title: Pandora Clifford

abstract: Pandora Clifford is an English actress who has appeared in various roles on stage and screen including Agatha Christie's Poirot, Wallander, Taggart and New Tricks Born in 1972 in London, brought up near Edinburgh, she read classics at Bristol University before training at LAMDA. She wrote for the Art Sales Page of The Daily Telegraph. She is the daughter of Sir Timothy Clifford, former Director of the National Galleries of Scotland and Jane Clifford, previously the Principal Designer for Laura Ashley and Zoffany.

text:
# Pandora Clifford

**Pandora Clifford** (born 13 December 1972) is an English actress who has appeared in various roles on stage and screen including *Agatha Christie's Poirot*, *Wallander*, *Taggart* and *New Tricks*

Born in 1972 in London, brought up near Edinburgh, she read classics at Bristol University before training at LAMDA. She wrote for the Art Sales Page of *The Daily Telegraph*. She is the daughter of Sir Timothy Clifford, former Director of the National Galleries of Scotland and Jane Clifford (née Paterson), previously the Principal Designer for Laura Ashley and Zoffany.

## Family

Pandora Jane Rosamund Clifford married Philip Mark Ivo Curwen (Ivo) in Scotland on 14 July 2001 but the marriage was void. A London marriage took place later that year.

## Career

Clifford played Lady Emily Palmerston in series 3 of the PBS/ITV series *Victoria* as the wife of Lord Henry Palmerston (Laurence Fox). She appeared on stage with Marcus Brigstocke in *The Railway Children*.

She has been seen on television as Vivienne Baxter in the BBC's *New Tricks* with Amanda Redman, Alun Armstrong, James Bolam and Anna Calder Marshall, and previously as Elizabeth Carlen in the BBC's *Wallander* with Kenneth Branagh, which won Best Drama BAFTA 2009; and on film as HRH The Duchess of Kent in *Telstar*, starring Kevin Spacey and Con O'Neill.

## Filmography

### Film

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1997 | *Superwoman* | Emma | Short film |
| 2001 | *Two Days, Nine Lives* | Annabelle |  |
| 2008 | *Telstar: The Joe Meek Story* | Her Royal Highness |  |
| 2013 | *I Hate You Justin Bieber* | Rachael | Short film |
| 2019 | *Rupert, Rupert & Rupert* | Tamsin Hollonby |  |
| 2024 | *Blackwater Lane* | Susie |  |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1988 | *The Play on One* | Horsewoman | Episode: "The Dunroamin' Rising" |
| 1996 | *Scene* | Forester | Episode: "Forest People" |
| 1999 | *The Bill* | Geraldine Hobart | Episode: "Sleeping with the Enemy" |
| 2000 | *Chambers* | Barrister | Episode: "Phantom Barrister" |
| 2001 | *Agatha Christie's Poirot* | Sheila Maitland | Episode: "Murder in Mesopotamia" |
| 2003 | *Family* | Jenny MacLeod | Recurring role; 2 episodes |
| 2004 | *Family Affairs* | TV Reporter | Guest role; 1 episode |
| 2007 | *Taggart* | Penny Forsyth | Episode: "Users and Losers" |
| 2008 | *Wallander* | Elizabeth Carlen | Episode: "Sidetracked" |
| 2011 | *New Tricks* | Vivienne Baxter | Episode: "Object of Desire" |
| 2012 | *EastEnders* | Dr. Antonia Moyles | Guest role; 1 episode |
| 2013 | *Doctors* | Dr. Jennifer Barber | Episode: "Monster" |
| | *Casualty* | Eleanor Brown | Episode: "Once There Was a Way Home" |
| | *Midsomer Murders* | Juliet Tilman | Episode: "Death and the Divas" |
| | *Dracula* | Lady Hope Dawson | Episode: "The Blood Is the Life" |
| 2015 | *Doctors* | Sophia Huppert | Episode: "Shambles" |
| | *Casualty* | Anya Braithwaite | Episode: "Forsaking All Others" |
| | *Asylum* | Mimi Kempton-Stewart | Episode: "Public Relations" |
| 2017 | *Fearless* | Nicola Osborne | Miniseries; 2 episodes |
| 2018 | *Press* | Anya Fyles | Episode: "Don't Take My Heart, Don't Break My Heart" |
| 2019 | *Doctors* | Professor Tania van der Voort | Episode: "Samuel Page" |
| | *Victoria* | Emily Palmerston | Recurring role; 2 episodes |
| 2021 | *Hitmen* | Nat | Episode: "Reunion" |
| 2022 | *Doctors* | Steph Ashdown | Recurring role; 5 episodes |
|

## Stage includes

* *The Railway Children*... Mother (dir Damian Cruden, Waterloo Station Theatre, London)
* *Private Lives*... Amanda (dir Nick Green, Oxford Shakespeare Company, Oxford)
* *W for Banker*... Louise (dir Ray Kilby, New End Theatre, Hampstead, London)
* *The Ones That Flutter*... Rachel Brooks (dir Abbey Wright, Theatre 503, London)
* *Romeo and Juliet*... Lady Capulet (dir Polly Findlay, Battersea Arts Centre, London)
* *The Good Woman of Nohant*... Solange (dir Chris McCullough, Royal National Theatre rehearsed reading)
* *Noises Off*... Brooke Ashton (dir Jeremy Sams, Comedy Theatre, West End, London)
* *The Ecstatic Bible*... 15 year-old Boy (dir Howard Barker, Adelaide Festival)
* *Ride Down Mt Morgan*... Bessie (dir David Taylor, Derby Playhouse)
* *Frankenstein*... Elizabeth (dir Damien Cruden, York Theatre Royal)
* *Look Back in Anger*... Alison (David Lightbody, tour of Scotland, Stray Theatre Company)

## Radio

* *Separate Tables*... Jean Stratton (BBC Radio 4)
* *Britannia's Wives*... 1930's Diplomat's Wife (BBC Radio 4)

## InfoBox

| Pandora Clifford | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Pandora Jane Clifford
(1972-12-13) 13 December 1972
Hammersmith, London, England |
| Alma mater | London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art |
| Occupation | Actress |
| Father | Timothy Clifford |


title: Ontario Highway 85

abstract: King's Highway 85, commonly referred to as Highway 85, is a provincially maintained highway in the Canadian province of Ontario, connecting Highway 7 to immediately north of the Waterloo city limits. The 10-kilometre (6.2 mi) highway, which is mostly controlled-access, travels through the Regional Municipality of Waterloo along the Conestoga Parkway from its interchange with Highway 7, which continues south along the parkway, to an interchange with Regional Road 15, where it continues as Regional Road 85 to St. Jacobs. Prior to completion of the Conestoga Parkway through Waterloo, Highway 85 followed King Street north of Ottawa Street through Kitchener and Waterloo. Within the City of Waterloo, this former alignment is now maintained by the region as Regional Road 15. Within the city of Kitchener, the road is simply known as King Street. The parkway was constructed between 1968 and 1977. By 1980, Highway 85 was renumbered as Highway 86, to improve the continuity of provincial route numbers. However, when the majority of Highway 86 was decommissioned in 1998, the remaining portion was soon renumbered as Highway 85 in 2003.

text:
# Ontario Highway 85

| Highway 86 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Length | 128.8 km (80.0 mi) |
| Existed | 1937–2003 |

**King's Highway 85**, commonly referred to as **Highway 85**, is a provincially maintained highway in the Canadian province of Ontario, connecting Highway 7 to immediately north of the Waterloo city limits. The 10-kilometre (6.2 mi) highway, which is mostly controlled-access, travels through the Regional Municipality of Waterloo along the Conestoga Parkway from its interchange with Highway 7, which continues south along the parkway, to an interchange with Regional Road 15 (King Street), where it continues as Regional Road 85 to St. Jacobs.

Prior to completion of the Conestoga Parkway through Waterloo, Highway 85 followed King Street north of Ottawa Street through Kitchener and Waterloo. Within the City of Waterloo, this former alignment is now maintained by the region as Regional Road 15. Within the city of Kitchener, the road is simply known as King Street. The parkway was constructed between 1968 and 1977. By 1980, Highway 85 was renumbered as **Highway 86**, to improve the continuity of provincial route numbers. However, when the majority of Highway 86 was decommissioned in 1998, the remaining portion was soon renumbered as Highway 85 in 2003.

## Route description

Highway 85 begins in Kitchener at an interchange between the Conestoga Parkway and Victoria Street. At that interchange, Highway 7 exits the parkway, which from there northward on is Highway 85, and travels east on Victoria Street towards Guelph. The divided freeway continues north, swerving left and right through suburban Kitchener. It first crosses under a Via Rail line and then under Wellington Street, with which it has an interchange, after which it passes alongside the Grand River. As it enters the neighbourhood of Bridgeport, which it divides in two, the route curves west, interchanges with Lancaster Street and crosses into Waterloo.

The highway begins to curve north, interchanging with Bridgeport Road. The highway crosses the Conestoga Creek as it interchanges with University Avenue, then gradually curves to the west. After an interchange with King Street, once the original routing of Highway 85, the route curves back to the north and interchanges with Northfield Drive. As it approaches the rural–urban fringe of the tri-city area, the freeway interchanges with King Street a second time. Highway 85 ends at the north end of the ramps from King Street, as does the Conestoga Parkway. The divided freeway ends and the route become Waterloo Regional Road 85, which continues north to St. Jacobs and Elmira.

## History

Highway 85 was originally assumed by the Department of Highways (DHO), the predecessor to today's Ministry of Transportation of Ontario (MTO), during the mid-1930s. The existing KitchenerElmira Road was designated as Highway 85 on March 28, 1934. Initially, the route began at the intersection of Queen Street and King Street in downtown Kitchener, and proceeded north along King Street through Waterloo and St. Jacobs. North of St. Jacobs, the highway followed the same route as modern Waterloo Regional Road 85 to Elmira, ending at Church Street in downtown Elmira. Church Street itself would become Highway 86 several years later, on August 25, 1937, connecting Elmira and Amberley, and creating a short-lived common terminus between the two highways; Highway 86 was extended to Highway 7 near Guelph on April 13, 1938.

Highway 85 remained unchanged for several decades until the Conestoga Parkway was constructed during the late 1960s and early 1970s. Construction of the new expressway began in February 1966 near King Street in Kitchener; however, construction of the section that is now Highway 85 did not begin until September 1968, when a C$5 million contract for the section between Frederick Street and Bridgeport Road was awarded. Soon thereafter, a second contract for the section between Bridgeport Road and King Street in Waterloo was awarded.

On April 16, 1970, the Highway 85 designation was moved from King Street to the new Conestoga Parkway; King Street was consequently transferred to local jurisdiction. Towards the end of the 1970s, construction began on a northward extension of the Conestoga Parkway from King Street to Northfield Drive; this was completed by 1977. By then, construction was underway on a two lane bypass of St. Jacobs east of the original route, connecting with the Conestoga Parkway at Northfield Drive, then an at-grade intersection. By the end of 1977, this bypass was completed.

In 1975, the eastern section of Highway 86, from Elmira to Guelph, was decommissioned, truncating the eastern terminus of it to the western terminus of Highway 85. To provide a more direct routing between the two highways, a bypass of Elmira was constructed along what is now Listowel Road. By the end of 1979, Highway 86 was rerouted along this bypass, and the northern section of Highway 85 was decommissioned. In 1980 or 1981, Highway 85 was renumbered as Highway 86, eliminating the designation temporarily and creating one continuous highway between Kitchener and Amberley, on the shores of Lake Huron.

On November 30, 1990, the Northfield Drive interchange was fully opened to traffic, eliminating a traffic signal from the northern end of the Conestoga Parkway. The speed limit on the parkway was lowered from 100 km/h (62 mph) to 90 km/h (56 mph) on January 10, 1994 following numerous cross-median collisions. In 1998, during the mass downloading of provincial highways to lower levels of government, the majority of Highway 86, from the Northfield Drive interchange to Amberley, was decommissioned. The Regional Municipality of Waterloo subsequently designated the section north from Waterloo to Elmira as Regional Road 85. Consequently, the remaining section of Highway 86, which exclusively followed the Conestoga Parkway, was renumbered as Highway 85 during the spring of 2003 to align the numbers and aid navigation.

## Major intersections

The following table lists the major junctions along Highway 85, as noted by the Ministry of Transportation of Ontario.

| Division | Location | km | mi | Destinations | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Waterloo | Kitchener | 0.0 | 0.0 | Highway 7 west (Conestoga Parkway)  ---  Highway 7 east / Regional Road 55 (Victoria Street) – Guelph | Highway 85 southern terminus; former Highway 86 southern terminus (1980-2003); Highway 85 follows Conestoga Parkway |
| | | 0.4 | 0.25 | Wellington Street | Future realignment of Highway 7 as part of the proposed Kitchener–Guelph freeway |
| | | 2.0 | 1.2 | Regional Road 29 (Lancaster Street) | Southbound exit to Regional Road 29 south; northbound entrance from Regional Road 29 north |
| | Waterloo | 2.7 | 1.7 | Regional Road 9 (Bridgeport Road) |  |
| | 4.2 | 2.6 | Regional Road 57 (University Avenue) |  |
| | 6.7 | 4.2 | Regional Road 15 (King Street) |  |
| | 7.9 | 4.9 | Regional Road 50 (Northfield Drive) |  |
| | Woolwich | 9.4 | 5.8 | Regional Road 15 (King Street) |  |
| | 9.8 | 6.1 | Highway 85 ends
Waterloo Regional Road 85 begins | Highway 85 northern terminus; former Highway 86 northern terminus (1998-2003); continues as Waterloo Regional Road 85 |
| | 13.0 | 8.1 | Regional Road 17 (Sawmill Road) – St. Jacobs, Conestogo |  |
| | 17.0 | 10.6 | Regional Road 21 north (Arthur Street) – Elmira |  |
| WaterlooWellington boundary | WoolwichWellesleyMapleton boundary | 22.0 | 13.7 | Waterloo Regional Road 85 ends  ---  Waterloo Regional Road 86 / Wellington County Road 86 | Former Highway 85 northern terminus; former Highway 86 eastern terminus (1975-1980) |
| | WellesleyMapleton boundary | 29.8 | 18.5 | Waterloo Regional Road 5 south – Linwood
Wellington County Road 12 north – Arthur |  |
| WaterlooPerthWellington boundary | WellesleyPerth EastMapleton boundary | 35.3 | 21.9 | Wellington County Road 11 north  ---  Waterloo Regional Road 86 ends
Perth County Line 86 begins | Dorking; western end of Wellington County Road 86 / Waterloo Regional Road 86 concurrency; eastern end of Wellington County Road 86 / Perth County Line 86 concurrency |
| PerthWellington boundary | Perth EastMapleton boundary | 42.7 | 26.5 | Perth County Road 131 south – Milverton | Formerly Highway 19 south |
| | Perth EastMapletonNorth Perth boundary | 46.4 | 28.8 | Wellington County Road 9 north / Perth County Road 140 north  ---  Wellington County Road 86 ends | Western end of Wellington County Road 86 / Perth County Line 86 concurrency |
| Perth | North Perth
(Listowel) | 53.8 | 33.4 | Highway 23 north (Wallace Avenue) | Former eastern end of Highway 23 concurrency |
| | | 54.9 | 34.1 | Highway 23 south (Mitchell Road) | Former western end of Highway 23 concurrency |
| PerthHuron boundary | North PerthHuron East boundary | 61.0 | 37.9 | Road 172  ---  Huron County Road 86 begins | Eastern end of Perth County Line 86 / Huron County Road 86 concurrency |
| | North PerthHuron EastHowick boundary | 67.1 | 41.7 | Perth County Road 178 north / Huron County Road 34 north  ---  Perth County Line 86 ends | Western end of Perth County Line 86 / Huron County Road 86 concurrency |
| Huron | Morris-Turnberry | 81.5 | 50.6 | County Road 87 east (Harriston Road) | Bluevale; formerly Highway 87 east |
| | North HuronMorris-Turnberry boundary | 88.0 | 54.7 | County Road 4 (London Road / Josephine Street) | Wingham; formerly Highway 4 |
| HuronBruce boundary | Morris-TurnberryHuron-Kinloss boundary | 94.5 | 58.7 | Bruce County Road 86 begins | Eastern end of Huron County Road 86 / Bruce County Road 86 concurrency |
| | Ashfield–Colborne–WawanoshHuron-Kinloss boundary | 128.8 | 80.0 | Highway 21Goderich, Kincardine  ---  Huron County Road 86 ends / Bruce County Road 86 ends | Amberley; former Highway 86 western terminus |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
 | | | | | |

Template:Attached KML/Ontario Highway 85KML is from Wikidata

## InfoBox

| Highway 85 | |
| --- | --- |
| Highway 85 highlighted in red | |
| Route information | |
| Maintained by the Ministry of Transportation of Ontario | |
| Length | 9.8 km (6.1 mi) |
| Existed | March 28, 1934–present |
| Major junctions | |
| South end | Highway 7 (Victoria Street) in Kitchener |
| North end | Regional Road 15 (King Street) in Woolwich Township
Regional Road 85 continues north |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | Ontario |
|  | |
| Highway system | |
|  | |
| Highway 77   Highway 89 | |
| Former provincial highways  Highway 84  Highway 87 | |


title: Liberal rebellions of 1842

abstract: The Liberal Rebellions of 1842 were a series of rebellions that took place in the Brazilian provinces of Minas Gerais and São Paulo in response to actions taken by emperor Dom Pedro II to unify power under the central government and limit the powers of the provinces. These rebellions were poorly coordinated and were put down by the central government to little effect. Along with the rebellions in Rio Grande do Sul, the Liberal Rebellions marked the end of a series of province-level rebellions that threatened the Empire of Brazil's stability.

text:
# Liberal rebellions of 1842

The **Liberal Rebellions of 1842** were a series of rebellions that took place in the Brazilian provinces of Minas Gerais and São Paulo in response to actions taken by emperor Dom Pedro II to unify power under the central government and limit the powers of the provinces. These rebellions were poorly coordinated and were put down by the central government to little effect. Along with the rebellions in Rio Grande do Sul, the Liberal Rebellions marked the end of a series of province-level rebellions that threatened the Empire of Brazil's stability.

## Background

These rebellions occurred at the height of a long period instability between 1831 and 1840 when the Empire of Brazil was ruled by a regency. The regency was due to Dom Pedro I's decision to abdicate the throne because of the dissolving relations between the Emperor and the assembly, a failed war with Argentina, and a mounting constitutional crisis. Pedro I's decision to abdicate left his five-year-old son Pedro II in charge, requiring the establishment of the regency. In order to avoid mass secession by the individual provinces in Brazil, the regency undertook a massive decentralization process that saw the central government giving more powers to the then provinces of Brazil. However, the provinces seized these new powers and began to rebel. In an effort to prevent the collapse of the Empire of Brazil, the regents handed over power to the 14 year old Pedro II who began to recentralize power in the Empire. Furthermore, the end of the old regency created new powers to Pedro II, for instance the ability to dissolve the Chamber of Deputies and remove and appoint cabinet ministers, powers that gave him more unquestioned authority.

After assuming the throne, Pedro II enacted two laws that undid much of the decentralizing efforts taken by the regency and allowed the central government to assume much more control. The first law reversed the decentralization of the police and gave the power to control them back to the central government, and the second law centralized the justice system. Immediately following the enactment of these laws, Pedro II and the cabinet appointed loyalists as political agents, chiefs of police and judges in the provinces that would soon rebel. These initial actions paired with other centralization efforts deprived the provinces and cities of much of the power and authority they previously had. Since these actions were taken by the conservative government, liberals in the more powerful provinces began to speak of rebellion. The change from the regency to Pedro II's rule represented a change from liberal rule to conservative rule, which also contributed to unrest amongst the liberal elite in São Paulo, Minas Gerais, and Rio de Janeiro.

## Causes

Unrest in the provinces of Maranhão (Balaiada) and Rio Grande do Sul (Ragamuffin War) had not been fully resolved, when, in 1840, the young emperor Pedro II assumed the throne. Francisco de Lima's Liberal Party had pushed through the premature declaration of the Emperor's majority on 23 July 1840.

The Ministry, dominated by conservatives since March 23 of 1841, adopted centralizing measures which resulted in intense agitation from Liberals. These measures reflected the fears among the elites about the potential social dangers that accompanied unrestrained social liberty and what that could cause for the power of the Emperor. The members of the Ministry also feared that Dom Pedro II's efforts would have a negative effect on the economic interests of the larger states. However, there was dissent stirring, for in May 1842 the Liberals would take over the House. In an attempt to minimize the influence of the Liberals in São Paulo, the emperor dismissed Tobias de Aguiar and, after the short tenure of Melo Alvim, appointed José da Costa Carvalho to replace Manuel Marques, since Manuel Marques de Sousa, Count of Porto Alegre was a rich farmer who interacted with the Reactionaries. Pedro also dissolved the Chamber of Deputies, which at that time was dominated by liberals. Pedro's actions were encouraged by members of his cabinet who belonged to the more conservative Party of Order.

The actions taken by the central government to prevent the return to power of the liberals led to rebellion. In May 1842, liberals rebelled in the provinces of Minas Gerais and São Paulo in retaliation for the Emperor's decision — on the advice of a Council of State dominated by reactionaries — to call for new elections, annulling the previous election alleged to have been tainted by widespread fraud by the Liberal Party.

Liberal elites in Minas Gerais, São Paulo, and Rio de Janeiro appointed new provincial presidents and began military resistance. They had expected much more control in Pedro II's new government due to their appointment of many supporters in the Chamber of Deputies. However, they failed to anticipate Pedro II's ability to dissolve the chamber of deputies, which he did, rendering their influence useless. As a result, liberals in Minas Gerais and São Paulo rose up in a spontaneous and armed rebellion, convinced that simply showing armed resistance would be enough to secure their demands.

## The revolt in São Paulo

The revolt in São Paulo began on May 17, 1842. This revolt was one of the major events of the liberal rebellions of 1842. The rebellion had two causes: one, it comprised a reaction to the overall shift towards conservatism in the government that Dom Pedro II was leading. Two, and more specific to the state of São Paulo, it was a reaction to new laws that modified and regulated the criminal code, and the newly instituted forced adjournment of the House of Deputies. Furthermore, the government of Dom Pedro II had recently banned the trading of horse and mules with the Southern province of Rio Grande do Sul due to rebel activity in that province. This represented a realization of the liberal elites' fears that the centralization of the new government would damage economic interests, as horse and mule training was an important economic activity in São Paulo; thus, rebellion broke out in Sorocaba, a town closely linked to this trade.

The rebellion established a new leadership to challenge the established leadership in São Paulo. Rafael Tobias de Aguiar, one of the wealthiest merchants in Brazil and a powerful nativist leader, was sworn to "defend the Emperor and the Constitution until the last drop of his blood." He named military commanders, dispatched emissaries, suspended the "law reform" and declared null and void the acts performed under it.

Under his military command, he established the Liberating Column, with some 1,500 men, to march to São Paulo where they would overthrow the President of the Province, José da Costa Carvalho. Sorocaba was declared the provisional capital of the province, and was joined by several inland villages such as Itu, Itapeva, Porto Feliz, Itapetininga and Capivari. However, the rebel forces were quickly opposed by the Rio de Janeiro National Guard and the army.

The president (governor) of the province of Rio de Janeiro, Honório Hermeto, commanded the provincial National Guard, and traveled through the province to organize a response.

He joined forces in Ouro Preto with Luís Alves de Lima e Silva (then-Baron and later Duke of Caxias), who commanded the National Guard of São Paulo and Minas Gerais. Dom Pedro II put Lima e Silva in charge of ending the rebellions in São Paulo because of his status as an effective and heroic military commander and because of his work in 1840 to quell a rebellion taking place in Maranhão which he ended with a decisive victory. The rebel capital of Sorocaba fell to the forces of Hermeto and Silva on June 20 of the same year. On 1 July, he advanced with troops towards Ouro Preto, where, after defeating the rebels, he freed his father and uncle, who the rebels had held captive.

The defeated leaders of the rebellion were captured and then deported to the province of Espírito Santo while their followers and general rebels were pushed into service in the Emperor's army. Response to the defeat of the Emperor's armies was limited. While some bishops attempted religious ceremonies to celebrate their victory, Luís Alves de Lima e Silva, the leader of the victors, argued that the dead should be remembered, but a victory over other Brazilians was not worth celebrating.

## The revolt in Minas Gerais

In the Province of Minas Gerais, the revolt broke out June 10, 1842 in Barbacena, which was chosen to host the revolutionary government. José Feliciano Pinto Coelho da Cunha was named as interim president of the Province. On July 4 in Queluz (now Conselheiro Lafaiete), legal forces were beaten by the insurgents commanded by Col. Antonio Nunes Galvão. The rebels received new volunteers, especially from Santa Luzia, Santa Quiteria, Santa Bárbara, Itabira, Caeté and Sabará.

Luís Alves de Lima e Silva, commander of the army, employed the same strategy used in São Paulo, taking the capital as quickly as possible, on August 6, 1842. He was able to narrowly defeat the rebels in August.

The rebels come out winners in Lagoa Santa, under the leadership of Teófilo Ottoni. However Lima e Silva reunited his forces and attacked Santa Luzia, ending the insurgency in the province. The Liberals became known as "luzias" due to the Battle of Santa Luzia.

The defeated, among which were Teófilo Ottoni and Camilo Maria Ferreira Armond (count of Prados), were sent to prison in Ouro Preto and Barbacena.

This rebellion was poorly coordinated with the one that took place São Paulo, as only rebels in Barbacena rebelled, and even the rebels in this city demonstrated a lack of fighting spirit and an uncertainty over the desired outcome which likely contributed to their lack of success.

## End of the Revolt of 1842

The remaining rebels were easily defeated, and by late August, the uprisings had been quelled. Among the rebel leaders was the former regent, Diogo Antônio Feijó, who was arrested. He died shortly afterwards in 1843. As Honório Hermeto returned from Minas Gerais to Rio de Janeiro, he was welcomed with celebrations and demonstrations of joy by the authorities and populace of the districts he traversed.

Much of the failure of the rebellion can be attributed to the lack of coordination among the rebels, their trepidation about disrupting the social order, and their unwillingness to work together in a meaningful way. These shortcomings contributed to a general indecisiveness and hesitation when the rebellions broke out. Another key reason the rebellions were so unsuccessful was that the leaders of the rebellion ascribed to political philosophy that saw rebellion as a symbolic measure to defend the status quo, and not to change it. Therefore, the rebellion was not intended to use military means to overthrow the government or to allow the provinces to secede but to show their displeasure with the actions of the government. They did not intend to overthrow Pedro II as they made clear when they initiated rebellion, but to use rebellion as a way to reassert their rights in government, not change it. Ultimately, the rebels framed rebellion as a means to protect Dom Pedro II by forcing the resignation of the Cabinet Members and overturning of bad policies. This stance likely led to the muted response from the emperor and his cabinet. However, since the idealistic stance that the rebels took clashed with the nature of rebellion and because the rebels were unable to fight a civil war or sustain military action, they resorted to abandoning their principles and fleeing. Therefore, the rebellion was easily squashed. The end of the Liberal Rebellions also marked a significant step in the consolidation of government power in Brazil, moving from a less-centralized system to a full nation state that prioritized the national interest over the local interests. In the international system, Brazil was able to present itself as a nation state.

1. Barman, Roderick J. (1999). *Citizen emperor: Pedro II and the making of Brazil, 1825-91*. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press. ISBN 9780804735100. OCLC 41621323.
2. O'Rourke, Shane (2016). *In Encyclopedia of Empire*. Wiley.
3. Barman, Roderick J. (1988). Brazil: The Forging of a Nation, 1798–1852. p. 209
4. Bieber, Judy (2000). "When Liberalism Goes Local: Nativism and Partisan Identity in the Sertão Mineiro, Brazil, 1831-1850". *Luso-Brazilian Review*. **37** (2): 75–93. JSTOR 3514168.
5. Needell, Jeffrey D. (2006). The Party of Order: the Conservatives, the State, and Slavery in the Brazilian Monarchy, 1831–1871. p.102
6. Barman, Roderick J. (1988). Brazil: The Forging of a Nation, 1798–1852. p. 215
7. Brown, Rose (1945). *American emperor,Dom Pedro II of Brazil*. New York. hdl:2027/mdp.39015049860078.
8. Gouveia, Maurílio de (1962). Marquês do Paraná: um varão do Império. p.95
9. L., Scheina, Robert (2003). *Latin America's Wars, Volume I : the Age of the Caudillo, 1791-1899*. Dulles: Potomac Books Inc. ISBN 9781597974776. OCLC 784885672.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
10. Gouveia, Maurílio de (1962). Marquês do Paraná: um varão do Império. p.111
11. Barman, Roderick J. (1999). Citizen Emperor: Pedro II and the Making of Brazil, 1825–1891. p. 215
12. Gouveia, Maurílio de (1962). Marquês do Paraná: um varão do Império. p.119
13. Barman, Roderick J. (1988). *Brazil: The Forging of a Nation, 1798-1852*. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press. ISBN 9780804714372. OCLC 17877921.
14. Barman, Roderick J. (1988). *Brazil: The Forging of a Nation, 1798-1852*. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press. ISBN 9780804714372. OCLC 17877921.
15. Barman, Roderick J. (1988). *Brazil: The Forging of a Nation, 1798-1852*. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press. p. 216. ISBN 9780804714372. OCLC 17877921.

## Bibliography

* MARINHO, José Antônio. *História do Movimento Político (...) de Minas Gerais.* Rio de Janeiro: 1844.
* O combate de Venda Grande
* História da Polícia Militar do Districto Federal - Vol I (1809-1889) editora da Polícia Militar, Rio de Janeiro, 1925
* Ribeiro, João. Historia do Brasil:1901
* Barman, Roderick J. (1999). *Citizen Emperor: Pedro II and the Making of Brazil, 1825–1891*. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-3510-0.
* Needell, Jeffrey D. (2006). *The Party of Order: the Conservatives, the State, and Slavery in the Brazilian Monarchy, 1831–1871*. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-5369-2.

## InfoBox

| Liberal Rebellions of 1842 | |
| --- | --- |
| <br>View of the village of Lagoa Santa during the revolution of 1842 | |
| Date May 1842 – August 1842  Location Minas Gerais and São Paulo  Result  Central government victory | |
| Belligerents | |
| Empire of Brazil | Rebels |
| Commanders and leaders | |
| Lima e Silva |  |


title: True Life

abstract: True Life is an American documentary television series that aired on MTV from March 31, 1998 to June 21, 2017. Each episode follows a particular topic, such as heroin addiction as in the first episode – "Fatal Dose". The show is created by following a series of subjects by a camera crew through a certain part of their lives. A four-episode revival series titled True Life/Now aired in 2019 and a crime investigation iteration called True Life Crime premiered in 2020. A TV special titled True Life Presents: First-Time First Responders premiered on June 9, 2020. A four-part docu-series titled True Life Presents: Quarantine Stories premiered on August 5, 2020.

text:
# True Life

***True Life*** is an American documentary television series that aired on MTV from March 31, 1998 to June 21, 2017. Each episode follows a particular topic, such as heroin addiction as in the first episode – "Fatal Dose". The show is created by following a series of subjects by a camera crew through a certain part of their lives. A four-episode revival series titled ***True Life/Now*** aired in 2019 and a crime investigation iteration called *True Life Crime* premiered in 2020.

A TV special titled *True Life Presents: First-Time First Responders* premiered on June 9, 2020.

A four-part docu-series titled *True Life Presents: Quarantine Stories* premiered on August 5, 2020.

## Topics covered

*True Life* has covered over 140 topics from drug use, money issues, and sexual topics to simple social behavior like visiting the Jersey Shore. The show has aired 18 seasons and 328 episodes so far. There is an occasional intersection between this show and other shows. For example, the episode "I'm a Reality TV Star" featured people from *The Real World* and *Survivor*, while the episodes "I'm a Muay Thai Fighter" and "I'm a Mixed Martial Artist" both featured Kit Cope, who has recently signed a deal with the WFA and Frankie Edgar, who was the UFC Lightweight Champion. In the episode "I'm Bisexual," Sydney goes on a date with A.D. from *From G's to Gents*. In 2011, Sydney was featured in season 6 of Oxygen's *Bad Girls Club*. Lazar, who was in the episode "I'm in A Love Triangle", was in a 2007 episode of *Parental Control*.

## Awards and nominations

* Won 2009 Emmy Award for Best Special Class Series.
* Won 2000 Image Award for Outstanding News, Talk, or Information Special (For episode "I Am Driving While Black".)
* Won 2005 GLAAD ashleeMedia Award for Outstanding Documentary (For episode "I'm Gay and I'm Getting Married". Accepted by Aaron Pike and Stephen Schonberg)
* True Life: I'm on Crystal Meth Won 2007 Prism Award for TV Teen Series Episode or Special (awarded to Cheryl Horner Sirulnick.)
* Nominated 2000 GLAAD Media Award for Outstanding TV Journalism (For the segment "Matthew's Murder".)
* Nominated 2003 GLAAD Media Award for Outstanding Documentary (For episode "I'm Coming Out.")
* Nominated 2016 GLAAD Media Award for Outstanding TV Journalism - Newsmagazine (For episode "I'm Genderqueer" featuring Jacob Tobia.)

## InfoBox

| *True Life* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Genre | Documentary |
| Narrated by | Su-chin Pak |
| Opening theme | "The Gift" |
| Country of origin | United States |
| Original language | English |
| No. of seasons | 21 |
| No. of episodes | 369 (list of episodes) |
| Production | |
| Executive producers | * Betsy Forhan * Lauren Lazin * Dave Sirulnick * Jim Fraenkel * Marshall Eisen |
| Running time | 42 minutes |
| Original release | |
| Network | MTV |
| Release | March 31, 1998 (1998-03-31) <br>June 21, 2017 (2017-06-21) |
| Related | |
| * *True Life/Now* * *True Life Crime* * *True Life Presents: First-Time First Responders* * *True Life Presents: Quarantine Stories* | |


title: Paul M. DePalo

abstract: Paul M. DePalo is a member of the Massachusetts Governor's Council, representing District 7 since winning election in November 2020 and taking office January 2021. A member of the Democratic Party, DePalo has also served on the Massachusetts Democratic State Committee since 2021. DePalo is an attorney at the employee-side employment and labor law firm Duddy Goodwin Pollard.

text:
# Paul M. DePalo

**Paul M. DePalo** is a member of the Massachusetts Governor's Council, representing District 7 since winning election in November 2020 and taking office January 2021. A member of the Democratic Party, DePalo has also served on the Massachusetts Democratic State Committee since 2021. DePalo is an attorney at the employee-side employment and labor law firm Duddy Goodwin Pollard.

## Early life and education

DePalo grew up in Shrewsbury, Massachusetts. His mother was a public school teacher in Shrewsbury and his father, Maurice "Moe" DePalo, was a 10-term Selectman in Shrewsbury.

After graduating from Shrewsbury High School in Shrewsbury, Massachusetts, DePalo attended Wesleyan University in Middletown, Connecticut graduating with a BA in English in 2001. DePalo earned his Juris Doctor at Northeastern University School of Law in 2005, and Masters of Education from Fitchburg State University in 2016.

## Teaching career

After working as a litigation associate at Boston firm Campbell Campbell Edwards Conroy, DePalo left the practice of law for eight years to teach high school. First, he taught English and American Studies at his alma mater Shrewsbury High School in Shrewsbury, MA. He also taught in public schools in Uxbridge, MA and Maynard, MA as well as spending a year as a principal resident in Boston Public Schools. His final teaching position was as a Humanities and Special Education teacher at a therapeutic public high school for students dealing with social and emotional disabilities. DePalo remains licensed in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts as a Superintendent, Principal, English teacher, and Teacher of Students with Moderate Disabilities.

## Elections

DePalo's first elected office was as Town Meeting Member in Shrewsbury, where he was eventually elected from 3 different precincts in 2007, 2008, and 2009.

### 2018 General Election Massachusetts Governor's Council District 7

In 2017, DePalo announced that he would challenge 4-term incumbent Governor's Councillor Jennie Caissie, a Tea-Party Republican in the 2018 election. DePalo ran on a platform of juvenile justice (stressing the need for a trauma-informed system), addressing racial disparities in charging and sentencing, diversifying the judiciary, and restoring civility on the Council. Ultimately DePalo lost, earning 47.5% of the vote.

### 2020 Democratic Primary Election Massachusetts Governor's Council District 7

In 2020, DePalo again ran for the Democratic nomination for the District 7 Council seat. This time, he attracted a challenger, Padraic Rafferty, a lawyer from Worcester. DePalo eventually won, winning 64 of 65 towns in District 7. The election was notable in that a Super PAC connected with then-Governor Charlie Baker spent more money against DePalo than in any other primary election that year.

### 2022 General Election Massachusetts Governor's Council District 7

DePalo won re-election to his second term on the Council by defeating a Republican challenger in the November 2022 general election.


title: Local loop

abstract: In telephony, the local loop is the physical link or circuit that connects from the demarcation point of the customer premises to the edge of the common carrier or telecommunications service provider's network. At the edge of the carrier access network in a traditional public telephone network, the local loop terminates in a circuit switch housed in an incumbent local exchange carrier or telephone exchange.

text:
# Local loop

In telephony, the **local loop** (also referred to as the **local tail**, **subscriber line**, or in the aggregate as the last mile) is the physical link or circuit that connects from the demarcation point of the customer premises to the edge of the common carrier or telecommunications service provider's network.

At the edge of the carrier access network in a traditional public telephone network, the local loop terminates in a circuit switch housed in an incumbent local exchange carrier or telephone exchange.

## Infrastructure

Traditionally, the local loop was an electrical circuit in the form of a single pair of conductors from the telephone on the customer's premises to the local telephone exchange. Single-wire earth return lines had been used in some countries until the introduction of electric tramways from the 1900s made them unusable.

Historically the first section was often an aerial open-wire line, with several conductors attached to porcelain insulators on cross-arms on "telegraph" poles. Hence party line service was often given to residential customers to minimise the number of local loops required. Usually all these circuits went into aerial or buried cables with a twisted pair for each local loop nearer the exchange, see outside plant.

Modern implementations may include a digital loop carrier system segment or fiber optic transmission system. The local loop may terminate at a circuit switch owned by a competitive local exchange carrier and housed in a point of presence (POP), which typically is an incumbent local exchange carrier telephone exchange. A local loop supports voice and/or data communications applications in the following ways:

The term "local loop" is sometimes used for any "last mile" connection to the customer, regardless of technology or intended purpose. Local loop interrelations in this sense include:

* Electric power lines.
* Cable connections used with television, internet and telephone.
* Wireless signals or local loop (WLL): LMDS, WiMAX, GPRS, HSDPA, DECT
* Satellite connections for beamed signal.
* Optical or fiber optics services.


title: Lissa

abstract: Lissa may refer to:

text:
# Lissa

**Lissa** may refer to:

## Places

* the old Venetian name for the Adriatic island of Vis
* the German name for the town of Leszno in Poland
* the German name for the town of Lysá nad Labem in the Czech Republic
* a little town in Germany, in east from Halle (51.4975664N, 12.2737286E)
* Kreis Lissa, a Kreis (county) in the southern administrative district of Posen, in the Prussian province of Posen
* Lissa (Lycia), a town of ancient Lycia, now in Turkey

## People

## Fictional characters

## Other


title: Yelena Chernykh

abstract: Yelena Chernykh was a Russian theatre actress. She has been called "хрупкая красавица и вместе с тем необычайно выносливая актриса".

text:
# Yelena Chernykh

**Yelena Chernykh** (Cyrillic: Елена Черных) (August 24, 1979 – October 4, 2011) was a Russian theatre actress. She has been called "хрупкая красавица и вместе с тем необычайно выносливая актриса" (a fragile beauty and yet extraordinarily hardy actress).

## Death

The 32-year-old actress was killed in a car crash on 4 October 2011 in Novoanninsky, along with fellow actors, 59-year-old Aleksandr Yegorov and 52-year-old Valentina Yudina. Chernykh and Yegorov, who both died in the same collision, were considered favorite artists of the "Волгоградского музыкально-драматического казачьего театра" (Volgograd Music and Drama Theatre of the Cossack).

At the time her death, Yelena was married to Yegor Chernykh, with whom she had one daughter.

## Theater

Her better known theater works include

* *Эй, ты, здравствуй!* (*Hey, you, hello!*) by Г. Мамлина (G. Mamlina)
* *Андрей-Стрелок и Марья-Голубка* (*Andrew, Archer and Maria Dove*) by И. Токмаковой (I. Tokmakova)
* *Хуторяне* (*Hutoryane*) by А. Копкова (A. Kopkova)
* *Чубатые ребяты* (*Curly guys*) by Ю. Войтова (Yu Voitova)
* *От любви до ненависти* (*From love to hate*) by Н. Старицкого (N. Staritskogo)
* *Святочная история* (*Yule Story*) by Чарльза Диккенса (Charles Dickens)
* *Эшелон* (*Echelon*) by М.М. Рощина (MM Roshchin)
* *От сердца к сердцу* (*Heart to Heart*) by Ю. Войтова (Yu Voitova)
* *Моя граница — моя судьба* (*My border - my destiny*) by Ю. Войтова (Yu Voitova)
* *Кошкин дом* (*Cat House*) by С.Я. Маршака (SY Marshak).

## InfoBox

| Yelena Chernykh
Cyrillic: Елена Черных
(or Helen Black) | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Yelena Kolesnichenko
(1979-08-24)August 24, 1979
Volzhskoye, Russian SFSR, USSR |
| Died | October 4, 2011(2011-10-04) (aged 32)
Novoanninsky, Novoanninsky District, Volgograd Oblast, Russia |
| Occupation | Stage actress |
| Years active | 2001–2011 |
| Spouse(s) | Yegor Chernykh
(m? - 2011 (her death); 1 child |


title: Mary J. Hornaday

abstract: Mary Josephine Hornaday was an American journalist. She was vice president of the Overseas Press Club of America in 1952 and in 1965, while she was working for The Christian Science Monitor.

text:
# Mary J. Hornaday

**Mary Josephine Hornaday** (April 5, 1906 – April 20, 1982) was an American journalist. She was vice president of the Overseas Press Club of America in 1952 and in 1965, while she was working for *The Christian Science Monitor*.

## Early life and education

Hornaday was born in Washington, D.C., the daughter of James Parks Hornaday and Mary Gertrude Willis Hornaday. Her father was chief of the Washington bureau of the *Indianapolis News*; brothers Fred, James, and Hilton, and her uncle William, also worked in journalism. Her maternal uncle, Raymond E. Willis, was a United States senator from Indiana. She graduated from Swarthmore College in 1927.

## Career

Hornaday began as a reporter for the *Christian Science Monitor* in 1927, at the Washington bureau. In 1932 she interviewed First Lady Lou Henry Hoover about Girl Scouting. In 1936 she served as president of the Women's National Press Club. She knew Eleanor Roosevelt well, and chaired Roosevelt's press conferences at the White House. She went to London after World War II to cover postwar relief efforts. Hornaday reported from the magazine's West Coast bureau from 1946 to 1950. In 1952, and again in 1965, she was vice-president of the Overseas Press Club of America. In the 1950s and 1960s she covered the United Nations from the New York bureau.

## Selected publications

* "Cuban Prisoner Release Pushed" (1962)
* "American to Fly Aid to Cuban Needy" (1963)
* "Oswald's Mother Tells her Version" (1964)

## Personal life

Hornaday died in 1982, at the age of 76, in Riverdale, New York.

## InfoBox

| Mary J. Hornaday | |
| --- | --- |
| Mary J. Hornaday, from the 1927 yearbook of Swarthmore College | |
| Born | April 5, 1906
Washington, D.C., U.S. |
| Died | April 20, 1982 (age 76)
Riverdale, New York, U.S. |
| Occupation | Journalist |
| Relatives | Raymond E. Willis (uncle) |


title: Palacio del Marqués de Malpica

abstract: The Palacio del Marqués de Malpica is a building in the city of Toledo, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. It's located at the Plaza de Santa Clara and next to the monastery of the same name. It is of Renaissance style and belonged to the Marquis of Malpica y Valdepusa.

text:
# Palacio del Marqués de Malpica

The **Palacio del Marqués de Malpica** (Palace of the Marquis of Malpica) is a building in the city of Toledo, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. It's located at the Plaza de Santa Clara and next to the monastery of the same name. It is of Renaissance style and belonged to the Marquis of Malpica y Valdepusa.

## Description

The facade, although it has undergone transformations, conserves the tower-lookout, so usual in the typology of the Toledan house. The basements, of enormous dimensions, maintain their vaults. In the interior has a square courtyard, with four columns on each side and two floors, both of Ionic order, which are lintelled with *zapatas* and stone lintels.

The lower floor has the *zapatas* decorated with a pinkish tone, and the entablature alternates this decoration with the family's shields. The corner solution is made with a column that has the *zapata* bent towards both sides.

On the upper floor, the columns rest on rectangular pedestals, without which the balusters that formed the parapet can be seen. Architecturally we find the same reasons, changing only the decoration; the *zapatas* have insignia and where before we saw the familiar shields now appear the classic Alonso de Covarrubias' heads. The final cornice is formed by strong corbels, which alternate with four-leaf flowers.

To the left of the courtyard there is a large cloister staircase, which is not in direct contact with the courtyard, since it is surrounded by a *crujía* (architectural space between two load-bearing walls) that still retains, in some places, some columns holding a lintel, decorated with the same rosettes that of the courtyard, and a small stone cornice, in the upper part of the wall, that tells us how the size of the old *crujías* corresponds to the current one.

The courtyard of this building, although not documented, must have been built by Alonso de Covarrubias, due to the similarity with other works of him, and its execution can be dated towards the end-1530s.

In front of the tower-lookout has been enabled today the corresponding car parking of a ministerial institution, using the site of the former stables of the Marquis of Malpica, whose remains were demolished, around 1960.

## In art

This building appears in the drawing of Toledo of 1563 by Anton van den Wyngaerde naming the building with the name of Don Francisco de Ribera, then its owner. Also, fifty years later, El Greco in his *View and Plan of Toledo* shows this house-palace.

* This article is a work derived from the provision relating to the process of declaration or initiation of a cultural or natural heritage published in BOE No. 273 on November 12, 1996, text that is free of known restrictions of copyright in accordance to the provisions of article 13 of the Spanish Intellectual Property Law.

39°51′37″N 4°01′32″W / 39.8602°N 4.0256°W / 39.8602; -4.0256


title: Ontario Highway 802

abstract: Tertiary Highway 802, commonly referred to as Highway 802, is a provincially maintained tertiary road in the Canadian province of Ontario, located in Thunder Bay District. The 13.7-kilometre (8.5 mi) route branches both north and south from Highway 11 to connect with the community of Kashabowie and the ghost town of Burchell Lake, respectively. The highway was established in 1962 at the peak of operations of the Burchell Lake mine. Although the mine and town were subsequently abandoned in 1966, the highway remains under provincial jurisdiction. The section that travels concurrently with Highway 11 forms part of the Trans-Canada Highway.

text:
# Ontario Highway 802

**Tertiary Highway 802**, commonly referred to as **Highway 802**, is a provincially maintained tertiary road in the Canadian province of Ontario, located in Thunder Bay District. The 13.7-kilometre (8.5 mi) route branches both north and south from Highway 11 to connect with the community of Kashabowie and the ghost town of Burchell Lake, respectively. The highway was established in 1962 at the peak of operations of the Burchell Lake mine. Although the mine and town were subsequently abandoned in 1966, the highway remains under provincial jurisdiction. The section that travels concurrently with Highway 11 forms part of the Trans-Canada Highway.

## Route description

Highway 802 is a 13.7 km (8.5 mi) route that branches both north and south from Highway 11 approximately 100 km (60 mi) west of Thunder Bay. The north branch travels 1.0 km (0.62 mi) to the community of Kashabowie, ending at a crossing of the Canadian National Railway (CNR). The south branch begins 1.8 km (1.1 mi) to the west of the north branch, and travels 10.9 km (6.8 mi) to the ghost town of Burchell Lake, ending at a locked gate. Highway 11, which forms part of the Trans-Canada Highway, connects the two branches; it is listed as a concurrency with Highway 802. The north branch is also known as Kashabowie Road, while the south branch is known as Burchell Lake Road.

While the Ministry of Transportation is responsible for maintaining Highway 802, the Public Transportation and Highway Improvement Act stipulates that this "does not include the clearing or removal of snow therefrom or the application of chemicals or abrasives to the icy surfaces thereof." Furthermore, the Ministry is "not liable for any damage sustained... using a tertiary road." Traffic levels along the route are low, with approximately 40 vehicles travelling the north branch and 30 vehicles travelling the south branch on an average day in 2016. The speed limit along the north branch is 50 km/h (30 mph), while along the south branch it is 80 km/h (50 mph), as of 2022.

## History

Highway 802 follows a road that was originally built in 1901 to link the mineral exploration site at Burchell Lake with the train station at Kashabowie, along the newly-opened CNR (then the Canadian Northern Railway) tracks. The site, where copper was discovered by three prospectors in 1876, quickly grew following the opening of the new transportation link. Fluctuations in the price of copper would result in the closure of the Tip Top Mine following World War I. Interest in the site was renewed in the 1950s, and a town site constructed in 1956. The new mine began full operations extracting copper and gold in 1960, with Burchell Lake boasting a population of almost 400 at its peak.

The Department of Highways, predecessor to the modern Ministry of Transportation, having recently opened up Highway 11 to Atikokan, took over the access road to the mine and to Kashabowie on April 19, 1962, and designated on May 24. However, operations at the mine were short-lived, and it closed permanently on August 5, 1966. Despite this, the southern branch of the highway has remained under provincial jurisdiction.

## Major intersections

The following table lists the major junctions along Highway 802, as noted by the Ministry of Transportation of Ontario. The entire route is located in Thunder Bay District.

| Location | km | mi | Destinations | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Burchell Lake | 0.0 | 0.0 |  | Highway ends at fence blocking entrance to former mine and ghost town |
| Thunder Bay District | 10.9 | 6.8 | Highway 11 west – Rainy River, Fort Frances | Beginning of Highway 11 concurrency |
| | 12.7 | 7.9 | Highway 11 east – Thunder Bay | End of Highway 11 concurrency |
| Kashabowie | 13.7 | 8.5 |  | Highway ends at CN railway crossing |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi<br> | | | | | |

Template:Attached KML/Ontario Highway 802KML is not from Wikidata

## InfoBox

| Highway 802 | |
| --- | --- |
| Highway 802      Highway 11 concurrency | |
| Route information | |
| Maintained by Ministry of Transportation of Ontario | |
| Length | 13.7 km (8.5 mi) |
| Existed | April 19, 1962–present |
| Major junctions | |
| South end | Burchell Lake |
| Major intersections | Highway 11 |
| North end | Kashabowie railway crossing |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | Ontario |
| Districts | Thunder Bay |
| Municipalities | Unorganized Thunder Bay District |
| Villages | Kashabowie |
|  | |
| Highway system | |
|  | |
| Highway 673   Highway 804 | |
| Former provincial highways  Highway 801  Highway 803 | |


title: Licensed Trade Charity

abstract: The Licensed Trade Charity (LTC) is a registered charity in the United Kingdom that cares for people working in, or retired from, the licensed drink trade and their dependents. It is constituted as a registered charity under English law, and its headquarters are in Ascot, Berkshire. It was founded by a royal charter of 3 May 1836 as the Society of Licensed Victuallers and adopted the working name Licensed Trade Charity in 2004 following a merger with the Licensed Victuallers National Homes charity.

text:
# Licensed Trade Charity

The **Licensed Trade Charity** (**LTC**) is a registered charity in the United Kingdom that cares for people working in, or retired from, the licensed drink trade and their dependents.

It is constituted as a registered charity under English law, and its headquarters are in Ascot, Berkshire.

It was founded by a royal charter of 3 May 1836 as the **Society of Licensed Victuallers** and adopted the working name Licensed Trade Charity in 2004 following a merger with the **Licensed Victuallers National Homes** charity.

## Activities

Amongst the activities of the charity are the provision of financial assistance, convalescence care and retirement housing. It is a shareholder in the publisher of the *Morning Advertiser*, the journal of the licensed trade.

### Schools

The Licensed Trade Charity operates three schools which are also open to the general public: Licensed Victuallers' School near Ascot, Berkshire, an independent all-ability school for students from 4–18, as well as **LVS Hassocks** and **LVS Oxford**, both specialist schools for young people with learning difficulties.


title: Tsukumi Station

abstract: Tsukumi Station Tsukumi Station is a passenger railway station located in the city of Tsukumi, Ōita, Japan. It is operated by JR Kyushu.

text:
# Tsukumi Station

**Tsukumi Station** (津久見駅, *Tsukumi-eki*) is a passenger railway station located in the city of Tsukumi, Ōita, Japan. It is operated by JR Kyushu.

## Lines

The station is served by the Nippō Main Line and is located 178.9 km from the starting point of the line at Kokura.

## Layout

The station has an island platform serving two tracks at grade. A passing loop and a siding branch off track 2. The station building is a modern concrete *hashigami* structure where the passenger facilities such as the station concourse, a staffed ticket window and waiting area are located on level 2 on a bridge which spans the tracks. The bridge also leads to a second entrance on the south side of the tracks.

Management of the passenger facilities at the station has been outsourced to the JR Kyushu Tetsudou Eigyou Co., a wholly owned subsidiary of JR Kyushu specialising in station services. It staffs the ticket booth which is equipped with a *Midori no Madoguchi* facility.

### Platforms

| **1** | Nippō Main Line | for Saiki and Nobeoka |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **2** | Nippō Main Line | for Ōita and Kokura |

## History

The private Kyushu Railway had, by 1909, through acquisition and its own expansion, established a track from Kokura to Yanagigaura. The Kyushu Railway was nationalised on 1 July 1907. Japanese Government Railways (JGR), designated the track as the Hōshū Main Line on 12 October 1909 and expanded it southwards in phases, with Saiki opening as the new southern terminus on 25 October 1916. On the same day, Tsukumi was opened as an intermediate station on the new track. On 15 December 1923, the Hōshū Main Line was renamed the Nippō Main Line. With the privatization of Japanese National Railways (JNR), the successor of JGR, on 1 April 1987, the station came under the control of JR Kyushu.

## Passenger statistics

In fiscal 2016, the station was used by an average of 878 passengers daily (boarding passengers only), and it ranked 180th among the busiest stations of JR Kyushu.

## Surrounding area

Media related to Tsukumi Station at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Tsukumi Station
津久見駅 | |
| --- | --- |
| Tsukumi Station in 2011 | |
| General information | |
| Location | 1 Chūōmachi, Tsukumi-shi, Ōita-ken 879-2441
Japan |
| Coordinates | 33°04′22″N 131°51′50″E / 33.07278°N 131.86389°E / 33.07278; 131.86389 |
| Operated by | JR Kyushu |
| Line(s) | Nippō Main Line |
| Distance | 178.9 km from Kokura |
| Platforms | 1 island platform |
| Tracks | 2 + 1 passing loop and 1 siding |
| Construction | |
| Structure type | Elevated |
| Other information | |
| Status | Staffed ticket window (*Midori no Madoguchi*) (outsourced) |
| Website | Official website |
| History | |
| Opened | 25 October 1916 (1916-10-25) |
| Passengers | |
|  | |
| FY2016 | 878 daily |
| Rank | 180th (among JR Kyushu stations) |
|  | |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station  JR Kyushu Following station  Hishirotowards Kagoshima  Nippō Main Line  Usukitowards Kokura | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location  Tsukumi StationLocation within Oita PrefectureTsukumi StationTsukumi Station (Japan) | |


title: Paul M. Fleiss

abstract: Paul Murray Fleiss was an American pediatrician and author known for his unconventional medical views. Fleiss was a popular and sought-after pediatrician in the Greater Los Angeles area, both among poor and middle-class patients living near his Los Feliz office and among Southern California celebrities. Fleiss was a breastfeeding and anti-circumcision advocate. He recommended but did not insist upon childhood vaccinations, and stated he could be "convinced either way" as to whether HIV causes AIDS. In 1995, he pleaded guilty to conspiracy and bank fraud in relation to his daughter Heidi's prostitution ring.

text:
# Paul M. Fleiss

**Paul Murray Fleiss** (September 8, 1933 – July 19, 2014) was an American pediatrician and author known for his unconventional medical views. Fleiss was a popular and sought-after pediatrician in the Greater Los Angeles area, both among poor and middle-class patients living near his Los Feliz office and among Southern California celebrities. Fleiss was a breastfeeding and anti-circumcision advocate. He recommended but did not insist upon childhood vaccinations, and stated he could be "convinced either way" as to whether HIV causes AIDS. In 1995, he pleaded guilty to conspiracy and bank fraud in relation to his daughter Heidi's prostitution ring.

## History

Fleiss initially trained as a pharmacist and osteopath. He relocated from Detroit to California to take advantage of 1962 legislation allowing an osteopath to convert his degree to an MD. He earned his B.S. in pharmacy from Wayne State University, his D.O. from the University of California, Irvine, and his M.P.H. from UCLA.

Fleiss was the father of "Hollywood madam" Heidi Fleiss. In 1995, he pleaded guilty to charges of conspiracy and bank fraud. He helped Heidi launder hundreds of thousands of dollars by lying on her loan application and falsely claiming that she was an employee of his medical practice. He was sentenced to one day in prison, three years' probation, 625 hours of community service and a $50,000 fine. Following the felony convictions, the Medical Board of California placed him on probation for 1 year and publicly reprimanded him for "unprofessional conduct" and "dishonesty".

Heidi Fleiss was the subject of a 1996 made-for-TV movie entitled *The Good Doctor: The Paul Fleiss Story*, in which Paul Fleiss (played by Michael Gross) was portrayed sympathetically, as the victim of his daughter Heidi's machinations. *The New York Times* noted that "the sweeping inaccuracies in 'The Good Doctor: The Paul Fleiss Story' evidently didn't hurt its ratings", and the film was subsequently retitled *The Making of a Hollywood Madam*, and shown on cable television.

## Personal life

Fleiss was married to Elissa Ash until their divorce. He had four daughters, Heidi, Amy, Shana, and Kim, and two sons, Jesse and Jason, the latter of whom predeceased his father.

Paul Fleiss died July 19, 2014, aged 80, in Los Angeles, from undisclosed causes.

## Medical views and opinions

Fleiss was known for his unconventional medical views. He was a proponent of the "family bed". While he recommended that his patients receive vaccines, he did not insist upon it. He was quoted by the *Los Angeles Times* as stating that he 'could be "convinced either way" on whether HIV causes AIDS'. Fleiss was a breastfeeding advocate and anti-circumcision activist, or intactivist. He was the author or co-author of three books: *Sweet Dreams* (2001), *Your Premature Baby Comes Home* with Juliette M. Alsobrooks (2006), and *What Your Doctor May Not Tell You about Circumcision* with Frederick M. Hodges (2003).

## Pediatric practice

Fleiss was described in the *Los Angeles Times* as "everyone's favorite baby doctor" and having been "one of Southern California's most sought-after physicians" for thirty years. Sometimes described in the media as a "pediatrician to the stars", he counted numerous celebrities or their children among his patients.

In 2005, Fleiss was investigated for his role in the death, from untreated AIDS, of Eliza Jane Scovill, the daughter of AIDS denialist Christine Maggiore, who was HIV-positive. Against standard medical practice, Scovill was never tested for HIV, and Fleiss was investigated by the Medical Board of California for gross negligence in her care as well as in the care of a second child who was also HIV-positive.

After receiving over 100 letters of support for Fleiss from patients and parents, the medical board reached a settlement in which Fleiss conceded a failure to maintain adequate medical records and agreed to regular review by an outside physician acting as a monitor.


title: Local landscape designation

abstract: A local landscape designation is a non-statutory conservation designation used by local government in some parts of the United Kingdom to categorise sensitive landscapes which are, either legally or as a matter of policy, protected from development or other man-made influences. A local authority will typically produce a Landscape Assessment to define such areas. An LLD may also be known as an Area of Great Landscape Value, Special Landscape Area, or Area of Special Landscape Importance. If an area is designated as an AGLV, this restricts development in the area, especially if it will affect the distinctive character or quality of the landscape.

text:
# Local landscape designation

A **local landscape designation** is a non-statutory conservation designation used by local government in some parts of the United Kingdom to categorise sensitive landscapes which are, either legally or as a matter of policy, protected from development or other man-made influences. A local authority will typically produce a Landscape Assessment to define such areas.

An LLD may also be known as an Area of Great Landscape Value, Special Landscape Area, or Area of Special Landscape Importance. If an area is designated as an AGLV, this restricts development in the area, especially if it will affect the distinctive character or quality of the landscape.


title: Lissa Evans

abstract: Felicity Kenvyn is a British television director, producer, novelist and children's author. After qualifying as a doctor in 1983, Evans worked in medicine in Newcastle for four years before a brief period in stand-up, beginning with an ensemble review called "Wire Less Wireless" which played in some of the pubs in Newcastle. Evans joined BBC Radio where she was a producer of comedy programmes before migrating to television. She has produced and/or directed Father Ted, Room 101, The Kumars at No. 42, TV Heaven, Telly Hell, Crossing the Floor and Have I Got News For You. She also served as voice director for the British-Canadian children's television series Don't Eat the Neighbours. Evans has written six novels for adults: Spencer's List, Odd One Out, Their Finest Hour and a Half, Crooked Heart, Old Baggage, and V for Victory. For children, she has written Small Change For Stuart, shortlisted for the 2011 Costa Award for Children's fiction, the 2012 Carnegie Medal, and the 2012 Branford Boase Award. Small Change for Stuart was published in the United States as Horten's Miraculous Mechanisms, and the sequel, Big Change for Stuart was published in 2012. Another book for children, Wed Wabbit, was published in 2017 and shortlisted for the 2017 Costa Book Awards and the 2018 Carnegie Medal.

text:
# Lissa Evans

**Felicity Kenvyn**  (known as **Lissa Evans**) is a British television director, producer, novelist and children's author.

After qualifying as a doctor in 1983, Evans worked in medicine in Newcastle for four years before a brief period in stand-up, beginning with an ensemble review called "Wire Less Wireless" which played in some of the pubs in Newcastle. Evans joined BBC Radio where she was a producer of comedy programmes before migrating to television. She has produced and/or directed *Father Ted* (for which she won a BAFTA for best comedy), *Room 101*, *The Kumars at No. 42*, *TV Heaven, Telly Hell*, *Crossing the Floor* (for which she won an Emmy for best drama) and *Have I Got News For You*. She also served as voice director for the British-Canadian children's television series *Don't Eat the Neighbours*.

Evans has written six novels for adults: *Spencer's List*, *Odd One Out*, *Their Finest Hour and a Half* (now filmed as *Their Finest*), *Crooked Heart* (which with *Their Finest Hour and a Half* was long-listed for the Baileys Women's Prize for Fiction), *Old Baggage*, and *V for Victory*.

For children, she has written *Small Change For Stuart*, shortlisted for the 2011 Costa Award for Children's fiction, the 2012 Carnegie Medal, and the 2012 Branford Boase Award. *Small Change for Stuart* was published in the United States as *Horten's Miraculous Mechanisms*, and the sequel, *Big Change for Stuart* (*Horten's Incredible Illusions* in the U.S.) was published in 2012. Another book for children, *Wed Wabbit*, was published in 2017 and shortlisted for the 2017 Costa Book Awards and the 2018 Carnegie Medal.

## Bibliography

For adults

* *Spencer's List* (2003)
* *Odd One Out* (2005)
* *Their Finest Hour and a Half* (2009)
* *Crooked Heart* (2014)
* *Old Baggage* (2018)
* *V for Victory* (2020)
* *Small Bomb At Dimperley* (2024)

For children

* *Smudger the Dog Saves Christmas* (2010)
* *Small Change for Stuart* (2011)
* *Big Change for Stuart* (2012)
* *Wed Wabbit* (2017)
* *Wished* (2021)


title: Yellowstone Public Radio

abstract: Yellowstone Public Radio is a public radio regional network based in Billings, Montana with transmitters covering most of Montana, as well as northern Wyoming and eastern Idaho. It is operated by Montana State University Billings. It airs a mix of programming from National Public Radio, classical music and jazz.

text:
# Yellowstone Public Radio

**Yellowstone Public Radio** is a public radio regional network based in Billings, Montana with transmitters covering most of Montana, as well as northern Wyoming and eastern Idaho. It is operated by Montana State University Billings. It airs a mix of programming from National Public Radio, classical music and jazz.

## History

The network's first station, **KEMC** in Billings, signed on in 1972 as a 10-watt station owned by what was then Eastern Montana College. It boosted its power to 24,500 watts in 1978. It gradually transitioned from a college radio station to a more professional operation. This culminated in 1984, when it hired a professional station manager and joined National Public Radio, becoming the state's second NPR member. Over the next decade, it boosted its signal to 100,000 watts, and built a network of translators and repeaters across Montana, and now has one of the largest geographical coverage areas in the entire NPR system. Shortly after EMC merged with the Montana State University System, KEMC rebranded itself Yellowstone Public Radio, reflecting that its coverage area spanned across most of the area around Yellowstone National Park. In the same year, its home since 1983, a three-story house west of campus, was renamed the Joseph L. Sample Studios in honor of the Montana broadcasting pioneer.

## Stations and translators

Yellowstone Public Radio is broadcast by twelve full-power stations. The network is also relayed by an additional 28 translators to widen its broadcast area.

| Call sign | Frequency | City of license | State | Facility ID | ERP
 | Height
(ft) | Class | Transmitter coordinates |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| KYPB | 89.3 FM | Big Timber | Montana | 174918 | 500 | 126 m (413 ft) | A | 45°45′1″N 109°57′16″W / 45.75028°N 109.95444°W / 45.75028; -109.95444 (KYPB) |
| KEMC | 91.7 FM | Billings | Montana | 43571 | 100,000 | 158 m (518 ft) | C1 | 45°39′31″N 108°34′14″W / 45.65861°N 108.57056°W / 45.65861; -108.57056 (KEMC) |
| KBMC | 102.1 FM | Bozeman | Montana | 43572 | 20,500 | 222 m (728 ft) | C2 | 45°38′18″N 111°16′5″W / 45.63833°N 111.26806°W / 45.63833; -111.26806 (KBMC) |
| KYPC | 89.9 FM | Colstrip | Montana | 172568 | 3,500 | 357 m (1,171 ft) | C2 | 45°50′17″N 106°54′16″W / 45.83806°N 106.90444°W / 45.83806; -106.90444 (KYPC) |
| KGLZ | 89.1 FM | East Helena | Montana | 173818 | 140 vertical only | 668 m (2,192 ft) | C3 | 46°49′30″N 111°42′13″W / 46.82500°N 111.70361°W / 46.82500; -111.70361 (KGLZ) |
| KYPH | 88.5 FM | Helena | Montana | 174030 | 5,200 | 576 m (1,890 ft) | C1 | 46°44′53″N 112°19′49″W / 46.74806°N 112.33028°W / 46.74806; -112.33028 (KYPH) |
| KYPX | 106.5 FM | Helena Valley Southeast | Montana | 189560 | 1,800 | 652 m (2,139 ft) | C2 | 46°49′30″N 111°42′13″W / 46.82500°N 111.70361°W / 46.82500; -111.70361 (KYPX) |
| KYPM | 89.9 FM | Livingston | Montana | 172578 | 1,900 | 265 m (869 ft) | C3 | 45°35′51″N 110°32′45″W / 45.59750°N 110.54583°W / 45.59750; -110.54583 (KYPM) |
| KYPR | 90.7 FM | Miles City | Montana | 42382 | 500 | 153 m (502 ft) | A | 46°23′22″N 105°45′22″W / 46.38944°N 105.75611°W / 46.38944; -105.75611 (KYPR) |
| KYPF | 89.5 FM | Stanford | Montana | 172585 | 4,000 | 576 m (1,890 ft) | C1 | 47°10′39″N 109°32′9″W / 47.17750°N 109.53583°W / 47.17750; -109.53583 (KYPF) |
| KYPW | 88.3 FM | Wolf Point | Montana | 172712 | 730 | 59 m (194 ft) | A | 48°02′8″N 105°31′13″W / 48.03556°N 105.52028°W / 48.03556; -105.52028 (KYPW) |
| KPRQ | 88.1 FM | Sheridan | Wyoming | 89885 | 450 | 341 m (1,119 ft) | A | 44°37′26″N 107°07′2″W / 44.62389°N 107.11722°W / 44.62389; -107.11722 (KPRQ) |

Notes:

|
|  |
Broadcast translators
| Call sign | Frequency
(MHz) | City of license | State | Facility ID | Rebroadcasts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| K206BN | 89.1 | Ashland | Montana | 43575 | KYPR |
| K242DC | 96.3 | Big Sky | Montana | 18326 | KBMC |
| K213AU | 90.5 | Big Timber | Montana | 64316 | KEMC |
| K255CW | 98.9 | Billings | Montana | 93794 | KEMC |
| K251CU | 98.1 | Bozeman | Montana | 18324 | KBMC |
| K220FL | 91.9 | Broadus | Montana | 43574 | KYPR |
| K261CC | 100.1 | Chester | Montana | 55091 | KEMC |
| K203AF | 88.5 | Colstrip | Montana | 18320 | KEMC |
| K203AI | 88.5 | Columbus | Montana | 18321 | KEMC |
| K217FH | 91.3 | Conrad | Montana | 92690 | KEMC |
| K205BZ | 88.9 | Cut Bank | Montana | 18333 | KEMC |
| K216CH | 91.1 | Emigrant | Montana | 18315 | KBMC |
| K216DC | 91.1 | Forsyth | Montana | 43573 | KEMC |
| K220DN | 91.9 | Glasgow | Montana | 18312 | KEMC |
| K203AS | 88.5 | Glendive | Montana | 15868 | KEMC |
| K208DJ | 89.5 | Great Falls | Montana | 84903 | KEMC |
| K219FF | 91.7 | Havre | Montana | 122867 | KEMC |
| K203AE | 88.5 | Lewistown | Montana | 18316 | KEMC |
| K204GR | 88.7 | Livingston | Montana | 18322 | KBMC |
| K206BA | 89.1 | Red Lodge | Montana | 18318 | KEMC |
| K212BC | 90.3 | Shelby | Montana | 18325 | KEMC |
| K220DF | 91.9 | Terry | Montana | 15867 | KEMC |
| K290CA | 105.9 | West Yellowstone | Montana | 155899 | KBMC |
| K220DK | 91.9 | Buffalo | Wyoming | 55092 | KEMC |
| K203AH | 88.5 | Cody | Wyoming | 18328 | KEMC |
| K218ES | 91.5 | Greybull | Wyoming | 18323 | KEMC |
| K285AF | 104.9 | Mammoth Hot Springs | Wyoming | 39762 | KEMC |
| K214EZ | 90.7 | Worland | Wyoming | 18329 | KEMC |

1. "Deal Digest: Memphis Jazz Station's Survival Ensured". *Inside Radio*. February 27, 2020. Retrieved March 10, 2020.

## InfoBox

Yellowstone Public Radio
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Type | Public Radio Network |
| Country | United States |
| Broadcast area | Montana
Idaho
Wyoming |
| Programming | |
| Affiliations | National Public Radio |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Montana State University-Billings |
| Links | |
| Webcast | Available on website |
| Website | yellowstonepublicradio.org |


title: Verzé

abstract: Verzé is a commune in the Saône-et-Loire department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

text:
# Verzé

**Verzé** (French pronunciation: \[vɛʁze\]) is a commune in the Saône-et-Loire department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

## InfoBox

| Verzé | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| The church in Verzé | |
| Location of Verzé | |
| VerzéVerzé | |
| Coordinates: 46°22′38″N 4°44′05″E / 46.37710°N 4.7347°E / 46.37710; 4.7347 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Bourgogne-Franche-Comté |
| Department | Saône-et-Loire |
| Arrondissement | Mâcon |
| Canton | Hurigny |
| Intercommunality | Mâconnais Beaujolais Agglomération |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Françoise Large |
| Area**1** | 19.84 km2 (7.66 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 834 |
| Density | 42/km2 (110/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 71574 /71960 |
| Elevation | 226–590 m (741–1,936 ft)
(avg. 280 m or 920 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Panopticom

abstract: "Panopticom" is a song by English musician Peter Gabriel, released in January 2023 as the first single in promotion of his tenth studio album I/O, his first album of original material since 2002's Up. Two versions of the song have been released: the "Bright Side Mix" on 6 January 2023, and the "Dark Side Mix" on 21 January. The cover features David Spriggs' Red Gravity as the cover art. The single was released on the first full moon of the year. Additional tracks from the album were also released on full moons and received both "bright side" and "dark side" mixes by Stent and Blake, respectively.

text:
# Panopticom

"**Panopticom**" is a song by English musician Peter Gabriel, released in January 2023 as the first single in promotion of his tenth studio album *I/O*, his first album of original material since 2002's *Up*. Two versions of the song have been released: the "Bright Side Mix" (mixed by Mark "Spike" Stent) on 6 January 2023, and the "Dark Side Mix" (mixed by Tchad Blake) on 21 January. The cover (for both versions) features David Spriggs' *Red Gravity* as the cover art. The single was released on the first full moon of the year.

Additional tracks from the album were also released on full moons and received both "bright side" and "dark side" mixes by Stent and Blake, respectively.

## Background

On the origin of the song, Gabriel said,

> "The first song is based on an idea I have been working on to initiate the creation of an infinitely expandable accessible data globe: the Panopticom. We are beginning to connect a like-minded group of people who might be able to bring this to life, to allow the world to see itself better and understand more of what’s really going on."

Additionally, Gabriel cited research group Forensic Architecture, investigative journalism group Bellingcat, and the non-profit human rights organization WITNESS (co-founded by Gabriel) as inspirations.

The song was recorded at Gabriel's Real World Studios in Wiltshire and the Beehive in London, and features frequent collaborators Tony Levin on bass, David Rhodes on guitar, Manu Katché on drums, and Brian Eno on synths and bells. Ríoghnach Connolly of The Breath also contributed backing vocals.

## Artwork

The cover artwork features *Red Gravity* by David Spriggs, who created the piece in 2021 with acrylic paint on layered plexiglass with dimensions of 84 × 61 × 20 cm. Gabriel commented that the artwork reflected "Panopticom's" lyrical themes of surveillance, which prompted him to reach out to Spriggs for permission to use *Red Gravity* for the cover art. The artwork was also used as a backdrop for performances of "Panopticom" during Gabriel's i/o tour.

## Personnel

* Peter Gabriel – lead and backing vocals, synthesizers, rhythm programming, production
* Tony Levin – bass guitar
* David Rhodes – electric guitar, backing vocals
* Manu Katché – drums
* Brian Eno – haunting synths, bells
* Katie May – acoustic guitar
* Richard Chappell – rhythm programming
* Oli Jacobs – rhythm programming, synthesizers
* Ríoghnach Connolly – backing vocals

## Charts

Chart performance for "Panopticom"
| Chart (2023) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Canadian Digital Song Sales (*Billboard*) | 45 |
| UK Singles Downloads (OCC) | 19 |
| US Rock Digital Songs (*Billboard*) | 12 |

## InfoBox

| "Panopticom" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Peter Gabriel | |
| from the album  *I/O* | |
| Released | * 6 January 2023 (bright-side mix) * 21 January 2023 (dark-side and in-side mixes) |
| Studio |  |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 5:13 |
| Label |  |
| Songwriter(s) | Peter Gabriel |
| Producer(s) | Peter Gabriel |
| Peter Gabriel singles chronology | |
| "Here It Is"
(2022) "**Panopticom**"
(2023) "The Court"
(2023) | |


title: Opogona trigonomis

abstract: Opogona trigonomis is a moth of the family Tineidae first described by Edward Meyrick in 1907. It is found in Sri Lanka.

text:
# Opogona trigonomis

***Opogona trigonomis*** is a moth of the family Tineidae first described by Edward Meyrick in 1907. It is found in Sri Lanka.

## InfoBox

| *Opogona trigonomis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Tineidae |
| Genus: | *Opogona* |
| Species: | ***O. trigonomis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Opogona trigonomis***<br>Meyrick, 1907 | |
|


title: Li Di (chess player)

abstract: Li Di is a Chinese chess grandmaster.

text:
# Li Di (chess player)

**Li Di** (Chinese: 李荻; born December 15, 1999) is a Chinese chess grandmaster.

## Chess career

In 2013, Li won the U14 World Youth Chess Championship held in Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.

In May 2021, Li finished 3rd in the Chinese Chess Championship, losing to Yu Yangyi and Wei Yi on tiebreaks based on Sonneborn–Berger score.

In November 2022, Li finished 4th in the Chinese Chess Championship, losing to Xu Xiangyu on tiebreak based on Sonneborn-Berger score. Li, along with Lu Shanglei, Xu Xiangyu, and Bai Jinshi, was part of the Chinese team who won the 2022 World Team Chess Championship.

## InfoBox

| Li Di | |
| --- | --- |
| Country | China |
| Born | (1999-12-15) December 15, 1999<br>Chengdu, Sichuan, China |
| Title | Grandmaster (2019) |
| FIDE rating | 2552 (October 2024) |
| Peak rating | 2581 (June 2021) |


title: Tsukui, Kanagawa

abstract: Tsukui was a town located in Tsukui District, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. On March 20, 2006, Tsukui, along with the town of Sagamiko, was merged into the expanded city of Sagamihara, and thus no longer exists as an independent municipality. It is now part of Midori-ku, Sagamihara. As of March 1, 2006, final population data before the amalgamation, the town had an estimated population of 28,551 and a density of 233.9 persons per km⁲. The total area was 122.04 km⁲.

text:
# Tsukui, Kanagawa

**Tsukui** (津久井町, *Tsukui-machi*) was a town located in Tsukui District, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan.

On March 20, 2006, Tsukui, along with the town of Sagamiko (also from Tsukui District), was merged into the expanded city of Sagamihara, and thus no longer exists as an independent municipality. It is now part of Midori-ku, Sagamihara.

As of March 1, 2006, final population data before the amalgamation, the town had an estimated population of 28,551 and a density of 233.9 persons per km2. The total area was 122.04 km2.

## InfoBox

| Tsukui 津久井町 | |
| --- | --- |
| Former municipality | |
| Location of Tsukui in Kanagawa Prefecture | |
| TsukuiLocation in Japan | |
| Coordinates: 35°35′02″N 139°15′30″E / 35.5838°N 139.2584°E / 35.5838; 139.2584 | |
| Country | Japan |
| Region | Kantō |
| Prefecture | Kanagawa Prefecture |
| District | Tsukui |
| Merged | March 11, 2007
(now part of Sagamihara) |
| Area | |
| Total | 122.04 km2 (47.12 sq mi) |
| Population (March 1, 2006) | |
| Total | 28,551 |
| Density | 233.9/km2 (606/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+09:00 (JST) |
|  | |
| Symbols | |
|  | |
| Bird | Japanese bush-warbler |
| Flower | Rhododendron |
| Tree | Maple |
|  | |


title: Paul von Buri

abstract: Paul Friedrich Christian von Buri was a German diplomat who served as the Consul-General for Australia and in Shanghai.

text:
# Paul von Buri

**Paul Friedrich Christian von Buri** (1 June 1860 – 7 August 1922) was a German diplomat who served as the Consul-General for Australia and in Shanghai.

## Early life and background

Born in Gießen in the Grand Duchy of Hesse on 1 June 1860, von Buri was born into a prominent Hessian noble family, which had been ennobled (granting the title 'von') by the Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt, Louis VIII, in 1753. His father, Maximilian von Buri (1825–1902), was a jurist who served as a judge of the Reichsgericht from 1879 to 1896 and his great grandfather Ludwig von Buri (1746–1806) was a childhood friend of Goethe. On 14 March 1896 in Leipzig, von Buri married Charlotte von Bomhard (1871–1964), of a prominent Bavarian noble family and daughter of President of the Senate of the Reichsgericht, Ernst von Bomhard. Buri received his education at the Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, the Universität Straßburg and Leipzig University.

## Diplomatic career

Buri started his civil service career in 1881 in the Reichskolonialamt ('Imperial Colonial Office') serving as a councillor and was appointed Resident Commissioner in the Marshall Islands protectorate, as a part of the German New Guinea. Buri carried on the negotiations which resulted in the Tripartite Convention of 1899 which decided the question of the Samoan Islands, dividing the island group between Germany and the United States.

Joining the Imperial Foreign Office in 1886, Buri commenced his diplomatic career abroad as Vice-Consul in the British Protectorate of Zanzibar in 1889. Thereafter he served as German Consul to the Cape Colony in Cape Town and the Transvaal Colony in Pretoria. In 1895 he was appointed a counsellor based in the Foreign Office in Berlin. From 1900 he was appointed Consul-General in Basel, Switzerland. At age 40, in April 1901 Buri was appointed Consul-General of Germany for Australia based in Sydney, with responsibility for New Zealand and Fiji. With his arrival coinciding with the beginning of Australian Federation, Buri was the representative of Kaiser Wilhelm II at the occasion of the first opening of the Parliament of Australia in Melbourne on 9 May 1901. In August 1906 Buri was appointed German Consul-General in Shanghai, with responsibility for German nationals in the International Settlement as an extraterritorial power, and in surrounding areas, arriving in October 1906.

In February 1913, Buri was appointed German Minister to Siam, serving until 1917 when Siam entered the First World War on the Allied side. Buri retired on his return to Germany and died age 62 on 7 August 1922 in Seeheim, Hesse.

## Honours

## InfoBox

| Paul von Buri | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Consul-General of Germany for Australia | |
| **In office**
13 April 1901  9 August 1906 | |
| Preceded by | Peter Kempermann |
| Succeeded by | Georg Irmer |
| Consul-General of Germany in Shanghai | |
| **In office**
9 August 1906  February 1913 | |
| Preceded by | Wilhelm Knappe |
| Succeeded by | Hubert Knipping |
| German Minister to Siam | |
| **In office**
February 1913  22 July 1917 | |
| Preceded by | Konrad von der Goltz |
| Succeeded by | *Relations suspended* |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1860-06-01)1 June 1860
Gießen, Grand Duchy of Hesse |
| Died | 7 August 1922(1922-08-07) (aged 62)
Seeheim, Hesse, Germany |
| Spouse | Charlotte von Bomhard |
| Parent(s) | Maximilian von Buri
Marie von Ernest |
|  | |


title: Lissa Labiche

abstract: Lissa Mary Audrey Labiche is Seychellois athlete competing in the high jump and occasionally long jump.

text:
# Lissa Labiche

**Lissa Mary Audrey Labiche** (born February 18, 1993) is Seychellois athlete competing in the high jump and occasionally long jump.

## Career

In the Women's high jump event at the 2012 Summer Olympics, she finished tied for 20th place and did not advance to the final.

She competed for the Seychelles at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro. She finished 29th in the qualifying round for women's high jump and did not advance to the finals. She was the flag bearer for the Seychelles during the closing ceremony.

## Competition record

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Representing  Seychelles | | | | | |
| 2009 | World Youth Championships | Brixen, Italy | 20th (q) | High jump | 1.74 m |
| | African Junior Championships | Bambous, Mauritius | 1st | High jump | 1.69 m |
| | Jeux de la Francophonie | Beirut, Lebanon | 8th | High jump | 1.70 m |
| 2010 | African Championships | Nairobi, Kenya | 2nd | High jump | 1.70 m |
| | Commonwealth Games | Delhi, India | 12th | High jump | 1.68 m |
| 2011 | African Junior Championships | Gaborone, Botswana | 2nd | High jump | 1.70 m |
| | | | 3rd | Heptathlon | 4663 pts |
| | All-Africa Games | Maputo, Mozambique | 3rd | High jump | 1.80 m |
| | | 9th | Long jump | 5.70 m (w) |
| 2012 | African Championships | Porto Novo, Benin | 1st | High jump | 1.86 m (NR) |
| | | | 12th | Long jump | NM |
| | World Junior Championships | Barcelona, Spain | 2nd | High jump | 1.88 m (NR) |
| | Olympic Games | London, United Kingdom | 20th (q) | High jump | 1.85 m |
| 2014 | Commonwealth Games | Glasgow, United Kingdom | 18th (q) | High jump | 1.71 m |
| 2015 | World Championships | Beijing, China | 21st (q) | High jump | 1.89 m |
| | African Games | Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo | 1st | High jump | 1.91 m |
| | | 3rd | Long jump | 6.25 m |
| 2016 | World Indoor Championships | Portland, United States | 10th | High jump | 1.89 m |
| | African Championships | Durban, South Africa | 1st | High jump | 1.85 m |
| | Olympic Games | Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | 29th (q) | High jump | 1.85 m |
| 2017 | Jeux de la Francophonie | Abidjan, Ivory Coast | 1st | High jump | 1.91 m |

## Personal bests

**Outdoor**

**Indoor**

## InfoBox

Lissa Labiche
| Lisa Labiche holding the Seychelles female athlete of the year trophy for 2015 | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Born | (1993-02-18) February 18, 1993 |
| Height | 1.72 m (5 ft 7+12 in) |
| Weight | 55 kg (121 lb) |
| Sport | |
| Country | Seychelles |
| Sport | Athletics |
| Event(s) | High jump, long jump, heptathlon |
| College team | South Carolina Gamecocks |
| Medal record      Women's Athletics  Representing  Seychelles  African Games  2015 Brazzaville High jump  2011 Maputo High jump  2015 Brazzaville Long jump  African Championships  2012 Porto Novo High jump  2016 Durban High jump  2010 Nairobi High jump | |
| Updated on 26 August 2016 | |


title: Verija

abstract: Verija is a village in the municipality of Kozarska Dubica, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

text:
# Verija

**Verija**  (Serbian Cyrillic: Верија) is a village in the municipality of Kozarska Dubica, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

45°11′N 16°46′E / 45.183°N 16.767°E / 45.183; 16.767

## InfoBox

| Verija | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Verija | |
| Coordinates: 45°11′N 16°46′E / 45.183°N 16.767°E / 45.183; 16.767 | |
| Country | Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Entity | Republika Srpska |
| Municipality | Kozarska Dubica |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: Yazaki

abstract: Yazaki Corporation is a global automotive parts supplier with a focus on wire harnesses, instruments and components such as connectors and terminals. The company's origin and headquarters are in Japan, but in 2011, roughly 90% of its employees were outside the home country. Yazaki ranks among the largest worldwide automotive suppliers, ranked 13th by the industry journal Automotive News in 2015. The company's product lineup includes electrical cables, meter and auto instruments, gas equipment, air-conditioning, and solar-powered systems. As a first tier supplier, Yazaki sells chiefly to auto manufacturers, and, to a lesser extent, electric power, gas, and general construction companies. Yazaki is among the top 100 companies receiving the most US patents. The Yazaki Group's corporate headquarters are located in the Mita-Kokusai Building in Mita, in Minato, Tokyo, Japan. Its main R&D center and its World Headquarters are located in the Y-city compound in Susono, Shizuoka prefecture. The company has its European headquarters in Cologne, Germany and the North American headquarters in Canton, Michigan, United States of America.

text:
# Yazaki

**Yazaki Corporation** (矢崎総業株式会社, *Yazaki Sōgyō Kabushiki Kaisha*) is a global automotive parts supplier with a focus on wire harnesses, instruments and components such as connectors and terminals. The company's origin and headquarters are in Japan, but in 2011, roughly 90% of its employees were outside the home country.

Yazaki ranks among the largest worldwide automotive suppliers, ranked 13th by the industry journal Automotive News in 2015.

The company's product lineup includes electrical cables, meter and auto instruments, gas equipment, air-conditioning, and solar-powered systems. As a first tier supplier, Yazaki sells chiefly to auto manufacturers, and, to a lesser extent, electric power, gas, and general construction companies. Yazaki is among the top 100 companies receiving the most US patents.

The Yazaki Group's corporate headquarters are located in the Mita-Kokusai Building (三田国際ビル *Mita Kokusai Biru*) in Mita, in Minato, Tokyo, Japan. Its main R&D center and its World Headquarters are located in the Y-city compound in Susono, Shizuoka prefecture. The company has its European headquarters in Cologne, Germany and the North American headquarters in Canton, Michigan, United States of America.

## History and expansion

Starting as a small Japanese family business selling wiring harnesses for automobiles in 1941, Yazaki Group in 2011 employs more than 192,000 people worldwide, with about 90% of them (171,000) outside Japan. After World War II, Yazaki focused on automotive wire harness production and grew rapidly. Overseas growth increased strongly between 1974 and the 1990s. There were external and internal reasons for this increase. The main external reason was the general trend of Japanese automotive companies to move production abroad to avoid trade sanctions in this period. This strategy change was accompanied by a change of leadership within Yazaki, when the young heir Yasuhiko Yazaki succeeded the founder Sadami Yazaki in 1974, aged only 33. Between 1974 and 1990, overseas sales grew roughly 30 times (from about ¥4 Billion in 1974 to ¥116 Billion), while overseas employees increased tenfold (from 2,922 to 33,703).

## Main business areas

Yazaki's business is concentrated in the automotive industry and focuses on three areas: Electrical Distribution Systems (e.g. wire harnesses), Electronics & Instrumentation, and Components. As a first tier supplier, Yazaki interacts directly with car makers such as Toyota, Honda, GM, Ford, Stellantis, Tesla, Subaru, Nissan, Mazda, Jaguar Land Rover, PSA, etc. and coordinates parts of development, sub-component sourcing, testing and assembly.

Electrical Distribution Systems: Wire harness production is a labor-intensive process and requires high degrees of coordination of and closeness to the car manufacturer. Yazaki is among the global leaders in this area with a market share of close to 30%.

Electronics & Instrumentation: Yazaki provides Instrument Clusters, Display and Clock Modules, Power Distribution Boxes, as well as Body Electronics, Head Up Displays (HUD) and Combi Switches. The company also offers HMI solutions, and system support for Intelligent Electronic, Power & Signal Distribution.

Components: Yazaki develops and produces specialized automotive connectors and terminals.

## Training

Every year Yazaki World Headquarters (Yazaki WHQ, located in Y-City, Susono, Japan) conducting two leadership training for all global affiliate plants. 1. YLDS (Yazaki Leadership Development Seminar) - for Junior management people 2. YGLP (Yazaki Global Leadership Seminar) - for senior management people

## Controversies

### Price fixing

On January 30, 2012, the US Justice Department announced after two years of investigation that it had discovered part of a massive price fixing scheme in which Denso and Yazaki played a significant role. The conspiracy, which fixed prices and allocated components to such car manufacturers as Toyota and Honda, extended from Michigan to Japan, where it was also under investigation. Denso agreed to pay a fine of $78 million. Yazaki agreed to pay a fine of $470 million, and four Yazaki executives were sentenced to prison and assessed a $20,000 fine each.

### Operations in Russia

During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Yazaki refused to join the international community and withdraw from the Russian market. Research from Yale University published on August 10, 2022 identifying how companies were reacting to Russia's invasion identified Yazaki in the worst category of "Digging in", meaning Defying Demands for Exit: companies defying demands for exit/reduction of activities.

## InfoBox

Yazaki Corporation
|
|  |
|
| Native name | 矢崎総業株式会社 |
| Company type | Private KK |
| Industry | Automotive |
| Founded | (1929 (1929)) |
| Founder | Sadami Yazaki |
| Headquarters | Tokyo, Japan |
| Area served | Worldwide |
| Key people | Yasuhiko Yazaki
(Chairman)
Riku Yazaki
(President) |
| Products |  |
| Revenue | JPY 1,926.6 billion (FY 2017) (US$ 17.6 billion) (FY 2017) |
| Number of employees | 306,118 people (as of June 2018) |
| Website | Official website |
| **Footnotes / references**
/ar.html | |