title: Okikaze-shū

abstract: The Okikaze-shū (興風集), is a Japanese anthology of waka poetry. It is the personal anthology (kashū) of Fujiwara no Okikaze. It is one of the Sanjūroku-nin Shū (三十六人集). It was put together by an unknown compiler sometime after the mid-tenth century and survives in three variant textual traditions. It incorporates poems taken from the first two imperial anthologies, as well as a number of poems from an unknown source. Later imperial anthologies attributed poems to Okikaze based on their inclusion in this collection.

text:
# Okikaze-shū

The ***Okikaze-shū*** (興風集), is a Japanese anthology of *waka* poetry. It is the personal anthology (*kashū*) of Fujiwara no Okikaze. It is one of the *Sanjūroku-nin Shū* (三十六人集).

It was put together by an unknown compiler sometime after the mid-tenth century and survives in three variant textual traditions. It incorporates poems taken from the first two imperial anthologies, as well as a number of poems from an unknown source. Later imperial anthologies attributed poems to Okikaze based on their inclusion in this collection.

## Compiler and date

The *Okikaze-shū* is a personal collection (*kashū*) of the *waka* of the 10th-century poet Fujiwara no Okikaze. It was not personally compiled by Okikaze, but by a later, unknown compiler, in the mid- or late-Heian period.

## Textual tradition

The *Okikaze-shū* has three distinct textual lines, but scholars consider them to have originated from a single Urtext.

Line 1 is the *rufubon* (common) text, which was printed as part of the *Kasen Kashū* during the Shōhō era (the *Shōhō-ban Kasen Kashū*, 正保版歌仙歌集) and includes 52 poems. The last of these poems, however, is an interpolation (他本歌 *tahon-ka*) from the *Gosenshū*. Line 2 is represented by a manuscript traditionally attributed to Bōmon-no-tsubone, and includes 53 poems. Line 3 is represented by the edition included in the *Nishihonganji-bon Sanjūroku-nin Shū* (the Nishi Hongan-ji text), and includes 57 poems. Lines 1 and 2 more closely resemble each other than either resembles Line 3.

There is also a surviving fragmentary text, the so-called *Fujiwara no Okikaze Shū* (藤原興風集).

## Contents

All three textual lines of the *Okikaze-shū* are composed of two sections, the first of which consists of poems borrowed from the *Kokinshū* and the *Gosenshū*, the latter sections being poems collected by an unknown compiler. The poems that were attributed to Okikaze by the *Shinkokinshū* and later imperial anthologies were all taken from this latter section.

## Facsimiles and modern editions

Facsimile editions include the *Fukkoku Nihon Koten Bungakukan*, the *Gosho-bon Sanjūrokunin-shū*, the *Sanjūrokunin Kashū* and the *Nishihonganji-bon Sanjūrokunin Kashū*.

Modern printed editions include those of the *Gunsho Ruijū*, the *Shoku Kokka Taikan* (a supplement to the *Kokka Taikan*) and the *Katsura no Miya Sōsho* Vol. 1.

## Works cited

* Okumura, Tsuneya (1983). "Okikaze-shū". *Nihon Koten Bungaku Daijiten* 日本古典文学大辞典 (in Japanese). Vol. 1. Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten. p. 469. OCLC 11917421.


title: Stefan Zucker

abstract: Stefan Zucker is an American singer, expert on Italian opera and self-described "opera fanatic." He was listed in the 1980 Guinness Book of Records as the "world's highest tenor" for having hit and sustained an A above high C for 3.8 seconds at The Town Hall in New York City on September 12, 1972.

text:
# Stefan Zucker

**Stefan Zucker** (born 1949) is an American singer, expert on Italian opera and self-described "opera fanatic." He was listed in the 1980 Guinness Book of Records as the "world's highest tenor" for having hit and sustained an A above high C for 3.8 seconds at The Town Hall in New York City on September 12, 1972.

## Life and career

Zucker earned a Bachelor of Science in philosophy from Columbia University and studied for a Ph.D. in that subject at New York University.

Zucker was the editor of *Opera Fanatic* magazine and hosted the radio interview program of the same name on WKCR-FM radio in New York City from the 1970s to 1995. The program was broadcast weekly on Saturday evenings. Zucker and his audience (who participated by means of comments called in during musical segments) were highly focused on great singers and singing technique. Several opera singers considered to be greats of their age joined Zucker in the studio for long interviews that featured in depth discussion of the physical technique of voice production, musical and dramatic interpretation, and great singers of the past. Visitors included Magda Olivero, Franco Corelli, Jerome Hines, Alfredo Kraus, Francisco Araiza. Ferruccio Tagliavini, Grace Bumbry and Carlo Bergonzi. The radio show featured regular "Name the Voice" challenges to listeners, in which listeners were asked to identify voices from historic recordings. In another regular feature, listeners voted for their favorite tenor of the century.

The eccentric enthusiasm of Zucker and his audience for opera was reflected in the magazine *Opera Fanatic*, which once featured a nude centerfold and speculated that singer Aprile Millo might be the daughter of President Kennedy. Zucker also waded into a controversial plan by Lyndon LaRouche to legislate a standard pitch for middle C lower than that currently used, which according to supporters would return standard pitch to 19th-century levels, aiding singers. Zucker opposed the change. In Jan Schmidt-Garre's 1998 documentary film "Opera Fanatic", Zucker travels around Italy interviewing opera divas from the 1950s. Zucker contributed to the *International Dictionary of Opera, Opera News, American Record Guide, Opera Quarterly, Professione Musica*, *The Globe and Mail* and others.

After Columbia University, the owner of WKCR-FM radio, dropped Zucker as the host of "Opera Fanatic" in 1994, he turned his efforts to preserving early opera recordings and films through his nonprofit Bel Canto Society. He talks and sings in Jan Schmidt-Garre's film series "The Tenors of the 78 Era" and has lectured at the Mannes College of Music in New York City. Four of Zucker's articles from *Opera News* written from 1981 to 1986, about singing and singers, are collected as *The Origins of Modern Tenor Singing*, a 16-page booklet. The articles focus on Gioachino Rossini, castratos and florid singing; the David family of tenors; Andrea Nozzari; Giovanni Battista Rubini; Gilbert Duprez; and the high C "from the chest." These articles trace the development, as understood by Zucker, of tenor singing from the 1770s through the mid-19th century to Enrico Caruso.

Zucker and his mother, soprano Rosina Wolf, claim to be the last in a line of singers using the method of singing style taught by Giovanni Battista Rubini. Many people have criticized Zucker's singing, which has a pronounced "bleat" sound. The critic Donal Henahan wrote in *The New York Times*, reviewing Zucker in a performance of Bellini's opera *Adelson e Salvini*, that his high notes were like "the scratching of a fingernail on a blackboard." Zucker and his mother produced the first performance of the 1829 final version of that opera.


title: 1956–57 New York Knicks season

abstract: The 1956–57 New York Knicks season was the 11th season for the team in the National Basketball Association (NBA). With a 36–36 record that placed them fourth in the Eastern Division, the Knicks failed to qualify for the NBA playoffs.

text:
# 1956–57 New York Knicks season

The **1956–57 New York Knicks season** was the 11th season for the team in the National Basketball Association (NBA). With a 36–36 record that placed them fourth in the Eastern Division, the Knicks failed to qualify for the NBA playoffs.

## NBA draft

*Note:* This is not an extensive list; it only covers the first and second rounds, and any other players picked by the franchise that played at least one game in the league.

| Round | Pick | Player | Position | Nationality | School/Club Team |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 4 | Ronnie Shavlik | F | United States | NC State |
| 2 | 11 | Gary Bergen | C | United States | Utah |
|  |  | Pat Dunn | G | United States | Utah State |

## Regular season

### Season standings

|  | W | L | PCT | GB | Home | Road | Neutral | Div |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **x-**Boston Celtics | 44 | 28 | .611 | - | 24-4 | 11-18 | 9-6 | 20-16 |
| **x-**Syracuse Nationals | 38 | 34 | .528 | 6 | 23-9 | 9-15 | 6-10 | 20-16 |
| **x-**Philadelphia Warriors | 37 | 35 | .514 | 7 | 20-5 | 5–25 | 12-5 | 17-19 |
| New York Knicks | 36 | 36 | .500 | 8 | 18-10 | 9-19 | 9-7 | 15-21 |

**x** – clinched playoff spot

### Record vs. opponents

| 1956-57 NBA Records | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Team | BOS | FWP | MIN | NYK | PHI | ROC | STL | SYR |
| Boston |  | 6–3 | 5–4 | 7–5 | 8–4 | 6–3 | 7–2 | 5–7 |
| Fort Wayne | 3–6 |  | 7–5 | 5–4 | 4–5 | 6–6 | 4–8 | 5–4 |
| Minneapolis | 4–5 | 5–7 |  | 3–6 | 5–4 | 9–3 | 4–8 | 4–5 |
| New York | 5–7 | 4–5 | 6–3 |  | 4–8 | 5–4 | 6–3 | 6–6 |
| Philadelphia | 4–8 | 5–4 | 4–5 | 8–4 |  | 4–5 | 7–2 | 5–7 |
| Rochester | 3–6 | 6–6 | 3–9 | 4–5 | 5–4 |  | 6–6 | 4–5 |
| St. Louis | 2–7 | 8–4 | 8–4 | 3–6 | 2–7 | 6–6 |  | 5–4 |
| Syracuse | 7–5 | 4–5 | 5–4 | 6–6 | 7–5 | 5–4 | 4–5 |  |

### Game log

| 1956–57 Game log | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **#** | **Date** | **Opponent** | **Score** | **High points** | **Record** |
| 1 | October 27 | Boston | 115–112 | Ray Felix (22) | 0–1 |
| 2 | November 3 | @ Boston | 113–107 | Ken Sears (23) | 1–1 |
| 3 | November 4 | @ Fort Wayne | 96–83 | Ken Sears (17) | 2–1 |
| 4 | November 7 | @ St. Louis | 101–107 | Ken Sears (22) | 2–2 |
| 5 | November 10 | @ Philadelphia | 81–83 | Ken Sears (17) | 2–3 |
| 6 | November 11 | Philadelphia | 95–106 | Harry Gallatin (32) | 3–3 |
| 7 | November 14 | @ Rochester | 87–90 | Ray Felix (22) | 3–4 |
| 8 | November 18 | St. Louis | 69–102 | Ken Sears (16) | 4–4 |
| 9 | November 21 | N Fort Wayne | 103–104 (OT) | Carl Braun (19) | 4–5 |
| 10 | November 24 | Rochester | 96–87 | Carl Braun (20) | 4–6 |
| 11 | November 25 | @ Rochester | 93–95 | Ray Felix (26) | 4–7 |
| 12 | November 27 | Fort Wayne | 98–105 | Harry Gallatin (21) | 5–7 |
| 13 | November 30 | @ Philadelphia | 99–110 | Harry Gallatin (19) | 5–8 |
| 14 | December 1 | Syracuse | 100–117 | Ken Sears (25) | 6–8 |
| 15 | December 2 | @ Syracuse | 100–110 | Nathaniel Clifton (24) | 6–9 |
| 16 | December 4 | Minneapolis | 88–101 | Ken Sears (18) | 7–9 |
| 17 | December 6 | N Rochester | 92–95 | Ray Felix (20) | 8–9 |
| 18 | December 7 | @ St. Louis | 107–101 | Ken Sears (23) | 9–9 |
| 19 | December 8 | N St. Louis | 104–109 | Carl Braun (25) | 10–9 |
| 20 | December 9 | @ Minneapolis | 100–91 | Carl Braun (24) | 11–9 |
| 21 | December 11 | St. Louis | 137–128 | Harry Gallatin (32) | 11–10 |
| 22 | December 12 | N Minneapolis | 103–121 | Carl Braun (25) | 11–11 |
| 23 | December 15 | @ Rochester | 91–76 | Ron Sobieszczyk (16) | 12–11 |
| 24 | December 16 | @ Fort Wayne | 80–84 | Harry Gallatin (19) | 12–12 |
| 25 | December 18 | Boston | 99–110 | Ken Sears (21) | 13–12 |
| 26 | December 23 | Philadelphia | 95–90 | Nathaniel Clifton (23) | 13–13 |
| 27 | December 25 | St. Louis | 107–105 (OT) | Harry Gallatin (25) | 13–14 |
| 28 | December 27 | @ Philadelphia | 87–112 | Harry Gallatin (16) | 13–15 |
| 29 | December 30 | Rochester | 88–96 | Ken Sears (33) | 14–15 |
| 30 | January 1 | @ Syracuse | 102–106 | Harry Gallatin (21) | 14–16 |
| 31 | January 3 | Syracuse | 111–126 | Willie Naulls (21) | 15–16 |
| 32 | January 5 | @ Fort Wayne | 96–109 | Carl Braun (24) | 15–17 |
| 33 | January 6 | @ Minneapolis | 111–101 | Ken Sears (26) | 16–17 |
| 34 | January 8 | Boston | 102–113 | Harry Gallatin (26) | 17–17 |
| 35 | January 10 | N St. Louis | 84–89 (OT) | Ken Sears (23) | 18–17 |
| 36 | January 12 | @ Philadelphia | 82–116 | Ron Sobieszczyk (16) | 18–18 |
| 37 | January 13 | Philadelphia | 90–101 | Harry Gallatin (22) | 19–18 |
| 38 | January 17 | N Minneapolis | 94–93 | Ken Sears (20) | 20–18 |
| 39 | January 19 | Fort Wayne | 100–102 | Clifton, Naulls (18) | 21–18 |
| 40 | January 20 | @ Boston | 78–114 | Willie Naulls (21) | 21–19 |
| 41 | January 22 | Syracuse | 88–90 | Ken Sears (19) | 22–19 |
| 42 | January 23 | N Philadelphia | 99–93 | Ray Felix (21) | 22–20 |
| 43 | January 24 | @ Syracuse | 97–115 | Harry Gallatin (22) | 22–21 |
| 44 | January 26 | Minneapolis | 107–122 | McGuire, Naulls (20) | 23–21 |
| 45 | January 27 | @ Fort Wayne | 102–103 (OT) | Ken Sears (23) | 23–22 |
| 46 | January 29 | Philadelphia | 110–114 | Naulls, Sobieszczyk (23) | 24–22 |
| 47 | January 30 | N Rochester | 80–92 | Willie Naulls (20) | 25–22 |
| 48 | January 31 | N Philadelphia | 106–102 | Ron Sobieszczyk (20) | 25–23 |
| 49 | February 2 | Boston | 114–111 | Carl Braun (28) | 25–24 |
| 50 | February 3 | @ Boston | 98–116 | Nathaniel Clifton (30) | 25–25 |
| 51 | February 5 | Rochester | 91–88 | Ken Sears (20) | 25–26 |
| 52 | February 6 | N Syracuse | 100–119 | Braun, Sears (25) | 26–26 |
| 53 | February 8 | N Boston | 92–90 | Carl Braun (27) | 27–26 |
| 54 | February 9 | Syracuse | 101–89 | Harry Gallatin (17) | 27–27 |
| 55 | February 10 | @ Syracuse | 100–102 | Harry Gallatin (27) | 27–28 |
| 56 | February 13 | @ Rochester | 85–82 | Carl Braun (32) | 28–28 |
| 57 | February 14 | N Minneapolis | 97–99 | Richie Guerin (26) | 28–29 |
| 58 | February 16 | Minneapolis | 112–120 | Carl Braun (30) | 29–29 |
| 59 | February 17 | @ Philadelphia | 115–123 | Jim Baechtold (20) | 29–30 |
| 60 | February 19 | Boston | 112–110 | Richie Guerin (35) | 29–31 |
| 61 | February 21 | N Fort Wayne | 114–120 | Harry Gallatin (24) | 29–32 |
| 62 | February 23 | Fort Wayne | 94–102 | Ray Felix (19) | 30–32 |
| 63 | February 24 | @ Boston | 85–97 | Harry Gallatin (24) | 30–33 |
| 64 | February 26 | St. Louis | 76–107 | Ray Felix (17) | 31–33 |
| 65 | February 28 | N Boston | 122–121 (OT) | Richie Guerin (25) | 32–33 |
| 66 | March 2 | @ St. Louis | 97–94 | Ken Sears (21) | 33–33 |
| 67 | March 3 | @ Minneapolis | 108–119 | Richie Guerin (21) | 33–34 |
| 68 | March 5 | Syracuse | 99–92 | Ken Sears (19) | 33–35 |
| 69 | March 6 | @ Syracuse | 100–93 | Harry Gallatin (29) | 34–35 |
| 70 | March 7 | N Syracuse | 94–99 | Guerin, Sears (17) | 35–35 |
| 71 | March 10 | Philadelphia | 103–104 | Harry Gallatin (22) | 36–35 |
| 72 | March 13 | @ Boston | 91–122 | Ken Sears (16) | 36–36 |

## InfoBox

| 1956–57 New York Knicks season | |
| --- | --- |
| Head coach | Vince Boryla |
| General manager | Ned Irish |
| Arena | Madison Square Garden |
| Results | |
| Record | 3636 (.500) |
| Place | Division: 4th (Eastern) |
| Playoff finish | Did not qualify |
| Local media | |
| Television | WPIX |
| Radio | WINS |
|


title: Mandai Wildlife Bridge

abstract: The Mandai Wildlife Bridge is an ecological bridge in Singapore. It links portions of the Central Catchment Nature Reserve that are otherwise separated by the Mandai Lake Road. The bridge will allow animals, but not people, to cross from one part of the reserve to the other. Prior to the bridge's construction, animals such as mouse deer, civets, shrew-faced squirrels and Sunda pangolins were cut off from others of their own species by Mandai Lake Road. The bridge is intended to allow individuals living on either side of the bridge to breed with each other and increase genetic diversity. According to authorities, roadkill was not the direct reason for constructing the bridge. However, several animals including a Sunda pangolin, a leopard cat, a sambar deer, a wild boar and several Sunda colugos had been found dead on or near the road in the two years prior to the completion of the bridge, and it is hoped that the bridge will reduce such incidents.

text:
# Mandai Wildlife Bridge

The **Mandai Wildlife Bridge** is an ecological bridge in Singapore. It links portions of the Central Catchment Nature Reserve that are otherwise separated by the Mandai Lake Road.

The bridge will allow animals, but not people, to cross from one part of the reserve to the other. Prior to the bridge's construction, animals such as mouse deer, civets, shrew-faced squirrels and Sunda pangolins were cut off from others of their own species by Mandai Lake Road. The bridge is intended to allow individuals living on either side of the bridge to breed with each other and increase genetic diversity. According to authorities, roadkill was not the direct reason for constructing the bridge. However, several animals including a Sunda pangolin, a leopard cat, a sambar deer, a wild boar and several Sunda colugos had been found dead on or near the road in the two years prior to the completion of the bridge, and it is hoped that the bridge will reduce such incidents.

## History

The bridge spans 140 metres (460 ft) over Mandai Lake Road. The bridge was completed on 6 December 2019 after 2+12 years of construction. Trees have been planted on the bridge to replicate a forest environment for animals to use as a crossing although it will take 5 to 10 years for the canopy to mature. The trees planted are of varying heights in order to better replicate a forest environment. The bridge does not actually go into the Central Catchment Nature Reserve but connects two buffer zones which have been established adjacent to the reserve. The buffer zones help ensure that the reserve itself is not impacted by the structure.

The bridge is part of a long-term project to develop the area in an environmentally friendly way. The long-term project will include reforestation of the area, as part of a 10-year Mandai Ecological Reforestation Plan. The project will also add a new bird park and a rainforest park to the area, which already contains the Singapore Zoo, the Night Safari and the River Wonders attractions.

01°24′27″N 103°47′00″E / 1.40750°N 103.78333°E / 1.40750; 103.78333


title: West Viola, Kentucky

abstract: West Viola is an unincorporated community in Graves County, Kentucky, United States.

text:
# West Viola, Kentucky

**West Viola** is an unincorporated community in Graves County, Kentucky, United States.

## InfoBox

| West Viola, Kentucky | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| West
ViolaWest
Viola | |
| Coordinates: 36°51′19″N 88°39′46″W / 36.85528°N 88.66278°W / 36.85528; -88.66278 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Kentucky |
| County | Graves |
| Elevation | 137 m (449 ft) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| ZIP Code | 42051 |
| GNIS feature ID | 506482 |
| U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: West Viola, Kentucky | |


title: Opostega kuznetzovi

abstract: Opostega kuznetzovi is a moth of the family Opostegidae. It was described by Kozlov in 1985. It has mainly been found in the Russian Far East. Adults have been recorded in July.

text:
# Opostega kuznetzovi

***Opostega kuznetzovi*** is a moth of the family Opostegidae. It was described by Kozlov in 1985. It has mainly been found in the Russian Far East.

Adults have been recorded in July.

## InfoBox

| *Opostega kuznetzovi* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Opostegidae |
| Genus: | *Opostega* |
| Species: | ***O. kuznetzovi*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Opostega kuznetzovi***<br>Kozlov, 1985 | |
|


# List of Indonesian acronyms and abbreviations

## A

**AAL** (*Akademi Angkatan Laut*) - Indonesian Naval Academy

**AAU** (*Akademi Angkatan Udara*) - Indonesian Air Force Academy

**ABK** (*anak buah kapal*) - ship's crew

**ABRI** (*Angkatan Bersenjata Republik Indonesia*) - Military of Indonesia (New Order Era)

**Akmil** (*Akademi Militer*) - Indonesian Military Academy

**Alutsista** (*Alat Utama Sistem Senjata Tentara Nasional Indonesia*) - Indonesian National Armed Forces Armaments and Munitions

**AMD** (*ABRI Masuk Desa*) - A social responsibility program by Indonesian army (ABRI), such as providing free medical service, repairing/building roads and public utilities.

**AMS** (*Dutch: Algeme(e)ne Middelbare School*) - High School or College (Dutch colonial era)

**antv** (*Andalas Televisi*) - Andalas Television (Private Television Station)

**APBN** (Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara). The national budget.

**APRA** (*Angkatan Perang Ratu Adil*) - a rebel group against Republic of Indonesia (1950), led by former Dutch army officer, Captain Westerling.

**AS** (*Amerika Serikat*) - USA, the United States of America

## B

**Bakin** (*Badan Koordinasi Intelijen*) - Indonesian Intelligence Coordination body, renamed **BIN** (Indonesian State Intelligence Agency \- *Badan Intelijen Negara*).

**Bakom PKB** (*Badan Komunikasi Penghayatan Kesatuan Bangsa*) - an ethnic Chinese organization, led by Major Sindhunata.

**Bakosurtanal** (*Badan Koordinasi Survei dan Pemetaan Nasional*) - National Coordinating Agency for Surveying and Mapping.

**Bappenas** (*Badan Perencanaan dan Pembangunan Nasional*) Indonesian National Development Agency.

**Baperki** (*Badan Permusjawaratan Kewarganegaraan Indonesia*) - an ethnic Chinese organization affiliated with the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI).

**Basarnas** (*Badan SAR Nasional*) - National search and rescue organization.

**BKKBN** (*Badan Koordinasi Keluarga Berencana Nasional*) - a coordinating body of family planning (Indonesian birth control) movement.

**BKN** (*Badan Kepegawaian Negara*) - Agency for government employees

**BNN** (*Badan Narkotika Nasional*) - Agency for monitoring narcotics

**BPPT** (*Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi*) - Agency for The Assestment and Application of Technology.

**Berita Negara** \- Official Gazette of Indonesia.

**BRI** (*Bank Rakyat Indonesia*) - People's Bank of Indonesia, a state owned bank.

## C

**Cagub** (*Calon Gubenur*) - Gubernatorial Candidate

**Capres** (*Calon Presiden*) - Presidential Candidate

**Cawagub** (*Calon Wakil Gubenur*) - Lieutenant Gubernatorial Candidate

**Cawakot** (*Calon Wali Kota*) - Mayoral Candidate

**Cawapres** (*Calon Wakil Presiden*) - Vice Presidential Candidate

**Cerkan** (*Cerita Rekaan*) - Fiction

**Cerpen** (*Cerita Pendek*) - Short story

## D

**Depdagri** (*Departemen Dalam Negeri*) - Department of Internal Affairs

**Depdikbud** (*Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan*) - Department of Education and Culture (Suharto era)

**Depdiknas** (*Departemen Pendidikan Nasional Republik Indonesia*) - Department of Education

**Dephan** (*Departemen Pertahanan*) - Department of Defense

**Deplu** (*Departemen Luar Negeri*) - Department of Foreign Affairs

**Depsos** (*Departemen Sosial*) - Department of Social Affairs

**DI** (*Daerah Istimewa*) - special region

**DIPIAD** (*Dinas Pusat Intelijen Angkatan Darat*) Army Central Intelligence Service

**DI/TII/NII** (*Darul Islam/Tentara Islam Indonesia/Negara Islam Indonesia*) - an extreme Muslim rebel group against Republic of Indonesia in West Java (1945–1963), led by Kartosoewiryo. Their main goal was establishing a Moslem country in Indonesia.

**DJP** (*Direktorat Jenderal Pajak*) - Directorate General of Taxation

**DKI** (*Daerah Khusus Ibukota*) - Special Capital Region (Jakarta)

**DPD** (*Dewan Perwakilan Daerah*) - Regional Representative Council

**DPR** (*Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat*) - People's Representative Council

**DPRD** (*Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah*) - Regional People's Representative Council

**Drachin** (*Drama China*) - Chinese dramas

**Drakor** (*Drama Korea*) - Korean dramas

## E

**ELS** (*Dutch: Europeesche Lagere School*) - Primary School (Dutch colonial era).

**ET** (**Eks Tahanan Politik**) - a mark put on the ID Card (*Kartu Tanda Penduduk*) of former political prisoners (new order era).

## G

**GAM** (*Gerakan Aceh Merdeka*) - Free Aceh Movement, a rebel group against Republic of Indonesia (1976–2005).

**Gerwani** (*Gerakan Wanita*) - The women's organisation of the Communist Party of Indonesia.

**GIA** (Garuda Indonesia Airlines) - a state owned airlines (the official flag carrier), also it's ICAO code.

## I

**IDI** (*Ikatan Dokter Indonesia*) - Indonesian Doctor Association

**IKAPI** (*Ikatan Penerbit Indonesia*) - Association of Indonesian Publishers

**IPA** (*Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam*) - Science

**IPDN** (*Institut Pemerintahan Dalam Negeri*) - Governance Institute of Home Affairs

**IPS** (*Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial*) - Social science

**ITB** (*Institut Teknologi Bandung*) - Bandung Institute of Technology

## J

**JI** (*Jemaah Islamiyah*) - a Muslim terrorist group established in Malaysia by Abu Bakar Basyir and Sungkar.

## K

**KAI** (*Kereta Api Indonesia*) - a state owned train company.

**KBRI** (*Kedutaan Besar Republik Indonesia*) - Indonesian Embassy

**KJRI** (*Konsulat Jenderal Republik Indonesia* \[*id*\]) - Indonesian Consulate General

**KKB** (*Kredit Kendaraan Bermotor*) - automotive loan

**KKN**:

**Kelompencapir** \[*id*\] (*Kelompok Pendengar, Pembaca, Pirsawan*) - a group of Indonesian farmers in villages who listen to radio, watch TV, and read newspapers together for information about farming and agriculture.

**Kemdagri** (*Kementrian Dalam Negeri*) - Ministry of Internal Affairs (current)

**Kemlu** (*Kementrian Luar Negeri*) - Ministry of Foreign Affairs (current)

**Kemsos** (*Kementrian Sosial*) - Ministry of Social Affairs (current)

**Kopaja** (*Koperasi Angkutan Jakarta*) - A very common bus seen in Jakarta transporting people for about Rp. 2,000

**KODAM** (*Komando Daerah Militer*) - Indonesian Army's Provincial office

**Komcad**(*Komponen Cadangan*) - Indonesian National Armed Forces Reserve Component

**KOPASSUS** (*Komando Pasukan Khusus*) - Indonesian Army's special troops command.

**KORAMIL** (*Komando Rayon Militer* \[*id*\]) - Indonesian Army's district office

**Korsel** (*Korea Selatan*) - South Korea

**KOSTRAD** (*Komando Strategis dan Cadangan TNI Angkatan Darat*) - Army Strategic Reserve Command.

**Kowani** (*Kongress Wanita Indonesia*) - Indonesian Women's Congress

**KPI**:

* *Koalisi Perempuan Indonesia untuk Keadilan dan Demokrasi* \[*id*\] - Indonesian Women's Coalition for Justice and Democracy
* *Komisi Penyiaran Indonesia* \- Indonesian institution for monitoring television broadcasting.

**KPA** (*Kredit Pemilikan Apartemen*) - apartment mortgage

**KPK** (*Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi* \- counter-corruption agency)

**KPR** (*Kredit Pemilikan Rumah*) - housing mortgage

**KTI** (*Karya Tulis Ilmiah*) - Scientific paper

**KTP** (*Kartu Tanda Penduduk*) - Identity Card

**KUD** (*Koperasi Unit Desa*) - cooperation of farmers in a village.

**KUK** (*Kredit Usaha Kecil*) - micro credits for small-scale business.

**KUR** (*Kredit Usaha Rakyat* \[*id*\]) - government priority program for financing MSMEs (current)

**KUT** (*Kredit Usaha Tani*) - micro credits for farmers in villages.

## L

**LAPAN** (*Lembaga Antariksa dan Penerbangan Nasional*) - Indonesian National Aerospace Institute

**Lantatur** (*Layanan Tanpa Turun*) - Drive-through

**LBHI** (*Lembaga Bantuan Hukum Indonesia*) - Indonesia Free Legal Aid Institute

**LKBN** (*Lembaga Kantor Berita Nasional*) - National News Bureau

**Lekra** (*Lembaga Kebudayaan Rakyat*) - a pro Indonesian communist party (PKI) artist organization. One of the leaders of Lekra was Pramoedya Ananta Toer

**LIPI** (*Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia*) - Indonesian Institute of Science

**LDII** (LEMBAGA DAKWAH ISLAM INDONESIA) - Pengajian Islam Berdasarkan Qur\`an Hadis

**LAPAS** (LEMBAGA PERMASYARAKATAN) - Indonesian Correctional Facility

## M

**Mahmilub** (*Mahkamah Militer Luar Biasa*) - special Military court created in 1966 to prosecute military and civilian perpetrators of G30S movement.

**Masyumi** (*Majelis Syura Muslimin Indonesia*) - an old Islamic Party During Liberal democratic era (1949–1959).

**Mendiknas** (*Menteri Pendidikan Nasional*) - Minister of Education (current political title)

**Menlu** (*Menteri Luar Negeri*) - Foreign Minister

**MMI** (*Majelis Mujahidin Indonesia*) - an extreme Muslim group in Surakarta, Central Java, led by Abu Bakar Basyir.

**MPR** (*Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat*) - People's Consultative Assembly - national legislature.

**MULO** (*Dutch: Meer Uitgebreid Lager Onderwijs*) - Middle School (Dutch colonial era)

## N

**Narkoba** (*NARKotika dan Obat-obatan berBAhaya*) - Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs

**Nasakom** (*Nasionalis, Agama, Komunis*) - an abbreviation created by Sukarno "Nationalist, Religionist, Communist"

**Napza** (*Narkotika, Psikotropika dan Zat-zat Adiktif*) - Narcotics, Psychotropics and Addictive Substance.

**Nekolim** (*Neo Kolonialisme dan Imperialisme*) an abbreviation created by Sukarno "Neo Colonialism and Imperialism"

## O

**OJK** (*Otoritas Jasa Keuangan*) - Financial Services Authority

## P

**PAL** (*Penataran Angkatan Laut*) - Navy Shipyard

**Paskibra** (*Pasukan Pengibar Bendera*) - flag raiser troops

**Paskibraka** (*Pasukan Pengibar Bendera Pusaka*) - Flag Raiser troops on August 17 Ceremony at Merdeka Palace

**Padus** (*Paduan Suara*) - Choir

**PAUD** (*Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini*) - Indonesian Kindegarten

**PBB** -(*Perserikatan Bangsa-bangsa*) - United Nations

-("Pajak Bumi dan Bangunan") - Ground and Building Tax

**PDGI** (*Persatuan Dokter Gigi Indonesia*) - Union of Indonesian Dentists

**PDRI** (*Pemerintahan Darurat Republik Indonesia*) - Emergency Government of the Republic of Indonesia: from December 22, 1948, to December 27, 1949. This emergency government was located in Bukittinggi, West Sumatra and led by Syafruddin Prawiranegara.

**PELNI** (*Pelayaran Nasional Indonesia*) - the state owned ocean liner company.

**Permias** (*Persekutuan Mahasiswa Indonesia di Amerika Serikat*) - Organization of the Indonesian Students in the United States

**PKI** (*Partai Komunis Indonesia*) - Indonesian Communist Party

**PKK** (*Pendidikan Kesejahteraan Keluarga*) - lit "Family Welfare Education" The National Women's Movement

**PKN STAN** (*Politeknik Keuangan Negara STAN*) - Indonesian State College of Accountancy

**PMA** (*Penanaman Modal Asing*) - Foreign Direct Investment company

**PMDN** \- Domestic Direct Investment company, i.e. 100% of shares held by Indonesian citizens

**PMI** (*Palang Merah Indonesia*) - Indonesian Red Cross.

**PMKRI** (*Perhimpunan Mahasiswa Katholik Republik Indonesia*) - Union of Catholic University Students of the Republic of Indonesia

**PMR** (*Palang Merah Remaja*) - Youth Red Cross

**POLRI** (*Polisi Republik Indonesia*) - Indonesian National Police.

**PP** (*Peraturan Pemerintah*) - Government Regulations.

**PPh** (*Pajak Penghasilan*) - Salary Tax.

**PPN** (*Pajak Pertambahan Nilai*) - Value added Tax / Good and Service Tax.

**PPnBM** (*Pajak Pertambahan Nilai Barang Mewah*) - Luxury Goods tax.

**Pramuka** (*Praja Muda Karana*) - Indonesian Scout Organization

**PRRI/Permesta** (*Pemerintahan Revolusioner Republik Indonesia*/*Perjuangan Rakyat Semesta*) - a rebel group against Republic of Indonesia in West Sumatra and North Sulawesi (1957), supported by Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).

**PT** (*Perseroan Terbatas*) - Limited Liability Company (LLC) -or- Proprietary Limited (Pty Ltd)

## R

**RAPBN** (*Rancangan Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara*) - The National Budget Plans.

**RBTV** (*Reksa Birama Televisi*) - Regional television station

**RCTI** (*Rajawali Citra Televisi Indonesia*) - (*lit: Hawk Television Indonesia*) Private Television Broadcaster

**Repelita** (*Rencana Pembangunan Lima Tahun*) - Five-Year Development Plan

**RI** (*Republik Indonesia*) - Republic of Indonesia.

**RIS** (*Republik Indonesia Serikat*) - The United States of Indonesia (from December 27, 1949, to August 17, 1950).

**Rohis** (*Rohani Islam*) - Moslem school organization

**RPKAD** (*Resimen Para Komando Angkatan Darat*) - Former Indonesian Army's Special Operation Troops (now KOPASSUS)

**RRC** or **RRT** (*Republik Rakyat Cina* or *Republik Rakyat Tiongkok*) - People's Republic of China

**RS** (*Rumah Saki*) - Hospital:

* **RSU** (*Rumah Sakit Umum*) - Public hospital.
* **RSUD** (*Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah*) - Regional public hospital.
* **RSJ** (*Rumah Sakit Jiwa*) - Psychiatric hospital.
* **RSB** (*Rumah Sakit Bersalin*) - Maternity hospital.
* **RSIA** (*Rumah Sakit Ibu dan Anak*) - Pediatrics and Women hospital.
* **RSAD** (*Rumah Sakit Angkatan Darat*) - Military hospital (Indonesia army).
* **RSAL** (*Rumah Sakit Angkatan Laut*) - Military hospital (Indonesia navy).

## S

**Sekjen** (*Sekretariat Jenderal* or *Sekretaris Jenderal*) - Secretary General (of an organization)

**SCTV** (*Surya Citra Televisi*) - (*lit: Sun Television*) Private Television Broadcaster

**SD** (*Sekolah Dasar*) - Primary School (current)

**SDSB** (*Sumbangan Dana Sosial Berhadiah*) - National Lottery (defunct)

**SIM** (*Surat Izin Mengemudi*) - Driving License

**SLTA** (*Sekolah Lanjutan Tingkat Atas*) - High School

**SLTP** (*Sekolah Lanjutan Tingkat Pertama*) - Middle School

**SMA** (*Sekolah Menengah Atas*) - High School (It was first used before the name SLTA, but currently used again widely)

**SMP** (*Sekolah Menengah Pertama*) - Middle School (It was first used before the name SLTP, but currently used again widely)

**Supersemar** (*Surat Perintah Sebelas Maret*) - 11 March Government Letter. Letter written by President Sukarno in 1966 formally granting Suharto Emergency Powers over the nation of Indonesia.

## T

**TH** (*Tahun*) - Used for shortening years, typically anniversaries. e.g. 73TH Indonesia Merdeka.

**Tapol** (*Tahanan Politik*) - Political prisoner

**Tarnus** (*Taruna Nusantara*) - Taruna Nusantara

**TKA** (*Tenaga Kerja Asing*) - Foreign labor

**TKI** (*Tenaga Kerja Indonesia*) - Indonesian labor

**TNI** (*Tentara Nasional Indonesia*) - Military of Indonesia

**TNI AD** (*Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Darat*) - Indonesian Army

**TNI AL** (*Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Laut*) - Indonesian Navy

**TNI AU** (*Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Udara*) - Indonesian Airforce

**TPI** (*Televisi Pendidikan Indonesia*) - Educational Television Indonesia (private television broadcaster)

**TVRI** (*Televisi Republik Indonesia*) - Television of Republic of Indonesia (publicly owned broadcaster)

## U

**UI** (*Universitas Indonesia*) - University of Indonesia

**UGM** (*Universitas Gadjah Mada*) - Gadjah Mada University

**UT** (*Universitas Terbuka*) - Indonesia Open University

**UMR** (*Upah Minimum Regional*) - Regional minimum wage

**UU** (*Undang-undang*) - Constitution

**UUD** (*Undang-undang Dasar*) - Basic law

## W

**WALHI** (*Wahana Lingkungan Hidup*) - Indonesian Environmental Organization

**Wapres** (*Wakil Presiden*) - Vice President

**WIB** (*Waktu Indonesia Barat*) - Western Indonesia Time, i.e. UTC/GMT+7, a.k.a. time in Jakarta

**WIT** (*Waktu Indonesia Timur*) - Eastern Indonesia Time, i.e. UTC/GMT+9, a.k.a. time in Papua

**WITA** (*Waktu Indonesia Tenggah*) - Central Indonesia Time, i.e. UTC/GMT+8, a.k.a. time in Bali

**WNA** (*warga negara asing*) - Foreign citizen

**WNI** (*warga negara Indonesia*) - Indonesian citizen

## Y

**YPAC** (*Yayasan Pendidikan Anak-anak Cacat*) - Foundation for the Education of Disabled Children.

Jakarta Post list of Acronyms and Abbreviations:


title: New Mexico State Road 147

abstract: State Road 147 (NM 147) is a 1.07-mile-long (1.72 km) state highway in the US state of New Mexico. NM 147's western terminus is at NM 314 in Isleta Village Proper, and the eastern terminus is at NM 47 in Isleta Pueblo.

text:
# New Mexico State Road 147

**State Road 147** (**NM 147**) is a 1.07-mile-long (1.72 km) state highway in the US state of New Mexico. NM 147's western terminus is at NM 314 in Isleta Village Proper, and the eastern terminus is at NM 47 in Isleta Pueblo.

## Major intersections

The entire route is in Bernalillo County.

| Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Isleta Village Proper | 0.000 | 0.000 | NM 314 | Western terminus |
| Isleta Pueblo | 1.070 | 1.722 | NM 47 | Eastern terminus |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi<br> | | | | | |

Template:Attached KML/New Mexico State Road 147KML is not from Wikidata

## InfoBox

| State Road 147 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Route information | |
| Maintained by NMDOT | |
| Length | 1.070 mi (1.722 km) |
| Major junctions | |
| West end | NM 314 in Isleta Village Proper |
| East end | NM 47 in Isleta Pueblo |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| State | New Mexico |
| Counties | Bernalillo |
|  | |
| Highway system | |
| * **New Mexico State Highway System** | |
| NM 146   NM 150 | |


title: 1966 Sarawak constitutional crisis

abstract: The 1966 Sarawak constitutional crisis took place in the state of Sarawak, Malaysia from 1965 to 1966. This crisis was started by a group of politicians who were dissatisfied towards Stephen Kalong Ningkan's leadership as chief minister. Ningkan was later removed from the chief minister post by the Governor of Sarawak in June 1966. However, Ningkan was reinstated by the High Court in early September 1966. He was ousted from the chief minister office for the final time at the end of September 1966 and was replaced by Tawi Sli as the new chief minister. It was widely believed that the ouster of Ningkan was a result of interference by the Malaysian federal government due to him being a strong advocate of greater state autonomy.

text:
# 1966 Sarawak constitutional crisis

The **1966 Sarawak constitutional crisis** took place in the state of Sarawak, Malaysia from 1965 to 1966. This crisis was started by a group of politicians who were dissatisfied towards Stephen Kalong Ningkan's leadership as chief minister. Ningkan was later removed from the chief minister post by the Governor of Sarawak in June 1966. However, Ningkan was reinstated by the High Court in early September 1966. He was ousted from the chief minister office for the final time at the end of September 1966 and was replaced by Tawi Sli as the new chief minister. It was widely believed that the ouster of Ningkan was a result of interference by the Malaysian federal government due to him being a strong advocate of greater state autonomy.

## Background

Stephen Kalong Ningkan was the leader of the Sarawak Alliance which comprised Sarawak National Party (SNAP), Parti Pesaka Sarawak (PESAKA), Barisan Ra'ayat Jati Sarawak (BARJASA), and Sarawak Chinese Association (SCA). On 22 July 1963, Ningkan was appointed as the first chief minister of Sarawak following his party landslide winnings of the 1963 Sarawak district council elections. Temenggung Jugah (leader of the PESAKA party) was originally poised to become the first governor of Sarawak however he was transferred to a newly created portfolio called "Federal Minister of Sarawak Affairs" because of the opposition from the Malaysian federal government against the Dayaks to fill up the two highest posts in the state. Ningkan did not include any of the PESAKA representatives in his state cabinet despite the party contributing a significant number of seats for the Alliance. Ningkan did not have a good relationship with the federal government and also with his component parties such as PESAKA and BARJASA. He excluded both PESAKA and BARJASA from the cabinet decision-making process and opposed the usage of Malay language as the official language in Sarawak. Ningkan was also slow in replacing the expatriate officers from the state civil service to enable the Borneotisation of the state civil service. Ningkan opined that expatriates should hold the office until the locals were suitable to take over the positions. In the next three years, the Malays of PANAS and BARJASA were working together trying to topple Ningkan from power. They tried to bring the peninsular-based United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) into Sarawak to consolidate their power against Ningkan. However, after an assessment by the peninsular UMNO, the plan was cancelled because the party would require the support of other non-muslim Dayaks in order to survive in Sarawak as the group made up 50% of the total Sarawak population.

In 1965, Ningkan tried to initiate a land reform law that would allow the natives to sell their land to anyone including the Chinese. Such a law would also allow the natives to acquire large tracts of forest land. Ningkan's action angered the leaders in BARJASA party. Subsequently, Sarawak Native Alliance consisting of Parti Negara Sarawak (PANAS), BARJASA party, and Parti Pesaka Sarawak (PESAKA) was formed in order to challenge Ningkan's leadership. The land bill was subsequently withdrawn and PESAKA reaffirmed its standing with SNAP while accused BARJASA for splitting Iban's unity amongst SNAP and PESAKA. Ningkan then expelled BARJASA from the Alliance. However, negotiations restarted between the Alliance and BARJASA. BARJASA and PANAS were later readmitted into the Alliance. Two ministerial posts were reinstated for BARJASA, two new ministerial posts were created for PESAKA and one ministerial post was created for PANAS.

On 13 June 1966, Ningkan sacked Abdul Taib Mahmud (a BARJASA leader) from the post of Minister of Communication and Works for the second time. Ningkan accused Taib for trying to topple the state government. On the following day, PESAKA and BARJASA ministers resigned voluntarily from the state cabinet.

## The political crisis

On 16 June 1966, 21 out of 42 members of the state legislature declared that they did not have confidence in Stephen Kalong Ningkan. The 21 assemblymen wrote a petition to the Governor of Sarawak stating that they have lost confidence in the chief minister. The prime minister of Malaysia, Tunku Abdul Rahman also advocated the petition and asked Ningkan to resign.

On the same day, the Governor, Abang Haji Openg, at the insistence of the federal government in Kuala Lumpur, requested Ningkan to resign from the post. However, Ningkan refused to resign from the cabinet. Ningkan argued that the letter has not been supported by a formal motion of no confidence against him at the Council Negri (now Sarawak State Legislative Assembly). He also demanded the names of all the 21 Council Negri members who signed the petition. Ningkan also claimed that he still commanded a majority of the state assembly members and challenged his dissidents into a formal debate of motion of no confidence in the Council Negeri. Since Ningkan refused to resign, the governor then declared that Ningkan has ceased to hold office and appointed Tawi Sli as the new chief minister. The Governor also forwarded the names who had signed the petition to Ningkan.

## Judicial intervention in the political dispute

Following the ouster, Ningkan decided bring the case into Kuching High Court and named the Governor as the first defendant and Tawi Sli as the second defendant. On 7 September 1966, Chief Justice of Borneo, Justice Harley, delivered a verdict that reinstated Ningkan back to his chief minister post. According to Section 21 of the Interpretation Ordinance of the Sarawak state constitution, only the Council Negri has the power to appoint or dismiss a chief minister. The Governor does not have the power to dismiss a chief minister. However, chief minister can only be dismissed if he had lost the confidence of Council Negri or he refused to resign from the chief minister post but he also failed to advise a dissolution of the Council Negri.

## The removal of Ningkan

Following the court's decision, Ningkan tried to initiate a dissolution of Council Negri so that he could seek a fresh mandate from the voters. However, in September 1966, the federal government declared a state of emergency in Sarawak, citing chaos in the state. Through the Emergency (Federal Constitution and the Constitution of Sarawak) Act, an amendment was made to Article 150 of the Sarawak constitution. Such amendment authorised the Governor of Sarawak to convene a Council Negri meeting without going through the chief minister. A Council Negri meeting was commenced on 23 September 1966 and Ningkan was successfully removed from the chief minister post.

## Aftermath

Ningkan decided to bring the case to Federal Court of Malaysia after his second ouster. Ningkan also tried to seek legal advice from the British government about Britain's role in setting the conditions of Sarawak entering Malaysia and the signing of the London's agreement on behalf of Sarawak. Ningkan also argued that the Sarawak constitutional amendment was illegal because the state of emergency was declared under unusual circumstances. On 1 December 1967, federal court of Malaya determined that Yang di-Pertuan Agong has the absolute power to decide on the declaration of emergency, the parliament of Malaysia has the power to amend the constitution of Sarawak based on Article 150 of the federal constitution without consulting the governor of Sarawak. Meanwhile, there is not enough evidence to suggest that the declaration of emergency was done without the consideration of the security situation in Sarawak. On 1 August 1968, Judicial Committee of the Privy Council dismissed Ningkan's appeal. MacDermott stated that, "their Lordships could not find any reason for saying that the emergency was not grave and did not threaten the security of Sarawak."

## InfoBox

| 1966 Sarawak constitutional crisis | |
| --- | --- |
| Date | 1965–1966 |
| Location | Sarawak, Malaysia |
| Caused by | Dissatisfaction towards Stephen Kalong Ningkan leadership |
| Goals | Removal of Stephen Kalong Ningkan from the chief minister post |
| Methods |  |
| Resulted in | * State of emergency declared in Sarawak * Amendment of Sarawak state constitution * Removal of Ningkan from chief minister post |
| Parties | |
|  | |
| Lead figures | |
| Stephen Kalong Ningkan<br> | |


title: Oi Rio Pro 2019

abstract: The Oi Rio Pro 2019 was the fifth event of the Men's Championship Tour in the 2019 World Surf League. It took place from 20 to 23 June in Saquarema, Rio de Janeiro, and was contested by 36 surfers. In the final, Brazil's Filipe Toledo defeated Jordy Smith of South Africa to win the eighth Championship Tour event of his career.

text:
# Oi Rio Pro 2019

The **Oi Rio Pro 2019** was the fifth event of the Men's Championship Tour in the 2019 World Surf League. It took place from 20 to 23 June in Saquarema, Rio de Janeiro, and was contested by 36 surfers.

In the final, Brazil's Filipe Toledo defeated Jordy Smith of South Africa to win the eighth Championship Tour event of his career.

## Format

A new competition format was introduced for the 2019 Championship Tour. All 36 surfers take part in the Seeding Round. The top two surfers in each heat advance directly to the Round of 32, while the lowest-placed surfer in each heat enters the Elimination Round. In each of the four heats in the Elimination Round, the top two surfers advance to the Round of 32, while the lowest-placed surfer is eliminated from the competition. From the Round of 32 onwards, the competition follows a single elimination format, with the winner of each head-to-head heat advancing to the next round and the loser being eliminated.

## Competition

The competition took place from 20 to 23 June.

### Seeding Round

### Elimination round

### Round of 32

### Round of 16

### Quarterfinals

### Semifinals

### Final

## InfoBox

| Oi Rio Pro | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Saquarema, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil |
| Dates | 20 to 23 June 2019 |
| Competitors | 36 from 9 nations |
| Medalists | |
| Brazil  South Africa | |
|


title: Stenoma pantogenes

abstract: Stenoma pantogenes is a moth in the family Depressariidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1930. It is found in Brazil.

text:
# Stenoma pantogenes

***Stenoma pantogenes*** is a moth in the family Depressariidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1930. It is found in Brazil.

## InfoBox

| *Stenoma pantogenes* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Depressariidae |
| Genus: | *Stenoma* |
| Species: | ***S. pantogenes*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Stenoma pantogenes***<br>Meyrick, 1930 | |
|


title: ManiFiesta

abstract: ManiFiesta is an annual cultural and political festival in Belgium, organized by the magazine Solidair(e) and the health centres Médecine pour le Peuple. From 2010 to 2019 it was held in Bredene on the Belgian coast, after which it moved to Ostend. The latest edition received 16,900 visitors.

text:
# ManiFiesta

**ManiFiesta** is an annual cultural and political festival in Belgium, organized by the magazine *Solidair(e)* and the health centres Médecine pour le Peuple. From 2010 to 2019 it was held in Bredene on the Belgian coast, after which it moved to Ostend. The latest edition received 16,900 visitors.

## InfoBox

| ManiFiesta | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Nickname | *Fête de la Solidarité*<br>*Feest van de Solidariteit* |
| Status | active |
| Frequency | 2nd or 3rd weekend of September |
| Country | Belgium |
| Years active | 14 |
| Inaugurated | 2010 (2010) |
| Most recent | 2023 |
| Next event | 2024 |
| Attendance | 16,900 |
| Organised by | *Solidair(e)* and Médecine pour le Peuple/Geneeskunde voor het Volk |
| Website | manifiesta.be |


title: West Village Houses

abstract: The West Village Houses are a collection of 42 walk-up buildings in New York City's West Village that contain 420 apartments. They were built with the support of New York City and New York State through its Mitchell-Lama Housing Program. They were championed by Jane Jacobs and intended to be built on a human scale in keeping with her ideals.

text:
# West Village Houses

The **West Village Houses** are a collection of 42 walk-up buildings in New York City's West Village that contain 420 apartments. They were built with the support of New York City and New York State through its Mitchell-Lama Housing Program. They were championed by Jane Jacobs and intended to be built on a human scale in keeping with her ideals.

## History

The houses are scattered in an area bounded by Morton, West, Bank and Washington Streets. In 1961, New York Mayor Wagner planned to redevelop that area with high rise housing. West Village resident Jane Jacobs led an effort to stop that development in favor of the West Village Houses which were smaller-scale and preserved existing structures. Perkins and Will designed the buildings. The effort to build the houses was finally approved in 1969, higher costs required a second approval in 1972 and then construction began. Because of their long construction during a period of high inflation, when they were completed in 1975 common charges for prospective residents were high, they had difficulty finding residents and required further subsidy.

In 2002 the owner of the property, the Island Capital Group, indicated that it might like to buy out of the Mitchell-Lama Program and convert the units to market rate. In 2006 the Bloomberg administration worked out an arrangement to sell the units to the tenants via the Housing Development Fund Corporation which allowed tenants to buy their properties at below market rates, limit the amount of profit they could make on a resale, and enjoy a tax abatement for twelve years. As the date of the abatement expiration approached, developer Madison Equities offered to purchase the properties and redevelop them as high rises but the tenants chose convert the properties to market rate cooperatives and completed the transaction in June 2020. It was the first conversion of Michell-Lama properties to market rate in New York.

40°44′02.4″N 74°00′30.8″W / 40.734000°N 74.008556°W / 40.734000; -74.008556


title: Theodore J. Rivlin

abstract: Theodore Joseph Rivlin was an American mathematician, specializing in approximation theory. He is known for his 1969 book An Introduction to the Approximation of Functions, which became a standard text.

text:
# Theodore J. Rivlin

**Theodore Joseph Rivlin** (11 September 1926, Brooklyn – 22 July 2006, Croton-on-Hudson) was an American mathematician, specializing in approximation theory. He is known for his 1969 book *An Introduction to the Approximation of Functions* (Dover reprint, 1981), which became a standard text.

## Education and career

Rivlin received in 1948 his bachelor's degree from Brooklyn College. After serving in the United States Army Air Force for eighteen months, he became a graduate student in mathematics at Harvard University, where he received in 1953 his Ph.D. with thesis advisor Joseph L. Walsh and thesis *Overconvergent Taylor series and the zeroes of related polynomials*. Rivlin from 1952 to 1955 taught mathematics at Johns Hopkins University and from 1955 to 1956 was a research associate at the Institute for Mathematics Sciences at New York University (later renamed the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences). He was from 1956 to 1959 a senior mathematical analyst at the Fairchild Engine and Airplane Corporation in Deer Park on Long Island; there he began intensive study of approximation theory and Chebyshev polynomials in connection with his work on developing thermodynamic tables. From 1959 until his retirement nearly 35 years later, Rivlin was a research staff member at IBM's Thomas J. Watson Research Center in Yorktown Heights, New York. He was on sabbatical from 1969 to 1970 at Stanford University's Computer Science Department and from 1976 to 1977 at Imperial College London's Mathematics Department.

From 1966 to 1976 Rivlin was an adjunct professor of mathematics at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, where he lectured on approximation theory. For many years he was an associate editor for the *Journal of Approximation Theory* and wrote over 80 research articles on approximation theory and computational mathematics. *The Annals of Numerical Analysis* published in 1997 a special issue entitled *The Heritage of P.L. Chebyshev: A Festschrift in honor of the 70th birthday of T.J. Rivlin*.

## Selected publications

### Articles

* with Nesmith C. Ankeny: "On a theorem of S. Bernstein" (PDF). *Pacific Journal of Mathematics*. 5 Suppl. (6): 849–852. 1955.
* with Harold S. Shapiro: Rivlin, T. J.; Shapiro, H. S. (1961). "A unified approach to certain problems of approximation and minimization". *Journal of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics*. **9** (4): 670–699. doi:10.1137/0109056.
* with Richard Kelisky: Kelisky, Richard; Rivlin, Theodore (1967). "Iterates of Bernstein polynomials". *Pacific Journal of Mathematics*. **21** (3): 511–520. doi:10.2140/pjm.1967.21.511.
* with Charles A. Micchelli and Shmuel Winograd: Micchelli, C. A.; Rivlin, T. J.; Winograd, S. (1976). "The optimal recovery of smooth functions". *Numerische Mathematik*. **26** (1): 191–200. doi:10.1007/BF01395972. S2CID 121767854.
* with C. A. Micchelli: Micchelli, C. A.; Rivlin, T. J. (1977). "A survey of optimal recovery". In: *Optimal estimation in approximation theory*. The IBM Research Symposia Series. Springer. pp. 1–54. doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-2388-4\_1. ISBN 978-1-4684-2390-7.
* with C. A. Micchelli: Micchelli, C. A.; Rivlin, T. J. (1985). "Lectures on optimal recovery". In: *Numerical Analysis Lancaster 1984*. Lecture Notes in Mathematics, vol. 1129. Vol. 1129. Springer. pp. 21–93. doi:10.1007/BFb0075157. ISBN 978-3-540-15234-7.

### Books

* *An Introduction to the Approximation of Functions*. Waltham, Massachusetts: Blaisdell. 1969.; Rivlin, Theodore J. (January 2003). *2003 Dover republication of the 1981 Dover reprint*. Dover Publications. ISBN 9780486495545.
* *The Chebyshev Polynomials*. NY: Wiley. 1974; 186 pages`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
    + *Chebyshev Polynomials: From Approximation Theory to Algebra and Number Theory*. NY: Wiley. 1990; 249 pages, revised 2nd edition of *The Chebyshev Polynomials*; addition of about 80 exercises, a chapter introducing some elementary algebraic and number theoretic properties of the Chebyshev polynomials, and additional coverage of the polynomials' extremal and iterative properties`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: postscript (link)

1. Micchelli, Charles A.; Varga, Richard S. (2009). "In Memoriam: Theodore J. Rivlin (1926–2006)" (PDF). *Journal of Approximation Theory*. **161** (1): 1–8. doi:10.1016/j.jat.2006.12.012.
2. Stenger, Allen (21 January 2016). "Review of *Interpolation and Approximation* by Philip J. Davis". *MAA Reviews, Mathematical Association of America*; (mention of 4 books on approximation theory)`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
3. Theodore Joseph Rivlin at the Mathematics Genealogy Project
4. "In Memoriam Of ... (2006–2007)". *American Mathematical Society*.


title: Operation C.I.A.

abstract: Operation C.I.A. is a 1965 black-and-white spy film directed by Christian Nyby and starring Burt Reynolds and John Hoyt.

text:
# Operation C.I.A.

***Operation C.I.A.*** is a 1965 black-and-white spy film directed by Christian Nyby and starring Burt Reynolds and John Hoyt.

## Plot

When CIA Agent Stacey learns of a plan to assassinate the American ambassador to Vietnam, but is killed by a bomb before he can inform the C.I.A. of the details. Secret Agent Mark Andrews is sent to Saigon to take his place as a university professor as a cover while he attempts to prevent the assassination of the American ambassador that is expected to occur sometime within the next five days.

## Cast

* Burt Reynolds as CIA Agent Mark Andrews
* John Hoyt as Wells
* Kieu Chinh as Kim-Chinh
* Danielle Aubry as Denise
* Cyril Collick as Withers
* William Catching as Frank Decker
* Vic Diaz as Professor Yen
* Marsh Thomson as CIA Agent Stacey

## Production

The film was originally titled *Last Message from Saigon* with an announcement made in 1964 it would be filmed in Saigon, Hong Kong and Bangkok. Allied Artists filmed *A Yank in Viet-Nam* on actual South Vietnamese locations, but the security situation had deteriorated to such an extent that the safety of the filmmakers could not be guaranteed.

Filming began in Bangkok in January 1965.

Said Reynolds:

> I got to fight a boa constrictor and he gave the best performance in the movie.

Producer Peer Oppenheimer later signed Reynolds to appear with Diane Cilento in *Deadly Contest*, to be filmed in Germany, but the project did not happen.

*Operation C.I.A.* was referenced in the *Archer* episode "The Man from Jupiter", in which Reynolds makes a guest appearance as himself. Sterling Archer claims the film inspired him to become a secret agent, to which Reynolds replies "that film was just god-awful."

## InfoBox

| Operation C.I.A. | |
| --- | --- |
| Original film poster | |
| Directed by | Christian Nyby |
| Written by | Bill S. Ballinger
Peer J. Oppenheimer |
| Produced by | Peer J. Oppenheimer |
| Starring | Burt Reynolds
Danielle Aubry
John Hoyt
Kieu Chinh
Vic Diaz
Marsh Thomson |
| Cinematography | Richard Moore |
| Edited by | Joseph Gluck
George Watters |
| Music by | Paul Dunlap |
| Production
company | HeiRaMatt |
| Distributed by | Allied Artists |
| Release date | * September 8, 1965 (1965-09-08) |
| Running time | 90 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Languages | English
Vietnamese |
| Budget | $70,000 |


# List of National Council of Provinces members of the 28th Parliament of South Africa

This is a list of permanent delegates to the National Council of Provinces of the 28th Parliament of South Africa.

## Members of the NCOP

The following members were sworn in on 15 June 2024.

| Member | | Party | Province |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Jeanne Adriaanse | DA | North West |
|  | Laetitia Arries | EFF | North West |
|  | Rikus Badenhorst | DA | Western Cape |
|  | Mathilda Bains | ANC | Western Cape |
|  | Mzamo Billy | DA | KwaZulu-Natal |
|  | Sonja Boshoff | DA | Mpumalanga |
|  | Tammy Breedt | FF+ | Free State |
|  | Henni Britz | DA | Eastern Cape |
|  | Khanya Ceza | EFF | Mpumalanga |
|  | Naledi Chirwa | EFF | Gauteng |
|  | Mapule Dhlamini | ANC | Free State |
|  | Nicola du Plessis | DA | Gauteng |
|  | Bino Farmer | PA | Western Cape |
|  | Makhi Feni | ANC | Eastern Cape |
|  | Desery Fienies | ANC | Northern Cape |
|  | Virgill Gericke | EFF | Western Cape |
|  | Nicholas Gotsell | DA | Western Cape |
|  | Poobalan Govender | IFP | KwaZulu-Natal |
|  | Mxolisi Kaunda | ANC | KwaZulu-Natal |
|  | Meisie Kennedy | EFF | Limpopo |
|  | Tidimalo Legwase | ANC | North West |
|  | Baakisang Solomon Mabebo | ANC | North West |
|  | Patrick Mabilo | ANC | Northern Cape |
|  | Sibongiseni Majola | MK | KwaZulu-Natal |
|  | Mandisa Makesini | EFF | Free State |
|  | Jane Mananiso | ANC | Gauteng |
|  | Nolubabalo Mciinga | EFF | Eastern Cape |
|  | Kim Medupe | ANC | North West |
|  | Kenny Mmoiemang | ANC | Northern Cape |
|  | Mpho Modise | ANC | Gauteng |
|  | Ofentse Mokae | DA | Northern Cape |
|  | Seeng Mokoena | MK | KwaZulu-Natal |
|  | Frans Mokwele | ANC | Limpopo |
|  | Regina Molokomme | ANC | Limpopo |
|  | Refilwe Mtsweni-Tsipane | ANC | Mpumalanga |
|  | Sanny Ndhlovu | ANC | Limpopo |
|  | Mary Ndangisa | ANC | Eastern Cape |
|  | Zanathembu Ngcobo | MK | KwaZulu-Natal |
|  | Pitso Noe | ANC | Free State |
|  | Mwelo Nonkonyane | ANC | Eastern Cape |
|  | Sylvia Nxumalo | ANC | Mpumalanga |
|  | Edward Nzimande | MK | Gauteng |
|  | Mandla Peter | UDM | Eastern Cape |
|  | Phiroene Phala | ANC | Limpopo |
|  | Nico Pienaar | DA | Limpopo |
|  | Bheki Radebe | ANC | Free State |
|  | Dennis Ryder | DA | Gauteng |
|  | Igor Scheurkogel | DA | Free State |
|  | Pat Sibande | ANC | Mpumalanga |
|  | Sylvia Sithole | ANC | North West |
|  | Mathapelo Siwisa | EFF | Northern Cape |
|  | Paul Swart | DA | Western Cape |
|  | Hendrik van den Berg | FF+ | Northern Cape |
|  | Sifiso Zulu | MK | Mpumalanga |


title: New Mexico State Road 146

abstract: State Road 146 (NM 146) is a 19.157-mile-long (30.830 km), paved, two-lane state highway in Grant County in the U.S. state of New Mexico. NM 146's southern terminus is in Hachita at the road's junction with NM 9. The road's northern terminus is in between Wilna and Separ at the road's junction with Interstate 10 (I-10) and U.S. Route 70 (US 70).

text:
# New Mexico State Road 146

**State Road 146** (**NM 146**) is a 19.157-mile-long (30.830 km), paved, two-lane state highway in Grant County in the U.S. state of New Mexico. NM 146's southern terminus is in Hachita at the road's junction with NM 9. The road's northern terminus is in between Wilna and Separ at the road's junction with Interstate 10 (I-10) and U.S. Route 70 (US 70).

## Route description

NM 146 begins at the junction with NM 9 in the village of Hachita. The road heads mostly north through the arid sparsely populated desert plains occupied by ranchos. The highway crosses the Great Continental Divide after approximately 6.2 miles (10.0 km). Continuing north NM 146 arrives at I-10, crosses it over a 235.9-foot-long (71.9 m) bridge, built in 1958 before reaching its northern terminus at intersection with the westbound ramps on the north side of I-10 and US 70.

## History

A road connecting Hachita to the old US 80 east of Separ first appears on the 1935 map as Route 81. In 1939-1940 the road was extended south all the way to Antelope Wells. The segment corresponding to the current NM 146 was paved some time in mid-1950s, while the southern stretch south of Hachita remained "graded". In 1988 the New Mexico Department of Transportation (NMDOT) went through a radical road renumbering program, and the stretch from Hachita to I-10 became known as NM 146, whereas the southern section remained NM 81.

## Major intersections

The entire route is in Grant County.

| Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Hachita | 0.000 | 0.000 | NM 9 Animas, Columbus | Southern terminus |
| Wilna | 19.157 | 30.830 | I-10 / US 70 Lordsburg, Deming | Northern terminus, I-10 exit 49 |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi<br> | | | | | |

NM 146 was mentioned in *Better Call Saul*.

Template:Attached KML/New Mexico State Road 146KML is not from Wikidata

## InfoBox

| State Road 146 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Route information | |
| Maintained by NMDOT | |
| Length | 19.157 mi (30.830 km) |
| Existed | 1935–present |
| Major junctions | |
| South end | NM 9 in Hachita |
| North end | I-10 / US 70 near Wilna |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| State | New Mexico |
| Counties | Grant |
|  | |
| Highway system | |
| * **New Mexico State Highway System** | |
| NM 145   NM 147 | |


title: Oi Rio Pro 2018

abstract: The Oi Rio Pro 2018 was an event of the 2018 World Surf League. It was held from May 11-20, 2018 in Saquarema, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and included 36 surfers.

text:
# Oi Rio Pro 2018

The **Oi Rio Pro 2018** was an event of the 2018 World Surf League. It was held from May 11-20, 2018 in Saquarema, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and included 36 surfers.

## Round 1

## Round 2

## Round 3

## Round 4

## Quarter finals

## Semi finals

## Final

## InfoBox

| Oi Rio Pro 2018 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | Saquarema, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil |
| Dates | 11–20 May 2018 |
| Competitors | 36 from 9 nations |
| Medalists | |
| Brazil  Australia | |
|


title: Stenoma ortholampra

abstract: Stenoma ortholampra is a moth in the family Depressariidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1930. It is found in Brazil.

text:
# Stenoma ortholampra

***Stenoma ortholampra*** is a moth in the family Depressariidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1930. It is found in Brazil.

## InfoBox

| *Stenoma ortholampra* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Depressariidae |
| Genus: | *Stenoma* |
| Species: | ***S. ortholampra*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Stenoma ortholampra***<br>Meyrick, 1930 | |
|


title: 1955 Soviet Class B

abstract: Following are the results of the 1955 Soviet First League football championship. FC Burevestnik Kishinev and FC ODO Sverdlovsk winning the championship.

text:
# 1955 Soviet Class B

Following are the results of the **1955 Soviet First League** football championship. FC Burevestnik Kishinev and FC ODO Sverdlovsk winning the championship.

## Teams

### Relegated teams

Two teams were relegated from the 1954 Soviet Class A (top tier).

### Replaced and renamed teams

* Metallurg Odessa was replaced with Pischevik Odessa, while Metallurg restarted at republican level.
* Stupino → Krylia Sovetov Stupino
* Shakhter Mosbass → Shakhter Stalinogorsk
* Lokomotiv Alma-Ata → Urozhai Alma-Ata

## Final standings

### Zone I

| Pos | Rep | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Promotion |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | MDA | Burevestnik Kishinev | 30 | 20 | 6 | 4 | 86 | 46 | +40 | 46 | Promoted |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2 | RUS | Spartak Kalinin | 30 | 16 | 5 | 9 | 48 | 31 | +17 | 37 |  |
| 3 | UKR | ODO Kiev | 30 | 14 | 8 | 8 | 44 | 27 | +17 | | 36 |
| 4 | LTU | Spartak Vilnius | 30 | 13 | 10 | 7 | 40 | 29 | +11 | | 36 |
| 5 | RUS | Krasnoye Znamya Ivanovo | 30 | 13 | 10 | 7 | 43 | 33 | +10 | | 36 |
| 6 | RUS | Krylya Sovetov Stupino | 30 | 13 | 6 | 11 | 48 | 35 | +13 | | 32 |
| 7 | UKR | ODO Lvov | 30 | 13 | 6 | 11 | 47 | 40 | +7 | | 32 |
| 8 | UKR | Metallurg Zaporozhye | 30 | 13 | 6 | 11 | 37 | 33 | +4 | | 32 |
| 9 | UKR | Lokomotiv Kharkov | 30 | 12 | 6 | 12 | 48 | 34 | +14 | | 30 |
| 10 | UKR | Metallurg Dnepropetrovsk | 30 | 14 | 2 | 14 | 53 | 47 | +6 | | 30 |
| 11 | RUS | Shakhtyor Stalinogorsk | 30 | 10 | 9 | 11 | 34 | 38 | 4 | | 29 |
| 12 | UKR | Pishchevik Odessa | 30 | 11 | 5 | 14 | 39 | 47 | 8 | | 27 |
| 13 | UKR | Spartak Uzhgorod | 30 | 8 | 9 | 13 | 33 | 40 | 7 | | 25 |
| 14 | LVA | Daugava Riga | 30 | 6 | 10 | 14 | 29 | 57 | 28 | | 22 |
| 15 | UKR | DOF Sevastopol | 30 | 7 | 6 | 17 | 25 | 61 | 36 | | 20 |
| 16 | EST | Dinamo Tallinn | 30 | 2 | 6 | 22 | 22 | 78 | 56 | | 10 |

Source: rsssf.com
Notes:

### Number of teams by republics

| Number | Union republics | Team(s) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 8 | Ukrainian SSR | ODO Kiev, ODO Lvov, FC Metallurg Zaporozhye, FC Lokomotiv Kharkov, FC Metallurg Dnepropetrovsk, FC Pischevik Odessa, FC Spartak Uzhgorod, DOF Sevastopol |
| 4 | Russian SFSR | FC Spartak Kalinin, FC Krasnoye Znamya Ivanovo, FC Krylya Sovetov Stupino, FC Shakhter Stalinogorsk |
| 1 | Moldavian SSR | FC Burevestnik Kishinev |
| 1 | Lithuanian SSR | FC Spartak Vilnius |
| 1 | Latvian SSR | FC Daugava Riga |
| 1 | Estonian SSR | FC Dinamo Tallinn |

### Zone II

| Pos | Rep | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Promotion |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | RUS | ODO Sverdlovsk | 30 | 20 | 5 | 5 | 56 | 23 | +33 | 45 | Promoted |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2 | ARM | Spartak Yerevan | 30 | 18 | 6 | 6 | 44 | 17 | +27 | 42 |  |
| 3 | GEO | ODO Tbilisi | 30 | 18 | 5 | 7 | 61 | 32 | +29 | | 41 |
| 4 | RUS | Torpedo Gorkiy | 30 | 17 | 6 | 7 | 53 | 28 | +25 | | 40 |
| 5 | RUS | Neftyanik Krasnodar | 30 | 17 | 4 | 9 | 60 | 39 | +21 | | 38 |
| 6 | AZE | Neftyanik Baku | 30 | 12 | 9 | 9 | 48 | 44 | +4 | | 33 |
| 7 | RUS | Krylya Sovetov Voronezh | 30 | 12 | 9 | 9 | 37 | 37 | 0 | | 33 |
| 8 | RUS | Zenit Kaliningrad (M.R.) | 30 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 24 | 29 | 5 | | 28 |
| 9 | RUS | Torpedo Rostov-na-Donu | 30 | 9 | 9 | 12 | 35 | 52 | 17 | | 27 |
| 10 | KAZ | Urozhai Alma-Ata | 30 | 7 | 12 | 11 | 24 | 32 | 8 | | 26 |
| 11 | RUS | Krylya Sovetov Molotov | 30 | 8 | 9 | 13 | 24 | 41 | 17 | | 25 |
| 12 | RUS | Avangard Sverdlovsk | 30 | 8 | 6 | 16 | 40 | 49 | 9 | | 22 |
| 13 | RUS | Avangard Chelyabinsk | 30 | 8 | 6 | 16 | 28 | 52 | 24 | | 22 |
| 14 | UZB | Spartak Tashkent | 30 | 6 | 9 | 15 | 26 | 44 | 18 | | 21 |
| 15 | RUS | Torpedo Stalingrad | 30 | 7 | 5 | 18 | 36 | 55 | 19 | | 19 |
| 16 | RUS | Energiya Saratov | 30 | 4 | 10 | 16 | 23 | 45 | 22 | | 18 |

Source: rsssf.com
Notes: 1. -
2. Urozhai Alma-Ata was called Lokomotiv.

### Number of teams by republics

| Number | Union republics | Team(s) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 11 | Russian SFSR | ODO Sverdlovsk, FC Torpedo Gorkiy, FC Neftianik Krasnodar, FC Krylia Sovetov Voronezh, FC Zenit Kaliningrad, FC Torpedo Rostov-na-Donu, FC Krylia Sovetov Molotov, FC Avangard Chelyabinsk, FC Avangard Sverdlovsk, FC Torpedo Stalingrad, FC Energia Saratov |
| 1 | Armenian SSR | FC Spartak Yerevan |
| 1 | Georgian SSR | ODO Tbilisi |
| 1 | Azerbaijan SSR | FC Neftianik Baku |
| 1 | Kazakh SSR | FC Urozhai Alma-Ata |
| 1 | Uzbek SSR | FC Spartak Tashkent |

## InfoBox

Soviet Class B
| Season | 1955 |
| --- | --- |
| 1954 1956 | |


title: Ultimatum: Ceasefire!

abstract: Ultimatum: Ceasefire! is a 1987 Filipino action film directed by Wilfredo Milan, Bert R. Mendoza and Jerry O. Tirazona. The film stars Ramon Revilla, Eddie Garcia, Marianne de la Riva, Aurora Sevilla, Conrad Poe, Nick Romano, Joonee Gamboa, Renato del Prado, Ernie Ortega, and Lala Montelibano. Produced by Urban Films, it was released on April 2, 1987. Critic Justino Dormiendo of the Manila Standard gave the film a negative review, disparaging it as "a gross distortion of political realities that have engulfed our nation [...] in the last 365 days."

text:
# Ultimatum: Ceasefire!

***Ultimatum: Ceasefire!*** is a 1987 Filipino action film directed by Wilfredo Milan, Bert R. Mendoza and Jerry O. Tirazona. The film stars Ramon Revilla, Eddie Garcia, Marianne de la Riva, Aurora Sevilla, Conrad Poe, Nick Romano, Joonee Gamboa, Renato del Prado, Ernie Ortega, and Lala Montelibano. Produced by Urban Films, it was released on April 2, 1987.

Critic Justino Dormiendo of the *Manila Standard* gave the film a negative review, disparaging it as "a gross distortion of political realities that have engulfed our nation \[...\] in the last 365 days."

## Cast

## Production

Shooting for *Ultimatum: Ceasefire!* began on February 12, 1987. A day later, lead actor Ramon Revilla broke his leg and had to recover for some time at his residence in Imus, Cavite. It was during this time that Revilla was convinced by his friends to run for senator in the 1987 Senate elections.

## Release

*Ultimatum: Ceasefire!* was released in theaters on April 2, 1987.

### Critical response

Justino Dormiendo, writing for the *Manila Standard*, gave the film a negative review. He largely criticized the film's misguided presentation of how the insurgency issue then afflicting Philippine society could develop and thus disparaged it as "a gross distortion of political realities that have engulfed our nation \[...\] in the last 365 days." Dormiendo also criticized Ramon Revilla's acting and the casting of Joonee Gamboa as the warlord.

## InfoBox

| Ultimatum: Ceasefire! | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by |  |
| Screenplay by |  |
| Story by | Tony S. Mortel |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Ricardo Herrera |
| Edited by | Ruben Natividad |
| Music by | Nonoy Tan |
| Production<br>company | Urban Films |
| Distributed by | Urban Films |
| Release date | * April 2, 1987 (1987-04-02) |
| Running time | 92 minutes |
| Country | Philippines |
| Language | Filipino |


title: Western von gestern

abstract: Western von gestern was a West German movie showcase series that aired on the ZDF network from May 1978 to July 1986.

text:
# Western von gestern

***Western von gestern*** (lit.: "Yesterday's Western") was a West German movie showcase series that aired on the ZDF network from May 1978 to July 1986.

## Concept

*Western von gestern* was the collective showcase title for a number of American black-and-white Western films and serials from the 1930s to the 1950s. The adaptation script was written by Joe Hembus and Eydo von Hadeln, and the music (which featured original soundtracks, rather than using the originals' musical scores) was composed by Fred Strittmatter and Quirin Amper Jr..

The featured list includes *Zorro's Black Whip* and several early films with John Wayne, Al St. John (in his popular role as "Fuzzy Jones"), Buster Crabbe and Roy Rogers (*Days of Jesse James*). However, to accommodate the German TV format, many of the films and serials were edited from their usual 60-minute down to 25-minute features or divided into episodes of similar length. A total of 155 episodes were aired.

One of the show's particularly striking features was the use of Justus D. Barnes' iconic shooting scene from the silent film western *The Great Train Robbery* \- with additionally inserted sound effects - for its intro and final credit sequences.

## InfoBox

| *Western von gestern* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Country of origin | West Germany |
| Original release | |
| Network | ZDF |
| Release | May 1978 (1978-05) <br>July 1986 (1986-07) |


title: Thionia

abstract: Thionia is a genus of planthoppers in the family Issidae. There are at least 60 described species in Thionia. However, several genera have been split off from Thionia reducing the number of species.

text:
# Thionia

***Thionia*** is a genus of planthoppers in the family Issidae. There are at least 60 described species in *Thionia*. However, several genera have been split off from *Thionia* reducing the number of species.

## Species

Data sources: i = ITIS, c = Catalogue of Life, g = GBIF, b = Bugguide.net

## Further reading

* Media related to Thionia at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| *Thionia* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Adult Thionia bullata* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hemiptera |
| Suborder: | Auchenorrhyncha |
| Infraorder: | Fulgoromorpha |
| Family: | Issidae |
| Subfamily: | Thioniinae |
| Tribe: | Thioniini |
| Subtribe: | Thioniina |
| Genus: | *Thionia*<br>Stal, 1859 |
|


title: Operation Byrd

abstract: Operation Byrd was a security operation conducted during the Vietnam War by the U.S. 2nd Battalion, 7th Cavalry Regiment and the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) 44th Regiment in Bình Thuận Province, South Vietnam from August 1966 to 1 December 1967.

text:
# Operation Byrd

**Operation Byrd** was a security operation conducted during the Vietnam War by the U.S. 2nd Battalion, 7th Cavalry Regiment and the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) 44th Regiment in Bình Thuận Province, South Vietnam from August 1966 to 1 December 1967.

## Background

The southern provinces of II Corps, namely Ninh Thuận, Bình Thuận, Tuyen Duc, and Lâm Đồng Provinces and Bình Tuy Province in northern III Corps formed the Viet Cong (VC) Military Region 6 controlled by General Nguyễn Minh Châu. Châu controlled 4 VC Battalions and approximately 6 district companies. The area had seen little combat due to its small population, low rainfall and limited rice production.

## Operation

On 25 August 1966 the 2nd Battalion, 7th Cavalry, equipped with 38 UH-1 helicopters, plus a battery each of 105-mm. and 155-mm. howitzers was deployed to Firebase Betty south of Phan Thiết the capital of Bình Thuận Province for a search and destroy operation that was expected to last 2 months. At the conclusion of this phase the VC had lost over 250 dead for minimal Allied losses.

Following the conclusion of that operation, I Field Force commander LTG William B. Rosson decided to keep Task Force Byrd in place to provide a mobile strike force to support ARVN forces in the area, particularly the 44th Regiment commanded by the Province chief Lt. Col. Nguyen Khac Tuan.

On the evening of 16 October units of the VC 482nd Battalion attacked the Thien Giao district headquarters 18km north of Phan Thiết, penetrating the perimeter and destroying three of four bunkers before being driven off by 1st Cavalry Division helicopter gunships.

The 2/7th Cavalry and ARVN units conducted combined operations throughout late 1966 and into 1967, gradually improving security in the province but seldom encountering large VC units. By late October 1967 the operation had accounted for over 850 VC killed and 300 weapons captured for losses of 23 killed and 278 wounded.

In late 1967 COMUSMACV General William Westmoreland sought to reopen and improve Highway 1 from Xuân Lộc to Phan Rang, restoring the overland link between III Corps and II Corps. Task Force Byrd was to provide security to military engineers as they repaired and improved Highway 1 across Bình Thuận Province. The engineers would also construct platoon-size bases along the highway to provide security for the highway itself and to support pacification efforts.

On 8 November 1967 the VC 840th Battalion and the 450th Local Force Company attacked the under construction Fort Mara (11°30′11″N 108°16′37″E / 11.503°N 108.277°E / 11.503; 108.277), 15km northeast of Phan Thiết which contained the headquarters and an infantry company from the ARVN 3rd Battalion, 44th Regiment. The unit's U.S. adviser called for support and the commander of Task Force Byrd, Lt. Col. Joseph T. Griffin Jr., sent a three UH–1 *Night Hunter* team, with the first helicopter carrying infantrymen equipped with Starlight scope rifles flying low to the ground, the second helicopter dropped flares from a higher altitude and the third helicopter was armed with aerial rockets to return any hostile fire. An AC-47 *Spooky* gunship also arrived to assist the defenders and together they succeeded in holding back the VC until dawn when a company from the 2/7th Cavalry arrived forcing the VC to withdraw. ARVN losses were 28 killed and 35 wounded, while VC losses were 42 killed.

On 22 November the VC launched a mortar attack on an ARVN outpost at Thien Giao. Griffin sent an infantry platoon to engage the VC. When the helicopters landed in a clearing near the outpost, they were met by small arms and machine gun fire from the VC 482nd Battalion which had planned to ambush such an air assault. Griffin sent the rest of the 2/7th Cavalry to relieve the stranded platoon and these helicopters were also met by intense fire around the landing zone with two forced to crash-land. After several hours the 482nd Battalion disengaged from combat. U.S. losses were 11 dead and 36 wounded, while VC losses were estimated as 21 killed.

## Aftermath

Operation Byrd was suspended on 1 December 1967 and the 2/7th Cavalry join the 1st Brigade, 101st Airborne Division, in Operation Klamath Falls along the border between Bình Thuận and Lâm Đồng Provinces. Operation Byrd was succeeded by Operation McLain conducted by the 3rd Battalion, 506th Infantry Regiment.

This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Army Center of Military History.

## InfoBox

| Operation Byrd | |
| --- | --- |
| Part of the Vietnam War | |
|
Operation Byrd area of operations, November 1967 | |
| Date 25 August 1966 – 1 December 1967  Location Bình Thuận Province, South Vietnam  Result  Allied operational success | |
| Belligerents | |
| United States
South Vietnam | Viet Cong |
| Commanders and leaders | |
| Lt. Col. Billy M. Vaughan
Lt. Col. Joseph T. Griffin Jr.
Lt. Col. Nguyen Khac Tuan | General Nguyễn Minh Châu |
| Units involved | |
| 2nd Battalion, 7th Cavalry Regiment
44th Regiment | 482nd Battalion
840th Battalion |
| Casualties and losses | |
| 11 killed
41 killed | US/ARVN body count: 913 killed
300 weapons recovered |


# List of Nigerien submissions for the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film

Niger submitted a film for the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film for the first time in 2018. The award is handed out annually by the United States Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences to a feature-length motion picture produced outside the United States that contains primarily non-English dialogue. It was not created until the 1956 Academy Awards, in which a competitive Academy Award of Merit, known as the Best Foreign Language Film Award, was created for non-English speaking films, and has been given annually since.

## Submissions

The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences has invited the film industries of various countries to submit their best film for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film since 1956. The Foreign Language Film Award Committee oversees the process and reviews all the submitted films. Following this, they vote via secret ballot to determine the five nominees for the award. Below is a list of the films that have been submitted by Niger for review by the Academy for the award by year and the respective Academy Awards ceremony.

| Year
(Ceremony) | Film title used in nomination | Original title | Language(s) | Director | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2018
(91st) | *The Wedding Ring* | *Zin'naariyâ!* | Zarma, Hausa, Fulani | Rahmatou Keïta | Not nominated |

1. "Academy announces rules for 92nd Oscars". *Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences*. Retrieved 12 July 2019.
2. "Academy Announces Rule Changes For 92nd Oscars". *Forbes*. Retrieved 12 July 2019.
3. "87 Countries In Competition for 2018 Foreign Language Film Oscar". *Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences*. Retrieved 8 October 2018.
4. Kilday, Gregg (8 October 2018). "Oscars: 87 Countries Submit Films in Foreign-Language Category". *The Hollywood Reporter*. Retrieved 8 October 2018.
5. "Rule Thirteen: Special Rules for the Foreign Language Film Award" (PDF). *Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences*. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 August 2014. Retrieved 19 September 2014.
6. "History of the Academy Awards - Page 2". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Archived from the original on 22 June 2008. Retrieved 21 August 2008.
7. "6 African films enter the Oscars race". *Film Contact*. 11 October 2018. Retrieved 13 October 2018.


abstract: The New Zealand International Comedy Festival is a comedy festival in both Auckland and Wellington, New Zealand, run by the New Zealand Comedy Trust and held across three weeks during April and May. From its beginnings in 1993 as a 2-day event, the festival has developed into a major nationwide event with a total attendance of over 100,000 people each year.

text:
# New Zealand International Comedy Festival

The **New Zealand International Comedy Festival** (**NZICF**; sometimes the **NZ Intl Comedy Fest**) is a comedy festival in both Auckland and Wellington, New Zealand, run by the New Zealand Comedy Trust and held across three weeks during April and May. From its beginnings in 1993 as a 2-day event, the festival has developed into a major nationwide event with a total attendance of over 100,000 people each year.

## Main events

Each year the Festival features over 200 shows and involves around 250 performers. The Festival contains a wide range of comedy performances – from emerging artists through to NZ comedy industry veterans and stars of the international comedy circuit.

Similarly, the Festival caters for a wide range of audiences with specific shows aimed at children and teenagers, and a diverse offering of comedy fare.

The opening of the Festival is the televised Comedy Gala, a showcase of performances by the top local and international comedians appearing in the festival. Past venues include St. James Theatre until 2008, and since then the Auckland Civic Theatre and ASB Theatre, Aotea Centre. Past hosts of the gala have included: Jeff Green, Ardal O'Hanlon, Arj Barker, Wayne Brady, Ed Byrne, Bill Bailey, Rove McManus, Greg Behrendt, Jeremy Corbett, Jason Byrne and Rhys Nicholson.

Alongside the large number of local and international shows, there are a number of events held annually such as the Class Comedians programme. This is an initiative set up to train talented high school students in the art of stand-up comedy and ends with a showcase at Q Theatre. Its most successful graduate is Rose Matafeo. The RAW rookie competition is also held every year, with the national finals at The Classic Comedy and Bar in Auckland.

### Last Laughs!

To conclude the festival is the Last Laughs! awards showcase, held on the last Sunday. It is the last chance for the nominees for the Billy T Award and Fred Award to perform before the winners are announced at the end of the show. Other festival prizes awarded at Last Laughs include: Best International Show, Best Local Show, Best Newcomer, Best Marketing Campaign, and Spirit of the Festival.

Last Laughs! presentations and winners
| Year | Host | Venue | Fred Award | Billy T Award | Auckland Newcomer | Wellington Newcomer | Director's Choice | Best Debut |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2023 | Chris Parker | SkyCity Theatre | Guy Montgomery | Abby Howells | Kura Turuwhenua | Orin Ruaine-Prattley | Liv Parker | Anthony Crum and Bailey Poching |
| 2021 | Michèle A’Court | | Eli Matthewson | Brynley Stent | Maria Williams | Tess Sullivan | Abby Howells, Jadwiga Green |  |
| 2019 |  | | James Nokise | Kura Forrester | Liv McKenzie | Maria Williams |  |  |

1. NZ International Comedy Festival - About Us
2. "Comedy.co.nz - The home of live NZ comedy. Comedians, News, Reviews , Video, Venues. The Classic Comedy Bar and Classic Studio". *www.comedy.co.nz*. Retrieved 2024-09-07.


title: 1967 NC State Wolfpack football team

abstract: The 1967 NC State Wolfpack football team represented North Carolina State University during the 1967 NCAA University Division football season. The Wolfpack were led by 14th-year head coach Earle Edwards and played their home games at Carter Stadium in Raleigh, North Carolina. They competed as members of the Atlantic Coast Conference, finishing in second. The Wolfpack began the year with 8 consecutive victories, including a win over the second-ranked Houston Cougars. The team climbed as high as No. 3 in the AP Poll, which is to date the highest ranking achieved in school history. A loss to Penn State derailed their perfect season, and a loss to Clemson the next week cost them the ACC title. NC State was ranked 17th in the final Coaches Poll of the season, conducted before bowl season. They were invited to the 1967 Liberty Bowl, where they defeated Georgia. Defensive lineman Dennis Byrd became NC State's first ever consensus first-team All-American, being selected by 6 of 7 official selectors.

text:
# 1967 NC State Wolfpack football team

1967 Atlantic Coast Conference football standings
|  | Conf | | | | |  |  | Overall | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Team | W |  | L |  | T |  |  | W |  | L |  | T |
| Clemson $ | 6 |  | 0 |  | 0 |  |  | 6 |  | 4 |  | 0 |
| NC State | 5 |  | 1 |  | 0 |  |  | 9 |  | 2 |  | 0 |
| South Carolina | 4 |  | 2 |  | 0 |  |  | 5 |  | 5 |  | 0 |
| Virginia | 3 |  | 3 |  | 0 |  |  | 5 |  | 5 |  | 0 |
| Wake Forest | 3 |  | 4 |  | 0 |  |  | 4 |  | 6 |  | 0 |
| Duke | 2 |  | 4 |  | 0 |  |  | 4 |  | 6 |  | 0 |
| North Carolina | 2 |  | 5 |  | 0 |  |  | 2 |  | 8 |  | 0 |
| Maryland | 0 |  | 6 |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  | 9 |  | 0 |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| * $  Conference champion | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

The **1967 NC State Wolfpack football team** represented North Carolina State University during the 1967 NCAA University Division football season. The Wolfpack were led by 14th-year head coach Earle Edwards and played their home games at Carter Stadium in Raleigh, North Carolina. They competed as members of the Atlantic Coast Conference, finishing in second.

The Wolfpack began the year with 8 consecutive victories, including a win over the second-ranked Houston Cougars. The team climbed as high as No. 3 in the AP Poll, which is to date the highest ranking achieved in school history. A loss to Penn State derailed their perfect season, and a loss to Clemson the next week cost them the ACC title. NC State was ranked 17th in the final Coaches Poll of the season, conducted before bowl season (the AP Poll ranked only 10 teams from 1962 to 1967). They were invited to the 1967 Liberty Bowl, where they defeated Georgia.

Defensive lineman Dennis Byrd became NC State's first ever consensus first-team All-American, being selected by 6 of 7 official selectors.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Rank | Site | Result | Attendance | Source |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| September 16 | North Carolina |  |  | W 13–7 | 42,300 |  |
| September 23 | Buffalo* |  | * Carter Stadium * Raleigh, NC | W 24–6 | 20,200 |  |
| September 30 | at Florida State* |  |  | W 20–10 | 34,573 |  |
| October 7 | at No. 2 Houston* |  |  | W 16–6 | 52,483 |  |
| October 14 | at Maryland | No. 9 |  | W 31–9 | 27,100 |  |
| October 21 | Wake Forest | No. 5 | * Carter Stadium * Raleigh, NC (rivalry) | W 24–7 | 30,300 |  |
| October 28 | Duke | No. 5 | * Carter Stadium * Raleigh, NC (rivalry) | W 28–7 | 44,000 |  |
| November 4 | at Virginia | No. 4 |  | W 30–8 | 16,000 |  |
| November 11 | at Penn State* | No. 3 |  | L 8–13 | 46,497 |  |
| November 18 | at Clemson | No. 10 |  | L 6–14 | 47,074 |  |
| December 16 | Georgia* |  |  | W 14–7 | 35,045 |  |
| * \*Non-conference game * Rankings from AP Poll released prior to the game | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| 1967 NC State Wolfpack football | |
| --- | --- |
| Liberty Bowl champion | |
| Liberty Bowl, W 14–7 vs. Georgia | |
| Conference | Atlantic Coast Conference |
| Ranking | |
| Coaches | No. 17 |
| Record | 9–2 (5–1 ACC) |
| Head coach |  |
| Home stadium | Carter Stadium |
|


title: Old Thompson

abstract: Old Thompson is a brand of blended American whiskey produced by Barton Brands, which has been owned by the Sazerac Company since 2009. It is known for its low price among brands of American whiskey. The company refers to it as "an excellent value". The brand dates back to 1904, when it was introduced by the Glenmore Distillery Company, which at the time was owned by the brothers James Thompson and Francis P. Thompson. Today it is a blended whiskey bottled at 40% alcohol by volume, and formulated from a mixture of 80% neutral grain spirits, and 20% straight whiskeys.

text:
# Old Thompson

**Old Thompson** is a brand of blended American whiskey produced by Barton Brands, which has been owned by the Sazerac Company since 2009. It is known for its low price among brands of American whiskey. The company refers to it as "an excellent value". The brand dates back to 1904, when it was introduced by the Glenmore Distillery Company, which at the time was owned by the brothers James Thompson and Francis P. Thompson.

Today it is a blended whiskey bottled at 40% alcohol by volume (80 U.S. proof), and formulated from a mixture of 80% neutral grain spirits, and 20% straight whiskeys.

## Assessment

There is no aging requirement under the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations for American whiskey for the neutral grain spirits in an American blended whiskey, although there is a two-year minimum aging requirement for straight whiskey (and for the straight whiskey used in the mixture from which a blended whiskey is formulated) and there is a requirement for an age statement on the label of a blended whiskey containing neutral spirits in cases where the straight whiskey used in the blend is less than 4 years old. A labeling age statement on American blended whiskey that contains neutral spirits (per Title 27, Part 5, Subpart C, Section 5.40) ordinarily refers only to the age of the 20% content of the product that is the straight whiskey used within the blend, and the neutral grain spirits used in the blend may not have been aged. The company web site for *Old Thompson* refers to it as "4 Year Old Blended American Whiskey", and the picture of the label itself on the web site does not show an age statement, so *Old Thompson* is formulated from 20% 4 year old straight whiskey and 80% (un-aged) neutral spirits.

When comparing an American whiskey such as *Old Thompson* to whiskeys produced in other countries, it is important to keep in mind that the regulations governing American whiskey production differ from those in other countries. In some regards, the U.S. regulations are relatively strict. For example, there is no minimum percentage requirement for using some amount of higher quality (straight) whiskey in Canadian, Scotch, or Irish blended whiskey production, and as a result, such non-American whiskeys may often be made using a substantially higher percentage of neutral or near-neutral spirits. The one substantial way in which such other countries are more strict than the U.S. is in the aging requirement, which is set at a minimum of 3 years in Canada, Scotland, and Ireland. Under U.S. law, there is no requirement for aging of neutral grain spirits when these are used in a blended whiskey.


title: Stephen Alexis

abstract: Stephen Mesmin Alexis (1889–1962) was a Haitian novelist and diplomat. Born in Gonaïves, Alexis served as Haiti's ambassador to the United Kingdom and represented Haiti at the United Nations. He is best known for his novel Le Négre Masqué (1933). He is also credited with writing the most complete account of Toussaint Louverture's life. The Black Liberator: The Life of Toussaint Louverture, was translated from French by William Sterling and published in England in 1949. The French version of the book was never published; it apparently disappeared while on its way to the publisher. Alexis managed to rewrite the manuscript while in exile; however, it was also stolen just before he died in exile on August 15, 1962, in Caracas. His son, Jacques Stephen Alexis, also became a noted novelist. His grandson Jean-Jacques Stephen Alexis also a poet and Visual artist http://www.interfineart.com, lives in Miami, where he oversees the Fondation Jacques Stephen Alexis.

text:
# Stephen Alexis

**Stephen Mesmin Alexis** (1889–1962) was a Haitian novelist and diplomat. Born in Gonaïves, Alexis served as Haiti's ambassador to the United Kingdom and represented Haiti at the United Nations.

He is best known for his novel *Le Négre Masqué* (1933). He is also credited with writing the most complete account of Toussaint Louverture's life. *The Black Liberator: The Life of Toussaint Louverture*, was translated from French by William Sterling and published in England in 1949. The French version of the book was never published; it apparently disappeared while on its way to the publisher. Alexis managed to rewrite the manuscript while in exile; however, it was also stolen just before he died in exile on August 15, 1962, in Caracas.

His son, Jacques Stephen Alexis, also became a noted novelist. His grandson Jean-Jacques Stephen Alexis ( JanJak II ) also a poet and Visual artist http://www.interfineart.com, lives in Miami, where he oversees the Fondation Jacques Stephen Alexis.

* Schutt-Ainé, Patricia; Staff of Librairie Au Service de la Culture (1994). *Haiti: A Basic Reference Book*. Miami, Florida: Librairie Au Service de la Culture. pp. 99–100. ISBN 0-9638599-0-0.