title: Patrick Serrière

abstract: Patrick Serrière is a French former international rugby union player. Born in Saint-Cloud, Serrière was a product of Columérien Olympic and played his senior rugby with the Paris-based Racing Club de France, which he captained to the 1989–90 Brennus Shield title. Serrière, a 6 ft 7 in lock, won three France caps, debuting against the Wallabies in Sydney in 1986. He featured against Romania the following year and gained his third cap in a win over England during France's championship-winning 1988 Five Nations campaign, both times deputising an injured Alain Lorieux.

text:
# Patrick Serrière

**Patrick Serrière** (born 7 July 1960) is a French former international rugby union player.

Born in Saint-Cloud, Serrière was a product of Columérien Olympic and played his senior rugby with the Paris-based Racing Club de France, which he captained to the 1989–90 Brennus Shield title.

Serrière, a 6 ft 7 in lock, won three France caps, debuting against the Wallabies in Sydney in 1986. He featured against Romania the following year and gained his third cap in a win over England during France's championship-winning 1988 Five Nations campaign, both times deputising an injured Alain Lorieux.

## InfoBox

Patrick Serrière
| Date of birth | (1960-07-07) 7 July 1960 |
| --- | --- |
| Place of birth | Saint-Cloud, France |
| Height | 6 ft 7 in (201 cm) |
| Weight | 229 lb (104 kg) |
| Rugby union career | |
| **Position(s)**  Lock  International career  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  1986–88 France  3  (0) | |


title: Michael Wyschogrod

abstract: Michael Wyschogrod was a Jewish German-American philosopher of religion, Jewish theologian, and activist for Jewish–Christian interfaith dialogue. During his academic career he taught in philosophy and religion departments of several universities in the United States, Europe and Israel.

text:
# Michael Wyschogrod

**Michael Wyschogrod** (September 28, 1928 – December 17, 2015) was a Jewish German-American philosopher of religion, Jewish theologian, and activist for Jewish–Christian interfaith dialogue. During his academic career he taught in philosophy and religion departments of several universities in the United States, Europe and Israel.

## Early life

Michael Wyschogrod was born in Berlin, Germany, on September 28, 1928, the second child of Paul Wyschogrod and Margaret Ungar. His father, a Hungarian chess master who discouraged his son from pursuing this interest, had moved his family to Berlin from Budapest after the breakup of the Austro-Hungarian Empire a decade earlier. As a child, Wyschogrod spent summers in Budapest, visiting his maternal grandparents. The family fled Nazi Germany and arrived in the United States on July 3, 1939, when Wyschogrod was ten years old.

## Education

Wyschogrod associated himself with the Modern Orthodox movement within Orthodox Judaism, and the schools he attended as a child reflect this movement's emphasis on combining high-quality Jewish and secular instruction. He attended the Orthodox Adas Yisroel school in Berlin and then, after emigrating to New York City in 1939, the Yiddish-speaking *Yeshiva Torah Vodaas* day school in Brooklyn, New York, from which he graduated high school in 1945. It was here that Wyschogrod studied under Rabbi Shlomo Heiman, from whom he came to appreciate "that part of the Torah that cannot be written down but transmitted only in the being of the person whose everyday conduct exemplifies it." Subsequently he studied Talmud with Rabbi Joseph B. Soloveitchik at Yeshiva University from 1946 to 1952.

He embarked upon the study of philosophy at City College of New York in 1946, where he found himself drawn into the study of Christian Theology after reading the work of Kierkegaard. He completed his B.S.S. in 1949. He then went on to graduate study in philosophy at Columbia University, where he earned his Ph.D. in 1953. He wrote a dissertation which was later published under the title *Kierkegaard and Heidegger: the Ontology of Existence.*

## Teaching career

Wyschogrod taught philosophy at several CUNY colleges and served as the head of the Philosophy Department at Baruch College of the City University of New York. In 1992 he was appointed Professor of Religious Studies at the University of Houston. He has been a guest professor at many universities in Israel, Europe, and the United States such as Bar Ilan University in Israel, University of Bern in Switzerland and Yeshiva University in New York, among others.

## Thought

Wyschogrod has been concerned primarily, in his activism and in his scholarly work, with the relationship, especially the theological dialogue, between Judaism and Christianity. His book *Abraham's Promise: Judaism and Jewish-Christian Relations* makes an appeal for a new non-supersessionist Christian view of Judaism. If Judaism and Christianity are to have a stable and harmonious co-existence in the future, then Christianity must dispense with or, at the very least, not openly insist on a status for Judaism in which Judaism is considered an incomplete or antiquated religion.

At the same time, Wyschogrod urges from the Jewish side that Jews not pursue a fallacious dismissal of the divinity of Christ that operates on a priori grounds. In other words, while Jews - Wyschogrod included - can and perhaps even should reject the divinity of Christ, they should not do so by attempting to argue that God's Incarnation in man is somehow inconsistent with the teaching of the Hebrew Bible. On the contrary, there is much merit to the Christological position that posits "the indwelling of God in Israel by concentrating that indwelling in one Jew rather than leaving it diffused in the people of Jesus as a whole."

Even Wyschogrod's writing that focuses solely on Jewish theology could be said to show evidence of the importance in his thought of dialogue between Jewish and Christian theology. His emphasis on the radical and sublime shock and force of God's choice to enter human history in and through the people of Israel, a unilateral and non-abrogable event, shows an affinity with the thought of the neo-orthodox Protestant theologian Karl Barth, whose work Wyschogrod considered relevant to Jewish theologians.

## Writings

Wyschogrod's best-known work is *The Body of Faith: God in the People Israel* (1989; 2nd edition: *The Body of Faith: God and the People Israel*). His *Abraham's Promise: Judaism and Jewish-Christian Relations* (2004) is a collection of some of his most seminal essays on Jewish-Christian relations from throughout his career.

## Personal life

Wyschogrod was married to the philosopher Edith Wyschogrod.

## Works

### Books

* (1989), *The Body of Faith*, Harper & Row, ISBN 978-006-069-706-8.
* ; Soulen, R. Kendall (2004), *Abraham's Promise*, Wm. B. Eerdmans, ISBN 978-080-281-355-8.

### As editor

* Soulen, R. Kendall. "A Biographical Sketch of Michael Wyschogrod", in Wyschogrod 2004, pp. xi–xiii.
* , *An Introduction to Michael Wyschogrod*, in Wyschogrod 2004, pp. 1–22.
* Wyschogrod, Michael (2004), Soulen, R. Kendall (ed.), *Abraham's Promise: Judaism and Jewish-Christian Relations*, Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans.


title: 1985 West of England Championships

abstract: The 1985 West of England Championships, also known as the Bristol Open, was a men's tennis tournament played on grass courts that was part of the 1985 Nabisco Grand Prix circuit. It was played at Bristol in Great Britain from 17 to 24 June 1985. The final could not be played on the outdoor grass courts due to persistent rain and was moved to an indoor court at David Lloyds Racket Club in Heston. Marty Davis won the singles final in front of just a handful of spectators and commented "I haven't really played in many finals, and I didn't really care if it had to be switched here or to the Falkand Islands, I was just delighted to win it".

text:
# 1985 West of England Championships

The **1985 West of England Championships**, also known as the **Bristol Open**, was a men's tennis tournament played on grass courts that was part of the 1985 Nabisco Grand Prix circuit. It was played at Bristol in Great Britain from 17 to 24 June 1985. The final could not be played on the outdoor grass courts due to persistent rain and was moved to an indoor court at David Lloyds Racket Club in Heston. Marty Davis won the singles final in front of just a handful of spectators and commented "I haven't really played in many finals, and I didn't really care if it had to be switched here or to the Falkand Islands, I was just delighted to win it".

## Finals

### Singles

Martin Davis defeated  Glenn Layendecker 4–6, 6–3, 7–5

* It was Davis' 1st singles title of the year and the 3rd of his career.

### Doubles

Eddie Edwards /  Danie Visser defeated  John Alexander /  Russell Simpson 6–4, 7–6

* It was Edwards' 2nd title of the year and the 4th of his career. It was Visser's only title of the year and the 1st of his career.

1. "1985 Bristol – Singles draw". Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP).
2. "1985 Bristol – Doubles draw". Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP).
3. David Irvine, ed. (1986). *Tennis Great Britain 1986*. Dennis Fairey & Associates. pp. 166–168. ISBN 9780951021514.

## InfoBox

| 1985 West of England Championships | |
| --- | --- |
| Date | 17–24 June |
| Edition | 6th |
| Category | Grand Prix circuit |
| Draw | 48S / 16D |
| Prize money | $100,000 |
| Surface | Grass / outdoor |
| Location | Bristol, England |
| Champions | |
| Singles | |
| Martin Davis | |
| Doubles | |
| Eddie Edwards /  Danie Visser | |
|  | |


title: Warenda, Queensland

abstract: Warenda is an outback locality in the Shire of Boulia, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, Warenda had "no people or a very low population".

text:
# Warenda, Queensland

**Warenda** is an outback locality in the Shire of Boulia, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, Warenda had "no people or a very low population".

## Geography

Warenda is in the Channel Country. All watercourses in this area are part of the Lake Eyre drainage basin, and most will dry up before their water reaches Lake Eyre.

The predominant land use is grazing on native vegetation.

## Demographics

In the 2016 census, Warenda had "no people or a very low population".

In the 2021 census, Warenda had "no people or a very low population".

## Education

There are no schools in Warenda. The nearest primary schools are in Boulia and Dajarra but might be infeasible for a daily commute. The nearest secondary schools are in Winton and Mount Isa and are all too far for a daily commute. The Spinifex State College in Mount Isa offers boarding facilities. Other boarding schools or distance education would be options.

## InfoBox

| Warenda
Queensland | |
| --- | --- |
| Warenda | |
| Coordinates | 22°28′26″S 140°16′19″E / 22.4740°S 140.2720°E / -22.4740; 140.2720 |
| Population | 5 (2021 census) |
| • Density | 0.00151/km2 (0.0039/sq mi) |
| Postcode(s) | 4829 |
| Area | 3,320.6 km2 (1,282.1 sq mi) |
| Time zone | AEST (UTC+10:00) |
| LGA(s) | Shire of Boulia |
| State electorate(s) | Gregory |
| Federal division(s) | Kennedy |
| **Suburbs around Warenda:**  Buckingham Selwyn Selwyn  Georgina Warenda Warburton  Wills Min Min Min Min | |


title: Psiloi

abstract: In Ancient Greek armies, the psiloi were the light infantry who usually acted as skirmishers and missile troops, and who were distinguished from the armored hoplitai by their light weapons and lack of armor. In Classical Antiquity and Late Antiquity and throughout the existence of the Byzantine Empire, the lightest-armed troops, typically equipped with ranged weapons, and which fought irregularly in a loose formation, were deemed 'the psiloi'. Numbered among the psiloi were archers, the toxotai armed with a bow (toxa), and slingers, the (sphendonetai) who hurled stones or metal bullets with slings (sfendonai). Others, the akontistai, used the throwing javelin (akontia). Some psiloi simply threw stones at the enemy and were referred to as lithoboloi. The psiloi were the least prestigious military class deployed by the ancient world. A member of the psiloi was normally a man or boy from the lower ranks of his society, unable to afford the shield and armor of the hoplites, let alone the horse ridden by the socially elite cavalryman, the hippeus (ἱππεύς). Another term for a member of the psiloi was gymnetes, (γυμνῆτες) literally: "naked". Light infantry might also be called euzonoi, though these might be any troops lightly armed, such as hoplitai deployed without their shields, who would not rank as psiloi. The peltastai were an intermediate infantry class, better armored than the psiloi but more lightly equipped than the hoplitai - the heavy infantry armed to fight at close quarters in the phalanx.

text:
# Psiloi

In Ancient Greek armies, the ***psiloi*** (Ancient Greek ψιλοί, singular ψιλός, *psilos*, literally "bare, stripped") were the light infantry who usually acted as skirmishers and missile troops, and who were distinguished from the armored *hoplitai* (heavy infantry) by their light weapons and lack of armor.

In Classical Antiquity and Late Antiquity and throughout the existence of the Byzantine Empire, the lightest-armed troops, typically equipped with ranged weapons, and which fought irregularly in a loose formation, were deemed 'the *psiloi'*. Numbered among the *psiloi* were archers, the *toxotai* armed with a bow (*toxa*), and slingers, the (*sphendonetai*) who hurled stones or metal bullets with slings (*sfendonai*). Others, the *akontistai*, used the throwing javelin (*akontia*). Some *psiloi* simply threw stones at the enemy and were referred to as *lithoboloi*.

The *psiloi* were the least prestigious military class deployed by the ancient world. A member of the *psiloi* was normally a man or boy from the lower ranks of his society, unable to afford the shield and armor of the *hoplites*, let alone the horse ridden by the socially elite cavalryman, the *hippeus* (ἱππεύς). Another term for a member of the *psiloi* was *gymnetes*, (γυμνῆτες) literally: "naked". Light infantry might also be called *euzonoi* ("active", "light armored"; a name shared with modern Evzones), though these might be any troops lightly armed, such as *hoplitai* deployed without their shields, who would not rank as *psiloi*. The *peltastai* (bearers of light shields, targeteers) were an intermediate infantry class, better armored than the *psiloi* but more lightly equipped than the *hoplitai* \- the heavy infantry armed to fight at close quarters in the phalanx.

## Ancient Greece

In ancient Greece, the *psiloi* belonged to the poorest citizen classes; sometimes even unfree conscripts would be employed, such as the Peloponnesian helots. They were armed with a variety of missile weapons and might have a dagger or short sword.

The psiloi fought as skirmishers. Their task was to harass the enemy phalanx before the clash, to try to provoke disorder and protect their own lines from enemy skirmishers. They would be sent to occupy imposing terrain around and within the battlefield, as well as to disrupt the enemy in any way during his march, deployment or encampment. Just before the charge of the line, the psiloi would be recalled through the phalanx and deployed behind it or on its wings. They would avoid close combat with more heavily armed opponents unless they had the advantage of especially favorable terrain.

*Psiloi* could be used tactically, to constantly harass an enemy, unable to engage them. A famous engagement of *psiloi* against *hoplitai* was in the Battle of Sphacteria, in which the Athenian *psiloi* helped defeat a force of Spartan *hoplitai*, with powerful ramifications for the military reputation of the Spartans.

## Roman Empire

*Grosphomachoi* is the Greek term used by Polybius to describe the Roman Republic's youngest and lowest class of citizen soldiers in the Roman army, the *velites*. The *grosphomachos* – the Roman *veles* – was equipped with javelins Polybius calls *grosphoi* and which in Latin were termed *veruta*. These were short, light weapons whose long metal points were designed to bend to prevent re-use by the enemy once thrown. They were deployed as skirmishers in front of the heavier infantry of the legion. *Velites* were used against the Carthaginians' war elephants in the Punic Wars. Polybius describes the typical *veles* as having a helmet and *parma*, a small round shield.

Greek language military treatises of Late Antique and later Byzantine periods of the Roman Empire call all light troops *psiloi*, regardless of their defensive equipment. They were used as skirmishers, but they were often deployed in regular lines behind or among the heavy infantry ranks, usually equipped with bows.

1. *psiloi*. Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert; *A Greek–English Lexicon* at the Perseus Project.
2. *sphendonetai* in Liddell and Scott
3. *akontistai* in Liddell and Scott.
4. *lithoboloi* in Liddell and Scott.
5. Thucydides, 6.69
6. *gymnetes* in Liddell and Scott.
7. *euzonoi* in Liddell and Scott.
8. *peltastai* in Liddell and Scott.
9. Thucydides, *History of the Peloponnesian War* 4.32.4–4.36.3.
10. *grosphomachoi*, *grosphos* in Liddell and Scott
11. Polybius, I.33.9, VI.21.7, VI.22.4.


title: Tillandsia paleacea

abstract: Tillandsia paleacea is a species in the genus Tillandsia. This species is found from Colombia to Chile in arid biomes.

text:
# Tillandsia paleacea

***Tillandsia paleacea*** is a species in the genus *Tillandsia*. This species is found from Colombia to Chile in arid biomes.

## Cultivars

* *Tillandsia* 'Sweet Isabel'

## InfoBox

| *Tillandsia paleacea* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| *Clade*: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Bromeliaceae |
| Genus: | *Tillandsia* |
| Subgenus: | *Tillandsia* subg. *Phytarrhiza* |
| Species: | ***T. paleacea*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Tillandsia paleacea***<br>Presl | |
|


title: Protorthodes oviduca

abstract: Protorthodes oviduca, the ruddy Quaker moth, is a moth in the family Noctuidae. It is found across boreal and temperate areas of Canada and the northern United States with extensions in the eastern United States, ranging to central Florida and southern Alabama, and in the mountains in the West as far south as Colorado and Utah. In some areas it is found only in sandy habitats. The species was first described by Achille Guenée in 1852. The length of the forewings is 11–14 mm. The ground color of the forewings is reddish brown. The reniform spot is usually entirely filled with dark shading and is outlined by contrastingly pale. Adults are on wing from mid-May to early July. The larvae feed on various herbs and grasses.

text:
# Protorthodes oviduca

***Protorthodes oviduca***, the **ruddy Quaker moth**, is a moth in the family Noctuidae. It is found across boreal and temperate areas of Canada and the northern United States with extensions in the eastern United States, ranging to central Florida and southern Alabama, and in the mountains in the West as far south as Colorado and Utah. In some areas (such as Ohio and Michigan) it is found only in sandy habitats. The species was first described by Achille Guenée in 1852.

The length of the forewings is 11–14 mm. The ground color of the forewings is reddish brown. The reniform spot is usually entirely filled with dark shading and is outlined by contrastingly pale. Adults are on wing from mid-May to early July.

The larvae feed on various herbs and grasses.

## InfoBox

| *Protorthodes oviduca* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Male | |
|  | |
| Female | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Noctuidae |
| Genus: | *Protorthodes* |
| Species: | ***P. oviduca*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Protorthodes oviduca***<br>(Guenée, 1852) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Taeniocampa oviduca* Guenée, 1852 * *Taeniocampa capsella* Grote, 1874 * *Protorthodes lindrothi* Krogerus, 1954 | |


title: Flipora

abstract: Flipora is a personalized content recommendation service that recommends web content to users based on their interests and web activity. Flipora's machine learning algorithm automatically categorizes the web into thousands of interest categories and provides content to users that suits their identified interests. Users can also follow topics and other like-minded users to receive content recommendations that are further personalized. Flipora users can upvote content recommendations they enjoy and automatically promote those content recommendations to their followers. Flipora had amassed 8 million users by June 2012 and crossed 25 million users worldwide in April 2014. Flipora also has a content recommendation iPhone app. The app allows a user to connect their Facebook and Twitter accounts. The app then uses machine learning to infer a user's interests based on their Facebook and Twitter activity along with the activity within the app. Finally, the app makes recommendations to users based on topics deemed to be within their sphere of interest.

text:
# Flipora

**Flipora** is a personalized content recommendation service that recommends web content to users based on their interests and web activity. Flipora's machine learning algorithm automatically categorizes the web into thousands of interest categories and provides content to users that suits their identified interests. Users can also follow topics and other like-minded users to receive content recommendations that are further personalized. Flipora users can upvote content recommendations they enjoy and automatically promote those content recommendations to their followers. Flipora had amassed 8 million users by June 2012 and crossed 25 million users worldwide in April 2014.

Flipora also has a content recommendation iPhone app. The app allows a user to connect their Facebook and Twitter accounts. The app then uses machine learning to infer a user's interests based on their Facebook and Twitter activity along with the activity within the app. Finally, the app makes recommendations to users based on topics deemed to be within their sphere of interest.

## InfoBox

Flipora
|
|  |
| Founded | 13 June 2012 |
| Headquarters | Sunnyvale , United States |
| Website | flipora.com |


title: Micranthes texana

abstract: Micranthes texana, commonly called Texas saxifrage, is a species of plant in the saxifrage family that is native to Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, Missouri, Louisiana and Nebraska with a disjunct occurrence in Georgia.

text:
# Micranthes texana

***Micranthes texana***, commonly called **Texas saxifrage**, is a species of plant in the saxifrage family that is native to Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, Missouri, Louisiana and Nebraska with a disjunct occurrence in Georgia.

## InfoBox

| *Micranthes texana* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Saxifragales |
| Family: | Saxifragaceae |
| Genus: | *Micranthes* |
| Species: | ***M. texana*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Micranthes texana***<br>(Buckley) Small | |
|


title: 1985 Coca-Cola World 600

abstract: The 1985 Coca-Cola World 600, the 26th running of the event, was a NASCAR Winston Cup Series race held on May 26, 1985 at Charlotte Motor Speedway in Charlotte, North Carolina. Contested over 400 laps on the 1.5 mile (2.4 km) speedway, it was the 11th race of the 1985 NASCAR Winston Cup Series season. Darrell Waltrip of Junior Johnson & Associates won the race. This race was Michael Waltrip's Winston Cup debut. Dick Brooks would retire from NASCAR after the conclusion of this event. Terry Labonte's fifth-place finish would be sufficient for him to take away the championship points lead from Bill Elliott. This was the third of four designated races that made up the first Winston Million promotion. Bill Elliott, winner of the first two Winston Million races at Daytona and Talladega and the sensation of the 1985 NASCAR Winston Cup season, brought much media attention to the race in his bid to win the $1,000,000 bonus. Instead, Darrell Waltrip drove to a dominating win. Elliott would win the bonus at race 4, the 1985 Southern 500.

text:
# 1985 Coca-Cola World 600

The **1985 Coca-Cola World 600**, the 26th running of the event, was a NASCAR Winston Cup Series race held on May 26, 1985 at Charlotte Motor Speedway in Charlotte, North Carolina. Contested over 400 laps on the 1.5 mile (2.4 km) speedway, it was the 11th race of the 1985 NASCAR Winston Cup Series season. Darrell Waltrip of Junior Johnson & Associates won the race.

This race was Michael Waltrip's Winston Cup debut. Dick Brooks would retire from NASCAR after the conclusion of this event. Terry Labonte's fifth-place finish would be sufficient for him to take away the championship points lead from Bill Elliott.

This was the third of four designated races that made up the first Winston Million promotion. Bill Elliott, winner of the first two Winston Million races at Daytona and Talladega and the sensation of the 1985 NASCAR Winston Cup season, brought much media attention to the race in his bid to win the $1,000,000 bonus. Instead, Darrell Waltrip drove to a dominating win. Elliott would win the bonus at race 4, the 1985 Southern 500.

## Background

Charlotte Motor Speedway is a motorsports complex located in Concord, North Carolina, United States 13 miles from Charlotte, North Carolina. The complex features a 1.5 miles (2.4 km) quad oval track that hosts NASCAR racing including the prestigious Coca-Cola World 600 on Memorial Day weekend and The Winston, as well as the Miller High Life 500. The speedway was built in 1959 by Bruton Smith and is considered the home track for NASCAR with many race teams located in the Charlotte area. The track is owned and operated by Speedway Motorsports Inc. (SMI).

## Top ten results

| Pos | No. | Driver | Team | Manufacturer | Laps |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 11 | Darrell Waltrip | Junior Johnson & Associates | Chevrolet | 91 |
| 2 | 33 | Harry Gant | Mach 1 Racing | Chevrolet | 82 |
| 3 | 22 | Bobby Allison | DiGard Motorsports | Buick | 15 |
| 4 | 3 | Dale Earnhardt | Richard Childress Racing | Chevrolet | 97 |
| 5 | 44 | Terry Labonte | Hagan Racing | Oldsmobile | 0 |
| 6 | 75 | Lake Speed | RahMoc Enterprises | Pontiac | 0 |
| 7 | 4 | Joe Ruttman | Morgan-McClure Motorsports | Chevrolet | 0 |
| 8 | 2 | Rusty Wallace | Cliff Stewart Racing | Pontiac | 0 |
| 9 | 27 | Tim Richmond | Blue Max Racing | Pontiac | 1 |
| 10 | 1 | Dick Brooks | Hendrick Motorsports | Chevrolet | 0 |

## Race statistics

* Time of race: 4:13:52
* Average Speed: 141.807 miles per hour (228.216 km/h)
* Pole Speed: 164.703 miles per hour (265.064 km/h)
* Cautions: 7 for 34 laps
* Margin of Victory: 14.64 seconds
* Lead changes: 29

## InfoBox

1985 Coca-Cola World 600
| Race details | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Race 11 of 28 in the 1985 NASCAR Winston Cup Series | | | |
| Date | May 26, 1985 (1985-05-26) | | |
| Location | Charlotte Motor Speedway, Concord, North Carolina | | |
| Course | Permanent racing facility<br>1.5 mi (2.4 km) | | |
| Distance | 400 laps, 600 mi (965.606 km) | | |
| Weather | Temperatures of 68.4 °F (20.2 °C); wind speeds of 10.2 miles per hour (16.4 km/h) | | |
| Average speed | 129.326 mph (208.130 km/h) | | |
| Pole position | | | |
| Driver |  | Melling Racing |
| Most laps led | | | |
| Driver | Dale Earnhardt | Richard Childress Racing |
| Laps | 97 | | |
| Winner | | | |
| No. 11 | Darrell Waltrip | Junior Johnson & Associates |
| Television in the United States | | | |
| Network | Jefferson-Pilot | | |
| Announcers | Mike Joy & Johnny Hayes | | |


title: Luis Paret y Alcázar

abstract: Luis Paret y Alcázar was a Spanish painter of the late-Baroque or Rococo period.

text:
# Luis Paret y Alcázar

**Luis Paret y Alcázar** (11 February 1746 – 14 February 1799) was a Spanish painter of the late-Baroque or Rococo period.

## Biography

He was born in Madrid he first trained with Antonio González Velázquez and attended the Academia Real de San Fernando in Madrid, where he won a second prize in a painting contest in 1760, and first prize in 1766. He entered the studio of the French painter Charles de la Traverse, who worked for Pierre Paul d'Ossun, the ambassador of France in Spain. Unfortunately upon returning to Madrid, despite becoming a teacher in the Academia de San Fernando at age 33 years, he mainly received royal commissions to paint and engrave vistas of ports, the Spanish equivalent of vedute, and also of planned works of construction. For some years, he was banished to Puerto Rico, where he trained the painter Jose Campeche. He also painted flowers in still life and genre paintings called *bambochadas* for their focus on the customs of the underclasses.

* Madrazo, Pedro de (1872). *Catálogo Descriptivo e Histórico del Museo del Prado de Madrid (Parte Primera: Escuelas Italianas y Españolas*. Calle del Duque de Osuna #3; Original from Oxford University, Digitized May 1, 2007: M. Rivadeneyra. pp. 513–514. Catalogo Prado Madrazo.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location (link)
* Scholarly articles about Luis Paret y Alcázar both in web and PDF @ the Spanish Old Masters Gallery


title: Warendorf

abstract: Warendorf is a town in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, and capital of Warendorf District. The town is best known today for its well-preserved medieval town centre, for horse-riding, and the opportunities it provides for cycling. Bicycles are such a common means of transport in the area that many cycle paths have been built, even alongside main roads outside the town.

text:
# Warendorf

**Warendorf** (German pronunciation: \[ˈvaːʁənˌdɔʁf\] , Westphalian: *Warnduorp*) is a town in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, and capital of Warendorf District.

The town is best known today for its well-preserved medieval town centre, for horse-riding, and the opportunities it provides for cycling. Bicycles are such a common means of transport in the area that many cycle paths have been built, even alongside main roads outside the town.

## History

The origin and name Warendorf date back to the ancient Saxon royal court of Warintharpa (“the village on the embankment”), which was most likely already formed in 700 BC. Between the years of 1197 and 1201 Warendorf became a town. During this time, among the already established parish, which belonged to the “old church” (St. Laurentius), a new, second parish with the “new church” (Marienkirche) was formed just west of the town centre. The medieval records of the founding of Warendorf are missing, along with several records and documents in Münster. These were all destroyed during the rule under the Anabaptists. Bishop Hermann II von Katzenelnbogen (Bishop 1173–1202) also contributed to the founding of the town.

In 1224 the first recorded mention of Warendorf as a civitas, which is a civil and municipal community, was made. The wealth of Warendorf grew increasingly and developed more and more into an important trading town, since it is situated favourably between Münster and Oelde. Apart from that Warendorf profited from the production and selling of linen. The wealthy citizens settled on the market square and in the streets, Emsstrasse and Oststrasse. Still today these areas of the town are most prominent in the townscape of Warendorf. In contrast, the poorer part of population lived in simple houses with dirt floors. These bad living conditions lead to the epidemics and illnesses.

In 1404 there was a great fire in Warendorf, during which along with 600 houses also the “old church” (St. Laurentius) and the town hall with all its inventory were destroyed.

In 1533 the Anabaptist movement spread in Warendorf and also in Münster. This movement took over rule in the town for one week in October 1534, until it was ended by a short occupation by Bishop Franz von Waldeck. Four Anabaptist apostles and the Warendorf Anabaptist movement leaders were sentenced to death and were executed by a sword on the market square. As a deterrent the bodies of the “apostles” were laid on the four gates into the town. As a result of this, Warendorf lost its town rights and regained them again in 1542. Free elections of the local council were first held in 1556 under Bishop Franz von Waldeck's successor. The Anabaptist movement continued up into the 17th century in the background without any serious danger for the town or church.

Between 1627 and 1632 loss of the town rights occurred during religious battles of the Thirty Years' War. The first mention of the “Fettmarkt” dates back to 1657. This event remained an important funfair with a flea market and livestock market still today. In 1741 another great fire broke out, which resulted in the destruction of the “new church” (Marienkirche) and 332 houses. Because many tradesmen had to move further, and so Warendorf suffered economic loss.

In 1802 Warendorf came under the Prussian sovereignty. The once blossoming town impoverished. In 1826 the establishment of the Westphalian state stud farm in Warendorf was succeeded by the Prussian stud administration. In 1887 the railroad line Münster – Warendorf – Rheda-Wiedenbrück was opened. In 1937 barracks were built just north of Warendorf. Today, the sport school of the German army is also located in these barracks. On 1 January 1975, a reformation of the municipalities was carried out. This reformation integrated the communities of Einen and Milte, and the town of Freckenhorst into the town of Warendorf. Also during this reformation, the larger district of Warendorf (district) was formed by combining the districts of Warendorf and Beckum. Warendorf became seat of the district government.

## Geography

Warendorf is situated on the Ems river in the eastern part of the Münsterland area. This area of the Westphalian Lowland is characterized by agriculture. Because of its varying landscape of fields, pastures, small forests and hedgerows, people compare this area to a park.

The closest large city is Münster, which is located 30 kilometres (19 miles) west of Warendorf. Other large cities in the area are Osnabrück, approx. 40 kilometres (25 miles) to the north, Bielefeld, approx. 45 kilometres (28 miles) to the east, and Hamm, approx. 35 kilometres (22 miles) to the south.

### Component localities

Warendorf consists of 6 component localities:

* Warendorf
* Einen
* Müssingen
* Freckenhorst
* Hoetmar
* Milte

## Arts and culture

Warendorf has hosted several international events, such as the world skydiving championships, riding events, and the national swimming championships. A notable annual event in Warendorf is the celebration on 15 August of the Feast of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary (*Mariä Himmelfahrt*).

## Sports

North Rhine-Westphalia's "*Landgestüt*" (stud farm) and the National Olympic Committee for horse-riding are both located in Warendorf.

The Bundeswehr Sports School, the German armed forces physical education center, is also located in Warendorf.

## Education

* Mariengymnasium
* Gymnasium Laurentianum
* Augustin Wibbelt Gymnasium

## Notable people

## Twin towns – sister cities

Warendorf is twinned with:

## Neighbouring communities

## InfoBox

| Warendorf | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
| Townhall in Warendorf | |
|  | |
| Location of Warendorf within Warendorf district | |
| Warendorf Warendorf | |
| Coordinates: 51°57′14″N 7°59′36″E / 51.95389°N 7.99333°E / 51.95389; 7.99333 | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | North Rhine-Westphalia |
| Admin. region | Münster |
| District | Warendorf |
| Government | |
| Mayor (202025) | Peter Horstmann |
| Area | |
| Total | 176.75 km2 (68.24 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 57 m (187 ft) |
| Population (2023-12-31) | |
| Total | 37,847 |
| Density | 210/km2 (550/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal codes | 48231 |
| Dialling codes | 02581 |
| Vehicle registration | WAF, BE |
| Website | www.warendorf.de |


title: Pueblo Terror

abstract:
Pueblo Terror is a 1931 American pre-Code
Western film directed by Alan James and starring Jay Wilsey, Jack Harvey and Wanda Hawley.

text:
# Pueblo Terror

***Pueblo Terror*** is a 1931 American pre-Code Western film directed by Alan James and starring Jay Wilsey, Jack Harvey and Wanda Hawley.

## Cast

## Plot

A war veteran (Sommers) returns encounters a land-grab scheme when he returns home. The culprit (John Weston) denies the existence of such a plan and diverts attention when he blames Sommers for the murder of a rancher. Sommers eventually uncovers the truth and proves his innocence. The film was the second of five starring Buffalo Bill, Jr. (Wilsey), all of which were based on stories written by Canutt.

## Bibliography

* Michael R. Pitts. *Poverty Row Studios, 1929–1940: An Illustrated History of 55 Independent Film Companies, with a Filmography for Each*. McFarland & Company, 2005.

## InfoBox

| Pueblo Terror | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Alan James |
| Written by | L. V. Jefferson |
| Produced by | Robert J. Horner |
| Starring | Jay Wilsey
Jack Harvey
Wanda Hawley |
| Cinematography | William C. Thompson |
| Edited by | William Austin |
| Production
company | West Coast Pictures |
| Distributed by | Weiss Brothers |
| Release date | * April 15, 1931 (1931-04-15) |
| Running time | 60 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: Tillandsia pamelae

abstract: Tillandsia pamelae is a species of flowering plant in the genus Tillandsia. This species is endemic to Mexico.

text:
# Tillandsia pamelae

***Tillandsia pamelae*** is a species of flowering plant in the genus *Tillandsia*. This species is endemic to Mexico.

## Cultivars

* *Tillandsia* 'Discovery'

* Espejo-Serna, Adolfo; López-Ferrari, Ana Rosa; Ramírez-morillo, Ivón; Holst, Bruce K.; Luther, Harry E.; Till, Walter (1 June 2004). "Checklist of Mexican Bromeliaceae with Notes on Species Distribution and Levels of Endemism". *Selbyana*. **25** (1): 33–86. ISSN 2689-0682. JSTOR 41760147.
* BSI Cultivar Registry Retrieved 11 October 2009

## InfoBox

| *Tillandsia pamelae* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| *Clade*: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Bromeliaceae |
| Genus: | *Tillandsia* |
| Subgenus: | *Tillandsia* subg. *Tillandsia* |
| Species: | ***T. pamelae*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Tillandsia pamelae***<br>Rauh | |
|


abstract: Tsukigata Hanpeita: Hana no maki; Arashi no maki Tsukigata Hanpeita: Hana no maki; Arashi no maki (月形半平太　花の巻　嵐の巻) is a 1956 Japanese film directed by Teinosuke Kinugasa.

text:
# Tsukigata Hanpeita: Hana no maki; Arashi no maki

***Tsukigata Hanpeita: Hana no maki; Arashi no maki*** (月形半平太 花の巻 嵐の巻) is a 1956 Japanese film directed by Teinosuke Kinugasa.

## Cast

## InfoBox

| Tsukigata Hanpeita: Hana no maki; Arashi no maki | |
| --- | --- |
| Japanese movie poster | |
| Directed by | Teinosuke Kinugasa |
| Written by | Minoru Inuzuka (writer)
Teinosuke Kinugasa (writer) |
| Production
company | Daiei Film |
| Release date | * October 17, 1956 (1956-10-17) |
| Running time | 108 min. |
| Country | Japan |
| Language | Japanese |


title: Paul Duke

abstract: Paul Welden Duke was an American newspaper, radio and television journalist, best known for his 20-year stint as moderator of Washington Week in Review on PBS. Duke was born in Pennsylvania to Frank W. Duke (1888–1945) and Flossie C. Duke. Both his parents hailed from Hanover County, Virginia and the family moved back to Virginia soon after Paul was born. He grew up in Richmond, Virginia, where he worked at radio station WMBG during high school. After graduating high school, Duke attended the University of Richmond where he majored in English. After he graduated in 1947, he became a sportswriter for Associated Press (AP) in Richmond. Within a few years, he was reporting on major national stories, particularly the struggle for Civil rights. His byline became known nationally and, after ten years with the organization, AP rewarded him with a permanent assignment to its Washington bureau. He covered the 1960 Presidential campaign for The Wall Street Journal and in 1963 joined NBC News as a Capitol Hill reporter. After 11 years with the network, he moved to PBS to become their esteemed low-key moderator of Washington Week In Review. The previous host, Duke's former NBC colleague, Robert MacNeil, had given up his post to start PBS' nightly news and analysis program The Robert MacNeil Report. Duke continued his hosting duties for a record twenty years, as Washington Week in Review became the longest-running series on PBS, won an Emmy Award and gained an audience of 4.6 million. From 1980 to 1984, Duke also hosted The Lawmakers, a show on PBS about Congress. Duke retired as a full-time journalist in 1994, but continued to contribute reports to his old program from his new base in London, where he lived in 1995–1996. He also served as a news analyst for the BBC and provided an Alistair Cooke-like weekly radio "Letter from London" to National Public Radio (NPR)'s Washington station WETA. In 1999, upon the dismissal of his successor, Ken Bode, he briefly returned as moderator of Washington Week in Review until the eventual permanent host, Gwen Ifill, was able to assume her new duties. In 2003, Paul Duke was elected to the Common Cause National Governing Board. He was elected to the Common Cause National Governing Board in 1998. Paul Duke was 78 when he died of acute leukemia at his home in Washington, D.C. He had a son, Paul Jr. from his first marriage to Janet Johnston. Since 1985 he had been married to Janet Wachter.

text:
# Paul Duke

**Paul Welden Duke** (October 16, 1926  July 18, 2005) was an American newspaper, radio and television journalist, best known for his 20-year stint as moderator of *Washington Week in Review* on PBS.

Duke was born in Pennsylvania to Frank W. Duke (1888–1945) and Flossie C. Duke (1889–1952; née Mills). Both his parents hailed from Hanover County, Virginia and the family moved back to Virginia soon after Paul was born. He grew up in Richmond, Virginia, where he worked at radio station WMBG during high school. After graduating high school, Duke attended the University of Richmond where he majored in English. After he graduated in 1947, he became a sportswriter for Associated Press (AP) in Richmond. Within a few years, he was reporting on major national stories, particularly the struggle for Civil rights. His byline became known nationally and, after ten years with the organization, AP rewarded him with a permanent assignment to its Washington bureau.

He covered the 1960 Presidential campaign for *The Wall Street Journal* (which he had joined the previous year) and in 1963 joined NBC News as a Capitol Hill reporter. After 11 years with the network, he moved to PBS to become their esteemed low-key moderator of *Washington Week In Review*. The previous host, Duke's former NBC colleague, Robert MacNeil, had given up his post to start PBS' nightly news and analysis program *The Robert MacNeil Report*. Duke continued his hosting duties for a record twenty years, as *Washington Week in Review* became the longest-running series on PBS, won an Emmy Award and gained an audience of 4.6 million. From 1980 to 1984, Duke also hosted *The Lawmakers*, a show on PBS about Congress.

Duke retired as a full-time journalist in 1994, but continued to contribute reports to his old program from his new base in London, where he lived in 1995–1996. He also served as a news analyst for the BBC and provided an Alistair Cooke-like weekly radio "Letter from London" to National Public Radio (NPR)'s Washington station WETA. In 1999, upon the dismissal of his successor, Ken Bode, he briefly returned as moderator of *Washington Week in Review* until the eventual permanent host, Gwen Ifill, was able to assume her new duties. In 2003, Paul Duke was elected to the Common Cause National Governing Board.

He was elected to the Common Cause National Governing Board in 1998.

Paul Duke was 78 when he died of acute leukemia at his home in Washington, D.C. He had a son, Paul Jr. from his first marriage to Janet Johnston. Since 1985 he had been married to Janet Wachter.

## InfoBox

| Paul Duke | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1926-10-16)October 16, 1926
Pennsylvania, U.S. |
| Died | July 18, 2005(2005-07-18) (aged 78)
Washington, D.C., U.S. |
| Nationality | American |
| Occupation(s) | Newspaper, radio, and television journalist |
| Known for | 20-year stint as moderator of *Washington Week in Review* on PBS |


title: Mantracker

abstract: Mantracker is a Canadian reality television series created by Ihor Macijiwsky and produced by Bonterra Productions. It premiered in Canada in April 2006 on the Outdoor Life Network. In the United States, the show aired on the Science Channel. In South Africa, it airs on the History Channel and in the UK on Extreme Sports Channel and Blaze. The episodes of the first six seasons feature Terry Grant, an expert tracker called the "Mantracker", who pursues two individuals in the remote Canadian or American wilderness. The pursued, referred to as "Prey", must elude capture while attempting to reach a finish line within thirty-six hours. In season 7, Chad Savage Lenz replaces Terry Grant as the Mantracker.

text:
# Mantracker

***Mantracker*** is a Canadian reality television series created by Ihor Macijiwsky and produced by Bonterra Productions. It premiered in Canada in April 2006 on the Outdoor Life Network. In the United States, the show aired on the Science Channel. In South Africa, it airs on the History Channel and in the UK on Extreme Sports Channel and Blaze. The episodes of the first six seasons feature Terry Grant, an expert tracker called the "Mantracker", who pursues two individuals in the remote Canadian or American wilderness. The pursued, referred to as "Prey", must elude capture while attempting to reach a finish line within thirty-six hours. In season 7, Chad Savage Lenz replaces Terry Grant as the Mantracker.

## Format

The object of *Mantracker* is for the Prey to reach a finish line some 17 to 60 kilometres away without getting caught by the Mantracker in a pre-determined time (usually 36 hours). The Mantracker's goal is to catch the Prey before they reach the finish line, within the designated time. There is no prize for succeeding, other than "bragging rights" and personal satisfaction.

Each episode features a two-person team of Prey who usually (but not always) have a pre-existing relationship. The Prey have varying wilderness survival skills and physical fitness levels. The only items provided to the Prey are a map (that includes the location of the finish line) and a compass for navigation. The Prey carries the gear they consider necessary to complete the challenge. The Prey determine for themselves how to avoid capture.

The Mantracker does not meet the team before the chase or know their destination. Traveling on horseback and aided by a local guide (known as the "Sidekick"), the Mantracker relies on his tracking skills, though some equipment (such as regular and infrared binoculars) is sometimes used.

The Prey is given a head start, usually about 2 kilometres, although in more rugged terrain that distance may be greater. The chase is started by a flare gun fired from the Prey's position. The Prey head towards the finish, using the terrain to hide their location. The Mantracker and his Sidekick ride to where they believe the Prey began and attempt to determine the direction in which they are headed.

The Prey travel through the terrain, often going off-trail and "bushwhacking" through dense brush, over hills, rocky ground, and rivers and lakes to reach the finish line and to escape the Mantracker. The race often includes overnight camping. There is no pre-set stopping point on day one or starting time on day two. Although the Prey commonly travel on foot, they can use other transportation modes. For example, in one episode the Prey hitchhiked for a short distance. In another episode, the Prey used rock climbing gear to scale down a steep cliff.

Unless time runs out, the race ends when the Prey successfully arrive at the finish line or if the Mantracker or the Sidekick captures them. To capture the Prey, the Mantracker or the Sidekick must tag or somehow block their movement. If the rider and horse get close enough, the Prey often concedes. If one of the Prey is caught, the remaining one can continue alone.

## Cast

Terry Grant is a 25-year veteran of the Alberta Foothills Search and Rescue Team, Chief Scout of Scouts Canada, an expert in utilizing clues such as footprints, probable path and other signs of human presence to track prey. Grant announced that Season 6 would be his last due to a salary dispute with Bonterra Productions. In February 2011, auditions for the new Mantracker to replace Grant took place. In the Season 7 premiere, broadcast on 21 May 2012, it was announced that the new Mantracker would be Chad Savage Lenz. Without the popular Terry Grant as the Mantracker, the series concluded after a single season with Lenz in the starring role although no formal announcement about the series cancellation has ever been made by Bonterra Productions.

### Sidekicks

* Phil Lemieux
* Curtis Hallock
* Leon Chow
* Barry Keown
* Martin Dillabough
* Mark Murphy
* Jeff Damberger
* Neil Carey
* TJ Maynard
* Nate Bogusz

## Production

The series is recorded primarily in Canada, but as of Season 4, two episodes were shot in California. By the end of Season 4, the Provinces and territories of Canada like Manitoba, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Northwest Territories and Nunavut have yet to be featured. For the first time, in Season 4, an episode was taped in Newfoundland and aired between April and June 2009.

The show's typical production schedule has Grant arriving at the location on a Sunday; on Monday morning, the producer and cinematographer travel to the site with the Prey for pre chase interviews, to learn the Prey's strategy and to shoot background shots. The Prey never meet Mantracker until they are caught or make it to the finish line, whichever happens first. Mantracker and the Sidekick are on horseback and often finish the pursuit by galloping to the prey location.

The hunt starts on Tuesday and lasts for 36 consecutive hours. Each episode is edited immediately, awaiting the season run on OLN.

In past interviews, Grant has indicated that the camera crew has him stop to prove where he sees tracks and also has at times sent out false Prey and production staff to prevent him from just looking for the actual camera crew. Additionally, the Prey's camera crew often change footwear, and are expert woodsmen who often mask their presence in various ways.

## Episodes

Season 3 aired on OLN on Sundays at 9:00 pm, and Saturdays 10:00 pm EST. Season 4 finished filming in fall 2008 and aired Sunday, 26 July 2009 starting with "Billy and The Rev" on OLN with an encore on 1 August 2009. In spring 2009, Citytv, another Rogers-owned station began airing repeats in local affiliates across Canada. Season 5 premiered on 3 September 2010. Season 6 premiered 17 April 2011. A pair of Yellowknife women were shortlisted as prey for the season. For Season 6, Bonterra announced that one of its teams of Prey would include NHL player Shane Doan and his brother, Brook. Season 7, the final season, premiered 21 May 2012; the final episode, "Shaun & Vanessa", aired 27 August 2012.

## Winners

Out of 38 teams, 16 teams have had only one member making it to the finish, and 13 teams have had both members making it to the finish. So far, the individual odds of beating Mantracker are 30%, and the team odds of beating Mantracker are 20%.

In **Season 1**, 27.77% of contestants won.

* 1.02 – Nicolina & Liisa ( used car to win )
* 1.06 – Vlad & Nate
* 1.08 – Mike

In **Season 2**, 31.25% of contestants won.

* 2.03 – Dustin & Ian
* 2.04 – Brent
* 2.08 – Steve & Jeff

In **Season 3**, 25% of contestants won.

* 3.05 – Taylor
* 3.06 – Bruce
* 3.07 – Buck & RJ
* 3.10 – Kaleigh

In **Season 4**, 37.5% of contestants won.

* 4.02 – Lauren
* 4.03 – Rene & Dave
* 4.05 – Hainsley
* 4.07 – Tommy & Steve

In **Season 5**, 29% of contestants won.

* 5.01 - Clayton & Jason
* 5.02 - Layney
* 5.04 - Brendyn
* 5.08 - Dylan & Travis
* 5.11 - Ben & Darrell
* 5.12 - Tim

In **Season 6**, 33% of contestants won

* 6.01 - Shane & Brook
* 6.04 - Melanie
* 6.06 - Rusty
* 6.09 - Warren & Margriet
* 6.10 - Mike
* 6.12 - Jesse

In **Season 7**, 17% of contestants won

* 7.01 - Huck
* 7.04 - Les & Tyler
* 7.07 - Stacey

## Hiatus and end

Following the end of Season 7 which featured new Mantracker Chad "Savage" Lenz, the show began an apparent hiatus. Official websites for OLN and Bonterra Productions for Mantracker have not been updated since Season 7 and show no mention of the show being cancelled or going on a break. It was confirmed in 2017 by Terry Grant himself, that Mantracker wouldn't return for an eighth season, marking the end for the Mantracker series.

* Wanted, a British TV show from the 1990s with a similar concept, but a more urban setting
* Hunted, an ongoing (as of 2024) British TV show with a similar concept. It has been adapted into an American version and an Australian version

## InfoBox

| *Mantracker* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Genre | Reality
Wilderness survival
Outdoors
Game show |
| Created by | Ihor Macijiwsky |
| Directed by | Ihor Macijiwsky |
| Starring | Terry Grant
Chad Savage Lenz |
| Narrated by | Shawn Colin
Shawn Devlin |
| Country of origin | Canada |
| Original language | English |
| No. of seasons | 7 |
| No. of episodes | 72 (list of episodes) |
| Production | |
| Production locations | Canada
United States |
| Camera setup | Multiple |
| Running time | Season 1: 24 minutes
Seasons 2–7: 46 minutes |
| Production company | Bonterra Productions |
| Original release | |
| Network | OLN |
| Release | 12 April 2006 (2006-04-12)
22 August 2012 (2012-08-22) |


title: Michael Sziedat

abstract: Michael Sziedat is a former German football player. Sziedat played 379 times for Hertha BSC and Eintracht Frankfurt in the Bundesliga, netting 16 goals. His 280 Bundesliga caps for Berlin are still a club record. In 1971 he started his pro career at Hertha and left them after being relegated in 1980 to play for the "Eagles" in Frankfurt.

text:
# Michael Sziedat

**Michael Sziedat** (born 22 August 1952) is a former German football player.

Sziedat played 379 times for Hertha BSC and Eintracht Frankfurt in the Bundesliga, netting 16 goals. His 280 Bundesliga caps for Berlin are still a club record. In 1971 he started his pro career at Hertha and left them after being relegated in 1980 to play for the "Eagles" in Frankfurt.

## Honours

### Club

**Eintracht Frankfurt**

**Hertha BSC**

## InfoBox

Michael Sziedat
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Michael Sziedat | | |
| Date of birth | (1952-08-22) 22 August 1952 | | |
| Place of birth | Germany | | |
| Position(s) | Defender | | |
| Youth career | | | |
|  | BC Lichterfelde | | |
| 0000–1971 | BFC Preussen | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1971–1980 | Hertha BSC | 280 | (12) |
| 1980–1984 | Eintracht Frankfurt | 99 | (4) |
| 1984–1985 | Hertha BSC | 18 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Walter Kaiser Jr.

abstract: Walter C. Kaiser Jr. is an American Evangelical Old Testament scholar, writer, public speaker, and educator. Kaiser is the Colman M. Mockler distinguished Professor of Old Testament and former President of Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary in South Hamilton, Massachusetts, retired June 30, 2006. He was succeeded by James Emery White.

text:
# Walter Kaiser Jr.

**Walter C. Kaiser Jr.** (born April 11, 1933) is an American Evangelical Old Testament scholar, writer, public speaker, and educator. Kaiser is the Colman M. Mockler distinguished Professor of Old Testament and former President of Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary in South Hamilton, Massachusetts, retired June 30, 2006. He was succeeded by James Emery White.

## Life and career

Kaiser was born in 1933 in Folcroft, Pennsylvania of German Baptist parents, Walter Christian Kaiser Sr. and Estelle Jaworsky Kaiser. He earned his A.B. from Wheaton College, his B.D. from Wheaton Graduate School, and both his M.A. and Ph.D. in Mediterranean studies from Brandeis University. Until 2006, he served as president of Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary (GCTS). Previous to his appointment at GCTS he was academic dean and Professor of Old Testament at Trinity Evangelical Divinity School, where he taught for more than twenty years. In 1977 he served as president of the Evangelical Theological Society. A recipient of the Danforth Teacher Study Grant, Kaiser is a member of the Wheaton College Scholastic Honor Society.

Prior to coming to Gordon-Conwell, Kaiser taught Bible and archeology at Wheaton College and taught at Trinity Evangelical Divinity School in several capacities. In addition to teaching in the Old Testament department, he was senior vice president of education, academic dean, and senior vice president of distance learning and ministries. Kaiser currently serves on the boards of several Christian organizations.

Kaiser has contributed to such publications as *Journal for the Study of the Old Testament*, *Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society*, *Christianity Today*, *Westminster Theological Journal*, and *Evangelical Quarterly*. He has also written numerous books. He is a critic of, and rejects the Documentary Hypothesis.

## Works

### Books

* Kaiser, Walter C. Jr. (1972). *Classical Evangelical Essays in Old Testament Interpretation*. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House. ISBN 978-0-8010-5314-6. OCLC 417680.
* (1978). *Toward an Old Testament Theology*. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan. ISBN 978-0-310-37100-7. OCLC 3627351.
* (1979). *Ecclesiastes: Total Life*. Everyman's Bible Commentary Series. Chicago, IL: Moody Press. ISBN 978-0-8024-2022-0.
* (1981). *Toward an Exegetical Theology: Biblical exegesis for preaching and teaching*. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House. ISBN 978-0-8010-5425-9. OCLC 7361170.
* (1982). *A Biblical Approach to Personal Suffering*. Chicago, IL: Moody Press. ISBN 978-0-8024-4634-3.
* (1983). *Toward Old Testament Ethics*. Chicago, IL: Moody Press. ISBN 978-0-310-37110-6. OCLC 9827098.
* (1984). *Malachi: God's Unchanging Love*. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House. ISBN 978-0-8010-5464-8. OCLC 10926624.
* (1985). *The Uses of the Old Testament in the New*. Chicago, IL: Moody Press. ISBN 978-0-8024-9085-8. OCLC 11814301.
* (1986). *Quest for Personal Renewal: Revival in the Old Testament*. Chicago, IL: Moody Press. ISBN 978-0-8024-7050-8.
* (1986). *Quality Living*. Moody Elective Series. Chicago, IL: Moody Press. ISBN 978-0-8024-7069-0.
* (1987). *Toward Rediscovering the Old Testament*. Chicago, IL: Moody Press. ISBN 978-0-310-37120-5. OCLC 15017539.
* (1988). *Hard Sayings of the Old Testament*. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press. ISBN 978-0-8308-1221-9. OCLC 17841939.
* (1989). *Back toward the Future: Hints for Interpreting Biblical Prophecy*. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House. ISBN 978-0-8010-5499-0. OCLC 19270676.
* (1992). *More Hard Sayings of the Old Testament*. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press. ISBN 978-0-8308-1748-1.
* (1992). Ogilvie, Lloyd J. (ed.). *Micah-Malachi*. The Communicator's Commentary. Vol. 21. W Pub Group.
* ; Bock, Darrell L.; Blaising, Craig A., eds. (1992). *Dispensationalism, Israel and the Church: the search for definition*. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan. ISBN 978-0-310-34611-1. OCLC 25915459.
* ; Silva, Moisés (1994). *Introduction to Biblical Hermeneutics*. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan. ISBN 978-0-310-53090-9. OCLC 29258790.
* (1995). *The Messiah in the Old Testament*. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan. ISBN 978-0-310-20030-7. OCLC 32276242.
* (1995). *Psalms: Heart to Heart with God*. Great Books of the Bible. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan. ISBN 978-0-310-49871-1.
* (1995). *Proverbs: Wisdom for Everyday Life*. Great Books of the Bible. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan. ISBN 978-0-310-49861-2.
* (1998). *A History of Israel: From the Bronze Age Through the Jewish Wars*. Nashville, TN: Broadman & Holman. ISBN 978-0-8054-6284-5. OCLC 37527534.
* (1998). *The Christian and the "Old" Testament*. Pasadena, CA: William Carey Library. ISBN 978-0-87808-292-6.
* ; Bahnsen, Greg L.; et al. (1999). Gundry, Stanley N. (ed.). *Five Views on Law and Gospel*. Counterpoints. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan. ISBN 978-0-310-21271-3.
* (2000). *Mission in the Old Testament*. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House. ISBN 978-0-8010-2228-9. OCLC 42619687.
* (2001). *The Old Testament Documents: Are They Reliable & Relevant?*. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press. ISBN 978-0-8308-1975-1. OCLC 46936308.
* (2001). *Revive Us Again: Your Wakeup Call for Spiritual Renewal*. Fearn, Scotland: Christian Focus Publications. ISBN 978-1-85792-687-3.
* ; Bristow, George (2001). *The Promise of God: God's Unchangeable Purpose Through Human History*. Port Colborne, ON, Canada: Gospel Folio Press. ISBN 978-1-882701-29-2.
* (2002). *Micah/Nahum/Habakkuk/Zephaniah/Haggai/Zechariah/Malachi*. The Preacher's Commentary. Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson Inc. ISBN 978-1-4185-8757-4.
* (2003). *Preaching and Teaching from the Old Testament: a guide for the church*. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic. ISBN 978-0-8010-2610-2. OCLC 50676369.
* ; Garrett, Duane A., eds. (2006). *The Archaeological Study Bible: An Illustrated Walk Through Biblical History and Culture* (NIV ed.). Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan. ISBN 978-0-310-92606-1. \- other bible versions and editions are available
* (2007). *The Majesty of God in the Old Testament: A Guide for Preaching and Teaching*. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic. ISBN 978-0-8010-3244-8. OCLC 74940979.
* (2009). *The Promise-Plan of God: A Biblical Theology of the Old and New Testaments*. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan. ISBN 978-0-310-86667-1.
* ; Berding, Kenneth; et al. (2008). Gundry, Stanley N. (ed.). *Three Views on the New Testament Usage of the Old Testament*. Counterpoints. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan. ISBN 978-0-310-27333-2. OCLC 192081109.
* (2009). *What Does the Lord Require: A Guide for Preaching and Teaching Biblical Ethics*. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic. ISBN 978-1-4412-0530-8.
* (2009). *Recovering the Unity of the Bible: One Continuous Story, Plan, and Purpose*. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan. ISBN 978-0-310-32024-1.
* ; Vanhoozer, Kevin J.; et al. (2009). Gundry, Stanley N. (ed.). *Four Views on Moving Beyond the Bible to Theology'*. Counterpoints. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan. ISBN 978-0-310-27655-5.
* . *Jeremiah & Lamentations*. Evangelical Exegetical Commentary. Bellingham, WA: Logos Bible Software. \- in progress

## Further reading

\]

## InfoBox

| Walter C. Kaiser Jr. | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1933-04-11) April 11, 1933
Folcroft, Pennsylvania, U.S. |
| Known for | Old Testament scholar, writer, public speaker, educator |
| Title | Colman M. Mockler distinguished Professor of Old Testament |
| Board member of | President of the Evangelical Theological Society |
| Spouse | Marge (m. 1957–2013) Nancy (m. 2017) |
| Children | 4 |
| Awards | Danforth Teacher Study Grant |
|  | |
| Academic background | |
| Education | Wheaton College (BA, 1955 and BDiv, 1958)
Brandeis University (MA, 1962) |
| Alma mater | Brandeis University (PhD, 1973) |
| Thesis | *The Ugaritic Pantheon* (1973) |
| Doctoral advisor | Cyrus H. Gordon |
| Academic work | |
| Discipline | Biblical studies |
| Sub-discipline | OT studies |
| Institutions | Trinity Evangelical Divinity School
Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary |
|  | |


title: Purna Chandra Sethy

abstract: Purna Chandra Sethy is an Indian politician. He was elected to the Odisha Legislative Assembly from Khalikote as a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party.

text:
# Purna Chandra Sethy

**Purna Chandra Sethy** is an Indian politician. He was elected to the Odisha Legislative Assembly from Khalikote as a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party.

## InfoBox

| Purna Chandra Sethy | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of Odisha Legislative Assembly | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office** <br>4 June 2024 | |
| Preceded by | Suryamani Baidya |
| Constituency | Khalikote |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Political party | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| Residence(s) | Ganjam district, Odisha |
| Profession | Politician |
|  | |


title: Tieralplistock

abstract: The Tieralplistock is a mountain of the Urner Alps, located on the border between the Swiss cantons of Bern and Valais. It lies between the Trift Glacier and the Rhone Glacier, just east of the lake of Gelmer. Between the Diechterhorn and the Tieralplistock is a slightly higher unnamed summit.

text:
# Tieralplistock

The **Tieralplistock** (3,383 m) is a mountain of the Urner Alps, located on the border between the Swiss cantons of Bern and Valais. It lies between the Trift Glacier and the Rhone Glacier, just east of the lake of Gelmer.

Between the Diechterhorn and the Tieralplistock is a slightly higher unnamed summit (3,388 m).

## InfoBox

| Tieralplistock | |
| --- | --- |
| View of the Tieralplistock, first peak on the left of the photo. | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 3,383 m (11,099 ft) |
| Prominence | 23 m (75 ft) |
| Parent peak | Unnamed summit (3,388 m) |
| Coordinates | 46°37′58.9″N 8°22′31.1″E / 46.633028°N 8.375306°E / 46.633028; 8.375306 |
| Geography | |
| TieralplistockLocation in Switzerland | |
| Location | Bern/Valais, Switzerland |
| Parent range | Urner Alps |


title: Lukáš Švrček

abstract: Lukáš Švrček is a professional Slovak footballer who currently plays for Fortuna Liga club Skalica as a midfielder.

text:
# Lukáš Švrček

**Lukáš Švrček** (born 11 September 1990) is a professional Slovak footballer who currently plays for Fortuna Liga club Skalica as a midfielder.

## Club career

### MFK Skalica

He made his professional Fortuna Liga debut for Skalica against Ružomberok on 18 July 2015.

## InfoBox

Lukáš Švrček
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Lukáš Švrček | | |
| Date of birth | (1990-09-11) 11 September 1990 | | |
| Place of birth | Czechoslovakia | | |
| Height | 1.72 m (5 ft 8 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Midfielder | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | MFK Skalica | | |
| Number | 6 | | |
| Youth career | | | |
|  | TJ Iskra Holíč | | |
| 2007–2009 | Ružomberok | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2010–2011 | Ružomberok B |  |  |
| 2012 | Skalica (loan) |  |  |
| 2012– | Skalica |  |  |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 6 July 2015 | | | |


title: Flogeken Glacier

abstract: Flogeken Glacier is a deeply entrenched glacier, flowing northwest between Mount Grytoyr and Langfloget Cliff, in the Mühlig-Hofmann Mountains of Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. it was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by the Sixth Norwegian Antarctic Expedition (1956–60) and named Flogeken.

text:
# Flogeken Glacier

**Flogeken Glacier** (72°4′S 4°25′E / 72.067°S 4.417°E / -72.067; 4.417) is a deeply entrenched glacier, flowing northwest between Mount Grytoyr and Langfloget Cliff, in the Mühlig-Hofmann Mountains of Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. it was mapped by Norwegian cartographers from surveys and air photos by the Sixth Norwegian Antarctic Expedition (1956–60) and named Flogeken (the rock wall spoke).

This article incorporates public domain material from "Flogeken Glacier". *Geographic Names Information System*. United States Geological Survey.

## InfoBox

| Flogeken Glacier | |
| --- | --- |
| Location of Queen Maud Land in Antarctica | |
| Location of Flogeken Glacier in Antarctica | |
| Type | deeply entrenched |
| Location | Queen Maud Land |
| Coordinates | 72°4′S 4°25′E / 72.067°S 4.417°E / -72.067; 4.417 |
| Thickness | unknown |
| Terminus | Mühlig-Hofmann Mountains |
| Status | unknown |


title: Maravatio shiner

abstract: The Maravatio shiner is a small North American freshwater fish, where it is known only from San Miguel Spring of the upper Lerma River drainage in Mexico. The Maravatio shiner is a member of the Notropis calientis species complex along with the Ameca shiner, the Calabazas shiner, the Durango shiner and the Zacapu shiner, the latter being described concurrently with N. marhabatiensis.

text:
# Maravatio shiner

The **Maravatio shiner** (***Notropis marhabatiensis***) is a small North American freshwater fish, where it is known only from San Miguel Spring of the upper Lerma River drainage in Mexico. The Maravatio shiner is a member of the Notropis calientis species complex along with the Ameca shiner, the Calabazas shiner, the Durango shiner and the Zacapu shiner, the latter being described concurrently with *N. marhabatiensis*.

## Conservation

The Maravatio shiner is found in a single pool around a spring near the town of Maravatio in Michoacan. In visits by researchers between 2004 and 2007 the species was not found. The small spring is enclosed by houses and is under intense human usage or recreation and sanitation. Exotic fish guppies (*Poecilia reticulata*), Twospot livebearers (*Heterandria bimaculata*) and *Oreochromis* sp. have been introduced and this could explain the possible absence of *N. marhabatiensis* from the spring. This species is evaluated as Critically Endangered and possibly extinct by the IUCN.

## InfoBox

| Maravatio shiner | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Critically endangered, possibly extinct  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Cypriniformes |
| Family: | Cyprinidae |
| Subfamily: | Leuciscinae |
| *Clade*: | Pogonichthyinae |
| Genus: | *Notropis* |
| Species: | ***N. marhabatiensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Notropis marhabatiensis***
Domínguez-Domínguez, Pérez-Rodríguez, Escalera-Vázquez and Doadrio, 2009 | |
|


title: Microbial biogeography

abstract: Microbial biogeography is a subset of biogeography, a field that concerns the distribution of organisms across space and time. Although biogeography traditionally focused on plants and larger animals, recent studies have broadened this field to include distribution patterns of microorganisms. This extension of biogeography to smaller scales—known as "microbial biogeography"—is enabled by ongoing advances in genetic technologies. The aim of microbial biogeography is to reveal where microorganisms live, at what abundance, and why. Microbial biogeography can therefore provide insight into the underlying mechanisms that generate and hinder biodiversity. Microbial biogeography also enables predictions of where certain organisms can survive and how they respond to changing environments, making it applicable to several other fields such as climate change research.

text:
# Microbial biogeography

**Microbial biogeography** is a subset of biogeography, a field that concerns the distribution of organisms across space and time. Although biogeography traditionally focused on plants and larger animals, recent studies have broadened this field to include distribution patterns of microorganisms. This extension of biogeography to smaller scales—known as "microbial biogeography"—is enabled by ongoing advances in genetic technologies.

The aim of microbial biogeography is to reveal where microorganisms live, at what abundance, and why. Microbial biogeography can therefore provide insight into the underlying mechanisms that generate and hinder biodiversity. Microbial biogeography also enables predictions of where certain organisms can survive and how they respond to changing environments, making it applicable to several other fields such as climate change research.

## History

Schewiakoff (1893) theorized about the cosmopolitan habitat of free-living protozoans. In 1934, Lourens Baas Becking, based on his own research in California's salt lakes, as well as work by others on salt lakes worldwide, concluded that "everything is everywhere, but the environment selects". Baas Becking attributed the first half of this hypothesis to his colleague Martinus Beijerinck (1913).

Baas Becking hypothesis of cosmopolitan microbial distribution would later be challenged by other works.

## Microbial vs macro-organism biogeography

The biogeography of macro-organisms (i.e., plants and animals that can be seen with the naked eye) has been studied since the eighteenth century. For macro-organisms, biogeographical patterns (i.e., which organism assemblages appear in specific places and times) appear to arise from both past and current environments. For example, polar bears live in the Arctic but not the Antarctic, while the reverse is true for penguins; although both polar bears and penguins have adapted to cold climates over many generations (the result of past environments), the distance and warmer climates between the north and south poles prevent these species from spreading to the opposite hemisphere (the result of current environments). This demonstrates the biogeographical pattern known as "isolation with geographic distance" by which the limited ability of a species to physically disperse across space (rather than any selective genetic reasons) restricts the geographical range over which it can be found.

The biogeography of microorganisms (i.e., organisms that cannot be seen with the naked eye, such as fungi and bacteria) is an emerging field enabled by ongoing advancements in genetic technologies, in particular cheaper DNA sequencing with higher throughput that now allows analysis of global datasets on microbial biology at the molecular level. When scientists began studying microbial biogeography, they anticipated a lack of biogeographic patterns due to the high dispersibility and large population sizes of microbes, which were expected to ultimately render geographical distance irrelevant. Indeed, in microbial ecology the oft-repeated saying by Lourens Baas Becking that "everything is everywhere, but the environment selects" has come to mean that as long as the environment is ecologically appropriate, geological barriers are irrelevant. However, recent studies show clear evidence for biogeographical patterns in microbial life, which challenge this common interpretation: the existence of microbial biogeographic patterns disputes the idea that "everything is everywhere" while also supporting the idea that environmental selection includes geography as well as historical events that can leave lasting signatures on microbial communities.

Microbial biogeographic patterns are often similar to those of macro-organisms. Microbes generally follow well-known patterns such as the distance decay relationship, the abundance-range relationship, and Rapoport's rule. This is surprising given the many disparities between microorganisms and macro-organisms, in particular their size (micrometers vs. meters), time between generations (minutes vs. years), and dispersibility (global vs. local). However, important differences between the biogeographical patterns of microorganism and macro-organism do exist, and likely result from differences in their underlying biogeographic processes (e.g., drift, dispersal, selection, and mutation). For example, dispersal is an important biogeographical process for both microbes and larger organisms, but small microbes can disperse across much greater ranges and at much greater speeds by traveling through the atmosphere (for larger animals dispersal is much more constrained due to their size). As a result, many microbial species can be found in both northern and southern hemispheres, while larger animals are typically found only at one pole rather than both. Furthermore, microorganisms, such as bacteria, are affected by conditions at very small scales that may differ from the scales that are typically considered for macro-organisms. For example, soil bacterial diversity is shaped by the carbon input and connectivity in microscale aqueous habitats.

## Distinct patterns

### Reversed and non-monotonous latitudinal diversity gradients

Larger organisms tend to exhibit latitudinal gradients in species diversity, with larger biodiversity existing in the tropics and decreasing toward more temperate polar regions. In contrast, studies on indoor fungal communities and global topsoil microbiomes found microbial biodiversity to be significantly higher in temperate zones than in the tropics. Interestingly, different buildings exhibited the same indoor fungal composition in any given location, where similarity increased with proximity. Thus, despite human efforts to control indoor climates, outside environments appear to be the strongest determinant of indoor fungal composition. On the other hand, the strong biogeographical pattern of soil bacteria is typically attributed to changes in environmental factors such as soil pH. However, soil pH may be a biogeographical proxy that is affected by a soils climatic water balance, which mediates carbon inputs and the connectivity of bacterial aqueous habitats.

### Bipolar latitude distributions

Certain microbial populations exist in opposite hemispheres and at complementary latitudes. These 'bipolar' (or 'antitropical') distributions are much rarer in macro-organisms; although macro-organisms exhibit latitude gradients, 'isolation by geographic distance' prevents bipolar distributions (e.g., polar bears are not found at both poles). In contrast, a study on marine surface bacteria showed not only a latitude gradient, but also complementarity distributions with similar populations at both poles, suggesting no "isolation by geographic distance". This is likely due to differences in the underlying biogeographic process, dispersal, as microbes tend to disperse at high rates and far distances by traveling through the atmosphere.

### Seasonal variations

Microbial diversity can exhibit striking seasonal patterns at a single geographical location. This is largely due to dormancy, a microbial feature not seen in larger animals that allows microbial community composition to fluctuate in relative abundance of persistent species (rather than actual species present). This is known as the "seed-bank hypothesis" and has implications for our understanding of ecological resilience and thresholds to change.

## Applications

### Directed panspermia

Panspermia suggests that life can be distributed throughout outer space via comets, asteroids, and meteoroids. Panspermia assumes that life can survive the harsh space environment, which features vacuum conditions, intense radiation, extreme temperatures, and a dearth of available nutrients. Many microorganisms are able to evade such stressors by forming spores or entering a state of low-metabolic dormancy. Studies in microbial biogeography have even shown that the ability of microbes to enter and successfully emerge from dormancy when their respective environmental conditions are favorable contributes to the high levels of microbial biodiversity observed in almost all ecosystems. Thus microbial biogeography can be applied to panspermia as it predicts that microbes are able to protect themselves from the harsh space environment, know to emerge when conditions are safe, and also take advantage of their dormancy capability to enhance biodiversity wherever they may land.

Directed panspermia is the deliberate transport of microorganisms to colonize another planet. If aiming to colonize an Earth-like environment, microbial biogeography can inform decisions on the biological payload of such a mission. In particular, microbes exhibit latitudinal ranges according to Rapoport's rule, which states that organisms living at lower latitudes (near the equator) are found within smaller latitude ranges than those living at higher latitudes (near the poles). Thus the ideal biological payload would include widespread, higher-latitude microorganisms that can tolerate of a wider range of climates. This is not necessarily the obvious choice, as these widespread organisms are also rare in microbial communities and tend to be weaker competitors when faced with endemic organisms. Still, they can survive in a range of climates and thus would be ideal for inhabiting otherwise lifeless Earth-like planets with uncertain environmental conditions. Extremophiles, although tough enough to withstand the space environment, may not be ideal for directed panspermia as any given extremophile species requires a very specific climate to survive. However, if the target was closer to Earth, such as a planet or moon in our Solar System, it may be possible to select a specific extremophile species for the well-defined target environment.


title: 1985 Purdue Boilermakers football team

abstract: The 1985 Purdue Boilermakers football team represented the Purdue University in the 1985 Big Ten Conference football season. Led by fourth-year head coach Leon Burtnett, the Boilermakers compiled an overall record of 5–6 with a mark of 3–5 in conference play, placing seventh in the Big Ten. Purdue played home games at Ross–Ade Stadium in West Lafayette, Indiana. Quarterback Jim Everett led the nation in total offense with 3,589 yards, which was also a program record, since broken by Drew Brees. Everett finished sixth in balloting for the Heisman Trophy.

text:
# 1985 Purdue Boilermakers football team

1985 Big Ten Conference football standings
|  | Conf | | | | |  |  | Overall | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Team | W |  | L |  | T |  |  | W |  | L |  | T |
| No. 10 Iowa $ | 7 |  | 1 |  | 0 |  |  | 10 |  | 2 |  | 0 |
| No. 2 Michigan | 6 |  | 1 |  | 1 |  |  | 10 |  | 1 |  | 1 |
| Illinois | 5 |  | 2 |  | 1 |  |  | 6 |  | 5 |  | 1 |
| No. 14 Ohio State | 5 |  | 3 |  | 0 |  |  | 9 |  | 3 |  | 0 |
| Michigan State | 5 |  | 3 |  | 0 |  |  | 7 |  | 5 |  | 0 |
| Minnesota | 4 |  | 4 |  | 0 |  |  | 7 |  | 5 |  | 0 |
| Purdue | 3 |  | 5 |  | 0 |  |  | 5 |  | 6 |  | 0 |
| Wisconsin | 2 |  | 6 |  | 0 |  |  | 5 |  | 6 |  | 0 |
| Indiana | 1 |  | 7 |  | 0 |  |  | 4 |  | 7 |  | 0 |
| Northwestern | 1 |  | 7 |  | 0 |  |  | 3 |  | 8 |  | 0 |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| * $  Conference champion Rankings from AP Poll | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

The **1985 Purdue Boilermakers football team** represented the Purdue University in the 1985 Big Ten Conference football season. Led by fourth-year head coach Leon Burtnett, the Boilermakers compiled an overall record of 5–6 with a mark of 3–5 in conference play, placing seventh in the Big Ten. Purdue played home games at Ross–Ade Stadium in West Lafayette, Indiana.

Quarterback Jim Everett led the nation in total offense with 3,589 yards, which was also a program record, since broken by Drew Brees. Everett finished sixth in balloting for the Heisman Trophy.

## Schedule

| Date | Time | Opponent | Site | TV | Result | Attendance | Source |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| August 31 | 7:30 pm | at Pittsburgh* |  | ESPN | L 30–31 | 50,103 |  |
| September 21 | 2:00 pm | Ball State* |  |  | W 37–18 | 63,162 |  |
| September 28 | 12:30 pm | Notre Dame* | * Ross–Ade Stadium * West Lafayette, IN (rivalry) | TBS | W 35–17 | 69,338 |  |
| October 5 | 8:00 pm | at Minnesota |  | TBS | L 15–45 | 59,503 |  |
| October 12 | 2:30 pm | Illinois | * Ross–Ade Stadium * West Lafayette, IN (rivalry) |  | W 30–24 | 68,837 |  |
| October 19 | 12:00 pm | at No. 11 Ohio State |  | CBS | L 27–41 | 89,888 |  |
| October 26 | 12:30 pm | Michigan State | * Ross–Ade Stadium * West Lafayette, IN | TBS | L 24–28 | 67,660 |  |
| November 2 | 2:00 pm | Northwestern | * Ross–Ade Stadium * West Lafayette, IN |  | W 31–7 | 53,640 |  |
| November 9 | 1:00 pm | at No. 9 Michigan |  |  | L 0–47 | 105,503 |  |
| November 16 | 2:30 pm | No. 5 Iowa | * Ross–Ade Stadium * West Lafayette, IN | CBS | L 24–27 | 57,762 |  |
| November 23 | 2:00 pm | at Indiana |  |  | W 34–21 | 51,752 |  |
| * \*Non-conference game * Homecoming * Rankings from AP Poll released prior to the game * All times are in Eastern time | | | | | | | |

## Personnel

| 1985 Purdue Boilermakers football team roster | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Players | | | Coaches |
| **Offense**  Pos. # Name Class  WR `1` Roberts Armenteros Sr  TE `96` Jack Beery Jr  OL `94` Kieth Brown So  `66` Bret Bunnel Sr  WR `22` Rick Brunner Sr  WR `24` Rodney Carter Sr  OT `78` Mike Connors Jr  `63` Bruce Crites Jr  QB `14` Doug Downing Jr  OL  Mark Drenth  QB `11` Jim Everett Sr  RB  Walt Foster  RB `21` Tony Grant So  WR `2` Steve Griffin Sr  WR `80` Jon Hayes So  QB `7` Jeff Huber Sr  WR `36` Mark Jackson Sr  RB  James Medlock  `61` Vince Panfil Sr  RB  Bobby Pruitt  OT `79` Jim Richmond Jr  TE `85` Brad Schumacher So  TE `84` Marty Scott Sr  `56` Rick Skibinski Sr  `73` Pat Snyder Jr  `53` Todd Tyrie Fr  WR `43` Ray Wallace Sr | **Defense**  Pos. # Name Class  DT `98` Don Baldwin Sr  CB `19` Cris Dishman So  LB `30` Art DuBose Jr  DB `3` Marc Foster  DT `86` Sean Guy Jr  DL `99` Kevin Holley Jr  DL `92` Brad Hornor Sr  DT `95` Mike Kohler Fr  CB `18` Jeff Lee Sr  LB `59` Matt Morgan Jr  DL `68` Anthony Rose Jr  LB `48` Fred Strickland So  LB `44` Kevin Sumlin Jr  DB  Damon Taylor  LB `90` Tony Vavrech Fr  LB `49` Tony Visco So  CB `5` Martial Wallace Jr  `9` Mike Weaver Jr  LB `42` Merkle Williams Jr  SS `23` Kennedy Wilson Sr  DT `89` Derek Wimberly Sr  FS `26` Rod Woodson Jr  DL `71` Bob Ziltz Sr | **Special teams**  Pos. # Name Class  Jonathan Briggs  Ernie Schramayr | Head coach Coordinators/assistant coaches   ---  Legend* **(C)** Team captain * **(S)** Suspended * **(I)** Ineligible * Injured * Redshirt |

## Game summaries

### At Pittsburgh

**Purdue Boilermakers (0–0) at Pittsburgh Panthers (0–0)**

| Quarter | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Purdue | 10 | 0 | 14 | 6 | **30** |
| **Pittsburgh** | 7 | 14 | 0 | 10 | **31** |

*at Pitt Stadium, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania*

| Game information |
| --- |
|  |

| External videos | |
| --- | --- |
| Television broadcast with Pittsburgh radio audio | |
| Final Purdue touchdown and two-point conversion attempt | |

### Ball State

### Notre Dame

### Illinois

### At Ohio State

**Purdue Boilermakers (3–2) at #11 Ohio State Buckeyes (4–1)**

| Quarter | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Purdue | 0 | 10 | 10 | 7 | **27** |
| **Ohio St** | 14 | 3 | 7 | 17 | **41** |

*at Ohio Stadium, Columbus, Ohio*

* **Date**: October 19, 1985
* **Game time**: 12:00 p.m. EDT
* **Game weather**: Overcast, 75 °F (24 °C)
* **Game attendance**: 89,888
* **Referee**: Otho Kortz
* **TV**: CBS
* Box Score

| Game information |
| --- |
|  |

| External videos | |
| --- | --- |
| Game highlights | |

### Michigan State

### Northwestern

* James Medlock 23 rushes, 129 yards

### Iowa

**#5 Iowa at Purdue**
| 1 2 3 4 Total  **Hawkeyes** 7 17 0 3 27  Boilermakers 7 10 0 7 **24** |
| --- |
|  |
|  |

### At Indiana

**Purdue Boilermakers (4–6) at Indiana Hoosiers (4–6)**

| Quarter | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Purdue** | 10 | 21 | 0 | 3 | **34** |
| Indiana | 7 | 7 | 7 | 0 | **21** |

*at Memorial Stadium, Bloomington, Indiana*

* **Date**: November 23
* **Game time**: 1:00 p.m. CDT
* **Game attendance**: 51,752
*

| Game information |
| --- |
|  |

| External videos | |
| --- | --- |
| Purdue Jim Everett 70-yard TD pass to Rodney Carter (second quarter) | |

## Awards and honors

## 1986 NFL Draft

| **Player** | **Position** | **Round** | **Pick** | **NFL club** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Jim Everett | Quarterback | 1 | 3 | Houston Oilers |
| Ray Wallace | Running back | 6 | 145 | Houston Oilers |
| Mark Jackson | Wide receiver | 6 | 161 | Denver Broncos |
| Rodney Carter | Running back | 5 | 146 | Pittsburgh Steelers |
| Mark Drenth | Tackle | 11 | 279 | Tampa Bay Buccaneers |
| Steve Griffin | Wide receiver | 12 | 308 | Atlanta Falcons |
|

## InfoBox

| 1985 Purdue Boilermakers football | |
| --- | --- |
| Conference | Big Ten Conference |
| Record | 5–6 (3–5 Big Ten) |
| Head coach |  |
| Offensive coordinator | Bob Spoo (1st season) |
| Defensive coordinator | Joe Tiller (3rd season) |
| MVP | Jim Everett |
| Captain | Jim Everett, Bob Ziltz |
| Home stadium | Ross–Ade Stadium |
|


title: Tshego

abstract: Tshegofatso Ketshabile, known professionally as Tshego is a South African-American singer-songwriter. He gained prominence in 2016, after releasing his hit single "Hennessy" and release of his debut album Pink Panther (2019).

text:
# Tshego

**Tshegofatso Ketshabile**, known professionally as **Tshego** is a South African-American singer-songwriter. He gained prominence in 2016, after releasing his hit single "Hennessy" and release of his debut album *Pink Panther* (2019).

## Early life

Tshego was born to two ordained ministers on 21 May 1990 in Atlanta, Georgia United States where his parents were studying. He frequently visited South Africa from the age of 4 until he eventually relocated and settled in Mafikeng to focus on his music career.

## Career

In May 2020, Tshego signed a record deal with Def Jam Africa, a flagship of Def Jam Recordings.

## Personal life

Tshego has previously admitted to being a drug addict in 2016. Tshego has a daughter born on 12 July 2019 with Lola Kyle.

## Discography

### Studio albums

| Album Name | Release Year | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Pink Panther | 2019 |  |

### Single discography

| Single Name | Release Year | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Hennessy (ft. Gemini Major & Cassper Nyovest) | 2016 |  |
| The Vibe (ft Cassper Nyovest) | 2017 |  |
| Money Machine (featuring Nasty C and Nadia Nakai) | 2018 |  |
| No Ties (ft. King Monada) | 2019 |  |

## Awards and nominations

| Year | Award Ceremony | Award Name | Work | Results | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2020 | 26th South African Music Awards | Best R&B/Soul Album | Pink Panther | Nominated |  |
| 2020 | 26th South African Music Awards | Record of the Year | No Ties | Nominated |  |

## InfoBox

| Tshego | |
| --- | --- |
| Birth name | Tshegofatso Ketshabile |
| Also known as | Pink Panther |
| Born | (1990-05-21) 21 May 1990<br>Atlanta, Georgia, United States |
| Origin | South African |
| Citizenship |  |
|  | |
| Genres | Pop, R&B, Hip hop |
| Occupations | * Singer * songwriter |
| Instrument | Vocals |
| Years active | 2014–present |
| Labels |  |
|  | |
| Website | officialtshego.com |


title: Walter Kamper

abstract: Walter Kamper was an Austrian pianist.

text:
# Walter Kamper

**Walter Kamper** (6 October 1931 – 26 September 2015) was an Austrian pianist.

## Life

Born in Vienna, Kamper studied at the Vienna University of Music and Performing Arts with Richard Hauser and at the Berlin State University of Music and Performing Arts with Helmut Roloff. He made his debut as a concert pianist in 1951 in Vienna. From 1963 until his retirement in 2000, he taught at the University of Music and Performing Arts Graz. With Michael Schnitzler and Walther Schulz, he founded the Haydn Trio Wien in 1964. In 1979, he was appointed full professor of piano at the university.

Kamper was a laureate of numerous international competitions, including the Geneva International Music Competition 1952 and the 1960 Brussels Queen Elisabeth Competition. In 1996, he was awarded the Austrian Decoration for Science and Art.

Kamper died in Graz at the age of 83.


title: Purna Chandra Mitra

abstract: Purna Chandra Mitra was an Indian politician. He was a Member of Parliament, representing Bihar in the Rajya Sabha the upper house of India's Parliament as a member of the Indian National Congress.

text:
# Purna Chandra Mitra

**Purna Chandra Mitra** was an Indian politician . He was a Member of Parliament, representing Bihar in the Rajya Sabha the upper house of India's Parliament as a member of the Indian National Congress.

## InfoBox

| Purna Chandra Mitra | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha | |
| **In office**<br>1952-1959 | |
| Constituency | Bihar |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1877-08-11)11 August 1877 |
| Political party | Indian National Congress |
|  | |


title: Tigre Club

abstract: The Tigre Club stands on the banks of the Luján River, in Paseo Victorica, Tigre, near Buenos Aires, Argentina. The club, built next to the Tigre Hotel, was financed by Ernesto Tornquist and was designed by the architects Pablo Pater, Luis Dubois and the engineer Emilio Mitre; it was opened on 13 January 1912. Like the hotel nearby opened in 1890, the Tigre Club soon became an important meeting place for the rich and famous. The elegant and luxurious building has two floors with mezzanines with large windows on almost all sides. The main saloon on the first floor has frescoes by the Spanish artist Julio Vila y Prades (1875-1930), the staircases are of marble and there are Venetian mirrors and French chandeliers. A casino operated there from 1927 until 1933, when it was transferred to Mar del Plata after a law was passed prohibiting the existence of a casino so close to Buenos Aires. The closing of the casino and the international crisis brought about a considerable loss of visitors. After the demolition of the Tigre Hotel in 1940, the club continued to function as a restaurant with live shows but it never recovered its former glory. In 1979 the Tigre Club was declared a National Historic Monument. After extensive restoration it now houses the Tigre Municipal Museum of Fine Art, opened in 2006. The museum houses an extensive collection of Argentine art.

text:
# Tigre Club

The **Tigre Club** stands on the banks of the Luján River, in *Paseo Victorica*, Tigre, near Buenos Aires, Argentina. The club, built next to the Tigre Hotel (demolished in 1940), was financed by Ernesto Tornquist and was designed by the architects Pablo Pater, Luis Dubois and the engineer Emilio Mitre (son of the former President of Argentina, Bartolomé Mitre); it was opened on 13 January 1912. Like the hotel nearby opened in 1890, the Tigre Club soon became an important meeting place for the rich and famous. The elegant and luxurious building has two floors with mezzanines with large windows on almost all sides. The main saloon on the first floor has frescoes by the Spanish artist Julio Vila y Prades (1875-1930), the staircases are of marble and there are Venetian mirrors and French chandeliers.

A casino operated there from 1927 until 1933, when it was transferred to Mar del Plata after a law was passed prohibiting the existence of a casino so close to Buenos Aires. The closing of the casino and the international crisis brought about a considerable loss of visitors. After the demolition of the Tigre Hotel in 1940, the club continued to function as a restaurant with live shows but it never recovered its former glory.

In 1979 the Tigre Club was declared a National Historic Monument. After extensive restoration it now houses the Tigre Municipal Museum of Fine Art (*Museo de Arte Tigre*), opened in 2006. The museum houses an extensive collection of Argentine art.

34°24′34″S 58°35′28″W / 34.40944°S 58.59111°W / -34.40944; -58.59111


title: Lukáš Ďuriška

abstract: Lukáš Ďuriška is a Slovak professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder.

text:
# Lukáš Ďuriška

**Lukáš Ďuriška** (born 16 August 1992) is a Slovak professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder.

## Club career

In the summer of 2013, he played in Malta for Mosta.

On 31 July 2020, he signed a two-year deal with Zagłębie Sosnowiec. On 23 May 2022, it was announced he would leave the team at the end of his contract. By June 2022, Ďuriška returned to play for AS Trenčín as a free agent.

## Career statistics

*As of 21 June 2014*

| Club performance | | | League | | Cup | | Continental | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Season | Club | League | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
|
| Slovakia | | | League | | Slovak Cup | | Europe | | Total | |
| 2010–11 | AS Trenčín | 2. liga | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| 2011–12 | AS Trenčín | Corgoň Liga | 4 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 |
| 2011–12 | AGOVV Apeldoorn | Eerste Divisie | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 0 |
| 2012–13 | AS Trenčín | Corgoň Liga | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 |
| 2013–14 | | | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
| 2013–14 | Mosta F.C. | Maltese Premier League | 13 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 1 |
| Career total | | | 39 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 42 | 1 |

## Honours

**Raków Częstochowa**

## InfoBox

Lukáš Ďuriška
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Lukáš Ďuriška | | |
| Date of birth | (1992-08-16) 16 August 1992 | | |
| Place of birth | Trenčín, Czechoslovakia | | |
| Height | 1.91 m (6 ft 3 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Defensive midfielder | | |
| Youth career | | | |
|  | Soblahov | | |
|  | AS Trenčín | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2011–2014 | AS Trenčín | 15 | (0) |
| 2012 | AGOVV Apeldoorn (loan) | 11 | (0) |
| 2013 | Mosta (loan) | 13 | (1) |
| 2014–2016 | Frýdek-Místek | 33 | (0) |
| 2016–2019 | Raków Częstochowa | 34 | (1) |
| 2018–2019 | Ruch Chorzów (loan) | 25 | (2) |
| 2019–2020 | Olimpia Grudziądz | 28 | (1) |
| 2020–2022 | Zagłębie Sosnowiec | 51 | (0) |
| 2022–2023 | AS Trenčín | 12 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 23 May 2023 | | | |


title: Procordulia

abstract: Procordulia is a genus of dragonfly in the family Corduliidae. Procordulia are found in Southeast Asia, New Guinea, Australia, New Zealand and parts of the Pacific region.

text:
# Procordulia

***Procordulia*** is a genus of dragonfly in the family Corduliidae. *Procordulia* are found in Southeast Asia, New Guinea, Australia, New Zealand and parts of the Pacific region.

## Species

The genus *Procordulia* includes the following species:

## InfoBox

| *Procordulia* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Procordulia smithii* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Odonata |
| Infraorder: | Anisoptera |
| Family: | Corduliidae |
| Subfamily: | Corduliinae |
| Genus: | *Procordulia*<br>Martin, 1907 |
|