title: Mary Molloy

abstract: Mary Aloysia Molloy was president of the College of Saint Teresa from 1928 through 1946.

text:
# Mary Molloy

**Mary Aloysia Molloy** (June 14, 1880  September 27, 1954) was president of the College of Saint Teresa from 1928 through 1946.

## Biography

Molloy was born in Sandusky, Ohio, the only child of Irish immigrants. She attended Sandusky High School where she won an essay contest by the Ohio Society of the Sons of the American Revolution. She gained admittance to Ohio State University in 1899 and earned a bachelor's degree in philosophy in 1903, with more honors than anyone else up to that time. Molloy won a fellowship to attend graduate school at Ohio State and completed her master's in English philology in 1905. She continued her studies at Cornell University where she completed her doctorate in 1907. Her doctoral thesis, "The Vocabulary of the Old English Bede", was a concordance to the Anglo-Saxon translation of Bede's *Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum*.

Leo Tracy of the Sisters of Saint Francis of Rochester, Minnesota, and directoress of Winona Seminary, wished her teaching staff to obtain bachelor's degrees. She wrote to Molloy asking her to come to Winona to instruct the sisters. In August 1907 Molloy responded and went to Winona, Minnesota. Working under Tracy she taught the freshman curriculum. In 1908 she was named the seminary's assistant principal and began teaching second year courses. The seminary became the College of Saint Teresa and Molloy was atypical as the lay dean of a Catholic college.

Molloy delivered remarks at the 1917 convention of the National Catholic Education Association (NCEA) on improving women's education. She voiced her concerns over the future of Catholic colleges at the 1918 convention, criticizing the quality of education. She called for fewer institutions that provided stronger curriculum that included medical and legal training. Bishop Patrick R. Heffron of Winona promoted her cause in Rome and Pope Benedict XV awarded Molloy the Pro Ecclesia et Pontifice medal for her service in women's higher education. It was the first time such an honor was bestowed on an American woman for education.

In 1923 she became the first woman to be appointed to the NCEA's College and University Department executive committee. In 1923 she also became a Franciscan Sister, then known as Sister Mary Aloysius Molloy and in 1928 became the college's president. As an educator, Molloy worked hard to improve the quality of women's education, wrestled with problems particular to Catholic colleges, and carefully oversaw the development of her own school.

By 1946, when Molloy retired, the College of Saint Teresa was an established institution producing graduate women. Molloy died in Rochester, Minnesota at age 74.

## InfoBox

| Mary Molloy | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | Mary Aloysia Molloy
(1880-06-14)June 14, 1880
Sandusky, Ohio |
| Died | September 27, 1954(1954-09-27) (aged 74)
Rochester, Minnesota |
| Education | Cornell University |
| Occupation | Educator |


title: María José Gaidano

abstract: María José Gaidano is an Argentine tennis coach and former professional tennis player. She was born in Buenos Aires and played professionally from 1992 to 2000. Gaidona represented Argentina in the Fed Cup tournament in 1997.

text:
# María José Gaidano

**María José Gaidano** (born 25 March 1973) is an Argentine tennis coach and former professional tennis player.

She was born in Buenos Aires and played professionally from 1992 to 2000. Gaidona represented Argentina in the Fed Cup tournament in 1997.

## WTA career finals

### Doubles 3 (2 titles, 1 runner-up)

| Legend |
| --- |
| Grand Slam |
| Tier I |
| Tier II |
| Tier III |
| Tier IV & V |

| Result | Date | Tournament | Surface | Partner | Opponents | Score |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Win | Jul 1992 | Palermo Open, Italy | Clay | Halle Cioffi | Petra Langrová
Ana Segura | 6–3, 4–6, 6–3 |
| Win | May 1993 | Belgian Open | Clay | Radka Bobková | Ann Devries
Dominique Monami | 6–4, 2–6, 7–6 |
| Loss | May 1997 | Bol Open, Croatia | Clay | Marion Maruska | Laura Montalvo
Henrieta Nagyová | 3–6, 1–6 |

## ITF finals

| $50,000 tournaments |
| --- |
| $25,000 tournaments |
| $10,000 tournaments |

### Singles (1–4)

| Result | No. | Date | Tournament | Surface | Opponent | Score |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Win | 1. | 7 October 1990 | ITF Bogotá, Colombia | Clay | Jolene Watanabe | 0–6, 7–5, 6–2 |
| Loss | 1. | 1 September 1991 | ITF Belo Horizonte, Brazil | Clay | Andrea Vieira | 3–6, 4–6 |
| Loss | 2. | 21 October 1991 | ITF Asunción, Paraguay | Clay | María Luciana Reynares | 3–6, 1–6 |
| Loss | 3. | 11 November 1991 | ITF Rio de Janeiro, Brazil | Clay | Ulrike Priller | 3–6, 4–6 |
| Loss | 4. | 4 August 1996 | ITF Roanoke, United States | Hard | Karin Miller | 6–1, 4–6, 0–6 |

### Doubles (2–4)

| Result | No. | Date | Tournament | Surface | Partner | Opponents | Score |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Loss | 1. | 5 November 1990 | ITF Asunción, Paraguay | Clay | Patricia Miller | Viviana Valdovinos
Jolene Watanabe | 6–3, 4–6, 6–7 |
| Loss | 2. | 28 September 1991 | ITF Biella, Italy | Clay | Sandra Ugarriza | Claudia Piccini
Elena Savoldi | 1–6, 4–6 |
| Win | 1. | 2 September 1991 | ITF São Paulo, Brazil | Clay | Cintia Tortorella | Rossana de los Ríos
Larissa Schaerer | 7–6(2), 6–4 |
| Win | 2. | 13 February 1995 | ITF Bogotá, Colombia | Clay | Andrea Vieira | Joanne Moore
Ximena Rodríguez | 6–4, 1–6, 6–1 |
| Loss | 3. | 31 March 1997 | ITF Phoenix, United States | Hard | María Vento-Kabchi | Lea Ghirardi
Nino Louarsabishvili | 0–6, 2–6 |
| Loss | 4. | 6 September 1998 | ITF Manaus, Brazil | Hard | Joanne Moore | Bruna Colósio
Carla Tiene | 6–3, 3–6, 4–6 |

## InfoBox

María José Gaidano
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Country (sports) | Argentina |
| Residence | Buenos Aires, Argentina |
| Born | (1973-05-25) 25 May 1973
Buenos Aires |
| Height | 1.71 m (5 ft 7+12 in) |
| Turned pro | 1992 |
| Retired | 2000 |
| Plays | Right-handed (two-handed backhand) |
| Prize money | $299,016 |
| Singles | |
| Career record | 214–171 |
| Career titles | 0 |
| Highest ranking | 85 (4 October 1993) |
| Grand Slam singles results | |
| Australian Open | 1R (1994, 1996) |
| French Open | 2R (1995) |
| Wimbledon | 2R (1994) |
| US Open | 4R (1993) |
| Doubles | |
| Career record | 64–87 |
| Career titles | 2 |
| Highest ranking | 87 (5 July 1993) |
| Grand Slam doubles results | |
| Australian Open | 1R (1994) |
| French Open | 2R (1993) |
| US Open | 1R (1993) |


title: Mary Jane Farell

abstract: Mary Jane Farell, also known as Mary Jane Kauder, was an American bridge player. Farell grew up in Cincinnati, Ohio, and "couldn't wait to get home from school to kibitz whenever my mother had the game at our house." The family moved to Los Angeles when she was 17 and she began playing duplicate bridge there "with the young men I dated". She married one of them, Arnold Kauder, who was her mentor. She began teaching bridge after World War II. Mary Jane and Arnold Kauder won the Hilliard Mixed Pairs in 1949 and finished second in 1950. They were second again in 1957, behind Bob Adams and Marilyn Johnson. Johnson and Mary Jane Farell became a strong partnership and won three world championships together. Her second husband Jules Farell died in 2005. Farell was inducted into the ACBL Hall of Fame in 1998.

text:
# Mary Jane Farell

**Mary Jane Farell** (March 12, 1920 – 5 October 2015), also known as **Mary Jane Kauder**, was an American bridge player.

Farell grew up in Cincinnati, Ohio, and "couldn't wait to get home from school to kibitz whenever my mother had the game at our house." The family moved to Los Angeles when she was 17 and she began playing duplicate bridge there "with the young men I dated". She married one of them, Arnold Kauder, who was her mentor. (They divorced.) She began teaching bridge after World War II.

Mary Jane and Arnold Kauder won the Hilliard Mixed Pairs (a secondary "national" championship after 1946) in 1949 and finished second in 1950. They were second again in 1957, behind Bob Adams and Marilyn Johnson. Johnson and Mary Jane Farell became a strong partnership and won three world championships together.

Her second husband Jules Farell died in 2005.

Farell was inducted into the ACBL Hall of Fame in 1998.

## Bridge accomplishments

### Honors

* ACBL Hall of Fame, 1998

### Wins

### Runners-up


title: Vice President of Cameroon

abstract: The Vice President of Cameroon was a political position in Federal Republic of Cameroon. It was abolished in 1972 when the new constitution created unitary state United Republic of Cameroon. The Vice President of Cameroon was English-speaking and the President of Cameroon was French-speaking during the existence of the office. A history of the office holder follows:

text:
# Vice President of Cameroon

**The Vice President of Cameroon** was a political position in Federal Republic of Cameroon. It was abolished in 1972 when the new constitution created unitary state United Republic of Cameroon. The Vice President of Cameroon was English-speaking and the President of Cameroon was French-speaking during the existence of the office.

A history of the office holder follows:

| Image | | Name | Period | Political | President |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | **John Ngu Foncha** (1916–1999) | 1961–1970 | KNDP (til 1966) | ***Ahidjo*** |
|  | | | | CNU (fra 1966) | |
|  |  | **Salomon Tandeng Muna** (1912–2002) | 1970–1972 | CNU | |


title: Vicious Games

abstract: Vicious Games is a song by Swiss group Yello, released in 1985. It was released as the second single from Stella. Vicious Games appears on the band's compilation album Essential Yello.

text:
# Vicious Games

**Vicious Games** is a song by Swiss group Yello, released in 1985. It was released as the second single from Stella. Vicious Games appears on the band's compilation album Essential Yello.

## Background

Vicious Games was released on 27 February 1985, with a video shot in Yello's Rote Fabrik (Red Factory) working space, featuring Blank and actress Mirjam Montandon miming to Rush Winters' vocals (Winters was not available for the video shoot).

## Track listing

**7" single**

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Vicious Games" | Boris Blank, Dieter Meier | 4:20 |
| 2. | "Blue Nabou" | Boris Blank, Dieter Meier | 3:19 |

**12" single**

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Vicious Games (Club Mix)" | Boris Blank, Dieter Meier | 6:00 |
| 2. | "Vicious Games (Instrumental)" | Boris Blank, Dieter Meier | 4:12 |

## Charts

| Chart (1985) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Switzerland (Swiss Hitparade) | 5 |
| US Dance Club Songs | 8 |
| Australia ARIA Charts | 60 |
| Germany GfK Entertainment charts | 15 |

## Re-releases

"Vicious Games" has been re-released a number of times over the years, with different remixes. In 1993, with remixes by Mark Picchiotti, Teri Bristol and Maurice Joshua. In 1998, a version released as by **Yello vs. Hardfloor** came with a plethora of remixes over three 12-inch vinyls, with an additional Art of Trance remix released in 1999. Six more remixes of the Yello vs. Hardfloor version was released in 2010.

### 1993

* Vicious Games (Yello Belly Trippin' Trance Mix) – 6:38
* Vicious Games (Vicious Radio Mix) – 4:34
* Vicious Games (Mo's Dirty Ol Dub #1) – 7:15
* Vicious Games (Vicious Vocal Club Mix) – 7:14

### 1995

Three remixes by The Grid were released on different formats of the *Hands on Yello* compilation.

* Vicious Games (12" Edit) – 4:44
* Vicious Games (Ambient Mix) – 4:34
* Vicious Games (Instrumental Acid) – 8:15

### 1998

* Vicious Games (Hardfloor Remix) – 7:05
* Vicious Games (Slow Vocal Mix) – 6:05
* Vicious Games (Hardfloor Dub Mix) – 5:48
* Vicious Games (Slow Dub Mix) – 5:21
* Vicious Games (Boris Blank & Olaf Wollschläger Remix) – 6:34
* Vicious Games (Vorsprung Durch Technik Remix) – 8:34
* Vicious Games (Da Bomb Mix) – 6:49
* Vicious Games (Blank & Jones Mix) – 6:39
* Vicious Games (Headroom Mix) – 6:53
* Vicious Games (Gorgeous Mix) – 5:20

### 1999

* Vicious Games (Art of Trance Remix) – 8:07

### 2010

* Vicious Games (Koen Groeneveld Remix) – 7:41
* Vicious Games (Manuel de la Mare Remix) – 6:47
* Vicious Games (Addy van der Zwan & R3hab Remix) – 6:37
* Vicious Games (Markus Gardeweg Remix) – 7:22
* Vicious Games (Frank Ellrich Remix) – 6:11
* Vicious Games (Lemon Popsicle Remix) – 6:57

## InfoBox

| "Vicious Games" | |
| --- | --- |
| Cover of the 12 inch single | |
| Single by Yello | |
| from the album  *Stella* | |
| B-side | "Blue Nabou" |
| Released | February 27, 1985 (1985-02-27) |
| Genre | Synthpop |
| Length | 4:20 |
| Label | Elektra |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Producer(s) | Yello |
| Yello singles chronology | |
| "Let Me Cry"
(1983) "**Vicious Games**"
(1985) "Desire"
(1985) | |
|  | |
| Music video | |
| "Vicious Games" on YouTube | |
|  | |


title: Vic (name)

abstract:
Vic and Vik are short forms of the given names Victor and Viktor. Notable people and characters with these names include:
  - Vik Adhopia, Canadian radio reporter
  - Vic Aldridge (1893–1973), American Major League Baseball pitcher
  - Vic Althouse, Canadian politician
  - Vik Armen, stage name of Canadian country music singer and songwriter Bryan Fustukian
  - Vik Barn, better known as Vikkstar123, English YouTuber and Internet personality
  - Vic Bellamy, American football player
  - Vic Chesnutt (1964–2009), American singer-songwriter
  - Vic Chou, Taiwanese actor, singer and commercial model
  - Vic Cianca (1918–2010), American police officer
  - Vic Damone (1928–2018), American singer and entertainer
  - Vic Dana, American actor and singer
  - Vic Davalillo (1939–2023), Venezuelan baseball player
  - Vic Dhillon, Canadian politician
  - Vic Dickenson (1906–1984), African-American jazz trombonist
  - Vic Duggan (1910–2007), Australian speedway racer who won the London Riders' Championship in 1947
  - Vic Elford (1935–2022), English sportscar racing, rallying and Formula One driver
  - Vic Fuentes, American singer, songwriter and musician
  - Vic Godard, British singer-songwriter formerly of the punk group Subway Sect
  - Vic Grimes, American professional wrestler
  - Vic Howe (1929–2015), Canadian professional ice hockey player
  - Vic Janowicz (1930–1996), American college and National Football League halfback, member of the College Football Hall of Fame
  - Vic Juris (1953–2019), American jazz guitarist
  - Vic Kulbitski (1921–1998), American football player
  - Vik Lalić, Croatian footballer and coach
  - Vic Lee (disambiguation), multiple people
  - Vic Lewis (1919–2009), British jazz guitarist and bandleader
  - Vic Maile (1943–1989), British record producer
  - Vic Mignogna, American voice actor and musician
  - Vic Mizzy (1916–2009), American composer
  - Vic Morrow (1929–1982), American actor
  - Vik Muniz, Brazilian artist and photographer
  - Vic Nyvall, American football player
  - Vic Perrin (1916–1989), American actor and voice artist
  - Vic Peters (1955–2016), Canadian curler
  - Vic Raschi (1919–1988), American baseball pitcher
  - Vic Reeves, English comedian
  - Vic Ross (1900–1974), American lacrosse player
  - Vic Rouse (disambiguation), multiple people
  - Vic Ruggiero, American musician, songwriter and producer from New York City
  - Vik Sahay, Canadian film and television actor
  - Vic Seixas (1923–2024), American tennis player
  - Vik Sharma, British film and television composer
  - Vic Snyder, American politician from the US state of Arkansas
  - Vic Sotto, Filipino actor and comedian
  - Vic Stasiuk (1929–2023), Canadian professional ice hockey left winger
  - Vic Stollmeyer (1916–1999), West Indian cricketer
  - Vic Tanny (1912–1985), American bodybuilder and entrepreneur
  - Vic Tayback (1930–1990), American actor
  - Vic Toews, Canadian politician
  - Vic Wunderle, American archer

text:
# Vic (name)

**Vic** and **Vik** are short forms of the given names Victor and Viktor. Notable people and characters with these names include:

* Vik Adhopia, Canadian radio reporter
* Vic Aldridge (1893–1973), American Major League Baseball pitcher
* Vic Althouse (born 1937), Canadian politician
* Vik Armen, (born 1937) stage name of Canadian country music singer and songwriter Bryan Fustukian
* Vik Barn (born 1995), better known as Vikkstar123, English YouTuber and Internet personality (Vik is not short for Viktor but Vikram)
* Vic Bellamy (born 1963), American football player
* Vic Chesnutt (1964–2009), American singer-songwriter
* Vic Chou (born 1981), Taiwanese actor, singer and commercial model
* Vic Cianca (1918–2010), American police officer
* Vic Damone (1928–2018), American singer and entertainer
* Vic Dana (born 1940), American actor and singer
* Vic Davalillo (1939–2023), Venezuelan baseball player
* Vic Dhillon (born 1969), Canadian politician
* Vic Dickenson (1906–1984), African-American jazz trombonist
* Vic Duggan (1910–2007), Australian speedway racer who won the London Riders' Championship in 1947
* Vic Elford (1935–2022), English sportscar racing, rallying and Formula One driver
* Vic Fuentes (born 1983), American singer, songwriter and musician
* Vic Godard, British singer-songwriter formerly of the punk group Subway Sect
* Vic Grimes (born 1963), American professional wrestler
* Vic Howe (1929–2015), Canadian professional ice hockey player
* Vic Janowicz (1930–1996), American college and National Football League halfback, member of the College Football Hall of Fame
* Vic Juris (1953–2019), American jazz guitarist
* Vic Kulbitski (1921–1998), American football player
* Vik Lalić (born 1976), Croatian footballer and coach
* Vic Lee (disambiguation), multiple people
* Vic Lewis (1919–2009), British jazz guitarist and bandleader
* Vic Maile (1943–1989), British record producer
* Vic Mignogna (born 1962), American voice actor and musician
* Vic Mizzy (1916–2009), American composer
* Vic Morrow (1929–1982), American actor
* Vik Muniz (born 1961), Brazilian artist and photographer
* Vic Nyvall (born 1948), American football player
* Vic Perrin (1916–1989), American actor and voice artist
* Vic Peters (1955–2016), Canadian curler
* Vic Raschi (1919–1988), American baseball pitcher
* Vic Reeves (born 1959), English comedian
* Vic Ross (1900–1974), American lacrosse player
* Vic Rouse (disambiguation), multiple people
* Vic Ruggiero, American musician, songwriter and producer from New York City
* Vik Sahay, Canadian film and television actor
* Vic Seixas (1923–2024), American tennis player
* Vik Sharma, British film and television composer
* Vic Snyder (born 1947), American politician from the US state of Arkansas
* Vic Sotto (born 1954), Filipino actor and comedian
* Vic Stasiuk (1929–2023), Canadian professional ice hockey left winger
* Vic Stollmeyer (1916–1999), West Indian cricketer
* Vic Tanny (1912–1985), American bodybuilder and entrepreneur
* Vic Tayback (1930–1990), American actor
* Vic Toews (born 1952), Canadian politician
* Vic Wunderle (born 1976), American archer

## Fictional characters and mascots

* Vic Mackey, an Immigration and Customs Enforcement agent in the crime drama series *The Shield*
* Vic Rattlehead, mascot of heavy metal band Megadeth
* Vic Romano, character (co-host) of the game show *MXC*
* Vic Windsor, on the ITV soap opera *Emmerdale*
* Lady Vic, in the DC Comics universe
* Vic the Demon, mascot of Northwestern State University
* Vic, the title character of the children's TV series *Vic the Viking*
* Vegas Vic, the unofficial name for the sign of the now-defunct Pioneer Club casino, in Las Vegas
* Vic, a bull villager in the video game series *Animal Crossing*


title: Vic Aanensen

abstract: Vic Aanensen is a former Australian rules footballer who played with South Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL) and Port Melbourne in the Victorian Football Association (VFA) during the 1970s and 1980s. A ruckman, Aanensen started his career with Port Melbourne in 1970. He was picked up by South Melbourne in the VFL for the 1973 season and went on to play 40 games for the club before returning to Port Melbourne without a clearance. He played a total of 129 for Port Melbourne in his two stints at the club. He won the J. J. Liston Trophy twice in his VFA career, in 1979 and 1981, and was a three time best and fairest winner and three time premiership player for Port Melbourne. In 2003 he was chosen as the second ruckman in Port's official 'Team of the Century'.

text:
# Vic Aanensen

**Vic Aanensen** (born 16 January 1953) is a former Australian rules footballer who played with South Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL) and Port Melbourne in the Victorian Football Association (VFA) during the 1970s and 1980s.

A ruckman, Aanensen started his career with Port Melbourne in 1970. He was picked up by South Melbourne in the VFL for the 1973 season and went on to play 40 games for the club before returning to Port Melbourne without a clearance. He played a total of 129 for Port Melbourne in his two stints at the club. He won the J. J. Liston Trophy twice in his VFA career, in 1979 and 1981, and was a three time best and fairest winner and three time premiership player for Port Melbourne. In 2003 he was chosen as the second ruckman in Port's official 'Team of the Century'.

1. Murray Hubbard (13 July 1970). "It's Port". *The Sun News-Pictorial*. Melbourne. p. 51.
2. Marc Fiddian (4 April 1977). "Cook helps Port to win and $1000". *The Age*. Melbourne. p. 24.

## InfoBox

| Vic Aanensen | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Nickname(s) | Stretch | | |
| Date of birth | (1953-01-16) 16 January 1953 | | |
| Height | 198 cm (6 ft 6 in) | | |
| Weight | 99 kg (218 lb) | | |
| Playing career1 | | | |
| Years | **Club** | **Games (Goals)** |
| 1970–72, 1977–82 | Port Melbourne (VFA) | 129 |
| 1973–1976 | South Melbourne (VFL) | 040 (30) |
| 1 Playing statistics correct to the end of 1982. | | | |
| Career highlights | | | |
|  | | | |
| Sources: AFL Tables, AustralianFootball.com | | | |


title: Vic Aicken

abstract: Albert Victor Aicken was a Northern Irish professional footballer who played in the Football League for Brentford as a right half.

text:
# Vic Aicken

**Albert Victor Aicken** (29 October 1914 – 1972) was a Northern Irish professional footballer who played in the Football League for Brentford as a right half.

## Career

Aicken began his career in his native Northern Ireland with Glentoran, before joining English First Division club Brentford for a £1,000 fee prior to the beginning of the 1937–38 season. He failed to force centre half Joe James from his position and spent much of his time with the Bees in the reserve team. Aicken made three appearances for Brentford, at left and right half. The outbreak of the Second World War in August 1939 ultimately ended Aicken's professional career. He guested for Clapton Orient, West Ham United, Watford and Reading during the war, but remained with Brentford until making his final appearances during the 1942–43 season. He then returned to Northern Ireland.

## Career statistics

Appearances and goals by club, season and competition
| Club | Season | League | | | FA Cup | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Brentford | 1938–39 | First Division | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| Career total | | | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 |

## Honours

**Glentoran**

## InfoBox

Vic Aicken
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Albert Victor Aicken | | |
| Date of birth | 29 October 1914 | | |
| Place of birth | Belfast, Ireland | | |
| Date of death | 1972 (aged 5758) | | |
| Place of death | Fulham, England | | |
| Position(s) | Right half | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
|  | Glentoran |  |  |
| 1937–1943 | Brentford | 3 | (0) |
| 1941–1944 | Clapton Orient (guest) |  |  |
| 1942 | West Ham United (guest) |  |  |
| 1942 | Watford (guest) |  |  |
|  | Reading (guest) |  |  |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Victor Westerholm

abstract: Victor Axel Westerholm was a Finnish landscape painter, especially known for founding the Önningeby artists' colony.

text:
# Victor Westerholm

**Victor Axel Westerholm** (4 January 1860 Turku – 19 November 1919 Turku) was a Finnish landscape painter, especially known for founding the Önningeby artists' colony.

## Biography

Victor Axel Westerholm was born in Turku in 1860. He was the son of Viktor Westerholm, a ship's master, and Maria Westerholm (née Andersson). As a child he spent a lot of time at the island of Nagu in the Finnish Archipelago. From 1869 to 1878 he studied at the Finnish Art Society's Drawing School in Turku, under Robert Wilhelm Ekman (1808–1873) and Thorsten Waenerberg (1846–1917); and as a young man he studied under Eugen Dücker (1841–1916) in Düsseldorf from 1878-1880. Much later he studied under Jules Joseph Lefebvre(1836–1911) at the Académie Julian in Paris from 1888-1890.

In 1888 he became a teacher at the school of the Society of Art in Turku, and in 1891 became the director of the Turku art museum.

In 1880 he first time visited Åland Islands and subsequently returned there almost every summer. He often painted winter landscapes and sunsets at his summer home, "Tomtebo", bought in 1884 at the village of Önningeby in the Municipality of Jomala on Åland in the Baltic Sea. A studio has also been built there. After completing his studies in Düsseldorf in 1886, he invited Fredrik Ahlstedt, Hanna Rönnberg and Elin Danielson to the newly acquired Tomtebo by the Lemström canal, thus beginning the Önningeby artists' colony (*Önningebykolonin*). Several artists arrived to Ålands that summer. Visiting artists who spent time in Önningeby include J.A.G. Acke, Hanna Rönnberg, Elin Danielson-Gambogi, Edvard Westman and Elias Muukka. J.A.G. Acke also became his close, life-long friend. Since 1992 Önningeby-museet in Önningeby has exhibited a permanent exhibition of works by the Önningeby artists’ colony.

Westerholm was an instructor at Turku drawing school in 1887–1898 and 1904–1917. In 1891, he was elected as the curator of the newly formed Art Association in Turku.

## Personal life

In 1885, he married Hilma Alander, whom he met at a dancing course in Turku. She was not a painter, but Victor encouraged her to take courses at the Turku Drawing School. They had three daughters and two sons. One daughter, Greta Westerholm, was born in Ålands. Westerholm lived in Turku where he died in November 1919 from a flu that turned into pneumonia.

He was calm and thoughtful personality, but also had a good sense of humour. Together with his wife they were rather hospitable hosts on Önningeby. He preferred freedom to paint, but still accepted students and provided instructions at the colony, keeping silence in case he was unsatisfied with a student's work.

## Memory

A monument, dedicated to Victor Westerholm, designed by his student Wäinö Aaltonen, was envailed by Lemström Canal near his summer house Tomtebo in 1960.

## Works

1. "Victor Westerholm". Biografiskt lexikon för Finland. Retrieved January 1, 2019.
2. The International Studio, v. 33 No. 130 – December, 1907. edited by Charles Holme, Guy Eglinton, Peyton Boswell, William Bernard McCormick, Henry James Whigham. Victor Westerholm, Finnish Landscape Painter. Google Books
3. Reitala, Aimo (23 September 2015). "Westerholm, Victor (1860 - 1919)". *Kansallisbiografia*. Retrieved 9 July 2020.
4. "The Önningeby artists' colony". konstmuseum. Retrieved January 1, 2019.
5. "visitaland.com – The Önningeby colony". Archived from the original on 2011-07-16. Retrieved 2010-11-04.
6. Ekström, Kjell (2023). *Ida, Anna and Elin: Three Members of the Önningeby Artists' Colony*. Önningebymuseet, UAB BALTO print. ISBN 978-952-69688-5-8.
7. Kuvaja, Sini (18 February 2017). "Tunnetko tämän taiteen kultakauden mestarin Noormarkusta? Aikansa kapinallinen eli ja maalasi rohkeasti". *Satakunnan Kansa*. Retrieved 16 May 2020.
8. Valjakka, Timo (30 May 2020). "Hienovaraisesti poliittinen maalaus katsoo länteen Venäjän keisarikunnan läntisimmällä kohdalla Ahvenanmaalla". *Helsingin Sanomat*. Retrieved 4 August 2020.

Media related to Victor Westerholm at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Victor Westerholm | |
| --- | --- |
| Westerholm in 1914–1917 | |
| Born | Victor Axel Westerholm
(1860-01-04)4 January 1860
Turku, Grand Duchy of Finland, Russian Empire (now Finland) |
| Died | 19 November 1919(1919-11-19) (aged 59)
Turku, Finland |
| Nationality | Finnish |
| Known for | Painting |


title: Victor Joris

abstract: Victor Joris (1929–2013) was an American fashion designer and fashion illustrator. He was active between 1945 until the 1970s.

text:
# Victor Joris

**Victor Joris** (1929–2013) was an American fashion designer and fashion illustrator. He was active between 1945 until the 1970s.

## Biography

Born April 25, 1929, in Shreveport, Louisiana. He attended C.E. Byrd High School. He went on to study fashion at Traphagen School of Fashion in New York City, graduating in 1945 in Costume Design and Sketching. He moved to Paris and studied at School Of Chambre Syndicale De La Couture Parisienne (École de la Chambre Syndicale de la Couture Parisienne) which is part of Fédération Française de la Couture. In Paris he was an assistant to fashion designers, Christian Dior and Pierre Balmain. Joris served two years in the United States Army, followed by a move to Hollywood to work for Columbia Pictures. At Columbia he worked with movie costume designer, Jean Louis. He eventually moved back to New York City and worked with Cuddlecoat New York and with the Jones Apparel Group, where he designed the Christian Dior Designer Sportswear Collection and the Jones New York line of women's apparel.

Joris pioneered the design of women's apparel including pantsuits, long coats and long sweater jackets.

His fashion design work was frequently featured publications such as Harper’s Bazaar and Women’s Wear Daily. Joris won a Special Award from the Coty Award in 1965 as a young designer and he won the Coty Award "Winnie" in 1969 for his Cuddlecoat New York designs. Some of his clients included Jacqueline Kennedy, Lady Bird Johnson, Pat Nixon, Julie Christie.

In the 1970s, after retiring from fashion, Joris began dog breeding and showing Shih Tzu dogs.

## Death and legacy

He died March 12, 2013, at the age of 83, in Shreveport, Louisiana and was laid to rest in Northwest Louisiana Veteran's Cemetery in Keithville, Louisiana.

Joris' work is in public permanent collections including the Metropolitan Museum of Art, Philadelphia Museum of Art, among others.

## InfoBox

| Victor Joris | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1929-04-25)April 25, 1929
Shreveport, Louisiana, U.S. |
| Died | March 12, 2013(2013-03-12) (aged 83)
Shreveport, Louisiana, U.S. |
| Resting place | Northwest Louisiana Veteran's Cemetery |
| Alma mater | Traphagen School of Fashion,
École de la chambre syndicale de la couture parisienne |
| Occupation | Fashion Designer |
| Years active | 1945–1970s |
| Awards | Coty Award (1969) |


title: Victor Blanchard Scheffer

abstract: Victor Blanchard Scheffer was an American biologist and the author of eleven books relating to natural history. He was born in Manhattan, Kansas and moved to Washington state at a young age. His father, Theophilus H. Scheffer (1866-1966), was an associate biologist for the United States Bureau of Biological Survey for 27 years, who focused on wildlife management in the Pacific Northwest.

text:
# Victor Blanchard Scheffer

**Victor Blanchard Scheffer** (November 27, 1906 – September 20, 2011) was an American biologist and the author of eleven books relating to natural history. He was born in Manhattan, Kansas and moved to Washington state at a young age. His father, Theophilus H. Scheffer (1866-1966), was an associate biologist for the United States Bureau of Biological Survey for 27 years, who focused on wildlife management in the Pacific Northwest.

## Early years and education

Scheffer received his bachelor of science in 1930, his master of science in 1932, and his doctorate in zoology in 1936, all at the University of Washington in Seattle. In 1937, he began his scientific career as a biologist for the United States Bureau of Biological Survey, where he remained for three years. Scheffer investigated fishes and invertebrates in the Aleutian Islands of Alaska from 1936-1938, a survey overseen by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. From 1940 to 1969, Scheffer was an employee in various (he also did the bottle challenge) sections of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. His work for the Fish and Wildlife Service included a study of the food of the Alaska fur seal and the anatomy and pelage of the northern fur seal

## Later years

Scheffer's first book, *Seals, Sea Lions, and Walruses: A Review of the Pinnepedia*, was published by Stanford University Press in 1958. He remained working in the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service until 1969. Scheffer also was a lecturer for the Ecology Department at the University of Washington between 1966 and 1972. He served as chairman of the initial United States Marine Mammal Commission from 1973-1976. Dr. Scheffer was a founding member of the advisory board of BirdNote, a radio show about birds, and dedicated to education and conservation.

His 1969 prize winning book *The Year of the Whale* became a popular classic of marine biology. That book, called "remarkable" by Christopher Lehmann-Haupt, received wide attention and appeared on American best-seller lists. In a review in the New York Times, famed naturalist Loren Eiseley wrote that "Scheffer knows, as Melville knew, that it is an 'unwritten life' he seeks to chronicle. Even the modern zoologist can gain, at best, only glimpses of the lives of these mysterious and transformed creatures.... It is just this interweaving of the known with the unknown that makes 'The Year of the Whale' a volume to be treasured." The Year of the Whale won the 1970 John Burroughs Medal, recognizing it as the previous year's best natural history book.

Scheffer's follow-up book was a companion volume titled *The Year of the Seal*, which was also well-received critically. He went on to write a total of eleven books on topics in the fields of natural history, environmentalism, and zoology. These books included a memoir of his career, an analysis of modern environmentalism, and books for children, along with several additional popular works on the natural history of marine mammals.

## InfoBox

| Victor Blanchard Scheffer | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1906-11-27)November 27, 1906<br>Manhattan, Kansas, U.S. |
| Died | September 20, 2011(2011-09-20) (aged 104) |
| Alma mater | University of Washington |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | natural history |
|  | |


title: María Auxiliadora Balladares

abstract: María Auxiliadora Balladares Uquillas is an Ecuadorian writer and professor at Universidad San Francisco de Quito.

text:
# María Auxiliadora Balladares

**María Auxiliadora Balladares Uquillas** (born 1980) is an Ecuadorian writer and professor at Universidad San Francisco de Quito.

## Biography

María Auxiliadora Balladares was born in Guayaquil in 1980. She received bachelor of arts degrees in sociology and liberal arts at Universidad San Francisco de Quito, followed by a master's at the Pontifical Catholic University of Ecuador. She earned a PhD in Latin American literature at the University of Pittsburgh in 2018 with the dissertation *Una rara inocencia: el debilitamiento de la metáfora en Dalton, Alegría, Ledesma Vázquez y Watanabe* (A Rare Innocence: The Weakening of the Metaphor in Dalton, Alegría, Ledesma Vázquez, and Watanabe).

She began her literary career by publishing stories that appeared in various local anthologies. With the story "Jamón serrano", she won second place at the tenth Pablo Palacio Short Story Biennial.

Her first book was the short story collection *Las vergüenzas* (The Shames), published in 2013. It is made up of ten stories, and was well received by Ecuadorian critics. The story "En el sótano" (In the Cellar), originally written in 1999, tells the story of two children who discover their father's homosexual relationship with the man he had passed off as his brother for years.

In 2017, Balladares published the poetry collection *Animal*, which was inspired by her affinity for wildlife and her relationship with the wilderness. The work took second place at the seventh Cuenca Festival de la Lira.

Her poetry collection *Guayaquil* won first prize at the 2017 Pichincha Poetry Awards. The work, published in 2019 by the Provincial Council of Pichincha, brings together 22 poems that present the author's experiences during a trip to Guayaquil as a poetic journal. The writer and literary critic Daniela Alcívar Bellolio highlighted the book's exploration of themes such as the female body, loss, and lesbian love. She also pointed out the poem "A mí también me gusta Marosa di Giorgio" (I Also Like Marosa di Giorgio) as one of the most powerful in the work.

At the end of 2022, Balladares published the poetry collection *Acantile duerme piloto*, which included twelve love poems. With it, she won the 2023 Jorge Carrera Andrade Award, given by the municipality of Quito to the best poetry book of the year.

## Works

* *Las vergüenzas* (2013), short stories
* *Todos creados en un abrir y cerrar de ojos* (2015), essay

### Poetry

* *Animal* (2017)
* *Guayaquil* (2019)
* *Caballo y arveja* (2021)
* *Acantile duerme piloto* (2022)

## InfoBox

| María Auxiliadora Balladares | |
| --- | --- |
| In 2020 | |
| Born | María Auxiliadora Balladares Uquillas
1980 (age 4344)
Guayaquil, Ecuador |
| Education |  |
| Occupation(s) | Writer, professor |
| Awards | Jorge Carrera Andrade Award (2023) |


title: María Auxiliadora Delgado

abstract: María Auxiliadora Delgado San Martín was an Uruguayan civil servant, health advocate, and wife of President Tabaré Vázquez. She served as First Lady of Uruguay from 2005 to 2010 and from 2015 up to her death in 2019.

text:
# María Auxiliadora Delgado

**María Auxiliadora Delgado San Martín** (11 March 1937 – 31 July 2019) was an Uruguayan civil servant, health advocate, and wife of President Tabaré Vázquez. She served as First Lady of Uruguay from 2005 to 2010 and from 2015 up to her death in 2019.

## Early life

Auxiliadora met her husband, Tabaré Vázquez, when he was just 16 years old, and she was 19 years old. She worked for the Caja de Jubilaciones y Pensiones (Pension Fund) for 32 years before her retirement.

## First Lady

Auxiliadora's signature initiative as First Lady was a national program to improve dental health and oral hygiene. She oversaw the national campaign, with an emphasis on students from rural schools and communities. Her program, Plan Bucal, which was launched in 2005, has provided dental services to more than 100,000 children across Uruguay, as of 2015. In December 2015, the General Assembly of Uruguay honored her with an award for her work.

The First Lady rarely granted interviews during her tenures.

## Death

She died of a heart attack on 31 July 2019. Her husband survived her by 16 months, dying of cancer in December 2020. Both are buried at Cementerio de La Teja, Montevideo.

## Bibliography

* Vierci, Pablo (2015). *Ellas 5*. Montevideo: Aguaclara. ISBN 9789974994232.

## InfoBox

| María Auxiliadora Delgado | |
| --- | --- |
| Auxiliadora in 2007 | |
|  | |
| First Lady of Uruguay | |
| **In role**
1 March 2015  31 July 2019 | |
| President | Tabaré Vázquez |
| Preceded by | Lucía Topolansky |
| Succeeded by | Lorena Ponce de León (2020) |
| **In role**
1 March 2005  2 March 2010 | |
| President | Tabaré Vázquez |
| Preceded by | Mercedes Menafra |
| Succeeded by | Lucía Topolansky |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | María Auxiliadora Delgado San Martín
(1937-03-11)11 March 1937
Montevideo, Uruguay |
| Died | 31 July 2019(2019-07-31) (aged 82)
Montevideo, Uruguay |
| Spouse | Tabaré Vázquez (m. 1964) |
| Children | Álvaro, Fabián, Ignacio, Javier |
|  | |


abstract: Venezuela competed at the 2009 World Championships in Athletics from 15–23 August. A team of 2 athletes was announced in preparation for the competition.

text:
# Venezuela at the 2009 World Championships in Athletics

**Venezuela** competed at the **2009 World Championships in Athletics** from 15–23 August. A team of 2 athletes was announced in preparation for the competition.

## Team selection

## InfoBox

| Venezuela at the<br>2009 World Championships in Athletics | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| WA code | VEN |
| in Berlin | |
| Competitors | 2 |
| Medals | Gold 0 Silver 0 Bronze 0 Total 0 |
| World Championships in Athletics appearances | |
|  | |
|


# Venezuela at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics

A total 21 Venezuelan athletes participated in 9 sports at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics in Singapore.

## Medalists

| Medal | Name | Sport | Event | Date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Silver | Cristian Quintero | Swimming | Youth Men's 200m Freestyle Final | 16 Aug |
| Silver | Samuel Zapata | Boxing | Men's Light Welter 64kg | 25 Aug |
| Bronze | Génesis Rodríguez | Weightlifting | Women's 48 kg | 15 Aug |
| Bronze | Cristian Quintero | Swimming | Youth Men's 400m Freestyle Final | 15 Aug |
| Bronze | Fradimil Macayo | Boxing | Men's Feather 57kg | 24 Aug |
| *Bronze* | *Pedro Pineda* | *Judo* | *Mixed Event* | *25 Aug* |

## Boxing

Boys

| Athlete | Event | Preliminaries | Semifinals | Final | Rank |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Fradimil Macayo | Featherweight (57kg) | Jakub Chval (CZE)
**W** **15**–2 | Elvin Isayev (AZE)
**L** **6**–10 | *3rd place bout*
Denislav Suslekov (BUL)
**W** **8**–3 |  |
| Samuel Zapata | Light Welterweight (64kg) | Lyndell Marcellin (LCA)
**W** **11**–0 | Fabián Maidana (ARG)
**W** **4**–2 | Ričardas Kuncaitis (LTU)
**L** **6**–12 |  |

## Diving

Boys

| Athlete | Event | Preliminary | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Points | Rank | Points | Rank |
| Robert Páez | Boys’ 3m Springboard | 452.65 | 11 **Q** | 458.70 | 12 |
| | Boys’ 10m Platform | 464.50 | 5 **Q** | 483.20 | 5 |

Girls

| Athlete | Event | Preliminary | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Points | Rank | Points | Rank |
| Beannelys Velasquez | Girls’ 3m Springboard | 342.45 | 9 **Q** | 359.20 | 10 |

## Fencing

Group Stage

| Athlete | Event | Match 1 | Match 2 | Match 3 | Match 4 | Match 5 | Seed |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Maria Carreno | Girls’ Sabre | Seo (KOR)
**W** **5**–4 | Ciardullo (ITA)
**L** **1**–5 | Boudad (FRA)
**L** **2**–5 | Ahmed (EGY)
**L** **4**–5 | Egoryan (RUS)
**L** **3**–5 | 11 |

Knock-Out Stage

| Athlete | Event | Round of 16 | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Final | Rank |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Maria Carreno | Girls’ Sabre | Egoryan (RUS)
**L** **7**–15 | Did not advance | | | 11 |
| **Americas 2**
Maria Carreno (VEN)
Guilherme Melaragno (BRA)
Mona Shaito (USA)
Miguel Breault-Mallette (CAN)
Clara Isabel Di Tella (ARG)
Redys Prades Rosabal (CUB) | Mixed Team | Africa
**W** **28**–25 | Europe 1
**L** **17**–30 | *5th–8th*
Europe 3
**L** **23**–30 | *7th–8th*
Asia-Oceania 2
**W** **28**–27 | 7 |

## Gymnastics

### Artistic Gymnastics

Boys

| Athlete | Event | Floor | | Pommel Horse | | Rings | | Vault | | Parallel Bars | | Horizontal Bar | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Score | Rank | Score | Rank | Score | Rank | Score | Rank | Score | Rank | Score | Rank | Score | Rank |
| Junior Rojo | Boys' Qualification | 13.600 | 21 | 11.800 | 31 | 13.450 | 21 | 15.000 | 21 | 13.350 | 17 | 12.300 | 35 | 79.500 | 29 |

Girls

| Athlete | Event | Vault | | Uneven Bars | | Beam | | Floor | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Score | Rank | Score | Rank | Score | Rank | Score | Rank | Score | Rank |
| Kosthia Requena | Girls' Qualification | 13.200 | 23 | 12.000 | 21 | 13.150 | 14 | 12.550 | 18 | 50.900 | 16 **Q** |
| | Girls' Individual All-Around | 13.350 | 15 | 11.150 | 16 | 13.250 | 9 | 12.150 | 15 | 49.900 | 15 |

## Judo

Individual

| Athlete | Event | Round 1 | Round 2 | Round 3 | Semifinals | Final | Rank |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Opposition
Result | Opposition
Result | Opposition
Result | Opposition
Result | Opposition
Result | |
| Pedro Pineda | Boys' −100 kg | Villalba (ARG)
**W** **021**–100 | Igarashi (JPN)
**L** **000**–021 | *Repechage*
Glusac (SRB)
**L** **000**–100 | Did not advance | | 9 |

Team

| Team | Event | Round 1 | Round 2 | Semifinals | Final | Rank |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Opposition
Result | Opposition
Result | Opposition
Result | Opposition
Result | |
| **Cairo**
Neha Thakur (IND)
Mansurkhuja Muminkhujaev (UZB)
Christine Huck (AUT)
Ioan Visan (ROU)
Andrea Guillen (CRC)
Eldin Omerovic (BIH)
Barbara Matić (CRO)
Pedro Pineda (VEN) | Mixed Team | Birmingham
**W** **5**–2 | Hamilton
**W** **4**–4 (**3**–2) | Essen
**L** **2**–5 | Did not advance |  |

## Swimming

**Boys**

| Athlete | Events | Heat | | Semifinal | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Time | Position | Time | Position | Time | Position |
| Cristian Quintero | 50m Freestyle | 23.41 | 6 **Q** | 23.25 | 7 **Q** | 23.70 | 8 |
| | 100m Freestyle | 50.82 | 2 **Q** | 50.55 | 3 **Q** | 50.47 | 4 |
| | 200m Freestyle | 1:50.93 | 2 **Q** |  | | 1:49.98 |  |
| | 400m Freestyle | 3:54.91 | 2 **Q** |  | | 3:53.44 |  |
| Juan Sequera | 200m Individual Medley | 2:06.64 | 15 | Did not advance | | | |
|

**Girls**

| Athlete | Events | Heat | | Semifinal | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Time | Position | Time | Position | Time | Position |
| Bieliukas Trejo Oriana | 100m Freestyle | 58.90 | 25 | Did not advance | | | |
| Erika Torreallas | 100m Butterfly | 1:01.72 | 11 **Q** | 1:01.78 | 12 | Did not advance | |
|

## Tennis

Singles

| Athlete | Event | Round 1 | Round 2 | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Final | Rank |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Ricard Rodriguez | Boys' Singles | Olivo (ARG)
**W** **2**–0
(**7**–6, **6**–3) | Baluda (RUS)
**L** **1**–2
(**2**–6, **6**–4, **3**–6) | Did not advance | | |  |
| Adriana Pérez | Girls' Singles | Kumkhum (THA)
**L** **1**–2
(**7**–6, **2**–6, **3**–6) | *Consolation*
Rasolomalala (MAD)
**W** **2**–0
(**6**–4, **6**–3) | *Consolation*
Ishizu (JPN)
**L** **0**–2
(**1**–6, **3**–6) | Did not advance | |  |
| Andrea Gámiz | Girls' Singles | Škamlová (SVK)
**L** **0**–2
(**3**–6, **6**–7) | *Consolation*
Puig (PUR)
**W** **2**–1
(**3**–6, **6**–3, \[**11**–9\]) | *Consolation*
Friedsam (GER)
**L** **1**–2
(**2**–6, **7**–5, \[**7**–10\]) | Did not advance | |  |

Doubles

| Athlete | Event | Round 1 | Quarterfinals | Semifinals | Final | Rank |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Diego Galeano (PAR)
Ricardo Rodriguez (VEN) | Boys' Doubles | Huang (TPE)
Uchiyama (JPN)
**W** **2**–0
(**6**–4, **6**–4) | Fernandes (BRA)
Olivo (ARG)
**W** **2**–0
(**6**–4, **6**–4) | Golding (GBR)
Vesely (CZE)
**L** **0**–2
(**3**–6, **2**–6) | *Bronze medal match*
Horanský (SVK)
Kovalík (SVK)
**L** **0**–2
(**5**–7, **4**–6) | 4 |
| Andrea Gámiz (VEN)
Adriana Pérez (VEN) | Girls' Doubles | Čepelová (SVK)
Škamlová (SVK)
**L** **0**–2
(**3**–6, **6**–7) | Did not advance | | |  |

## Triathlon

Girls

| Triathlete | Event | Swimming | Transit 1 | Cycling | Transit 2 | Running | Total time | Rank |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Andrea Arenas | Individual | 10:14 | 0:36 | 33:40 | 0:27 | 23:52 | 1:08:49.53 | 24 |

Men's

| Athlete | Event | Swim (1.5 km) | Trans 1 | Bike (40 km) | Trans 2 | Run (10 km) | Total | Rank |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Carlos Peres | Individual | 8:54 | 0:31 | 29:49 | 0:24 | 17:57 | 57:35.52 | 18 |

Mixed

| Athlete | Event | Total Times per Athlete
*(Swim 250 m, Bike 7 km,
Run 1.7 km)* | Total Group Time | Rank |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Andrea Arenas (VEN)**
Gabriel Zumbado (CRC)
Viviana González (COL)
Andres Diaz (COL) | Mixed Team Relay
Americas 4 | **23:17**
20:44
23:30
20:21 | 1:27:52.84 | 14 |
| Jessica Piedra (ECU)
**Carlos Perez (VEN)**
Leslie Amat Alvarez (CUB)
Iuri Vinuto (BRA) | Mixed Team Relay
Americas 3 | 22:30
**19:53**
23:32
20:39 | 1:26:34.25 | 11 |

## Weightlifting

| Athlete | Event | Snatch | Clean & Jerk | Total | Rank |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Juan Prado | Boys' 56kg | 100 | 118 | 218 | 6 |
| Génesis Rodríguez | Girls' 48kg | 71 | 83 | 154 |  |

## Wrestling

Freestyle

| Athlete | Event | Pools | | Final | Rank |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Groups | Rank | | |
| Andry Davila | Boys' 46kg | Rios (PER)
**W** **Fall**
(**7**–0) | 2 | *3rd place match*
Hovhannisyan (ARM)
**L** **0**–2
(**0**–4, **1**–5) | 4 |
| | | Sheikhi (IRI)
**L** **0**–2
(**1**–3, **0**–1) | | | |
| Oriannys Segura | Girls' 46kg | Olli (FIN)
**L** **0**–2
(**0**–1, **1**–5) | 3 | *5th place match*
Holland (AUS)
**W** **2**–0
(**4**–0, **5**–0) | 5 |
| | | Miyahara (JPN)
**L** **0**–2
(**1**–4, **0**–2) | | | |

## InfoBox

| Venezuela at the
2010 Summer Youth Olympics | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| IOC code | VEN |
| NOC | Venezuelan Olympic Committee |
| Website | www.covoficial.com.ve |
| in Singapore | |
| Competitors | 21 in 9 sports |
| Flag bearer | Samuel Zapata |
| Medals
Ranked 63rd | Gold 0 Silver 2 Bronze 3 Total 5 |
| Summer Youth Olympics appearances (overview) | |
|  | |


title: Mary Lyon (writer)

abstract: Mary Lyon is an American columnist, reporter, political commentator, and jeweller. One of the first women to hired at television and radio stations in the Los Angeles area, Lyon was the first female news director at KNAC, the first woman to host a talk show on KLOS, the first woman news director at KHJ and one of the first women to be hired for NBC's The Source. In 2011, she was made a member of Pacific Pioneer Broadcasters.

text:
# Mary Lyon (writer)

**Mary Lyon** is an American columnist, reporter, political commentator, and jeweller. One of the first women to hired at television and radio stations in the Los Angeles area, Lyon was the first female news director at KNAC, the first woman to host a talk show on KLOS, the first woman news director at KHJ and one of the first women to be hired for NBC's The Source. In 2011, she was made a member of Pacific Pioneer Broadcasters.

## Biography

### Early life and education

Lyon grew up in West Los Angeles where she attended Marymount High School. She received a bachelor's degree in Studio Art from the University of California, Irvine in 1975.

### Career

Lyon began her radio career with four years of college radio at UC Irvine's KUCI-FM. One of the first women to hired, she has reported for television and radio stations in the Los Angeles area including KFWB-AM, 1975; KNAC-FM, 1975-76; KLOS-FM, 1976-77; 93KHJ-AM, 1977-79; KRTH-FM, 1982-87; KLSX, 1987, and KTLA-TV. As the news director at KRTH-FM, Los Angeles, she was one of three rotating hosts for *8 O'Clock Talk*. From 1979-1982, she worked for NBC Radio Network's "The Source" in New York and Burbank CA. She joined the Associated Press as West Coast entertainment reporter in 1987, where she remained until 1995.

Lyon is an advocate for causes including responsibility and accountability in media, environmental education and support of the arts for children, and green living. Lyon contributes to *The Huffington Post*, *OpEd News*, *Democrats.us*, *World News Trust*, the *LA Progressive*, and WeDemocrats.org's "We! The People" webzine.

In 1999 Lyon hosted the DIY Network show *DIY Crafts*. Additionally, Lyon was seen frequently as a guest on HGTV's *Smart Solutions* and *The Carol Duvall Show*. Lyon wrote "The Crafty Mom" column for *L.A. Parent* magazine until the magazine folded in 2008.

Following her retirement from radio Lyon has returned to her interest in studio art, designing bead jewelry which has been exhibited around the country. Her original “Gold Nugget” bead design is part of the permanent collection of The Bead Museum in Glendale, Arizona.

## Published works

* *The Frazzled Working Woman's Practical Guide to Motherhood* (Starburst Publishers, 1997)

## Awards

Lyon has won journalism awards including five Golden Mike Awards during her career at KRTH-FM, honors from the Los Angeles Press Club, and the Associated Press Mark Twain Award.

## InfoBox

| Mary Lyon | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | American |
| Occupation(s) | Columnist, reporter, political commentator, and jeweller |


title: Llantwit Fardre RFC

abstract: Llantwit Fardre Rugby Football Club is a rugby union team from the village of Llantwit Fardre, South Wales. The club was formed in its present state in 1946 and obtained membership of the Welsh Rugby Union in 1949. Llantwit Fardre RFC is a feeder club for the Cardiff Rugby

text:
# Llantwit Fardre RFC

**Llantwit Fardre Rugby Football Club** is a rugby union team from the village of Llantwit Fardre, South Wales. The club was formed in its present state in 1946 and obtained membership of the Welsh Rugby Union in 1949. Llantwit Fardre RFC is a feeder club for the Cardiff Rugby

## Early history

'Parish Rugby was played as early as 1886 on the Duffryn Bach field and continued to be played there until 1908 when the team moved to Tynywaun field, Hollybush, where the game continued until the Great War. At about the same time as the senior side, a junior club came into existence. Before 1908 this team played in the field where, later, The Parade and Lewis Street were built.'

A South Wales Daily News article for December 1900 named a Llantwit Fardre team that played Ystrad Stars. Some of these players appear in photographs of the 1908 and 1911 Llantwit Fardre teams in the clubhouse, giving credence to the assumption that Llantwit Fardre RFC was in existence in the season 1900–01.

After the First World War, Llantwit Fardre Rugby Football Club was a member of the Pontypridd and Rhondda League, but little evidence exists after 1926, where it appears the team disbanded.

## History after the Second World War

The present day club was founded in 1946 as a result of a casual meeting at the Carpenter's Arms, Efail Isaf. A public meeting was held at Bethel Baptist Church in The Parade, Church Village, on Wednesday 22 May 1946. This was later to become the site of the new clubhouse in 1961

On Saturday 19 September 1946 the Club played its first match in the Pontypridd & Rhondda League away to Rhondda Transport. The Club colours were black shirts with white collars. From 1946 to the end of the 1949 season home fixtures were played on fields at Duffryn Dowlais Farm. At the beginning of the 1949–50 season the team transferred to the Vicarage Field. Club Headquarters and changing rooms were based at the Cross Inn, Church Village, some distance from the playing fields. Within three seasons the Club achieved membership of the WRU

In 1951 the Llantrisant and Llantwit Fardre Rural District Council made a field available at Cae Fardre, Church Village. It was officially opened on 1 September 1951 with Pontypridd RFC providing the opposition.

## Colours

## Club badge

The club badge comprises a Welsh dragon holding a bunch of five keys, symbolic of St. Illtyd, celebrated as the saint of the five keys. The five keys symbolise:- Youth, Learning, Chivalry, Priesthood and Knighthood.

## Club honours

* 1994-95 Welsh League Division 8A Central - Champions

## Notable former players

* Neil Jenkins \- the first player to break the 1000 points barrier on an international level.

• Ellis Jenkins - WAL

## InfoBox

Llantwit Fardre RFC
| Full name | Llantwit Fardre Rugby Football Club |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | 1899 |
| Location | Llantwit Fardre, Wales |
| Ground(s) | Parc Canol (Capacity: Blue and Gold) |
| President | Mr John Marsh (2022 - ) |
| Coach(es) | Darren Bool |
| League(s) | Men's: WRU Division Two East Central Women's: WRU Championship |
| 2023/24 | 9th |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Official website | |
| www.llantwit-rugby.co.uk | |


title: List of Lamar University alumni

abstract: The List of Lamar University alumni includes notable former students of Lamar University. The term "Lamar Cardinal," which comes from Lamar's mascot "Big Red," a cardinal, refers to current and former students of Lamar University. The class year of each former student indicates the year four years after their enrollment year, and does not necessarily represent graduation year. Lamar University was previously known as Lamar College and Lamar State College of Technology; this list includes students who graduated when Lamar held different names than the one it holds today.

text:
# List of Lamar University alumni

The **List of Lamar University alumni** includes notable former students of Lamar University. The term "Lamar Cardinal," which comes from Lamar's mascot "Big Red," a cardinal, refers to current and former students of Lamar University. The class year of each former student indicates the year four years after their enrollment year, and does not necessarily represent graduation year.

Lamar University was previously known as **Lamar College** and **Lamar State College of Technology** (**Lamar Tech**); this list includes students who graduated when Lamar held different names than the one it holds today.

## Academia

## Athletes and coaches

### Baseball

### Basketball

### Football

### Golf

### Tennis

### Track and field

## Arts

### Film

### Music

### Visual art

### Writers

## Business

## Media

## Military

## Politics


title: Yoshikitty

abstract: Yoshikitty is a Japanese toy and merchandise line created in 2009 as a joint venture between Sanrio and Japanese musician Yoshiki. The character was created by Hello Kitty designer Yuko Yamaguchi. The brand specializes in rock-themed and high fashion goods, and was voted more popular than Hello Kitty in the 2018 Sanrio Character Ranking. Yoshikitty is the first Sanrio character modeled after a real-life person.

text:
# Yoshikitty

**Yoshikitty** (stylized in all lowercase as *yoshikitty*) is a Japanese toy and merchandise line created in 2009 as a joint venture between Sanrio and Japanese musician Yoshiki. The character was created by Hello Kitty designer Yuko Yamaguchi. The brand specializes in rock-themed and high fashion goods, and was voted more popular than Hello Kitty in the 2018 Sanrio Character Ranking. Yoshikitty is the first Sanrio character modeled after a real-life person.

## History

In 2007, Sanrio designer Yuko Yamaguchi approached Yoshiki about writing an official theme song for Hello Kitty, which he premiered at Hello Kitty Con in Los Angeles in 2014. As Yoshiki worked on the song, their conversations inspired Yamaguchi to create an original design merging the character and the musician into "Yoshikitty".

Yoshikitty was revealed in May 2009 at X Japan's concert at Tokyo Dome. In August of the same year, large-scale Yoshikitty balloons were incorporated into the X Japan's stage production. On October 2, 2009, Yoshikitty's second design was revealed at Hello Kitty's 35th Anniversary celebration in Los Angeles.

The documentary film *We Are X* includes a Blu-ray special feature interview with Yamaguchi about her friendship with Yoshiki and the creation of Yoshikitty. A life-size version of Yoshikitty regularly appears at the Sanrio Puroland theme park and on special television events to play piano or drums.

## Design

Yoshikitty's look is modeled closely after Yoshiki, and the character's main features are long blonde hair, purple eyeshadow, and black "rock star" attire. Toys have also been released featuring Yoshikitty wearing Yoshiki's androgynous stage costumes, such as a red and white nurse outfit, a wedding dress, and a "Cinderella" outfit.

## Merchandise

Yoshikitty has been the basis for over 500 products, including high fashion clothing, jewelry, and cosmetic items. In 2019, a limited-edition 18k gold Yoshikitty figurine was released in collaboration with precious metal company Ginza Tanaka, with an estimated retail cost of US$10,000.

## International popularity

Yoshikitty has been nominated in the international Sanrio Character Ranking for nine straight years (since 2015). Yoshikitty was voted more popular than Hello Kitty in the 2018 Sanrio Character Ranking.

In global voting, Yoshikitty has been ranked #1 in Brazil, China, France, Germany, and Thailand.

## InfoBox

| Yoshikitty | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Created by | Yuko Yamaguchi |
| Years | 2009-present |
| Miscellaneous | |
| Theme park attraction(s) | Sanrio Puroland |
| Based on | Yoshiki |
| Official website | |
| https://yoshikitty.shop/ | |


title: Trúc Bạch Lake

abstract: Trúc Bạch Lake is one of the many lakes in the city of Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam. It is known outside Vietnam as the site where future United States politician John McCain landed during the Vietnam War after being shot down. Trúc Bạch Lake is located northwest of Hanoi's Old Quarter, immediately adjacent to the eastern shore of the city's largest lake, the West Lake, a former branch of the Red River whose west bank is nearby. Trúc Bạch Lake was separated from the West Lake by the construction of a narrow dike in the 17th century to allow raising fish. The inhabitants of the Truc Yen Village, located on the south shore of the newly formed lake, were in the business of making bamboo blinds and hence cultivated a small variety of bamboo. In 1957 and 1958, major Thanh Niên Road was built between the lakes. In 1730s, the Trịnh Lord Trịnh Giang had Trúc Lâm Palace constructed on the lake shore. The building first served as a pleasure palace but was later converted into a prison for royal concubines found guilty of crime. The silk they produced, known as "Bamboo Village Silk" became famous for its beauty. The lake front is open only along Thanh Niên Road, the other sides are occupied by houses and residential streets. The lake is among the most seriously polluted in Hanoi. Nearby historical sites include: Quán Thánh Temple to the southwest of the lake, Châu Long Pagoda to the east, An Trì Temple on Phó Đức Chính Street, and Cẩu Nhi temple on a small hill near the northern corner of the lake.

text:
# Trúc Bạch Lake

**Trúc Bạch Lake** (Vietnamese: HồTrúcBạch) is one of the many lakes in the city of Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam. It is known outside Vietnam as the site where future United States politician John McCain landed during the Vietnam War after being shot down.

Trúc Bạch Lake is located northwest of Hanoi's Old Quarter, immediately adjacent to the eastern shore of the city's largest lake, the West Lake (Hồ Tây), a former branch of the Red River whose west bank is nearby. Trúc Bạch Lake was separated from the West Lake by the construction of a narrow dike (Cổ Ngư, "reinforcement") in the 17th century to allow raising fish. The inhabitants of the Truc Yen Village, located on the south shore of the newly formed lake, were in the business of making bamboo blinds and hence cultivated a small variety of bamboo. In 1957 and 1958, major Thanh Niên Road was built between the lakes. In 1730s, the Trịnh Lord Trịnh Giang had Trúc Lâm Palace constructed on the lake shore. The building first served as a pleasure palace but was later converted into a prison for royal concubines found guilty of crime. The silk they produced, known as "Bamboo Village Silk" became famous for its beauty.

The lake front is open only along Thanh Niên Road, the other sides are occupied by houses and residential streets. The lake is among the most seriously polluted in Hanoi. Nearby historical sites include: Quán Thánh Temple to the southwest of the lake, Châu Long Pagoda to the east, An Trì Temple (dedicated to the worship of a hero from the war against the Chinese Yuan dynasty) on Phó Đức Chính Street, and Cẩu Nhi temple on a small hill near the northern corner of the lake.

## Trúc Bạch war monument

On October 26, 1967, during the Vietnam War, US Navy aviator John McCain was shot down by an anti-aircraft missile on a mission against a Hanoi power plant and parachuted wounded into Trúc Bạch Lake. He was dragged out of the water, confronted by angry North Vietnamese and turned over to the military as a prisoner of war. A monument commemorating the capture (not, as sometimes claimed, McCain's detention) was erected in 1985 on the western shore on Thanh Niên Road. Its inscription reads:

> On 26 October 1967 near Trúc Bạch Lake, citizens and military of the capital Hanoi captured US Navy Air Forces pilot Major  \[*sic*\] John Sidney McCain, who was flying an A-4 aircraft that crashed near Yên Phụ power station. This was one of ten aircraft shot down that day.

Although the monument was not built to honor McCain, foreign visitors to Hanoi have chosen to pay respects to him there. In 2015 the monument was cleaned at McCain's request and the inscription was revised to correct his name, remove the derogatory epithet "*tên*", and identify his service branch as Navy rather than Air Force.

## InfoBox

| Trúc Bạch Lake | |
| --- | --- |
| *Hồ Trúc Bạch* (Vietnamese) | |
|  | |
| Trúc Bạch Lake | |
| Location | Hanoi |
| Coordinates | 21°2′44″N 105°50′17″E / 21.04556°N 105.83806°E / 21.04556; 105.83806 |
| Type | oxbow |
| Basin countries | Vietnam |
|  | |
| Max. length | ca 400 m (1,300 ft) |
| Max. width | ca 300 m (980 ft) |
| Surface area | ca 9 ha (22 acres) |
| Surface elevation | ca 15 m (49 ft) |
|  | |
| Islands | a 20 m (66 ft) in the northwest |


abstract: 勲一等旭日桐花大綬章 (literally: 1st Class, Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun, Paulownia Flowers) The Japanese honours system is a system implemented for rewarding awards to Japanese and non-Japanese persons for their achievements and service to Japan. The Emperor is the head of the honors system in Japan. Established during the 1870s shortly after the Meiji Restoration, it was modelled on European systems of orders and decorations. The first order, the Imperial Order of Meiji, was established in 1875, and was later renamed as the Order of the Rising Sun.

text:
# Orders, decorations, and medals of Japan

The **Japanese honours system** is a system implemented for rewarding awards to Japanese and non-Japanese persons for their achievements and service to Japan. The Emperor is the head of the honors system in Japan.

Established during the 1870s shortly after the Meiji Restoration, it was modelled on European systems of orders and decorations. The first order, the Imperial Order of Meiji, was established in 1875, and was later renamed as the Order of the Rising Sun.

## Overview

Orders and decorations in Japan consist of the conferral of honours and awards, medals, and titles (the latter abolished in 1947), which were established during the Meiji period as a system for the state to recognise individuals' achievements.

The Decoration Bureau of the Cabinet Office is responsible for administrative duties relating to the conferment of awards, research on the honours system, and planning. The awarding of honours is one of the prescribed constitutional functions of the Emperor of Japan, with the advice of the Cabinet.

## Recommendation system

Since 2003, the Government of Japan through the Decoration Bureau uses a recommendation system in members of the public can recommend candidates for the honours.

### Process

#### Recommendation from the public

1. A recommender from the public submits an application to the Decoration Bureau. One recommender and two approvers are required for the application to be processed, with applications received throughout the year.
2. Once an application is approved for review, the Decoration Bureau and relevant ministries and agencies conducts research and development.

#### Recommendations from ministries and agencies

1. Ministries and/or government agencies submits an application to the Decoration Bureau.
2. Request for discussions regarding the candidates at Cabinet meetings submitted.
3. Information about potential recipients reported to the Emperor.
4. Official announcement in media.

## Current Orders

### Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum

Established in 1876, this is the premier order of Japan, originally in one class (Grand Cordon) and expanded to two classes (Collar; Grand Cordon) in 1888.

* Collar – The highest possible honour that may be conferred. The Collar is only worn by the reigning Emperor, and is normally only awarded to foreign monarchs as a courtesy. Before 1947, the Collar was also conferred upon extremely eminent Cabinet ministers, senior members of the Imperial family and certain senior military officers of the rank of Marshal. It may be posthumously awarded to extremely distinguished Prime Ministers of Japan; the last such award was to Shinzo Abe in 2022.
* Grand Cordon – Typically conferred upon royals of the Imperial House of Japan, foreign royalty who are not reigning monarchs, certain foreign non-royal Heads of State, and select Japanese Prime Ministers. Until 1947, the Grand Cordon was often conferred upon eminent military officers of the rank of Marshal. Often conferred posthumously.

### Order of the Paulownia Flowers

Established in 1888 as a Special Grand Cordon to the Order of the Rising Sun, it was later made a separate order in 2003. Ordinarily the highest regularly awarded honour, it is conferred in a single class (Grand Cordon); typically awarded to Japanese prime ministers, senior statesmen, select foreign heads of government, distinguished cabinet ministers and jurists. Until 1947, it was also awarded to distinguished military officers of the rank of General or higher, or its equivalents.

### Order of the Rising Sun

The order was established in 1875 as Japan's first order. Awarded in nine classes prior to 2003: The Grand Cordon of the order is typically awarded to foreign heads of government, chairpersons of prominent international organizations and leading politicians, business leaders and diplomats. The second class is typically conferred upon prominent academics, politicians and military officers. The third through sixth classes are ordinarily conferred upon individuals who have made significant contributions to Japan in varying degrees. The 7th and 8th classes of the Order were abolished in 2003, and the Special First Class of the Order was renamed the Order of the Paulownia Flowers.

* 1st Class: Grand Cordon
* 2nd Class: Gold and Silver Star
* 3rd Class: Gold Rays with Neck Ribbon
* 4th Class: Gold Rays with Rosette
* 5th Class: Gold and Silver Rays
* 6th Class: Silver Rays

### Order of the Sacred Treasure

This order was established in 1888 as the Imperial Order of Meiji in eight classes. Since the revision of the honours system in 2003, the Order of the Sacred Treasure has been awarded to civil servants for their long-term contributions. They include government and local officials, military personnel, scholars of national universities, and school teachers. For example, from 2014, the former Chief of Staff, Joint Staff is awarded Grand Cordon of the Order of the Sacred Treasure at the age of 70. The 7th and 8th classes were abolished in 2003.

* 1st Class: Grand Cordon
* 2nd Class: Gold and Silver Star
* 3rd Class: Gold Rays with Neck Ribbon
* 4th Class: Gold Rays with Rosette
* 5th Class: Gold and Silver Rays
* 6th Class: Silver Rays

### Order of Culture

Established in 1937, this is a single-class order of merit to honour those who have made outstanding contributions to Japanese culture. Japanese Nobel Laureates are awarded the Order of Culture.

### Order of the Precious Crown

Established in 1888 in five classes, the order expanded to seven classes in 1896. The 7th class of the order was abolished sometime after the Second World War. It was initially awarded to select foreigners who were not eligible for a higher honour but subsequently only awarded to women. From 2003, with the opening of the Order of the Rising Sun to Japanese women, the order has only been awarded to foreign females.

* 1st Class: Grand Cordon
* 2nd Class: Peony Class
* 3rd Class: Butterfly Class
* 4th Class: Wisteria Class
* 5th Class: Apricot Class
* 6th Class: Ripple Class

### Medals of Honour

Established in 1881, the Medals of Honour honour individuals who have made distinguished achievements in their respective fields of society. The different medal categories can be seen below.

* Medal with Red Ribbon
* Medal with Green Ribbon
* Medal with Yellow Ribbon
* Medal with Purple Ribbon
* Medal with Blue Ribbon
* Medal with Dark Blue Ribbon

### Medals of current orders and their classes

The current types of Japanese orders, their classes and medals can be seen below.

| Name (original name in Japanese above) and image | | Remarks |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **大勲位菊花章**
Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum | | The highest order of merit in Japan. |
| |  | 大勲位菊花章頸飾
Collar of the Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum |
| | 大勲位菊花大綬章
Grand Cordon of the Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum |
| 桐花章
Order of the Paulownia Flowers | | The Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun or the Grand Cordon of the Order of the Sacred Treasure is awarded to persons who have distinguished themselves through their service or achievements. |
| |  | 桐花大綬章
Grand Cordon of the Order of the Paulownia Flowers |
| 旭日章
Order of the Rising Sun | | Awarded to persons for their meritorious service to the state or the public. |
| |  | 旭日大綬章
Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun |
| | 旭日重光章
Order of the Rising Sun, Gold and Silver Star |
| | 旭日中綬章
Order of the Rising Sun, Gold Rays with Neck Ribbon |
| | 旭日小綬章
Order of the Rising Sun, Gold Rays with Rosette |
| | 旭日双光章
Order of the Rising Sun, Gold and Silver Rays |
| | 旭日単光章
Order of the Rising Sun, Silver Rays |
| 瑞宝章
Order of the Sacred Treasure | | Awarded to persons who have rendered years of meritorious service to the state or the public. |
| |  | 瑞宝大綬章
Grand Cordon of the Order of the Sacred Treasure |
| | 瑞宝重光章
Order of the Sacred Treasure, Gold and Silver Star |
| | 瑞宝中綬章
Order of the Sacred Treasure, Gold Rays with Neck Ribbon |
| | 瑞宝小綬章
Order of the Sacred Treasure, Gold Rays with Rosette |
| | 瑞宝双光章
Order of the Sacred Treasure, Gold and Silver Rays |
| | 瑞宝単光章
Order of the Sacred Treasure, Silver Rays |
| 文化勲章
Order of Culture | | Awarded to persons who have distinguished themselves in terms of cultural development. |
| 宝冠章
Order of the Precious Crown | | Only women are eligible for the award. The award is given in special cases, such as ceremonial decorations for female members of the Imperial Family or foreign nationals. |
| |  | 宝冠大綬章
Grand Cordon of the Order of the Precious Crown |
| | 宝冠牡丹章
Order of the Precious Crown, Peony Class |
| | 宝冠白蝶章
Order of the Precious Crown, Butterfly Class |
| | 宝冠藤花章
Order of the Precious Crown, Wisteria Class |
| | 宝冠杏葉章
Order of the Precious Crown, Apricot Class |
| | 宝冠波光章
Order of the Precious Crown, Ripple Class |
|

## Conferral of decoration diplomas

In addition to the decorations, the recipient to one of the orders is also awarded a decoration diploma. The diploma is a certificate bearing the name of the recipient, the name of the order awarded, the date of the award, the name of the awarding authority, etc., along with the State Seal of Japan. The text and content of the diploma according to the type of decoration. All the text in the diplomas is written vertically.

```
日本国天皇は　○ ○ ○ ○　に
　　○ ○ ○ ○　　を授与する
皇居においてみずから名を署し
璽をおさせる
御名国璽
令和○年○月○日
　　内閣総理大臣○○○○印
　　　内閣府賞勲局長○○○○印
第○○○○号
```

```
The Emperor of Japan will confer [name of the order]
to [name of recipient].
At the Imperial Palace, you will be asked to
sign and seal your name.
Imperial Seal
Reiwa YYYY MM DD
     Prime Minister [name and personal seal]
     Director-General, Cabinet Office Decoration Bureau [name and personal seal]
Number XXXX
```
* For recipients of other orders and honours:

```
日本国天皇は○ ○ ○ ○に
　 ○ ○ ○ ○　を授与する
皇居において璽をおさせる
国璽
令和○年○月○日
　　 内閣総理大臣○○○○印
　　　　 内閣府賞勲局長○○○○印
第○○○○号
```

```
The Emperor of Japan will confer [name of the order]
to [name of recipient].
At the Imperial Palace, you will be asked to
sign and seal your name.
State Seal
Reiwa YYYY MM DD
     Prime Minister [name and personal seal]
     Director-General, Cabinet Office Decoration Bureau [name and personal seal]
Number XXXX
```

In cases where signature of the Emperor and State Seal is affixed at a location other than the Tokyo Imperial Palace, e.g., Akasaka Palace, the diplomas will reflect the change and use "Akasaka Palace" instead.

The National Printing Bureau, an independent administrative agency of the Government of Japan, handles papermaking and printing of the diplomas for the decoration. In addition to the text, signature, Imperial Seal, and State Seal mentioned above, the design of the awarded order is imprinted on the medal. This model is printed using the decalcomania technique. In this technique, a skilled craftsman manually adds colours to the transfer paper one by one, which takes several days. In addition, a chrysanthemum crest is printed just above the centre of the medal. This chrysanthemum crest was also created by applying pure gold powder after gold under-printing, and then performing blank pressing (embossing).

## Criteria for honours (Japanese nationals)

In order for Japanese nationals to be awarded, they must meet certain criteria specified by the Government of Japan.

| Criteria for the conferral of orders | |
| --- | --- |
| **Grand Cordon, Supreme Order of the Chrysanthemum** | The highest conferred honour given for exceptional merit |
| **Grand Cordon, Order of the Paulownia Flowers** | For an exemplary and distinguished level of merit |
| **Grand Cordon, Order of the Rising Sun** | For highly distinguished national and/or public service |
| **Grand Cordon, Order of the Sacred Treasure** | For long and distinguished national and/or public service |
| **Second - sixth classes, Order of the Rising Sun** | For those cited for outstanding achievement |
| **Second - sixth classes, Order of the Sacred Treasure** | For long and distinguished public service |
| **Order of Culture** | For particularly significant achievements in regards to the furthering of cultural development |

| Criteria for the Medals of Honour | |
| --- | --- |
| **Medal with Red Ribbon** | Awarded to individuals who have risked their lives to save others |
| **Medal with Green Ribbon** | Awarded to morally remarkable individuals who have made voluntarily participated in saving society |
| **Medal with Yellow Ribbon** | Awarded to individuals who have become public role models |
| **Medal with Purple RIbbon** | Awarded to individuals who have contributed to academic and artistic developments, improvements and achievements. |
| **Medal with Blue Ribbon** | Awarded to individuals who have made efforts in areas of public interest and welfare |
| **Medal with Dark Blue Ribbon** | Awarded to individuals who have made generous financial contributions for the good of the public |

## Statistics

As of November 2021, a total of 150,632 orders have been conferred upon living Japanese nationals since 2003, when the honours system was overhauled. These include 19 awards of the Order of the Paulownia Flowers, 34,593 awards of the Order of the Rising Sun and 116,020 awards of the Order of the Sacred Treasure. Of those decorations, the Order of the Sacred Treasure (77.02% of the total, all classes) is the most commonly conferred decoration, followed by the Order of the Rising Sun (22.97% of the total, all classes). The Order of the Paulownia Flowers is conferred the most rarely, at only 0.13% of the total number of decorations awarded since 2003.

Per class of decoration, excluding the Order of the Chrysanthemum, the breakdown of decorations awarded by level since 2003 is as follows:

* 354 awards at the level of Grand Cordon (0.24% of total)
* 1,744 at the level of Gold and Silver Star (1.16% of total)
* 11,917 at the level of Gold Rays with Neck Ribbon (7.91% of total)
* 33,461 at the level of Gold Rays with Rosette (22.21% of total)
* 58,466 at the level of Gold and Silver Rays (38.81% of total)
* 44,690 at the level of Silver Rays (29.67% of total)

Since 2003, the most commonly conferred decorations by class and level in the top five categories as of 2021 have been:

1. Silver Rays of the Order of the Sacred Treasure (40,564 awards; 26.93% of total)
2. Gold and Silver Rays of the Order of the Sacred Treasure (38,268 awards; 25.40% of total)
3. Gold Rays with Rosette of the Order of the Sacred Treasure (25,692 awards; 17.06% of total)
4. Gold and Silver Rays of the Order of the Rising Sun (20,198 awards; 13.41% of total)
5. Gold Rays with Neck Ribbon of the Order of the Sacred Treasure (10,104 awards; 6.71% of total)

For the year 2021, 8,172 decorations were conferred in the following numbers upon living Japanese:

* Order of the Paulownia Flowers (0 awards; 0.000% of total)
    + Grand Cordon: 0
* Order of the Rising Sun (1,912 awards; 23.40% of total)
    + Grand Cordon: 4
    + Gold and Silver Star: 19
    + Gold Rays with Neck Ribbon: 89
    + Gold Rays with Rosette: 370
    + Gold and Silver Rays: 1,056
    + Silver Rays: 374
* Order of the Sacred Treasure (6,260 awards; 76.60% of total)
    + Grand Cordon: 4
    + Gold and Silver Star: 67
    + Gold Rays with Neck Ribbon: 611
    + Gold Rays with Rosette: 1,328
    + Gold and Silver Rays: 2,040
    + Silver Rays: 2,188

## Past system

### 2003 revision

In the system before the 2003 revision, titles consisted of two parts, the class number (*kuntō*) and the decoration. For example:

* 勲一等旭日桐花大綬章 (literally: 1st Class, Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun, Paulownia Flowers)
* 勲一等旭日大綬章 (literally: 1st Class, Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun)
* 勲二等旭日重光章 (literally: 2nd Class, The Order of the Rising Sun, Gold and Silver Star)

although their official English translations did not have these class numbers. The 2003 revision removed the class part from the titles, thus:

* 桐花大綬章 (Grand Cordon of the Order of the Paulownia Flowers)
* 旭日大綬章 (Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun)
* 旭日重光章 (The Order of the Rising Sun, Gold and Silver Star)

1. "Supreme Orders of the Chrysanthemum".
2. Iwakura, N, & Fujigashi, J (January 1965). 日本の勲章-日本の表彰制度 (trans., Japanese Medals: Japan's Commendation System). Daiichi Hoki Publishing.
3. "Decorations and Medals in Japan - Cabinet Office Home Page". *www8.cao.go.jp*. Retrieved 2022-08-20.
4. Decoration Bureau. "Decorations and medals: Praising the glory". Cabinet Office. Retrieved from https://www.cao.go.jp/en/pmf/pmf\_8.pdf.
5. Decoration Bureau. "Decorations and medals: Praising the glory", p.1. Cabinet Office. Retrieved from https://www.cao.go.jp/en/pmf/pmf\_8.pdf .
6. "Japan honors ex-PM Abe with highest decoration, wake held in Tokyo".
7. Grand Cordon of the Order of the Paulownia Flowers
8. Orders of the Rising Sun
9. Decoration Bureau. "Decorations and medals: Praising the glory", p. 2. Cabinet Office. Retrieved from https://www.cao.go.jp/en/pmf/pmf\_8.pdf .
10. "勲章の種類及び授与対象 : 日本の勲章・褒章 - 内閣府". *www8.cao.go.jp* (in Japanese). Retrieved 2022-09-03.
11. "勲章及び褒章の英訳名 : 日本の勲章・褒章 - 内閣府". *www8.cao.go.jp* (in Japanese). Retrieved 2022-09-03.
12. Sato, Masaki (2007). *Medals and honours*. Jiji Gahosha.
13. "勲章の種類及び授与対象" (in Japanese).
14. Decoration Bureau. "Decorations and medals: Praising the glory", p. 2. Cabinet Office. Retrieved from https://www.cao.go.jp/en/pmf/pmf\_8.pdf .
15. Cabinet Office Decorations and Medals Bureau. "春秋叙勲受章者数（勲章別、年別、春秋別）（平成15年～）" (PDF) (in Japanese). Retrieved 2016-03-12.
16. 勲章及び褒章の英訳名 \[English translations of Orders and Honours\]. *Cabinet Office, Government of Japan* (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 2003-02-19. (pre-2003 codes)
17. 勲章及び褒章の英訳名 \[English translations of Orders and Honours\]. *Cabinet Office, Government of Japan* (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 2003-12-11. (post-2003 codes)


title: Tabernacle (Methodist)

abstract: In Methodism, a tabernacle is the center of a camp meeting, where revival services occur. These evangelistic services are aimed at preaching the two works of grace in Methodism: (1) the New Birth and (2) entire sanctification. They additionally call backsliders to repentance. Tabernacles may be constructed in a cruciform-shaped fashion and are most often made of wood. Like the interior of many Methodist churches, in the center of the tabernacle is an altar upon which the Eucharist is consecrated; a pulpit stands near it and is used by preachers to deliver sermons. The area of the tabernacle housing the altar and pulpit is delimited by the mourner's bench, which is used by congregants during altar calls. Surrounding the tabernacle itself are usually several cabins and/or tents, where people stay while attending the camp meeting.

text:
# Tabernacle (Methodist)

In Methodism (inclusive of the holiness movement), a **tabernacle** is the center of a camp meeting, where revival services occur. These evangelistic services are aimed at preaching the two works of grace in Methodism: (1) the New Birth and (2) entire sanctification. They additionally call backsliders to repentance. Tabernacles may be constructed in a cruciform-shaped fashion and are most often made of wood. Like the interior of many Methodist churches, in the center of the tabernacle is an altar upon which the Eucharist is consecrated; a pulpit stands near it and is used by preachers to deliver sermons. The area of the tabernacle housing the altar and pulpit is delimited by the mourner's bench, which is used by congregants during altar calls. Surrounding the tabernacle itself are usually several cabins and/or tents, where people stay while attending the camp meeting.


title: Liberia National Olympic Committee

abstract: Liberia National Olympic Committee is the National Olympic Committee (NOC) representing Liberia.

text:
# Liberia National Olympic Committee

**Liberia National Olympic Committee** (IOC code: **LBR**) is the National Olympic Committee (NOC) representing Liberia.

## InfoBox

Liberia National Olympic Committee
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Country/Region | Liberia |
| Code | LBR |
| Created | 1954 |
| Recognized | 1955 |
| Continental<br>Association | ANOCA |
| Headquarters | Monrovia |
| President | Mr Philipbert S. Browne |


title: Pan Asia Bank

abstract: Pan Asia Banking Corporation PLC is a public limited company incorporated in Sri Lanka. The bank currently has 85 branches across Sri Lanka. A public limited liability company incorporated in Sri Lanka on 6 March 1995 under the Companies Act No. 17 of 1982 and re-registered under the Companies Act No.07 of 2007. A licensed commercial bank under the banking Act No.30 of 1988 and listed in the Colombo Stock Exchange. PABC's major shareholder is Dhammika Perera. Fitch Rating BBB− (lka) - Outlook 'Stable'.

text:
# Pan Asia Bank

**Pan Asia Banking Corporation PLC** is a public limited company incorporated in Sri Lanka. The bank currently has 85 branches across Sri Lanka. A public limited liability company incorporated in Sri Lanka on 6 March 1995 under the Companies Act No. 17 of 1982 and re-registered under the Companies Act No.07 of 2007. A licensed commercial bank under the banking Act No.30 of 1988 and listed in the Colombo Stock Exchange. PABC's major shareholder is Dhammika Perera. Fitch Rating BBB− (lka) - Outlook 'Stable'.

## InfoBox

Pan Asia Banking Corporation PLC
|
|  |
| Company type | Public |
| Traded as | CSE: PABC.N0000 |
| ISIN | LK0346N00003 |
| Industry | Financial services |
| Founded | March 6, 1995 (1995-03-06) |
| Headquarters | Kollupitiya, Colombo, Sri Lanka |
| Number of locations | 85 branches (2022) |
| Key people | * S. B. Rangamuwa (Chairman) * Aravinda Perera (Deputy chairman) * Naleen Edirisinghe (Managing Director/CEO) |
| Revenue | LKR25.813 billion (2022) |
| Operating income | LKR8.606 billion (2022) |
| Net income | LKR2.001 billion (2022) |
| Total assets | LKR208.049 billion (2022) |
| Total equity | LKR20.617 billion (2022) |
| Owners |  |
| Number of employees | 1,403 (2022) |
| Website | www.pabcbank.com |
| **Footnotes / references**<br> | |


title: Payne v. City of Charlottesville

abstract: Payne v. City of Charlottesville is a 2017 lawsuit opposing the removal of Confederate monuments and memorials in Charlottesville, Virginia. The plaintiffs filed the original complaint on March 20, 2017. In May 2017 the judge stated that the statues would not be moved before November 2017 at the soonest. In June 2018 the judge ruled that the city counselors would not have personal legal immunity for certain errors they could have made in their response to the lawsuit.

text:
# Payne v. City of Charlottesville

***Payne v. City of Charlottesville*** is a 2017 lawsuit opposing the removal of Confederate monuments and memorials in Charlottesville, Virginia.

The plaintiffs filed the original complaint on March 20, 2017.

In May 2017 the judge stated that the statues would not be moved before November 2017 at the soonest.

In June 2018 the judge ruled that the city counselors would not have personal legal immunity for certain errors they could have made in their response to the lawsuit.

## Proposed removal

In an open-air press conference beside the *Robert E. Lee* statue in March 2016, Charlottesville's vice mayor Wes Bellamy called on Charlottesville City Council to remove the statue and rename Lee Park. He said that the statue's presence "disrespected" parts of the community, and that he had "spoken with several different people who have said they have refused to step foot \[*sic*\] in to that park because of what that statue and the name of that park represents. And we can't have that in the city of Charlottesville"

Local NAACP head Rick Turner spoke in support of removal, calling Lee a "terrorist". Others accused the city council and Bellamy of disregarding Lee's historical significance and how important he was to Virginia, of sowing division, and of trying to rewrite history. A petition to remove the statue was initiated, with wording saying the statue represented "hate" and was a "subliminal message of racism".

In April 2016, the city council decided to appoint a special commission, named the Blue Ribbon Commission on Race, Monuments and Public Spaces, to recommend to city officials how to best handle issues surrounding statues of Stonewall Jackson (*Thomas Jonathan Jackson*) in Court Square and Lee in Lee Park, as well as other landmarks and monuments. Early in November 2016, the Blue Ribbon Commission voted 6–3 to let both statues remain in place. On November 28, 2016, it voted 7–2 to remove the Lee statue to McIntire Park in Charlottesville and 8–1 to keep the Jackson statue in place, delivering a final report with that recommendation to Charlottesville City Council in December.

On February 6, 2017, Charlottesville's five-member city council voted three votes to two to remove the Lee statue and, unanimously, to rename Lee Park.

In response, a lawsuit was filed on March 20 by numerous plaintiffs, including the Monument Fund Inc, the Sons of Confederate Veterans, and descendants of the statue's donor and sculptor, to block the removal of the Lee and Jackson statues. The lawsuit sought a temporary injunction to halt the removal, arguing that Charlottesville City Council's decision violated a state law designed to protect American Civil War monuments and memorials, and that the council had additionally violated the terms of McIntire's gift to Charlottesville of the statue and the land for Lee Park. The city responded by asking that the temporary injunction be denied, arguing that the two statues were not erected to commemorate the Civil War and therefore the Virginia statute protecting war monuments does not apply.

In April 2017, the city council voted three to two (exactly along the lines of the February vote) that the statue be removed completely from Charlottesville and sold to whoever the Council chooses.

On May 2, 2017, Judge Richard Moore issued a temporary injunction blocking the removal of the *Robert E. Lee* statue for six months, in the public's interest, pending a court decision in the suit.

Sometime overnight between Friday July 7 and Saturday July 8, the statue was vandalized by being daubed in red paint. It had been vandalized before; in June 2016 the pedestal was spray painted with the words "Black Lives Matter".

## Shrouding

On August 20, 2017, the city council unanimously voted to shroud the statue, and that of Stonewall Jackson, in black. The Council "also decided to direct the city manager to take an administrative step that would make it easier to eventually remove the Jackson statue." The statues were covered in black shrouds on August 23, 2017. The tarp was removed in February 2018 by order of a judge.

## InfoBox

| Payne v. City of Charlottesville | |
| --- | --- |
| Court | Charlottesville Circuit Court - Civil Division |