title: Yverdon-les-Bains

abstract: Yverdon-les-Bains is a municipality in the district of Jura-Nord vaudois of the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. It is the seat of the district. The population of Yverdon-les-Bains, as of December 2020, was 29,955. Yverdon is located in the heart of a natural setting formed by the Jura mountains, the plains of the Orbe, the hills of the Broye and Lake Neuchâtel. It is the second most important town in the Canton of Vaud. It is known for its thermal springs and is an important regional centre for commerce and tourism. It was awarded the Wakker Prize in 2009 for the way the city handled and developed the public areas and connected the old city with Lake Neuchâtel.

text:
# Yverdon-les-Bains

**Yverdon-les-Bains** (French pronunciation: \[ivɛʁdɔ̃ le bɛ̃\] ) (called **Eburodunum** and **Ebredunum** during the Roman era) is a municipality in the district of Jura-Nord vaudois of the canton of Vaud in Switzerland. It is the seat of the district. The population of Yverdon-les-Bains, as of December 2020, was 29,955.

Yverdon is located in the heart of a natural setting formed by the Jura mountains, the plains of the Orbe, the hills of the Broye and Lake Neuchâtel. It is the second most important town in the Canton of Vaud. It is known for its thermal springs and is an important regional centre for commerce and tourism.

It was awarded the Wakker Prize in 2009 for the way the city handled and developed the public areas and connected the old city with Lake Neuchâtel.

## History

The heights nearby Yverdon seem to have been settled at least since the Neolithic Age about 5000 BCE, as present archeological evidence shows. The town was at that time only a small market place, at the crossroads of terrestrial and fluvial communication ways. People began to settle, at first in temporary huts at the water-front, for fishers and merchants, then in permanent dwellings.

The Celtic Helvetii are said to have been the first permanent settlers of Eburodunum (Celtic and Roman name of Yverdon), from about the 2nd century BCE.

About a century later, the Romans realized the commercial and strategic importance of this place: it controlled major routes such as Geneva-Avenches, connecting the Rhône and Rhine basins, as well as those of Rhone and Danube.

The imposing *Castrum*, or stronghold, called *Castrum Ebredunense* was the second largest in Switzerland and demonstrated the importance the Romans attached to Yverdon. The port served as naval base for the barges supplying the defensive positions along the Rhine, which marked the North-Eastern border of the Empire. Thus the Roman "Vicus" of Eburodunum developed into a prosperous urban centre. The sulphur springs were already used for a thermal spa, as attested by excavations. It is even possible that the Helvetii appreciated the beneficial effects of these waters.

### The Castrum

About a century after the first invasions of the Alemanni, when the "Vicus" had been completely destroyed, the Romans built a large military stronghold (about 325 CE). It covered about 5 acres (20,000 m2) and was protected by gigantic ramparts and 15 masonry towers (*Castrum*). The Barbarians invaded Italy in the 5th century, and threatened to assault Rome. In a last desperate effort to save the city, all troops stationed North of the Alps were ordered back to Italy. The garrison and the Roman administration had to abandon the Yverdon camp. The inhabitants of Eburodunum, up to then assigned to live beyond the ramparts, immediately took possession of the *Castrum*, using it for their own safety. Like this, Eburodunum-Yverdon survived the hard times, until the 15th century. The Castrum was noted in the *Notitia Dignitatum* (dated c. 420 CE).

### Savoy era

With the lake receding, the ancient town confined to the *Castrum* had lost its strategic position: no more direct access to the port, or to the new trade routes alongshore.

When Peter II of Savoy gradually extended his rule over the *Pays de Vaud* (*Land of Vaud*), he managed to impose road tolls as well as port and fishing taxes. He founded the new town ("Ville Neuve") of Yverdon, defended by walls and a castle. Construction works were launched around 1259 and attracted many settlers.

### Yverdon Castle

The imposing main walls and their four towers were erected within a few years. The design of the castle followed the geometric characteristics used for castles set in plains, and had been planned by the young mason and architect Jacques de Saint-Georges. Jacques also planned Caernarvon Castle and built the castle Saint-Georges d'Espéranches, near Lyon.

Yverdon's castle used to be the residence of the castellans of the Savoy dynasty, until 1536, followed by the bailiffs of Bern state. In 1798, the *Département du Léman* became the castle's owner. The *Département* had been set up by the short-lived "Helvetian Republic" (1798–1803), imposed by Napoleon I.

A few years later, Yverdon acquired the castle, to entrust it to Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi and his institute. After 1838, the castle housed a public school. New classrooms were created, especially on the second floor: dividing walls were erected, additional windows changed the severe look of the castle's façade. After 1950, these classrooms were gradually abandoned; the last classes left in 1974. The original medieval structure was then restored. The castle is today a multi-purpose cultural centre, housing a regional museum, a theatre, various conference rooms and the oldest public library of French-speaking Switzerland, founded already in 1763. The library is now part of the castle museum, existing since 1830.

### Bernese era (1536–1798)

The Savoy rulers granted bountiful franchise and liberties to the burghers of Yverdon. The township prospered during the two hundred years preceding the Burgundy wars.

The Bernese conquest followed. During the nearly three hundred years of Bernese occupation, economic life continued to thrive.

The 18th century proved to be one of Yverdon's most favorable periods, marked by cultural and economic highlights. Then a town of about 2.000 inhabitants, Yverdon became known as a spa, and as a centre of thought (58 tomes of Yverdon Encyclopedia, published between 1770 and 1780), being in close contact with the great minds and movements of the time.

### Town hall

Burnand, its architect, erected the town hall between 1768 and 1773, on the site of the former covered market. Inside the building, furniture and decorations are displayed, faience stoves, panels, wainscots and paintings. The vaults of the ancient granary are used year-round for art exhibitions.

### The temple

The Geneva architect Billon erected this Protestant church in 1757, on the site of Notre-Dame chapel of the 14th century. Its spire had been rebuilt in 1608, on the base of the original one, for which huge, sculpted blocks from the ruins of the Roman "Castrum" had been used.

14 stalls, figuring apostles and prophets, originate from the ancient chapel and are ascribed to Claude de Peney, who had worked at Fribourg and Hauterive. Peney died in 1499, and Bon Bottolier, cabinetmaker in Lausanne, was charged with crafting the stalls (1501–1502). Potier, of French origin, built the organ in 1766.

### Thermal springs

The springs were known for their mineral baths and used at least since the Roman era, but most probably before, at the time of the Helvetii. It is supposed that the springs were a sacred place, with some sort of wooden structure. Middle Age documents prove the existence of a spa centre, as early as 1429, and mention several useful buildings.

By 1728, the authorities decided to have a new spa constructed. Its reputation grew rapidly. The 18th century saw major developments and brilliant success, for the town and the spa. Then followed a period of decline: the spa lost its popularity, and by 1800 had declined to a simple political meeting point. Completely neglected, the buildings dilapidated.

Encouraged by the Spanish scientist A. Gimbernat, the local Council decided to reconstruct the spa centre and to renovate its hotel in 1897. The consequences of the First World War (1914–1918) were detrimental, the number of guests having significantly declined. Its reputation remained intact, however, until the 1930s.

Another period of decay followed, and by 1960 the centre and its equipment were again so dilapidated that they had to be closed. The idea of balneology had also completely changed. The Municipality repurchased the spa, including the neighbouring Château d'Entremonts. Restoration failed twice, but in 1974 the project could finally be realized. The spa reopened in 1977. Prospects for further thermal springs were successful in 1982, and a new outdoor pool was added a year later. Today, the spa welcomes more than 1200 visitors per day.

During an independent test by the RTS in February 2008, it was found that the water in the shower area of the thermal center had high levels of legionella pneumophila. During another test in 2011, the same programme found no significant levels of dangerous bacteria in the waters. However, in October 2014, there was a leak of 4000l of hydrochloric acid from one of the tanks in the thermal center. No one was hurt, and the bathers remaining in the pools were asked to evacuate.

### Champ-Pittet manor house

The 18th century manor house, near the road to Yvonand, has served as summer residence of Frédéric Haldimand, burgher of Yverdon and first Governor of Canada (1777–1786), when this territory became part of the British crown.

This country-seat now belongs to Pro Natura, the Swiss League for the Protection of Nature, and is one of its two nature centres; organizing special exhibitions, audio-visual shows as well as guided tours of the nature reserve, the *Grande Caricaie*.

## Geography

Yverdon-les-Bains has an area, as of 2009, of 11.3 square kilometers (4.4 sq mi). Of this area, 3.57 km2 (1.38 sq mi) or 31.6% is used for agricultural purposes, while 0.71 km2 (0.27 sq mi) or 6.3% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 6.52 km2 (2.52 sq mi) or 57.8% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.31 km2 (0.12 sq mi) or 2.7% is either rivers or lakes and 0.2 km2 (0.077 sq mi) or 1.8% is unproductive land.

Of the built up area, industrial buildings made up 6.6% of the total area while housing and buildings made up 26.2% and transportation infrastructure made up 15.2%. Power and water infrastructure as well as other special developed areas made up 2.5% of the area while parks, green belts and sports fields made up 7.4%. Out of the forested land, 4.7% of the total land area is heavily forested and 1.6% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 27.1% is used for growing crops and 3.5% is pastures. All the water in the municipality is flowing water.

The municipality was the capital of the Yverdon District until it was dissolved on 31 August 2006, and Yverdon-les-Bains became part of the new district of Jura-Nord Vaudois.

The municipality of Gressy merged on 1 July 2011 into the municipality of Yverdon-les-Bains.

## Coat of arms

The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is *Vert, two Bars wavy Argent, in chief Argent, a letter Y Or*.

## Demographics

Yverdon-les-Bains has a population (as of December 2020) of 29,955. As of 2008, 34.2% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (1999–2009) the population has changed at a rate of 15.2%. It has changed at a rate of 14% due to migration and at a rate of 1.9% due to births and deaths.

Most of the population (as of 2000) speaks French (20,134 or 82.6%) as their first language, Serbo-Croatian is the second most common (945 or 3.9%) and Portuguese is the third (859 or 3.5%). There are 551 people who speak German, 717 people who speak Italian and 9 people who speak Romansh.

The age distribution, as of 2009, in Yverdon-les-Bains is; 2,821 children or 10.6% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 3,041 teenagers or 11.4% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 3,965 people or 14.9% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 3,858 people or 14.5% are between 30 and 39, 3,791 people or 14.3% are between 40 and 49, and 3,138 people or 11.8% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 2,576 people or 9.7% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 1,939 people or 7.3% are between 70 and 79, there are 1,235 people or 4.6% who are between 80 and 89, and there are 228 people or 0.9% who are 90 and older.

As of 2000, there were 9,841 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 11,252 married individuals, 1,687 widows or widowers and 1,596 individuals who are divorced.

As of 2000, there were 10,835 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.2 persons per household. There were 4,201 households that consist of only one person and 634 households with five or more people. Out of a total of 11,082 households that answered this question, 37.9% were households made up of just one person and there were 42 adults who lived with their parents. Of the rest of the households, there are 2,848 married couples without children, 2,855 married couples with children. There were 707 single parents with a child or children. There were 182 households that were made up of unrelated people and 247 households that were made up of some sort of institution or another collective housing.

In 2000 there were 1,226 single family homes (or 43.0% of the total) out of a total of 2,850 inhabited buildings. There were 829 multi-family buildings (29.1%), along with 568 multi-purpose buildings that were mostly used for housing (19.9%) and 227 other use buildings (commercial or industrial) that also had some housing (8.0%).

In 2000, a total of 10,649 apartments (88.2% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 1,094 apartments (9.1%) were seasonally occupied and 331 apartments (2.7%) were empty. As of 2009, the construction rate of new housing units was 1 new units per 1000 residents.

As of 2003 the average price to rent an average apartment in Yverdon-les-Bains was 954.90 Swiss francs (CHF) per month (US$760, £430, €610 approx. exchange rate from 2003). The average rate for a one-room apartment was 570.22 CHF (US$460, £260, €360), a two-room apartment was about 721.96 CHF (US$580, £320, €460), a three-room apartment was about 897.75 CHF (US$720, £400, €570) and a six or more room apartment cost an average of 1638.23 CHF (US$1310, £740, €1050). The average apartment price in Yverdon-les-Bains was 85.6% of the national average of 1116 CHF. The vacancy rate for the municipality, in 2010, was 0.49%.

The historical population is given in the following chart:

## Politics

In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SP which received 29.42% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SVP (22.26%), the Green Party (14.34%) and the FDP (9.98%). In the federal election, a total of 5,744 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 42.2%.

## Economy

As of  2010, Yverdon-les-Bains had an unemployment rate of 8.2%. As of 2008, there were 179 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 11 businesses involved in this sector. 2,219 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 224 businesses in this sector. 10,323 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 1,119 businesses in this sector. There were 11,191 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 45.2% of the workforce.

In 2008 the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 10,621. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 173, of which 161 were in agriculture and 12 were in forestry or lumber production. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 2,104 of which 1,268 or (60.3%) were in manufacturing and 654 (31.1%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 8,344. In the tertiary sector; 1,722 or 20.6% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 711 or 8.5% were in the movement and storage of goods, 523 or 6.3% were in a hotel or restaurant, 222 or 2.7% were in the information industry, 253 or 3.0% were the insurance or financial industry, 549 or 6.6% were technical professionals or scientists, 1,040 or 12.5% were in education and 1,751 or 21.0% were in health care.

In 2000, there were 6,437 workers who commuted into the municipality and 4,894 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net importer of workers, with about 1.3 workers entering the municipality for every one leaving. About 7.0% of the workforce coming into Yverdon-les-Bains are coming from outside Switzerland, while 0.0% of the locals commute out of Switzerland for work. Of the working population, 16.7% used public transportation to get to work, and 53.9% used a private car.

## Transportation

The municipality has three railway stations, Yverdon-les-Bains, Yverdon-Champ Pittet, and Yverdon William Barbey. The first of these is a major interchange on the standard gauge Fribourg–Yverdon and Jura Foot lines and the narrow-gauge Yverdon–Ste-Croix line. It serves 16,800 passengers on a typical weekday and has regular service to Lausanne, St. Gallen, Geneva Airport, Zürich Hauptbahnhof, Neuchâtel, Palézieux, Fribourg/Freiburg, and Ste-Croix. Yverdon-Champ Pittet is located on the eastern edge of the municipality on the Fribourg–Yverdon line, while Yverdon William Barbey is located west of the city centre on the Yverdon–Ste-Croix line.

## Religion

From the 2000 census, 8,628 or 35.4% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church, while 7,489 or 30.7% were Roman Catholic. Of the rest of the population, there were 835 members of an Orthodox church (or about 3.43% of the population), there were 28 individuals (or about 0.11% of the population) who belonged to the Christian Catholic Church, and there were 1,389 individuals (or about 5.70% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church.

There were 25 individuals (or about 0.10% of the population) who were Jewish, and 1,631 (or about 6.69% of the population) who were Muslim. There were 74 individuals who were Buddhist, 183 individuals who were Hindu and 38 individuals who belonged to another church. 3,061 (or about 12.56% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 1,668 individuals (or about 6.84% of the population) did not answer the question.

## Weather

Yverdon-les-Bains has an average of 118.4 days of rain or snow per year and on average receives 893 mm (35.2 in) of precipitation. The wettest month is June during which time Yverdon-les-Bains receives an average of 92 mm (3.6 in) of rain or snow. During this month there is precipitation for an average of 11.2 days. The month with the most days of precipitation is May, with an average of 11.4, but with only 80 mm (3.1 in) of rain or snow. The driest month of the year is April with an average of 59 mm (2.3 in) of precipitation over 9.4 days.

## Education

Yverdon-les-Bains is a university town, hosting the School of Business and Engineering Vaud, a public university with over 2000 students and largest branch of the University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland, distributed over three adjacent sites at Yverdon: Route de Cheseaux, Centre St-Roch, and Centre Y-Parc.

In Yverdon-les-Bains about 7,695 or (31.6%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 2,339 or (9.6%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a *Fachhochschule*). Of the 2,339 who completed tertiary schooling, 50.6% were Swiss men, 28.3% were Swiss women, 13.6% were non-Swiss men and 7.5% were non-Swiss women.

In the 2009/2010 school year there were a total of 3,093 students in the Yverdon-les-Bains school district. In the Vaud cantonal school system, two years of non-obligatory pre-school are provided by the political districts. During the school year, the political district provided pre-school care for a total of 578 children of which 359 children (62.1%) received subsidized pre-school care. The canton's primary school program requires students to attend for four years. There were 1,589 students in the municipal primary school program. The obligatory lower secondary school program lasts for six years and there were 1,410 students in those schools. There were also 94 students who were home schooled or attended another non-traditional school.

As of 2000, there were 2,043 students in Yverdon-les-Bains who came from another municipality, while 507 residents attended schools outside the municipality.

Yverdon-les-Bains is home to the *Maison d'Ailleurs* museum, the *Musée d'Yverdon et région* and the *Musée suisse de la Mode*. In 2009 the *Maison d'Ailleurs* was visited by 12,000 visitors (the average in previous years was 9,838). In 2009 the *Musée d'Yverdon et région* was visited by 8,051 visitors (the average in previous years was 7,871). In 2009 the *Musée suisse de la Mode* was visited by 8,051 visitors (the average in previous years was 7,871).

Yverdon-les-Bains is home to 2 libraries. These libraries include; the Bibliothèque publique Yverdon and the *Haute école d'ingénierie et de gestion du Canton de Vaud*. There was a combined total (as of 2008) of 99,302 books or other media in the libraries, and in the same year a total of 124,282 items were loaned out.

## Sport

Yverdon-Sport FC is the municipality's football club.

## Heritage sites of national significance

There are nine sites that are listed as Swiss heritage site of national significance in Yverdon. The public buildings are; the Public Library of Yverdon-Les-Bains, Yverdon Castle and museum, the City Hall, the L'ancien hôtel de l'Aigle, the Thorens House (formerly Steiner House) and the Villa d'Entremont. It includes one religious building, the Temple. The last two sites are Clendy, a littoral settlement and prehistoric megalithic site and Eburodunum, a Celtic oppidum, a Roman vicus and a medieval and modern village.

### Notable buildings and locations

### World heritage site

The prehistoric settlement at Baie de Clendy is part of the Prehistoric Pile dwellings around the Alps a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

## Notable people

## International relations

Yverdon is twinned with:

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## InfoBox

| Yverdon-les-Bains | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Yverdon-les-Bains | |
|  | |
| Location of Yverdon-les-Bains | |
| Yverdon-les-BainsYverdon-les-Bains | |
| Coordinates: 46°46.71′N 6°38.45′E / 46.77850°N 6.64083°E / 46.77850; 6.64083 | |
| Country | Switzerland |
| Canton | Vaud |
| District | Jura-Nord Vaudois |
| Government | |
| Executive | *Municipalité*
with 7 members |
| Mayor | *Syndic*(list)
Pierre Dessemontet SPS/PSS
(as of 2021) |
| Parliament | *Conseil communal*
with 100 members |
| Area | |
| Total | 11.28 km2 (4.36 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 435 m (1,427 ft) |
| Population (31 December 2018) | |
| Total | 30,157 |
| Density | 2,700/km2 (6,900/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (Central European Time) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (Central European Summer Time) |
| Postal code(s) | 1400 |
| SFOS number | 5938 |
| ISO 3166 code | CH-VD |
| Surrounded by | Belmont-sur-Yverdon, Cheseaux-Noréaz, Cuarny, Épendes, Grandson, Gressy, Montagny-près-Yverdon, Pomy, Treycovagnes |
| Twin towns | Nogent-sur-Marne (France), Winterthur (Switzerland), Prokuplje (Serbia), Kagamino (Japan), Pontarlier (France), Collesano (Italy) |
| Website | www.yverdon-les-bains.ch
Profile (in French), SFSO statistics |


title: Narottam Mishra

abstract: Dr. Narottam Mishra is the former Minister for Home Affairs, Law and Legislative Affairs, Prisons, and Parliamentary Affairs in Government of Madhya Pradesh. He is a leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and represents Datia constituency in Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly, from where he has been elected thrice consecutively, having also previously represented Dabra thrice. He lost 2023 assembly election against congress candidate Bharti Rajendra on 3rd December 2023.

text:
# Narottam Mishra

**Dr. Narottam Mishra** (born 15 April 1960) is the former Minister for Home Affairs, Law and Legislative Affairs, Prisons, and Parliamentary Affairs in Government of Madhya Pradesh.

He is a leader of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and represents Datia constituency in Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly, from where he has been elected thrice consecutively, having also previously represented Dabra thrice. He lost 2023 assembly election against congress candidate Bharti Rajendra on 3rd December 2023.

## Early life

He holds an M.A., and Ph.D. from Jiwaji University, Gwalior in 1998. He was Secretary of Jiwaji University Gwalior's students union in year 1977-78 and member of State Executive Body of MP Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha in 1978–80.

## Political career

Dr. Narottam Mishra is serving as the Minister for Home Affairs, Law, Prisons, and Parliamentary Affairs. He is a six-time member of the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly. He was first elected to 9th Vidhan Sabha in 1990 and was re-elected in 1998 and 2003 from Dabra assembly constituency of Gwalior district, and in 2008, 2013 and 2018 from Datia assembly constituency.

Dr. Narottam Mishra has been a Minister from 2005-2008, 2009-2018 and 2020-present.

He was inducted into Shri Babulal Gaur's Council of Ministers on 1 June 2005 as a Minister of State.

Dr. Mishra was inducted in Shri Shivraj Singh Chouhan's Council of Ministers on 4 December 2005 as Minister of State, and was later made a Cabinet Minister.

While being a Member of the Legislative Assembly, he contested the Lok Sabha election in 2009 but lost to Jyotiraditya Scindia. Soon after, he was re-inducted into Shri Shivraj Singh Chouhan's Council of Ministers on 28 October 2009 as Cabinet Minister. He again took oath as Cabinet Minister on 21 December 2013. He has served as Cabinet Minister for Health and Family Welfare, Urban Development, Public Relations, Water Resources, Law and Legislative Affairs, and Parliamentary Affairs, across his various terms.

He was disqualified by the EC on 23 June 2017 for filing wrong accounts of election expenditure in the 2008 Assembly polls and for using paid news in his election campaign and for not furnishing proper accounts of poll expenses. Mishra moved to Supreme court for relief. Vide its judgement dated 18 May 2018, the Delhi High Court set aside the order of the Election Commission, while also noting that *"in the facts and circumstances of the case; there was no manner of proof that could be reasonably accepted by a tribunal established by law."*

He took Oath on 20 April 2020 as the Minister for Home Affairs, and Health and Family Welfare, Government of Madhya Pradesh. Subsequent to a cabinet reshuffle, he was appointed the Minister for Law and Legislative Affairs, Prisons, and Parliamentary Affairs, while continuing to retain the Ministry for Home Affairs.

Commenting on a riot on 10 April 2022 and the state's response with bulldozers the following day, he advised: "The house from where stones came, will be made into a pile of stones."

## InfoBox

| Narottam Mishra | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Cabinet Minister
Government of Madhya Pradesh | |
| **In office**
21 April 2020  2023 | |
| Ministry | **Term** |
| Minister of Law
Minister of Parliamentary Affairs | 13 July 2020 -2023 |
| Minister of Home Affairs | 21 April 2020 -2023 |
| Minister of Health & Family Welfare | 21 April 2020 - 13 July 2020 |
| **In office**
21 December 2013  17 December 2018 | |
| Ministry | **Term** |
| Minister of Water Resources | 4 July 2016 - 17 December 2018 |
| Minister of Information & Public Relations | 4 July 2016 - 17 December 2018 |
| Minister of Health & Family Welfare
Minister of Medical Education
Minister of AYUSH | 21 December 2013 - 4 July 2016 |
| Minister of Parliamentary Affairs | 21 December 2013 - 17 December 2018 |
| **In office**
28 October 2009  14 December 2013 | |
| Ministry | **Term** |
| Minister of Health & Family Welfare | 27 January 2011 - 14 December 2013 |
| Minister of Housing | 26 May 2010 - 14 December 2013 |
| Minister of Law
Minister of Parliamentary Affairs | 28 October 2009 -14 December 2013 |
| **In office**
1 June 2005  12 December 2008 | |
| Ministry | **Term** |
| Minister of Urban Development | 27 August 2007 - 12 December 2008 |
| Minister of Education | 29 November 2005 - 27 August 2007 |
| Minister of Law | 1 June 2005 - 27 August 2007 |
| Minister of Parliamentary Affairs | 1 June 2005 - 12 December 2008 |
| Member of the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly | |
| **In office**
8 December 2008  2023 | |
| Preceded by | Ghanshyam Singh |
| Succeeded by | Rajendra Bharti |
| Constituency | Datia |
| **In office**
1998–2008 | |
| Preceded by | Jawahar Singh Rawat |
| Succeeded by | Imarti Devi |
| Constituency | Dabra |
| **In office**
1990–1993 | |
| Preceded by | Narsingrao Pawar |
| Succeeded by | Jawahar Singh Rawat |
| Constituency | Dabra |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1960-04-15) 15 April 1960
Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India |
| Political party | Bharatiya Janata Party |
| Parent | * Shivdutt Mishra (father) |
|  | |


title: Narottam Narayan

abstract: Narottam Narayan Sharma was an Indian artist from Nathdwara. He is especially famous for his images of Krishna, which were popular throughout North India and were even more influential than the works of Raja Ravi Varma. Several of his paintings of Krishna, Lakshmi, Sarasvati, Ganesha and Shiva were published as posters by S. S. Brijbasi, a firm based in Karachi in pre-independence India, using chromolithography, and printed in Germany. Narottam Narayan's paintings marked a conscious return to a more traditional style of representation, wherein realism was less paramount than the images' iconic nature and engagement with the viewers. An "example par excellence" is his painting Murli Manohar (1934), which is reputed to be the best-selling image in the history of the industry. Other famous paintings of his, mass-produced by S. S. Brijbasi, include Shree Satyanarain, Kailash Pati Shankar, depictions of Maharana Pratap and Shivaji, and images having to do with the independence struggle including portraits of Gandhi and Nehru, Mata ka Bandhan Mochan, and, painted after Gandhi's death, Gandhiji ki swargyatra. His initial training was at Udaipur. He was an illustrious apprentice of Ghasiram Hardev Sharma (1868–1930), who was himself trained at Jhalawar. It is likely that, as with Ravi Varma, Narottam Narayan's training may have been influenced by landscapes in German and Austrian prints and postcards, via collections at the princely courts at Udaipur and Jhalawar. The Nathdwara painters played a part in the evolution of Mewar painting. Ghasiram was both chief painter and head of photography for the Shrinathji temple in Nathdwara. Narottam Narayan adopted a practice of combining painting and photography in his image-making process, possibly either using photographs as a model or overpainting them. As with other artists of the Nathdwara school, his paintings are characterised by a photographic treatment of figures, in the sense that he replicated the tones of black-and-white photography, such as giving a grey tinge to his Murli Manohar. The goal was to make "the divine accessible to the devotees as an empathetic presence". When his painting was used in 1928 for the first printed reproduction of the Shrinathji image, the artists of Nathdwara boycotted him, as they were opposed to mass reproduction fearing that it would affect their earnings. Eventually, they realised that mass production would bring greater awareness, demand, income, and fame. Narottam Narayan was also an early influence on B. G. Sharma, who later broke away to evolve his own style.

text:
# Narottam Narayan

**Narottam Narayan Sharma** (born 1896, died 1986 or 1992) was an Indian artist from Nathdwara. He is especially famous for his images of Krishna, which were popular throughout North India and were even more influential than the works of Raja Ravi Varma.

Several of his paintings of Krishna, Lakshmi, Sarasvati, Ganesha and Shiva were published as posters by S. S. Brijbasi, a firm based in Karachi in pre-independence India (from 1918 until Partition), using chromolithography, and printed in Germany.

Narottam Narayan's paintings marked a conscious return to a more traditional style of representation, wherein realism was less paramount than the images' iconic nature and engagement with the viewers. An "example par excellence" is his painting *Murli Manohar* (1934), which is reputed to be the best-selling image in the history of the industry. Other famous paintings of his, mass-produced by S. S. Brijbasi, include *Shree Satyanarain* (of Satyanarayana), *Kailash Pati Shankar* (of Shiva), depictions of Maharana Pratap and Shivaji, and images having to do with the independence struggle including portraits of Gandhi and Nehru, *Mata ka Bandhan Mochan*, and, painted after Gandhi's death, *Gandhiji ki swargyatra* (Gandhi's ascent to heaven).

His initial training was at Udaipur. He was an illustrious apprentice of Ghasiram Hardev Sharma (1868–1930), who was himself trained at Jhalawar. It is likely that, as with Ravi Varma, Narottam Narayan's training may have been influenced by landscapes in German and Austrian prints and postcards, via collections at the princely courts at Udaipur and Jhalawar. The Nathdwara painters played a part in the evolution of Mewar painting.

Ghasiram was both chief painter and head of photography for the Shrinathji temple in Nathdwara. Narottam Narayan adopted a practice of combining painting and photography in his image-making process, possibly either using photographs as a model or overpainting them.

As with other artists of the Nathdwara school, his paintings are characterised by a photographic treatment of figures (especially faces), in the sense that he replicated the tones of black-and-white photography, such as giving a grey tinge to his *Murli Manohar*. The goal was to make "the divine accessible to the devotees as an empathetic presence".

When his painting was used in 1928 for the first printed reproduction of the Shrinathji image, the artists of Nathdwara boycotted him, as they were opposed to mass reproduction fearing that it would affect their earnings. Eventually, they realised that mass production would bring greater awareness, demand, income, and fame.

Narottam Narayan was also an early influence on B. G. Sharma (also from Nathdwara), who later broke away to evolve his own style.

## Further reading

* Lyons, Tryna, *The Artists of Nathadwara: The Practice of Painting in Rajasthan*, Mapin (Ahmedabad) and Indiana University Press (Bloomington), pp. 1–360


title: Narosura

abstract: Narosura is a settlement in Kenya's Narok County in Narok South district approximately 42 miles south of Narok Town. The people living around Narosura are predominantly pastoralist Maasai, some of whom also practice irrigation agriculture. Narosura has come to be known as a hub of commerce and horticulture. Narosura also boasts a large concentration of university graduates complemented by a large number of skilled professionals in Maasailand. Important community institutions include a public-run health center, several churches and schools.

text:
# Narosura

**Narosura** is a settlement in Kenya's Narok County in Narok South district approximately 42 miles south of Narok Town. The people living around Narosura are predominantly pastoralist Maasai, some of whom also practice irrigation agriculture.

Narosura has come to be known as a hub of commerce and horticulture. Narosura also boasts a large concentration of university graduates complemented by a large number of skilled professionals in Maasailand. Important community institutions include a public-run health center, several churches and schools.

## Geography

## People

## Economy

Though located in the backwaters of predominantly semi-arid plains at the foot of the Loita hills, Narosurra Town is a fairly modern and fast growing commercial hub.

## Education

While Narosura has remained for decades without a high school, it is probable that it has the largest concentration of post-secondary educated residents. Until the establishment of Kuntai Primary School, the only primary school that offered primary school education to local children was Kanunka Primary School on the foot of the Loita Mountain range, about seven miles to the due south of Narosura Town.

## Archaeology

Archaeologists discovered an important Pastoral Neolithic site at Narosura in the early 1970s. The site was occupied by a Savanna Pastoral Neolithic pastoralist community c.3000-2000 BP. Narosura now serves as the type site for "Narosura Ware" ceramics, a distinctive style of pottery characterized by open bowls with comb-stamped decorations in bands near rims.

## InfoBox

| Narosura | |
| --- | --- |
| NarosuraLocation of Narosura | |
| Coordinates: 1°32′S 35°52′E / 1.53°S 35.87°E / -1.53; 35.87 | |
| Country | Kenya |
| County | Narok County |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (EAT) |


title: Zack Whyte

abstract: Zack Whyte was an American jazz bandleader, best known for leading the territory band the Chocolate Beau Brummels.

text:
# Zack Whyte

**Zack Whyte** (sometimes spelled Zach Whyte) (1898 – March 10, 1967) was an American jazz bandleader, best known for leading the territory band the **Chocolate Beau Brummels**.

## Biography

Whyte was born in 1898 in Richmond, Kentucky. He studied at Wilberforce University, where he played banjo with Horace Henderson and arranged pieces for him. He led his own Cincinnati-based bands from the early 1920s, and put together the Chocolate Beau Brummels late in the decade. This ensemble recorded for Gennett, Supertone, and Champion in 1929, amounting to about ten tunes. Some of the recordings were released under the names "Eddie Walker & His Band" and "Smoke Jackson & His Red Onions". Whyte died on March 10, 1967, in Kentucky.

## Legacy

Among those who played in Whyte's bands were Herman Chittison, Jerry Blake, Truck Parham, Sy Oliver, Roy Eldridge, Vic Dickenson, and Al Sears. Whyte's entire discography was reissued to CD on a Jazz Oracle compilation, *Richmond Rarities 1927-31*.


title: Zack Zero

abstract: Zack Zero is a 2.5D platform-adventure video game developed and published by Crocodile Entertainment via PlayStation Network on January 17, 2012 and Microsoft Windows, through Steam, on April 29, 2013. The player helps Zack Zero save his partner Marlene from Evil Zulrog who wishes to exchange her for a unique material involved in time travel called Kelestinia.

text:
# Zack Zero

***Zack Zero*** is a 2.5D platform-adventure video game developed and published by Crocodile Entertainment via PlayStation Network on January 17, 2012 and Microsoft Windows, through Steam, on April 29, 2013.

The player helps Zack Zero save his partner Marlene from Evil Zulrog who wishes to exchange her for a unique material involved in time travel called Kelestinia.

## Reception

## InfoBox

| Zack Zero | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Developer(s) | Crocodile Entertainment |
| Publisher(s) | Crocodile Entertainment |
| Platform(s) | PlayStation 3, Windows |
| Release | **PS3**
* NA: January 17, 2012 * EU: January 11, 2012 **Windows**
* WW: April 29, 2013 |
| Genre(s) | Platform-adventure |
| Mode(s) | Single-player |


title: Zajączkówko

abstract: Zajączkówko is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Połczyn-Zdrój, within Świdwin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) south-west of Połczyn-Zdrój, 19 km (12 mi) east of Świdwin, and 103 km (64 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin.

text:
# Zajączkówko

**Zajączkówko** \[zajɔnt͡ʂˈkufkɔ\] (German *Neu Sanskow*) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Połczyn-Zdrój, within Świdwin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) south-west of Połczyn-Zdrój, 19 km (12 mi) east of Świdwin, and 103 km (64 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin.

## InfoBox

| Zajączkówko | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Zajączkówko | |
| Coordinates: 53°44′N 16°2′E / 53.733°N 16.033°E / 53.733; 16.033 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | West Pomeranian |
| County | Świdwin |
| Gmina | Połczyn-Zdrój |


title: Nate Kellogg

abstract: Nathaniel Monroe Kellogg was a Major League Baseball shortstop. He played in five games for the 1885 Detroit Wolverines. He continued to play in the minor leagues through 1891, primarily in the New England League and Northwestern League.

text:
# Nate Kellogg

**Nathaniel Monroe Kellogg** (September 28, 1858  July 19, 1923) was a Major League Baseball shortstop. He played in five games for the 1885 Detroit Wolverines. He continued to play in the minor leagues through 1891, primarily in the New England League and Northwestern League.

## Sources

## InfoBox

| Nate Kellogg | |
| --- | --- |
| **Shortstop** | |
| **Born:** (1858-09-28)September 28, 1858
Rochester, Iowa | |
| **Died:** July 19, 1923(1923-07-19) (aged 64)
Brooklyn, New York | |
| **Batted:** Left**Threw:** Right | |
| MLB debut | |
| August 27, 1885, for the Detroit Wolverines | |
| Last MLB appearance | |
| September 5, 1885, for the Detroit Wolverines | |
| MLB statistics | |
| Batting average | .118 |
| Home runs | 0 |
| Runs batted in | 0 |
|  | |
| Teams | |
|  | |


title: Nathaniel Prime

abstract: Nathaniel Prime was a New York broker and banker.

text:
# Nathaniel Prime

**Nathaniel Prime** (January 30, 1768 – November 26, 1840) was a New York broker and banker.

## Early life

Prime was born in Rowley, Massachusetts on January 30, 1768. He was the son of Joshua Prime and Bridget Hammond Prime.

In his early years, he was a coachman to Boston merchant William Gray and moved to New York in 1795.

## Career

In 1796, Prime organized "Nathaniel Prime, Stock and Commission Broker" at 42 Wall Street. He made great wealth buying and selling bank stocks. After opening his own private bank, he allowed customers to deposit money and then loaned it out.

In 1808, he brought in Samuel Ward III as a partner and the firm was renamed Prime & Ward. In 1816, Joseph Sands, Prime's brother-in-law, was made a partner and the firm became Prime, Ward & Sands.

In 1824, the firm was again reorganized as Prime, Ward, Sands & King when James Gore King became a partner upon his return from England. King, a son of U.S. Senator Rufus King, had previously been affiliated with the firm of King & Gracie, founded in 1818 in Liverpool, England by King and his brother-in-law, Archibald Gracie Jr. (the son of Archibald Gracie). In 1826, after Joseph died the firm became Prime, Ward & King. Nathaniel Prime retired from the firm in 1832 and his son Edward took his place.

### Residence

Prime and his family lived in a house on the corner of Broadway and Battery Place. In 1807, he purchased a house and 130 acres for a country seat at Hell Gate, New York near Yorkville, New York. The building stood on the block between First Avenue and York Avenue and 89th and 90th streets. In 1857, the mansion was purchased by the Redemptorists, who opened St. Joseph's Orphan Asylum.

John Frazee did a sculpture of Prime.

## Personal life

On June 7, 1797, Prime was married to Cornelia Sands (1773–1852), the daughter of Comfort Sands (d. 1835), the celebrated merchant, banker and Continental Congressman, and Elizabeth (née Cornell) Sands. Together, they were the parents of:

* Cornelia Prime (1800–1874), who married Robert Ray (1794–1879), brother-in-law of New York Gov. John Alsop King.
* Edward Prime (1801–1883), a banker with Prime, Ward & King who married Charlotte Wilkins Hoffman (1808–1892).
* Emily Prime (1804–1854), who married William Seton (1796–1868), a U.S. Navy captain and son of Elizabeth Ann Seton, in 1832.
* Frederick Prime (1807–1887), who married Lydia Hare (1815–1883), a daughter of Robert Hare.
* Matilda Prime (1810–1849), who married Gerard Holsman Coster (1808–1880), son of John Gerard Coster in 1831.
* Laura Prime (1812–1887), who married John Clarkson Jay (1808–1891), the son of Peter A. Jay and grandson of John Jay.

Prime committed suicide on November 26, 1840, by cutting his throat. William H. Aspinwall served on the coroner's jury, and Edgar Howland informed diarist George Templeton Strong that:

> "Prime went to his room at two o'clock and appears to have taken up and read his prayer book, then went before the glass, cut his throat coolly and steadily from ear to ear, replaced the razor in its case, and then walked into the next room, and there fell. The jury found "insanity." He had been dyspeptic and nervous for some time; he was retired from active life and his mind, I suppose, preyed on itself for want of occupation ..."

### Descendants

Through his daughter Cornelia, he was the grandfather of Cornelia Ray (1829–1867), who married Gen. Schuyler Hamilton (1822–1903), a grandson of Alexander Hamilton; Robert Ray (1832–1860), and Nathalie Elizabeth Ray (1837–1912), who married Edmund Lincoln Baylies (1829–1869), the parents of Edmund L. Baylies Jr.

Through his daughter Emily, he was the grandfather of author, novelist and popular science writer William Seton III (1835–1905), Robert Seton (1839–1927), a monsignor in the Roman Catholic Church and titular archbishop of Heliopolis.

Through his son Edward, he was the grandfather of William Hoffman Prime (1837–1881), who married Annie Rhodes Gilbert in 1879; Mary Catherine Prime (b. 1841), who married James A. Scrimper in 1868; and Henry Prime (b. 1847). William's children included Charlotte Hoffman Prime (1881–1969), who married William Massena Benjamin (1874–1928), the son of Samuel Nicholl Benjamin; and Charlotte Prime (b. 1838), who married Leonard J. Wyeth in 1858.

## InfoBox

| Nathaniel Prime | |
| --- | --- |
| The b/w version of a portrait of Nathaniel Prime by Oliver Ingraham Lay, 1879 (copy after John Trumbull) | |
| Born | (1768-01-30)January 30, 1768
Rowley, Massachusetts, British America |
| Died | November 26, 1840(1840-11-26) (aged 72)
New York City, U.S. |
| Occupation(s) | Broker and banker |
| Spouse | Cornelia Sands |
| Partner | Cornelia Sands (1773–1852) |
| Children | Edward Prime |
| Parent(s) | Joshua Prime
Bridget Hammond Prime |
| Relatives | William Seton III (grandson) |


title: Nathaniel Pousette-Dart

abstract: Nathaniel Jermund Pousette-Dart (né Pousette was a painter and an art writer from St. Paul, Minnesota. The son of Swedish immigrants Algot Elias Pousette and Mathilda Nilson, he studied painting at the Art Students League in New York City Philadelphia under the painter Robert Henri and at the Academy of Fine Arts. After he returned to St. Paul he became known for his depictions of Minnesotan landscapes and subjects. His art was described as "Wholly and progressively modern it is, and impressionistic to a degree, yet at bottom it is sane and conservative.". He also wrote articles on art and edited books on the same. He married Flora Louise Dart on April 16, 1913. Miss Dart was rather progressive in her ideas on marriage and refused to use the conventional vows promising to love, honor, cherish, and obey. She believed marriage should be one of mutual esteem and wrote her own vows reflecting this. After their marriage they combined their last names to form Pousette-Dart. The couple had moved to Valhalla, New York by 1920. Their son Richard Pousette-Dart became a famous artist in his own right.

text:
# Nathaniel Pousette-Dart

**Nathaniel Jermund Pousette-Dart** (né **Pousette** (7 September 1886 – 17 October 1965) was a painter and an art writer from St. Paul, Minnesota. The son of Swedish immigrants Algot Elias Pousette and Mathilda Nilson, he studied painting at the Art Students League in New York City Philadelphia under the painter Robert Henri and at the Academy of Fine Arts.

After he returned to St. Paul he became known for his depictions of Minnesotan landscapes and subjects. His art was described as "Wholly and progressively modern it is, and impressionistic to a degree, yet at bottom it is sane and conservative.". He also wrote articles on art and edited books on the same.

He married Flora Louise Dart on April 16, 1913. Miss Dart was rather progressive in her ideas on marriage and refused to use the conventional vows promising to love, honor, cherish, and obey. She believed marriage should be one of mutual esteem and wrote her own vows reflecting this. After their marriage they combined their last names to form Pousette-Dart.

The couple had moved to Valhalla, New York by 1920.

Their son Richard Pousette-Dart became a famous artist in his own right.

* Biography (Vern Carver and Beard Art Galleries)


title: Zana Fraillon

abstract: Zana Fraillon is an Australian writer of fiction for children and young adults based in Melbourne, Australia. Fraillon is known for allowing young readers to examine human rights abuses within fiction and in 2017 she won an Amnesty CILIP Honour for her book The Bone Sparrow which highlights the plight of the Rohingya people. The Bone Sparrow has been translated to stage and is set to premier in the York Theatre Royal, England, from 25 February 2022.

text:
# Zana Fraillon

**Zana Fraillon** (born 1981) is an Australian writer of fiction for children and young adults based in Melbourne, Australia. Fraillon is known for allowing young readers to examine human rights abuses within fiction and in 2017 she won an Amnesty CILIP Honour for her book *The Bone Sparrow* which highlights the plight of the Rohingya people. *The Bone Sparrow* has been translated to stage and is set to premier in the York Theatre Royal, England, from 25 February 2022.

## Biography

Fraillon was born in Melbourne and spent her early childhood in San Francisco. She was an avid reader as a child and grew up surrounded by books. She attributes a vision problem that was not diagnosed until she was seven as the reason she was more focused on books than the world around her. Fraillon studied history, spent a year teaching in China and returned to Melbourne to study and work as a teacher. She is from a family of writers and began writing fun picture books with her son. A friend encouraged her to submit these to a publisher and her writing career was born.

## Bibliography

* *When No One's Looking At the Zoo* Hardie Grant Egmont 2009
* *When No One's Looking On the Farm* Hardie Grant Egmont 2012
* *Monstrum House* Hardie Grant Egmont 2012
* *No Stars to Wish On* Allen & Unwin 2014
* *The Bone Sparrow* Lothian Children's Books 2016
* *The Ones That Disappeared* Hachette Children's Group 2017
* *Wisp - A Story of Hope* Lothian Children's Books 2018
* *The Lost Soul Atlas* Lothian Children's Books 2020
* *The Curiosities* Lothian Children's Books 2021
* *The Way of Dog* (UQP, 2022)
* *The Raven's Song* written with Bren MacDibble (Allen & Unwin, Aus/NZ, 2022) (Old Barn Books, UK, 2022)

## Awards

## InfoBox

| Zana Fraillon | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | January 1981<br>Melbourne, Australia |
| Occupation | Teacher/Writer |
| Nationality | Australian |
| Website | |
| zanafraillon.com | |


title: Zana ambush

abstract: The Zana ambush, referred to as the Ambush of the Righteous by Hamas, was an ambush carried out on 6 April 2024 by the Qassam Brigades against Israel Defense Forces (IDF) personnel and vehicles in the Gaza Strip. According to the IDF, four Israeli soldiers were killed as well as a number of Qassam Brigades fighters from a second cell after the initial group of militants retreated.

text:
# Zana ambush

The **Zana ambush**, referred to as the **Ambush of the Righteous** by Hamas, was an ambush carried out on 6 April 2024 by the Qassam Brigades against Israel Defense Forces (IDF) personnel and vehicles in the Gaza Strip. According to the IDF, four Israeli soldiers were killed as well as a number of Qassam Brigades fighters from a second cell after the initial group of militants retreated.

## Background

In February, the IDF claimed that it had dismantled Hamas's battalions in Khan Yunis, and to give credence to that claim, Defense Minister Yoav Gallant visited the city. However, Palestinian militants continued to attack Israeli forces throughout February and March.

## Ambush

The Qassam brigades asserted that the very location of the ambush, Al Zana, was one of the areas Israel claimed to have subdued and pacified.

On April 9, 2024, the Qassam Brigades published an 8-minute video showing how the operation was prepared and the ambush itself.

The Qassam Brigades had planted IEDs and booby traps, before recording the unsuspecting soldiers as they advanced to the area of the planned ambush.

As the Israeli patrol passed by an area of Al Zana containing primarily destroyed buildings, Palestinian militants opened fire from their positions. Ido Baruch, the captain who was commanding the patrol, was killed. The remaining Israeli soldiers attempted to flee, with one sustaining injuries and attempting to return fire before being struck by militants' gunfire and killed. A third soldier, who had sought shelter behind a tank, was targeted by a sniper and killed.

The remaining Israeli patrol soldiers called for reinforcements, and the militants retreated to their positions. A Merkava arrived to rescue the remaining soldiers. As it passed by one of the buildings, a Palestinian militant fired an Al-Yassin 105 shell at the tank from the second floor, causing damage but failing to disable and causing no injuries. Two more tanks arrived, and were also targeted. As more Israeli reinforcements arrived, the militants became outnumbered and retreated. The IDF chose not to pursue due to the risk posed by potential IEDs. The IDF stated that a number of militants from a second cell were killed by tank fire shortly thereafter. The bodies of the killed soldiers were taken away, and disabled vehicles towed.

## Aftermath

The ambush had a major impact on the Israeli army, demonstrating that Hamas was still able to inflict devastating blows despite being at a technological and numerical disadvantage, as well as disproving the Israeli claim that it had been dismantled locally. The Israeli military withdrew from Khan Yunis the next day.

## InfoBox

| Ambush of the Righteous
كمين الأبرار | |
| --- | --- |
| Part of Israel–Hamas War | |
|
Israeli soldier patrol led by Ido Baruch, who was killed during the ambush | |
| Date April 6, 2024  Location Al-Zana, Khan Yunis, Gaza Strip  Result  Hamas victory | |
| Belligerents | |
| Israel | Hamas |
| Commanders and leaders | |
| Ido Baruch | Rafah Salama |
| Units involved | |
| Israeli Defence Forces | Al-Qassam Brigades |
| Casualties and losses | |
| **According to IDF**:
4 soldiers killed
2 soldiers injured
2 Merkava tanks damaged
**According to Al-Qassam Brigades**:
9 soldiers killed
3 Merkava tanks disabled | Unknown; a small number killed by tank fire (per IDF) |


title: Natalia Solodinina

abstract: Natalia Solodinina is a Russian female acrobatic gymnast. With partners Victoria Sukhareva and Natalia Lavrukhina, Solodinina competed in the 2014 Acrobatic Gymnastics World Championships.

text:
# Natalia Solodinina

**Natalia Solodinina** (born 13 December 1997) is a Russian female acrobatic gymnast. With partners Victoria Sukhareva and Natalia Lavrukhina, Solodinina competed in the 2014 Acrobatic Gymnastics World Championships.

## InfoBox

| Natalia Solodinina | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Personal information | |
| Country represented | Russia |
| Born | (1997-12-13) 13 December 1997 |
| Discipline | Acrobatic gymnastics |


title: The Case of the Toxic Spell Dump

abstract: The Case of the Toxic Spell Dump is a fantasy novel by American writer Harry Turtledove, published by Baen Books in 1993.

text:
# The Case of the Toxic Spell Dump

***The Case of the Toxic Spell Dump*** is a fantasy novel by American writer Harry Turtledove, published by Baen Books in 1993.

## Premise and setting

While having some aspects of an alternate history, it is mainly a work of science fantasy depicting a world where spells, pragmatically used by some to achieve the same results as the use of technology, call upon a spectrum of major to minor deities of the present to the past that are functioning when called upon or omni-present and restricted to local use or having a greater area of influence. Spells are not toxin-free and can have an ill effect on the environment when the appropriate deities and if certain practices are not considered, disaster can follow.

The book is set in a recognizable present-day United States (specifically, in a very recognizable analogue of Los Angeles), with many present-day technologies and institutions having a magical equivalent (for example, the analogue of the CIA is staffed by actual, literal spooks, and computers use a multitude of imps instead of microchips). The title refers to magic spells that can have toxic side-effects, much the same as industrial practices in our world; therefore, there is the need for a place where those toxins can be dumped to avoid damaging the environment.

The book also employs many of the conventions of the hard-boiled detective novel, transposed to this setting. The protagonist, EPA (Environmental Perfection Agency) agent David Fisher, is assigned a case that would appear to need little attention and a simple solution soon becomes complicated and dangerous.

## InfoBox

The Case of the Toxic Spell Dump
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Harry Turtledove |
| Cover artist | Stephen Hickman |
| Language | English |
| Genre | Fantasy |
| Published | 1993 (Baen) |
| Publication place | United States |
| Media type | Print (Paperback & Hardcover) |
| ISBN | 0-671-72196-8 |


title: Walytjatjata

abstract: Walytjatjata is a place in the Northern Territory of Australia that is culturally important to the Pitjantjatjara Aboriginal community. It is located in the far south of the Territory, about 3 km (1.9 mi) away from the border with South Australia. It is surrounded to the north by the western hills of the Mann Ranges. An outstation was built here in the 1980s, although nobody currently lives there permanently. Most of the families associated with the place live in Pipalyatjara, about 30 km (19 mi) to the south-east. The houses there are sometimes used for hunting, foraging, painting and cultural events. Nearby are several rockholes and a sacred rock formation that is associated with the Ngiṉṯaka Tjukurpa. The name walytjatjara refers to something having an owner in Pitjantjatjara.

text:
# Walytjatjata

**Walytjatjata** (also spelled **Walytjatjara**) is a place in the Northern Territory of Australia that is culturally important to the Pitjantjatjara Aboriginal community. It is located in the far south of the Territory, about 3 km (1.9 mi) away from the border with South Australia. It is surrounded to the north by the western hills of the Mann Ranges. An outstation was built here in the 1980s, although nobody currently lives there permanently. Most of the families associated with the place live in Pipalyatjara, about 30 km (19 mi) to the south-east. The houses there are sometimes used for hunting, foraging, painting and cultural events. Nearby are several rockholes and a sacred rock formation that is associated with the *Ngiṉṯaka Tjukurpa*.

The name **walytjatjara** refers to something having an owner in Pitjantjatjara.

25°58′35″S 129°27′57″E / 25.97639°S 129.46583°E / -25.97639; 129.46583


title: Vivian Dykes

abstract: Brigadier Vivian Dykes,, known as Dumbie Dykes, was a British civil servant and officer of the Royal Engineers, who ultimately died serving in the Second World War.

text:
# Vivian Dykes

Brigadier **Vivian Dykes**, CBE (9 December 1898 in Bromley, Kent – 29 January 1943), known as **Dumbie Dykes**, was a British civil servant and officer of the Royal Engineers, who ultimately died serving in the Second World War.

## Military career

He was director of Plans, War Office between 1939 and 1941 and became the first Chief Combined Secretary British Joint Staff Mission Washington in 1942. He was described as being "at the heart of allied military policy making."

In the winter of 1940–41, before the U.S. had formally entered the war, Dykes was selected for an unusual, but important mission: to escort Colonel William Joseph Donovan, soon to become head of the Office of Strategic Services (forerunner to the CIA) and head of U.S. intelligence, on a fact-finding tour of the Mediterranean.

Dykes died in 1943 on approach to RAF Talbenny on a flight from Casablanca. On hearing the news, Winston Churchill sent a telegram to Air Chief Marshal Sir Charles Portal asking him to send his condolences to Dykes' relatives. He was buried at St Michael's Churchyard, Yorktown, Surrey.

At the time of his death, Dykes was serving as senior British secretary to the combined Chiefs of Staffs. He posthumously received the Distinguished Service Medal and was given a memorial service at Washington Cathedral in Washington, D.C., attended by British ambassador Lord Halifax, General George Marshall, Admiral Ernest King, Admiral Sir Percy Noble and many other dignitaries. The D.C. correspondent for *The Times* called Dykes "one of the most popular British officers who ever came to Washington."

His war time diaries were edited by Alex Danchev and published under the title *Establishing the Anglo-American Alliance: The Second World War Diaries of Brigadier Vivian Dykes* in 1990.

## Family

Dykes married Ada Winifred (*née* Smyth) in 1922. Dykes was uncle to Michael Swann, former chairman of the BBC and Hugh Swann, cabinet maker to Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom


title: Salvadoran cuisine

abstract: Salvadoran cuisine is a style of cooking derived from the nation of El Salvador. The indigenous foods consist of a mix of Amerindian cuisine from groups such as the Lenca, Pipil, Maya Poqomam, Maya Chʼortiʼ, Alaguilac and Cacaopera peoples and some African influences. Many of the dishes are made with maize (corn). There is also heavy use of pork and seafood. European ingredients were incorporated after the Spanish conquest. El Salvador's most notable dish is the pupusa, a thick handmade, tortilla-like corn flour or rice flour flatbread stuffed with cheese, chicharrón, refried beans or loroco. There are also vegetarian options, often with ayote, mora, or garlic. Some restaurants even offer pupusas stuffed with shrimp or spinach which are served with salsa roja, a cooked tomato sauce, often served with curtido. Pollo encebollado is another popular Salvadoran dish that contains chicken simmered with onions. Salvadoran cheeses queso duro, queso fresco, and cuajada are also eaten with meals. Two other typical Salvadoran dishes are yuca frita and panes rellenos. Yuca frita is deep-fried cassava root served with curtido and chicharron with pepesca. The yuca is sometimes served boiled instead of fried. Panes rellenos are warm submarine sandwiches. The turkey or chicken is marinated and then roasted with Pipil spices and hand-pulled. This sandwich is traditionally served with turkey or chicken, tomato, and watercress along with cucumber and cabbage. Other well-known Salvadoran dishes include carne guisada, lomo entomatado, carne asada, pasteles de carne, pollo guisado con hongos, pacaya planta, pavo salvadoreño, ceviche de camarones, and pescado empanizado. Salvadorean chorizo is short, fresh and tied into twin sausages.

text:
# Salvadoran cuisine

**Salvadoran cuisine** is a style of cooking derived from the nation of El Salvador. The indigenous foods consist of a mix of Amerindian cuisine from groups such as the Lenca, Pipil, Maya Poqomam, Maya Chʼortiʼ, Alaguilac and Cacaopera peoples and some African influences. Many of the dishes are made with maize (corn). There is also heavy use of pork and seafood. European ingredients were incorporated after the Spanish conquest.

El Salvador's most notable dish is the *pupusa*, a thick handmade, tortilla-like corn flour or rice flour flatbread stuffed with cheese, *chicharrón* (cooked pork meat ground to a paste consistency), refried beans or *loroco* (a vine flower bud native to Central America). There are also vegetarian options, often with ayote (a type of squash), mora (*Solanum nigrum*, a type of nightshade plant native to Eurasia), or garlic. Some restaurants even offer pupusas stuffed with shrimp or spinach which are served with *salsa roja*, a cooked tomato sauce, often served with *curtido*.

*Pollo encebollado* is another popular Salvadoran dish that contains chicken simmered with onions. Salvadoran cheeses *queso duro* (hard cheese), *queso fresco* (fresh cheese), and *cuajada* are also eaten with meals.

Two other typical Salvadoran dishes are *yuca frita* and *panes rellenos*. *Yuca frita* is deep-fried cassava root served with *curtido* (a pickled cabbage, onion and carrot topping) and chicharron with *pepesca* (fried baby sardines). The yuca is sometimes served boiled instead of fried. *Panes rellenos* ("stuffed bread") are warm submarine sandwiches. The turkey or chicken is marinated and then roasted with Pipil spices and hand-pulled. This sandwich is traditionally served with turkey or chicken, tomato, and watercress along with cucumber and cabbage.

Other well-known Salvadoran dishes include *carne guisada* (saucy beef with potatoes and carrots), *lomo entomatado* (beef with tomatoes), *carne asada* (grilled steak, usually served with a type of Salvadoran salsa called *chimol*), *pasteles de carne* (meat pies), *pollo guisado con hongos* (chicken with mushrooms), *pacaya planta* (palm flowers breaded in cornmeal, fried and served with tomato sauce), *pavo salvadoreño* (roast turkey with sauce, often eaten for Christmas), *ceviche de camarones* (lime-cooked shrimp), and *pescado empanizado* (breaded, fried fish fillets). Salvadorean chorizo is short, fresh (not dried) and tied into twin sausages.

## Types of tamales

El Salvador is known for different types of tamales, which are usually wrapped in plantain leaves. These tamales include:

* *Tamales de elote* (fresh corn cakes)
* *Tamales pisques* (tamales stuffed with black beans)
* *Tamales de pollo* (tamales stuffed with chicken and potatoes)
* *Ticucos* ("travelers' tamales")

## Soups

Soups are popular among Salvadorans of every social level.

*Sopa de pata* is a soup made from the tripe of a cow, plantain, corn, tomatoes, cabbage and spices, locally a delicacy.

*Sopa de res* is a soup made from beef shank, beef bone with meat, carrots, plantain, corn, potatoes, zucchini, and many other ingredients.

*Gallo en chicha* is a soup made with rooster, corn, *dulce de tapa*, and sometimes other things.

*Sopa de pescado* is a soup made out of fish or seafood with corn flour, tomatoes, green peppers, cumin, achiote and other ingredients, commonly eaten for the Christian holiday of Good Friday.

*Sopa de pollo* is a chicken stew with tomatoes, green peppers, guisquil, carrots, potatoes, *consommé*, and other ingredients.

*Sopa de gallina india* is a chicken broth with vegetables. Some people add lorocos and cream.

*Sopa de frijoles* (bean soup) is a red bean soup.

*Sopa de chipilin* (chipilin soup) is a chicken soup with chipilin leaves and vegetables.

## Salpicón de res

*Salpicón* or *picadillo* is a dish made with minced beef, mint and onions. Some people add rice.

## Panes rellenos

*Panes rellenos* (stuffed bread) are warm sandwiches, often made with chicken, carne asada, or turkey. The chicken or turkey is marinated and then roasted with Pipil spices and hand-pulled. This sandwich is traditionally served with tomatoes, cucumbers, lettuce, and watercress.

## Desserts

A variety of *pan dulces*, or pastries, are popular.

Salvadoran desserts include:

* *Semita de piña*, pineapple preserves sandwiched between layers of pastry (not to be confused with the Mexican *cemita*)
* *Quesadilla salvadoreña*, a pound cake made with rice flour and queso duro blando (a strong and salty cheese) and topped with sesame seeds (unrelated to the Mexican *quesadilla*);
* *Torta de yema*, a pound cake made with wheat flour and flavoured with cinnamon
* *Marquesote*, a sponge cake flavoured with cinnamon and sometimes anise, served in long rectangular slices
* *Salpores*, cookies made from rice flour and flavoured with cinnamon, with a short (rich and crumbly) texture
* *Poleada* or *manjar de leche*, a white pudding made from milk, cornstarch and sugar, flavoured with vanilla
* *Arroz con leche*, rice pudding flavoured with anise seed, star anise, or raisins
* *Empanadas de platano*, torpedo-shaped dumplings of dough made from very ripe plantains, filled with vanilla custard, fried, then rolled in sugar

The *dulce de leche* of El Salvador has a soft, crumbly texture, with an almost crystallized form.

Fruits are widely consumed, the most popular being mangoes, coconuts, papayas, and bananas. Sometimes fruit with ice cream and cinnamon sprinkled on top is served.

## Beverages

Teenagers usually drink *cocas* (soft drinks) like Coca-Cola, while young and old alike drink coffee, El Salvador's top export. *Viejitas*, "little old ladies", are biscuits dipped in morning coffee.

A popular soda that originated in El Salvador is *Kolashanpan*, which is a soda with sugar cane flavor. *Minutas*, shaved ice flavored with fruit-flavored syrup, and *horchata*, a beverage made from rice milk and a mix of spices such as cinnamon, peanut beverage, *ajonjolí* (sesame seeds) and morro, are popular throughout the country and enjoyed on a hot day.

*Licuados* are like *minutas* with added fresh fruit and (sometimes) milk. *Frescos* (short for *refrescos*) refer to lemonades or other sweetened fruit drinks. Other drinks include *arrayán*, *chuco* and *chilate*. Another popular beverage is *ensalada* ("salad"), made of pineapple juice with finely chopped fruits, usually apples, marañón, mamey, and watercress.

Tamarindo juice is consumed in all of El Salvador. Coconuts are sold at roadside estansas throughout the country. Typically, they are chopped with machetes and a straw is inserted so that the coconut water can be consumed. Adults drink coconut milk, mixed with vodka, as an aperitif. *Vinagre de piña* is a drink of trimmed pineapples mixed with panela and water and set aside to ferment for a few weeks or even months.

### Alcoholic beverages

The most common alcoholic beverage in El Salvador is beer (*cerveza*). Popular beers are made by Industrias La Constancia. Established in 2004, with their first bottling in 2015, Ron Cihuatán is El Salvador's only rum distiller.

The national liquor of El Salvador is Tic Tack, a sugar cane distillate. Tick Tack has similar flavors to cachaça.

## Seafood

Salvadorans eat a large variety of seafood. Salvadoran ceviches are made with clams, oysters, fish, shrimp, snails, octopus, squid, and a type of black clam called *conchas* by locals. Cocktails and ceviches are prepared with a type of tomato and chopped onion sauce or Worcestershire sauce, locally called "Salsa Inglesa" or *Salsa Perring* after the Lea & Perrins brand, and both are sprinkled with lemon juice.

Salvadorans also eat fried crabs and lobsters or fried fish with garlic and lemon. Shrimps are also eaten roasted, *al ajillo*, or in butter. There is also a type of seafood soup called *mariscada*, which contains fish, clams, octopus, squid, shrimp, and crab.


title: Marina Gavrilova

abstract: Marina Lvovna Gavrilova is a Russian-Canadian computer scientist whose research interests include machine learning, data fusion, and biometrics, including the use of behavioral characteristics to unmask anonymous social network contributors. She has also published well-cited research on the use of Voronoi diagrams in path planning. She is a professor of computer science at the University of Calgary in Canada, where she holds a UCalgary Research Excellence Chair. She is also the editor-in-chief of Transactions on Computational Sciences.

text:
# Marina Gavrilova

**Marina Lvovna Gavrilova** (born 1971) is a Russian-Canadian computer scientist whose research interests include machine learning, data fusion, and biometrics, including the use of behavioral characteristics to unmask anonymous social network contributors. She has also published well-cited research on the use of Voronoi diagrams in path planning. She is a professor of computer science at the University of Calgary in Canada, where she holds a UCalgary Research Excellence Chair. She is also the editor-in-chief of *Transactions on Computational Sciences*.

## Education and career

Gavrilova earned a master's degree in computer science in 1993 from Lomonosov State University in Moscow. She completed her Ph.D. at the University of Calgary in 1999. Her doctoral dissertation, *Proximity and Applications in General Metrics*, was supervised by Jon Rokne.

She is editor-in-chief of *Transactions on Computational Science*, an academic journal whose volumes are published as a series of edited volumes in the Lecture Notes in Computer Science book series.

## Recognition

In 2021 the University of Calgary named Gavrilova as a recipient of the Order of the University of Calgary. In 2022 the university named her as a Killam Annual Professor, and in 2023 she was one of 22 professors to be awarded an inaugural UCalgary Research Excellence Chair.


title: William Robinson (trainer)

abstract: William Robinson (1946-2020) was a Canadian harness racing trainer, who won multiple Trainer of the Year awards.

text:
# William Robinson (trainer)

**William Robinson** (1946-2020) was a Canadian harness racing trainer, who won multiple Trainer of the Year awards.

## Information

Robinson did not come from a horse racing background. He got involved with racing after a group of friends from a local factory pitched in to claim a $1,500 horse. He later quit working at the factory to pursue horse training full-time. He ranked as one of the top conditioners in the Ontario Jockey Club in the 1980s and his success continued into the 1990s.

He faced scrutiny in 1991 for not wanting to bring his horses to the track until race day, with some suggesting it was due to unethical practices. One of his horses was suspended before 1992 for a positive Robaxin test. Accusations and suspicions arose about his success in 1993 and 1994 after the top five money winners were horses he had trained. He was investigated in 1993 and his partnership with the banned Carl Conte further fueled the suspicions. In 1993, his stable was the first in history to earn over $10 million in a single season.

In 2002, he earned more than $11 million in earnings and in 2003, his stable earned over $10.8 million. He was banned in November 2003 after an unusual drug test result on his horse, Flight Plan. He returned in 2013 but returned in 2015 when he was caught for two positive drug tests. He claimed innocence in both situations.

Robinson died on December 11, 2020, at the age of 74.

## Legacy

As a trainer, he earned over $54.8 million. He won 2,738 races in 8,998 starts. He trained over 15 horses who had won over a million dollars each and trained three horses who had collected more than $2 million in a single year. He was also one of five trainers who earned more than $10 million at the Meadowlands Racetrack.

He trained multiple Hall of Fame horses including, Mach Three and Precious Bunny. He also trained O'Brien Award winners Riyadh, Presidential Ball, Art Major, Cams Card Shark, Dragon Again, and Nickie Bag. He later trained Western Dreamer, who was only one of ten triple crown winners.

Robinson was a four-time O'Brien Trainer of the Year Award winner in 1993, 1994, 2002, and 2003 and won the USHWA Trainer of the Year Award in 1993. Robinson's Precious Bunny and Cams Card Shark also won O'Brien Awards for Horse of the Year.

## Technique

Robinson trained horses at his farm in a more relaxed atmosphere. He gave them light exercise regimens' and focused on proper shoeing. He became known for turning failed horses into champions.


title: 1982 Arizona Wildcats baseball team

abstract: The 1982 Arizona Wildcats baseball team represented the University of Arizona during the 1982 NCAA Division I baseball season. The Wildcats played their home games at Wildcat Field. The team was coached by Jerry Kindall in his 10th season at Arizona. The Wildcats finished 32–21–1 overall and placed 3rd in the Pacific-10's Southern Division with an 15–13–1 record. Despite posting records above.500 both overall and in conference play the Wildcats missed the postseasons in 2 consecutive seasons for the 1st time since 1972–1973.

text:
# 1982 Arizona Wildcats baseball team

1982 Pacific-10 Conference baseball standings
|  | Conf | | | | | | |  |  | Overall | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Team | W |  | L |  | T |  | PCT |  |  | W |  | L |  | T |  | PCT |
| Northern | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Oregon State  x | 16 |  | 8 |  | 0 |  | .667 |  |  | 29 |  | 15 |  | 0 |  | .659 |
| Washington State | 16 |  | 8 |  | 0 |  | .667 |  |  | 34 |  | 16 |  | 0 |  | .680 |
| Eastern Washington | 15 |  | 9 |  | 0 |  | .625 |  |  | 24 |  | 28 |  | 0 |  | .462 |
| Portland State | 11 |  | 13 |  | 0 |  | .458 |  |  | 27 |  | 23 |  | 0 |  | .540 |
| Gonzaga | 10 |  | 14 |  | 0 |  | .417 |  |  | 30 |  | 28 |  | 0 |  | .517 |
| Washington | 10 |  | 14 |  | 0 |  | .417 |  |  | 22 |  | 24 |  | 0 |  | .478 |
| Portland | 6 |  | 18 |  | 0 |  | .250 |  |  | 19 |  | 24 |  | 1 |  | .443 |
| Southern | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| No. 3 Arizona State  xy | 23 |  | 5 |  | 0 |  | .821 |  |  | 58 |  | 15 |  | 0 |  | .795 |
| No. 6 Stanford  y | 20 |  | 10 |  | 0 |  | .667 |  |  | 49 |  | 18 |  | 1 |  | .728 |
| Arizona | 15 |  | 14 |  | 0 |  | .517 |  |  | 32 |  | 22 |  | 0 |  | .593 |
| UCLA | 11 |  | 19 |  | 0 |  | .367 |  |  | 38 |  | 27 |  | 0 |  | .585 |
| California | 9 |  | 18 |  | 0 |  | .333 |  |  | 29 |  | 32 |  | 0 |  | .475 |
| Southern California | 9 |  | 21 |  | 0 |  | .300 |  |  | 23 |  | 36 |  | .390 |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| x  Division champion
y  Invited to the NCAA tournament
As of June 30, 1982
Rankings from Collegiate Baseball | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

The **1982 Arizona Wildcats baseball team** represented the University of Arizona during the 1982 NCAA Division I baseball season. The Wildcats played their home games at Wildcat Field. The team was coached by Jerry Kindall in his 10th season at Arizona. The Wildcats finished 32–21–1 overall and placed 3rd in the Pacific-10's Southern Division with an 15–13–1 record. Despite posting records above .500 both overall and in conference play the Wildcats missed the postseasons in 2 consecutive seasons for the 1st time since 1972–1973.

## Previous season

The Wildcats finished the 1981 season with a record of 30–22 and 14–16 in conference play, finishing 4th in the "Six-Pac" (Pac-10 Southern). Arizona missed the postseason for the 1st time since 1977.

## Personnel

### Roster

| 1982 Arizona Wildcats baseball roster | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | • Marcel Bachelier • Jim Bagnall
Tommy Barrett
• John Beuerlein
• Kevin Blankenship
• Kerry Burns
Casey Candaele
• David Cooper | • Rocky Coyle • Jack Daugherty
• Dan Devers
• Robin Driezler
• Chuck Hovack
• Dave Landrith
• Tyler Lawton | • Rich Lucero • Dave Page
Pat Roessler
• David Rooker
• Doug Scherer
• Ron Sismondo
Ed Vosberg
Kevin Ward |  |  |

### Coaches

| 1982 Arizona Wildcats baseball coaching staff | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |

## 1982 Schedule and results

| 1982 Arizona Wildcats Baseball Game Log | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Regular Season | | | | | |
| Date | Opponent | Site/Stadium | Score | Overall Record | Pac-10 Record |
| Feb 5 | UC Santa Barbara | Wildcat FieldTucson, AZ | **W** 5–4 | 1–0–0 |  |
| Feb 6 | UC Santa Barbara | Wildcat Field • Tucson, AZ | **W** 13–12 | 2–0–0 |  |
| Feb 6 | UC Santa Barbara | Wildcat Field • Tucson, AZ | **W** 14–2 | 3–0–0 |  |
| Feb 9 | San Diego | Wildcat Field • Tucson, AZ | **W** 11–6 | 4–0–0 |  |
| Feb 9 | San Diego | Wildcat Field • Tucson, AZ | **W** 16–6 | 5–0–0 |  |
| Feb 12 | Cal State Fullerton | Wildcat Field • Tucson, AZ | **L** 4–12 | 5–1–0 |  |
| Feb 12 | Cal State Fullerton | Wildcat Field • Tucson, AZ | **L** 1–5 | 5–2–0 |  |
| Feb 13 | Cal State Fullerton | Wildcat Field • Tucson, AZ | **W** 7–2 | 6–2–0 |  |
| Feb 15 | UC Riverside | Wildcat Field • Tucson, AZ | **W** 10–8 | 7–2–0 |  |
| Feb 16 | UC Riverside | Wildcat Field • Tucson, AZ | **W** 7–4 | 8–2–0 |  |
| Feb 18 | at Cal State Fullerton | Titan FieldFullerton, CA | **L** 2–3 | 8–3–0 |  |
| Feb 19 | at Cal State Fullerton | Titan Field • Fullerton, CA | **W** 2–1 | 9–3–0 |  |
| Feb 20 | at Cal State Fullerton | Titan Field • Fullerton, CA | **L** 3–17 | 9–4–0 |  |
| Feb 22 | UTEP | Wildcat Field • Tucson, AZ | **W** 7–4 | 10–4–0 |  |
| Feb 23 | UTEP | Wildcat Field • Tucson, AZ | **W** 11–1 | 11–4–0 |  |
| Feb 26 | at Arizona State | Packard StadiumTempe, AZ | **W** 8–5 | 12–4–0 | 1–0–0 |
| Feb 27 | at Arizona State | Packard Stadium • Tempe, AZ | **T** 4–4 | 12–4–1 | 1–0–1 |
| Feb 28 | at Arizona State | Packard Stadium • Tempe, AZ | **L** 5–9 | 12–5–1 | 1–1–1 |
| Mar 1 | Azusa Pacific | Wildcat Field • Tucson, AZ | **W** 12–5 | 13–5–1 |  |
| Mar 2 | Azusa Pacific | Wildcat Field • Tucson, AZ | **W** 9–4 | 14–5–1 |  |
| Mar 4 | Long Beach State | Wildcat Field • Tucson, AZ | **L** 15–23 | 14–6–1 |  |
| Mar 5 | Long Beach State | Wildcat Field • Tucson, AZ | **W** 14–13 | 15–6–1 |  |
| Mar 6 | Long Beach State | Wildcat Field • Tucson, AZ | **W** 3–1 | 16–6–1 |  |
| Mar 12 | at Stanford | Sunken DiamondPalo Alto, CA | **L** 1–2 | 16–7–1 | 1–2–1 |
| Mar 13 | at Stanford | Sunken Diamond • Palo Alto, CA | **L** 7–10 | 16–8–1 | 1–3–1 |
| Mar 13 | at Stanford | Sunken Diamond • Palo Alto, CA | **L** 5–9 | 16–9–1 | 1–4–1 |
| Mar 19 | at UC Santa Barbara | Campus StadiumSanta Barbara, CA | **L** 4–5 | 16–10–1 |  |
| Mar 20 | at UC Santa Barbara | Campus Stadium • Santa Barbara, CA | **L** 6–8 | 16–11–1 |  |
| Mar 20 | at UC Santa Barbara | Campus Stadium • Santa Barbara, CA | **W** 9–2 | 17–11–1 |  |
| Mar 30 | at Grand Canyon | Brazell FieldPhoenix, AZ | **L** 2–9 | 17–12–1 |  |
| Apr 2 | USC | Wildcat Field • Tucson, AZ | **W** 8–6 | 18–12–1 | 2–4–1 |
| Apr 3 | USC | Wildcat Field • Tucson, AZ | **L** 3–12 | 18–13–1 | 2–5–1 |
| Apr 4 | USC | Wildcat Field • Tucson, AZ | **W** 11–7 | 19–13–1 | 3–5–1 |
| Apr 5 | Stanford | Wildcat Field • Tucson, AZ | **W** 7–4 | 20–13–1 | 4–5–1 |
| Apr 6 | Stanford | Wildcat Field • Tucson, AZ | **L** 7–19 | 20–14–1 | 4–6–1 |
| Apr 7 | Stanford | Wildcat Field • Tucson, AZ | **W** 4–2 | 21–14–1 | 5–6–1 |
| Apr 16 | at USC | Dedeaux FieldLos Angeles, CA | **W** 11–5 | 22–14–1 | 6–6–1 |
| Apr 17 | at USC | Dedeaux Field • Los Angeles, CA | **L** 1–2 | 22–15–1 | 6–7–1 |
| Apr 18 | at USC | Dedeaux Field • Los Angeles, CA | **W** 20–2 | 23–15–1 | 7–7–1 |
| Apr 20 | Grand Canyon | Wildcat Field • Tucson, AZ | **W** 11–1 | 24–15–1 |  |
| Apr 23 | at UCLA | Jackie Robinson Stadium • Los Angeles, CA | **W** 2–1 | 25–15–1 | 8–7–1 |
| Apr 24 | at UCLA | Jackie Robinson Stadium • Los Angeles, CA | **W** 6–2 | 26–15–1 | 9–7–1 |
| Apr 25 | at UCLA | Jackie Robinson Stadium • Los Angeles, CA | **L** 0–3 | 26–16–1 | 9–8–1 |
| Apr 29 | California | Wildcat Field • Tucson, AZ | **L** 2–3 | 26–17–1 | 9–9–1 |
| Apr 29 | California | Wildcat Field • Tucson, AZ | **W** 7–2 | 27–17–1 | 10–9–1 |
| Apr 30 | California | Wildcat Field • Tucson, AZ | **W** 5–4 | 28–17–1 | 11–9–1 |
| May 1 | California | Wildcat Field • Tucson, AZ | **W** 5–2 | 29–17–1 | 12–9–1 |
| May 2 | California | Wildcat Field • Tucson, AZ | **W** 10–6 | 30–17–1 | 13–9–1 |
| May 7 | UCLA | Wildcat Field • Tucson, AZ | **L** 7–10 | 30–18–1 | 13–10–1 |
| May 8 | UCLA | Wildcat Field • Tucson, AZ | **W** 7–5 | 31–18–1 | 14–10–1 |
| May 9 | UCLA | Wildcat Field • Tucson, AZ | **L** 6–12 | 31–19–1 | 14–11–1 |
| May 13 | Arizona State | Wildcat Field • Tucson, AZ | **L** 4–6 | 31–20–1 | 14–12–1 |
| May 14 | Arizona State | Wildcat Field • Tucson, AZ | **L** 4–7 | 31–21–1 | 14–13–1 |
| May 15 | Arizona State | Wildcat Field • Tucson, AZ | **W** 5–4 | 32–21–1 | 15–13–1 |

## 1982 MLB Draft

| Player | Position | Round | Overall | MLB Team |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Ed Vosberg | LHP | 11 | 264 | Toronto Blue Jays |
| Ron Sismondo | LHP | 13 | 320 | Seattle Mariners |
| Tommy Barrett | INF | 26 | 667 | New York Yankees |
| Kevin Ward | OF | 29 | 735 | St. Louis Cardinals |
| Dave Rooker | OF | 31 | 763 | Kansas City Royals |

## InfoBox

| 1982 Arizona Wildcats baseball | |
| --- | --- |
| Conference | Pacific-10 Conference |
| Record | 32–21–1 (15–13–1 Pac-10) |
| Head coach |  |
| Assistant coaches |  |
| Home stadium | Wildcat Field |
|


abstract: The men's 109 kilograms competition at the 2022 Asian Games took place on 5 and 6 October 2023 at the Xiaoshan Sports Center Gymnasium.

text:
# Weightlifting at the 2022 Asian Games – Men's 109 kg

The **men's 109 kilograms** competition at the 2022 Asian Games took place on 5 and 6 October 2023 at the Xiaoshan Sports Center Gymnasium.

## Schedule

All times are China Standard Time (UTC+08:00)

| Date | Time | Event |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Thursday, 5 October 2023 | 10:00 | Group B |
| Friday, 6 October 2023 | 15:00 | Group A |

## Records

Prior to this competition, the existing world, Asian and Games records were as follows.

| **World Record** | Snatch | Yang Zhe (CHN) | **200 kg** | Tashkent, Uzbekistan | 24 April 2021 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Clean & Jerk | Ruslan Nurudinov (UZB) | **241 kg** | Tashkent, Uzbekistan | 24 April 2021 |
| | Total | Simon Martirosyan (ARM) | **435 kg** | Ashgabat, Turkmenistan | 9 November 2018 |
|  | | | | | | |
| **Asian Record** | Snatch | Yang Zhe (CHN) | **200 kg** | Tashkent, Uzbekistan | 24 April 2021 |
| | Clean & Jerk | Ruslan Nurudinov (UZB) | **241 kg** | Tashkent, Uzbekistan | 24 April 2021 |
| | Total | Akbar Djuraev (UZB) | **430 kg** | Tokyo, Japan | 3 August 2021 |
|  | | | | | | |
| **Games Record** | Snatch | Not Established | **190 kg** |  |  |
| | Clean & Jerk | Not Established | **227 kg** |  |  |
| | Total | Not Established | **411 kg** |  |  |

## Results

| Rank | Athlete | Group | Snatch (kg) | | | Clean & Jerk (kg) | | | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | |
|  | Liu Huanhua (CHN) | A | ~~175~~ | 180 | **185** | 215 | 227 | **233 GR**\[a\] | **418 GR**\[a\] |
|  | Akbar Djuraev (UZB) | A | 180 | 184 | **189** | ~~220~~ | 222 | **228** | **417** |
|  | Ruslan Nurudinov (UZB) | A | ~~175~~ | **175** | ~~178~~ | **216** |  |  | **391** |
| 4 | Jang Yeon-hak (KOR) | A | ~~175~~ | 175 | **180** | ~~210~~ | **210** | ~~216~~ | **390** |
| 5 | Mahdi Karami (IRI) | A | **170** | ~~176~~ | ~~176~~ | ~~210~~ | **210** | ~~222~~ | **380** |
| 6 | Ali Al-Khazal (KSA) | B | 150 | **155** | ~~160~~ | **180** |  |  | **335** |
| 7 | Asem Al-Sallaj (JOR) | B | 135 | **140** | ~~147~~ | 180 | 185 | **188** | **328** |
| 8 | Usman Amjad Rathore (PAK) | B | ~~130~~ | **130** | ~~135~~ | 160 | 172 | **176** | **306** |
|  | Salwan Al-Aifuri (IRQ) | A | ~~175~~ | ~~175~~ | **175** | ~~211~~ | ~~211~~ | ~~217~~ |  |
|  | Reza Dehdar (IRI) | A | ~~169~~ | ~~170~~ | ~~175~~ |  |  |  |  |
|  | Jin Yun-seong (KOR) | A | ~~170~~ | ~~170~~ | ~~170~~ |  |  |  |  |
|  | Döwranbek Hasanbaýew (TKM) | A | ~~175~~ | ~~178~~ | ~~178~~ |  |  |  |  |
|  | Fares El-Bakh (QAT) | A | Did not start | | | | | | |

## New records

| Clean & Jerk | 228 kg | Akbar Djuraev (UZB) | **GR** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | 233 kg | Liu Huanhua (CHN) | **GR**\[a\] |
| Total | | 412 kg | **GR** |
| | 417 kg | Akbar Djuraev (UZB) | **GR** |
| | 418 kg | Liu Huanhua (CHN) | **GR**\[a\] |

**a**  Liu weighed in at 100.8 kg making him eligible to compete in the 102 kg class but as the Asian Games used the former Summer Olympic categories, he was forced to move up to a class in the 109's. His lifts of 233 kg in the clean & jerk and 418 kg in the total would break the world standards and set new world records but since he competed in the 109's his records would not be recorded in the 102's.

## InfoBox

| Men's 109 kg
at the 2022 Asian Games | |
| --- | --- |
| Venue | Xiaoshan Sports Center Gymnasium |
| Date | 5–6 October |
| Competitors | 12 from 9 nations |
| Winning total | 418 kg **GR** |
| Medalists | |
| China  Uzbekistan  Uzbekistan | |
|


title: Weitbruch

abstract: Weitbruch is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department and Grand Est region of north-eastern France.

text:
# Weitbruch

**Weitbruch** is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department and Grand Est region of north-eastern France.

## Population

Historical population
| Year Pop. ±% p.a.  1793  815       1821  1,113 +1.12%  1846  1,557 +1.35%  1871  1,744 +0.45%  1900  1,778 +0.07%  1926  1,704 −0.16%  1946  1,730 +0.08%  1962  1,725 −0.02% | Year Pop. ±% p.a.  1968  1,909 +1.70%  1975  2,083 +1.25%  1982  2,264 +1.20%  1990  2,323 +0.32%  1999  2,473 +0.70%  2007  2,661 +0.92%  2012  2,730 +0.51%  2017  2,832 +0.74% |
| --- | --- |
| Source: EHESS and INSEE (1968-2017) | |

## InfoBox

| Weitbruch | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| The town hall in Weitbruch | |
|  | |
| Location of Weitbruch | |
| WeitbruchWeitbruch | |
| Coordinates: 48°45′25″N 7°46′43″E / 48.7569°N 7.7786°E / 48.7569; 7.7786 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Grand Est |
| Department | Bas-Rhin |
| Arrondissement | Haguenau-Wissembourg |
| Canton | Brumath |
| Intercommunality | CC Basse-Zorn |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Damien Henrion |
| Area**1** | 15.11 km2 (5.83 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 2,719 |
| Density | 180/km2 (470/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 67523 /67500 |
| Elevation | 143–187 m (469–614 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Welsby, Queensland

abstract: Welsby is a coastal locality on Bribie Island in the City of Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, Welsby had "no people or a very low population".

text:
# Welsby, Queensland

**Welsby** is a coastal locality on Bribie Island in the City of Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, Welsby had "no people or a very low population".

## Geography

Welsby is the central part of Bribie Island. The Pumicestone Channel (also known as Pumicestone Passage) is its western coastal border and the Coral Sea is its eastern coastal border. Almost all of Welsby is within the Bribie Island National Park or the Bribie Island State Forest. Apart from these protected areas, the remaining land is a very narrow strip along the west coast beside the Pumicestone Channel.

Welsby has the following points:

Welsby has the following passages:

Poverty Creek flows into the Pumicestone Channel (26°59′27″S 153°05′35″E / 26.9908°S 153.0931°E / -26.9908; 153.0931 (Poverty Creek)).

There are two lagoons on the eastern shore of the locality:

## History

The locality is named for Thomas Welsby, a Queensland politician who enjoyed yachting and fishing in Moreton Bay.

## Demographics

At the 2011 census, Welsby had a population of 4 people.

In the 2016 census Welsby had a population of 5 people.

In the 2021 census, Welsby had "no people or a very low population".

## Education

There are no schools in Welsby. The nearest government primary school is Banksia Beach State School in neighbouring Banksia Beach to the south. The nearest government secondary school is Bribie Island State High School in Bongaree to the south.

## Attractions

Wild Banks is a 176.213-hectare (435.43-acre) artificial reef in the Moreton Bay Marine Park (26°54′31″S 153°17′34″E / 26.9086°S 153.2927°E / -26.9086; 153.2927 (Wild Banks)) offshore on the western (ocean) side of Welsby. This reef has a number of "fish cages" which are designed to attract pelargic fish species such as mackerel, dolphin fish and wahoo.

## InfoBox

| Welsby
Bribie Island, Queensland | |
| --- | --- |
| Off roading on eastern side of Welsby with Moreton Island on the horizon | |
| Welsby | |
|  | |
| Coordinates | 26°59′12″S 153°07′25″E / 26.9866°S 153.1236°E / -26.9866; 153.1236 (Welsby (centre of locality)) |
| Population | 0 (2021 census) |
| • Density | 0.000/km2 (0.000/sq mi) |
| Postcode(s) | 4507 |
| Area | 68.0 km2 (26.3 sq mi) |
| Time zone | AEST (UTC+10:00) |
| Location |  |
| LGA(s) | City of Moreton Bay |
| State electorate(s) | Glass House |
| Federal division(s) | Longman |
| **Suburbs around Welsby:**  Beerburrum Bribie Island North *Coral Sea*  Donnybrook
Meldale Welsby *Coral Sea*  Toorbul White Patch
Banksia Beach Woorim | |