title: Veronica cinerea

abstract: Veronica cinerea, called the ash-coloured speedwell, is a species of flowering plant in the genus Veronica, native to Turkey and Lebanon/Syria. An evergreen, mat‑forming perennial useful as a ground cover, it has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

text:
# Veronica cinerea

***Veronica cinerea***, called the **ash-coloured speedwell**, is a species of flowering plant in the genus *Veronica*, native to Turkey and Lebanon/Syria. An evergreen, matforming perennial useful as a ground cover, it has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

## InfoBox

| *Veronica cinerea* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| In a garden setting | |
|  | |
| Close-up of flowers | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Lamiales |
| Family: | Plantaginaceae |
| Genus: | *Veronica* |
| Species: | ***V. cinerea*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Veronica cinerea***<br>Boiss. & Balansa | |
|


title: Veluće mine

abstract: The Veluće mine is one of the largest cobalt mines in Serbia. The mine is located in Veluće in Rasina District. The mine has reserves amounting to 3 million tonnes of ore grading 0.08% cobalt.

text:
# Veluće mine

The **Veluće mine** is one of the largest cobalt mines in Serbia. The mine is located in Veluće in Rasina District. The mine has reserves amounting to 3 million tonnes of ore grading 0.08% cobalt.

## InfoBox

Veluće mine
| Location | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Veluće |
| Rasina District | |
| Country | Serbia |
| Production | |
| Products | Cobalt |


title: Shono

abstract: Shono may refer to:

text:
# Shono

**Shono** may refer to:

## People

* Junzo Shono (庄野 潤三 1921–2009), Japanese novelist
* Haruhiko Shono (庄野 晴彦, *Shōno Haruhiko*, born 1960), Japanese computer graphics artist
* Yoriko Shono (笙野 頼子, *Shōno Yoriko*, born 1956), Japanese writer

## Other

* *Shono* (album) (Bengali: শোন! Śōna ; Listen!), Bengali-language pop album by Habib Wahid 2006
* Shōno-juku (庄野宿, Shōno-juku), forty-fifth of the fifty-three stations of the Tōkaidō, located in former Ise Province


abstract: Ukrainian Agency of Copyright and Related Rights (UACRR) is a collective rights management organization in Ukraine. UACRR administers public performance rights, mechanical recording and reproduction rights, and dramatic rights.

text:
# Ukrainian Agency of Copyright and Related Rights

**Ukrainian Agency of Copyright and Related Rights** (**UACRR**) is a collective rights management organization in Ukraine. UACRR administers public performance rights, mechanical recording and reproduction rights, and dramatic rights.

## InfoBox

Ukrainian Agency of Copyright and Related Rights
| Українське агентство з авторських та суміжних прав | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Abbreviation | UACRR |
| Type | Collective management organization |
| Location |  |
| Website | uacrr.org.ua |


title: 1816 Armagh City by-election

abstract: The 1816 Armagh City by-election was held on 8 May 1816 following the death of Patrick Duigenan. The Tories held the seat electing Daniel Webb Webber to serve the Armagh City constituency which he did until the 1818 general election.

text:
# 1816 Armagh City by-election

The **1816 Armagh City by-election** was held on 8 May 1816 following the death of Patrick Duigenan. The Tories held the seat electing Daniel Webb Webber to serve the Armagh City constituency which he did until the 1818 general election.

1816 Armagh City by-election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Tory** | **Daniel Webb Webber** | ***Unopposed*** | | |
|  | Tory **hold** | | | | |


title: Volvarina subtriplicata

abstract: Volvarina subtriplicata is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Marginellidae, the margin snails.

text:
# Volvarina subtriplicata

***Volvarina subtriplicata*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Marginellidae, the margin snails.

## Description

## Distribution

This species occurs in the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico and the Lesser Antilles.

* Cossignani T. (2006). *Marginellidae & Cystiscidae of the World*. L'Informatore Piceno. 408pp.
* Rosenberg, G., F. Moretzsohn, and E. F. García. 2009. *Gastropoda (Mollusca) of the Gulf of Mexico*, pp. 579–699 in Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M Press, College Station, Texas.
* Espinosa J. & Ortea J. (2015). Nuevas especies de la familia Marginellidae (Mollusca: Neogastropoda) de Puerto Rico, Cuba, México y los Cayos de la Florida. Revista de la Academia Canaria de Ciencias. 27: 189-242

## InfoBox

| *Volvarina subtriplicata* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Family: | Marginellidae |
| Subfamily: | Marginellinae |
| Genus: | *Volvarina* |
| Species: | ***V. subtriplicata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Volvarina subtriplicata***<br>(d’Orbigny, 1842) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Hyalina subtriplicata* (d'Orbigny, 1842) * *Marginella subtriplicata* d'Orbigny, 1842 (original combination) | |


title: Terrence Watson

abstract: Terrence Watson is an American-Israeli former professional basketball player. A forward, he played college basketball for Mott Community College, University of Mississippi and Ball State University before playing professionally in Iceland, Israel, Finland, and the Philippines.

text:
# Terrence Watson

**Terrence Watson** (born March 3, 1987) is an American-Israeli former professional basketball player. A forward, he played college basketball for Mott Community College, University of Mississippi and Ball State University before playing professionally in Iceland, Israel, Finland, and the Philippines.

## Early life and college career

Watson attended Murray–Wright High School in Detroit, Michigan, where he averaged 17 points, 10 rebounds and five blocks per game as a senior. He helped his team to 20-plus win seasons three straight times, including a 21–5 record in his last year. Watson was named second team All-City as a senior and also participated in track and cross country, earning All-City honors in cross country.

Watson started his college basketball career with Mott Community College, where he averaged 12.2 points, 8.4 rebounds, 3.5 assists, 3.4 blocks and 2.8 steals per game, leading Mott to the NJCAA Division II National Championship while also earning Defensive Player of the Year and All-Tournament honors.

Watson played his junior year for the University of Mississippi, where he averaged 1.4 points in 6.7 minutes per game. On November 30, 2008, Watson transferred from Ole Miss to Ball State University but sat out the 2008–09 season per NCAA transfer rules.

In his senior year at Ball State, he finished the season fourth on the team in scoring at 8.3 points per game and was second in rebounding at 6.2 boards per game. Watson led the team and was third in the Mid-American Conference with 39 blocked shots.

## Professional career

In 2011, Watson stated his professional career as a player-coach with Körfuknattleiksfélag ÍA of the Icelandic 1. deild karla. In 22 games played for ÍA, he averaged 24.4 points and league leading 15.1 rebounds.

On January 2, 2013, Watson joined 1. deild karla club Haukar. In 10 games played for Haukar, he averaged 22.3 points and 12.1 rebounds. Watson helped the team to promote to the top-tier Dominos League as the 1. deild karla regular season champions.

On April 15, 2013, Watson re-signed with Haukar for the 2013–14 season. On March 28, 2014, Watson recorded a career-high 33 points, shooting 14-of-21 from the field, along with 11 rebounds and three blocks in a 77–81 loss to Njarðvík in the third and decisive game of the Úrvalsdeild first round playoffs series. In his second season with Haukar, he led the league with 14.9 rebounds and 3.2 blocks while also averaging 24.1 points, 2.1 assists and 2.1 steals per game.

In October 2014, Watson joined Maccabi Kiryat Gat of the Israeli National League. In 35 games played for Kiryat Gat, he averaged 16.8 points, 11.5 rebounds and 2.1 rebounds per game, leading Kiryat Gat to win the Israeli National League championship after they defeated Ironi Kiryat Ata 3–2 in a best of five series.

On October 23, 2015, Watson signed with the Helsinki Seagulls of the Finnish Korisliiga. Watson helped the Seagulls to reach the 2016 Korisliiga Playoffs as the seventh seed, but they eventually lost to Tampereen Pyrintö in the Semifinals.

On August 10, 2016, Watson returned to Israel for a second stint, signing with Hapoel Kfar Saba for the 2016–17 season. In 32 games played for Kfar Saba, he averaged 16 points and 10.7 rebounds per game. Watson helped Kfar Saba to reach the Liga Leumit Playoffs as the second seed, but they were eliminated by Hapoel Be'er Sheva in the Semifinals.

On September 11, 2017, Watson signed with San Miguel Beermen of the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA).

On November 15, 2017, Watson joined Maccabi Ashdod of the Israeli Premier League, signing a two-month contract as an injury cover for Gerald Lee.

On October 1, 2018, Watson returned to the Philippines for a second stint, signing with the Rain or Shine Elasto Painters as a replacement for J'Nathan Bullock. In seven games played for the Painters, he averaged 16 points, 11.7 rebounds and 3.3 blocks per game.

On March 7, 2019, Watson returned to Israel for a fourth stint, signing with Hapoel Be'er Sheva. However, on March 18, 2019, Watson suffered an achilles injury in his second game with Be'er Sheva and ruled out for the rest of the season.

## Awards, titles and accomplishments

### Titles

### Accomplishments

## Personal life

Watson grew up in Detroit, Michigan. Son of Terrence and Meredith Watson. On March 7, 2019, Watson received an Israeli passport after converting to Judaism.

## InfoBox

Terrence Watson
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1987-03-03) March 3, 1987<br>Detroit, Michigan, U.S. |
| Nationality | American / Israeli |
| Listed height | 6 ft 7 in (2.01 m) |
| Listed weight | 220 lb (100 kg) |
| Career information | |
| High school | Murray–Wright (Detroit, Michigan) |
| College |  |
| NBA draft | 2010: undrafted |
| Playing career | 2011–2020 |
| Position | Small forward / power forward |
| Career history | |
| As player: | |
| 2011–2012 | ÍA |
| 2012–2014 | Haukar |
| 2014–2015 | Maccabi Kiryat Gat |
| 2015–2016 | Helsinki Seagulls |
| 2016–2017 | Hapoel Kfar Saba |
| 2017 | San Miguel Beermen |
| 2017–2018 | Maccabi Ashdod |
| 2018 | Rain or Shine Elasto Painters |
| 2019–present | Hapoel Be'er Sheva |
| 2020 | Hapoel Eilat |
| As coach: | |
| 2011–2012 | ÍA |
|  | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
| **As player:** | |
|  | |


title: Pyrgus scriptura

abstract: Pyrgus scriptura, the small checkered skipper, is a species of skipper. It is found from the Texas to Montana, southeastern Alberta, and southwestern Saskatchewan. The wingspan is 16–22 mm. There are two generations from May to August. The larva feed Malvaceae spp. and Sida hederacea.

text:
# Pyrgus scriptura

***Pyrgus scriptura***, the **small checkered skipper**, is a species of skipper (family Hesperiidae). It is found from the Texas to Montana, southeastern Alberta, and southwestern Saskatchewan.

The wingspan is 16–22 mm. There are two generations from May to August.

The larva feed *Malvaceae* spp. and *Sida hederacea*.

## Subspecies

* *Pyrgus scriptura scriptura*
* *Pyrgus scriptur apertorum* Austin, 1998

## InfoBox

| Small checkered skipper | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Hesperiidae |
| Genus: | *Pyrgus* |
| Species: | ***P. scriptura*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pyrgus scriptura***<br>(Boisduval, 1852) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Syrichtus scriptura* Boisduval, 1852 * *Hesperia scriptura* Dyar, 1903 | |


title: William G. Jones (politician)

abstract: William G. Jones was an American politician from Iowa. William G. Jones was born on 22 October 1861 on the family farm in Garfield Township, Mahaska County, Iowa. His parents John G. and Margaret Jones were Welsh immigrants. After attending from Oskaloosa College, and graduating from Penn College in 1882, Jones was a student at the University of Iowa College of Law until 1884. He practiced law in Oskaloosa and served as the city's attorney for two years before his election as a Republican member of the Iowa House of Representatives in 1899. Jones held the District 25 seat between 1900 and 1904, when he began his tenure on the Iowa Senate, representing District 14 until 1909. Jones died on 3 May 1956.

text:
# William G. Jones (politician)

**William G. Jones** (22 October 1861 – 3 May 1956) was an American politician from Iowa.

William G. Jones was born on 22 October 1861 on the family farm in Garfield Township, Mahaska County, Iowa. His parents John G. and Margaret Jones were Welsh immigrants. After attending from Oskaloosa College, and graduating from Penn College in 1882, Jones was a student at the University of Iowa College of Law until 1884. He practiced law in Oskaloosa and served as the city's attorney for two years before his election as a Republican member of the Iowa House of Representatives in 1899. Jones held the District 25 seat between 1900 and 1904, when he began his tenure on the Iowa Senate, representing District 14 until 1909. Jones died on 3 May 1956.


title: Mitsubishi Freeca

abstract: The Mitsubishi Freeca is a station wagon and pickup truck produced by Mitsubishi Motors between 1997 and 2017. The model was designed for the Asian market, and built in Taiwan, China, the Philippines, Indonesia and Vietnam. The model name "Freeca" is coined from "free" and "ca", the Taiwanese for vehicle. It was marketed as the Mitsubishi Adventure in the Philippines, Mitsubishi Kuda in Indonesia and Mitsubishi Jolie in Vietnam.

text:
# Mitsubishi Freeca

The **Mitsubishi Freeca** is a station wagon and pickup truck produced by Mitsubishi Motors between 1997 and 2017. The model was designed for the Asian market, and built in Taiwan, China, the Philippines, Indonesia and Vietnam.

The model name "Freeca" is coined from "*free*" and "*ca*", the Taiwanese for vehicle. It was marketed as the **Mitsubishi Adventure** in the Philippines, **Mitsubishi Kuda** in Indonesia and **Mitsubishi Jolie** in Vietnam.

## Overview

The Mitsubishi Freeca was first released on 11 September 1997, while the Adventure and Kuda was released in January 1998 and March 1999 respectively.

The vehicle was internally referred to as the Dynamic Family Wagon (DFW). It has a "semi-bonnet" design with a rear-wheel drive layout and body-on-frame chassis. Product development and parts production were shared between Taiwan, the Philippines and Indonesia.

## Markets

### China

From 2001 to 2017, the Freeca was rebadged by the Soueast brand for China.

### Indonesia

The vehicle is also known as the **Mitsubishi Kuda** in Indonesia where it was locally manufactured by PT Krama Yudha Kesuma Motor and marketed by Krama Yudha Tiga Berlian until 2005 when its manufacturing plant was closed. "*Kuda*" means horse in Indonesian.

### Philippines

In the Philippines, the Adventure was given major redesigns in 2001 and then 2004, then a minor facelift in late 2009. Trims include the GLX, GLX SE, GLS Sport, Super Sport and Grand Sport. The 50,000th Adventure was manufactured in the Philippines plant in March 2005.

The original pre-facelift model continued to be sold in 2006 as the **Adventure GX**. They were both sold alongside the facelifted model. It was essentially a stripped down Adventure meant for commercial or fleet use. the "GX" serves as the most basic base-model of the Adventure lineup. Another version of the Adventure GX, called the *Adventure TX*, was made specifically to be used for taxicabs/UV Express use. Although the TX is seen more of a trim on the Adventure GX rather than another version of the car. Sales of the GX ended in 2017, but few remaining units were sold until 2018 in some dealerships.

### South Africa

Badge engineered Taiwanese-made Freecas were also briefly available in the South African market, locally assembled in Cape Town and sold as the **Africar Landio** and **Africar Jockey**.

### Taiwan

The vehicle was marketed as the **Mitsubishi Freeca** in Taiwan in either pickup or station wagon body styles. The station wagon was primarily marketed as a recreational vehicle with notable features such as anti-lock brakes with electronic brake force distribution and VHS or 5.1 surround DVD infotainment systems being unavailable in the facelifted 8-seater Exceed trim (replacing the Top spec 7 Seater Super Exceed). The sole engine choice was the 2.0-litre *4G63* with either a carburetor or multi-point fuel injection. Fuel injection was later made standard across all vehicles.

### Vietnam

The vehicle was marketed as the **Mitsubishi Jolie** in Vietnam.

Mitsubishi Freeca Mitsubishi Adventure Mitsubishi Kuda Soueast Freeca

## Production

| Year | Taiwan
(Freeca) | Philippines
(Adventure) | Indonesia
(Kuda) | China
(Freeca) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1997–99 | Figures unavailable | | | |
| 2000 | 17,044 | 6,729 | 20,916 | 1,050 |
| 2001 | 13,531 | 7,714 | 4,776 | 7,350 |
| 2002 | 12,537 | 7,742 | 9,669 | 8,970 |
| 2003 | 11,800 | 3,921 | 7,350 | 12,630 |
| 2004 | 11,359 | 5,868 | 5,670 | 7,458 |
| 2005 | 12,479***** | 5,876 | 825 | 4,163 |
| 2006 | 4,791***** | 4,560 | - | 1,911 |
| 2007 | 6,682***** | 6,033 | - | 1,650 |
| 2008 | 2,133***** | 4,570 | - | 721 |
|

***** Freeca and Zinger combined production figures

*(Sources: Facts & Figures 2000, Facts & Figures 2005, Facts & Figures 2009, Mitsubishi Motors website)*

## InfoBox

| Mitsubishi Freeca | |
| --- | --- |
| Mitsubishi Freeca (pre-facelift, Taiwan) | |
| Overview | |
| Manufacturer |  |
| Model code | * VA * VB |
| Also called | * Mitsubishi Adventure (Philippines) * Mitsubishi Kuda (Indonesia) * Mitsubishi Jolie (Vietnam) * Soueast Freeca (China) * Africar Landio/Jockey (South Africa) |
| Production | * 1997–2017 (Taiwan) * 1998–2017 (Philippines) * 1999–2005 (Indonesia) |
| Assembly |  |
| Body and chassis | |
| Class |  |
| Body style | * 5-door wagon * 2-door pickup (Taiwan only) |
| Layout | Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive |
| Chassis | Body-on-frame |
| Powertrain | |
| Engine |  |
| Transmission |  |
| Dimensions | |
| Wheelbase | 2,620 mm (103.1 in) |
| Length | 4,320–4,375 mm (170.1–172.2 in) |
| Width | 1,650–1,690 mm (65.0–66.5 in) |
| Height | 1,800–1,830 mm (70.9–72.0 in) |
| Curb weight | 1,445–1,500 kg (3,186–3,307 lb) |
| Chronology | |
| Successor |  |


title: Yuci District

abstract: Yuci District is a district in Jinzhong, Shanxi, China.

text:
# Yuci District

**Yuci District** (simplified Chinese: 榆次区; traditional Chinese: 榆次區; pinyin: *Yúcì Qū*) is a district in Jinzhong, Shanxi, China.

## Administrative Divisions

Subdistricts:

Towns:

Townships:

## Climate

| Climate data for Yuci, elevation 854 m (2,802 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 12.4
(54.3) | 19.3
(66.7) | 28.2
(82.8) | 37.1
(98.8) | 35.6
(96.1) | 39.6
(103.3) | 39.5
(103.1) | 36.3
(97.3) | 35.8
(96.4) | 28.5
(83.3) | 23.6
(74.5) | 16.0
(60.8) | 39.6
(103.3) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 2.2
(36.0) | 6.5
(43.7) | 13.1
(55.6) | 20.5
(68.9) | 26.2
(79.2) | 29.8
(85.6) | 30.7
(87.3) | 28.9
(84.0) | 24.4
(75.9) | 18.2
(64.8) | 10.1
(50.2) | 3.4
(38.1) | 17.8
(64.1) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −5.1
(22.8) | −1.0
(30.2) | 5.6
(42.1) | 12.9
(55.2) | 18.9
(66.0) | 22.8
(73.0) | 24.4
(75.9) | 22.7
(72.9) | 17.4
(63.3) | 10.8
(51.4) | 3.1
(37.6) | −3.4
(25.9) | 10.8
(51.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −10.7
(12.7) | −6.9
(19.6) | −0.9
(30.4) | 5.8
(42.4) | 11.6
(52.9) | 16.2
(61.2) | 19.1
(66.4) | 17.7
(63.9) | 12.1
(53.8) | 5.1
(41.2) | −2.2
(28.0) | −8.5
(16.7) | 4.9
(40.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −21.0
(−5.8) | −20.6
(−5.1) | −15.7
(3.7) | −7.0
(19.4) | 0.3
(32.5) | 7.1
(44.8) | 11.6
(52.9) | 9.2
(48.6) | −0.2
(31.6) | −6.9
(19.6) | −18.2
(−0.8) | −22.3
(−8.1) | −22.3
(−8.1) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 2.0
(0.08) | 3.6
(0.14) | 8.6
(0.34) | 25.1
(0.99) | 29.1
(1.15) | 51.4
(2.02) | 99.9
(3.93) | 90.9
(3.58) | 57.9
(2.28) | 32.5
(1.28) | 11.4
(0.45) | 1.9
(0.07) | 414.3
(16.31) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 1.7 | 2.4 | 3.2 | 5.1 | 5.7 | 9.3 | 11.0 | 10.4 | 7.4 | 5.9 | 3.3 | 1.8 | 67.2 |
| Average snowy days | 3.0 | 3.7 | 2.0 | 0.6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 14.4 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 48 | 45 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 54 | 67 | 70 | 68 | 62 | 56 | 49 | 54 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 174.4 | 179.1 | 216.7 | 240.3 | 264.0 | 239.8 | 230.0 | 221.3 | 198.7 | 195.6 | 174.8 | 174.9 | 2,509.6 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 57 | 58 | 58 | 61 | 60 | 54 | 52 | 53 | 54 | 57 | 58 | 59 | 57 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## Universities

Yuci District is home to several new university campuses, as well as many others under construction, for major universities based in Shanxi, including Taiyuan University of Technology, Shanxi University of Traditional Medicine and Shanxi Medical University and Taiyuan Normal University. For this reason, Yuci is known in Shanxi as a university city.

## Sister cities

## InfoBox

| Yuci 榆次区Yutze | |
| --- | --- |
| District | |
| Yingbin Street (迎宾街), Yuci | |
| YuciLocation in Shanxi | |
| Coordinates: 37°37′N 112°51′E / 37.617°N 112.850°E / 37.617; 112.850 | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Shanxi |
| Prefecture-level city | Jinzhong |
| Area | |
| Total | 1,327 km2 (512 sq mi) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 904,518 |
| Density | 680/km2 (1,800/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Postal code | 030600 |
| Area code | 0354 |
| Website | www.yuci.gov.cn |


title: Verb phrase ellipsis

abstract: In linguistics, verb phrase ellipsis is a type of elliptical construction and a type of anaphora in which a verb phrase has been left out (elided) provided that its antecedent can be found within the same linguistic context. For example, "She will sell sea shells, and he will <sell sea shells> too" is understood as "She will sell sea shells, and he will sell sea shells too". VP ellipsis is well-studied, particularly with regard to its occurrence in English, although certain types can be found in other languages as well.

text:
# Verb phrase ellipsis

In linguistics, **verb phrase ellipsis** (**VP ellipsis** or **VPE**) is a type of elliptical construction and a type of anaphora in which a verb phrase has been left out (elided) provided that its antecedent can be found within the same linguistic context. For example, "*She will **sell sea shells**, and he will ~~\<sell sea shells\>~~ too*" is understood as "*She will sell sea shells, and he will **sell sea shells** too"*. VP ellipsis is well-studied, particularly with regard to its occurrence in English, although certain types can be found in other languages as well.

## VP ellipsis in English

### Elided VP introduced by auxiliary verb or infinitive particle

With English grammar, VP ellipsis must be introduced by an auxiliary verb (*be*, *can*, *do*, *don't*, *could*, *have*, *may*, *might*, *shall*, *should*, *will*, *won't*, *would*, etc.) or by the infinitive particle *to*. In the examples below, the elided material of VP ellipsis is indicated using subscripts, strikethrough represents that the material has been moved, the antecedent to the ellipsis is bolded, and asterisk (\*) signals an ungrammatical sentence:

(1a) You might **do it**, but I won't \<~~do it~~\>.   (1b) \*You might **do it,** but I \<~~do it~~\>.   (2a) She will not **laugh**, but he will \<~~laugh~~\>.   (2b) \*She will not **laugh**, but he \<~~laugh~~\>.   (3a) Susan has **been cheating**, and Fred has \<~~been cheating~~\> too.   (3b) \*Susan has **been cheating**, and Fred \<~~been cheating~~\> too.   (4a) Larry is not **telling the truth**, neither is Jim \<~~telling the truth~~\>.   (4b) \*Larry is not **telling the truth**, neither Jim \<~~telling the truth~~\>.

Attempts at VP ellipsis that lack an auxiliary verb fail, unless the infinitive particle *to* is retained:

(6a) Sam wants to **eat**, and Fred wants to \<~~eat~~\> also.   (6b) \*Sam wants **to eat**, and Fred wants \<~~to eat~~\> also.   (7a) Josh likes to **sleep late**, and Hillary likes to \<~~sleep late~~\> also.   (7b) \*Josh likes **to sleep late**, and Hillary likes \<~~to sleep late~~\> also.

A particularly frequent construction in which VP ellipsis (obligatorily) occurs is in tag questions:

(8a) Jeremy **likes beer**, doesn't he \<like beer\>?   (8b) Susan will **write the paper**, won't she \<write the paper\>?

Apparent exceptions to the restriction that VP ellipsis can only occur in the context of an auxiliary verb or infinitive particle are analyzed as instances of null complement anaphora:

(9)   Question: Did you refuse **to be promoted**?          Answer: Yes, I refused \<~~to be promoted~~\>.

### English VP ellipsis operates forwards or backwards

VP ellipsis can be said to operate either *forwards* or *backwards*: it operates forwards when the antecedent to the ellipsis precedes the ellipsis (as in the above examples) and backwards when the antecedent follows the ellipsis. It can also be said to operate either *upwards* or *downwards* (or neither). It operates upwards when the antecedent appears in a clause that is subordinate to the clause containing the ellipsis, and downwards when the ellipsis appears in a clause subordinate to the clause containing the antecedent. In the above examples, the two clauses are coordinated, so neither is subordinate to the other, and hence the operation of the ellipsis is neither upward nor downward.

Combinations of these directions of operation of ellipsis are illustrated with the following examples. In these examples, the subordinate clause *who say they will help* is a relative clause that modifies the noun *people*. This relative clause is extraposed out of the subject in examples (11a) and (11b) in order to illustrate the remaining combinations:

(10a) The people who say they will **help** never do ~~\<help\>~~. \- Forwards and upwards (10b) The people who say they will ~~\<help\>~~ never do **help**. \- Backwards and downwards (11a) The people never do **help** who say they will ~~\<help\>~~. \- Forwards and downwards (11b) \*The people never do ~~\<help\>~~ who say they will **help**. \- Backwards and upwards

Three of the four combinations are acceptable. However, as the fourth example shows, VP ellipsis is impossible when it operates both backwards and upwards.

### English antecedent-contained ellipsis

An aspect of VP ellipsis that has been the subject of much theoretical analysis occurs when elided VP appears to be contained inside its antecedent. The phenomenon is called **antecedent-contained ellipsis** or **antecedent-contained deletion (ACD)**. This is displayed in both examples below where the antecedent is represented by bolded font. Canonical cases of antecedent-contained ellipsis occur when the elided material appears inside a quantified object NP. This can be seen in the second example where the quantified object NP is underlined. Quantifiers (ex. every) attach to nouns (ex. thing) to specify a subgroup. The elided material is represented in the same format as previous examples.

(12)   He is **thinking** the same thing I am **~~\<thinking\>~~.** (13)   They **said** every thing that we did **~~\<say\>~~.**

ACD unfortunately gives rise to 2 issues. The first is that the elided VP must be parallel, or identical, in form with the antecedent. The second is that since the antecedent contains the VPE site, whenever the antecedent is copied in, the VPE is automatically also included. Combined, these two factors result in an infinite regress:

(14)   Eventually, Daisy \[VP knew how to prepare every dish that her dad **did** \[~~\<know how to prepare every dish that her dad **did**\>~~ \[~~\<know how to prepare every dish that her dad **did**\>~~...\]\]\]

One means of addressing ACD infinite regress that is pursued in some phrase structure grammars is to assume quantifier raising (QR). Quantifier raising involves moving a quantifier to a higher position in the structure, leaving behind a trace which it binds to. Crucially, the landing site of QR in ACD sentences must be below the subject position. It is seen as a covert process because it leaves the spoken word order unchanged. An alternative explanation, pursued in dependency grammars, is to assume that the basic unit of syntax is not the constituent, but rather the catena. With this analysis, the antecedent to the ellipsis does not need to be a complete constituent (an entire verb phrase), but can be merely a catena (the verbs *say* and *thinking* in the above examples), which need not contain the ellipsis.

### English argument contained ellipsis

As noted above, VP ellipsis is generally impossible if it would operate both backwards and upwards. There are also certain other restrictions on the possibility of ellipsis, although a complete theoretical analysis may be lacking. Two examples of environments in which ellipsis fails are now given:

(15)   \*A proof that God **exists** does ~~\<exist\>~~. \- Failed upward ellipsis (16)   \*A proof that God does ~~\<exist\>~~ **exists.** \- Failed argument-contained ellipsis

The inability of VP ellipsis to occur in these cases has been explored in terms of so-called *argument contained ellipsis*. The ellipsis appears inside an argument of the predicate represented by the antecedent to the ellipsis. A satisfactory account of the inability of VP ellipsis to occur in these sentences is lacking.

## VP ellipsis in language acquisition

Language acquisition often refers to a child learning to speak their first language, which is most often the language of their caregivers. Language acquisition involves many stages of learning—some of which are required before mastery of new information may occur.

Children acquiring VP ellipsis typically go through two stages: in stage one, they use a full sentence; in stage two—after they have mastered intonation and modal auxiliaries—they are able to use VP ellipsis.

### Full sentences

Intonation or inflection on the edge of the phrase marks where the elided material has been deleted from the phonological form: until children master where and how to use intonation in a sentence to mark the elided material, they respond in full sentences.

(21)   I like Linda's cookies and Rebecca likes Linda's cookies too.

### Verb phrase ellipsis mastery

Children master the use of modal auxiliaries before they effectively use verb phrase ellipsis because modal auxiliaries license ellipsis.

(22)   I **like Linda's cookies**, and Rebecca ***does*** ~~\<like Linda's cookies\>~~ too.

The above sentence shows the use of both intonation (***bold italicized font***) and the modal auxiliary (does)--both of which are required for English verb phrase ellipsis.

Intonation on the modal auxiliary marks the edge of the phrase, from which the elided material has been deleted from the phonological form: that is, although the elided material remains in the logical form, it is not in the phonological form.

Despite using fewer words than a complete sentence, a sentence which employs verb phrase ellipsis requires more steps to be understood. This complexity is due to the processing challenges involved with referring back to the unpronounced syntactic structure.


abstract: Show Me the Money is a British topical debate programme that aired on BBC. The shows typically featured three top bosses and entrepreneurs who debated about who was making money and how they were doing it. This series began on 31 October 2010 and ended on 24 February 2013. It was shown on BBC News at 9:30 pm on Sundays.

text:
# Show Me the Money (British TV programme)

**Show Me the Money** is a British topical debate programme that aired on BBC. The shows typically featured three top bosses and entrepreneurs who debated about who was making money and how they were doing it. This series began on 31 October 2010 and ended on 24 February 2013. It was shown on BBC News at 9:30 pm on Sundays.

## InfoBox

| *Show Me the Money* | |
| --- | --- |
| Genre | Business |
| Presented by | Declan Curry |
| Country of origin | United Kingdom |
| Original language | English |
| No. of episodes | 109 |
| Production | |
| Running time | 30 mins |
| Original release | |
| Release | 31 October 2010 (2010-10-31) <br>24 February 2013 (2013-02-24) |


title: William Galbraith (American football)

abstract: William Galbraith was an American football coach. He served as the head football coach at Syracuse University for one season in 1891, compiling a record of 4–6.

text:
# William Galbraith (American football)

**William Galbraith** was an American football coach. He served as the head football coach at Syracuse University for one season in 1891, compiling a record of 4–6.

## Head coaching record

| Year | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing | Bowl/playoffs |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Syracuse Orangemen** *(Independent)* (1891) | | | | | | | | |
| 1891 | Syracuse | 4–6 |  |  |  |
| **Syracuse:** | | 4–6 |  |  | | | | |
| **Total:** | | 4–6 |  | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

William Galbraith
| Biographical details | |
| --- | --- |
| Alma mater | Cornell University |
| Coaching career (HC unless noted) | |
| 1891 | Syracuse |
|  | |
| Head coaching record | |
| Overall | 4–6 |
|  | |


title: William H. Keith Jr. bibliography

abstract: William H. Keith's writing career started in 1978, when he and his brother J. Andrew Keith began writing for Game Designers' Workshop (GDW) for their Traveller universe. He has been prolific science fiction author ever since. He has written under several pseudonyms, most notably as H. Jay Riker and Ian Douglas.

text:
# William H. Keith Jr. bibliography

**William H. Keith'**s writing career started in 1978, when he and his brother J. Andrew Keith began writing for Game Designers' Workshop (GDW) for their *Traveller* universe. He has been prolific science fiction author ever since. He has written under several pseudonyms, most notably as H. Jay Riker and **Ian Douglas**.

## Dr. Who series

* *Dr. Who & the Vortex Crystal* (1986) ISBN 978-0-931787-67-6
* *Dr. Who & the Rebel's Gamble* (1986) ISBN 978-0-931787-68-3

## BattleTech series

## Renegade Legion

## Freedom's Rangers series

Writing with J. Andrew Keith as Keith William Andrews.

## Carrier series

Writing as Keith Douglass.

(subsequent books in this series written by other authors under the same house name)

## Cybernarc series

Writing as Robert Cain.

## Invaders of Charon: Buck Rogers in the XXVth Century series

## Sharuq/Stingray

## Warstrider series

## SEALs, the Warrior Breed series

Writing as H. Jay Riker.

## SEAL Team Seven Series

Writing as Keith Douglass.

(subsequent books in this series written by other authors under the same house name)

## In the worlds of Keith Laumer

## With Babylon 5 celebrities

**Written with Peter Jurasik:**

**Ghostwritten for Bruce Boxleitner:**

## Star\*Drive universe

## The Silent Service series

Writing as H. Jay Riker.

(*Greyback Class* was written by J. Andrew Keith, not William H. Keith. It is shown here to complete the series.)

## Non-fiction

CD-Rom Game Guides, written with Nina Barton:

Craft:

Essays:

## Galactic Marines series

Writing as Ian Douglas.

**Heritage Trilogy**

**Legacy Trilogy**

**Inheritance Trilogy**

## Stephen Coonts' Deep Black series

Written with Stephen Coonts.

(previous books in this series written by Stephen Coonts and Jim DeFelice)

## Star Carrier series

Writing as Ian Douglas.

## Android

## Star Corpsman series

Writing as Ian Douglas.

## The Last Line

Written with Lt. Col. Anthony Shaffer

## Andromedan Dark series

Writing as Ian Douglas.

## Short stories


title: William H. Kirkpatrick

abstract: William Huntington Kirkpatrick was a United States representative from Pennsylvania and a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania.

text:
# William H. Kirkpatrick

**William Huntington Kirkpatrick** (October 2, 1885 – November 28, 1970) was a United States representative from Pennsylvania and a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania.

## Education and career

Born the son of William Sebring Kirkpatrick in Easton, Northampton County, Pennsylvania, Kirkpatrick attended the public schools, then received an Artium Baccalaureus degree from Lafayette College in 1905 and attended the University of Pennsylvania Law School. He was admitted to the bar and entered private practice of law in Easton starting in 1908. He served in World War I as major and lieutenant colonel, judge advocate, and was a member of the board of review of courts-martial in the United States Army.

## Congressional service

Kirkpatrick was elected as a Republican to the United States House of Representatives of the 67th United States Congress, serving from March 4, 1921 until March 3, 1923. He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection to the 68th United States Congress in 1922. He resumed private practice in Easton from 1923 to 1927.

## Federal judicial service

Kirkpatrick was nominated by President Calvin Coolidge on March 3, 1927, to the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, to a new seat created by 44 Stat. 1347. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on March 3, 1927, and received his commission the same day. He served as Chief Judge from 1948 to 1958. He assumed senior status on May 1, 1958. He was the last federal judge in active service to have been appointed to his position by President Coolidge. His service was terminated on November 28, 1970, due to his death in Cumberstone, an unincorporated community in Anne Arundel County, Maryland. Interment was in Christ Church Cemetery in West River, Maryland.

### Notable cases

Kirkpatrick is remembered as "one of the unsung heroes of American corporate and securities law," issuing early but influential decisions in *Insurance Shares Corp. v. Northern Fiscal Corp.*, which described circumstances in which a corporation's controlling shareholder has a fiduciary duty not to sell the control block to a looter, and *Kardon v. National Gypsum Co.*, first recognizing an implied private cause of action for Rule 10b-5 violations.

## Other service

Kirkpatrick was a trustee to Lafayette College from 1933 to 1961.

1. United States Congress. "William H. Kirkpatrick (id: K000240)". *Biographical Directory of the United States Congress*.
2. William H. Kirkpatrick at the *Biographical Directory of Federal Judges*, a publication of the Federal Judicial Center.
3. "Cumberstone". *www.google.com/maps*.
4. Allen, William T.; Kraakman, Reinier; Subramanian, Guhan (2009), *Commentaries and Cases on the Law of Business Organization* (3d ed.), Austin, TX: Wolters Kluwer, p. 631 n.19, ISBN 978-0-7355-8600-0
5. 35 F. Supp. 22 (E.D. Pa. 1940).
6. 69 F. Supp. 512 (E.D. Pa. 1946).
7. Gendebien, Albert W. (1986). *The Biography of a College: A History of Lafayette College 1927 - 1978*. Easton, PA: Lafayette College.

## InfoBox

| William H. Kirkpatrick | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Senior Judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania | |
| **In office**
May 1, 1958  November 28, 1970 | |
| Chief Judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania | |
| **In office**
1948–1958 | |
| Preceded by | *Office established* |
| Succeeded by | James Cullen Ganey |
| Judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania | |
| **In office**
March 3, 1927  May 1, 1958 | |
| Appointed by | Calvin Coolidge |
| Preceded by | *Seat established by 44 Stat. 1347* |
| Succeeded by | Harold Kenneth Wood |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Pennsylvania's 26th district | |
| **In office**
March 4, 1921  March 3, 1923 | |
| Preceded by | Henry Joseph Steele |
| Succeeded by | Thomas Wharton Phillips Jr. |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | William Huntington Kirkpatrick
(1885-10-02)October 2, 1885
Easton, Pennsylvania |
| Died | November 28, 1970(1970-11-28) (aged 85)
Cumberstone, Maryland |
| Political party | Republican |
| Parent |  |
| Education | Lafayette College (A.B.)
University of Pennsylvania Law School |
|  | |


title: William H. Ketcham

abstract: Wiliam Henry Ketcham, also known as Father Ketcham or Ketchum, was the Director of the Bureau of Catholic Indian Missions, and Commissioner of the U.S. Board of Indian Commissioners. His Catholic missionary work earned him the honorary names "Wambli Wakita" or Watching Eagle in Sioux and "Apostle of the Indians."

text:
# William H. Ketcham

**Wiliam Henry Ketcham** (June 1, 1868 – November 14, 1921), also known as **Father Ketcham or Ketchum**, was the Director of the Bureau of Catholic Indian Missions, and Commissioner of the U.S. Board of Indian Commissioners. His Catholic missionary work earned him the honorary names "Wambli Wakita" or Watching Eagle in Sioux and "Apostle of the Indians."

## Early life

William Henry Ketcham was born in Sumner, Iowa to Alonzo Bernardo Ketcham and Josephine Shanafelt. Both of his parents were Anglicans of Puritan ancestry.

In 1885 Ketcham was sent to the Jesuit St. Charles College in Iowa and was received into the Catholic church that same year. Later on in life, his sister, Ella, his mother and his father all became Catholics. In 1889, Oklahoma was opened up to white settlers and Ketcham and his family moved to this "new country." William would remain a lifelong devotee to Oklahoma and is quoted as saying:

"I claim Oklahoma as my home — my father, mother and sister live in Oklahoma City — and I am particularly interested in the welfare of the Indian population, which to my mind is inseparable from Oklahoma. According to our Choctaw language, Oklahoma means " 'Red People,' for it is composed of Choctaw words 'Okla' (signifying 'people') and 'homa,' which means 'red'."

Father Ketcham was ordained by Reverend Theophile Meerschaert at Guthrie in 1892. He was the first priest for this Vicariate, earning him the title proto-priest.

## Career

After his ordination, Father Ketcham first came to Cayuga Springs, OK where the Wyandots had moved to in 1874. Mathias Splitlog sent for him shortly after, in 1893 Ketcham confirmed both Splitlog and his wife and they began work on the Splitlog Church that same year. Father Ketcham was appointed missionary to the people of Cherokee and Creek Nations in Oklahoma. His dedication to his missionary work and his zeal for founding new missions did not go unnoticed and Father Meerschaert decided to transfer him in 1897 to the Choctaw Nation to continue his work. Within a year he had established missions at Albion, Cameron, Fanshawe, Howe, Poteau, Talihina, Tuskahoma and Wister. He realized, in order to increase his influence, he would need to learn the Choctaw language. He was only the second priest to endeavor to do so. His Choctaw language skills allowed him to publish various hymns, prayers and books in Choctaw.

In 1900, Father Ketcham was sent to Washington, D.C. to serve the Board of Indian Commissioners. He served the Board until his death, of which nine years as Commissioner.

In 1901, Father Ketcham became Director of the Bureau of Catholic Indian Missions. At this time, the government had just revoked all contracts with Indian schools and many Catholics saw the existence of the schools as a hopeless situation. The government reasoned that if Indian families had to pay for their children's education themselves, they would be encourage to become self sufficient. In reality, Indian families often lacked funds to pay tuition fees and had to enroll their children into government schools.

In response, Father Ketcham founded the Society for the Preservation of the Faith among Indian Children and a newspaper publication called *The Indian Sentinel*. Through membership feed and donations, Father Ketcham was able to prevent the closure of 42 Catholic Indian schools.

Under his administration, the Bureau's treasury had collected $1,600,000 by 1917 and disbursed it to the Indian missions, despite facing political and anti-Catholic opposition. He contributed an article on the Bureau to the *Catholic Encyclopedia*.

Father Ketcham was a staunch advocate for Indian families' choice of education. He was involved in overturning the Browning policy in 1901, that denied Indian parents the right to choose where their children went to school, letting the Indian Agents decide instead.

In 1904, he joined lobbying efforts to reinstate government rations to Indian children in the Indian Appropriations Act. In years prior, the government ruled that rations would only be handed out to children in government schools, non-sectarian schools or staying at home. The denial of rations forced Indian parents facing economic hardships or failed crops to enroll their children in government schools.

## Death

Father Ketcham died at eight o'clock on the morning of November 14, 1921 at the age of 53. He had been sent to the Choctaw Indian Mission of Tucker, Mississippi to compile a report for the Commissioner of Indian Affairs. After three weeks of work, Ketcham sent a letter to Washington D.C. relaying the message his return would be delayed because of an illness. The next morning at breakfast, he fell out of his chair, was quickly absolved and anointed and passed away.

## Publications

## InfoBox

| Wiliam H. Ketcham | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | Wiliam Henry Ketcham
(1868-06-01)June 1, 1868
Sumner, Iowa, US |
| Died | November 14, 1921(1921-11-14) (aged 53)
Tucker, Mississippi, US |
| Education | St. Charles College |
| Occupation | Clergyman |


title: William Henry Boulton

abstract: William Henry Boulton was a lawyer and political figure in Canada West. He served as Mayor of Toronto from 1845 to 1847. In 1858, he was considered "a colourful figure with varied interests" due to his seemingly polar opposite influences in office. He was inclined to the "sympathies for Family Compact traditions" and the inherent righteousness of the Church of England juxtaposed to elective institutions, the "rep-by-pop" system, and his interests in republicanism and "popularism". He was a highly influential member of the Orange Order in Canada, as he was made deputy grand master of British North America for the Toronto Orange Lodge in 1854. William supported the "more Protestant and vocal wing" of the Orange Order, led by George Benjamin over the Orangeism of Ogle Robert Gowan. Both sides of Boulton's family had connections to the Family Compact,wherein William was considered a part of the "third generation family". His paternal grandfather was Chief Justice George D'Arcy Boulton, his cousin was D'Arcy Boulton Jr., and he was nephew to Family Compact leader Sir John Beverly Robinson, in addition to George Strange Boulton and Henry John Boulton. Boulton died in Toronto in 1874.

text:
# William Henry Boulton

**William Henry Boulton** (April 19, 1812 – February 15, 1874) was a lawyer and political figure in Canada West. He served as Mayor of Toronto from 1845 to 1847. In 1858, he was considered "a colourful figure with varied interests" due to his seemingly polar opposite influences in office. He was inclined to the "sympathies for Family Compact traditions" and the inherent righteousness of the Church of England (especially in educational institutions) juxtaposed to elective institutions, the "rep-by-pop" system, and his interests in republicanism and "popularism".

He was a highly influential member of the Orange Order in Canada, as he was made deputy grand master of British North America for the Toronto Orange Lodge in 1854. William supported the "more Protestant and vocal wing" of the Orange Order, led by George Benjamin over the Orangeism of Ogle Robert Gowan.

Both sides of Boulton's family had connections to the Family Compact,wherein William was considered a part of the "third generation family". His paternal grandfather was Chief Justice George D'Arcy Boulton, his cousin was D'Arcy Boulton Jr., and he was nephew to Family Compact leader Sir John Beverly Robinson, in addition to George Strange Boulton and Henry John Boulton.

Boulton died in Toronto in 1874.

## Life and career

Boulton was born in York (Toronto) in Upper Canada in 1812. He was the eldest son of D'Arcy Boulton Jr. (1785–1846) and Sarah Ann Robinson, and the grandson of G. D'Arcy Boulton. He studied law, became an attorney at 23, and entered practice with Gamble and Boulton. He was also a keen cricketer, and his public support of the Canadian cricket team is said to have significantly furthered his political ambitions.

Boulton was somewhat of a demagogue, occasionally opting to fire up opinion over action in order to retain his position, once warning electors that their interests would be sacrificed to the "Tobacco-smoking, Dram Drinking (a "dram" being a "small amount of whisky"), Garlick Eating Frenchmen" following the "Conservative debacle" of 1847–1848.

He was first elected to Toronto city council in 1838. In 1844, he was elected to the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada, representing Toronto as a Conservative member. He was re-elected in 1848 and 1851. He was known to oppose a bill proposing King's College to be a secular institution which was affiliated to the Church of England in Canada at that time. He supported a surprise constitutional amendment which created the Legislative Council in order to develop “the elective system more fully". However, this was not agreed upon by Conservatives backing Boulton, and so he campaigned for another aspect in 1851. The need for "radical changes in the working of the Government" was his main proposition in this period. He was supported by the Orange Order in Toronto and was also viewed as a member of the Family Compact. In 1854, he became deputy grand master for the order in British North America. After he left politics, he continued to practice law.

As Mayor of Toronto, one of Boulton's major interests was the Provincial Agricultural Association. Boulton would play a "leading role" in the decision of the Toronto City Council to vote $20,000 towards an exhibition building for industrial and agricultural arts – this building would become the Crystal Palace, opened in 1858. There would be annual exhibitions there for eight years, until 1866. The Crystal Palace would burn down on October 18, 1906. The Toronto Horticulture Building stands in the former location of the Crystal Palace.

Boulton was disliked and feared by Reformers Robert Baldwin and George Brown.

Boulton was married to woman named Harriette Elizabeth Dixon, and they did not have any children. After Boulton's death in 1874, Dixon would marry Professor Goldwin Smith a year later, in 1875.

The majority of Boulton's support came from the Toronto Orangemen, grateful for Boulton's "efforts in having the act of 1843 restricting party processions" repealed. However, Boulton himself would claim that he owed his 1851 election victory to "the bone and sinew of the country...the mechanics, the artisans, and the labourers".

His former residence, "The Grange", is now part of the Art Gallery of Ontario. The Boultons were said to be very hospitable people and hosted many guests at the Grange. Lord Elgin, when Governor-General of Canada, was a guest of Boulton in the home when Boulton was Mayor of Toronto, during Elgin's tour of Canada West in 1847. It received the name "The Grange" after the family estate in England. Boulton lived in the home until his death in 1874.

## Sources

## InfoBox

| William Henry Boulton | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| 8th Mayor of Toronto | |
| **In office**
1845–1847 | |
| Preceded by | Henry Sherwood |
| Succeeded by | George Gurnett |
| **In office**
1858–1858 | |
| Preceded by | John Hutchison |
| Succeeded by | David Breakenridge Read |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1812-04-19)April 19, 1812
York (Toronto), Upper Canada |
| Died | February 15, 1874(1874-02-15) (aged 61)
Toronto, Ontario |
|  | |


title: 1816 Indiana gubernatorial election

abstract: The 1816 Indiana gubernatorial election took place on August 5, 1816, under the provisions of the recently ratified Constitution of Indiana. It was the first gubernatorial election in the State of Indiana. Jonathan Jennings, the longtime U.S. territorial delegate from Indiana and president of the state's constitutional convention, defeated Thomas Posey, the incumbent territorial governor, with 56.9% of the vote. The election was held concurrently with elections for lieutenant governor and members of the Indiana General Assembly. At the time of the election, the Democratic-Republican Party was dominant nationally following the War of 1812, and the politics of the new state were conducted on a nonpartisan basis. Geographic factionalism and the personal reputation of the candidates provided the ammunition with which the campaign would be fought. In spite of this, the campaign was spirited: of the barely more than 12,000 eligible voters, more than 9,000 cast ballots in the gubernatorial election. Jennings was well known to the voting public, having represented the Indiana Territory in the United States Congress for more than half a decade. A resident of Clark County, he was associated with the Eastern faction in territorial politics and a leading opponent of slavery. In a campaign typical of the era, he presented his visits with voters as personal in nature in order to avoid the appearance of electioneering. Posey, the incumbent, was unpopular and, due to his absence from the territorial capital in Corydon, lacked the necessary political connections to wage an effective campaign. On election day, Jennings defeated Posey handily by a margin of well over 1,000 votes.

text:
# 1816 Indiana gubernatorial election

The **1816 Indiana gubernatorial election** took place on August 5, 1816, under the provisions of the recently ratified Constitution of Indiana. It was the first gubernatorial election in the State of Indiana. Jonathan Jennings, the longtime U.S. territorial delegate from Indiana and president of the state's constitutional convention, defeated Thomas Posey, the incumbent territorial governor, with 56.9% of the vote. The election was held concurrently with elections for lieutenant governor and members of the Indiana General Assembly.

At the time of the election, the Democratic-Republican Party was dominant nationally following the War of 1812, and the politics of the new state were conducted on a nonpartisan basis. Geographic factionalism and the personal reputation of the candidates provided the ammunition with which the campaign would be fought. In spite of this, the campaign was spirited: of the barely more than 12,000 eligible voters, more than 9,000 cast ballots in the gubernatorial election.

Jennings was well known to the voting public, having represented the Indiana Territory in the United States Congress for more than half a decade. A resident of Clark County, he was associated with the Eastern faction in territorial politics and a leading opponent of slavery. In a campaign typical of the era, he presented his visits with voters as personal in nature in order to avoid the appearance of electioneering. Posey, the incumbent, was unpopular and, due to his absence from the territorial capital in Corydon, lacked the necessary political connections to wage an effective campaign. On election day, Jennings defeated Posey handily by a margin of well over 1,000 votes.

## Results

1816 Indiana gubernatorial election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Nonpartisan** | **Jonathan Jennings** | **5,211** | **56.98%** | **+56.98%** |
|  | Nonpartisan | Thomas Posey (incumbent) | 3,934 | 43.02% | +43.02% |
| Total votes | | | **9,145** | **100.00%** |  |
| Turnout | | | 9,145 | 75.50% |  |
| Registered electors | | | 12,112 |  |  |

### Results by county

The official election returns appear to have been lost. The Vincennes *Western Sun* in its editions of August 17 and 24, 1816 gives the returns of four of the state's fifteen counties as follows.

|  | Jonathan Jennings
Nonpartisan | | Thomas Posey
Nonpartisan | | County total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| County | Votes | Percent | Votes | Percent |  |
| Jackson | 124 | 84.93 | 22 | 15.07 | 146 |
| Knox | 174 | 23.36 | 571 | 76.64 | 745 |
| Orange | 66 | 12.86 | 447 | 86.94 | 513 |
| Washington | 257 | 41.72 | 359 | 58.28 | 616 |

## Bibliography

* Riker, Dorothy; Thornbrough, Gayle (1960). *Indiana Election Returns: 1816-1851*. Indiana Historical Bureau.
* Riker, Dorothy (December 1932). "Jonathan Jennings". *Indiana Magazine of History*. **28** (4): 223–239.
* Foughty, Trevor. "1816 Indiana General Election Results: Governor". *Capitol & Washington*. Retrieved June 20, 2021.

## InfoBox

1816 Indiana gubernatorial election
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Nominee **Jonathan Jennings** Thomas Posey   Party Nonpartisan Nonpartisan  Popular vote **5,211** 3,934  Percentage **56.98%** 43.02% | |
| ---  County results
**Jennings:**      80–90%
**Posey:**      50–60%      70–80%      80–90% | |
| ---  **Governor before election**
Thomas Posey (governor of the Indiana Territory)
Nonpartisan **Elected Governor**
Jonathan Jennings
Nonpartisan | |


title: Volvarina taina

abstract: Volvarina taina is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Marginellidae, the margin snails.

text:
# Volvarina taina

***Volvarina taina*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Marginellidae, the margin snails.

## Description

The length of the shell is 8.3 mm, and its diameter is 23.3 mm

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off Cuba in the Caribbean Sea.

## InfoBox

| *Volvarina taina* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Family: | Marginellidae |
| Genus: | *Volvarina* |
| Species: | ***V. taina*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Volvarina taina***<br>Espinosa & Ortea, 2013 | |
|


title: Teruel, Huila

abstract: Teruel is a town and municipality in the Huila Department, Colombia.

text:
# Teruel, Huila

**Teruel** is a town and municipality in the Huila Department, Colombia.

2°45′N 75°34′W / 2.750°N 75.567°W / 2.750; -75.567

## InfoBox

| Teruel, Huila | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality and town | |
|  | |
| Location of the municipality and town of Teruel, Huila in the Huila Department of Colombia. | |
| Country | Colombia |
| Department | Huila Department |
| Elevation | 910 m (2,990 ft) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Colombia Standard Time) |


title: Na+-transporting two-sector ATPase

abstract:
In enzymology, a Na+-transporting two-sector ATPase (EC 3.6.3.15) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
  - ATP + H2O ⇌ ADP + phosphate Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are ATP and H2O, whereas its two products are ADP and phosphate. This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those acting on acid anhydrides to catalyse transmembrane movement of substances. The systematic name of this enzyme class is ATP phosphohydrolase (Na+-transporting).

text:
# Na+-transporting two-sector ATPase

In enzymology, a **Na+-transporting two-sector ATPase** (EC 3.6.3.15) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

ATP + H2O $\rightleftharpoons $ ADP + phosphate

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are ATP and H2O, whereas its two products are ADP and phosphate.

This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those acting on acid anhydrides to catalyse transmembrane movement of substances. The systematic name of this enzyme class is **ATP phosphohydrolase (Na+-transporting)**.

* Solioz M, Davies K (1994). "Operon of vacuolar-type Na+-ATPase of Enterococcus hirae". *J. Biol. Chem*. **269** (13): 9453–9. PMID 8144530.
* Takase K, Kakinuma S, Yamato I, Konishi K, Igarashi K, Kakinuma Y (1994). "Sequencing and characterization of the ntp gene cluster for vacuolar-type Na+-translocating ATPase of Enterococcus hirae". *J. Biol. Chem*. **269** (15): 11037–44. PMID 8157629.
* Rahlfs S, Muller V (1997). "Sequence of subunit c of the Na(+)-translocating F1F0 ATPase of Acetobacterium woodii: proposal for determinants of Na+ specificity as revealed by sequence comparisons". *FEBS Lett*. **404** (2–3): 269–71. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(97)00088-4. PMID 9119076.

## InfoBox

| sodium-transporting ATPase, rotational mechanism | |
| --- | --- |
| Identifiers | |
| EC no. | 3.6.3.15 |
| Databases | |
| IntEnz | IntEnz view |
| BRENDA | BRENDA entry |
| ExPASy | NiceZyme view |
| KEGG | KEGG entry |
| MetaCyc | metabolic pathway |
| PRIAM | profile |
| PDB structures | RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum |
| Gene Ontology | AmiGO / QuickGO |
| Search  PMC articles  PubMed articles  NCBI proteins | |


title: Mizuki Nomura

abstract: Mizuki Nomura is a Japanese light novelist. Table Tennis was the best prize winner in the third Entame Prize (えんため大賞) in the novel category held by Enterbrain in 2003.

text:
# Mizuki Nomura

**Mizuki Nomura** (野村美月, *Nomura Mizuki*) is a Japanese light novelist. *Table Tennis* was the best prize winner in the third Entame Prize (えんため大賞) in the novel category held by Enterbrain in 2003.

## Works

* *Table Tennis* series (卓球場シリーズ, *Takkyū-ba shirīzu*)
* *Angel's Base Ball* (天使のベースボール, *Tenshi no bēsubōru*)
* *Bad! Daddy*
* *Rabbit Love* (うさ恋。, *Usa koi*)
* *Book Girl* ("文学少女"シリーズ, *Bungaku shōjo*)
* *When Hikaru was on the Earth* ("ヒカルが地球にいたころ" シリーズ, *Hikaru ga chikyū ni ita koro*)
* *Dress na Boku ga Yangotonaki Katagata no Kateikyōshi-sama na Kudan* (ドレスな僕がやんごとなき方々の家庭教師様な件)
* *Kyūketsuki ni Natta Kimi ha Eien no Ai o Hajimeru* (吸血鬼になったキミは永遠の愛をはじめる)
* *Manuscript Screening Boy and Manuscript Submitting Girl*

1. えんため大賞第三回受賞作品 \[3rd Entame Prize Winning Works\] (PDF) (in Japanese).

## InfoBox

| Mizuki Nomura | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Fukushima |
| Nationality | Japanese |
| Occupation | Novelist |
| Known for | *Book Girl* |


title: Mizuki Station

abstract: Mizuki Station Mizuki Station is a passenger railway station located in the city of Ōnojō, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by JR Kyushu.

text:
# Mizuki Station

**Mizuki Station** (水城駅, *Mizuki-eki*) is a passenger railway station located in the city of Ōnojō, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by JR Kyushu.

## Lines

The station is served by the Kagoshima Main Line and is located 88.8 km from the starting point of the line at Mojiko.

## Layout

The station consists of two opposed side platforms serving two tracks at grade, which are connected to the station building by a footbridge. The station is staffed.

### Platforms

| **1** | JB Kagoshima Main Line | for Futsukaichi and Tosu |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **2** | JB Kagoshima Main Line | for Hakata and Kokura |

## History

The station was opened by Japanese Government Railways (JGR) on 21 September 1913 as an additional station on the existing Kagoshima Main Line track. With the privatization of Japanese National Railways (JNR), the successor of JGR, on 1 April 1987, JR Kyushu took over control of the station.

## Passenger statistics

In fiscal 2020, the station was used by an average of 1661 passengers daily (boarding passengers only), and it ranked 86th among the busiest stations of JR Kyushu.

## Surrounding area

Media related to Mizuki Station (Fukuoka) at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| JB  06  Mizuki Station
水城駅 | |
| --- | --- |
| Mizuki Station | |
| General information | |
| Location | 3-chōme-1 Shimoōri, Ōnojō-shi, Fukuoka-ken 816-0952
Japan |
| Coordinates | 33°31′04″N 130°29′25″E / 33.5179°N 130.4902°E / 33.5179; 130.4902 |
| Operated by | JR Kyushu |
| Line(s) | JB Kagoshima Main Line |
| Distance | 88.8 km from Mojikō |
| Platforms | 2 side platforms |
| Tracks | 2 |
| Construction | |
| Structure type | At grade |
| Other information | |
| Status | Staffed (*Ask me anything! "Do~zo"(なんでも私に聞いてください！「ど～ぞ」)*) |
| Website | Official website |
| History | |
| Opened | 21 September 1913 (1913-09-21) |
| Passengers | |
|  | |
| FY2020 | 1661 daily |
| Rank | 86th (among JR Kyushu stations) |
|  | |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station  JR Kyushu Following station  Tofurōminamitowards Kagoshima  Kagoshima Main Line  Ōnojōtowards Mojikō | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location  Mizuki StationLocation within Fukuoka PrefectureMizuki StationMizuki Station (Japan) | |


title: Whitewater Hotel

abstract: The Whitewater Hotel in Whitewater, Wisconsin was built in 1894. It was renovated in 2006. According to the National Park Service: Between its construction in 1894 and its general demise as a functioning hotel around 1952, the Whitewater Hotel was an important component in the commercial life of the city of Whitewater. During this period, Whitewater's economy was almost entirely dependent upon commerce and the only area of growth was in agricultural commerce. The Whitewater Hotel had a prime location near businesses catering to agricultural commerce. The Hotel's location across the street from the Whitewater Passenger Depot gave it a ready-made clientele for people using the railroad. In 2006 the Whitewater Hotel was renovated under the federal and state tax credit program for the historic renovation of National Register-eligible buildings. Today, the building is used for apartments and a cafe. The building was listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places on January 21, 2010. The listing was announced as the featured listing in the National Park Service's weekly list of January 29, 2010.

text:
# Whitewater Hotel

The **Whitewater Hotel** in Whitewater, Wisconsin was built in 1894.

It was renovated in 2006.

According to the National Park Service:

> Between its construction in 1894 and its general demise as a functioning hotel around 1952, the Whitewater Hotel was an important component in the commercial life of the city of Whitewater. During this period, Whitewater's economy was almost entirely dependent upon commerce and the only area of growth was in agricultural commerce. The Whitewater Hotel had a prime location near businesses catering to agricultural commerce. The Hotel's location across the street from the Whitewater Passenger Depot gave it a ready-made clientele for people using the railroad. In 2006 the Whitewater Hotel was renovated under the federal and state tax credit program for the historic renovation of National Register-eligible buildings. Today, the building is used for apartments and a cafe.

The building was listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places on January 21, 2010. The listing was announced as the featured listing in the National Park Service's weekly list of January 29, 2010.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Whitewater Hotel | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | 226 W. Whitewater St., Whitewater, Wisconsin |
| Coordinates | 42°49′56.71″N 88°43′58.94″W / 42.8324194°N 88.7330389°W / 42.8324194; -88.7330389 |
| Area | less than 1 acre (0.40 ha) |
| Built | 1894 |
| Architectural style | Queen Anne |
| NRHP reference No. | 09001273 |
| Added to NRHP | January 21, 2010 |


title: Why Do I Always Get It Wrong

abstract: "Why Do I Always Get it Wrong?", written and composed by Brian Hodgson and John Beeby, was the United Kingdom's entry at the Eurovision Song Contest 1989, performed by the sextet Live Report, led by Ray Caruana.

text:
# Why Do I Always Get It Wrong

"**Why Do I Always Get it Wrong?**", written and composed by Brian Hodgson and John Beeby, was the United Kingdom's entry at the Eurovision Song Contest 1989, performed by the sextet Live Report, led by Ray Caruana.

## Composition

For the second year in a row, the UK entered a ballad at the Eurovision final. This song revolved around a man who took off running "where \[his lover\] won't find \[him\]", as they cause him to hurt, and leaving their presence for good is the only way to stop the pain. Crying out against his illogical love for the person who has treated him so badly, Caruana asks, "why do I always get it wrong?".

## Selection process

Live Report won the right to perform at the contest, held in Lausanne, by winning the UK national final, *A Song for Europe*, where they were the sixth act to perform. For the second of four consecutive years, Live Report was picked via a nationwide telephone vote, receiving more than twice as many votes as the second-place finisher.

## At Eurovision

At Lausanne, the song was performed seventh on the night, after Belgium's Ingeborg Sergeant with "Door de wind", and before Norway's Britt Synnøve with "Venners nærhet". At the end of judging that evening, "Why Do I Always Get it Wrong?" took the second-place slot with 130 points. Norway, Portugal, Luxembourg, France and Germany all gave their 12-point designations to the UK that evening. Despite losing the contest by seven points to Yugoslavia's Riva with "Rock Me," the UK actually received the most sets of 12 point designations for the evening (Yugoslavia received the 12 points from four countries).

## Charts

After Eurovision, the song placed at No. 73 on the UK Singles Chart, the lowest chart placing for a British runner-up Eurovision entry.

| Chart (1989) | Peak<br>position |
| --- | --- |
| UK Singles Official Charts Company | 73 |
|

## InfoBox

| "Why Do I Always Get it Wrong" | |
| --- | --- |
| Eurovision Song Contest 1989 entry | |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Artist(s) | * Ray Caruana * John Beeby * Brian Hodgson * Maggie Jay * Mike Bell * Peter May |
| As | Live Report |
| Language | English |
| Composer(s) | * Brian Hodgson * John Beeby |
| Conductor | Ronnie Hazlehurst |
| Finals performance | |
| Final result | 2nd |
| Final points | 130 |
| Entry chronology | |
| **◄ "Go" (1988)** | |
| **"Give a Little Love Back to the World" (1990) ►** | |


# Wheelchair tennis at the 2016 Summer Paralympics – Women's doubles

| Women's doubles | |
| --- | --- |
| Wheelchair tennis at the 2016 Summer Paralympics | |

The women's doubles wheelchair tennis tournament at the 2016 Paralympic Games in Rio de Janeiro was held at the Olympic Tennis Centre in the Barra Olympic Park in Barra da Tijuca in the west zone of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil from 9 to 16 September 2016.

## Draw

### Preliminaries

The women's doubles consisted of ten pairings. In the first round, four of these pairings played off for the final two places in the quarterfinals. The other six pairings received byes to the last eight.

### Final rounds

|  | Quarterfinals | | | | |  |  | Semifinals | | | | |  |  | Gold medal match | | | | |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 1 | **Jiske Griffioen (NED)
Aniek van Koot (NED)** | 6 | 6 |  |  |  | | | | | | |  | | | | | | |
|  | | | | | | | ||
|  |  | Shelby Baron (USA)
Emmy Kaiser (USA) | 2 | 1 |  |  | ||
|  | | | | | | |  | 1 | **Jiske Griffioen (NED)
Aniek van Koot (NED)** | 6 | 6 |  |  | |
|  | | | | | | | | *top half* | | | | |  | |
|  | |  |  | 3 | Lucy Shuker (GBR)
Jordanne Whiley (GBR) | 3 | 3 |  |  ||
|  | 3 | | | | | | | | **Lucy Shuker (GBR)
Jordanne Whiley (GBR)** | 6 | 6 |  |  | |
|  | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | |
|  | |  | Macarena Cabrillana (CHI)
Francisca Mardones (CHI) | 0 | 0 |  |  ||
|  | | | | | | |  | 1 | **Jiske Griffioen (NED)
Aniek van Koot (NED)** | 6 | 6 |  |  |
|  | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | |  |
|  | |  |  | 2 | Marjolein Buis (NED)
Diede De Groot (NED) | 4 | 2 |  |  |
|  |  | | | | | | | | Huang Huimin (CHN)
Zhu Zhenzhen (CHN) | 3 | 0 |  |  |  | | | | | | |
|  | | | | | | | |
|  | 4 | **Yui Kamiji (JPN)
Miho Nijo (JPN)** | 6 | 6 |  |  | |
|  | | | | | | |  | 4 | Yui Kamiji (JPN)
Miho Nijo (JPN) | 4 | 7 | 5 |  |  | Bronze medal match | | | | |
|  | | | | | | | | *bottom half* | | | | |  |
|  | |  |  | 2 | **Marjolein Buis (NED)
Diede De Groot (NED)** | 6 | 5 | 7 |  |
|  |  | | | | | | | | Dana Mathewson (USA)
Kaitlyn Verfuerth (USA) | 2 | 4 |  |  |  | 3 | **Lucy Shuker (GBR)
Jordanne Whiley (GBR)** | 6 | 0 | 6 |
|  | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  | | 2 | **Marjolein Buis (NED)
Diede De Groot (NED)** | 6 | 6 |  |  |  | 4 | Yui Kamiji (JPN)
Miho Nijo (JPN) | 3 | 6 | 1 |

1. Rio 2016, Wheelchair Tennis Women's doubles - medalists, from Rio2012.org.
2. "Rio 2016 - Wheelchair Tennis - Play Schedule Women's Doubles" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-10-31.

## InfoBox

| Wheelchair tennis – Women's doubles
at the XV Paralympic Games | |
| --- | --- |
| Paralympic wheelchair tennis | |
| Venue | Olympic Tennis Centre |
| Dates | 9–16 September 2016 |
| Competitors | 20 (10 pairs) from 8 nations |
| Medalists | |
| Jiske Griffioen (NED)
Aniek van Koot (NED)  Marjolein Buis (NED)
Diede De Groot (NED)  Lucy Shuker (GBR)
Jordanne Whiley (GBR) | |
|


title: Mladen Vojičić Tifa

abstract: Mladen Vojičić, better known by his nickname Tifa, is a Bosnian rock vocalist. He gained acclaim throughout former Yugoslavia for his brief stint as the lead singer of Bijelo Dugme in the mid-1980s. Apart from Bijelo dugme, Tifa sang in numerous bands with varying degrees of prominence. Undisputedly a singer with great vocal capabilities and a distinct vocal range, his impulsive personality and irrational character have often garnered controversy region-wide. Nowadays, Tifa maintains a relatively successful solo career. He lives in his hometown of Sarajevo.

text:
# Mladen Vojičić Tifa

**Mladen Vojičić** (Serbian Cyrillic: Младен Војичић; born 17 October 1960), better known by his nickname **Tifa** (Serbian Cyrillic: Тифа), is a Bosnian rock vocalist. He gained acclaim throughout former Yugoslavia for his brief stint as the lead singer of Bijelo Dugme in the mid-1980s.

Apart from Bijelo dugme, Tifa sang in numerous bands with varying degrees of prominence (most notable being Teška Industrija, Vatreni Poljubac and Divlje Jagode). Undisputedly a singer with great vocal capabilities and a distinct vocal range, his impulsive personality and irrational character have often garnered controversy region-wide.

Nowadays, Tifa maintains a relatively successful solo career. He lives in his hometown of Sarajevo.

## Early life

Vojičić was born in Sarajevo, to a Bosnian Serb father Branko and a Bosnian Croat mother Jelena, at a time when Sarajevo was part of PR Bosnia and Herzegovina, Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia. He was nicknamed *Tifa* before reaching the age of 4 because he loved trains and would often shout "Ide lokomo**tifa**" (properly pronounced "Ide lokomotiva" meaning "Here comes the locomotive") because he had problems pronouncing the phoneme "v".

He displayed an early propensity for singing. By the age of 5, he knew the entire repertoire of Indexi. In primary school Tifa was an excellent student. Around that time he was a fan of UK band Sweet. He completed gymnasium, but did not excel at university. To please his intellectual father, he tried to work towards a "real job" by attending a number of University of Sarajevo faculties (mechanical engineering, architecture, civil engineering, geodesy), but ultimately abandoned each of them before devoting to music full-time.

## Musical career

### Early years

Tifa started out as a bass guitar player in the first group he was involved with (**Prvi čin**). After barely a month, he moved on to **Kako kad** and only started singing when the lead singer didn't show up for rehearsal one day. After some time the band dissolved as everybody except Tifa lost their interest in music. Tifa's last band before conscript military service in October 1980 was called **Paradox**.

While in the army he stayed in touch with Zlatan Čehić, Paradox's bass player. Together, they also started working on tracks by mailing packages back and forth containing audio cassettes with Zlatan composing and Tifa writing the lyrics. Upon his return from the army, Tifa learned that Paradox had been dissolved and that Zlatan joined another band named **Top**, so he took back all of his lyrics and sought a new band to play with, only to eventually end up in Top also. They lasted until January 1983.

In the meantime, word spread around Sarajevo about Tifa's excellent vocal skills, so people started coming to him with offers of joining their groups. This led to engagements in a few bands, none of which existed long enough to achieve any prominence. Briefly, he was even a fringe member of the freshly re-activated Teška industrija that made use of his lyrics in 1984 to record a few tracks on their comeback album *Ponovo s vama* ("With you again").

### Bijelo dugme

Just as he was trying to get in touch with Milić Vukašinović for a possible stint with his band, Tifa got a dream offer very few struggling musicians would dare refuse. In early 1984, Goran Bregović invited him to join Bijelo Dugme, the biggest band in SFR Yugoslavia at the time, as replacement to recently departed Željko Bebek.

Being only 24 years old, Tifa was ill-prepared for the instant fame he was about to step into. To make matters even more difficult, his alcoholism and drug problem continued to deteriorate his character and motivation. During most of the recording sessions, Tifa was under the influence of drugs or alcohol, but despite numerous personality issues, Bregović was very much satisfied with the quality of his young singer's voice. After finishing the Bijelo Dugme album, the band embarked on what would prove to be an extremely troublesome tour. The burden of replacing Željko Bebek as the lead vocal who spent previous 14 years with the band's various incarnations was just too heavy for Tifa to cope with. Bregović & co., all of whom were considerably older and more mature than their new vocalist, demanded discipline and professional approach, but got neither. To ease the pressure of playing in front of tens of thousands screaming fans every other night Tifa disappeared even further in his chemical addictions, making himself pretty much impossible to deal with. By October 1985, Bregović had finally had enough and kicked him out of the band. Tifa's last performance with Bijelo dugme took place in Moscow on 2 August 1985.

### Post-Dugme

That same year, Tifa managed to escape criminal prosecution despite being at the wrong end of a drug bust that saw a handful of dealers get arrested. Many have since wondered about the circumstances of the takedown, especially in light of the fact that Bijelo dugme drummer Ipe Ivandić ended up serving 2 years in jail for similar drug possession offence some four years earlier. The widely circulated unofficial story claims Tifa took a snitch deal from the police whereby providing the information they wanted about his suppliers in return for having the charges wiped off.

Back on the music front, his first post-Dugme move was a duet with Željko Bebek for Bebek's new project *Armija B* – they sang on a track called "Široko nam toplo polje glamočko". Two former Bijelo dugme frontmen even went on tour together, however proving once again he doesn't function well on the road, Tifa quit right in the middle of it, reasoning that it wasn't very successful anyway.

In the autumn 1986, he finally joined Milić Vukašinović's Vatreni poljubac recording *100% Rock'n'roll* album with them.

After failing to settle down there too, Tifa ended up in Divlje Jagode, fulfilling Sead Lipovača's wish of replacing Alen Islamović with someone from "Bregović's clan" as revenge for Alen's transfer to Bijelo dugme. Tifa participated in the recordings of their album titled *Konji* and even contributed a track of his own – "Zauvijek tvoj".

After making one album with Divlje Jagode, he left the group in 1988 and recorded new material under **Tifa & Vlado** moniker with keyboards player Vlado Podany (who earlier also played in Divlje Jagode and Armija B). However, no record company showed sufficient interest in releasing the album.

### Solo

In 1989, he successfully released his first solo album *No1* which he recorded with **Tifa Band**, a freshly assembled group consisting mostly of musicians from bands he previously played with: Aleksandar Šimpraga (ex Top), Vlado Podany (ex Divlje Jagode), Mustafa Čizmić (ex Bolero), and Veso Grumić (ex Top) with the help of Djordje Ilijin (ex Tako) who played keyboards during studio sessions. Tifa wrote most of the songs for the band.

In early 1990, Tifa performed concerts with new lineup of Tifa Band with Zlatan Čehić (his old collaborator from Paradox days) as one of the members. Tifa then put together a second solo album *Samo ljubav postoji* together with Zlatan. The executive producer of the album was Želimir Altarac Čičak.

He remained in his hometown during most of the siege of Sarajevo and even managed to record an album *Šareni dan* during that time. After getting viciously beaten up by some local heavies, an incident which he vehemently refuses to disclose any details about to this day, Tifa left Sarajevo in 1995 for Germany. Once there, he first caught up with Divlje Jagode again and then formed his own band. Shortly thereafter he returned to Sarajevo and carried on with his solo career.

#### FK Željezničar Sarajevo anthem

In 1997, Vojičić recorded the album *Grbavica* and his title song *Grbavica* became an anthem of local football club FK Željezničar Sarajevo support group The Maniacs, who sing lyrics of this song in every team's home match.

### 2005 Bijelo dugme reunion

In June 2005, Tifa took part in Bijelo Dugme reunion for 3 large farewell concerts, but even then the reports of trouble were not far behind. Apparently he and Bebek got into an argument backstage at the Sarajevo concert (the first in the series). Then, the day before the Belgrade concert (the final one in the series), irritated Tifa blasted Bregović and manager Raka Marić in *Kurir* daily tabloid: "I hear some are already talking about continuing on with the Dugme thing. No problem, but not with me. After this concert, I don't wanna see them again in this or in the next life. Maybe only in the third one. They took a year and a half out of my life, my kid has forgotten what I look like.*"*

He would reunite with the previous vocalists of Bijelo Dugme, Željko Bebek and Alen Islamović to form a group called "Kad Bi Bio Bijelo Dugme" in 2006 and go on a North American tour. They returned once again in 2007 and began their worldwide tour which lasted until the end of 2010.

### Solo return (2013–present)

In 2013, Tifa released his seventh solo album by the name *Spreman sam na sve*.

## Filmography

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1989 | *Top lista nadrealista* | Waiter | He played the role of a waiter in one segment of the Top lista nadrealista second television series in 1989 |
| 2007–2011 | *Lud, zbunjen, normalan* | Himself | He played himself in two episodes of the series. First in season 1 in episode 5 (2007) and the second time in season 4 in episode 115 (2011) |

## Discography

### Solo albums

* *No.1* (1989)
* *Samo ljubav postoji* (1990)
* *Dani bez tebe* (1995)
* *Grbavica* (1997)
* *Ostaću s'tobom* (2000)
* *Live – Skenderija 05. 10. 2001* (2001)
* *Spreman sam na sve* (2013)

### with Bijelo Dugme

### with Vatreni Poljubac

* *100% Rock 'n' Roll* (1986)

### with Divlje Jagode

* *Konji* (1988)

## InfoBox

| Tifa | |
| --- | --- |
| Tifa performing at a concert in Sarajevo, July 2011 | |
| Born | Mladen Vojičić
(1960-10-17) 17 October 1960
Sarajevo, PR Bosnia and Herzegovina, FPR Yugoslavia |
| Other names | Tifa |
| Spouse | Ljiljana Matić |
| Children | 1 |
| **Musical career** | |
| Genres | Heavy metal, hard rock, folk rock |
| Occupation | Singer |
| Instrument(s) | Vocals; guitar (bass guitar) |
| Years active | 1980–present |
| Website | www.tifa.ba (archived) |
|  | |


title: Whose War Is It?

abstract: Whose War Is It? is a non-fiction book by Jack Granatstein, a Canadian historian and military veteran. It critiques several aspects of Canadian politics, foreign policy and national defense, including Canadian involvement in United Nations peacekeeping missions, Canadian national interests, Canada – United States relations, the state of the Canadian Arctic, Quebec pacifism and Canada's policy of multiculturalism.

text:
# Whose War Is It?

***Whose War Is It?*** is a non-fiction book by Jack Granatstein (published *J.L. Granatstein*), a Canadian historian and military veteran. It critiques several aspects of Canadian politics, foreign policy and national defense, including Canadian involvement in United Nations peacekeeping missions, Canadian national interests, Canada – United States relations, the state of the Canadian Arctic, Quebec pacifism and Canada's policy of multiculturalism.

## Reception

The book received mainly positive reviews throughout major Canadian newspapers. The *Montreal Gazette* described the book as "essential reading for anybody interested in Canada's defence and foreign policy." The *Calgary Herald* described the book as "a short, sharp, reality slap to Canadians who think terrorists would never attack us given half an opportunity." *The Globe and Mail* asked the question: "Does Canada need a foreign policy? You bet it does, and \[Whose War Is It?\] tells us why."

The book, however, has been criticized for its oversimplification of issues by Kim Krenz, a journalist at the *Canadian Military Journal*.

1. Granatstein, J.L. Whose War Is It? Toronto: HarperCollins Canada, 2007. Print.
2. Whose War Is It? Review - Sevunts.com
3. Canadian Military Journal Review - Whose War Is It?

## InfoBox

Whose War Is It?
| First edition cover | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Jack Granatstein (published *J.L. Granatstein*) |
| Cover artist | Corbis |
| Language | English |
| Subject | Canadian political science |
| Publisher | HarperCollins Canada |
| Publication date | January 11, 2007 |
| Publication place | Canada |
| Media type | Print |
| Pages | 256 |
| ISBN | 978-0-00-222854-1 |


title: Moanatuatua Scientific Reserve

abstract: Moanatuatua scientific reserve is a 140 ha remnant of restiad (Restionaceae) peatland in the North Island of New Zealand. The bog was formerly ~ 7500 ha in size and was one of several large peatlands surrounding the city of Hamilton. Widespread drainage and conversion to agriculture has left only this small remnant of what was formerly the dominant ecosystem in the area. Moanatuatua is the best studied peatland in New Zealand, with research commencing in 1917 and at least 40 separate investigations during the next 100 years. The site is of international interest with research being carried out by scientists based in the UK and Canada as well as locally in New Zealand. The peat contains well-preserved pollen grains and plant remains dating back 14,000 years, making the site an important palaeoclimatic record for New Zealand and the south pacific.

text:
# Moanatuatua Scientific Reserve

**Moanatuatua scientific reserve** is a 140 ha remnant of restiad (Restionaceae) peatland in the North Island of New Zealand. The bog was formerly ~ 7500 ha in size and was one of several large peatlands surrounding the city of Hamilton. Widespread drainage and conversion to agriculture has left only this small remnant of what was formerly the dominant ecosystem in the area.

Moanatuatua is the best studied peatland in New Zealand, with research commencing in 1917 and at least 40 separate investigations during the next 100 years. The site is of international interest with research being carried out by scientists based in the UK and Canada as well as locally in New Zealand. The peat contains well-preserved pollen grains and plant remains dating back 14,000 years, making the site an important palaeoclimatic record for New Zealand and the south pacific.

## Conservation value

Moanatuatua is one of the only three known sites to contain the rare rush-like plant *Sporadanthus ferrugineus* and the endemic moth *Houdinia flexilissima* known as 'Fred the thread', claimed to be the thinnest caterpillar in the world. The bog is also an important regional habitat for the native Fernbird and provides habitat for Swamp harriers which may in turn help minimise crop losses from nearby blueberry farms. Other vegetation at the site includes the fern *Gleichenia dicarpa* and the plant *Empodisma robustum*.

## History of Moanatuatua bog

Moanatuatua bog was taken in 1863 from the traditional Kaitiaki during the New Zealand Wars under the New Zealand settlement act. The bog was surveyed in 1868 by Edwin Davey with the peat depth being measured every 10 feet, though unfortunately the map has since been lost. The land was then sold to James Farmer of Epsom who sold it on to the absentee landowner Thomas Grice of Cumberland. The bog was managed by Barnes Walker and Thomas Douglas, who independently acquired tracts of land surrounding the bog. Walker is believed to have played a prominent part in early attempts to drain the bog and was instrumental in digging the main central drain in the summer of 1869-1870. The drain was commented on by the geologist Laurence Cussen in 1893 as the outflow had recently eroded a gully 70 ft deep where it flowed into the Waikato river. During the time the drain was being dug the settlers came into conflict with local Māori when they attempted to drain land south of the Aukati or confiscation line, a farm worker, Timothy Sullivan was killed in the ensuing conflict. By 1888, 800 ha had been converted to pastoral land and 225 km of drains had been dug, Despite this, the land owners found themselves in financial trouble and sold the eastern part of the bog to the New Zealand government in 1893. The government re-sold 560 ha of the bog to Richard Reynolds who described his approach to converting the bog to pasture in the following terms: “You cannot burn a peat swamp too deep, dry it as fast as possible and burn it as much as possible”.

## Research carried out at Moanatuatua bog

During the late 19th century observations of the plants at Moanatuatua were carried out by the botanist Thomas Frederic Cheeseman. However research at Moanatuatua peatland did not begin in earnest until 1917 with the early investigations of the peat by Bernard Cracroft Aston. During the 1930s the peat depth, surface contours and vegetation were studied and the site was described by the botanist Lucy Cranwell. In the 1950s and 1960s further botanical work was carried out by Ella Orr Campbell. In 1946 the Rukuhia Soil Fertility Research Station was set up with the main objective of carrying out practical investigations into farming the surrounding peatland, however some limited research was also performed on the natural peat ecosystem including chemical and nutrient analysis prior to water table lowering. Since 2010 research at Moanatuatua bog has been focused on the effect of lower water tables on plants, nutrient cycling, carbon storage and palaeoclimatic reconstructions.

## InfoBox

| Moanatuatua Scientific Reserve | |
| --- | --- |
| From the center of the reserve looking out to Pirongia Mountain | |
| Location | North Island, New Zealand |
| Nearest city | Hamilton, New Zealand |
| Coordinates | 37°55′30″S 175°22′08″E / 37.925°S 175.369°E / -37.925; 175.369 |
| Area | 140 hectares (350 acres) |


title: Moanda railway station

abstract: Moanda railway station is a station on the Trans-Gabon Railway and the penultimate stop before Franceville railway station, the southern terminus of the railway. Like many stations of the Trans-Gabon, it lies outside the limits of Moanda itself, in an isolated plain. Moanda railway station lies 50 km to Franceville Railway Station and 661 km to Owendo, near Libreville. The Bangombe Plateau lies southwest to the station.

text:
# Moanda railway station

**Moanda railway station** is a station on the Trans-Gabon Railway and the penultimate stop before Franceville railway station, the southern terminus of the railway. Like many stations of the Trans-Gabon, it lies outside the limits of Moanda itself, in an isolated plain. Moanda railway station lies 50 km to Franceville Railway Station and 661 km to Owendo (PK 0), near Libreville. The Bangombe Plateau lies southwest to the station.

* Minko Monique. 1983. Les communications Terrestres. in *Geographie et Cartographie du Gabon, Atlas Illustré* led by The Ministère de l'Education Nationale de la Republique Gabonaise. Pg 86–87. Paris, France: Edicef

## InfoBox

| Moanda railway station | |
| --- | --- |
| Railway station | |
| General information | |
| Location | Gabon |
| Coordinates | 1°30′11″S 13°17′16″E / 1.50302°S 13.28784°E / -1.50302; 13.28784 |
| Line(s) | Trans-Gabon Railway |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | |


title: Moanemani

abstract: Moanemani is a village in the Kamu district of the Dogiyai Regency, Central Papua, Indonesia. It is located in the fertile Kamu Valley, a dry lake bed west of the Paniai lakes region. The indigenous residents are speakers of Mee. Moanemani is a major center for coffee production in Papua. There is a local airport named the Moanamani airport.

text:
# Moanemani

4°0′25″S 136°2′16″E / 4.00694°S 136.03778°E / -4.00694; 136.03778

**Moanemani** is a village in the Kamu district of the Dogiyai Regency, Central Papua, Indonesia. It is located in the fertile Kamu Valley, a dry lake bed west of the Paniai lakes region. The indigenous residents are speakers of Mee. Moanemani is a major center for coffee production in Papua. There is a local airport named the Moanamani airport.

## State conflict

In September 2012, the Indonesian army swept through the local area in search of a Free Papua Movement leader. Witnesses reported that troops forced villagers to shave and warned them to wear clean and new clothing.

In May 2014, a truck ran over a group of church pilgrims, critically wounding three. The truck driver took refuge in the local Moanemani Brimob post. Riots ensued demanding the state release of the truck driver, although police refused.

## Climate

Moanemani has a subtropical highland climate (Cfb) with heavy rainfall year-round.

| Climate data for Moanemani | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 24.7
(76.5) | 24.7
(76.5) | 24.3
(75.7) | 23.9
(75.0) | 23.1
(73.6) | 21.9
(71.4) | 20.9
(69.6) | 21.1
(70.0) | 22.1
(71.8) | 23.5
(74.3) | 24.4
(75.9) | 24.7
(76.5) | 23.3
(73.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 19.6
(67.3) | 19.7
(67.5) | 19.5
(67.1) | 19.4
(66.9) | 18.9
(66.0) | 18.1
(64.6) | 17.4
(63.3) | 17.5
(63.5) | 17.9
(64.2) | 18.9
(66.0) | 19.4
(66.9) | 19.7
(67.5) | 18.8
(65.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 14.6
(58.3) | 14.7
(58.5) | 14.8
(58.6) | 14.9
(58.8) | 14.8
(58.6) | 14.4
(57.9) | 14.0
(57.2) | 13.9
(57.0) | 13.8
(56.8) | 14.3
(57.7) | 14.4
(57.9) | 14.7
(58.5) | 14.4
(58.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 247
(9.7) | 313
(12.3) | 254
(10.0) | 269
(10.6) | 295
(11.6) | 329
(13.0) | 336
(13.2) | 329
(13.0) | 295
(11.6) | 247
(9.7) | 228
(9.0) | 217
(8.5) | 3,359
(132.2) |
| Source: Climate-Data.org | | | | | | | | | | | | | |


title: Wichita metropolitan area, Kansas

abstract: The Wichita, Kansas Metropolitan Statistical Area, as defined by the United States Office of Management and Budget, is an area consisting of four counties in south central Kansas, its only principal city is Wichita and its only central county is Sedgwick County. As of the 2023 American Community Survey, the MSA had a population of 652,939.

text:
# Wichita metropolitan area, Kansas

The **Wichita, Kansas Metropolitan Statistical Area**, as defined by the United States Office of Management and Budget, is an area consisting of four counties in south central Kansas, its only principal city is Wichita and its only central county is Sedgwick County. As of the 2023 American Community Survey, the MSA had a population of 652,939.

## Counties

## Communities

Populations are from the 2020 census.

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1900 | 44,037 |  |  |
| 1910 | 73,095 |  | 66.0% |
| 1920 | 92,234 |  | 26.2% |
| 1930 | 136,330 |  | 47.8% |
| 1940 | 143,311 |  | 5.1% |
| 1950 | 222,290 |  | 55.1% |
| 1960 | 432,807 |  | 94.7% |
| 1970 | 440,141 |  | 1.7% |
| 1980 | 466,772 |  | 6.1% |
| 1990 | 511,111 |  | 9.5% |
| 2000 | 571,168 |  | 11.8% |
| 2010 | 623,061 |  | 9.1% |
| 2020 | 647,610 |  | 3.9% |
| U.S. Decennial Census
 | | | |

### Places with more than 300,000 inhabitants

* Wichita (Principal city) Pop: 397,532

### Places with 10,000 to 30,000 inhabitants

### Places with 5,000 to 10,000 inhabitants

### Places with 1,000 to 5,000 inhabitants

### Places with fewer than 1,000 inhabitants

### Unincorporated places

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 571,166 people, 220,440 households, and 149,768 families residing within the MSA. The racial makeup of the MSA was 82.36% White, 7.51% African American, 1.06% Native American, 2.73% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 3.67% from other races, and 2.62% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7.23% of the population.

The median income for a household in the MSA was $42,070, and the median income for a family was $50,202. Males had a median income of $37,025 versus $24,444 for females. The per capita income for the MSA was $19,519.

## Combined Statistical Area

The **WichitaWinfield Combined Statistical Area** is made up of five counties in south central Kansas. The statistical area includes one metropolitan area and one micropolitan area. As of the 2000 Census, the CSA had a population of 607,457 (though a July 1, 2009 estimate placed the population at 646,317).

## InfoBox

| Wichita metropolitan area Wichita, Kansas Metropolitan Area | |
| --- | --- |
| Metropolitan Statistical Area | |
| Wichita's Old City Hall, now the Sedgwick County Historical Museum (2008) | |
| Interactive Map of Wichita–Arkansas City–Winfield, KS CSA | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Kansas |
| Principal city | Wichita |
| Other cities |  |
| Area | |
| Metropolitan Statistical Area | 4,180 sq mi (10,830 km2) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Metro | 647,610 |
| GDP | |
| Metro | $43.935 billion (2022) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (CST) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |