0 | 3–0 | |
| 26. | 27 April 2003 | | Colombia | **1**–0 | 12–0 | |
| 27. | | | **2**–0 | ||
| 28. | 17 August 2004 | Patras, Greece | Greece | **1**–0 | 7–0 | 2004 Summer Olympics |
| 29. | 23 August 2004 | | Sweden | **1**–0 | 1–0 | |
| 30. | 26 August 2004 | Piraeus, Greece | United States | **1**–1 | 1–2 (a.e.t.) | |
| 31. | 18 July 2007 | Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | Ecuador | **8**–0 | 10–0 | 2007 Pan American Games |
| 32. | 20 September 2007 | Hangzhou, China | Denmark | **1**–0 | 1–0 | 2007 FIFA Women's World Cup |
|

## Coaching career

In February 2022 Pretinha became an assistant coach at her former club Vasco da Gama.

1. In a June 1999 interview with Grant Wahl, Pretinha said her nickname means "little black girl" and that the reference to skin color is not considered problematic in Brazil.

## InfoBox

Pretinha
|  | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | Delma Gonçalves | | |
| Date of birth | (1975-05-19) 19 May 1975 | | |
| Place of birth | Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | | |
| Height | 1.57 m (5 ft 2 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Forward | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1989–1991 | Mendanha FC |  |  |
| 1992–2000 | Vasco da Gama |  |  |
| 2001 | Washington Freedom | 21 | (5) |
| 2002–2003 | San Jose CyberRays | 34 | (9) |
| 2005–2008 | INAC Kobe Leonessa |  |  |
| 2009–2017 | Icheon Daekyo |  | (49) |
| International career | | | |
| 1991–2014 | Brazil | 68 | (42) |
| Medal record      Representing  Brazil  Football  Olympic Games  2004 Athens Team  2008 Beijing  Team | | | |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 19:31, 4 January 2023 (UTC)<br>‡ National team caps and goals, correct as of 19:31, 4 January 2023 (UTC) | | | |


title: Tropidion obesum

abstract: Tropidion obesum is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Martins in 1968.

text:
# Tropidion obesum

***Tropidion obesum*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Martins in 1968.

## InfoBox

| *Tropidion obesum* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | *Tropidion* |
| Species: | ***T. obesum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Tropidion obesum***<br>Martins, 1968 | |
|


title: Lover of Sin

abstract: Lover of Sin is an American black metal/deathrock band containing members of Christian Death (Maitri/Valor), Diet of Worms (band) member Juan "Punchy" Gonzalez, Tony Norman (live) from Monstrosity and Morbid Angel, Howard Davis (live) from Genitorturers, and guest vocals by Damond Jiniya of Savatage. The band released their self-titled debut in 2003 through Candlelight Records. It was often mistaken for a Christian Death album. Lover of Sin released a new record in June 2012 entitled Horny Beast. Maitri, Punchy, and Allister Pike returned for the second release. The record featured guest performances by George Kollias, Karl Sanders, Destructhor, Elizabeth Schall, and Ralph Santolla.

text:
# Lover of Sin

**Lover of Sin** is an American black metal/deathrock band containing members of Christian Death (Maitri/Valor), Diet of Worms (band) member Juan "Punchy" Gonzalez, Tony Norman (live) from Monstrosity and Morbid Angel, Howard Davis (live) from Genitorturers, and guest vocals by Damond Jiniya of Savatage. The band released their self-titled debut in 2003 through Candlelight Records. It was often mistaken for a Christian Death album.

Lover of Sin released a new record in June 2012 entitled *Horny Beast*. Maitri, Punchy, and Allister Pike returned for the second release. The record featured guest performances by George Kollias, Karl Sanders, Destructhor, Elizabeth Schall, and Ralph Santolla.

## InfoBox

| Lover of Sin | |
| --- | --- |
| Origin | United States |
| Genres | Black metal, deathrock |
| Years active | 2002–present |
| Labels | Candlelight Records |
|  | |
| Members | Valor Kand
Maitri
Akadian
Nabu Kadnezzer
Ishtar
Juan 'Punchy' Gonzalez |


title: Mexborough and Swinton Traction Company

abstract: The Mexborough and Swinton Traction Company was the name adopted by the Mexborough & Swinton Tramways Company in 1929 following the introduction of trolleybuses on all its routes. It operated in the West Riding of Yorkshire, England, over routes serving Manvers Main Colliery, Wath upon Dearne and the towns of Rotherham, Rawmarsh, Swinton, Mexborough, Conisbrough and the estate at Conanby. The first opening took place in 1907 and was owned by the National Electric Construction Co., becoming part of the British Electric Traction Group in 1931.

text:
# Mexborough and Swinton Traction Company

The **Mexborough and Swinton Traction Company** was the name adopted by the Mexborough & Swinton Tramways Company in 1929 following the introduction of trolleybuses on all its routes. It operated in the West Riding of Yorkshire, England, over routes serving Manvers Main Colliery, Wath upon Dearne and the towns of Rotherham, Rawmarsh, Swinton, Mexborough, Conisbrough and the estate at Conanby.

The first opening took place in 1907 and was owned by the National Electric Construction Co., becoming part of the British Electric Traction Group in 1931.

## History

| Mexborough and Swinton Tramways Act 1902 | |
| --- | --- |
| Act of Parliament | |
| Parliament of the United Kingdom | |
| Citation | 2 Edw. 7. c. ccxxx |

| Mexborough and Swinton Tramways Act 1905 | |
| --- | --- |
| Act of Parliament | |
| Parliament of the United Kingdom | |
| Long title | An Act to extend the time for the compulsory purchase of lands and for the construction of the tramways and works authorised by the Mexborough and Swinton Tramways Act 1902 and the Rawmarsh Urban District Council (Tramways) Act 1900 and for other purposes. |
| Citation | 5 Edw. 7. c. xxix |
| Dates | |
| Royal assent | 30 June 1905 |
| Text of statute as originally enacted | |

A tramway connecting Rotherham, Mexborough, Swinton and Denaby had been authorised by an act of Parliament (2 Edw. 7. c. ccxxx) obtained in 1902. It was constructed by the National Electric Construction Co Ltd, and operated by its subsidiary, the Mexborough and Swinton Tramways Company, from its opening in 1907, with the private company running its trams over Rotherham Corporation's tracks at the Rotherham end. The company's first attempt at rail-less operation was in 1910 when a Thornycroft charabanc, hired from the Musselburgh Tramways Company, was tried for a short period, operating between the Old Toll Bar at Mexborough and Denaby Main Colliery Village, and also from Mexborough to Wath via Manvers Main Colliery. Objections from Mexborough Council caused the withdrawal of the service.

| Mexborough and Swinton Tramways (Railless Traction) Act 1913 | |
| --- | --- |
| Act of Parliament | |
| Parliament of the United Kingdom | |
| Long title | An Act to authorise the Mexborough and Swinton Tramways Company to provide and work trolley vehicles in connection with their tramways and for other purposes. |
| Citation | 3 & 4 Geo. 5. c. lxvii |
| Dates | |
| Royal assent | 15 August 1913 |
| Text of statute as originally enacted | |

In 1912, the company turned its attention to "rail-less traction" and set a bill before Parliament to authorise five trolleybus routes. These were to run from an interchange with the tramway near the Woodman Inn at Swinton north-westwards to Wath-upon-Dearne; westwards from Wath to West Melton; northwards from Wath to Goldthorpe; from the Denaby tram terminus eastwards to Conisbrough; and from Mexborough westwards to Manvers Main. At the time, local councils were considering constructing their own tramway or trolleybus system, and so opposed the scheme. When the Mexborough and Swinton Tramways (Railless Traction) Act 1913 (3 & 4 Geo. 5. c. lxvii) received royal assent, it only included authority to build the last two of the five routes. Construction began, and both routes opened on 31 August 1915, although they were physically isolated from each other. The three single-deck vehicles obtained for the opening and a few trams were stored in a new depot at Old Toll Bar, but there were only tram wires from the depot to the start of the Manvers Main route at Mexborough. The trolleybuses reached there with one trolley boom on the overhead wire and a skate running along the tram tracks to complete the circuit. They also used this method to reach the main depot at Rawmarsh, when they were in need of maintenance.

| Mexborough & Swinton<br>and Rotherham Trolleybuses |
| --- |
|  |
|  |
| Key |
|  |

The first route from Mexborough town centre to Manvers failed to reach the main gates of the colliery due to a low bridge below the Midland Railway line, while the second ran from the Old Toll Bar to Conisbrough. Manvers is the only locality in England to have had a trolleybus before a tramway. The system was known as the "Trackless" to the locals.

The system did not operate for very long, closing after a few months, largely because so many of the staff were called up to fight in the First World War. The company tried hard to maintain the route to Manvers Main, since colliery working was deemed to be an essential occupation, but the service was at best sporadic, although a second-hand vehicle was purchased in 1917 from the Stockport system to augment the fleet. Conditions did not immediately improve when the war ended, and services only resumed properly on the Manvers route in 1921, with the Conisbrough route following in 1922. Two new vehicles with upholstered seats were obtained in 1922 and another one in 1924. The company also began running motor buses in 1922, and considered whether to convert the trolleybus routes to tramways. They wanted to link their tramway to the Doncaster Corporation system and the Dearne District Light Railway, a street tramway linking Barnsley with the towns of Wombwell, Wath, Bolton on Dearne and Thurnscoe.

| Mexborough and Swinton Tramways Company (Trolley Vehicles) Order Confirmation Act 1927 | |
| --- | --- |
| Act of Parliament | |
| Parliament of the United Kingdom | |
| Long title | An Act to confirm a Provisional Order made by the Minister of Transport under the Mexborough and Swinton Tramways Act 1926 relating to Mexborough and Swinton Tramways Company's trolley vehicles. |
| Citation | 17 & 18 Geo. 5. c. liii |
| Dates | |
| Royal assent | 29 July 1927 |
| Other legislation | |
| Repealed by | Mexborough and Swinton Traction Act 1960 |
| Status: Repealed | |
| Text of statute as originally enacted | |

The company's visions for such an extended network of trams were not to be, and they looked instead to convert their tramways to trolleybus routes. To assess what was available, a demonstrator from Richard Garrett & Sons was tried out in December 1925, and another from Ransomes in November 1926. Rotherham Corporation has been running trolleybuses since 1912, but were reluctant to allow Mexborough and Swinton vehicles into the town. However, the two sides reached an agreement in 1926, under which Rotherham would convert its section of tramway ready for trolleybus operation and allow Mexborough trolleybuses to reach the town centre, while Rotherham vehicles could run over Mexborough's routes to various termini. The necessary powers were granted by an act of Parliament obtained in 1927, which also allowed them to extend the system. At the eastern end, the wires were extended from the Dale Road terminus along Low Road to Brook Square. This was known as Conisbrough Low, and the Company were hopeful that Doncaster wiring would eventually extend to that point, enabling the two trolleybus systems to connect. Another route from Dale Road ran up a hill to Conanby, where there was a new housing estate. This was known as Conisbrough High. The Company were also talking to the Dearne District Light Railway about the possibility of them constructing a new route from Bolton on Dearne to Manvers Lane.

The trolleybus service to Conisbrough was withdrawn on 1 January 1928, to allow alterations to the overhead wiring to be made. In just two months, the wiring was ready for testing and they borrowed a Doncaster double-deck vehicle to allow this to take place. The routes to Manvers and Conisbrough were now connected, and services ran from Manvers to Conisbrough Low, and from Mexborough to Conisbrough High. The next section to be converted was the route southwards to the Woodman Inn at Swinton, which opened on 11 November 1928, following a Ministry of Transport inspection two days earlier. Services were re-routed, with trolleybuses from Manvers now running to Conisbrough High, and those from Conisbrough Low running to Swinton. That left the trams running between Swinton and Rotherham, and they were finally withdrawn on 9 March 1929, with trolleybuses running through to Rottherham from the following day. There was a branch along Kilnhurst Road, near the Rawmarsh depot, that allowed short working to be operated to Ryecroft. The Company bought a fleet of new vehicles from Garretts to operate the services, and changed its name to the Mexborough & Swinton Traction Co in 1929, reflecting the fact that they no longer ran trams. They added a turning circle at Conisbrough High in February 1931, to replace a longer loop around a crescent, and opened a branch along Adwick Road, Mexborough on 28 June 1931. This was intended to be the start of a northern extension, but no further progress was made with this. The wires were diverted along a new section of wider and straighter road to the north of Rawmarsh on 28 February 1932, and the final addition to the network saw the Kilnhurst Road branch turned into a loop on 15 October 1934, which was used by services from Rotherham, but operated by vehicles owned by the Company.

As part of the deal that allowed the Company's trolleybuses to run into the centre of Rotherham, Rotherham Corporation vehicles ran out to Kilnhurst, to Conisbrough Low, and to the Adwick Road terminus. Mexborough & Swinton used letters to identify their services, while Rotherham used numbers, apart from their un-numbered service to Templeborough. In some cases, both companies ran vehicles over the same route, which were identified differently depending on who owned the particular vehicle. Thus Mexborough vehicles running between Conisbrough Low and Rotherham were running service "B", while Rotherham vehicles plying the same route were running service "9". The fleet was augmented in 1937, when six second-hand vehicles manufactured by English Electric were purchased from the Notts and Derby Traction Co, and again in 1942 when six 3-axle vehicles made by Guy Motors arrived from Hastings, although not all of this last batch entered service. During the Second World War, the Company bought six utility-bodied Sunbeams in 1943, and after hostilities had ended, bought 33 more Sunbeams in three batches, allowing all of the pre-war fleet to be withdrawn.

### Demise

Following the end of the Second World War a new livery was introduced, starting with the company's six austerity Sunbeam trolleybuses. The red/brown livery which had been carried since the early days was replaced by a brighter green and cream livery. It was well received and the rest of the fleet followed. The first new vehicles to carry the livery were delivered in 1947. Route changes were proposed and first was an application to extend from the Adwick Road terminus in Mexborough to the newly built Windhill estate. It never happened and Windhill was not directly served until the coming of the motor bus route, itself short-lived (December 1948 to June 1953) as the route was unprofitable. The second application was to ease the traffic problems in the narrow streets of Conisbrough and in this respect a new link along Station Road to allow one-way working was proposed, which was in use by March 1948.

The beginning of the end of the trolleybus system started in 1953 when an order was placed for ten Leyland Tiger Cub motor buses with Weymann 44-seat bodywork and front entrances, which arrived the following year. Three other changes took place around that time. To house miners who were moving into the area, particularly from Scotland, the National Coal Board built a new estate, known as "The Concrete Canyon" at Sandhill, Rawmarsh, and, to serve this, a new route between Parkgate and Kilnhurst was developed. This was then extended to the Woodman Inn, Swinton and subsequently to the Cresswell Arms, Swinton. Secondly, a new route was introduced running from Rotherham to the newly built Monkwood estate in Rawmarsh, which joined the main road at the top of Blythe Avenue.

| Mexborough and Swinton Traction Act 1960 | |
| --- | --- |
| Act of Parliament | |
| Parliament of the United Kingdom | |
| Long title | An Act to authorise the Mexborough and Swinton Traction Company Limited to discontinue the services of trolley vehicles authorised by the Mexborough and Swinton Traction Acts and Orders 1902 to 1947 and for other purposes. |
| Citation | 8 & 9 Eliz. 2. c. xxiv |
| Dates | |
| Royal assent | 29 July 1960 |
| Other legislation | |
| Amends | * Rawmarsh Urban District Council (Tramways) Act 1900 |
| Repeals/revokes | * Mexborough and Swinton Tramways Act 1902 * Mexborough and Swinton Tramways Act 1905 * Mexborough and Swinton Tramways (Railless Traction) Act 1913 * Mexborough and Swinton Tramways Act 1926 * Mexborough and Swinton Tramways Company (Trolley Vehicles) Order Confirmation Act 1927 * Mexborough and Swinton Traction Act 1929 * Mexborough and Swinton Traction (Trolley Vehicles) Order Confirmation Act 1934 * Mexborough and Swinton Traction (Trolley Vehicles) Order Confirmation Act 1937 |
| Text of statute as originally enacted | |

The third change, which took place on 27 September 1954, was the replacement of the trolleybuses from Rotherham to Kilnhurst via the Green Lane loop by motorbuses. Bus services expanded rapidly to serve new communities which were developing, and in 1960 the company obtained the powers to cease running trolleybuses and to run motor bus services instead. The Manvers to Conisbrough High route was the first to go, on 1 January 1961, but the rest did not last much longer, and the final trolleybus service ran on 26 March 1961 on the Conisbrough Low to Rotherham route. The following day, four trolleybuses ran in procession to mark the passing of an era. The leading vehicle, No.29, had part of its roof removed to allow a brass band, the Rawmarsh Prize Band, to provide music for the occasion. The Leyland Atlantean buses ordered as replacements were the first double-deck vehicles in the fleet, and the economics of the move can be seen in that they had 72 seats, as opposed to the single deck trolleybuses with 32 seats. The Company had been the first private company to operate trolleybuses in Britain, and were also the last to do so.

The Mexborough & Swinton Traction Company Limited developed closer ties with Yorkshire Traction in the late 1960s, as both companies were controlled by British Electric Traction, although British Rail held some of Yorkshire Traction's shares. On 1 January 1969, both companies became part of the National Bus Company, and the Mexborough & Swinton Traction Company was absorbed into Yorkshire Traction on 1 October 1969. Thus ended more than sixty years of service to the Don Valley communities.

### Preservation

The end of service was not quite the end for all of the vehicles. The six Sunbeams from 1943 had been sold to Doncaster in 1954, where they had been fitted with double-deck bodies. Twelve of the final vehicles were sold to Bradford, where seven of them received new double-deck bodies in 1963 and were placed in service, and two may have been sold to Teesside, but the records are unclear.

No.34, one of the Garrett single-deck vehicles delivered in 1927, saw further use following withdrawal after the end of the Second World War, first as a caravan, and then as a hay store on a farm. Enthusiasts found it in 1974, and bought it for £35. It is now stored at The Trolleybus Museum at Sandtoft, though in 2014 it was still in its "as-found" condition. It is hoped that it can be restored, although that will involve substantial rebuilding of the bodywork, and none of the electrical equipment remains. Of the vehicles that were sold to Bradford, four have been preserved. No.39 became No.847 in the Bradford fleet, after it had been rebodied, and entered service on 1 March 1963. It was withdrawn in February 1972, but Nos.37 and 38, which became Nos.845 and 846, were used on the final day of operation at Bradford, on 26 March 1972. These three are all at the Sandtoft Trolleybus Museum, and No.845 became the first vehicle to operate from Sandtoft's newly installed overhead wiring in 1972. All three vehicles were awaiting restoration in 2014. The fourth vehicle is No.30, subsequently No.844 at Bradford, which is part of the collection at the Keighley Bus Museum Trust. It carried dignitaries on the final run on the Bradford system, thus becoming the very last trolleybus to operate in Britain. It carries decals to indicate that it was Bradford's and Britain's last trolleybus, and was initially preserved at Sandtoft. In May 1975 it was bought by the West Yorkshire Passenger Transport Executive, and was on loan to the West Yorkshire Transport Museum from 1984. It moved to Keighley when that museum closed.

## Fleet

For the opening of the system, the Company bought three single-deck trolleybuses. These were manufactured by Brush, and were built around a model CC 3–4 ton chassis supplied by Daimler, with electrical equipment and bodywork by Brush. They were part of the second order received by Brush for trolleybuses, consisting of six for Phondda and three for Mexborough. Both were subsidiary companies of National Electric Construction Co, and both wanted to run the trolleybuses along sections of tramway, with a skate running along the tram tracks, which posed a problem for Brush, as the patent for under-running trolleys was held by RET Construction Co. Their first order had been for Stockport, which was the only British installation to use the Lloyd-Kohler method of current collection, consisting of two wires arranged vertically and suspended from ornate brackets, which Stockport's Tramway manager had seen in Bremen. A trolley ran along the top wire, and was connected to the vehicle by a flexible cable. This was obviously not suitable for the application, so they used two under-running trolley poles mounted one above the other on the vehicle, an arrangement that had been patented by Estler in 1912. The Stockport system was not a success, and their No. 1 was bought by Mexborough in 1917, but had to be reconfigured before it run on their system.

Only single deck vehicles were used in service, as there were a number of low bridges, and the service to Manvers initially stopped short of the Manvers Main colliery, until the road under the railway bridge could be lowered sufficiently. The four vehicles saw little use, as they were withdrawn in 1922, after the arrival of two vehicles made by Associated Equipment Company (AEC) and another of the same make in 1924. This was another pioneering move for the manufacturer, as AEC were the first company with experience at manufacturing petrol chassis rather than tramway equipment to supply trolleybuses. Their first model was the 602, which was deliberately kept simple to aid maintenance, and had a single 33.5 hp (25.0 kW) motor made by British Thomson-Houston and rheostatic control. Six were manufactured, with three going to Mexborough. Richard Garrett & Sons were a brief player in trolleybus manufacturing, starting in 1925 and folding in 1931. Following their appearance at the Commercial Motor Show in November 1927, they had received an order from Doncaster Corporation for four three-axle 60-seat vehicles. The first one to be completed was tested on the Mexborough system in March 1928, although it was unregistered at the time, and ran using trade plates. As the system expanded in the late 1920s, 30 Garrett type O vehicles were purchased between 1928 and 1930. Electrical equipment was by British Thomson-Houston with bodywork by Garrett. They had a centre entrance for the passengers, and like all subsequent vehicles, 32 seats. The six English Electric vehicles purchased second-hand from Notts and Derby in 1937 departed from the standard layout by having front entrances. Six more second-hand vehicles came from Hastings in 1943, and although they were given fleet numbers from 70 to 75, only Nos. 71, 74 and 75 were actually used in public service, and then only until the end of the Second World War. They were the only three-axle vehicles that the company ran, all the rest having two axles.

A batch of six utility-bodied Sunbeams were delivered in 1943, but were sold on to Doncaster in 1954, where they ran until 1961–63 after they had been fitted with new double-deck H34/28R bodywork by Charles H. Roe. Between 1948 and 1950, all of the pre-war vehicles were withdrawn following the purchase of 33 Sunbeams, 12 of which were sold to Bradford when the system closed, where seven were fitted with H37/29B bodywork by East Lancashire Coachbuilders, and the rest used for spares. Joyce et.al. also state that two vehicles, Nos. 38 and 39, were sold to Teesside, but they do not appear in the Teesside fleet listing, so they may also have been bought for spares.

List of vehicles
| Fleet numbers | Type | In service | Withdrawn | Chassis | Electrical equipment | Bodywork |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 21–23 | 2-axle | 1915 | 1922 | Daimler/Brush | Brush | Brush B28R |
| 24 | 2-axle | 1917 | 1922 | Daimler/Brush | Brush | Brush B28R |
| 25–26 | 2-axle | 1922 | 1929 | AEC 602 | Brush | Brush B36R |
| 31 | 2-axle | 1924 | 1929 | AEC 602 | Brush | Brush B36R |
| 34–39 | 2-axle | 1928 | 1945–50 | Garrett O | BTH | Garrett B32C |
| 40–48 | 2-axle | 1928 | 1945–50 | Garrett O | BTH | Garrett B32C |
| 49–60 | 2-axle | 1929 | 1945–50 | Garrett O | BTH | Garrett B32C |
| 61–63 | 2-axle | 1930 | 1945–50 | Garrett O | BTH | Garrett B32C |
| 64–69 | 2-axle | 1937 | 1945–50 | English Electric | English Electric | English Electric B32F |
| 70–75 | 3-axle | 1942 | 1945 | Guy BTX | Rees Stevens | Ransomes B32C |
| 1–6 | 2-axle | 1943 | 1954 | Sunbeam W | BTH | Brush B32C |
| 7–24 | 2-axle | 1947 | 1960 | Sunbeam W | BTH | Brush B32C |
| 25–36 | 2-axle | 1947–48 | 1961 | Sunbeam F4 | BTH | Brush B32C |
| 37–39 | 2-axle | 1950 | 1961 | Sunbeam F4 | BTH | Brush B32C |

Bus bodywork designations: key
| Prefixes | Numbers | Suffixes |
| --- | --- | --- |
| U Wartime utility bodywork  B Bus body single deck  C Coach body single deck  D Dual purpose single deck  H Highbridge body, central upper gangway  L Lowbridge body, offset sunken upper gangway | n Single deck or total seating  x / y Upper deck followed by lower deck seating | C Centre entrance  F Front entrance  R Rear entrance  D Dual entrance |

## Bibliography

* Official company 60th anniversary handbook, (1962).
* The Mexborough & Swinton Traction Co., by Chas C. Hall, "Buses Illustrated", (Nov.61-Jan.62).
* PSV Circle Fleet History (1984).
* Joyce, J; King, J S; Newman, A G (1986). *British Trolleybus Systems*. London: Ian Allan Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7110-1647-7.
* Lockwood, Stephen (2011). *Trackless to Trolleybus: Trolleybuses in Britain*. Adam Gordon. ISBN 978-1-874422-86-0.
* LTHL (2016). "Mexborough & Swinton Traction Co. Ltd. 1907 – 1969" (PDF) (2nd ed.). Local Transport History Library. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 May 2020.
* Lumb, Geoff (1995). *British Trolleybues, 1911–1972*. Ian Allan. ISBN 978-0-7110-2347-5.
* Rowe, Bob; Stubbs, Ian (2014). *Museum Fleet Handbook*. Venture Publications. ISBN 978-1-905304-63-9.
* Turner, Keith (1996). *The Directory of British Tramways*. Patrick Stephens. ISBN 978-1-85260-549-0.

### References

## InfoBox

| Mexborough and Swinton Trolleybuses | |
| --- | --- |
| Operation | |
| Locale | Mexborough and Swinton, West Riding of Yorkshire, England |
| Open | 3 October 1912 (1912-10-03) |
| Close | 2 October 1965 (1965-10-02) |
| Status | Closed |
| Operator(s) | Mexborough and Swinton Traction Co |
| Infrastructure | |
| Electrification | Nominal 600 V DC parallel overhead lines |
| Stock | 39 (maximum) |
| Statistics | |
| Route length | 11 mi (18 km) |


title: WXEM

abstract: WXEM is a commercial AM radio station licensed to Buford, Georgia, and serving the Atlanta metropolitan area. The station is owned by La Favorita, Inc., and airs a Regional Mexican music format. It simulcasts with two other Atlanta-area stations owned by La Favorita, AM 1600 WAOS in Austell and AM 1130 WLBA in Gainesville. WXEM is powered at 5,000 watts by day. But at night, to avoid interfering with other stations on AM 1460, WXEM dramatically drops its power to 193 watts. It uses a non-directional antenna at all times. The transmitter is on Radio Park Drive, near Interstate 985 in Buford. WXEM is considered a Class B station by the Federal Communications Commission. The station began broadcasting on December 12, 1957.

text:
# WXEM

**WXEM** (1460 kHz "La Mejor") is a commercial AM radio station licensed to Buford, Georgia, and serving the Atlanta metropolitan area. The station is owned by La Favorita, Inc., and airs a Regional Mexican music format. It simulcasts with two other Atlanta-area stations owned by La Favorita, AM 1600 WAOS in Austell and AM 1130 WLBA in Gainesville.

WXEM is powered at 5,000 watts by day. But at night, to avoid interfering with other stations on AM 1460, WXEM dramatically drops its power to 193 watts. It uses a non-directional antenna at all times. The transmitter is on Radio Park Drive, near Interstate 985 in Buford. WXEM is considered a Class B station by the Federal Communications Commission.

The station began broadcasting on December 12, 1957.

## InfoBox

WXEM
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Broadcast area | Atlanta metropolitan area |
| Frequency | 1460 kHz |
| Branding | La Mejor |
| Programming | |
| Format | Regional Mexican music |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | La Favorita, Inc. |
| Sister stations | WAOS, WLBA |
| History | |
| First air date | December 12, 1957 |
| Former call signs | WDMF (1956–1964)
WDYX (1964–1986)
WJYA (1986–1990)
WLKQ (1990–1991) |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 36158 |
| Class | B |
| Power | 5,000 watts days
193 watts nights |
| Transmitter coordinates | 34°7′15.00″N 83°58′35.00″W / 34.1208333°N 83.9763889°W / 34.1208333; -83.9763889 |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Website | La Mejor Atlanta Website |


title: 1982 Western Samoan general election

text:
# 1982 Western Samoan general election

General elections were held in Western Samoa on 27 February 1982. The Human Rights Protection Party won 22 of the 47 seats in the Legislative Assembly and was able to form a government after three independents voted for its leader, Va'ai Kolone, in the vote for prime minister.

## Electoral system

The Legislative Assembly consisted of 45 Samoan members elected from 41 one or two-member constituencies and two 'individual voters' elected from a nationwide two-member constituency. Voting in the Samoan constituencies was restricted to Matai, while only citizens of European origin could vote in the individual voters constituency. Only around 15,567 people were enfranchised from a population of around 160,000.

## Results

HRPP candidates won 22 seats, 11 of which were newcomers to the Legislative Assembly. MPs who had supported the government of Tupuola Efi won 11 seats. Several sitting MPs lost their seats, including Economic Affairs Minister Letiu Tamatoa, Speaker Tuuu Faletoese, Deputy Speaker Aeau Taulupoo and five HRPP members.

|  | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | | Votes | % | Seats | +/– |
|  | Human Rights Protection Party |  | | 22 | New |
|  | Independents |  | | 25 | –22 |
| Total | |  | | 47 | 0 |
|  | | | | | |
| Valid votes | | 11,926 | 99.38 |  | |
| Invalid/blank votes | | 75 | 0.62 |  | |
| Total ballots cast | |  |  |  | |
| Registered voters/turnout | | 15,567 |  |  | |
| Source: Pacific Islands Monthly, Nohlen *et al*. | | | | | |

## Aftermath

In the vote for prime minister on 13 April, HRPP leader Va'ai Kolone defeated Tupuola Efi by 24 votes to 23. Aiono Nonumalo Sofara of the HRPP was elected Speaker by the same margin, defeating Asi Faamatala.

In June. a court annulled the result in Vaimauga East after finding the winning candidate – Fuataga Laulu, who was subsequently appointed Minister of Education – guilty of treating voters. Later in the year the result in Kolone's seat was also annulled after a court decided his campaign had been illegal. Tupuola Efi subsequently became prime minister in his place. Efi offered cabinet portfolios to new HRPP leader Tofilau Eti Alesana and Le Mamea Ropati, but they refused to attend the swearing-in ceremony in protest at Kolone's removal from office. However, Efi resigned in December after the government budget was rejected and was replaced as prime minister by Eti Alesana. Kolone returned to parliament in January after winning the by-election for his former seat.

## InfoBox

1982 Western Samoan general election
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| ---  All 47 in the Legislative Assembly
24 seats needed for a majority | |
| First party   Leader Vaʻai Kolone   Party HRPP   Last election    Seats won 22   Seat change *New* | |
| ---  **Prime Minister before election**
Tupuola Efi
Independent **Subsequent Prime Minister**
Vaʻai Kolone
HRPP | |


title: Protovis

abstract: Protovis himalayensis is a prehistoric species of sheep found in latest Miocene to Late Pliocene-aged strata of Himalayan Tibet in 2016. Protovis was found only by some fragments such as its horns. Its discovery showed that modern mountain sheep first evolved from the genus Protovis.

text:
# Protovis

***Protovis himalayensis*** is a prehistoric species of sheep found in latest Miocene to Late Pliocene-aged strata of Himalayan Tibet in 2016.

*Protovis* was found only by some fragments such as its horns. Its discovery showed that modern mountain sheep first evolved from the genus *Protovis*.

## InfoBox

| *Protovis*
Temporal range: Late Miocene-Late Pliocene | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Artiodactyla |
| Family: | Bovidae |
| Subfamily: | Caprinae |
| Genus: | *Protovis* |
| Species: | ***P. himalayensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Protovis himalayensis***
Wang, Li & Takeuchi, 2016 | |
|


abstract: The Eparchy of Saints Peter and Paul of Melbourne is a Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church ecclesiastical territory or eparchy of the Catholic Church in Australia. Headquartered in Melbourne, it is a suffragan in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archbishop of Melbourne, a Latin Church territory. The Cathedral of Saints Peter and Paul, in North Melbourne, Victoria, is the episcopal church of the eparch, currently Mykola Bychok CSSR.

text:
# Ukrainian Catholic Eparchy of Saints Peter and Paul of Melbourne

The **Eparchy of Saints Peter and Paul of Melbourne** is a Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church ecclesiastical territory or eparchy of the Catholic Church in Australia. Headquartered in Melbourne, it is a suffragan in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archbishop of Melbourne, a Latin Church territory.

The Cathedral of Saints Peter and Paul, in North Melbourne, Victoria, is the episcopal church of the eparch, currently Mykola Bychok CSSR.

## Status and jurisdiction

Like all Catholic dioceses in Australia, the eparchy is a member of the Australian Catholic Bishops' Conference. The Catholic Church is made up of the Latin Church and 23 Eastern Catholic particular churches *sui iuris*, one of which is the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church.

The eparchy is non-geographic, but demographic in that it has jurisdiction wherever Ukrainian Greeks are found in Australia, New Zealand and throughout Oceania. It has 21 churches and more schools, nursing homes and other institutions in Australia and New Zealand.

## History

The eparchy began on 10 May 1958 as the apostolic exarchate for Ukrainians of the Byzantine Rite in Australia, New Zealand and Oceania. (Apostolic exarchs, like apostolic visitors, are "exempt", that is, they are responsible to the Holy See. They are usually in missionary areas where the ordinary infrastructure of eparchies or dioceses is scanty.)

The exarchate was superseded on 24 June 1982 by its becoming the eparchy (that is, diocese) of Melbourne. Since there was already an Archbishopric of Melbourne, and it is not customary to have two bishops with identically named sees, the exarchate is described as "the Eparchy of Saints Peter & Paul of Melbourne" and is notionally a suffragan see of the (Latin) Archdiocese of Melbourne.

On 22 March 2023, the Eparchy of Saints Peter and Paul of Melbourne, according to the decree of Bishop Mykola Bychok, decided that from 1 September 2023, the UGCC in Australia and Oceania will completely switch to the Gregorian calendar, including Easter, unlike the UGCC in Eurasia.

On 24 March 2023, Bishop Mykola stated that the main intention of the calendar reform of the UGCC in Australia and Oceania is to be in unity with the Catholic Church in general, and with the UGCC in particular. Bishop Mykola emphasized that only the dates will change, but the traditions of celebrating Ukrainians in Australia will remain unchanged:

> This step is difficult, perhaps painful for some parishioners. But we, as a diocese that is part of the UGCC, were also obliged to take this step in order to live in unity. I sincerely admit that for me this decision \[about calendar reform in Ukraine\] was a shock. As a bishop, I did not expect it to be accepted so quickly. Very often, people put a political rather than a spiritual meaning in it to a certain extent. Because for many, the question now is to detach as much as possible from Russia, from Moscovia. And they consider this the main direction in church life as well, so as not to have a common Christmas with Russia. On the one hand, this is good. On the other hand, the change of the calendar has much deeper spiritual roots. It's not just Christmas and Easter, but bigger changes.

## Parishes

### Australia

### New Zealand

Church services are held in

## Eparchial bishops

The following individuals have been appointed apostolic exarch and/or elected as Ukrainian Eparch of Saints Peter and Paul of Melbourne:

| Order | Name | Title | Date enthroned | Reign ended | Term of office | Reason for term end |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Ivan Prasko | Apostolic Exarch of Australia (Ukrainian) | 10 May 1958 | 24 June 1982 | 24 years, 45 days | Elevated as Bishop of Ss Peter & Paul of Melbourne |
| | | Eparch (Bishop) of Ss Peter & Paul of Melbourne (Ukrainian), titular bishop of Zygris | 24 June 1982 | 16 December 1992 | 10 years, 175 days | Retired |
| 2 | Peter Stasiuk C.Ss.R. | Eparch of Ss Peter & Paul of Melbourne | 16 December 1992 | 15 January 2020 | 27 years, 30 days | Retired |
| 3 | Mykola Bychok C.Ss.R. | Eparch of Ss Peter & Paul of Melbourne | 15 January 2020 | Present | 4 years, 268 days |  |

## InfoBox

| Eparchy of Saints Peter and Paul of Melbourne (Ukrainian)
**Eparchia Sanctorum Petri et Pauli Melburnensis Ucrainorum**
Мельбурнська єпархія святих апостолів Петра й Павла | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | Australia |
| Territory | Australia, New Zealand and Oceania |
| Ecclesiastical province | Melbourne (Latin) |
| Headquarters | Melbourne |
| Coordinates | 37°47′47″S 144°56′39″E / 37.79639°S 144.94417°E / -37.79639; 144.94417 |
| Statistics | |
| Population
- Catholics | (as of 2009)
32,500 |
| Parishes | 10 |
| Information | |
| Denomination | Catholic Church |
| *Sui iuris* church | Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church |
| Rite | Byzantine Rite |
| Established | 10 May 1958 as
Apostolic Exarchate of Australia;
24 June 1982 as
Ukrainian Catholic Eparchy of Saints Peter and Paul |
| Cathedral | Cathedral of St. Peter & St. Paul |
| Patron saint | St. Peter and St. Paul |
| Current leadership | |
| Pope | Francis |
| Patriarch | Sviatoslav Shevchuk |
| Eparch | Mykola Bychok C.Ss.R. |
| Bishops emeritus | Peter Stasiuk C.Ss.R. |
| Website | |
| catholicukes.org.au | |


title: Pat Crowley (rugby union)

abstract: Patrick Joseph Bourke Crowley was a New Zealand rugby union player. A flanker, Crowley represented Auckland at a provincial level, and was a member of the New Zealand national rugby union team, from 1949 to 1950.

text:
# Pat Crowley (rugby union)

**Patrick Joseph Bourke Crowley** (20 October 1923 – 9 June 1981) was a New Zealand rugby union player. A flanker, Crowley represented Auckland at a provincial level, and was a member of the New Zealand national rugby union team, from 1949 to 1950.

## Career

At the age of 19, Crowley made his first class debut for an army division team in 1943. He then went on to represent Auckland from 1946 to 1950, making thirty-four appearances for the provincial side. In his first season with Auckland, he would also play for the North Island team in the annual North vs South rugby union match. Crowley played for the North Island every year afterward, apart from 1949.

His performances saw him being called up for the national side, making his debut for the All Blacks during their tour of South Africa in 1949. The following year, he was part of the squad to face the British Lions in their tour of New Zealand and Australia. In an interview with *The Scotsman*, Angus Black was complimentary of the flanker, recalling: "Crowley was very good. I spent most of my day getting tackled hard. I was up in the air more often than I was on the ground. Crowley sorted us all out." The third test was to be Crowley's career defining performance as an All Black. Due to injuries, New Zealand had to play much of the match with six forwards, and Crowley ended having to do the work of two men instead of one. Crowley scored two tries against the Lions, the first was in the second test, and the second was when he was playing for Auckland.

Crowley retired from rugby union later that year at the age of 26, having played sixty-four first class matches.

## Personal life

Crowley was the grandfather of professional wrestler Cheree Crowley, better known by the ring names Evie and Dakota Kai.

## InfoBox

Pat Crowley
| Birth name | Patrick Joseph Bourke Crowley |
| --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1923-10-20)20 October 1923 |
| Place of birth | Whanganui, New Zealand |
| Date of death | 9 June 1981(1981-06-09) (aged 57) |
| Place of death | Auckland, New Zealand |
| Height | 188 cm (6 ft 2 in) |
| Weight | 90 kg (200 lb) |
| School | St. Pat's (Silverstream) |
| Notable relative(s) | Cheree Crowley (grand-daughter) |
| Rugby union career | |
| **Position(s)** Flanker  Provincial / State sides  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  1946–1950 Auckland  34  ()  International career  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  1949–1950 New Zealand  21  (12) | |


title: Preto (footballer, born 1978)

abstract: Marcos Antônio Costa, simply known as Preto, is a retired Brazilian footballer who played as a defender.

text:
# Preto (footballer, born 1978)

**Marcos Antônio Costa** (born 18 December 1978), simply known as **Preto**, is a retired Brazilian footballer who played as a defender.

## Honours

**Santos**

* Preto at playmakerstats.com (English version of ogol.com.br)

## InfoBox

Preto
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Marcos Antônio Costa | | |
| Date of birth | (1978-12-18) 18 December 1978 | | |
| Place of birth | São Luís, Brazil | | |
| Height | 1.79 m (5 ft 10 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Defender | | |
| Youth career | | | |
|  | Santos | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1999–2000 | Juventus |  |  |
| 2000–2004 | Santos |  |  |
| 2005 | Guarani |  |  |
| 2005–2006 | Ponte Preta |  |  |
| 2007 | Ituano |  |  |
| 2008–2011 | América Mineiro |  |  |
| 2012 | Itumbiara |  |  |
| 2012 | Sampaio Corrêa |  |  |
| 2013 | Portuguesa Santista |  |  |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Tropidion personatum

abstract: Tropidion personatum is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Gounelle in 1909.

text:
# Tropidion personatum

***Tropidion personatum*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Gounelle in 1909.

## InfoBox

| *Tropidion personatum* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | *Tropidion* |
| Species: | ***T. personatum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Tropidion personatum***<br>(Gounelle, 1909) | |
|


title: Louis von Doussa

abstract: Charles Louis von Doussa was an Australian lawyer and politician. He was a member of the South Australian House of Assembly for Mount Barker from 1889 to 1902 and a member of the South Australian Legislative Council for the Southern District from 1903 to 1905. He was Attorney-General of South Australia and Minister for Education in the Jenkins government from 1903 to 1904.

text:
# Louis von Doussa

**Charles Louis von Doussa** (better known as **Louis von Doussa**; 17 May 1850 – 27 May 1932) was an Australian lawyer and politician. He was a member of the South Australian House of Assembly for Mount Barker from 1889 to 1902 and a member of the South Australian Legislative Council for the Southern District from 1903 to 1905. He was Attorney-General of South Australia and Minister for Education in the Jenkins government from 1903 to 1904.

## History

Von Doussa was born in Hahndorf the second son of Emil Louis Alfred von Doussa (ca.1809 – 17 December 1882), an officer of the Prussian army, who emigrated to South Australia in 1846 with his wife Anna Dorothea von Doussa, née Schach. (ca.1811 – 17 March 1881) He was educated at Hahndorf College and afterwards tutored privately by George R. Irvine, formerly a master at St. Peter's College. On 11 June 1866 he was articled to J. J. Bonnar of Strathalbyn, and admitted to the bar in 1871. He began practice at Mount Barker in 1872.

## Politics

Von Doussa represented the House of Assembly electoral district of Mount Barker from 1899 to 1902, then was defeated by a narrow majority when the Mount Barker, Noarlunga and Encounter Bay districts were merged into the electoral district of Alexandra. In December 1903 he was elected unopposed to the seat in the Legislative Council vacated when John Hannah Gordon was elevated to the bench of the Supreme Court of South Australia. He was appointed Attorney-General of South Australia and Minister of Education in the Jenkins Ministry, but relinquished both in 1904 when his health suffered. He retired from politics in 1905.

## Law

In his 60 years as a lawyer, Von Doussa practised in the High Court, and in every jurisdiction of the Supreme and lower courts of the State. T. S. O'Halloran KC., William Edward Pyne, and S. B. von Doussa served their articles with him. He was appointed a Special Magistrate in 1927.

## Other interests

He followed cricket avidly, and watched every Test Match played in Adelaide. In his older years, Lawn Bowls was his chief sporting activity. He was president, then Patron, of the Mount Barker Bowling Club, and represented South Australia in Interstate matches. He was Patron of the Mount Barker Agricultural Society and Cricket Club. He was lay reader and churchwarden at the (Anglican) Christ Church, Mount Barker, and Church advocate in the Diocese of Adelaide from 1895 to 1916. He was a foundation member of the Mount Barker Institute. He was a close friend of Sir Lancelot Stirling.

## Family

Alfred von Doussa (ca.1848 – 1 August 1926), businessman and politician, was a brother.

Louis von Doussa married Agnes Bowman (ca.1852 – 26 November 1886), daughter of William Bowman, on 16 April 1874; they had seven children, of which only four survived childhood. Agnes did not survive the eighth delivery. He married again on 17 March 1905, to Ruby Louisa Farrar, née Smythe (died 24 January 1920).

* Francis Alfred "Frank" von Doussa (5 February 1875 – 31 October 1928) was manager of the Strathalbyn branch of Elder, Smith & Co
* Stanley Bowman von Doussa (12 September 1877 – 13 November 1952) was a solicitor in Mannum for many years.
* Ethel May von Doussa (10 January 1879 – ?)
* Olive von Doussa (31 October 1882 – ?)

His grandson William Louis von Doussa also qualified as a lawyer.

## InfoBox

| Louis von Doussa | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of South Australian House of Assembly for Mount Barker | |
| **In office**
1889 (1889)–1902 (1902)Serving with Charles Dumas | |
| Preceded by | Albert Henry Landseer |
| Succeeded by | *Seat abolished* |
| Member of South Australian Legislative Council for the Southern District | |
| **In office**
1903 (1903)–1905 (1905)Serving with | |
| Preceded by | John Hannah Gordon |
| Succeeded by | John Downer |
| Attorney-General of South Australia | |
| **In office**
2 December 1903 (1903-12-02)  4 July 1904 (1904-07-04) | |
| Premier | John Jenkins |
| Preceded by | John Hannah Gordon |
| Succeeded by | Robert Homburg |
| Minister for Education | |
| **In office**
2 December 1903 (1903-12-02)  4 July 1904 (1904-07-04) | |
| Premier | John Jenkins |
| Preceded by | John Hannah Gordon |
| Succeeded by | Robert Homburg |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Charles Louis von Doussa
(1850-05-17)17 May 1850
Hahndorf |
| Died | 27 May 1932(1932-05-27) (aged 82) |
| Resting place | Mount Barker |
| Spouses | *   Agnes Bowman  (m. 1874; died 1886) *   Ruby Louisa Farrar, née Smythe   (m. 1905; died 1920) |
| Relations |  |
| Parents | * Alfred von Doussa (father) * Anna Dorothea von Doussa, née Schach (mother) |
| Occupation | lawyer |
|  | |


title: Mexcala

abstract: Mexcala is a genus of jumping spiders that was first described by George and Elizabeth Peckham in 1902. The name is probably derived from the Nahuatl mezcal.

text:
# Mexcala

***Mexcala*** is a genus of jumping spiders that was first described by George and Elizabeth Peckham in 1902. The name is probably derived from the Nahuatl *mezcal*.

## Species

As of June 2019 it contains twenty-one species, found only in Africa, Yemen, and Iran:

## InfoBox

| *Mexcala* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Female *Mexcala elegans* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Salticidae |
| Subfamily: | Salticinae |
| Genus: | *Mexcala*
Peckham & Peckham, 1902 |
|
| Type species | |
| *M. rufa*
Peckham & Peckham, 1902 | |
| Species | |
| 21, see text | |


title: WWE Hall of Fame (2015)

abstract: WWE Hall of Fame (2015) was the event which featured the introduction of the 16th class to the WWE Hall of Fame. The event was produced by WWE on March 28, 2015, from the SAP Center in San Jose, California. The event took place the same weekend as WrestleMania 31. The event aired live on the WWE Network, and was hosted by Jerry Lawler. A condensed one-hour version of the ceremony aired the following Monday after Raw, on the USA Network.

text:
# WWE Hall of Fame (2015)

**WWE Hall of Fame (2015)** was the event which featured the introduction of the 16th class to the WWE Hall of Fame. The event was produced by WWE on March 28, 2015, from the SAP Center in San Jose, California. The event took place the same weekend as WrestleMania 31. The event aired live on the WWE Network, and was hosted by Jerry Lawler. A condensed one-hour version of the ceremony aired the following Monday after *Raw*, on the USA Network.

## Event

Due to the launch of the WWE Network shortly before WrestleMania XXX, this event featured the second ever "Red Carpet" event as a one-hour pre-show prior to the start of the event. The pre-show was hosted by Michael Cole, Maria Menounos, Byron Saxton and Renee Young.

Rikishi was inducted by his sons The Usos (Jimmy and Jey Uso). The Usos spoke about what it was like growing up with their father's rear end being the focus on TV. Following induction, the three recreated the Too Cool dance, including Jimmy doing The Worm on stage.

Larry Zbyszko was inducted by Bruno Sammartino.

Alundra Blayze was inducted by Natalya. Blayze's husband was in attendance, the first time she saw him in nearly a year due to his active role in the military. During Blayze's speech she asked Natalya to come back out so she could make an old wrong right. Natalya brought with her a metal trashcan which she places beside Blayze. Blayze then pulled several gags out before pulling the WWF Women's Championship belt out of the garbage, which she had throw in the garbage twenty years earlier on *Monday Nitro*.

Following The Ultimate Warrior's death in April 2014, WWE introduced the Warrior Award, in 2015, for those who have "exhibited unwavering strength and perseverance, and who lives life with the courage and compassion that embodies the indomitable spirit of the Ultimate Warrior." The first Warrior Award was given to Connor Michalek and presented by Warrior's wife Dana, as well as Daniel Bryan. The award was accepted by Connor's father Steve.

The Bushwhackers were inducted by John Laurinaitis.

Tatsumi Fujinami was inducted by Ric Flair, during the induction speech Flair spoke about the matches the two had over the years in Japan.

Randy Savage was inducted by long time friend/foe from both WWE and WCW, Hulk Hogan. Due to Savage's death in 2011 he was inducted posthumously, and his award was accepted on his behalf by his brother Lanny Poffo.

Arnold Schwarzenegger was inducted by Triple H.

Kevin Nash was the final inductee, inducted by longtime friend Shawn Michaels. Following the induction they were joined on stage by fellow members of The Kliq, Scott Hall, Sean Waltman and Triple H.

## Inductees

### Individual

* *Class headliners appear in **boldface***

| Image | Ring name
(Birth Name) | Inducted by | WWE recognized accolades |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **"Macho Man" Randy Savage**
(Randall Poffo) | Hulk Hogan | Posthumous inductee: Represented by his brother Lanny
Two-time WWF World Heavyweight Champion
Four-time WCW World Heavyweight Champion
One-time WWF Intercontinental Heavyweight Champion
1987 King of the Ring
1995 World War 3 winner |
|  | Rikishi
(Solofa Fatu Jr.) | Jimmy Uso and Jey Uso | One-time WWF Intercontinental Champion
Two-time WWF/World Tag Team Champion
One-time WWE Tag Team Champion |
|  | Alundra Blayze
(Debrah Miceli) | Natalya | Three-time WWF Women's Champion
Known in other companies as Madusa, she became the first woman to win the WCW Cruiserweight Championship
One-time AWA World Women's Champion
In 2019, Blayze won the WWE 24/7 Championship once. |
|  | Larry Zbyszko
(Lawrence Whistler) | Bruno Sammartino | Two-time AWA World Heavyweight Champion
One-time WCW World Television Champion
One-time WCW World Tag Team Champion
One-time WWWF Tag Team Champion |
|  | Tatsumi Fujinami | Ric Flair | Six-time IWGP Heavyweight Champion
One-time NWA World Heavyweight Champion
One-time WWF International Tag Team Champion
Two-time WWWF/WWF International Heavyweight Champion
Two-time WWF Junior Heavyweight Champion |
|
|  | Kevin Nash
(Diesel) | Shawn Michaels | One-time WWF World Heavyweight Champion
Five-time WCW World Heavyweight Champion
One-time WWF Intercontinental Champion
Nine-time WCW World Tag Team Champion
Two-time WWF Tag Team Champion
1998 World War 3 winner |
|

### Tag team

| Image | Group | Inducted by | WWE recognized accolades |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | The Bushwhackers | John Laurinaitis | Known as the Sheepherders prior to joining WWE, they won over 20 regional tag team championships in the AWA, NWA, UWF, and Stampede Wrestling during their 40 year career |
|

### Celebrity

| Image | Recipient
(Birth name) | Occupation | Inducted by | Appearances |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Arnold Schwarzenegger | Actor,
38th Governor of California | Triple H | Has made numerous appearances on WWE programming |
|

### Warrior Award

| Recipient
(Birth name) | Presented By | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Connor "The Crusher" Michalek | Dana Warrior
Daniel Bryan | Posthumous recipient/inductee: Represented by his father Steve and brother Jackson.
Eight-year-old WWE fan who died of cancer. "Connor's Cure" cancer charity fund established in his honor by Triple H and Stephanie McMahon, run by Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh Foundation |
|

## InfoBox

| WWE Hall of Fame (2015) | |
| --- | --- |
| The 2015 WWE Hall of Fame set | |
| Promotion | WWE |
| Date | March 28, 2015 |
| City | San Jose, California |
| Venue | SAP Center |
| WWE Hall of Fame chronology | |
| **Previous**
2014 **Next**
2016 | |


title: Protousnea

abstract: Protousnea is a genus of lichenised ascomycetes in the large family Parmeliaceae. It contains two accepted species. Protousnea species have a fruticose growth form, similar to beard lichens. The genus is endemic to southern South America. The genus was circumscribed in 1976 by Hildur Krog as a segregate genus from Usnea.

text:
# Protousnea

***Protousnea*** is a genus of lichenised ascomycetes in the large family Parmeliaceae. It contains two accepted species. *Protousnea* species have a fruticose growth form, similar to beard lichens (genus *Usnea*). The genus is endemic to southern South America. The genus was circumscribed in 1976 by Hildur Krog as a segregate genus from *Usnea*.

## Species

## InfoBox

| *Protousnea* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Lecanoromycetes |
| Order: | Lecanorales |
| Family: | Parmeliaceae |
| Genus: | *Protousnea*
(Motyka) Krog (1976) |
|
| Species | |
| *P. fibrillatae*
*P. magellanica* | |
| Synonyms | |
| * *Usnea* subgen. *Protousnea* Motyka (1936) | |


title: Thomas Winkelmann

abstract: Thomas Winkelmann is a German businessman and was the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of the former German airline Air Berlin until it ceased operations in October 2017.

text:
# Thomas Winkelmann

**Thomas Winkelmann** (born 20 December 1959) is a German businessman and was the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of the former German airline Air Berlin until it ceased operations in October 2017.

## Early life

He was born in Hagen in North Rhine-Westphalia (*Nordrhein-Westfalen*). He studied Linguistics and Classics at the Free University of Berlin (*Freie Universität Berlin*) and the University of Münster (*Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität*). In 2004 he completed the AMP at Harvard Business School.

## Career

He joined Lufthansa in 1998. He was the head of the company for Latin America and the Caribbean, based in Miami. He became Vice-President of Lufthansa for North and South America, based in New York in September 2000.

### Germanwings

He became Chief Executive (*Geschäftsführer*) of Germanwings in September 2006, when it was owned by Eurowings, which was then headquartered in Dortmund. Germanwings was effectively bought by Lufthansa at the end of 2009.

He is also on the Board of Directors of JetBlue, an American low-cost airline.

### Air Berlin

On 18 December 2016, it was announced that Winkelmann succeeded Stefan Pichler as CEO of Air Berlin in February 2017.

In October 2017, Air Berlin confirms that it will cease all of its own operations by 27 October 2017. The last flight of Air Berlin was operated by Airbus A320 D-ABNW in the same day. It departed from Munich at 21:36 and landed at Berlin Tegel at 22:45 at night.

## Personal life

He lives in Berlin, with his wife and children. He watches Borussia Dortmund.


title: Love Will Have Its Day

abstract: Love Will Have Its Day is the second album from Laura Hackett Park. Forerunner Music released the project on October 21, 2014. Hackett Park worked with Brown Bannister and Ben Shive in the production of this album.

text:
# Love Will Have Its Day

***Love Will Have Its Day*** is the second album from Laura Hackett Park. Forerunner Music released the project on October 21, 2014. Hackett Park worked with Brown Bannister and Ben Shive in the production of this album.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| 365 Days of Inspiring Media |  |
| *CCM Magazine* |  |
| Christian Review Magazine |  |
| Cross Rhythms |  |
| Louder Than the Music |  |
| New Release Tuesday |  |
| *Worship Leader* |  |

Specifying in a four star review by *CCM Magazine*, Andrew Greer recognizes, "A wellkept secret should be well-kept no longer." Kristen Gilles, indicating for *Worship Leader* in a four star review, realizes, the album "explores a broad range of music for personal reflection and worship." Signaling in a four and a half star review from New Release Tuesday, Kevin Davis responds, "This album soothes, moves and challenges listeners. *Love Will Have its Day* is a profound listening experience." Tony Cummings, designating the album a nine out of ten, grasps, "So throughout Laura's crystal clear voice and songs which exude personal experience as well as intense devotion to the living God make for a hugely memorable album." Awarding the album four stars at 365 Days of Inspiring Media, Joshua Andre writes, "Laura’s album is so rich lyrically, and deserves a thorough listen." Rating the album five stars by Louder Than the Music, Jono Davies says, "This is a top top album from a top top artist." Christian St. John, awarding the album four stars at Christian Review Magazine, writes, "Laura has a beautiful voice and it shines" on this "excellent release".

## Accolades

This album was no. 13 on the *Worship Leader'*s Top 20 Albums of 2014 list.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Changes Everything" | Jonathan Engle, Laura Hackett Park | 1:54 |
| 2. | "The Love Inside" | Hackett Park | 5:57 |
| 3. | "Lift up Your Head" | Hackett Park, Ben Shive | 4:20 |
| 4. | "Beautiful Heart" | Cassie Campbell, Hackett Park, Adam Sniegowski | 3:05 |
| 5. | "Song of Destiny" | Hackett Park, Shive | 4:45 |
| 6. | "He Shall Reign" | Hackett Park, Shive | 6:01 |
| 7. | "King Jesus" | Campbell, Engle, Hackett Park | 3:49 |
| 8. | "Anger" | Hackett Park | 3:52 |
| 9. | "I Feel His Love" | Hackett Park | 5:17 |
| 10. | "Got Something Going On" | Hackett Park | 3:10 |
| 11. | "Brilliant Light" | Hackett Park | 6:19 |
| 12. | "Cover Me" | Hackett Park | 3:37 |
| Total length: | | | 52:06 |

## Charts

| Chart (2014) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| US Christian Albums (*Billboard*) | 13 |
| US Heatseekers Albums (*Billboard*) | 11 |

## InfoBox

| Love Will Have Its Day | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Laura Hackett Park | |
| Released | October 21, 2014 (2014-10-21) |
| Genre | CCM, worship |
| Length | 52:06 |
| Label | Forerunner |
| Producer | Brown Bannister, Ben Shive |
| Laura Hackett Park chronology | |
| *Laura Hackett*
(2009) ***Love Will Have Its Day***
(2014) | |


abstract: The Finnish National Time Trial Championships have been held since 1999.

text:
# Finnish National Time Trial Championships

The **Finnish National Time Trial Championships** have been held since 1999.

## Men

| Year | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1999 | Mika Hietanen | Joona Laukka | Jukka Heinikainen |
| 2000 | Christian Selin | Jukka Heinikainen | Joona Laukka |
| 2001 | Jukka Heinikainen | Joona Laukka | Matti Helminen |
| 2002 | Jukka Heinikainen | Jussi Veikkanen | Matti Helminen |
| 2003 | Matti Helminen | Jukka Heinikainen | Kjell Carlström |
| 2004 | Jukka Vastaranta | Kimmo Kananen | Jussi Veikkanen |
| 2005 | Tommi Martikainen | Jarmo Rissanen | Matti Helminen |
| 2006 | Matti Helminen | Jarmo Rissanen | Jussi Veikkanen |
| 2007 | Matti Helminen | Jarmo Rissanen | Pasi Ahlroos |
| 2008 | Matti Helminen | Jussi Veikkanen | Jarmo Rissanen |
| 2009 | Jarmo Rissanen | Matti Helminen | Marko Leppämäki |
| 2010 | Matti Helminen | Jarmo Rissanen | Rainer Aaltonen |
| 2011 | Aki Turunen | Matti Helminen | Tommi Martikainen |
| 2012 | Matti Helminen | Jarmo Rissanen | Tommi Martikainen |
| 2013 | Samuel Pökälä | Aki Turunen | Jarmo Rissanen |
| 2014 | Samuel Pökälä | Juho Saarinen | Samuel Halme |
| 2015 | Samuel Pökälä | Matti Helminen | Jussi Veikkanen |
| 2016 | Samuel Pökälä | Tommi Martikainen | Sasu Halme |
| 2017 | Sasu Halme | Matti Manninen | Samuel Pökälä |
| 2018 | Johan Nordlund | Tommi Martikainen | Trond Larsen |
| 2019 | Ukko Iisakki Peltonen | Matti Helminen | Oskari Vainionpää |
| 2020 | Ukko Iisakki Peltonen | Matti Hietajärvi | Antti-Jussi Juntunen |
| 2021 | Matti Hietajärvi | Ukko Iisakki Peltonen | Markus Auvinen |
| 2022 | Riku Övermark | Markus Auvinen | Vladyslav Makogon |
| 2023 | Vladyslav Makogon | Riku Övermark | Trond Larsen |

## Women

| Year | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1999 | Sanna Lehtimäki | Tarja-Leena Lehtimäki | Sirpa Ahlroos-Kouko |
| 2000 | Kristina Iisakkila |  |  |
| 2001 | Sari Saarelainen | Kristina Iisakkila | Teija Alaviiri |
| 2002 | Kristina Iisakkila | Sari Saarelainen | Tarja-Leena Lehtimäki |
| 2003 | Tiina Nieminen |  |  |
| 2004 | Tiina Nieminen |  |  |
| 2005 | Tiina Nieminen | Paula Suominen |  |
| 2006 | Paula Suominen | Leena Haavisto |  |
| 2007 | Tiina Nieminen | Paula Suominen | Leena Haavisto |
| 2008 | Anne Rautio | Lotta Lepistö | Heljä Korhonen |
| 2009 | Heljä Korhonen | Lotta Lepistö | Merje Kiviranta |
| 2010 | Anna Lindström | Heljä Korhonen | Merje Kiviranta |
| 2011 | Pia Sundstedt | Heljä Korhonen | Merje Kiviranta |
| 2012 | Anne Palm | Venla Koivula | Merje Kiviranta |
| 2013 | Sari Saarelainen | Lotta Lepistö | Emma Sten |
| 2014 | Lotta Lepistö | Merja Särkioja | Laura Vainionpää |
| 2015 | Lotta Lepistö | Merja Särkioja | Sari Saarelainen |
| 2016 | Lotta Lepistö | Sari Saarelainen | Antonia Gröndahl |
| 2017 | Lotta Lepistö | Sari Saarelainen | Laura Vainionpää |
| 2018 | Lotta Lepistö | Antonia Gröndahl | Sari Saarelainen |
| 2019 | Minna-Maria Kangas | Sari Saarelainen | Tiina Pohjalainen |
| 2020 | Minna-Maria Kangas | Minna Koistinen | Ano Luoma |
| 2021 | Tiina Pohjalainen | Minna-Maria Kangas | Maisa Tuliniemi |
| 2022 | Anniina Ahtosalo | Tiina Pohjalainen | Minna Koistinen |
| 2023 | Anniina Ahtosalo | Lotta Henttala | Minna Koistinen |


title: Tripleurospermum tenuifolium

abstract: Tripleurospermum tenuifolium is a species of daisy in the family Asteraceae and is in the tribe Anthemideae. It ranges from Austria, Hungary, through southeastern Europe to Turkey, and the Caucasus. Its chromosome count is 2n=28.

text:
# Tripleurospermum tenuifolium

***Tripleurospermum tenuifolium*** is a species of daisy in the family Asteraceae and is in the tribe Anthemideae. It ranges from Austria, Hungary, through southeastern Europe to Turkey, and the Caucasus. Its chromosome count is *2n*=28.

## InfoBox

| *Tripleurospermum tenuifolium* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Botanical illustration | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae |
| Genus: | *Tripleurospermum* |
| Species: | ***T. tenuifolium*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Tripleurospermum tenuifolium***<br>(Kit.) Freyn | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| List * + *Chamaemelum trichophyllum* Boiss.     + *Chamaemelum uniglandulosum* Vis.     + *Chrysanthemum tenuifolium* Kit.     + *Chrysanthemum trichophyllum* Boiss.     + *Chrysanthemum trichotomum* Walp.     + *Matricaria aserbaidshanica* Rauschert     + *Matricaria trichophylla* Boiss.     + *Matricaria uniglandulosa* K.Koch     + *Pyrethrum exaltatum* Griseb.     + *Pyrethrum trichophyllum* Griseb.     + *Tripleurospermum trichophyllum* (Boiss.) K.Malý     + *Tripleurospermum tzvelevii* Pobed. | |


title: Triplex (espionage)

abstract: Triplex or XXX was the code name of a British espionage operation in World War II which involved secretly copying the contents of diplomatic pouches of neutral countries. Due to travel security restrictions to and from Britain during some periods of the war, the government was able to forbid the use of the embassies' own couriers to transport pouches or was able to separate the courier from the pouch to "sensor" the passenger. This provided opportunities to access the pouch and copy the contents for later analysis. Anthony Blunt, while working for MI5, was a supervisor of the Triplex operation.

text:
# Triplex (espionage)

**Triplex** or **XXX** was the code name of a British espionage operation in World War II which involved secretly copying the contents of diplomatic pouches of neutral countries.

Due to travel security restrictions to and from Britain during some periods of the war, the government was able to forbid the use of the embassies' own couriers to transport pouches or was able to separate the courier from the pouch to "sensor" the passenger. This provided opportunities to access the pouch and copy the contents for later analysis.

Anthony Blunt, while working for MI5, was a supervisor of the Triplex operation.

1. Nigel West; Oleg Tsarev (22 September 2009). *Triplex: Secrets from the Cambridge Spies*. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-15641-6.


title: Love Life (Brenda Russell album)

abstract: Love Life is the second studio album by American singer/songwriter Brenda Russell, released in 1981 by A&M Records.

text:
# Love Life (Brenda Russell album)

***Love Life*** is the second studio album by American singer/songwriter Brenda Russell, released in 1981 by A&M Records.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |

*People* described the LP as "eight of her pleasantly upbeat songs delivered with sassy-to-soothing vocals". Phyl Garland of *Stereo Review* called the album "fresh, accessible and delightful".

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Love Life" | Brenda Russell | 3:33 |
| 2. | "Rainbow" | Brenda Russell | 4:28 |
| 3. | "Something I Like To Do" | Brenda Russell | 4:29 |
| 4. | "Lucky" | Brenda Russell | 2:50 |
| 5. | "Sensitive Man" | Brenda Russell, Neil Larsen | 3:32 |
| 6. | "Deep Dark And Mysterious" | Brenda Russell | 2:58 |
| 7. | "If You Love" | Brenda Russell | 4:36 |
| 8. | "Thank You" | Brenda Russell, Stewart Levine | 4:08 |

## Personnel

## Production

* Stewart Levine – producer
* Brenda Russell – executive producer
* Al Schmitt – engineer, mixing
* Don Henderson – assistant engineer
* Stewart Whitmore – assistant engineer
* Bernie Grundman – mastering
* Chuck Beeson – art direction
* Lynn Robb – design
* Paddy Reynolds – photography

**Studios**

* Recorded at Sound Labs (Hollywood, California).
* Synthesizers recorded at Chateau Recorders (North Hollywood, California).
* Mixed at Capitol Studios (Hollywood, California).
* Mastered at A&M Studios (Hollywood, California).

## Charts

| Year | Chart | Peak
position |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1981 | US *Billboard* Top Soul Albums | 42 |

## InfoBox

| Love Life | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Brenda Russell | |
| Released | 1981 |
| Genre |  |
| Label | A&M |
| Producer | Stewart Levine |
| Brenda Russell chronology | |
| *Brenda Russell*
(1979) ***Love Life***
(1981) *Two Eyes*
(1983) | |


title: Lt. Benjamin Locke Store

abstract: The Lt. Benjamin Locke Store is a historic building in Arlington, Massachusetts. It currently functions as a four-family private residence. The 2+1⁄2-story wood-frame structure was built in 1816 by Lieutenant Benjamin Locke, son of Revolutionary War veteran Captain Benjamin Locke. He established it as a shop to take advantage of the recently established Middlesex Turnpike, which ran past its door. It was converted into a four-family residence in 1854, a role it continues to serve. In 1912, the house was designated as a "pest house" during a smallpox outbreak, but its use was not required. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

text:
# Lt. Benjamin Locke Store

The **Lt. Benjamin Locke Store** is a historic building in Arlington, Massachusetts. It currently functions as a four-family private residence. The 2+12-story wood-frame structure was built in 1816 by Lieutenant Benjamin Locke, son of Revolutionary War veteran Captain Benjamin Locke. He established it as a shop to take advantage of the recently established Middlesex Turnpike, which ran past its door. It was converted into a four-family residence in 1854, a role it continues to serve. In 1912, the house was designated as a "pest house" during a smallpox outbreak, but its use was not required.

The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Lt. Benjamin Locke Store | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| Photo taken in 2008 | |
|  | |
| Location | 11–13 Lowell Street,<br>Arlington, Massachusetts |
| Coordinates | 42°25′26″N 71°10′40″W / 42.42389°N 71.17778°W / 42.42389; -71.17778 |
| Built | 1816 |
| Architectural style | Federal |
| MPS | Arlington MRA |
| NRHP reference No. | 85001068 |
| Added to NRHP | April 18, 1985 |


title: Precision Dynamics Corporation

abstract: Precision Dynamics Corporation (PDC) is an American international identification device manufacturer headquartered in Santa Clarita, California with offices abroad in Belgium, France, and the United Kingdom. The company makes identification devices for healthcare, jailing, and entertainment purposes, including wristband and RFID devices.

text:
# Precision Dynamics Corporation

**Precision Dynamics Corporation** (PDC) is an American international identification device manufacturer headquartered in Santa Clarita, California with offices abroad in Belgium, France, and the United Kingdom. The company makes identification devices for healthcare, jailing, and entertainment purposes, including wristband and RFID devices.

## History

**Precision Dynamics Corporation** was co-founded in 1956 by Dr. Walter W. Mosher, a student in engineering at the University of California, Los Angeles who developed the first single-piece wristband for hospitals which did not require any parts or tools.

PDC first developed into the prisoner management/law-enforcement and entertainment markets in the 1970s, with inmate ID and patron management wristbands, respectively.

In November 2008, Precision Dynamics Corporation acquired *TimeMed Labeling Systems, Inc.*, an American producer of specialty healthcare labels

PDC has maintained ISO 9001:2008 certification for many of their products as following safety and other standards for medical devices.

In June 2010, Precision Dynamics released Securline Bar Code Blood Band, an identification wristband system that automatically identifies a patient for blood transfusion, specimen collection, and tracking.

Today, PDC is one of the leading wristband manufacturers with facilities and offices in Mexico, the USA, and in the EU.

## PDC brands

*Event business*: VIP(R)Band

*Healthcare*: PDC, TimeMed

## InfoBox

PDC, A Brady Business
| Company type | Corporation |
| --- | --- |
| Industry | Healthcare Event management Law enforcement |
| Founded | 1956 |
| Headquarters | 25124 Springfield Court, Suite 200
Santa Clarita, CA 91355
United States |
| Key people | J. Michael Nauman (CEO) Robert Case (President) |
| Brands | * PDC Healthcare * IDenticard * Wristbands.com * Promovision * Brady People ID * PDC Inmate ID * PDC EMEA * PDC Healthcare EMEA |
| Services | Wristband manufacturing, Patient Safety, Crowd Control, RFID Crowd/ Entertainment Management |
| Parent | Brady Corporation |
| Website | www.pdcorp.com |