title: Please Vote for Me

abstract: Please Vote for Me is a 2007 documentary film following the elections for class monitor in a 3rd grade class of eight-year-old children in the Evergreen Primary School in Wuhan, China. The candidates, Luo Lei, Xu Xiaofei, and Cheng Cheng, compete against each other for the coveted role and are egged on by their teachers and doting parents. This was reported to be an interesting use of classic democratic voting principles and interpersonal dynamics. The documentary gives a glimpse into China's contemporary urban middle classes. It won the Sterling Feature Award at Silverdocs in 2007. In November 2007, Please Vote for Me was named by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences as one of 15 films on its documentary feature Oscar shortlist. The list was narrowed to five films on January 22, 2008, but Please Vote for Me did not make it to the final five. The film is part of the "Why Democracy?" series. It was aired in no less than 35 different countries around the world in October 2007, including BBC in the UK and PBS in the United States.

text:
# Please Vote for Me

***Please Vote for Me*** (Chinese: 请投我一票; pinyin: *Qǐng tóu wǒ yī piào*) is a 2007 documentary film following the elections for class monitor in a 3rd grade class of eight-year-old children in the Evergreen Primary School in Wuhan, China. The candidates, Luo Lei, Xu Xiaofei, and Cheng Cheng, compete against each other for the coveted role and are egged on by their teachers and doting parents. This was reported to be an interesting use of classic democratic voting principles and interpersonal dynamics.

The documentary gives a glimpse into China's contemporary urban middle classes. It won the Sterling Feature Award at Silverdocs in 2007. In November 2007, *Please Vote for Me* was named by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences as one of 15 films on its documentary feature Oscar shortlist. The list was narrowed to five films on January 22, 2008, but *Please Vote for Me* did not make it to the final five.

The film is part of the "Why Democracy?" series. It was aired in no less than 35 different countries around the world in October 2007, including BBC in the UK and PBS (as part of *Independent Lens*) in the United States.

## Plot

An experiment in democracy is taking place in Wuhan, China. For the first time ever, the students in grade three at Evergreen Primary School in Wuhan, China have been asked to elect a class monitor. Traditionally appointed by the teacher, the class monitor holds a powerful position, helping to control the students, keeping them on task and doling out punishment to those who disobey. The teacher has chosen three candidates: Luo Lei (a boy), the current class monitor; Cheng Cheng (a boy); and Xu Xiaofei (a girl). Each candidate is asked to choose two assistants to help with his or her campaign.

To prove their worthiness, the candidates must perform in three events. First is a talent show, where each candidate plays an instrument or sings a song. Second is a debate, in which the candidates bring up the shortcomings of their opponents as well as their own personal qualifications. And finally, each candidate must deliver a speech, an opportunity to appeal directly to classmates and ask for their votes.

At home, each of the children is coached by his or her parents and pushed to practice and memorize for each stage of the campaign. Although their parents are supportive, the candidates feel the pressure. Tears and the occasional angry outburst reveal the emotional impact. At school, the candidates talk to classmates one-on-one, making promises, planning tactics (including negative ones) and at times expressing doubts about their own candidacies.

For all three children, the campaign takes its toll, especially for the losing candidates and their assistants. Viewers are left to decide if the experiment in democracy has been “successful” and what it might mean for democracy education in China. PLEASE VOTE FOR ME challenges those committed to China’s democratization to consider the feasibility of, and processes involved in its implementation.

1. cf. Catalani review of the film in The Asian Reporter
2. "Shortlist for docu Oscar unveiled". The Hollywood Reporter. November 20, 2007. Archived from the original on July 5, 2008. Retrieved December 21, 2007.

## Bibliography

## InfoBox

| Please Vote for Me | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Weijun Chen |
| Produced by | Don Edkins |
| Edited by | Jean Tsien |
| Production<br>company | Steps International |
| Distributed by | First Run Features |
| Release date | * September 6, 2007 (2007-09-06) (Toronto International Film Festival) |
| Running time | 58 minutes |
| Country | China |
| Language | Mandarin |


title: Prabhachiwadi

abstract: Prabhachiwadi is a village in India, situated in the Mawal taluka of Pune district in the state of Maharashtra. It encompasses an area of 141.05 ha.

text:
# Prabhachiwadi

**Prabhachiwadi** is a village in India, situated in the Mawal taluka of Pune district in the state of Maharashtra. It encompasses an area of 141.05 ha (349 acres).

## Administration

The village is administrated by a sarpanch, an elected representative who leads a gram panchayat. At the time of the 2011 Census of India, the gram panchayat governed five villages and was based at Mahagaon.

## Demography

According to the 2011 census, the population was 447, split between 238 males and 209 females. There were 59 children with an age group from 0-6, which made up 13.20% of the total population. The Average Sex Ratio was 878 per 1000 males and the Child Sex Ratio was 735. The literacy rate was 70.10%, with the male rate being 81.37% and the female standing at 57.61%. This village had 79 households.

## InfoBox

| Prabhachiwadi | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| PrabhachiwadiLocation in Maharashtra, IndiaPrabhachiwadiPrabhachiwadi (India) | |
| Coordinates: 18°31′14″N 73°51′24″E / 18.5204303°N 73.8567437°E / 18.5204303; 73.8567437 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Maharashtra |
| District | Pune |
| Tehsil | Mawal |
| Government | |
| Type | Panchayati Raj |
| Body | Gram panchayat |
| Area | |
| Total | 141.05 ha (348.54 acres) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 447 |
| Density | 320/km2 (820/sq mi) |
|  | Sex ratio 238 / 209 / |
| Languages | |
| Official | Marathi |
| Other spoken | Hindi |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| Pin code | 410406 |
| Telephone code | 02114 |
| ISO 3166 code | IN-MH |
| Vehicle registration | MH-14 |
| Website | pune.nic.in |


title: WWA World Tag Team Championship

abstract: The WWA World Tag Team Championship was the primary tag team title in the Indianapolis-based World Wrestling Association from the promotion's formation in 1964 until the late 1980s when the promotion closed.

text:
# WWA World Tag Team Championship

The **WWA World Tag Team Championship** was the primary tag team title in the Indianapolis-based World Wrestling Association from the promotion's formation in 1964 until the late 1980s when the promotion closed.

## Title history

Key
| No. | Overall reign number |
| --- | --- |
| Reign | Reign number for the specific team—reign numbers for the individuals are in parentheses, if different |
| Days | Number of days held |

| No. | Champion | Championship change | | | Reign statistics | | Notes | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Date | Event | Location | Reign | Days | | |
| 1 | Wilbur Snyder and Dick the Bruiser | April 25, 1964 | WWA show | N/A | 1 | 97 | First champions. |  |
| 2 | Nicoli Volkoff and Angelo Poffo | July 31, 1964 | WWA show | N/A | 1 | 35 | Won the title via countout. |  |
| 3 | Wilbur Snyder and Dick the Bruiser | September 4, 1964 | WWA show | Indianapolis, Indiana | 2 | N/A |  |  |
| 4 | The Von Brauners
(Kurt Von Brauner and Karl Von Brauner) | October 1964 | WWA show | Memphis, Tennessee | 1 | N/A |  |  |
| 5 | Nicoli Volkoff (2) and Boris Volkoff | May 17, 1965 | WWA show | Memphis, Tennessee | 1 | 61 |  |  |
| 6 | The Assassins
(Guy Mitchell and Joe Tomasso) | July 17, 1965 | WWA show | Indianapolis, Indiana | 1 | 161 |  |  |
| 7 | Wilbur Snyder (3) and Moose Cholak | December 25, 1965 | WWA show | Indianapolis, Indiana | 1 | 68 |  |  |
| 8 | The Assassins
(Guy Mitchell and Joe Tomasso) | March 3, 1966 | WWA show | Fort Wayne, Indiana | 2 | 100 | Lose to Verne Gagne and Wilbur Snyder on March 26, 1966 in Chicago, Illinois but continue to be recognized in other WWA towns (WWA started working with AWA and AWA titles are recognized in Chicago thereafter). |  |
| 9 | Wilbur Snyder (4) and Dick the Bruiser | June 11, 1966 | WWA show | Indianapolis, Indiana | 3 | 14 |  |  |
| 10 | The Assassins
(Guy Mitchell and Joe Tomasso) | June 25, 1966 | WWA show | Indianapolis, Indiana | 3 | 28 |  |  |
| 11 | Wilbur Snyder (5) and Luis Martínez | July 23, 1966 | WWA show | Indianapolis, Indiana | 1 | N/A |  |  |
| 12 | Devil's Duo
(Angelo Poffo (2) and Chris Markoff) | September 1966 | WWA show | Lafayette, Indiana | 1 | N/A | Sometime after September 3, 1966. |  |
| 13 | Dick the Bruiser (4) and The Crusher | January 21, 1967 | WWA show | Indianapolis, Indiana | 1 | 28 |  |  |
| 14 | Devil's Duo
(Angelo Poffo (3) and Chris Markoff) | February 18, 1967 | WWA show | Indianapolis, Indiana | 2 | 147 |  |  |
| 15 | Dick the Bruiser (5) and The Crusher (2) | July 15, 1967 | WWA show | Indianapolis, Indiana | 2 | 90 |  |  |
| 16 | Mitsu Arakawa and Dr. Moto | October 13, 1967 | WWA show | Indianapolis, Indiana | 1 | 246 |  |  |
|  | Vacated | June 15, 1968 |  | Indianapolis, Indiana |  |  | After a match against Dick the Bruiser and the Crusher. |  |
| 17 | Mitsu Arakawa and Dr. Moto | July 26, 1968 | WWA show | Indianapolis, Indiana | 2 | 51 | Wins a Rematch. |  |
| 18 | Wilbur Snyder (6) and Pat O'Connor | September 15, 1968 | WWA show | Indianapolis, Indiana | 1 | 41 |  |  |
| 19 | Mitsu Arakawa and Dr. Moto | October 26, 1968 | WWA show | Elkhart, Indiana | 3 | 63 |  |  |
| 20 | Dick the Bruiser (6) and The Crusher (3) | December 28, 1968 | WWA show | Chicago, Illinois | 3 | 174 |  |  |
| 21 | Chain Gang
(Jack Dillinger and Frank Dillinger) | June 20, 1969 | WWA show | Indianapolis, Indiana | 1 | 85 |  |  |
|  | Vacated | September 13, 1969 |  | Chicago, Illinois |  |  | After Frank Dillinger is shot. |  |
| 22 | Chain Gang
(Jack Dillinger (2) and Jim Dillinger) | November 27, 1969 | WWA show | Indianapolis, Indiana | 2 | 211 | Defeated Dick the Bruiser and Moose Cholak for the titles. |  |
| 23 | Dick the Bruiser (7) and Bill Miller | June 26, 1970 | WWA show | Indianapolis, Indiana | 1 | 21 |  |  |
| 24 | Fabulous Kangaroos
(Al Costello and Don Kent) | July 17, 1970 | WWA show | Indianapolis, Indiana | 1 | 162 |  |  |
| 25 | Wilbur Snyder (7) and Moose Cholak (2) | December 26, 1970 | WWA show | Indianapolis, Indiana | 2 | 59 |  |  |
|  | Vacated | February 23, 1971 |  | Indianapolis, Indiana |  |  | After a match against Fabulous Kangaroos Al Costello and Don Kent. |  |
| 26 | Wilbur Snyder (8) and Moose Cholak (3) | March 27, 1970 | WWA show | Indianapolis, Indiana | 3 | 448 | Win the rematch. |  |
| 27 | Fabulous Kangaroos
(Al Costello and Don Kent) | June 18, 1971 | WWA show | Indianapolis, Indiana | 2 | 64 |  |  |
| 28 | Wilbur Snyder (9) and Paul Christy | August 21, 1971 | WWA show | Indianapolis, Indiana | 1 | 77 |  |  |
| 29 | The Blackjacks
(Blackjack Lanza and Blackjack Mulligan) | November 6, 1971 | WWA show | Detroit, Michigan | 1 | 399 | Repeated in Indianapolis, Indiana on December 18, 1971. |  |
| 30 | Dick the Bruiser (8) and The Crusher (4) | December 9, 1972 | WWA show | Chicago, Illinois | 4 | 77 | Repeated in Chicago, Illinois on December 9, 1972. |  |
| 31 | Baron Von Raschke and Ernie Ladd | February 24, 1973 | WWA show | Detroit, Michigan | 1 | 147 | Repeated in Indianapolis, Indianapolis on March 7, 1973. |  |
| 32 | Dick the Bruiser (9) and Bruno Sammartino | July 21, 1973 | WWA show | Detroit, Michigan | 1 | N/A |  |  |
|  | Vacated | N/A |  | Indianapolis, Indiana |  |  | After a match between champions Raschke and Ladd and Bruiser and Sammartino. On September 22, 1973 in Indianapolis, Indiana Dick The Bruiser defeats Raschke and Ladd on September for himself and Sammartino. |  |
| 33 | Jimmy and Johnny Valiant | January 5, 1974 | WWA show | Indianapolis, Indiana | 1 | 20 |  |  |
|  | Vacated | January 25, 1974 |  |  |  |  | After a match against Dick the Bruiser and Bruno Sammartino. |  |
| 34 | Jimmy and Johnny Valiant | February 7, 1974 | WWA show | Indianapolis, Indiana | 2 | 86 | Defeat Bruiser and Sammartino in rematch. |  |
| 35 | Wilbur Snyder (10) and Pepper Gomez | May 4, 1974 | WWA show | Indianapolis, Indiana | 1 | 140 |  |  |
| 36 | Legionnaires
(Sgt. Jacques Goulet and Pvt. Don Fargo) | September 21, 1974 | WWA show | Indianapolis, Indiana | 1 | N/A |  |  |
| 37 | The New Legionnaires
(Sgt. Jacques Goulet (2) and Soldier Zarinoff Lebeouf) | April 1975 | WWA show | N/A | 1 | N/A |  |  |
| 38 | Dick the Bruiser (10) and The Crusher (5) | September 20, 1975 | WWA show | Indianapolis, Indiana | 5 | 175 |  |  |
| 39 | Ox Baker and Chuck O'Connor | March 13, 1976 | WWA show | Indianapolis, Indiana | 1 | 49 |  |  |
| 40 | Dick the Bruiser (11) and The Crusher (6) | May 1, 1976 | WWA show | Indianapolis, Indiana | 6 | 105 |  |  |
| 41 | Bounty Hunters
(David Novak and Jerry Novak) | August 14, 1976 | WWA show | Indianapolis, Indiana | 1 | 182 |  |  |
| 42 | Moose Cholak (3) and Paul Christy (2) | February 12, 1977 | WWA show | Indianapolis, Indiana | 1 | 126 |  |  |
| 43 | Jimmy and Johnny Valiant | June 18, 1977 | WWA show | Indianapolis, Indiana | 3 | 259 |  |  |
| 44 | Wilbur Snyder (11) and Dominic Denucci | March 4, 1978 | WWA show | Indianapolis, Indiana | 1 | 140 |  |  |
| 45 | Jimmy and Johnny Valiant | July 22, 1978 | WWA show | Indianapolis, Indiana | 4 | 133 |  |  |
| 46 | Wilbur Snyder (12) and Pepper Gomez (2) | December 2, 1978 | WWA show | Indianapolis, Indiana | 2 | 120 |  |  |
| 47 | Roger Kirby and Igor Volkoff | April 1, 1979 | WWA show | Indianapolis, Indiana | 1 | N/A |  |  |
|  | Vacated | May 1979 |  |  |  |  | When Volkoff leaves the area. |  |
| 48 | Roger Kirby (2) and Paul Christy (3) | June 9, 1979 | WWA show | Indianapolis, Indiana | 1 | 120 |  |  |
| 49 | Dick the Bruiser (12) and Spike Huber | October 7, 1979 | WWA show | Indianapolis, Indiana | 1 | 203 |  |  |
| 50 | Roger Kirby (3) and Jerry Valiant (Guy Mitchell) (4) | April 27, 1980 | WWA show | Indianapolis, Indiana | 1 | 111 |  |  |
| 51 | Wilbur Snyder (13) and Spike Huber (2) | August 16, 1980 | WWA show | Indianapolis, Indiana | 1 | 301 |  |  |
| 52 | Kelly Twins
(Pat and Mike Kelly) | June 13, 1981 | WWA show | Indianapolis, Indiana | 1 | 234 |  |  |
| 53 | Wilbur Snyder (14) and Spike Huber (3) | February 2, 1982 | WWA show | Peoria, Illinois | 2 | 88 |  |  |
|  | Vacated | May 1, 1982 |  | Springfield, Illinois |  |  | After a match against Sheik Ali Hassan and Abdullah the Great. |  |
| 54 | Sheik Ali Hassan and Abdullah the Great | June 5, 1982 | WWA show | Indianapolis, Indiana | 1 | N/A | Win the rematch. |  |
| 55 | Spike Huber (4) and Steve Regal | July 1982 | WWA show | Peoria, Illinois | 1 | N/A |  |  |
| 56 | New York Dolls
(Rick McGraw and Dream Machine) | September 25, 1982 | WWA show | Memphis, Tennessee | 1 | N/A |  |  |
| 57 | Spike Huber (5) and Steve Regal (2) | December 1982 | WWA show | N/A | 2 | N/A | Awarded when the working agreement between WWA and CWA ends. |  |
| 58 | Jerry Valiant (5) and Abdullah the Great (2) | June 1983 | WWA show | N/A | 1 | N/A |  |  |
| 59 | Dick the Bruiser (13) and Jeff Van Kamp | January 7, 1984 | WWA show | Indianapolis, Indiana | 1 | N/A |  |  |
| 60 | Wild Warriors
(Mad Maxx and Super Maxx) | September 1984 | WWA show | N/A | 1 | N/A |  |  |
| 61 | Dick the Bruiser (14) and Bobby Colt | March 1985 | WWA show | N/A | 1 | N/A |  |  |
| 62 | Wild Hoggs
(J.R. Hogg and King Harley Hogg) | March 1985 | WWA show | N/A | 1 | N/A |  |  |
| 63 | Chris Carter and Stormy Granzig | July 1985 | WWA show | N/A | 1 | N/A |  |  |
| 64 | Don Kent (3) and Jerry Graham, Jr. | July 1985 | WWA show | N/A | 1 | N/A |  |  |
| 65 | Chris Carter (2) and Bobo Brazil | N/A | WWA show | N/A | 1 | N/A |  |  |
| 66 | Don Kent (4) and Jerry Graham, Jr. (2) | N/A | WWA show | N/A | 2 | N/A |  |  |
| 67 | Chris Carter (3) and Calypso Jim | 1986 | WWA show | N/A | 1 | N/A |  |  |
| 68 | Polynesian Wildman and Prince Mama Mohammad | 1986 | WWA show | N/A | 1 | N/A |  |  |
|  | Vacated | N/A |  |  |  |  | When Mohammad was injured by Dick the Bruiser. |  |
| 69 | Chris Carter (4) and Denny Kass | 1986 | WWA show | N/A | 1 | N/A | Defeated Polynesian Wildman and Golden Lion for the title. |  |
| *Championship history is unrecorded from to .* | | | | | | | | | | |
| 71 | Chris Carter (5) and Mohammad Saad | N/A | WWA show | N/A | 1 | N/A |  |  |
| 72 | Scott Rechsteiner and Jerry Graham, Jr. (3) | October 4, 1987 | WWA show | N/A | 1 | 63 |  |  |
| 73 | Don Kent (5) and Chris Carter (6) | December 6, 1987 | WWA show | Toledo, Ohio | 1 | N/A |  |  |
|  | Vacated | December 1987 |  |  |  |  | When Kent and Carter split. |  |
| 74 | Chris Carter (7) and Calypso Jim (2) | February 14, 1988 | WWA show | Toledo, Ohio | 2 | 62 | Defeated Don Kent and Jerry Graham, Jr. for the title. |  |
| 75 | Motor City Hitmen
(Al Snow and Mikey Doyle) | April 16, 1988 | WWA show | Toledo, Ohio | 1 | N/A |  |  |
| 76 | Dick the Bruiser (15) and Calypso Jim (3) | 1989 | WWA show | N/A | 1 | N/A |  |  |
| 77 | The Golden Lion and The Russian Brute | May 21, 1989 | WWA show | Fort Wayne, Indiana | 1 | N/A | Defeated Dick The Bruiser and Calypso Jim. |  |
|  |  | N/A | WWA show |  |  | N/A |  |  |

## InfoBox

| WWA World Tag Team Championship | |
| --- | --- |
| Details | |
| Promotion | World Wrestling Association |
| Date established | 1964 |
| Date retired | 1989 |
| Statistics  Most reigns (As a Tag Team) Dick the Bruiser and The Crusher (6 reigns) (As Individual) Dick the Bruiser (15 reigns)  Longest reign Golden Lion and The Russian Brute (903 days) | |


title: Lola (computing)

abstract: Lola is designed to be a simple hardware description language for describing synchronous, digital circuits. Niklaus Wirth developed the language to teach digital design on field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) to computer science students while a professor at ETH Zurich. The purpose of Lola is to statically describe the structure and function of hardware components and of the connections between them. A Lola text is composed of declarations and statements. It describes digital electronics hardware on the logic gate level in the form of signal assignments. Signals are combined using operators and assigned to other signals. Signals and the respective assignments can be grouped together into data types. An instance of a type is a hardware component. Types can be composed of instances of other types, thereby supporting a hierarchical design style and they can be generic, e.g., parametrizable with the word width of a circuit. All of the concepts mentioned above are demonstrated in the following example of a circuit for adding binary data. First, a fundamental building block is defined, then this Cell is used to declare a cascade of word-width 8, and finally the Cells are connected to each other. The MODULE Adder defined in this example can serve as a building block on a higher level of the design hierarchy. Wirth describes Lola from a user's perspective in his book Digital Circuit Design. A complementary view on the details of the Lola compiler's implementation can be found in Wirth's technical report Lola System Notes. An overview of the whole system of tools for digital design is the technical report Tools for Digital Circuit Design using FPGAs.

text:
# Lola (computing)

**Lola** is designed to be a simple hardware description language for describing synchronous, digital circuits. Niklaus Wirth developed the language to teach digital design on field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) to computer science students while a professor at ETH Zurich.

The purpose of Lola is to statically describe the structure and function of hardware components and of the connections between them. A Lola text is composed of declarations and statements. It describes digital electronics hardware on the logic gate level in the form of signal assignments. Signals are combined using operators and assigned to other signals. Signals and the respective assignments can be grouped together into data types. An instance of a type is a hardware component. Types can be composed of instances of other types, thereby supporting a hierarchical design style and they can be generic, e.g., parametrizable with the word width of a circuit.

All of the concepts mentioned above are demonstrated in the following example of a circuit for adding binary data. First, a fundamental building block (TYPE Cell) is defined, then this Cell is used to declare a cascade of word-width 8, and finally the Cells are connected to each other. The MODULE Adder defined in this example can serve as a building block on a higher level of the design hierarchy.

```
MODULE Adder;

TYPE Cell; (* Composite Type *)
  IN x,y,ci:BIT; (* input signals *)
  OUT z,co:BIT; (* output signals *)
BEGIN
  z:=x-y-ci;
  co:=x*y+x*ci+y*ci;
END Cell;

CONST N:=8;
IN X,Y:[N]BIT; ci:BIT; (* input signals *)
OUT Z:[N]BIT; co:BIT; (* output signals *)
VAR S:[N]Cell; (* composite type instances *)
BEGIN
  S.0(X.0, Y.0, ci); (* inputs in cell 0 *)
  FOR i:=1..N-1 DO
    S.i(X.i,Y.i,S[i-1].co); (* inputs in cell i *)
  END;
  FOR i:=0..N-1 DO
    Z.i:=S.i.z;
END;
  co:=S.7.co;
END Adder.

```

Wirth describes Lola from a user's perspective in his book *Digital Circuit Design*. A complementary view on the details of the Lola compiler's implementation can be found in Wirth's technical report *Lola System Notes*. An overview of the whole system of tools for digital design is the technical report *Tools for Digital Circuit Design using FPGAs* (containing a copy of the report on the language Lola *Lola: An Object-Oriented Logic Description Language*).

## InfoBox

Lola
| Paradigms | Multi-paradigm: procedural, imperative, structured, object-oriented |
| --- | --- |
| Family | Wirth Oberon |
| Designed by | Niklaus Wirth |
| Developer | ETH Zurich |
| First appeared | June 1995 (1995-06) |
| Typing discipline | Static, strong |
| Scope | Lexical (static) |
| Implementation language | Oberon |
| Influenced by | |
| ALGOL, Pascal, Modula | |


title: Maggie Moore

abstract: Maggie Moore was an American-Australian actress born as Margaret Virginia Sullivan. Moore met and married theatre impresario J. C. Williamson in the U.S. and became popular as an actress in their production of Struck Oil, which premiered in 1873 and was revived many times. Soon after their marriage, they took the play on a tour of Australia. It was such a success that they stayed there, where he founded the most successful theatrical company in Australia, and she became a leading actress. Moore was also successful in Williamson's Gilbert and Sullivan operas, other operetta productions, and other stage pieces. She continued a busy acting career in Australia and on tour worldwide, ending her marriage with Williamson and later marrying actor Harry R. Roberts. She retired in 1925 and moved to San Francisco.

text:
# Maggie Moore

**Maggie Moore** (April 10, 1851 – March 15, 1926) was an American-Australian actress born as **Margaret Virginia Sullivan**.

Moore met and married theatre impresario J. C. Williamson in the U.S. and became popular as an actress in their production of *Struck Oil*, which premiered in 1873 and was revived many times. Soon after their marriage, they took the play on a tour of Australia. It was such a success that they stayed there, where he founded the most successful theatrical company in Australia, and she became a leading actress.

Moore was also successful in Williamson's Gilbert and Sullivan operas, other operetta productions, and other stage pieces. She continued a busy acting career in Australia and on tour worldwide, ending her marriage with Williamson and later marrying actor Harry R. Roberts. She retired in 1925 and moved to San Francisco.

## Life and career

Sullivan was born in San Francisco, California, in 1851 to Irish parents; her father, who died when she was eight years old, was from Dublin, and her mother was from Galway. She had seven siblings: six sisters and one brother, some of whom also appeared on the stage. She began her theatrical career at an early age and married J. C. Williamson, with whom she came to Australia in 1874. They opened in Melbourne on 1 August in the comic play *Struck Oil* and were immediately successful. Some weeks later they went to Sydney and, after touring Australia, to India. In 1876 *Struck Oil* played for 100 nights at the Adelphi Theatre in London and was followed for a similar period by *Arrah-na-Pogue*, with Williamson as Shaun and his wife as Arrah. Other appearances were made in the provinces, and a successful visit was then paid to the United States.

In 1879 they were again in Australia, and Moore began playing in Gilbert and Sullivan operas. Her voice was not large, but she knew how to use it, and on occasion she took the parts of Josephine and Buttercup in *H.M.S. Pinafore*, Mabel and Ruth in *The Pirates of Penzance* and once, when the actress chosen could not appear, Katisha in *The Mikado*. In *Patience*, her part was Lady Jane. Possibly her best part in opera was Bettina, in Edmond Audran's *La Mascotte*.

She was versatile, and after her husband had become a member of the firm of Williamson Garner and Musgrove and had practically given up acting, she appeared in sensational drama. In the late 1880s and early 1890s she was keeping alive with her vivacity and humour such parts as Biddy Roonan in *The Shadows of a Great City* in 1886, and Meg in *Meg the Castaway* in 1890. She visited her parents in San Francisco about this time and played at a benefit in *Nan the Good-for-Nothing*. Returning to Australia she was in various revivals of *Struck Oil* with John F. Forde as John Stofel. She left her husband in the early 1890s, and they divorced by the close of the century.

Shortly after she married for the second time in 1902, to Harry R. Roberts, she toured Australia (July 1902 to July 1903), New Zealand (July to November 1903) and then Australia again (December 1903 to July 1904), with a repertoire of comedies and comedic melodramas, including *Struck Oil*. She left Australia for the United States via England, and until 1908 travelled in the United States and Great Britain. In London she appeared with George Graves and Billie Burke, among others. Back in Australia she played a starring season between 1908 and 1912, occasionally reviving *Struck Oil* with her husband as John Stofel and making a film of the same name, which was released in October 1919.

In 1915 she returned to the Royal Comic Opera Company, and for some years played smaller parts with finish and distinction. In 1918 she played the character of Mrs. Karl Pfeiffer in *Friendly Enemies*, and it has been said of her that "she imbued the character with a dignity and gentle pathos which crowned her long career with fresh laurels". At this time, when not touring, her home was a cottage called "Francisco" in Rose Bay, Sydney, where she kept a number of animals. In 1920 she played in the "mystery musical comedy" *F.F.F.*, which toured in Australia. In 1920–21, she played Mahbubah in the first Australian production of *Chu Chin Chow* alongside C. H. Workman. She played Lizzie Stofel as her last stage performance in 1924. That year, she celebrated the fiftieth anniversary of her first appearance in Australia, and in 1925 retired to California to live with her sister, Mrs Comstock. There she was offered an engagement in *Lightnin'* with J. D. O'Hara, but she did not accept it.

Moore died at San Francisco after having an operation to remove her leg, following a cable car accident on March 15, 1926, aged 74. Her second husband predeceased her. She was interred at Holy Cross Cemetery in Colma, California.

## Sources

## InfoBox

| Maggie Moore | |
| --- | --- |
| Maggie Moore in the 1870s | |
| Born | Margaret Virginia Sullivan
April 10, 1851
San Francisco, California, United States |
| Died | March 15, 1926 (aged 74)
San Francisco, California, United States |
| Occupation(s) | Actress, opera singer |
| Years active | 1873-1925 |
| Spouse(s) | J. C. Williamson (married 1873 - divorced 1899)
Harry R. Roberts (married 1902 - 1924 husband's death) |


title: Fatima College, Madurai

abstract: Fatima College, Madurai, is a women's general degree college located in Madurai, Tamil Nadu. It was established in the year 1953. The college is affiliated with Madurai Kamaraj University. This college offers different courses in arts, commerce and science.

text:
# Fatima College, Madurai

**Fatima College, Madurai**, is a women's general degree college located in Madurai, Tamil Nadu. It was established in the year 1953. The college is affiliated with Madurai Kamaraj University. This college offers different courses in arts, commerce and science.

## Departments

### Science

* Zoology
* physics
* Chemistry
* Mathematics
* Computer Science
* Home Science with Food Biotechnology
* Information Technology

### Arts and Commerce

* Tamil
* English
* History
* Economics
* Sociology
* Social Work
* Commerce

## Accreditation

The college is recognized by the University Grants Commission (UGC).

## InfoBox

Fatima College, Madurai
| Type | Public |
| --- | --- |
| Established | 1953 |
| Location | Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India<br>9°56′57″N 78°05′44″E / 9.9490934°N 78.0954558°E / 9.9490934; 78.0954558 |
| Campus | Urban |
| Affiliations | Madurai Kamaraj University |
| Website | http://fatimacollegemdu.org/ |


title: The New Breed (album)

abstract: The New Breed is the second solo studio album by American hip hop recording artist and producer MC Breed from Flint, Michigan. It was released on April 27, 1993 via Wrap Records with distribution by Ichiban Records. Production was handled by MC Breed, Colin Wolfe, Warren G and The D.O.C. It features guest appearances from 2Pac, DFC, Jibri, Admiral D and Black Ceasar. The New Breed found decent success, making it to #156 on the Billboard 200 and #16 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart in the United States. The album spawned three singles: "Gotta Get Mine", "Tight" and "Everyday Ho"/"Flashbacks". Its lead single, "Gotta Get Mine", reached #96 on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart, #61 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart, #6 on the Hot Rap Songs chart, and appeared in 2002 film 8 Mile. Another single, "Tight", made it to #19 on the Hot Rap Songs chart.

text:
# The New Breed (album)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *The Source* |  |

***The New Breed*** is the second solo studio album by American hip hop recording artist and producer MC Breed from Flint, Michigan. It was released on April 27, 1993 via Wrap Records with distribution by Ichiban Records. Production was handled by MC Breed, Colin Wolfe, Warren G and The D.O.C. It features guest appearances from 2Pac, DFC, Jibri, Admiral D and Black Ceasar. *The New Breed* found decent success, making it to #156 on the *Billboard* 200 and #16 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart in the United States. The album spawned three singles: "Gotta Get Mine", "Tight" and "Everyday Ho"/"Flashbacks". Its lead single, "Gotta Get Mine", reached #96 on the *Billboard* Hot 100 singles chart, #61 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart, #6 on the Hot Rap Songs chart, and appeared in 2002 film *8 Mile*. Another single, "Tight", made it to #19 on the Hot Rap Songs chart.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Producer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Intro" (featuring Jibri) |  | 2:59 |
| 2. | "Tight" |  | 5:06 |
| 3. | "Gotta Get Mine" (featuring 2Pac) |  | 4:22 |
| 4. | "Flashbacks" (featuring T-Dub of DFC) | * MC Breed * Colin Wolfe | 4:30 |
| 5. | "Comin' Real Again" (featuring 2Pac) | * MC Breed * Colin Wolfe * Warren G | 3:44 |
| 6. | "Just Another Clip" | * MC Breed * Colin Wolfe | 3:20 |
| 7. | "Watch Your Own Back" (featuring Admiral D, Black Ceasar & Jibri) | * MC Breed * Colin Wolfe * Warren G | 3:40 |
| 8. | "Conversations" | * MC Breed * Warren G | 3:38 |
| 9. | "Everyday Ho" | * MC Breed * Colin Wolfe | 3:52 |
| 10. | "Ain't 2 Good" (featuring Al Breed of DFC) | * MC Breed * Colin Wolfe | 4:32 |
| 11. | "Something 2 Smoke 2" | * MC Breed * Colin Wolfe * The D.O.C. | 3:39 |
| 12. | "Outro" | * MC Breed * Colin Wolfe | 2:32 |
| Total length: | | | 45:54 |

## Personnel

* Eric Tyrone Breed – performer, producer
* Tupac Amaru Shakur – performer (tracks: 3, 5)
* Dale Jabrigar – performer (tracks: 1, 7)
* Bobby T. Thompson – performer (track 4)
* Alpha "Al" Breed – performer (track 10)
* Admiral D – performer (track 4)
* Black Ceasar – performer (track 4)
* Colin Wolfe – producer (tracks: 1-7, 9-12)
* Warren Griffin III – producer (tracks: 3, 5, 7-8)
* Tracy Lynn Curry – producer (tracks: 2, 11)

## Charts

| Chart (1993) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| US *Billboard* 200 | 156 |
| US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums (*Billboard*) | 16 |

*MC Breed – The New Breed* at Discogs (list of releases)

## InfoBox

| The New Breed | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by MC Breed | |
| Released | April 27, 1993 |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 45:54 |
| Label |  |
| Producer |  |
| MC Breed chronology | |
| *20 Below*
(1992) ***The New Breed***
(1993) *Funkafied*
(1994) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *The New Breed* | |
| 1. "Gotta Get Mine"
Released: 1993 2. "Tight"
Released: 1993 3. "Everyday Ho/Flashbacks"
Released: 1994 | |
|  | |


title: 1957–58 Manchester United F.C. season

abstract: The 1957–58 season was Manchester United's 56th in the Football League, and their 13th consecutive season in the top division of English football. The season marked the biggest tragedy in the club's history as eight players, three club officials and ten other passengers died as a result of their injuries in the Munich air disaster on 6 February 1958 on their way back from a European Cup quarter-final away to Red Star Belgrade. Centre-half Mark Jones, captain Roger Byrne, full-back Geoff Bent, winger David Pegg, right-half Eddie Colman, inside-right Bill Whelan and centre-forward Tommy Taylor were all killed instantly. Left-half Duncan Edwards was in hospital for two weeks before he too died on 21 February. Winger Johnny Berry and centre-half Jackie Blanchflower were both injured to such an extent that they never played again, while several of the surviving players were unavailable for a considerable amount of time as they recovered from their injuries. Manager Matt Busby was badly injured, and his assistant Jimmy Murphy took charge of the first team until the end of the season as Busby recovered from his injuries. Club secretary Walter Crickmer and coaches Tom Curry and Bert Whalley were all killed in the crash, which claimed a total of 23 lives. Despite the decimation of their squad, a makeshift United side still managed to reach the FA Cup final that season, where they lost to Bolton Wanderers. They also reached the semi-finals of the European Cup. However, their league form suffered after the crash and their title challenge faded as they finished ninth in the final table. With the United squad decimated by death and injuries in the aftermath of the Munich tragedy, a number of younger players broke through into the first team. These included winger Shay Brennan and forward Mark Pearson. Another notable new member of the side was goalkeeper Harry Gregg, signed in December 1957 a few weeks before the Munich crash, and who was hailed a hero for his rescue efforts in the crash. United's top scorer for the season was Dennis Viollet, who found the net 23 times in all competitions and 16 times in the league despite being out of action for some two months as he recovered from injuries sustained in the Munich crash.

text:
# 1957–58 Manchester United F.C. season

The 1957–58 season was Manchester United's 56th in the Football League, and their 13th consecutive season in the top division of English football.

The season marked the biggest tragedy in the club's history as eight players, three club officials and ten other passengers died as a result of their injuries in the Munich air disaster on 6 February 1958 on their way back from a European Cup quarter-final away to Red Star Belgrade. Centre-half Mark Jones, captain Roger Byrne, full-back Geoff Bent, winger David Pegg, right-half Eddie Colman, inside-right Bill Whelan and centre-forward Tommy Taylor were all killed instantly. Left-half Duncan Edwards was in hospital for two weeks before he too died on 21 February.

Winger Johnny Berry and centre-half Jackie Blanchflower were both injured to such an extent that they never played again, while several of the surviving players were unavailable for a considerable amount of time as they recovered from their injuries.

Manager Matt Busby was badly injured, and his assistant Jimmy Murphy (who was not on that fateful flight) took charge of the first team until the end of the season as Busby recovered from his injuries. Club secretary Walter Crickmer and coaches Tom Curry and Bert Whalley were all killed in the crash, which claimed a total of 23 lives.

Despite the decimation of their squad, a makeshift United side still managed to reach the FA Cup final that season, where they lost to Bolton Wanderers. They also reached the semi-finals of the European Cup. However, their league form suffered after the crash and their title challenge faded as they finished ninth in the final table.

With the United squad decimated by death and injuries in the aftermath of the Munich tragedy, a number of younger players broke through into the first team. These included winger Shay Brennan and forward Mark Pearson. Another notable new member of the side was goalkeeper Harry Gregg, signed in December 1957 a few weeks before the Munich crash, and who was hailed a hero for his rescue efforts in the crash.

United's top scorer for the season was Dennis Viollet, who found the net 23 times in all competitions and 16 times in the league despite being out of action for some two months as he recovered from injuries sustained in the Munich crash.

## FA Charity Shield

| Date | Opponents | H / A | Result
F–A | Scorers | Attendance |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 22 October 1957 | Aston Villa | H | 4–0 | T. Taylor (3), Berry | 27,293 |

## First Division

| Date | Opponents | H / A | Result
F–A | Scorers | Attendance |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 24 August 1957 | Leicester City | A | 3–0 | Whelan (3) | 40,214 |
| 28 August 1957 | Everton | H | 3–0 | T. Taylor, Viollet, *own goal* | 59,103 |
| 31 August 1957 | Manchester City | H | 4–1 | Berry, Edwards, T. Taylor, Viollet | 63,347 |
| 4 September 1957 | Everton | A | 3–3 | Berry, Viollet, Whelan | 72,077 |
| 7 September 1957 | Leeds United | H | 5–0 | Berry (2), T. Taylor (2), Viollet | 50,842 |
| 9 September 1957 | Blackpool | A | 4–1 | Viollet (2), Whelan (2) | 34,181 |
| 14 September 1957 | Bolton Wanderers | A | 0–4 |  | 48,003 |
| 18 September 1957 | Blackpool | H | 1–2 | Edwards | 40,763 |
| 21 September 1957 | Arsenal | H | 4–2 | Whelan (2), Pegg, T. Taylor | 47,142 |
| 28 September 1957 | Wolverhampton Wanderers | A | 1–3 | Doherty | 48,825 |
| 5 October 1957 | Aston Villa | H | 4–1 | T. Taylor (2), Pegg, *own goal* | 43,102 |
| 12 October 1957 | Nottingham Forest | A | 2–1 | Viollet, Whelan | 47,654 |
| 19 October 1957 | Portsmouth | H | 0–3 |  | 38,253 |
| 26 October 1957 | West Bromwich Albion | A | 3–4 | T. Taylor (2), Whelan | 52,160 |
| 2 November 1957 | Burnley | H | 1–0 | T. Taylor | 49,449 |
| 9 November 1957 | Preston North End | A | 1–1 | Whelan | 39,063 |
| 16 November 1957 | Sheffield Wednesday | H | 2–1 | Webster (2) | 40,366 |
| 23 November 1957 | Newcastle United | A | 2–1 | Edwards, T. Taylor | 53,890 |
| 30 November 1957 | Tottenham Hotspur | H | 3–4 | Pegg (2), Whelan | 43,077 |
| 7 December 1957 | Birmingham City | H | 3–3 | Viollet (2), T. Taylor | 35,791 |
| 14 December 1957 | Chelsea | H | 0–1 |  | 36,853 |
| 21 December 1957 | Leicester City | H | 4–0 | Viollet (2), Charlton, Scanlon | 41,631 |
| 25 December 1957 | Luton Town | H | 3–0 | Charlton, Edwards, T. Taylor | 39,444 |
| 26 December 1957 | Luton Town | A | 2–2 | Scanlon, T. Taylor | 26,458 |
| 28 December 1957 | Manchester City | A | 2–2 | Charlton, Viollet | 70,483 |
| 11 January 1958 | Leeds United | A | 1–1 | Viollet | 39,401 |
| 18 January 1958 | Bolton Wanderers | H | 7–2 | Charlton (3), Viollet (2), Edwards, Scanlon | 41,141 |
| 1 February 1958 | Arsenal | A | 5–4 | T. Taylor (2), Charlton, Edwards, Viollet | 63,578 |
| 22 February 1958 | Nottingham Forest | H | 1–1 | Dawson | 66,124 |
| 8 March 1958 | West Bromwich Albion | H | 0–4 |  | 63,278 |
| 15 March 1958 | Burnley | A | 0–3 |  | 37,247 |
| 29 March 1958 | Sheffield Wednesday | A | 0–1 |  | 35,608 |
| 31 March 1958 | Aston Villa | A | 2–3 | Dawson, Webster | 16,631 |
| 4 April 1958 | Sunderland | H | 2–2 | Charlton, Dawson | 47,421 |
| 5 April 1958 | Preston North End | H | 0–0 |  | 47,816 |
| 7 April 1958 | Sunderland | A | 2–1 | Webster (2) | 51,302 |
| 12 April 1958 | Tottenham Hotspur | A | 0–1 |  | 59,836 |
| 16 April 1958 | Portsmouth | A | 3–3 | Dawson, E. Taylor, Webster | 39,975 |
| 19 April 1958 | Birmingham City | H | 0–2 |  | 38,991 |
| 21 April 1958 | Wolverhampton Wanderers | H | 0–4 |  | 33,267 |
| 23 April 1958 | Newcastle United | H | 1–1 | Dawson | 28,393 |
| 26 April 1958 | Chelsea | A | 1–2 | E. Taylor | 45,011 |

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GAv | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 7 | Blackpool | 42 | 19 | 6 | 17 | 80 | 67 | 1.194 | 44 |  |
| 8 | Luton Town | 42 | 19 | 6 | 17 | 69 | 63 | 1.095 | | 44 |
| 9 | Manchester United | 42 | 16 | 11 | 15 | 85 | 75 | 1.133 | | 43 |
| 10 | Nottingham Forest | 42 | 16 | 10 | 16 | 69 | 63 | 1.095 | 42 | Qualification for the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup first round |
| 11 | Chelsea | 42 | 15 | 12 | 15 | 83 | 79 | 1.051 | 42 |  |

Source: World Football
Rules for classification: 1) Points; 2) Goal average; 3) Goals scored

## FA Cup

| Date | Round | Opponents | H / A | Result
F–A | Scorers | Attendance |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 4 January 1958 | Round 3 | Workington | A | 3–1 | Viollet (3) | 21,000 |
| 25 January 1958 | Round 4 | Ipswich Town | H | 2–0 | Charlton (2) | 53,550 |
| 19 February 1958 | Round 5 | Sheffield Wednesday | H | 3–0 | Brennan (2), Dawson | 59,848 |
| 1 March 1958 | Round 6 | West Bromwich Albion | A | 2–2 | Dawson, E. Taylor | 58,250 |
| 5 March 1958 | Round 6
Replay | West Bromwich Albion | H | 1–0 | Webster | 60,000 |
| 22 March 1958 | Semi-final | Fulham |  | 2–2 | Charlton (2) | 69,745 |
| 26 March 1958 | Semi-final
Replay | Fulham |  | 5–3 | Dawson (3), Brennan, Charlton | 38,000 |
| 3 May 1958 | Final | Bolton Wanderers |  | 0–2 |  | 100,000 |

## European Cup

| Date | Round | Opponents | H / A | Result
F–A | Scorers | Attendance |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 25 September 1957 | Preliminary round
First leg | Shamrock Rovers | A | 6–0 | T. Taylor (2), Whelan (2), Berry, Pegg | 45,000 |
| 2 October 1957 | Preliminary round
Second leg | Shamrock Rovers | H | 3–2 | Viollet (2), Pegg | 33,754 |
| 20 November 1957 | First round
First leg | Dukla Prague | H | 3–0 | Pegg, T. Taylor, Webster | 60,000 |
| 4 December 1957 | First round
Second leg | Dukla Prague | A | 0–1 |  | 35,000 |
| 14 January 1958 | Quarter-final
First leg | Red Star Belgrade | H | 2–1 | Charlton, Colman | 60,000 |
| 5 February 1958 | Quarter-final
Second leg | Red Star Belgrade | A | 3–3 | Charlton (2), Viollet | 55,000 |
| 8 May 1958 | Semi-final
First leg | Milan | H | 2–1 | E. Taylor, Viollet | 44,880 |
| 14 May 1958 | Semi-final
Second leg | Milan | A | 0–4 |  | 80,000 |

## Squad statistics

| Pos. | Name | League | | FA Cup | | European Cup | | Other | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| GK | David Gaskell | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| GK | Harry Gregg | 19 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 31 | 0 |
| GK | Ray Wood | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 25 | 0 |
| FB | Shay Brennan | 5 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 3 |
| FB | Roger Byrne | 26 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 35 | 0 |
| FB | Bill Foulkes | 42 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 59 | 0 |
| FB | Ian Greaves | 12 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 0 |
| FB | Bobby Harrop | 5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 |
| FB | Tommy Heron | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| FB | Peter Jones | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| HB | Jackie Blanchflower | 18 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 21 | 0 |
| HB | Eddie Colman | 24 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 31 | 1 |
| HB | Ronnie Cope | 13 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 21 | 0 |
| HB | Stan Crowther | 11 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 18 | 0 |
| HB | Duncan Edwards | 26 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 34 | 6 |
| HB | Freddie Goodwin | 16 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 26 | 0 |
| HB | Mark Jones | 10 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 16 | 0 |
| HB | Wilf McGuinness | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 0 |
| FW | Johnny Berry | 20 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 24 | 6 |
| FW | Bobby Charlton | 21 | 8 | 7 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 30 | 16 |
| FW | Alex Dawson | 12 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 18 | 10 |
| FW | John Doherty | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| FW | Kenny Morgans | 13 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19 | 0 |
| FW | Mark Pearson | 8 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 0 |
| FW | David Pegg | 21 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 26 | 7 |
| FW | Albert Scanlon | 9 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 3 |
| FW | Ernie Taylor | 11 | 2 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 19 | 4 |
| FW | Tommy Taylor | 25 | 16 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 34 | 22 |
| FW | Dennis Viollet | 22 | 16 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 32 | 23 |
| FW | Colin Webster | 20 | 6 | 6 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 31 | 8 |
| FW | Billy Whelan | 20 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 24 | 14 |

## Munich air disaster

On 5 February 1958, United played Red Star Belgrade in Yugoslavia, in the second leg of the European Cup quarter finals. The match ended in a 3–3 draw, but as United had already won the home leg 2–1, they won the tie 5–4 on aggregate and reached the semi-finals for the second year in succession.

The team's chartered plane, an Airspeed Ambassador owned by British European Airways, left Belgrade on 6 February and stopped at Munich to refuel. Takeoff had to be aborted twice because of boost surging, a common problem in the "Elizabethan". The problem was caused by the fuel mixture being too rich, which caused the engines to over-accelerate: this problem was exacerbated by the altitude of the Munich airport.

The pilots were able to control the surging on the third takeoff attempt, but as they reached the V1 "decision speed" (after which it is unsafe to abort takeoff), the airspeed suddenly dropped. The aircraft left the runway, crashed through a fence and into a house. The left wing and the tail were ripped off, while the starboard side of the fuselage hit a fuel tank and exploded. Officially, the cause of the accident was build-up of slush on the runway, which caused the aircraft to lose speed, preventing it from achieving takeoff.

Mark Jones, David Pegg, Roger Byrne (United's captain since 1953), Geoff Bent, Eddie Colman, Liam Whelan, and Tommy Taylor were killed outright, in addition to club secretary Walter Crickmer, and coaches Tom Curry and Bert Whalley. Duncan Edwards, Matt Busby, and Johnny Berry were critically injured; Edwards died fifteen days later. Berry and Jackie Blanchflower survived but never played again. Byrne, Taylor and Edwards were all regular members of the England team, with 70 caps and 21 goals between them, while Pegg, Whelan, Berry and Blanchflower had all received full international recognition for England, the Republic of Ireland or Northern Ireland.

A total of 23 people died as a result of their injuries; among them were four other passengers and two of the crew, as were eight sportswriters including former Manchester City and England goalkeeper Frank Swift. Among the survivors were goalkeeper Harry Gregg, who had only just joined the club from Doncaster Rovers, full-back Bill Foulkes and forward Bobby Charlton.

## InfoBox

Manchester United
| 1957–58 season | |
| --- | --- |
| The Manchester United season squad prior to the Munich air disaster | |
| Chairman | Harold Hardman |
| Manager | Matt Busby
(on convalescent leave from 7 February)
Jimmy Murphy
(acting manager from 7 February) |
| First Division | 9th |
| FA Cup | Runners-up |
| European Cup | Semi-finals |
| Charity Shield | **Winners** |
| Top goalscorer | League:
Dennis Viollet (16)
Tommy Taylor (16)
All:
Dennis Viollet (23) |
| Highest home attendance | 66,124 vs Nottingham Forest (22 February 1958) |
| Lowest home attendance | 27,293 vs Aston Villa (22 October 1957) |
| Average home league attendance | 46,866 |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Little Africa, Manhattan

abstract: Little Africa was an African American neighborhood in Greenwich Village and particularly the South Village, from the mid-19th century until about the turn of the 20th century. The dominant African American center in Manhattan of its period, as part of a general northward march uptown it was preceded by the Five Points, and succeeded by the Tenderloin, San Juan Hill and eventually Harlem. Its main thoroughfare was Thompson Street, and also the complex of Minetta Lane/Street/Place, and much of its historic area lies with the current Sullivan-Thompson Historic District. Little Africa initially developed as a reaction to the violence of the 1834 anti-abolition riots in the Five Points. It formed a demographic contrast to the smaller, more rural and middle-class Seneca Village located farther north until its razing in 1857. The urban neighborhood suffered great violence itself during the 1863 draft riots, although in the aftermath of the Civil War its African American population grew with the migration of Southern freedmen. Two centuries before the urban neighborhood, under Dutch colonial rule there was a complex of African-owned farms in approximately the same area north of New Amsterdam.

text:
# Little Africa, Manhattan

**Little Africa** was an African American neighborhood in Greenwich Village and particularly the South Village, from the mid-19th century until about the turn of the 20th century. The dominant African American center in Manhattan of its period, as part of a general northward march uptown it was preceded by the Five Points (also known as "Little Africa" or Stagg Town), and succeeded by the Tenderloin, San Juan Hill and eventually Harlem. Its main thoroughfare was Thompson Street, and also the complex of Minetta Lane/Street/Place, and much of its historic area lies with the current Sullivan-Thompson Historic District.

Little Africa initially developed as a reaction to the violence of the 1834 anti-abolition riots in the Five Points. It formed a demographic contrast to the smaller, more rural and middle-class Seneca Village located farther north until its razing in 1857. The urban neighborhood suffered great violence itself during the 1863 draft riots, although in the aftermath of the Civil War its African American population grew with the migration of Southern freedmen.

Two centuries before the urban neighborhood, under Dutch colonial rule there was a complex of African-owned farms in approximately the same area north of New Amsterdam.


title: Please Twins!

abstract: Please Twins! is an anime television series scripted by Yōsuke Kuroda and produced by Bandai Visual, which was later adapted into a light novel and one-volume manga series. It centers on a family of three teenagers in high school all living together who are unsure which two of them are related to each other due to a reference from an old photograph. The Please Twins! anime series is a spin-off sequel to Please Teacher!. It first aired in Japan on the WOWOW satellite television network on July 15, 2003 and finished with a total of 12 episodes plus a later OVA episode released on DVD. The series was later adapted into a light novel in 2004, which spanned a total of two volumes and, soon after, into a short one-tankōbon manga version, which was serialized in MediaWorks's Dengeki Daioh magazine in September 2005.

text:
# Please Twins!

***Please Twins!*** (Japanese: おねがい☆ツインズ, Hepburn: *Onegai Tsuinzu*, ***Onegai ☆ Twins!***) is an anime television series scripted by Yōsuke Kuroda and produced by Bandai Visual, which was later adapted into a light novel and one-volume manga series. It centers on a family of three teenagers in high school all living together who are unsure which two of them are related to each other due to a reference from an old photograph. The *Please Twins!* anime series is a spin-off sequel to *Please Teacher!*. It first aired in Japan on the WOWOW satellite television network on July 15, 2003 and finished with a total of 12 episodes plus a later OVA episode released on DVD. The series was later adapted into a light novel in 2004, which spanned a total of two volumes and, soon after, into a short one-*tankōbon* manga version (authored by Akikan), which was serialized in MediaWorks's *Dengeki Daioh* magazine in September 2005.

## Plot

*Please Twins!* is a story about three high-school students: Maiku Kamishiro, Karen Onodera, and Miina Miyafuji. The three were drawn together by a photograph of their childhood home which later makes all of them seek out the house in the picture. However, the picture shows only two children, a boy and a girl. The three conclude from this that only one of the girls, either Karen or Miina, can be related to Maiku. The other must be a nonrelative. The only other identifying feature of the pair in the picture is that the boy and the girl have eyes of the same unusual color, a feature that furthers the ambiguity as all three of them share the same eye color.

The main concern of the male lead, Maiku, is that, although he eventually comes to care for both of the girls, he does not know which of them is his sister. In addition, the two girls develop feelings for Maiku, forming a love triangle that cannot be resolved until the truth of their relationship is known. All three main characters are in the predicament of wanting to discover their past versus the risk of losing a romantic relationship.

The events of the story are set the year after *Please Teacher!* and characters from that series appear in supporting roles throughout *Please Twins!*.

## Characters

Maiku Kamishiro (神城 麻郁, *Kamishiro Maiku*) Voiced by: Daisuke Namikawa (Japanese); Johnny Yong Bosch (English) The main protagonist of the story, Maiku (pronounced 'Mike' in the English dub) tends to be very secretive and stoic. He moves into the blue house shown on the news about a UFO appearance (an incident which happened in *Please Teacher!* episode 1), which is the same house on an old photograph that he kept. At the beginning of the story, he is living alone but is soon joined by Miina Miyafuji and Karen Onodera after they each trace their copies of the photograph to the house, and the three appear to have the same unusual blue eye color. He treats his two potential relatives harshly, frequently calling them idiots and bossing them around; however we find out later in the series he does this to avoid getting hurt by people he cares about. Later, he warms to them but still maintains a tough exterior. He is a computer programmer who takes contract work and a student in high school. He acknowledges Miina as his girlfriend in the OVA episode. In the light novel Miina is his biological sister and Maiku chooses Karen. Miina Miyafuji (宮藤 深衣奈, *Miyafuji Miina*) Voiced by: Mai Nakahara (Japanese); Kari Wahlgren (English) Miina has an enthusiastic and outgoing personality. Gradually she develops feelings for Maiku but is afraid to act on them. As she states it, if she is related to Maiku she has a 'right' to live in the house, but can't have a romantic relationship with him. If she isn't related then she can have that relationship, but can't live in the house. She outwardly expresses herself as happy-go-lucky, although she is hiding things about her past. The anime, novel and manga each have different resolutions to the mystery of the photo. In the anime's end, Maiku accepts Miina's feelings; in the light novel she is his sister. Karen Onodera (小野寺 樺恋, *Onodera Karen*) Voiced by: Ai Shimizu (Japanese); Lara Jill Miller (English) Karen is usually a very shy and timid girl who is even prone to passing out (called 'nyu's', for the syllable she utters as she does so) when a situation gets too intense for her to handle. She frequently calls people by a title. Like Miina, she also develops feelings for Maiku, though she does not act on them giving the same reasons Miina does. In the anime it turns out that Karen is Maiku's twin sister, as discovered when she finds a diary in the abandoned house across the street from their house that proves they are related. In the light novel she and Maiku are not related and the two begin a romantic relationship.

### Supporting characters

Haruko Shidō (四道 晴子, *Shidō Haruko*) Voiced by: Ryoko Shintani (Japanese); Therese Nguyen (English) Haruko is Matagu's younger sister and is usually very bubbly and hyperactive. She has a very immature personality and, while she acknowledges that her brother is a pervert, she seems completely oblivious to such mature matters. She attends class 1A. She, Akina Sagawa and Futaba Mashita greet Miina and Karen on their first day of school. Kousei Shimazaki (島崎 康生, *Shimazaki Kōsei*) Voiced by: Kenichi Suzumura (Japanese); Crispin Freeman (English) Kousei is Maiku's only real friend at the beginning of the series. He sits next to Maiku in class, and often becomes a bit too flirtatious with Maiku, usually resulting in him getting punched or slapped away by Maiku. For example, when Maiku reveals he needs money, Kousei actually tells him that if he stayed with him for a night, he would pay as much as Maiku wanted, resulting in him getting slapped. Despite Kousei's flirtations making Maiku uncomfortable and Maiku hitting or slapping Kousei in response, the two are close friends throughout the series. Kosei is assumed by his peers to be Homosexual, by his many openly flirtatious interactions with Maiku. However, it's eventually revealed that Kousei is still in love with his ex-girlfriend, Tsubaki, revealing that he is actually bisexual. Kosei eventually manages to work out things with Tsubaki and they get together again in the end. Tsubaki Oribe (織部 椿, *Oribe Tsubaki*) Voiced by: Michiko Neya (Japanese); Jessica Straus (English) Tsubaki is the vice president of the student council and usually has a very serious personality. Intelligent and outgoing, gifted with a busty figure and possessing a more mature personality than the 'twin' girls, she is a source of concern for Karen and Miina as being an obvious rival for Maiku's affections. Her attempts to interest Maiku in a relationship, however, are met with Maiku's tacit plea for just friendship. It is not until she confers with (the much older and wiser) Ichigo that Tsubaki realizes that Maiku cannot engage in any casual romantic relationship due to both his obligations to his new-found 'family' and his own forcibly matured, responsible nature. This causes Tsubaki to gain a higher degree of respect for Maiku, and to focus her attentions on the one person she once thought too forceful in expressing his affection for her, Kousei Shimazaki. In the anime she had objected to Kousei putting his hand on her breast when they kissed for the first time. In the light novel she had been psychologically traumatized when her brother died at a young age and she had been trying to fill a void, first with Kousei, then with Maiku. In the anime, however; Tsubaki managed to work out things with Kosei and they get together again in the end. Yuuka Yashiro (社 裕香, *Yashiro Yūka*) Voiced by: Miyuki Sawashiro (Japanese); Julie Maddalena (English) Yuuka is Miina's friend from middle school. She appears at the end of episode 9, recognizing Miina and recalling the history that Miina has been trying to put behind her. Miina comes to terms with it in episode 10, and Yuuka is seen again at the beginning of episode 11. In the light novel this section of the *Please Twins!* story is entirely rewritten and Yuuka is omitted, replaced with Yukiko Kachofugetsuin, Karen's rival in playing the piano.

### From *Please Teacher!*

Some of the *Please Teacher!* characters return in various supporting roles.

Ichigo Morino (森野 苺, *Morino Ichigo*) Voiced by: Yukari Tamura (Japanese); Julie Ann Taylor (English) Ichigo has changed a lot since the events of *Please Teacher!*. She has become president of the student council, described in the first novel as the most effective in the school's history, and somewhat perversely enjoys getting dirt on other students. Ichigo usually avoids male companionship though, in fact, she has normal desires in this regard. This is partly due to a unique disease where she was put into a "standstill", a form of metabolic stasis similar to a coma, for six years, which stopped her aging process. The disease can be triggered by psychological stress; hence her deadpan, phlegmatic personality is a counter to prevent its onset, a stronger personality trait in *Twins* than in *Please Teacher!*. She has also added a quiet "heh heh heh" to the end of many of her statements, as if she were privately enjoying a joke. In effect, she appears to be a grade-schooler when in fact she is much older when the story begins. Most of the details of her life are revealed in *Please Teacher!* and are not mentioned in this story. In the *Twins* anime series, there was no mention of her growth standstill, while the light novels make only one vague passing allusion. In the novels, Ichigo and Matagu Shido have a history, which Morino dislikes and guards against. Matagu Shido (四道 跨, *Shidō Matagu*) Voiced by: Hiroaki Miura (Japanese); Tony Schnur (English) Matagu is a senior to the main characters and tends to come off as an incestuous pervert, though he is otherwise good-natured. His appearances tend to be for comic relief. He also has a sister complex on Haruko, possibly due to him having no luck with women. At the end of this series, he is in the hospital after being haunted by the ghost in the countryside and he has no visitors. Mizuho Kazami (風見 みずほ, *Kazami Mizuho*) Voiced by: Kikuko Inoue (Japanese); Bridget Hoffman (English) Mizuho is employed as a teacher at the school where all the characters attend. She is homeroom teacher of Class 1B, with Maiku and Kosei being her students. She is in fact a half-human alien. She can be somewhat ditzy, but also very open-hearted, compassionate and sociable. In a somewhat nostalgic replay of the situation that led to her and Kei being discovered by the former headmaster, Miina and Karen are forced to hide in the very same sports equipment locker. Marie locates them, and Mizuho transports herself to it covertly to counsel the two girls on the true nature of Maiku's seeming gruffness towards them, asserting that it screens genuine kindness and affection for them. Her half-alien nature is never mentioned in the *Twins* anime, and this scene is the only allusion to it in the anime. She is married to Kei Kusanagi which is now an open secret at the school. Marie (まりえ) Voiced by: Tomoko Kaneda (Japanese); Sandy Fox (English) Marie is Mizuho's diminutive assistant and companion. A quasi-organic systems link to the operating system controlling Kazami's cloaked and submerged starship and its transporter functions, 'he' has been nicknamed "Fushigi-chan" ("Little Wonder" in English) by Karen for an ability to materialize almost anywhere, often after being summoned without any seeming communications device employed. 'He' makes occasional appearances in the neighborhood, at school and the protagonist's shared residence. As 'his' master Kazami does with "Pochy", 'he' enjoys eating "Prech", a snack food based on the real-life snack Pretz, for which he has an insatiable appetite. The anime establishes that Marie's existence is publicly known and accepted (despite 'his' other-worldly appearance and demonstrated abilities such as levitation) by several of the school's students as being a part of the local UFO folklore surrounding the area, thanks to the events of *Please Teacher!*. It is commented by Mizuho that Marie is a frequent visitor and overnight guest at the Kamishiro residence, and is seen 'sleeping' on the same futon with the two girls. Hatsuho Kazami (風見 はつほ, *Kazami Hatsuho*) Mizuho's mother. She is a very sensual, self-assured, bold but subtly assertive woman. She appears in one chapter of the light novels, hooking onto Maiku at a festival. She does not appear in the anime or the manga. Kei Kusanagi (草薙 桂, *Kusanagi Kei*) Voiced by: Soichiro Hoshi (Japanese); Dave Wittenberg (English) Kei is the senior to the main characters who does not speak in the first 12 episodes of the *Twins* series. Kei has the same extraordinary disease as Ichigo which caused him to be in a "standstill" for three years. Kei is now 20 in this series. He was covertly married to Mizuho Kazami in the original series, but their marriage is now common knowledge in this series. This is from rumors spread around the school in the post-credits scene of the *Please Teacher!* OVA. Koishi Herikawa (縁川小石, *Herikawa Koishi*) Voiced by: Ayako Kawasumi (Japanese); Michelle Ruff (English) Koishi is a third-year high school student in this series. She is slender, with short brown hair cut straight across in back. Her parents own the Herikawa Groceries and she assists there. As such, she becomes Miina and Karen's manager after the two of them obtain part-time jobs at the store, thanks to Ichigo's machinations and her longtime friendship with Koishi. She was most of the time behind the counter studying for university entrance exams. She is seen with Miina in episode 11, and in one brief camera shot in EP12 along with Kaede Misumi. In the OVA, she has a conversation with Miina in which she encourages Miina to pursue a romantic relationship with Maiku, then spends the rest of the episode with Ichigo. Hyosuke Magumo (間雲 漂介, *Magumo Hyōsuke*) Voiced by: Mitsuo Iwata (Japanese); Kirk Thornton (English) A brash student with dyed blonde hair, Hyosuke aspires to attend college at Tokyo University and become a professional statesman, much like his brother. Currently going out with Kaede. He only appears in episode 13. Kaede Misumi (水澄 楓, *Misumi Kaede*) Voiced by: Sayaka Ohara (Japanese); Rebecca Forstadt (English) Kaede tends to be a rather shy girl most of the time. Her physical characteristics include that she is one quarter Irish, tall (for a Japanese) and with red hair and freckles. Currently going out with Hyosuke. She appears only in episode 13 and at the end of episode 12 in which she and Koishi have a look at the photos that Ichigo took. Masaomi Yamada (山田 正臣, *Yamada Masaomi*) Voiced by: Tomokazu Sugita (Japanese); Tony Oliver (English) A quiet male teacher whose hobby is creating human-powered planes, he is in a secret relationship with Koishi. He is the homeroom teacher of Class 1A. Miina, Karen, Haruko, Akina Sagawa and Futaba Mashita are all in his class. In this series, he has shaved his beard and has become popular with the girls as Koishi said he would. Nat Voiced by: Chinami Nishimura (Japanese); Wendee Lee (English) Nat (Nat-chan in Japanese) is known as the little girl during the summer (both in this anime, and in *Please Teacher!*). In this series she is seated on a lifeguard's tower with her dog seated beside her, scanning with binoculars for a boy to fall in love with. She spots Maiku and falls for him. A moment later, however, she sees Karen and Miina with Maiku and she tumbles backward off the tower, dragging her dog by the leash after her, heartbroken.

## Media

### Anime

The *Please Twins!* anime series, scripted by Yōsuke Kuroda, directed by Yasunori Ide, and produced by Bandai Visual, premiered in Japan on the WOWOW satellite television network between July 15, 2003 and October 14, 2003, consisting of a total of 12 episodes. An OVA episode continuing the story was later released on DVD on April 23, 2004. The series has been licensed for North American distribution by Bandai Entertainment. Two pieces of theme music were used for the episodes: one opening theme and one ending theme. The opening theme is "Second Flight" by Kotoko and Hiromi Satō, and the ending theme is "Asu e no Namida" by Mami Kawada.

#### Episode list

| # | Title | Original airdate |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | | |
| 01 | "Three Twins?"
"Futago ga Sannin?" (双子が3人?) | July 15, 2003 (2003-07-15) |
| Miina and Karen, two girls with blue eyes, arrive at Maiku's doorstep claiming that they are related to him as they all have the same picture of what they think is them and their twin brother. | | | |
| 02 | "We Might be Related"
"Nikushin ka mo Shirenai" (肉親かもしれない) | July 22, 2003 (2003-07-22) |
| Maiku ponders if he should let Miina and Karen stay with him. | | | |
| 03 | "We Might be Strangers"
"Tanin ka mo Shirenai" (他人かもしれない) | July 29, 2003 (2003-07-29) |
| Trouble arises when Tsubaki, who likes Maiku, comes to their house on student council business. | | | |
| 04 | "Kind to You"
"Kimi ni Yasashiku" (きみにやさしく) | August 5, 2003 (2003-08-05) |
| Miina and Karen search for jobs so as to help Maiku pay their bills. A series of events causes them to end up hiding from everybody at Maiku's school. Maiku also decides that the two girls should go to school. | | | |
| 05 | "Do You Like Girls?"
"Onnanoko wa Suki desu ka?" (女の子は好きですか?) | August 19, 2003 (2003-08-19) |
| After hearing rumors about Maiku being gay, Miina and Karen test Maiku to see for themselves whether this is true or not. | | | |
| 06 | "Love Alliance"
"Ren'ai Dōmei" (恋愛同盟) | August 26, 2003 (2003-08-26) |
| All three of them feel strange around each other after the events of the previous episode. Miina and Karen create a "Love Alliance" to prevent this feeling. | | | |
| 07 | "Making Memories"
"Omoidezukuri" (おもいでづくり) | September 2, 2003 (2003-09-02) |
| After winning the grand prize in a lottery, Maiku, Miina and Karen head to Okinawa and the beach. Because of bad luck, it is the same beach visited in Please Teacher!, and everyone else soon shows up. | | | |
| 08 | "Be Honest in Love"
"Koi wa Sunao ni" (恋は素直に) | September 9, 2003 (2003-09-09) |
| Ichigo Morino reprises one of her roles from Please Teacher!, and tries to set Tsubaki up with Maiku. This leads to frustrations, and Tsubaki and Shimazaki learn to be honest with themselves about their love. | | | |
| 09 | "Don't Leave Me Out"
"Nukegake Shinaide" (ぬけがけしないで) | September 16, 2003 (2003-09-16) |
| On a beautiful day, the three head to the mall, but end up getting lost from each other. | | | |
| 10 | "I Want to Run Again"
"Mō Ichido Hashiritai" (もういちど走りたい) | September 30, 2003 (2003-09-30) |
| Maiku and Karen learn of Miina's past. Karen realizes that the picture of Maiku and one of the girls was taken at a different angle from what they had previously thought, leading her to discover a diary in a ruined house. | | | |
| 11 | "I Want to Tell You I Love You"
"Anata ni Suki to Tsutaetai" (あなたに好きと伝えたい) | October 7, 2003 (2003-10-07) |
| After Karen finds out who is the relative from the diary, she goes out on a date with Maiku before telling him (all the while breaking the Love Alliance) that she is his sister. However, Miina runs away when Karen tells her that Miina is not Maiku's sister. | | | |
| 12 | "We Are Three Twins"
"Sannin de Tsuinzu" (3人でツインズ) | October 14, 2003 (2003-10-14) |
| Miina runs away, but returns to the school without a word. After Karen talks to her, Miina goes to the train station, where she is reunited with Maiku. Miina reveals why she ran away, then she and Maiku confess their feelings for one another. At the end of the episode, it is revealed that Miina is the girl in the photo with Maiku, but she was actually a childhood friend. | | | |
| OVA | "The Summer Never Ends"
"Natsu wa Owaranai" (夏は終わらない) | April 23, 2004 (2004-04-23) |
| Maiku craves for alone time to catch up on work, but the student council, Miina, Karen and more arrive for a party. Miina wants to spend alone time with Maiku, but Karen wants to be spoiled by Maiku and comes between the two. | | | |

### Light novel

*Please Twins!* was later adapted into a light novel, authored by Gō Zappa and illustrated by Taraku Uon and Hiroaki Gōda. It was published in Japan by MediaWorks in 2004. It was later licensed for North American distribution by ComicsOne and published in two volumes in 2005.

The light novel covers several different events that did not occur in the anime and omits some events altogether. While the basic story stays intact, there is one large difference: the identity of Maiku's sister in the novel differs from the anime version.

### Manga

The series was later adapted into a short one-volume manga version, authored by Akikan, which was serialized in MediaWorks's *Dengeki Daioh* magazine in September 2005. The manga has since been licensed for North American distribution by ComicsOne and published in 2006. The manga introduces another character in the last two chapters, Hanna Miasa, who provides the explanation for the photograph, and Maiku's, Miina's and Karen's background and relation ties. In the manga both Miina and Karen are related to Maiku. One is his twin sister and the other is his first cousin.

### CD drama

There is also a CD drama spinoff of the "Onegaiverse" called *Onegai Friends*. The characters in the CD Drama are Maiku, from class 1-A: Yamada-sensei, Karen, Miina, Haruko, Akina Sagawa, Futaba Mashita and Harumi Shinohara. Girl is in love with boy. Boy is in love with a different girl.

## Notes and references

## InfoBox

| Please Twins! | |
| --- | --- |
| The main characters of Onegai Twins: Miina, Maiku and Karen | |
| おねがい☆ツインズ
(*Onegai ☆ Twins*) | |
| Genre |  |
| Anime television series | |
| Directed by | Yasunori Ide |
| Produced by | * Takeshi Anzai * Kouji Morimoto |
| Written by | Yōsuke Kuroda |
| Music by | * ZIZZ * Feel * Soushi Hosoi |
| Studio | Daume |
| Licensed by |  |
| Original network | WOWOW, Bandai Channel |
| Original run | July 15, 2003  October 14, 2003 |
| Episodes | 12 + OVA |
| Light novel | |
| Written by | Gō Zappa |
| Illustrated by | Taraku Uon
Hiroaki Gōda |
| Published by | MediaWorks |
| English publisher |  |
| Imprint | Dengeki Bunko |
| Demographic | Male |
| Published | 2004 |
| Volumes | 2 |
| Manga | |
| *Onegai Twins* | |
| Written by | Akikan |
| Published by | MediaWorks |
| English publisher |  |
| Magazine | *Dengeki Daioh* |
| Demographic | *Shōnen* |
| Published | September 2005 |
| Volumes | 1 |


title: Portland New Age

abstract: The New Age, later known as the Portland New Age, was the first African American newspaper published in Oregon.

text:
# Portland New Age

***The New Age***, later known as the ***Portland New Age***, was the first African American newspaper published in Oregon.

## History

Adolphus D. Griffin, or A.D. Griffin, launched the weekly newspaper in 1896. Griffin, served various occupational roles throughout his life, which included editor, publisher, politician, entrepreneur, and even custodian. He was known as a "political leader of the colored people of the Willamette Valley,"

Shortly after the New Age's initial launch, Griffin offered to circulate it to Portland's black residents for free. The city's black population, which numbered fewer than 800 on the paper's launch date, were highly literate in comparison to southern blacks of the time, and to Oregon's white laboring class. At the time, black people were legally prohibited from living in the state by a provision in the Oregon Constitution. The *New Age*, which included national news items in addition to local coverage, was intended for a black readership. However, the publication likely attracted some white audiences, as well.

Griffin was a member of the Oregon Press Association.

Prior to launching the *New Age*, Griffin had been editor of the *Northwest Echo* in Spokane, Washington. He left Portland for unknown reasons in 1907, and the newspaper did not survive his departure. He died nine years later; at the time he was editor of the Kansas *Elevator*.

The Oregon Historical Society holds about 400 issues of the *New Age*, and the University of Oregon and Harvard University have issues on microfilm.

## Further reading

* Hopkins, Oznathylee A. (1974). *Life in Oregon, 1899–1907: A Study of the Portland New Age* (Thesis). Reed College.
* The Skanner, 2015

## InfoBox

Portland New Age
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Type | African American newspaper |
| Publisher | Adolphus D. Griffin |
| Founded | 1896 (1896) |
| City | Oregon |
| Country | United States |
|  | |


title: Verticordia sect. Integripetala

abstract: Verticordia sect. Integripetala is one of six sections in the subgenus Eperephes. It includes five species of plants in the genus Verticordia. Plants in this section are mostly small, bushy shrubs with needle-like leaves and dark red to pink or creamy-white flowers with their petals having smooth edges. Most species are confined to the wheatbelt. When Alex George reviewed the genus in 1991, he described the section and gave it the name Integripetala. The name Integripetala is from the Latin words integer meaning "whole", "entire" or "sound" and petalum meaning "petal" referring smooth or entire edges of the petals in these species. The type species for this section is Verticordia picta and the other four species are V. helmsii, V. rennieana, V. interioris and V. mirabilis.

text:
# Verticordia sect. Integripetala

***Verticordia* sect. *Integripetala*** is one of six sections in the subgenus *Eperephes*. It includes five species of plants in the genus *Verticordia*. Plants in this section are mostly small, bushy shrubs with needle-like leaves and dark red to pink or creamy-white flowers with their petals having smooth edges. Most species are confined to the wheatbelt. When Alex George reviewed the genus in 1991, he described the section and gave it the name *Integripetala*. The name *Integripetala* is from the Latin words *integer* meaning "whole", "entire" or "sound" and *petalum* meaning "petal" referring smooth or entire edges of the petals in these species.

The type species for this section is *Verticordia picta* and the other four species are *V. helmsii*, *V. rennieana*, *V. interioris* and *V. mirabilis*.

## InfoBox

| *Verticordia sect. Integripetala* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Myrtales |
| Family: | Myrtaceae |
| Genus: | *Verticordia* |
| Subgenus: | *Verticordia* subg. *Eperephes* |
| Section: | *Verticordia* sect. *Integripetala* |
|
| Type species | |
| *Verticordia picta*<br> | |
| Species | |
| 5 species: see text. | |


title: Logan Sankey

abstract: Logan Sankey is an American ski jumper on the United States Women's National Ski Jumping Team.

text:
# Logan Sankey

**Logan Sankey** (born 1998) is an American ski jumper on the United States Women's National Ski Jumping Team.

## Personal life

Logan Sankey was born on May 28, 1998, in Denver, Colorado. Logan has been skiing essentially her entire life, as her dad taught her how to ski when she was just two years old. Logan lived and skied in Denver for the first 13 years of her life. Her family then moved to Steamboat, Colorado, so that she could join the prestigious Steamboat Springs Winter Sports Club alpine race team. Logan graduated from Steamboat Springs High School in 2016 and is now attending Dartmouth College. She plans to graduate in the spring of 2023 with a mechanical engineering degree.

Logan's parents are Kevin and Laura Sankey, and she has two siblings named Colton and Nolan. She teaches at an elementary school in her hometown of Steamboat Springs, Colorado.

## Skiing career

Logan's main focus in her early career was alpine ski racing. However, she attended the Hitchens Brother's Wednesday Night Jump Series around the time she started high school and immediately fell in love with ski jumping. As she put it, "Imagine the biggest thrill you have ever experienced. Now multiply that by about hundred and then by hundred again and then again, and you might understand what it feels like every time I jump." She would compete in both alpine ski racing and ski jumping until 2014, when she committed to ski jumping full time. She attended the Fly Girls camp in 2014 and credits this with the reason she would focus solely on ski jumping for the remainder of her career. This camp also made her want to take her ski jumping career to the next level. In 2015 she would do exactly this when she joined the U.S. Women's National Ski Jumping Team as a junior in high school.

Many of her notable results in competition to date came during her high school and college years. In 2014 she competed in her first U.S. Junior National Championship. At this competition, she placed 3rd in the ski jumping/Nordic combined event and 5th in the normal hill event. Her first competition with Team USA came at the 2015 FIS Continental Cup Falun, where she placed 11th in the HS100 discipline. On February 5, 2015, she competed in her first ever FIS Junior World Ski Championships in Kazakhstan, where she placed 30th. She followed this result with a 12th place finish at the 2016 Youth Olympic Winter Games in Norway. She would return to the FIS Junior World Ski Championships in 2016 and place 30th once again. Other achievements include a 38th place finish at the FIS Junior World Ski Championships in 2017, a 37th place finish at the 2018 World Cup, a 20th place finish at the FIS Junior World Ski Championships in 2018, a 43rd, 36th, and 53rd place finish in three different events at the 2019 World Cup, an 11th place finish at the 2020 World Cup, a 12th place finish at the 2021 World Cup, a 10th place finish at the 2021 World Ski Championships, a 9th place finish at the 2021 World Cup, and a 43rd place finish at the 2022 World Cup. She recently won a professional event for the first time, as she took first place at the 2022 Continental Cup in the HS100 discipline. She continues to compete in 2022.

She has competed at the World Junior Championship four times, the World Championships twice, and one Youth Olympic Games. She also earned four bronze medals at Junior Nationals for ski jumping.

## 2022 Olympics and gender equality

Logan had a large media presence leading up to the 2022 Beijing Olympics. The first reason is she was one of three American women to have a chance at competing in the Olympics. Annika Belshaw, Anna Hoffmann, and Logan Sankey took the top three spots at the U.S. trials and would advance to the Olympic trials. However, after a disappointing performance, none of the athletes advanced to the Olympics. Prior to the event, Sankey was quoted saying "To go to Beijing and have the culmination of the goal I had before I even knew it was a goal, I think I would be incredibly proud of myself." She then said "Whether or not I go to this specific Olympics it's important for me to remember, and to know that sport, in general, has given me so much and will continue to give me so much—and that is not contingent on me being a 2022 Beijing Olympian." Clearly she had high hopes for the 2022 Winter Olympics, but she has continued competing despite the disappointing results.

She has used her platform surrounding the Olympics to continue fighting for equality in the sport. Women historically have not been able to compete in ski jumping at the Olympics because it was "not appropriate for ladies from a medical point of view." This did not stop the Americans from continuing to practice ski jumping and they eventually were ranked the number one team in the world in 2012. The breakthrough came in 2014, as women were allowed to compete at the Sochi Olympic Games for the first time. Sankey sees inequalities even today, stating that "we don't have the same number of events \[as the men\] in the Olympics still, and we don't have equal prize money on the world cup circuit. So making sure that no young girl or young woman decides not to become a ski jumper because of that inequality is important to me." Furthermore, until 2020 every woman had to have extra panels sewn into their jump suits around their hips. The International Ski Federation claimed it would help women fit their suits better, but there was no merit to this claim and made it even harder to create suits for women. Sankey knows there is plenty of work to be done to achieve full equality in the sport and has pledged to continue working for equality while improving her ski jumps.


title: Macroglossum incredibile

abstract: Macroglossum incredibile is a moth of the family Sphingidae.

text:
# Macroglossum incredibile

***Macroglossum incredibile*** is a moth of the family Sphingidae.

## InfoBox

| *Macroglossum incredibile* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Sphingidae |
| Genus: | *Macroglossum* |
| Species: | ***M. incredibile*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Macroglossum incredibile***<br>Eitschberger, 2006 | |
|


title: Panicum fauriei

abstract: Panicum fauriei is a species of grass known by the common name Faurie's panicgrass. It is endemic to Hawaii. There are at least three varieties of this grass species. One, var. carteri, Carter's panicgrass is federally listed as an endangered species of the United States.

text:
# Panicum fauriei

***Panicum fauriei*** is a species of grass known by the common name **Faurie's panicgrass**. It is endemic to Hawaii.

There are at least three varieties of this grass species. One, var. *carteri*, **Carter's panicgrass** (formerly named *Panicum carteri*) is federally listed as an endangered species of the United States.

## InfoBox

| *Panicum fauriei* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Imperiled  (NatureServe) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| *Clade*: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Poaceae |
| Subfamily: | Panicoideae |
| Genus: | *Panicum* |
| Species: | ***P. fauriei*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Panicum fauriei***
Hitchc. | |
|


title: The Muncher

abstract: The Muncher is a video game for the Commodore 64 and ZX Spectrum that was released in 1988. It was produced by Beam Software and released by Gremlin Graphics. The game involves the monster from Chewits attacking modern day Japan.

text:
# The Muncher

***The Muncher*** is a video game for the Commodore 64 and ZX Spectrum that was released in 1988. It was produced by Beam Software and released by Gremlin Graphics. The game involves the monster from *Chewits* attacking modern day Japan.

## Gameplay

The objective is to cause as much destruction as possible in a 2D setting town. Points are awarded for various buildings destroyed. The monster has fire breath and can destroy buildings in this way.

## Reception

The game received generally favorable reviews, with Mark Caswell of Crash magazine calling it "g-r-r-rreat stomping, frazzling, crushing fun!" Duncan MacDonald of Your Sinclair called it "A large sprite, prehistoric mega-romp and smash-em up with the emphasis on total destruction," but warned the reader, claiming the game had a "syrupy control response."

## Legacy

The game was issued on the *Commodore Format* magazine as a full version game in December 1992.

## InfoBox

| The Muncher | |
| --- | --- |
| Developer(s) | Beam Software |
| Publisher(s) | Gremlin Graphics |
| Platform(s) | Commodore 64, ZX Spectrum |
| Release | 1988 |
| Genre(s) | Action |
| Mode(s) | Single-player |


title: 1955 Southern Area League

abstract: The 1955 Southern Area League was the second season of the regional third tier of speedway racing in the United Kingdom for Southern British teams. The season started with the same five teams that finished the previous season. Rye House Roosters were the champions. Vic Hall of Brafield topped the averages. Ringwood Turfs withdrew mid-season.

text:
# 1955 Southern Area League

The 1955 **Southern Area League** was the second season of the regional third tier of speedway racing in the United Kingdom for Southern British teams. The season started with the same five teams that finished the previous season.

Rye House Roosters were the champions. Vic Hall of Brafield topped the averages.

Ringwood Turfs withdrew mid-season.

## Final table

| Pos | Team | PL | W | D | L | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Rye House Roosters | 12 | 10 | 0 | 2 | 20 |
| 2 | California Poppies | 12 | 7 | 0 | 5 | 14 |
| 3 | Brafield Flying Foxes | 12 | 6 | 0 | 6 | 12 |
| 4 | Eastbourne Eagles | 12 | 1 | 0 | 11 | 2 |

Withdrawal (Record expunged) : Ringwood Turfs

## Leading Averages

|  | Rider | Team | C.M.A. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Vic Hall | Brafield | 9.90 |
| 2 | Mike Broadbank | Rye House | 9.67 |
| 3 | Brian Meredith | Brafield | 9.36 |
| 4 | Vic Ridgeon | Rye House | 9.17 |
| 5 | Al Sparrey | Rye House | 8.95 |

## Riders' Championship

Mike Broadbank won the Riders' Championship. The final was held at Rye House Stadium on 25 September.

| Pos. | Rider | Club | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Mike Broadbank | Rye House | 15 |
| 2 | Vic Ridgeon | Rye House | 12 |
| 3 | Ron Sharp | California | 11 |
| 4 | Merv Hannam | Eastbourne | 10 |
| 5 | Dave Slater | Rye House | 10 |
| 6 | Gil Goldfinch | California | 9 |
| 7 | Tom Reader | Eastbourne | 9 |
| 8 | Eric Hockaday | California | 7 |
| 9 | Bryan Meredith | Brafield | 6 |
| 10 | Jimmy Heard | Rye House | 6 |
| 11 | Tommy Sweetman | California | 5 |
| 12 | Colin Gooddy | Brafield | 5 |
| 13 | Pete Mould | California | 5 |
| 14 | Stan Bedford | Rye House | 3 |
| 15 | Ross Gilbertson | California | 2 |
| 16 | Bob Anderson | California | 0 |

## Riders & final averages

**Brafield**

* Vic Hall 9.89
* Brian Meredith 9.33
* Frank Greasley 8.20
* Alan Pearce 7.60
* Dave Hankins 5.89
* Colin Gooddy 5.87
* Brian Miller 5.60
* Hank Bird 5.60
* Neil Roberts 5.18

**California**

* Bob Andrews 7.76
* Jimmy Gleed 7.73
* Pete Mold 7.65
* Gil Goldfinch 7.43
* Tommy Sweetman 7.00
* Eric Hockaday 6.97
* Ross Gilbertson 6.75
* Ron Sharp 6.19
* Bob Anderson 2.00

**Eastbourne**

* Merv Hannam 8.92
* Wally Wilson 5.88
* Jim Preddy 4.42
* Bert Little 4.42
* Gerry Bridson 4.00
* Bob Bunney 3.66
* George Smithson 3.56
* Dave Collett 3.43
* Dave Freeborn 2.00

**Ringwood** (withdrew)

* Merv Hannam 7.20
* Gerry Bridson 5.26
* Tom Reader 5.17
* Glyn Chandler 4.91
* Gordon Richards 4.31
* Mike Tamms 4.00
* George Hutchinson 2.55

**Rye House**

* Mike Broadbank 9.75
* Vic Ridgeon 9.25
* Al Sparrey 9.05
* Jimmy Heard 8.25
* Dave Slater 7.41
* Stan Bedford 7.35
* Geoff Woodger 6.89
* Bill Simpson 6.55
* Vernon Brown 4.24
* Gerry King 2.93

## InfoBox

1955 Southern Area League
| League | Southern Area League |
| --- | --- |
| No. of competitors | 4 |
| Champions | Rye House Roosters |
| Riders' Champion | Mike Broadbank |
| Highest average | Vic Hall |
| Division/s above | National League Div 1<br>National League Div 2 |
|


title: Little Chapel

abstract: The Little Chapel is situated in the Les Vauxbelets valley, Saint Andrew, Guernsey. It was created in July 1914, by Brother Déodat. He planned to create a miniature version of the grotto and basilica at Lourdes, the Rosary Basilica. The chapel has been described as "probably the biggest tourist attraction in Guernsey", and "intricate".

text:
# Little Chapel

The **Little Chapel** is situated in the Les Vauxbelets valley, Saint Andrew, Guernsey. It was created in July 1914, by Brother Déodat. He planned to create a miniature version of the grotto and basilica at Lourdes, the Rosary Basilica.

The chapel has been described as "probably the biggest tourist attraction in Guernsey", and "intricate".

## History

The first chapel was built by Brother Déodat in March 1914 (measuring 9 feet long by 4.5 feet wide). After taking criticism from other brothers, Déodat demolished the chapel. He finished a second chapel in July 1914 (measuring 9 feet by 6 feet). However, when the Bishop of Portsmouth visited in 1923, he could not fit through the door, so Déodat again demolished it. The third and this current version of the chapel started soon after the last demolition, and measures 16 feet by 9 feet. Déodat went to France in 1939 and died there, never having seen his chapel finished.

In 1977, a committee was established to restore the chapel, and for a time fell under the care of Blanchelande College. It is now looked after by the Little Chapel Foundation.

The Chapel suffered from vandalism in 2003 and again in 2010 when five stained glass windows were smashed, causing £3,000 worth of damage leading to condemnation of the vandals.

In 2013, there was major work on the overgrowth which was, in places, hiding parts of the chapel.

In November 2015 it was closed to allow some major structural work to be undertaken. The works include underpinning the building, stabilising the foundations and weatherproofing the building, and are estimated to cost £500,000. Fundraising was undertaken.

Fully open again to the public in April 2017, the major works such as stabilising the foundations are complete however additional fundraising is needed to finish the final phase of renovation.

## Decoration

The Little Chapel is decorated with seashells, pebbles, and broken china. "From a distance the colours and design make a pleasing whole, close-up it's amazing to see all the different pieces used to create the effect." It has room for around eight people.

The chapel was brought sudden fame following a *Daily Mirror* article, which led to islanders donating coloured china; the Lieutenant-Governor of the island offered mother of pearl, and other gifts came from around the globe.

The mosaic style is "*pique-assiette*" or "*Picassiette*" (a French term based on a pun blending *pique-assiette* – literally, plate-pincher, the sort of person crashing into a party to enjoy a free meal – and famous artist Pablo Picasso). According to Mosaic Art Source, "\[P\]ieces of broken pottery, china, glass, buttons, figurines, and/\[or\] jewelry are cemented onto a base to create a new surface. Almost any form can be used as a base, and any combination of pieces can be applied, restricted only by the individual creator's imagination." The style was the nickname of a French *Art Brut* artist, Raymond Isidore, who decorated his house near Chartres, known as Maison Picassiette, much in the same style as the Little Chapel.

## In media

Film of walking around the chapel in 1948 is held by the Cinema Museum in London Ref HM0364

The Little Chapel features in the game *Guernsey Monopoly*, part of the Monopoly board game series, which was released in 2013.

## InfoBox

| The Little Chapel | |
| --- | --- |
| The Little Chapel | |
| Religion | |
| Affiliation | Non-denominational |
| Region | Guernsey |
| Status | Active |
| Location | |
| Municipality | St Andrew |
| Geographic coordinates | 49°26′33.23″N 2°35′15.58″W / 49.4425639°N 2.5876611°W / 49.4425639; -2.5876611 |
| Architecture | |
| Groundbreaking | 1923 (1923) |
| Specifications | |
| Length | 16 feet (4.9 m) |
| Width | 9 feet (2.7 m) |
| Website | |
| www.thelittlechapel.gg | |