title: Midwood Hospital

abstract: Midwood Hospital opened in 1907 as Midwood Sanitarium. It closed in the 1970s, and its building served as a private school from 1979 thru 2000.

text:
# Midwood Hospital

**Midwood Hospital** opened in 1907 as Midwood Sanitarium. It closed in the 1970s, and its building served as a private school from 1979 thru 2000.

## History

The original four-story Midwood Sanitarium wood structure was replaced and renamed in 1929, after a fire, with a fireproof building that used more of the grounds and could treat more patients. It received repeat business for births, and was noted for "bright and cheery colors" as "a relief from endless white walls."

From 1979 to 2000 it housed St. John's Elementary School, a private school.

The next use for the 19 Winthrop Street building, still continuing as of 2021, is via CAMBA, Inc., a city-funded social services organization.

## InfoBox

| Midwood Hospital | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Geography | |
| Location | Brooklyn, New York, United States |
| Coordinates | 40°39′25″N 73°57′34″W / 40.65690388026088°N 73.95952218934382°W / 40.65690388026088; -73.95952218934382 |
| Organization | |
| Care system | Private |
| History | |
| Former name(s) | Midwood Sanitarium |
| Construction started | 1929 (rebuilt building) |
| Opened | 1907 |
| Closed | 1970s |
| Links | |
| Lists | Hospitals in New York State |
| Other links | Hospitals in Brooklyn |


title: Miholjački Poreč

abstract: Miholjački Poreč is a village in the region of Osijek-Baranja in Croatia.

text:
# Miholjački Poreč

**Miholjački Poreč**  is a village in the region of Osijek-Baranja in Croatia.

## InfoBox

| Miholjački Poreč | |
| --- | --- |
| Village (Selo) | |
| A village church | |
| Miholjački PorečLocation of Miholjački Poreč in Croatia | |
| Coordinates: 45°41′49″N 18°11′49″E / 45.697°N 18.197°E / 45.697; 18.197 | |
| Country | Croatia |
| County | Osijek-Baranja |
| Municipality | Donji Miholjac |
| Area | |
| Total | 1.4 sq mi (3.6 km2) |
| Population (2021) | |
| Total | 148 |
| Density | 110/sq mi (41/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: Miholjače

abstract: Miholjače is a village in the municipality of Gacko, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

text:
# Miholjače

**Miholjače** (Serbian Cyrillic: Михољаче) is a village in the municipality of Gacko, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

43°09′N 18°35′E / 43.150°N 18.583°E / 43.150; 18.583

## InfoBox

| Miholjače Михољаче | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Church in Miholjače | |
| Miholjače | |
| Coordinates: 43°09′N 18°35′E / 43.150°N 18.583°E / 43.150; 18.583 | |
| Country | Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Entity | Republika Srpska |
| Municipality | Gacko |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: Miguel Arraes

abstract: Miguel Arraes de Alencar was a Brazilian lawyer and politician. He was mayor of Recife, State Deputy, Federal Deputy and three times Governor of Pernambuco.

text:
# Miguel Arraes

**Miguel Arraes de Alencar** (15 December 1916 – 13 August 2005) was a Brazilian lawyer and politician. He was mayor of Recife, State Deputy, Federal Deputy and three times Governor of Pernambuco.

## Birth

Arraes was born in Araripe in the state of Ceará, but moved to Pernambuco after graduating from the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Faculty of Law.

## Imprisonment and exile

In the military takeover of the government of Brazil in 1964 Arraes was jailed and exiled. He initially refused to resign as governor of Pernambuco and was jailed by the military government in a political prison on the island of Fernando de Noronha. Arraes remained in prison for 11 months before being granted asylum in Algeria. He remained there for 14 years and returned to Brazil in 1979.

## InfoBox

| Miguel Arraes | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Member of the Chamber of Deputies | |
| **In office**
1 February 2003  21 July 2005 | |
| **In office**
1 February 1991  1 January 1995 | |
| **In office**
1 February 1983  1 February 1987 | |
| Constituency | Pernambuco |
| Governor of Pernambuco | |
| **In office**
1 January 1995  1 January 1999 | |
| Vice Governor | Jorge Gomes |
| Preceded by | Joaquim Francisco |
| Succeeded by | Jarbas Vasconcelos |
| **In office**
15 March 1987  1 April 1990 | |
| Vice Governor | Carlos Wilson |
| Preceded by | Gustavo Krause |
| Succeeded by | Carlos Wilson |
| **In office**
31 January 1963  2 April 1964 | |
| Vice Governor | Paulo Pessoa Guerra |
| Preceded by | Cid Sampaio |
| Succeeded by | Paulo Pessoa Guerra |
| Mayor of Recife | |
| **In office**
1 January 1960  1 January 1963 | |
| Preceded by | Pelópidas da Silveira |
| Succeeded by | Liberato da Costa Júnior |
| Member of the Legislative Assembly of Pernambuco | |
| **In office**
1951–1959 | |
| Constituency | At-large |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Miguel Arraes de Alencar
(1916-12-15)15 December 1916
Araripe, Ceará, Brazil |
| Died | 13 August 2005(2005-08-13) (aged 88)
Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil |
| Political party | * PSD (1950–1959) * PST (1959–1964) * PMDB (1979–1988) * PSDB (1988–1990) * PSB (1990–2005) |
| Spouses | *   Célia de Sousa Leão  (m. 1945; died 1961) *   Maria Magdalena Fiúza  (m. 1963) |
| Children | 10 |
| Relatives |  |
| Alma mater | Law School of Recife (LL.B.) |
|  | |


title: We Are the Others

abstract: We Are the Others is the third studio album by Dutch symphonic metal band Delain. It was released in the Benelux and Germany on 1 June 2012 and in the United Kingdom and France on 4 June by CNR Music, who took over Delain when Warner Music refused to release We Are the Others. The album was released in the US on 3 July. The first single, "Get the Devil Out of Me", was released on 13 April. The second single "We Are The Others" and its video was released on 11 September 2012. This is the first album by Delain without any studio songs with guest vocalist Marko Hietala. Live versions of "The Gathering" and "Control the Storm" are featured on the special edition of the album with Hietala singing his parts live.

text:
# We Are the Others

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic |  |
| About.com |  |

***We Are the Others*** is the third studio album by Dutch symphonic metal band Delain. It was released in the Benelux and Germany on 1 June 2012 and in the United Kingdom and France on 4 June by CNR Music, who took over Delain when Warner Music refused to release *We Are the Others*. The album was released in the US on 3 July. The first single, "Get the Devil Out of Me", was released on 13 April. The second single "We Are The Others" and its video was released on 11 September 2012. This is the first album by Delain without any studio songs with guest vocalist Marko Hietala. Live versions of "The Gathering" and "Control the Storm" are featured on the special edition of the album with Hietala singing his parts live.

## History

During their 2011 live shows, Delain debuted three new songs from the album – "Manson" (which was later renamed to "Mother Machine"), "Get the Devil Out of Me" and "Milk and Honey".

In an interview with Sonic Cathedral, vocalist Charlotte Wessels discussed the inspiration she drew from the Sophie Lancaster case:

> I remember when I first heard about it … it wasn't on Dutch news, I just heard about it through Internet networks and the goth scene … there was this movie made about it, a short film of about four minutes. I saw it, and I just cried. It's so incredibly sad! After seeing the movie, I didn't really DO anything with it until we were working on "We Are the Others." But the basic idea of the lyrics was there. It was just supposed to be a song about "we are the others" and a feeling of togetherness. On the one hand, being proud of whoever you are, whether you divert from the norm in whatever way you divert from the norm. But on the other hand, it is also kind of a song for "others". We just wanted a song about acceptance.
>
> Charlotte Wessels, SonicCathedral.com interview

Originally intended for release in early 2012, the album's release date was unknown after Warner Music's purchase of Roadrunner Records but it was announced via a Facebook message on the band official page that the album would be released on 1 June 2012 with the album's first single, "Get the Devil Out of Me", being released on 13 April 2012. The song was released for listening online on 3 April on their official website. The second single from the album was announced as the title track, "We Are the Others", and a music video was filmed. Several well-known personalities from the metal scene appear in this video, such as George Oosthoek, Sharon den Adel, Robert Westerholt and ex-member Rob van der Loo.

## Track listing

All lyrics by Charlotte Wessels and Charlotte Wessels/Tripod

| No. | Title | Music | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Mother Machine" | Martijn Westerholt, Charlotte Wessels, Guus Eikens, Tripod | 4:34 |
| 2. | "Electricity" | Westerholt, Wessels, Eikens, Tripod | 4:14 |
| 3. | "We Are the Others" | Westerholt, Wessels, Tripod | 3:17 |
| 4. | "Milk and Honey" | Westerholt, Wessels, Eikens, Tripod | 4:26 |
| 5. | "Hit Me with Your Best Shot" | Westerholt, Wessels, Eikens, Tripod | 3:59 |
| 6. | "I Want You" | Wessels, Eikens, Tripod | 4:52 |
| 7. | "Where Is the Blood" | Westerholt, Wessels, Eikens, Tripod | 3:16 |
| 8. | "Generation Me" | Westerholt, Wessels, Tripod | 3:43 |
| 9. | "Babylon" | Westerholt, Wessels, Eikens, Tripod | 4:06 |
| 10. | "Are You Done with Me" | Wessels, Eikens, Tripod | 3:05 |
| 11. | "Get the Devil Out of Me" | Westerholt, Wessels, Eikens, Tripod | 3:21 |
| 12. | "Not Enough" | Westerholt, Wessels, Tripod | 4:43 |

Special edition bonus tracks
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 13. | "The Gathering" (live, featuring Marko Hietala) | Eikens | 4:01 |
| 14. | "Control the Storm" (live, featuring Marko Hietala) | Eikens, Wessels | 4:14 |
| 15. | "Shattered" (live) | Westerholt | 4:20 |
| 16. | "Sleepwalker's Dream" (live) | Westerholt, Wessels | 4:33 |

Japanese edition bonus track
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 17. | "Come Closer" (live) | Westerholt, Wessels |  |

## Personnel

### Delain

### Additional musicians

* Guus Eikens – rhythm guitar
* Oliver Philipps – lead guitar, ambient guitar, keyboards and vocals arrangements
* Henka Johansson – additional drums
* Burton C. Bell – guest vocals on "Where Is the Blood"
* Anders "Gary" Wikström – backing vocals

### Production

* TriPod (Jacob Hellner, Fredrik Thomander, Anders Wikström) – producers, mixing
* Tom van Heesch – engineer, mixing
* Ulf Kruckenberg – engineer
* Svante Forsbäch – mastering

## Charts

| Chart | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Dutch Albums Chart | 4 |
| Dutch Alternative Top 30 | 1 |
| Belgian Ultratop (Wallonia) | 99 |
| Belgian Ultratop (Flanders) | 82 |
| UK Albums Chart | 75 |
| UK Rock Chart | 3 |
| Swiss Albums Chart | 43 |
| German Albums Chart | 77 |
| French Albums Chart | 81 |
| Japanese Albums Chart | 221 |
| US Heatseeker Albums | 23 |

## InfoBox

| We Are the Others | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Delain | |
| Released | 1 June 2012 |
| Recorded | 2011 |
| Studio | TriPod Studios and Atlantis Studios, Stockholm, Sweden |
| Genre | Symphonic metal |
| Length | 47:36 |
| Label | CNR Music/Roadrunner
Sensory (US) |
| Producer | Jacob Hellner, Fredrik Thomander, Anders "Gary" Wikström, Delain |
| Delain chronology | |
| *April Rain*
(2009) ***We Are the Others***
(2012) *Interlude*
(2013) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *We Are the Others* | |
| 1. "Get the Devil Out of Me"
Released: 13 April 2012 2. "We Are the Others"
Released: 11 September 2012 | |
|  | |


title: Ward's Bridge

abstract: Ward's Bridge carries NY 17K across the Wallkill River at the western end of the village of Montgomery in Orange County, New York, United States. It is named, as its predecessors were, for James Ward, an early settler in the area who established his grist mill on what is now the village side and built the first bridge in the mid-18th century. Originally, Montgomery was even called Ward's Bridge, and today a nearby restaurant calls itself the Ward's Bridge Inn. The mill has long since been demolished, but the earliest buildings in the village that were built around it still stand and are now the Bridge Street Historic District, listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Another Registered Historic Place, the Daniel Waring House, is located at the corner of 17K and River Road on the western side. The current bridge, a steel through truss, is 231 feet (70 m) long, with a 22-foot (6.7 m) roadway and small sidewalk on the eastern (downriver) side. It was built in 1940, and renovated in 1982.

text:
# Ward's Bridge

**Ward's Bridge** carries NY 17K across the Wallkill River at the western end of the village of Montgomery in Orange County, New York, United States. It is named, as its predecessors were, for James Ward, an early settler in the area who established his grist mill on what is now the village side and built the first bridge in the mid-18th century. Originally, Montgomery was even called Ward's Bridge, and today a nearby restaurant calls itself the Ward's Bridge Inn.

The mill has long since been demolished, but the earliest buildings in the village that were built around it still stand and are now the Bridge Street Historic District, listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Another Registered Historic Place, the Daniel Waring House, is located at the corner of 17K and River Road on the western side.

The current bridge, a steel through truss, is 231 feet (70 m) long, with a 22-foot (6.7 m) roadway and small sidewalk on the eastern (downriver) side. It was built in 1940, and renovated in 1982.

## Traffic patterns

Traffic on the bridge is very heavy at rush hour, since the bridge is the main connection for travel between two regions of the county. The combination of nearby intersections and the layout of Route 17K through the area. The western approach funnels vehicles from the northwest, via county highways like Albany Post Road and River Road (the direct route between Montgomery and Walden). Both terminate at 17K within a quarter-mile (400 m) of the bridge. Within the same distance to the east, in the village, there is the traffic light at the north end of NY 211, which connects Montgomery to Middletown and Goshen, via NY 416.

Route 17K also bends sharply as it intersects both highways to the west, then takes a 90-degree turn onto Ward Street as it enters the village and encounters the light, for eastbound traffic the first since Bullville, six miles (9.7 km) to the west. Both turns slow traffic approaching in either direction, and it in turn backs up drivers on Albany Post and River roads trying to make left turns on 17K.

These issues were aggravated between 2003 and 2005, when the construction of the Walden Veterans' Memorial Bridge downstream led the state Department of Transportation to detour truck traffic to 17K, since the Walden Low Bridge could not handle the prolonged heavy loads.

## InfoBox

| Ward's Bridge | |
| --- | --- |
| Bridge viewed looking downriver | |
| Coordinates | 41°31′44″N 74°14′18″W / 41.52889°N 74.23833°W / 41.52889; -74.23833 |
| Carries | Two lanes of  NY 17K |
| Crosses | Wallkill River |
| Locale | Montgomery, NY |
| Maintained by | New York State Department of Transportation |
| ID number | 000000001014500 |
| Characteristics | |
| Design | Through truss |
| Total length | 231 feet (70 m) |
| Width | 22 feet (6.7 m) |
| Load limit | 53 tons (48 tonnes) |
| History | |
| Opened | 1940 |
| Statistics | |
| Daily traffic | 10,448 |
| Location | |
|  | |


title: Ward's Reservoir

abstract:
Ward's Reservoir, known locally as the Blue Lagoon, is a small reservoir close to the village of Belmont, Lancashire, England. It is in the West Pennine Moors north of Bolton. The reservoir did not supply drinking water but was built to supply water to Rycroft Works in the early 19th century. It was enlarged in 1893 by Deacons who used the water to supply Belmont Bleachworks.
It holds 150,000 cubic metres of water, with a surface area of 28,000 square metres, when full. Most of the reservoir is only a few feet deep, but it has a depth of about 80 feet (24 m) at its deepest point. The reservoir was drained by its owner, Belmont Holdings, in 2010, despite efforts by local residents to save it. It had fallen into a state of disrepair following the closure of the bleachworks, and was considered a flood risk by the Environment Agency. By the end of August 2010 heavy rain had refilled the reservoir, and in September 2010 it was sold for £50,000. The buyer is thought to be a Horwich-based consortium who will renovate and develop the reservoir for recreational use.

text:
# Ward's Reservoir

**Ward's Reservoir** (or **Wards Reservoir**), known locally as the **Blue Lagoon**, is a small reservoir close to the village of Belmont, Lancashire, England. It is in the West Pennine Moors north of Bolton.

The reservoir did not supply drinking water but was built to supply water to Rycroft Works in the early 19th century. It was enlarged in 1893 by Deacons who used the water to supply Belmont Bleachworks. It holds 150,000 cubic metres of water, with a surface area of 28,000 square metres, when full. Most of the reservoir is only a few feet deep, but it has a depth of about 80 feet (24 m) at its deepest point.

The reservoir was drained by its owner, Belmont Holdings, in 2010, despite efforts by local residents to save it. It had fallen into a state of disrepair following the closure of the bleachworks, and was considered a flood risk by the Environment Agency.

By the end of August 2010 heavy rain had refilled the reservoir, and in September 2010 it was sold for £50,000. The buyer is thought to be a Horwich-based consortium who will renovate and develop the reservoir for recreational use.

## InfoBox

| Ward's Reservoir | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Ward's ReservoirShown within Blackburn with Darwen | |
| Location | Lancashire, England |
| Coordinates | 53°38′17″N 2°30′2″W / 53.63806°N 2.50056°W / 53.63806; -2.50056 |
|  | |
| Surface area | 0.3 km2 (0.12 sq mi) |
| Max. depth | 24.4 m (80 ft) |
| Water volume | 150,000 m3 (5,300,000 cu ft) |


title: Mijajlica

abstract: Mijajlica is a village in the municipality of Bojnik, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 190 people.

text:
# Mijajlica

**Mijajlica** (Serbian Cyrillic: Мијајлица) is a village in the municipality of Bojnik, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 190 people.

42°58′07″N 21°39′12″E / 42.96861°N 21.65333°E / 42.96861; 21.65333

## InfoBox

| Mijajlica | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
|  | |
| Mijajlica | |
| Coordinates: 42°58′07″N 21°39′12″E / 42.96861°N 21.65333°E / 42.96861; 21.65333 | |
| Country | Serbia |
| District | Jablanica District |
| Municipality | Bojnik |
| Population (2002) | |
| Total | 190 |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: Milan Vojnovic

abstract: Milan Vojnovic is a professor of data science with the Department of Statistics at the London School of Economics, where he is also director of the MSc Data Science Programme. Prior to this, he worked as a researcher with Microsoft Research from 2004 to 2016. He received his Ph.D. degree in Technical Sciences from École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne in 2003, and both M.Sc. and B.Sc. degrees in Electrical Engineering from the University of Split, Croatia, in 1995 and 1998, respectively. He undertook an internship with the Mathematical Research Centre at Bell Labs in 2001. From 2005 to 2014, he was a visiting professor at the University of Split, Croatia. From 2014 to 2016, he was an affiliated lecturer at the Statistical Laboratory, University of Cambridge.

text:
# Milan Vojnovic

**Milan Vojnovic** is a professor of data science with the Department of Statistics at the London School of Economics, where he is also director of the MSc Data Science Programme. Prior to this, he worked as a researcher with Microsoft Research from 2004 to 2016.

He received his Ph.D. degree in Technical Sciences from *École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne* in 2003, and both M.Sc. and B.Sc. degrees in Electrical Engineering from the University of Split, Croatia, in 1995 and 1998, respectively. He undertook an internship with the Mathematical Research Centre at Bell Labs in 2001. From 2005 to 2014, he was a visiting professor at the University of Split, Croatia. From 2014 to 2016, he was an affiliated lecturer at the Statistical Laboratory, University of Cambridge.

## Research

His research interests include data science, machine learning, artificial intelligence, game theory, multi-agent systems and information networks. He has made contributions to the theory and the design of computation platforms for processing large-scale data.

He received several prizes for his work. In 2010, he was awarded the ACM SIGMETRICS Rising Star Researcher Award, and in 2005, the ERCIM Cor Baayen Award. He received the IEEE IWQoS 2007 Best Student Paper Award (with Shao Liu and Dinan Gunawardena), the IEEE INFOCOM 2005 Best Paper Award (with Jean-Yves Le Boudec), the ACM SIGMETRICS 2005 Best Paper Award (with Laurent Massoulie) and the ITC 2001 Best Student Paper Award (with Jean-Yves Le Boudec).

Vojnovic authored the book *Contest Theory: Incentive Mechanisms and Ranking Methods*.

## InfoBox

| Milan Vojnovic | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1971-03-07) 7 March 1971<br>Split, SR Croatia, Yugoslavia |
| Nationality | Croatian |
| Citizenship | British, Croatian |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Data science, computer science |
| Institutions | London School of Economics |
| Thesis | *Bits of Internet Traffic Control* (2003) |
| Doctoral advisor | Jean-Yves Le Boudec |
|  | |


title: Milan Vitek

abstract: Milan Vitek is a violinist, conductor, educator and Professor of Violin at Oberlin Conservatory of Music.

text:
# Milan Vitek

**Milan Vitek** (born Ostrava, Czech Republic, 30 August 1938) is a violinist, conductor, educator and Professor of Violin at Oberlin Conservatory of Music.

## Studies

Milan Vitek received his diploma in 1959 from the Brno Conservatory, where he studied with Prof. Julius Remeš, a student of Otakar Ševčík. He continued his studies with Prof. Jaroslav Pekelsky at the Academy of Performing Arts in Prague (AMU), where he graduated with a Soloist Performance Diploma cum laude in 1964. In \[1961\] he won a prize at the Thibaud Violin Competition in Paris, and in \[YEAR\] he won a prize in the Llangollen International Musical Eisteddfod in Wales, U.K.

## Professional career

After completing his studies, Vitek was a founding member, concertmaster and soloist with the Prague Chamber Soloists conducted by Vaclav Neumann, member of the Czech Nonet, an official chamber ensemble of the Czech Philharmonic Orchestra, and the piano trio Pro Camera.

In 1968, he won a position in the Royal Danish Orchestra and moved to Copenhagen, Denmark. From 1969 to 1972, he played in the Royal Danish Orchestra as alternate concert master, founded Trio Pro Arte with the director of the Royal Danish Opera and later, the Sydney Opera, John Winther, as well as the Danish Chamber Orchestra. In 1970, he co-founded the Danish Chamber Orchestra.

In 1972, Vitek received an invitation to join the Czech String Quartet, resident at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, where he also became a professor of violin. He also played as concert master\[?\] in the Hamilton Symphony Orchestra.

In 1974, he returned to Denmark as professor of violin at the Royal Danish Academy of Music, a position which held until 2001. During his tenure there, he founded and conducted the Royal Danish Academy of Music Chamber Orchestra (1974), with which he toured to England, Scotland and Germany. He also co-founded the piano trio Trio Pro Arte, in which he played 1974-1999. With the trio he toured throughout Europe, Canada and the United States, and recorded the complete piano trios of Johannes Brahms, Bedrich Smetana's Piano Trio in G minor Op. 15 and Felix Mendelssohn-Bartholdy's second Piano Trio in C minor Op. 66 for the BIS label. In 1993, Vitek was also appointed visiting professor at the faculty of fine applied and performing arts at Gothenburg University in Sweden.

In 2001, Vitek became professor of violin at the conservatory of music at Oberlin College, where he had previously been a guest professor in 1993-94.

## Conducting

As a conductor, Milan Vitek has been artistic director of the Camerata Roman (now Camerata Nordica) in Sweden (1985–88) and the Danish Sinfonietta in Denmark (1989-?). He has also guest conducted the Royal Danish Opera Orchestra, the Odense Symphony Orchestra, the Czech Radio SO, the Janáček Philharmonic Orchestra in the Czech Republic, the Fribourg Festival SO in Switzerland and numerous other orchestras throughout Scandinavia.

## Teaching

He has adjudicated international violin competitions in Denmark – where he is chair of the Carl Nielsen International Music Competition – Germany, Japan, Estonia and Italy. His students are winners and laureates of among others the Carl Nielsen, J. Kocian, Heino Eller, Queen Elisabeth of Belgium, Washington International, Yehudi Menuhin International, the International Jean Sibelius Violin Competitions, and the Fischoff National Chamber Music Competition.

For his services to Danish cultural life, Milan Vitek received the Knight's Cross of Dannebrog, 1st Class, in 1999.


title: Mike McCormack (politician)

abstract: Claude Gilbert "Mike" McCormack was an American politician, who served as U.S. Representative from the State of Washington's Fourth Congressional District from 1971 to 1981. He was a Democrat.

text:
# Mike McCormack (politician)

**Claude Gilbert "Mike" McCormack** (December 14, 1921 – November 7, 2020) was an American politician, who served as U.S. Representative from the State of Washington's Fourth Congressional District from 1971 to 1981. He was a Democrat.

## Biography

McCormack was born on December 14, 1921, at Basil, Ohio (now part of Baltimore, Ohio); his parents were of Scots-Irish and English descent. As a young man he attended schools in Toledo, Ohio, graduating from Waite High School. He began college at the University of Toledo in 1939, worked for two years, and then entered military service in 1943. He attended OCS and was commissioned as second lieutenant, parachute infantry, United States Army, with occupation duty in Germany until 1946, at which time he was discharged as first lieutenant. From 1946 to 1949, he attended Washington State College and received Bachelor and Master of Science degrees in Physical Chemistry. He worked briefly at the University of Puget Sound, and then spent twenty years as a research chemist with the atomic energy facilities of the Atomic Energy Commission at Hanford, during which time he resided in Richland, Washington.

In 1956, at age 35, McCormack was first elected to a public office as member of the Washington State House of Representatives, and was re-elected in 1958. During this period he sponsored successful legislation to allow automobiles by default to make right-turns at red lights, a novel idea at the time, in order to conserve energy by reducing time spent idling.

In 1960, at age 39, McCormack was elected to the State Senate, and was re-elected in 1964 and 1968. While serving in the State Senate, McCormack was a member of several important committees, including the Interim Budget Committee and the Joint Committee on Higher Education. He was often associated with public higher education in press coverage. He was a principal author of the legislation that combined and extended the junior colleges of the state into the Community College System during 1967 and 1968.

In 1970, at age 49, McCormack was elected to the United States House of Representatives. His election was an upset victory over five-term Republican Representative Catherine May.

McCormack entered the United States Congress in 1971 as the only Member with a degree in Science, emerging as an expert on energy matters, a prominent issue during the years of his congressional service. He was a member of the House Science and Technology Committee, and Chairman of the Subcommittee on Energy Research and Production. He was an author of laws that authorized efforts which included matters such as solar energy, electric cars and fusion power, and his expertise on overall energy issues was acknowledged by Members of Congress of both political parties.

McCormack was a cosponsor in a successful attempt to pass legislation intended to facilitate general conversion of the United States to the metric system of measurement. HR 8674, the Metric Conversion Act of 1975, was ultimately signed by President Ford into public law 94-168.

At times, McCormack took positions that were critical of the policies advocated by presidents and administrations of both political parties.

In 1980, at age 59, in the midst of the "Reagan landslide", McCormack unsuccessfully sought a fifth term against Sid Morrison.

In 1981, McCormack's Congressional papers were transferred to the Washington State University Library. He then worked in Washington, D.C., through the 1980s, during which time he was made a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and became a member of the Space Telescope Institute Council, an advisory group of the Space Telescope Science Institute. During the 1990s he lived in Ellensburg, Washington, where he created and ran the Institute for Science and Society, which was primarily involved in teaching science literacy to K-12 teachers.

In 1999, McCormack received the Charles Lathrop Parsons Award, the purpose of which is: "To recognize outstanding public service by a member of the American Chemical Society."

McCormack died in Medford, Oregon, in November 2020 at the age of 98.

## Elections

| Date | Position | Status | Opponent | Result | Vote share | Opponent vote share |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1954 | WA Representative | Challenger | Lost in Democratic primary | Defeated | 19.58% |  |
| 1956 | WA Representative | Challenger | B.B. Smith (R) | Elected | 59.49% | 40.51% |
| 1958 | WA Representative | Incumbent | Eleanor Morbeck (R) | Re-elected | 61.94% | 38.06% |
| 1960 | WA Senator | Challenger | Robert W. Benoliel (R) | Elected | 59.13% | 40.87% |
| 1964 | WA Senator | Incumbent | Con Adams (R) | Re-elected | 55.38% | 44.62% |
| 1968 | WA Senator | Incumbent | Mary H. Aldrich (R) | Re-elected | 69.69% | 30.31% |
| 1970 | U.S. Representative | Challenger | Catherine May (R) | Elected | 52.58% | 47.42% |
| 1972 | U.S. Representative | Incumbent | Stewart Bledsoe (R) | Re-elected | 52.08% | 47.92% |
| 1974 | U.S. Representative | Incumbent | Floyd Paxton (R) | Re-elected | 58.91% | 41.09% |
| 1976 | U.S. Representative | Incumbent | Dick Granger (R) | Re-elected | 57.78% | 40.98% |
| 1978 | U.S. Representative | Incumbent | Susan Roylance (R) | Re-elected | 61.15% | 38.85% |
| 1980 | U.S. Representative | Incumbent | Sid Morrison (R) | Defeated | 42.64% | 57.36% |
|

1. Mike McCormack biography
2. "Washington State University Library Archives: Mike McCormack Papers, 1959-1994". Retrieved May 28, 2006.
3. "The Current Space Telescope Institute Council". Archived from the original on December 15, 2012. Retrieved May 28, 2006.
4. "Charles Lathrop Parsons Award". Retrieved May 28, 2006.
5. Mike McCormack Congressional Biography

## InfoBox

| Mike McCormack | |
| --- | --- |
| McCormack in 1967 | |
|  | |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Washington's 4th district | |
| **In office**
January 3, 1971  January 3, 1981 | |
| Preceded by | Catherine May |
| Succeeded by | Sid Morrison |
| Member of the Washington Senate
from the 16th district | |
| **In office**
January 9, 1961  November 1, 1970 | |
| Preceded by | Al B. Henry |
| Succeeded by | Daniel J. Jolly |
| Member of the Washington House of Representatives
from the 16th district | |
| **In office**
January 14, 1957  January 9, 1961 | |
| Preceded by | Al B. Henry |
| Succeeded by | James N. Leibold |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Claude Gilbert McCormack
(1921-12-14)December 14, 1921
Basil, Ohio, U.S. |
| Died | November 7, 2020(2020-11-07) (aged 98)
Medford, Oregon, U.S. |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Alma mater | University of Toledo
Washington State College |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | United States |
| Branch/service | United States Army |
| Years of service | 1943–1946 |
| Rank | First lieutenant |
| Battles/wars | World War II |
|  | |


title: Mike McCormick (outfielder)

abstract: Myron Winthrop "Mike" McCormick was an American professional baseball player. He was an outfielder for the Cincinnati Reds, Boston Braves (1946–48), Brooklyn Dodgers (1949), New York Giants (1950), Chicago White Sox (1950) and Washington Senators (1951) of Major League Baseball.

text:
# Mike McCormick (outfielder)

**Myron Winthrop** "**Mike**" **McCormick** (May 6, 1917 – April 13, 1976) was an American professional baseball player. He was an outfielder for the Cincinnati Reds (1940–43 and 1946), Boston Braves (1946–48), Brooklyn Dodgers (1949), New York Giants (1950), Chicago White Sox (1950) and Washington Senators (1951) of Major League Baseball.

## Biography

McCormick was born in Angels Camp, California, stood 6 feet (180 cm) tall, weighed 190 pounds (86 kg), and threw and batted right-handed.

He helped the Reds win the 1940 World Series, and led the National League in sacrifice hits that season. Forty games into the 1942 season, McCormick was sidelined with a broken leg. He returned to the Reds for the 1943 season, but he was inducted into the military after only a few games. He missed the 1944 and 1945 seasons due to military service. He served in the Army Air Force and played on a military baseball team with Joe DiMaggio in Hawaii.

After the Braves won the 1948 National League pennant, he was traded from the Braves to the Brooklyn Dodgers in December of that year; he and an unnamed player were sent to Brooklyn in exchange for Pete Reiser. The Dodgers won the 1949 NL pennant. The next year, he was signed by the New York Giants, played for Oakland of the Pacific Coast League, and had his contract purchased by the Chicago White Sox that June.

In 10 seasons he played in 748 games and had 2,325 at bats, 302 runs, 640 hits, 100 doubles, 29 triples, 14 home runs, 215 RBI, 16 stolen bases, 188 walks, .275 batting average, .330 on-base percentage, .361 slugging percentage, 840 total bases and 72 sacrifice hits. Defensively, he recorded a .980 fielding percentage at all three outfield positions.

In April 1976, McCormick was attending a game at Dodger Stadium when he suffered a heart attack. He died at a Los Angeles hospital.

## InfoBox

| Mike McCormick | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| **Outfielder** | |
| **Born:** (1917-05-06)May 6, 1917
Angels Camp, California, U.S. | |
| **Died:** April 13, 1976(1976-04-13) (aged 58)
Los Angeles, California, U.S. | |
| **Batted:** Right**Threw:** Right | |
| MLB debut | |
| April 16, 1940, for the Cincinnati Reds | |
| Last MLB appearance | |
| September 30, 1951, for the Washington Senators | |
| MLB statistics | |
| Batting average | .275 |
| Home runs | 14 |
| Runs batted in | 215 |
|  | |
| Teams | |
|  | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
|  | |


title: Washington Shirley, 5th Earl Ferrers

abstract: Vice Admiral Washington Shirley, 5th Earl Ferrers, FRS was a British Royal Navy officer, hereditary peer, freemason and amateur astronomer.

text:
# Washington Shirley, 5th Earl Ferrers

Vice Admiral **Washington Shirley, 5th Earl Ferrers**, FRS (26 May 1722 – 1 October 1778) was a British Royal Navy officer, hereditary peer, freemason and amateur astronomer.

## Early life

Ferrers was the second son of Hon Laurence Shirley (fourth son of Robert Shirley, 1st Earl Ferrers) and his wife, Anne.

Two weeks after the execution of his brother Laurence Shirley, 4th Earl Ferrers in 1760, Ferrers took his seat in the House of Lords as the 5th Earl Ferrers. In 1763, King George III granted him the family estates, previously forfeit by his brother as a felon (much to the surprise of Casanova, then visiting London) and he began to transform the family seat of Staunton Harold in Leicestershire.

In about 1738 he joined the Royal Navy and rose through the ranks as a Second Lieutenant in 1741, First Lieutenant in 1746 and Post-Captain soon after. He was later promoted as a Rear Admiral in 1771 and Vice-Admiral in 1775.

## Later life

Ferrers was appointed a Deputy Lieutenant of Staffordshire on 28 August 1761.

Due to persistent financial problems, he sold the estates of Astwell (including Astwell Castle) and Falcutt to Richard Grenville-Temple, 2nd Earl Temple between 1774 and 1777.

Ferrers was keen on astronomy and owned his own orrery. In 1761 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) for his work on the observations of the transit of Venus. Ferrers purchased Joseph Wright of Derby's painting entitled *"A Philosopher giving a Lecture on the Orrery in which a lamp is put in place of the Sun"*. He has been credited as being the figure on the right. Ferrers had Peter Perez Burdett (the figure on the left) as a house guest and he had attended a talk by James Ferguson who had given lectures on the orrery.

## Death

Lord Ferrers died in 1778 at Chartley Manor Place, Staffordshire at the age of 56 and was buried at Staunton Harold. He and his wife, Anne Elliot, had no children and the earldom and estates therefore passed to his younger brother, Robert.

## InfoBox

| Earl Ferrers
FRS | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 26 May 1722 |
| Died | 1 October 1778
Chartley Manor Place, Staffordshire |
| Buried | Staunton Harold, Leicestershire |
| Allegiance | Kingdom of Great Britain |
| Service/branch | Royal Navy |
| Years of service | 1735–1778 |
| Rank | Vice-Admiral of the White |
| Commands | HMS *Hawk*
HMS *Fox*
HMS *Dover*
HMS *Gloucester*
HMS *Fame*
HMS *Bridgewater*
HMS *Mermaid*
HMS *Monmouth*
HMS *Duc d'Aquitaine*
HMS *Temple* |
| Battles/wars | **Seven Years' War**
 |
| Awards | Fellow of the Royal Society |
| Spouse(s) | Anne Elliot |


abstract: The Washington Senators were a short lived minor league baseball team based in Washington D.C. In 1890, the Senators were a charter member of the Atlantic Association before the team folded during the 1890 season. Owned and managed by Ted Sullivan, the Senators hosted minor league home games at both Atlantic Park and the Swampdoodle Grounds.

text:
# Washington Senators (Atlantic Association)

The **Washington Senators** were a short lived minor league baseball team based in Washington D.C. In 1890, the Senators were a charter member of the Atlantic Association before the team folded during the 1890 season. Owned and managed by Ted Sullivan, the Senators hosted minor league home games at both Atlantic Park and the Swampdoodle Grounds.

## History

In 1890, the Washington Senators began play as charter members of the eight–team Atlantic Association. The Senators had played the previous season in the major league level American Association. Owned by Walter Hewett, the Senators franchise had been a strong, profitable franchise in the American Association before the team was forced out of the 1890 league by the other club owners. Hewett then sold the Washington Senators to Ted Sullivan, who was granted an Atlantic Association franchise.

Hewitt and Sullivan then combined resources and began construction of a ballpark called the "Atlantic Park" in honor of the new league. The Washington Senators played an integrated exhibition game against the Cuban Giants on April 6, 1890, at Atlantic Park. On April 16, 1890, the Senators hosted another integrated exhibition game. The Senators played against the New York Gorhams in front of 300 fans at Atlantic Park. Washington defeated the Gorhams 15–1 in the exhibition game.

Two days later, on April 18, 1890, the Senators and Grohams played a second exhibition on the day before the regular season began, with Washington winning 26–2. The next day, Washington lost their Atlantic Association opening game to Hartford by the score of 15–13.

Washington began play in the eight–team Atlantic Association with the Baltimore Orioles, Hartford Nutmeggers, Jersey City Gladiators, New Haven Nutmegs, Newark Little Giants, Wilmington Peach Growers and the Worcester Grays teams joining the Senators as charter members.

On May 21, 1890, the Senators were on the losing end of a no-hitter. John Doran, pitching for the New Haven Nutmegs in an Atlantic Association contest, threw a no–hit game against Washington, winning the game 4–0.

The Washington Senators began play under manager Ted Sullivan, who also owned the team. The Senators had a record of 38–47 through July 30, 1908.

As the season progressed, the franchise faced financial difficulties. Ted Sullivan attempted to organize investors to continue playing, but he was not successful. After playing their final game on June 30, the franchise was formally dissolved on August 2, 1890.

The Washington Senators joined the 1891 major league level American Association.

## The ballparks

It was reported the owners of the 1890 Washington Senators built **Atlantic Park** for the ballclub. The ballpark was located at 17th Street and U Street in Washington D.C.

The 1890 Washington Senators also were noted to have played home games at **Swampdoodle Grounds**. The ballpark was located at North Capital Street and Massachusetts Avenue, Washington D.C. Today, the site is the Union Station Shops.

## Year–by–year records

| Year | Record | Finish | Manager | Playoffs/Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1890 | 38–47 | NA | Ocheltree / Ted Sullivan | Team disbanded August 2 |
|

## Notable alumni

## InfoBox

| Washington Senators
(Atlantic Association) | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Minor league affiliations | |
| Class | Independent (1890) |
| League | Atlantic Association (1890) |
| Major league affiliations | |
| Team | None |
| Minor league titles | |
| League titles (0) | None |
| Team data | |
| Name | **Washington Senators** (1890) |
| Ballpark | Atlantic Park (1890)
Swampdoodle Grounds (1890) |


title: Morgen und Abend

abstract: Morgen und Abend is an opera by Georg Friedrich Haas to a libretto by the Norwegian writer Jon Fosse. It is based on Fosse's 2000 novel Morgon og kveld. The opera was jointly commissioned by the Royal Opera House, London, and the Deutsche Oper Berlin. It was premiered on the main stage of the Royal Opera House on 13 November 2015. The director of the production is Graham Vick. The composer has said "'Don't expect melodies, don't expect harmonies, just expect soundscapes". The vocal lines include microtones, including quarter-tones and sixth-tones.

text:
# Morgen und Abend

***Morgen und Abend*** (German: *Morning and Evening*) is an opera by Georg Friedrich Haas to a libretto by the Norwegian writer Jon Fosse. It is based on Fosse's 2000 novel *Morgon og kveld*.

The opera was jointly commissioned by the Royal Opera House, London, and the Deutsche Oper Berlin. It was premiered on the main stage of the Royal Opera House on 13 November 2015. The director of the production is Graham Vick.

The composer has said "'Don't expect melodies, don't expect harmonies, just expect soundscapes". The vocal lines include microtones, including quarter-tones and sixth-tones.

## Roles

| Role | Voice type | Premiere cast, 13 November 2015<br>(Conductor: Michael Boder) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Olai (father of Johannes) | spoken role | Klaus Maria Brandauer |
| Johannes | baritone | Christoph Pohl |
| Signe (Johannes's daughter)/ Midwife | soprano | Sarah Wegener |
| Peter (Johannes's friend) | tenor | Will Hartmann |
| Erna (Johannes's wife) | contralto | Helena Rasker |
| Chorus (offstage) |  |  |

## Synopsis

The opera, which lasts about 90 minutes, outlines the birth and death of a fisherman, Johannes. In the first section, Johannes's father Ollai waits for his birth, imagining what his wife and the child are experiencing, until the Nurse announces the birth has been successful and invites him to see the child. In the next section Johannes meditates on his child Signe and speaks with his friend Peter and his wife Erna, but eventually realizes that as the latter two have long since died, he himself must also be dead.

## Critical reaction

Richard Morrison, writing in *The Times*, opined that although the piece was slow to develop "By the end...I felt I was watching a very weird masterpiece". Rupert Christiansen, writing in *The Daily Telegraph* found the work "hypnotically beautiful yet turgidly tedious...Yet Haas’s music casts a spell...it moves like Scandinavian weather – clouds scudding, mists thickening, wind keening, thunderclaps crashing – through a glacial landscape of shimmering microtonal sound that is both precisely calibrated and eerily atmospheric". Tim Ashley, in *The Guardian*, felt that "beautiful though it sounds, it is weak as drama".

Notes Sources


title: Tiliqua rugosa

abstract: Tiliqua rugosa, most commonly known as the shingleback skink or bobtail lizard, is a short-tailed, slow-moving species of blue-tongued skink endemic to Australia. It is commonly known as the shingleback or sleepy lizard. Three of its four recognised subspecies are found in Western Australia, where the bobtail name is most frequently used. The fourth subspecies, T. rugosa asper, is the only one native to eastern Australia, where it goes by the common name of the eastern shingleback. Apart from bobtail and shingleback, a variety of other common names are used in different states, including two-headed skink, stumpy lizard, stumpy-tailed skink, bogeye or boggi, pinecone lizard. The Noongar Aboriginal people refer to rugosa as yoorn in their language. T. rugosa has a short, wide, stumpy tail that resembles its head and may serve the purpose of confusing predators. The tail also contains fat reserves, which are drawn upon during brumation in winter, during which many lizards perform a behaviour similar to hibernation except they require water every day, but can go without food. This skink is an omnivore; it eats snails and plants and spends much of its time browsing through vegetation for food. In human habitation, it is often seen basking on roadsides or other paved areas.

text:
# Tiliqua rugosa

***Tiliqua rugosa***, most commonly known as the **shingleback skink** or **bobtail lizard**, is a short-tailed, slow-moving species of blue-tongued skink (genus *Tiliqua*) endemic to Australia. It is commonly known as the shingleback or **sleepy lizard**. Three of its four recognised subspecies are found in Western Australia, where the *bobtail* name is most frequently used. The fourth subspecies, *T. rugosa asper,* is the only one native to eastern Australia, where it goes by the common name of the **eastern shingleback**.

Apart from bobtail and shingleback, a variety of other common names are used in different states, including **two-headed skink**, **stumpy lizard,** **stumpy-tailed skink**, **bogeye** or **boggi**, **pinecone lizard**. The Noongar Aboriginal people refer to *rugosa* as *yoorn* in their language.

*T. rugosa* has a short, wide, stumpy tail that resembles its head and may serve the purpose of confusing predators. The tail also contains fat reserves, which are drawn upon during brumation in winter, during which many lizards perform a behaviour similar to hibernation except they require water every day, but can go without food. This skink is an omnivore; it eats snails and plants and spends much of its time browsing through vegetation for food. In human habitation, it is often seen basking on roadsides or other paved areas.

## Etymology and taxonomy

The species was first described by John Edward Gray in 1825 as *Trachydosaurus rugosus*. It is now classified as *Tiliqua rugosa*. Some herpetologists claim this species has more common names than any other lizard.

## Subspecies

Four subspecies of *Tiliqua rugosa* are currently recognised:

* *Tiliqua rugosa asper*: eastern shingleback  eastern Australia
* *T. rugosa rugosa*: bobtail or western shingleback  Western Australia
* *T. rugosa konowi*: Rottnest Island bobtail or Rottnest Island shingleback  Rottnest Island, Western Australia
* *T. rugosa palarra*: northern bobtail or Shark Bay shingleback  Shark Bay, Western Australia

## Distribution and habitat

The species is widely distributed in arid to semiarid regions of southern and western Australia. The range extends from Broome, Western Australia, across the southernmost regions of the country to the coast, then north into Queensland. Four subspecies are found in Western Australia, including one at Rottnest Island. It also lives in the eastern states of Victoria and New South Wales, but does not reach coastal areas in these states.

The habitat of the species includes shrub lands, eucalyptus forests, desert grasslands, and sandy dunes. They often shelter in the bush under low foliage. Being cold-blooded, these skinks are well known to have a strong preference for sun basking in open areas, and are often seen along roadsides or other cleared areas in its range. On average, individuals have a home range of four hectares, and can move up to 500 metres per day.

These lizards show strong home range site stability for up to several years and often multiple lizards can utilise the same burrow. As conditions become hotter and drier these lizards tend to share the burrows. During the spring time and given an adequate source of food that season and normal mating behaviour, males can often overlap each other's ranges. This can lead to territoriality and agonistic behaviour.

## Description

*Tiliqua rugosa* has a heavily armoured body and can be found in various colours, ranging from dark brown to cream. Its snout–vent length varies from 260 to 310 mm (10 to 12 in), and it is very heavy-bodied for its length. Their eyes are small with a reddish-brown and grey colour.

It has a triangular head and a bright blue tongue, inside a bright pink mouth. Its short, stumpy tail is similar in shape to its head. This is probably a defence mechanism to confuse predators although it also stores fat and has led to the common name of "two-headed skink". Unlike many skinks, shinglebacks do not exhibit autotomy and cannot shed their tails.

The average lifespan for these skinks is 10 to 15 years, but some individuals have been known to live for as much as 50 years in the wild.

The species normally shed their skin as a whole, including the eye covering. This takes up to several hours, during which the lizard rubs against objects to help the process.

The species exhibits sexual dimorphism, with males being stockier than females and having a larger head although females generally grow larger than males.

## Diet

*T. rugosa* is an omnivore that eat snails, insects, carrion, vegetation and flowers. Since they are slow-moving, they tend to eat other slow moving species. This is perhaps why *T. rugosa* has a stronger preference for plants than other blue-tongue skink species. They can easily crush through the shells of snails with their strong jaws.

As they overlap with human habitation and settlement, they have also been known to eat human food, such as sausage and chicken, as well as fruits such as strawberries, banana and passionfruit.

## Behaviour

*T. rugosa* live a very sedentary lifestyle and generally act peacefully toward other individuals. However, these lizards are territorial and can display agonistic behaviour towards conspecific intruders. They have stable home ranges and can differentiate between individuals through chemical cues. Familial neighbours who share home ranges and burrows do not show aggressive behaviour. However, unfamiliar males will be attacked by other males in occasional agonistic interactions. Scale damaged has allowed for the observation that unpaired males are more likely to display agonistic behaviour towards each other.

They are floating males and thus wander many home ranges with male inhabitants. *T. rugosa* performs almost no parental care, so the observed monogamy is only advantageous premating.

### In captivity

The shingleback skink has become a popular pet among Australian enthusiasts. They are relatively docile and easy to feed and maintain. A permit may be required to keep them in some states. Skinks will bite humans if threatened. These bites, although not venomous, will hurt like other animal bites and may cause the affected area to swell or bruise.

## Predators

The species was once preyed upon by dingos and Australian pythons such as *Morelia spilota*, as well as by Aboriginal Australians; today the potential threats are more likely to come from large, introduced feral species such as foxes and cats. In the bush habitat in Western Australia, birds of prey like falcons and kookaburras, and large snakes will commonly prey on these skinks.

Ticks and nematodes commonly parasitise this species by attaching under scales or in the ear. The kangaroo soft tick, *Ornithodoros gurneyi,* has been studied as a common parasite of *T. rugosa*, with claims that it infects the skinks when they spend time under trees or shrubs, where they commonly shelter during hot summer days.

They have many performative defence mechanisms for predators. *T. rugosa* tends to gape open its mouth and display its blue tongue, which is often accompanied with intense hissing. Since they have a harsh bite, it is used for defence if interactions worsen.

## Reproduction

*T. rugosa* is a viviparous skink meaning that its young are born live rather than being hatched from eggs as with most other lizards. Pregnancy and parturition are incredibly taxing on females. Relative clutch mass is 26.8% ***±***1.5% that of the mother.

Brood size may be from one to four — more usually two to three — relatively large offspring. The trade-off with small litter size versus large body size increases their survival chances. Females possess a well-developed placenta with which they feed their unborn young.

Unlike most other lizards the species tends to be monogamous and tend to re-unite in pairs during September to November prior to the breeding season. Pairs have been known to return to each other every year for up to 20 years. The breeding season is from December to April and the gestation period is usually 3–5 months.

When they are born, the young immediately consume their afterbirth. They stay with their parents for several months before becoming independent, but they remain in close proximity, forming a colony of closely related skinks.

The male of a monogamous pair eats less while parenting, remaining alert and ready to give an alarm. They will tail behind the female to protect them from rival males while the female fends for food.

## Socialisation

Forming monogamous pair bonds is a central facet of the bobtail lizard's life. Their excellent sense of direction allows the male to follow or pursue the female repeatedly, even outside of mating season. When one of the pair is killed, these skinks have even been observed grieving or brooding for their pair partner.

Social monogamy is beneficial to female bobtail lizards more than males. This is why polyandry is seldom found but polygyny is more common. Females tend to prefer attentive males, and therefore hold the mating choice. Researchers have found that males have to prove themselves to the female by following them around for a couple of weeks before mating, to be selected as a mate. For this reason, females often prefer to stay with the same male in future years; they gain the value of consistency and confidence that the male will once again be attentive. Females that switch mate pairs some years have been found doing so when the male was less attentive in the previous year.

There are many reasons for why monogamy is especially popular in bobtail lizards. First, having two long-term pairs enhances parental care as there are two parents to watch after, fend for, and acquire resources for the offspring. Additionally, monogamy makes it easier for males to guard female home ranges. In polygamous setups, guarding multiple female ranges against other males proves to be difficult and waste time and resources.

Extra-pair fertilisation, although more rare, tends to produce larger broods. However, the trade-off is that the female receives less attention in these setups, hence monogamy is most popular.

## Sensation and perception

### Hearing

Their hearing can be measured at the round window as cochlear microphonics and summating potential (of the cochlea), and compound action potential and single-fibre responses (of the auditory nerve). These indicate a best hearing range near 1000 Hz. Earlier reports that their hearing sensitivity varied with the season have been shown to be an artefact of the seasonally varying sensitivity to anesthetics.

Single-unit recordings from the auditory nerve show both spontaneous and nonspontaneous responses. Tuning curves show peak sensitivity between 200 Hz and 4.5 kHz. The absolute sensitivity is quite high, with some thresholds at 6 db sound pressure level, very close to human best sensitivity.

### Olfaction

The sense of smell is crucial for this species avoidance behaviours. Living in bush lands that are so prone to fire means skinks have to easily be able to detect smoke. During studies, it was proven that *T. rugosa* engaged in more active behaviour such as pacing and tongue flicking in the presence of smoke. Scientists have concluded that fires are detected by their olfactory senses.

### Visual perception

It has been discovered that bobtail lizards maintain the ability to navigate home when displaced from their home range. This remarkable ability is due to visual cues from light polarisation and ferromagnetic detection, forming a sort of "celestial compass" that provides the lizard a sense of direction when coming back home. However, this ability only persists until about 800 metres out of the home range, and further displacement distances means the skink is too far away to navigate.

## Conservation status

Under the IUCN Red List, *Tiliqua rugosa* is categorised as Least Concern. They are a protected species in Australia and can only be exported lawfully under a federal permit, but their import into and trade between other countries is not commonly illegal. Its population is stable and for the most part there are no significant threats. However, the subspecies *T. r. konowi,* located on Rottnest island, is considered Vulnerable.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| *Tiliqua rugosa* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Eastern shingleback | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Family: | Scincidae |
| Genus: | *Tiliqua* |
| Species: | ***T. rugosa*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Tiliqua rugosa***
(Gray, 1825) | |
|
| Subspecies | |
| *T. r. rugosa* *T. r. asper* *T. r. konowi* *T. r. palarra* | |
|  | |
| Distribution of *Tiliqua rugosa* | |
| Synonyms | |
| *Trachydosaurus rugosus* | |


title: Poema Arcanus

abstract: Poema Arcanus is a Chilean death/doom metal band that was formed in the early 1990s and has six full-length studio albums under their name. The band was originally named Garbage; they later changed their name to Garbage Breed and eventually settled on their current name of Poema Arcanus. Influences of Poema Arcanus include, among others, Autopsy, Candlemass, Fields of the Nephilim, My Dying Bride, Paradise Lost, Queensrÿche, Solitude Aeturnus, and Voivod. This band has been a live supporting act for bands such as Napalm Death, Moonspell, and Candlemass. They are currently signed to Transcending Obscurity Records.

text:
# Poema Arcanus

**Poema Arcanus** is a Chilean death/doom metal band that was formed in the early 1990s and has six full-length studio albums under their name. The band was originally named **Garbage**; they later changed their name to **Garbage Breed** and eventually settled on their current name of Poema Arcanus. Influences of Poema Arcanus include, among others, Autopsy, Candlemass, Fields of the Nephilim, My Dying Bride, Paradise Lost, Queensrÿche, Solitude Aeturnus, and Voivod. This band has been a live supporting act for bands such as Napalm Death, Moonspell, and Candlemass. They are currently signed to Transcending Obscurity Records.

## Line-up

### Current members

* Claudio Carrasco  vocals (1991 onward)
* Juan Díaz - bass guitar (2018 onward)
* Igor Leiva  guitars (1991 onward)
* Luis Moya  drums (1999 onward)

### Former members

* Michel Leroy  keyboards
* Claudio Botarro  bass guitar
* Pablo Tapia - bass guitar
* Juan Pablo Vallejos - bass guitar
* Igor Leiva  guitars
* Eduardo Zenteno  drums
* Roxana Espinoza  keyboards
* Alonso  drums

## Discography

* *Underdeveloped* (under the moniker *Garbage*; demo, 1995)
* *Innocent Shades* (under the moniker *Garbage Breed*; demo, 1996)
* Promo Tape (demo, 1997)
* *Southern Winds* (demo, 1998)
* *Arcane XIII* (full-length, 1999)
* *Iconoclast* (full-length, 2002)
* *Buried Songs: the Early Times* (compilation, 2003)
* *Telluric Manifesto* (full-length, 2005)
* *Timeline Symmetry* (full-length, 2009)
* *Transient Chronicles* (2012)

## InfoBox

| Poema Arcanus | |
| --- | --- |
| Origin | Santiago, Chile |
| Genres | Doom/death metal |
| Years active | 1991 onward |
| Labels | Picorocos Records, Rawforce Productions, Aftermath Music |
|  | |
| Members | Claudio Carrasco García - Vocals
Juan Díaz - Bass
Igor Leiva Benavides - Guitars
Luis Moya - Drums |
|  | |
| Past members | Pablo Tapia
Italo Martinez
Claudio Botarro Neira
Roxana Espinoza
Michel Leroy
Eduardo Zenteno
Alonso |
|  | |
| Website | http://www.poemaarcanus.cl/ |


title: Yuka Hirata

abstract: Yuka Hirata is a Japanese actress, voice actress, tarento, and gravure idol from Hokkaido. She portrayed Mere in the Super Sentai Series Juken Sentai Gekiranger. She has also appeared in Food Fight, an episode of Carlos, and several idol videos. In 2010, she appeared in the live-action film, Wonderful World, with voice actors, Mamoru Miyano, Tomokazu Sugita, Tomokazu Seki, Showtaro Morikubo and Daisuke Namikawa.

text:
# Yuka Hirata

**Yuka Hirata** (平田 裕香, *Hirata Yuka*, born September 15, 1983) is a Japanese actress, voice actress, tarento, and gravure idol from Hokkaido. She portrayed Mere in the Super Sentai Series *Juken Sentai Gekiranger*. She has also appeared in *Food Fight*, an episode of Carlos, and several idol videos.

In 2010, she appeared in the live-action film, *Wonderful World*, with voice actors, Mamoru Miyano, Tomokazu Sugita, Tomokazu Seki, Showtaro Morikubo and Daisuke Namikawa.

## Filmography

### Movies

### Television dramas

### Television animation

### Original video animation (OVA)

### Japanese dub

#### Live-action

#### Animation

## Radio

### Radio drama

* *Nissan A, Abe Reiji: Beyond the Average* \- Satsuki Himekawa (2009–)
* *River Side Cafe* \- Saki Nonomiya (2013–14)

### Presenter

* *Music Line* (2014–15)

## InfoBox

| Yuka Hirata | |
| --- | --- |
| 平田 裕香 | |
| Born | (1983-09-15) September 15, 1983<br>Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan |
| Occupations |  |
| Years active | 1998–present |
| Agent | Across Entertainment |
| Height | 158 cm (5 ft 2 in) |


title: W. G. M. Albert Silva

abstract: Wijeweera Goonawardene Mahavidanege Albert Silva was a Ceylonese politician. Silva was educated at the Sinhala Mixed School in Monaragala and in 1949 was appointed as town headman of Muppane. Prior to the 2nd parliamentary election held in May 1952, Silva gave up his post as headman so that he could contest the seat of Buttala as an Independent. He received 1,272 votes, 7,024 votes behind the incumbent member, Leo Fernando, from the United National Party. He didn't run in the 1955 parliamentary by-election, held on 5 March 1955, following the death of the sitting member, Sir Leo Fernando. Silva, this time running as the candidate for Sri Lanka Freedom Party, was successful at the 3rd parliamentary election held in April 1956, defeating Gladwin Kotelawala by 3,281, securing 7,416 votes. At the March 1960 elections to the fourth parliament, Silva came forward for the newly-demarcated seat of Monaragala as the Sri Lanka Freedom Party candidate and was returned, receiving 3,738 votes. However, as the election left neither of the country's two major parties with a majority, another election was called. At the subsequent 5th parliamentary election held on 20 July 1960, Silva retained his seat, polling 5,475 votes. On 3 December 1964, he crossed the floor with Charles Percival de Silva, the deputy party leader, and twelve other members of the Sri Lanka Freedom Party to vote against the government's bill to nationalise the country's newspapers, resulting in defeat of the government of Sirimavo Bandaranaike by one vote. At the ensuing general parliamentary elections in 1965 Silva ran as the candidate for the National Liberation Front but failed to get re-elected, losing to the Sri Lanka Freedom Party's candidate, Raja Welegama, by 7,556 votes, with Silva only polling 701 votes. Silva didn't contest the 7th parliamentary election, held on 27 May 1970, but did run for the seat of Monaragala at the 8th parliamentary election, held on 21 July 1977. He finished fifth in a field of six, only polling 297 votes, 12,019 votes behind the successful United National Party candidate, R. M. Punchi Bandara.

text:
# W. G. M. Albert Silva

**Wijeweera Goonawardene Mahavidanege Albert Silva** (15 January 1918  ?) was a Ceylonese politician.

Silva was educated at the Sinhala Mixed School in Monaragala and in 1949 was appointed as town headman of Muppane.

Prior to the 2nd parliamentary election held in May 1952, Silva gave up his post as headman so that he could contest the seat of Buttala as an Independent. He received 1,272 votes (10.75% of the total vote), 7,024 votes behind the incumbent member, Leo Fernando, from the United National Party. He didn't run in the 1955 parliamentary by-election, held on 5 March 1955, following the death of the sitting member, Sir Leo Fernando.

Silva, this time running as the candidate for Sri Lanka Freedom Party, was successful at the 3rd parliamentary election held in April 1956, defeating Gladwin Kotelawala by 3,281, securing 7,416 votes (634% of the total vote).

At the March 1960 elections to the fourth parliament, Silva came forward for the newly-demarcated seat of Monaragala as the Sri Lanka Freedom Party candidate and was returned, receiving 3,738 votes (38% of the total vote). However, as the election left neither of the country's two major parties with a majority, another election was called. At the subsequent 5th parliamentary election held on 20 July 1960, Silva retained his seat, polling 5,475 votes (58% of the total vote).

On 3 December 1964, he crossed the floor with Charles Percival de Silva, the deputy party leader, and twelve other members of the Sri Lanka Freedom Party to vote against the government's bill to nationalise the country's newspapers, resulting in defeat of the government of Sirimavo Bandaranaike by one vote. At the ensuing general parliamentary elections in 1965 Silva ran as the candidate for the National Liberation Front (Jathika Vimukthi Peramuna) but failed to get re-elected, losing to the Sri Lanka Freedom Party's candidate, Raja Welegama, by 7,556 votes, with Silva only polling 701 votes (3.9% of the total vote).

Silva didn't contest the 7th parliamentary election, held on 27 May 1970, but did run for the seat of Monaragala at the 8th parliamentary election, held on 21 July 1977. He finished fifth in a field of six, only polling 297 votes (1.2% of the total vote), 12,019 votes behind the successful United National Party candidate, R. M. Punchi Bandara.

## InfoBox

| Hon.W. G. M. Albert Silva | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Ceylon Parliament
for Buttala | |
| **In office**
19 April 1956  1960 | |
| Preceded by | Gladwin Kotelawala |
| Succeeded by | constituency abolished |
| Member of the Ceylon Parliament
for Monaragala | |
| **In office**
1960–1965 | |
| Preceded by | constituency established |
| Succeeded by | Raja Welegama |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Wijeweera Goonawardene Mahavidanege Albert Silva
(1918-01-15)15 January 1918 |
| Nationality | Ceylonese |
| Political party | Sri Lanka Freedom Party |
| Profession | politician |
|  | |


abstract: The United States has competed at every edition of the World Athletics Championships since its inception in 1983. It has been the most successful nation at the global competition for track and field. By the end of the 2023 World Championships, its athletes had won a total of 443 medals, 195 of them gold – more than double that of the next most successful nation Kenya, as well as more than the combined total of the Soviet Union and post-Soviet states. It has been the top nation in the championships medal table at every edition bar 1983 and 1987, 2001 (Russia) and 2015 (Kenya). It also ranks number one on points in the national placing tables. As one of the foremost nations in the sport internationally, its delegations for the championships are among the largest. It also won the first title of "World Team Champions" inaugurated for the Oregon 2022. The most decorated athlete of the competition's history is American: Allyson Felix has won 20 World Championships medals, eleven of them gold, competing across the individual and relay sprint events. Among men, the United States has three of the four most decorated men, all of them sprinters; LaShawn Merritt has eleven medals, Carl Lewis won ten and Michael Johnson won eight. All three won eight gold medals. Johnson is the nation's most successful athlete individually, having won six gold medals in the 200-meter dash and 400-meter dash. American Gail Devers is the second most successful woman individually, with four golds and two silver medals from the 100-meter dash and 100-meter hurdles. Felix and Amy Acuff have made the most appearances for the United States, each having represented their country at eight separate editions. The United States team was affected by doping during the period from 1997 to 2003, principally in sprinting events. The loss of several gold medals in 2001 resulted in the United States dropping to second in the medal rankings for the first time since 1987.

text:
# United States at the World Athletics Championships

The United States has competed at every edition of the **World Athletics Championships** since its inception in 1983. It has been the most successful nation at the global competition for track and field. By the end of the 2023 World Championships, its athletes had won a total of 443 medals, 195 of them gold – more than double that of the next most successful nation Kenya, as well as more than the combined total of the Soviet Union and post-Soviet states. It has been the top nation in the championships medal table at every edition bar 1983 and 1987 (East Germany), 2001 (Russia) and 2015 (Kenya). It also ranks number one on points in the national placing tables. As one of the foremost nations in the sport internationally, its delegations for the championships are among the largest. It also won the first title of "World Team Champions" inaugurated for the Oregon 2022.

The most decorated athlete of the competition's history is American: Allyson Felix has won 20 World Championships medals, eleven of them gold, competing across the individual and relay sprint events. Among men, the United States has three of the four most decorated men (after Usain Bolt), all of them sprinters; LaShawn Merritt has eleven medals, Carl Lewis won ten and Michael Johnson won eight. All three won eight gold medals. Johnson is the nation's most successful athlete individually (and the third most successful overall), having won six gold medals in the 200-meter dash and 400-meter dash. American Gail Devers is the second most successful woman individually, with four golds and two silver medals from the 100-meter dash and 100-meter hurdles. Felix and Amy Acuff have made the most appearances for the United States, each having represented their country at eight separate editions.

The United States team was affected by doping during the period from 1997 to 2003, principally in sprinting events. The loss of several gold medals in 2001 resulted in the United States dropping to second in the medal rankings for the first time since 1987.

## Medal table

| Championships | Men | | | Women | | | Mixed | | | Total | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total | Rank | Athletes |
| 1976 Malmö | 0 | 0 | 0 | No female events | | | No mixed events | | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Unranked | 3 |
| 1980 Sittard | No male events | | | 0 | 0 | 0 | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Unranked | 6 |
| 1983 Helsinki | 6 | 8 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 3 | | 8 | 9 | 7 | 24 | 2 | 101 |
| 1987 Roma | 7 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 2 | | 10 | 4 | 6 | 20 | 2 |  |
| 1991 Tokyo | 9 | 4 | 7 | 1 | 4 | 1 | | 10 | 8 | 8 | 26 | 1 |  |
| 1993 Stuttgart | 8 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 2 | | 13 | 7 | 5 | 25 | 1 |  |
| 1995 Gothenburg | 7 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 1 | | 12 | 2 | 5 | 19 | 1 |  |
| 1997 Athens | 4 | 1 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 2 | | 6 | 3 | 8 | 17 | 1 |  |
| 1999 Seville | 6 | 0 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 1 | | 10 | 3 | 4 | 17 | 1 |  |
| 2001 Edmonton | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | | 5 | 5 | 3 | 13 | 2 |  |
| 2003 Paris | 6 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 1 | | 8 | 7 | 1 | 16 | 1 |  |
| 2005 Helsinki | 9 | 4 | 2 | 5 | 4 | 1 | | 14 | 8 | 3 | 25 | 1 |  |
| 2007 Osaka | 10 | 3 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 1 | | 14 | 5 | 7 | 26 | 1 |  |
| 2009 Berlin | 6 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | | 10 | 6 | 6 | 22 | 1 | 160 |
| 2011 Daegu | 6 | 5 | 3 | 6 | 4 | 4 | | 12 | 9 | 7 | 28 | 1 | 127 |
| 2013 Moscow | 4 | 8 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 3 | | 8 | 13 | 5 | 26 | 1 | 137 |
| 2015 Beijing | 4 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 4 | | 6 | 6 | 6 | 18 | 3 | 130 |
| 2017 London | 3 | 6 | 4 | 7 | 5 | 5 | | 10 | 11 | 9 | 30 | 1 | 167 |
| 2019 Doha | 9 | 5 | 1 | 4 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 11 | 4 | 29 | 1 | 144 |
| 2022 Eugene | 6 | 7 | 5 | 7 | 2 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 13 | 9 | 11 | 33 | 1 | 151 |
| 2023 Budapest | 6 | 2 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 8 | 9 | 29 | 1 | 138 |
| **Total** | **119** | **74** | **67** | **74** | **60** | **46** | **2** | **0** | **1** | **195** | **134** | **114** | **443** | **1** |  |

## Multiple medalists

| Athlete | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total | Years |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Allyson Felix | 14 | 3 | 3 | 20 | 2005–2022 |
| LaShawn Merritt | 8 | 3 | 0 | 11 | 2005–2015 |
| Carl Lewis | 8 | 1 | 1 | 10 | 1983–1993 |
| Michael Johnson | 8 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 1991–1999 |
| Noah Lyles | 6 | 1 | 0 | 7 | 2019–2023 |
| Gail Devers | 5 | 3 | 0 | 8 | 1991–2001 |
| Sanya Richards-Ross | 5 | 2 | 0 | 7 | 2003–2015 |
| Jeremy Wariner | 5 | 1 | 0 | 6 | 2005–2009 |
| Natasha Hastings | 5 | 1 | 0 | 6 | 2007–2017 |
| Jessica Beard | 5 | 1 | 0 | 6 | 2009–2019 |
| Maurice Greene | 5 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 1997–2001 |
| Justin Gatlin | 4 | 6 | 0 | 10 | 2005–2019 |
| Jearl Miles Clark | 4 | 3 | 2 | 9 | 1991–2003 |
| Allen Johnson | 4 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 1995–2005 |
| Dwight Phillips | 4 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 2003–2011 |
| Kerron Clement | 4 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 2007–2017 |
| Vernon Norwood | 4 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 2015–2023 |
| Jackie Joyner-Kersee | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 1987–1993 |
| Brittney Reese | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 2009–2017 |
| Christian Taylor | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 2011–2019 |
| Gwen Torrence | 3 | 4 | 1 | 8 | 1991–1995 |
| Christian Coleman | 3 | 3 | 0 | 6 | 2017–2023 |
| Butch Reynolds | 3 | 2 | 1 | 6 | 1987–1995 |
| Carmelita Jeter | 3 | 1 | 3 | 7 | 2007–2013 |
| Fred Kerley | 3 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 2017–2023 |
| Calvin Smith | 3 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 1983–1987 |
| Lauryn Williams | 3 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 2005–2007 |
| Tyson Gay | 3 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 2007–2009 |
| Sydney McLaughlin-Levrone | 3 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 2019–2022 |
| Marion Jones | 3 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 1997–1999 |
| Bershawn Jackson | 3 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 2005–2011 |
| Angelo Taylor | 3 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 2007–2011 |
| Greg Foster | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1983–1991 |
| Dan O'Brien | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1991–1995 |
| John Godina | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1995–2001 |
| Grant Holloway | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 2019–2023 |

## Best placings

Of the 50 events that have been held over the history of the championships, 30 have been won by American athletes (17 men's events and 13 women's events). A further 4 men's and 5 women's events have featured an American medallist at some point. Americans have topped the podium in all sprint and hurdles events, as well as all the men's jumps. By far the weakest events of the United States are men's and women's racewalking and women's throws – only four bronze medals have been won by American athletes in these disciplines, among a total of over 350 medals across events. Americans have featured in the final at some point of every discipline contested at the championships.

This table shows the best place finish by an American athlete by event. Where the best position has been achieved multiple times, the first instance is shown.

| Event | Men's placing | Male athlete | Women's placing | Female athlete |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 100 m |  | Carl Lewis (1983) |  | Gail Devers (1993) |
| 200 m |  | Calvin Smith (1983) |  | Inger Miller (1999) |
| 400 m |  | Antonio Pettigrew (1991) |  | Jearl Miles (1993) |
| 800 m |  | Donavan Brazier (2019) |  | Athing Mu (2022) |
| 1500 m |  | Bernard Lagat (2007) |  | Mary Decker (1983) |
| *3000 m* | *Not contested* | |  | Mary Decker (1983) |
| 5000 m |  | Bernard Lagat (2007) | 6th | Molly Huddle (2013) |
| 10,000 m | 4th | Galen Rupp (2013) |  | Kara Goucher (2007) |
| Marathon |  | Mark Plaatjes (1993) |  | Marianne Dickerson (1983) |
| 110/100 m hurdles |  | Greg Foster (1983) |  | Gail Devers (1993) |
| 400 m hurdles |  | Edwin Moses (1983) |  | Kim Batten (1995) |
| 3000 m s'chase |  | Evan Jager (2017) |  | Emma Coburn (2017) |
| *10 km walk* | *Not contested* | | 15th | Lynn Weik (1987) |
| 20 km walk | 18th | Allen James (1993) | 19th | Debbi Lawrence (2001) |
| 50 km walk |  | Curt Clausen (1999) | 4th | Kathleen Burnett (2017) |
| 4 × 100 m relay |  | United States (1987) |  | United States (1987) |
| 4 × 400 m relay |  | United States (1983) |  | United States (1993) |
| High jump |  | Charles Austin (1991) |  | Brigetta Barrett (2013) |
| Pole vault |  | Brad Walker (2007) |  | Stacy Dragila (1999) |
| Long jump |  | Carl Lewis (1983) |  | Jackie Joyner-Kersee (1987) |
| Triple jump |  | Kenny Harrison (1991) |  | Tori Franklin (2022) |
| Shot put |  | John Godina (1995) |  | Chase Ealey (2022) |
| Discus throw |  | Anthony Washington (1999) |  | Laulauga Tausaga (2023) |
| Javelin throw |  | Tom Petranoff (1983) |  | Kara Winger (2022) |
| Hammer throw | 5th | Lance Deal (1995) |  | DeAnna Price (2019) |
| Decathlon/heptathlon |  | Dan O'Brien (1991) |  | Jackie Joyner-Kersee (1987) |

## Doping

| Year | Athlete | Event | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1991 | Delisa Floyd | Women's 800 m | Semi-finalist |
| 1993 | Mike Stulce | Men's shot put | Stripped of bronze medal |
| 1997 | Antonio Pettigrew | Men's 400 m | 7th individually, stripped of relay gold medal |
| 1999 | Antonio Pettigrew | Men's 400 m | 5th individually, stripped of relay gold medal |
| 1999 | Jerome Young | Men's 400 m | 4th individually, stripped of relay gold medal |
| 2001 | Ramon Clay | Men's 200 m | Quarter-finalist |
| 2001 | Tim Montgomery | Men's 100 m | Stripped of individual silver and relay gold medals |
| 2001 | Antonio Pettigrew | Men's 400 m | 4th individually, stripped of relay gold medal |
| 2001 | Jerome Young | Men's 400 m | Semi-finalist, stripped of relay gold medal |
| 2001 | Marion Jones | Women's 100 m, 200 m | Stripped of 100 m silver, 200 m gold and relay gold medals |
| 2001 | Kelli White | Women's 100 m, 200 m | 7th in 100 m, stripped of 200 m bronze and relay gold medals |
| 2003 | Calvin Harrison | Men's 400 m | 6th individually, stripped of relay gold |
| 2003 | Tim Montgomery | Men's 100 m | 5th in final |
| 2003 | Chris Phillips | Men's 110 m hurdles | 5th in final |
| 2003 | Kevin Toth | Men's shot put | 4th in final |
| 2003 | Jerome Young | Men's 400 m | stripped of individual and relay gold medals |
| 2003 | Regina Jacobs | Women's 1500 m | Semi-finalist |
| 2003 | Melissa Price | Women's hammer throw | 12th in final |
| 2003 | Kelli White | Women's 100 m, 200 m | stripped of 100 m and 200 m gold medals |

## InfoBox

| United States at the
World Athletics Championships | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| WA code | USA |
| National federation | USA Track & Field |
| Website | www.usatf.org/Home.aspx |
| Medals
Ranked 1st | Gold 195 Silver 134 Bronze 114 Total 443 |
| World Athletics Championships appearances (overview) | |
|  | |


abstract: The University of South Florida Contemporary Art Museum is a contemporary art museum at the University of South Florida in Tampa, Florida. It opened at its current location adjacent to the USF College of the Arts in 1989. The museum is accredited by the American Alliance of Museums and is funded by the Florida Department of State, the Florida Arts Council and the Division of Cultural Affairs, the National Endowment for the Arts, the Arts Council of Hillsborough County, the Hillsborough County Board of County Commissioners, and privately. CAM maintains USF's permanent collection of over 5,000 art works. A majority of the collection can be viewed in an online visual database.

text:
# University of South Florida Contemporary Art Museum

The **University of South Florida Contemporary Art Museum** is a contemporary art museum at the University of South Florida in Tampa, Florida. It opened at its current location adjacent to the USF College of the Arts in 1989.

The museum is accredited by the American Alliance of Museums and is funded by the Florida Department of State, the Florida Arts Council and the Division of Cultural Affairs, the National Endowment for the Arts, the Arts Council of Hillsborough County, the Hillsborough County Board of County Commissioners, and privately.

CAM maintains USF's permanent collection of over 5,000 art works. A majority of the collection can be viewed in an online visual database.

1. "About". USF Contemporary Art Museum, Tampa. Retrieved 2020-09-14.
2. "USF Contemporary Art Museum, Tampa | About". *cam.usf.edu*. Retrieved 2023-04-27.
3. "Collections | USF Institute for Research in Art". *usf-collection.rediscoverysoftware.com*. Retrieved 2023-04-27.


abstract: The United States National Mountain Bike Championships are held annually to decide the cycling champions in the mountain biking discipline, across various categories.

text:
# United States National Mountain Bike Championships

The **United States National Mountain Bike Championships** are held annually to decide the cycling champions in the mountain biking discipline, across various categories.

## Men

### Cross-country

| Year | Winner | Second | Third |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1984 | Joe Murray |  |  |
| 1985 | Joe Murray |  |  |
| 1986 | Ned Overend |  |  |
| 1987 | Ned Overend | John Tomac | Mike Kloser |
| 1989 | Ned Overend | Donald Myrah | Rishi Grewal |
| 1990 | Ned Overend |  |  |
| 1991 | Ned Overend |  |  |
| 1992 | Ned Overend |  |  |
| 2002 | Jeremy Horgan-Kobelski |  |  |
| 2003 | Jeremy Horgan-Kobelski |  |  |
| 2004 | Jeremy Horgan-Kobelski | Adam Craig | Carl Decker |
| 2005 | Jeremy Horgan-Kobelski | Todd Wells | Adam Craig |
| 2006 | Ryan Trebon | Barry Wicks | Jeremiah Bishop |
| 2007 | Adam Craig | Jeremiah Bishop | Michael Broderick |
| 2008 | Adam Craig | Ryan Trebon | Jeremy Horgan-Kobelski |
| 2009 | Jeremy Horgan-Kobelski | Adam Craig | Samuel Schultz |
| 2010 | Todd Wells | Jeremy Horgan-Kobelski | Ryan Trebon |
| 2011 | Todd Wells | Samuel Schultz | Adam Craig |
| 2012 | Samuel Schultz | Todd Wells | Jeremy Horgan-Kobelski |
| 2013 | Stephen Ettinger | Todd Wells | Jeremiah Bishop |
| 2014 | Todd Wells | Kerry Werner | Jeremiah Bishop |
| 2015 | Howard Grotts | Keegan Swenson | Alexander Grant |
| 2016 | Howard Grotts | Keegan Swenson | Russell Finsterwald |
| 2017 | Howard Grotts | Stephen Ettinger | Payson McElveen |
| 2018 | Howard Grotts | Luke Vrouwenvelder | Christopher Blevins |
| 2019 | Keegan Swenson | Howard Grotts | Russell Finsterwald |
| 2020 | not contested |  |  |
| 2021 | Keegan Swenson | Stephan Davoust | Luke Vrouwenvelder |
| 2022 | Keegan Swenson | Christopher Blevins | Eric Brunner |
| 2023 | Christopher Blevins | Riley Amos | Lukas Vrouwenvelder |

### Downhill

| Year | Winner | Second | Third |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2003 | Eric Carter |  |  |
| 2004 | Chris Del Bosco | Duncan Riffle | Henry O'Donnell |
| 2007 | Cole Bangert | Luke Strobel | Christopher Herndon |
| 2008 | Geritt Beytagh | Cody Warren | Duncan Riffle |
| 2009 | Aaron Gwin | Duncan Riffle | Cody Warren |
| 2010 | Aaron Gwin | Logan Binggeli | Tyler Immer |
| 2011 | Neko Mulally | Logan Binggeli | Aaron Gwin |
| 2012 | Aaron Gwin | Neko Mulally | Eliot Jackson |
| 2013 | Aaron Gwin | Logan Binggeli | Mitch Ropelato |
| 2014 | Aaron Gwin | Neko Mulally | Mitch Ropelato |
| 2015 | Aaron Gwin | Michael Sylvestri | Luca Shaw |
| 2016 | Aaron Gwin | Mitch Ropelato | Shane Leslie |
| 2017 | Aaron Gwin | Luca Shaw | Charlie Harrison |
| 2018 | Neko Mulally | Charlie Harrison | Luca Shaw |
| 2019 | Neko Mulally | Charlie Harrison | Dakotah Norton |
| 2020 | not contested |  |  |
| 2021 | Dakotah Norton | Luca Shaw | Austin Dooley |
| 2022 | Dakotah Norton | Aaron Gwin | Austin Dooley |
| 2023 | Luca Shaw | Austin Dooley | Dante Silva |

### Marathon

| Year | Winner | Second | Third |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2009 | Jeremy Horgan-Kobelski | Jeremiah Bishop | Jay Henry |
| 2010 | Jeremy Horgan-Kobelski | Samuel Schultz | David Wiens |
| 2011 | Adam Craig | Carl Decker | Samuel Schultz |
| 2012 | Todd Wells | Carl Decker | Adam Craig |
| 2013 | Todd Wells | Stephen Ettinger | Alexander Grant |
| 2014 | Todd Wells | Stephen Ettinger | Howard Grotts |
| 2015 | Todd Wells | Jeremiah Bishop | Keck Baker |
| 2016 | Todd Wells | Jeremiah Bishop | Ryan Woodall |
| 2017 | Payson McElveen | Howard Grotts | Jeremiah Bishop |
| 2018 | Payson McElveen | Howard Grotts | Nicholas Beechan |
| 2019 | Russell Finsterwald | Stephan Davoust | Payson McElveen |
| 2020 | not contested |  |  |
| 2021 | Stephan Davoust | Lukas Vrouwenvelder | Payson McElveen |
| 2022 | Lukas Vrouwenvelder | Stephan Davoust | Carson Beckett |
| 2023 | Cole Paton | Cayden Parker | Carson Beckett |

## Women

### Cross-country

| Year | Winner | Second | Third |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1985 | Jacquie Phelan | Mary Lee Atkins | Cindy Whitehead |
| 1986 | Cindy Whitehead |  |  |
| 1987 | Lisa Muhich | Sara Ballantyne | Cindy Whitehead |
| 1989 | Sara Ballantyne | Lisa Muhich | Susan De Mattei |
| 1999 | Alison Dunlap |  |  |
| 2002 | Alison Dunlap |  |  |
| 2003 | Mary McConneloug |  |  |
| 2004 | Alison Dunlap | Dara Marks-Marino | Susan Haywood |
| 2005 | Mary McConneloug | Alison Dunlap | Willow Koerber |
| 2006 | Georgia Gould | Heather Irmiger | Mary McConneloug |
| 2007 | Mary McConneloug | Georgia Gould | Willow Koerber |
| 2008 | Mary McConneloug | Georgia Gould | Heather Irmiger |
| 2009 | Heather Irmiger | Willow Koerber | Katherine Compton |
| 2010 | Georgia Gould | Heather Irmiger | Willow Koerber |
| 2011 | Georgia Gould | Lea Davison | Katherine Compton |
| 2012 | Georgia Gould | Lea Davison | Heather Irmiger |
| 2013 | Lea Davison | Monique Pua Mata | Mary McConneloug |
| 2014 | Lea Davison | Georgia Gould | Evelyn Dong |
| 2015 | Chloe Woodruff | Erin Huck | Rose Grant |
| 2016 | Erin Huck | Georgia Gould | Chloe Woodruff |
| 2017 | Kate Courtney | Lea Davison | Erin Huck |
| 2018 | Kate Courtney | Erin Huck | Ellen Noble |
| 2019 | Chloe Woodruff | Evelyn Dong | Lea Davison |
| 2020 | not contested |  |  |
| 2021 | Erin Huck | Alexis Skarda | Rose Grant |
| 2022 | Savilia Blunk | Kate Courtney | Gwendalyn Gibson |
| 2023 | Savilia Blunk | Kate Courtney | Gwendalyn Gibson |

### Downhill

| Year | Winner | Second | Third |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2002 | Lisa Sher |  |  |
| 2003 | Marla Streb |  |  |
| 2004 | Marla Streb | Lisa Sher | Melissa Buhl |
| 2007 | Kathleen Pruitt | Melissa Buhl | Marla Streb |
| 2008 | Melissa Buhl | Marla Streb | Dawn Bourque |
| 2009 | Melissa Buhl | Kathleen Pruitt | Lisa Myklak |
| 2010 | Jill Kintner | Jacqueline Harmony | Melissa Buhl |
| 2011 | Jill Kintner | Jacqueline Harmony | Jaime Rees |
| 2012 | Jacqueline Harmony | Melissa Buhl | Jaime Rees |
| 2013 | Jill Kintner | Jacqueline Harmony | Anne Galyean |
| 2014 | Jill Kintner | Abigail Hippely | Amanda Batty |
| 2015 | Jill Kintner | Jacqueline Thomas | Rebecca Gardner |
| 2016 | Jill Kintner | Samantha Kingshill | Jacqueline Thomas |
| 2017 | Jill Kintner | Amanda Batty | Jacqueline Thomas |
| 2018 | Samantha Soriano | Caroline Washam | Jill Kintner |
| 2019 | Jill Kintner | Clare Hamilton | Kialani Hines |
| 2021 | Kailey Skelton | Caroline Washam | Ella Erickson |
| 2022 | Kailey Skelton | Amy Morrison | Mazie Hayden |
| 2023 | Anna Newkirk | Kailey Skelton | Kale Cushman |

### Marathon

| Year | Winner | Second | Third |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2004 | Gretchen Reeves | Melissa Thomas | Monique Pua Mata |
| 2005 | Gretchen Reeves | Monique Pua Mata | Mandy Eakins |
| 2006 | Melissa Thomas | Louise Kobin | Monique Pua Mata |
| 2007 | Shonny Vanlandingham | Monique Pua Mata | Kelley Mattingly |
| 2008 | Sari Anderson | Gretchen Reeves | Jennifer Gersbach |
| 2009 | Heather Irmiger | Monique Pua Mata | Gretchen Reeves |
| 2010 | Heather Irmiger | Amy Dombroski | Krista Park |
| 2011 | Monique Pua Mata | Kelli Emmett | Heather Irmiger |
| 2012 | Monique Pua Mata | Kelli Emmett | Sari Anderson |
| 2013 | Monique Pua Mata | Serena Gordon | Rose Grant |
| 2014 | Rose Grant | Joey Lythgoe | Nina Baum |
| 2015 | Rose Grant | Cheryl Sornson | Ally Stacher |
| 2016 | Rose Grant | Kaitlyn Patterson | Lisa Randall |
| 2017 | Rose Grant | Crystal Anthony | Amy Beisel |
| 2018 | Amy Beisel | Kaysee Armstrong | Larissa Connors |
| 2019 | Rose Grant | Kaysee Armstrong | Crystal Anthony |
| 2020 | not contested |  |  |
| 2021 | Alexis Skarda | Rose Grant | Lea Davison |
| 2022 | Erin Huck | Deanna Mayles | Lea Davison |
| 2023 | Alexis Skarda | Deanna Mayles | Hannah Otto |

## InfoBox

United States National Mountain Bike Championships
| The champion's jersey | |
| --- | --- |
| Race details | |
| Region | United States |
| Discipline | Mountain biking |
| Type | National championship |
| Organiser | USA Cycling |
| History | |
| First edition | 1984 (1984) |


title: University of Houston–Downtown

abstract: The University of Houston–Downtown (UHD) is a public university in Houston, Texas. Established in 1974 as University of Houston–Downtown College (UH–DC), it has a campus that spans 40 acres (0.16 km⁲) in Downtown Houston with a satellite location, UHD–Northwest, inside Lone Star College–University Park. The university is one of four institutions in the University of Houston System. As of Fall 2023, UHD enrolled 14,105 students in 4 academic colleges and offers 57 degree programs—45 bachelor's and 12 master's. Awarding more than 2,700 degrees annually, the university has more than 67,000 alumni.

text:
# University of Houston–Downtown

The **University of Houston–Downtown** (**UHD**) is a public university in Houston, Texas. Established in 1974 as **University of Houston–Downtown College** (**UH–DC**), it has a campus that spans 40 acres (0.16 km2) in Downtown Houston with a satellite location, UHD–Northwest, inside Lone Star College–University Park. The university is one of four institutions in the University of Houston System.

As of Fall 2023, UHD enrolled 14,105 students in 4 academic colleges and offers 57 degree programs—45 bachelor's and 12 master's. Awarding more than 2,700 degrees annually, the university has more than 67,000 alumni.

## History

The University of Houston–Downtown College was established when the University of Houston acquired the assets of South Texas Junior College at One Main Street on August 6, 1974. On April 26, 1983, Senate Bill 235 (SB 235) changed name of the institution to the University of Houston–Downtown.

The University of Houston–Downtown's expansion and physical growth continued in the late 1990s. The Willow Street Pump Station was renovated, and the Commerce Street Building opened, providing a new home for the College of Public Service. In the early 2000s, the Shea Street Building opened as the new home for the College of Business.

UHD celebrated a milestone when it enrolled the first class of MBA students in the College of Business. In 2016, a 26,000-square-foot Welcome Center opened its doors, and the O'Kane Gallery landed a new home featuring exhibitions for student, faculty, and local and national artists. Dedicated to the health and wellness of the Campus Community, the Wellness & Success Center opens its doors in January 2023.

## Campus

University of Houston–DowntownAcademic Building on Travis StreetOne Main Building (formerly Merchants and Manufacturers Building)

The UHD campus consists of eight buildings at the north end of Downtown Houston and the south end of Northside, next to the crossing of Interstate 10 and Main Street. The university is located near the site where Houston was founded, Allen's Landing. Two of the university's buildings—One Main Building (formerly the Merchants and Manufacturers Building) and the Willow Street Pump Station—are listed in the National Register of Historic Places. UHD also offers classes online at three campuses: UHD-Northwest, Lone Star College Kingwood, and Lone Star College CyFair.

In 2020, UHD opened the College of Sciences and Technology building. The new Wellness & Success Center opened its doors on January 17, 2023.

The university is home to the Harry W. O'Kane Gallery (commonly known as the O'Kane Gallery, which was established in 1970 by gifts from Harry W. O'Kane, Mary W. Bingman, and the Humphreys Foundation. The O'Kane Gallery presents five to six exhibitions that meet the diverse interests of UHD students, faculty, staff, alumni, and campus visitors. Exhibitions in all media provide educational support to various university courses and to nearby schools. The Gallery also functions as a site for university forums, meetings, and receptions. Exhibitions are free and open to the public.

The university once maintained a student dormitory in the former Continental Houston Hotel, located south of the Buffalo Bayou, from 1982 to August 1991; the facility began its use as a hotel in 1961. The students were forced to leave the dormitory the month it closed, and the facility was demolished in 1993. UHD decided to raze the building because the university deemed it more cost effective to do so instead of renovating the facility. The demolition expenses totaled $700,000 while the renovation would have been $8,000,000. Initially the area was to be used for parking cars while a student center was to be later established there.

The UHD campus is served by METRORail's UH–Downtown station on the Red Line.

## Organization and administration

### Governance

The University of Houston–Downtown is one of four institutions in the University of Houston System. The institution is separately accredited, offers its own academic programs and confers its own degrees, and has its own administration. The organization and control of the University of Houston–Downtown is vested in the Board of Regents of the University of Houston System. The board has all the rights, powers, and duties that it has with respect to the organization and control of other institutions in the system; however, UHD is maintained as a separate and distinct institution.

### Administration

The president is the chief executive officer of the University of Houston–Downtown, and the position reports to the chancellor of the University of Houston System. The president is appointed by the UHS chancellor and confirmed by the Board of Regents of the University of Houston System. Since March 2021, the president of the university is Loren J. Blanchard. The UHD administration is located on the ninth floor in the One Main Building.

* William I. Dykes (interim), 1974–1975
* J. Don Boney, 1975–1979
* Alexander F. Schilt, 1980–1987
* Manuel T. Pacheco, 1987–1991
* George W. Magner (interim), 1991–1992
* Max Castillo, 1992–2009
* William V. Flores, 2009–2016
* Michael A. Olivas (interim), 2016–2017
* Juan Sánchez Muñoz, 2017–2020
* Antonio D. Tillis (interim), 2020–March 2021
* Loren J. Blanchard, March 2021–present

## Academics

| Academic rankings | |
| --- | --- |
| Master's | |
| *Washington Monthly* | 92 |
| Regional | |
| *U.S. News & World Report* | 62 (tie) |
| National | |
| *Forbes* | 495 |

The University of Houston–Downtown is primarily an undergraduate institution and has four academic colleges:

### Admissions

The University of Houston–Downtown was the final state university in Texas that had not yet abolished open admissions. The University of Houston System Board of Regents unanimously approved new admissions standards in February 2012, with closed admissions for UHD in the fall of 2013.

## Student life

Although UHD does not have an intercollegiate varsity athletics program, it does offer its students a number of club sports and intramural sports in addition to numerous fitness programs. UHD's club sports teams are known as the Gators. The UHD mascot is known as Ed-U-Gator.

The university and its community offer additional activities for students such as clubs, organizations, fraternities, and sororities. Their student newspaper is *The Dateline Downtown*.

## Notable alumni

## InfoBox

University of Houston–Downtown
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Former name | University of Houston–Downtown College (1974–1983) |
| Type | Public university |
| Established | August 6, 1974 (1974-08-06) |
| Parent institution | University of Houston System |
| Accreditation | SACS |
| Academic affiliations | CUMU |
| Endowment | $45.01 million (2023)
(UHD only)
$1.02 billion (2023)
(system-wide) |
| Budget | $224.4 million (FY2024) |
| President | Loren J. Blanchard |
| Provost | Deborah E. Bordelon |
| Academic staff | 760 (Fall 2023) |
| Administrative staff | 709 (Fall 2023) |
| Students | 14,105 (Fall 2023) |
| Undergraduates | 12,880 (Fall 2023) |
| Postgraduates | 1,225 (Fall 2023) |
| Location | Houston, Texas, United States
29°45′57″N 95°21′35″W / 29.765931°N 95.359684°W / 29.765931; -95.359684 |
| Campus | Large city, 40 acres (0.16 km2) |
| Colors | Blue and Red
 |
| Nickname | Gators |
| Mascot | Ed-U-Gator |
| Website | uhd.edu |
|  | |