title: Theopoetics

abstract: Theopoetics in its modern context is an interdisciplinary field of study that combines elements of poetic analysis, process theology, narrative theology, and postmodern philosophy. Originally developed by Stanley Hopper and David Leroy Miller in the 1960s and furthered significantly by Amos Wilder with his 1976 text, Theopoetic: Theology and the Religious Imagination. In recent times there has been a revitalized interest with new work being done by two schools of thought in theopoetics. One school values process theology and postmodern philosophy. It is led by individuals such as L. Callid Keefe-Perry, Rubem Alves, Catherine Keller, John Caputo, Peter Rollins, Scott Holland, Melanie May, Matt Guynn, Roland Faber, and others. The other school of thought values the philosophical transcendentals as informed by classical theology. It is led by individuals such as Anne M. Carpenter of St. Mary’s College, California, and Richard Viladesau of Fordham University, with contributions from Brian Nixon of Veritas International University. This school of theo-poetics is influenced by the thought of Hans Urs von Balthasar as informed by a range of thinkers as divergent as Gregory of Nyssa, Thomas Aquinas, Maximus the Confessor, Dietrich Richard Alfred von Hildebrand, David Bentely Hart and Pavel Florensky.

text:
# Theopoetics

**Theopoetics** in its modern context is an interdisciplinary field of study that combines elements of poetic analysis, process theology, narrative theology, and postmodern philosophy. Originally developed by Stanley Hopper and David Leroy Miller in the 1960s and furthered significantly by Amos Wilder with his 1976 text, *Theopoetic: Theology and the Religious Imagination.*

In recent times there has been a revitalized interest with new work being done by two schools of thought in theopoetics.

One school values process theology and postmodern philosophy. It is led by individuals such as L. Callid Keefe-Perry, Rubem Alves, Catherine Keller, John Caputo, Peter Rollins, Scott Holland, Melanie May, Matt Guynn, Roland Faber, and others.

The other school of thought values the philosophical transcendentals as informed by classical theology. It is led by individuals such as Anne M. Carpenter of St. Mary’s College, California, and Richard Viladesau of Fordham University, with contributions from Brian Nixon of Veritas International University. This school of theo-poetics is influenced by the thought of Hans Urs von Balthasar as informed by a range of thinkers as divergent as Gregory of Nyssa, Thomas Aquinas, Maximus the Confessor, Dietrich Richard Alfred von Hildebrand, David Bentely Hart and Pavel Florensky.

## Description

**Postmodern Theopoetics**

The first school of theopoetics suggests that instead of trying to develop a "scientific" theory of God, as systematic theology attempts, theologians should instead try to find God through poetic articulations of their lived ("embodied") experiences. It asks theologians to accept reality as a legitimate source of divine revelation and suggests that both the divine and the real are mysterious — that is, irreducible to literalist dogmas or scientific proofs.

Theopoetics makes significant use of "radical" and "ontological" metaphor to create a more fluid and less stringent referent for the divine. One of the functions of theopoetics is to recalibrate theological perspectives, suggesting that theology can be more akin to poetry than physics. It belies the logical assertion of the principle of bivalence and stands in contrast to some rigid Biblical hermeneutics that suggest that each passage of scripture has only one, usually teleological, interpretation. The dismissal of the aesthetic as a living part of language has turned the academic enterprise of biblical studies and theology into a language more at home with lawyers than poets. Theopoetics is the art of using words and thoughts that speak to the reader in an aesthetic and existential way to inspire spirituality in the reader.

Whereas those who utilize a strict, historical-grammatical approach believe scripture and theology possess inerrant factual meaning and pay attention to historicity, a theopoetic approach takes an allegorical position on faith statements that can be continuously reinterpreted. Theopoetics suggest that just as a poem can take on new meaning depending on the context in which the reader interprets it, texts and experiences of the Divine can and should take on new meaning depending on the changing situation of the individual.

**Classical Theopoetics**

In the second school of theopoetics, the aim is drawn “from von Balthasar’s affirmation of poetic expression: when God speaks to us in the Incarnation, all qualities of human language—even being itself—are employed as created ‘grammar’ by which God expresses himself to us…With God at the center of expression, poetry becomes capable of an authentic role in theological language.”

This form of theo-poetics “requires the interplay of three massive fields of knowledge: metaphysics, language, and Christology and is to be “sharply distinguished from the agnostic overtures of the ‘theo-poetics’ movement, whose lineage is not be found in the thought of Balthasar.”

The mythopoetics of the Oxford Inklings (C.S. Lewis, JRR Tolkien, Owen Barfield, Charles Williams, among others) would also be an example of classical theopoetics. Charles Williams gave the name "Romantic Theology" to his project of establishing a subclass of theology at the intersection of imaginative, specifically romantic, literature and classical theology; however this subclass of theology is focused on romantic love between a couple as a way of loving God. C.S. Lewis fits poetry into a broader understanding of theology in his essay "Is Theology Poetry?" Others have called it Christian Romanticism, Mythopoetics or Theopoetics. Northwind Seminary offers a doctoral degree program in the Romantic Theology of the Oxford Inklings. \[www.NorthwindSeminary.edu\]

## Notable publications

### Books

* Ricoeur, Paul (1976), *Interpretation Theory: Discourse and the Surplus of Meaning*, Fort Worth: Texas Christian Press, ISBN 0-912646-59-4.
* Wilder, Amos Niven (1976), *Theopoetic: Theology and the Religious Imagination*, Philadelphia: Fortress, ISBN 0-7880-9908-6.
* Alves, Rubem (2002), *The Poet The Warrior The Prophet*, SCM Press, ISBN 978-0-334-02896-3.
* Carpenter, Anne (2015). Theo-poetics : Hans Urs von Balthasar and the risk of art and being. University of Notre Dame Press. ISBN 978-0-268-07706-8. OCLC 927188404.
* Cruz-Villalobos, Luis (2015). Theological Poetry. Foreword by John D. Caputo. Santiago de Chile: Hebel Ediciones
* Cruz-Villalobos, Luis (2019). Wise Crimes. Santiago de Chile: Hebel Ediciones
* Cruz-Villalobos, Luis (2019). Haikus al Cielo. Santiago de Chile: Hebel Ediciones
* Cruz-Villalobos, Luis (2020). Pauper God. Theographies. Santiago de Chile: Independently Poetry
* Cruz-Villalobos, Luis (2020). Poesía Teológica. Prólogo de John D. Caputo. 2da Ed. Santiago de Chile: Independently Poetry
* Cruz-Villalobos, Luis & Lagunas, Samuel (2020). Plegarias Sórdidas. Santiago de Chile: Independently Poetry.
* Hopper, Stanley Romaine; Keiser, R Melvin (1992), Stoneburner, Tony (ed.), *The Way of Transfiguration: Religious Imagination As Theopoiesis*, Westminster John Knox Press, ISBN 0-664-21936-5.
* Faber, Roland (2003), *Gott als Poet der Welt: Anliegen und Perspektiven der Prozesstheologie* \[*God as Poet of the World: Concerns and Perspectives in Process Theology*\] (in German), Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, ISBN 3-534-15864-4.
* Gundy, Jeff. *Songs From an Empty Cage: Poetry, Mystery, Anabaptism, and Peace*, USA: Cascadia Publishing House, ISBN 9781931038973
* Miller, David L (2006), *Hells and Holy Ghosts: A Theopoetics of Christian Belief*, USA: Spring Journal Books, ISBN 1-882670-97-3.
* Miller, David L (2005), *Three Faces of God: Traces of the Trinity in Literature & Life*, USA: Spring Journal Books, ISBN 1-882670-94-9.
* May, Melanie A (1995), *A Body Knows: A Theopoetics of Death and Resurrection*, Continuum International Publishing, ISBN 0-8264-0849-4
* Nixon, Brian C. (2021). *Beauty (and the Banana): A Theopoetic Aesthetic*. Wipf & Stock, ISBN 978-1-7252-8532-3
* Keller, Catherine (2003), *The Face of the Deep: A Theology of Becoming*, Routledge, ISBN 0-415-25649-6
* Bronsink, Troy (2013), *Drawn In: A Creative Process For Artists, Activists, and Jesus Followers*, Paraclete, ISBN 1557258716
* Harrity, Dave (2013), *Making Manifest: On Faith, Creativity, and the Kingdom at Hand,* Seedbed, ISBN 1628240229
* Keefe-Perry, L. Callid (2014), *Way to Water: A Theopoetics Primer*, Cascade, ISBN 978-1625645203
* Garner, Phillip Michael (2017), Theopoetics: Spiritual Poetry for Contemplative Theology and Daily Living, Wipf and Stock, ISBN 9781498243742
* Tagore, Rabindranath (1913/2019). Gitanjali: Song Offering. Santiago de Chile: Independently Poetry


title: Theodoros Skylakakis

abstract: Theodoros Skilakakis is a greek politician who served as Alternate Minister for Fiscal Policy of the Hellenic Republic in the government of Kyriakos Mitsotakis from 2020 to 2023, where he holds the portfolio of Government Expenditure. He is also a former Greek MEP, member of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe and Chairman of the Central Committee of the party Drassi.

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# Theodoros Skylakakis

**Theodoros Skilakakis** (born October 18, 1959) is a greek politician who served as Alternate Minister for Fiscal Policy of the Hellenic Republic in the government of Kyriakos Mitsotakis from 2020 to 2023, where he holds the portfolio of Government Expenditure. He is also a former Greek MEP, member of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe and Chairman of the Central Committee of the party Drassi.

## Biography

Skilakis was born in Athens in 1959.

In 1981 he graduated with honors from the Economics Department of the University of Athens and holds a master's degree (MBA) from City University of London and a diploma from the British Market Research Society Market Research. From 1983 to 1985 he served his military service in the Navy.

He has worked in the advertising and communications since 1985 and founded two companies in the communications (1994 and 2000), one consulting company (2014) and one agricultural (2015). He is married to lawyer Helen Papapanou and they have two daughters, Marianna and Irene.

## Ancestors

Skylakakis' grandfather, Theodoros Skylakakis, was an interior minister in the cabinet of dictator Metaxas between May and December of 1936.

## Political career

In 1989, he served as Advisor to the Prime Minister Tzani Tzannetaki and from 1989 to 1990 as Advisor to the Minister of National Defense. From 1990 to 1993 he served as Advisor to the Prime Minister Constantine Mitsotakis and Head of the Office of Planning and Communication of the Prime Minister. From 1997 to 1998, he was a member of the Policy Planning Secretariat of the New Republic. In the national elections of 2000, he was a parliamentary candidate in the Second Athens.

Municipal Councilor of Athens, he was elected by combining "Athens Tomorrow" led by Dora Bakoyannis and coordinator of the preparation of the combination. From 2003 to 2006 he was Deputy Mayor of Athens, Deputy Mayor for Finance, Deputy Mayor of Municipal Police, Chairman of the Municipal Committee and Mayor Head of the "façade" of Athens. In 2003-2004, he was responsible for the preparation of Athens for the Olympics, during which it was appointed Deputy City Manager. During the tenure of the Municipality of Athens served as Chairman of the Organisation of Tourism and Economic Development Company in 2005-2006 and President of the Coordinating Committee for Intellectual Property Issues in Greece.

On September 21, 2010, was deleted from the New Democracy, as he expressed opposition to the official party line regarding the Memorandum. In November of the same year became a founding member of the Democratic Alliance, of which resigned on 21 May 2012, disagreeing with the electoral party collaboration with New Democracy.

In November 2012 he joined the party Drassi. On June 1, 2013, was elected the third president of Drassi, with 70 votes, succeeding Antypas Karipoglou.

## InfoBox

| Theodoros Skylakakis | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Alternate Minister for Fiscal Policy | |
| **In office**
August 4, 2020  26 May 2023 | |
| Finance State Secretary | |
| **In office**
July 9, 2019  August 4, 2020 | |
| Member of the European Parliament | |
| **In office**
July 14, 2009  July 1, 2014 | |
| Minister of Environment and Energy | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
27 June 2023 | |
| Preceded by | Pantelis Kapros |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1959-10-18) October 18, 1959
Athens, Greece |
| Political party | New Democracy (before 2010, 2019–present)
Democratic Alliance (2010–2012)
Drassi (2012–2019) |
| Spouse | Helen Papapanou |
| Children | 2 daughters, *Marianna and Irene* |
| Residence(s) | Athens, Greece |
| Website | skylakakis.gr/ |
|  | |


title: Thermopile

abstract: A thermopile is an electronic device that converts thermal energy into electrical energy. It is composed of several thermocouples connected usually in series or, less commonly, in parallel. Such a device works on the principle of the thermoelectric effect, i.e., generating a voltage when its dissimilar metals (thermocouples) are exposed to a temperature difference.

text:
# Thermopile

A **thermopile** is an electronic device that converts thermal energy into electrical energy. It is composed of several thermocouples connected usually in series or, less commonly, in parallel. Such a device works on the principle of the thermoelectric effect, i.e., generating a voltage when its dissimilar metals (thermocouples) are exposed to a temperature difference.

## Operation

Thermocouples operate by measuring the temperature differential from their junction point to the point in which the thermocouple output voltage is measured. Once a closed circuit is made up of more than one metal and there is a difference in temperature between junctions and points of transition from one metal to another, a current is produced as if generated by a difference of potential between the hot and cold junction.

Thermocouples can be connected in series as thermocouple pairs with a junction located on either side of a thermal resistance layer. The output from the thermocouple pair will be a voltage directly proportional to the temperature difference across the thermal resistance layer and also to the heat flux through the thermal resistance layer. Adding more thermocouple pairs in series increases the magnitude of the voltage output.

Thermopiles can be constructed with a single thermocouple pair, composed of two thermocouple junctions, or multiple thermocouple pairs.

Thermopiles do not respond to absolute temperature, but generate an output voltage proportional to a local temperature difference or temperature gradient. The amount of voltage and power are very small and they are measured in milli-watts and milli-volts using controlled devices that are specifically designed for such purpose.

## Applications

Thermopiles are used to provide an output in response to temperature as part of a temperature measuring device, such as the infrared thermometers widely used by medical professionals to measure body temperature, or in thermal accelerometers to measure the temperature profile inside the sealed cavity of the sensor. They are also used widely in heat flux sensors and pyrheliometers and gas burner safety controls. The output of a thermopile is usually in the range of tens or hundreds of millivolts. As well as increasing the signal level, the device may be used to provide spatial temperature averaging.

Thermopiles are also used to generate electrical energy from, for instance, heat from electrical components, solar wind, radioactive materials, laser radiation or combustion. The process is also an example of the Peltier effect (electric current transferring heat energy) as the process transfers heat from the hot to the cold junctions.

There are also the so-called thermopile sensors, which are power meters based on the principle that the optical or laser power is converted to heat and the resulting increase in temperature is measured by a thermopile.

* Seebeck effect, the physical effect responsible for the generation of voltage in a thermopile
* Thermoelectric materials, high-performance materials that can be used to construct a compact thermopile that delivers high power


title: Thermophotonics

abstract: Thermophotonics is a concept for generating usable power from heat which shares some features of thermophotovoltaic (TPV) power generation. Thermophotonics was first publicly proposed by solar photovoltaic researcher Martin Green in 2000. However, no TPX device is known to have been demonstrated to date, apparently because of the stringent requirement on the emitter efficiency. A TPX system consists of a light-emitting diode (LED), a photovoltaic (PV) cell, an optical coupling between the two, and an electronic control circuit. The LED is heated to a temperature higher than the PV temperature by an external heat source. If no power is applied to the LED, the system functions much like a very inefficient TPV system, but if a forward bias is applied at some fraction of the bandgap potential, an increased number of electron-hole pairs (EHPs) will be thermally excited to the bandgap energy. These EHPs can then recombine radiatively so that the LED emits light at a rate higher than the thermal radiation rate. This light is then delivered to the cooler PV cell over the optical coupling and converted to electricity. The control circuit presents a load to the PV cell and converts this voltage to a voltage level that can be used to sustain the bias of the emitter. Provided that the conversion efficiencies of electricity to light and light to electricity are sufficiently high, the power harnessed from the PV cell can exceed the power going into the bias circuit, and this small fraction of excess power can be utilized. It is thus in some sense a photonic heat engine. Possible applications of thermophotonic generators include solar thermal electricity generation and utilization of waste heat. TPX systems may have the potential to generate power with useful levels of output at temperatures where only thermoelectric systems are now practical, but with higher efficiency. A patent application for a thermophotonic generator using a vacuum gap with thickness on the order of a micrometer or less was published by the US Patent Office in 2009 and assigned to MTPV Corporation of Austin, Texas, USA. This proposed variant of the technology allows better thermal insulation because of the gap between the hot emitter and cold receiver, while maintaining relatively good optical coupling between them due to the gap's being small relative to the optical wavelength.

text:
# Thermophotonics

**Thermophotonics** (often abbreviated as **TPX**) is a concept for generating usable power from heat which shares some features of thermophotovoltaic (TPV) power generation. *Thermophotonics* was first publicly proposed by solar photovoltaic researcher Martin Green in 2000. However, no TPX device is known to have been demonstrated to date, apparently because of the stringent requirement on the emitter efficiency.

A TPX system consists of a light-emitting diode (LED) (though other types of emitters are conceivable), a photovoltaic (PV) cell, an optical coupling between the two, and an electronic control circuit. The LED is heated to a temperature higher than the PV temperature by an external heat source. If no power is applied to the LED, the system functions much like a very inefficient TPV system, but if a forward bias is applied at some fraction of the bandgap potential, an increased number of electron-hole pairs (EHPs) will be thermally excited to the bandgap energy. These EHPs can then recombine radiatively so that the LED emits light at a rate higher than the thermal radiation rate ("superthermal" emission). This light is then delivered to the cooler PV cell over the optical coupling and converted to electricity.

The control circuit presents a load to the PV cell (presumably at the maximum power point) and converts this voltage to a voltage level that can be used to sustain the bias of the emitter. Provided that the conversion efficiencies of electricity to light and light to electricity are sufficiently high, the power harnessed from the PV cell can exceed the power going into the bias circuit, and this small fraction of excess power (originating from the heat difference) can be utilized. It is thus in some sense a photonic heat engine.

Possible applications of thermophotonic generators include solar thermal electricity generation and utilization of waste heat. TPX systems may have the potential to generate power with useful levels of output at temperatures where only thermoelectric systems are now practical, but with higher efficiency.

A patent application for a thermophotonic generator using a vacuum gap with thickness on the order of a micrometer or less was published by the US Patent Office in 2009 and assigned to MTPV Corporation of Austin, Texas, USA. This proposed variant of the technology allows better thermal insulation because of the gap between the hot emitter and cold receiver, while maintaining relatively good optical coupling between them due to the gap's being small relative to the optical wavelength.

* US Patent Application No. 20090188549 Method of and apparatus for improved thermophotonic generation of electricity
* Green, Martin A. (May 2000). "Third Generation Photovoltaics: Advanced Structures Capable of High Efficiency at Low Cost". *Proceedings of the 16th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference*. Glasgow, Scotland. p. 51.

* Tobias, I.; A. Luque (2002). "Ideal efficiency and potential of solar thermophotonic converters under optically and thermally concentrated power flux". *IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices*. **49** (11). IEEE: 2024–2030. Bibcode:2002ITED...49.2024T. doi:10.1109/TED.2002.804731.


title: Thialdine

abstract: Thialdine is a basic heterocyclic chemical compound with the molecular formula C6H13NS2.

text:
# Thialdine

**Thialdine** is a basic heterocyclic chemical compound with the molecular formula C6H13NS2.

## Preparation

Thialdine was first synthesized by Justus von Liebig and Friedrich Wöhler in 1847 by passing hydrogen sulfide through a solution of acetaldehyde ammonia trimer, with thialdine crystallizing from the solution.

Acetaldehyde ammonia trimer is the cyclic trimer formed in the condensation reaction of acetaldehyde with ammonia:

3 CH3CHO + 3 NH3 → (CH3CHNH)3 \+ 3 H2O

The aldehyde ammonia does not need to be isolated as an intermediate.

The configuration of the three methyl groups in thialdine can differ, so that multiple *cis*-*trans* isomers are possible. However, X-ray diffraction has shown that in practice thialdine occurs in the all-*cis* configuration.

## Uses

Thialdine is used as a flavoring agent in foods. It is included in the list of flavoring substances authorized in the European Union and is considered generally recognized as safe (GRAS) in the United States. The FEMA number of thialdine is 4018. Thialdine has a roasted meat smell and is therefore used as a flavoring in meat.

Salts of thialdine have been used as an antioxidant additive in lubricating oils.

Thialdine and similar compounds have been proposed as rubber vulcanization accelerators.

## InfoBox

Thialdine
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Names | |
| IUPAC name 2,4,6-Trimethyl-1,3,5-dithiazinane | |
| Other names Dihydro-2,4,6-trimethyl-4*H*-1,3,5-dithiazine | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number |  |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| ChEBI |  |
| ChemSpider |  |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.010.295 |
| EC Number | * 211-323-3 |
| PubChem CID |  |
| UNII |  |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |  |
| InChI * InChI=1S/C6H13NS2/c1-4-7-5(2)9-6(3)8-4/h4-7H,1-3H3Key: FBMVFHKKLDGLJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |
| SMILES * CC1NC(SC(S1)C)C * (all-*cis*): C\[C@H\]1N\[C@@H\](C)S\[C@@H\](C)S1 | |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C6H13NS2 |
| Molar mass | 163.30 g·mol−1 |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C \[77 °F\], 100 kPa).  Infobox references | |


title: Theodore J. Smayda

abstract: Theodore J. Smayda was an American oceanographer. He was born in Peckville, Pennsylvania. He was employed at the University of Rhode Island in 1959. He later won a Fulbright Scholarship to travel to Norway and study at the University of Oslo, where he took the dr.philos. degree. His defense of his doctoral thesis took place in the Norwegian language. The thesis regarded phytoplankton in the Panama Gulf; the opponents were Trygve Braarud and Odd Henrik Sælen. Following his stay in Norway, Smayda returned to the University of Rhode Island where he served as a professor of oceanography throughout his career. He was a fellow of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters from 1992. Limnology & Oceanography found his article "Harmful algal blooms: Their ecophysiology and general relevance to phytoplankton blooms in the sea" to be one of the top 60 most cited between 1956 and 2016. He was married and resided in Jamestown, Rhode Island. He died in April 2017 at the age of 85.

text:
# Theodore J. Smayda

**Theodore J. Smayda** (1931 – April 5, 2017) was an American oceanographer.

He was born in Peckville, Pennsylvania. He was employed at the University of Rhode Island in 1959. He later won a Fulbright Scholarship to travel to Norway and study at the University of Oslo, where he took the dr.philos. degree. His defense of his doctoral thesis took place in the Norwegian language. The thesis regarded phytoplankton in the Panama Gulf; the opponents were Trygve Braarud and Odd Henrik Sælen. Following his stay in Norway, Smayda returned to the University of Rhode Island where he served as a professor of oceanography throughout his career.

He was a fellow of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters from 1992. *Limnology & Oceanography* found his article "Harmful algal blooms: Their ecophysiology and general relevance to phytoplankton blooms in the sea" to be one of the top 60 most cited between 1956 and 2016.

He was married and resided in Jamestown, Rhode Island. He died in April 2017 at the age of 85.


title: Crochet thread

abstract: Crochet thread is specially formulated thread usually made from mercerized cotton for crafting decorative crochet items such as doilies or filet crochet. Crochet thread produces fabric of fine gauge that may be stiffened with starch.

text:
# Crochet thread

**Crochet thread** is specially formulated thread usually made from mercerized cotton for crafting decorative crochet items such as doilies or filet crochet. Crochet thread produces fabric of fine gauge that may be stiffened with starch.

## Differences between yarn and sewing thread

Crochet thread is almost always produced from cotton and has a denser pile and smaller diameter than ordinary yarn. Most crochet threads are thicker in diameter than sewing thread. Crochet thread can withstand considerable stresses from pulls with sharp hooks.

Crochet manufacturing conventions treat thread and yarn quite differently: manufacturers designate different sizing scales for thread and yarn. Thread is generally packaged on spools instead of skeins or hanks and is offered for sale in a separate section from ordinary yarns or threads. Crochet hooks for use with thread are also sized according to a different scale from yarn hooks. Thread hooks are also manufactured differently from yarn hooks: modern yarn hooks are usually aluminum or plastic, while thread hooks are made of steel and have smaller hook heads and shorter shanks.

The division between yarn and thread is somewhat arbitrary: crochet thread at its thickest is similar in diameter and behavior to fine cotton yarn. The largest sizes of thread crochet hooks overlap with the smallest sizes of yarn crochet hooks.

## Sizing

Crochet thread comes in sizes from 3 to 100, although historically it came in much finer sizes, down to 200. Diameter is inversely proportional to number, so size 3 is nearly as thick as yarn and size 100 is as fine as sewing thread. Thread may also be categorized by number of plies and size 10 thread is known as *bedspread weight*. Smaller sizes (40 and up) are often used for tatting jewelry and fine lace.

* Edie Eckman, *The Crochet Answer Book*, North Adams, Massachesetts: Storey Publishing, 2005.


title: Think Again

abstract: THINK AGAIN is an artist-activist collaborative founded in 1997 by David John Attyah and S. A. Bachman. THINK AGAIN expects something political from art and uses images to challenge indifference. The collaborative views cultural work as essential to affecting social change and engaging people in the political process. Their work — mobile billboards, outdoor projections, guerilla interventions, digital murals, and viral poster campaigns — links the global to the local and combines cultural theory, sociological research, and activism to create a visual language for activating civic dialogue. The projects of THINK AGAIN explore a unique range of issues including queer liberation, economic inequality, the ways capitalist culture conspires to jeopardize the outnumbered, undocumented labor and the treatment of immigrants, racism, militarization, gentrification and displacement, and gender parity. Many of THINK AGAIN's projects privilege face-to-face interactions. Attyah and Bachman hand out postcards at Pride parades, park mobile billboards in front of City Halls and grocery stores, and distribute posters to activists mobilizing against injustice. As part of its mission, the collaborative dispenses all of its printed matter free-of-charge through grassroots community organizations, art spaces, unions, academic institutions, and the internet. The early projects of THINK AGAIN are documented in the monograph, A Brief History of Outrage. Documentation of the collaborative's work can be found at HOME S.A. Bachman and David John Attyah

text:
# Think Again

**THINK AGAIN** is an artist-activist collaborative founded in 1997 by David John Attyah (b. Los Angeles, CA) and S. A. Bachman (b. Columbus, OH). THINK AGAIN expects something political from art and uses images to challenge indifference. The collaborative views cultural work as essential to affecting social change and engaging people in the political process. Their work — mobile billboards, outdoor projections, guerilla interventions, digital murals, and viral poster campaigns — links the global to the local and combines cultural theory, sociological research, and activism to create a visual language for activating civic dialogue. The projects of THINK AGAIN explore a unique range of issues including queer liberation, economic inequality, the ways capitalist culture conspires to jeopardize the outnumbered, undocumented labor and the treatment of immigrants, racism, militarization, gentrification and displacement, and gender parity.

Many of THINK AGAIN's projects privilege face-to-face interactions. Attyah and Bachman hand out postcards at Pride parades, park mobile billboards in front of City Halls and grocery stores, and distribute posters to activists mobilizing against injustice. As part of its mission, the collaborative dispenses all of its printed matter free-of-charge through grassroots community organizations, art spaces, unions, academic institutions, and the internet. The early projects of THINK AGAIN are documented in the monograph, *A Brief History of Outrage.* Documentation of the collaborative's work can be found at HOME S.A. Bachman and David John Attyah

## Exhibitions and awards

THINK AGAIN exhibitions include:

"Actions Speak," Worcester Museum of Art, Worcester, MA

"Antagonisms," Museu d´Art Contemporani de Barcelona, Spain

"The Anti-War Show: US Interventions From Korea to Iraq," Track 16 Gallery, Los Angeles, CA

"Reactions," Exit Art, New York City, NY

"The Culture of Class: Issues of Class in North American Culture," Maryland Institute College of Art

"Not for Profit," Loyola Marymount University Art Museum

"Democracy in America," Arizona State University Art Museum

"A Brief History of Outrage," 16:1 Gallery, Los Angeles, CA

"New Season," Museum of New Art, Detroit, MI

They have received awards from the Massachusetts Cultural Council, LEF Foundation, Tanne Foundation and The Funding Exchange/Outfund.

### Projects

* **Actions Speak** (2008-2010) is a multi-media project examining political brutality and public policy, and reconsiders social problems like HIV/AIDS and violence against women. The project features a 17 x 67 foot interior wall mural and a concurrent outdoor projection. Debuting the week before the 2008 Presidential Election, *Actions Speak* promotes dialogue between art and public response, between global reality and local action. Commissioned by the Worcester Art Museum.
* **The NAFTA Effect** (2006-2007) is a series of public projections in Los Angeles and Boston addressing how free trade reshapes the lives of people on both sides of the United States–Mexico border.
* **Hola/Hello** (2002 and 2006) includes postcards and installations that link the rape, sexualized violence, and murder of over three hundred unidentified women in Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, to the structural effects of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and intergovernmental relations between the US and Mexico.
* **Protestgraphics** (2001-2004) was one of the first websites to respond to the 9/11, U.S. military action in Iraq and Central Asia, violence against Arab and Muslim Americans, and to the Bush administration's War on Terrorism. In addition to the online archive, 500 sets of posters were distributed free of charge to organizations and activists internationally. Major campaign: "Act Like It's A Globe, Not An Empire."
* **CIA.TV** (2001-2003) included a mobile billboard in Los Angeles, California and a web debate inviting the public to think critically about the increasingly blurry lines between news and entertainment at a political moment when federal agencies want permission to withhold information from the public, seek expanded surveillance authority and increase their budgets.
* **Target Marketing Is Not A Social Movement** (2001-2002) is a mobile billboard and postcard project that addressed target marketing and "Gay Chic."
* **Popping The Question** (2000) is a caravan of mobile billboards circulated throughout the cities of Boston, Massachusetts and San Francisco, California intended to inspire public debate about the topics of marriage and family.

1. "HOME S.A. Bachman". *sabachman*.
2. "エックスサーバー サーバー初期ページ". *www.c-m-l.org*.

## Further reading

### Books

* *A Brief History of Outrage*, **THINK AGAIN** (David John Attyah and S.A. Bachman), Distributed Art Publishers, 2003.
* *Graphic Agitation 2*, Liz McQuiston, Phaidon, London, 2004
* *Peace Signs: The Anti-War Movement Illustrated*, James Mann, English, French, German edition; Edition Olms, and Posters Against A War, Spanish edition; Gustavo Gili, 2003/2004
* *We Shall Not Be Moved*, Hass, Gilda and Strategic Actions For A Just Economy, 2004
* *Economic Apartheid In America: A Primer on Economic Inequality and Insecurity*, Collins, Chuck and Yeskel, Felice, The New Press, 2000
* *White Men Challenging Racism*, Thompson, Cooper, Schaefer, Emmett, Ford, Henry, Duke University Press, 2003

### Articles


title: Think About the Way (song)

abstract: "Think About the Way" is a single by German dance band Groove Coverage featuring vocals / rap from Rameez. The single was released digitally on March 16, 2012 in Germany as the third single from their fourth studio album Riot on the Dancefloor. The song was written by Roberto Zanetti and produced by Axel Konrad, Ole Wierk, Verena Rehm.

text:
# Think About the Way (song)

"**Think About the Way**" is a single by German dance band Groove Coverage featuring vocals / rap from Rameez. The single was released digitally on March 16, 2012 in Germany as the third single from their fourth studio album *Riot on the Dancefloor*. The song was written by Roberto Zanetti and produced by Axel Konrad, Ole Wierk, Verena Rehm.

## Adaptation

Parts of the song including the refrain are taken from an earlier 1994 hit by British hip-house / eurodance artist Ice MC entitled "Think About the Way". The Ice MC dance hit had featured Alexia on vocals. The song had been an international hit for Ice MC (real name Ian Campbell) with top 10 appearances in Belgium, Italy and Switzerland, and top 20 showing in France, Germany, Netherlands and Sweden and made it to number 38 in the UK Top 40 charts.

Groove Coverage's release contains however some additional lyrics not found in the original Ice MC hit making it a new song rather than a straight cover of the original.

## Music video

A music video to accompany the release of "Think About the Way" was first released onto YouTube on 6 March 2012 at a total length of three minutes and forty-seven seconds.

## Track listing

Digital download
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Think About the Way" (Single Edit) | 3:13 |
| 2. | "Think About the Way" (Club Mix) | 4:40 |
| 3. | "Think About the Way" (Extended Version) | 4:38 |
| 4. | "Think About the Way" (Rob & Chris Remix) | 4:55 |
| 5. | "Think About the Way" (DJane HouseKat Remix) | 4:01 |

## Chart performance

| Chart (2012) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Germany (Media Control AG) | 54 |
|

## Release history

| Country | Date | Format | Label |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Germany | March 16, 2012 | Digital download | Suprime Records, Sony Music Entertainment |
|

## InfoBox

| "Think About the Way" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Groove Coverage featuring Rameez | |
| from the album  *Riot on the Dancefloor* | |
| Released | March 16, 2012 |
| Recorded | 2011 |
| Genre | Dance |
| Length | 3:13 |
| Label | Suprime Records, Sony Music Entertainment |
| Songwriter(s) | Roberto Zanetti, I Campbell |
| Producer(s) | Axel Konrad, Ole Wierk, Verena Rehm |
| Groove Coverage singles chronology | |
| "Angeline"
(2011) "**Think About the Way**"
(2012) "Riot on the Dancefloor"
(2012) | |
|  | |
| Rameez singles chronology | |
| "**"Think About the Way"
Groove Coverage feat. Rameez**"
(2011) ""My Party"
DJane HouseKat feat. Rameez"
(2011) | |
| Music video | |
| "Think About the Way" on YouTube | |
|  | |


title: Thiongori

abstract: Thiongori is a village in the Coalla Department of Gnagna Province in eastern Burkina Faso. The village has a population of 442.

text:
# Thiongori

**Thiongori** is a village in the Coalla Department of Gnagna Province in eastern Burkina Faso. The village has a population of 442.

## InfoBox

| Thiongori | |
| --- | --- |
| Country | Burkina Faso |
| Region | Est Region |
| Province | Gnagna Province |
| Department | Coalla Department |
| Population (2005 est.) | |
| Total | 442 |


title: Thionia elliptica

abstract: Thionia elliptica is a species of issid planthopper in the family Issidae.

text:
# Thionia elliptica

***Thionia elliptica*** is a species of issid planthopper in the family Issidae.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| *Thionia elliptica* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hemiptera |
| Suborder: | Auchenorrhyncha |
| Infraorder: | Fulgoromorpha |
| Family: | Issidae |
| Tribe: | Thioniini |
| Subtribe: | Thioniina |
| Genus: | *Thionia* |
| Species: | ***T. elliptica*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Thionia elliptica***<br>(Germar, 1830) | |
|


title: Thierry Forveille

abstract: Thierry Forveille, in Sétif, is a French astronomer working at the Grenoble Planetology and Astrophysics Institute and the editor-in-chief of the journal Astronomy & Astrophysics. A former student of École Normale Supérieure, Thierry Forveille obtained his PhD in physics in 1988 at the Joseph-Fourier University with a thesis entitled Millimetric observations of circumstellar matter around young stellar objects and advanced stars under the direction of Stéphane Guilloteau. He has been an astronomer in the astronomy group of the Grenoble observatory since 1988, interrupted by a 2000-2006 stay at the Canada France Hawaii Telescope. His career is marked by numerous international collaborations. He became editor-in-chief of the journal Astronomy & Astrophysics in 2012. His main current research areas are the observational studies of brown dwarfs and extrasolar planets.

text:
# Thierry Forveille

**Thierry Forveille**, (born on July 11, 1961) in Sétif (then in French Algeria), is a French astronomer working at the Grenoble Planetology and Astrophysics Institute (part of the Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble) and the editor-in-chief of the journal *Astronomy & Astrophysics*.

A former student of École Normale Supérieure, Thierry Forveille obtained his PhD in physics in 1988 at the Joseph-Fourier University (which later merged into University of Grenoble-Alpes) with a thesis entitled *Millimetric observations of circumstellar matter around young stellar objects and advanced stars* under the direction of Stéphane Guilloteau. He has been an astronomer in the astronomy group of the Grenoble observatory (now Grenoble Institute of planetology and astrophysics) since 1988, interrupted by a 2000-2006 stay at the Canada France Hawaii Telescope. His career is marked by numerous international collaborations.

He became editor-in-chief of the journal *Astronomy & Astrophysics* in 2012.

His main current research areas are the observational studies of brown dwarfs and extrasolar planets.

## Selected publications

The selection criterion for bibliographic references quoted in this section is the number of normalized citations, i.e., the total number of citations divided by the number of authors signing the publication, as given by the Astrophysics Data System at the date of writing.

1. "Astronomy & Astrophysics (A&A)". *www.aanda.org*. Retrieved 2023-08-31.
2. "Accueil | a-Ulm". *www.archicubes.ens.fr*. Retrieved 2023-08-31.
3. Forveille, Thierry (1988-01-01). *Observations millimétriques de matière circumstellaire autour d'objets jeunes et d'étoiles évoluées : \[thèse soutenue sur un ensemble de travaux\]* (These de doctorat thesis). Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble; 1971-2015).

## InfoBox

| Thierry Forveille | |
| --- | --- |
| Thierry Forveille in 2000 at the Infrared Optical Telescope Array | |
| Born | (1961-07-11) July 11, 1961<br>Sétif, French Algeria |
| Nationality | Française |
| Alma mater | Université Grenoble-Alpes |
| Known for | Research on brown dwarfs and exosolar planets. Editor-in-chief of Astronomy & Astrophysics |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Institutions | Grenoble Planetology and Astrophysics Institute |
|  | |


title: Thierry Frémont

abstract: Thierry Frémont is a French actor. He has appeared in more than 60 films and television shows since 1984. He starred in the 1991 film Fortune Express, which was entered into the 41st Berlin International Film Festival.

text:
# Thierry Frémont

**Thierry Frémont** (born 24 July 1962) is a French actor. He has appeared in more than 60 films and television shows since 1984. He starred in the 1991 film *Fortune Express*, which was entered into the 41st Berlin International Film Festival.

## Selected filmography

## InfoBox

| Thierry Frémont | |
| --- | --- |
| Frémont in 2010 | |
| Born | (1962-07-24) 24 July 1962<br>Ozoir-la-Ferrière, Seine-et-Marne, France |
| Occupation | Actor |
| Years active | 1984–present |


title: Theodulf of Orléans

abstract: Theodulf of Orléans was a writer, poet and the Bishop of Orléans during the reign of Charlemagne and Louis the Pious. He was a key member of the Carolingian Renaissance and an important figure during the many reforms of the church under Charlemagne, as well as almost certainly the author of the Libri Carolini, "much the fullest statement of the Western attitude to representational art that has been left to us by the Middle Ages". He is mainly remembered for this and the survival of the private oratory or chapel made for his villa at Germigny-des-Prés, with a mosaic probably from about 806. In Bible manuscripts produced under his influence, the Book of Baruch and the Letter of Jeremiah became part of the Western (Vulgate) Bible canon.

text:
# Theodulf of Orléans

**Theodulf of Orléans** (Saragossa, Spain, c. 750(/60) – 18 December 821) was a writer, poet and the Bishop of Orléans (c. 798 to 818) during the reign of Charlemagne and Louis the Pious. He was a key member of the Carolingian Renaissance and an important figure during the many reforms of the church under Charlemagne, as well as almost certainly the author of the *Libri Carolini*, "much the fullest statement of the Western attitude to representational art that has been left to us by the Middle Ages". He is mainly remembered for this and the survival of the private oratory or chapel made for his villa at Germigny-des-Prés, with a mosaic probably from about 806. In Bible manuscripts produced under his influence, the Book of Baruch and the Letter of Jeremiah (as Chapter 6 of the Book of Baruch) became part of the Western (Vulgate) Bible canon.

## Life

Theodulf was born in Spain, probably Saragossa, between 750 and 760, and was of Visigothic descent. He fled Spain because of the Moorish occupation of the region and traveled to the South-Western province of Gaul called Aquitaine, where he received an education. He went on to join the monastery near Maguelonne in Southern Gaul led by the abbot Benedict of Aniane. During his trip to Rome in 786, Theodulf was inspired by the centres of learning there, and sent letters to a large number of abbots and bishops of the Frankish empire, encouraging them to establish public schools.

Charlemagne recognized Theodulf's importance within his court and simultaneously named him Bishop of Orléans (c. 798) and abbot of many monasteries, most notably the Benedictine abbey of Fleury-sur-Loire. He then went on to establish public schools outside the monastic areas which he oversaw, following through on this idea that had impressed him so much during his trip to Rome. Theodulf quickly became one of Charlemagne's favoured theologians alongside Alcuin of Northumbria and was deeply involved in many facets of Charlemagne’s desire to reform the church, for example by editing numerous translated texts that Charlemagne believed to be inaccurate and translating sacred texts directly from the classical Greek and Hebrew languages. He was a witness to the emperor's will in 811.

Charlemagne died in 814 and was succeeded by his son Louis the Pious. Louis' nephew, King Bernard of Italy, sought independence from the Frankish empire and raised his army against the latter. Bernard was talked into surrendering, but was punished by Louis severely, sentencing him to have his sight removed. The procedure of blinding Bernard went wrong and he died as a result of the operation. Louis believed that numerous people in his court were conspiring against him with Bernard, and Theodulf was one of many who were accused of treason. He was forced to abandon his position of Bishop of Orléans in 817 and was exiled to a monastery in Angers in 818 where he spent the next two years of his life. After he was released in 820, he tried to reclaim his bishopric in Orléans but was never able to reach the city because it is believed that he died during the trip or some time after that. Theodulf of Orléans died on January 18, 821, and his body was brought back to Angers where it was buried.

According to some sources Theodulf may have been married at the beginning of his career and had a daughter named Gisla.

## Villa at Germigny-des-Prés

The oratory at Germigny-des-Prés (Loiret, Orléanais), an example of Carolingian architecture, was built by Bishop Theodulf in 806 as part of his Gallo-Roman villa in Germaniacus. Theodulf was also abbot of the neighboring monastery of Saint-Benoît-sur-Loire. His complex at Germigny-des-Prés was in a general sense modelled on Charlemagne's Palace of Aachen, the center of the Carolingian Empire at that time.

All except the oratory was destroyed by the Normans (then just emerging from the Vikings) within a century of construction. The villa had frescos of the Seven liberal arts, the Four Seasons, and the Mappa Mundi, and the mosaic in the oratory is virtually the only Carolingian mosaic to survive, though over-restored in the 1860s, when the oratory was given what is generally agreed to have been a disastrous over-restoration and reconstruction. The subject of the mosaic, the Ark of the Covenant with attendant angels, is otherwise only found in early Jewish bibles (usually as the sole illustration), and probably relates to the *Libri Carolini*, where the Ark, with its golden cherubim, is mentioned as a significant proof of divine approval of religious images.

## Writings

### Capitularies

As Bishop of Orléans (798–818), Theodulf wrote two important capitularies.

***Capitula ad presbyteros parochiae***

The first capitulary was a reminder to the priests of his diocese of the importance of manual labour, studying, prayer and chastity.

***Capitula altera Theodulpho episcopo Aurelianensi adscripta***

The second capitulary focused on his code of penance where he lists the consequences of murder, adultery, fornication, incest, thievery, usury and other infractions. It is divided in ten main parts:

* *De ammonitione sacerdotum*
* *De adulteriis et incestis et fornicationibus*
* *De confessionibus laicorum*
* *De homicidio*
* *De mulierum delictis*
* *De furto et falso testimonio*
* *De inrationabili fornicatione*
* *De adultero presbytero publice et occulte*
* *De usurariis*
* *De inquisition octo vitiorium ad confessionem*

### Hymns and poems

Theodulf composed hymns and poems as well, of which 80 are preserved. *Gloria, laus et honor* is the most famous one of them.

### Libri Carolini

Theodulf was also almost certainly responsible for composing the *Libri Carolini* (c. 793) which served as a rebuttal to a faulty translation of the acts of the Second Council of Nicaea of 787 which was mistakenly interpreted as saying that the worship ("adoration") of images was acceptable in the church. According to it, the Council suggested that an end was to be put to the iconoclastic period which had led to the destruction of many sacred images in the church, especially in Constantinople, which was only partially true. This translation made its way from Rome to the court of Charlemagne where it infuriated the Frankish emperor and his loyal theologians, including Theodulf, who was ordered to write the *Libri Carolini* in Charlemagne's name in a way that portrayed him as the sole representative of the Western world and defender of the church against a supposed idolatry.

According to the *Libri Carolini*, images may be used as ecclesiastical ornaments, for purposes of instruction, and in memory of past events. It would be foolish, however, to burn incense before them and to use lights, though it would be quite wrong to cast them out of the churches and destroy them. Strong opposition is voiced in it to "adoration" of images, wrongly believing that the Council in Nicaea used this word, taken to mean the absolute adoration reserved for God alone, while only an appropriate veneration is to be given to the saints, and reverential honour to the Cross of Christ, Scripture, sacred vessels, and relics of the saints. The Greek word προσκύνησις that the Council in fact used means no more than reverence in a prostrate attitude.

## Key values

### Hospitality

Theodulf brought fresh ideas and an open mind to the period known as the Carolingian Renaissance. He believed in always keeping the door open and never refusing pilgrims, travelers or the poor if they needed a meal or a place to stay for the night. He believed that you had to offer the less fortunate a seat at your dinner table if you one day wished to have a seat at the banquet of God. These ideas were highly influenced by his readings of Augustine. He often referred to himself as the poor traveler or stranger, being born in Spain and of Visigothic descent, and being accepted with open arms by the royal court of Charlemagne.

### Literature and the liberal arts

Theodulf was an avid reader of Christian literature, and some of his favorite writers are listed in one of his letters to the Pope Leo III which include mentions of texts by Gregory the Great, St. Augustine, St. Jerome, and St. Isidore. He also mentions in his letters that he enjoyed reading pagan literature including poems by Virgil and Ovid which he thought may seem filled with heresy at first, but underneath the surface had useful morals which could be applied to Christian morality. He was also very fond of the Seven Liberal Arts and they were depicted in fresco in his dining room so that his spirit and body could be fed simultaneously.

## Bibliography

* Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Theodulf". *Encyclopædia Britannica*. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
* Löffler, Klemens (1912). "Theodulf". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). *Catholic Encyclopedia*. Vol. 14. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
* Smith, William & Wace, Henry, *A Dictionary of Christian Biography*, vol. 4., London, 1887, p. 985
* Monsignor Louis Baunard, *Théodulfe, évêque d'Orléans et Abbé de Fleury-sur-Loire*. Orléans, 1860.
* C. de Clercy, *Quelques Status Diocésains de L'époque de Charlemagne*. Anvers, 1930.
* A. Freeman, "Theodulf of Orleans and the Libri Carolini," *Speculum* Vol. 32, No. 4 (Oct., 1957), pp. 663–705.
* Ann Freeman and Paul Meyvaert (2001). "The Meaning of Theodulf's Apse Mosaic at Germigny-des-Prés". *Gesta*. **40** (2): 125–139. doi:10.2307/767242. JSTOR 767242. S2CID 193384276.
* A. Freeman, *Theodulf of Orléans: Charlemagne's Spokesman Against the Second Council of Nicaea* (Aldershot, Ashgate, 2003).
* N. Staubach, "Zwischen Mythenallegorese und Idolatriekritik. Bischof Theodulf von Orléans und die heidnischen Götter," in Christine Schmitz und Anja Bettenworth (hg.), *Menschen – Heros – Gott: Weltentwürfe und Lebensmodelle im Mythos der Vormoderne* (Stuttgart, Franz Steiner Verlag, 2009), 149–166.
* Garipzanov, Ildar H. (2008). *The Symbolic Language of Royal Authority in the Carolingian World (c.751-877)*. Brill.


title: Third trochanter

abstract:
In human anatomy, the third trochanter is a bony projection occasionally present on the proximal femur near the superior border of the gluteal tuberosity. When present, it is oblong, rounded, or conical in shape and sometimes continuous with the gluteal ridge. It generally occurs bilaterally without significant side to side dimorphism. A structure of minor importance in humans, the incidence of the third trochanter varies from 17 to 72% between ethnic groups and it is frequently reported as more common in females than in males. Structures analogous to the third trochanter are present in other mammals, including some primates, but also in horses.
It is called the third trochanter in reference to the greater and lesser trochanters that are always present on the femur.

text:
# Third trochanter

In human anatomy, the **third trochanter** is a bony projection occasionally present on the proximal femur near the superior border of the gluteal tuberosity. When present, it is oblong, rounded, or conical in shape and sometimes continuous with the gluteal ridge. It generally occurs bilaterally without significant side to side dimorphism. A structure of minor importance in humans, the incidence of the third trochanter varies from 17 to 72% between ethnic groups and it is frequently reported as more common in females than in males. Structures analogous to the third trochanter are present in other mammals, including some primates, but also in horses. It is called the third trochanter in reference to the greater and lesser trochanters that are always present on the femur.

## Function

Its function is to provide an attachment for the ascending tendon of the gluteus maximus muscle. It may function as (1) a reinforcement mechanism for the proximal femoral diaphysis in response to increased ground reaction force and (2) to increase the attachment surface area for the gluteal musculature and thereby providing greater efficiency of contracture. Mechanical load from the gluteus maximus may, on the other hand, affect the morphology of the proximal femur, similar to how quadriceps determines the size and shape of the tibial tuberosity, and thereby the shape of the third trochanter. However, no certain conclusions regarding the biomechanical role of the third trochanter can be made.

## Anthropology

The third trochanter is associated with short, robust femora, and is frequently present and well developed in Neanderthals (that were shorter and more robust than anatomically modern humans) but generally absent in higher primates.

Studying fossils of *Ardipithecus ramidus* (a chimpanzee–human last common ancestor candidate), Lovejoy et al. 2009 noted that in this species—as well as in *Proconsul*, *Nacholapithecus*, and *Dryopithecus* (Miocene primates)—homologs to the third trochanter and the hypotrochanteric fossa are present while both traits are absent in extant apes. They concluded that the hominid morphotype is primitive and the femoral shape of apes is derived contrary to what was previously thought.

## InfoBox

| Third trochanter | |
| --- | --- |
| Human femoral bones featuring third trochanters | |
| Human right femur. Posterior view, featuring third trochanter | |
| Details | |
| Identifiers | |
| Latin | *trochanter tertius* |
| TA98 | A02.5.04.008 |
| TA2 | 1367 |
| FMA | 75824 |
| Anatomical terms of bone | |


title: Thomas Forrest Cotton

abstract: Thomas Forrest Cotton FRCP was a Canadian cardiologist. He introduced electrocardiography to Canada and England and was the first to recognise the relationship between finger clubbing in adults with acquired structural heart disease and infective endocarditis. His paper on clubbing in endocarditis is considered by cardiologists as a classic.

text:
# Thomas Forrest Cotton

**Thomas Forrest Cotton** FRCP (4 November 1884 – 26 July 1965) was a Canadian cardiologist. He introduced electrocardiography to Canada and England and was the first to recognise the relationship between finger clubbing in adults with acquired structural heart disease and infective endocarditis. His paper on clubbing in endocarditis is considered by cardiologists as a classic.

## Early life and family

Thomas Cotton was born on 4 November 1884 in Cowansville, Quebec, to Cedric and Harriet C. Cotton. Cedric was a small-town physician. After completing his early medical education at McGill University, Cotton travelled to Europe to do house jobs. There, he worked with the big names of the time, Friedrich Kraus and Georg Nicolai, co-authors of the first textbook of electrocardiography, and later, with Friedrich von Muller in Munich and Karel Wenckebach in Vienna. He then spent a short time in postgraduate training in the United States before moving to University College Hospital, London, in 1913, where he worked with Sir Thomas Lewis.

In 1928, Cotton married Dr. Mary (Molly) Marshall, then a clinical assistant at the National Heart Hospital. They had no children.

## Cardiology career

Despite the age difference and distance between the two, Sir William Osler supported Cotton's postgraduate activities in England and abroad. Cotton later wrote, "the gates were opened wide for me to enter; a letter to Lewis from William Osler was all that was required to make life seem at its best".

Cotton briefly returned to Montreal General Hospital, where, in 1913, with the assistance of Osler's influence and financial contributions, Cotton was able to persuade the hospital to purchase an electrocardiograph. Cotton, as a result, became Canada's first electrocardiographer.

At the onset of the First World War, Cotton enlisted in the Canadian Expeditionary Force and re-joined Lewis at the Military Hospital, Hampstead, which had been established to carry out research into heart diseases in soldiers. It was at Hampstead that his path crossed with William Osler, Mackenzie, Clifford Allbutt, Caler, Meakins, Parkinson and Drury. In 1913 and 1917, he published ten papers in *Heart*, eight of which were co-authored with Lewis.

During his assignment in 1917 at the Sobraon Military Heart Hospital in Colchester, England, Cotton became interested in finger clubbing. He found that clubbing of fingers in adults known to have structural heart disease was a common clinical finding in infective endocarditis. His paper on clubbing in endocarditis is considered by cardiologists as a classic. Following postmortem information on men with "acquired structural heart disease" and clubbing, Cotton stated that although clubbing was not "a conclusive sign of infection, it is nevertheless one of the most valuable signs we possess in coming to a correct diagnosis". As a result, he was the first to recognize clubbing of the fingers as a sign of infective endocarditis.

In 1922, he was one of four men who founded the Cardiac Club in London.

## Death and legacy

Cotton was an active member of the Osler Club of London. He had prospered from Canadian investments and following his death at the age of 80 on 26 July 1965, the Royal College of Physicians received a substantial bequest in his will. His ashes were concealed alongside those of Sir William and Lady Osler in the Osler Library at McGill. His respected chief Osler is remembered in the dining room, named as Cotton had wished, the Osler Room, and in an annual Osler oration. In return, the College honoured Cotton by putting up a plaque in the Osler room and establishing a separate room (known as the "Thomas Cotton Room") to house the library, archives and other possessions of the Osler Club. Some of his archives are held at McGill University in the Osler Library of the History of Medicine

## InfoBox

| Thomas Forrest Cotton | |
| --- | --- |
| Thomas Forrest Cotton by David Jagger, 1929. Oil on canvas, Royal College of Physicians, London. | |
| Born | 4 November 1884<br>Cowansville, Quebec, Canada |
| Died | 26 July 1965 |
| Education | McGill University |
| Occupation | Cardiologist |
| Known for |  |


title: Thioalkalibacter

abstract: Thioalkalibacter is a faculatively alkaliphilic and halophilic genus of bacteria from the family of Thioalkalibacteraceae with one known species.

text:
# Thioalkalibacter

***Thioalkalibacter*** is a faculatively alkaliphilic and halophilic genus of bacteria from the family of Thioalkalibacteraceae with one known species (*Thioalkalibacter halophilus*).

## InfoBox

| *Thioalkalibacter* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Bacteria |
| Phylum: | Pseudomonadota |
| Class: | Gammaproteobacteria |
| Order: | Chromatiales |
| Family: | Thioalkalibacteraceae |
| Genus: | ***Thioalkalibacter***
Banciu et al. 2009 |
|
| Type species | |
| *Thioalkalibacter halophilus*
 | |
| Species | |
| *T. halophilus* | |


title: Thomas Jekyll

abstract: Thomas Jekyll was an English antiquarian.

text:
# Thomas Jekyll

**Thomas Jekyll** (12 January 1570 – 1653) was an English antiquarian.

## Biography

Jekyll was born in the parish of St. Helen, Bishopsgate, London, on 12 January 1570, was eldest son of John Stocker Jekyll of Newington, Middlesex, by Mary, daughter and heiress of Nicholas Barnehouse of Wellington, Somerset (Visitations of Essex, Harl. Soc., pt. i. pp. 427–8; Morant, Essex, Preface). He became an attorney of Clifford's Inn, and was afterwards made secondary of the king's bench and one of the clerks of the papers. He died at his country seat at Bocking, Essex, in 1653 (Administration Act, P. C. C., dated 13 May 1653). By his wife Elizabeth, daughter of Richard Lake of ‘Norton Horny’ (? Galby) Place, Leicestershire, who survived him, he had five sons and three daughters.

Availing himself of his access to legal records, Jekyll filled above forty volumes with valuable materials for the histories of Essex, Norfolk, and Suffolk (Gough, British Topography, i. 345). A portion of the Jekyll collection was included in the list of manuscripts belonging to John Ouseley, rector of Springfield, Essex, printed in the ‘Catalogi Librorum Manuscriptorum Angliæ,’ 1697 (ii. 103). After Ouseley's death these manuscripts came into the hands of the Rev. William Holbrook, his son-in-law, who in 1710 was willing to sell them to Harley, earl of Oxford (cf. Harl. MS. 3779). Other of Jekyll's papers passed to Jekyll's grandson, Nicholas Jekyll of Castle Hedingham, Essex. Holbrook is said to have subsequently communicated his part of the collection to William Holman, who obtained additions from Nicholas Jekyll. Of two manuscript catalogues of the Jekyll MSS., drawn up by Holman in 1715, one is now in the library of All Souls' College, Oxford (No. 297), and the other is in the British Museum (Egerton MS. 2382, f. 153). Many of Jekyll's volumes ultimately found their way into the British Museum (see Harl. MSS. 3968, 4723, 5185, 5186, 5190, 5195, 6677, 6678, 6684, and 6685; various papers inserted in Harl. MSS. 6832 and 7017), and five folio volumes, containing very valuable materials for the history of Essex (Add. MSS. 19985–9). Morant by his own account had in his possession those Jekyll MSS. which had belonged to Ouseley, and made copious use of them (Nichols, Lit. Anecd. ii. 705).

An interesting letter from Jekyll to Sir Symonds D'Ewes, dated from Bocking on 19 Dec. 1641, is in Harleian MS. 376.

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Goodwin, Gordon (1892). "Jekyll, Thomas (1570-1653)". In Lee, Sidney (ed.). *Dictionary of National Biography*. Vol. 29. London: Smith, Elder & Co.

## InfoBox

| Thomas Jekyll | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 12 January 1570
St. Helen, Bishopsgate, London |
| Died | 1653 (aged 8283)
Bocking, Essex |
| Nationality | English |
| Occupation | Antiquarian |


title: Thomas Darling

abstract: Thomas Darling was a businessman and elected official in 18th century Connecticut who was acquainted with Benjamin Franklin, Ezra Stiles, Roger Sherman, and Benedict Arnold.

text:
# Thomas Darling

**Thomas Darling** (February 21, 1720  November 30, 1789) was a businessman and elected official in 18th century Connecticut who was acquainted with Benjamin Franklin, Ezra Stiles, Roger Sherman, and Benedict Arnold.

## Life

Darling studied theology at Yale College in New Haven, Connecticut, graduating in 1740. Although he was licensed to preach in 1743, he never sought to become a minister, but trained others for it as the only tutor at Yale from 1743 to 1745. The Yale class of 1746 presented him with a still-surviving silver bowl created by Cornelius Kierstede. The bowl, is said to be the most ornamental piece of plate made in Connecticut up to that time, is owned by Yale University.

On July 25, 1745, in New Haven he married Abigail Noyes (b. March 20, 1724 - d. July 19, 1797), a daughter of the Rev. Joseph Noyes, Darling's mentor. The couple had three sons and five daughters with all but one surviving to adulthood: Abigail, Susanna, Samuel, Thomas, Ann, Dorothy, Joseph and Jemima.

Over the next 31 years in New Haven Darling was an entrepreneur involved in various businesses. He was a manufacturer, merchant, and justice of the peace. Darling ran a rope walk, helped start the first printing business in New Haven, tried to establish a glass business, and was a member of the General Assembly. He was an advocate of religious freedom, and a supporter of the U. S.Constitution.

In 1774 Darling moved to Amity Parish, now Woodbridge, Connecticut, and built a house. The Darling House Museum is now operated by the Amity & Woodbridge Historical Society.

He died in 1789 in Stonington and was buried in New Haven.


title: Thomas Darden

abstract: Thomas Francis Darden Jr. was a U.S. Navy officer who achieved the rank of captain, the commander of a Navy light cruiser during World War II, and was the governor of American Samoa from July 7, 1949 through February 23, 1951. Darden also served on the staffs of two U.S. Navy admirals during the War in the Pacific: rear admirals Henry Hughes Hough and Thomas L. Sprague. Darden served on and commanded warships, and then in the 1940s was appointed head of the "Special Programs Unit". This unit trained African Americans for accelerated promotion in the Navy; Darden himself advocated for racial integration in the Navy. Darden also served as the last military governor of American Samoa, and since February 1951, his successors have all been civilians.

text:
# Thomas Darden

**Thomas Francis Darden Jr.** (September 8, 1900  June 17, 1961) was a U.S. Navy officer who achieved the rank of captain, the commander of a Navy light cruiser during World War II, and was the governor of American Samoa from July 7, 1949 through February 23, 1951. Darden also served on the staffs of two U.S. Navy admirals during the War in the Pacific: rear admirals Henry Hughes Hough and Thomas L. Sprague.

Darden served on and commanded warships, and then in the 1940s was appointed head of the "Special Programs Unit". This unit trained African Americans for accelerated promotion in the Navy; Darden himself advocated for racial integration in the Navy.

Darden also served as the last military governor of American Samoa, and since February 1951, his successors have all been civilians.

## Life

Darden was born on September 8, 1900, in Brooklyn, New York. He died on June 17, 1961. He is buried at the Fort Rosecrans National Cemetery in San Diego, California.

While he was a lieutenant, Darden served as the aide-de-camp and the flag secretary for Rear Admiral Henry Hughes Hough. For a period of time following World War II, Darden served as an assistant to Chief of Naval Personnel Rear Admiral Thomas L. Sprague.

Darden took command of the destroyer USS *Benham* (DD-397)on February 2, 1939. Then, during the War in the Pacific,

Darden commanded the light cruiser USS *Denver* (CL-58).

In the latter 1940s, Darden headed the "Special Programs Unit", a naval unit intended to address the continuing role of African Americans in the U.S. Navy. Darden advocated integrating Black personnel into the U.S. Navy. He and fellow naval officers in the program developed a course to prepare African American enlisted men for promotion to the rank of Chief Petty Officer. Many graduates of this program were given priority promotion, even when specific openings did not exist for them.

## Governorship

Darden was the last military governor of American Samoa. Darden took office on July 7, 1949, succeeding Captain Vernon Huber, and he left the office on February 23, 1951, to be succeeded by civilian governors from then on. Darden's primary assignment as the last U.S. Navy Governor was to ensure a smooth and orderly transition from U.S. Navy to Interior administration. Despite President Truman's 1948 order for the transition, there was still significant opposition due to political and economic concerns, including fears of losing land and the matai system. On March 1, 1951, Governor Darden and his wife departed the territory aboard the *SS Sonoma*.

## InfoBox

| Thomas Francis Darden Jr. | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Governor of American Samoa | |
| **In office**
July 7, 1949  February 23, 1951 | |
| Preceded by | Vernon Huber |
| Succeeded by | Phelps Phelps |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | September 8, 1900
Brooklyn, New York, US |
| Died | June 17, 1961(1961-06-17) (aged 60) |
| Resting place | Fort Rosecrans National Cemetery |
| Occupation | Naval officer |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | United States |
| Branch/service | United States Navy |
| Rank | Captain |
| Commands | USS *Benham* (DD-397); USS *Denver* (CL-58); Special Programs Unit |
| Battles/wars | Battle of Empress Augusta Bay,
Battle of Surigao Strait,
Liberation of the Philippines |
|  | |


title: This Week (1956 TV programme)

abstract: This Week is a British weekly current affairs television programme that was first produced for ITV in January 1956 by Associated-Rediffusion, running until 1978, when it was replaced by TV Eye. In 1986, the earlier name was revived and This Week continued until Thames lost its franchise at the end of 1992. In September 1958, This Week filmed George Harrison Marks and Pamela Green at their photography studio in Gerrard Street. David Kentick directed and Nick Barker interviewed Marks and Green. They were filmed working with a nude model, who was strategically covered by a very long wig. The film sequence ended with a montage of their photographs, mostly of nudes. However, the night it was to be broadcast Pope Pius XII died and the programme was cut, and the interview never shown. In 1964, This Week returned to their studio. This time round they showed a clip of the infamous striptease comedy film The Window Dresser. However, its most influential episode was an exposé on the National Front in 1974, which led to the party's members firing their Chairman John Tyndall and National Activities Organiser Martin Webster two weeks later as a result of the revelations on the show from former NF Chairman John O'Brien of their neo-Nazi paramilitary pasts and continued links. In 1976 the episode Death in the West believed to contain the first recorded admission from a tobacco company representative that smoking causes health problems resulted in an injunction from Philip Morris International. The most controversial edition was "Death on the Rock", a 1988 documentary which questioned the official account of the Gibraltar shootings. During its run, the programme's presenters included Ludovic Kennedy, James Cameron, Jonathan Dimbleby, Robert Kee, Dan Farson, Jeremy Thorpe, Desmond Wilcox, Bryan Magee, Peter Taylor, Denis Tuohy, John Morgan and Yvonne Roberts. The programme used the Intermezzo from Sibelius's Karelia Suite as a signature tune.

text:
# This Week (1956 TV programme)

***This Week*** is a British weekly current affairs television programme that was first produced for ITV in January 1956 by Associated-Rediffusion (later Thames Television), running until 1978, when it was replaced by *TV Eye*. In 1986, the earlier name was revived and *This Week* continued until Thames lost its franchise at the end of 1992.

In September 1958, *This Week* filmed George Harrison Marks and Pamela Green at their photography studio in Gerrard Street. David Kentick directed and Nick Barker interviewed Marks and Green. They were filmed working with a nude model, who was strategically covered by a very long wig. The film sequence ended with a montage of their photographs, mostly of nudes. However, the night it was to be broadcast Pope Pius XII died and the programme was cut, and the interview never shown. In 1964, *This Week* returned to their studio. This time round they showed a clip of the infamous striptease comedy film *The Window Dresser*.

However, its most influential episode was an exposé on the National Front in 1974, which led to the party's members firing their Chairman John Tyndall and National Activities Organiser Martin Webster two weeks later as a result of the revelations on the show from former NF Chairman John O'Brien of their neo-Nazi paramilitary pasts and continued links.

In 1976 the episode *Death in the West* believed to contain the first recorded admission from a tobacco company representative that smoking causes health problems resulted in an injunction from Philip Morris International.

The most controversial edition was "Death on the Rock", a 1988 documentary which questioned the official account of the Gibraltar shootings.

During its run, the programme's presenters included Ludovic Kennedy, James Cameron, Jonathan Dimbleby, Robert Kee, Dan Farson, Jeremy Thorpe (who became leader of the Liberal Party), Desmond Wilcox, Bryan Magee, Peter Taylor (noted for his coverage of Northern Ireland), Denis Tuohy, John Morgan and Yvonne Roberts.

The programme used the Intermezzo from Sibelius's *Karelia Suite* as a signature tune.

## InfoBox

| *This Week* | |
| --- | --- |
| Title card in 1992 | |
| Genre | Current Affairs |
| Opening theme | Intermezzo from *Karelia Suite* |
| Composer | Jean Sibelius |
| Country of origin | United Kingdom |
| Original language | English |
| Production | |
| Production companies |  |
| Original release | |
| Network | ITV |
| Release | 6 January 1956 (1956-01-06)
20 July 1978 (1978-07-20) |
| Release | 11 September 1986 (1986-09-11)
17 December 1992 (1992-12-17) |


title: This Week (magazine)

abstract:
This Week was a nationally syndicated Sunday magazine supplement that was included in American newspapers between 1935 and 1969. In the early 1950s, it accompanied 37 Sunday newspapers. A decade later, at its peak in 1963, This Week was distributed with the Sunday editions of 42 newspapers for a total circulation of 14.6 million. It was the oldest syndicated newspaper supplement in the United States when it went out of business in 1969. It was distributed with the Los Angeles Times, The Dallas Morning News, The Plain Dealer, the Boston Herald, and others. Magazine historian Phil Stephensen-Payne noted,
  - "It grew from a circulation of four million in 1935 to nearly 12 million in 1957, far outstripping other fiction-carrying weeklies such as Collier's, Liberty and even The Saturday Evening Post."

text:
# This Week (magazine)

***This Week*** was a nationally syndicated Sunday magazine supplement that was included in American newspapers between 1935 and 1969. In the early 1950s, it accompanied 37 Sunday newspapers. A decade later, at its peak in 1963, *This Week* was distributed with the Sunday editions of 42 newspapers for a total circulation of 14.6 million.

It was the oldest syndicated newspaper supplement in the United States when it went out of business in 1969. It was distributed with the *Los Angeles Times*, *The Dallas Morning News*, *The Plain Dealer* (Cleveland, Ohio), the *Boston Herald*, and others. Magazine historian Phil Stephensen-Payne noted,

"It grew from a circulation of four million in 1935 to nearly 12 million in 1957, far outstripping other fiction-carrying weeklies such as *Collier's*, *Liberty* and even *The Saturday Evening Post* (all of which eventually folded)."

## History

### Foundation and early years

*This Week* was being published as the *New York Herald Tribune Sunday Magazine* when publisher Joseph P. Knapp changed its name and began to syndicate it to other newspapers. The first issue appeared on February 24, 1935. The magazine's editor at the time was Marie Mattingly "Missy" Meloney, who professionally went by the name "Mrs. William Brown Meloney"; she had been editing the *Herald Tribune's* Sunday magazine since 1926. In *The New York Times*, Henry Raymont wrote:

During the early years, *This Week'*s editorial content was made up mainly of fiction articles by such major writers as Sax Rohmer, Erle Stanley Gardner, Pearl Buck, P. G. Wodehouse and Bruce Catton. It also published articles on national affairs by such major writers as former President Herbert Hoover, Adlai Stevenson II, Richard Nixon, and Nelson Rockefeller. — H. Raymont (1969)

### Peak

In 1942, *This Week* cut its size down and eliminated run-overs onto back pages. It also changed to including 52% articles and 48% fiction; at one time it had contained 80% fiction.

William I. Nichols became editor of the magazine in June 1943, just before the death of Meloney the same month, and a year later the magazine started to turn a profit. In 1948, *This Week* surpassed the *American Weekly* as the American newspaper supplement with the largest advertising revenue. Nichols turned the financial fortunes of *This Week* around by "shun\[ning\] anything controversial":

"I'm neither pious nor preachy, but my first principle is success and \[decency\] has paid off in success. You can bore a mass audience to death with acres of flesh. Why did burlesque die?" — W.I. Nichols (1949)

By 1963, *This Week* reached its highest circulation.

### Demise

Later, *This Week* was owned by Publication Corporation, which was taken over by Crowell, Collier & Macmillan in a January 1968 merger, but the magazine was "already fighting for survival". William Woestendiek, former editor of IBM's *Think* magazine and former city editor of *The Houston Post*, was brought in to revamp the editorial format. "We tried hard to turn out a better editorial product," an unnamed Crowell, Coller executive told *The New York Times*. "We succeeded in doing it, but nobody wanted it."

The merged company

"began to subsidize the magazine last May \[1969\] in the hope of restoring circulation, build advertising and make it a self-sustaining enterprise by Aug. 1".

That effort was unsuccessful, and subscribing newspapers, with the then-total circulation of 9.9 million, were offered the opportunity to keep the supplement going by paying about $5 for 1,000 copies. The attempt was fruitless, said Fred H. Stapleford, president and publisher of United Newspaper Corporation, and he announced that the last number would be issued on November 2, 1969. In a letter to the subscriber newspapers, he said:

I deeply regret having to advise you that the necessary circulation commitment cannot be attained. It is a pity that *This Week*, so long a distinguished member of the newspaper family, evidently has outlasted its economic usefulness to newspapers and advertisers ... We believe it would be foolhardy to continue publishing when all the vital signs are negative. — F.H. Stapleford (1969)

A memorandum to the 160 *This Week* employees pledged that

"every effort would be made to find \[them\] jobs in other publications of Crowell, Collier, one of the nation's largest book publishing and educational business concerns."

## Contributors

### Cartoonists

The numerous cartoonists who contributed to *This Week* included Irwin Caplan, Dick Cavalli, Chon Day, Robert Day, Rowland Emett, Paul Giambarba, Tom Henderson, Bil Keane, Bill King, Clyde Lamb, Harry Mace, Roy McKie, Ronald Searle, Vahan Shirvanian, Ton Smits, Ralph Stein, Henry Syverson, George Wolfe and Bill Yates. Giambarba's series of *Angelino* cartoons ran in *This Week* during the late 1950s. Caplan contributed a regular weekly thematic grouping of cartoons, sometimes in the form of a vertical comic strip.

Cartoonist Stein was also *This Week'*s Auto Editor, expanding his material into a book, *This Week's Glove-Compartment Auto Book* (Random House, 1964). Crockett Johnson created *The Saga of Quilby: A ghost story especially devised for advertisers who stay up late* (1955), a pamphlet designed to sell advertising space in *This Week*. A collection of cartoons included a dozen profiles of the magazine's cartoonists and an article on cartoon devices and terminology by Mort Walker.

Many cartoons in *This Week* were devised by gagwriter Bob McCully. One writer noted about him:

> McCully sends his cartoon ideas out on small 6×3½ inch cards, using a minimum of words. Here's how the card read which he submitted with an idea that eventually appeared as a cartoon in *This Week* magazine.
>
> ***Scene***: Four garbagemen are standing beside the garbage can in the backyard of a house. Each one is holding his cap in his hand. The lady of the house is standing nearby. She seems embarrassed as one of the garbagemen says:
>
> ***Title***: "... and so we're proud to announce that you've been selected as Miss Sanitary Garbage Can of 1949."

### Writers

Contributors to *This Week* included:

## InfoBox

*This Week*
| McClelland Barclay cover for *This Week* (September 24, 1939) | |
| --- | --- |
| Editor | Marie Mattingly Meloney (1935–1943) |
| Categories | news magazine, fiction |
| Frequency | Weekly |
| Publisher | Joseph P. Knapp |
| Total circulation<br>(1963) | 14.6 million |
| First issue | February 24, 1935 |
| Final issue | November 2, 1969 |
| Company | Publication Corporation |
| Country | United States |
| Based in | New York City, New York |
| Language | English |


title: Thomas Ainslie (rugby union)

abstract: Thomas Ainslie was a Scotland international rugby union football player.

text:
# Thomas Ainslie (rugby union)

**Thomas Ainslie** (18 December 1860 – 16 March 1926) was a Scotland international rugby union football player.

## Rugby Union career

### Amateur career

Ainslie played for Edinburgh Institution F.P.

### Provincial career

Ainslie played for Edinburgh District in the 1879 and 1880 inter-city.

Ainslie played for East of Scotland District in the March 1879 and January 1880 match.

### International career

He was capped 12 times for Scotland between 1881 and 1885.

### Administrative career

Ainslie became the 19th President of the Scottish Rugby Union. He served the 1891–92 term in office.

## Family

He was the brother of Robert Ainslie who was also capped for Scotland.

Sources  * Bath, Richard (ed.) *The Scotland Rugby Miscellany* (Vision Sports Publishing Ltd, 2007 ISBN 1-905326-24-6)

## InfoBox

Thomas Ainslie
| Birth name | Thomas Ainslie |
| --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1860-12-18)18 December 1860 |
| Place of birth | Lasswade, Scotland |
| Date of death | 16 March 1926(1926-03-16) (aged 65) |
| Place of death | Edinburgh, Scotland |
| Rugby union career | |
| **Position(s)** Forward  Amateur team(s)  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  - Edinburgh Institution F.P.   ()  Provincial / State sides  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  1879- East of Scotland District   ()  1879 Edinburgh District   ()  International career  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  1881-85 Scotland  12  (3) | |
|  | |
|  | |
| 19th President of the Scottish Rugby Union | |
| **In office**<br>1891–1892 | |
| Preceded by | Gordon Mitchell |
| Succeeded by | David Morton |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Thomas Aird (British Army officer)

abstract: Lieutenant-Colonel Thomas Aird was a British Army officer of the Napoleonic era who was present at the Battle of Waterloo on 18 June 1815.

text:
# Thomas Aird (British Army officer)

Lieutenant-Colonel **Thomas Aird** (21 December 1760  1 November 1839) was a British Army officer of the Napoleonic era who was present at the Battle of Waterloo on 18 June 1815.

## Career

Born in Maybole, South Ayrshire, Scotland, Aird joined the 2nd Dragoons as a cornet on 20 August 1784. After serving with the Duke of York on the Continent in 1793–5, he was promoted to lieutenant in 1799 and then transferred to the Royal Waggon Train as a captain on 2 May 1800; promotion to major followed on 27 October 1808; to brevet Lieutenant Colonel on 2 June 1814 and to lieutenant-colonel on 4 May 1815.

He served during the Peninsular War and in Flanders and commanded the Royal Waggon Train at the Battle of Waterloo.

On 25 December 1818 he was placed on half pay and died on 1 November 1839 in Sunderland, North East England. There is a memorial tablet dedicated to Aird in the Parish Church at Maybole.

## Personal life

Aird had a daughter who in 1814 married Lieutenant John Raleigh Elwes of the 71st (Highland) Regiment of Foot who died of wounds received at Waterloo a few days after the battle.

## Bibliography

* Bromley, Janet; Bromley, David (2015). *Wellington's Men Remembered Volume 1: A Register of Memorials to Soldiers who Fought in the Peninsular War and at Waterloo- Volume I: A to L*. Pen and Sword. ISBN 978-1-4738-5768-1.
* Dalton, Charles (1904). *The Waterloo roll call. With biographical notes and anecdotes*. London: Eyre and Spottiswoode.
* Philippart, John (1820). *The Royal Military Calendar or Army Service and Commission Book*. Vol. V.


title: Thomas Kerchever Arnold

abstract: Thomas Kerchever Arnold was an English theologian and voluminous writer of educational works.

text:
# Thomas Kerchever Arnold

**Thomas Kerchever Arnold** (1800  9 March 1853) was an English theologian and voluminous writer of educational works.

## Life

Arnold was born in 1800. His father, Thomas Graham Arnold, was a doctor of Stamford. He was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, was seventh junior optime in the mathematical tripos of 1821, and was elected fellow of his college shortly afterwards. He took his degree of B.A. in the same year, and that of M.A. in 1824. In 1830 he was presented to the living of Lyndon, in Rutland, where his parishioners only numbered one hundred. He at first devoted his ample leisure to theology, and showed himself an obstinate opponent of the views advanced by the leaders of the Oxford movement. From 1838 until his death he applied himself mainly to the preparation of school books, which procured him a very wide reputation. He died at Lyndon Rectory of bronchitis after a few days' illness on 9 March 1853. A writer in *The Guardian* at the time of his death describes him as "remarkable for an almost feminine gentleness of manner, and for the unaffected simplicity of his life."

## Works

### Classics textbooks

Arnold began his career as an educational writer with the publication of the *Essentials of Greek Accidence* in 1838, and this work was followed almost immediately by his *Practical Introduction to Greek Prose Composition*, which had an unprecedented success, and was "the keystone of his literary fortunes." The book reached a fourth edition in 1841, and a seventh in 1849, when its sales had exceeded 20,000 copies. It was at once adopted as a textbook in the higher classes of the chief schools of England. Its leading merit consisted in its author's judicious use of the system and researches of recent German scholars — "in applying the method of Ollendorff to the syntax of Buttmann."

In 1839 Arnold issued a *Latin Prose Composition* on a similar plan. It met with a welcome scarcely less warm than that accorded to its forerunner and became the basis for the immensely popular revision by George Granville Bradley known as "Bradley's Arnold". In the succeeding years he prepared a whole library of classical school-books, which included translations and adaptations of many German and American works. In association with the Rev. J. E. Riddle he published in 1847 an *English-Latin Lexicon*, based on a German work by Dr. C. E. Georges, which cost him, he wrote in the preface, "many years of labour." Between 1848 and 1853 he edited, in twenty-five volumes, portions of all the chief Latin and Greek authors, and published handbooks of classical antiquities, the *Anticleptic Gradus* and similar works.

### Other school textbooks

Nor did he confine himself to the classics. He superintended the publication of English, French, German, Italian, and Hebrew grammars, and aided in the preparation of a *Handbook of Hebrew Antiquities* and a *Boy's Arithmetic.* Almost all his educational writings bear the distinct impress of German influence. In his classical work he depended largely on Madvig, Krüger, Zumpt, and other less known scholars; his treatment of modern languages was also based on German models, and Arnold was generally ready to acknowledge his obligations to foreign writers.

### Theology

As a theological writer Arnold was almost equally voluminous. His earliest published work was a sermon on the *Faith of Abel*, which appeared in the third volume of a collection of *Family Sermons* in 1833, and four years later he projected and edited a periodical under the title of the *Churchman's Quarterly Magazine*, which soon perished. Subsequently, he made two similar attempts to further the interests of the Church of England by means of periodical literature. In January 1844 he published the first number of the *Churchman's Monthly Companion*, which succumbed to popular indifference eight months later, and in 1851 he started another monthly magazine, entitled the *Theological Critic*, which lived on until his death in 1853. Arnold's contributions to theological literature also included five pamphlets on ecclesiastical questions raised by the Oxford Movement; an abridgment of an American version of Hengstenberg's *Christology*; two volumes of sermons, one published in 1845, and the other posthumously in 1858; and *Short Helps to Daily Devotion* (1847). He likewise issued controversial treatises criticising well-known theological works like Taylor's *Interpretations of the Fathers*, Elliott's *Horæ Apocalypticæ*, and Dean Close's sermons, in all of which, according to a sympathetic critic in the *Guardian* of 1853, "his critical eye discerned unsoundness . . . which, if not exposed, was likely to do extensive mischief."

### Critical reaction

In an article in *Fraser's Magazine* for February 1853, afterwards published in pamphlet form and attributed to John William Donaldson, an attempt was made to discredit Arnold's classical schoolbooks. In a temperate reply, written a few weeks before his death, Arnold rebutted some of the more sinister imputations on his character in the article. The popularity of a few of the books that Donaldson specially denounced survived his attack.

Media related to Thomas Kerchever Arnold at Wikimedia Commons


title: These C*cksucking Tears

abstract: These C*cksucking Tears is a 2016 American documentary short film directed by Dan Taberski and starring Patrick Haggerty. It is based on his life and struggles as an openly gay person and musician with the band Lavender Country. The film opened at SXSW in March 2016, and won the award for Best Documentary Short. It subsequently screened at a number of LGBT and general interest film festivals, winning the award for Best Documentary Short at Outfest in Los Angeles and the Seattle International Film Festival. The film is named for the band's song "Crying These Cocksucking Tears".

text:
# These C*cksucking Tears

***These C\*cksucking Tears*** is a 2016 American documentary short film directed by Dan Taberski and starring Patrick Haggerty. It is based on his life and struggles as an openly gay person and musician with the band Lavender Country.

The film opened at SXSW in March 2016, and won the award for Best Documentary Short. It subsequently screened at a number of LGBT and general interest film festivals, winning the award for Best Documentary Short at Outfest in Los Angeles and the Seattle International Film Festival.

The film is named for the band's song "Crying These Cocksucking Tears".

## Reception

When the film screened at the DC Shorts Film Festival in Washington, D.C., *Metro Weekly* gave it a four-star rating.

## InfoBox

| These C\*cksucking Tears | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Dan Taberski |
| Produced by | Dan Taberski<br>Christy Lamb |
| Starring | Patrick Haggerty |
| Cinematography | Damon Hoydysh |
| Edited by | David Mehlman |
| Music by | Patrick Haggerty |
| Release date | * March 12, 2016 (2016-03-12) (SXSW) |
| Running time | 15 min. |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: These Blues of Mine

abstract: These Blues of Mine is the second album by jazz organist Trudy Pitts, recorded in 1967 and released on the Prestige label.

text:
# These Blues of Mine

***These Blues of Mine*** is the second album by jazz organist Trudy Pitts, recorded in 1967 and released on the Prestige label.

## Reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic |  |

Allmusic awarded the album 3 stars stating "Better than expected soul-jazz interpretations of contemporary rock and pop songs stand alongside jazz originals... It works best when they cut to straight, burning soul-jazz groovers".

## Track listing

All compositions by Bill Carney except as noted

1. "Organology" – 4:00
2. "The House of the Rising Sun" (Traditional) – 3:39
3. "Just Us Two" – 5:05
4. "Eleanor Rigby" (John Lennon, Paul McCartney) – 2:51
5. "Count Nine" (Trudy Pitts) – 4:15
6. "Man and a Woman" (Chuck Calhoun) – 4:20
7. "A Whiter Shade of Pale" (Gary Brooker, Keith Reid, Matthew Fisher) – 3:10
8. "Teddy Makes Three" – 3:03
9. "These Blues of Mine" (Bill Carney, Sonny Truitt) – 5:25
10. "What the World Needs Now" (Burt Bacharach, Hal David) – 3:23

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| These Blues of Mine | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Trudy Pitts | |
| Released | 1967 |
| Recorded | September 21 & 25, 1967 |
| Studio | Van Gelder Studio, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey |
| Genre | Jazz |
| Length | 39:11 |
| Label | Prestige
PR 7538 |
| Producer | Cal Lampley |
| Trudy Pitts chronology | |
| *Introducing the Fabulous Trudy Pitts*
(1967) ***These Blues of Mine***
(1967) *A Bucketful of Soul*
(1968) | |