title: Mi'kmaq Nation

abstract: The Mi'kmaq Nation is a US federally recognized tribe of Mi'kmaq people, based in Aroostook County, Maine. Their autonym is Ulustuk. Of the 28 bands of Mi'kmaq people, the Mi'kmaq Nation is the only one in the United States. The Mi'kmaq Nation were the first non-US power to sign a treaty with the United States, the Treaty of Watertown, on 6 July 1776. The tribe has no reservation but owns 1,350 acres (5.5 km⁲) of land. The United States Census Bureau listed 1,047 acres (4.236 km⁲) of trust land in the 2010 United States Census, located at 46°55′13″N 67°53′15″W in the Town of Limestone. An official population of 197 inhabitants was counted on the trust lands. The band is headquartered in Presque Isle. The governing council consists of nine members that serve four-year terms with the tribal chief and vice chief, along with three tribal council seats elected together and four other tribal council seats elected two years later. They form part of a large Algonquian-speaking nation known as the Mi'kmaq. Their ancestral homeland reaches as far northeast as Newfoundland and historically includes Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, a large part of New Brunswick, and a small part of Quebec in the Chaleurs Bay area. The band was federally recognized on November 26, 1991, after a long campaign. At the time of federal recognition, the tribe was known as the Aroostook Band of Micmacs. In January 2022, the tribe officially adopted the name Mi'kmaq Nation.

text:
# Mi'kmaq Nation

The **Mi'kmaq Nation** (formerly the **Aroostook Band of Micmacs**) is a US federally recognized tribe of Mi'kmaq people, based in Aroostook County, Maine. Their autonym is **Ulustuk**. Of the 28 bands of Mi'kmaq people, the Mi'kmaq Nation is the only one in the United States. The Mi'kmaq Nation were the first non-US power to sign a treaty with the United States, the Treaty of Watertown, on 6 July 1776.

The tribe has no reservation but owns 1,350 acres (5.5 km2) of land. The United States Census Bureau listed 1,047 acres (4.236 km2) of trust land in the 2010 United States Census, located at 46°55′13″N 67°53′15″W / 46.92028°N 67.88750°W / 46.92028; -67.88750 in the Town of Limestone. An official population of 197 inhabitants was counted on the trust lands. The band is headquartered in Presque Isle. The governing council consists of nine members that serve four-year terms with the tribal chief and vice chief, along with three tribal council seats elected together and four other tribal council seats elected two years later.

They form part of a large Algonquian-speaking nation known as the Mi'kmaq. Their ancestral homeland reaches as far northeast as Newfoundland and historically includes Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, a large part of New Brunswick, and a small part of Quebec in the Chaleurs Bay area.

The band was federally recognized on November 26, 1991, after a long campaign. At the time of federal recognition, the tribe was known as the Aroostook Band of Micmacs. In January 2022, the tribe officially adopted the name Mi'kmaq Nation.

## InfoBox

Mi'kmaq Nation
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Location of the Mi'kmaq Nation Trust Land | |
| Total population | |
| 1,110+ | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| United States ( Maine) | |
| Languages | |
| English, Mi'kmaq | |
| Religion | |
| Roman Catholicism,
traditional tribal religion | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Other Mi'kmaq people | |


title: Mezcal worm

abstract: A mezcal worm is an insect larva found in some types of mezcal produced in Oaxaca, Mexico. The larva is a red maguey worm, the caterpillar of the Comadia redtenbacheri moth, usually called chinicuil or gusano rojo. The red worm is typically considered tastier than a white maguey worm.

text:
# Mezcal worm

A **mezcal worm** is an insect larva found in some types of mezcal produced in Oaxaca, Mexico. The larva is a red maguey worm, the caterpillar of the *Comadia redtenbacheri* moth, usually called *chinicuil* or *gusano rojo* ("red worm"). The red worm is typically considered tastier than a white maguey worm.

## History

Although the custom is relatively recent, larvae are used by several brands of mezcal to give flavor to the drink. In 1950 Jacobo Lozano Paez first introduced the practice of adding larvae to mezcal.

## Other kinds of worms

The other variety of "worm" in mezcal is the larva of a weevil known as *picudo del agave*, *Scyphophorus acupunctatus*, the agave snout weevil, that infests certain species of yucca and maguey. They are not related to edible maguey worms.

The weevil is a pest that can severely damage agave plants by eating the plant to death from the inside. If only a few infest the plant, they can still carry and infect the plant with harmful bacteria leading to plant death. In some cases, up to 40% of a maguey harvest has been lost to weevil infestations. Infection-resistant varieties of the plant are being developed.

*Picudo* larvae may be roasted and eaten; they are a seasonal specialty of markets in southeastern Mexico.


title: Mezcala balsensis

abstract: Mezcala balsensis is a species of flowering plant in the legume family, Fabaceae. It is the sole species in genus Mezcala. It is a shrub or tree endemic to Guerrero state in southwestern Mexico.

text:
# Mezcala balsensis

***Mezcala balsensis*** is a species of flowering plant in the legume family, Fabaceae. It is the sole species in genus ***Mezcala***. It is a shrub or tree endemic to Guerrero state in southwestern Mexico.

## InfoBox

| *Mezcala balsensis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Fabales |
| Family: | Fabaceae |
| Genus: | *Mezcala*
C.E.Hughes & J.L.Contr. (2022) |
| Species: | ***M. balsensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mezcala balsensis***
(J.L.Contr.) C.E.Hughes & J.L.Contr. (2022) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Desmanthus balsensis* J.L.Contr. (1986) | |


title: Mi Reflejo

abstract: Mi Reflejo is the second studio album and first Spanish-language album by American singer Christina Aguilera. It was released on September 12, 2000, as a joint effort between RCA Records and BMG U.S. Latin. After the commercial success of her first album, Christina Aguilera (1999), Aguilera recorded her follow-up project during 2000. It includes five Spanish-language versions of tracks from her previous album, in addition to four original compositions and two cover songs. The tracks were adapted and composed by Rudy Pérez who also produced the album. In the United States, Mi Reflejo peaked at number-one on the Billboard Top Latin Albums and Latin Pop Albums charts where it spent 19 weeks at the top of both charts, becoming one of the longest albums to chart at number one. The album was the best-selling Latin pop album of 2000 and was certified 6× Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). It reached number two in Argentina and Uruguay, as well as number five in Mexico, and has sold 2.2 million copies worldwide. Upon its release, Mi Reflejo received generally mixed reviews from music critics, who noted musical similarities to her debut. Despite this, the album achieved success, with Aguilera receiving the Latin Grammy Award for Best Female Pop Vocal Album and two Billboard Latin Music Awards. Three singles were released from the album: "Ven Conmigo", "Pero Me Acuerdo de Ti" and "Falsas Esperanzas". To promote the album, Aguilera extended her tour, Christina Aguilera in Concert, into 2001 for eight more dates and performed at the 43rd Annual Grammy Awards.

text:
# Mi Reflejo

***Mi Reflejo*** (English: *My Reflection*) is the second studio album and first Spanish-language album by American singer Christina Aguilera. It was released on September 12, 2000, as a joint effort between RCA Records and BMG U.S. Latin. After the commercial success of her first album, *Christina Aguilera* (1999), Aguilera recorded her follow-up project during 2000. It includes five Spanish-language versions of tracks from her previous album, in addition to four original compositions and two cover songs. The tracks were adapted and composed by Rudy Pérez who also produced the album.

In the United States, *Mi Reflejo* peaked at number-one on the *Billboard* Top Latin Albums and Latin Pop Albums charts where it spent 19 weeks at the top of both charts, becoming one of the longest albums to chart at number one. The album was the best-selling Latin pop album of 2000 and was certified 6× Platinum (Latin field) by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). It reached number two in Argentina and Uruguay, as well as number five in Mexico, and has sold 2.2 million copies worldwide.

Upon its release, *Mi Reflejo* received generally mixed reviews from music critics, who noted musical similarities to her debut. Despite this, the album achieved success, with Aguilera receiving the Latin Grammy Award for Best Female Pop Vocal Album and two *Billboard* Latin Music Awards. Three singles were released from the album: "Ven Conmigo (Solamente Tú)", "Pero Me Acuerdo de Ti" and "Falsas Esperanzas". To promote the album, Aguilera extended her tour, Christina Aguilera in Concert, into 2001 for eight more dates and performed at the 43rd Annual Grammy Awards.

## Background and composition

> "My message, as in all my music, stands for being fearless to explore who you are. It's never too late to open a new door. Although it's scary to dive into territory that isn't your first language, it still doesn't erase who I am and how I want to express myself in all aspects of what intrigues and inspires me."

— Aguilera about embracing her Ecuadorian roots with *Mi Reflejo*

According to her manager Steve Kurtz, Aguilera expressed interest in recording a Spanish-language album before she recorded her first album *Christina Aguilera*. At the time, Aguilera was simultaneously touring to promote her album and recording a Christmas album *My Kind of Christmas*, released later in 2000. *Mi Reflejo* was intended to be titled *Latin Lover Girl*; the title's origin came from the Spanish version of the song "Reflection", which Aguilera recorded for the soundtrack to *Mulan*.

In 1999, she began recording in Miami with Cuban-American producer Rudy Pérez. He co-wrote the songs "Si No Te Hubiera Conocido", "Cuando No es Contigo", and "El Beso Del Final". He also composed the Spanish versions of "Come On Over Baby (All I Want Is You)" ("Ven Conmigo (Solamente Tú)"), "Genie in a Bottle" ("Genio Atrapado"), "I Turn to You" ("Por Siempre Tú"), "What a Girl Wants" ("Una Mujer"), and "Reflection" ("Mi Reflejo"). Aguilera covers Perez's song "Pero Me Acuerdo de Ti", which was originally performed by Puerto Rican singer Lourdes Robles on her album *Definitivamente* (1991). Pérez stated that Aguilera did not know any Spanish while recording; he remedied the problem by phonetically writing out lyrics and included a system that allowed Aguilera to pronounce the "r's" in the songs. *Mi Reflejo* features a cover of César Portillo de la Luz's bolero "Contigo En La Distancia". Additionally, Aguilera made a duet with Puerto Rican singer Luis Fonsi on the ballad "Si No Te Hubiera Conocido". Aguilera wanted Fonsi to perform a duet with her because she felt that she could relate to him as they "grew up listening to the same things". "Cuando No es Contigo" is an uptempo salsa song which was arranged by Sergio George. "Falsas Esperanzas" is another uptempo song in the album which features Cuban musician Paquito Hechevarria performing the piano.

## Reception

### Critical reception

Professional ratings
| Aggregate scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | (56/100) |
| Review scores | |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *Entertainment Weekly* | C |
| *Los Angeles Times* |  |
| *Orlando Sentinel* |  |
| Sonicnet |  |
| *Sun-Sentinel* | (mixed) |
| Wall of Sound | 72/100 |

At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, *Mi Reflejo* received an average score of 56, based on seven reviews, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Stephen Erlewine of AllMusic described the album as a mirror image of her debut album *Christina Aguilera*. He felt that it was a "little too familiar" although he praised recordings as "well-produced"; however, he concluded that the album "doesn't add anything new to her music, since it's just the old music in new clothing." An editor for *Billboard* wrote that Aguilera has yielded a mostly mainstream pop album with Latin inflections. Eliseo Cardona of CDNow gave the album a mixed review. While he enjoyed Aguilera's vocal performance, which he described as " precisely, gracefully, forcefully ", he criticized the literal Spanish translation of the lyrics from English, which he said made a "good laugh and a better yawn". He commended "Cuando No es Contigo" as making Aguilera a "credible, expressive salsera" and her cover of "Contigo en la Distancia" as the album's finest moment.

David Browne of *Entertainment Weekly*, who gave the album a C rating, wrote the review in a parody memo from Aguilera's point of view. He mocked at Aguilera's attempt at making a Spanish-language album simply because of her Ecuadorian heritage, criticized her "unnecessary" high note", ballads that "old Latin ladies'll like", and the photos used in the album's booklet. Mike Magnuson of HOB.com wrote a critical review of the album admonishing the photos in the record for attempting to make Aguilera look Latino which he insisted was a bad influence for the younger audience. Though he mentions that "you can count on her agreeable voice" and lauded the use of Latin percussion and horns, he asserted that the record was "purely a marketing scam gone too far." Parry Gettelman from *Orlando Sentinel* stated that "Mi Reflejo lacks emotional depth, and her decision to record in Spanish seems more a bid to conquer new chart territory than anything else".

Sonicnet called its production "superslick" and compared Aguilera's vocals to that of Mariah Carey, completing that the album "almost guarantees that the diminutive diva will expand her colonial powers south of the border. In other words, she's planning to do a reverse Ricky Martin on us". Ernesto Lechner of the *Los Angeles Times* rated the album two out of four stars comparing her vocals in her debut album and in *Mi Reflejo*, describing her performance in the latter as "ridiculous". He complained about Aguilera's cover of "Contigo en la Distancia" which he described as a "bloated confection". Kurt B. Reighley from Wall of Sound wrote that the album is "an impressive addition to young Christina's limited canon".

### Accolades

| Year | Ceremony | Category | Recipient | Result | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2001 | Billboard Latin Music Awards | Pop Album of the Year by a Female Artist | *Mi Reflejo* | Won |  |
| | Pop Album of the Year by a New Artist | | Won | |
| | Blockbuster Entertainment Awards | Favorite Artist | Herself | Won |  |
| | Grammy Awards | Best Latin Pop Album | *Mi Reflejo* | Nominated |  |
| | Latin Grammy Awards | | Best Female Pop Vocal Album | Won |  |
| | Lo Nuestro Awards | | Pop Album of the Year | Nominated |  |
| | Pop Female Artist of the Year | Herself | Won |  |
| | | Pop New Artist of the Year | | Won |

## Promotion

To promote *Mi Reflejo*, Aguilera extended her tour, Christina Aguilera in Concert, into 2001 for eight more dates, visiting Mexico, Puerto Rico, Venezuela, Panama and Japan. Aguilera also gave a performance at the 2001 Grammy Awards, performing "Pero Me Acuerdo de Ti" and "Falsas Esperanzas".

### Singles

The lead single of album was "Ven Conmigo (Solamente Tú)", the Spanish version of "Come On Over Baby (All I Want Is You)", which was released on August 8, 2000, to Latin radio stations. The song reached number-one on the *Billboard* Hot Latin Songs and number two on the *Billboard* Latin Pop Songs charts. It also peaked at number eight in Spain. The second single, "Pero Me Acuerdo de Ti" was released in December 2000. The song reached number eight on the Hot Latin Songs and number five on Latin Pop Songs charts. In Spain, it reached number three on the chart. Its music video was directed by Kevin G. Bray. The third single "Falsas Esperanzas" was released on July 3, 2001. The song reached number fifteen in Spain. Its music video, taken from her DVD *My Reflection*, was directed by Lawrence Jordan. "Genio Atrapado" and "Por Siempre Tú" were previously released as singles along with their original versions. The former single peaked at number thirteen on the *Billboard* Hot Latin Songs chart while the latter single peaked at number six on the Hot Latin Songs and number two on the *Billboard* Latin Pop Songs chart.

## Legacy and achievements

In September 2018, *Mi Reflejo* was ranked number ten on the *Billboard'*s Top 20 Latin Albums of All Time, and in 2020 the same media brand included it on its list of the longest-leading albums of all time on the Top Latin Albums chart (at number twelve). The album spent 19 weeks at number one on *Billboard'*s Top Latin Albums ranking at number 13 with the most weeks at number one. *Mi Reflejo* was best fifth best-selling Latin album of 2000 and became the second best-selling Latin album of the year later after *Paulina* by Paulina Rubio. The album was also the best-selling Latin pop album of 2000.

In a 2020 statement for *Billboard*, Aguilera noted that she "was excited to bring a new life to \[the\] songs and reinvent \[them\]". She added that she "was allowed to create and express new ad libs and vocal runs that \[she\] wasn't given the freedom to do on her original record". *New York Daily News* writer Muri Assuncão noted that after the release of the album, Aguilera went on to use "her Latin charm and sultry persona — not to mention her jaw-dropping four-octave vocal range — to become one of pop music's most beloved icons". In the 2021 article for *POPline*, it was noted that *Mi Reflejo* introduced Aguilera to the general public as a "fearless" and "versatile" artist, and also "played a pivotal role in the expansion of Spanish-language music within today's American pop scene."

## Commercial performance

> "I think the mainstream market only knows about us when there's a major success like that. But we just did the same thing we always do".

— Perez in reference to *Mi Reflejo*.

*Mi Reflejo* debuted at number 27 on the US *Billboard* 200 selling nearly 43,000 copies in its first week. On the same week, the album debuted at number-one on the *Billboard* Top Latin Albums chart and replaced Son by Four's eponymous album. It spent nineteen weeks on top of the chart until was it replaced by Vicente Fernández for his greatest hits album *Historia de un Idolo, Vol. 1*. The album debuted at number one on the *Billboard* Latin Pop Albums chart where it succeeded *Galería Caribe* by Ricardo Arjona. It also spent nineteen weeks on top of this chart until it was replaced by *Abrázame Muy Fuerte* by Juan Gabriel. According to Nielsen SoundScan, it has sold 487,000 copies in the United States as of 2014. On September 10, 2001, the album was certified 6× Platinum in the Latin field for shipping 600,000 copies by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).

Internationally, the album peaked at number two on the Argentine albums chart and was certified platinum by the Cámara Argentina de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas (CAPIF). *Mi Reflejo* also reached number two in Uruguay, as reported by Cámara Uruguaya del Disco (CUD) in late 2000. It peaked at number fifty-four in Switzerland and certified platinum in Mexico by the Asociación Mexicana de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas (AMPROFON). It reached number five on the official Mexican Albums Chart. In Spain, the album peaked at number twelve on the Spanish Albums Chart and was certified Platinum in the country for shipping 100,000 copies. It sold three hundred thousand copies in Costa Rica as of 2004, and it was a commercial success in Colombia, Peru and Venezuela as well. The album has sold 2.2 million copies worldwide as of 2006.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Lyrics | Music | Production | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Genio Atrapado" |  | * Frank * Kipner * Sheyne | * Pérez * Frank * Kipner | 3:37 |
| 2. | "Falsas Esperanzas" | Jorge Luis Piloto | Piloto | Pérez | 2:57 |
| 3. | "El Beso del Final" |  | * Golde * Snow | Pérez | 4:41 |
| 4. | "Pero Me Acuerdo de Ti" | Pérez | Pérez | Pérez | 4:26 |
| 5. | "Ven Conmigo (Solamente Tú)" | * Pérez * Johan Aberg * Paul Rein | * Aberg * Rein | * Pérez * Aberg * Rein | 3:11 |
| 6. | "Si No Te Hubiera Conocido" (duet with Luis Fonsi) | Pérez | Pérez | Pérez | 4:50 |
| 7. | "Contigo en la Distancia" | César Portillo de la Luz | Luz | Pérez | 3:44 |
| 8. | "Cuando No es Contigo" | * Pérez * Manuel Lopez | * Pérez * Lopez |  | 4:10 |
| 9. | "Por Siempre Tú" |  | Warren | * Pérez * Guy Roche | 4:05 |
| 10. | "Una Mujer" |  | * Roche * Peiken | * Pérez * Roche | 3:14 |
| 11. | "Mi Reflejo" |  | * Wilder * Zippel | * Pérez * Wilder | 3:33 |
| Total length: | | | | | 42:35 |

Special edition bonus tracks
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 12. | "Falsas Esperanzas" (Dance Radio Mix) | 3:27 |
| 13. | "Falsas Esperanzas" (Tropical Mix) | 3:10 |
| 14. | "Pero Me Acuerdo de Ti" (Remix) | 3:41 |
| 15. | "Ven Conmigo (Solamente Tú)" (Karaoke Version) | 3:12 |
| Total length: | | 56:10 |

## Personnel

Adapted from the liner notes of *Mi Reflejo*.

Musicians   Production  * Producer: Rudy Pérez
* Executive producers: Ron Fair, Diane Warren
* Engineers: Paul Arnold, Bob Brockman, Mario DeJesús, Mike Greene, Mario Lucy, Joel Numa, Paul Rein, Michael C. Ross, Bruce Weeden
* Assistant engineers: Tom Bender, Michael Huff
* Mixing: Mike Couzzi, Mick Guzauski, Peter Mokran, Dave Way, Bruce Weeden
* Programming: Rudy Perez, Guy Roche, Michael C. Ross
* Drum programming: Rudy Perez
* Percussion programming: Rudy Pérez
* Arrangers: Rudy Perez, Ed Calle, David Frank, Sergio George, Ron Harris
* vocal arrangement: Ron Fair
* String arrangements: Gary Lindsay, Rudy Pérez
* Vocal arrangement: Rudy Pérez
* Orchestration: Matthew Wilder, Aaron Zigman

## Charts

## Certifications and sales

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Argentina (CAPIF) | Platinum | 114,000 |
| Chile (IFPI Chile) | Gold | 15,000 |
| Mexico (AMPROFON) | Platinum | 300,000 |
| Spain (PROMUSICAE) | Platinum | 100,000^ |
| United States (RIAA) | 6× Platinum (Latin) | 489,000 |
| Summaries | | |
| Worldwide |  | 2,200,000 |
| ^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## InfoBox

| Mi Reflejo | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Christina Aguilera | |
| Released | September 12, 2000 (2000-09-12) |
| Recorded | 1999–2000 |
| Genre | Latin pop |
| Length | 42:35 |
| Language | Spanish |
| Label |  |
| Producer |  |
| Christina Aguilera chronology | |
| *Christina Aguilera*
(1999) ***Mi Reflejo***
(2000) *My Kind of Christmas*
(2000) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Mi Reflejo* | |
| 1. "Ven Conmigo (Solamente Tú)"
Released: August 8, 2000 2. "Pero Me Acuerdo de Ti"
Released: December 12, 2000 3. "Falsas Esperanzas"
Released: April 9, 2001 | |
|  | |


title: Mi Santa

abstract: "Mi Santa" is a bachata song by American singer Romeo Santos from his debut studio album Fórmula, Vol. 1 (2011). Produced by Santos, the track was released as the album's third single in Latin America and the United States. It features Spanish guitarist Tomatito. The track was nominated for Collaboration and Tropical Song of the Year at the Premio Lo Nuestro 2013.

text:
# Mi Santa

"**Mi Santa**" ("My Saint") is a bachata song by American singer Romeo Santos from his debut studio album *Fórmula, Vol. 1* (2011). Produced by Santos, the track was released as the album's third single in Latin America and the United States. It features Spanish guitarist Tomatito. The track was nominated for Collaboration and Tropical Song of the Year at the Premio Lo Nuestro 2013.

## Background

Romeo Santos was the lead member of Aventura, an urban and bachata infused band, which sold 1.7 million albums in the United States and had the best-selling Latin album of 2009 *The Last*. After the band's temporary separation, Santos was announced as the star of an upcoming comedy series to be premiered on ABC. The series will deal with the struggle of a Dominican American fighting his beliefs to success in the United States and will be Santos' debut acting job. Following the announcement, Santos signed a record deal with Sony Music Entertainment and recorded his debut studio album, *Formula, Vol. 1*, which includes most of the tracks in bachata rhythm and bilingual songs such as the lead single "You" and "Promise", featuring Usher.

## Charts and certifications

### Weekly charts

| Chart (2012) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| US Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles (*Billboard*) | 24 |
| US Hot Latin Songs (*Billboard*) | 1 |
| US Latin Pop Airplay (*Billboard*) | 1 |
| US Tropical Airplay (*Billboard*) | 1 |
|

### Year-end charts

| Chart (2012) | Position |
| --- | --- |
| US Hot Latin Songs (*Billboard*) | 20 |

### Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Mexico (AMPROFON) | 3× Platinum | 180,000 |
| United States (RIAA) | 4× Platinum (Latin) | 240,000 |
| Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## InfoBox

| "Mi Santa" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Romeo Santos featuring Tomatito | |
| from the album  *Fórmula, Vol. 1* | |
| Released | January 24, 2012 |
| Genre | Bachata |
| Length | 3:51 |
| Label | Sony Latin |
| Songwriter(s) | Romeo Santos |
| Romeo Santos singles chronology | |
| "Promise"
(2011) "**Mi Santa**"
(2012) "All Aboard"
(2012) | |
|  | |
| Music video | |
| "La Diabla / Mi Santa" on YouTube | |
|  | |


title: Michael Dine

abstract: Michael Dine is an American theoretical physicist, specializing in elementary particle physics, supersymmetry, string theory, and physics beyond the Standard Model.

text:
# Michael Dine

**Michael Dine** (born 12 August 1953) is an American theoretical physicist, specializing in elementary particle physics, supersymmetry, string theory, and physics beyond the Standard Model.

## Education and career

Dine received in 1974 a bachelor's degree from Johns Hopkins University and in 1978 a Ph.D. under Thomas Appelquist from Yale University with thesis *Interactions of Heavy Quarks in Quantum Chromodynamics*. He did research at SLAC and was for a number of years at the Institute for Advanced Study and the *Henry Semat* Professor at City College of New York. He is currently a professor at Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics (SCIPP) of the University of California, Santa Cruz.

Dine was a Guggenheim Fellow for the academic year 2006–2007 and Sloan Fellow in 1986. He is a fellow of American Physical Society and in 2010 he was elected a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He is a recipient of the 2018 Sakurai Prize. He was elected a member of the National Academy of Sciences in April 2019.

## Research

Dine works on the "phenomenology" (*i.e.* experimentally testable models for low energy) of supersymmetric extensions of the Standard Model and of superstring theory. In particular, he does research on supersymmetry breaking. Dine investigated in the 1980s modifications of quantum chromodynamics with dynamical supersymmetry breaking (DSB), partly with Ian Affleck and Nathan Seiberg. With Willy Fischler and Mark Srednicki, Dine published in 1981 a theory of supersymmetric technicolor, using gauge bosons and their superpartners, that provided a model of gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking. Dine with Affleck and Seiberg developed a general theory of dynamical supersymmetry breaking in four-dimensional spacetime and with Ann Nelson, Yuri Shirman, and Yosef Nir developed new models of gauge-mediated dynamical supersymmetry breaking.

With Fischler and Srednicki he developed an "Invisible Axion" model known as the DFSZ (Dine–Fischler–Srednicki–Zhitnisky) model. Later Dine with Fischler also elaborated this theory and its cosmological implications (the axion is a candidate for a dark matter particle). To explain the matter/antimatter imbalance in the universe, Dine and Ian Affeck proposed the Affleck–Dine mechanism. The Affleck–Dine mechanism might provide a candidate for a dark matter particle, namely a particular type of Q-ball.

Dine investigated with Ryan Rohm, Nathan Seiberg and Edward Witten gluino condensation in string theory, with Witten and Seiberg the implications of Fayet–Iliopoulos D-terms for vacuum destabilization, and with X. G. Wen, Seiberg and Witten the non-perturbative effects (instantons) on the worldsheet of strings.

He has done extensive research on applications of superstring theory to cosmology.

## Selected publications

as author:

* *Supersymmetry and string theory: beyond the standard model*. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 2007. ISBN 9781139462440. Dine, Michael (2015). *2nd edition*. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781107048386.

as editor:

* *String theory in four dimensions*. Amsterdam: North Holland. 1988.
* with Thomas Banks & Subir Sachdev: *String theory and its applications: TASI 2010, from meV to the Planck scale: Proceedings of the 2010 Theoretical Advanced Study Institute in Elementary Particle Physics (Boulder, Colorado)*. Singapore: World Scientific. 2011.

## InfoBox

| Michael Dine | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1953-08-12) 12 August 1953
Cincinnati, Ohio |
| Alma mater | Johns Hopkins University
Yale University |
| Known for | Sakurai Prize (2018) |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Institutions | Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics |
| Thesis | *Interactions of Heavy Quarks in Quantum Chromodynamics* (1978) |
| Doctoral advisor | Thomas Appelquist |
|  | |


title: Mianchi County

abstract: Mianchi County is a county under the jurisdiction of the prefecture-level city of Sanmenxia, in the northwest of Henan province, bordering Shanxi province to the north and northwest. Its population in 2019 was 353,200.

text:
# Mianchi County

| Mianchi County | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Traditional Chinese | 澠池 |
| Simplified Chinese | 渑池 |
| Transcriptions  Standard Mandarin  Hanyu Pinyin Miǎnchí Xiàn  Yue: Cantonese  Jyutping man5ci4 jyun2 | |
|  | |

**Mianchi County** is a county under the jurisdiction of the prefecture-level city of Sanmenxia, in the northwest of Henan province, bordering Shanxi province to the north and northwest. Its population in 2019 was 353,200.

## History

Mianchi is known for the ancient Yangshao Culture, the remains of which were first found by Swedish geologist Johan Gunnar Andersson. In 1921, he discovered some pieces of pottery in the north of Mianchi County, near the town of Yangshao.

In 2006, the government of Mianchi County experimented with direct democracy, allowing citizens could voice their thoughts about proposed projects through petitions.

## Administrative divisions

As of 2020, Mianchi is divided in 6 towns and 6 townships.

Towns  Townships

## Climate

| Climate data for Mianchi, elevation 542 m (1,778 ft), (2008–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 16.9
(62.4) | 23.9
(75.0) | 30.0
(86.0) | 37.3
(99.1) | 39.4
(102.9) | 40.4
(104.7) | 39.6
(103.3) | 37.8
(100.0) | 38.7
(101.7) | 31.7
(89.1) | 27.5
(81.5) | 19.7
(67.5) | 40.4
(104.7) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 4.6
(40.3) | 7.8
(46.0) | 15.3
(59.5) | 21.3
(70.3) | 26.3
(79.3) | 30.3
(86.5) | 30.6
(87.1) | 29.2
(84.6) | 24.3
(75.7) | 19.4
(66.9) | 12.2
(54.0) | 6.7
(44.1) | 19.0
(66.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −1.1
(30.0) | 1.9
(35.4) | 8.4
(47.1) | 14.4
(57.9) | 19.7
(67.5) | 24.2
(75.6) | 25.6
(78.1) | 24.3
(75.7) | 19.3
(66.7) | 13.6
(56.5) | 6.8
(44.2) | 0.9
(33.6) | 13.2
(55.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −5.4
(22.3) | −2.5
(27.5) | 2.8
(37.0) | 8.1
(46.6) | 13.4
(56.1) | 18.2
(64.8) | 21.4
(70.5) | 20.4
(68.7) | 15.4
(59.7) | 9.1
(48.4) | 2.6
(36.7) | −3.4
(25.9) | 8.3
(47.0) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −16.9
(1.6) | −18.5
(−1.3) | −9.6
(14.7) | −3.2
(26.2) | 2.5
(36.5) | 8.7
(47.7) | 13.1
(55.6) | 11.9
(53.4) | 4.8
(40.6) | −2.8
(27.0) | −12.1
(10.2) | −14.3
(6.3) | −18.5
(−1.3) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 9.6
(0.38) | 13.5
(0.53) | 22.4
(0.88) | 36.5
(1.44) | 58.4
(2.30) | 71.8
(2.83) | 112.7
(4.44) | 91.4
(3.60) | 87.8
(3.46) | 49.4
(1.94) | 26.4
(1.04) | 6.5
(0.26) | 586.4
(23.1) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 4.2 | 4.7 | 5.8 | 6.7 | 7.6 | 8.5 | 11.3 | 10.7 | 10.1 | 7.6 | 5.7 | 3.2 | 86.1 |
| Average snowy days | 5.3 | 4.8 | 2.3 | 0.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.8 | 3.6 | 18.2 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 53 | 55 | 55 | 57 | 59 | 61 | 75 | 78 | 75 | 69 | 63 | 53 | 63 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 159.1 | 154.8 | 187.2 | 213.1 | 229.2 | 211.2 | 184.4 | 180.8 | 157.8 | 164.9 | 163.7 | 165.7 | 2,171.9 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 51 | 50 | 50 | 54 | 53 | 49 | 42 | 44 | 43 | 48 | 53 | 55 | 49 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## Economy

Mianchi is wealthy in resources, having coal resources are up to 1.19 billion tons. It has 11.5 million tons of Bauxite resources, with the highest aluminium content in Asia. The reserves of quartz sand are 77.8 million tons.

### Industry

Mianchi has aluminium and coal industries, as well as float glass factories and silicon refineries. Other industries are breweries, electronics, building materials, smelting, chemicals, medicine and food. The industry is turning from resources-oriented to processing, manufacturing and high-tech. Mianchi has become an important base of energy, metallurgy, building materials and sustainable materials. It is one of the most industrially developed counties in Henan province.

The industrial district of Mianchi county is an important industry area of Henan. Located on the west of Zhengzhou-Luoyang industry corridor, Mianchi has a favourable location.

## Tourism and culture

Mianchi has colorful and diverse scenery, such as the Yangshao Grand Canyon. Other tourist sights are the Danxia Scenic Area and Shifenggu Scenic Area. It is a popular regional holiday destination. In addition, Mianchi is home to many kinds of local products. The mild weather makes it feasible for many kinds of crops to grow well here. The total farmland area is 645 million square meters. The main crops include wheat, corn, chilies, tobacco and peanuts, of which chili is about 23 million square meters, tobacco production 40 million square meters, and traditional Chinese medicine production 36 million square meters. Mianchi is known in China for its three Yangshao treasures: Yangshao apricot, Yangshao dried persimmon and Yangshao millet.

## Transportation

## InfoBox

| Mianchi County 渑池县Mienchih | |
| --- | --- |
| County | |
| Near Yangshao town | |
| Mianchi in Sanmenxia | |
| Sanmenxia in Henan | |
| Coordinates: 34°46′01″N 111°45′43″E / 34.767°N 111.762°E / 34.767; 111.762 | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Henan |
| Prefecture-level city | Sanmenxia |
| Area | |
| Total | 1,421 km2 (549 sq mi) |
| Population (2019) | |
| Total | 353,200 |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Postal code | 472400 |


title: Michael James (quilt artist)

abstract: Michael Francis James is an American artist, educator, author, and lecturer. He is best known as a leader of the art quilt movement that began in the 1970s. He currently lives and maintains a studio in Lincoln, Nebraska.

text:
# Michael James (quilt artist)

**Michael Francis James** (born 30 June 1949) is an American artist, educator, author, and lecturer. He is best known as a leader of the art quilt movement that began in the 1970s. He currently lives and maintains a studio in Lincoln, Nebraska.

## Early life and education

James was the first of seven children born to an English and French-Canadian Catholic family in New Bedford, Massachusetts. After high school he enrolled at Southeastern Massachusetts University in neighboring Dartmouth (now the University of Massachusetts at Dartmouth), where he studied painting and printmaking.

After receiving his Bachelor of Fine Arts degree in 1971, he moved to Rochester, New York, to attend graduate school at Rochester Institute of Technology, majoring again in painting and printmaking. While in graduate school he married Judith Dionne, a fellow art student from Southeastern Massachusetts University, and their son, Trevor, was born. Even as he pursued a degree in painting, his interest in the medium began to wane. Before the end of his master's program, he had decided that he had "nothing important to say in painting." Within months of receiving his Master of Fine Arts degree in 1973, he stopped painting altogether, turning his attention to fabric construction.

James had experimented with patchwork and quiltmaking as an undergraduate. His growing enthusiasm for these processes in the early 1970s coincided with a national re-interest in traditional arts spurred by the approaching US Bicentennial celebrations. In the summer of 1971, the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York exhibited selections from the quilt collection of Jonathan Holstein & Gail van der Hoof, a pivotal exhibition that attracted widespread media attraction. James eventually attended a lecture by Holstein and van Der Hoof in 1973 and later said, "The idea that quilts can be art may not have occurred to me had I not seen Amish quilts."

## Early career

The growing nationwide interest in quiltmaking created a demand for quilting teachers, and in 1974, James pursued two opportunities to teach adult education classes in nearby communities in Massachusetts—at Bristol Community College in Fall River and at the DeCordova Museum in Lincoln outside of Boston. Through his association with the DeCordova Museum, James met a group of like-minded artists from the Boston area. Other academically-trained artists had also turned to quiltmaking, several of whom participated in the June 1975 DeCordova exhibition, "Bed and Board," the third in a series of shows held in celebration of the Bicentennial and one of the first exhibits of non-traditional quilts in an accredited art museum. James was one of the sixteen quiltmakers included in the show. The experience served as a catalyst for him, and thereafter he aspired to introduce more contemporary design into his own work.

In the spring of 1977, James published a three-part series of articles in *Quilter's Newsletter*, called "Color in Quilts", that explored principles covered in his workshops. Shortly afterwards he was approached by Prentice Hall of Englewood, New Jersey, to write a book on quiltmaking. James's *The Quiltmaker's Handbook: A Guide to Design and Construction*, published in 1978, focused on quiltmaking fundamentals, giving equal treatment to both hand and machine techniques. It also deconstructed the grid system upon which quilt block patterns are based and emphasized the importance of precision.

## Artistic development

As interest in quiltmaking took off, so did James's career. He was awarded a Visual Artist's Fellowship by the National Endowment for the Arts in 1978, the first of three that he would receive from the NEA over the next twelve years. In 1979 he served as one of three jurors for the first Quilt National, an exhibition which became a biennial competition showcasing contemporary quiltmaking. By then James was traveling more extensively to teach short, intensive workshops rather than semester-long courses. In that same year, he was the recipient of a Craftsmen's Fellowship from The Artists Foundation of Boston.

Beginning in 1980, James began to create his own striped yardage by sewing strips of cotton and silk together in sets of gradated colors, a development that would drive his work for the next fifteen years. The pieces for his quilt tops were cut from the stripped panels, adding complexity to the repeat block patterns.

James published a sequel to his first instructional book in 1981. *The Second Quiltmaker's Handbook: Creative Approaches to Contemporary Quilt Design* used exercises from his workshops to explore theories and processes of designing original compositions, and detailed various technical aspects including curved seams and strip-piecing.

## Strip-pieced quilts

Many consider strip-piecing to be James's signature technique. His pieced panels eventually grew to encompass 36 strips of fabric, each measuring ¾ to 1 inch wide, and were arranged in "luminous" runs of graded color and value. The quilts themselves could include up to 150 different colors resulting in intricate compositions that required dozens of pattern templates. It was for this work, too, that he earned his reputation as a colorist.

In the early 1980s, James took his workshops overseas, first to England and then, on subsequent trips, to France, Switzerland, Ireland, Italy, and other European countries. His courses emphasized design principles rather than quiltmaking techniques. Through his teaching he aimed to encourage quilters in their own design work by "demystifying color and pattern."

In a 1985 *New York Times* article by Patricia Malarcher, Ulysses G. Dietz, at the time the curator of decorative arts for the Newark Museum in New Jersey, announced that the museum had commissioned a piece from James for their permanent collection and described the institution's acquisition policy. "The criterion is quality," he said. "That means not only technical excellence, but also distinctive style." The result was the first in the *Rhythm/Color* series, *Rhythm/Color: Spanish Dance.* It was also the first quilt in which James began to deliberately override the block structure.

As James's work progressed through the mid to late 1980s, the grid-based composition of his designs became increasingly disguised. He strove to eliminate the traditional quilt block construction method from his work completely, as he felt that it was becoming "too predictable." By 1988, his quilts were still designed upon a gridded foundation, but the construction of the quilt tops no longer relied on square blocks. Between 1986 and 1989, he experimented with the overall silhouette of the quilt, breaking out of the standard, rectangular format. His work was described by newspapers and magazine articles of the time as "spacially complex," "airy", and "full of light and movement."

In 1988 he was awarded a second fellowship from the Boston Artist's Foundation and another from the National Endowment for the Arts. His first European exhibit, "Michael James: Nouveaux Quilts," was shown that same year at Galerie Jonas in Petit-Cortaillod, Switzerland, a gallery to which his work would return five times over the next two decades.

By 1990 James was concerned that he had taken the strip-piecing as far as it would go, and he was doubtful that he would continue to make quilts as he felt confined by their limits of geometry. That year, however, he received his third grant from the National Endowment for the Arts, a USA/France Exchange Fellowship. He spent three months, September through November, in an artists' residency in La Napoule, France, where he devoted his time to working with oil pastels and crayons on paper. He credits this brief hiatus from quiltmaking and the resultant drawings with the breakthrough he made after his return to his studio. By 1992, he had found a way to escape the grid structure altogether.

James describes the quilts he made between 1992 and 1995 as a "last hurrah" for the strip-pieced panel technique, and he is best known for the work that he produced during this period. In 1992 James was awarded an honorary Doctor of Fine Arts degree from the University of Massachusetts at Dartmouth, his alma mater, and the following year, he was the 25th person to be inducted into the Quilter's Hall of Fame in Marion, Indiana. His quilt *Quilt No. 150: Rehoboth Meander* was acquired by the Renwick Gallery of the Smithsonian American Art Museum in Washington, D.C., under the auspices of the James Renwick Alliance, in 1994.

By 1995 he was spending twelve to fourteen weeks a year traveling in Europe and Japan to teach workshops and give lectures. James thought of Switzerland, in particular, as his "second home," as he had taught there every year since 1981. In the summer of 1995, he had a third solo exhibition at Galerie Jonas in Switzerland, which coincided with the release of a retrospective monograph of his work, *Michael James: Studio Quilts*. The book included documentation of his quilt-building process, as well as photographs of the individual quilts. He was also one of five American artists invited to exhibit in the 8th International Triennial of Tapestry that year in Lodz, Poland, where his piece, *The Metaphysics Of Action: Entropic Forms* won a juror's citation.

## Digital quilts

In the late 1990s, James became increasingly involved with activities at the University of Nebraska in Lincoln. He served on the inaugural advisory board of the International Quilt Study Center & Museum, (now the International Quilt Museum) which was founded at the university in 1997. In 1999 he was offered a full-time position as a senior lecturer in the Department of Textiles, Clothing and Design (now the Department of Textiles, Merchandising and Fashion Design). This opportunity promised a means to integrate art theory and fabric construction in a collegiate textile program. In 2000 he relocated to Lincoln, Nebraska, and began teaching in the fall semester. Over the course of nearly twenty years on that faculty, he taught a range of courses including foundation design, textile design, and quilt studies.

In early 2002, the textile department at the University of Nebraska acquired a Mimaki TX-1600X digital textile printer that could print reactive dyes on fabric up to 60 inches wide. Access to this technology motivated James to take his work in a new direction. He experimented with digital imagery and produced fabric using images from scanned hard copy or from photographs. He modified these images using Adobe Photoshop® and Illustrator®.

James became chairperson of the Department of Textiles, Merchandising and Fashion Design in 2005, a position that he held until his retirement in early 2020. Despite his increased academic responsibilities, he maintained an active studio practice with the help of assistants. In a 2010 article reviewing the exhibition, "Hand Craft: A Decade of Digital Quilts", at Metropolitan Community College near Omaha, Kent Wolgamott, arts columnist for the *Lincoln Journal Star*, noted that a decade after James had moved to Nebraska, he had created nearly 100 quilts using digitally-developed fabric.

## Late career

James’s wife Judith was diagnosed with younger onset Alzheimer’s Disease in 2009. A “movingly poetic” and “gently resigned” body of work emerged from his experiences with the progression of her illness that culminated in a solo exhibition at the International Quilt Museum in Lincoln from June 2015 to February 2016. The exhibition, “Ambiguity & Enigma,” was credited by Wolgamott as being James’s “best, most powerful exhibition this writer has seen either in person or digital reproduction.” James had a similar assessment saying, “I’m very proud of this work. I think it’s the strongest body of work I’ve done to date. There’s a rightness and a kind of perfection in these pieces I’ve not achieved before. If it turns out to be a kind of coda, that’s fine.” Judith died of the complications of the disease in August of 2015. They had been married 43 years. His memoir of their Alzheimer's journey, *Dear Judy–A Love Story Rewritten by Alzheimer's,* was published by Pine Eden Press in 2023.

Shortly after his retirement from the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, James donated the bulk of his papers related to the studio quilt movement to the Archives and Special Collections Department at the University Libraries. He continues to maintain a studio practice in Lincoln, Nebraska, and his work is represented by Modern Arts Midtown in Omaha, Nebraska.

* "Artist Directory, Michael James". *Modern Arts Midtown*. Retrieved 21 October 2020.
* Austin, Mary Leman, ed. (1999). *The Twentieth Century's Best American Quilts*. Golden, CO: Primedia Special Interest Publications.
* Barnes, Joan (August 20, 2020). ""James papers chronicle Studio Quilt movement". *Nebraska Today*. University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Retrieved 21 October 2020.
* Berg, Christian D. (August 8, 1995). "Famous Quiltmaker is Undercover Locally". *The Providence Journal*. Providence, RI.
* Burkard, Joe (March–April 1984). "James on His Art". *FiberArts*.
* Chapman, Laura (2019). "Quilt museum's new name reflects growing global reach". *Nebraska Today*. University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Retrieved 23 October 2020.
* "Creative Activity" (PDF). *TCD Digest*. University of Nebraska-Lincoln: College of Education and Human Sciences. April–May 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 October 2008. Retrieved 24 June 2013.
* "Department of Textiles, Merchandising and Fashion Design". *College of Education and Human Sciences*. University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Retrieved 23 October 2020.
* Ducey, Carolyn (2015). "Foreword". *Ambiguity & Enigma: Recent Quilts by Michael James*. Lincoln, NE: International Quilt Study Center & Museum. ISBN 978-0-9814582-8-1.
* Fox, Margalit (July 16, 2011). "Ardis James, Who Established Center on Quilts, Is Dead at 85". *The New York Times*. Retrieved 26 June 2013.
* Green, Michelle (October 5, 2011). "Academic Planning Committee Minutes" (PDF). *Academic Planning Committee*. University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Retrieved 23 October 2020.
* Halpern, Nancy (June 2002). "Pioneers: Teaching the World to Quilt". *Quilter's Newsletter Magazine* (343).
* Harris, Patricia; Lyon, David; Malarcher, Patricia (1995). *Michael James: Studio Quilts*. Neuchatel, Switzerland: Editions Victor Attinger, SA. ISBN 2-88380-006-5.
* Harris, Patricia; Lyon, David (1998). *Michael James: Art & Inspirations*. Lafayette, CA: C&T Publishing, Inc. ISBN 1-57120-040-1.
* Harriss, Joseph (May 1987). "The Newest Quilt Fad Seems to be Going like Crazy". *Smithsonian*. **18** (2).
* Hodapp, Angie (October 2007). "What's New". *Quilter's Newsletter Magazine* (396).
* Hornung, David (September–October 1990). "Michael James: The Dematerialized Quilt". *FiberArts*. **17** (2).
* "James, Judith Dionne". *Lincoln Journal Star*. August 17, 2015. Retrieved 23 October 2020.
* James, Michael (March 1977). "Color in Quilts". *Quilter's Newsletter* (89).
* James, Michael (1978). *The Quiltmaker's Handbook: A Guide to Design and Construction*. Englewood, NJ: Prentice Hall, Inc. ISBN 0-137494-16-5.
* James, Michael (July–August 1979). "Behind the Scenes: Jurying QUILT NATIONAL '79". *Quilter's Newsletter* (114).
* James, Michael (1981). *The Second Quiltmaker's Handbook: Creative Approaches to Contemporary Quilt Design*. Englewood, NJ: Prentice Hall, Inc. ISBN 0-137977-87-5.
* James, Michael (1998). "Preface". *Michael James: Art & Inspirations*. Lafayette, CA: C&T Publishing. ISBN 1-57120-040-1.
* James, Michael (Spring 2001). "In the Beginning: Musings on the Birth of the Studio Art Quilt Movement". *Blanket Statements* (64). American Quilt Study Group.
* James, Michael (November–December 2003). "The Digital Quilt". *Quilter's Newsletter Magazine*. **30** (3).
* James, Michael (Fall 2010). "The Art Quilt: A Critical Perspective". *Surface Design Journal*.
* James, Michael (2015). "Making Sense: Ambiguous Abstractions and Enigmatic Meanings". *Ambiguity & Enigma: Recent Quilts by Michael James*. Lincoln, NE: International Quilt Study Center & Museum. ISBN 978-0-9814582-8-1.
* "James Renwick Alliance List of Gifts" (PDF). *James Renwick Alliance*. Smithsonian American Art Museum. October 17, 2013. Retrieved 22 October 2020.
* "James to retire after 19 years in textiles, merchandising and fashion design". *Nebraska Today*. University of Nebraska-Lincoln. December 6, 2019. Retrieved 23 October 2020.
* Jurgelski, Susan (March 20, 1992). "Piecing It Together: Quilter/Workshop Leader Michael James an Artist by Design". *Lancaster New Era*. Pennsylvania.
* Klein, Jody (March–April 1984). "Michael James: A Ten-Year Retrospective". *FiberArts*.
* Koplos, Janet (2015). "Michael James: Context and Interpretation". *Ambiguity & Enigma: Recent Quilts by Michael James*. Lincoln, NE: International Quilt Study Center & Museum. ISBN 978-0-9814582-8-1.
* Laury, Jean Ray (March 2004). "My Journey through Quilting". *Quilter's Newsletter Magazine* (360).
* Leman, Bonnie, ed. (November 1974). "What's New--and News--in Quilting". *Quilter's Newsletter* (61).
* Leman, Bonnie (January 1977). "The Needle's Eye". *Quilter's Newsletter* (87).
* Leman, Bonnie, ed. (May 1993). "What's New & News in Quilting". *Quilter's Newsletter Magazine* (252).
* Leman, Bonnie, ed. (October 1995). "Interview with Michael James". *Quilter's Newsletter Magazine* (276).
* Lenkowsky, Kate (2008). *Contemporary Quilt Art: An Introduction and Guide*. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253351-24-3.
* Lyon, David; Harris, Patricia (October–November 1994). "Michael James: A New Order". *American Craft*.
* Malarcher, Patricia (June 16, 1985). "Evaluating Museum Quality". *The New York Times*.
* Malarcher, Patricia (March 22, 1987). "Quilts: 'Folk Art to Fine Art' in Newark". *The New York Times*. Retrieved 21 June 2013.
* McCabe, Carol (October 6, 1995). "Quilt Artist Speaks". *The Providence Journal*. Providence, RI.
* McMorris, Penny; Kile, Michael (October 1986). "The Art Quilt". *Quilter's Newsletter Magazine* (186).
* "Michael James (bio)". *Office of Graduate Studies*. University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Retrieved 23 October 2020.
* O'Dowd, Karen (May 1995). "Quiltmaking Around the World". *Quilter's Newsletter Magazine* (272).
* "Oral history interview with Michael James, 2003 Jan. 4-5". *Archives of American Art*. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 1 May 2012.
* Shaw, Robert (1997). *The Art Quilt*. New York: Hugh Lauter Levin Associates, Inc. ISBN 0-883633-25-6.
* Shaw, Robert (April 2004a). "Five Decades of Unconventional Quilts: The 1970s". *Quilter's Newsletter Magazine* (361).
* Shaw, Robert (June 2004b). "Five Decades of Unconventional Quilts: The 1980s". *Quilter's Newsletter Magazine* (363).
* Shaw, Robert (September 2004c). "Five Decades of Unconventional Quilts:The 1990s". *Quilter's Newsletter Magazine* (365).
* Spears, Jeannie M. (February 2005). "Digital Images on Fabric". *Quilter's Newsletter Magazine*.
* Townsend, Louise O. (April 1981). "Book Review". *Quilter's Newsletter* (131).
* Verma, Lois Marilyn (January–February 2000a). "What's New & News in Quilting Around the World". *Quilter's Newsletter Magazine* (319).
* Verma, Lois Marilyn (November 2000b). "What's New". *Quilter's Newsletter Magazine* (327).
* Warner, Sherida (October 21, 2007). "Digital Imagery Foments Revolution". *The Daily Sentinel*. Grand Junction, CO.
* Wolgamott, L. Kent (November 5, 2000). "From Folk Art to Fine Art: Quiltmaker Influenced by Painters". *Lincoln Journal Star*.
* Wolgamott, Kent (February 13, 2004). "Art Textiles - Two Perspectives". *Lincoln Journal Star*. Retrieved 24 June 2013.
* Wolgamott, Kent (December 12, 2010). "Painter in Cloth". *Lincoln Journal Star*.
* Wolgamott, Kent (June 6, 2015). "Michael James quilts explore changes in 'Every Aspect of Daily Life'". *Lincoln Journal Star*. Retrieved 23 October 2020.

## InfoBox

| Michael James | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Michael Francis James<br>(1949-06-30) June 30, 1949<br>New Bedford, Massachusetts, U.S. |
| Occupation(s) | Artist, educator, author and lecturer |
| Known for | Leader of the quilt art movement |


title: Michael Egan (Australian politician)

abstract: Michael Rueben Egan was an Australian union official and politician, who served as Treasurer of New South Wales between 1995 and 2005. Egan served as the Chancellor of Macquarie University from 2008 until 2019 and sat on a number of government and non-government advisory boards.

text:
# Michael Egan (Australian politician)

**Michael Rueben Egan** AO (21 February 1948 – 31 January 2024) was an Australian union official and politician, who served as Treasurer of New South Wales between 1995 and 2005. Egan served as the Chancellor of Macquarie University from 2008 until 2019 and sat on a number of government and non-government advisory boards.

## Early years and background

Born in Sydney, Egan was educated at St Patrick's Catholic College, Sutherland and obtained his Bachelor of Arts from The University of Sydney. He worked in the Australasian Meat Industry Employees Union as a Federal Research Officer (19691973) and was an Advisor to Les Johnson as Federal Minister for Housing and Construction and Federal Minister for Aboriginal Affairs (19731975).

Egan served as an Officer of the NSW State Pollution Control Commission (19761978). Subsequently, he was employed as a Senior Policy Advisor to Barrie Unsworth, initially when the latter was Minister for Transport and Minister for Health, and then when Unsworth was Premier of NSW (19841986).

Egan died on 31 January 2024, at the age of 75.

## Political career

Egan was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly on 7 October 1978, representing the seat of Cronulla. Although re-elected on 19 August 1981, he was defeated in the election held on 5 March 1984. He successfully ran for election to the New South Wales Legislative Council on 24 September 1986. It was not until the Bob Carr-led Labor Party took power on 3 April 1995 that he became State Treasurer, Minister for Energy, and Minister for State Development. In a Ministerial reshuffle in November 1997, Bob Debus took over the Energy portfolio. Egan was also Minister for Gaming and Racing for one month during 2003 replacing Richard Face and succeeded by Grant McBride. Egan was eventually to become the longest serving Treasurer in New South Wales.

In the few years before he became Treasurer when Labor was in Opposition, Egan had been the Shadow Finance Minister. Even though then Opposition Leader Bob Carr was Shadow Treasurer, Egan became the informal Opposition counterpart to Liberal Treasurer Peter Collins when Collins was appointed Treasurer in 1993. It was Egan, not Carr, who debated Collins on economic matters in media appearances. Egan in effect, if not in name, acted as the real Shadow Treasurer. It was because of Egan's solid performance against Treasurer Collins that Carr, upon becoming Premier in 1995 with the ALP's victory at the State election, broke with convention in not appointing the Shadow Treasurer just prior to the election (which was Carr himself) as Treasurer and appointed Egan instead.

Another break in convention with Egan's appointment as Treasurer is that he was a member of the Upper House, the New South Wales Legislative Council as previous Treasurers had been from the Lower House, the Legislative Assembly. However, since all money bills had to be introduced first in the Lower House, the Legislative Assembly, Egan delivered the State Budgets of 1995 to 2004 in the Legislative Assembly despite not being a member of that house of Parliament.

Announcing his resignation on 18 January 2005, Egan stated that, "after 35 years of political combat, I think it's time for me to move on."

He retired just months short of what would have been his tenth anniversary as Treasurer.

## Career after politics

Appointed a member of the Council of Macquarie University in 2006, Egan was appointed Chancellor in February 2008 and held this position until February 2019. Other community roles include Chairman of the Australia Day Council of New South Wales since 2006, Chairman of the Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology since 2005, a Governor of the Woolcock Institute of Medical Research since 2005, and a Director of the Maritime Services Board of New South Wales between 1984 and 1986.

In May 2008 Egan was appointed Chairman of Terria, and in 2009, he was appointed the Chair of the Australian Fisheries Management Authority Commission.

During the 2015 New South Wales state election Egan supported the privatisation stance of the Liberal government and slammed the Labor Party on its anti privatisation position.

## InfoBox

| The HonourableMichael EganAO | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Chancellor of Macquarie University | |
| **In office**
February 2008  February 2019 | |
| Preceded by | Maurice Newman |
| Succeeded by | Martin Parkinson |
| Treasurer of New South Wales | |
| **In office**
3 April 1995  21 January 2005 | |
| Premier | Bob Carr |
| Preceded by | Peter Collins |
| Succeeded by | Andrew Refshauge |
| Leader of the Government in the
Legislative Council | |
| **In office**
3 April 1995  21 January 2005 | |
| Premier | Bob Carr |
| Preceded by | John Hannaford |
| Succeeded by | John Della Bosca |
| Vice-President of the Executive Council | |
| **In office**
3 April 1995  21 January 2005 | |
| Premier | Bob Carr |
| Preceded by | John Hannaford |
| Succeeded by | John Della Bosca |
| Member of the
New South Wales Legislative Council | |
| **In office**
24 September 1986  8 February 2005 | |
| Preceded by | Barrie Unsworth |
| Succeeded by | Greg Donnelly |
| Member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly
for Cronulla | |
| **In office**
7 October 1978  5 March 1984 | |
| Preceded by | Ian Griffith |
| Succeeded by | Malcolm Kerr |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Michael Rueben Egan
(1948-02-21)21 February 1948
Sydney, New South Wales, Australia |
| Died | 31 January 2024(2024-01-31) (aged 75) |
| Political party | Labor Party |
| Alma mater | University of Sydney |
|  | |


title: Michael Norman (author)

abstract: Michael Norman was an American author known for his supernatural book series Haunted which he has written alongside fellow author Beth Scott. Norman, who hailed from Illinois, graduated with a master's degree from Northern Illinois University in 1969. He worked at the University of Wisconsin–River Falls journalism department from 1973 until his retirement in May 2003. In 1996, Norman made a guest appearance in the Annie Award-nominated talk show Space Ghost Coast to Coast. He later spoke about Haunted Hollywood on the Travel Channel, which was Number 9 on the countdown of World's Creepiest Destinations. This author is survived by his wife Janell and son James.

text:
# Michael Norman (author)

**Michael Norman** (June 29, 1947 – August 6, 2021) was an American author known for his supernatural book series *Haunted* which he has written alongside fellow author Beth Scott. Norman, who hailed from Illinois, graduated with a master's degree from Northern Illinois University in 1969. He worked at the University of Wisconsin–River Falls journalism department from 1973 until his retirement in May 2003. In 1996, Norman made a guest appearance in the Annie Award-nominated talk show *Space Ghost Coast to Coast*. He later spoke about Haunted Hollywood on the Travel Channel, which was Number 9 on the countdown of World's Creepiest Destinations. This author is survived by his wife Janell and son James.

## Bibliography

### Haunted series

#### With Beth Scott

* *Haunted Wisconsin* (1980) ISBN 0-88361-082-5
* *Haunted Heartland* (1985) ISBN 0-88361-092-2
* *Haunted America* (1994) ISBN 0-312-85751-9 ISBN 0812550544
* *Historic Haunted America* (1995) ISBN 0-312-85752-7
* *Haunted Heritage* (2002) ISBN 0-7653-0173-3

#### Solo

### Plays

* *Entering the Circle: The Lives of Pioneer Farm Women*
* *Nye and Riley Tonight!*

### Other

* *WordWise: Vocabulary Guides to Enhance Your Real-World Conversations* (2006) ISBN 1-9330-5427-1
* *Haunted Encounters: Real-life Stories of Supernatural Experiences* (2009) ISBN 0-8735-1717-2


title: Michael Goldsmith (computer scientist)

abstract:
Michael Goldsmith is a British computer scientist, senior research fellow and Lecturer at the University of Oxford, England.
He is a member of Oxford University's Department of Computer Science. He is an associate director of Oxford University's Cyber Security Centre, and an Oxford Martin Fellow of The Global Cyber Security Capacity Centre. He is a fellow of Worcester College, Oxford.

text:
# Michael Goldsmith (computer scientist)

**Michael Goldsmith** (born 1959) is a British computer scientist, senior research fellow and Lecturer at the University of Oxford, England. He is a member of Oxford University's Department of Computer Science. He is an associate director of Oxford University's Cyber Security Centre, and an Oxford Martin Fellow of The Global Cyber Security Capacity Centre. He is a fellow of Worcester College, Oxford.

## Career

Goldsmith is a senior research fellow at the University of Oxford's Computer Science Department, From 2006 to 2011 he was principal fellow: High-Integrity Techniques in the e-Security Group of the WMG Digital Laboratory in the University of Warwick.

## Publications

Goldsmith's publications cover security, cryptography in general, CSP, and formal methods in particular.


title: Michael Hornby (politician)

abstract: Michael Hornby is an American politician serving as a member of the West Virginia House of Delegates from the 93rd district.

text:
# Michael Hornby (politician)

**Michael Hornby** is an American politician serving as a member of the West Virginia House of Delegates from the 93rd district.

## Biography

Hornby earned a degree from St. Johns College in 1993. He is a Christian.

## InfoBox

| Michael Hornby | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the West Virginia House of Representatives
from the 93rd district | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
December 1, 2022 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Chiredzi |
| Political party | Republican |
| Residence | Martinsburg, West Virginia |
| Occupation | Entrepreneur |
|  | |


title: Yummy!!

abstract: Yummy!! (ヤミー!!) is the seventh original album by Japanese boy band Kis-My-Ft2, released on April 25, 2018, by Avex Trax. The video bonus of the album includes “Kismatsu-so apartment Kis-My-Ft2's 7 years reconciliation missions” in two parts, the first part and the second part. The setting for this video special is a men's dormitory called “Kismatsu-so apartment”. In it, they dance to music, act out skits and dramas, sometimes changing their appearance into anime characters. The members unfold the seven “reconciliation missions” in this 80-minute epic.

text:
# Yummy!!

***Yummy!!*** (ヤミー!!) is the seventh original album by Japanese boy band Kis-My-Ft2, released on April 25, 2018, by Avex Trax.

The video bonus of the album includes “Kismatsu-so apartment Kis-My-Ft2's 7 years reconciliation missions” in two parts, the first part and the second part. The setting for this video special is a men's dormitory called “Kismatsu-so apartment”. In it, they dance to music, act out skits and dramas, sometimes changing their appearance into anime characters. The members unfold the seven “reconciliation missions” in this 80-minute epic.

## Background

Since this is the seventh anniversary of the seven-member group's debut and their seventh album, the special single "You & Me" was released on the same day on Seven Net in a limited edition of 77,777 copies for complete production. This is the same as the album title "Yummy! , which means that You (fans) and Me (Kis-My-Ft2) will have a "delicious relationship".

## Charts

The album debuted at No. 1 on the Oricon Weekly Album Chart dated May 07, 2018. This is the eighth consecutive album since their first album "Kis-My-1st" (2012) to reach No. 1.

They are the second group in history, after KinKi Kids (12 consecutive albums), to have achieved first-week sales of more than 200,000 copies for eight consecutive albums since their first album.

## Package specifications

The album was released in three formats:

* First edition A -CD+DVD (AVCD-93876/B)
* First edition B -CD+DVD (AVCD-93877/B)
* Regular edition -CD (AVCD-93878)

The regular edition includes the solo songs by members Hiromitsu Kitayama, Taisuke Fujigaya, and Yuta Tamamori, and a bonus track introducing the members, "We are Kismai! as a bonus track. The DVD included with the first pressing A and B will feature the songs from the album along with drama, comedy, variety, anime, documentary, and dance projects. The first disc A will include "KIS-MY-TV" and the first disc B will include "Kismay Sports Championship". In addition, the first pressing B includes seven jacket cards with visuals of the members.

## Track listing

### CD

* is included only on the standard edition. See that page for details on single tracks.

1. 7th Overture (inst.) \[1:06\].
2. Invitation \[4:05\].
3. Mr. Star Light \[3:28\].
4. Pick It Up \[3:36\] (Japanese only)
5. Break The Chains \[4:29\].
6. Toxxxic\* \[3:53\] - Taisuke Fujigaya
7. Mirage \[3:53\].
8. Ka ku shi go to\* \[4:04\] - Hiromitsu Kitayama
9. Selfie \[4:15\].
10. Seishun Don't Stop! \[3:47\].
11. Super Tasty!
12. Clap-A-Holics\* \[3:46\] - Yuta Tamamori
13. Red Fruits \[4:14\].
14. Real me \[3:16\] - Hiromitsu Kitayama, Taisuke Fujigaya
15. We are Kis-My-Ft2! ※ \[4:06\].

### DVD

* First Edition A
    + Kismatsu-so apartment Kis-My-Ft2's 7 years reconciliation missions Part 1
    + Kis-My-TV Kiss My Goroku
* First Edition B
    + Kismatsu-so apartment Kis-My-Ft2's 7 years reconciliation missions Part 2
* Kis-My Sports Championship Bubble Soccer (Funny Sports)

## InfoBox

| Yummy!! | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Kis-My-Ft2 | |
| Released | April 25, 2018 |
| Genre | J-pop |
| Length | 68:26 (regular edition) |
| Label | Avex Trax |
| Kis-My-Ft2 chronology | |
| *Music Colosseum*
(2017) ***Yummy!!***
(2018) *Free Hugs!*
(2019) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Yummy!!* | |
| 1. "Pick It Up (Kis-My-Ft2 song)"
Released: June 7, 2017 2. "Akai Kajitsu"
Released: November 1, 2017 | |
|  | |


title: William Austin Whiting

abstract: William Austin Whiting was an American lawyer and politician of the Kingdom, Republic, and Territory of Hawaii. He served as Attorney General of Hawaii and was an associate justice of the Supreme Court of Hawaii. During his college years, he was captain of the 1875 Harvard Crimson football team.

text:
# William Austin Whiting

**William Austin Whiting** (August 5, 1855 – January 18, 1908) was an American lawyer and politician of the Kingdom, Republic, and Territory of Hawaii. He served as Attorney General of Hawaii and was an associate justice of the Supreme Court of Hawaii. During his college years, he was captain of the 1875 Harvard Crimson football team.

## Life and career

Whiting was born August 5, 1855, in Charlestown, Massachusetts. His ancestors included Massachusetts colonial governors Thomas Dudley and Simon Bradstreet, and Reverend John Cotton. He became a sixth generation Harvard College graduate, and served as captain of the 1875 Harvard Crimson football team. After graduating Harvard, he became a lawyer and practiced in Boston and Charlestown.

Whiting resettled in the Hawaiian Islands in 1880 where his uncle James W. Austin was an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the Kingdom of Hawaii. He continued his law practice in Honolulu. In 1891, the newly enthroned Queen Liliuokalani appointed him as Attorney General succeeding Arthur P. Peterson of the hold-over cabinet from the reign of King Kalākaua. As a cabinet minister, he sat as a member of the House of Nobles, the upper body of the legislature of the kingdom. Considered a tool of the queen by her opposition, Whiting lost popularity for his defense of the controversial Marshal Charles Burnett Wilson, a favorite of the queen and subordinate of the Attorney General. Whiting resigned on July 27, 1892, and was replaced by Paul Neumann.

On January 11, 1893, he was appointed First Judge of the First Circuit Court. Six days later, the monarchy was overthrown by pro-American elements in Hawaii. Whiting continued his position under the successive new regimes. Following the unsuccessful Royalist counter-revolution, Whiting headed the military tribunal which sentenced Liliuokalani for misprision of treason. In this capacity, he was given the rank of Colonel by the Republic of Hawaii. The trial was held in the former throne room of the ʻIolani Palace. The deposed queen was defended by Paul Neumann. She claimed ignorance but was sentenced to five years of hard labor in prison by the military tribunal and fined $5,000. The sentence was commuted on September 4, 1895 to imprisonment in an upstairs bedroom of ʻIolani Palace.

Whiting continued working as a circuit court judge until his elevation to the Supreme Court. On January 11, 1896, he was appointed Second Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Hawaii succeeding the vacant seat left by the death of Richard Frederick Bickerton. He held this position until the annexation of Hawaii and the organization of the Territory of Hawaii on July 14, 1900. After retiring from politics, he returned to his private law practice. Judge Whiting died on January 18, 1908; the cause of death was "dropsy caused by cirrhosis of the liver".

## Personal life

Whiting had three children out of wedlock by an unnamed woman. The three children are Elizabeth Maunakapu Whiting (born 1885), Ethel Hakula Whiting (born 1887), and Austin Whiting (born 1889). In the 1900 US Census, the children lived in John & Lizzie Mana's household as boarders.

## Bibliography

"A List of All the Cabinet Ministers Who Have Held Office in the Hawaiian Kingdom" Includes a list of Attorneys General for the Kingdom of Hawaii, their salaries and budgets

## InfoBox

| William Austin Whiting | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Second Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Hawaii | |
| **In office**
January 11, 1896  July 14, 1900 | |
| Monarch | Liliʻuokalani |
| Preceded by | Richard F. Bickerton |
| Succeeded by | *organization of the Territory of Hawaii* |
| Kingdom of Hawaii
Attorney General | |
| **In office**
February 25, 1891  July 27, 1892 | |
| Monarch | Liliʻuokalani |
| Preceded by | Arthur P. Peterson |
| Succeeded by | Paul Neumann |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | August 5, 1855
Charlestown, Massachusetts, U.S. |
| Died | January 18, 1908 (1908-01-19) (aged 52)
Honolulu County, Territory of Hawaii |
| Relations | James W. Austin (uncle) |
| Education | Harvard College |
|  | |


title: Świt, Gmina Gostycyn

abstract: Świt is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gostycyn, within Tuchola County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) north-east of Gostycyn, 7 km (4 mi) south of Tuchola, and 48 km (30 mi) north of Bydgoszcz.

text:
# Świt, Gmina Gostycyn

**Świt** \[ɕfit\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gostycyn, within Tuchola County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) north-east of Gostycyn, 7 km (4 mi) south of Tuchola, and 48 km (30 mi) north of Bydgoszcz.

## InfoBox

| Świt | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Świt | |
| Coordinates: 53°32′26″N 17°53′3″E / 53.54056°N 17.88417°E / 53.54056; 17.88417 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Kuyavian-Pomeranian |
| County | Tuchola |
| Gmina | Gostycyn |


title: TorrentFreak

abstract: TorrentFreak (TF) is a blog dedicated to reporting the latest news and trends on the BitTorrent protocol and file sharing, as well as on copyright infringement and digital rights. The website was started in November 2005 by a Dutchman using the pseudonym "Ernesto van der Sar". He was joined by Andy "Enigmax" Maxwell and Ben Jones in 2007. Regular contributors include Rickard Falkvinge, founder of the Pirate Party. The online publication eCommerceTimes, in 2009, described "Ernesto" as the pseudonym of Lennart Renkema, owner of TorrentFreak. TorrentFreak's text is free content under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial version 3.0 license. Their lead researcher and community manager was the Pirate Party activist Andrew Norton, from 2007 until 2022.

text:
# TorrentFreak

**TorrentFreak** (**TF**) is a blog dedicated to reporting the latest news and trends on the BitTorrent protocol and file sharing, as well as on copyright infringement and digital rights.

The website was started in November 2005 by a Dutchman using the pseudonym "Ernesto van der Sar". He was joined by Andy "Enigmax" Maxwell and Ben Jones in 2007. Regular contributors include Rickard Falkvinge, founder of the Pirate Party. The online publication eCommerceTimes, in 2009, described "Ernesto" as the pseudonym of Lennart Renkema, owner of TorrentFreak. TorrentFreak's text is free content under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial version 3.0 license.

Their lead researcher and community manager was the Pirate Party activist Andrew Norton, from 2007 until 2022.

## Specialist areas

According to Canadian law scholar Michael Geist, TorrentFreak "is widely used as a source of original reporting on digital issues".

Frequent areas of reporting include:

As well as other news affecting copyright, privacy, file sharing and adjacent topics.

### Editorial stance

In a 2021 article, Andy Maxwell outlined TorrentFreak's editorial stance. He wrote: "As a publication entirely dedicated to reporting on copyright, piracy, torrent and streaming sites (plus all things closely related), here at TorrentFreak we aim to tell all 'sides' of the story. We do not shy away from reports that show that piracy hurts sales and we have no problem publishing research projects that show completely the opposite. It's called balanced reporting and it hurts absolutely no one."

## History

On 17 August 2007, TorrentFreak reported that Comcast had begun throttling its upload bandwidth, specifically against BitTorrent users. This made seeding, which is an essential part of the BitTorrent protocol, effectively impossible. It was later determined that Comcast was using Sandvine products, which implement network traffic shaping and policing, and include support for both blocking new and forcefully terminating established network connections. Comcast has denied these claims whenever they have been asked to comment. A guide, for customer service representatives when asked about Comcast's BitTorrent throttling, was leaked to The Consumerist on 26 October 2007.

In October 2008 through to March 2011 TorrentFreak ran a short lived video news service titled 'torrentfreak.tv', directed by Andrej Preston, founder of torrent site Suprnova made available for streaming and download on Mininova.

On 21 August 2013, Comcast threatened TorrentFreak for writing about publicly available court documents. The underlying document links a Comcast subscriber with the Prenda Law firm. The court case where the document was filed was a copyright infringement lawsuit brought by AF Holdings for alleged infringement of an adult movie.

In August 2013, Sky Broadband blocked the site for UK customers after torrent site EZTV pointed its DNS servers to TorrentFreak's IP address and, in July 2014, the site was blocked by the controversial Sky Broadband Shield parental filter system.

## InfoBox

TorrentFreak
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Type of site | Blog |
| Available in | English |
| Owner | Lennart Renkema PhD |
| Created by | Ernesto van der Sar
Andy Maxwell
Rickard Falkvinge
Ben Jones (modified WordPress) |
| Editor | Ernesto van der Sar |
| Revenue | Advertisements |
| URL | torrentfreak.com |
| Launched | 12 November 2005 (2005-11-12) |
| Content license | CC BY-NC 3.0 (text only) |


title: Stizocera wagneri

abstract: Stizocera wagneri is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Gounelle in 1913.

text:
# Stizocera wagneri

***Stizocera wagneri*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Gounelle in 1913.

## InfoBox

| *Stizocera wagneri* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Suborder: | Polyphaga |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | ***Stizocera*** |
| Species: | ***S. wagneri*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Stizocera wagneri***<br>(Gounelle, 1913) | |
|


abstract: This is a list of majority leaders of the Minnesota House of Representatives

text:
# List of majority leaders of the Minnesota House of Representatives

This is a list of **majority leaders of the Minnesota House of Representatives**

| Name | Took office | Left office | Party/caucus |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Winslow W. R Dunn | 1901 | 1903 | Republican |
| George W. Wilson | 1903 | 1905 | Republican |
| Anton J. Rockne | 1905 | 1909 | Republican |
| Henry Rines | 1909 | 1913 | Republican |
| William I. Nolan | 1913 | 1915 | Conservative |
| Thomas H. Girling | 1915 | 1917 | Conservative |
| Willis I. Norton | 1917 | 1933 | Conservative |
| John J. McDonough | 1933 | 1935 | Liberal |
| Roy E. Dunn | 1935 | 1937 | Conservative |
| Carl J. Eastvold | 1937 | 1939 | Liberal |
| Roy E. Dunn | 1939 | 1955 | Conservative |
| Fred A. Cina | 1955 | 1963 | Liberal |
| Aubrey W. Dirlam | 1963 | 1971 | Conservative |
| Ernest A. Lindstrom | 1971 | 1973 | Republican |
| Irv Anderson | 1973 | 1981 | Democratic-Farmer-Labor |
| Jerry Knickerbocker | 1979 | 1980 | Independent-Republican |
| Willis R. Eken | 1981 | 1984 | Democratic-Farmer-Labor |
| Harry Sieben | 1984 | 1985 | Democratic-Farmer-Labor |
| Connie Levi | 1985 | 1987 | Independent-Republican |
| Robert Vanasek | 1987 | 1987 | Democratic-Farmer-Labor |
| Ann Wynia | 1987 | 1989 | Democratic-Farmer-Labor |
| Dee Long | 1989 | 1992 | Democratic-Farmer-Labor |
| Alan Welle | 1992 | 1993 | Democratic-Farmer-Labor |
| Irv Anderson | 1993 | 1993 | Democratic-Farmer-Labor |
| Phil Carruthers | 1993 | 1997 | Democratic-Farmer-Labor |
| Ted Winter | 1997 | 1999 | Democratic-Farmer-Labor |
| Tim Pawlenty | 1999 | 2003 | Republican |
| Erik Paulsen | 2003 | 2007 | Republican |
| Tony Sertich | 2007 | 2011 | Democratic-Farmer-Labor |
| Matt Dean | 2011 | 2013 | Republican |
| Erin Murphy | 2013 | 2015 | Democratic-Farmer-Labor |
| Joyce Peppin | 2015 | 2018 | Republican |
| Ryan Winkler | 2019 | 2023 | Democratic-Farmer-Labor |
| Jamie Long | 2023 | Incumbent | Democratic-Farmer-Labor |

## Notes on Minnesota political party names

In 1913, Minnesota legislators began to be elected on nonpartisan ballots. Nonpartisanship also was an historical accident that occurred in the 1913 session when a bill to provide for no party elections of judges and city and county officers was amended to include the Legislature in the belief that it would kill the bill. Legislators ran and caucused as "Liberals" or "Conservatives" roughly equivalent in most years to Democratic-Farmer-Labor and Republican, respectively. The law was changed in 1973, in 1974, House members again ran with party designation.

1. From 1979 to 1980, the House was evenly divided. Irv Anderson served as leader of the DFL caucus.
2. From 1979 to 1980, the House was evenly divided. Jerry Knickerbocker served as leader of the I-R caucus.
3. Wilis R. Eken resigned as majority leader in 1984. Rather than elect a new majority leader, House Speaker Harry Sieben appointed himself majority leader as well.
4. Joyce Peppin resigned in July 2018. As the House did not meet after that time, the position was vacant until the next session began in January 2019.


title: William Joynson

abstract: William Reginald Hamborough Joynson was an English first-class cricketer and British Army officer. The son of Lieutenant Colonel William Owen Hamborough Joynson, one-time chairman of Kent County Cricket Club, he was born at Bickley in May 1917. He was educated at Harrow School, before going up to Christ Church, Oxford. While studying at Oxford, Joynson made two appearances in first-class cricket for Oxford University at Oxford in 1939, against Gloucestershire and Yorkshire. However, any further prospect of playing first-class cricket for Oxford was curtailed by the commencement of the Second World War in September 1939. Joynson served in the war, being commissioned into the Royal Artillery as a second lieutenant in October 1940. Following the war, Joynson became a farmer in Kent. He died in December 2000 at Bath, Somerset.

text:
# William Joynson

**William Reginald Hamborough Joynson** (18 May 1917 – 4 December 2000) was an English first-class cricketer and British Army officer.

The son of Lieutenant Colonel William Owen Hamborough Joynson, one-time chairman of Kent County Cricket Club, he was born at Bickley in May 1917. He was educated at Harrow School, before going up to Christ Church, Oxford. While studying at Oxford, Joynson made two appearances in first-class cricket for Oxford University at Oxford in 1939, against Gloucestershire and Yorkshire. However, any further prospect of playing first-class cricket for Oxford was curtailed by the commencement of the Second World War in September 1939. Joynson served in the war, being commissioned into the Royal Artillery as a second lieutenant in October 1940. Following the war, Joynson became a farmer in Kent. He died in December 2000 at Bath, Somerset.

## InfoBox

William Joynson
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | William Reginald Hamborough Joynson |
| Born | 18 May 1917
Bickley, Kent, England |
| Died | 4 December 2000(2000-12-04) (aged 83)
Bath, Somerset, England |
| Batting | Right-handed |
| Domestic team information | |
| Years | Team |
| 1939 | Oxford University |
|  | |
| Career statistics | |
| Competition First-class  Matches 2  Runs scored 30  Batting average 7.50  100s/50s –/–  Top score 11  Catches/stumpings –/– | |
|  | |
| Source: Cricinfo, 15 May 2020 | |


title: École intuit.lab

abstract: École Intuit Lab is a French design and visual communication school cofounded in 2001 by Patrick Felices along with Clement Derock and Frederic Lalande. In 2006, following the success of the initial venture, a second school was opened in Aix-en-Provence, the land where famous artists such as Picasso, Van Gogh and Cézanne lived. In 2008 the Paris school moved to an entirely new building that is located close to the Eiffel Tower. In 2010, the institute opened its first international branch in Mumbai - one of the fastest-growing cities in Asia. Taking forward the idea and practice of 'business application in design education. In 2020, école intuit lab is create to Kolkata In 2021 the campus of Aix-en-provence move to Marseille iin euromed area.

text:
# École intuit.lab

**École Intuit Lab** is a French design and visual communication school cofounded in 2001 by Patrick Felices along with Clement Derock and Frederic Lalande. In 2006, following the success of the initial venture, a second school was opened in Aix-en-Provence, the land where famous artists such as Picasso, Van Gogh and Cézanne lived.

In 2008 the Paris school moved to an entirely new building that is located close to the Eiffel Tower.

In 2010, the institute opened its first international branch in Mumbai \- one of the fastest-growing cities in Asia. Taking forward the idea and practice of 'business application in design education.

In 2020, école intuit lab is create to Kolkata

In 2021 the campus of Aix-en-provence move to Marseille iin euromed area.

## Meaning of the name

The name of the institute has been derived from two words, intuition and laboratory. Intuition is the ability to foresee and to immediately perceive the truth without conscious reasoning. Laboratory is any place where a team works on the elaboration of a discovery, creation or a research project. Hence, the name means a living laboratory of reflection and the production of creative solutions.

## Aim and History

The aim of the school has been to produce high quality professionals whose profiles meet the specific needs of the graphic design and visual communication sectors in India, France and across the world. With the newly begun school in India, the syllabus has been especially skewed to meet the professional demands of the visual communications industry in India and to tap the potential that design holds in the country. école intuit.lab through its students have built solid relationships with over 800 companies in France and other countries.

In the year 2000, after rather long stints in Parisian design companies, Clément Derock and Frédéric Lalande got together to create a design company that was the first of its kind in France. It combined separate skill sets – new Internet-related technology, mixed media branding and traditional design skills – to create a truly new agency, "Seenk". Based on the belief that métissage or crossbreeding is crucial to the evolution of species, Seenk adopted mixed media as a part of each of their branding or communication exercise at a time when no other company was doing so. The consequence of this constant attempt at merger of media was that a new breed of designers came into their own and flourished. This was a breed of designers that did not exist before due to the gap that existed in design education - a gap between academia and the professional world. That's why Clément and Fréderic tied up with Patrick Felices, experimented in the field of graphic design education. Patrick had been the Dean of a noted Paris based design school for many years before he took on the mantle of co-founder and Dean at école intuit.lab to 2018. clement and Frédéric remain in charge of the school and these campuses.

With a consistently expanding list of firsts (the first school to introduce new subjects in design in the 1980s, the first to truly promote international collaborations, the first to regularly engage in mixed media design), école intuit.lab has led the way in design education. Today école intuit.lab is one of the top best design schools in Paris. And for the first time has brought itself to the doorstep of students outside of Europe, best place to be in Asia, to Mumbai, India.

## ECTS

The institute is a part of European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System, a standard for comparing the study attainment and performance of students of higher education across the European Union and other collaborating European countries.

## Courses

### Four Year Course in Graphic Design

The four-year course in Graphic Design is open to students after standard X or XII This consists of a one-year fundamental course, followed by 3 years of advanced-level studies.

### Master's in Graphic Design

Master's programme is available for students who have completed 4 years in Design. The programme is exclusively available in the Paris campus and is the last stage in the curriculum. It finalises the initial Bac+4-level training with a specialisation year in the areas of Graphic Design, Creative advertising and Multimedia/Animation.

### Post Graduation in Advertising, Design & Digital Communication

The one year Post Graduation in Advertising, Design & Digital Communication is a premium program that provides students with an in-depth understanding of advertising, branding, design, digital and communication strategies.

## Ranking

For years, The school has been in the top 5 in Ecoles de Art Director & Design (Bac+5)

https://www.meilleurs-masters.com/master-direction-artistique-graphisme-design/intuitlab-niveau-mastere-en-design-et-communication-visuelle-bac-5.html

https://www.francecompetences.fr/recherche/rncp/34816/

## InfoBox

École Intuit Lab
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Established | 2001 |
| President | Frédéric Lalande & Clément Derock |
| Principal | Yan Garin |
| Dean | Meike Kraus |
| Location | Paris, Mumbai, Marseille, Kolkata, São Paulo |
| Affiliations | European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System |
| Website | https://www.ecole-intuit-lab.com/ |


title: Senga (given name)

abstract:
Senga is a feminine given name of Scottish origin, derived either from a backwards spelling of the name Agnes or from the Scottish Gaelic word seang, meaning "slenderness". Senga is also a Japanese surname of unrelated origins. Notable people with the name include:
  - Senga Macfie, English-born Scottish professional squash player
  - Senga McCrone (1934–2020), Scottish international lawn and indoor bowler
  - Senga Nengudi, née Sue Irons, American visual artist and curator

text:
# Senga (given name)

**Senga** is a feminine given name of Scottish origin, derived either from a backwards spelling of the name Agnes or from the Scottish Gaelic word *seang*, meaning "slenderness". Senga is also a Japanese surname of unrelated origins.

Notable people with the name include:

* Senga Macfie (born 1968), English-born Scottish professional squash player
* Senga McCrone (1934–2020), Scottish international lawn and indoor bowler
* Senga Nengudi, née Sue Irons (born 1943), American visual artist and curator


title: Tooting, Merton and Wimbledon Railway

abstract: The Tooting, Merton and Wimbledon Railway (TM&WR) was a railway company jointly operated by the London and South Western Railway (LSWR) and the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway (LBSCR) in Surrey.

text:
# Tooting, Merton and Wimbledon Railway

The **Tooting, Merton and Wimbledon Railway** (TM&WR) was a railway company jointly operated by the London and South Western Railway (LSWR) and the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway (LBSCR) in Surrey (now south-west London).

## Network

The TM&WR comprised two lines:

At Wimbledon the TM&WR shared the WCR station, a little to the southwest of the main LSWR station. On the arrival of the TM&WR the LBSCR facilities were expanded to two platforms, 5 and 6. Tooting Junction station was sited across the divergence of the Wimbledon and Merton branches, with a pair of platform faces for each. On opening Lower Merton station had platforms only on the Tooting line.

It was double track throughout, including the doubling of the WCR from Lower Merton to Wimbledon, which had previously been single.

## History

The Wandle Valley had long established industries that prompted the building of the Surrey Iron Railway, later developed into the WCR. The Merton Abbey copper mill and supporting trades were close to that corridor but not directly served by the WCR.

In the 1860s the LBSCR was expanding its South London suburban network, and proposed the TM&WR to link their Peckham Rye to Sutton route with the LSWR, and attract goods traffic from the Merton Abbey industries. It was established as an independent company by Act of Parliament in 1864, but vested jointly in the LSWR and LBSCR a year later. It opened on 1 October 1868, concurrently with the Peckham Rye-Sutton line. Initial LBSCR services ran from London Bridge both ways round the loop. After a year the LSWR began a service from Kingston to Ludgate Hill (near Blackfriars) via Tooting, beginning a long association between the Wimbledon branch and the LCDR City line.

In 1870 a platform was added to Lower Merton station for the Croydon line, and it was renamed Merton Park. In 1889 the LSWR relocated Wimbledon station to the other side of Wimbledon Bridge for the opening of the District Railway branch. The TM&WR and W&CR were then brought into the shared station with an island platform next to the South West Main Line, at roughly the location of what is now platforms 9 and 10. Also in 1889, Haydens Lane station was renamed Haydons Road.

In 1894 Tooting Junction was relocated to the other side of Mitcham Road, with just two platform faces for all services, although the original station building remained until the 1980s. By the early 20th century the LBSCR was running services from Wimbledon to London Bridge via both sides of the loop, and from Tooting to Victoria using the LSWR mainline between Wimbledon and Clapham Junction.

### Interwar period

After The Great War the TM&WR and connected LBSCR & LSWR lines were merged into the Southern Railway. The rapid expansion of electric trams in South London diverted passenger traffic away from these small suburban lines. LCC Tram No's 2, 4, 10 and 30 paralleled various sections of the TM&WR and WCR, and running on the streets they were more useful for local travel. In 1926 the City & South London Railway extended their underground line to Morden, with stations at Colliers Wood and South Wimbledon, close to Merton Abbey and Merton Park stations respectively. The C&SLR provided a direct service to the City and West End (via the Charing Cross, Euston & Hampstead Railway), with stations more conveniently placed for commuters.

The TM&WR and WCR system was left only with passengers connecting to the mainlines, and goods traffic from Merton Abbey and Waddon Marsh. The Merton Abbey branch was closed to passenger traffic in 1929. As new works opened in the Merton Abbey area freight continued to be profitable, with coal inward and finished products out; private sidings were added to the branch to handle the traffic.

### Decline

In 1934 the Merton Abbey branch was singled, the connection at Tooting was broken and the goods service operated via Merton Park only. After the Second World War several of the factories closed. The steady rise of road transport eroded what was left of the goods traffic. The nationalised railway could not support such an underused line, and the branch was closed completely and lifted in 1975.

The remaining Wimbledon branch kept its passenger service from Holborn Viaduct via Herne Hill and Tulse Hill, continuing the LBSCR practice. From 1930 it ran through to the Wimbledon and Sutton Railway (WSR) and thence to West Croydon. That service was not an outstanding success, and later the WSR service was diverted at Sutton to return to Streatham via Mitcham Junction, forming the Sutton Loop Line still operating today.

From the 1960s service frequencies were scaled back; by the 1980s the weekday off-peak service was 2tph each way, 1tph on Saturdays, and no Sunday service.

### Redeployment

In the late 1980s the Sutton Loop was taken over by Thameslink. The unexpected popularity of this new cross-London service led to weekend services being restored and new longer trains being provided. For many years the Thameslink services were supplemented with some Southern services to London Bridge during weekday rush-hours, but these no longer run.

In the 1990s the Merton Abbey industrial area was re-developed as a retail park. Part of the Merton Park - Merton Abbey - Tooting Junction trackbed became Merantun Way, diverting the A24 trunk road to bypass Merton High Street. The site of Merton Abbey station is now occupied by a roundabout midway along Merantun Way and a petrol station.

In 1997 the WCR was converted to a grade-separated tram line (the Croydon Tramlink), and the site of Merton Park station is now occupied by a tram stop of the same name.