title: Oncopera fasciculatus

abstract: Oncopera fasciculatus, the underground grassgrub, is a moth of the family Hepialidae endemic to South Australia and Victoria.

text:
# Oncopera fasciculatus

***Oncopera fasciculatus***, the **underground grassgrub**, is a moth of the family Hepialidae endemic to South Australia and Victoria.

## InfoBox

| *Oncopera fasciculatus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Hepialidae |
| Genus: | *Oncopera* |
| Species: | ***O. fasciculatus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Oncopera fasciculatus***<br>(Walker, 1869) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Hepialus fasciculatus* Walker, 1869 * *Oncopera faciulata* d’Abrera, 1974 | |


title: Unison (video)

abstract: Unison is the first home video by Canadian singer Celine Dion, released on VHS on 2 July 1991. It includes the music videos from her English debut album, Unison (1990).

text:
# Unison (video)

***Unison*** is the first home video by Canadian singer Celine Dion, released on VHS on 2 July 1991. It includes the music videos from her English debut album, *Unison* (1990).

## Background

This collection features never before used version of "Calling You," previously unreleased version of Dion's breakthrough hit "Where Does My Heart Beat Now" (Canadian black-and-white version mixed with the US performance version), plus exclusive interviews with Dion at her home.

Three videos: "Délivre-moi," "Have a Heart," and "Calling You" were filmed during the Unison Tour at the Winter Garden Theatre in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and later shown in the 1991 MusiMax TV special.

In the United States, the US version of "(If There Was) Any Other Way" from 1991 was included; in Canada, the Canadian version from 1990. This VHS was made in both English and in French. The two contain similar interviews conducted in both languages.

*Unison* home video was certified Gold in Canada on 1 May 1992.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Where Does My Heart Beat Now" (special version) |  |  |
| 2. | "(If There Was) Any Other Way" | Paul Bliss |  |
| 3. | "The Last to Know" | * Brock Walsh * Phil Galdston |  |
| 4. | "Délivre-moi" (live) |  |  |
| 5. | "Have a Heart" (live) |  |  |
| 6. | "Calling You" (live) | Bob Telson |  |
| 7. | "Unison" |  |  |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Canada (Music Canada) | Gold | 5,000^ |
| ^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## Release history

| Region | Date | Label | Format | Catalog |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| United States | 2 July 1991 | Epic | VHS | 49920 |
| Canada | 11 July 1991 | | Columbia | * 80164 (English) * 80165 (French) |
| Australia | 1991 | | Epic | 49920 |

## InfoBox

| Unison | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Video by Celine Dion | |
| Released | 2 July 1991 (1991-07-02) |
| Recorded | 1990–91 |
| Genre | Pop |
| Length | 45:00 |
| Label | Sony Music Video |
| Celine Dion chronology | |
| ***Unison***
(1991) *The Colour of My Love Concert*
(1995) | |


title: 1967 IAAF World Race Walking Cup

abstract: The 1967 IAAF World Race Walking Cup was held in Bad Saarow, German Democratic Republic, on October 15, 1967. The event was also known as Lugano Trophy. Complete results were published.

text:
# 1967 IAAF World Race Walking Cup

The **1967 IAAF World Race Walking Cup** was held in Bad Saarow, German Democratic Republic, on October 15, 1967. The event was also known as Lugano Trophy.

Complete results were published.

## Medallists

| Event | Gold | | Silver | | Bronze | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Men** | | | | | | |
| 20 km walk | Nikolay Smaga (URS) | 1:28:39 | Vladimir Golubnichiy (URS) | 1:28:58 | Ron Laird (USA) | 1:29:13 |
| 50 km walk | Christoph Höhne (GDR) | 4:09:09 | Peter Selzer (GDR) | 4:11:40 | Aleksandr Shcherbina (URS) | 4:13:07 |
| **Men (Team)** | | | | | | |
| Team | East Germany | 128 pts | Soviet Union | 107 pts | United Kingdom | 104 pts |

## Results

### Men's 20 km

| Place | Athlete | Nation | Time |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Nikolay Smaga | Soviet Union (URS) | 1:28:39 |
|  | Vladimir Golubnichiy | Soviet Union (URS) | 1:28:58 |
|  | Ron Laird | United States (USA) | 1:29:13 |
| 4 | Gerhard Sperling | East Germany (GDR) | 1:30:15 |
| 5 | Peter Frenkel | East Germany (GDR) | 1:30:30 |
| 6 | Peter Fullager | Great Britain (GBR) | 1:31:34 |
| 7 | Hans-Joachim Pathus | East Germany (GDR) | 1:33:07 |
| 8 | John Webb | Great Britain (GBR) | 1:33:56 |
| 9 | Ron Wallwork | Great Britain (GBR) | 1:34:54 |
| 10 | Julius Müller | West Germany (FRG) | 1:35:00 |
| 11 | Bernhard Nermerich | West Germany (FRG) | 1:35:37 |
| 12 | Åke Söderlund | Sweden (SWE) | 1:36:02 |
| 13 | Karl-Heinz Pape | West Germany (FRG) | 1:36:06 |
| 14 | István Göri | Hungary (HUN) | 1:36:09 |
| 15 | Pasquale Busca | Italy (ITA) | 1:36:22 |
| 16 | Tom Dooley | United States (USA) | 1:37:21 |
| 17 | János Dalmati | Hungary (HUN) | 1:37:53 |
| 18 | Andor Antal | Hungary (HUN) | 1:38:03 |
| 19 | Örjan Andersson | Sweden (SWE) | 1:38:15 |
| 20 | Gabriele Nigro | Italy (ITA) | 1:40:48 |
| 21 | Ingvar Pettersson | Sweden (SWE) | 1:41:39 |
| 22 | Jack Mortland | United States (USA) | 1:42:14 |
| 23 | Gennadiy Solodov | Soviet Union (URS) | 1:48:24 |
|  | Nicola De Vito | Italy (ITA) | DNF |

### Men's 50 km

| Place | Athlete | Nation | Time |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Christoph Höhne | East Germany (GDR) | 4:09:09 |
|  | Peter Selzer | East Germany (GDR) | 4:11:40 |
|  | Aleksandr Shcherbina | Soviet Union (URS) | 4:13:07 |
| 4 | Kurt Sakowski | East Germany (GDR) | 4:13:52 |
| 5 | Sergey Bondarenko | Soviet Union (URS) | 4:21:52 |
| 6 | Don Thompson | Great Britain (GBR) | 4:25:21 |
| 7 | Stig Lindberg | Sweden (SWE) | 4:28:53 |
| 8 | Ray Middleton | Great Britain (GBR) | 4:29:23 |
| 9 | Shaun Lightman | Great Britain (GBR) | 4:31:24 |
| 10 | Igor Della-Rossa | Soviet Union (URS) | 4:31:28 |
| 11 | István Havasi | Hungary (HUN) | 4:33:01 |
| 12 | Gerhard Weidner | West Germany (FRG) | 4:35:25 |
| 13 | Horst-Rüdiger Magnor | West Germany (FRG) | 4:36:53 |
| 14 | Max Sjöholm | Sweden (SWE) | 4:40:21 |
| 15 | Sante Mancini | Italy (ITA) | 4:41:26 |
| 16 | Antonio De Gaetano | Italy (ITA) | 4:41:49 |
| 17 | Goetz Klopfer | United States (USA) | 4:46:42 |
| 18 | Werner Hupfeld | West Germany (FRG) | 4:50:46 |
| 19 | Luigi De Rosso | Italy (ITA) | 4:51:50 |
| 20 | James Clifton | United States (USA) | 4:57:07 |
| 21 | János Szabó | Hungary (HUN) | 5:02:53 |
| 22 | Larry Young | United States (USA) | 5:06:08 |
| 23 | Tibor Balajcza | Hungary (HUN) | 5:18:05 |
|  | Stefan Ingvarsson | Sweden (SWE) | DNF |

### Team

The team rankings, named Lugano Trophy, combined the 20km and 50km events team results.

| Place | Country | Points |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | East Germany | 128 pts |
|  | Soviet Union | 107 pts |
|  | United Kingdom | 104 pts |
| 4 | West Germany | 73 pts |
| 5 | Sweden | 52 pts |
| 6 | United States | 50 pts |
| 7 | Hungary | 46 pts |
| 8 | Italy | 40 pts |
| 9 | South Africa | DNS |

## Participation

The participation of 48 athletes from 8 countries is reported.

## Qualifying rounds

From 1961 to 1985 there were qualifying rounds with the first two winners proceeding to the final. This year, the German Democratic Republic, the United Kingdom, Hungary, the United States, and the Republic of South Africa proceeded directly to the final.

Countries qualifying for the final are highlighted in green

## InfoBox

| 1967 IAAF World Race Walking Cup | |
| --- | --- |
| Organisers | IAAF |
| Edition | 4th |
| Date | October 15 |
| Host city | Bad Saarow, Bezirk Frankfurt (Oder), German Democratic Republic |
| Events | 2 |
| Participation | 48 athletes from <br>8 nations |
| 1965 Pescara 1970 Eschborn | |


title: Stone Castle

abstract: Stone Castle is a castle at Stone, near Bluewater in Kent, England. It was built between 1135 and 1140 on the site where William the Conqueror signed a treaty with the men of Kent in 1067.

text:
# Stone Castle

**Stone Castle** is a castle at Stone, near Bluewater in Kent, England. It was built between 1135 and 1140 on the site where William the Conqueror signed a treaty with the men of Kent in 1067.

## History

It was owned by the Wiltshire family, which included Bridget Wingfield, a close friend of Anne Boleyn, whose correspondence was used to help condemn the queen for adultery. In 1527, it was visited by Thomas Wolsey, Thomas More and the Earl of Derby. This was around the time Henry was first battling to marry Anne Boleyn, who lived at Hever Castle twenty miles away.

During World War II, the RAF occupied the castle. It is now owned by Blue Circle, and the land was leased to Land Securities in 2000. It is now occupied by a Private Ambulance Company, Savoy Ventures.

51°26′36″N 0°16′40″E / 51.44333°N 0.27778°E / 51.44333; 0.27778


title: Wilamowice, Lower Silesian Voivodeship

abstract: Wilamowice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ciepłowody, within Ząbkowice Śląskie County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.

text:
# Wilamowice, Lower Silesian Voivodeship

**Wilamowice** \[vilamɔˈvit͡sɛ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ciepłowody, within Ząbkowice Śląskie County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.

## InfoBox

| Wilamowice | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Wilamowice | |
| Coordinates: 50°40′54″N 16°59′22″E / 50.68167°N 16.98944°E / 50.68167; 16.98944 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Lower Silesian |
| County | Ząbkowice Śląskie |
| Gmina | Ciepłowody |


title: Orthogonius acrogonus

abstract: Orthogonius acrogonus is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Orthogoniinae. It was described by Wiedemann in 1819.

text:
# Orthogonius acrogonus

***Orthogonius acrogonus*** is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Orthogoniinae. It was described by Wiedemann in 1819.

## InfoBox

| *Orthogonius acrogonus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Carabidae |
| Genus: | *Orthogonius* |
| Species: | ***O. acrogonus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Orthogonius acrogonus***<br>(Wiedemann, 1819) | |
|


title: Oncopera

abstract: Oncopera is a genus of moths of the family Hepialidae. There are 12 described species, all endemic to Australia. The larvae usually feed on grasses, although that of O. intricata has been recorded on strawberry.

text:
# Oncopera

***Oncopera*** is a genus of moths of the family Hepialidae. There are 12 described species, all endemic to Australia. The larvae usually feed on grasses, although that of *O. intricata* has been recorded on strawberry.

## Species

* Food plant: *Poa*
* Larva recorded on *Fragaria* as well as grasses

## InfoBox

| *Oncopera* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Oncopera intricata* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Hepialidae |
| Genus: | *Oncopera*<br>Walker, 1856 |
|
| Species | |
| See text | |
| Synonyms | |
| * *Oncoptera* Meyrick, 1890 * *Paroncopera* Tindale, 1933 * *Onchopera* Birket-Smith, 1974 * *Onchoptera* Birket-Smith, 1974 | |


title: 1981 Tour of the Basque Country

abstract: The 1981 Tour of the Basque Country was the 21st edition of the Tour of the Basque Country cycle race and was held from 6 April to 10 April 1981. The race started in Lazkao and finished at Iturriotz. The race was won by Silvano Contini of the Bianchi team.

text:
# 1981 Tour of the Basque Country

The **1981 Tour of the Basque Country** was the 21st edition of the Tour of the Basque Country cycle race and was held from 6 April to 10 April 1981. The race started in Lazkao and finished at Iturriotz. The race was won by Silvano Contini of the Bianchi team.

## General classification

| **Final general classification**  Rank Rider Team Time  1  Silvano Contini (ITA) Bianchi–Piaggio 22h 07' 30"  2  Mario Beccia (ITA) Santini–Selle Italia \+ 33"  3  Marino Lejarreta (ESP) Teka–Campagnolo \+ 40"  4  José Luis Laguía (ESP) Reynolds \+ 1' 07"  5  Eulalio García (ESP) Teka–Campagnolo \+ 1' 14"  6  Pedro Muñoz (ESP) Zor–Helios–Novostil \+ 1' 16"  7  Ismael Lejarreta (ESP) Teka–Campagnolo \+ 1' 42"  8  Ángel Arroyo (ESP) Zor–Helios–Novostil \+ 1' 58"  9  Manuel Esparza (ESP) Teka–Campagnolo \+ 2' 19"  10  Claudio Bortolotto (ITA) Santini–Selle Italia \+ 8' 02" |
| --- |

## InfoBox

1981 Tour of the Basque Country
| Race details | |
| --- | --- |
| Dates | 6–10 April 1981 |
| Stages | 5 |
| Distance | 812.6 km (504.9 mi) |
| Winning time | 22h 07' 30" |
| Results | |
| Winner  Silvano Contini (ITA)  (Bianchi–Piaggio)  Second  Mario Beccia (ITA)  (Santini–Selle Italia)  Third  Marino Lejarreta (ESP)  (Teka–Campagnolo) | |
|


# 1968 Maldivian constitutional referendum

A constitutional referendum was held in the Maldives on 15 March 1968. The main question was whether to convert the state from a constitutional monarchy under Sultan Muhammad Fareed Didi to a presidential republic. The referendum was the third on the subject; the first in 1952 had seen the state convert to a presidential system, whilst a second in 1953 reversed the decision and saw the monarchy restored in 1954.

The proposals were approved by over 80% of voters, and a republic was declared on 11 November that year. Prime Minister Ibrahim Nasir would become president.

## Results

| Choice | | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Republic | | 36,997 | 81.23 |
| Monarchy | | 8,551 | 18.77 |
| Total | | 45,548 | 100.00 |
|  | | | |
| Valid votes | | 45,548 | 99.47 |
| Invalid/blank votes | | 244 | 0.53 |
| Total votes | | 45,792 | 100.00 |
| Registered voters/turnout | | 49,056 | 93.35 |
| Source: Utheemu | | | |

## InfoBox

1968 Maldivian constitutional referendum
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
| --- | |
| Results | |
| Choice Votes  %  **Republic** **36,997** **81.23%**  **Monarchy** 8,551 18.77%  Valid votes 45,548 99.47%  Invalid or blank votes 244 0.53%  **Total votes** **45,792** **100.00%**  Registered voters/turnout 49,056 93.35% | |


title: Strange the Dreamer

abstract: Strange the Dreamer is a 2017 young adult fantasy novel written by American author Laini Taylor and the first in the Strange the Dreamer duology, followed by Muse of Nightmares. The story follows Lazlo Strange, a war orphan and librarian in the world of Zosma who undergoes an expedition to the mystic lost city of Weep but discovers it is more than he believed it to be. It was published on March 28, 2017 by Little, Brown Books.

text:
# Strange the Dreamer

***Strange the Dreamer*** is a 2017 young adult fantasy novel written by American author Laini Taylor and the first in the *Strange the Dreamer* duology, followed by *Muse of Nightmares*. The story follows Lazlo Strange, a war orphan and librarian in the world of Zosma who undergoes an expedition to the mystic lost city of Weep but discovers it is more than he believed it to be. It was published on March 28, 2017 by Little, Brown Books.

## Plot

Lazlo is an orphan by a war that struck his country, who was brought to a monastery by mysterious circumstances. He lives with a mundane existence with the monks, dreaming of finding adventure and uncovering lost cities. In his teenage years and early adulthood, he becomes an apprentice librarian. One day, he encounters a troupe of warriors led by Eril-Fane, the so-called Godslayer. Eril-Fane comes from the lost city of Weep, and is looking for people to help with an unknown problem. Lazlo manages to barter his way on the expedition along with the arrogant godson of Zosma's Queen, Thyon Nero. They encounter many oddities in their trip, and Eril-Fane tells the history of Weep: once a grand city, 200 years earlier it fell to so called gods. 15 years ago, Eril-Fane rose up against the gods and freed the city. Weep still struggles with aftereffects, the nature of which Eril-Fane refuses to reveal before they reach the city. When they do reach Weep, they find a giant floating Citadel shaped like an angel hovers over it. There are four large towers made of the same material as the citadel dropped around the edges of the city. Lazlo and the explorers meet the despondent citizens, who are frightened by the Citadel and the shadow it casts over the city. Lazlo learns more of the history of Weep. Years earlier, blue-skinned "gods" called Mesarthim came to the Seraphim worshiping city. Using their special abilities, magical gifts, they easily took over the city. The citadel was their home and is made of a strange blue metal known as mesarthium. Skathis, leader of the Mesarthim, seems to be the only one able to control the substance. They demanded young men and women be delivered to their citadel, and would return them days, months, or years later, wiped of memories from their time in the citadel. Eril-Fane is forced to spend years with Isagol, goddess of despair. He endures this until he finds his wife Azareen was taken as well. The humans managed to kill the Mesarthim and their spawn, but the Citadel never left.

In the Citadel, several godspawn, the children of the gods, have survived and live unbeknownst to the citizens of Weep. Minya, daughter of Skathis, saved 4 babies during the uprising. They have remained in the citadel for 15 years, supporting themselves using their gifts. Minya has the ability to tether herself to the dead and gains complete control over the ghosts she captures. Ruby can control fire. Sparrow can create growth, and decay. Feral can transport clouds and weather. Sarai, daughter of Isagol, struggles with her role. Under Minya's orders, she uses her power to infiltrate human dreams and torments them with nightmares of those they have lost. Sarai enters Lazlo's dream, but finds he can see her. They develop a quick romantic relationship as they share legends and fairy tales, manipulating their dreams to be blissful and wondrous. The other explorers attempt to find a way to take down the Citadel. One day, Nero discovers that Lazlo's spirit, an essence that flows alongside blood, has an effect on the strange metal. Nero manage to take a sliver from one of the spires on the ground. He confronts Lazlo, who notices that his skin develops gray streaks when in contact with the mesarthium. One of the other explorers, an explosions expert, tries to blow up the same spire. The spires have been keeping the Citadel upright, and it tilts downwards preparing to strike the city. The sudden shift causes the godspawn to tumble and Sarai is thrown off the edge. As the Citadel tumbles, Lazlo uses the mesarthium tower turning his skin blue, revealing he is a godspawn himself. Lazlo is able to correct the citadel and bring the sky back to the city. He crafts beasts to carry him to the Citadel, but Sarai has fallen, impaling herself and dying instantly. She sits above her body as a ghost. Lazlo flies up to meet those who are within the citadel. Minya confronts him and after a battle of wills, she captures Sarai's ghost before it is lost forever. Minya gloats, knowing that now she has full control over both Sarai and Lazlo.

## Development

The novel was Taylor's first since *Dreams of Gods and Monsters*, the third and final book in the *Daughter of Smoke and Bone* series. The story was written several months after the prior novel had been finished. According to Taylor, the process of finding *Strange the Dreamer* came from "auditioning all the ideas that have been jostling for space in my head for years...I couldn’t decide...I kept vacillating....I chose the one with a heavy historical component and threw myself into research. Four or five months later, I had piles of notes but the story wasn’t really coming together and I panicked and jumped ship to the other pitch, which was a little more in my comfort zone, being fantasy." The most important aspect to Taylor was a focus on the characters' emotional arcs, with Taylor saying: "for me, it’s all about the emotional journey—or rather, all the characters’ interweaving emotional journeys and how they color each other."

## Reception

*Strange the Dreamer* was nominated for a Michael L. Printz Award for Best Novel in 2017. Kirkus Reviews took note that the novel explored "slavery, trauma, memory, and appropriation" with the conclusion that "lovers of intricate worldbuilding and feverish romance will find this enthralling." Publishers Weekly found the novel to be "gorgeously written in language simultaneously dark, lush, and enchanting", noting the third act's pacing as "love blossoms between two young people from warring factions, mysteries of identity develop, and critical events unfold in dreams."

## InfoBox

Strange the Dreamer
| First edition (US) | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Laini Taylor |
| Language | English |
| Genre | Fantasy novel |
| Publisher | Little, Brown (US)<br>Hodder & Stoughton (UK) |
| Publication date | March 28, 2017 |
| Publication place | United States |
| Media type | Print (hardcover and paperback), audiobook, e-book |
| Pages | 544 |
| ISBN | 978-0316341684 |
| Followed by | *Muse of Nightmares* |


title: Thomas Birley

abstract:
Thomas Howard Birley was Anglican Bishop of Zanzibar from 1925 until 1943.
He was educated at Radley and Christ Church, Oxford and ordained in 1889 after a period of study at Ripon College Cuddesdon. He was Curate of St Saviour, Roath then Vicar of St Thomas the Martyr, Oxford. He was at the UMCA Mission at Korogwe from 1908 to 1911 and Archdeacon of Zigualand until 1925. He returned to England and became Chaplain to the St Giles Homes and Community of Sacred Passion at East Hanningfield. He died on 31 March 1949.

text:
# Thomas Birley

**Thomas Howard Birley** (11 December 1865 – 1949) was Anglican Bishop of Zanzibar from 1925 until 1943. He was educated at Radley and Christ Church, Oxford and ordained in 1889 after a period of study at Ripon College Cuddesdon. He was Curate of St Saviour, Roath then Vicar of St Thomas the Martyr, Oxford. He was at the UMCA Mission at Korogwe from 1908 to 1911 and Archdeacon of Zigualand until 1925. He returned to England and became Chaplain to the St Giles Homes and Community of Sacred Passion at East Hanningfield. He died on 31 March 1949.


title: Orthogonius alutaceus

abstract: Orthogonius alutaceus is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Orthogoniinae. It was described by Quedenfeldt in 1883.

text:
# Orthogonius alutaceus

***Orthogonius alutaceus*** is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Orthogoniinae. It was described by Quedenfeldt in 1883.

## InfoBox

| *Orthogonius alutaceus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Carabidae |
| Genus: | *Orthogonius* |
| Species: | ***O. alutaceus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Orthogonius alutaceus***<br>Quedenfeldt, 1883 | |
|


title: Ontario Highway 30

abstract: King's Highway 30, commonly referred to as Highway 30, was a provincially maintained highway in the Canadian province of Ontario. The 51.1-kilometre (31.8 mi)-long route connected Highway 2 in Brighton with Highway 7 in Havelock via Campbellford. Established in 1930, the highway initially travelled only as far north as Campbellford. Alongside the construction of Highway 7 between Peterborough and Perth, Highway 30 was extended north to Havelock in 1934. The route remained generally consistent until 1998, when it was decommissioned and transferred to Northumberland County and Peterborough County. Both counties redesignated their portion of the former highway as County Road 30.

text:
# Ontario Highway 30

**King's Highway 30**, commonly referred to as **Highway 30**, was a provincially maintained highway in the Canadian province of Ontario. The 51.1-kilometre (31.8 mi)-long route connected Highway 2 in Brighton with Highway 7 in Havelock via Campbellford. Established in 1930, the highway initially travelled only as far north as Campbellford. Alongside the construction of Highway 7 between Peterborough and Perth, Highway 30 was extended north to Havelock in 1934. The route remained generally consistent until 1998, when it was decommissioned and transferred to Northumberland County and Peterborough County. Both counties redesignated their portion of the former highway as **County Road 30**.

## Route description

Highway 30 began at former Highway 2 (Main Street) in downtown Brighton, following Young Street northward and meandering out of town towards an interchange with Highway 401. It continued to meander northward through the communities of Hilton and Orland before straightening out. It passed through Codrington, but otherwise encountered stretches of farmland or forests. The route eventually curved to the northeast to meet the Trent River in Meyersburg. It paralleled the river into Campbellford, taking on the local name of Grand Road. In downtown Campbellford, Highway 30 turned west onto Bridge Street West and followed it out of town before curving north. It continued through farmland along a generally straight course to Havelock, crossing the Trent River and skirting the community of the same name several kilometres to the south. Entering Havelock, the highway took on the name Concession Street, and terminated at Highway 7; Concession Street continued north as Peterborough County Road 46, as it is still known.

## History

On July 9, 1930, the Department of Highways, predecessor to the Ministry of Transportation of Ontario, assumed the 32 km (20 mi), gravel-surfaced Brighton–Campbellford Road. Unemployment relief measures carried out in 1931 and 1932 resulted in the construction of Highway 7 between Peterborough and Ottawa. As a result, Highway 30 was extended north from Campbellford to Havelock in 1934 along existing roads. The section within Peterborough County was assumed on March 28, while the section within Northumberland County was assumed on April 11.

In 1936 work began to grade and improve Highway 30 along its entire length. By the end of 1937, paving was completed several kilometres south of Havelock as well as from Campbellford south to Northumberland County Road 29. A gravel base was laid from there to south of Orland. The remainder of the road was gravelled. A diversion was also constructed at Meyersburg, bypassing the junction with Percy Boom Road. Between 1942 and 1949, paving was completed on the gravel section between Brighton and Campbellford. The remaining gravel section, between Campbellford and Havelock, was paved in 1951.

Highway 401 opened between Brighton and Trenton on November 25, 1958. Traffic could only proceed east to Trenton until the gap between Port Hope and Trenton was opened on July 20, 1961. A new bridge was built over the Trent Canal in 1968, bypassing the route along Church Street. Highway 30 remained generally unchanged over the next 30 years, until January 1, 1998, when the entire route was decommissioned and transferred to Northumberland and Peterborough counties. It was subsequently designated as Northumberland County Road 30 and Peterborough County Road 30.

## Major intersections

The following table lists the major junctions along Highway 30, as noted by the Ministry of Transportation of Ontario.

| Division | Location | km | mi | Destinations | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Northumberland | Brighton | 0.0 | 0.0 | County Road 2 west (Main Street) – Cobourg, Port Hope | Formerly Highway 2 |
| | | 2.3 | 1.4 | County Road 26 north |  |
| | | 5.0 | 3.1 | Highway 401Toronto, Kingston | Exit 509 |
| | | 7.1 | 4.4 | County Road 21 west (Dundonald Road) | Hilton |
| | | 11.4 | 7.1 | County Road 41 east – Wooler | Formerly County Road 28 until Highway 28 was downloaded in 1998; Orland |
| | | 15.3 | 9.5 | County Road 27 west – Morganston | Codrington |
| | | 21.9 | 13.6 | County Road 29 (Percy Boom Road) – Warkworth |  |
| | | | Trent Hills |
| | 25.9 | 16.1 | Percy Boom Road |  |
| | Campbellford | 32.8 | 20.4 | County Road 8 east (Bridge Street) – Stirling
County Road 50 north (Queen Street) |  |
| | Trent Hills | 35.8 | 22.2 | County Road 35 west |  |
| | 47.0 | 29.2 | County Road 36 |  |
| Peterborough | Havelock | 50.1 | 31.1 | Old Norwood Road | Old crossroads before Highway 7 was constructed |
| | | 51.1 | 31.8 | Highway 7 (Ottawa Street) |  |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
 | | | | | |

Template:Attached KML/Ontario Highway 30KML is from Wikidata

## InfoBox

| Highway 30 | |
| --- | --- |
| Route information | |
| Maintained by Ministry of Transportation of Ontario | |
| Length | 51.1 km (31.8 mi) |
| Existed | July 9, 1930 (1930-07-09)–January 1, 1998 (1998-01-01) |
| History | Extended from Campbellford to Havelock March 28–April 11, 1934 |
| Major junctions | |
| South end | Highway 2 in Brighton |
| Major intersections | Highway 401 (Exit 509) |
| North end | Highway 7 in Havelock |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | Ontario |
| Towns | Brighton, Campbellford, Trent River, Havelock |
|  | |
| Highway system | |
|  | |
| Highway 28   Highway 33 | |
| Former provincial highways  Highway 29  Highway 31 | |


title: 1978 New Mexico gubernatorial election

abstract: The 1978 New Mexico gubernatorial election took place on November 7, 1978, in order to elect the Governor of New Mexico. Due to term limits, incumbent Democrat Jerry Apodaca was ineligible to seek a second term as governor. Bruce King, a member of the Democratic Party who had previously served as governor from 1971 to 1975, won the open seat. With a margin of victory of just 1.09% this was the second closest contest of the 1978 Gubernatorial Cycle, behind only the election in Texas.

text:
# 1978 New Mexico gubernatorial election

The **1978 New Mexico gubernatorial election** took place on November 7, 1978, in order to elect the Governor of New Mexico. Due to term limits, incumbent Democrat Jerry Apodaca was ineligible to seek a second term as governor. Bruce King, a member of the Democratic Party who had previously served as governor from 1971 to 1975, won the open seat. With a margin of victory of just 1.09% this was the second closest contest of the 1978 Gubernatorial Cycle, behind only the election in Texas.

## Primary election

### Democratic primary

The Democratic primary was won by former Governor Bruce King.

#### Results

New Mexico Democratic gubernatorial primary, 1978
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **Bruce King** | **92,432** | **61.31%** |
|  | Democratic | Robert E. Ferguson | 58,334 | 38.69% |
| Total votes | | | **150,766** | **100.00%** |

### Republican primary

The Republican primary was won by former state senator Joe Skeen.

#### Results

New Mexico Republican gubernatorial primary, 1978
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **Joe Skeen** | **38,638** | **81.17%** |
|  | Republican | Philip R. Grant | 8,966 | 18.84% |
| Total votes | | | **47,604** | **100.00%** |

## General election

### Results

1978 New Mexico gubernatorial election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **Bruce King** | **174,631** | **50.55%** | **+0.61%** |
|  | Republican | Joseph R. Skeen | 170,848 | 49.45% | −0.65% |
| Majority | | | 3,783 | 1.10% |  |
| Total votes | | | **345,479** | **100.00%** |  |
|  | Democratic **hold** | | Swing | -0.04% |  |

### Results by county

| County | Bruce King
Democratic | | Joe Skeen
Republican | | Margin | | Total votes cast |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | # | % | # | % | # | % | |
| Bernalillo | 55,448 | 48.26% | 59,443 | 51.74% | -3,995 | -3.48% | 114,891 |
| Catron | 649 | 49.13% | 672 | 50.87% | -23 | -1.74% | 1,321 |
| Chaves | 5,134 | 33.94% | 9,991 | 66.06% | -4,857 | -32.11% | 15,125 |
| Colfax | 2,187 | 53.12% | 1,930 | 46.88% | 257 | 6.24% | 4,117 |
| Curry | 4,054 | 48.51% | 4,303 | 51.49% | -249 | -2.98% | 8,357 |
| De Baca | 521 | 52.31% | 475 | 47.69% | 46 | 4.62% | 996 |
| Doña Ana | 9,539 | 45.12% | 11,603 | 54.88% | -2,064 | -9.76% | 21,142 |
| Eddy | 7,419 | 54.02% | 6,314 | 45.98% | 1,105 | 8.05% | 13,733 |
| Grant | 4,624 | 59.74% | 3,116 | 40.26% | 1,508 | 19.48% | 7,740 |
| Guadalupe | 1,591 | 69.72% | 691 | 30.28% | 900 | 39.44% | 2,282 |
| Harding | 259 | 41.77% | 361 | 58.23% | -102 | -16.45% | 620 |
| Hidalgo | 766 | 54.36% | 643 | 45.64% | 123 | 8.73% | 1,409 |
| Lea | 4,665 | 44.48% | 5,824 | 55.52% | -1,159 | -11.05% | 10,489 |
| Lincoln | 1,009 | 29.46% | 2,416 | 70.54% | -1,407 | -41.08% | 3,425 |
| Los Alamos | 2,349 | 32.65% | 4,845 | 67.35% | -2,496 | -34.70% | 7,194 |
| Luna | 2,117 | 45.29% | 2,557 | 54.71% | -440 | -9.41% | 4,674 |
| McKinley | 5,244 | 59.29% | 3,600 | 40.71% | 1,644 | 18.59% | 8,844 |
| Mora | 1,494 | 62.07% | 913 | 37.93% | 581 | 24.14% | 2,407 |
| Otero | 4,140 | 44.43% | 5,178 | 55.57% | -1,038 | -11.14% | 9,318 |
| Quay | 1,632 | 47.65% | 1,793 | 52.35% | -161 | -4.70% | 3,425 |
| Rio Arriba | 7,106 | 68.78% | 3,226 | 31.22% | 3,880 | 37.55% | 10,332 |
| Roosevelt | 1,793 | 36.87% | 3,070 | 63.13% | -1,277 | -26.26% | 4,863 |
| San Juan | 6,866 | 44.31% | 8,631 | 55.69% | -1,765 | -11.39% | 15,497 |
| San Miguel | 4,729 | 62.29% | 2,863 | 37.71% | 1,866 | 24.58% | 7,592 |
| Sandoval | 5,303 | 59.77% | 3,570 | 40.23% | 1,733 | 19.53% | 8,873 |
| Santa Fe | 14,080 | 60.44% | 9,217 | 39.56% | 4,863 | 20.87% | 23,297 |
| Sierra | 1,486 | 47.66% | 1,632 | 52.34% | -146 | -4.68% | 3,118 |
| Socorro | 2,524 | 57.39% | 1,874 | 42.61% | 650 | 14.78% | 4,398 |
| Taos | 4,418 | 66.07% | 2,269 | 33.93% | 2,149 | 32.14% | 6,687 |
| Torrance | 1,858 | 62.06% | 1,136 | 37.94% | 722 | 24.11% | 2,994 |
| Union | 704 | 41.46% | 994 | 58.54% | -290 | -17.08% | 1,698 |
| Valencia | 8,923 | 61.03% | 5,698 | 38.97% | 3,225 | 22.06% | 14,621 |
| Total | 174,631 | 50.55% | 170,848 | 49.45% | 3,783 | 1.10% | 345,479 |

#### Counties that flipped from Republican to Democratic

#### Counties that flipped from Democratic to Republican

## InfoBox

1978 New Mexico gubernatorial election
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Nominee **Bruce King** Joe Skeen   Party Democratic Republican  Popular vote **174,631** 170,848  Percentage **50.55%** 49.45% | |
| ---  County results
**King:**      50–60%      60–70%
**Skeen:**      50–60%      60–70%      70–80% | |
| ---  **Governor before election**
Jerry Apodaca
Democratic **Elected Governor**
Bruce King
Democratic | |


abstract: The United States Commission on Ocean Policy was created by an act of the 106th United States Congress known as the Oceans Act of 2000. The commission's mandate was to establish findings and develop recommendations for a new and comprehensive national ocean policy. The final report was delivered in September 2004, and shortly afterwards the commission was terminated, as scheduled by the Oceans Act.

text:
# United States Commission on Ocean Policy

The United States **Commission on Ocean Policy** (sometimes known as the **Watkins Commission**, after the chairman of the commission during its first gathering, James Watkins) was created by an act of the 106th United States Congress known as the Oceans Act of 2000. The commission's mandate was to establish findings and develop recommendations for a new and comprehensive national ocean policy. The final report was delivered in September 2004, and shortly afterwards the commission was terminated, as scheduled by the Oceans Act.

## Working groups

In the course of its work, the Commission established four working groups to address the following issues:

* Governance
* Research, Education and Marine Operations
* Stewardship
* Investment and Implementation

## History

The previous review of U.S. ocean policy had been conducted thirty-five years before by the Stratton Commission, published in 1969. To account for changes in the intervening years, the U.S. Congress decided to form the Commission on Ocean Policy to conduct a new review, and develop recommendations for future ocean policy. The Oceans Act of 2000 was passed in the Senate June 6, 2000, and become effective on January 20, 2001.

The Commission is composed of 16 members. Per the Act, the House of Representatives and Senate Majority each nominated eight people, and the President appointed four from each list.

The Commission began its work in September 2001 with a series of nine regional meetings and 18 additional site visits in every coastal region of the United States and the Great Lakes. The Commission heard testimony from 445 experts, including many of the nation's top ocean scientists and researchers, environmental organizations, industry, citizens, and government officials, as well as receiving written testimony from countless others.

The Commission released its Preliminary Report on April 20, 2004, for review by the nation's Governors and other stakeholders.

On September 20, 2004, the Commission submitted its Final Report to the President and Congress, "An Ocean Blueprint for the 21st Century". On December 19, 2004, the Commission officially expired as called for under the Oceans Act of 2000.


abstract: The 1968 Major League Baseball All-Star Game was the 39th playing of the midsummer classic between the all-stars of the American League (AL) and National League (NL), the two leagues comprising Major League Baseball. The game was held on July 9, 1968, at the Astrodome in Houston, Texas the home of the Houston Astros of the National League, making this the first All-Star Game to be played indoors. The game resulted in the National League defeating the American League 1–0. It is the only All-Star Game played without a run batted in (RBI). This was the first night All-Star Game since 1944. Apart from the 1969 game, all subsequent All-Star Games have been played at night. The next indoor All-Star Game was eleven years later, at the Kingdome in Seattle.

text:
# 1968 Major League Baseball All-Star Game

The **1968 Major League Baseball All-Star Game** was the 39th playing of the midsummer classic between the all-stars of the American League (AL) and National League (NL), the two leagues comprising Major League Baseball.

The game was held on July 9, 1968, at the Astrodome in Houston, Texas the home of the Houston Astros of the National League, making this the first All-Star Game to be played indoors. The game resulted in the National League defeating the American League 1–0. It is the only All-Star Game played without a run batted in (RBI).

This was the first night All-Star Game since 1944. Apart from the 1969 game (which was originally scheduled to be played at night but was postponed to the following afternoon due to rain), all subsequent All-Star Games have been played at night.

The next indoor All-Star Game was eleven years later, at the Kingdome in Seattle.

## Game summary

The American League was limited to three hits, unable to get a rally going against Don Drysdale, Juan Marichal, Steve Carlton and Tom Seaver, all future Hall of Famers.

A first-inning run scored by Willie Mays on a single, an errant pickoff attempt, a wild pitch by Luis Tiant and a double-play ball gave the winning National league the only run they would need.

Don Wert's eighth-inning double momentarily gave the AL a threat to tie the game, but Seaver struck out the side. In the ninth, with two out, Jerry Koosman was brought in from the bullpen to face Carl Yastrzemski, whose strikeout ended the game.

## Starting lineups

| **American League** | | | | **National League** | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Order | Player | Team | Position | Order | Player | Team | Position |
| **1** | Jim Fregosi | Angels | SS | **1** | Willie Mays | Giants | OF |
| **2** | Rod Carew | Twins | 2B | **2** | Curt Flood | Cardinals | OF |
| **3** | Carl Yastrzemski | Red Sox | OF | **3** | Willie McCovey | Giants | 1B |
| **4** | Frank Howard | Senators | OF | **4** | Hank Aaron | Braves | OF |
| **5** | Willie Horton | Tigers | OF | **5** | Ron Santo | Cubs | 3B |
| **6** | Harmon Killebrew | Twins | 1B | **6** | Tommy Helms | Reds | 2B |
| **7** | Bill Freehan | Tigers |  | **7** | Jerry Grote | Mets |  |
| **8** | Brooks Robinson | Orioles | 3B | **8** | Don Kessinger | Cubs | SS |
| **9** | Luis Tiant | Indians |  | **9** | Don Drysdale | Dodgers |  |

## Reserves

### American League

#### Pitchers

| Throws | Pitcher | Team | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| RH | Gary Bell | Boston Red Sox |  |
| LH | Tommy John | Chicago White Sox |  |
| LH | Sam McDowell | Cleveland Indians |  |
| RH | Denny McLain | Detroit Tigers |  |
| RH | Blue Moon Odom | Oakland Athletics |  |
| RH | José Santiago | Boston Red Sox |  |
| RH | Mel Stottlemyre | New York Yankees |  |

#### Position players

| Position | Player | Team | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1B | Mickey Mantle | New York Yankees |  |
| 1B | Boog Powell | Baltimore Orioles |  |
| 2B | Davey Johnson | Baltimore Orioles |  |
| 3B | Don Wert | Detroit Tigers |  |
| C | Joe Azcue | Cleveland Indians |  |
| C | Duane Josephson | Chicago White Sox |  |
| OF | Rick Monday | Oakland Athletics |  |
| OF | Tony Oliva | Minnesota Twins |  |  |
| OF | Ken Harrelson | Boston Red Sox |  |
| SS | Bert Campaneris | Oakland Athletics |  |

### National League

#### Pitchers

| Throws | Pitcher | Team | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| LH | Steve Carlton | St. Louis Cardinals |  |
| LH | Woody Fryman | Philadelphia Phillies |  |
| RH | Bob Gibson | St. Louis Cardinals |  |
| RH | Jerry Koosman | New York Mets |  |
| RH | Juan Marichal | San Francisco Giants |  |
| RH | Ron Reed | Atlanta Braves |  |
| RH | Tom Seaver | New York Mets |  |

#### Position players

| Position | Player | Team | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1B | Rusty Staub | Houston Astros |  |
| 2B | Julian Javier | St. Louis Cardinals |  |
| 3B | Tony Pérez | Cincinnati Reds |  |
| C | Johnny Bench | Cincinnati Reds |  |
| C | Tom Haller | Los Angeles Dodgers |  |
| OF | Felipe Alou | Atlanta Braves |  |
| OF | Matty Alou | Pittsburgh Pirates |  |
| OF | Pete Rose | Cincinnati Reds |  |
| OF | Billy Williams | Chicago Cubs |  |
| SS | Gene Alley | Pittsburgh Pirates |  |
| SS | Leo Cardenas | Cincinnati Reds |  |

## Line score

### Line score

Tuesday, July 9, 1968 7:15 pm (CT) at Houston Astrodome in Houston, Texas
| Team | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| American League | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 |
| **National League** | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | X | 1 | 5 | 0 |
| **WP:** Don Drysdale (1-0)   **LP:** Luis Tiant (0-1)   **Sv:** Jerry Koosman | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

1968 Major League Baseball All-Star Game
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9     American League 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 1  **National League** 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 x 1 5 0 | |
| Date | July 9, 1968 |
| Venue | Houston Astrodome |
| City | Houston, Texas |
| Managers |  |
| MVP | Willie Mays (San Francisco Giants) |
| Attendance | 48,321 |
| Television | NBC |
| TV announcers | Curt Gowdy, Pee Wee Reese and Sandy Koufax |
| Radio | NBC |
| Radio announcers | Jim Simpson, Tony Kubek and Gene Elston |
|


title: Stone Dam Mountain

abstract: Stone Dam Mountain is a summit located in Central New York Region of New York located in the Town of Ohio in Herkimer County, northwest of North Wilmurt. Stone Dam Lake is located east of the elevation.

text:
# Stone Dam Mountain

**Stone Dam Mountain** is a summit located in Central New York Region of New York located in the Town of Ohio in Herkimer County, northwest of North Wilmurt. Stone Dam Lake is located east of the elevation.

## InfoBox

| Stone Dam Mountain | |
| --- | --- |
| Stone Dam MountainLocation of Stone Dam Mountain within New YorkStone Dam MountainStone Dam Mountain (the United States) | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 1,804 feet (550 m) |
| Coordinates | 43°29′44″N 75°03′31″W / 43.49556°N 75.05861°W / 43.49556; -75.05861 |
| Geography | |
| Location | NW of North Wilmurt, New York, U.S. |
| Topo map | USGS *North Wilmurt* |


abstract: Wilcza Góra is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Koronowo, within Bydgoszcz County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) north-west of Koronowo and 30 km (19 mi) north of Bydgoszcz.

text:
# Wilcza Góra, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship

**Wilcza Góra** \[ˈvilt͡ʂa ˈɡura\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Koronowo, within Bydgoszcz County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) north-west of Koronowo and 30 km (19 mi) north of Bydgoszcz.

## InfoBox

| Wilcza Góra | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Wilcza Góra | |
| Coordinates: 53°22′N 17°50′E / 53.367°N 17.833°E / 53.367; 17.833 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Kuyavian-Pomeranian |
| County | Bydgoszcz |
| Gmina | Koronowo |


title: Thomas Bish

abstract: Thomas Bish was a British politician. Bish worked as a stockbroker and held a government contract for the lottery. At the 1826 UK general election, he stood in Leominster as a Whig. He was elected but was unseated on an election petition due to the contract he held. The lottery was abolished in 1826, and this enabled Bish to stand again in Leominster at the 1832 UK general election, winning the seat. In Parliament, he opposed the Corn Law and supported a secret ballot and shorter Parliamentary terms. He argued that the Bank of England should manufacture their banknotes in a manner that makes them harder to forge and that Parliament and the Court should sometimes meet in Dublin. He also argued for the revival of the state lottery, arguing that since its abolition, many British citizens instead put money into lotteries based overseas. Bish held his seat at the 1835 UK general election but stood down in 1837.

text:
# Thomas Bish

**Thomas Bish** (5 May 1779  27 December 1842) was a British politician.

Bish worked as a stockbroker and held a government contract for the lottery. At the 1826 UK general election, he stood in Leominster as a Whig. He was elected but was unseated on an election petition due to the contract he held.

The lottery was abolished in 1826, and this enabled Bish to stand again in Leominster at the 1832 UK general election, winning the seat. In Parliament, he opposed the Corn Law and supported a secret ballot and shorter Parliamentary terms. He argued that the Bank of England should manufacture their banknotes in a manner that makes them harder to forge and that Parliament and the Court should sometimes meet in Dublin. He also argued for the revival of the state lottery, arguing that since its abolition, many British citizens instead put money into lotteries based overseas.

Bish held his seat at the 1835 UK general election but stood down in 1837.


title: Orthoprosopa alex

abstract: Orthoprosopa alex is a species of hoverfly in the family Syrphidae.

text:
# Orthoprosopa alex

***Orthoprosopa alex*** is a species of hoverfly in the family Syrphidae.

## Distribution

This species occurs in New Guinea.

## InfoBox

| *Orthoprosopa alex* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Syrphidae |
| Subfamily: | Eristalinae |
| Tribe: | Milesiini |
| Subtribe: | Tropidiina |
| Genus: | *Orthoprosopa* |
| Subgenus: | *Paratropidia* |
| Species: | ***O. alex*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Orthoprosopa alex***<br>(Thompson, 1972) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Paratropidia alex* Thompson, 1972 | |


title: Nigel Davies (historian)

abstract: Dr. Claude Nigel Byam Davies was a British anthropologist and historian who specialised in the study of the cultures of pre-Columbian America, publishing 12 academic works on the Aztec, Inca and Toltec societies. In addition to his academic work, Davies also served with the Grenadier Guards during the Second World War, briefly sat as an MP for Epping and as the managing director of Windowlite Ltd.

text:
# Nigel Davies (historian)

**Dr. Claude Nigel Byam Davies** (2 September 1920 – 25 September 2004) was a British anthropologist and historian who specialised in the study of the cultures of pre-Columbian America, publishing 12 academic works on the Aztec, Inca and Toltec societies. In addition to his academic work, Davies also served with the Grenadier Guards during the Second World War, briefly sat as an MP for Epping and as the managing director of Windowlite Ltd.

## Life

Born in September 1920 to Claude and Nellie Davies, Nigel was educated at Eton College and subsequently at the University of Provence and briefly at the University of Potsdam in Berlin before the outbreak of the Second World War. In 1939 Davies attended the Royal Military College, Sandhurst and graduated the following year, taking a commission as a lieutenant in the Grenadier Guards. During the war, Davies served in the Middle East, Italy and the Balkans, leaving the services after the end of the war in 1946. In the general election of 1950, Davies stood for and won the seat of Epping as a Member of Parliament for the Conservative Party. A year later he gave up the seat, refusing to stand in the general election of 1951 at which the constituency was won by Conservative candidate Graeme Bell Finlay.

Davies subsequently entered academia, achieving a ph.D. in archaeology and studying at University College London and the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. He made a lifelong study of the ancient civilisations of the Americas, concurrently with his role as the managing director of Windowlite Ltd. Among Davies works are books on the Aztec civilisation, the Incas of South America and in particular the Toltecs, the pre-Aztec people of Central Mexico. His works were well received and are now standard references. Davies never married and later retired to live in Tijuana, dying in September 2004.

## Works

* *Los Señoríos Independientes del Imperio Azteca*, 1968.
* *Los Mexicas: primeros pasos hacia el imperio*, 1973.
* *The Aztecs: a history*, 1973.
* *The Toltecs: until the fall of Tula*, 1976.
* *Before Columbus Came, 1976.*
* *Voyagers to the New World, fact and fantasy*, 1979
* *The Toltec Heritage: from the fall of Tula to the rise of Tenochtitlan*, 1980.
* *Human Sacrifice, in history and today*, 1981.
* *The Ancient Kingdoms of Mexico*, 1983.
* *The Rampant God: Eros throughout the world*, 1984.
* *The Aztec Empire: the Toltec resurgence*, 1987.
* *The Incas*, 1995.
* *The Ancient Kingdoms of Peru*, 1997.

## InfoBox

| Nigel Davies | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of Parliament
for Epping | |
| **In office**
23 February 1950  5 October 1951 | |
| Preceded by | Leah Manning |
| Succeeded by | Graeme Finlay |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 2 September 1920 |
| Died | 25 September 2004(2004-09-25) (aged 84) |
| Nationality | British |
| Occupation | anthropologist, historian, MP and soldier |
|  | |


title: Ontario Highway 2A

abstract: Highway 2A is a municipal expressway in Toronto. Previously, King's Highway 2A was the designation of five separate provincially maintained highways in the Canadian province of Ontario, including the Toronto section. Highway 2A was an alternate route to Highway 2 in Chatham, London and Cornwall; these routes were all eventually redesignated. Highway 2A was also a highway that extended from Windsor to Tilbury, which was redesignated as Highway 98 in 1938. The final and most familiar section of highway to be designated Highway 2A was the bypass of Highway 2 between Toronto and Newcastle, most of which became part of Highway 401 in July 1952. A short stub that wasn't incorporated into Highway 401 was all that remained of Highway 2A, consisting of a 3.4 km dual carriageway connecting Highway 401 with Kingston Road. Despite losing its provincial highway status in 1998, Highway 2A was never renamed and is still referenced by its highway designation on signage.

text:
# Ontario Highway 2A

| Highway 2A | |
| --- | --- |
| Route information | |
| Auxiliary route of Highway 2 | |
| Maintained by Ministry of Transportation of Ontario | |
| Location | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | Ontario |
|  | |
| Highway system | |
|  | |
| Highway 2   Highway 3 | |
| Former provincial highways  Highway 2S | |

**Highway 2A** is a municipal expressway in Toronto. Previously, **King's Highway 2A** was the designation of five separate provincially maintained highways in the Canadian province of Ontario, including the Toronto section. Highway 2A was an alternate route to Highway 2 in Chatham, London and Cornwall; these routes were all eventually redesignated. Highway 2A was also a highway that extended from Windsor to Tilbury, which was redesignated as Highway 98 in 1938.

The final and most familiar section of highway to be designated Highway 2A was the bypass of Highway 2 (Kingston Road) between Toronto and Newcastle, most of which became part of Highway 401 (formerly the *Toronto Bypass*) in July 1952. A short stub that wasn't incorporated into Highway 401 was all that remained of Highway 2A, consisting of a 3.4 km (2.1 mile) dual carriageway connecting Highway 401 with Kingston Road. Despite losing its provincial highway status in 1998, Highway 2A was never renamed and is still referenced by its highway designation on signage.

## Route description

East of the Highland Creek bridges (which bypasses Old Kingston Road), Kingston Road defaults to Highway 2A, although the routing for Kingston Road continues via an off-ramp at the Lawson Road interchange. After the Lawson Road exit, the route becomes a fully controlled-access freeway until Highway 401. Despite being surrounded by urban developments, Highway 2A still retains its rural character as it remains unlit and lacks roadside businesses. The speed limit is 80 kilometres per hour (50 mph), and it is patrolled by the Toronto Police Service.

## History

### Windsor–Tilbury

| Highway 2A | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | Tecumseh Road – Mill Street |
| Length | 54.7 km (34.0 mi) |
| Existed | 1927–1938
Renumbered as Highway 98 |

The Windsor to Tilbury section of Highway 2A originally was designated in 1929 along the route of what would become Highway 114, near Maidstone. When Highway 18 was redesignated between Windsor and Leamington in 1931, Highway 2 was rerouted onto its former routing. The old routing of Highway 2 prior to that became Highway 2A, and the existing Highway 2A was renumbered as Highway 3B.

Between 1931 and 1938, the route followed the Provincial Highway between Tecumseh Road in downtown Windsor, and Mill Street in Tilbury, both at junctions with Highway 2. In 1938, the entire route was renumbered as Highway 98

### Chatham

| Highway 2A | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | Richmond Street/Keil Drive South – Grand Avenue East/Thames Street |
| Length | 3.5 km (2.2 mi) |
| Existed | 1957–1961
(renumbered as Highway 2B 1961-1970) |

Highway 2A in Chatham was established in 1957 along the original route of Highway 2 when it was rerouted along the West Chatham Bypass (Keil Street) and Grand Avenue. The route began at Highway 2 at the intersection of Richmond Street and Keil Street, following the former into downtown Chatham, where it turned north onto Queen Street then east onto School Street. From there, the route turned north onto Centre Street, which becomes 5th Street shortly thereafter. The route crossed the Thames River, north of which it became Thames Street and continued to Highway 2 (Grand Avenue East). The route was renumbered as Highway 2B in 1961 and decommissioned by 1970.

### London

| Highway 2A | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | Highway 4 (Wharncliffe Road South)/Stanley Street – Dundas Street/Highbury Avenue |
| Length | 5.5 km (3.4 mi) |
| Existed | 1956–1968 |

Highway 2A in London provided an alternative parallel route to Highway 2 through the downtown core, travelling from a concurrent Highway 2 and Highway 4 eastward along Stanley Street, York Street, Florence Street and finally Highbury Avenue. At its eastern end, it met Highway 2 (Dundas Street). The route was established in 1956 and decommissioned in 1968.

### Cornwall

| Highway 2A | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | Vincent Massey Drive/Power Dam Drive – Brookdale Avenue/Second Street |
| Length | 5.2 km (3.2 mi) |
| Existed | 1965–1967 |

Highway 2A (Alt.) in Cornwall was a short-lived designation applied along Nine Mile Road (now Power Dam Drive) and Second Street on the west side of the city. It provided an alternate bypass to the Seaway International Bridge. The route was established in 1965 and remained in place for only two years before being decommissioned in 1967.

### Toronto–Newcastle

| Highway 2A | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | Kingston Road –  Highway 401 |
| Length | 3.4 km (2.1 mi)29.8 km (18.5 mi) before 1952 |
| Existed | 1947–1997 |

As automobile use in southern Ontario grew in the early twentieth century, road design and construction advanced significantly. Following frequent erosion of the former macadamized Lake Shore Road, a cement road known as the *Toronto–Hamilton Highway* was proposed in January 1914. By November 1914, the proposal was approved, and work began quickly to construct the road from Toronto to Hamilton known today as Lake Shore Boulevard and Lakeshore Road. The road was formally opened on November 24, 1917, 18 feet (5.5 m) wide and nearly 40 mi (64 km) long. It was the first concrete road in Ontario, as well as one of the longest stretches of concrete road between two cities in the world.

Over the next decade, vehicle usage increased substantially, and by 1920 Lakeshore Road was again highly congested on weekends. In response, the Department of Highways examined improving another road between Toronto and Hamilton. Middle Road, a continuation of Queen Street west of the Humber River, was chosen to avoid delays on Dundas or Lakeshore. The road was to be more than twice the width of Lakeshore Road at 40 ft (12 m), and would carry two lanes of traffic in either direction. Construction on what was then known as the *Queen Street Extension* between Highway 10 and Highway 27 began in early 1931, and between Highway 27 and the Humber River on November 1, 1931.

Before the highway could be completed, Thomas McQuesten was appointed the new minister of the Department of Highways, with Robert Melville Smith as deputy minister, following the 1934 provincial elections. Smith, inspired by the German Autobahn's—new "dual-lane divided highways"—modified the design for Ontario roads, and McQuesten ordered that the Middle Road be converted into this new form of highway. A 132 ft (40 m) right-of-way was purchased along the Middle Road and construction began to convert the existing sections to a divided highway, as well as on Canada's first interchange at Highway 10.

Beginning in 1935, McQuesten applied the concept of a dual-highway to several projects along Highway 2, including a section between Birchmount Road and east of Morningside Avenue in what was then known as Scarborough Township. When widening in Scarborough reached the Highland Creek ravine in 1936, east of Morningside, the Department of Highways began construction on a new bridge over the large valley, bypassing the former alignment around the village of West Hill. From there to Oshawa, the highway was constructed along a new alignment, avoiding construction on the congested Highway 2. As grading and bridge construction neared completion between Highland Creek and Ritson Road in September 1939, World War II broke out and gradually money was siphoned from highway construction to the war effort.

> They are designed for sustained speed, with the best alignments, fewest curves and least grades possible and by-passing centres of population. We need this new version of highway, as a major arterial road for a major congested metropolitan area.

Thomas McQueston

Following the war, construction resumed on roadways throughout Ontario. The expressway between Highland Creek and Oshawa was completed in December 1947. The Toronto–Barrie Highway was the primary focus of the Department of Highways at the time, and the onset of the Korean War in 1949 continued to stall construction. Despite the delays, highway minister George Doucette officially announced the plans for construction of the new trans-provincial expressway in 1950, with the Toronto to Oshawa expressway serving as a model for the design.

Along with an extension of the Highway between Oshawa and Highway 35 and Highway 115, most of Highway 2A was redesignated *Highway 401* in July 1952. A short stub that wasn't incorporated into Highway 401 was all that remained of Highway 2A, consisting of a 3.4 km (2.1 mile) dual carriageway connecting Highway 401 with Kingston Road.

Highway 2A, despite being a spur route, retained in the provincial inventory until April 1, 1997, when it was transferred to the City of Toronto as part of a provincial downloading of highways to municipalities. Despite falling under municipal control, the highway continues to be named Highway 2A. The off ramp from westbound 401 lists Kingston Road with a number 2 regional road marker, despite the fact the road does not have any numerical designation within Toronto.

## Exit list

The following table lists the major junctions along Highway 2A. The entire route is located in Toronto.

| km | mi | Destinations | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 0.0 | 0.0 | Highland Creek Overpass | Parclo A2 connecting to Kingston Road and Lawson Road
Additional RIRO lane on westbound side between the Parclo to the east and Highland Creek to the west, separated from main highway by a concrete median strip. The lane has an entrance from Kingston Road westbound, and both entrances from and exits to Military Trail and Morrish Road |
|  |  | Kingston Road | Westbound entrance; access from eastbound 401 via exit 390 |
|  |  | Port Union Road | Modified Parclo A4 |
| 3.4 | 2.1 | Highway 401 | Eastbound exit and westbound entrance; westbound exit via Port Union Road; eastbound entrance via Kingston Road (Exit 390) |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
 | | | | | |

Sources Bibliography

## InfoBox

| Highway 2A | |
| --- | --- |
| Route information | |
| Maintained by City of Toronto (Toronto Transportation Services) | |
| Length | 3.4 km (2.1 mi) |
| Major junctions | |
| West end | Highland Creek overpass
(continues as Kingston Road) |
| Major intersections | Lawson Road
Kingston Road
Port Union Road |
| East end | Highway 401Kingston |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | Ontario |
|  | |
| Highway system | |
|  | |
| --- | |


title: 1973 in chess

abstract: Events in chess in 1973:

text:
# 1973 in chess

Events in chess in 1973:

## Top players

FIDE top 10 by Elo rating \- January 1973

1. Bobby Fischer  United States 2780
2. Mikhail Tal  Soviet Union 2660
3. Anatoly Karpov  Soviet Union 2660
4. Boris Spassky  Soviet Union 2655
5. Viktor Korchnoi  Soviet Union 2650
6. Lajos Portisch  Hungary 2650
7. Tigran Petrosian  Soviet Union 2640
8. Mikhail Botvinnik  Soviet Union 2630
9. Lev Polugaevsky  Soviet Union 2625
10. Bent Larsen  Denmark 2620

## Chess news in brief

* For the first time, the Interzonal phase of the new world championship cycle is expanded to fill two tournaments, as FIDE are determined to make more places available to zonal qualifiers. Viktor Korchnoi and Anatoly Karpov dominate the Leningrad Interzonal, each scoring 13½/17, ahead of Robert Byrne on 12½/17. Surprisingly, Brazilian newcomer Henrique Mecking steals the show at the Petropolis Interzonal, with 12/17, ahead of established players Efim Geller, Lev Polugaevsky and Lajos Portisch (all 11½/17). A play-off is held in Portorož to determine the Petropolis second and third qualifying places and Geller is eliminated.
* The final stage of the European Team Chess Championship is held at City Hall, Bath. Seven of the twenty-four teams that contested the preliminaries join the reigning champions (the USSR) in the final. Tragically, grandmaster Leonid Stein dies suddenly of a heart attack the evening before the Soviet team sets off. Nevertheless, the USSR go on to take the gold medal with 40½/56. Yugoslavia narrowly capture the silver medals with 34/56, ahead of Hungary (33/56). Efim Geller scores 90% to be the best individual performer. Despite being one of the world's top 20 grandmasters, he is playing on board seven and for the most part, faces relatively weak opposition. Seven of the Soviet ten-man squad take home individual gold medals, such is their dominance of the event. Most countries send their best players, with the exception of West Germany, who are missing Robert Hübner and Klaus Darga.
* Former world champion Mikhail Tal is the winner of several important tournaments. At Sochi, with 11/15, he outperforms recently deposed world champion Boris Spassky, (10/15) and Jan Smejkal (9/15). At Wijk aan Zee, he wins with 10½/15, ahead of Yuri Balashov (10/15) and at Dubna, shares the honours with Ratmir Kholmov (both 11/15). With further successes at Tallinn and Hastings (1973/74 edition), he may be in the best form of his career. Between July 1972 and April 1973 he plays 86 games without defeat, winning 47 and drawing 39.
* Boris Spassky comes back from his disappointment of 1972, to win the 41st Soviet Championship, a full point ahead of the USSR's other leading players. In an effort to re-establish the USSR's supremacy at the top of world chess, their federation officials, led by Viktor Baturinsky, decide to get 'tough' on the players. Those wishing to play abroad next year are ordered to take part in the national championship. Short draws are outlawed and the players encouraged to be more ruthless and serious in their future endeavours. In the context of a previous disagreement between Spassky and Baturinsky, insiders interpret the new doctrine as an ill-fated attempt to expose Spassky as the weakness in the camp.
* A strong double round robin tournament (also known as *2nd AVRO*) to celebrate 50 years of sponsor AVRO (a broadcasting society) and 100 years of organizer KNVB (the Royal Dutch Chess Association) is held at Hilversum, where AVRO is settled. László Szabó (who had achieved his first big international tournament victory already at the 1938/39 Hastings congress ahead of Euwe) and Efim Geller share first place with 9½/14, ahead of Ljubomir Ljubojević on 8½/14 and Ulf Andersson. Pre-tournament favourite Lev Polugaevsky, was coming in as shared fifth. Dutch rising star Jan Timman finished eight and last.
* Anatoly Karpov continues his rapid rise in the rankings, winning a Category 12 event at Madrid with 11/15, ahead of Vladimir Tukmakov (10½/15) and Semyon Furman (10/15).
* At Las Palmas, Tigran Petrosian and Leonid Stein share victory with 9½/15. Petrosian also succeeds at Amsterdam, this time shared with Albin Planinc (both 10/15), ahead of Lubomir Kavalek (9½/15).
* Efim Geller wins a strong tournament in Budapest with 10½/15, ahead of Anatoly Karpov (9½/15).
* Alexander Beliavsky (8½/11) fights off the twin challenge of Tony Miles (8/11) and Michael Stean (7½/11), to win the World Junior Championship in Teesside. Beliavsky loses both individual games to the Englishmen, but deals more ruthlessly with the tournament tail-enders.
* At the Hungarian Championship, held in Budapest, there is a three-way tie for first place between Andras Adorjan, István Csom and Zoltán Ribli (all 10/15).
* The first World Open chess tournament is held in New York City on June 30 - July 4, and is won by Walter Browne with a 9-1 score. 725 players participate in the event, which has a $15,000 prize fund.
* Having missed out on their bid to host the 1972 Fischer-Spassky match, organisers in Dortmund remain upbeat and arrange a tournament at Westfalenpark. It results in a three-way tie for first place, between Hans-Joachim Hecht, Ulf Andersson and Boris Spassky. The event doubles as the second Open German Championship and becomes the catalyst for a new series of annual events, known as the *Dortmunder Schachtage*.
* Bent Larsen wins the Manila tournament with 12½/15, from Ljubomir Ljubojević (11½/15) and Lubomir Kavalek (10½/15).
* At Tbilisi, IM Roman Dzindzichashvili shows he is comfortable in grandmaster company, sharing victory with Rafael Vaganian (both 11½/17), ahead of Evgeny Vasiukov (10½/17), Semyon Furman, David Bronstein, Eduard Gufeld and other established masters.
* London plays host to the Guardian Royal Exchange (GRE) tournament. In the Masters section, Jan Timman takes first (7/9) from Raymond Keene (5½/9), Samuel Reshevsky and Hans-Joachim Hecht (both 5/9). In the Masters Reserves section, John Nunn wins with 7/9.
* Georgy Tringov and Bruno Parma (both 9/14) fight off the challenge of fellow grandmasters Hans-Joachim Hecht, Ivan Radulov and Dragoljub Velimirovic (all 8½/14) at the biannual tournament Bora Kostic Memorial in Vršac. Pre-tournament favourite, Wolfgang Uhlmann finishes mid-table.
* Bent Larsen wins the Scandinavian Championship, held in Grenaa, Denmark, with 9/11. The 13,000 D Kr. prize fund attracts 111 entries. Larsen's share of the prize money amounts to 6,000 D. Kr. (about £420).
* Following William Hartston's 4½-1½ play-off win against Michael Basman in the British Championship, he and Jana Hartston become the first husband and wife pair to simultaneously hold men's and women's national championship titles.

## Births

## Deaths

* Leonid Stein, a leading Soviet GM and former world championship candidate - July 4
* Vasily Panov, Soviet IM, renowned as a theoretician, writer and journalist - January 13
* Hans Kmoch, Austrian IM, chess writer and occasional second to Alekhine - February 13
* Folke Rogard, Swedish lawyer and former President of FIDE - June 11
* Braslav Rabar, Croatian IM, former national champion, writer and theoretician - December 6
* Al Horowitz, American IM, renowned writer and chess columnist - January 18
* Manuel Golmayo Torriente, Cuban-Spanish master and International Arbiter - March 7
* Alexandru Tyroler, Hungarian-Romanian master, winner of first Romanian Championship - February 3
* Markas Luckis, Lithuanian-Argentine master, Olympiad medal winner - February 9


abstract: United Nations Security Council resolution 804, adopted unanimously on 29 January 1993, after reaffirming resolutions 696 (1991), 747 (1992), 785 (1992) and 793 (1992), and expressing its concern at lack of implementation of the "Acordos de Paz para Angola" in Angola, the council approved a recommendation by the Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali to extend the mandate of the United Nations Angola Verification Mission II for a further three months until 30 April 1993. The resolution condemned the violation of the "Acordos de Paz para Angola" peace agreement, including the resumption of hostilities during the 55 Day War, the initial rejection by UNITA of the election results, its withdrawal from the new Angolan armed forces and its seizure by force of provincial capitals and municipalities. It demanded that all parties cease fire, return to negotiations and agree to the full implementation of the peace agreement. The council also supported the efforts of the Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali and the special representative for their continuing efforts in this respect. It was the first time that resolutions on Angola had criticised UNITA. The resolution went on to consider the effect of member states on the peace process. It urged them to provide economic and technical assistance to the government of Angola and to support the implementation of the peace accords, and to prevent any direct or indirect interference from military or paramilitary forces. The security council also condemned the violations of international humanitarian law, seizure of foreign hostages and attacks on UNAVEM II, demanding that the Angolan government ensure its safety. Resolution 804 concluded by deploying UNAVEM II primarily in the capital Luanda, partly due to demands by African nations for a greater United Nations presence, requesting the Secretary-General to review developments and report back to the council before 30 April 1993.

text:
# United Nations Security Council Resolution 804

**United Nations Security Council resolution 804**, adopted unanimously on 29 January 1993, after reaffirming resolutions 696 (1991), 747 (1992), 785 (1992) and 793 (1992), and expressing its concern at lack of implementation of the "Acordos de Paz para Angola" in Angola, the council approved a recommendation by the Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali to extend the mandate of the United Nations Angola Verification Mission II (UNAVEM II) for a further three months until 30 April 1993.

The resolution condemned the violation of the "Acordos de Paz para Angola" peace agreement, including the resumption of hostilities during the 55 Day War, the initial rejection by UNITA of the election results, its withdrawal from the new Angolan armed forces and its seizure by force of provincial capitals and municipalities. It demanded that all parties cease fire, return to negotiations and agree to the full implementation of the peace agreement. The council also supported the efforts of the Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali and the special representative for their continuing efforts in this respect. It was the first time that resolutions on Angola had criticised UNITA.

The resolution went on to consider the effect of member states on the peace process. It urged them to provide economic and technical assistance to the government of Angola and to support the implementation of the peace accords, and to prevent any direct or indirect interference from military or paramilitary forces. The security council also condemned the violations of international humanitarian law, seizure of foreign hostages and attacks on UNAVEM II, demanding that the Angolan government ensure its safety.

Resolution 804 concluded by deploying UNAVEM II primarily in the capital Luanda, partly due to demands by African nations for a greater United Nations presence, requesting the Secretary-General to review developments and report back to the council before 30 April 1993.

## InfoBox

| UN Security Council<br>Resolution 804 | |
| --- | --- |
| Angolan capital Luanda | |
| Date | 29 January 1993 |
| Meeting no. | 3,168 |
| Code | S/RES/804 (Document) |
| Subject | **Angola** |
| Voting summary | * **15 voted for** * **None voted against** * **None abstained** |
| Result | Adopted |
| Security Council composition | |
| Permanent members |  |
| Non-permanent members |  |
|  | |


title: 1971 Liberian general election

text:
# 1971 Liberian general election

General elections were held in Liberia on 4 May 1971. In the presidential election, incumbent William Tubman of the True Whig Party was the only candidate, and was re-elected unopposed. In the legislative elections, the True Whig Party won all 52 seats in the House of Representatives.

## Results

### President

| Candidate | | Party | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | William Tubman | True Whig Party | 714,005 | 100.00 |
| Total | | | 714,005 | 100.00 |
|  | | | | |
| Source: African Elections Database | | | | |

### House of Representatives

| Party | | Seats |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | True Whig Party | 52 |
| Total | | 52 |
|  | | |
| Source: IPU | | |

## InfoBox

1971 Liberian general election
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Presidential election | |
| Nominee **William Tubman**    Party TWP   Running mate **William Tolbert**   Popular vote 714,005   Percentage 100% | |
| ---  **President before election**
William Tubman
TWP **Elected President**
William Tubman
TWP | |
|  | |


title: Stone Drums of Qin

abstract: The Stone Drums of Qin or Qin Shi Gu are ten granite boulders bearing the oldest known "stone" inscriptions in ancient Chinese. Because these inscribed stones are shaped roughly like drums, they have been known as the Stone Drums of Qin since at least the 7th century. Their fame is because they are the oldest known stone inscriptions in China, making them a priceless treasure for epigraphers. The stone drums are now kept in the Palace Museum, Beijing. They vary in height from 73 cm to 87.5 cm, and from 56 to 80.1 cm in diameter. The Stone Drums weigh about 400 kg. each.

text:
# Stone Drums of Qin

The **Stone Drums of Qin** or **Qin Shi Gu** (Chinese: 秦石鼓; pinyin: *Qín Shígǔ*; Wade–Giles: **Ch'in Shih Ku**) are ten granite boulders bearing the oldest known "stone" inscriptions in ancient Chinese (much older inscriptions on pottery, bronzes and the oracle bones exist). Because these inscribed stones are shaped roughly like drums, they have been known as the Stone Drums of Qin since at least the 7th century.

Their fame is because they are the oldest known stone inscriptions in China, making them a priceless treasure for epigraphers. The stone drums are now kept in the Palace Museum, Beijing. They vary in height from 73 cm to 87.5 cm (with one which was at one point used as a mortar reduced by the grinding to 58 cm), and from 56 to 80.1 cm in diameter. The Stone Drums weigh about 400 kg. each.

## Inscriptions

The ancient inscriptions on them are arranged in accordance with each stone's size and proportions, the largest stone bearing fifteen lines of five characters each, and a smaller one with nine lines of eight graphs each, neatly arranged as if in a grid. The contents are generally four-character rhymed verse in the style of the poems of the *Classic of Poetry*, a few lines of which they even paraphrase. The contents generally commemorate royal hunting and fishing activities.

Originally thought to bear about 700 characters in all, the Stone Drums were already damaged by the time they are mentioned in the Tang dynasty (618-907 CE) poetry of Du Fu. The drums had only 501 graphs by the Song dynasty (960-1279 CE), when the best rubbings now surviving were made (Mattos, p. 57. Cf. Guo Zhongshu). They have been further damaged through rough handling and repeated rubbings in the years since, and one was even converted into a mortar, destroying a third of it. A mere 272 characters are visible on the stones today. In the best rubbing, only 470 of the 501 characters are legible, or about 68% (Mattos p. 122); after omitting repeated graphs, this leaves us with a treasury of 265 different graphs, 49 of which are known from no other source (excluding recognizable variants). Even among recognizable graphs, scores of them are used in ways unattested elsewhere, leading to great difficulty and disagreement in their interpretation, a situation common to Zhou dynasty inscriptions (Mattos p. 122).

## Discovery

The Stone Drums are mentioned in the 7th century, and may have been found within the preceding century. There exists no record of their actual discovery, so the date and location thereof are unsettled, and are a matter of extensive scholarly controversy. Wagner (1990) speculates that the original location of the drums’ discovery may have been the Qin royal tombs or an associated ritual complex in Fengxiang County, Shaanxi Province, but also mentions another potentially relevant location: a mountain named Mount Shigu (石鼓山), or Stone Drum Mountain, in Chenzang (陳倉), about 25 km. southwest of Yong (Tianxing), the Qin capital from 677 to 383 BCE. Yong’s city walls have been found in Fengxiang, and the Qin royal tombs lie about 11 km. to the south.

## Dating

Like their discovery, the details of their origin have also long been subject to debate. While most now agree that they were made at the behest of a Duke of the state of Qin, the century of their creation is still uncertain; Mattos (1988) tentatively places them in the 5th century BCE. Chen Zhaorong (2003, p. 9) points out that the style of the Stone Drums script is extremely close to that of the inscriptions on both the *Qin Gong Gui* (秦公簋, *Gui* of the Duke of Qin, a bronze tureen) and a stone *qing* (chime), both belonging to Duke Jing of Qin, who ruled from 576 to 537 BCE. She states that it is very likely that these artifacts date to the same period, and thus dates the Stone Drums to the late Spring and Autumn period.

## Notes and references

## Further reading

* *The Stone Drums of Ch'in* by Gilbert L. Mattos, 1988.


title: Willem Mandigers

abstract: Willem Mandigers is a Dutch professional darts player who competes in World Darts Federation events.

text:
# Willem Mandigers

**Willem Mandigers** (born 4 June 1989) is a Dutch professional darts player who competes in World Darts Federation events.

## Career

Mandigers won the Turkish Open in 2014. At the 2014 World Masters he lost to Robbie Green in the first round 3–1. He qualified for the 2015 BDO World Darts Championship through the WDF regional qualifiers, he played Daniel Larsson in the Preliminary round and lost 3–1 in sets. He lost to Martin Phillips in the first round of the 2015 BDO World Trophy 6–3. At the 2015 World Masters he lost to Mark McGeeney in the first round 3–0. He qualified for the 2016 BDO World Darts Championship and lost to eventual champion Scott Waites in the first round. He was defeated by Krzysztof Ratajski in the preliminary round in 2017, but after a good season in which Mandigers once again won a tournament in Turkey, he won his first game at Lakeside in 2018 with a 3-0 win over Nick Kenny to reach the last 16.

## World Championship results

### BDO

## Performance timeline

| Tournament | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| BDO World Championship | DNQ | | | | | | PR | 1R | PR | 2R | QF | 1R |
| BDO World Trophy | Not held | | | | | DNQ | 1R | DNQ | 2R | 1R | 2R |  |
| Winmau World Masters | L136 | L136 | DNQ | | | L16 | L32 | L144 | L32 | L16 | L16 |  |
| Finder Darts Masters | DNQ | | | | | RR | DNQ | | QF | RR | NH | |

| Performance Table Legend | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| DNP | Did not play at the event | DNQ | Did not qualify for the event | NYF | Not yet founded | #R | lost in the early rounds of the tournament
(WR = Wildcard round, RR = Round robin) |
| QF | lost in the quarter-finals | SF | lost in the semi-finals | F | lost in the final | **W** | won the tournament |

## InfoBox

| Willem Mandigers | |
| --- | --- |
| Mandigers in 2020 | |
| Personal information | |
| Born | (1989-06-04) 4 June 1989
Eindhoven, Netherlands |
| Home town | Eindhoven, Netherlands |
| Darts information | |
| Playing darts since | 2006 |
| Darts | 23 Gram Datadart Darryl Fitton |
| Laterality | Right-handed |
| Walk-on music | "Tremor" by Dimitri Vegas & Like Mike |
| Organisation (see split in darts) | |
| BDO | 2009–2020 |
| WDF | 2009– |
| Current world ranking | (WDF) 149  (14 November 2023) |
| WDF major events – best performances | |
| World Ch'ship | Quarter Final: 2019 |
| World Masters | Last 16: 2014, 2018, 2019 |
| World Trophy | Last 16: 2017, 2019 |
| Finder Masters | Quarter Final: 2017 |
| Other tournament wins | |
| Tournament | **Years** |
| Denmark Open
Turkish Masters
Turkish Open | 2018
2017
2014 |


title: Oryctoantiquus

abstract: Oryctoantiquus is a genus of middle Eocene beetles in the Dynastinae clade. Oryctoantiquus is known for being the oldest known genus of Dynastinae and is also known for being the largest discovered Scarabaeidae so far. The genus only has one known species, O. borealis. The species and genus was found in Oregon, United States and dates from around 44.6 million years to 46.8 million years ago in the Clarno formation, middle Eocene epoch.

text:
# Oryctoantiquus

***Oryctoantiquus*** is a genus of middle Eocene beetles in the Dynastinae clade. *Oryctoantiquus* is known for being the oldest known genus of Dynastinae and is also known for being the largest discovered Scarabaeidae so far. The genus only has one known species, *O. borealis*. The species and genus was found in Oregon, United States (specifically north-central Oregon) and dates from around 44.6 million years to 46.8 million years ago in the Clarno formation, middle Eocene epoch.

## Description

Based on their single known fossil, *O. borealis* is estimated to reach 50 mm in length, 5 millimeters longer than the previous largest known Scarabaeidae fossil, *Cheirotonus otai*.

## Habitat & distribution

The only known fossil of *O. borealis* was found west of the town Mitchell, Oregon. Fossils of flora gathered in the same area indicated that they would have lived in a tropical, forested climate at the time that they thrived. However, during the time they were extant the climate of their habitat changed drastically from tropical to a cooler, temperate climate; this event is known as the Eocene-Oligocene extinction event. This led to *O. borealis* going extinct, as they were unable to thrive in the new temperate environment.

## Etymology

The genus name is derived from the Greek word oryktes, meaning "digger", and the Latin word antiquuis, meaning "old". Thus meaning "old digger", referencing both the Dynastinae family's digging adaptations and the 45 million year old age of the fossil. The species name is derived from the Latin word borealis, meaning "northern" or "north", referencing that *O. borealis* has a northern locality (in contrast to the mainly southern distribution of other beetles in the tribe of oryctine).

## InfoBox

| *Oryctoantiquus*
Temporal range: | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Scarabaeidae |
| Subfamily: | Dynastinae |
| Genus: | *Oryctoantiquus*
Ratcliffe and Smith (2005) |
|
| Type species | |
| ***Oryctoantiquus borealis***
Ratcliffe and Smith (2005) | |


title: Nigel Vonas

abstract: Nigel Vonas is a film, television, and theatre actor, perhaps best known for his roles on Prison Break and Arrow. He completed his first year of computer engineering at the University of Toronto, before choosing arts over science.

text:
# Nigel Vonas

**Nigel Vonas** is a film, television, and theatre actor, perhaps best known for his roles on *Prison Break* and *Arrow*. He completed his first year of *computer engineering* at the *University of Toronto*, before choosing arts over science.

## Career

He began his acting career in theatre, starring in several renowned American plays. The performances include his award-winning portrayal of Mike Downey, in the critically acclaimed play, Cherry Docs, by David Gow.

His film and television career began on *Stargate SG-1*, and he has since appeared on several other American TV series.

## Filmography

### Film and television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2003 | *Stargate SG-1* | Ryk’l | Episode: "Birthright" |
| 2004 | *Jake 2.0* | Frank | Episode: "Get Foley" |
| 2004 | *Smallville* | Sniper | Episode: "Resurrection" |
| 2004 | *Suite 48* | Raoul | Video short |
| 2004 | *The Chronicles of Riddick* | Merc |  |
| 2005 | *Thralls* | Cisco |  |
| 2006 | *Godiva’s* | Bouncer | Episode: "The Bigger Man" |
| 2006 | *The Gutter Diaries* | Leather Jacket |  |
| 2008 | *Sanctuary* | Cabal Team | Episode: "Fata Morgana" |
| 2008 | *Ba'al* | Shariff |  |
| 2008 | *Sweet Amerika* | The Russian |  |
| 2008 | *The Harvest Project* | Shawn |  |
| 2010 | *Pocho* | Alex | Short film |
| 2010 | *Rain Down* | Murray |  |
| 2012 | *True Justice* | Sadiq | Episode: "All In" |
| 2014 | *Supernatural* | Scarred Man | Episode: "Black" |
| 2015 | *Under Construction* | Dale Shepard | Unsold |
| 2015 | *Olympus* | Prisoner | Episode: "Pandora’s Tomb" |
| 2015 | *Across the Water* | Ryk’l | Short film |
| 2015 | *Falling Skies* | Morales | Episode: "Stalag 14th Virginia" |
| 2015 | *Arrow* | Walsh | 3 episodes |
| 2017 | *Sophie* | Kyle | Short film |
| 2017 | *Prison Break* | Security Guard | Episode: "Kaniel Outis" |
| 2020 | *The Serpent* |  |  |


title: One Night in Eden

abstract: One Night in Eden is a live concert recording by Sarah Brightman, inspired by her Eden album. The premiere concert held in Johannesburg, South Africa was recorded in 1999 and has been released on DVD and VHS.

text:
# One Night in Eden

***One Night in Eden*** is a live concert recording by Sarah Brightman, inspired by her *Eden* album. The premiere concert held in Johannesburg, South Africa was recorded in 1999 and has been released on DVD and VHS.

## Track listing

1. "Introduction"
2. "Baïlèro"
3. "In Paradisum"
4. "Eden"
5. "So Many Things"
6. "Who Wants to Live Forever"
7. "Anytime, Anywhere"
8. "Lascia Ch'io Pianga"
9. "Nella Fantasia"
10. "Nessun Dorma"
11. "Dive/Captain Nemo"
12. "La Mer"
13. "Il Mio Cuore Va"
14. "Only An Ocean Away"
15. "First of May"
16. "Phantom Overture & Little Lotte"
17. "Wishing You Were Somehow Here Again"
18. "Music of the Night"
19. "Deliver Me"
20. "Time to Say Goodbye"

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Argentina (CAPIF) | Platinum | 8,000^ |
| United States (RIAA) | Gold | 50,000^ |
| ^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## InfoBox

| One Night in Eden | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | David Mallet
Frank Peterson |
| Produced by | Sarah Brightman
Frank Peterson |
| Starring | Sarah Brightman |
| Distributed by | Angel |
| Release date | * 5 October 1999 (1999-10-05) |
| Running time | 92 minutes |


title: 1977 Japan Soccer League

text:
# 1977 Japan Soccer League

Statistics of Japan Soccer League for the 1977 season. This was the inaugural season of the Regional League promotion series, which replaced the Senior Cup as the source of the clubs promoted from the regional Japanese football leagues.

## First Division

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | PKW | PKL | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Fujita | 18 | 14 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 64 | 15 | +49 | 60 | Champions |
| 2 | Mitsubishi Motors | 18 | 9 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 34 | 21 | +13 | 47 |  |
| 3 | Hitachi | 18 | 9 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 36 | 25 | +11 | | 46 |
| 4 | Toyo Industries | 18 | 9 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 38 | 20 | +18 | | 42 |
| 5 | Yanmar Diesel | 18 | 8 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 39 | 28 | +11 | | 40 |
| 6 | Furukawa Electric | 18 | 8 | 2 | 0 | 8 | 33 | 31 | +2 | | 36 |
| 7 | Nippon Steel | 18 | 3 | 2 | 6 | 7 | 14 | 29 | 15 | | 22 |
| 8 | Nippon Kokan | 18 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 10 | 28 | 27 | +1 | | 20 |
| 9 | Fujitsu | 18 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 9 | 18 | 38 | 20 | 20 | To promotion/relegation Series |
| 10 | Toyota Motors | 18 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 17 | 11 | 81 | 70 | | 4 |

Source:

### Promotion/relegation Series

| JSL Division 1 | 1st leg | 2nd leg | JSL Division 2 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Fujitsu** | 3-1 | 3-0 | Nissan Motors |
| Toyota Motors | 0-2 | 0-2 | **Yomiuri** |

Yomiuri promoted, Toyota Motors relegated.

## Second Division

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | PKW | PKL | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Yomiuri | 18 | 11 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 41 | 19 | +22 | 47 | To promotion/relegation Series with Division 1 |
| 2 | Nissan Motors | 18 | 8 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 23 | 18 | +5 | | 43 |
| 3 | Sumitomo Metal | 18 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 33 | 32 | +1 | 35 |  |
| 4 | Yanmar Club | 18 | 6 | 4 | 0 | 8 | 25 | 24 | +1 | | 32 |
| 5 | Kofu Club | 18 | 6 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 28 | 28 | 0 | | 32 |
| 6 | Kyoto Shiko Club | 18 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 6 | 26 | 37 | 11 | | 31 |
| 7 | Honda | 18 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 7 | 25 | 24 | +1 | | 29 |
| 8 | Teijin Matsuyama | 18 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 7 | 24 | 31 | 7 | | 29 |
| 9 | Furukawa Electric Chiba | 18 | 5 | 2 | 4 | 7 | 19 | 28 | 9 | 28 | To promotion/relegation Series with Regional Series finalists |
| 10 | Tanabe Pharmaceutical | 18 | 6 | 0 | 3 | 9 | 21 | 24 | 3 | | 27 |

Source:

### Promotion/relegation Series

| JSL | 1st leg | 2nd leg | Regional Series |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Furukawa Electric Chiba | 0-0(PK2-4) | 1-3 | **Toshiba Horikawacho** (Runner-up) |
| Tanabe Pharmaceutical | 3-1 | 0-1 | Yamaha Motors (Champion) |

Toshiba promoted, Furukawa Chiba relegated.

## InfoBox

Japan Soccer League
| Season | 1977 |
| --- | --- |
| 1976 1978 | |


abstract: United Nations Security Council resolution 805, adopted unanimously on 4 February 1993, after noting the death of International Court of Justice (ICJ) judge Manfred Lachs on 14 January 1993, the Council decided that elections to the vacancy on the ICJ would take place on 10 May 1993 at the Security Council and at a meeting of the General Assembly during its 47th session. Lachs was a member of the court since 1967, and was its president between 1973 and 1976. His term of office was due to expire in February 1994.

text:
# United Nations Security Council Resolution 805

**United Nations Security Council resolution 805**, adopted unanimously on 4 February 1993, after noting the death of International Court of Justice (ICJ) judge Manfred Lachs on 14 January 1993, the Council decided that elections to the vacancy on the ICJ would take place on 10 May 1993 at the Security Council and at a meeting of the General Assembly during its 47th session.

Lachs was a member of the court since 1967, and was its president between 1973 and 1976. His term of office was due to expire in February 1994.

## InfoBox

| UN Security Council<br>Resolution 805 | |
| --- | --- |
| International Court of Justice | |
| Date | 4 February 1993 |
| Meeting no. | 3,170 |
| Code | S/RES/805 (Document) |
| Subject | **International Court of Justice** |
| Voting summary | * **15 voted for** * **None voted against** * **None abstained** |
| Result | Adopted |
| Security Council composition | |
| Permanent members |  |
| Non-permanent members |  |
|  | |