title: List of Aquaman enemies

abstract: The following is a collection of enemies and supervillains appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. These characters are depicted as adversaries of the superhero Aquaman and his family and allies. Since Aquaman first appeared in More Fun Comics #73, as with most superheroes, a cast of recurring enemies to Aquaman and his family have been introduced throughout the years. Some of the character's most notable villains include his archenemy, the mercenary Black Manta; his own half-brother the Ocean Master; the humanoid sharks King Shark and Orca; the pirate the Scavenger; Mera's twin sister Siren; and the Trench species, among others.

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# List of Aquaman enemies

The following is a collection of enemies and supervillains appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. These characters are depicted as adversaries of the superhero Aquaman and his family and allies.

Since Aquaman first appeared in *More Fun Comics* #73 (November 1941), as with most superheroes, a cast of recurring enemies to Aquaman and his family have been introduced throughout the years. Some of the character's most notable villains include his archenemy, the mercenary Black Manta; his own half-brother the Ocean Master; the humanoid sharks King Shark and Orca; the pirate the Scavenger; Mera's twin sister Siren; and the Trench species, among others.

## Supervillains and themed criminals

The following fictional characters are listed in alphabetical order by the name of their supervillain persona. Each character's first appearance and brief biographies of each fictional character are also listed, staying to their fictional histories and characteristics in the DC Universe. Sometimes more than one fictional character will share a supervillain persona. In those cases, those will be divided into multiple sections.

| Villain | First appearance | Description |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Abyssal Dark | *Aquaman* (vol. 8) #34 (May 2018) | A malefic force born of ancient Atlantis' overuse of magic. The Abyssal Dark is a demon of pure esoteric anima begotten from the conjurers of the surface-borne city's thirst for greater knowledge and power, promising them greatness from its services, but withholding the terrible price that entailed. A great war would break out wherein the dark entity would be sealed within the annals of Atlantis' history, but it would find ways of rewriting the record of itself as the wellspring of Atlantean Arcanum to draw others into unleashing it, eventually finding the ideal liberator in Corum Rath, thousands of years later. |
| Admiral Strom | *Aquaman* (vol. 5) #3 (November 1994) | High-ranking military officer, allied with Ocean Master and other Aquaman enemies. |
| Agent X-6 | *Adventure Comics* #273 (June 1960) | Operative of Smugglers Incorporated. |
| Amphitrite | *Action Comics* #518 (April 1981) | Female Atlantean criminal, allegedly Aquaman's mother. |
| Aquabeast | *Aquaman* #34 (July 1967) | Wealthy playboy Peter Dudley fell in love with Aquaman's wife Mera and paid Dr. Hans Ludorf to transform him into an Aquaman duplicate. The procedure failed and Dudley instead became a beast-like humanoid. |
| Aquamarines | *Aquaman* (vol. 8) #12 (February 2017) | A group of United States Marine Corps soldiers who were enhanced with the ability to transform into humanoid sea animals. |
| Awesome Threesome | *Aquaman* #36 (November 1967) | A trio of sentient robots named the Torpedo Man (a.k.a. the Torp), Magneto, and the Claw. |
| Big Jim Mason | *Adventure Comics* #263 (August 1959) | A politician, Mason was the popular governor of an island nation named Comstock. However, he embezzled public funds and was actively trying to sabotage the electoral campaign of his rival, Vic Wake. |
| Black Jack | *More Fun Comics* #74 (December 1941) | Also "Blackjack," modern-day pirate adversary of the Golden Age Aquaman in *More Fun Comics* and *Adventure Comics*; appeared in a total of 22 stories from 1941 to 1950. |
| | *Aquaman* (vol. 8) #2 (July 2016) | A later supervillainess who is an agent of Black Manta following his usurpation of leadership over the mysterious organization code-named N.E.M.O after they broke him out. |
| Black Manta
David Hyde | *Aquaman* #35 (September 1967) | A would-be conqueror of Atlantis from the surface world, and Aquaman's deadliest and greatest enemy. A man with a sordid past and hatred of the Ocean King; either for being abandoned by the former as a child while a prisoner of pirates, an autistic lad with a fascination with water, or left unhinged when after Xebelians captured him and his girlfriend to run experiments on her and their unborn son. |
| | *Aquaman* (vol. 7) #7 (May 2012) | David Hyde is a simple, albeit cutthroat, scuba diver alongside his treasure hunting father. He was paid by Dr. Shen to secure proof of Atlantis' existence. Due to a mishap wherein Arthur killed his father however, David Hyde would later become a wrathful terrorist and pirate hellbent on destroying Aquaman and shattering the Atlantean legacy, regardless of whether the world died screaming in his vengeful wake. |
| Broadside | *Aquaman* (vol. 8) #16 (November 2016) | An operative of the Nautical Enforcement of Macrocosmic Order organizations wetworks division. Broadside is one of N.E.M.O's best agents when it comes to killing Atlanteans, armed with a pair of linear launch devices which discharge volatile uranium explosive bolts and micromines. He usually wears a cloaking field device to disguise himself in public and boasts a slight racism towards Atlanteans. |
| Bres | *Aquaman* (vol. 5) #1 (August 1994) | Bres was a citizen of the Atlantean lost city of Thierna Na Oge and a respected member of the Tuatha de Danaan. She served on the ruling city council known as the Conclave of Twelve under the leadership of her sister, Queen Nuada Silverhand. However, Bres was ambitious and coveted the throne for herself. She convinced the other eleven Conclave members that Nuada had fallen out of favor with their goddess, Dana, and needed to abdicate her seat. |
| Captain Demo | *Adventure Comics* #441 (September 1975) | Pirate who surrounded Atlantis with bombs in attempt to extort the citizens to crown him king; his name is an obvious pun on Captain Nemo. |
| Captain Rader | *World's Finest Comics* #127 (August 1962) | Undersea pirate, used a submarine disguised as a giant fish. |
| Captain Skover | *More Fun Comics* #76 (February 1942) | Trawler captain, committed crimes at sea, used robot-like armor and was an opponent for the Golden Age Aquaman. |
| Corum Rath | *Aquaman: Rebirth* #1 (August 2016) | Leader of the Deluge, an Atlantean terrorist and avid surface world hater, until he usurped King Arthur's crown and successfully ruled Atlantis for a while. Inevitably fell from good graces when his abuse of power and forbidden magics literally turned him into a power-hungry monster out to destroy Atlantis and conquer the surface world. An Atlantean puritan, Rath's regime often involved using magic in the persecution and expunging of Atlantis' marine life-resembling citizens called the Seachanged, individuals often labeled as undesirables who bear the racist moniker of taintblood because of either having adapting these traits while adjusting to undersea habitation, or being touched by powerful magic; such as that used by the Crown of Thorns. |
| Charybdis | *Aquaman* (vol. 5) #1 | The supervillain responsible for the loss of Aquaman's left hand. He is a dangerous creature that was the result of his plan backfiring when he was catapulted into a school of piranha. He was later known as the Piranha Man. |
| Count Vitto | *Adventure Comics* #123 (December 1947) | Evil Venetian nobleman who fought the Golden Age Aquaman. |
| Criminal Creature
Creature King | *Showcase* #32 (May 1961) | Jed Coombs was mutated into a gigantic humanoid purple-skinned monster by Wilo the Wizard's potion; looted ships. |
| | *Aquaman* (vol. 7) #33 (July 2014) | Coombs is a Triton Base employee who, after an accident where he was mauled by sharks and underwent unusual experimentation by Dr. Edrid Orson, became the "Chimera", a Frankenstein-like atrocity whose brain was grafted with samples of different sea creatures that include but are not limited to manta rays, mimic octopuses, scorpionfish, stonefish, and the Atlantean protectorate leviathan known as the Karaqan. The experimentation has also granted him shapeshifting and an amphibious nature. |
| Cutlass Charlie | *Justice League of America* #61 (March 1968) | Sword-wielding criminal, recruited by Doctor Destiny along with Captain Boomerang, the Tattooed Man, and others to battle the Justice League of America. |
| Atlan
The Dead King | *Aquaman* (vol. 7) #16 (March 2013) | The former king and very first ruler of ancient Atlantis. Atlan was once a kind king and loving father who sought to unify the world under the seven kingdoms he had raised through Atlantis, his island city. But his traitorous brother Orin the First and his wife led a coup that nearly killed him, usurped his throne and murdered his beloved wife and children, stealing away everything he had built. In his grief and despair, he crafted seven powerful artifacts with which he infiltrated his former kingdom and slaughtered his duplicitous kin, plunging the nation into civil war all before using his most powerful relic to sink the nation beneath the waves. In modern times, now christened *the Dead King*, he awakened to the resonance of his treacherous brother's descendant's telepathic broadcast across the oceans; seeking to reclaim his throne and lordship of the world once again. |
| Dead Water | *Aquaman* (vol. 7) #49 (April 2016) | A feral, dangerous parasitic water elemental who can symbiotically host any individual who feels fear in the presence of its alien warp rift. Dead Water boasts the ability to transform its hosts into clawed, fanged monstrosities, which are able to become and traverse the catalyst of water needed for the change. |
| Dagon | *Justice League of America* #35 (May 1965) | Possesses water-controlling powers, wears a demonic costume. |
| Deep Six | *New Gods* #2 (April–May 1971) | All six fish-like members of this group possess superhuman strength as well as the ability to breathe and function underwater; created by Darkseid. The team returns to face Aquaman and his allies Koryak and the Dolphin. The new members are actually "spawns" of the original, raised in birthing chambers. |
| Demon Gate | *Aquaman* (vol. 5) #26 (November 1996) | Kimon Tanaka was a sea captain who hunted dolphins for a living. He captured several dolphins for the Shinobi research center, one of whom was Porm (Aquaman's dolphin mother). When Kimon's boat was destroyed, he was left by Aquaman to be eaten by sharks. However, Kimon was rescued by his brother Tanaka, head of Raiden Industries. Tanaka rebuilt his brother's body, turning him into a cyborg. |
| Devilfish | *Justice Leagues: Justice League of Atlantis* #1 (March 2001) | Renegade member of Aquaman's short-lived "Justice League of Atlantis". |
| Doctor Deering | *Aquaman* #15 (May/June 1964) | A scientist working on a method allowing normal humans to breathe underwater, the method worked on himself-the downside being unable to live on the surface. He snapped and turned to crime. |
| Doctor Starbuck | *Aquaman* #28 (July 1966) | Evil scientist, briefly took over Atlantis and fomented a war with the surface world, assisted by the water-breathing eagle Krakka. |
| Doctor Varn | *Adventure Comics* #251 (August 1958) | Time-traveling criminal scientist from AD 6958. |
| Duke Flarer | *More Fun Comics* #99 (September 1944) | Criminal genius operating out of a volcano hideout who fought the Golden Age Aquaman. |
| Duko | *Adventure Comics* #194 (November 1953) | Acquired a fleet of surplus war vessels and recruited hundreds of criminals to form a "pirate navy," he fought the Golden Age Aquaman. |
| Eel | *Aquaman* (vol. 6) #21 (October 2004) | A criminal with mild telekinetic powers, Mort Coolidge had a career in both Gotham City and San Diego before the earthquake that sank half of that city. Here he found his powers far more effective, figuring out that he had greater control over water. |
| | *Mera: Queen of Atlantis* #1 (April 2018) | Coolidge was a Gotham City criminal working out on a contract perpetrated by the xenophobic tyrant Corum Rath; the latter, wanting political deniability in her death, opted to hire out a surface criminal to assassinate Mera, who had been secretly cordoned as the new Queen of Atlantis during a period of the nation's civil strife. |
| Electric Man | *Adventure Comics* #254 (November 1958) | Roy Pinto was an escaped prison convict who decided to keep a low profile. His specialty was electric eels. Constantly handling them mutated him, granting him immumity to electric shocks. Later escaped from prison with five other villains in *JLA* #5 to battle the JLA, but was captured by the Green Arrow. |
| Professor Enos Snark | *Adventure Comics* #284 (May 1961) | Scientist that provided advanced technology to pirates in exchange for a percentage of the loot. |
| Fire Trolls | *Aquaman* #1 (February 1962) | Gigantic enemies of the water sprites (Quisp's people) and the world at large who have fire-based abilities. |
| | *Aquaman* (vol. 7) #38 (March 2015) | Mystical volcanic guardians of the trans-dimensional Maelstrom Gates used by ancient Atlantis and its rulers. |
| Fisherman | *Aquaman* #21 (May 1965) | Supervillain who uses fishing gimmicks to commit crimes and a member of the Terrible Trio. |
| Gamesman | *Aquaman* (vol. 5) #35 (August 1997) | A hunter who goes after superheroes like Animal Man. Aquaman helps to defeat him. |
| Gustave the Great
Animal-Master | *Adventure Comics* #261 (June 1959) | An expert animal trainer, Gustave would perform daring crimes on the side. Since Aquaman stopped him while in action, Gustave swore revenge. |
| Hadley | *Adventure Comics* #257 (February 1959) | Criminal surgically altered to duplicate Aquaman's powers. |
| Hagen | *Aquaman* (vol. 6) #2 (March 2003) | Treasonous Atlantean sorcerer who courted favor in the mystic council of the equally treacherous sorceress; Gamemnea. He and his cabal employed the same dark craft garnered in her service to assume high positions within the council of Atlantis by making a puppet of the Queen Mera, deposing King Arthur and anyone else who opposed their rule. Eventually attempting a genocidal takeover of the surface world. He later died when Atlantis was destroyed by the Spectre in *Day of Vengeance* during the *Infinite Crisis* event. |
| Harry Black | *Detective Comics* #294 (August 1961) | Commanded sea monsters to attack the shipping lanes. |
| Human Flying Fish | *Adventure Comics* #272 (May 1960) | Vic Bragg was a swimming champion before turning to crime, where he fell in with Doctor Krill, the brilliant medical doctor and marine biologist who had also turned to a life of crime. After several months of recovery and training, Bragg began his career as the Human Flying Fish. One of the few Aquaman villains to appear in the *Super Friends* comic book. |
| Iceberg Head | *DC Special Series* #6 (November 1977) | Ice creature who caused a worldwide cold wave so that the world would be frozen like himself; convinced by Aquaman, Aqualad and Mera to desist, "melted" and became a water creature. |
| Jason Deeter | *Adventure Comics* #245 (February 1958) | Sorcerer with seaweed hair, used "voodoo power" to control Aquaman and Topo via voodoo dolls. |
| John Cook | *Showcase* #31 (March 1961) | Stole Professor Richards' ray machine and used it to "evolve" sealife into futuristic sea monsters under his command. |
| Ka'arl | *Aquaman* #39 (May 1968) | Evil Venusian. |
| Kadaver | *Aquaman* (vol. 8) #26 (September 2017) | An Atlantean hadalin who lived in the Ninth Tride with Corum Rath in his youth. A natural borne magician, he would train on his own as the Silent School would never take him on as a pupil. Eventually becoming a mob enforcer in later life only to be called upon by his former friend, now King of Atlantis as his own court was plotting against him. Slaughtering the silent school practitioners after they denied them access to the Wellspring of Atlantean magic. King Rath made Kad the new magistrate of the school, Kadaver would be hideously mutated by the Abyssal Dark force only to die at the hands of Atlantean guardian spirits soon after. |
| Karla | *Aquaman* #24 (November/December 1965) | Karla is an enemy of Aquaman whose hair has been turned to living flame. She controls her "hair" psionically for a variety of combat uses. Her fire is not affected by the undersea environment and her body is invulnerable to fire. She was the leader of the Terrible Trio. |
| King Shark
Nanaue | *Superboy* (vol. 3) #0 (October 1994) | Born in Hawaii, *Nanaue* is a humanoid shark, his father is "The King of all Sharks" – also known as the Shark God. Other characters, such as Special Agent Sam Makoa, have dismissed this as superstition and referred to Nanaue as a "savage mutation" with no mystical nature. |
| Kirk | *Aquaman* #12 (November 1963) | Assistant to Doctor Cyrus Beard; used the latter's technology – which transformed air-breathers into water-breathers – for crime. |
| Kordax | *Atlantis Chronicles* #4 | A semi-immortal ancestor of Aquaman's who commands all sea life. Born to Queen Cora of Poseidonis but abandoned at birth due to his grotesque, green-scaled body, Kordax survived in the ocean thanks to his mental control over sea creatures. As an adult, he returned to Atlantis leading an army of sharks in a failed bid for the throne. His punishment included the loss of his left hand (replaced with a sword) and banishment. He was later killed by Aquaman. |
| Krutz | *More Fun Comics* #79 (May 1942) | Commanded a Nazi battleship disguised as an iceberg and fought the Golden Age Aquaman. |
| Lammia | *Mera: Queen of Atlantis* #4 (May 2018) | Dowager Matriarch of Xebel and grandmother of Mera. |
| Lemur | *Aquaman* #8 (March 1963) | Extraterrestrial from the planet Phrygia, attempted to steal Earth's water. |
| Leron | *Aquaman* #11 (September/October 1963) | Leron was a revolutionary who lived in the realm known as Dimension Aqua. He led a revolt against their world's reigning queen, Mera. Post-*DC Rebirth*, he is captain of the Xebel military under the rule of Nereus. |
| Lord Wexel | *Aquaman Special* #1 (June 1989) | High-ranking official among a jellyfish-like race which briefly conquered Atlantis. |
| Lukhan | *Aquaman* #20 (March 1965) | Exiled Atlantean bandit. |
| Malignant Amoeba | *Adventure Comics* #135 (December 1948) | Giant artificial life-form created by scientists, eats everything in its path. The scientists spent ten years containing it until it escaped and encountered the Golden Age Aquaman. |
| Marine Marauder I | *Adventure Comics* #449 (January–February 1977) | A supervillain with mental control over undersea life. |
| Marine Maraand II | *Adventures of the Outsiders* #37 (September 1986) | A later supervillainess who fought the Outsiders and had the same name, costume and powers. She always desired fame and wealth, but disliked the hard work associated with business and investments, so she turned her powers towards crime. |
| Maritorn | *Aquaman* (vol. 5) #48 (September 1998) | An alien race; invaded Mera's home dimension. |
| Master Sargasso | *More Fun Comics* #78 (April 1942) | Stranded ships in the Sargasso Sea and robbed them before fighting the Golden Age Aquaman. |
| Merder | *Aquaman* #5 (September 1962) | Evil sorcerer of ancient times, formerly imprisoned with his underlings within a drop of water. |
| Merdo the Wizard | *World's Finest Comics* #132 (March 1963) | Ancient wizard, possessed Aquaman's octopus ally Topo. |
| Mister Neptune | *Adventure Comics* #205 (October 1954) | Used faked supernatural abilities to challenge the Golden Age Aquaman for the rulership of the seven seas. |
| Mongo | *Aquaman* #30 (November 1966) | Ruled the underwater "ancient city of evil" Necrus, which periodically materialized on Earth. |
| Morrel | *More Fun Comics* #85 (November 1942) | Criminal hunter who used electric guns and fought the Golden Age Aquaman. |
| Naeco | *Showcase* #33 (July 1961) | Dictator of the planet Venus, overthrown by Aquaman, Aqualad and rebel leader Mermor. |
| Namma | *Aquaman* (vol. 8) #43 (February 2019) | Namma, whose true name is Mother Salt, is the primordial sea goddess in Mesopotamian mythology. At the beginning of time she, alongside her husband Father Sea, created the first gods whom would then create the World. But they're rapid innovation irritated her husband to no end, whom opted to kill his children and restart from scratch. Unable to go through with it; Mother Salt warned her children of her husbands plans. In response they killed him in his sleep, sending their mother into a blind rage which tore her asunder and created new monstrous Sea Gods to battle her old progeny. She would survive however, now biding her time and regaining her strength. Seeking to follow through on her late husbands scheme and destroy her children's creation so she can begin anew. |
| Narkran | *Aquaman* #41 (September 1968) | Atlantean courtier, secretly had Mera abducted so Aquaman would appoint him temporary ruler while searching for her, became a tyrant until ousted by a reunited Aquaman and Mera. |
| Nereus | *Aquaman* (vol. 7) #19 (June 2013) | The ruler of Xebel (the Second Kingdom of the Seven Seas) and one of its greatest warriors; he has never been above ploys of assassination and conspiracy to further his own political agenda. He refers to Mera as his "wife", and will stop at nothing until she is. |
| N.E.M.O. | *Aquaman* (vol. 8) #2 (July 2016) | A nebulous organization of powerful oceanic interest-based shareholders who sought to assume dominance over the world via controlling the ocean and its resources. N.E.M.O. (Nautical Enforcement of the Macrocosmic Order) was founded in the late 1800s and consolidated their stranglehold on sea line interests in the late 1900s; by controlling its greatest economy, N.E.M.O basically runs the world. Opting now to make themselves known, said cabal of interests recruited Black Manta in the hope they could use him to consolidate their power by sparking a world war between Atlantis and America by implicating Aquaman with staged acts of war. |
| Niccol | *Aquaman* #13 (January 1963) | Time-traveling supervillain from AD 2098, used a thought-control ray. |
| Nikkor | *Aquaman* #19 (January 1965) | Agitator from Mera's home dimension, briefly mind-controlled her to conquer Atlantis. |
| Ocean Master
Orm Marius | *Aquaman* #29 (September 1966) | Another long-time foe of Aquaman. The Ocean Master was revealed in the 1960s to be Aquaman's fully human half-brother, Orm Marius, who had grown up in the shadow of his heroic half-brother and was jealous of his powers. Initially amnesiac of his relation to Arthur, he would go on to become a ruthless pirate with advanced technological gadgets before taking on magic powers from both the Zodiac Crystals and then making a deal with the demon-lord Neron in his escapades of terrorizing the high seas. |
| | *Aquaman* (vol. 7) #0 (November 2012) | Born the second child to Queen Atlanna of the royal bloodline. Unlike the previous continuity, Orm Marius and Arthur Curry were on more familial terms, even leaving his younger sibling the throne when Arthur felt unbecoming of it. But Orm harbored deep resentments towards humanity and the surface world for its countless years of mistreating the sea. When Vulko instigated a naval accident that killed many Atlanteans, the Ocean Master roused his armies and declared war on the entire world. |
| Oceanus | *Aquaman* #18 (November 1964) | Would-be conqueror from Mera's home dimension. |
| Octopus Man | *Adventure Comics* #259 (April 1959) | Roland Peters conducted illegal experiments on marine life to transfer minds between species, transferred Aquaman's mind into different fish. |
| O.G.R.E. agents | *Aquaman* #26 (July 1976) | Huntress, Krako, Black Manta and Typhoon were agents of O.G.R.E. |
| Orvax Marius | *Aquaman* (vol. 7) #19 (January 2015) | Former king of Atlantis and father of Orm and Tula Marius. Once an Atlantean naval commander who ascended the throne by wedding princess Atlanna. Orvax was a vile and despicable leader whom angered many in his court, regularly abusing his wife before they're sons eyes whenever she'd admonish his hobby of using the Fleet to attack land-dweller ships. He was finally done in when an enraged Atlanna killed him after Orvax joked of killing her first family; Thomas & Arthur Curry hoping to preempt her leaving him. |
| Phantom Sea Raider | *Detective Comics* #293 (July 1961) | Captain Scobey, modern-day pirate. |
| Piscator | *Suicide Squad* #59 | A renegade Atlantean and self-styled Janissary whom Aquaman fought while protecting President Marlo of Qurac. Member of Onslaught. |
| Pomoxis | *Aquaman* #3 (May 1962) | Atlantean who impersonated Aquaman, attempted to conquer Atlantis with assistance from the surface world criminal Captain Clay. |
| Professor Jack Leach | *Adventure Comics* #124 (January 1948) | Assistant to Professor Ness, he used a special growth hormone to create sea serpents and fought the Golden Age Aquaman. |
| Professor Polloy | *World's Finest Comics* #131 (February 1963) | Criminal scientist, created a ray that controlled and "hardened" water (similar to Mera's later powers). |
| Queequeg | *Aquaman* (vol. 4) #2 (January 1992) | Insane whaler with an Ahab-like obsession over Aquaman. |
| Quirk | *Aquaman* #6 (November 1962) | Criminal water sprite from the same world as Aquaman's one time ally Quisp; served by Quilp and other underlings. |
| Qwsp | *Aquaman* #1 (February 1962) | A being from the Fifth Dimension, the same dimension as Mister Mxyzptlk. As with Mister Mxyzptlk, he enjoys warping reality for his own amusement. Qwsp was for many years a valued ally of the undersea monarch. However, inspired by Aquaman's sudden change in appearance and outlook, Qwsp became a deadly threat, not only to Aquaman, but to the entire world. His name was spelled 'Quisp' in his first appearances but was retconned to Qwsp when he reappeared in *JLA* #30. |
| Ragnar | *Aquaman* #38 (March 1968) | Atlantean nobleman, framed Aquaman for the murders of Atlantean soldiers. |
| Rhombus | *Aquaman* (vol. 5) #38 (November 1997) | Supervillain who thinks he is Deep Blue's father. |
| Scavenger
Peter Mortimer | *Aquaman* #37 (January 1968) | A deep-sea diver and pirate who wears a specifically-designed diving suit to scavenge valuable treasure off the ocean floor and sell it to the highest bidder. |
| | *Aquaman* (vol. 7) #18 (May 2013) | A scavenger who was an old enemy of Aquaman before his days in the Justice League. After Atlantis' revealing itself to the world, Peter Mortimer would resurface on the underworld stage, having acquired numerous Soviet-era subs for the purpose of collecting and selling Atlantean weaponry scrounged up from the prior conflict and selling them to the highest bidder, with intent to one day claim Atlantis as his own. |
| Sea Demon | *Detective Comics* #296 (October 1961) | The Sea Demon is an ordinary human. He used a demon costume and an electrically charged trident to exact tribute from superstitious islanders. |
| Seaquake | *Aquaman* #62 (July 1978) | An android used by the Ocean Master to try to destroy Atlantis with a sonic disruptor. |
| Sea Thief | *Justice League of America* #14 (September 1962) | Seafaring criminal, recruited by Amos Fortune along with the Angle Man, Hector Hammond and others to battle the Justice League of America. |
| Sea-Men | *Adventure Comics* #216 (September 1955) | Extraterrestrial invaders who fought the Golden Age Aquaman. |
| Shark | *Green Lantern* (vol. 2) #24 (October 1963) | Originally one of Green Lantern's enemies, Aquaman fought this mutated tiger shark on various occasions. |
| "Shark" Wilson | *Adventure Comics* #203 (August 1954) | Criminal who was magically transformed into a shark and fought the Golden Age Aquaman. |
| Siren | *Aquaman* #22 (August 1965) | Hila, twin sister of Mera, exiled from their home dimension for her criminal ways. She would scheme with the sorcerer Kandor to usurp the Atlantean throne, but she was touched by the tender affections shown by Arthur while she impersonated her sibling and mended her evil ways. |
| | *Brightest Day* #4 (August 2010) | Mera's twin sister who was trained alongside her by their father, the king of the oceanic penal colony Xebel, to kill Aquaman; he who would be king of their hated enemy, Atlantis. Later leading a new mission to kill Orin when her sister failed by using an allude acquaintance Black Manta, where the two would scheme to open the Bermuda Triangle which keeps her people imprisoned to storm out and conquer both Atlantis & the Surface using David's son, Jackson Hyde. |
| | *Aquaman* (vol. 7) #43 (October 2015) | Siren has distant ancestry to the ancient Shifter race of the dark dimension of Thule. With powers over illusion and shape-changing as well as hydrokinesis, Hila infiltrate and usurped Atlantis from Arthur Curry while masquerading as her sister Mera on its overlord's behalf. |
| Slud-Jak | *The Unexpected* #178 (March 1977) | Tentacled semi-humanoid whose telepathic commands to undersea creatures could override Aquaman's; angered by the surface world's pollution of the ocean, it sent undersea creatures to attack swimmers at a beach, but was eventually placated. |
| Starro the Conqueror | *The Brave and the Bold* #28 (March 1960) | A highly-advanced starfish-like alien with a single central eye and prehensile extremities. Starro is the first villain to face the original Justice League of America, including one of it members Aquaman, in the team's debut story "Starro the Conqueror" and returned in an 11-page Aquaman story in *Adventure Comics* #451 (May–June 1977). The entity visits Earth and empowers three starfish; the creatures begin wreaking havoc, such as exploding an atomic bomb and absorbing its energy, kidnapping scientists and absorbing their brain power and placing the residents of the fictional town of Happy Harbor, Rhode Island, under mental control. Eventually, they are stopped by the superheroes Aquaman, the Flash, Green Lantern, Martian Manhunter and Wonder Woman. The heroes defeat Starro by coating it with quicklime, which nullifies its abilities. A segment of Starro survives and regenerates into a complete creature, but is stopped by Aquaman before being able to renew its plan of conquest. |
| Stavros Markos | *Adventure Comics* #464 (July 1979) | Greek shipping magnate, sought to loot Atlantis. |
| Stellor | *Aquaman* #16 (July 1964) | Extraterrestrial criminal, led a gang of shape-changing aliens. |
| Sunburst | *DC Special Series* #1 (September 1977) | Iranian empowered by the mystic Sun Stone, seeks to restore the Persian Empire. |
| Suvians | *Aquaman* #4 (July 1962) | Hostile extraterrestrials, used a stone robot in attempt to destroy an Earth town. |
| Taggert | *Aquaman* #19 (January 1965) | Unethical showman who enslaved Atlanteans. |
| Tamerkhan | *Aquaman* #25 (January 1966) | 13th century alchemist, worked for Genghis Khan, developed a formula to keep himself and others alive over centuries, clashed with Aquaman upon his revival. |
| Thanatos | *Aquaman* #54 | Thanatos is a dark, evil twin of Aquaman. He inhabits an "other-dimensional realm" known as "Netherspace" that is a kind of reverse Purgatory, where beings known as the "Others" keep entities until they are filled with sufficient evil to be returned to our dimension. Killed by Major Disaster, who mistook Thanatos for Aquaman. |
| Thesily | *Aquaman* (vol. 5) #6 (May 1992) | Was bequeathed the Atlantean throne in Aquaman's place, but proved a poor ruler who grew jealous of the following Orin still held with his former subjects. Subsequently attempted to have him and his illegitimate son, Koryak, assassinated, only to be killed in an accident, crushed to death when quakes caused by the meteor which sank Atlantis made part of his palace fall on top of him. |
| Thirst | *Aquaman* (vol. 4) #5 | The Thirst is a golem composed of dry river mud, the mystical "brother" of an ancient goddess called the Waterbearer. The Thirst has preyed on the deities who have watched over the Secret Sea, a metaphysical realm composed of the shared imagination of humanity, for millennia, absorbing their power. When Aquaman became guardian of the Secret Sea, the Thirst set his sights on Aquaman. |
| Thule | *Aquaman* (vol. 7) #43 (October 2015) | A clandestine order of dark mystics who ruled old Atlantis through profiteering off of its constant state of war and strife. When King Atlan ceased all infighting and brought both the Seven Kingdoms and the world under his banner, their power had been greatly undermined; threatened by this, they used the turmoil of the deposed king's sinking of Atlantis to create a separate kingdom a world away where they could rule unopposed. Millennia later, the spells separating the Thule from Earth began to weaken, after which they enacted their eons-old plan of invading the other world to claim it as their own. |
| Tiamat | *Aquaman* (vol. 5) #15 (December 1995) | Giant extraterrestrial reptilian, rampaged in Washington, D.C. |
| Tiros | *Aquaman* #12 (November 1963) | Tyrant of the planet Sidius, abducted Aquaman and Aqualad for gladiatorial games. |
| T.N.T. Dillon | *Adventure Comics* #226 (July 1956) | Explosives-using criminal who fought the Golden Age Aquaman. |
| Tom Lariar | *Adventure Comics* #170 (November 1951) | Used a telepathic machine to command fish to commit crimes before being defeated by the Golden Age Aquaman. |
| Toxin | *Aquaman* (vol. 5) #32 (May 1997) | Toxic waste-using terrorist, fought by Aquaman and the Swamp Thing. |
| The Trench | *Aquaman* (vol. 7) #1 (June 2012) | Formerly Atlanteans, now a race of vicious, cannibalistic, ocean-dwelling humanoid fish-like creatures that rose from their domain beneath the ocean floor (revealed to be the Third Kingdom of the Seven Seas) in search of food and devoured anything that stood in their way. |
| Trino | *Showcase* #30 (January 1961) | Leader of an invasion force of extradimensional amphibious aliens. |
| Triton | *Aquaman* (vol. 5) Annual #1 (1995) | Triton is the son of Poseidon in the DC Universe. He is thus part of the Olympian Pantheon and is the god of tides and winds. Aquaman and Triton are both rulers of the sea and Triton has actually challenged Aquaman for title of King of the Sea. |
| Un-Thing | *Aquaman* #24 (November/December 1965) | A member of the Terrible Trio who could turn invisible when underwater. |
| Urcell | *Aquaman* (vol. 8) #23 (July 2017) | Former second in command of the xenophobic Deluge terror cell turned Drift Commander of Atlantis during the Rath regime, quick to turn on the new king when his abuse of magic corrupted him, ending in beating a retreat into obscurity after Atlantis had risen from the depths. Now a defector, she was later killed during an attempted coup against Queen Mera after having contacted the Suicide Squad for aid in returning her home to the ocean, wherein Lord Satanis felt she outlived her usefulness towards the mission and slew her using one of the Silent Schools mystic weapons. |
| V'lana | *Action Comics* #539 (January 1983) | Current Queen of Xebel, a kingdom located in Dimension Aqua, and enemy of Queen Mera. |
| Wackyman | *Adventure Comics* #233 (February 1957) | Wackyman was a clown who chose Aquaman as his motif for comedy. He designed a costume similar to that of Aquaman and robots in the form of aquatic creatures to use in his act. |
| Warhead | *Aquaman* (vol. 8) #16 (February 2017) | Chinese citizen turned cybernetic military operator, remodeled by **the Ministry of Self-Reliance**. Sought to control Aquaman through his unique blend of telepathy and technopathy to elude his creators and contractors, instead offered sanctuary by Aquaman to aid in his recovery. |
| Weisbogg | *Adventure Comics* #436 (November 1974) | Used a robot duplicate of Aquaman in a plot against him. |
| Wylie | *Aquaman* (vol. 4) #9 (August 1992) | Unscrupulous Merrevale oil executive, ordered Aquaman assassinated. |
| Xen | *Aquaman* #27 (May 1966) | Extraterrestrial who abducted sentient beings, including Aquaman and Mera, for his intergalactic aquarium. |
| Yascom | *More Fun Comics* #82 (August 1942) | One of many wartime prisoners on Convict Island, he declared himself king when the prisoners took over the island before being defeated by the Golden Age Aquaman. |

## Villains from comics in other media

A number of villains from the comic books have appeared in *Aquaman*-related media.

| Villain | First appearance | Portrayed / Voiced by |
| --- | --- | --- |
| DC Extended Universe | | | |
| David Kane
Black Manta | *Aquaman* (2018) | Yahya Abdul-Mateen II |
| | Orm Marius
Ocean Master | Patrick Wilson |
| | Nereus | Dolph Lundgren |
| Kordax | *Aquaman and the Lost Kingdom* (2023) | Pilou Asbæk |
| Other franchises | | | |
| The Fisherman | *Batman: The Brave and the Bold*
"Aquaman's Outrageous Adventure!" (2010) | Dee Bradley Baker |
| Siren | *DC Super Hero Girls: Legends of Atlantis* (2018) | Erica Lindbeck |

1. Rovin, Jeff (1987). *The Encyclopedia of Supervillains*. New York: Facts on File. p. 328. ISBN 0-8160-1356-X.
2. *The Brave and the Bold* #28 (February–March 1960)
3. Cowsill, Alan; Irvine, Alex; Manning, Matthew K.; McAvennie, Michael; Wallace, Daniel (2019). *DC Comics Year By Year: A Visual Chronicle*. DK Publishing. p. 93. ISBN 978-1-4654-8578-6.
4. *Adventure Comics* #451 (May–Jun 1977)
5. Kit, Borys (January 31, 2017). "*Aquaman* Finds Its Black Manta Villain With *Get Down* Actor (Exclusive)". *The Hollywood Reporter*. Archived from the original on June 1, 2017. Retrieved June 1, 2017.
6. Fleming, Mike Jr. (December 12, 2016). "Patrick Wilson To Play *Aquaman*'s Evil Half-Brother Orm". *Deadline Hollywood*. Archived from the original on December 13, 2016. Retrieved December 12, 2016.
7. Kit, Borys (April 12, 2017). "Dolph Lundgren Joins Jason Momoa in *Aquaman* (Exclusive)". *The Hollywood Reporter*. Archived from the original on April 17, 2017. Retrieved September 17, 2017.
8. Gleiberman, Owen (December 21, 2023). "*Aquaman and the Lost Kingdom* Review: Jason Momoa in a Sequel That's 3D but Flat, With Less Screensaver Fun and More 'Dark' Action". *Variety*. Archived from the original on December 21, 2023. Retrieved December 21, 2023.


title: Villers-les-Bois

abstract: Villers-les-Bois is a commune in the Jura department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

text:
# Villers-les-Bois

**Villers-les-Bois** (French pronunciation: \[vilɛʁ le bwa\]) is a commune in the Jura department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in eastern France.

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1968 | 169 |  |
| 1975 | 141 | −2.55% |
| 1982 | 142 | +0.10% |
| 1990 | 211 | +5.07% |
| 1999 | 209 | −0.11% |
| 2009 | 198 | −0.54% |
| 2014 | 205 | +0.70% |
| 2020 | 222 | +1.34% |
| Source: INSEE | | |

## InfoBox

| Villers-les-Bois | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| The church in Villers-les-Bois | |
| Location of Villers-les-Bois | |
| Villers-les-BoisVillers-les-Bois | |
| Coordinates: 46°54′51″N 5°34′48″E / 46.9142°N 5.58°E / 46.9142; 5.58 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Bourgogne-Franche-Comté |
| Department | Jura |
| Arrondissement | Dole |
| Canton | Bletterans |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Gérard Arnaud |
| Area**1** | 10.50 km2 (4.05 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 223 |
| Density | 21/km2 (55/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 39570 /39120 |
| Elevation | 212–252 m (696–827 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Lotte Holdings

abstract: Lotte Holdings Co., Ltd. is a Japanese multinational holding company which focused on confectionery and ice cream processing, hotels and sport management. The company was founded in June 1948 by Korean businessman Shin Kyuk-ho. It is the third largest confectionery manufacturer in Japan behind Meiji Seika and Ezaki Glico in terms of sales revenue.

text:
# Lotte Holdings

**Lotte Holdings Co., Ltd.** (株式会社ロッテホールディングス, *kabushiki gaisha Rottehōrudingusu*) is a Japanese multinational holding company which focused on confectionery and ice cream processing, hotels and sport management. The company was founded in June 1948 by Korean businessman Shin Kyuk-ho.

It is the third largest confectionery manufacturer in Japan behind Meiji Seika and Ezaki Glico in terms of sales revenue.

## InfoBox

Lotte Holdings Co., Ltd.
|
|  |
|
| Native name | 株式会社ロッテホールディングス |
| Company type | Joint-stock company |
| Industry |  |
| Founded | June 28, 1948 (1948-06-28) in Tokyo, Japan |
| Founder | Shin Kyuk-ho |
| Headquarters | Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan |
| Areas served | Worldwide |
| Key people | Hideki Nakashima (President/Representative Director) |
| Products | Confectionery |
| Services |  |
| Revenue | 338,237,000,000 (2012) |
| Operating income | ¥21,847,000,000 (2012) |
| Net income | ¥564,932,000,000 (2012) |
| Number of employees | 3700 people (April 2018) |
| Subsidiaries |  |
| Website | www.lotte.co.jp |


title: Tariq Krim

abstract: Tariq Krim is a French entrepreneur, creator of Netvibes and the founder of Jolicloud, a personal cloud content computing platform and Joli OS, a free operating system based on the Jolicloud platform. In 2008, he was the first French national named by the MIT Technology Review as one of the top 35 innovators in the world under the age of 35. He was appointed Chevalier de l’Ordre des Arts et des Lettres by the French Minister of Culture in 2011.

text:
# Tariq Krim

**Tariq Krim** (born October 25, 1972, in Paris) is a French entrepreneur, creator of Netvibes and the founder of Jolicloud, a personal cloud content computing platform and Joli OS, a free operating system based on the Jolicloud platform. In 2008, he was the first French national named by the *MIT Technology Review* as one of the top 35 innovators in the world under the age of 35. He was appointed Chevalier de l’Ordre des Arts et des Lettres (Knight of the French Order of Arts and Letters) by the French Minister of Culture in 2011.

## Early years

Tariq Krim spent his childhood in the historic area of Paris, Le Marais. His father was an economist and his mother a teacher. Passionate about computers from an early age (he was given his first computer at 10, and created his first Minitel server at 12 years old), Krim went on to study physics at the University of Paris VII and obtained his post-graduate degree from the Ecole Nationale Superieure des Telecommunications (ENST).

## Career

### Journalism

In 1994, after meeting with Jean-Francois Bizot, Krim became a writer for *Novamag* and wrote articles about cyberculture. He continued his career in journalism for the financial daily *La Tribune*. First based in Paris, then in California (he opened the newspaper's Silicon Valley branch), Krim published various articles on the Internet industry.

### Entrepreneurship

In 1999, Krim decided to move on from writing about internet innovation. That year, he founded what would become L8Rmedia, a consulting and publishing company specializing in digital media. Its first branch was in San Francisco; he later expanded to Paris. Its main online publication, GenerationMP3 (formerly "MPTrois.com"), attracts 1.5 million readers per month. and pioneered the use of participatory journalism in France.

In 2005, Krim created Netvibes with Florent Frémont, a developer friend. The personalized dashboard publishing platform claims over 10 million users worldwide, half of whom are in the United States.

In 2008, Krim left as the head of the company to create Jolicloud in 2009, co-founded with Romain Huet, the company's CTO. Their vision was to combine cloud technology with a simple user interface. Krim first developed Joli OS, a free operating system, which enabled users to optimise low-cost devices or recycle older computers. In 2012, Jolicloud launched an HTML5-based cloud platform. Jolicloud is backed by $4.2 million in venture capital funding from Atomico Ventures, formed by Kazaa and Skype founders Niklas Zennström and Janus Friis, and Mangrove Capital Partners.

## Mentoring

In 2008, Krim co-founded ISAI, "the French tech entrepreneurs' fund", which provides seed capital for web and mobile technology startups. ISAI's co-founders are all members of France's digerati: Orianne Garcia, founder of Terrafemina.com; Pierre Kosciusko-Morizet, founder of PriceMinister; Ouriel Ohayon, founder of TechCrunch France and AppsFire; Geoffroy Roux de Bézieux, CEO of Virgin Mobile; and Stéphane Treppoz, Chairman of the Executive Board of Sarenza. This combined effort has helped launch websites such as co-voiturage.fr and InstantLuxe.com. Krim has said that he has a "passion for building highly disruptive new products".

## Net freedom

He advised Adami, a French civil society that allocates the rights of performers. In 2004 he published a study called "Peer-to-Peer, a New Business Model for Music", in which he cites another study by the French Directorate of Economic Forecasting and Analysis, which concluded that "no systematic correlation can be made between downloading and the state of the music industry".

## Thought leadership

Krim is a speaker at global technology and media conferences and summits. He regularly appears on mainstream media.

In 2008, he was awarded the Information Technology for Business Creation Prize by Telecom ParisTech and its engineering association (AIST). Krim is one of six French personalities to have been selected as a Young Global Leader (YGL) by the World Economic Forum.

Krim served on the Conseil national du numérique as a vice president from 2013 to 2016.

* Tariq Krim personal website in English
* Tariq Krim thinktank Code Souverain in French

## InfoBox

| Tariq Krim | |
| --- | --- |
| Krim in 2007 | |
| Born | (1972-10-25) October 25, 1972<br>Paris |
| Nationality | French |
| Occupation | Entrepreneur |


title: Zhu Shixi

abstract: Zhu Shixi is a former Chinese politician who spent his entire career in his home-province Henan. As of May 2024 he was under investigation by China's top anti-graft watchdog. Previously he served as party secretary of Nanyang and before that, mayor of Zhumadian. He is a representative of the 20th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party. He was a delegate to the 13th National People's Congress.

text:
# Zhu Shixi

**Zhu Shixi** (Chinese: 朱是西; pinyin: *Zhī Shìxī*; born April 1966) is a former Chinese politician who spent his entire career in his home-province Henan. As of May 2024 he was under investigation by China's top anti-graft watchdog. Previously he served as party secretary of Nanyang and before that, mayor of Zhumadian. He is a representative of the 20th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party. He was a delegate to the 13th National People's Congress.

## Early life and education

Zhu was born in Yu County (now Yuzhou), Henan, in April 1966, the year the Cultural Revolution broke out. In 1985, he enrolled at the Henan College of Chinese Medicine (now Henan University of Chinese Medicine), where he majored in traditional Chinese medical science.

## Career

After university, in October 1990, Zhu became an official of the Communist Youth League of China at the Zhengzhou First Steel Plant.

In February 1993, he was appointed assistant to the head of the Organization Department of the Communist Youth League of China in Zhengzhou, rising to head in August 1996. He was made deputy secretary in April 1998. He was appointed head of the Publicity Department of the CCP Xingyang Municipal Committee in November 2001 and was admitted to member of the CCP Xingyang Municipal Committee, the city's top authority. He was elevated to head of the Organization Department of the CCP Dengfeng Municipal Committee in October 2002 and was admitted to member of the CCP Dengfeng Committee, the city's top authority. He was chosen as deputy party secretary in June 2004, in addition to serving as director and party secretary of Mount Song Scenic Area Management Committee. He took office as deputy party secretary and governor of Shangjie District in January 2007 before being assigned to the similar position in Erqi District in November 2008. He took up the post of vice mayor of Zhengzhou in December 2011 and subsequently deputy head of the Organization Department of the CCP Henan Provincial Committee in September 2012. In December 2007, he was named acting mayor of Zhumadian, confirmed in January 2018. In July 2021, he was named party secretary of Nanyang, his first foray into a prefectural leadership role.

## Downfall

On 14 May 2024, Zhu was suspected of "serious violations of laws and regulations" by the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (CCDI), the party's internal disciplinary body, and the National Supervisory Commission, the highest anti-corruption agency of China.

## InfoBox

| Zhu Shixi | |
| --- | --- |
| 朱是西 | |
|  | |
| Communist Party Secretary of Nanyang | |
| **In office**
July 2021  May 2024 | |
| Deputy | Wang Zhihui (mayor) |
| Preceded by | Zhang Wenshen |
| Mayor of Zhumadian | |
| **In office**
January 2018  July 2021 | |
| Party Secretary | Chen Xing |
| Preceded by | Chen Xing |
| Succeeded by | Li Yueyong |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | April 1966 (age 58)
Yu County, Henan, China |
| Political party | Chinese Communist Party |
| Alma mater | Henan University of Chinese Medicine
Nanyang Technological University |
|  | |


title: Eucithara hirasei

abstract: Eucithara hirasei is a small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae.

text:
# Eucithara hirasei

***Eucithara hirasei*** is a small sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae.

## Description

The length of the shell varies between 3 mm and 10.4 mm.

(Original description) The shell has an irregularly biconic shap, resembling *Eucithara decussata* (Pease, 1868). and *Eucithara delacouriana* (Crosse, 1869) in shape. The shell is thick and solid. Its color is whitish, indistinctly marked with about 4 yellowish spots on the front slope of each rib, and corresponding brown spots on the lip-varix, and with a band composed of 4 to 6 purple-brow lines below the suture. The sculpture shows longitudinal rounded ribs parted by wider concave intervals, and 10 or 11 in number on the body whorl. The last rib is much larger and forms the lip-varix. About 30 spiral threads, on the body whorl, cross the ribs and intervals, sometimes with minor threads between them. The spaces between these threads are evenly granulose by the decussation of growth lines and spiral striae, there being about four spiral series of granides in each interval. The shell contains 7½ whorls. The 2½ whorls in the protoconch are smooth and rounded, the rest subangular in the middle. The body whorl is shouldered above, the shoulder rounded. The aperture is narrow. The outer lip is nearly straight, with about 8 white teeth within. The columella is white, with four or five small entering folds, increased to 8 or 10 at the margin, and with several on the parietal wall.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off Japan and the Philippines .

* Tucker, J.K. 2004 *Catalog of recent and fossil turrids (Mollusca: Gastropoda)*. Zootaxa 682:1-1295.
* "*Eucithara hirasei*". *Gastropods.com*. Retrieved 16 January 2019.
* MNHN, Paris: *Eucithara hirasei*

## InfoBox

| *Eucithara hirasei* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Original image with two views of a shell of *Eucithara hirasei* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Superfamily: | Conoidea |
| Family: | Mangeliidae |
| Genus: | *Eucithara* |
| Species: | ***E. hirasei*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Eucithara hirasei***<br>(Pilsbry, 1904) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Mangilia (Cythara) hirasei* Pilsbry, 1904 (original combination) | |


abstract: Patrick Lyon, 3rd Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne was a Scottish peer and nobleman. He was the son of John Lyon, 2nd Earl of Kinghorne and his wife Lady Elizabeth Maule, daughter of Patrick Maule, 1st Earl of Panmure and Frances Stanhope. Patrick was the grandson of Patrick Lyon, 1st Earl of Kinghorne and his wife Anne Murray.

text:
# Patrick Lyon, 3rd Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne

**Patrick Lyon, 3rd Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne** (29 May 1643 – 15 May 1695) was a Scottish peer and nobleman. He was the son of John Lyon, 2nd Earl of Kinghorne and his wife Lady Elizabeth Maule, daughter of Patrick Maule, 1st Earl of Panmure and Frances Stanhope. Patrick was the grandson of Patrick Lyon, 1st Earl of Kinghorne and his wife Anne Murray.

## Life

On 12 May 1646, 17 days before his third birthday, Patrick inherited the titles of third Earl of Kinghorne and eleventh Lord Glamis from his father, as well as Glamis Castle and Castle Lyon (now Castle Huntly), which had been purchased by 1st Earl of Kinghorne in 1614. On 30 May 1672 he obtained a new charter, ratified in Parliament on 1 July 1677, giving an addition to his title, which was in future to be Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne, Viscount Lyon, Lord Glammis, Tannadyce, Sidlaw, and Stradichtie, with the precedence of the former honour of Earl of Kinghorne.

## Family

Patrick Lyon married Helen Middleton, daughter of John Middleton, 1st Earl of Middleton, and his wife Grizel Durham, on 23 August 1662. They had issue:

1. John Lyon, 4th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne (8 May 166310 May 1712).
2. Lady Grizel Lyon (1665circa 1721) married David Ogilvy, 3rd Earl of Airlie, and had issue.
3. Lady Jean Lyon (1666unknown), died young.
4. Lady Elizabeth Lyon (1666before 1672), died young.
5. Patrick Lyon (16691715).
6. Lady Elizabeth Lyon (16721739), married Charles Gordon, 1st Earl of Aboyne, and had issue, married Patrick Kinnaird, 3rd Lord Kinnaird, had issue, married Capt. Alexander Grant, no issue.
7. Lady Adelaide Lyon (1676–1698).
8. Charles Lyon (16791692), died young.

* "Lyon, Patrick (1642-1695)". *Dictionary of National Biography*. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.
* Balfour Paul, Sir James (1904). *The Scots peerage*. Vol. XIII. Edinburgh: D. Douglas. pp. 299–303.

## InfoBox

| The Right HonourableThe Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne | |
| --- | --- |
| Patrick Lyon, 3rd Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne | |
| Born | 29 May 1643 |
| Died | 15 May 1695 |
| Nationality | Scottish |
| Title | 3rd Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne |
| Spouse | Helen Middleton |
| Children | 8 (including John Lyon, 4th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne and Patrick Lyon) |
| Parent(s) | John Lyon, 2nd Earl of Kinghorne<br>Lady Elizabeth Maule |


abstract: There are over 94 undergraduate degrees, 48 graduate programs, and 6 associate diplomas in many different disciplines offered at the University of Guelph. The history of achievement in biomedical science, agriculture and veterinary medicine and the modern focus on life sciences are some of the strengths that define the university. The university is home to 23,000 full-time and part-time undergraduate students, 2,515 full-time and part-time graduate students and almost 3000 faculty and staff. Guelph students also have the lowest graduation rate among Canadian comprehensive universities, 5.8% higher than the national average.

text:
# List of University of Guelph academic programs

There are over 94 undergraduate degrees, 48 graduate programs, and 6 associate diplomas in many different disciplines offered at the University of Guelph. The history of achievement in biomedical science, agriculture and veterinary medicine and the modern focus on life sciences are some of the strengths that define the university. The university is home to 23,000 full-time and part-time undergraduate students, 2,515 full-time and part-time graduate students and almost 3000 faculty and staff. Guelph students also have the lowest graduation rate among Canadian comprehensive universities (at 89%), 5.8% higher than the national average.

## Undergraduate programs

As of the 2022-2023 academic year.

### Undergraduate Majors

| Undergraduate Degree | Major | Coop |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Bachelor of Arts in Media Study (B.A.A.) | Media Studies | Yes |
| Bachelor of Applied Science (B.A.Sc.) | Applied Human Nutrition | No |
| | Child Studies | No |
| | Family Studies and Human Development | No |
| Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) | Anthropology | Yes |
| | Art History | No |
| | Classical Studies | No |
| | Creative Writing | No |
| | Criminal Justice and Public Policy | Yes |
| | Culture and Technology Studies | Yes |
| | Economics | Yes |
| | English | No |
| | Environmental Governance | Yes |
| | European Studies | No |
| | Food, Agriculture and Resource Economics | No |
| | French Studies | No |
| | Geography | Yes |
| | History | Yes |
| | International Development Studies | Yes |
| | Justice and Legal Studies | Yes |
| | Mathematical Economics | Yes |
| | Mathematical Science | No |
| | Music | No |
| | Philosophy | No |
| | Political Science | Yes |
| | Psychology | Yes |
| | Sexualities, Genders and Social Change | No |
| | Sociology | No |
| | Studio Art | No |
| | Theatre Studies | No |
| | Bachelor of Arts and Sciences (B.A.S) | Bachelor of Arts and Sciences | No |
| Bachelor of Bio-Resource Management (B.B.R.M.) | Environmental Management | Yes |
| | Equine Management | Yes |
| | Food Industry Management | Yes |
|
| Bachelor of Commerce (B.Comm.) | Accounting | Yes |
| | Food and Agricultural Business | Yes |
| | Government, Economics and Management | Yes |
| | Hospitality and Tourism Management | Yes |
| | Management | Yes |
| | Management Economics and Finance | Yes |
| | Marketing Management | Yes |
| | Real Estate | Yes |
| | Sport and Event Management | Yes |
| Bachelor of Computing (B.Comp.) | Computer Science | Yes |
| | Software Engineering | Yes |
| Bachelor of Engineering (B.Eng.) | Biological Engineering | Yes |
| | Biomedical Engineering | Yes |
| | Computer Engineering | Yes |
| | Engineering Systems and Computing | Yes |
| | Environmental Engineering | Yes |
| | Mechanical Engineering | Yes |
| | Water Resource Engineering | Yes |
| Bachelor of Indigenous Environmental Science and Practice (B.I.E.S.P) | Bachelor of Indigenous Environmental Science and Practice | Yes |
| Bachelor of Landscape Architecture (B.L.A.) | Bachelor of Landscape Architecture | No |
| Bachelor of One Health (B.O.H) | Bachelor of One Health | Yes |
| Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) | Animal Biology | No |
| | Biochemistry | Yes |
| | Biodiversity | No |
| | Biological and Medical Physics | Yes |
| | Biological and Pharmaceutical Chemistry | Yes |
| | Biological Science | No |
| | Bio-Medical Science | No |
| | Biomedical Toxicology | Yes |
| | Chemical Physics | Yes |
| | Chemistry | Yes |
| | Environmental Biology | No |
| | Environmental Geomatics | Yes |
| | Food Science | Yes |
| | Human Kinetics | No |
| | Marine and Freshwater Biology | Yes |
| | Mathematical Science | No |
| | Microbiology | Yes |
| | Molecular Biology and Genetics | Yes |
| | Nanoscience | Yes |
| | Neuroscience | No |
| | Nutritional and Nutraceutical Sciences | No |
| | Physical Science | No |
| | Physics | Yes |
| | Plant Science | Yes |
| | Theoretical Physics | No |
| | Wildlife Biology and Conservation | Yes |
| | Zoology | No |
| Bachelor of Science in Agriculture (B.Sc.\[Agr.\]) | Honours Agriculture | No |
| | Animal Science | No |
| | Crop Science | No |
| | Horticulture | No |
| Bachelor of Science in Environmental Sciences (B.Sc.\[Env.\]) | Ecology | Yes |
| | Environmental Sciences | Yes |
| | Environmental Economics and Policy | Yes |
| | Environmental and Resource Management | Yes |
|

## Graduate programs

### Joint graduate programs

* Guelph-Waterloo Center for Graduate Work in Chemistry and Biochemistry (GWC2) is one of Canada’s largest and most successful graduate schools.
* Guelph-Waterloo Physics Institute (GWPI) is a joint graduate program offered by the Departments of Physics at the University of Waterloo and Guelph.
* Guelph-McMaster Collaborative MA Program in Public Policy and Administration
* The Guelph-Waterloo MA Program in Public Issues Anthropology
* Tri-University Graduate History Program (Waterloo, Laurier, Guelph)


title: UEFA Euro 1988 qualifying

abstract: This page describes the qualifying procedure for UEFA Euro 1988.

text:
# UEFA Euro 1988 qualifying

This page describes the **qualifying** procedure for **UEFA Euro 1988**.

## Qualified teams

| Team | Qualified as | Qualified on | Previous appearances
in tournament |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| West Germany | Host | 14 March 1985 | 4 (**1972**, 1976, **1980**, 1984) |
| Denmark | Group 6 winner | 14 October 1987 | 2 (1964, 1984) |
| Soviet Union | Group 3 winner | 28 October 1987 | 4 (**1960**, 1964, 1968, 1972) |
| England | Group 4 winner | 11 November 1987 | 2 (1968, 1980) |
| Republic of Ireland | Group 7 winner | 11 November 1987 | 0 (debut) |
| Italy | Group 2 winner | 14 November 1987 | 2 (***1968***, *1980*) |
| Spain | Group 1 winner | 18 November 1987 | 3 (***1964***, 1980, 1984) |
| Netherlands | Group 5 winner | 9 December 1987 | 2 (1976, 1980) |

## Seedings

| Pool 1 | Pool 2 | Pool 3 | Pool 4 | Pool 5 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| France (title holders)
**England**
**Denmark**
**Spain**
**Netherlands**
Portugal
Belgium | **Soviet Union**
Romania
Northern Ireland
Sweden
Hungary
Wales
Bulgaria | Austria
Yugoslavia
Czechoslovakia
East Germany
Poland
Switzerland
**Republic of Ireland** | Scotland
Greece
Norway
Finland
**Italy**
Turkey
Albania | Iceland
Malta
Cyprus
Luxembourg |

## Summary

Group winners qualified directly for UEFA Euro 1988   Other teams were eliminated

| Group 1 | Group 2 | Group 3 | Group 4 | Group 5 | Group 6 | Group 7 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|
Spain |
Italy |
Soviet Union |
England |
Netherlands |
Denmark |
Republic of Ireland |
|
Romania

Austria

Albania |
Sweden

Portugal

Switzerland

Malta |
East Germany

France

Iceland

Norway |
Yugoslavia

Northern Ireland

Turkey |
Greece

Hungary

Poland

Cyprus |
Czechoslovakia

Wales

Finland |
Bulgaria

Belgium

Scotland

Luxembourg |

## Tiebreakers

If two or more teams finished level on points after completion of the group matches, the following tie-breakers were used to determine the final ranking:

1. Greater number of points in all group matches
2. Goal difference in all group matches
3. Greater number of goals scored in all group matches
4. Drawing of lots

## Groups

The qualifying draw took place on 14 February 1986, in Frankfurt. West Germany qualified automatically as hosts of the competition. 32 teams entered the draw.

The qualifiers, consisting of 32 teams divided into seven groups; three of four teams and four of five teams, were played in 1986 and 1987. Each group winner progressed to the finals.

### Group 1

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Spain | 6 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 14 | 6 | +8 | 10 | Qualify for final tournament |  |  | 1–0 | 2–0 | 5–0 |
| 2 | Romania | 6 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 13 | 3 | +10 | 9 |  |  | 3–1 |  | 4–0 | 5–1 |
| 3 | Austria | 6 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 6 | 9 | 3 | | 5 |  | 2–3 | 0–0 |  | 3–0 |
| 4 | Albania | 6 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 2 | 17 | 15 | | 0 |  | 1–2 | 0–1 | 0–1 |  |

Source: UEFA

### Group 2

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Italy | 8 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 16 | 4 | +12 | 13 | Qualify for final tournament |  |  | 2–1 | 3–0 | 3–2 | 5–0 |
| 2 | Sweden | 8 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 12 | 5 | +7 | 10 |  |  | 1–0 |  | 0–1 | 2–0 | 1–0 |
| 3 | Portugal | 8 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 6 | 8 | 2 | | 8 |  | 0–1 | 1–1 |  | 0–0 | 2–2 |
| 4 | Switzerland | 8 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 9 | 9 | 0 | | 7 |  | 0–0 | 1–1 | 1–1 |  | 4–1 |
| 5 | Malta | 8 | 0 | 2 | 6 | 4 | 21 | 17 | | 2 |  | 0–2 | 0–5 | 0–1 | 1–1 |  |

Source: UEFA

### Group 3

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Soviet Union | 8 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 14 | 3 | +11 | 13 | Qualify for final tournament |  |  | 2–0 | 1–1 | 2–0 | 4–0 |
| 2 | East Germany | 8 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 13 | 4 | +9 | 11 |  |  | 1–1 |  | 0–0 | 2–0 | 3–1 |
| 3 | France | 8 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 3 | | 6 |  | 0–2 | 0–1 |  | 2–0 | 1–1 |
| 4 | Iceland | 8 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 14 | 10 | | 6 |  | 1–1 | 0–6 | 0–0 |  | 2–1 |
| 5 | Norway | 8 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 5 | 12 | 7 | | 4 |  | 0–1 | 0–0 | 2–0 | 0–1 |  |

Source: UEFA

### Group 4

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | England | 6 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 19 | 1 | +18 | 11 | Qualify for final tournament |  |  | 2–0 | 3–0 | 8–0 |
| 2 | Yugoslavia | 6 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 13 | 9 | +4 | 8 |  |  | 1–4 |  | 3–0 | 4–0 |
| 3 | Northern Ireland | 6 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 10 | 8 | | 3 |  | 0–2 | 1–2 |  | 1–0 |
| 4 | Turkey | 6 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 16 | 14 | | 2 |  | 0–0 | 2–3 | 0–0 |  |

Source: UEFA

### Group 5

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Netherlands | 8 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 15 | 1 | +14 | 14 | Qualify for final tournament |  |  | 1–1 | 2–0 | 0–0 | 4–0 |
| 2 | Greece | 8 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 12 | 13 | 1 | 9 |  |  | 0–3 |  | 2–1 | 1–0 | 3–1 |
| 3 | Hungary | 8 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 13 | 11 | +2 | | 8 |  | 0–1 | 3–0 |  | 5–3 | 1–0 |
| 4 | Poland | 8 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 9 | 11 | 2 | | 8 |  | 0–2 | 2–1 | 3–2 |  | 0–0 |
| 5 | Cyprus | 8 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 3 | 16 | 13 | | 1 |  | 0–2 | 2–4 | 0–1 | 0–1 |  |

Source: UEFA
Notes: 1. The Netherlands v Cyprus match originally finished as an 8–0 win for the Netherlands, but the match was marred by crowd violence. The Cypriot goalkeeper Andreas Charitou was injured by a homemade bomb which exploded close to him. Therefore the result was annulled and the match was ordered to be replayed behind closed doors.

### Group 6

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Denmark | 6 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 2 | +2 | 8 | Qualify for final tournament |  |  | 1–1 | 1–0 | 1–0 |
| 2 | Czechoslovakia | 6 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 7 | 5 | +2 | 7 |  |  | 0–0 |  | 2–0 | 3–0 |
| 3 | Wales | 6 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 7 | 5 | +2 | | 6 |  | 1–0 | 1–1 |  | 4–0 |
| 4 | Finland | 6 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 10 | 6 | | 3 |  | 0–1 | 3–0 | 1–1 |  |

Source: UEFA

### Group 7

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Republic of Ireland | 8 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 10 | 5 | +5 | 11 | Qualify for final tournament |  |  | 2–0 | 0–0 | 0–0 | 2–1 |
| 2 | Bulgaria | 8 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 12 | 6 | +6 | 10 |  |  | 2–1 |  | 2–0 | 0–1 | 3–0 |
| 3 | Belgium | 8 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 16 | 8 | +8 | | 9 |  | 2–2 | 1–1 |  | 4–1 | 3–0 |
| 4 | Scotland | 8 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 7 | 5 | +2 | | 9 |  | 0–1 | 0–0 | 2–0 |  | 3–0 |
| 5 | Luxembourg | 8 | 0 | 1 | 7 | 2 | 23 | 21 | | 1 |  | 0–2 | 1–4 | 0–6 | 0–0 |  |

Source: UEFA

## Goalscorers

There were 287 goals scored in 117 matches, for an average of 2.45 goals per match.

**9 goals**

**7 goals**

**6 goals**

**5 goals**

**4 goals**

**3 goals**

**2 goals**

**1 goal**

1. The matches/goals tally takes into account fixtures that were subsequently annulled.
1. Stokkermans, Karel (22 June 2004). "European Championship 1988". *RSSSF.com*. Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved 5 March 2018.

## InfoBox

UEFA Euro 1988 qualifying
| Tournament details | |
| --- | --- |
| Dates | 10 September 1986 – 20 December 1987 |
| Teams | 32 |
| Tournament statistics | |
| Matches played | 117 |
| Goals scored | 287 (2.45 per match) |
| Top scorer(s) | John Bosman (9 goals) |
|