title: Wladimir Talanczuk

abstract: Wladimir Talanczuk is a Ukrainian- born aeronautical engineer known for his hang glider and ultralight aircraft designs.

text:
# Wladimir Talanczuk

**Wladimir Talanczuk** (also known by his anglicized name *Vladimir Talanczuk*) is a Ukrainian\- born aeronautical engineer known for his hang glider and ultralight aircraft designs.

## Career

Talanczuk graduated from the Polish Institute for Aviation Specialists in 1970 as an aeronautical engineer and immediately embarked upon a career as a designer of hang gliders and light aircraft. He worked with Tadensca Dobczynski, the Polish amateur aircraft builder, assisting in the design and construction of more than thirty Dobczynski designs.

Talanczuk qualified as a light aircraft pilot, logging 1200 hours of flight time. In 1972 he began to seriously devote his time to hang gliding. While working for the AeroKlub Wrocław he designed his *Mars* series of hang gliders, including the WT-6 Mars-S, WT-7 Mars-2S and WT-8 Mars-Agat. Throughout 1979 he was a member of the Polish National Hang Gliding Team and competed in the World Hang Gliding Championships at Grenoble, France, flying a Mars hang glider of his own design. The hang glider he flew at that event was at that time the largest wingspan hang glider flown.

Talanczuk also served as a consultant to the Polish National Aero Club in the fields of accident investigation and analysis. He designed several light aircraft and completed a single-seat gyroplane during his time in Poland.

He emigrated to Canada in 1981 and began working for hang glider and ultralight aircraft manufacturer Birdman Enterprises, of Edmonton, Alberta shortly after his arrival, filling the position of Chief Engineer and Designer.

Talanczuk's first project at Birdman was the design of a new ultralight aircraft to replace the Birdman Atlas in production. The company's stated design goals for the aircraft were: good flying characteristics, simplicity of construction and maximization of aesthetics.

Designer Talanczuk stated his own additional project intentions:

> An Ultralight is not only a fun machine, it should also be usable for utility purposes -- training, fishing trips, crop-spraying and even for freight carrying. But an Ultralight should be affordable by many people, so it shouldn't become expensive. The wings, for example, can't be complicated. They should be easy to build and fix.

Talanczuk chose an airfoil that was created by Dr Dave Marsden at the University of Alberta, the UA 80/1. The aircraft was his eleventh design and was designated the *WT-11 Chinook*, although in 1987 the company redesignated it *1S* (for 1 seat) to conform to their own nomenclature.

Birdman President Terry Jones assessed the results of the WT-11 design in a press release, saying:

> To judge from the final product, Talanczuk has achieved his aims in the Birdman WT 11 CHINOOK. It is a good-looking and compact machine that exhibits gentle but crisp flying characteristics; is strong yet simple in construction and offer a variety of applications from weekend flying to bushplane practicality. With a low initial purchase price and excellent fuel economy, the machine is also inexpensive to own and operate. In all, it's a perfect little aviation package.

The WT-11 received both critical acclaim and commercial success. The single seat WT-11 was followed by Talanczuk's two-seat trainer version which Birdman designated as the Chinook 2S (2 seater). A total of over 700 WT-11s and 2S Chinooks were completed before Birdman Enterprises went out of business in late 1987.

Talanczuk's Chinook design was resurrected in 1989, when it was redesigned by Aircraft Sales and Parts President Brent Holomis as the ASAP Chinook 2 Plus, an Advanced Ultralight Aeroplane that remains in production today.

## Aircraft

|
|  |
**Summary of aircraft designed by Wladimir Talanczuk**
| Model name | First flight | Number built | Type |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **WT-1** |  |  |  |
| **WT-2** |  |  |  |
| **WT-3** |  |  |  |
| **WT-4** |  |  |  |
| **WT-5** |  |  |  |
| **WT-6 Mars-S** |  |  | Single-place hang glider |
| **WT-7 Mars-2S** |  |  | Single-place hang glider |
| **WT-8 Mars-Agat** |  | 8 built by 1979 | Single-place hang glider |
| **WT-9** |  |  |  |
| **WT-10** |  |  |  |
| **Chinook WT-11** | 1982 | 700 WT-11 and 2S | Single-place ultralight aircraft |
| **Chinook 2S** | 1984 | 700 WT-11 and 2S | Two-place ultralight aircraft |
|

## InfoBox

| Wladimir Talanczuk | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Ukraine, USSR |
| Nationality | Ukrainian \- Canadian |
| Education | Institute for Aviation Specialists, Poland |
| Occupation | Engineer |
| **Engineering career** | |
| Institutions | AeroKlub Wrocław
Birdman Enterprises |
| Projects | Birdman WT-11 Chinook |
| Significant advance | Ultralight aircraft
Hang gliders |
|  | |


title: Wodyetia

abstract: Wodyetia bifurcata, the foxtail palm, is a species of palm in the family Arecaceae, native to Queensland, Australia. It is the sole species in the genus Wodyetia. The Palm and Cycads Societies of Australia (PACSOA) describes this palm as follows: "Very attractive palm with long (2-3m.) plumose leaves, and up to 10m tall with a grey trunk. It produces large orange fruit"

text:
# Wodyetia

***Wodyetia bifurcata***, the **foxtail palm**, is a species of palm in the family Arecaceae, native to Queensland, Australia. It is the sole species in the genus ***Wodyetia***.

The Palm and Cycads Societies of Australia (PACSOA) describes this palm as follows:

> *"Very attractive palm with long (2-3m.) plumose leaves (hence the name 'Foxtail'), and up to 10m tall with a grey trunk. It produces large (about the size of a duck egg) orange fruit"*

## Etymology

Most of the world was unaware of the existence of this 'spectacular' palm until 1978, when an Aboriginal man brought it to botanists and the world's attention

The Aboriginal name of that Aboriginal man has been recorded as being "Wodyeti", thus the genus name for this Australian endemic species *Wodyetia*. The specific name "bifurcata" is from Latin meaning “divided into two parts”, in reference to the forking ("bifurcate") fibres covering the seeds.

## Description

**Flowering**: White flowers stalk that comes from the base of the crownshaft.

**Foliage**: Variance of greenish colors; deep green to light green colors. Received its more commonly known Australian-English name from the appearance of its foliage, which is in a shape of a fox’s tail.

**Fruits**: 2 inches long. Olive green to green in the early stages. Orange red when ripe.

**Trunk**: Similar to the king palm, the foxtail palm trunk is smooth, thin, and self-cleaning. It grows a single, double, or triple trunk that is slightly spindle-shaped to columnar reaching heights of about 10 m (30 ft). The trunk also has a closely ringed, dark grey to light gray color which slowly turns more and more white. The crownshaft of the foxtail palm is light to bright green and slightly swollen at the base.

## Distribution

This species is endemic to the Cape Melville range, within the Cape Melville National Park in Queensland Australia. It was described in 1978, and was classed as a rare palm, both within Queensland, and on the IUCN's Red List of Threatened Species.

After it became known to the world, the Foxtail Palm's seeds were so highly sought after that a thriving black market trade formed, with illegal collectors nearly decimating the in situ populations. The species propagates readily in cultivation and this ultimately reduced the pressure on the wild population. It has become widely distributed across the world, being progressively planted out as one of the "world's most popular" palms.

## Ecology and habitat

The foxtail palm is endemic to a very small part of Australia, originally decorating the boulder-strewn, exposed gravel hills of the Cape Melville range, wholly within the Cape Melville National Park.

The area has been recognised for its rich biocultural diversity, having long and intense Aboriginal associations and a rich biodiversity.

* Queensland's 1993 Cape Melville affair involved the alleged theft of foxtail palms from a national park

## InfoBox

| *Wodyetia* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Conservation Dependent  (IUCN 2.3) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| *Clade*: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Arecales |
| Family: | Arecaceae |
| Subfamily: | Arecoideae |
| Tribe: | Areceae |
| Subtribe: | Ptychospermatinae |
| Genus: | *Wodyetia*
A.K.Irvine |
| Species: | ***W. bifurcata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Wodyetia bifurcata***
A.K.Irvine | |
|


title: Woodnymph

abstract: Woodnymphs are hummingbirds in the genus Thalurania. Males are green and violet-blue, while females are green with white-tipped tails and at least partially whitish underparts. Both sexes have an almost straight, entirely black bill and little or no white post-ocular spot. They are found in forest and tall second growth. The species in this genus are almost entirely allo- or parapatric, and a species is present virtually everywhere in the tropical humid Neotropics.

text:
# Woodnymph

**Woodnymphs** are hummingbirds in the genus ***Thalurania***. Males are green and violet-blue, while females are green with white-tipped tails and at least partially whitish underparts. Both sexes have an almost straight, entirely black bill and little or no white post-ocular spot. They are found in forest (primarily humid) and tall second growth. The species in this genus are almost entirely allo\- or parapatric, and a species is present virtually everywhere in the tropical humid Neotropics.

## Taxonomy

The genus *Thalurania* was introduced in 1848 by the English ornithologist John Gould. Gould did not specify a type species but this was designated as the fork-tailed woodnymph by George Robert Gray in 1855. The genus name combines the Ancient Greek *thalos* meaning "child" with *ouranos* meaning "heaven".

The genus contains four species:

In 2009 an additional species was described as the black-capped woodnymph (*T. nigricapilla*). It is reportedly restricted to Valle del Cauca in Colombia and lacks iridescence to its crown, but at present no official authority (beyond the describers themselves) recognize it as valid.

This genus formerly included the Mexican woodnymph. A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2014 found that *Thalurania* was non-monophyletic and that the Mexican woodnymph is closely related to species in the genus *Eupherusa*. Based on this result the Mexican woodnymph is now placed in *Eupherusa*.

* Peterson, A. T., Stiles, F. G., and Schuchmann, K. L. 1999. Woodnymphs (Thalurania). pp. 585–586 in: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., and Sargatal, J. eds. 1999. *Handbook of the Birds of the World.* Vol. 5. Barn-owls to Hummingbirds. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. ISBN 84-87334-25-3

## InfoBox

| Woodnymph | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Male violet-capped woodnymph (*Thalurania glaucopis*) | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| *Clade*: | Strisores |
| Order: | Apodiformes |
| Family: | Trochilidae |
| Tribe: | Trochilini |
| Genus: | *Thalurania*
Gould, 1848 |
|
| Type species | |
| *Trochilus furcatus* (fork-tailed woodnymph)
Gmelin, JF, 1788 | |
| Species | |
| *See text* | |


title: Woodnorth, Manitoba

abstract: Woodnorth is an unincorporated community in southwestern Manitoba, Canada. It is located approximately 17 kilometers southwest of Virden, Manitoba in the Rural Municipality of Pipestone.

text:
# Woodnorth, Manitoba

**Woodnorth** is an unincorporated community in southwestern Manitoba, Canada. It is located approximately 17 kilometers (11 miles) southwest of Virden, Manitoba in the Rural Municipality of Pipestone.

## InfoBox

| Woodnorth | |
| --- | --- |
| WoodnorthLocation of Woodnorth in Manitoba | |
| Coordinates: 49°43′57″N 101°4′52″W / 49.73250°N 101.08111°W / 49.73250; -101.08111 | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | Manitoba |
| Region | Westman Region |
| Census Division | No. 6 |
| Government | |
| Governing Body | Rural Municipality of Pipestone Council |
| MP | Larry Maguire |
| MLA | Greg Nesbitt |
| Time zone | UTC−6 (CST) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC−5 (CDT) |
| Area code | 204 |
| NTS Map | 062F11 |
| GNBC Code | GBENL |


title: Wroniawy, Łódź Voivodeship

abstract: Wroniawy is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Goszczanów, within Sieradz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) north of Goszczanów, 29 km (18 mi) north-west of Sieradz, and 66 km (41 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź.

text:
# Wroniawy, Łódź Voivodeship

**Wroniawy** \[vrɔˈɲavɨ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Goszczanów, within Sieradz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) north of Goszczanów, 29 km (18 mi) north-west of Sieradz, and 66 km (41 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź.

## InfoBox

| Wroniawy | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Wroniawy | |
| Coordinates: 51°48′37″N 18°30′39″E / 51.81028°N 18.51083°E / 51.81028; 18.51083 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Łódź |
| County | Sieradz |
| Gmina | Goszczanów |


title: Worst Fears Confirmed

abstract: Worst Fears Confirmed is the second album by Chicago rapper Vakill, released January 31, 2006 on Molemen Records. The album comes three years after the rapper's 2003 debut The Darkest Cloud. Like his debut, Worst Fears Confirmed was widely acclaimed by many sources. Allmusic reviewer Jason Ankeny gave the album a 4½ star rating, calling it a "Chicago hip-hop masterpiece" with "dazzling lyrical intelligence". The album is produced by Molemen members Panik and Memo and UK producer Chemo, and features guest appearances from Ras Kass, Royce da 5'9" and Vizion.

text:
# Worst Fears Confirmed

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllHipHop.com |  |
| Allmusic |  |
| HipHop11.com | (9.5/10) |
| HipHopSite.com |  |
| Okayplayer |  |
| Prefix |  |

***Worst Fears Confirmed*** is the second album by Chicago rapper Vakill, released January 31, 2006 on Molemen Records. The album comes three years after the rapper's 2003 debut *The Darkest Cloud*. Like his debut, *Worst Fears Confirmed* was widely acclaimed by many sources. Allmusic reviewer Jason Ankeny gave the album a 4½ star rating, calling it a "Chicago hip-hop masterpiece" with "dazzling lyrical intelligence" .

The album is produced by Molemen members Panik and Memo and UK producer Chemo, and features guest appearances from Ras Kass, Royce da 5'9" and Vizion.

## Track listing

| # | Title | Producer(s) | Performer (s) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | "Intro" | Panik |
|
| 2 | "Worst Fears Confirmed" | Memo | Vakill |
| 3 | "Cold War" | Panik | Vakill |
| 4 | "Introducin" | Panik | Vakill, Ras Kass |
| 5 | "When Was the Last Time" | Memo | Vakill |
| 6 | "Serpent and the Rainbow" | Panik | Vakill |
| 7 | "Monstaz Ink" | Panik | Vakill |
| 8 | "Farewell to the Game" | Memo | Vakill |
| 9 | "No Mercy" | Panik | Vakill |
| 10 | "Heart Bleeds" | Panik | Vakill |
| 11 | "The Kings Meets the Sickest" | Panik | Vakill, Royce da 5'9" |
| 12 | "The Confirmation" | Panik | Vakill |
| 13 | "Man into Monster" | Panik | Vakill, Vizion |
| 14 | "Flow Fever" | Chemo | Vakill |
| 15 | "Acts of Vengeance" | Panik | Vakill |

## InfoBox

| Worst Fears Confirmed | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Vakill | |
| Released | January 31, 2006 |
| Genre | Hip hop |
| Length | 52:45 |
| Label | Molemen Records |
| Producer |  |
| Vakill chronology | |
| *The Darkest Cloud*
(2003) ***Worst Fears Confirmed***
(2006) *Armor of God*
(2011) | |


title: Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention

abstract: The Convention Concerning the Prohibition and Immediate Action for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labour, known in short as the Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, was adopted by the International Labour Organization (ILO) in 1999 as ILO Convention No 182. It is one of eight ILO fundamental conventions. By ratifying this Convention No. 182, a country commits itself to taking immediate action to prohibit and eliminate the worst forms of child labour, including slavery, child prostitution, use of children in criminal activities, and dangerous labour. The Convention is enjoying the fastest pace of ratifications in the ILO's history since 1919. The ILO's International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC) is responsible for assisting countries in this regard as well as monitoring compliance. One of the methods used by IPEC to assist countries in this regard are Time-bound Programmes. The ILO also adopted the Worst Forms of Child Labour Recommendation No 190 in 1999. This recommendation contains, among others, recommendations on the types of hazards that should be considered for inclusion within a country-based definition of Worst Forms of Hazards faced by Children at Work. Convention No 182 has been signed by all ILO Member States by 4 August 2020. This has become the fastest ratified agreement in the UN's 101-year history.

text:
# Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention

The **Convention Concerning the Prohibition and Immediate Action for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labour**, known in short as the **Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention**, was adopted by the International Labour Organization (ILO) in 1999 as ILO Convention No 182. It is one of eight ILO fundamental conventions.

By ratifying this Convention No. 182, a country commits itself to taking immediate action to prohibit and eliminate the worst forms of child labour, including slavery, child prostitution, use of children in criminal activities, and dangerous labour. The Convention is enjoying the fastest pace of ratifications in the ILO's history since 1919.

The ILO's International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC) is responsible for assisting countries in this regard as well as monitoring compliance. One of the methods used by IPEC to assist countries in this regard are Time-bound Programmes.

The ILO also adopted the Worst Forms of Child Labour Recommendation No 190 in 1999. This recommendation contains, among others, recommendations on the types of hazards that should be considered for inclusion within a country-based definition of Worst Forms of Hazards faced by Children at Work.

Convention No 182 has been signed by all ILO Member States by 4 August 2020. This has become the fastest ratified agreement in the UN's 101-year history.

## Purpose of the Convention

The elimination of child labour was one of the main goals of the ILO. According to the UN agency, 152 million children worldwide are affected by the convention, almost half of which do dangerous work. Most child labour is carried out in the agricultural sector, mainly due to poverty and the difficulties faced by parents. The Convention supports the prohibition and elimination of the worst forms of child labour, including slavery, forced labour and trafficking in human beings. It prohibits the use of children in armed conflicts, prostitution and pornography, illegal activities such as drug trafficking and dangerous work. According to the ILO, the proportion of child labour fell by almost 40 percent between 2000 and 2016 as the ratification rate increased and countries passed laws and policies, including the minimum age of employment.

## Ratifications

On 4 August 2020, the High Commissioner for  Tonga in the United Kingdom, Hon. Titilupe Fanetupouvava'u Tuita-Tu'ivakanō, formally deposited the ratification instruments for this convention together with ILO Director-General, Guy Ryder. This is a historic event as it is the first time for an International Labor Convention to be ratified by all member states.

The convention has also not been extended to several non-metropolitan territories of states that ratified the convention:

| State | Non-metropolitan territory |
| --- | --- |
| Australia | Norfolk Island |
| Denmark | Faroe Islands,  Greenland |
| France | French Polynesia,  New Caledonia, French Southern and Antarctic Territories |
| Kingdom of the Netherlands | Sint Maarten and the Caribbean Netherlands |
| New Zealand | Tokelau |
| United States | American Samoa,  Guam,  Northern Mariana Islands,  Puerto Rico,  United States Virgin Islands |
| United Kingdom | Anguilla,  Bermuda,  British Virgin Islands,  Gibraltar,  Isle of Man,  Jersey,  Montserrat |

## Predefined *worst forms of child labour*

Article 3 of the International Labor Organization's Convention 182 includes forms of child labour, which are *predefined* as the worst forms of child labour, including the following:. They are also sometimes referred to as *automatic* worst forms of child labour.

The predefined worst forms of child labour are:

## Worst form hazards: To be defined by each ratifying country

The last category of worst form of child labour is work which by its nature or the circumstances is likely to harm the health, safety or morals of children, or Worst Forms of Hazards faced by Children at Work. Here the Convention recommended that the circumstances should be determined in consultation with organisations of employers and workers within a specific country. The Convention recommends that programmes of action should attend specifically to younger children, the girl child, hidden work situation in which girls are at special risk, and other groups of children with special vulnerabilities or needs. Worst Forms of Child Labour Recommendation No 190 contains recommendations on the types of hazards that should be considered to be included within a country-based definition of worst form hazards. This could lead to many deaths.

The worst forms of child labour that should be prohibited in ILO Recommendation No. 190 are:

* "Any work that exposes children to sexual abuse (physically or psychologically).
* Any work that is done underground, under water, at dangerous heights or in confined spaces.
* Any work that is done with dangerous machinery, equipment and tools.
* Any work that involves the manual handling or transport of heavy loads.
* Any work that is done in an unhealthy environment which may, for example, expose children to hazardous substances, agents or processes, or to temperatures, noise levels, or vibrations damaging to their health.
* Any work that is done under particularly difficult conditions such as work for long hours or during the night or work where the child is unreasonably confined to the premises of the employer."

## Country programmes on WFCL

Several programs exist (coordinated by the ILO or other UN organisations) to stimulate adherence to the convention:

The Special Rapporteur on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography plays a role in the co-ordination of activities.

## InfoBox

Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999
| Convention Concerning the Prohibition and Immediate Action for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labour | |
| --- | --- |
| Party   Convention not in force   Convention not applied (dependent territory)   Non ILO-member | |
| Signed | 17 June 1999 |
| Location | Geneva |
| Effective | 19 November 2000 |
| Condition | universal ratification by all 187 members of the UN International Labour Organization (ILO) |
| Parties | 187 |
| Depositary | Director-General of the International Labour Office |
| Languages | English and French (Article 16) |


title: Worst Superpower Ever

abstract: Worst Superpower Ever is an EP for children released by the nerd-folk duo The Doubleclicks on April 30, 2012.

text:
# Worst Superpower Ever

***Worst Superpower Ever*** is an EP for children released by the nerd-folk duo The Doubleclicks on April 30, 2012.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Uncle Geek's House" | 1:57 |
| 2. | "Worst Superpower Ever" (child-friendly version) | 2:24 |
| 3. | "The Nerdy Birthday Song" (child-friendly version) | 1:00 |
| 4. | "No Easy Way" | 2:34 |
| 5. | "This Fantasy World" (child-friendly version) | 2:59 |
| 6. | "Clever Girl" | 1:10 |
| 7. | "Apostrophe" (child-friendly version) | 2:12 |
| 8. | "A Lullaby For Mr. Bear" | 2:07 |

## InfoBox

| Worst Superpower Ever | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| EP by The Doubleclicks | |
| Released | April 30, 2012 |
| Recorded | Portland, Oregon |
| Genre | Nerd-folk |
| Producer | Laser Malena-Webber and Aubrey Turner |
| The Doubleclicks chronology | |
| *Chainmail and Cello*
(2012) ***Worst Superpower Ever***
(2012) *Christmas Ain't About Me*
(2012) | |


title: Wokowice

abstract: Wokowice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Brzesko, within Brzesko County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) north-east of Brzesko and 55 km (34 mi) east of the regional capital Kraków.

text:
# Wokowice

**Wokowice** \[vɔkɔˈvit͡sɛ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Brzesko, within Brzesko County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) north-east of Brzesko and 55 km (34 mi) east of the regional capital Kraków.

## InfoBox

| Wokowice | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Aerial view | |
| Wokowice | |
| Coordinates: 50°0′26″N 20°42′1″E / 50.00722°N 20.70028°E / 50.00722; 20.70028 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Lesser Poland |
| County | Brzesko |
| Gmina | Brzesko |
| Population | |
| Total | 513 |


title: Woseriner See

abstract: Woseriner See is a lake in the Ludwigslust-Parchim district in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. At an elevation of 37.2 m, its surface area is 2.35 km⁲.

text:
# Woseriner See

**Woseriner See** is a lake in the Ludwigslust-Parchim district in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. At an elevation of 37.2 m, its surface area is 2.35 km2.

* Nixdorf, B.; et al. (2004), "Woseriner See", *Dokumentation von Zustand und Entwicklung der wichtigsten Seen Deutschlands* (in German), Berlin: Umweltbundesamt, p. 322

## InfoBox

| Woseriner See | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Woseriner See | |
| Location | Ludwigslust-Parchim, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern |
| Coordinates | 53°40′10.06″N 12°1′53.05″E / 53.6694611°N 12.0314028°E / 53.6694611; 12.0314028 |
| Primary inflows | Bresenitz |
| Primary outflows | Bresenitz |
| Catchment area | 75.8 km2 (29.3 sq mi) |
| Basin countries | Germany |
|  | |
| Surface area | 2.35 km2 (0.91 sq mi) |
| Average depth | 9.1 m (30 ft) |
| Max. depth | 37.5 m (123 ft) |
| Water volume | 19,670,000 m3 (695,000,000 cu ft) |
| Surface elevation | 37.2 m (122 ft) |


title: Wow-Wow sauce

abstract: Wow-Wow Sauce is a sauce for which the first known recipe was published by William Kitchiner of London in 1817. It contains port, wine vinegar, parsley, pickled cucumbers or pickled walnuts, English mustard and mushroom ketchup in a base of beef stock, flour and butter. A recipe appears in Enquire Within Upon Everything. It is parodied as a sauce of the same name in the Discworld novels of Terry Pratchett, in which ingredients including sulphur and saltpetre render it highly explosive. A variant of the above real-world recipe is published in The Discworld Companion and Nanny Ogg's Cookbook.

text:
# Wow-Wow sauce

**Wow-Wow Sauce** (sometimes referred to as **Bow wow sauce**) is a sauce for which the first known recipe was published by William Kitchiner of London in 1817. It contains port, wine vinegar, parsley, pickled cucumbers or pickled walnuts, English mustard and mushroom ketchup in a base of beef stock, flour and butter. A recipe appears in *Enquire Within Upon Everything* (88th edition, 1894).

It is parodied as a sauce of the same name in the *Discworld* novels of Terry Pratchett, in which ingredients including sulphur and saltpetre render it highly explosive. A variant of the above real-world recipe is published in *The Discworld Companion* and *Nanny Ogg's Cookbook*.

## Further reading


title: Wow... The Story

abstract: Wow... The Story is a double album by Baby Cham, released on 24 October 2000, and referred to by the Miami New Times as "the most anticipated album in years from any reggae artist.". The album serves as an introduction to Baby Cham, one of Jamaica's dancehall artists. The first disc has previously released titles while disc two has new material. Disc one includes "The Mass" and "Funny Man", as well as the popular hits such as "Ghetto Pledge" and "Can I get A". On disc two, Cham moves away from the traditional dancehall. This disc includes "High Roller", where Cham collaborates with the dancehall artist Shaggy.

text:
# Wow... The Story

***Wow... The Story*** is a double album by Baby Cham, released on 24 October 2000, (see 2000 in music) and referred to by the *Miami New Times* as "the most anticipated album in years from any reggae artist.". The album serves as an introduction to Baby Cham, one of Jamaica's dancehall artists. The first disc has previously released titles while disc two has new material. Disc one includes "The Mass" and "Funny Man", as well as the popular hits such as "Ghetto Pledge" and "Can I get A". On disc two, Cham moves away from the traditional dancehall. This disc includes "High Roller", where Cham collaborates with the dancehall artist Shaggy.

## Disc one

| # | Title | Producer(s) | Featured guest(s) | Composer(s) | Time |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | "The Mass" | Dave Kelly |  | Charles, V.W./Kelly, D. | 2:43 |
| 2 | "Many Many" | Dave Kelly |  | Charles, V.W./Kelly, D./Beckett, D. | 2:44 |
| 3 | "Que Sera/Hottie Hottie Crew" | Dave Kelly |  | Kelly, D./Beckett, D. | 4:38 |
| 4 | "Funny Man" | Dave Kelly | Mr. Easy | Kelly, D. | 3:34 |
| 5 | "Gallang Yah Gal/We No Sorry" | Dave Kelly |  | Kelly, D. | 4:27 |
| 6 | "Boom/Can I Get A" | Dave Kelly |  | Kelly, D./Beckett, D. | 4:27 |
| 7 | "Boom Tune" | Dave Kelly |  | Kelly, D./Beckett, D. | 4:27 |
| 8 | "Desperate Measures" | Tony Kelly |  | Kelly, T./Beckett, D | 3:01 |
| 9 | "Ghetto Pledge" | Tony Kelly |  | Kelly, T./Beckett, D. | 3:50 |
| 10 | "Babylon Bwoy" | Dave Kelly |  | Fagen, Donald/Becker, Walter | 3:28 |
| 11 | "Ma People" | Dave Kelly |  | Kelly, D./Beckett, D. | 3:39 |
| 12 | "Man & Man" | Dave Kelly |  | Kelly, D./Beckett, D. | 3:28 |
|

## Disc two

| # | Title | Producer(s) | Featured guest(s) | Composer(s) | Time |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | "Who" | Dave Kelly |  | Kelly, D./Beckett, D. | 4:41 |
| 2 | "Heading to the Top" | Dave Kelly |  | Kelly, D./Beckett, D. | 3:22 |
| 3 | "On a Roll" | Dave Kelly |  | Kelly, D./Beckett, D. | 3:39 |
| 4 | "Flossing Everyday" | Dave Kelly |  | Kelly, D./Beckett, D. | 2:58 |
| 5 | "More" | Dave Kelly | Foxy Brown | Kelly, D./Beckett, D. | 2:59 |
| 6 | "No" | Dave Kelly |  | Kelly, d./Beckett, D. | 3:44 |
| 7 | "High Rollers" | Dave Kelly | Shaggy | Burrell, O./Harris, Hope/Kelly, D./Beckett, D. | 4:03 |
| 8 | "Smooth Operator" | Dave Kelly | Mr. Easy | Kelly, D./Beckett, D. | 3:58 |
| 9 | "Another Level" | Dave Kelly | Bounty Killer | Pryce, R./Kelly, D./Beckett, D. | 3:38 |
| 10 | "Mama's Teaching | Dave Kelly |  | Kelly, D./Beckett, D. | 4:04 |
|

## Credits

* Brian Gold - backing vocals
* Tony Gold - backing vocals
* Brian Thompson - vocals
* Christopher Birch - keyboards
* Nigel Staff - keyboards
* Bounty Killer \- performer
* Tony Kelly - producer, engineer
* Rovleta Fraser - backing vocals
* Colin "The Captain" Hines - mixing
* Claude "Weakhand" Reynolds - assistant engineer
* Kirk Allen - assistant engineer
* Dave Kelly \- bass guitar, producer, engineer, drum programming, mixing, instrumentation
* Baby Cham \- main performer
* Aisha Davis - backing vocals
* Mario "Baddable" Gordon - assistant engineer
* Delano "Baddable" McLaughlin - assistant engineer
* Sharpe Sherida - backing vocals
* Sisco "Baddable" Wedderburn - assistant engineer
* Roselyn Williams - backing vocals

## Album singles

| Single information |
| --- |
| "The Mass" * Released: 16 March 2000 * B-side: "Ghetto Pledge" |
| "Ghetto Pledge" |
| "Funny Man" * Released: 26 March 2000 * B-side: "Boom/Can I Get A" |
| "Boom/Can I Get A" * Released: 24 April 2000 * B-side: "Vitamin S" |

## InfoBox

| Wow... The Story | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Baby Cham | |
| Released | 24 October 2000 (2000-10-24) (US) |
| Recorded | 1999–2000 |
| Genre | Dancehall, ragga |
| Length | 77:50 |
| Label | Artist Only/Madhouse Records |
| Producer | Dave Kelly
Tony Kelly |
| Baby Cham chronology | |
| ***Wow... The Story***
(2000) *Ghetto Story*
(2006) | |


abstract: The boys' 46 kg tournament in wrestling at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics was held on August 17 at the International Convention Centre. The event limited competitors to a maximum of 46 kilograms of body mass. The tournament had two groups where wrestlers compete in a round-robin format. The winners of each group would go on to play for the gold medal, second placers played for the bronze medal while everyone else played for classification depending on where they ranked in the group stage.

text:
# Wrestling at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics – Boys' freestyle 46 kg

The **boys' 46 kg** tournament in **wrestling at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics** was held on August 17 at the International Convention Centre.

The event limited competitors to a maximum of 46 kilograms of body mass. The tournament had two groups where wrestlers compete in a round-robin format. The winners of each group would go on to play for the gold medal, second placers played for the bronze medal while everyone else played for classification depending on where they ranked in the group stage.

## Medalists

| Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Aldar Balzhinimaev
Russia | Mehran Sheikhi
Iran | Artak Hovhannisyan
Armenia |

## Group stages

### Group A

| Athlete | Pld | C. Points | T. Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Mehran Sheikhi (IRI) | 2 | 7 | 11 |
| Andry Davila (VEN) | 2 | 5 | 8 |
| Robinson Rios (PER) | 2 | 0 | 2 |

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Andry Davila (VEN)** | **Fall**
(**7**–0) | Robinson Rios (PER) |
| Andry Davila (VEN) | **0-2**
(1-**3**, 0-**1**) | **Mahran Sheikhi (IRI)** |
| Robinson Rios (PER) | **Fall**
(2-**7**) | **Mehran Sheikh (IRI)** |

### Group B

| Athlete | Pld | C. Points | T. Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Aldar Balzhinimaev (RUS) | 2 | 6 | 13 |
| Artak Hovhannisyan (ARM) | 2 | 4 | 9 |
| Mohamed Abdelnaeem (EGY) | 2 | 1 | 1 |

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Mohamed Abdelnaeem (EGY) | **0-2**
(0-**6**, 0-**1**) | **Artak Hovhannisyan (ARM)** |
| Mohamed Abdelnaeem (EGY) | **0-2**
(0-**3**, 1-**2**) | **Aldar Balzhinimaev (RUS)** |
| Artak Hovhannisyan (ARM) | **0-2**
(1-**4**, 1-**4**) | **Aldar Balzhinimaev (RUS)** |

## Classification

### 5th-place match

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Robinson Rios (PER) | **Fall**
(6-**5**) | **Mohamed Abdelnaeem (EGY)** |

### Bronze-medal match

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Andry Davila (VEN) | **0-2**
(0-**4**, 1-**5**) | **Artak Hovhannisyan (ARM)** |

### Gold-medal match

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Mehran Sheikhi (IRI) | **Fall**
(2-**4**, 0-**7**) | **Aldar Balzhinimaev (RUS)** |

## Final rankings

| Rank | Athlete |
| --- | --- |
|  | Aldar Balzhinimaev (RUS) |
|  | Mehran Sheikhi (IRI) |
|  | Artak Hovhannisyan (ARM) |
| 4 | Andry Davila (VEN) |
| 5 | Mohamed Abdelnaeem (EGY) |
| 6 | Robinson Rios (PER) |


title: Whitsunday Region

abstract: The Whitsunday Region is a local government area located in North Queensland, Australia. Established in 2008, it was preceded by two previous local government areas with a history extending back to the establishment of regional local government in Queensland in 1879. It has an estimated operating budget of A$48.8m. In the 2021 census, the Whitsunday Region had a population of 37,152 people.

text:
# Whitsunday Region

The **Whitsunday Region** is a local government area located in North Queensland, Australia. Established in 2008, it was preceded by two previous local government areas with a history extending back to the establishment of regional local government in Queensland in 1879.

It has an estimated operating budget of A$48.8m.

In the 2021 census, the Whitsunday Region had a population of 37,152 people.

## History

Prior to 2008, the new Whitsunday Region was an entire area of two previous and distinct local government areas:

The Bowen Municipality was constituted on 7 August 1863 under the *Municipalities Act 1858* (a piece of New South Wales legislation inherited by Queensland at its separation four years earlier). On 11 November 1879, the Wangaratta Division was created as one of 74 divisions around Queensland under the *Divisional Boards Act 1879*. With the passage of the *Local Authorities Act 1902*, Wangaratta became a shire and Bowen became a town on 31 March 1903.

On 19 January 1910, the Shire of Proserpine was excised from Wangaratta. It was renamed on 18 February 1989.

On 2 April 1960, the Town of Bowen was abolished, and merged into the Shire of Wangaratta, which was renamed Bowen.

In July 2007, the Local Government Reform Commission released its report and recommended that the two areas amalgamate. Both councils and residents across the board opposed amalgamation, although amalgamation with each other was the preferred option of each if forced to choose. On 15 March 2008, the Shires formally ceased to exist, and elections were held on the same day to elect councillors and a mayor to the Regional Council.

In 2012, a petition signed by over 1600 people requested that the Whitsunday Region be de-amalgamated. Although the number of signatories was sufficiently large, the Queensland Government refused the request for a de-amalgamation vote arguing that the financial modelling did not show that deamalgamation would be financially viable.

In March 2017, many areas of the Whitsunday Region were damaged by Cyclone Debbie. The Proserpine Council Chambers was extensively damaged.

### Cyclone Debbie recovery

A new $6 million council administration building will be constructed in Proserpine during late 2018/2019, after this facility is completed workers that are temporarily being housed in Cannonvale will re-locate back to Proserpine. This will be a major new building that will also include a new disaster hub and resilience center.

## Wards

The council is split into six divisions, each returning one councillor, plus a mayor.

## Towns and localities

The Whitsunday Region includes the following settlements:

## Libraries

The Whitsunday Regional Council operate public libraries at Bowen, Cannonvale, Collinsville, and Proserpine.

## Demographics

| Year | Population
(Total) | Population
(Bowen) | Population
(Whitsunday) | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1933 | *11,477* | 7,543 | 3,934 |  |
| 1947 | *11,700* | 8,083 | 3,617 |  |
| 1954 | *13,094* | 8,518 | 4,576 |  |
| 1961 | *14,604* | 9,491 | 5,113 |  |
| 1966 | *15,616* | 9,342 | 6,274 |  |
| 1971 | *16,651* | 10,231 | 6,420 |  |
| 1976 | *19,038* | 11,292 | 7,746 |  |
| 1981 | *24,478* | 13,645 | 10,833 |  |
| 1986 | *25,945* | 14,364 | 11,581 |  |
| 1991 | *29,388* | 14,161 | 15,227 |  |
| 1996 | *31,202* | 14,411 | 16,791 |  |
| 2001 | *32,021* | 13,698 | 18,323 |  |
| 2006 | *36,158* | 14,625 | 21,533 |  |
| 2011 | 31,426 |  | | |
| 2016 | 33,778 |  | | |
| 2021 | 37,152 |  | | |

## List of mayors

| # | Name | Party | | Years in office |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Mike Brunker |  | Labor | 2008–2012 |
| 2 | Jennifer Whitney |  | Independent | 2012–2016 |
| 3 | Andrew Willcox |  | Liberal National | 2016–2022 |
| 4 | Julie Hall |  | One Nation | 2022–present |

20°00′44″S 148°13′23″E / 20.01222°S 148.22306°E / -20.01222; 148.22306

## InfoBox

| Whitsunday Region
Queensland | |
| --- | --- |
| Location within Queensland | |
| Aerial view of Proserpine, the service & administrative centre and ultimately gateway to the region by road, rail and air | |
| Population | 37,152 (2021 census) |
| • Density | 1.55976/km2 (4.03977/sq mi) |
| Established | 2008 |
| Area | 23,819 km2 (9,196.6 sq mi) |
| Mayor | Ry Collins |
| Council seat | Proserpine |
| Region | North Queensland |
| State electorate(s) |  |
| Federal division(s) |  |
|  | |
| Website | Whitsunday Region |
| **LGAs around Whitsunday Region:**  Burdekin *Coral Sea* *Coral Sea*  Charters Towers Whitsunday Region *Coral Sea*  Isaac Isaac Mackay | |


title: Nayenezgani

abstract: Naayééʼ Neizghání is a mythical hero from Navajo mythology who, along with his brother Tóbájízhchíní, rid the world of the Naayééʼ. He is considered by some to be the Navajo god of war, although evidence for this is flimsy.

text:
# Nayenezgani

**Naayééʼ Neizghání** (Navajo pronunciation: \[nɑ̀ːjéːʔ nèɪ̀zɣɑ́nɪ́\]) is a mythical hero from Navajo mythology who, along with his brother Tóbájízhchíní, rid the world of the Naayééʼ. He is considered by some to be the Navajo god of war, although evidence for this is flimsy.

## Etymology

Naayééʼ Neizghání is a Navajo word that can be translated to "Monster Slayer" or "Killer of Enemies".

## Mythology

### Birth

Changing Woman (sometimes The White-Painted Woman or The White Shell Woman) became pregnant with her children after basking in the Sun God's rays while bathing in a pool of water. The giant Yéʼiitsoh heard when the children were born and set out to kill and devour them. Changing Woman hid her sons and tried to convince Yéʼiitsoh that it was mistaken. When questioned about the small footprints in the snow, Changing Woman replied saying that in her loneliness she made the footprints herself to pretend she has company.

### Slaying Monsters

After both brothers had matured they set out to destroy the Naayééʼ, who were abominations born from "unnatural means" (specifically women having intercourse with objects instead of men). One of the earliest creatures they encountered was the Spider Woman (or the Spider Grandmother) who gave them each a feather that would defend them on their journey, which they used to protect themselves against multiple monsters (including giant birds, bears, and serpents).

### Meeting the Sun God

At one point, the brothers decided to visit their father, Jóhonaaʼéí, the sun. The trials they have to go through are different depending on the version of the story, but most involve figuring out clever ways to climb up into the sky and get past the guards of the sun's house. Once they have proved themselves to their father, he gifts them weapons to help them kill the rest of the Naayééʼ, chief among them being a quiver full of lightning bolts.

### Killing Yéʼiitsoh

Yéʼiitsoh is described as the largest and most powerful of the Naayééʼ, usually the last to be killed by Naayééʼ Neizghání. Whichever method is used to kill the giant, it almost always involves taunting it from a hiding place and striking a fatal blow with a lightning bolt.

Naayééʼ Neizghání is mentioned, and is a recurring theme, in Roger Zelanzy's book, Eye of Cat.

In the Buffy the Vampire Slayer universe, Naayééʼ Neizghání appears as one of the slayers before Buffy.

Naayééʼ Neizghání has briefly been mentioned in both Thor and Wonder Woman comics as a part of the Navajo pantheon.

In the book Race to the Sun, Nizhoni and Mac Begay are revealed to be descendants of Naayééʼ Neizghání.


title: Stempfferia schultzei

abstract: Stempfferia schultzei is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in Cameroon.

text:
# Stempfferia schultzei

***Stempfferia schultzei*** is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in Cameroon.

## InfoBox

| *Stempfferia schultzei* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Lycaenidae |
| Genus: | *Stempfferia* |
| Species: | ***S. schultzei*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Stempfferia schultzei***<br>Libert, 1999 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Stempfferia (Cercenia) schultzei* | |


title: Matt Kennon

abstract: Matthew Carl Ferguson is an American country music singer and songwriter known professionally as Matt Kennon. He has co-written a song for Randy Travis and has released one album for BamaJam Records. This album includes the top 40 hit "The Call".

text:
# Matt Kennon

**Matthew Carl Ferguson** (born in Conyers, Georgia) is an American country music singer and songwriter known professionally as **Matt Kennon**. He has co-written a song for Randy Travis and has released one album for BamaJam Records. This album includes the top 40 hit "The Call".

## Biography

Matthew Carl Ferguson was born in Conyers, Georgia. He was adopted at birth by two parents, who had previously lost three of their four biological children to a house fire. Kennon's birth mother, who already had another son, made a decision to have an abortion, but she arrived at her doctor's office two weeks too late and was told she had to carry the child to full term.

He began playing the drums at age seven, and went on to play drums in high school jazz bands. Later on, he began performing at clubs in the Atlanta, Georgia area, playing cover versions of country and southern rock songs.

In the late 2000s, Kennon self-released an album of his music, which he began selling at his concerts. He then moved to Nashville, Tennessee, where he met Travis Tritt's former manager Gary Falcon, who recommended him to Kyle Lehning, a record producer known for his work with Randy Travis. After Travis recorded Kennon's "Turn It Around" and released it as a single, Kennon was signed to a publishing contract. He also began working with another producer, James Stroud.

Later in 2009, Kennon signed to BamaJam Records in association with Stroudavarious Records (which Stroud owns) and released his debut single "The Call," which he wrote with Jeremy Campbell and Noah Gordon. The song debuted at number 55 on the *Billboard* Hot Country Songs charts dated for the week of October 17, 2009. Matt Bjorke of Roughstock gave the song a mostly-favorable review, saying that he did not enjoy the song upon first listen because of Kennon's voice, but said that the lyrics are "where it shines."

Kennon's self-titled debut album was released on May 11, 2010. In advance of the album's release, he released a three-song extended play featuring "The Call" and two other songs from the album.

In April 2011, Kennon self-released a second album titled *77*.

In October 2012, Kennon self-released a third album titled *Makin Music That Matters*.

In August 2013, Kennon also released an extended play titled *Four on the Floor*, which included four new songs and a previously recorded track.

## Discography

### Studio albums

| Title | Album details | Peak chart positions | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | US Country
 | US
 | US
Heat
 | US Indie
 |
| *Matt Kennon* | * Release date: May 11, 2010 * Label: BamaJam Records | 19 | 116 | 1 | 24 |
| *77* | * Release date: April 27, 2011 * Label: Roaddawg Records |  |  |  |  |
| *Makin' Music That Matters* | * Release date: October 30, 2012 * Label: Roaddawg Records |  |  |  |  |
|
| *Leavin' Ain't Letting Go* | * Release date: July 15, 2016 * Label: River Swirl Entertainment |  |  |  |  |
|
| *When I Get Home* | * Release date: July 28, 2017 * Label: Roaddawg Records |  |  |  |  |
|
| *The Best Of* | * Release date: December 8, 2017 * Label: Roaddawg Records |  |  |  |  |
| "—" denotes releases that did not chart | | | | | |
|

### Extended plays

| Title | Album details | Peak positions |
| --- | --- | --- |
| | | US Country
 |
| *The Call* | * Release date: March 9, 2010 * Label: BamaJam Records | 65 |
| *EP3 – Single* | * Release date: August 6, 2011 * Label: Roaddawg Records |  |
| *Four on the Floor* | * Release date: August 13, 2013 * Label: Roaddawg Records |  |
|
| *Simplified* | * Release date: February 4, 2014 * Label: Roaddawg Records |  |
| *Real Good* | * Release date: September 16, 2014 * Label: Roaddawg Records |  |
| "—" denotes releases that did not chart | | |
|

### Singles

| Year | Single | Peak positions | Album |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | US Country
 | |
| 2009 | "The Call" | 33 | *Matt Kennon* |
| 2010 | "You Can Still Wear White" | |  |
| 2011 | "Too Loud" | |  |
| | "You Had to Pick on Me" | 77 |  |
| 2019 | "Love Is Stronger" |  |  |
| "—" denotes releases that did not chart | | | |
|

### Music videos

| Year | Video |
| --- | --- |
| 2009 | "The Call" |

## InfoBox

| Matt Kennon | |
| --- | --- |
| Matt Kennon at BamaJam Music & Art Festival, in June 2010 | |
| Background information | |
| Born | Matthew Carl Ferguson |
| Origin | Conyers, Georgia, U.S. |
| Genres | Country |
| Occupation | Singer-songwriter |
| Instrument | Vocals |
| Years active | 2001–present |
| Labels | BamaJam/Stroudavarious |
|  | |
| Website | http://mattkennon.com/ |


title: Life and Death of a Spanish Town

abstract:
Life and Death of a Spanish Town is a book by Elliot Paul based on his actual experiences of living in the town of Santa Eulària des Riu on the Spanish island of Ibiza, at the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War.
The book was published in 1937 by Random House Inc, of New York.

text:
# Life and Death of a Spanish Town

***Life and Death of a Spanish Town*** is a book by Elliot Paul based on his actual experiences of living in the town of Santa Eulària des Riu on the Spanish island of Ibiza, at the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War. The book was published in 1937 by Random House Inc, of New York.

## Format

The book starts with a list of the *Men and Women of Santa Eulalia*. The story is then presented in two parts. The first is titled *4000 BC to 1936 AD*, with the second part called *July 14 to September 15, 1936*. There is also a postscript by Paul, dated 14 June 1937.

## Synopsis

The book is set in and around the small town of Santa Eulària des Riu, on Ibiza, where Paul had lived since 1931.

The first part of the book describes the town and many of the characters who live and work there. He details their family lives, their hopes, their aspirations, and their politics. He provides details of the people at work and at play and describes how he becomes part of the community of the town. Paul also writes of other expatriates who have made their homes in and around the town.

The second part of the book starts with Paul and his family returning to Ibiza after some time away. The narrative is set in 1936 in the week leading up to the outbreak of hostilities on Ibiza during the Spanish Civil War and describes the events that eventually lead to Paul, his family and other refugees from the violence, fleeing the island. It tells the story of civil disobedience, collaboration, and the violence that split a once-happy community, but the narrative finishes before the tragic turn of events reaches its conclusion.

The postscript, written by Paul, dated 14 June 1937, details events following his departure from Ibiza and describes his hopes and fears for his friends on the island and a way of life that he thought would change forever.

## Contents

### The Characters

## Reviews

The book was praised by Richard Rees, editor of *The Adelphi* magazine, who called it, along with George Orwell's *Homage to Catalonia* and Georges Bernanos's *Les grands cimetières sous la lune*, one of "the only books about Spain that can be said to be written by people with free (i.e. fundamentally honest, if often mistaken ) minds".

## InfoBox

Life and Death of a Spanish Town
| First edition | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Elliot Paul |
| Language | English |
| Genre | Modern History |
| Publisher | Random House Publishers |
| Publication date | 1937 |
| Publication place | United States |
| Media type | Print (hardcover) |
| Pages | 427 (first edition) |


abstract: Scottrade Center, St. Louis, MO, 8/23/08 is a live album by Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band, released on April 14, 2017. It is the twelfth official release through the Bruce Springsteen Archives. The show was originally recorded live at the Scottrade Center in St. Louis, MO on August 23, 2008, during the Magic Tour.

text:
# Scottrade Center, St. Louis, MO, 8/23/08

***Scottrade Center, St. Louis, MO, 8/23/08*** is a live album by Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band, released on April 14, 2017. It is the twelfth official release through the Bruce Springsteen Archives. The show was originally recorded live at the Scottrade Center in St. Louis, MO on August 23, 2008, during the *Magic Tour*.

## Background

"On the 2007-08 Magic tour, fans began bringing song-request signs. Bruce seemed to revel in the challenge, while the suggestions also appeared to inspire him to resurrect songs he hadn’t played in decades. There’s no finer show to capture this fan-artist dynamic than this outstanding performance in St. Louis on 8/23/2008 including The Crystals’ "Then She Kissed Me" and Chuck Berry's "Little Queenie".

## Track listing

All songs by Bruce Springsteen, except where noted.

### Set one

1. "Then She Kissed Me" – 4:53
2. "Radio Nowhere" – 3:53
3. "Out in the Street" – 5:55
4. "Adam Raised a Cain" – 5:22
5. "Spirit in the Night" – 8:05
6. "Rendezvous" – 6:08
7. "For You" – 7:09
8. "Mountain of Love" – 4:34
9. "Backstreets" – 7:31
10. "Gypsy Biker" – 6:39
11. "Because the Night" – 6:17
12. "She's the One" – 6:13
13. "Livin' in the Future" – 6:25
14. "Cover Me" – 4:44
15. "Mary's Place" – 15:12
16. "Drive All Night" – 9:27
17. "The Rising" – 5:06
18. "Last to Die" – 4:26
19. "Long Walk Home" – 6:29
20. "Badlands" – 10:37
21. "Girls in Their Summer Clothes" – 5:28
22. "Jungleland" – 11:03
23. "Detroit Medley" – 4:52
24. "Born to Run" - 5:39
25. "Dancing in the Dark" – 6:02
26. "American Land" – 9:30
27. "Thunder Road" – 6:10
28. "Little Queenie" – 7:39
29. "Twist and Shout" – 4:07

## Personnel

**The E Street Band**

**Additional musicians**

## InfoBox

| Scottrade Center, St. Louis, MO, 8/23/08 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Live album by Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band | |
| Released | April 14, 2017 |
| Recorded | August 23, 2008 |
| Venue | Scottrade Center, St. Louis, MO |
| Genre | Rock |
| Producer | John Cooper |
| Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band chronology | |
| *HSBC Arena, Buffalo, NY, 11/22/09*
(2016) ***Scottrade Center, St. Louis, MO, 8/23/08***
(2017) *Olympiastadion, Helsinki, July 31, 2012*
(2017) | |


title: Writers Guild of America

abstract:
The Writers Guild of America (WGA) is the generic term of two different American labor unions, representing writers in film, television, radio, and online media:
  - The Writers Guild of America, East (WGAE), headquartered in New York City and affiliated with the AFL-CIO national trade union center
  - The Writers Guild of America West (WGAW), headquartered in Los Angeles but unaffiliated. Although both organizations operate independently, they perform some common activities, including negotiating contracts and launching strike actions in unison.

text:
# Writers Guild of America

The **Writers Guild of America** (**WGA**) is the generic term of two different American labor unions, representing writers in film, television, radio, and online media:

Although both organizations operate independently, they perform some common activities, including negotiating contracts and launching strike actions in unison.

## Background and founding

Both organizations of the Writers Guild of America were established by 1954 after the merging of groups from other writers labor unions. The Authors Guild (AG) was originally founded in 1912 as the Authors' League of America (ALA) to represent book and magazine authors, as well as dramatists. In 1921, the Dramatists Guild of America split off as a separate group to represent writers of stage and, later, radio drama. That same year, the Screen Writers Guild (SWG) was formed to represent film screenwriters, but operated primarily more as a social organization until 1933 when the group affiliated with the AG and took on a more active role in labor negotiations. With the emergence of the television industry by 1948, the SWG and a Television Writers Group within the AG began to represent TV writers. In recognition of the growing complexity of representing members in many different fields of entertainment writing, the unions reorganized in 1954. Both the Authors Guild and the Dramatists Guild would continue to represent writers in print media, the SWG would fold, and those working in motion pictures, TV, and radio would be represented by two new guilds, headquartered on both coasts: the WGAE and the WGAW.

## Common activities

Although the WGAE and the WGAW run independently of each other, they jointly perform some regular activities, including the following:

## Strikes

The WGAE and WGAW negotiate contracts in unison as well as launch strike actions simultaneously.


title: Tom Astor

abstract: Tom Astor is a German singer and composer. He is noted for his extensive country and western recordings. He has worked with Johnny Cash, Kris Kristofferson, Dolly Parton, Kenny Rogers, John Denver, The Bellamy Brothers, Willie Nelson, Billy Ray Cyrus, George Jones, Wanda Jackson and Charlie McCoy among others.

text:
# Tom Astor

**Tom Astor** (born 27 February 1943) is a German singer and composer. He is noted for his extensive country and western recordings. He has worked with Johnny Cash, Kris Kristofferson, Dolly Parton, Kenny Rogers, John Denver, The Bellamy Brothers, Willie Nelson, Billy Ray Cyrus, George Jones, Wanda Jackson and Charlie McCoy among others.

## Discography

Astor has recorded some 40 albums and around 600 songs. He has sold more than 4 million sound recordings.

### Albums

* Grand Prix 1976
* Asphalt Cowboy 1980
* Hallo Trucker 1981
* Country & Western Super Hits (Folge 1) 1983
* Country & Western Super Hits (Folge 2) 1983
* Westwind 1984
* Hallo, guten Morgen Deutschland 1986
* Trucker Weihnacht 1986
* Lass rollen Trucker 1987
* Hallo Freunde 1987
* Eine kleine Dosis Freiheit 1988
* International Airport
* Fröhliche Trucker Weihnacht 1988
* Meine schönsten Country & Trucker Songs 1989
* Junger Adler 1990
* Voll aus dem Leben 1991
* Auf Achse 1991
* Hallo Trucker 1991
* Kapitäne der Landstraße 1992
* Fröhliche Trucker Weihnacht 1992
* Sturm und Drang 1993
* Flieg junger Adler 1993
* Ich bin wie ich bin 1994
* Kameraden der Straße 1994
* Meilensteine 1995
* Tom Astor 1996
* Das Beste ... Live 1997
* ...und ich bin dein Freund 1998
* Hautnah 2000
* Mein Eldorado 2003
* Tom Astor Live 2004
* Ich will mehr 2005
* Lass es schnei’n 2005
* Duette 2007 (with Johnny Cash, Kenny Rogers, Waylon Jennings, Billy Swan and Willie Nelson)
* Alles klar – kein Problem! 2008
* Tom Astor & Band unplugged live 2009
* Leben pur 2010
* Kinder Country Party 2012
* Volle Kraft voraus 2014
* Lieder zum Anfassen 2015
* Ein Abend mit Tom Astor 2016

### Singles

* *Hallo, guten Morgen Deutschland* 1984 und 1990
* *Freunde* 1988
* *Junger Adler* 1990
* *Ich bin kein Dichter- kein Poet* 1991
* *Take it easy nimm’s leicht* 1991
* *Flieg junger Adler* 1993
* *Kleiner Rebell* 1994
* *Hungrige Herzen* 1994
* *Irgendwie wird's schon geh´n* 1996
* *Eisen im Feuer* 1997
* *Ich bin dein Freund*
* *Mein Eldorado* 2003
* *Steh immer wieder auf* 2005
* *Wir werden nicht älter* 2008
* *Mit voller Kraft voraus* 2014

## Awards and honors

## InfoBox

| Tom Astor | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Wilhelm Bräutigam |
| Born | (1943-02-27) 27 February 1943<br>Schmallenberg, Nazi Germany |
| Genres | Country music, Schlager music |
| Occupation(s) | Singer, songwriter |
| Instrument(s) | Vocals, Guitar |
| Labels | Ariola, BMG, EMI |
|  | |
| Website | http://www.tom-astor.de |


title: WVOD

abstract: WVOD is a commercial radio station licensed to Manteo, North Carolina serving the Outer Banks of North Carolina which includes Kitty Hawk, Kill Devil Hills, and Nags Head. WVOD broadcasts at 50,000 watts at 99.1 FM and is silent, formerly formatted as an AAA or Adult Album Alternative music station. The station is owned by Jam Media Solutions, LLC.

text:
# WVOD

**WVOD** (99.1 FM) is a commercial radio station licensed to Manteo, North Carolina serving the Outer Banks of North Carolina which includes Kitty Hawk, Kill Devil Hills, and Nags Head. WVOD broadcasts at 50,000 watts at 99.1 FM and is silent, formerly formatted as an AAA or Adult Album Alternative music station. The station is owned by Jam Media Solutions, LLC.

## History

WVOD-FM began life on 99.3 FM as 99 3D, "Your Voices of Dare". Two Dare County businesswomen established the station under the company name "Orbit Communications", and with the license and engineering permits in place, the station began broadcasting on Easter weekend 1986. At the time the station went on the air, there were only three full-time salaried announcers on the company payroll. The station broadcast with 3 kW, moving to 99.1 in 1989 in order to upgrade to 50,000 watts. The original studio and offices were located in an old hardware store on the Manteo waterfront across the street from the Dare County courthouse.

Around 1996, WVOD became a full-fledged AAA station and the station moniker became 'The Sound 99.1".

In 2006, Convergent Broadcasting LLC, which had bought the station in 2002, sold WVOD, WFMZ, WYND-FM and WZPR to CapSan Media LLC.

Hengooch, LLC bought WVOD, WYND-FM, and WZPR/WFMZ in 2010 for $200,000. Max Radio of the Carolinas operated WVOD, WZPR/WFMZ, WCMS-FM and WCXL as of 2013; WYND-FM was sold.

In 2018, Hengooch, LLC sold all of its North Carolina stations to Jam Media Solutions, LLC.

Davis Media planned to buy WVOD and other stations but the deal is off.

On July 9, 2024, WVOD ceased operations.

35°50′46″N 75°38′49″W / 35.846°N 75.647°W / 35.846; -75.647

## InfoBox

WVOD
| Currently silent | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Broadcast area | Elizabeth City/Nags Head |
| Frequency | 99.1 MHz |
| Branding | 99.1 The Sound |
| Programming | |
| Format | Silent (was Adult Album Alternative) |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Jam Media Solutions, LLC |
| Sister stations | WZPR, WCMS-FM, WCXL |
| History | |
| First air date | 1986 |
| Call sign meaning | W
**V**oice
**O**f
**D**are County |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 50525 |
| Class | C2 |
| ERP | 50,000 watts |
| HAAT | 150 meters |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Website | 991thesound.com |


title: WWWZ

abstract: WWWZ is a commercial radio station licensed to Summerville, South Carolina, and serving the Charleston metropolitan area and the South Carolina Lowcountry. It is owned by Cumulus Media and broadcasts an urban contemporary radio format. Its radio studios and offices are on Faber Place Drive in North Charleston. WWWZ carries the Premiere Networks syndicated morning show from New York City, The Breakfast Club. WWWZ has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 50,000 watts. The transmitter tower is on Radio Lane in Charleston near the Cooper River. The station often refers to Charleston by its urban nickname "Chucktown".

text:
# WWWZ

**WWWZ** (93.3 FM) is a commercial radio station licensed to Summerville, South Carolina, and serving the Charleston metropolitan area and the South Carolina Lowcountry. It is owned by Cumulus Media and broadcasts an urban contemporary radio format. Its radio studios and offices are on Faber Place Drive in North Charleston. WWWZ carries the Premiere Networks syndicated morning show from New York City, *The Breakfast Club*.

WWWZ has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 50,000 watts. The transmitter tower is on Radio Lane in Charleston near the Cooper River. The station often refers to Charleston by its urban nickname "Chucktown".

## Station history

WWWZ signed on the air May 10, 1974. It was owned by Brothers Broadcasting and offered a Freeform Progressive Rock format. The station broadcast from a mobile home studio off Hwy 61 near Summerville and was referred to as "3WZ". In 1981, WWWZ switched to a "CHUrban" rhythmic contemporary format as "The New Z93".

In summer 1999, Z93 added new hosts to "Big Mack and The All New Breakfuss Club", which finishing second in the morning ratings to WAVF's Howard Stern. Z93 had reached number one on several occasions but usually lost to WEZL. WWWZ was number one with 25-54 listeners in Fall 1999.

In Winter 2002, Z93 was number one overall and Tessa and Baby J stayed at number one in the morning with the 25-54 audience. In Spring 2002, Tessa and Baby J were number one with 18-34 listeners.

32°54′18″N 79°55′19″W / 32.905°N 79.922°W / 32.905; -79.922

## InfoBox

WWWZ
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Broadcast area | Charleston & South Carolina Lowcountry |
| Frequency | 93.3 MHz |
| Branding | *Z93 Jamz!* |
| Programming | |
| Format | Urban contemporary |
| Affiliations | Premiere Networks |
| Ownership | |
| Owner |  |
| Sister stations | WIWF, WMGL, WSSX-FM, WTMA |
| History | |
| First air date | May 10, 1974 |
| Technical information | |
| Facility ID | 61278 |
| Class | C2 |
| ERP | 50,000 watts |
| HAAT | 150 meters (492 ft) |
| Transmitter coordinates | 32°54′18.00″N 79°55′19.00″W / 32.9050000°N 79.9219444°W / 32.9050000; -79.9219444 |
| Links | |
| Webcast | Listen live |
| Website | z93jamz.com |


title: Wald (Allgäu)

abstract: Wald is a municipality in the district of Ostallgäu in Bavaria in Germany. The village Wald is located in the Allgäu region. The municipality of Wald belongs to the administrative community Seeg and is located in the administrative district of Bavarian Swabia. The state-recognized recreational resort Wald includes many surrounding hamlets: Barnstein, Bergers, Birngschwend, Geigers, Gemmels, houses, Herring, Hofen, Holzmanns, Kaltenbrunn, Kaufmanns, Kippach, Klosterhof, Neupolz, Öbele, Ofen, Stechele, Wetzlers, Wies, Wimberg.

text:
# Wald (Allgäu)

**Wald** (German pronunciation: \[valt\] ) is a municipality in the district of Ostallgäu in Bavaria in Germany.

The village Wald is located in the Allgäu region. The municipality of Wald belongs to the administrative community Seeg and is located in the administrative district of Bavarian Swabia.

The state-recognized recreational resort Wald includes many surrounding hamlets: Barnstein, Bergers, Birngschwend, Geigers, Gemmels, houses, Herring, Hofen, Holzmanns, Kaltenbrunn, Kaufmanns, Kippach, Klosterhof, Neupolz, Öbele, Ofen, Stechele, Wetzlers, Wies, Wimberg.

## Sights

* "Wald: History of the coat-of-arms" (in German). *Haus der Bayerischen Geschichte*.
* Wald (Allgäu): Official statistics compiled by the Bavarian State Office of Statistics (LfStat) (PDF; 1,05 MB)

## InfoBox

| Wald | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| General view of Wald | |
|  | |
| Location of Wald (Allgäu) within Ostallgäu district | |
| Wald Wald | |
| Coordinates: 47°43′N 10°33′E / 47.717°N 10.550°E / 47.717; 10.550 | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Bavaria |
| Admin. region | Schwaben |
| District | Ostallgäu |
| Government | |
| Mayor (202026) | Johanna Purschke |
| Area | |
| Total | 17.97 km2 (6.94 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 800 m (2,600 ft) |
| Population (2023-12-31) | |
| Total | 1,173 |
| Density | 65/km2 (170/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal codes | 87616 |
| Dialling codes | 09463 |
| Vehicle registration | OAL |
| Website | www.wald-allgaeu.de |


title: WZPH-LP

abstract: WZPH is a low-power radio station broadcasting an oldies format. Licensed to Dade City, Florida, United States, and serving Zephyrhills and Dade City, Florida, the station is currently owned, operated and hosted by Doc Thayer.

text:
# WZPH-LP

**WZPH** (96.7 FM, "The Zephyr") is a low-power radio station broadcasting an oldies format. Licensed to Dade City, Florida, United States, and serving Zephyrhills and Dade City, Florida, the station is currently owned, operated and hosted by Doc Thayer.

1. "Facility Technical Data for WZPH". *Licensing and Management System*. Federal Communications Commission.

## InfoBox

WZPH
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Broadcast area | Eastern Pasco County, Florida |
| Frequency | 96.7 MHz |
| Branding | *The Zephyr* |
| Programming | |
| Format | Oldies |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | * Doc Thayer * (Pasco County Educational Corporation) |
| History | |
| First air date | March 5, 2005 |
| Former call signs | WRCP-LP (2002–2003) |
| Call sign meaning | **Z**e**PH**yrhills |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 133204 |
| Class | L1 |
| ERP | 100 watts |
| HAAT | 26.0 meters |
| Transmitter coordinates | 28°12′52″N 82°13′34″W / 28.21444°N 82.22611°W / 28.21444; -82.22611 |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Webcast | WZPH-LP Webstream |
| Website | WZPH Online |


title: Waffenbrunn

abstract: Waffenbrunn is a municipality in the district of Cham in Bavaria in Germany.

text:
# Waffenbrunn

**Waffenbrunn** is a municipality in the district of Cham in Bavaria in Germany.

## InfoBox

| Waffenbrunn | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Assumption of the Virgin Mary Church | |
|  | |
| Location of Waffenbrunn within Cham district | |
| Waffenbrunn Waffenbrunn | |
| Coordinates: 49°16′N 12°40′E / 49.267°N 12.667°E / 49.267; 12.667 | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Bavaria |
| Admin. region | Oberpfalz |
| District | Cham |
| Government | |
| Mayor (202026) | Josef Ederer |
| Area | |
| Total | 25.16 km2 (9.71 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 396 m (1,299 ft) |
| Population (2023-12-31) | |
| Total | 2,060 |
| Density | 82/km2 (210/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal codes | 93494 |
| Dialling codes | 0 99 71 |
| Vehicle registration | CHA |
| Website | www.waffenbrunn.de |


title: Walnut Park Farm Historic District

abstract: Walnut Park Farm Historic District, also known as the R.L. McDonald Farm, Country Club Farm, Creek Farm, and Schreiber Farm, is a historic farm and national historic district near St. Joseph, Andrew County, Missouri. The district encompasses four contributing buildings, one contributing site, and one contributing structure on a livestock breeding farm near St. Joseph. It developed between about 1870 and 1914, and includes a brick, 1+1⁄2-story gabled ell residence, an L-form basement barn, a stable, root cellar, and the site of an enclosed track and show ring where the farm's purebred horses were trained and shown to prospective buyers. The brick residence has since been demolished. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.

text:
# Walnut Park Farm Historic District

**Walnut Park Farm Historic District**, also known as the R.L. McDonald Farm, Country Club Farm, Creek Farm, and Schreiber Farm, is a historic farm and national historic district near St. Joseph, Andrew County, Missouri. The district encompasses four contributing buildings, one contributing site, and one contributing structure on a livestock breeding farm near St. Joseph. It developed between about 1870 and 1914, and includes a brick, 1+12-story gabled ell residence (c. 1880), an L-form basement barn (c. 1870), a stable (c. 1890), root cellar (c. 1900), and the site of an enclosed track and show ring where the farm's purebred horses were trained and shown to prospective buyers (c. 1880). The brick residence has since been demolished.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Walnut Park Farm Historic District | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| U.S. Historic district | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Nearest city | Jct. of MO 59 and MO 71, near St. Joseph, Missouri |
| Coordinates | 39°49′56″N 94°48′46″W / 39.83222°N 94.81278°W / 39.83222; -94.81278 |
| Area | 87 acres (35 ha) |
| Architectural style | Gabled ell |
| NRHP reference No. | 99001597 |
| Added to NRHP | December 22, 1999 |


title: Wabamun Formation

abstract: The Wabamun Formation is a stratigraphic unit of Late Devonian (Famennian) age in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin. It takes the name from Wabamun Lake and was first described in the Anglo Canadian Wabamun Lake No. 1 well by Imperial Oil in 1950.

text:
# Wabamun Formation

The **Wabamun Formation** is a stratigraphic unit of Late Devonian (Famennian) age in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin. It takes the name from Wabamun Lake and was first described in the *Anglo Canadian Wabamun Lake No. 1* well (located between the Wabamun Lake and the North Saskatchewan River) by Imperial Oil in 1950.

## Lithology

The Wabamun Formation is composed of dolomitic limestone and calcareous dolomite with anhydrite interbeds. Halite and anhydrite are present at the base of the formation in the Stettler region. It is composed entirely of limestone in north-western Alberta. Secondary pyrite is found at the top of the formation.

## Hydrocarbon potential

The Wabamun Formation had an initial established recoverable oil reserve of 7.2 million m³, with 3.2 million m³ already produced as of 2008. Gas reserves totaled 102.8 million m³, with 53.5 million m³ already produced.

## Distribution

The Wabamun Formation reaches a maximum thickness of 240 metres (790 ft) in the sub-surface of central Alberta. It thins out and wedges towards the east, and thickens towards the Canadian Rockies foothills.

## Relationship to other units

The Wabamun Formation is disconformably overlain by the Exshaw Formation in southern Alberta, by the Blairmore Group in western Alberta and by the Mannville Group in eastern Alberta. It rests conformably on the Graminia Formation siltstone of the Winterburn Group.

In the Calgary area, the formation is divided into a lower and an upper part separated by the porous dolomitic Crossfield Member.

It is equivalent to the Three Forks Formation in Montana, the Palliser Formation in the Canadian Rockies, the sum of the Kotcho Formation and Tetcho Formation in northeastern British Columbia.

## InfoBox

| Wabamun Formation | |
| --- | --- |
| Stratigraphic range: | |
| Type | Geological formation |
| Sub-units | Crossfield Member |
| Underlies | Exshaw Formation, Blairmore Group, Mannville Group |
| Overlies | Graminia Formation (Winterburn Group) |
| Thickness | up to 240 metres (790 ft) |
| Lithology | |
| Primary | Limestone, dolomite |
| Other | Anhydrite |
| Location | |
| Coordinates | 53°23′06″N 114°30′44″W / 53.3851°N 114.5123°W / 53.3851; -114.5123 (Anglo Canadian Wabamun Lake No. 1) |
| Region | Alberta |
| Country | Canada |
| Type section | |
| Named for | Wabamun Lake |
| Named by | Imperial Oil, 1950 |


title: Wall's finiteness obstruction

abstract:
In geometric topology, a field within mathematics, the obstruction to a finitely dominated space X being homotopy-equivalent to a finite CW-complex is its Wall finiteness obstruction w(X) which is an element in the reduced zeroth algebraic K-theory K ~ 0 of the integral group ring Z [ π 1 ]. It is named after the mathematician C. T. C. Wall. By work of John Milnor on finitely dominated spaces, no generality is lost in letting X be a CW-complex. A finite domination of X is a finite CW-complex K together with maps r : K → X and i : X → K such that r ∘ i ≃ 1 X. By a construction due to Milnor it is possible to extend r to a homotopy equivalence r ¯ : K ¯ → X where K ¯ is a CW-complex obtained from K by attaching cells to kill the relative homotopy groups π n. The space K ¯ will be finite if all relative homotopy groups are finitely generated. Wall showed that this will be the case if and only if his finiteness obstruction vanishes. More precisely, using covering space theory and the Hurewicz theorem one can identify π n with H n. Wall then showed that the cellular chain complex C ∗ is chain-homotopy equivalent to a chain complex A ∗ of finite type of projective Z [ π 1 ]
-modules, and that H n ≅ H n will be finitely generated if and only if these modules are stably-free. Stably-free modules vanish in reduced K-theory. This motivates the definition
  - w = ∑ i i [ A i ] ∈ K ~ 0.

text:
# Wall's finiteness obstruction

In geometric topology, a field within mathematics, the obstruction to a finitely dominated space *X* being homotopy-equivalent to a finite CW-complex is its **Wall finiteness obstruction** *w(X)* which is an element in the reduced zeroth algebraic K-theory $\widetilde {K}\_{0}(\mathbb {Z} \[\pi \_{1}(X)\])$ of the integral group ring $\mathbb {Z} \[\pi \_{1}(X)\]$. It is named after the mathematician C. T. C. Wall.

By work of John Milnor on finitely dominated spaces, no generality is lost in letting *X* be a CW-complex. A *finite domination* of *X* is a finite CW-complex *K* together with maps $r:K\to X$ and $i\colon X\to K$ such that $r\circ i\simeq 1\_{X}$. By a construction due to Milnor it is possible to extend *r* to a homotopy equivalence $\bar {r}\colon {\bar {K}\to X}$ where $\bar {K}$ is a CW-complex obtained from *K* by attaching cells to kill the relative homotopy groups $\pi \_{n}(r)$.

The space $\bar {K}$ will be *finite* if all relative homotopy groups are finitely generated. Wall showed that this will be the case if and only if his finiteness obstruction vanishes. More precisely, using covering space theory and the Hurewicz theorem one can identify $\pi \_{n}(r)$ with $H\_{n}({\widetilde {X},{\widetilde {K})}}$. Wall then showed that the cellular chain complex $C\_{\*}({\widetilde {X})}$ is chain-homotopy equivalent to a chain complex $A\_{\*}$ of finite type of projective $\mathbb {Z} \[\pi \_{1}(X)\]$-modules, and that $H\_{n}({\widetilde {X},{\widetilde {K})\cong H\_{n}(A\_{\*})}}$ will be finitely generated if and only if these modules are stably-free. Stably-free modules vanish in reduced K-theory. This motivates the definition

$w(X)=\sum \_{i}(-1)^{i}\[A\_{i}\]\in {\widetilde {K}\_{0}(\mathbb {Z} \[\pi \_{1}(X)\])}$.   1. Milnor, John (1959), "On spaces having the homotopy type of a CW-complex", *Transactions of the American Mathematical Society*, **90** (2): 272–280


title: Wall, Northumberland

abstract: Wall is a village in Northumberland, England situated to the north of Hexham close by the River North Tyne and Hadrian's Wall. The Battle of Heavenfield was fought nearby. The village has one pub and a garage.

text:
# Wall, Northumberland

**Wall** is a village in Northumberland, England situated to the north of Hexham close by the River North Tyne and Hadrian's Wall. The Battle of Heavenfield was fought nearby. The village has one pub and a garage.

## Governance

Wall is in the parliamentary constituency of Hexham.

## Transport

Wall was served by Wall railway station on the Border Counties Railway which linked the Newcastle and Carlisle Railway, near Hexham, with the Border Union Railway at Riccarton Junction. The first section of the route was opened between Hexham and Chollerford in 1858, the remainder opening in 1862. The line was closed to passengers by British Railways in 1956.

The station, and signal box, still stands and is now in use as a private house.

Awdry, Christopher (1990). *Encyclopaedia of British Railway Companies*. Sparkford: Patrick Stephens Ltd. ISBN 1-8526-0049-7. OCLC 19514063. CN 8983.

## InfoBox

| Wall | |
| --- | --- |
| Village Green | |
| WallLocation within Northumberland | |
| Population | 458 (2011) |
| OS grid reference | NY916689 |
| Unitary authority |  |
| Ceremonial county |  |
| Region |  |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | HEXHAM |
| Postcode district | NE46 |
| Dialling code | 01434 |
|  | |
| Police | Northumbria |
| Fire | Northumberland |
| Ambulance | North East |
|  | |
| UK Parliament |  |
|


title: Walkers Point, Queensland

abstract: Walkers Point is a rural locality in the Fraser Coast Region, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, Walkers Point had a population of 75 people.

text:
# Walkers Point, Queensland

**Walkers Point** is a rural locality in the Fraser Coast Region, Queensland, Australia. In the 2021 census, Walkers Point had a population of 75 people.

## Geography

The *Mary River* forms the western, northern, and most of the eastern boundaries.

## Demographics

In the 2016 census, Walkers Point had a population of 98 people.

In the 2021 census, Walkers Point had a population of 75 people.

## InfoBox

| Walkers Point
Queensland | |
| --- | --- |
| Walkers Point | |
| Coordinates | 25°29′44″S 152°44′34″E / 25.4955°S 152.7427°E / -25.4955; 152.7427 |
| Population | 75 (2021 census) |
| • Density | 5.28/km2 (13.68/sq mi) |
| Postcode(s) | 4650 |
| Area | 14.2 km2 (5.5 sq mi) |
| Time zone | AEST (UTC+10:00) |
| LGA(s) | Fraser Coast Region |
| State electorate(s) | Maryborough |
| Federal division(s) | Wide Bay |
| **Suburbs around Walkers Point:**  St Helens
Island Plantation Dundathu
Island Plantation Prawle  Maryborough Walkers Point Beaver Rock  Granville Boonooroo Plains Boonooroo Plains | |


title: Walkerston State Butcher's Shop

abstract: Walkerston State Butcher's Shop is a heritage-listed former butcher shop at 13 Dutton Street, Walkerston, Mackay Region, Queensland, Australia. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 3 December 2007.

text:
# Walkerston State Butcher's Shop

**Walkerston State Butcher's Shop** is a heritage-listed former butcher shop at 13 Dutton Street, Walkerston, Mackay Region, Queensland, Australia. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 3 December 2007.

## History

The small timber former State Butcher's shop, built in 1922 in Walkerston, just west of Mackay, stands on the north side of Dutton Street, and is one of the last of the old shops remaining in the town.

The City of Mackay is named for John Mackay, who entered the valley of the Pioneer River in 1860 and established a pastoral run there the following year. In 1862 a settlement was begun on the south bank of the river and by 1863, Mackay had been surveyed and the first lots of land sold. It was gazetted as a port of entry and a customs house was opened. The town prospered as a port and as a commercial and administrative centre, drawing business from nearby pastoral holdings and the sugar plantations being developed along the river. The 1880s saw an expansion in population as the Queensland economy enjoyed a boom and people poured into the colony. The sugar industry was also booming and Mackay continued to develop as an important regional centre.

Walkerston started in the 1860s as a staging centre for teamsters between Mackay and Nebo, and most of the land around Walkerston was selected in the 1860s. F.H. Wilson set up a boiling-down works in 1867, and a number of buildings were present by the time Walkerston received a Post Office in 1876. In this year Walkerston had a population of 200, compared to Mackay's 2000. A brickyard was also established around this time, and a Provisional School was opened in 1874. Walkerston had two names until 1881: "Alsatia" applied to the area east of Bold Street; and "Walkerston" applied to the area west of Bold Street.

The development of Walkerston was aided by the Pioneer Valley railway line, which reached Mirani in 1885. The presence of seven sugar mills nearby (Alexandra, Pleystowe, Cassada, Branscombe, Lorne, Palms, and Palmyra), built between 1868-1883, also boosted Walkerston's economy during the 1880s.

Three State butcher shops were opened in Mackay during 1922, and Walkerston received its own State butcher shop in the same year. In 1915 T. J. Ryan's Labor government won office in wartime Queensland on the strength of promises to improve living standards - principally by addressing the problems of high commodity prices, price-fixing and the emergence of monopolies. The Labor party in general and Ryan and his Treasurer, Ted Theodore, in particular, advocated public ownership of key economic activities, in competition with private enterprise, but at fair prices. They argued that by operating at a reduced profit margin the cost of goods and services provided by State-run enterprises would be reduced, and that the flow-on effect would be to reduce and stabilise prices for similar goods and services provided by the private sector.

In the period 1915-1925 the Queensland Government instituted or acquired a diversity of business enterprises, including a State Insurance Office, a Public Curator's Office, the Golden Casket State Lottery, sawmills and joinery works, mining and fishing ventures (including a string of State Fish Shops), a hotel, a sugar mill, cold stores, plant nurseries, cattle stations and a network of butcher's shops, the process being formalised with the passing of the State Enterprises Act of 1918. These activities were part of a broader, pragmatic Labor platform, which advocated State intervention in the private sector to protect individuals against capitalist exploitation, not as a means of involving workers in the control of production, or of raising wage levels. Labor politicians regarded State enterprise as "State capitalism" rather than "State socialism".

In 1915 cattle-raising was one of the principal economic activities of Queensland. Believing that all Queenslanders should have access to meat at fair prices, and needing to maintain a regular supply of cheap meat to the Allied fighting forces, the Ryan government introduced a State-wide system of State-owned butcher's shops which proved to be among the more successful of the numerous State enterprises. The first State butcher's shop was opened in Roma Street, Brisbane, on 12 November 1915, and soon other shops were established in Brisbane suburbs and in regional centres such as Rockhampton, Gympie, Townsville, Charters Towers, and Mount Morgan, following the railway lines via which frozen meat was distributed to the State butcheries.

From 1915 to 1929, 90 State butcher's shops operated in Queensland for various periods, mostly in leased or purchased premises. In fairness to established butcheries, when the State intended to open a butcher's shop in a town or suburb, inspections were made of existing butcheries, to assess the possibility of State acquisition. The peak number of shops operating at any one time was 72, in 1922-23.

Only seven purpose-built butcher's shops appear to have been constructed in Queensland, each built to an individual design. The first purpose-built State butchery was included within the brick Central State Fish Market, South Brisbane (1917–18). Another purpose-built State butchery, also made of brick, was opened in Roma (Roma State Butcher's Shop) in September 1919 after an expenditure of just over £4,000. The Booval State Butchery, built of timber, opened in July 1920, after expenditure of £600; and the Ayr State Butchery opened in July 1921. The latter was constructed of brick and wood, with a cost of just over £2,000. The design included a shop, breaking down room, cold store, engine room, change room, store, fuel shed and a condenser house.

The remaining three purpose-built State butcheries opened in 1922. The Mackay State Butchery, built of timber and fibre-cement, opened in May 1922, with a construction cost of just over £2,600. The Mackay (South Side) State Butchery in George Street was also built of timber and fibre cement, and opened during August 1922, with a construction cost of £327. The timber Walkerston State Butchery opened during November 1922, with a construction cost of about £536.

Cold stores and additions were erected at various butcher's shops, but no other purpose-designed shop was constructed. Initially the State butcher's shops were supplied with frozen meat from meatworks companies, but from 1921 they purchased their own stock, which they killed at their own slaughter-yards, ensuring that the State butcher's shops were supplied always with fresh meat at very competitive prices.

Despite benefits such as the provision of employment, assistance to small farmers and small business, and the provision of cheaper meat to thousands, the State Enterprises scheme as a whole proved an economic failure. Some State enterprises had been purchased at an inflated price; others were located in unsuitable areas or were badly managed; others suffered the effects of economic recession, or of the mid-1920s drought. Following the passing of the Profiteering Prevention Act of 1920, other mechanisms were in place for controlling prices. By 1926, Labor premier William McCormack had declared publicly his intention of disposing of unprofitable State Enterprises, although little action was taken at the time. Some of the State butcher shops were disposed of in the period 1926-1928, and when Labor was defeated at the 1929 election, the in-coming Country/Progressive/Nationalist coalition government disposed of most of the remaining State Enterprises, including the 39 remaining State butcher's shops, which ceased trading as of 30 June 1929.

In their 14 years of operation, the State butcher's shops sold over £5 million worth of meat and had made an overall profit to the Treasury of £185,000, but when interest and other charges were factored in, they lost about £6,000. However, this pales by comparison with the combined £2 million loss sustained by the State stations and the State-acquired Chillagoe railway, mines and smelter.

The Walkerston State Butcher shop was built on land previously owned by Annie and William Barwise (publicans at the nearby Duke of Edinburgh Hotel). Title for 19.87 perches of this land was registered to The Commissioner for Trade on 6 November 1922 (the Memorandum of Conveyance had been produced on 3 August 1922). On 12 September 1922 a letter from the Commissioner of the Queensland State Trade Office, W.H. Austin, to the Under Secretary and Director of Public Works, had requested further work on the State Butchery at Walkerston ('now nearing completion'), through the District Foreman of Works at Rockhampton. The works requested were: a paling fence on the front alignment, with post and wire fencing on other three sides; a stable building of timber with an iron roof, containing two stalls with slip rails in front, a feed room (with wooden floor and door), and open space for one cart; and a hardwood cover for the well. An ice chest was also supplied by the Department of Public Works by 4 December 1922.

Title for the land was transferred to Albert A. Cook, John H. Baker, and Kenneth W. Baker in February 1925, and was then transferred to Albert A. Cook and John H. Baker in May 1928. Although the local history "Sugar from the Scrub" claims that the shop was not used as a butcher 's shop after 1928, its subsequent owners were butchers, and it may have continued trading as such.

During its more recent history the Walkerston shop has been used as a pizza shop, and later sold dance supplies. A skillion section clad in fibre cement sheeting has been added to the rear of the shop at some stage, resulting in the boarding over of a rear sash window. A carport is attached to the rear skillion addition, and a more recent carport structure has also been added to the west side of the shop, connecting with the neighbouring modern building. In 2016, the building is used as the Walkerston branch of Grays Chiropractic.

No equipment related to butchery remains in the shop, although a large fig tree to the rear of the property, near High Street, has metal railings embedded in its branches, possibly used for butchering carcasses. There are also two small concrete vats sitting at the northwest rear corner of the property, purpose unknown.

## Description

The former Walkerston State Butcher shop is a small timber building on the north side of Dutton Street, and its street awning, supported by timber posts, projects over the footpath. The front section of the original building has exposed timber framing, whereas the rear section is clad in weatherboards. A later rear extension is clad in both fibre cement sheeting and corrugated iron.

The front facade of the shop has a central doorway, with a large timber-framed four-panel window to the right of the door. The western side of the shop also has a timber double-door entrance. A metal window hood is located above the sash window at the end of the western wing of the rear section of the shop.

The original shop has a T shape, with the head of the T to the rear. The corrugated iron gabled roof thus has wider eaves towards the front of the building than it does to the rear. The gables have been vented at each apex by wedging the weatherboarding slightly open. The skillion roofed street awning has a timber valance, and the rear extension also has a skillion roof. An open skillion carport extends further to the rear behind the enclosed addition.

Internally, the shop has an open area to the front, measuring about 4.8 metres (16 ft) square, with a mansard-profile timber ceiling. Between the top of the side walls and the ceiling, sheets of perforated material have been set between the timber framing to provide ventilation. A doorway at the rear of this space leads into a kitchen, with modern fittings, which occupies the eastern rear wing of the building. A doorway to the left leads from the kitchen into the western rear wing, now used as a small storeroom. Both wings have sash windows that have been sealed. The west wing also has a rear-facing sash window that has been sealed after the addition of the rear extension. Both wings have mansard- profile timber ceilings.

A doorway from the kitchen leads into the rear skillion addition. The rear addition appears to have had a serving window that has been sealed, facing the rear yard, to the west of the carport. The interior of the kitchen and the rear addition are clad in plasterboard sheeting, but the remainder of the interior of the shop has vertical timber boarding. To the northeast of the rear of the shop is a raised concrete slab, which may cover an old well. Further to the rear of the shop is a large fig tree, which has two ingrown steel rails on its northern side, one vertical and set in the ground, the other set at a diagonal down into the tree. Two small rectangular open-top concrete vats stand in the northwest corner of the allotment.

A recent flat-roofed carport structure connects the front of the western side of the shop to the neighbouring building, and is not historically significant.

## Heritage listing

The former Walkerston State Butcher's Shop was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 3 December 2007 having satisfied the following criteria.

**The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history.**

The former State Butcher's Shop at Walkerston, erected in 1922, is a result of the political and economic experiment embodied by the State Enterprises Act of 1918. Between 1915 and 1925 successive Queensland Labor governments established various State enterprises, with the network of State butcher's shops being among the more successful of these experiments. The highly co-coordinated, statewide system of State butcheries provided cheaper meat to thousands of Queensland families between 1915 and 1929.

**The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland's cultural heritage.**

The timber Walkerston shop was one of only seven purpose-designed State butcher's shops constructed 1917-1922 - most of the State butcher's shops operated from leased or purchased premises. The only other known surviving State butcher, at Roma, is a larger, brick building.

**The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.**

The place is important in illustrating the principal characteristics of a modest example of a purpose-designed State butcher's shop of its era. The large front window, the street awning, and ventilation at the top of the walls also reflect the design of butcher shops of the period. The large roof overhang above the front section also appears to be an attempt to reduce the temperature within the shop.

**The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.**

As one of the last of the old shops in Walkerston, it makes an important contribution to the built character of the town.

### Attribution

This Wikipedia article was originally based on *"The Queensland heritage register"* published by the State of Queensland under CC-BY 3.0 AU licence (accessed on 7 July 2014, archived on 8 October 2014). The geo-coordinates were originally computed from the *"Queensland heritage register boundaries"* published by the State of Queensland under CC-BY 3.0 AU licence (accessed on 5 September 2014, archived on 15 October 2014).

Media related to Walkerston State Butcher's Shop at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Walkerston State Butcher's Shop | |
| --- | --- |
| Walkerston State Butcher's Shop, 2009 | |
| Location | 13 Dutton Street, Walkerston, Mackay Region, Queensland, Australia |
| Coordinates | 21°09′38″S 149°04′00″E / 21.1605°S 149.0666°E / -21.1605; 149.0666 |
|  | |
| Queensland Heritage Register | |
| Official name | Walkerston State Butcher's Shop (former) |
| Type | state heritage (built) |
| Designated | 3 December 2007 |
| Reference no. | 602659 |
| Significant period | 1920s |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location of Walkerston State Butcher's Shop in QueenslandWalkerston State Butcher's Shop (Australia) | |


abstract: Walkers Creek is a 4.78 mi (7.69 km) long 2nd order tributary to the Uwharrie River, in Randolph County, North Carolina.

text:
# Walkers Creek (Uwharrie River tributary)

**Walkers Creek** is a 4.78 mi (7.69 km) long 2nd order tributary to the Uwharrie River, in Randolph County, North Carolina.

## Course

Walkers Creek rises in a pond on the Barnes Creek and Poison Fork divide about 5 miles northwest of Abner, North Carolina in Randolph County, North Carolina. Walkers Creek flows north then curves southwest to meet the Uwharrie River about 4 miles east of Pinson.

## Watershed

Walkers Creek drains 4.17 square miles (10.8 km2) of area, receives about 47.3 in/year of precipitation, has a topographic wetness index of 338.54 and is about 77% forested.

## InfoBox

| Walkers Creek
Tributary to Uwharrie River | |
| --- | --- |
| Location of Walkers Creek mouthWalkers Creek (Uwharrie River tributary) (the United States) | |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| State | North Carolina |
| County | Randolph |
| Physical characteristics | |
|  | |
| Source | pond on Barnes Creek and Poison Fork divide |
| location | about 5 miles northwest of Abner, North Carolina |
| coordinates | 35°32′12″N 079°56′06″W / 35.53667°N 79.93500°W / 35.53667; -79.93500 |
| elevation | 780 ft (240 m) |
|  | |
| Mouth | Uwharrie River |
| location | about 4 miles east of Pinson, North Carolina |
| coordinates | 35°31′37″N 079°59′01″W / 35.52694°N 79.98361°W / 35.52694; -79.98361 |
| elevation | 354 ft (108 m) |
| Length | 4.78 mi (7.69 km) |
| Basin size | 4.17 square miles (10.8 km2) |
|  | |
| Discharge |  |
| location | Uwharrie River |
| average | 5.06 cu ft/s (0.143 m3/s) at mouth with Uwharrie River |
|  | |
| Basin features | |
| Progression | Uwharrie RiverPee Dee RiverWinyah BayAtlantic Ocean |
| River system | Pee Dee |
| Tributaries |  |
| left | unnamed tributaries |
| right | unnamed tributaries |
| Bridges | Pisgah Covered Bridge Road, Lassister Mill Road |