title: Oingt

abstract: Oingt is a former commune in the Rhône department of the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in eastern France. On 1 January 2017, Le Bois-d'Oingt, Oingt and Saint-Laurent-d'Oingt merged becoming one commune of Val d'Oingt. It is a classified and restored mediaeval village overlooking the valley of the Azergues river and belongs to the Pays des Pierres dorées, known for its use of local limestone containing iron oxide which gives it a distinctive golden colour. It is listed as one of the most beautiful villages of France.

text:
# Oingt

**Oingt** (French pronunciation: \[wɛ̃\]) is a former commune in the Rhône department of the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in eastern France. On 1 January 2017, Le Bois-d'Oingt, Oingt and Saint-Laurent-d'Oingt merged becoming one commune of Val d'Oingt.

It is a classified and restored mediaeval village overlooking the valley of the Azergues river and belongs to the *Pays des Pierres dorées* ("Golden stone country"), known for its use of local limestone containing iron oxide which gives it a distinctive golden colour. It is listed as one of the most beautiful villages of France.

## Geography

The village is located in the Beaujolais region, north-west of Lyon, west of Villefranche-sur-Saône and the A6 motorway. It is connected by the D120 (running north–south) to Le Bois-d'Oingt and by the D96 to Saint-Laurent-d'Oingt to the east and Theizé to the west.

### Topography and hydrology

The municipal area stretches along a north–south axis over several hills. The historic village is located at the top of one of these hills at an elevation of about 520 metres. The highest point in the municipality is found on a hill to the north-east of the village, at 652 metres. Nizy Creek, whose source is to the east of the village, falls towards the south along a small valley, reaching 358 metres at the town boundary.

## Localities

* *La Picotière*
* *La Gondolière*
* *Font-Vieille*
* *Le Crêt du Layet*
* *Les Vechères du layet*
* *Le Layet du haut et du bas*
* *Le Bourg d'en bas*
* *La Guillardière*

## History

Oingt was built as a Roman castrum, named Yconium, overlooking the approach to Lyon on the Roman road from Anse to Feurs. The Romans introduced the viticulture still prevalent today in the Beaujolais region.

The first mention of the lordship of Oingt is found in the cartulary of the abbey of Savigny-en-Lyonnais. In an act of 1093 Umfred d'Oingt is mentioned, whose descendants were lords of the village until 1382.

In the thirteenth century, Guichard III, Lord of Oingt, built a motte. Several other constructions in the vicinity were also the product of this noble family, in particular the Château de Châtillon-d'Azergues and the lordship of Oingt extended well beyond the present village. Its legacy can still be seen in the numerous remnants of the thirteenth century new castle, with its Nizy Gate and its Keep, which gave control over the whole region of the Azergues valley.

The present church is the old castle chapel. It boasts gilded wooden statues and a Gothic choir where the vaults are supported by eight carved columns, which are identified with the family of Lord Guichard IV of Oingt. One of his daughters, Marguerite d'Oingt, was one of the first writers in Franco-Provençal.

Due to a lack of male descendants, the lordship of Oingt passed to the Fougères family, then in 1525 to the Châteauneuf family of Vivarais, who took the name Châteauneuf de Rochebonne.

The village of Oingt was completely destroyed in 1562 by the Baron des Adrets and this was followed by an epidemic of plague that decimated much of the population of the village.

The last lord in the line of Châteauneuf de Rochebonne was Charles-François de Châteauneuf de Rochebonne, Archbishop of Lyon from 1731 to 1740. After him, the lordship was sold.

On 26 June 1757, lightning struck the steeple, built in 1745, killing six people and striking down two hundred, forty of whom suffered injuries. Tradition says that only the priest was spared.

In the last fifty years, the village has been restored to preserve its historical treasures. The castle chapel has been the object of particular care and today, as the village church, it is known for the fine quality of the columns of the choir and its statuary. The program continues with the old 15th-century town hall (which currently houses a variety of exhibitions), the paving stones of *Trayne-Cul* street, one of the oldest in the village, the development and opening to the public of the Keep, the establishment of street lighting in the village, as well as the refurbishment of the town hall and the lavoir ("washhouse, public laundry"). These efforts have been rewarded with the addition of Oingt to the list of the "Most beautiful villages of France".

Below the village to the west is the château de Prony, one of whose owners was Gaspard-François-Marie-Riche de Prony (1755-1839), engineer, member (eventually president) of the French Academy of Sciences and Engineer-in-Chief of the École Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées.

Like many French towns, Oingt suffered damage during the violent storms of December 1999. The school, church and many roofs mostly west of the village were the victims of this storm which also affected forests to the northwest of the town.

## InfoBox

| Oingt | |
| --- | --- |
| Part of Val d'Oingt | |
| View of the village. | |
|  | |
| Location of Oingt | |
| OingtOingt | |
| Coordinates: 45°56′55″N 4°34′59″E / 45.9486°N 4.5831°E / 45.9486; 4.5831 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes |
| Department | Rhône |
| Arrondissement | Villefranche-sur-Saône |
| Canton | Le Bois-d'Oingt |
| Commune | Val d'Oingt |
| Area**1** | 3.92 km2 (1.51 sq mi) |
| Population (2019) | 672 |
| Density | 170/km2 (440/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 69620 |
| Elevation | 358–652 m (1,175–2,139 ft)
(avg. 600 m or 2,000 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


# Stem cell transplantation for articular cartilage repair

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells found in multiple human adult tissues, including bone marrow, synovial tissues, and adipose tissues. Since they are derived from the mesoderm, they have been shown to differentiate into bone, cartilage, muscle, and adipose tissue. MSCs from embryonic sources have shown promise scientifically while creating significant controversy. As a result, many researchers have focused on adult stem cells, or stem cells isolated from adult humans that can be transplanted into damaged tissue.

Because of their multi-potent capabilities, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) lineages have been used successfully in animal models to regenerate articular cartilage and in human models to regenerate bone. Recent research demonstrates that articular cartilage may be able to be repaired via the percutaneous introduction of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC's).

Stem cells, as a concept, originated as a theory in the 19th century to potentially allow certain tissues to self-renew. There are five types of stem cells, and MSC's are multi-potent, meaning they are cells that have the ability to develop into more than one type of specialized cell. Mesenchymal stem cells were originally discovered and studied as fibroblast-colony-forming cells in guinea-pig bone marrow and spleen cells by Friedenstein in the 1970s. This study proved that the colony-forming units of bone marrow-derived stem cells were able to form cartilage once they were transplanted into a diffusion chamber. The results of this study set the stage for future research by indicating the differentiation capacity of MSC's.

## Current research

Research into MSC's has exploded in recent years. As an example, a PubMed search for the year 1999 reveals about 90 papers published under the MESH heading "Mesenchymal Stem Cells", the same search ran for the year 2007 reveals more than 4,000 entries. The most commonly used source of MSC's is bone marrow aspirate. Most of the adult bone marrow consists of blood cells in various stages of differentiation. These marrow components can be divided into plasma, red blood cells, platelets, and nucleated cells. The adult stem cell fraction is present in the nucleated cells of the marrow. Most of these cells are CD34+ heme progenitors (destined to differentiate into blood components), while very few are actually MSC's capable of differentiating into bone, cartilage, or muscle. As a result, that leaves a very small number of MSC's in the marrow as cells capable of differentiating into tissues of interest to joint preservation. Of note, this may be one of the reasons that commercially available centrifuge systems that concentrate marrow nucleated cells have not shown as much promise in animal research for cartilage repair as have approaches where MSC's are expanded in culture to greater numbers.

## Mesenchymal stem cell applications

Marrow-nucleated cells are used every day in regenerative orthopedics. The knee microfracture surgery technique relies on the release of these cells into a cartilage lesion to initiate fibrocartilage repair in osteochondral defects. In addition, this cell population has also been shown to assist in the repair of non-union fractures. For this application, bedside centrifugation is commonly used. Again, these techniques produce a very dilute MSC population, usually a yield of 1 in 10,000–1,000,000 of the nucleated cells. Despite this low number of MSC's, isolated bone marrow nucleated cells implanted into degenerated human peripheral joints have shown some promise for joint repair. As the number of MSC's that can be isolated from bone marrow is fairly limited, most research in cartilage regeneration has focused on the use of culture-expanded cells. This method can expand cell numbers by 100–10,000 fold over several weeks. Once these MSCs are ready for re-implantation, they are usually transferred with growth factors to allow for continued cell growth and engraftment to the damaged tissue. At some point, a signal is introduced (either in culture or after transplant to the damaged tissue) for the cells to differentiate into the end tissue

## Recent developments

Until recently, the use of cultured mesenchymal stem cells to regenerate cartilage has been primarily in research with animal models. There are now, however, two published case reports of the above technique being used to successfully regenerate articular and meniscus cartilage in human knees. This technique has yet to be shown effective in a study involving a larger group of patients; however, the same team of researchers has published a large safety study (n = 227) showing fewer complications than would normally be associated with surgical procedures.

Another team used a similar technique for cell extraction and ex vivo expansion, but cells were embedded within a collagen gel before being surgically re-implanted. They reported a case study in which a full-thickness defect in the articular cartilage of a human knee was successfully repaired.

While the use of cultured mesenchymal stem cells has shown promising results, a more recent study using uncultured MSC's has resulted in full-thickness, histologically confirmed hyaline cartilage regrowth. Researchers evaluated the quality of the repaired knee cartilage after arthroscopic microdrilling (also microfracture) surgery followed by post-operative injections of autologous peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPC) in combination with hyaluronic acid (HA).


abstract: The 1955–56 Illinois Fighting Illini men’s basketball team represented the University of Illinois.

text:
# 1955–56 Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball team

1955–56 Big Ten Conference men's basketball standings
|  | Conf | | | | |  |  | Overall | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Team | W |  | L |  | PCT |  |  | W |  | L |  | PCT |
| No. 4 Iowa | 13 |  | 1 |  | .929 |  |  | 20 |  | 6 |  | .769 |
| No. 10 Illinois | 11 |  | 3 |  | .786 |  |  | 18 |  | 4 |  | .818 |
| Ohio State | 9 |  | 5 |  | .643 |  |  | 16 |  | 6 |  | .727 |
| Purdue | 9 |  | 5 |  | .643 |  |  | 16 |  | 6 |  | .727 |
| Michigan State | 7 |  | 7 |  | .500 |  |  | 13 |  | 9 |  | .591 |
| Indiana | 6 |  | 8 |  | .429 |  |  | 13 |  | 9 |  | .591 |
| Minnesota | 6 |  | 8 |  | .429 |  |  | 11 |  | 11 |  | .500 |
| Michigan | 4 |  | 10 |  | .286 |  |  | 9 |  | 13 |  | .409 |
| Wisconsin | 4 |  | 10 |  | .286 |  |  | 6 |  | 16 |  | .273 |
| Northwestern | 1 |  | 13 |  | .071 |  |  | 2 |  | 20 |  | .091 |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Rankings from AP Poll | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

The **1955–56 Illinois Fighting Illini men’s basketball team** represented the University of Illinois.

## Regular season

Harry Combes, for the ninth consecutive year at Illinois, directed a team that would finish no worse than third place in the Big Ten. His 164 wins and 44 losses overall with a 94 and 30 record in the conference gave Combes three *"Final Four"* finishes as well as three conference championships. Combes' team, recruited by assistant coach Howie Braun, was exclusively recruited from the state of Illinois.

The 1955-56 team had talented lettermen return including the leading scorers George Bon Salle and team *"captain"* Paul Judson. It also saw the return of Bruce Brothers, Bill Ridley, Bill Altenberger, Hiles Stout, and future Illini head coach, Harv Schmidt. The team also added future NBA all-star Don Ohl as a sophomore. The Illini finished the season with a conference record of 11 wins and 3 losses, finishing in 2nd place in the Big Ten. Unfortunately the Illini would lose four total games with two of the four coming in the final three days of the season. The Illini's final Associated Press ranking placed them at *"#7"*, however; they maintained a *"#2"* national ranking for the final month of the regular season. The starting lineup included George Bon Salle at the center position, Bill Ridley and Paul Judson at guard and Harv Schmidt, Bruce Brothers and Don Ohl at the forward slots.

### Roster

| 1955–56 Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball team | |
| --- | --- |
| Players | Coaches |
| Pos. # Name Height Weight Year Previous school Hometown  8 Jim Chengary 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m) 190 lb (86 kg) So Bowen High School Chicago, Illinois  10 Hiles Stout 6 ft 4 in (1.93 m) 205 lb (93 kg) Jr Central High School Peoria, Illinois  11 Bill Ridley 5 ft 9 in (1.75 m) 160 lb (73 kg) Sr Taylorville High School Taylorville, Illinois  20 Bill Altenberger 6 ft 1 in (1.85 m) 179 lb (81 kg) Jr Senior High School East St. Louis, Illinois  22 George Bon Salle 6 ft 7 in (2.01 m) 215 lb (98 kg) Jr Loyola Academy Chicago, Illinois  24 Ted Caiazza 6 ft 7 in (2.01 m) 235 lb (107 kg) So Lyons Township High School LaGrange, Illinois  30 Phil Judson 6 ft 2 in (1.88 m) 165 lb (75 kg) Sr Alden-Hebron High School Hebron, Illinois  32 Bruce Brothers 6 ft 5 in (1.96 m) 200 lb (91 kg) Sr Quincy Senior High School Quincy, Illinois  33 Harvard Schmidt 6 ft 6 in (1.98 m) 190 lb (86 kg) Jr Kankakee High School Kankakee, Illinois  34 Paul Judson **(C)** 6 ft 4 in (1.93 m) 172 lb (78 kg) Sr Alden-Hebron High School Hebron, Illinois  35 Larry Breyfogle 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m) 165 lb (75 kg) So Lawrenceville High School Lawrenceville, Illinois  43 John Paul 6 ft 1 in (1.85 m) 175 lb (79 kg) So St. Edward High School Elgin, Illinois  44 Don Ohl 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m) 190 lb (86 kg) So Edwardsville High School Edwardsville, Illinois | Head coach Assistant coach(es)   ---  Legend* **(C)** Team captain * **(S)** Suspended * **(I)** Ineligible * **(W)** Walk-on  ---  Roster |

## Schedule

Source

| Date
time, TV | Rank# | Opponent# | Result | Record | Site (attendance)
city, state |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Non-Conference regular season | | | | | | | | | | | |
| 12/6/1955*
no, no | No. 8 | Butler | **W** 107–75 | 1-0
 | Huff Hall (4,535)
Champaign, IL |
| 12/10/1955*
no, no | No. 8 | at Missouri
*Rivalry* | **L** 73–74 | 1-1
 | Brewer Fieldhouse (5,800)
Columbia, MO |
| 12/13/1955*
no, no |  | at Notre Dame | **W** 103–93 | 2-1
 | Notre Dame Fieldhouse (4,300)
Notre Dame, IN |
| 12/17/1955*
no, no |  | Washington (*St. Louis*) | **W** 75–74 | 3-1
 | Huff Hall (4,444)
Champaign, IL |
| 12/19/1955*
no, no |  | DePaul | **W** 97–79 | 4-1
 | Huff Hall (4,747)
Champaign, IL |
| 12/23/1955*
no, no | No. 17 | Oklahoma | **W** 82–58 | 5-1
 | Huff Hall (3,390)
Champaign, IL |
| 12/29/1955*
no, no | No. 9 | Drake | **W** 102–66 | 6-1
 | Huff Hall (3,713)
Champaign, IL |
| Big Ten regular season | | | | | | | | |
| 1/2/1956
no, no | No. 9 | No. 16 Michigan State | **W** 73–65 | 7-1
(1-0) | Huff Hall (5,192)
Champaign, IL |
| 1/9/1956
no, no | No. 6 | Wisconsin | **W** 96–77 | 8-1
(2-0) | Huff Hall (6,069)
Champaign, IL |
| 1/14/1956
no, no | No. 8 | at No. 12 Indiana
*Rivalry* | **W** 96–72 | 9-1
(3-0) | The Fieldhouse (10,056)
Bloomington, IN |
| 1/16/1956
no, no | No. 8 | at Purdue | **W** 92–76 | 10-1
(4-0) | Lambert Fieldhouse (9,500)
West Lafayette, IN |
| 1/28/1956*
no, no | No. 5 | at DePaul | **W** 80–66 | 11-1
 | Chicago Stadium (15,254)
Chicago, IL |
| 1/30/1956
no, no | No. 5 | at Minnesota | **W** 95–84 | 12-1
(5-0) | Williams Arena (9,805)
Minneapolis, MN |
| 2/6/1956
no, no | No. 6 | Indiana
*Rivalry* | **W** 92–89 | 13-1
(6-0) | Huff Hall (6,912)
Champaign, IL |
| 2/11/1956
no, no | No. 6 | Ohio State | **W** 111–64 | 14-1
(7-0) | Huff Hall (6,154)
Champaign, IL |
| 2/13/1956
no, no | No. 6 | Michigan | **W** 89–66 | 15-1
(8-0)) | Huff Hall (6,135)
Champaign, IL |
| 2/18/1956
no, no | No. 3 | at Michigan State | **W** 96–76 | 16-1
(9-0) | Jenison Fieldhouse (9,094)
East Lansing, MI |
| 2/20/1956
no, no | No. 3 | Purdue | **W** 102–77 | 17-1
(10-0) | Huff Hall (6,135)
Champaign, IL |
| 2/25/1956
no, no | No. 2 | at Ohio State | **L** 84–87 | 17-2
(10-1) | Ohio Expo Center Coliseum (8,539)
Columbus, OH |
| 2/27/1956
no, no | No. 2 | Minnesota | **W** 97–81 | 18-2
(11-1) | Huff Hall (5,765)
Champaign, IL |
| 3/3/1956
no, no | No. 2 | at No. 10 Iowa
*Rivalry* | **L** 72–96 | 18-3
(11-2) | Iowa Field House (15,200)
Iowa City, IA |
| 3/5/1956
no, no | No. 2 | at Northwestern
*Rivalry* | **L** 82–83 | 18-4
(11-3) | McGaw Memorial Hall (8,500)
Evanston, IL |
| *Non-conference game. #Rankings from AP Poll. (#) Tournament seedings in parentheses.
All times are in Central Time. | | | | | | | | | | | |

## Player stats

| Player | Games Played | Field Goals | Free Throws | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| George BonSalle | 22 | 156 | 118 | 430 |
| Paul Judson | 22 | 160 | 84 | 404 |
| Bill Ridley | 21 | 109 | 104 | 322 |
| Harv Schmidt | 22 | 113 | 69 | 295 |
| Bruce Brothers | 22 | 51 | 58 | 160 |
| Don Ohl | 22 | 57 | 33 | 147 |
| Hiles Stout | 22 | 35 | 42 | 112 |
| Bill Altenberger | 18 | 19 | 15 | 53 |
| Ted Caiazza | 5 | 8 | 4 | 20 |
| Phil Judson | 6 | 7 | 4 | 18 |
| Jim Chengary | 9 | 7 | 0 | 14 |
| Larry Breyfogle | 9 | 5 | 1 | 11 |
| John Paul | 12 | 5 | 0 | 10 |
|

## Awards and honors

## Team players drafted into the NBA

| Player | NBA Club | Round | Pick |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Paul Judson | Syracuse Nationals | 2 | 13 |
|

## Rankings

## InfoBox

| 1955–56 Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conference | Big Ten Conference |
| Ranking | |
| Coaches | No. 8 |
| AP | No. 10 |
| Record | 18–4 (11-3 Big Ten) |
| Head coach |  |
| Assistant coach | Howie Braun (19th season) |
| MVP | Bruce Brothers |
| Captain | Paul Judson |
| Home arena | Huff Hall |
|


title: Uncle Walt's Band

abstract: Uncle Walt's Band was an Americana band founded in Spartanburg, South Carolina, by Walter Hyatt, Champ Hood, and David Ball. They were among the most popular acoustic bands in Austin, Texas, during the late 1970s and early 1980s, and were particularly noted for their intricate 3-part vocal harmonies as well as a sound that combined traditional country motifs with jazz, bluegrass, and Beatles-esque influences.

text:
# Uncle Walt's Band

**Uncle Walt's Band** was an Americana band founded in Spartanburg, South Carolina, by Walter Hyatt, Champ Hood, and David Ball. They were among the most popular acoustic bands in Austin, Texas, during the late 1970s and early 1980s, and were particularly noted for their intricate 3-part vocal harmonies as well as a sound that combined traditional country motifs with jazz, bluegrass, and Beatles-esque influences.

## History

Shortly after forming, Uncle Walt's Band moved from Spartanburg, South Carolina, to Nashville, Tennessee, in 1972, where they caught the attention of Texas singer-songwriter Willis Alan Ramsey, who would become the band's first noted fan. It was in 1972 that, with Ramsey's encouragement, the band first visited Texas where they would eventually reside.

The band returned to the Carolinas in 1974, recording *Blame It on the Bossanova*, their first record, at Charlotte, North Carolina's Arthur Smith Studios. It, and a similar release titled simply *Uncle Walt's Band* (released in 1978 with same songs in a re-shuffled order), were released on Hyatt's Lespedeza Records label.

In 1978, Uncle Walt's Band played a reunion gig in Austin, Texas, and the success that followed kept the band together in subsequent years. They played regularly in and around Austin until 1983, when they broke up after David Ball returned to Nashville to pursue his solo music career. During this period in Austin the band enjoyed considerable popularity and was a major influence on other artists including Lyle Lovett, Marcia Ball, Toni Price, Jimmie Dale Gilmore, and Lucinda Williams. During this time Uncle Walt's Band released two more albums on the Lespedeza label, *An American in Texas* (1980) and *Uncle Walt's Band Recorded Live* (1982), the latter of which was recorded at the Waterloo Ice House in Austin.

## Legacy

Hood and Hyatt both remained in Austin following Ball's departure. Hyatt moved to Nashville in the late 1980s but remained a frequent presence in the Austin music scene until his death on May 11, 1996, in the crash of ValuJet Flight 592. Hood lived and performed in Austin until his death from cancer on November 3, 2001.

Many Austin musicians continue to play songs written by members of Uncle Walt's Band. Hood's son Warren continues to reside in Austin and is a highly accomplished musician, including being a 7-time recipient of *Best String Player* at the Austin Music Awards. Much of his repertoire draws upon the music of Uncle Walt's Band. Warren's cousin Marshall Hood moved to Austin from Spartanburg as a cofounder of The Belleville Outfit, another young band strongly influenced by Uncle Walt's Band which was active from 2007-2011.

In 2007, during South by Southwest, the Austin Music Awards put together a tribute to Uncle Walt's Band, featuring Lyle Lovett and David Ball along with Warren and Marshall Hood. More recently, Warren and Marshall have reunited with Ball for a series of performances in tribute to Uncle Walt's Band under the name That Carolina Sound.

While Uncle Walt's Band's reputation and influence were strongest in the Southern U.S., particularly Austin and Spartanburg, the band also gained dedicated followings elsewhere including the University of California, Berkeley and Moscow University in Russia.

## Discography

### Original Studio and Live Albums

* *Blame It On The Bossanova* (1974, LP, also issued as *Uncle Walt's Band*), Lespedeza Record Co.
    + (2010 reissue, CD) King Tears Music.
    + (2019 reissue, CD) Omnivore Records, contains 11 demos and live tracks not released elsewhere.
* *An American in Texas* (1980, LP) Lespedeza Record Co.
    + (2010 reissue, CD) King Tears Music.
    + (2019 reissue, CD) Omnivore Records, contains 8 tracks from of *6-26-79*, and additional bonus live tracks and outtakes.
* *Recorded Live* (1982, LP, cassette) Lespedeza Record Co.
    + (2010 reissue, CD) King Tears Music.
    + (2019 reissue, CD) Omnivore Records, issued as *Live at the Waterloo Ice House* with some different takes, plus additional outtakes from same concerts.
* *6-26-79* (1983, Cassette) Lespedeza Record Co.
    + (2010 reissue, CD) King Tears Music. Contains original demo versions of "At Least Two Ways", "Far to Fall", and "You Keep Me Holding On", which were all re-recorded for *An American in Texas*.

### Compilation albums

* *The Girl On The Sunny Shore* (1991, CD, LP, cassette) Sugar Hill Records. Compilation of original songs first issued on *Blame It On The Bossanova* and *6-26-79*. Includes 2 outtakes from 1st album not released elsewhere.
* *An American In Texas Revisited* (1991, CD, LP, cassette) Sugar Hill Records. Compilation of original songs first issued on *An American In Texas*, *6-26-79*, and *Recorded Live*.
* *Anthology: Those Boys From Carolina, They Sure Enough Could Sing* (2018, CD) Omnivore Recordings. Contains mostly tracks from original album releases, but also outtakes and live tracks unique to this release.

## InfoBox

| Uncle Walt's Band | |
| --- | --- |
| Origin | Spartanburg, South Carolina |
| Genres | Americana |
| Years active | 1972 (1972)–1983 (1983) |
| Labels | Lespedeza |
|  | |
| Past members |  |


abstract: The West Village Historic District of Princeton, Massachusetts, encompasses the historic heart of its West Village. The 465-acre (188 ha) district abuts the Princeton Center Historic District to the east, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009. Although the district is located just west of Princeton's town center, it was originally rural in character, and only began to develop a separate village center on the junction that is now Hubbardston Road, Allen Hill Road, and Radford Road. The oldest properties in the district are colonial-era Georgian homes, while there are Greek Revival properties built in the village during a development phase in the early 19th century. In the second half of the 19th century the area began to develop as a resort area, and boarding houses and resort hotels were built. Development in the area declined significantly after c. 1920.

text:
# West Village Historic District (Princeton, Massachusetts)

The **West Village Historic District** of Princeton, Massachusetts, encompasses the historic heart of its West Village (also variously known as "Pratt's Corner" and "Lower Village"). The 465-acre (188 ha) district abuts the Princeton Center Historic District to the east, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.

Although the district is located just west of Princeton's town center, it was originally rural in character, and only began to develop a separate village center on the junction that is now Hubbardston Road, Allen Hill Road, and Radford Road. The oldest properties in the district are colonial-era Georgian homes, while there are Greek Revival properties built in the village during a development phase in the early 19th century. In the second half of the 19th century the area began to develop as a resort area, and boarding houses and resort hotels were built. Development in the area declined significantly after c. 1920.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| West Village Historic District | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| U.S. Historic district | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | Allen Hill, Goodnow, Hubbardston, and Radford Rds., Princeton, Massachusetts |
| Coordinates | 42°27′04″N 71°53′16″W / 42.451°N 71.88769°W / 42.451; -71.88769 |
| Area | 465 acres (188 ha) |
| Built | 1807 (1807) |
| Built by | Fay, Silas Jr.; et al. |
| Architectural style | Colonial, Federal |
| NRHP reference No. | 09000827 |
| Added to NRHP | October 16, 2009 |


title: Theodor Wonja Michael

abstract: Theodor Wonja Michael was a German child actor, journalist and public servant, as well as a prominent speaker on living as an Afro-German and a prisoner in Nazi forced labor camps during Nazi Germany.

text:
# Theodor Wonja Michael

**Theodor Wonja Michael** (15 January 1925 – 19 October 2019) was a German child actor, journalist and public servant, as well as a prominent speaker on living as an Afro-German and a prisoner in Nazi forced labor camps during Nazi Germany.

## Life

Theodor Wonja Michael was born in Berlin in 1925 as the youngest son of the Cameroonian colonial migrant Theophilius Wonja Michael and his German wife Martha (née Wegner). He had three siblings: James (b. 1916), Juliana (b. 1921) and Christiana. Michael's father worked in human zoos where his son also had to perform in stereotypical African dress.

When his mother died in 1926, he grew up as a half-orphan with foster parents, who were the operators of a human zoo and used him there from 1927, at the age of two, as an extra. His father died in 1934 and the siblings were separated. Although he finished elementary school in 1939, he could not move further in education due to the Nuremberg Race Laws. He initially worked as a porter in a Berlin hotel, but was dismissed due to a guest's complaint about his skin colour. His German passport was revoked and he became stateless. He was not drafted into the Wehrmacht because of his skin colour. He earned his living as a circus actor and as an extra in colonial movies made by UFA. Until 1942 he made about 100 colonial movies on behalf of the Reich Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda which glorified the German colonial era. The films were shot in Germany with black actors and offered black Germans and African migrants employment and protection from persecution. Prisoners of war were also used. Theodor Wonja Michael was clear about the intention of the films: "We were the Moors you needed. For us this was a question of existence". He also played a minor role as an extra in the film *Münchhausen* (with Hans Albers and others). In 1943 he was imprisoned near Berlin and forced to labor until the labor camp was liberated by the Red Army in May 1945.

After 1945 he worked as a civilian employee for the US occupation troops and took on roles as an actor. He completed his high school diploma and studied political science in Hamburg and Paris with a degree in economics. One of his academic teachers was Ralf Dahrendorf. He then worked as a journalist and became editor-in-chief of the magazine Afrika Bulletin. In spite of a lack of formal education about Africa, he was asked to serve as an expert. Michael's independent study of African intellectuals, such as Kwame Nkrumah, and contemporary thought, such as Léopold Sédar Senghor's Négritude, led him to amass a personal library of nearly 700 volumes. The collection was donated to the University of Bayreuth, though the books were integrated into the library's catalogue rather than being preserved as a collection. He was also a government advisor to the SPD, a lecturer for the German Foundation for International Cooperation and a civil servant at the Federal Intelligence Service. By his own account, he was Germany's first black federal official in civil service. He also took on qualified acting roles in theatre, film, television and radio.

He only found his siblings Juliana and James again in the 1960s. Later he lived in Cologne and was an active member of the black German community. In 2013, Michael published his autobiography, *Deutsch sein und schwarz dazu. Erinnerungen eines Afro-Deutschen*, which has been translated into English as *Black German: An Afro-German Life in the Twentieth Century*, and subsequently appeared in many television programs. Michael spoke out against contemporary racial discrimination in Germany and argued for legal protections against race-based discrimination. In 2018, he was awarded the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany for his work as a contemporary witness to history.

## Further reading

* Theodor Michael. *Black German: An Afro-German Life in the Twentieth Century*. Translated by Eva Rosenhaft. Liverpool, UK: Liverpool University Press, 2017.
* Priscilla Layne. "The Future Is Unwritten." In: *White Rebels in Black: German Appropriation of Black Popular Culture*. Ann Arbor, Michigan, University of Michigan Press, 2018. 978-0-472-12383-4
* Rowan Philip, *Washington Post*, Staff Writer. 2000. "German of color" *The Washington Post*, 23 October 2000.

## InfoBox

| Theodor Wonja Michael | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1925-01-15)15 January 1925
Berlin, Germany |
| Died | 19 October 2019(2019-10-19) (aged 94)
Cologne, Germany |
| Nationality | German |
| Known for | Journalist, activist, actor |
| Movement | Africanist |
| Parents | * Theophilius Wonja Michael (father) * Martha Wagner (mother) |
| Awards | Black History Month Award (2009) |


title: Opipramol

abstract: Opipramol, sold under the brand name Insidon among others, is an anxiolytic and tricyclic antidepressant that is used throughout Europe. Despite chemically being a tricyclic dibenzazepine (iminostilbene) derivative similar to imipramine, opipramol is not a monoamine reuptake inhibitor like most other tricyclic antidepressants, and instead, uniquely among antidepressants, acts primarily as a SIGMAR1 agonist. It was developed by Schindler and Blattner in 1961.

text:
# Opipramol

**Opipramol**, sold under the brand name **Insidon** among others, is an anxiolytic and tricyclic antidepressant that is used throughout Europe. Despite chemically being a tricyclic dibenzazepine (iminostilbene) derivative similar to imipramine, opipramol is not a monoamine reuptake inhibitor like most other tricyclic antidepressants, and instead, uniquely among antidepressants, acts primarily as a SIGMAR1 agonist. It was developed by Schindler and Blattner in 1961.

## Medical uses

Opipramol is typically used in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and somatoform disorders. Preliminary studies suggest that opipramol shows potential clinical significance in the treatment of severe sleep bruxism.

## Contraindications

### Pregnancy and lactation

Experimental animal studies did not indicate injurious effects of opipramol on the embryonic development or fertility. Opipramol should only be prescribed during pregnancy, particularly in the first trimester, for compelling indication. It should not be used during lactation and breastfeeding, since it passes into breast milk in small quantities.

## Side effects

Frequently (≥1% to \<10%) reported adverse reactions with opipramol, especially at the beginning of the treatment, include fatigue, dry mouth, blocked nose, hypotension, and orthostatic dysregulation.

Adverse reactions reported occasionally (≥0.1% to \<1%) include dizziness, stupor, micturition disturbances, vigilance, accommodation disturbances, tremor, weight gain, thirst, allergic skin reactions (rash, urticaria), abnormal ejaculation, erectile impotence, constipation, transient increases in liver enzymes, tachycardia, and palpitations.

Rarely (≥0.01% to \<0.1%) reported adverse reactions include excitation, headache, paresthesia especially in elderly patients, restlessness, sweating, sleep disturbances, edema, galactorrhea, urine blockage, nausea and vomiting, fever, collapse conditions, stimulation conducting disturbances, intensification of present heart insufficiency, blood profile changes particularly leukopenia, confusion, delirium, stomach complaints, taste disturbance, and paralytic ileus especially with sudden discontinuation of a longer-term high-dose therapy.

Very rarely (\<0.01%) reported adverse reactions include seizures, motor disorders (akathisia, dyskinesia, ataxia), polyneuropathy, glaucoma, anxiety, hair loss, agranulocytosis, severe liver dysfunction after long-term treatment, jaundice, and chronic liver damage.

It could also cause headache.

## Overdose

Symptoms of intoxication from overdose include drowsiness, insomnia, stupor, agitation, coma, transient confusion, increased anxiety, ataxia, convulsions, oliguria, anuria, tachycardia or bradycardia, arrhythmia, AV block, hypotension, shock, respiratory depression, and, rarely, cardiac arrest.

Since no antidote for tricyclic antidepressant overdose is known, its treatment remains largely supportive. Removal of the drug should be facilitated by vomiting or gastric lavage. Cardiovascular function should be monitored continuously for at least 48 hours. Arrhythmias should be treated on a case-by-case basis with an appropriate pacemaker and correction of metabolic irregularities, particularly electrolyte imbalances. Respiratory failure should be managed by intubation and artificial respiration. Convulsions should be managed with anticonvulsants (typically diazepam), while monitoring for any worsening in CNS depression. Hypotension can be treated by assuming the corresponding recovery position, by increasing plasma volume with saline infusions, or by pressors, such as adrenaline or dobutamine.

## Interactions

Opipramol can be co-prescribed with other psychiatric drugs, such as antidepressants, anxiolytics and antipsychotics, in which case it can interact with them. Most problematic interactions are generally additive or synergistic, such that, when drugs are combined, their effects intensify, which usually manifests as an increase in side effects, but can also be dangerous, depending on the drugs involved.

While opipramol is not a monoamine reuptake inhibitor, any irreversible MAOIs should still be discontinued at least 14 days before treatment. Opipramol can compete with other TCAs, beta blockers, antiarrhythmics (of class 1c) and other drugs for microsomal enzymes, which can lead to slower metabolism and higher plasma concentrations of these drugs. Co-administration of antipsychotics (e.g., haloperidol, risperidone) can increase the plasma concentration of opipramol. Barbiturates and anticonvulsants, on the other hand, can reduce the plasma concentration of opipramol and thereby weaken its therapeutic effect.

## Pharmacology

### Pharmacodynamics

Opipramol
| Site | Ki (nM) | Species | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **σ1** | **0.2–50** | Rodent |  |
| **σ2** | **110** | ND |  |
| SERTTooltip Serotonin transporter | ≥2,200 | Rat/? |  |
| NETTooltip Norepinephrine transporter | ≥700 | Rat/? |  |
| DATTooltip Dopamine transporter | ≥3,000 | Rat/? |  |
| 5-HT1A | \>10,000 | ? |  |
| **5-HT2A** | **120** | ? |  |
| 5-HT2C | ND | ND | ND |
| **α1** | **200** | ? |  |
| α2 | 6,100 | ? |  |
| D1 | 900 | Rat |  |
| **D2** | **120–300** | Rat |  |
| **H1** | **6.03** | Human |  |
| H2 | 4,470 | Human |  |
| H3 | 61,700 | Human |  |
| H4 | \>100,000 | Human |  |
| mAChTooltip Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor | 3,300 | ? |  |
| NMDA/PCP | \>30,000 | Rat |  |
| Values are Ki (nM). The smaller the value, the more strongly the drug binds to the site. | | | |

Opipramol acts as a high affinity sigma receptor agonist, primarily of the σ1 subtype, but also of the σ2 subtype with lower affinity. In one study of σ1 receptor ligands that also included haloperidol, pentazocine, (+)-3-PPP, ditolylguanidine, dextromethorphan, SKF-10,047 ((±)-alazocine), ifenprodil, progesterone, and others, opipramol showed the highest affinity (Ki = 0.2–0.3) for the guinea pig σ1 receptor of all the tested ligands except haloperidol, which it was approximately equipotent with. The sigma receptor agonism of opipramol is thought to be responsible for its therapeutic benefits against anxiety and depression.

Unlike other TCAs, opipramol does not inhibit the reuptake of serotonin or norepinephrine. However, it does act as a high affinity antagonist of the histamine H1 receptor and is a low to moderate affinity antagonist of the dopamine D2, serotonin 5-HT2, and α1-adrenergic receptors. H1 receptor antagonism accounts for its antihistamine effects and associated sedative side effects. In contrast to other TCAs, opipramol has very low affinity for the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors and virtually no anticholinergic effects.

Sigma receptors are a set of proteins located in the endoplasmic reticulum. σ1 receptors play key role in potentiating intracellular calcium mobilization thereby acting as sensor or modulator of calcium signaling. Occupancy of σ1 receptors by agonists causes translocation of the receptor from endoplasmic reticulum to peripheral areas (membranes) where the σ1 receptors cause neurotransmitter release. Opipramol is said to have a biphasic action, with prompt initial improvement of tension, anxiety, and insomnia followed by improved mood later. Hence, it is an anxiolytic with an antidepressant component. After sub-chronic treatment with opipramol, σ2 receptors are significantly downregulated but σ1 receptors are not.

### Pharmacokinetics

Opipramol is rapidly and completely absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract. The bioavailability of opipramol amounts to 94%. After single oral administration of 50 mg, the peak plasma concentration of the drug is reached after 3.3 hours and amounts to 15.6 ng/mL. After single oral administration of 100 mg the maximum plasma concentration is reached after 3 hours and amounts to 33.2 ng/mL. Therapeutic concentrations of opipramol range from 140 to 550 nmol/L. The plasma protein binding amounts to approximately 91% and the volume of distribution is approximately 10 L/kg. Opipramol is partially metabolized in the liver to deshydroxyethylopipramol. Metabolism occurs through the CYP2D6 isoenzyme. Its terminal half-life in plasma is 6–11 hours. About 70% is eliminated in urine with 10% unaltered. The remaining portion is eliminated through feces.

## History

Opipramol was developed by Geigy. It first appeared in the literature in 1952 and was patented in 1961. The drug was first introduced for use in medicine in 1961. Opipramol was one of the first TCAs to be introduced, with imipramine marketed in the 1950s and amitriptyline marketed in 1961.

## Society and culture

Opipramol as Insidon and Pramolan 50 mg tablets.

### Generic names

*Opipramol* is the English, German, French, and Spanish generic name of the drug and its INNTooltip International Nonproprietary Name, BANTooltip British Approved Name, and DCFTooltip Dénomination Commune Française, while *opipramol hydrochloride* is its USANTooltip United States Adopted Name, BANMTooltip British Approved Name, and JANTooltip Japanese Accepted Name. Its generic name in Italian and its DCITTooltip Denominazione Comune Italiana is *opipramolo* and in Latin is *opipramolum*.

### Brand names

Opipramol is marketed under the brand names Deprenil, Dinsidon, Ensidon, Insidon, Insomin, Inzeton, Nisidana, Opipram, Opramol, Oprimol, Pramolan, and Sympramol among others.

## InfoBox

Opipramol
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Clinical data | |
| Trade names | Insidon, Pramolan, others |
| Other names | G-33040; RP-8307 |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | International Drug Names |
| Routes of
administration | Oral |
| ATC code |  |
| Legal status | |
| Legal status | * BR: Class C1 (Other controlled substances) * In general: ℞ (Prescription only) |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | 94% |
| Protein binding | 91% |
| Metabolism | CYP2D6-mediated |
| Elimination half-life | 6–11 hours |
| Excretion | Urine (70%), feces (10%) |
| Identifiers | |
| IUPAC name * 4-\[3-(5*H*-dibenz\[b,f\]azepin- 5-yl)propyl\]-1-piperazinethanol | |
| CAS Number |  |
| PubChem CID |  |
| ChemSpider |  |
| UNII |  |
| KEGG |  |
| ChEMBL |  |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |  |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.005.687 |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C23H29N3O |
| Molar mass | 363.505 g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| SMILES * OCCN1CCN(CC1)CCCN4c2ccccc2\C=C/c3ccccc34 | |
| InChI * InChI=1S/C23H29N3O/c27-19-18-25-16-14-24(15-17-25)12-5-13-26-22-8-3-1-6-20(22)10-11-21-7-2-4-9-23(21)26/h1-4,6-11,27H,5,12-19H2 Y * Key:YNZFUWZUGRBMHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y | |
| NY (what is this?)  (verify) | |


abstract: This list of Negro league postseason games includes postseason participants of black baseball prior to the organization of any traditional Negro league and goes through to the collapse of segregated baseball after Jackie Robinson broke the baseball color line in 1946. Games include self-declared, regional and league champions, primarily in the "major league" era of Negro league baseball from 1920 to 1948. While black baseball did first play in 1867, postseason baseball can only be traced to 1913. As such, series length varied from time to time from best-of-two to best-of-five to even best-of-fourteen, and in postseason history there were thirteen ties. Negro baseball did continue after 1948, but it was at a quality that was considered minor by news of the time and historians. Historical research has revealed the existence of 23 years in which there was a postseason series held between Negro league teams. Box scores exist for just a fraction of the games.

text:
# List of Negro league baseball postseason games

This **list of Negro league postseason games** includes postseason participants of black baseball prior to the organization of any traditional Negro league and goes through to the collapse of segregated baseball after Jackie Robinson broke the baseball color line in 1946. Games include self-declared, regional and league champions, primarily in the "major league" era of Negro league baseball from 1920 to 1948. While black baseball did first play in 1867, postseason baseball can only be traced to 1913. As such, series length varied from time to time from best-of-two to best-of-five to even best-of-fourteen, and in postseason history there were thirteen ties (usually due to curfew rules). Negro baseball did continue after 1948, but it was at a quality that was considered minor by news of the time and historians. Historical research has revealed the existence of 23 years in which there was a postseason series held between Negro league teams. Box scores exist for just a fraction of the games.

## 1913 and 1921

While the Negro leagues from 1920 to 1948 are retroactively considered "major league", black baseball had existed for several years prior, with varying levels of organization. 1913 was a matchup of two teams considered the best of their regions: the New York Lincoln Giants of the East, and the Chicago American Giants of the West (as a whole, the "West" region for baseball at any level was considered to be in the city of Chicago or St. Louis, with the actual West Coast being reserved to other interests). Of all the matchups in Negro league playoff history, this one ended up being the most comprehensive of them all, as it was played over the span of three weeks in two different cities with fourteen games played. New York won eight games while Chicago won five (game two ended in a tie).

### 1913

**1913 Championship Series**: New York Lincoln Giants vs. Chicago American Giants *(New York wins series 8–5–1)*

#### Box scores

Game 1

| Team | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | R | H | E |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Chicago | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **3** | **11** | **2** |
| **New York** | 0 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | X | **8** | **15** | **2** |
| **W**: Smokey Joe Williams (1–0)  **L**: Charles Dougherty (0–1) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| **HRs**: none | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|

Game 2

| Team | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | R | H | E |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Chicago | 0 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | **11** | **13** | **2** |
| New York | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | **11** | **16** | **2** |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| **HRs**: none | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|

Game 3

| Team | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | R | H | E |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Chicago | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | **4** | **12** | **0** |
| **New York** | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | **5** | **10** | **1** |
| **W**: Smokey Joe Williams (2–0)  **L**: Bill Lindsay (0–1) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| **HRs**: none | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|

Game 4

| Team | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | R | H | E |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Chicago** | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 3 | **6** | **15** | **5** |
| New York | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **5** | **11** | **1** |
| **W**: Charles Dougherty (1–1)  **L**: Smokey Joe Williams (2–1) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| **HRs**: Bill Pierce (2) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|

Game 5

| Team | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | R | H | E |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **New York** | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | **8** | **10** | **0** |
| Chicago | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **0** | **6** | **5** |
| **W**: Smokey Joe Williams (3–1)  **L**: Bill Lindsay (0–2) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| **HRs**: Smokey Joe Williams (1) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|

Game 6

| Team | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | R | H | E |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **New York** | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | **3** | **8** | **2** |
| Chicago | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **1** | **7** | **3** |
| **W**: Lee Wade (1–0)  **L**: Bill Gatewood (0–1) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| **HRs**: none | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|

Game 7

| Team | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | R | H | E |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| New York | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 4 | **6** | **12** | **4** |
| **Chicago** | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | **7** | **11** | **3** |
| **W**: Bill Lindsay (1–2)  **L**: Lee Wade (1–1) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| **HRs**: none | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|

Game 8

| Team | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | R | H | E |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| New York | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | **5** | **9** | **3** |
| **Chicago** | 3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | X | **9** | **15** | **3** |
| **W**: Bill Gatewood (1–1)  **L**: Smokey Joe Williams (3–2) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| **HRs**: none | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|

Game 9

| Team | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | R | H | E |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| New York | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **1** | **5** | **1** |
| **Chicago** | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | X | **2** | **5** | **2** |
| **W**: Bill Lindsay (2–2)  **L**: Lee Wade (1–2) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| **HRs**: none | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|

Game 10

| Team | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | R | H | E |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **New York** | 1 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | **9** | **14** | **5** |
| Chicago | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | **3** | **8** | **4** |
| **W**: Smokey Joe Williams (4–2)  **L**: Bill Gatewood (1–2) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| **HRs**: none | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|

Game 11

| Team | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | R | H | E |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **New York** | 0 | 1 | 3 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | **11** | **14** | **4** |
| Chicago | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **6** | **10** | **2** |
| **W**: Smokey Joe Williams (5–2)  **L**: Bill Gatewood (1–3) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| **HRs**: Ben Taylor (1) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|

Game 12

| Team | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | R | H | E |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **New York** | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **3** | **10** | **2** |
| Chicago | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | **2** | **8** | **2** |
| **W**: Lee Wade (2–2)  **L**: Sam Crawford (0–1) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| **HRs**: none | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|

Game 13

| Team | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | R | H | E |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| New York | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **0** | **4** | **2** |
| **Chicago** | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | X | **3** | **8** | **0** |
| **W**: Steel Arm Johnny Taylor (1–0)  **L**: Smokey Joe Williams (5–3) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| **HRs**: none | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|

Game 14

| Team | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | R | H | E |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **New York** | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | **4** | **11** | **0** |
| Chicago | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | **1** | **9** | **0** |
| **W**: Judy Gans (1–0)  **L**: Bill Gatewood (1–4) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| **HRs**: none | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|

### 1921

The first Negro National League formed in 1920 with eight teams, with Rube Foster leading the way with his Chicago American Giants. While the organization of a league did not mean a uniform number of games, the league pennant was generally awarded to the team with the best winning percentage, although there would be numerous occasions when a League Championship Series would be held. At the conclusion of the 1921 season, Chicago had won their second straight NNL pennant. They accepted a challenge to meet the team considered the best of the East Coast in the Hilldale Club (two years later, the team was one of the founding members of the Eastern Colored League). Six games were played over the course of eleven days in three different cities as Hilldale won the series three games to two.

**1921 Championship Series**: Chicago American Giants vs. Hilldale Club *(Hilldale wins series 3–2–1)*

* October 4, 1921 at Baker Bowl (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania): Chicago 5, Hilldale 2
* October 5, 1921 at Baker Bowl (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania): Hilldale 4, Chicago 3
* October 10, 1921 at Harlan Field (Wilmington, Delaware): Chicago 5, Hilldale 2
* October 12, 1921 at Third Street and Erie Avenue Grounds (Camden, New Jersey): 5–5 tie
* October 13, 1921 at Hilldale Park, Darby, Pennsylvania): Hilldale 15, Chicago 5
* October 15, 1921 at Hilldale Park, Darby, Pennsylvania): Hilldale 7, Chicago 1

#### Box scores

Game 1

| Team | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | R | H | E |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Chicago | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | **5** | **7** | **1** |
| **Hilldale** | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | X | **2** | **5** | **4** |
| **W**: Bill Holland (1–0)  **L**: Willis Flournoy (0–1) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| **HRs**: Cristobal Torriente (1) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|

Game 2

| Team | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | R | H | E |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Chicago | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **3** | **6** | **2** |
| **Hilldale** | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | X | **4** | **9** | **2** |
| **W**: Phil Cockrell (1–0)  **L**: Tom Johnson (0–1) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| **HRs**: none | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|

Game 3

| Team | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | R | H | E |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Hilldale | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | **2** | **6** | **0** |
| Chicago | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | X | **5** | **7** | **0** |
| **W**: Bill Holland (2–0)  **L**: Dick Whitworth (0–1) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| **HRs**: George Dixon (1) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|

Game 4

| Team | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | R | H | E |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Chicago | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | **5** | **8** | **1** |
| Hilldale | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | **5** | **11** | **1** |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| **HRs**: George Johnson (1) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|

Game 5

| Team | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | R | H | E |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Chicago | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - | **5** | **6** | **1** |
| Hilldale | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 9 | 3 | X | - | - | **15** | **12** | **1** |
| **W**: Phil Cockrell (2–0)  **L**: Tom Williams (0–1) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| **HRs**: George Johnson (2); Phil Cockrell (1) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|

Game 6

| Team | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | R | H | E |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Chicago | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **1** | **5** | **1** |
| Hilldale | 0 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | X | **7** | **11** | **2** |
| **W**: Dick Whitworth (1–1)  **L**: Bill Holland (2–1) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| **HRs**: none | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|

## Colored World Series era

In 1924, the Negro National League and the Eastern Colored League agreed to meet in a postseason series of the two best teams in each league, which would be called a "Colored World Series". Since its inception, the National League had done a split-season schedule with first and second halves.

### 1924

**1924 Colored World Series**: Kansas City Monarchs vs. Hilldale Club *(Monarchs wins series 5–4–1)*

* October 3, 1924: Baker Bowl (Philadelphia): Kansas City 6, Hilldale 2
* October 4, 1924: Baker Bowl (Philadelphia): Hilldale 11, Kansas City 0
* October 5, 1924: Maryland Baseball Park (Baltimore, Maryland): 6–6 tie (thirteen innings)
* October 6, 1924: Maryland Baseball Park (Baltimore, Maryland): Hilldale 4, Kansas City 3
* October 11, 1924: Muehlebach Park (Kansas City, Missouri): Hilldale 5, Kansas City 3
* October 12, 1924: Muehlebach Park (Kansas City, Missouri): Kansas City 6, Hilldale 5
* October 14, 1924: Muehlebach Park (Kansas City, Missouri): Kansas City 4, Hilldale 3 (twelve innings)
* October 18, 1924: Schorling Park (Chicago, Illinois): Kansas City 3, Hilldale 2
* October 19, 1924: Schorling Park (Chicago, Illinois): Hilldale 5, Kansas City 3
* October 20, 1924: Schorling Park (Chicago, Illinois): Kansas City 5, Hilldale 0

### 1925

In 1925, for the first time ever, two different teams were champions of the split-half season, necessitating a Championship Series to determine the pennant, as Kansas City won the first half and the St. Louis Stars won the second half. The two teams initially agreed to a best-of-nine series before settling to seven due to scheduling problems. Bizarrely, the Monarchs played their home games not in Kansas City but in Chicago, and the final two games of the series were played as a double-header.

**1925 Negro National League Championship Series**: St. Louis Stars vs. Kansas City Monarchs *(Kansas City wins series 4–3)*

* September 19, 1925 at Stars Park (St. Louis, Missouri): Kansas City 8, St. Louis 6
* September 20, 1925 at Stars Park (St. Louis, Missouri): St. Louis 6, Kansas City 3
* September 23, 1925 at Stars Park (St. Louis, Missouri): St. Louis 3, Kansas City 2
* September 26, 1925 at Schorling Park (Chicago, Illinois): Kansas City 5, St. Louis 4
* September 27, 1925 at Schorling Park (Chicago, Illinois): St. Louis 2, Kansas City 1
* September 28, 1925 at Schorling Park (Chicago, Illinois): Kansas City 9, St. Louis 3
* September 28, 1925 at Schorling Park (Chicago, Illinois): Kansas City 4, St. Louis 0

#### Box scores

Game 1

| Team | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | R | H | E |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Kansas City** | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | **8** | **10** | **0** |
| St. Louis | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | **6** | **9** | **3** |
| **W**: Bullet Rogan (1–0)  **L**: Percy Miller (0–1) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| **HRs**: Newt Allen (1), Dobie Moore (1), Frank Duncan (1), Willie Wells (1) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|

Game 2

| Team | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | R | H | E |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Kansas City | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | **3** | **9** | **2** |
| **St. Louis** | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | X | **6** | **11** | **0** |
| **W**: Roosevelt Davis (1–0)  **L**: Nelson Dean (0–1)  **SV**: Percy Miller (1) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| **HRs**: Bill Drake (1), Mitchell Murray (1) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|

Game 3

| Team | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | R | H | E |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Kansas City | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | **2** | **5** | **1** |
| **St. Louis** | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | X | **3** | **4** | **2** |
| **W**: George Brown (1–0)  **L**: William Bell (0–1) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| **HRs**: Dewey Creacy (1) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|

Game 4

| Team | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | R | H | E |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| St. Louis | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **4** | **7** | **2** |
| **Kansas City** | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | **5** | **11** | **1** |
| **W**: Bullet Rogan (2–0)  **L**: Percy Miller (0–2) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| **HRs**: none | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|

Game 5

| Team | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | R | H | E |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **St. Louis** | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | **2** | **4** | **3** |
| Kansas City | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **1** | **4** | **1** |
| **W**: George Brown (2–0)  **L**: Bill Drake (0–1) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| **HRs**: none | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|

Game 6

| Team | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | R | H | E |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| St. Louis | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | **3** | **7** | **3** |
| **Kansas City** | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 1 | X | **9** | **9** | **2** |
| **W**: William Bell (1–1)  **L**: Percy Miller (0–3) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| **HRs**: none | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|

Game 7

| Team | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | R | H | E |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| St. Louis | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | **0** | **7** | **3** |
| **Kansas City** | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | X | - | **4** | **3** | **0** |
| **W**: Bullet Rogan (3–0)  **L**: George Brown (2–1) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| **HRs**: none | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|

**1925 Colored World Series**: Hilldale Club vs. Kansas City Monarchs *(Hilldale wins series 5–1)*

* October 1, 1925 at Muehlebach Field: Hilldale Club 5, Kansas City 2
* October 2, 1925 at Muehlebach Field: Kansas City 5, Hilldale Club 3
* October 3, 1925 at Muehlebach Field: Hilldale Club 3, Kansas City 1
* October 4, 1925 at Muehlebach Field: Hilldale Club 7, Kansas City 3
* October 8, 1925 at Baker Bowl: Hilldale Club 2, Kansas City 1
* October 10, 1925 at Baker Bowl: Hilldale Club 5, Kansas City 2

### 1926

In 1926, the first-half champion Kansas City Monarchs played against the second-half champion Chicago American Giants in a best-of-nine series. Game 9 ended after just five innings, having been played the same day as Game 8. Bill Foster beat Bullet Rogan in both games as Chicago won the pennant.

**1926 Negro National League Championship Series**: Kansas City Monarchs vs. Chicago American Giants *(Chicago wins series 5–4)*

* September 18, 1926 at Muehlebach Field (Kansas City, Missouri): Kansas City 4, Chicago 3
* September 19, 1926 at Muehlebach Field (Kansas City, Missouri): Kansas City 6, Chicago 5
* September 20, 1926 at Muehlebach Field (Kansas City, Missouri): Kansas City 5, Chicago 0
* September 21, 1926 at Muehlebach Field (Kansas City, Missouri): Chicago 4, Kansas City 3
* September 25, 1926 at Schorling Park (Chicago, Illinois): Kansas City 11, Chicago 5
* September 26, 1926 at Schorling Park (Chicago, Illinois): Chicago 2, Kansas City 0
* September 28, 1926 at Schorling Park (Chicago, Illinois): Chicago 4, Kansas City 3
* September 29, 1926 at Schorling Park (Chicago, Illinois): Chicago 1, Kansas City 0
* September 29, 1926 at Schorling Park (Chicago, Illinois): Chicago 5, Kansas City 0

**1926 Colored World Series**: Chicago American Giants vs. Bacharach Giants *(Chicago wins series 5–4–2)*

* October 1, 1926: Bacharach Park (Atlantic City, New Jersey): 3–3 tie
* October 2, 1926: Bacharach Park (Atlantic City, New Jersey): Chicago 7, Bacharach 6
* October 3, 1926: Maryland Park (Baltimore, Maryland): Bacharach 10, Chicago 0
* October 4, 1926: Baker Bowl (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania): 4–4 tie
* October 5, 1926: Baker Bowl (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania): Bacharach 7, Chicago 5
* October 6, 1926: Bacharach Park (Atlantic City, New Jersey): Bacharach 6, Chicago 4
* October 9, 1926: Schorling Park (Chicago, Illinois): Chicago 5, Bacharach 4
* October 10, 1926: Schorling Park (Chicago, Illinois): Bacharach 3, Chicago 0
* October 11, 1926: Schorling Park (Chicago, Illinois): Chicago 6, Bacharach 3
* October 13, 1926: Schorling Park (Chicago, Illinois): Chicago 13, Bacharach 0
* October 14, 1926: Schorling Park (Chicago, Illinois): Chicago 1, Bacharach 0

### 1927

In 1927, first-half champion Chicago met against second-half champion Birmingham Black Barons.

**1927 Negro National League Championship Series**: Chicago American Giants vs. Birmingham Black Barons *(Chicago wins series 4–1)*

* September 19, 1927 at Rickwood Field, Birmingham, Alabama: Chicago 5, Birmingham 0
* September 20, 1927 at Rickwood Field, Birmingham, Alabama: Chicago 10, Birmingham 5
* September 21, 1927 at Rickwood Field, Birmingham, Alabama: Birmingham 6, Chicago 5
* September 24, 1927 at Schorling Park, Chicago, Illinois: Chicago 6, Birmingham 4
* September 25, 1927 at Schorling Park, Chicago, Illinois: Chicago 6, Birmingham 2

**1927 Colored World Series**: Chicago American Giants vs. Bacharach Giants *(Chicago wins series 5–3–1)*

* October 1, 1927: Schorling Park (Chicago, Illinois): Chicago 6, Bacharach 2
* October 2, 1927: Schorling Park (Chicago, Illinois): Chicago 11, Bacharach 1
* October 3, 1927: Schorling Park (Chicago, Illinois): Chicago 7, Bacharach 0
* October 4, 1927: Schorling Park (Chicago, Illinois): Chicago 9, Bacharach 1
* October 8, 1927: Bacharach Park (Atlantic City, New Jersey): Bacharach 3, Chicago 2 (seven innings)
* October 10, 1927: Bacharach Park (Atlantic City, New Jersey): 1–1 tie (ten innings)
* October 11, 1927: Bacharach Park (Atlantic City, New Jersey): Bacharach 8, Chicago 1
* October 12, 1927: Bacharach Park (Atlantic City, New Jersey): Bacharach 6, Chicago 5
* October 13, 1927: Bacharach Park (Atlantic City, New Jersey): Chicago 11, Bacharach 4

## Wilderness era (1928–1941)

### 1928

The St. Louis Stars won the first half of the National League while the Chicago American Giants won the second half. The two-time defending league champion would play a best-of-nine series with the first four games in Chicago. However, it would be the Stars that would celebrate at the end of the series in St. Louis, as St. Louis recovered from a 4–3 series deficit by winning the final two games. They would not await the winner of the ECL, however. The ECL folded before finishing its season, thereby leaving the Stars as the lone league champion of the Negro leagues. 1929 saw the creation of the American Negro League and its one champion in the Baltimore Black Sox, but the ANL did not hold a playoff before it dissolved after the season ended.

**1928 Negro National League Championship Series**: Chicago American Giants vs. St. Louis Stars *(St. Louis wins series 5–4)*

* September 22, 1928 at Schorling Park (Chicago, Illinois): Chicago 7, St. Louis 3
* September 23, 1928 at Schorling Park (Chicago, Illinois): Chicago 3, St. Louis 0
* September 24, 1928 at Schorling Park (Chicago, Illinois): St. Louis 6, Chicago 4
* September 25, 1928 at Schorling Park (Chicago, Illinois): St. Louis 5, Chicago 4
* September 29, 1928 at Stars Park (St. Louis, Missouri): Chicago 5, St. Louis 3
* September 30, 1928 at Stars Park (St. Louis, Missouri): St. Louis 12, Chicago 7
* October 2, 1928 at Stars Park (St. Louis, Missouri): Chicago 9, St. Louis 7 (eleven innings)
* October 4, 1928 at Stars Park (St. Louis, Missouri): St. Louis 19, Chicago 4
* October 5, 1928 at Stars Park (St. Louis, Missouri): St. Louis 9, Chicago 2

### 1930

1930 is considered to have had four postseason series, as teams from the East Coast challenged both each other and the National League for who was best among black baseball. It started with two games in April between the St. Louis Stars and the Homestead Grays, which the Grays won. On August 21, they then played Detroit Stars for four games over the course of a week, winning three of them before returning to St. Louis to play them for five games. The Stars won four of the matchups, with the last one played on September 3. The Grays then played an "East Coast Championship Series" against the New York Lincoln Giants, which was a best-of-ten series that saw Homestead win that took place from 9/20-9/28. Around the same time, St. Louis and Detroit met up for the NNL Championship Series from 9/13 to 9/22, with St. Louis winning over Detroit.

**East-West Challenge Series**: Homestead Grays vs. St. Louis Stars & Detroit Stars

* April 19, 1930 at Stars Park, St. Louis, Missouri: Homestead 4, St. Louis 1
* April 21, 1930 at Stars Park, St. Louis, Missouri: Homestead 6, St. Louis 2
* August 21, 1930 at League Park, Akron, Ohio: Homestead 11, Detroit 3
* August 22, 1930 at League Park, Akron, Ohio: Homestead 16, Detroit 5
* August 27, 1930 at Hamtramck Stadium, Detroit, Michigan: Detroit 7, Homestead 5
* August 28, 1930 at Hamtramck Stadium, Detroit, Michigan: Homestead 5, Detroit 3
* August 30, 1930 at Stars Park, St. Louis, Missouri: Homestead 10, St. Louis 6
* August 31, 1930 at Stars Park, St. Louis, Missouri: St. Louis 9, Homestead 1
* September 1, 1930 at Stars Park, St. Louis, Missouri: St. Louis 6, Homestead 5
* September 2, 1930 at Stars Park, St. Louis, Missouri: St. Louis 18, Homestead 11
* September 3, 1930 at Stars Park, St. Louis, Missouri: St. Louis 6, Homestead 5 (eleven innings)

**1930 East Coast Championship Series**: Homestead Grays vs New York Lincoln Giants *(Grays win series 6–4)*

* September 20, 1930 at Forbes Field (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania): Homestead 9, New York 1
* September 20, 1930 at Forbes Field (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania): Homestead 17, New York 16 (ten innings)
* September 21, 1930 at Yankee Stadium (New York, New York): New York 6, Homestead 2
* September 21, 1930 at Yankee Stadium (New York, New York): Homestead 3, New York 2 (ten innings)
* September 25, 1930 at Penmar Park (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania): Homestead 11, New York 3
* September 25, 1930 at Penmar Park (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania): New York 6, Homestead 4
* September 27, 1930 at Yankee Stadium (New York, New York): New York 9, Homestead 8
* September 27, 1930 at Yankee Stadium (New York, New York): Homestead 7, New York 3
* September 28, 1930 at Yankee Stadium (New York, New York): New York 6, Homestead 2
* September 28, 1930 at Yankee Stadium (New York, New York): Homestead 5, New York 2

**1930 Negro National League Championship Series**: Detroit Stars vs. St. Louis Stars *(St. Louis wins series 4–3)*

### 1932

The Negro National League would have its first incarnation run until 1931. In 1932, two leagues came and went as "major league" status in the East-West League and Negro Southern League, but only the latter ran long enough to have a playoff series. The NSL was known for most of its history as a minor league, but 1932 saw the league composed of surviving NNL teams that made it a major league for this season only. As such, the NSL had a split-season schedule that saw its first half champion in the Chicago American Giants meet up against the second half champion Nashville Elite Giants for a Championship Series matchup.

**1932 Negro Southern League Championship Series**: Chicago American Giants vs. Nashville Elite Giants *(Chicago wins series 4–3)*

* September 3, 1932 at Schorling Park (Chicago, Illinois): Nashville 6, Chicago 5
* September 4, 1932 at Schorling Park (Chicago, Illinois): Nashville 3, Chicago 2 (fifteen innings)
* September 4, 1932 at Schorling Park (Chicago, Illinois): Chicago 5, Nashville 3
* September 18, 1932 at Sulphur Dell (Nashville, Tennessee): Chicago 10, Nashville 5
* September 21, 1932 at Sulphur Dell (Nashville, Tennessee): Nashville 5, Chicago 4
* September 21, 1932 at Sulphur Dell (Nashville, Tennessee): Chicago 5, Nashville 2
* October 6, 1932 at Sulphur Dell (Nashville, Tennessee): Chicago 9, Nashville 2

### 1934

The Negro National League re-formed in 1933. Historians dispute if there was postseason play during the year, as several teams matched up against each other in games called "playoff" or "exhibition" matchups.

**1934 Negro National League Championship Series**: Chicago American Giants vs. Philadelphia Stars *(Philadelphia wins series 4–3–1)*

* September 11, 1934 at Passon Park (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania): Chicago 4, Philadelphia 3
* September 16, 1934 at Schorling Park (Chicago, Illinois): Chicago 3, Philadelphia 0
* September 16, 1934 at Schorling Park (Chicago, Illinois): Philadelphia 5, Chicago 3
* September 17, 1934 at Schorling Park (Chicago, Illinois): Chicago 2, Philadelphia 1
* September 27, 1934 at Passon Park (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania): Philadelphia 1, Chicago 0
* September 29, 1934 at Passon Park (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania): Philadelphia 4, Chicago 1
* October 1, 1934 at Passon Park (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania): 4–4 tie
* October 2, 1934 at Passon Park (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania): Philadelphia 2, Chicago 0

### 1935

Second half champion New York Cubans was matched against first half champion Pittsburgh Crawfords. Pittsburgh came back from a 3–1 series deficit to win three straight games (all in Pittsburgh) to win the pennant.

**1935 Negro National League Championship Series**: New York Cubans vs. Pittsburgh Crawfords *(Crawfords win series 4–3)*

* September 13, 1935 at Dyckman Oval, New York, New York: New York 6, Pittsburgh 2
* September 14, 1935 at Penmar Park, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: New York 4, Pittsburgh 0
* September 15, 1935 at Dyckman Oval, New York, New York: Pittsburgh 3, New York 0
* September 18, 1935 at Greenlee Field, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: New York 6, Pittsburgh 1
* September 19, 1935 at Greenlee Field, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: Pittsburgh 3, New York 2
* September 20, 1935 at Penmar Park, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Pittsburgh 7, New York 6
* September 21, 1935 at Penmar Park, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Pittsburgh 8, New York 7

### 1936

1936 was the only year without a clear Championship Series winner. Both the first and second half champion were settled by disputes: The Washington Elite Giants played the Philadelphia Stars for the first half title, with the Giants winning 7–5 on September 17. The Pittsburgh Crawfords played the Newark Eagles in a five-game series that Pittsburgh won 3-1-(1) from 9/12-9/15. The Elite Giants and Crawfords played three games from September 21–27, but the Series was abandoned before it formerly ended, with Washington having won two games. Pittsburgh, having the best winning percentage among all teams, is generally considered the champion of the NNL.

### 1937

While the Negro National League did not have a Championship Series in 1937, the Negro American League (formed that year) did.

**1937 Negro American League Championship Series**: Chicago American Giants vs. Kansas City Monarchs *(Kansas City wins series 4–1–1)*

### 1938

The Negro American League attempted to hold a full-scale series for its pennant champion. The Memphis Red Sox won the first half of the season while the Atlanta Black Crackers won the second half. Two games were played in the Series but no further. The Black Crackers could not find a suitable venue to play their home games of the Series. It was decided two months later that the Red Sox were the champions of the league.

**1938 Negro American League Championship Series**: Memphis Red Sox vs. Atlanta Black Crackers *(Red Sox wins series 2–0)*

* September 18, 1938 at Martin Stadium (Memphis, Tennessee): Memphis 6, Atlanta 1
* September 19, 1938 at Martin Stadium (Memphis, Tennessee): Memphis 11, Atlanta 6

### 1939

For the first time ever, both the Negro American League and the Negro National League held postseason series to determine their champion. In fact, the NNL went further and had a four-team playoff to determine the champion.

**Negro American League Championship Series**: Kansas City Monarchs vs. St. Louis Stars *(Kansas City wins series 4–1)*

* August 31, 1939 at Holland Field (Oklahoma City, Oklahoma): Kansas City 4, St. Louis 1
* September 1, 1939 at Athletic Park (Muskogee, Oklahoma): Kansas City 7, St. Louis 2
* September 3, 1939 at Muehlebach Field (Kansas City, Missouri): Kansas City 6, St. Louis 5
* September 3, 1939 at Muehlebach Field (Kansas City, Missouri): St. Louis 5, Kansas City 1
* September 4, 1939 at Muehlebach Field (Kansas City, Missouri): Kansas City 7, St. Louis 0

**Negro National League Semifinals**: Baltimore Elite Giants vs. Newark Eagles *(Elite Giants wins series 3–1)*

* September 6, 1939 at Ruppert Stadium (Newark, New Jersey): Newark 8, Baltimore 6
* September 9, 1939 at Penmar Park (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania): Baltimore 11, Newark 3
* September 10, 1939 at Terrapin Park (Baltimore, Maryland): Baltimore 7, Newark 3
* September 10, 1939 at Terrapin Park (Baltimore, Maryland): Baltimore 5, Newark 2

**Negro National League Semifinals**: Homestead Grays vs. Philadelphia Stars *(Grays wins series 3–2)*

* September 9, 1939 at Penmar Park (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania): Philadelphia 12, Homestead 9
* September 10, 1939 at Cleveland, Ohio: Homestead 15, Philadelphia 9
* September 10, 1939 at Cleveland, Ohio: Homestead 6, Philadelphia 4
* September 14, 1939 at Penmar Park (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania): Philadelphia 5, Homestead 3
* September 14, 1939 at Penmar Park (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania): Homestead 3, Philadelphia 0

**Negro National League Championship Series**: Baltimore Elite Giants vs. Homestead Grays *(Elite Giants wins series 3–1–1)*

* September 16, 1939 at Penmar Park (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania): Homestead 2, Baltimore 1
* September 17, 1939 at Terrapin Park (Baltimore, Maryland): Baltimore 7, Homestead 5
* September 17, 1939 at Terrapin Park (Baltimore, Maryland): 1–1 tie
* September 23, 1939 at Penmar Park (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania): Baltimore 10, Homestead 5
* September 24, 1939 at Yankee Stadium (New York, New York): Baltimore 2, Homestead 0

### 1941

The Negro National League held a Championship Series in 1941 to determine its champion after the Homestead Grays won the first half and the New York Cubans won the second half.

**1941 Negro National League Championship Series**: Homestead Grays vs. New York Cubans *(Grays win series 3–1)*

## Negro World Series era (1942–1948)

In 1937, the Negro American League had formed. Five years later, they would agree with the Negro National League II to a matchup of the two best teams of their leagues to a "Negro World Series", the first of its kind since the 1920s. They would meet each other for the next six years, before the dissolution of the National League in 1948 saw the demise of the World Series and "major league" Negro baseball as a whole. 1943 and 1948 were the only occasions that a League Championship Series had to be held to determine the champion of the pennant.

### 1942

**Negro World Series**: Kansas City Monarchs vs. Homestead Grays *(Monarchs win series 4–0)*

* September 8, 1942 at Griffith Stadium: Kansas City 8, Homestead 0
* September 10, 1942 at Forbes Field: Kansas City 8, Homestead 4
* September 13, 1942 at Yankee Stadium: Kansas City 9, Homestead 3
* September 29, 1942 at Shibe Park: Kansas City 9, Homestead 5

### 1943

The first-half champion Birmingham Black Barons were tasked to face the second-half champion Chicago American Giants for the Negro American League pennant; Birmingham won in five games for their first ever league pennant.

**1943 Negro American League Championship Series**: Chicago American Giants vs. Birmingham Black Barons *(Black Barons wins series 3–2)*

**1943 Negro World Series**: Birmingham Black Barons vs. Homestead Grays *(Grays win series 4–3–1)*

* September 21 (Griffith Stadium) Birmingham 4, Homestead 2
* September 23 (Bugle Field) 5–5 tie (twelve innings)
* September 24 (Griffith Stadium): Homestead 4, Birmingham 3 (eleven innings)
* September 26 (Comiskey Park) Homestead 9, Birmingham 0
* September 28 (Red Bird Stadium): Birmingham 11, Homestead 10
* September 29 (Victory Field): Homestead 8, Birmingham 0
* October 3 (Rickwood Field): Birmingham 1, Homestead 0 (eleven innings)
* October 5 (Crampton Bowl) Homestead 8, Birmingham 4

### 1944

**Negro World Series**: Homestead Grays vs. Birmingham Black Barons *(Grays win series 4–1)*

* September 17, 1944 at Rickwood Park: Homestead 8, Birmingham 3
* September 19, 1944 at Pelican Stadium: Homestead 6, Birmingham 1
* September 21, 1944 at Rickwood Park: Homestead 9, Birmingham 0
* September 23, 1944 at Forbes Field: Birmingham 6, Homestead 0
* September 24, 1944 at Griffith Stadium: Homestead 4, Birmingham 2

### 1945

**Negro World Series**: Cleveland Buckeyes vs. Homestead Grays *(Buckeyes win series 4–0)*

### 1946

**1946 Negro World Series**: Kansas City Monarchs vs. Newark Eagles *(Eagles win series 4–3)*

* September 17, 1946 at Polo Grounds: Kansas City 2, Newark 1
* September 19, 1946 at Ruppert Stadium: Newark 7, Kansas City 4
* September 23, 1946 at Blues Stadium: Kansas City 15, Newark 5
* September 24, 1946 at Blues Stadium: Newark 8, Kansas City 1
* September 25, 1946 at Comiskey Park: Kansas City 5, Newark 1
* September 27, 1946 at Ruppert Stadium: Newark 9, Kansas City 7
* September 29, 1946 at Ruppert Stadium: Newark 3, Kansas City 2

### 1947

**1947 Negro World Series**: Cleveland Buckeyes vs. New York Cubans *(Cubans win series 4–1–1)*

* September 19: Polo Grounds: 5–5 tie (six innings)
* September 21: Yankee Stadium: Cleveland 10, New York 7
* September 23: Cleveland Stadium: New York 6, Cleveland 0
* September 24: Shibe Park: New York 9, Cleveland 4
* September 26: Comiskey Park: New York 9, Cleveland 2
* September 27: League Park: New York 6, Cleveland 5

### 1948

1948 was the first time since 1939 that each League held a Championship Series to determine the pennant. The tie in Game 3 of the NNLCS proved key to the end of the Series. In the top of the 9th inning, Homestead had erased a 4–4 tie with four runs that saw them with the bases loaded. However, a curfew of 11:00pm had meant that the game would be reverted to the score of the previous inning, which was a 4–4 tie. A protest filed by the Grays came after the playing of Game 4 (a Baltimore win). The NNL ruled that Game 3 would be replayed from the point where it had stopped in the ninth inning, not the previous inning. Baltimore, rather than play to an 8–4 deficit, forfeited that game and with it the Series.

**1948 Negro American League Championship Series**: Kansas City Monarchs vs. Birmingham Black Barons *(Black Barons win series 4–3–1)*

**1948 Negro National League Championship Series**: Homestead Grays vs. Baltimore Elite Giants *(Grays win series 2–1–1)*

**1948 Negro World Series**: Birmingham Black Barons vs. Homestead Grays *(Grays win series 4–1)*

* September 26, 1948 at Blues Stadium: Homestead 3, Birmingham 2
* September 29, 1948 at Rickwood Field: Homestead 5, Birmingham 3
* September 30, 1948 at Rickwood Field: Birmingham 4, Homestead 3
* October 3, 1948 at Pelican Stadium: Homestead 14, Birmingham 1
* October 5, 1948 at Rickwood Field: Homestead 10, Birmingham 6 (ten innings)

## Negro league baseball records

| Team | Postseason Years | Record | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| New York Lincoln Giants | 1913, 1930 | 12–11–1 | .522 |
| Chicago American Giants | 1913, 1921, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1932, 1934, 1937, 1943 | 40–42–7 | .488 |
| Memphis Red Sox | 1938 | 2–0 | 1.000 |
| Atlanta Black Crackers | 1938 | 0–2 | .000 |
| Nashville / Baltimore Elite Giants | 1932, 1939, 1948 | 10–8–2 | .556 |
| Hilldale Club | 1921, 1924, 1925 | 12–8–2 | .600 |
| St. Louis Stars | 1925, 1928, 1930, 1939 | 13–15 | .464 |
| Detroit Stars | 1930 | 3–4 | .429 |
| Philadelphia Stars | 1934 | 4–3–1 | .571 |
| Pittsburgh Crawfords | 1935 | 4–3 | .571 |
| New York Cubans | 1935, 1941, 1945 | 8–8–1 | .500 |
| Cleveland Buckeyes | 1945, 1947 | 5–4–1 | .556 |
| Newark Eagles | 1939, 1946 | 5–6 | .455 |
| Birmingham Black Barons | 1927, 1943, 1944, 1948 | 13–21–2 | .382 |
| Kansas City Monarchs | 1924, 1925, 1926, 1937, 1939, 1942, 1946, 1948 | 36–30–3 | .545 |
| Bacharach Giants | 1926, 1927 | 7–10–3 | .412 |
| Homestead Grays | 1930, 1939, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1945, 1948 | 27–24–2 | .529 |


title: New York City ePrix

abstract: The New York City ePrix was an annual race of the single-seater, electrically powered Formula E championship held in Brooklyn, New York. The inaugural event, the 2017 New York City ePrix, was a two-race event on July 15–16, 2017. The race did not return for the 2023 calendar, replaced by a race in Portland, Oregon.

text:
# New York City ePrix

The **New York City ePrix** was an annual race of the single-seater, electrically powered Formula E championship held in Brooklyn, New York. The inaugural event, the 2017 New York City ePrix, was a two-race event on July 15–16, 2017. The race did not return for the 2023 calendar, replaced by a race in Portland, Oregon.

## Circuit

The race was held on the Brooklyn Street Circuit, an enclosed track that has a bridge crossing the track and 2 grandstands along with the Allianz Village.

## Results

| Edition | Track | Winner | Second | Third | Pole position | Fastest lap | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2017
Race 1 | Brooklyn | Sam Bird
Virgin-Citroën | Jean-Éric Vergne
Techeetah-Renault | Stéphane Sarrazin
Techeetah-Renault | Alex Lynn
Virgin-Citroën | Maro Engel
Venturi |  |
| | 2017
Race 2 | Sam Bird
Virgin-Citroën | Felix Rosenqvist
Mahindra | Nick Heidfeld
Mahindra | Sam Bird
Virgin-Citroën | Daniel Abt
Audi Sport ABT |  |
| | 2018
Race 1 | Lucas Di Grassi
Audi | Daniel Abt
Audi | Sébastien Buemi
e.Dams-Renault | Sébastien Buemi
e.Dams-Renault | Felix Rosenqvist
Mahindra |  |
| | 2018
Race 2 | Jean-Éric Vergne
Techeetah-Renault | Lucas Di Grassi
Audi | Daniel Abt
Audi | Sébastien Buemi
e.Dams-Renault | Daniel Abt
Audi |  |
| | 2019
Race 1 | Sébastien Buemi
e.Dams-Nissan | Mitch Evans
Jaguar | Antonio Felix da Costa
Andretti-BMW | Sébastien Buemi
e.Dams-Nissan | Jean Eric Vergne
Techeetah-DS |  |
| | 2019
Race 2 | Robin Frijns
Virgin-Audi | Alexander Sims
Andretti-BMW | Sébastien Buemi
e.Dams-Nissan | Alexander Sims
Andretti-BMW | Daniel Abt
Audi |  |
| | 2021
Race 1 | Maximilian Günther
Andretti-BMW | Jean Eric Vergne
Techeetah-DS | Lucas di Grassi
Audi | Nick Cassidy
Envision Virgin Racing | Sam Bird
Jaguar |  |
| | 2021
Race 2 | Sam Bird
Jaguar | Nick Cassidy
e.Dams-Nissan | António Félix da Costa
Techeetah-DS | Sam Bird
Jaguar | António Félix da Costa
Techeetah-DS |  |
| | 2022
Race 1 | Nick Cassidy
Envision-Audi | Lucas di Grassi
Venturi-Mercedes | Robin Frijns
Envision-Audi | Nick Cassidy
Envision-Audi | Edoardo Mortara
Venturi-Mercedes |  |
| | 2022
Race 2 | António Félix da Costa
Techeetah-DS | Stoffel Vandoorne
Mercedes | Mitch Evans
Jaguar | António Félix da Costa
Techeetah-DS | Edoardo Mortara
Venturi-Mercedes |  |

### Repeat winners (drivers)

| Wins | Driver | Years won |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 3 | Sam Bird | 2017 (Race 1), 2017 (Race 2), 2021 (Race 2) |
| Source: | | |

## InfoBox

New York City ePrix
| Brooklyn Street Circuit (2021–2022) | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Race information | |
| Number of times held | 5 |
| First held | 2017 |
| Last held | 2022 |
| Most wins (drivers) | Sam Bird (3) |
| Most wins (constructors) | Envision/Virgin (4) |
| Circuit length | 2.374 km (1.475 miles) |
| Laps | 39 |
| Last race (2022 Race 2) | |
| Pole position | |
|  | |
| Podium | |
|  | |
| Fastest lap | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: 1965 San Francisco Giants season

abstract: The 1965 San Francisco Giants season was the Giants' 83rd year in Major League Baseball, their eighth year in San Francisco since their move from New York following the 1957 season, and their sixth at Candlestick Park. The team finished in second place in the National League with a 95–67 record, 2 games behind the Los Angeles Dodgers.

text:
# 1965 San Francisco Giants season

The **1965 San Francisco Giants season** was the Giants' 83rd year in Major League Baseball, their eighth year in San Francisco since their move from New York following the 1957 season, and their sixth at Candlestick Park. The team finished in second place in the National League with a 95–67 record, 2 games behind the Los Angeles Dodgers.

## Offseason

## Regular season

### Season standings

National League
| Team |  |  | Pct. | GB | Home | Road |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Los Angeles Dodgers | 97 | 65 | .599 |  | 5031 | 4734 |
| San Francisco Giants | 95 | 67 | .586 | 2 | 5130 | 4437 |
| Pittsburgh Pirates | 90 | 72 | .556 | 7 | 4932 | 4140 |
| Cincinnati Reds | 89 | 73 | .549 | 8 | 4932 | 4041 |
| Milwaukee Braves | 86 | 76 | .531 | 11 | 4437 | 4239 |
| Philadelphia Phillies | 85 | 76 | .528 | 11½ | 4535 | 4041 |
| St. Louis Cardinals | 80 | 81 | .497 | 16½ | 4239 | 3842 |
| Chicago Cubs | 72 | 90 | .444 | 25 | 4041 | 3249 |
| Houston Astros | 65 | 97 | .401 | 32 | 3645 | 2952 |
| New York Mets | 50 | 112 | .309 | 47 | 2952 | 2160 |

### Record vs. opponents

|
Sources: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Team | CHC | CIN | HOU | LAD | MIL | NYM | PHI | PIT | SF | STL |
| Chicago |  | 7–11 | 8–10 | 8–10 | 9–9 | 11–7–1 | 8–10 | 5–13 | 6–12 | 10–8–1 |
| Cincinnati | 11–7 |  | 12–6 | 6–12 | 12–6 | 11–7 | 13–5 | 8–10 | 6–12 | 10–8 |
| Houston | 10–8 | 6–12 |  | 5–13 | 4–14 | 14–4 | 6–12 | 8–10 | 3–15 | 9–9 |
| Los Angeles | 10–8 | 12–6 | 13–5 |  | 10–8 | 12–6 | 9–9 | 9–9 | 10–8 | 12–6 |
| Milwaukee | 9–9 | 6–12 | 14–4 | 8–10 |  | 13–5 | 6–12 | 9–9 | 10–8 | 11–7 |
| New York | 7–11–1 | 7–11 | 4–14 | 6–12 | 5–13 |  | 7–11–1 | 4–14 | 5–13 | 5–13 |
| Philadelphia | 10–8 | 5–13 | 12–6 | 9–9 | 12–6 | 11–7–1 |  | 8–10 | 8–10 | 10–7 |
| Pittsburgh | 13–5 | 10–8 | 10–8 | 9–9 | 9–9 | 14–4 | 10–8 |  | 11–7–1 | 4–14 |
| San Francisco | 12–6 | 12–6 | 15–3 | 8–10 | 8–10 | 13–5 | 10–8 | 7–11–1 |  | 10–8 |
| St. Louis | 8–10–1 | 8–10 | 9–9 | 6–12 | 7–11 | 13–5 | 7–10 | 14–4 | 8–10 |  |

### Opening Day lineup

### Notable transactions

## Game log and schedule

| Legend | |
| --- | --- |
|  | Giants win |
|  | Giants loss |
|  | Postponement |
| **Bold** | Giants team member |

| 1965 Game Log (95–67) (Home: 51–30; Road: 44–37) |
| --- |
|
| April (7–9) (Home: 4–4; Road: 3–5)    # Date Opponent Score Win Loss Save Stadium Attendance Record Report |
| May (19–11) (Home: 12–6; Road: 7–5)    # Date Opponent Score Win Loss Save Stadium Attendance Record Report |
| June (14–13) (Home: 8–6; Road: 6–7)    # Date Opponent Score Win Loss Save Stadium Attendance Record Report |
| July (15–10) (Home: 8–4; Road: 7–6)    # Date Opponent Score Win Loss Save Stadium Attendance Record Report |
| August (17–14) (Home: 8–5; Road: 9–9)    # Date Opponent Score Win Loss Save Stadium Attendance Record Report |
| September (21–9) (Home: 9–4; Road: 12–5)    # Date Opponent Score Win Loss Save Stadium Attendance Record Report |
| October (2–1) (Home: 2–1)    # Date Opponent Score Win Loss Save Stadium Attendance Record Report |

### Roster

| 1965 San Francisco Giants | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Roster** | | | | | | | | | |
| **Pitchers** |  | **Catchers** **Infielders** |  | **Outfielders** |  | **Manager** **Coaches** |
|

### Juan Marichal bat incident

On August 22, 1965, Giants pitcher Juan Marichal was involved in a notorious incident that occurred in a game played against the Los Angeles Dodgers. Batting against Sandy Koufax, Marichal felt that Dodger catcher Johnny Roseboro's return throws had flown too close to his head. Words were exchanged, and Roseboro, throwing off his catcher's helmet and mask, rose to continue the argument. Marichal responded by hitting Roseboro's unprotected head with his bat. The benches cleared into a 14-minute brawl, while Giant captain Willie Mays escorted the bleeding Roseboro (who would require 14 stitches) back to the clubhouse. Marichal was ejected, suspended for nine days and fined US$1,750. Roseboro filed a lawsuit, but eventually settled out of court, supposedly for $7,000. Marichal and Roseboro would eventually go on to become close friends, reconciling any personal animosity and even autographing photographs of the brawl.

The image of Marichal raising his bat over his head to deliver a blow to Roseboro was carried in practically every newspaper in the nation and re-printed in Life magazine. Many people protested the apparently light punishment meted out, but as it was it hurt the Giants considerably. They were in a neck-and-neck pennant race with the Dodgers and the race was decided with only two games to play. Marichal's nine-day suspension cost him two pitching turns, and the Giants lost the pennant by two games.

## Player stats

### Batting

#### Starters by position

*Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in*

| Pos | Player | G | AB | H | Avg. | HR | RBI |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| C | Tom Haller | 134 | 422 | 106 | .251 | 16 | 49 |
| 1B | Willie McCovey | 160 | 540 | 149 | .276 | 39 | 92 |
| 2B | Hal Lanier | 159 | 522 | 118 | .226 | 0 | 39 |
| SS | Dick Schofield | 101 | 379 | 77 | .203 | 2 | 19 |
| 3B | Jim Ray Hart | 160 | 591 | 177 | .299 | 23 | 96 |
| LF | Len Gabrielson | 88 | 269 | 81 | .301 | 4 | 26 |
| CF | Willie Mays | 157 | 558 | 177 | .317 | 52 | 112 |
| RF | Jesús Alou | 143 | 543 | 162 | .298 | 9 | 52 |

#### Other batters

*Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in*

| Player | G | AB | H | Avg. | HR | RBI |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Matty Alou | 117 | 324 | 75 | .231 | 2 | 18 |
| Jim Davenport | 106 | 271 | 68 | .251 | 4 | 31 |
| Cap Peterson | 63 | 105 | 26 | .248 | 3 | 15 |
| José Pagán | 26 | 83 | 17 | .205 | 0 | 5 |
| Ken Henderson | 63 | 73 | 14 | .192 | 0 | 7 |
| Tito Fuentes | 26 | 72 | 15 | .208 | 0 | 1 |
| Jack Hiatt | 40 | 67 | 19 | .284 | 1 | 7 |
| Harvey Kuenn | 23 | 59 | 14 | .237 | 0 | 6 |
| Dick Bertell | 22 | 48 | 9 | .188 | 0 | 3 |
| Orlando Cepeda | 33 | 34 | 6 | .176 | 1 | 5 |
| Ed Bailey | 24 | 28 | 3 | .107 | 0 | 3 |
| Bob Burda | 31 | 27 | 3 | .111 | 0 | 5 |
| Randy Hundley | 6 | 15 | 1 | .067 | 0 | 0 |
| Ollie Brown | 6 | 10 | 2 | .200 | 0 | 0 |
| Bob Schroder | 31 | 9 | 2 | .222 | 0 | 1 |
| Bob Barton | 4 | 7 | 4 | .571 | 0 | 1 |
| Chuck Hiller | 7 | 7 | 1 | .143 | 1 | 1 |

### Pitching

#### Starting pitchers

*Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts*

| Player | G | IP | W | L | ERA | SO |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Juan Marichal | 39 | 295.1 | 22 | 13 | 2.13 | 240 |
| Bob Shaw | 42 | 235.0 | 16 | 9 | 2.64 | 148 |
| Gaylord Perry | 47 | 195.2 | 8 | 12 | 4.19 | 170 |
| Jack Sanford | 23 | 91.0 | 4 | 5 | 3.96 | 43 |
| Warren Spahn | 16 | 71.2 | 3 | 4 | 3.39 | 34 |

#### Other pitchers

*Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts*

| Player | G | IP | W | L | ERA | SO |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Ron Herbel | 47 | 170.2 | 12 | 9 | 3.85 | 106 |
| Bobby Bolin | 45 | 163.0 | 14 | 6 | 2.76 | 135 |
| Bob Hendley | 8 | 15.0 | 0 | 0 | 12.60 | 8 |
| Dick Estelle | 6 | 11.1 | 0 | 0 | 3.97 | 6 |
| Bill Hands | 4 | 6.0 | 0 | 2 | 16.50 | 5 |

#### Relief pitchers

*Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts*

| Player | G | W | L | SV | ERA | SO |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Frank Linzy | 57 | 9 | 3 | 20 | 1.43 | 35 |
| Masanori Murakami | 45 | 4 | 1 | 8 | 3.75 | 85 |
| Bill Henry | 35 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 3.64 | 35 |
| Bob Priddy | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1.74 | 7 |
| Jim Duffalo | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 27.00 | 0 |

## Awards and honors

### All-Stars

**All-Star Game**

## Farm system

| Level | Team | League | Manager |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| AAA | Tacoma Giants | Pacific Coast League | Bill Werle |
| AA | Springfield Giants | Eastern League | Andy Gilbert |
|  | Fresno Giants | California League | Ed Fitz Gerald |
|  | Decatur Commodores | Midwest League | Richie Klaus |
|  | Lexington Giants | Western Carolinas League | Max Lanier |
| Rookie | Magic Valley Cowboys | Pioneer League | Dick Wilson |

## InfoBox

| 1965 San Francisco Giants | |
| --- | --- |
| League | National League |
| Ballpark | Candlestick Park |
| City | San Francisco, California |
| Owners | Horace Stoneham |
| General managers | Chub Feeney |
| Managers | Herman Franks |
| Television | KTVU
(Russ Hodges, Lon Simmons) |
| Radio | KSFO
(Russ Hodges, Lon Simmons, Bill Thompson) |
|  | |