title: List of PlayStation Vita games (T–V)

text:
# List of PlayStation Vita games (T–V)

## Games list (T–V)

There are currently **1732** games across the lists of PlayStation Vita games.

For a chronological list, click the sort button in any of the available region's columns. Games dated December 17, 2011 (JP), February 15, 2012 (NA), and February 22, 2012 (EU) are launch titles of each region respectively.

| Title | Genre(s) | Developer(s) | Publisher(s) | Release date | | | PS TV compat. | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | North America | Europe | Japan | | |
| *t@g* | Application | Bolser | Sony Computer Entertainment | Unreleased | Unreleased | Feb 22, 2012 | No |  |
| *Table Football* | Sports | Four Door Lemon | Sony Computer Entertainment | Feb 22, 2012 | Mar 8, 2012 | Jun 28, 2012 | No |  |
| *Table Ice Hockey* | Sports | Four Door Lemon | Sony Computer Entertainment | Sep 25, 2012 | Sep 26, 2012 | May 9, 2013 | No |  |
| *Table Mini Golf* | Sports | Four Door Lemon | Sony Computer Entertainment | Apr 9, 2013 | Apr 10, 2013 | Unreleased | No |  |
| *Table Top Racing* | Racing | Playrise Digital | Ripstone | Aug 5, 2014 | Aug 6, 2014 | Unreleased | Yes |  |
| *Table Top Tanks* | Shooter | Studio Liverpool | Sony Computer Entertainment | May 22, 2012 | May 23, 2012 | Jul 31, 2012 | No |  |
| *Tachyon Project* | Shooter | Eclipse Games | Eclipse Games (NA/EU)
Cosen (JP) | Mar 29, 2016 | Mar 29, 2016 | Aug 23, 2017 | No |  |
| *Taco Master* | Cooking | Kaxan Games | Kaxan Games | Dec 8, 2015 | Unreleased | Unreleased | No |  |
| *Tadeo Jones* | Platform | U-Play Studios | Deep Silver | Unreleased | Dec 4, 2013 | Unreleased | No |  |
| *Tadeo Jones Y El Manuscrito Perdido* | Platform | U-Play Studios | Deep Silver | Unreleased | Nov 28, 2014 | Unreleased | No |  |
| *Taiheiyō no Arashi: Kōkoku no Kōhai Koko ni Ari, 1942 Senkan Yamato Hankō no Gōjū* | Turn-based strategy | SystemSoft Alpha | SystemSoft Alpha | Unreleased | Unreleased | Dec 22, 2016 | Yes |  |
| *Taiheiyō no Arashi: Shijōsaidai no Gekisen Normandy Kōbō-sen!* | Turn-based strategy | SystemSoft Alpha | SystemSoft Alpha | Unreleased | Unreleased | Nov 9, 2017 | Yes |  |
| *Taiko no Tatsujin V Version* | Rhythm | Bandai Namco Entertainment | Bandai Namco Entertainment | Unreleased | Unreleased | Jul 9, 2015 | No |  |
| *Taishō Mebiusline Vitable* | Visual novel | LoveDelivery | Dramatic Create | Unreleased | Unreleased | Jan 28, 2016 | Yes |  |
| *Taishō Mebiusline Teito Bibouroku Hare* | Visual novel | LoveDelivery | Dramatic Create | Unreleased | Unreleased | Aug 24, 2017 | Yes |  |
| *Taishō x Alice: All in One* | Otome game | Primula | Prototype | Unreleased | Unreleased | Jun 2, 2016 | Yes |  |
| *Taishō x Alice: Heads & Tails* | Otome game | Primula | Prototype | Unreleased | Unreleased | Dec 7, 2017 | Yes |  |
| *Takotan* | Action | Eastasiasoft | Eastasiasoft | Oct 23, 2020 | Oct 23, 2020 | Oct 23, 2020 | No |  |
| *Tales from Space: Mutant Blobs Attack* | Platform | DrinkBox Studios | DrinkBox Studios | Feb 21, 2012 | Feb 22, 2012 | Unreleased | No |  |
| *Tales of Hearts R* | Action role-playing | 7th Chord, Bandai Namco Studios | Bandai Namco Games | Nov 11, 2014 | Nov 14, 2014 | Mar 7, 2013 | Europe/North America only |  |
| *Tales of Innocence R* | Action role-playing | 7th Chord | Bandai Namco Games | Unreleased | Unreleased | Jan 26, 2012 | Yes |  |
| *Talisman: Digital Edition* | Board game | Nomad Games, BlitWorks | Nomad Games | Mar 7, 2017 | Mar 7, 2017 | Unreleased | Yes |  |
| *Task Force Kampas* | Action | Eastasiasoft | Eastasiasoft | Sep 1, 2020 | Sep 8, 2020 | Aug 28, 2020 | No |  |
| *Tayutama 2: You're the only one* | Visual novel | Lump of Sugar | Entergram | Unreleased | Unreleased | Sep 27, 2018 | No |  |
| *Tearaway* | Platform | Media Molecule | Sony Computer Entertainment | Nov 22, 2013 | Nov 22, 2013 | Dec 5, 2013 | No |  |
| *Teikoku Kaigun Koi Bojō: Meiji Yokosuka Kōshinkyoku* | Otome game | HuneX | D3 Publisher | Unreleased | Unreleased | Sep 25, 2015 | Yes |  |
| *Teikoku Kaleido: Kakumei no Rondo* | Otome game | Opera House | Dramatic Create | Unreleased | Unreleased | Sep 21, 2017 | Yes |  |
| *Tengai ni Mau, Iki na Hana* | Otome game | Otomate | Idea Factory | Unreleased | Unreleased | Apr 26, 2018 | Yes |  |
| *Tennis in the Face* | Action | 10tons | 10tons | Mar 17, 2015 | Mar 18, 2015 | Unreleased | Yes |  |
| *Tenshitsuki no Shōjo* | Visual novel | Nail | Daidai | Unreleased | Unreleased | Dec 20, 2012 | Yes |  |
| *Terraria* | Action sidescroller, sandbox | Re-Logic, Engine Software | 505 Games (NA/EU)
Spike Chunsoft (JP) | Dec 17, 2013 | Dec 4, 2013 | Feb 6, 2014 | No |  |
| *Teslagrad* | Puzzle-platform | Rain Games | Rain Games (NA/EU)
Square Enix (JP) | Nov 24, 2015 | Nov 27, 2015 | Apr 28, 2016 | No |  |
| *Tetra's Escape* | Puzzle | ABX Game Studio, Ratalaika Games | Ratalaika Games | Aug 8, 2018 | Aug 8, 2018 | Unreleased | No |  |
| *Tetris Ultimate* | Puzzle | SoMa Play | Ubisoft | Jun 2, 2015 | Jun 4, 2015 | Unreleased | No |  |
| *Thomas Was Alone* | Puzzle-platform | Mike Bithell Games, Curve Studios | Curve Digital | Apr 23, 2013 | Apr 24, 2013 | Unreleased | Yes |  |
| *Three Fourths Home: Extended Edition* | Visual novel | Bracket Games | Digerati | Oct 6, 2015 | Dec 9, 2015 | Unreleased | No |  |
| *Thunder Paw* | Platform | Ratalaika Games | Sometimes You | Mar 17, 2020 | Unreleased | Unreleased | No |  |
| *Thy Sword* | Platform | Gamephase | Ratalaika Games | Mar 12, 2020 | Unreleased | May 28, 2020 | No |  |
| *Tic-Tac-Letters by POWGI* | Platform | Lightwood Games | Lightwood Games | Oct 1, 2019 | Unreleased | Unreleased | No |  |
| *Timepiece Ensemble* | Visual novel | Glace | Entergram | Unreleased | Unreleased | Feb 23, 2017 | Yes |  |
| *Time Recoil* | Shooter | 10tons | 10tons | Jan 30, 2018 | Jan 31, 2018 | Unreleased | No |  |
| *Timespinner* | Metroidvania | Lunar Ray Games | Chucklefish | Sep 25, 2018 | Unreleased | Unreleased | No |  |
| *Time Travelers* | Visual novel | Level-5 | Level-5 | Unreleased | Unreleased | Jul 12, 2012 | Yes |  |
| *Tiny Troopers: Joint Ops* | Shooter | Kukouri Mobile Entertainment, Plunge Interactive | Wired Productions (NA/EU)
CrossFunction (JP) | Oct 28, 2014 | Oct 29, 2014 | Jul 10, 2015 | No |  |
| *Titan Souls* | Action-adventure | Acid Nerve | Devolver Digital | Apr 14, 2015 | Apr 15, 2015 | Unreleased | Yes |  |
| *Titan Attacks!* | RTS/tower defense | Puppy Games | Curve Digital | May 6, 2014 | May 7, 2014 | Jan 14, 2015 | Yes |  |
| *Toaru Majutsu no Virtual-On* | Action | Sega | Sega | Unreleased | Unreleased | Feb 15, 2018 | No |  |
| *TOEIC Test Jissen Tokkun* | Educational | Media5 | Media5 | Unreleased | Unreleased | Mar 22, 2012 | Yes |  |
| *TOEIC Test Jissen Tokkun 2* | Educational | Media5 | Media5 | Unreleased | Unreleased | Apr 25, 2012 | Yes |  |
| *To Heart 2: Dungeon Travelers* | Dungeon crawler | Sting Entertainment | Aquaplus | Unreleased | Unreleased | Apr 30, 2015 | Yes |  |
| *To Love-Ru Darkness: Battle Ecstasy* | Action | FuRyu | FuRyu | Unreleased | Unreleased | May 22, 2014 | No |  |
| *To Love-Ru Darkness: True Princess* | Dating sim | FuRyu | FuRyu | Unreleased | Unreleased | Nov 5, 2015 | Yes |  |
| *Tokushu Hōdōbu* | Visual novel | Nippon Ichi Software | Nippon Ichi Software | Unreleased | Unreleased | Aug 23, 2012 | Yes |  |
| *Tokeijikake no Ley Line: Kagerō ni Samayō Majo* | Visual novel | Unison Shift: Blossom | Dramatic Create | Unreleased | Unreleased | Apr 27, 2017 | Yes |  |
| *Tokimeki Restaurant: Project Tristars* | * Otome game * Simulation | Koei Tecmo | Koei Tecmo | Unreleased | Unreleased | Feb 22, 2018 | Yes |  |
| *Tokyo Clanpool* | Dungeon crawler | Compile Heart | Compile Heart | Unreleased | Unreleased | Oct 5, 2017 | Yes |  |
| *Tokyo Ghoul: Jail* | Role-playing | Bandai Namco Entertainment | Bandai Namco Entertainment | Unreleased | Unreleased | Oct 1, 2015 | Yes |  |
| *Tokyo Onmyōji: Tengenjibashi Ryō no Baai V Edition* | Otome game | Tyrant | Dramatic Create | Unreleased | Unreleased | Sep 17, 2015 | Yes |  |
| *Tokyo Tattoo Girls* | Simulation | Sushi Typhoon Games | Nikkatsu (JP)
NIS America (NA/EU) | Nov 14, 2017 | Nov 17, 2017 | Sep 30, 2016 | No |  |
| *Tokyo Twilight Ghosthunters* | Tactical role-playing | Now Production, Toybox | Arc System Works (JP)
Aksys Games (NA)
NIS America (EU) | Mar 10, 2015 | Mar 13, 2015 | Apr 10, 2014 | Yes |  |
| *Tokyo Twilight Ghost Hunters: Daybreak Special Gigs* | Tactical role-playing | Now Production, Toybox | Arc System Works (JP)
Aksys Games (NA)
NIS America (EU) | Sep 20, 2016 | Oct 21, 2016 | Nov 26, 2015 | Yes |  |
| *Tokyo Xanadu* | Action role-playing | Nihon Falcom | Nihon Falcom (JP)
Aksys Games (NA/EU) | Jun 30, 2017 | Jun 30, 2017 | Sep 30, 2015 | Yes |  |
| *Tokyo Yamanote Boys for V: Fan Disk* | Otome game | Rejet | Rejet | Unreleased | Unreleased | Aug 31, 2017 | Yes |  |
| *Tokyo Yamanote Boys for V: Main Disk* | Otome game | Rejet | Rejet | Unreleased | Unreleased | Jun 22, 2017 | Yes |  |
| *Tonari ni Kanojo no Iru Shiawase: Two Farce* | Visual novel | Prekano | Entergram | Unreleased | Unreleased | Nov 22, 2017 | Yes |  |
| *Tonari ni Kanojo no Iru Shiawase: Winter Guest* | Visual novel | Entergram | Entergram | Unreleased | Unreleased | Jun 28, 2018 | Yes |  |
| *Torikago no Marriage: Hatsukoi no Tsubasa* | Otome game | Kalmia8 | Dramatic Create | Unreleased | Unreleased | Nov 24, 2016 | Yes |  |
| *Torne* | Application | Sony Computer Entertainment | Sony Computer Entertainment | Unreleased | Unreleased | Dec 20, 2012 | No |  |
| *Top Darts* | Sports | Devil's Detail | Sony Computer Entertainment | Unreleased | Feb 22, 2012 | Unreleased | No |  |
| *Top Trumps Turbo* | Card game | Nyx Digital | Funbox Media | Unreleased | Jun 30, 2017 | Unreleased | No |  |
| *Toro's Friend Network* | Application | Japan Studio | Sony Computer Entertainment | Jun 4, 2013 | Unreleased | Dec 17, 2011 | No |  |
| *Torquel* | Platform | Full Power Side Attack | Playism | Aug 11, 2015 | Jul 1, 2015 | Dec 24, 2014 | Yes |  |
| *Total Recoil* | Action | Eiconic Games | Eiconic Games | Jul 8, 2013 | Jul 3, 2013 | Dec 17, 2013 | No |  |
| *Tottemo E Mahjong* | Mahjong | Arc System Works | Arc System Works | Unreleased | Unreleased | Sep 12, 2012 | Yes |  |
| *Touch Battle Sensha SP* | Shooter | Silver Star | Silver Star | Unreleased | Unreleased | Mar 11, 2015 | No |  |
| *Touch My Katamari* | Action | Bandai Namco Games | Bandai Namco Games | Feb 22, 2012 | Feb 22, 2012 | Dec 17, 2011 | Asia (Hong Kong, Taiwan, South East Asia) only |  |
| *Touhou Double Focus* | Platform | Aqua Style | Mediascape (JP)
NIS America (NA/EU) | Mar 21, 2017 | Mar 24, 2017 | Jan 28, 2016 | Yes |  |
| *Touhou Genso Maroku W: The Devil of Decline* | Role-playing | Strawberry Bose | Mediascape | Unreleased | Unreleased | Jun 29, 2017 | No |  |
| *Touhou Genso Wanderer* | Roguelike | Aqua Style | Mediascape (JP)
NIS America (NA/EU) | Mar 21, 2017 | Mar 24, 2017 | Jul 31, 2015 | Yes |  |
| *Touhou Genso Wanderer Reloaded* | Roguelike | Aqua Style | Mediascape | Unreleased | Unreleased | Dec 22, 2016 | Yes |  |
| *Touhou Sky Arena: Gensokyo Kuusen Hime Matsuri Climax* | Fighting | Area Zero | Mediascape | Unreleased | Unreleased | Sep 14, 2017 | No |  |
| *Touhou Kobuto V: Burst Battle* | Fighting | Cubetype | Mediascape (JP)
NIS America (NA/EU) | Oct 10, 2017 | Oct 13, 2017 | Nov 2, 2016 | No |  |
| *Touhou Sōjin Engi V: The Genius of Sappheiros* | Role-playing | Strawberry Bose | Mediascape | Unreleased | Unreleased | Apr 28, 2016 | Yes |  |
| *Toukiden: The Age of Demons* | Action role-playing | Omega Force | Tecmo Koei | Feb 11, 2014 | Feb 14, 2014 | Jun 27, 2013 | Yes |  |
| *Toukiden: Kiwami* | Action role-playing | Omega Force | Koei Tecmo | Mar 31, 2015 | Mar 27, 2015 | Aug 28, 2014 | Yes |  |
| *Toukiden 2* | Action role-playing | Omega Force | Koei Tecmo | Mar 21, 2017 | Mar 24, 2017 | Jul 28, 2016 | Yes |  |
| *Tower of Beatrice, The* | Adventure | Fairy Forest | Sometimes You | Jul 31, 2019 | Jul 31, 2019 | Unreleased | No |  |
| *TowerFall Ascension* | Action | Matt Makes Games, Sickhead Games | Matt Makes Games | Dec 15, 2015 | Jun 21, 2016 | Unreleased | Yes (1-4 players) |  |
| *Traveling Stars* | Visual novel | Hooksoft | Piacci | Unreleased | Unreleased | Nov 24, 2016 | Yes |  |
| *Treasure Park* | Puzzle | Sony Computer Entertainment | Sony Computer Entertainment | Sep 4, 2012 | Sep 5, 2012 | Aug 29, 2012 | No |  |
| *Treasures of Montezuma 4* | Puzzle | SPL | Alawar Entertainment (NA/EU)
Smartphone Labs (JP) | Dec 22, 2015 | Dec 22, 2015 | Mar 28, 2017 | No |  |
| *Treasures of Montezuma: Arena* | Puzzle | Alawar Entertainment | Alawar Entertainment | Jul 29, 2014 | May 28, 2014 | Unreleased | Yes |  |
| *Treasures of Montezuma: Blitz* | Puzzle | Alawar Entertainment | Alawar Entertainment | Apr 10, 2012 | Mar 24, 2012 | Unreleased | Yes |  |
| *Trillion: God of Destruction* | Role-playing | Compile Heart | Compile Heart (JP)
Idea Factory (NA/EU) | Mar 29, 2016 | Apr 1, 2016 | Jul 23, 2015 | Yes |  |
| *Tsuihō Senkyo* | Adventure | Nippon Ichi Software, Regista | Nippon Ichi Software | Unreleased | Unreleased | Apr 27, 2017 | Yes |  |
| *Tsuki ni Yorisō: Otome no Sahō: Hidamari no Hibi* | Visual novel | Navel | Dramatic Create | Unreleased | Unreleased | Nov 26, 2015 | Yes |  |
| *Tsukitomo: Tsukiuta 12 Memories* | Visual novel | Bandai Namco Entertainment, Netchubiyori | Bandai Namco Entertainment | Unreleased | Unreleased | Jun 1, 2017 | Yes |  |
| *Tsumikui: Sen no Noroi, Sen no Inori for V* | Otome game | Operetta | Dramatic Create | Unreleased | Unreleased | Jun 29, 2017 | Yes |  |
| *Twin Breaker: A Sacred Symbols Adventure* | Action | Lillymo Games | Lillymo Games | Mar 24, 2020 | Unreleased | Unreleased | No |  |
| *Twin Robots* | Platform | Thinice, Ratalaika Games | Ratalaika Games | Oct 3, 2017 | Oct 4, 2017 | Unreleased | No |  |
| *TxK* | Shooter | Llamasoft | Llamasoft | Feb 11, 2014 | Feb 12, 2014 | Unreleased | Yes |  |
| *Type:Rider* | Platform | Ex Nihilo | Plug In Digital | Jul 12, 2016 | Unreleased | Unreleased | No |  |
| *Ukiyo no Rōshi* | Action | Acquire | Spike Chunsoft | Unreleased | Unreleased | Jan 29, 2015 | Yes |  |
| *Ultimate Marvel vs. Capcom 3* | Fighting | Capcom, Eighting | Capcom | Feb 15, 2012 | Feb 22, 2012 | Dec 17, 2011 | Yes |  |
| *Ultracore* | Run and gun | Inin Games | Strictly Limited Games | July 21, 2020 | July 24, 2020 | Unreleased | Yes |  |
| *Ultra Mission* | Shooter | Gumbo Machine | Gumbo Machine | July 22, 2021 | July 20, 2021 | Unreleased | Yes |  |
| *Ultratron* | Shooter | Puppy Games, Curve Studios | Curve Digital | May 12, 2015 | May 13, 2015 | Unreleased | Yes |  |
| *Un:Birthday Song: Ai o Utau Shinigami - Another Record* | Otome game | Honeybee | Honeybee | Unreleased | Unreleased | Dec 21, 2017 | Yes |  |
| *Uncanny Valley* | Survival horror | Cowardly Creation | Digerati | Feb 7, 2017 | Feb 8, 2017 | Unreleased | No |  |
| *Uncharted: Fight for Fortune* | Collectible card game | Bend Studio, One Loop Games | Sony Computer Entertainment | Dec 4, 2012 | Dec 12, 2012 | Unreleased | Yes |  |
| *Uncharted: Golden Abyss* | Action-adventure | Bend Studio, One Loop Games | Sony Computer Entertainment | Feb 15, 2012 | Feb 22, 2012 | Dec 17, 2011 | No |  |
| *Under Night In-Birth Exe:Latest* | Fighting | Ecole Software, French Bread | Arc System Works (JP)
Aksys Games (NA)
PQube (EU) | Feb 9, 2018 | Feb 9, 2018 | Jul 20, 2017 | No |  |
| *Undertale* | Role-playing | 8-4 | 8-4 | Aug 15, 2017 | Aug 15, 2017 | Aug 16, 2017 | Yes |  |
| *Unepic* | Action-adventure | Francisco Téllez de Meneses | A Crowd of Monsters | Mar 29, 2016 | Feb 2, 2016 | Unreleased | No |  |
| *The Unfinished Swan* | Adventure | Giant Sparrow, Santa Monica Studio, Armature Studio | Sony Computer Entertainment | Oct 28, 2014 | Oct 29, 2014 | Oct 23, 2014 | Yes |  |
| *Unit 13* | Third-person shooter | Zipper Interactive | Sony Computer Entertainment | Mar 6, 2012 | Mar 7, 2012 | Mar 8, 2012 | No |  |
| *UniUni Union* | Puzzle | Nihon Kogakuin College of Hachioji Development Team | Grasshopper Manufacture | Unreleased | Unreleased | June 21, 2012 | No |  |
| *UnMetal* | Action-adventure | @unepic\_fran | Eastasiasoft | Apr 21, 2021 | Apr 21, 2021 | Unreleased | No |  |
| *Uppers* | Beat 'em up | Marvelous | Marvelous | Unreleased | Unreleased | Jul 14, 2016 | Yes |  |
| *Urban Trial Freestyle* | * Platform * racing |  | Tate Interactive | Feb 19, 2013 | Feb 20, 2013 | Aug 29, 2013 | No |  |
| *Usotsuki Hime to Moumoku Ouji* | Action | Nippon Ichi Software | Nippon Ichi Software | Unreleased | Unreleased | May 31, 2018 | Yes |  |
| *Usotsuki Shangri-La* | Otome game | Rejet | Rejet | Unreleased | Unreleased | Nov 30, 2017 | Yes |  |
| *Uta Kumi 575* | Rhythm | Sega | Sega | Unreleased | Unreleased | Jan 23, 2014 | No |  |
| *Uta no Prince-sama: Amazing Aria & Sweet Serenade* | * Otome game * Quiz | Broccoli | Broccoli | Unreleased | Unreleased | Oct 19, 2017 | No |  |
| *Uta no Prince-sama Music 3* | Rhythm | Broccoli | Broccoli | Unreleased | Unreleased | Jan 28, 2016 | Yes |  |
| *Uta no Prince-sama Repeat Love* | Otome game | Broccoli | Broccoli | Unreleased | Unreleased | Jan 26, 2017 | Yes |  |
| *Utawarerumono: Prelude to the Fallen* | * Tactical role-playing * visual novel | Aquaplus | NIS America | May 29, 2020 | May 26, 2020 | Apr 28, 2018 | Yes |  |
| *Utawarerumono: Mask of Deception* | * Tactical role-playing * visual novel |  |  | May 23, 2017 | May 23, 2017 | Sep 24, 2015 | Yes |  |
| *Utawarerumono: Mask of Truth* | * Tactical role-playing * visual novel | Aquaplus |  | Sep 5, 2017 | Sep 5, 2017 | Sep 21, 2016 | Yes |  |
| *Utsusemi no Meguri* | Otome game | Matatabi | Matatabi | Unreleased | Unreleased | Jul 27, 2017 | Yes |  |
| *VA-11 HALL-A* | * Visual novel * Simulation | Sukeban Games, Wolfgame | Wolfgame (NA/EU)
Playism (JP) | Nov 14, 2017 | Apr 20, 2018 | Nov 16, 2017 | Yes |  |
| *Valhalla Knights 3* | Action role-playing | K2 | Marvelous AQL (JP)
Xseed Games (NA/EU) | Oct 15, 2013 | Oct 23, 2013 | May 23, 2013 | Yes |  |
| *Valkyria Revolution* | Action role-playing | Media.Vision | Sega | Jun 27, 2017 | Jun 30, 2017 | Jan 19, 2017 | Yes |  |
| *Valkyrie Drive: Bhikkhuni* | Beat 'em up | Meteorise | Marvelous (JP)
PQube (NA/EU) | Sep 16, 2016 | Sep 16, 2016 | Dec 10, 2015 | Yes |  |
| *Vamwolf Cross* | Otome game | Vridge | D3 Publisher | Unreleased | Unreleased | Jun 25, 2015 | Yes |  |
| *Variable Barricade* | Otome game | Otomate, Design Factory | Idea Factory | Unreleased | Unreleased | Oct 11, 2018 | Yes |  |
| *Vasara Collection* | Shooter | QUByte Interactive | Strictly Limited Games | Aug 13, 2019 | Jul 28, 2019 | Unreleased | No |  |
| *Vasilis* | Adventure | Marginal act | Sometimes You | Feb 26, 2020 | Feb 26, 2020 | Unreleased | No |  |
| *Vegas Party* | Board game | Visual Impact | Funbox Media | Jan 3, 2018 | Dec 8, 2017 | Unreleased | No |  |
| *Velocibox* | Endless runner | Shawn Beck Games | Loot Interactive | Jul 28, 2015 | Jul 28, 2015 | Unreleased | Yes |  |
| *Velocity Ultra* | Shoot 'em up | FuturLab | FuturLab | Jul 2, 2013 | May 15, 2013 | Unreleased | Yes |  |
| *Velocity 2X* | Shoot 'em up | FuturLab | FuturLab | Sep 2, 2014 | Sep 3, 2014 | Sep 17, 2014 | Yes |  |
| *Venus Project* | Card battle | Galat Games | Galat Games | Unreleased | Unreleased | Apr 21, 2015 | Yes |  |
| *Vertical Drop Heroes HD* | Platform | Nerdook Productions | Digerati | Feb 14, 2017 | Feb 15, 2017 | Unreleased | No |  |
| *Virtua Tennis 4: World Tour Edition* | Sports | Sega | Sega | Feb 15, 2012 | Feb 22, 2012 | Dec 17, 2011 | No |  |
| *Vitamin X: Destination* | Otome game | HuneX | D3 Publisher | Unreleased | Unreleased | Feb 22, 2018 | Yes |  |
| *Vitamin Z* | Shooter | Namazu Studios | Namazu Studios | May 27, 2015 | Unreleased | Unreleased | Yes |  |
| *Volgarr the Viking* | Action-platform | Crazy Viking Studios | Crazy Viking Studios | Nov 16, 2016 | Nov 7, 2017 | Unreleased | Yes |  |
| *Volt* | Puzzle | Nihon Kogakuin College of Hachioji Development Team | Grasshopper Manufacture | Unreleased | Unreleased | June 21, 2012 | No |  |
| *Volume* | Stealth | Mike Bithell Games | Mike Bithell Games | Jan 6, 2016 | Jan 6, 2016 | Unreleased | Yes |  |
| *Vostok Inc.* | Shooter | Nosebleed Interactive | BadLand Games | Sep 22, 2017 | Sep 22, 2017 | Oct 3, 2017 | Yes |  |
| *VVVVVV* | Platform | Terry Cavanagh | Nicalis | Aug 25, 2015 | Aug 26, 2015 | Unreleased | Yes |  |

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title: Ostholstein – Stormarn-Nord

abstract: Ostholstein – Stormarn-Nord is an electoral constituency represented in the Bundestag. It elects one member via first-past-the-post voting. Under the current constituency numbering system, it is designated as constituency 9. It is located in eastern Schleswig-Holstein, comprising the Ostholstein district and northeastern parts of the Stormarn district. Ostholstein – Stormarn-Nord was created for the 1976 federal election. Since 2021, it has been represented by Bettina Hagedorn of the Social Democratic Party (SPD).

text:
# Ostholstein – Stormarn-Nord

**Ostholstein – Stormarn-Nord** (English: **Ostholstein – Stormarn-North**) is an electoral constituency (German: *Wahlkreis*) represented in the Bundestag. It elects one member via first-past-the-post voting. Under the current constituency numbering system, it is designated as constituency 9. It is located in eastern Schleswig-Holstein, comprising the Ostholstein district and northeastern parts of the Stormarn district.

Ostholstein – Stormarn-Nord was created for the 1976 federal election. Since 2021, it has been represented by Bettina Hagedorn of the Social Democratic Party (SPD).

## Geography

Ostholstein – Stormarn-Nord is located in eastern Schleswig-Holstein. As of the 2021 federal election, it comprises the entirety of the Ostholstein district, and the municipality of Reinfeld and Amt of Nordstormarn from the Stormarn district.

## History

Ostholstein – Stormarn-Nord was created in 1976, then known as *Ostholstein*. It contained parts of the abolished constituencies of *Plön* and *Segeberg – Eutin*. Originally, it was coterminous with the Ostholstein district. In the 1998 election, the municipality of Reinfeld and Amt of Nordstormarn were transferred from *Segeberg – Stormarn-Nord* to Ostholstein. The constituency acquired its current name in the 2013 election.

| Election | No. | Name | Borders |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1976 | 9 | Ostholstein |  |
| | | | 1980 |
| | | | 1983 |
| | | | 1987 |
| | | | 1990 |
| | | | 1994 |
| | | 1998 |  |
| | | 2002 |
| | | 2005 |
| | | 2009 |
| | 2013 | Ostholstein – Stormarn-Nord |
| | 2017 |
| | 2021 |
| | 2025 |

## Members

The constituency was held by the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) from its creation in 1976 until 1980, during which time it was represented by Karl Carstens, who resigned in 1979 to become President of the Federal Republic. The constituency was won by the Social Democratic Party (SPD) in 1980, and represented by Günther Jansen for a single term. Rolf Olderog regained it for the CDU in 1983, and served as its member until 1998. From 1998 to 2009, it was held by the SPD, during which time it was represented by Antje-Marie Steen until 2002, and then Bettina Hagedorn. Ingo Gädechens of the CDU was elected in 2009, and re-elected in 2013 and 2017. Former member Hagedorn regained the constituency for the SPD in 2021.

| Election | | Member | Party | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 1976 | Karl Carstens | CDU | 46.9 |
|  | 1980 | Günther Jansen | SPD | 48.8 |
|  | 1983 | Rolf Olderog | CDU | 52.3 |
| | 1987 | | | 48.5 |
| | 1990 | | | 50.0 |
| | 1994 | | | 49.1 |
|  | 1998 | Antje-Marie Steen | SPD | 48.0 |
|  | 2002 | Bettina Hagedorn | SPD | 48.5 |
| | 2005 | | | 44.6 |
|  | 2009 | Ingo Gädechens | CDU | 38.5 |
| | 2013 | | | 45.8 |
| | 2017 | | | 41.5 |
|  | 2021 | Bettina Hagedorn | SPD | 33.7 |

## Election results

### 2021 election

| Federal election (2021): Ostholstein – Stormarn-Nord | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Notes: | | Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively. | | | | | | | |
| Party | | Candidate | | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% |
|  | SPD | Bettina Hagedorn | | 47,714 | 33.7 | 2.9 | 42,520 | 30.0 | 5.4 |
|  | CDU | N Ingo Gädechens | | 42,991 | 30.3 | 11.2 | 35,564 | 25.1 | 10.6 |
|  | Greens | Jakob Brunken | | 19,025 | 13.4 | 6.5 | 22,314 | 15.7 | 5.9 |
|  | FDP | Jörg Hansen | | 13,289 | 9.4 | 2.1 | 17,986 | 12.7 | 0.5 |
|  | AfD | Uwe Witt | | 9,647 | 6.8 | 1.1 | 10,073 | 7.1 | 1.5 |
|  | Left | Susanne Spethmann | | 4,122 | 2.9 | 1.5 | 4,036 | 2.8 | 3.2 |
|  | SSW |  | | | | | 2,241 | 1.6 |  |
|  | Human Environment Animal Protection |  | | | | | 1,729 | 1.2 |  |
|  | FW | David Gutzeit | | 2,582 | 1.8 | 1.0 | 1,603 | 1.1 | 0.5 |
|  | dieBasis | Michael Metzig | | 2,032 | 1.4 |  | 1,691 | 1.2 |  |
|  | PARTEI |  | | | | | 1,104 | 0.8 | 0.1 |
|  | Independent | Mergim Schlüter | | 389 | 0.3 |  |  | | |
|  | Volt |  | | | | | 289 | 0.2 |  |
|  | NPD |  | | | | | 198 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
|  | Team Todenhöfer |  | | | | | 182 | 0.1 |  |
|  | V-Partei3 |  | | | | | 111 | 0.1 |  |
|  | ÖDP |  | | | | | 102 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
|  | Humanists |  | | | | | 88 | 0.1 |  |
|  | du. |  | | | | | 65 | 0.0 |  |
|  | LKR |  | | | | | 29 | 0.0 |  |
|  | DKP |  | | | | | 28 | 0.0 |  |
|  | MLPD |  | | | | | 13 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Informal votes | | | | 1,301 |  |  | 1,126 |  |  |
| **Total valid votes** | | | | 141,791 |  |  | 141,966 |  |  |
| **Turnout** | | | | 143,092 | 78.1 | 1.9 |  | | |
|  | SPD **gain** from CDU | | **Majority** | 4,723 | 3.4 |  |  | | |

### 2017 election

| Federal election (2017): Ostholstein – Stormarn-Nord | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Notes: | | Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively. | | | | | | | |
| Party | | Candidate | | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% |
|  | CDU | Y Ingo Gädechens | | 56,996 | 41.5 | 4.3 | 48,898 | 35.6 | 5.5 |
|  | SPD | Bettina Hagedorn | | 42,232 | 30.8 | 6.3 | 33,764 | 24.6 | 6.9 |
|  | AfD | Axel Gehrke | | 10,790 | 7.9 | 4.1 | 11,782 | 8.6 | 3.6 |
|  | FDP | Joachim Rinke | | 10,047 | 7.3 | 5.0 | 18,147 | 13.2 | 7.1 |
|  | Greens | Jakob Brunken | | 9,539 | 6.9 | 1.5 | 13,493 | 9.8 | 1.8 |
|  | Left | Klaus Eickmeyer | | 6,062 | 4.4 | 1.0 | 8,303 | 6.0 | 1.7 |
|  | PARTEI |  | | | | | 1,205 | 0.9 |  |
|  | FW | Stephanie Lubnow | | 1,117 | 0.8 |  | 870 | 0.6 | 0.1 |
|  | FAMILIE | Thomas Vollbracht | | 506 | 0.4 |  |  | | |
|  | BGE |  | | | | | 311 | 0.2 |  |
|  | NPD |  | | | | | 301 | 0.2 | 0.3 |
|  | ÖDP |  | | | | | 179 | 0.1 |  |
|  | MLPD |  | | | | | 42 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Informal votes | | | | 1,150 |  |  | 1,144 |  |  |
| **Total valid votes** | | | | 137,289 |  |  | 137,295 |  |  |
| **Turnout** | | | | 138,439 | 76.3 | 3.0 |  | | |
|  | CDU **hold** | | **Majority** | 14,764 | 10.7 | 2.1 |  | | |

### 2013 election

| Federal election (2013): Ostholstein – Stormarn-Nord | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Notes: | | Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively. | | | | | | | |
| Party | | Candidate | | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% |
|  | CDU | Y Ingo Gädechens | | 59,783 | 45.9 | 7.2 | 53,705 | 41.2 | 8.4 |
|  | SPD | Bettina Hagedorn | | 48,349 | 37.1 | 2.9 | 41,134 | 31.5 | 3.3 |
|  | Greens | Maria-Elisabeth Fritzen | | 7,145 | 5.5 | 2.7 | 10,490 | 8.0 | 2.6 |
|  | AfD | Sven Schmidt | | 4,897 | 3.8 |  | 6,471 | 5.0 |  |
|  | Left | Karin Kohlmorgen | | 4,469 | 3.4 | 3.0 | 5,663 | 4.3 | 2.9 |
|  | FDP | Bernd Buchholz | | 2,962 | 2.3 | 9.0 | 8,036 | 6.2 | 11.5 |
|  | Pirates | Sven Jörns | | 2,060 | 1.6 |  | 2,111 | 1.6 | 0.0 |
|  | FW |  | | | | | 709 | 0.5 |  |
|  | NPD | Stefan Koch | | 723 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 737 | 0.6 | 0.4 |
|  | Human Environment Animal Protection |  | | | | | 917 | 0.7 |  |
|  | Rentner |  | | | | | 489 | 0.4 | 0.5 |
|  | MLPD |  | | | | | 25 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Informal votes | | | | 1,551 |  |  | 1,452 |  |  |
| **Total valid votes** | | | | 130,388 |  |  | 130,487 |  |  |
| **Turnout** | | | | 131,939 | 73.3 | 0.0 |  | | |
|  | CDU **hold** | | **Majority** | 11,434 | 8.8 | 4.6 |  | | |

### 2009 election

| Federal election (2009): Ostholstein | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Notes: | | Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively. | | | | | | | |
| Party | | Candidate | | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% |
|  | CDU | Ingo Gädechens | | 49,363 | 38.6 | 5.0 | 42,193 | 32.8 | 5.0 |
|  | SPD | N Bettina Hagedorn | | 43,765 | 34.2 | 10.3 | 36,329 | 28.2 | 10.6 |
|  | FDP | Hendrik Gerd Siegel | | 14,397 | 11.3 | 7.4 | 22,701 | 17.6 | 7.2 |
|  | Greens | Maria-Elisabeth Fritzen | | 10,411 | 8.1 | 5.4 | 13,651 | 10.6 | 3.9 |
|  | Left | Lutz Heilmann | | 8,235 | 6.4 | 3.3 | 9,342 | 7.3 | 3.1 |
|  | Pirates |  | | | | | 2,062 | 1.6 |  |
|  | NPD | Marcus Tietz | | 1,270 | 1.0 | 0.1 | 1,192 | 0.9 | 0.0 |
|  | Rentner |  | | | | | 1,178 | 0.9 |  |
|  | Independent | Jan Janssen | | 433 | 0.3 |  |  | | |
|  | DVU |  | | | | | 132 | 0.1 |  |
|  | MLPD |  | | | | | 43 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Informal votes | | | | 4,043 |  |  | 3,094 |  |  |
| **Total valid votes** | | | | 127,874 |  |  | 128,823 |  |  |
| **Turnout** | | | | 131,917 | 73.3 | 6.0 |  | | |
|  | CDU **gain** from SPD | | **Majority** | 5,598 | 4.4 |  |  | | |

## InfoBox

| 9 Ostholstein – Stormarn-Nord | |
| --- | --- |
| Electoral district
for the Bundestag | |
| Ostholstein – Stormarn-Nord in 2025 | |
| State | Schleswig-Holstein |
| Population | 220,600 (2019) |
| Electorate | 183,138 (2021) |
| Major settlements | Bad Schwartau
Eutin |
| Area | 1,533.7 km2 |
| Current electoral district | |
| Created | 1976 |
| Party | SPD |
| Member | Bettina Hagedorn |
| Elected | 2021 |


title: Particle size analysis

abstract: Particle size analysis, particle size measurement, or simply particle sizing, is the collective name of the technical procedures, or laboratory techniques which determines the size range, and/or the average, or mean size of the particles in a powder or liquid sample. Particle size analysis is part of particle science, and it is generally carried out in particle technology laboratories. The particle size measurement is typically achieved by means of devices, called Particle Size Analyzers (PSA), which are based on different technologies, such as high definition image processing, analysis of Brownian motion, gravitational settling of the particle and light scattering of the particles. The particle size can have considerable importance in a number of industries including the chemical, food, mining, forestry, agriculture, cosmetics, pharmaceutical, energy, and aggregate industries.

text:
# Particle size analysis

**Particle size analysis**, **particle size measurement**, or simply **particle sizing**, is the collective name of the technical procedures, or laboratory techniques which determines the size range, and/or the average, or mean size of the particles in a powder or liquid sample.

Particle size analysis is part of particle science, and it is generally carried out in particle technology laboratories.

The particle size measurement is typically achieved by means of devices, called Particle Size Analyzers (PSA), which are based on different technologies, such as high definition image processing, analysis of Brownian motion, gravitational settling of the particle and light scattering (Rayleigh and Mie scattering) of the particles.

The particle size can have considerable importance in a number of industries including the chemical, food, mining, forestry, agriculture, cosmetics, pharmaceutical, energy, and aggregate industries.

## Particle size analysis based on light scattering

Particle size analysis based on light scattering has widespread application in many fields, as it allows relatively easy optical characterization of samples enabling improved quality control of products in many industries including pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic, and polymer production. Recent years have seen many advancements in light scattering technologies for particle characterization.

For particles in the lower nanometer to lower micrometer range, dynamic light scattering (DLS) has now become an industry standard technique. It is also by far the most widely used light scattering technique for particle characterization in the academic world. This method analyzes the fluctuations of scattered light by particles in suspension when illuminated with a laser to determine the velocity of the Brownian motion, which can then be used to obtain the hydrodynamic size of particles using the Stokes-Einstein relationship. DLS is a fast and non-invasive technique, which is also precise and highly repeatable. Furthermore, since the technique is based on the measurement of light scattering as a function of time, the technique is considered absolute and the DLS instruments do not require calibration. Amongst its disadvantages is the fact that it does not properly resolve highly polydisperse samples, while the presence of large particles can affect size accuracy. Other scattering techniques have emerged, such as nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), which tracks individual particle movement through scattering using image recording. NTA also measures the hydrodynamic size of particles from the diffusion coefficient but is capable of overcoming some of the limitations posed by DLS. The next generation of NTA technology is called interferometric nanoparticle tracking analysis (iNTA) and is based on the interferometric scattering microscopy (iSCAT). In contrast to NTA, iNTA has a superior size resolution and gives access to the effective refractive index of the particles.

While the above-mentioned techniques are best suited for measuring particles typically in the submicron region, particle size analyzers (PSAs) based on static light scattering or laser diffraction (LD) have become the most popular and widely used instruments for measuring particles from hundreds of nanometers to several millimeters. Similar scattering theory is also utilized in systems based on non-electromagnetic wave propagation, such as ultrasonic analyzers. In LD PSAs, a laser beam is used to irradiate a dilute suspension of particles. The light scattered by the particles in the forward direction is focused by a lens onto a large array of concentric photodetector rings. The smaller the particle is, the larger the scattering angle of the laser beam is. Thus, by measuring the angle-dependent scattered intensity, one can infer the particle size distribution using Fraunhofer or Mie scattering models. In the latter case, prior knowledge of the refractive index of the particle being measured as well as the dispersant is required.

Commercial LD PSAs have gained popularity due to their broad dynamic range, rapid measurement, high reproducibility and the capability to perform online measurements. However, these devices are generally large in size (~700 × 300 × 450 mm), heavy (~30 kg) and expensive (in the 50–200 K€ range). On the one hand, the large size of common devices is due to the large distance needed between the sample and the detectors to provide the desired angular resolution. Furthermore, their high price is mainly due to the use of expensive laser sources and a large number of detectors, i.e., one sensor for each scattering angle to be monitored. Some commercial devices contain up to twenty sensors. This complexity of commercial LD PSAs, together with the fact that they often require maintenance and highly trained personnel, make them impractical in the majority of online industrial applications, which require the installation of probes in processing environments, often at multiple locations. An alternative method for PSD is cuvette-based SPR technique, that simultaneously measures the particle size ranging 10 nm-10 μm and concentration in a standard spectrophotometer. The optical filter inserted in the cuvette consists of nano-photonic crystals with very high angular resolution, which enables the analysis of PSD by automatically quantifying Mie scattering and Rayleigh scattering.

The application of LD PSAs is also normally restricted to dilute suspensions. This is because the optical models used to estimate the particle size distribution (PSD) are based on a single scattering approximation. In practice, most industrial processes require measuring concentrated suspensions, where multiple scattering becomes a prominent effect. Multiple scattering in dense media leads to an underestimation of the particle size since the light scattered by the particles encounters diffraction points multiple times before reaching the detector, which in turn increases the apparent scattering angle. To overcome this issue, LD PSAs require appropriate sampling and dilution systems, which increase capital investments and operational costs. Another approach is to apply multiple scattering correction models together with the optical models to compute the PSD. A large number of algorithms for multiple scattering correction can be found in the literature. However, these algorithms typically require implementing a complex correction, which increases the computation time and is often not suitable for online measurements. An alternative approach to compute the PSD without the use of optical models and complex correction factors is to apply machine learning (ML) techniques.

### Microfluidic diffusional sizing

Microfluidic diffusional sizing (MDS) is a method of particle size analysis dependent on the diffusion of particles within a laminar flow. The method has found applications in proteomics and related fields where nano-sized particles may vary in size depending on their environment.

## Paints and Coatings

Typically, paints and coatings are subjected to multiple rounds of particle size analysis, as the particle size of the individual components influences parameters as diverse as hint strength, hiding power, gloss, viscosity, stability and weather resistance.

## Mining and Building Materials

The size of materials being processed in an operation is very important. Having oversize material being conveyed will cause damage to equipment and slow down production. Particle-size analysis also helps the effectiveness of SAG Mills when crushing material.

In the building industry, the particle size can directly affect the strength of the final material, as it observed for cement. Two of the most used techniques used for the particle size characterization of minerals are sieving and laser diffraction. These techniques are faster and cheaper compared to image-based techniques.

## Food and Beverages Industry

The optimization of the particle size distribution facilitates the pumping, mixing and transportation of foodstuff. Particle size analysis is usually done with any milled food, such as coffee, flour, cocoa powder. It is especially helpful with chocolate quality to ensure there is a consistent taste and feeling when eaten. Furthermore, in the case of food emulsions, particle size analysis is relevant to predict stability and shelf-life, and optimize homogenization.

## Agriculture

The gradation of soils, or soil texture, affects water and nutrient holding and drainage capabilities. For sand-based soils, particle size can be the dominant characteristic affecting soil performances and hence crop. Sieving has long been the technique of choice for soil texture analysis, although laser diffraction instruments are increasingly used as they considerably speed up the analytical process, and provide highly reproducible results.

Particle size analysis in the agriculture industry is paramount because unwanted materials will contaminate products if they are not detected. By having an automated particle size analyzer, companies can closely monitor their processes.

## Forestry

Wood particles used to make various types of products rely on particle-size analysis to maintain high quality standards. By doing so, companies reduce waste and become more productive.

## Aggregates

Having properly sized particles allow aggregate companies to create long-lasting roads and other products. Particle size analysis is also routinely conducted on bitumen emusions to predict their stability and their behavior.

## Biology

Particle size analyzers are used also in biology to measure protein aggregation.

DLS is a particularly appreciated technique for the characterization of nanoparticles designed for drug delivery, such as vaccines. DLS instruments are for instance part of the quality control process for mRNA vaccines formulated in lipid nanoparticle carriers.

## Selecting the most appropriate technique for size analysis

There is a large number of methods for the determination of particle size, and it is important to acknowledge that these different methods are not expected to give identical results. The size of a particle depends on the method used for its measurement, and it is important to choose the method that is most relevant to the application.

The "See also" section covers many of these techniques. In most of them, the particle size is inferred from a measurement of, for example: light scattering; electrical resistance; particle motion, rather than a direct measurement of particle diameter. This enables rapid measurement of a particle size distribution by an instrument, but does require some form of calibration or assumptions regarding the nature of the particles. Most often this includes the assumption of spherical particles, thus giving a result which is an equivalent spherical diameter. Thus, it is usual for measured particle size distributions to be different when comparing the results between different equipment. The most appropriate method to use is normally the one where the method is aligned to the end use of the data.

For example, to choose whether a chemical compound should be measured by dynamic light scattering or laser diffraction, one generally considers the expected size range, the sample type (liquid or solid), the amount of sample available, the chemical stability, as well its application field. If designing a sedimentation vessel, then a sedimentation technique for sizing is most relevant. However, this approach is often not possible, and an alternative technique must be used. An online Expert system to assist in the selection (and elimination) of particle size analysis equipment has been developed.


title: Peggy Detmers

abstract: Peggy Detmers is an American sculptor of metal. She specializes in bronze wildlife, and displays her work at international wildlife shows. Detmers is a fourth-generation South Dakotan. She graduated from South Dakota State University in 1980 with a Bachelor of Science in biology and wildlife and fisheries management. Detmers lives and works in Rapid City, South Dakota. In 2012, Peggy Detmers lost a legal battle with actor Kevin Costner. She created Lakota Bison Jump, 17 large multimillion-dollar bronze statues of mounted American Indians driving a buffalo herd off a cliff. The statues were meant to be a centerpiece of 'The Dunbar', a Deadwood, South Dakota resort developed by Costner. The resort was never created and Detmers sued for breach of contract. The case reached the South Dakota Supreme Court. The sculpture is now part of an interpretive center called 'Tatanka: Story of the Bison'.

text:
# Peggy Detmers

**Peggy Detmers** is an American sculptor of metal. She specializes in bronze wildlife, and displays her work at international wildlife shows. Detmers is a fourth-generation South Dakotan. She graduated from South Dakota State University in 1980 with a Bachelor of Science in biology and wildlife and fisheries management. Detmers lives and works in Rapid City, South Dakota.

In 2012, Peggy Detmers lost a legal battle with actor Kevin Costner. She created *Lakota Bison Jump*, 17 large multimillion-dollar bronze statues of mounted American Indians driving a buffalo herd off a cliff. The statues were meant to be a centerpiece of 'The Dunbar', a Deadwood, South Dakota resort developed by Costner. The resort was never created and Detmers sued for breach of contract. The case reached the South Dakota Supreme Court. The sculpture is now part of an interpretive center called 'Tatanka: Story of the Bison'.

## InfoBox

| Peggy Detmers | |
| --- | --- |
| Education | South Dakota State University (B.S., biology, wildlife/fisheries management) |
| Known for | sculpture in metal |
| Notable work | *Lakota Bison Jump*: 17 bronze statues of mounted American Indians driving a buffalo herd off a cliff |


abstract: The twenty-fifth federal electoral district of the Federal District is a defunct federal electoral district of Mexico. Occupying a portion of what is today Mexico City, it was in existence from 1973 to 2018. During that time, it returned one deputy to the Chamber of Deputies for each three-year legislative session by means of the first-past-the-post system, electing its first in the 1973 mid-term election and its last in the 2015 mid-terms. From 1979 onwards, votes cast in the district also counted towards the calculation of proportional representation ("plurinominal") deputies elected from the country's electoral regions. The 25th, 26th and 27th districts were abolished in the 2017 redistricting process because the capital's population no longer warranted that number of seats in Congress.

text:
# Twenty-fifth federal electoral district of the Federal District

The **twenty-fifth federal electoral district of the Federal District** (*Distrito electoral federal 25 del Distrito Federal*) is a defunct federal electoral district of Mexico. Occupying a portion of what is today Mexico City, it was in existence from 1973 to 2018.

During that time, it returned one deputy to the Chamber of Deputies for each three-year legislative session by means of the first-past-the-post system, electing its first in the 1973 mid-term election and its last in the 2015 mid-terms. From 1979 onwards, votes cast in the district also counted towards the calculation of proportional representation ("plurinominal") deputies elected from the country's electoral regions.

The 25th, 26th and 27th districts were abolished in the 2017 redistricting process because the capital's population no longer warranted that number of seats in Congress.

## District territory

2005–2017

In its final form, when the capital accounted for 27 districts, the 25th covered 89 electoral precincts (*secciones electorales*) in the north of the borough of Xochimilco and 77 precincts in the borough of Iztapalapa.

1996–2005

Under the 1996 scheme, the capital comprised 30 districts. The 25th was located wholly in the borough of Iztapalapa.

1978–2005

The districting scheme in force from 1978 to 1996 was the result of the 1977 electoral reforms, which increased the number of single-member seats in the Chamber of Deputies from 196 to 300. Under that plan, the Federal District's seat allocation rose from 27 to 40. The 25th district covered a part of the borough of Gustavo A. Madero in the north of the city.

## Deputies returned to Congress

Twenty-fifth federal electoral district of the Federal District
| Election | Deputy | Party | Term | Legislature |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1973 | Luis Adolfo Santibáñez Belmont |  | 1973–1976 | 49th Congress |
| 1976 | Celia Torres de Sánchez |  | 1976–1979 | 50th Congress |
| 1979 | María Eugenia Moreno Gómez |  | 1979–1982 | 51st Congress |
| 1982 | Jesús Salazar Toledano |  | 1982–1985 | 52nd Congress |
| 1985 | Santiago Oñate Laborde |  | 1985–1988 | 53rd Congress |
| 1988 | Demetrio Sodi de la Tijera |  | 1988–1991 | 54th Congress |
| 1991 | Alberto Nava Salgado |  | 1991–1994 | 55th Congress |
| 1994 | Pascual Juárez Santiago |  | 1994–1997 | 56th Congress |
| 1997 | Rosalío Hernández Beltrán |  | 1997–2000 | 57th Congress |
| 2000 | Víctor Hugo Círigo Vázquez<br>María Magdalena García González |  | 2000–2003 | 58th Congress |
| 2003 | Clara Brugada |  | 2003–2006 | 59th Congress |
| 2006 | Miguel Ángel Solares Chávez |  | 2006–2009 | 60th Congress |
| 2009 | Luis Felipe Eguía Pérez |  | 2009–2012 | 61st Congress |
| 2012 | María de Lourdes Amaya Reyes |  | 2012–2015 | 62nd Congress |
| 2015 | Renato Josafat Molina Arias |  | 2015–2018 | 63rd Congress |

1. "How Mexico Elects Its Leaders — The Rules". *Mexico Solidarity Project*. 31 January 2024. Retrieved 24 August 2024.
2. "Circunscripciones" (PDF). *ayuda.ine.mx/2021*. Instituto Nacional Electoral. Retrieved 24 August 2024.
3. "Memoria de la Distritación Electoral Nacional 2014–2017" (PDF). Instituto Nacional Electoral. 2019. p. 58. Retrieved 24 August 2024.
4. "Distrito 25. Plano Distrital Seccional" (PDF). *Portal anterior*. Instituto Nacional Electoral. Retrieved 24 August 2024.
5. "Distrito Federal: distritación 1996 y 2005" (PDF). Instituto Federal Electoral. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 November 2008. Retrieved 24 August 2024. The link contains comparative maps of the 2005 and 1996 plans.
6. "Acuerdo del Consejo General del Instituto Federal Electoral por el que se establece la demarcación territorial de los trescientos distritos electorales federales uninominales en que se divide el país". Diario Oficial de la Federación. 2 March 2005. Retrieved 24 August 2024.
7. "La redistritación electoral mexicana, 1996: Memoria". Instituto Federal Electoral. 1997. p. 277. Archived from the original on 16 July 2024. Retrieved 11 August 2024.
8. González Casanova, Pablo (1993). *Las Elecciones en México: evolución y perspectivas* (3 ed.). Siglo XXI. p. 219. ISBN 9789682313219. Retrieved 24 August 2024.
9. "Distrito Federal". *División del Territorio de la República en 300 Distritos Electorales Uninominales para Elecciones Federales*. Diario Oficial de la Federación. 29 May 1978. p. 19. Retrieved 24 August 2024. The link contains an exact description of the district's territory within the borough.
10. "Legislatura 49" (PDF). Cámara de Diputados. Retrieved 24 August 2024.
11. "Legislatura 50" (PDF). Cámara de Diputados. Retrieved 24 August 2024.
12. "Legislatura 51" (PDF). Cámara de Diputados. Retrieved 24 August 2024.
13. "Legislatura 52" (PDF). Cámara de Diputados. Retrieved 24 August 2024.
14. "Legislatura 53" (PDF). Cámara de Diputados. Retrieved 24 August 2024.
15. "Legislatura 54" (PDF). Cámara de Diputados. Retrieved 24 August 2024.
16. "Legislatura 55" (PDF). Cámara de Diputados. Retrieved 24 August 2024.
17. "Legislatura 56" (PDF). Cámara de Diputados. Retrieved 24 August 2024.
18. "Perfil: Dip. Rosalío Hernández Beltrán, LVII Legislatura". *Sistema de Información Legislativa (SIL)*. SEGOB. Retrieved 24 August 2024.
19. "Perfil: Dip. Víctor Hugo Círigo Vásquez, LVIII Legislatura". *Sistema de Información Legislativa (SIL)*. SEGOB. Retrieved 24 August 2024.
20. "Perfil: Dip. María Magdalena García González, LVIII Legislatura". *Sistema de Información Legislativa (SIL)*. SEGOB. Retrieved 24 August 2024.
21. "Perfil: Dip. Clara Marina Brugada Molina, LIX Legislatura". *Sistema de Información Legislativa (SIL)*. SEGOB. Retrieved 24 August 2024.
22. "Perfil: Dip. Miguel Ángel Solares Chávez, LX Legislatura". *Sistema de Información Legislativa (SIL)*. SEGOB. Retrieved 24 August 2024.
23. "Perfil: Dip. Luis Felipe Eguia Pérez, LXI Legislatura". *Sistema de Información Legislativa (SIL)*. SEGOB. Retrieved 24 August 2024.
24. "Perfil: Dip. María de Lourdes Amaya Reyes, LXII Legislatura". *Sistema de Información Legislativa (SIL)*. SEGOB. Retrieved 24 August 2024.
25. "Perfil: Dip. Renato Josafat Molina Arias, LXIII Legislatura". *Sistema de Información Legislativa (SIL)*. SEGOB. Retrieved 24 August 2024.

19°16′N 99°08′W / 19.267°N 99.133°W / 19.267; -99.133

## InfoBox

| National parties | |
| --- | --- |
| ***Current*** | |
|  | PAN |
|  | PRI |
|  | PT |
|  | PVEM |
|  | MC |
|  | Morena |
| ***Defunct or local only*** | |
|  | PLM |
|  | PNR |
|  | PRM |
|  | PP |
|  | PPS |
|  | PARM |
|  | PFCRN |
|  | Convergencia |
|  | PANAL |
|  | PSD |
|  | PES |
|  | PRD |


title: Ville di Corsano

abstract: Ville di Corsano is a village in Tuscany, central Italy, administratively a frazione of the comune of Monteroni d'Arbia, province of Siena. At the time of the 2001 census its population was 341.

text:
# Ville di Corsano

**Ville di Corsano** is a village in Tuscany, central Italy, administratively a frazione of the comune of Monteroni d'Arbia, province of Siena. At the time of the 2001 census its population was 341.

## InfoBox

| Ville di Corsano | |
| --- | --- |
| *Frazione* | |
| View of Ville di Corsano | |
| Ville di CorsanoLocation of Ville di Corsano in Italy | |
| Coordinates: 43°13′22″N 11°19′59″E / 43.22278°N 11.33306°E / 43.22278; 11.33306 | |
| Country | Italy |
| Region | Tuscany |
| Province | Siena (SI) |
| *Comune* | Monteroni d'Arbia |
| Elevation | 279 m (915 ft) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 408 |
| Demonym | *Corsanesi* |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: Loricariidae

abstract: Loricariidae is the largest family of catfish, with over 90 genera and just over 680 species. Loricariids originate from freshwater habitats of Costa Rica, Panama, and tropical and subtropical South America. These fish are noted for the bony plates covering their bodies and their suckermouths. Several genera are sold as "plecos", notably the suckermouth catfish, Hypostomus plecostomus, and are popular as aquarium fish.

text:
# Loricariidae

**Loricariidae** is the largest family of catfish (order Siluriformes), with over 90 genera and just over 680 species. Loricariids originate from freshwater habitats of Costa Rica, Panama, and tropical and subtropical South America. These fish are noted for the bony plates covering their bodies and their suckermouths. Several genera are sold as "plecos", notably the suckermouth catfish, *Hypostomus plecostomus*, and are popular as aquarium fish.

## Common names

Members of the family Loricariidae are commonly referred to as loricariids, suckermouth catfishes, armoured catfish, or suckermouth armoured catfish. The name "plecostomus", and its shortened forms "pleco" and "plec", are used for many Loricariidae, since *Plecostomus plecostomus* (now called *Hypostomus plecostomus*) was one of the first loricariid species imported for the fish-keeping hobby.

Some loricariids are not normally considered "plecostomus", such as *Farlowella* catfish.

In their native range, these fish are known as *cascudos* or *acarís*.

### L-numbers

Some types of loricariids are often referred to by their 'L-number'; this has become common since imports of loricariid catfish from South America often included specimens that had not been taxonomically described. Currently, L-numbers are used not only by fish-keeping enthusiasts, but also by biologists, since they represent a useful stopgap until a new species of fish is given a full taxonomic name. In some cases, two different L-numbered catfish have turned out to be different populations of the same species, while in other cases, multiple (but superficially similar) species have all been traded under a single L-number.

## Taxonomy and evolution

Because of their highly specialized morphology, loricariids have been recognized as a monophyletic assemblage in even the earliest classifications of the Siluriformes, meaning they consist of a natural grouping with a common ancestor and all of its descendants. Loricariidae is one of seven families in the superfamily Loricarioidea, along with Amphiliidae, Trichomycteridae, Nematogenyidae, Callichthyidae, Scoloplacidae, and Astroblepidae. Some of these families also exhibit suckermouths or armor, although never in the same individual, as in loricariids.

This is the largest catfish family, including about 684 species in around 92 genera, with new species being described each year. However, this family is in flux, and revisions are likely. For example, the subfamily Ancistrinae is accepted as late as the 2006 edition of Nelson's *Fishes of the World*; it later becomes grouped as a tribe, because of its recognition as a sister group to the Pterygoplichthyini. Under Ambruster, six subfamilies are recognized: Delturinae, Hypoptopomatinae, Hypostominae, Lithogeneinae, Loricariinae, and Neoplecostominae.

Monophyly for the family is strongly supported, except, possibly, the inclusion of *Lithogenes*. *Lithogenes* is the only genus within the subfamily Lithogeneinae. This genus and subfamily, the most basal group in Loricariidae, is the sister group to the rest of the family. Neoplecostominae are the most basal group among the loricariids with the exception of Lithogeneinae. However, the genera of Neoplecostominae do not appear to form a monophyletic assemblage. The two subfamilies Loricariinae and Hypoptopomatinae appear to be generally regarded as monophyletic. However, the monophyly and composition of the other subfamilies are currently being examined and will likely be altered substantially in the future. The Hypostominae are the largest subfamily of Loricariidae. It is made up of five tribes. Four of the five tribes, Corymbophanini, Hypostomini, Pterygoplichthyini, and Rhinelepini, include about 24 genera. The fifth and largest tribe, Ancistrini (formerly recognized as its own subfamily), includes 30 genera.

Loricariid fossils are extremely rare. The earliest known definitive taxon is *Taubateia* from the Late Oligocene-Early Miocene in Brazil. The putative Cenomanian member *Afrocascudo*, initially described as the earliest loricariid catfish in 2024, might represent a juvenile obaichthyid lepisosteiform, possibly a junior synonym of *Obaichthys*, though this has been disputed based on the complete ossification of the bones indicating full maturity and the absence of important holostean characters. Within the superfamily Loricarioidea, the Loricariidae are the most derived; in this superfamily, the trend is toward increasingly complex jaw morphology, which may have allowed for the great diversification of the Loricariidae, which have the most advanced jaws.

## Distribution and habitat

The family Loricariidae is vastly distributed over both the east and west sides of the Andes mountains, however, most species are generally restricted to small geographic ranges. They are primarily found in freshwater habitats of South America, but several loricariines and hypostomines are native to Panama, and two species (*Fonchiiichthys uracanthus* and *Hemiancistrus aspidolepis*) are native to Costa Rica. Species occur in swift-flowing streams from the lowlands up to 3,000 m (9,800 ft) in elevation. They can also be found in a variety of other freshwater environments. They can be found in torrential mountain rivers, quiet brackish estuaries, black acidic waters, and even in subterranean habitats.

## Description and biology

This family has extremely variable color patterns and body shapes. Loricariids are characterized by bony plates covering their bodies, similar to the bony plates in callichthyids. (In Latin, *lorica* means corselet). These fish exhibit a ventral suckermouth, with papillae (small projections) on the lips. When present, the adipose fin usually has a spine at the forward edge. These fish have, when they are present, a unique pair of maxillary barbels. These fish have relatively long intestines due to their usually herbivorous or detrivorous diets. The body is characteristically flattened in this family. Taste buds cover almost the entire surface of the body and fin spines. Body lengths can range from 2.22 cm (0.87 in) in *Nannoplecostomus eleonorae* to over 100 cm (39 in) in *Panaque*, *Acanthicus*, and *Pterygoplichthys*.

One of the most obvious characteristics of the loricariids is the suckermouth. The modified mouth and lips allow the fish to feed, breathe, and attach to the substrate through suction. The lips were once believed to be unable to function as a sucker while respiration continued, as the inflowing water would cause the system to fail; however, respiration and suction can function simultaneously. Inflowing water passing under the sucker is limited to a thin stream immediately behind each maxillary barbel; the maxillae in loricariids support only small maxillary barbels and are primarily used to mediate the lateral lip tissue in which they are embedded, preventing failure of suction during inspiration. To achieve suction, the fish presses its lips against the substrate and expands its oral cavity, causing negative pressure.

Also, unlike most other catfishes, the premaxillae are highly mobile, and the lower jaws have evolved towards a medial position, with the teeth pointed rostroventrally; these are important evolutionary innovations. The fish rotates its lower and upper jaws to scrape the substrate. Of the two, the lower jaws are more mobile.

Loricariid catfishes have evolved several modifications of their digestive tracts that function as accessory respiratory organs or hydrostatic organs. These complex structures would have been independently evolved a number of times within the family. This includes an enlarged stomach in the Pterygoplichthyini, *Hypostomus*, and *Lithoxus*, a U-shaped diverticulum in Rhinelepini, and a ring-like diverticulum in *Otocinclus*. It may be noted that even loricariids with unmodified stomachs have a slight ability to breathe air.

Considerable sexual dimorphism occurs in this family, most pronounced during the breeding season. For example, in *Loricariichthys*, the male has a large expansion of its lower lip, which it uses to hold a clutch of eggs. *Ancistrus* males have snouts with fleshy tentacles. In loricariids, odontodes develop almost anywhere on the external surface of the body and first appear soon after hatching; odontodes appear in a variety of shapes and sizes and are often sexually dimorphic, being larger in breeding males. In most Ancistrini species, sharp evertible cheek spines (elongated odontodes) are often more developed in males and are used in intraspecific displays and combat.

### Omega iris

Unusual for bony fish, many species have a modified iris called an **omega iris**. The dorsal segment of the iris expands downward over the pupil to form a loop which can expand and contract, called an iris operculum; when light levels are high, the pupil reduces in diameter and the loop expands to cover the center of the pupil, giving rise to a crescent-shaped, light-transmitting partial pupil. This feature gets its name from its similarity to an upside-down uppercase Greek letter omega (**Ω**). The origins of this structure are unknown, but breaking up the outline of the highly visible eye has been suggested to aid camouflage in what are often highly mottled animals. Species in the tribe Rhinelepini are an exceptional group among loricariids, having a circular iris. The presence or absence of the iris operculum can be used for identification of species in the subfamily Loricariinae.

## Genetics

As of 2000, only 56 loricariid species have been cytogenically investigated. The basal diploid number of chromosomes is 2n = 54 in this family, but with a wide variation in the chromosome number in this fish group, ranging from 2n = 36 in the Loricariinae, *Rineloricaria latirostris*, to 2n = 96 in a species of *Upsilodus* (*Hemipsilichthys*). Most members of the Ancistrini and Pterygoplichthyini have 52 chromosomes. Karyotypic evolution by means of centric fusions and centric fissions seems to be a common feature among loricariids; this is demonstrated by a higher number of biarmed chromosomes in species with lower diploid number and many uniarmed chromosomes in species with higher diploid numbers. Studies conducted with representatives of some genera of Hypostominae showed, within this group, the diploid number ranges from 2n = 52 to 2n = 80. However, the supposed wide karyotypic diversity the family Loricariidae or the subfamily Hypostominae would present is almost exclusively restricted to the genus *Hypostomus*, and the species from the other genera had a conserved diploid number. In some species, there is a ZZ/ZW sex-determination system.

## Ecology

The suckermouth exhibited by these catfish allows them to adhere to objects in their habitats, even in fast-flowing waters. The mouth and teeth also are adapted to feed on a variety of foods, such as algae, invertebrates, and detritus. Some species, notably the *Panaque*, are known for xylophagy, or the ability to digest wood.

Most species of loricariids are nocturnal animals. Some species are territorial, while others, such as *Otocinclus*, prefer to live in groups.

Air-breathing is well known among many loricariids; this ability is dependent on the risk of hypoxia faced by a species; torrent-dwelling species tend to have no ability to breathe air, while low-land, pool-dwelling species, such as those of *Hypostomus*, have a great ability to breathe air. *Pterygoplichthys* is known for being kept out of water and sold alive in fish markets, surviving up to 30 hours out of water. Loricariids are facultative air breathers; they will only breathe air if under stress and will only use their gills in situations when oxygen levels are high. The dry season is a likely time for this; there would be little food in the stomach, which would allow its use for air breathing.

Loricariids exhibit a wide range of reproductive strategies, including cavity spawning, attachment of eggs on the underside of rocks, and egg-carrying. Parental care is usually good, and the male guards the eggs and sometimes the larvae. The eggs hatch after four to 20 days, depending on the species.

Three species known from subterranean habitats are true troglobites with reduced pigmentation (appearing overall whitish) and eyes: *Ancistrus cryptophthalmus*, *A. galani* and *A. formoso*. Similar adaptions with reduced pigmentation are known from two loricariids found in deep water in large Amazonian rivers, *Peckoltia pankimpuju* and *Panaque bathyphilus*.

## In the aquarium

Loricariids are popular aquarium fish, where they are often sold as "plecs", "plecos" or "plecostomus". These fish are often purchased because of their algae-eating habits, though this role may not be carried out. Loricariid are either vegetarian, omnivore, carnivore or wood-eaters. A great many species of loricariids are also sold for their ornamental qualities, representing many body shapes and colors.

Most species of loricariids are nocturnal and will shy away from bright light, appreciating some sort of cover to hide under throughout the day. As they often originate from habitats with fast-moving water, filtration should be vigorous.

A number of species of loricariids have been bred in captivity.

## InfoBox

| Loricariidae
Temporal range: Possible Cenomanian record | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Loricaria simillima* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Siluriformes |
| Superfamily: | Loricarioidea |
| Family: | Loricariidae
Rafinesque, 1815 |
|
| Subfamilies | |
| Genus *Afrocascudo*?
Delturinae
Hypoptopomatinae
Hypostominae
Lithogeneinae
Loricariinae
Neoplecostominae
Otothyrinae (sometimes included in Hypoptopomatinae)
Genus *Nannoplecostomus* (*incertae sedis*) | |


title: Tamás Dala

abstract: Tamás Dala is a Hungarian male former water polo player. He was a member of the Hungary men's national water polo team. He competed with the team at the 1996 Summer Olympics.

text:
# Tamás Dala

**Tamás Dala** (born 5 June 1968) is a Hungarian male former water polo player. He was a member of the Hungary men's national water polo team. He competed with the team at the 1996 Summer Olympics.

## InfoBox

| Tamás Dala | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Born | (1968-06-05) 5 June 1968
Tatabánya | | |
| Nationality | Hungary | | |
| Height | 1.80 m (5 ft 11 in) | | |
| Weight | 82 kg (181 lb) | | |
| Senior clubs | | | |
| Years | **Team** | | |
| ?-?
1996-97 | Újpesti TE
Olympiacos | | |
| National team | | | |
| Years | **Team** |
| ?-? | Hungary |


title: Yōsuke Nishijima

abstract: Yōsuke "Yōsukezan" Nishijima is a Japanese professional boxer who has also competed in kickboxing and mixed martial arts.

text:
# Yōsuke Nishijima

**Yōsuke "Yōsukezan" Nishijima** (西島 洋介, *Nishijima Yōsuke*, born May 15, 1973) is a Japanese professional boxer who has also competed in kickboxing and mixed martial arts.

## Career

Debuting as a professional boxer on March 26, 1992 Nishijima compiled a 24–2–1 record, and over the course of his career, won the WBO NABO Cruiserweight title, the OPBF Cruiserweight title and the World Boxing Federation Cruiserweight title. His last boxing bout, a two-round TKO loss to Cecil McKenzie in a California State Cruiserweight title fight, took place on July 10, 2003.

On February 26, 2006 Nishijima debuted in mixed martial arts, at PRIDE 31, taking on Mark Hunt and losing by KO.

Currently Nishijima's record in mixed martial arts is 0–5 with most recent loss to Melvin Manhoef by TKO, took place on December 31, 2007 at K-1 PREMIUM 2007 Dynamite!!.

In 2009 Nishijima competed in two K-1 style kickboxing bouts. He lost to Peter Aerts by KO due to a right leg kick on August 11, 2009 at the K-1 World Grand Prix 2009 in Tokyo Final 16 Qualifying GP. On New Year's Eve 2009 he fought another K-1 style kickboxing bout when he took on Ray Sefo at Dynamite!! 2009 and lost by unanimous decision. He was not allowed to kick during this match, as he was wearing boxing shoes, which ended up giving him a large disadvantage against the Samoan. His kickboxing record is currently 0–2.

In his retirement match, Nishijima defeated Bob Sapp under kickboxing rules at *Legend 4* in Kumamoto, Japan on November 17, 2013, although he was not allowed to kick as he chose to wear boxing shoes. He dropped Sapp with a body shot. Sapp stood back up but he finished the business with body shots followed by couple of right hooks.

## Professional boxing record

## Kickboxing record

Kickboxing record
| **1 Wins (1 (T)KO's, 0 decisions), 2 Losses** | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date | Result | Opponent | Event | Location | Method | Round | Time |
| 2013-11-17 | Win | Bob Sapp | Legend 4 | Kumamoto, Japan | TKO (Punches) | 1 | 2:36 |
| 2009-12-31 | Loss | Ray Sefo | Dynamite!! 2009 | Saitama, Japan | Decision (Unanimous) | 3 | 3:00 |
| 2009-08-11 | Loss | Peter Aerts | K-1 World Grand Prix 2009 in Tokyo Final 16 Qualifying GP | Tokyo, Japan | KO (Right Low Kick) | 3 | 1:24 |
| ***Legend***:   Win    Loss    Draw/No contest    Notes | | | | | | | | |

## Mixed martial arts record

Professional record breakdown
| **5 matches** | **0 wins** | **5 losses** |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **By knockout** | 0 | 2 |
| **By submission** | 0 | 3 |

| Res. | Record | Opponent | Method | Event | Date | Round | Time | Location | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Loss | 0–5 | Melvin Manhoef | TKO (punches) | K-1 Premium 2007 Dynamite!! | December 31, 2007 | 1 | 1:49 | Osaka, Japan |  |
| Loss | 0–4 | Phil Baroni | Technical Submission (kimura) | PRIDE 32: The Real Deal | October 21, 2006 | 1 | 3:20 | Las Vegas, Nevada, United States |  |
| Loss | 0–3 | Evangelista Santos | Submission (rear-naked choke) | PRIDE FC: Final Conflict Absolute | September 10, 2006 | 1 | 3:24 | Saitama, Japan | Middleweight (200 lbs) debut. |
| Loss | 0–2 | Hidehiko Yoshida | Submission (triangle choke) | PRIDE FC: Total Elimination Absolute | May 5, 2006 | 1 | 2:33 | Osaka, Japan |  |
| Loss | 0–1 | Mark Hunt | KO (punch) | PRIDE 31: Dreamers | February 26, 2006 | 3 | 1:18 | Saitama, Japan |  |

## InfoBox

| Yōsuke Nishijima
西島洋介 | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1973-05-15) May 15, 1973
Saitama, Japan |
| Other names | Yosukezan
Master Nishi |
| Nationality | Japanese |
| Height | 1.80 m (5 ft 11 in) |
| Weight | 86 kg (190 lb; 13.5 st) |
| Division | Heavyweight
Cruiserweight
Light Heavyweight |
| Style | MMA, Boxing, Kickboxing |
| Stance | Orthodox |
| Team | Takada Dojo |
|  | |
| Professional boxing record | |
| **Total** | 27 |
| **Wins** | 24 |
| By knockout | 15 |
| **Losses** | 2 |
| By knockout | 1 |
| **Draws** | 1 |
|  | |
|  | |
| Kickboxing record | |
| **Total** | 3 |
| **Wins** | 1 |
| By knockout | 1 |
| **Losses** | 2 |
| By knockout | 1 |
|  | |
|  | |
| Mixed martial arts record | |
| **Total** | 5 |
| **Wins** | 0 |
| **Losses** | 5 |
| By knockout | 2 |
| By submission | 3 |
|  | |
| Other information | |
| Boxing record from BoxRec | |
| Mixed martial arts record from Sherdog | |


title: List of Palestinian women artists

abstract: This is a list of women artists who were born in Palestine or whose artworks are closely associated with that country.

text:
# List of Palestinian women artists

This is a **list of women artists** who were born in Palestine or whose artworks are closely associated with that country.

## A

## H

* Samia Halaby (born 1936), painter, artist, activist, educator, and scholar; lives in the United States
* Rula Halawani (born 1964), photographic artist
* Alexandra Handal (born 1975), Haitian-born contemporary artist and filmmaker
* Mona Hatoum (born 1952), Lebanese-born video and installation artist
* Jumana El Husseini (1932–2018), painter, sculptor, based in Paris

## J

* Emily Jacir (born 1972), contemporary artist, filmmaker

## M

* Malak Mattar, painter, illustrator, and author of children's books; from Gaza

## S


title: Osana

abstract:
Osana was a Northumbrian princess, whose local following as a saint developed informally after her death, though she was never officially canonised. Centuries after her death, she was described by the Norman-Welsh chronicler Giraldus Cambrensis as the sister of King Osred I of Northumbria, which would make her the daughter of King Aldfrith of Northumbria. Osana was depicted by Giraldus as inflicting a miraculous flagellation from her grave in Howden, Yorkshire, upon a concubine of the priest of the collegiate church there, a moral tale intended to inculcate clerical celibacy. Celibacy of the Anglo-Saxon clergy was not expected in Osana's time; when it began to be enforced from the top at even the higher levels, with Archbishop Anselm's council of London, 1102, it continued to be resisted in Britain, though it was a central objective of Gregorian reform. Giraldus records
"In the north of England beyond the Humber, in the church of Hovedene, the concubine of the rector incautiously sat down on the tomb of St. Osana, sister of king Osred, which projected like a wooden seat; on wishing to retire, she could not be removed, until the people came to her assistance; her clothes were rent, her body was laid bare, and severely afflicted with many strokes of discipline, even till the blood flowed; nor did she regain her liberty, until by many tears and sincere repentance she had showed evident signs of compunction."
There had been no previous record of Osana. On the authority of Giraldus Cambrensis, the Bollandists named 18 June a feast for Osana.

text:
# Osana

**Osana** was a Northumbrian princess, whose local following as a saint developed informally after her death, though she was never officially canonised. Centuries after her death, she was described by the Norman-Welsh chronicler Giraldus Cambrensis (died 1223) as the sister of King Osred I of Northumbria, which would make her the daughter of King Aldfrith of Northumbria. Osana was depicted by Giraldus as inflicting a miraculous flagellation from her grave in Howden, Yorkshire, upon a concubine of the priest of the collegiate church there, a moral tale intended to inculcate clerical celibacy. Celibacy of the Anglo-Saxon clergy was not expected in Osana's time; when it began to be enforced from the top at even the higher levels, with Archbishop Anselm's council of London, 1102, it continued to be resisted in Britain, though it was a central objective of Gregorian reform.

Giraldus records

> "In the north of England beyond the Humber, in the church of Hovedene, the concubine of the rector incautiously sat down on the tomb of St. Osana, sister of king Osred, which projected like a wooden seat; on wishing to retire, she could not be removed, until the people came to her assistance; her clothes were rent, her body was laid bare, and severely afflicted with many strokes of discipline, even till the blood flowed; nor did she regain her liberty, until by many tears and sincere repentance she had showed evident signs of compunction."

There had been no previous record of Osana. On the authority of Giraldus Cambrensis, the Bollandists named 18 June a feast for Osana.

* Giraldus Cambrensis (1978), *The Journey Through Wales and the Description of Wales*, Penguin Classics, ISBN 978-0-14-044339-4, OCLC 175108105

## InfoBox

| Saint Osana | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Deira, Northumbria |
| Died | Howden, Yorkshire |
| Venerated in | Roman Catholicism<br>Eastern Orthodoxy |
| Feast | 18 June |


title: Parke Wilson

abstract: Parke Asel Wilson was an American professional baseball player. He played all or part of seven seasons in Major League Baseball for the New York Giants of the National League (NL) from 1893 until 1899. Wilson served as the team's backup catcher for majority of his playing career, first to Jack Doyle in 1893, then to Duke Farrell in 1894-95. He was the team's primary catcher in 1896, then was the backup to Jack Warner in 1897. After spending most of the 1898 season in the minor leagues with the Kansas City Blues, he returned in 1899, when he played much of his time at first base and other infield positions. He went on to play in the minors until 1906, spending the last four years in the Pacific Coast League. Wilson died in Hermosa Beach, California at the age of 67, and is interred at Inglewood Park Cemetery in Inglewood, California.

text:
# Parke Wilson

**Parke Asel Wilson** (October 26, 1867 – December 20, 1934) was an American professional baseball player. He played all or part of seven seasons in Major League Baseball for the New York Giants of the National League (NL) from 1893 until 1899.

Wilson served as the team's backup catcher for majority of his playing career, first to Jack Doyle in 1893, then to Duke Farrell in 1894-95. He was the team's primary catcher in 1896, then was the backup to Jack Warner in 1897. After spending most of the 1898 season in the minor leagues with the Kansas City Blues, he returned in 1899, when he played much of his time at first base and other infield positions. He went on to play in the minors until 1906, spending the last four years in the Pacific Coast League.

Wilson died in Hermosa Beach, California at the age of 67, and is interred at Inglewood Park Cemetery in Inglewood, California.

## InfoBox

| Parke Wilson | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| **Catcher** | |
| **Born:** (1867-10-26)October 26, 1867
Keithsburg, Illinois, U.S. | |
| **Died:** December 20, 1934(1934-12-20) (aged 67)
Hermosa Beach, California, U.S. | |
| **Batted:** Right**Threw:** Right | |
| MLB debut | |
| July 19, 1893, for the New York Giants | |
| Last MLB appearance | |
| October 14, 1899, for the New York Giants | |
| MLB statistics | |
| Batting average | .265 |
| Home runs | 3 |
| Runs batted in | 173 |
|  | |
| Teams | |
|  | |


title: Shiduo

abstract: Shiduo was a Manchu prince of the imperial Aisin Gioro clan during the Qing dynasty. He was the third son of Quanling, the 11th holder of the Prince Li (禮) title. After his father's death he inherited the peerage until his death. Shiduo served as a Grand Councilor from 1884 to 1901.

text:
# Shiduo

**Shiduo** (Chinese: 世鐸; pinyin: *Shìduó*, Manchu: ᡧᡳᡩᠣ,Möllendorff: *šido*, 27 July 1843–8 January 1914) was a Manchu prince of the imperial Aisin Gioro clan during the Qing dynasty. He was the third son of Quanling, the 11th holder of the Prince Li (禮) title. After his father's death he inherited the peerage until his death.

Shiduo served as a Grand Councilor from 1884 to 1901.

## Family

* primary consort, of the Borjigit clan
    + Prince Lidun of the First Rank, Chenghou (禮敦親王 誠厚)
    + Prince Li of the First Rank, Chengkun (禮親王 誠堃)

## InfoBox

| Shiduo | |
| --- | --- |
| *Prince Li of the First Rank
和碩禮親王* | |
|  | |
| Prince Li of the First Rank | |
| Tenure | 1850–1914 |
| Predecessor | Quanling |
| Successor | Dunhou |
| Chief Grand Councillor | |
| In office | 1884–1894 |
| Predecessor | Yixin, Prince Gong |
| Successor | Yixin, Prince Gong |
| In office | 1898–1901 |
| Predecessor | Yixin, Prince Gong |
| Successor | Ronglu |
| Grand Councillor | |
| In office | 8 April 1884–16 August 1901 |
|  | |
| Born | (1843-07-27)27 July 1843 |
| Died | 8 January 1914(1914-01-08) (aged 70) |
| Spouse | Lady Borjigit |
| Issue | Dunhou
Dunkun |
| Names  Shiduo (世鐸)  Posthumous name  Prince Like of the First Rank (禮恪親王) | |
| House | Aisin Gioro |
| Father | Quanling |
| Mother | Lady Janggiya |