title: Verite Film Festival (Kashmir)

abstract: Verite Film Festival is an annual film festival of Kashmiri cinema held in Awantipora, Jammu and Kashmir, India.

text:
# Verite Film Festival (Kashmir)

**Verite Film Festival** is an annual film festival of Kashmiri cinema held in Awantipora, Jammu and Kashmir, India.

## History

Its first edition (2011) was organized by Parallel Post – an e-magazine in collaboration with Islamic University of Science & Technology (IUST), Awantipora and was held annually thereafter. It was the first National Students Film festival in Kashmir. The festival is aimed to explore the budding talent among the students in the field of film making. Twenty-two films were screened in the first edition of the film festival dealing with various ‘hard-hitting and pressing issues’ such as livelihood issues, loss of tradition and heritage, conflict and its various facets of presentation, drug abuse etc.

## Aim of the festival

The objective of organizing this Film festival is to groom the potential of the young documentary film makers across the country and particularly from the Kashmir valley. Moreover, the festival will provide a launch pad for Kashmiri discourse whereby the upcoming student film makers will meet and interact with the established film makers and students throughout the country.

## 2011

In this year 22 films directed by young artists were screened dealing with various ‘hard-hitting and pressing issues’. Most of the films screened in the festival were about Kashmir Conflict and its various facets of presentation, livelihood issues, loss of tradition and heritage, drug abuse etc.

A short animated movie ‘Hopscotch’ by cartoonist Malik Sajad revealed the story of divided Kashmir. Another documentary 'Patience on trial' by Naureen Farooq revolved around the wishes, hopes and needs of orphans.

The film *In limbo, Kashmiris Half-widow's* a film by Lebul Nissa, Human Rights lawyer was about Half-widows of Kashmir ("half-widow", a term given to women whose husbands have completely disappeared and are still missing during the ongoing conflict in Kashmir.).

The event was first of its kinds and was praised by many dignitaries present at the festival. Noted poet Poet Zareef Ahmed Zareef expressed joy and said there is a dire need of noble teachers who will lead budding talent into the right direction. "The way they presented the various aspects of Kashmir is admirable. God has gifted Kashmir with the best talent. The day will definitely come when we will produce the better film makers to show the true story of our Land".

### Awards

Twenty-two films were screened out of which **Life on Wheels** by Adil Shah won the award for the best film. **Pankh** by Nishant was adjudged the second prize winner and the third prize was given to three films - **Lost** by Ather Mohiuddin, **Hopskotch** by Malik Sajjad and **Eidiyaan** by Muhammad Irfan Dar and Aman Kaleem.

### Films Screened

| Film | Director | Duration | Details |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Behind the Darkness | Akif Mufti | 30 min | It is an attempt to unearth the history of Middle Ages when there was a tremendous intellectual activity in Islamic world. |
| The Ninth Act (special screening) | Ali Emraann Kureshi | 25 min. | Experiment |
| Pandiths | Mehak Fayaz | 16 min. | The documentary is about Kashmiri pundits who had not left Kashmir when other from their community where leaving, after militancy started in 1989. The documentary tries to look into the various aspects of their life in Kashmir, which unlike the migrant is mostly unreported. |
| Sailing Through generations | Benish Ali Bhat | 15 min. | The film dicments the life of shikarawalas and the life lived in the lake city. |
| Dal Lake | Turfat ul ain | 6 min | It is all about the mesmerizing beauty of Dal lake. |
| Stairs of Faith | Jamshed Rasul and Team. | 7 min. | Stairs of faith is a documentary depicting the unflinching faith that people in Kashmir have in the Shrine of Sheikh Hamza Makhdoom popularly known in Kashmir as Makhdoom Sahab(R.A). |
| Charare Sharief | - | 7 min. | It’s a travelogue |
| Dreams of Despair | Nayeem Raja | 5 min. | - |
| I love you *maa* | Harris Zargar | 6 min. | This movie is about crèche going children. |
| Life on Wheels (Best Film) | Adil shah | 9 min. | The film is about the life of a bus conductor. Often seen is a vestigial organ of the society, the files an endeavour to look into the life of this sect of the society |
| Lost- The unending Search (Shared 3rd prize with two others) | Athar Mohi-ud-din | 24 min. | The Documentary putting forward the misery of the families of those people who got disappeared in the tempest of the Indo-Pak conflict over Kashmir. |
| Drug De-addiction | Nayeem Khan | 9 min. | This documentary is about the drug de-addiction. It mainly focuses on the rehabilitation of drug addicts. |
| Hopscotch (Shared 3rd prize with two others) | Malik Sajad | 2 min. | This is a short animated movie. |
| Half widows | Leb ul Nisa | 2 min. | Talks about the women folk who are present only in Kashmir. |
| Pankh (2nd Prize winner) | Nishant Rana | 6 min. | Q-What makes a man fly? Ans.- A dream |
| Raaga | Chirag Thakkar | 6 min. | A spiritual commentary on the essence of life. All of us have those moments, when life seems static and when the tables turn against one. This is astory of one such man in his thirties who re-visits that juncture of his life when a stranger helped him move on. Raaga! |
| Zadah | Sushant. H. W. | 13 min. | Docu-fiction, Zadah -A socio-political love story. An attempt to understand and explain the prolonged and complex issue of the state of Kashmir personified as a woman oppressed between two patriarchal hypocrite society(s). The role of the media. And a question. |
| Heritage Lost | Rohi Jehan | 8 min. | Just 100 years ago sericulture was largest revenue generating department of Kashmir. But now this industry is battling for survival. Our documentary under title ‘Heritage Lost’ has been made to highlight many issues related to this industry which includes the most important issue, that is, the valley once had one of the largest silk factories in the world. But now more than 50% of its land has been sold to different departments by the government to clear liabilities of employees. The process of selling this great industrial heritage is going on and nobody seems to be bothered about protecting it. |
| Lungi vs Jeans (Special screening) | Nasir Ali Khan aka RJ Nasir | - | This is a comic movie which compares jeans and lungi culture. |
| Patience on trial | Naureen Farooq | - | This movie is about Orphans. |
| Eidyaan (Shared 3rd prize with two others) | M. Irfan Dar | 18 min. | Eidyaan is about a lost brother whose return is awaited in a household for over nine years. FICTION |
| Land of no return | M. Gowhar Bhat | 13 min. | The movie is about the Tibetan refugees in India. |

## Notes and references


abstract: The Museum for Railway Technology Novosibirsk is a railway museum in Novosibirsk. It was formally opened in 2000 near Sejatel railway station, at the Novosibirsk–Berdsk line and is the second largest transport museum in Russia after the Central Railway Museum in St Petersburg.

text:
# Museum for Railway Technology Novosibirsk

The **Museum for Railway Technology Novosibirsk** (Russian: Новосибирский музей железнодорожной техники, *Nowosibirski musei schelesnodoroschnoi techniki*) is a railway museum in Novosibirsk. It was formally opened in 2000 near Sejatel railway station (станцией Сеятель), at the Novosibirsk–Berdsk line and is the second largest transport museum in Russia after the Central Railway Museum in St Petersburg.

## History

Nikolai Akulinin was the founder of the museum. He worked from 1946 to 1955 at the North Caucasus Railway and since 1955 at various railways in Siberia. After retiring in 1984, he started to work on the collection of the museum for several years, storing the relevant exhibits on the circular track of the All-Russian Railway Research Institute. In 1998 the West Siberian Railway endorsed the establishment of a museum. Preparatory work lasted until 2000, when the museum was formally inaugurated on 4 August 2000 during the celebrations of the Railway Day. Contrary to his wish, it was named after Nikolai Akulininas, who was also its first director.

The open-air museum presents 17 steam locomotives, 15 diesel locomotives, 12 electro locomotives, carriages and paraphernalia from the 19th and 20th century, mainly from Russian and Soviet production. In addition, some locomotives from the United States, Czechoslovakia and Hungary are exhibited. The museum has also a collection of mainly Soviet cars, and since 2006 some foreign classic cars.

The museum has also an educational obligation: It organises seminars and conferences, which cover a wide variety of railway related topics.

## Exhibits

### Steam locomotives

Steam locomotives П36 (097), 9П (-2), Ea (N3078), L (-3993), L (N013), LW (040), SO (N17-508), Su (213-42), FD20 (588), Em (725-12), Er (789-91) and a replica made in 2002 of the first steam locomotive built by Yefim and Miron Cherepanov in 1833–1834.

### Diesel locomotives

Diesel locomotives LTS M62 (500), ТЭМ2 (2110), CzME3 (-5452), CzS3 (-73), TE10L, TE10M (-2670), 2TE116 (-037), TGM23b (1026), TGM1 (2925), TGM4 (1676), TGK (8626), TE2 (289), TEM2 (1768), TEM15 (-016), TEP60 (-1195), TEP80 (-0001), TE3 (-7376), TE7 (-096), TEP10 (082), CzME2 (-508), CzS2 (-039) and CzS4 (-023)

### Electric locomotives

Electric locomotives WL22m (N 1932), WL23 (501), WL80c (005), WL80c (1066-2), WL8 (-1232), WL10 (271) and WL60k (-649)

### Carriages

Leon Trotsky's private carriage, hospital carriages, luggage carriages, prison carriages, tank cars including those for spirits, cooling cars, garbage cars, grain cars, cars for transporting liquid metal, fire engines and snow plows.

1. Новосибирский музей железнодорожной техники им. Н. А. Акулинина. (Russian for: Museum for Railway Technology. N. A. Akulinina). Retrieved 31 Mai 2012 and 18 November 2017.
2. Музей железнодорожной техники в Новосибирске отмечает 10 лет со дня открытия (Russian for: Museum for Railway Technology Novosibirsk celebrates 10th anniversary.) Retrieved 31 May 2012 and 18 November 2017.

## InfoBox

Museum for Railway Technology Novosibirsk
| Новосибирский музей железнодорожной техники
*Nowosibirski musei schelesnodoroschnoi techniki* | |
| --- | --- |
| Locomotives | |
|  | |
| Established | 4 August 2000 (2000-08-04) |
| Location | Rasesnaja Street 35
(Разъездная ул. 35)
Novosibirsk |
| Coordinates | 54°52′09″N 83°04′34″E / 54.869157°N 83.076008°E / 54.869157; 83.076008 |


title: North Star Roller Derby

abstract: North Star Roller Derby (NSRD) is a non-profit women's flat track roller derby league based in Minneapolis, Minnesota. North Star plays its home games at the Lee & Rose Warner Coliseum, and is a member of the Women's Flat Track Derby Association (WFTDA). In June 2017, the league announced it had updated its name from "North Star Roller Girls" to "North Star Roller Derby".

text:
# North Star Roller Derby

**North Star Roller Derby** (NSRD) is a non-profit women's flat track roller derby league based in Minneapolis, Minnesota. North Star plays its home games at the Lee & Rose Warner Coliseum, and is a member of the Women's Flat Track Derby Association (WFTDA).

In June 2017, the league announced it had updated its name from "North Star Roller Girls" to "North Star Roller Derby".

## Organization and teams

North Star Roller Derby was formed in June 2006 from the former TC Rollers organization. North Star is a Limited Liability Company (LLC), formed pursuant to the laws of the State of Minnesota. Skaters are not paid to play, and referees, announcers, and support staff are all volunteers. North Star is committed to partnering with local businesses and charitable organizations in an effort to strengthen and support the community at large.

North Star Roller Derby has four home teams: the Banger Sisters, Delta Delta Di, Kilmores, and the Violent Friends. North Star also fields two traveling teams which compete against teams from other leagues, the Supernovas and the Northern Lights, composed of skaters from all four league teams.

### 2015-2016 home season results

| Bout Schedule | Match-up 1/Results | Match up 2/Results |
| --- | --- | --- |
| November 14, 2015 | Banger Sisters (n/a) vs Kilmore Girls (n/a) | Delta Delta Di (n/a) vs Violent Femmes (n/a) |
| December 5, 2015 | Banger Sisters (n/a) vs Violent Femmes (n/a) | Kilmore Girls (n/a) vs Forx Roller Derby (n/a) |
| January 9, 2016 | Kilmore Girls (n/a) vs Violent Femmes (n/a) | Delta Delta Di (n/a) vs Mankato Area Roller Derby (n/a) |
| January 30, 2016 | Banger Sisters (n/a) vs Delta Delta Di (n/a) | Violent Femmes (n/a) vs SCAR Dolls (n/a) |
| February 20, 2016 | Delta Delta Di (n/a) vs Kilmore Girls (n/a) | Banger Sisters (n/a) vs Chippewa Valley Roller Girls (n/a) |
| March 12, 2016 Championship | Delta Delta Di (n/a) vs. Violent Femmes (n/a) (3rd Place) | Kilmore Girls (n/a) vs **Banger Sisters (n/a) (1st Place)** |

### 2013-2014 home season results

| Bout Schedule | Match-up 1/Results | Match-up 2/Results |
| --- | --- | --- |
| October 5, 2013 | Delta Delta Di (95) vs **Violent Femmes (96)** | **Banger Sisters (219)** vs Kilmore Girls (69) |
| November 23, 2013 | Kilmore Girls (47) vs **Violent Femmes (179)** | **Banger Sisters (135)** vs Delta Delta Di (64) |
| January 18, 2014 | **Delta Delta Di (180)** vs Kilmore Girls (67) | Banger Sisters (81) vs **Violent Femmes (139)** |
| February 22, 2014
Championship | **Delta Delta Di (163)** vs Kilmore Girls (71) (3rd Place) | **Banger Sisters (181)** vs Violent Femmes (72) (1st Place) |

### 2012-2013 home season results

| Bout Schedule | Match-up 1/Results | Match-up 2/Results |
| --- | --- | --- |
| October 20, 2012 | **Delta Delta Di (113)** vs Banger Sisters (63) | **Violent Femmes (137)** vs Kilmore Girls (22) |
| November 17, 2012 | **Violent Femmes (121)** vs Banger Sisters (31) | **Delta Delta Di (88)** vs Kilmore Girls (50) |
| December 8, 2012 | Violent Femmes (71) vs **Delta Delta Di (80)** | **Banger Sisters (110)** vs Kilmore Girls (70) |
| January 5, 2013 | Banger Sisters (91) vs **Delta Delta Di (103)** | **Violent Femmes (93)** vs Kilmore Girls (52 |
| February 22, 2013
Championships | Delta Delta Di (53) vs **Violent Femmes (76) (1st Place)** | Kilmore Girls (76) vs **Banger Sisters (105) (3rd Place)** |

### 2013 interleague season results

North Star Roller Derby supports two interleague travel teams. The WFTDA Charter team, the Supernovas, bout to maintain eligibility for WFTDA rankings and tournaments. The B-team, the Northern Lights, competes against other B-level teams in bouts and tournaments that maintain and support athletic development although they do not count for rankings. Both travel teams work and train together.

| Bout Schedule | Supernovas Match-up/Results |
| --- | --- |
| June 2, 2013 | (141) vs **Suburbia Roller Derby Suburban Brawl (242)** at Midwest Brewhaha (Milwaukee, WI) |
| May 31, 2013 | Supernovas (142) vs Old Capitol City Roller Girls All Stars (222) at Midwest Brewhaha (Milwaukee, WI) |
| April 20, 2013 | **Supernovas (375)** at Mississippi Valley Mayhem All-Stars (50) (La Crosse, WI) |
| March 30, 2013 | Supernovas (124) vs **Fargo Moorhead Derby Girls Northern Pains (148)** (Minneapolis, MN) |
| February 2, 2013 | **Supernovas (194)** vs Des Moines Derby Dames All Stars (92) (Minneapolis, MN) |

Additional game records and stats are available at Flat Track Stats.

| Bout Schedule | Northern Lights Match-up/Results |
| --- | --- |
| May 18, 2013 | **Northern Lights (509)** vs Williston WreckHers (44) at Rumble in the Valley (Grand Forks, ND) |
| May 18, 2013 | **Northern Lights (362)** vs Fargo Moorhead Derby Girls Furies (82) at Rumble in the Valley (Grand Forks, ND) |
| May 18, 2013 | **Northern Lights (322)** vs St Cloud Area Roller (SCAR) Dolls Travel Team (88) at Rumble in the Valley (Grand Forks, ND) (For 1st Place) |
| March 30, 2013 | **Northern Lights (202)** vs Fargo Moorhead Derby Girls Furies (29) (Minneapolis, MN) |
| February 2, 2013 | **Northern Lights (93)** vs Des Moines Derby Dames Crash Test Dolls (58) (Minneapolis, MN) |

Additional game records and stats are available at Flat Track Stats.

## WFTDA competition

In sanctioned WFTDA play, North Star is represented by the Supernovas. North Star first competed at WFTDA Playoffs at the 2009 WFTDA North Central Regional Tournament, entering as the eighth seed and finishing in fifth place with an 85-43 victory over Arch Rival Roller Girls from St. Louis. In 2010, North Star returned to the regional playoff as the sixth seed, and finished in seventh place, capped by a 138-84 win over the Brewcity Bruisers of Milwaukee.

### Rankings

WFTDA Member leagues are ranked internationally. Leagues are ranked six times per year, on a bi-monthly basis.

| Season | Final ranking | Playoffs | Championship |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2009 | 5 NC | 5 NC | *DNQ* |
| 2010 | 7 NC | 7 NC | *DNQ* |
| 2011 | 12 NC | *DNQ* | *DNQ* |
| 2012 | 21 NC | *DNQ* | *DNQ* |
| 2013 | 81 WFTDA | *DNQ* | *DNQ* |
| 2014 | 79 WFTDA | *DNQ* | *DNQ* |
| 2015 | 74 WFTDA | *DNQ* | *DNQ* |
| 2016 | 73 WFTDA | *DNQ* | *DNQ* |
| 2017 | 59 WFTDA | *DNQ* | *DNQ* |

## InfoBox

North Star Roller Derby
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Metro area | Minneapolis |
| Country | United States |
| Founded | 2006 |
| Teams | **Supernovas** (A team)
Northern Lights (B team)
Banger Sisters
Delta Delta Di
Kilmore Girls
Violent Femmes |
| Track type(s) | Flat |
| Venue | Lee & Rose Warner Coliseum |
| Affiliations | WFTDA |
| Org. type | Non-Profit |
| Website | northstarrollerderby.com |


title: Érik Bédard

abstract: Érik Joseph Bédard is a Canadian former professional baseball pitcher. He pitched in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Baltimore Orioles, Seattle Mariners, Boston Red Sox, Pittsburgh Pirates, Houston Astros and Tampa Bay Rays. With Baltimore, Bédard was the staff ace, setting the franchise single-season strikeouts per nine innings record at 10.93 in 2007.

text:
# Érik Bédard

**Érik Joseph Bédard** (pronounced \[eʁik beˈdɑʁ\] *baydar*; born March 5, 1979) is a Canadian former professional baseball pitcher. He pitched in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Baltimore Orioles, Seattle Mariners, Boston Red Sox, Pittsburgh Pirates, Houston Astros and Tampa Bay Rays. With Baltimore, Bédard was the staff ace, setting the franchise single-season strikeouts per nine innings record at 10.93 in 2007.

## Early years

Bédard was born on March 5, 1979, in Navan, Ontario, a suburb of Ottawa. A Franco-Ontarian, Bédard began his baseball career in the Orleans Little League and the Ontario Baseball Association. He was a pitcher on the 1992 Orleans Junior Red Sox team which defeated Glace Bay in the 1992 Canadian Championship. Bédard did not play high school baseball, which is common in Canada due to the short playing season.

Although 5 ft 4 in (1.63 m) and 120 pounds (54 kg) as a senior, he grew seven inches and gained 30 pounds (14 kg) during the summer between graduating from high school and beginning college. He accompanied a friend to a tryout at Norwalk Community College in Norwalk, Connecticut, and made the baseball team as a walk-on.

While in college, he added 10 miles per hour to his fastball, gained another 30 pounds (14 kg), took the "lowest level" non-credit English language course to enhance his knowledge of the language, and became a junior college All-American.

## Professional career

### Baltimore Orioles

As a left-handed starter, Bédard was drafted by the Baltimore Orioles in the sixth round of the 1999 Major League Baseball draft. He made his professional debut with the Gulf Coast Orioles, where he allowed only one earned run in 20.1 innings for an 0.44 ERA, 4th best among all minor league pitchers that year. He spent the 2000 season with the Delmarva Shorebirds of the South Atlantic League, where he was 9–4 with a 3.57 ERA in 29 games (22 starts). In 2001 with the Frederick Keys of the Carolina League, he led all Orioles farmhands with a 2.15 ERA and compiled a 9–2 record in 17 starts.

Bédard made his MLB debut on April 17, 2002, for the Orioles against the New York Yankees. He entered the game in the bottom of the eighth and allowed a single to the first batter he faced (Jason Giambi) before retiring Jorge Posada on a pop fly and striking out Robin Ventura swinging before he was replaced by another reliever. He also appeared in a game on April 21 against the Tampa Bay Devil Rays and allowed an RBI single to the only batter he faced (Ben Grieve). He was optioned to the Double-A Bowie Baysox two days later and pitched in 13 games for them, including 12 starts, with a 6–3 record and a 1.97 ERA. He was named the Eastern League's best pitching prospect by *Baseball America*. However, Bédard left his start on June 26 with pain in his left elbow and would undergo "Tommy John" ligament replacement surgery on September 10.

Bédard spent most of the 2003 season on the disabled list rehabbing his elbow and returned to make only six short starts in the minors late in the season. He received an invitation to big-league spring training the next year and made the most of his opportunity, beating out other pitchers for the fifth spot in the starting rotation. In 2004, he posted a 4.59 ERA in 137+13 innings of work. His strikeout numbers were 7.93 K/9, and he had 71 walks allowed. Bédard was criticized for having a high pitch count (19.5 pitches/inning), forcing him to frequently make early exits from ballgames, and he was criticized for lacking a third type of pitch.

Under the tutelage of pitching coach Ray Miller, who rejoined the Orioles in the middle of the 2004 season, Bédard refined his control of the changeup (his third pitch) to go along with his 91–93 mph fastball and slurve. In the beginning of 2005, he posted a 2.08 ERA, but after a sprained knee sidelined him for two months, he posted a 5.44 ERA. He had one of his best statistical years in 2006, going 15–11 in 33 starts and posting a 3.76 ERA and 1.35 WHIP. He also pitched a total of 196.1 innings, his highest in any season.

Bédard was named the Orioles' 2007 Opening Day starting pitcher. On May 20, he recorded his first major league hit, a single up the middle in the 5th against the Washington Nationals. In his next at-bat, he looped an RBI single over shortstop, going 2–2 with a sacrifice in the game. On July 7, Bédard struck out 15 Texas Rangers, matching the Orioles franchise record set by Mike Mussina. In the same game, he faced the minimum number of batters (27), as the only two batters who reached base were later out on double plays. His 15 strikeouts also set the record for the most in a game by a Canadian. His performance throughout the month earned him the American League Pitcher of the month award for July 2007.

Although he played for a losing team, Bédard's individual performance put him among those shortlisted to contend for the American League Cy Young Award. Then-teammate Kevin Millar stated that Bédard "probably has the best curveball in baseball." Bédard broke the franchise single-season strikeout record on August 26. The previous record was held by Mike Mussina, who had 218 in 1997.

The results of an MRI on September 4 confirmed that Bédard suffered a strained oblique in his previous start on August 26. Because the Orioles were eliminated from playoff contention later that week, manager Dave Trembley decided to shut down Bédard for the remainder of the season on September 9, prematurely ending his season by placing him on the 60-day disabled list.

Bédard finished the season with a 13–5 record, posting a 3.16 ERA with 221 strikeouts. He was eligible for arbitration from the Orioles during the 2007–2008 offseason.

### Seattle Mariners

On February 8, 2008, Bédard was traded to the Seattle Mariners in a 5-for-1 deal sending outfielder Adam Jones and pitchers George Sherrill, Tony Butler, Chris Tillman and Kam Mickolio to the Orioles. On February 13, Mariners manager John McLaren announced that he would be their Opening Day starter. Bédard then signed a one-year, $7 million deal with the Mariners on February 15, avoiding salary arbitration. He was 6–4 with a 3.67 ERA in 15 starts for the Mariners in 2008 but on July 10, 2008, he was placed on the 15-day disabled list with stiffness in his left shoulder. He missed the rest of the season and underwent arthroscopic surgery on the shoulder on September 26.

Bédard only played the first four months of the 2009 season before landing on the disabled list again due to a torn labrum in his pitching shoulder. He finished with a 5–3 record and a 2.82 ERA.

On February 6, 2010, Bédard re-signed with the Mariners to a one-year contract with a mutual option for 2011. At the start of the 2010 season, there was hope he would return to the majors as soon as May or June 2010. Since then, he suffered multiple setbacks while rehabbing his shoulder and did not pitch in the majors in 2010, though he did appear in three minor league rehab games.

After the 2010 season, the Mariners declined their 2011 option on Bédard's contract and re-signed him to an incentive laden non-guaranteed contract. He appeared in 16 games for the Mariners to start the 2011 season, with a 4–7 record and a 3.45 ERA.

### Boston Red Sox

On July 31, 2011, Bédard and minor league pitcher Josh Fields were traded to the Boston Red Sox for minor league outfielders Trayvon Robinson and Chih-Hsien Chiang as part of a three team deal that also involved minor leaguers Tim Federowicz, Stephen Fife and Juan Rodriguez going to the Los Angeles Dodgers.

Bedard made eight starts for the Red Sox in August and September. He never went more than six innings, and had one win, two losses and a 4.03 ERA.

### Pittsburgh Pirates

On December 7, 2011, the Pittsburgh Pirates signed Bédard to a one-year, $4.5 million contract. He was their 2012 Opening Day Starter.

Bedard had 7 wins, 14 losses and an ERA of 5.02 in 24 starts, and was released on August 28.

### Houston Astros

After their move to the American League, the Houston Astros signed Bédard to a minor-league deal on January 21, 2013. He recorded his first career save on opening day, March 31, 2013, with 3+13 innings of relief against rival Texas Rangers. On July 21, 2013, he pitched 6+13 innings of a no hitter when he asked to leave his no-hitter after 109 pitches. In 32 appearances (26 starts) for the Astros, he was 4–12 with a 4.59 ERA.

### Tampa Bay Rays

On February 17, 2014, he signed a minor league contract with the Tampa Bay Rays. He was released by the Rays on March 25 and became a free agent, exercising an "opt-out" clause in his contract after not making the starting rotation at the end of spring training. A few days later, he changed his mind and agreed to report to the Durham Bulls, the AAA minor league affiliate of the Rays.

On April 11 the Rays announced that Bédard had been called up from Durham to the major league team. He pitched for the Rays until he was designated for assignment on July 28, 2014. Bédard was released on August 3. In 17 appearances (15 starts), he was 4–6 with a 4.76 ERA.

### Los Angeles Dodgers

On January 18, 2015, Bédard signed a minor league contract with the Los Angeles Dodgers. On March 23 the Dodgers announced that Bédard would miss four to six weeks after he strained his back during a spring training appearance, ending any chance he had to make the opening day roster. After spending the start of the season in extended spring training rehabilitating his injury Bedard was assigned to the Class-A Rancho Cucamonga Quakes on May 25. He made three starts for the Quakes with a 1–1 record and 5.02 ERA before announcing his retirement on June 11.

## InfoBox

| Érik Bédard | |
| --- | --- |
| Bedard with the Houston Astros | |
| **Pitcher** | |
| **Born:**  (1979-03-05) March 5, 1979<br>Navan, Ontario, Canada | |
| **Batted:** Left**Threw:** Left | |
| MLB debut | |
| April 17, 2002, for the Baltimore Orioles | |
| Last MLB appearance | |
| July 12, 2014, for the Tampa Bay Rays | |
| MLB statistics | |
| Win–loss record | 71–82 |
| Earned run average | 3.99 |
| Strikeouts | 1,246 |
|  | |
| Teams | |
|  | |


title: Newfoundland and Labrador Route 94

abstract: Route 94, also known as Admirals Beach Road, is a 18.9-kilometre-long (11.7 mi) north-south highway on the Avalon Peninsula of Newfoundland. It connects the communities of Admirals Beach and O'Donnells with Route 90 in the town of St. Joseph's.

text:
# Newfoundland and Labrador Route 94

**Route 94**, also known as **Admirals Beach Road**, is a 18.9-kilometre-long (11.7 mi) north-south highway on the Avalon Peninsula of Newfoundland. It connects the communities of Admirals Beach and O'Donnells with Route 90 in the town of St. Joseph's.

## Route description

Route 94 begins in Admirals Beach at the Harbour and heads northeast through town before leaving and passing along the coastline of St. Mary's Bay for several kilometres. It now crosses an Inlet via a Causeway before passing through O'Donnells and turning more inland through hilly terrain. The highway now enters St. Joseph's as begins following the Salmonier Arm of St. Mary's Bay and passes through town for a few kilometres before coming to an end at a Y-Intersection with Route 90 (Salmonier Line).

## Major intersections

| Location | km | mi | Destinations | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Admirals Beach | 0.0 | 0.0 | Dead End at Admirals Beach's harbour | Southern terminus |
| St. Joseph's | 18.9 | 11.7 | Route 90 (Salmonier Line) Holyrood, St. Mary's, St. Vincent's | Northern terminus |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi<br> | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| Route 94 | |
| --- | --- |
| Admirals Beach Road | |
| Route information | |
| Maintained by Newfoundland and Labrador Department of Transportation and Infrastructure | |
| Length | 18.9 km (11.7 mi) |
| Major junctions | |
| South end | Admirals Beach |
| North end | Route 90 in St. Joseph's |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | Newfoundland and Labrador |
|  | |
| Highway system | |
|  | |
| Route 93   Route 100 | |


title: 1992 Louis Vuitton Cup

text:
# 1992 Louis Vuitton Cup

The 3rd Louis Vuitton Cup was held in San Diego, United States in 1992. The winner, Il Moro di Venezia, went on to challenge for the 1992 America's Cup.

## Teams

Eight challengers from seven nations contested the 1992 Louis Vuitton Cup. Together they spent over $250 million. Il Moro di Venezia alone constructed four boats and spent over $85 million.

| Club | Team | Skipper | Yachts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Compagnia della Vela di Venezia | Il Moro di Venezia | Paul Cayard | ITA-25 |
| Cruising Yacht Club of Australia | Australian Challenge | Syd Fischer | AUS-17 |
| Darling Harbour Yacht Club | Spirit of Australia | Peter Gilmour | AUS-21 |
| Monte Real Club de Yates de Bayona | Desafio Español Copa America | Pedro Campos Calvo-Sotelo | ESP-22 |
| Yacht Club de Sète | Le Defi Francais 95 | Marc Pajot | FRA-27 |
| Nippon Ocean Racing Club | Nippon Challenge | Chris Dickson | JPN-26 |
| Mercury Bay Boating Club | New Zealand Challenge | Rod Davis | NZL-20 |
| Stenungsbaden Yacht Club | Swedish America's Cup Challenge | Gunnar Krantz | SWE-19 |

### Il Moro di Venezia

The Italian challenge Il Moro Challenge was funded by Raul Gardini and skippered by American Paul Cayard. The primary designer was Germán Frers and the operations manager was Laurent Esquier. John Kolius was involved but could not sail as he had not completed his Italian eligibility requirements. Tommaso Chieffi was the tactician and Enrico Chieffi was the navigator. Other crew included Robert Hopkins and Steven Erickson.

### Australian Challenge

From Sydney's Cruising Yacht Club of Australia, the Australian Challenge was skippered by Syd Fischer. Colin Beashel was the helmsman and Hugh Treharne the tactician.

### Spirit of Australia

A second Australian challenge from Sydney, Spirit of Australia was headed by Iain Murray, skippered by Peter Gilmour and the team included Tom Schnackenberg.

### Desafio Español Copa America

From Spain, *ESP-22* was skippered by Pedro Campos Calvo-Sotelo and coached by Peter Lester. The crew included Antonio Gorostegui.

### Le Defi Francais 95

Le Defi Francais 95 was skippered by Marc Pajot. Bertrand Pacé was the backup helmsman and navigator.

### Nippon Challenge

The first entry from Japan, Nippon Challenge was skippered by Chris Dickson, who had fallen out with the New Zealand Challenge during the 1987 Louis Vuitton Cup. John Cutler was the tactician and the crew included Erle Williams and Mike Spanhake.

### New Zealand Challenge

Michael Fay financed what would be his final New Zealand Challenge. Managed by Peter Blake, the team was skippered by Rod Davis and *NZL 20's* crew included tactician David Barnes, bow, Alan Smith; mid-bow, David Brooke; mast, Barry McKay; pit, Denis Kendall; floater, Mark Hauser; grinders, Andrew Taylor and Sean Clarkson; genoa trimmers, Kevin Shoebridge and Grant Loretz; mainsheet traveler, Don Cowie; mainsheet trimmer, Simon Daubney; and running backstays, Tony Rae and Peter Evans. Russell Coutts sailed the second boat and additional crew members included Chris Salthouse, Robbie Naismith, Ross Halcrow, Warwick Fleury, Matt Mason, Dean Phipps, Gavin Brady and Nick Heron.

Coutts and Brad Butterworth replaced Davis and Barnes during the Louis Vuitton Cup finals.

### Swedish America's Cup Challenge

From the Stenungsbaden Yacht Club, the challenge was skippered by Gunnar Krantz.

## Round robin

| Team name | Races | Won | RR1 Pts. | RR2 Pts. | RR3 Pts. | Total Pts. | Ranking |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Nippon Challenge | 21 | 18 | 6 | 20 | 56 | **82** | 1 |
| New Zealand Challenge | 21 | 18 | 6 | 28 | 40 | **74** | 2 |
| Il Moro di Venezia | 21 | 16 | 5 | 24 | 40 | **69** | 3 |
| Le Defi Francais 95 | 21 | 14 | 5 | 16 | 40 | **61** | 4 |
| Desafio Español Copa America | 21 | 7 | 2 | 12 | 16 | **30** | 5 |
| Spirit of Australia | 21 | 7 | 3 | 8 | 16 | **27** | 6 |
| Swedish America's Cup Challenge | 21 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 8 | **13** | 7 |
| Australia Challenge | 21 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 8 | **8** | 8 |

During RR1 a team scored 1 point per win. During RR2 a team scored 4 points per win. During RR3 a team scored 8 points per win.

## Finals

### Semi finals

| Team name | Races | Won | Ranking |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| New Zealand Challenge | 9 | 7 | 1 |
| Il Moro di Venezia | 9 | 5 | 2 |
| Nippon Challenge | 9 | 3 | 3= |
| Le Defi Francais 95 | 9 | 3 | 3= |

### Final

| Team Name | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | T |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| New Zealand Challenge | W (1:32) | L | W (0:34) | W (2:26) | *W (2:38)\** | L | L | L | L | **3** |
| Il Moro di Venezia | L | W (0:01) | L | L | *L\** | W (0:43) | W (0:53) | W (0:20) | W (1:33) | **5** |

*Race removed from records after Il Moro di Venezia were successful in a protest over New Zealand's bowsprit.

## InfoBox

| **3rd Louis Vuitton Cup** | |
| --- | --- |
| **Date** | 25 January - 30 April 1992 |
| **Winner** | Il Moro di Venezia |
| **Location** | San Diego, United States |
|


title: Tubenose poacher

abstract: The tubenose poacher is a species of poacher native to the northern Pacific Ocean. This species occurs at depths of from 0 to 105 metres. This species grows to a length of 17 centimetres (6.7 in) TL. This species is the only known member of its genus.

text:
# Tubenose poacher

The **tubenose poacher** (***Pallasina barbata***) is a species of poacher native to the northern Pacific Ocean. This species occurs at depths of from 0 to 105 metres (0 to 344 ft). This species grows to a length of 17 centimetres (6.7 in) TL. This species is the only known member of its genus.

* Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "*Pallasina barbata*". *FishBase*. December 2012 version.

## InfoBox

| Tubenose poacher | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Scorpaeniformes |
| Family: | Agonidae |
| Subfamily: | Brachyopsinae |
| Genus: | *Pallasina*
Cramer, 1895 |
| Species: | ***P. barbata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pallasina barbata***
(Steindachner, 1876) | |
|


title: Smokovljani

abstract: Smokovljani is a village in Croatia.

text:
# Smokovljani

**Smokovljani** is a village in Croatia.

## Demographics

According to the 2021 census, its population was 49.

## InfoBox

| Smokovljani | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Smokovljani | |
| Coordinates: 42°52′07″N 17°43′14″E / 42.8685591°N 17.720468°E / 42.8685591; 17.720468 | |
| Country | Croatia |
| County | Dubrovnik-Neretva County |
| Municipality | Dubrovačko Primorje |
| Area | |
| Total | 5.9 sq mi (15.4 km2) |
| Population (2021) | |
| Total | 49 |
| Density | 8.2/sq mi (3.2/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: The Cross-Roads

abstract: The Cross-Roads is a 1912 silent short film drama directed by Frederick A. Thomson and produced by the Vitagraph Company of America. It starred George Cooper and Zena Keefe. It is preserved in the Library of Congress collection.

text:
# The Cross-Roads

***The Cross-Roads*** is a 1912 silent short film drama directed by Frederick A. Thomson and produced by the Vitagraph Company of America. It starred George Cooper and Zena Keefe.

It is preserved in the Library of Congress collection.

## Cast

## InfoBox

| The Cross-Roads | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Frederick A. Thomson |
| Produced by | Vitagraph Company of America |
| Starring | George Cooper<br>Zena Keefe |
| Distributed by | General Film Company |
| Release date | * August 7, 1912 (1912-08-07) |
| Running time | short; 1 reel |
| Country | USA |
| Language | silent..English titles |


title: Vic Stevenson

abstract: Victor Stevenson is a former professional Canadian football offensive lineman who played 17 seasons in the Canadian Football League (CFL) for five different teams. He was named CFL All-Star in 1992 and was a part of three Grey Cup championship teams: with the Saskatchewan Roughriders in 1989, with the British Columbia Lions in 1994 and with the Toronto Argonauts in 1996. Stevenson played college football at the University of Calgary. Currently, he is teaching at Winston Knoll Collegiate.

text:
# Vic Stevenson

**Victor Stevenson** (born September 22, 1960) is a former professional Canadian football offensive lineman who played 17 seasons in the Canadian Football League (CFL) for five different teams. He was named CFL All-Star in 1992 and was a part of three Grey Cup championship teams: with the Saskatchewan Roughriders in 1989, with the British Columbia Lions in 1994 and with the Toronto Argonauts in 1996. Stevenson played college football at the University of Calgary.

Currently, he is teaching at Winston Knoll Collegiate.

## InfoBox

Vic Stevenson
| Born: | (1960-09-22) September 22, 1960<br>New Westminster, British Columbia, Canada |
| --- | --- |
| Career information | |
| Status | Retired |
| CFL status | National |
| Position(s) | , OT |
| College | Calgary |
| CFL draft | 1981, round: 5, pick: 37 |
| Drafted by | Saskatchewan Roughriders |
| Career history | |
| As player | |
| 19821992 | Saskatchewan Roughriders |
| 19931995 | BC Lions |
| 1996 | Toronto Argonauts |
| 1997 | Edmonton Eskimos |
| 1998 | Montreal Alouettes |
| 1998 | Saskatchewan Roughriders |
|  | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
|  | |
| CFL All-Star | 1992 |
| CFL West All-Star | 1991, 1992 |


title: Museo de la Nación

abstract: The Museo de la Nación is one of two major museums of Peruvian history in Lima, Peru. It is much larger than the other main museum in Lima, the Peruvian National Museum of Archaeology, Anthropology, and History. Currently it is no longer being used as a museum, carrying only very sporadic exhibitions. The Museum of the Nation housed thousands of artifacts spanning the entire span of human occupation in Peru, including an impressive collection of Moche, Nazca, and Wari ceramics. The museum also houses reproductions of many famous ancient Andean artifacts, most notably the Lanzón from Chavín de Huantar ; a recreation of the burial chamber of the Lord of Sipan; and the famous Revolt of the Objects Mural. However it is closed and being treated as the office of the Ministry of Culture. The only permanent exhibit that remains open is on the 6th floor of the museum which houses the photographic exhibit Yuyanapaq. Para Recordar. This exhibit was created by the Truth and Reconciliation Commission to document the internal conflict in Peru that occurred from 1980 to 2000 involving the Shining Path. The museum hosted the wake of former president Alberto Fujimori in September 2024.

text:
# Museo de la Nación

The **Museo de la Nación** (English: *Museum of the Nation*) is one of two major museums of Peruvian history in Lima, Peru. It is much larger than the other main museum in Lima, the Peruvian National Museum of Archaeology, Anthropology, and History. Currently it is no longer being used as a museum, carrying only very sporadic exhibitions.

The Museum of the Nation housed thousands of artifacts spanning the entire span of human occupation in Peru, including an impressive collection of Moche, Nazca, and Wari ceramics. The museum also houses reproductions of many famous ancient Andean artifacts, most notably the Lanzón from Chavín de Huantar ; a recreation of the burial chamber of the Lord of Sipan; and the famous Revolt of the Objects Mural. However it is closed and being treated as the office of the Ministry of Culture.

The only permanent exhibit that remains open is on the 6th floor of the museum which houses the photographic exhibit *Yuyanapaq. Para Recordar.* This exhibit was created by the Truth and Reconciliation Commission to document the internal conflict in Peru that occurred from 1980 to 2000 involving the Shining Path.

The museum hosted the wake of former president Alberto Fujimori in September 2024.

12°05′12″S 77°00′07″W / 12.0868°S 77.0019°W / -12.0868; -77.0019

## InfoBox

Museo de la Nación
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | Lima, Peru |


title: Écoles gratuites de dessin

abstract: The Écoles gratuites de dessin were several art schools founded in eighteenth-century France, notably the École Royale Gratuite de Dessin in Paris. Around sixty independent Écoles gratuites de dessin were established in France during the eighteenth century Age of Enlightenment. They provided drawing lessons to the general public, including to apprentices whose craft required the ability to draw. The schools were mostly established in provincial France between 1750 and 1792. In 1777, a royal declaration subjected the schools to the authority of the Académie Royale, but this did not hinder their development. The schools varied in size from single-teacher schools with a few dozen students to those in Bordeaux and Marseille which had more than twelve teachers and several hundred students. The Paris school of Jean-Jacques Bachelier may have had up to 1,500 students. Some of the schools taught painting and sculpture as well as drawing.

text:
# Écoles gratuites de dessin

The ***Écoles gratuites de dessin*** (French for *free drawing schools*) were several art schools founded in eighteenth-century France, notably the ***École Royale Gratuite de Dessin*** in Paris.

Around sixty independent *Écoles gratuites de dessin* were established in France during the eighteenth century Age of Enlightenment. They provided drawing lessons to the general public, including to apprentices whose craft required the ability to draw. The schools were mostly established in provincial France between 1750 and 1792. In 1777, a royal declaration subjected the schools to the authority of the Académie Royale, but this did not hinder their development.

The schools varied in size from single-teacher schools with a few dozen students to those in Bordeaux and Marseille which had more than twelve teachers and several hundred students. The Paris school of Jean-Jacques Bachelier may have had up to 1,500 students. Some of the schools taught painting and sculpture as well as drawing.

## École Royale Gratuite de Dessin

The *École Royale Gratuite de Dessin* (Royal Free Drawing School), also known as the *École Gratuite de Dessin* or the *Petite École*, was founded in 1766 by Jean-Jacques Bachelier, and confirmed in 1767 by letters patent from Louis XV of France. After several changes of name, in 1877 the school became the *École Nationale des Arts Décoratifs* (National School of Decorative Arts) before taking its present name of *École Nationale Supérieure des Arts Décoratifs* (ENSAD, Higher National School of Decorative Arts) in 1927.


title: Ngäbe-Buglé Comarca

abstract: Ngäbe-Buglé is the largest and most populous of Panama's five comarcas indígenas. It was created in 1997 from lands formerly belonging to the provinces of Bocas del Toro, Chiriquí, and Veraguas. The capital is known as Buäbiti in Guaymí and Llano Tugrí in Spanish.

text:
# Ngäbe-Buglé Comarca

**Ngäbe-Buglé** (Spanish: \[ˈŋɡoβe βuˈɣle\]) is the largest and most populous of Panama's five *comarcas indígenas*. It was created in 1997 from lands formerly belonging to the provinces of Bocas del Toro, Chiriquí, and Veraguas. The capital is known as Buäbiti in Guaymí and Llano Tugrí in Spanish.

## Administrative divisions

Ngäbe-Buglé Comarca is sub-divided into 3 sub-regions, 9 districts and 70 *corregimientos:*

| District | *Corregimientos* (Subdivisions) | *Cabecera* (Seat) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Ño Kribo** | | |
| **Kankintú District** | Bisira, Kankintú, Guoroní, Mününí, Piedra Roja, Calante , Tolote | Bisira |
| **Kusapín District** | Kusapín, Bahía Azul, Cañaveral , Río Chiriquí, Tobobé | Kusapín |
| **Jirondai District** | Samboa, Büri, Guariviara, Man Creek, Tuwai | Samboa |
| **Santa Catalina o Calovébora District** | Bledeshia, Alto Bilingüe, Loma Yuca, San Pedrito, Valle Bonito | Santa Catalina o Calovébora (Bledeshia) |
| **Nidrini** | | |
| **Besikó District** | Soloy, Boca de Balsa, Cerro Banco, Cerro de Patena, Camarón Arriba, Emplanada de Chorcha, Nämnoní, Niba | Soloy |
| **Mironó District** | Hato Pilón, Cascabel, Hato Corotú, Hato Culantro, Hato Jobo, Hato Julí, Quebrada de Loro, Salto Dupí | Hato Pilón |
| **Nole Duima District** | Cerro Iglesias, Lajero, Hato Chamí, Susama, Jädaberi | Cerro Iglesias |
| **Kädridri** | | |
| **Müna District** | Chichica, Alto Caballero, Bagama , Cerro Caña, Cerro Puerco, Krüa, Maraca, Nibra, Peña Blanca, Roka, Sitio Prado, Umaní, Diko, Kikari, Dikeri, Mreeni | Chichica |
| **Ñürüm District** | Buenos Aires, Agua de Salud, Alto de Jesús, Cerro Pelado, El Bale, El Paredón, El Piro, Guayabito, Güibale, El Peñón, El Piro Nº2 | Buenos Aires |

## History

Starting in 1972, the Panamanian government was required to establish comarcas, demarcated regions in which indigenous groups possess exclusive land rights and considerable administrative autonomy. Within comarcas, people elect a General assembly, governor, and any number of regional and local leaders, although the government still controls public expenditure and tax revenues within the territory. The comarca Ngäbe-Buglé, located in north western Panama, was formed in 1997 both as a latent result of government promise and of considerable political pressure from the Ngäbe-Buglé, united by threats of natural resource exploitation and environmental degradation on their ancestral lands. The territory is made up of land previously belonging to the provinces of Bocas del Toro, Chiriquí, and Veraguas, and divided into seven districts (listed above with capitals); the capital of the entire comarca is Büäbti, located in the Müna district. As the Ngäbe-Buglé population tends to identify more with their communities than with an ethnicity and is distributed rather unevenly, the political organization that prompted the formation of their comarca is fairly unusual, but nonetheless demonstrates a powerful capacity to influence government actions.

## Physical geography and climate

Ngäbe-Buglé comarca is characterized by mountainous terrain, steep slopes and generally nutrient poor soil with high rock content, all characteristics that make farming difficult. On the Caribbean slope there is no dry season and tropical forest dominates the landscape; on the Pacific slope there is a windy dry season (December to April) and a wet season. As a result of greater seasonal variation, there are more localized geographies on the Pacific slope and vegetation consists of grasses mixed with tropical forest cover. Small perennial streams and larger rivers run on both sides of the continental divide and are used for bathing, laundry, and drinking. In the region most travel is done on foot or horseback as there are few year-round access roads leading into the comarca (the first ever starting out as a mine access road that runs up to Buäbti and continues to Escopeta, the location of the Cerro Colorado mine) from San Felix, a city connected to the interamericana highway via Las Cruces.

## Cultural groups

Although closely associated and collectively referred to as the Guaymí, the Ngäbe and Buglé are two separate linguistic/indigenous groups whose languages are mutually unintelligible. The larger group, the Ngäbe, speak Ngäbere, while the smaller group, the Buglé, speak Buglére; both are members of the Chibchan language family. Collectively, these two groups make up the largest indigenous population in Panama. Note the difference in spelling of Ngäbe and Ngöbe; the two variations depend on local dialects. The vowel low-back-rounded sound indicated by ä does not exist in Spanish and is confused with "o". (Since newspapers know the vowel should have a dieresis on it they often misspell it as "ö".) The sound represented by "ä" is virtually similar to the sound "aw" in the word "saw". The spelling Ngäbe, used here, is the more widely spread (/correct) spelling in Ngäbere.

## Daily life

The Guaymí generally live in houses supported by sticks with a grass or zinc roof and dirt floor, wealthier families may have a cement floor. In each house a platform under the roof is used for food storage and there are a number of raised bed platforms.

Chácaras (called *kra* in Ngäbere), are sturdy bags made from plant fibers. They are used both as storage units and to transport materials. Occasionally you can even see infants being transported in a chácara. Some women also make these bags to sell so they may participate in the informal economy.

Families have a few large cooking pots called *pailas* and many keep chicha, a corn drink, in the house.

Guaymí men typically wear homemade multi-colored pants, straw hats and rubber boots, while women wear full bright colored dresses with shoulder and neckline adornments (*nagua*) and embroidered bands around the waist and bottom. Women generally do not wear shoes. These items are usually made at home with hand crank sewing machines and, like chácaras, sold for extra income.

The filing of teeth to a point using a machete sharpener is not uncommon among Guaymí men and women, although the practice is generally carried out in more traditional areas.

Families are usually rather large and often groups of women live close together so they can assist each other when caring for children. Polygamy was once common among the Ngäbe-Buglé as the number of wives and children a man has signifies prestige. It is no longer common since supporting multiple wives and large families is increasingly difficult.

Social capital and reciprocity networks formed through a kinship system are important for reducing economic and social resource vulnerability while creating opportunity for families to cooperate and take advantage of more opportunities that will help them and other members of their kinship group get by. Marriage and kinship relations also play a large part in determining land ownership and use rights.

## Land use

As the Ngäbe-Buglé typically practice subsistence agriculture, definitions of land ownership and use are of pinnacle importance to every household, especially as population increases in proportion to arable land in the comarca and productive land is degraded by excessive use. The intricate system on which land resources are allocated is based on the kinship system. Ownership rights to unclaimed land are established through occupation and farming, although very little fertile land in the comarca remains unclaimed. Members of a kinship group collectively own land, but those who live in the village on the land control it. Undeniable rights to this collectively owned land belong to each member of the kinship group, while borrowed rights are often extended to the members of a spouses family, although these rights can be revoked. In this way, social organization shapes the pattern of economic life and livelihood for most Guaymí. The most common crops grown in the comarca Ngäbe-Buglé (Ngobeland) are corn, rice, beans, otoe, bananas, and coffee although people also grow tomatoes, peppers and other vegetables in smaller gardens at home. Fruits such as mangos, oranges, nance, grow seasonally along with cacao, all of which supplement the Guaymí diet. Meat is rarely eaten although many families keep cows, pigs, ducks, and chickens (mostly egg laying); sardines are a common staple and hojaldras (fried Panamanian bread) are sometimes eaten for breakfast. Most farming is done on land cleared using slash and burn techniques, and due to growing population pressures, this land is rarely left fallow for sufficient time, so crop yields tend to decrease over time.

## Economy and resources

As subsistence agriculture becomes less and less reliable, the Guaymí people have started to participate in the cash economy, which provides some relatively accessible alternatives for generating capital and obtaining necessary amenities and resources. Labor is one abundant resource the Guaymí possess, although due to poor education and low human capital including health and nutrition, the labor force is rather unskilled. As a result, many men serve as migrant agricultural workers or leave the comarca to seek other types of informal jobs. 2008. Many men work during the coffee harvest in the Chiriqui Highlands including Boquete and Santa Clara. This region of Panama is known for high quality shade-grown, and in some cases, organic coffee. The Guaymí also harvest seasonal vegetables grown at higher altitudes. Women also participate in the informal economy by making chacaras, naguas and jewelry to sell, and some men sew pants or weave hats to do the same. Social capital is again salient to participation in the informal economy as relationships provide people with new opportunities to make money; social capital can even be a mechanism used to attract help from both governmental and non-governmental organizations.

## Adversity and modernity

The Ngäbe-Buglé experience much adversity as a result of contemporary conditions. As localized problems of land and crop shortage grow into a more generalized issue, and it becomes more difficult to generate capital in a shrinking labor market, malnutrition is prevalent, especially in children and expecting mothers. Attempts to generate capital by becoming a migrant worker also have negative social effects including added strains on family structure and increased pressure on women to provide for their children alone. The dispersed nature of the population also makes existing medical care hard to access, and a general lack of potable water and sanitation services cause a myriad of health problems. Lack of sufficient infrastructure and under provision of social services by the government is often the root of many problems that plague the most rural areas.

Prevalence of poor Spanish skills is also an issue as Guaymí people are often unaware of legal rights and hence either fail to communicate complaints or to use the paths of legal recourse available to them when it would be beneficial to do so. This condition especially affects women because far fewer of them speak Spanish than men. Levels of secondary education are also low in the comarca Ngäbe-Buglé as children are financially limited and transportation to secondary schooling presents a great challenge for many families. As a result, only ~18% of children ages 15–19 in the comarca Ngöbe-Buglé have schooling beyond the sixth grade.

Finally, many Guaymí communities are threatened by environmental degradation caused by both farming and government or corporate exploitation of their land. The Cerro Colorado copper deposit, one of the world's largest deposits of copper ore is located in the comarca Ngäbe-Buglé. Mining in the area, although it is legal because the property rights of subsurface resources belong to the state, poses a great environmental threat as waste materials from extraction and processing pollute local watersheds. Although they may provide temporary income, mining endeavors also have many adverse social and cultural effects in the comarca and most natives are opposed to mineral exploitation on their lands.

* Aguilar, Renato, and Guillermo García-Huidobro. "Panama: Indigenous Peoples". Santiago-Gothenburg: January 2001. Retrieved on 2010-02-16.
* Gjording, Chris N. (1981). *The Cerro Colorado Copper Project and the Guyamí Indians of Panama*. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Cultural Survival.
* Young, Philip D. (1971). *Ngawbe: Tradition and Change Among the Western Guyamí of Panama*. Chicago: The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois.

8°46′11″N 81°44′02″W / 8.76972°N 81.73389°W / 8.76972; -81.73389

## InfoBox

| Ngäbe-Buglé Comarca Comarca Ngäbe-Buglé
Kätärä Teri Ngäbe Bugle | |
| --- | --- |
| *Comarca indígena* | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Established | 1997 |
| Capital | Llano Tugrí |
| Subdivisions | 9 Districts * Besiko * Jirondai * Kankintú * Kusapín * Mirono * Münä * Nole Duima * Ñürün * Bledeshia |
| Government | |
| Body | Tribal Council |
| Cacique | Silvia Carrera |
| Area | |
| Total | 6,968 km2 (2,690 sq mi) |
| Population (2023 census) | |
| Total | 212,084 |
| Density | 30/km2 (79/sq mi) |
| GDP (PPP, constant 2015 values) | |
| Year | 2023 |
| Total | $700 million |
| Per capita | $3,200 |
| Time zone | UTC-5 |
| ISO 3166 code | PA-NB |
| HDI (2017) | 0.560
medium |


abstract: Girls' Generation's Horror Movie Factory, commonly abbreviated to "H.M.F", is an MBC variety TV show starring the South Korean girl group Girls' Generation. The members undergo various acting lessons and tests. The show started out with horror settings, but after a few episodes became more bright and cheerful.

text:
# Girls' Generation's Horror Movie Factory

***Girls' Generation's Horror Movie Factory*** (Korean: 소녀시대의 공포영화 제작소), commonly abbreviated to "H.M.F", is an MBC variety TV show starring the South Korean girl group Girls' Generation. The members (excluding Yoona who was not present during filming due to filming of her drama Cinderella Man) undergo various acting lessons and tests. The show started out with horror settings, but after a few episodes became more bright and cheerful.

## Background

After the cancellation of the show *Dae-mang* (대망), Horror Movie Factory was introduced as MBC's new *Sunday Sunday Night* program alongside *Quiz Prince* (퀴즈프린스) in early May. A press conference was held at the *MBC Dream Center* in Ilsan, Gyeonggi Province to announce the new show. The show revolves around the members of Girls' Generation going through acting exercises and games under the instruction of comedians Kim Shin-young, Jo Hye-Ryun and Yoo Se-yoon, who are the 3 MCs on the show. The first 3 episodes revolve around the members in a haunted-school horror film-like acting test, while the last 3 show the members receiving direct instruction from actor Lee Bumsoo. The show premiered on May 3, 2009.

## Episodes

| Episode | Broadcast Date | Episode Summary |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 01 | May 3, 2009 | The other group members set up a hidden-camera prank to trick Taeyeon. Tiffany, Jessica, Seohyun and Sunny are sent on a mission in the garden of a supposed 'haunted house' and run back screaming, having rehearsed earlier. Taeyeon, Sooyoung, Hyoyeon and Yuri as well as a well-known spiritual expert enter the haunted house, where Yuri proceeds to act as if she is possessed by the ghost of a young child. Taeyeon is made to participate in several rituals that will 'exorcise' the ghost. |
| 02 | May 10, 2009 | The girls and MCs meet up at the set at a school building and pair up to have pillow fights, as an emotion exercise. The first pair are Taeyeon and Sunny who fight over their height. Tiffany and Seohyun are the second pair; Tiffany goads Seohyun but fails to make her angry. Sooyoung, Seohyun and Taeyeon then do weather forecasts while portraying different emotions or characters. Tiffany and Jessica are sent to do a horror acting test in a science lab, while Taeyeon and Sunny, then Sooyoung and Seohyun undergo horror tests in the arts classroom. |
| 03 | May 17, 2009 | The girls split into two groups and compete by trying to make their opposition laugh by making funny expressions. They then practice their character immersion and improvisation skills by acting out several scenarios. Taeyeon, Sunny and Sooyoung then separately act out scenarios in a haunted school infirmary setting; Sooyoung is selected by the MCs as the best performer of the night. |
| 04 | May 31, 2009 | Lee Bumsoo joins the show. He sits unseen in the bus as the Girls' Generation members are driven to the filming location and talk about him. The girls go to a supermarket where they choose gifts to buy for Lee Bumsoo, splitting into a short group and tall group. The haunted school setting from the previous episodes is replaced with an outdoor setting at a park and a bright indoor set. Several members then have one on one acting lessons with the actor. |
| 05 | June 7, 2009 | The Girls' Generation members have an outdoor game session, competing in several ways such as limbo and doing the splits. Several members have one on one acting lessons with Lee Bumsoo, acting out different scenarios. Lee Bumsoo chooses Hyoyeon as the Top Actress of the day. |
| 06 | June 14, 2009 | The members have a ssireum (Korean wrestling) match, play a modified version of American football and fight while wearing large body-suits. The members then have to re-enact a scenes from movies or dramas while under different circumstances or interpreted in different ways. Lee Bumsoo chooses Sunny as best performer of the 5 winners. |

## Ratings

Despite the popularity of Girls' Generation, the show was unable to raise the ratings of MBC's Sunday Sunday Night segment, and was canceled after 6 episodes for receiving low viewership. The premiere episode had ratings of 3.3%. The show was then replaced with another show starring Girls' Generation titled *Himnae-ra-him!/Cheer Up!*

## InfoBox

| *Girls' Generation's Horror Movie Factory* | |
| --- | --- |
| Genre | Variety |
| Developed by | MBC |
| Presented by | MBC |
| Starring | Girls' Generation
Kim Shin-young
Jo Hye-ryun
Yoo Se-yoon |
| Country of origin | South Korea |
| Original language | Korean |
| No. of episodes | 6 |
| Production | |
| Production locations | Seoul, South Korea |
| Camera setup | Multi-camera |
| Running time | 50 minutes |
| Original release | |
| Release | May 3 (2008-05-03)
June 14, 2008 (2008-06-14) |


title: Luna Park (miniseries)

abstract: Luna Park is a 2021 Italian drama television miniseries created and written by Isabella Aguilar. It was released on Netflix on 30 September 2021.

text:
# Luna Park (miniseries)

***Luna Park*** is a 2021 Italian drama television miniseries created and written by Isabella Aguilar. It was released on Netflix on 30 September 2021.

## Premise

At an amusement park in Rome in 1962, fate brings together two young girls. Nora is a fortune teller who belongs to a circus family and Rosa was born into a wealthy and well-to-do family. Although the girls come from two vastly different walks of life, they soon discover that their past is intertwined.

## Cast

## Episodes

| No. | Title | Duration | Original release date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | "Butterfly"
(Farfalla) | 54 min | 30 September 2021 (2021-09-30) |
| 2 | "Mocambo" | 50 min | 30 September 2021 (2021-09-30) |
| 3 | "Photographs"
(Fotografie) | 51 min | 30 September 2021 (2021-09-30) |
| 4 | "Stella" | 44 min | 30 September 2021 (2021-09-30) |
| 5 | "Blow-up" | 49 min | 30 September 2021 (2021-09-30) |
| 6 | "Flying"
(Volare) | 49 min | 30 September 2021 (2021-09-30) |

## Production

Principal photography began in October 2020. The series was filmed in various areas around Rome, including Prati, Torvaianica, and Ostia.

## InfoBox

| *Luna Park* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Genre | Drama |
| Created by | Isabella Aguilar |
| Written by | Isabella Aguilar |
| Directed by |  |
| Starring |  |
| Composers | * Michele Braga * Emanuele Bossi |
| Country of origin | Italy |
| Original language | Italian |
| No. of episodes | 6 |
| Production | |
| Executive producer | Ivan Fiorini |
| Cinematography | Valerio Azzali |
| Editors | * Patrizio Marone * Ilaria Fraioli |
| Running time | 44–54 minutes |
| Production company | Fandango |
| Original release | |
| Network | Netflix |
| Release | 30 September 2021 (2021-09-30) |


title: Čečina, Ivanjica

abstract: Čečina is a village in the municipality of Ivanjica, Serbia. According to the 2011 census, the village has a population of 190 inhabitants.

text:
# Čečina, Ivanjica

**Čečina** is a village in the municipality of Ivanjica, Serbia. According to the 2011 census, the village has a population of 190 inhabitants.

43°25′N 20°23′E / 43.417°N 20.383°E / 43.417; 20.383

## InfoBox

| Čečina Чечина | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Čečina | |
| Coordinates: 43°25′N 20°23′E / 43.417°N 20.383°E / 43.417; 20.383 | |
| Country | Serbia |
| District | Moravica District |
| Municipality | Ivanjica |
| Area | |
| Total | 20.93 km2 (8.08 sq mi) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 190 |
| Density | 9.1/km2 (24/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: The Broker's Man

abstract: The Broker's Man is a BBC British television drama series centred on the work of Jimmy Griffin, an ex-detective who applies his skills as a fraud investigator for an insurance company. Produced by Bentley Productions for BBC One, the series starred Kevin Whately as Griffin and ran for two series from 17 June 1997 to 27 August 1998. The series was filmed in the intermittent years of Whately's portrayal of Inspector Lewis in both Inspector Morse and Lewis. The complete series was released on DVD by Acorn Media UK on 4 February 2008. Each episode was a self-contained 90-minute story.

text:
# The Broker's Man

***The Broker's Man***  is a BBC British television drama series centred on the work of Jimmy Griffin, an ex-detective who applies his skills as a fraud investigator for an insurance company. Produced by Bentley Productions for BBC One, the series starred Kevin Whately as Griffin and ran for two series from 17 June 1997 to 27 August 1998. The series was filmed in the intermittent years of Whately's portrayal of Inspector Lewis in both *Inspector Morse* and *Lewis*. The complete series was released on DVD by Acorn Media UK on 4 February 2008. Each episode was a self-contained 90-minute story.

## Cast

## Episode list

### Series overview

| Series | Episodes | | Originally aired | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | First aired | Last aired |
|  | 6 | | 17 June 1997 (1997-06-17) | 22 July 1997 (1997-07-22) |
|  | 6 | | 23 July 1998 (1998-07-23) | 27 August 1998 (1998-08-27) |

### Series 1 (1997)

| Episode | Title | Written by | Directed by | Viewers
(millions) | Original airdate |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | "Double Dutch - Part 1" | Al Hunter Ashton & Tim O'Mara | Bob Blagden | TBA | 17 June 1997 (1997-06-17) |
| When a shipping container worth millions is stolen, Jimmy Griffin is put on the case to investigate a possible insurance fraud. | | | | | | |
| 2 | "Double Dutch - Part 2" | Al Hunter Ashton & Tim O'Mara | Bob Blagden | TBA | 24 June 1997 (1997-06-24) |
| A ruthless Dutch crime ring demands payment, and a string of murders follow. Meanwhile, Jimmy risks all to uncover the scam. | | | | | | |
| 3 | "Dangerous Bends - Part 1" | Al Hunter Ashton & Tim O'Mara | Roger Gartland | TBA | 1 July 1997 (1997-07-01) |
| Jimmy takes on two cases: a motorcycle and car collision, which left one driver dead and the other hurt, and a water treatment malfunction case. | | | | | | |
| 4 | "Dangerous Bends - Part 2" | Al Hunter Ashton & Tim O'Mara | Roger Gartland | TBA | 8 July 1997 (1997-07-08) |
| As Jimmy and his staff seek the truth, the two cases begin to intertwine in a dangerous fashion. | | | | | | |
| 5 | "Siege - Part 1" | Al Hunter Ashton & Tim O'Mara | Roger Gartland | TBA | 15 July 1997 (1997-07-15) |
| As things are improving with Sally, Jimmy joins his family on holiday. Meanwhile, he also accepts a case involving the theft of some firearms. | | | | | | |
| 6 | "Siege - Part 2" | Al Hunter Ashton & Tim O'Mara | Roger Gartland | TBA | 22 July 1997 (1997-07-22) |
| Hiding the assignment from his family becomes tricky for Jimmy as the volatile man at the centre of the mystery comes looking for him. | | | | | | |

### Series 2 (1998)

| Episode | Title | Written by | Directed by | Viewers
(millions) | Original airdate |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | "Pensioned Off" | Dusty Hughes | Moira Armstrong | 7.58 | 23 July 1998 (1998-07-23) |
| When a female police officer falls down the stairs at her station, she files a claim for sexual harassment, and Jimmy and his staff investigate. | | | | | | |
| 2 | "Horses for Courses" | Robin Mukherjee | Moira Armstrong | 7.19 | 30 July 1998 (1998-07-30) |
| Jodie goes to a rave with her boyfriend without her parents' permission. but she is found out after the club catches fire. Jimmy has doubts about how the inferno started, especially once he finds out who owns the club. | | | | | | |
| 3 | "Playback" | James Robson | Graeme Harper | 7.03 | 6 August 1998 (1998-08-06) |
| Two kids vanish, their bodies never found, after a boating accident. Months later, their parents are engaged in a public battle to combat the paltry sum they've been offered as compensation. | | | | | | |
| 4 | "Kith and Kin" | Ron Rose | Graeme Harper | 7.09 | 13 August 1998 (1998-08-13) |
| When Jimmy is sent out to exchange the ransom for some stolen military memorabilia, he enters the world of a Nazi sympathizer. Jimmy's office staff suffer a terrible beating at the hands of skin heads. | | | | | | |
| 5 | "Keyman" | Al Hunter Ashton & Tim O'Mara | Baz Taylor | 7.88 | 20 August 1998 (1998-08-20) |
| A board member of a construction conglomerate is shot dead in a brothel. Godzilla hires Jimmy to investigate a keyman insurance policy taken out on the dead man, which would pay ten million pounds to the construction company. | | | | | | |
| 6 | "Swansong" | James Robson | Baz Taylor | 7.04 | 27 August 1998 (1998-08-27) |
| When Jimmy's home is ransacked by neighbourhood thieves, he finds himself on the other end of the insurance game. Meanwhile, he's tasked with investigating an aging nightclub singer whose husband dies in a mysterious car crash. | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| *The Broker's Man* | |
| --- | --- |
| Genre | Crime drama |
| Created by | * Al Hunter Ashton * Tim O'Mara |
| Written by | * Al Hunter Ashton * Tim O'Mara * James Robson |
| Directed by | * Roger Gartland * Bob Blagden * Moira Armstrong * Graeme Harper * Baz Taylor |
| Starring |  |
| Country of origin | * United Kingdom |
| Original language | * English |
| No. of series | 2 |
| No. of episodes | 12 (list of episodes) |
| Production | |
| Executive producers | * Brian True-May * Jo Wright * Patricia Greenland |
| Producers | * Adrian Bate * Carol Wilks |
| Production location | * United Kingdom |
| Running time | 60 minutes |
| Production company | * Bentley Productions |
| Original release | |
| Network |  |
| Release | 17 June 1997 (1997-06-17)
27 August 1998 (1998-08-27) |


title: Vesta Varro

abstract: 'Vesta Varro were an Alternative Rock from Limerick, Ireland.

text:
# Vesta Varro

'*Vesta Varro*  were an Alternative Rock from Limerick, Ireland.

## Members

Damien Drea, Peter Forde, Keith Forde, Rod Smith, Shane Lee

## Background

The band released three singles, Blue Mirror Boy (2006) which was produced by Crowded House bass player Nick Seymour, Pyramid Clocks (2007) and Weighted Love (2007). Blue Mirror Boy reached number 33 and Pyramid Clocks reached number 36 on the Official Irish Charts. Their album *Exit Here*, which was recorded in Windmill Lane Studios in Dublin and produced by Richard Rainey, was released in June 2007 on Eavesdrop Music. The band toured in Ireland, the UK and North America and shared a stage with the likes of Editors, The Wonderstuff, Sultans of Ping and Ocean Colour Scene. They were named as 'Best Band' at the prestigious 'Indie Week' festival in Toronto, the 'Best New Musical Artist' at the MAMCA awards and "ones to watch" by the NME. The band's songs appeared on various compilation albums in the US, Australia, Germany, Canada and Ireland. Four of their songs were licensed to the American TV Network CBS. The band broke up in 2009.

## Indie Week Connection

In 2007 over 100 bands travelled to Toronto, Ontario to take part in a week-long music festival called Indie Week. The first and only Irish band to make the trip were Vesta Varro. The Limerick five piece took Toronto by storm and won the festival. They returned to Canada four times the following year to play sell out shows across Toronto while their debut album 'Exit Here' peaked at number 3 on the college radio chart and their music videos were put on heavy rotation on Canada's biggest music station MUCH Music. All this attention sparked an interest in Irish bands applying to the festival the following year. The band became good friends with Indie Week founder and director Darryl Hurs and between them they set up INDIE WEEK Ireland in 2008.

## Reforming

The band reformed for a once off gig in Dolans Warehouse Limerick on April 26, 2014.

## Releases

Blue Mirror Boy (Single – 2006) IRE #33
Pyramid Clocks (Single – 2007) IRE #36
Weighted Love (Single – 2007)
Exit Here (Album – 2007)

## Exit Here - Track Listing

```
  1.  Reaching Out
  2.  Coming Back
  3.  Pyramid Clocks
  4.  Weighted Love
  5.  I Agree
  6.  Yellow Rooms
  7.  Babies
  8.  Blue Mirror Boy
  9.  New Born Child
  10. Believe
```


title: Mussurana (genus)

abstract: Mussurana is a genus of snakes in the family Colubridae. The genus is endemic to South America.

text:
# Mussurana (genus)

***Mussurana*** is a genus of snakes in the family Colubridae. The genus is endemic to South America.

## Species and geographic ranges

The genus *Mussurana* contains the following species which are recognized as being valid.

*Nota bene*: A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than *Mussurana*.

## Etymology

The specific name, *quimi*, is in honor of Brazilian herpetologist Joaquim "Quim" Cavalheiro of the *Instituto Butantan*.

## Further reading

* Zaher, Hussam; Grazziotin, Felipe Gobbi; Cadle, John E.; Murphy, Robert W.; de Moura-Leite, Julio Cesar; Bonatto, Sandro L. (2009). "Molecular phylogeny of advanced snakes (Serpentes, Caenophidia) with an emphasis on South American Xenodontines: a revised classification and descriptions of new taxa". *Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia* **49** (11): 115–153. (*Mussurana*, new genus). (in English, with abstracts in English and Portuguese).

## InfoBox

| *Mussurana* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Mussurana Quimi | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Suborder: | Serpentes |
| Family: | Colubridae |
| Subfamily: | Dipsadinae |
| Genus: | *Mussurana*<br>Zaher, Grazziotin, Cadle, Murphy, de Moura-Leite & Bonatto, 2009 |
|


title: North Manchester RUFC

abstract: North Manchester Rugby Club is an amateur sports club situated 5 miles north of the center of Manchester. It is the only rugby union club within the city of Manchester, north of the center. Established originally in 1921 in Prestwich as Prestwich Rugby Union Football Club, the club moved to Rhodes Cricket Club in 1951 and changed its name to Prestwich & Middleton Rugby Union Football Club. A further move in 1985, this time to the current ground Tudor Lodge in Moston saw the club rename again, this time to North Manchester RUFC. In 1991 the club merged with the struggling Oldham Colleges Rugby Union Football Club, maintaining the name of North Manchester.

text:
# North Manchester RUFC

**North Manchester Rugby Club** (aka North Manchester RUFC) is an amateur sports club situated 5 miles north of the center of Manchester. It is the only rugby union club within the city of Manchester, north of the center.

Established originally in 1921 in Prestwich as Prestwich Rugby Union Football Club, the club moved to Rhodes Cricket Club in 1951 and changed its name to Prestwich & Middleton Rugby Union Football Club.

A further move in 1985, this time to the current ground Tudor Lodge in Moston saw the club rename again, this time to North Manchester RUFC. In 1991 the club merged with the struggling Oldham Colleges Rugby Union Football Club, maintaining the name of North Manchester.

## Club Honours

## Club Kit

1st XV Kit
| **Period** | **Brand** | **Main Shirt Sponsor (Front)** |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1921/2017 | No Brand | Varied |
| 2017/18 | No Brand | LACA Transport |
| 2018/19 | No Brand | LACA Transport |
| 2019/20 | Teejac | Search |
| 2020/21 | Teejac | Greengate Metals |
| 2021/22 | Teejac | Greengate Metals |
| 2022/23 | Teejac | Greengate Metals |
| 2023/24 | Teejac | Greengate Metals |
| 2024/25 | O'Neills | BDSS LTD Traffic Management Services |

## Season Summaries

1st XV
| League | League Position | P | W | D | L | PF | PA | +/- | TB | LB | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1998/1999 North Lancashire Division 2 | 3 | 12 | 9 | 0 | 3 | 307 | 139 | 168 | 0 | 0 | 14 |
| 1999/2000 North Lancashire Division 2 | 2 | 12 | 9 | 0 | 3 | 342 | 108 | 234 | 0 | 0 | 18 |
| 2000/2001 North Lancashire Division 2 | 5 | 15 | 8 | 1 | 6 | 289 | 250 | 39 | 0 | 0 | 17 |
| 2001/2002 North Lancashire Division 2 | 9 | 18 | 4 | 0 | 14 | 170 | 457 | -287 | 0 | 0 | 8 |
| 2002/2003 North Lancashire Division 2 | 5 | 14 | 6 | 0 | 8 | 214 | 364 | -150 | 0 | 0 | 12 |
| 2007/2008 North Lancashire Division 2 | 6 | 19 | 6 | 1 | 12 | 289 | 335 | -46 | 0 | 0 | 11 |
| 2008/2009 North Lancashire Division 2 | 6 | 17 | 9 | 0 | 8 | 321 | 351 | -30 | 0 | 0 | 18 |
| 2009/2010 North Lancashire Division 2 | 6 | 19 | 10 | 0 | 9 | 420 | 347 | 73 | 0 | 0 | 20 |
| 2010/2011 North Lancashire Division 2 | 2 | 20 | 15 | 0 | 5 | 597 | 255 | 342 | 12 | 3 | 75 |
| 2011/2012 North Lancashire Division 1 | 11 | 26 | 9 | 2 | 15 | 359 | 572 | -213 | 1 | 3 | 44 |
| 2012/2013 North Lancashire Division 1 | 11 | 21 | 4 | 0 | 17 | 211 | 767 | -556 | 1 | 2 | 4 |
| 2013/2014 Lancashire Division 2 | 1 | 21 | 20 | 1 | 0 | 756 | 154 | 602 | 15 | 0 | 97 |
| 2014/2015 North Lancashire Division 1 | 10 | 20 | 3 | 0 | 17 | 171 | 711 | -540 | 2 | 0 | 14 |
| 2015/2016 Lancashire (North) | 11 | 26 | 6 | 0 | 20 | 230 | 1010 | -780 | 2 | 3 | 20 |
| 2016/2017 Lancashire (North) | 9 | 20 | 7 | 0 | 13 | 361 | 509 | -148 | 6 | 6 | 30 |
| 2017/2018 Lancs/Cheshire Division Three (North) | 6 | 13 | 6 | 0 | 7 | 193 | 315 | -122 | 2 | 3 | 29 |
| 2017/2018 Lancs/Cheshire Division Three (League Cup) | 7 | 7 | 3 | 0 | 4 | 172 | 137 | 35 | 3 | 2 | 12 |
| 2018/2019 ADM First Division | 6 | 18 | 6 | 0 | 12 | 274 | 517 | -243 | 4 | 1 | 30 |
| 2021/2022 ADM Division 1 | 11 | 18 | 1 | 0 | 17 | 114 | 383 | -269 | 0 | 1 | 5 |
| 2022/2023 Counties 4 ADM Lancashire & Cheshire | 9 | 18 | 2 | 0 | 16 | 178 | 615 | -437 | 2 | 1 | -13 |
| 2023/2024 NOWIRUL Division 3 Central | 4 | 18 | 12 | 0 | 6 | 509 | 380 | 129 | 0 | 1 | 67 |
| 2024/2025 NOWIRUL Division 3 Central |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

2nd XV
| League | League Position | P | W | D | L | PF | PA | +/- | TB | LB | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2010/2011 NOWIRUL Division 5 East | 2 | 24 | 16 | 0 | 8 | 825 | 433 | 392 | 0 | 0 | 72 |
| 2011/2012 NOWIRUL Division 5 East | 3 | 22 | 14 | 1 | 7 | 617 | 495 | 122 | 0 | 0 | 65 |
| 2012/2013 NOWIRUL Division 4 East | 10 | 20 | 5 | 1 | 14 | 343 | 629 | -286 | 0 | 0 | 29 |
| 2013/2014 NOWIRUL Division 4 East | 9 | 24 | 11 | 1 | 12 | 589 | 602 | -13 | 0 | 0 | 58 |
| 2014/2015 NOWIRUL Division 4 East | 9 | 24 | 11 | 0 | 13 | 586 | 718 | -132 | 0 | 0 | 56 |
| 2015/2016 NOWIRUL Division 4 East | 9 | 22 | 8 | 1 | 13 | 405 | 463 | -58 | 0 | 0 | 45 |
| 2016/2017 NOWIRUL Division 4 East | 9 | 22 | 8 | 0 | 14 | 472 | 717 | -245 | 0 | 0 | 48 |
| 2018/2019 NOWIRUL Division 5 East | 5 | 16 | 10 | 0 | 6 | 552 | 400 | 152 | 0 | 0 | 39 |
| 2021/2022 NOWIRUL Division 5 East | 7 | 16 | 9 | 0 | 7 | 387 | 320 | 67 | 0 | 0 | 39 |
| 2023/2024 NOWIRUL Division 5 East |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

## Playing Squad

2023/2024
| Name | Nickname | Position | Nationality |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Matt Bramwell |  | Front Row | English |
| Imran Donnelan | Immy | Prop | English |
| Dan Park |  | Prop | English |
| Gary Pugh |  | Prop | English |
| Philip Pugh | Garcon | Front Row | English |
| Ben Ramsden | Dave | Hooker | English |
| Nathan Smith |  | Front Row | English |
| Craig Brady | Ace / Unassuming Craig | Second Row | English |
| Lewis Barnes (Vice-Captain) | Big Lew | Second Row | English / Irish |
| Callum Lewis | Kenny | Second Row | English |
| Ben Taylor | Pushback / Glassback | Second Row | English |
| Tom Bennet |  | Flanker | English |
| Blaine Brady | Braine | Flanker | English / Irish |
| Luke Bromby | Messi | Flanker | English |
| Lewis Higgins |  | Flanker | English |
| Mark Prescott | Smithy | Flanker | English |
| Colin Robinson | Verne | Flanker | English |
| Caleb Wilkinson |  | Flanker | English |
| Mike Moore (Captain) |  | 8 | English |
| Andy Donley |  | Scrum-Half | English |
| Kyle Howard |  | Scrum-Half | English |
| Alex Liley | Weeman | Scrum-Half | English |
| Scott Danby | Uncle Scott | Fly-Half | English |
| Pete Davies |  | Fly-Half / Centre | English |
| Jac Bromby | Jacques / Pinky | Centre | English |
| Louis Galley |  | Centre | English |
| Jake Sullivan | Joffrey / Joff | Centre | English |
| Mason Barnes | Boy | Winger | English / Irish |
| Curtis Harvey | Crut | Fullback | English |
| Joe Steele | Welsh Dave / Taff | Winger | Welsh |
| Matt Wilson |  | Winger | English |

2024/2025
| Name | Nickname | Position | Nationality |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Matt Bramwell |  | Front Row | English |
| Dan Park |  | Prop | English |
| Gary Pugh |  | Prop | English |
| Ben Ramsden | Dave | Hooker | English |
| Nathan Smith |  | Front Row | English |
| Craig Brady | Ace / Unassuming Craig | Second Row | English |
| Lewis Barnes (Vice-Captain) | Big Lew | Second Row | English / Irish |
| Callum Lewis | Kenny | Second Row | English |
| Ben Taylor | Pushback / Glassback | Second Row | English |
| Tom Bennet |  | Flanker | English |
| Blaine Brady | Braine | Flanker | English / Irish |
| Luke Bromby | Messi | Flanker | English |
| Lewis Higgins |  | Flanker | English |
| Mark Prescott | Smithy | Flanker | English |
| Colin Robinson | Verne | Flanker | English |
| Mike Moore (Captain) |  | 8 | English |
| Andy Donley |  | Scrum-Half | English |
| Scott Danby | Uncle Scott | Fly-Half | English |
| Pete Davies |  | Fly-Half / Centre | English |
| Jac Bromby | Jacques / Pinky | Centre | English |
| Louis Galley |  | Centre | English |
| Jake Sullivan | Joffrey / Joff | Centre | English |
| Mason Barnes | Boy | Winger | English / Irish |
| Curtis Harvey | Crut | Fullback | English |
| Joe Steele | Welsh Dave / Taff | Winger | Welsh |
| Matt Wilson |  | Winger | English |
| Mark Large |  | Fly Half | English |
| Rio |  | Centre | English |
| Steve McKeon |  | Scrum Half | English |
| Alex |  | Winger | English |
| John Brand |  | Winger | English |
| Nate Capps | Bronson | Winger | English |
| Dec |  | Scrum-Half | English |

53°31′33″N 2°10′37″W / 53.52596°N 2.176949°W / 53.52596; -2.176949

## InfoBox

North Manchester Rugby Club
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | North Manchester Rugby Union Football Club |
| Union | Lancashire RFU |
| Nickname(s) | T'North |
| Founded | 1921 (1921) (as Prestwich RUFC) |
| Location | Moston Manchester, England |
| Ground(s) | The Tudor Lodge Playing Fields, Victoria Avenue East, M40 5SH (Capacity: 250) |
| Chairman | Daniel Park |
| President | John Greenwood |
| Coach(es) | Andrew Donley (Head), Gary Pugh (Forwards) |
| Captain(s) | Michael Moore, Lewis Barnes (Vice-Captain) |
| Official website | |
| www.northmanchesterrufc.co.uk | |


title: Écommoy FC

abstract: Ecommoy Football Club is a French football club based in Écommoy. The club, managed by Jean-Noël Visonneau were promoted to the championnat DH in 2008-2009 from the Ligue du Maine.

text:
# Écommoy FC

| **Ecommoy FC** | |
| --- | --- |
| **Club founded in** | 1921 |
| **Colours** | green and black |
| **Stadium** | Stade des vaugeons |
| **Address** | Place du Général de Gaulle BP 4,<br>72220 Écommoy |
| **Website** | ecommoy-fc.footeo.com |

**Ecommoy Football Club** is a French football club based in Écommoy.
The club, managed by Jean-Noël Visonneau were promoted to the championnat DH in 2008-2009 from the Ligue du Maine.

## History

Founded in 1921 under the name of US Ecommoy, the club made its debut in the Division d'Honneur of the Ligue de football du Maine in 1986-1987. Becoming Ecommoy FC, the Green and Blacks took four titles as champion of the Maine leading to promotion to the national championships. These trips to a higher level were short: two seasons from 1994 to 1996, two seasons from 2001 to 2003, one season in 2005-2006 and the last in 2007-2008.

## Honours

---


title: Pratt & Whitney XA101

abstract: The Pratt & Whitney XA101 is an American adaptive cycle engine demonstrator being developed by Pratt & Whitney for the Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II and form the technological foundation for the company's XA103 propulsion system for the United States Air Force's sixth generation fighter program, the Next Generation Air Dominance (NGAD). The three-stream adaptive cycle design can direct air to the bypass third stream for increased fuel efficiency and cooling or to the core and fan streams for additional thrust and performance. The 45,000 lbf (200 kN) thrust class engine is expected to be significantly more powerful and efficient than existing low-bypass turbofans.

text:
# Pratt & Whitney XA101

The **Pratt & Whitney XA101** is an American adaptive cycle engine demonstrator being developed by Pratt & Whitney for the Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II and form the technological foundation for the company's XA103 propulsion system for the United States Air Force's sixth generation fighter program, the Next Generation Air Dominance (NGAD).

The three-stream adaptive cycle design can direct air to the bypass third stream for increased fuel efficiency and cooling or to the core and fan streams for additional thrust and performance. The 45,000 lbf (200 kN) thrust class engine is expected to be significantly more powerful and efficient than existing low-bypass turbofans.

## Development

The U.S. Air Force and U.S. Navy began pursuing the adaptive cycle engine concept in 2007 with the Adaptive Versatile Engine Technology (ADVENT) program, a part of the larger Versatile Affordable Advanced Turbine Engines (VAATE) program. While not involved with ADVENT, Pratt & Whitney was selected alongside General Electric for the Adaptive Engine Technology Demonstrator (AETD) program that followed in 2012; this program continued to mature the technology, with tests performed using demonstrator engines. The next step, the Adaptive Engine Transition Program (AETP), was launched in 2016 to develop adaptive engines for sixth-generation fighter propulsion as well as potential re-engining of the F-35 from the existing F135 turbofan engine. The General Electric demonstrator was designated XA100 and the P&W engine was designated XA101. The AETP goal was to demonstrate 25% improved fuel efficiency, 10% additional thrust, and improved thermal management.

In 2017, Pratt & Whitney successfully tested an adaptive three-stream fan with an F135 core, and considered the XA101 to be "Growth Option 2.0" in its long-term development plan for the F135. Further contract awards and modifications from Air Force Life Cycle Management Center (AFLCMC) in 2018 increased the focus on re-engining of the F-35; there has also been investigations on applying the technology in upgrades for F-15, F-16, and F-22 propulsion systems. In June 2018, Pratt & Whitney changed its development plan for the F135, and instead offered an adaptive three-stream fan as Growth Option 2.0 that is separate from the XA101, which would instead have a new engine core. In 2020, the F135 development plan shifted from "Growth Options" to "Engine Enhancement Packages" (EEP), while the three-stream XA101 is a new engine with potential re-engining for the F-35A. Ground testing of the XA101 began in September 2021.

Also in September 2021, Pratt & Whitney publicly stated serious doubts about the cost effectiveness of AETP's future for the F-35, stating that the XA101 was "always intended … to be a sixth-generation \[powerplant for sixth-generation fighters\]." Jennifer Latka, Vice President of the F135 program, explained: “There’s a significant amount of risk that comes with brand-new technology, and that would require a tremendous amount of validation to be done. We’re saying, the AETP is not the right fit for the F-35.” Instead, Pratt & Whitney is proposing a "drop-in" enhanced engine package that would improve thrust and range by 10% while also offering a 50% improvement in thermal management. While this falls short of the AETP's goal of a 25% improvement in fuel efficiency, Pratt & Whitney argues the savings would be worth it, estimating the cost of developing AETP for the F-35 at up to $40 Billion. As of 2021, thermal management had been an ongoing issue for the F135, largely due to the increased sustainment and maintenance costs caused from heat damage by running the engines hotter in order to take full advantage of newer, more powerful sensors and electronics being integrated into Block 4+ F-35s. The sensors and electronics subsequently require additional cooling to take full advantage of the aircraft's capability. GE had previously stated that one advantage of their AETP XA100 engine is its third airstream, which its officials say can be used to help cool the F-35’s electronics. Nonetheless, Latka urged an official review of the program's requirements, stating, “We need to crystallize on what the requirement is, and then we figure out what the most cost-effective solution is once we understand that requirement."

In 2023 the USAF chose an improved F135 under the Engine Core Upgrade (ECU) program over an adaptive cycle engine such as the XA101 due to cost as well as concerns over risk of integrating the new engine, initially designed for the F-35A, on the B and C.

## Design

The XA101 is a three-stream adaptive cycle engine that can adjust the bypass ratio and fan pressure to increase fuel efficiency or thrust, depending on the scenario. It does this by employing a third bypass stream around the entire engine, with the ability to modulate the portion of airflow into the engine core or through this third stream, to increase fuel economy and act as a heat sink for cooling. This capability enables greater use of the high-speed, low-altitude portion of the F-35 flight regime. The increased cooling and power generation also enables the potential employment of directed-energy weapons in the future. When additional thrust is needed, the air from the third stream can be directed into the core and fan streams for increased performance.

## Applications

## Specifications (XA101-PW-100)

*Data from* Flight Global,

#### General characteristics

* **Type:** Three-stream adaptive cycle engine
* **Length:**
* **Diameter:**
* **Dry weight:**

#### Components

* **Compressor:**

#### Performance

**Related development**

**Comparable engines**

**Related lists**

1. Thomson, Daniel E. (14 April 2010). *Versatile Affordable Advanced Turbine Engines Provide Game Changing Capability with Superior Fuel Efficiency* (PDF). 11th Annual Science & Engineering Technology Conference/DoD Tech Expo. Charleston, South Carolina.
2. Jim Mathews (26 June 2017). "Engines of Innovation". *Air Force Magazine*. Retrieved 14 May 2021.
3. Mehta, Aaron (1 July 2016). "US Air Force Funds Next Advanced Engine Stage". *DefenseNews*. Retrieved 11 January 2020.
4. Kjelgaard, Christ (15 June 2017). "P&W Outlines Three-step F135 Development Pathway". *Aviation International News*. Retrieved 11 January 2020.
5. Insinna, Valerie (18 September 2017). "Eyeing the future fighter, Pratt & Whitney hits milestone with new adaptive engine". *DefenseNews*. Retrieved 11 January 2020.
6. Norris, Guy (29 January 2015). "GE Details Sixth-Generation Adaptive Fighter Engine Plan". *Aviation Week*. Retrieved 11 January 2020.
7. Trimble, Steven (9 July 2018). "USAF starts work on defining adaptive engine for future fighter". *Flight Global*. Retrieved 11 January 2020.
8. Kjelgaard, Chris (13 June 2018). "P&W Outlines New Plan for F-35 Engine Upgrades". *Aviation International News*. Retrieved 11 January 2020.
9. Norris, Guy; Anselmo, Joe (21 July 2018). "F-35 Engine Upgrade Would Enable Directed Energy Weapons". *Aviation Week*. Retrieved 11 January 2020.
10. Tirpak, John A. (1 October 2021). "Pratt Testing XA101 Adaptive Engine, Has Two Offerings for F-35 Propulsion". *Air Force Magazine*.
11. Tirpak, John A. (2021-09-09). "Pratt Pushes Alternative to New Adaptive Engine for F-35". *Air Force Magazine*. AirForceMagazine.com. Retrieved 2022-04-17.
12. Marrow, Michael (13 March 2023). "Air Force will not develop new F-35 engine, keeping Pratt as sole contractor". *Breaking Defense*.

## InfoBox

| XA101 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| XA101 adaptive fan being tested at Arnold Engineering Development Complex (AEDC) | |
| Type | Adaptive cycle engine |
| National origin | United States |
| Manufacturer | Pratt & Whitney |
| First run | 2021 |
| Major applications | Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II (proposed) |


title: Solamargine

abstract: Solamargine is a cytotoxic chemical compound that occurs in plants of the family Solanaceae, such as potatoes, tomatoes, and eggplants. It has been also isolated from Solanum nigrum fungal endophyte Aspergillus flavus. It is a glycoalkaloid derived from the steroidal alkaloid solasodine. Solamargine was one component of the unsuccessful experimental cancer drug candidate Coramsine.

text:
# Solamargine

**Solamargine** is a cytotoxic chemical compound that occurs in plants of the family Solanaceae, such as potatoes, tomatoes, and eggplants. It has been also isolated from *Solanum nigrum* fungal endophyte *Aspergillus flavus*. It is a glycoalkaloid derived from the steroidal alkaloid solasodine.

Solamargine was one component of the unsuccessful experimental cancer drug candidate Coramsine.

## InfoBox

Solamargine
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Names | |
| IUPAC name (22*R*,25*R*)-Spirosol-5-en-3β-yl α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-\[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)\]-β-D-glucopyranoside | |
| Systematic IUPAC name (2*S*,2′*S*,3*R*,3′*R*,4*R*,4′*R*,5*R*,5′*R*,6*S*,6′*S*)-2,2′-{\[(2*R*,3*S*,4*S*,5*R*,6*R*)-4-Hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-{\[(2*S*,2′*R*,4a*R*,4b*S*,5′*R*,6a*S*,6b*R*,7*S*,9a*S*,10a*S*,10b*S*)-4a,5′,6a,7-tetramethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,4b,5,6,6a,6b,7,9a,10,10a,10b,11-hexadecahydrospiro\[naptho\[2′,1′:4,5\]indeno\[2,1-*b*\]furan-8,2′-piperidin\]-2-yl\]oxy}oxane-3,5-diyl\]bis(oxy)}bis(6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol) | |
| Other names Solamargin; δ-Solanigrine | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number |  |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| ChEMBL |  |
| ChemSpider |  |
| PubChem CID |  |
| UNII |  |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |  |
| InChI * InChI=1S/C45H73NO15/c1-19-9-14-45(46-17-19)20(2)30-28(61-45)16-27-25-8-7-23-15-24(10-12-43(23,5)26(25)11-13-44(27,30)6)57-42-39(60-41-36(53)34(51)32(49)22(4)56-41)37(54)38(29(18-47)58-42)59-40-35(52)33(50)31(48)21(3)55-40/h7,19-22,24-42,46-54H,8-18H2,1-6H3/t19-,20+,21+,22+,24+,25-,26+,27+,28+,29-,30+,31+,32+,33-,34-,35-,36-,37+,38-,39-,40+,41+,42-,43+,44+,45-/m1/s1 YKey: MBWUSSKCCUMJHO-ZGXDEBHDSA-N Y * InChI=1/C45H73NO15/c1-19-9-14-45(46-17-19)20(2)30-28(61-45)16-27-25-8-7-23-15-24(10-12-43(23,5)26(25)11-13-44(27,30)6)57-42-39(60-41-36(53)34(51)32(49)22(4)56-41)37(54)38(29(18-47)58-42)59-40-35(52)33(50)31(48)21(3)55-40/h7,19-22,24-42,46-54H,8-18H2,1-6H3/t19-,20+,21+,22+,24+,25-,26+,27+,28+,29-,30+,31+,32+,33-,34-,35-,36-,37+,38-,39-,40+,41+,42-,43+,44+,45-/m1/s1Key: MBWUSSKCCUMJHO-ZGXDEBHDBL | |
| SMILES * O(\[C@H\]8\[C@H\](O\[C@@H\]5C/C4=C/C\[C@H\]3\[C@@H\]6C\[C@@H\]2O\[C@@\]1(NC\[C@H\](C)CC1)\[C@@H\](C)\[C@@H\]2\[C@@\]6(C)CC\[C@@H\]3\[C@@\]4(C)CC5)O\[C@H\](CO)\[C@@H\](O\[C@@H\]7O\[C@@H\](C)\[C@H\](O)\[C@@H\](O)\[C@H\]7O)\[C@@H\]8O)\[C@@H\]9O\[C@H\](\[C@H\](O)\[C@@H\](O)\[C@H\]9O)C | |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C45H73NO15 |
| Molar mass | 868.071 g·mol−1 |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C \[77 °F\], 100 kPa). N verify (what is YN ?)  Infobox references | |


title: Šebreki

abstract: Šebreki is a settlement in Karlovac County, Croatia. As of the 2001 census, it has 0 residents.

text:
# Šebreki

**Šebreki** is a settlement in Karlovac County, Croatia. As of the 2001 census, it has 0 residents.

1. *Register of spatial units of the State Geodetic Administration of the Republic of Croatia*. Wikidata Q119585703.
2. "Population by Age and Sex, by Settlements" (xlsx). *Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in 2021*. Zagreb: Croatian Bureau of Statistics. 2022.
3. "SAS Output". *www.dzs.hr* (in Croatian). Retrieved 2020-11-16.

## InfoBox

| Šebreki | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Šebreki | |
| Coordinates: 45°34′N 15°33′E / 45.567°N 15.550°E / 45.567; 15.550 | |
| Country | Croatia |
| Area | |
| Total | 0.2 km2 (0.08 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | |
| Total | 0 |
| Density | 0.0/km2 (0.0/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |