title: TransUnion

abstract:
TransUnion LLC is an American consumer credit reporting agency. TransUnion collects and aggregates information on over one billion individual consumers in over thirty countries including "200 million files profiling nearly every credit-active consumer in the United States". Its customers include over 65,000 businesses. Based in Chicago, Illinois, TransUnion's 2014 revenue was US$1.3 billion. It is the smallest of the three largest credit agencies, along with Experian and Equifax. TransUnion also markets credit reports and other credit and fraud-protection products directly to consumers. Like all credit reporting agencies, the company is required by U.S. law to provide consumers with one free credit report every year.
Additionally a growing segment of TransUnion's business is its business offerings that use advanced big data, particularly its deep AI-TLOxp product.

text:
# TransUnion

**TransUnion LLC** is an American consumer credit reporting agency. TransUnion collects and aggregates information on over one billion individual consumers in over thirty countries including "200 million files profiling nearly every credit-active consumer in the United States". Its customers include over 65,000 businesses. Based in Chicago, Illinois, TransUnion's 2014 revenue was US$1.3 billion. It is the smallest of the three largest credit agencies, along with Experian and Equifax (known as the "Big Three").

TransUnion also markets credit reports and other credit and fraud-protection products directly to consumers. Like all credit reporting agencies, the company is required by U.S. law to provide consumers with one free credit report every year. Additionally a growing segment of TransUnion's business is its business offerings that use advanced big data, particularly its deep AI-TLOxp product.

## History

TransUnion was originally formed in 1968 as a holding company for Union Tank Car Company, making TransUnion a descendant of Standard Oil through Union Tank Car Company. The following year, it acquired the Credit Bureau of Cook County, which possessed and maintained 3.6 million credit accounts. In 1981, a Chicago-based holding company, The Marmon Group, acquired TransUnion for approximately $688 million.

In 2010, Goldman Sachs Capital Partners and Advent International acquired it from Madison Dearborn Partners. In 2014, TransUnion acquired Hank Asher's data company TLO. On June 25, 2015, TransUnion became a publicly traded company for the first time, trading under the symbol TRU.

TransUnion eventually began to offer products and services for both businesses and consumers. For businesses, TransUnion updated its traditional credit score offering to include trended data that helps predict consumer repayment and debt behavior. This product, referred to as CreditVision, launched in October 2013.

Its SmartMove™ service facilitates credit and background checks for landlords. The service also provides credit and background checks for partner companies, such as RentSpree.

In September 2013, the company acquired eScan Data Systems of Austin, Texas, to provide post-service eligibility determination support to hospitals and healthcare systems. The technology was integrated into TransUnion's ClearIQ platform, which tracks patients demographic and insurance related information to support benefit verification.

In November 2013, TransUnion acquired TLO LLC, a company that leverages data in support of its investigative and risk management tools. Its TLOxp technology aggregates data sets and uses a proprietary algorithm to uncover relationships between data. TLOxp also allows licensed investigators and law enforcement professionals to access personally identifiable information from credit header data.

In 2014, a TransUnion analysis found that reporting rental payment information to credit bureaus can positively affect credit scores. As a result, TransUnion initiated a service called ResidentCredit, making it easy for property owners to report data about their tenants on a monthly basis. These reports include the amount each tenant pays, the timeliness of their last payment, and any remaining balance the tenant currently owes. As a result, some companies have started reporting rent payment information to TransUnion.

In 2015, TransUnion acquired Trustev, a digital verification company specializing in online fraud for $21 million, minus debts.

In 2017, TransUnion acquired FactorTrust, a consumer reporting agency specializing in alternative credit data.

In mid-April 2018, TransUnion announced it intended to buy UK-based CallCredit Information Group for $1.4 billion, subject to regulatory approval.

In December 2021, TransUnion completed the acquisitions of Neustar, initially announced in September 2021 for $3.1 billion, and Sontiq, initially announced in October 2021 for $638 million.

In February 2023, TransUnion announced it was rebranding its "thousands of existing B2B products into seven business lines." These include: TruAudience, TruValidate, TruContact (all based on former offerings from Neustar), TruVision, TruIQ, TruEmpower, and TruLookup.

In 2003, Judy Thomas of Klamath Falls, Oregon, was awarded $5.3 million in a successful lawsuit against TransUnion. The award was made on the grounds that it took her six years to get TransUnion to remove incorrect information in her credit report.

In 2006, after spending two years trying to correct erroneous credit information that resulted from being a victim of identity theft, a fraud victim named Sloan filed suit against all three of the US's largest credit agencies. TransUnion and Experian settled out of court for an undisclosed amount. In Sloan v. Equifax, a jury awarded Sloan $351,000. "She wrote letters. She called them. They saw the problem. They just didn't fix it," said her attorney, A. Hugo Blankingship III.

TransUnion has also been criticized for concealing charges. Many users complained of not being aware of a $17.95/month charge for holding a TransUnion account.

In March 2015, following a settlement with the New York Attorney-General, TransUnion, along with other credit reporting companies, Experian and Equifax, agreed to help consumers with errors and red flags on credit reports. Under the new settlement, credit-reporting firms are required to use trained employees to respond when a consumer flags a mistake on their file. These employees are responsible for communicating with the lender and resolving the dispute.

In January 2017, TransUnion was fined $5.5 million and ordered to pay $17.6 million in restitution, along with Equifax, by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB). The federal agency fined the companies "for deceiving consumers about the usefulness and actual cost of credit scores they sold to consumers". The CFPB also said the companies "lured consumers into costly recurring payments for credit-related products with false promises". Credit bureaus had the most complaints of all companies filed with the CFPB by consumers in 2018, with 34% of all complaints directed at TransUnion, Equifax, and Experian that year.

In June 2017, a California jury ruled against TransUnion with a $60 million verdict in the largest Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) verdict in history. The San Francisco federal court jury awarded $60 million in damages to consumers who were falsely reported on a government list of terrorists and other security threats. The plaintiffs' team of attorneys at Francis & Mailman, P.C. partnered with another California-based firm in the class action. Following up on this, in April 2022, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) said TransUnion is "incapable of operating its businesses lawfully".

## Security issues

On 13 October 2017, the website for TransUnion's Central American division was reported to have been redirecting visitors to websites that attempted drive-by downloads of malware disguised as Adobe Flash updates. The attack had been performed by hijacking third-party analytics JavaScript from Digital River brand FireClick.

On 17 March 2022, TransUnion South Africa disclosed that hackers breached one of their servers and allegedly stole data of 54 million customers, demanding a ransom to not release it, the group N4ughtysecTU claims responsibility.

* Official website
*
* Business data for TransUnion:

## InfoBox

TransUnion LLC
|
|  |
| Trade name | TransUnion |
| Formerly | TransUnion Holding Company, Inc. |
| Company type | Public |
| Traded as |  |
| Industry | Information technology |
| Founded | February 8, 1968 (1968-02-08) |
| Headquarters | Chicago, Illinois, U.S. |
| Area served | Worldwide |
| Key people | Christopher Cartwright (president & CEO) |
| Products | Credit reports |
| Services | Credit information |
| Revenue | US$3.831 billion (2023) |
| Operating income | US$655.8 million (2023) |
| Net income | US$1.304 billion (2023) |
| Total assets | US$14.3 billion (2023) |
| Total equity | US$11.1 billion (2023) |
| Number of employees | 18,000 (2023) |
| Website | www.transunion.com |
| **Footnotes / references**<br> | |


title: TransSiberian (film)

abstract: TransSiberian is a 2008 psychological thriller film directed by Brad Anderson and written by Anderson and Will Conroy. It stars Woody Harrelson and Emily Mortimer as an American couple whose journey on the Trans-Siberian Railway leads them to a trail of deception and murder. Kate Mara, Eduardo Noriega, Thomas Kretschmann and Ben Kingsley appear in supporting roles. After premiering at the 2008 Sundance Film Festival in January, the film received a limited release in the United States on July 18, 2008. It received positive reviews, with praise for its story and atmosphere, and grossed $5.9 million at the box office.

text:
# TransSiberian (film)

***TransSiberian*** is a 2008 psychological thriller film directed by Brad Anderson and written by Anderson and Will Conroy. It stars Woody Harrelson and Emily Mortimer as an American couple whose journey on the Trans-Siberian Railway leads them to a trail of deception and murder. Kate Mara, Eduardo Noriega, Thomas Kretschmann and Ben Kingsley appear in supporting roles.

After premiering at the 2008 Sundance Film Festival in January, the film received a limited release in the United States on July 18, 2008. It received positive reviews, with praise for its story and atmosphere, and grossed $5.9 million at the box office.

## Plot

An American couple, Roy and Jessie, take the train from Beijing to Moscow on their return home from a Christian mission in China. Roy befriends their cabin mates, a Spanish man, Carlos, and his Seattle-born girlfriend, Abby. Jessie is more wary than her husband and does not share his unguarded warmth to the strangers, but Carlos shows Jessie his souvenir matryoshka dolls.

When Roy misses the train in Irkutsk while sightseeing, Jessie is alone with Carlos and Abby. When she alights the train at Ilanskaya to wait for Roy, Carlos and Abby also get off, claiming Jessie would be unsafe alone. In a restaurant, Jessie sees a doll nearly identical to those of Carlos. Abby is upset when she mentions this and goes to bed. Jessie begs Carlos not to involve Abby in his activities.

The next morning, Carlos comes to Jessie's room, tells her his shower is broken and asks to use hers. Jessie receives a summons from reception and leaves Carlos in her room. At reception, she receives a call confirming that Roy will join her, and Carlos convinces her to go on a trip into the wilderness, where they find a ruined church.

Jessie, an amateur photographer, starts taking pictures. When Carlos makes advances, she first refuses, but they then begin kissing. Jessie quickly changes her mind and asks Carlos to stop but he continues, becoming aggressive and chasing after her. She becomes terrified and hits him with a fence post, killing him. Jessie returns to the station in a state of shock, shortly afterwards Roy's train arrives and she re-joins him. Roy assumes her emotional greeting is due to her anguish over his delay. As the train pulls away, Jessie notices Abby through the window, running alongside the train searching hopelessly for Carlos.

Ilya Grinko, a narcotics officer whom Roy befriended, is their new cabin mate. Jessie is shocked to find Carlos' dolls in her suitcase and realizes that he hid them when he was in her room. Grinko accompanies them for dinner and talks about his job, Jessie realizes that Carlos was smuggling heroin, and later unsuccessfully tries to get rid of the dolls when the others are asleep. She panics when Grinko becomes suspicious. When she returns to her cabin to find Roy examining the dolls, she breaks down and explains their origins, though without telling Roy about Carlos' death. They give Grinko the dolls, who seems satisfied they were uninvolved.

The next morning, they awake to discover that most of the carriages have departed with the other passengers; only Grinko and his partner Kolzak Yushenkov remain. They stop the train in the middle of nowhere and take Jessie and Roy to an abandoned military bunker, where Abby is being tortured. Grinko is bribed by a Russian drug lord and explains that Carlos stole heroin and money from the drug lord who wants both. Grinko tells Jessie that Abby is not the "good girl" Jessie thought: she recruited Carlos, was responsible for another's death and is trying to cheat the drug lord. Jessie disbelieves Grinko because Carlos told her Abby was innocent. Abby continues to be tortured in the presence of Jessie and Roy.

Jessie and Roy escape and return to the train, where they find the conductor, who works for Grinko. Roy kills him. They escape with the train as Roy, a railway enthusiast, knows how to operate it. The train slows down and Grinko and Kolzak re-board the train. When they question Jessie again about Carlos' whereabouts, holding her and Roy at gunpoint, Jessie admits she killed Carlos. Kolzak does not believe her, but at that moment, the train collides with a troop-carrying train. With the army on the way, Grinko shoots Kolzak to maintain his cover. The couple are arrested, while Grinko escapes.

In Moscow, U.S. officials visit Jessie and Roy. Through a photograph Jessie took of Grinko and his associates, the officials believe they can shut down the drug operation. They reveal Carlos' criminal history and believe Abby just got mixed up with the wrong crowd. When signing statements, Jessie does not confess she killed Carlos, although Roy may have heard her admit to this. Touring Moscow, Jessie insists on talking to Abby in the hospital.

The final scene shows Abby finding Carlos' body, following instructions that Jessie had earlier given her. Abby takes a fortune in stolen money from his jacket.

## Cast

## Production

The film was shot on location in Lithuania. The government gave the filmmakers 40 kilometers of track. It had a production budget of $15 million. Mortimer agreed to do the film two days before filming and began without having time to finish reading the script.

## Reception

### Critical response

The film received positive reviews from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, it has a 91% score based on reviews from 101 critics, with an average rating of 7.20/10. The site's critical consensus states: "Traditional in form yet effective in execution, this taut thriller updates the 'danger on a train' scenario with atmospheric sense." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average rating of 72 based on reviews from 21 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".

Roger Ebert of the *Chicago Sun-Times* gave the film 3.5 out of four and praised the film, saying it builds "true fear and suspense." Scott Tobias at *The A.V. Club* gave it a B+. Kirk Honeycutt of *The Hollywood Reporter* wrote: "This vigorous, fast-paced tale that entwines plot with character and psychology set against an incredibly exotic backdrop certainly has boxoffice potential as dynamic as its storytelling."

### Box office

The film grossed $2,206,405 in the United States and Canada and a further $3,720,005 in other countries for a worldwide total of $5,926,410.

## InfoBox

| TransSiberian | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | Brad Anderson |
| Written by | * Brad Anderson * Will Conroy |
| Produced by | Julio Fernández |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Xavi Giménez |
| Edited by | Jaume Martí |
| Music by | Alfonso Vilallonga |
| Production
companies | * Castelao Producciones * UFA * Future Films UK |
| Distributed by |  |
| Release dates | * 18 January 2008 (2008-01-18) (Sundance) * 18 July 2008 (2008-07-18) (Limited) * 5 September 2008 (2008-09-05) |
| Running time | 111 minutes |
| Countries | * Germany * United Kingdom * Spain * Lithuania |
| Languages | English
Russian |
| Budget | $15 million |
| Box office | $5.9 million |


title: Triatoma nigromaculata

abstract: Triatoma nigromaculata is a sylvatic species of insect usually found in hollow trees, in vertebrate nests on trees and occasionally in human dwellings. It usually lives in relatively humid forests at high altitudes on mountain regions and foot hills. As all members of the subfamily Triatominae, T. nigromaculata is a blood-sucking bug and a potential vector of Chagas disease. This species is distributed mainly in Venezuela, but some specimens have also been found in Perú and Colombia (Cauca).

text:
# Triatoma nigromaculata

***Triatoma nigromaculata*** is a sylvatic species of insect usually found in hollow trees, in vertebrate nests on trees and occasionally in human dwellings. It usually lives in relatively humid forests at high altitudes on mountain regions and foot hills (300 to 1700 m above sea level). As all members of the subfamily Triatominae, *T. nigromaculata* is a blood-sucking bug and a potential vector of Chagas disease. This species is distributed mainly in Venezuela (Aragua, Barinas, Bolívar, Cojedes, Delta Amacuro, Distrito Capital, Lara, Mérida, Monagas, Portuguesa, Sucre and Yaracuy), but some specimens have also been found in Perú and Colombia (Cauca).

* Añez N, Crisante1 G, Rojas A, Néstor D, Silverio D, Lizano E, Superlano Y, Aldana E (2006) Domiciliación de *Triatoma nigromaculata* de la región Montana del sur de Mérida, Venezuela. BOLETÍN DE MALARIOLOGÍA Y SALUD AMBIENTAL Vol. XLV, Nº 1
* Heger T (2004) Adaptations comportementales et importances des conditions microclimatiques chez deux espèces de Triatominae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) pour le maintien de leur balances hydriques: *Rhodnius prolixus* (Stal, 1859) et *Triatoma nigromaculata* (Stal, 1872). Université de Neuchâtel
* Reinel Vásquez L, Galvão C, Pinto NA, Granados H (2005) Primer registro de *Triatoma nigromaculata* (Stål, 1859) (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae) para Colombia. Biomédica 25:417-21

## InfoBox

| *Triatoma nigromaculata* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hemiptera |
| Suborder: | Heteroptera |
| Family: | Reduviidae |
| Genus: | *Triatoma* |
| Species: | ***T. nigromaculata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Triatoma nigromaculata***<br>Stål, 1859 | |
|


title: Trevor Jacobs (politician)

abstract: Trevor Jacobs is an American politician who has served in the Kansas House of Representatives from the 4th district since 2017, and a rancher. He has a Bible outreach ministry with Jesus Saves Ministry and preaches on the radio and elsewhere. He has been described as a far-right conservative, having introduced a bill that would ban abortions in Kansas, criminalizing it with the same penalty as murder.

text:
# Trevor Jacobs (politician)

**Trevor Jacobs** (born July 25, 1976) is an American politician who has served in the Kansas House of Representatives from the 4th district since 2017, and a rancher. He has a Bible outreach ministry with Jesus Saves Ministry and preaches on the radio and elsewhere. He has been described as a far-right conservative, having introduced a bill that would ban abortions in Kansas, criminalizing it with the same penalty as murder.

## InfoBox

| Trevor Jacobs | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Kansas House of Representatives
from the 4th district | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
January 9, 2017 | |
| Preceded by | Marty Read |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1976-07-25) July 25, 1976 |
| Political party | Republican |
| Residence(s) | Fort Scott, Kansas, U.S. |
|  | |


title: Trevor Jacob

abstract: Trevor Daniel Jacob is an American Olympic athlete, snowboard cross competitor, extreme sports athlete, YouTuber, and light aircraft pilot. He represented the United States in snowboarding in the 2014 Winter Olympics. Jacob posted a YouTube video in December 2021 in which he parachuted out of a light aircraft claiming engine failure. The Federal Aviation Administration revoked his pilot certificate after determining that he had intentionally crashed the plane for the sole purpose of filming it. In May 2023, Jacob pleaded guilty to a charge of obstruction of justice, having disposed of the aircraft wreckage without authorization or supervision while lying to federal investigators about its disposition. He admitted that he intentionally crashed the plane for notoriety and profit. He was sentenced to six months in prison.

text:
# Trevor Jacob

**Trevor Daniel Jacob** (born August 6, 1993) is an American Olympic athlete, snowboard cross competitor, extreme sports athlete, YouTuber, and light aircraft pilot. He represented the United States in snowboarding in the 2014 Winter Olympics.

Jacob posted a YouTube video in December 2021 in which he parachuted out of a light aircraft claiming engine failure. The Federal Aviation Administration revoked his pilot certificate after determining that he had intentionally crashed the plane for the sole purpose of filming it. In May 2023, Jacob pleaded guilty to a charge of obstruction of justice, having disposed of the aircraft wreckage without authorization or supervision while lying to federal investigators about its disposition. He admitted that he intentionally crashed the plane for notoriety and profit. He was sentenced to six months in prison.

## Athletic career

A native of Mammoth Lakes, California, Jacob competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia. He made it to the semifinal of the men's snowboard cross, where he failed to qualify for the final. He lost by inches to fellow American Alex Deibold, who went on to earn the bronze medal. Jacob ultimately finished ninth.

Jacob competed in snowboard cross at the Winter X Games in 2014, 2015, and 2016 in Aspen, Colorado, with a best finish of fifth place in the 2016 competition. He also competed in the 2013–14 FIS Snowboard World Cup, winning the Snowboard Cross event held on 11 January 2014.

In addition to snowboarding, Jacob has participated in skateboarding, surfing, BMX riding, motocross and mixed martial arts, and was part of Travis Pastrana's Nitro Circus collective.

## YouTube

Jacob produced videos for YouTube and has become known for skydiving, aviation and snowboarding content. By January 2022, his YouTube channel had over 100,000 subscribers.

### Airplane crash

Trevor Jacob plane crash
| A Taylorcraft B similar to the aircraft involved | |
| --- | --- |
| Incident | |
| Date | November 24, 2021 (2021-11-24) |
| Summary | Deliberately crashed as a publicity stunt |
| Site | Los Padres National Forest, near New Cuyama, California, United States
34°48′50″N 119°57′33″W / 34.814°N 119.9591°W / 34.814; -119.9591 |
| Aircraft | |
| Aircraft type | Taylorcraft BL-65 |
| Operator | Trevor Jacob |
| Registration | NC29508 |
| Flight origin | Lompoc Airport |
| Destination | None |
| Passengers | 0 |
| Crew | 1 |
| Fatalities | 0 |
| Injuries | 1 |
| Survivors | 1 |

Jacob owned a Taylorcraft BL-65, a 1940 vintage single-engine light aircraft registered as *NC29508*. On November 24, 2021, he took off from Lompoc Airport alone, claiming that he was flying to Mammoth Mountain to spread ashes of his friend Johnny Strange. The aircraft was described by sources at Lompoc Airport as "in need of major maintenance." Unusually for Jacob when piloting, indeed for pilots of most civil aircraft, he wore a bulky skydiving parachute, a style that is awkward to wear in a small Taylorcraft with standard seats. The aircraft was outfitted with several digital cameras to film the flight, and Jacob carried a selfie stick.

During the flight, the engine stopped running and Jacob parachuted to the ground, suffering minor injuries on landing. The unoccupied aircraft crashed into unpopulated scrubland in Los Padres National Forest near New Cuyama, and was substantially damaged. Jacob walked to the crash site before hiking out and saying that the engine had failed.

A month later, Jacob released an edited, 13-minute video (under the title "I Crashed My Plane") depicting many of these events on his YouTube channel. It does not show the aircraft controls nor engine instruments when the engine stops running. Jacob is also not seen carrying out basic aviation emergency procedures such as trying to restart the engine, contacting air traffic control, or initiating a forced landing despite potential landing sites being visible. These and other unusual behaviors led to skepticism from the aviation community, who suspected that the crash was a deliberate publicity stunt. The video was viewed 1.7 million times before it was removed from YouTube.

Jacob denied having purposefully left the aircraft to crash, saying that "People can believe whatever they choose."

#### Investigations

Two days after the crash, Jacob reported the crash to the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), which immediately opened an investigation and ordered Jacob to preserve the wreckage for examination and share all of his video footage of the incident; he agreed to do so, but claimed he did not know the location of the wreckage. The NTSB does not normally investigate off-airport general aviation crashes that do not involve serious injuries to persons, flight control problems, or substantial damage to property other than the aircraft itself. Three days later, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) also opened an investigation. Jacob told the NTSB and FAA that he could not remember exactly where the crash took place despite having hiked to and from the site to recover his cameras. The U.S. Forest Service said that the aircraft wreckage was removed from Los Padres under mysterious circumstances before the YouTube video was posted. Jacob told FAA and NTSB investigators that he could not explain why the wreck seemingly vanished.

In April 2022, the FAA determined that Jacob had abandoned the aircraft solely to film the crash. The FAA cited his opening of the cabin door prior to the purported engine failure; the lack of any attempt to execute an emergency landing, contact air traffic control, or restart the engine; and his personal unsupervised recovery of the onboard cameras and the aircraft wreckage, which he disposed of, the agency said. The FAA revoked Jacob's private pilot certificate and ruled that he would not be permitted to apply for a new certificate for one year, stating that "your flight ... \[was\] careless or reckless so as to endanger life or property of another."

### Guilty plea and sentence

On May 11, 2023, the U.S. Attorney's Office for the Central District of California announced that Jacob pleaded guilty to a felony charge of "destruction and concealment with the intent to obstruct a federal investigation", a violation of section 1519 of Title 18 of the United States Code. According to prosecutors, Jacob admitted he lied to federal investigators by submitting a false aircraft accident report and by falsely stating to an FAA investigator that he parachuted from his plane because the engine had failed and he could not find a safe place to land.

Jacob also admitted that he and an unnamed friend used a helicopter to airlift the wreck to the Rancho Sisquoc area on December 10, 2021, where Jacob later loaded it onto a truck trailer, moved it to a hangar at Lompoc Airport, cut it up, and disposed of the pieces in various locations over several days, all without authorization and while telling investigators he did not know the whereabouts of the wreckage. Jacob admitted that he intentionally crashed the plane "to gain notoriety and to make money" and said the motive for his scheme was to earn commissions from wallet manufacturer The Ridge, which sponsored his video.

Jacob entered a plea agreement with federal prosecutors, announced in May 2023. On December 4, 2023, U.S. District Judge John F. Walter sentenced him to six months in prison, with a scheduled start date of January 29, 2024. Jacob was incarcerated at USP Lompoc and was released on June 12, 2024.

### New pilot certificate

Less than a week after his December 2023 sentencing, an FAA spokesperson confirmed in a statement to *Los Angeles* that the agency had granted Jacob a new pilot certificate. FAA regulations allow a pilot whose certificate is revoked to be granted a new certificate, provided that a year has elapsed since the revocation, the applicant had not committed a drug or alcohol offense, and the applicant undergoes the same training and testing regimen as a new applicant; these conditions had been satisfied, the FAA said.

## InfoBox

| Trevor Jacob | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Trevor Daniel Jacob
(1993-08-06) August 6, 1993
West Hills, California, U.S. |
| Occupation(s) | YouTuber
Light aircraft pilot
Competitive snowboarder |
| Criminal charges | Obstruction of justice |
| Criminal penalty | 6 months' imprisonment |
| Criminal status | Released on June 12, 2024. |


title: Trent Nichols

abstract: Trent Nichols is a former Australian rules footballer who played for Richmond, West Coast and North Melbourne in the Australian Football League. Nichols was picked up by Richmond with pick 17 in the 1986 VFL Draft but didn't debut until the 1988 season. In the 1990 Brownlow Medal count he finished with the most votes by a Richmond player. He crossed to West Coast in 1992 but struggled to find a place in the side, managing just 4 games during his stint in Perth. North Melbourne signed him for the 1994 season but by 1996 was playing in the reserves, winning that year's Gardiner Medal. He played in three consecutive reserves premierships: with North Melbourne in 1995 and 1996, then with Richmond in 1997.

text:
# Trent Nichols

**Trent Nichols** (born 7 April 1969) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for Richmond, West Coast and North Melbourne in the Australian Football League.

Nichols was picked up by Richmond with pick 17 in the 1986 VFL Draft but didn't debut until the 1988 season. In the 1990 Brownlow Medal count he finished with the most votes by a Richmond player. He crossed to West Coast in 1992 but struggled to find a place in the side, managing just 4 games during his stint in Perth. North Melbourne signed him for the 1994 season but by 1996 was playing in the reserves, winning that year's Gardiner Medal. He played in three consecutive reserves premierships: with North Melbourne in 1995 and 1996, then with Richmond in 1997.

## InfoBox

| Trent Nichols | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Date of birth | (1969-04-07) 7 April 1969 | | |
| Original team(s) | Sandy Bay | | |
| Draft | No. 17, 1986 national draft | | |
| Height | 173 cm (5 ft 8 in) | | |
| Weight | 77 kg (170 lb) | | |
| Playing career1 | | | |
| Years | **Club** | **Games (Goals)** |
| 1988–1991 | Richmond | 056 0(46) |
| 1992 | West Coast | 004 00(3) |
| 1994–1996 | North Melbourne | 033 0(39) |
| 1997–1998 | Richmond | 019 0(19) |
| Total |  | **112 (107)** |
| 1 Playing statistics correct to the end of 1998. | | | |
| Sources: AFL Tables, AustralianFootball.com | | | |


title: Tricentroscelis

abstract: Tricentroscelis is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae.

text:
# Tricentroscelis

***Tricentroscelis*** is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae.

* Pitkin, Brian & Jenkins, Paul. "Search results Family: Geometridae". *Butterflies and Moths of the World*. Natural History Museum, London.

## InfoBox

| *Tricentroscelis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Geometridae |
| Subfamily: | Sterrhinae |
| Genus: | ***Tricentroscelis*** |
|


title: Treeing Feist

abstract: The Treeing Feist is a breed of feist from the Southeastern United States. Originally considered a single breed, Treeing Feist and Mountain Feist are now separately recognized by the United Kennel Club. Feist, originally bred to hunt squirrels, were separated into several breeds, often crossed with rat terriers. Several Appalachian breeders chose black Feists and bred smaller to tree, 'ring' and retrieve squirrels.

text:
# Treeing Feist

| Mountain Feist | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Kennel club standards  United Kennel Club standard | |
| Dog (domestic dog) | |

The **Treeing Feist** is a breed of feist from the Southeastern United States. Originally considered a single breed, Treeing Feist and **Mountain Feist** are now separately recognized by the United Kennel Club. Feist, originally bred to hunt squirrels, were separated into several breeds, often crossed with rat terriers. Several Appalachian breeders chose black Feists and bred smaller to tree, 'ring' and retrieve squirrels.

## History

In the 19th century a small type of dog developed in the mountainous regions of the Southeastern United States. Used to hunt small game, these dogs were bred from terriers and hounds. These dogs became known as the Treeing Feist; feist is a derivation of fist and is a term used in Southern America for a small fierce dog. The word treeing refers to their hunting style of running game up into trees and indicating to the hunter which tree the game has climbed. Both the Treeing and Mountain Feist breeds are used to hunt small game, particularly squirrel and rodents, as well as raccoons, opossums, rabbits and for flushing birds.

In the 20th century these dogs became increasingly rare and in the early 1980s a group of devotees banded together to prevent their extinction. In 1984 the Mountain Feist Association was formed; in 1985 this was replaced by the American Treeing Feist Association, and this was joined by the Mountain Feist Breeder's Club in 1986, the Mountain Treeing Feist Organization in 1992 and the Traditional Treeing Feist Club in 1999. In 1998 the United Kennel Club recognized the Treeing Feist as a breed, in 2015 they recognized the Mountain Feist as a separate breed.

## Description

Both breeds are described as small, active, alert dogs; they have short, dense coats that can be found in any color, combination of colors or color patterns. They usually have pricked ears although semi-pricked ears are common and their tails can be docked at any length or left intact.

Originally they could be found in a very broad size range, being anywhere between 10 and 22 inches (25 and 56 cm) in height and 10 to 35 pounds (4.5 to 15.9 kg) in weight. The United Kennel Club breed standards for both breeds restricts this somewhat to heights between 12 and 18 inches (30 and 46 cm) and weights between 12 and 30 pounds (5.4 and 13.6 kg).

## InfoBox

| Treeing Feist | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Other names | Mountain Treeing Feist<br>American Treeing Feist |
| Origin | United States |
| Traits  Height  12–18 in (30–46 cm)  Weight  12–30 lb (5.4–13.6 kg)  Coat  Short  Color  Any color or color pattern | |
| Kennel club standards  United Kennel Club standard | |
| Dog (domestic dog) | |


title: Tridhara Milan Mandir

abstract: Tridhara Milan Mandir is a Hindu temple dedicated to Radha & Krishna, is located in Panchmura, Bankura, West Bengal.

text:
# Tridhara Milan Mandir

**Tridhara Milan Mandir**  is a Hindu temple dedicated to Radha & Krishna, is located in Panchmura, Bankura, West Bengal.

## History

Tridhara Milan Mandir often referred as *Second Vrindavan*, is situated at Panchmura under Taldangra police station in Bankura. This temple is mainly a temple of Lord Krishna & Radharani. Along with there are separate temple for various god & goddess of Hinduism like Shiva, Kali, Ram, Sita and Hanuman. Also covering the surrounding walls of the main temple of Krishna, there are various images of Lord Krishna carved in stone. Apart from tourists from different parts of the district, people from outside the district also come to see this temple of Radha and Krishna. *Tridhara Milan Mandir* is named as this because of the close relationship of love and devotion of the devotees with Krishna & Radha in this temple.

## InfoBox

| Tridhara Milan Mandir | |
| --- | --- |
| ত্রিধারা মিলন মন্দির | |
| Tridhara Milan Mandir | |
| Religion | |
| Affiliation | Hinduism |
| District | Bankura |
| Deity | Radha, Krishna
Shiva
Kali
Ram
Sita |
| Festivals | Rath Yatra
Radhashtami
Janmashtami
Holi
Hindu Wedding |
| Location | |
| Location | Panchmura |
| State | West Bengal |
| Country | India |
| Location in West Bengal | |
| Geographic coordinates | 22°58′03″N 87°10′16″E / 22.967472°N 87.171084°E / 22.967472; 87.171084 |
| Architecture | |
| Date established | 2022 |
| Website | |
| official website | |


title: Trevor Koehler

abstract: Trevor Koehler (1935-1975) was an American saxophonist. His mother was a First Chair Violinist for the Regina Philharmonic at Regina, Saskatchewan. His biological father was a concert pianist. He began his career as a professional musician as a teenager, playing clubs and nightlife venues in Anchorage AK. He obtained his degree in music from the University of the Pacific. He served in the Band Corp.of the US Army during peacetime between Korea and Vietnam. He recorded with Gil Evans, The Insect Trust, Cornell Dupree, Lou Reed, Octopus. Allan Houser wrote a jazz piece called "Running Wild With Trevor Koehler" that he recorded with his sextet. Father of Glade Koehler and Seth Koehler, and biological father of Louis Durra After many years of untreated depression complicated by alcoholism,Trevor Koehler committed suicide in 1975.

text:
# Trevor Koehler

**Trevor Koehler** (1935-1975) was an American saxophonist. His mother was a First Chair Violinist for the Regina Philharmonic at Regina, Saskatchewan. His biological father was a concert pianist. He began his career as a professional musician as a teenager, playing clubs and nightlife venues in Anchorage AK. He obtained his degree in music from the University of the Pacific. He served in the Band Corp.of the US Army during peacetime between Korea and Vietnam. He recorded with Gil Evans, The Insect Trust, Cornell Dupree, Lou Reed, Octopus. Allan Houser wrote a jazz piece called "Running Wild With Trevor Koehler" that he recorded with his sextet. Father of Glade Koehler and Seth Koehler, and biological father of Louis Durra

After many years of untreated depression complicated by alcoholism,Trevor Koehler committed suicide in 1975.

## Discography

* 1968: *Insect Trust*, The Insect Trust - Drums, Wind, String Arrangements
* 1968: *You Used to Think*, Erica Pomerance - Sax (Alto)
* 1969: *Octopus*, Octopus - Saxophone, Sax (Baritone)
* 1970: *Hoboken Saturday Night*, The Insect Trust - Flute, Drums, Piccolo, Sax (Baritone), Sax (Soprano), Wind
* 1973: *Svengali*, Gil Evans - Flute, Sax (Baritone), Sax (Soprano), Soloist, Personnel
* 1973: *Teasin*, Cornell Dupree - Saxophone
* 1974: *The Gil Evans Orchestra Plays the Music of Jimi Hendrix*, Gil Evans - Flute, Arranger, Saxophone, Sax (Alto), Sax (Baritone), Sax (Tenor)
* 1974: *Sally Can't Dance*, Lou Reed

1. The Dead Rock Stars Club


title: Trieste (Rome)

abstract: Trieste is the 17th quarter of Rome (Italy), identified by the initials Q. XVII. The toponym also indicates the Urban Zone 2E of the Municipio II of Rome. The eastern area of the quarter is known as the African Quarter, due to the presence of odonyms relating to the colonies of the Kingdom of Italy.

text:
# Trieste (Rome)

**Trieste** is the 17th quarter of Rome (Italy), identified by the initials **Q. XVII**.

The toponym also indicates the Urban Zone **2E** of the Municipio II of Rome.

The eastern area of the quarter is known as the **African Quarter**, due to the presence of odonyms relating to the colonies of the Kingdom of Italy.

## Geography

The quarter is located in the north-central area of the city.

It borders:

* to the north, with the Zone Z. I Val Melaina, along the river Aniene in the stretch between the Ponte Salario and the bridge of the FL1 regional railway.
* to the north-east, with the quarter Q. XVI Monte Sacro, along the river Aniene in the stretch between the bridge of the FL1 regional railway and the bridge of Via delle Valli, then between the FL1 regional railway and Via Nomentana.
* to the south-east, with the quarter Q. V Nomentano, along Via Nomentana, the FL1 regional railway and Viale Regina Margherita.
* to the south-west, with the quarter Q. IV Salario, along Viale Regina Margherita in the stretch between Via Nomentana and Via Salaria.
* to the north-west, with the quarter Q. II Parioli, along Via Salaria in the stretch between Viale Regina Margherita and Ponte Salario.

## History

### The territory before the urbanization

The first evidence of human presence in the quarter dates back to prehistoric times, when some populations settled in the area of the so-called *Sedia del Diavolo* and of *Monte delle Gioie*. Later, in historical times, a Sabine settlement rose on the Mount Antenne, the remains of which are still visible today; according to the legend, *Antemnae* was one of the three villages that underwent the famous rape of the Sabine women. Just few remains survive from the archaic and republican ages, while the area became very popular following the construction of several catacombs, such as the ancient catacomb of Priscilla, built on the villa of the *gens* Acilia.

Furthermore, the area is crossed by a section of the Via Salaria, a consular road of enormous importance that connected Rome to Porto d'Ascoli, so called for the trade of salt (Latin: *sal*). Nonetheless, the modern road of the same name follows the route of the *Salaria Nova*, built under the Emperor Nerva.

In the years following the Edict of Milan (313 AD), a monumental basilica dedicated to St. Agnes, whose family villa rose in Via Nomentana, was built. Next to it, the empress Constantina had her mausoleum built in the second half of the century. Due to its large size, the basilica soon decayed, so as to induce Pope Honorius I (625–628) to commission the current Byzantine-style basilica (Sant'Agnese fuori le mura). Around these two monuments, during the Middle Ages and at the beginning of the Renaissance, the complex of the Canons Regular of the Lateran was built.

During the Renaissance and the following centuries, the area of the quarter housed only a few noble villas and rustic buildings (farmhouses); in one of these, on the Via Nomentana, Giuseppe Garibaldi lived at the time of the Roman Republic.

### Urbanization and birth of the quarter

Following the Italian unification, the area of Mount Antenne was fortified with large bastions, moats and with an imposing powder keg, since its position was particularly suitable for defending the northern side of the city. Its slopes house since 1906 the seat of the *Parioli Tennis Club*, still active today and famous for having raised numerous champions.

The first urbanization of the territory took place with the urban plan issued in 1909 by the architect Edmondo Sanjust di Teulada, but the quarter was officially born only in 1926 with the name **Savoia**, from the nearby royal residence (the present Villa Ada); the event is commemorated by a plaque today in Via Topino, near Piazza Verbano.

In the first thirty years of the century the area maintained its destination for quality, or even luxury, residential buildings: it is the period of the "*villini*" and the Quartiere Coppedè.

The intensive urbanization begins in the 1930s. Large, often pretentious condominiums were built on the areas of villas which had been parceled out for this purpose, such as Villa Lancellotti and Villa Chigi (of the latter, only a public park and a private residence survive): housing for civil servants or buildings granted to cooperatives (for example, the Cooperative of the railway workers occupied the area near Piazza Crati). Between 1924 and 1930, with the aim of providing a green lung to an intensively built neighborhood, the architect Raffaele De Vico built the Parco Virgiliano (or Parco Nemorense), which was inaugurated in 1936 on the occasion of the Virgilian bimillennium.

Following the birth of the Republic, in 1946 the quarter took on its current name from its main street.

In the 1970s the area was the subject of a new building speculation, which caused the demolition of *Tor Fiorenza*, a 16th-century fortified farm where anemic children were brought to drink the fresh milk.

The northern part of the quarter, from Piazza Annibaliano to the Rome-Florence railway, is commonly called *African quarter*, due to its odonomastic inspired by the African colonies of the Kingdom of Italy (Via Tigrè, Via Tripolitania, Via Gadames, Viale Libia; see below). The original nucleus of this "sub-quarter", originally intended for the families of the railway workers, was built in the early 1920s, forming a quadrilateral in the area adjacent to Via Tripoli. Within this quadrilateral, Via Tobruk, Via Derna, Via Cirenaica and Piazza Misurata were also marked out, as well as Via Benadir and Via Migiurtinia outside its perimeter. These streets were added to Via Asmara and Via Massaua, side streets of Via Nomentana, which had been created shortly before to connect Villa Anziani.

After World War II, the railway workers' quarter, which consisted of some forty buildings, was completely demolished. As evidence of its past presence, part of the road system remains – with the exception of Via Tobruk, Piazza Misurata and Via Derna, which have been deleted (the name "Derna" was later attributed to another street) – and well as some buildings, favoured villas and more popular palaces, on Via Beandir, Via Homs, Via Tripolitania, Via Cirenaica and Via Migiurtinia. In the old quarter Pietro Germi shot *A Man of Straw* in 1958, while all around, along the axis Viale Eritrea-Viale Libia, the African quarter was being created as it appears today. A school building, some edifices of the Italian State Railways, a parking lot and two residential buildings were built in place of the quarter of the railway workers.

### Lesser history

* During World War II, a curious episode involved the quarter: it was said that on full moon nights, in the area of Piazza Vescovio, a werewolf terrified the inhabitants with frightening screams coming from some gardens: he was actually a mentally ill man, later identified and hospitalized in an asylum.
* The building in Via Chiana nr. 87 housed the first elevator ever built in Italy for a council house intended for civil servants, inaugurated by Benito Mussolini himself, who, during the official speech, seems to have missed out the phrase: «*... so it will be much easier for you to reach the musters in time!*»
* Partly removed is the incident involving the population in early June 1944, when the RSI soldiers spread the false and uncontrolled rumor, which could trigger a collective madness, that the fleeing German troops had undermined the whole quarter and that there would even be a load of unexploded ammunitions. A flow of people reached Villa Borghese, where many spent the night in the open air despite the official denials and the appeals by radio.
* During the years of the economic boom, the quarter became famous for the Piper Club, a celebrated public house, inaugurated on 17 February 1965 and linked to many personalities of that time: it hosted the debut of Patty Pravo and the performances of Pink Floyd, Nirvana and the Beatles, who, after the concert, dived in the Fontana delle Rane in Piazza Mincio with their clothes on. Over time it has become more known for the *movida* often resulting in vandalism than for the celebrities passing.
* The quarter was still the talk of the town during the years of lead, due to the numerous political killings that took place there; among others, that of the magistrate Vittorio Occorsio, assassinated in 1976, four years after that of the policeman Francesco Evangelista in front of the Liceo classico statale "Giulio Cesare".

In those same years, in the clashes between opposing political factions, two young right-wing militants of the organization *Fronte della Gioventù* (connected to the Italian Social Movement) also died: Francesco Cecchin, aged just seventeen, who died on 16 June 1979 following an attack near Piazza Vescovio, and Paolo Di Nella, who died on 9 February 1983, after falling into an irreversible coma due to a beatdown near Piazza Gondar.

* In the 1980s, the writer Ornella Angeloni set in the quarter her crime novel *Caffè Ciamei*, the story of a long chain of crimes over forty years.
* Among the public houses in the quarter is the Tortuga Café in Piazza Trasimeno, in front of the Giulio Cesare high school, opened in 1953 and mentioned in the song *Compagno di scuola* by Antonello Venditti.

## Monuments and places of interest

### Civil buildings

#### Quartiere Coppedè

In an area adjacent to Piazza Buenos Aires there is the Quartiere Coppedè, a small district built in Liberty-eclectic style, designed by the architect Gino Coppedè. The gate of Piazza Mincio 2, dating back to 1926 and the last work by the master's hand, is an exact replica of a scenery for the 1914 movie *Cabiria*.

#### Villa Albani

Villa Albani, also called Albani-Torlonia, which stretches between Via Salaria and Viale Regina Margherita, has been for 50 years the center of European culture, a compulsory stop for the most important travelers and the driving force of cultural phenomena such as Neoclassicism and Archaeology understood as History of Art. The villa was built in the mid-18th century by Cardinal Alessandro Albani – the nephew of Pope Clement XI, a refined connoisseur of antiquity and protector of artists, including Anton Raphael Mengs – to keep his collections of ancient art, chosen on the advice of Johann Joachim Winckelmann. Thus were born the "Laboratory of Neoclassicism", in which Piranesi also operated, and an "Art Gallery", for centuries inaccessible, which houses works by Niccolò da Foligno, Perugino, Gherardo delle Notti, Van Dyck, Tintoretto, Ribera, Guercino, Giulio Romano, Luca Giordano, David, Vanvitelli.

### Religious buildings

### School buildings

Built in 1935–36 by the architect Cesare Valle * Liceo scientifico "Amedeo Avogadro", with the main seat in 26, Via Brenta (within the Quartiere Coppedè) and a branch in Via Cirenaica (within the Quartiere Africano)
* Istituto d'Istruzione Superiore "Giosuè Carducci", in Via Asmara
* Istituto Comprensivo Via Volsinio:
    + Secondary school "Esopo", in Via Volsinio
    + Primary school "Giuseppe Mazzini", in via VolsinioBuilt in 1930–31 by the architect Cesare Valle. The school was formerly entitled to Sandro Italico Mussolini, nephew of Benito Mussolini.
    + Primary and secondary school "Ugo Bartolomei", in via Santa Maria Goretti
* Istituto comprensivo "Luigi Settembrini", in Via Sebenico.
* Istituto comprensivo "Sinopoli – Ferrini":
    + Secondary school "Giuseppe Sinopoli", in Via Mascagni
    + Public primary school "Contardo Ferrini", in Largo di Villa Chigi

### Archaeological sites

#### Catacombs

### Green areas

### Bridges

## Cinema

Over the years the quarter was often the setting for many Italian movies. De Sica used the shacks on the river Aniene as the set of the movie *The roof* in 1955.

Pietro Germi set his 1958 movie *A Man of Straw* among the buildings, later demolished, of the railway workers' quarter.

Also in the 1950s, the scene of the chase between Aldo Fabrizi and Totò in *Cops and Robbers* begins at the end of Viale Somalia and continues on a hill where the future Via Olimpica was built.

In 1953, the house of the protagonist of *La valigia dei sogni* by Luigi Comencini is located in the complex of the railway workers' buildings in Via Mancinelli

The quarter is also the location of the movie *The Sign of Venus*, with Alberto Sordi and Sophia Loren, which shows its aspect in the 1950s.

Some scenes from *Big Deal on Madonna Street* are set in the area. Carla Gravina meets her boyfriend in front of the barracks "Bianchi", right on the railway bridge: in the background you can see the first buildings on Viale Etiopia, while all around there is only countryside. In the opening scenes of the movie *Audace colpo dei soliti ignoti* (1960), Vittorio Gassman enters a door in Via Dora in the Quartiere Coppedè, while during the movie he walks along Viale Etiopia still under construction.

A brief shot in *Be Sick... It's Free*, with Alberto Sordi, shows Viale Libia near the UPIM department store. The same UPIM store in 1960 is the workplace of the three protagonists of *Caccia al marito* with Sandra Mondaini, while in *We All Loved Each Other So Much* by Ettore Scola, Piazza Caprera is used to mark a change of time. Scola himself 20 years later will set his *Mario, Maria and Mario*, with Giulio Scarpati, in the historic headquarters of the PCI in Via Sebino.

Due to its peculiar architecture, the Quartiere Coppedè was chosen by the director Dario Argento, residing in the quarter Trieste, as the background for some scenes of his movies *The Bird with the Crystal Plumage* (1970) and *Inferno* (1980).

Among all the sequences, one of the most moving images is the vision of a totally deserted Via Nomentana in the 1941 small masterpiece of De Sica *Teresa Venerdì*, set in the streets of the quarter.

In more recent times, the public high school "Giulio Cesare" has been the backdrop for the fiction *Piper* and the movie *Scusa ma ti chiamo amore* by Federico Moccia.

## Anthropic geography

### Urban planning

The territory of the quarter coincides with the homonymous urban zone **2E** and with the western part of the urban zone **2D** *Salario*.

### Odonyms

Italian lakes and rivers

One of the main streets of the quarter is Via Nemorense, which takes its name from the Lake Nemi. Many streets near it bear the name of important Italian lakes:

Other streets bear the name of Italian rivers:

Italian colonies in Africa

The part of the quarter commonly called "Quartiere Africano" is hinged on 4 avenues, bearing the names of the four Italian colonies in Africa, surrounded by streets named after cities and historical regions of the colonies themselves.

Eritrea Etiopia Libya Somalia Toponyms of the Sabina

Piazza Vescovio takes its name from the homonymous ancient locality in the municipality of Torri in Sabina, in the Province of Rieti. Although the correct accentuation is *Vescovìo*, there is a widespread tendency to pronounce the toponym as *Vescòvio* due to an incorrect phonetic interpretation. In the vicinity of the square, many streets recall toponyms of municipalities or valleys of the Sabina:

Italian irredentism

Several streets are dedicated to geographic areas inhabited, in whole or in part, currently or in the past, by Italians, but which have never politically joined (or are no longer included in) the Italian state (and therefore considered by some to be "*irredent Italy*"); or, on the contrary, which have passed to the Kingdom of Italy after the victory over the Austro-Hungarian Empire in the World War I (1918):

Italian opera composers and madrigalists

In the vicinity of Viale Somalia there is a group of streets whose names are a tribute to Italian opera composers – Arrigo Boito, Niccolò Piccinni, Pietro Mascagni, Alessandro Vessella – or madrigalists – Felice Anerio.

References to the monuments in the quarter

Piazza Annibaliano takes its name from the husband of the empress Constantina, whose mausoleum stands a few meters away.

Via di Priscilla and Via di Novella are located near the Catacomb of Priscilla.

The square surrounding the so-called *Sedia del Diavolo* bears the name of Elius Callistius, the freedman of Hadrian to whom the sepulchral monument was erected.

## Sport

* *Somalia Sport Club*: since the 1970s, the quarter Trieste houses one of the most well-known sports facilities in the capital, the Somalia Sport Club in Largo Somalia nr. 60 (former American Health Club and later Roman Sport Center), a real institution in the field of indoor sports and recreational activities, in which important celebrities and politics, among others, have trained for years.

In 2014 it was the scene of a scandal related to the bankruptcy of the company that managed it, which caused its impromptu closure. Following this event, the facility remained closed for over a year, until it was reopened by a new company in late 2015. Today the facility has returned to its former grace with the name of Somalia Sport Club and represents a point of reference for indoor sport throughout the northern quadrant of the town.

## Bibliography

* Giorgio Carpaneto; others (1997). *I quartieri di Roma*. Rome: Newton Compton Editori.
* Giorgio Carpaneto (1991). "QUARTIERE XVII. TRIESTE". *I Rioni e i Quartieri di Roma*. Vol. 7. Rome: Newton Compton Editori.
* Claudio Rendina; Donatella Paradisi (2004). *Le strade di Roma*. Vol. 1. Rome: Newton Compton Editori.
* Claudio Rendina (2006). *I quartieri di Roma*. Vol. 1. Rome: Newton Compton Editori.

## InfoBox

| Q. XVII Trieste | |
| --- | --- |
| *Quartiere* of Rome | |
| Fontana delle Rane in the Quartiere Coppedè, Piazza Mincio | |
| Position of the *quartiere* within the city of Rome | |
| Country | Italy |
| Region | Lazio |
| Province | Rome |
| Comune | Rome |
| Municipio | Municipio Roma II |
| Area | |
| Total | 1.4310 sq mi (3.7063 km2) |
| Population | |
| Total | 62,142 |
| Density | 43,420/sq mi (16,766/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: Trevor Somerville

abstract: Trevor Somerville was an Australian rules footballer who played with South Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL). A ruckman, Somerville came to South Melbourne from Latrobe Valley Football League club Trafalgar. He made 49 league appearances for South Melbourne, from 1963 to 1967. In 1968 he coached in the Northern Tasmanian Football Association, at North Launceston. For the next two years he played with and coached Maffra, back in Latrobe Valley, then switched to Sale in 1971 and steered his new club to a premiership that season. He is the younger brother of Essendon player John Somerville.

text:
# Trevor Somerville

**Trevor Somerville** (18 April 1944 – 22 December 2001) was an Australian rules footballer who played with South Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

A ruckman, Somerville came to South Melbourne from Latrobe Valley Football League club Trafalgar. He made 49 league appearances for South Melbourne, from 1963 to 1967. In 1968 he coached in the Northern Tasmanian Football Association, at North Launceston. For the next two years he played with and coached Maffra, back in Latrobe Valley, then switched to Sale in 1971 and steered his new club to a premiership that season.

He is the younger brother of Essendon player John Somerville.

## InfoBox

| Trevor Somerville | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Date of birth | (1944-04-18)18 April 1944 | | |
| Date of death | 22 December 2001(2001-12-22) (aged 57) | | |
| Original team(s) | Trafalgar | | |
| Height | 193 cm (6 ft 4 in) | | |
| Weight | 87 kg (192 lb) | | |
| Playing career1 | | | |
| Years | **Club** | **Games (Goals)** |
| 1963–1967 | South Melbourne | 49 (4) |
| 1 Playing statistics correct to the end of 1967. | | | |
| Sources: AFL Tables, AustralianFootball.com | | | |


title: Trifolium fucatum

abstract: Trifolium fucatum is a species of clover known by the common names bull clover and sour clover. It is native to the western United States, where it grows in many types of habitat, becoming common to abundant in some areas. It is an edible species of clover.

text:
# Trifolium fucatum

***Trifolium fucatum*** is a species of clover known by the common names **bull clover** and **sour clover**. It is native to the western United States (California and Oregon), where it grows in many types of habitat, becoming common to abundant in some areas. It is an edible species of clover.

## Description

*Trifolium fucatum* is an annual herb growing decumbent to erect in form. The stem is often thick-walled and hollow. The leaf blades are made up of oval or rounded leaflets with smooth or toothed edges, and the leaves have large stipules.

The inflorescence is a head of flowers with a base of wide bracts. Each flower corolla is 1 to 2 centimeters long and white or yellowish with purple tips. The flower becomes inflated as the fruit develops.

## Planting

When planting, scatter bull clover seeds in places that are free of weedy grasses. Try not to plant along with non-native clover species because they will be competition for native clovers.

The clover is susceptible to attacks from non-native slugs and snails, so measures may need to be taken to repel them.

## Uses

The leaves, flowers, young seedpods, and seeds are edible. Bull clover can be eaten before and during flowering. It can be eaten raw, baked, or steamed. Take care to remove a few leaves from each plant rather than destroying an entire plant when harvesting leaves for consumption. Bull clover has a better taste when grown in moist soils. Indigenous peoples were recorded as consuming the clovers from February to April, prior to the plants blooming.

It is recommended that the plant be dipped or boiled in salt water prior to consumption in order to prevent digestive upset. A small amount should be eaten in order to see how the body responds. In most cases, consuming moderate amounts of bull clover occurs without issue.

## InfoBox

| *Trifolium fucatum* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Fabales |
| Family: | Fabaceae |
| Subfamily: | Faboideae |
| Genus: | *Trifolium* |
| Species: | ***T. fucatum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Trifolium fucatum***<br>Lindl. | |
|


title: Trifolium glomeratum

abstract: Trifolium glomeratum is a species of clover known by the common names clustered clover and bush clover. It is native to Eurasia and North Africa and it is known elsewhere as an introduced species. It easily takes hold in disturbed areas, becoming a common weed. It is an annual herb growing decumbent to upright in form with mostly hairless herbage. The leaves are made up of oval leaflets up to 1.2 centimeters in length. The inflorescences occur in leaf axils, each a headlike cluster of many flowers. Each flower has a calyx of sepals with triangular points that bend outward, and a pink corolla.

text:
# Trifolium glomeratum

***Trifolium glomeratum*** is a species of clover known by the common names **clustered clover** and **bush clover**. It is native to Eurasia and North Africa and it is known elsewhere as an introduced species. It easily takes hold in disturbed areas, becoming a common weed. It is an annual herb growing decumbent to upright in form with mostly hairless herbage. The leaves are made up of oval leaflets up to 1.2 centimeters in length. The inflorescences occur in leaf axils, each a headlike cluster of many flowers. Each flower has a calyx of sepals with triangular points that bend outward, and a pink corolla.

## InfoBox

| *Trifolium glomeratum* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Fabales |
| Family: | Fabaceae |
| Subfamily: | Faboideae |
| Genus: | *Trifolium* |
| Species: | ***T. glomeratum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Trifolium glomeratum***<br>L. | |
|


title: Triplarina nitchaga

abstract: Triplarina nitchaga is a species of flowering plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae and is endemic to a restricted area of north Queensland. It is a shrub with lance-shaped leaves with the narrower end towards the base, flowers with five sepals, five white petals and seventeen or eighteen stamens.

text:
# Triplarina nitchaga

***Triplarina nitchaga*** is a species of flowering plant in the myrtle family, Myrtaceae and is endemic to a restricted area of north Queensland. It is a shrub with lance-shaped leaves with the narrower end towards the base, flowers with five sepals, five white petals and seventeen or eighteen stamens.

## Description

*Triplarina nitchaga* is a shrub that typically grows to a height of up to 2.5 m (8 ft 2 in) and has a grey, scaly bark. The leaves are lance-shaped with the narrower end towards the base, 3.8–5.5 mm (0.15–0.22 in) long and 1.0–1.5 mm (0.039–0.059 in) wide on a petiole 0.4–0.6 mm (0.016–0.024 in) long. The flowers are arranged in leaf axils in pairs or threes on a peduncle 0.8–1.0 mm (0.031–0.039 in) long. Each flower is 4.5–5.0 mm (0.18–0.20 in) in diameter with bracts 0.5–0.6 mm (0.020–0.024 in) long. The sepal lobes are about 0.5 mm (0.020 in) long and 0.8–1.0 mm (0.031–0.039 in) wide and more or less round and the petals are white and 1.5–2.0 mm (0.059–0.079 in) wide. There are seventeen or eighteen stamens on filaments about 1.2 mm (0.047 in) long. Flowering has been recorded in September and October and the fruit is a hemispherical to conical capsule 1.6–1.9 mm (0.063–0.075 in) long.

## Taxonomy and naming

*Triplarina nitchaga* was first formally described by Anthony Bean in 1995 and the description was published in the journal *Austrobaileya* from specimens collected near Nitchaga Creek near Ravenshoe in 1994. The specific epithet (*nitchaga*) refers to the type location.

## Distribution and habitat

This triplarina is only known from two localities near Ravenshoe where it grows in open forest.

## Conservation status

*Triplarina nitchaga* is classified as "vulnerable" under the Australian Government *Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999* and the Queensland Government *Nature Conservation Act 1992*.

## InfoBox

| *Triplarina nitchaga* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Vulnerable  (EPBC Act) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Myrtales |
| Family: | Myrtaceae |
| Genus: | *Triplarina* |
| Species: | ***T. nitchaga*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Triplarina nitchaga***
A.R.Bean | |
|


title: Trigonopterus halimunensis

abstract: Trigonopterus halimunensis is a species of flightless weevil in the genus Trigonopterus from Indonesia.

text:
# Trigonopterus halimunensis

***Trigonopterus halimunensis*** is a species of flightless weevil in the genus *Trigonopterus* from Indonesia.

## Etymology

The specific name is derived from that of the type locality.

## Description

Individuals measure 2.53–3.00 mm in length. General coloration black, with a rust-colored head, antennae, legs, and part of the elytra.

## Range

The species is found around elevations of 1,429–1,756 metres (4,688–5,761 ft) in Mount Halimun Salak National Park in the Indonesian province of West Java.

## Phylogeny

*T. halimunensis* is part of the *T. dimorphus* species group.

## InfoBox

| *Trigonopterus halimunensis* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Curculionidae |
| Genus: | *Trigonopterus* |
| Species: | ***T. halimunensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Trigonopterus halimunensis***<br>Riedel, 2014 | |
|


title: The Dancing Death

abstract: The Dancing Death is a 1920 Austrian silent film directed by Jacob Fleck and Luise Fleck and starring Karl Ehmann, Liane Haid and Max Neufeld.

text:
# The Dancing Death

***The Dancing Death*** (German: ***Der tanzende Tod***) is a 1920 Austrian silent film directed by Jacob Fleck and Luise Fleck and starring Karl Ehmann, Liane Haid and Max Neufeld.

## Cast

## Bibliography

* Parish, Robert. *Film Actors Guide*. Scarecrow Press, 1977.

## InfoBox

| The Dancing Death | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by |  |
| Written by | Max Neufeld |
| Produced by |  |
| Starring |  |
| Production<br>company | Wiener Kunstfilm |
| Release date | * 9 April 1920 (1920-04-09) |
| Country | Austria |
| Languages |  |


title: PBI Regional Medical Center

abstract: The PBI Regional Medical Center was a hospital in Passaic, New Jersey which was located on Boulevard, between Oak Street and Howe Avenue.

text:
# PBI Regional Medical Center

The **PBI Regional Medical Center** was a hospital in Passaic, New Jersey which was located on Boulevard, between Oak Street and Howe Avenue (now home to St. Mary's Hospital).

## History

The building was the original home of the General Hospital Center at Passaic, or Passaic General for short. The PBI in the name came from the former Passaic Beth Israel Hospital, which was located on Parker Avenue.

Shortly after Atlantic Healthcare Systems, which owned Passaic General, sold the hospital, Passaic General began to have financial trouble. To consolidate, both Passaic General and Beth Israel were merged into one hospital system, which became known as PBI Regional, and consolidated their operations to the Boulevard building (Beth Israel Hospital was subsequently demolished, 2005).

The financial struggles continued for PBI after the merger, and eventually the hospital was taken over by the St. Mary's system, which moved their operations to the site and reduced Passaic to one hospital where three had existed prior to the merger.

Some episodes of *The Sopranos* were shot at PBI Regional Medical Center.

Today the former PBI Regional Medical Center Campus is being transformed into: Dayton Avenue Educational Campus.. The Dayton Avenue Educational Campus will include a Pre-Kindergarten, Elementary and Middle School on a 12-acre site. The new 448,000 square-foot school will educate approximately 2,760 students in grades pre-kindergarten through eight. https://www.njsda.gov/NJSDA/ProjectSchoolDetails/SchoolGrantDetails?vProjectID=31-3970-x03&vSchoolDistrict=Passaic%20City

40°51′33″N 74°08′14″W / 40.8592°N 74.1373°W / 40.8592; -74.1373


abstract: The Banquet of the Officers of the St George Militia Company is an oil-on-canvas painting by the Dutch artist Frans Hals, painted from 1626 - 1627, during the Dutch Golden Age. Today, the piece is considered one of the main attractions of the Frans Hals Museum.    This group portrait or schuttersstuk of the St. George civic guard of Haarlem serves as the celebration of a banquet for the officers, commemorating their end of service. Hals's group portraiture is well known for its unique and groundbreaking approach to group portraits, using spontaneous and loose brushstrokes, along with expert use of color that create lively visuals and palpable interaction among the officers within the piece.

text:
# The Banquet of the Officers of the St George Militia Company in 1627

***The Banquet of the Officers of the St George Militia Company*** is an oil-on-canvas painting by the Dutch artist Frans Hals, painted from 1626 - 1627, during the Dutch Golden Age. Today, the piece is considered one of the main attractions of the Frans Hals Museum.

This group portrait or *schuttersstuk* of the St. George (or St. Joris) civic guard of Haarlem serves as the celebration of a banquet for the officers, commemorating their end of service.

Hals's group portraiture is well known for its unique and groundbreaking approach to group portraits, using spontaneous and loose brushstrokes, along with expert use of color that create lively visuals and palpable interaction among the officers within the piece.

## Analysis

The painting consists of multiple Haarlem schutterij officers sitting near a long table in the banquet hall of St St. Jorisdoelen (now called the Proveniershuis). Each man wears a sash that represents their company; all three are represented with their flag-bearers wearing the colors orange, white or blue. The figures are varied and have a lot of implied movement. The way the officers bodies are displayed show them having interactions between one another in smaller groups while others look to the side or forward as if something that we are not seeing has their attention.

### Identity of figures

At the head of the table is Colonel Aart Jansz Druyvesteyn; he wears an orange sash holding a glass of wine sitting at the table on the left, looking at Captain Michiel de Wael with an empty glass. The men featured are from left to right; Lieutenant Cornelis Boudewijns (standing above Colonel Aernout Druyvesteyn), Captain Nicolaes Verbeek, Flag bearer Boudewijn van Offenberg, Lieutenant Jacob Pietersz Olycan, Captain Michiel de Wael, and above him, standing, is Flag bearer Dirck Dicx looking down at Jacob Olycan. Just behind him in the background is the servant Arent Jacobsz Koets, and below him, seated, is Lieutenant Frederik Coning. Behind the servant in the far right, is the flag bearer Jacob Cornelisz Schout who towers above the dwarf in the lower right, Captain Nicolaes le Febure.

## Historical context

During the Eighty Years War or Dutch Revolt, Dutch cities had an established network of able-bodied recruitments of militiamen to keep their cities safe. These reserves of militia were established during the late Middle Ages, serving as far back as Haarlem in 1374. They consisted of archers and crossbowmen until the Spanish occupation killed three hundred servicemen in 1573. After Spanish occupation ceased in 1580, new officers were elected to lead four new militia companies of servicemen. This included St George Guild (of archers and crossbowmen) and St Hadrian Guild (of new modern riflemen), with an additional third unit in 1612.

According to Claus Grimm, from the top, the hierarchy of a guild starts with a colonel, and the administrative coordinator is the closest subordinate supervising each company. Each company is led by a captain, a lieutenant, two sergeants, and an ensign, who were standard-bearers of the company's flag.

Militia men also had to pay for their service, with only well-known citizens and wealthy members serving as officers. Additionally, people could not join the civic guard if they could not afford a uniform and weaponry. The highest ranks came from the wealthy merchant class, such as Captain Michiel de Wael who was a popular tavern keep in the region.

During the Dutch Golden Age, Frans Hals had painted five schuttersstukken or group portraits of various Haarlem companies between the years 1616 to 1639. The group portrait for The Banquet of the Officers of the St George Militia Company in 1627 was commissioned by the members of the company to commemorate the end of their three years of service. The artist would be reimbursed equally by each member, though some members had the potential in paying more than what they were owed, which they used to adjust their placement on the painting. On the other end, those that were not able to pay their sum would have a diminished role in their placement on the canvas.

## Subject matter

### Style

Frans' portraiture depicting the St George Militia Company is heavily focused on impressionism; the loose and brisk brushstrokes are very clear up close, but allow the details to come out from afar. The painting is group portraiture but can also be seen as a genre painting, as it portrays an event where the figures are captured and frozen at a moment in time. Frans Hals's group portraiture, as described by art historian Ann Sutherland Harris, evokes what is called "seeming realism" as they tend to feel very lifelike despite the subject being fake. The reason for this is that this painting was not created in front of the civic guard during the banquet; Frans Hals made an original composition and later had each of the members model for him in his studio.

### Composition

In Ann Sutherland Harris' book, *Seventeenth-century Art and Architecture,* Harris praises Hals for his compositional prowess and that his methods in painting this series of schuttersstukken allow for varied events all throughout. How the figures are arranged and how their body language is translated is very life-like. He utilizes varying heights across the canvas, giving the piece depth, while also placing the officers in the front, having them turn around as if to look forward. This choice created this extra illusion of interaction where the figures are looking at someone outside the borders of the painting. It displays this sense of realism that feels like a moment taken out of time.

Hals was more concerned on how the arrangement and body language of the officers interacted in the piece over any kind of symbolism, a bi-product of the Dutch Golden Age that came from the emphasis on group portraiture. Frans wanted to emphasize the individual silhouettes in excerpts of conversations and interacting movements, any ceremonial symbolism in the banquet was only minor.

### Color

As a colorist, Frans Hals expertly applies vibrant colors deducing each of the members of the civic guard clearly. A prominent example can be found in the standard bearer, Boudewijn van Offenberg, the oranges contrast well with the deep darks of his uniform. His spontaneous but deliberate brushstrokes bring out the folds and texture of his uniform that evokes realism but still rooted in impressionism.

## Provenance

The painting previously hung with others in the old "St. Jorisdoelen" complex, known today as the Proveniershuis. The paintings by Hals and others hung in the main hall of the complex in the Grote Houtstraat. Today a hofje with the main hall used as a restaurant, the main buildings were used for years as an inn, where the schutterstukken were tourist attractions. Today all of the schutterstukken that once hung here have been transferred to the Frans Hals Museum.

## Sources

* Hell, M. (2014). *WorldCat.org*. OCLC WorldCat.org. https://www.worldcat.org/
* Harris, Ann Sutherland (2005). *Seventeenth-century Art and Architecture*. Laurence King Publishing. ISBN 978-1-85669-415-5.
* Tummers, A., Atkins, C. D. M., & Richards, L. (2013). *Frans Hals: Eye to eye with Rembrandt, Rubens and Titian*. Frans Hals Museum.
* Grimm, C., Riehle, J., & Hals, F. (1990). *Frans Hals: The complete work*. H.N. Abrams.
* Hals, F., & Baard, H. P. (1981). *Frans Hals*. H.N. Abrams.
* De Haarlemse Schuttersstukken, by Jhr. Mr. C.C. van Valkenburg, pp. 47–76, Haerlem : jaarboek 1961, ISSN 0927-0728
* Frans Hals: Exhibition on the Occasion of the Centenary of the Municipal Museum at Haarlem, 1862–1962., pp 36–38, publication Frans Hals Museum, 1962
* Banquet of the Officers of the St George Militia Company in 1627 in the RKD

## InfoBox

| The Banquet of the Officers of the St George Militia Company in 1627 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Artist | Frans Hals |
| Year | c. 1626 - 1627 |
| Medium | Oil on canvas |
| Dimensions | 179 cm x 257.5 cm (70 1/2 in x 101 1/2 in |
| Location | Frans Hals Museum, Haarlem |


title: Mikołaj Oleśnicki the younger

abstract: Mikołaj Oleśnicki the younger was a Polish nobleman and latterly voivode of Lublin. He was son of Jan Oleśnicki, lord of Chmielnik in the voivodie of Sandomir His uncle was Lord Mikołaj Oleśnicki the elder a Polish Calvinist nobleman who established the first Protestant academy in Poland at Pińczów in 1550, and his aunt Zofia Oleśnicka was the first notable Polish woman poet. Raised a Calvinist, he converted in 1598 to Roman Catholicism, and became an important figure at court.

text:
# Mikołaj Oleśnicki the younger

**Mikołaj Oleśnicki** the younger (30 April 1558 - 13 December 1629) was a Polish nobleman and latterly voivode of Lublin. He was son of Jan Oleśnicki, lord of Chmielnik in the voivodie of Sandomir His uncle was Lord Mikołaj Oleśnicki the elder (d. 1556) a Polish Calvinist nobleman who established the first Protestant academy in Poland at Pińczów in 1550, and his aunt Zofia Oleśnicka (d. c.1567) was the first notable Polish woman poet.

Raised a Calvinist, he converted in 1598 to Roman Catholicism, and became an important figure at court.


title: Vivian Cheung

abstract: Vivian Cheung is a British entertainment entrepreneur. She is the co-owner of the Titan Entertainment Group, with her partner Nick Landau, which comprises the Forbidden Planet Limited store chain and Titan Publishing Group. Cheung, a fantasy and pop culture expert, co-owns Titan Entertainment Group with her business partner and husband, Nick Landau.

text:
# Vivian Cheung

**Vivian Cheung** is a British entertainment entrepreneur. She is the co-owner of the Titan Entertainment Group, with her partner Nick Landau, which comprises the Forbidden Planet Limited store chain and Titan Publishing Group.

Cheung, a fantasy and pop culture expert, co-owns Titan Entertainment Group with her business partner and husband, Nick Landau.

## Career

Cheung set up the Titan Entertainment Group in 1993 with Nick Landau. The group now includes the Forbidden Planet mega stores (including the flagship London store), Titan Books, Titan Comics and Titan Merchandise.

## Interviews

## InfoBox

| Vivian Cheung | |
| --- | --- |
| Area(s) | Retailer, editor, publisher |
| Notable works | Titan Entertainment Group<br>Forbidden Planet |
| Spouse(s) | Nick Landau |


title: Vincenzo Periti

abstract: Vincenzo Periti was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Lavello (1615–1618).

text:
# Vincenzo Periti

**Vincenzo Periti** (1564 – 19 August 1618) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Lavello (1615–1618).

## Biography

Vincenzo Periti was born in San Felice, Italy in 1564. On 18 May 1615, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Paul V as Bishop of Lavello. On 28 May 1615, he was consecrated bishop by Giovanni Garzia Mellini, Cardinal-Priest of Santi Quattro Coronati with Ascanio Gesualdo, Archbishop of Bari-Canosa, and Giovanni Battista del Tufo, Bishop Emeritus of Acerra, serving as co-consecrators. He served as Bishop of Lavello until his death on 19 August 1618.

## InfoBox

| Most Reverend
Vincenzo Periti | |
| --- | --- |
| Bishop of Lavello | |
| Church | Catholic Church |
| Diocese | Diocese of Lavello |
| In office | 1615–1618 |
| Predecessor | Selvaggio Primitelli |
| Successor | Giambattista Dal Mare |
| Orders | |
| Consecration | 28 May 1615
by Giovanni Garzia Mellini |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1564
San Felice, Italy |
| Died | 19 August 1618 (age 54)
Lavello, Italy |
| Nationality | Italian |


title: Sid Tanenbaum

abstract: Sidney Harold Tanenbaum was an American professional basketball player. He was twice a consensus first-team All-American and twice a Haggerty Award winner. He went on to play professionally for the New York Knicks and the Baltimore Bullets.

text:
# Sid Tanenbaum

**Sidney Harold Tanenbaum** (October 8, 1925 – September 4, 1986) was an American professional basketball player. He was twice a consensus first-team All-American (in 1946 and 1947) and twice a Haggerty Award winner (1946 and 1947). He went on to play professionally for the New York Knicks and the Baltimore Bullets.

## Early life

Tanenbaum was born in Brooklyn, New York, grew up in its Brownsville neighborhood, and was Jewish. He was an all-scholastic player at Thomas Jefferson High School. He met his wife, Bobbie Wolfson, in college when he was a junior.

## Basketball career

A 6' 0" guard/forward, Tanenbaum played college basketball at New York University, where he was captain of the team in 1947, and was a two-time All-American and two-time Haggerty Award winner as the outstanding player in the metropolitan area. He also won the 1947 Bar Kochba Award, which honored him as the best Jewish American athlete in the nation, and was named first team All-Met in all four of his varsity seasons. Wilbur Wood, the sports editor of the *New York Sun*, wrote of Tanenbaum in 1947: "He is the finest all-around basketball performer ever to don Violet livery." He left NYU as the school's all-time leading scorer, with 992 points. NYU annually awards its top student-athlete the Sid Tanenbaum Memorial Award.

Tanenbaum played two seasons (1947–1949) in the Basketball Association of America as a member of the New York Knicks and Baltimore Bullets. On February 11, 1949, the New York Knicks traded him to the Baltimore Bullets for Connie Simmons. He scored 633 points in 70 games and tallied 162 assists. He was inducted into the New York City Basketball Hall of Fame, and in 1997 into the International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame.

## Personal life

After his basketball career, Tanenbaum lived in Woodmere, New York, with his wife Barbara and sons Steven and Michael (an optometrist). He owned a machine shop specializing in metal spinning and stamping in Far Rockaway, Queens, known as the Able Metal Spinning and Stamping.

## Murder

Tanenbaum was murdered on September 4, 1986, aged 60, when he was stabbed to death by a local 37-year-old woman in his shop. Police described Tanenbaum as "something of a benefactor in his neighborhood" who often gave money to people living in the streets. According to reports, he was stabbed because he decided to stop lending money to his attacker after assisting her many times in the past, and when he turned his back she attacked him. His killer, Molly Dotsun, was sentenced to 21 years in prison.

The basketball courts at the park in North Woodmere, New York, are named after Tanenbaum. Since 1986, they have hosted the Sid Tanenbaum Memorial Basketball Tournament that raises scholarship money for students in the Five Towns.

## BAA career statistics

| Legend | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| GP | Games played | FG% | Field-goal percentage |
| FT% | Free-throw percentage | APG | Assists per game |
| PPG | Points per game | **Bold** | Career high |

### Regular season

| Year | Team | GP | FG% | FT% | APG | PPG |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1947–48 | New York | 24 | .250 | .838 | 1.5 | **10.1** |
| 1948–49 | New York | **32** | .283 | **.844** | 2.2 | 8.0 |
| 1948–49 | Baltimore | 14 | **.309** | .791 | **3.9** | 9.6 |
| Career | | 70 | .274 | .830 | 2.3 | 9.0 |

### Playoffs

| Year | Team | GP | FG% | FT% | APG | PPG |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1948 | New York | **3** | **.333** | .727 | 1.3 | **10.0** |
| 1949 | Baltimore | **3** | .207 | **1.000** | **3.3** | 5.7 |
| Career | | 6 | .274 | .813 | 2.3 | 7.8 |

## InfoBox

Sid Tanenbaum
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1925-10-08)October 8, 1925
Brooklyn, New York, U.S. |
| Died | September 4, 1986(1986-09-04) (aged 60)
Queens, New York, U.S. |
| Listed height | 6 ft 0 in (1.83 m) |
| Listed weight | 160 lb (73 kg) |
| Career information | |
| High school | Thomas Jefferson
(Brooklyn, New York) |
| College | NYU (1943–1947) |
| BAA draft | 1947: undrafted |
| Playing career | 1947–1949 |
| Position | Guard |
| Number | 6, 9 |
| Career history | |
| 19471949 | New York Knicks |
| 1949 | Baltimore Bullets |
|  | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Career BAA statistics | |
| Points | 633 (9.0 ppg) |
| Assists | 162 (2.3 apg) |
|  | |
| Stats  at NBA.com | |
| Stats  at Basketball-Reference.com | |


title: United Linux

abstract: United Linux was an attempt by a consortium of Linux distributors to create a common base distribution for enterprise use, so as to minimize duplication of engineering effort and form an effective competitor to Red Hat. The founding members of United Linux were SUSE, Turbolinux, Conectiva and Caldera International. The consortium was announced on May 30, 2002. The end of the project was announced on January 22, 2004.

text:
# United Linux

**United Linux** was an attempt by a consortium of Linux distributors to create a common base distribution for enterprise use, so as to minimize duplication of engineering effort and form an effective competitor to Red Hat. The founding members of United Linux were SUSE, Turbolinux, Conectiva (now merged with *MandrakeSoft* to form Mandriva) and Caldera International (later renamed to The SCO Group). The consortium was announced on May 30, 2002. The end of the project was announced on January 22, 2004.

## Formation

With the rise of Linux during the 1990s, Linux distributions proliferated. Since the Linux kernel and GNU were both free software, anyone could put together and market a distribution. Many industry observers feared fragmentation and wide-ranging incompatibility, similar to the UNIX wars of the early 1990s.

The first moves towards the United Linux project were made at COMDEX in November 1999. There were a number of false starts, but the participants consistently agreed that a unified Linux platform for business made sense. The key factors for success were identified early in 2000.

Starting in March and April 2002, the United Linux board put together a base technical specification, getting input from the four consortium members and their business partners and vendors.

**UnitedLinux, LLC** was formed May 29, 2002 and the project was announced to the world on May 30, 2002. Two legal agreements were signed by the founding members at this time, the Master Transaction Agreement (MTA) and the Joint Development Contract (JDC); the JDC was also signed by UnitedLinux, LLC. These contracts provided, in part, that intellectual property related to UnitedLinux Software (with certain exceptions) would be assigned to UnitedLinux, LLC. Further, "\[e\]ach member shall have a broad, royalty-free license to all intellectual property rights in the UnitedLinux Software, entitling each member to "use, copy, modify, distribute, market, advertise, sell, offer for sale, sublicense ... in any manner the Software, including the rights to make derivative works of the Software, to provide access to the Source Code and/or Object Code to any third party, to incorporate the Software into other products or bundle the Software with other products for its own business purposes and any other unlimited right of exploitation"; existing open source licenses, such as the GNU General Public License, also continued to apply. Disputes were to be settled via International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) arbitration.

A first beta was released to United Linux member partners on August 14, 2002, a public beta was released on September 25, 2002 and United Linux 1.0 was released on November 19, 2002.

*For a detailed case study in what led one of the four partners to embrace the ideals of United Linux see Caldera OpenLinux.*

## Technical overview

The distribution was based on SUSE Linux and the Linux Standard Base, with the plan being for SUSE to do most of the engineering work and SCO, Turbolinux and Conectiva primarily to market the distribution in their territories and markets.

It was planned that version 1.0 would take six to eight months to release, be the current version for one year and be supported for another year after the release of 2.0. Minimum technical requirements were:

## Ending

On January 20, 2004, SCO filed a lawsuit, against Novell, the then-current owner of SuSE.

The end of United Linux was announced in a Novell press conference on January 22, 2004 by Richard Seibt, president of the SUSE division. The stated reason was that the SCO v. IBM lawsuit and The SCO Group's public attacks on Linux had made the alliance unworkable.

It emerged that no real work had been done on United Linux since soon after SCO v. IBM had started, and that SUSE had ceased active participation around this time. The last United Linux announcements were of Oracle Corporation support for it on 13 March 2003, and of AMD64 CPU support on 22 April 2003.

While some have reported that UnitedLinux ended, in fact the group did not gain consensus to dissolve the partnership and the legal entity remains in effect.

The SCO v. Novell complaint was amended on February 3, 2006 to add copyright infringement claims, relating to Novell's distribution of SuSE Linux. Novell responded on April 10 by filing a Request for Arbitration with the ICC, and asking that SCO's claims be stayed in the district court. They argued in the Request that through the MTA and JDC, "the UnitedLinux members agreed that each member would have an irrevocable, perpetual, and worldwide license to use and unlimitedly exploit any intellectual property rights of the other members in the UnitedLinux Software, which would be transferred to the LLC for this very purpose." Novell's motion to stay was granted in part, for those of SCO's claims relating to SuSE.

On September 14, 2007, SCO filed for bankruptcy, and on November 13, the court ruled at SCO's request that the arbitration was automatically stayed.

SuSE filed a motion to lift this stay on November 10, 2009. However, SCO objected on December 15, and SUSE's motion was denied on January 15, 2010.

1. UnitedLinux, LLC Limited Liability Company Agreement
2. "Declaration of Michael A. Jacobs in Support of Novell's Motion to Stay" (PDF). *GrokLaw*. 2006-04-10. p. 53.
3. "Order Granting In Part Novell's Motion to Stay" (PDF). *GrokLaw*. 2006-08-21.
4. "Caldera CEO waves UnitedLinux banner - TechUpdate - ZDNet". 2004-11-16. Archived from the original on 2004-11-16. Retrieved 2024-01-23.
5. "SCO's Complaint In the Third Judicial District Court of Salt Lake County, State of Utah" (PDF). *GrokLaw*. 2004-01-20.
6. "UnitedLinux, RIP". eWeek. 2004-01-23.
7. "SCO's Second Amended Complaint" (PDF). *GrokLaw*. 2006-02-03.
8. "Novell's Motion to Stay Claims Subject to Arbitration" (PDF). *GrokLaw*. 2006-04-10.
9. "Voluntary Petition for Chapter 11 Bankruptcy" (PDF). *GrokLaw*. 2007-09-14.
10. "Order Granting Debtor the SCO Group Inc.'s Motion to Enforce the Automatic Stay" (PDF). *GrokLaw*. 2007-11-13.
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