title: The Fall of South Vietnam (game)

abstract: The Fall of South Vietnam, subtitled "A Game of Combat in South Vietnam – 1973-1975", is a board wargame published by Yaquinto Publications in 1981 that simulates the final months of the Vietnam War. Reviewers found it too simplistic to cover the complex military situation in South Vietnam.

text:
# The Fall of South Vietnam (game)

***The Fall of South Vietnam***, subtitled "A Game of Combat in South Vietnam – 1973-1975", is a board wargame published by Yaquinto Publications in 1981 that simulates the final months of the Vietnam War. Reviewers found it too simplistic to cover the complex military situation in South Vietnam.

## Background

With the withdrawal of American forces from South Vietnam in 1973, North and South Vietnamese forces sparred for control of territory. In December 1974, North Vietnam began a major offensive, which would end with the fall of Saigon at the end of April 1975.

## Description

*The Fall of South Vietnam* is a two-player board wargame in which one player controls North Vietnam forces that are invading the South, and the other player controls the South Vietnam forces. The game focuses on control of the provinces. South Vietnamese forces are plagued by the possibility of desertion as the North starts to take over provinces.

### Gameplay

The game uses an alternating "I Go, You Go" series of turns, where the North Vietnamese player moves and attacks, followed by the South Vietnamese player. The game lasts for eight turns.

## Publication history

Neil Zimmerer created several introductory "beer & pretzels" board games for Yaquinto, including *The Fall of South Vietnam* in 1981. The game was published in a double LP-sized folder with the game map printed on the inside of the folder.

## Reception

In Issue 20 of *The Wargamer*, Walter Oppenheim was not impressed with the game, commenting, "As a re-creation of history, the game is nonsense." Oppenheim did admit "Of course, it's only meant as a short and simple game, so we mustn’t expect too much", but concluded, "This game will tell you about as much about the war in Vietnam as *Monopoly* shows how Real Estate Agents work."

In Issue 59 of *Moves*, American historian John Prados noted "The most appealing feature of *Fall of South Vietnam* must be the quick pace of the game. The whole can be finished in about two hours, maybe three for two inexperienced garners. Action is direct and results immediate." Prados concluded, "Players desiring a fullscale operational game on the Vietnamese war will not find it here \[...\] *Fall of South Vietnam* is definitely for the player who wants a quick light game."


title: Möggers

abstract: Möggers is a municipality in the district of Bregenz in the Austrian state of Vorarlberg.

text:
# Möggers

**Möggers** is a municipality in the district of Bregenz in the Austrian state of Vorarlberg.

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1869 | 413 |  |
| 1880 | 406 | −1.7% |
| 1890 | 433 | +6.7% |
| 1900 | 438 | +1.2% |
| 1910 | 417 | −4.8% |
| 1923 | 411 | −1.4% |
| 1934 | 461 | +12.2% |
| 1939 | 388 | −15.8% |
| 1951 | 405 | +4.4% |
| 1961 | 429 | +5.9% |
| 1971 | 422 | −1.6% |
| 1981 | 394 | −6.6% |
| 1991 | 548 | +39.1% |
| 2001 | 561 | +2.4% |
| 2011 | 536 | −4.5% |

## InfoBox

| Möggers | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location in the district | |
| MöggersLocation within Austria | |
| Coordinates: 47°34′00″N 09°49′00″E / 47.56667°N 9.81667°E / 47.56667; 9.81667 | |
| Country | Austria |
| State | Vorarlberg |
| District | Bregenz |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Georg Bantel since 1980 |
| Area | |
| Total | 11.45 km2 (4.42 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 948 m (3,110 ft) |
| Population (2018-01-01) | |
| Total | 534 |
| Density | 47/km2 (120/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 6900 |
| Area code | 05573 |
| Vehicle registration |  |
| Website | www.riskommunal.at/
moeggers |


title: Novempopulania

abstract: Novempopulania was one of the provinces created by Diocletian out of Gallia Aquitania, which was also called Aquitania Tertia.

text:
# Novempopulania

**Novempopulania** (Latin for "country of the nine peoples") was one of the provinces created by Diocletian (Roman emperor from 284 to 305) out of Gallia Aquitania, which was also called ***Aquitania Tertia***.

## Early Roman period

The area of Novempopulania was first named *Aquitania*, as it was where the Aquitani dwelt. The territory extended within the triangular area outlined by the River Garonne, the Pyrenees and the Bay of Biscay, as described by Julius Caesar in his *Commentarii de Bello Gallico* for Gallia Aquitania. In his work, Caesar describes the Aquitani as being different in language and body type from their northerly neighbours and more similar to the Celtiberians. The province of Aquitania was enlarged by Augustus and began to signify a larger and more diverse territory.

## Late antiquity

The name Novempopulania stands for the nine peoples making up the original territory (Aquitania Tertia). It seems clear that at the time of the lower empire (2nd to 4th century), the nine peoples were granted by the emperor the right to detach from the Gauls proper (Celts) by means of the *magister pagi* Verus and, as a result, a celebrating altar was erected which was dedicated to the deity of the pagus. This fact is accounted for by the remains of the altar unearthed in the current Basque town of Hasparren.

The newly acquired status may have affected not only the tax system but the conscription and military order too, since two separate bodies were created within Aquitania, i.e. the "Cohortes Aquitanorum" for old Aquitanians and "Cohortes Aquitanorum Biturigum" for those of proper Gaulish origin.

The number of peoples went on to be twelve later, the tribes being identified with a corresponding capital town or *civitas*, namely Civitas Ausciorum, Civ. Aquensium, Civ. Lactoratium, Civ. Convenarum, Civ. Consorannorum, Civ. Boatium, Civ. Benarnensium, Civ. Aturensium, Civ. Vasatica, Civ. Turba, Civ. Illoronensium and Civ. Elusatium. These civitas are in turn identifiable with present-day towns and cities as follows: Auch, Dax, Lectoure, Comminges, Couserans, Buch and Born, Béarn or Lescar, Aire-sur-l'Adour, Bazas, Tarbes, Oloron, Eauze. Elusa (Eauze) remained the capital city of Novempopulania throughout most of its existence.

Wide evidence of stone inscriptions have been found scattered all over the area which constitutes Novempopulania. These recordings feature names of deities, persons and places with easily identifiable similarities to present-day Basque, a fact that provides, along with current and ancient place-names north of the Pyrenees (e.g. *Illiberris* mentioned by Ptolemy on the eastern fringes of Novempopulania) and traces of Basque in the Gascon language (especially in the Béarnese dialect), the basis for an Aquitanian proto-Basque theory.

In 418, in the stir of the crumbling rule of the Roman Empire and its territories overrun by Germanic tribes, emperor Honorius allocated Aquitania to the Visigoths as *foederati*, with their tribes settling on the fringes of Novempopulania at both banks of the River Garonne as far south as Toulouse, where they established their seat. Other than this, their power tenure over Novempopulania may have been more nominal than real. Furthermore, after the 507 Battle of Vouille, they were expelled from the area by the Franks.

Accounts of events taking place at that time on the territory of Novempopulania are confusing and blurred, and so are the names of the peoples and their geographical locations, who are as of now dubbed *Vascones*, *Wasconia*, *Guasconia* (as opposed to the *Spanoguasconia*, according to the Ravenna Cosmography) with no clear boundaries. At that point, Vascones had taken on an extended meaning arguably encompassing all Basque-language tribes, different from the more restricted definition provided at the time of Augustus.

The crisis of Late antiquity brought about much unrest and turmoil in Novempopulania, where the bagaudae and Vascon raids that occurred later on are often mentioned in various documents. Novempopulania was to become the core region of the Duchy of Vasconia, which was established by the Franks at the beginning of the 7th century with a view to holding back the Basques, but which often conducted a semi-autonomous governance of Basque-Aquitanian background. It later split into the Duchy of Gascony and the County of Vasconia.

## InfoBox

| *Aquitania novempopulana*
Akitania bederatzi lagun (Basque) | |
| --- | --- |
| Province of Western Roman Empire | |
| 3rd century–626 | |
|
Novempopulania around 600 | |
| Capital | Elusa (Eauze) |
|  | |
| Historical era | Antiquity |
|  | |
| Established | 3rd century |
| Disestablished | 626 |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Today part of | France |


title: 10 de 30

abstract:
10 de 30 is a literary project conducted by the Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation (AECID), with the goal of identifying and promoting the best young writers in Spain. Ten writers are chosen in each edition of "10 de 30", all between the ages of 30 and 40. The project began in 2019, and an anthology featuring the works of the ten selected authors was published, in both Spanish and English. The featured authors in this first edition were:
  - Aroa Moreno
  - Almudena Sánchez
  - Alejandro Morellón
  - Inés Martín Rodrigo
  - Miguel Barrero
  - Pablo Herrán
  - Inma López Silva
  - Marina Perezagua
  - Natàlia Cerezo
  - Cristina Morales The judges were Ernesto Pérez Zuñiga, Luisgé Martín, Cristina Sánchez Andrade, Laura Revuelta and Javier Serena. A second anthology was published in 2020, featuring a second group of 10 writers. The judges this time were Marcos Giralt Torrente, Clara Obligado, José Ovejero, Nuria Barrios and Javier Serena. They were:
  - Aixa de la Cruz
  - Katixa Agirre
  - Álex Chico
  - Florencia del Campo
  - Jordi Nopca
  - Irene Vallejo
  - Cristian Crusat
  - Gabriela Ybarra
  - Sabina Urraca
  - Juan Gómez Bárcena A third and final edition appeared in 2021. The judges were Valerie Miles, Carlos Zanón, Cristina Fuentes, Carlos Pardo and Javier Serena. The selected authors were:
  - Raquel Taranilla
  - Munir Hachemi
  - Margarita Leoz
  - Elena Medel
  - David Aliaga
  - Irene Solà
  - Laura Fernández
  - Miqui Otero
  - Matías Candeira
  - Elisa Ferrer Several of these writers were also featured by Granta magazine in their selection of promising young Spanish writers, published in 2021.

text:
# 10 de 30

**10 de 30** is a literary project conducted by the Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation (AECID), with the goal of identifying and promoting the best young writers in Spain. Ten writers are chosen in each edition of "10 de 30", all between the ages of 30 and 40.

The project began in 2019, and an anthology featuring the works of the ten selected authors was published, in both Spanish and English. The featured authors in this first edition were:

The judges were Ernesto Pérez Zuñiga, Luisgé Martín, Cristina Sánchez Andrade, Laura Revuelta and Javier Serena.

A second anthology was published in 2020, featuring a second group of 10 writers. The judges this time were Marcos Giralt Torrente, Clara Obligado, José Ovejero, Nuria Barrios and Javier Serena. They were:

A third and final edition appeared in 2021. The judges were Valerie Miles, Carlos Zanón, Cristina Fuentes, Carlos Pardo and Javier Serena. The selected authors were:

Several of these writers were also featured by Granta magazine in their selection of promising young Spanish writers, published in 2021.


title: Niloufar Salehi

abstract: Niloufar Salehi is an American-Iranian computer scientist who is an assistant professor in the School of Information at the University of California, Berkeley. She works on human–computer interaction in a broad array of sectors.

text:
# Niloufar Salehi

**Niloufar Salehi** is an American-Iranian computer scientist who is an assistant professor in the School of Information at the University of California, Berkeley. She works on human–computer interaction in a broad array of sectors.

## Early life and education

Salehi became interested in mathematics as a teenager. She was an undergraduate student in Iran and studied computer engineering at Sharif University of Technology. She completed her doctoral research at Stanford University. She studied and developed technologies to enable the organizing of communities online. During her doctorate she created Hive, a system that places communities into small teams, then rotates team membership (using an optimization algorithm) to intermix viewpoints. Hive was used by Mozilla when they were working on improving accessibility to Firefox. As a doctoral researcher, Salehi worked on *Dynamo*, an organizing platform for Amazon Mechanical Turk workers.

## Research and career

Salehi was appointed a professor at the University of California, Berkeley in 2018. She studies human–computer interaction and human centred AI. In 2020, Salehi was awarded a National Science Foundation grant to investigate restorative justice, and evaluate how it can be used to investigate conflicts on social media. She has studied YouTube's recommendation algorithms and how social media content creators navigate their online experiences.

Salehi was supported by Facebook Research to investigate how Muslims tackle anti-Muslim hate speech online. Her research revealed that there was organized targeting of Muslims, and that Muslim Americans were constantly trying to re-claim their narrative. For instance, in response to one of Trump's presidential debates, Muslim Americans shared their experiences of Islamophobia sometimes using humor. She simultaneously started working on an investigation into the impact of school assignment algorithms in the San Francisco Unified School District. The findings were used to encourage community engagement in the design of school zones.

In 2022, Salehi started working with Timnit Gebru on an effective automatic translation tool for high-stake settings, for example, in hospitals.

## Selected publications

* Salehi, Niloufar; Irani, Lilly C.; Bernstein, Michael S.; Alkhatib, Ali; Ogbe, Eva; Milland, Kristy; Clickhappier (2015-04-18). "We Are Dynamo: Overcoming Stalling and Friction in Collective Action for Crowd Workers". *Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems*. New York, NY, USA: ACM. pp. 1621–1630. doi:10.1145/2702123.2702508. ISBN 9781450331456. S2CID 16272139.
* Zhao, Xuan; Salehi, Niloufar; Naranjit, Sasha; Alwaalan, Sara; Voida, Stephen; Cosley, Dan (2013-04-27). "The many faces of facebook". *Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems*. New York, NY, USA: ACM. pp. 1–10. doi:10.1145/2470654.2470656. ISBN 9781450318990. S2CID 30876276.
* Suzuki, Ryo; Salehi, Niloufar; Lam, Michelle S.; Marroquin, Juan C.; Bernstein, Michael S. (2016-05-07). "Atelier: Repurposing Expert Crowdsourcing Tasks as Micro-internships". *Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems*. New York, NY, USA: ACM. pp. 2645–2656. doi:10.1145/2858036.2858121. ISBN 9781450333627. S2CID 991732.

## InfoBox

| Niloufar Salehi | |
| --- | --- |
| Alma mater | Stanford University <br>Sharif University of Technology |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Institutions | University of California, Berkeley |
| Thesis | *Design for collective action* (2018) |
|  | |


title: Leonardo Marques

abstract: Leonardo Rios Marques is a Brazilian singer songwriter, music producer, sound engineer and owner of the Ilha do Corvo studios, and is one of the founders of the La Femme Qui Roule. record label. He studied at Fundação de Educação Artística in Belo Horizonte, the Silverlake Conservatory of Music in Los Angeles, California and at UFMG.

text:
# Leonardo Marques

**Leonardo Rios Marques** is a Brazilian singer songwriter, music producer, sound engineer and owner of the **Ilha do Corvo** studios, and is one of the founders of the **La Femme Qui Roule**. record label. He studied at Fundação de Educação Artística in Belo Horizonte, the Silverlake Conservatory of Music in Los Angeles, California and at UFMG (Federal University of Minas Gerais).

## Background

Marques was the guitar player of the band **Diesel** (later called Udora). The band was on the main line up of the Rock in Rio III Festival, playing for over 250 thousand people as an opening act for the Red Hot Chili Peppers, Silverchair and Deftones. He moved to Los Angeles with the band and signed a record deal with Clive Davis (J-records/RCA) and worked with Matt Wallace (Maroon 5, Faith no more) Gavin Mackillop (Goo Goo Dolls, Toad the wet sprocket) Camus (David Byrne, Arto Lindsay) Bob Marlette (Black Sabbath, Tracy Chapman, Alice Cooper) e Thom Russo, 16th times Grammy Award (Michael Jackson, Audioslave, Johnny Cash, Maná).

Moving back to Brazil he recorded for Som Livre his last work with **Udora**, co-produced with Henrique Portugal (Skank) and founded the band Transmissor, which has 3 studio records - Sociedade do Crivo Mútuo (2008), Nacional (2011) e De Lá Não Ando Só (2014) - the last one produced by Carlos Eduardo Miranda (Skank, O Rappa, Cansei de Ser Sexy, Mundo Livre SA).

## Solo career

Leonardo Marques has released three solo records - "Dia e noite no mesmo céu” (2012), "Curvas, lados, linhas tortas sujas e discretas” (2015), which was released in Japan by Disk Union, where he toured in 2015, and in 2018 he released his third solo record - “Early Bird” on CD by Think Records/Disk Union in Japan. Also released in the US, Europe and Japan on vinyl through the French record label 180g together with Disk Union.

## Latest Productions

Among with the releases of over 100 records, singles and EPs, in 2018 Rolling Stone magazine featured “Thinking Out Loud” by the band Moons one of the best 25 records of the year which Leonardo recorded, produced, mixed and mastered. Long time collaborator with the band Maglore, He produced together with Rafael Ramos (Titãs, Elza Soares, João Donato, Pitty) the latest two records released by Deck Disc \- "III" (2015) and “Todas as bandeiras” (2017). He also featured as a guitar player on Maglore's 2019 DVD “Maglore Ao Vivo”, recorded at Cine Joia, São Paulo - Brazil.

In October 2018 he recorded Milton Nascimento together with the Californian record producer Jonathan Wilson (Roger Waters, Father John Misty, Dawes, Jackson Browne) the drummer and producer Joey Waronker (R.E.M, Beck, Atoms for peace, Roger Waters) and the bass player and Producer Gus Seyffert (Black Keys, Beck, Dr. Dog, Roger Waters, Norah Jones).

He produced several releases For Natura Musical, including Iconili's latest album, “Quintais”, featured Paulo Santos (Uakti), and Azul Flamingo EP produced together with Pupillo (Nação Zumbi, Céu, Erasmo Carlos, Gal Costa, Nando Reis) and also Teago Oliveira (Maglore) first solo record

In 2020 Leonardo Marques featured on two tracks of Maxime Guiguet's (Blundetto) sixth studio record entitled “Good Good Things”, ten years after his debut with “Bad Bad Things”, featuring also the Moroccan singer Hindi Zahra and Hervé Salters, member of General Elektriks.

## Discography

### Diesel

Diesel (2000)

Independent release

### Udora

Liberty Square (2005)

Goodbye, Alô (2008)

Independent release

### Transmissor

Sociedade do Crivo Mútuo (2008)

Nacional (2011)

De Lá Não Ando Só (2014)

Record Label - Ultra music

### Solo career

Dia e noite no mesmo céu (2012)

Curvas, lados, linhas tortas sujas e discretas (2015)

Early Bird (2018)

Record Label - La Femme aqui Roule

Think Records - Disk Union

180g

### Maglore

III (2015)

Todas as bandeiras (2017)

Maglore Ao vivo (2019)

Record Label - Deck Disc

### Congo Congo

Congo Congo (2017)

Record Label - La Femme Qui Roule

### Blundetto

Good Good Things - (2020)

Record Label - Heavenly sweetness

## InfoBox

| Leonardo Marques | |
| --- | --- |
| Leonardo Marques - Belo Horizonte, MG (2020) by Lucca Mezzacappa | |
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Leonardo Rios Marques |
| Born | (1978-12-02) December 2, 1978 |
| Origin | Belo Horizonte, Brazil |
| Genres | Folk, MPB, Blues, Rock, Alt Rock, Indie Rock |
| Instrument(s) | Guitar, Piano, Keyboards, Bass, Drums, Vocals |
| Labels | Disk Union, La Femme Qui Roule, Think Records, 180g |
|  | |
| Website | https://ilhadocorvo.com/ |


title: MC21-A

abstract: MC21-A (bromophene) is an bactericidal antibiotic isolated from the O-BC30 strain of a new marine bacterium, Pseudoalteromonas phenolica.

text:
# MC21-A

**MC21-A** (**bromophene**) is an bactericidal antibiotic isolated from the O-BC30 strain of a new marine bacterium, *Pseudoalteromonas phenolica*.

## InfoBox

MC21-A
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Names | |
| Preferred IUPAC name 3,3′,5,5′-Tetrabromo\[1,1′-biphenyl\]-2,2′-diol | |
| Other names Bromophene; 2,2'-Dihydroxy-3,3',5,5'-tetrabromobiphenyl; 3,3',5,5'-Tetrabromo-2,2'-biphenyldiol | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number |  |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| ChemSpider |  |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.161.669 |
| MeSH | 3,3',5,5'-tetrabromo-2,2'-biphenyldiol |
| PubChem CID |  |
| RTECS number | * DV5185000 |
| UNII |  |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |  |
| InChI * InChI=1S/C12H6Br4O2/c13-5-1-7(11(17)9(15)3-5)8-2-6(14)4-10(16)12(8)18/h1-4,17-18HKey: TXODBIOSWNNKJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |
| SMILES * C1=C(C=C(C(=C1Br)O)C2=CC(=CC(=C2O)Br)Br)Br | |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C12H6Br4O2 |
| Molar mass | 501.794 g·mol−1 |
| Appearance | Cryst. (CHCl3) |
| Melting point | 205 to 207 °C (401 to 405 °F; 478 to 480 K) |
| Solubility in water | Sol. MeOH, CHCl3
insol. H2O, hexane |
| Related compounds | |
| Related biphenyls | MC21-B
Polybrominated biphenyl |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C \[77 °F\], 100 kPa).  Infobox references | |


title: 1760 in Canada

abstract: Events from the year 1760 in Canada.

text:
# 1760 in Canada

Events from the year **1760 in Canada**.

## Incumbents

### Governors

## Events

* Sunday April 20 – Seven thousand French troops start to recapture Quebec.
* Monday April 28 – Murray's 7,714 troops retire to the Citadel, after fighting the Canadiens outside the walls of Quebec. The French prepare to besiege.
* Friday May 9 – The belligerents, of each nationality, expect a fleet bringing troops and supplies. An approaching frigate proves to be British.
* Thursday May 15 – Two more British war-ships arrive. The British win a naval battle near Quebec.
* Saturday May 17 – The French raise the siege of Quebec.
* Sunday 6 July – Commencement of the Montreal Campaign by General Jeffery Amherst
* Saturday September 6 – Amherst arrives at Montreal.
* September 6 to September 7 – A council of war, at Montreal, favors capitulation.
* Monday September 8 – Amherst's, Murray's, and Haviland's commands, around Montreal, are about 17,000.
* The articles of capitulation are agreeable to the French, except that they do not concede "all the honors of war" or "perpetual neutrality of Canadiens."
* De Levis threatens to retire to St. Helen's Island and fight to the last; but the Governor orders him to disarm.
* Fortress Louisbourg demolished by the British.
* Fall of Montreal and surrender of Great Lakes and Ohio Valley French forts to English. Lord Jeffery Amherst starts a "get tough with Indians" policy, including the first biological warfare --smallpox-infested blankets. Amherst granted some Seneca (originally his allies) lands to his officers. Odawa chief Pontiac (and the Delaware Prophet) organize a resistance preaching return to traditional Indian customs. The 1761 draft Proclamation (to English governors), and the Royal Proclamation of 1763 (with a large Indian country in what's now the U.S. Great Lakes/Midwest) were part of the English Crown's attempt to mollify the Indians. Neither proclamation of undisturbed Indian lands was followed by settlers or the Crown.
* The British Conquest. General James Murray is appointed first British military governor of Quebec.

## Births

## Deaths

## Historical documents

To avoid frostbite, orders are issued that Quebec City garrison be supplied with moccasins "for any duty whatsoever"

French train for planned escalade of Quebec City by climbing ladders against snow walls, "to the great amusement of the women and children"

British destroy gristmill and granary supporting Hôtel-Dieu nuns, who are threatened with banishment if they continue to correspond with French

French force of 10,000 repels attack of James Murray's 3,000 troops near Quebec City (its garrison having lost thousands to scurvy and winter)

"In the greatest confusion" - French abandon trenches outside Quebec (along with artillery, baggage etc.) when British ships arrive and attack

Governor General Vaudreuil stretches truth about Canada's prospects for victory in letter to militia commanders

Merchant at Quebec City expects no sale of goods shipped in "untill some decisive blow is struck\[...\]to open\[...\]a free Commerce with the Inhabitants"

Ursulines' agent in France regrets he's not able to send them assistance they need, but glad British "are making a very humane use of their victory"

Warships from Louisbourg destroy French supply ships waiting at Restigouche because British squadron has preceded them up St. Lawrence River

North American commander-in-chief Jeffery Amherst relates 7-week campaign down St. Lawrence (with scores drowned in rapids) to take Montreal

Murray relates month-long campaign up St. Lawrence to Montreal, gaining submission of parishes along way (except Sorel) as French retreat

"The Canadians are surrendering every-where" - British column from Quebec learns they are "terrified" of Johnson's approaching Indigenous fighters

Amherst announces Vaudreuil's and Canada's capitulation, noting French-aligned Indigenous people "shewed the utmost Complaisance to our Army"

Text of capitulation specifies continued enslavement of "Negroes and Panis" by their French and Canadian owners, except those made prisoner

Lt. John Knox tours Montreal and is more impressed with its gardens and "gay and sprightly" inhabitants than its defences

At conference with William Johnson, people of Kahnawake request liquor be banned, trade regulated, priests subsidized and home ground preserved

Military governors are authorized to commission current militia officers and have them collect civilian arms and settle minor disputes

"We now have none to make us afraid" - Boston sermon celebrates conquest of Canada, where "our Religion & Liberty" can now be propagated

Robert Rogers sends message to Detroit commandant to remove French garrison, and assures Wendat sachems that he comes in peace

Rogers accepts surrender of Detroit, directs capture of French forces south to Ohio River and makes treaty with Indigenous nations

For France, climate and expense of Canada make it "not worth their asking" in peace negotiations, unless to further contend for colonies

Indigenous people mention canoe routes between Fort Toronto and Lake Huron and to Thames River and Lake St. Clair

Nova Scotia Council to deport hundreds of Acadians from Chignecto region and Saint John River to make room for settlers from Europe

"Peace and Friendship" treaties signed or renewed by Nova Scotia government and Mi'kmaw, Wolastoqiyik (Maliseet), and Passamaquoddy peoples

"Great Incouragement to Industry" - Nova Scotia's bounties on hay, hemp, flax and oats, plus "good and sufficient Stone Wall" on Halifax Peninsula

Because of dung and garbage that butchers leave in streets, Halifax will have public slaughterhouse to provide meat to public market

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Decades: |  |
| See also: |  |


title: Sorhagenia daedala

abstract: Sorhagenia daedala is a moth in the family Cosmopterigidae. It was described by Ronald W. Hodges in 1964. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from California.

text:
# Sorhagenia daedala

***Sorhagenia daedala*** is a moth in the family Cosmopterigidae. It was described by Ronald W. Hodges in 1964. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from California.

## InfoBox

| *Sorhagenia daedala* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Cosmopterigidae |
| Genus: | *Sorhagenia* |
| Species: | ***S. daedala*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Sorhagenia daedala***<br>Hodges, 1964 | |
|


title: Villa Rothschild

abstract: The Villa Rothschild is a historic mansion in Cannes. It was built in 1881 for Betty de Rothschild (1805-1886), James Mayer de Rothschild's widow. It has been listed as an official historical monument since 1991. It was turned into a media library and carries the commercial name "médiathèque Noailles".

text:
# Villa Rothschild

The **Villa Rothschild** is a historic mansion in Cannes. It was built in 1881 for Betty de Rothschild (1805-1886), James Mayer de Rothschild's widow. It has been listed as an official historical monument since 1991. It was turned into a media library and carries the commercial name "médiathèque Noailles".

## History

The land (where the Villa Marie-Thèrese was standing) was acquired by Betty de Rothschild in 1881, and marked the first time a Rothschild planned the construction of an estate in Southwestern France. The local architect Charles Baron was commissioned to build the villa in 1882. The park was modelled on the Château de Ferrières' park.

Betty de Rothschild lived in the villa until her death (1886). It then belonged to her oldest son Alphonse James de Rothschild (1827–1905), and then to his son Édouard Alphonse James de Rothschild (1868-1949).

The villa was sold to the city of Cannes in 1952.

## Description

This neo-classical 5-story villa has 40 rooms and 28 bedrooms. The back entrance's wood-sculpted wall boards are from the Hôtel Talleyrand in Paris.

## InfoBox

| Villa Rothschild | |
| --- | --- |
| The Villa Rothschild in 2013 | |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Type | House |
| Address | 7 avenue Jean-de-Noailles |
| Town or city | Cannes |
| Country | France |
| Coordinates | 43°33′06″N 7°00′09″E / 43.5516°N 7.0025°E / 43.5516; 7.0025 |
| Completed | 1881 |


title: The Gold Record

abstract: The Gold Record is the seventh studio album by American punk rock band the Bouncing Souls and was released on June 6, 2006. The band deemed this release to be 'the release of the beast' in reference to the date (6/6/06) being similar to the number of the beast (666). The album includes two covers, of "Lean on Sheena" by Avoid One Thing and "Better Things" by The Kinks. "Letter from Iraq" is based on a poem sent to the band by Garett Reppenhagen, a soldier serving in Iraq.

text:
# The Gold Record

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic |  |
| ThePunkSite.com | link |

***The Gold Record*** is the seventh studio album by American punk rock band the Bouncing Souls and was released on June 6, 2006. The band deemed this release to be 'the release of the beast' in reference to the date (6/6/06) being similar to the number of the beast (666).

The album includes two covers, of "Lean on Sheena" by Avoid One Thing and "Better Things" by The Kinks. "Letter from Iraq" is based on a poem sent to the band by Garett Reppenhagen, a soldier serving in Iraq.

## Release

On February 9, 2006, the Bouncing Souls' next album was announced for release in four months' time. In March and April 2005, they went on tours of Japan (with Street Dogs), New Zealand, and Australia. The album's track listing was posted online on April 11, 2006, followed by the artwork and album's title nine days later. On April 25, 2006, "The Gold Song" was made available for free download through Epitaph Records' website; "The Pizza Song" followed on May 23, 2006. On June 2, 2006, *The Gold Record* was made available for streaming through Warped Tour's website, ahead of its release four days later through Epitaph Records. Leading up to this, the band held a week-long series of shows at the Knitting Factory in New York City. On June 19, 2006, a music video was released for "The Pizza Song". They promoted the album by touring on the entirety of the 2006 Warped Tour; on August 8, 2006, the album was released as a vinyl picture disc on their own label Chunksaah Records.

Between October and December 2006, the band embarked on their headlining US tour, dubbed Gold Tour. They were supported by Street Dogs, Whole Wheat Bread, the World/Inferno Friendship Society, and Left Alone. In January 2007, the Bouncing Souls performed at a special event marking a Warped Tour exhibition at the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. In February 2007, they went on a tour of the UK with the Draft. On March 30, 2007, the music video for "Lean on Sheena" was posted online. In April and May 2007, the band embarked on a Canadian tour with Strike Anywhere, the Loved Ones, and Static Radio. In May and June 2007, the Bouncing Souls played three shows in Japan, and performed four US East Coast shows, which included an appearance at the School of Rock Festival.

In September 2007, the band appeared at the Bumbershoot festival, and went on a short East Coast tour the following month with Modern Life Is War, the World/Inferno Friendship Society, and the Low Budgets. They ended the year with a tour of Australia in November and December 2007, and a trio of holiday shows at The Stone Pony in Asbury Park, New Jersey. For the three shows, the band played 60 different tracks from their catalogue. Bookending appearances at the Bamboozle Left and The Bamboozle festivals, the band went on a short US tour in April 2008 with Dead to Me, Static Radio NJ, Tim Barry, and the Gaslight Anthem. Following this, the band appeared on Warped Tour again for two weeks in July 2008, and went on a short tour in September 2008. They then appeared at Riot Fest in October 2008, and played a handful of shows with Strike Anywhere, the Casting One, Gimme Drugs, Youth Brigade, Kevin Seconds, and Nothington. They ended the year with a performance at Fun Fun Fun Fest.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Greg Attonito, Pete Steinkopf, Bryan Kienlen, and Michael McDermott, except where noted

The Gold Record
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "The Gold Song" |  | 3:16 |
| 2. | "So Jersey" |  | 4:01 |
| 3. | "Sounds of the City" |  | 2:42 |
| 4. | "The Pizza Song" |  | 3:43 |
| 5. | "Sarah Saturday" |  | 3:46 |
| 6. | "Better Things" (The Kinks cover) | Ray Davies | 3:27 |
| 7. | "The Messenger" |  | 4:20 |
| 8. | "Lean on Sheena" (Avoid One Thing cover) | Joe Gittleman | 3:20 |
| 9. | "Letter from Iraq" | The Bouncing Souls, Garett Reppenhagen | 2:57 |
| 10. | "The New Thing" |  | 3:11 |
| 11. | "Midnight Mile" |  | 2:52 |
| 12. | "For All the Unheard" |  | 6:49 |
| Total length: | | | 44:24 |

## Personnel

The Bouncing SoulsAdditional musicians

## Charts

| Chart (2006) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| US Billboard 200 | 141 |
| Top Heatseekers | 5 |
| Top Independent Albums | 10 |

## InfoBox

| The Gold Record | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by the Bouncing Souls | |
| Released | June 6, 2006 |
| Recorded | January 2006 |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 44:24 |
| Label | Epitaph |
| Producer | Ted Hutt |
| The Bouncing Souls chronology | |
| *Anchors Aweigh*
(2003) ***The Gold Record***
(2006) *20th Anniversary Series*
(2009) | |


title: Mögglingen (Gmünd) station

abstract: Mögglingen (Gmünd) station is a railway stop in the municipality of Mögglingen, located in the Ostalbkreis district in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. The station lies on the Rems Railway. The train services are operated by Go-Ahead Baden-Württemberg.

text:
# Mögglingen (Gmünd) station

**Mögglingen (Gmünd) station** is a railway stop in the municipality of Mögglingen, located in the Ostalbkreis district in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. The station lies on the Rems Railway. The train services are operated by Go-Ahead Baden-Württemberg.

## InfoBox

| Mögglingen (Gmünd) | |
| --- | --- |
| Hp | |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Location | Bahnhofstraße 3
73563 Mögglingen
Baden-Württemberg
Germany |
| Coordinates | 48°49′30″N 09°57′32″E / 48.82500°N 9.95889°E / 48.82500; 9.95889 |
| Elevation | 413 m (1,355 ft) |
| Owned by | DB Netz |
| Operated by | DB Station&Service |
| Line(s) |  |
| Platforms | 2 side platforms |
| Tracks | 2 |
| Train operators | Go-Ahead Baden-Württemberg |
| Connections |  |
| Construction | |
| Parking | yes |
| Bicycle facilities | yes |
| Accessible | Yes |
| Other information | |
| Station code | 4150 |
| DS100 code | TMOE |
| IBNR | 8004053 |
| Category | 6 |
| Fare zone | OAM: 2398 |
| Website | www.bahnhof.de |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station Arverio Baden-Württemberg Following station  Böbingen (Rems)towards Stuttgart Hbf  MEX 13  Aalen Hbftowards Crailsheim | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location  Mögglingen (Gmünd)Location within Baden-WürttembergMögglingen (Gmünd)Location within GermanyMögglingen (Gmünd)Location within Europe | |


title: Notgrove Railway Cutting

abstract: Notgrove Railway Cutting is a 1.7-hectare (4.2-acre) geological Site of Special Scientific Interest in Gloucestershire, notified in 1974. The site is listed in the 'Cotswold District' Local Plan 2001-2011 as a Key Wildlife Site (KWS) and Regionally Important Geological Site (RIGS).

text:
# Notgrove Railway Cutting

**Notgrove Railway Cutting** (grid reference SP086209) is a 1.7-hectare (4.2-acre) geological Site of Special Scientific Interest in Gloucestershire, notified in 1974. The site is listed in the 'Cotswold District' Local Plan 2001-2011 (on line) as a Key Wildlife Site (KWS) and Regionally Important Geological Site (RIGS).

## Location and geology

The site (formerly Notgrove Railway Cuttings), near Notgrove and Salperton, is in the Cotswold Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, and is a 'famous' geological site which yields excellent exposures of part of the Middle Jurassic, Upper Inferior Oolite period. Notgrove Freestone is the lowest formation which may be seen, and this is topped by a 'fine' example of 'hardground'. This is a thin layer of tough limestone (formed as a result of environmental changes). The tough limestone is overlain by Upper Trigonia Grit above which is approximately 12 m of Clypeus grit. The latter is considered to be the best, and most complete, section of such Grit in the Cotswolds, and is significant for research. There is a rich fossil fauna, and there have been several significant ammonite discoveries. The site is of national importance for geological research.

## SSSI Source

## InfoBox

Notgrove Railway Cutting
| Site of Special Scientific Interest | |
| --- | --- |
| Notgrove Railway Cutting | |
| Location within Gloucestershire | |
| Location | Gloucestershire |
| Grid reference | SP086209 |
| Coordinates | 51°53′13″N 1°52′33″W / 51.887042°N 1.875726°W / 51.887042; -1.875726 |
| Interest | Geological |
| Area | 1.7 hectare |
| Notification | 1974 |
| Natural England website | |


title: Nils Nilsson Skaar

abstract: Nils Nilsson Skaar was a Norwegian teacher, farmer, editor, and parliamentary representative from the Fykse Sound in the municipality of Kvam in Hordaland county.

text:
# Nils Nilsson Skaar

**Nils Nilsson Skaar** (March 28, 1852 – June 12, 1948) was a Norwegian teacher, farmer, editor, and parliamentary representative from the Fykse Sound in the municipality of Kvam in Hordaland county.

## Family

Skaar was born at the Botnen farm at the head of the Fykse Sound in Vikør (now Kvam), the son of Nils Nilsson Skaar (1826–1909), also a mayor and parliamentary representative, and Blansa Nilsdotter Rykkje (1826–1908). His uncle Johannes Skaar (1828–1904) was a Norwegian bishop and hymnologist.

## Career

Skaar served as mayor for 20 years and had a permanent seat in the Storting for a total of 15 years (for Søndre Bergenhus from 1886 to 1894, and for Hardanger from 1910 to 1915), and he also participated in another two sessions. He was a member of the Liberal Party. In the Storting he served on the budget and constitution committees, among other positions. He also operated the newspaper *Hordaland Folkeblad*. Skaar was a county auditor from 1898 to 1910, and he attended the coronation of King Haakon VII and his wife Queen Maud in Trondheim in 1906.


title: Leon Polk Smith

abstract: Leon Polk Smith (1906–1996) was an American painter. His geometrically oriented abstract paintings were influenced by Piet Mondrian and he is a follow er of the Hard-edge school. His best-known paintings constitute maximally reduced forms, characterized by just two colors on a canvas meeting in a sharply delineated edge, often on an unframed canvas of unusual shape. His work is represented in many museums in the United States, Europe, and South America. Thanks to a generous bequest from the artist, the Brooklyn Museum has 27 of his paintings on permanent display.

text:
# Leon Polk Smith

**Leon Polk Smith** (1906–1996) was an American painter. His geometrically oriented abstract paintings were influenced by Piet Mondrian and he is a follow er of the Hard-edge school. His best-known paintings constitute maximally reduced forms, characterized by just two colors on a canvas meeting in a sharply delineated edge, often on an unframed canvas of unusual shape. His work is represented in many museums in the United States, Europe, and South America. Thanks to a generous bequest from the artist, the Brooklyn Museum has 27 of his paintings on permanent display.

## Early life

Smith was born near Chickasha, a year before Oklahoma became a state. His parents, William and Samantha Smith, had arrived in present-day Oklahoma from Tennessee at the end of the 19th century, and had settled on land with the Chickasaw Nation and Choctaw Nation in Indian Territory. Smith was the eighth of nine children and labored on his parents' modest homestead throughout an impecunious childhood. After high school, he worked as a ranch-hand in Oklahoma, then built roads and constructed telephone systems in Arizona. During this period Smith sent money home to help his parents with the mortgage on their land, but even the aggregate of the family's funds proved insufficient to avoid foreclosure.

After the foreclosure, and released from the burden of familial financial support, Smith enrolled at Oklahoma State College (now East Central University), in Ada, Oklahoma, with the intention of becoming a teacher. Following graduation, he moved to New York City (1936), where he attended the Columbia University Teacher's College. Smith's artistic development was set in motion during his first semester at Columbia, when one of his teachers took him to see the Gallatin Collection, then at New York University. The sight of paintings by Mondrian and sculpture by Constantin Brâncuși and Jean Arp was a formative experience.

## Career

### Art

Smith had his first show in New York City at the Uptown Gallery in 1941. In the decade that followed, Smith moved through preliminary explorations of neo-plasticism and began to paint in a more hard-edge style, typified by geometric lines, curving shapes of color, and the use of tondo (disk-shaped) canvases. A review for a 1956 solo show at the Camino Gallery noted Smith as a Geometric painter, who had "extended De Stijl principles to include tonal variations and nonrectilinear elements." Smith acknowledged his debt to the De Stijl movement and to Mondrian, but stated that he was looking in his work to take the road beyond: "people said \[Mondrian\] had hit a dead end, or a stone wall and I said I don't think so."

As late as 1962, he continued to receive notifications for derivative influence: the "flawlessly executed" bas-reliefs of his exhibition for Eleanor Ward at the Stable Gallery were typified as "Arpish."

But with the support of prominent gallerists in the late 1950s, by the mid-60s Smith had found an audience for his work as an independent voice. His artwork was included in two important group exhibitions, *The Responsive Eye* at the Museum of Modern Art (1965) and *Systemic Painting* at the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum (1966). His two important series of the period, *Correspondences* and *Constellations* impressed reviewers with their interplay of form, color, and space.

He introduced his *Constellation* series at the Galerie Chalette in 1969.

In 1995, the Brooklyn Museum curated *Leon Polk Smith: American Painter,* a retrospective exhibition of Smith's career.

He was affiliated with numerous other prominent dealers, including Sidney Janis, Charles Egan, Betty Parsons, Galerie Chalette, and Denise René.

### Teaching

From 1939 to 1948, Smith supported himself via teaching and teaching administration. He was State Supervisor of Art Education in Delaware, Assistant Professor of Art at the TC University System of Georgia, and accepted university teaching positions at Rollins College in Florida, New York University, and Mills College of Education in New York.

## Legacy

Smith died in Manhattan in 1996, with an acknowledged position in the development of American geometric abstraction. He had arrived at geometry before others and remained steadfastly loyal to its principles, cultivating aspects of scale and simplicity that presaged the Hard-Edge and Minimal painting styles of the late 1950s and '60s. Younger painters like Ellsworth Kelly, Jack Youngerman and Al Held visited his studio and came away inspired. But he cultivated a maverick attitude as a New York outsider that resisted definition as part of any single contemporary movement on the arts scene. This challenged his reviewers, as they looked for soundbites to describe his status and his work. When asked for his inspirations at a post-commencement speech roundtable, Smith cited the two professors of English who opened his mind to the beauty of Middle-English and Poetry, rather than name-dropping his contemporaries or artistic mentors.

The Leon Polk Smith Foundation was established by the artist before his death to "preserve and promote the art and legacy of Leon Polk Smith."

## Exhibitions

### Group

### Solo

* *Paintings & Sculpture,* the Stable Gallery (1962)
* *Torn Drawings,* Galerie Chalette (1965)
* *Constellations,* Galerie Chalette, (1969)
* *Leon Polk Smith: Retrospective,* Galerie Denise Rene, (1975)
* *Recent Work,* Washburn Galleries, Uptown & Downtown (1981)
* *Leon Polk Smith: American Painter,* the Brooklyn Museum (1995)

### Posthumous

## Quotations

*"It is very important that the dealer understands the artist's work and \[has the\] ability to talk about it intelligently. I have heard dealers say: 'I know what I like and I think that is enough.' Enough for a cow but not a dealer."*

## Further reading

* Rapaport, Brooke Kamin, et al. *Leon Polk Smith: American Painter.* The Brooklyn Museum, Brooklyn, NY, (1995).
* Yau, John. *Leon Polk Smith.* Lisson Gallery, New York, NY (2017).

## InfoBox

| Leon Polk Smith | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Leon Polk Smith
(1906-05-20)May 20, 1906
Chickasha, Territory of Oklahoma |
| Died | December 4, 1996(1996-12-04) (aged 90)
New York, New York |
| Nationality | American |
| Education | Pocasset High School; East Central University, BA; Columbia University Teacher's College, MA |
| Known for | Painting |
| Notable work | *Stonewall,* (1956) |
| Movement | De Stijl, Hard-edge School, Minimalism |
| Partner | Robert Mead Jamieson (from ~1951) |


title: Soriano's yellow-shouldered bat

abstract: Soriano's yellow-shouldered bat, is an extant species of leaf-nosed bat indigenous to Bolivia and Venezuela, although its precise distribution is uncertain. Following the postulation of the species in 2005, S. sorianoi requires contemporary information relating its distribution, environment, and population, along with formal a comparison with S. erythromos and S. bogotensis. Without sufficient data, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) presently considers the taxonomy for S. sorianoi as incomplete.

text:
# Soriano's yellow-shouldered bat

**Soriano's yellow-shouldered bat** (***Sturnira sorianoi***), is an extant species of leaf-nosed bat indigenous to Bolivia and Venezuela, although its precise distribution is uncertain. Following the postulation of the species in 2005, *S. sorianoi* requires contemporary information relating its distribution, environment, and population, along with formal a comparison with *S. erythromos* and *S. bogotensis*. Without sufficient data, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) presently considers the taxonomy for *S. sorianoi* as incomplete.

## InfoBox

| Soriano's yellow-shouldered bat | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Data Deficient  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Chiroptera |
| Family: | Phyllostomidae |
| Genus: | *Sturnira* |
| Species: | ***S. sorianoi*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Sturnira sorianoi***
(Sánchez-Hernández, Romero-Almaraz, and Schnell, 2005) | |
|
|  | |


title: The Fishermaid of Ballydavid

abstract: The Fishermaid of Ballydavid is a 1911 American silent film produced by Kalem Company. It was directed by Sidney Olcott with himself and Gene Gauntier in the leading roles.

text:
# The Fishermaid of Ballydavid

***The Fishermaid of Ballydavid*** is a 1911 American silent film produced by Kalem Company. It was directed by Sidney Olcott with himself and Gene Gauntier in the leading roles.

## Cast

## Production notes

The film was shot in Ireland, in Ballydavid, County Kerry and in Howth, County Dublin, during summer 1911.

* Michel Derrien, *Aux origines du cinéma irlandais: Sidney Olcott, le premier oeil*, TIR 2013. ISBN 978-2-917681-20-6 (in French)

## InfoBox

| The Fishermaid of Ballydavid | |
| --- | --- |
| The Pictures (Vol 1 n°11, December 31, 1911). | |
| Directed by | Sidney Olcott |
| Written by | Gene Gauntier |
| Produced by | Kalem Company |
| Starring | Gene Gauntier
Sidney Olcott |
| Cinematography | George K. Hollister |
| Release date | * November 17, 1911 (1911-11-17) |
| Running time | 1000 ft |
| Country | United States |
| Languages | Silent film
(English intertitles) |


title: Myosotis eximia

abstract: Myosotis eximia is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae endemic to the North Island of New Zealand. The species was described by Donald Petrie. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial and erect, and have ebracteate inflorescences with white corollas.

text:
# Myosotis eximia

***Myosotis eximia*** is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae endemic to the North Island of New Zealand. The species was described by Donald Petrie. Plants of this species of forget-me-not are perennial and erect, and have ebracteate inflorescences with white corollas.

## Taxonomy and Etymology

*Myosotis eximia* Petrie is in the plant family Boraginaceae and was originally described in 1915 by Donald Petrie. This species was first collected in December 1914 by Bernard Aston on the slopes of Mt Aorangi, in the Ruahine Ranges, where it formed "continuous patches several feet across, adorned by masses of lovely flowers." at an altitude of 3,900 feet (1,200 m). The species epithet, *eximia*, means "strikingly unusual".

## Phylogeny

*Myosotis eximia* was shown to be a part of the monophyletic southern hemisphere lineage of *Myosotis* in phylogenetic analyses of standard DNA sequencing markers (nuclear ribosomal DNA and chloroplast DNA regions). Within the southern hemisphere lineage, species relationships were not well resolved. The chloroplast sequences of the sole individual of *M. eximia* were more similar to some species with bracteate inflorescences rather than other North Island species with ebracteate inflorescences.

## Description

*Myosotis* *eximia* is an extensively-branched spreading perennial, which forms clusters of tight rosettes with erect, ebracteate flowering stems. The leaves are sparsely covered in dense, straight hairs that lie flat against the leaf. *M. eximia* flowers in December and January; its flowers, which Petrie described as "large and showy, white with a yellow eye", have projecting anthers. The anthers are only 2 mm long, much shorter than their filaments.

The chromosome number of *M. eximia* is 2*n* = 44.

It flowers from December to January and fruits from February to April.

## Distribution and habitat

The species is endemic to New Zealand, and has a very restricted distribution, known only from the Kaimanawa and Ruahine Ranges in the central North Island. It lives in the subalpine to alpine zone, on scree slopes and limestone bluffs. It prefers alkaline soils on limestone or calcareous sandstone.

## Conservation status

*M. eximia* is listed by the Department of Conservation as "At Risk – Naturally Uncommon" on the most recent assessment (2017-2018) of the New Zealand Threat Classification for plants. Its numbers are thought to be stable, with the qualifiers "DP" (Data Poor) and "RR" (Range Restricted). Because of its specialised habitat requirements, its populations are small and localised, but do not seem to be under threat.

## Cultivation

This species grows surprisingly well in gardens, preferring soil with some added lime, and is often for sale in native plant nurseries. It needs a sunny, well drained situation, and will flower heavily even in warm climates far from its natural subalpine habitat.

## InfoBox

| *Myosotis eximia* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Naturally Uncommon (NZ TCS) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Boraginales |
| Family: | Boraginaceae |
| Genus: | *Myosotis* |
| Species: | ***M. eximia*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Myosotis eximia***
Petrie | |
|


title: Yasmin Le Bon

abstract: Yasmin Le Bon is an English model. She was one of the highest-earning models during the 1980s and is also known for being the wife of pop star Simon Le Bon.

text:
# Yasmin Le Bon

**Yasmin Le Bon** (née **Parvaneh**; born 29 October 1964) is an English model. She was one of the highest-earning models during the 1980s and is also known for being the wife of pop star Simon Le Bon.

## Early life

Yasmin Parvaneh was born in Oxford, England, the younger child of an Iranian father and an English mother. Yasmin attended Cherwell School in Oxford.

Her mother worked as a window dresser in Elliston's, a department store in Oxford, when she met Yasmin's father. Her father taught photography at a polytechnic.

## Career

She was spotted by a model scout in Oxford, at the age of 17. She modelled for a local agency while she attended school, and after leaving signed with Models 1 Agency in London. During her career as a fashion model she worked for and was a face for Versace, Chanel, Dior and many others top fashion designers.

In April 1987, she was hired by Guess for an advertising campaign.

She appeared on the cover of the first American and British issues of *Elle* and has also been on the covers of *Vogue*, , *I.D.*, *Cosmopolitan*, *Marie Claire* and *Harper's Bazaar*. As a model, she has also represented Ann Taylor, Banana Republic, Bergdorf Goodman, Biotherm, Bloomingdale's, Bonwit Teller, Calvin Klein, Versace, Chanel, Christian Dior, Clairol, Escada, Filene's, Frasercard, Avon and Gianfranco Ferré.

In 2010 she appeared in Duran Duran's "Girl Panic" video along with Cindy Crawford, Helena Christensen, Naomi Campbell, and Eva Herzigova.

In January 2012, Le Bon wore a gown weighing 50 kg (110 lb) in the Stéphane Rolland spring/summer Haute Couture show in Paris.

## Other endeavours

Le Bon was invited to be one of the drivers in the 2013 Mille Miglia race in Italy. Each year, the three-day event passes through nearly 200 Italian towns from Brescia to Rome and back, recreating the original races which took place between 1927 and 1957. She and her co-driver, David Gandy, were part of Team Jaguar, driving a 1950 Jaguar XK120. Early in the race, Le Bon and Gandy were "pushed off the road by a competitor", which caused body damage to the wing and side of the vintage car. They re-entered the race, ultimately finishing in 158th place out of 415 cars.

## Personal life

In 1984, she met Simon Le Bon, lead singer of the pop rock band Duran Duran, after he had seen her on a magazine cover and spoken with her agent. They married on 27 December 1985, at the register office in her hometown of Oxford. The couple have three children including Amber Le Bon.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Yasmin Le Bon | |
| --- | --- |
| Le Bon in 2011 | |
| Born | Yasmin Parvaneh
(1964-10-29) 29 October 1964
Oxford, England |
| Other names | Yasmin Parvaneh |
| Occupation | Supermodel |
| Years active | 1980s–present |
| Spouse | Simon Le Bon (m. 1985) |
| **Modelling information** | |
| Height | 1.75 m (5 ft 9 in) |
| Hair colour | Dark brown |
| Eye colour | Brown |
| Agency | * The Model CoOp (New York) * Elite Model Management (Paris) * d'management group (Milan) * Models 1 (London) * Place Models (Hamburg) * MIKAs (Stockholm) * Chic Management (Sydney) |
|  | |
| Website | Official website |


title: 123 BC

abstract: Year 123 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Balearicus and Flamininus and the Sixth Year of Yuanshuo. The denomination 123 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

text:
# 123 BC

123 BC in various calendars
| Gregorian calendar | 123 BC
*CXXIII BC* |
| --- | --- |
| Ab urbe condita | 631 |
| Ancient Egypt era | XXXIII dynasty, 201 |
| *\- Pharaoh* | Ptolemy VIII Physcon, 23 |
| Ancient Greek era | 164th Olympiad, year 2 |
| Assyrian calendar | 4628 |
| Balinese saka calendar | *N/A* |
| Bengali calendar | −715 |
| Berber calendar | 828 |
| Buddhist calendar | 422 |
| Burmese calendar | −760 |
| Byzantine calendar | 5386–5387 |
| Chinese calendar | 丁巳年 (Fire Snake)
2575 or 2368
*to*
戊午年 (Earth Horse)
2576 or 2369 |
| Coptic calendar | −406 – −405 |
| Discordian calendar | 1044 |
| Ethiopian calendar | −130 – −129 |
| Hebrew calendar | 3638–3639 |
| Hindu calendars |  |
| \- *Vikram Samvat* | −66 – −65 |
| \- *Shaka Samvat* | *N/A* |
| \- *Kali Yuga* | 2978–2979 |
| Holocene calendar | 9878 |
| Iranian calendar | 744 BP – 743 BP |
| Islamic calendar | 767 BH – 766 BH |
| Javanese calendar | *N/A* |
| Julian calendar | *N/A* |
| Korean calendar | 2211 |
| Minguo calendar | 2034 before ROC
民前2034年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | −1590 |
| Seleucid era | 189/190 AG |
| Thai solar calendar | 420–421 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阴火蛇年
(female Fire-Snake)
4 or −377 or −1149
*to*
阳土马年
(male Earth-Horse)
5 or −376 or −1148 |

Year **123 BC** was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the **Year of the Consulship of Balearicus and Flamininus** (or, less frequently, **year 631 *Ab urbe condita***) and the **Sixth Year of Yuanshuo**. The denomination 123 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

## Events

### By place

#### Roman Republic

#### China

* Spring: The Han General-in-Chief Wei Qing launches two invasions of Xiongnu territory from Dingxiang, defeating two Xiongnu armies and killing or capturing several thousand of the enemy.

* During the second expedition, the force under Su Jian and Zhao Xin is surrounded and almost entirely destroyed by the army of Yizhixie Chanyu. Zhao Xin defects to the Chanyu.
* For these two campaigns, Emperor Wu of Han orders Wei Qing to make his eighteen-year-old nephew Huo Qubing the commander of a force of 800 cavalry. Raiding deep into enemy territory, Huo's force kills or captures a Xiongnu Prime Minister and a Household Administrator, kills the Marquis of Jiruo (an elder relative of Yizhixie Chanyu), and captures the Chanyu's uncle Luogubi.
* A conspiracy led by Liu An, king of Huainan, is discovered. Liu An commits suicide, and his queen and crown prince are executed. Huainan becomes Jiujiang Prefecture.

## Deaths

## InfoBox

| Millennium: | 1st millennium BC |
| --- | --- |
| Centuries: |  |
| Decades: |  |
| Years: |  |


title: Notgrove railway station

abstract: Notgrove railway station was a Gloucestershire station on the Great Western Railway's Banbury and Cheltenham Direct Railway.

text:
# Notgrove railway station

**Notgrove railway station** was a Gloucestershire station on the Great Western Railway's Banbury and Cheltenham Direct Railway.

## History

The station opened in 1881. It was situated about a mile north west of Notgrove village, and at 750' was the highest station on the Banbury-Cheltenham direct line. The station passed on to the Western Region of British Railways on nationalisation in 1948. Intended as a transport hub for the surrounding agricultural area, it never fulfilled its potential. The last passenger service to the station was on 13 October 1962. Goods services between the station and Cheltenham ceased a few days later.

The station site is now a camp site.

| Preceding station |  | Disused railways |  | Following station |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Andoversford Junction
Line and station closed |  | Great Western Railway
Banbury and Cheltenham Direct Railway |  | Bourton-on-the-Water
Line and station closed |

51°53′23″N 1°52′03″W / 51.8896°N 1.8674°W / 51.8896; -1.8674

## InfoBox

| Notgrove | |
| --- | --- |
| General information | |
| Location | Notgrove, Cotswold
England |
| Platforms | 2 |
| Other information | |
| Status | Disused |
| History | |
| Original company | Banbury and Cheltenham Direct Railway |
| Pre-grouping | Great Western Railway |
| Post-grouping | Great Western Railway
Western Region of British Railways |
| Key dates | |
| 1 June 1881 | Opened as *Notgrove and Westfield* |
| 24 June 1896 | Renamed *Notgrove* |
| 15 October 1962 | Station closed |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Tusked goby

abstract: Risor ruber, the Tusked goby, is a species of goby native to reefs of the western Atlantic Ocean from southern Florida to the Bahamas and south to northern Brazil. This species associates with barrel sponges, sometimes living within the sponge. This species can reach a length of 2.5 centimetres (0.98 in) TL. It is currently the only known member of its genus.

text:
# Tusked goby

***Risor ruber***, the **Tusked goby**, is a species of goby native to reefs of the western Atlantic Ocean from southern Florida to the Bahamas and south to northern Brazil. This species associates with barrel sponges, sometimes living within the sponge. This species can reach a length of 2.5 centimetres (0.98 in) TL. It is currently the only known member of its genus.

## InfoBox

| Tusked goby | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Gobiiformes |
| Family: | Gobiidae |
| Genus: | *Risor*
Ginsburg, 1933 |
| Species: | ***R. ruber*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Risor ruber***
(N. Rosén, 1911) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Garmannia rubra* Rosén, 1911 | |


abstract: Nitrogen's effects on agriculture profoundly influence crop growth, soil fertility, and overall agricultural productivity, while also exerting significant impacts on the environment. Nitrogen is an element vital to many environmental processes. Nitrogen plays a vital role in the nitrogen cycle, a complex biogeochemical process that involves the transformation of nitrogen between different chemical forms and its movement through various environmental compartments such as the atmosphere, soil, water, and living organisms. In its natural state, nitrogen exists primarily as a gas (N2) in the atmosphere, making up about 78% of the air we breathe. Nitrogen finds extensive usage across various sectors, primarily in the agriculture industry, and transportation. Its versatility stems from its ability to form numerous compounds, each with unique properties and applications.

text:
# Nitrogen and Non-Protein Nitrogen's effects on Agriculture

**Nitrogen's effects on agriculture** profoundly influence crop growth, soil fertility, and overall agricultural productivity, while also exerting significant impacts on the environment.

Nitrogen is an element vital to many environmental processes. Nitrogen plays a vital role in the nitrogen cycle, a complex biogeochemical process that involves the transformation of nitrogen between different chemical forms and its movement through various environmental compartments such as the atmosphere, soil, water, and living organisms. In its natural state, nitrogen exists primarily as a gas (N2) in the atmosphere, making up about 78% of the air we breathe. Nitrogen finds extensive usage across various sectors, primarily in the agriculture industry, and transportation. Its versatility stems from its ability to form numerous compounds, each with unique properties and applications.

## Impacts on agriculture

Nitrogen is a fundamental nutrient in agriculture, playing a crucial role in plant growth and development. It is an essential component of proteins, enzymes, chlorophyll, and nucleic acids, all of which are essential for various metabolic processes within plants. When discussing the application of nitrogen in agriculture, it is essential to consider the sources of nitrogen used. Synthetic nitrogen fertilizers, such as ammonium nitrate and urea, are commonly applied to crops to replenish soil nitrogen levels and enhance crop productivity These fertilizers provide readily available nitrogen for plant uptake, thereby promoting vigorous vegetative growth and improving yields. However, the excessive or inefficient use of nitrogen fertilizers can lead to environmental problems such as nitrogen leaching, runoff, and emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx). Nitrogen leaching occurs when nitrogen compounds, primarily nitrates, move through the soil profile and enter groundwater, potentially contaminating drinking water sources. To mitigate these environmental impacts, various nitrogen management strategies are employed in agriculture. Soil testing is an essential practice that helps farmers assess the nutrient status of their soils and determine appropriate fertilizer application rates. Nutrient management plans based on soil test results help optimize fertilizer use efficiency while minimizing nitrogen losses to the environment.

## Effects on water quality

Water quality is greatly influenced by nitrogen, which also has an impact on ecosystems in settings that have been modified by humans. Even though nitrogen is a necessary element for life, too much of it in water can have negative effects on aquatic ecosystems and endanger human health. Agricultural runoff, where fertilizers containing nitrogen compounds can seep into rivers, lakes, and groundwater, is one of the main sources of nitrogen in water. Urban areas also release wastewater and add nitrogen through stormwater runoff. The process of eutrophication, in which an abundance of nutrients encourages the growth of algae and other aquatic plants, can be brought on by elevated nitrogen levels in water.

## Non-protein nitrogen

**Non-protein nitrogen** (or NPN) is a term used in animal nutrition to refer collectively to components such as urea, biuret, and ammonia, which are not proteins but can be converted into proteins by microbes in the ruminant stomach. Due to their lower cost compared to plant and animal proteins, their inclusion in a diet can result in economic gain, but at too high levels cause a depression in growth and possible ammonia toxicity, as microbes convert NPN to ammonia first before using that to make protein. NPN can also be used to artificially raise crude protein values, which are measured based on nitrogen content, as protein is about 16% nitrogen and the only major component of most food that contains nitrogen is protein. The source of NPN is typically a chemical feed additive, or sometimes chicken waste, and cattle manure. However, excessive intake of NPN can have adverse effects on animal health and productivity, as well as environmental implications.

### Agricultural effects

In ruminant nutrition, NPN sources such as urea are commonly used as supplements to provide additional nitrogen for microbial protein synthesis in the rumen. Microbes in the rumen can utilize NPN to synthesize microbial protein, which is subsequently digested and absorbed by the animal. This microbial protein serves as a source of amino acids for the animal, supporting growth and productivity, However, excessive consumption of NPN can lead to toxicity issues in ruminants. High levels of ammonia resulting from the breakdown of NPN can disrupt rumen pH balance and microbial activity, leading to conditions such as rumen acidosis and ammonia toxicity. Furthermore, excessive excretion of nitrogen in urine and feces from animals consuming diets high in NPN can contribute to nitrogen pollution in the environment. Nitrogen runoff from agricultural operations can lead to eutrophication of water bodies, harmful algal blooms, and degradation of aquatic ecosystems


title: Nothabraxas

abstract: Nothabraxas is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae, known for their distinctive diamond shaped markings.

text:
# Nothabraxas

***Nothabraxas*** is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae, known for their distinctive diamond shaped markings.

* Pitkin, Brian & Jenkins, Paul. "Search results Family: Geometridae". *Butterflies and Moths of the World*. Natural History Museum, London.

## InfoBox

| *Nothabraxas* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Geometridae |
| Genus: | ***Nothabraxas*** |
|


title: Villiers, South Africa

abstract: Villiers is a small town situated on the banks of the Vaal River next to the N3 highway in the Free State province of South Africa. It was founded in 1882 on the two farms Pearson Valley and Grootdraai owned by Lourens de Villiers.

text:
# Villiers, South Africa

**Villiers** is a small town situated on the banks of the Vaal River next to the N3 highway in the Free State province of South Africa. It was founded in 1882 on the two farms *Pearson Valley* and *Grootdraai* owned by Lourens de *Villiers*.

## Location

The town is located in the north-eastern Free State, in the eastern half of South Africa. It actually lies at the border of the province of Mpumalanga, with the Vaal River forming the border. Nearby towns include (and their distance in km):

Villiers is also located roughly 150 km from Pretoria (South Africa's *de facto* capital city), and approximately 70 km from the city of Vereeniging.

## History

The town of Villiers is named after Lourens de Villiers on whose farms the town was first built. The town was established at the Vaal River crossing on the very important transport route between Durban and Johannesburg. De Villiers started with the subdivision of his farms into erven in 1882 and the town was proclaimed by State President F.W. Reitz on 29 May 1891.

In these early days the Vaal River was the important boundary between the then Orange Free State and the then Transvaal Republic. Both Governments erected toll houses on the banks of the Vaal River at the Villiers wagon crossing points, at the site of the current steel bridge. These toll houses remained in force until the creation of the Union of South Africa on 31 May 1910.

In the early days during typical Highveld thunderstorms and in the rainy season there were sometimes up to 300 wagons waiting to cross the Vaal river at the Villiers crossing.

The postal service also used this route from Harrismith, Dundas, to Villiers, Malanskraal, Heidelberg and then to the goldfields of the Witwatersrand. The Van der Berg park was used by the postal service to get “fresh” horses for their wagons. This park was also later used as a marketplace.

Villiers is steeped in history with buildings and structures dating back to the beginning of the 20th century. There are some prime restored examples of Eastern Free-state sandstone architecture and a beautiful church at the centre of town with high pitched slate roof. The town is part of Mafube Local Municipality.

## Notable people

## InfoBox

| Villiers | |
| --- | --- |
| VilliersVilliers | |
| Coordinates: 27°02′S 28°36′E / 27.033°S 28.600°E / -27.033; 28.600 | |
| Country | South Africa |
| Province | Free State |
| District | Fezile Dabi |
| Municipality | Mafube |
| Established | 1891 |
| Area | |
| Total | 9.3 km2 (3.6 sq mi) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 17,315 |
| Density | 1,900/km2 (4,800/sq mi) |
| Racial makeup (2011) | |
| Black African | 94.0% |
| Coloured | 0.3% |
| Indian/Asian | 0.3% |
| White | 5.1% |
| Other | 0.2% |
| First languages (2011) | |
| Sotho | 66.7% |
| Zulu | 19.6% |
| Afrikaans | 6.2% |
| Xhosa | 2.2% |
| Other | 5.4% |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (SAST) |
| Postal code (street) | 9840 |
| PO box | 9840 |
| Area code | 058 |


title: Leonora

abstract: Leonora or Leonara may refer to:

text:
# Leonora

**Leonora** or **Leonara** may refer to:

## People

## Places

## Arts and entertainment

* *Leonora* (opera), the original title of Ludwig van Beethoven's opera *Fidelio*, in which the heroine is named Leonora (or *Leonore* in German)
* *Leonora* (opera) by William Henry Fry (the first known performance of an opera by an American composer on March 18, 1845)
* *Leonora* (opera), the 1804 opera by Ferdinando Paer based on the same source as the work by Beethoven
* Leonora, heroine of the opera *Il trovatore*, the 1853 opera by Giuseppe Verdi based on the 1836 drama *El trovador* by Antonio García Gutiérrez
* Leonora, heroine of the opera *La forza del destino*, the 1862 opera by Giuseppe Verdi based on the 1835 drama *Don Álvaro o la fuerza del sino* by Ángel de Saavedra, 3rd Duke of Rivas
* *Leonora*, another name for *Lenore* (ballad), by Gottfried August Bürger
* *Leonora* (novel), by Maria Edgeworth
* *Leonora* (film), a 1984 Australian film
* *Leonora*, a novel by Hazel Holt
* *Leonora*, a novel by Arnold Bennett
* Leonora, the main character of a brief narrative pocket in Henry Fielding's *Joseph Andrews*

## Other


title: The Frames

abstract: The Frames are an Irish rock band based in Dublin. Founded in 1990 by Glen Hansard, the band has been influential in the Dublin rock music scene. The group has released six studio albums. In addition to Hansard, the band's current line-up includes original member Colm Mac Con Iomaire, Dave Hingerty, Joe Doyle, and Rob Bochnik.

text:
# The Frames

**The Frames** are an Irish rock band based in Dublin. Founded in 1990 by Glen Hansard, the band has been influential in the Dublin rock music scene. The group has released six studio albums. In addition to Hansard, the band's current line-up includes original member Colm Mac Con Iomaire, Dave Hingerty, Joe Doyle, and Rob Bochnik.

## History

The band was established in 1990 and consists of survivors of Dublin's prolific early 1990s rock-and-roll scene. Through support slots, the band was central to the development of many emerging Irish rock bands of the time, including Turn and Bell X1, and a host of singer-songwriters such as Mundy, Paddy Casey, David Kitt and Damien Dempsey. In December 2004, Hansard appeared on stage to collaborate with Paddy Casey and The Dublin Gospel Choir. In 2007 The Frames toured Australia and New Zealand as the support act for Bob Dylan.

The name *The Frames* arose from Hansard's habit of fixing bicycles of his friends. The large number of bicycle frames lying around his house led neighbours to dub it the "house with the frames". In a 2001 interview, Hansard said, "I worked in a bicycle shop for a little while, but the name came from ... my back garden was so full of frames, my house became known as The Frames house, much to my mother's distaste, she hated it. But my garden was full of frames, old bikes, I would make up bikes for my friends out of all the old bikes. So it sort of became known if anybody found a bike up on the hill on the way home they would throw it into my garden, a graveyard for old bikes."

The band has had many members over the years, some of whom have also been, or later became, members of other Dublin rock bands. Colm Mac Con Iomaire and Dave Odlum both were founding members of folk group Kíla. Graham Downey, son of Thin Lizzy drummer Brian Downey, played bass for the band between 1993 and 1996.

The Frames have always collaborated closely with other groups that emerged from the buskers on Grafton Street, Dublin, where Hansard started his music career. Among these groups were the aforementioned Kíla, and Mic Christopher. When Christopher died in 2001, Hansard and his band were heavily involved in organising the Skylarkin' concert to commemorate his life and release the album. The Frames still occasionally perform Mic's songs—chiefly "Heyday"—as a tribute.

The band is also known for interspersing snippets of songs by other artists into their own as a form of homage; notable examples are "Redemption Song" by Bob Marley, "Ring of Fire" by Johnny Cash, "Lilac Wine" by James Shelton (as made popular by Jeff Buckley/Elkie Brooks) and "Pure Imagination" from *Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory*.

In 1991, Hansard came to public attention after taking the part of "Outspan" Foster in the film *The Commitments*. However, Hansard regretted this role as he felt it distracted from his music career. Mac Con Iomaire also had a cameo in the movie as a violinist auditioning for the band. Bronagh Gallagher, one of Hansard's colleagues, can be seen wearing a Frames T-shirt in her appearance in the film *Pulp Fiction*. Hansard appeared on screen as the principal character parodied by Irish music comedy Web site Eyebrowy.com and in 2007 as the lead in the movie *Once* which featured his songs.

As of 2007, the band consisted of Glen Hansard, Joe Doyle, Colm Mac Con Iomaire, Rob Bochnik and Johnny Boyle. Various people played drums during 2003 and 2004, including Graham Hopkins who drummed *Dance the Devil*, *Burn the Maps*, and the band's latest album *The Cost*. On one version of the album *Fitzcarraldo*, the band used the name **The Frames DC**, to avoid confusion with an American band.

The band released its sixth studio album, *The Cost*, on 22 September 2006. They appeared on the setlist at Lollapalooza 2006 just 12 days afterward.

The band's song "Dream Awake" was used in the pilot episode of NBC's *Life*. Also, "Finally" was prominently featured in the 11th episode of the show, when the title character reaped the rewards of the detective work which he had been doing all season. However, a different song is used in the version of the episode on nbc.com. The band's song "Seven Day Mile" was used in the season six premiere of House on Fox.

The band's ex-bassist, John Carney, is now a film director, best known for writing and directing the film *Once*, which stars Hansard, who wrote much of the music for the film. Hansard and Marketa Irglova won an Academy Award for Best Original Song for "Falling Slowly" from *Once*.

On 13 May 2008 the US iTunes store released a Deluxe Edition of *The Cost*. This edition included three extra songs—"The Blood", "No More I Love Yous", and "This Low". It also included the music videos for "Falling Slowly", "Sad Songs", and "The Side You Never Get to See".

In late 2009 the band appeared on The Swell Season's album, *Strict Joy*. On 24 March 2010 the band announced their first concert in three years at Electric Picnic to celebrate their 20th anniversary.

The Song "Rise" from the album *The Cost* was featured at the end of season 3, episode 13 of the ABC series "Castle".

On 1 December 2012 the band announced that the documentary *In The Deep Shade* would be released in 2013. The film, which captured their 2010 20th Anniversary Tour, was shot by Conor Masterson.

Since shooting to stardom in the wake of 'Once' and his Oscar win, Hansard has played primarily solo concerts (often with several members of the Frames) in recent years. The Frames have continued to play a handful of gigs; in June 2014 they played Whelan's in honor of its 25th anniversary, surprising the audience by buying all of their drinks. The venue's owners had lent money to the band in the 1990s to enable them to record Fitzcarraldo.

In 2015, the band played a pair of shows at Iveagh Gardens in Dublin. On 4–5 July they treated an enthusiastic and loyal fan base to such rarities as 15 Seafort Parade. On 11 July they played the Marquee Festival in Cork.

In April 2020, the band were forced to postpone a sold-out show marking their 30th anniversary in Kilmainham, Dublin on 20 June 2020 due to the COVID-19 restrictions in force in Ireland. However they later surprised fans by playing a live set on Instagram from a secluded location in Ireland on the same date. The band subsequently rescheduled their three September 2020 shows in the US for dates in 2021 which were then cancelled due to complications with international travel restrictions and visas making it impossible for the band to enter the country to perform.

The Frames 30th Anniversary show finally went ahead in the grounds of the Royal Hospital Kilmainham, Dublin on the evening of 28 May 2022 to an audience of approximately 10,000 fans. Opening acts Cormac Begley and Wallis Bird entertained the audience before the headliners took to the stage at 8pm to deliver a 25-song setlist to the enthusiastic crowd on what was described as a 'perfect summer's evening'.

## Members

### Current

### Former

* Noreen O'Donnell: (1990–1996) (vocals)
* Dave Odlum: (1990–2002) (guitar; Odlum later co-produced album *Burn the Maps* with Bochnik)
* Paul Brennan (Binzer): (1990–1998) (drums, percussion)
* John Carney: (1990–1993) (bass guitar, vocals)
* Graham Downey: (1993–1996) (bass guitar)
* Johnny Boyle (2003–2008) (drums)
* Graham Hopkins (2008–2019) (drums)
* Dave Hingerty: (1998-2003, 2019–2020) (drums, percussion)

#### Timeline

## Discography

### Albums

| Title | Details | Peak chart positions | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | IRE
 | BEL
 | NLD
 | US
Heat
 |
| *Another Love Song* | * Release date: 1991 * Label: Island | 77 |  |  |  |
| *Fitzcarraldo* | * Release date: November 1995 * Re-release: 29 October 1996 * Label: ZTT | 26 |  |  |  |
| *Dance the Devil* | * Release date: 25 June 1999 * Label: ZTT | 28 |  |  |  |
| *For the Birds* | * Release date: 2 April 2001 * Label: Plateau | 6 |  |  |  |
| *Burn the Maps* | * Release date: 17 September 2004 * Label: Plateau | 1 | 85 | 54 |  |
| *The Cost* | * Release date: 20 September 2006 * Label: Plateau, Anti- | 2 |  |  | 46 |
| *Longitude* | * Release date: 10 July 2015 * Label: Plateau, Anti- | 7 | 130 |  |  |
| "—" denotes a recording that did not chart or was not released in that territory. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

### Live albums

| Title | Details | Peak chart positions |
| --- | --- | --- |
| | | IRE |
| *Breadcrumb Trail* | * Release date: June 2002 * Label: Plateau |  |
| *Set List* | * Release date: 16 May 2003 * Label: Plateau | 1 |

### Singles and EPs

* "The Dancer" (1991)
* "Masquerade" (1992)
* *Turn on Your Record Player EP* (1992)
* *Picture of Love* (1993)
* *Angel at My Table* (1994)
* "Revelate" (1995)
* "Monument" (1996)
* *I am the Magic Hand* (15 February 1999)
* *Pavement Tune* (1999)
* *Rent Day Blues EP* (1999)
* *Come on Up to the House* (1999—Compilation featuring "Star Star" by The Frames)
* *Lay Me Down* (2001)
* *Headlong* (2002)
* *The Roads Outgrown EP* (2003)
* "Fake" (12 September 2003)
* "Finally" (20 August 2004)
* "Sideways Down" (28 January 2005)
* "Happy" (Radio Single Only – 2005)
* "Falling Slowly/No More I Love Yous" (1 September 2006)

## InfoBox

| The Frames | |
| --- | --- |
| The Frames performing at the Sasquatch Music Festival on May 28, 2005. From left to right: Colm Mac Con Iomaire, Glen Hansard, Johnny Boyle and Joe Doyle. | |
| Background information | |
| Origin | Dublin, Ireland |
| Genres | Rock, indie rock, folk |
| Years active | 1990–present |
| Labels | Plateau, ANTI- |
|  | |
| Members | Glen Hansard
Joe Doyle
Colm Mac Con Iomaire
Rob Bochnik
Johnny Boyle
Ruth O'Mahony Brady |
|  | |
| Past members | Noreen O'Donnell
Dave Odlum
Paul Brennan
Graham Hopkins
John Carney
Graham Downey
Dave Hingerty |
|  | |
| Website | theframes.ie |


title: Myron McCormick

abstract: Myron McCormick was an American actor of stage, radio and film.

text:
# Myron McCormick

**Myron McCormick** (February 8, 1908  July 30, 1962) was an American actor of stage, radio and film.

## Early life and education

Born in Albany, Indiana, in 1908, Walter Myron McCormick was the middle child of Walter P. and Bessie M. McCormick's three children. His father, according to the federal census of 1920, was a native of Illinois and a manufacturer of tinware. He attended New Mexico Military Institute and Princeton University. At the latter, he was a member of Phi Beta Kappa Society, gained experience in musical theater and finished as a *magna cum laude* graduate.

## Stage

McCormick was the only cast member of the Broadway smash *South Pacific* to remain with the show for all 1,925 performances. McCormick's performance of sailor Luther Billis won him a Tony Award in 1950 for best supporting or featured actor in a musical. He also won the Donaldson Award for best supporting performance (actor) of 1948–1949.

McCormick was in *No Time for Sergeants*, a military comedy that ran on Broadway from 1955 to 1957. He repeated his role as Sergeant King for the 1958 film version starring Andy Griffith.

McCormick's other Broadway credits include *27 Wagons Full of Cotton* (1954), *Joy to the World* (1947), *Soldier's Wife* (1944), *Storm Operation* (1943), *The Damask Cheek* (1942), *Lily of the Valley* (1941), *Thunder Rock* (1939), *In Clover* (1937), *The Wingless Victory* (1936), *Hell Freezes Over* (1935), *How Beautiful with Shoes* (1935), *Substitute for Murder* (1935), *Paths of Glory* (1935), and *Carry Nation* (1932).

## Film

McCormick portrayed Charlie, the partner of pool shark "Fast Eddie" Felson (Paul Newman) in *The Hustler* (1961). He also appeared in *The Man Who Understood Women*, *Jigsaw*, *Jolson Sings Again* and *The Fight for Life*. His screen debut came in *Winterset*.

## Radio and television

McCormick became a featured performer in the soap opera *Buck Private and His Girl* and in many popular radio dramas of the 1940s. He also made guest appearances on numerous television programs of the 1950s/early 1960s, including *The Untouchables*, *Naked City*, *Alfred Hitchcock Presents*, *The Donna Reed Show*, *Way Out* and *The Iceman Cometh (1960 TV production)*, McCormick was also known for his portrayal of "Colonel Ralph Bryant" in the 1949 movie *Jolson Sings Again*. In 1959, he played Joe Saul in Steinbeck's *Burning Bright* on *The Play of the Week* television series.

## Personal life

McCormick was married to actress Martha Hodge and to Barbara MacKenzie.

## Death

McCormick died at New York-Presbyterian Hospital in New York City on July 30, 1962, from cancer, aged 54. He was survived by his wife, a son, and a daughter.

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1936 | *Winterset* | Carr |  |
| 1939 | *...One Third of a Nation...* | Sam Moon |  |
| 1940 | *The Fight for Life* | The Interne |  |
| 1942 | *China Girl* | Shorty McGuire |  |
| 1942 | *USS VD: Ship of Shame* | Executive Officer McGregor | Uncredited |
| 1949 | *Jigsaw* | Charles Riggs |  |
| 1949 | *Jolson Sings Again* | Ralph Bryant |  |
| 1955 | *Three for the Show* | Mike Hudson |  |
| 1955 | *Not as a Stranger* | Dr. Snider |  |
| 1958 | *No Time for Sergeants* | Sergeant Orville C. King |  |
| 1959 | *The Man Who Understood Women* | Preacher |  |
| 1960 | *Alfred Hitchcock Presents* | Bert Haber | Season 5 Episode 31: "I Can Take Care of Myself" |
| 1961 | *Alfred Hitchcock Presents* | Newton B. Clovis | Season 6 Episode 25: "Museum Piece" |
| 1961 | *The Hustler* | Charlie Burns |  |
| 1962 | *A Public Affair* | Sam Clavell |  |

## InfoBox

| Myron McCormick | |
| --- | --- |
| Myron McCormick in 1949's *Jigsaw* | |
| Born | Walter Myron McCormick
(1908-02-08)February 8, 1908
Albany, Indiana, U.S. |
| Died | July 30, 1962(1962-07-30) (aged 54)
New York City, U.S. |
| Occupation | Actor |
| Years active | 1936–1962 |


title: (I Got No Kick Against) Modern Jazz

abstract: (I Got No Kick Against) Modern Jazz is a 1995 tribute album by various jazz artists and bands from the GRP Records label. It consists of jazz cover versions of songs originally by The Beatles. The album's title comes from the lyrics of the Beatles's cover of the Chuck Berry song, "Rock and Roll Music", which was originally released on the studio album Beatles for Sale.

text:
# (I Got No Kick Against) Modern Jazz

***(I Got No Kick Against) Modern Jazz*** is a 1995 tribute album by various jazz artists and bands from the GRP Records label. It consists of jazz cover versions of songs originally by The Beatles. The album's title comes from the lyrics of the Beatles's cover of the Chuck Berry song, "Rock and Roll Music", which was originally released on the studio album *Beatles for Sale*.

## Critical reaction

AllMusic found most of the tracks too similar to the originals, making it "predictable and quite forgettable". In contrast, *BusinessWorld* called it a "wonderful, delightful album" and praised it for mixing mainstream pop jazz with more adventurous sounds. *The Record* (New Jersey) called it "timeless music played with reverence and charm"; they also noted that all the guitarists on the record were far more skilled than George Harrison.

Chris Ingham praised Diana Krall's version of "And I Love Her", noting its "sultry approach" over "seven luxurious minutes" of music.

Dave Grusin was nominated for a Grammy for Best Pop Instrumental Performance for his cover of "Yesterday" on the album.

## Remixes

Groove Collective's "I Want You (She's So Heavy)" was released in a number of remixes for the dance floor in 1996.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Lennon–McCartney, except where noted

| No. | Title | Performing Artist | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "The Long and Winding Road" | George Benson |  |
| 2. | "She's Leaving Home" | McCoy Tyner |  |
| 3. | "I Want You (She's So Heavy)" | Groove Collective |  |
| 4. | "And I Love Her" | Diana Krall |  |
| 5. | "The Fool on the Hill" | Tom Scott |  |
| 6. | "Michelle" | Ramsey Lewis |  |
| 7. | "A Day in the Life" | Lee Ritenour |  |
| 8. | "Let It Be" | Nelson Rangell |  |
| 9. | "Eleanor Rigby" | Chick Corea |  |
| 10. | "While My Guitar Gently Weeps" (Harrison) | Russ Freeman |  |
| 11. | "In My Life" | Spyro Gyra |  |
| 12. | "Here, There and Everywhere" | David Benoit |  |
| 13. | "Blackbird" | Arturo Sandoval |  |
| 14. | "Yesterday" | Dave Grusin |  |
| 15. | "Imagine" | Yoshiko Kishino |  |

## InfoBox

| (I Got No Kick Against) Modern Jazz | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Compilation album by Various artists | |
| Released | September 26, 1995 (1995-09-26) |
| Genre | Jazz |
| Length | 71:36 |
| Label | GRP |


title: 1152 Pawona

abstract: 1152 Pawona, provisional designation 1930 AD, is a stony Vestian asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 16 kilometers in diameter. Discovered by Karl Reinmuth at Heidelberg Observatory in 1930, the asteroid was named in honor of astronomers Johann Palisa and Max Wolf.

text:
# 1152 Pawona

**1152 Pawona**, provisional designation 1930 AD, is a stony Vestian asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 16 kilometers in diameter. Discovered by Karl Reinmuth at Heidelberg Observatory in 1930, the asteroid was named in honor of astronomers Johann Palisa and Max Wolf.

## Discovery

*Pawona* was discovered on 8 January 1930, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory in southwest Germany. It was independently discovered by Italian astronomer Luigi Volta at the Observatory of Turin on 19 January 1930, and by Grigory Neujmin at the Simeiz Observatory on the Crimean peninsula on 21 January 1930. The Minor Planet Center, however, only acknowledges the first discoverer.

The asteroid was first identified as A924 QA at Vienna Observatory in August 1924. The body's observation arc begins with its identification as 1926 AK at Heidelberg in January 1926, almost 4 years prior to its official discovery observation.

## Orbit and classification

*Pawona* is a supposed member of the stony Vesta family (401), named after 4 Vesta and the main belt's second-largest asteroid family by number. It orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 2.3–2.5 AU once every 3 years and 9 months (1,381 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.04 and an inclination of 5 with respect to the ecliptic.

## Physical characteristics

In the SMASS classification, *Pawona* is an Sl-subtype, that transitions from the common stony S-type to the rare L-type asteroids.

### Rotation period

Several rotational lightcurves of *Pawona* have been obtained from photometric observations since 2002. Analysis of these lightcurves gave a well-defined rotation period between 3.415 and 3.425 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.16 to 0.26 magnitude (U=3/3/3/3/3).

### Diameter and albedo

According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, *Pawona* measures between 15.69 and 18.826 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.1529 and 0.2167.

The *Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link* derives an albedo of 0.2782 and a diameter of 15.90 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 11.0.

## Naming

This minor planet was named after astronomers Johann Palisa and Max Wolf, two prolific discoverers of minor planets, in recognition of their cooperation. The name was proposed by Swedish astronomer Bror Ansgar Asplind. The official naming citation was mentioned in *The Names of the Minor Planets* by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 107).

### Feminization of names

*Pawona* is a combination of "Palisa" and "Wolf" (Pa, Wo) joined with a Latin feminine suffix. The custom of adding the female endings "a" or "ia" to male names had only faded out by World War II and was finally abolished in 1947, when the Minor Planet Center took over responsibility of numbering and naming asteroids.

1. "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1152 Pawona (1930 AD)" (2017-06-04 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
2. Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(1152) Pawona". *Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1152) Pawona*. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 97. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7\_1153. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
3. "LCDB Data for (1152) Pawona". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 8 September 2017.
4. Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0". *NASA Planetary Data System*. **12**: IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0. Bibcode:2004PDSS...12.....T. Retrieved 22 October 2019.
5. Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". *Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan*. **63** (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
6. Masiero, Joseph R.; Grav, T.; Mainzer, A. K.; Nugent, C. R.; Bauer, J. M.; Stevenson, R.; et al. (August 2014). "Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos". *The Astrophysical Journal*. **791** (2): 11. arXiv:1406.6645. Bibcode:2014ApJ...791..121M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121. S2CID 119293330. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
7. Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D.; et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". *The Astrophysical Journal*. **741** (2): 25. arXiv:1109.6407. Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...90M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90. S2CID 118700974.
8. Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (1152) Pawona". Geneva Observatory. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
9. Schmidt, Richard E. (July 2017). "Near-IR Minor Planet Photometry from Burleith Observatory". *The Minor Planet Bulletin*. **44** (3): 191–192. Bibcode:2017MPBu...44..191S. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
10. Koff, R. A.; Clark, M. (September 2002). "Lightcurve Photometry of 1152 Pawona". *The Minor Planet Bulletin*. **29**: 49–50. Bibcode:2002MPBu...29...49K. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
11. Klinglesmith, Daniel A. III; Hendrickx, Sebastian; Kimber, Cameron; Madden, Karl (July 2017). "CCD Asteroid Photometry from Etscorn Observatory". *The Minor Planet Bulletin*. **44** (3): 244–246. Bibcode:2017MPBu...44..244K. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
12. Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Granvik, Mikael; Bolin, Bryce; et al. (November 2015). "Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results". *Icarus*. **261**: 34–47. arXiv:1506.00762. Bibcode:2015Icar..261...34V. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007. S2CID 53493339. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
13. "1152 Pawona (1930 AD)". *Minor Planet Center*. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
14. Peebles, Curtis (2000). "The attack of the classicists". *Asteroids: A History*. Smithsonian Institution Press. ISBN 978-1-56098-982-0.

## InfoBox

1152 Pawona
| Discovery | |
| --- | --- |
| Discovered by | K. Reinmuth |
| Discovery site | Heidelberg Obs. |
| Discovery date | 8 January 1930 |
| Designations | |
| MPC designation | (1152) Pawona |
| Named after | Johann Palisa
and Max Wolf
(minor planet discoverers) |
| Alternative designations | 1930 AD **·** 1926 AK
1942 GE1 **·** 1942 GY
1969 MD **·** A924 QA |
| Minor planet category | main-belt **·** Vestian |
| Orbital characteristics | |
| Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5) | |
| Uncertainty parameter 0 | |
| Observation arc | 92.61 yr (33,825 days) |
| Aphelion | 2.5288 AU |
| Perihelion | 2.3256 AU |
| Semi-major axis | 2.4272 AU |
| Eccentricity | 0.0419 |
| Orbital period (sidereal) | 3.78 yr (1,381 days) |
| Mean anomaly | 356.07 |
| Mean motion | 0° 15m 38.16s / day |
| Inclination | 5.0797° |
| Longitude of ascending node | 331.91° |
| Argument of perihelion | 218.56° |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Dimensions | 15.69±1.0 km
15.90 km (derived)
16.35±0.31 km
17.130±0.115 km
18.826±0.090 km |
| Synodic rotation period | 3.41500±0.00005
3.4151±0.0009 h
3.4154±0.0001 h
3.418±0.005 h
3.425±0.001 h |
| Geometric albedo | 0.1529±0.0174
0.203±0.004
0.205±0.009
0.2167±0.030
0.2782 (derived) |
| Spectral type | SMASS =   **·** |
| Absolute magnitude *(H)* | 11.0 **·** 11.18±0.01 **·** 11.2 **·** 11.30 |
|  | |