title: My Reversible Reaction

abstract: My Reversible Reaction is the extended play (EP) by South Korean singer-songwriter Shin Hae Gyeong. The album was released on 22 February 2017.

text:
# My Reversible Reaction

***My Reversible Reaction*** (Korean: 나의 가역반응; RR: *Naeui gayeokbaneung*) is the extended play (EP) by South Korean singer-songwriter Shin Hae Gyeong. The album was released on 22 February 2017.

## Background

Shin Hae Gyeong debuted in 2014 and previously worked under the stage name The Mirror before the album. He changed his stage name to Shin Hae Gyeong, named after Yi Sang's real name Kim Hae-Gyeong, while reading his poetry collection. The album's name also comes from his poet *Weird Reversible Reaction (이상한 가역반응)*.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| IZM |  |

Park Soojin of IZM reviewed "*My Reversible Reaction* has an attractive confidence and detailed joints that push the flow of the song." Kim Seonghwan of Music Y described the album's track *Everything to Me (모두 주세요)* as "It's a track that makes the title track even in the consistent composition of the album and easily conveys the characteristics of musician Shin Hae Gyeong at once." Music critic Bae Soontak said, "*My Reversible Reaction* is an album that builds impressive moments with a fairly clear melody in the air that seems to be floating, and a fairly intense rhythm appears when you think it's 'a bit calm'."

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Ennui" ("권태") | 4:36 |
| 2. | "Downfall" ("몰락") | 3:41 |
| 3. | "Everything to Me" ("모두 주세요") | 4:04 |
| 4. | "A Forgotton Season" ("잊었던 계절") | 1:53 |
| 5. | "Danae" ("다나에") | 3:27 |
| 6. | "Chemical Equilibrium" ("화학평형") | 6:13 |

## InfoBox

| My Reversible Reaction | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| EP by Shin Hae Gyeong | |
| Released | 22 February 2017 (2017-02-22) |
| Genre | Dream pop, shoegaze |
| Length | 23:54 |
| Label | Young,Gifted & Wack Records, Poclanos |
| Producer | * Shin Hae Gyeong |
| Shin Hae Gyeong chronology | |
| ***My Reversible Reaction***
(2017) *In Dreams, In Dreams*
(2020) | |


title: Nova Scotia Route 308

abstract: Route 308 is a collector road in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. It is located in Yarmouth County and connects Morris Island with East Quinan. The many Acadian communities along the road inspired the name of an Acadian restaurant in Haifax, "308 South".

text:
# Nova Scotia Route 308

**Route 308** is a collector road in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia.

It is located in Yarmouth County and connects Morris Island with East Quinan.

The many Acadian communities along the road inspired the name of an Acadian restaurant in Haifax, "308 South".

## Communities

## InfoBox

| Route 308 | |
| --- | --- |
| Route information | |
| Maintained by Nova Scotia Department of Transportation and Infrastructure Renewal | |
| Length | 45 km (28 mi) |
| Major junctions | |
| South end | Chemin A. Leo in **Morris Island** |
| Major intersections | Trunk 3 / Hwy 103 in Tusket |
| North end | Coldstream Road in **Quinan** (East Quinan) |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | Nova Scotia |
| Counties | Yarmouth |
|  | |
| Highway system | |
|  | |
| Route 307   Route 309 | |


title: Niilo Nieminen

abstract: Niilo Lauri Nieminen was a Finnish smallholder and politician, born in Heinolan maalaiskunta. He was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1948 to 1951, from 1952 to 1962 and from 1969 to 1975, representing the Finnish People's Democratic League (SKDL). Nieminen was a member of the Communist Party of Finland (SKP). He was a presidential elector in the 1950, 1956 and 1962 presidential elections.

text:
# Niilo Nieminen

**Niilo Lauri Nieminen** (21 December 1907  14 December 1988) was a Finnish smallholder and politician, born in Heinolan maalaiskunta. He was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1948 to 1951, from 1952 to 1962 and from 1969 to 1975, representing the Finnish People's Democratic League (SKDL). Nieminen was a member of the Communist Party of Finland (SKP). He was a presidential elector in the 1950, 1956 and 1962 presidential elections.


title: Leptothecata

abstract: Leptothecata, or thecate hydroids, are an order of hydrozoans in the phylum Cnidaria. Their closest living relatives are the athecate hydroids, which are similar enough to have always been considered closely related, and the very apomorphic Siphonophorae, which were placed outside the "Hydroida". Given that there are no firm rules for synonymy for high-ranked taxa, alternative names like Leptomedusa, Thecaphora or Thecata, with or without the ending emended to "-ae", are also often used for Leptothecata. In the sessile stage, Leptothecata are surrounded by a chitinous outer layer as their exoskeleton, including the gonophores, their reproductive organ. Leptothecata exhibit radial symmetry, and their gonads can be found in the radial canals of the medusa stage. Their habits range from benthic to planktonic. The polyps and colonial forms are benthic, whilst the medusae are planktonic. Leptothecata exhibit extensive, complex variation. Thecata colonies also have extensive specialization due to their polyps' function and variation. Most Leptothecata possess statocysts, which are used for defence and protection. The classes that have lost their statocysts have been changed ancestrally over time rather than a direct loss. The approximately 1,900 species of Leptothecata are characterized by a number of features: Their polyps are always living in colonies with the hydranths set in hydrotheca which are usually permanent and often long enough so the animal can fully retract into it; some have very reduced hydrothecae resembling Anthoathecata. There is a single whorl of tentacles. The gonophores are borne on much reduced hydranths and usually protected in a peridermal gonotheca. Medusae forming on fully developed hydranths are extremely rare; usually the gonophores develop into medusae or into sessile sporosacs. The medusae have a shallow bell, bear the gonads on their radial canals, and usually have statocysts which are formed only from epidermal tissue and more than four tentacles and. The cnidome never has stenoteles.

text:
# Leptothecata

**Leptothecata**, or **thecate hydroids**, are an order of hydrozoans in the phylum Cnidaria. Their closest living relatives are the athecate hydroids, which are similar enough to have always been considered closely related, and the very apomorphic Siphonophorae, which were placed outside the "Hydroida". Given that there are no firm rules for synonymy for high-ranked taxa, alternative names like **Leptomedusa**, **Thecaphora** or **Thecata**, with or without the ending emended to "-ae", are also often used for Leptothecata.

In the sessile stage, Leptothecata are surrounded by a chitinous outer layer as their exoskeleton, including the gonophores, their reproductive organ. Leptothecata exhibit radial symmetry, and their gonads can be found in the radial canals of the medusa stage. Their habits range from benthic to planktonic. The polyps and colonial forms are benthic, whilst the medusae are planktonic. Leptothecata exhibit extensive, complex variation. Thecata colonies also have extensive specialization due to their polyps' function and variation. Most Leptothecata possess statocysts, which are used for defence and protection. The classes that have lost their statocysts have been changed ancestrally over time rather than a direct loss.

The approximately 1,900 species of Leptothecata are characterized by a number of features: Their polyps are always living in colonies with the hydranths set in hydrotheca which are usually permanent and often long enough so the animal can fully retract into it; some have very reduced hydrothecae resembling Anthoathecata. There is a single whorl of tentacles.

The gonophores are borne on much reduced hydranths and usually protected in a peridermal gonotheca. Medusae forming on fully developed hydranths are extremely rare; usually the gonophores develop into medusae or into sessile sporosacs. The medusae have a shallow bell, bear the gonads on their radial canals, and usually have statocysts which are formed only from epidermal tissue and more than four tentacles and. The cnidome never has stenoteles.

## Characteristics

Colony architecture among Leptothecata comprises extensive diversity found in the hydrozoans. Their life cycles have been found to be connected with changes in colony shapes. Zooid polymorphism within the colonies are usually specialized. Polyps that make up the colonies tend to have three specialities and functions. First being the gastrozooid, which has their speciality of nutrition and digesting the food. Second, the gonozooid which is the reproductive polyp. Third, being the dactylozooid which function works in defense for the colony. The dactylozooid recently had become more highly variable with not being present in some thecata colony forms, and only possessing the gastrozooid and gonozooid polyps.

Thecata colonies have detectable shapes and arrangements allowing for distinguishing classification between one another. One major shape is when the colonies are erected off a branched colony. Another major shape of thecata is where the colonies can be erected off an unbranched stem. Stolonal colonies are a final major type where their polyps are connected to the creeping part of the colony. Where most cases of the erected branched shape have been found to be derived over time.

Medusae tend to be pelagic. But there are specific medusae species while at the medusa stage can still remain benthic. Polyps can also be free floating, which are called pelagic polyps. Similarly, their gastroular and nervous system have great complexity, as well as their shape. While medusae due tend to lack any presence of visible sense organs. Leptothecata have significant synapomorphies that are present in most of all their species. In regards to their gastrozooids, Lephtothecata have the theca layer on their polyps. Which has allowed the synapomorphy for Leptothecata to form hydrothecae that is also made of theca, that surrounds the gonozooid.

## Reproduction and development

Leptothecata have distinguishing factors in the presence of morphological dimorphism. The dimorphism in the species classes has led to great complexity within their taxonomic identification. Majority of the thecate hydroids use asexual reproduction in response to budding. They have also been known for their plasticity, allowing them to adapt and grow in their given environment. Thecata's branch has a mutual similarity based on mature gamete localization, where they possess their mature gametes located through their radial canals.

## Distribution

Among Leptothecata's diversified species, they have great variability within their organization and life cycles. Leptothecata can be found worldwide in all marine environments. The location of where Leptothecata are found ranges from shallow waters to the deep sea, most being marine species. In their polyp and medusa form, due to natural factors they can travel outside their native location. This is usually done by currents or if attached to other vertebrates. Due to the hydroids' broad range of locations, they also have been known to play in many ecosystem factors. They provide shelter and protection and are a known food source for other marine species. Leptothecata has been the main attraction in many great expeditions and studies due to the broad spectrum of thecate hydroids within their order. These developments have led to further discoveries of finding locations where thecate hydroids can be relatively rich in the marine environment. Allowing researchers to study a range of differences based on the colonies, the hydrotheca and even the pairs of thecae themselves.

## Notable species of Leptothecata

## Taxonomy and systematics

The thecate hydroids were formerly placed in the paraphyletic "Hydroida" as the suborder Leptomedusa. Currently, the following families are classified within the order Leptothecata:

## InfoBox

| Thecate hydroids | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Crystal Jelly (*Aequorea victoria*, Conica: Aequoreidae) with the parasitic amphipod *Hyperia medusarum* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Cnidaria |
| Class: | Hydrozoa |
| Subclass: | Hydroidolina |
| Order: | Leptothecata<br>Cornelius, 1992 |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * Leptomedusa Haeckel, 1879 * Leptomedusae Haeckel, 1879 * Leptothecatae Cornelius, 1992 * Thecaphora Hincks, 1868 * Thecaphorae Hincks, 1868 * Thecata Fleming, 1828 * Thecatae Fleming, 1828 | |


title: Lynyrd Skynyrd (album)

abstract: Lynyrd Skynyrd is the first box set by American rock band Lynyrd Skynyrd. It features outtakes, demos and live versions of songs from their first six albums. It was certified gold by the RIAA in November 1997.

text:
# Lynyrd Skynyrd (album)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |

***Lynyrd Skynyrd*** is the first box set by American rock band Lynyrd Skynyrd. It features outtakes, demos and live versions of songs from their first six albums. It was certified gold by the RIAA in November 1997.

## Track listing

### Disc 1 (1970–1973)

1. "Free Bird" (Edited Demo, Oct 1970) (Allen Collins, Ronnie Van Zant) – 4:07
2. "Junkie" (Demo, Oct 1970) (Collins, Van Zant) – 3:48
3. "He's Alive" (Demo, Oct 1970) (Collins, Van Zant) – 3:09
4. "One More Time" (Original version, 1971) (Gary Rossington, Van Zant) – 5:02
5. "Gimme Three Steps" (Original version, 1971) (Collins, Van Zant) – 4:08
6. "Trust" (Original version, 1971) (Collins, Van Zant) – 4:12
7. "Comin' Home" (1971) (Collins, Van Zant)– 5:29
8. "Mr. Banker" (Demo, early 1973)" (Ed King, Rossington, Van Zant) – 5:18
9. "Down South Jukin'" (Demo, early 1973) (Rossington, Van Zant) – 2:53
10. "Truck Drivin' Man" (Demo, early 1973) (King, Van Zant) – 5:15
11. "I Ain't the One" (Demo, early 1973) (Rossington, Van Zant) – 3:46
12. "Poison Whiskey" (Demo. early 1973) (King, Van Zant) – 3:08
13. "Tuesday's Gone" (Collins, Van Zant) – 7:32
14. "Things Goin' On" (Rossington, Van Zant) – 4:58
15. "Free Bird" (Collins, Van Zant) – 9:09

### Disc 2 (1974–1976)

1. "Sweet Home Alabama" (King, Rossington, Van Zant) – 4:43
2. "Was I Right or Wrong?" (recorded Jan 1974) (previously unreleased) (Rossington, Van Zant) – 5:08
3. "Workin' for MCA" (King, Van Zant) – 4:46
4. "Don't Ask Me No Questions" (Rossington, Van Zant) – 3:24
5. "Swamp Music" (King, Van Zant) – 3:31
6. "The Ballad of Curtis Loew" (Collins, Van Zant) – 4:50
7. "The Needle and the Spoon" (Collins, Van Zant) – 3:52
8. "Call Me the Breeze" (J.J. Cale) – 5:06
9. "Saturday Night Special" (King, Van Zant) – 5:08
10. "Made in the Shade" (Van Zant) – 4:39
11. "Am I Losin'?" (Rossington, Van Zant) – 4:33
12. "On the Hunt" (Collins, Van Zant) – 5:26
13. "(I Got the) Same Old Blues" (Cale) – 4:07
14. "Double Trouble" (Live) (Collins, Van Zant) – 3:03
15. "Roll Gypsy Roll" (Collins, Rossington, Van Zant) – 2:49
16. "All I Can Do Is Write About It" (Acoustic version) (recorded November 28, 1975) (previously unreleased) (Collins, Van Zant) – 4:20
17. "Four Walls of Raiford" (undubbed demo) (recorded Apr 1976) (Carlisi, Van Zant) – 4:12

### Disc 3 (1976–1977)

1. "Gimme Back My Bullets" (Live) (Rossington, Van Zant) – 3:37
2. "Searchin'" (Live) (Collins, Van Zant) – 4:00
3. "Simple Man" (Live) (Rossington, Van Zant) – 6:48
4. "Crossroads" (Live) (Robert Johnson) – 4:17
5. "T for Texas (Blue Yodel #1)" (Live) (Jimmie Rodgers) – 8:42
6. "Whiskey Rock-A-Roller" (Live) (King, Billy Powell, Van Zant) – 4:16
7. "Ain't No Good Life" (Steve Gaines) – 4:38
8. "What's Your Name?" (Alternate mix) (Rossington, Van Zant) – 3:38
9. "Georgia Peaches" (Gaines, Van Zant) – 3:12
10. "What's Your Name?" (Rossington, Van Zant) – 3:31
11. "I Never Dreamed" (Gaines, Van Zant) – 5:19
12. "I Know a Little" (Gaines) – 3:26
13. "Honky Tonk Night Time Man" (Merle Haggard) – 4:02
14. "That Smell" (Collins, Van Zant) – 5:47
15. "You Got That Right" (Gaines, Van Zant) – 3:45

#### Live songs

* Disc 2, track 14 recorded 11/4/1975 at the Capitol Theatre in Cardiff, Wales
* Disc 3, tracks 1 and 5 recorded 7/8/1976 at the Fox Theatre in Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.
* Disc 3, tracks 2 and 4 recorded 7/9/1976 at the Fox Theatre in Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.
* Disc 3, track 3 recorded 7/7/1976 at the Fox Theatre in Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.
* Disc 3, track 6 recorded 8/21/1976 at the Knebworth Festival in Hertfordshire, England

## Personnel

Taken from MCA Records 1991 CD box set release MCAD3-10390 liner notes

**Lynyrd Skynyrd 1**

Disc 1, Tracks 1-3

**Lynyrd Skynyrd 2**

Disc 1, Tracks 4-7

* Ronnie Van Zant - vocals
* Allen Collins - guitars
* Gary Rossington - guitars

Additional Musicians

**Lynyrd Skynyrd 3**

Disc 1, Tracks 8-15

* Ronnie Van Zant - vocals
* Allen Collins - guitars (except 8)
* Gary Rossington - guitars
* Ed Kings - bass (all tracks except 8 & 13), guitar (8)
* Bob Burns - drums (except 8 & 13)
* Billy Powell - piano (except 8)

Additional Musicians

**Lynyrd Skynyrd 4**

Disc 2, Tracks 1-9

* Ronnie Van Zant - vocals (all tracks), background vocals (4)
* Allen Collins - guitars (except 8)
* Gary Rossington - guitars
* Ed Kings - guitars
* Billy Powell - keyboards
* Leon Wilkeson - bass (all tracks), background vocals (3-5,8,9)
* Bob Burns - drums

Additional Musicians

* Background vocals Clydie King, Merry Clayton, & Friends - background vocals (1)
* Al Kooper - piano (4,6), horn arrangement (4,8), acoustic guitar (6), background vocal (6), moog synthesizers (9)
* Horns Bobby Keys, Trevor Lawrence, Steve Madiao - horns (4,8)
* Handclapping by Wicker, Toby Cockroad, Moochie, Punnel, Wolfman, Kooder, Mr. Feeback, and Gooshie (8)

**Lynyrd Skynyrd 5**

Disc 2, Tracks 10-12

* Ronnie Van Zant - vocals (all tracks), background vocals (1)
* Allen Collins - guitars
* Gary Rossington - guitars
* Ed Kings - guitars (all tracks), background vocals (1)
* Billy Powell - keyboards (all tracks), piano (1)
* Leon Wilkeson - bass
* Artimus Pyle \- drums, percussion

Additional Musicians

* Al Kooper - background vocals (1,2)
* David Foster \- piano (1)

**Lynyrd Skynyrd 6**

Disc 2, Tracks 13-17

* Ronnie Van Zant - vocals, guitar (17)
* Allen Collins - guitars
* Gary Rossington - guitars
* Leon Wilkeson - bass
* Billy Powell - keyboards
* Artimus Pyle - drums, percussion

Additional Musicians

**Lynyrd Skynyrd 7**

Disc 3 (all tracks)

* Ronnie Van Zant - vocals, guitar (17)
* Allen Collins - guitars
* Gary Rossington - guitars (all tracks), overdubs (9)
* Steve Gaines \- guitars (all tracks), lead vocals (7), vocals (15)
* Leon Wilkeson - bass (all tracks), overdubs (9)
* Billy Powell - keyboards (all tracks), overdubs (9)
* Artimus Pyle - drums, percussion

Additional Musicians

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| United States (RIAA) | Gold | 500,000^ |
| ^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## InfoBox

| Lynyrd Skynyrd (Box Set) | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Box set by Lynyrd Skynyrd | |
| Released | November 12, 1991 |
| Recorded | 1970–1977 |
| Genre | Southern rock, boogie rock |
| Length | 214:27 |
| Label | MCA Records |
| Producer | * Tom Dowd * David Johnson * Jimmy Johnson * Al Kooper * Andy McKaie * Bob Meyerowitz * Ron O'Brien * Tim Smith |
| Lynyrd Skynyrd chronology | |
| *Lynyrd Skynyrd 1991*
(1991) ***Lynyrd Skynyrd (Box Set)***
(1991) *The Last Rebel*
(1993) | |


title: 1660s in Canada

abstract: Events from the 1660s in Canada.

text:
# 1660s in Canada

Events from the **1660s in Canada**.

## Events

* 1649-64: the Beaver Wars: Encouraged by the English, and the need for more beaver for trade (their own area being hunted out), Haudenosee (Iroquois) make war on Hurons (1649), Tobaccos (1649), Neutrals (1650–51), Erie (1653–56), Ottawa (1660), Illinois and Miami (1680–84), and members of the Mahican confederation. English, pleased with this, agree to 2-Row Wampum Peace treaty, 1680.
* 1660s-1670s French compete with Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) and British fur traders out of New York.
* 1660-64: In 1660, Dutch governor-general Peter Stuyvesant decides to hold Indian children hostage for the behavior of increasingly angry tribespeople. Hostages sold into Caribbean plantation slavery.
* 1660: English Navigation Act prohibits foreigners from trading with English colonies.
* May 1660: Adam Dollard des Ormeaux and about sixty others withstand an attack by over 500 Iroquois at Long Sault. It is traditionally said that the small party fights so well that the Iroquois decide not to attack Montreal.
* 1663: The French Crown takes personal control of Canada from a private company, which becomes a royal province. Louis XIV's brilliant minister J. B. Colbert reorganizes New France directly under royal authority. Administration is divided between a military governor and a more powerful intendant, both ruling from Quebec City but under orders from Paris. The fur trade is granted to a new monopoly, the Company of the West Indies.
* 1663: New France has a population of about 3,000.
* 1663: Laval organizes the Seminaire du Québec, a college of theology which eventually becomes Université Laval (1852).
* 1664: The British invade and conquer the Dutch at New Amsterdam, renaming it New York. England gains control of New Netherland from the Dutch and become allies and trade partners with the Iroquois.
* 1664: Hans Bernhardt is the first recorded German immigrant.
* 1665-72: Jean Talon (c.1625-94), the first intendant of New France, sets out to establish New France as a prosperous, expanding colony rivaling the thriving English colonies to the south. He invites many new settlers, including young women. He also tries to diversify the economy beyond furs and to build trade with Acadia and the West Indies. Talon is recalled before he can carry out his policies, however.
* 1665: The Carignan-Salières Regiment is sent from France to Quebec to deal with the Iroquois. Many of its members stay on as settlers.
* 1666: The Carignan-Salières Regiment destroys five Mohawk villages, eventually leading to peace between the Iroquois and the French.
* 1667: First census of New France records 668 families, totalling 3,215 non-native inhabitants.
* 1667: France, England and the Netherlands sign the Breda Treaty in July and with this England gives Acadia to France.
* 1668-69: Pierre-Esprit Radisson and Medard Chouart, sieur de Groseilliers, explore west of the St. Lawrence River as far as Lake Superior, plus the Hudson Bay region, for England.
* 1668: The Carignan-Salières regiment is recalled to France, but several hundred choose to remain behind, many in return for local seigneuries.
* 1669: European colonies first discover Lake Erie
* 1669: HBC Ft. Charles, at foot of James Bay, becomes Ft. Rupert.


title: Songdok station

abstract: Sŏngdŏk station is a railway station in Kilju county, North Hamgyŏng province, North Korea, on the Paektusan Ch'ŏngnyŏn Line of the Korean State Railway. The station, along with the rest of the Kilju–Hapsu section, was opened by the Chōsen Government Railway on 1 November 1933. On 9 October 2006 an underground nuclear test was conducted at P'unggye-ri in Kilju County, causing the closure of the line for 3–4 months.

text:
# Songdok station

**Sŏngdŏk station** is a railway station in Kilju county, North Hamgyŏng province, North Korea, on the Paektusan Ch'ŏngnyŏn Line of the Korean State Railway.

The station, along with the rest of the KiljuHapsu section, was opened by the Chōsen Government Railway on 1 November 1933.

On 9 October 2006 an underground nuclear test was conducted at P'unggye-ri in Kilju County, causing the closure of the line for 3–4 months.

## InfoBox

| Sŏngdŏk
성덕 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Korean name | |
| Hangul | 성덕역 |
| Hanja |  |
| Revised Romanization | *Seongdeok-yeok* |
| McCune–Reischauer | *Sŏngdŏk-yŏk* |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Location | Kilju,
North Hamgyŏng
North Korea |
| Coordinates | 41°08′33″N 129°04′00″E / 41.1425°N 129.0666°E / 41.1425; 129.0666 |
| Owned by | Korean State Railway |
| History | |
| Opened | 1 November 1933 |
| Electrified | yes |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station  Korean State Railway Following station  Sadotowards Hyesan Ch'ŏngnyŏn  Paektusan Ch'ŏngnyŏn Line  Chaedŏktowards Kilju Ch'ŏngnyŏn | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Violetta Quesada

abstract: Violetta Quesada Díaz was a Cuban sprinter who helped win a silver medal in 4 x 100 metres relay at the 1968 Summer Olympics, the first Olympic medal, ever achieved by Cuban women. Quesada died in Tampa, Florida on 24 March 2024, at the age of 76.

text:
# Violetta Quesada

**Violetta Quesada Díaz** (11 July 1947 – 24 March 2024) was a Cuban sprinter who helped win a silver medal in 4 x 100 metres relay at the 1968 Summer Olympics, the first Olympic medal, ever achieved by Cuban women.

Quesada died in Tampa, Florida on 24 March 2024, at the age of 76.

## Sources

Sports Reference

## InfoBox

| Olympic medal record | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Women's athletics | | |
|  | 1968 Mexico City | 4 x 100 m relay |


title: The Gardens Between

abstract: The Gardens Between is an adventure/puzzle video game developed by Australian studio The Voxel Agents and published in September 2018 for Windows, macOS, Linux, Nintendo Switch, and PlayStation 4. It was later released for Xbox One in 2018, iOS in 2019, Android in 2020, and PlayStation 5 in 2022. The game, which conveys its story through visuals and gameplay rather than dialogue or narration, follows two children, Arina and Frendt, in the treehouse in a garden between their houses. In a dreamscape, they progress through sets of island levels, each representing different shared experiences. The characters walk along a path that winds through each level, and the player solves environment-based puzzles that prevent the pair from reaching and activating a portal at the end of the path. To do so, the player controls the flow of time forwards and backwards and causes the characters to interact with nearby objects and spheres of light, rather than moving the pair directly. The game was developed by The Voxel Agents over the course of four and a half years, beginning in 2014, based on a prototype idea from 2011 about playing a memory video back and forth. The island levels are derived from Japanese dry gardens, and are inspired by the developers' own childhoods. Tim Shiel, who composed the game's music, later released an album of music inspired by his tracks from the game, Glowing Pains: Music From The Gardens Between. Critics praised the game's art style and gameplay, as well as the wordless characterization of the two protagonists, though some found the puzzle difficulty uneven or the plot shallow. The Gardens Between won the "Game of the Year" award at the 2018 Australian Game Development Awards, a 2019 Apple Design Award, and the "Best Puzzle Game" award at the 2019 Webby Awards, and was nominated for several other awards.

text:
# The Gardens Between

***The Gardens Between*** is an adventure/puzzle video game developed by Australian studio The Voxel Agents and published in September 2018 for Windows, macOS, Linux, Nintendo Switch, and PlayStation 4. It was later released for Xbox One in 2018, iOS in 2019, Android in 2020, and PlayStation 5 in 2022. The game, which conveys its story through visuals and gameplay rather than dialogue or narration, follows two children, Arina and Frendt, in the treehouse in a garden between their houses. In a dreamscape, they progress through sets of island levels, each representing different shared experiences. The characters walk along a path that winds through each level, and the player solves environment-based puzzles that prevent the pair from reaching and activating a portal at the end of the path. To do so, the player controls the flow of time forwards and backwards and causes the characters to interact with nearby objects and spheres of light, rather than moving the pair directly.

The game was developed by The Voxel Agents over the course of four and a half years, beginning in 2014, based on a prototype idea from 2011 about playing a memory video back and forth. The island levels are derived from Japanese dry gardens, and are inspired by the developers' own childhoods. Tim Shiel, who composed the game's music, later released an album of music inspired by his tracks from the game, *Glowing Pains: Music From The Gardens Between*. Critics praised the game's art style and gameplay, as well as the wordless characterization of the two protagonists, though some found the puzzle difficulty uneven or the plot shallow. *The Gardens Between* won the "Game of the Year" award at the 2018 Australian Game Development Awards, a 2019 Apple Design Award, and the "Best Puzzle Game" award at the 2019 Webby Awards, and was nominated for several other awards.

## Plot

The plot of *The Gardens Between* is conveyed through visuals and gameplay, as no dialogue or narration is present in the game. It follows two children, named outside the game as Arina and Frendt, a girl and boy who live next door to each other and are close friends. On a rainy night, the two sneak out and hide in their treehouse, built on a small garden square between the houses. A light sphere forms in front of them, which causes the treehouse to fall into a vast dream ocean with sets of small islands representing their shared experiences, beginning with Arina moving into her house. They sail between the islands in the dreamscape to light a portal at the top of each one, and finally to a central island and a large portal. As they progress, the weather of the dreamscape becomes overcast and then rainy. At the end of each set of levels, a scene is shown of what memory the levels represented, and a constellation appears in the sky. Once the central island portal is lit, the islands all collapse into the ocean, leaving the pair in their treehouse. The next morning Arina and Frendt hug each other, as Frendt's family is now moving away. Arina waves goodbye as Frendt's family drives off.

## Gameplay

*The Gardens Between* is a puzzle game which consists of twenty-one levels, grouped into sets of two or three. Each level is an island littered with objects with a pathway winding through it. The goal of each level is to reach the portal at the top and activate it. Arina carries a lantern, which can absorb light from nearby sources. When lit, the lantern can be used to activate the portal when Arina is near it, or clear away purple fog that is otherwise solid. The lantern can also be given to cube-shaped creatures that jump around the level, and retrieved from them elsewhere. Frendt can activate chimes when he is near that open or close flowers that contain either a sphere of light for the lantern or a black sphere that absorbs the light.

The player does not control Arina and Frendt, but instead makes time pass forwards and backwards. As time moves forwards, the pair walk down the pathway with the viewpoint following them, sometimes taking different branches if the pathway is forked. The player cannot move time forward or backwards past a point where either Arina or Frendt cannot progress. Time does not pass uniformly for all objects; for example, Arina can collect light from a flower and then go backwards in time along the path with the light in order to give the now-lit lantern to a cube creature she had passed. Frendt can also activate devices that let the player move time forwards and backwards just for a specific object, such as a radio or garden hose. This may be needed to clear paths previously blocked, bring falling light flowers into close proximity to Arina, or similar actions. Other solutions may require lateral thinking that involve recognizing how the various time stream manipulations can interact.

## Development

*The Gardens Between* was developed by Australian studio The Voxel Agents over the course of four and a half years. The initial concept for the game was created in 2011 as part of a series of rapid prototypes for game ideas, with most centering on manipulating time. *The Gardens Between*'s concept was inspired by a scene from the 2002 film *Minority Report* in which a character plays a video memory forwards and backwards by moving his hand back and forth. Although the concept was not turned into a game then, when game director and designer Henrik Pettersson rejoined the studio in 2014 The Voxel Agents began to expand the concept into a full game. An early prototype in 2014 included the concept of walking up a path on an island, as well as puzzles such as bringing a flaming torch past a waterfall by setting a falling stick on fire and then rewinding time so that it would light a beacon further up the path.

The initial version of the game was a puzzle game using the story of Little Red Riding Hood, but the team wanted to use an original story instead, which was created by narrative designer Brooke Maggs. The game's narrative retained some elements of fairy tales early in development, but soon shifted to use fantastical elements that were more surreal and less taken from existing fantasy stories, and also to use the "Voyage and Return" narrative archetype such as in *Alice's Adventures in Wonderland*, *Pan's Labyrinth*, and *Coraline*. The music was inspired by Icelandic composers and ambient music, and the composer, Tim Shiel, was involved early in the design process so that his music would match the tone of the game being created.

The designers refer to the levels as islands or gardens, and their art style was derived from Japanese dry gardens, with the structure of each garden creating "harmonic asymmetrical silhouettes". Each garden represents a moment in Arina and Friendt's friendship, with the elements of the level used for "environmental storytelling" to show what about that moment was meaningful to the pair. The moments the gardens represent were inspired by the designers' own childhoods. The levels were designed using a combination of "logical design", where the developers would draw out the timelines of the parts of the level and how they could intersect, and "thematic design", where they would take objects that relate to the part of the story for that level, and decide how they could interact with time.

Arina and Friendt were designed to have very different personalities, with Arina "fearless, headstrong and fiercely independent" and Frendt "constantly curious and wandering". Lead animator and designer Josh Alan Bradbury has said that the overall concept was to convey moments that are meaningful to the pair as children, rather than ones that would still be special when they are adults. Moving back and forth in time through the memories was intended to be a metaphor for reliving the same moments through nostalgia, remembering them in different ways and coming to a collectively remembered version of the events with friends.

*The Gardens Between* was released for Windows, macOS, Linux, Nintendo Switch, and PlayStation 4 on 20 September 2018, and for Xbox One on 29 November 2018. It was later released for iOS devices on 17 May 2019, Android on 15 Jul 2020, and PlayStation 5 on 16 June 2022. Previous titles by The Voxel Agents had been released first or only for mobile devices; executive producer Simon Joslin has said that not primarily designing the game for mobile devices changed their relationship with how they were developing the game and their expectations for it. Tim Shiel released an album of music inspired by and using elements of his tracks from the game as *Glowing Pains: Music From The Gardens Between* on 12 October 2018. It was published as both a digital album and a vinyl record with two additional tracks.

## Reception

*The Gardens Between* won the "Game of the Year" award at the 2018 Australian Game Development Awards, was nominated for "Excellence in Visual Art" at the 2018 Independent Games Festival, and won a 2019 Apple Design Award. It won "Best Puzzle Game" award at the 2019 Webby Awards and was additionally nominated for "Best Art Direction", and was nominated for "Gamer's Voice: Video Game" at the 2019 SXSW Gaming Awards. It was also nominated for "Best Audio/Visual Accomplishment" at the 2020 *Pocket Gamer* Mobile Games Awards.

Critics were "generally favorable" towards the game, according to the review aggregator Metacritic. The gameplay was praised, with Caty McCarthy of *USgamer* and Jay Castello of *Rock Paper Shotgun* praising the variety of puzzle mechanics that were continually added throughout the game. Peter Brown of *GameSpot* and Daan Koopman of *Nintendo World Report* found the puzzles clever and Emily Sowden of *Pocket Gamer* called them "nicely balanced". Edwin Evans-Thirlwell of *Eurogamer* applauded the "moments of real delight" in some of the puzzles. Colin Campbell of *Polygon* concluded that the gameplay managed to be interesting without being frustrating and that the game ended before it could become boring or stretched too far. The *USgamer* and *Rock Paper Shotgun* reviews did both find, however, that the difficulty of the puzzles was uneven, with several puzzles, particularly towards the end of the game, being too easy and straightforward. The *Eurogamer* reviewer similarly claimed that the puzzles became less interesting towards the end of the game, while a reviewer for *Jeux Video* stated that the game as a whole, while interesting without being over-complicated, was too easy for a puzzle game.

The presentation of the game was also praised; the *Nintendo World Report* review applauded the "stunning art style", while Lindsay Mayhew of *TouchArcade* liked that it told its short story without "pointless filler". The *GameSpot*, *Eurogamer*, and *Rock Paper Shotgun*  reviews heavily praised the wordless characterization of Arina and Frendt, and the *Jeux Video* and *USgamer* reviewers praised the integration of the story and gameplay, though the *GameSpot* review disagreed. *Rock Paper Shotgun*  and *GameSpot* liked the story's themes, though the *Polygon* reviewer felt that a story about children growing up was an overused trope in indie games. Both the *USgamer* and *Eurogamer* reviewers found the story to be too sweet and straightforward, as there was no conflict between the two characters, and the *Jeux Video* reviewer similarly called the story sweet but shallow; Evens-Thirlwell of *Eurogamer* said that "best friendships are rarely this untroubled", and that it was a missed opportunity not to use that in the gameplay. The music was not remarked upon in many reviews, but the *Touch Arcade* reviewer praised the soundtrack, and the *Jeux Video* reviewer said that it was nice though unvaried. Several reviews concluded that the game was short but sweet, with the game's length matching the type and depth of the story it told while keeping any flaws from being overwhelming.

## InfoBox

| The Gardens Between | |
| --- | --- |
| Cover art for *The Gardens Between*, featuring the characters of Arina (left) and Frendt | |
| Developer(s) | The Voxel Agents |
| Publisher(s) | The Voxel Agents |
| Director(s) | Henrik Pettersson |
| Producer(s) | Simon Joslin
Brooke Maggs |
| Designer(s) | Henrik Pettersson
Josh Alan Bradbury
Simon Joslin |
| Programmer(s) | Matt Clark
David Little |
| Artist(s) | Jonathan Swanson
Jessica Brett |
| Writer(s) | Brooke Maggs |
| Composer(s) | Tim Shiel |
| Platform(s) | Linux, macOS, Windows, Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, Xbox One, iOS, Android, PlayStation 5 |
| Release | 20 September 2018 * **Linux**, **macOS**, **Windows**, **Switch**, **PS4**
20 September 2018
**Xbox One**
29 November 2018
**iOS**
17 May 2019
**Android**
15 Jul 2020
**PlayStation 5**
16 June 2022 |
| Genre(s) | Adventure, puzzle |
| Mode(s) | Single-player |


title: Méta Tumba

abstract: Méta Tumba is a French hurdler. She won the gold medal at the 2024 World Athletics U20 Championships in the 400 metres hurdles.

text:
# Méta Tumba

**Méta Tumba** (born 3 June 2006) is a French hurdler. She won the gold medal at the 2024 World Athletics U20 Championships in the 400 metres hurdles.

## Early life

She is from the Charente department, where became a member the Grand Angoulême Athlétisme club and trained initially as a multi-event athlete.

## Career

She won the French indoor title in February, 2023 over 400 metres. She won bronze in the 400 metres hurdles at the European Youth Summer Olympic Festival in Maribor running a French junior record of 57.10 seconds in July 2023. She won gold in the 4 x 400 metres relay at the 2023 European Athletics U20 Championships in Jerusalem.

She won gold in the 400m hurdles at the 2024 World Athletics U20 Championships in Lima, Peru in August 2024 with a French national under-20 record time of 55.59 seconds. She went unbeaten during the championships, also winning her qualifying heat and semi-final.

## InfoBox

Méta Tumba
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | French |
| Born | (2006-06-03) 3 June 2006 |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Athletics |
| Event | 400m hurdles |
| Achievements and titles | |
| Personal best(s) | **400 mH**: 55.59 (Lima, 2024) **NU20R** |
| Medal record      Women's athletics  Representing  France  World U20 Championships  2024 Lima 400 m hurdles  European U20 Championships  2023 Jerusalem 4x400m relay | |


title: 0/1-polytope

abstract: A 0/1-polytope is a convex polytope generated by the convex hull of a subset of d coordinates value 0 or 1, {0,1}d. The full domain is the unit hypercube with cut hyperplanes passing through these coordinates. A d-polytope requires at least d + 1 vertices, and can't be all in the same hyperplanes. n-simplex polytopes for example can be generated n + 1 vertices, using the origin, and one vertex along each primary axis, (1,0....), etc. Every simple 0/1-polytope is a Cartesian product of 0/1 simplexes.

text:
# 0/1-polytope

A **0/1-polytope** is a convex polytope generated by the convex hull of a subset of *d* coordinates value 0 or 1, {0,1}<sup>*d*</sup>. The full domain is the unit hypercube with cut hyperplanes passing through these coordinates. A d-polytope requires at least *d* \+ 1 vertices, and can't be all in the same hyperplanes.

*n*-simplex polytopes for example can be generated *n* \+ 1 vertices, using the origin, and one vertex along each primary axis, (1,0....), etc. Every simple 0/1-polytope is a Cartesian product of 0/1 simplexes.


title: Nikolina Knežević (basketball)

abstract: Nikolina Knežević, née Babić, is a 177 cm tall Bosnian basketball player, playing as point guard. She plays for BK Žabiny Brno. She is a member of the women's basketball team of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

text:
# Nikolina Knežević (basketball)

**Nikolina Knežević**, née **Babić**, (16 February 1995) is a 177 cm (5 ft 9+12 in) tall Bosnian basketball player, playing as point guard. She plays for BK Žabiny Brno. She is a member of the women's basketball team of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## Career

She spent the first three years of her career in ŽKK Željezničar Sarajevo from Sarajevo, and where she won her first professional title. After that she continued her career abroad, playing first for Montenegrin first tier club ŽKK Budućnost Bemax, then, she moved to Ukraine where she played for BC Prometey, and then to the Turkish Women's Basketball Super League where she played for İzmit Belediyespor. Recently, she moved to the Czech Women's Basketball League, where she signed for BK Žabiny Brno, the club which holds record fourteen Czech championship titles.

## Honours

Nikolina won title with ŽKK Željezničar Sarajevo.

## Personal life

Nikolina Babić recently married and took her husband's surname Knežević.

## InfoBox

Nikolina Knežević
| BK Žabiny Brno | |
| --- | --- |
| Position | Point guard |
| League | Czech Women's Basketball League |
| Personal information | |
| Born | 16 February 1995<br>Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Listed height | 177 cm (5 ft 10 in) |
| Career information | |
| WNBA draft | 2015: not drafted round, - |
| Selected by the - | |
| Career history | |
| - | ŽKK Željezničar Sarajevo |
| 2020 | ŽKK Budućnost Bemax |
| 2021 | BC Prometey |
| 2022 | İzmit Belediyespor |
| 2022-present | BK Žabiny Brno |
|  | |


title: Lesley Daly

abstract: Lesley Daly is an Australian trampoline gymnast who competed at the Athens 2004 Olympic Games. Daly was born in Bedford, England on 28 June 1966. She grew up in Biloela, near Rockhampton. At the Athens 2004 Olympics Forbes, aged 38, was the oldest trampolining competitor. She competed in the women's individual trampoline event and finished thirteenth.

text:
# Lesley Daly

**Lesley Daly** (born 28 June 1966) is an Australian trampoline gymnast who competed at the Athens 2004 Olympic Games.

Daly was born in Bedford, England on 28 June 1966. She grew up in Biloela, near Rockhampton.

At the Athens 2004 Olympics Forbes, aged 38, was the oldest trampolining competitor. She competed in the women's individual trampoline event and finished thirteenth.

## InfoBox

| Lesley Daly | |
| --- | --- |
| Country represented | Australia |
| Born | (1966-06-28) 28 June 1966<br>Bedford, England |
| Height | 1.55 m (5 ft 1 in) |
| Discipline | Trampoline gymnastics |
| Level | Senior International |
| Club | Carindale PYC |


title: Tweng

abstract: Tweng is a municipality in the district of Tamsweg in the state of Salzburg in Austria.

text:
# Tweng

**Tweng** is a municipality in the district of Tamsweg in the state of Salzburg in Austria.

## Geography

Tweng lies in the Lungau on the south side of the Radstädter Tauern.

## InfoBox

| Tweng | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| TwengLocation within Austria | |
| Coordinates: 47°11′28″N 13°36′01″E / 47.19111°N 13.60028°E / 47.19111; 13.60028 | |
| Country | Austria |
| State | Salzburg |
| District | Tamsweg |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Friedrich Rigele (ÖVP) |
| Area | |
| Total | 86.54 km2 (33.41 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 1,233 m (4,045 ft) |
| Population (2018-01-01) | |
| Total | 276 |
| Density | 3.2/km2 (8.3/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 5563 |
| Area code | 06471 |
| Vehicle registration | TA |
| Website | www.tweng.at |


title: Sorhagenia dahurica

abstract: Sorhagenia dahurica is a moth in the family Cosmopterigidae. It was described by Sinev in 1986. It is found in Russia.

text:
# Sorhagenia dahurica

***Sorhagenia dahurica*** is a moth in the family Cosmopterigidae. It was described by Sinev in 1986. It is found in Russia.

## InfoBox

| *Sorhagenia dahurica* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Cosmopterigidae |
| Genus: | *Sorhagenia* |
| Species: | ***S. dahurica*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Sorhagenia dahurica***<br>Sinev, 1986 | |
|


title: Violetta Villas

abstract: Czesława Gospodarek, known by her stage name Violetta Villas, was a Polish and international cabaret star, singer, actress, composer and songwriter. Her voice was characterized as coloratura soprano, which spanned over four octaves. She could play the piano, violin, and trombone and had absolute pitch. Characterisations of her included "the voice of the atomic age", "the singing toast of the continent", "a voice like French champagne", and the "Polish Yma Sumac". Villas was the first star of the Casino de Paris at Dunes Hotel & Casino in Las Vegas (1966–1970). Villas was known for her conspicuous wardrobe and number-one hits. During her show business career, Villas acted in six films, performed in numerous musical shows, and recorded almost three hundred songs in ten languages, including Polish, English, French, German, Italian, Latin, Neapolitan, Russian, Spanish and Portuguese. In 2011, Villas received the Medal for Merit to Culture – Gloria Artis.

text:
# Violetta Villas

**Czesława Gospodarek** (née **Cieślak**; 10 June 1938 – 5 December 2011), known by her stage name **Violetta Villas**, was a Polish and international cabaret star, singer, actress, composer and songwriter. Her voice was characterized as coloratura soprano, which spanned over four octaves. She could play the piano, violin, and trombone and had absolute pitch. Characterisations of her included "the voice of the atomic age", "the singing toast of the continent", "a voice like French champagne", and the "Polish Yma Sumac". Villas was the first star of the *Casino de Paris* at Dunes Hotel & Casino in Las Vegas (1966–1970).

Villas was known for her conspicuous wardrobe and number-one hits. During her show business career, Villas acted in six films, performed in numerous musical shows, and recorded almost three hundred songs in ten languages, including Polish, English, French, German, Italian, Latin, Neapolitan, Russian, Spanish and Portuguese.

In 2011, Villas received the Medal for Merit to Culture – Gloria Artis.

## Biography

### Early life

Villas was born in Heusy, Liège province, the third of four children. She spent her childhood in Belgium. Her father, Bolesław Cieślak (4 December 1907 – 9 May 1960), was a miner and bandmaster, and her mother, Jane (26 January 1914 – 17 February 1985), was a housewife. In 1948 she came with her parents to Poland and settled in Lewin Kłodzki, where she began studying music. She played the piano and violin in her youth.

In 1956 she began studying solo singing at the State Musical High School in Szczecin. She continued her artistic education in Wrocław with professor Gisela Posh. In 1959 she began classical vocal lessons with professor Eugenia Falkowska in Warsaw.

### 1960–1965: Early career

In 1960, Villas made her debut on Polskie Radio at the invitation of its director of music, Władysław Szpilman. Her first broadcast songs were "Gdy zakwitną czereśnie" and "Ja nie mogę tamtej drugiej znieść". She recorded her first album, *Rendez-vous with Violetta Villas*, in 1962. She received her first noteworthy prize at the Sopot Festival in 1961 and 1962. In 1964, 1965 and 1966 she performed at National Festival of Polish Song in Opole.

In the early 1960s, Villas toured many countries in Europe, including Germany, Belgium, Switzerland, Spain, Russia, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria and Romania, as well as in the United States, Canada and Israel.

In 1964 at the National Festival of Polish Song in Opole, Bruno Coquatrix invited her to France. At the 3rd Festival International des Variétés et Music-Halls in Rennes, Villas received her Grand Prix International d'Interpretation (she sang including Ave Maria). In 1965, she performed at the Fontaine Theatre (show Roue de la Chance, director André Chanu). In 1966, at a personal request of Bruno Cocquatrix, Villas appeared in the *Grand Music Hall de Varsovie*, revue program at Olympia. The premiere was 26 July 1966. Villas sang including Ave Maria no Morro and Hiroshima Mon Amour. In Paris she was approached by Frederic Apcar, who invited her to Las Vegas.

### 1966–1970: Las Vegas and Casino de Paris

In December 1966 Villas performed at the Casino de Paris at Dunes Hotel & Casino. In her first program she sang including "Under Paris Skies", "Granada", "O Sole Mio", "Strangers in the Night" and "Libiamo ne' lieti calici". Villas sang in duets with Frank Sinatra, Paul Anka, Barbra Streisand, Charles Aznavour, Sammy Davis Jr., Eartha Kitt, and Dean Martin.

Her personal stylist was Patrick Valette, a Frenchman from fashion house Dior. She performed her show with a hundred-person French ballet. She lived in a villa with private swimming pool. In late '60s Villas recorded twenty songs for American television and Capitol Records. In March 1968 began a screen test for MGM film studio, where she was later signed to a movie contract.

### 1971–1987: Isolation and comeback

Villas was offered a lucrative eight-year contract with Paramount Pictures but turned it down because of her mother's illness, which saw her return to Poland. The Polish Communist authorities confiscated her passport, which confined her in Poland for over a decade. However, she was not completely banned from the media and was able to pursue her career locally. In 1985, she made a comeback, just a few years after martial law ended, in a series of sold-out performances. Authorities returned her passport, and she resumed her international career. She later toured the US and Australia.

In 1987 she went on the tour "Violetta" in the United States and Canada. The premiere was 14 September at Carnegie Hall, where she received a standing ovation. In New York her concert was sold out. Villas performed in Las Vegas, Denver, Miami, Texas, Montreal and Chicago.

## Theatre

Before Villas started her theatre career in Poland, she performed in international revue shows in France and United States. In 1978 she played at the Grand Theatre in Łódź in the musical show *Kochajmy się*. In the 1970s/80s Villas was a star of the Siren Theatre in Warsaw. Villas played several roles in her theatre career, including Lygia in *Trzeci program* (The third programme, 1978) and the main role in the revue *Violetta* (1986–1988). In 1986 she returned to theatre, performing in *Violetta* with an orchestra and ballet.

In 1992, Villas played in the musical *Hello, Dolly!* at Kraków Operetta House. In the 1990s she performed at Warsaw Operetta House in her own programme, *The Violetta Villas Show*.

## Personal life

In 1954, when she was 16, Villas married lieutenant Gospodarek but they divorced just two years later in September 1956. Her parents had pressured her into the marriage but she did not truly love him. She left her husband to study music in Szczecin. They had one child, Krzysztof Gospodarek. In 1967 she married Harry B. Malter, an American businessman and entrepreneur. They were divorced several years later.

In 1987 she met an American businessman and millionaire of Polish descent, Ted Kowalczyk, and married him on 6 January 1988 in Chicago. The wedding ceremony was held at a banquet room of the "Orbit" Restaurant, a fixture of Chicago's Polish Village. They divorced in December 1988. He gave many interviews in the media about their marriage, but she said on a TV show "I made an error, that I believed so fast."

Villas struggled with alcohol and morphine addiction, according to her estranged son. Apparently, according to a show on Polish national public television, Villas suffered from delusional disorder for years, which strained her relationship with family and friends.

From 1968 to 1973 she provided information about her show business colleagues to the Security Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs informant under the code name *Gabriella*.

Villas died on 5 December 2011 in Lewin Kłodzki at the age of 73.

## Discography

### Studio albums

* 1962 *Rendez-vous with Violetta Villas*
* 1966 *Violetta Villas*
* 1967 *Violetta Villas* (reissue)
* 1968 *For you my darling*
* 1968 *About Love...*
* 1977 *There is no love without jealousy*
* 1985 *Las Vegas*
* 1986 *Violetta Villas* (reissue)
* 1992 *The most beautiful Christmas carols*
* 1996 *Daddy 2* guest star
* 1997 *Christmas carols*
* 1997 *Villas sings Christmas carols*
* 2001 *When Jesus Christus was born...*
* 2001 *Violetta Villas* (reissue)
* 2001 *There is no love without jealousy* (reissue)
* 2001 *For you my darling* (reissue)
* 2003 *Valentine hits*
* 2004 *Christmas carols from heart*
* 2008 *To comfort the heart and warmth the soul*
* 2009 *The most beautiful Christmas carols* (reissue)

### Live

* 1994 *Dolly*
* 1994 *I am what I am* (reissue)
* 1998 *Dolly* (reissue)
* 2006 *I am what I am* (reissue)

### Singles

* 1961 "I don't believe you"
* 1961 "Such a frost"
* 1961 "I don't make it"
* 1961 "For you my darling"
* 1961 "Red Marianna"
* 1961 "Secret"
* 1962 "Get married, Johny!"
* 1962 "Cuckoo clock"
* 1962 "It speak maracas"
* 1962 "Look straight into my eyes"
* 1962 "When Allah goes"
* 1962 "Ali alo"
* 1963 "Fan"
* 1964 "To you, mother"
* 1964 "Joseph"
* 1964 "The love begins with a smile"
* 1964 "There is a time for love"
* 1964 "Is not"
* 1966 "To you, mother"
* 1978 "For mum"
* 1986 "Mundial '86"
* 1987 "The pine from my dream"
* 1987 "Take me from Barcelona"
* 1987 "Everywhere you go"
* 1987 "The wild woman"

### Flexi discs

* 1962 *Do you like to dance?*
* 1964 *There is a time for love*
* 1964 *Forty chesnut-trees*
* 1964 *Recalling Masuria*
* 1965 *Mamma*
* 1965 *I will travel to you*
* 1965 *To you, mother*
* 1968 *It's raining in Zakopane*
* 1970 *I returned to you*
* 1972 *There is no love without jealousy*
* 1974 *To you, mother*

### Compilation albums

* 1980 *Old hits*
* 1987 *The greatest hits*
* 1992 *For you my darling*
* 1992 *The best of*
* 1995 *Violetta Villas – gold hits*
* 1996 *Gold hits*
* 1996 *Only to you*
* 1997 *I am what I am*
* 1998 *Platinum collection*
* 2000 *Gold hits*
* 2003 *To you, mother*
* 2003 *Magic memories*
* 2009 *From the Polish Radio archive*
* 2010 *40 Violetta Villas songs*
* and 46 Various Artists-type compilations

## Filmography

**Movie**

* 1969 *How to commit marriage*
* 1969 *Heaven with a gun*
* 1969 *Paint your wagon*
* 1970 *Dzięcioł* (*The Woodpecker*)
* 1983 *Dream about Violetta*
* 1989 *Violetta Villas*

**Television**

* 1963 *Revue of the Polskie Nagrania*
* 1964 *Dancing Joe*
* 1965 *Roue de la chance*
* 1966 *Professor Tutka's club*
* 1970 *Violetta Villas sings*
* 1975 *The wedding*
* 1977 *Sentiments*
* 1978 *Good evening, it's Łódź!*
* 1985 *Summer Studio*
* 1985 *Beautiful and excellent*
* 1988 *Violetta*
* 1993 *Violetta Villas show – live at Warsaw Operetta*
* 1995 *Only to You*
* 1996 *Concert on a barge*
* 1999 *Violetta V. – live*

## Repertoire

**1. Song festivals – Sopot, Opole, Knokke-Heist, Basel etc. (1961–1964)**

* "Ave Maria no Morro"
* "For You My Darling"
* "Look Straight into My Eyes"
* "Si señor"
* "The Time Will Come"
* "To You, Mother"

**2. "Roue de la chance", Theatre Fontaine in Paris (1965)**

* "Ave Maria no Morro"
* "Look Straight into my Eyes"

**3. "Grand music hall de Varsovie", Olympia in Paris (1966)**

* "Ave Maria no Morro"
* "Hiroshima Mon Amour"
* "Look Straight into my Eyes"
* "Non C'est Rien"

**4. "Casino de Paris", Dunes in Las Vegas (1967–1969)**

**5. "Villas Revue", Congress Hall in Warsaw (1968)**

* "Dark Eyes"
* "Hello, Dolly!"
* "L'amour Est Un Oiseau Rebelle"
* "Libiamo ne' Lieti Calici"
* "My Heart Belongs to Daddy"
* "Strangers in the Night"
* "This Is My Song"

**6. "Violetta", international concert tour started at Carnegie Hall in New York (1987–1988)**

* Arias from "Carmen"
* "Dark Eyes"
* "Granada"
* "Happiness" (Polish – "Szczęście")
* "If You Go Away"
* "Kiss me hotly" (Polish – "Całuj gorąco")
* "Mechanical doll" (Polish – "Mechaniczna lalka")
* "Strangers in the Night"
* "Summertime"
* "Violetta"

## InfoBox

| Violetta Villas | |
| --- | --- |
| Violetta Villas in 1967 | |
| Born | Czesława Cieślak
(1938-06-10)10 June 1938
Heusy, Belgium |
| Died | 5 December 2011(2011-12-05) (aged 73)
Lewin Kłodzki, Poland |
| Other names | Violetta Élisa Cieślak
(Catholic baptismal name) |
| Occupation(s) | singer, songwriter, composer, actress |
| Years active | 1960–2011 |
| Spouse | * +Piotr Gospodarek  (m. 1955; div. 1958)     +Harry Benjamin Malter  (m. 1967; div. 1968)     +Ted Kowalczyk  (m. 1988; div. 1988) |
| Children | 1 (son) |
| **Musical career** | |
| Genres |  |
| Instruments |  |
| Labels | * Polskie Nagrania "Muza" * Pronit * Tonpress * Melodia Records Co * Polton * GM Distribution * EMI Music Poland * Accord Song * Jorge Studio * PHU Violetta |
|  | |


title: The Entertainers (radio program)

abstract: The Entertainers was a Canadian radio program, which aired on CBC Radio and CBC Stereo from 1971 to 1992. Initially conceived as a magazine-style show on all aspects of popular culture, the show gradually narrowed its focus to concentrate almost entirely on musical culture, showcasing music from many different genres through documentary features on musical history, feature interviews with influential musicians and recordings of live concert performances. Initially airing only on CBC Radio, the show premiered on the CBC Stereo network on April 6, 1978 with a new host, Kevin Gillis. The first episode of the CBC Stereo show was devoted to the history of Canadian country music, featuring artists such as Don Messer, Hank Snow and La Bolduc. Other episodes that aired in the first several months were devoted to Mel Brooks, Muhammad Ali, Oscar Peterson, the rocking Randy Newman, Stevie Wonder, and the history of punk rock. The show faced some criticism for a 1979 episode devoted to the comedy of Monty Python. Initially planned to centre on an exclusive preview clip from the troupe's then-forthcoming film The Life of Brian, the CBC responded to the clip's potentially controversial religious humour first by blocking the episode from airing at all in the show's early afternoon time slot on the Radio network, permitting it to air only in the later evening Stereo timeslot; then by censoring the clip down to less than half of its original length; and finally by simply blocking the entire episode from airing on the network at all. The show was hosted by a variety of network personalities, until being taken over by Stan Carew in the mid-1980s. A special episode of the series, which aired in 1984, was devoted to the 15th anniversary of Woodstock. During Carew's time as host of the program, CBC Radio launched the nightly pop culture magazine series Prime Time; also hosted by Carew, that program essentially subsumed The Entertainers, which continued to air but became little more than a "best of" compilation of Prime Time content. The compilation format continued when Ralph Benmergui replaced Carew as host of both programs in 1987; however, when Benmergui left the programs in 1989 to become cohost of Midday, the programs were separated again, with Geoff Pevere taking over Prime Time and retaining that program's broad pop culture mandate, while Karen Gordon took over The Entertainers and relaunched it as a program devoted entirely to broadcasting live concert performances. The program was cancelled by the CBC in 1992, being merged with Marie-Lynn Hammond's folk music series Musical Friends into a new music magazine show, The Beat.

text:
# The Entertainers (radio program)

***The Entertainers*** was a Canadian radio program, which aired on CBC Radio and CBC Stereo from 1971 to 1992. Initially conceived as a magazine-style show on all aspects of popular culture, the show gradually narrowed its focus to concentrate almost entirely on musical culture, showcasing music from many different genres through documentary features on musical history, feature interviews with influential musicians and recordings of live concert performances.

Initially airing only on CBC Radio, the show premiered on the CBC Stereo network on April 6, 1978 with a new host, Kevin Gillis. The first episode of the CBC Stereo show was devoted to the history of Canadian country music, featuring artists such as Don Messer, Hank Snow and La Bolduc. Other episodes that aired in the first several months were devoted to Mel Brooks, Muhammad Ali, Oscar Peterson, the rocking Randy Newman, Stevie Wonder, and the history of punk rock.

The show faced some criticism for a 1979 episode devoted to the comedy of Monty Python. Initially planned to centre on an exclusive preview clip from the troupe's then-forthcoming film *The Life of Brian*, the CBC responded to the clip's potentially controversial religious humour first by blocking the episode from airing at all in the show's early afternoon time slot on the Radio network, permitting it to air only in the later evening Stereo timeslot; then by censoring the clip down to less than half of its original length; and finally by simply blocking the entire episode from airing on the network at all.

The show was hosted by a variety of network personalities, until being taken over by Stan Carew in the mid-1980s. A special episode of the series, which aired in 1984, was devoted to the 15th anniversary of Woodstock.

During Carew's time as host of the program, CBC Radio launched the nightly pop culture magazine series *Prime Time*; also hosted by Carew, that program essentially subsumed *The Entertainers*, which continued to air but became little more than a "best of" compilation of *Prime Time* content. The compilation format continued when Ralph Benmergui replaced Carew as host of both programs in 1987; however, when Benmergui left the programs in 1989 to become cohost of *Midday*, the programs were separated again, with Geoff Pevere taking over *Prime Time* and retaining that program's broad pop culture mandate, while Karen Gordon took over *The Entertainers* and relaunched it as a program devoted entirely to broadcasting live concert performances.

The program was cancelled by the CBC in 1992, being merged with Marie-Lynn Hammond's folk music series *Musical Friends* into a new music magazine show, *The Beat*.

## InfoBox

The Entertainers
| Genre | talk show, music performance |
| --- | --- |
| Country of origin | Canada |
| Home station | CBC Radio
CBC Stereo |
| Hosted by | Kevin Gillis (1978-?)
Stan Carew (?-1987)
Ralph Benmergui (1987–1989)
Karen Gordon (1989–1992) |
| Recording studio | Toronto, Ontario |
| Original release | 1971 (1971)
1992 (1992) |


title: My Teacher (2022 film)

abstract: My Teacher is 2022 Philippine comedy-drama film directed by Paul Soriano starring Toni Gonzaga and Joey de Leon. It was produced under Ten17P. It was released theatrically on December 25, 2022 as an entry to the 2022 Metro Manila Film Festival.

text:
# My Teacher (2022 film)

***My Teacher*** is 2022 Philippine comedy-drama film directed by Paul Soriano starring Toni Gonzaga and Joey de Leon. It was produced under Ten17P. It was released theatrically on December 25, 2022 as an entry to the 2022 Metro Manila Film Festival.

## Cast

## Production

*My Teacher*, known under the working title *The Teacher*, was directed by Paul Soriano under Tincan and Ten17P. The story was written by Soriano's wife and co-star Toni Gonzaga. Gonzaga wanted to produce a film tackling about teachers, using *The Intern* *Blind Side* as inspiration for *My Teacher*. They also looked into stories of senior citizens returning back to school for the film's concept. Gonzaga has previously featured an elder who was a high school drop-out continuing their studies in her talk show *Toni Talks*. The team wanted to explore on how an elderly person in school dealing with their younger classmates who are more tech-savvy. Production also had to deal with constraints caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.

## Accolades

| Award | Ceremony Date | Category | Recipient(s) | Result | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 48th MMFF 2022 Gabi ng Parangal | December 27, 2022 | Gender Sensitivity | *My Teacher* | Won |  |
| | Best Director | Paul Soriano | Nominated | |
| | Best Actress | Toni Gonzaga | Nominated | |
| | Best Screenplay | Toni Gonzaga | Nominated | |

## Release

*My Teacher* premiered in cinemas in the Philippines on December 25, 2022 as one of the eight entries of the 2022 Metro Manila Film Festival.

## Reception

The film as described by BusinessWorld, "...\[the film\] drags on and on — some kilig dialogue, tearjerker moments, and inspiring soliloquies litter the narrative all until its very end." According to PelikulaMania.com, the film was disappointing as it "touches \[only\] on certain issues like the unfair treatment of both the students and the teachers from people with authority, \[but\] lacks the substance in exploring the issues of why someone is taking his high school years as a senior citizen... The film is considered a box office bomb and is considered Gonzaga's lowest grossing film after *The Exorsis*"

## InfoBox

| My Teacher | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | Paul Soriano |
| Written by | Toni Gonzaga |
| Starring |  |
| Production<br>companies |  |
| Distributed by | APT Entertainment |
| Release date | * December 25, 2022 (2022-12-25) |
| Country | Philippines |
| Language | Filipino |
| Box office | ₱12 million |


title: Nova Olinda, Paraíba

abstract: Nova Olinda, Paraíba is a municipality in the state of Paraíba in the Northeast Region of Brazil.

text:
# Nova Olinda, Paraíba

**Nova Olinda, Paraíba** is a municipality in the state of Paraíba in the Northeast Region of Brazil.

7°28′48″S 38°02′31″W / 7.48000°S 38.04194°W / -7.48000; -38.04194

## InfoBox

| Nova Olinda, Paraíba | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
|  | |
| Country | Brazil |
| Region | Northeast |
| State | Paraíba |
| Mesoregion | Sertao Paraibana |
| Population (2020 ) | |
| Total | 5,920 |
| Time zone | UTC−3 (BRT) |


title: 10 cm houfnice vz. 30

abstract: The 10 cm houfnice vz. 30 was a Czechoslovak howitzer used in the Second World War. The 158 weapons captured after the German invasion of Czechoslovakia in March 1939 were taken into Wehrmacht service as the 10 cm leFH 30(t). It was used by a variety of German units during World War II, including II. and III./SS-Artillerie-Abteilung 3 between 1939 and 1940 and SS-Artillerie-Abteilung 51 during 1941. 30 served with the Slovak Army.

text:
# 10 cm houfnice vz. 30

The **10 cm houfnice vz. 30** (howitzer model 30) was a Czechoslovak howitzer used in the Second World War. The 158 weapons captured after the German invasion of Czechoslovakia in March 1939 were taken into Wehrmacht service as the **10 cm leFH 30(t)**. It was used by a variety of German units during World War II, including II. and III./SS-Artillerie-Abteilung 3 between 1939 and 1940 and SS-Artillerie-Abteilung 51 during 1941. 30 served with the Slovak Army.

## Design and history

It was modified from an earlier Skoda design, the 10 cm houfnice vz. 28, that attempted to combine the field and mountain gun roles into one weapon. The Czechoslovak army decided to adopt it to replace their plethora of aged Austro-Hungarian field guns. They replaced the wheels with modern rubber-tired wheels, but curiously chose to retain the crewman's seat on the gun shield. It used the same carriage as the 8 cm kanon vz. 30 that could break down into three pieces for transport. It fired a 16 kilograms (35 lb) shell.

1. "ztráty slovenské armády v letech 1939 - 1944 – Druhá světová válka – druhasvetova.com". *druhasvetova.com* (in Czech). Retrieved 7 August 2024.
2. Chamberlain, Peter (1975). *Light and medium field artillery*. Gander, Terry. New York: Arco. p. 12. ISBN 0668038209. OCLC 2067331.
3. Niehorster, Leo W. G. *German World War II Organizational Series, Vol. 2/II: Mechanized GHQ units and Waffen-SS Formations (10 May 1940)*, 1990
4. Niehorster, Leo W. G. *German World War II Organizational Series, Vol. 3/II: Mechanized GHQ units and Waffen-SS Formations (22 June 1941)*, 1992
5. Kliment and Nakládal, p. 122
* Engelmann, Joachim and Scheibert, Horst. *Deutsche Artillerie 1934-1945: Eine Dokumentation in Text, Skizzen und Bildern: Ausrüstung, Gliederung, Ausbildung, Führung, Einsatz*. Limburg/Lahn, Germany: C. A. Starke, 1974
* Gander, Terry and Chamberlain, Peter. *Weapons of the Third Reich: An Encyclopedic Survey of All Small Arms, Artillery and Special Weapons of the German Land Forces 1939-1945*. New York: Doubleday, 1979 ISBN 0-385-15090-3
* Kliment, Charles K. and Nakládal, Bretislav. *Germany's First Ally: Armed Forces of the Slovak State 1939-1945*. Atglen, PA: Schiffer, 1997 ISBN 0-7643-0589-1

## InfoBox

| 10 cm houfnice vz. 30 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Type | Howitzer |
| Place of origin | Czechoslovakia |
| Service history | |
| In service | 1930–1945 |
| Used by | Czechoslovakia
Nazi Germany
Romania
Slovak Republic |
| Wars | World War II |
| Production history | |
| Designer | Skoda |
| Designed | 1928–1930 |
| Manufacturer | Skoda |
| Produced | 1932–39 |
| Specifications | |
| Mass | Combat: 1,766 kg (3,893 lb)
Travel: 3,077 kg (6,784 lb) |
| Barrel length | 2.5 m (8 ft 2 in) L/25 |
| --- | |
| Shell weight | 16 kg (35 lb) |
| Caliber | 100 mm (3.94 in) |
| Carriage | box trail |
| Elevation | -8° to +80° |
| Traverse |  |
| Rate of fire | 6–8 rpm |
| Muzzle velocity | 430 m/s (1,411 ft/s) |
| Maximum firing range | 10.6 km (6.6 mi) |


title: Nishikant Kamat

abstract: Nishikant Kamat was an Indian filmmaker and actor. His debut film, Dombivali Fast earned him accolades in Marathi cinema, as it went on to become the biggest Marathi film of the year. He remade his film, in Tamil with R. Madhavan in the lead as Evano Oruvan, which opened to rave reviews. He also acted in the Marathi film Saatchya Aat Gharat. His Bollywood debut project was based upon the 2006 Mumbai Bombings, titled, Mumbai Meri Jaan, which was filmed in Hindi. He directed the popular movie Force, starring John Abraham and debut of Vidyut Jamwal. It was a remake of the Tamil movie Kaakha Kaakha. He also played a negative role in the movie Rocky Handsome. Born in a Marathi family, Kamat was an alumnus of Mumbai's Wilson College and Ramnarain Ruia College where he rose to prominence in the amateur theatre circuit. Kamat died at the age of 50 due to cirrhosis and COVID-19.

text:
# Nishikant Kamat

**Nishikant Kamat** (17 June 1970  17 August 2020) was an Indian filmmaker and actor. His debut film, *Dombivali Fast* earned him accolades in Marathi cinema, as it went on to become the biggest Marathi film of the year. He remade his film, in Tamil with R. Madhavan in the lead as *Evano Oruvan*, which opened to rave reviews. He also acted in the Marathi film *Saatchya Aat Gharat*.

His Bollywood debut project was based upon the 2006 Mumbai Bombings, titled, *Mumbai Meri Jaan*, which was filmed in Hindi. He directed the popular movie *Force*, starring John Abraham and debut of Vidyut Jamwal. It was a remake of the Tamil movie *Kaakha Kaakha*. He also played a negative role in the movie *Rocky Handsome*.

Born in a Marathi family, Kamat was an alumnus of Mumbai's Wilson College and Ramnarain Ruia College where he rose to prominence in the amateur theatre circuit.

Kamat died at the age of 50 due to cirrhosis and COVID-19.

## Filmography

| Year | Film | Language | Director | Writer | Actor | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2004 | *Hava Aney Dey* | Hindi |  |  | Yes | As Chabia |
| | *Saatchya Aat Gharat* | Marathi |  | Yes | Yes |  |
| 2005 | *Dombivali Fast* | Marathi | Yes |  |  | Inspired by *Falling Down* |
| 2007 | *Evano Oruvan* | Tamil | Yes |  |  | Remake of *Dombivali Fast* |
| 2008 | *Mumbai Meri Jaan* | Hindi | Yes |  |  |  |
| 2011 | *404 Error Not Found* | Hindi |  |  | Yes |  |
| | *Force* | Hindi | Yes |  |  | Remake of *Kaakha Kaakha* (2003) |
| 2014 | *Lai Bhaari* | Marathi | Yes |  |  |  |
| 2015 | *Drishyam* | Hindi | Yes |  |  | Remake of *Drishyam* |
| 2016 | *Rocky Handsome* | Hindi | Yes |  | Yes | Remake of *The Man from Nowhere* (2010) |
| | *Madaari* | Hindi | Yes |  |  |  |
| 2017 | *Fugay* | Marathi |  |  | Yes |  |
| | *Daddy* | Hindi |  |  | Yes | As Inspector Vijaykar Nitin |
| | *Julie 2* | Hindi |  |  | Yes | As Film Director Mohit |
| 2018 | *Bhavesh Joshi* | Hindi |  |  | Yes | As Rana |

## Television

* *The Final Call* \- Creative Producer (2019–present)
* *Rangbaaz Phirse* \- Creative Producer

## Awards and nominations

## InfoBox

| Nishikant Kamat | |
| --- | --- |
| Kamat at the screening of Daddy, 2017 | |
| Born | (1970-06-17)17 June 1970
Mumbai, Maharashtra, India |
| Died | 17 August 2020(2020-08-17) (aged 50)
Hyderabad, Telangana, India |
| Occupations |  |
| Years active | 2004–2020 |


title: Les Siestes Electroniques

text:
# Les Siestes Electroniques

Based in Toulouse, Southern France, Les Siestes électroniques is a summer festival dedicated to emerging artists from the field of music & digital culture.

## History

Its motley line-up mainly focuses on electronic musicians and aims at a professional audience as well as the general public. The fact that its open-air concerts are free of charge makes Les Siestes électroniques a rare occurrence within the landscapes of European festivals. Les Siestes offers an opportunity to experience contemporary music though concerts, club nights, workshops and sometimes exhibitions.
The festival runs for four or five days, usually starting on a Wednesday or a Thursday in the last week of June. Next edition of the festival will be held June 26–29, 2014.
Les Siestes Electroniques has been an event by Rotation since 2002.

Since 2011 the festival falls into two editions. One takes place in Toulouse and the other in Paris at the Musée du quai Branly. Born of a reflection around the themes of the cultural diversity, the parisian edition proposes to musicians an exceptional access to the audio collection of the museum (dedicated to non-occidental cultures). These musicians will thus be invited to sample a set of resources of an unsuspected wealth, and then to replay it during an ultimate public event which is free and open-air

## Line-Up

* 2013 @ Toulouse: Marvin, Pneu, Electric Electric, Papier Tigre, Bipolar, Dscrd, Polar Inertia, Cold, DIY Music Academy, Redshape, The Analogue Cops, Dj Deep, Polygron, Sturqen, Cut Hands, Boston Bun, Paris Suit Yourself, Andy Stott, Spectral Park, Redinho

@ Paris: Vincent Moon, Kangding Ray, Sinner DC, Pierre Bastien, Sylvain Chauveau, Low Jack, Dj Arc de Triomphe, Gangpol & Mit

@ Paris: Plapla Pinky, Keith Fullerton Whithman, Alan Bishop, Hicham Chadly, Sam Tiba, Jean Nipon, Doug Shipton, NLF3, Arandel

@ Paris: Paris : Débruit, Pilooski, The Berg Sans Nipple, Bimbo Tower Sound System, Secousse Sound System, Awesome Tapes From Africa, Romain BNO, Laurent Jeanneau

## International Edition

Since 2007, Les Siestes Electroniques have developed internationally their project.

* Les Siestes Electroniques @ BERLIN, January 2007
* Les Siestes Electroniques @ RIGA, April 2007
* Les Siestes Electroniques @ LA HAYE, September 2007
* Les Siestes Electroniques @ CAIRO, February 2008
* Les Siestes Electroniques @ KYOTO, October 2008
* Les Siestes Electroniques @ MONTREAL, August 2009
* Les Siestes Electroniques @ BRAZZAVILLE, November 2010
* Les Siestes Electroniques @ BERLIN, February 2011
* Les Siestes Electroniques @ BERLIN, September 2011
* Les Siestes Electroniques @ ABU DHABI, June 2012
* Les Siestes Electroniques @ BERLIN, September 2012
* Les Siestes Electroniques @ BRAZZAVILLE, November 2012
* Les Siestes Electroniques @ MONTEVIDEO & BUENOS AIRES, April 2013
* Les Siestes Electroniques @ AMSTERDAM, June 2013
* Les Siestes Electroniques @ MONTRÉAL, July 2013
* Les Siestes Electroniques @ SAIGON & HANOI, October 2013

## InfoBox

| Les Siestes Electroniques | |
| --- | --- |
| Genre | Electronic dance music |
| Location(s) | Toulouse, Southern France |
| Years active | 2003-present |
| Website | official webpage |


title: Two Nudes in an Exotic Landscape

abstract: Baigneuses: Deux nus dans un paysage exotique is an oil painting created circa 1905 by the French artist and theorist Jean Metzinger (1883–1956). Two Nudes in an Exotic Landscape is a Proto-Cubist work executed in a highly personal Divisionist style during the height of the Fauve period. The painting is part of Carmen Cervera's art collection and its exhibited in the Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum, Madrid

text:
# Two Nudes in an Exotic Landscape

***Baigneuses: Deux nus dans un paysage exotique*** (also called *Bañistas: dos desnudos en un paisaje exótico* and *Bathers: Two Nudes in an Exotic Landscape*) is an oil painting created circa 1905 by the French artist and theorist Jean Metzinger (1883–1956). *Two Nudes in an Exotic Landscape* is a Proto-Cubist work executed in a highly personal Divisionist style during the height of the Fauve period. The painting is part of Carmen Cervera's art collection and its exhibited in the Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum, Madrid

## Description

*Two Nudes in an Exotic Landscape* is an oil painting on canvas with dimensions 116 x 88.8 cm (45 3/8 by 35 in), signed *Metzinger* (lower right). The work—consistent in style with other works by Metzinger created circa 1905–1906, such as *Femme au Chapeau (Woman with a Hat)*—represents two nude women, one seen from the rear and the other from a more frontal position, in a lush, tropical, or subtropical setting. The landscape contains a wide variety of exotic geometrized elements (trees, bushes, flowers, a lake or river, a mountain range and a partly cloudy sky). Metzinger's use of color in *Two Nudes* is extremely Fauve; quasi-pure reds, greens, blues and violets, juxtaposed in groups as if randomly.

While the two nudes are treated with rather natural colors, the rest of the canvas appears treated with more artificial tints, tones, hues and shades. Unlike other Fauve works of the same period by Henri Matisse, André Derain, Maurice de Vlaminck or Kees van Dongen, Metzinger's composition is strongly Cézannian. The vertical format and light colors of the sky and treatment of foreground and background elements create a flattening of spatial perspective, reminiscent of Georges Seurat, or Paul Cézanne's 'multiple viewpoints', his search for order, discipline and permanence. However, the brushstrokes and overall appearance are not at all Cézannian in nature.

## History

By 1905 Neo-Impressionism had witnessed a major resurgence, with recent exhibitions by Maximilien Luce (Galerie Druet, March 1904), Paul Signac (Galerie Druet, December 1904), Georges Seurat (Salon des Indépendants, 1905), Henri-Edmond Cross (Galerie Druet, March–April 1905). Metzinger's unique style of Neo-Impressionism resulted from the unification of several influences in addition to that of Seurat and Cézanne; that of Vincent van Gogh, with his heavy impasto, dense brushstrokes; and—following posthumous retrospective exhibitions at the Salon d'Automne in 1903 and 1906—that of Paul Gauguin, with its exotic sumptuousness and sensuality. By this time Metzinger had already developed a full-fledged Divisionist facture with large, bold mosaic-like brushwork, beyond that of Cross or Signac.

In statement made circa 1907 regarding his mosaic-like Divisionism—where both size and direction of his cubes of color are fundamental to the rhythm of the painting—Metzinger cites parallels with Neo-Impressionism painters and Symbolist literature:

> "I ask of divided brushwork not the objective rendering of light, but iridescence and certain aspects of color still foreign to painting. I make a kind of chromatic versification and for syllables I use strokes which, variable in quantity, cannot differ in dimension without modifying the rhythm of a pictorial phraseology destined to translate the diverse emotions aroused by nature." (Metzinger, 1907)

This statement seems to relate directly to *Two Nudes in an Exotic Landscape* as well as other works of the same period such as *La Danse (Bacchante)*, and *Coucher de soleil no. 1* (ca.1906)

"Metzinger's Neo-Impressionist period was somewhat longer than that of his close friend Delaunay." Robert Herbert writes: "At the Indépendants in 1905, his paintings were already regarded as in the Neo-Impressionist tradition by contemporary critics, and he apparently continued to paint in large mosaic strokes until some time in 1908. The height of his Neo-Impressionist work was in 1906 and 1907, when he and Delaunay did portraits of each other (Art market, London, and Museum of Fine Arts Houston) in prominent rectangles of pigment. (In the sky of *Coucher de soleil*, 1906-1907, Collection Rijksmuseum Kröller-Müller is the solar disk which Delaunay was later to make into a personal emblem.)"

The vibrating image of the sun in Metzinger's painting, and so too of Delaunay's Paysage au disque (1906–1907), "is an homage to the decomposition of spectral light that lay at the heart of Neo-Impressionist color theory..." (Herbert, 1968) (See, Jean Metzinger, Rijksmuseum Kröller-Müller, Otterlo)

Metzinger's work (1905-06) compared with two works by Gino Severini (1910-11). Size ratio is correct.Gino Severini, 1911, *La Danseuse Obsedante (The Haunting Dancer, Ruhelose Tanzerin)*, oil on canvas, 73.5 x 54 cmJean Metzinger, 1905-06, *Two Nudes in an Exotic Landscape*, oil on canvas, 116 x 88.8 cmGino Severini, 1910-11, *La Modiste (The Milliner)*, oil on canvas, 64.8 x 48.3 cm

Each individual square of pigment associated with another of similar shape and color to form a group; each grouping of color juxtaposed with an adjacent collection of differing colors; just as syllables combine to form sentences, and sentences combine to form paragraphs, and so on. Now, the same concept formerly related to color has been adapted to form. Each individual facet associated with another adjacent shape form a group; each grouping juxtaposed with an adjacent collection of facets connect or become associated with a larger organization—just as the association of syllables combine to form sentences, and sentences combine to form paragraphs, and so on—forming what Metzinger would soon describe as the 'total image'.

The bilateral symmetry inherent in *Two Nudes in an Exotic Landscape* is striking (even if only as an approximation). The proto-Cubist geometry is solidly constructed but the equilibrium is unstable or short-lived. Each tile of pigment juxtaposed one next to the other forms a section of the painting, containing between 10 and 50 'tiles'. Each section is dominated by blues, reds, and greens. There is no smooth transition between these section. The painting is divided, fragmented, splintered or faceted into series, not only of individual rectangles, squares or 'cubes' of color, but into individual planes or surfaces delineated by color and form, already pointing towards Cubism.

That is not say that *Two Nudes in an Exotic Landscape* belongs to analytic or synthetic Cubism. It does not. The subject is viewed from one point of view, not several. There is no true 'mobile perspective', anymore than in the works of Cézanne or Seurat. But a departure from nature it was, and a departure from all that had been painted to date it was too; a precursor in style, certainly, one that would resurface in the works of Metzinger and others (Gino Severini, Robert Delaunay, Piet Mondrian) several years later, within the context of Cubism.

## Cubic and pictorial phraseology

Metzinger's work (1905-06) compared with a painting by Robert Delaunay (1910-11)Jean Metzinger, 1905-06, *Two Nudes in an Exotic Landscape*, oil on canvas, 116 x 88.8 cm, Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum, Madrid.Robert Delaunay, 1910, *La ville no. 2*, oil on canvas, 146 x 114 cm, Musée National d'Art Moderne, Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris

*Two Nudes in an Exotic Landscape* signified more than just the incorporation of a radical geometry that would free Metzinger and others from the confines of nature as any artwork executed in Europe to date. This indeed was Neo-Impressionism, Divisionism, albeit in a highly altered form. Beyond the decomposition of spectral light at the core of Neo-Impressionist color theory, *Two Nudes* surpassed the teachings of Cross or Signac. It contained "iridescences", in Metzinger's terms, certain "aspects of color still foreign to painting". It contained a "chromatic versification", as if for syllables. The rhythm of its pictorial phraseology translated the diverse emotions aroused by nature. It no longer represented nature as seen, but was a complete byproduct of the human 'sensation.'

Art critic Louis Chassevent, writing about the 1906 Salon des Indépendants, used the word "cube" with reference to Jean Metzinger and Robert Delaunay, two and a half years before similar references would be made by Louis Vauxcelles to baptize the Proto-Cubist or Cubist works Pablo Picasso or Georges Braque. Recognizing the difference between Metzinger and his contemporaries Louis Chassevent wrote in 1906:

"M. Metzinger is a mosaicist like M. Signac but he brings more precision to the cutting of his cubes of color which appear to have been made mechanically." (Robert Herbert, 1968, Neo-Impressionism, The Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation, New York)

The following year Metzinger and Delaunay shared an exhibition at Berthe Weill's gallery (1907). They were singled out by Louis Vauxcelles as Divisionists who used large, mosaic-like 'cubes' to construct small but highly symbolic compositions.

One and a half years later, November 1908, Vauxcelles, in his brief review of Georges Braque's exhibition at Kahnweiler's gallery, called Braque a daring man who despises form, "reducing everything, places and a figures and houses, to geometric schemas, to cubes.

## Exhibitions

* *Le néo-impressionnisme, de Seurat à Paul Klee*, catalogue Editions de la Réunion des musées nationaux, pp. 360–361, Musée d’Orsay, Paris, 15 March – 10 July 2005
* *Gauguin y el viaje a lo exótico*, catalogue no. 34, p. 146, Museo Thyssen-Bornemiza, Madrid, 9 October 2012 – 13 January 2013
* *Femina Feminae, Muses and the Collector, From Piazzetta to Delaunay*, 10 Museu Carmen Thyssen Andorra, October 2018 – 10 September 2019

## Provenance

* Zwemmer Gallery, London
* Private Collection (acquired from the above in 1951)
* Acquired in 1982, private collector
* Sotheby's London, Impressionist & Modern Art, Day Sale, 4 February 2004, Lot 251

> **Lot Notes:**
>
> The present work is one of a small number of Metzinger compositions fusing a broad, divisionist facture with a fauve palette. This group, which includes the celebrated *Paysage coloré aux oiseaux exotiques* (Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris), represented the artist's response to the Salon d'Automne of 1905, a review of which saw Louis Vauxcelles coin the term 'Fauve' to describe the circle of artists using bright colour and broad brushstrokes. While on this occasion Metzinger did not exhibit with Matisse, Braque and Vlaminck, since 1904 he had shown alongside these artists who were gaining notoriety as Fauves, notably at the Salons des Indépendants.
>
> In the departure from the Neo-Impressionist manner of Metzinger's early years, *Baigneuses: Deux nus dans un paysage exotique* substitutes the exuberant palette and broader handling of his peers. In both composition and facture though, the work retains a rather more rigorous structure than other Fauve landscapes of the period. Its arcadian subject and a mosaic-like application of paint give a uniquely individual flavour to what Metzinger termed his 'chromatic poetry'.

| External videos | |
| --- | --- |
| *Gauguin y el viaje a lo exótico*: vídeo explicativo de la exposición (explanatory video of the exhibition), min. 434-440 (Spanish) | |

## InfoBox

| Bathers: Two Nudes in an Exotic Landscape | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Artist | Jean Metzinger |
| Year | c.1905 |
| Medium | Oil on canvas |
| Dimensions | 116 cm × 88.8 cm (45+38 in × 35 in) |
| Location | Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum, Madrid. |


abstract: 103rd Regiment Royal Artillery is part of the Army Reserve and primarily has sub-units throughout the Greater Manchester and Merseyside area of the North-West of England, in recent years it has extended its footprint to Wolverhampton, Isle of Man, Carlisle and Nottingham. Its purpose is to provide reinforcements for units that use the 105 mm L118 Light Gun.

text:
# 103rd (Lancashire Artillery Volunteers) Regiment Royal Artillery

**103rd (Lancashire Artillery Volunteers) Regiment Royal Artillery** is part of the Army Reserve and primarily has sub-units throughout the Greater Manchester and Merseyside area of the North-West of England, in recent years it has extended its footprint to Wolverhampton, Isle of Man, Carlisle and Nottingham. Its purpose is to provide reinforcements for units that use the 105 mm L118 Light Gun.

## Formation

The Lancashire Artillery Volunteers were first raised in 1859 as part of the Volunteer Force raised in response to threats of French Invasion. A total of 23 Artillery companies were raised initially. However, in Manchester, numerous units that would later form the Lancashire Artillery Gunners had existed from as early as 1804, when the Duke of Gloucester inspected the Heaton Artillery Volunteers before they were shipped off to the fronts of the Napoleonic Wars.

## 20th Century History

Officers and men of the Lancashire Artillery Volunteers continued to give service during the two world wars of the 20th Century.

In 1967, some of these units were amalgamated to form 103rd (Lancashire Artillery Volunteers) Light Air Defence Regiment Royal Artillery (Volunteers). Its units were Headquarters Battery at Liverpool, 208 (3rd West Lancashire) Light Air Defence Battery at Liverpool and 209 (The Manchester Artillery) Light Air Defence Battery at Manchester. In 1969 213 (South Lancashire Artillery) Light Air Defence Battery was formed at St Helens and joined the regiment.

In 1976, the regiment changed its designation to 103rd (Lancashire Artillery Volunteers) Air Defence Regiment Royal Artillery (Volunteers) upon being equipped with the Blowpipe missile air-defense weapon. Then, in 1986, 216 (The Bolton Artillery) Battery was formed at Bolton and joined the regiment.

In 1992, as a result of the Options for Change, the regiment lost one Air-Defence Battery (213 Air-Defense Battery, which was amalgamated with HQ Battery at St Helens) and Regimental Headquarters were moved from Deysbrooke Barracks, Liverpool, to St. Helens to be co-located with HQ Battery.

## Modern day

In 2001, the regiment transferred from Air Defence to the Field Artillery as a Light Gun Regiment.

Under Army 2020, 209 (Manchester & St Helens) Battery Royal Artillery increased to a battery size. 210 (Staffordshire) Battery Royal Artillery, based in Wolverhampton, joined this regiment from 106th (Yeomanry) Regiment Royal Artillery, and re-roled to a light gun battery. 103 Regiment is paired with the regular 4th Regiment RA under the 1st Artillery Brigade.

The current structure of the regiment is as follows:

## Equipment

The 103rd Regiment is equipped with the 105mm Light Gun, a versatile, air-portable and air-mobile artillery piece.

## Freedoms

The regiment has received the freedom of several locations throughout its history; these include:

* **14 October 2017**: Liverpool (208 (3rd West Lancashire) Battery).
* **27 October 2020**: Manchester (209 (Manchester Artillery) Battery).

## Publications

* Litchfield, Norman E H, and Westlake, R, 1982. *The Volunteer Artillery 1859-1908*, The Sherwood Press, Nottingham. ISBN 978-0-9508205-0-7
* Litchfield, Norman E H, 1992. *The Territorial Artillery 1908-1988*, The Sherwood Press, Nottingham. ISBN 978-0-9508205-2-1

## InfoBox

| 103rd (Lancashire Artillery Volunteers) Regiment Royal Artillery | |
| --- | --- |
| The crest of 103 Regiment Royal Artillery | |
| Active | 1967 – present |
| Country | England |
| Allegiance | United Kingdom |
| Branch | British Army |
| Type | Royal Artillery |
| Role | Field support |
| Size | 4 Batteries<br>432 personnel |
| Part of | 4th Brigade |
| Garrison/HQ | Jubilee Barracks, St Helens |
| Nickname(s) | The North West Gunners / #TEAM103 |
| Motto(s) | Ubique – Everywhere.Quo Fas et Gloria Ducunt – Where Right and Glory Lead. |
| Colours | 105mm Light Gun – The Colours of the Royal Regiment of Artillery are its Guns or Weapon Systems. When on parade on Ceremonial occasions the Guns and Weapon Systems are to be accorded the same compliments as the Standards, Guidons and Colours of the Cavalry and Infantry. |
| March | The Royal Artillery Slow March |
| Anniversaries | 1 April 1967 |
| Equipment | L118 Light Gun |
| Insignia | |
| Cap Badge |  |
| Tactical Recognition Flash (TRF) |  |
| Tartan | Crawford (Pipers & Drummers kilts) |


title: Sorhagenia pexa

abstract: Sorhagenia pexa is a moth in the family Cosmopterigidae. It was described by Ronald W. Hodges in 1969. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Texas, Arkansas and Illinois. The wingspan is 12–14 mm. There are four patches of raised scales on the forewings. The base of the wing and several streaks on the costal half are brownish black and there is an oblique pale orange band from the costa to the tornus. Beyond this, a series of five brown-black dots is found on the costal margin and two on the outer margin. The hindwings are gray. Adults have been recorded on wing from June to July.

text:
# Sorhagenia pexa

***Sorhagenia pexa*** is a moth in the family Cosmopterigidae. It was described by Ronald W. Hodges in 1969. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Texas, Arkansas and Illinois.

The wingspan is 12–14 mm. There are four patches of raised scales on the forewings. The base of the wing and several streaks on the costal half are brownish black and there is an oblique pale orange band from the costa to the tornus. Beyond this, a series of five brown-black dots is found on the costal margin and two on the outer margin. The hindwings are gray. Adults have been recorded on wing from June to July.

## InfoBox

| *Sorhagenia pexa* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Cosmopterigidae |
| Genus: | *Sorhagenia* |
| Species: | ***S. pexa*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Sorhagenia pexa***<br>Hodges, 1969 | |
|


title: Villa Rosario

abstract: Villa Rosario is a corregimiento in Capira District, Panamá Oeste Province, Panama with a population of 4,496 as of 2010. Its population as of 1990 was 2,363; its population as of 2000 was 3,214.

text:
# Villa Rosario

**Villa Rosario** is a corregimiento in Capira District, Panamá Oeste Province, Panama with a population of 4,496 as of 2010. Its population as of 1990 was 2,363; its population as of 2000 was 3,214.

## InfoBox

| Villa Rosario | |
| --- | --- |
| Corregimiento | |
| Villa Rosario | |
| Coordinates: 8°46′48″N 79°52′12″W / 8.78000°N 79.87000°W / 8.78000; -79.87000 | |
| Country | Panama |
| Province | Panamá Oeste |
| District | Capira |
| Area | |
| Land | 26 km2 (10 sq mi) |
| Population (2010) | |
| Total | 4,496 |
| Density | 173.2/km2 (449/sq mi) |
|  | Population density calculated based on land area. |
| Time zone | UTC−5 (EST) |