title: Vale of Edale

abstract:
The Vale of Edale is the upper valley of the River Noe, in the Derbyshire Peak District of England. The village of Edale lies in the middle of the valley.
Edale Head, on the Kinder Scout plateau, is the source of the River Noe. The River Noe flows out of the foot of the Vale of Edale into Hope Valley, past the village of Hope and through Brough-on-Noe, where the Romans established Navio fort. On the north side of the valley is the Kinder moorland plateau. On the south side is the ridge of Rushup Edge and Great Ridge, over Mam Tor and Hollins Cross to Lose Hill. The other settlements in the valley are the hamlets of Upper Booth, Barber Booth and Nether Booth. The Hope Valley railway line runs along the Vale of Edale. The train line, built by Midland Railway, and Edale railway station were opened in 1894. At the western end of the Vale of Edale the line heads through the 3.4 kilometres (2.1 mi) long Cowburn Tunnel at Dale Head, under the moorland hill of Brown Knoll.Edale is the start of the Pennine Way long distance footpath, which runs from Derbyshire to Scotland. The trail heads west through Upper Booth and up Jacob's Ladder footpath to the Kinder plateau. At the foot of Jacob's ladder is a gritstone packhorse bridge, with a single span which crosses the River Noe. It is a designated Grade II structure. The bridge is on an important medieval packhorse route over the Pennine moorland between Hayfield and Edale. Salt and cheese from Cheshire and cotton from the Lancashire mills were transported to the east, while coal and lead were carried to the west. Doctor's Gate Roman road ran along the hillside at the eastern end of the valley. The land along the banks of the River Noe between Barber Booth and Jacob's Ladder is protected as Edale SSSI. The banks and riverbed contain important fossils from the rocks known as Edale Shales. There are kestrels, buzzards and curlews in the valley. The trees along the hillsides include birch, rowan and alder. Jacob's ladder footpath runs across land that is owned and managed by the National Trust. It is also part of the Kinder Scout SSSI, which was designated as a National Nature Reserve in 2009.

text:
# Vale of Edale

The **Vale of Edale** is the upper valley of the River Noe, in the Derbyshire Peak District of England. The village of Edale lies in the middle of the valley.

Edale Head, on the Kinder Scout plateau, is the source of the River Noe (a tributary to the River Derwent). The River Noe flows out of the foot of the Vale of Edale into Hope Valley, past the village of Hope and through Brough-on-Noe, where the Romans established Navio fort.

On the north side of the valley is the Kinder moorland plateau. On the south side is the ridge of Rushup Edge and Great Ridge, over Mam Tor and Hollins Cross to Lose Hill. The other settlements in the valley are the hamlets of Upper Booth, Barber Booth and Nether Booth.

The Hope Valley railway line (Manchester to Sheffield) runs along the Vale of Edale. The train line, built by Midland Railway, and Edale railway station were opened in 1894. At the western end of the Vale of Edale the line heads through the 3.4 kilometres (2.1 mi) long Cowburn Tunnel at Dale Head, under the moorland hill of Brown Knoll.

Edale is the start of the Pennine Way long distance footpath, which runs from Derbyshire to Scotland. The trail heads west through Upper Booth and up Jacob's Ladder footpath to the Kinder plateau. At the foot of Jacob's ladder is a gritstone packhorse bridge, with a single span which crosses the River Noe. It is a designated Grade II structure. The bridge is on an important medieval packhorse route over the Pennine moorland between Hayfield and Edale. Salt and cheese from Cheshire and cotton from the Lancashire mills were transported to the east, while coal and lead were carried to the west. Doctor's Gate Roman road ran along the hillside at the eastern end of the valley.

The land along the banks of the River Noe between Barber Booth and Jacob's Ladder is protected as Edale SSSI (Site of Special Scientific Interest). The banks and riverbed contain important fossils from the rocks known as Edale Shales. There are kestrels, buzzards and curlews in the valley. The trees along the hillsides include birch, rowan and alder. Jacob's ladder footpath runs across land that is owned and managed by the National Trust. It is also part of the Kinder Scout SSSI, which was designated as a National Nature Reserve in 2009.

1. *OL1 Dark Peak Area* (Map). 1:25000. Explorer. Ordnance Survey.
2. "Navio Roman Fort, Brough". Wonders of the Peak. 17 August 2017. Retrieved 17 March 2020.
3. "The Hope Valley Line" (PDF). *Today's Railways UK magazine issue 121 p.42-48*. Retrieved 29 November 2020.
4. Wainwright, Alfred (2004). *Pennine Way Companion*. Frances Lincoln. pp. 169–171. ISBN 978-0711222359.
5. "Walking in the Peak District: Day one". *National Trust*. Retrieved 27 November 2020.
6. Historic England. "PACKHORSE BRIDGE AT FOOT OF JACOBS LADDER (1096620)". *National Heritage List for England*. Retrieved 29 November 2020.
7. "MNA112649 | National Trust Heritage Records". *heritagerecords.nationaltrust.org.uk*. Retrieved 29 November 2020.
8. "SSSI detail". *designatedsites.naturalengland.org.uk*. Retrieved 29 November 2020.
9. "Dark Peak SSSI detail". *designatedsites.naturalengland.org.uk*. Retrieved 27 November 2020.
10. "Kinder Scout designated a national nature reserve". *The Guardian*. 11 October 2009. Retrieved 27 November 2020.

## InfoBox

| Vale of Edale | |
| --- | --- |
| Looking east from Horsehill Tor | |
| Length | c.7 kilometres (4 mi) |
| Width | c.2 kilometres (1 mi) |
| Depth | c.300 metres (984 ft) |
| Geography | |
| Location | Derbyshire, England |
| Coordinates | 53°22′08″N 1°51′27″W / 53.3688°N 1.8574°W / 53.3688; -1.8574 |
| Rivers | River Noe |


title: Mount Carmel Area High School

abstract: Mount Carmel Area High School is located at 600 West 5th Street, Mount Carmel, Northumberland County, Pennsylvania. In 2016, enrollment was 420 pupils in 9th through 12th grades. The school employed 39 teachers. It is the sole high school operated by the Mount Carmel Area School District. High school students may choose to attend the Northumberland County Career Technology Center for training in the construction and mechanical trades. In 2016, 76 MCAHS pupils attended the CTC school. For the 2014–15 school year, several Mount Carmel resident students chose to enroll in public, cyber charter schools, rather than attend the district's high school. There is also a high bullying rate, with not much control, 10:1 student to teacher The Central Susquehanna Intermediate Unit IU16 provides the district with a wide variety of services like: specialized education for disabled students; state mandated training on recognizing and reporting child abuse; speech and visual disability services; criminal background check processing for prospective employees and professional development for staff and faculty.

text:
# Mount Carmel Area High School

**Mount Carmel Area High School** is located at 600 West 5th Street, Mount Carmel, Northumberland County, Pennsylvania. In 2016, enrollment was 420 pupils in 9th through 12th grades. The school employed 39 teachers. It is the sole high school operated by the Mount Carmel Area School District.

High school students may choose to attend the Northumberland County Career Technology Center for training in the construction and mechanical trades. In 2016, 76 MCAHS pupils attended the CTC school. For the 2014–15 school year, several Mount Carmel resident students chose to enroll in public, cyber charter schools, rather than attend the district's high school. There is also a high bullying rate, with not much control, 10:1 student to teacher

The Central Susquehanna Intermediate Unit IU16 provides the district with a wide variety of services like: specialized education for disabled students; state mandated training on recognizing and reporting child abuse; speech and visual disability services; criminal background check processing for prospective employees and professional development for staff and faculty.

## Extracurriculars

The Mount Carmel Area School District offers a variety of clubs, activities and an extensive sports program. Mount Carmel Area School District operates an indoor pool which it rents to the general public for pool parties.

### Sports

The district funds:

Boys Girls * Basketball - AAA
* Cross country - AA
* Golf - AA
* Soccer - A
* Swimming and diving - AA
* Track and field - AA

Junior high school sports Boys * Basketball
* Cross country
* Football
* Track and field
* Wrestling

Girls * Basketball
* Cross country
* Softball
* Track and field

* According to PIAA directory July 2017

## InfoBox

| Mount Carmel Area High School | |
| --- | --- |
| Shows a portion of Mount Carmel ASD | |
| Address | |
|  | |
| 600 West 5th Street
Mount Carmel, Northumberland County, Columbia County, Pennsylvania 17851
United States | |
| Coordinates | 40°47′28″N 76°25′19″W / 40.7912°N 76.4220°W / 40.7912; -76.4220 |
| Information | |
| Type | Public |
| Principal | Mrs. Lisa Varano |
| Faculty | 32 teachers (2021) |
| Grades | 9-12 |
| Number of pupils | 425 pupils (2021) |
| Language | English |
| Mascot | Tornadoes |
| Website | http://www.mca.k12.pa.us/ |


title: Nigeria–Turkey relations

text:
# Nigeria–Turkey relations

Diplomatic relations at the legation level were established in 1960 and then to the rank of ambassador in 1958. Turkey opened an embassy in Lagos, then capital of Nigeria in 1962. Turkish embassy moved to Abuja in 2001 after Nigeria's proclamation of Abuja as the new capital. Nigeria has an embassy in Ankara.

Nigeria and Turkey cooperate through their membership to OIC and D-8.

## Diplomatic Relations

Turkey and Nigeria were pro-Western on most issues but Nigeria mainly sided with the Arab World against Israel, which was Turkey's closest ally in the Middle East at the time.

Until Nigerian Civil War, Nigeria and Turkey had very strong relations. This strong relationship became much weaker after the coup and Nigerian Civil War when Turkey took a position of neutrality in Nigerian Civil War and refused to sell arms to the federation. The relationship improved in the early 1990s through close cooperation in foreign policy.

The two countries cooperated during the Gulf crisis that began with Iraq's invasion of Kuwait in the summer of 1990. Both countries kept a low profile by being an active supporter of UN policy and declining to send troops to engage in the Persian Gulf.

## Presidential Visits

| Guest | Host | Place of visit | Date of visit |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| President Abdullah Gül | President Goodluck Jonathan | D-8 Summit, Abuja | July 2010 |
| President Goodluck Jonathan | President Abdullah Gül | Çankaya Köşkü, Ankara | February 2011 |
| President Goodluck Jonathan | President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan | Çankaya Köşkü, Ankara | January 8, 2015 |
| President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan | President Muhammadu Buhari | Aso Villa, Abuja | March 1-3, 2016 |
| President Muhammadu Buhari | President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan | Presidential Complex, Ankara | October 19, 2017 |
|

## Economic Relations

## InfoBox

Nigeria-Turkey relations
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  |  |
|
Nigeria |
Turkey |
|  | |


title: Şotlanlı, Qubadli

abstract: Şotlanlı is a village in the Qubadli Rayon of Azerbaijan.

text:
# Şotlanlı, Qubadli

39°18′N 46°43′E / 39.300°N 46.717°E / 39.300; 46.717

**Şotlanlı** (also, **Shotlanly** and **Shotulany**) is a village in the Qubadli Rayon of Azerbaijan.

## InfoBox

| Şotlanlı | |
| --- | --- |
| Şotlanlı | |
| Coordinates: 39°18′N 46°43′E / 39.300°N 46.717°E / 39.300; 46.717 | |
| Country | Azerbaijan |
| Rayon | Qubadli |
| Time zone | UTC+4 (AZT) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+5 (AZT) |


title: ZNF10

abstract: Zinc finger protein 10 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF10 gene.

text:
# ZNF10

**Zinc finger protein 10** is a protein that in humans is encoded by the *ZNF10* gene.

## Function

The protein encoded by this gene contains a C2H2 zinc finger, and has been shown to function as a transcriptional repressor. The Kruppel-associated box (KRAB) domain of this protein is found to be responsible for its transcriptional repression activity. RING finger containing protein TIF1 was reported to interact with the KRAB domain, and may serve as a mediator for the repression activity of this protein.

## Interactions

ZNF10 has been shown to interact with TRIM28.

## Further reading

*This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.*

## InfoBox

| ZNF10 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Identifiers | | | |
| Aliases | ZNF10, KOX1, zinc finger protein 10 | | |
| External IDs | OMIM: 194538; HomoloGene: 130674; GeneCards: ZNF10; OMA:ZNF10 - orthologs | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
| Orthologs  Species **Human** **Mouse**  Entrez   Ensembl   UniProt   RefSeq (mRNA)     NM\_015394   n/a   RefSeq (protein)     NP\_056209   n/a   Location (UCSC) Chr 12: 133.13 – 133.16 Mb n/a  PubMed search  n/a | | | |
| Wikidata | | | |
| View/Edit Human | | | |


title: Trivirostra boswellae

abstract: Trivirostra boswellae is a species of small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Triviidae, the false cowries or trivias.

text:
# Trivirostra boswellae

***Trivirostra boswellae*** is a species of small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Triviidae, the false cowries or trivias.

## InfoBox

| *Trivirostra boswellae* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Littorinimorpha |
| Family: | Triviidae |
| Genus: | *Trivirostra* |
| Species: | ***T. boswellae*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Trivirostra boswellae***<br>Cate, 1979 | |
|


title: Sisters on Track

abstract: Sisters on Track is a 2021 American documentary film made for Netflix and directed by Tone Grøttjord-Glenne and Corinne van der Borch. Its story follows sisters and track and field athletes Tai, Rainn, and Brooke Sheppard as they navigate the obstacles of living in a homeless shelter with their single mother. The film was released on June 24, 2021.

text:
# Sisters on Track

***Sisters on Track*** is a 2021 American documentary film made for Netflix and directed by Tone Grøttjord-Glenne and Corinne van der Borch. Its story follows sisters and track and field athletes Tai, Rainn, and Brooke Sheppard as they navigate the obstacles of living in a homeless shelter with their single mother. The film was released on June 24, 2021.

1. "Watch Sisters on Track | Netflix Official Site". *www.netflix.com*. Retrieved 2021-12-15.
2. Pham, Annika (2021-04-21). "Co-Helmers of Netflix's 'Sisters on Track' Talk Sheppard Sisters, Girl Power (EXCLUSIVE)". *Variety*. Retrieved 2021-12-15.
3. "Sisters on Track | 2021 Tribeca Festival". *Tribeca*. Retrieved 2021-12-15.
4. "'Sisters on Track' stars surprised with college education funds on 'The View'". *ABC News*. Retrieved 2021-12-15.

## InfoBox

| Sisters on Track | |
| --- | --- |
| Promotional poster | |
| Directed by | Tone Grøttjord-Glenne
Corinne van der Borch |
| Written by | Sean Gullette |
| Produced by | Tone Grøttjord-Glenne
Anita Rehoff Larsen |
| Starring | * Tai Sheppard * Rainn Sheppard * Brooke Sheppard |
| Cinematography | Derek Howard |
| Edited by | * Cheree Dillon * Andrew Doga * Sloane Klevin |
| Music by | Mark Batson |
| Distributed by | Netflix |
| Release date | * June 24, 2021 (2021-06-24) |
| Running time | 96 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: Zelo Surrigone

abstract: Zelo Surrigone is a comune (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Milan in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 15 kilometres (9 mi) southwest of Milan. The church of Santa Giuliana (1418) has frescoes from the 15th and 16th centuries.

text:
# Zelo Surrigone

**Zelo Surrigone** (Milanese: *Zel*) is a *comune* (municipality) in the Metropolitan City of Milan in the Italian region Lombardy, located about 15 kilometres (9 mi) southwest of Milan.

The church of Santa Giuliana (1418) has frescoes from the 15th and 16th centuries.

## InfoBox

| Zelo Surrigone | |
| --- | --- |
| *Comune* | |
| Comune di Zelo Surrigone | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location of Zelo Surrigone | |
| Zelo SurrigoneLocation of Zelo Surrigone in ItalyZelo SurrigoneZelo Surrigone (Lombardy) | |
| Coordinates: 45°23′N 8°59′E / 45.383°N 8.983°E / 45.383; 8.983 | |
| Country | Italy |
| Region | Lombardy |
| Metropolitan city | Milan (MI) |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Gabriella Raimondo |
| Area | |
| Total | 4.4 km2 (1.7 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 113 m (371 ft) |
| Population (31 December 2017) | |
| Total | 1,849 |
| Density | 420/km2 (1,100/sq mi) |
| Demonym | Zelesi |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 20080 |
| Dialing code | 02 |
| Website | Official website |


title: Terry Thomas (athlete)

abstract: Terry Ricardo Thomas is a Jamaican track and field athlete who specializes in middle-distance running. Representing Jamaica at the 2019 World Athletics Championships, he won a silver medal in men's 4 × 400 metres relay with the Jamaican team.

text:
# Terry Thomas (athlete)

**Terry Ricardo Thomas** (born 1 May 1997) is a Jamaican track and field athlete who specializes in middle-distance running. Representing Jamaica at the 2019 World Athletics Championships, he won a silver medal in men's 4 × 400 metres relay with the Jamaican team.

## InfoBox

Terry Thomas
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Terry Ricardo Thomas |
| Nationality | Jamaican |
| Born | (1997-05-01) 1 May 1997 |
| Sport | |
| Country | Jamaica |
| Sport | Athletics |
| Event | 400 metres |
| Medal record      Men's track and field  Representing  Jamaica  World Championships  2019 Doha 4×400 m relay  World U20 Championships  2016 Bydgoszcz 4×400 m relay | |


title: Uwe Grabe

abstract: Uwe Grabe is a German athlete. He competed in the men's shot put at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City and finished seventh, he then won a bronze medal at the Summer Universiade two years later.

text:
# Uwe Grabe

**Uwe Grabe** (born 15 October 1942) is a German athlete. He competed in the men's shot put at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City and finished seventh, he then won a bronze medal at the Summer Universiade two years later.

## Personal life

In 1972, Grabe retired due to a shoulder injury and went on to get educated in civil engineering and worked for the town of Cottbus, Brandenburg, Germany, in the construction office.

After German reunification, he constructed the building engineering office in Cottbus, Brandenburg, and then became the technical inspector for the animal park in Cottbus.

1. Uwe Grabe at olympics.com
2. Uwe Grabe at Olympedia

## InfoBox

Uwe Grabe
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | German |
| Born | (1942-10-15) 15 October 1942 |
| Height | 192 cm (6 ft 4 in) |
| Weight | 112 kg (247 lb) |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Athletics |
| Event | Shot put |
| Retired | 1972 |
| Achievements and titles | |
| Personal best | 20.50 (1972) |


abstract: Mount Carmel Cemetery is a Catholic cemetery in the Chicago suburb of Hillside, Illinois. Mount Carmel is an active cemetery, located within the Archdiocese of Chicago. It is located near the Eisenhower Expressway at Wolf and Roosevelt Roads. Another Catholic cemetery, Queen of Heaven, is located immediately south of Mount Carmel, across Roosevelt Road. Mount Carmel Cemetery was consecrated in 1901 and is currently 214 acres (0.87 km⁲) in size. It maintained its own office until 1965, when it combined operations with Queen of Heaven Cemetery. There are more than 226,275 remains at Mount Carmel and about 800 remains are interred there annually. Mount Carmel Cemetery is also the final resting place of numerous local organized crime figures, the most notorious being Al Capone. In all, the cemetery grounds contain over 400 family mausoleums. Many remains at the cemetery are people of Italian ancestry. The cemetery contains hundreds of headstones and monuments adorned with statues and elaborate engravings of religious figures such as Jesus, The Blessed Mother and many saints as well as angels. Many of the tombstones contain photographs of the inhabitants, reflecting a custom common in Italian cemeteries. The cemetery contains Commonwealth war graves of two World War I soldiers of the Canadian Army.

text:
# Mount Carmel Cemetery (Hillside, Illinois)

**Mount Carmel Cemetery** is a Catholic cemetery in the Chicago suburb of Hillside, Illinois. Mount Carmel is an active cemetery, located within the Archdiocese of Chicago. It is located near the Eisenhower Expressway (Interstate 290) at Wolf and Roosevelt Roads. Another Catholic cemetery, Queen of Heaven, is located immediately south of Mount Carmel, across Roosevelt Road.

Mount Carmel Cemetery was consecrated in 1901 and is currently 214 acres (0.87 km2) in size. It maintained its own office until 1965, when it combined operations with Queen of Heaven Cemetery. There are more than 226,275 remains at Mount Carmel and about 800 remains are interred there annually.

Mount Carmel Cemetery is also the final resting place of numerous local organized crime figures, the most notorious being Al Capone. In all, the cemetery grounds contain over 400 family mausoleums.

Many remains at the cemetery are people of Italian ancestry. The cemetery contains hundreds of headstones and monuments adorned with statues and elaborate engravings of religious figures such as Jesus, The Blessed Mother and many saints as well as angels. Many of the tombstones contain photographs of the inhabitants, reflecting a custom common in Italian cemeteries.

The cemetery contains Commonwealth war graves of two World War I soldiers of the Canadian Army.

## Mausoleum of the Bishops and Archbishops of Chicago

The structure informally known as the Bishops' Mausoleum, designed by architect William J. Brinkmann, is located at Mount Carmel Cemetery and is the final resting places of the Bishops and Archbishops of Chicago; its formal name is the Mausoleum and Chapel of the Archbishops of Chicago, and it is the focal point of the entire cemetery, standing on high ground. The mausoleum was commissioned by Archbishop James Quigley and was constructed between 1905 and 1912. The roughly rectangular-shaped mausoleum has a stepped pyramidal roof surmounted by a statue of the Archangel Gabriel sounding his trumpet at the moment of the final resurrection. The mausoleum is designed as a Romanesque building outside with a domed Romanesque Classical chapel inside, complete with altar, religious murals, clerestory windows providing light, and the crypts flanking the altar on either side. The Papal and U.S. flags also flank the altar. Brinkmann did not design the lavish interior, however, although he was more than capable, as evidenced by his interior for Our Lady of Sorrows Basilica. Instead, Archbishop Quigley engaged one of the foremost religious architects of the day, Aristide Leonori, the noted for his 1899 design of the Mount St. Sepulchre Franciscan Monastery in Washington, D.C., as well as the interiors of early 20th century Mediterranean churches. For the mausoleum chapel interior, Leonori relied heavily on the use of marble and mosaics to give the chapel a Roman look while still referencing Celtic, Nordic and Slavic saints in the design, thus reflecting the archdiocese's many ethnic groups and national churches.

The most recent interment was the body of Cardinal Joseph Bernardin after his death in 1996 from liver and pancreatic cancer. Cardinal Bernardin had visited the chapel a few months before his death to select the site of his own crypt; choosing a spot to one side of the late Cardinal John Cody. Bernardin was said to have remarked, "I've always been a little left of Cody."

## Notable people buried at Mount Carmel

Below is a partial listing of interments in Mount Carmel Cemetery.

### Notable interments

### Organized crime

## Funeral train service

| Mount Carmel | |
| --- | --- |
| Former Chicago Aurora and Elgin Railroad interurban station | |
| General information | |
| Location | Section 37 near Section 17, Mount Carmel Cemetery near Wolf Road |
| History | |
| Opened | March 18, 1906 |
| Closed | Passenger service ended October 31, 1926, last funeral train run in 1934 |
|  | |
|  | |
| Former services | |
| Preceding station Chicago Aurora and Elgin Railroad Following station  *Terminus*  Mount Carmel Branch  Oak Ridgetoward Bellwood | |
|  | |
|  | |

The Chicago Aurora and Elgin Railroad, an interurban linking Chicago with its western suburbs, began construction of a branch line to serve Mount Carmel and Oak Ridge Cemeteries. The terminal at Mount Carmel was located inside the cemetery grounds at section 37 and was constructed during February 1906 for an opening on March 18. The branch, usually single-track, split into two tracks at the Cemetery, whose station included a primary and secondary platform. In addition to funeral trains, the branch offered daily shuttles between Mount Carmel and Bellwood operating at 30-minute intervals during weekdays. On Sundays and holidays, direct service from the Wells Street Terminal in downtown Chicago was provided.

The Westchester branch opened on October 1, 1926, near where the Mount Carmel branch ran. This led to passenger service being discontinued on October 31 in favor of a bus line connecting to the Westchester branch at Roosevelt. Funeral service continued, but the cemetery no longer wished to have a station in it and a new one was constructed on the opposite side of Wolf Road for funeral parties; this was itself demolished in the late 1930s, as express service from Wells Street was discontinued in 1931 and the last funeral train is thought to have run in July 1934.

## InfoBox

| Mount Carmel Cemetery | |
| --- | --- |
| The Bishops' Mausoleum at Mount Carmel Cemetery. | |
|  | |
| Details | |
| Established | 1901 |
| Location | Hillside, Illinois |
| Country | United States |
| Coordinates | 41°51′51″N 87°54′27″W / 41.86417°N 87.90750°W / 41.86417; -87.90750 |
| Type | Roman Catholic |
| Owned by | Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Chicago |
| Size | 214 acres (0.87 km2) |
| No. of graves | 226,000+ |
| Website | Mount Carmel |
| Find a Grave | Mount Carmel Cemetery |


title: Nigerian pound

abstract: The pound was the currency of Nigeria between 1907 and 1973. Until 1958, Nigeria used the British West African pound, after which it issued its own currency. The pound was subdivided into 20 shillings, each of 12 pence. The Nigerian pound, at parity with sterling with free convertibility, was replaced in 1973 with the decimal naira at a rate of £1 = ₦2, making Nigeria the last country to abandon the pre-decimal £sd currency system.

text:
# Nigerian pound

The **pound** was the currency of Nigeria between 1907 and 1973. Until 1958, Nigeria used the British West African pound, after which it issued its own currency. The pound was subdivided into 20 shillings, each of 12 pence. The Nigerian pound, at parity with sterling with free convertibility, was replaced in 1973 with the decimal *naira* at a rate of £1 = ₦2, making Nigeria the last country to abandon the pre-decimal £sd currency system.

## Coins

Coins were issued in 1959 in denominations of 12, 1, 3 and 6 pence, 1 and 2 shillings. The 12d and 1d coins were holed and struck in bronze. The 3d coin, minted in nickel-brass, was a smaller version of the distinctive twelve-sided threepenny bits that were used in the UK, Fiji and Jersey. The higher denominations were struck in cupro-nickel.

## Banknotes

In 1918, emergency issues were made by the government in denominations of 1/–, 10/– and 20/–. In 1959, the Central Bank of Nigeria introduced notes in denominations of 5/– and 10/–, £1 and £5. Three series of notes were issued–in 1958, 1967 and in 1968.

## InfoBox

Nigerian pound
| Unit | |
| --- | --- |
| Symbol |  |
| Denominations | |
| Subunit |  |
| 120 | shilling |
| 1240 | penny |
| Symbol |  |
| shilling | s or /– |
| penny | d |
| Banknotes | 5/–, 10/–, £1, £5 |
| Coins | 12d, 1d, 3d, 6d, 1/–, 2/– |
| Demographics | |
| Replaced | British West African pound |
| Replaced by | Nigerian naira |
| User(s) | Nigeria |
| Issuance | |
| Central bank | Central Bank of Nigeria |
| Website | www.cenbank.org |
| *This infobox shows the latest status before this currency was rendered obsolete.* | |


title: Neutral amino acid transporter A

abstract: Neutral amino acid transporter A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC1A4 gene. In humans, it is expressed in the brain, lung, skeletal muscle, intestine and kidney.

text:
# Neutral amino acid transporter A

**Neutral amino acid transporter A** is a protein that in humans is encoded by the *SLC1A4* gene. In humans, it is expressed in the brain, lung, skeletal muscle, intestine and kidney.

## Function

The transporter is responsible for transport of L-serine, D-serine, L-alanine, L-cysteine, and L-threonine.

## Pathology

Mutations of the gene cause a disease called spastic tetraplegia, thin corpus callosum, and progressive microcephaly (SPATCCM). This disorder is inherited in an autosomal recessive fashion.

## Interactions

In melanocytic cells SLC1A4 gene expression may be regulated by MITF.

## Further reading

*This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.*

## InfoBox

| SLC1A4 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Identifiers | | | |
| Aliases | SLC1A4, ASCT1, SATT, solute carrier family 1 member 4 | | |
| External IDs | OMIM: 600229; MGI: 2135601; HomoloGene: 20655; GeneCards: SLC1A4; OMA:SLC1A4 - orthologs | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
| Orthologs  Species **Human** **Mouse**  Entrez   Ensembl   UniProt   RefSeq (mRNA)     NM\_001135581
NM\_001193493
NM\_003038
NM\_001348406
NM\_001348407   NM\_018861   RefSeq (protein)     NP\_001180422
NP\_003029
NP\_001335335
NP\_001335336   NP\_061349   Location (UCSC) Chr 2: 64.99 – 65.02 Mb Chr 11: 20.25 – 20.28 Mb  PubMed search | | | |
| Wikidata | | | |
| View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse | | | |


title: Yuri Pokalchuk

abstract: Yuri Pokalchuk was a Ukrainian writer, translator, researcher, candidate of philological sciences, and head of the international department of the Writers' Union of Ukraine. He was the older brother of the writer and psychologist Oleg Pokalchukand a member of the literary group "The Dogs of Saint Yur". Additionally, he was an organizer and leader of the musical group "Lights of a big city" which performed songs set to his texts.

text:
# Yuri Pokalchuk

**Yuri Pokalchuk** was a Ukrainian writer, translator, researcher, candidate of philological sciences, and head of the international department of the Writers' Union of Ukraine. He was the older brother of the writer and psychologist Oleg Pokalchukand a member of the literary group "The Dogs of Saint Yur". Additionally, he was an organizer and leader of the musical group "Lights of a big city" which performed songs set to his texts.

## Biography

Yuri Pokalchuk was born on 24 January 1941 in Kremenets. His father was the dialectologist and local history expert Volodimir Pokalchuk. Pokalchuk's childhood and adolescence were spent in Lutsk, where he graduated from school and from the Lutsk Pedagogical Institute. Later he transferred to Leningrad University (Department of Oriental languages, Indology). Since 1969 he lived in Kyiv.

Since 1976 — a member of the Writers' Union of Ukraine.

From 1994 until 1998 — the head of the foreign branch of the Union of Writers of Ukraine.

From 1997 until 2000 — president of the Association of Ukrainian Writers.

From 2000 until 2002 — Member of the National Council on Television and Radio.

Since 2007 — a member of STAN (art-group).

Died from cancer on September 10, 2008, in Kyiv.

In the Soviet Union Pokalchuk was one of the first translators of the works by Jorge Luis Borges. Translated by Ernest Hemingway, J. D. Salinger, Julio Cortázar, Jorge Amado, Mario Vargas Llosa, Rudyard Kipling and Arthur Rimbaud and many others. He knew 11 foreign languages, including Polish, English, Spanish, and French. He published works of literary criticism, 5 poetry collections, 15 collections of novellas and short stories, the novel "And now, and always", and a book "Ukrainians in Great Britain". His work "Modern Latin American Prose" (1978) was in Soviet times the only Ukrainian-language monograph on Latin American literature.

## Works

* *Who Are You?*
* *We have always*
* *Color tone*
* *Coffee*Matagalpa
* *Wonderful*Time
* *Sabre and the Arrow* (2003)
* *Moderato*
* *Lake wind*
* *The fact that the bottom*
* *Taxi Blues* (2003)
* *Ring Road* (2004)
* *Forbidden Games* (2005)
* *Giddy smell Jungle* (2005)
* *Hooligans* (2006)
* *Do not step on Love* (2007)
* *Kama Sutra*(Collected Works) (2007).

## Literary studies

* *Lonely generation*
* *Towards a new consciousness*
* *Contemporary Latin American fiction.*


title: Loška Gora pri Zrečah

abstract: Loška Gora pri Zrečah is a settlement above the right banks of the Dravinja River in the Municipality of Zreče in northeastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Savinja Statistical Region.

text:
# Loška Gora pri Zrečah

**Loška Gora pri Zrečah** (pronounced \[ˈloːʃka ˈɡɔːɾa pɾi ˈzɾeːtʃax\]) is a settlement above the right banks of the Dravinja River in the Municipality of Zreče in northeastern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Savinja Statistical Region.

## Name

Until 1998, the name of the village was simply *Loška Gora*. The settlement was attested in 1279 as *Luchsperch* and the name is derived from the common noun *log* 'wooded low-lying meadow; woods'. The name therefore literally means 'wooded mountain', and the epithet *pri Zrečah* 'near Zreče' distinguishes it from other settlements with the same name.

## Castle

Remains of a 13th-century castle known as Lušperk Castle, also referred to as *Loški grad*, can be seen on a hill northwest of the settlement.

## InfoBox

| Loška Gora pri Zrečah Loška Gora (until 1998) | |
| --- | --- |
| Loška Gora pri ZrečahLocation in Slovenia | |
| Coordinates: 46°23′40.21″N 15°21′44.27″E / 46.3945028°N 15.3622972°E / 46.3945028; 15.3622972 | |
| Country | Slovenia |
| Traditional region | Styria |
| Statistical region | Savinja |
| Municipality | Zreče |
| Area | |
| Total | 2.53 km2 (0.98 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 714 m (2,343 ft) |
| Population (2002) | |
| Total | 161 |
| Climate | Cfb |
|  | |


title: Siti Aisyah Alias

abstract: Siti Aisyah Binti Haji Alias is a Malaysian marine polar researcher and lecturer. As of August 2016, she is Associate Professor and Director of the National Antarctic Research Centre (NARC) in the Malaysian Antarctic Research Programme (MARP), at the University of Malaya. Her work focuses on the physiology of marine and polar microbes and fungi.

text:
# Siti Aisyah Alias

**Siti Aisyah Binti Haji Alias** (born March 25, 1966) is a Malaysian marine polar researcher and lecturer. As of August 2016, she is Associate Professor and Director of the National Antarctic Research Centre (NARC) in the Malaysian Antarctic Research Programme (MARP), at the University of Malaya. Her work focuses on the physiology of marine and polar microbes and fungi.

## Early life and education

Alias was born on March 25, 1966, in Malaysia. She studied at Tunku Ampuan Durah from 1981 to 1983. She graduated from the University of Malaya, Malaysia with a BSc in Ecology in 1991. She earned a PhD in marine mycology at the University of Portsmouth in 1996. She returned to Malaysia to work as a lecturer at the Institute of Biological Sciences, UM, and started a research program on marine mycology, later pursuing polar research on fungal diversity and enzymology. In 2015, she was transferred to Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences (IOES).

## Career and impact

Since 2001, Alias has been the Deputy Director of the National Antarctic Research Centre (NARC) and Malaysian Antarctic Research Programme (MARP). She is a National Delegate member for the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) representing Malaysia, Committee Member for the Asian Forum on Polar Science (AFOPS) and a Task Force Member, Academy of Science Malaysia for the Malaysian Antarctic Program.

As a principal investigator for MARP, her scientific research fields include fungal biodiversity and phylobiogeography, antimicrobial activity and cold-adapted enzymes and biochemistry of Antarctic microbes. Her strong commitment to the development of the Malaysian national Antarctic research community, and Malaysia's standing within both SCAR and the Antarctic Treaty System, is illustrated by her establishment of important international collaborations with several national Antarctic Institutes and research communities, including those of Ecuador, Australia, Chile, Poland and the United Kingdom. She also has significant field experience in the Antarctic and Arctic, participating in several polar research expeditions (2000-2010).

She is assisting the development of Malaysia's Antarctic policies and practices following the country's recent accession to the Antarctic Treaty, under a grant from Ministry of Higher Education for the development of Science and Policy in Antarctica (2011-2016). She will lead a Higher Institute of Centre of Excellence project on "Latitudinal Differences in Response and Adaptation of Microbes to Atmospheric Changes", at the Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences (IOES), University of Malaya.

## Awards and honours

Siti Aisyah Alias was awarded Fellow of Science (FSc) by Academy of Sciences Malaysia (ASM) (2018) and the National Young Scientist Award, Ministry of Science, Technology and Environmental, Malaysia (2001), a Science and Technology Research Grant from the Toray Science Foundation (2005), and a Fellowship from the United Nations University, Tokyo, Japan, UNESCO, Paris (2008).

## InfoBox

| Siti Aisyah Alias | |
| --- | --- |
| Siti Aisyah Alias | |
| Born | Siti Aisyah Binti Haji Alias<br>(1966-03-25) March 25, 1966 |
| Nationality | Malaysian |
| Alma mater | University of Malaya |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Polar mycology |
| Institutions | National Antarctic Research Centre, University of Malaya |
|  | |


title: Zhang Huiqiang

abstract: Zhang Huiqiang is a Chinese racewalker. He competed in the men's 50 kilometres walk at the 1996 Summer Olympics.

text:
# Zhang Huiqiang

**Zhang Huiqiang** (simplified Chinese: 张会强; traditional Chinese: 張會強; pinyin: *Zhāng Huìqiáng*; born 14 October 1976) is a Chinese racewalker. He competed in the men's 50 kilometres walk at the 1996 Summer Olympics.

## InfoBox

Zhang Huiqiang
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | Chinese |
| Born | (1976-10-14) 14 October 1976 |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Athletics |
| Event | Racewalking |


abstract: Vale of Tears: Revisiting the Canudos Massacre in Northeastern Brazil, 1893–1897 is a book by historian Robert M. Levine published by the University of California Press in 1992. The book goes into detail of the Massacre that occurred in the Northeastern state of Bahia. Focused on the events from 1893-1897, the book looks at the life of Antônio Conselheiro and the city that he created. Antônio Conselheiro was a Brazilian religious leader, preacher, and the creator of Canudos, the scene of the War of Canudos (1896-1897). This war was between the state of Brazil and the 30,000 settlers that followed Antônio Conselheiro. After multiple confrontations the central government brutally took control of the city killing more than 15,000 people and destroying what was left of the town.

text:
# Vale of Tears: Revisiting the Canudos Massacre

***Vale of Tears: Revisiting the Canudos Massacre in Northeastern Brazil, 1893–1897*** is a book by historian Robert M. Levine published by the University of California Press in 1992. The book goes into detail of the Massacre that occurred in the Northeastern state of Bahia. Focused on the events from 1893-1897, the book looks at the life of Antônio Conselheiro and the city that he created. Antônio Conselheiro was a Brazilian religious leader, preacher, and the creator of Canudos, the scene of the War of Canudos (1896-1897). This war was between the state of Brazil and the 30,000 settlers that followed Antônio Conselheiro. After multiple confrontations the central government brutally took control of the city killing more than 15,000 people and destroying what was left of the town.

## Synopsis

Robert M. Levine's aim in this book is to look past the world view of Canudos and actually look at all the dimensions- at the local, state, regional, and national levels; and to understand Conselheiro's movement and his vision on their own terms. In 1888 slavery was abolished in Brazil and by 1889 Brazil underwent major changes within their government. They had changed from a monarchy to a republic and with that came a big change economically and politically. The state of Bahia suffered because of the changes that were being made and this allowed for people to take control and lead. Conselheiro unhappy with the government decided to go around to all local cities within the state. During the day he would repair that towns church or their local graveyard. After a long days work he would preach about God and that judgement day is coming but would also make political statements as well. He was known to be a monarchist and thought that the idea of a republic would fail. Most of the people listening to him speak were illiterate and lived a hard life out in the brutal conditions of Northeastern Brazil. Many of the former slaves or ancestors of slaves. He was a brilliant speaker and could captivate an audience like nothing anyone had seen.

Soon people started following him and they then created Canudos in 1893. Rumors of a crazed man leading a group of fanatics in northern Brazil soon consumed the nation. Hundreds of different newspapers were created depicting these people as crazy armed savages. This was largely because Euclides da Cunha and his writing. He wrote the book Os Sertões, a piece of literature that is a cornerstone in Brazilian literacy. Da Cunha's book depicts the people of Canudos as insane and violent. Canudos while having this bad reputation was actually quite nice compared to the rest of the backlands. Unlike many other cities Canudos lived relatively crime free. Prostitution, use of any substances including tobacco and alcohol were banned and could mean prison sentences. While food and water was always needed they had enough to supply the people unlike many other cities. Conselheiro would work during the day repairing churches and doing daily activities. He lived a modest life living just as all others did.

Being a radical religious leader Conselheiro had made enemies with both the Catholic church and the central government. For his own safety he felt the need to hire armed body guards called by the people Jagunço. Fame had grown of Canudos and because of this the government sent 30 armed men there to see if they were any real threat. The body guards confused by the armed men opened fire and a gun fight broke out. Conselheiro made it out alive. The incident caused panic and the central government wanted Canudos gone. in 1896 the federal government planned a second attack, this time with over 100 men. At this point in Canudos the population is at its peak with over 30,000 residence and almost 5,000 homes. They attacked once again and were met by 500 armed men. The government suffered many casualties and were forced to retreat. By now the myth of this town had spread all throughout Brazil. A third attack with over 800 men came to Canudos but this result was just the same. After being forced to retreat 3 times the Brazilian government had, had enough and sent 8,000 men under the command of General Artur Oscar de Andrade Guimarães. This led to the brutal murders of over 15,000 settlers and the death of Conselheiro.

## Critical reception

Reviewed by Jeffrey D. Needell in the *Journal of Church and State* 35 (1993): 910-911.

Reviewed by Jeff Lesser in the *Journal of Latin American Studies* 25 (1993): 397-398.

1. *Vale of Tears*.
2. Levine, Robert M. *Vale of tears: revisiting the Canudos massacre in northeastern Brazil, 1893-1897*. Berkeley, Calif.: Univ. of California Press, 2006.
3. Needell, J. D. (1993-10-01). "Vale of Tears: Revisiting the Canudos Massacre in Northeastern Brazil, 1893-1897. By Robert M. Levine. Berkeley, Calif.: University of Cal. Press, 1992. 353 pp. $45.00". *Journal of Church and State*. **35** (4): 910–911. doi:10.1093/jcs/35.4.910. ISSN 0021-969X.
4. Lesser, Jeff (1993). "Levine Robert M., Vale of Tears: Revisiting the Canudos Massacre in Northeastern Brazil, 1893–1897 (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1992). PP. xii + 352, $45.00". *Journal of Latin American Studies*. **25** (2): 397–398. doi:10.1017/S0022216X0000479X. ISSN 1469-767X. S2CID 145088155.

## InfoBox

Vale of Tears: Revisiting the Canudos Massacre in Northeastern Brazil, 1893-1897
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Robert M. Levine |
| Language | English |
| Genre | Non-fiction |
| Published | 1992 |
| Publisher | University of California Press |
| Publication place | United States |
| Media type | Print (hardback & paperback) |
| ISBN | 978-0-520-20343-3 |


title: Morris House (Washington, D.C.)

abstract: The Morris House is an historic building located at 4001 Linnean Drive, Northwest, Washington, D.C., in the Forest Hills neighborhood, next to Rock Creek Park.

text:
# Morris House (Washington, D.C.)

The **Morris House** is an historic building located at 4001 Linnean Drive, Northwest, Washington, D.C., in the Forest Hills neighborhood, next to Rock Creek Park.

## History

The Jacobethan style house was designed by Porter and Lockie in 1939, for Edgar and Beronica Morris. It is owned by the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

It was designated a DC landmark on May 27, 2010. It was assessed at $3,668,860, in 2010.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Morris House | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | 4001 Linnean Drive, N.W., Washington, District of Columbia |
| Coordinates | 38°56′28″N 77°3′14″W / 38.94111°N 77.05389°W / 38.94111; -77.05389 |
| Architect | Porter and Lockie |
| Architectural style | Jacobethan |
| NRHP reference No. | 10000750 |
| Added to NRHP | March 14, 2011 |


title: Nigerian refugees

abstract: Nigerian refugees are persons originating from the country of Nigeria, but seeking refuge outside the borders of their native country. Nigeria has a refugee crisis which has extended for almost a decade, mainly due to the insurgency in Northern Nigeria by the Boko Haram. The number of internally displaced that have arisen from insecurity and insurgency in Northern Nigeria is perhaps one of the highest in the world.

text:
# Nigerian refugees

**Nigerian refugees** are persons originating from the country of Nigeria, but seeking refuge outside the borders of their native country. Nigeria has a refugee crisis which has extended for almost a decade, mainly due to the insurgency in Northern Nigeria by the Boko Haram.

The number of internally displaced that have arisen from insecurity and insurgency in Northern Nigeria is perhaps one of the highest in the world.

## Nigerian refugees in Niger

Refugees from Nigeria fleeing violence from Boko Haram are living with local populations in the Diffa Region, Niger. As of June 11, 2014, "The International Rescue Committee (IRC) estimates that as many as 1,000 refugees a week are crossing the border into Niger's Diffa region. Four out of five are women and girls. The IRC estimates that if the violence continues in northern Nigeria, up to 100,000 refugees could be living in Diffa by the end of the year."

## Nigerian refugees in Cameroon

As of October 30, 2013, IRIN reports:

> "There are a large number of Nigerian refugees in Cameroon's Far North Region, The United Nations High Commission for Refugees on Tuesday. February 12, 2019 said it would relocate Nigerian refugees from Kousseri, a city in Far North Region, to a camp, where urgent shelter and sanitation construction were already underway. it was added that once screening was completed, the relocation would bring the total number of Nigerian refugees in Cameroon to nearly 66,000, of whom 41,571 refugees had already been verified by UNHCR.
>
> Speaking at a briefing in Geneva, Adrian Edwards for the UNHCR said the relocation convoys from the border to Kousseri will begin Wednesday.the UNHCR would organize daily transfers of 2,000 refugees to the camp. At Minawao, the UNHCR would provide basic relief aid, like blankets, kitchen sets and soap. The camp is currently hosting 32,621 Nigerian refugees.
>
> Many of the Nigerians who have fled into Cameroon prefer to stay with friends and family near the border areas.
>
> The refugee population fleeing from Boko Haram are scattered in very inaccessible localities in the north of Cameroon, and many who refuse to be registered and stay in camps are still at the mercy of the \[Boko Haram\] sect, and are seen as threat to local security," said UNHCR's Hamon.
>
> Authorities fear the lack of registration could ease Boko Haram infiltration into the country.


title: Žižice

abstract: Žižice is a municipality and village in Kladno District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 800 inhabitants.

text:
# Žižice

**Žižice** is a municipality and village in Kladno District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 800 inhabitants.

## Administrative parts

The village of Drnov, Luníkov, Osluchov and Vítov are administrative parts of Žižice.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1869 | 773 |  |
| 1880 | 884 | +14.4% |
| 1890 | 905 | +2.4% |
| 1900 | 1,008 | +11.4% |
| 1910 | 1,039 | +3.1% |
| 1921 | 1,004 | −3.4% |
| 1930 | 931 | −7.3% |
| 1950 | 699 | −24.9% |
| 1961 | 669 | −4.3% |
| 1970 | 570 | −14.8% |
| 1980 | 476 | −16.5% |
| 1991 | 505 | +6.1% |
| 2001 | 513 | +1.6% |
| 2011 | 597 | +16.4% |
| 2021 | 721 | +20.8% |
| Source: Censuses | | |

## InfoBox

| Žižice | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Common in Žižice | |
|  | |
| ŽižiceLocation in the Czech Republic | |
| Coordinates: 50°14′47″N 14°9′14″E / 50.24639°N 14.15389°E / 50.24639; 14.15389 | |
| Country | Czech Republic |
| Region | Central Bohemian |
| District | Kladno |
| First mentioned | 1318 |
| Area | |
| Total | 12.07 km2 (4.66 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 234 m (768 ft) |
| Population (2024-01-01) | |
| Total | 762 |
| Density | 63/km2 (160/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal codes | 273 21, 273 25, 274 01 |
| Website | www.zizice.cz |


title: Zamia encephalartoides

abstract: Zamia encephalartoides is a species of plant in the family Zamiaceae. It is endemic to Colombia. It is threatened by habitat loss. It is found in only two locations in Santander, Colombia, which are near the Chicamocha River and Umpala River.

text:
# Zamia encephalartoides

***Zamia encephalartoides*** is a species of plant in the family Zamiaceae. It is endemic to Colombia. It is threatened by habitat loss. It is found in only two locations in Santander, Colombia, which are near the Chicamocha River and Umpala River.

## InfoBox

| *Zamia encephalartoides* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Vulnerable  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Gymnospermae |
| Division: | Cycadophyta |
| Class: | Cycadopsida |
| Order: | Cycadales |
| Family: | Zamiaceae |
| Genus: | *Zamia* |
| Species: | ***Z. encephalartoides*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Zamia encephalartoides***
D.W. Stev | |
|


title: Troszyn, Gryfino County

abstract: Troszyn is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Mieszkowice, within Gryfino County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland, close to the German border. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) east of Mieszkowice, 54 km (34 mi) south of Gryfino, and 72 km (45 mi) south of the regional capital Szczecin. For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

text:
# Troszyn, Gryfino County

**Troszyn** \[ˈtrɔʂɨn\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Mieszkowice, within Gryfino County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland, close to the German border. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) east of Mieszkowice, 54 km (34 mi) south of Gryfino, and 72 km (45 mi) south of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

## InfoBox

| Troszyn | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Troszyn | |
| Coordinates: 52°46′17″N 14°33′41″E / 52.77139°N 14.56139°E / 52.77139; 14.56139 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | West Pomeranian |
| County | Gryfino |
| Gmina | Mieszkowice |
| Elevation | 70 m (230 ft) |
| Population | 658 |


title: Tephritis thoracica

abstract: Tephritis thoracica is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in the genus Tephritis of the family Tephritidae.

text:
# Tephritis thoracica

***Tephritis thoracica*** is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in the genus *Tephritis* of the family Tephritidae.

## Distribution

New Zealand.

## InfoBox

| *Tephritis thoracica* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Tephritidae |
| Subfamily: | Tephritinae |
| Tribe: | Tephritini |
| Genus: | *Tephritis* |
| Species: | ***T. thoracica*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Tephritis thoracica***<br>Malloch, 1931 | |
|


title: Vaadhdivsachya Haardik Shubhechcha

abstract: Vaadhdivsachya Haardik Shubhechcha is a 2014 Marathi language comedy film written and directed by Deepak Naidu. The film is presented by Wave Cinemas. It features Ankush Choudhary and Madhu Sharma in lead roles while Kaivalya Latkar, Sanjay Khapre, Pushkar Shrotri, Sushant Shelar, Hemangii Kavi, Jaywant Wadkar, Rajesh Bhosle and Shashikant Kerkar in supporting roles. The film is about a day in Subodh Kudmude's life that happens to be his birthday and on the same day he strikes a fortune. It released on 15 August 2014.

text:
# Vaadhdivsachya Haardik Shubhechcha

***Vaadhdivsachya Haardik Shubhechcha*** (meaning *Happy Birthday*) is a 2014 Marathi language comedy film written and directed by Deepak Naidu. The film is presented by Wave Cinemas. It features Ankush Choudhary and Madhu Sharma in lead roles while Kaivalya Latkar, Sanjay Khapre, Pushkar Shrotri, Sushant Shelar, Hemangii Kavi, Jaywant Wadkar, Rajesh Bhosle and Shashikant Kerkar in supporting roles. The film is about a day in Subodh Kudmude's life that happens to be his birthday and on the same day he strikes a fortune. It released on 15 August 2014.

## Plot

A Birthday calls for celebration and of course receiving gifts. Most gifts score high on emotions, some gifts are valuable and a few are priceless. However the protagonist, Subodh Kudmude, strikes a fortune on one of his birthdays and becomes a millionaire overnight. The man is very happy and he starts believing that this is an end to his financial struggle and the life ahead is all smooth. However we all are aware that every fortune comes with the clause "Condition Applied". Subodh Kudmude soon realizes that the fortune comes as a package: in addition to five crores, he receives a few freebies that include a troublesome inspector, an annoying NGO agent, a South Indian Don and a dead body that claims to be Mr. Subodh Kudmude.

Suddenly the one that seemed to be his best birthday ever is turning to be a nightmare. However we still wish him "Vaadhdivsachya Haardik Shubhechcha".

## Cast

* Ankush Choudhary as Subodh Kudmude
* Madhu Sharma as Medha Kudmude
* Kaivalya Latkar as Harishchandra Kudmude
* Sanjay Khapre as Anthony Aghashe
* Pushkar Shrotri as Samar
* Sushant Shelar as Vinay
* Hemangii Kavi as Vinita
* Jaywant Wadkar as Anna
* Rajesh Bhosle as Ramesh
* Shashikant Kerkar as Suresh

## InfoBox

| Vaadhdivsachya Haardik Shubhechcha | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | Deepak Naidu |
| Screenplay by | Shirish Latkar |
| Story by | Deepak Naidu |
| Produced by | Raju Chadha
Lekhraj Siraswar
Samir Aftab
Deepak Naidu |
| Starring | Ankush Choudhary
Madhu Sharma
Kaivalya Latkar
Sanjay Khapre
Pushkar Shrotri
Sushant Shelar
Hemangii Kavi
Jaywant Wadkar
Rajesh Bhosle
Shashikant Kerkar |
| Cinematography | Arvind Singh |
| Music by | Moksh
Nakash Aziz |
| Production
companies | Wave Cinemas Ponty Chadha
Celluloid Logic Pictures |
| Distributed by | Wave Cinemas Distribution |
| Release date | * 15 August 2014 (2014-08-15) |
| Country | India |
| Language | Marathi |


abstract: Mount Zion Township is located in Macon County, Illinois. As of the 2010 census, its population was 7,131 and it contained 2,878 housing units. In 2009, Milam Township to the south was merged into Mount Zion Township.

text:
# Mount Zion Township, Macon County, Illinois

**Mount Zion Township** is located in Macon County, Illinois. As of the 2010 census, its population was 7,131 and it contained 2,878 housing units. In 2009, Milam Township to the south was merged into Mount Zion Township.

## Cities and towns

## Adjacent townships

## Geography

According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of 66.58 square miles (172.4 km2), of which 66.56 square miles (172.4 km2) (or 99.97%) is land and 0.01 square miles (0.026 km2) (or 0.02%) is water.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2016 (est.) | 7,097 |  |  |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |

1. "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". Retrieved June 9, 2017.
2. "Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - County -- County Subdivision and Place -- 2010 Census Summary File 1". United States Census. Archived from the original on February 12, 2020. Retrieved May 28, 2013.
3. "Boundary Change Notes". United States Census Bureau. January 1, 2010. Retrieved July 3, 2011.
4. "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2016.

39°44′N 88°52′W / 39.733°N 88.867°W / 39.733; -88.867

## InfoBox

| Mount Zion Township | |
| --- | --- |
| Township | |
| The Eli Ulery House, a historic site in the township | |
| Location in Macon County | |
| Macon County's location in Illinois | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Illinois |
| County | Macon |
| Settlement | November 8, 1859 |
| Area | |
| Total | 66.58 sq mi (172.4 km2) |
| Land | 66.56 sq mi (172.4 km2) |
| Water | 0.01 sq mi (0.03 km2)  0.02% |
| Population (2010) | |
| Estimate (2016) | 7,097 |
| Density | 107.1/sq mi (41.4/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (CST) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| FIPS code | 17-115-51219 |


title: Nikki Cooley

abstract: Nikki Cooley is the co-manager for the Institute for Tribal Environmental Professional's Tribes' Climate Change Program and is the first Navajo person to gain a river rafting guide license for the Grand Canyon.

text:
# Nikki Cooley

**Nikki Cooley** is the co-manager for the Institute for Tribal Environmental Professional's Tribes' Climate Change Program and is the first Navajo person to gain a river rafting guide license for the Grand Canyon.

## Early life and education

Nikki Cooley grew up on the Navajo Nation reservation in Shonto, Arizona, a small community with just over 500 residents, about two hours away from Flagstaff. The home she lived in with her grandparents did not have electricity, and the nearest source of drinking water was 15 mi (24 km) away. This, as well as her time spent outside herding sheep, riding horses, and growing corn and squash on the reservation, sparked her love of the environment and value for natural resources . When she was in elementary school, she started writing letters to people in power, including senators and representatives.

As a child, Cooley was not initially expected to attend college. However, she enrolled at Northern Arizona University (NAU) as the first member of her immediate family to get higher education at a college or university. At NAU she received her bachelors and masters of Forestry, working extensively with tribes across the county, including the Cherokee Tribe of North Carolina, in order to learn about traditional indigenous knowledge. Cooley continued to University of Michigan for post-graduate studies in Fisheries and Wildlife though she is not currently pursuing a PhD.

## Career

Cooley works for the Institute for Tribal Environmental Professionals (ITEP), an organization that assists all federally-recognized tribes in sustainable resource management. She is a co-manager for ITEP's Tribes and Climate Change Program, which involves providing science, tools, assistance, and training for tribes across the country who are looking for support. This incorporates traditional indigenous knowledge and could be in the form of webinars, in-person training, or conferences, depending on the individual needs of the tribes. She also offers climate adaptation plan templates that make the process of adaptation planning more straightforward and manageable.

### Public engagement

On top of her career as a co-manager for ITEPs Tribal Climate Change Program, Cooley also works as a river rafting guide in the Grand Canyon. She was the first Navajo woman to be certified as a river guide for the Grand Canyon. The Grand Canyon National park encompasses the original territory of 11 Native American tribes, and is of great importance for these communities. Yet, there was a lack of education and cultural interpretation of the rivers for visitors regarding both its history and current significance to the 11 tribes. She felt that these tribes deserved to have their stories shared, so she decided to address this issue. This led to Cooley starting a training program at Northern Arizona University in 2008 with the mission of incorporating more Native American individuals into the industry as river guides. At this point, the university had already been gifted a river permit by the president of Arizona Raft Adventures on the San Juan, and over fifty guides have been certified there since.

She was also an advocate for Save the Confluence, a Navajo organization whose goal was to protect the Grand Canyon from the Escalade. The Escalade was a gondola complex that would bring an influx of tourists to the confluence, an estimated 5,000-10,000 people a day, disrupting the serene area and causing environmental degradation. The confluence is an area that many Native Americans hold sacred and is central to many origin stories. Thanks to the work of Cooley and many others, the Escalade is no longer a threat to the Grand Canyon.

## InfoBox

| Nikki Cooley | |
| --- | --- |
| Alma mater | B.A. and M.A. - Northern Arizona University |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Institutions | Institute for Tribal Environmental Professionals |
|  | |


title: İlayda Çevik

abstract: İlayda Çevik is a Turkish actress. She is best known for playing Maya in the television series, Karagül. Çevik was born in Balikesir. Cevik's first theater performance was a children's play called Children's Playground and she made her feature film debut in the film in 2015 with the film Kızım İçin, which starred Yetkin Dikinciler, Eda Ece, İnci Türkay and Berke Üzrek.

text:
# İlayda Çevik

**İlayda Çevik** (born 22 December 1994) is a Turkish actress. She is best known for playing Maya in the television series, *Karagül*. Çevik was born in Balikesir.

Cevik's first theater performance was a children's play called *Children's Playground* and she made her feature film debut in the film in 2015 with the film *Kızım İçin*, which starred Yetkin Dikinciler, Eda Ece, İnci Türkay and Berke Üzrek.

## Filmography

Television

| Title | Role | Year | Network |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *Karagül* | Maya Şamverdi | 2013–2016 | Fox Turkey |
| *İsimsizler* | Yıldız Keskin | 2017 | Kanal D |
| *Savaşçı* | Gülayşe | 2017 | Fox Turkey |
| *Sen Anlat Karadeniz* | Berrak Yılmaz | 2018–2019 | atv |
| *Gel Dese Aşk* | Bahar Çetin | 2020 | atv |
| *Sen Çal Kapımı* | Balca Koçak | 2020–2021 | Fox Turkey |
| *Bir Zamanlar Çukurova* | Betül Arcan | 2021–2022 | atv |
| *Tuzak* | Luna | 2022– | TV8 |

Films

| Year | Title | Role |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2013 | *Kızım İçin* | Ayça |
| 2017 | *Niyazi Bey* |  |

Music videos

| Year | Artist | Title |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2017 | "Barış Bölükbaşı" | "My Name is Peace" |

## InfoBox

| İlayda Çevik | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1994-12-22) 22 December 1994<br>Balikesir, Turkey |
| Education | Theater |
| Occupation | Actress |
| Years active | 2013–present |
| Notable work | *Karagül*, *Sen Anlat Karadeniz* |


title: Zamia fairchildiana

abstract: Zamia fairchildiana is a species of plant in the family Zamiaceae. It is found in southeastern Costa Rica and Panama. In Costa Rica, it is found around the Sierpe River and Claro River, and on Burica Peninsula, Puntarenas Province. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.

text:
# Zamia fairchildiana

***Zamia fairchildiana*** is a species of plant in the family Zamiaceae. It is found in southeastern Costa Rica and Panama. In Costa Rica, it is found around the Sierpe River and Claro River, and on Burica Peninsula, Puntarenas Province. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.

## InfoBox

| *Zamia fairchildiana* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Near Threatened  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Gymnospermae |
| Division: | Cycadophyta |
| Class: | Cycadopsida |
| Order: | Cycadales |
| Family: | Zamiaceae |
| Genus: | *Zamia* |
| Species: | ***Z. fairchildiana*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Zamia fairchildiana***
L.D.Gómez | |
|


title: Trochocarpa clarkei

abstract: Trochocarpa clarkei, commonly known as lilac berry, is a species of flowering plant in the family Ericaceae. It is a dense, often low-lying shrub with oblong leaves and bisexual flowers arrange in dense flowering spikes, usually on old wood, with maroon and green petals joined at the base to from an urn-shaped to bell-shaped tube with dense tufts of hairs in the throat. The fruit is a bluish-purple drupe.

text:
# Trochocarpa clarkei

***Trochocarpa clarkei***, commonly known as **lilac berry**, is a species of flowering plant in the family Ericaceae. It is a dense, often low-lying shrub with oblong leaves and bisexual flowers arrange in dense flowering spikes, usually on old wood, with maroon and green petals joined at the base to from an urn-shaped to bell-shaped tube with dense tufts of hairs in the throat. The fruit is a bluish-purple drupe.

## Description

*Tracocarpa clarkei* is a dense, often low-lying shrub that grows to a height of up to about 30 cm (12 in) and sometimes forms roots at the nodes. The leaves are oblong to elliptic, 3–11 mm (0.12–0.43 in) long 1.2–3.5 mm (0.047–0.138 in) wide and glabrous, the lower surface a paler shade of green with 3 to 7 more or less parallel veins. The flowers are bisexual and borne in dense spikes of 5 to 11, usually on old wood, with a bract 1.0–1.6 mm (0.039–0.063 in) wide and 2 bracteoles 1–2 mm (0.039–0.079 in) long under the sepals. The sepals are egg-shaped, 2–3 mm (0.079–0.118 in) long and the petals are joined at the base to form an urn-shaped to bell-shaped tube 2.5–4 mm (0.098–0.157 in) long. The petal tube is maroon, green at the base, 2.5–4 mm (0.098–0.157 in) long with lobes 2–3 mm (0.079–0.118 in) long. The anthers protrude beyond the end of the petal tube. The fruit is a flattened spherical, bluish-purple drupe about 7–8 mm (0.28–0.31 in) long.

## Taxonomy

This species was first formally described in 1855 by Ferdinand von Mueller who gave it the name *Decaspora clarkei* in his paper *Definitions of rare or hitherto undescribed Australian plants*, from specimens collected in "shady ravines at Mount Wellington, half buried in decaying leaves". In 1867, von Muller transferred the species to *Trochocarpa* as *T. clarkei* in his *Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae*. The specific epithet (*clarkei*) honours Andrew Clarke, "President of the Philosophical Society".

## Distribution and habitat

Lilac berry is endemic to alpine and sub-alpine areas of Victoria in Australia, usually growing near rocks, or in sheltered areas under snow gums (*Eucalyptus pauciflora*).

## Ecology

The fruits of lilac berry appear in autumn, about 8 mm (0.31 in) in diameter and are eaten by small mammals and birds.

## InfoBox

| *Trochocarpa clarkei* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| In the Alpine National Park | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Ericales |
| Family: | Ericaceae |
| Genus: | *Trochocarpa* |
| Species: | ***T. clarkei*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Trochocarpa clarkei***<br>(F.Muell.) F.Muell. | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Decaspora clarkei* F.Muell. | |


title: Zerna Sharp

abstract: Zerna Addas Sharp was an American educator and book editor who is best known as the creator of the Dick and Jane series of beginning readers for elementary school-aged children. Published by Scott, Foresman and Company of Chicago, Illinois, the readers, which described the activities of her fictional siblings, "Dick," "Jane," "Sally," and other characters, were widely used in schools in the United States and many other English-speaking countries for nearly forty years. The series, which included such titles as We Look and See, We Come and Go, We Work and Play, and Fun with Dick and Jane, among others, was marketed until 1973 and used the look-say method of teaching reading.

text:
# Zerna Sharp

**Zerna Addas Sharp** (August 12, 1889 – June 17, 1981) was an American educator and book editor who is best known as the creator of the Dick and Jane series of beginning readers for elementary school-aged children. Published by Scott, Foresman and Company of Chicago, Illinois, the readers, which described the activities of her fictional siblings, "Dick," "Jane," "Sally," and other characters, were widely used in schools in the United States and many other English-speaking countries for nearly forty years. The series, which included such titles as *We Look and See*, *We Come and Go*, *We Work and Play*, and *Fun with Dick and Jane*, among others, was marketed until 1973 and used the look-say method of teaching reading.

## Early life and education

Zerna Addas Sharp was born on August 12, 1889, to Charles and Lottie (Smith) Sharp in Hillisburg, Clinton County, Indiana, and was the eldest of the family's five children. Zerna's father owned a general store in Hillisburg. After graduating from high school she completed a year of teacher training at Marion Normal College (Indiana Wesleyan University) in Marion, Indiana, but never earned a degree, and later attended Columbia University in New York City.

## Career

### Early years

Sharp began her career as an educator. She taught first-grade students for nearly a decade at elementary schools in Hillisburg, Kirklin, and La Porte, Indiana. Sharp also served as an elementary school principal.

### Creator of the Dick and Jane readers

Sharp created the characters and concept for the Dick and Jane readers, which were widely used in classrooms in the United States and in other English-speaking countries for nearly four decades before they were replaced with other reading texts. She came up with the idea for the beginning readers for elementary school children while working as a reading consultant and textbook editor for Scott, Foresman and Company, a publisher in Chicago, Illinois.

William Scott Gray (1885–1960), director of the Curriculum Foundation Series at Scott Foresman and dean of the University of Chicago's college of education, hired Sharp to develop the characters for the readers and to combine her approach with his ideas for a process of learning to read. Sharp noted the reduced reading ability of children and urged the development of a new reading format for primers; Gray's research focused on methods to improve reading instruction using content that would be of interest to children and develop their word-recognition skills. Gary and Sharp wanted children who read the books to be able to readily identify with the characters. They also wanted the characters in the stories to participate in typical activities. Before the appearance of the Dick and Jane stories, reading primers "generally included Bible stories or fairy tales with complicated language and few pictures."

Sharp was not the author or illustrator of the texts. As the creator of the Dick and Jane beginning readers, Sharp designed the format and content. She also selected the storylines from ideas that others submitted. Gray co-authored with William H. Elson the *Elson Basic Readers* (renamed the *Elson-Gray Basic Readers* in 1936), which Scott Foresman published in Chicago, Illinois. The "Dick" and "Jane" characters, created by Sharp, made their debut in the series in 1930. After the Elson-Gray series ended in 1940, Sharp's characters continued in a subsequent series of primary readers that were better known as the "Dick and Jane" readers.

Sharp worked with Gray to create the characters and primary readers that incorporated his input and used the whole-word or look-say method of word recognition (also called sight reading). The look-say method used a controlled vocabulary and taught readers to memorize the words through repetition, placing limited emphasis on teaching phonics. Teacher guides accompanying the texts also encouraged adoption of the whole-word (look-say) method of identifying the meaning of words from the illustrations and repeating words introduced in the text.

### Content developer

Sharp felt that the watercolor illustrations and texts should work together to provide stories that young readers would relate to and help them learn to read more easily. The text introduced a repetitive pattern of words; the illustrations provided visual reinforcements to help students understand the meaning of the words. Sharp suggested that primers introduce to new readers only one new word on each page and only five new words in each individual story. The Dick and Jane primers adhered to this format.

Sharp worked with illustrator Eleanor B. Campbell, who did most of the illustrations for the Dick and Jane readers, and others to produce and edit the content. In addition, Sharp named the characters in the stories and supervised the layout and illustrations. Sharp, who never married, referred to the two main characters, "Dick" and "Jane," as her children. These names were chosen because they were easy to sound out. To make sure language in the texts were authentic, Sharp also observed children playing and listened to their speech patterns.

The Dick and Jane reading series taught reading as well as American middle-class values to school-aged children. The storylines that Sharp selected described the lives and experiences of a stereotypical American middle-class, white family in a two-parent suburban home that included three children and two pets. "Father" wore a suit, worked in an office, mowed the lawn, and washed the car. "Mother" stayed at home, did housework, and raised the children. "Dick," the oldest of the family's three children, was active and well-behaved. "Jane," the second oldest child, was pretty and carefree. She also helped care for the youngest sibling, a baby sister named "Sally." The family dog was named "Spot;" their cat was named "Puff." The fictional family's suburban home was surrounded with a white picket fence. Because the readers were made for nationwide distribution, the text and illustrations intentionally lacked references to specific regional geography such as mountains, rivers, lakes, plains, or the seashore.

### Response to criticisms

The Dick and Jane readers, which included titles such as *We Look and See*, *We Come and Go*, *We Work and Play*, and *Fun with Dick and Jane*, among others, monopolized the market for several decades and reached the height of their popularity in the 1950s, when 80 percent of first-grade students in the United States were learning to read though the Dick and Jane stories. However, in the late 1950s and early 1960s, critics of the Dick and Jane readers began to point out its stereotypes; concerns about class, gender, and racial bias; and errors in content and illustrations. Increasing social changes, including the civil rights movement in the 1960s, also made the characters of "Dick and Jane seem increasingly irrelevant to some." Sharp, who was proud of the series and objected to the harsh criticism, replied, "That's all an adult's viewpoint."

## Later years

Scott Foresman made changes in their readers in the 1960s in an effort to keep the stories relevant, updating the series every five years. The 1965 edition, the last of the Dick and Jane series, introduced the first African American family as characters in a first-grade reader. The family included two parents and their three children: a son, "Mike," and twin daughters, "Pam" and "Penny." Although the Dick and Jane series of primers continued to be sold until 1973, and were used in some classroom throughout the 1970s, they were replaced with other reading texts and gradually disappeared from use in schools.

In her retirement Sharp traveled and remained active in the education field. She divided her time between California and Indiana, where she established a home in her later years at Frankfort.

## Death and legacy

Sharp died at Wesley Manor nursing home in Frankfort, Indiana, on June 17, 1981, at the age of ninety-one. Her remains are interred at a local cemetery.

Sharp's legacy was the Dick and Jane readers of the mid-twentieth century, the successors to the phonics-based McGuffey Readers that were popular from the mid-nineteenth to the mid-twentieth century. In 1967, two years after Scott Foresman retired the Dick and Jane series, the company introduced its Open Highways series, which included heavily illustrated classic children's stories and poems, as well as placing greater emphasis on multicultural content and phonics training in its subsequent readers.

The Dick and Jane primers that Sharp edited, which were well known for their simple narrative text and watercolor illustrations, taught reading to millions of students for four decades. Despite the challenges and criticisms of these readers, their content, and the look-say format they used to teach reading, Sharp's characters of "Dick," "Jane," and "Sally" became household words and the primers became icons of mid-century American culture, as well as collectors' items.

## InfoBox

| Zerna A. Sharp | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Zerna Addis Sharp
(1889-08-12)August 12, 1889
Hillisburg, Clinton County, Indiana, United States |
| Died | June 17, 1981(1981-06-17) (aged 91)
Frankfort, Indiana, United States |
| Occupation(s) | Editor and educator |
| Employer | Scott Foresman |
| Known for | Creator of the Dick and Jane series of beginning readers |
| Parent(s) | Charles and Lottie (Smith) Sharp |


title: Tephritis truncata

abstract: Tephritis truncata is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in the genus Tephritis of the family Tephritidae.

text:
# Tephritis truncata

***Tephritis truncata*** is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in the genus *Tephritis* of the family Tephritidae.

## Distribution

Central & Southern. Europe to South Russia & Caucasus Tunisia.

## InfoBox

| *Tephritis truncata* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Tephritidae |
| Subfamily: | Tephritinae |
| Tribe: | Tephritini |
| Genus: | *Tephritis* |
| Species: | ***T. truncata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Tephritis truncata***<br>(Loew, 1844) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
|  | |


title: Valentin Gerasimov

abstract: Valentin Pavlovich Gerasimov, is a Russian politician and party figure, who had served as the first Governor of Kurgan Oblast from 1991 to 1995.

text:
# Valentin Gerasimov

**Valentin Pavlovich Gerasimov** (Russian: Валентин Павлович Герасимов; born on 28 May 1940), is a Russian politician and party figure, who had served as the first Governor of Kurgan Oblast from 1991 to 1995.

## Biography

Valentin Gerasimov was born on 28 May 1940 into a working-class family in the working village of Shumikha, Shumikhinsky District, Chelyabinsk Oblast, now the administrative centre of the Shumikhinsky Municipal District, Kurgan Oblast. He is Russian. His father died in 1942.

In 1965, he graduated from the Kurgan Machine-Building Institute with a degree in automotive and tractor mechanical engineering. The same year, he worked at the Kurgan Bus Plant, where he went through all the stages - from design engineer to chief engineer from 1975 to 1979.

In 1967, he joined the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

Since 1979, he was carrying out party work. He successively held the positions of second secretary of the Sovetsky City District committee of the CPSU of the city of Kurgan, first secretary of the Pervomaysky City District committee of the CPSU of the city of Kurgan, first secretary of the Kurgan city committee of the CPSU, second secretary of the Kurgan regional committee of the CPSU.

He had been elected deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR's XI convocation from 1984 to 1989.

In 1985, he graduated from the Academy of Social Sciences under the Central Committee of the CPSU.

In June 1988, he became chairman of the Kurgan Regional Executive Committee of the Council of People's Deputies.

In April 1990, he was elected a People's Deputy of the RSFSR, was a member of the Communists of Russia faction.

From November 1990 to October 1991, he was chairman of the Kurgan Regional Council of People's Deputies.

On 24 October 1991, Gerasimov became the first Governor of Kurgan Oblast, as was one of the last ones to be appointed head of the administration of the federal subjects of Russia.

He was a member of the Council of the Association for Economic Interaction of Regions and Republics of the Ural Region, and a Member of the Council of the All-Russian Public Movement "Our Home – Russia" party.

On 9 August 1995, on the eve of the parliamentary and presidential elections, Gerasimov was removed from his post, and replaced by Deputy Governor Anatoly Sobolev who was appointed governor.

After his resignation, for two compositions, from 1995 to 2003, he headed the Kurgan Regional Electoral Commission.

## Family

His father, Pavel, died in 1942.

He has two children, daughter Larisa, (born 1962), and Aleksey (born 1975).

## InfoBox

| Valentin Gerasimov | |
| --- | --- |
| Валентин Герасимов | |
|  | |
| 1st Governor of Kurgan Oblast | |
| **In office**
24 October 1991  9 August 1995 | |
| Succeeded by | Anatoly Sobolev |
| Chairman of the Kurgan Regional Council of People's Deputies | |
| **In office**
November 1990  24 October 1991 | |
| Preceded by | Aleksandr Plekhanov |
| Succeeded by | Igor Panafidin (acting) |
| Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Kurgan Regional Council of People's Deputies | |
| **In office**
June 1988  24 October 1991 | |
| Preceded by | Aleksandr Mankhyov |
| First Secretary of the Kurgan City Committee of the CPSU | |
| **In office**
1986–1987 | |
| Preceded by | Vitaly Plenichnikov |
| First Secretary of the Pervomaisky District Committee of the CPSU of the city of Kurgan | |
| **In office**
1985–1986 | |
| Preceded by | Vitaly Plenichnikov |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Valentin Pavlovich Gerasimov
(1940-05-28) 28 May 1940
Shumikha, RSFSR, Soviet Union |
| Political party | Our Home - Russia |
|  | |


title: Motikai Murray

abstract: Motikai Murray is a Fijian rugby union player, who plays for the Drua in Super Rugby. His preferred position is flanker.

text:
# Motikai Murray

**Motikai Murray** (born 8 August 2003) is a Fijian rugby union player, who plays for the Drua in Super Rugby. His preferred position is flanker.

## Early career

Murray is from Lovoni village in Ovalau. He attended Ratu Kadavulevu School where he began playing rugby, being called into the Fiji set up shortly afterwards.

## Professional career

Murray was named in the Drua development squad ahead of the 2023 Super Rugby Pacific season. He was called into the main squad for Round 13 of the season, debuting against the Crusaders. He was named captain of the Fiji U20s side following the Super Rugby campaign.

## InfoBox

Motikai Murray
| Date of birth | (2003-08-08) 8 August 2003 |
| --- | --- |
| Place of birth | Lovoni, Ovalau, Fiji |
| Height | 185 cm (6 ft 1 in) |
| Weight | 92 kg (203 lb; 14 st 7 lb) |
| Rugby union career | |
| **Position(s)** Flanker  **Current team** Drua  Senior career  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  2023– Drua  1  (0)  Correct as of 18 August 2023  International career  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  2023– Fiji U20  5  (10)  Correct as of 18 August 2023 | |


title: Nikki Cleary (album)

abstract: Nikki Cleary is a self-titled album by Nikki Cleary released in 2003. The song "Summertime Guys" was featured in the episode "The Golden Years" of Kim Possible in 2003, and was a track on the Kim Possible soundtrack. It was also featured in the film Aquamarine. The song "1-2-3" was featured in the film Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen, the Lizzie McGuire: Total Party! album and on the second volume of the 2003 Nickelodeon Kids Choice Awards promotional albums.

text:
# Nikki Cleary (album)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic |  |

***Nikki Cleary*** is a self-titled album by Nikki Cleary released in 2003.

The song "Summertime Guys" was featured in the episode "The Golden Years" of *Kim Possible* in 2003, and was a track on the *Kim Possible* soundtrack. It was also featured in the film *Aquamarine*.

The song "1-2-3" was featured in the film *Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen*, the *Lizzie McGuire: Total Party!* album and on the second volume of the 2003 Nickelodeon Kids Choice Awards promotional albums.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "The Game" | David Frank, Steve Kipner, Pamela Sheyne | 3:47 |
| 2. | "You're the One That I Want" (with Chris Trousdale) | John Farrar | 3:31 |
| 3. | "1-2-3" | Kara DioGuardi, Jörgen Elofsson | 3:27 |
| 4. | "Summertime Guys" | Nikki Cleary, Jeff Coplan, Robert Ellis Orrall | 3:06 |
| 5. | "Fish Out of Water" | Shaunna Bolton, Ron Harris, Anthony Mazza | 3:23 |
| 6. | "Sorry for Myself" | Phil Barnhart, Kevin Paige, Bob Regan | 2:50 |
| 7. | "I Miss You (It's Weird that You Don't Notice)" | Amy Powers, Guy Roche | 3:49 |
| 8. | "Walking on Sunshine" | Kimberley Rew | 3:42 |
| 9. | "Irresistible" | DioGuardi, Fredrik Thomander, Anders Wikström | 3:18 |
| 10. | "When Will I Get Over You (Getting Over Me)" | Bolton, Harris, Mazza | 3:57 |

## InfoBox

| Nikki Cleary | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Nikki Cleary | |
| Released | August 5, 2003 (United States) |
| Recorded | 2002–2003 |
| Genre | Pop rock, teen pop |
| Label | Jive |
| Producer | Douglas Carr, Jeff Coplan, Kara DioGuardi, Nick Foster, David Frank, Steve Kipner, Kevin Paige, Guy Roche, Mike Rose, Supaflyas, Fredrik Thomander, Anders Wikström |
| Nikki Cleary chronology | |
| *Everything I Wished For*
(2002) ***Nikki Cleary***
(2003) | |


title: Ōmu, Hokkaido

abstract: Ōmu is a town located in Okhotsk Subprefecture, Hokkaido, Japan. As of September 2016, the town has an estimated population of 4,596 and a population density of 7.2 persons per km². The total area is 637.03 km².

text:
# Ōmu, Hokkaido

**Ōmu** (雄武町, *Ōmu-chō*) is a town located in Okhotsk Subprefecture, Hokkaido, Japan.

As of September 2016, the town has an estimated population of 4,596 and a population density of 7.2 persons per km². The total area is 637.03 km².

## Climate

Omu has a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification *Dfb*) with warm summers and cold winters. Precipitation is significant throughout the year, but is heaviest from August to October.

The highest temperature ever recorded in Ōmu was 35.3 °C (95.5 °F) on 17 August 2023. The coldest temperature ever recorded was −27.5 °C (−17.5 °F) on 18 February 1978.

| Climate data for Ōmu (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1942−present) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 7.6
(45.7) | 12.5
(54.5) | 17.3
(63.1) | 28.1
(82.6) | 33.4
(92.1) | 35.1
(95.2) | 35.2
(95.4) | 35.3
(95.5) | 32.3
(90.1) | 25.3
(77.5) | 21.5
(70.7) | 15.3
(59.5) | 35.2
(95.4) |
| Mean maximum °C (°F) | 3.8
(38.8) | 6.1
(43.0) | 11.6
(52.9) | 19.8
(67.6) | 26.6
(79.9) | 28.1
(82.6) | 29.6
(85.3) | 30.6
(87.1) | 27.4
(81.3) | 21.7
(71.1) | 16.2
(61.2) | 7.3
(45.1) | 32.1
(89.8) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −2.5
(27.5) | −2.1
(28.2) | 2.1
(35.8) | 8.6
(47.5) | 13.8
(56.8) | 16.2
(61.2) | 20.1
(68.2) | 22.5
(72.5) | 20.5
(68.9) | 14.6
(58.3) | 6.7
(44.1) | 0.0
(32.0) | 10.0
(50.1) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −5.9
(21.4) | −6.1
(21.0) | −1.7
(28.9) | 4.1
(39.4) | 9.0
(48.2) | 12.3
(54.1) | 16.5
(61.7) | 18.8
(65.8) | 16.0
(60.8) | 9.8
(49.6) | 2.9
(37.2) | −3.3
(26.1) | 6.0
(42.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −10.9
(12.4) | −11.7
(10.9) | −6.4
(20.5) | −0.7
(30.7) | 4.0
(39.2) | 8.4
(47.1) | 13.2
(55.8) | 15.2
(59.4) | 11.2
(52.2) | 4.6
(40.3) | −1.4
(29.5) | −7.7
(18.1) | 1.5
(34.7) |
| Mean minimum °C (°F) | −18.4
(−1.1) | −19.3
(−2.7) | −14.8
(5.4) | −6.6
(20.1) | −2.2
(28.0) | 2.4
(36.3) | 7.7
(45.9) | 9.8
(49.6) | 4.9
(40.8) | −1.3
(29.7) | −8.6
(16.5) | −14.9
(5.2) | −20.2
(−4.4) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −26.0
(−14.8) | −27.5
(−17.5) | −24.8
(−12.6) | −13.4
(7.9) | −6.2
(20.8) | −1.9
(28.6) | 1.5
(34.7) | 4.8
(40.6) | −0.8
(30.6) | −5.6
(21.9) | −15.1
(4.8) | −20.6
(−5.1) | −27.5
(−17.5) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 43.3
(1.70) | 36.0
(1.42) | 39.0
(1.54) | 44.6
(1.76) | 61.1
(2.41) | 74.8
(2.94) | 115.1
(4.53) | 133.8
(5.27) | 137.2
(5.40) | 92.3
(3.63) | 77.4
(3.05) | 62.1
(2.44) | 916.5
(36.08) |
| Average snowfall cm (inches) | 84
(33) | 71
(28) | 59
(23) | 17
(6.7) | 2
(0.8) | 0
(0) | 0
(0) | 0
(0) | 0
(0) | 1
(0.4) | 31
(12) | 83
(33) | 343
(135) |
| Average rainy days | 11.8 | 10.2 | 9.5 | 8.1 | 8.1 | 8.8 | 9.7 | 10.1 | 11.2 | 10.8 | 12.9 | 12.6 | 123.8 |
| Average snowy days | 17.3 | 14.6 | 13.9 | 4.0 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.3 | 7.4 | 16.1 | 73.9 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 77 | 76 | 73 | 71 | 77 | 86 | 88 | 85 | 80 | 75 | 76 | 77 | 78 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 94.4 | 115.5 | 159.4 | 177.7 | 176.0 | 145.7 | 132.5 | 138.9 | 159.9 | 150.6 | 97.9 | 89.9 | 1,638.3 |
| Source 1: Japan Meteorological Agency | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Source 2: Météo Climat | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## Mascot

Ōmu's mascot is **Ikurasujiko** (いくらすじ子). She is a salmon who 3 years old but acts like a mature person. She wears a large bag containing items such as nutrients that enables her to do any talents. Her favorite thing to do is being in an onsen while watching the clouds and the sea. She likes people who smile at each other. Her favourite foods are beef and seafood. She can survive in both extremely cold and extremely hot conditions. She wears a hat that looks like a parrot. She was unveiled in March 2019.

## InfoBox

| Ōmu 雄武町 | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
| Aerial view of Ōmu (at bottom edge of picture) with Esashi in the distance | |
|  | |
| Location of Ōmu in Hokkaido (Okhotsk Subprefecture) | |
| ŌmuLocation in Japan | |
| Coordinates: 44°35′N 142°58′E / 44.583°N 142.967°E / 44.583; 142.967 | |
| Country | Japan |
| Region | Hokkaido |
| Prefecture | Hokkaido (Okhotsk Subprefecture) |
| District | Monbetsu |
| Area | |
| Total | 637.03 km2 (245.96 sq mi) |
| Population (September 30, 2016) | |
| Total | 4,596 |
| Density | 7.2/km2 (19/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+09:00 (JST) |
| Climate | Dfb |
| Website | www.town.oumu.hokkaido.jp |


title: Zamia gentryi

abstract: Zamia gentryi is a species of plant in the family Zamiaceae. It is endemic to Ecuador. It is threatened by habitat loss. It is found in two locations of Carchi Province and Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador, which are located near Alto Tambo, as well as between Lita and San Lorenzo.

text:
# Zamia gentryi

***Zamia gentryi*** is a species of plant in the family Zamiaceae. It is endemic to Ecuador. It is threatened by habitat loss. It is found in two locations of Carchi Province and Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador, which are located near Alto Tambo, as well as between Lita and San Lorenzo.

## InfoBox

| *Zamia gentryi* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Critically Endangered  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Gymnospermae |
| Division: | Cycadophyta |
| Class: | Cycadopsida |
| Order: | Cycadales |
| Family: | Zamiaceae |
| Genus: | *Zamia* |
| Species: | ***Z. gentryi*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Zamia gentryi***
Dodson | |
|