title: Trinity Broadcasting Network

abstract: The Trinity Broadcasting Network is an international Christian-based broadcast television network and the world's largest religious television network. TBN was headquartered in Costa Mesa, California, until March 3, 2017, when it sold its highly visible office park, Trinity Christian City. The broadcaster retained its studios in nearby Tustin. Auxiliary studio facilities are located in Irving, Hendersonville, Gadsden, Decatur, Miami and Orlando, Tulsa and New York City. TBN has characterized itself as broadcasting programs hosted by a diverse group of ministries from Evangelical, traditional Protestant and Catholic denominations, non-profit charities, Messianic Jewish and other Christian media personalities. TBN also offers a wide range of original programming, faith-based films, and political opinion commentary from various distributors. TBN owns and operates six broadcast networks, each reaching separate demographics. In addition to the main TBN network, TBN owns TBN Inspire, Smile, Enlace, TBN Salsa and Positiv. It also owns several other religious networks outside the United States, including international versions of its five U.S. networks. Matt Crouch is currently TBN's president and head of operations.

text:
# Trinity Broadcasting Network

The **Trinity Broadcasting Network** (**TBN**; legally **Trinity Broadcasting of Texas, Inc.**) is an international Christian-based broadcast television network and the world's largest religious television network. TBN was headquartered in Costa Mesa, California, until March 3, 2017, when it sold its highly visible office park, Trinity Christian City. The broadcaster retained its studios in nearby Tustin.

Auxiliary studio facilities are located in Irving, Hendersonville, Gadsden, Decatur, Miami and Orlando, Tulsa and New York City. TBN has characterized itself as broadcasting programs hosted by a diverse group of ministries from Evangelical, traditional Protestant and Catholic denominations, non-profit charities, Messianic Jewish and other Christian media personalities. TBN also offers a wide range of original programming, faith-based films, and political opinion commentary from various distributors.

TBN owns and operates six broadcast networks, each reaching separate demographics. In addition to the main TBN network, TBN owns TBN Inspire, Smile, Enlace, TBN Salsa and Positiv. It also owns several other religious networks outside the United States, including international versions of its five U.S. networks. Matt Crouch is currently TBN's president and head of operations.

## History

The Trinity Broadcasting Network was co-founded as the **Trinity Broadcasting Systems** in 1973 by Paul Crouch, an Assemblies of God minister, and his spouse Jan Crouch. TBN began its broadcasting activities by renting time on the independent station KBSA (now UniMás owned-and-operated station KFTR-DT) in Ontario, California. After that station was sold, he began buying two hours a day of programming time on KLXA-TV in Fontana, California, in early 1974. That station was put up for sale shortly afterward. Paul Crouch then placed a bid to buy the station for $1 million and raised $100,000 for a down payment. After many struggles, the Crouches managed to raise the down payment and took over the station outright, with the station becoming KTBN-TV in 1977 and its city of license being reassigned to TBN's original homebase, Santa Ana, in 1983.

Initially, the station ran Christian programs for about six hours a day, expanding its programming to 12 hours a day by 1975, and began selling time to other Christian organizations to supplement its local programming. The station eventually instituted a 24-hour schedule in 1978.

The fledgling network was so weak in its first days, that, according to Crouch in his autobiography, *Hello World!*, it almost went bankrupt after just two days on the air. TBN began national distribution through cable television providers in 1978. The ministry, which became known as the Trinity Broadcasting Network, gained national distribution via communications satellite in 1982. The network was a member of the National Religious Broadcasters association until 1990.

In 1977, the ministry purchased KPAZ-TV in Phoenix, Arizona, becoming its second television station property. During the 1980s and 1990s, TBN purchased additional independent television stations and signed on new stations around the United States; the purchase of the existing stations was done in order to gain cable carriage, due to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC)'s must-carry rules. TBN's availability eventually expanded to 95% of American households by early 2005.

## Broadcast outlets

TBN owns 35 full-power television stations serving larger metropolitan areas in the United States; at its peak, the network also owned 252 low-power television stations, which are mixed among stations serving medium-sized cities and rural translator stations in order to maximize the network's reach as much as is permissible. TBN also has several hundred affiliate stations throughout the United States, although just 61 of these are full-power UHF or VHF stations; the rest are low-powered stations, requiring a viewer to be within several miles of the transmitter to receive the signal. According to *TVNewsCheck*, TBN was the third largest over-the-air television station group in the country as of 2010, besting the station groups of CBS, Fox and NBC, but behind Ion Media Networks and Univision Communications.

Many of TBN's stations are owned by the ministry outright, while others are owned through the subsidiary Community Educational Television, in order to own stations that TBN cannot acquire directly due to FCC ownership limits (which restrict companies from owning stations with a combined market reach of 39% of the United States), or are allocated for educational use and require additional programming to comply with that license purpose. TBN's programming is available by default via a national feed distributed to cable and satellite providers in markets without a local TBN station (this contrasts with the major commercial networks, which under FCC regulations, allow providers to import an owned-and-operated or affiliate station from a nearby market if no local over-the-air affiliate exists).

Worldwide, TBN's channels are broadcast on 70 satellites and over 18,000 television and cable affiliates. The TBN networks are also streamed live on the internet globally; the network also provides select archived shows on demand, through the website and select IPTV services.

During 2010, citing economic problems and a lack of donations, TBN closed down and sold many of its low-powered television repeaters. Of those, 17 were sold to another Christian television network, Daystar. On April 13, 2012, TBN sold 36 of its translators to Regal Media, a broadcasting group headed by George Cooney, the CEO of EUE/Screen Gems.

Another 151 translators were donated to the Minority Media and Television Council (MMTC), an organization designed to preserve equal opportunity and civil rights in the media; MMTC would later sell 78 of these translators to Luken Communications, parent company of the Retro Television Network. Four more translators in Dothan, Alabama; Kirksville, Missouri; Jonesboro, Arkansas; and Jackson, Tennessee, were sold by MMTC to New Moon Communications, with the intent to convert them into NBC affiliates. However, in September 2012, New Moon put all four of these translators for sale. Only Gray Television would purchase a transmitter in Dothan, which was converted into NBC affiliate WRGX-LD; the licenses in Ottumwa (KUMK-LP) and Jackson (WZMC-LP) would later be canceled (the NBC affiliate in Jackson, WNBJ-LD, operates using a different license). Its Jonesboro transmitter, KJNE-LP remained silent but with an active license; however, that market's ABC affiliate KAIT ended up obtaining the NBC affiliation instead, via a subchannel. KJNE-LP ended up becoming a translator station of Fox affiliate KJNB-LD. Another 44 of the licenses that were donated by TBN to the MMTC would be canceled on December 1, 2011, due to remaining silent for over a year.

On October 22, 2012, TBN acquired WRBJ-TV in Jackson, Mississippi from Roberts Broadcasting. Following FCC and bankruptcy court approval on January 17, 2013, TBN officially took over operational control of WRBJ on May 24, 2013, dropping all secular and CW network programming and converting it into a full-time satellite of TBN (the network was previously available in the Jackson area on WJKO-LP, which was later sold to Daystar).

On July 8, 2013, TBN announced an affiliation with the Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada religious station Miracle Channel; as part of the agreement, Miracle Channel added some of TBN's flagship programs, including *Praise The Lord* and *Behind The Scenes*, while TBN picked up programs shown on Miracle Channel, including services from the Springs Church (of which Miracle Channel CEO Leon Fontaine is a pastor), and *The Leon Show* on The Church Channel. Plans were also announced for Fontaine to become a regular host on *Praise the Lord* and four episodes per-year to originate from Canada, and for Miracle Channel and TBN co-produce a new weekly program.

In December 2023, TBN announced a distribution partnership with Phil McGraw's new venture Merit Street Media.

### Digital television

The signals of TBN's television stations are multiplexed into digital subchannels, which carry additional networks operated by the organization. These subchannels typically include:

## Programming

### Overview

TBN produces a variety of original Christian programs, such as gospel music concerts, live coverage of major Christian events, talk shows, health/fitness/nutrition programs with Christian family doctors, children's programs, contemporary Christian music videos, marriage enrichment series, holiday specials, Christian dramas, and full-length, family-oriented movies. In addition, the network airs local religious programming on each of their feeds.

The network's flagship program *Praise* is hosted by various regular and guest hosts, including TBN president Matt Crouch and his wife Laurie Crouch. It features interviews with celebrities, ministers, and laypeople discussing faith-based topics and their personal relationship with God; as well as musical performances from gospel and contemporary Christian artists. The program originated as *Praise the Lord*, was regularly hosted by TBN founders Paul and Jan Crouch, and was originally two or three hours long. Until 2017, local versions of *Praise the Lord* were produced by TBN owned-and-operated stations and affiliates in order to fulfill public affairs content guidelines.

#### Children's programming

TBN runs *VeggieTales* under the "Smile" banner on Saturdays 810 a.m Eastern Time to fulfill E/I programming requirements as per the FCC's Children's Television Act. Programs previously featured as part of the lineup, which are also broadcast on TBN's Smile network, ranged from contemporary programs (such as *3-2-1 Penguins!*), classic series (such as *Davey and Goliath*), and TBN originals (such as *iShine Knect* and *Mary Rice Hopkins & Puppets with a Heart*).

#### Regularly scheduled shows

Source:

#### Movies

Since 2009, TBN has broadcast feature-length religious- and/or inspirational-themed films; these films air primarily on weekend evenings (with films based on biblical stories most commonly airing on Sundays), with more contemporary films – which often incorporate moral lessons, faith-based lessons or a combination thereof, and are commonly targeted at youth audiences – airing on Saturday nights as part of the network's "preview" block of JUCE TV programs and intermittently on Monday through Fridays during the late-afternoon and overnight hours.

Films produced by or for TBN have included *The Revolutionary* and *The Revolutionary II* (based on the life of Jesus); *The Emissary* (a film on the life of the apostle Paul); *The Omega Code* and its sequel *Megiddo: The Omega Code 2*; *Carman: The Champion*; *Time Changer*; and *Six: The Mark Unleashed* (starring Stephen Baldwin and David A.R. White). Some of these films were produced by Gener8Xion Entertainment, TBN's Hollywood, California-based Christian motion picture studio, which was co-founded by Matt and Laurie Crouch.

TBN also broadcasts films from other production companies on its main network and some of its sister networks (in particular, JUCE TV and Smile of a Child TV in the U.S.). One notable film was Mel Gibson's *The Passion of the Christ*, which had its television premiere on TBN on April 17, 2011. TBN presented the film with much of the graphic violence included (due to its depiction of the events leading to and including the crucifixion of Jesus Christ as illustrated in Biblical teachings); as a result, TBN assigned a "TV-MA-V" rating for the film – a rarity for many Christian networks.

## TBN HD

On December 15, 2009, the Trinity Broadcasting Network became the first Christian television network to broadcast completely in high definition. However, until 2018 only the national cable-satellite feed was transmitted in HD; TBN's owned-and-operated broadcast stations were not equipped to allow HD broadcasts due partly to the bandwidth limitations caused by its mandatory carriage of five subchannels over a single broadcast signal and the lack of a modern multiplexer at the transmitter level, disallowing TBN's master control from sending the main feed in high definition or widescreen standard definition (this is in comparison to Ion Media Networks, which carries five to six multiplex services on most of its stations – including its flagship network Ion Television, which is transmitted in high-definition); the primary TBN network feed is transmitted in standard-definition by its owned-and-operated stations and affiliates. Thus, widescreen programming on TBN's broadcast services was offered over-the-air in a letterboxed 4:3 picture format, though it is offered in native formats on pay television and IPTV services (including TBN's mobile and digital media player apps, the latter requiring email authentication and an opt-in to the network's mailing list as of June 2018). At some point in 2018, some TBN over-the-air stations upgraded their primary feed and second subchannel to 720p HD, where available and/or technically possible.

## Charitable and humanitarian initiatives

### Smile of a Child Foundation

The Smile of a Child Foundation is a compassion-focused ministry, founded in 2005 by TBN co-founder Jan Crouch initially as a vehicle to reach the children of Haiti, providing food, medical care, toys and disaster relief to people in need. Crouch has over 20 years of personal involvement with the island country, having established a children's hospital, an orphanage and a school in Haiti. TBN spent millions in donations and other funding on these humanitarian projects.

Following the January 12, 2010, Haiti earthquake, TBN made immediate contributions of $100,000 through Lake Charles, Louisiana-based Friend Ships, which speeds emergency relief aid and medical expertise all over the world in its fleet of dedicated cargo/ministry ships. Friend Ships has been partnering with TBN and Smile since 1992; Paul Crouch personally donated a Bell 206 Jet Ranger helicopter to the humanitarian organization.

In May 2009, the United Nations officially recommended the Smile of a Child Foundation to receive special consultative status with the Economic and Social Council for the Democracy Coalition Project.

## Attractions

### Trinity Music City

Trinity Music City is an entertainment complex in Hendersonville, Tennessee; near Nashville, operated by TBN and serving as the studios for TBN's Nashville-area station, WPGD-TV. Formerly known as "Twitty City", the former estate of country music legend Conway Twitty, the complex includes the 2,000-seat Trinity Music City Church Auditorium, which is used for TBN-produced concerts, dramas, seminars and special events. A 50-seat virtual reality theater showcases four original productions from TBN Films.

### Trinity Christian City International

Trinity Christian City International was a complex in Costa Mesa, California, which served as the headquarters for TBN as well as a tourist attraction. On March 3, 2017, it was announced by The Christian media network that Trinity Christian City International had been sold to Greenlaw Partners, because TBN now finds its campus "obsolete". A sales price was not disclosed. On April 12, 2017, it was revealed that the sales price was $18.25 million.

### Holy Land Experience

In June 2007, TBN purchased the bible-themed adventure park Holy Land Experience in Orlando, Florida, for $37 million.

## Controversies

### Theology

Trinity Broadcasting Network had previously come under heavy criticism for its promotion of the prosperity gospel, teaching viewers that they will receive a reward if they donate or give offerings. In a 2004 interview with the *Los Angeles Times*, Paul Crouch, Jr. expressed his disappointment that "the prosperity gospel is a lightning rod for the Body of Christ. It's not what drives TBN." Under leadership of Matt Crouch, TBN no longer adheres to or practices that theology, and programming changes such as removing Kenneth Copeland reflect that shift.

TBN has always broadcast programming featuring Protestant pastors who do not promote the prosperity gospel, such as Charles Stanley, Jack Graham, Franklin Graham, Billy Graham, Michael Youssef, David Jeremiah and Robert Jeffress. Senator Chuck Grassley, the chairman of the United States Senate Committee on Finance, has conducted investigations into whether Joyce Meyer and Benny Hinn mishandled their finances; neither were found to have committed wrongdoing.

Scholar Steve Snow states that TBN "regularly promotes the teachings of the \[New Apostolic Reformation\]", which he argues "represents what Richard Hofstadter referred to as the modern paranoid style in American politics".

### Wealth and transparency

TBN is a 501(c)(3) non-profit company. Full disclosure of TBN's financial statements have been evaluated by Charity Navigator, the largest evaluator of charities and non-profit companies in the U.S. TBN has received a three out of four star rating for four consecutive years, and in 2009 earned a rating of two out of four stars due to a 2% increase in administrative costs in 2009; the report also revealed that for the fiscal year ending December 2009, TBN president Paul Crouch, Sr. earned $419,500; co-vice president Jan Crouch earned $361,000; and co-vice president Paul Crouch, Jr. earned $214,137. TBN is currently under Donor Advisory status with Charity Navigator.

Another charity watchdog group, Ministry Watch, gave TBN an "F" in 2011 for its failure to provide financial statements, lack of timeliness in responding to correspondence, and its lack of clarity in the provided information. As a result, TBN was placed on the group's alert list annually since 2009.

TBN's annual financial information is monitored by the Chronicle of Philanthropy, where it is ranked 243 out of the top 400 non-profit corporations in the United States. TBN is not a member of the Evangelical Council for Financial Accountability.

In 2011, Paul Crouch, Jr. resigned from his position as co-vice president on TBN. On November 10 of that year, Crouch, Jr. joined The Word Network as its Director of Project Development.

In February 2012, Brittany Koper, TBN's former Director of Finance (and the daughter of Paul Crouch Jr.), filed a lawsuit against her former attorneys, Davert & Loe. The three counts of the complaint were for breach of fiduciary duties, intentional infliction of emotional distress, and professional negligence. In this lawsuit, Koper alleged that TBN unlawfully distributed over $50 million to the ministry's directors. Koper filed the suit following the termination of her employment with TBN. Davert & Loe, who also represented TBN, denied her claims. Koper's suit against Davert & Loe is pending; no official judicial ruling has been made in this matter. In a May 2012 interview with *The New York Times*, Koper claimed, "My job as finance director was to find ways to label extravagant personal spending as ministry expenses." Koper alleged that the network had herself and chauffeurs and sound engineers ordained as ministers in order to avoid paying Social Security taxes on their salaries.

### Lawsuits

In September 2004, the *Los Angeles Times* reported that Paul Crouch had paid former TBN employee Enoch Lonnie Ford a $425,000 formal settlement to end a wrongful termination lawsuit in 1998. Ford alleged that he and Crouch had a homosexual tryst during his employment with the ministry. TBN officials acknowledged the settlement but contested Ford's credibility, noting that he had previously been convicted for child molestation and drug abuse. In 1996, Ford was fired by TBN after he was arrested for drug-related offenses and returned to prison for a year. Ford allegedly threatened to sue TBN for wrongful termination and sexual harassment after the network refused to hire him following his release, resulting in his claims against Crouch. TBN officials stated that the settlement was made in order to avoid a lengthy and expensive lawsuit.

In late 2003, Ford attempted to extort Crouch, threatening to release an autobiographical manuscript of their alleged affair if TBN did not purchase the document for $10 million. In October 2004, Judge Robert J. O'Neill awarded Crouch $136,000 in legal fees to be paid by Ford for his violation of the terms of the settlement agreement, specifically the prohibition of discussing the details of the settlement. On March 15, 2005, Ford appeared on the PAX TV reality series *Lie Detector* to be given a polygraph test; the results of the test were never broadcast or made public.

In June 2012, the *Orange County Register* reported that Carra Crouch, a granddaughter of Paul and Jan Crouch, alleged in a lawsuit that she had been raped by a TBN employee when she was 13 years old. Carra claimed to have been sexually abused while staying at an Atlanta hotel during TBN's "Spring Praise-a-Thon" in 2006. She also claimed that Jan Crouch and TBN attorney John Casoria blamed her for the incident, yet agreed not to turn the fired employee in to authorities if he did not file for unemployment, worker's comp or EEOC benefits. TBN attorney Colby May "vehemently denied" Carra's claims. In 2017, a year after Jan Crouch's death, a jury awarded Carra $2 million in damages for "mental suffering", but found that Jan had not been acting as a "Trinity Clergy Member" and therefore wasn't legally required to report the assault.

### Pre-emption of programs due to criticism of other religions

Bible prophecy scholar Hal Lindsey's program *International Intelligence Briefing*, which occasionally aired commentary segments criticizing Muslims and Islam, aired on TBN from 1994 to 2005. In December 2005, TBN pre-empted the program for the entire month. Lindsey accused the network of censorship, saying, "some at the network apparently feel that my message is too pro-Israel and too anti-Muslim." Paul Crouch issued a press release stating that the show was only pre-empted for Christmas programming, but eventually admitted that TBN management was concerned that Lindsey "placed Arabs in a negative light." Lindsey resigned from TBN on January 1, 2006, effectively canceling *International Intelligence Briefing*. However, one year later, Crouch and Lindsey reconciled and a new program, *The Hal Lindsey Report*, premiered on the network.

In June 2011, TBN refused to rebroadcast an episode of Jack Van Impe's weekly program *Jack Van Impe Presents*, in which the evangelist criticized pastors Rick Warren and Robert Schuller for participating in interfaith conferences alongside Muslim leaders. Both Warren and Schuller denied the accusations. Paul Crouch defended TBN's decision, stating that it was against network policy for personalities to attack each other on-air (Schuller had a regular show on TBN). As a result, Jack Van Impe Ministries announced that it would no longer air Van Impe's program on TBN.

### *Travel the Road* in Afghanistan

TBN produces and airs the Christian reality show *Travel the Road*, which features missionaries Tim Scott and Will Decker in remote and often war-torn locations. In December 2008, the program attracted criticism from the Military Religious Freedom Foundation (MRFF), a watchdog group that looks for religious discrimination in the United States military, which claimed that Scott and Decker were embedded with U.S. troops stationed in Afghanistan. According to MRFF president Mikey Weinstein, the military exercises a "complete prohibition of the proselytizing of any religion, faith, or practice...You see \[Scott and Decker\] wearing American helmets. It is obvious they were completely embedded." When ABC News contacted the U.S. Army in Afghanistan about Scott and Decker's alleged embed, which had taken place four years previously, they said that they no longer had the documentation of the missionaries' status with the troops.

Scott defended the trip to Afghanistan, telling ABC, "It wasn't like we were hiding in the back saying we're going to preach. \[The military\] knew what we were doing. We told them that we were born again Christians, we're here doing ministry, we shoot for this TV station and we want to embed and see what it was like. We were interviewing the chaplains and we talked to them. We spoke at the services and things like that. So we did do our mission being over there as far as being able to document what the soldiers go through, what it's like in Afghanistan. So I could say that we were on a secular mission as well as far as documenting. I would say we were news reporters as well, we were delivering news of what was actually happening there, but we were also there to document the Christian side." Scott argued that since the pair were acting as Christian journalists, they had the same right to cover the war in Afghanistan as secular networks.

## Awards and honors

## InfoBox

Trinity Broadcasting Network
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Type | Religious broadcast television network |
| Country | United States |
| Broadcast area | Worldwide |
| Headquarters | Tustin, California |
| Programming | |
| Language(s) | English |
| Picture format | * 720p/1080i HDTV * (broadcast affiliates exclusively transmit TBN programming in SD) |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Trinity Broadcasting of Texas, Inc. <br>(a non-profit church corporation) |
| Key people |  |
| History | |
| Founded | 1973 (1973) |
| Launched | 1973 (1973) |
| Founder | Paul and Jan Crouch |
| Former names | Trinity Broadcasting Systems |
| Links | |
| Website | www.tbn.org |
| Availability | |
|  | |
| Terrestrial | |
| Available on full-power and some low-power stations in most markets | See list of affiliates |
| Streaming media | |
| Digital media receiver | Roku |
| Digital media receiver | Apple TV |
| Digital media receiver | Amazon Fire TV |
| Watch TBN | Watch live<br>(Free account required) |
|  | |


title: Make Me Want To

abstract: "Make Me Want To" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music singer Jimmie Allen. It is his second single overall, and the second from his 2018 debut album Mercury Lane. Allen wrote the song with Paul Sikes and Jennifer Denmark, and Ash Bowers co-produced it with Eric Torres. "Make Me Want To" gave Allen his second number one hit on the Billboard Country Airplay chart. Its 58-week climb to number one is considered one of the longest climbs in that chart's history. The song also peaked at numbers seven and 49 on both the Hot Country Songs and Hot 100 charts respectively. It was certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), and has sold 34,000 copies in the US as of March 2020. It achieved similar chart prominence in Canada, reaching number five on the Country chart. An accompanying music video for the single, directed by Justin Nolan Key, features Allen casting spells by waving a magical wand.

text:
# Make Me Want To

"**Make Me Want To**" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music singer Jimmie Allen. It is his second single overall, and the second from his 2018 debut album *Mercury Lane*. Allen wrote the song with Paul Sikes and Jennifer Denmark, and Ash Bowers co-produced it with Eric Torres. "Make Me Want To" gave Allen his second number one hit on the *Billboard* Country Airplay chart. Its 58-week climb to number one is considered one of the longest climbs in that chart's history. The song also peaked at numbers seven and 49 on both the Hot Country Songs and Hot 100 charts respectively. It was certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), and has sold 34,000 copies in the US as of March 2020. It achieved similar chart prominence in Canada, reaching number five on the Country chart. An accompanying music video for the single, directed by Justin Nolan Key, features Allen casting spells by waving a magical wand.

## Content and history

*Taste of Country* described it as an "easy love song" similar in tone to its predecessor, "Best Shot". Allen himself said of the song that "I'm a sensitive guy. A lot of times I catch feelings fast, maybe too fast. It's a song about a guy that meets a girl and he catches feeling and he's not afraid to tell her".

## Commercial performance

"Make Me Want To" reached number one on the *Billboard* Country Airplay chart dated March 7, 2020. Having topped the chart in its 58th chart week, the song set two records: the longest climb to number one and the longest overall chart run in that chart's history, having surpassed Rodney Atkins's "Caught Up in the Country", which logged 57 weeks in 2018–2019. Both records have since been broken by Travis Denning's single "After a Few", which extended its run on the chart to 60 weeks in May 2020 and reached number one in its 65th chart week in June 2020. On the *Billboard* Hot 100, it debuted at number 84 the week of January 11. Eight weeks later, it peaked at number 49 the week of February 22, and stayed on the chart for ten weeks. On December 9, 2020, the song was certified platinum by the RIAA in the US, denoting combined sales and streams for over a million units. It has sold 34,000 copies as of March 2020.

## Music video

A lyric video for "Make Me Want To" premiered on Allen's YouTube channel on January 29, 2019. The official music video, directed by Justin Nolan Key, premiered in May 2019. The video features Allen casting spells with a magic wand given to him by a fairy godmother. In an interview with CMT, Allen explained that he was a fan of Disney, *Harry Potter* and *The Notebook*, and wanted to film something that brought all three of his favorites together, adding that this was "the first of a five-part music video collection."

## Live performance

On December 27, 2018, Allen performed "Make Me Want To" on NBC's *Today*.

## Charts

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Canada (Music Canada) | Gold | 40,000 |
| United States (RIAA) | Platinum | 1,000,000 |
| Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## InfoBox

| "Make Me Want To" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Jimmie Allen | |
| from the album  *Mercury Lane* | |
| Released | February 1, 2019 (2019-02-01) |
| Genre | Country |
| Length | 2:52 |
| Label | Stoney Creek |
| Songwriter(s) | * Jimmie Allen * Paul Sikes * Jennifer Denmark |
| Producer(s) |  |
| Jimmie Allen singles chronology | |
| "Best Shot"
(2018) "**Make Me Want To**"
(2019) "This Is Us"
(2020) | |
|  | |
| Music video | |
| "Make Me Want To" on YouTube | |
|  | |


title: Parirazona dolorosa

abstract: Parirazona dolorosa is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Santa Catarina, Brazil and sometimes in Western Brazil

text:
# Parirazona dolorosa

***Parirazona dolorosa*** is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Santa Catarina, Brazil and sometimes in Western Brazil

## InfoBox

| *Parirazona dolorosa* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Tortricidae |
| Genus: | *Parirazona* |
| Species: | ***P. dolorosa*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Parirazona dolorosa***<br>(Meyrick, 1932) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Phtheochroa dolorosa* Meyrick, 1932 | |


title: London After Midnight (band)

abstract: London After Midnight is an American rock band from California. Formed in 1990 by songwriter and instrumentalist Sean Brennan, London After Midnight has a following worldwide, with a large fan base in the goth subculture. However, in interviews Brennan has shunned the use of this label and others to describe his music, calling it "artistically limiting".

text:
# London After Midnight (band)

**London After Midnight** is an American rock band from California. Formed in 1990 by songwriter and instrumentalist Sean Brennan, London After Midnight has a following worldwide, with a large fan base in the goth subculture. However, in interviews Brennan has shunned the use of this label and others to describe his music, calling it "artistically limiting".

## Ideology and themes

Brennan is known for his support of animal rights, pro-environmental and human rights issues, anti-corporate control of media, and progressive and liberal politics. He voices this support through London After Midnight Internet outlets, such as their official website and music.

## History

London After Midnight formed in Los Angeles, California, and played at several clubs in the area starting in late 1990, with a debut concert at Los Angeles gothic rock club, Helter Skelter.

In the early days London After Midnight had various temporary members who joined Brennan when performing live, but did not perform on the albums. Tamlyn is credited on the first cassette recordings, co-authored the opening track "This Paradise" on 'Selected Scenes From The End of the World', contributed an instrumental called "Ice" for the 1998 release of *Oddities* at Brennan's request, and an instrumental entitled "Perversion" on the 93' Ruins demo tape released as a preview of what was to become their second album, *Psycho Magnet*.

### Early performance lineups

After garnering a fanbase aided by the release of a self-titled demo, London After Midnight released their debut album *Selected Scenes from the End of the World* in 1991. Special effects artist Nick Benson played bass guitar in an early lineup of the band, and participated in songwriting. In 1992 bassist Michael Areklett joined the lineup after the resignation of live bassist Rob Podzunas. Like Tamlyn, Michael Areklett appeared live as a recurring member, rather than a guest. Around this period, Douglas Avery also joined, replacing live drummer Ian Haas. Eddie Hawkins was part of the original live line up, but was replaced in 1990. John Koviak performed live on bass from 1990–1992.

#### Touring and releases

In the earliest days the live band played mainly on the West Coast of the United States. Following the release of the self-titled debut, LAM gradually expanded their Californian fan base, eventually traveling to Mexico in 1994 (something few alternative acts were doing at the time) and progressing to tour the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, South America and further in the United States.

Brennan then expanded on the original demo release and recorded more songs for "Selected Scenes from the End of the World" released in late 1992.

Coinciding with the release of the follow-up album *Psycho Magnet* in 1996, London After Midnight headlined the Whitby Gothic Weekend in England, among other concerts in the UK, Europe, Mexico and the US. At this time, Brennan had begun to expand musically. The project continued on with a third album titled *Oddities* released in 1998, featuring a cover of a track named "Sally's Song" from the film *The Nightmare Before Christmas*. This CD was different from other releases in that it featured acoustic and ethereal alternative mixes of songs, along with a few new tracks.

Around this time London After Midnight was garnering international press and was featured on the covers of many magazines, while co-headlining major concert festivals like the Zillo summer festival, with The Cure and Green Day. LAM has since toured the world extensively playing alongside other popular bands such as Green Day, HIM (who have cited LAM as an influence), Rammstein, Soft Cell, and others, headlining and co-headlining to crowds of over 30,000 in Latin America, the US and Europe.

### Recent times

The album, *Violent Acts of Beauty*, was released in 2007. LAM has, however, re-released (in 2003) two of the past three releases in Europe and the Russian Federation, (which charted on the Deutsche Alternative Charts) adding previously unreleased bonus tracks.

In 2006, a new London After Midnight song was released on the *Saw II* motion picture soundtrack.

In February 2007, a teaser trailer for London After Midnight's fourth studio album *Violent Acts of Beauty* was released on the band's official website and YouTube page. The trailer stated that the album was due for a spring/summer 2007 release. The album itself was released in fall 2007 (North America). To promote the new album, they played at various festivals in Europe (Greece, Portugal, France, Spain, Belgium, Germany) with bands such as Kirlian Camera, Dope Stars, and Noctivagus.

## Live members

### Current live band members

* Sean Brennan – songwriting, vocals, guitar, bass, cello, violin, keyboards, programming, drums (1989–present)
* Pete Pace – live drums (2008–present)
* Michael Areklett – live bass (2018–present)
* Jeremy Kohnmann – live guitar (2022-present)

### Former live members

* Tamlyn – keyboards, sounds, samplers, recorded on 'London After Midnight' demo, 1991, 'Selected Scenes From The End Of The World', 1994 (1&2)(1989–2003)
* Joe S. – drums (live and recorded for *Violent Acts of Beauty* & *Saw II* soundtrack) (2001–2008)
* Trouble Valli – live guitar (one concert only) (2008)
* Eddie Hawkins – live guitar (1989–1990, 2001–2008)
* Ian Haas – live drums (1988–1992)
* John Koviak – live bass/guitar (1989–1992)
* Douglas Avery – live drums (1992–1999)
* Rob Podzunas – live bass (1992–1992)
* Stacy – live guitar
* Michael Areklett – live bass (1992–2005)Rejoined on bass 2018-current
* William Skye – live guitar (1992–1999)
* Matthew Setzer – live guitar (2008–2019)
* Randy Mathias – live bass (2005–2018)

## Discography

### Albums

* *Selected Scenes from the End of the World* (1992) (re-release with bonus tracks 2003 and 2008)
* *Psycho Magnet* (1996) (re-release with bonus tracks 2003 and 2008)
* *Violent Acts of Beauty* (2007)

### EPs

* *Kiss* (1995)

### Demos

* *London After Midnight* (1991)
* *Ruins* (1993)

### Other

* *Oddities* (1998) (re-release 2008) - compilation
* *Selected Scenes from the End of the World: 9119* (2019) - first album remix
* *Live from Isolation* (2020) - live
* *Oddities Too* (2022) - compilation

## Videography

* *Innocence Lost...* (1993), then re-released in 1998 with 2 new songs and extra footage

## InfoBox

| London After Midnight | |
| --- | --- |
| London After Midnight at Wave-Gotik-Treffen 2019 in Germany | |
| Background information | |
| Origin | California, U.S. |
| Genres |  |
| Years active | 1990–present |
| Labels | Metropolis Records (North America)
Trisol Music Group (Germany/Europe)
Irond (Russia) |
|  | |
| Members | Sean Brennan
*see also Live band members* |
|  | |
| Website | londonaftermidnight.com |


title: 1967–68 Minnesota North Stars season

abstract: The 1967–68 Minnesota North Stars season was the team's inaugural season in the National Hockey League (NHL). They finished fourth in the West Division with a record of 27 wins, 32 losses, and 15 ties for 69 points. In the playoffs, they defeated the Los Angeles Kings in seven games in the Quarter-finals before losing to the St. Louis Blues in the Semi-finals, also in seven games.

text:
# 1967–68 Minnesota North Stars season

The **1967–68 Minnesota North Stars season** was the team's inaugural season in the National Hockey League (NHL). They finished fourth in the West Division with a record of 27 wins, 32 losses, and 15 ties for 69 points. In the playoffs, they defeated the Los Angeles Kings in seven games in the Quarter-finals before losing to the St. Louis Blues in the Semi-finals, also in seven games.

## Offseason

On March 11, 1965, NHL President Clarence Campbell announced that the league would expand to twelve teams from six through the creation of a new six-team division for the 1967–68 season. In response to Campbell's announcement, a partnership of nine men, led by Walter Bush and John Driscoll, was formed to seek a franchise for the Twin Cities area of Minnesota. Their efforts were successful as the NHL awarded one of six expansion franchises to Minnesota on February 9, 1966. In addition to Minnesota, the five other franchises were California (Oakland), Los Angeles, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh and St. Louis. The "North Stars" name was announced on May 25, 1966, following a public contest. The name is derived from the state's motto "L'Étoile du Nord", which is a French phrase meaning "The Star of the North". Months after the naming of the team, ground was broken on October 3, 1966, for a new hockey arena in Bloomington, Minnesota. The home of the North Stars, the Metropolitan Sports Center (or Met Center for short), was built in 12 months at a cost of US$7 million. The arena was ready for play for the start of the 1967–68 NHL season, but portions of the arena's construction had not been completed. Spectator seats were in the process of being installed as fans arrived at the arena for the opening home game on October 21, 1967.

## Regular season

### Bill Masterton

On January 13, 1968, four minutes into a game against the Seals at the Met Center, North Stars center Bill Masterton was checked by Oakland's Larry Cahan and Ron Harris and fell backwards onto the ice head-first. The force of the back of his head hitting the ice damaged the pons and caused severe hemorrhaging, as blood gushed from his mouth and nose. Masterton was taken to hospital where he died two days later, becoming the only player ever to die as a result of an on-ice injury.

### Final standings

West Division
|  |  | GP | W | L | T | GF | GA | DIFF | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Philadelphia Flyers | 74 | 31 | 32 | 11 | 173 | 179 | −6 | 73 |
| 2 | Los Angeles Kings | 74 | 31 | 33 | 10 | 200 | 224 | −24 | 72 |
| 3 | St. Louis Blues | 74 | 27 | 31 | 16 | 177 | 191 | −14 | 70 |
| 4 | Minnesota North Stars | 74 | 27 | 32 | 15 | 191 | 226 | −35 | 69 |
| 5 | Pittsburgh Penguins | 74 | 27 | 34 | 13 | 195 | 216 | −21 | 67 |
| 6 | Oakland Seals | 74 | 15 | 42 | 17 | 153 | 219 | −66 | 47 |

### Record vs. opponents

## Schedule and results

| No. | R | Date | Score | Opponent | Record |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | T | October 11, 1967 | 2–2 | @ St. Louis Blues (1967–68) | 0–0–1 |
| 2 | L | October 14, 1967 | 0–6 | @ Oakland Seals (1967–68) | 0–1–1 |
| 3 | L | October 15, 1967 | 3–5 | @ Los Angeles Kings (1967–68) | 0–2–1 |
| 4 | T | October 18, 1967 | 3–3 | @ Pittsburgh Penguins (1967–68) | 0–2–2 |
| 5 | W | October 21, 1967 | 3–1 | Oakland Seals (1967–68) | 1–2–2 |
| 6 | W | October 25, 1967 | 3–2 | St. Louis Blues (1967–68) | 2–2–2 |
| 7 | L | October 28, 1967 | 2–4 | Chicago Black Hawks (1967–68) | 2–3–2 |
| 8 | L | November 1, 1967 | 1–4 | Pittsburgh Penguins (1967–68) | 2–4–2 |
| 9 | W | November 2, 1967 | 3–1 | @ Philadelphia Flyers (1967–68) | 3–4–2 |
| 10 | T | November 4, 1967 | 2–2 | Los Angeles Kings (1967–68) | 3–4–3 |
| 11 | W | November 8, 1967 | 5–1 | St. Louis Blues (1967–68) | 4–4–3 |
| 12 | W | November 11, 1967 | 2–1 | Toronto Maple Leafs (1967–68) | 5–4–3 |
| 13 | L | November 15, 1967 | 1–5 | Montreal Canadiens (1967–68) | 5–5–3 |
| 14 | T | November 18, 1967 | 2–2 | Philadelphia Flyers (1967–68) | 5–5–4 |
| 15 | L | November 19, 1967 | 2–5 | @ New York Rangers (1967–68) | 5–6–4 |
| 16 | L | November 22, 1967 | 0–3 | @ Toronto Maple Leafs (1967–68) | 5–7–4 |
| 17 | L | November 25, 1967 | 1–4 | Chicago Black Hawks (1967–68) | 5–8–4 |
| 18 | L | November 26, 1967 | 1–2 | @ Chicago Black Hawks (1967–68) | 5–9–4 |
| 19 | L | November 29, 1967 | 1–5 | @ Boston Bruins (1967–68) | 5–10–4 |
| 20 | T | November 30, 1967 | 1–1 | @ Montreal Canadiens (1967–68) | 5–10–5 |
| 21 | W | December 2, 1967 | 5–1 | @ St. Louis Blues (1967–68) | 6–10–5 |
| 22 | W | December 3, 1967 | 4–3 | @ Chicago Black Hawks (1967–68) | 7–10–5 |
| 23 | T | December 6, 1967 | 1–1 | Toronto Maple Leafs (1967–68) | 7–10–6 |
| 24 | L | December 9, 1967 | 2–3 | Pittsburgh Penguins (1967–68) | 7–11–6 |
| 25 | W | December 10, 1967 | 7–4 | @ Pittsburgh Penguins (1967–68) | 8–11–6 |
| 26 | W | December 13, 1967 | 4–0 | Los Angeles Kings (1967–68) | 9–11–6 |
| 27 | W | December 15, 1967 | 3–0 | @ Los Angeles Kings (1967–68) | 10–11–6 |
| 28 | W | December 16, 1967 | 1–0 | @ Oakland Seals (1967–68) | 11–11–6 |
| 29 | L | December 21, 1967 | 0–6 | @ Philadelphia Flyers (1967–68) | 11–12–6 |
| 30 | L | December 23, 1967 | 0–4 | @ Pittsburgh Penguins (1967–68) | 11–13–6 |
| 31 | L | December 25, 1967 | 0–1 | St. Louis Blues (1967–68) | 11–14–6 |
| 32 | T | December 27, 1967 | 3–3 | @ New York Rangers (1967–68) | 11–14–7 |
| 33 | L | December 28, 1967 | 2–6 | @ Montreal Canadiens (1967–68) | 11–15–7 |
| 34 | W | December 30, 1967 | 5–4 | Boston Bruins (1967–68) | 12–15–7 |
| 35 | W | January 3, 1968 | 6–0 | Los Angeles Kings (1967–68) | 13–15–7 |
| 36 | T | January 6, 1968 | 5–5 | @ Oakland Seals (1967–68) | 13–15–8 |
| 37 | W | January 10, 1968 | 6–4 | Philadelphia Flyers (1967–68) | 14–15–8 |
| 38 | T | January 13, 1968 | 2–2 | Oakland Seals (1967–68) | 14–15–9 |
| 39 | L | January 14, 1968 | 2–9 | @ Boston Bruins (1967–68) | 14–16–9 |
| 40 | L | January 17, 1968 | 0–5 | @ St. Louis Blues (1967–68) | 14–17–9 |
| 41 | L | January 18, 1968 | 2–4 | Philadelphia Flyers (1967–68) | 14–18–9 |
| 42 | L | January 20, 1968 | 1–5 | @ Toronto Maple Leafs (1967–68) | 14–19–9 |
| 43 | W | January 21, 1968 | 4–3 | Pittsburgh Penguins (1967–68) | 15–19–9 |
| 44 | L | January 24, 1968 | 2–5 | @ St. Louis Blues (1967–68) | 15–20–9 |
| 45 | W | January 25, 1968 | 3–0 | @ Philadelphia Flyers (1967–68) | 16–20–9 |
| 46 | W | January 27, 1968 | 3–1 | Oakland Seals (1967–68) | 17–20–9 |
| 47 | W | January 28, 1968 | 2–1 | Detroit Red Wings (1967–68) | 18–20–9 |
| 48 | W | January 31, 1968 | 6–1 | Los Angeles Kings (1967–68) | 19–20–9 |
| 49 | L | February 3, 1968 | 1–8 | @ Detroit Red Wings (1967–68) | 19–21–9 |
| 50 | W | February 4, 1968 | 4–3 | Oakland Seals (1967–68) | 20–21–9 |
| 51 | W | February 7, 1968 | 4–2 | @ Los Angeles Kings (1967–68) | 21–21–9 |
| 52 | W | February 10, 1968 | 5–2 | @ Oakland Seals (1967–68) | 22–21–9 |
| 53 | L | February 11, 1968 | 2–3 | Philadelphia Flyers (1967–68) | 22–22–9 |
| 54 | L | February 14, 1968 | 3–6 | @ Pittsburgh Penguins (1967–68) | 22–23–9 |
| 55 | L | February 15, 1968 | 2–6 | New York Rangers (1967–68) | 22–24–9 |
| 56 | T | February 17, 1968 | 2–2 | St. Louis Blues (1967–68) | 22–24–10 |
| 57 | W | February 21, 1968 | 5–3 | Boston Bruins (1967–68) | 23–24–10 |
| 58 | L | February 22, 1968 | 3–7 | @ Philadelphia Flyers (1967–68) | 23–25–10 |
| 59 | L | February 24, 1968 | 1–3 | @ Detroit Red Wings (1967–68) | 23–26–10 |
| 60 | T | February 25, 1968 | 3–3 | Oakland Seals (1967–68) | 23–26–11 |
| 61 | L | February 28, 1968 | 3–6 | @ Oakland Seals (1967–68) | 23–27–11 |
| 62 | W | March 2, 1968 | 3–2 | Montreal Canadiens (1967–68) | 24–27–11 |
| 63 | T | March 7, 1968 | 2–2 | Pittsburgh Penguins (1967–68) | 24–27–12 |
| 64 | T | March 9, 1968 | 1–1 | New York Rangers (1967–68) | 24–27–13 |
| 65 | L | March 10, 1968 | 0–2 | @ Philadelphia Flyers (1967–68) | 24–28–13 |
| 66 | L | March 13, 1968 | 2–4 | Philadelphia Flyers (1967–68) | 24–29–13 |
| 67 | L | March 16, 1968 | 1–2 | Los Angeles Kings (1967–68) | 24–30–13 |
| 68 | W | March 17, 1968 | 5–1 | Detroit Red Wings (1967–68) | 25–30–13 |
| 69 | T | March 20, 1968 | 3–3 | @ Los Angeles Kings (1967–68) | 25–30–14 |
| 70 | W | March 23, 1968 | 3–0 | Pittsburgh Penguins (1967–68) | 26–30–14 |
| 71 | T | March 24, 1968 | 4–4 | @ Pittsburgh Penguins (1967–68) | 26–30–15 |
| 72 | W | March 27, 1968 | 5–3 | @ Los Angeles Kings (1967–68) | 27–30–15 |
| 73 | L | March 30, 1968 | 2–3 | @ St. Louis Blues (1967–68) | 27–31–15 |
| 74 | L | March 31, 1968 | 3–5 | St. Louis Blues (1967–68) | 27–32–15 |

## Playoffs

The North Stars, having squeaked into the playoffs by two points (having the same number of wins as Pittsburgh but with two more ties) would play the #2 seed in the newly created Western Division side of the postseason bracket, since the expansion from six to twelve teams put all the new teams in the Western that would ensure one of them to play in the Stanley Cup. At any rate, Minnesota would play in five overtime games in their fourteen postseason matches, winning just two of them. The North Stars, facing the chance to go to the Stanley Cup, took the lead in Game 7 on Walt McKechnie's goal with 3:11 to play. However, the Blues followed it up 31 seconds later with a goal from Dickie Moore that would mean overtime. Cesare Maniago and Glenn Hall combined for 80 saves, but Ron Schock's "Midnight Goal" in double-overtime (it would be known as the "Midnight Goal" by numerous fans) to send the Blues to the Final.

**Stanley Cup Quarterfinals**

| **Game** | **Date** | **Location** | **Score** | **Record** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | April 4 | Los Angeles | 1–2 | 1–0 |
| 2 | April 6 | Los Angeles | 0–2 | 2–0 |
| 3 | April 9 | Minnesota | 7–5 | 2–1 |
| 4 | April 11 | Minnesota | 3–2 | 2–2 |
| 5 | April 13 | Los Angeles | 2–3 | 2–3 |
| 6 | April 16 | Minnesota | 4–3 (OT) | 3–3 |
| 7 | April 18 | Los Angeles | 9–4 | 4–3 |
|

*North Stars win series 4–3*

**Stanley Cup Semifinals**

| **Game** | **Date** | **Location** | **Score** | **Record** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | April 21 | St. Louis | 3–5 | 1–0 |
| 2 | April 22 | Minnesota | 3–2 (OT) | 1–1 |
| 3 | April 25 | St. Louis | 5–1 | 2–1 |
| 4 | April 27 | St. Louis | 3–4 (OT) | 2–2 |
| 5 | April 29 | St. Louis | 2–3 (OT) | 2–3 |
| 6 | May 1 | Minnesota | 5–1 | 3–3 |
| 7 | May 3 | St. Louis | 1–2 (2OT) | 3–4 |
|

*North Stars lose series 4–3*

In the first round of the Western Division playoffs, the North Stars defeated the Los Angeles Kings in seven games. The second round of the playoff series would be played against the St. Louis Blues and that series would go to seven games as well. The Blues would win the seventh game and advance to face the Montreal Canadiens in the 1968 Stanley Cup Finals.

## Player statistics

### Forwards

*Note: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; PIM = Penalty minutes*

| Player | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Wayne Connelly | 74 | 35 | 21 | 56 | 40 |
| Ray Cullen | 67 | 28 | 25 | 53 | 18 |
| Andre Boudrias | 74 | 18 | 35 | 53 | 42 |
| Dave Balon | 73 | 15 | 32 | 47 | 84 |
| Parker MacDonald | 69 | 19 | 23 | 42 | 22 |
| Bill Goldsworthy | 68 | 14 | 19 | 33 | 68 |
| J. P. Parise | 43 | 11 | 16 | 27 | 27 |
| Bill Collins | 71 | 9 | 11 | 20 | 41 |
| Milan Marcetta | 36 | 4 | 13 | 17 | 6 |
| Bill Masterton | 38 | 4 | 8 | 12 | 4 |
| Sandy Fitzpatrick | 18 | 3 | 6 | 9 | 6 |
| Ted Taylor | 31 | 3 | 5 | 8 | 34 |
| Bronco Horvath | 14 | 1 | 6 | 7 | 4 |
| Duke Harris | 22 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 4 |
| Murray Hall | 17 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 10 |
| Ted McCaskill | 4 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 |

### Defencemen

*Note: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; PIM = Penalty minutes*

| Player | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Mike McMahon | 74 | 14 | 33 | 47 | 71 |
| Bob Woytowich | 66 | 4 | 17 | 21 | 63 |
| Bob McCord | 70 | 3 | 9 | 12 | 39 |
| Elmer Vasko | 70 | 1 | 6 | 7 | 45 |
| Pete Goegan | 46 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 30 |
| Bill Plager | 32 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 30 |
| Lou Nanne | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Jean-Guy Talbot | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| Marshall Johnston | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Don Johns | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |

### Goaltending

*Note: GP = Games played; W = Wins; L = Losses; T = Ties; SO = Shutouts; GAA = Goals against average*

| Player | GP | MIN | W | L | T | SO | GAA |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Gary Bauman | 26 | 1294 | 4 | 13 | 5 | 0 | 3.48 |
| Cesare Maniago | 52 | 2877 | 22 | 16 | 9 | 6 | 2.77 |
| Carl Wetzel | 5 | 269 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 4.02 |
|

## Awards and records

## Transactions

## Draft picks

### Expansion draft

| # | Player | Drafted from |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | Cesare Maniago () | New York Rangers |
| 2. | Garry Bauman (G) | Montreal Canadiens |
| 3. | Dave Balon (LW) | Montreal Canadiens |
| 4. | Ray Cullen () | Detroit Red Wings |
| 5. | Bob Woytowich () | Boston Bruins |
| 6. | Jean-Guy Talbot (D) | Montreal Canadiens |
| 7. | Wayne Connelly (RW) | Boston Bruins |
| 8. | Ted Taylor (LW) | Detroit Red Wings |
| 9. | Pete Goegan (D) | Detroit Red Wings |
| 10. | Len Lunde (C) | Chicago Black Hawks |
| 11. | Bill Goldsworthy (RW) | Boston Bruins |
| 12. | Andre Pronovost (LW) | Detroit Red Wings |
| 13. | Elmer Vasko (D) | Chicago Black Hawks |
| 14. | Murray Hall () | Chicago Black Hawks |
| 15. | Bryan Watson (D/W) | Detroit Red Wings |
| 16. | Bill Collins (C) | New York Rangers |
| 17. | Sandy Fitzpatrick (C) | New York Rangers |
| 18. | Parker MacDonald (C) | Detroit Red Wings |
| 19. | Billy Taylor (C) | Chicago Black Hawks |
| 20. | Dave Richardson (LW) | Chicago Black Hawks |

### Amateur draft

Minnesota's draft picks at the 1967 NHL Amateur Draft held at the Queen Elizabeth Hotel in Montreal.

| Round | # | Player | Nationality | College/Junior/Club team (League) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 4 | Wayne Cheesman | Canada | Whitby Dunlops (MetJHL) |
| 2 | 13 | Larry Mick | Canada | Pembroke Lumber Kings (CJAHL) |

## Farm teams

1. "A to Z Encyclopaedia of Ice Hockey – Mi". Archived from the original on October 17, 2007. Retrieved November 1, 2007.
2. Showers, Bob (2007), *Minnesota North Stars: History and Memories with Lou Nanne*, Beaver's Pond Press, p. 5, ISBN 978-1-59298-197-7
3. Showers, Bob (2007), *Minnesota North Stars: History and Memories with Lou Nanne*, Beaver's Pond Press, p. 8, ISBN 978-1-59298-197-7
4. Showers, Bob (2007), *Minnesota North Stars: History and Memories with Lou Nanne*, Beaver's Pond Press, p. 9, ISBN 978-1-59298-197-7
5. "Minnesota North Stars". Sports E-cyclopedia. Archived from the original on October 10, 2007. Retrieved November 13, 2007.
6. Showers, Bob (2007), *Minnesota North Stars: History and Memories with Lou Nanne*, Beaver's Pond Press, p. 28, ISBN 978-1-59298-197-7
7. "1967–1968 Division Standings Standings - NHL.com - Standings". National Hockey League.
8. "All-Time NHL Results". *NHL.com*. Retrieved August 25, 2023.
9. "1967-68 Minnesota North Stars Roster and Statistics".

## InfoBox

| 1967–68 Minnesota North Stars | |
| --- | --- |
| Division | 4th West |
| 1967–68 record | 27–32–15 |
| Goals for | 191 |
| Goals against | 226 |
| Team information | |
| General manager | Wren Blair |
| Coach | Wren Blair |
| Captain | Bob Woytowich |
| Arena | Met Center |
| Team leaders | |
| Goals | Wayne Connelly (35) |
| Assists | André Boudrias (35) |
| Points | Wayne Connelly (56) |
| Penalty minutes | Dave Balon (84) |
| Wins | Cesare Maniago (21) |
| Goals against average | Cesare Maniago (2.77) |
|


title: Polycera atra

abstract: Polycera atra, common name orange-spike polycera or sorcerer's sea slug, is a species of sea slug, a nudibranch, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Polyceridae.

text:
# Polycera atra

***Polycera atra***, common name **orange-spike polycera** or **sorcerer's sea slug**, is a species of sea slug, a nudibranch, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Polyceridae.

## Distribution

This species of polycerid nudibranch was described from California.

## Description

The body of *Polycera atra* is translucent white with longitudinal black lines interspersed with rows of raised yellow spots. The oral veil has 4-8 tapering yellow-tipped papillae.

## Ecology

*Polycera atra* feeds on the bryozoan *Bugula*.

## InfoBox

| *Polycera atra* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Order: | Nudibranchia |
| Superfamily: | Polyceroidea |
| Family: | Polyceridae |
| Genus: | *Polycera* |
| Species: | ***P. atra*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Polycera atra***<br>(MacFarland, 1905) | |
|


title: Prežganka

abstract: Prežganka is Slovenian national soup made of flour, caraway seeds and beaten eggs. The brown color comes from browning the flour in oil or butter. Instead of the flour, breadcrumbs can be used. Prežganka is a traditional dish from Upper Carniola region.

text:
# Prežganka

**Prežganka** ("browned" soup with eggs) is Slovenian national soup made of flour, caraway seeds and beaten eggs. The brown color comes from browning the flour in oil or butter. Instead of the flour, breadcrumbs can be used.

Prežganka is a traditional dish from Upper Carniola region.

## InfoBox

Prežganka
| Type | Soup |
| --- | --- |
| Place of origin | Slovenia |
| Main ingredients | Flour, caraway seeds, eggs |


title: Walter Ho

abstract: Walter Ho, known in Chinese as Hua Da and Hsia Hua-ta, was an American Peking opera actor. He was a pupil of Wang Yaoqing and specialized in dan, or female roles. He was mixed with a quarter Chinese ancestry. Born in New York, he traveled to China with his father at age 8 but couldn't return when Japan started bombing Shanghai. In China he became obsessed with Peking opera, so much that he traveled to Beijing alone to learn from Wang Yaoqing. He established himself in Shanghai in the 1940s with the support of Soong Mei-ling and Zhang Lingfu. During the Cultural Revolution, he was accused of being an American spy and imprisoned for six years until his release on the eve of Richard Nixon's 1972 visit. In 1982, at the personal invitation of President Chiang Ching-kuo he went to Taiwan, where he remained until his death in 2020.

text:
# Walter Ho

**Walter Ho** (1923 – March 27, 2020), known in Chinese as **Hua Da** (when he was in China) and **Hsia Hua-ta** (when he was in Taiwan), was an American Peking opera actor. He was a pupil of Wang Yaoqing and specialized in *dan*, or female roles. He was mixed with a quarter Chinese ancestry.

Born in New York, he traveled to China with his father at age 8 but couldn't return when Japan started bombing Shanghai. In China he became obsessed with Peking opera, so much that he traveled to Beijing alone to learn from Wang Yaoqing. He established himself in Shanghai in the 1940s with the support of Soong Mei-ling and Zhang Lingfu. During the Cultural Revolution, he was accused of being an American spy and imprisoned for six years until his release on the eve of Richard Nixon's 1972 visit. In 1982, at the personal invitation of President Chiang Ching-kuo he went to Taiwan, where he remained until his death in 2020.

## Early life

Walter Ho was born in New York. His mother was of German and British ancestry and his father was a biracial Chinese-American who fought with the American Expeditionary Forces in World War I. In 1931, he traveled to China with his father to visit their ancestral home and celebrate his great-grandmother's birthday. However, as they embarked on their return trip in early 1932, heavy fighting broke out in Shanghai, trapping them in the country. His father enrolled him in a Catholic school in the Shanghai French Concession (which the Japanese dared not bomb), and Shanghai was where Ho began his fascination with Peking opera.

## Career in China

Despite his father's opposition, Ho began taking lessons from Lin Pinqing (林顰卿), who later recommended him to the Peking opera master Wang Yaoqing in Beijing. He also took lessons from Xiao Yang Yuelou (小楊月樓), Huang Yulin (黃玉麟), Xu Biyun (徐碧雲), Yu Jimei (虞季梅), and Zui Lijun (醉麗君). In 1942, he signed an eight-year contract with the Shanghai master Huang Jingbo (黃靜波), who taught him dozens of Peking operas. Around this time he also became a devout Buddhist despite being raised Catholic.

He made his acting debut at the age of 16. In the 1940s, Ho frequently performed with Huai opera actors (back then it was common for Huai opera and Peking opera to be performed together in Shanghai). He later joined the famous actor Li Shaochun and performed with him at the Huxi Big Stage (滬西大舞台) in Shanghai. He also performed in other cities like Hangzhou, Jiaxing, and Huzhou. However, his nationality presented difficulties. In 1947, it was reported that Ho was unable to perform in Qingdao until his third trip there, due to not holding Chinese citizenship. Without a troupe, he also had no funds for costumes, but he was supported by the high-ranking general Zhang Lingfu, who introduced him to Soong Mei-ling and He Yingqin. Ho remembered Soong saying that foreign Peking opera artists must be supported, and the trio raised the money and bought costumes for him.

After the founding of the People's Republic in 1949, Ho performed throughout China with various troupes. In 1960, he joined the Guangzhou Peking Opera Troupe (广州京剧团) in Guangzhou.

## Imprisonment

At the start of the Cultural Revolution in 1966, his photos with Soong Mei-ling, He Yingqin and other Kuomintang officials which he had hidden under a table in his house were discovered. A punch in the face knocked out eight of his teeth. Accused of being an American spy, he was subjected to struggle sessions and forced to write down every venue he ever performed in. He was imprisoned in his own home until 1969, when he was sent to a prison. In the dark prison cell, he whispered Peking operas and the *Diamond Sutra* repeatedly to deflect suicidal thoughts.

He was released in 1972, right before Richard Nixon's visit to China.

## Later life in Taiwan

Ho returned to New York following his release. After Soong Mei-ling immigrated to New York in 1975, they met again. Soong sent a letter to her stepson Chiang Ching-kuo, who then personally invited Ho to Taiwan to perform and tell his story. Ho arrived in Taiwan in 1982. In 1984, Ho staged three charity shows during the Captive Nations Week in Taipei, raising NT$1.12 million for Chinese opera workers in Taiwan. In 1986, he performed at the Chinese Cultural Renaissance Festival in commemoration of Chiang Kai-shek's 100th birthday.

In 2003, he performed in Taipei at the age of 80.

Ho never married, and he insisted he was not gay. In his later life he spent his days creating Buddhist paintings and caring for stray dogs. He was found dead in his home by his neighbor in 2020. Because he remained an American citizen, the American Institute in Taiwan arranged for his memorial service.

## Repertoire

In Taiwan, several of Ho's performances were filmed by the Chinese Television System. These include:

## InfoBox

| Walter Ho | |
| --- | --- |
| Walter Ho playing Pan Qiaoyun (Yang Xiong's adulterous wife) in 1947 | |
| Born | 1923
New York, United States |
| Died | March 27, 2020(2020-03-27) (aged 96–97)
Tamsui District, New Taipei City, Taiwan |
| Occupation | Peking opera actor |
| Known for | *Dan* roles |
|  | |
|  | |
| Chinese name | |
| Traditional Chinese | 華達 |
| Simplified Chinese | 华达 |
| Transcriptions  Standard Mandarin  Hanyu Pinyin Huá Dá  Wade–Giles Hua2 Ta2  Yue: Cantonese  Jyutping Waa4-daat6 | |
| Alternative Chinese name | |
| Traditional Chinese | 夏華達 |
| Simplified Chinese | 夏华达 |
| Transcriptions  Standard Mandarin  Hanyu Pinyin Xià Huádá  Wade–Giles Hsia4 Hua2-Ta2 | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Vladimir Ptukha

abstract: Vladimir Vasilyevich Ptukha was a Soviet politician who served in various positions within the Communist Party of the Soviet Union including First Secretary of the Lower Volga Regional Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, First Secretary of the Stalingrad Regional Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Second Secretary of the Far Eastern Regional Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. He was also a member of the NKVD troika.

text:
# Vladimir Ptukha

**Vladimir Vasilyevich Ptukha** (Ukrainian: Володимир Васильович Птуха, Russian: Владимир Васильевич Птуха; 6 April \[O.S. 25 March\] 1894 – 25 April 1938) was a Soviet politician who served in various positions within the Communist Party of the Soviet Union including First Secretary of the Lower Volga Regional Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, First Secretary of the Stalingrad Regional Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Second Secretary of the Far Eastern Regional Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. He was also a member of the NKVD troika.

## Early life and education

Vladimir Ptukha was born in Oster in the Chernigov Governorate of the Russian Empire on April 6, 1894. His older brother, Mikhail Ptukha was an economist and lawyer. Ptukha studied at the Petrograd Mining Institute and graduated in 1917.

## Political career

In April 1917, Ptukha joined the Bolshevik Party and returned to his hometown of Oster where he became a member of the Central Committee and Revolutionary Committee of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (b). From 1918 to 1919, he was a military commissar of a partisan detachment operating against the German Army. He then formed the 1st Cavalry Regiment of the Red Army in Ukraine and commanded it.

From 1919 to 1920, he served as the First Secretary of the Oster County Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine and then served as the Deputy Chairman of the Chernihiv Provincial Executive Committee. He continued to work as instructors of Central Committees in the Ukrainian SSR and Russian SFSR. He also actively conducted collectivization.

Ptukha served as the First Secretary of the Stalingrad Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1927 to 1928 and then served as the Executive Secretary of the Stalingrad District Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. He was a delegate to the 15th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and was elected a candidate member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union at the 16th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

In January 1931, he was appointed First Secretary of the Lower Volga Regional Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and worked in the position until 1934 when he became the First Secretary of the Stalingrad Regional Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. On February 9, 1934, Ptukha was reelected as a candidate member of Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union at the 17th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. From 1935 to September 13, 1937, he served as the Second Secretary of the Far Eastern Regional Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. It was around this time that Ptukha became a member of the NKVD troika and actively participated in Stalinist repressions and the Great Purge.

## Arrest and execution

On September 13, 1937, Ptukha was suddenly removed from his post of Second Secretary of the Far Eastern Regional Committee. He was then called to participate in the October plenary session of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in Moscow. Upon arrival on October 11, 1937, he was arrested and his membership within the Central Committee was revoked due to him being an "exposed enemy of the people". He was charged with espionage and secretly working for Japan. He was sentenced to execution on November 1, 1937, but for unknown reasons the execution was postponed for nearly six months. On April 25, 1938, the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the Soviet Union formally approved the sentence and Ptukha was executed by firing squad at the Kommunarka shooting ground.

He was rehabilitated on March 14, 1956.

## InfoBox

| Vladimir Ptukha | |
| --- | --- |
| Володимир Птуха
Владимир Птуха | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Second Secretary of the Far Eastern Regional Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union | |
| **In office**
1935  13 September 1937 | |
| Preceded by | Ervand Arsinbekov |
| Succeeded by | Georgy Statsevich |
| First Secretary of the Stalingrad Regional Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union | |
| **In office**
January 1934  20 March 1935 | |
| Preceded by | *Office established* |
| Succeeded by | Iosif Vareikis |
| First Secretary of the Lower Volga Regional Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union | |
| **In office**
6 January 1931  19 January 1934 | |
| Preceded by | Boris Sheboldayev |
| Succeeded by | *Office abolished* |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Vladimir Vasilyevich Ptukha
6 April 1894
Oster, Chernigov Governorate, Russian Empire |
| Died | 25 April 1938(1938-04-25) (aged 44)
Kommunarka shooting ground, Moscow, RSFSR, Soviet Union |
| Buried | Kommunarka |
|  | |
| Political party | CPSU (1917–1937) |
|  | |


abstract: Trinity Business School, (TBS) is part of the Trinity College Dublin and located on College Green, in Dublin, Ireland. Trinity Business School is triple accredited (AACSB/EQUIS/AMBA), a distinction that only holds for 0.6% of business schools worldwide. It offers programmes at undergraduate, postgraduate, MBA and Executive Education levels. In 2023 TBS was ranked as Ireland's best business school in the Financial Times Global MBA Ranking. At the same time, Trinity College Dublin ranked number 134 worldwide in the relevant Times Higher Education World University Rankings. The Eduniversal Best Masters ranking rates consistently all TBS graduate programmes among the 50 best worldwide. Since 2023 the new Dean of Business School is Laurent Muzellec.

text:
# Trinity Business School, Trinity College Dublin

**Trinity Business School**, **(TBS)** is part of the Trinity College Dublin and located on College Green, in Dublin, Ireland. Trinity Business School is triple accredited (AACSB/EQUIS/AMBA), a distinction that only holds for 0.6% of business schools worldwide. It offers programmes at undergraduate, postgraduate, MBA and Executive Education levels. In 2023 TBS was ranked as Ireland's best business school in the Financial Times Global MBA Ranking. At the same time, Trinity College Dublin ranked number 134 worldwide in the relevant Times Higher Education World University Rankings. The Eduniversal Best Masters ranking rates consistently all TBS graduate programmes among the 50 best worldwide.

Since 2023 the new Dean of Business School is Laurent Muzellec.

## History

Established as a School of Commerce in 1925, the School has grown from offering B.A. and BComm degrees to offering an MBA programme since 1964 when it was transformed into a School of Business Studies. A full suite of Masters programmes exist today and this began in 1976 when the MSc (Mgmt) degree in Management Practice for practicing senior executives was launched, with a curriculum based on action research principles. The School is part of the Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences of Trinity College.

The new €80 million 11,400 square metre Trinity Business School building was opened in 2019 and includes an innovation and entrepreneurial hub, a 600-seat auditorium, restaurant spaces for up to 200 people, smart classrooms and a rooftop conference room. It is a near zero energy building, with some 500sq m of photovoltaic panels installed on the roof contribute to the electrical provision of the building and offsetting 35 tonnes of carbon per annum. Water for toilets is provided by recycled rainwater.

## Programmes

Trinity Business School offers programmes at undergraduate, postgraduate and MBA levels.

**Undergraduate**

* Bachelor in Business Studies (B.B.S.)
* BA Moderatorship Business, Economic and Social Studies (B.E.S.S.)
* Business and Law
* Business and Languages
* Business and Computing

**Postgraduate**

* MSc in Operations and Supply Chain Management
* MSc in Digital Marketing Strategy
* MSc in Business Analytics
* MSc in Law & Finance
* MSc in Entrepreneurship
* MSc in Finance
* MSc in Financial Risk Management
* MSc in Human Resource Management
* MSc in International Management
* MSc in Management
* MSc in Marketing
* Postgraduate Diploma in Accounting
* Trinity MBA (Executive & Full-Time)
* Executive Education

**Doctoral Programme**

## Current Research

Researchers in Trinity Business School seek answers to managerially relevant questions that are focused on the following themes:

* Entrepreneurship and Social Entrepreneurship
* Marketing and Consumers
* Finance and Accounting
* Work and People
* Strategy and Change
* CSR, Governance and Business Ethics
* International Business
* Innovation, Manufacturing and Systems
* Organizational Studies

## Affiliated societies and alumni groups

* **Trinity Business Alumni** \- The global association of graduates of Trinity College Dublin who are involved in business.
* **DUBES** \- The Dublin University Business and Economics Society (DUBES), founded in 1929.
* **Trinity Entrepreneurial Society**
* **Enactus** \- A social entrepreneurship society.
* **Trinity Economic Forum**
* **Trinity SMF** \- Trinity SMF is the Student Managed Fund.
* **Trinity Business Review** \- A leading student business publication

## Awards

* Trinity MBA Scholarship Fund
* Trinity Business Alumni / Bank of Ireland Business Student of the Year Award

## Notable alumni

## InfoBox

Trinity Business School, Trinity College Dublin 53°20′42″N 6°15′18″W / 53.3449188°N 6.255017653°W / 53.3449188; -6.255017653
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Type | Business School |
| Established | 1925 |
| Dean | Laurent Muzellec |
| Students | 2,150 |
| Location | Dublin City, Ireland |
| Affiliations | AACSB, AMBA, EQUIS, Athena SWAN, Coimbra Group |
| Website | http://www.tcd.ie/business/ |


title: Make Me a Believer

abstract:
Make Me a Believer may refer to:
  - "Make Me a Believer", a song by Andy Mineo from the album Uncomfortable, 2015
  - "Make Me a Believer", a song by Conrad Sewell from the album Precious, 2023
  - "Make Me a Believer", a song by Crossfade from the album We All Bleed, 2011
  - "Make Me a Believer", a song by Luther Vandross from the album Busy Body, 1983

text:
# Make Me a Believer

**Make Me a Believer** may refer to:

* "Make Me a Believer", a song by Andy Mineo from the album *Uncomfortable*, 2015
* "Make Me a Believer", a song by Conrad Sewell from the album *Precious*, 2023
* "Make Me a Believer", a song by Crossfade from the album *We All Bleed*, 2011
* "Make Me a Believer", a song by Luther Vandross from the album *Busy Body*, 1983


title: Parir te Karogh Es

abstract: Parir te Karogh Es is an Armenian televised dance competition based on the format of the international So You Think You Can Dance television franchise. Broadcast by Armenian television network Shant TV and hosted by Grikor Aghakhanyan, it began airing in 2011 and has been broadcast for three seasons. The first two seasons of the show had a single winner, while the third season had both a male and a female winner. The show's second-season winner, Paul Karmiriyan, subsequently entered the U.S. version of So You Think You Can Dance, and placed in the Top 6 on its tenth season.

text:
# Parir te Karogh Es

***Parir te Karogh Es*** (Պարիր թե կարող ես in original Armenian orthography, and translated as *So You Think You Can Dance*) is an Armenian televised dance competition based on the format of the international *So You Think You Can Dance* television franchise. Broadcast by Armenian television network Shant TV and hosted by Grikor Aghakhanyan, it began airing in 2011 and has been broadcast for three seasons. The first two seasons of the show had a single winner, while the third season had both a male and a female winner. The show's second-season winner, Paul Karmiriyan, subsequently entered the U.S. version of *So You Think You Can Dance*, and placed in the Top 6 on its tenth season.

## InfoBox

| *Parir te Karogh Es* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Presented by | Grikor Aghakhanyan |
| Country of origin | Armenia |
| No. of seasons | 3 |
| Production | |
| Running time | 1–2 hours |
| Original release | |
| Network | Shant TV |
| Release | 2011 (2011) |


title: The Singles Album (UB40 album)

abstract: The Singles Album was released in August 1982 and is a compilation LP and the first greatest hits by British reggae band UB40, featuring all of UB40's single releases on Graduate, including the 3-track Dutch 12" single "Tyler". The album spent 8 weeks on the UK Album Chart, peaking at number 17.

text:
# The Singles Album (UB40 album)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | link |
| Robert Christgau | A− link |

***The Singles Album*** (cat no. GRADLSP 3) was released in August 1982 and is a compilation LP and the first greatest hits by British reggae band UB40, featuring all of UB40's single releases on Graduate, including the 3-track Dutch 12" single "Tyler".

The album spent 8 weeks on the UK Album Chart, peaking at number 17.

## Track listing

Side 1

1. "Food for Thought"
2. "King"
3. "My Way of Thinking"
4. "I Thing It's Going to Rain Today"
5. "Dream a Lie"

Side 2

1. "Tyler"
2. "Adella"
3. "Little By Little"
4. "The Earth Dies Screaming (12" Version)"

## InfoBox

| The Singles Album | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Greatest hits album by UB40 | |
| Released | August 1982 |
| Genre | Reggae |
| Label | Graduate |
| Producer | Bob Lamb, UB40, Ray "Pablo" Falconer |


title: Long-tailed mountain rat

abstract: The long-tailed mountain rat is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is endemic to Borneo and found in Indonesia and Malaysia. Recorded at elevations of 940–3,360 m (3,080–11,020 ft) above sea level, it is a poorly known species but presumably common, assumed to inhabit forests and scrubland.

text:
# Long-tailed mountain rat

The **long-tailed mountain rat** (***Niviventer rapit***) is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is endemic to Borneo and found in Indonesia and Malaysia. Recorded at elevations of 940–3,360 m (3,080–11,020 ft) above sea level, it is a poorly known species but presumably common, assumed to inhabit forests and scrubland.

## InfoBox

| Long-tailed mountain rat | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Rodentia |
| Family: | Muridae |
| Genus: | *Niviventer* |
| Species: | ***N. rapit*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Niviventer rapit***
(Bonhote, 1903) | |
|


title: 1967–68 Montenegrin Republic League

abstract: The 1967–68 Montenegrin Republic League was 23rd season of Montenegrin Republic League. Season started in August 1967 and finished in May 1968.

text:
# 1967–68 Montenegrin Republic League

The **1967–68 Montenegrin Republic League** was 23rd season of Montenegrin Republic League. Season started in August 1967 and finished in May 1968.

## Season

JedinstvoBokeljIvangradIskraRudarDečićMornarČelikSpužIbarclass=notpageimage|Locations of the **1967-68 Montenegrin Republic League** teams

Just like during the previous season, Republic League had 12 members. But, due to reorganisation of Yugoslav Second League from season 1968-69 and creating the four groups, three best-placed teams from 1967–68 Montenegrin Republic League gained promotion to highest tier.
On season 1967–68, new members of Montenegrin Republic League were Ibar and Tara Zabjelo.
At the end of 22 weeks long competition, OFK Titograd won the title and, except them, Čelik and Jedinstvo gained promotion to Yugoslav Second League.
As three teams were promoted to higher rank, no one was relegated from Montenegrin Republic League.

### Table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Titograd (C, P) | 22 | 18 | 1 | 3 | 67 | 17 | +50 | 37 |
| 2 | Čelik (P) | 22 | 16 | 2 | 4 | 59 | 24 | +35 | 34 |
| 3 | Jedinstvo (P) | 22 | 11 | 2 | 9 | 60 | 35 | +25 | 24 |
| 4 | Mornar | 22 | 9 | 5 | 8 | 53 | 37 | +16 | 23 |
| 5 | Ivangrad | 22 | 9 | 5 | 8 | 38 | 35 | +3 | 23 |
| 6 | Iskra | 22 | 8 | 6 | 8 | 40 | 39 | +1 | 22 |
| 7 | Bokelj | 22 | 9 | 3 | 10 | 40 | 36 | +4 | 21 |
| 8 | Rudar | 22 | 8 | 5 | 9 | 34 | 42 | 8 | 21 |
| 9 | Tara Zabjelo | 22 | 6 | 7 | 9 | 33 | 44 | 11 | 19 |
| 10 | Dečić | 22 | 8 | 1 | 13 | 44 | 53 | 9 | 17 |
| 11 | Ibar | 22 | 6 | 1 | 15 | 39 | 88 | 49 | 13 |
| 12 | Spuž | 22 | 4 | 2 | 16 | 24 | 81 | 57 | 10 |

Source:
(C) Champions; (P) Promoted to 1968–69 Yugoslav Second League - South

## Higher leagues

On season 1967–68, three Montenegrin teams played in higher leagues of SFR Yugoslavia. All of them (Sutjeska, Budućnost and Lovćen) participated in 1967–68 Yugoslav Second League.

## InfoBox

Montenegrin Republic League
| Season | 1967–68 |
| --- | --- |
| Dates | August 1967 - May 1968 |
| Champions | Titograd |
| Matches played | 132 |
| Goals scored | 531 (4.02 per match) |
| 1966–67 1968–69 | |


title: Mendon-Honeoye Falls-Lima Sentinel

abstract: The Mendon-Honeoye Falls-Lima Sentinel (The Sentinel) is a weekly newspaper serving the greater southern Monroe County, New York area. Its offices are located at 3909 Rush Mendon Road in Mendon, New York, The Sentinel is published by Sentinel Publications, a division of Pandamensional Solutions Inc. The first issue of the Mendon-Honeoye Falls-Lima Sentinel was published on March 23, 1989 and has been published weekly on Thursdays since. The Sentinel is a member of the New York Press Association.

text:
# Mendon-Honeoye Falls-Lima Sentinel

The ***Mendon-Honeoye Falls-Lima Sentinel*** **(The *Sentinel*)** is a weekly newspaper serving the greater southern Monroe County, New York area. Its offices are located at 3909 Rush Mendon Road in Mendon, New York, The *Sentinel* is published by Sentinel Publications, a division of Pandamensional Solutions Inc. The first issue of the *Mendon-Honeoye Falls-Lima Sentinel* was published on March 23, 1989 and has been published weekly on Thursdays since. The *Sentinel* is a member of the New York Press Association.

## History

Founded in March 1989 as the *Mendon-Honeoye Falls-Lima Sentinel* by Shirley Arena and Christopher Carosa, the paper took the place of the *Honeoye Falls Times* and *Lima Recorder* both of which ceased publication on January 12, 1989 and were merged with the *Honeoye Lake Courier* and *Livonia Gazette* to form the *Town & Country Gazette*. The *Honeoye Falls Times* had served the Mendon-Honeoye Falls area since 1888, while the *Lima Recorder* had served the Lima area since 1869. The *Town & Country Gazette* abruptly stopped publication on March 23, 1989 when its owner, Downtown Magazine, Inc., filed Chapter 11. Richard A. Gagliano, who published the *Town & Country Gazette*, had previously purchased the *Honeoye Falls Times*, *Lima Recorder*, and other area newspaper from Dorotha Bradley in 1987.

In mid-January 1989, Arena, who had spent five years working for the *Honeoye Falls Times*, and Carosa, who previously published two newsletters and was currently a Managing Director at Manning and Napier Advisers, Inc., met to discuss forming a new newspaper to replace the now folded *Honeoye Falls Times* and *Lima Recorder.* In a little more than eight weeks, the two founders went from an idea to setting up a full-fledged publishing outfit using what was then new desktop publishing technology, making the *Mendon-Honeoye Falls-Lima Sentinel* one of the first print papers to use such an advanced electronic system. The first issue of the *Sentinel* was eight pages and was mailed for free to five thousand households in the Honeoye Falls-Lima Central School District. Arena wrote the "Heard on the Street" column and Carosa, who, ironically once led his high school classmates to walk out of their Advanced Placement English class in an impromptu "strike", penned a "homespun" column called "The Carosa Commentary". According to published reports, readers were delighted with this first issue: "The response was phenomenal," Carosa was quoted as saying, "People were writing notes on their checks saying 'great idea.' People were calling us for ads." At the time the annual subscription rate was $12.50 a year and individual issues cost 35 cents. The original advisory board for Sentinel Publications was Robert Borsching Sr., Leslie Edgecomb III, Judith Farrar, Elliot Frank, Dr. James Frenck, Rev. Charles Latus, J. Arnold Leckie, Everett Lewis, Johanna O'Brien, Pat Reynolds, Jim Robeson, Ken Schreib, John Stanwix, Richard Walker, Rick West, Pete Yendell, and Robert Young.

In the mid-1990s, Carosa sold his share of the *Sentinel* to Arena, who continued to operate the newspaper until her death in April 2009. From 2009 to 2015, Michael Shellman, Arena's grandson, owned and operated the weekly newspaper. In December 2015, Pandamensional Solutions Inc., a publishing firm located in Mendon, purchased the *Mendon-Honeoye Falls-Lima Sentinel* and began operations in January 2016. With the exception of Shellman, the current staff was retained. Betsy Carosa, the wife of Christopher Carosa, is the President/Owner of Pandamensional Solutions, Inc. and the owner of the *Sentinel*. Christopher Carosa returned as Publisher, although he continues to manage and operate Carosa Stanton Asset Management, LLC and the Bullfinch Fund, firms he started using seed money from the proceeds of his original sale of the *Sentinel* to Arena.

## Coverage

The *Mendon-Honeoye Falls-Lima Sentinel* serves the areas of Mendon, Honeoye Falls, Lima, Avon, Bloomfield, Henrietta, Pittsford, Rush, Scottsville, Victor, Wheatland, and West Bloomfield. The *Sentinel* is the official paper for the Honeoye Falls-Lima Central School District, Town of Lima, Town of Mendon, Town of Pittsford, Town of Rush, Town of Wheatland, Village of Honeoye Falls, Village of Lima, and Village of Scottsville. The *Sentinel* is also listed as one of only eight newspapers recognized by Monroe County as a designated newspaper for proof of publication.

## Prices

The *Mendon-Honeoye Falls-Lima Sentinel* prices are: $1 newsstand, $40 annual print subscription (instate), and $50 annual print subscription (out of state).

1. "Notice to Subscribers". *The Honeoye Falls Weekly Times*. Town & Country Gazette. 1989-01-12.
2. Gerber, Barbara (1989-04-06). ""Gazette" folds; Chapt. 11 protection sought". *Times-Union*.
3. Hyman, Jennifer (1989-03-25). "Mendon, Honeoye Falls, and Lima get their own newspaper". *Democrat and Chronicle*.
4. Taub, Peter B. (1989-03-27). "Recycled poster confuses fan". *Times-Union*.
5. "Member of the Mendon-Honeoye Falls-Lima Sentinel". *The Mendon-Honeoye Falls-Lima Sentinel*. 1989-03-23.
6. "Mendon-Honeoye Falls-Lima Sentinel acquired". *Rochester Business Journal*. Rochester Business Journal. 2015-12-28. Archived from the original on 2016-06-02. Retrieved 2015-12-30.
7. "Shirley T. Arena". *Democrat and Chronicle*. Democrat and Chronicle. 2009-04-16. Retrieved 2015-12-30.
8. Dinolfo, Cheryl (2008-09-12). "Designated Newspapers For Proof of Publication". *MonroeCounty.gov*. Monroe County. Retrieved 2015-12-30.

## InfoBox

Mendon-Honeoye Falls-Lima Sentinel
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Type | Weekly newspaper |
| Format | Broadsheet |
| Owner(s) | Pandamensional Solutions Inc. |
| Founder(s) | Shirley Arena
Christopher Carosa |
| Publisher | Christopher Carosa |
| President | Betsy Carosa |
| Editor | Donna Mackenzie |
| Launched | March 23, 1989 (March 23, 1989) |
| Language | English |
| Headquarters | 3909 Rush Mendon Road
Mendon, New York 14506
United States |
| City | Mendon, NY |
| Country | United States |
| ISSN | 1049-4960 |
| OCLC number | 19507534 |
| Website | MHFLSentinel.com |
| Free online archives | NYSHistoricNewspapers.org |
|  | |


abstract: Visa requirements for South Ossetian citizens are administrative entry restrictions imposed on citizens of South Ossetia by the authorities of other states.

text:
# Visa requirements for South Ossetian citizens

**Visa requirements for South Ossetian citizens** are administrative entry restrictions imposed on citizens of South Ossetia by the authorities of other states.

## Passport Validity

|  |  |
| --- | --- |

## Visa Requirements

South Ossetia has mutual visa-free agreements with Russia in 2010 and Abkhazia in 2015. South Ossetians can either use their domestic or international passport to enter Russia and Abkhazia. South Ossetia and Venezuela are preparing to sign a mutual visa-free agreement.


abstract: Trinity Lutheran Church was founded in 1853 when a few members of Zion Lutheran Church in Cleveland, Ohio, decided to start a new congregation. Reverend J. C. Lindemann was the first pastor at Trinity. The current building used for worship was built in 1873 at the corner of Lorain Avenue and West 30th Street. In 1956, the church became well known because of the Beckerath organ installed in that year. The organ was built in Hamburg, Germany, by Rudolf von Beckerath, a famous organ builder. It was the first "modern, encased mechanical-action instrument with traditional classical voicing" to be installed in America. Trinity is a member of the Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod.

text:
# Trinity Lutheran Church (Cleveland, Ohio)

**Trinity Lutheran Church** was founded in 1853 when a few members of Zion Lutheran Church in Cleveland, Ohio, decided to start a new congregation. Reverend J. C. Lindemann was the first pastor at Trinity. The current building used for worship was built in 1873 at the corner of Lorain Avenue and West 30th Street.

In 1956, the church became well known because of the Beckerath organ installed in that year. The organ was built in Hamburg, Germany, by Rudolf von Beckerath, a famous organ builder. It was the first "modern, encased mechanical-action instrument with traditional classical voicing" to be installed in America.

Trinity is a member of the Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod.

## InfoBox

| Trinity Lutheran Church | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| 41°28′55.5″N 81°42′23.3″W / 41.482083°N 81.706472°W / 41.482083; -81.706472 | |
| Location | 2031 W. 30th Street<br>Cleveland, Ohio |
| Country | United States |
| Denomination | Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod |
| Membership | 291 (2017) |
| Weekly attendance | 210 (2017) |
| Website | www.trinitycleveland.com |
| History | |
| Status | Church |
| Founded | 1853 (1853) |
| Founder(s) | Rev. J. C. Lindemann |
| Architecture | |
| Functional status | Active |
| Years built | 1873 |
| Specifications | |
| Materials | Brick |
| Administration | |
| Division | Ohio District (LCMS) |


title: Magnus II, Earl of Orkney

abstract: Magnus II was the first in the Angus line of Scottish earls of Orkney. His title was "Earl of Orkney and Caithness." He was the son of Gille Críst, Earl of Angus, and his second wife, Ingibiorg Ericsdottir of Caithness; Ingibiorg was the granddaughter of Orkneyar Jarl Rögnvald Kali Kolsson. Magnus was granted the Earldom of Orkney by King Haakon IV of Norway in 1236 following the death of Jon Haraldsson in 1231 despite there being several other claimants to the jarldom. He died three years later, and was succeeded by his son Gilbert.

text:
# Magnus II, Earl of Orkney

**Magnus II** (c. 1185 or 1190 – 1239) was the first in the Angus line of Scottish earls (or jarls) of Orkney. His title was "Earl of Orkney and Caithness."

He was the son of Gille Críst, Earl of Angus, and his second wife, Ingibiorg Ericsdottir of Caithness; Ingibiorg was the granddaughter of Orkneyar Jarl Rögnvald Kali Kolsson. Magnus was granted the Earldom of Orkney by King Haakon IV of Norway in 1236 following the death of Jon Haraldsson in 1231 despite there being several other claimants to the jarldom. (The first Magnus of Orkney was St. Magnus Erlendsson, who ruled from 1108 to about 1117.) He died three years later, and was succeeded by his son Gilbert.


title: Fernando Suárez de Tangil

abstract: Fernando Suárez de Tangil y Angulo, 2nd Marquess of Covarrubias de Leyva, 4th Count of Vallellano was a Spanish politician who served as Minister of Public Works of Spain between 1951 and 1957, during the Francoist dictatorship.

text:
# Fernando Suárez de Tangil

**Fernando Suárez de Tangil y Angulo, 2nd Marquess of Covarrubias de Leyva, 4th Count of Vallellano** (3 August 1886 – 6 September 1964) was a Spanish politician who served as Minister of Public Works of Spain between 1951 and 1957, during the Francoist dictatorship.

## InfoBox

| Fernando Suárez de Tangil | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Minister of Public Works of Spain | |
| **In office**
19 July 1951  25 February 1957 | |
| Prime Minister | Francisco Franco |
| Preceded by | José María Fernández-Ladreda |
| Succeeded by | Jorge Vigón |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Fernando Suárez de Tangil y Angulo
(1886-08-03)3 August 1886
Madrid, Kingdom of Spain |
| Died | 6 September 1964(1964-09-06) (aged 78)
Madrid, Spanish State |
| Political party | Nonpartisan (National Movement) |
|  | |


title: The Three and the Deuce

abstract:
The Three and the Deuce is a 1795 English afterpiece with libretto by Prince Hoare and music by Stephen Storace. It was first performed at the Theatre Royal Haymarket on 2 September 1795. It was later revived at Drury Lane, and "with great success" by Robert William Elliston. The piece was first printed in 1806. Some sources suggest it was originally not very popular but grew into a very favorably received piece. The piece was known for having one actor play three different roles, the three "Singles". One song in the piece. "Little Taffline", is referenced in the Dickens' novel David Copperfield. The Memoirs of John Bannister published in 1839, provide this summary of the play:
Toward the close of the season, "The Three and the Deuce," a new comedy by Prince Hoare, called forth Bannister's versatile powers. The author has placed in the same inn at Cheltenham three brothers, Pertinax, Peregrine, and Percival Single, not less alike than the Menaechmi of Plautus, or the Antipholises of Shakspeare, but very different in their propensities. Pertinax is studious, grave, sententious; Peregrine volatile, active, enterprising; while poor Percival, a mere idiot, is only permitted to leave home under the protection of an Irish tutor named Mac Floggum. Bannister played the three brothers, and preserved, with admirable fidelity, their separate identity. The mistakes and confusion which arise from each being seen separately, and mistaken for one of the others, form an amusing, and sometimes interesting entanglement. Grizzle, a servant of Pertinax, is driven almost beyond his senses at the unexpected sallies of his master; and, at last, Percival is rescued from the stern dominion of Mac Floggum, to undergo a more gentle captivity with Taffline, an interesting little Welsh girl, admirably played by Mrs. Bland. The piece was very favourably received; and Bannister, and, after him, Elliston, acquired great applause in the three Singles. The story was said in contemporary British sources to directly derive from the Spanish comedy Los Tres Mellizos popular in Madrid, though remodeled and made English by Hoare. Italian playwright Antonio Collalto wrote Tre gemelli veneziani in 1773, which was inspired by The Venetian Twins (1747) by Carlo Goldoni, but to which the twins were made into triplets., The Collalto play was translated into French by P.-A. Lefèvre de Marcouville as Les Trois Jumeaux Vénitiens, and the Spanish translation upon which Hoare is said to have relied was Los Tres Mellizos.

text:
# The Three and the Deuce

***The Three and the Deuce*** is a 1795 English afterpiece with libretto by Prince Hoare and music by Stephen Storace.

It was first performed at the Theatre Royal Haymarket on 2 September 1795. It was later revived at Drury Lane, and "with great success" by Robert William Elliston. The piece was first printed in 1806. Some sources suggest it was originally not very popular but grew into a very favorably received piece.

The piece was known for having one actor play three different roles, the three "Singles". One song in the piece. "Little Taffline", is referenced in the Dickens' novel *David Copperfield*.

The *Memoirs of John Bannister* published in 1839, provide this summary of the play:

> Toward the close of the season, (2nd September,) "The Three and the Deuce," a new comedy by Prince Hoare, called forth Bannister's versatile powers. The author has placed in the same inn at Cheltenham three brothers, Pertinax, Peregrine, and Percival Single, not less alike than the Menaechmi of Plautus, or the Antipholises of Shakspeare, but very different in their propensities. Pertinax is studious, grave, sententious; Peregrine volatile, active, enterprising; while poor Percival, a mere idiot, is only permitted to leave home under the protection of an Irish tutor (God save the mark!) named Mac Floggum. Bannister played the three brothers, and preserved, with admirable fidelity, their separate identity. The mistakes and confusion which arise from each being seen separately, and mistaken for one of the others, form an amusing, and sometimes interesting entanglement. Grizzle, a servant of Pertinax, is driven almost beyond his senses at the unexpected sallies of his master; and, at last, Percival is rescued from the stern dominion of Mac Floggum, to undergo a more gentle captivity with Taffline, an interesting little Welsh girl, admirably played by Mrs. Bland. The piece was very favourably received; and Bannister, and, after him, Elliston, acquired great applause in the three Singles.

The story was said in contemporary British sources to directly derive from the Spanish comedy *Los Tres Mellizos* popular in Madrid, though remodeled and made English by Hoare. Italian playwright Antonio Collalto wrote *Tre gemelli veneziani* (Three Venetian Twins) in 1773, which was inspired by *The Venetian Twins* (1747) by Carlo Goldoni, but to which the twins were made into triplets., The Collalto play was translated into French by P.-A. Lefèvre de Marcouville as *Les Trois Jumeaux Vénitiens*, and the Spanish translation upon which Hoare is said to have relied was *Los Tres Mellizos*.

## Original 1795 Haymarket cast

* Mr. Milford by Mr. Benson
* Justice Touchit by Mr. Suett
* Pertinax Single / Peregrine Single / Percival Single by John Bannister
* Mac Floggan by Mr. Johnstone
* Humphrey Grizzle by Mr. Fawcett
* Frank by Mr. Wathen
* Renard by Mr. Caulfied
* Freeman by Mr. Bannister
* Pinch by Mr. Cross
* Tippy by Mr. Ledger
* Cramp by Mr. Abbot
* Gregory by Mr. Evans
* Emily by Mrs. Gibbs
* Phoebe by Miss Leak
* Taffline by Mrs. Bland

## InfoBox

| The Three and the Deuce | |
| --- | --- |
| Robert William Elliston as the three Singles | |
| Written by | Prince Hoare |
| Date premiered | 2 September 1795 (1795-09-02) |
| Place premiered | Theatre Royal Haymarket |
| Original language | English |
| Setting | Cheltenham |