title: Three Elephant Power and Other Stories

abstract: Three Elephant Power and Other Stories (1917) is a collection of short stories by the Australian writer Banjo Paterson.

text:
# Three Elephant Power and Other Stories

**Three Elephant Power and Other Stories** (1917) is a collection of short stories by the Australian writer Banjo Paterson.

## Contents

The collection contains 19 stories, of varying lengths, from a number of original sources.

* "Three Elephant Power : A Motor Story"
* "The Oracle in the Private Bar"
* "The Cast-Iron Canvasser"
* "The Trouble with Merinos"
* "The Bullock"
* "White-When-He's-Wanted"
* "The Downfall of Mulligan's"
* "The Amateur Gardener"
* "Dan Fitzgerald Explains"
* "The Cat"
* "Sitting in Judgement : A Show Ring Sketch"
* "The Dog"
* "The Dog - As a Sportsman"
* "Concerning a Steeplechase Rider"
* "Victor Second"
* "Concerning a Dog Fight"
* "His Masterpiece"
* "Done for the Double"
* "Thirsty Island"

## Critical reception

In *The Richmond River Herald and Northern Districts Advertiser* a writer noted: "This collection of stories is racy of the soil, and full of the inimitable 'Banjo's peculiar and effective humor."

A reviewer in the *Goulburn Evening Penny Post* wrote: "In this collection Paterson has given Australia something superior to anything previously published by him. There isn't a dull yarn from cover to cover, and discernment of character and correctness of detail are shown on practically every page. Paterson instinctively sees the underlying humour of common happenings, and brings it to the surface with the skill of one who understands and can discriminate."

*The Oxford Companion to Australian Literature* states that the stories "reveal Paterson's capacity for capturing an authentic Australian tone."

## InfoBox

Three Elephant Power and Other Stories
| Author | Banjo Paterson |
| --- | --- |
| Language | English |
| Genre | Short story collection |
| Publisher | Angus & Robertson |
| Publication date | 1917 |
| Publication place | Australia |
| Media type | Print |
| Pages | 138 pp. |
| Preceded by | *Rio Grande's Last Race and Other Verses* |
| Followed by | *Saltbush Bill, J.P., and Other Verses* |


title: Triteleia dudleyi

abstract: Triteleia dudleyi is a species of flowering plant known by the common name Dudley's triteleia. It is endemic to California, where it is known from sections of the High Sierra Nevada and the Transverse Ranges. It is a plant of subalpine climates, growing in mountain forests. It is a perennial herb growing from a corm. It produces two or three basal leaves up to 30 centimeters long by one wide. The inflorescence arises on an erect stem up to 30 or 35 centimeters tall and bears an umbel-like cluster of many flowers. Each flower is a funnel-shaped yellow bloom that dries purple. The flower has six lobes measuring up to 1.2 centimeters long. There are six stamens with lavender anthers.

text:
# Triteleia dudleyi

***Triteleia dudleyi*** is a species of flowering plant known by the common name **Dudley's triteleia**. It is endemic to California, where it is known from sections of the High Sierra Nevada and the Transverse Ranges. It is a plant of subalpine climates, growing in mountain forests. It is a perennial herb growing from a corm. It produces two or three basal leaves up to 30 centimeters long by one wide. The inflorescence arises on an erect stem up to 30 or 35 centimeters tall and bears an umbel-like cluster of many flowers. Each flower is a funnel-shaped yellow bloom that dries purple. The flower has six lobes measuring up to 1.2 centimeters long. There are six stamens with lavender anthers.

## InfoBox

| *Triteleia dudleyi* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Asparagaceae |
| Subfamily: | Brodiaeoideae |
| Genus: | *Triteleia* |
| Species: | ***T. dudleyi*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Triteleia dudleyi***<br>Hoover | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Brodiaea dudleyi* | |


title: Ozarba cryptochrysea

abstract: Ozarba cryptochrysea is a moth of the family Noctuidae first described by George Hampson in 1902. It is found in Madagascar, Mozambique and South Africa. It has an expansion of 22 mm (0.87 in).

text:
# Ozarba cryptochrysea

***Ozarba cryptochrysea*** is a moth of the family Noctuidae first described by George Hampson in 1902. It is found in Madagascar, Mozambique and South Africa.

It has an expansion of 22 mm (0.87 in).

## InfoBox

| *Ozarba cryptochrysea* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Noctuidae |
| Genus: | *Ozarba* |
| Species: | ***O. cryptochrysea*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Ozarba cryptochrysea***<br>(Hampson, 1902) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Metachrostis cryptochrysea* Hampson, 1902 * *Tarache centralis* Pagenstecher, 1907 | |


title: The Ceylon Observer

abstract: The Ceylon Observer was an English-language daily newspaper in Sri Lanka published by Associated Newspapers of Ceylon Limited (ANCL). It was founded in 1834 as The Observer and Commercial Advertiser and was published from Colombo. It ceased publication in 1982.

text:
# The Ceylon Observer

***The Ceylon Observer*** was an English-language daily newspaper in Sri Lanka published by Associated Newspapers of Ceylon Limited (ANCL). It was founded in 1834 as ***The Observer and Commercial Advertiser*** and was published from Colombo. It ceased publication in 1982.

## History

*The Observer and Commercial Advertiser* was started on 4 February 1834 by Colombo based British merchants. It was under the control of E. J. Darley who was also its first editor. The merchants then appointed George Winter editor. The paper was published on Mondays and Thursdays but later became an afternoon daily. In its first year the paper's editor and publishers were tried for libel after the paper printed a letter criticising the superintendent of police but were acquitted.

Christopher Elliott, colonial surgeon for Badulla, became editor of the paper in 1835 and later its owner. Elliott changed the name of the paper to *The Colombo Observer*. The paper was critical of Governor Wilmot-Horton's administration which resulted in a pro-government paper, *The Ceylon Chronicle*, being established by a group of civil servants in 1837. *The Colombo Observer* supported Governor Stewart-Mackenzie's administration but opposed the Campbell and Torrington administrations. A monthly (later fortnightly, then weekly) sister newspaper, *The Overland Observer*, commenced in 1840.

Alastair Mackenzie Ferguson joined the staff of *The Colombo Observer* in 1846 and bought the paper in 1859 after Elliott became the Principal Officer of the newly created Civil Medical Department. Ferguson's nephew John Ferguson joined the paper in 1861. The paper changed its name to *The Ceylon Observer* in 1867. John Ferguson became joint-editor in 1870 and a partner in 1875. Following A. M. Ferguson's death in 1892 John Ferguson became editor of the paper. John Ferguson was succeeded as editor by his son Ronald Haddon Ferguson.

The paper was bought by a company owned by the European Association of Ceylon in 1920. D. R. Wijewardena bought the paper in 1923, adding it to his growing media empire (later known as Associated Newspapers of Ceylon Limited). A Sunday edition of the paper, the *Sunday Observer*, commenced on 4 February 1928.

In the early twentieth century The Ceylon Observer and its sister newspaper Ceylon Daily News actively campaigned for constitutional change in Ceylon. ANCL and its rival Times of Ceylon Limited (TOCL) dominated the newspaper industry when Ceylon obtained independence from Britain in 1948. The ANCL newspapers were seen as pro-United National Party. In July 1973 the Sri Lanka Freedom Party (SLFP) led United Front government nationalised ANCL. The legislation which nationalised the ANCL, the *Associated Newspapers of Ceylon Limited (Special Provisions) Law No. 28 of 1973*, required broad basing of its publications but successive governments have failed to carry this out and ANCL is today still the largest newspaper company in Sri Lanka. Its various publications are slavishly pro-government irrespective of which party is in power.

*The Ceylon Observer* ceased publishing in February 1982. The *Sunday Observer*, which is still in circulation, is sometimes referred to being the same newspaper as *The Ceylon Observer*.

## InfoBox

The Ceylon Observer
| Fiat justitia | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Front page of *The Observer and Commercial Advertiser* first issue, 4 February 1834 | |
| Type | Daily newspaper |
| Owner(s) | Associated Newspapers of Ceylon Limited |
| Founded | 4 February 1834 (1834-02-04) |
| Language | English |
| Ceased publication | February 1982 |
| City | Colombo |
| Country | Sri Lanka |
| Sister newspapers |  |
| OCLC number | 1781404 |
|  | |


title: United Givers Fund

abstract: United Givers Fund is the name used by several current or historical joint charitable appeals in the United States. Many of these appeals later adopted the United Way name, sometimes in conjunction with a merger with another charitable appeal. Fundraising groups currently operating in the United States under the United Givers Fund name include Cochran-Bleckley United Givers Fund Inc. of Cochran, Georgia and United Givers Fund of Marshall County Inc. of Lewisburg, Tennessee.

text:
# United Givers Fund

**United Givers Fund** is the name used by several current or historical joint charitable appeals in the United States. Many of these appeals later adopted the United Way name, sometimes in conjunction with a merger with another charitable appeal.

Fundraising groups currently operating in the United States (primarily in the southeastern United States) under the United Givers Fund name include Cochran-Bleckley United Givers Fund Inc. of Cochran, Georgia and United Givers Fund of Marshall County Inc. of Lewisburg, Tennessee.

1. TaxExemptWorld.com - Cochran-Bleckley United Givers Fund Inc.
2. TaxExemptWorld.com - United Givers Fund of Marshall County Inc.


abstract: United Nations Security Council resolution 1298, adopted unanimously on 17 May 2000, after reaffirming resolutions 1177 (1998), 1226 (1999), 1227 (1999) and 1297 (2000) on the situation between Eritrea and Ethiopia, the Council condemned continuing hostilities and imposed an arms embargo on both countries. The security council recalled a request upon member states to end arms sales to Ethiopia and Eritrea in Resolution 1227. It deplored the ongoing fighting between the two countries and expressed regret that all resources in those countries was diverted towards the conflict which had a negative effect on efforts to address the ongoing food crisis. There was need for a peaceful solution and initial discussions under the auspicies of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) had just ended. At the same time the council determined the situation to be a threat to peace and security in the region. Acting under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, the fighting between Ethiopia and Eritrea was strongly condemned and the security council demanded that both parties retreated and resumed talks as soon as possible. All countries were prevented from selling arms, ammunition and all related technical assistance or training to Eritrea and Ethiopia. Only non-lethal military equipment for humanitarian use was excluded from the arms embargo. A committee of the security council was established to monitor compliance with the embargo, enhance its effectiveness, investigate violations and determine cases to be excluded from its provisions. All countries had to report within 30 days regarding what steps they had taken to implement the measures, which would apply for a period of 12 months. Finally, the Secretary-General Kofi Annan was requested to report within 15 days and every 60 days thereafter on the implementation of the current resolution. The Council declared that the embargo would be terminated if a peaceful settlement of the conflict had been concluded. The effectiveness of the arms embargo was questioned by diplomats who recalled that both countries had enough stockpiles of weapons and ammunition to last the year.

text:
# United Nations Security Council Resolution 1298

**United Nations Security Council resolution 1298**, adopted unanimously on 17 May 2000, after reaffirming resolutions 1177 (1998), 1226 (1999), 1227 (1999) and 1297 (2000) on the situation between Eritrea and Ethiopia, the Council condemned continuing hostilities and imposed an arms embargo on both countries.

The security council recalled a request upon member states to end arms sales to Ethiopia and Eritrea in Resolution 1227. It deplored the ongoing fighting between the two countries and expressed regret that all resources in those countries was diverted towards the conflict which had a negative effect on efforts to address the ongoing food crisis. There was need for a peaceful solution and initial discussions under the auspicies of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) had just ended. At the same time the council determined the situation to be a threat to peace and security in the region.

Acting under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, the fighting between Ethiopia and Eritrea was strongly condemned and the security council demanded that both parties retreated and resumed talks as soon as possible. All countries were prevented from selling arms, ammunition and all related technical assistance or training to Eritrea and Ethiopia. Only non-lethal military equipment for humanitarian use was excluded from the arms embargo. A committee of the security council was established to monitor compliance with the embargo, enhance its effectiveness, investigate violations and determine cases to be excluded from its provisions. All countries had to report within 30 days regarding what steps they had taken to implement the measures, which would apply for a period of 12 months.

Finally, the Secretary-General Kofi Annan was requested to report within 15 days and every 60 days thereafter on the implementation of the current resolution. The Council declared that the embargo would be terminated if a peaceful settlement of the conflict had been concluded.

The effectiveness of the arms embargo was questioned by diplomats who recalled that both countries had enough stockpiles of weapons and ammunition to last the year.

## InfoBox

| UN Security Council<br>Resolution 1298 | |
| --- | --- |
| Ethiopian soldiers | |
| Date | 17 May 2000 |
| Meeting no. | 4,144 |
| Code | S/RES/1298 (Document) |
| Subject | **The situation between Eritrea and Ethiopia** |
| Voting summary | * **15 voted for** * **None voted against** * **None abstained** |
| Result | Adopted |
| Security Council composition | |
| Permanent members |  |
| Non-permanent members |  |
|  | |


title: United States Korfball Federation

abstract: United States Korfball Federation, also simply known as the USKF, is the governing body for the sport of korfball in the USA. Formed in 1978, it is the association of korfball responsible for overseeing all aspects of the sport in the USA. Korfball in the USA has had media coverage in the past and was previously an Olympic sport.

text:
# United States Korfball Federation

**United States Korfball Federation**, also simply known as the USKF, is the governing body for the sport of korfball in the USA. Formed in 1978, it is the association of korfball responsible for overseeing all aspects of the sport in the USA.

Korfball in the USA has had media coverage in the past and was previously an Olympic sport.

## InfoBox

United States Korfball Federation
| Sport | Korfball |
| --- | --- |
| Abbreviation | USKF |
| Founded | 1978 (1978) |
| Affiliation | International Korfball Federation |
| Affiliation date | 1978 |
| President | Judith Dea |
| Secretary | Carl Yerger |
| Coach | Dankmar Caderius van Veen |
| Official website | |
| www.uskorfball.org | |
|  | |


abstract: United Nations Security Council resolution 1087, adopted unanimously on 11 December 1996, after reaffirming Resolution 696 (1991) and all subsequent resolutions on Angola, extended the mandate of the United Nations Angola Verification Mission III until 28 February 1997. The importance of full implementation of the peace agreements, including the Lusaka Protocol, for Angola was emphasised, and all parties were reminded of their obligations. There was slow progress in the peace process. The Council approved the Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali's recommendation to reduce the size of UNAVEM III during February 1997, due to donor fatigue. The two parties also had to start working on the integration of selected UNITA troops into the Angolan army and demobilisation. The parties also had to reach an agreement on the special status of the President of UNITA as the President of the largest opposition party before 31 December 1996. They were asked to travel to Luanda on the formation of a government of national unity and reconciliation. The arms embargo against UNITA, imposed in Resolution 864 (1993), had to be strictly enforced and concern was expressed that neighbouring states were not enforcing it. Both parties were then called upon to intensify demining efforts and destroy stockpiles of land mines which would be monitored by UNAVEM III. Finally, the Secretary-General was requested to prepare for a follow-on United Nations presence in Angola which would include military observers, police observers, a political component, human rights monitors and a Special Representative, reporting back no later than 10 February 1997.

text:
# United Nations Security Council Resolution 1087

**United Nations Security Council resolution 1087**, adopted unanimously on 11 December 1996, after reaffirming Resolution 696 (1991) and all subsequent resolutions on Angola, extended the mandate of the United Nations Angola Verification Mission III (UNAVEM III) until 28 February 1997.

The importance of full implementation of the peace agreements, including the Lusaka Protocol, for Angola was emphasised, and all parties were reminded of their obligations.

There was slow progress in the peace process. The Council approved the Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali's recommendation to reduce the size of UNAVEM III during February 1997, due to donor fatigue. The two parties also had to start working on the integration of selected UNITA troops into the Angolan army and demobilisation. The parties also had to reach an agreement on the special status of the President of UNITA as the President of the largest opposition party before 31 December 1996. They were asked to travel to Luanda on the formation of a government of national unity and reconciliation. The arms embargo against UNITA, imposed in Resolution 864 (1993), had to be strictly enforced and concern was expressed that neighbouring states were not enforcing it.

Both parties were then called upon to intensify demining efforts and destroy stockpiles of land mines which would be monitored by UNAVEM III. Finally, the Secretary-General was requested to prepare for a follow-on United Nations presence in Angola which would include military observers, police observers, a political component, human rights monitors and a Special Representative, reporting back no later than 10 February 1997.

## InfoBox

| UN Security Council<br>Resolution 1087 | |
| --- | --- |
| Luanda, capital of Angola | |
| Date | 11 December 1996 |
| Meeting no. | 3,722 |
| Code | S/RES/1087 (Document) |
| Subject | **The situation in Angola** |
| Voting summary | * **15 voted for** * **None voted against** * **None abstained** |
| Result | Adopted |
| Security Council composition | |
| Permanent members |  |
| Non-permanent members |  |
|  | |


abstract: United Nations Security Council resolution 1143, adopted unanimously on 4 December 1997, after recalling all previous resolutions on Iraq, including resolutions 986 (1995), 1111 (1997) and 1129 (1997) concerning the Oil-for-Food Programme, the council, acting under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, extended provisions relating to Iraqi oil sales for a further 180 days to meet the humanitarian needs of the Iraqi people. The security council was convinced of the need of a temporary measure to provide humanitarian assistance to the Iraqi people until the fulfillment of Security Council resolutions by the Iraqi government, notably Resolution 687 (1991). It was determined to avoid the further deterioration of the humanitarian situation in Iraq and welcomed the intention of the Secretary-General Kofi Annan to consider ways of best meeting the humanitarian needs of the Iraqi people. Acting under Chapter VII, the Council decided that the mechanism whereby Iraqi oil exports would finance humanitarian aid would continue for a further 180 days, beginning at 00:01 EST on 5 December 1997. It was further decided that a review would be conducted 90 days after the adoption of the current resolution, concerning its implementation, including the possibility of further extensions. The Secretary-General Kofi Annan was requested to report 90 days and before 180 days after the adoption of the current resolution, on the basis of observation by United Nations personnel in Iraq on whether the Iraqi government had distributed medicine, health supplies, foodstuffs, and materials and supplies for essential civilian needs. Meanwhile, the committee established in Resolution 661 (1991) was requested to report to the council at the same intervals as Kofi Annan regarding the implementation of the provisions of Resolution 986. Finally, the secretary-general was further directed to submit a supplementary report concerning ways to improve the humanitarian programme by 30 January 1998.

text:
# United Nations Security Council Resolution 1143

**United Nations Security Council resolution 1143**, adopted unanimously on 4 December 1997, after recalling all previous resolutions on Iraq, including resolutions 986 (1995), 1111 (1997) and 1129 (1997) concerning the Oil-for-Food Programme, the council, acting under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, extended provisions relating to Iraqi oil sales for a further 180 days to meet the humanitarian needs of the Iraqi people.

The security council was convinced of the need of a temporary measure to provide humanitarian assistance to the Iraqi people until the fulfillment of Security Council resolutions by the Iraqi government, notably Resolution 687 (1991). It was determined to avoid the further deterioration of the humanitarian situation in Iraq and welcomed the intention of the Secretary-General Kofi Annan to consider ways of best meeting the humanitarian needs of the Iraqi people.

Acting under Chapter VII, the Council decided that the mechanism whereby Iraqi oil exports would finance humanitarian aid would continue for a further 180 days, beginning at 00:01 EST on 5 December 1997. It was further decided that a review would be conducted 90 days after the adoption of the current resolution, concerning its implementation, including the possibility of further extensions.

The Secretary-General Kofi Annan was requested to report 90 days and before 180 days after the adoption of the current resolution, on the basis of observation by United Nations personnel in Iraq on whether the Iraqi government had distributed medicine, health supplies, foodstuffs, and materials and supplies for essential civilian needs. Meanwhile, the committee established in Resolution 661 (1991) was requested to report to the council at the same intervals as Kofi Annan regarding the implementation of the provisions of Resolution 986. Finally, the secretary-general was further directed to submit a supplementary report concerning ways to improve the humanitarian programme by 30 January 1998.

## InfoBox

| UN Security Council<br>Resolution 1143 | |
| --- | --- |
| Sunrise over the Al Basrah Oil Terminal in southern Iraq | |
| Date | 4 December 1997 |
| Meeting no. | 3,840 |
| Code | S/RES/1143 (Document) |
| Subject | **The situation between Iraq and Kuwait** |
| Voting summary | * **15 voted for** * **None voted against** * **None abstained** |
| Result | Adopted |
| Security Council composition | |
| Permanent members |  |
| Non-permanent members |  |
|  | |


abstract: The United States men's national wheelchair basketball team began in 1955 when the Pam Am Jets brought wheelchair basketball to Europe at the International Stoke Mandville Games, albeit in the form of netball. Shortly following the Pan Am Jets' dominating performance at the International Stoke Mandville Games, wheelchair netball was switched to wheelchair basketball for all future Games.

text:
# United States men's national wheelchair basketball team

The **United States men's national wheelchair basketball team** began in 1955 when the Pam Am Jets brought wheelchair basketball to Europe at the International Stoke Mandville Games, albeit in the form of netball. Shortly following the Pan Am Jets' dominating performance at the International Stoke Mandville Games, wheelchair netball was switched to wheelchair basketball for all future Games.

## History

In 1960 the inaugural Rome Paralympic Games included wheelchair basketball as one of its initial events. During this inaugural 1960 Paralympic Games the wheelchair basketball competition was divided into two constructs: Class A for athletes with complete lesions, and Class B for those with incomplete lesions. With the 1960 Paralympic Games, the United States Men's National Wheelchair Basketball Team competed in both classifications, winning two gold medals. The same occurred in the following 1964 Tokyo Paralympic Games, as the United States Men's National Wheelchair Basketball Team claimed both gold medals.

The success of the United States Men's National Wheelchair Basketball Team has continued since those initial Paralympic Games, although the team had not won gold medals since 1988 and finally ended that drought in the most recent tournament in 2016.

The United States Men's Wheelchair Basketball Team also competes internationally in the International Wheelchair Basketball Federation's (IWBF) World Wheelchair Basketball Championships, the Parapan American Games, and the IWBF's U23 World Wheelchair Basketball Championships. The United States Men's National Wheelchair Basketball Team has enjoyed great success in each of these tournaments in addition to the Paralympic Games. They are the only team to have won the IWBF World Wheelchair Basketball Championships in three successive tournaments (accomplishing that feat twice; 1979-1986 & 1994-2002) and medalling in nearly every tournament held of the Parapan American Games, as well as the IWBF’s U23 World Wheelchair Basketball Championships.

## Roster

The following is the United States roster in the men's wheelchair basketball tournament of the 2024 Summer Paralympics.

| United States men's national wheelchair basketball team - 2024 Summer Paralympics roster | |
| --- | --- |
| Players | Coaches |
| No. Name Age – Date of birth Pts.
  2 Jacob Williams 33 – (1991-08-02)2 August 1991 2.5    4 Talen Jourdan 24 – (1999-10-25)25 October 1999 1.0    8 Brian Bell 35 – (1989-02-24)24 February 1989 4.5    11 Steve Serio 36 – (1987-09-08)8 September 1987 3.5    14 Paul Schulte 45 – (1979-03-05)5 March 1979 3.0    15 Nate Hinze 36 – (1988-06-12)12 June 1988 4.5    16 Trevon Jenifer 35 – (1988-09-07)7 September 1988 2.5    24 AJ Fitzpatrick 19 – (2004-08-28)28 August 2004 3.0    25 Jorge Salazar 34 – (1989-12-07)7 December 1989 3.5    32 Fabian Romo 27 – (1997-01-22)22 January 1997 4.0    33 John Boie 33 – (1991-02-11)11 February 1991 1.0    44 Jeromie Meyer 27 – (1997-04-11)11 April 1997 2.0 | Head coach Robb Taylor
Assistant coach(es) Scott Meyer  ---  Legend* **Age** \- describes age on 28 August 2024 |

## Paralympic Games

Results achieved at the Paralympic Games:

## IWBF World Championships

| Year | Host | Place |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1975 | Bruges (Belgium) | Silver |
| 1979 | Tampa (United States) | Gold |
| 1983 | Halifax (Canada) | Gold |
| 1986 | Melbourne (Australia) | Gold |
| 1990 | Bruges (Belgium) | Silver |
| 1994 | Edmonton (Canada) | Gold |
| 1998 | Sydney (Australia) | Gold |
| 2002 | Kitakyushu (Japan) | Gold |
| 2006 | Amsterdam (Netherlands) | Silver |
| 2010 | Birmingham (United Kingdom) | Bronze |
| 2014 | Incheon (South Korea) | Silver |
| 2018 | Hamburg (Germany) | Silver |
| 2022 | Dubai (United Arab Emirates) | Gold |

## Other international tournaments

### Parapan American Games

| Year | Host | Place |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1999 | Mexico, Mexico City | Gold |
| 2003 | Argentina, Mar del Plata | Silver |
| 2007 | Brazil, Rio de Janeiro | Gold |
| 2011 | Mexico, Guadalajara | Gold |
| 2015 | Canada, Toronto | Gold |
| 2019 | Peru, Lima | Gold |

### Men's U23 World Wheelchair Basketball Championships

| Year | Host | Place |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1997 | Canada, Toronto | Gold |
| 2001 | Brazil, Blumenau, Santa Catarina | Bronze |
| 2005 | United Kingdom, Birmingham | Gold |
| 2009 | France, Paris | Gold |
|

## InfoBox

United States
| IWBF zone | Americas |
| --- | --- |
| Paralympic Games | |
| Appearances | 15 |
| Medals | *Gold:* 1960 (2), 1964 (2), 1972, 1976, 1988, 2016, 2020, 2024
*Silver:* 1968
*Bronze:* 1980, 1996, 2000, 2012 |
| World Championships | |
| Appearances | 13 |
| Medals | *Gold:* 1979, 1983, 1986, 1994, 1998, 2002, 2022
*Silver:* 1975, 1990, 2006, 2014, 2018
*Bronze:* 2010 |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: United States House Committee on Ethics

abstract: The U.S. House Committee on Ethics, often known simply as the Ethics Committee, is one of the committees of the United States House of Representatives. Before the 112th Congress, it was known as the Committee on Standards of Official Conduct. The House Ethics Committee has often received criticism. In response to criticism, the House created the Office of Congressional Ethics (OCE), an independent non-partisan entity established to monitor ethical conduct in the House.

text:
# United States House Committee on Ethics

The **U.S. House Committee on Ethics**, often known simply as the **Ethics Committee**, is one of the committees of the United States House of Representatives. Before the 112th Congress, it was known as the **Committee on Standards of Official Conduct**.

The House Ethics Committee has often received criticism. In response to criticism, the House created the Office of Congressional Ethics (OCE), an independent non-partisan entity established to monitor ethical conduct in the House.

## Members

The committee has an equal number of members from each party, unlike the rest of the committees, which are constituted with the majority of members and the committee chair coming from the party that controls the House. This even split has limited its power by giving either political party an effective veto over the actions of the committee. Members may not serve more than three terms on the committee, unless they serve as chair in their fourth term.

### Members, 118th Congress

| Majority | Minority |
| --- | --- |
|  |  |

Resolutions electing members: H.Res. 79 (D), H.Res. 80 (R), H.Res. 84 (chair)

## Past committee rosters

### 117th Congress

| Majority | Minority |
| --- | --- |
|  |  |

Resolutions electing members: H.Res. 9 (chair), H.Res. 10 (Ranking Member), H.Res. 62 (D), H.Res. 63 (R), H.Res. 95 (R)

### 116th Congress

| Majority | Minority |
| --- | --- |
|  |  |

Sources: H.Res. 31 (chair), H.Res. 32 (Ranking Member), H.Res. 113 (R), H.Res. 125 (D), H.Res. 148 (D)

### 115th Congress

| Majority | Minority |
| --- | --- |
|  |  |

Sources: H.Res. 6 (R), H.Res. 56, H.Res. 127 (D), H.Res. 685 (R)

### 114th Congress

| Majority | Minority |
| --- | --- |
|  |  |

Sources: H.Res. 6 (R), H.Res. 30, H.Res. 71 (D)

### 113th Congress

| Majority | Minority |
| --- | --- |
|  |  |

Sources: H.Res. 6 (R), H.Res. 7, H.Res. 42 (D)

### 112th Congress

| Majority | Minority |
| --- | --- |
|  |  |

Source:

* Resolutions (H.Res. 6 and H.Res. 62) electing members to certain standing committees of the House of Representatives.

## Function

The Ethics Committee has many functions, but they all revolve around the standards of ethical conduct for members of the House. Under this authority, it:

* Agrees on a set of rules that regulate what behavior is considered ethical for members (rules relating to gifts, travel, campaign activities, treatment of staff, conflicts of interest, etc. are typical)
* Conducts investigations into whether members have violated these standards
* Makes recommendations to the whole House on what action, if any, should be taken as a result of the investigations (e.g. censure, expulsion from the House, or nothing if the member is found not to be violating a rule)
* Provides advice to members before they (the members) take action, so as to avoid uncertainty over ethical culpability.

## History

The committee has a long history; the first matter it handled was on January 30, 1798, when Rep. Matthew Lyon of Vermont was accused of "gross indecency" after he spat on Rep. Roger Griswold of Connecticut after an exchange of insults (a week later, another complaint was filed against Lyon, this time for "gross indecency of language in his defense before this House"). Since the early days of the House, the committee's reports have gotten much more technical, delving into the details of campaign finance and other financial arcana.

As a result of the criminal investigation of Majority Leader Tom DeLay (R-TX), and lobbyist Jack Abramoff, there was pressure on the Ethics Committee to take action to admonish members involved in their activities. However, action was slow and the responsibility for impeding its progress was attributed to then-Speaker of the United States House of Representatives Dennis Hastert. When the committee did admonish Tom DeLay for a third time, Hastert removed three Republicans from the panel, including chairman Joel Hefley, (R-CO). Hastert had his own personal ethical problems, such as when he failed to take action when warned about Mark Foley's sexual relationships with young congressional pages. The new chairman, Doc Hastings (R-WA), acted to rein in the panel, leading to a Democratic boycott and preventing a quorum. The stalemate lasted three months until Hastings backed down. By then the committee was left broken and unable to take action in the DeLay case, the full Jack Abramoff Indian lobbying scandal, or other cases such as that of ranking Ethics Committee Democrat Jim McDermott (D-WA), who revealed violations by Newt Gingrich without authorization to the press.

On November 16, 2010, Charles Rangel (D-NY) was found guilty on 11 of the 12 charges against him by the adjudicatory subcommittee of the House Ethics Committee. They included solicitation of funds and donations for the non-profit Rangel Center from those with business before the Ways and Means Committee and the improper use of Congressional letterhead and other House resources in those solicitations; for submitting incomplete and inaccurate financial disclosures, for using an apartment as an office despite having Congressional dealings with its landlord and for failing to pay taxes on a Dominican villa.

On March 29, 2010, the OCE released a report dated January 28, 2010, that concluded Rep. Nathan Deal (R-GA) appeared to have improperly used his office staff to pressure Georgia officials to continue the exclusive, no-bid state vehicle inspection program that generated hundreds of thousands of dollars a year for his family's auto salvage business, Gainesville Salvage & Disposal. The Ethics Committee never reported or commented on any investigation of Deal. On March 1, 2010, Deal resigned his seat saying he was concentrating on a run for governor, which excluded him from the Office of Congressional Ethics' jurisdiction. Besides Deal, another Georgia Republican, Rep. Paul Broun, accused of paying a consultant with taxpayer funds in his 2014 bid for a U.S. Senate race, avoided answering to charges by losing that primary and leaving office.

The OCE discovered, via a difficult investigation, that a 2013 trip nine members took to Azerbaijan was paid for by funds laundered for the purpose from the Azerbaijani government. The Ethics committee had asked the OCE to drop the case, only approving release of a summary finding in 2015, deeming the full report "not appropriate for release because the referral followed the OCE Board’s decision not to cease its investigations."

On January 2, 2017, one day before the 115th United States Congress was scheduled to convene for its first session, the House Republican majority voted 119–74 to effectively place the OCE under direct control of the House Ethics Committee, making any subsequent reviews of possible violations of criminal law by Congressional members dependent upon approval following referral to the Ethics Committee itself, or to federal law enforcement agencies. The new rules would have prevented the OCE from independently releasing public statements on pending or completed investigations. House Judiciary Committee chair Bob Goodlatte (R-Va.) defended the action on the rules amendment saying it "builds upon and strengthens the existing Office of Congressional Ethics by maintaining its primary area of focus of accepting and reviewing complaints from the public and referring them, if appropriate, to the Committee on Ethics." House Republicans reversed their plan to gut the OCE less than 24 hours after the initial vote, under bipartisan pressure from Representatives, their constituents and the president-elect, Donald Trump. In addition to negative Trump tweets, criticism was widespread including from Judicial Watch, the Project on Government Oversight, former Representative Bob Ney (R-OH), who was convicted of receiving bribes, and Abramoff, the lobbyist who provided such bribes.

## InfoBox

House Committee on Ethics
| Standing committee | |
| --- | --- |
| **Active**

**United States House of Representatives**
118th Congress | |
| History | |
| Formed | 1967 |
| Leadership | |
| Chair | Michael Guest ()
Since January 3, 2023 (2023-01-03) |
| Ranking member | Susan Wild ()
Since January 3, 2023 (2023-01-03) |
| Structure | |
| Seats | 10 |
| Political parties | **Majority** (5)* Republican (5)  **Minority**  (5) |
| Jurisdiction | |
| Purpose | "to administer travel, gift, financial disclosure, outside income, and other regulations; advise members and staff; issue advisory opinions and investigate potential ethics violations" |
| Policy areas | Ethics |
| Senate counterpart | United States Senate Select Committee on Ethics |
| Website | |
| ethics.house.gov | |
| Rules | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: United States admiralty law

text:
# United States admiralty law

Admiralty law in the United States is a matter of federal law.

## Jurisdiction

In the United States, the federal district courts have jurisdiction over all admiralty and maritime actions; see 28 U.S.C. § 1333.

When the U.S. Navy or Marine Corps is involved in an admiralty incident, the Secretary of the Navy has authority for administrative settlement and payment of claims involving the Department of the Navy. The Judge Advocate General processes admiralty claims for adjudication by the Secretary of the Navy, or the Secretary's designee, and acts as the principal liaison with Department of Justice for admiralty tort cases in litigation. The Navy Department may hold a Court of Inquiry or conduct other investigations into the incident, however this type of court conducts formal investigations and "is not a court as the term is commonly used today." Whether or not such an investigation is conducted for an admiralty incident, there may be tort claims in federal court for the injured parties if they are unsatisfied with the Secretary's settlement.

In recent years a conspiracy argument used by tax protesters is that an American court displaying an American flag with a gold fringe is in fact an "admiralty court" and thus has no jurisdiction. Courts have repeatedly dismissed this argument as frivolous. In United States v. Greenstreet, the court summarized its finding to this argument: "Unfortunately for Defendant Greenstreet, decor is not a determinant for jurisdiction."

## Applicable law

A state court hearing an admiralty or maritime case is required to apply the admiralty and maritime law, even if it conflicts with the law of the state, under a doctrine known as the "reverse-*Erie* doctrine." The *Erie* doctrine, derived from *Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins*, directs that federal courts hearing state actions must apply state law. The "reverse-*Erie* doctrine" directs that state courts hearing admiralty cases must apply federal admiralty law. This distinction is critical in some cases.

For instance, U.S. maritime law recognizes the concept of joint and several liability among tortfeasors, while many states do not. Under joint and several liability, where two or more people create a single injury or loss, all are equally liable, even if they contributed only a small amount. A state court hearing an admiralty case would be required to apply the doctrine of joint and several liability even if state law does not contemplate the concept.

## Limitation of shipowner's liability

One of the unique aspects of maritime law is the ability of a shipowner to limit its liability to the value of a ship after a major accident. An example of the use of the Limitation Act is the sinking of the RMS *Titanic* in 1912. Even though the *Titanic* had never been to the United States, upon her sinking the owners rushed into the federal courts in New York to file a limitation of liability proceeding. The Limitation Act provides that if an accident happens due to a circumstance which is beyond the "privity and knowledge" of the ship's owners, the owners can limit their liability to the value of the ship after it sinks.

After the *Titanic* sank, the only portions of the ship remaining were the 14 lifeboats, which had a collective value of about $3,000. This was added to the "pending freight"which means the ship's earnings from the trip from both passenger fares and freight chargesto reach a total liability of about $91,000. The cost of a first-class, parlor suite ticket was over $4,350. The owners of the *Titanic* were successful in showing that the sinking occurred without their privity and knowledge, and therefore, the families of the deceased passengers, as well as the surviving passengers who lost their personal belongings, were entitled only to split the $91,000.

Another example was when Transocean filed in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Texas in 2010 to limit its liability to just its interest in the *Deepwater Horizon*, which it valued at $26,764,083. This was in the wake of billions of dollars liabilities resulting from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill that followed the sinking.

The Limitation Act does not only apply to large ships. It can be used to insulate a motorboat owner from liability when he loans his boat to another who then has an accident. Even jet ski owners have been able to successfully invoke the Limitation Act to insulate themselves from liability. An unusual application involved the case Grubart v. Great Lakes Dredge and Dock Company, where a vessel performing piling operations in the Chicago River punctured a tunnel and caused the 1992 Chicago flood of many underground areas of the city’s downtown; the courts ruled that the vessel was in navigable waters covered by the admiralty law limitation clause.

Many shipping contracts include "safe berth" clauses that assure that the area around the intended dock is clear for the arriving vessel. This has been determined by the Supreme Court to be a warranty of safety from the entity requesting the shipping, placing the burden of clearing the area and any subsequently liability for failure to do so on that entity rather than the vessel owner, as determined in the 2020 case *CITGO Asphalt Refining Co. v. Frescati Shipping Co.* resulting from the oil spill on the Delaware River in 2004.

## Cargo claims

Claims for damage to cargo shipped by ocean carrier in international commerce into and out of the United States are governed by the Carriage of Goods by Sea Act (COGSA), which is the U.S. enactment of the Hague Rules. One of its key features is that a carrier is liable for cargo damaged from "hook to hook," meaning from loading to discharge, unless it is exonerated under one of 17 exceptions to liability, such as an "act of God," the inherent nature of the goods, errors in navigation, and management of the ship. A shipowner is generally entitled to limit its liability to $500 per package, unless the value of the contents is disclosed and marked on the container. There is significant litigation as to what constitutes a "package" for purposes of determining liability under COGSA. This practice has resulted in substantial and continuing litigation in the United States. Federal Courts in the United States, however, are reluctant to treat an ocean shipping container as a single COGSA package. The statute of limitations on cargo claims is one year.

## Personal injuries to seamen

Seamen injured aboard ship have three possible sources of compensation: the principle of maintenance and cure, the doctrine of unseaworthiness, and the Jones Act. The principle of maintenance and cure requires a shipowner to both pay for an injured seaman's medical treatment until maximum medical recovery (MMR) is obtained and provide basic living expenses until completion of the voyage, even if the seaman is no longer aboard ship. The seaman is entitled to maintenance and cure as of right, unless he was injured due to his own willful gross negligence. It is similar in some ways to workers' compensation. The doctrine of unseaworthiness makes a shipowner liable if a seaman is injured because the ship, or any appliance of the ship, is "unseaworthy," meaning defective in some way. The Jones Act allows a sailor, or one in privity to him, to sue the shipowner in tort for personal injury or wrongful death, with trial by jury. The Jones Act incorporates the Federal Employers Liability Act (FELA), which governs injuries to railway workers, and is similar to the Coal Miners Act. A shipowner is liable to a seaman in the same way a railroad operator is to its employees who are injured due to the negligence of the employer. The statute of limitation is three years.

Not every worker injured on board a vessel is a "seaman" entitled to the protections offered by the Jones Act, doctrine of unseaworthiness, and principle of maintenance and cure. To be considered a seaman, a worker must generally spend 30% or more of his working hours onboard either a specific vessel or a fleet of vessels under common ownership or control. With few exceptions, all non-seamen workers injured over navigable waters are covered instead by the Longshore and Harbor Workers' Compensation Act, 33 U.S.C. §§ 901950, a separate form of workers' compensation.

## Emergency Expenditures

In the United States, U.S. individuals "evacuated on US government-coordinated transport, including charter and military flights or ships, even if those transports are provided by another country's government, must sign an Evacuee Manifest and Promissory Note (Form DS-5528) note prior to departure." This note is used as a reference, which is later used to issue a bill to these evacuees for the maximum practical reimbursement. Evacuees taking coordinated U.S. government transportation are required by law to pay the cost of reasonable commercial transport fare to the destination that was designated prior to the incident that resulted in the need for evacuation. There is an option for a repatriation loan program, which is issued by the Secretary of State in regards to 11 different requirements, including requiring a verifiable address and social security number and a written agreement with a repayment schedule from the borrower. The payment of the loan should be issued to the U.S. Department of State through the Comptroller and Global Financial Services  office, in full and on time. Therefore, avoiding interest payments and other legal penalties, including the prevention of renewal or issuance of a U.S. passport.

## Agony of collision

The "agony of collision" is a defense to a statutory claim of negligence in ship collisions.

1. Manual of the Judge Advocate General (JAGMAN)
2. JAG INSTRUCTION 5830.1A, PROCEDURES APPLICABLE TO COURTS AND BOARDS OF INQUIRY, Code 15, Judge Advocate General
3. *United States v. Mackovich*, 209 F.3d 1227, 1233–1235, fn. 2 (9th Cir. 2000).
4. *United States v. Greenstreet*, 912 F. Supp 224 (N.D. Tex. 1996).
5. Frederick B. Goldsmith (November 2011). "The Vessel Owners' Limitation of Liability Act: An Anachronism that Persists, For Now" (PDF). Legal. *Marine News*. p. 44. Retrieved 2014-06-12.
6. "Transocean - Press Release". *phx.corporate-ir.net*. Archived from the original on 2016-01-31.
7. "Information for U.S. Citizens about a U.S. Government-Assisted Evacuation". *travel.state.gov*. Retrieved 2020-04-12.
8. "U.S.C. Title 22 - FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE". *www.govinfo.gov*. Retrieved 2020-04-12.
9. *Reports of Cases relating to maritime law: The Orduna*. Vol. 14. Supreme Court of Judicature (Great Britain). 1919. pp. 574, 575. Retrieved December 1, 2016.
10. Morgan, Ted (1985). *FRD: a biography*. Simon and Schuster. p. 574. ISBN 9780671454951. Retrieved December 1, 2016.


abstract: United Nations Security Council resolution 946, adopted on 30 September 1994, after reaffirming Resolution 733 (1992) and all of its subsequent resolutions on the situation in Somalia, the council extended the mandate of the United Nations Operation in Somalia II for a period of one month until 31 October 1994. The council was concerned at the deteriorating situation in Somalia, attacks and harassment against UNOSOM II and other personnel were condemned, while it was the Somali parties responsibility to ensure the safety of the personnel. The presence of the United Nations and other international personnel and support in the country was dependent on the will of the Somali parties to achieve a political solution. The intention of the Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali to report on the prospects for national reconciliation and the future of the United Nations in Somalia by mid-October 1994. The mandate of UNOSOM II was extended to 31 October 1994 and the council pledged to conduct a review of its mandate and future before the expiry date. The secretary-general was encouraged to prepare contingency arrangements for the implementation of decisions including the withdrawal of UNOSOM II. It was also decided to send a mission to Somalia to inform the parties there of the plans of the Security Council. Resolution 946 was adopted by 14 votes to none, with one abstention from the United States.

text:
# United Nations Security Council Resolution 946

**United Nations Security Council resolution 946**, adopted on 30 September 1994, after reaffirming Resolution 733 (1992) and all of its subsequent resolutions on the situation in Somalia, the council extended the mandate of the United Nations Operation in Somalia II (UNOSOM II) for a period of one month until 31 October 1994.

The council was concerned at the deteriorating situation in Somalia, attacks and harassment against UNOSOM II and other personnel were condemned, while it was the Somali parties responsibility to ensure the safety of the personnel. The presence of the United Nations and other international personnel and support in the country was dependent on the will of the Somali parties to achieve a political solution. The intention of the Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali to report on the prospects for national reconciliation and the future of the United Nations in Somalia by mid-October 1994.

The mandate of UNOSOM II was extended to 31 October 1994 and the council pledged to conduct a review of its mandate and future before the expiry date. The secretary-general was encouraged to prepare contingency arrangements for the implementation of decisions including the withdrawal of UNOSOM II. It was also decided to send a mission to Somalia to inform the parties there of the plans of the Security Council.

Resolution 946 was adopted by 14 votes to none, with one abstention from the United States.

## InfoBox

| UN Security Council<br>Resolution 946 | |
| --- | --- |
| Date | 30 September 1994 |
| Meeting no. | 3,432 |
| Code | S/RES/946 (Document) |
| Subject | **Somalia** |
| Voting summary | * **14 voted for** * **None voted against** * **1 abstained** |
| Result | Adopted |
| Security Council composition | |
| Permanent members |  |
| Non-permanent members |  |
|  | |


abstract: United Nations Security Council resolution 941, adopted unanimously on 30 September 1994, after recalling all resolutions on the situation on the former Yugoslavia including Resolution 908 (1994), the Council discussed the situation in Croatia and extended the mandate of the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) until 31 March 1995. The security council wanted a negotiated solution to the conflict in the former Yugoslavia and the mutual respect for international boundaries between countries in the region was stressed. Key aspects of the United Nations peace plan and particularly Resolution 871 (1993) had yet to be implemented. Meanwhile, UNPROFOR played an important role in preventing hostilities and creating conditions for an overall peace settlement. Acting under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, the council extended the mandate of UNPROFOR until 31 March 1995 and urged all parties to co-operate with the peacekeeping force and ensure its freedom of movement. The Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali was requested to report back to the council by 20 January 1995 on the state of the United Nations peace plan for Croatia and in this regard its mandate would be reviewed. He also had to report on progress made towards the opening of roads and railways to the United Nations Protected Areas and the rest of Croatia, the water and power supply, and the opening of the Adriatic oil pipeline. The right of all displaced persons to return to their homes was reaffirmed, with assistance from the international community. All statements and commitments made under duress, especially in regard to territory, were invalid. Concern was expressed that Status of Forces Agreements had not been finalised Croatia, Macedonia and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Serbia and Montenegro, and all were urged to conclude the agreements without delay. The Bosnian Serbs were called upon to respect the territorial integrity of Croatia, and that the restoration of authority in the pink zones must be completed under supervision of UNPROFOR to avoid further destabilisation of the region.

text:
# United Nations Security Council Resolution 947

**United Nations Security Council resolution 941**, adopted unanimously on 30 September 1994, after recalling all resolutions on the situation on the former Yugoslavia including Resolution 908 (1994), the Council discussed the situation in Croatia and extended the mandate of the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) until 31 March 1995.

The security council wanted a negotiated solution to the conflict in the former Yugoslavia and the mutual respect for international boundaries between countries in the region was stressed. Key aspects of the United Nations peace plan and particularly Resolution 871 (1993) had yet to be implemented. Meanwhile, UNPROFOR played an important role in preventing hostilities and creating conditions for an overall peace settlement.

Acting under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, the council extended the mandate of UNPROFOR until 31 March 1995 and urged all parties to co-operate with the peacekeeping force and ensure its freedom of movement. The Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali was requested to report back to the council by 20 January 1995 on the state of the United Nations peace plan for Croatia and in this regard its mandate would be reviewed. He also had to report on progress made towards the opening of roads and railways to the United Nations Protected Areas and the rest of Croatia, the water and power supply, and the opening of the Adriatic oil pipeline.

The right of all displaced persons to return to their homes was reaffirmed, with assistance from the international community. All statements and commitments made under duress, especially in regard to territory, were invalid. Concern was expressed that Status of Forces Agreements had not been finalised Croatia, Macedonia and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Serbia and Montenegro, and all were urged to conclude the agreements without delay.

The Bosnian Serbs were called upon to respect the territorial integrity of Croatia, and that the restoration of authority in the pink zones must be completed under supervision of UNPROFOR to avoid further destabilisation of the region.

## InfoBox

| UN Security Council<br>Resolution 947 | |
| --- | --- |
| Distribution of Croatian territory in 1995 | |
| Date | 30 September 1994 |
| Meeting no. | 3,434 |
| Code | S/RES/947 (Document) |
| Subject | **Bosnia and Herzegovina** |
| Voting summary | * **15 voted for** * **None voted against** * **None abstained** |
| Result | Adopted |
| Security Council composition | |
| Permanent members |  |
| Non-permanent members |  |
|  | |


title: Until She Comes

abstract: "Until She Comes" is a 1991 song by the English rock band the Psychedelic Furs, taken from their seventh studio album, World Outside. Written by the Psychedelic Furs and produced by the band with Stephen Street, it was released in June as the album's first single. The 12" version included a remix by Hugh Padgham.

text:
# Until She Comes

"**Until She Comes**" is a 1991 song by the English rock band the Psychedelic Furs, taken from their seventh studio album, *World Outside*. Written by the Psychedelic Furs and produced by the band with Stephen Street, it was released in June as the album's first single. The 12" version included a remix by Hugh Padgham.

## Composition and reception

The lyrics of "Until She Comes" depict a metaphorical story about drug addiction. The single spent two weeks at No. 1 on the US Modern Rock Tracks chart in September 1991. Author Dave Thompson described the song as "bittersweet" and reminiscent of the band's 1981 single "Pretty in Pink".

## Track listing

7" vinyl 1. "Until She Comes" - 3:38
2. "Make It Mine" - 3:55

CD single, 12" vinyl 1. "Until She Comes" - 3:50
2. "Make It Mine" - 3:57
3. "Sometimes" - 4:14
4. "Until She Comes (Remix)" - 4:00

## Chart performance

| Chart (1991) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| U.S. Modern Rock Tracks | 1 |

## InfoBox

| "Until She Comes" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by The Psychedelic Furs | |
| from the album  *World Outside* | |
| Released | June 1991 |
| Genre | Alternative rock |
| Length | 3:50 |
| Label | Columbia |
| Songwriter(s) | The Psychedelic Furs |
| Producer(s) | Stephen Street, the Psychedelic Furs |
| The Psychedelic Furs singles chronology | |
| "House"
(1990) "**Until She Comes**"
(1991) "Don't Be a Girl"
(1991) | |


title: University of Louisville Hospital

abstract: University of Louisville Hospital is a non-profit, 421-bed teaching hospital located in downtown Louisville, Kentucky and is owned and operated by UofL Health.

text:
# University of Louisville Hospital

**University of Louisville Hospital** is a non-profit, 421-bed teaching hospital located in downtown Louisville, Kentucky and is owned and operated by UofL Health.

## Facilities

The University of Louisville Hospital's J. David Richardson Trauma Center is the only Level I trauma center for adults in the region and is also a Joint Commission-certified comprehensive stroke center. The hospital additionally features the region's sole American Burn Association-verified adult burn center. The hospital's Center for Women & Infants offers labor and delivery services along with a level III neonatal intensive care unit. The University of Louisville Hospital is also home to the Brown Cancer Center, which provides treatment for a variety of cancers and coordinates blood and bone marrow transplant services.

## InfoBox

| University of Louisville Hospital | |
| --- | --- |
| UofL Health | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Geography | |
| Location | Louisville, Kentucky, United States |
| Coordinates | 38°14′55″N 85°44′37″W / 38.24858°N 85.7435°W / 38.24858; -85.7435 |
| Organization | |
| Type | Teaching |
| Affiliated university | University of Louisville |
| Services | |
| Emergency department | Level I trauma center |
| Beds | 421 |
| Helipad | FAA LID: **26KY** |
| Links | |
| Website | uoflhealth.org/locations/uofl-hospital/ |
| Lists | Hospitals in Kentucky |


title: University of Rochester Arboretum

abstract: The University of Rochester Arboretum is an arboretum located across the River Campus of the University of Rochester, 612 Wilson Boulevard, Rochester, New York. The River Campus is located beside the Genesee River on a site previously owned by the Oak Hill Country Club. Famed landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted, Sr. had designed a "River Walk" of oak trees along the river; and after the university purchased the site in 1923, his son Frederick Law Olmsted Jr. served as landscape designer and consultant to the campus architects. In 1999 certain areas of the campus were designated as the arboretum. The River Walk was recently sold to the City of Rochester as public parkland along the river corridor. In a 1 km area between Elmwood Avenue and Intercampus Drive are 197 oak trees representing 15 species. Trees in the arboretum proper currently include: American Beech, Amur corktree, Baldcypress, Black Gum, Dawn Redwood, Goldenraintree, Hally Jolivette cherry, Japanese Pagoda Tree, Japanese Zelkova, Katsura Tree, Kentucky Coffeetree, Kanzan cherry, Late Lilac, Miyabe's Maple, Osage-orange, Paperbark Maple, Northern Red Oak, Scarlet Oak, Wych Elm, Shadblow serviceberry, Sweetgum and Tulip-tree. Although not located on the River Campus, the university grounds also contain two state champion trees, a weeping willow and a Ponderosa Pine. They are the largest known examples in the New York state.

text:
# University of Rochester Arboretum

The **University of Rochester Arboretum** is an arboretum located across the River Campus of the University of Rochester, 612 Wilson Boulevard, Rochester, New York.

The River Campus is located beside the Genesee River on a site previously owned by the Oak Hill Country Club. Famed landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted, Sr. had designed a "River Walk" of oak trees along the river; and after the university purchased the site in 1923, his son Frederick Law Olmsted Jr. served as landscape designer and consultant to the campus architects. In 1999 certain areas of the campus were designated as the arboretum.

The River Walk was recently sold to the City of Rochester as public parkland along the river corridor. In a 1 km (¾ mile) area between Elmwood Avenue and Intercampus Drive are 197 oak trees representing 15 species. Trees in the arboretum proper currently include: American Beech (*Fagus grandifolia*), Amur corktree (*Phellodendron amurense*), Baldcypress (*Taxodium distichum*), Black Gum (*Nyssa sylvatica*), Dawn Redwood (*Metasequoia glyptostroboides*), Goldenraintree (*Koelreuteria paniculata*), Hally Jolivette cherry (*Prunus* 'Hally Jolivette'), Japanese Pagoda Tree (*Styphnolobium japonicum*), Japanese Zelkova (*Zelkova serrata*), Katsura Tree (*Cercidiphyllum japonicum*), Kentucky Coffeetree (*Gymnocladus dioicus*), Kanzan cherry (*Prunus serrulata* 'Kanzan'), Late Lilac (*Syringa villosa*), Miyabe's Maple (*Acer miyabei*), Osage-orange (*Maclura pomifera*), Paperbark Maple (*Acer griseum*), Northern Red Oak (*Quercus rubra*), Scarlet Oak (*Quercus coccinea*), Wych Elm (*Ulmus glabra*), Shadblow serviceberry (*Amelanchier canadensis*), Sweetgum (*Liquidambar styraciflua*) and Tulip-tree (*Liriodendron tulipifera*).

Although not located on the River Campus, the university grounds also contain two state champion trees, a weeping willow and a Ponderosa Pine. They are the largest known examples in the New York state.

43°07′42″N 77°37′42″W / 43.12833°N 77.62833°W / 43.12833; -77.62833


abstract:
The University of Otago School of Performing Arts, or Te Kāhui Tau, is part of the University of Otago's Division of Humanities. The school is based in Dunedin, New Zealand. It is ranked in the world's top-200 universities for the performing arts. The School of Performing Arts consists of four programmes:
  - Music
  - Theatre
  - Dance
  - Performing Arts These were originally individual departments but were merged into the one school in 2018. The school is composed of 23 academic staff members. The school awards degrees ranging from Bachelor of Arts (BA) to Doctor of Philosophy (PhD). Alongside teaching and research in the above fields students are also offered the opportunity to demonstrate their practical skills at lunchtime performances at Marama Hall (Music) and Allen Hall. Marama Hall was formerly the Medical Students Training Corps for the Otago Medical School and inside the hall is a board that lists all medical personnel who served aboard the New Zealand Hospital Ships during World War One. Allen Hall was constructed in 1914 as the university’s first Student Union building which was named after former university chancellor Hon. Sir James Allen, who headed a committee for the hall’s construction.

text:
# University of Otago School of Performing Arts

The **University of Otago School of Performing Arts**, or Te Kāhui Tau, is part of the University of Otago's Division of Humanities. The school is based in Dunedin, New Zealand. It is ranked in the world's top-200 universities for the performing arts.

The School of Performing Arts consists of four programmes:

* Music
* Theatre
* Dance
* Performing Arts

These were originally individual departments but were merged into the one school in 2018. The school is composed of 23 academic staff members. The school awards degrees ranging from Bachelor of Arts (BA) to Doctor of Philosophy (PhD).

Alongside teaching and research in the above fields students are also offered the opportunity to demonstrate their practical skills at lunchtime performances at Marama Hall (Music) and Allen Hall (Theatre, Dance, Performing Arts). Marama Hall was formerly the Medical Students Training Corps for the Otago Medical School and inside the hall is a board that lists all medical personnel who served aboard the New Zealand Hospital Ships during World War One. Allen Hall was constructed in 1914 as the university’s first Student Union building which was named after former university chancellor Hon. Sir James Allen, who headed a committee for the hall’s construction.

45°52′2.92″S 170°31′13.43″E / 45.8674778°S 170.5203972°E / -45.8674778; 170.5203972


title: United States v. Kaiser

abstract: United States v. Kaiser, 363 U.S. 299 (1960), was an income tax case before the United States Supreme Court.

text:
# United States v. Kaiser

***United States v. Kaiser***, 363 U.S. 299 (1960), was an income tax case before the United States Supreme Court.

## Background

Union and non-union strikers were provided limited financial assistance by a union.

When a non-union taxpayer filed his tax form, he did not include the amount of the assistance in his gross income. The taxpayer paid the additional tax owed and after an administrative rejection of his refund claim, sued for the refund in the United States district court for the Eastern District of Wisconsin.

A jury found that the financial assistance was a gift, excluding it from income under § 102(a) of the Internal Revenue Code, but a judgment notwithstanding the verdict was granted to the government. Then a United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit reversed a district court's grant of a judgment notwithstanding the verdict against respondent taxpayer.

By a divided vote, the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit reversed. 262 F.2d 367. It held alternatively that the assistance was not within the concept of income of § 61 (a) of the Code, and that in any event the jury's determination that the assistance was a gift, and hence excluded from gross income by § 102 (a), had rational support in the evidence and accordingly was within its province as trier of the facts.

The court granted the government's petition for certiorari, because of the importance of the issues presented. 359 U.S. 1010.

## Opinion of the Court

The Court upheld the appellate court's decision but declined to decide whether the assistance was a gift because the government did not object to the jury charge regarding the gift exclusion. The Court held that the proof was adequate to support the conclusion of the jury. The Court held that, in an allocation of power to decide the question, once it has been found that the decision could reasonably be reached on the evidence and the district court's instructions were not overthrown, the Court's reviewing authority was exhausted. The Court held that the jury was empowered to render the verdict that it did.

The United States Supreme Court affirmed the judgment below, six members of the Court agreeing that the jury had properly found that the strike assistance was an excludable gift. There was no opinion by a majority of the court. Brennan, J., announced the judgment of the court and delivered an opinion, sustaining excludability, in which he was joined by Warren, Ch. J., and Black and Douglas, JJ. In a separate opinion, Frankfurter, J., joined by Clark, J., concurred in the result. Douglas, J., filed a separate concurring opinion. Whittaker, J., dissented in an opinion in which he was joined by Harlan and Stewart, JJ

## InfoBox

| United States v. Kaiser | |
| --- | --- |
| Supreme Court of the United States | |
| Argued March 23, 1960
Decided June 13, 1960 | |
| Full case name | *United States v. Kaiser* |
| Citations | 363 U.S. 299 (*more*)80 S. Ct. 1204; 4 L. Ed. 2d 1233; 1960 U.S. LEXIS 1925; 60-2 U.S. Tax Cas. (CCH) ¶ 9517; 5 A.F.T.R.2d (RIA) 1611; 1960-2 C.B. 33; 46 L.R.R.M. 2350 |
| Case history | |
| Prior | 262 F.2d 367 (affirmed) |
| Court membership | |
| Chief Justice Earl Warren  Associate Justices Hugo Black **·**  Felix Frankfurter
William O. Douglas **·**  Tom C. Clark
John M. Harlan II **·**  William J. Brennan Jr.
Charles E. Whittaker **·**  Potter Stewart | |
| Case opinions | |
| Plurality | Brennan, joined by Warren, Black, Douglas |
| Concurrence | Frankfurter (in result), joined by Clark |
| Concurrence | Douglas |
| Dissent | Whittaker, joined by Harlan, Stewart |
| Laws applied | |
| Internal Revenue Code | |


title: Universal McCann

abstract: Universal McCann (UM) is an international media and advertising agency. UM is a member of Interpublic Group, operating under the IPG Mediabrands branch. Some of its regional offices are known as Universal Media rather than Universal McCann but are still generally all known as UM.

text:
# Universal McCann

**Universal McCann** (**UM**) is an international media and advertising agency. UM is a member of Interpublic Group, operating under the IPG Mediabrands branch. Some of its regional offices are known as **Universal Media** rather than Universal McCann but are still generally all known as UM.

## History

UM was established in 1999 as part of McCann Worldgroup, but its roots go back to 1902 when Alfred Erickson founded Erickson Company.

Harrison King McCann’s agency, founded in 1912, evolved independently from Erickson’s. In 1930, H.K. McCann Company and Erickson Company merged to form McCann Erickson, a $15 million agency with Erickson as its chair and McCann as its president. After winning the Ford Motor Company account in 1933, the agency continued to acquire agencies and accounts including Coca-Cola. By 1957, McCann Erickson was the first US agency to top $100 million annually in TV and radio billings.

Marion Harper, who replaced McCann as President-CEO in 1948, went on to create Interpublic Group in 1960, as the first marketing services management holding company. In 1971, Interpublic Group went public as IPG, and by 1972 was the largest agency in non-US billings.

By 1993, McCann Erickson was the number one agency in the world. As the advertising industry began to integrate its services, McCann Erickson underwent a reinvention to form a consolidated agency network and launched McCann Worldgroup in 1997.

UM was originally launched in Australasia, under the direction of Murray Gardner and Rob Langtry and grew and evolved by McCann Worldgroup as a worldwide media buying arm operating with Sasa Savic as vice president of international media, as a separate yet interdependent unit. When IPG formed Mediabrands in 2008 to oversee its media agencies and enable performance across multiple media platforms.

UM employs over 3,000 employees in its more than 120 offices in over 100 countries worldwide. UM's global headquarters is in New York with six other locations in North America: Dallas, Detroit, Los Angeles, Miami, San Francisco and Toronto. UM has regional offices in Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Europe, Middle East and Africa. UM has created a cluster structure which assembles countries by business similarities rather than by geographical locations. In this structure, there are three main market segments (North America, G14, and World Markets). This approach supports a consistent product across markets, centralizes teams, and reduces operational costs.

## InfoBox

UM
|
|  |
| Company type | Subsidiary |
| Industry | Media agency, advertising agency |
| Headquarters | New York, United States |
| Area served | 96+ countries |
| Key people | Andrea Suarez<br>Global CEO |
| Parent | Interpublic Group |
| Website | www.umww.com |


title: Uromastyx nigriventris

abstract: Uromastyx nigriventris, the Moroccan spiny-tailed lizard, is a species of agamid lizard. It is found in Morocco and Algeria.

text:
# Uromastyx nigriventris

***Uromastyx nigriventris***, the **Moroccan spiny-tailed lizard**, is a species of agamid lizard. It is found in Morocco and Algeria.

## InfoBox

| *Uromastyx nigriventris* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
| CITES Appendix II (CITES) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Suborder: | Iguania |
| Family: | Agamidae |
| Genus: | *Uromastyx* |
| Species: | ***U. nigriventris*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Uromastyx nigriventris***<br>Rothschild & Hartert, 1912 | |
|


title: Uromedina

abstract: Uromedina is a genus of flies in the family Tachinidae.

text:
# Uromedina

***Uromedina*** is a genus of flies in the family Tachinidae.

## Species

## InfoBox

| *Uromedina* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Tachinidae |
| Subfamily: | Exoristinae |
| Tribe: | Blondeliini |
| Genus: | *Uromedina*
Townsend, 1926 |
|
| Type species | |
| *Uromedina caudata*
Townsend, 1926 | |
| Synonyms | |
| *Arrhinodexia* Townsend, 1927 | |


abstract: The Faculty of Health, is one of six faculties at the University of Waterloo in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. It has 183 staff and faculty members and over 2,700 full-time students. The current Dean of the Faculty of Health is Lili Liu. The former Faculty of Applied Health Sciences was officially renamed to the Faculty of Health on January 1, 2021.

text:
# University of Waterloo Faculty of Health

The **Faculty of Health** (formerly Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, commonly abbreviated as "AHS"), is one of six faculties at the University of Waterloo in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. It has 183 staff and faculty members and over 2,700 full-time students. The current Dean of the Faculty of Health is Lili Liu. The former Faculty of Applied Health Sciences was officially renamed to the Faculty of Health on January 1, 2021.

## Academics

The faculty consists of two academic departments and one school:

* Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences
* Department of Recreation and Leisure Studies
* School of Public Health Sciences

All programs offer a 5-year co-op degree and a 4-year honours degree. The School of Public Health Sciences offers a Bachelor of Science or a Bachelor of Public Health, Kinesiology offers a Bachelor of Science, and Recreation and Leisure Studies offers a Bachelor of Arts.

### Kinesiology

Kinesiology was founded as the Department of Physical Education. Their original home was the Physical Activities Complex before moving to B.C. Matthews Hall in the mid-1980s. The department moved away from the physical education side and continued to develop over the following decades. Undergraduates have the opportunity to remain in a general program or pursue concentrations in human nutrition, medical physiology, rehabilitation sciences, and ergonomics and injury prevention.

### School of Public Health Sciences

The School of Public Health Sciences was originally established as the Department of Health Studies and Gerontology, in response to the Lalonde report. The department became the School of Public Health and Health Systems in 2011. It became the School of Public Health Sciences in 2021. At the undergraduate level, the School offers Bachelor of Science in Health Sciences and Bachelor of Public Health degrees. Students have the opportunity to remain in a general program or specialize in gerontology, aging studies, health informatics, pre-clinical, mental health and addictions, and health research. At the graduate level, the School offers a Master of Science in Public Health Sciences, Master of Public Health, Master of Health Informatics, Master of Health Evaluation, Doctor of Philosophy in Public Health Sciences, Doctor of Philosophy in Aging, Health and Well-Being, and a Doctor of Philosophy in Work and Health.

## Research

The Faculty of Health is the faculty at the University of Waterloo with the second-highest amount of research funding per faculty member. The faculty hosts the following research centres and groups:

* Canadian Index of Wellbeing (CIW)
* Centre for Community, Clinical and Applied Research Excellence (CCCARE)
* Centre of Research Expertise for the Prevention of Musculoskeletal Disorders (CRE-MSD)
* Geriatric Health Systems (GHS) Research Group
* Global Health Policy and Innovation Research Centre
* interRAI Canada
* Network for Aging Research (NAR)
* Schlegel-UW Research Institute for Aging

## Student life

Students in the Faculty of Health are represented by the Association of Health Students Undergraduate Members (AHSUM), which hosts social events, represents student interests to the university, and operates student services including an exam bank.

Additionally, all students pay into the Applied Health Sciences Endowment Fund (AHSEF), which funds student projects and improvements to student workspaces.

## Notable alumni

## InfoBox

Faculty of Health
| Former names | Faculty of Applied Health Sciences (AHS) |
| --- | --- |
| Type | Faculty |
| Established | 1967 |
| Affiliation | University of Waterloo |
| Dean | Lili Liu |
| Location | Waterloo, Ontario, Canada |
| Website | uwaterloo.ca/applied-health-sciences |


title: Unkoku Togan

abstract: Unkoku Togan was a Japanese painter. He was born into a privileged family in Nagasaki, the second son of Hara Naoie, lord of Nokomi Castle in Hizen province. Starting as an artist of the Kanō school, Togan's work soon took its inspiration from the style of Sesshu. He painted realistic landscapes, usually ink on paper. He worked under Lord Mori of Yamaguchi Prefecture. Later, he became a Buddhist priest and abbot of Unkoku-an Temple. He died in Yamaguchi.

text:
# Unkoku Togan

**Unkoku Togan** (雲谷 等顔, 15471618) was a Japanese painter.

He was born into a privileged family in Nagasaki, the second son of Hara Naoie, lord of Nokomi Castle in Hizen province.

Starting as an artist of the Kanō school, Togan's work soon took its inspiration from the style of Sesshu. He painted realistic landscapes, usually ink on paper.

He worked under Lord Mori of Yamaguchi Prefecture. Later, he became a Buddhist priest and abbot of Unkoku-an Temple. He died in Yamaguchi.


abstract: The Upper Lake McDonald Ranger Station in Glacier National Park was a formerly isolated site that became an administrative center with the opening of the Going-to-the-Sun Road. The National Park Service Rustic cabin was typical of the preferred style for western park structures of the period. The ranger station is similar to its counterparts at Belly River and Sherburne, as well as the Polebridge Ranger Station residence. The district includes the ranger station, a woodshed, boathouse, garage, cabin, fire cache and a pumphouse. The boathouse burned in the Howe Ridge Fire of 2018 and only the foundation remains. The ranger station itself and other buildings were saved.

text:
# Upper Lake McDonald Ranger Station Historic District

The **Upper Lake McDonald Ranger Station** in Glacier National Park was a formerly isolated site that became an administrative center with the opening of the Going-to-the-Sun Road. The National Park Service Rustic cabin was typical of the preferred style for western park structures of the period. The ranger station is similar to its counterparts at Belly River and Sherburne, as well as the Polebridge Ranger Station residence.

The district includes the ranger station, a woodshed, boathouse, garage, cabin, fire cache and a pumphouse.

The boathouse burned in the Howe Ridge Fire of 2018 and only the foundation remains. The ranger station itself and other buildings were saved.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Upper Lake McDonald Ranger Station Historic District | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| U.S. Historic district | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Nearest city | West Glacier, Montana |
| Coordinates | 48°38′23″N 113°52′21″W / 48.63972°N 113.87250°W / 48.63972; -113.87250 |
| Built | 1924 |
| Architect | Austin Weikert, Asa Powell |
| MPS | Glacier National Park MRA |
| NRHP reference No. | 86003699 |
| Added to NRHP | December 16, 1986 |


title: Upper La Tante

abstract: Upper La Tante is a town in Saint David Parish, Grenada. It is located towards the southern end of the island.

text:
# Upper La Tante

**Upper La Tante** is a town in Saint David Parish, Grenada. It is located towards the southern end of the island.

## InfoBox

| Upper La Tante | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Upper La TanteLocation within Grenada | |
| Coordinates: 12°03′N 61°39′W / 12.050°N 61.650°W / 12.050; -61.650 | |
| Country | Grenada |
| Parish | Saint David |
| Elevation | 108 ft (33 m) |
| Time zone | UTC-4 |


title: Unmusan

abstract: Unmusan is a mountain in the county of Hoengseong, Gangwon-do in South Korea. It has an elevation of 980.3 m (3,216 ft).

text:
# Unmusan

**Unmusan** is a mountain in the county of Hoengseong, Gangwon-do in South Korea. It has an elevation of 980.3 m (3,216 ft).

* An Gyeong-ho (2007). *한국 300 명산 (300 Korean Mountains)*. Seoul: 깊은솔 (Gipeunsol). ISBN 978-89-89917-21-2.

## InfoBox

| Unmusan | |
| --- | --- |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 980.3 m (3,216 ft) |
| Geography | |
| Location | South Korea |
|  | |
| Korean name | |
| Hangul | 운무산 |
| Hanja |  |
| Revised Romanization | *Unmusan* |
| McCune–Reischauer | *Unmusan* |
|  | |


title: Unn Sawali

abstract: Unn Sawali is a 2024 Indian Marathi-language romantic film featuring Bhushan Pradhan and Shivani Surve in the leading roles. The film is produced by Sameer A Shaikh under the banner of Ticket Window Pictures.

text:
# Unn Sawali

***Unn Sawali*** (transl.Sun Shade) is a 2024 Indian Marathi-language romantic film featuring Bhushan Pradhan and Shivani Surve in the leading roles. The film is produced by Sameer A Shaikh under the banner of Ticket Window Pictures.

## Synopsis

The film narrates the love story of Pranay and Anvi. Pranay portrayed by Bhushan Pradhan is initially reluctant to get married while Anvi played by Shivani Surve does not want to marry at all. However, both agree to marriage to honor their parents' wishes. The story takes a captivating turn when Pranay falls in love with Anvi at first sight, but Anvi continues to resist setting the stage for a compelling romantic drama.

## Cast

* Bhushan Pradhan as Pranay
* Shivani Surve as Aanvi
* Ajinkya Nanaware as Vinay
* Raj Sarnagat as Aditya
* Ankita Bhoir as Swati Ma'am
* Vikas Hande as Pranay's father
* Shweta Kamat as Pranay's Mother
* Priya Tuljapurkar as Avni's Mother
* Manali Nikam as Pranay's Assistant

## Productions

The film is produced by Sameer A Shaikh directed by Diwakar Naaik with a story by Abhay Vardhan. The music is composed by Sarthak Nakul. *Unn Sawali* hit theaters on 15 March 2024.

## InfoBox

| Unn Sawali | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | Diwakar Naaik |
| Screenplay by | Diwakar Naaik and Abhay Vardhan |
| Story by | Abhay Vardhan |
| Produced by | Sameer A Shaikh |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Fasahat Khan |
| Edited by | Jitendra K. Shah |
| Music by | Sarthak Nakul |
| Production<br>company | Ticket Window Pictures |
| Distributed by | Manoj Nandwana, Jai Viratra Entertainment Limited |
| Release date | * 15 March 2024 (2024-03-15) |
| Country | India |
| Language | Marathi |