title: Tyler Dees

abstract: Tyler Dees is an American politician representing part of Northwest Arkansas in the Arkansas Senate since 2023.

text:
# Tyler Dees

**Tyler Dees** is an American politician representing part of Northwest Arkansas in the Arkansas Senate since 2023.

## Life and career

Dees attended John Brown University. He is a businessperson working in retail for Simmons Foods.

Longtime member of the Arkansas General Assembly Jim Hendren (Independent) announced his retirement in 2022, opening a vacancy in the 35th district, which had recently been renumbered from the 2nd district during redistricting. Dees ran against Jeff Tennant and State Representative Gayla Hendren McKenzie in the March 2022 Republican primary. The race went to a runoff election, when Dees defeated McKenzie to win the Republican nomination.

In November 2022, Dees defeated Libertarian Doug Peterson in the general election, winning 73 percent of the votes. He was seated on January 9, 2023 in the 94th Arkansas General Assembly.

## InfoBox

| Tyler Dees | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Arkansas Senate
from the 35th district | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
January 9, 2023 | |
| Preceded by | Jim Hendren |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Political party | Republican |
| Spouse | Meagan Dees (m. 2007) |
| Children | 3 |
| Residence | Siloam Springs, Arkansas |
| Alma mater | John Brown University |
|  | |


title: Tyrone Anthony

abstract: Edward Tyrone Anthony is an American former professional football player who was a running back in the National Football League (NFL). He played high school football at West Forsyth High School in Clemmons, North Carolina and college football for the North Carolina Tar Heels. Following his college career, he was selected in the third round of the 1984 NFL draft by the New Orleans Saints. He played two seasons in the NFL with the Saints, in 1984 and 1985. He was waived by the Saints before the 1986 season. He was claimed of waivers by the Chicago Bears in June 1986 but never signed with the club and retired shortly later due to back injuries.

text:
# Tyrone Anthony

**Edward Tyrone Anthony** (born March 3, 1962) is an American former professional football player who was a running back in the National Football League (NFL). He played high school football at West Forsyth High School in Clemmons, North Carolina and college football for the North Carolina Tar Heels.

Following his college career, he was selected in the third round of the 1984 NFL draft by the New Orleans Saints. He played two seasons in the NFL with the Saints, in 1984 and 1985. He was waived by the Saints before the 1986 season. He was claimed of waivers by the Chicago Bears in June 1986 but never signed with the club and retired shortly later due to back injuries.

## InfoBox

Tyrone Anthony
| No. 22 | |
| --- | --- |
| Position: | Running back |
| Personal information | |
| Born: | (1962-03-03) March 3, 1962
Winston-Salem, North Carolina, U.S. |
| Height: | 5 ft 11 in (1.80 m) |
| Weight: | 212 lb (96 kg) |
| Career information | |
| High school: | West Forsyth
(Clemmons, North Carolina) |
| College: | North Carolina |
| NFL draft: | 1984 / round: 3 / pick: 69 |
| Career history | |
|  | |
| * Offseason and/or practice squad member only | |
|  | |
| Career NFL statistics | |
| Rushing yards: 170  Rushing average: 4.6  Receptions: 40  Receiving yards: 298  Touchdowns: 1 | |
|  | |
| Player stats at **PFR** | |
|  | |


title: Tyndale Bulletin

abstract: The Tyndale Bulletin is an academic journal published by Tyndale House in Cambridge, England. The publication began life as The Tyndale House Bulletin in the Summer of 1956, edited by Tyndale House's Librarian Andrew Walls. Sixteen issues of The Tyndale House Bulletin were produced and in 1966 it was replaced by an annual publication of 160 pages – the Tyndale Bulletin. The editor of the new publication was Alan R. Millard, while the first editorial board consisted of F.F. Bruce, Ralph P. Martin, Donald J. Wiseman, Derek Kidner, and Ronald Inchly. In 1989 the Bulletin became bi-annual, and from 2021 a pattern of rolling online publication of articles was adopted, with articles from each year subsequently collated in a single print volume. New articles, together with the full archive, are available on an open access basis at the Tyndale Bulletin website. In a survey of New Testament studies in Europe, Robert Yarbrough suggests that the Tyndale Bulletin "has for decades published cutting-edge research across the full range of New Testament topics." It is important to distinguish this journal from another of the same name as in 1945 the Inter-Varsity Fellowship (IVF) had renamed its Theological Notes as The Tyndale Bulletin. This publication was incorporated into The Christian Graduate in 1948.

text:
# Tyndale Bulletin

The ***Tyndale Bulletin*** is an academic journal published by Tyndale House in Cambridge, England. The publication began life as *The Tyndale House Bulletin* in the Summer of 1956, edited by Tyndale House's Librarian Andrew Walls. Sixteen issues of *The Tyndale House Bulletin* were produced and in 1966 it was replaced by an annual publication of 160 pages – the *Tyndale Bulletin*. The editor of the new publication was Alan R. Millard, while the first editorial board consisted of F.F. Bruce, Ralph P. Martin, Donald J. Wiseman, Derek Kidner, and Ronald Inchly. In 1989 (Volume 40) the *Bulletin* became bi-annual, and from 2021 (Volume 72) a pattern of rolling online publication of articles was adopted, with articles from each year subsequently collated in a single print volume. New articles, together with the full archive, are available on an open access basis at the *Tyndale Bulletin* website.

In a survey of New Testament studies in Europe, Robert Yarbrough suggests that the *Tyndale Bulletin* "has for decades published cutting-edge research across the full range of New Testament topics."

It is important to distinguish this journal from another of the same name as in 1945 the Inter-Varsity Fellowship (IVF) had renamed its *Theological Notes* (edited by Alan M. Stibbs and F.F. Bruce) as *The Tyndale Bulletin*. This publication was incorporated into *The Christian Graduate* in 1948.

## InfoBox

*Tyndale Bulletin*
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Discipline | Theology |
| Language | English |
| Publication details | |
| History | 1956-present |
| Publisher | Tyndale House |
| Frequency | Rolling/Annual |
| Standard abbreviations
 | |
| ISO 4 | *Tyndale Bull.* |
| Indexing
 | |
| ISSN | 0082-7118
 |
| OCLC no. | 3148240 |
| Links | |
|  | |


title: Tyndale Christian School, Sydney

abstract: Tyndale Christian School is an independent, non-denominational Christian, co-educational,early learning, primary and secondary day school, located in Blacktown, a suburb in Western Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. The school is named after William Tyndale, a 16th-century religious reformer and scholar who translated the Bible into the Early Modern English and was tried for heresy and treason and then strangled and burnt at the stake. The school has students from 38 different ethnic backgrounds covering 58 different language groups. The school is situated on 5.6 hectares in the south-west corner of Blacktown and is accessible by public bus routes and buses that Tyndale operates around the surrounding areas. As of 2021, the School had around 1,000 students from early learning, through Kindergarten to Year 12.

text:
# Tyndale Christian School, Sydney

**Tyndale** **Christian School** is an independent, non-denominational Christian, co-educational ,early learning, primary and secondary day school, located in Blacktown, a suburb in Western Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

The school is named after William Tyndale, a 16th-century religious reformer and scholar who translated the Bible into the Early Modern English and was tried for heresy and treason and then strangled and burnt at the stake. The school has students from 38 different ethnic backgrounds covering 58 different language groups. The school is situated on 5.6 hectares (14 acres) in the south-west corner of Blacktown and is accessible by public bus routes and buses that Tyndale operates around the surrounding areas. As of 2021, the School had around 1,000 students from early learning, through Kindergarten to Year 12.

## History and Governance

Tyndale's story began in 1957 when the Blacktown Reformed Church looked into the feasibility of starting a Parent Controlled Christian School in Blacktown. The Association for Christian Education of Blacktown Ltd (Association). Was formed in 1958. In February 1966 the Kildare Rd site was officially opened with 3 classrooms, 2 teachers and 32 students. At the time this site was educating students from Kindergarten to Year 6. In 1976 Tyndale expanded to offering high school education. It then developed and moved to the current Douglas Road site in 1979. In 1981 the first cohort of Year 12 students completed the NSW Higher School Certificate (NSW HSC). The early learning centre commenced with a preschool class in Term 2, 2008. The 2021 Year 12 cohort was the first to contain students who completed the whole of preschool to Year 12 at Tyndale.

Tyndale continues to operate as an independent school. Membership of the governing body (the Association) is open to any Christian committed to providing Christ-centred education who subscribes to the school's Educational Creed. The Association elects directors who are responsible for Tyndale's overall vision, direction, governance, and policies.

## Structure

The school is split into three educational areas: early learning centre (pre-school and prep), primary school, and secondary school.

### Early Learning Centre

There are three preschool classes catering for children from three years of age and one prep class operating 5 days per week.

### Primary

The Primary school consists of Kindergarten to Year 6 (K-6). There are four Kindergarten classes and three in each subsequent year group. Each class has children of similar age with the one class teacher.

### Secondary

The Secondary school consists of Year 7 to Year 12, which is then split into 2 areas: High (Year 7 and 8) and Senior (Year 9 to 12) working towards award of the NSW HSC.

## Notable alumni

## InfoBox

| Tyndale Christian School | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | |
|  | |
| 58 Douglas Road, Blacktown, western Sydney, New South Wales<br>Australia | |
| Coordinates | 33°46′55″S 150°53′09″E / 33.7819435°S 150.8858657°E / -33.7819435; 150.8858657 |
| Information | |
| Type | Independent co-educational early learning, primary and secondary day school |
| Motto | * Serve the Lord with Gladness * (Source: Psalm 100:2) |
| Denomination | Non-denominational Christian |
| Established | 1966 (1966) |
| Educational authority | NSW Department of Education |
| Principal | Rebecca Hall |
| Staff | 128 |
| Years | Early learning and K–12 |
| Enrolment | c.950 (2018) |
| Area | 5.6 hectares (14 acres) |
| Houses | * Carey * Knox * Wycliffe * Taylor |
| Colour(s) | Navy blue, maroon, white |
| Song | "Serve the Lord with Gladness" |
| Website | www.tyndale.edu.au |
|  | |


title: Tze Leung Lai

abstract: Tze Leung Lai was a Chinese-American statistician of Hong Kong descent. He was the Ray Lyman Wilbur Professor of Statistics, as well as a professor of Biomedical Data Science and of the Institute of Computational and Mathematical Engineering (ICME) at Stanford University. He co-directed the Center for Innovative Study Design (CISD) at the Stanford University School of Medicine. He was the recipient of the COPSS Presidents' Award, one of the highest honors in statistics, in 1983. He received his bachelor's degree from the University of Hong Kong in 1967. He received an M.A. in 1970 and a Ph.D. in 1971 in Mathematical Statistics from Columbia University. He supervised 79 doctoral theses and 7 postdoctoral trainees. He died on May 21, 2023.

text:
# Tze Leung Lai

**Tze Leung Lai** (June 28, 1945 – May 21, 2023) was a Chinese-American statistician of Hong Kong descent. He was the Ray Lyman Wilbur Professor of Statistics, as well as a professor of Biomedical Data Science and of the Institute of Computational and Mathematical Engineering (ICME) at Stanford University. He co-directed the Center for Innovative Study Design (CISD) at the Stanford University School of Medicine. He was the recipient of the COPSS Presidents' Award, one of the highest honors in statistics, in 1983.

He received his bachelor's degree from the University of Hong Kong in 1967. He received an M.A. in 1970 and a Ph.D. in 1971 in Mathematical Statistics from Columbia University.

He supervised 79 doctoral theses and 7 postdoctoral trainees.

He died on May 21, 2023.

## Honors and awards

He received the COPSS Presidents' Award in 1983. He was also awarded a Guggenheim fellowship the same year.

He was a fellow of the American Statistical Association (1986), the Institute of Mathematical Statistics, and Academia Sinica (1994).

## InfoBox

| Tze Leung Lai | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1945-06-28)June 28, 1945
Hong Kong |
| Died | May 21, 2023(2023-05-21) (aged 77) |
| Citizenship | United States |
| Education | University of Hong Kong
Columbia University |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Statistics |
| Institutions | Stanford University |
| Thesis | *Confidence Sequences and Martingales*  (1971) |
| Doctoral advisor | David Oliver Siegmund |
| Doctoral students | Yuguo Chen
Zhiliang Ying
Dylan Small |
|  | |
| Website | statweb.stanford.edu/~ckirby/lai/ |


title: UEFA Euro 1984 qualifying Group 7

abstract: Standings and results for Group 7 of the UEFA Euro 1984 qualifying tournament. Group 7 consisted of Iceland, Malta, Netherlands, Republic of Ireland and Spain. The group winners were Spain, who won the group ahead of the Netherlands on goals scored following a 12–1 win over Malta.

text:
# UEFA Euro 1984 qualifying Group 7

Standings and results for **Group 7** of the **UEFA Euro 1984 qualifying** tournament.

Group 7 consisted of Iceland, Malta, Netherlands, Republic of Ireland and Spain. The group winners were Spain, who won the group ahead of the Netherlands on goals scored following a 12–1 win over Malta.

## Final table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Spain | 8 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 24 | 8 | +16 | 13 | Qualify for final tournament |  |  | 1–0 | 2–0 | 1–0 | 12–1 |
| 2 | Netherlands | 8 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 22 | 6 | +16 | 13 |  |  | 2–1 |  | 2–1 | 3–0 | 5–0 |
| 3 | Republic of Ireland | 8 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 20 | 10 | +10 | | 9 |  | 3–3 | 2–3 |  | 2–0 | 8–0 |
| 4 | Iceland | 8 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 3 | 13 | 10 | | 3 |  | 0–1 | 1–1 | 0–3 |  | 1–0 |
| 5 | Malta | 8 | 1 | 0 | 7 | 5 | 37 | 32 | | 2 |  | 2–3 | 0–6 | 0–1 | 2–1 |  |

Source: UEFA
Rules for classification: Qualification tiebreakers

## Results

| Malta | 2–1 | Iceland |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Spiteri Gonzi  44'
Fabri  48' | Report | Geirsson  51' (pen.) |

Stadio Comunale Giovanni Celeste, MessinaAttendance: 1,271Referee: Pietro D'Elia (Italy)

---

| Iceland | 1–1 | Netherlands |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Eðvaldsson  49' | Report | Schoenaker  51' |

Laugardalsvöllur, ReykjavíkAttendance: 2,862Referee: Brian McGinlay (Scotland)

---

| Netherlands | 2–1 | Republic of Ireland |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Schoenaker  1'
Gullit  64' | Report | Daly  80' |

De Kuip, RotterdamAttendance: 20,498Referee: Ivan Gregr (Czechoslovakia)

---

| Republic of Ireland | 2–0 | Iceland |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Stapleton  36'
Grealish  75' | Report |  |

Lansdowne Road, DublinAttendance: 23,371Referee: Paul Rion (Luxembourg)

---

| Spain | 1–0 | Iceland |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Pedraza  60' | Report |  |

Estadio La Rosaleda, MálagaAttendance: 15,132Referee: Mario da Silva Luis (Portugal)

---

| Republic of Ireland | 3–3 | Spain |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Grimes  2'
Stapleton  64', 76' | Report | Maceda  31'
Martin  47' (o.g.)
Muñoz  60' |

Lansdowne Road, DublinAttendance: 35,088Referee: Jan Redelfs (West Germany)

---

| Malta | 0–6 | Netherlands |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report | Ophof  22' (pen.)
Van Kooten  25', 71'
Hovenkamp  34'
Schoenaker  39', 51' |

Tivoli Stadium, AachenAttendance: 15,634Referee: Dieter Pauly (West Germany)

---

| Spain | 1–0 | Netherlands |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Señor  44' (pen.) | Report |  |

Estadio Ramón Sánchez Pizjuán, SevilleAttendance: 30,499Referee: Paolo Bergamo (Italy)

---

| Malta | 0–1 | Republic of Ireland |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report | Stapleton  89' |

Ta' Qali National Stadium, Ta' QaliAttendance: 6,487Referee: Adolf Mathias (Austria)

---

| Spain | 2–0 | Republic of Ireland |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Santillana  51'
Rincón  89' | Report |  |

La Romareda, ZaragozaAttendance: 28,211Referee: Valeri Butenko (Soviet Union)

---

| Malta | 2–3 | Spain |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Busuttil  30', 47' | Report | Señor  21'
Carrasco  60'
Gordillo  84' |

Ta' Qali National Stadium, Ta' QaliAttendance: 7,732Referee: Evangelos Giannakoudakis (Greece)

---

| Iceland | 0–1 | Spain |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report | Maceda  9' |

Laugardalsvöllur, ReykjavíkAttendance: 7,055Referee: Ronald Bridges (Wales)

---

| Iceland | 1–0 | Malta |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Eðvaldsson  43' | Report |  |

Laugardalsvöllur, ReykjavíkAttendance: 5,718Referee: Alex Jacobsen (Denmark)

---

| Netherlands | 3–0 | Iceland |
| --- | --- | --- |
| R. Koeman  17'
Gullit  19'
Houtman  21' | Report |  |

Oosterpark Stadion, GroningenAttendance: 5,617Referee: Andrzej Libich (Poland)

---

| Iceland | 0–3 | Republic of Ireland |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report | Waddock  16'
Robinson  21'
Walsh  81' |

Laugardalsvöllur, ReykjavíkAttendance: 13,706Referee: Gérard Biguet (France)

---

| Republic of Ireland | 2–3 | Netherlands |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Waddock  7'
Brady  35' (pen.) | Report | Gullit  51', 76'
Van Basten  66' |

Dalymount Park, DublinAttendance: 26,406Referee: André Daina (Switzerland)

---

| Netherlands | 2–1 | Spain |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Houtman  26'
Gullit  63' | Report | Santillana  41' |

De Kuip, RotterdamAttendance: 49,915Referee: Michel Vautrot (France)

---

| Republic of Ireland | 8–0 | Malta |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Lawrenson  25', 63'
Stapleton  28' (pen.)
O'Callaghan  35'
Sheedy  74'
Brady  76', 84'
Daly  86' | Report |  |

Dalymount Park, DublinAttendance: 8,993Referee: Ole Amundsen (Denmark)

---

| Netherlands | 5–0 | Malta |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Vanenburg  19'
Wijnstekers  30'
Rijkaard  74', 90'
Houtman  79' | Report |  |

De Kuip, RotterdamAttendance: 53,027Referee: Klaus Peschel (East Germany)

---

| Spain | 12–1 | Malta |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report |  |

Estadio Benito Villamarín, SevilleAttendance: 18,871Referee: Erkan Göksel (Turkey)

## Goalscorers

There were 74 goals scored in 20 matches, for an average of 3.7 goals per match.

**6 goals**

**5 goals**

**4 goals**

**3 goals**

**2 goals**

**1 goal**

**1 own goal**


title: UEFA Euro 1988

abstract: The 1988 UEFA European Football Championship final tournament was held in West Germany from 10 to 25 June 1988. It was the eighth UEFA European Championship, which is held every four years and supported by UEFA. France were the defending champions, but failed to qualify. The tournament crowned the Netherlands as European champions for the first time. Euro 88 was a rare instance of a major football tournament ending without a single sending-off or goalless draw, nor any knockout matches going to extra time or penalties. Euro 1988 was the final European Championship to see teams from West Germany and the Soviet Union, as the West and East Germans reunified to become Germany in 1990, and the Soviet Union disintegrated into 15 countries in 1991.

text:
# UEFA Euro 1988

The **1988 UEFA European Football Championship** final tournament was held in West Germany from 10 to 25 June 1988. It was the eighth UEFA European Championship, which is held every four years and supported by UEFA.

France were the defending champions, but failed to qualify.

The tournament crowned the Netherlands as European champions for the first time. Euro 88 was a rare instance of a major football tournament ending without a single sending-off or goalless draw, nor any knockout matches going to extra time or penalties. Euro 1988 was the final European Championship to see teams from West Germany and the Soviet Union, as the West and East Germans reunified to become Germany in 1990, and the Soviet Union disintegrated into 15 countries in 1991.

## Bid process

West Germany won the right to host the tournament with five votes ahead of a joint bid from Norway, Sweden and Denmark, which earned one vote, and a bid from England.

Because the Eastern Bloc disagreed that West Berlin was part of the Federal Republic of Germany, the German Football Association ruled out playing Championship matches in West Berlin. This secured the participation of Eastern European members of UEFA. In the 1974 FIFA World Cup, however, West Berlin had hosted three games.

As a compromise, Berlin Olympic Stadium did host a Four Nations Tournament in 1988, with West Germany playing against the Soviet Union, Argentina and Sweden.

## Overview

### Group matches

The first group pitted two pre-tournament favourites West Germany and Italy together, along with Spain and Denmark. The West German team had won the 1980 European Championship and were the runners-up in each of the last two World Cups in 1982 and 1986, although in 1984 they failed to qualify from their group. With such results and additionally as the host they were commonly considered the main favourite of the tournament.

The Italians had not played at Euro 1984, though they had finished fourth in the 1980 tournament, for which they were the hosts; they had also won the 1982 World Cup, albeit followed by a middling performance in 1986. Spain and Denmark contested the second semi-final of the 1984 edition, in which Spain prevailed on penalty-kicks, but then lost the final to hosts, France (who failed to qualify in 1988). Both Spain and Denmark played in the 1986 World Cup, and met there again, in a Round of 16 match of the knockout stage which Spain won 5–1.

The Germans and Italians played out the opening game. This game was tightly contested. Roberto Mancini capitalised on a defensive error on the left-hand side of the German goal and the striker squeezed in a shot from a tight angle low to the left corner. Just three minutes later, Italy's goalkeeper, Walter Zenga was penalised for taking more than four steps with the ball and Andreas Brehme scored the resulting free-kick from the edge of the penalty area with a low shot to the right corner. Both teams settled for a 1–1 draw.

Spain defeated Denmark again, this time 3–2. Míchel opened the scoring after five minutes with a shot to the left corner from inside the penalty area and Michael Laudrup equalised 20 minutes later with a left foot shot from the edge of the penalty area to the left corner. Spain dominated the next hour and Emilio Butragueño scored with a low shot through the goalkeepers legs and then Rafael Gordillo putting the Spanish 3–1 to the good with a free-kick which deceived the goalkeeper. A late surge saw Flemming Povlsen reduce the scoreline with a header in off the left post, but was not enough for the Danes, who now needed to win both their remaining games to be certain of a place in the semi-finals.

In the remaining games the West Germans swept aside the Danes and Spanish. Jürgen Klinsmann and Olaf Thon scored to dispatch the former 2–0 while two goals from Rudi Völler were enough to beat Spain 2–0. The second goal was particularly notable. Lothar Matthäus ran 40 yards into the Spanish penalty box before back-heeling the ball for the oncoming Völler, following up his run, to strike the ball with the outside of his foot and into the corner of the goal.

The Italians won a difficult match against the Spanish 1–0, courtesy of a goal from Gianluca Vialli, a low cross-shot to the net on 73 minutes. In the last game, against an already eliminated Denmark, the Italians prevailed 2–0.

The second group witnessed a surprising set of results. In the opening game, one of the pre-tournament favourites England lost 1–0 to Ireland. Ray Houghton scored a looping header after six minutes after the English defence failed to clear a cross. The English applied strong pressure as the game wore on. Gary Lineker was unusually sluggish, missing a series of chances and hitting the crossbar – he was later diagnosed with hepatitis B. In the other opening game, the Soviet Union defeated the Netherlands 1–0 through a Vasyl Rats goal, despite the Dutch dominating for long periods.

England met the Netherlands in Düsseldorf; both needed to win. England started strongly with Lineker hitting a post and Glenn Hoddle striking the post with a free-kick. The English defence, weakened by the absence of Terry Butcher, conceded the first of three goals to Marco van Basten on 44 minutes. Van Basten turned Butcher's replacement Tony Adams and beat Peter Shilton – playing his 100th game for England – to give his side a 1–0 lead. England rallied after the break. Lineker and Bryan Robson exchanged a kick one-two pass allowing Robson to burst into the box and lift the ball over Hans van Breukelen after 53 minutes. The score remained until Van Basten turned Tony Adams inside out to finish from 18 yards on 71 minutes. The striker pounced from close-range after a corner to seal a 3–1 win four minutes later.

The Irish and Soviets led the group after two games through a 1–1 draw in Hanover. Ronnie Whelan scored a spectacular left-foot volley from 18 yards to put the Irish into the lead. Oleh Protasov equalised with a low shot as the Soviets exerted late pressure.

Needing to defeat the Irish to progress, the Dutch won the game 1–0 through a late Wim Kieft goal. The ball deflected into his path and he delivered a looping header which spun into the right corner of the Irish net with nine minutes remaining just after Paul McGrath hit a Dutch post with a header. In the other game, the Soviets soundly thrashed England. A mistake from Hoddle allowed Sergei Aleinikov to score after three minutes. Adams equalised and England had chances to go ahead, but a goal before half-time and late in the game assured the Soviet Union would finish in first place in the group.

### Semi-finals and final

The first semi-final was significant as rivals West Germany played the Netherlands. It was only the third time the two sides had faced each other since the 1974 FIFA World Cup Final; the West Germans winning a first round match in the 1980 European Championship, and a 2–2 draw in a 1978 FIFA World Cup second round group match. The game was tight, and the West Germans broke the deadlock on 55 minutes with a Matthäus penalty after a foul on Klinsmann. The lead was held for 20 minutes until Jürgen Kohler brought down Van Basten. Ronald Koeman converted the spot-kick to level the match. With the match headed for extra time, a through ball caught the Germans out and Van Basten finished clinically with a shot as he slid along the floor, beating the goalkeeper and Kohler to the ball in the 88th minute for a 2–1 win. It gave the Dutch their first competitive victory against the Germans and the first appearance in the competition's final. The victory was marred by the reaction of Dutch defender Koeman who wiped the shirt of Olaf Thon, given to him after the match, on his backside in front of the German fans. The player apologised afterwards.

The other semi-final was another unpredictable result. Italy were strong favourites to reach the final and had beaten the Soviets 4–1 in a friendly just two months earlier. Despite controlling the play and having the majority of the chances, the Italians were undone by poor finishing and a strong, tough opposition who sought to stop their more skilful opponents from playing through hard tackles and a defensive strategy. The hard work-rate of the Soviets paid off and in just four second-half minutes, counter-attacks saw two goals from Hennadiy Lytovchenko and Oleg Protasov. The first one from Lytovchenko was initially blocked, but with quick reactions he beat Franco Baresi to the ball to fire the second shot into the far corner. The second from Protasov was a looping shot that floated over Zenga for a 2–0 victory. It would be the Soviet Union's fourth appearance in a European Championship final.

The final was played on 25 June between the Soviet Union, in what would turn out to be the nation's last European Championship match, and the Netherlands at the Olympiastadion in Munich. The Dutch won the match 2–0, with goals by captain Ruud Gullit and tournament top scorer Marco van Basten. Hans van Breukelen blocked a low penalty shot of Igor Belanov. Van Basten's goal, a sharply hit volley across the goal off an incoming looping pass, would later be described as one of the greatest goals in the history of the European Championships.

## Qualification

### Qualified teams

Seven countries had to qualify for the final stage. West Germany qualified automatically as hosts of the event. The Republic of Ireland qualified for the first time for any major tournament. The holders, France, failed to qualify despite finishing third in the 1986 World Cup. As of 2024, this is the last time that France failed to qualify for the European Championship finals, and since the conversion to a group stage in the finals tournament, this remains the only time the previous tournament winners failed to qualify for the next competition. Other notable absentees were Belgium (the 1980 runners-up and 1986 FIFA World Cup semi-finalists) and Portugal (semi-finalists of Euro 1984). The following eight teams qualified for the final tournament:

| Team | Qualified as | Qualified on | Previous appearances
in tournament |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| West Germany | Host | 14 March 1985 | 4 (**1972**, 1976, **1980**, 1984) |
| Denmark | Group 6 winner | 14 October 1987 | 2 (1964, 1984) |
| Soviet Union | Group 3 winner | 28 October 1987 | 4 (**1960**, 1964, 1968, 1972) |
| England | Group 4 winner | 11 November 1987 | 2 (1968, 1980) |
| Republic of Ireland | Group 7 winner | 11 November 1987 | 0 (debut) |
| Italy | Group 2 winner | 14 November 1987 | 2 (***1968***, *1980*) |
| Spain | Group 1 winner | 18 November 1987 | 3 (***1964***, 1980, 1984) |
| Netherlands | Group 5 winner | 9 December 1987 | 2 (1976, 1980) |

| Group 1 West Germany  Italy  Denmark  Spain | Group 2 England  Republic of Ireland  Netherlands  Soviet Union |
| --- | --- |

## Venues

| MunichGelsenkirchenHamburgFrankfurtDüsseldorfHanoverStuttgartCologne | | Munich | Gelsenkirchen |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Olympiastadion | Parkstadion |
| | Capacity: **69,256** | Capacity: **70,748** |
| |  |  |
| | Hamburg | Frankfurt |
| | Volksparkstadion | Waldstadion |
| | Capacity: **61,330** | Capacity: **61,056** |
| |  |  |
| Düsseldorf | Hanover | Stuttgart | Cologne |
| Rheinstadion | Niedersachsenstadion | Neckarstadion | Müngersdorfer Stadion |
| Capacity: **68,400** | Capacity: **60,366** | Capacity: **70,705** | Capacity: **60,584** |
|  |  |  |  |

## Squads

Each national team had to submit a squad of 20 players.

## Match officials

| Country | Referee | Linesmen | | Matches refereed |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Austria | Horst Brummeier | Heinz Holzmann | Helmut Kohl | Republic of Ireland–Netherlands (group 2) |
| Belgium | Alexis Ponnet | Frans Van Den Wijngaert | Jean-François Crucke | Soviet Union–Italy (semi-finals) |
| East Germany | Siegfried Kirschen | Klaus Peschel | Manfred Roßner | England–Republic of Ireland (group 2) |
| England | Keith Hackett | Neil Midgley | Brian Hill | West Germany–Italy (group 1) |
| France | Michel Vautrot | Gérard Biguet | Rémi Harrel | West Germany–Spain (group 1)
Soviet Union–Netherlands (final) |
| Italy | Paolo Casarin | Carlo Longhi | Pierluigi Magni | England–Netherlands (group 2) |
| Netherlands | Bep Thomas | John Blankenstein | Jacob van der Niet | Denmark–Spain (group 1) |
| Portugal | José Rosa dos Santos | José Francisco Conceição Silva | Fortunato Alves de Azevedo | England–Soviet Union (group 2) |
| Romania | Ioan Igna | Ștefan Dan Petrescu | Ion Crăciunescu | West Germany–Netherlands (semi-finals) |
| Scotland | Bob Valentine | Kenny Hope | Andrew Waddell | West Germany–Denmark (group 1) |
| Spain | Emilio Soriano Aladrén | José Donato Pes Pérez | José Mauro Socorro González | Republic of Ireland–Soviet Union (group 2) |
| Sweden | Erik Fredriksson | Bo Karlsson | Christer Drottz | Italy–Spain (group 1) |
| Switzerland | Bruno Galler | Renzo Peduzzi | Philippe Mercier | Italy–Denmark (group 1) |
| West Germany | Dieter Pauly | Karl-Heinz Tritschler | Aron Schmidhuber | Netherlands–Soviet Union (group 2) |

**Fourth officials**

| Country | Fourth officials |
| --- | --- |
| Poland | Michał Listkiewicz |
| West Germany | Karl-Josef Assenmacher |
| West Germany | Werner Föckler |
| West Germany | Wolf-Günter Wiesel |

## Group stage

The teams finishing in the top two of each group progressed to the semi-finals.

*All times are local, CEST (UTC+2).*

### Tiebreakers

If two or more teams finished level on points after completion of the group matches, the following tie-breakers were used to determine the final ranking:

1. Goal difference in all group matches
2. Greater number of goals scored in all group matches
3. Drawing of lots

### Group 1

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | West Germany (H) | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 1 | +4 | 5 | Advance to knockout stage |
| 2 | Italy | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 1 | +3 | | 5 |
| 3 | Spain | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 2 |  |
| 4 | Denmark | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 7 | 5 | | 0 |

Source: UEFA
(H) Hosts

| West Germany | 1–1 | Italy |
| --- | --- | --- |
| * Brehme  55' | Report |  |

Rheinstadion, DüsseldorfAttendance: 62,552Referee: Keith Hackett (England)

| Denmark | 2–3 | Spain |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report |  |

Niedersachsenstadion, HanoverAttendance: 55,707Referee: Bep Thomas (Netherlands)

---

| West Germany | 2–0 | Denmark |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report |  |

Parkstadion, GelsenkirchenAttendance: 64,812Referee: Bob Valentine (Scotland)

| Italy | 1–0 | Spain |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report |  |

Waldstadion, FrankfurtAttendance: 47,506Referee: Erik Fredriksson (Sweden)

---

| West Germany | 2–0 | Spain |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report |  |

Olympiastadion, MunichAttendance: 63,802Referee: Michel Vautrot (France)

| Italy | 2–0 | Denmark |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report |  |

Müngersdorfer Stadion, CologneAttendance: 53,951Referee: Bruno Galler (Switzerland)

### Group 2

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Soviet Union | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 2 | +3 | 5 | Advance to knockout stage |
| 2 | Netherlands | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 2 | +2 | | 4 |
| 3 | Republic of Ireland | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 3 |  |
| 4 | England | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 7 | 5 | | 0 |

Source: UEFA

| England | 0–1 | Republic of Ireland |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report |  |

Neckarstadion, StuttgartAttendance: 51,373Referee: Siegfried Kirschen (East Germany)

| Netherlands | 0–1 | Soviet Union |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report |  |

Müngersdorfer Stadion, CologneAttendance: 54,336Referee: Dieter Pauly (West Germany)

---

| England | 1–3 | Netherlands |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report |  |

Rheinstadion, DüsseldorfAttendance: 63,940Referee: Paolo Casarin (Italy)

| Republic of Ireland | 1–1 | Soviet Union |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report |  |

Niedersachsenstadion, HanoverAttendance: 38,308Referee: Emilio Soriano Aladrén (Spain)

---

| England | 1–3 | Soviet Union |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report |  |

Waldstadion, FrankfurtAttendance: 48,335Referee: José Rosa dos Santos (Portugal)

| Republic of Ireland | 0–1 | Netherlands |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report |  |

Parkstadion, GelsenkirchenAttendance: 64,731Referee: Horst Brummeier (Austria)

## Knockout stage

In the knockout phase, extra time would be played if scores were level after 90 minutes, and a penalty shoot-out if teams could not be separated after the additional period.

### Bracket

### Semi-finals

| West Germany | 1–2 | Netherlands |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report |  |

Volksparkstadion, HamburgAttendance: 56,115Referee: Ioan Igna (Romania)

---

| Soviet Union | 2–0 | Italy |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report |  |

Neckarstadion, StuttgartAttendance: 61,606Referee: Alexis Ponnet (Belgium)

### Final

| Soviet Union | 0–2 | Netherlands |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report |  |

Olympiastadion, MunichAttendance: 62,770Referee: Michel Vautrot (France)

## Statistics

### Goalscorers

There were 34 goals scored in 15 matches, for an average of 2.27 goals per match.

**5 goals**

**2 goals**

**1 goal**

### Awards

UEFA Team of the Tournament

| Goalkeeper | Defenders | Midfielders | Forwards |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Hans van Breukelen | Giuseppe Bergomi
Paolo Maldini
Ronald Koeman
Frank Rijkaard | Giuseppe Giannini
Jan Wouters
Lothar Matthäus | Gianluca Vialli
Ruud Gullit
Marco van Basten |

1. Dietrich Schulze-Marmeling: Die Geschichte der Fußball-Europameisterschaft, Verlag Die Werkstatt, ISBN 978-3-89533-553-2
2. Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation: Four Nations Tournament (West-Berlin, West Germany 1988)
3. Smyth, Rob. "On Second Thoughts: Rob Smyth on England at Euro 88". *The Guardian*. Retrieved 24 June 2016.
4. "When Saturday Comes - Classic matches ~ England v USSR, Euro 68 & 88". *Wsc.co.uk*. 9 July 2012. Retrieved 24 June 2016.
5. Humphrey, Jake. "Which is the best Euro Goal Ever?". *BBC Sport*. Retrieved 23 October 2008.
6. "10 Greatest Goals in the European Championships". *FourFourTwo*. Haymarket Media Group. 8 May 2008. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
7. Magowan, Alistair (12 May 2012). "Euro 1988: Valery Lobanovsky's last stand for Soviet Union". *BBC Sport*. Retrieved 17 June 2012.
8. "European Football Championship 1988 FINAL". *euro2000.org*. Union of European Football Associations. Archived from the original on 17 August 2000. Retrieved 26 December 2017.
9. "UEFA 1988 Team of the Tournament". *UEFA.com*. Retrieved 18 March 2015.

## InfoBox

1988 UEFA European Football Championship
| Fußball-Europameisterschaft
Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1988 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Tournament details | |
| Host country | West Germany |
| Dates | 10–25 June |
| Teams | 8 |
| Venue(s) | 8 (in 8 host cities) |
| Final positions | |
| Champions | Netherlands (1st title) |
| Runners-up | Soviet Union |
| Tournament statistics | |
| Matches played | 15 |
| Goals scored | 34 (2.27 per match) |
| Attendance | 849,844 (56,656 per match) |
| Top scorer(s) | Marco van Basten (5 goals) |
|


title: UEFA Euro 1984 qualifying Group 6

abstract: Standings and results for Group 6 of the UEFA Euro 1984 qualifying tournament. Group 6 consisted of Albania, Austria, Northern Ireland, Turkey and defending champions West Germany. Group winners were West Germany, who won the group ahead of Northern Ireland on goal difference.

text:
# UEFA Euro 1984 qualifying Group 6

Standings and results for **Group 6** of the **UEFA Euro 1984 qualifying** tournament.

Group 6 consisted of Albania, Austria, Northern Ireland, Turkey and defending champions West Germany. Group winners were West Germany, who won the group ahead of Northern Ireland on goal difference.

## Final table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | West Germany | 8 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 15 | 5 | +10 | 11 | Qualify for final tournament |  |  | 0–1 | 3–0 | 5–1 | 2–1 |
| 2 | Northern Ireland | 8 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 8 | 5 | +3 | 11 |  |  | 1–0 |  | 3–1 | 2–1 | 1–0 |
| 3 | Austria | 8 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 15 | 10 | +5 | | 9 |  | 0–0 | 2–0 |  | 4–0 | 5–0 |
| 4 | Turkey | 8 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 8 | 16 | 8 | | 7 |  | 0–3 | 1–0 | 3–1 |  | 1–0 |
| 5 | Albania | 8 | 0 | 2 | 6 | 4 | 14 | 10 | | 2 |  | 1–2 | 0–0 | 1–2 | 1–1 |  |

Source: UEFA
Rules for classification: Qualification tiebreakers

## Results

| Austria | 5–0 | Albania |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Hagmayr  24'
Gasselich  40'
Kola  63' (o.g.)
Weber  66'
Brauneder  81' | (Details) |  |

Gerhard Hanappi Stadium, ViennaAttendance: 9,111Referee: Yordan Zhezhov (Bulgaria)

---

| Austria | 2–0 | Northern Ireland |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Schachner  3', 39' | (Details) |  |

Praterstadion, ViennaAttendance: 9,885Referee: Valeri Butenko (Soviet Union)

---

| Turkey | 1–0 | Albania |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Kocabıyık  86' | (Details) |  |

Atatürk Stadium, İzmirAttendance: 27,702Referee: Ioan Igna (Romania)

---

| Austria | 4–0 | Turkey |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Polster  10'
Pezzey  34'
Prohaska  38' (pen.)
Schachner  53' | (Details) |  |

Gerhard Hanappi Stadium, ViennaAttendance: 9,614Referee: Aleksander Suchanek (Poland)

---

| Northern Ireland | 1–0 | West Germany |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Stewart  18' | (Details) |  |

Windsor Park, BelfastAttendance: 20,522Referee: Rolf Nyhus (Norway)

---

| Albania | 0–0 | Northern Ireland |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | (Details) |  |

Qemal Stafa, TiranaAttendance: 16,898Referee: André Daina (Switzerland)

---

| Albania | 1–2 | West Germany |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Targaj  82' (pen.) | (Details) | Völler  53'
Rummenigge  68' (pen.) |

Qemal Stafa, TiranaAttendance: 19,550Referee: Gianfranco Menegali (Italy)

| Northern Ireland | 2–1 | Turkey |
| --- | --- | --- |
| M.O'Neill  5'
McClelland  18' | (Details) | Şengün  55' |

Windsor Park, BelfastAttendance: 15,093Referee: Alain Delmer (France)

---

| Turkey | 0–3 | West Germany |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | (Details) | Rummenigge  30' (pen.), 71'
Dremmler  36' |

Atatürk Stadium, İzmirAttendance: 59,637Referee: Vojtech Christov (Czechoslovakia)

---

| Austria | 0–0 | West Germany |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | (Details) |  |

Praterstadion, ViennaAttendance: 60,430Referee: Brian McGinlay (Scotland)

---

| Northern Ireland | 1–0 | Albania |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Stewart  54' | (Details) |  |

Windsor Park, BelfastAttendance: 10,612Referee: Ib Nielsen (Denmark)

---

| Albania | 1–1 | Turkey |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Çetiner  73' (o.g.) | (Details) | Tekin  34' |

Qemal Stafa, TiranaAttendance: 15,678Referee: Mircea-Lucian Salomir (Romania)

---

| Albania | 1–2 | Austria |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Targaj  84' | (Details) | Schachner  5', 58' |

Qemal Stafa, TiranaAttendance: 15,139Referee: Laszlo Padar (Hungary)

---

| Northern Ireland | 3–1 | Austria |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Hamilton  28'
Whiteside  67'
M.O'Neill  89' | (Details) | Gasselich  83' |

Windsor Park, BelfastAttendance: 18,013Referee: Erik Fredriksson (Sweden)

---

| West Germany | 3–0 | Austria |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Rummenigge  3'
Völler  18', 20' | (Details) |  |

Parkstadion, GelsenkirchenAttendance: 65,496Referee: Luigi Agnolin (Italy)

---

| Turkey | 1–0 | Northern Ireland |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Yula  17' | (Details) |  |

19 Mayıs Stadium, AnkaraAttendance: 21,096Referee: Romualdas Yushka (Soviet Union)

---

| West Germany | 5–1 | Turkey |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Völler  44', 65'
Rummenigge  60', 74' (pen.)
Stielike  66' | (Details) | Şengün  69' |

Olympiastadion, BerlinAttendance: 30,457Referee: Edvard Sostarić (Yugoslavia)

---

| Turkey | 3–1 | Austria |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Tüfekçi  62'
Yula  69', 76' (pen.) | (Details) | Baumeister  71' |

Ali Sami Yen Stadium, IstanbulAttendance: 21,310Referee: Roger Schoeters (Belgium)

| West Germany | 0–1 | Northern Ireland |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | (Details) | Whiteside  50' |

Volksparkstadion, HamburgAttendance: 58,441Referee: Károly Palotai (Hungary)

---

| West Germany | 2–1 | Albania |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Rummenigge  23'
Strack  79' | (Details) | Tomorri  22' |

Ludwigsparkstadion, SaarbrückenAttendance: 37,560Referee: Anders Mattsson (Finland)

## Goalscorers

There were 50 goals scored in 20 matches, for an average of 2.5 goals per match.

**7 goals**

**5 goals**

**2 goals**

**1 goal**

**1 own goal**


title: Tōrere

abstract: Tōrere, also written Torere, is a small coastal settlement in the Ōpōtiki District of the Bay of Plenty Region on New Zealand's North Island. It is about 20 km (12 mi) by road north-east of the town of Ōpōtiki. Neighburing localities include Opape to the south-west and Hāwai to the north-east. Tōrere is the ancestral home of the Ngāitai people.

text:
# Tōrere

**Tōrere**, also written **Torere**, is a small coastal settlement in the Ōpōtiki District of the Bay of Plenty Region on New Zealand's North Island. It is about 20 km (12 mi) by road north-east of the town of Ōpōtiki. Neighburing localities include Opape to the south-west and Hāwai to the north-east. Tōrere is the ancestral home of the Ngāitai people.

## History

Tōrere was one of the earliest places visited by the *Tainui* migratory waka. Traditional histories tell of Tōrere-nui-ā-rua, eldest daughter of Hoturoa, disembarking from the waka to get away from the advances of a man on the canoe. While ashore, Tōrere wed a local rangatira, Manaakiao. Their descendants became known as the Ngāitai people, and the area was named after Tōrere-nui-ā-rua.

The bodies of two girls washed ashore at Torere in 1900. They were among 16 children and two adults who had drowned while crossing the Mōtū River days earlier.

The body of a 54-year-old woman washed ashore at Torere in 2017.

A hui, held in Torere in August 2018, found locals were opposed to a national Māori Battalion Museum being established at Waitangi to commemorate local men who served or died during World War II.

## Marae

Tōrere has a marae. It includes the Holy Trinity Memorial Church, a 1950s church decorated with carved pillars, tukutuku panels and stained-glass windows. Its World War II Roll of Honour includes the names of almost 40 local men who served in the Māori Battalion, including eight killed in action.

## Education

Te Kura o Torere is a co-educational Māori immersion primary school, with a roll of 24 as of August 2024. It was established on 27 February 1878 as a Māori school with fifteen pupils. It functioned as a post office, telephone exchange and birth, death and marriage registry during the early 19th century. It became a general school in 1969, then a Māori immersion school in 2001. It features a carved gateway.

## Economy

One of the area's largest businesses is Torere Macadamias, an organic macadamia farm established on land not suited to other forms of agriculture. The farm featured on *Country Calendar* in 2017. Macadamia research from the farm has been presented at the University of Hawaii. The farm is a major global producer of macadamias and related products.

37°56′59″S 177°29′23″E / 37.949798°S 177.489642°E / -37.949798; 177.489642


title: Tōrei Enji

abstract: Tōrei Enji (東嶺円慈) was an eminent Japanese Zen Buddhist monk, teacher, author, painter and calligrapher. He was the chief disciple and heir of famed Japanese Rinzai master Hakuin Ekaku (1685–1786). He wrote an influential text on Zen practice called "The Undying Lamp of Zen", which gives an overview of Hakuin's views and practices with regard to the Buddhist path.

text:
# Tōrei Enji

**Tōrei Enji** (東嶺円慈) (8 May 1721 - 10 April 1792) was an eminent Japanese Zen Buddhist monk, teacher, author, painter and calligrapher. He was the chief disciple and heir of famed Japanese Rinzai master Hakuin Ekaku (1685–1786). He wrote an influential text on Zen practice called "The Undying Lamp of Zen" (*Shūmon mujintō ron*), which gives an overview of Hakuin's views and practices with regard to the Buddhist path.

## Biography

Tōrei born in Kazaki, Shiga prefecture. When he was 5 years old, he met the respected Zen master Kogetsu Zenzai (1667–1751). This inspired him to begin his studies at a local monastery at the age of 9. When he was 17 he went to Daikō-ji in Kyushu, where he was ordained as a Buddhist monk by Kogetsu Zenzai. Under the direction of Kogetsu, Tōrei attained his first kenshō.

After this experience, he set out on a pilgrimage to various Japanese monasteries. In 1743, Kogetsu suggested that he should visit Shōin-ji, where Tōrei was to meet the great Rinzai master Hakuin Ekaku and study Zen with him.

Tōrei stayed with Hakuin until he received a message from home about his mother's illness. He looked after her for two years until her death.

After his mother's death, he went to a small hermitage in Kyoto, where he undertook a very rigorous and ascetic training, which ended with a deep realization. However, as a result of practicing in cold conditions he developed of tuberculosis. Unsure if he would survive, he decided to write the text *Shūmon mujintō ron* (The inexhaustible lamp of Zen). He was thirty years old at the time. After he was finished, his health had improved. He sent the text to Hakuin who wrote back saying that it was an excellent introduction to Zen practice. The work presents the Zen path according to the Rinzai tradition of Hakuin and attempts to promote the unity of all Buddhist schools under the Ekayana (One Vehicle) view of Zen. His work also attempts to reconcile Zen Buddhism with Confucianism, Shintoism and Taoism.

After his health improved, Tōrei began a teaching career that would last for 40 years. He received Hakuin's robe and thus became his principle Dharma heir.

After Hakuin's death, Tōrei retired to Ryutaku-ji and he remained there for twenty years overseeing its restoration. Towards the end of his life Tōrei returned to a small temple in his hometown, where he died in 1792.

## Influence

All contemporary Rinzai-lineages stem from Hakuin and Torei, through Gasan Jitō (1727–1797) and his students Inzan Ien (1751–1814) and Takuju Kosen (1760–1833). Gasan is considered to be a dharma heir of Hakuin, though "he did not belong to the close circle of disciples and was probably not even one of Hakuin's dharma heirs," studying with Hakuin but completing his koan-training with Tōrei Enji.

## Sources

* Dumoulin, Heinrich (2005), *Zen Buddhism: A History. Volume 2: Japan*, World Wisdom Books, ISBN 9780941532907
* McDaniel, Richard Bryan (2013), *Zen Masters of Japan. The Second Step East*, Tuttle Publishing
* Stevens, John (1999), *Zen Masters. A Maverick, a Master of Masters, and a Wandering Poet. Ikkyu, Hakuin, Ryokan.*, Kodansha International


title: U.S. Naval Station (Key West, Florida)

abstract: The U.S. Naval Station in Key West, Florida, United States is a historic district that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. It is a 12-acre (4.9 ha) district roughly bounded by Whitehead, Eaton, and Caroline Streets. It included 23 structures built during 1845–1923, one built in 1942, four fresh water cisterns and four elevated storage tanks. The Naval Station included an area known as the Truman Annex, an area including officer's quarters and the "Little White House" where President Harry S Truman occasionally vacationed.

text:
# U.S. Naval Station (Key West, Florida)

The **U.S. Naval Station** in Key West, Florida, United States is a historic district that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.

It is a 12-acre (4.9 ha) district roughly bounded by Whitehead, Eaton, and Caroline Streets. It included 23 structures built during 1845–1923, one built in 1942, four fresh water cisterns and four elevated storage tanks.

The Naval Station included an area known as the Truman Annex, an area including officer's quarters and the "Little White House" where President Harry S Truman occasionally vacationed.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| US Naval Station | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| Little White House, part of the U.S Naval Station | |
|  | |
| Location | Roughly bounded by Whitehead, Eaton, and Caroline Sts., Key West, Florida |
| Coordinates | 24°32′51″N 81°48′37″W / 24.54750°N 81.81028°W / 24.54750; -81.81028 |
| Area | 12 acres (4.9 ha) |
| Built | 1845 |
| Architectural style | Classical Revival |
| NRHP reference No. | 84000915 |
| Added to NRHP | May 8, 1984 |


title: UGPS J072227.51−054031.2

abstract: UGPS J072227.51−054031.2 is a brown dwarf of late T type, or possibly a rogue planet located approximately 4.1 parsecs from Earth.

text:
# UGPS J072227.51−054031.2

**UGPS J072227.51−054031.2** (designation often abbreviated to **UGPS 0722−05**) is a brown dwarf of late T type, or possibly a rogue planet located approximately 4.1 parsecs (13 light-years) from Earth.

## History of observations

### Discovery

The astronomical object was discovered by Philip Lucas at the University of Hertfordshire and announced in 2010. The discovery image was taken on 28 November 2006 by the UKIRT Infrared Deep Sky Survey (UKIDSS) with a recovery image confirming the object's proper motion on 2 March 2010. The reported distance is derived from the current measured parallax of 246 milliarcseconds. The object was initially reported to be at an even closer distance of 2.9 parsecs, which would have placed it among the ten nearest stars to the Sun but later measurements revealed that the object was in fact located at a greater distance than initially thought, at 4.1+0.6
0.5 parsecs.

## Space motion

UGPS 0722−05 has proper motion of about 970 milliarcseconds per year.

Radial velocity of UGPS 0722-05, measured by Bochanski *et al.* and published in 2011, is 46.9 ± 2.5 km/s.

## Properties

The object is roughly the volume of Jupiter, but is estimated to have 5–40 Jupiter masses (MJ). This would make it less massive than ε Indi Ba. Planets have a mass of less than about 13 Jupiter masses. Infrared spectra shows the object contains water vapor and methane and has a surface temperature of approximately 480–560 kelvins.

1. Lucas, P. W.; Tinney, C. G.; Burningham, B.; Leggett, S. K.; Pinfield, D. J.; et al. (2010). "The discovery of a very cool, very nearby brown dwarf in the Galactic plane". *Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society*. **408** (1): L56–L60. arXiv:1004.0317. Bibcode:2010MNRAS.408L..56L. doi:10.1111/j.1745-3933.2010.00927.x. S2CID 16032606.
2. Cushing, Michael C.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Gelino, Christopher R.; Griffith, Roger L.; Skrutskie, Michael F.; Mainzer, A.; Marsh, Kenneth A.; Beichman, Charles A.; Burgasser, Adam J.; Prato, Lisa A.; Simcoe, Robert A.; Marley, Mark S.; Saumon, D.; Freedman, Richard S.; Eisenhardt, Peter R.; Wright, Edward L. (2011). "The Discovery of Y Dwarfs using Data from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE)". *The Astrophysical Journal*. **743** (1): 50. arXiv:1108.4678. Bibcode:2011ApJ...743...50C. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/743/1/50. S2CID 286881.
3. Leggett, Sandy K.; Saumon, Didier; Marley, Mark S.; Lodders, Katharina; Canty, J.; Lucas, Philip W.; Smart, Richard L.; Tinney, Chris G.; Homeier, Derek; Allard, France; Burningham, Ben; Day-Jones, Avril; Fegley, Bruce; Ishii, Miki; Jones, Hugh R. A.; Marocco, Federico; Pinfield, David J.; Tamura, Motohide (2012). "The Properties of the 500 K Dwarf UGPS J072227.51-054031.2 and a Study of the Far-red Flux of Cold Brown Dwarfs". *The Astrophysical Journal*. **748** (2): 74. arXiv:1201.2973. Bibcode:2012ApJ...748...74L. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/748/2/74. S2CID 14171934.
4. Bochanski, John J.; Burgasser, Adam J.; Simcoe, Robert A.; West, Andrew A. (2011). "FIRE Spectroscopy of the Ultra-cool Brown Dwarf, UGPS J072227.51-054031.2: Kinematics, Rotation and Atmospheric Parameters". *The Astronomical Journal*. **142** (5): 169. arXiv:1109.2897. Bibcode:2011AJ....142..169B. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/142/5/169. S2CID 39168611.
5. Dupuy, T. J.; Kraus, A. L. (2013). "Distances, Luminosities, and Temperatures of the Coldest Known Substellar Objects". *Science*. **341** (6153): 1492–5. arXiv:1309.1422. Bibcode:2013Sci...341.1492D. doi:10.1126/science.1241917. PMID 24009359. S2CID 30379513.
6. Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Cushing, Michael C.; Gelino, Christopher R.; Griffith, Roger L.; Skrutskie, Michael F.; Marsh, Kenneth A.; Wright, Edward L.; Mainzer, Amy K.; Eisenhardt, Peter R.; McLean, Ian S.; Thompson, Maggie A.; Bauer, James M.; Benford, Dominic J.; Bridge, Carrie R.; Lake, Sean E.; Petty, Sara M.; Stanford, Spencer Adam; Tsai, Chao-Wei; Bailey, Vanessa; Beichman, Charles A.; Bloom, Joshua S.; Bochanski, John J.; Burgasser, Adam J.; Capak, Peter L.; Cruz, Kelle L.; Hinz, Philip M.; Kartaltepe, Jeyhan S.; Knox, Russell P.; Manohar, Swarnima; Masters, Daniel; Morales-Calderon, Maria; Prato, Lisa A.; Rodigas, Timothy J.; Salvato, Mara; Schurr, Steven D.; Scoville, Nicholas Z.; Simcoe, Robert A.; Stapelfeldt, Karl R.; Stern, Daniel; Stock, Nathan D.; Vacca, William D. (2011). "The First Hundred Brown Dwarfs Discovered by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE)". *The Astrophysical Journal Supplement*. **197** (2): 19. arXiv:1108.4677v1. Bibcode:2011ApJS..197...19K. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/197/2/19. S2CID 16850733.
7. Golovin, Alex; Reffert, Sabine; Just, Andreas; Jordan, Stefan; Vani, Akash; Jahreiß, Hartmut (November 2022). "The Fifth Catalogue of Nearby Stars (CNS5)". *Astronomy & Astrophysics*. **670**: A19. arXiv:2211.01449. Bibcode:2023A&A...670A..19G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202244250. Catalogue can be accessed here.
8. Lucas, Philip W.; Tinney; Burningham; Leggett; Pinfield; Smart; et al. (2010). "Discovery of a very cool brown dwarf amongst the ten nearest stars to the Solar System". arXiv:1004.0317v1 \[astro-ph.SR\].

## InfoBox

UGPS J072227.51−054031.2
|
Near-infrared discovery image of UGPS J0722-05 | |
| --- | --- |
| Observation data
Epoch J2000.0      Equinox J2000.0 | |
| Constellation | Monoceros |
|
| Right ascension | 07h 22m 27.29s |
| Declination | −05° 40 30.0 |
|
| Characteristics | |
|
| Spectral type | T9 |
| Apparent magnitude (i (AB SDSS)) | 24.32 ± 0.12 |
| Apparent magnitude (z) | 20.51 ± 0.09 |
| Apparent magnitude (Y) | 17.37 ± 0.02 |
| Apparent magnitude (J) | 16.52 ± 0.02 |
| Apparent magnitude (H) | 16.90 ± 0.02 |
| Apparent magnitude (K) | 17.07 ± 0.08 |
| Apparent magnitude (L') | 13.4 ± 0.3 |
| Apparent magnitude (N) | 10.28 ± 0.24 |
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| Astrometry | |
|  | |
| **Radial velocity (Rv)** | 46.9 ± 2.5 km/s |
| **Proper motion (μ)** | RA: −904.14 ± 1.71 mas/yr
Dec.: 352.025 ± 1.21 mas/yr |
| **Parallax (π)** | 242.8 ± 2.4 mas |
| **Distance** | 13.4 ± 0.1 ly
(4.12 ± 0.04 pc) |
|  | |
| Details | |
|  | |
| **Mass** | (10.7 ± 0.2)—(25.8 ± 0.9) *M*Jup |
| **Radius** | (0.886 ± 0.005)—(1.0192 ± 0.0005) *R*Jup |
| **Luminosity (bolometric)** | (6.3 ± 0.4×10−7 |
| **Surface gravity (log *g*)** | (4.39 ± 0.01)—(4.90 ± 0.01) cgs |
| **Temperature** | (502 ± 10)—(539 ± 12) |
| **Rotational velocity (*v* sin *i*)** | 40 ± 10 km/s |
| **Age** | 1–5 Gyr |
|  | |
| Other designations | |
| WISEPA J072227.27−054029.9 ,GJ 11075 | |
| Database references | |
| **SIMBAD** | data |
| UGPS 0722−05Location of UGPS 0722−05 in the constellation Monoceros
 | |


title: UGO Networks

abstract: UGO Entertainment, Inc. was a website that provided coverage of online media in entertainment, targeting males aged 18–34. The company was based in New York, New York, United States.

text:
# UGO Networks

**UGO Entertainment, Inc.** was a website that provided coverage of online media in entertainment, targeting males aged 18–34. The company was based in New York, New York, United States.

## History

The company started in 1997 as **Unified Gamers Online**, billed in directories as a "hand-picked network of professionally managed gaming sites and services." In 1997, founder Chris Sherman hired Ken Margolis Associates to manage sales and marketing to the Game Industry. Chris sold UGO to Actionworld, Inc., a subsidiary of InterWorld, which incorporated the company in the state of Delaware in April, 1997. That same year, InterWorld spun off the company "in order to permit UGO Networks to build a separate management team...and to position UGO Networks to seek private parts equity financing."

In 1998, UGO—then described as "the largest independent gaming community on the Internet"—created the prestigious UGO E3 Awards, now the Game Critics Awards, to recognize high quality video game entertainment. In 1999, UGO changed its name to **UnderGround Online** as part of its efforts to expand its target audience. The company streamed various forms of media entertainment on its website as well as offering articles on topics of interest to its target audience. Topics included comics, television, music and film. Its main competitors included CNET Networks, IGN, and Yahoo!. On July 24, 2007 it was announced that Hearst Corporation would acquire UGO Entertainment to expand its interactive media division. On January 6, 2009, UGO Entertainment acquired 1UP.com and its associated sites from publisher Ziff Davis.

In May 2011, IGN Entertainment announced that it would acquire UGO from Hearst in a cash and stock. At the same time, its parent company News Corporation also announced that the profitable IGN division would be spun off into a new company. In March 2012, UGO ceased to exist as a staffed website and was dormant for a short period. Later in 2012, UGO.com relaunched as a self-described "pop culture comedy site", which focused on producing original videos about movies, comics and videogames with a humorous tone. On February 4, 2013, UGO.com was purchased as part of the IGN network of websites acquired by Ziff Davis, and was shut down on February 21, 2013.

## The network

The UGO Networks featured websites such as Hero Machine, a Flash-based website allowing to create one's own superhero and share it; Studio UGO, featuring exclusive live music performances; Actress Archives, a website focusing on actress and female entertainer related news, photo galleries, and videos; and Caster's Realm, a blog that featured news and information on MMORPGs.

## InfoBox

UGO Networks
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Type of site | News |
| Owner | IGN Entertainment |
| URL | www.ugo.com |
| Launched | 1997 |
| Current status | Inactive, defunct early 2013 |


title: UPCN Vóley Club

abstract: UPCN Voley or UPCN San Juan is an Argentine volleyball club based in San Juan. The club was founded in 2007 and takes part of Liga Argentina de Voleibol – Serie A1, the top level of the Argentine men's volleyball league system, since 2009–10 season. It has won 5 consecutive national championships between 2011 and 2015, becoming one of the most successful clubs on the league's history.

text:
# UPCN Vóley Club

**UPCN Voley** or **UPCN San Juan** is an Argentine volleyball club based in San Juan. The club was founded in 2007 and takes part of Liga Argentina de Voleibol – Serie A1, the top level of the Argentine men's volleyball league system, since 2009–10 season. It has won 5 consecutive national championships between 2011 and 2015, becoming one of the most successful clubs on the league's history.

## Titles

### Domestic

* **Liga Argentina A1**
    + First Place (6): 2010–11, 2011–12, 2012–13, 2013–14, 2014–15, 2015-16
* **Copa ACLAV**
    + First Place (2): 2012, 2013

### International

## InfoBox

UPCN Vóley Club
| Full name | UPCN San Juan Voley Club |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | March 1, 2007 (2007-03-01) |
| Ground | Estadio Aldo Cantoni<br>(Capacity: 8,000) |
| Manager | Fabián Armoa |
| League | Liga Argentina de Voleibol |
| 2014-15 | 1st (champion) |
| Website | Club home page |
| Uniforms | |
|  | |


title: U.S. Route 220 in West Virginia

abstract: U.S. Route 220 (US 220) is a U.S. Highway that travels from Rockingham, North Carolina, to South Waverly, Pennsylvania. In the state of West Virginia, it travels for 93 miles (150 km) from the Virginia state line two miles (3.2 km) south of Harper to the Maryland state line at Keyser.

text:
# U.S. Route 220 in West Virginia

**U.S. Route 220** (**US 220**) is a U.S. Highway that travels from Rockingham, North Carolina, to South Waverly, Pennsylvania. In the state of West Virginia, it travels for 93 miles (150 km) from the Virginia state line two miles (3.2 km) south of Harper to the Maryland state line at Keyser.

## Route description

The highway enters West Virginia two miles (3.2 km) south of Harper in Pendleton County. From the state line, US 220 parallels the South Branch Potomac River as it progresses northward. 13 miles (21 km) north of Harper, US 220 travels through Franklin, where it intersects US 33. The highway enters Grant County approximately 17 miles (27 km) north of Franklin.

Within Grant County, US 220 intersects the concurrent routes of West Virginia Route 28 (WV 28) and WV 55 in Petersburg. The two state highways join US 220 eastward into Hardy County. WV 28 and WV 55 remain concurrent to Moorefield, where WV 55 splits from US 220/WV 28. North of Moorefield, US 220/WV 28 intersects the future right-of-way of US 48. US 220 and WV 28 remain concurrent into Hampshire County, where they meet US 50 in Junction. WV 28 departs US 220, following US 50 to the east, while US 220 joins US 50 westward into Mineral County. This stretch of US 220 is known as the Northwestern Turnpike.

At the top of Knobly Mountain northwest of Ridgeville, US 220 splits from US 50 and resumes a northerly alignment as it descends into the New Creek Valley. It is known as Cut Off Road south of WV 93 and New Creek Drive from there to Keyser, the county seat of Mineral County, where it becomes known as Mineral Street. In the center of the city, located seven miles (11 km) north of US 50, US 220 intersects WV 46. At the northern edge of Keyser, US 220 crosses the North Branch Potomac River via Memorial Bridge, leaving West Virginia and entering Maryland.

## Junction list

| County | Location | mi | km | Exit | Destinations | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Pendleton | Harper | 0.00 | 0.00 |  |
US 220 south Monterey | Continuation into Virginia |
| | Franklin |  |  |  |
US 33 east (Maple Avenue) Harrisonburg | Southern end of US 33 concurrency; access to James Madison University |
| |  |  |  |
US 33 west (Mountaineer Drive) Seneca Rocks | Northern end of US 33 concurrency; access to Spruce Knob, the highest point in West Virginia |
| Grant | Petersburg |  |  |  |

WV 28 south / WV 55 west (North Main Street) to WV 42 north Petersburg, Seneca Rocks, Scherr | Southern end of WV 28 and WV 55 concurrencies |
| Hardy |  |  |  | US 220 South Branch Potomac River Bridge #1 | | |
| | Moorefield |  |  |  |

WV 55 east to US 48 Baker | Northern end of WV 55 concurrency |
| |  |  |  | US 220 South Branch Potomac River Bridge #2 | | |
| Hampshire | Junction |  |  |  |

US 50 east / WV 28 north Romney, Fort Ashby | Northern end of WV 28 concurrency; southern end of US 50 concurrency |
| Mineral | New Creek |  |  |  |
US 50 west Grafton | Northern end of US 50 concurrency |
| | |  |  |  |

WV 93 west to US 50 west New Creek, Grafton | Eastern terminus of WV 93 |
| | Keyser |  |  |  | WV 46 Piedmont, Fort Ashby |  |
| | 93 | 150 |  |
US 220 north McCoole, Cumberland | Continuation into Maryland at the Potomac River |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
 | | | | | | |

Template:Attached KML/U.S. Route 220 in West VirginiaKML is not from Wikidata

## InfoBox

| U.S. Route 220 | |
| --- | --- |
| US 220 highlighted in red | |
| Route information | |
| Maintained by WVDOH | |
| Length | 93 mi (150 km) |
| Existed | 1926–present |
| Major junctions | |
| South end | US 220 near Blue Grass |
| Major intersections |  |
| North end | US 220 in Keyser |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| State | West Virginia |
| Counties | Pendleton, Grant, Hardy, Hampshire, Mineral |
|  | |
| Highway system | |
|  | |
| US 219   WV 230 | |


title: U.S. Route 221 in South Carolina

abstract: In the U.S. state of South Carolina, U.S. Route 221 (US 221) is a 126.390-mile United States Highway within the state. It is part of the United States Numbered Highway System that travels from Perry in North Florida to Lynchburg in Central Virginia. While in South Carolina, the highway travels through Greenwood, Laurens, Woodruff, and Spartanburg. The highway mostly travels through rural parts of the Piedmont region of the state.

text:
# U.S. Route 221 in South Carolina

In the U.S. state of South Carolina, **U.S. Route 221** (**US 221**) is a 126.390-mile (203.405 km) United States Highway within the state. It is part of the United States Numbered Highway System that travels from Perry in North Florida to Lynchburg in Central Virginia. While in South Carolina, the highway travels through Greenwood, Laurens, Woodruff, and Spartanburg. The highway mostly travels through rural parts of the Piedmont region of the state.

## Route description

US Route 221 enters McCormick County from Georgia from the top of the J. Strom Thurmond Dam at the southeastern edge of Lake Strom Thurmond. The first site in the state is the Thurmond Lake Overlook. Almost instantly curves to the north but then to the east before seeming to terminate at South Carolina State Highway 28 in Clarks Hill, South Carolina (which is part of the Savannah River Scenic Byway), but in reality turns left and joins the road in a concurrency. US 221/SC 28 runs north and northwesterly often being flanked by a railroad line along the east side as it passes through Modoc where it encounters the Hamilton Branch State Park and Recreation Area, and later Parksville which contains the Parksville State Recreation Area. The road widens to four lanes as it enters Plum Branch and after a road to the Plum Branch Yacht Club, has a blinker light intersection with the western terminus of South Carolina Highway 283 and a local road named Collier Street.

Shifting a bit further away from the coast it eventually enters the town of McCormick. From McCormick, it leaves SC 28, and briefly joins a concurrency with U.S. Route 378 until that route breaks away at East Gold Street. From there it continues northeasterly into the woods. After crossing the McCormick-Greenwood County Line, US 221 joins a concurrency with South Carolina Highway 10 south of Bradley. Along the way, US 221/SC 10 runs along the south side of the same railroad line it flanked the west side of since the SC 28 concurrency. After the intersection with Callison Road, and later two other local streets, SC 10 branches off to the northwest towards Verdery, and US 221 leaves the Sumter National Forest. Twelve miles later, it runs into the city of Greenwood. Along the way it is joined by another concurrency with U.S. Routes 25/178, and runs south and east along the edge of the city, then turns east onto South Carolina Highway 72.

From Greenwood, U.S. Route 221 continues northeasterly to the city of Coronaca and after crossing a bridge over the Saluda River the concurrency with SC 72 comes to an end. From there US 221 turns north and runs through Waterloo. U.S. Truck Route 221 bypasses the city of Laurens on the east side. After the truck route ends, it continues northeast and then northwest before the interchange with Interstate 385 in rural Laurens County. Returning more toward the northeast, it reaches Enoree and curves to the northwest until reaching Woodruff and curves back to the east-northeast proceeding to intersect Interstate 26 in rural Spartanburg County. Almost immediately after I-26, U.S. Route 221 turns north and continues through the center of the city of Spartanburg serving as the terminus of Interstate 585 before intersecting Interstate 85 just north of the city. Shortly after I-85 it crosses a bridge over the Pacolet River. It continues to the city of Chesnee before exiting the state in a rural area of Cherokee County. The southern terminus of US 221 Alt. intersects the main route in the city of Chesnee and exits the state a few miles to the east of the main route.

## History

Established in 1932, US 221 was connected from North Carolina, from north of Cowpens National Battlefield to Greenwood, connecting the cities of Spartanburg, Woodruff, Laurens, and Waterloo. In 1942, US 221 replaced U.S. Route 221 in South Carolina#South Carolina Highway 110 (SC 110), going due north from Chesnee to the North Carolina state line; its former route became US 221 Alternate. In 1954, US 221 was extended south to Bradley and McCormick, then south over the Clarks Hill Dam into Georgia; this replaced part of SC 10 and part of SC 670.

Between 1962 and 1964, US 221 bypassed Roebuck. Between 1968 and 1970, US 221 was rerouted onto the Greenwood Bypass and its current routing south of US 25/US 178, replacing the remaining part of SC 670. The old route through Greenwood became SC 72 Business and an extension of SC 10.

### South Carolina Highway 104

| South Carolina Highway 104 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | McCormick |
| Existed | 1939–1947 |

**South Carolina Highway 104** (**SC 104**) was a state highway that was established in 1939 from SC 43 (now U.S. Route 378 (US 378)) in McCormick northeast for about 4 miles (6.4 km). The next year, its northern terminus was extended to the north-northwest to SC 10 northeast of Troy. In 1947, the highway was decommissioned and downgraded to secondary roads. Most of its path was redesignated as parts of US 221.

#### Troy alternate route

| South Carolina Highway 104 Alternate | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | Troy |
| Existed | 1942–1947 |

**South Carolina Highway 104 Alternate** (**SC 104 Alt.**) was an alternate route that was established in 1942 from where SC 104 and SC 432 started a concurrency east-southeast of Troy, in the northeastern part of McCormick County to a point along their concurrency. In 1947, it was decommissioned. It is known today as Indianland Road and Dowtin Road.

### South Carolina Highway 110

| South Carolina Highway 110 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | Chesnee, South Carolina |
| Existed | 1931–1942 |

**South Carolina Highway 110** (**SC 110**) was a state highway that was established in 1931 from US 378 in Chesnee north to the North Carolina state line, where it continued as the second iteration of North Carolina Highway 741. In 1942, US 221 was shifted to the west, replacing SC 110. Its former path was redesignated as US 221 Alternate.

## Major intersections

| County | Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Columbia |  | 0.000 | 0.000 |

US 221 south / SR 150 west | Continuation into Georgia |
| | Lake Strom Thurmond
Savannah River | | | Georgia state line (J. Strom Thurmond Dam) | |
| McCormick | Clarks Hill | 1.850 | 2.977 |
SC 28 east Augusta | Southern end of SC 28 concurrency |
| | Modoc | 6.320 | 10.171 |
SC 23 east Edgefield | Western terminus of SC 23 |
| | Plum Branch | 15.660 | 25.202 |
SC 283 east (Edgefield Street) / Collier Street west Edgefield | Western terminus of SC 283 and Edgefield Street; eastern terminus of Collier Street |
| | McCormick | 20.490 | 32.975 |

US 378 west (Gold Street) / SC 28 north (Mine Street) | Northern end of SC 28 concurrency; southern end of US 378 concurrency |
| | 21.100 | 33.957 |
US 378 east (Gold Street East) | Northern end of US 378 concurrency |
| Greenwood | Bradley | 29.580 | 47.604 |
SC 10 south (McCormick Highway) Troy | Southern end of SC 10 concurrency |
| | | 31.830 | 51.225 |
SC 10 north (McCormick Highway) Verdery, Promised Land | Northern end of SC 10 concurrency |
| | Greenwood | 40.440 | 65.082 | SC 225 Edgefield, Abbeville, Medical District | Provides access to Self Regional Healthcare |
| | 41.380 | 66.595 |

US 25 south / US 178 east / US 25 Bus. north / US 178 Bus. west (Main Street South) Saluda, Edgefield, Lander University | Southern end of US 25/US 178 concurrency; southern terminus of US 25 Bus.; eastern terminus of US 178 Bus.; provides access to Self Regional Medical Center |
| | 42.500–
42.501 | 68.397–
68.399 | SC 34 (Main Street West / Ninety Six Highway) Ninety Six, Greenwood, Ninety Six National Historic Site | Interchange |
| | 46.110 | 74.207 |

US 25 north / US 178 west / SC 72 west (Bypass Northeast) / SC 72 Bus. west (Reynolds Avenue) Abbeville, Greenwood | Northern end of US 25/178 concurrency; southern end of SC 72 concurrency; eastern terminus of SC 72 Bus. |
| | Coronaca | 51.040 | 82.141 | SC 246 Coronaca, GWD State Park, Erskine College |  |
| Laurens | Waterloo | 54.400 | 87.548 |
SC 72 east | Northern end of SC 72 concurrency |
| | Laurens | 64.020 | 103.030 |
SC 39 south Cross Hill | Northern terminus of SC 39 |
| | 68.340 | 109.983 |

SC 127 north / US 221 Truck north (Bypass 127) Clinton | Southern terminus of US 221 Truck and SC 127 |
| | 70.680 | 113.748 |
US 76 Bus. (Main Street East) – Sanders Middle School |  |
| | 71.160 | 114.521 |

US 76 / US 221 Truck south (Hillcrest Drive / Fleming Street) Anderson | Northern terminus of US 221 Truck |
| | 72.680 | 116.967 |

SC 49 north (Yarborough Mill Road) to I-26 / I-385 south Spartanburg, Columbia | Southern terminus of SC 49 |
| | 74.910–
75.070 | 120.556–
120.813 | I-385 Columbia, Greenville | I-385 exit 9 |
| | Ora | 77.110 | 124.097 |
SC 308 east | Western terminus of SC 308 |
| |  | 81.070 | 130.470 |
SC 92 west | Southern end of SC 92 concurrency |
| Spartanburg | Enoree | 82.520 | 132.803 |

SC 92 east (Parker Road) to I-26 Cross Hill, Union | Northern end of SC 92 concurrency |
| | | 82.570 | 132.884 | SC 92 Conn. south | No access from US 221 to SC 92 Conn.; northern terminus of SC 92 Conn. |
| | Woodruff | 89.610 | 144.213 |
SC 146 east (Cross Anchor Road) / Pearson Street north | Southern end of SC 146 concurrency; southern terminus of Pearson Street. |
| | 90.180 | 145.131 |
SC 101 south (Georgia Street) | Southern end of SC 101 concurrency |
| | 91.140 | 146.676 |

SC 101 north / SC 146 west Greer, Greenville | Northern end of SC 101 and SC 146 concurrencies |
| | Moore | 98.020 | 157.748 |
SC 290 west (Moore Duncan Highway) – R.D. Anderson Applied Technology Center | Eastern terminus of SC 290 |
| | Roebuck | 98.904–
99.030 | 159.171–
159.373 | I-26 Columbia, Asheville | I-26 exit 28 |
| | 101.040 | 162.608 | SC 215 (Blackstock Road East / Stone Station Road) |  |
| | 104.250–
104.318 | 167.774–
167.884 | SC 295 (Southport Road) – South Carolina Deaf and Blind School, Croft State Park | Interchange |
| | Spartanburg | 107.300 | 172.683 |
SC 56 south (Henry Street) Union, Reidville, Grain District, Rail trail | Southern end of SC 56 concurrency |
| | 107.680 | 173.294 | US 29 (St. John Street) – Barnet Park, Chapman Center, Converse College, The George |  |
| | 108.590 | 174.759 |
SC 56 north (Asheville Highway) Inman, Asheville | Northern end of SC 56 concurrency |
| | 107.900 | 173.648 | SC 296 (Daniel Morgan Avenue East) |  |
| | 109.050 | 175.499 | Wood Street (US 176 Conn. east) | Western terminus of US 176 Conn.; provides access to Spartanburg Medical Center |
| | 109.230 | 175.789 | North Church Street north (US 176 Conn. west) / Whitney Road begins Boiling Springs | Eastern terminus of US 176 Conn., which takes on the North Church Street name; southern terminus of Whitney Road |
| | 109.490 | 176.207 | I-585 / US 176 / SC 9 (Pine Street North) Union, Chester, Inman | I-585 exit 25B |
| | 113.499–
113.500 | 182.659–
182.661 | I-85 Greenville, Charlotte | I-85 exit 78 |
| | Chesnee | 123.540 | 198.818 |
US 221 Alt. / SC 11 (Cherokee Street / Cherokee Foothills Scenic Highway) Gaffney, Campobello, Carolina Foothills Artisan Center, Cowpens Battlefield | Northern terminus of US 221 Alt. |
| Cherokee |  | 124.220 | 199.913 |

North Pickens Street south (US 221 Conn. south) to US 221 Alt. | Northern terminus of US 221 Conn. and North Pickens Street |
| |  | 126.390 | 203.405 |
US 221 north | Continuation into North Carolina |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
 | | | | | |

## Special routes

There is one truck route and one alternate route in South Carolina.

Template:Attached KML/U.S. Route 221 in South CarolinaKML is not from Wikidata

## InfoBox

| U.S. Highway 221 | |
| --- | --- |
| US 221 highlighted in red | |
| Route information | |
| Auxiliary route of US 21 | |
| Maintained by SCDOT | |
| Length | 126.390 mi (203.405 km) |
| Existed | 1932–present |
| Tourist
routes | Savannah River Scenic Byway |
| Major junctions | |
| South end | US 221 / SR 150 at the Georgia line south of Modoc |
| Major intersections |  |
| North end | US 221 at the North Carolina line near Chesnee |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| State | South Carolina |
| Counties | McCormick, Greenwood, Laurens, Spartanburg, Cherokee |
|  | |
| Highway system | |
|  | |
| SC 219   SC 223 | |


title: Tõnu Anton

abstract: Tõnu Anton is an Estonian former politician and judge, most notable for being a voter for the Estonian restoration of Independence.

text:
# Tõnu Anton

**Tõnu Anton** (born 26 April 1953, in Pärnu) is an Estonian former politician and judge, most notable for being a voter for the Estonian restoration of Independence.

## Biography

He graduated from Pärnu 1st Secondary School in 1971, and in 1976 from the Faculty of Law of the University of Tartu.

After he graduated and until 1990, he worked at the Tartu City RSN Executive Committee. In addition, he was Deputy Director of Tartu Commercial Bank. He was developing a new electoral law of the Supreme Council following democratic principles, adopted by the XI Supreme Council on November 17, 1989.

During the Estonian Supreme Soviet election in 1990, Anton turned was elected as a member of the 1990s incarnation of the Vaba Eesti party and a citizens' initiative to nominate a candidate. In the Supreme Council, he represented the Popular Front of Estonia and the Social Democratic Party (until June 1991) and became chair of the Legal Affairs Committee. He was a part of the Constitutional Assembly.

Between 1993 and 2016 he was a member of the Supreme Court of Estonia. He was chairman of the Administrative Law Chamber of the Supreme Court.

The current Chancellor of Justice of Estonia, Ülle Madise, is his daughter.

## Awards


title: USS LST-400

abstract: USS Bradley County (LST-400) was an LST-1-class tank landing ship built for the United States Navy during World War II. Named for counties in Arkansas and Tennessee, she was the only U.S. Naval vessel to bear the name.

text:
# USS LST-400

**USS *Bradley County* (LST-400)** was an *LST-1*-class tank landing ship built for the United States Navy during World War II. Named for counties in Arkansas and Tennessee, she was the only U.S. Naval vessel to bear the name.

## Construction and career

*LST-400* was laid down on 28 September 1942 at the Newport News Shipbuilding & Drydock Company; launched on 23 November 1942; sponsored by Miss Judith Flaxington; and commissioned on 7 January 1943.

### Service in the United States Navy

During World War II, *LST-400* was assigned to the European Theater and participated in the Sicilian occupation in July, 1943 and the Invasion of Normandy in June, 1944.

Following the War, *LST-400* was redesignated **USS *Bradley County* (LST-400)** on 1 July 1955.

The ship was transferred to Taiwan as a grant in aid on 30 June 1955. She was struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 25 April 1960.

### Service in the Republic of China Navy

Based on the U.S. Defense Agreement, the U.S. presented it to Taiwan at the Port of San Diego. After receiving the ship, the ship was named **ROCS** ***Chung Suo* (LST-217)**, and arrived in Taiwan on 29 December 1955.

The first captain was Li Bingcheng, who was mainly responsible for landing operations, transportation and replenishment of personnel and vehicles, and transportation and replenishment of outer islands.

During the period of service, the ship carried out transportation and replenishment missions such as the Lightning Plan and the Fortune Plan during the 823 Artillery Battle in 1958.

The ship was ordered to be decommissioned on 1 January 2011, due to the hull and most of her equipment being old.

On 16 July 2018, she was towed out to sea to be used as a target ship off Lanyu. She was struck by a missile and sank.

One of her anchors is on display at the New Taipei City Weapon Park (新北市武器公園).

## Awards

*LST-400* earned two battle stars for World War II service.

## Citations

*This article incorporates text from the public domain* Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships*.*

* "*LST-400*". *Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships*. Retrieved 6 April 2007.
* "LST-400 *Bradley County*". *Amphibious Photo Archive*. Retrieved 6 April 2007.

## InfoBox

| ROCS *Chung Suo* | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| United States | |
| Name | *LST-400* |
| Builder | Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Company, Newport News |
| Laid down | 28 September 1942 |
| Launched | 23 November 1942 |
| Sponsored by | Mrs. Judith Flax-ington |
| Commissioned | 7 January 1943 |
| Renamed | *Bradley County*, 1 July 1955 |
| Namesake | Bradley County |
| Identification |  |
| Honors and
awards | See *Awards* |
| Fate | Transferred to Republic of China, 30 June 1955 |
| Stricken | 25 April 1960 |
| History | |
| Taiwan | |
| Name | * *Chung Suo* * (中肇) |
| Acquired | 30 June 1955 |
| Commissioned | 29 December 1955 |
| Decommissioned | 1 January 2011 |
| Identification | Hull number: LST-217 |
| Fate | Sunk as target, 16 July 2018 |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | *LST-1*-class tank landing ship |
| Displacement | * 1,625 long tons (1,651 t) light * 4,080 long tons (4,145 t) full |
| Length | 328 ft (100 m) |
| Beam | 50 ft (15 m) |
| Draft | * *Unloaded*: * Bow: 2 ft 4 in (0.71 m) * Stern: 7 ft 6 in (2.29 m) * *Loaded* : * Bow: 8 ft 2 in (2.49 m) * Stern: 14 ft 1 in (4.29 m) |
| Depth | * 8 ft (2.4 m) forward * 14 ft 4 in (4.37 m) aft (full load) |
| Propulsion | 2 General Motors 12-567 diesel engines, two shafts, twin rudders |
| Speed | 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph) |
| Boats & landing
craft carried | Two or six LCVPs |
| Troops | 14–16 officers, 131–147 enlisted men |
| Complement | 7–9 officers, 104–120 enlisted men |
| Armament | * 2 × twin 40 mm gun mounts w/Mk.51 directors * 4 × single 40 mm gun mounts * 12 × single 20 mm gun mounts |


title: USS LST-391

abstract: USS LST-391 was an LST-1-class tank landing ship built for the United States Navy during World War II. LST-391 was laid down 14 July 1942 at the Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Company of Newport News, Virginia, launched 28 October 1942, sponsored by Miss Katherine Wendell Blewett, and commissioned 3 December 1942. During World War II, LST-391 was assigned to the European Theater and participated in the Sicilian occupation, Salerno landings, and the Invasion of Normandy. LST-391 earned three battle stars for World War II service. Renamed USS Bowman County (LST-391) on 1 July 1955 for Bowman County, North Dakota, she was the only U.S. Naval vessel to bear the name. She was transferred to Greece in May 1960 for service in the Royal Hellenic Navy and renamed Rodos (L157) where she remained in service until 1997. Image of this LST at 13:47 in the video at http://burnpit.legion.org/2015/02/my-story-about-thule-operation-blue-jay

text:
# USS LST-391

**USS *LST-391*** was an *LST-1*-class tank landing ship built for the United States Navy during World War II. *LST-391* was laid down 14 July 1942 at the Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Company of Newport News, Virginia, launched 28 October 1942, sponsored by Miss Katherine Wendell Blewett, and commissioned 3 December 1942.

During World War II, *LST-391* was assigned to the European Theater and participated in the Sicilian occupation (July 1943), Salerno landings (September 1943), and the Invasion of Normandy (June 1944).

*LST-391* earned three battle stars for World War II service.

Renamed **USS *Bowman County* (LST-391)** on 1 July 1955 for Bowman County, North Dakota, she was the only U.S. Naval vessel to bear the name. She was transferred to Greece in May 1960 for service in the Royal Hellenic Navy and renamed ***Rodos* (L157)** where she remained in service until 1997.

Image of this LST at 13:47 in the video at http://burnpit.legion.org/2015/02/my-story-about-thule-operation-blue-jay

*This article incorporates text from the public domain* Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships*.* * "*LST-391*". *Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships*. Retrieved 6 April 2007.
* "LST-391 *Bowman County*". *Amphibious Photo Archive*. Retrieved 6 April 2007.
* LST-391 seen at 13:25 in the video at http://burnpit.legion.org/2015/02/my-story-about-thule-operation-blue-jay

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| United States | |
| Name | USS LST-391 |
| Builder | Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Company, Newport News, Virginia |
| Laid down | 14 July 1942 |
| Launched | 28 October 1942 |
| Commissioned | 3 December 1942 |
| Honors and
awards | 3 battle stars (WWII) |
| Renamed | USS *Bowman County*, 1 July 1955 |
| Namesake | Bowman County, North Dakota |
| Fate | Transferred to Greece, May 1960 |
| Greece | |
| Name | *Rodos* (L157) |
| Acquired | May 1960 |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | *LST-1*-class tank landing ship |
| Displacement | * 1,625 long tons (1,651 t) light * 4,080 long tons (4,145 t) full |
| Length | 328 ft (100 m) |
| Beam | 50 ft (15 m) |
| Draft | * *Unloaded*: * Bow: 2 ft 4 in (0.71 m) * Stern: 7 ft 6 in (2.29 m) * *Loaded* : * Bow: 8 ft 2 in (2.49 m) * Stern: 14 ft 1 in (4.29 m) |
| Depth | * 8 ft (2.4 m) forward * 14 ft 4 in (4.37 m) aft (full load) |
| Propulsion | 2 General Motors 12-567 diesel engines, two shafts, twin rudders |
| Speed | 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph) |
| Boats & landing
craft carried | Two or six LCVPs |
| Troops | 14–16 officers, 131–147 enlisted men |
| Complement | 7–9 officers, 104–120 enlisted men |
| Armament | * 2 × twin 40 mm gun mounts w/Mk.51 directors * 4 × single 40 mm gun mounts * 12 × single 20 mm gun mounts |


title: USS LST-399

abstract: USS LST-399 was an LST-1-class tank landing ship in the United States Navy during World War II.

text:
# USS LST-399

**USS *LST-399*** was an *LST-1*-class tank landing ship in the United States Navy during World War II.

## Construction and commissioning

*LST-399* was laid down on 28 September 1942 at Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Co., Newport News, Virginia. Launched on 23 November 1942 and commissioned on 4 January 1943.

During World War II, *LST-399* was assigned to the Asiatic-Pacific theater and participated in the occupation of New Georgia-Rendova-Vangunu on 21 July and Vella Lavella from 15 and 26 August 1943. Assault on the Treasury Island from 27 October and 6 November 1943.

The capture and occupation of Guam from 21 to 28 July 1944.

The ship participated in the assault and occupation of Iwo Jima from 19 to 25 February 1945 and later the assault and occupation of Okinawa from 1 to 14 April 1945. After the end of the war, the ship was decommissioned on 8 December 1945 and Commander Naval Forces Far East (COMNAVFE) Shipping Control Authority for Japan (SCAJAP), which the ship was re-designated as Q088.

Military Sea Transportation Service acquired the ship on 31 March 1952 and re-designated again as T-LST-399. On 1 November 1973, the *T-LST-399* was struck from the Naval Register and was put into the mothball state at the Suisun Bay Reserve Fleet, California. She was later scrapped.

According to Navsource.org, the ship was reinstated and renamed as IX-511, later struck on the Naval Register on 15 June 1985.

*LST-399* earned five battle star for World War II service.

## Awards

## InfoBox

| *T-LST-399* on 11 April 1974 | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| United States | |
| Name | *LST-399* |
| Owner |  |
| Builder | Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Co., Newport News |
| Laid down | 28 September 1942 |
| Launched | 23 November 1942 |
| Commissioned | 4 January 1943 |
| Decommissioned | 8 December 1945 |
| Renamed | * *Q088*, 1945 * *T-LST-399*, 1952 * *IX-511* |
| Stricken | 1 November 1973 |
| Honours and
awards | *See Awards* |
| Fate | Scrapped |
| General characteristics | |
| Type | *LST-1*-class tank landing ship |
| Displacement | * 4,080 long tons (4,145 t) full load * 2,160 long tons (2,190 t) landing |
| Length | 328 ft (100 ) oa |
| Beam | 50 ft (15 m) |
| Draft | * Full load: 8 ft 2 in (2.49 m) forward; 14 ft 1 in (4.29 m) aft * Landing at 2,160 t: 3 ft 11 in (1.19 m) forward; 9 ft 10 in (3.00 m) aft |
| Installed power |  |
| Propulsion |  |
| Speed | 12 kn (22 km/h; 14 mph) |
| Range | 24,000 nmi (44,000 km; 28,000 mi) at 9 kn (17 km/h; 10 mph) while displacing 3,960 long tons (4,024 t) |
| Boats & landing
craft carried | 2 or 6 x LCVPs |
| Capacity | * 2,100 tons oceangoing maximum * 350 tons main deckload |
| Troops | 16 officers, 147 enlisted men |
| Complement | 13 officers, 104 enlisted men |
| Armament |  |


title: USS O-11

abstract: USS O-11 (SS-72) was one of 16 O-class submarines built for the United States Navy during World War I.

text:
# USS O-11

**USS *O-11* (SS-72)** was one of 16 O-class submarines built for the United States Navy during World War I.

## Description

The later O-boats (*O-11* through *O-16*) were designed by Lake Torpedo Boat Company to different specifications from the earlier ones designed by Electric Boat. They did not perform as well, and are sometimes considered a separate class. The submarines had a length of 175 feet 3 inches (53.4 m) overall, a beam of 16 feet 9 inches (5.1 m) and a mean draft of 13 feet 9 inches (4.2 m). They displaced 491 long tons (499 t) on the surface and 566 long tons (575 t) submerged. The O-class submarines had a crew of 29 officers and enlisted men. They had a diving depth of 200 feet (61.0 m).

For surface running, the boats were powered by two 440-brake-horsepower (328 kW) diesel engines, each driving one propeller shaft. When submerged each propeller was driven by a 370-horsepower (276 kW) electric motor. They could reach 14 knots (26 km/h; 16 mph) on the surface and 10.5 knots (19.4 km/h; 12.1 mph) underwater. On the surface, the O class had a range of 5,500 nautical miles (10,200 km; 6,300 mi) at 11.5 knots (21.3 km/h; 13.2 mph).

The boats were armed with four 18-inch (450 mm) torpedo tubes in the bow. They carried four reloads, for a total of eight torpedoes. The O-class submarines were also armed with a single 3"/50 caliber deck gun.

## Construction and career

*O-11* was laid down on 6 March 1916 by Lake Torpedo Boat in Bridgeport, Connecticut. The boat was launched on 29 October 1917 sponsored by Mrs. Bernard M. Baruch, and commissioned at New York City on 19 October 1918. Commissioned too late for World War I combat service, *O-11* joined other boats of her class at Cape May, New Jersey, in 1919. On 20 September 1919, she was placed in commission, in reserve, at Cape May and steamed to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in October; workmen at Philadelphia spent months working on the boat before she departed for Coco Solo.

The arrival of a submarine squadron at Coco Solo in 1913 had demonstrated the usefulness of the boats, the base continued as a distant submarine overhaul and testing area into the 1920s. *O-11* reported there in 1922; after deck crews had brought her up to prime efficiency, she took several test dives off Panama in spring 1923. In October, she sailed to Philadelphia.

*O-11* decommissioned at Philadelphia 21 June 1924 after just five and a half years of service, and was turned over to the Commandant, Navy Yard, Philadelphia. Struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 9 May 1930, the boat was sold in July 1930.

* Friedman, Norman (1995). *U.S. Submarines Through 1945: An Illustrated Design History*. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-263-3.
* Gardiner, Robert & Gray, Randal, eds. (1985). *Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921*. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-85177-245-5.
* *This article incorporates text from the public domain* Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships*. The entry can be found here.*

## InfoBox

| *O-11* being built in Bridgeport, Connecticut | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| United States | |
| Name | *O-11* |
| Ordered | 3 March 1916 |
| Builder | Lake Torpedo Boat Company, Bridgeport, Connecticut |
| Laid down | 6 March 1916 |
| Launched | 29 October 1917 |
| Commissioned | 19 October 1918 |
| Decommissioned | 21 June 1924 |
| Stricken | 9 May 1930 |
| Fate | Sold for scrap, July 1930 |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | O-class submarine |
| Displacement | * 491 long tons (499 t) surfaced * 566 long tons (575 t) submerged |
| Length | 175 ft 3 in (53.4 m) |
| Beam | 16 ft 9 in (5.1 m) |
| Draft | 13 ft 9 in (4.2 m) |
| Installed power | * 880 bhp (660 kW) (diesel) * 740 hp (550 kW) (electric) |
| Propulsion |  |
| Speed | * 14 knots (26 km/h; 16 mph) surfaced * 10.5 knots (19.4 km/h; 12.1 mph) submerged |
| Range | 5,500 nmi (10,200 km; 6,300 mi) at 11.5 knots (21.3 km/h; 13.2 mph) on the surface |
| Test depth | 200 feet (61.0 m) |
| Complement | 2 officers, 27 enlisted |
| Armament |  |


title: USS O'Toole

abstract:
USS O'Toole has been the name of more than one United States Navy ship, and may refer to:
  - USS O'Toole (DE-274), a destroyer escort transferred to the United Kingdom upon completion which served in the Royal Navy as HMS Gardiner (K478) from 1943 to 1945
  - USS O'Toole (DE-327), a destroyer escort renamed USS Brister (DE-327) in 1943 while under construction
  - USS O'Toole (DE-527), a destroyer escort in commission from 1944 to 1945

text:
# USS O'Toole

**USS *O'Toole*** has been the name of more than one United States Navy ship, and may refer to:

* USS *O'Toole* (DE-274), a destroyer escort transferred to the United Kingdom upon completion which served in the Royal Navy as HMS *Gardiner* (K478) from 1943 to 1945
* USS *O'Toole* (DE-327), a destroyer escort renamed USS *Brister* (DE-327) in 1943 while under construction
* USS *O'Toole* (DE-527), a destroyer escort in commission from 1944 to 1945


title: Ubieszyn

abstract: Ubieszyn is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tryńcza, within Przeworsk County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. It lies approximately 2 kilometres (1 mi) east of Tryńcza, 13 km (8 mi) north-east of Przeworsk, and 44 km (27 mi) east of the regional capital Rzeszów.

text:
# Ubieszyn

**Ubieszyn** \[uˈbʲɛʂɨn\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tryńcza, within Przeworsk County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. It lies approximately 2 kilometres (1 mi) east of Tryńcza, 13 km (8 mi) north-east of Przeworsk, and 44 km (27 mi) east of the regional capital Rzeszów.

## InfoBox

| Ubieszyn | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Elementary school | |
| Ubieszyn | |
| Coordinates: 50°10′N 22°35′E / 50.167°N 22.583°E / 50.167; 22.583 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Subcarpathian |
| County | Przeworsk |
| Gmina | Tryńcza |