abstract: The North Melbourne Football Club, also known as the Kangaroos, is an Australian Football League club based in North Melbourne, just 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) north of Melbourne metropolitan area. The North Melbourne Football Club was formed in 1869. It was purportedly established to satisfy the needs of local cricketers who were keen to keep themselves fit and healthy over the winter months. They entered the Victorian Football League (VFL) in 1925 after 48 years in the Victorian Football Association (VFA). Wels Eicke became the first coach of the Kangaroos in the 1925 season, he resigned four games into the 1926 season. In terms of tenure, Denis Pagan has coached more games (240) and seasons (10) than any other coach in the club's history. He coached the Kangaroos to two AFL Premierships in the 1996 season and then again in the 1999 season. In terms of successfulness, Ron Barassi has been more successful than any other coach in the club's history. There have been 7 coaches in the North Melbourne Football Club's history that have been inducted to the Australian Football Hall of Fame. There have been eleven captain-coaches in Kangaroos history. First, in 1925, coach Wels Eicke become the first captain-coach in Kangaroos history. He played only 21 games for the Kangaroos and coached 20 of those games.

text:
# List of North Melbourne Football Club coaches

The **North Melbourne Football Club**, also known as the **Kangaroos**, is an Australian Football League club based in North Melbourne, just 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) north of Melbourne metropolitan area. The North Melbourne Football Club was formed in 1869. It was purportedly established to satisfy the needs of local cricketers who were keen to keep themselves fit and healthy over the winter months. They entered the Victorian Football League (VFL) in 1925 after 48 years in the Victorian Football Association (VFA).

Wels Eicke became the first coach of the Kangaroos in the 1925 season, he resigned four games into the 1926 season. In terms of tenure, Denis Pagan has coached more games (240) and seasons (10) than any other coach in the club's history. He coached the Kangaroos to two AFL Premierships in the 1996 season and then again in the 1999 season. In terms of successfulness, Ron Barassi has been more successful (65.91% win–loss record) than any other coach in the club's history. There have been 7 coaches in the North Melbourne Football Club's history that have been inducted to the Australian Football Hall of Fame. There have been eleven captain-coaches in Kangaroos history. First, in 1925, coach Wels Eicke become the first captain-coach in Kangaroos history. He played only 21 games for the Kangaroos and coached 20 of those games.

## Key

| **#** | Number of coaches\[A\] |
| --- | --- |
| **GC** | Games coached |
| **W** | Wins |
| **L** | Losses |
| **D** | Draws |
| **P** | Premierships |
| **R** | Runners Up |
| **W–L %** | Win–loss percentage |
|  | Inducted to the Australian Football Hall of Fame |
|  | Played as a captain-coach |
|  | Both captain-coach and hall of famer. |

*Statistics are correct to the end of round 22, 2022.*

## Coaches

| # | Name | Term | Home & Away | | | | | Finals | | | | | Overall | | | | | Awards | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | GC | W | L | D | WL % | GC | W | L | P | R | GC | W | L | D | WL % | | |
| 1 | **Wels Eicke** | 19251926 | 20 | 5 | 15 | 0 | 25.00 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 20 | 5 | 15 | 0 | 25.00 |  |  |
| 2 | **Stan Thomas** | 1926 | 1\[B\] | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 1\[B\] | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0.00 |  |  |
| 3 | **Gerry Donnelly** | 1926 | 14 | 0 | 13 | 1 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 14 | 0 | 13 | 1 | 0.00 |  |  |
| 4 | **Syd Barker, Sr.** | 1927 | 18 | 3 | 15 | 0 | 16.67 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 18 | 3 | 15 | 0 | 16.67 |  |  |
| 5 | **Charlie Tyson** | 19281929 | 23 | 5 | 18 | 0 | 21.74 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 23 | 5 | 18 | 0 | 21.74 |  |  |
| 6 | **Paddy Noonan** | 1929 | 13 | 1 | 12 | 0 | 7.69 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 13 | 1 | 12 | 0 | 7.69 |  |  |
| 7 | **Johnny Lewis** | 1930 | 18 | 1 | 17 | 0 | 5.56 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 18 | 1 | 17 | 0 | 5.56 |  |  |
| 8 | **Norm Clark** | 1931 | 10 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 10 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0.00 |  |  |
|
| 9 | **John Pemberton** | 1931 | 8 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 8 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0.00 |  |  |
| 10 | **Dick Taylor** | 19321934 | 42 | 14 | 27 | 1 | 34.52 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 42 | 14 | 27 | 1 | 34.52 |  |  |
| 11 | **Charlie Cameron** | 1932 | 4\[C\] | 1 | 3 | 0 | 25.00 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 4\[C\] | 1 | 3 | 0 | 25.00 |  |  |
| 12 | **Tom Fitzmaurice** | 19341935 | 16 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 8 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 0.00 |  |  |
| 13 | **Paddy Scanlan** | 19351937 | 46 | 8 | 38 | 0 | 17.39 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 46 | 8 | 38 | 0 | 17.39 |  |  |
| 14 | **Keith Forbes** | 19381939 | 34 | 11 | 23 | 0 | 32.35 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 34 | 11 | 23 | 0 | 32.35 |  |  |
| 15 | **Ted Cusack** | 1939 | 2\[D\] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 50.00 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 2\[D\] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 50.00 |  |  |
| 16 | **Len Thomas** | 1940 | 12 | 4 | 8 | 0 | 33.33 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 12 | 4 | 8 | 0 | 33.33 |  |  |
| 17 | **Jim Adamson** | 1940 | 6 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 6 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0.00 |  |  |
| 18 | **Bob McCaskill** | 19411942 | 25 | 8 | 17 | 0 | 32.00 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 25 | 8 | 17 | 0 | 32.00 |  |  |
| 19 | **Bill Findlay** | 19421943 | 22 | 7 | 14 | 1 | 34.09 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 22 | 7 | 14 | 1 | 34.09 |  |  |
| 0 | **Bob McCaskill** | 19441947 | 77 | 35 | 42 | 0 | 45.45 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0.00 | 78 | 35 | 43 | 0 | 44.87 |  |  |
| 20 | **Wally Carter** | 19481953 | 116 | 61 | 55 | 0 | 52.57 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 40.00 | 121 | 63 | 58 | 0 | 52.07 |  |  |
| 21 | **Jock McCorkell** | 19541955 | 37 | 14 | 22 | 1 | 39.19 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0.00 | 38 | 14 | 23 | 1 | 36.84 |  |  |
| 22 | **Charlie Gaudion** | 19561957 | 36 | 11 | 25 | 0 | 30.56 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 36 | 11 | 25 | 0 | 30.56 |  |  |
| 0 | **Wally Carter** | 19581962 | 92 | 35 | 57 | 1 | 38.04 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 50.00 | 94 | 36 | 58 | 0 | 38.30 |  |  |
| 23 | **Alan Killigrew** | 19631966 | 70 | 27 | 42 | 1 | 39.29 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 70 | 27 | 42 | 1 | 39.29 | 1965 Golden Fleece Night Premiership winning coach
1966 Golden Fleece Night Premiership winning coach
1966 State Carnival Winning Coach |  |
| 24 | **Keith McKenzie** | 19661970 | 82 | 23 | 58 | 1 | 28.66 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 82 | 23 | 58 | 1 | 28.66 |  |  |
| 25 | **Brian Dixon** | 19711972 | 44 | 6 | 37 | 1 | 14.77 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 44 | 6 | 37 | 1 | 14.77 |  |  |
| 26 | **Ron Barassi** | 19731980 | 198 | 129 | 66 | 3 | 65.91 | 23 | 12 | 11 | 2 | 52.17 | 221 | 141 | 77 | 5 | 63.80 | 1975 Premiership winning coach
1975 National Champions winning coach
1976 McClelland Trophy
1977 Premiership winning coach
1978 McClelland Trophy
1980 Escort Cup winning coach |  |
| 27 | **Ray Jordon** | 1976 | 1\[E\] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 100.00 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 1\[E\] | 1 | 0 | 0 | 100.00 |  |  |
| 28 | **John Dugdale** | 1977 | 1\[F\] | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 1\[F\] | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0.00 |  |  |
| 29 | **Malcolm Blight** | 1981 | 16 | 6 | 10 | 0 | 37.50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 16 | 6 | 10 | 0 | 37.50 |  |  |
| 30 | **Barry Cable** | 19811984 | 76 | 40 | 36 | 0 | 52.63 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 25.00 | 80 | 41 | 39 | 0 | 51.25 | McClelland Trophy 1983 |  |
| 31 | **John Kennedy, Sr.** | 19851989 | 113 | 55 | 55 | 3 | 50.00 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 33.33 | 116 | 56 | 57 | 3 | 48.28 |  |  |
| 32 | **Wayne Schimmelbusch** | 19901992 | 66 | 31 | 35 | 0 | 46.97 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 66 | 31 | 35 | 0 | 46.97 |  |  |
| 33 | **Denis Pagan** | 19932002 | 240 | 150 | 90 | 0 | 62.50 | 22 | 14 | 8 | 2 | 63.64 | 262 | 164 | 98 | 2 | 62.60 | 1995 Ansett Cup winning coach
1996 Premiership winning coach
1998 Ansett Cup winning coach
1998 McClelland Trophy
1999 Premiership winning coach |  |
| 34 | **Dani Laidley** | 20032009 | 149 | 72 | 75 | 2 | 48.99 | 5 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 20.00 | 154 | 73 | 79 | 2 | 47.40 |  |  |
| 35 | **Darren Crocker** | 2009, 2015, 2016 | 15 | 6 | 8 | 1 | 35.00 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 10 | 3 | 6 | 1 | 35.00 |  |  |
| 36 | **Brad Scott** | 2010-2019 | 158 | 86 | 72 | 0 | 54.67 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 57.14 | 211 | 106 | 105 | 0 | 50.25 |  |  |
| 37 | **Rhyce Shaw** | 20192020 | 29 | 10 | 19 | 0 | 34.48 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 29 | 10 | 19 | 0 | 34.48 |  |  |
| 38 | **David Noble** | 20212022 | 38 | 5 | 32 | 1 | 14.47 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 38 | 5 | 32 | 1 | 14.47 |  |  |
| 39 | **Leigh Adams** | 2022\[G\] | 5 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 20.00 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 5 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 20.00 |  |  |
| 40 | **Alastair Clarkson** | 2023 | 13 | 3 | 10 | 0 | 23.08 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 13 | 3 | 10 | 0 | 23.08 |  |  |
| 41 | **Brett Ratten** | 2023\[H\] | 10 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 10 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0.00 |  |  |

* **A**  A running total of the number of coaches of the Kangaroos. Thus any coach who has two separate terms as head coach is only counted once.
* **B**  Thomas coach the Kangaroos for a single match in 1926, while a replacement coach was found after the resignation of Wels Eicke.
* **C**  Cameron coach for four games as Dick Taylor out suspended for four weeks for elbowing opponent.
* **D**  Cusack coached final two games of season after Keith Forbes out suspended for threatening umpire.
* **E**  Jordan coached the Kangaroos for a single match in 1976.
* **F**  Dugdale coached the Kangaroos for a single match in Round 12, 1977.
* **G**  Adams replaced Noble as caretaker coach for the last six games of the 2022 season.
* **H**  Ratten coached for 10 games while Clarkson to break for mental health reasons during 2023 season.


title: Maryland Route 91

abstract: Maryland Route 91 is a state highway in the U.S. state of Maryland. The state highway runs 7.86 miles (12.65 km) from MD 32 at Gamber north to MD 30 near Upperco. MD 91 connects southeastern Carroll County and the far western part of Baltimore County south of Hampstead with MD 140 at Finksburg. The state highway was paved at Finksburg in the early 1910s. The remainder of MD 91 was constructed in the mid- to late 1920s.

text:
# Maryland Route 91

**Maryland Route 91** (**MD 91**) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Maryland. The state highway runs 7.86 miles (12.65 km) from MD 32 at Gamber north to MD 30 near Upperco. MD 91 connects southeastern Carroll County and the far western part of Baltimore County south of Hampstead with MD 140 at Finksburg. The state highway was paved at Finksburg in the early 1910s. The remainder of MD 91 was constructed in the mid- to late 1920s.

## Route description

MD 91 begins at an intersection with MD 32 (Sykesville Road) at Gamber. The state highway heads northeast as two-lane undivided Gamber Road through a mix of farmland and scattered residential subdivisions. As MD 91 approaches its crossing of Middle Run, it is paralleled by a stretch of its old alignment, MD 879 (Old Gamber Road). The state highway passes three more pieces of old alignment before crossing Beaver Run and running past the historic farm Cold Saturday. MD 91 parallels another stretch of old alignment, MD 879D (Old Gamber Road), to the west as the highway reaches Finksburg, where it intersects MD 140 (Baltimore Boulevard). There is no left turn allowed from southbound MD 140 to northbound MD 91; that movement is made via a jughandle adjacent to Finksburg Plaza Shopping Center. MD 91 continues northeast as Emory Road and receives the northern end of MD 879D (Cedarhurst Road) just before the mainline highway crosses over the North Branch of the Patapsco River and the Maryland Midland Railway. To the north of the bridge is the final section of old alignment, a spur into an industrial park. MD 91 passes the road's namesake, Emory United Methodist Church, just before entering Baltimore County. The state highway reaches its northern terminus at MD 30 (Hanover Pike) at the hamlet of Fowblesburg to the south of the village of Upperco. Emory Road continues east as a county highway a short distance to Old Hanover Road, which leads south to Boring.

MD 91 is a part of the National Highway System as a principal arterial from MD 32 at Gamber north to MD 140 in Finksburg.

## History

The GamberFinksburg portion of MD 91 was originally a turnpike called the Mechanicsville and Finksburg Turnpike, which later became one of the branches of the Baltimore and Reisterstown Turnpike. The first section of modern road built along the highway was a 14-foot (4.3 m) macadam road from the Western Maryland Railway (now Maryland Midland Railway) south to near Beaver Run. A concrete road was laid in two segments from Gamber toward Finksburg in 1923 and 1924. The gap between MD 32 and U.S. Route 140 (now MD 140) was filled in 1928. MD 91 was paved in concrete from both the railroad north of Finkaburg and Fowblesburg beginning in 1926. The segment between MD 30 and the BaltimoreCarroll county line was completed in 1927. The final piece of MD 91 between Finksburg and the county line was finished in 1929. MD 91 was relocated in several spots between Finksburg and the rail line around 1968. The bypassed portions of the highway became segments of MD 879.

## Junction list

| County | Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Carroll | Gamber | 0.00 | 0.00 | MD 32 (Sykesville Road) Eldersburg, Westminster | Southern terminus |
| | Finksburg | 3.21 | 5.17 | MD 140 (Baltimore Boulevard) Westminster, Reisterstown |  |
| Baltimore | Upperco | 7.86 | 12.65 | MD 30 (Hanover Pike) Hampstead, Reisterstown | Northern terminus |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi<br> | | | | | |

## Auxiliary route

MD 91A was the designation for unnamed 0.01-mile (0.016 km) connector between MD 91 and MD 879A near Gamber. The road was removed in 2012.

Template:Attached KML/Maryland Route 91KML is from Wikidata

## InfoBox

| Maryland Route 91 | |
| --- | --- |
| Maryland Route 91 highlighted in red | |
| Route information | |
| Maintained by MDSHA | |
| Length | 7.86 mi (12.65 km) |
| Existed | 1927–present |
| Major junctions | |
| South end | MD 32 at Gamber |
| Major intersections | MD 140 at Finksburg |
| North end | MD 30 near Upperco |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Maryland |
| Counties | Carroll, Baltimore |
|  | |
| Highway system | |
|  | |
| MD 90   MD 94 | |


title: Tales of the World: Narikiri Dungeon 2

abstract: Tales of the World: Narikiri Dungeon 2 is a spin-off from the Tales RPG series made by Namco. The game was released exclusively in Japan for the Game Boy Advance in October 2002. Tales of the World: Narikiri Dungeon 2's characteristic genre name is Cosplay RPG. While it succeeds Tales of Phantasia: Narikiri Dungeon, this was the first game in the Tales of the World series, which is known for featuring characters from various main Tales games. Narikiri Dungeon 2, like Tales of Phantasia: Narikiri Dungeon, is a dungeon crawler/RPG. It features the Condensed Linear Motion Battle System, a variation of the series' trademark battle system.

text:
# Tales of the World: Narikiri Dungeon 2

***Tales of the World: Narikiri Dungeon 2*** (テイルズオブザワールド なりきりダンジョン2, *Teiruzu Obu za Waarudo Narikiri Danjon 2*) is a spin-off from the *Tales* RPG series made by Namco. The game was released exclusively in Japan for the Game Boy Advance in October 2002. *Tales of the World: Narikiri Dungeon 2*'s characteristic genre name is ***Cosplay RPG*** (コスプレRPG, *Kosupure RPG*). While it succeeds *Tales of Phantasia: Narikiri Dungeon*, this was the first game in the *Tales of the World* series, which is known for featuring characters from various main *Tales* games.

*Narikiri Dungeon 2*, like *Tales of Phantasia: Narikiri Dungeon*, is a dungeon crawler/RPG. It features the Condensed Linear Motion Battle System, a variation of the series' trademark battle system.

## Characters

### Main

**Frio Sven:** The hero of the story, he is an apprentice blacksmith who is quick to jump into action, despite the fact that it always winds up getting him into trouble. He has a rather short attention span and is constantly getting on Kyaro's nerves, especially when he shows his obliviousness to her love for him.

**Kyaro Olange:** The logical heroine of the tale, she is interested in the tales told to her by the village elder, Lyle. She always tries to be the adult in the group and usually ends up dragging Frio out of trouble. Kyaro is always being irritated by the way he and the village children are always doing something to stir up trouble.

**Thanatos:** The antagonist, he is an enigma wrapped in mystery. He is able to possess the heroes through the use of the black crystals. He speaks of cleansing this world of the "human filth who have betrayed my mama and me", but he refuses to rationalize with anybody. Thanatos also seems to wish for Ada and Stella, the two Goddesses of their world, to perish as well.

### Goddesses

**Ada:** The goddess of the future. The eldest Goddess, she is kind, gentle and logical. She watches over the Great Tree, and summons the heroes from the other worlds to assist Frio and Kyaro.

**Ciel:** The goddess of the present. The middle Goddess, she is selfless, wise, and brave. Millennia ago, she went missing. It is believed that she sacrificed herself in order to destroy the mysterious Dragon God. She has never been seen since, but it is shown that she is missed by her sisters in the start of the game.

**Stella:** The goddess of the past. The youngest Goddess, she is curious, vigilant, and idealistic. She is particularly interested in the human race.

## Reception

On release, *Famitsu* magazine scored the game a 32 out of 40.

## InfoBox

| Tales of the World: Narikiri Dungeon 2 | |
| --- | --- |
| Game cover | |
| Developer(s) | Wolf Team & Alfa System |
| Publisher(s) | Namco |
| Series | *Tales* |
| Platform(s) | Game Boy Advance |
| Release |  |
| Genre(s) | Action role-playing game |
| Mode(s) | Single-player |


title: Orthaga fumida

abstract: Orthaga fumida is a species of snout moth in the genus Orthaga. It is found on Sumatra.

text:
# Orthaga fumida

***Orthaga fumida*** is a species of snout moth in the genus *Orthaga*. It is found on Sumatra.

## InfoBox

| *Orthaga fumida* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Pyralidae |
| Genus: | *Orthaga* |
| Species: | ***O. fumida*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Orthaga fumida***<br>(Hering, 1901) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Pannucha fumida* Hering, 1901 | |


title: Young Sohn

abstract: Young Sohn (Korean: 손영권) is a Korean-American business executive and investor. He was the president and chief strategy officer of Samsung Electronics. Sohn is also the chairman of the board of Harman International Industries, a subsidiary of Samsung Electronics, and currently serves as Senior Advisor to Samsung. During his career, Sohn has acted as either chief executive officer or as a board member to PLX Technology, Synnex and Inphi Corporation, and has been recognized as "the best-connected chip executive in the semiconductor industry."

text:
# Young Sohn

**Young Sohn** (Korean: 손영권) is a Korean-American business executive and investor. He was the president and chief strategy officer of Samsung Electronics. Sohn is also the chairman of the board of Harman International Industries, a subsidiary of Samsung Electronics, and currently serves as Senior Advisor to Samsung.

During his career, Sohn has acted as either chief executive officer or as a board member to PLX Technology, Synnex and Inphi Corporation, and has been recognized as "the best-connected chip executive in the semiconductor industry."

## Early life and education

Sohn graduated from the University of Pennsylvania with a BS in electrical engineering and received an MS from the MIT Sloan School of Management.

## Career

### Early career

Sohn joined Intel as a product marketing manager and later became its director of new business development. As director of new business development, Sohn oversaw the creation of Intel's PC chipset business. He also formed the company's inaugural joint venture with Samsung Electronics. Sohn was Vice President of Marketing, and later, Co-President of Quantum Corporation. He was also appointed president of the company's Storage Group. Sohn was a chairman and chief executive officer at Oak Technology, a digital media semiconductor company. During his time with the company, he oversaw the acquisition by Zoran Corporation.

Sohn was the president of Agilent Technologies' semiconductor group, the launch of its spin-off entity, Avago as a senior advisor of Silver Lake. Sohn helped form Panorama Capital, a venture capital firm which spun off from JP Morgan Partners. He was also a senior advisor to One Laptop per Child with MIT Media Lab. He was the president and chief executive officer of Inphi Corporation. Sohn led the company's initial public offering.

### Samsung

In 2012, Sohn was appointed corporate president and Chief strategy officer of Samsung Electronics. Sohn's promotion marked the company's first president-level appointment of an executive outside of Korea. By 2013, Samsung Electronics had announced that Sohn would also head the Samsung Strategy and Innovation Center. He secured the $8 billion acquisition of Harman International Industries, which marked Samsung's entry into the autonomous vehicle industry. Following the acquisition, Sohn became chairman of the board of directors of Harman.

Sohn has represented Samsung at technology conferences and gatherings. In 2015, he organized Samsung's first CEO Summit. Sohn delivered a keynote address on AI at Web Summit and has spoken at SLUSH, the Tech for Good Summit with French President Emmanuel Macron, and additional international gatherings of members of the technology industry.

In 2014, Sohn, along with Bill Tai from Charles River Ventures, founded the Extreme Tech Challenge, or XTC, a nonprofit startup competition that aims to address United Nations' 17 Sustainable Development Goals. The same year, he co-founded Vlocity, a cloud-applications software company.

In 2017, Sohn launched the $300 million Samsung Automotive Innovation Fund, to focus on connected car investments.

In 2019, Sohn was honored with a Trail Blazer award at the Asia America Multitechnology Association 40th anniversary dinner and with a Corporate Leader Award by the Korean American Community Foundation of San Francisco.

In July 2020, Sohn led a $14 million series B investment into genomics startup Genome Medical, via Samsung’s venture fund, called Samsung Catalyst Fund.

### Post-Samsung presidency

In 2022, Sohn was replaced by Lee Young-hee as president of Samsung Electronics.

## Board memberships

Sohn sits on the MIT Sloan School North America Board, and is a member of the board of directors at Cadence Design Systems. He has been a senior advisor for Silver Lake Partners since 2012. Sohn is also an advisor to Bitfury, Zoom Video Communications and the University of California Innovation Council.

He has also sat on the boards of ARM, Synnex Corporation, Cymer, Inc. Hyundai Electronics (now SK Hynix) and PLX Technology. Sohn is chairman of the Global Corporate Venturing leadership society, a membership organization for corporate venture capitalists.

In 2023, Sohn was appointed to the advisory board of Astra Protocol, a decentralized KYC platform for Web3.

## InfoBox

| Young Sohn | |
| --- | --- |
| Sohn at the 2018 Web Summit | |
| Nationality | American |
| Alma mater | University of Pennsylvania<br>MIT Sloan School of Management |
| Known for | Former President of Samsung Electronics |
|  | |
| Korean name | |
| Hangul | 손영권 |
| Revised Romanization | *Son Yeonggwon* |
| McCune–Reischauer | *Son Yŏngkwŏn* |
|  | |


title: Parchur

abstract: Parchur or Parchuru is a town and an Assembly constituency in Bapatla district of Andhra Pradesh, India. It is also the mandal headquarters of Parchur mandal in chirala revenue division.

text:
# Parchur

**Parchur** or Parchuru is a town and an Assembly constituency in Bapatla district of Andhra Pradesh, India. It is also the mandal headquarters of Parchur mandal in chirala revenue division.

## Geography

Parchur is located at 15°58′00″N 80°16′00″E / 15.9667°N 80.2667°E / 15.9667; 80.2667.

According to the 2011 Census of India, the total population of Parchur was then 13,379, of which 6,628 were male and 6,751 were female.

## Transport

Guntur-Parchur Road connects the village with Guntur and Ongole.

## InfoBox

| Parchur | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Parchur Centre | |
| Dynamic map | |
| ParchurLocation in Andhra Pradesh, IndiaParchurParchur (India) | |
| Coordinates: 15°58′01″N 80°16′30″E / 15.967°N 80.275°E / 15.967; 80.275 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Andhra Pradesh |
| District | Bapatla |
| Mandal | Parchur |
| Government | |
| Type | democratic |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 13,375 |
| Languages | |
| Official | Telugu |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| Telephone code | +91–8594 |
| Vehicle registration | AP |


title: Lincoln Hills

abstract: The Lincoln Hills extend along the Mississippi River in Missouri, starting about 40 miles (64 km) northwest of St. Louis and extending to Hannibal. They are located roughly between Highway 61 and Highway 79 in Lincoln, Pike, Ralls and Marion counties. The Lincoln Hills, locally referred to as 'knobs', may have partially escaped the most recent glaciation as nunataks during the Pleistocene. In geology and biology, they more resemble the rugged and forested hills of the Ozarks than the rolling plains of northern Missouri. The limestone bedrock has formed bluffs, glades, caves, springs, and sinkholes. Exposed rocks range in age from Ordovician to Mississippian. Cuivre River State Park is located within the Lincoln Hills northeast of Troy in Lincoln County.

text:
# Lincoln Hills

The **Lincoln Hills** extend along the Mississippi River in Missouri, starting about 40 miles (64 km) northwest of St. Louis and extending to Hannibal. They are located roughly between Highway 61 and Highway 79 in Lincoln, Pike, Ralls and Marion counties. The Lincoln Hills, locally referred to as 'knobs', may have partially escaped the most recent glaciation as nunataks during the Pleistocene. In geology and biology, they more resemble the rugged and forested hills of the Ozarks than the rolling plains of northern Missouri. The limestone bedrock has formed bluffs, glades, caves, springs, and sinkholes. Exposed rocks range in age from Ordovician to Mississippian.

Cuivre River State Park is located within the Lincoln Hills northeast of Troy in Lincoln County.

Beveridge, Thomas R. (1980). *Geologic Wonders and Curiosities of Missouri*. Rolla: Missouri Division of Geology and Land Survey. p. 21. LCCN 78-69968.

39°24′N 91°06′W / 39.4°N 91.1°W / 39.4; -91.1


title: Trigonotylus ruficornis

abstract: Trigonotylus ruficornis is a Palearctic species of true bug

text:
# Trigonotylus ruficornis

***Trigonotylus ruficornis*** is a Palearctic species of true bug

## InfoBox

| *Trigonotylus ruficornis* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Trigonotylus ruficornis* Latvia | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hemiptera |
| Suborder: | Heteroptera |
| Infraorder: | Cimicomorpha |
| Family: | Miridae |
| Genus: | *Trigonotylus* |
| Species: | ***T. ruficornis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Trigonotylus ruficornis***<br>(Geoffroy 1785) | |
|


title: Turn Down the Sound

abstract: Turn Down the Sound is the fourth studio album by Canadian singer Nikki Yanofsky, released on July 10, 2020. The album's lead single, "Forget" was released on January 30, 2020, with a meme music video to accompany it. The video premiered the same day on Billboard's website. The second single "Nerve" was released on March 20, 2020, after her Together at Home Instagram live concert. The third single "Loner" was released on May 15, 2020. The album was originally titled Black Sheep, but was changed. In an interview with IHeartRadio Canada, Yanofsky said that Turn Down the Sound was her first choice for the title of the album, but she faced a lot of criticism within her team from choosing the title. She then decided to change it back last minute because it was "true to herself". The album's title track "Turn Down the Sound" and "Bubbles" were written by Yanofsky with her friend Rod Temperton. "Bubbles" was the last song Temperton ever worked on, as it was his last song loaded on his music production software. Temperton nicknamed Yanofsky "Wobbles", which was why the song was named "Bubbles".

text:
# Turn Down the Sound

***Turn Down the Sound*** is the fourth studio album by Canadian singer Nikki Yanofsky, released on July 10, 2020. The album's lead single, "Forget" was released on January 30, 2020, with a meme music video to accompany it. The video premiered the same day on *Billboard*'s website. The second single "Nerve" was released on March 20, 2020, after her Together at Home Instagram live concert. The third single "Loner" was released on May 15, 2020.

The album was originally titled *Black Sheep*, but was changed. In an interview with IHeartRadio Canada, Yanofsky said that *Turn Down the Sound* was her first choice for the title of the album, but she faced a lot of criticism within her team from choosing the title. She then decided to change it back last minute because it was "true to herself".

The album's title track "Turn Down the Sound" and "Bubbles" were written by Yanofsky with her friend Rod Temperton. "Bubbles" was the last song Temperton ever worked on, as it was his last song loaded on his music production software. Temperton nicknamed Yanofsky "Wobbles", which was why the song was named "Bubbles".

## Recording

The album was recorded in two straight weeks with no days off at Warner Chappell Studios in New York City. It was recorded in April 2019 under the producers Roger Kleinmen and Zachary Seman who have worked with ASAP Rocky and Joey Badass before. Yanofsky called the recording a "very special experience" in an Instagram post. She also said that the recording did not feel like work at all, as it was genuinely fun. The first songs recorded were "High Note", and "Throwing Stones". "Throwing Stones" was recorded with musician Remy using a Wurlitzer.

## Promotion

Yanofsky originally had two promotional shows that she would perform in Montreal and Toronto before the album's release. But they have since been moved to the fall because of the COVID-19 pandemic. On July 6, Yanofsky performed her single "Loner" on *The Morning Show Canada* to support the album.

## Track listing

*Turn Down the Sound* track listing
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Loner" | 3:34 |
| 2. | "Turn Down the Sound" (Temperton, Yanofsky) | 4:20 |
| 3. | "Sunshine" | 3:15 |
| 4. | "Forget" | 3:21 |
| 5. | "Nerve" | 2:36 |
| 6. | "High Note" | 3:50 |
| 7. | "Throwing Stones" | 4:30 |
| 8. | "Black Sheep" | 3:23 |
| 9. | "Bubbles" (Temperton, Yanofsky) | 3:25 |
| 10. | "Owe It All" | 3:54 |
| Total length: | | 36:08 |

## Chart performance

The album performed moderately during its first week of release, as was the 34th best selling album across all digital platforms according to Exclaim! Magazine.

## Charts

| Chart (2020) | Peak position |
| --- | --- |
| Canada Current Album Sales (*Billboard*) | 33 |

## InfoBox

| Turn Down the Sound | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Nikki Yanofsky | |
| Released | July 10, 2020 |
| Recorded | April 2019 |
| Studio | Warner-Chappell Studios |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 36:08 |
| Label | eOne Music |
| Producer | * Roger Kleinmen * Zachary Seman |
| Nikki Yanofsky chronology | |
| *Solid Gold EP*
(2016) ***Turn Down the Sound***
(2020) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Turn Down the Sound* | |
| 1. "Forget"
Released: January 30, 2020 | |
|  | |


# List of North Park Vikings head football coaches

The North Park Vikings football program is a college football team that represents North Park University in the College Conference of Illinois and Wisconsin, a part of the NCAA Division III. The team has had at least 17 head coaches since its first recorded football game in 1934, although records for coach names only begin in 1958. The current coach is Kyle Rooker who first took the position for the 2019 season.

## Key

Key to symbols in coaches list
| General | | Overall | | Conference | | Postseason | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| No. | Order of coaches | GC | Games coached | CW | Conference wins | PW | Postseason wins |
| DC | Division championships | OW | Overall wins | CL | Conference losses | PL | Postseason losses |
| CC | Conference championships | OL | Overall losses | CT | Conference ties | PT | Postseason ties |
| NC | National championships | OT | Overall ties | C% | Conference winning percentage |  |  |
|  | Elected to the College Football Hall of Fame | O% | Overall winning percentage |  |  |  |  |

## Coaches

Statistics correct as of the end of the 2023 college football season.

| No. | Name | Term | GC | OW | OL | OT | O% | CW | CL | CT | C% | PW | PL | CCs | NCs | Awards |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| - | unknown coach/coaches | 19341942 |
| X | *No team* |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| - | unknown coach/coaches | 19441957 |
| 1 | Harold Swanson | 19581960 | 25 | 17 | 7 | 1 | .700 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2 | Bob Lord | 19611963 | 24 | 6 | 18 | 0 | .250 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 3 | James Rooney | 19641966 | 24 | 2 | 21 | 1 | .104 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 4 | Norm Rathje | 19671968 | 18 | 9 | 9 | 0 | .500 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 5 | Charles E. Emery | 1969 | 9 | 2 | 7 | 0 | .222 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 6 | William D. Gourley | 19701972 | 27 | 8 | 17 | 2 | .333 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 7 | Mike Watson | 19731974 | 18 | 6 | 12 | 0 | .333 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 8 | Gene Mitz | 19751977 | 27 | 2 | 25 | 0 | .074 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 9 | Bill Anderson | 19781985 | 72 | 15 | 57 | 0 | .208 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 10 | Ron Ellett | 1986 | 9 | 0 | 9 | 0 | .000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 11 | Craig Fouhy | 19871988 | 18 | 1 | 17 | 0 | .056 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 12 | Mel Boehland | 1989 | 9 | 1 | 8 | 0 | .111 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 13 | Tim Rucks | 19901994 | 45 | 9 | 33 | 3 | .233 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 14 | Mike Liljegren | 19952000 | 55 | 9 | 46 | 0 | .164 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 15 | Robin Cooper | 20012005 | 50 | 9 | 41 | 0 | .180 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 16 | Scott Pethtel | 20062012 | 70 | 10 | 60 | 0 | .143 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 17 | Mike Conway | 20132018 | 60 | 14 | 46 | 0 | .233 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 18 | Kyle Rooker | 2019present | 40 | 9 | 31 | 0 | .225 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

1. "2013 Football Media Guide" (PDF). North Park Vikings Sports Information. Retrieved November 2, 2013.
2. Shafer, Ian. "North Park University (All seasons results)". College Football Reference. Archived from the original on November 5, 2013. Retrieved November 2, 2013.
3. DeLassus, David. "North Park Vikings". College Football Data Warehouse. Archived from the original on November 4, 2013. Retrieved November 2, 2013.
4. National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) (2011). *Bowl/All-Star Game Records* (PDF). Indianapolis, Indiana: NCAA. pp. 5–10. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 5, 2011. Retrieved August 21, 2011.
5. Whiteside, Kelly (August 25, 2006). "Overtime system still excites coaches". *USA Today*. McLean, Virginia. Archived from the original on September 6, 2010. Retrieved September 25, 2009.
6. Finder, Chuck (September 6, 1987). "Big plays help Paterno to 200th". *The New York Times*. New York City. Archived from the original on September 28, 2013. Retrieved October 22, 2009.
7. "All-time football records" (PDF). North Park Vikings. Retrieved November 2, 2013.


title: Maryland Route 88

abstract: Maryland Route 88 is a state highway in the U.S. state of Maryland. Known for most of its length as Black Rock Road, the state highway runs 8.01 miles (12.89 km) from MD 30 Business in Hampstead east to MD 25 near Butler. MD 88 was constructed around the Carroll–Baltimore county line in the early 1910s. The remainder of the highway to MD 25 was completed in the late 1920s and early 1930s. MD 88 was relocated in Hampstead in the mid-1960s; the old route became MD 833.

text:
# Maryland Route 88

**Maryland Route 88** (**MD 88**) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Maryland. Known for most of its length as Black Rock Road, the state highway runs 8.01 miles (12.89 km) from MD 30 Business in Hampstead east to MD 25 near Butler. MD 88 was constructed around the CarrollBaltimore county line in the early 1910s. The remainder of the highway to MD 25 was completed in the late 1920s and early 1930s. MD 88 was relocated in Hampstead in the mid-1960s; the old route became MD 833.

## Route description

MD 88 begins at an intersection with MD 30 Business (Main Street) in the town of Hampstead in Carroll County. The state highway heads east as two-lane undivided Lower Beckleysville Road to a roundabout at the east town limit. Lower Beckleysville Road continues northeast as a county highway that becomes Mount Carmel Road in Baltimore County and leads to MD 137. The northwest leg of the roundabout is MD 833 (Old Blackrock Road), the old alignment of MD 88 that heads back toward the center of Hampstead. MD 88 continues southeast as Black Rock Road and enters Baltimore County. The state highway passes through farmland on top of a ridge until the highway curves east and descends into the valley of Indian Run. MD 88 crosses the stream just before reaching its eastern terminus at MD 25 (Falls Road) north of the village of Butler.

MD 88 is a part of the National Highway System as a principal arterial from MD 30 Business east to MD 833 in Hampstead.

## History

MD 88 was paved as a state-aid road in three sections by 1915. The first two sections, from Main Street in Hampstead east to the BaltimoreCarroll county line and from the county line to Trenton Road, were paved in macadam with widths of 14 feet (4.3 m) and 12 feet (3.7 m), respectively. The segment from Trenton Road to Mount Zion Road was built as a 12-foot (3.7 m) wide concrete road. The remainder of MD 88 from Mount Zion Road to Falls Road was built in two sections: from MD 25 west to Benson Mill Road in 1929 and from there to Mount Zion Road by 1933. The highway was relocated onto a western extension of Lower Beckleysville Road through Hampstead in 1966; MD 88's old route from MD 30 (Main Street) to Lower Beckleysville Road became MD 833. The roundabout at the intersection of MD 88 and MD 833 was constructed in 2003.

## Junction list

| County | Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Carroll | Hampstead | 0.00 | 0.00 | MD 30 Bus. (Main Street) Reisterstown, Manchester | Western terminus |
| | | 0.68 | 1.09 |
MD 833 west (Old Blackrock Road) / Lower Beckleysville Road east | Roundabout; eastern terminus of MD 833 |
| Baltimore | Butler | 8.01 | 12.89 | MD 25 (Falls Road) Baltimore | Eastern terminus |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
 | | | | | |

Template:Attached KML/Maryland Route 88KML is from Wikidata

## InfoBox

| Maryland Route 88 | |
| --- | --- |
| Maryland Route 88 highlighted in red | |
| Route information | |
| Maintained by MDSHA | |
| Length | 8.01 mi (12.89 km) |
| Existed | 1927–present |
| Tourist
routes | Horses and Hounds Scenic Byway |
| Major junctions | |
| West end | MD 30 Bus. in Hampstead |
| Major intersections | MD 833 in Hampstead |
| East end | MD 25 near Butler |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Maryland |
| Counties | Carroll, Baltimore |
|  | |
| Highway system | |
|  | |
| MD 86   MD 90 | |


title: Takamatsu-Kotohira Electric Railroad

abstract: Takamatsu-Kotohira Electric Railroad Co., Ltd. The Takamatsu-Kotohira Electric Railroad Co., Ltd. is a transportation company in Kagawa Prefecture, which is on the island of Shikoku, Japan. With headquarters in Takamatsu, the company operates three passenger railway lines, as well as bus subsidiaries. It was established on the 1st of November 1943. In 2021, it reported sales of ¥2,881,000,000 with a capitalization of ¥250,000,000.

text:
# Takamatsu-Kotohira Electric Railroad

The **Takamatsu-Kotohira Electric Railroad Co., Ltd.** (高松琴平電気鉄道株式会社, *Takamatsu-Kotohira Denki Tetsudō Kabushiki-gaisha*) (or **Kotoden**) is a transportation company in Kagawa Prefecture, which is on the island of Shikoku, Japan. With headquarters in Takamatsu, the company operates three passenger railway lines, as well as bus subsidiaries. It was established on the 1st of November 1943. In 2021, it reported sales of 2,881,000,000 with a capitalization of ¥250,000,000.

## History

The company traces its origins to 1909, when the Takamatsu Electric Tramway (高松電気軌道, *Takamatsu Denki Kidō*) was founded. This company opened the Nagao line on 30 April 1912 between Dehare (出晴) (close to the present Kawaramachi station) and Nagao station. The line was originally 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in) gauge and electrified at 600V DC, but it was regauged to 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) in June 1945, and the overhead line voltage was raised to 1500V DC from December 1976.

The Tosan Electric Railway company was established in 1910 and opened the Shido line on 18 November 1911 between Imabashi and Shido station (now Kotoden-Shido). The line was electrified at 600V DC. The line voltage was increased to 1500V DC from August 1966.

The Kotohira Electric Railway was established in 1924, with the line opening on 21 December 1926 between Ritsurin-Kōen and Takinomiya.

Kotoden was established by the wartime (1943) merger of these three rail lines in the Takamatsu area. Immediately after its establishment, it absorbed the bus transportation operations in the vicinity. Aerial bombing destroyed some lines during the war. After the war, the company extended its line to Takamatsu Chikkō Station, a few minutes walk from JR Shikoku's Takamatsu Station. Its network took its present form in the early 1950s.

Since the beginning of the 21st century, three new stations have opened on the Kotohira Line: Kūkōdōri on 29 July 2006, Ayagawa on 15 December 2013 and Fuseishi on 28 November 2020.

## Lines and infrastructure

Kotoden operates three lines:

* Kotohira Line (yellow)
    + With 32.9 km, this is the longest line. Its terminals are Takamatsu-Chikkō station in the center of the city, and Kotoden-Kotohira station in the town of Kotohira.
    + The line is mostly single track, standard gauge and electrified at 1500V DC. The downtown section from Takamatsu-Chikko Station to Ritsurin Station is double-tracked. With the opening of Fuseishi station, the section between Sanjo and Ota was also upgraded to double track.
    + 23 stations.
* Nagao Line (green)
* Shido Line (red)
    + Opened 1911/17 as a 600 VDC line, this being increased to 1500 VDC in 1966.
    + The shortest line with 12.5 km. It links Kawaramachi Station and Kotoden-Shido Station in Sanuki.
    + Single track, standard gauge and electrified at 1500V DC.
    + 16 stations, including Kawaramachi terminal on the Kotohira/Nagao line.
    + The Shido line is a so-called island operation, with no connection to the Nagao/Kotohira lines.

A 16 km line from Busshozan (on the Kotohira line) to Shionoe operated between 1929 and 1941. It was replaced by a bus service.

## Train services and rolling stock planning

Kotoden operates a pattern timetable on all three lines.

### Kotohira Line

* A regular half-hourly service operates all day between Kotohira and Takamatsu-Chikkō (6.00 - 22.00 from Takamatsu-Chikkō and 5.42 - 21.12 from Kotohira). The travel time is 61 minutes each way. With an 11-minute turnaround time in Kotohira and 17 minutes and in Takamatsu-Chikkō, one trainset needs 2,5 hours to make the round trip, which means there are five trainsets needed to run the half-hourly service.
* During the daytime, there is an additional half-hourly service between Ichinomiya and Takamatsu-Chikkō. This daytime service has a 21-22 minute travel time, with a turnaround time of less than a minute in Ichinomiya and 17 minutes in Takamatsu-Chikkō, meaning one trainset would need one hour to make the round trip. However, when both services are running, the trains can make a 2-minute turnaround in Takamatsu-Chikkō (the train coming in from Ichinomiya goes back as a Kotohira service and vice versa). This saves one trainset, so that there are six trainsets needed for the daytime service.
* During the morning and evening peak hours (roughly between 6.00 - 8.00 and 18.00 - 20.00), the Ichinomiya service is extended to Takinomiya. The travel time of the Takinomiya service is 41 minutes each way. With a 21-minute turnaround time in Takinomiya, there are eight trainsets needed for the peak hour service.
* During the busiest morning peak (roughly between 7.45 and 8.45) there is an additional 15-minute service between Busshozan and Takamatsu-Chikkō, with the round trip taking 45 minutes, which would mean three additional trainsets needed, but here again, Kotoden made an optimised schedule: the 7.45 outbound Takinomiya service ends in Ichinomiya and this trainset is used for the inbound Busshozan service. In total the full peak service is operated with ten trainsets.

The variation in peak vs. off-peak demand/frequencies is also used in a smart way to get the trains in and out of their respective depots, so that very little empty runs are needed. Four trainsets start and end in Kotohira, two in Takinomiya and another four at the main depot, located at Busshozan station. Basically, all services are operated with two cars, but during the peak hours, most trains are operated with four cars. The lengthening/shortening of the trains is done in Busshozan.

### Nagao Line

* The basic interval on the Nagao Line is 24 minutes. During peak hours, the frequency is doubled, giving a 12-minute interval. The travel time is around 40 minutes, with a turnaround time of 8 minutes in Takamatsu-Chikko and 6 minutes in Nagao, resulting in a round trip of 96 minutes. This means 8 trainsets are needed for the peak hour service.

Basically, all trains run end to end, but shorter workings (starting/ending in Hiragi or Kawaramachi) are used to get the trains in and out of the depots. Three trains start and end in Nagao, three trains in Kawaramachi and one train in Hiragi. The eighth trainset starts/ends in Takamatsu-Chikkō (empty running from/to the main Busshozan depot for cleaning/maintenance). All trains run in a two-car formation.

### Shido Line

* The basic interval on the Shido Line is 24 minutes. This interval is the same as on the Nagao Line, allowing for good connections between the two lines in Kawaramachi. Unfortunately, the timetables of both lines do not share the same symmetry minute. Therefore, a good connection (4–6 minutes changing time) is only provided from Shido to Takamatsu-Chikkō. In the other direction, long waiting times occur during the off-peak periods. The travel time on the Shido line is around 38 minutes, with a turnaround time of 16 minutes in Kawaramachi and 3 minutes in Nagao, resulting in a round trip of 96 minutes. This means four trainsets are needed for the basic service.
* During the busiest morning peak, three additional train pairs are added between Kawaramachi and Omachi, reducing the interval on that section to 12 minutes. With a running time of 26 minutes and a turnaround time of 3 minutes in Omachi, it is not possible to do the return trip within 48 minutes. Nevertheless, this service can run with only two extra trainsets, because a short turnaround of 4 minutes is possible in Kawaramachi when both services are running. In total, the peak service is operated with six trainsets.

Except for the extra peak hour services, all trains run end to end. Two trains start in Shido and four trains in Kawaramachi (Imabashi depot). All trains run in a two-car formation.

## Rolling stock

Having inherited most of its rolling stock from different areas across Japan (notably, Keikyu, Keiō and Nagoya Municipal Subway), Kotoden is also known as the “Moving Train Museum”

As of October 2020, Kotoden has 80 passenger cars. Of these, 40 were in use on the Kotohira Line, 20 on the Nagao Line, and 20 on the Shido Line. It also has two heritage cars.

## Other

In 1997 the railroad was the first to introduce new track safety precautions in order to combat the rising number of suicides committed by people jumping in front of a train. In the first year after new measures were implemented, the number of train suicides linked to Kotoden fell by 40%.

In 2001 Kotoden went bankrupt. This was followed by a survey, asking the citizens: “do you need Kotoden or not?". In Japanese this question is translated as "iru ka", which sounds the same as the Japanese word for “dolphin”. As a result, Kotoden chose a dolphin as its mascot in 2002. In doing so, the company always reminds itself to become a company needed by the citizens.

In February 2005, the company introduced its smart card ticketing system, which is named IruCa.

In 2011 Kotoden celebrated its 100th anniversary.

Many railway companies in Japan (and other countries) have adopted "one-man" or driver-only operation, in order to reduce operational expenses. Despite its financial difficulties, Kotoden has chosen not to do so: all trains remain staffed by a driver and a controller. More than a quarter of its stations are staffed as well.

In the wake of the 2022 invasion of Ukraine, Kotoden painted one of its trains in the colors of the Ukrainian flag, along with a message in support for the employees of Ukrzaliznitsya. The train is set to enter in service on 19 April 2022.

1. "ことでんを知る | ことでん100周年 | ことでんグループ". *www.kotoden.co.jp*. Retrieved 2022-03-22.
2. "New station "Fuseishi" on the Kotoden Kotohira Line – Timetable revised on all Kotoden Lines - \[WTM\] World Transit Maps". 2020-11-28. Retrieved 2022-03-22.
3. "TAKAMATSU-KOTOHIRA ELECTRIC RAILROAD Co., Ltd". *www.kotoden.co.jp*. Retrieved 2022-03-22.
4. Kotoden (June 2016). "Guidebook" (PDF).
5. Takamatsu, Life (2018-09-20). "The train you will not miss when traveling in Takamatsu – The Kotoden". *Life Takamatsu*. Retrieved 2022-03-22.
6. @lovearth (17 April 2022). "ことでん仏生山駅にて運用開始を待つ【ウクライナ鉄道応援？編成】、誕生の経緯はまだわかりませんが 侵攻以降ここまで明確に意思表示をされた日本の交通事業者さんはこちらが初めてでは、良い意味での『物言う交通事業者』の姿 これからの時代に…" (Tweet)  via Twitter.
7. @irucakoto (18 April 2022). "今、国営ウクライナ鉄道は激しく攻撃され、多くの職員が殉職しながらも連日多くの避難民を安全地域まで移送し、必需品を各地域に運んでいます。ことでんは鉄道会社としてウクライナの鉄道事業従事者への連帯を示すため、琴平線の上部を青くしてウ…" (Tweet)  via Twitter.


title: Osa de la Vega

abstract: Osa de la Vega is a municipality in Cuenca, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. It has a population of 639.

text:
# Osa de la Vega

**Osa de la Vega** is a municipality in Cuenca, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. It has a population of 639.

1. *Municipal Register of Spain 2018*. National Statistics Institute.

## InfoBox

| Osa de la Vega | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Osa de la VegaOsa de la Vega | |
| Coordinates: 39°40′N 2°45′W / 39.667°N 2.750°W / 39.667; -2.750 | |
| Country | Spain |
| Autonomous community | Castile-La Mancha |
| Province | Cuenca |
| Population (2018) | |
| Total | 485 |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: Yuh Jae-doo

abstract: Jae-Doo Yuh is a former South korean professional boxer who competed from 1968 to 1978. He held the WBA and The Ring light-middleweight titles from 1975 to 1976.

text:
# Yuh Jae-doo

**Jae-Doo Yuh** (Korean: 유제두; Hanja: 柳済斗; born April 25, 1948) is a former South korean professional boxer who competed from 1968 to 1978. He held the WBA and *The Ring* light-middleweight titles from 1975 to 1976.

## Pro career

In 1971, Yuh won the Orient and Pacific Boxing Federation middleweight title.

In 1975, after his successful 15th defense of the OPBF middleweight title, he moved down in weight to light middleweight and challenged Koichi Wajima for the WBA and *The Ring* light middleweight titles in Fukuoka, Japan. He eventually became the second South Korean light middleweight world champion by knocking out Wajima in the 7th round. He defended the belt once before losing the belt to Wajima via 15th-round KO in a rematch in 1976. Although he had lost the world light middleweight title, Yuh retained the OPBF middleweight belt until his eventual retirement from the ring in 1978, when he vacated the title. He also holds the OPBF record for most successful title defenses, defending the title 21 times over 7 years.

## Professional boxing record

| 55 fights | 50 wins | 3 losses |
| --- | --- | --- |
| By knockout | 29 | 3 |
| By decision | 21 | 0 |
| Draws | 2 | |

| No. | Result | Record | Opponent | Type | Round, time | Date | Location | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 55 | Win | 50–3–2 | Heung Won Kang | PTS | 12 | Dec 17, 1978 | Munhwa Gymnasium, Seoul, South Korea | Retained OPBF middleweight titles |
| 54 | Loss | 49–3–2 | Ho Joo | KO | 10 (10) | Jul 6, 1978 | Seoul, South Korea |  |
| 53 | Win | 49–2–2 | Francisco Montemayor | KO | 6 (10) | Apr 5, 1978 | Seoul, South Korea |  |
| 52 | Win | 48–2–2 | Alberto Cruz | PTS | 12 | Jan 24, 1978 | Busan, South Korea | Retained OPBF middleweight titles |
| 51 | Win | 47–2–2 | Toshiaki Suzuki | PTS | 12 | Oct 9, 1977 | Seoul, South Korea | Retained OPBF middleweight titles |
| 50 | Win | 46–2–2 | Jae Keun Lim | KO | 7 (10) | Aug 28, 1977 | Jangchung Gymnasium, Seoul, South Korea |  |
| 49 | Win | 45–2–2 | Saburo Sakai | KO | 2 (12), 1:51 | Apr 9, 1977 | Gwangju City, South Korea | Retained OPBF middleweight titles |
| 48 | Win | 44–2–2 | Dommy Cotacte | KO | 5 (10) | Feb 6, 1977 | Gwangju City, South Korea |  |
| 47 | Win | 43–2–2 | Yuichiro Watanabe | PTS | 12 | Dec 12, 1976 | Daegu, South Korea | Retained OPBF middleweight titles |
| 46 | Draw | 42–2–2 | Alberto Cruz | PTS | 12 | Sep 26, 1976 | Changchung Gymnasium, Seoul, South Korea | Retained OPBF middleweight titles |
| 45 | Win | 42–2–1 | Peter Nanboku | PTS | 10 | Jun 19, 1976 | Seoul, South Korea |  |
| 44 | Loss | 41–2–1 | Koichi Wajima | KO | 15 (15), 1:47 | Feb 17, 1976 | Nihon University Auditorium, Japan | Lost WBA and *The Ring* light-middleweight titles |
| 43 | Win | 41–1–1 | Saburo Sakai | KO | 8 (10) | Jan 17, 1976 | Busan, South Korea |  |
| 42 | Win | 40–1–1 | Masahiro Misako | KO | 6 (15), 2:16 | Nov 11, 1975 | Sunpu Arena, Shizuoka, Japan | Retained WBA and *The Ring* light-middleweight titles |
| 41 | Win | 39–1–1 | Nobuyoshi Ozaki | TKO | 4 (12) | Oct 4, 1975 | Busan, South Korea | Retained OPBF middleweight titles |
| 40 | Win | 38–1–1 | Koichi Wajima | KO | 7 (15), 2:04 | Jun 7, 1975 | City Sogo Gym, Kitakyushu, Japan | Won WBA and *The Ring* light-middleweight titles |
| 39 | Win | 37–1–1 | Nobuyoshi Ozaki | KO | 4 (12) | Mar 30, 1975 | Busan, South Korea | Retained OPBF middleweight titles |
| 38 | Win | 36–1–1 | Isamu Kondo | KO | 2 (10) | Dec 14, 1974 | Seoul, South Korea |  |
| 37 | Win | 35–1–1 | Yuji Miyagoshi | PTS | 12 | Nov 17, 1974 | Busan, South Korea | Retained OPBF middleweight titles |
| 36 | Win | 34–1–1 | Nobuyoshi Ozaki | KO | 8 (12) | Jul 28, 1974 | Busan, South Korea | Retained OPBF middleweight titles |
| 35 | Win | 33–1–1 | Hitoshi Nakagawa | KO | 6 (12), 1:07 | Jun 23, 1974 | Busan, South Korea | Retained OPBF middleweight titles |
| 34 | Win | 32–1–1 | Narong Phisanurachan | PTS | 12 | Mar 31, 1974 | Busan, South Korea | Retained OPBF middleweight titles |
| 33 | Win | 31–1–1 | Han Shik Kim | KO | 10 (10) | Aug 15, 1973 | Daegu, South Korea |  |
| 32 | Win | 30–1–1 | Cassius Naito | PTS | 12 | Jul 14, 1973 | Busan, South Korea | Retained OPBF middleweight titles |
| 31 | Win | 29–1–1 | Ken Okita | KO | 3 (10) | Jun 16, 1973 | Busan, South Korea |  |
| 30 | Win | 28–1–1 | Ken Okita | PTS | 12 | May 12, 1973 | Daegu, South Korea | Retained OPBF middleweight titles |
| 29 | Win | 27–1–1 | Cassius Naito | KO | 5 (12), 2:48 | Apr 10, 1973 | Seoul, South Korea | Retained OPBF middleweight titles |
| 28 | Win | 26–1–1 | Michihiro Horihata | KO | 9 (10) | Mar 4, 1973 | Busan, South Korea |  |
| 27 | Win | 25–1–1 | Sakae 'Big' Maruyama | KO | 2 (10) | Jan 21, 1973 | Kudok Gymnasium, Busan, South Korea |  |
| 26 | Win | 24–1–1 | Cassius Naito | PTS | 12 | Nov 12, 1972 | Daegu, South Korea | Retained OPBF middleweight titles |
| 25 | Win | 23–1–1 | Keun Taek Lee | KO | 3 (12), 2:18 | Oct 1, 1972 | Seoul, South Korea | Retained OPBF middleweight titles |
| 24 | Win | 22–1–1 | Hiromichi Hiraide | TKO | 8 (12), 1:58 | Sep 9, 1972 | Daegu, South Korea | Retained OPBF middleweight titles |
| 23 | Win | 21–1–1 | Turtle Okabe | PTS | 12 | Jun 25, 1972 | Busan, South Korea | Retained OPBF middleweight titles |
| 22 | Win | 20–1–1 | Hideo Kanazawa | PTS | 12 | May 7, 1972 | Busan, South Korea |  |
| 21 | Draw | 19–1–1 | Hideo Kanazawa | PTS | 12 | Mar 11, 1972 | Seoul, South Korea |  |
| 20 | Win | 19–1 | Saburo Sakai | KO | 11 (12), 1:54 | Jan 29, 1972 | Kooduk Gymnasium, Busan, South Korea | Retained OPBF middleweight titles |
| 19 | Win | 18–1 | Masakazu Taninobu | TKO | 3 (12), 1:23 | Dec 22, 1971 | Seoul, South Korea | Retained OPBF middleweight titles |
| 18 | Win | 17–1 | Turtle Okabe | PTS | 10 | Dec 4, 1971 | Seoul, South Korea |  |
| 17 | Win | 16–1 | Stephen Smith | TKO | 6 (10) | Nov 17, 1971 | Seoul, South Korea |  |
| 16 | Win | 15–1 | Keun Taek Lee | PTS | 12 | Sep 28, 1971 | Seoul, South Korea | Retained OPBF middleweight titles |
| 15 | Win | 14–1 | Cassius Naito | KO | 6 (12), 2:05 | Jul 24, 1971 | Seoul, South Korea | Won Oriental and PBF middleweight titles |
| 14 | Win | 13–1 | Jo Park | KO | 5 (10), 0:38 | May 22, 1971 | Seoul, South Korea | Retained South Korea middleweight title |
| 13 | Win | 12–1 | Ansano Lee | KO | 1 (10), 1:38 | Apr 3, 1971 | Seoul, South Korea | Won South Korea middleweight title |
| 12 | Win | 11–1 | Hiromichi Hiraide | KO | 10 (10) | Feb 20, 1971 | Seoul, South Korea |  |
| 11 | Win | 10–1 | Tetsuo Hoshino | KO | 3 (10) | Dec 19, 1970 | Seoul, South Korea |  |
| 10 | Win | 9–1 | Ni No Lee | PTS | 10 | Sep 27, 1970 | Seoul, South Korea |  |
| 9 | Win | 8–1 | Jae Chun Kim | KO | 6 (10) | Nov 29, 1969 | Seoul, South Korea |  |
| 8 | Win | 7–1 | Armando Boniquit | PTS | 10 | Sep 9, 1969 | Gwangju City, South Korea |  |
| 7 | Loss | 6–1 | Byung Mo Lim | TKO | 7 (10) | Aug 9, 1969 | Seoul, South Korea |  |
| 6 | Win | 6–0 | Sung Ki Choi | PTS | 8 | Jul 13, 1969 | Incheon, South Korea |  |
| 5 | Win | 5–0 | Tae Gu Kim | PTS | 8 | May 16, 1969 | Gwangju City, South Korea |  |
| 4 | Win | 4–0 | Jin Soo Lee | PTS | 6 | Apr 27, 1969 | Seoul, South Korea |  |
| 3 | Win | 3–0 | Kwan Soo Lee | PTS | 4 | Nov 30, 1968 | Seoul, South Korea |  |
| 2 | Win | 2–0 | Byong Ki Kim | PTS | 4 | Oct 27, 1968 | Seoul, South Korea |  |
| 1 | Win | 1–0 | Ho Dong Choi | KO | 3 (4) | Oct 3, 1968 | Seoul, South Korea |  |
|

## InfoBox

| Jae-Doo Yuh | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Yuh Jae-doo
(1948-04-25) April 25, 1948
Seoul, South Korea |
| **Statistics** | |
| Weight(s) |  |
| Height | 5 ft 9 in (175 cm) |
| Stance | Orthodox |
|  | |
| **Boxing record** | |
| Total fights | 55 |
| Wins | 50 |
| Wins by KO | 29 |
| Losses | 3 |
| Draws | 2 |
|  | |


title: Parchy

abstract: Parchy is a village in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan.

text:
# Parchy

39°30′N 45°02′E / 39.500°N 45.033°E / 39.500; 45.033

**Parchy** (also, **Parchi**) is a village in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan.

## InfoBox

| Parchy | |
| --- | --- |
| Parchy | |
| Coordinates: 39°30′N 45°02′E / 39.500°N 45.033°E / 39.500; 45.033 | |
| Country | Azerbaijan |
| Autonomous republic | Nakhchivan |
| Time zone | UTC+4 (AZT) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+5 (AZT) |


title: Pearl Kapur

abstract: Pearl Kapur is an Indian billionaire businessman known for founding Zyber 365 Group, a multinational conglomerate based in London, UK. He also serves as its Chairman. The company focuses on Web3 technology, cybersecurity, and retail AI, and works with government operations in India and the Middle East.

text:
# Pearl Kapur

**Pearl Kapur** (born January 4, 1997) is an Indian billionaire businessman known for founding Zyber 365 Group, a multinational conglomerate based in London, UK. He also serves as its Chairman. The company focuses on Web3 technology, cybersecurity, and retail AI, and works with government operations in India and the Middle East.

## Early life and education

Kapur was born in Punjab, India, and pursued higher education at the Queen Mary University of London, where he earned an MSc in Investment Banking (CFA Pathway).

## Career

Kapur started his career as an investment banker and investor before joining Antier Solutions as a business advisor. In February 2022, he founded Billion Pay Technologies, an IT health tech and fintech company in India. As of 2022, Kapur resides in Monaco. In May 2023, Kapur, along with Sunny Vaghela and Rizwan Shaikh, founded Zyber 365 Group. The company is known for its Web3, Layer 1 Proof of Authority (PoA) sustainable chain and initiatives such as Retail Autonomous Checkout Cashless Stores and Web3 curriculum in universities. The company was reported as Asia's fastest unicorn when it secured $100 million at a $1.2 billion valuation from the UK-based Sram & Mram Group. Kapur holds a majority 90% stake in the company.

## Awards

2024: Awarded Youth Icon of the Year award by Rising Star, presented by the Deputy Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, Brajesh Pathak.

## InfoBox

| Pearl Kapur | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1997-01-04) January 4, 1997<br>Punjab, India |
| Nationality | Indian |
| Education | Queen Mary University of London (MSc in Investment Banking, CFA Pathway) |
| Occupation(s) | Businessman, investment banker |
| Organization | Zyber 365 Group |
| Title | Founder and Chairman of Zyber 365 Group |


title: Tunbridge Walks

abstract: Tunbridge Walks, or the Yeoman of Kent is a 1703 comedy play by the English writer Thomas Baker. It starred the droll actor William Pinkethman in a leading role. It was part of a growing trend of British plays set in spa towns. The play features the folk song King John and the Bishop. It was revived numerous times during the eighteenth century at Drury Lane, Covent Garden and Haymarket. The original Drury Lane cast included John Mills as Loveworth, Robert Wilks as Reynard, Benjamin Johnson as Woodcock, William Pinkethman as Squib, William Bullock as Maiden, Jane Rogers as Belinda, Susanna Verbruggen as Hillaria, Mary Powell as Mrs Goodfellow, Henrietta Moore as Penelope and Jane Lucas as Lucy.

text:
# Tunbridge Walks

***Tunbridge Walks, or the Yeoman of Kent*** is a 1703 comedy play by the English writer Thomas Baker. It starred the droll actor William Pinkethman in a leading role.

It was part of a growing trend of British plays set in spa towns. The play features the folk song King John and the Bishop. It was revived numerous times during the eighteenth century at Drury Lane, Covent Garden and Haymarket.

The original Drury Lane cast included John Mills as Loveworth, Robert Wilks as Reynard, Benjamin Johnson as Woodcock, William Pinkethman as Squib, William Bullock as Maiden, Jane Rogers as Belinda, Susanna Verbruggen as Hillaria, Mary Powell as Mrs Goodfellow, Henrietta Moore as Penelope and Jane Lucas as Lucy.

## Bibliography

* Burling, William J. *A Checklist of New Plays and Entertainments on the London Stage, 1700-1737*. Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press, 1992.
* Orr, Bridget. *British Enlightenment Theatre: Dramatizing Difference*. Cambridge University Press, 2020.

## InfoBox

| Tunbridge Walks | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Written by | Thomas Baker |
| Date premiered | 27 January 1703 |
| Place premiered | Drury Lane Theatre |
| Original language | English |
| Genre | Comedy |
| Setting | Tunbridge Wells, Kent, present day |


title: Look (Beth Nielsen Chapman album)

abstract: Look is the seventh studio album by Beth Nielsen Chapman, released April 5, 2005. It reached number 63 in the UK Albums Chart.

text:
# Look (Beth Nielsen Chapman album)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *Pop Matters* |  |

***Look*** is the seventh studio album by Beth Nielsen Chapman, released April 5, 2005. It reached number 63 in the UK Albums Chart.

## Critical reception

Sue Keogh of the BBC writes "If you like well-crafted music for grown-ups, she's not to be missed. Listening to Beth Nielsen Chapman is like listening to any Mary Chapin Carpenter, Kate Campbell or Sarah McLachlan record; it's your older, more sensible sister talking."

Will Layman of Pop Matters says "Beth Nielsen Chapman is a rare creature; a songwriter first and a performer second. Lots of sensitively expressed feelings here, kids. Nice songs."

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Beth Nielsen Chapman, co-writers noted

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Trying to Love You" | Bill Lloyd | 3:35 |
| 2. | "Right Back into the Feeling" | Annie Roboff | 3:56 |
| 3. | "Look" | Andy Bey | 4:16 |
| 4. | "Free" | Annie Roboff | 3:34 |
| 5. | "Touch My Heart" | Matt Rollings | 4:04 |
| 6. | "Time Won't Tell" | Harlan Howard | 4:05 |
| 7. | "Will & Liz" |  | 4:05 |
| 8. | "Who We Are" | Allen Shamblin | 4:50 |
| 9. | "Your Love Stays" | Eric Kaz | 3:06 |
| 10. | "The Reason" | David Wilcox | 4:17 |
| 11. | "I Find Your Love" | Patrick Doyle | 2:43 |
| Total length: | | | 42:31 |

* Track information and credits taken from the album's liner notes.

## Personnel

* Beth Nielsen Chapman - vocals, acoustic guitar, mandolin, piano, organ, keyboards, shaker, string arrangements
* Bekka Bramlett \- tambourine
* Tom Bukovac - electric guitar, acoustic guitar
* John Catchings - cello
* Ernest Chapman - vocal duet on "Your Love Stays", string arrangements
* Patrick Doyle \- string arrangements
* Dan Dugmore \- pedal steel guitar, lap steel guitar, dobro
* Bruce Gaitsch \- acoustic guitar, electric guitar
* John Jorgenson \- acoustic guitar, electric guitar
* Viktor Krauss \- bass
* David Leonard - drums
* Bill Lloyd \- bass, guitar
* Jerry Marotta \- drums
* Michael McDonald \- backing vocals
* Chris Pelcer \- keyboards, string arrangements
* Andrew Ramsey - acoustic guitar, electric guitar
* Annie Roboff - keyboards, vocals
* Matt Rollings \- piano
* Emily Saliers - backing vocals
* Crystal Taliefero - alto saxophone, percussion, vocals
* Kristin Wilkinson - string arrangements
* Reese Wynans \- Hammond B3 organ
* Craig Young - bass

## InfoBox

| Look | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Beth Nielsen Chapman | |
| Released | April 5, 2005 (2005-04-05) |
| Genre | Country |
| Length | 42:31 |
| Label | Compass Records |
| Beth Nielsen Chapman chronology | |
| *Hymns*
(2004) ***Look***
(2005) *Prism*
(2007) | |


abstract: Below is a list of current Oceania Swimming Championships records as ratified by the Oceania Swimming Association. Of the 38 events, Australia currently holds records in 21 of them, New Zealand 16 and Papua New Guinea 1. Going into the 2010 Championships, one record set at the inaugural Championships still stood: Rebecca Brown's 2:28.24 in 200 m breaststroke. On the final night of the 2010 Championships, Australia's Rebecca Kemp broke Brown's 17-year-old record, lowering the mark to 2:26.63.

text:
# List of Oceania Championships records in swimming

Below is a list of current **Oceania Swimming Championships records** as ratified by the Oceania Swimming Association.

Of the 38 events, Australia currently holds records in 21 of them, New Zealand 16 and Papua New Guinea 1.

Going into the 2010 Championships, one record set at the inaugural Championships still stood: Rebecca Brown's 2:28.24 in 200 m breaststroke. On the final night of the 2010 Championships, Australia's Rebecca Kemp broke Brown's 17-year-old record, lowering the mark to 2:26.63.

## Men's events

| Event | Time |  | Name | Nationality | Date | Meet | Location | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 50 m freestyle | 22.48 | h | Daniel Hunter | New Zealand | 24 June 2016 | 2016 Championships | Suva, Fiji |  |
| 100 m freestyle | 49.49 |  | Daniel Hunter | New Zealand | 22 June 2016 | 2016 Championships | Suva, Fiji |  |
| 200 m freestyle | 1:48.84 |  | Robert Hurley | Australia | 5 Jun 2008 | 2008 Championships | Christchurch, New Zealand |  |
| 400 m freestyle | 3:53.56 |  | Robert Hurley | Australia | 7 Jun 2008 | 2008 Championships | Christchurch, New Zealand |  |
| 800 m freestyle | 8:21.48 |  | Lucas Fackerell | Australia | 24 April 2024 | 2024 Championships | Gold Coast, Australia |  |
| 1500 m freestyle | 15:27.31 |  | Theodore Pasialis | Australia | 5 Jun 2008 | 2008 Championships | Christchurch, New Zealand |  |
| 50 m backstroke | 25.64 |  | Robert Hurley | Australia | 6 Jun 2008 | 2008 Championships | Christchurch, New Zealand |  |
| 100 m backstroke | 54.91 | r | Robert Hurley | Australia | 8 Jun 2008 | 2008 Championships | Christchurch, New Zealand |  |
| 200 m backstroke | 2:01.23 |  | Robert Hurley | Australia | 7 Jun 2008 | 2008 Championships | Christchurch, New Zealand |  |
| 50 m breaststroke | 28.31 |  | Glenn Snyders | New Zealand | 7 Jun 2008 | 2008 Championships | Christchurch, New Zealand |  |
| 100 m breaststroke | 1:02.05 | h | Mark Riley | Australia | 15 May 2004 | 2004 Championships | Suva, Fiji |  |
| 200 m breaststroke | 2:15.27 |  | Jeremy Meyer | Australia | 26 Jun 2010 | 2010 Championships | Apia, Samoa |  |
| 50 m butterfly | 23.98 |  | Corney Swanepoel | New Zealand | 5 Jun 2008 | 2008 Championships | Christchurch, New Zealand |  |
| 100 m butterfly | 52.33 |  | Ryan Pini | Papua New Guinea | 7 Jun 2008 | 2008 Championships | Christchurch, New Zealand |  |
| 200 m butterfly | 1:58.00 |  | Moss Burmester | New Zealand | 5 Jun 2008 | 2008 Championships | Christchurch, New Zealand |  |
| 200 m individual medley | 2:01.35 |  | Kenneth To | Australia | 1 June 2012 | 2012 Championships | Nouméa, New Caledonia |  |
| 400 m individual medley | 4:21.54 | h | Nathan Capp | New Zealand | 21 May 2014 | 2014 Championships | Auckland, New Zealand |  |
| 4×100 m freestyle relay | 3:19.91 |  |  | New Zealand | 7 Jun 2008 | 2008 Championships | Christchurch, New Zealand |  |
| 4×200 m freestyle relay | 7:25.63 |  |  | Australia | 6 Jun 2008 | 2008 Championships | Christchurch, New Zealand |  |
| 4×100 m medley relay | 3:38.62 |  |  | New Zealand | 8 Jun 2008 | 2008 Championships | Christchurch, New Zealand |  |

Legend: **#** – Record awaiting ratification by OSA;
Records not set in finals: **h** – heat; **r** – relay 1st leg; **rh** – relay heat 1st leg; **b** – B final

## Women's events

| Event | Time |  | Name | Nationality | Date | Meet | Location | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 50m freestyle | 25.41 |  | Ami Matsuo | Australia | 23 May 2014 | 2014 Championships | Auckland, New Zealand |  |
| 100m freestyle | 55.18 |  | Ami Matsuo | Australia | 21 May 2014 | 2014 Championships | Auckland, New Zealand |  |
| 200m freestyle | 2:00.19 |  | Ami Matsuo | Australia | 20 May 2014 | 2014 Championships | Auckland, New Zealand |  |
| 400m freestyle | 4:10.94 |  | Tamsin Cook | Australia | 22 May 2014 | 2014 Championships | Auckland, New Zealand |  |
| 800m freestyle | 8:41.17 |  | Sacha Downing | Australia | 23 May 2014 | 2014 Championships | Auckland, New Zealand |  |
| 1500m freestyle | 17:04.21 |  | Amelie Smith | Australia | 21 April 2024 | 2024 Championships | Gold Coast, Australia |  |
| 50m backstroke | 28.77 |  | Gabrielle Fa'amausili | New Zealand | 21 May 2014 | 2014 Championships | Auckland, New Zealand |  |
| 100m backstroke | 1:01.10 |  | Elizabeth Coster | New Zealand | 5 Jun 2008 | 2008 Championships | Christchurch, New Zealand |  |
| 200m backstroke | 2:11.03 |  | Melissa Ingram | New Zealand | 7 Jun 2008 | 2008 Championships | Christchurch, New Zealand |  |
| 50m breaststroke | 31.66 |  | Lorna Tonks | Australia | 31 May 2012 | 2012 Championships | Nouméa, New Caledonia |  |
| 100m breaststroke | 1:08.24 |  | Lorna Tonks | Australia | 30 May 2012 | 2012 Championships | Nouméa, New Caledonia |  |
| 200m breaststroke | 2:26.63 |  | Rebecca Kemp | Australia | 26 June 2010 | 2010 Championships | Apia, Samoa |  |
| 50m butterfly | 26.51 |  | Brianna Throssell | Australia | 20 May 2014 | 2014 Championships | Auckland, New Zealand |  |
| 100m butterfly | 59.43 |  | Brianna Throssell | Australia | 22 May 2014 | 2014 Championships | Auckland, New Zealand |  |
| 200m butterfly | 2:09.63 |  | Amy Smith | Australia | 5 Jun 2008 | 2008 Championships | Christchurch, New Zealand |  |
| 200m individual medley | 2:14.74 |  | Helen Norfolk | New Zealand | 8 Jun 2008 | 2008 Championships | Christchurch, New Zealand |  |
| 400m individual medley | 4:47.32 |  | Helen Norfolk | New Zealand | 6 June 2008 | 2008 Championships | Christchurch, New Zealand |  |
| 4×100m freestyle relay | 3:41.75 |  |  | Australia | 22 May 2014 | 2014 Championships | Auckland, New Zealand |  |
| 4×200m freestyle relay | 8:05.12 |  |  | Australia | 21 May 2014 | 2014 Championships | Auckland, New Zealand |  |
| 4×100m medley relay | 4:08.92 |  |  | Australia | 26 June 2010 | 2010 Championships | Apia, Samoa |  |

Legend: **#** – Record awaiting ratification by OSA;
Records not set in finals: **h** – heat

## Mixed relay

| Event | Time |  | Name | Club | Date | Meet | Location | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 4×50 m freestyle relay | 1:36.85 |  |  | Australia | 24 April 2024 | 2024 Championships | Gold Coast, Australia |  |
| 4×100 m freestyle relay | 3:32.06 |  |  | Australia | 23 May 2014 | 2014 Championships | Auckland, New Zealand |  |
| 4×50 m medley relay | 1:47.13 | OC |  | New Zealand | 21 May 2014 | 2014 Championships | Auckland, New Zealand |  |
| 4×100 m medley relay | 3:54.39 |  |  | New Zealand | 21 June 2016 | 2016 Championships | Suva, Fiji |  |

Legend: **#** – Record awaiting ratification by OSA; **WR**World record; **OC**Oceanian record;
Records not set in finals: **h** – heat


title: Villa García, Zacatecas

abstract:
Villa García Municipality is one of the 58 municipalities of the Mexican state of Zacatecas.
It is located 140 kilometers (87 mi) from the city of Zacatecas. Villa García borders the municipality of Loreto in the north, Pinos in the south east. The states of Aguascalientes in the east and Jalisco in the south.
Villa García has a population of 18,269 with an elevation of 2,100 meters (6,900 ft) above sea level. The primary communities are Villa Garcia the administrative seat of the municipality with a population of 5,499, El Copetillo population 1,159, Aguagorda 1,042, Granadas 1,056, and Aguagordita 695. The region holds an annual fair from December the 1st through the 12th in honor of Our Lady of Guadalupe. The municipality has a vibrant industry of sarapes which has been in decline in the last years, many locals call sarapes tapetes or forongos.

text:
# Villa García, Zacatecas

**Villa García Municipality** is one of the 58 municipalities of the Mexican state of Zacatecas. It is located 140 kilometers (87 mi) from the city of Zacatecas.

Villa García borders the municipality of Loreto in the north, Pinos in the south east. The states of Aguascalientes in the east and Jalisco in the south. Villa García has a population of 18,269 with an elevation of 2,100 meters (6,900 ft) above sea level.

The primary communities are Villa Garcia the administrative seat of the municipality with a population of 5,499, El Copetillo population 1,159, Aguagorda 1,042, Granadas 1,056, and Aguagordita 695.

The region holds an annual fair from December the 1st through the 12th in honor of Our Lady of Guadalupe. The municipality has a vibrant industry of sarapes which has been in decline in the last years, many locals call sarapes tapetes or forongos.

* \- More information about Villa García(Spanish)
* \- Statistics of 2010 census for Villa Garcia(Spanish/English)

22°09′40″N 101°57′07″W / 22.16111°N 101.95194°W / 22.16111; -101.95194


title: Tallie Broodryk

abstract: Jan Andreas "Tallie" Broodryk was a South African rugby union player.

text:
# Tallie Broodryk

**Jan Andreas "Tallie" Broodryk**  (11 April 1910 – 22 October 1993) was a South African rugby union player.

## Biography

Broodryk was born in Loxton, schooled in Tulbagh and then joined the South African Police. He became a member of the Pretoria Police Rugby Club and initially played provincial rugby for Transvaal, because the Northern Transvaal Rugby Union was only established in 1938. After the establishment of the Northern Transvaal, Broodryk played in its very first match against Transvaal on Monday, 18 April 1938. Along with Broodryk, there were six more Springboks in the Northern Transvaal team, namely, Ferdie Bergh, who captained the side, Roger Sherriff, Lukas Strachan, Nick Bierman, Ben du Toit and the scrumhalf Danie Craven.

Broodryk was a member of the 1937 Springbok touring team to Australia and New Zealand. He did not play in any of the test matches, but played in 6 tour matches and scored 6 tries and a drop goal.

## InfoBox

Tallie Broodryk
| Birth name | Jan Andreas Broodryk |
| --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1910-04-11)11 April 1910 |
| Place of birth | Loxton, Cape Colony |
| Date of death | 22 October 1993(1993-10-22) (aged 83) |
| Place of death | Calitzdorp, South Africa |
| School | Hoërskool Tulbagh, Tulbagh |
| Rugby union career | |
| **Position(s)** Wing  Amateur team(s)  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  Pretoria Police RC   ()  Provincial / State sides  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  Transvaal   ()  1938 Northern Transvaal   ()  International career  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  1937 South Africa *(tour)*  6  (22) | |


title: Osa de la Vega Solar Plant

abstract: Osa de la Vega Solar Plant is a 30 MW solar photovoltaic power plant located in the Province of Cuenca (Spain).

text:
# Osa de la Vega Solar Plant

**Osa de la Vega Solar Plant** is a 30 MW solar photovoltaic power plant located in the Province of Cuenca (Spain).

## InfoBox

| Osa de la Vega Solar Plant | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Official name | Planta Solar Osa de la Vega |
| Country | Spain |
| Location | Cuenca |
| Coordinates | 39°39′N 2°48′W / 39.65°N 2.8°W / 39.65; -2.8 |
| Status | Operational |
| Commission date | 2008 (2008) |
| Solar farm | |
| Type | Flat-panel PV |
| Power generation | |
| Nameplate capacity | 30 MW |
| \[edit on Wikidata\] | |


title: Youngstown and Southeastern Railroad

abstract: The Youngstown and Southeastern Railroad is a short-line railroad subsidiary of Midwest & Bluegrass Rail that operates freight trains between Youngstown, Ohio and Darlington, Pennsylvania, United States. The line is owned by the Columbiana County Port Authority, leased to the Eastern States Railroad, which is owned by the line's primary shipper, and contracted out to the YSRR. Freight is interchanged with CSX Transportation and the Norfolk Southern Railway at the Youngstown end. The trackage was originally owned by the Youngstown and Southern Railway, which operated from 1904 to 1993, including a period as an electric interurban passenger railway between 1907 and 1948, being the last such line in Ohio. It was later jointly owned by the Pennsylvania Railroad and Pittsburgh and Lake Erie Railroad. After a local company bought the line in November 1996 and illegally closed it and blocked repairs, the line was out of service for almost five years until the Central Columbiana and Pennsylvania Railway began operations in May 2001. Service under the YSRR name started in 2006, after the second of two less-than-two-year periods of operation by the Ohio Central Railroad System component Ohio and Pennsylvania Railroad. The Indiana Boxcar Corporation then owned the line until 2019.

text:
# Youngstown and Southeastern Railroad

The **Youngstown and Southeastern Railroad** (reporting mark **YSRR**) is a short-line railroad subsidiary of Midwest & Bluegrass Rail that operates freight trains between Youngstown, Ohio and Darlington, Pennsylvania, United States. The line is owned by the Columbiana County Port Authority, leased to the Eastern States Railroad, which is owned by the line's primary shipper, and contracted out to the YSRR. Freight is interchanged with CSX Transportation and the Norfolk Southern Railway at the Youngstown end.

The trackage was originally owned by the **Youngstown and Southern Railway** (reporting mark **YS**), which operated from 1904 to 1993, including a period as an electric interurban passenger railway between 1907 and 1948, being the last such line in Ohio. It was later jointly owned by the Pennsylvania Railroad and Pittsburgh and Lake Erie Railroad. After a local company bought the line in November 1996 and illegally closed it and blocked repairs, the line was out of service for almost five years until the **Central Columbiana and Pennsylvania Railway** (reporting mark **CQPA**) began operations in May 2001. Service under the YSRR name started in 2006, after the second of two less-than-two-year periods of operation by the Ohio Central Railroad System component **Ohio and Pennsylvania Railroad** (reporting mark **OHPA**) (the first was in 1995 and 1996). The Indiana Boxcar Corporation then owned the line until 2019.

## Line description

The YSRR begins in southern Youngstown, where it interchanges with CSX Transportation and the Norfolk Southern Railway adjacent to the Mahoning River. It heads northwest up the river bank and then curves southwest to climb a ravine to the highlands of Boardman Township. The original interurban line followed Front Street and South Avenue out of downtown and over the Mahoning River, then a private right-of-way between Wabash and Franklin Avenues, joining the present line just east of South Avenue. Beyond Boardman, the line continues through the highlands, crossing the Norfolk Southern Railway's Fort Wayne Line at Columbiana. As it approaches Signal, where it turns east, and the Pittsburgh, Lisbon and Western Railroad once continued west, it drops into the valley of the Little Bull Creek, which empties into Bull Creek before it reaches Negley. From that community, the Smiths Ferry Branch formerly extended south alongside the North Fork and main course of Little Beaver Creek, reaching the Ohio River at Smiths Ferry. The main line continues east from Negley, up the North Fork Little Beaver Creek valley into Pennsylvania, where it ends at Darlington. It formerly continued a short distance farther to the Fort Wayne Line at New Galilee.

## History

### 20th century

The Youngstown and Southern Railway (Y&S) and Youngstown and Salem Railroad were both incorporated in May 1903, and the former absorbed the latter in October of that year. It began operations in 1904 as a 16-mile (26 km) steam line between Youngstown and Columbiana, and electrified the line with overhead wires in 1907, also extending it 3 miles (4.8 km) to Leetonia on the Youngstown and Ohio River Railroad (Y&OR) that year. In addition to carrying passengers as an interurban railway, the company handled freight, primarily coal from the electric Y&OR and the steam Pittsburgh, Lisbon and Western Railroad (PL&W). After the Y&S entered receivership in 1915, a 1916 reorganization produced the **Youngstown and Suburban Railway**.

In the late 1920s and early 1930s, Mahoning Valley industries and the Pittsburgh Coal Company attempted to build a new rail line between the Ohio River and Youngstown, claiming that the existing railroad connections (Pittsburgh and Lake Erie Railroad and Pennsylvania Railroad) refused to build suitable river transfer facilities. The Interstate Commerce Commission denied the application in exchange for the construction of these facilities. Later the coal company built a private railroad from the river at Smiths Ferry, Pennsylvania to the PL&W at Negley, Ohio, where it connected to Youngstown through control, by its Montour Railroad subsidiary, of the PL&W (New Galilee, Pennsylvania to Lisbon, Ohio) and Y&S (the latter acquired in 1928), and construction of a line between the PL&W at Signal and the Y&S at Columbiana. (The PL&W from Signal west to Lisbon was subsequently abandoned.) Large amounts of coal were shipped along the river from the mines to Smiths Ferry, and then over the rail line to Youngstown steel mills. The Y&S changed its name back to Youngstown and Southern Railway in 1944, and on January 1, 1945 it merged the PL&W into itself.

After World War II, the Consolidated Coal Company, successor to the Pittsburgh Coal Company, decided to sell its railroad properties to the Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR). The PRR agreed to purchase the Montour, and with it the Y&S, jointly with the Pittsburgh and Lake Erie Railroad (P&LE), a subsidiary of the New York Central Railroad (NYC). The two companies gained control on December 31, 1946, and simultaneously conveyed the private railroad south of Negley to the Y&S. Passenger service ended in 1948 on the Y&S, the last of Ohio's interurbans, and the Columbiana-Leetonia segment was abandoned that year, its connection to the Y&OR being long-gone. The eastern end of the old PL&W, from Darlington to New Galilee, was also abandoned then. By 1960 the Y&S had completely dieselized. After the Penn Central Transportation Company (successor to the NYC and PRR) declared bankruptcy in 1970, the newly independent profitable P&LE acquired full control of the Montour, and with it the Y&S.

The P&LE's finances declined with those of the steel industry in the 1980s, and CSX Transportation acquired its main lines in 1991 and 1992. The newly created **PL&W Railroad** (reporting mark **PLW**) began operating the Y&S under lease on May 1, 1993, and transferred the lease to the Ohio and Pennsylvania Railroad (O&P), a part of the Ohio Central Railroad System, on June 14, 1995. The Negley-Smiths Ferry line was abandoned in 1996, having gone at least two years without seeing a train, leaving only Youngstown-Darlington for the O&P to operate. The P&LE filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy on March 22, 1996. When the O&P declined to purchase the leased trackage from the Y&S, the owner sold it to **Railroad Ventures, Inc.** (RVI) on November 8. RVI immediately, illegally, canceled the lease, forcing the O&P to issue an embargo, a process intended for a temporary cessation of service. After shippers complained, the federal Surface Transportation Board (STB) investigated, and the O&P and RVI negotiated a new lease agreement in early December. But only two weeks later, the line was washed out by flooding, and the O&P issued a second embargo on December 18.

RVI belatedly filed with the STB for authorization to purchase the line in January 1997, but it was rejected because RVI did not acknowledge its common carrier obligation and the Columbiana County Port Authority (CCPA) alleged that RVI would not provide that service. A second filing in April was approved after RVI agreed to operate the line. RVI did not allow the CCPA to repair the line or carry out any repairs itself, instead filing for abandonment in January 1999 and again in May. CCPA submitted an offer of financial assistance to buy the line in September, and asked the STB to establish its value. The STB penalized RVI for its "blatant disregard of its common carrier obligation to provide service", including several sales and agreements it had made and kept secret. Only 20 days after purchasing the line in 1996, RVI had sold the "debris" (rail, ties, and ballast) to a scrap dealer. Later, in October 1999, RVI transferred subsurface and air rights to an affiliate, Venture Properties of Boardman, Inc. A November 1999 contract with Boardman Township required RVI's successor to pay for grade separations, and that month RVI sold a portion of the right-of-way to the Boardman Township Park District. During its ownership of the line, RVI had also allowed it to be paved over at grade crossings and for access to a shopping center partly owned by its CEO. The STB voided RVI's transfers, contracts, and agreements, and ordered RVI to sell the entire railroad property and pay for the necessary repairs. This too proved problematic, when RVI interfered with the escrow fund set up for this purpose, and the STB ordered the money transferred directly to the CCPA in November 2001.

### 21st century

CCPA acquired the line from RVI on January 24, 2001, and the new Central Columbiana and Pennsylvania Railway, a subsidiary of Arkansas Short Line Railroads, Inc., began operations between Youngstown and Boardman Supply in Boardman Township on May 31. On August 31, the entire line was reopened when a CQPA train reached the end in Darlington. Although it had increased its business to serve 9 customers, the CQPA, and its parent Arkansas Short Line Railroads, suffered from cash flow problems, which limited its ability to make repairs to handle the increased traffic, and it filed for bankruptcy in June 2004. The Ohio and Pennsylvania Railroad resumed temporary operations in December 2004, but decided not to continue the lease upon the conclusion of the bankruptcy proceedings. Total Waste Logistics, the line's primary customer, formed the Eastern States Railroad and acquired the lease in November 2006. Simultaneously, the Eastern States Railroad contracted with the Indiana Boxcar Corporation, which created a new subsidiary, the Youngstown and Southeastern Railroad, to operate the line.

In 2000, when the Railroad Retirement Board (RRB) reconsidered its determination that RVI was an employer under the Railroad Retirement Act and Railroad Unemployment Insurance Act, it created a three-part test for deciding whether a non-operating lessor, which still retains the residual common-carrier obligation if the lessee ceases operations, is a covered employer. For the company to pass this "Railroad Ventures test", and therefore not be covered, the following must all be true:

1. The primary business purpose of the company is not to profit from railroad activities.
2. The company does not operate its line or retain that capacity.
3. The operator of the line is or would be a covered employer.

Since RVI's primary purpose was to profit from selling off the line, it failed the test. This was a departure from earlier decisions, which had cited a 1989 determination that the Board of Trustees of the Galveston Wharves was not a covered employer to declare any such non-operating company not covered. The test has been applied to declare, for example, the Eastern States Railroad not covered (since it was created to preserve service rather than to profit) and Pennsylvania Lines, LLC covered (since it was wholly owned by Conrail, a for-profit carrier, and thus presumed to be for-profit).

In 2019, Indiana Boxcar transferred their Youngstown and Southeastern Railroad to Midwest and Bluegrass Rail.

## InfoBox

Youngstown and Southeastern Railroad
| Overview | |
| --- | --- |
| Headquarters | Youngstown, Ohio, U.S. |
| Reporting mark | YSRR |
| Locale | Ohio and Pennsylvania |
| Dates of operation | 2006 |
| Technical | |
| Track gauge | 4 ft 8+12 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge |


title: Parapolyacanthia trifolium

abstract: Parapolyacanthia trifolium is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Fauvel in 1906, originally under the genus Polyacanthia.

text:
# Parapolyacanthia trifolium

***Parapolyacanthia trifolium*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Fauvel in 1906, originally under the genus *Polyacanthia*.

## InfoBox

| *Parapolyacanthia trifolium* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Suborder: | Polyphaga |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | *Parapolyacanthia* |
| Species: | ***P. trifolium*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Parapolyacanthia trifolium***<br>(Fauvel, 1906) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Polyacanthia trifolium* Fauvel, 1906 | |


title: Lipovec (Chrudim District)

abstract: Lipovec is a municipality and village in Chrudim District in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.

text:
# Lipovec (Chrudim District)

**Lipovec** is a municipality and village in Chrudim District in the Pardubice Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 200 inhabitants.

## Administrative parts

The village of Licoměřice is an administrative part of Lipovec.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1869 | 573 |  |
| 1880 | 613 | +7.0% |
| 1890 | 575 | −6.2% |
| 1900 | 551 | −4.2% |
| 1910 | 573 | +4.0% |
| 1921 | 551 | −3.8% |
| 1930 | 512 | −7.1% |
| 1950 | 388 | −24.2% |
| 1961 | 367 | −5.4% |
| 1970 | 348 | −5.2% |
| 1980 | 309 | −11.2% |
| 1991 | 229 | −25.9% |
| 2001 | 231 | +0.9% |
| 2011 | 233 | +0.9% |
| 2021 | 245 | +5.2% |
| Source: Censuses | | |

## InfoBox

| Lipovec | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Municipal office | |
|  | |
| LipovecLocation in the Czech Republic | |
| Coordinates: 49°54′59″N 15°32′42″E / 49.91639°N 15.54500°E / 49.91639; 15.54500 | |
| Country | Czech Republic |
| Region | Pardubice |
| District | Chrudim |
| First mentioned | 1401 |
| Area | |
| Total | 5.38 km2 (2.08 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 340 m (1,120 ft) |
| Population (2024-01-01) | |
| Total | 241 |
| Density | 45/km2 (120/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 538 43 |
| Website | www.lipovec-licomerice.cz |


title: Peel Sessions 1979–1983

abstract: Peel Sessions 1979–1983 is a compilation album by English electronic band Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark (OMD), released in 2000. The songs were recorded between 1979 and 1983 for the BBC Radio 1 show presented by John Peel. "Electricity" is added as a bonus track and is the original version that was featured on their debut single on Factory Records (FAC6). "Bunker Soldiers" was recorded for the first and fourth sessions; the version from the fourth session was not released on this album.

text:
# Peel Sessions 1979–1983

***Peel Sessions 1979–1983*** is a compilation album by English electronic band Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark (OMD), released in 2000. The songs were recorded between 1979 and 1983 for the BBC Radio 1 show presented by John Peel. "Electricity" is added as a bonus track and is the original version that was featured on their debut single on Factory Records (FAC6). "Bunker Soldiers" was recorded for the first and fourth sessions; the version from the fourth session was not released on this album.

## Reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |

Aaron Badgley of AllMusic wrote, "The CD is well recorded, and the playing is tight and exciting. Andy McCluskey and Paul Humphreys have never sounded so good and so alive and energetic on any of the studio releases. Highly recommended." Badgley asserted that the original 7" version of "Electricity" is itself "worth the price of the CD". *Trouser Press* called the album "a must-have for fans". In *The Morning News*, Andrew Womack said, "OMD is not just about 'If You Leave'. And this compilation of Peel Sessions from 1979 to 1983 highlights their songwriting ability, focus, and technique by stripping all the songs to their essentials."

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Andy McCluskey and Paul Humphreys, except where noted

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Bunker Soldiers" |  | 2:49 |
| 2. | "Julia's Song" | McCluskey, Humphreys, Julia Kneale | 3:56 |
| 3. | "Messages" |  | 4:11 |
| 4. | "Red Frame/White Light" |  | 3:22 |
| 5. | "Pretending to See the Future" (misspelled as "Pretending to See the Light" on the CD and inner booklet) |  | 3:08 |
| 6. | "Enola Gay" | McCluskey | 3:03 |
| 7. | "Dancing" |  | 3:10 |
| 8. | "Motion and Heart" |  | 3:44 |
| 9. | "Annex" |  | 3:06 |
| 10. | "The Misunderstanding" |  | 2:37 |
| 11. | "The More I See You" | Harry Warren, Mack Gordon | 3:37 |
| 12. | "Genetic Engineering" |  | 3:47 |
| 13. | "Of All the Things We've Made" |  | 3:24 |
| 14. | "ABC Auto Industry" |  | 2:31 |
| 15. | "Electricity" (Bonus track, Factory FAC6 version) |  | 3:45 |

## The Peel sessions

All the Peel sessions by OMD were recorded at Maida Vale 4 studio.

### First Peel Session

The first Peel session was recorded on 20 August 1979 and transmitted on 3 September 1979.

Track list:

1. "Bunker Soldiers"
2. "Julia's Song"
3. "Messages"
4. "Red Frame/White Light"

Producer: Tony Wilson, engineer: Dave Dade.

Line up:

* Andy McCluskey (bass, vocals, drum machine)
* Paul Humphreys (keyboards, vocals)

### Second Peel Session

The second Peel session was recorded on 14 April 1980 and transmitted on 21 April 1980.

Track list:

1. "Pretending to See the Future"
2. "Enola Gay"
3. "Dancing"
4. "Motion and Heart"

Producer: Tony Wilson, engineer: Dave Dade.

Line up:

### Third Peel Session

The third Peel session was recorded on 29 September 1980 and transmitted on 6 October 1980.

Track list:

1. "Annex"
2. "The Misunderstanding"
3. "The More I See You"

Producer: Tony Wilson, engineer: Dave Dade.

Line up:

* Andy McCluskey: bass, vocals, drum machine
* Paul Humphreys: keyboards, vocals
* Martin Cooper: synthesizer (on "The Misunderstanding" only)
* Malcolm Holmes: drums

### Fourth Peel Session

The fourth Peel session was recorded on 29 January 1983 and transmitted on 21 February 1983.

Track list:

1. "Genetic Engineering"
2. "Of All the Things We've Made"
3. "ABC Auto Industry"
4. "Bunker Soldiers"

Producer: Dale Griffin, engineers: Harry Parker and Martin Colley.

Line up:

* Andy McCluskey: bass, vocals, drum machine
* Paul Humphreys: keyboards, vocals
* Martin Cooper: synthesizer
* Malcolm Holmes: drums

## InfoBox

| Peel Sessions 1979–1983 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Live album by Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark | |
| Released | 24 April 2000 (2000-04-24) |
| Recorded | 20 August 1979 (1979-08-20), 14 April 1980 (1980-04-14), 29 September 1980 (1980-09-29), and 29 January 1983 (1983-01-29) at Maida Vale 4 studio |
| Genre | Electronica, synth-pop |
| Length | 50:10 |
| Label | Virgin |
| Producer | Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark, Tony Wilson, Dale Griffin |
| Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark chronology | |
| *The OMD Singles*
(1998) ***Peel Sessions 1979–1983***
(2000) *Navigation: The OMD B-Sides*
(2001) | |