title: Zock On!

abstract: "Zock On!" is a single by Japanese hip hop group Teriyaki Boyz, released as the second single from their second studio album Serious Japanese. It was produced by The Neptunes and features Busta Rhymes and Pharrell. According to Verbal in an interview with DJ Semtex, the beat co-produced by Pharrell was initiated solely using buckets. The song reached #16 on the Japan Oricon Singles Chart for the week of March 20, 2008.

text:
# Zock On!

"**Zock On!**" is a single by Japanese hip hop group Teriyaki Boyz, released as the second single from their second studio album *Serious Japanese*. It was produced by The Neptunes and features Busta Rhymes and Pharrell. According to Verbal in an interview with DJ Semtex, the beat co-produced by Pharrell was initiated solely using buckets.

The song reached #16 on the Japan Oricon Singles Chart for the week of March 20, 2008.

## Track listing

1. "Zock On!" – 4:03
2. "I Still Love H.E.R." (Low Jack Three Remix) – 5:11
3. "Zock On!" (Instrumental) – 4:02
4. "I Still Love H.E.R." (Low Jack Three Remix) \[Instrumental\] – 5:13

## Charts

| Chart (2006) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Japanese Oricon Singles Chart | 16 |

## InfoBox

| "Zock On!" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Teriyaki Boyz featuring Busta Rhymes and Pharrell | |
| from the album  *Serious Japanese* | |
| Released | March 19, 2008 |
| Recorded | 2007 |
| Genre | J hip hop |
| Length | 4:03 |
| Label | Star Trak |
| Songwriter(s) | * Verbal * Wise * Ilmari |
| Producer(s) | The Neptunes |
| Teriyaki Boyz singles chronology | |
| "I Still Love H.E.R."
(2007) "**Zock On!**"
(2008) "Work That!"
(2009) | |
|  | |
| Pharrell singles chronology | |
| "My Drive Thru"
(2008) "**Zock On!**"
(2008) "Universal Mind Control"
(2008) | |
|  | |


title: Eugene Mall

abstract: The Eugene Mall was a car-free zone in the heart of Eugene, Oregon, United States, designed to encourage pedestrian access to shopping and entertainment areas. Dedicated on February 13, 1971, the mall opened amid three days of fanfare and dreams of a revitalized downtown. Conflict over the scope and use of the mall began immediately and continued for 30 years until the last remaining parts of the mall were opened to automobile traffic. At that time, a former Eugene mayor commented that the city's dreams for a bright future just hadn't worked. Many residents, however, shared the much-earlier view of a former downtown merchant, that Eugene had sustained more damage from the mall than it would have from a natural disaster.

text:
# Eugene Mall

The **Eugene Mall** was a car-free zone in the heart of Eugene, Oregon, United States, designed to encourage pedestrian access to shopping and entertainment areas. Dedicated on February 13, 1971, the mall opened amid three days of fanfare and dreams of a revitalized downtown. Conflict over the scope and use of the mall began immediately and continued for 30 years until the last remaining parts of the mall were opened to automobile traffic. At that time, a former Eugene mayor commented that the city's dreams for a bright future just hadn't worked. Many residents, however, shared the much-earlier view of a former downtown merchant, that Eugene had sustained more damage from the mall than it would have from a natural disaster.

## History

The Post–World War II economic expansion created a gradual exodus from city core areas in the United States, and federally funded urban renewal projects empowered communities to demolish historic downtown areas and build new, modern structures. With dramatic increases in automobile purchases accompanied by a post-WWII decline in public transportation, many communities accepted urban renewal financing to demolish buildings and install much-needed parking areas.

As climate-controlled, suburban shopping centers became common in the 1960s, communities began to explore ways of drawing retail and entertainment business back into downtown areas. An experimental method of encouraging business was a downtown mall. One researcher found that approximately 200 pedestrian malls were constructed in the United States by the close of the 20th century, although only 15 remained in 2013.

### An Early prediction of the Eugene Mall

In 1963, a Lane County planning director predicted that by 1980, residents of Eugene would live in an age of push-button automation where hands-free cars would speed them into the city core, and they could park in multi-story structures and be whisked on moving sidewalks to an extensive, plastic-covered shoppers' mall.

But the idea of the Eugene Mall had been considered by civic leaders prior to the 1960s. In 1945, for example, Fred Cuthbert proposed closing Willamette Street to cars in order to create a landscaped pedestrian oasis in the center of town, and he suggested parking along the perimeter. As part of the Eugene Centennial Celebration in 1959, a section of Broadway from Oak Street to Charnelton Street was closed to motor traffic, and pedestrians were delighted.

By 1968 the city council was discussing a federally funded urban renewal project to build the Eugene Mall.

### University of Oregon east campus

Community leaders in 1961 had responded to demands for more student housing at the University of Oregon with a project known as the East Campus Urban Renewal. The project demolished historic homes east of the university and constructed large residence complexes surrounded by a landscaped campus that opened in 1965. Some reasoned that if a mall environment could work on a college campus, it would surely work in the downtown business district.

### Valley River Center

Discussions about the need for a downtown mall intensified when Valley River Center (VRC) opened in 1969. The new shopping center was a modern, climate controlled environment with anchor stores and upscale retail and food outlets. And the VRC offered 4000 free parking spaces.

Eugene inventoried its downtown holdings and found four major department stores, 170 to 200 retail outlets, and an estimated 500 firms including banks and professional offices. Most of the 3000 public parking spaces were metered.

### Groundbreaking for the Eugene Mall

Civic leaders determined that the time for a downtown mall had arrived, and construction began May 2, 1970, almost exactly nine months after the opening of Valley River Center.

## Geography and amenities

The mall's north–south axis extended on Willamette Street from roughly Eighth Avenue to Eleventh Avenue, with automobile traffic crossing the mall at Tenth Avenue. City bus traffic parked along Tenth Avenue, creating a downtown transfer station. Broadway, a street named in lieu of Ninth Avenue, formed the mall's east–west axis from Charnelton Street to Oak Street.

The mall included five restrooms, two playground areas, and three water features. Largest of the water features was a cement fountain and water pools at the intersection of Willamette and Broadway. Seating areas were stationed at various locations on the mall.

Later, approximately three more blocks were included in the mall, expanding along Olive Street from Eighth Avenue to Tenth Avenue. Covered walkways were placed in alleys within the mall area.

## Economic and social climate

The Eugene Mall opened at a time of economic uncertainty and limited consumer confidence. Inflation briefly had risen above six percent. Wage and price controls would be in effect on August 15, 1971. But most troublesome to urban retail centers, corporate retailers were no longer investing in large, stand-alone department stores. Increasingly, corporate emphasis was on vacating downtown areas and moving to suburban shopping centers. Tax incentives allowing accelerated depreciation favored construction of enclosed, suburban malls over freestanding retail outlets.

Social activism had existed in Eugene prior to the mall's opening, and it had both a loyal following and an infrastructure. When Eugene acquired a large, landscaped, outdoor public-use venue with convenient public transportation, it seemed in fulfillment of deeply held social needs that were not dependent upon retail sales. People angry about the Vietnam War gathered on the mall. The mall was an ongoing location for counter-cultural activity. Retail customers experienced unhappiness at the widening generation gap. When Springfield Creamery owner Chuck Kesey, brother of author Ken Kesey, brought the Grateful Dead to the Oregon Renaissance Faire to play a benefit concert for the creamery in 1972, the Eugene Mall seemed like a good waiting room for the next concert. That concert did not occur until 1982.

## Immediate difficulties

At the June 16, 1971, Eugene City Council meeting, the council adopted an ordinance enforcing seven pages of rules prohibiting some behaviors at the mall. The mall had been open only four months, but in that time it had become a place for young people to "hang out." They lounged on the lawns, climbed on the main plaza fountain, and waded in fountain pools. The council tabled an ordinance requiring parental consent before purchase of toxic glue, although community leaders expressed concern about the dangers of glue sniffing. The presence of a transient, non-customer population on the mall would be a frequent challenge for merchants.

Some older merchants operating downtown were displaced by the mall. In referring to what he called "the problem of older people," the chairman of the Eugene Renewal Agency expressed sadness that the elderly would like to have "hung on" but couldn't.

Almost from the beginning, city leaders had tried to regulate public use of the mall with permits and fees required for organized activities. At times, the regulations escalated tensions between city government and citizens trying to enjoy the mall, although the city was not able to devise an effective method of resolving tensions.

The mall burdened existing city infrastructure, and in 1972 the city began a street-widening project around the mall's perimeter. The extra traffic lanes were necessary to absorb cars which had been diverted from streets within the mall area. Street lighting was inadequate, and in that year the city installed 19 bright lights 60-feet high in order to double the first-year light levels.

## Parking

Parking fees had been listed as a major deterrent to downtown shopping on the Eugene Mall. In 1973 the city created a free parking zone around the mall that included 2200 spaces with no time limits. Effects on retail sales from the free parking zone may have been marginal, and the plan further limited city revenue. Bates found that concerns over parking at pedestrian malls are much more important in the United States than in Europe.

## Shift away from retail

Economic conditions in the 1970s had not favored downtown retailers, but urban renewal efforts and tax incentives had benefited the builders of professional and government offices on streets adjacent to the mall. Oak Street, for example, had become the new Main Street. One developer envisioned Eugene as the headquarters of financial institutions, and his view of retail was, "good riddance."

## End of the Eugene Mall

In 1984, the city council voted to demolish a portion of the mall on Willamette Street from Tenth Avenue to Eleventh Avenue and return the street to automobile traffic for the first time in 15 years. Business owners celebrated and hailed a new beginning for downtown Eugene.

As early as 1983, civic leaders had discussed confining the mall to a three-block, climate controlled area, but in 1985 plans for the indoor downtown mall were rejected.

Voters reopened Olive Street to motorized traffic in 1992, and in 1995 Willamette Street was reopened.

By 2001, a three-block section of Broadway was all that remained of the Eugene Mall, and voters were asked to remove it. In a special election September 18, 2001, Eugene residents approved by 67 percent a plan to reopen the final section of the mall to motor traffic.

Since its beginning, the mall had been blamed for the flight of business from downtown. The mall had not been able to attract housing for urban professionals and had not offered a sustainable nightlife, yet it had always been home to transients and panhandlers. Community leaders could not develop the mall. Potential customers did not enjoy the mall and rarely had reason to go there. But the explanations about the failure of the Eugene Mall were not sufficient to address why some businesses and government offices could not survive downtown.

After the mall's removal, exodus from downtown continued. In 2006, the federal courthouse fled downtown and opened in a new building only blocks away. In 2012, the downtown urgent care clinic and medical office building closed and was demolished. Student housing opened on that site in 2013. Also in 2012, the Eugene Police Department moved out of downtown when City Hall was abandoned.

## InfoBox

Eugene Mall
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Eugene, Oregon, United States |
| Coordinates | 44°02′56″N 123°05′34″W / 44.048817°N 123.092753°W / 44.048817; -123.092753 |
| Opening date | February 13, 1971 |
| Closing date | September 18, 2001 |
| Management | Public space: Eugene Public Works; Eugene Downtown Association; Eugene Downtown Commission; Privately owned retail and office space |
| Owner | Public space: Eugene, Oregon |
| Architect | Mitchell, McArthur, Garner, O'Kane Associates |
| Parking | Initially metered, then 2200 free spaces |


title: Patrick Minges

abstract: Patrick Neal Minges (35), is an American author and historian specializing in the cultural interactions among Native Americans and Africans. With several books to his credit, he continues to write and teach.

text:
# Patrick Minges

**Patrick Neal Minges** (35), is an American author and historian specializing in the cultural interactions among Native Americans and Africans. With several books to his credit, he continues to write and teach.

## Education

Minges graduated from East Carolina University with a master's in Counseling. He then earned a M.Div and Ph.D. at the Union Theological Seminary.

## Writing career

Minges is the author of several books, most of which deal with the various Native American tribes of North America, their long histories and their rich cultures.

## Books

* *Slavery in the Cherokee Nation: The Keetoowah Society and the Defining of a People 1855-1867* (2003)
* *Black Indian Slave Narratives* (2004)
* *Far More Terrible for Women: Personal Accounts of Women in Slavery* (2006)


title: Penneshaw, South Australia

abstract: Penneshaw is a township in the Australian state of South Australia located on the northeast coast of the Dudley Peninsula on Kangaroo Island about 107 kilometres (66 mi) south of the state capital of Adelaide. It is the island's main ferry port with regular services from Cape Jervis. Penneshaw features a Maritime and Folk Museum, and evening tours to a colony of little penguin, the only species of penguin to breed in Australian waters. At the 2011 census, Penneshaw had a population of 276. Originally known as Hog Bay due to the pigs released by French Commander Nicholas Baudin, Penneshaw was named after a combination of the names of Dr. F.W.Pennefather, private secretary to Governor Jervois, and Flora Louisa Shaw, The Times colonial editor, a visitor to Government House. South Australia's first modern seawater desalination plant was established at Penneshaw in the 1990s, to supplement the town's limited dam water supply.

text:
# Penneshaw, South Australia

**Penneshaw** is a township in the Australian state of South Australia located on the northeast coast of the Dudley Peninsula on Kangaroo Island about 107 kilometres (66 mi) south of the state capital of Adelaide. It is the island's main ferry port with regular services from Cape Jervis. Penneshaw features a Maritime and Folk Museum, and evening tours to a colony of little penguin, the only species of penguin to breed in Australian waters. At the 2011 census, Penneshaw had a population of 276.

Originally known as Hog Bay due to the pigs released by French Commander Nicholas Baudin, Penneshaw was named after a combination of the names of Dr. F.W.Pennefather, private secretary to Governor Jervois, and Flora Louisa Shaw, The Times colonial editor, a visitor to Government House.

South Australia's first modern seawater desalination plant was established at Penneshaw in the 1990s, to supplement the town's limited dam water supply.

## Penneshaw jetty

In 1901, the Government authorised a budget of £1,800 for the construction of a jetty at Penneshaw (then known as Hog Bay). Appeals for the extension and improvement of the jetty followed in 1905 and 1906. Jetty extension works were undertaken by brothers J. and W. Tait of Port Adelaide in late 1908, using methods similar to those used at Glenelg and Edithburgh. At that time the outer part of the jetty was only 9 feet wide.

A breakwater was later constructed to provide shelter from rough seas for visiting ships.

In 2012, the Penneshaw jetty was extended to provide a cruise ship tender vessel landing facility to accommodate growing numbers of short-term visitors arriving by cruise ship. In the 2014–15 season, seven cruise ships landed passengers at Pennseshaw with eight or nine ships expected the following season. The jetty can also be enjoyed by snorkelers and scuba divers, and is known for supporting Gorgonian corals.

Today, the timber jetty and breakwater provide a sheltered landing for the ferry that travels to and from Cape Jervis daily and for tenders landing passengers from visiting cruise ships.

## Attractions

* Anglican Parish of Kangaroo Island Church of St Columba
* Christmas Cove
* Frenchman's Rock – In 1803 the French explorer Nicolas Baudin anchored in Hog Bay and one of his crew noted the arrival of the expedition by carving on a rock. The rock was later removed and is now located in the Gateway Information Centre. A replica now occupies the rock's original location on Penneshaw Beach.
* Hog Bay
* Maritime and Folk Museum
* Penneshaw Penguin Centre – Nocturnal tours of the local little penguin colony with experienced guides are offered.
* The Uniting Church (formerly Methodist) built c. 1883, the first church established on Kangaroo Island.

## Heritage places

Penneshaw includes the following places that are listed on the South Australian Heritage Register – Christmas Cove, Frenchman's Rock Monument and Penneshaw Cemetery.

## Little penguin colony

An account of penguins observed by Matthew Flinders' expedition of 1802 in the vicinity of Kangaroo Head (immediately west of Penneshaw) describes "thousands" of little penguins landing in the area. Other published accounts of little penguins at Penneshaw exist from 1948, 1951, 1982, 1988 1989 and 1998.

In July 1984, two dogs killed 80 penguins at the Penneshaw foreshore in a single night. The mortality event reduced the population there by almost half. Another dog attack at Penneshaw in March 2003 resulted in over 30 penguins being killed.

As of June 2011, the number of little penguins in the section of the colony which is monitored by the Penneshaw Penguin Centre appears to have declined over the prior 10 years.

Penneshaw Little Penguin Colony (Breeding Individuals)
| Year | Population (low) | Population (high) | Reference |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1984 | 200 | 200 |  |
| 2008 | 216 | 356 |  |
| 2011 | 304 | 304 |  |
| 2012 | 148 | 148 |  |
| 2013 | 112 | 112 |  |

Restoration work to provide improve habitat for little penguins near Penneshaw is ongoing. As of 2013, an 800m coastal strip between Frenchman's Rock and Baudin Conservation Park is the focus site. Works include the removal of weeds, planting of native plants and installation of nesting boxes.

## Governance

Penneshaw is located within the federal division of Mayo, the state electoral district of Mawson and the local government area of the Kangaroo Island Council.

## InfoBox

| Penneshaw
South Australia | |
| --- | --- |
| Penneshaw harbour | |
| Penneshaw | |
| Coordinates | 35°43′06″S 137°56′25″E / 35.71833°S 137.94028°E / -35.71833; 137.94028 |
| Population | 276 (2011 census) |
| Postcode(s) | 5222 |
| Time zone | ACST (UTC+9:30) |
| • Summer (DST) | ACDT (UTC+10:30) |
| Location | 107 km (66 mi) south of Adelaide |
| LGA(s) | Kangaroo Island Council |
| Region | Fleurieu and Kangaroo Island |
| County | Carnarvon |
| State electorate(s) | Mawson |
| Federal division(s) | Mayo |
| **Mean max temp** **Mean min temp** **Annual rainfall**  18.1 °C
65 °F 12.8 °C
55 °F 538.4 mm
21.2 in | |
| **Localities around Penneshaw:**  *Backstairs Passage* *Backstairs Passage* *Backstairs Passage*  Kangaroo Head Penneshaw Ironstone  Kangaroo Head Dudley East Ironstone | |
| Footnotes | Location
Climate
Adjoining localities |


title: List of Bangladeshi films of 2011

text:
# List of Bangladeshi films of 2011

This is a list of Bangladeshi films that were released in 2011.

## January–March

| Opening | | Title | Director | Cast | Genre | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| J
A
N
U
A
R
Y | **7** | *Ma Amar Chokher Moni* | Mustafizur Rahman Manik | Shabnur, Bapparaj, Razzak, Samrat, Nirab Hossain, Romana, Suchorita | Family, drama |  |
| | **14** | *Ma er Jonno Pagol* | Ahmed Nasir | Sohel Rana, Kazi Maruf, Purnima, Bobita, Mamnun Hasan Emon, Nodi, Sharmili Ahmed | Family, drama |  |
| | **21** | *Bhalo Hote Chai* | Shahed Chowdhury | Amit Hasan, Nodi | Action, drama |  |
| | *Paper Prachchitto* | M M Sarker | Amin Khan, Nodi, Zayed Khan, Shaila | Action, drama |  |
| | *Meherjaan* | Rubaiyat Hossain | Shaina Amin, Omar Rahim, Jaya Bachchan, Victor Banerjee, Humayun Faridi | War, drama, romance |  |
| | **28** | *Nosto Jibon* | Rokibul Alam Rokib | Manna, Nodi | Action |  |
| | *Ashtro Charo Kolom Dhoro* | Raju Chowdhury | Kazi Maruf, Purnima | Action |  |

## April–June

| Opening | | Title | Director | Cast | Genre | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| A
P
R
I
L | **1** | *Amar Bondhu Rashed* | Morshedul Islam | Raisul Islam Asad, Humayra Himu, Chowdhury Zawata Afnan, Arman Parvez Murad | War, drama | based on Muhammad Zafar Iqbal's novel of the same title |
| | **8** | *Wanted* | Azad Khan | Kazi Maruf, Kazi Hayat, Misha Sawdagor | Action |  |
| | **14** | *Guerrilla* | Nasiruddin Yousuf | Joya Ahsan, Ferdous Ahmed, Ahmed Rubel, Shatabdi Wadud, A.T.M Shamsuzzaman | War, drama | Based on the events of Bangladesh Liberation War |
| | **15** | *Madhumati* | Shahjahan Chowdhury | Riaz, Chaity, Masud Akhand | Drama | based on Rabeya Khatun's novel of the same title |
| | **22** | *Moner Jala* | Malek Afsari | Shakib Khan, Apu Biswas | Action, romance |  |
| M
A
Y | **13** | *Rajpather Badshah* | M. A. Awal | Masum Parvez Rubel | Action |  |
| | **20** | *Antore Acho Tumi* | P A Kajal | Shakib Khan, Apu Biswas |  |  |
| J
U
N
E | **3** | *Darwaner Chele* | Rokibul Alam Rokib | Kazi Maruf, Sahara, Mukti | Romance |  |
| | *Gariber Mon Onek Boro* | Mohammad Aslam | Amin Khan, Purnima, Nipun Akter |  |  |
| | **10** | *Matir Thikana* | Shah Alam Kiran | Shakib Khan, Purnima, Shakiba | Drama, romance |  |
| | *Bondhu Tumi Shatru Tumi* | Royal Babu | Kazi Maruf, Amit Hasan, Nirab Hossain, Sahara, Keya | Action |  |
| | **24** | *Koti Takar Prem* | Sohanur Rahman Sohan | Shakib Khan, Apu Biswas | Romance |  |

## July–September

| Opening | | Title | Director | Cast | Genre | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| J
U
L | **8** | *Tor Karone Beche Achi* | M B Manik | Shakib Khan, Apu Biswas | Drama |  |
| A
U
G
U
S
T | **31** | *Jaan Kurbaan* | M B Manik | Shakib Khan, Apu Biswas | Action, romance |  |
| | *Gariber Bhai* | P A Kajal | Mamnun Hasan Emon, Dipjol, Resi, Romana, Zayed Khan, Shakiba | Drama |  |
| | *Kusum Kusum Prem* | Mushfiqur Rahman Guljar | Riaz, Ferdous Ahmed, Moushumi | Romance | Premiered on Channel i |
| | *Tiger Number One* | Shahin Sumon | Shakib Khan, Amit Hasan, Sahara, Nipun Akter | Action, romance |  |
| | *Ekbar Bolo Bhalobashi* | Badiul Alam Khokon | Shakib Khan, Apu Biswas, Toma Mirza | Action, romance |  |
| S
E
P
T
E
M
B
E
R | **1** | *Amar Prithibi Tumi* | Gazi Mahbub | Mamnun Hasan Emon, Dipjol, Sahara, Zayed Khan, Resi | Romance |  |
| | **2** | *Dui Purush* | Chashi Nazrul Islam | Riaz, Moushumi, Nipun Akter | Drama | Premiered on ATN Bangla |
| | **23** | *Bhool* | Raju Ahmed | Shimla, Mehran, Achol |  |  |
| | **30** | *Angko* | Shahin Sumon | Kazi Maruf, Mamnun Hasan Emon, Dipjol, Sahara, Ratna |  |  |
| | *Champa Ranir Akhra* | Swapan Chowdury |  |  |  |

## October–December

| Opening | | Title | Director | Cast | Genre | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| O
C
T
O
B
E
R | **7** | *Bailey Road* | Masud Kainat | Niloy Alamgir, Achol | Romance |  |
| | *Ek Takar Chele Koti Takar Meye* | Kamol Sarker | Kazi Maruf, Shomrat, Sahara, Ratna | Action |  |
| | *Garments Konna* | G Sarker | Mamnun Hasan Emon, Popy | Action, romance |  |
| | **14** | *Moner Ghore Boshot Kore* | Jakir Hossain Raju | Shakib Khan, Apu Biswas |  |  |
| N
O
V
E
M
B
E
R | **7** | *Boss Number One* | Mohammad Hossain | Shakib Khan, Sahara, Nipun Akter | Romance |  |
| | *Chotto Songshar* | Montazur Rahman Akbar | Kazi Maruf, Dipjol, Resi, Toma Mirza | Romance |  |
| | *Bondhu Tumi Amar* | Nazrul Islam | Riaz, Purnima | Romance |  |
| | *Priya Amar Jaan* | Raju Chowdhury | Shakib Khan, Apu Biswas | Romance |  |
| | *King Khan* | Mohammad Hossain Jemmy | Shakib Khan, Apu Biswas, Mimo | Action, romance |  |
| | *Projapoti* | Mohammad Mostafa Kamal Raz | Moushumi, Zahid Hasan, Mosharraf Karim, Sohel Khan, Kochi Khondokar | Drama, thriller |  |
| D
E
C
E
M
B
E
R | **2** | *Nishiddho Rashta* |  | Alexandar Bo, Shaila |  |  |
| | *Ke Apon Ke Por* | Shahin Shumon | Apu Biswas, Amit Hasan | Action, romance |  |
| | **9** | *Pita Putrer Golpo* | Kazi Hayat | Kazi Maruf, Sahara, Kazi Hayat, Misha Sawdagor, Habib Khan |  |  |
| | *Sathi Hara Nagin* | Delowar Jahan Jhantu | Amin Khan, Sahara |  |  |
| | **16** | *Hridoy Bhanga Dheu* | Gazi Mazharul Anwar | Ananta Jalil, Barsha | Action, romance |  |
| | *Ma er Gaaye Biyer Sharee* | A K Sohel | Jidan, Shimla, Dighi, Ahmed Sharif | Drama |  |
| | **30** | *Adorer Jamai* | Shahadat Hossain Liton | Shakib Khan, Apu Biswas, Nipun Akter | Action, comedy |  |


title: Vincent Pagano

abstract: Vincent Pagano is an American film and television actor and screenwriter. Pagano's first recurring television role was on the NBC sitcom Suddenly Susan in 1996. Pagano wrote, produced and starred in two movies, both set in his native Rhode Island: the 1999 release A Wake in Providence and the 2006 release Jesus, Mary and Joey. Sabrina, the Teenage Witch star Melissa Joan Hart told the Providence Journal she took a role in Jesus, Mary and Joey/Welcome Back, Miss Mary because her roommate, Angelo Spizzirri, was a close friend of Pagano.

text:
# Vincent Pagano

**Vincent Pagano** (born October 13, 1967 in Providence, Rhode Island) is an American film and television actor and screenwriter.

Pagano's first recurring television role was on the NBC sitcom *Suddenly Susan* in 1996.

Pagano wrote, produced and starred in two movies, both set in his native Rhode Island: the 1999 release *A Wake in Providence* and the 2006 release *Jesus, Mary and Joey* (titled *Welcome Back, Miss Mary* for cable television).

*Sabrina, the Teenage Witch* star Melissa Joan Hart told the Providence Journal she took a role in *Jesus, Mary and Joey*/*Welcome Back, Miss Mary* because her roommate, Angelo Spizzirri, was a close friend of Pagano.


title: Los Angeles Community Action Network

abstract: Los Angeles Community Action Network (LACAN) is a grassroots organization based in the Skid Row area of Los Angeles, California. Founded in 1999, LACAN works to organize low-income and homeless residents through advocacy, community organizing, litigation and education. The organization focuses on issues such as housing rights and the civil rights of the unhoused population.The organization is known for prioritizing the leadership of those directly affected by the issues it addresses.

text:
# Los Angeles Community Action Network

**Los Angeles Community Action Network** (**LACAN**) is a grassroots organization based in the Skid Row area of Los Angeles, California. Founded in 1999, LACAN works to organize low-income and homeless residents through advocacy, community organizing, litigation and education. The organization focuses on issues such as housing rights and the civil rights of the unhoused population.The organization is known for prioritizing the leadership of those directly affected by the issues it addresses.

## Projects and initiatives

### EcoHood Project

Through its EcoHood project, LACAN aims to build more affordable and energy-efficient housing that is quicker to construct, addressing the increased demand for housing since the pandemic and reducing the ecological footprint.

### Impact of Structural Racism on Women in Skid Row

LACAN also released a report titled “The Impact of Structural Racism on Women in Skid Row,” highlighting how structural racism affects unhoused women of color, particularly focusing on issues like family separation and child removal by the Department of Children and Family Services (DCFS), and was informed by the Downtown Women's Action Coalition (DWAC).

### Housing advocacy

LACAN members, including former professionals, veterans, and long-time residents, have fought against gentrification, landlord abuses, and city policies. The organization's efforts led to a moratorium on housing conversions and a residential hotel preservation ordinance, protecting 19,000 low-income housing units from demolition or upscale conversion.

In 2017, LACAN has filed an appeal and led protests against a proposed 33-story high-rise in Downtown LA's Fashion District, arguing that the city should prioritize housing the homeless over approving luxury residential projects, especially given the high vacancy rate in existing units.

in 2023, Pete White, executive director of LACAN, criticized the expanding outreach efforts in Los Angeles as a "smoke and mirrors" strategy, dubbing it the "outreach industrial complex," suggesting it's more about appearance than real solutions to homelessness.

In 2024, LACAN organizer Adam Smith criticized Los Angeles' prioritization of criminalization over addressing homelessness, citing the failure of policies like LAMC 41.18, which resulted in belongings of unhoused residents being confiscated without adequate housing or shelter alternatives, as revealed in a recent LACAN survey of 100 individuals.

### Safer Cities Initiative

In 2006, the Safer Cities Initiative, launched by Mayor Villaraigosa and Police Chief Bratton, increased police presence and targeted the homeless population with numerous citations and arrests, predominantly for minor infractions like jaywalking. This initiative resulted in significant displacement and increased arrests, leading LACAN to respond with community watch programs, demonstrations, and legal actions.

### *Dirty Divide*

The documentary *The Dirty Divide*, by filmmaker Paul Freedman, highlights the severe human rights abuses and systemic neglect faced by the unhoused population in Los Angeles, particularly focusing on the efforts of the LACAN in advocating for fair housing, employment, and fighting against police brutality.

### Food

LACAN operates a rooftop garden and hosts a marketplace where residents can access fresh produce, free haircuts, and community events.


title: Taweesin Visanuyothin

abstract: Taweesin Visanuyothin is a Thai psychiatrist. He is widely noted for performing the duties of spokesperson for the Ministry of Public Health and the Center for the COVID-19 Situation Administration (CCSA) which gives brief daily summaries of the COVID-19 situation in Thailand.

text:
# Taweesin Visanuyothin

**Taweesin Visanuyothin** (Thai: ทวีศิลป์ วิษณุโยธิน, RTGS: Thawisin Wisanuyothin) is a Thai psychiatrist. He is widely noted for performing the duties of spokesperson for the Ministry of Public Health and the Center for the COVID-19 Situation Administration (CCSA) which gives brief daily summaries of the COVID-19 situation in Thailand.

## Early life, family and education

Taweesin was born in Nakhon Ratchasima Province. He is the second of five children of Wengkuang and Phennapha Sae-to. His family has a small shop located in front of the Second Nakhon Ratchasima Municipality Marketplace. His father had lost his leg because of an accident when Taweesin was young. After that incident, every family member, including Taweesin, worked laboriously, such as pig farming and bag folding.

Taweesin studied at Anuban Nakhon Ratchasima School, Bun Watthana School. He graduated from the Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University in 1989. In 1994, he decided to study in the Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois College of Medicine, in the United States. He has completed in Certificate Fellow in Neuropsychiatry.

Taweesin is married to Wilairat Visanuyothin, a pediatrician, and has two children, That and Thanawin.

## Work

After his graduation from Khon Kaen University, he had worked at Nakhon Ratchasima Rajanagarindra Psychiatric Hospital for two years. Afterwards, he studied at the Somdet Chaopraya Institute of Psychiatry and worked as a psychiatrist and lecturer there until 1994. After he returned from study abroad, he continued working at Somdet Chaopraya Institute. During that time, he was noted for answering mental health question via various media. Since 2003, he has been promoted to work at Ministry of Public Health and was appointed to be a spokesperson for the Department of Mental Health and for the Ministry respectively.

On 26 March 2020, during COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand he was appointed to be the spokesperson of the Center of COVID-19 Situation Administration (CCSA) by the CCSA board, led by Prayut Chan-o-cha.

## Royal decorations

Taweesin has received the following royal decorations:

## Filmography

### Film

| Year | Title | Role | Note | Reference |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2003 | *Ong-Bak: Muay Thai Warrior* | Doctor Sak | Club fighters |  |
| 2008 | *Chocolate* | Doctor Treat Zen's | Club fighters |  |

### Dramas

| **Year** | **Thai title** | **Title** | **Role** | **Network** | **Notes** | **With** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2008 | *สี่แผ่นดิน* (ฉบับ พระปกเกล้าราชา ก่อนาวาธิปไตย) | *Four Reigns* | Kun-Ead <br>คุณอั้น | Channel 5 |  |  |
|

## InfoBox

| Taweesin Visanuyothin | |
| --- | --- |
| ทวีศิลป์ วิษณุโยธิน | |
| Taweesin in Press Conference, 2020 | |
| Born | (1965-06-11)11 June 1965 |
| Nationality | Thai |
| Other names | Taweesilp Visanuyothin (Alternative spelling) |
| Alma mater | Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University |
| Occupation | Psychiatrists |
| Years active | 1989–present |
| Known for | Spokesperson for Thai Ministry of Public Health and Center for the COVID-19 Situation Administration (CCSA) |
| Spouse | Wilairat Visanuyothin |
| Children | 2 |
| Signature | |
|  | |


title: Zoigê County

abstract: Zoigê County or Ruo'ergai County is a county of Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan, China, bordering Gansu to the north. It is the northernmost county of the province. It is part of the Tibetan traditional region of Amdo. It has an area of 10,620 km⁲ (4,100 sq mi) and a population of 69,900, 90.4% of which are Tibetan people.

text:
# Zoigê County

| Zoigê County | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Chinese name | |
| Simplified Chinese | 若尔盖县 |
| Traditional Chinese | 若爾蓋縣 |
| Transcriptions  Standard Mandarin  Hanyu Pinyin Ruò'ěrgài Xiàn | |
| Tibetan name | |
| Tibetan | མཛོད་དགེ་རྫོང་། |
| Transcriptions  Wylie mdzod dge rdzong  Tibetan Pinyin Zoigê Zong | |
| Qiang name | |
| Qiang | Zuxxjji |
|  | |

**Zoigê County** or **Ruo'ergai County** (Tibetan: མཛོད་དགེ་རྫོང་།, Wylie: *mdzod dge rdzong*, ZYPY: *Zoigê Zong*; Chinese: 若尔盖县; pinyin: *Ruò'ěrgài Xiàn*) is a county of Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan, China, bordering Gansu to the north. It is the northernmost county of the province. It is part of the Tibetan traditional region of Amdo.

It has an area of 10,620 km2 (4,100 sq mi) and a population of 69,900, 90.4% of which are Tibetan people.

## Geography

Ruo'ergai County is found in the easternmost sections of the Tibetan Plateau. The county is primarily a highland basin made up of the Zoigê Marsh between the Min Mountains and Amne Machin. The western border of the county, shared with Maqu County in Gansu, is formed by the first major bend of the Yellow River where it changes course nearly 180 degrees and heads back towards Qinghai.

## Climate

Ruo'ergai has an alpine subarctic climate (Köppen *Dwc*), featuring very cold nights even in summertime, and very cold winters with extreme diurnal temperature ranges. Snow can fall any time of the year and usually does not melt until summer due to repeated nightly freezing even when maxima are above 0 °C (32 °F). Therefore, access to Ruo'ergai is heavily restricted during the winter months from late October to early May. Sitting at an altitude of more than 11,000 feet, high-altitude sickness is another common problem for tourists.

| Climate data for Ruo'ergai, elevation 3,441 m (11,289 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1971–2010) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 13.6
(56.5) | 15.5
(59.9) | 18.9
(66.0) | 23.5
(74.3) | 23.3
(73.9) | 25.3
(77.5) | 25.2
(77.4) | 25.6
(78.1) | 25.6
(78.1) | 22.6
(72.7) | 16.2
(61.2) | 13.4
(56.1) | 25.6
(78.1) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 1.3
(34.3) | 3.6
(38.5) | 6.4
(43.5) | 10.2
(50.4) | 13.2
(55.8) | 15.6
(60.1) | 18.2
(64.8) | 18.0
(64.4) | 14.7
(58.5) | 9.8
(49.6) | 5.7
(42.3) | 2.2
(36.0) | 9.9
(49.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −8.9
(16.0) | −5.8
(21.6) | −1.5
(29.3) | 2.7
(36.9) | 6.2
(43.2) | 9.5
(49.1) | 11.7
(53.1) | 11.1
(52.0) | 7.8
(46.0) | 2.5
(36.5) | −3.1
(26.4) | −7.7
(18.1) | 2.0
(35.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −17.2
(1.0) | −13.5
(7.7) | −7.5
(18.5) | −3.1
(26.4) | 0.5
(32.9) | 4.4
(39.9) | 6.1
(43.0) | 5.4
(41.7) | 2.9
(37.2) | −2.3
(27.9) | −9.1
(15.6) | −15.2
(4.6) | −4.1
(24.7) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −33.6
(−28.5) | −31.8
(−25.2) | −26.0
(−14.8) | −17.2
(1.0) | −11.5
(11.3) | −6.6
(20.1) | −3.7
(25.3) | −5.6
(21.9) | −9.6
(14.7) | −15.5
(4.1) | −23.4
(−10.1) | −28.0
(−18.4) | −33.6
(−28.5) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 5.6
(0.22) | 9.7
(0.38) | 20.3
(0.80) | 35.5
(1.40) | 82.7
(3.26) | 104.8
(4.13) | 124.9
(4.92) | 109.9
(4.33) | 103.1
(4.06) | 55.8
(2.20) | 10.1
(0.40) | 3.4
(0.13) | 665.8
(26.23) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 5.3 | 6.8 | 11.4 | 14.2 | 18.7 | 19.5 | 17.3 | 15.7 | 17.8 | 15.3 | 5.7 | 3.3 | 151 |
| Average snowy days | 7.3 | 9.1 | 15.0 | 14.3 | 9.0 | 1.3 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 2.1 | 12.8 | 8.0 | 4.9 | 84.3 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 54 | 56 | 61 | 65 | 69 | 73 | 75 | 75 | 77 | 74 | 65 | 57 | 67 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 213.6 | 185.0 | 208.1 | 211.3 | 205.8 | 180.4 | 219.6 | 223.6 | 175.0 | 180.6 | 217.0 | 224.7 | 2,444.7 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 67 | 59 | 56 | 54 | 48 | 42 | 51 | 55 | 48 | 52 | 70 | 73 | 56 |
| Source 1: China Meteorological Administration | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Source 2: Weather China | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## Transport

## Administrative divisions

Ruo'ergai County has 7 towns and 6 townships:

| Name | Simplified Chinese | Hanyu Pinyin | Tibetan | Wylie | Administrative division code |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Towns** | | | | | | |
| Dagcagoin Town
(Dazhasi) | 达扎寺镇 | *Dázhāsì Zhèn* | སྟག་ཚ་དགོན་གྲོང་རྡལ། | *stag tsha dgon grong rdal* | 513232100 |
| Tanggor Town
(Tangke) | 唐克镇 | *Tángkè Zhèn* | ཐང་སྐོར་གྲོང་རྡལ། | *thang skor grong rdal* | 513232101 |
| Xagdom Town
(Hongxing) | 红星镇 | *Hóngxīng Zhèn* | བཞག་སྡོམ་གྲོང་རྡལ། | *bzhag sdom grong rdal* | 513232102 |
| Qammê Town
(Xiaman) | 辖曼镇 | *Xiámàn Zhèn* | བྱམས་མེ་གྲོང་རྡལ། | *byams me grong rdal* | 513232103 |
| Baigyi Town
(Baxi) | 巴西镇 | *Bāxī Zhèn* | དཔལ་སྐྱིད་གྲོང་རྡལ། | *dpal skyid grong rdal* | 513232104 |
| A'gyi Town
(Axi) | 阿西镇 | *Āxī Zhèn* | ཨ་སྐྱིད་གྲོང་རྡལ། | *a skyid grong rdal* | 513232105 |
| Têwo Town
(Tiebu) | 铁布镇 | *Tiěbù Zhèn* | ཐེ་བོ་གྲོང་རྡལ། | *the bo grong rdal* | 513232106 |
| **Townships** | | | | | | |
| Mêqu Township
(Maixi) | 麦溪乡 | *Màixī Xiāng* | རྨེ་ཆུ་ཡུལ་ཚོ། | *rme chu yul tsho* | 513232205 |
| Lingwa Township
(Nenwa) | 嫩哇乡 | *Nènwā Xiāng* | གླིང་བ་ཡུལ་ཚོ། | *gling ba yul tsho* | 513232206 |
| Zhingwa Township
(Zhanwa) | 占哇乡 | *Zhànwā Xiāng* | འབྲིང་བ་ཡུལ་ཚོ། | *'bring ba yul tsho* | 513232210 |
| Gyangca Township
(Jiangzha) | 降扎乡 | *Jiàngzhā Xiāng* | རྐྱང་ཚ་ཡུལ་ཚོ། | *rkyang tsha yul tsho* | 513232211 |
| Qoijê Township
(Qiuji) | 求吉乡 | *Qiújí Xiāng* | ཆོས་རྗེ་ཡུལ་ཚོ། | *chos rje yul tsho* | 513232214 |
| Pabso Township
(Bobso, Baozuo) | 包座乡 | *Bāozuò Xiāng* | བབ་བཟོ་ཡུལ་ཚོ། | *bab bzo yul tsho* | 513232215 |
|

## InfoBox

| Zoigê County 若尔盖县 · མཛོད་དགེ་རྫོང་། · ZuxxjjiRuo'ergai | |
| --- | --- |
| County | |
| Baozuo township in Zoigê County | |
| Zoigê County (pink) in Ngawa Prefecture (yellow) and Sichuan | |
| ZoigêLocation of the seat in SichuanZoigêZoigê (China) | |
| Coordinates (Zoigê County Cultural Pavilion (若尔盖县文化馆)): 33°34′30″N 102°57′43″E / 33.575°N 102.962°E / 33.575; 102.962 | |
| Country | China |
| Province | Sichuan |
| Autonomous prefecture | Ngawa |
| County seat | Dagcagoin |
| Area | |
| Total | 10,620 km2 (4,100 sq mi) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 76,712 |
| Density | 7.2/km2 (19/sq mi) |
| Major nationalities | Tibetan \- 90.4% |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Postal code | 624500 |
| Area code | 0837 |
| Website | www.ruoergai.gov.cn |


title: Patrick Milne

abstract: Patrick Milne was a Scottish landowner, businessman and politician. He commissioned the design of two houses, both called Crimonmogate, one in central Aberdeen, the other on his estate in Lonmay, Aberdeenshire.

text:
# Patrick Milne

**Patrick Milne** (c. 1755–16 May 1820) was a Scottish landowner, businessman and politician. He commissioned the design of two houses, both called Crimonmogate, one in central Aberdeen, the other on his estate in Lonmay, Aberdeenshire.

## Ancestry

Milne was the eldest son of Alexander Milne of Crimonmogate, an Aberdeen merchant. His mother, Margaret, was the daughter of Patrick Bannerman, Lord Provost of Aberdeen from 1715–1716. His father was a partner in the linen company Gordon, Barron & Co. and the Porthill Company that later became Milne, Cruden, & Company. These companies had extensive factories in Aberdeen and Donside. After the decline of the Porthill linen company, Milne's father bought the Crimonmogate estate in Aberdeenshire, which Milne then inherited.

## Career

Milne had a healthy income from overseas business ventures and tax records of 1797–98 show he was levied various taxes on the number of clocks and watches, dogs and male servants he had.

Several new settlements were established in the Buchan area after the middle of the 18th-century and this continued into the early 19th-century bringing more wealth to the area. Wealthy landowners, like Milne, began to invest profits in the construction of stylish mansions. In 1810, Milne commissioned the Aberdeen city architect John Smith to design a town house for him. This was sited on Union Street, Aberdeen and the house was called Crimonmogate, the same name as his estate in Lonmay.

Milne was involved in "electoral chicanery" in 1807 when together with Alexander Crombie and William Garden, he bribed councilmen on behalf of his relative, William Keith Falconer, the 6th Lord Kintore, in an attempt to have them vote for the election of Sir Alexander Bannerman. This was unsuccessful and James Rae was appointed as delegate instead. Milne and Crombie continued trying to bribe Rae and confined him in Lord Kintore's residence in the days prior to the election. The attempts were again ineffective as Rae did not change his vote and Archibald Colquhoun was elected instead.

Lord Kintore died just before the elections in 1812 but was believed to support Milne as candidate for the Elgin burghs that year. Milne was duly elected as member of Parliament for Elgin Burghs on 30 October 1812, a position he held until 11 July 1818. He usually supported the Government in votes throughout the 1812 parliament and is recorded as continually being against Catholic relief.

Milne commissioned Archibald Simpson, an Aberdeen architect in similar standing to John Smith, to design a new mansion for his Crimonmogate estate. This was in a Neo-Greek style and constructed of ashlar granite. It has two storeys with a single storey centre section. The initial construction was quoted as costing up to £10,000. Although the work had been commissioned by Milne, he died in 1820 before the house was completed in 1825. It is a category A listed building.

## Legacy

Milne was unmarried and without issue. He died at his Crimonmogate House, Union Street, Aberdeen on 16 May 1820 aged 65 years. He bequeathed his property to Charles Bannerman, his first cousin once removed. Bannerman had an obelisk monument erected in Milne's memory in the garden at Crimonmogate in 1821, which was given a category B listing by Historic Scotland.

1. Fisher & Milne.
2. Fitton 1989, p. 75.
3. Electricscotland.
4. Wilson 1822, pp. 214–216.
5. Historic Environment Scotland & GDL00397.
6. Scotland's Places & Clock and watch taxes, 1797–98.
7. Scotland's Places & Dog taxes, 1797–98.
8. Scotland's Places & Male Servant tax rolls, 1797–98.
9. McKean 1990, p. 5.
10. Silver City Vault & Crimonmogate House.
11. Fisher & Elgin burghs.
12. Hansard.
13. Historic Environment Scotland & LB9270.
14. Lewis 1846.
15. CMG Events & History of Crimonmogate.
16. Caledonian Mercury, *Obituaries* & 27 May 1820.
17. Historic Environment Scotland & LB9241.

### Bibliography

## InfoBox

| Patrick Milne | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | c. 1755 |
| Died | 16 May 1820(1820-05-16) (aged 64–65)<br>Aberdeen |
| Other names | Peter Milne |
| Occupation | Businessman/Politician |


title: List of Western Bulldogs captains

text:
# List of Western Bulldogs captains

This is a list of all captains of the Western Bulldogs, an Australian rules football club in the Australian Football League (AFL) and AFL Women's.

## VFL/AFL

| Dates | Captain(s) | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1926 | Allan Hopkins |  |
| 1927–1928 | Paddy Scanlan |  |
| 1929–1930 | Allan Hopkins |  |
| 1931–1932 | Bill Cubbins |  |
| 1933 | Ivan McAlpine |  |
| 1934 | Bill Cubbins
Alby Morrison |  |
| 1935 | Alby Morrison |  |
| 1936 | Stan Penberthy |  |
| 1937 | Sid Dockendorff
Alby Morrison |  |
| 1938–1939 | Roy Evans |  |
| 1940–1942 | Norman Ware |  |
| 1943–1946 | Arthur Olliver |  |
| 1947 | Harry Hickey |  |
| 1948–1950 | Arthur Olliver |  |
| 1951–1955 | Charlie Sutton | 1954 Premiership Captain |
| 1956 | Charlie Sutton
Wally Donald |  |
| 1957 | Harvey Stevens
Ted Whitten | Ted Whitten Longest Serving Captain |
| 1958–1969 | Ted Whitten | Longest Serving Captain |
| 1970 | Ted Whitten
Stuart Magee | Ted Whitten Longest Serving Captain |
| 1971–1972 | Gary Dempsey |  |
| 1973 | David Thorpe |  |
| 1974–1976 | Laurie Sandilands |  |
| 1977–1978 | Gary Dempsey |  |
| 1979–1981 | Geoff Jennings |  |
| 1982 | Kelvin Templeton |  |
| 1983–1985 | Jim Edmond |  |
| 1986–1988 | Rick Kennedy |  |
| 1989 | Stephen Wallis |  |
| 1990–1993 | Doug Hawkins |  |
| 1994–2000 | Scott Wynd |  |
| 2001–2004 | Chris Grant |  |
| 2005–2006 | Luke Darcy |  |
| 2007–2010 | Brad Johnson |  |
| 2011–2013 | Matthew Boyd |  |
| 2014 | Ryan Griffen |  |
| 2015–2017 | Robert Murphy |  |
| 2018–2019 | Easton Wood | 2016 premiership captain |
| 2020– | Marcus Bontempelli |  |

## AFL Women's

| Dates | Captain(s) | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2017–2018 | Katie Brennan | Ellie Blackburn was premiership captain in 2018 in Brennan's absence. |
| 2019 | Katie Brennan
Ellie Blackburn | Co-captains |
| 2020-present | Ellie Blackburn |  |
|


title: List of Crush Gear Nitro episodes

abstract: The following is the list of Crush Gear Nitro episodes, where the airdate shown is the date of the episode aired in Japan for the first time.

text:
# List of Crush Gear Nitro episodes

The following is the list of *Crush Gear Nitro* episodes, where the airdate shown is the date of the episode aired in Japan for the first time.

| # | Episode Title | Japanese Title | Original airdate |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Kike! Gia no Kodō o! | 聞け! ギアの鼓動を! | February 2, 2003 |
| 2 | Hide no Gyakushū! | ヒデの逆襲！ | February 9, 2003 |
| 3 | Kakusei! Mahhajasutisu | 覚醒！ マッハジャスティス | February 16, 2003 |
| 4 | Nazo no Shōnen TB | 謎の少年 TB | February 23, 2003 |
| 5 | Jurietto o Sagase! | ジュリエットを探せ！ | March 2, 2003 |
| 6 | Oe! Kingushubarutsu | 追え！ キングシュバルツ | March 9, 2003 |
| 7 | Rusuban Panikku! | 留守番パニック！ | March 16, 2003 |
| 8 | Tokkun! IOD | 特訓！ I・O・D | March 23, 2003 |
| 9 | Giafaito Kinshirei | ギアファイト禁止令 | March 30, 2003 |
| 10 | Arashi no Giakurabu | 嵐のギアクラブ | April 6, 2003 |
| 11 | Hakunetsu! Gia Kōshien | 白熱！ギア甲子園 | April 13, 2003 |
| 12 | Kessen! Yuu tai Masaru | 決戦！由宇vs勝 | April 20, 2003 |
| 13 | Ugokidashita Kage | 動き出した影 | April 27, 2003 |
| 14 | ZET no Shikaku | ZETの刺客 | May 4, 2003 |
| 15 | Kyōfu no Jamā Fīrudo! | 恐怖のジャマーフィールド！ | May 11, 2003 |
| 16 | Kouda Ganbaru! | 国府田がんばる！ | May 18, 2003 |
| 17 | Ubawareta Sandābureikā | 奪われたサンダーブレイカー | May 25, 2003 |
| 18 | Maboroshi no Giafaitā | 幻のギアファイター | June 1, 2003 |
| 19 | Sennyūsha wa Dareda!? | 潜入者は誰だ！？ | June 8, 2003 |
| 20 | ZET Shitennō Shūrai! | ZET四天王襲来！ | June 22, 2003 |
| 21 | Totsunyū! ZET Gakuen | 突入！ZET学園 | June 29, 2003 |
| 22 | Nitoro Gekitotsu! KN tai Masaru! | ニトロ激突！KN対勝！ | July 13, 2003 |
| 23 | TB no Ketsui | TBの決意 | July 20, 2003 |
| 24 | Urufu tai Jagā | ウルフ対ジャガー | July 27, 2003 |
| 25 | Masaru no Fukkatsu!! | 勝の復活！！ | August 3, 2003 |
| 26 | Sekai Taikai Kaimaku! | 世界大会開幕！ | August 10, 2003 |
| 27 | Nessen! Giatoraiasuron | 熱戦！ギアトライアスロン | August 17, 2003 |
| 28 | Hide wa Mamorigami!? | ヒデは守り神！？ | August 24, 2003 |
| 29 | Kojō no Bōrei | 古城の亡霊 | August 31, 2003 |
| 30 | Umi no Ue no Giafaitā | 海の上のギアファイター | September 7, 2003 |
| 31 | Shinka! Hebīsupaiku F (Fōsu) | 進化！ヘビースパイクF（フォース） | September 14, 2003 |
| 32 | Aratanaru Kuro no Ō | 新たなる黒の王 | September 21, 2003 |
| 33 | Nyūkon! Mahhavikutorī | 入魂！マッハヴィクトリー | September 28, 2003 |
| 34 | Giafaitā Makoto! | ギアファイター・誠！ | October 5, 2003 |
| 35 | Mori no Yōjinbō | 森の用心棒 | October 12, 2003 |
| 36 | Chitei Kara no Chōsen | 地底からの挑戦 | October 19, 2003 |
| 37 | Futari no Arora? | ふたりのアロラ？ | October 26, 2003 |
| 38 | Natsumi, Namida no Mō Tokkun | なつみ、涙の猛特訓 | November 2, 2003 |
| 39 | Sekai Taikai no Yukue | 世界大会のゆくえ | November 9, 2003 |
| 40 | Marco no Shinjitsu | マルコの真実 | November 16, 2003 |
| 41 | Ōkami no Kodoku | 狼の孤独 | November 23, 2003 |
| 42 | Unmei no Kyōdai Taiketsu | 運命の兄弟対決 | November 30, 2003 |
| 43 | Kingukaizā no Shukumei | キングカイザーの宿命 | December 7, 2003 |
| 44 | Zero no Kyōchi | ゼロの境地 | December 14, 2003 |
| 45 | Sayonara TB | さよならTB | December 21, 2003 |
| 46 | Hide, Saigo no Tatakai | ヒデ、最後の戦い | December 28, 2003 |
| 47 | Chōjō Kessen! Yuu tai Masaru | 頂上決戦！由宇 対 勝 | January 4, 2004 |
| 48 | Gia Batoruroiyaru | ギア・バトルロイヤル | January 11, 2004 |
| 49 | Sankyō Gekitotsu! Saigo no Kessen!!! | 3強激突！最後の決戦！！！ | January 18, 2004 |
| 50 | Nitoro no Kanata e | 風（ニトロ）の彼方へ | January 25, 2004 |


title: Louis Marino

abstract: Louis Marino was an American mobster and member of the Chicago Outfit criminal organization. Marino oversaw the Outfit's rackets in Lake and McHenry counties north of Chicago. In 1993, he was sentenced to 28 years in prison for racketeering.

text:
# Louis Marino

**Louis Marino** (March 14, 1933 – March 7, 2017) was an American mobster and member of the Chicago Outfit criminal organization. Marino oversaw the Outfit's rackets in Lake and McHenry counties north of Chicago. In 1993, he was sentenced to 28 years in prison for racketeering.

## Early life

Marino once worked for the Chicago-based Anthony Marano Company, a fruit and vegetable wholesaler.

## Chicago Outfit career

Marino joined the Cicero, Illinois faction of the Chicago Outfit and was one half of an enforcer duo along with his best friend, Salvatore "Solly D" DeLaurentis, during the 1970s and 1980s. Marino and DeLaurentis were allegedly involved in a number of gangland murders. During the 1980s, he was a member of the "Good Ship Lollipop" crew headed by Ernest Rocco Infelise. Marino was identified in a July 1986 *Chicago Tribune* article as an enforcer and driver for Infelise. In September 1986, Marino was identified as being a lieutenant of Chicago Outfit boss Joseph Ferriola, and as being recently elevated to be boss of the Outfit's gambling operation in McHenry County, Illinois.

Also, in September 1986, Marino sued the FBI for allegedly stealing his car while he left home for the Independence Day weekend. Marino had left his Chrysler Fifth Avenue for the weekend at his brother's house in Cicero, Illinois, and the FBI was alleged to have stolen his car and replaced it with a different Fifth Avenue. Marino returned earlier than expected and noticed the switch. The FBI returned the vehicle after Marino reported the theft to police. Marino claimed that, after the car was returned, he noticed holes in it, suggesting that either the FBI had planted and removed listening devices from the car or intended to place listening devices in the car.

On February 7, 1990, Marino was indicted in federal court in Chicago on racketeering charges in a sweeping indictment of mobsters. On February 15, 1990, he was ordered held without bond. He was later allowed house arrest and was released on bond to his house in Palos Park, Illinois. Several months later, Marino informed the court that he was working as a clerk at an archery range in Berwyn, Illinois. His defense attorney was former United States District Judge George N. Leighton.

On March 10, 1992, Marino was convicted of racketeering, income tax violations, and participating in an illegal gambling business. Nevertheless, he was acquitted of murder-conspiracy in the 1985 killing of bookmaker Hal Smith. During the trial, prosecutors alleged that Marino had hung a gambler over a balcony at the Chicago Board of Trade when the gambler failed to pay a debt.

On August 19, 1993, Marino was sentenced by United States District Judge Ann Claire Williams to 28 years in federal prison—the maximum sentence allowed. Marino served his sentence in the federal prison in Milan, Michigan.

Marino was identified in court during the "Family Secrets" mob trial in Chicago in 2007 by Chicago Outfit turncoat Nicholas Calabrese as having been one of several mobsters in the room during the fatal 1986 beatings of Chicago mobsters Anthony Spilotro and Michael Spilotro, whose murders were fictionalized in the 1995 film *Casino*. Marino has never been charged with the Spilotros' murders; however, the only person ever convicted of participating in the murders is imprisoned Chicago mob boss James Marcello.

Marino was released from federal custody on October 31, 2014.

## Family

Marino's son, Dino Marino, pleaded guilty in January 2000 to bilking the town of Cicero, Illinois, out of more than $130,000 as a ghost-payroller in the town's health department. Marino was later sentenced to a year in federal prison and was released on May 29, 2001.

## Death

Marino died of natural causes on March 7, 2017, at the age of 83.

## InfoBox

| Louis Marino | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Louis T. Marino
(1933-03-14)March 14, 1933
Chicago, Illinois, U.S. |
| Died | March 7, 2017(2017-03-07) (aged 83)
Chicago, Illinois, U.S. |
| Other names | "Louie Tomatoes" |
| Occupation | Mobster |
|  | |
| Allegiance | Chicago Outfit |
| Conviction(s) | Racketeering (1992) |
| Criminal penalty | 28 years' imprisonment (1993) |
|  | |


title: Tchai-Ovna

abstract: Tchai-Ovna Fine Teas, based in Glasgow, is a speciality leaf tea shop and blenders which retails a wide variety of tea online and wholesales to other businesses. It also exists as a pop-up tea shop in areas of Scotland and Northern England. It was formerly a tea-house and music venue situated in the West End of Glasgow where it served teas, as well as vegetarian and vegan foodstuffs. Tchai-Ovna was a popular venue for music, poetry readings and dramatic performances, and an arts exhibition space. It also hosted musical events, with performances from songwriters, jazz musicians and other music artists. Tchai-Ovna's name was inspired by the teahouses (čajovny) in the Czech Republic. Tchai-Ovna faced closure due to a new development of luxury flats on Otago Lane. A community campaign to save Otago Lane attempted to retain the tea house. This campaign was ultimately unsuccessful, and the tea house closed in mid 2023. Tchai-Ovna tea products can still be purchased online.

text:
# Tchai-Ovna

55°52′23″N 4°16′55″W / 55.873°N 4.282°W / 55.873; -4.282

**Tchai-Ovna** **Fine Teas,** based in Glasgow, is a speciality leaf tea shop and blenders which retails a wide variety of tea online and wholesales to other businesses. It also exists as a pop-up tea shop in areas of Scotland and Northern England. It was formerly a tea-house and music venue situated in the West End of Glasgow where it served teas, as well as vegetarian and vegan foodstuffs. Tchai-Ovna was a popular venue for music, poetry readings and dramatic performances, and an arts exhibition space. It also hosted musical events, with performances from songwriters, jazz musicians and other music artists. Tchai-Ovna's name was inspired by the teahouses (čajovny) in the Czech Republic.

Tchai-Ovna faced closure due to a new development of luxury flats on Otago Lane. A community campaign to save Otago Lane attempted to retain the tea house. This campaign was ultimately unsuccessful, and the tea house closed in mid 2023. Tchai-Ovna tea products can still be purchased online.


title: Osiedle Niewiadów

abstract: Osiedle Niewiadów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ujazd, within Tomaszów Mazowiecki County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) north of Ujazd, 13 km (8 mi) north-west of Tomaszów Mazowiecki, and 37 km (23 mi) south-east of the regional capital Łódź.

text:
# Osiedle Niewiadów

**Osiedle Niewiadów** \[ɔˈɕɛdlɛ ɲɛˈvjaduf\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ujazd, within Tomaszów Mazowiecki County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) north of Ujazd, 13 km (8 mi) north-west of Tomaszów Mazowiecki, and 37 km (23 mi) south-east of the regional capital Łódź.

51°36′51″N 19°55′26″E / 51.61417°N 19.92389°E / 51.61417; 19.92389

## InfoBox

| Osiedle Niewiadów | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Osiedle Niewiadów | |
| Coordinates: 51°36′51″N 19°55′26″E / 51.61417°N 19.92389°E / 51.61417; 19.92389 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Łódź |
| County | Tomaszów Mazowiecki |
| Gmina | Ujazd |


title: Patrick Sinclair, 9th Lord Sinclair

abstract: Patrick Sinclair was a Scottish nobleman and the 9th Lord Sinclair. In The Scots Peerage by James Balfour Paul he is designated as the 8th Lord Sinclair in descent starting from William Sinclair, 1st Earl of Caithness and 3rd Earl of Orkney, but historian Roland Saint-Clair designates him as the 9th Lord Sinclair in descent from the father of the 1st Earl of Caithness and 3rd Earl of Orkney, Henry II Sinclair, Earl of Orkney, who is the first person recorded as Lord Sinclair in public records. Roland Saint-Clair references this to an Act of the Scottish Parliament in which the 4th Lord Sinclair was made Lord Sinclair based on his descent from his great-grandfather, Henry II Sinclair, Earl of Orkney, the first Lord Sinclair. Bernard Burke, in his a Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Peerage and Baronetage of the British Empire, agrees with the numbering by Roland Saint-Clair and says that Henry Sinclair and William Sinclair were "in reality" the fourth and fifth Lords Sinclair respectively.

text:
# Patrick Sinclair, 9th Lord Sinclair

**Patrick Sinclair** (died 1617) was a Scottish nobleman and the 9th Lord Sinclair. In *The Scots Peerage* by James Balfour Paul he is designated as the 8th Lord Sinclair in descent starting from William Sinclair, 1st Earl of Caithness and 3rd Earl of Orkney, but historian Roland Saint-Clair designates him as the 9th Lord Sinclair in descent from the father of the 1st Earl of Caithness and 3rd Earl of Orkney, Henry II Sinclair, Earl of Orkney, who is the first person recorded as Lord Sinclair in public records. Roland Saint-Clair references this to an Act of the Scottish Parliament in which the 4th Lord Sinclair was made Lord Sinclair based on his descent from his great-grandfather, Henry II Sinclair, Earl of Orkney, the first Lord Sinclair. Bernard Burke, in his a *Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Peerage and Baronetage of the British Empire*, agrees with the numbering by Roland Saint-Clair and says that Henry Sinclair (died 1513) and William Sinclair (died 1570) were "in reality" the fourth and fifth Lords Sinclair respectively.

## Lord Sinclair

He was the third son of James Sinclair, Master of Sinclair who died in 1592 and his wife Isabella, daughter of Andrew Leslie, 5th Earl of Rothes. He was also the grandson of Henry Sinclair, 6th Lord Sinclair. His elder brothers who he succeeded were Henry Sinclair, 7th Lord Sinclair who died in 1602 and James Sinclair, 8th Lord Sinclair who died in 1607.

He married Margaret Cockburn, daughter of John Cockburn of Ormiston. They had two sons: John Sinclair, 10th Lord Sinclair, heir and successor, and Henry Sinclair who died unmarried in 1670. He died in 1617.

## InfoBox

| Patrick Sinclair | |
| --- | --- |
| Lord Sinclair | |
| Lord Sinclair coat of arms | |
| Predecessor | James Sinclair, 8th Lord Sinclair |
| Successor | John Sinclair, 10th Lord Sinclair |
| Died | 1617 |
| Noble family | Clan Sinclair |
| Father | James Sinclair, Master of Sinclair |
| Mother | Isabella, daughter of Andrew Leslie, 5th Earl of Rothes |


abstract: This is a list of Western Australian locomotive classes, being classes of locomotive that have worked on railways in Western Australia. The majority of Western Australian steam locomotive classes were operated by the Western Australian Government Railways (WAGR). Regularly scheduled steam working ceased on WAGR mainline operations after 1971 - with only special excursion or enthusiasts trains being hauled by steam after that time. Other significant operators include the Commonwealth Railways, the Midland Railway Company of Western Australia and State Saw Mills. Many private organisations also operated steam locomotives in Western Australia.

text:
# List of Western Australian locomotive classes

This is a **list of Western Australian locomotive classes**, being classes of locomotive that have worked on railways in Western Australia.

The majority of Western Australian steam locomotive classes were operated by the Western Australian Government Railways (WAGR). Regularly scheduled steam working ceased on WAGR mainline operations after 1971 - with only special excursion or enthusiasts trains being hauled by steam after that time.

Other significant operators include the Commonwealth Railways, the Midland Railway Company of Western Australia and State Saw Mills. Many private organisations also operated steam locomotives in Western Australia.

## Locomotives

### Western Australian Government Railway

| WAGR
class | Wheel
arrangement | Fleet
number(s) | Manufacturer
Serial numbers | Year
introduced | Quantity
built | Quantity
preserved | Year(s)
withdrawn | Comments |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Tender Locomotives | | | | | | | | |
|  | 2-6-0 | 3–5, 10–11, 15–16, 21, 31 | Beyer, Peacock & Company | 1883 | 14 | 2 |  |  |
|  | 4-6-0 | 264–275 | Baldwin
20152-20174
 | 1902 | 20 | 0 |  |  |
| Ca | 4-6-2 | 431–440 | Midland Workshops | 1915 | 20 | 0 |  |  |
| E/Es | 4-6-2 | 291–355 | Nasmyth, Wilson & Company (15),
Vulcan Foundry (30),
North British Locomotive Company (20) | 1902 | 65 | 1 |  |  |
| Ec | 4-6-2 | 236–255 | Baldwin
18826-18866 | 1901 | 20 | 0 |  | Rebuilt as L class in 1924 |
| F/Fs | 4-8-0 | 276–290, 356-367, 394–423 | Dübs & Company (15)
4023-4037North British Locomotive Company (42)
19655-19666, 20083-20112 | 1902 | 57 | 2 |  |  |
|  | 2-6-0/4-6-0 | 17, 32–33, 42–49, 51–61, 64–68, 109–112, 126–132, 156–161, 233–235 (2-6-0) 48–50, 107–198, 111–125, 133–137 (4-6-0) | Beyer, Peacock & Company (7),
James Martin & Co (29)
Neilson & Company (12) | 1889 | 72 | 7 |  | Based on 1888 locomotive design "Silver King" |
|  | 4-6-0 | 28–30 | Kitson & Company
3396-3398 | 1891 | 3 | 0 |  |  |
|  | 4-6-2 | 236–255 (1st), 471–490 (2nd) | Midland Workshops | 1924 | 20 | 0 |  | Major rebuild from Ec class |
|  | 2-6-0 | 23–24 | Kitson & Company
2035-|2036 | 1876 | 2 | 0 |  |  |
|  | 2-8-0T&T | 74–100, 208–226 | Dübs & Company (36)
4932-5067, 5188-5196 Neilson & Company (10)
3584-3593 | 1896 | 46 | 0 |  | 5 rebuilt as Oa, 10 rebuilt as N |
| Oa | 2-8-0T&T | 2, 5–6, 24, 33, 158–161, 219 (1st), 171–179 (2nd) | Midland Railway Workshops | 1909 | 10 | 1 |  | 5 built new, 5 rebuilt from O |
| P (1896) | 4-4-0 | 62–63 | James Martin & Co
134–135 | 1896 | 2 | 0 | 1912/1929 | Sold to Midland Railway of Western Australia in 1912. |
|  | 4-6-2 | 441–465 (1st), 501–517 (2nd) | North British Locomotive Company (10)
23143-23152 Midland Workshops (15) | 1924 | 25 | 1 | 1968–69 | 8 rebuilt to Pr class |
| Pr | 4-6-2 | 138–147, 453–464(1st), 521–538 (2nd) | Midland Workshops | 1938 | 10 (new),
8 (r/b P) | 1 | 1967–70 |  |
| Pm and Pmr | 4-6-2 | 701–735 | North British Locomotive Company
26545-26930 | 1949 | 35 | 6 |  | Final 16 constructed as Pmr with detail improvements |
|  | 4-6-0 | 62–63 | Andrew Barclay Sons & Co
1947-1947 |  | 2 | 0 |  | Originally built for Public Works Department. To WAGR 1931. |
| R/Ra | 4-4-0/4-4-2 | 144–155, 174–179, 227–232 | Dübs & Company
3431-3442, 3674-3677, 3679-3682 | 1897 | 24 | 1 |  |  |
|  | 4-8-2 | 541–550 | Midland Workshops | 1943 | 10 | 3 | 1971–72 | Superheated |
|  | 4-4-0 | 164–173 | Beyer, Peacock & Company (6)
2811-2816 Kitson & Company (4)
3106-3109 | 1887 | 10 | 0 |  | Ex Great Southern Railway |
|  | 4-6-2 | 651–664 | North British Locomotive Company
24854-24841 | 1947 | 14 | 1 |  | Superheated, oil burner |
|  | 2-8-2 | 1201–1224 | Beyer, Peacock & Company
7770-7793 | 1955 | 24 | 4 |  | Superheated |
|  | 4-8-2 | 901–960 | Beyer, Peacock & Company
7378-7417, 7453-7472 | 1951 | 60 | 14 |  | Superheated |
| Garratt locomotives | | | | | | | | |
| ASG | 4-8-2+2-8-4 | 10, 20, 26-32, 44-50, 54-59, 63–65 | Midland Railway Workshops (10),
Islington Railway Workshops (3),
Newport Workshops (3),
Clyde Engineering (9)
480-485, 489-491 | 1942 | 25 | 0 |  |  |
|  | 2-6-0+0-6-2 | 388–393 | Beyer, Peacock & Company
5477–5482 | 1911 | 6 | 0 |  | 1 example rebuilt to Ms |
| Ms | 2-6-0+0-6-2 | 424–430 | Beyer, Peacock & Company
5665–5671 | 1913 | 7 | 0 |  | Superheated |
| Msa | 2-6-0+0-6-2 | 466–475 (1st), 491–500 (2nd) | Midland Workshops
46–55 | 1930 | 10 | 0 |  | Superheated |
| Tank locomotives | | | | | | | | |
|  | 4-6-0T | 8–9, 12–14, 180–185 | Kitson & Co (8)
2591-2592, 3780-3785 Dübs & Co (3)
2153, 2185-2186 | 1884 | 11 | 0 |  |  |
| C (1881) | 0-6-0ST | 1–2 | Robert Stephenson and Company
2390-2391 | 1881 | 2 | 1 |  | later 0-6-0T&T |
| D (1884) | 0-4-0ST | 6 | Hunslet Engine Company
331 | 1884 | 1 | 0 |  |  |
| D/Ds | 4-6-4T | 368–387 | North British Locomotive Company
19709-19728 | 1912 | 20 | 0 |  |  |
| Dm | 4-6-4T | 581–588 | Midland Workshops | 1945 | 6 | 0 |  |  |
| Dd | 4-6-4T | 591–600 | Midland Workshops | 1946 | 10 | 2 |  | Superheated |
|  | 2-4-4-2T Double Fairlie | 7, 20 | Avonside Engine Company
1239–1242 | 1879 | 2 | 0 |  |  |
| F (1892) | 2-4-0T | 20 | Fremantle Workshops | 1892 | 1 | 0 |  | rebuilt from class E (1879) |
|  | 0-6-0T | 18, 22 | Neilson & Co
3630-3631 | 1887 | 2 | 1 |  |  |
|  | 0-6-4T Single Fairlie | 25–27 | Avonside Engine Company
1281, 1283, 1285 | 1891 | 3 | 0 |  | Ex-New Zealand Government Railways S class |
| K (1891) | 0-6-2T | 19 | Hudswell, Clarke & Co
387 | 1891 | 1 | 0 |  |  |
|  | 2-8-4T | 34–41, 101–106, 186–195 | Neilson & Co
4599-4606, 5040-5045, 5197-5206 | 1893 | 24 | 0 |  |  |
|  | 4-4-4T | 1, 19–20, 25–27, 69–79, 85–87, 95–96, 132, 196–207, 256–263 | Nasmyth, Wilson & Co
600-614 Neilson & Co
4933-4941, 5046, 5052-5054, 5062-5063
Robert Stephenson & Co
2881-2892 | 1895 | 42 | 1 |  |  |
| Q/Qa (1895) | 4-6-2T/4-6-4T | 138–143 | R&W Hawthorn Leslie & Co
2312-2313, 2351-2354 | 1895 | 6 | 0 |  |  |
| S (1888) | 0-6-0WT | 162–163 | Kitson & Co
T231, T260 | 1888 | 2 | 0 |  | Ex Great Southern Railway |
| U (1903) | 0-6-0CT | 7 | Vulcan Foundry
1897 | 1903 | 1 | 0 |  | steam crane tank locomotive |
| Ut | 4-6-4T | 664 | Midland Workshops | 1957 | 1 | 1 |  | Converted from U class |
| Standard Gauge Diesel Locomotives | | | | | | | | |
|  | Bo-Bo | H1-H5 | English Electric A.081-A.082, A.085-A.087 | 1965 | 5 | 0 | 1992-1996 | 3 in service, 1 stored, 1 scrapped. |
|  | Bo-Bo | J101-J105 | Clyde Engineering 66–479 to 66–483 | 1966 | 5 | 0 | 1986-1995 | Evolution of the Victorian Railways Y class. 4 in service, 1 scrapped. |
|  | Co-Co | K201-K210 | English Electric A.109-A.111, A.133-A.137, A.142, A.186 | 1966 | 10 | 0 | 1992-2000 | 1 in service, 2 stored, 7 scrapped. |
|  | Co-Co | L251-L277 | Clyde Engineering | 1967 | 27 | 0 | 1973-2000 | 1 in service, 18 stored, 8 scrapped. |
| NB | Co-Co | N1871-N1881 | Commonwealth Engineering | 1977 | 11 | 0 | 1994-1997 | 1 stored, 10 scrapped. |
|  | Co-Co | Q4001-Q4019 | Clyde Engineering Downer Rail | 1996 | 19 | 0 | 2000 | All in service |
| Narrow Gauge Diesel Locomotives | | | | | | | | |
|  | 2'Do2' | X1001-X1032 XA140l-XA1416 | Beyer, Peacock & Company Metropolitan-Vickers | 1954 | 48 | 6 | 1984-1988 |  |
|  | Bo-Bo | Y1101-Y1118 | British Thomson-Houston 1011-1028 | 1953 | 18 | 7 | 1984-1986 |  |
|  | C' | Z1151-Z1153 | Robert Stephenson & Hawthorns 7736-7738
Drewry Car Company
2401-2403 | 1953 | 3 | 3 | 1983 |  |
|  | Co-Co | A1501-A1514 | Clyde Engineering Commonwealth Engineering | 1960 | 14 | 2 | 1998-2000 | 13 in service, 2 preserved, 1 stored, 3 unknown, 6 scrapped. |
| AA | Co-Co | AA1515-AA1519 | Clyde Engineering Commonwealth Engineering | 1969 | 5 | 0 | 1998-2000 |  |
| AB | Co-Co | AB1531-AA1536 | Clyde Engineering Commonwealth Engineering | 1969 | 6 | 1 | 1998-2000 |  |
|  |  | B1601-B1610 | Commonwealth Engineering | 1962 | 10 | 10 | 1984 |  |
|  | Co-Co | C1701-C1703 | English Electric | 1962 | 3 | 3 | 1992 |  |
| T/TA | Co | T1801-1805 TA1806-1815 | Tulloch Limited | 1967 | 15 | 4 | 1 still in use | 1 in service, 4 preserved, 11 scrapped |
|  | Co-Co | R1901-R1905 | English Electric A.166-A.167, A.171, A.173-A.174 | 1968 | 5 | 0 | 1992-2016 | All scrapped. |
| RA | Co-Co | RA1906-RA1918 | English Electric A.202-A.207, A.218-A.222, A.244, A.248 | 1969 | 13 | 1 | 1992 | 12 scrapped. |
| D/DA | Co-Co | D1561-D1565 DA1571-DA1577 | Commonwealth Engineering | 1977 | 12 | 0 |  |  |
| N/NA | Co-Co | N1871-N1881 | Commonwealth Engineering | 1977 | 11 | 0 | 1994-1997 | 1 stored, 10 scrapped. |
| DB | Co-Co | DB1581–DB1593 DBZ2301–DBZ2313 | Clyde Engineering 81–989 to 81–998
82–1122 to 82–1124 | 1982 | 13 | 0 | 2000 | 6 in service, 7 in storage. |
|  | Co-Co | P2501–P2517 | UGL Rail | 1989 | 17 | 0 | 2000 | All 17 in service. |
|  | Co-Co | S3301–S3311 | Clyde Engineering | 1998 | 11 | 0 | 2000 | All 11 in service. |

### Midland Railway Company of Western Australia

(In order of introduction on the Midland railway.)

| MRWA
class | Wheel
arrangement | Fleet
number(s) | Manufacturer
Serial numbers | Year
introduced
MRWA | Quantity
built | Quantity
preserved | Year(s)
withdrawn | Comments |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Steam locomotives | | | | | | | | |
| - | 2-6-2 | 1 | Hawthorn Leslie
2062 | 1895 | 1 | 0 | 1901 | Ex Edward Keane (in service 1888). Named *Walkaway*.
Sold to WA Goldfields Firewood Supply Ltd. |
| - | 0-6-0T | 11, 12 | Hudswell Clarke
381–382 | 1895 | 2 | 0 | 1901–1920 | Ex Edward Keane (in service 1891).
Named *Fremantle* (sold 1920) and *Geraldton* (sold 1901). |
|  | 4-4-0 | B2–B10 | Hawthorn Leslie
2213–2221 | 1895 | 9 | 1 | 1929–1950s | Known as T class until 1921.
B6 preserved, others sold for scrap. |
| - | 2-6-0 | - | James Martin & Co
14 (2nd), 19 | 1895 | 2 | 0 | 1895 | Ex Edward Keane (in service 1891).
Both sold to WAGR. |
|  | 4-4-0 | P62, P63/P12 | James Martin & Co
134–135 | 1912 | 2 | 0 | 1929 | Ex WAGR (in service 1896). Both sold for scrap. |
|  | 4-6-2 | C14–C18 | Kitson & Company
4878–4880, 4884–4885 | 1912 | 5 | 0 | 1954–1963 | All sold for scrap. |
|  | 4-8-0 | D19–D20 | Baldwin
53001–53002 | 1920 | 2 | 0 | 1963 | Both sold for scrap. |
|  | 2-8-2 | A21–A29 | Kitson & Company
5397–5399, 5409–5411, 5429–5431 | 1926 | 9 | 0 | 1957–1958 | All sold for scrap. |
| Narrow Gauge Diesel Locomotives | | | | | | | | |
|  | 0-6-0 | E30 | Commonwealth Engineering | 1957 | 1 | 1 | 1983 | MRWA's only Western Australian built locomotive |
|  | A1A-A1A | F40-F46 | English Electric | 1958 | 7 | 4 | 1984-1985 | Hotham Valley Railway have preserved F40 and F44 while Rail Heritage WA have F43. F41 is also on display at Moora. |
|  | Co-Co | G50-G51 | English Electric | 1963 | 2 | 1 | 1990-1991 | Based upon the British Rail Class 20 |

### Commonwealth Railways

| CR class | Wheel arrangement | Fleet number(s) | Manufacturer Serial numbers | Year introduced | Quantity built | Quantity preserved | Year(s) withdrawn | Comments |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Standard Gauge Steam Locomotives | | | | | | | | |
|  | 4-6-0 | C62–C69 | Walkers Limited | 1938 | 8 | 0 | 1952–1956 | Based on NSWGR C36 class |
| CA | 4-6-0 | CA78–CA79 | Baldwin | 1943 | 2 | 0 | 1945, 1950 | Ex New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad |
| CN | 4-6-0 | CA70–CA77 | MLW | 1942 | 8 | 0 | 1949–1952 | Ex Canadian National |
|  | 4-6-0 | D156–D163 | Beyer, Peacock & Company | 1913 | 6 | 0 | 1920s, 1943 | Ex NSWGR Q class |
|  | 2-6-0 | F55 | Baldwin | 1915 | 1 | 0 | 1921 | Ex NSWGR K class. |
| G/GA | 4-6-0 | G1–G/GA26 | Clyde EngineeringBaldwin/Toowoomba Foundry | 1914 | 26 | 1 | 1925–1956 | Based on NSWGR P class |
|  | 2-8-0 | K27–K34 | North British Locomotive Company | 1916 | 8 | 0 | 1943–1952 | Based on NSWGR T class |
| KA | 2-8-0 | KA35–KA54 KA56–KA61 | Walkers Limited/Perry Engineering | 1919 | 26 | 0 | 1925–1952 | Based on NSWGR TF class. |
|  | 2-8-2 | L80–L89 | Clyde Engineering | 1952 | 10 | 0 | 1959 | Originally built for China based on SAR 700 class. |
| Loco Crane
No.1 | 0-4-0 | - | Hudswell Clarke | 1913 | 1 | 0 | 1953 | Allocated to the WA Division. |
| Standard Gauge Diesel Locomotives | | | | | | | | |
| GM | A1A-A1A/Co-Co | GM1-GM47 | Clyde Engineering | 1951 | 47 | 3 | 1988 | 4 in service, 3 preserved, 14 stored, 26 scrapped. |
| MDH | Co-Co | MDH1-MDH6 | Clyde Engineering | 1958 | 6 | 0 | 1969-1971 | MDH1 named *F. J. Shea* |
| CL | Co-Co | CL1-CL17 | Clyde Engineering | 1970 | 17 | 1 | 1997 | 5 in service, 7 stored, 1 preserved, 2 Overhaul. |

## Other Diesel locomotives

### BHP

(In order of introduction on the Goldsworthy and Mount Newman railways.)

### Cliffs Robe River Iron Associates

(In order of introduction on the Robe River railway.)

### Australian National

(In order of introduction on the Trans-Australian Railway.)

### CBH Group

### Fortescue Metals Group

(In order of introduction on the Fortescue railway.)

### Goldsworthy Mining

(In order of introduction on the Goldsworthy railway.)

### Hamersley Iron

(In order of introduction on the Hamersley railway.)

### Lakewood Firewood Co

### Mineral Resources

### Mount Newman Mining

(In order of introduction on the Mount Newman railway.)

### Pacific National

### Pilbara Iron

### SCT Logistics

### South Spur Rail Services

### Watco Australia

### Notes

* Register of New Zealand Railways Steam Locomotives 1863–1971. Pages 59 & 158. ISBN 0-9582072-1-6

### Primary sources

* State Records Office has a web page with the largest collection of records available about the WAGR.

### Further reading

* Durrant, A E (1978). *Australian Steam*. Newton Abbot, Devon, UK; North Pomfret, Vt, USA: David & Charles. pp. 71–79, 89–101. ISBN 0715376055.
* Finlayson, Don (Ed.), (1986). "Steam Around Perth", Australian Railway Historical Society W.A. Division (Inc), Bassendean, W.A. ISBN 0-9599690-4-7
* Gunzburg, Adrian (1968). *WAGR Locomotives 1940–1968*. Perth: Australian Railway Historical Society (Western Australian Division). OCLC 219836193.
* Gunzburg, Adrian (1984). *A History of WAGR Steam Locomotives*. Perth: Australian Railway Historical Society (Western Australian Division). ISBN 0959969039.
* Gunzburg, Adrian (1989). *The Midland Railway Company Locomotives of Western Australia*. Melbourne: Light Railway Research Society of Australia. ISBN 0909340277.
* McNicol, Steve. (1994) *W.A.G.R. steam locomotives in preservation* Elizabeth, S. Aust. : Railmac Publications. ISBN 0-949817-97-X


title: Perl::Critic

abstract: Perl::Critic is a static code analysis system for the Perl programming language. Perl::Critic is available as a source-code distribution on CPAN. It comes with a commandline tool, perlcritic, which can check Perl source code files and report on the code quality therein. Perl::Critic has an extensible architecture that allows the programmer to choose from many "policies" which enforce different Perl programming styles and tastes. The default policy is largely based on the recommendations in the book Perl Best Practices by Damian Conway. Perl::Critic is based on the PPI parsing library. For safety, PPI does not execute any code while parsing, unlike the Perl compiler, so it is a close approximation of the real parser rather than an exact representation. Some new alternatives include Perl::Lint and B::Lint.

text:
# Perl::Critic

**Perl::Critic** is a static code analysis system for the Perl programming language. Perl::Critic is available as a source-code distribution on CPAN. It comes with a commandline tool, **perlcritic**, which can check Perl source code files and report on the code quality therein. Perl::Critic has an extensible architecture that allows the programmer to choose from many "policies" which enforce different Perl programming styles and tastes. The default policy is largely based on the recommendations in the book Perl Best Practices by Damian Conway.

Perl::Critic is based on the PPI parsing library. For safety, PPI does not execute any code while parsing, unlike the Perl compiler, so it is a close approximation of the real parser rather than an exact representation.

Some new alternatives include Perl::Lint and B::Lint.

## InfoBox

Perl::Critic
| Repository | https://github.com/Perl-Critic/Perl-Critic/ |
| --- | --- |
| Type | static code analysis system for the Perl programming language |
| Website | http://perlcritic.com |


title: Tyssem

abstract: Tyssem is a pop-hip hop French singer and songwriter. She was born in Paris in 1984 and grew up in the south of France, around Toulouse. She later moved back to Paris to pursue her musical career.

text:
# Tyssem

**Tyssem** is a pop-hip hop French singer and songwriter. She was born in Paris in 1984 and grew up in the south of France, around Toulouse. She later moved back to Paris to pursue her musical career.

## Biography

Tyssem's parents separated when she was 4 years old. Her mother died when she was 10 years old. The death profoundly marked her, and she started writing music to help her cope with the pain. She discovered a love for the great singers while spending time at her mother's discothèque.

She knew at 13 years old that she wanted to be a professional singer. Her family encouraged her to finish her studies before pursuing her dream. She tried several styles of music, joining rock and rap groups before deciding to try a solo career.

Her first album, *Une Bombe à la place du Cœur*, was released in January 2008 by Polydor/Universal. Her first single from the album was "Regarde."

She can be heard on the French remix of "The Way I Are" by Timbaland and on the French remix of "Takin' Back My Love" by Enrique Iglesias.

## Sources


title: Mate (naval officer)

abstract: A mate is a deck naval officer aboard a merchant vessel, such as the chief mate, second mate, or third mate. Between 1800 and 1890 "mate" was also the naval rank now known as sub-lieutenant—master. One of the mates is always the watch keeping officer, unless the master takes that responsibility. Each mate also has other duties, such as making the passage planning, overseeing loading and unloading and personnel management. The United States Navy had the rank of mate from the mid-1800s until the early 20th century. Mates in the US Navy were junior warrant officers, originally known as masters mates, who assisted a ship's sailing master. From 1912 to 1931, mate was a commissioned rank within the Royal Navy, for ratings who were selected for a commission through the Mate Scheme. Commissioned mates ranked with sub-lieutenants. In 1931, the scheme was renamed to the Upper Yardman Scheme, and those who selected under it were promoted to sub-lieutenant instead.

text:
# Mate (naval officer)

A **mate** is a deck naval officer aboard a merchant vessel, such as the chief mate (first mate), second mate, or third mate. Between 1800 and 1890 "mate" was also the naval rank now known as sub-lieutenant—master.

One of the mates is always the watch keeping officer, unless the master takes that responsibility. Each mate also has other duties, such as making the passage planning, overseeing loading and unloading and personnel management.

The United States Navy had the rank of mate from the mid-1800s until the early 20th century. Mates in the US Navy were junior warrant officers, originally known as masters mates, who assisted a ship's sailing master.

From 1912 to 1931, mate was a commissioned rank within the Royal Navy, for ratings who were selected for a commission through the Mate Scheme. Commissioned mates ranked with sub-lieutenants. In 1931, the scheme was renamed to the Upper Yardman Scheme, and those who selected under it were promoted to sub-lieutenant instead.

* Eifler, Edgar G. (1960). The Sails and Sails - motor Navy (Naval Architecture Book) Annapolis Academy Navy United States North America Editor.


title: Louis Hippolyte de Lormel

abstract: Louis Hippolyte de Lormel was a French colonial administrator who served as Governor of Guadeloupe from 1864 to 1870, and of Réunion from 1869 to 1875.

text:
# Louis Hippolyte de Lormel

**Louis Hippolyte de Lormel** (19 October 1808 – 31 March 1888) was a French colonial administrator who served as Governor of Guadeloupe from 1864 to 1870, and of Réunion from 1869 to 1875.

## Family

Louis Hyppolite de Lormel was born on 19 October 1808 in Lesina, Dalmatia (now Hvar in Croatia), where his father was a surgeon in the French army of occupation. He was baptized on 26 October 1808. His parents were Alexandre Louis Delormel (ca 1784–1861) and Elisabeth Angelinin (died 1835). His sister was Laure Adèle Delormel (1816–1877). On 21 December 1844, he married Narcisse Joséphine Laurent (died 1872) in Saint-Germain-des-Prés, Paris. They had a child Eugène François Louis de Lormel (1847–1910).

## Career

De Lormel studied law and became a notary. He rose through the ranks of the notarial profession, becoming Clerk Grade 1 around 1930. In 1933 he was living at 36 rue du Cadran in Paris. He served in Algeria from 1841 to 1858. He became a knight of the Legion of Honour in 1851, and later became an Officer and Commander of the Legion of Honour. He was given an honorable mention by the Minister of War for his fight against a cholera epidemic in Algeria. He was stationed in Paris from 1858 to 1859.

## Guadeloupe

On 4 February 1861, Lormel was appointed Director of the Interior of Guadeloupe. On 11 January 1862, Lormel became interim governor in place of General Charles Victor Frébault. Frébault resumed office as governor on 4 July 1862. On 26 February 1864, Joseph Desmazes became interim governor.

Lormel became governor on 19 May 1864. His son, Eugène François Louis Lormel (1847-1910), an army lieutenant, served as his aide-de-camp in 1874-1875. Lormel issued a decree of 18 June 1864 that removed the need for residents to buy and carry an internal passport at all times, subject to a year's labor if found without it, a law that in practice was only enforced for non-whites.

Lormel sent an *Exposé général sur la situation de la Guadeloupe* dated 26 September 1865 to the Ministry of the Navy, a useful source of information on the sugar industry. In September 1865, the island was hit by a violent hurricane, and this was followed by an epidemic of Asian cholera that continued until April 1866. In 1867, the colony had 151,744 inhabitants. It had a railroad 6.3 kilometres (3.9 mi) long.

Lormel appointed the convinced Bonapartist Frédéric Alfred Eggiman as Director of the Interior. Eggiman did not resign until 1873, when it became certain that France would remain a republic. On 7 December 1868, Desmazes again became interim governor of Guadeloupe, holding office until Gabriel Couturier assumed the post of governor on 24 April 1870.

## Réunion

On 31 August 1869, Lormel was appointed Governor of Réunion in place of Rear-Admiral Marie Jules Dupré. Louis Hippolyte de Lormel arrived in Réunion on 27 September 1869 to take over from Laborde, the *commissaire ordonateur*, who had acted as governor since the departure of Rear-Admiral Dupré. He was the first civilian governor on the island. His inauguration on 2 December 1869 was on the first anniversary of the tragic events in Saint Denis, but he avoided serious trouble.

Many of the settlers in Reunion were dissatisfied by the imperial administration's financial management. A telegram of 20 July 1870 arrived on 5 August 1870 and told of the outbreak of war between France and Prussia. News of the fall of the Second French Empire began to trickle into the colony from the start of October 1870. On 2 November 1870, the passenger ship *Emirne* arrived in the bay of Saint-Denis and the news was official. On 3 November 1870, Lormel proclaimed the French Third Republic from the platform decorated with tricolor flags in the Place du Gouvernement. The proclamation was made to a huge crowd, in the presence of leading military and civilian authorities.

On 9 February 1871, a decree was published that allowed a 13 February 1871 election by universal suffrage for the 24 members of the General Council, which first met on 8 March 1871. News of the peace with Prussia arrived on 15 March 1871. Lormel's wife died in Saint Denis on 13 April 1872, and from 21 September to 22 November 1873, Lormel was given leave from his duties. His main achievement while in office was to develop primary education. He created a permanent health services at the end of his term due to the frequent outbreaks of epidemics.

## Last years

Lormel left office at his request on 18 September 1875 and handed over to Laborde as interim governor. Lormel died in Paris on 31 March 1888, and is buried in the Père Lachaise Cemetery, 14th division. The epitaph on his grave reads "*Esprit élevé et libéral. Il a servi la France et aimé sa famille avec passion.*" (With a high and liberal spirit, he served France and loved his family with passion).

## Citations

1. Dragon.
2. Annuaire de la Guadeloupe ... 1903, p. 64.
3. Annuaire de la Guadeloupe ... 1903, p. 57.
4. Infanterie de Marine / 1869.
5. Schoelcher 1872, p. 34.
6. Mignot 2001, p. 84.
7. Martineau & May 1935, p. 226.
8. La famille Dagomel.
9. Lormel, Louis Hippolyte de ... AAPPL.
10. Louis Hippolyte de Lormel : Gourverneur de l'île.
11. Combeau 2002, p. 94.

## Sources

* *Annuaire de la Guadeloupe et dépendances pour l'année 1903*, Basse-Terre: Imprimerie du Gouvernement, 1903
* Combeau, Yvan (2002), "De Bourbon a La Réunion, L'histoire D'une Île (du Xviie au XXe Siècle)", *Hermès, la Revue* (in French) (32–33), C.N.R.S. Editions, doi:10.4267/2042/14363, ISSN 0767-9513, retrieved 2019-10-27
* Dragon, Denis, "Louis Hyppolyte de Lormel", *Geneanet* (in French), retrieved 2019-10-27
* "Infanterie de Marine / 1869", *Ecole Navale* (in French), retrieved 2019-10-27
* "La famille Dagomel", *Généalogie et Histoire de la Caraïbe* (in French), 17 June 2017, retrieved 2019-10-27
* *Lormel, Louis Hippolyte de (1809-1888)* (in French), AAPPL: Association des Amis et Passionnés du Père-Lachaise, retrieved 2019-10-27
* "Louis Hippolyte de Lormel : Gourverneur de l'île", *Le guide de la Réunion* (in French), retrieved 2019-10-27
* Martineau, Alfred; May, L.-Ph. (1935), *Trois Siècles D'histoire Antillaise Martinique et Guadeloupe de 1635 a Nos Jours* (PDF), Pointe-à-Pitre: Société De L'histoire Des Colonies Françaises et Librairie Leroux
* Mignot, Dom. Aimé (October–December 2001), "Le conseil privé du gouverneur aux Antilles" (PDF), *Bulletin de la Société d'Histoire de la Guadeloupe* (in French) (130): 63, doi:10.7202/1043136ar, retrieved 2019-10-27
* Schoelcher, Victor (1872), *L'arrêté Gueydon à la Martinique et l'arrêté Husson à la Guadeloupe* (in French), Paris: Le Chevalier, retrieved 2019-10-27

## InfoBox

| Louis Hippolyte de Lormel | |
| --- | --- |
| 1875 caricature by Frédéric Maydell Legras | |
|  | |
| Governor of Guadeloupe | |
| **In office**
23 April 1864  7 December 1868 | |
| Preceded by | Charles Victor Frébault
Joseph Desmazes (acting) |
| Succeeded by | Joseph Desmazes (acting)
Gabriel Couturier |
| Governor of Réunion | |
| **In office**
27 September 1869  18 September 1875 | |
| Preceded by | Marie Jules Dupré |
| Succeeded by | Pierre Aristide Faron |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1808-10-19)19 October 1808
Lesina, Dalmatia |
| Died | 31 March 1888(1888-03-31) (aged 79)
Paris, France |
| Nationality | French |
|  | |


title: Ted Tally

abstract: Ted Tally is an American playwright and screenwriter. He adapted the Thomas Harris novel The Silence of the Lambs into the film of the same name, for which he received the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay, the Writers Guild of America Award, the Chicago Film Critics Award, and the Edgar Award from the Mystery Writers of America.

text:
# Ted Tally

**Ted Tally** (born April 9, 1952) is an American playwright and screenwriter. He adapted the Thomas Harris novel *The Silence of the Lambs* into the film of the same name, for which he received the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay, the Writers Guild of America Award, the Chicago Film Critics Award, and the Edgar Award from the Mystery Writers of America.

## Career

### Screenwriter

Born William Theodore Tally in North Carolina, Tally was educated at Yale College and the Yale School of Drama, and has also taught at each of them. His most notable credit is the screenplay for *The Silence of the Lambs*, which won him the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay as well as the Writers Guild of America Award, Chicago Film Critics Award and an Edgar Award from the Mystery Writers of America. Other scripts include *White Palace*, *Before and After*, *The Juror*, *All the Pretty Horses*, and *12 Strong*.

After declining to write the screenplay for *Hannibal*, Tally returned to the franchise to write *Red Dragon*. When asked by *Inside Film Online* why he opted not to write the screenplay for *Hannibal*, he responded, "For a lot of reasons. I didn't like the book. The director, Jonathan Demme, and I read it and were horrified. We didn't see how we could make a movie from it that we could be proud of and not feel sleazy about it, without making it a totally different story, which we could have done on our own. It was upsetting because we had a friendship with Tom Harris and felt we owed him a lot. But he was defensive and didn't want anything changed and it was frustrating because it would have been the biggest payday for all of us, putting us up there in Spielberg territory."

### Plays and awards

*Terra Nova* was given a staged reading at the Eugene O'Neill Theater Center and staged at the Yale Repertory Theatre in 1977 and went on to win an Obie Award. It was then given a full production in 1980 at Chichester Festival Theatre as one of the four productions in the 1980 Festival season. *Coming Attractions* won the Outer Critics Circle Award. Tally's plays include *Hooters*, *Little Footsteps*, and *Silver Linings*. His television scripts include *The Comedy Zone*, *Hooters*, *Terra Nova* for BBC, and *The Father Clements Story*, which won him the Christopher Award. His other honors include fellowships from the NEA and the Guggenheim Foundation.

### Other activities

Tally is also credited as an associate producer for *Mission to Mars* (2000), as well as story consultant for *Shrek 2* (2004) and creative consultant for *Madagascar* (2005) and *Shrek the Third* (2007).

## Filmography

### Screenwriter

### Other


title: Osiedle Petrykozy

abstract: Osiedle Petrykozy is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pabianice, within Pabianice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) north-west of Pabianice and 16 km (10 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

text:
# Osiedle Petrykozy

**Osiedle Petrykozy** \[ɔˈɕɛdlɛ pɛtrɨˈkɔzɨ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pabianice, within Pabianice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) north-west of Pabianice and 16 km (10 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

## InfoBox

| Osiedle Petrykozy | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Osiedle Petrykozy | |
| Coordinates: 51°40′42″N 19°19′26″E / 51.67833°N 19.32389°E / 51.67833; 19.32389 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Łódź |
| County | Pabianice |
| Gmina | Pabianice |


title: PerlMonks

abstract:
PerlMonks is a community website covering all aspects of Perl programming and other related topics such as web applications and system administration. It is often referred to by users as 'The Monastery'.
The name PerlMonks, and the general style of the website, is designed to both humorously reflect the almost religious zeal that programmers sometimes have for their favorite language, and also to engender an atmosphere of calm reflection and consideration for other users. Users create discussion topics which other monks can reply to and vote as good or bad. Users have an experience rating (XP) that roughly measures their participation in the PerlMonks website as perceived by the other monks, not necessarily their proficiency in the Perl language. All monks have a 'home node', providing profile information and an area for Monks to personalize. Notable members include the creator of the Perl language, the authors of several well-known Perl books
and the authors of numerous CPAN modules. CPAN authors frequently promote and provide support for their modules
at PerlMonks.

text:
# PerlMonks

***PerlMonks*** is a community website covering all aspects of Perl programming and other related topics such as web applications and system administration. It is often referred to by users as 'The Monastery'. The name PerlMonks, and the general style of the website, is designed to both humorously reflect the almost religious zeal that programmers sometimes have for their favorite language, and also to engender an atmosphere of calm reflection and consideration for other users.

Users (referred to as monks) create discussion topics which other monks can reply to and vote as good or bad. Users have an experience rating (XP) that roughly measures their participation in the PerlMonks website as perceived by the other monks, not necessarily their proficiency in the Perl language. All monks have a 'home node', providing profile information and an area for Monks to personalize.

Notable members include the creator of the Perl language, the authors of several well-known Perl books and the authors of numerous CPAN modules. CPAN authors frequently promote and provide support for their modules at PerlMonks.

## Features

The site has tutorials, reviews, Q&A, poetry, obfuscated code, as well as sections for code snippets and entire scripts and modules.

Generally, the section of the site with the most traffic is Seekers of Perl Wisdom, where users of all experience levels ask Perl-related questions. Some questions are from beginners trying to understand the basics of the language, while others are from seasoned veterans looking for methods to improve upon algorithms or to optimize performance. Those who provide answers are also of varying experience levels.

Much of the site's content consists of specific code examples. Some of these examples are for Perl's core features, as documented on the official Perl documentation website (http://perldoc.perl.org). Other examples are for the Comprehensive Perl Archive Network (CPAN), which is a repository for Perl libraries (known as modules) that are not part of the core Perl distribution.

The code that the site runs on is a much hacked fork of an early version of the Everything Engine and was created by Nathan Oostendorp as part of Blockstackers Intergalactic — the firm that also ran Slashdot. As a result, PerlMonks has many features in common with both Everything2 and Slashdot like its strong emphasis placed on user feedback.

Another feature that PerlMonks retains from Everything is the Chatterbox, which is a text chat area at the side of every page. Logged-in users can type in anything they want, and it appears for all users to see. Talk in the chatterbox is often Perl related, and various tools (written in Perl) have been written to improve the chatterbox experience. Some come to PerlMonks primarily for the chatterbox. Others find the chatterbox distracting and turn it off.