title: Shiro Takatani

abstract:
Shiro Takatani is a Japanese artist. He currently lives and works in Kyoto.
Co-founder and visual creator of the group Dumb Type since 1984, he also became artistic director of the group from 1995 and also started an active solo career in 1998.

text:
# Shiro Takatani

**Shiro Takatani** (高谷 史郎, *Takatani Shiro*, born October 15, 1963 in Nara) is a Japanese artist. He currently lives and works in Kyoto. Co-founder and visual creator of the group Dumb Type since 1984, he also became artistic director of the group from 1995 and also started an active solo career in 1998.

## Biography

### Dumb Type

Graduated from Kyoto City University of Arts, Shiro Takatani co-founded Dumb Type in 1984 with other students from different sections of the university, including Teiji Furuhashi, Toru Koyamada, Yukihiro Hozumi, Misako Yabuuchi and Hiromasa Tomari.

Dumb Type began touring around the world and got recognition with their multidisciplinary shows *Pleasure Life* (1988), and *pH* (1990–1995) and *S/N* (1992–1996)

After the death of the artistic director Teiji Furuhashi in 1995, some members left the company, while new ones joined it, as the composer Ryoji Ikeda. They continued working under Shiro Takatani's direction and created the performances *OR* (1997–1999), *memorandum* (1999–2003), *Voyage* (2002–2009), and the related installations *OR* (1997), *Cascade* (2000), *Voyages* (2002) and *MEMORANDUM OR VOYAGE* (2014). A new performance *2020* was staged by Takatani and the new members of Dumb Type without audience in Kyoto during covid 19 pandemic and in 2022 Dumb Type represented Japan at the Venice Biennale.

### Solo Projects

Alongside his activities within Dumb Type, Takatani has created a number of installations and performances under his own name.

Since his first installation *frost frames*, created at Canon Artlab in 1998, Takatani has been invited by museums, festivals and theatres worldwide.

Among others, he was commissioned by the Natural History Museum of Latvia in Riga to create two video installations: *Ice Core* and *Snow Crystal / fiber optic type*, for the group exhibition "Conversations with Snow and Ice", dedicated to Ukichiro Nakaya' scientific work on snow and ice, in 2005. This exhibition was one of the nominees for the Descartes Award for Excellence in the Explanation of Scientific phenomena in 2007).

The following year he was hosted in residence in Australia and presented the installation *Chrono* in Melbourne, as part of the Australia-Japan exchange program "Rapt! 20 Contemporary Artists from Japan", commissioned by the Japan Foundation.

He also joined the three-week British expedition "Cape Farewell" (a cultural response to climate change) in the Arctic, with scientists, writers, journalists and other artists from different countries. The related group exhibition was presented at the National Museum of Emerging Science and Innovation in Tokyo, in 2008.

His more recent creations include the laser installation *Silence* (2012), commissioned by Radar, Loughborough University Arts, the fog installation *Composition* (2013) for the Sharjah Biennial in the United Arab Emirates and one of the first animation artworks for the 3D WATER MATRIX, inaugurated at the exhibition "Robotic Art" at the Cité des sciences et de l'industrie in Paris, in 2014.

Some of his installations are part of permanent collections of museums, for example *Camera lucida* (2004) and *Toposcan / Ireland 2013* at the Tokyo Metropolitan Museum of Photography and *optical flat / fiber optic type* (2000) at the National Museum of Art in Osaka.

In 2013, the Tokyo Metropolitan Museum of Photography presented *Camera lucida*, a dedicated exhibition with a wide range of the video and photographic artworks, he created both as solo artist and artistic director of Dumb Type.

Another solo exhibition, held at the Kodama Gallery in Tokyo in 2014, featured his photographic series *Topograph* and *frost frame Europe 1987*.

Takatani also created and directed three theatre/dance performances: *La chambre claire* (2008), referring to Roland Barthes's essay *la camera lucida*, *CHROMA* (2012), inspired by Derek Jarman's *Chroma: A Book of Color*, with original music by Simon Fisher Turner, and *ST/LL* (2015) in which he is exploring how to consider the micromeasure of time and whether "art or science can ever truly express this hourglass world".

### Collaboration Projects

Shiro Takatani has collaborated with musicians, choreographers and other artists from many disciplines.

In 1990, he participated with Akira Asada in the art project *Stadsmarkeringen Groningen - Marking the City Boundaries*, led by architect Daniel Libeskind for the 950th anniversary of the City of Groningen in the Netherlands.

In 1998, he was commissioned by Art Zoyd and the Lille National Orchestra to create video images for a piece of the first cycle of *Dangerous Visions*, a project combining symphonic music, new musical technologies and images.

At this period, composer Ryuichi Sakamoto noticed Takatani's work and asked him to undertake the visual direction of his opera *LIFE*, created in 1999. This marked the start of a fruitful collaboration between the two artists. They co-created later, in 2007, the installation *LIFE - fluid, invisible, inaudible ...* at Yamaguchi Center for Arts and Media \[YCAM\] (as well as an updated version in 2013), *silent spins* with sound designer Seigen Ono at the Museum of Contemporary Art in Tokyo in 2012. They also participated together in three performances directed by Moriaki Watanabe: *Project Mallarmé I, II and III*, combining text, music, theatre and dance, at the Kyoto Performing Arts Center - Shunjuza, from 2010 to 2012. During 2013–2014, they presented in Yamaguchi Center for Arts and Media \[YCAM\], on the occasion of its 10th anniversary, their performance *LIFE WELL* (with the participation of Noh actor Mansai Nomura), an installation with the same title and a new one: *water state 1*. Furthermore, Takatani was the visual director for Sakamoto's project *Forest Symphony* in 2013 and they collaborated again for a special version of *LIFE-WELL*, commissioned for the 20th anniversary of the Park Hyatt in Tokyo, in 2014. Other collaborations with Sakamoto include the installations *PLANKTON - A Drifting World at the Origin of Life* (2016), based on photographs by French biologist Christian Sardet, *async* (2017) and the theatrical performance *TIME* (2021). This "wordless opera" , featuring dancer and actor Min Tanaka and shô player Mayumi Miyata was inspired by the first story from Soseki Natsume’s collection of short stories *Ten Nights of Dreams*.

Since his first collaboration with fog sculptor Fujiko Nakaya at the 1st International Biennial of Valencia in 2001, for the outdoor installation *IRIS* at the port of the city, Takatani co-signed two more large-scale installations with her: *CLOUD FOREST* (2010), inside and around the Yamaguchi Center for Arts and Media \[YCAM\], and a fog sculpture in the Asuka Historical National Park in Nara.

Among other collaborations, he contributed in the exhibition *Kichizaemon X* (2012–2013), consisting of images screened on potters made by Raku Kichizaemon XV at Sagawa Art Museum, and he co-signed the 4K video installation *Mars* with Xavier Barral, for the international festival of photography Kyotographie at the Museum of Kyoto.

He also co-created several performances with Noh actor Mansai Nomura: *Sanbaso / Eclipse* and *Boléro*, both performed at the MOT - Museum of Contemporary Art Tokyo), and *Aoi no ue*, *The Double Shadow*, directed by Watanabe Moriaki, at the Kyoto Performing Arts Center - Syunjuza.

Takatani's works were presented, among others, at the GREC festival in Barcelona, the Martin-Gropius-Bau in Berlin, Kwai Tsing Theatre in Hong Kong, Israel Museum in Jerusalem, ZKM, Lille 2004 - European Capital of Culture, Royal Academy of Arts and Tate in London, Musée d'art contemporain de Lyon, Festival de Otoño in Madrid, Centre Pompidou, Fondation Cartier pour l’art contemporain in Paris, Romaeuropa festival / MACRO in Rome, Power Station of Art, Shanghai, Sharjah Art Foundation, Singapore International Festival of Arts, National Theater & Concert Hall in Taipei, Museum of Contemporary Art Tokyo, NTT InterCommunication Center - ICC and New National Theatre Tokyo, Yamaguchi Center for Arts and Media \[YCAM\].

In 2015, Takatani received the 65th Prize of Fine Arts (Media Art) from the Ministry of Education of Japan and the Kyoto Prefecture Cultural Award in 2019.

## Works

### Installations

* *Toposcan/Tokyo* (2020), commissioned by Tokyo Photographic Art Museum
* *Black to Light* (2019), in-store installation, Hermès Paris
* *Toposcan / Baden-Württemberg* (2016), commissioned by ZKM Karlsruhe
* *MEMORANDUM OR VOYAGE* \- Dumb Type (2014), commissioned by the Museum of Contemporary Art Tokyo
* *ST\LL*, a liquid animation for the 3D WATER MATRIX (2014)
* *Toposcan/Morocco* (2014)
* *Toposcan/Ireland* (2013)
* *frost frame Europe 1987* (2013)
* *mirror type k2* (2013)
* *Composition* (2013)
* *silence* (2012)
* *photo-gene* (2007)
* *Chrono* (2006), commissioned by the Japan Foundation as part of Australia-Japan exchange program "Rapt! 20 Contemporary Artists from Japan"
* *Ice Core* (2005), commissioned by the Natural History Museum of Latvia, Riga, as part of "Conversations with Snow and Ice" exhibition
* *Snow Crystal / fiber optic type* (2005), commissioned by the Natural History Museum of Latvia, Riga, as part of "Conversations with Snow and Ice" exhibition
* *Camera Lucida* (2004), permanent collection of Tokyo Metropolitan Museum of Photography
* *optical flat / fiber optic type* (2000), permanent collection of the National Museum of Art, Osaka
* *frost frames* (1998)

### Performances

* *ST/LL* (2015), co-produced by Le Volcan - Scène Nationale du Havre, France, Biwako Hall - Center for the Performing Arts, Shiga, Japan, and Fondazione Campania dei Festival – Napoli Teatro Festival Italia
* *CHROMA* \- concert version (2013)
* *CHROMA* (2012), co-produced by Biwako Hall - Center for the Performing Arts, Shiga
* *La chambre claire* (2008), co-produced by Theater der Welt 2008

### Collaboration works

* Ryuichi Sakamoto + Shiro Takatani: *TIME*, theatrical performance (2021)
* Fujiko Nakaya + Shiro Takatani: *Chronotope in the City of Fog*, fog installation (2020)
* Ryuichi Sakamoto + Shiro Takatani: *Fragments*, visual concert launching Singapore International Festival of Arts (2019)
* Fujiko Nakaya: *Fog x FLO*, fog installation (2018)
* Ryuichi Sakamoto: *dis.play*, visual concert (2018)
* *Glenn Gould Gathering* (2017)
* Ryuichi Sakamoto: *IS YOUR TIME* exhibition (2017)
* Ryuichi Sakamoto: *Artists Studio*, visual concert (2017)
* Ryuichi Sakamoto: *async* exhibition (2017)
* *London Fog #03779*, fog installation with Fujiko Nakaya + Ryuichi Sakamoto + Min Tanaka at the Tate Modern London (2017)
* Sayuri Yoshinaga + Ryuichi Sakamoto: *For Peace*, charity concert (2016)
* *Toposcan/Mozuyaguro - Rokyo* with Raku Kichizaemon XV + Chojiro (2016)
* *Le Soulier de satin* by Paul Claudel, directed by Moriaki Watanabe (2016)
* *PLANKTON - A Drifting World at the Origine of Life*: installation with Christian Sardet and Ryuichi Sakamoto (2016)
* *Aoi no ue* / *L'ombre double* (2014), visual direction for the performance directed by Moriaki Watanabe (Kyoto Performing Arts Center - Syunjuza)
* *LIFE-WELL Park Hyatt version* (2014), fog and sound installation in collaboration with Ryuichi Sakamoto, at Park Hyatt Tokyo
* *ST\LL*, First artwork for the 3D Water Matrix (2014), Merit CODAawards Winner 2015 - category "Institutional" in 2015
* *Mars* (2014), installation in collaboration with Xavier Barral
* *Sanbaso / Eclipse* (2014), with Mansai Nomura, commissioned by the Museum of Contemporary Art Tokyo
* *Boléro* (2014), with Mansai Nomura, commissioned by the Museum of Contemporary Art Tokyo
* *LIFE - fluid, invisible, inaudible ...* (2013), ver.2, installation with Ryuichi Sakamoto, commissioned by Yamaguchi Center for Arts and Media \[YCAM\]
* *water state 1* (2013), installation with Ryuichi Sakamoto
* *LIFE-WELL* (2013), installation with Ryuichi Sakamoto
* *Forest Symphony* (2013), visual direction for the project by Ryuichi Sakamoto
* *LIFE-WELL* (2013), Nô and Kyôgen performance in collaboration with Ryuichi Sakamoto and Mansai Nomura
* *Mallarmé Project III* (2012), visual direction for the performance by Moriaki Watanabe
* *silence spins* (2012), installation with Ryuichi Sakamoto + Seigen Ono
* *collapsed* (2012), installation with Ryuichi Sakamoto
* *Kichizaemon X* (2012), installation with Raku Kichizaemon XV
* Asuka Art Project (2011), lighting design for the fog installation by Fujiko Nakaya
* *Mallarmé Project II - Igitur* (2011), visual direction for the performance by Moriaki Watanabe
* *Mallarmé Project* (2010), visual direction for the performance by Moriaki Watanabe
* *CLOUD FOREST* (2010), installation with Fujiko Nakaya, commissioned by Yamaguchi Center for Arts and Media \[YCAM\]
* *This is how you will disappear*, video direction for the performance by Gisèle Vienne at Festival d'Avignon
* Keiichiro Shibuya playing piano solo, Shiro Takatani playing visuals (2009)
* *LIFE-fluid, invisible, inaudible ...* (2007), installation with Ryuichi Sakamoto, commissioned by Yamaguchi Center for Arts and Media \[YCAM\]
* Live with Softpad (2007), special creation at Espace Sculfort in Maubeuge and Maison des Arts de Créteil
* Garden Live with Ryuichi Sakamoto (2007) at Daitokuji-temple, Kyoto
* Live with Rei Harakami (2006) at Liquidroom, Tokyo, Sonar Sound Tokyo
* Live with Rei Harakami (2005) at Kyoto University Seibu-Kodo Hall and SONAR, Barcelona
* Garden Live with Ryuichi Sakamoto (2005) at Honen-in, Kyoto
* Live with Rei Harakami (2004) at Namura Art Meeting, Osaka and Sonar Sound Tokyo 2004
* *IRIS* (2001), installation with Fujiko Nakaya, commissioned by the 1st Biennial of Valencia
* *LIFE* (1999), visual direction for the opera by Ryuichi Sakamoto
* *Dangerous Visions* (1998), visual creation for the project by Art Zoyd and Orchestre National de Lille

## Exhibitions and Performances

### Solo exhibitions

**2020**

* *BLACK TO LIGHT*, in-store installation, Ginza Maison Hermès, Tokyo

**2019-2020**

* *Dumb Type : ACTIONS+REFLEXIONS*, MOT - Museum of Contemporary Art Tokyo
* *BLACK TO LIGHT*, in-store installation, Hermes Paris
* *Topograph/Toposcan*, Kodama Gallery Tokyo

**2018**

* *Dumb Type : ACTIONS+REFLEXIONS*, Centre Pompidou-Metz

**2016**

* *Toposcan/Baden-Württemberg* (2016), permanent collection, ZKM Karlsruhe

**2014**

* *Topograph* and *frost frame Europe 1987*, Kodama Gallery, Tokyo

**2013**

* *Camera Lucida*, Tokyo Photographic Art Museum
* *LIFE-WELL installation*, Noda-jinja shrine (outdoor), Yamaguchi

**2007**

* *photo-gene*, Kodama Gallery, Tokyo

**2004**

* *Camera Lucida - experimental studies*, Kodama Gallery, Osaka

**2001**

* *frost frames*, Chapelle des Carmélites, Toulouse

**2000**

* *frost frames*, Kyoto Art Center, Kyoto
* *optical flat / fiber optic type*, Kodama Gallery, Osaka

### Group exhibitions

**2023**

* *DIMENSIONS - Digital Art Since 1859* / Pittlerwerke, Leipzig, organised by Stiftung für Kunst und Kultur e.V., curated by Richard Castelli with Dan Xu and Clara Blume.

**2021**

* *Ryuichi Sakamoto + Shiro Takatani: IS YOUR TIME - TPE* / Taipei Music Center, Taipei
* *Ryuichi Sakamoto + Shiro Takatani: seeing sound, hearing time* / M WOODS Museum, Beijing

**2020**

* *Ryuichi Sakamoto + Shiro Takatani - water state 1* / Yamaguchi Center for Arts and Media (YCAM), Yamaguchi
* *Yebisu International Festival for Art & Alternative Visions 2020: The Imagination of Time* / Tokyo Metropolitan Museum of Photography, Tokyo

**2018**

* *MeCA | Media Culture in Asia: A Transnational Platform*, The Japan Foundation Asia Center, Tokyo

**2017**

* *3D Water Matrix* / VIA Festival, Le Manège - Scène Nationale de Maubeuge
* *Visions 2017* / Les Halles de Schaerbeek, Brussels
* *Body Media II* / Power Station of Art, Shanghai
* *Digitalife 8* / Romaeuropa Festival, Rome
* *Reenacting History Collective Actions and Everyday Gestures* / National Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art (Dumb Type)
* *Polar Patterns | Art and Antarctica* / RMIT Project Space Gallery, Melbourne

**2016**

* *Digitalife 7* / Romaeuropa MACRO Testaccio - La Pelanda, Rome
* *Le Grand Orchestre des Animaux* / Fondation Cartier pour l'art contemporain, Paris
* *GLOBALE: New Sensorium* / ZKM, Karlsruhe

**2015**

* *Open Space* / NTT InterCommunication Center \[ICC\], Tokyo

**2014**

* *Seeking New Genealogies — Bodies / Leaps / Traces* / Museum of Contemporary Art, Tokyo
* *City and Nature* / Sapporo International Art Festival, Hokkaido Museum of Modern Art, Sapporo
* *Kyotographie - international photography festival* / The Museum of Kyoto Annex
* *Art Robotique* / Cité des sciences et de l'industrie, Paris

**2013**

* *ART-ENVIRONMENT-LIFE* \- YCAM 10th Anniversary, Yamaguchi Center for Arts and Media \[YCAM\]
* *Re:emerge, Towards a New Cultural Cartography* \- Sharjah Biennial 11 / Sharjah Art Foundation New Art Spaces, Sharjah
* *Kichizaemon X*, special exhibition "teahouse of light" / Sagawa Art Museum, Shiga
* Kyotographie - international photography festival / Saigyo-an, Kyoto

**2012**

* *AfterGold* / Radar, Loughborough University
* *Kichizaemon X: Takatani Shiro + the 15th Raku Kichizaemon* / Sagawa Art Museum, Shiga
* *Art & Music - Search for New Synesthesia* / Museum of Contemporary Art Tokyo, Tokyo

**2011**

* *Matière-Lumière* / Le 360, Bethune

**2010**

* *Digital Life* / Romaeuropa, La Pelanda-MACRO, Rome
* Yebisu International Festival for Art & Alternative Visions / Tokyo Metropolitan Museum of Photography, Tokyo

**2009**

* *Ecology and Art – Thinking About the Earth Through Art: From Nearby to Far Away* / Gunma Museum of Art, Tatebayashi
* *A Blow to the Everyday* / Osage Gallery, Hong Kong
* *Earth: Art of a changing world* / Royal Academy of Arts, London

**2008**

* *Cape Farewell* / National Museum of Emerging Science and Innovation, Tokyo
* *Light InSight* / NTT InterCommunication Center \[ICC\], Tokyo

**2007**

* *Vom Funken zum Pixel* / Martin-Gropius-Bau, Berlin

**2006**

* *Rapt! 20 contemporary artists from Japan* / Westspace, Melbourne

**2005**

* *Conversations with Snow and Ice* / The Natural History Museum of Latvia, Riga
* *Rising Sun, Melting Moon* / The Israel Museum, Jerusalem

**2003**

* *Cyber Asia – media art in the near future* / Hiroshima City Museum of Contemporary Art, Hiroshima
* Lille 2004 – European Capital of Culture, Lille

**2001**

* *media messages: look thru language* / Sendai mediatheque, Sendai
* *AFTER-IMAGE* / The National Museum of Art, Osaka

**2000**

* Musiques en Scène Festival / Musée d'art contemporain de Lyon
* EXIT Festival / Maison des Arts de Créteil
* VIA Festival / Le Manège - Théâtre du Manège, Maubeuge

**1998**

* ARTLAB 4 / Spiral Garden, Tokyo

**1990**

* *Stadsmarkering - Groningen / Marking the City Boundaries* (master plan Daniel Libeskind), Groningen

### Public collections

* *optical flat / fiber optic type* (2000), The National Museum of Art, Osaka
* *Toposcan – Ireland* (2013), Tokyo Metropolitan Museum of Photography, Tokyo
* *Camera Lucida* (2004), Tokyo Metropolitan Museum of Photography, Tokyo

### Tours (performances)

**2019**

* *ST/LL*, Leisure and Cultural Services Department, Kwai Tsing Theatre, Hong Kong
* *ST/LL*, Singapore International Festival of Arts

**2018**

* *ST/LL*, New National Theatre Tokyo

**2017**

* *ST/LL*, National Performing Arts Center, National Theater & Concert Hall, Taipei
* *CHROMA*, One Dance Week Festival, Plovdiv

**2016**

* *ST/LL*, Napoli Teatro Festival 2016 - Teatro Politeama, Naples
* *CHROMA*, New National Theatre Tokyo
* *ST/LL*, Biwako Hall - Center for the Performing Arts, Shiga

**2015**

* *ST/LL*, Les Halles de Schaerbeek, Brussels
* *ST/LL*, Le Volcan - Scène Nationale du Havre, Le Havre

**2014**

* *CHROMA*, SIAF - Sapporo International Art Festival

**2013**

* *CHROMA*, Festival de Marseille
* *CHROMA* concert version, SonarSound Tokyo

**2012**

* *CHROMA*, Biwako Hall - Center for the Performing Arts, Shiga
* *La chambre claire*, New National Theatre, Tokyo

**2010**

* *La Càmera Lúcida*, GREC Festival, Barcelone
* *La chambre claire*, Festival de Marseille
* *La chambre claire*, Biwako Hall - Center for the Performing Arts, Shiga

**2009**

* *La Cámara Lúcida*, Festival de Otoño, Madrid

**2008**

* *Die Helle Kammer*, Theater der Welt, Halle

## Discography

* *Teiji Furuhashi + Toru Yamanaka + Dumb Type - Works Vol. 01* (Triple CD, 2005). Foil Records FR-008/3
* *memorandum* \- Dumb Type (CD, 2000). CCI Recording CCI001
* *OR* \- Dumb Type (CD, 1998). Foil Records DTOR
* *S/N* (CD, 1998). Les Disques du Soleil et de l'Acier C-DSA 54056
* *Remix* \- Dumb Type (mini CD, 1997). Foil Records FS001
* *teiji furuhashi / dumb type 1985–1994* (CD, 1996). Foil Records ML8852008
* *Hotel Pro Forma, Dumb Type, Diller-Scofidio - Monkey Business Class* (CD, 1996). no label. Audio document of a collaboration between Hotel Pro Forma, Dumb Type, Elizabeth Diller, Ricardo Scofidio and Willie Flindt.
* *S/N* \- Dumb Type (CD, 1995). Newsic 30CE-N022

## Videography

* *memorandum* (DVD, 2009). Dumb Type's performance recorded in 2000. Commmons RZBM46410
* *OR* (DVD, 2009). Dumb Type's performance recorded in 1998. Commmons RZBM46409
* *LIFE-fluid, invisible, inaudible ...* (DVD, 2008). Ryuichi Sakamoto + Shiro Takatani. Commmons RZBM-46410
* *OR* (VHS, 1998). Dumb Type's performance recorded in 1997. Euro Space ESV-034
* *pH* (VHS, 1992). Dumb Type performance recorded in 1991. Euro Space ESV-033

## Awards

* Kyoto Prefecture Cultural Award (2019)
* "65th Prize of Fine Arts" (Art media) from the Ministry of Education of Japan (2015)
* "Merit CODAawards Winner 2015" (Institutional) for the 3D Water Matrix featuring Takatani's special artwork (2015)
* "Sole d'Ora" / TTVV Riccione (Italy) for Dumb Type video *pH* (1992)
* "Best Stage Recording / Studio Adaptation" / IMZ - Alter Oper, Dance Screen '92 Frankfurt (Germany) for Dumb Type video *pH* (1992)

## Bibliography

### Books

* *Beyond the Display, Phenomenal Art and Design in the 21st Century*, Mika Iwasaka (2015). \[Shiro Takatani - *CHROMA*, pp. 144–145, Ryuichi Sakamoto + Shiro Takatani - *water state 1*, pp. 174–175\]. Ed. BNN, inc. ISBN 978-4-86100-951-8
* *From Postwar to Postmodern, Art in Japan, 1945–1989: Primary Documents* (MoMa Primary Documents), Doryun Chong, Michio Hayashi, Fumihiko Sumitomo, Kenji Kajiya (editors) (2012). The Museum of Modern Art, New York. Ed. Duke University Press Books. ISBN 978-0-8223-5368-3
* *LIFE -TXT, Ryuichi Sakamoto + Shiro Takatani* (2010). Ed. NTT Publishing. ISBN 978-4-7571-7042-1
* *Seeing Witness: Visuality and the Ethics of Testimony*, Jane Blocker (2009). \[*Machine Memory: Digital Witness in Dumb Type's memorandum*, pp. 61–84\]. Ed. The University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 978-0-8166-5477-2
* *Art And Electronic Media*, Edward A. Shanken (2009). \[pp. 148–149\]. Ed. Phaidon
* *Performing Japan: Contemporary Expressions of Cultural Identity* (2008). \[Yuji Sone, *Internalizing Digital Phenomena: The performing' body at the intersection of Japanese culture and technology*, pp. 273–294\]. Ed. Global Oriental. ISBN 978-1-905246-31-1
* *Digital Performance: A History of New Media in Theater, Dance, Performance Art, and Installation*, Steve Dixon (2007). \[pp. 13, 60, 524, 661, 228–230, 547–548, 226–227, 60–61, 227–228\]. Ed. The MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-04235-2
* *Susan Sontag, Beyond the radical will* (2006). \[*Shiro Takatani x Ryuichi Sakamoto*, pp. 121–136\]. Ed. Kyoto University of Art and Design + Mitsumura Suiko Shoin. ISBN 4-8381-8001-2
* *Dumb Type : OR*, flipbook (2004). Ed. Lille 2004 European Capital of Culture
* *Anomalie\_digital arts n°2 : Digital Performance* (Dec 2001/Jan 2002). \[Keiko Courdy, *Dumb Type: Un corps interface entre signal et noise*, pp. 164–181\]. Ed. HYX.
* *Icc Documents 1997–2000* (2001). \[*Dumb Type performance OR*, pp. 86–95\]. Ed. NTT Publishing. ISBN 978-4-7571-0049-7
* *memorandum – teiji furuhashi*, Dumb Type (2000). Teiji Furuhashi's texts compiled by Dumb Type. Ed. Little More. ISBN 4-89815-038-1
* *Half a Century of Japanese Theater: 1990s Part 2* (2000). Ed. Kinokuniya Company Ltd. ISBN 4-314-10139-3
* *Information Design, series 6* (2000). \[Toru Koyamada, *Dumb Type*, pp. 58–69\]. Ed. Kadokawa Shoten Publishing. ISBN 4-04-651406-X
* *ICC Concept Book - Exploring the Future of the Imagination* (1997). \[*Dumb Type : installation OR*, pp. 84–89\]. Ed. NTT Publishing Co., Ltd. ASIN: B005QCKVW4
* *Annual InterCommunication '95*, InterCommunication Center (1995). \[Takaaki Kumakura, *The Performance Art of Dumb Type*, pp. 48–55, Akira Asada *Dying Pictures, Loving Pictures*\]. Ed. NTT Publishing Co., Ltd. ASIN: B00TH6Q7HS
* *Dumb Type : pHase* (1993). Ed. Wacoal Art Center, Tokyo
* *Stadsmarkering – Groningen, Marking the City Boundaries: The Books of Groningen*, Paul Hefting and Camiel van Winkel (1990). \[R: Akira Asada & Shiro Takatani, pp. 91–107\]. Ed. Groningen: City Planning Department. ISBN 978-90-800606-1-6
* *Plan for Sleep* (1986). Cassette book. Ed. Dumb Type
* *Every Dog Has his Day* (1985). Cassette book. Ed. Dumb Type

### Catalogues of exhibitions

* *18th Japan Media Arts Festival Award-Winning Works* (2015). \[*Art Division - What Are Media Arts (Media Geijutsu): Shiro Takatani*\].
* *Art robotique* (2014). Artistic curator Richard Castelli. Cité des sciences et de l'industrie / Art Book Magazine. ISBN 978-2-8216-0062-1
* *17th Japan Media Arts Festival Award-Winning Works* (2013). \[Art Division - *In Pursuit of Art Piercing the Depths of Consciousness: Shiro Takatani*\].
* *16th Japan Media Arts Festival Award-Winning Works* (2013). \[Art Division - *Media Art, Inseparable from Its Epoch: Shiro Takatani*\].
* *Camera Lucida*, Takatani Shiro (2013). Tokyo Metropolitan Museum of Photography.
* *Kyotographie - international photography festival* (2014). \[*Mars, a photographic exploration*, pp. 10–21\]. ISBN 978-4-905333-04-3
* *Kyotographie - international photography festival* (2013). \[pp. 48–53\]. ISBN 978-4-573-03022-0
* *Kichizaemon X*, Raku Kichizaemon + Takatani Shiro (2012). Sagawa Art Museum.
* *Art & Music – Search for New Synesthesia* (2012). General Advisor Ryuichi Sakamoto, Chief Curator: Yuko Hasegawa. \[*Ono Seigen + Sakamoto Ryuichi + Takatani Shiro*, pp. 98–101\], \[*Sakamoto Ryuichi + Takatani Shiro*, pp. 134–136\]. Museum of Contemporary Art Tokyo. ISBN 978-4-8459-1207-0
* *Matière-Lumière* (2011). Curator Richard Castelli. \[*Ryuichi Sakamoto + Shiro Takatani*, pp. 118–127\]. Béthune 2011 Capitale Régionale de la Culture.
* *Yebisu International Festival for Art & Alternative Visions 2010: Searching Songs*, Keiko Okamura, Hiroko Tasaka, Masako Immaki, Jiro Iio (2010). Curator Keiko OKAMURA. Tokyo Metropolitan Museum of Photography.
* *U-n-f-o-l-d: A Cultural Response to Climate Change*, David Buckland, Chris Wainwright (2010). \[pp. 92–95\]. Springer Wien New York. ISBN 978-3-7091-0220-6
* *Ecology and Art - Thinking About the Earth Through Art: From Nearby to Far Away* (2009). \[pp. 20–21, 37\]. Gunma Museum of Art, Tatebayashi
* *Vom Funken zum Pixel* (2007). Curator Richard Castelli. Berliner Festspiele / Martin-Gropius-Bau Berlin. \[Shiro Takatani : *Camera Lucida*, *Chrono*\]. Nicolai. ISBN 978-3-89479-434-7
* *Body Media* (2007). Curators Richard Castelli and Gong Yan. \[pp. 136–145\]. O Art Center
* *LIFE-fluid, invisible, inaudible ... , Sakamoto Ryuichi + Takatani Shiro* (2007). NTT Publishing Co., Ltd. ISBN 978-4-7571-7036-0
* *Rapt! : 20 contemporary artists from Japan* (2006). Curators Yukihiro Hirayoshi, Shihoko Iida, Fumihiko Sumitomo. \[*Takatani Shiro in conversation with Philip Brophy*, pp. 130–133, 186–189\]. The Japan Foundation - Kokusai Koryu Kikin
* *Conversations with Snow and Ice* (2005). \[p. 45\]. The Natural History Museum of Latvia
* *Cinémas du Futur* (2004). Lille 2004 European Capital of Culture. Curator Richard Castelli. \[Dumb Type: *\[OR\] installation*, pp. 28–29\], \[Shiro Takatani: *frost frames*, pp. 78–79\]. Lille2004. ISBN 90-76704-61-9
* *Cyber Asia – media art in the near future* (2003). Hiroshima City Museum of Contemporary Art. \[pp. 69–74\]. ISBN 4-939105-08-3
* *Dumb Type: Voyages*, Minoru Hatanaka, Yukiko Shikata, Akira Asada (2002). NTT InterCommunication Center \[ICC\]. NTT Publishing Co. Ltd. ISBN 4-7571-7019-X
* *The 1st Valencia Biennial: Communication between the Arts*, Luigi Settembrini (editor) (2002). \[Fujiko Nakaya + Shiro Takatani\]. Charta. ISBN 978-88-8158-336-2
* *Gendai: Japanese Contemporary Art - Between the Body and Space* (2000). The Centre of Contemporary Art, Ujazdowski Castle, Warsaw and The Japan Foundation. \[pp. 76–81\]
* *vision.ruhr Kunst Medien Interaktion auf der Zeche Zollern Dortmund* (2000). Museen der Stadt Dortmund. \[pp. 176–179\]
* *Stanze e segreti* (2000). Skira, Geneva-Milan. \[pp. 70–85\]
* *Musiques en Scène* (2000) Musée d'Art Contemporain de Lyon. \[pp. 8–15\]
* *Donai Yanen! Et maintenant ! La création contemporaine au Japon* (1998). École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts, Paris. \[pp. 202–207\]
* *Japanese Art After 1945: Scream Against the Sky* (1994). Curator Alexandra Munroe. The Guggenheim Museum and San Francisco Museum of Modern Art and The Japan Foundation. Harry N. Abrams, Inc. \[pp. 305, 343, 358–359, 404\]
* *Japanese Art After 1945: Scream Against the Sky* (1994). Curator Alexandra Munroe. Yokohama Museum of Art. \[p. 184\]
* *Binaera: 14 Interaktionen - Kunst und Technologie* (1993), Kunsthalle Wien, \[*Dumb Type*, pp. 57–65, 160–163\]
* *Dumb Type : pH catalogue* (1993). Wacoal Art Center, Tokyo
* *L'ère binaire : nouvelles interactions - Musée communal d'Ixelles*, Charles Hirsch, Michel Baudson et Ludion (1992), Brussels. \[*Dumb Type* by Barbara London, pp. 57–65, 160–163\]. Ludion
* *Mito Annual '93 Another World* (1992). Art Tower Mito Contemporary Art Gallery \[*Dumb Type*, pp. 86–89\], \[*Yuko Hasegawa, Dumb Type*, pp. 117–119\]. ISBN 4-943825-12-5
* *Zones of Love — Contemporary Art From Japan* (1991). Museum of Contemporary Art, Sydney. \[pp. 58–61\]
* *European Media Art Festival Osnabrück* (1990) \[*Playback: a documentary of the performance* Pleasure Life, p. 72\]
* *pH Catalogue*. 1990. Wacoal Art Center.
* *Against Nature: Japanese Art in the Eighties* (1989). Grey Art Gallery & Study Center, New York University, the MIT List Visual Arts Center and The Japan Foundation. \[pp. 50–51, 78, 85\]

### Essays / Art Press

* *Shiro Takatani. The extension of visible: shapes of time, acoustic images & chromatic figures*. Enrico Pitozzi. Digimag #82, (September 2013).
* *BT: Monthly Art Magazine Bijutsu Techo* \- No. 886 (September 2006). \[Shiro Takatani\]. Bijutsu Shuppan Sha, Tokyo. ISSN 0287-2218
* *Stadmenschen in Medienlandschaften*. Eiichiro Hirata. Theater der Zeit, Nr.9. (September 2006). \[pp. 13–14\]
* *BT: Monthly Art Magazine Bijutsu Techo* \- No. 849 (May 2004). \[Dumb Type, Takayuki Fujimoto, Teiji Furuhashi, Ryoji Ikeda, Toru Koyamada, Shiro Takatani\]. Bijutsu Shuppan Sha, Tokyo. ISSN 0287-2218
* *Meditations on Space and Time: The Performance Art of Japan's Dumb Type*. Dorinda Neave. Art Journal, Vol. 60 (Spring 2001). \[pp. 84–93\]
* *Diatxt. 01* (2000). \[Shiro Takatani, Dumb type\]. Kyoto Art Center, Kyoto.
* *Dumb Type, Landmark Hall, Yokohama*. Judy Annear. ART + TEXT, Number 51 (1995). \[p. 73\]

### Audio / visual Documentaries

* *Shiro Takatani, between nature and technology* (2019). A 52-minute documentary film directed by Giulio Boato, in Japanese, French, English, with French subtitles, including interviews with Shiro Takatani, Ryuichi Sakamoto, Ryoji Ikeda, Simon Fisher Turner. Production: Idéale Audience. World premiere at the FIFA competition - International Festival of Films on Art in Montreal.
* *Event Documentation by AAA Hong Kong Staff: October 2009* (2009). Asia Art Archive, Hong Kong.
* *Musiques en scène, Trans/Formes* (2000), radio documentary by Alexandre Castant. With James Giroudon, Pierre Alain Jaffrennou, Ulf Langheinrich (Granular-Synthesis), Micha Laury, Thierry Raspail, Shiro Takatani (Dumb Type). France Culture, Paris, 30 min.
* *Arte Video Night 2009*. Thème 5 : Entendre. *Memorandum* by Dumb Type
* *Cycle création contemporaine au Japon : Dumb Type* (DVD, 1998), documentary by Gilles Coudert (16 min. / Japanese version with French/English subtitles). Copyright: Triac documentaire, cop. 1998. Arte / Metropolis. apres production, collection Kaleidoscope (2008)


title: Rachel de Thame

abstract: Rachel de Thame is an English gardener, television presenter and actress.

text:
# Rachel de Thame

**Rachel de Thame** (born **Rachel Cohen**) is an English gardener, television presenter and actress.

## Biography

From the age of 10, de Thame studied ballet to a professional standard at the Royal Ballet School, White Lodge, Richmond Park. De Thame contracted glandular fever at age 15, and chose to give up her dream of a dancing career at age 19. She then undertook a course in Drama at Southgate College in 1979–80 and studied History of Art at London's City Lit, after which she worked for a short period for Colnaghi, a well-respected international firm of art dealers in London. She then married for the first time.

While pregnant with her first baby, de Thame was recruited by a modelling agency and went on to enjoy a successful modelling career. A major part of de Thame's modelling included appearances in TV ads. Casting agents began to suggest de Thame for acting roles. By 1998, she had appeared in the mini-series *Merlin* and in the British feature film *Bodywork*; credited in both productions as **Rachel Colover**.

However, de Thame decided not to continue pursuing an acting career and in 1998, indulging a passion for plants and gardening inherited from her father, she enrolled for two years at the English Gardening School, studying Practical Horticulture and Plants & Plantsmanship, shortly after de Thame auditioned for BBC2's *Gardeners' World.* Initially presenting on the programme every week, following the birth of her second child from her second marriage she now (as of 2014) makes occasional appearances on the programme. She has also filmed her own series' for the BBC, *Small Town Gardens* and *Gardening with the Experts*. De Thame also co-presents the BBC's annual coverage of the Chelsea Flower Show, Hampton Court Palace Flower Show as part of the Royal Horticultural Society output on BBC Two. Other gardening series include Gardeners' World Top Tips and Great British Garden Revival for the BBC, and Countrywise for ITV1. Non-gardening related television appearances include *Going for a Song* and *Call My Bluff*, both for the BBC.

In 2008, de Thame designed the 2008 LK Bennett garden at the Chelsea Flower Show, for which she was awarded a silver medal. In 2012 de Thame designed the floral decorations for the Royal Barge (The Spirit of Chartwell), used to convey Her Majesty The Queen and other members of the Royal Family during the Thames Diamond Jubilee Pageant. In 2016 de Thame co-curated the RHS London Rose Show

De Thame has written two gardening books, *Small Town Gardens* and *Rachel de Thame's Top 100 Star Plants*, and co-wrote *Gardening with the Experts*. She currently writes a regular horticultural column for *The Sunday Times* and has also contributed to the gardening pages of *The Daily Telegraph*, *Gardeners' World Magazine*, *Woman's Own Magazine*, *Eden Magazine*. She is currently vice-president of the wildflower charity Plantlife.

De Thame has a lupin variety named after her. in addition to Dahlia 'Rachel de Thame', Auricula 'Rachel de Thame and Rose 'Rachel' was also named in her honour by Pococks Roses.

In 2024 de Thame teamed up with her daughter Lauren, who is an illustrator, for her new book *A Flower Garden For Pollinators*.

## Personal life

She grew up on the outskirts of North London, the daughter and granddaughter of predominantly Jewish immigrants.

De Thame married her first husband, Stephen Colover, in June 1986. They had two children, and divorced around 1993.

She and her second husband, Gerard de Thame, have two children. They live in West London and the Cotswolds, Gloucestershire, having moved from Oxfordshire.

She was diagnosed with breast cancer in early 2018 and began treatment.

## InfoBox

| Rachel de Thame | |
| --- | --- |
| De Thame at the 2009 Hampton Court Palace Flower Show | |
| Nationality | British |
| Occupation(s) | Gardener, television presenter, actress |
| Years active | 1988–present |
| Spouses | *   Stephen Colover  (m. 1986; div. 1993) *   Gerard de Thame (m. 1999) |
| Children | 4 |


title: Radio Video

abstract: Radio Video is an EP by Royal Trux. It was released as a one-sided twelve-inch and CD in 2000 by Drag City.

text:
# Radio Video

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *CMJ* | (favorable) |

***Radio Video*** is an EP by Royal Trux. It was released as a one-sided twelve-inch and CD in 2000 by Drag City.

## Track listing

*All songs written by Neil Hagerty and Jennifer Herrema* 1. "The Inside Game" – 3:42
2. "Victory Chimp: Episode 3" – 4:37
3. "Dirty Headlines" – 3:27
4. "Mexican Comet" – 1:37
5. "On My Mind" – 3:24

## InfoBox

| Radio Video | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| EP by Royal Trux | |
| Released | January 17, 2000 (2000-01-17) |
| Genre | Rock |
| Length | 16:47 |
| Label |  |
| Royal Trux chronology | |
| *Veterans of Disorder*
(1999) ***Radio Video***
(2000) *Pound for Pound*
(2000) | |


title: Radio Vikom

abstract: Radio Vikom is a Bosnian local commercial radio station, broadcasting from Gradiška, Bosnia and Herzegovina. This radio station broadcasts folk or turbo-folk music and local news. The owner of the radio station is the company "VIKOM RTV" d.o.o., Gradiška na Savi which also operates RTV Vikom. Program is mainly produced in Serbian language at one FM frequency and it is available in the city of Banja Luka and Gradiška as well as in nearby municipalities. Estimated number of listeners of Radio Vikom is around 244.183. The founder and director of the radio is Vinko Perić. According to a 2006 media report, Radio Vikom was fined by Communications Regulatory Agency of Bosnia and Herzegovina for unauthorized use of frequencies in the Tuzla region. Also, in 2012, the largest fine for hate speech of 20,000 KM (BAM) was imposed on RTV Vikom.

text:
# Radio Vikom

**Radio Vikom** is a Bosnian local commercial radio station, broadcasting from Gradiška, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

This radio station broadcasts folk or turbo-folk music and local news. The owner of the radio station is the company *"VIKOM RTV" d.o.o., Gradiška na Savi* which also operates RTV Vikom.

Program is mainly produced in Serbian language at one FM frequency (Kotor Varoš 91.1 MHz) and it is available in the city of Banja Luka and Gradiška as well as in nearby municipalities.

Estimated number of listeners of *Radio Vikom* is around 244.183.

The founder and director of the radio is Vinko Perić.

According to a 2006 media report, *Radio Vikom* was fined by Communications Regulatory Agency of Bosnia and Herzegovina for unauthorized use of frequencies in the Tuzla region. Also, in 2012, the largest fine for hate speech of 20,000 KM (BAM) was imposed on RTV Vikom.

## Frequencies

## InfoBox

Radio Vikom
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Broadcast area | Gradiška, Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Frequency | Kotor Varoš 91.1 MHz |
| Branding | Commercial |
| Programming | |
| Language(s) | Serbian language |
| Format | Local news, talk and music |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | "VIKOM RTV" d.o.o., Gradiška na Savi |
| History | |
| Founded | 10 March 1997 (1997-03-10) |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | CRA BiH |
| Transmitter coordinates | 45°08′45″N 17°15′14″E / 45.14583°N 17.25389°E / 45.14583; 17.25389 |
| Repeater(s) | Kotor Varoš/Lipovac |
| Links | |
| Website | www.vikom.tv |


title: Radio Verite

abstract: Radio Verite is a Haitian radio station based out of East Orange, New Jersey that provides news on politics, and social policies. It also has a Christian format as a number of local Haitian Pentecostal ministers host shows and religious content in French and Haitian Creole.

text:
# Radio Verite

**Radio Verite** is a Haitian radio station based out of East Orange, New Jersey that provides news on politics, and social policies. It also has a Christian format as a number of local Haitian Pentecostal ministers host shows and religious content in French and Haitian Creole.

## InfoBox

Radio Verite
| Programming | |
| --- | --- |
| Language(s) | French and Haitian Creole |
| Links | |
| Website | radioverite.com |


title: Radiation retinopathy

abstract: Radiation retinopathy is damage to retina due to exposure to ionizing radiation. Radiation retinopathy has a delayed onset, typically after months or years of radiation, and is slowly progressive. In general, radiation retinopathy is seen around 18 months after treatment with external-beam radiation and with brachytherapy. The time of onset of radiation retinopathy is between 6 months to 3 years. An exposure to doses of 30-35 grays (Gy) or more is usually required to induce clinical symptoms, however, retinopathy may develop after as little as 15 Gy of external-beam radiation. A reported safe dose is 30 Gy (3,000 rad): 10 Gy (1,000 rad) per week in five fractions of 2 Gy (200 rad).

text:
# Radiation retinopathy

**Radiation retinopathy** is damage to retina due to exposure to ionizing radiation. Radiation retinopathy has a delayed onset, typically after months or years of radiation, and is slowly progressive. In general, radiation retinopathy is seen around 18 months after treatment with external-beam radiation and with brachytherapy. The time of onset of radiation retinopathy is between 6 months to 3 years.

An exposure to doses of 30-35 grays (Gy) or more is usually required to induce clinical symptoms, however, retinopathy may develop after as little as 15 Gy of external-beam radiation. A reported safe dose is 30 Gy (3,000 rad): 10 Gy (1,000 rad) per week in five fractions of 2 Gy (200 rad).

## Signs and symptoms

Clinically, affected people may not have symptoms or may complain of decreased visual acuity. Ophthalmic examination may reveal signs of retinal vascular disease, including cotton-wool spots, retinal bleeds, microaneurysms, perivascular sheathing, capillary telangiectasis, macular edema, and disc edema. Capillary non perfusion, documented by fluorescein angiography, is commonly present, and extensive retinal ischemia can lead to neovascularization of the retina, iris, and disc. Staging of radiation retinopathy has been proposed.

## Pathophysiology

Radiation retinopathy is very similar to other vascular diseases. Diabetes and radiation primarily damage the retinal capillaries. Diabetes results in early loss of pericytes and thickening of the basement membrane. Radiation however, damages the endothelial cells.

## Diagnosis

## Treatment

The management of radiation retinopathy is similar to that for diabetic retinopathy and includes focal laser therapy to reduce macular edema or panretinal photocoagulation to treat zones of ischemia and neovascularization. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factors have been recently used for the treatment of radiation retinopathy. Monitoring of visual acuity in all cases and early referral to the ophthalmologist is warranted.

## InfoBox

| Radiation retinopathy | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Radiation retinopathy | |
| Specialty | Ophthalmology |


title: Radu Berceanu

abstract: Radu Mircea Berceanu is a Romanian engineer and politician. A former member of the Democratic Liberal Party (PD-L), he was a member of the Romanian Chamber of Deputies for Dolj County from 1990 to 2004, and sat in the Romanian Senate from 2004 to 2012, representing the same county. In the Radu Vasile and Mugur Isărescu cabinets, he was Minister of Industry and Commerce from 1998 to 2000; in the first Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu cabinet, he was Minister of Transport, Construction and Tourism from 2006 to 2007; and in the Emil Boc cabinet, he was Minister of Transport and Infrastructure from December 2008 to September 2010. From October to December 2009, he was also acting Minister of Agriculture following the political crisis that led to the withdrawal of the Social Democratic Party from government. In 1978, he married Mihaela-Marinela Bădîrcea. The couple have two sons, Victor and Andrei.

text:
# Radu Berceanu

**Radu Mircea Berceanu** (Romanian pronunciation: \[ˈradu berˈt͡ʃe̯anu\]; born 5 March 1953) is a Romanian engineer and politician. A former member of the Democratic Liberal Party (PD-L), he was a member of the Romanian Chamber of Deputies for Dolj County from 1990 to 2004, and sat in the Romanian Senate from 2004 to 2012 (except for the period of April–December 2008), representing the same county. In the Radu Vasile and Mugur Isărescu cabinets, he was Minister of Industry and Commerce from 1998 to 2000; in the first Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu cabinet, he was Minister of Transport, Construction and Tourism from 2006 to 2007; and in the Emil Boc cabinet, he was Minister of Transport and Infrastructure from December 2008 to September 2010. From October to December 2009, he was also acting Minister of Agriculture following the political crisis that led to the withdrawal of the Social Democratic Party from government.

In 1978, he married Mihaela-Marinela Bădîrcea (b. 1954). The couple have two sons, Victor (b. 1981) and Andrei (b. 1984).

## Biography

He was born in Râmnicu Vâlcea; his father was an aviator and his mother a nurse. After completing secondary studies in 1972 at the city's Vasile Roaită Theoretical High School (now called "Mircea cel Bătrân"), he enrolled at the Polytehnic Institute of Bucharest, studying Aerospace Design and graduating in 1978. He also took courses on parliamentarism in Canada in 1990 and on democratic institutions in the United States in 1991. Following university, Berceanu worked as an engineer in Craiova from 1978 to 1981 at a flight testing centre. From 1984 to 1989 he also worked as an engineer at the city's airplane factory. Between 1980 and 1989, he taught at an industrial high school in Craiova.

He also took up scale modeling, and has won prizes for both his ship and aircraft models. During the 1980s, he set up an amateur scale modeling circle for students, which was notably attended by future literary critic Angelo Mitchievici. According to Mitchievici's memoir of life under the communist regime, these circumstances allowed Berceanu to attend workshops in various Eastern Bloc countries, "and he probably thus had the opportunity to engage in some *bişniţă* \[roughly, grey market transactions\]."

Right after the Romanian Revolution of 1989, Berceanu entered politics. He was Dolj County vice president of the Council of the National Salvation Front in December 1989-January 1990. From February to May 1990, he was president of his county's Provisional Council of National Unity, as well as belonging to the main council in Bucharest. From its founding in February 1990 until his resignation in 2012 to make way for a younger leadership, he headed the Dolj County PD-L chapter and that of its predecessor, the Democratic Party (PD), of which he was a founding member. In 2005, he militated in favor of preserving the PD’s social-democratic orientation, losing out to a Christian Democratic faction. At the May 1990 election, he won a seat in the Chamber, doing so again in 1992, 1996 and 2000. While there, he served as the body's vice president at various times between 1992 and 2004. From his election in 2004 until April 2008, he sat in the Senate and was vice president there as well. He then resigned in order to run in the June local election for President of the Dolj County Council, and while gaining a seat as a county councillor, was defeated on a 42–33.8 margin by a Social Democratic candidate. At the November 2008 parliamentary election, Berceanu regained his Senate seat, as well as being named Transport Minister the following month. From October 2009, when the Social Democrats left the cabinet due to a political crisis, until that December, when a new cabinet was approved, he was also acting Agriculture Minister.

After re-assuming ministerial office in 2008, Berceanu announced motorway construction as his priority (in spite of serious budget cuts brought about by the financial crisis), although acknowledging the poor state of national roads and the state railway Căile Ferate Române (CFR), as well as the need to focus on airports (such as the Braşov Airport currently under construction). He vowed to complete the A2 motorway by 2011 (notwithstanding a 2006 promise to complete it by summer 2008), and a Bucharest-Braşov motorway as well as a Bucharest-Calafat one (ending at the Calafat-Vidin Bridge) by 2014. This emphasis meant plans for twelve express roads had to be scrapped. Also planned by him is an hourly train from Gara de Nord to Otopeni, with a bus transfer to the nearby airport. He has been a strong critic of his predecessor Ludovic Orban, whom he accused of spending substantial amounts of money on studies for express roads, "not one metre" of which was built under Orban (and which, as a motorway advocate, he derided as being outdated). He has announced plans for major restructuring at the CFR, including a potential 12,000 layoffs, for which he again blamed the previous government. Orban fired back, labelling the 2009 transport budget a "cruel mockery" from an infrastructure development standpoint, accusing Berceanu of blocking the Calafat-Vidin project and of "not lifting a finger" on the Craiova-Piteşti express road, and stating his "personal feeling" that Berceanu's days as minister were numbered. He was dismissed a year and a half later, following a cabinet reshuffle. In April 2012, Berceanu announced his decision to retire from politics, and he did not run at the December election.

Berceanu's wealth has drawn attention: in 2008, his declared assets included bank accounts worth over 800,000, three apartments (including one in Spain), a Toyota RAV4 and a Mercedes-Benz W220. In 2006, he made public his 300-page Securitate file, revealing that the communist secret police agency had harassed and threatened him and his wife in the autumn of 1989 for allegedly intending to flee the country using a hang glider he had built. He noted having given "about two ink cartridges' worth of declarations", that he was almost excluded from the Romanian Communist Party in 1981, and that, despite being the first party member in his family, he was known for his anti-regime position and never informed on his colleagues.

In 2000, French President Jacques Chirac conferred the rank of *Chevalier* of the Ordre national du Mérite upon Berceanu. Within his party, he has been secretary, vice president for organisational affairs, and vice president. He has also served as a delegate from the Romanian Parliament to the Council of Europe (1996–1998, 2000–2006, 2007–2008).

## InfoBox

| Radu Berceanu | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Minister of Transport and Infrastructure | |
| **In office**
22 December 2008  3 September 2010 | |
| Prime Minister | Emil Boc |
| Preceded by | Ludovic Orban |
| Succeeded by | Anca Boagiu |
| **In office**
22 August 2006  5 April 2007 | |
| Prime Minister | Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu |
| Preceded by | Gheorghe Dobre |
| Succeeded by | Ludovic Orban |
| Minister of Agriculture
Acting | |
| **In office**
1 October 2009  23 December 2009 | |
| Prime Minister | Emil Boc |
| Preceded by | Ilie Sârbu |
| Succeeded by | Mihai Dumitru |
| Minister of Industry and Commerce | |
| **In office**
17 April 1998  28 November 2000 | |
| Prime Minister | Radu Vasile
Mugur Isărescu |
| Preceded by | Mircea Ciumara |
| Succeeded by | Dan Ioan Popescu |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1953-03-05) 5 March 1953
Râmnicu Vâlcea, Romania |
| Political party | Democratic Liberal Party (PDL) (to 2014) |
| Spouse | Mihaela-Marinela Berceanu |
| Children | Victor (b. 1981)
Andrei (b. 1984) |
| Alma mater | Politehnica University of Bucharest |
| Profession | Engineer |
|  | |


title: Raffaello Petrucci

abstract: Raffaello Petrucci was a Cardinal and Roman Catholic bishop.

text:
# Raffaello Petrucci

**Raffaello Petrucci** (1472 in Siena – 17 December 1522, in Rome) was a Cardinal and Roman Catholic bishop.

## Biography

He was born in Siena, circa 1472. He was the son of Giacoppo Petrucci and the Florentine Nanna Fantoni.

In 1491 he was awarded a canonry of the cathedral of Siena. Since 1494, the year of the Medici expulsion from Florence, he represented the pro-Medici party, advocating for Piero de Medici and his attempts to return home. Between 1495 - 1497, he handled negotiations with the Republic of Siena, aimed at obtaining military support, at a stage where the Republic of Florence had to deal with the rebellion of Pisa (self-proclaiming as an independent republic (1494)) and of Montepulciano (1494), and with the campaign by Bartolomeo d'Alviano on behalf of the Republic of Venice, which targeted Casentino (1496–1497).

In 1497 his father died, and he moved to Rome to follow Cardinal Giovanni de Medici, remaining bound to him in his years of exile, under the pontificates of Alexander VI and Julius II. On 4 August he was elected as bishop of Grosseto, and appointed apostolic prothonotary. His tenure in Siena was discreet because of his uncle Pandolfo's preponderance, who, after the agreements signed between the Republic of Siena and Florence in 1498, came to take on the role of leading citizen or *Primus*. Politically, the agreement between the two Republics sanctioned the defeat of both Venetian Niccolo Borghesi and pro-Medicean Raffaele Petrucci.

In March 1513 Giovanni de' Medici became Pope Leo X. Leo appointed Petrucci his domestic prelate and castellan, or prefect, of Castel Sant'Angelo, giving him a house with a vegetable garden in Rome, and in May he appointed Eustachio, his fourteen-year-old son, captain of ten crossbowmen of his guard.

The election of Cardinal Medici to the papacy, opened up the possibility of him taking on a more active role in papal policy, especially concerning disagreements between cousins Borghese and Alfonso with Leo X. This led to him claiming the role of Primus and as party leader. In March 1516, with the support of the Pope and Florence, he implemented a coup that brought him to power in Siena in place of his cousin Borghese Petrucci. Raffaello maintained a moderate conduct, aimed at seeking the consensus of the citizens, and not increasing discontent with fiscal impositions. In the wake of greater Church responsibility, he was forced to cede control to his cousin, Francesco in 1522.

On 1 July 1517, during the confused events surrounding the "conspiracy of the cardinals", his name was included among the 31 new cardinal appointments of Leo X. On 26 December he received the title of Santa Susanna. On 14 March 1519 he was appointed apostolic administrator of Bertinoro, keeping the job exactly one year, before resigning in favor of his son Pietro. Later he took the position of Abbot of San Galgano. On 6 February 1520 he was elected bishop of Sovana, belonging to the diocese of Grosseto.

From the conclave that brought on the election of Adrian VI as Pope (9 January 1522), Raffaello was named one of the cardinals in charge of welcoming the new Pope from Utrecht at Livorno. He and the other four prelates presented themselves armed and in secular clothes, provoking a harsh rebuke of the pontiff. That year, Renzo da Ceri (hired by the enemies of the Medici) attempted a new invasion of the territories of the Republic. The past two years (1520–1522), he enlisted his cousin Francis Camillo Petrucci of Siena to govern, especially in his moments of absence.

He died at his villa in Bibbiano on 17 December 1522 and is buried in the Basilica of San Domenico, Siena. According to Ludwig Pastor, "he led a completely worldly life and was hated especially for his avarice".

## Sources

* Maurizio Gattoni, Leo X and the geo-politics of the Papal States (1513–1521), Vatican City, Vatican Archives Collectanea (47), 2000;
* Maurizio Gattoni, foreign policy and the primacy of Petrucci in Siena (1498–1524), in Siena and its territory in the Renaissance, edited by \*M. Ascheri, vol. III, Siena, Holm 2000, p. 215-222;
* UG Mondolfo, Pandolfo Petrucci, Lord of Siena, Siena 1899
* V. Lusini, A paper on Raphael Petrucci, castellan of Castel S. Angelo, in Siena Bulletin of National History, The (1894), p. 117-123;
* N. Mengozzi, Cardinal Raphael Petrucci of Siena, in Siena Bulletin of National History, XX (1913), p. 147-157;
* R. Terziani, The Government of Siena from Medieval to Modern. Continuity Republican at the time of Petrucci (1487–1525) by Betti Publishing, Siena, 2002, reprinted 2006;
* I. Ugurgieri-Azzolini, pumps Siena, Pistoia 1649.


title: Rahama

abstract: Rahama is a small town in the highlands of Kaduna State central Nigeria.

text:
# Rahama

**Rahama** is a small town in the highlands of Kaduna State central Nigeria.

## Transport

It was served for a time by the extra narrow gauge Bauchi Light Railway which connected Zaria in the north to Jos in the south.

In later times, this route was replaced by a better graded normal gauge railway on a different alignment.

09°48′N 08°32′E / 9.800°N 8.533°E / 9.800; 8.533

## InfoBox

| Rahama Village | |
| --- | --- |
| Government | |
| Type | Civilian |
| Time zone | ((West Africa Time)) |


title: Rahama Sadau

abstract: Rahama Ibrahim Sadau is a Nigerian actress, filmmaker, and singer. Born and raised in Kaduna, she performed in dancing competitions as a child and during her school years. She rose to fame in late 2013 after joining the Kannywood movie industry with her first movie Gani ga Wane. Rahama appears to be the first and only actress to be seen in many Nigerian movies in Hausa (KANYWOOD), English (NOLLYWOOD) and Hindi (BOLLYWOOD) movies. She is also one of the few Nigerian actresses that speaks Hindi fluently. She is the winner of Best Actress (Kannywood) at the City People Entertainment Awards in 2014 and 2015. She also won Best African Actress at the 19th African Film Awards in 2015 by African Voice. In 2017. She became the first Hausa celebrity to appear in the top ten Hottest Female Nigeria Celebrities. Throughout her career, Sadau has been a busy actress, appearing in both movies and music videos.

text:
# Rahama Sadau

**Rahama Ibrahim Sadau** (born 7 December 1993) is a Nigerian actress, filmmaker, and singer. Born and raised in Kaduna, she performed in dancing competitions as a child and during her school years. She rose to fame in late 2013 after joining the Kannywood movie industry with her first movie *Gani ga Wane*.

Rahama appears to be the first and only actress to be seen in many Nigerian movies in Hausa (KANYWOOD), English (NOLLYWOOD) and Hindi (BOLLYWOOD) movies. She is also one of the few Nigerian actresses that speaks Hindi fluently. She is the winner of *Best Actress* (Kannywood) at the City People Entertainment Awards in 2014 and 2015. She also won Best *African Actress* at the 19th African Film Awards in 2015 by African Voice. In 2017. She became the first Hausa celebrity to appear in the top ten Hottest Female Nigeria Celebrities. Throughout her career, Sadau has been a busy actress, appearing in both movies and music videos.

## Life and career

Sadau was born in Kaduna State, north-western Nigerian State which was the former capital of Nigeria's former Northern Region, to Alhaji Ibrahim Sadau. She grew up with her parents in Kaduna alongside her three sisters Zainab Sadau, Fatima Sadau, Aisha Sadau and brother Haruna Sadau.

By 2016, she was recognized as that year's "Face of Kannywood. In October of the year, Sadau featured in a movie series on EbonyLife TV. In 2017, she formed a production company named *Sadau Pictures* where she produced her first movie, *Rariya* starring Ali Nuhu, Sani Musa Danja, Sadiq Sani Sadiq and Fati Washa. She returned to acting to play the career teacher in MTV Shuga. In 2019 MTV Shuga returned to be located in Nigeria for series 6, "Choices", and Sadau was one of returning actors for the new series which included Timini Egbuson, Yakubu Mohammed, Uzoamaka Aniunoh and Ruby Akabueze.

In 2022, Sadau starred with Vidyut jammwal in Khuda Haafiz: Chapter 2 – Agni Pariksha she played a minor character in the movie. Sadau joined the Kannywood movie industry in 2013 through Ali Nuhu. She played a few minor roles before gaining fame from her performance in *Gani ga Wane*,*Jinin Jikina* alongside the Kannywood actor Ali Nuhu. On 3 October 2016, the Motion Picture Practitioners Association of Nigeria (MOPPAN), which is the dominant association in Kannywood, suspended her from kannywood for appearing in a romantic music video with a Jos born singer Classiq Q. One year after in 2017, she wrote to apologize to MOPPAN. In January 2018, the ban placed on her was lifted following the intervention of the Kano State governor Dr Abdullahi Umar Ganduje.

Sadau owns Sadau Beauty, a beauty space. She is the owner of Sadau Movies and also owns an ice cream shop in Kaduna state called Yogohamy. She has an endorsement with Maltina as an ambassador.

Sadau launched a charitable foundation, Ray of Hope. She was named a "Peace Ambassador" by the Association of Northern Nigerian Students. She has been appointed by the office of the Vice President Kashim Shettima to serve on the Technical Committee of the Investment in Digital and Creative Enterprise programme (iDICE).

## Education

Sadau studied Human Resource Management at school of Business and Finance of Eastern Mediterranean University in Northern Cyprus.

## Awards

Awards received by Rahama Sadau.

| Year | Award | Category | Recipient | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2014 | Best Actress (Kannywood) | City People Entertainment Awards | Herself for *Kannywood* | Won |
| 2015 | Best Actress (Kannywood) | City People Entertainment Awards | Herself for *Kannywood* | Won |
| 2017 | Best African Actress | African Voice | Herself for *Kannywood* | Won |
| | 2017 Best of Nollywood Awards | Best Actress in a Lead role –English | Herself for *Tatu* | Nominated |
| | Best Actress in a Lead role –Hausa | Herself for *Matatace Shaida* | Nominated |
| 2022 | Toronto International Nollywood Film Festival | Best African Actress | Herself | Won |
| 2023 | The Future Awards Africa | Prize for Acting | Herself | Pending |

## Filmography

| Year | Film | Role |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2023 | *In Bed with the Pedros* | Hauwa |
| 2022 | Khuda Haafiz: Chapter 2 Agni - Pariksha |  |
| 2021 | Chief Daddy 2: Going for Broke | Laila |
| 2019 | *Zero Hour* |  |
| 2018 | *Up North* | Mariam |
| | *If I Am President* | Michelle |
| N/A | *Aljannar Duniya* |  |
| 2017 | *Adam* |  |
| | *Ba Tabbas* |  |
| | *MTV Shuga Naija* |  |
| | *Rariya* | Zainab Abuja |
| | *TATU* | Tatuma |
| | *Rumana* |  |
| 2016 | *Sons of the Caliphate* |  |
| | *The Other Side* |  |
| 2015 | *Kasa Ta* |  |
| | *Wutar Gaba* |  |
| | *Sallamar So* |  |
| | *Wata Tafiya* |  |
| | *Halacci* | Hiday |
| | *Gidan Farko* |  |
| | *Ana Wata ga Wata* |  |
| | *Alkalin Kauye* |  |
| 2014 | *Jinin Jiki Na* |  |
| | *Hujja* |  |
| | *Garbati* |  |
| | *Kaddara Ko Fansa* |  |
| | *Kisan Gilla* |  |
| | *Mati da Lado* | Rama |
| | *Sabuwar Sangaya* |  |
| | *Sirrin Da Ke Raina* |  |
| | *So Aljannar Duniya* |  |
| | *Suma Mata Ne* | Baby Nice |
| 2013 | *Farin Dare* | Bilikisu |
| | *Gani Ga Wane* | Binta |
| | *Da Kai Zan Gana* |  |
| | *Mai Farin Jini* |  |
|
|

Rahama Sadau zata ja tawagar wani sabon shiri a kasar india. dia . hausaloaded

## InfoBox

| Rahama Sadau | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1993-12-07) 7 December 1993
Kaduna, Nigeria |
| Alma mater | Eastern Mediterranean University |
| Occupation(s) | Actress
film maker
singer |
| Years active | 2013–present |
| Notable credits |  |
| Awards | See below |
| Website | rahamasadau.com |


title: Rahama railway station

abstract: Rahama railway station is a railway station on the East Coast Railway network in the state of Odisha, India. It serves Rahama village. Its code is RHMA. It has two platforms. Passenger, MEMU, Express trains halt at Rahama railway station.

text:
# Rahama railway station

**Rahama railway station** is a railway station on the East Coast Railway network in the state of Odisha, India. It serves Rahama village. Its code is **RHMA**. It has two platforms. Passenger, MEMU, Express trains halt at Rahama railway station.

## Major trains

## InfoBox

| Rahama | |
| --- | --- |
| Indian Railways station | |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Location | Rahama, Odisha<br>India |
| Coordinates | 20°17′52″N 86°24′08″E / 20.297839°N 86.402133°E / 20.297839; 86.402133 |
| Owned by | Ministry of Railways, Indian Railways |
| Line(s) | Cuttack–Paradip line |
| Platforms | 2 |
| Tracks | 2 |
| Construction | |
| Structure type | Standard (on ground) |
| Parking | No |
| Other information | |
| Status | Functioning |
| Station code | RHMA |
| Zone(s) | East Coast Railway |
| Division(s) | Khurda Road |
| History | |
| Electrified | Yes |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location  Rahama railway stationLocation within IndiaRahama railway stationRahama railway station (Odisha) | |


title: Rafael Naranjo

abstract: Rafael Naranjo is a Venezuelan footballer. He played in six matches for the Venezuela national football team from 1967 to 1969. He was also part of Venezuela's squad for the 1967 South American Championship.

text:
# Rafael Naranjo

**Rafael Naranjo** (born 6 June 1943) is a Venezuelan footballer. He played in six matches for the Venezuela national football team from 1967 to 1969. He was also part of Venezuela's squad for the 1967 South American Championship.

## InfoBox

Rafael Naranjo
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1943-06-06) 6 June 1943 | | |
| Position(s) | Defender | | |
| International career | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1967–1969 | Venezuela | 6 | (0) |


title: Raiamas scarciensis

abstract: Raiamas scarciensis is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Raiamas.

text:
# Raiamas scarciensis

***Raiamas scarciensis*** is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus *Raiamas*.

## InfoBox

| *Raiamas scarciensis* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Data Deficient  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Cypriniformes |
| Family: | Cyprinidae |
| Subfamily: | Danioninae |
| Genus: | *Raiamas* |
| Species: | ***R. scarciensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Raiamas scarciensis***
Howes & Teugels, 1989 | |
|


title: Raiamas nigeriensis

abstract: Raiamas nigeriensis is a species of cyprinid fish in the genus Raiamas.

text:
# Raiamas nigeriensis

***Raiamas nigeriensis*** is a species of cyprinid fish in the genus *Raiamas*.

## InfoBox

| *Raiamas nigeriensis* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Cypriniformes |
| Family: | Cyprinidae |
| Subfamily: | Danioninae |
| Genus: | *Raiamas* |
| Species: | ***R. nigeriensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Raiamas nigeriensis***
(Daget, 1959) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Barilius nigeriensis* Daget, 1959 | |


title: Rainbow View

abstract: Rainbow View is an American Thoroughbred racehorse who was trained by John Gosden to win the Fillies' Mile as a two-year-old and the Matron Stakes as a three-year-old. During her four-year-old season she was trained by Jonathan E. Sheppard and race solely in the United States. She is the daughter of Jersey Derby winner Dynaformer and No Matter What, a daughter of Nureyev.

text:
# Rainbow View

**Rainbow View** (foaled 21 May 2006) is an American Thoroughbred racehorse who was trained by John Gosden to win the Fillies' Mile as a two-year-old and the Matron Stakes as a three-year-old. During her four-year-old season she was trained by Jonathan E. Sheppard and race solely in the United States.

She is the daughter of Jersey Derby winner Dynaformer and No Matter What, a daughter of Nureyev.

## InfoBox

| Rainbow View | |
| --- | --- |
| Racing silks of George Strawbridge | |
| Sire | Dynaformer |
| Grandsire | Roberto |
| Dam | No Matter What |
| Damsire | Nureyev |
| Sex | Mare |
| Foaled | 21 May 2006 |
| Country | USA |
| Colour | Bay |
| Breeder | Augustin Stable |
| Owner | Augustin Stable |
| Trainer | John Gosden
Jonathan E. Sheppard |
| Record | 15: 6-2-2 |
| Earnings | £657,494 |
| Major wins | |
| Sweet Solera Stakes (2008)
May Hill Stakes (2008)
Fillies' Mile (2008)
Matron Stakes (2009)
Gallorette Handicap (2010) | |
| Awards | |
| European Champion Two-Year-Old Filly (2008) | |


title: Rajneesh Dahiya

abstract: Rajneesh Kumar Dahiya is an Indian politician and the MLA representing the Firozpur Rural Assembly constituency in the Punjab Legislative Assembly. He is a member of the Aam Aadmi Party. He was elected as the MLA in the 2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election.

text:
# Rajneesh Dahiya

**Rajneesh Kumar Dahiya** is an Indian politician and the MLA representing the Firozpur Rural Assembly constituency in the Punjab Legislative Assembly. He is a member of the Aam Aadmi Party. He was elected as the MLA in the 2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election.

## Member of Legislative Assembly

He represents the Firozpur Rural Assembly constituency as MLA in Punjab Assembly. The Aam Aadmi Party gained a strong 79% majority in the sixteenth Punjab Legislative Assembly by winning 92 out of 117 seats in the 2022 Punjab Legislative Assembly election. MP Bhagwant Mann was sworn in as Chief Minister on 16 March 2022.

Committee assignments of Punjab Legislative Assembly

## Electoral performance

Punjab Assembly election, 2022: Firozpur Rural
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | AAP | Rajnish Dahiya | 75293 | 49.56 |  |
|  | INC | Ashu Bangar |  |  |  |
| Majority | | | 27746 | 18.26 |  |
| Turnout | | |  |  |  |
| Registered electors | | | 195,975 |  |  |

## InfoBox

| Rajneesh Dahiya | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| MLA, Punjab Legislative Assembly | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office** <br>2022 | |
| Preceded by | Satkar Kaur |
| Constituency | Firozpur Rural |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Political party | Aam Aadmi Party |
| Residence | Punjab |
|  | |


title: Rajneesh Narula

abstract: Rajneesh Narula, is an economist and academic. He is Professor of International Business Regulation and Director of the John H. Dunning Center for International Business at Henley Business School, University of Reading in Reading, UK. In 2017, he was appointed an Honorary Officer of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (OBE). The honour is in recognition of his Services to Business Research. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce (FRSA) in 2015. He holds honorary appointments at United Nations University-MERIT, Norwegian School of Business, Oxford University and the University of Urbino.

text:
# Rajneesh Narula

**Rajneesh Narula** (born 29 April 1963), is an economist and academic. He is Professor of International Business Regulation and Director of the John H. Dunning Center for International Business at Henley Business School, University of Reading in Reading, UK.

In 2017, he was appointed an Honorary Officer of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (OBE). The honour is in recognition of his Services to Business Research. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce (FRSA) in 2015.

He holds honorary appointments at United Nations University-MERIT, Norwegian School of Business, Oxford University and the University of Urbino.

## Biography

### Education

Narula completed his early education in Nigeria, most notably at Barewa College where he was a classmate of Nasir Ahmad el-Rufai, and Katsina College of Arts, Science and Technology. He earned his BEng (Hons) in Electrical Engineering from Ahmadu Bello University in Zaria, Nigeria, in 1983, and later attended Rutgers University in New Jersey, USA, where he obtained his MBA (1988) and his PhD (1993).

Prior to academia, Narula worked as an engineer at the Nigerian College of Aviation Technology and later as a planning analyst at IBM Asia/Pacific headquarters in Hong Kong.

### Career

Narula's academic and professional interests focus on innovation, R&D alliances, emerging economies and the role of multinational enterprises in industrial development. He has held academic postings at Copenhagen Business School, University of Oslo, BI Norwegian School of Management, the University of Maastricht and Rutgers University. In addition Narula has worked for the United Nations, and has also consulted and advised a number of agencies including the European Commission and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.

Narula is Professor of International Business Regulation at the Henley Business School (2004–present). He is also the co-director of the John H. Dunning Centre for International Business and school director of research, having been the former programme director of the PhD in International Business and Strategy.

He is currently an editor of the *Journal of International Business Studies* (2016–present). Prior to this he was editor-in-chief of the *Multinational Business Review* (2014-2016), and editor-in-chief of the *European Journal of Development Research* (2009-2013). He is on the editorial board of more than a dozen journals.

Narula is regularly invited as commentator on business and economics issues, as seen on BBC World News, Al Jazeera, TRT World News, BBC 1, BBC Business Live, Radio 1 and Radio Berkshire, as well as a variety of print and online publications. He gives over 30 public lectures and seminars at universities around the world every year.

## Selected publications

Narula is listed as one of the top 20 most cited academic authors worldwide in the fields of international business, emerging markets, the economics of innovation, and economic development, according to Google Scholar. As of December 2018 his google citation count stands close to 13,000. His publications with John H. Dunning and Sanjaya Lall on FDI-assisted development are especially well-cited contributions on the subject.

Narula's research and consulting have focused on the role of multinational firms in development, innovation and industrial policy, R&D alliances and outsourcing. He has published over 100 articles and chapters in books on these themes.

He is the author or editor of 13 books, including *Globalization and Technology* (Polity Press), *Multinationals and Industrial Competitiveness* (with John Dunning, Edward Elgar), *Understanding FDI-assisted Economic Development* (with Sanjaya Lall, Routledge), *Multinationals on the Periphery* (with Gabriel Benito, Palgrave). He is also co-author of the acclaimed textbook *International Business*, with Simon Collinson and Alan Rugman, which is in its seventh edition.

His publications have appeared in leading journals, including the *Journal of International Business Studies*, *Oxford Development Studies*, *Research Policy*, *Journal of Management Studies* and *Management International Review*. His 2003 book, *Globalization and Technology*, has been translated and published in Chinese and Arabic.

### Books

* Collinson, Simon; Narula, Rajneesh; Rugman, Alan, 2017. *International Business*. 7th ed. United Kingdom: Pearson.
* Lall, Sanjaya; Narula, Rajneesh, 2006. *Understanding FDI-Assisted Economic Development*. London: Routledge.
* Dunning, John; Narula, Rajneesh, 2004. *Multinationals and Industrial competitiveness: a new agenda.* Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
* Narula, Rajneesh, 2003. *Globalisation and Technology: interdependence, innovation systems and industrial policy*. Cambridge: Polity Press. (Chinese ed. 2011, Arabic ed. 2017)
* Dunning, John; Narula, Rajneesh, 1996. *Foreign Direct Investment and Governments: Catalysts for Economic Restructuring*. London: Routledge.
* Narula, Rajneesh, 1996. *Multinational Investment and Economic Structure: Globalisation and Competitiveness*. London: Routledge.

### Journal articles

* Narula, Rajneesh; Noya, Andrea Martinez (2018) What more can we learn from R&D alliances? A review and research agenda, *Business Research Quarterly* (forthcoming)
* Mudambi, Ram; Narula, Rajneesh; Santangelo, Grazia (2018) Location, Collocation and Innovation by multinational enterprises: a research agenda, Industry & Innovation, *Business Research Quarterly*, 25(3), 229–241.
* Narula, Rajneesh; Verbeke, Alain (2015) Making internalization theory good for practice: The essence of Alan Rugman's contributions to international business, *Journal of World Business* 50(4), 612–622.
* Narula, Rajneesh (2014) Exploring the paradox of competence-creating subsidiaries: balancing bandwidth and dispersion, *MNEs Long Range Planning*, Vol 24, 4–15.
* Narula, Rajneesh (2012) Do we need different frameworks to explain infant MNEs from developing countries? *Global Strategy Journal*, Vol 2, 188–204.
* Driffield, Nigel; Narula, Rajneesh (2012) Does FDI cause development? The ambiguity of the evidence and why it matters, *European Journal of Development Research*, Vol 24, 1–7.
* Narula, Rajneesh; Santangelo, Grazia (2009) Location, Collocation and R&D alliances in the European ICT Industry, *Research Policy*, Vol 38, 393 – 403.
* Criscuolo, Paola; Narula, Rajneesh (2008) A novel approach to national technological accumulation and absorptive capacity: aggregating Cohen and Levinthal, *European Journal of Development Research*, Vol 21, 62–88.
* Narula, Rajneesh (2002) Innovation systems and 'inertia' in R&D location: Norwegian firms and the role of systemic lock-in, *Research Policy*, Vol 31 (5), 795–816.
* Dunning, John; Narula, Rajneesh (2000) Industrial Development, Globalisation and Multinational Enterprises: new realities for developing countries, *Oxford Development Studies*, Vol 28 (2),141-167.

See full list of journal publications via Google Scholar here.

## InfoBox

| Rajneesh Narula OBE, FRSA | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1963-04-29) 29 April 1963 |
| Nationality | The Netherlands |
|  | |
| Academic career | |
| Field | International Business; Development Studies; Innovation Policy; Alliances |
| Institution | Henley Business School, University of Reading, UK |
| Alma mater | Rutgers University |
| Awards | OBE, FRSA |
| Information at IDEAS / RePEc | |
|  | |


title: Rafał Feinmesser

abstract: Rafał Feinmesser was a Polish chess master. He was murdered in the Holocaust in Warszawa. He played several times in the Warsaw championships. He tied for 5-6th in 1926, tied for 6-7th in 1927, took 10th in 1928, tied for 5-6th in 1929, tied for 10-11th in 1930. Feinmesser, along with other members of the Warsaw team won the gold medal in the 1st Polish Team Championship at Królewska Huta 1929.

text:
# Rafał Feinmesser

**Rafał Feinmesser** (1895 – ?) was a Polish chess master.

He was murdered in the Holocaust in Warszawa.

He played several times in the Warsaw championships. He tied for 5-6th in 1926 (Abram Blass and Paulin Frydman won), tied for 6-7th in 1927 (Stanisław Kohn and Leon Kremer won), took 10th in 1928 (Blass won), tied for 5-6th in 1929 (Kremer won), tied for 10-11th in 1930 (Frydman won).

Feinmesser, along with other members of the Warsaw team (Blass, Frydman, Kohn, Kremer, Karol Piltz, Henryk Pogorieły) won the gold medal in the 1st Polish Team Championship at Królewska Huta 1929.


title: Radomice, Greater Poland Voivodeship

abstract: Radomice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Września, within Września County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.

text:
# Radomice, Greater Poland Voivodeship

**Radomice** \[radɔˈmit͡sɛ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Września, within Września County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.

## InfoBox

| Radomice | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Street and road sign of Radomice | |
| Radomice | |
| Coordinates: 52°23′39″N 17°30′2″E / 52.39417°N 17.50056°E / 52.39417; 17.50056 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Greater Poland |
| County | Września |
| Gmina | Września |


title: Radomiak Radom II

abstract: Radomiak Radom II is a Polish football team, which serves as the reserve side of Radomiak Radom. It was founded in 1955. The team's greatest achievement is a tenth-place finish in the third division in 1984.

text:
# Radomiak Radom II

**Radomiak Radom II** is a Polish football team, which serves as the reserve side of Radomiak Radom. It was founded in 1955. The team's greatest achievement is a tenth-place finish in the third division in 1984.

## History

The team participated in the 1984–85 edition of the Polish Cup. In the first round, they defeated Gwardia Chełm 3–0 and suffered a 0–1 loss in the following round against Avia Świdnik. It was their best performance in the Polish Cup; they had played twice before and were eliminated after the first game; in 1978, after a 0–4 defeat to Orion Niedrzwica Duża and 1984, drawing 2–2 and losing 2–4 on penalties against Prokocim Kraków.

## InfoBox

Radomiak Radom II
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Radomiak Spółka Akcyjna |
| Nickname(s) | *Zieloni* (The Greens) |
| Founded | 1955 (1955) |
| Ground | Stadion im. Braci Czachorów |
| Capacity | 8,840 |
| Chairman | Sławomir Stempniewski |
| Manager | Roland Thomas |
| League | V liga Masovia II |
| 2023–24 | V liga Masovia II, 3rd of 16 |
| Website | Club website |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Rafik Mansour

abstract: Rafik Mansour is an American diplomat and Minister-Counselor who served as Chargé d'affaires of the U.S. Embassy in Singapore from 2019 to 2021. He previously served as interim Deputy Chief of Mission and Chargé d'affaires of the U.S. Embassy in Yerevan, Armenia.

text:
# Rafik Mansour

**Rafik Mansour** is an American diplomat and Minister-Counselor who served as *Chargé d'affaires* of the U.S. Embassy in Singapore from 2019 to 2021. He previously served as interim Deputy Chief of Mission and *Chargé d'affaires* of the U.S. Embassy in Yerevan, Armenia.

## Education

Mansour obtained a Bachelor of Science degree in biology and a Bachelor of Arts degree in French literature from the University of California, Irvine, and a master's degree in national security strategy from the National War College.

1. "U.S. Embassy Singapore Announces the Arrival of Chargé d'Affaires, a.i. Rafik Mansour". *US Embassy in Singapore*. 31 July 2019. Retrieved 23 November 2019.

## InfoBox

| Rafik Mansour | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| *Chargé d'affaires* of the U.S. Embassy in Singapore | |
| **In office**
July 30, 2019  December 6, 2021 | |
| President | Donald Trump |
| Preceded by | Stephanie Syptak-Ramnath |
| Succeeded by | Jonathan Kaplan |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Alma mater | University of California, Irvine (BS, BA)
National War College |
|  | |


title: Railways Act 2005

abstract: The Railways Act 2005 is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom concerning the regulatory structure for railways in the United Kingdom.

text:
# Railways Act 2005

The **Railways Act 2005** (c. 14) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom concerning the regulatory structure for railways in the United Kingdom.

## Overview

The bill was introduced and published on 25 November 2004 and received royal assent on 7 April 2005. The act implemented the institutional changes published in the Department for Transport's white paper on rail of 15 July 2004, principally:

* Abolished the Strategic Rail Authority (SRA), transferring some of its functions to the Secretary of State, some (consumer protection ones) to the Office of Rail Regulation, and some to the devolved administrations.
* Reduced the financial jurisdiction of the Office of Rail Regulation, imposing a Treasury-determined cap on its financial powers and requiring the Secretary of State for Transport to specify what he wants in return for the public subsidy which goes into the railway industry.
* Established Passenger Focus as a single national consumer representation body, replacing the geographically separated Rail Passengers Council.
* Set up a new regime for the closure of railway facilities and services.

## Government defeat

During the final parliamentary stages of the passage of the Railways Act 2005, the government sustained a defeat in the House of Lords over an amendment which would have protected passenger and train operators against a diminution of infrastructure quality or performance – or being held rigidly to their contracts for the provision of railway services which assumed no such diminution - if the Secretary of State for Transport restricted funds available to Network Rail. However, the amendment was reversed the same day in the House of Commons with a much weaker provision substituted for it. The House of Lords did not insist on their original amendment, and the legislation was passed without the protections which the train operators needed. Critics regarded this as an unjustified interference in an inter-dependent contractual matrix, contrary to the legitimate expectations of private investors in the railway.

## Section 60 - Short title, commencement and extent

The following orders have been made under this section:

Media related to Railways Act 2005 at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

Railways Act 2005
| Parliament of the United Kingdom | |
| --- | --- |
| Long title | An Act to amend the law relating to the provision and regulation of railway services; and for connected purposes. |
| Citation | 2005 c. 14 |
| Territorial extent | England and Wales and, except for sections 13 and 39 and 52, Scotland |
| Dates | |
| Royal assent | 7 April 2005 |
| Status: Amended | |
| Text of statute as originally enacted | |
| Revised text of statute as amended | |


title: Railways Department's Housing Scheme

abstract: The Railways Department's Housing Scheme refers to a housing programme undertaken by the New Zealand Railways Department during the 1920s. The scheme was intended to provide railway workers and their families with affordable and accessible accommodation during a time when it was otherwise difficult to find suitable housing. Although the houses were generally only intended as section houses, specifically for workers of the Railways Department, some houses were provided for the general population - such as those in Lower Hutt. The construction scheme was in effect between 1923 and 1929 and saw the construction of over 1,500 prefabricated houses throughout New Zealand.

text:
# Railways Department's Housing Scheme

The **Railways Department's Housing Scheme** refers to a housing programme undertaken by the New Zealand Railways Department (also known as NZR or New Zealand Government Railways) during the 1920s. The scheme was intended to provide railway workers and their families with affordable and accessible accommodation during a time when it was otherwise difficult to find suitable housing.

Although the houses were generally only intended as section houses, specifically for workers of the Railways Department, some houses were provided for the general population - such as those in Lower Hutt.

The construction scheme was in effect between 1923 and 1929 and saw the construction of over 1,500 prefabricated houses throughout New Zealand.

## History

### Background

NZR had provided housing of some sort for its workforce since the 1880s. These were often huts for the workers and small cottages for higher-ranking officials such as station masters. Privately operated railways New Zealand Midland Railway Company and the Wellington and Manawatu Railway Company had provided houses for staff as well, which were later absorbed into the Government Railways housing stock when those railways were nationalised.

This provision of houses proved insufficient following World War I, where a growing population and a subsequent growing demand for housing led to large increases in rents nation-wide. Railway workers, especially those who often shifted between stations and yards, found it difficult to find and to afford housing in the new location. This posed serious staff-retention problems for the Railways.

In March 1920, the issues surrounding the lack of affordable housing led Prime Minister William Massey to grant the Railways Department its own housing scheme, which was to include 400 houses. The scheme was led by architect George Troup, who in 1919 became the officer in charge of the Architectural Branch of Railways. It followed the introduction of the Workers' Dwellings Act 1905 and the Housing Act 1919, which aimed to address the squalid conditions and high rents in working-class suburbs of New Zealand.

### Implementation

The department gave effect to the scheme by preparing architectural designs for a standardised, pre-fabricated house, referred to as the 'B2 design', and established a house factory in Frankton near Hamilton to build them. The wood was to be sourced from state-owned forests, and the houses were to be sited on Railways-owned land adjacent or near existing railway stations and yards. The pre-fabricated houses would be freighted to these locations by rail. Note that most of these locations were in the North Island due to constraining shipping costs.

The rent charged for the houses was to be cheaper than the market rate, at only a days worth of pay. This led to grief from higher-ranking workers, who would have to pay comparatively more than a lower-ranked worker due to differences in daily pay.

The scheme quickly proved itself to be efficient and was expanded to become the largest-scale housing scheme in New Zealand. In total, over 1591 houses were constructed during the short period of the scheme's operations. The Railways became New Zealand's first employer to provide workers' accommodation at such a scale, and became the country's largest property developers and landlords.

The houses could be constructed in two to three weeks by just a handful of workers.

The programme affected the private housing market, where the average cost of a five-room house fell from £831 to £635. The private construction industry was threatened by this state competition and lobbied for the end of the housing scheme, arguing that private enterprise could build workers' houses more cheaply. This led to the end of the scheme, and the closure of the Frankton factory in 1929.

### Post-1929

Lessons from the Railways' housing scheme influenced the state housing scheme of the First Labour Government of New Zealand in between 1935–1949.

### Disposal and sales

In 1979 NZR's general manager, Trevor Hayward, published a pamphlet titled "Time for Change" indicating that the Railways were looking at ending the provision of staff housing in all but the most isolated areas of the railway network. The pamphlet noted NZR owned 4,000 houses, most of which were over 60 years old and were in a poor state of repair. In 1982, land transport was deregulated and the Railways Department was corporatised into the New Zealand Railways Corporation, and a business group was formed within the corporation known as Rail Properties, to manage the corporation's land and housing assets. In 1983, international consultants proposed major staff cuts to make the corporation profitable, which resulted in the need for railway housing to decrease substantially.

The Rail Properties group began analysing its housing stock, and concluded selling all housing would provide the corporation with $100m in income. In July 1988, details of the sell-off were announced by Rail Properties in a booklet to all tenants entitled "Sale of Railway Houses". This outraged many tenants who would have to pay market rates and lost the security of a state landlord. In 1990, the corporation sold all of the railway houses in the town of Otira in the South Island, with a peppercorn rental paid on the land.

Some were retained by the corporation and later transferred to its successors, the last being occupied in 2012 when its tenant, at Cass on the Midland Line retired. The house itself is still owned by KiwiRail.

The Frankton Factory has been preserved and is a Heritage Listed Building. Many houses remain intact today. Over the years, many have been removed or relocated from their original locations. Some that remain have heritage status under local District Plans.

## Architecture

The railway houses used standardised plans to allow for mass production and to keep the costs low. The external design was influenced by the American West Coast or California bungalow, and included Georgian façades, open eaves, and a limited variation of decorative porches, and the use of hipped, gabled or gable hipped roofs.

The standard variation of entry porches included trellised porches with hipped roofs; bungalow-styled exposed pointed rafters; gabled hips with Art Nouveau bracketed posts; Arts and Crafts shallow-hipped arches with trellised posts; or a combination of these different elements.

Street-facing windows could have hoods in the same style as the roof. These were either separate or joined to the porch roof. Windows were timber double hung sash with Queen Anne-styled multi-panes on the upper sash.

They had piled foundations, suspended timber floors, timber frames, eternal bevel-back weatherboard cladding, and sarking-lined internal walls.

The houses were typically five room family cottages consisting of three bedrooms, a sitting room and a dining room. A lean-to at the back contained a small kitchen, bathroom and laundry. The houses had a separate outhouse and coal shed.

A larger house was designed for railways officers.

## Railway settlements

Planned settlements and subdivisions were often laid out on railway land to accommodate the houses. The largest settlements were developed at Frankton and Moera, with smaller settlements along the railways' main trunk and secondary lines.

The initial premise of the settlements was to follow garden city principles of planning; the scheme was influenced by Samuel Hurst Seager's "garden suburb" at Sumner Spur, Christchurch (1902–1914). The settlement at Frankton is an example of this, with green spaces, well-connected streets, and community areas. As the scheme continued and the department prioritised the speed of development, these ideals became less important. This led to some developments lacking any amenities including footpaths, with the workers being told to keep their own gardens to a tidy standard to help provide the same effects as a garden suburb. Such was the case with Milson in Palmerston North, which was only provided with a community center and school after the tenants complained.

Settlements were often not connected to boroughs' service lines due to the Railways Department not paying rates to the Councils.

## Locations

Railway settlements and subdivisions were established in several locations including Frankton, where the factory was located, Marton, Milson, Newmarket, Ngaio, Ohakune, Otahuhu, Stratford, Taumarunui, Taihape and Welbourn, as well as in Greymouth. Moera was unusual in not directly being a railways settlement but developed as part of the provisions of the Hutt Valley Lands Settlement Act 1925.

### Citations

### Bibliography


title: 1889 Invercargill mayoral election

abstract: The 1889 Invercargill mayoral election was held on 27 November 1889. Former mayor John Walker Mitchell defeated James Mackintosh.

text:
# 1889 Invercargill mayoral election

The **1889 Invercargill mayoral election** was held on 27 November 1889.

Former mayor John Walker Mitchell defeated James Mackintosh.

## Results

The following table gives the election results:

1889 Invercargill mayoral election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Independent** | **John Walker Mitchell** | **234** | **59.39** |  |
|  | Independent | James Mackintosh | 160 | 40.61 |  |
| Majority | | | 74 | 18.78 |  |
| Turnout | | | 394 |  |  |

## InfoBox

1889 Invercargill mayoral election
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Turnout | 394 |
| Candidate John Walker Mitchell James Mackintosh  Party Independent Independent  Popular vote 234 160  Percentage 59.39 40.61 | |
| ---  **Mayor before election**
Thomas Fleming
 **Elected mayor**
John Walker Mitchell
 | |