title: Ministry of National Education (France)

abstract: The Ministry of National Education and Youth, or simply Ministry of National Education, as the title has changed several times in the course of the Fifth Republic, is the cabinet member in the Government of France who oversees the country's public educational system and supervises agreements and authorisations for private teaching organisations. The ministry's headquarters is located in the 18th century Hôtel de Rochechouart on the Rue de Grenelle in the 7th arrondissement of Paris. As education is France's largest employment domain, the ministry directs the work of more than half of the state civil servants. The position is therefore traditionally a strategic one. On 11 January 2024, with the installation of the Attal government, the ministry changed its name to Ministère de l'Éducation nationale, de la Jeunesse, des Sports et des Jeux Olympiques et Paralympiques. During the second cabinet reshuffle of February 2024, and owing to a controversy involving Amélie Oudéa-Castéra, the ministry was divided into two: Oudéa-Castéra kept the Ministry of Sports and Olympic and Paralympic Games title, while the Ministry of Education was assigned to Nicole Belloubet. After the 2024 French legislative election, Anne Genetet was appointed Minister of National Education on 21 September 2024.

text:
# Ministry of National Education (France)

The **Ministry of National Education and Youth**, or simply **Ministry of National Education**, as the title has changed several times in the course of the Fifth Republic, is the cabinet member in the Government of France who oversees the country's public educational system and supervises agreements and authorisations for private teaching organisations.

The ministry's headquarters is located in the 18th century Hôtel de Rochechouart on the Rue de Grenelle in the 7th arrondissement of Paris. As education is France's largest employment domain, the ministry directs the work of more than half of the state civil servants. The position is therefore traditionally a strategic one.

On 11 January 2024, with the installation of the Attal government, the ministry changed its name to *Ministère de l'Éducation nationale, de la Jeunesse, des Sports et des Jeux Olympiques et Paralympiques* (Ministry of National Education, Youth, Sports and the Olympic and Paralympic Games). During the second cabinet reshuffle of February 2024, and owing to a controversy involving Amélie Oudéa-Castéra, the ministry was divided into two: Oudéa-Castéra kept the Ministry of Sports and Olympic and Paralympic Games title, while the Ministry of Education was assigned to Nicole Belloubet. After the 2024 French legislative election, Anne Genetet was appointed Minister of National Education on 21 September 2024.

## History

A governmental position overseeing public education was first created in France in 1802. Following the various regime changes in France in the first decades of the 19th century, the position changed official status and name a number of times before the position of **Minister of Public Instruction** was created in 1828. For much of its history, the position was combined with that of Minister of Public Worship, who dealt with issues related to the Roman Catholic Church, except in instances where the Minister of Public Instruction was a Protestant. The position has also occasionally been combined with Minister of Sports and Minister of Youth Affairs. In 1932, the office's title was changed to **Minister of National Education**, although it was briefly changed back in 1940–1941, and was renamed **Minister of Education** during the presidency of Valéry Giscard d'Estaing (1974–1981). In 1975, it created the *Comité d'études sur les formations d'ingénieurs* which studies the training and job placement of engineers in France.

## InfoBox

| Minister of National Education and Youth | |
| --- | --- |
| *Ministre de l'Éducation nationale et de la Jeunesse* | |
|  | |
| Incumbent
Anne Genetet
since 21 September 2024 | |
| Ministry of National Education | |
| Member of | Cabinet |
| Reports to | President of the Republic
Prime Minister |
| Seat | Hôtel de Rochechouart, 110 rue de Grenelle, Paris 7e. |
| Nominator | Prime Minister |
| Appointer | President of the Republic |
| Term length | No fixed term |
| Formation | 1 February 1828 |
| Website | www.education.gouv.fr |


title: Wesley Chu

abstract: Wesley Chu (朱恆昱) is a Taiwanese-American author of speculative fiction.

text:
# Wesley Chu

| Wesley Chu | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Traditional Chinese | 朱恆昱 |
| Simplified Chinese | 朱恒昱 |
| Transcriptions  Standard Mandarin  Hanyu Pinyin Zhū Héngyù  Wade–Giles Chu Heng-yü | |
|  | |

**Wesley Chu** (朱恆昱) (born September 23, 1976, in Taipei) is a Taiwanese-American author of speculative fiction.

## Early life and career

Chu was originally raised by his grandparents in Taiwan while his parents were studying in the United States. In 1982, he joined his parents in Lincoln, Nebraska, later settling in Chicago in 1990. He received a degree in management information systems from the University of Illinois, worked consulting jobs, then spent ten years in the banking industry. Chu has acted in film and television, and has also worked as a stuntman. Chu has appeared in several commercials alongside numerous celebrities, such as Michael Jordan.

## Writing career

Chu's first novel, *The Lives of Tao*, was submitted in 2011 to Angry Robot Books as part of their "Open Door" process, and published in 2013. It was selected as one of the 2014 Alex Awards winners. Chu became a full-time writer in 2014. He was nominated for the Astounding Award for Best New Writer in 2014 and 2015, winning the second time.

Chu signed a contract with Angry Robot Books early in 2015 for the *Io* series, new novels set in the same universe as the *Tao* series. His novel *Time Salvager* was optioned to Paramount in 2015, with Michael Bay attached to direct.

In 2019, Chu and Cassandra Clare debuted #1 on the New York Times Bestseller list with their novel *The Red Scrolls of Magic*, the first of *The Eldest Curses* series, part of *The Shadowhunter Chronicles*. Robert Kirkman tapped Chu to write the first *The Walking Dead* novel set in Asia, titled *The Walking Dead: Typhoon*, which was released on October 1, 2019.

In 2021, it was announced that Original Film and Sony Pictures Television had acquired the rights for Chu's *The War Arts Saga*, with plans to adapt the novels for television. Chu was listed as an executive producer on the project. In 2022, *Kirkus Reviews* named *The Art of Prophecy* one of the best science fiction and fantasy books of the year.

## Bibliography

### *Tao* series

* *The Lives of Tao* (Angry Robot Books, 2013)
* *The Deaths of Tao* (Angry Robot Books, 2014)
* *The Rebirths of Tao* (Angry Robot Books, 2015)
* *The Days of Tao* (Angry Robot Books, 2016)

### *Time Salvager* series

* *Time Salvager* (Tor, 2015)
* *Time Siege* (Tor, 2016)

### *Io* series

The *Io* series (a three-book synopsis exists) is a continuation of the *Tao* series, centered on new characters, Ella and her alien Io.

* *The Rise of Io* (Angry Robot Books, 2016)
* *The Fall of Io* (Angry Robot Books, 2018)

### *The Eldest Curses* series (young adult)

Co-written with Cassandra Clare and part of *The Shadowhunter Chronicles*

* *The Red Scrolls of Magic* (Margaret K. McElderry Books, 2019)
* *The Lost Book of the White* (Margaret K. McElderry Books, 2020)
* *The Black Volume of the Dead* (Margaret K. McElderry Books, TBA)

### *The Walking Dead* series

* *The Walking Dead: Typhoon* (Skybound Books, 2019)

### *The War Arts Saga*

## Filmography

## Interviews

* "Wesley Chu:Timelines". *Locus*. Vol. 75, no. 2. August 2015. pp. 60–62.
* "*Time Salvager*, Wesley Chu, Talks at Google". *YouTube - Talks at Google*. 2015-08-07. Retrieved 2022-07-05.

## InfoBox

| Wesley Chu | |
| --- | --- |
| Chu in 2019 | |
| Native name | 朱恆昱 |
| Born | September 23, 1976<br>Taipei, Taiwan |
| Occupation | Author |
| Alma mater | University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (BS) |
| Genre |  |
| Notable works | * *Tao* trilogy * *The Red Scrolls of Magic* |
| Notable awards |  |
| Website | |
| wesleychu.com | |


title: Mirage (Scotch song)

abstract: "Mirage" is a song by the Italian Italo disco band Scotch.

text:
# Mirage (Scotch song)

"**Mirage**" is a song by the Italian Italo disco band Scotch.

## Background

"Mirage" was co-written by singers Vince Lancini and Fabio Margutti and producer David Zambelli.

## Track listing

* **Italian 7-inch single**

A. "Mirage" – 3:55 B. "Amor Por Victoria" – 4:30 * **German 12-inch maxi single**

A. "Mirage" – 5:02 B1. "Amor Por Victoria" – 4:49 B2. "Mirage" (German Version) – 4:57

## Personnel

**Scotch**

* Vince Lancini – lead and harmony vocals
* Fabio Margutti – keyboards

## Charts

### Weekly charts

Weekly chart performance for "Mirage"
| Chart (1986) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Italy (*Musica e dischi*) | 25 |
| Sweden (Sverigetopplistan) | 2 |
| West Germany (Official German Charts) | 56 |
|

## InfoBox

| "Mirage" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Scotch | |
| from the album  *Pictures of Old Days* | |
| B-side | "Amor Por Victoria" |
| Released | 1986 |
| Genre | Italo disco |
| Length | 3:55 |
| Label | * Many Records * ZYX |
| Songwriter(s) | * Vincenzo Lancini * Fabio Margutti * David Zambelli |
| Producer(s) | * David Zambelli * Walter Zambelli * Walter Verdi |
| Scotch singles chronology | |
| "Take Me Up"
(1985) "**Mirage**"
(1986) "Money Runner"
(1986) | |
|  | |
| Audio | |
| "Mirage" on YouTube | |
|  | |


title: Minamoto no Tametomo

abstract: Minamoto no Tametomo, also known as Chinzei Hachirō Tametomo, was a samurai who fought in the Hōgen Rebellion of 1156. He was the son of Minamoto no Tameyoshi, and brother to Yukiie and Yoshitomo. Tametomo is known in the epic chronicles as a powerful archer and it is said that he once sunk an entire Taira ship with a single arrow by puncturing its hull below the waterline. It is also added in many legends that his left arm was about 4 inches longer than his right, enabling a longer draw of the arrow, and more powerful shots. He fought in the Siege of Shirakawa-den, along with his father, against the forces of Taira no Kiyomori and Minamoto no Yoshitomo, his brother. The palace was set aflame, and Tametomo was forced to flee. After the Hōgen Rebellion, the Taira cut the sinews of Tametomo's left arm, limiting the use of his bow, and then he was banished to the island of Ōshima in the Izu Islands. Tametomo eventually killed himself by slicing his abdomen, or committing seppuku. He is quite possibly the first warrior to commit seppuku in the chronicles. During the Edo period, a descendant of Tametomo named Kitō Heinai was involved in the 1754 Hōreki River incident. He is the focus on Takizawa Bakin’s novel Chinsetsu yumiharizuki. Which was illustrated by famous artist Hokusai.

text:
# Minamoto no Tametomo

**Minamoto no Tametomo** (源 為朝, 1139 – April 23, 1170), also known as **Chinzei Hachirō Tametomo** (鎮西 八郎 為朝), was a samurai who fought in the Hōgen Rebellion of 1156. He was the son of Minamoto no Tameyoshi, and brother to Yukiie and Yoshitomo.

Tametomo is known in the epic chronicles as a powerful archer and it is said that he once sunk an entire Taira ship with a single arrow by puncturing its hull below the waterline. It is also added in many legends that his left arm was about 4 inches longer than his right, enabling a longer draw of the arrow, and more powerful shots. He fought in the Siege of Shirakawa-den, along with his father, against the forces of Taira no Kiyomori and Minamoto no Yoshitomo, his brother. The palace was set aflame, and Tametomo was forced to flee.

After the Hōgen Rebellion, the Taira cut the sinews of Tametomo's left arm, limiting the use of his bow, and then he was banished to the island of Ōshima in the Izu Islands. Tametomo eventually killed himself by slicing his abdomen, or committing seppuku. He is quite possibly the first warrior to commit *seppuku* in the chronicles.

During the Edo period, a descendant of Tametomo named Kitō Heinai (鬼頭 兵内) was involved in the 1754 Hōreki River incident.

He is the focus on Takizawa Bakin’s novel *Chinsetsu yumiharizuki* (Strange Tales of the Crescent Moon). Which was illustrated by famous artist Hokusai.

## InfoBox

| Minamoto no Tametomo | |
| --- | --- |
| 源 為朝 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1139 A.D. |
| Died | 23 April 1170(1170-04-23) (aged 30–31)<br>Higo Province, Japan |
| Parent | Minamoto no Tameyoshi (father) Unknown (mother) |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | Minamoto clan |
| Battles/wars | Hōgen Rebellion, Siege of Shirakawa-den |
|  | |


title: Werner of Magdeburg

abstract: Werner of Steusslingen was the archbishop of Magdeburg from 1063 until his death. His episcopate was dominated by the Investiture Contest. He was an ally of King Henry IV of Germany until 1073, when he joined the first Saxon revolt. Imprisoned in 1075 and released the following year, he joined the second Saxon revolt in 1077. He was killed at the battle of Mellrichstadt.

text:
# Werner of Magdeburg

**Werner of Steusslingen** (died 7 August 1078) was the archbishop of Magdeburg from 1063 until his death. His episcopate was dominated by the Investiture Contest. He was an ally of King Henry IV of Germany until 1073, when he joined the first Saxon revolt. Imprisoned in 1075 and released the following year, he joined the second Saxon revolt in 1077. He was killed at the battle of Mellrichstadt.

## Rise

Werner belonged to the Steusslingen family, part of the lesser nobility of the Duchy of Swabia. His father was Walter and his mother Eggela (Engela). She was buried in Magdeburg Cathedral. His brother was Archbishop Anno II of Cologne and his sister's son was Bishop Burchard II of Halberstadt. He and Burchard owed their episcopal appointments in the Duchy of Saxony to the influence of Anno on King Henry IV.

Prior to his appointment as archbishop, Werner was the provost of Maria ad Gradus, which Anno had founded in Cologne. When the see of Magdeburg became vacant, Anno had Henry overturn the cathedral chapter's election and appoint Werner. Adam of Bremen in his *Gesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontificum* cites the case of Werner as exemplary of Anno's baleful nepotism. The anonymous author of the *Gesta archiepiscoporum Magdeburgensium* considered Werner to lack qualification for high office, being "a mild man and not sharp-witted".

Werner was an ally of Henry IV until 1072–1073. He frequently attended Henry's court and Henry twice visited Magdeburg during this period. Werner's last appearance at court was in March 1072 at Goslar. Henry celebrated Pentecost in Magdeburg on 27 May 1072. By July 1073, however, Werner was, alongside his nephew, one of the leaders of the eastern Saxon revolt. According to Bruno of Merseburg, his reasons were the same as those of the princes and boiled down to opposition to Henry IV's policy of recovering demesne lands in eastern Saxony that had been usurped during his minority.

## Revolts

A letter addressed by Werner to Archbishop Siegfried I of Mainz in 1074 or 1075 is an important source on the early phase of the revolt and the rebels' thinking. According to Werner, Henry IV seized the Saxon princes' lands arbitrarily and "not because of any fault on our part", but in order to reward the less wealthy members of his household (*familiares*), and then "fortified the more inaccessible places in our region with very strong castles." Henry's "personal garrisons" he even accused of "kill\[ing\] those who wished to defend their liberty." Werner blamed the desecration of graves in the Harzburg on "peasants with \[their\] characteristic ignorance." He was not only interested in defending the rebels' actions, however, but in averting the coming royal expedition. He asked Siegfried to intercede for the Saxons with the king.

In the spring of 1075, according to Bruno, Henry IV was willing to reconcile with Werner and the other Saxon rebels on the condition that they hand over Burchard of Halberstadt and the other major conspirators. Since he would not guarantee a trial before their peers, his offer was rebuffed. The rebels were crushed at the battle of Homburg on 9 June and the main rebels surrendered to the king in late October. Werner was imprisoned in Goslar.

In the summer of 1076, Henry released Werner as a show of goodwill, perhaps at the insistence of Pope Gregory VII. This move failed to calm the Saxons or to convert Werner, who immediately joined a new revolt. In March 1077, he was one of the electors of Rudolf of Rheinfelden as anti-king. He was one of those clergymen who fled at the start of the battle of Mellrichstadt on 7 August 1078, causing Rudolf's army to panic. In the defeat, Werner was killed. He was buried in the Abbey of Our Lady in Magdeburg, to which he had shown favour.

Assessments of Werner's pontificate have generally been negative. The author of the *Gesta archiepiscoporum Magdeburgensium* referred to "the harm inflicted on \[the\] church" by Werner. He has been compared unfavourably to Burchard, who had skills commensurate with his office. Werner is described as "a shadowy figure" compared to his "astute and energetic" nephew, although he had brought some benefit to his church from royal generosity during the first decade of his episcopate. Overall, his pontificate was "not a blessing" for the church.

## Bibliography

* Blumenthal, Uta-Renate (1988). *The Investiture Controversy: Church and Monarchy from the Ninth to the Twelfth Century*. University of Pennsylvania Press.
* Hertel, Gustav (1897), "Werner (Wezilo)", *Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie* (in German), vol. 42, Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, p. 28.
* Robinson, Ian S. (2004) \[1999\]. *Henry IV of Germany, 1056–1106*. Cambridge University Press.


abstract: The Police Officer Joseph P. Olivieri Jr. Memorial Bridge is a highway overpass in North Hills in the Town of North Hempstead in Nassau County, on Long Island, in New York, United States. It carries New Hyde Park Road over the Long Island Expressway. It is named in honor of Joseph P. Olivieri Jr., a police officer who was killed nearby on the line of duty.

text:
# Police Officer Joseph P. Olivieri Jr. Memorial Bridge

The **Police Officer Joseph P. Olivieri Jr. Memorial Bridge** is a highway overpass in North Hills in the Town of North Hempstead in Nassau County, on Long Island, in New York, United States. It carries New Hyde Park Road over the Long Island Expressway (Interstate 495). It is named in honor of Joseph P. Olivieri Jr., a police officer who was killed nearby on the line of duty.

## Description

The bridge was built in 2000, replacing an older span. It is of a box beam/girder design and is made of prestressed concrete. It is 138 feet (42 m) long, and is owned and maintained by the New York State Department of Transportation.

In 2013, the bridge was named the Joseph P. Olivieri Memorial Bridge in honor of Officer Joseph P. Olivieri, who was killed on the line of duty nearby when a truck crashed into his vehicle. The bill which proposed naming the bridge was signed and ultimately approved by Governor Andrew M. Cuomo.

The bridge is located at 40°46'07.1"N 73°41'30.2"W.

The bridge's New York State bridge identification number is 1049019.

1. "New York OPD Geographic Information Gateway". *opdgig.dos.ny.gov*. Retrieved 2021-08-31.
2. "Bridge Overpass Dedicated to Brave Police Officer". *NY State Senate*. 2013-11-25. Retrieved 2021-09-10.
3. "Section 343-YY - \[First of two versions\]Portion of the state highway system to be designated as the "Police Officer Joseph P. Olivieri Jr. Memorial Bridge", N.Y. High. Law § 343-YY | Casetext Search + Citator". *casetext.com*. Retrieved 2021-09-10.
4. Hampton, Deon J. (2013-11-24). "Bridge renamed for fallen Nassau officer". *Newsday*. Archived from the original on 2021-09-10. Retrieved 2021-09-10.
5. Jacques, Rich (2013-08-02). "Shimel Lends Support to Bill Honoring Fallen Officer". *Great Neck, NY Patch*. Retrieved 2021-09-10.
6. "Governor Cuomo Signs Legislation Honoring Law Enforcement Officers Who Gave Their Lives in Service". *LongIsland.com*. Retrieved 2021-09-10.
7. "Bill Search and Legislative Information | New York State Assembly – Bill No. A06822". *assembly.state.ny.us*. Retrieved 2021-09-10.
8. "40°46'07.1"N 73°41'30.2"W · 34 I-495, North Hempstead, NY 11030". *Google Maps*. Retrieved 2021-09-10.

## InfoBox

| Joseph P. Olivieri Memorial Bridge | |
| --- | --- |
| Coordinates | 40°46′07.1″N 73°41′30.2″W / 40.768639°N 73.691722°W / 40.768639; -73.691722 |
| Carries | New Hyde Park Road |
| Crosses | Long Island Expressway |
| Locale | North Hills, New York, United States |
| Named for | Joseph P. Olivieri |
| Owner | NYSDOT |
| Maintained by | NYSDOT |
| Characteristics | |
| Design | box girder |
| Material | Prestressed concrete |
| Total length | 138 feet (42 m) |
| History | |
| Built | 2000 |
| Location | |
|  | |


title: Zhang Huimin

abstract: Zhang Huimin is a Chinese girl who completed a 3,550 kilometres (2,210 mi) run from the southern Chinese province of Hainan to Beijing when she was eight years old. Each day, she rose at 2:30am, and ran the equivalent of 1.5 marathons, therefore running around 84 kilometres (52 mi) per day. After this, Huimin ran from Shanghai to Nyalam County, Tibet, a distance of 5,800 kilometres (3,600 mi). Huimin managed to arrive after just 51 days. Waking once again at 2:30am each morning, she would run until 7pm covering nearly 115 kilometres (71 mi) per day, and wearing out 39 pairs of shoes in the process. In 2009, Huimin set out to set a record for the Chinese government. She was to run until continuously only stopping for 15 minutes to rest every 6 hours. Reports say that she covered 541 miles at which point she collapsed the after running 143 hours. This counted against her next rest period. While she slept, they bandaged her feet and massaged her legs. It was revealed that her feet had swollen three sizes larger than normal. She was able to continue until she collapsed for the final time after 156 hours and running 579 miles. Zhang Huimin, who was 1.22 metres tall and weighed 21 kilograms (46 lb), hopes to compete in the 2016 Olympic Games, when she will be 17. Her father, who has been accused of forcing the girl to run these distances, has denied all claims, saying "I make the training fun for her. I don't push her...she loves to run. Many people don't understand us", saying that they would "soldier on" regardless of what people think.

text:
# Zhang Huimin

**Zhang Huimin** (张慧敏; born 1999) is a Chinese girl who completed a 3,550 kilometres (2,210 mi) run from the southern Chinese province of Hainan to Beijing when she was eight years old. Each day, she rose at 2:30am, and ran the equivalent of 1.5 marathons, therefore running around 84 kilometres (52 mi) per day.

After this, Huimin ran from Shanghai to Nyalam County, Tibet, a distance of 5,800 kilometres (3,600 mi). Huimin managed to arrive after just 51 days. Waking once again at 2:30am each morning, she would run until 7pm covering nearly 115 kilometres (71 mi) per day, and wearing out 39 pairs of shoes in the process.

In 2009, Huimin set out to set a record for the Chinese government. She was to run until continuously only stopping for 15 minutes to rest every 6 hours. Reports say that she covered 541 miles at which point she collapsed the after running 143 hours. This counted against her next rest period. While she slept, they bandaged her feet and massaged her legs. It was revealed that her feet had swollen three sizes larger than normal. She was able to continue until she collapsed for the final time after 156 hours and running 579 miles.

Zhang Huimin, who was 1.22 metres (4 ft 0 in) tall and weighed 21 kilograms (46 lb), hopes to compete in the 2016 Olympic Games, when she will be 17.

Her father, who has been accused of forcing the girl to run these distances, has denied all claims, saying "I make the training fun for her. I don't push her...she loves to run. Many people don't understand us", saying that they would "soldier on" regardless of what people think.


title: Virgin Experience Days

abstract: Virgin Experience Days is an experience day company launched in 1988 as Acorne Sports and is a brand licence holder for gift experiences and gift cards marketed under the Virgin name. Acorne took over Virgin Experience Days, which had been part of Richard Branson's Virgin Group, in 2002.

text:
# Virgin Experience Days

**Virgin Experience Days** is an experience day company launched in 1988 as Acorne Sports and is a brand licence holder for gift experiences and gift cards marketed under the Virgin name. Acorne took over Virgin Experience Days, which had been part of Richard Branson's Virgin Group, in 2002.

## History

Beginning as 'Virgin Experience' in March 2001 and originally catering to corporate clients in the form of employee and customer incentives the company expanded over the years from targeting mainly those in London to include the rest of the country. In the summer of 2018 the company rebranded to become the newly named 'Virgin Experience Days Limited '.

Starting from a modest product range including other products from the Virgin Group such as Virgin Balloon Flights, the catalogue steadily expanded to include more modern forms of experiences. Nowadays their experiences include skydiving, zorbing and supercar driving alongside celebrity chef dining experiences, historical tours, afternoon teas and more.

## Partnership

Virgin Experience Days are also frequently given away in competitions and work in partnership with bloggers for more in depth reviews of their experiences. The company's business-to-business division was relaunched in 2017 under the name ‘Virgin Incentives’, following Virgin Experience Days' buyout by Inflexion Private Equity.

## InfoBox

Virgin Experience Days
|
|  |
| Industry | Experience Days |
| Founded | 1988 |
| Headquarters | Bourne End, Buckinghamshire |
| Parent | Inflexion Private Equity |
| Website | www.virginexperiencedays.co.uk |


title: Wetering

abstract: Wetering is a hamlet in the Dutch province of Overijssel. It is located in the municipality of Steenwijkerland, about 9 km southwest of the town of Steenwijk. It was first mentioned in 1899 as Wetering, and means "discharge canal". Wetering is a statistical entity, has its own postal code, and has two abandoned churches. Nevertheless it is hamlet probably due to its small population and spread out houses.

text:
# Wetering

**Wetering** is a hamlet in the Dutch province of Overijssel. It is located in the municipality of Steenwijkerland, about 9 km southwest of the town of Steenwijk.

It was first mentioned in 1899 as Wetering, and means "discharge canal". Wetering is a statistical entity, has its own postal code, and has two abandoned churches. Nevertheless it is hamlet probably due to its small population and spread out houses.

1. "Kerncijfers wijken en buurten 2021". *Central Bureau of Statistics*. Retrieved 17 March 2022.
2. "Postcodetool for 8363TH". *Actueel Hoogtebestand Nederland* (in Dutch). Het Waterschapshuis. Retrieved 17 March 2022.
3. *ANWB Topografische Atlas Nederland*, Topografische Dienst and ANWB, 2005.
4. "Wetering - (geografische naam)". *Etymologiebank* (in Dutch). Retrieved 17 March 2022.
5. "Postcode 8363 in Wetering". *Postcode bij adres* (in Dutch). Retrieved 17 March 2022.
6. "Wetering". *Plaatsengids* (in Dutch). Retrieved 17 March 2022.

## InfoBox

| Wetering | |
| --- | --- |
| Hamlet | |
| View on Wetering | |
| WeteringLocation in the NetherlandsWeteringWetering (Netherlands) | |
| Coordinates: 52°45′17″N 5°59′45″E / 52.75472°N 5.99583°E / 52.75472; 5.99583 | |
| Country | Netherlands |
| Province | Overijssel |
| Municipality | Steenwijkerland |
| Area | |
| Total | 6.82 km2 (2.63 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 0 m (0 ft) |
| Population (2021) | |
| Total | 185 |
| Density | 27/km2 (70/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 8363 |
| Dialing code | 0521 |


title: Trikola

abstract: Trikola is a village development committee in Saptari District in the Sagarmatha Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 4065.

text:
# Trikola

**Trikola**  is a village development committee in Saptari District in the Sagarmatha Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 4065.

1. "Nepal Census 2001". *Nepal's Village Development Committees*. Digital Himalaya. Retrieved 23 November 2008.

26°34′N 86°52′E / 26.57°N 86.86°E / 26.57; 86.86

## InfoBox

| Trikola त्रिकोल | |
| --- | --- |
| Village development committee | |
| Country | Nepal |
| Zone | Sagarmatha Zone |
| District | Saptari District |
| Population (1991) | |
| Total | 4,065 |
| Time zone | UTC+5:45 (Nepal Time) |


title: Tracey Gloster

abstract: Tracey Maureen Gloster is a chemist at the University of St Andrews UK. Her research interests are in structural biology, chemical biology, glycobiology and carbohydrate processing enzymes.

text:
# Tracey Gloster

**Tracey Maureen Gloster** is a chemist at the University of St Andrews UK. Her research interests are in structural biology, chemical biology, glycobiology and carbohydrate processing enzymes.

## Education

Gloster studied biochemistry at University of Warwick, graduating in 2002 and then moved to University of York where she was awarded a PhD in chemistry in 2005 for research supervised by Gideon Davies.

## Career and research

In her early career she was funded by the Wellcome Trust, initially with a Henry Wellcome post-doctoral fellowship held between 2008 and 2011 at Simon Fraser University, Canada, where she worked with David Vocadlo, and then a Wellcome Trust Research Career Development fellowship in 2012 when she joined the University of St Andrews, Scotland. As of 2022 she holds the position of Reader.

Her research is about all aspects of enzymes that deal with carbohydrates within eukaryotes. Carbohydrates are made from a very wide range of sugar molecules that can be attached to each and other molecules in diverse ways. These glycosylations can have profound consequences for the roles and activities of the molecules and can result in disease if the cell does not process them correctly. Identifying the location and nature of glycosylations is technically challenging, in addition to the challenge of linking them to functions. Gloster has applied inhibitors to gain more understanding about exactly how they work, including describing a new class of glycosyltransferase inhibitors. The techniques that Gloster uses includes ones based around cells, including molecular biology and cell cultures, as well as biophysical methods such as enzyme kinetics, X-ray crystallography and isothermal titration calorimetry.

### Publications

Gloster is the author or co-author of over 50 scientific publications. They include:

* *An anti-CRISPR viral ring nuclease subverts type III CRISPR immunity*
* *Exploitation of carbohydrate processing enzymes in biocatalysis*
* *Revealing the mechanism for covalent inhibition of glycoside hydrolases by carbasugars at an atomic level*
* *The enzymatic degradation of heparan sulfate*
* *Advances in understanding glycosyltransferases from a structural perspective*
* *Developing inhibitors of glycan processing enzymes as tools for enabling glycobiology*

### Awards and honours

Gloster was awarded the Biochemical Society early career research award in 2012, the L’Oreal UK and Ireland Fellowship For Women In Science Fellowship in 2013 and she was awarded the Dextra Medal by the Royal Society of Chemistry in 2019 for her work in carbohydrate chemistry largely conducted in the UK within 15 years of gaining a PhD.

She serves as a member of the Royal Society International Exchanges Committee between 2017 - 2022. She serves as treasurer of the Royal Society of Chemistry Carbohydrate Interest Group. She chairs one of the review panels that judge requests to use the Diamond Light Source.

She is a member of the Young Academy of Scotland.

## InfoBox

| Tracey Gloster | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Tracey Maureen Gloster |
| Alma mater | University of Warwick (BSc)
University of York (PhD) |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Structural biology
Chemical biology
Glycobiology
Carbohydrate processing enzymes |
| Institutions | University of St Andrews
Simon Fraser University |
| Thesis | *Transition state mimicry in glycoside hydrolysis* (2005) |
| Doctoral advisor | Gideon Davies |
|  | |
| Website | risweb.st-andrews.ac.uk/portal/en/persons/tracey-gloster(d02c38ef-6020-455d-8ec5-d72eeb81ad64).html |


title: Wyong Lakes Australian Football Club

abstract: The Wyong Lakes Australian Football Club, nicknamed the Magpies, is an Australian rules football club that plays in the AFL Hunter Central Coast league in the Black Diamond Plate competition. The club is based in the Central Coast suburb of Tacoma, New South Wales.

text:
# Wyong Lakes Australian Football Club

The **Wyong Lakes Australian Football Club,** nicknamed the Magpies, is an Australian rules football club that plays in the AFL Hunter Central Coast league in the Black Diamond Plate (Division Two) competition. The club is based in the Central Coast suburb of Tacoma, New South Wales.

## Club history

Australian rules football was introduced to the Central Coast region in the early 1970s when Gosford were founded in 1971 and joined the Newcastle Australian Football League. However, despite interest of forming a competition based on the Coast, Gosford were currently the only club in the region. After an advertisement was placed in the newspaper that served the Wyong district, the Advocate Newspaper, a meeting was held in the CWA Hall in Long Jetty in September 1975 which led to the establishment of The Lakes Australian Football Club, which is what the club was known at the time. The Lakes were one of five foundation clubs of the Central Coast Australian Football League, along with Gosford Tigers, Narara Wyoming Bulldogs, Terrigal Panthers and Woy Woy Swans. The Lakes were based at Tacoma Oval, which today is their current home ground, which only had male and female toilets and a cricket pitch in the centre of the field until the late 1970s when changerooms were built.

The Lakes finished the inaugural 1976 CCAFL season in fourth spot, and made the Grand Final which they lost by 10 points to Gosford. But the favour was returned in the following Grand Final of 1978 when The Lakes beat Gosford by 10 points, and won the 1979 flag over Woy Woy.

The 1980s however, saw the end of the Magpies' success and some long losing streaks also. During that same time period, the name was changed from 'The Lakes' to 'Wyong' with very little success, being renamed again not long after to 'Wyong Lakes' to recognise the club's past and local area that the club represents.

The 1990s saw the Magpies improve on the field, with the First Grade side heading deep into the Finals series and the Reserves making the Grand Final, which they would eventually lose. Despite the club's improvement on the field, the Magpies were still unable enough to bring home another flag.

The Black Diamond Australian Football League was formed in 2000 following the merger between the Central Coast and Newcastle leagues, in which the same decade saw a decline for the Magpies, withdrawing from the Black Diamond Cup in 2001 due to increased travel time for away games in Newcastle and the departure and retirement of players. Wyong Lakes played in the Second Grade with some successful premiership seasons in 2003 and 2004, which saw them return to the Black Diamond Cup in 2005. That same year saw the club celebrate its 30th anniversary.

After some more mixed results Wyong Lakes again withdrew from the BDAFL's top flight competition to rebuild in 2012. The BDAFL introduced a third men's competition in 2014 which further helped the club build and gain new players, which resulted in a 2014 1st Division Grand Final win over Newcastle City reserves by 20 points. The Magpies again qualified for Finals in 2015 but 2016 saw them drop down to sixth spot in a ten-team competition. Wyong Lakes fielded their first Women's team in 2015 which finished 5th with 3 wins and 11 losses.

The 2017 season saw an improvement for Wyong Lakes, finishing as minor premiers and again qualifying for Finals before eventually bowing out to Singleton by 28 points.

2018 saw the Magpies return to the Black Diamond Cup where they finished the season 7th in an eleven-team competition.

## Premierships

## InfoBox

| Wyong Lakes | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Names | |
| Full name | Wyong Lakes Australian Football Club |
| Former name(s) | The Lakes |
| Nickname(s) | *Magpies* |
| 2022 season | |
| After finals | TBC |
| Home-and-away season | Men's Plate TBC <br>Women's Cup TBC |
| Best and fairest | TBC |
| Club details | |
| Founded | 1975 (1975) |
| Colours |  |
| Competition | AFL Hunter Central Coast |
| Coach | Michael Solomons |
| Premierships | 3 (1978, 1979 - CCAFL) (2014 - BDAFL 1st Division) |
| Ground(s) | Don Small Oval |
| Uniforms | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Other information | |
| Official website | wyonglakesafc.tidyhq.com |


title: Sandro Iashvili

abstract: Sandro Iashvili is a retired Georgian football striker.

text:
# Sandro Iashvili

**Sandro Iashvili** (Georgian: სანდრო იაშვილი; born 3 January 1985) is a retired Georgian football striker.

## InfoBox

Sandro Iashvili
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1985-01-03) 3 January 1985 | | |
| Place of birth | Soviet Union | | |
| Height | 1.85 m (6 ft 1 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Striker | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2001–2003 | WIT Georgia Tbilisi | 2 | (0) |
| 2003–2004 | Dinamo Tbilisi | 24 | (7) |
| 2004–2005 | FC Tbilisi | 24 | (9) |
| 2005–2007 | Dinamo Tbilisi | 41 | (28) |
| 2007–2008 | Thun | 21 | (1) |
| 2008 | Sioni Bolnisi | 0 | (0) |
| 2009 | Anzhi Makhachkala | 21 | (4) |
| 2010–2011 | Olimpi Rustavi (loan) | 18 | (5) |
| 2012 | Chikhura Sachkhere | 1 | (0) |
| International career | | | |
| 2001–2002 | Georgia U17 | 12 | (11) |
| 2004–2006 | Georgia U21 | 7 | (1) |
| 2004 | Georgia | 3 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Sandra Blakeslee

abstract: Sandra Blakeslee is an American science correspondent of over four decades for The New York Times and science writer, specializing in neuroscience. Together with neuroscientist V. S. Ramachandran, she authored the 1998 popular science book Phantoms in the Brain: Probing the Mysteries of the Human Mind.

text:
# Sandra Blakeslee

**Sandra Blakeslee** (born 1943) is an American science correspondent of over four decades for *The New York Times* and science writer, specializing in neuroscience. Together with neuroscientist V. S. Ramachandran, she authored the 1998 popular science book *Phantoms in the Brain: Probing the Mysteries of the Human Mind*.

## Biography

Blakeslee is the third member of her family to specialize in science writing; her grandfather Howard W. Blakeslee wrote for the Associated Press, and was awarded a Pulitzer Prize for Reporting in 1937, and her father, Alton L. Blakeslee, also wrote for the AP.

Sandra Blakeslee was raised in Port Washington, New York. She attended Northwestern University for two years, before transferring to the University of California, Berkeley, where she majored in political science, graduating in 1965. She then joined the Peace Corps, serving in Sarawak, Borneo, where she taught elementary school.

Blakeslee started at the *New York Times* United Nations bureau and city desk in 1967, before moving to the science desk in 1968. She later began writing for the *Times* on contract. In the 1980s, she began to specialize in neuroscience. She co-authored a series of books on marriage and divorce with psychologist Judith Wallerstein.

Starting in 1995, Blakeslee began hosting a writing workshop with fellow *Times* writer George Johnson at the Santa Fe Institute, which awarded her a journalism fellowship in 2013.

Blakeslee lives in Santa Fe. She has two children and five grandchildren. Her son, Matt Blakeslee, is also a science writer, and her co-author on the 2007 book *The Body Has a Mind of Its Own: How Body Maps in Your Brain Help You Do (Almost) Everything Better*. Her daughter, Abi Blakeslee Kelleher, is a clinical psychologist.

## Books

## InfoBox

| Sandra Blakeslee | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1943 (age 8081) |
| Occupation | Science writer |
| Nationality | American |
| Alma mater | University of California, Berkeley (1965) |
| Notable awards | Templeton–Cambridge Journalism Fellowship
Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science

Fellow of the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry |
| Children | Matthew Blakeslee (son)
Abi Blakeslee Kelleher (daughter) |
| Relatives | Howard W. Blakeslee (grandfather) |
| Website | |
| sandrablakeslee.com | |


title: Sandy Gunn (rugby union)

abstract: Sandy Gunn was a Scotland international rugby union player. His regular playing position was fly half.

text:
# Sandy Gunn (rugby union)

**Sandy Gunn** (16 November 1890 – 1 April 1980) was a Scotland international rugby union player. His regular playing position was fly half.

## Rugby Union career

### Amateur career

Gunn played for Royal HSFP.

On 7 April 1911 *The Scottish Referee* newspaper while noting that Hawick would probably be the favourites instead tipped the Royal HSFP side to win the Melrose Sevens in 1911 stating that if they pick their best side of G. A. McLaren, Sandy Gunn, J. Hume, A. Elder, A. C. Brown, W. A. Kennedy, and W. J. Sommerville, that they would take a lot of beating. However Hawick did win the Melrose Sevens that year.

Gunn scored a respectable 11 tries for Royal in the 1910-11 season.

### Provincial career

Gunn played for Edinburgh District against Glasgow District in the inter-city match of 2 December 1911 and in the inter-city match of 7 December 1912.

Gunn played for Whites Trial against Blues Trial on 6 January 1912.

The first outing of the Combined Scottish Districts was originally deemed a 'Glasgow and Districts' line-up, despite players from all around Scotland actually outnumbering those from Glasgow District. Gunn played for the combined district side on 27 November 1912 against South Africa.

Gunn played for Blues Trial against Whites Trial on 21 December 1912.

### International career

Gunn played in 5 tests for Scotland.

Gunn was picked instead at Centre for the match against South Africa.

### Administrative career

Gunn was named as a committee member of Royal HSFP in 1913.

## Family

Gunn's parents were James Gunn (1851-1929) and Christina Bell Turner (1852-1914). They had 2 daughters: Christina Sinclair Gunn (1884-1969) and Catherine Jane Turner Gunn (1888-1959) and 2 sons: James Turner Gunn (1881-1968) and Sandy noted here.

James Gunn was from Caithness and Christina Bell Turner was from Argyll, but they moved to Wales in their thirties, for a few years before returning to Scotland. While James Turner Gunn and Christina Sinclair Gunn were both born in Scotland, Catherine Jane Turner Gunn and Sandy were born in Pontypool in Wales.

Sandy married Marjorie Ruth Clare Anderson (1896-1961) in St. Silas Episcopal Church in Glasgow on 9 January 1923.

They had a son Alasdair Turner Gray Gunn (1926-2014).

## InfoBox

Sandy Gunn
| Birth name | Alexander William Gunn |
| --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1890-11-16)16 November 1890 |
| Place of birth | Pontypool, Wales |
| Date of death | 1 April 1980(1980-04-01) (aged 89) |
| Place of death | Stowlangtoft, England |
| Rugby union career | |
| **Position(s)** Fly half  Amateur team(s)  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  Royal HSFP   ()  Provincial / State sides  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  1911-12 Edinburgh District   ()  1912 Whites Trial   ()  1912
1912 Combined Scottish Districts
Blues Trial   ()  International career  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  1912-13 Scotland  5  (3) | |


abstract: San Pasqual is a census-designated place in Los Angeles County, California. It lies between San Marino and Pasadena. The major streets in San Pasqual are San Pasqual Street, South Sierra Madre Blvd., and Oakdale Street. San Pasqual is served by the Pasadena post office responsible for ZIP code 91107, and thus locations there are properly addressed with the final line reading "Pasadena, CA 91107". The population was 2,041 at the 2010 census. The name comes from the Rancho San Pascual, of which San Pasqual is one of the remaining unincorporated areas.

text:
# San Pasqual, Los Angeles County, California

**San Pasqual** () is a census-designated place in Los Angeles County, California. It lies between San Marino and Pasadena. The major streets in San Pasqual are San Pasqual Street, South Sierra Madre Blvd., and Oakdale Street. San Pasqual is served by the Pasadena post office responsible for ZIP code 91107, and thus locations there are properly addressed with the final line reading "Pasadena, CA 91107". The population was 2,041 at the 2010 census.

The name comes from the Rancho San Pascual, of which San Pasqual is one of the remaining unincorporated areas.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 0.3 square miles (0.7 km2), all of it land.

## Demographics

At the 2010 census San Pasqual had a population of 2,041. The population density was 8,001.1 inhabitants per square mile (3,089.2/km2). The racial makeup of San Pasqual was 1,344 (65.9%) White (54.6% Non-Hispanic White), 63 (3.1%) African American, 7 (0.3%) Native American, 438 (21.5%) Asian, 1 (0.0%) Pacific Islander, 104 (5.1%) from other races, and 84 (4.1%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 362 people (17.7%).

The whole population lived in households, no one lived in non-institutionalized group quarters and no one was institutionalized.

There were 909 households, 228 (25.1%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 426 (46.9%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 75 (8.3%) had a female householder with no husband present, 36 (4.0%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 42 (4.6%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 13 (1.4%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 301 households (33.1%) were one person and 83 (9.1%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.25. There were 537 families (59.1% of households); the average family size was 2.89.

The age distribution was 365 people (17.9%) under the age of 18, 120 people (5.9%) aged 18 to 24, 656 people (32.1%) aged 25 to 44, 617 people (30.2%) aged 45 to 64, and 283 people (13.9%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 41.3 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.5 males.

There were 961 housing units at an average density of 3,767.3 per square mile, of the occupied units 533 (58.6%) were owner-occupied and 376 (41.4%) were rented. The homeowner vacancy rate was 0.7%; the rental vacancy rate was 7.6%. 1,290 people (63.2% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 751 people (36.8%) lived in rental housing units.

According to the 2010 United States Census, San Pasqual had a median household income of $96,938, with 2.5% of the population living below the federal poverty line.

## InfoBox

| San Pasqual, California | |
| --- | --- |
| census-designated place | |
| Location in Los Angeles County, California | |
| San Pasqual, CaliforniaLocation within the State of CaliforniaSan Pasqual, CaliforniaSan Pasqual, California (the United States) | |
| Coordinates: 34°8′21″N 118°6′9″W / 34.13917°N 118.10250°W / 34.13917; -118.10250 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | California |
| County | Los Angeles |
| Area | |
| Total | 0.255 sq mi (0.661 km2) |
| Land | 0.255 sq mi (0.661 km2) |
| Water | 0 sq mi (0 km2)  0% |
| Elevation | 696 ft (212 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 2,101 |
| Density | 8,200/sq mi (3,200/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-8 (Pacific (PST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-7 (PDT) |
| ZIP codes | 91107 |
| GNIS feature IDs | 248942; 2629291 |
| U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: San Pasqual, Los Angeles County, California; U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: San Pasqual, Los Angeles County, California | |


title: Sandy Ruby

abstract: Sandow "Sandy" Sacks Ruby was an American mathematician and entrepreneur who helped found the electronics retail company Tech HiFi. He was born in Orange, New Jersey, to Myron Ruby and Leonore Sacks. The earliest years of his life were spent on army bases as his father served as an officer in the United States Army during World War II but the rest of his childhood was mostly spent in Essex Fells and South Orange. After graduation from Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts, he was accepted into Harvard, where he studied mathematics, he later attended M.I.T. While at M.I.T. he and a fellow student by the name of John Strohbeen started selling stereos out of their dorm room, a business which would grow into Tech HiFi, one of the largest consumer electronics chains in the country. Ruby and Strohbeen opened their first store at the corner of Massachusetts Avenue and Vassar street in Cambridge. The business had expanded to more than eighty stores by the time they went out of business during the mid eighties. He died in Boston at the age of 67 from diabetes-related complications. He was the brother of Democratic Party official Alice Germond, and the half-brother of poet and journalist Michael Handler Ruby.

text:
# Sandy Ruby

**Sandow "Sandy" Sacks Ruby** (July 23, 1941  November 22, 2008) was an American mathematician and entrepreneur who helped found the electronics retail company Tech HiFi.

He was born in Orange, New Jersey, to Myron Ruby and Leonore Sacks. The earliest years of his life were spent on army bases as his father served as an officer in the United States Army during World War II but the rest of his childhood was mostly spent in Essex Fells and South Orange. After graduation from Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts, he was accepted into Harvard, where he studied mathematics, he later attended M.I.T.

While at M.I.T. he and a fellow student by the name of John Strohbeen started selling stereos out of their dorm room, a business which would grow into Tech HiFi, one of the largest consumer electronics chains in the country. Ruby and Strohbeen opened their first store at the corner of Massachusetts Avenue and Vassar street in Cambridge. The business had expanded to more than eighty stores by the time they went out of business during the mid eighties.

He died in Boston at the age of 67 from diabetes-related complications. He was the brother of Democratic Party official Alice Germond, and the half-brother of poet and journalist Michael Handler Ruby.

1. Weber, Bruce (November 26, 2008). "Sandy Ruby, Co-Founder of Tech Hifi, Dies at 67". *The New York Times*.
2. Lawrence, J.M. (November 30, 2008). "Sandy Ruby; launched Tech HiFi from MIT dorm room. *The Boston Globe*.


title: San Pietro alla Carità

abstract: Chiesa di San Pietro alla Carità is a Romanesque architecture Catholic Church of Tivoli, Lazio. The church is one of the oldest in Tivoli and its present appearance is due to 12th-century rebuilding and restoration in 1951 following the bombing suffered during World War II. Inside is a cosmatesque floor.

text:
# San Pietro alla Carità

**Chiesa di San Pietro alla Carità** ("Church of Saint Peter to the Charity" in English) is a Romanesque architecture Catholic Church of Tivoli, Lazio. The church is one of the oldest in Tivoli and its present appearance is due to 12th-century rebuilding and restoration in 1951 following the bombing suffered during World War II. Inside is a cosmatesque floor.

## Description

The church has a brick façade with three doors that lead to the central part of the church building. At the top are two side windows with a center circle under the eves. A bell tower is decorated with Cornices and arched windows. The interior is characterized by a cosmatesque floor that adorns the nave, with the works art in the apse of the main altar, "Christ crucified between the Virgin and St. John the Evangelist", dating from the fourteenth century and the "Madonna Enthroned with Saints Peter and Paul", dating from the thirteenth century.

## History

The church was built in the 5th century at the request of Pope Simplicius, a native of Tivoli, on the ruins of an ancient Roman villa, which probably belonged to Quinto Cecilio Metello Pio Scipione Nasica.

The church named after the Saint Peter from a legend, that the Christian community was founded by the apostles that met in this building. The first mention of the church is found in the biography of Pope Leo III, in the *Liber Pontificalis.*

Between the 16th and 17th centuries the church underwent heavy modifications. In 1951, restoration was made after the bombing suffered during World War II when the church was returned to the city.

In the third season of *Medici (TV Series)*, scenes featuring Girolamo Savonarola at the convent of San Marco were shot at the church of San Pietro alla Carità in Tivoli. The facade and bell tower are seen when Savonarola preaches to the crowd of Florentines, and the interior in some scenes.

## InfoBox

| Church of San Pietro alla Carità | |
| --- | --- |
| Chiesa di San Pietro alla Carità | |
| The church of San Pietro alla Carità. | |
| Church of San Pietro alla CaritàLocation in Italy | |
| 41°57′49″N 12°47′49″E / 41.96361°N 12.79694°E / 41.96361; 12.79694 | |
| Location | Via Campitelli, Tivoli |
| Country | Italy |
| Language(s) | Italian |
| Denomination | Catholic |
| Tradition | Roman Rite |
| History | |
| Status | regional church |
| Architecture | |
| Functional status | active |
| Style | Romanesque architecture |
| Years built | 5th century |
| Administration | |
| Diocese | Rome |


title: Santa Maria di Propezzano

abstract: Santa Maria di Propezzano is a Romanesque-style, former-Benedictine abbey and church located along Strada Provinziale 22C, in the Vomano valley, near the hamlet of Morro D'Oro, in the province of Teramo, region of Abruzzo, Italy.

text:
# Santa Maria di Propezzano

**Santa Maria di Propezzano** is a Romanesque-style, former-Benedictine abbey and church located along Strada Provinziale 22C, in the Vomano valley, near the hamlet of Morro D'Oro, in the province of Teramo, region of Abruzzo, Italy.

## History

Apparently the site was occupied in pre-Christian times, but tradition holds that on May 10, 715, an apparition of the Virgin (Santa Maria de Propitiano) occurred. The Marian devotion which signifies the *Holy Mary propitiating miseries* was altered by dialect to *Propezzano*. The site was granted indulgences by Pope Boniface II in 1393. The abbey became wealthy in land but then appropriated by the Dukes of Atri.

During the Middle Ages its attached monastery was on the pilgrimage route from Italy to the Holy Land.

The sculpted portal, so-called *Holy Door* (circa 1315), was completed by Raimondo del Poggio; behind it is the belltower. The façade has three different heights. The center has a three-arched porch with traces of 15th-century frescos.

The interior has a nave and two lateral aisles separated by rounded arches. The convent has a 16th-century cloister. Sebastiano Majewski frescoed the cloister's lunettes; whereas, the refectory's 16th-century frescos depict the history of the foundation of the church.


title: Sanford Saltus Gold Medal

abstract: The John Sanford Saltus Medal is the premier distinction of the British Numismatic Society, awarded triennially, on the vote of Members, for the recipient's scholarly contributions to British Numismatics. The medal was established in 1910 with a generous donation by Mr John Sanford Saltus (1854-1922), a past-President of the Society. Although the award was initially based on publications in the British Numismatic Journal, the regulations were widened in 2005 to take account of an author's entire publications in the field and to make non-members eligible for the award. An appeal in 2005 established a Prize Fund to support this and the Society's other prizes.

text:
# Sanford Saltus Gold Medal

The **John Sanford Saltus Medal** is the premier distinction of the British Numismatic Society, awarded triennially, on the vote of Members, for the recipient's scholarly contributions to British Numismatics. The medal was established in 1910 with a generous donation by Mr John Sanford Saltus (1854-1922), a past-President of the Society.

Although the award was initially based on publications in the *British Numismatic Journal*, the regulations were widened in 2005 to take account of an author's entire publications in the field and to make non-members eligible for the award. An appeal in 2005 established a Prize Fund to support this and the Society's other prizes.

## Recipients of the Medal

* 1910: P. W. P. Carlyon-Britton
* 1911: Helen Farquhar
* 1914: W. J. Andrew
* 1917: L. A. Lawrence
* 1920: Lt Col. H. W. Morrieson
* 1923: H. A. Parsons
* 1926: G. R. Francis
* 1929: J. S. Shirley-Fox
* 1932: C. Winter
* 1935: R. Carlyon-Britton
* 1938: W. C. Wells
* 1941: C. A. Whitton
* 1944: (Not awarded)
* 1947: R. C. Lockett
* 1950: C. E. Blunt
* 1953: D. F. Allen
* 1956: F. Elmore Jones
* 1959: R. H. M. Dolley
* 1962: H. H. King
* 1965: H. Schneider
* 1968: E. J. Winstanley
* 1968: C. W. Peck (posthumous award)
* 1971: B. H. I. H. Stewart
* 1974: C. S. S. Lyon
* 1977: S. E. Rigold
* 1980: Marion M. Archibald
* 1983: D. M. Metcalf
* 1986: Joan E. L. Murray
* 1989: H. E. Pagan
* 1992: C. E. Challis
* 1995: J. J. North
* 1997: P. Grierson (special award)
* 1999: R. H. Thompson
* 2002: E. M. Besly
* 2005: P. Woodhead
* 2008: M. A. S. Blackburn
* 2011: M. R. Allen
* 2014: N J Mayhew
* 2017: N M McQ Holmes
* 2020: D. Dykes
* 2023: B. J. Cook


title: Sanaschtykgolia

abstract: Sanaschtykgolia is an extinct genus from a well-known class of fossil marine arthropods, the trilobites. It lived during the Botomian stage, which lasted from approximately 524 to 518.5 million years ago. This faunal stage was part of the Cambrian Period.

text:
# Sanaschtykgolia

***Sanaschtykgolia*** is an extinct genus from a well-known class of fossil marine arthropods, the trilobites. It lived during the Botomian stage, which lasted from approximately 524 to 518.5 million years ago. This faunal stage was part of the Cambrian Period.

## InfoBox

| *Sanaschtykgolia*<br>Temporal range: Botomian | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
| Fossil | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Trilobita |
| Order: | Ptychopariida |
| Genus: | ***Sanaschtykgolia*** |
|


title: Santa Marina, Campania

abstract: Santa Marina is a town and comune in the province of Salerno in the Campania region of south-western Italy.

text:
# Santa Marina, Campania

**Santa Marina** is a town and *comune* in the province of Salerno in the Campania region of south-western Italy.

## Geography

The municipality, located in southern Cilento, borders with Ispani, Morigerati, San Giovanni a Piro, Torre Orsaia, Tortorella and Vibonati.

Santa Marina counts 3 hamlets (*frazioni*): Lupinata, Policastro Bussentino and Poria. Policastro is the most populated municipal settlement and a sea resort.

## InfoBox

| Santa Marina | |
| --- | --- |
| *Comune* | |
| Comune di Santa Marina | |
|  | |
| Santa Marina within the Province of Salerno | |
| Location of Santa Marina | |
| Santa MarinaLocation of Santa Marina in ItalySanta MarinaSanta Marina (Campania) | |
| Coordinates: 40°6′19.91″N 15°32′28.9″E / 40.1055306°N 15.541361°E / 40.1055306; 15.541361 | |
| Country | Italy |
| Region | Campania |
| Province | Salerno (SA) |
| *Frazioni* | Lupinata, Policastro Bussentino, Poria |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Giovanni Fortunato |
| Area | |
| Total | 28.36 km2 (10.95 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 415 m (1,362 ft) |
| Population (28 February 2017) | |
| Total | 3,239 |
| Density | 110/km2 (300/sq mi) |
| Demonym | Santamarinesi |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 84070 |
| Dialing code | 0974 |
| Patron saint | St. Marina |
| Saint day | 18 June |
| Website | Official website |


title: Santiago (album)

abstract: Santiago is an album by The Chieftains, released through RCA Records in 1996. The album is dedicated to traditional music of Galicia, the region in the northwest of Spain, and also adaptation of Galician emigrants' musical folklore in Latin American music, for example, in the music of Mexico and Cuba. As Paddy Moloney noted in the CD's booklet, Galicia is "the world's most undiscovered Celtic country". The album features collaborations with Carlos Núñez, Linda Ronstadt, Los Lobos, Ry Cooder, Eliot Fisk, Richard Egües, Pancho Amat, Kepa Junkera, Júlio Pereira,. In 1997, the album earned the group the Grammy Award for Best World Music Album.

text:
# Santiago (album)

***Santiago*** is an album by The Chieftains, released through RCA Records in 1996. The album is dedicated to traditional music of Galicia, the region in the northwest of Spain, and also adaptation of Galician emigrants' musical folklore in Latin American music, for example, in the music of Mexico and Cuba. As Paddy Moloney noted in the CD's booklet, Galicia is "the world's most undiscovered Celtic country".

The album features collaborations with Carlos Núñez, Linda Ronstadt, Los Lobos, Ry Cooder, Eliot Fisk, Richard Egües, Pancho Amat, Kepa Junkera, Júlio Pereira, (among others). In 1997, the album earned the group the Grammy Award for Best World Music Album.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Pilgrimage to Santiago, pt, 1: Txalaparta" | traditional | 1:16 |
| 2. | "Pilgrimage to Santiago, pt, 2: Arku-Dantza / Arin-Arin" | traditional | 4:21 |
| 3. | "Pilgrimage to Santiago, pt, 3: El Besu (The Kiss)" | traditional | 2:19 |
| 4. | "Pilgrimage to Santiago, pt, 4: Não Vas Ao Mar, Toino (Don't Go to the Sea, Toino)" | traditional | 2:02 |
| 5. | "Pilgrimage to Santiago, pt, 5: Dum Pater Familias / Ad Honorem" | traditional | 3:13 |
| 6. | "Dueling Chanters (Sixpenny Money / Polka de Vilagarcia)" | traditional | 2:53 |
| 7. | "Galician Overture" | Paddy Moloney | 11:01 |
| 8. | "Guadalupe" (with Linda Ronstadt and Los Lobos) | traditional | 2:50 |
| 9. | "Minho Waltz" | traditional, arr. Matt Molloy | 3:21 |
| 10. | "Setting Sail / Muiñeira de Frexido" | traditional, arr. P. Moloney | 3:26 |
| 11. | "Maneo" | traditional | 3:28 |
| 12. | "Santiago de Cuba" (with Ry Cooder) | traditional, arr. P. Moloney | 3:37 |
| 13. | "Galleguita / Tutankhamen" (with Ry Cooder) | traditional | 4:07 |
| 14. | "Tears of Stone" | traditional | 2:40 |
| 15. | "Dublin in Vigo" (Medley: a) Alborada Gallega; b) Miudiño; c)Lola; d) Jackson's Morning Brush; e) Muiñeira de Cabana; f) Muiñeira de Chantada) | traditional | 7:07 |

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| Santiago | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by The Chieftains | |
| Released | 1996 |
| Genre | World
Latin/Celtic
Celtic fusion
Galician folk
Cuban folk
Mexican folk
Irish folk |
| Length | 57:43 |
| Label | RCA |
| Producer | Paddy Moloney |
| The Chieftains chronology | |
| *Film Cuts*
(1996) ***Santiago***
(1996) *Long Journey Home* | |


title: Santiago (Sariego)

abstract: Santiago is one of three parishes in Sariego, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain. The parish church is the Iglesia de Santiago el Mayor (Sariego). It is 9.89 km⁲ (3.82 sq mi) in size, with a population of 694.

text:
# Santiago (Sariego)

**Santiago** is one of three parishes in Sariego, a municipality within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain. The parish church is the Iglesia de Santiago el Mayor (Sariego).

It is 9.89 km2 (3.82 sq mi) in size, with a population of 694 (INE 2005).

## Villages and hamlets

* Berros
* La Carcavá
* La Cuesta
* Llamasanti
* Moral
* Ñora
* Pedrosa
* El Rebollal
* Santianes
* La Vega


title: Sankri Devta

abstract:
Sankri Devta temple is in the village of Meer in Udhampur district, Jammu and Kashmir, India. It is located on route of Pancheri at a distance of about 33 km from Udhampur. The village is mostly of hilly terrain and only very small portion is used for agriculture. Sankari Devta temple has idols of deities which are known to be of Shiva and Shakti. The temple is said to be about more than 500 years old.
Famous sankri mela also organised at the month of August or September in which huge crowd of peoples comes together and take blessing of baba sankri

text:
# Sankri Devta

**Sankri Devta** temple is in the village of Meer in Udhampur district, Jammu and Kashmir, India. It is located on route of Pancheri at a distance of about 33 km from Udhampur. The village is mostly of hilly terrain and only very small portion is used for agriculture.

Sankari Devta temple has idols of deities which are known to be of Shiva and Shakti. The temple is said to be about more than 500 years old. Famous sankri mela also organised at the month of August or September in which huge crowd of peoples comes together and take blessing of baba sankri


title: Sandra Drabik

abstract: Sandra Drabik is a Polish boxer. She won the silver medal in the women's 51 kg event at the 2015 European Games and one of the bronze medals in that event at the 2019 European Games. In 2011, she won the silver medal at the 2011 Women's European Union Amateur Boxing Championships in the women's 54 kg event. A few months later she also won the silver medal in the 2011 Women's European Amateur Boxing Championships in the women's 54 kg event. In 2016, she won one of the bronze medals in the women's 51 kg event at the 2016 Women's European Amateur Boxing Championships. She competed in the women's flyweight event at the 2020 Summer Olympics held in Tokyo, Japan. She is Jan Kochanowski University alumni.

text:
# Sandra Drabik

**Sandra Drabik** (born 13 August 1988, in Kielce) is a Polish boxer. She won the silver medal in the women's 51 kg event at the 2015 European Games and one of the bronze medals in that event at the 2019 European Games.

In 2011, she won the silver medal at the 2011 Women's European Union Amateur Boxing Championships in the women's 54 kg event. A few months later she also won the silver medal in the 2011 Women's European Amateur Boxing Championships in the women's 54 kg event.

In 2016, she won one of the bronze medals in the women's 51 kg event at the 2016 Women's European Amateur Boxing Championships.

She competed in the women's flyweight event at the 2020 Summer Olympics held in Tokyo, Japan.

She is Jan Kochanowski University alumni.

## InfoBox

Sandra Drabik
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1988-08-13) 13 August 1988<br>Kielce, Poland |
| Sport | |
| Country | Poland |
| Sport | Boxing |
| Medal record      European Games   2015 Baku Flyweight  2019 Minsk Flyweight  European Championships  2011 Rotterdam Bantamweight  2016 Sofia Flyweight  EU Championships  2011 Katowice Bantamweight  2013 Keszthely Flyweight  World Military Boxing Championships  2021 Moscow Flyweight | |


title: Sankt Laurentii Church Tower

abstract: The Sankt Laurentii Church Mama Tower is all that remains of Sankt Laurentii Church in Roskilde on the Danish island of Zealand. The church itself was built of travertine in the Romanesque style in the 13th century but was torn down after the Reformation leaving only the tower from the beginning of the 16th century. The tower now forms part of the former town hall. It contains a museum where archaeological finds from 1998 can be seen.

text:
# Sankt Laurentii Church Tower

The **Sankt Laurentii Church Mama Tower** is all that remains of Sankt Laurentii Church in Roskilde on the Danish island of Zealand. The church itself was built of travertine in the Romanesque style in the 13th century but was torn down after the Reformation leaving only the tower from the beginning of the 16th century. The tower now forms part of the former town hall. It contains a museum where archaeological finds from 1998 can be seen.

55°38′30″N 12°04′53″E / 55.64167°N 12.08139°E / 55.64167; 12.08139


title: Sankt Lambrecht

abstract: Sankt Lambrecht is a market town in the district of Murau in Styria, Austria. It is known for St. Lambrecht's Abbey, one of the most important Benedictine monasteries in Austria. The monastery complex and its gardens are part of the Zirbitzkogel-Grebenzen nature park. In the course of a Styrian administrative reform, the former municipality of Sankt Blasen merged into Sankt Lambrecht with effect from 1 January 2015.

text:
# Sankt Lambrecht

**Sankt Lambrecht** is a market town in the district of Murau in Styria, Austria. It is known for St. Lambrecht's Abbey, one of the most important Benedictine monasteries in Austria. The monastery complex and its gardens are part of the Zirbitzkogel-Grebenzen nature park.

In the course of a Styrian administrative reform, the former municipality of Sankt Blasen merged into Sankt Lambrecht with effect from 1 January 2015.

## Geography

The Upper Styrian municipality is located in the Thaja valley (*Thajagraben*) within the northern Gurktal Alps, east of the district capital Murau and near the Styrian-Carinthian border. At a height of 1,028 m (3,373 ft) above sea level, Sankt Lambrecht is the highest situated market town in Styria. Trades practiced here are woodworking (windows, furniture, chairs), a dynamite factory (explosives, military products), and tourism.

The municipal area comprises the cadastral communities of Sankt Lambrecht and Sankt Blasen.

## History

The Benedictine abbey was established in 1076 by the Margraves of Styria. A first Romanesque basilica was consecrated in 1160, after a blaze it was rebuilt in the preserved Gothic hall church style until 1421.

After the Austrian *Anschluss* to Nazi Germany in 1938, St. Lambrecht Abbey was seized by the Nazi authorities. During World War II the premises housed two sub-camps of the infamous Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp, one for male inmates and one for females.

## Politics

Seats in the municipal assembly (*Gemeinderat*) as of 2015 local elections:

### Sister city / Twin city

The city is twinned with:

## InfoBox

| Sankt Lambrecht | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Sankt LambrechtLocation within Austria | |
| Coordinates: 47°04′00″N 14°18′00″E / 47.06667°N 14.30000°E / 47.06667; 14.30000 | |
| Country | Austria |
| State | Styria |
| District | Murau |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Fritz Sperl (ÖVP) |
| Area | |
| Total | 70.41 km2 (27.19 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 1,028 m (3,373 ft) |
| Population (2018-01-01) | |
| Total | 1,841 |
| Density | 26/km2 (68/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 8813 |
| Area code | +43 3585 |
| Vehicle registration | MU |
| Website | www.stlambrecht.at |


title: Sarah Ellison

abstract: Sarah Ellison is a reporter for The Washington Post. Previously, she served as a special correspondent for Vanity Fair, where she covered politics, culture, and media. Ellison is a regular commentator on CNN, NBC, MSNBC, and other news outlets. She is also a frequent guest on programs such as WNYC, PBS NewsHour, and Democracy Now! Her first book, War at the Wall Street Journal, was published in 2010.

text:
# Sarah Ellison

**Sarah Ellison** is a reporter for *The Washington Post*. Previously, she served as a special correspondent for *Vanity Fair*, where she covered politics, culture, and media. Ellison is a regular commentator on CNN, NBC, MSNBC, and other news outlets. She is also a frequent guest on programs such as WNYC, *PBS NewsHour*, and *Democracy Now!*

Her first book, *War at the Wall Street Journal*, was published in 2010.

## Education

Ellison grew up in Hanover, Pennsylvania. She attended the University of Virginia, where she graduated with honors.

## Early career

Ellison began her journalistic career with the Paris bureau of *Newsweek*. Subsequently, she was hired as a reporter by the *Wall Street Journal*. She spent the next decade working in the Journal's bureaus in Paris, London, and New York, before leaving to write her book, *War at the Wall Street Journal.* Called "definitive" and "cinematic" by a reviewer in the *New York Times*, *War at the Wall Street Journal* was a firsthand account of Rupert Murdoch’s hostile takeover in 2007. While working at the Journal as a reporter, Ellison documented the clash of titanic personalities and journalistic principles that led to Dow Jones & Company being sold to News Corporation for $5.6 billion.

After the book was published, Ellison was banned from a *Wall Street Journal* press conference, in a move interpreted by observers as retaliation for her book’s critical coverage.

## *Vanity Fair*

Ellison joined *Vanity Fair* in 2010 as a contributing editor. In 2016, she was promoted to special correspondent, following her activity for Vanity Fair’s blog, The Hive, which concentrates towards Washington, technology, and politics.

Her work at the magazine covered a wide range of sensitive cultural and political issues, including an exclusive interview with three former supporters of ‘Jackie’, the subject of a discredited campus rape story by *Rolling Stone*.

Other prominent stories included exposés of the Washington elite’s hostile reception of Jared Kushner and Ivanka Trump, and the struggle of conservative commentators like Megyn Kelly to attract mainstream audiences after leaving Fox News. She will continue to publish with *Vanity Fair* until December 2017.

## *Washington Post*

Late in 2017, it was revealed that Ellison would be joining *The Washington Post* to write features on the intersection of media, politics, and technology. She is scheduled to begin publishing with the *Post* on January 22, 2018.

## Awards

The Newswomen’s Club of New York awarded Ellison its Front Page Award in 2017 for her work with Vanity Fair’s blog, The Hive.

In 2015, she was awarded the Mirror Awards' John M. Higgins Award for Best In-Depth/Enterprise Reporting for her contributions to an article titled "The Snowden Saga: A Shadowland of Secrets and Light."

Her writing has also been recognized by the New York Press Club.

## Family

Ellison is married to the Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist Jesse Eisinger. They live in Brooklyn with their daughters.

## Bibliography

* Sarah Ellison, *War at the Wall Street Journal*, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, May 2010, ISBN 978-0-547-15243-1


title: Sara Berry

abstract: Sara Sweezy Berry is an American scholar of contemporary African political economies, professor of history at Johns Hopkins University and co-founder of the Center for Africana Studies at Johns Hopkins.

text:
# Sara Berry

**Sara Sweezy Berry** (born 1940) is an American scholar of contemporary African political economies, professor of history at Johns Hopkins University and co-founder of the Center for Africana Studies at Johns Hopkins.

## Biography

Born in Washington, DC, Berry gained a B.A. in history from Radcliffe College in 1961 and an M.A. from University of Michigan in 1965. She received her PhD in economics at the University of Michigan in 1967 and has taught at Indiana University, Virginia Commonwealth University, Boston University, Johns Hopkins University, and Northwestern University.

Berry has published four books: *Cocoa, Custom, and Socio-Economic Change in Rural Western Nigeria* (1975, Oxford: Clarendon Press) *Fathers Work for Their Sons: Accumulation, Mobility and Class Formation in an Extended Yoruba Community* (1985, University of California Press), *Chiefs Know Their Boundaries: Essays on Poverty, Power and the Past in Asante*, 1896-1996 (2001, Heinemann), and *No Condition is Permanent: The Social Dynamics of Agrarian Change in Sub-Saharan Africa* (1993, University of Wisconsin Press). *Fathers Work for Their Sons* won the 1986 Herskovits Prize for the year's best book on Africa.

She has worked as a consultant for the Rockefeller Foundation, the Ford Foundation, the US Agency for International Development, the National Endowment for the Humanities, and the Herskovits Book Awards Committee. She has received fellowships and awards from the Fulbright Senior Scholars Program, the Social Science Research Council, the Guggenheim Foundation, and the Mary Ingraham Bunting Institute at Radcliffe College.

## Books

* 2001 *Chiefs know their boundaries: essays on property, power and the past*, Asante, 1896-1996.Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.
* 1993 *No condition is permanent: the social dynamics of agrarian change in sub-Saharan Afric*a. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
* 1985 *Fathers work for their sons: accumulation, mobility, and class formation in an extended Yoruba family*. Berkeley & Los Angeles: University of California Press.
* 1975 *Cocoa, custom and socio-economic change in rural western Nigeria*. Oxford: Clarendon.

## Fellowships and grants

* 2000-2002 Faculty research funding for research on land claims and local governance in Ghana
* 1999-2000 Fellow, Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, Stanford, CA
* 1993-94 Fulbright Senior Scholar award for research on the dynamics of land tenure in Nigeria and Ghana.
* 1992 Social Science Research Council grant for research on land tenure in Nigeria & Ghana
* 1988 John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Fellowship
* 1984-85 Noyes Fellow, Mary Ingraham Bunting Institute, Radcliffe College
* 1978-79 Grants from Rockefeller Foundation and the National Science Foundation for research on rural-urban linkages and agrarian change in western Nigeria
* 1969-71 Midwest Universities Consortium grant for research on rural transformation in western Nigeria

## Selected articles

* 2004 *Reinventing the local? Privatization, decentralization and the politics of resource management: examples from Africa*, African Study Monographs, 52, 2: 79-101.
* 2003 *Debate sobre la historia y el problema de la tierra en Africa*, Revista de Historia international: ISTOR-Africa, IV, 14:69-89.
* 2002 *Debating the land question in Africa*, Comparative Studies in Society and History, 44, 4:638-68.
* 2002 *The everyday politics of rent-seeking: land allocation on the outskirts of Kumase*, in C. Lund & K. Juul, eds., Negotiating property–processes of vindication of land claims in sub-Saharan Africa, Heinemann.
* 2002 *Negotiable property: making claims on land and history in Asante, 1896-1996*, in George Bond & Nigel Gibson, eds., Contested terrains: contemporary Africa in focus. Westview.
* 1998 *Unsettled accounts: stool debts, chieftaincy disputes and the question of Asante constitutionalism*, Journal of African History, 39, 1:1-24.
* 1997 *Tomatoes, land and hearsay: property and history in Asante in the time of structural adjustment*, World Development, 25, 8:1225-1241.
* 1995 *Stable prices, unstable values: some thoughts on monetization and the meaning of transactions in West African economies*, in Jane Guyer, ed. Money matters. Instability, values and social payments in the modern history of West African communities. Heinemann.
* 1994 *Resource access and management as historical processes*, in C. Lund & H. Marcussen, eds. Access, control and management of natural resources in sub-Saharan Africa. Occasional Paper 13, International Development Studies, Roskilde University, Denmark.
* 1993 *Coping with confusion: African farmers responses to economic instability in the 1970s and 1980s*, in T. Callaghy and J. Ravenhill, eds. Hemmed in: the dilemmas of African development. New York: Columbia University Press.
* 1993 *Understanding agricultural policy in Africa: the contributions of Robert Bates*, World Development 21,6.
* 1993 *Socio-economic aspects of cassava cultivation and use in Africa: implications for the development of appropriate technology*, Collaborative Study of Cassava in Africa. Working Paper No. 8. Ibadan: International Institute of Tropical Agriculture.
* 1992 *Hegemony on a shoestring: indirect rule and access to resources in Africa*, Africa 62, 3:327-55.
* 1989 *Social institutions and access to resources*, Africa 59, 1:41-55.
* 1989 Editor, special issue on Access, Control and Use of Resources in Agriculture, Africa 59, 1.
* 1988 *Concentration without privatization? Some agrarian consequences of changing patterns of rural land control in Africa*, in R. Downs & S. Reyna, eds. Land and society in contemporary Africa. London and Hanover, NH: University Press of New England.
* 1988 *Property rights and rural resource management: the case of tree crops in West Africa*, Cahiers des Sciences Humaines, XXIV, 1:3-17.
* 1984 *The food crisis and agrarian change in Africa: a review essay*, African Studies Review, 27, 2:59-112.


title: Sanjeeva Nayaka

abstract: Sanjeeva Nayaka is an Indian lichenologist. He is a Chief Scientist at CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Lucknow. He is in charge of the lichenology laboratory. He serves as managing editor of the journal Cryptogam Biodiversity and Assessment, and editor of ILS eLetters, both published by the Indian Lichenological Society.

text:
# Sanjeeva Nayaka

**Sanjeeva Nayaka** (Hindi: संजीव नायक; Kannada: ಸಂಜೀವ ನಾಯಕ) is an Indian lichenologist. He is a Chief Scientist at CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Lucknow. He is in charge of the lichenology laboratory. He serves as managing editor of the journal *Cryptogam Biodiversity and Assessment*, and editor of *ILS eLetters,* both published by the Indian Lichenological Society.

## Career

Nayaka was introduced to research during his graduate studies. He was a volunteer in the 'Western Ghats Biodiversity Inventory Programme'. He was awarded with a Summer Research Fellowship of Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore to study the lichens of Bangalore under Madhav Gadgil. After his post-graduation Nayaka moved to Lucknow to work with Dr. D.K. Upreti at CSIR-NBRI. Initially he worked as a project assistant on the All-India Coordinated Project on Taxonomy. During this period, he explored lichens of Himachal Pradesh. In 2001 he was appointed as a scientist at CSIR-NBRI.

Nayaka revised the genus *Lecanora* for his doctoral thesis under Upreti's supervision. He earned his Ph.D. from Dr. R. M. L. Awadh University, Faizabad. His research interests include taxonomy, biomonitoring and bioprospecting of lichens. Apart from *Lecanora* he has revised taxa such as *Buellia*, *Lecidea*, *Phyllopsora* and *Rinodina*. He has described 28 new lichen species and reported over 110 species as new distributional record. Nayaka travelled throughout India and published lichen floristic accounts for several regions. His major work involves lichens of Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat and Eastern Ghats. He surveyed various wildlife sanctuaries and national parks in India, and he has visited Antarctica twice to study its lichens and their ecophysiology. He has handled eight research projects as Principal Investigator and he is a co-Investigator on more than 25 projects. Nayaka published more than 200 research articles. He participated in national and international conferences and published about 180 abstracts. He authored or edited three books: *A field Guide to the common Lichens of Corbett Tiger Reserve*, *Lichens of Uttar Pradesh*, and *Plant Diversity of Uttar Pradesh (Including Algae and Fungi)*.

## Recognition

## InfoBox

| Sanjeeva Nayaka | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1974-08-01) 1 August 1974<br>Koppa, Chikmagalore district, Karnataka, India |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Lichen Systematics |
| Institutions |  |
| Author abbrev. (botany) | Nayaka |
|  | |
| Website | nbri.res.in |


abstract: Sarawak Tropical Peat Research Institute (STROPI) is a research institute that was set up by the government of Sarawak in 2008, with the stated aim of conducting research on tropical peatland in Sarawak. Its claims which suggest that agriculture practices on peatlands have minimal impact on their roles as carbon sources, are used to justify the development of tropical peatland for agricultural purposes, contrary to the broad scientific consensus on peatlands and its impact on climate change.

text:
# Sarawak Tropical Peat Research Institute

**Sarawak Tropical Peat Research Institute** (STROPI) is a research institute that was set up by the government of Sarawak in 2008, with the stated aim of conducting research on tropical peatland in Sarawak. Its claims which suggest that agriculture practices on peatlands have minimal impact on their roles as carbon sources, are used to justify the development of tropical peatland for agricultural purposes, contrary to the broad scientific consensus on peatlands and its impact on climate change.

## History

Before setting up the tropical peat research institute, the Sarawak government was concerned with international non-governmental organisations (NGO) lobbying in Europe that calls for an import ban of palm oil coming from tropical peatlands because of the claims that cultivation of oil palms on peatland contributes to global greenhouse gases emissions. Therefore, on 26 June 2008, Sarawak State Legislative Assembly passed a law to establish Tropical Peat Research Laboratory. In 2010, eddy covariance flux towers were set up in three locations in Sarawak namely: Sibu, Maludam National Park, and Lambir Hills National Park. The flux towers are co-managed together with researchers from Hokkaido University and National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Japan to estimate the net carbon balance from tropical peatlands. In 2012, the flux tower located at Lambir Hills National Park was moved to secondary peat swamp forest in Betong Division. In 2015, the laboratory was moved to a new research complex.

On 7 November 2016, the laboratory was elevated to the newly named “Sarawak Tropical Peat Research Institute” (STROPI). In 2018, the director for STROPI, Dr Lulie Melling was elected as a member of the executive board of the International Peatland Society (IPS), which is an organisation of individual, corporate and institutional members dedicated to the responsible management and Wise Use of peatlands and peat.

In 2019, Sarawak won the bid to host AsiaFlux conference in 2020. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the event was postponed to 2021.

## Research

Between 2019 and 2020, STROPI was involved in two international collaborations on researches that deal with the long-term thermal sensitivity of Earth's tropical forests and the study of interactions between the beneficial and pathogenic funguses in paddy plants.

## Controversy

In September 2016, the first International Peat Congress (IPC) was held in Kuching, Sarawak. During the congress, it was claimed that drainage-based agriculture with soil compaction is able to reduce carbon emission into the atmosphere. However, after the event, 139 international scientists with expertise in peatland science, had later signed a letter disputing the same unsubstantiated claims at the 2016 Congress, by stating that claimed methods to reduce carbon emissions from peatlands, lacked any empirical evidence to prove its claims.

In a seminal article regarding peatlands' relevance to carbon emissions, which was published in November 2021 by The Washington Post, it was revealed that the 2016 event was an attempt at greenwashing by the government of Sarawak and commercial palm oil advocacy groups, as the relevant international peatland scientists were sidelined (within small basement rooms), in favour of the palm oil industry which were claiming (without any empirical evidence) that Malaysian peatlands had been greatly managed for oil palm. Various news organizations from the region (The Jakarta Post and The Borneo Post), were also invited to publish Sarawak state propaganda, which was contrary to scientific consensus regarding peat, misrepresented the abundance of peer-reviewed studies on peatland emissions by international scientific community, and largely consists of pseudoscience or junk science. Previous scientific evidence had previously established that as peatland is drained (most commonly due to the plantation of oil palms), it releases a rapid pulse of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases as the once-waterlogged plants’ remains degrade with the sudden exposure to air; emissions then continue for decades, until all the peat is gone.

In her written rebuttal to the Post, Lulie Melling, the director of STROPI, engaged in climate change denial by stating that agriculture practices on peatlands have minimal impact on their roles as carbon sources, contrary to the broad scientific consensus of the impact of drying peatland on climate change. She also claimed without peer-reviewed empirical evidence, that other peat scientists, who have studied peat in other parts of the world, don’t understand the unique qualities of the peat in her region.

> "It’s like comparing cheesecake with Swiss cheese."

Melling has often advanced scientific skepticism and pseudoskepticism in unusually nationalist or anti-colonialist terms that have little to no bearing on advancing science through the scientific method; she instead promotes the fallacy of begging the question.

> "I was a shock to the nation and our besieged oil palm industry then because I was not from any well-funded research organisation, yet I single handedly, backed by my small laboratory, pioneered and published the ground breaking research work on peat use and GHG emission to rebut the maligned western detractors on the use of peat as arable land. I was also hailed as the pioneer for tropical peatland research in the world. Sarawak had been subjected to negative comments on oil palm plantations on peatlands in the state and there was even a call for a moratorium on the oil palm expansion. TROPI is now in the frontline on behalf of the state to inform the public that agriculture practices on peatlands have minimal impact on their roles as carbon sources. And today, more than 50 percent of the oil palm revenue for the state is from peatlands.
>
> Dr. Lulie Melling, director of Tropical Peat Research Laboratory (TPRL) Unit in the Chief Minister’s Department of Sarawak, New Sarawak Tribune

As STROPI is unusually under the direct purview of the Chief Minister of Sarawak (instead of the broader state civil service) and was created as a response to the broad scientific consensus against the usage of peatlands for agricultural use (which accelerates the release of carbon dioxide into the air), it is subject to undue influence by the highest political leader of the state and represents a politicization of science, by promoting the interests of the palm oil industry in defiance of scientific consensus, in an effort to manipulate public policy and entrench the existing political structure. STROPI's research activities are funded by the executive branch of state government of Sarawak, which in turn is highly dependent on revenue derived from palm oil grown on peatland within the state, STROPI's findings (that do not possess relevant empirical evidence) are subject to a conflict of interest, whilst publications by STROPI which were not peer-reviewed, are subject to conflicts of interest in academic publishing.

## InfoBox

Sarawak Tropical Peat Research Institute
| Sarawak Tropical Peat Research Institute signage | |
| --- | --- |
| Established | 26 June 2008 |
| Mission | To develop scientific, technical knowledge and understanding for the responsible management and conservation of tropical peat & peatland |
| Focus | Tropical peatland study |
| Owner | Sarawak state government |
| Location | Lot 6035, Kuching - Kota Samarahan Expressway, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia |
| Coordinates | 1°28′55″N 110°25′31″E / 1.48194°N 110.42528°E / 1.48194; 110.42528 |
| Website | http://sarawaktropi.my/ |


# Sarawak at the 1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games

The Crown Colony of Sarawak competed at the 1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games in Perth, Western Australia, from 22 November to 1 December 1962.

## Athletics

Men Track events

| Athlete | Event | Round 1 | | Round 2 | | Semifinal | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| William Chai Ah-Lim | 100 yd | 10.3 | 4 **Q** | 10.5 | 6 | did not advance | | | |
| Joseph Lee Gut-Hing | | 10.0 | 4 **Q** | 10.5 | 5 | did not advance | | | |
| William Lee | | 10.4 | 4 **Q** | 10.7 | 6 | did not advance | | | |
| William Chai Ah-Lim | 220 yd | 23.7 | 6 | did not advance | | | | | |
| Joseph Lee Gut-Hing | | 22.8 | 6 | did not advance | | | | | |
| William Lee | | 23.3 | 5 | did not advance | | | | | |
| William Chai Ah-Lim | 440 yd | DNS | |  | | did not advance | | | |
| William Lee | | DNS | |  | | did not advance | | | |
| Abdul Wahab Mohamed Salleh | 880 yd | 2:04.9 | 5 |  | | did not advance | | | |
| Abdul Wahab Mohamed Salleh | 1 mile | 4:48.4 | 10 |  | | | | did not advance | |
| Kuda Ditta | 120 yd hurdles | DSQ | |  | | | | did not advance | |
| Kuda Ditta | 440 yd hurdles | 55.7 | 6 |  | | | | did not advance | |
| William Chai Ah-Lim
Kuda Ditta
Joseph Lee Gut-Hing
William Lee | 4×110 yd relay | 43.8 | 3 **Q** |  | | | | DSQ | |

Field events

| Athlete | Event | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Distance | Rank |
| Joseph Lee Gut-Hing | Long jump | 22 ft 5+12 in (6.85 m) | 18 |

## InfoBox

| Sarawak at the
1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| CGF code | SAR |
| CGA | Sarawak Sports Olympic Committee |
| in Perth, Western Australia | |
| Competitors | 5 in 1 sport |
| Flag bearers | Opening:
Closing: |
| Medals | Gold 0 Silver 0 Bronze 0 Total 0 |
| British Empire and Commonwealth Games appearances | |
|  | |
| Other related appearances | |
| Malaysia (1966–) | |


title: Sarah Aguti Nyangkori

abstract: Sarah Aguti Nyangkori is a Ugandan social worker and legislator. She is a woman MP in the eleventh parliament representing Dokolo district affiliated to Uganda People's Congress.

text:
# Sarah Aguti Nyangkori

**Sarah Aguti** **Nyangkori** is a Ugandan social worker and legislator. She is a woman MP in the eleventh parliament representing Dokolo district affiliated to Uganda People's Congress.

## Education

Sarah graduated from Uganda Christian University with a bachelor's degree of social works and social administration.

## Political career

In 2021, Aguti contested for the woman MP seat for Dokolo district and lost to Cecilia Ogwal who got 32,223 votes compared to her 10,460 votes.

Aguti was declared the flag bearer for UPC on 19 February 2024 during the party district conference at Dokolo catholic parish, after other two party members withdrawn their interests. On 11 March 2024, she was put forward by UPC party to contest for the Woman MP by-election for Dokolo district.

Aguti won the by-election for woman MP for Dokolo district which took place on 21 March 2024 with 23,044 votes, after the seat became vacant following the death of Cecilia Ogwal on 18 January 2024.

## InfoBox

| Sarah Aguti | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Sarah Aguti Nyangkori |
| Nationality | Ugandan |
| Alma mater | Uganda Christian University |
| Known for | Woman Member of Parliament for Dokolo District |
| Political party | Uganda People's Congress |


title: Sarcohyla robertsorum

abstract:
Sarcohyla robertsorum is a species of frog in the family Hylidae.
It is endemic to Mexico.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and rivers. It has been observed between 2250 and 3050 meters above sea level.
It is threatened by habitat loss. The frog is named after H. Radclyffe Roberts and his wife Hazel Roberts, who collected the holotype.

text:
# Sarcohyla robertsorum

***Sarcohyla robertsorum*** is a species of frog in the family Hylidae. It is endemic to Mexico. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and rivers. It has been observed between 2250 and 3050 meters above sea level. It is threatened by habitat loss.

The frog is named after H. Radclyffe Roberts and his wife Hazel Roberts, who collected the holotype.

## InfoBox

| *Sarcohyla robertsorum* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Vulnerable  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Hylidae |
| Genus: | *Sarcohyla* |
| Species: | ***S. robertsorum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Sarcohyla robertsorum***
(Taylor, 1940) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Hyla robertsorum* Taylor, 1940 * *Plectrohyla robertsorum* (Taylor, 1940) | |


title: Sarasayya

abstract: Sarasayya is a 1971 Indian Malayalam-language film, directed by Thoppil Bhasi and produced by P. V. Sathyam. The film stars Sathyan, Madhu, Sheela and Jayabharathi. It is a sequel to the Malayalam film Ashwamedham (1967), and an adaptation of Thoppil Bhasi's play of the same name. It won the Kerala State Film Award for Best Film.

text:
# Sarasayya

***Sarasayya*** is a 1971 Indian Malayalam-language film, directed by Thoppil Bhasi and produced by P. V. Sathyam. The film stars Sathyan, Madhu, Sheela and Jayabharathi. It is a sequel to the Malayalam film *Ashwamedham* (1967), and an adaptation of Thoppil Bhasi's play of the same name. It won the Kerala State Film Award for Best Film.

## Plot

## Cast

## Soundtrack

The music was composed by G. Devarajan and the lyrics were written by Vayalar Ramavarma.

| Song | Singers |
| --- | --- |
| "Choodaarathnam" | P. Madhuri |
| "Maahendraneela" | P. Madhuri |
| "Mukham Manassinte Kannaadi" | K. J. Yesudas |
| "Neelaambarame" | P. Madhuri |
| "Njan Ninne Premikkunnu" | K. J. Yesudas |
| "Uthishtatha Jaagratha" | P. Madhuri, M. G. Radhakrishnan |

## InfoBox

| Sarasayya | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Thoppil Bhasi |
| Written by | Thoppil Bhasi |
| Produced by | P. V. Sathyam |
| Starring | Sathyan
Madhu
Sheela
Jayabharathi |
| Cinematography | V. Namas |
| Edited by | K. Narayanan |
| Music by | G. Devarajan |
| Production
company | Azeem Company |
| Release date | * 2 July 1971 (1971-07-02) |
| Country | India |
| Language | Malayalam |