title: OrthoDB

abstract: OrthoDB presents a catalog of orthologous protein-coding genes across vertebrates, arthropods, fungi, plants, and bacteria. Orthology refers to the last common ancestor of the species under consideration, and thus OrthoDB explicitly delineates orthologs at each major radiation along the species phylogeny. The database of orthologs presents available protein descriptors, together with Gene Ontology and InterPro attributes, which serve to provide general descriptive annotations of the orthologous groups, and facilitate comprehensive orthology database querying. OrthoDB also provides computed evolutionary traits of orthologs, such as gene duplicability and loss profiles, divergence rates, sibling groups, and gene intron-exon architectures. In comparative genomics, the importance of scale cannot be underestimated. As gene orthology delineation requires specific expertise and considerable computational resources, scale is something that individual non-specialist research groups cannot accomplish on their own. This challenging task is achieved by OrthoDB, with very comprehensive sets of species and several unique features such as the extensive functional and evolutionary annotations of orthologous groups, with the integration of many useful links to other world-leading databases that focus on capturing information about gene function. No genome can exist as a useful data source without extensive comparative analyses with other genomes – OrthoDB provides a critically important resource for comparative genomics for the entire community of researchers from those interested in grand evolutionary questions to those focused on the specific biological functions of individual genes.

text:
# OrthoDB

**OrthoDB** presents a catalog of orthologous protein-coding genes across vertebrates, arthropods, fungi, plants, and bacteria. Orthology refers to the last common ancestor of the species under consideration, and thus OrthoDB explicitly delineates orthologs at each major radiation along the species phylogeny. The database of orthologs presents available protein descriptors, together with Gene Ontology and InterPro attributes, which serve to provide general descriptive annotations of the orthologous groups, and facilitate comprehensive orthology database querying. **OrthoDB** also provides computed evolutionary traits of orthologs, such as gene duplicability and loss profiles, divergence rates, sibling groups, and gene intron-exon architectures.

In comparative genomics, the importance of scale cannot be underestimated. As gene orthology delineation requires specific expertise and considerable computational resources, scale is something that individual non-specialist research groups cannot accomplish on their own. This challenging task is achieved by **OrthoDB**, with very comprehensive sets of species and several unique features such as the extensive functional and evolutionary annotations of orthologous groups, with the integration of many useful links to other world-leading databases that focus on capturing information about gene function. No genome can exist as a useful data source without extensive comparative analyses with other genomes – **OrthoDB** provides a critically important resource for comparative genomics for the entire community of researchers from those interested in grand evolutionary questions to those focused on the specific biological functions of individual genes.

## Methodology

Orthology is defined relative to the last common ancestor of the species being considered, thereby determining the hierarchical nature of orthologous classifications. This is explicitly addressed in **OrthoDB** by application of the orthology delineation procedure at each major radiation point of the considered phylogeny. The **OrthoDB** implementation employs a Best-Reciprocal-Hit (BRH) clustering algorithm based on all-against-all Smith–Waterman protein sequence comparisons. Gene set pre-processing selects the longest protein-coding transcript of alternatively spliced genes and of very similar gene copies. The procedure triangulates BRHs to progressively build the clusters and requires an overall minimum sequence alignment overlap to avoid domain walking. These core clusters are further expanded to include all more closely related within-species in-paralogs, and the previously identified very similar gene copies.

## Data content

The database contains some 600 eukaryotic species and more than 3600 bacteria sourced from Ensembl, UniProt, NCBI, FlyBase, and several other databases. The ever-increasing sampling of sequenced genomes brings a clearer account of the majority of gene genealogies that will facilitate informed hypotheses of gene function in newly sequenced genomes.

Examples of studies that have employed data from **OrthoDB** include *comparative analyses of gene repertoire evolution*, *comparisons of fruit fly and mosquito developmental genes*, *analyses of bloodmeal- or infection-induced changes in gene expression in mosquitoes*, *analysis of the evolution of mammalian milk production*, and *mosquito gene and genome evolution*. Others studies citing **OrthoDB** can be found at PubMed and Google Scholar.

## Performance

**OrthoDB** has performed consistently well in benchmarking assessments alongside other orthology delineation procedures. Results were compared to reference trees for three well-conserved protein families, and to a larger set of curated protein families.

## BUSCO

**B**enchmarking sets of **U**niversal **Si**ngle-**C**opy **O**rthologs - Orthologous groups are selected from **OrthoDB** for the root-level classifications of arthropods, vertebrates, metazoans, fungi, and other major clades. Groups are required to contain single-copy orthologs in at least 90% of the species (in others they may be lost or duplicated), and the missing species cannot all be from the same clade. Species with frequent losses or duplications are removed from the selection unless they hold a key position in the phylogeny. **BUSCOs** are therefore expected to be found as single-copy orthologs in any newly sequenced genome from the appropriate phylogenetic clade, and can be used to analyse newly sequenced genomes to assess their relative completeness. The **BUSCO** assessment tool and datasets (accessible here) are being widely used in many genomics projects, with most journal editors now requiring such quality assessments before accepting new genome publications.

## Notes and references

## InfoBox

OrthoDB
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Content | |
| Description | Catalog of Orthologs. |
| Contact | |
| Research center | Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics |
| Laboratory | Computational Evolutionary Genomics Group |
| Authors | Evgenia V. Kriventseva |
| Primary citation | Kriventseva et al. (2015) |
| Release date | 2007 |
| Access | |
| Website | www.orthodb.org |
| Download URL | https://www.orthodb.org/?page=filelist |
| Sparql endpoint | sparql.orthodb.org/sparql |
| Miscellaneous | |
| License | CC-BY-3.0 |


title: 1990 Tour of Britain

abstract: The 1990 Tour of Britain was the fourth edition of the Kellogg's Tour of Britain cycle race and was held from 31 July to 5 August 1990. The race started in Brighton and finished in Manchester. The race was won by Michel Dernies of the Weinmann team.

text:
# 1990 Tour of Britain

The **1990 Tour of Britain** was the fourth edition of the Kellogg's Tour of Britain cycle race and was held from 31 July to 5 August 1990. The race started in Brighton and finished in Manchester. The race was won by Michel Dernies of the Weinmann team.

## Route

Stage characteristics and winners
| Stage | Date | Course | Distance | Type | | Winner |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 31 July | Brighton to Bath | 209 km (129.9 mi) |  |  | Malcolm Elliott (GBR) |
| 2 | 1 August | Cardiff to Birmingham | 198 km (123.0 mi) |  |  | Andrea Tafi (ITA) |
| 3 | 2 August | Birmingham to Sheffield | 156 km (96.9 mi) |  | Hilly stage | Michel Dernies (BEL) |
| 4 | 3 August | Sheffield to Hull | 143 km (88.9 mi) |  |  | Søren Lilholt (DEN) |
| 5 | 4 August | Bridlington to Newcastle | 180 km (111.8 mi) |  |  | Gianluca Bortolami (ITA) |
| 6 | 5 August | York to Manchester | 204 km (126.8 mi) |  |  | Maurizio Fondriest (ITA) |

## General classification

| **Final general classification**  Rank Rider Team Time  1  Michel Dernies (BEL) Weinmann–SMM–Uster 29h 11' 20"  2  Robert Millar (GBR) Z–Tomasso \+ 4"  3  Maurizio Fondriest (ITA) Del Tongo \+ 1' 38"  4  Federico Echave (ESP) CLAS–Cajastur \+ 1' 56"  5  Jörg Müller (SUI) TVM \+ 2' 03"  6  Emanuele Bombini (ITA) Diana–Colnago–Animex \+ 2' 03"  7  Leonardo Sierra (VEN) Selle Italia–Eurocar \+ 2' 37"  8  Martial Gayant (FRA) Toshiba \+ 2' 54"  9  Laurent Jalabert (FRA) Toshiba \+ 3' 14"  10  Phil Anderson (AUS) TVM \+ 3' 19" |
| --- |

## InfoBox

1990 Tour of Britain
| Race details | |
| --- | --- |
| Dates | 31 July–5 August 1990 |
| Stages | 6 |
| Winning time | 29h 11' 20" |
| Results | |
| Winner  Michel Dernies (BEL)  (Weinmann–SMM–Uster)  Second  Robert Millar (GBR)  (Z–Tomasso)  Third  Maurizio Fondriest (ITA)  (Del Tongo)   ---  Points  Maurizio Fondriest (ITA)  (Del Tongo)  Mountains  Robert Millar (GBR)  (Z–Tomasso)  Team Toshiba | |
|


title: Supra (footwear brand)

abstract: Supra was an American skate shoe brand founded in Los Angeles, California by Angel Cabada in partnership with professional skateboarders. Korean fashion retailer F&F acquired the global trademark of Supra in October 2020.

text:
# Supra (footwear brand)

**Supra** was an American skate shoe brand founded in Los Angeles, California by Angel Cabada in partnership with professional skateboarders. Korean fashion retailer F&F acquired the global trademark of Supra in October 2020.

## History

Supra was launched in 2006, by Angel Cabada in partnership with professional skateboarders Jim Greco, Erik Ellington, Tom Penny, Chad Muska, and Dennis Martin. Muska has described the founding of the company as an "underground idea, shared between five people, that became a crazy explosion". The brand released a coffee table book in December 2012 that documents its history; in an interview for the book's promotion, Ellington stated "It's amazing to see something be so successful that easily could've gone the other way. I feel blessed, honored and I'm humbled. It's something I'm really proud to be a part of." In addition to serving as a catalog of the brand's products, the book also features the brand's team riders and collaborations, including those with artists such as Jay-Z.

On January 31, 2013, Video Director Dennis Martin created a promotional video for Greco's second signature shoe, "The Hammer"; Greco's first signature model was named "The Soprano". Greco explained, in relation to the "Hammer", "I wanted to make a super simple-looking shoe. There's a million shoes out there that are simple, but I really wanted that fusion of vulcanized and cup sole because I like the feel of the vulc, but I like the impact absorbing features of the cup sole". The shoe's design was promoted as "a high performance, lightweight, low-top skate shoe. The upper has a short eye stay, a long vamp, and minimal branding".

Supra Footwear was purchased by K-Swiss Global Brands, a subsidiary of E-Land Group, in June 2015. In 2018, Steve Harden, former executive leader with Adidas and Oakley, was recruited to relaunch and restructure the Global Supra and KR3W brands. In May 2019, Xtep disclosed that it was acquiring 100% of the outstanding shares of E-Land Footwear USA Holdings Inc. As of October 2020, F&F acquired Supra Footwear and relaunched the brand in South Korea in January 2021.

## Collaborations

The brand has released signature model shoes from team riders, such as Muska, Ellington, Jim Greco, Tom Penny, and Stevie Williams. A collaboration occurred between producer and DJ Steve Aoki and Supra for Muska's signature model shoe. Williams released a collaboration with hip hop artist and entrepreneur Lil Wayne in December 2012, promoted as a "synthesis of skateboarding and hip hop".

## InfoBox

Supra
|
|  |
|
| Industry | Footwear |
| Founded | 2006 (2006) |
| Founder | Angel Cabada |
| Headquarters | United States |
| Products | Skate shoes |


# List of mayors of Weirton, West Virginia

This is a list of mayors of Weirton, West Virginia, United States of America.

## Mayors

| Name | Term | Reference |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Thomas E. Millsop | 1947–1955 |  |
| Samuel Kusic | 1955–1959 |  |
| David T. Frew | 1959–1963 |  |
| Frank A. Rybka | 1963–1971 |  |
| Mike A. Andochick Jr. | 1971–1979 |  |
| Donald T. Mentzer | 1979–1987 |  |
| Edwin J. Bowman | 1987–1995 |  |
| Dean M. Harris | 1995–2003 |  |
| William M. Miller | 2003–2007 |  |
| Mark Harris | 2007–2011 |  |
| George Kondik | 2011–2015 |  |
| Harold Miller | 2015–present |  |


title: Titanodula fruhstorferi

abstract: Titanodula fruhstorferi is a praying mantis species in the subfamily Hierodulinae. This species may be endemic to Vietnam.

text:
# Titanodula fruhstorferi

***Titanodula fruhstorferi*** is a praying mantis species in the subfamily Hierodulinae.

This species may be endemic to Vietnam.

## Taxonomy

*T. fruhstorferi* was originally placed in *Hierodula*, but a 2020 study moved the species to a new genus, *Titanodula*, based on its large size and the unique shape of the male genitalia.

## InfoBox

| *Titanodula fruhstorferi* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Mantodea |
| Family: | Mantidae |
| Genus: | *Titanodula* |
| Species: | ***T. fruhstorferi*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Titanodula fruhstorferi***<br>(Werner, 1916) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Hierodula fruhstorferi* Werner, 1916 | |


title: Pala Kastali

abstract: Pala Kastali is a village in Block Jawan Sikandarpur, Aligarh district of Uttar Pradesh, India. It is 5 km from Aligarh. The village has most population of Bais Rajput. Pala Kastali's Pin Code is 202122. Nearest railway station is Manzurgarhi and nearest Airport is Agra Airport. School near the village is Blackdale public school.

text:
# Pala Kastali

**Pala Kastali** is a village in Block Jawan Sikandarpur, Aligarh district of Uttar Pradesh, India. It is 5 km from Aligarh. The village has most population of Bais Rajput. Pala Kastali's Pin Code is 202122. Nearest railway station is Manzurgarhi and nearest Airport is Agra Airport. School near the village is Blackdale public school.

## InfoBox

| Pala Kastali | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Country | India |
| State | Uttar Pradesh |
| District | Aligarh |
| Government | |
| Body | Gram panchayat |
| Languages | |
| Official | Hindi |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 202122 |
| Vehicle registration | UP |
| Website | up.gov.in |


title: Northwest Germanic

abstract:
Northwest Germanic is a proposed grouping of the Germanic languages, representing the current consensus among Germanic historical linguists. It does not challenge the late 19th-century tri-partite division of the Germanic dialects into North Germanic, West Germanic and East Germanic, but proposes additionally that North and West Germanic remained as a subgroup after the southward migration of the East Germanic tribes, only splitting into North and West Germanic later. Whether this subgroup constituted a unified proto-language, or simply represents a group of dialects that remained in contact and close geographical proximity, is a matter of debate, but the formulation of Ringe and Taylor probably enjoys widespread support: There is some evidence that North and West Germanic developed as a single
language, Proto-Northwest Germanic, after East Germanic had begun to
diverge. However, changes unproblematically datable to the PNWGmc period
are few, suggesting that that period of linguistic unity did not last long. On the
other hand, there are some indications that North and West Germanic
remained in contact, exchanging and thus partly sharing further innovations,
after they had begun to diverge, and perhaps even after West Germanic had
itself begun to diversify.

text:
# Northwest Germanic

**Northwest Germanic** is a proposed grouping of the Germanic languages, representing the current consensus among Germanic historical linguists. It does not challenge the late 19th-century tri-partite division of the Germanic dialects into North Germanic, West Germanic and East Germanic, but proposes additionally that North and West Germanic (i.e. all surviving Germanic languages today) remained as a subgroup after the southward migration of the East Germanic tribes, only splitting into North and West Germanic later. Whether this subgroup constituted a unified proto-language, or simply represents a group of dialects that remained in contact and close geographical proximity, is a matter of debate, but the formulation of Ringe and Taylor probably enjoys widespread support:

> There is some evidence that North and West Germanic developed as a single language, Proto-Northwest Germanic, after East Germanic had begun to diverge. However, changes unproblematically datable to the PNWGmc period are few, suggesting that that period of linguistic unity did not last long. On the other hand, there are some indications that North and West Germanic remained in contact, exchanging and thus partly sharing further innovations, after they had begun to diverge, and perhaps even after West Germanic had itself begun to diversify.

## History and terminology

This grouping was proposed by Hans Kuhn as an alternative to the older view of a Gotho-Nordic versus West Germanic division. This older view is represented by mid 20th-century proposals to assume the existence by 250 BC of five general groups to be distinguishable: North Germanic in Southern Scandinavia excluding Jutland; North Sea Germanic along the middle Rhine and Jutland; Rhine-Weser Germanic; Elbe Germanic; and East Germanic. The Northwest Germanic theory challenges these proposals, since it is strongly tied to runic inscriptions dated from AD 200 onwards.

## Dating

Most scholars agree that East Germanic broke up from the rest of the languages in the 2nd or 1st centuries BC. The Runic Inscriptions (being written from the 2nd century) may mean that the north and West broke up in the 2nd and 3rd centuries. The Migration Period started around the 4th and 5th centuries; an event which probably help diversify the Northwest Germanic (maybe even the West Germanic) languages even more. The date by which such a grouping must have dissolved—in that innovations ceased to be shared—is also contentious, though it seems unlikely to have persisted after 500 AD, by which time the Anglo-Saxons had migrated to England and the Elbe Germanic tribes had settled in Southern Germany.

## Shared innovations

The evidence for Northwest Germanic is constituted by a range of common linguistic innovations in phonology, morphology, word formation and lexis in North and West Germanic, though in fact there is considerable debate about which innovations are significant. An additional problem is that Gothic, which provides almost the sole evidence of the East Germanic dialects, is attested much earlier than the other Germanic languages, with the exception of a few runic inscriptions. This means that direct comparisons between Gothic and the other Germanic languages are not necessarily good evidence for subgroupings, since the distance in time must also be taken into account.

The following shared innovations, which must have taken place in Proto-Northwest Germanic, can be noted:

* Lowering of stressed  to .
* Raising of word-final *\*-ō* to *\*-ū*.
* Shortening of word-final *\*-ī* and *\*-ū* to *\*-i* and *\*-u*.
* Loss of *\*w* between a consonant and unstressed *\*u*.
* Unstressed *\*am* \> *\*um*.
* Unstressed *\*er* \> *\*ar* (if not already of Proto-Germanic date).
* *\*u*/ \> *\*i*/ in the second-person pronouns.

Many common innovations are of post-Proto-Northwest Germanic date, however. These could have spread through an already differentiated dialect continuum, or have been present in latent form and solidified only in the individual dialects.

* Unstressed *\*ai* \>  and *\*au* \> . In Norse, final *\*-aiz* \> *-ar* in the genitive singular of i-stems.
* Germanic a-mutation: stressed *\*u* \> *\*o* before a non-close vowel, unless followed by a nasal and consonant. The West Germanic dialects differ in the outcome, with northern ones preserving *\*u* while southern ones often have *\*o*. The Proto-West Germanic situation thus cannot have been uniform, let alone the Proto-Northwest Germanic one.
* Rhotacism: *\*z* \> *\*r*. This change postdated the West Germanic loss of word-final *\*-z*, and there are minor differences in the development of *\*z* in West Germanic as well.
* The replacement of reduplication with ablaut in the 7th class of strong verbs. This may have begun in the common history of North and West Germanic, but was not completed by the time of the split.

## Alternative groupings

Postulated common innovations in North Germanic and Gothic, which therefore challenge the Northwest Germanic hypothesis, include:

* Proto-Germanic /jj/, /ww/ \> /ddj/, /ɡɡw/ (e.g. Gothic *triggwa*, ON *tryggva*, OHG *triuwe*, "loyalty", see Holtzmann's Law)

A minority opinion is able to harmonize these two hypotheses by denying the genetic reality of both Northwest Germanic and Gotho-Nordic, seeing them rather as mere cover terms indicating close areal contacts. (Such areal contacts would have been quite strong among the early Germanic languages, given their close geographic position over a long period of time.) Under such an assumption, an early close relationship between Nordic and Gothic dialects does not exclude a later similar relationship between remaining North and West Germanic groups, once the Gothic migration had started in the 2nd or 3rd century.

There are also common innovations in Old High German and Gothic, which would appear to challenge both the Northwest Germanic and the Gotho-Nordic groupings. However, these are standardly taken to be the result of late areal contacts, based the cultural contacts across the Alps in the 5th and 6th centuries, reflected in the Christian loanwords from Gothic into Old High German.

## Sources

* Antonsen, E. H. (2002). *Runes and Germanic Linguistics*. Berlin, New York: Mouton. ISBN 3-11017462-6.
* Kufner, H F. (1972). "The grouping and separation of the Germanic languages". In van Coetsem, Frans; Kufner, H. F. (eds.). *Toward a Grammar of Proto-Germanic*. Tübingen: Niemeyer. pp. 71–97. ISBN 3-484-45001-X.`{{cite encyclopedia}}`: CS1 maint: ignored ISBN errors (link)
* Kuhn, Hans (1955–56). "Zur Gliederung der germanischen Sprachen". *Zeitschrift für deutsches Altertum und deutsche Literatur*. **86**: 1–47.
* Moulton, William F.; Buccini, Anthony F. (July 25, 2017). "Germanic languages". *Encyclopædia Britannica*. Encyclopædia Britannica, inc. Retrieved 19 December 2017.
* Nielsen, Hans Frede (1989). *The Germanic Languages. Origins and Early Dialectal Interrelations*. Tuscaloosa, London: University of Alabama. ISBN 0-8173-0423-1.
* Ringe, Don; Taylor, Ann (2014). *The Development of Old English - A Linguistic History of English*. Vol. II. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0199207848.
* Stiles, Patrick V. (2013-01-01). "The Pan-West Germanic Isoglosses and the Subrelationships of West Germanic to Other Branches". *NOWELE: North-Western European Language Evolution*. **66** (1): 5–38. doi:10.1075/nowele.66.1.02sti. ISSN 0108-8416.

## InfoBox

| Northwest Germanic | |
| --- | --- |
| (proposed) | |
| Geographic<br>distribution | Northern, Western and Central Europe (Pre-colonial) |
| Linguistic classification | Indo-European |
| Proto-language | Proto-Northwest Germanic |
| Subdivisions |  |
| Language codes | |
| Glottolog | ``nort3152`` |
| Modern NW Germanic languages in Europe | |


title: Osborne Township, Ontario

abstract: Osborne Township is a geographic township in the Unorganized North Part of Nipissing District in Northeastern Ontario, Canada. The Ontario Northland Railway, constructed in the early 20th century, runs from the middle south to the northwest of the township. The dispersed rural community of Jocko, without any passing sidings, and the railway point of Osborne, with one passing siding, are at the middle south and northwest of the township respectively. Osborne Township also contains the majority of the northwest part of Jocko Rivers Provincial Park. Within the park borders are Jocko Lake, the source of the Jocko River, and two tributaries of the Jocko River: Black Duck Creek and Sucker Creek. Other lakes all or in part in the township are Little Sucker Lake, Malone Lake and Sucker Lake. All are in the Saint Lawrence River drainage basin. A Hydro One transmission line traverses the township from north to south.

text:
# Osborne Township, Ontario

**Osborne Township** is a geographic township in the Unorganized North Part of Nipissing District in Northeastern Ontario, Canada. The Ontario Northland Railway, constructed in the early 20th century, runs from the middle south to the northwest of the township. The dispersed rural community of Jocko, without any passing sidings, and the railway point of Osborne, with one passing siding, are at the middle south and northwest of the township respectively.

Osborne Township also contains the majority of the northwest part of Jocko Rivers Provincial Park. Within the park borders are Jocko Lake, the source of the Jocko River, and two tributaries of the Jocko River (in downstream order): Black Duck Creek and (via Little Sucker Lake) Sucker Creek. Other lakes all or in part in the township are Little Sucker Lake, Malone Lake and Sucker Lake. All are in the Saint Lawrence River drainage basin.

A Hydro One transmission line traverses the township from north to south.

## InfoBox

| Osborne Township | |
| --- | --- |
| Geographic township | |
| Osborne TownshipLocation in Ontario | |
| Coordinates: 46°39′51″N 79°26′49″W / 46.66417°N 79.44694°W / 46.66417; -79.44694 | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | Ontario |
| District | Nipissing |
| Part | Unorganized North |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern Time Zone) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (Eastern Time Zone) |
| Area codes | 705, 249 |


title: Maria Morena (actress)

abstract: Maria Morena was active in her career in theater and film from 1950 to 1962. Among her accomplishments as an actress she starred in the film Sob o Céu da Bahia, the Brazilian adventure film directed by Ernesto Remani awarded an entry into the 9th Cannes Film Festival in 1956. Her casting photos may be accessed by the web site of de Conteúdos Culturais, of Brazil. Maria Morena was born Lea Castello in Rio de Janeiro. She married Willison Norman Barnett in Baltimore, MD in 1952. Lea Castello Barnett was also a famed sculptor; her artist name was "Lotiz". Presently some of her work is presented at the Museu Afro Brasil in Parque Ibirapuera, São Paulo, Brazil.

text:
# Maria Morena (actress)

**Maria Morena** (20 February 1929 – 22 February 2003) was active in her career in theater and film from 1950 to 1962. Among her accomplishments as an actress she starred in the film *Sob o Céu da Bahia*, the Brazilian adventure film directed by Ernesto Remani awarded an entry into the 9th Cannes Film Festival in 1956. Her casting photos may be accessed by the web site of de Conteúdos Culturais, of Brazil.

Maria Morena was born Lea Castello in Rio de Janeiro. She married Willison Norman Barnett in Baltimore, MD in 1952. Lea Castello Barnett was also a famed sculptor; her artist name was "Lotiz". Presently some of her work is presented at the Museu Afro Brasil in Parque Ibirapuera, São Paulo, Brazil.

1. "Banco de Conteúdos Culturais".

## InfoBox

| Maria Morena | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Lea Castello
(1929-02-20)20 February 1929
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil |
| Died | 22 February 2003(2003-02-22) (aged 74) |
| Occupation | * Actress |


title: Winger (surname)

abstract:
Winger is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
  - Anna Winger, American writer and artist
  - Debra Winger, American actress
  - Kara Winger, American track and field athlete
  - Kip Winger, American bass player and singer/songwriter
  - Mark Winger, American convicted murderer
  - Odd Winger (1923–1998), Norwegian journalist, novelist, and children's writer
  - Richard Winger, American political activist and analyst
  - Rob Winger, Canadian poet

text:
# Winger (surname)

**Winger** is a surname.

Notable people with the surname include:

* Anna Winger (born 1970), American writer and artist
* Debra Winger (born 1955), American actress
* Kara Winger (born 1986), American track and field athlete
* Kip Winger (born 1961), American bass player and singer/songwriter
* Mark Winger (born 1962), American convicted murderer
* Odd Winger (19231998), Norwegian journalist, novelist, and children's writer
* Richard Winger (born 1943), American political activist and analyst
* Rob Winger (born 1974), Canadian poet


title: Von Stadl

abstract: The Von Stadl family was the name of an Austrian noble family from Styria, which also belonged to the provincial nobility in Lower Austria. The lords of Stadl from the Kornberg line were raised to barons, a side branch to imperial counts styled as Reichsgraf von und zu Stadel-Kornberg. The male line of the family died out at the end of the 19th century.

text:
# Von Stadl

The **Von Stadl family** (also spelled **Stadler** or **Stadel**) was the name of an Austrian noble family from Styria, which also belonged to the provincial nobility in Lower Austria. The lords of Stadl from the Kornberg line were raised to barons, a side branch to imperial counts styled as *Reichsgraf von und zu Stadel-Kornberg*. The male line of the family died out at the end of the 19th century.

## History

The Stadl family was first mentioned in 1180 with Hugo von Stadl. The Knights of Stadl achieved great wealth and prestige in 1539 through the marriage of Christoph von Stadl to Anna von Graben, the heiress to the Lords von Graben zu Kornberg. Subsequently, Emperor Maximilian I. granted the Stadler dynasty the combination of their coat of arms with that of the lords of Graben (the Grabnerish with the upright spade). The inheritance of the lords of Graben included numerous and widely scattered lordships, estates and castles. This included the important lordship of Kornberg near Riegersburg with Kornberg Castle (1564–1825), as well as the Lordship Marburg, including the office and Marburg Castle, as well as Obermarburg Castle (Marburg an der Drau/Maribor, historically partly Marchburg; 1564 to around 1620 ). In addition, the inheritance included the possessions of Rohrbach an der Lafnitz, Grabenhofen with Alt-Grabenhofen Castle, Liechtenberg and Krottenhofen.

In 1597 the Stadl were elevated to the status of Baron. The Stadl family had their political heyday in the 16th and 17th centuries, where they provided, among other things, several military officers, politicians and provincial governors of Styria. In 1708, a branch of the family was elevated to the status of Imperial Count under the name von und zu Stadel-Kornberg. The Stadl family died out in 1882 through their baronial branch in the male

1. Wehrbauten in Österreich, Schloss Stadl
2. Adalbert Sikora: *Die Herren vom Graben.* In: *Zeitschrift des historischen Vereines für Steiermark.* 51. Jg., 1960, ISSN 0437-5890, p 82 and 93
3. Adalbert Sikora: *Die Herren vom Graben.* In: *Zeitschrift des historischen Vereines für Steiermark.* 51. Jg., 1960, ISSN 0437-5890, p 84
4. Adalbert Sikora: *Die Herren vom Graben.* In: *Zeitschrift des historischen Vereines für Steiermark.* 51. Jg., 1960, ISSN 0437-5890, p 82
5. Adalbert Sikora: *Die Herren vom Graben.* In: *Zeitschrift des historischen Vereines für Steiermark.* 51. Jg., 1960, ISSN 0437-5890, p 82–84 and 93.
6. BKLÖ, Die Freiherren von Stadl
7. Genealogisches Taschenbuch der deutschen gräflichen Häuser: 1846
8. Wehrbauten in Österreich, Schloss Stadl

## Literature


title: Pala Mesa, California

abstract: Pala Mesa is an unincorporated community in San Diego County, California, United States. The community is at the junction of Interstate 15 and California State Route 76, 11.1 miles (17.9 km) south of Temecula. It sits adjacent to the town of Fallbrook.

text:
# Pala Mesa, California

**Pala Mesa** is an unincorporated community in San Diego County, California, United States. The community is at the junction of Interstate 15 and California State Route 76, 11.1 miles (17.9 km) south of Temecula. It sits adjacent to the town of Fallbrook.

## History

Pala Mesa was founded in 1955 as a 686-acre (278 ha) development for ranch sites ranging from 15 to 50 acres (6.1 to 20.2 ha). It was advertised in association with nearby Fallbrook. Construction on the Pala Mesa Golf Course, which sits in the northwestern corner of the Pala Mesa area adjacent to the former U.S. Route 395 and the current Interstate 15, began construction in March 1961. The course opened in 1963.

Pala Mesa Village, a neighborhood of smaller homes near the I-15 and SR-76 interchange, was approved for construction in July 1963. The County Planning Commission attempted to block the construction of the neighborhood because some of the lots were smaller than 6,000 square feet (560 m2), the minimum size for a lot per the local ordinance. The San Diego County Board of Supervisors rejected the notion. The developers began selling homes in the community in October 1965 and the adobe brick homes were advertised as "America's first adobe community."

In July 1964, professional golfer Shirley Englehorn golfed at the Pala Mesa Golf Course and set a new record for the course with a four-under-par. The course became the home of the Palomar College men's golf team in 1965.

## InfoBox

| Pala Mesa, California | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| Pala MesaPala Mesa | |
| Coordinates: 33°19′56″N 117°09′49″W / 33.33222°N 117.16361°W / 33.33222; -117.16361 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | California |
| County | San Diego |
| Elevation | 108 m (354 ft) |
| Time zone | UTC-8 (Pacific (PST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-7 (PDT) |
| Area code(s) | 760/442 |
| GNIS feature ID | 1661175 |


title: Northwest Harborcreek, Pennsylvania

abstract: Northwest Harborcreek is a census-designated place (CDP) in Erie County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 8,949 at the 2010 census. It includes the unincorporated communities of Fairfield and Brookside and is part of the Erie Metropolitan Statistical Area.

text:
# Northwest Harborcreek, Pennsylvania

**Northwest Harborcreek** is a census-designated place (CDP) in Erie County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 8,949 at the 2010 census. It includes the unincorporated communities of Fairfield and Brookside and is part of the Erie Metropolitan Statistical Area.

## Geography

Northwest Harborcreek occupies the northwestern part of Harborcreek Township in northeastern Erie County. It is located at 42°8′53″N 79°59′44″W / 42.14806°N 79.99556°W / 42.14806; -79.99556 (42.148144, -79.995597) and is bordered to the west by Lawrence Park Township, the borough of Wesleyville, and the city of Erie. The northern edge of the CDP is the shore of Lake Erie.

Pennsylvania Route 5 (East Lake Road) runs through the northern (Fairfield) part of the CDP, leading southwest 5 miles (8 km) to downtown Erie and northeast 14 miles (23 km) to the New York state line. U.S. Route 20 (Buffalo Road) runs through the center of the CDP, leading southwest through Wesleyville 4 miles (6 km) into Erie and northeast 10 miles (16 km) to the borough of North East. Pennsylvania Route 430 passes through the southwestern (Brookside) part of the CDP, leading northwest into Wesleyville and southeast 2 miles (3 km) to Interstate 90 at Exit 32.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 5.0 square miles (13.0 km2), all land.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2020 | 8,772 |  |  |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |

As of the census of 2000, there were 8,658 people, 3,165 households, and 2,335 families residing in the community. The population density was 1,722.3 inhabitants per square mile (665.0/km2). There were 3,294 housing units at an average density of 655.3 per square mile (253.0/km2). The racial makeup of the community was 97.41% White, 1.39% African American, 0.09% Native American, 0.59% Asian, 0.12% from other races, and 0.40% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.44% of the population.

There were 3,165 households, out of which 31.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.9% were married couples living together, 7.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.2% were non-families. 22.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.60 and the average family size was 3.05.

The population was spread out, with 23.3% under the age of 18, 7.9% from 18 to 24, 24.9% from 25 to 44, 25.4% from 45 to 64, and 18.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.1 males.

The median income for a household in the community was $48,620, and the median income for a family was $55,774. Males had a median income of $41,250 versus $27,295 for females. The per capita income for the community was $21,135. About 2.7% of families and 5.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.5% of those under age 18 and 7.3% of those age 65 or over.

## InfoBox

| Northwest Harborcreek, Pennsylvania | |
| --- | --- |
| Census-designated place | |
| Location in Erie County and the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. | |
| Coordinates: 42°8′53″N 79°59′44″W / 42.14806°N 79.99556°W / 42.14806; -79.99556 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Pennsylvania |
| County | Erie |
| Township | Harborcreek |
| Area | |
| Total | 5.00 sq mi (12.96 km2) |
| Land | 5.00 sq mi (12.96 km2) |
| Water | 0.00 sq mi (0.00 km2) |
| Elevation | 726 ft (221 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 8,772 |
| Density | 1,753.35/sq mi (676.98/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-4 (EST) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (EDT) |
| Area code | 814 |
| FIPS code | 42-55572 |


title: Osborne William Tancock

abstract: Osborne William Tancock was an English clergyman, headmaster, and author. At Oxford he was President of the Oxford Union Society.

text:
# Osborne William Tancock

**Osborne William Tancock** (25 June 1839 – 26 March 1930) was an English clergyman, headmaster, and author. At Oxford he was President of the Oxford Union Society.

## Life

Born at Truro in Cornwall, Tancock was the son of a Church of England clergyman, the Rev. Dr. Osborne John Tancock, himself the son of Rear Admiral John Tancock RN. Educated at Truro Grammar School and Exeter College, Oxford, he took a second in Classical Moderations and later a second in Literae Humaniores, graduating BA in 1862 and MA in 1864. In 1862 he was promoted to Captain in the Oxford University Volunteer Rifles and in the Michaelmas term of the same year was President of the Oxford Union Society. He was ordained in 1864.

Between 1862 and 1879 Tancock was a master at Sherborne School, before being appointed as Headmaster of King Edward VI School, Norwich, in 1879. Ten years later he left Norwich to become Rector of Little Waltham, Essex, and did not retire from that benefice until 1925, when he was in his mid eighties. From 1906 to 1914 he was an Honorary Canon of St Albans Cathedral and after 1914 of Chelmsford. He also served as a member of the Essex County Council Education Committee between 1902 and 1924.

Tancock's younger brother the Rev. Charles Coverdale Tancock (1851–1922) also became a schoolmaster and was headmaster of Rossall School, 1886–1896, and of Tonbridge School, 1899–1907.

In 1865, Tancock married firstly Elizabeth Clara Kendall Channer. After her death in 1867 he married secondly, in 1874, Isabella Poyntz Wright. He had a total of five sons and two daughters. His son by his first marriage, Osborne Kendall Tancock (1866–1946) and his third son, Alexander Charles Tancock (died 1966) were British Army officers and retired as Colonels. Another son, Ernest Osborne Tancock (1886–1971), was a schoolmaster and amateur astronomer, known for his books *The Elements of Descriptive Astronomy* (1913) and *Starting Astronomy* (1951), as well as being the editor of Philips’ *Chart of the Stars* (1940, 1957).

In *Who's Who 1930* he gave his recreations as "Cricket in other days, lawn tennis, chess, natural history, zoology". When he died in 1930, at the age of ninety, his address was The Cedars, Springfield, Essex.

## Publications

* *England During the American and European Wars, 1765–1820* (New York: Harper, 1878; London: Longmans, Green, 1886)
* *The English Language* (reprinted 2010, ISBN 9788190600866)
* *Marlowe's Edward the Second* (1879)
* *Wiclif, a Lecture*
* *An English Grammar and reading book for lower forms in classical schools* (Clarendon Press, 1878)
* *An Elementary English Grammar and Exercise Book*
* *Epoch of English History*
* *The old parish register books of the deanery of Chelmsford* (1896)

## InfoBox

| O. W. Tancock | |
| --- | --- |
| Orders | |
| Ordination | 1864 |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1839-06-25)25 June 1839<br>Truro, Cornwall |
| Died | 26 March 1930(1930-03-26) (aged 90) |
| Nationality | English |
| Denomination | Church of England |
| Residence | The Cedars, Springfield, Essex |
| Parents | Rev. Dr. Osborne John Tancock |
| Spouse | Elizabeth Clara Kendall Channer |
| Children | Five sons and two daughters |
| Occupation | Clergyman, headmaster, and author |
| Education | Truro Grammar School |
| Alma mater | Exeter College, Oxford |


title: Surface of Eceon

abstract: Surface of Eceon is an American rock band. Their music has been described as ambient space rock. This unit, which has a penchant for the phantasmagoric, includes members from the psychedelic rock groups, Landing and Yume Bitsu. They released three albums between 2001 and 2007 as well as other recordings.

text:
# Surface of Eceon

**Surface of Eceon** (or **Surface of Eceyon**) is an American rock band. Their music has been described as ambient space rock. This unit, which has a penchant for the phantasmagoric, includes members from the psychedelic rock groups, Landing and Yume Bitsu. They released three albums between 2001 and 2007 as well as other recordings.

## Current line-up

* Dick Baldwin: guitar
* Adam Forkner: guitar, vocals
* Daron Gardner: bass guitar
* Phil Jenkins: percussion
* Aaron Snow: guitar, synthesizer and vocals

## Discography

* The King Beneath the Mountain CD (released via Strange Attractors on November 13, 2001)
* Dragyyn CD (released via Strange Attractors on June 3, 2003)
* Crickets and Fireflies CD (split album with Kinski and Paik released by Music Fellowship in 2004)
* Revenge of Dragon LP (released via Music Fellowship in 2007)


# List of members of the National Assembly (South Korea), 1985–1988

The members of the twelfth National Assembly of South Korea were elected on 12 February 1985. The Assembly sat from 11 April 1985 until 29 May 1988. Their four-year term was officially supposed to be over on 10 April 1989, but the Constitution of the Sixth Republic of South Korea shortened their terms.

## Members elected in the 1985 election

| Province/city | Constituency | Member | Party | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Seoul | Jongno–Jung | Lee Jong-chan |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | | Lee Min-woo |  | New Korean Democratic Party |
| | Mapo–Yongsan | Noh Sung-hwan |  | New Korean Democratic Party |
| | Pong Du-wan |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | Seongdong | Lee Sei-kee |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | Park Yong-man |  | New Korean Democratic Party |
| | Dongdaemun | Song Won-yong |  | New Korean Democratic Party |
| | Kwon Young-woo |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | Seongbuk | Lee Chul |  | New Korean Democratic Party |
| | Kim Chung-rye |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | Dobong | Chough Soon-hyung |  | New Korean Democratic Party |
| | Hong Sung-woo |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | Seodaemun–Eunpyeong | Kim Jae-kwang |  | New Korean Democratic Party |
| | Yoon Giel-joong |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | Gangseo | Kim Yung-bae |  | New Korean Democratic Party |
| | Nam Jae-hee |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | Guro | Cho Youn-ha |  | New Korean Democratic Party |
| | Kim Ki-bae |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | Yeongdeungpo | Park Han-sang |  | New Korean Democratic Party |
| | Lee Chan-hyuk |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | Dongjak | Park Sil |  | New Korean Democratic Party |
| | Huh Chung-ill |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | Gwanak | Kim Soo-han |  | New Korean Democratic Party |
| | Yim Churl-soon |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | Gangnam | Kim Hyung-rhae |  | New Korean Democratic Party |
| | Lee Choong-jae |  | Democratic Korea Party |
| | Gangdong | Kim Dong-kyu |  | New Korean Democratic Party |
| | Chung Nam |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| Busan | Jung–Dong–Yeongdo | Kim Jung-kil |  | Democratic Korea Party |
| | | Park Chan-jong |  | New Korean Democratic Party |
| | Seo–Saha | Seo Seok-jai |  | New Korean Democratic Party |
| | Kwak Jung-chul |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | Busanjin | Kang Kyung-sik |  | Korean National Party |
| | Kim Jeung-soo |  | New Korean Democratic Party |
| | Dongnae | Lee Geon-il |  | Democratic Korea Party |
| | Park Kwan-yong |  | New Korean Democratic Party |
| | Nam–Haeundae | Lee Ki-taek |  | New Korean Democratic Party |
| | Yoo Heung-soo |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | Buk | Chang Sung-man |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | Moon Jung-soo |  | New Korean Democratic Party |
| Daegu | Jung–Seo | Yoo Sung-hwan |  | New Korean Democratic Party |
| | | Lee Man-sup |  | Korean National Party |
| | Dong–Buk | Kim Yong-tae |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | Mok Yo-sang |  | Democratic Korea Party |
| | Nam–Suseong | Rhee Chi-ho |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | Shin Do-hwan |  | New Korean Democratic Party |
| Incheon | Jung–Nam | Shim Chung-ku |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | | Myeong Hwa-sub |  | New Korean Democratic Party |
| | Dong–Buk | Yoo Jei-yeun |  | New Korean Democratic Party |
| | Kim Sook-hyun |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| Gyeonggi Province | Suwon–Hwaseong | Lee Byung-jick |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | | Park Wang-sik |  | New Korean Democratic Party |
| | Seongnam–Gwangju | Lee Dae-yub |  | Korean National Party |
| | Oh Se-eung |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | Uijeongbu–Dongducheon–Yangju | Kim Heung-kwang |  | New Korean Democratic Party |
| | Hong Woo-joon |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | Anyang–Gwangmyeong–Siheung–Ongjin | Lee Taek-don |  | New Korean Democratic Party |
| | Yoon Kook-ro |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | Bucheon–Gimpo–Ganghwa | An Dong-seon |  | New Korean Democratic Party |
| | Park Kyu-sik |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | Namyangju–Yangpyeong | Kim Young-sun |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | Jo Byeong-bong |  | Korean National Party |
| | Yeoju–Icheon–Yongin | Jong Dong-song |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | Cho Jong-ik |  | Democratic Korea Party |
| | Songtan–Pyeongtaek–Anseong | Lee Ja-hon |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | Yoo Chi-song |  | Democratic Korea Party |
| | Paju–Goyang | Lee Yong-ho |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | Lee Young-joon |  | Democratic Korea Party |
| | Yeoncheon–Pocheon–Gapyeong | Lee Han-dong |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | Kim Yong-chae |  | Korean National Party |
| Gangwon Province | Chuncheon–Chunseong–Cheolwon–Hwacheon | Lee Min-sup |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | | Sin Chul-gyn |  | Korean National Party |
| | Wonju–Wonseong–Hongcheon–Hoengseong | Kim Yong-dai |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | Hahm Jong-han |  | Korean National Party |
| | Donghae–Taebaek–Samcheok | Kim Jung-nam |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | Kim Hyo-yung |  | Independent |
| | Gangneung–Myeongju–Yangyang | Rhee Bomb-june |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | Lee Bong-mo |  | Korean National Party |
| | Sokcho–Yanggu–Inje–Goseong | Chung Jae-chull |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | Heo Gyeong-gu |  | Democratic Korea Party |
| | Yeongwol–Pyeongchang–Jeongseon | Shim Myung-boo |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | Shin Min-sun |  | Korean National Party |
| North Chungcheong Province | Cheongju–Cheongwon | Chung Chong-teck |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | | Kim Hyun-soo |  | New Korean Democratic Party |
| | Chungju–Jecheon–Jungwon–Jewon–Danyang | Lee Choon-koo |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | Lee Taeck-hy |  | New Korean Democratic Party |
| | Boeun–Okcheon–Yeongdong | Park Jun-byung |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | Lee Yong-hee |  | Democratic Korea Party |
| | Jincheon–Gwisan–Eumseong | Kim Chong-hoh |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | Kim Wan-tae |  | Korean National Party |
| South Chungcheong Province | Dong, Daejeon | Song Chun-young |  | New Korean Democratic Party |
| | | Nam Jae-du |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | Jung, Daejeon | Kang Chang-hee |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | Kim Tae-ryong |  | New Korean Democratic Party |
| | Cheonan–Cheonwon–Asan | Chung Sun-ho |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | Chung Jae-won |  | Democratic Korea Party |
| | Geumsan–Daedeok–Yeongi | Cheon Yeong-seong |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | Yoo Han-yul |  | Democratic Korea Party |
| | Nonsan–Gongju | Chung Suk-mo |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | Kim Han-soo |  | New Korean Democratic Party |
| | Buyeo–Seocheon–Boryeong | Lee Sang-ik |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | Kim Ok-sun |  | New Korean Democratic Party |
| | Cheongyang–Hongseong–Yesan | Choi Chang-kyu |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | Kim Sung-sik |  | Democratic Korea Party |
| | Seosan–Dangjin | Kim Hyun-uk |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | Jang Ki-uk |  | Democratic Korea Party |
| North Jeolla Province | Jeonju–Wanju | Yi Cheol-seung |  | New Korean Democratic Party |
| | | Lim Bang-hyun |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | Gunsan–Okgu | Koh Kun |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | Kim Bong-wook |  | Democratic Korea Party |
| | Iri–Iksan | Kim Deuk-soo |  | Korean National Party |
| | Cho Nam-jo |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | Jinan–Muju–Jangsu | Jeon Byeong-woo |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | Kim Kwang-soo |  | Korean National Party |
| | Namwon City–Imsil–Namwon County–Sunchang | Yang Chang-sik |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | Choi Yong-an |  | Korean National Party |
| | Jeongju–Jeongeup–Gochang | Jun Jong-chun |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | Yoo Kab-chong |  | New Democratic Party |
| | Buan–Gimje | Choi Rak-do |  | New Korean Democratic Party |
| | Cho Sang-rae |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| South Jeolla Province | Dong–Buk, Gwangju | Shin Ki-ha |  | New Korean Democratic Party |
| | | Koh Kwi-nam |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | Seo, Gwangju | Kim Nok-yeong |  | New Korean Democratic Party |
| | Lee Young-il |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | Mokpo–Muan–Sinan | Choi Young-choul |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | Im Jong-ki |  | Democratic Korea Party |
| | Yeosu–Yeocheon–Gwangyang | Kim Chai-ho |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | Shin Soon-beom |  | New Korean Democratic Party |
| | Suncheon–Gurye–Seungju | You Kyung-hyun |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | Huh Kyung-man |  | New Korean Democratic Party |
| | Geumseong–Gwangsan–Naju | Na Sok-ho |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | Lee Jai-keun |  | Democratic Korea Party |
| | Damyang–Gokseong–Hwasun | Koo Yong-sang |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | Koh Jae-chung |  | Democratic Korea Party |
| | Goheung–Boseong | Lee Dai-soon |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | Yoo Joon-sang |  | Democratic Korea Party |
| | Jangheung–Gangjin–Yeongam–Wando | Kim Sik |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | Lee Young-kwon |  | New Korean Democratic Party |
| | Haenam–Jindo | Jeong Si-chae |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | Kim Bong-ho |  | New Politics Socialist Party |
| | Yeonggwang–Hampyeong–Jangseong | Cho Ki-sang |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | Lee Jin-yon |  | Democratic Korea Party |
| North Gyeongsang Province | Pohang–Yeongil–Ulleung | Park Kyung-suk |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | | Seu Jong-yeul |  | Democratic Korea Party |
| | Gyeongju–Wolseong–Cheongdo | Park Kwon-hoem |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | Kim Il-yun |  | Democratic Korea Party |
| | Gimcheon–Geumneung–Sangju | Kim Sang-koo |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | Lee Jae-ok |  | New Korean Democratic Party |
| | Andong City–Andong County–Uiseong | Kwon Jong-dal |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | Kim Young-saeng |  | Korean National Party |
| | Gumi–Gunwi–Seonsan–Chilgok | Park Jae-hong |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | Kim Hyun-kyiu |  | Independent |
| | Yeongju–Yeongpung–Yeongyang–Bonghwa | Oh Han-koo |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | Hong Sa-duk |  | New Korean Democratic Party |
| | Dalseong–Goryeong–Seongju | Kim Jong-ki |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | Lee Yong-taek |  | Independent |
| | Yeongdeok–Cheongsong–Uljin | Kim Joong-kwon |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | Hwang Byung-woo |  | Democratic Korea Party |
| | Yeongcheon City–Yeongcheon County–Gyeongsan | Yum Kil-jung |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | Kwon Oh-tae |  | New Korean Democratic Party |
| | Mungyeong–Yecheon | Chae Mun-shick |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | Ban Hyung-sik |  | New Korean Democratic Party |
| South Gyeongsang Province | Masan | Kang Sam-jae |  | New Korean Democratic Party |
| | | Woo Byung-kyu |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | Ulsan–Ulju | Kim Tae-ho |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | Shim Wan-gu |  | Democratic Korea Party |
| | Jinju–Jinyang–Samcheonpo–Sacheon | Ann Byung-kyu |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | Lee Sang-min |  | Democratic Korea Party |
| | Cheongwon–Jinhae–Uichang | Bae Myung-gook |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | Hwang Nak-joo |  | Democratic Korea Party |
| | Chungmu–Tongyeong–Geoje–Goseong | Chung Soon-duk |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | Kim Bong-jo |  | New Korean Democratic Party |
| | Uiryeong–Haman–Hapcheon | Yu Sang-ho |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | Cho Hong-rae |  | New Korean Democratic Party |
| | Milyang–Changnyeong | Shin Sang-sik |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | Park Il |  | Democratic Korea Party |
| | Gimhae City–Gimhae County–Yangsan | Lee Jae-woo |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | Kim Dong-joo |  | New Korean Democratic Party |
| | Namhae–Hadong | Park Ik-joo |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | Choi Chi-whan |  | Korean National Party |
| | Sancheong–Hamyang–Geochang | Kwon Ik-hyun |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | Kim Dong-yong |  | New Korean Democratic Party |
| Jeju Province | Jeju–Bukjeju–Namjeju | Hyun Kyung-dae |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | | Yang Jung-kyu |  | Independent |
| National | Proportional representation | Lee Chai-hyung |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | | Chin Iee-chong |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | | Roh Tae-woo |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | | Wang Sang-eun |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | | Yoo Hak-seong |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | | Lee Sang-jae |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | | Suh Chung-hwa |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | | Park Johng-moon |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | | Kang Kyong-shik |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | | Hwang In-sung |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | | Park Dong-jin |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | | Lee Yong-hoon |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | | Rha Woong-bae |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | | Cho Il-mun |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | | Kwon Joong-dong |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | | Lee Seong-ryul |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | | Kim Hyun-ja |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | | Bae Seong-tong |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | | Hyun Hong-choo |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | | Lee Young-wook |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | | Kim Young-jak |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | | Cho Sang-hyun |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | | Kim Yung-chung |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | | Ahn Kap-jun |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | | Kim Sung-ky |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | | Cho Chong-ho |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | | Rhee Shang-hi |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | | Ryu Geun-hwan |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | | Han Yang-soon |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | | Hong Jong-wook |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | | Chung Chang-wha |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | | Kim Chong-in |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | | Kim Yung-koo |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | | Choe Byung-yul |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | | Kang Yong-sik |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | | Song Yong-sik |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | | Chi Youn-tai |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | | Im Du-bin |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | | Chung Hyun-kyung |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | | Chin Chi-pom |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | | Choi Young-duk |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | | Im Yeong-deuk |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | | Kim Jip |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | | Chi Kap-chong |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | | Choi Myun-hun |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | | Lee Jong-ryool |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | | Cho Kyung-mok |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | | Kim Hyung-hio |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | | Kim Hak-joon |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | | Suh Jung-hwa |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | | Kim Duoo-jong |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | | Yang Kyung-ja |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | | Moon Hi-gab |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | | Kim Yang-bae |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | | Chung Hui-dong |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | | Kim Jang-sook |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | | Park He-kyong |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | | Lee Choul-woo |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | | Ahn Young-wha |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | | Choi Sang-jin |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | | Lee Sung-ho |  | Democratic Justice Party |
| | | Shin Dal-soo |  | New Korean Democratic Party |
| | | Lim Choon-won |  | New Korean Democratic Party |
| | | Ko Han-joon |  | New Korean Democratic Party |
| | | Kim Hyung-kyung |  | New Korean Democratic Party |
| | | Chung Jey-moon |  | New Korean Democratic Party |
| | | Han Seok-bong |  | New Korean Democratic Party |
| | | Yun Young-tak |  | New Korean Democratic Party |
| | | Shin Byung-lyul |  | New Korean Democratic Party |
| | | Park Jong-yull |  | New Korean Democratic Party |
| | | Cho Young-soo |  | New Korean Democratic Party |
| | | Kim Byung-soo |  | New Korean Democratic Party |
| | | Kim Dong-wook |  | New Korean Democratic Party |
| | | Lee Kil-bum |  | New Korean Democratic Party |
| | | Kim Yong-oh |  | New Korean Democratic Party |
| | | Jang Chung-jun |  | New Korean Democratic Party |
| | | Choi Fun |  | New Korean Democratic Party |
| | | Shin Kyung-sul |  | New Korean Democratic Party |
| | | Lee Tae-gu |  | Democratic Korea Party |
| | | Park Hae-chung |  | Democratic Korea Party |
| | | Sin Jae-hyu |  | Democratic Korea Party |
| | | Son Tai-gon |  | Democratic Korea Party |
| | | Chung Sang-koo |  | Democratic Korea Party |
| | | Choi Woon-ji |  | Democratic Korea Party |
| | | Shin Dong-jun |  | Democratic Korea Party |
| | | Hwang Dae-bong |  | Democratic Korea Party |
| | | Song Hyun-sup |  | Democratic Korea Party |
| | | Kim Chong-chul |  | Korean National Party |
| | | Chung Si-bong |  | Korean National Party |
| | | Moon Byung-ha |  | Korean National Party |
| | | Kim Kyu-won |  | Korean National Party |
| | | Choi Jae-ku |  | Korean National Party |

## Changes in membership

| Date | Constituency | Incumbent | Party | | New member | Party | | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 10 July 1985 | Seo, Gwangju, South Jeolla Province | Kim Nok-yeong |  | New Korean Democratic | *Seat remained vacant* | | | Incumbent died on 10 July 1985. No by-election held. |
| 1 August 1985 | Proportional representation | Hwang In-sung |  | Democratic Justice | Lee Jin |  | Democratic Justice | Incumbent resigned on 1 August 1985 upon appointment as Minister of Agriculture; replaced by the next member in the Democratic Justice list. |
| | Proportional representation | Kim Sung-ky |  | Democratic Justice | Chung Ho-keun |  | Democratic Justice | Incumbent resigned on 1 August 1985 upon appointment as Minister of Justice; replaced by the next member in the Democratic Justice list. |
| | Proportional representation | Moon Hi-gab |  | Democratic Justice | Kim Zoong-wie |  | Democratic Justice | Incumbent resigned on 1 August 1985 upon appointment as the director of the Economic Planning Board; replaced by the next member in the Democratic Justice list. |
| 17 September 1985 | Proportional representation | Kim Young-jak |  | Democratic Justice | Park Sung-tae |  | Democratic Justice | Incumbent resigned on 17 September 1985; replaced by the next member in the Democratic Justice list. |
| 19 September 1985 | Proportional representation | Park He-kyong |  | Democratic Justice | Kim Chung-giun |  | Democratic Justice | Incumbent resigned on 19 September 1985; replaced by the next member in the Democratic Justice list. |
| 3 September 1986 | Proportional representation | Lee Jong-ryool |  | Democratic Justice | Kim Tae-soo |  | Democratic Justice | Incumbent resigned on 3 September 1986 upon appointment as the Chief Presidential Secretary for Public Affairs; replaced by the next member in the Democratic Justice list. |
| 13 October 1986 | Proportional representation | Kim Yang-bae |  | Democratic Justice | Hong Hee-pyo |  | Democratic Justice | Incumbent resigned on 13 October 1986 upon appointment as the Mayor of Gwangju; replaced by the next member in the Democratic Justice list. |
| 14 November 1986 | Proportional representation | Kim Chong-chul |  | Korean National | Cho Yong-jik |  | Korean National | Incumbent died on 14 November 1986; replaced by the next member in the Democratic Justice list. |
| 9 December 1986 | Anyang–Gwangmyeong–Siheung–Ongjin, Gyeonggi Province | Yoon Kook-ro |  | Democratic Justice | *Seat remained vacant* | | | Incumbent died on 9 December 1986. No by-election held. |
| 27 May 1987 | Namhae–Hadong, South Gyeongsang Province | Choi Chi-whan |  | Korean National | *Seat remained vacant* | | | Incumbent died on 27 May 1987. No by-election held. |
| 13 July 1987 | Proportional representation | Rha Woong-bae |  | Democratic Justice | Kim Moon-kee |  | Democratic Justice | Incumbent resigned on 13 July 1987 upon appointment as Minister of Commerce and Industry; replaced by the next member in the Democratic Justice list. |
| 24 August 1987 | Gwanak, Seoul | Yim Churl-soon |  | Democratic Justice | *Seat remained vacant* | | | Incumbent died on 24 August 1987. No by-election held. |
| 20 November 1987 | Jongno–Jung, Seoul | Lee Min-woo |  | New Korean Democratic | *Seat remained vacant* | | | Incumbent resigned on 20 November 1987. No by-election held. |
| 20 December 1987 | Proportional representation | Roh Tae-woo |  | Democratic Justice | Chung Dong-yun |  | Democratic Justice | Incumbent resigned on 20 December 1987 upon election as the President of South Korea; replaced by the next member in the Democratic Justice list. |
| 29 March 1988 | Proportional representation | Kim Hak-joon |  | Democratic Justice | Sim Guk-mu |  | Democratic Justice | Incumbent resigned on 29 March 1988; replaced by the next member in the Democratic Justice list. |
| 11 May 1988 | Proportional representation | Park Dong-jin |  | Democratic Justice | Kim Jong-yeul |  | Democratic Justice | Incumbent resigned on 11 May 1988 upon appointment as ambassador of South Korea to the United States; replaced by the next member in the Democratic Justice list. |


title: Tintorettor Jishu (novel)

abstract: Tintorettor Jishu is a mystery novel by Satyajit Ray about an adventure of Feluda. A movie directed by Sandip Ray has been made based on the story. An extensive shoot schedule at Hong Kong during May 2008 takes Feluda movies to a new height. The book was published by Ananda Publishers in 1983.

text:
# Tintorettor Jishu (novel)

***Tintorettor Jishu*** (***Tintoretto's Jesus***) is a mystery novel by Satyajit Ray about an adventure of Feluda. A movie directed by Sandip Ray has been made based on the story (released in December 2008). An extensive shoot schedule at Hong Kong during May 2008 takes Feluda movies to a new height. The book was published by Ananda Publishers in 1983.

## Plot summary

A famous painting by the Italian maestro Tintoretto is gifted to the Neogi family by the aristocratic Italian Cassini family. However, not everyone is aware of the value of the painting. One of the family members steals it, and international buyers are interested in it. Feluda chases the criminals all the way to Hong Kong. There was a surprise waiting for him there. Eventually, Feluda (with the help of a relative stranger, who turns out to be a Neogi family member) succeeds in solving the mystery.

### True incidence behind this story

This is related to an actual story of a Miniature Italian painting, belonging to the aristocratic Neogi family, Rajas of Baikunthapur, now Aloya in the district of Tangail, presently in Bangladesh. Satyajit Ray was a close friend of Kumar Sudhanshu Mohan Neogi, of the same family and drew inspiration of this novel from this painting, its theft and subsequent recovery from Dhaka and its eventual auction to help the family buy property in Calcutta (now Kolkata).

### Feluda and the former Maharajas

The native princes play an interesting part in the history of British India. Though under the protection of the British Raj, they had a certain amount of power within their domain. Apart from patronizing cricket in India, many of them were involved in promoting social and cultural activities in India.

In *Tintorettor Jishu* we meet the (fictional) former Maharaja of Bhagwanagarh, Mr Bhudev Singh. Another former Maharaja Suraj Singh appears in *Golapi Mukta Rahasya*. The young prince of Rupnaryangarh plays an important role in *Ebar Kando Kedarnathe*. However, the Maharajas and the princes are more prominent in the *Tarini Khuro* series, another creation of Satyajit Ray.

## Adaptation

A film in the same name based on this novel was released in 2008, directed by Sandip Ray.

## InfoBox

Tintorettor Jishu
| First edition | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Satyajit Ray |
| Language | Bengali |
| Series | Feluda |
| Genre | Detective fiction |
| Publisher | Ananda Publishers |
| Publication place | India |


title: Padina pavonica

abstract: Padina pavonica, commonly known as the peacock's tail, is a small brown alga found in the Indian Ocean, the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. It inhabits pools in the littoral zone typically with clayey, silty or sandy sediments. Other habitats include rocks and shell fragments in the shallow sublittoral, seagrass meadows, mangrove roots and coral reefs on tidal flats.

text:
# Padina pavonica

***Padina pavonica***, commonly known as the **peacock's tail**, is a small brown alga found in the Indian Ocean, the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. It inhabits pools in the littoral zone typically with clayey, silty or sandy sediments. Other habitats include rocks and shell fragments in the shallow sublittoral, seagrass meadows, mangrove roots and coral reefs on tidal flats.

## Description

*Padina pavonica* is a distinctive small brown alga growing to a diameter of up to 10 cm (4 in). Young fronds are thin, leafy and flat, with entire margins. Older fronds are thicker, concave, fan-shaped or funnel-shaped, with lobed margins. The outer (under) surface has concentric rows of small, fine hairs and is banded with zones of olive green, pale and dark brown, while the inner (upper) surface is covered with a thin layer of slime. Both sides are thinly calcified and the margins tend to curl inwards. The blades are attached by a holdfast which may be matted.

## Distribution and habitat

This seaweed has a wide distribution in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea, the southern Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. The British Isles is its most northerly limit in the Atlantic Ocean, and it occurs on the south coast of Ireland, in Pembrokeshire and on the south coast of England. It grows in pools in the littoral zone and in the shallow infralittoral zone. It typically grows where there are sandy, clayey or silty sediments in pools beneath receding mudstone and sandstone cliffs. Other habitats include mangrove roots, rocks, pieces of shell, seagrass meadows and coral reefs on flats in the lower intertidal zone.

## Ecology

The life cycle of this seaweed includes sexual reproduction and spore-producing asexual reproduction. In Britain the fronds die back in winter and the rhizoids resprout in the early summer, producing new fronds. After about twenty days these are mature, 20 mm (0.8 in) long or more, and produce tetraspores in concentric rings a millimetre or so wide. By the time the frond reaches a length of 50 mm (2.0 in) it will have produced six to twelve generations of tetraspores. In Britain, plants seem to reproduce entirely asexually but in other parts of the seaweed's range, plants can be either male or female and produce gametophytes which release gametes into the sea.

## Human Uses

Extracts of this seaweed have been found to have anticarcinogenic and cytotoxic activity. For example, an organic extract shows toxicity to the oral epidermoid carcinoma cell line KB with a minimal infective dose of 6.5 μg/ml. A benzene extract of the seaweed has been shown to be effective in controlling the red cotton stainer (*Dysdercus cingulatus*), a pest of cotton crops, killing both eggs and nymphs.

## InfoBox

| *Padina pavonica* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| *Clade*: | Diaphoretickes |
| *Clade*: | SAR |
| *Clade*: | Stramenopiles |
| Phylum: | Gyrista |
| Subphylum: | Ochrophytina |
| Class: | Phaeophyceae |
| Order: | Dictyotales |
| Family: | Dictyotaceae |
| Genus: | *Padina* |
| Species: | ***P. pavonica*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Padina pavonica***<br>(L.) Thivy | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Dictyota pavonia* (Linnaeus) Lamouroux, 1809 * *Fucus pavonicus* Linnaeus, 1753 * *Fucus pavonius* Linnaeus, 1759 * *Padina mediterranea* Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1827 * *Padina pavonia* (Linnaeus) J.V.Lamouroux, 1816 * *Ulva pavonia* (Linnaeus) Linnaeus, 1767 * *Zonaria pavonia* C.Agardh, 1820 | |


title: Nymphidiini

abstract: The Nymphidiini are one of the larger tribes of metalmark butterflies. As numerous Riodinidae genera have not yet been unequivocally assigned to a tribe, the genus list is preliminary. The Theopina subtribe was formerly considered a distinct tribe Theopini.

text:
# Nymphidiini

The **Nymphidiini** are one of the larger tribes of metalmark butterflies (family Riodinidae). As numerous Riodinidae genera have not yet been unequivocally assigned to a tribe, the genus list is preliminary. The Theopina subtribe was formerly considered a distinct tribe **Theopini**.

## Genera

--

## InfoBox

| Nymphidiini | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Ariconias glaphyra*
the Pantanal, Brazil | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Riodinidae |
| Subfamily: | Riodininae |
| Tribe: | Nymphidiini
Bates, 1859 |
|
| Genera | |
| Numerous, see text | |


abstract: Osborne Township is a township in Pipestone County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 324 at the 2000 census. Osborne Township was organized in 1879, and named for J. C. Osborne, the cousin of a first settler.

text:
# Osborne Township, Pipestone County, Minnesota

**Osborne Township** is a township in Pipestone County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 324 at the 2000 census.

Osborne Township was organized in 1879, and named for J. C. Osborne, the cousin of a first settler.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 34.9 square miles (90.4 km2), all land.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 324 people, 116 households, and 101 families residing in the township. The population density was 9.3 people per square mile (3.6/km2). There were 127 housing units at an average density of 3.6/sq mi (1.4/km2). The racial makeup of the township was 99.38% White, and 0.62% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.62% of the population.

There were 116 households, out of which 37.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 84.5% were married couples living together, 0.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 12.9% were non-families. 12.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 2.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.79 and the average family size was 3.05.

In the township the population was spread out, with 26.9% under the age of 18, 7.1% from 18 to 24, 27.8% from 25 to 44, 30.2% from 45 to 64, and 8.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 118.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 111.6 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $37,083, and the median income for a family was $42,750. Males had a median income of $27,250 versus $17,500 for females. The per capita income for the township was $15,959. About 7.5% of families and 9.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.0% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.

## Politics

Osborne Township is located in Minnesota's 1st congressional district, represented by Mankato educator Tim Walz, a Democrat. At the state level, Osborne Township is located in Senate District 22, represented by Republican Doug Magnus, and in House District 22A, represented by Republican Joe Schomacker.

## InfoBox

| Osborne Township, Minnesota | |
| --- | --- |
| Township | |
| Osborne Township, MinnesotaLocation within the state of MinnesotaOsborne Township, MinnesotaOsborne Township, Minnesota (the United States) | |
| Coordinates: 43°53′38″N 96°7′43″W / 43.89389°N 96.12861°W / 43.89389; -96.12861 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Minnesota |
| County | Pipestone |
| Area | |
| Total | 34.9 sq mi (90.4 km2) |
| Land | 34.9 sq mi (90.4 km2) |
| Water | 0.0 sq mi (0.0 km2) |
| Elevation | 1,621 ft (494 m) |
| Population (2000) | |
| Total | 324 |
| Density | 9.3/sq mi (3.6/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| ZIP code | 56128 |
| Area code | 507 |
| FIPS code | 27-48832 |
| GNIS feature ID | 0665226 |


title: Ursula Șchiopu

abstract: Ursula Mariana Șchiopu was a Romanian psychologist, academic, and poet. She contributed to the development of the psychology of peace, war, and terrorism.

text:
# Ursula Șchiopu

**Ursula Mariana Șchiopu** (July 30, 1918 – March 4, 2015) was a Romanian psychologist, academic, and poet. She contributed to the development of the psychology of peace, war, and terrorism.

## Selected works

**Psychological**

* Psihologia copilului, vol. I și II, Editura Didactică și Pedagogică;
* Psihologia copilului, E.D.P., 1963;
* Psihologia copilului, E.D.P., 1976, ediția a II-a;
* Introducere în psihodiagnostic, T.U.B.;
* Orientare școlară și profesională, T.U.B., 1971;
* Psihologia vârstelor, E.D.P., (with Emil Verza);
* Dezvoltarea operativității gândirii, Editura Științifică, 1966, preface by acad. Gh. Mihoc;
* Criza de originalitate la adolescenți, E.D.P., 1970;
* Probleme psihologice ale jocului și distracțiilor, E.D.P., 1970;
* Dicționar enciclopedic de psihologie, T.U.B., 1969;
* Adolescență, personalitate, limbaj, Ed. Albatros, 1989, with Emil Verza;
* Psihologia vârstelor, E.D.P., 1997, with Emil Verza;
* Psihologia generală a copilului, E.D.P., 1982 ediția I și 1985 – ediția a II-a, with V. Pisloi;
* Dicționar enciclopedic de psihologie, editor, București, Ed. Babel, 1997;
* Psihologia artelor, E.D.P., 1999;
* Psihologia diferențială (2 vol.), România Press, 2006;
* Istoria psihologiei, Ed Academiei Române, 2007;
* Psihologia moderna, Ed. Diana Press SRL, 2008.

**Poetry**

* Drum prin zodii, 1939;
* Cer troglodit,1943;
* Poeme, 1967;
* Reîntoarcerile, 1973;
* Peisaj interior, 1970;
* Pendul cosmic,1984;
* Mărturisiri de noapte,1980;
* La marginea timpului care își caută umbra,2004;
* Antologia poeziei canadiene franceze,1976, com Al. Andrițoiu.

## InfoBox

| Ursula Șchiopu | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1918-07-30)July 30, 1918
Cluj, Romania |
| Died | (2015-03-04)March 4, 2015 (aged 96)
Bucharest, Romania |
| Nationality | Romanian |
| Alma mater | University of Bucharest |
| Known for | Psychology of peace |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Psychology |
| Institutions | University of Bucharest |
|  | |


title: Surface of class VII

abstract:
In mathematics, surfaces of class VII are non-algebraic complex surfaces studied by (Kodaira 1964, 1968) that have Kodaira dimension −∞ and first Betti number 1. Minimal surfaces of class VII (those with
no rational curves with self-intersection −1) are called surfaces of class VII0. Every class VII surface is birational to a unique minimal class VII surface, and can be obtained from this minimal surface by blowing up points a finite number of times. The name "class VII" comes from (Kodaira 1964, theorem 21), which divided minimal surfaces into 7 classes numbered I0 to VII0. However Kodaira's class VII0 did not have the condition that the Kodaira dimension is −∞, but instead had the condition that the geometric genus is 0. As a result, his class VII0 also included some other surfaces, such as secondary Kodaira surfaces, that are no longer considered to be class VII as they do not have Kodaira dimension −∞. The minimal surfaces of class VII are the class numbered "7" on the list of surfaces in (Kodaira 1968, theorem 55).

text:
# Surface of class VII

In mathematics, **surfaces of class VII** are non-algebraic complex surfaces studied by (Kodaira 1964, 1968) that have Kodaira dimension ∞ and first Betti number 1. Minimal surfaces of class VII (those with no rational curves with self-intersection 1) are called **surfaces of class VII0**. Every class VII surface is birational to a unique minimal class VII surface, and can be obtained from this minimal surface by blowing up points a finite number of times.

The name "class VII" comes from (Kodaira 1964, theorem 21), which divided minimal surfaces into 7 classes numbered I0 to VII0. However Kodaira's class VII0 did not have the condition that the Kodaira dimension is ∞, but instead had the condition that the geometric genus is 0. As a result, his class VII0 also included some other surfaces, such as secondary Kodaira surfaces, that are no longer considered to be class VII as they do not have Kodaira dimension ∞. The minimal surfaces of class VII are the class numbered "7" on the list of surfaces in (Kodaira 1968, theorem 55).

## Invariants

The irregularity *q* is 1, and *h*1,0 = 0. All plurigenera are 0.

**Hodge diamond:**

|  |  | 1 |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 0 |  | 1 |  |
| 0 |  | *b*2 |  | 0 |
|  | 1 |  | 0 |  |
|  |  | 1 |  |  |

## Examples

Hopf surfaces are quotients of **C**2(0,0) by a discrete group *G* acting freely, and have vanishing second Betti numbers. The simplest example is to take *G* to be the integers, acting as multiplication by powers of 2; the corresponding Hopf surface is diffeomorphic to *S*1×*S*3.

Inoue surfaces are certain class VII surfaces whose universal cover is **C**×*H* where *H* is the upper half plane (so they are quotients of this by a group of automorphisms). They have vanishing second Betti numbers.

Inoue–Hirzebruch surfaces, Enoki surfaces, and Kato surfaces give examples of type VII surfaces with *b*2 \> 0.

## Classification and global spherical shells

The minimal class VII surfaces with second Betti number *b*2=0 have been classified by Bogomolov (1976, 1982), and are either Hopf surfaces or Inoue surfaces. Those with *b*2=1 were classified by Nakamura (1984b) under an additional assumption that the surface has a curve, that was later proved by Teleman (2005).

A **global spherical shell** (Kato 1978) is a smooth 3-sphere in the surface with connected complement, with a neighbourhood biholomorphic to a neighbourhood of a sphere in **C**2. The global spherical shell conjecture claims that all class VII0 surfaces with positive second Betti number have a global spherical shell. The manifolds with a global spherical shell are all Kato surfaces which are reasonably well understood, so a proof of this conjecture would lead to a classification of the type VII surfaces.

A class VII surface with positive second Betti number *b*2 has at most *b*2 rational curves, and has exactly this number if it has a global spherical shell. Conversely Georges Dloussky, Karl Oeljeklaus, and Matei Toma (2003) showed that if a minimal class VII surface with positive second Betti number *b*2 has exactly *b*2 rational curves then it has a global spherical shell.

For type VII surfaces with vanishing second Betti number, the primary Hopf surfaces have a global spherical shell, but secondary Hopf surfaces and Inoue surfaces do not because their fundamental groups are not infinite cyclic. Blowing up points on the latter surfaces gives non-minimal class VII surfaces with positive second Betti number that do not have spherical shells.

* Barth, Wolf P.; Hulek, Klaus; Peters, Chris A.M.; Van de Ven, Antonius (2004), *Compact Complex Surfaces*, Ergebnisse der Mathematik und ihrer Grenzgebiete. 3. Folge., vol. 4, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, ISBN 978-3-540-00832-3, MR 2030225
* Bogomolov, Fedor A. (1976), "Classification of surfaces of class VII0 with b2=0", *Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR. Seriya Matematicheskaya*, **10** (2): 273–288, ISSN 0373-2436, MR 0427325
* Bogomolov, Fedor A. (1982), "Surfaces of class VII0 and affine geometry", *Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR. Seriya Matematicheskaya*, **46** (4): 710–761, Bibcode:1983IzMat..21...31B, doi:10.1070/IM1983v021n01ABEH001640, ISSN 0373-2436, MR 0670164
* Dloussky, Georges; Oeljeklaus, Karl; Toma, Matei (2003), "Class VII0 surfaces with b2 curves", *The Tohoku Mathematical Journal*, Second Series, **55** (2): 283–309, arXiv:math/0201010, doi:10.2748/tmj/1113246942, ISSN 0040-8735, MR 1979500
* Kato, Masahide (1978), "Compact complex manifolds containing "global" spherical shells. I", *Proceedings of the International Symposium on Algebraic Geometry (Kyoto Univ., Kyoto, 1977)*, Tokyo: Kinokuniya Book Store, pp. 45–84, MR 0578853
* Kodaira, Kunihiko (1964), "On the structure of compact complex analytic surfaces. I", *American Journal of Mathematics*, **86** (4), The Johns Hopkins University Press: 751–798, doi:10.2307/2373157, ISSN 0002-9327, JSTOR 2373157, MR 0187255
* Kodaira, Kunihiko (1968), "On the structure of complex analytic surfaces. IV", *American Journal of Mathematics*, **90** (4), The Johns Hopkins University Press: 1048–1066, doi:10.2307/2373289, ISSN 0002-9327, JSTOR 2373289, MR 0239114
* Nakamura, Iku (1984a), "On surfaces of class VII0 with curves", *Inventiones Mathematicae*, **78** (3): 393–443, Bibcode:1984InMat..78..393N, doi:10.1007/BF01388444, ISSN 0020-9910, MR 0768987
* Nakamura, Iku (1984b), "Classification of non-Kähler complex surfaces", *Mathematical Society of Japan. Sugaku (Mathematics)*, **36** (2): 110–124, ISSN 0039-470X, MR 0780359
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title: Winston Foster

abstract: Winston Arthur Foster is an English former professional footballer. He played more than 150 games in the top two divisions of the Football League for Birmingham City. Born in South Yardley, Birmingham, Foster joined Birmingham City as a junior, making his first-team debut at the age of 19 as a full back. For the next three seasons he played occasionally for the first team either at full back or as Trevor Smith's deputy at centre-half, most notably in the first leg of the 1961 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final against A.S. Roma. When Smith sustained the injury that resulted in him leaving the club, Foster took over at centre half and kept his place for another couple of seasons. He was used less frequently in his last two years at the club, and spent three months on loan at Crewe Alexandra before making a permanent move to Plymouth Argyle where he ended his Football League career. He went on to play for Chelmsford City and Bromsgrove Rovers, and spent one season as Bromsgrove's assistant manager.

text:
# Winston Foster

**Winston Arthur Foster** (born 1 November 1941) is an English former professional footballer. He played more than 150 games in the top two divisions of the Football League for Birmingham City.

Born in South Yardley, Birmingham, Foster joined Birmingham City as a junior, making his first-team debut at the age of 19 as a full back. For the next three seasons he played occasionally for the first team either at full back or as Trevor Smith's deputy at centre-half, most notably in the first leg of the 1961 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup Final against A.S. Roma. When Smith sustained the injury that resulted in him leaving the club, Foster took over at centre half and kept his place for another couple of seasons. He was used less frequently in his last two years at the club, and spent three months on loan at Crewe Alexandra before making a permanent move to Plymouth Argyle where he ended his Football League career. He went on to play for Chelmsford City and Bromsgrove Rovers, and spent one season as Bromsgrove's assistant manager.

## Honours

**Birmingham City**

**General**

* Matthews, Tony (1995). *Birmingham City: A Complete Record*. Derby: Breedon Books. pp. 87, 196–204. ISBN 978-1-85983-010-9.
* Matthews, Tony (October 2000). *The Encyclopedia of Birmingham City Football Club 1875–2000*. Cradley Heath: Britespot. p. 85. ISBN 978-0-9539288-0-4.
* "Winston Foster". *UK A–Z Transfers*. Neil Brown. Retrieved 29 March 2018.

**Specific**

1. "Player search: Farmer, FBW (Brian)". *English National Football Archive*. Retrieved 18 March 2020.
2. Edwards, Leslie (24 April 1962). "West kept busy in Everton goal". *Liverpool Echo*  via BlueCorrespondent.co.uk.
3. Zea, Antonio; Haisma, Marcel (27 June 2007). "European Champions' Cup and Fairs' Cup 1960–61 – Details". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation (RSSSF). Retrieved 13 November 2007.

## InfoBox

Winston Foster
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Winston Arthur Foster | | |
| Date of birth | (1941-11-01) 1 November 1941 | | |
| Place of birth | Birmingham, England | | |
| Position(s) | Defender | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| 1955–1958 | Birmingham City | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1958–1969 | Birmingham City | 153 | (2) |
| 1969 | Crewe Alexandra (loan) | 13 | (0) |
| 1969–1971 | Plymouth Argyle | 33 | (0) |
| 1971–1972 | Chelmsford City |  |  |
| 1972–1973 | Bromsgrove Rovers |  |  |
| Managerial career | | | |
| 1973–1974 | Bromsgrove Rovers (assistant manager) | | |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |