title: Pteris vittata

abstract: Pteris vittata, the Chinese brake, Chinese ladder brake, or simply ladder brake, is a fern species in the Pteridoideae subfamily of the Pteridaceae. It is indigenous to Asia, southern Europe, tropical Africa, and Australia. The type specimen was collected in China by Pehr Osbeck.

text:
# Pteris vittata

***Pteris vittata***, the **Chinese brake**, **Chinese ladder brake**, or simply **ladder brake**, is a fern species in the Pteridoideae subfamily of the Pteridaceae. It is indigenous to Asia, southern Europe, tropical Africa, and Australia. The type specimen was collected in China by Pehr Osbeck.

## Habitat and distribution

*Pteris vittata* is native and widespread in the paleotropics: found from the east, to the south tropical, and southern Africa (in Angola; Kenya; Lesotho; Malawi; Mozambique; Namibia; Tanzania (including the Zanzibar Archipelago); Cape Province, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, and Transvaal in South Africa; Eswatini; Uganda; Zambia; and Zimbabwe); temperate and tropical Asia (in the provinces of Anhui, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Xizang, and Yunnan in China; the prefectures of Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku, and the Ryukyu Islands of Japan; and Thailand); and Australia, in the states of New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria, and Western Australia.

*Pteris vittata* is often associated with limestone habitats. It may be seen growing on concrete structures and cracks, in buildings in the central business district and suburbs of Sydney. It is an introduced species in California, Texas, and the Southeastern United States.

A remnant population exists in the Italian peninsula, in Sicily, Calabria and Campania.

## Uses

Although it grows readily in the wild, *Pteris vittata* is sometimes cultivated. It is grown in gardens for its attractive appearance, or used in pollution control schemes: it is known to be a hyperaccumulator plant of arsenic used in phytoremediation.

## Suggested reading

* Cong Tu and Lena Q. Ma; *Effects of Arsenic Concentrations and Forms on Arsenic Uptake by the Hyperaccumulator Ladder Brake*, Journal of Environmental Quality doi:10.2134/jeq2002.6410 Vol. 31 No. 2, p. 641-647 (résumé)

## InfoBox

| *Pteris vittata* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| Division: | Polypodiophyta |
| Class: | Polypodiopsida |
| Order: | Polypodiales |
| Family: | Pteridaceae |
| Genus: | *Pteris* |
| Species: | ***P. vittata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pteris vittata***
L. | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Pteris costata* Bory * *P. diversifolia* Sw. * *P. ensifolia* Poir. * *P. inaequilateralis* Poir. * *P. longifolia* Wall. * *P. microdonata* Gaudin * *P. vittata **fo.** cristata* Ching in Ching & S.H.Wu * *Pycnodoria vittata* (L.) Small | |


title: Pseudochaenichthys

abstract: Pseudochaenichthys is a monotypic genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Channichthyidae, the crocodile icefishes. Its only member is Pseudochaenichthys georgianus, the South Georgia icefish, which is found in the Southern Ocean.

text:
# Pseudochaenichthys

***Pseudochaenichthys*** is a monotypic genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Channichthyidae, the crocodile icefishes. Its only member is ***Pseudochaenichthys georgianus***, the **South Georgia icefish**, which is found in the Southern Ocean.

## Taxonomy

*Pseudochaenichthys* was first described as a genus in 1937 by the English ichthyologist John Roxborough Norman when he was describing its only species *Pseudochaenichthys georgianus*. The type locality of *P. georgianus* is South Georgia Island. The genus name is a compound of *pseudo* which means "false" and *Chaenichthys*, an alternative spelling for *Channichthys*, probably an allusion to its similarity of fishes in that genus. The specific name *georgianus* means that it belongs to (South) Georgia.

## Description

*Pseudochaenichthys*, the South Georgia icefish, is a dark greyish-green species with blackish first dorsal and pelvic fins. The pelvic fins have white outer borders. The dorsal fin has 7 to 9 spines and 28 to 32 soft rays while the anal fin has 27 to 31 soft rays. There is a forward curving spine on the snout, a projecting lower jaw and there are 4 to 5 spines on the operculum. There are 3 lateral lines which do not have any bony plates on them. It has wide, fan shaped pelvic fins , the first and second dorsal fins are clearly separated and the caudal fin is rounded. This species grows to a total length of 60 centimetres (24 in) although a more typical total length is 50 cm (20 in). It is thought to attain sexual maturity at 42.5 cm (16.7 in). The maximum published weight of this species is 2.1 kg (4.6 lb).

## Distribution and habitat

*Pseudochaenichthys georgianus* is known only from the waters off the northern Antarctic Peninsula and the Scotia Sea. It is a demersal species which occurs from surface waters to a depth of 475 metres (1,558 ft).

## Biology

*Pseudochaenichthys georgianus* adults feed mainly on krill, especially Antarctic krill (*Euphasia superba*) and fishes, mainly channichthyids and nototheniids) . This species is a synchronous spawner and spawning takes place in autumn, with the eggs hatching from August to October.

## Fisheries

*Pseudochaenichthys georgianus* is of minor importance to commercial fisheries, being a regular bycatch species in trawls.

## InfoBox

| *Pseudochaenichthys* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Source: http://www.fishbase.org | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Perciformes |
| Family: | Channichthyidae |
| Genus: | *Pseudochaenichthys*
Norman, 1937 |
| Species: | ***P. georgianus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pseudochaenichthys georgianus***
Norman, 1937 | |
|


title: Pterophylla fraxinea

abstract: Pterophylla fraxinea, formerly known as Weinmannia fraxinea, is a tree in the family Cunoniaceae. It grows up to 40 metres (130 ft) tall. The bark is grey to dark brown. Inflorescences bear up to three pairs of flowers. The specific epithet fraxinea is from the Latin meaning 'ash tree', referring to the leaves' resemblance to those of the genus Fraxinus. The tree grows in a wide variety of habitats from sea level to 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) elevation. P. fraxinea is found widely in Malesia. In Malaysia's Sarawak state the leaves are used to make a dye.

text:
# Pterophylla fraxinea

***Pterophylla fraxinea***, formerly known as *Weinmannia fraxinea*, is a tree in the family Cunoniaceae. It grows up to 40 metres (130 ft) tall. The bark is grey to dark brown. Inflorescences bear up to three pairs of flowers. The specific epithet **fraxinea** is from the Latin meaning 'ash tree', referring to the leaves' resemblance to those of the genus *Fraxinus*.

The tree grows in a wide variety of habitats from sea level to 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) elevation. *P. fraxinea* is found widely in Malesia. In Malaysia's Sarawak state the leaves are used to make a dye.

## Range and habitat

*Pterophylla fraxinea* ranges from Peninsular Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia through Sumatra, Borneo, Java, Maluku, and the Lesser Sunda Islands to New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. It is absent from Sulawesi and the Philippines.

It typically grows at medium to high elevations in the western (Malesian) portion of its range, and is more frequent at lower elevations in New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. It grows from (450–)1000–2065 metres elevation in Peninsular Malaysia and Thailand, 500–2700 m in Sumatra, 600–2400 m in Java, (0-)500–1970 m in Borneo, 500–1500+ m in the Lesser Sunda Islands, 10–1450(–2250) m in New Guinea, and 10–620 m in the Solomons.

In western Malesia it is a locally-common small tree in primary and secondary hill forests above about 500 metres elevation, often on ridges and slopes below ridge tops. It is commonly found with trees of family Casuarinaceae. It also grows in montane forests at higher elevations, including mossy heath forest and montane rain forest, and in dwarf subalpine forest and shrubland and low alpine shrubland. In Borneo it also grows in low- to mid-elevation heath forest on sandy nutrient-poor soils, including *Agathis*-dominated forest, and in peat swamp forest near sea level.

## InfoBox

| *Pterophylla fraxinea* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Oxalidales |
| Family: | Cunoniaceae |
| Genus: | *Pterophylla* |
| Species: | ***P. fraxinea*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pterophylla fraxinea***
D.Don | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| Synonymy * *Arnoldia fraxinifolia* Blume * *Arnoldia heterophylla* Blume * *Arnoldia pinnata* Blume * *Spiraea pinnata* Blume * *Weinmannia alta* Engl. * *Weinmannia arnoldia* A.Gray * *Weinmannia blumei* Planch. * *Weinmannia borneensis* Engl. * *Weinmannia dictyoneura* Schltr. * *Weinmannia dulitensis* Airy Shaw * *Weinmannia fraxinea* (D.Don) * *Windmannia fraxinea* (D.Don) Kuntze * *Weinmannia fraxinifolia* (Blume) Miq. * *Weinmannia horsfieldii* Miq. * *Weinmannia hypoglauca* Kaneh. * *Weinmannia ledermannii* Schltr. * *Weinmannia papuana* Schltr. * *Weinmannia sundana* Miq. * *Weinmannia tomentella* Schltr. * *Windmannia blumei* (Planch.) Kuntze * *Windmannia horsfieldii* (Miq.) Kuntze * *Windmannia sundana* (Miq.) Kuntze | |


title: Pterophylla exigua

abstract: Pterophylla exigua, formerly known as Weinmannia exigua, is a species of plant in the family Cunoniaceae. It is endemic to Fiji. This scarce shrub or small tree is known from a single population of 30 to 40 individual plants in Cakaudrove Province on Vanua Levu. It grows in forest or thicket at low elevations. Its known habitat is in at high risk of fires.

text:
# Pterophylla exigua

***Pterophylla exigua***, formerly known as *Weinmannia exigua*, is a species of plant in the family Cunoniaceae. It is endemic to Fiji. This scarce shrub or small tree is known from a single population of 30 to 40 individual plants in Cakaudrove Province on Vanua Levu. It grows in forest or thicket at low elevations. Its known habitat is in at high risk of fires.

## InfoBox

| *Pterophylla exigua* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Critically Endangered  (IUCN 2.3) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Oxalidales |
| Family: | Cunoniaceae |
| Genus: | *Pterophylla* |
| Species: | ***P. exigua*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pterophylla exigua***
(A.C.Sm.) Pillon & H.C.Hopkins | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Weinmannia exigua* A.C.Sm. | |


title: Pseudochromis fridmani

abstract: Pseudochromis fridmani is a species of fish in the family Pseudochromidae, the dottybacks. Its common name is orchid dottyback. It is endemic to the Red Sea. This fish is up to 6.3 centimeters long. It lives in tropical marine waters up to 60 meters deep near reefs. It shelters in holes and under overhangs. This species has been bred in captivity and is of some commercial importance as an aquarium pet. The specific name honours David Fridman of the Maritime Museum in Eilat in Israel who collected the type specimen.

text:
# Pseudochromis fridmani

***Pseudochromis fridmani*** is a species of fish in the family Pseudochromidae, the dottybacks. Its common name is **orchid dottyback**. It is endemic to the Red Sea.

This fish is up to 6.3 centimeters long. It lives in tropical marine waters up to 60 meters deep near reefs. It shelters in holes and under overhangs.

This species has been bred in captivity and is of some commercial importance as an aquarium pet. The specific name honours David Fridman of the Maritime Museum in Eilat in Israel who collected the type specimen.

## InfoBox

| *Pseudochromis fridmani* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Family: | Pseudochromidae |
| Genus: | *Pseudochromis* |
| Species: | ***P. fridmani*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pseudochromis fridmani***<br>Klausewitz, 1968 | |
|


title: Pseudochromis fowleri

abstract: Pseudochromis fowleri, the Philippines dottyback, is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Pseudochromidae. It is found in the central-western Pacific Ocean.

text:
# Pseudochromis fowleri

***Pseudochromis fowleri***, the **Philippines dottyback**, is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Pseudochromidae. It is found in the central-western Pacific Ocean.

## Description

This species reaches a standard length of 5.3 cm (2.1 in).

## InfoBox

| *Pseudochromis fowleri* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Family: | Pseudochromidae |
| Genus: | *Pseudochromis* |
| Species: | ***P. fowleri*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pseudochromis fowleri***<br>Herre, 1934 | |
|


title: Puerto Rico Highway 26

abstract: Puerto Rico Highway 26 (PR-26), called the Román Baldorioty de Castro Expressway, is the main highway to the Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport and is connected to PR-66. It was converted to a freeway to minimize the traffic in PR-3 and PR-17, to grant better access to the Airport. Several exits exist to provide access to PR-187, PR-37 and PR-22. PR-26 is 15.1 km (9.4 mi) long.

text:
# Puerto Rico Highway 26

**Puerto Rico Highway 26** (**PR-26**), called the *Román Baldorioty de Castro Expressway*, is the main highway to the Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport and is connected to PR-66. It was converted to a freeway to minimize the traffic in PR-3 and PR-17, to grant better access to the Airport. Several exits exist to provide access to PR-187 (the main route to the Piñones area), PR-37 (Isla Verde) and PR-22 (José de Diego). PR-26 is 15.1 km (9.4 mi) long.

## Exit list

| Municipality | Location | km | mi | Exit | Destinations | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| San Juan | Santurce | 0.0 | 0.0 |  |
PR-1 north (Avenida Luis Muñoz Rivera) San Juan | Western terminus of PR-26 |
| | | 0.3 | 0.19 |  | PR-Marginal Román Baldorioty de Castro Santurce | Eastbound exit only; one-way street |
| | | 1.4–
1.5 | 0.87–
0.93 | 1 |
PR-2 west (Avenida Roberto H. Todd) Condado, Parada 18 | Eastbound exit signed as 1A |
| | | 1.7–
1.8 | 1.1–
1.1 | 1B | PR-Calle Canals Condado, Parada 19 | Eastbound exit only; one-way street |
| | | 2.0–
2.1 | 1.2–
1.3 | 2A |
PR-22 west (Autopista José de Diego) Bayamón, Arecibo, Mayagüez

To PR-18 (Expreso Las Américas) Río Piedras, Caguas, Ponce
 | Túnel Minillas |
| | | 2.3–
2.4 | 1.4–
1.5 | 2B | PR-37 (Avenida José de Diego) / PR-Calle del Parque / PR-Calle San Jorge Condado, Centro Minillas |  |
| | | 3.0–
4.1 | 1.9–
2.5 | 4 | PR-Calle Degetau / PR-Calle Providencia / PR-Calle Tapia Ocean Park | Westbound exit signed as 4A |
| | | 4.6 | 2.9 | 4B |
To PR-37 (Calle Loíza) / PR-Calle Providencia Villa Palmeras | Westbound exit only |
| Carolina | Cangrejo Arriba | 5.4 | 3.4 | 5 |
To PR-37 Isla Verde, Punta Las Marías | Westbound exit only |
| | | 5.5–
6.5 | 3.4–
4.0 | 6 |
To PR-37 / PR-Marginal Villamar Isla Verde |  |
| | | 7.3 | 4.5 | 7 |
PR-187 east (Avenida Los Gobernadores) Isla Verde, Loíza, Piñones |  |
| | | 7.7 | 4.8 | 8A |
PR-17 west (Puente Teodoro Moscoso) Río Piedras, Trujillo Alto | Toll bridge |
| | | 8B | PR-Avenida Salvador V. Caro Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport |  |
| | | 9.1 | 5.7 | 9 | PR-Avenida Los Ángeles Carolina | Eastbound exit signed as 9A |
| | | 9.5 | 5.9 | 9B | PR-Marginal Los Ángeles Carolina | Eastbound exit only |
| | | 11.1–
11.2 | 6.9–
7.0 | 11 | PR-190 / PR-Avenida Iturregui Base Muñiz, Vistamar | Eastbound exit and westbound entrance |
| | Sabana Abajo | 12.5 | 7.8 | 12 | PR-Avenida Roberto Sánchez Vilella Carolina, Country Club | Eastbound exits are signed as 12A (west) and 12B (east) |
| | 13.6 | 8.5 | 13 |
To PR-190 / PR-Avenida Paseo de los Gigantes Carolina | Eastbound exits are signed as 13A (west) and 13B (east) |
| | 14.8–
14.9 | 9.2–
9.3 | 14 | PR-Avenida Jesús M. Fragoso Carolina | Eastbound exit and entrance |
| | San Antón | 15.1 | 9.4 | 15A |
PR-3 west (Avenida 65 de Infantería) Río Piedras, Caguas | Eastern terminus of PR-26 |
| | | 15B |
PR-3 east (Avenida 65 de Infantería) Carolina

PR-66 east (Autopista Roberto Sánchez Vilella) / PR-887 Canóvanas, Fajardo, Trujillo Alto, Saint Just | |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
 | | | | | | |

1. "PR-26" (Map). *Google Maps*. Retrieved 28 February 2020.
2. National Geographic Maps (2011). *Puerto Rico* (Map). 1:125,000. Adventure Map (Book 3107). Evergreen, Colorado: National Geographic Maps. ISBN 978-1566955188. OCLC 756511572.
3. "Mensaje del gobernador del Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico honorable Rafael Hernández Colón en la inauguración del primer elevado de la avenida Baldorioty de Castro" (PDF). *Rafael Hernández Colón* (in Spanish). 1992. Retrieved 21 February 2020.
4. "Mensaje del gobernador del Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico honorable Rafael Hernández Colón en la inauguración del segundo puente elevado en la avenida Baldorioty de Castro" (PDF). *Rafael Hernández Colón* (in Spanish). 1992. Retrieved 21 February 2020.
5. "Tránsito Promedio Diario (AADT)". *Transit Data (Datos de Transito)* (in Spanish). DTOP PR. p. 41. Archived from the original on 1 April 2019.
6. *Guía de Carreteras Principales, Expresos y Autopistas.* Departamento de Transportación y Obras Publicas de Puerto Rico. Accessed 20 February 2020.

## InfoBox

| Highway 26 | |
| --- | --- |
| *Ruta 26* | |
| *Expreso Román Baldorioty de Castro* | |
| Route information | |
| Maintained by Puerto Rico DTPW | |
| Length | 15.1 km (9.4 mi) |
| Existed | 1982 and completed in 1999–present |
| Major junctions | |
| West end | PR-1 / PR-16 in Santurce |
| Major intersections |  |
| East end | PR-3 / PR-66 in San Antón |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| Territory | Puerto Rico |
| Municipalities | San Juan, Carolina |
|  | |
| Highway system | |
|  | |
| PR-25   PR-27 | |


title: Pseudotolida tokyoensis

abstract: Pseudotolida tokyoensis is a beetle in the genus Pseudotolida of the family Mordellidae. It was described in 1959 by Nomura & Kato.

text:
# Pseudotolida tokyoensis

***Pseudotolida tokyoensis*** is a beetle in the genus *Pseudotolida* of the family Mordellidae. It was described in 1959 by Nomura & Kato.

## InfoBox

| *Pseudotolida tokyoensis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Mordellidae |
| Genus: | *Pseudotolida* |
| Species: | ***P. tokyoensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pseudotolida tokyoensis***<br>Nomura & Kato, 1959 | |
|


title: Ptaszków

abstract: Ptaszków is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kamienna Góra, within Kamienna Góra County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.

text:
# Ptaszków

**Ptaszków** \[ˈptaʂkuf\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kamienna Góra, within Kamienna Góra County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.

## InfoBox

| Ptaszków | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Houses from the distance | |
| Ptaszków | |
| Coordinates: 50°47′45″N 16°02′38″E / 50.79583°N 16.04389°E / 50.79583; 16.04389 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Lower Silesian |
| County | Kamienna Góra |
| Gmina | Kamienna Góra |


title: Punad Dam

abstract: Punad Dam is an earthfill dam on Punand river for irrigation near Nashik, Maharashtra, India.

text:
# Punad Dam

**Punad Dam** is an earthfill dam on Punand river for irrigation near Nashik, Maharashtra, India.

## Specifications

The height of the dam above lowest foundation is 29.62 m (97.2 ft) while the length is 1,820 m (5,970 ft). The volume content is 123 km3 (30 cu mi) and gross storage capacity is 19,080.00 km3 (4,577.54 cu mi).

## InfoBox

| Punad Dam | |
| --- | --- |
| Location of Punad Dam in Maharashtra | |
| Official name | Punad Dam D03013 |
| Location | Nashik |
| Coordinates | 20°36′55″N 73°56′49″E / 20.6153124°N 73.947022°E / 20.6153124; 73.947022 |
| Owner(s) | Government of Maharashtra, India |
| Dam and spillways | |
| Type of dam | Earthfill |
| Impounds | Punand river |
| Height | 29.62 m (97.2 ft) |
| Length | 1,820 m (5,970 ft) |
| Dam volume | 123 km3 (30 cu mi) |
| Reservoir | |
| Total capacity | 17,290 km3 (4,150 cu mi) |
| Surface area | 2,202 km2 (850 sq mi) |


title: Pseudozonitis vaurieae

abstract: Pseudozonitis vaurieae is a species of blister beetle in the family Meloidae. It is found in Central America and North America.

text:
# Pseudozonitis vaurieae

***Pseudozonitis vaurieae*** is a species of blister beetle in the family Meloidae. It is found in Central America and North America.

## Further reading

* Lobl, I.; Smetana, A., eds. (2013). *Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, Volume 5: Tenebrionoidea*. Apollo Books. ISBN 978-90-04-26090-0.

## InfoBox

| *Pseudozonitis vaurieae* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Meloidae |
| Tribe: | Nemognathini |
| Genus: | *Pseudozonitis* |
| Species: | ***P. vaurieae*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pseudozonitis vaurieae***<br>Enns, 1956 | |
|


title: Punakaiki River

abstract: The Punakaiki River is a river of the West Coast Region of New Zealand's South Island. It flows predominantly northwest from its sources in the Paparoa Range, reaching the Tasman Sea two kilometres south of the town of Punakaiki. Most of the river's length is within Paparoa National Park.

text:
# Punakaiki River

The **Punakaiki River** is a river of the West Coast Region of New Zealand's South Island. It flows predominantly northwest from its sources in the Paparoa Range, reaching the Tasman Sea two kilometres south of the town of Punakaiki. Most of the river's length is within Paparoa National Park.

## Recreation

The Inland Pack Track and the Paparoa Track both commence from the south bank of the river at Waipori Road, where there is a suspension bridge across the river. The section of the trail from the Punakaiki River to the Pororari River is dual-use – shared between walkers and mountain bikers, and serves as the northern entry or exit point of the Paparoa Track.

Media related to Punakaiki River at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Punakaiki River | |
| --- | --- |
| Punakaiki River near Punakaiki | |
| Route of the Punakaiki River | |
| Mouth of the Punakaiki RiverPunakaiki River (New Zealand) | |
| Location | |
| Country | New Zealand |
| Region | West Coast |
| District | Buller |
| Physical characteristics | |
|  | |
| Source | Paparoa Range |
| coordinates | 42°14′29″S 171°25′29″E / 42.2413°S 171.4248°E / -42.2413; 171.4248 |
|  | |
| Mouth | Tasman Sea |
| coordinates | 42°07′23″S 171°19′50″E / 42.12309°S 171.33054°E / -42.12309; 171.33054 |
| Length | 21 kilometres (13 mi) |
| Basin features | |
| Progression | **Punakaiki River**Tasman Sea |
| Tributaries |  |
| left | Gorge Creek |


title: Pskov power station

abstract: Pskov power station is a large-scale Russian regional power station located 5.3 kilometres (3.3 mi) from Dedovichi urban settlement in Pskov Oblast near the western border of the Russian Federation. The station operates as a branch of OGK-2 since 2006.

text:
# Pskov power station

**Pskov power station (Pskov GRES)** is a large-scale Russian regional power station located 5.3 kilometres (3.3 mi) from Dedovichi urban settlement in Pskov Oblast near the western border of the Russian Federation. The station operates as a branch of OGK-2 since 2006.

## History

The Ministry of Energy decided to create an industrial-scale power station in Pskov Oblast for a number of reasons. Due to the absence of any local generating capacities, the region required supplies of energy produced by the power system of Leningrad (Saint Petersburg). Additionally, the plant would have created a vast number of workplaces that could have potentially reduced the overall economic backwardness of the Pskov Oblast and Dedovichi district in particular.

The construction area for the plant was established in 1964 and was approved by the Scientific and Technical council of the State Energetics and Electrification committee of the USSR in 1965. The construction project of the station was developed by Teploproekt Institute in 1967.

In 1982 the Ministry of Energy ratified the final version of the Pskov GRES project. It implied the usage of milling peat as the main type of fuel and natural gas as the reserve one. This configuration caused heated objections from the nature protection bodies as the utilisation of peat could lead to pollution and other negative influences on the environment. As a result, natural gas was selected as the main, ecologically clean type of fuel for the station.

With the recruitment of A.A. Meshkov and A.A. Uverskiy as the heads of Pskov GRES and the construction department accordingly in 1983, the active phase of the construction began.

In 1992 the extension of the main Russian export gas pipeline had been finalized, which allowed the station to receive natural gas and, thus, eliminated the lack of fuel. Subsequently, the first of two energy units of the Pskov power station was activated in August 1993. The second unit was put into action in 1996 leading the station to its target installed electrical capacity of 430 MW. The installation of the energy units was performed by CJSC “Pskovenergomontazh.”

In 2013-2014 the installed capacity of Pskov power station had been increased to reach 440 MW: the range on each of the energy units was extended by 5 MW.

## Description

The station has the installed electrical capacity of 440 MW and heat capacity of 91 Gcal/h. It operates 2 highly-efficient energy units consisting of a gas-stream turbine and a generator.

The energy units had been assembled and put into operation in 1993 and 1996, which makes Pskov power station one of the most recently built energy stations in Russia and the newest among the JSC "OGK-2" assets. Due to low plant utilization within previous years and provided maintenance, actual unit residual life assessment is about 50%, which in terms of availability constitutes approximately 250 000 hours or more than 28 years.

The station utilizes natural gas as the main type of fuel. The consumption of electricity for the station maintenance is 6.1% of the total production.

Pskov power station is connected to an energy supply system with a high export potential due to its close location to energy systems of Belarus and Baltic states.

Power station management is seeking opportunities to increase plant utilisation rate due to provision energy generation facilities to different investors interested in high capacities with competitive pricing terms.

Due to the declining production volumes of the station and the probability of it losing its economic efficiency, a decision was made by the Pskov region administration to create a Special economic zone on the basis of the Pskov GRES by 2021.

The main objective of the initiative is to attract potential investors from virtually any type of industry. Investors would be granted favorable tax regimes and infrastructure conditions.

Pskov GRES was added to the list of investment sites with high economic potential by the Agency for Strategic Initiatives in collaboration with the Foundation “Roskongress“.

## Management

Pskov power station operates as a part of OGK-2 since 2006.

Pskov power station directors:

* 2008 – 2011 – Khizhnyak V.I.
* 2011 – March 2013 – Vergeichik O.V.
* 2013 – February 2017 – Andreev Y.V.
* 2017 – present – Golubev E.G.

## Generation of heat and electrical energy

Energy generation data in 2010-1Q2018(in Russian):

|  | **2010** | **2011** | **2012** | **2013** | **2014** | **2015** | **2016** | **2017** | **1Q2018** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Electrical energy generation, million kWh | 2,236 | 1,933 | 1,691 | 1,501 | 992 | 615 | 333 | 775 | 3 |
| Heat generation, thousand Gcal | 83 | 77 | 72 | 66 | 62 | 55 | 59 | 57 | 25 |
| Rate of plant’s capacity utilization, % | 59 | 51 | 44 | 39 | 25 | 16 | 8 | 20 | - |

## Corporate social responsibility

Pskov GRES is the city-forming organisation of the Dedovichi urban settlement. The creation of the power plant led Dedovichi to take the position of industrial and cultural center of the Pskov Oblast.

Pskov power station is engaged in charity providing support for a number of non-profit organizations including: a local public school, an arts school for children, 2 kindergartens, a retirement house and a local orphanage.

## InfoBox

| Pskov Power Station
Pskov GRES | |
| --- | --- |
| Pskov power station | |
|  | |
| Official name | Псковская ГРЭС |
| Country | Russia |
| Location | near Dedovichi, Pskov Oblast |
| Coordinates | 57°31′N 29°58′E / 57.51°N 29.97°E / 57.51; 29.97 |
| Status | Operational |
| Construction began | 1983 |
| Commission date | 1993 (Unit 1)
1996 (Unit 2) |
| Owners | OGK-2 |
| Employees | 338 |
| Thermal power station | |
| Primary fuel | Natural gas |
| Cooling source | Shelon river |
| Cogeneration? | yes |
| Thermal capacity | 91 Gcal/h |
| Power generation | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Units operational | 2 |
| Make and model | Boilers: TPE-208
Turbines: LMZ K-215-12.8
Generators: TGV-200-2MU3 |
| Nameplate capacity | 440 MW |
| External links | |
| Website | www.ogk2.ru/rus/branch/pskovskaya/ |
| \[edit on Wikidata\] | |


title: Psilogramma vates

abstract: Psilogramma vates is a moth of the family Sphingidae. It is known from Sri Lanka.

text:
# Psilogramma vates

***Psilogramma vates*** is a moth of the family Sphingidae. It is known from Sri Lanka.

## InfoBox

| *Psilogramma vates* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Sphingidae |
| Genus: | *Psilogramma* |
| Species: | ***P. vates*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Psilogramma vates***<br>(Butler, 1875) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Diludia vates* Butler, 1875 | |


title: Ptycholoma imitator

abstract: Ptycholoma imitator is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in China, the Korean Peninsula, Japan and Russia. The habitat consists of oak forests, cedar broad-leaved forests, fir broad-leaved forests, valley broad-leaved forests and gardens. The wingspan is 18–24 for males and 24 mm for females. Adults are on wing from July to August.

text:
# Ptycholoma imitator

***Ptycholoma imitator*** is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in China (Heilongjiang, Jilin, Fujian), the Korean Peninsula, Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu) and Russia (Amur, Siberia). The habitat consists of oak forests, cedar broad-leaved forests, fir broad-leaved forests, valley broad-leaved forests and gardens.

The wingspan is 18–24 for males and 24 mm for females. Adults are on wing from July to August.

## InfoBox

| *Ptycholoma imitator* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Tortricidae |
| Genus: | *Ptycholoma* |
| Species: | ***P. imitator*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Ptycholoma imitator***<br>(Walsingham, 1900) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Archips imitator* Walsingham, 1900 | |


title: Ptycholoma lata

abstract: Ptycholoma lata is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Hunan province in southern China.

text:
# Ptycholoma lata

***Ptycholoma lata*** is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Hunan province in southern China.

## InfoBox

| *Ptycholoma lata* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Tortricidae |
| Genus: | *Ptycholoma* |
| Species: | ***P. lata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Ptycholoma lata***<br>L.S. Chen & Jinbo, 2009 | |
|


title: Puerto Rico Highway 136

abstract: Puerto Rico Highway 136 (PR-136) is a short road in Guayanilla, Puerto Rico.

text:
# Puerto Rico Highway 136

**Puerto Rico Highway 136** (**PR-136**) is a short road in Guayanilla, Puerto Rico.

## Route description

This road connects from PR-2 and PR-132 with PR-127 near downtown Guayanilla. There are long-term plans to expand the PR-136 to Punta Verraco, in the coast of the municipality, which has not yet materialized because it is a protected natural area.

## Major intersections

The entire route is located in Guayanilla.

| Location | km | mi | Destinations | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Guayanilla barrio-pueblo | 0.33 | 0.21 | PR-127 (Calle Luis Muñoz Rivera) Guayanilla, Yauco | Southern terminus of PR-136 |
| Jaguas | 0.00 | 0.00 | PR-2 (Expreso Roberto Sánchez Vilella) Ponce, Yauco

PR-132 east (Carretera Juan C. Torres Irizarry) Peñuelas | Northern terminus of PR-136; PR-2 exit 205; diamond interchange |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
 | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| Highway 136 | |
| --- | --- |
| *Ruta 136* | |
| *Avenida Pedro Albizu Campos* | |
| Route information | |
| Maintained by Puerto Rico DTPW | |
| Length | 0.33 km (0.21 mi; 1,100 ft) |
| Major junctions | |
| South end | PR-127 in Guayanilla barrio-pueblo |
| North end | PR-2 / PR-132 in Jaguas |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| Territory | Puerto Rico |
| Municipalities | Guayanilla |
|  | |
| Highway system | |
|  | |
| PR-135   PR-137 | |


title: Pura Luhur Batukaru

abstract: Pura Luhur Batukaru is a Hindu temple in Tabanan, Bali, Indonesia.

text:
# Pura Luhur Batukaru

**Pura Luhur Batukaru** is a Hindu temple in Tabanan, Bali, Indonesia.

## Location

The temple is located on the southern slope of Mount Batukaru, Bali's second-highest volcano.

## Description, history

The temple is one of the "six sanctuaries of the world" (*Sad Kahyangan Jagad*, with *Sad* meaning "six") which are among the holiest places of worship in Bali.

It is also one of the nine directional temples (*kayangan jagat* or *kahyangan padma bhuwana*, marking the eight cardinal directions,) to which is added the center point. These temples are meant to protect Bali from evil spirits; among those nine, Batukaru stands for the west direction.

Originally built during the 11th century, Pura Luhur Batukaru was dedicated to the ancestors of the rajas of Tabanan. It was destroyed in 1604, but rebuilt in 1959. The temple's most important shrine is a 7-tiered meru dedicated to Mahadewa, the god of Mount Batukaru.

Today, Pura Luhur Batukaru remains an extremely sacred site for Bali's Hindu population. Much of the complex's grounds remain off-limits to visitors for various ceremonies and events throughout the year. The temple is also the first stop on the way to the summit of Mount Batukaru. A pilgrimage takes place at the peak once a year, and may see thousands of worshipers walk its trails at once.

## InfoBox

| Pura Luhur Batukaru | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Type | Pura |
| Architectural style | Balinese |
| Address | Wongaya Gede, Penebel district, Tabanan Regency |
| Country | Indonesia |
| Coordinates | 8°22′19″S 115°06′09″E / 8.372006168865502°S 115.10260938914051°E / -8.372006168865502; 115.10260938914051 |


title: Pura Lingsar

abstract: Pura Lingsar is a Balinese temple built by Anak Agung Ngurah of Karangasem in 1714, located 15 km from Mataram. Lingsar originates from the sasak language and means "clear revelation from God". The area has a spring, which is considered sacred by the local Sasak people, especially those who believe in Wetu Telu.

text:
# Pura Lingsar

**Pura Lingsar** is a Balinese temple built by Anak Agung Ngurah of Karangasem in 1714, located 15 km from Mataram. *Lingsar* originates from the sasak language and means "clear revelation from God". The area has a spring, which is considered sacred by the local Sasak people, especially those who believe in *Wetu Telu* (syncretic Islam and traditional Sasak beliefs).

## Building

Some parts of the Lingsar Park complex have been taken over which used to have an area of 40,000 m², leaving only half of it, in the complex there are 2 religious buildings of Pura and Kemaliq, of which there are 3 large ponds and a public bath.

## Festival

The festival at Pura Lingsar is held every 6th full moon or *purnamaning sasih kenem* on Balinese saka calendar dan 7th full moon or *sasih kepitu* on Sasak calendar. When festival there will held ritual *Perang Topat* and attraction of *Batek Baris* accccompanied by *gendang beleq*

## *Batek Baris*

When the festival was held, the first procession was called *mendak pesaji*, which was an accompaniment of offerings marching into area of the pura, in front of the offerings there were dancers *Batek Baris*, who dressed in the Dutch East Indies army, the dancers spoke Dutch but using sasak accent, where the dancer is accompanied by music *Gendang beleq*

## *Topat* War

*Topat* war is an attraction carried out by both Hindus and Muslims, where the war uses *ketupat* as its weapon. This war was carried out after the two residents made a prayer, both lined up facing each other to throw *ketupat*. At the end of the war the both residents will collect scattered *ketupat* to be buried in the rice fields, they believe that if do that it will fertilize their land.

## InfoBox

| Pura Lingsar | |
| --- | --- |
| Inner gate view between 1910 - 1925 | |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Type | Pura |
| Architectural style | Balinese |
| Location | Selagalas, Cakranegara Subdistrict, Mataram (city), West Nusa Tenggara |
| Address | Jalan Gora 2, Selagalah, Cakranegara, West Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara |
| Country | Indonesia |
| Coordinates | 8°34′32.91″S 116°10′48.49″E / 8.5758083°S 116.1801361°E / -8.5758083; 116.1801361 |
| Estimated completion | 17th century |


title: Puerto Cisnes Airport

abstract: Puerto Cisnes Airport is an airport serving Puerto Cisnes, a port town on the Puyuhuapi Channel in the Aysén Region of Chile. The airport is in the delta of the Cisnes River, 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) southwest of the town. There are hills northeast and southwest of the runway.

text:
# Puerto Cisnes Airport

**Puerto Cisnes Airport** (ICAO: **SCPK**) is an airport serving Puerto Cisnes, a port town on the Puyuhuapi Channel in the Aysén Region of Chile.

The airport is in the delta of the Cisnes River, 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) southwest of the town. There are hills northeast and southwest of the runway.

## InfoBox

| Puerto Cisnes Airport | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Summary | |
| Airport type | Public |
| Serves | Puerto Cisnes |
| Elevation AMSL | 45 ft / 14 m |
| Coordinates | 44°45′30″S 72°41′55″W / 44.75833°S 72.69861°W / -44.75833; -72.69861 (Puerto Cisnes Airport (Puerto Cisnes)) |
| Map | |
| **SCPK**Location of Puerto Cisnes Airport in Chile | |
| Runways | |
| Direction Length Surface  m ft  13/31 735 2,411 Grass | |
| Source: Landings.com Google Maps GCM | |


title: Puerto Castilla, Ávila

abstract: Puerto Castilla is a municipality located in the province of Ávila, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2006 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 140 inhabitants.

text:
# Puerto Castilla, Ávila

**Puerto Castilla** is a municipality located in the province of Ávila, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2006 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 140 inhabitants.

## InfoBox

| Puerto Castilla | |
| --- | --- |
| municipality | |
| Puerto Castilla. | |
|  | |
| Puerto CastillaLocation in Spain.Puerto CastillaPuerto Castilla (Castile and León) | |
| Coordinates: 40°17′22″N 5°37′47″W / 40.28944°N 5.62972°W / 40.28944; -5.62972 | |
| Country | Spain |
| Autonomous community | Castile and León |
| Province | Ávila |
| Municipality | Puerto Castilla |
| Area | |
| Total | 43 km2 (17 sq mi) |
| Population (2018) | |
| Total | 107 |
| Density | 3.3/km2 (9/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Website | Official website |


title: Pwll Fanog wreck

abstract: The Pwll Fanog wreck is a small Medieval-era wooden vessel that sank in the Menai Strait, off the coast of Anglesey in Wales. The cargo vessel, believed to date to the later half of the 16th century, was carrying hand-worked slates which came to rest on top of the vessel itself when it sank. The site was discovered in 1976 during a marine biological survey; it was designated under the Protection of Wrecks Act in 1978 and is a protected wreck managed by Cadw.

text:
# Pwll Fanog wreck

The **Pwll Fanog wreck** is a small Medieval-era wooden vessel that sank in the Menai Strait, off the coast of Anglesey in Wales. The cargo vessel, believed to date to the later half of the 16th century, was carrying hand-worked slates which came to rest on top of the vessel itself when it sank.

The site was discovered in 1976 during a marine biological survey; it was designated under the Protection of Wrecks Act in 1978 and is a protected wreck managed by Cadw.

## History

The wooden vessel, measuring roughly 9.4 meters long, 3 meters wide and 1.5 meters tall, is of unknown identity, but could have been a type called a balinger. Experts believe it may have sunk while at anchor.

A sample of slates taken around the wreck's discovery were examined and determined to be likely from the Llanberis and Nantlle Valley areas. The number of slates estimated to be carried by the craft at the time it sank was somewhere between 20,000 and 40,000.

Scholars aren't sure where it sailed from or was bound for, but in general the slates are believed to have been from a time when slate was being exported from North Wales in quantity, and could have been destined for Beaumaris.

53°12′46″N 4°11′43″W / 53.21278°N 4.19528°W / 53.21278; -4.19528


title: Pwllfanogl

abstract: Pwllfanogl is a hamlet in the community of Llanfair Pwllgwyngyll, Anglesey, Wales, which is 127.4 miles (205.1 km) from Cardiff and 208.5 miles (335.5 km) from London.

text:
# Pwllfanogl

**Pwllfanogl** is a hamlet in the community of Llanfair Pwllgwyngyll, Anglesey, Wales, which is 127.4 miles (205.1 km) from Cardiff and 208.5 miles (335.5 km) from London.

## InfoBox

| Pwllfanogl | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| PwllfanoglLocation within Anglesey | |
| OS grid reference | SH 5300 7093 |
| Cardiff | 127.4 mi (205.0 km) |
| London | 208.5 mi (335.5 km) |
| Community |  |
| Principal area |  |
| Country | Wales |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | Llanfair Pwllgwyngyll |
|  | |
| Police | North Wales |
| Fire | North Wales |
| Ambulance | Welsh |
|  | |
| UK Parliament |  |
| Senedd Cymru – Welsh Parliament |  |
|


title: Pun Hlaing International School

abstract: Pun Hlaing International School was an International School using the British Curriculum on the Pun Hlaing Golf Estate in Hlaingthaya Township, Yangon, Burma. The school was founded in 2014 by Serge Pun & Associates and was managed by Harrow International Management Services, advised by Harrow School in London, England. In August 2015, the academic and operational management of the school was handed over to Dulwich College International, advised by Dulwich College in London, England. In August 2016, the school re-opened as a campus of Dulwich College Yangon. Dulwich College Yangon is spread over two campuses in Pun Hlaing and Star City, and educates children from age 2 – 14 years. The site of the school was originally used by Yangon International School (YIS) as an early years centre.

text:
# Pun Hlaing International School

**Pun Hlaing International School** was an International School using the British Curriculum on the Pun Hlaing Golf Estate in Hlaingthaya Township, Yangon, Burma.

The school was founded in 2014 by Serge Pun & Associates (SPA group) and was managed by Harrow International Management Services, advised by Harrow School in London, England.

In August 2015, the academic and operational management of the school was handed over to Dulwich College International, advised by Dulwich College in London, England.

In August 2016, the school re-opened as a campus of Dulwich College Yangon. Dulwich College Yangon is spread over two campuses in Pun Hlaing and Star City, and educates children from age 2 – 14 years.

The site of the school was originally used by Yangon International School (YIS) as an early years centre.

## InfoBox

| Pun Hlaing International School | |
| --- | --- |
| Address | |
| Pun Hlaing Golf Estate Avenue
Hlaing Thayar Township
Yangon, Yangon Region
Myanmar | |
| Information | |
| Type | British International School |
| Established | 2014 |
| Headmaster | Derek Llewellyn |
| Website | http://www.punhlaingschool.com |


title: Pyrgus

abstract: Pyrgus is a genus in the skippers butterfly family, Hesperiidae, known as the grizzled skippers. The name "checkered" or "chequered skipper" may also be applied to some species, but also refers to species in the genera Burnsius and Carterocephalus. They occur in the Holarctic with an additional group of species extending to the Neotropic. In 2019, most of the species of Pyrgus found in the North, Central, or South America were moved to the genera Burnsius, Chirgus, and Heliopetes. The remaining Pyrgus species found in the New World are Pyrgus centaureae, ruralis, scriptura, and xanthus.

text:
# Pyrgus

***Pyrgus*** is a genus in the skippers butterfly family, Hesperiidae, known as the **grizzled skippers**. The name "checkered" or "chequered skipper" may also be applied to some species, but also refers to species in the genera *Burnsius* and *Carterocephalus*. They occur in the Holarctic with an additional group of species extending to the Neotropic.

In 2019, most of the species of *Pyrgus* found in the North, Central, or South America were moved to the genera *Burnsius*, *Chirgus*, and *Heliopetes*. The remaining *Pyrgus* species found in the New World are *Pyrgus centaureae*, *ruralis*, *scriptura*, and *xanthus*.

## Species

These species belong to the genus *Pyrgus*:

## InfoBox

| Grizzled skippers | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Grizzled skipper (*Pyrgus malvae* ) | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Hesperiidae |
| Tribe: | Pyrgini |
| Genus: | *Pyrgus*<br>Hübner, \[1819\] |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Urbanus* Hübner, \[1806\] (suppressed) * *Scelotrix* Rambur, 1858 * *Bremeria* Tutt, 1906 * *Teleomorpha* Warren, 1926 * *Hemiteleomorapha* Warren, 1926 * *Ateleomorpha* Warren, 1926 | |


title: Pullikkanam

abstract: Pullikkanam Vagamon is a hill station located in the Idukki district on the Kottayam-Idukki border in Kerala.

text:
# Pullikkanam

**Pullikkanam Vagamon** is a hill station located in the Idukki district on the Kottayam-Idukki border in Kerala.

## General

It is located at an altitude of 1,100 meters above sea level. Vagamon is a small plantation township in Central Travancore, with lush green rolling hills. The Vagamon hill station consists of hills, valleys and waterfalls. Trekking, para-gliding and rock climbing are possible. It is a popular honeymoon location in Kerala Wagaman. Wagman is described as the Scotland of Asia. The city is famous for beautiful grasslands, tea plantations and green valleys. Taman Para, Murugan Hill and Kurishumala are the focal points here.

There are monsoons from June to September. Heavy rains during this season make travel difficult. Hence, the best time to visit Vagamon is during the dry seasons which are summer and winter.

Vagamon is about 100 km from Kochi and is therefore easily accessible by road. Local taxis, cabs and state tourism buses are also available to connect the hill station to the city. Vagamon is 43 km from Thodupuzha, 45 km from Kumali and 65 km from Kottayam.

Some places to see in Vagamon are

* Vagamon Pine Forest
* Marmala waterfall
* Thangal Para
* Barren Hills
* Vagamon Lake
* Mundakayam Ghat
* Vagamon Falls
* Ulupunni
* Kurisumala
* Vagamon Meadows
* Murugan Mala
* Yathravazhi.in

## Orchid garden

The 15-hectare (37-acre) garden of orchids, known as Kerala's first orchid garden, is in Kolahalamedu near Pullikkanam in Vagamon. This unique garden was opened to the public by mid-January 2014. The garden is in the land under Kerala Forest Development Corporation. The garden has some rare varieties of orchids that are found in the Western Ghats.

## Pullikkanam Tea Estate

The Pullikkanam Estate is owned by Kochi-based Cochin-Malabar Estates and Industries Limited. The company was set up 85 years ago and employs a number of people.


title: Punch Knoll

abstract: Charles Elmer "Punch" Knoll was a Major League Baseball outfielder who played for the Washington Senators in 1905. He also spent 27 seasons playing in the minor leagues and managed in the minor leagues for 22 seasons.

text:
# Punch Knoll

**Charles Elmer "Punch" Knoll** (October 7, 1881 in Evansville, Indiana, USA – February 8, 1960 in Evansville, Indiana) was a Major League Baseball outfielder who played for the Washington Senators in 1905. He also spent 27 seasons playing in the minor leagues and managed in the minor leagues for 22 seasons.

## Major league career

Knoll made his major league debut on April 27, 1905 with the Senators and played in 79 games for them. He hit .213 with no home runs and 29 RBI in 244 at-bats, scoring 24 runs and hitting five triples. He committed eight errors as an outfielder in his only major league season, posting a .927 fielding percentage at that position. He played his final big league game on October 4.

## Minor league career

Knoll began his minor league career in 1901 and played every season, except for 1905, 1918 and 1929, until 1930. A .279 hitter, he had 2,455 career hits, 456 doubles, 141 triples and 85 home runs. In seasons in which he had more than 100 at-bats, Knoll hit more than .300 five times. He also exceeded the 10-triple mark four times and the 10-home run mark three times.

## Managerial career

Knoll managed the Evansville River Rats from 1907 to 1909, leading them to a league championship in 1908. He then managed the Dayton Veterans from 1910 to 1912, leading them to a league championship in 1911. In 1913, he returned to the River Rats and managed them until 1915. They switched their name to the Evansville Evas for the 1916 season, and he managed them until 1917.

He next managed the Ludington Mariners in 1920 and the Bay City Wolves from 1921 to 1924, leading them to successive league championships in 1923 and 1924. In 1925, he returned to the Danville Veterans, whom he managed until 1926. He then managed the Quincy Red Birds for part of 1927 (replacing Mack Allison), the Fort Wayne Chiefs in 1928 (leading them to a league championship), the Wilkes-Barre Barons in 1929 (replacing Don Sykes) and the Fort Wayne Chiefs again in 1930.

Following his death, he was interred at Locust Hill Cemetery in Evansville.

## InfoBox

| Punch Knoll | |
| --- | --- |
| Knoll with the Evansville Baseball Club in 1909 | |
| **Outfielder** | |
| **Born:** (1881-10-07)October 7, 1881
Evansville, Indiana | |
| **Died:** February 8, 1960(1960-02-08) (aged 78)
Evansville, Indiana | |
| **Batted:** Right**Threw:** Right | |
| MLB debut | |
| April 27, 1905, for the Washington Senators | |
| Last MLB appearance | |
| October 4, 1905, for the Washington Senators | |
| MLB statistics | |
| Batting average | .213 |
| Home runs | 0 |
| RBI | 29 |
|  | |
| Teams | |
|  | |


title: Pusztaapáti

abstract: Pusztaapáti is a village in Zala County, Hungary.

text:
# Pusztaapáti

**Pusztaapáti** is a village in Zala County, Hungary.

## InfoBox

| Pusztaapáti | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
|  | |
| PusztaapátiLocation of Pusztaapáti | |
| Coordinates: 46°45′53″N 16°36′33″E / 46.76472°N 16.60917°E / 46.76472; 16.60917 | |
| Country | Hungary |
| Region | Western Transdanubia |
| County | Zala |
| District | Lenti |
| Area | |
| Total | 10.59 km2 (4.09 sq mi) |
| Population (1 January 2024) | |
| Total | 20 |
| Density | 1.9/km2 (4.9/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 8986 |
| Area code | (+36) 92 |
| Website | pusztaapati.hu |


title: Wharton Dual Language Academy

abstract: William H. Wharton K-8 Dual Language Academy, formerly William Wharton Elementary School, is a public school in the Neartown area of Houston, Texas, and part of the Houston Independent School District. Also known as the Wharton Dual Language Academy, the school serves gifted and talented students in the Language Magnet program from Pre-K through 8th grade. Within the United States it has one of the oldest dual language bilingual programs that occupy entire campuses. As of 2008 it has the only such program in the City of Houston. The principal for Wharton Dual Language Academy is Jennifer Day. Wharton, located within the East Montrose subdivision, serves a section of the Neartown area, including a section of Montrose, half of Hyde Park, most of Avondale, most of East Montrose, a section of North Montrose.

text:
# Wharton Dual Language Academy

**William H. Wharton K-8 Dual Language Academy**, formerly **William Wharton Elementary School**, is a public school in the Neartown area of Houston, Texas, and part of the Houston Independent School District. Also known as the **Wharton Dual Language Academy**, the school serves gifted and talented students in the Language Magnet program from Pre-K through 8th grade.

Within the United States it has one of the oldest dual language bilingual programs that occupy entire campuses. As of 2008 it has the only such program in the City of Houston. The principal for Wharton Dual Language Academy is Jennifer Day.

Wharton, located within the East Montrose subdivision, serves a section of the Neartown area, including a section of Montrose, half of Hyde Park, most of Avondale, most of East Montrose, a section of North Montrose.

## History

The school building was erected in 1929. Prior to its conversion to a K-8 school, it served until grade 6. In the 1998–1999 school year the student population went down by 60 students, due to gentrification in the Montrose area.

In the 2008–2009 school year Wharton was scheduled to add the seventh grade. The eighth grade was scheduled to follow shortly afterwards. Therefore the school's name officially changed from Wharton Elementary to its current name.

Imelda Alamia served as the principal for three years. In 2009 she resigned.

As of 2012 the school used temporary buildings to house grades 3–8, as well as the library and technology laboratory, since the original building could not support the entire student body. As part of the 2012 HISD Bond, the school was scheduled to receive a renovation of the original building and a middle school classroom wing. In addition there were plans for updated internet capacity, additional restrooms, an art room, a larger cafeteria, a technology laboratory, a multipurpose area, a science room, and a new library. This would increase the capacity of the school facility to 750 to 900 students. The total cost was $35.6 million. As part of the move plans, in 2016 Wharton was temporarily relocated to "Wharton Village" at the Gregory-Lincoln Education Center in the Fourth Ward.

In 2024, HISD removed Wharton's attendance boundary.

### Proposal to close Wharton

In late September 2007, HISD superintendent Abelardo Saavedra announced that HISD planned to seek the closure of Wharton Elementary by the 2009–2010 school year and move its program to either Gregory-Lincoln or Milam Elementary School; the latter would have been reopened as that campus was previously closed. It was proposed due to the school's small enrollment and the district's budgetary issues. HISD had the potential of selling the school property for $8 million or higher.

In October 2007 parents of Wharton students protested the proposed closure. HISD officials had argued that the Milam class had extra classrooms that could accommodate middle school students, as Wharton was scheduled to receive middle school grades. Wharton parents argued that the Milam campus was too close to railroad tracks, that the Milam campus was in a less safe neighborhood, and that the Milam campus had less room to expand. Parents were also opposed to the idea of consolidating with Gregory-Lincoln as it had inferior disciplinary and academic statistics. In addition, they argued that if a merger with Gregory-Lincoln occurred, that school would have become overcrowded.

Parents in the area around Wharton created a website dedicated to saving the school and met with Saavedra to ask him to not close the school. A *Houston Chronicle* editorial criticized the proposal to close the school due to its high academic performance. Members of the Cherryhurst community opposed on the grounds that the closure of Wharton could imperil a baseball field on the Wharton property serving an area little league. The East Montrose Civic Association worked with the Friends of Wharton group in an effort to save the school, and all of the member organizations of the Neartown Association voted to make efforts to save Wharton. The Greater Houston Preservation Alliance attempted to get Wharton placed on the National Register of Historic Places.

In April 2008 HISD stated that the school would at least remain open until the end of the 2008–2009 school year. By August 2008 Saavedra recommended that Wharton be kept open, and that month all of the HISD board members voted to keep it open.

## Student body

In 2013 the school had about 425 students, with about 70% being classified as low income. Some students had parents who originated from Houston while others had parents who originated from foreign countries, including Mexico, China, and India. At the time there were 70 students in the Wharton middle school program.

Originally the student body was mostly Anglo White. By the 2001–2002 school year about 90.5% of the approximately 400 students were Hispanic and Latino. 94% of the students qualified for free or reduced lunch. The percentages of non-Hispanic white, black, and Asian students were 5%, 3%, and 2%, respectively. The school continued to be majority Hispanic and Latino in 2008, when it had 378 students. At the time the maximum possible number of students was 397. Due to the school building's then-small size, it was at 95% capacity.

## Campus

The campus had 242,194 square feet (22,500.6 m2) of space as of 2008. That year the *Houston Chronicle* stated that Wharton is "one of a handful of HISD elementary schools considered architecturally significant." Architect Harry D. Payne stated that he gave the school building a Lombard Italian style. The *Chronicle* described its architecture is in the style of The Alamo. The building comes in a buff cast stone trim in a brown sandstone-like red color. The bricks come in many colors and are in a light buff, velour-textured style. The roof, a gray and soft brown color, was made of tiles.

Wharton's sister schools are River Oaks, Briscoe, Field, Henderson, and Poe elementaries, which all share the same floor plan. Payne gave each of those schools its own unique exterior.

Wharton included a SPARK Park which could be used after school by members of the community. In 2004 HISD board trustees agreed to allow a field at Wharton to be developed into a baseball field so the Neartown Little League could play there. The Conrad Hilton Foundation donated $250,000 and Maxine Meyers, the wife of a deceased automobile dealership owner, donated $5,000. The Meyers donation funded a scoreboard. The little league raised $350,000 to help pay for the facility. The baseball field was known as Eric Hilton Field. In 2016, the SPARK Park and baseball field, as well as the school's outdoor covered basketball court, were removed to make way for the construction of a new building. This new building, completed in 2019, is 3 stories tall and features an indoor gym, maker spaces, and a central courtyard.

## Curriculum

The Wharton Elementary Dual Language philosophy promotes both Spanish and English as languages of equal value. Based on second language acquisition theory and the structure of the dual language program, students must enter the program in kindergarten. Students may enter at 1st grade to be determined on a case by case basis. Since every classroom, from Kinder-5th, is a dual language classroom, English dominate students moving into the Wharton school zone after 1st grade will receive a regular English language education at the Gregory Lincoln Education Complex two blocks from Wharton.

## Academic performance

Reflecting the bilingual structure of the school, students may take state achievement tests in either English or Spanish. In 2008 the school had the following Texas Assessment of Knowledge and Skills (TAKS) scores: In mathematics, 100% at standard and 68% commended; in reading, 94% at standard and 32% commended. By 2008 the Texas Education Agency had ranked the school as "Recognized". In 2013, Ericka Mellon of the *Houston Chronicle* stated that the school's percentage of students scoring at an "advanced" level in mathematics was below the average of Houston public schools, and therefore it had "room to improve". As of 2013 Children at Risk ranked the elementary school program 278 out of 775 and the middle school program 11 out of 283.

In 2013 Jennifer Day, the principal, stated that the stability in the teaching staff and the school's small size contributed to the school's academic performance.

## Feeder patterns

All persons zoned to Wharton are also zoned to Gregory-Lincoln Education Center (for middle school only) in the Fourth Ward, and Lamar High School in Upper Kirby.

## Notable alumni

## Further reading

29°45′15″N 95°23′27″W / 29.754103°N 95.390727°W / 29.754103; -95.390727


title: Von Bock House

abstract: Von Bock House is in Ülikooli Street in Tartu in Estonia. The building is owned by Tartu University, and is on the same street as the university's main building. Von Bock house has a mural of the university's main building on one of its walls.

text:
# Von Bock House

**Von Bock House** is in Ülikooli Street in Tartu in Estonia. The building is owned by Tartu University, and is on the same street as the university's main building. Von Bock house has a mural of the university's main building on one of its walls.

## History

The building was commissioned following the Great Fire of Tartu (then called Dorpat) which consumed the wooden buildings of the city in 1775. The builder's German born architect was Johann Heinrich Bartholomäus Walther who also worked on Tartu Town Hall which was nearby. The house was built for Christina Wilcke and was nominally complete by 1780.

The building is named for Colonel Magnus Johann von Bock who owned the building. The Saare Manor of the Bock family was situated in Jõgeva County. The building was described as being 147 by 45 (Rhein) feet in area. It started with a vaulted basement and a ground floor that was dedicated to service and which was also partially vaulted. The first floor had a large room with an extravagant plastered ceiling designed for entertaining. However the Bock family had agreed for the building to be used by Tartu University. New building work was approved and it was agreed to construct a library, lecture rooms and a place for public debate. The building was adapted in 1783 to 1786.

The new project commissioned artists and decorators who covered the staircase and surrounding areas in a bold black and white check pattern that was said to match the arabesque stucco of the upper floor ceiling. One room was wallpapered with a floral design that also included three large landscape murals. The hall had a white fancy ceiling whilst the walls were covered in another arabesque design around the five large windows with two white tiled stoves to provide heating. The new German speaking University was re-launched and had its new charter was confirmed by Alexander I of Russia in 1802.

M.J. von Bock died in 1807 and the converted building was bought by the University of Tartu in 1839. The house has had a series of different roles since then including the University's medical facility, a veterinary school, and the library of the Estonian Learned Society. The learned society had been founded in 1839 with the aim of investigating and improving culture in Estonia. The society's first activity was to create education for the local population.

## 2007 renovation and another mural

Today the building is still owned by the university and in 2006 to 2007 the building was renovated under the managemement of Merje Müürisepp. Müürisepp had the facade restored to light yellow and the rest of the building painted a dark pink. A vast external mural was constructed on the side of the house. The mural was a reproduction of a lithograph by Louis Höflinger who had lived in Tartu around 1860. The Art Museum of Estonia has a large collection of his work. The design was prepared by Maarja Roosi. The mural shows the main building of the University of Tartu exactly as it was recorded in 1860 by Höflinger. It was constructed by students under the supervision of university staff.

The mural was accompanied by an exhibition of photographs that was shown at the windows of the house in 2007. The photographs were arranged by Alan Madisson and featured notable academics from the university.

The renovation of the house was completed at a cost of three million kroons in September 2007. Four years after the renovation the plasterwork of the building developed cracks which seemed to have been caused by subsistence.

This subject of the mural, the University's main building, is further down Ülikooli Street and it is possible to view both the mural and the main building at the same time.

## InfoBox

| Von Bock House | |
| --- | --- |
| Von Bock House in Ülikooli Street | |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Address | 16 Ülikooli Street |
| Town or city | Tartu |
| Country | Estonia |
| Coordinates | 58°22′50″N 26°43′14″E / 58.3806°N 26.7205°E / 58.3806; 26.7205 |
| Completed | 1786 |
| Renovated | 2007 |
| Renovation cost | 3m kroons |
| Owner | Christina Wilcke |
| Design and construction | |
| Architect(s) | Johann Heinrich Bartholomäus Walther |
| Renovating team | |
| Architect(s) | Merje Müürisepp |


title: Świt (song)

abstract: "Świt" is a Polish-language pop song composed and recorded by Daria Zawiałow, Błażej Król and Igor Walaszek for 2020 Męskie Granie concert tour. It was released on July 1, 2020. Music video of the song, directed by Daniel Jaroszek, reached 15 million views on the YouTube as of November 2020.

text:
# Świt (song)

"**Świt**" (Polish pronunciation: \[ɕfit\]; from Polish: *dawn*) is a Polish-language pop song composed and recorded by Daria Zawiałow, Błażej Król and Igor Walaszek (aka Igo) for 2020 Męskie Granie concert tour. It was released on July 1, 2020. Music video of the song, directed by Daniel Jaroszek, reached 15 million views on the YouTube as of November 2020.

## Chart performance

### Weekly charts

| Territory | Chart (2020) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Poland | AirPlay – Top | 1 |

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| "Świt" | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by Męskie Granie Orkiestra 2020 / Daria Zawiałow, Błażej Król and Igo | |
| from the album  *Męskie Granie 2020* | |
| Released | July 1, 2020 (2020-07-01) |
| Recorded | 2020 |
| Genre | pop |
| Length | 3:12 |
| Label | Agencja LIVE, Kayax Production & Publishing |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Męskie Granie singles chronology | |
| "Sobie i Wam"
(2019) "**Świt**"
(2020) | |
|  | |
| Music video | |
| "Świt" on YouTube | |
|  | |


title: Temnoscheila

abstract: Temnoscheila is a genus of bark-gnawing beetles in the family Trogossitidae, historically often misspelled as "Temnochila". There are about 19 described species in Temnoscheila.

text:
# Temnoscheila

***Temnoscheila*** is a genus of bark-gnawing beetles in the family Trogossitidae, historically often misspelled as "*Temnochila*". There are about 19 described species in *Temnoscheila*.

## Species

These 19 species belong to the genus *Temnoscheila*:

Data sources: i = ITIS, c = Catalogue of Life, g = GBIF, b = Bugguide.net

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| *Temnoscheila* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Temnoscheila acuta* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Trogossitidae |
| Genus: | *Temnoscheila*<br>Westwood, 1830 |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Temnochila* Erichson, 1844 | |


title: Turn Into (album)

abstract: Turn Into is the debut studio album by American indie musician Jay Som, released on July 22, 2016. Jay Som recorded and self-produced the album in her bedroom from March 2014 to October 2015.

text:
# Turn Into (album)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *Pitchfork* | 8.2/10 |
| *PopMatters* | 8/10 |

***Turn Into*** is the debut studio album by American indie musician Jay Som, released on July 22, 2016. Jay Som recorded and self-produced the album in her bedroom from March 2014 to October 2015.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Melina Duterte

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Peach Boy" | 3:13 |
| 2. | "Ghost" | 3:07 |
| 3. | "Next to Me" | 3:38 |
| 4. | "Drown" | 2:52 |
| 5. | "Our Red Door" | 3:55 |
| 6. | "Unlimited Touch" | 4:05 |
| 7. | "Why I Say No" | 4:40 |
| 8. | "Slow" | 4:01 |
| 9. | "Turn Into" | 3:23 |
| Total length: | | 32:54 |

## InfoBox

| Turn Into | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Jay Som | |
| Released | July 22, 2016 (2016-07-22) |
| Recorded | March 2014 – October 2015 |
| Studio | Jay Som's bedroom (aka EMA Studios) |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 32:54 |
| Label |  |
| Producer | Melina Duterte |
| Jay Som chronology | |
| ***Turn Into***
(2016) *Everybody Works*
(2017) | |


title: William E. Tou Velle

abstract: William Ellsworth Tou Velle was an American lawyer and politician who served two terms as a U.S. Representative from Ohio from 1907 to 1911.

text:
# William E. Tou Velle

**William Ellsworth Tou Velle** (November 23, 1862 – August 14, 1951) was an American lawyer and politician who served two terms as a U.S. Representative from Ohio from 1907 to 1911.

## Biography

Born in Celina, Ohio, November 23, 1862, attended the public schools and was graduated from Celina High School in 1879, Tou Velle was appointed postmaster of Celina, Ohio, on May 27, 1885, and served until June 14, 1888, when a successor was appointed. He was graduated from Cincinnati Law School in 1889. He was admitted to the bar the same year and commenced practice in Celina.

Tou Velle was elected as a Democrat to the Sixtieth and Sixty-first Congresses (March 4, 1907 – March 3, 1911). He did not seek renomination in 1910. He resumed the practice of law. He served as president of the First National Bank of Celina. He died in Celina, Ohio, August 14, 1951. He was interred in North Grove Cemetery.

## Sources

* United States Congress. "William E. Tou Velle (id: T000318)". *Biographical Directory of the United States Congress*.

This article incorporates public domain material from the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress

## InfoBox

| William Ellsworth Tou Velle | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Ohio's 4th district | |
| **In office**
March 4, 1907  March 3, 1911 | |
| Preceded by | Harvey C. Garber |
| Succeeded by | J. Henry Goeke |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1862-11-23)November 23, 1862
Celina, Ohio |
| Died | August 14, 1951(1951-08-14) (aged 88)
Celina, Ohio |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse | Elizabeth S. Day |
| Alma mater | Cincinnati Law School |
|  | |


title: Young You

abstract: Young You Young You was a Japanese josei manga magazine published by Shueisha, based in Tokyo and first published in 1986. It ran for 22 years before being cancelled in October 2005. After the magazine's closure, Shueisha moved several series serialized in Young You to its sister magazines Chorus and You.

text:
# Young You

***Young You*** (ヤングユー, *Yangu Yū*) was a Japanese josei manga magazine published by Shueisha, based in Tokyo and first published in 1986. It ran for 22 years before being cancelled in October 2005. After the magazine's closure, Shueisha moved several series serialized in *Young You* to its sister magazines *Chorus* (now known as *Cocohana*) and *You*.

## Notable mangakas and series serialized in *Young You*

## InfoBox

*Young You*
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Categories | Josei manga |
| First issue | 1986 |
| Final issue
Number | October 2005
5 |
| Company | Shueisha |
| Country | Japan |
| Based in | Tokyo |
| Language | Japanese |
| Website | Official website (archived) |


title: Urgleptes leopaulini

abstract: Urgleptes leopaulini is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Touroult in 2004. Its range includes the Caribbean islands of Guadeloupe, Martinique, and Saint Lucia.

text:
# Urgleptes leopaulini

***Urgleptes leopaulini*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Touroult in 2004. Its range includes the Caribbean islands of Guadeloupe, Martinique, and Saint Lucia.

## InfoBox

| *Urgleptes leopaulini* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | *Urgleptes* |
| Species: | ***U. leopaulini*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Urgleptes leopaulini***<br>Touroult, 2004 | |
|


title: Seoul Ordinance of Student Rights

abstract: The Seoul Ordinance of Student Rights was initially drafted by the Seoul Metropolitan Office of Education with the support of Seoul's Education Chief, Kwak No-hyun, on September 7, 2011 and was introduced to the Seoul City Council for consideration in October, 2011. The ordinance was officially proclaimed on January 24, 2012. The push for Seoul's ordinance came after both the Gyeonggi Province (2010) and City of Gwangju (2011) enacted their respective ordinances. In addition to political initiatives for the ordinance, there were several groups advocating for its passage, like Common Action for Sexual Minority Students and the Youth Human Rights Group, Asunaro. The objective of the Seoul Ordinance of Student Rights, as it states in its first chapter, is "to ensure that all students' dignity and values as human beings are fulfilled and that they can live a free and happy life." The ordinance provides a variety of provisions and protections to students attending kindergartens, elementary schools, and high schools in Seoul. The ordinance protects student’s freedom of conscience and religion as well as their freedom of expression, which includes demonstrations and forms of protest on school grounds. The ordinance also offers protective guidelines against discrimination on the basis of gender identity and sexual orientation, physical violence, compulsory studying after school hours, among many other protective clauses. It is important to note that Seoul's Ordinance of Student Rights in not legally binding, but works more as an educational charter for school administrators in Seoul. The ordinance also stipulates rules around a governing Student Human Right Committee that oversees the implementation of the ordinance in schools, as well as handle issues or violations that may surface as the ordinance is in place. The ordinance also includes guidelines for a Student Participation Committee, which is meant to represent Seoul's student population in relation to the Student Human Rights committee.

text:
# Seoul Ordinance of Student Rights

The **Seoul Ordinance of Student Rights** was initially drafted by the Seoul Metropolitan Office of Education with the support of Seoul's Education Chief, Kwak No-hyun, on September 7, 2011 and was introduced to the Seoul City Council for consideration in October, 2011. The ordinance was officially proclaimed on January 24, 2012. The push for Seoul's ordinance came after both the Gyeonggi Province (2010) and City of Gwangju (2011) enacted their respective ordinances. In addition to political initiatives for the ordinance, there were several groups advocating for its passage, like Common Action for Sexual Minority Students and the Youth Human Rights Group, Asunaro. The objective of the Seoul Ordinance of Student Rights, as it states in its first chapter, is "to ensure that all students' dignity and values as human beings are fulfilled and that they can live a free and happy life." The ordinance provides a variety of provisions and protections to students attending kindergartens, elementary schools, and high schools in Seoul. The ordinance protects student’s freedom of conscience and religion as well as their freedom of expression, which includes demonstrations and forms of protest on school grounds. The ordinance also offers protective guidelines against discrimination on the basis of gender identity and sexual orientation, physical violence (corporal punishment), compulsory studying after school hours, among many other protective clauses. It is important to note that Seoul's Ordinance of Student Rights in not legally binding, but works more as an educational charter for school administrators in Seoul. The ordinance also stipulates rules around a governing Student Human Right Committee that oversees the implementation of the ordinance in schools, as well as handle issues or violations that may surface as the ordinance is in place. The ordinance also includes guidelines for a Student Participation Committee, which is meant to represent Seoul's student population in relation to the Student Human Rights committee.

## Controversy and Backlash

Despite the overwhelming public and political support for the passage of the Seoul Ordinance of Student Rights, there were several instances of community and political pushback. Groups like the Korean Federation of Teachers’ Association (KFTA) adamantly opposed the adoption of the ordinance, citing a poll in which 76% of teachers in Seoul disagreed with the ordinance . The KFTA has also stated that the rights of children in kindergarten in accordance with Seoul's ordinance, are a show of "‘human rights populism’ and that \[Seoul's ordinance\] neglects duty and responsibility in the name of protecting human rights.” Other groups like The Association of Mothers Concerned about Education and The Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST) also voiced their opposition of the ordinance.

## 2017 Amendment

In September, 2017, the Seoul Metropolitan Council amended the Seoul Ordinance of Student Rights to expand on provisions against hate speech. This move was made amidst mounting worries of verbal abuse in Seoul's schools.

## Corporal Punishment

Prior to the enactment of the Seoul Ordinance of Student Rights there was a specific ban on all forms of corporal punishment enacted by the Seoul Metropolitan Office of Education in July 2010. It was spearheaded by the head of the office, Kwak No-hyun. Chapter 2 Section 2 Articles 6 (Right to be Free from Violence) and 7 (Right to Safety from Danger) are the direct sections which refer to corporal punishment and violence within the ordinance. Article 6 explicitly bans all physical and verbal abuse including; corporal punishment, bullying, sexual violence. Students are to be free from intentional disclosure of information that may lead to harassment due to prejudices of a particular group or social minority. The head of schools must make sure to prevent all physical and verbal abuse as described above. Article 7 states school leaders should maintain a safety management system to ensure student safety. If any accidents are to occur at school, school leaders are to help rescue the victims quickly and cooperate with relevant authorities and local residents to prevent damages. There has been a ban in place prior to the enactment of the Ordinance, but both are hard to enforce, so even though corporal punishment is seen as detrimental to the mental health and learning environment of students there is little to currently stop it from continuing.

### Backlash

People who are opposed to the ordnance fear that the banning of corporal punishment will lead to teachers diminished ability to control their classrooms and to punish violent students. Some who are opposed believe that the protections put forth by the ordinance are redundant because there are already laws against discrimination and corporal punishment. Corporal punishment continues, despite the ban and ordinance, in private schools because they often have a set of rules that attending students agree to and the schools often get permission from parents.

### LGBT Protections

The Seoul Student Human Rights Ordinance is the first student rights ordinance in South Korea to include protection on the basis of gender identity. The inclusion of protections on the basis of gender identity and sexual orientation in the Ordinance were highly controversial, with conservative organizations arguing that these protections promote homosexuality and progressive organizations claiming the protections protect LGBT students. In 2011, many student and nonprofit organizations mobilized to pass a Seoul Student Human Rights Ordinance that included protections on the basis of sexual minority status and gender identity. In early 2011, groups like the Korean gay men's organization Chingusai began collecting signatures in favor of the Ordinance from the public and performing signing ceremonies. Major signing campaigns were hosted at Children’s Grand Park on March 6, 2011 and in Seoul Plaza on May 6–7, 2011.

```
The efforts of such events culminated in the acquisition of over 90,000 signatures from Seoul citizens approving the Ordinance and its protections for LGBT students.
```

As the ordinance received increasing public support, the protections for LGBT students were targeted by conservative groups. In order to ensure the inclusion of LGBT protections in the ordinance, multiple LGBT organizations including Chingusai and Solidarity for LGBT Rights of Korea collaborated to hold three emergency meetings on September 14, September 22 and October 4, 2011.

```
Together, LGBT groups organized social media initiatives, spoke at public events such as the 2011 National Workers Convention, and orchestrated protests.
```

### Implementation of the Ordinance

Many cases where the ordinance has been implemented have been observed within the education system. In Seoul, a middle school ethics teacher was investigated by the Office of Education due to her hateful comments addressed toward homosexual individuals. The students reported their teacher to an online portal for petitions called Sinmungo. The informants claimed the teacher said, “homosexuality is an abominable and filthy crime. Homosexuals should be gathered in one place and burned.” Under the Ordinance for Students’ Rights, no minorities could be discriminated against. Homosexual individuals also fell into the minority category and the teacher was investigated.

Another case where the Ordinance of Students’ Rights was implemented was in 2016, when an instructor at a private university in Seoul was fired for hate speech. The instructor was hired to teach liberal arts but instead she used her platform to promote a hateful attitude towards homosexuality. During class she referred to homosexuality as a disease and claimed that all homosexual individuals were infected with HIV/AIDS. She pushed her students to complete assignments that forced them to agree with her views, which eventually led to students organizing and protesting to get her fired. She was then fired from her position. The university made it a requirement following that incident for teachers to refrain from engaging in hate speech.

### Progress for Minority Students in Higher Education

The Ordinance of Students’ Rights served as a gateway to the Seoul National University Human Rights Guidelines. The importance of having students’ voices be heard is found in the creation of anti-discriminatory legislature such as this. On September 7, 2016 the Seoul National University Human Rights Guidelines were added upon during a meeting which unanimously voted to pass the law that prevents people from discriminating against sexual minorities. This faced a lot of backlash from religious organizations such as the Seoul National University Christian Faculty Association and the Christian Alumni Association. Regardless of the backlash, sexual minorities would be protected under the new guidelines that were passed.

There has also been in increase in the election of students who have came out as being homosexual to serve as council members on the university councils. One example of a homosexual individual who has been elected to serve on a university council is Bo-mi—who was elected to be president of the Seoul National University student council.


title: Tennis at the 2017 SEA Games

abstract: Tennis at the 2017 SEA Games was held in the National Tennis Centre, Jalan Duta from 21 to 26 August 2017.

text:
# Tennis at the 2017 SEA Games

**Tennis** at the **2017 SEA Games** was held in the National Tennis Centre, Jalan Duta from 21 to 26 August 2017.

## Participating nations

A total of 71 athletes from nine nations competed in tennis at the 2017 Southeast Asian Games:

## Competition schedule

Tennis events at the 2017 SEA Games were held from 21 to 26 August 2017.

## Medalists

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Men's singles
 | Christopher Rungkat
Indonesia | Jirat Navasirisomboon
Thailand | Lý Hoàng Nam
Vietnam |
| | | | Wishaya Trongcharoenchaikul
Thailand |
| Men's doubles
 | Thailand (THA)
Sanchai Ratiwatana
Sonchat Ratiwatana | Philippines (PHI)
Francis Casey Alcantara
Ruben Gonzales | Vietnam (VIE)
Lý Hoàng Nam
Nguyễn Hoàng Thiên |
| | | | Thailand (THA)
Kittipong Wachiramanowong
Wishaya Trongcharoenchaikul |
|  | | | | | | |
| Women's singles
 | Luksika Kumkhum
Thailand | Anna Clarice Patrimonio
Philippines | Stefanie Tan
Singapore |
| | | | Andrea Ka
Cambodia |
| Women's doubles
 | Thailand (THA)
Nicha Lertpitaksinchai
Peangtarn Plipuech | Thailand (THA)
Luksika Kumkhum
Noppawan Lertcheewakarn | Malaysia (MAS)
Jawairiah Noordin
Theiviya Selvarajoo |
| | | | Philippines (PHI)
Denise Dy
Katharina Lehnert |
|  | | | | | | |
| Mixed doubles
 | Thailand (THA)
Nicha Lertpitaksinchai
Sanchai Ratiwatana | Indonesia (INA)
Jessy Rompies
Christopher Rungkat | Thailand (THA)
Peangtarn Plipuech
Sonchat Ratiwatana |
| | | | Philippines (PHI)
Denise Dy
Ruben Gonzales |

## Medal table

*   Host nation (Malaysia)

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Thailand | 4 | 2 | 3 | 9 |
| 2 | Indonesia | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 3 | Philippines | 0 | 2 | 2 | 4 |
| 4 | Vietnam | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 5 | Cambodia | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| | Malaysia* | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| | Singapore | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (7 entries) | | 5 | 5 | 10 | 20 |

## InfoBox

| Tennis
at the 2017 SEA Games | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Venue | National Tennis Centre |
| Dates | 21 August 2017 (2017-08-21) to 26 August 2017 (2017-08-26) |
| Competitors | 71 from 9 nations |
|


title: Temple of Olympic Zeus

abstract: Temple of Olympic Zeus is an album by saxophonist Eric Alexander which was recorded in 2007 and released on the HighNote label.

text:
# Temple of Olympic Zeus

***Temple of Olympic Zeus***  is an album by saxophonist Eric Alexander which was recorded in 2007 and released on the HighNote label.

## Reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic |  |
| All About Jazz |  |

In his review on Allmusic, Scott Yanow states "Eric Alexander has developed into one of the giants of the tenor sax. He is not an avant-garde trailblazer; nor are there scores of saxophonists who sound like his clones. But Alexander has developed his own sound within the areas of hard bop to post-bop; he gives the impression that he can sound confident and very credible in any setting, and he has yet to make an unworthy recording. He has led at least 20 CD recordings since his emergence, with *Temple of Olympic Zeus* being one of his best ... a brilliant improviser who deserves much more recognition for invigorating jazz's modern mainstream". On All About Jazz, Jack Bowers said "This is a splendid example of Alexander's steady maturation as a tenor virtuoso in a more intimate setting. Alexander always comes to play, and always brings fresh and provocative ideas to the table". In JazzTimes, Steve Greenlee wrote "For all the blue light of the burners, Alexander exudes warmth, too, particularly when he slows things down ... He’s got a big, muscular tone, yes, but he’s also got a soft touch".

## Track listing

All compositions by Eric Alexander except where noted

1. "The Temple of Olympic Zeus" – 7:51
2. "Someday We'll All Be Free" (Donny Hathaway, Edward Howard) – 6:20
3. "Dave's System" – 6:52
4. "Some Other Time" (Betty Comden, Adolph Green) – 5:10
5. "Blues for David" (Curtis Montgomery) – 9:18
6. "Lucas Too" – 7:14
7. "I'm Gonna Laugh You Right Out of My Life" (Cy Coleman, Carolyn Leigh) – 7:53
8. "I'll Keep Loving You" (Bud Powell) – 5:25

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| Temple of Olympic Zeus | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Eric Alexander | |
| Released | August 28, 2007 |
| Recorded | January 17, 2007 |
| Studio | Van Gelder Studio, Englewood Cliffs, NJ |
| Genre | Jazz |
| Length | 56:27 |
| Label | HighNote
HCD 7172 |
| Producer | Todd Barkan |
| Eric Alexander chronology | |
| *Gentle Ballads II*
(2006) ***Temple of Olympic Zeus***
(2007) *My Favorite Things*
(2007) | |


title: Temple of Olympian Zeus, Agrigento

abstract: The Temple of Olympian Zeus in Agrigento, Sicily was the largest Doric temple ever constructed, although it was never completed and now lies in ruins. It stands in the Valle dei Templi with a number of other major Greek temples.

text:
# Temple of Olympian Zeus, Agrigento

The **Temple of Olympian Zeus** (or **Olympeion**; known in Italian as the *Tempio di Giove Olimpico*) in Agrigento, Sicily was the largest Doric temple ever constructed, although it was never completed and now lies in ruins. It stands in the Valle dei Templi with a number of other major Greek temples.

## History

The history of the temple is unclear, but it was probably founded to commemorate the Battle of Himera (480 BC), in which the Greek cities of Akragas (Agrigento) and Syracuse, Magna Graecia, defeated the Carthaginians under Hamilcar. According to the historian Diodorus Siculus, the temple was built using Carthaginian slave labour  presumably defeated soldiers captured after the battle. It is otherwise little mentioned in ancient literature. The Greek historian Polybius mentions it briefly in a 2nd-century BC description of Akragas, commenting that "the other temples and porticoes which adorn the city are of great magnificence, the temple of Olympian Zeus being unfinished but second it seems to none in Greece in design and dimensions."

According to Diodorus, it remained unfinished due to the Carthaginian conquest of the city in 406 BC, with the Siege of Akragas. The temple's roof was already missing at this time. The temple was eventually toppled by earthquakes and in the 18th century was quarried extensively to provide building materials for the modern towns of Agrigento and nearby Porto Empedocle. Today it survives only as a broad stone platform heaped with tumbled pillars and blocks of stone.

## Architecture

The temple, whose structure is still under debate, measured 112.7 x 56.3 m at the stylobate, with a height of some 20 m. The whole construction was made of small stone blocks, which has led to uncertainty to the total size of the building. According to Diodorus, the columns' grooves could easily house a man; their height has been estimated from 14.5 to 19.2 meters. Each stood on a five-stepped platform approximately 4.5 m above the ground. The enclosure occupied a large basement with a five-step crepidoma. The front of the temple had seven semi-columns, an archaic feature that precluded the addition of a central door. The long sides had fourteen semi-columns.

Unlike other temples of the time, the outer columns did not stand on their own as a freestanding peristyle but were engaged against a continuous curtain wall needed to support the immense weight of its entablature. In between the columns were colossal atlases, stone figures standing some 7.5 m high. The figures appear to have alternated between bearded and clean-shaven figures, all nude and standing with their backs to the wall and hands stretched above their heads.

The exact positioning of the atlases has been the subject of some archaeological debate, but it is generally believed that they stood on a recessed ledge on the upper part of the outer wall, bearing the weight of the upper portion of the temple on their upheld hands. One of the fallen atlases has been assembled in the nearby archaeological museum and a replica can be seen on the ground among the ruins of the temple. Attempts to make a detailed reconstruction of the atlases' original appearance have been hampered by their poor condition; they are heavily eroded and all of their feet appear to be missing.

The atlases are an exceptionally unusual feature, and may possibly have been unique in their time. They have been interpreted by some as symbolising the Greek enslavement of the Carthaginian invaders, or have even been attributed to Egyptian influences. Joseph Rykwert comments that "the sheer size of the temple seems to confirm the reputed extravagance of the Akragans, their love of display."

The presence of windows between the columns is not confirmed. The cell was formed by a wall connecting twelve pilasters on each long side, the angular ones enclosing the *pronaos* and the *episthodomos*. The entrance to the *cella* was provided by an unknown number of doors. The interior was inspired by Phoenician-Carthaginian architecture: it comprised an immense triple-aisled hall of pillars, the middle of which was open to the sky. The roof was probably never completed, though the pediments had a full complement of marble sculptures. The eastern end, according to Diodorus Siculus' enthusiast description, displayed a Gigantomachy, while the western end depicted the fall of Troy, again symbolising the Greeks' triumph over their barbarian rivals.

In front of the eastern façade is the pilastered basement of the huge high altar, measuring 54,50 x 17,50 m.

## InfoBox

| Temple of Olympian Zeus | |
| --- | --- |
| Model of the Temple of Olympian Zeus in the Archaeological Museum, Agrigento | |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Architectural style | Doric |
| Location | Agrigento, Sicily |
| Coordinates | 37°17′27″N 13°35′4″E / 37.29083°N 13.58444°E / 37.29083; 13.58444 |
| Construction started | 480 BC ? |
| Technical details | |
| Size | Length : 112.70 metres (370 ft)
Width : 56.30 metres (185 ft)
Height : 20 metres (66 ft) |


title: Telus Spark Science Centre

abstract: TELUS Spark Science Centre is a science museum with interactive exhibits, multimedia presentations and educational demonstrations in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. There are more than 430,000 visitors annually, including over 82,000 students. The science museum was established in 1987 as the Calgary Science Centre. The science centre was later re-branded Telus World of Science – Calgary in 2005. In 2011, the science centre moved locations from the former Centennial Planetarium to the Nose Creek Valley. The science centre was re-branded as Telus Spark during the move.

text:
# Telus Spark Science Centre

**TELUS Spark Science Centre** is a science museum with interactive exhibits, multimedia presentations and educational demonstrations in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. There are more than 430,000 visitors annually, including over 82,000 students.

The science museum was established in 1987 as the **Calgary Science Centre**. The science centre was later re-branded **Telus World of Science – Calgary** in 2005. In 2011, the science centre moved locations from the former Centennial Planetarium to the Nose Creek Valley. The science centre was re-branded as Telus Spark during the move.

## History

The science centre originally opened as the Calgary Centennial Planetarium on July 1, 1967. In 1983 the Calgary Science Centre Society began a bid to bring a science centre to Calgary and in 1987 they received an operating agreement that would transform the planetarium into the Calgary Science Centre.

The Calgary Science Centre was renamed Telus World of Science – Calgary after a $9 Million donation from Telus Corporation on April 27, 2005.

The original site, located on 11 Street SW in Calgary's Downtown West End, closed on June 27, 2011, and was replaced by a new science centre called Telus Spark. The new science centre is located on a 15-acre (61,000 m2) site at 220 St. Georges Drive NE in Nose Creek Valley, north of the Wilder Institute/Calgary Zoo. Telus Spark opened on October 29, 2011.

### COVID-19 crisis

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, Telus Spark was awarded $381,414 by the Government of Canada to promote uptake of COVID-19 vaccines among indigenous youth, communities and leaders using online education and hip hop music.

## InfoBox

TELUS Spark Science Centre
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location in Calgary | |
| Former name | TELUS World of Science (2005-2011) |
| Established | October 29, 2011 |
| Location | 220 St. George's Drive NE, Calgary, Alberta |
| Coordinates | 51°03′14″N 114°01′29″W / 51.053899°N 114.024611°W / 51.053899; -114.024611 |
| Type | Science museum |
| Visitors | 431,262 (2016) |
| Website | https://www.sparkscience.ca |