title: Max Patch

abstract: Max Patch is a bald mountain on the North Carolina-Tennessee Border in Madison County, North Carolina, and Cocke County, Tennessee. It is a major landmark along the Tennessee/North Carolina section of the Appalachian Trail, although its summit is in North Carolina. It is known for its 360-degree views of the surrounding mountains, namely the Bald Mountains in the immediate vicinity; the Unakas to the north; the Great Smoky Mountains National Park to the south; and the Great Balsams and Black Mountains to the southeast. A small parking area is near the summit with a short loop trail. No public bathrooms or trash cans exist, and parking is limited at the site.

text:
# Max Patch

**Max Patch** is a bald mountain on the North Carolina-Tennessee Border in Madison County, North Carolina, and Cocke County, Tennessee. It is a major landmark along the Tennessee/North Carolina section of the Appalachian Trail, although its summit is in North Carolina. It is known for its 360-degree views of the surrounding mountains, namely the Bald Mountains in the immediate vicinity; the Unakas to the north; the Great Smoky Mountains National Park to the south; and the Great Balsams and Black Mountains to the southeast. A small parking area is near the summit with a short loop trail. No public bathrooms or trash cans exist, and parking is limited at the site.

## History

Max Patch was originally cleared in the early 19th century by farmers seeking to use the area as pasture for cattle and sheep. Throughout the first half of the 20th century, the mountain was used for a wide range of purposes including the site of an inn, a hostel circuit, and an airstrip before the United States Forest Service purchased the area in 1982 to preserve the historic site and prevent the construction of a ski resort. The Carolina Mountain Club, Appalachian Trail Conservancy, and United States Forest Service worked collaboratively to relocate the Appalachian Trail to Max Patch's summit and completed the project in 1984.

## Ecology

In addition to being a popular tourist destination, Max Patch is home to various native plants and wildlife. The mountain is managed by the United States Forest Service to maintain its early ecological succession stage, preserving habitat for local flora and fauna in addition to the famed panoramic views. The Carolina Mountain Club, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, and Appalachian Trail Conservancy also work to help restore and manage the area's ecosystem. American black bears, bobcats, and elk have been spotted at Max Patch. The area is also a designated Important Bird Area through Birdlife International and a critical site for the imperiled golden-winged warbler and an assortment of other bird species. In addition, Max Patch is an important stopover point for monarch butterfly populations.

## Tourism and Conservation

Due to widespread ecological damage and human health hazards stemming from overuse and irresponsible visitor stewardship, the United States Forest Service issued a closure order to help the area recover in July 2021. The order includes a ban on overnight camping, fires, and group sizes of more than ten. The complete closure order is listed below. Visitors are encouraged to leave no trace and always stay on the trail to prevent the creation of harmful social trails which damage habitat through erosion and fragmentation.

**Mars Hill, NC, July 1, 2021**—The Pisgah National Forest is implementing new restrictions at Max Patch designed to reduce impacts to natural resources and protect public health and safety. Effective immediately in the area around Max Patch as delineated on the map below, the following rules apply:

1. No camping.
2. No fires.
3. The area closes 1 hour after sundown. Reopens 1 hour before sunrise. Visitors are prohibited during closed hours.
4. Group size limited to 10.
5. Dogs and other animals must be on a leash no longer than 6 feet or in a crate or cage.
6. Stay on designated trails.
7. Aircraft may not land, drop off, or pick up anything in this area. Drones are prohibited on the Appalachian Trail.
8. No fireworks.
9. Bikes must stay on roads only.
10. Horses and other saddle and pack animals may not be ridden, hitched, tethered, or hobbled in this area.

Panorama taken from Max Patch 2013

## InfoBox

| Max Patch | |
| --- | --- |
| Max Patch Bald | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 4,626 ft (1,410 m) |
| Prominence | 866 ft (264 m) |
| Coordinates | 35°47′49″N 82°57′25″W / 35.7970454°N 82.9568108°W / 35.7970454; -82.9568108 |
| Geography | |
| Max PatchMadison County, North Carolina, U.S. | |
| Parent range | Bald Mountains |
| Topo map | USGS Lemon Gap |


title: Vladimir Krstić (basketball)

abstract: Vladimir Krstić is a Croatian professional basketball coach and former player who is the head coach for Vëllaznimi of the Kosovo Superleague.

text:
# Vladimir Krstić (basketball)

**Vladimir Krstić** (born 27 July 1972) is a Croatian professional basketball coach and former player who is the head coach for Vëllaznimi of the Kosovo Superleague.

## Professional career

Krstić, an Osijek native, started his career in his hometown club Olimpija Osijek. After leaving Osijek, Krstić played for series of clubs all around Europe - Steiner Bayreuth, Cibona Zagreb, Anwil Wloclawek, Pau Orthez, Metis Varese, Lietuvos rytas, KK Zadar, Lianera Menorca, Olimpia Larissa, BC Kyiv, Aigaleo, KK Zagreb and Cedevita Zagreb.

## Coaching career

In December 2014, Krstić took over as a head coach of Croatian first division club KK Vrijednosnice Osijek. On 9 January 2019, Krstić and Vrijednosnice parted ways.

In September 2017, he became an assistant coach of Croatia national team in staff of Ivica Skelin. He left the staff in 2019.

On 19 November 2019, Krstić was named the new head coach for Dubrava Furnir of the Croatian League.

In July 2022, Gorica hired Krstić as their new head coach.

## InfoBox

Vladimir Krstić
| KB Vëllaznimi | |
| --- | --- |
| Position | Head coach |
| League | Kosovo Superleague |
| Personal information | |
| Born | (1972-07-27) 27 July 1972<br>Osijek, SR Croatia, SFR Yugoslavia |
| Nationality | Croatian |
| Listed height | 1.84 m (6 ft 0 in) |
| Career information | |
| Playing career | 1990–2011 |
| Position | Point guard |
| Coaching career | 2014–present |
| Career history | |
| As player: | |
| 1990–1991 | Olimpija Osijek |
| 1991–1992 | Steiner Bayreuth |
| 1992–1993 | Olimpija Osijek |
| 1993–1994 | Split |
| 1994–1998 | Olimpija Osijek |
| 1998–2000 | Cibona |
| 2000–2001 | Anwil Włocławek |
| 2001 | Élan Béarnais Pau-Orthez |
| 2001–2002 | Pallacanestro Varese |
| 2002–2003 | Lietuvos rytas |
| 2003 | Zadar |
| 2003–2004 | Anwil Włocławek |
| 2004–2005 | Cibona |
| 2005–2006 | Menorca Bàsquet |
| 2006–2007 | Olympia Larissas |
| 2007–2008 | Kyiv |
| 2008–2009 | Aigaleo |
| 2009–2010 | Zagreb |
| 2010–2011 | Cedevita |
| As coach: | |
| 2014–2019 | Vrijednosnice |
| 2019–2022 | Furnir |
| 2022–23 | Gorica |
| 2024-present | Vëllaznimi |
|  | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
| **As player** | |
|  | |


title: Maybe Mahal Stakes

abstract: The Maybe Mahal Stakes raced as The Hong Kong Jockey Club Stakes (2021), is a registered Victoria Racing Club Group 3 Thoroughbred set weights with penalties horse race for mares, over a distance of 1400 metres held annually at Flemington Racecourse, Melbourne, Australia during the VRC Spring Racing Carnival on Melbourne Cup day. Total prize money for the race is A$200,000.

text:
# Maybe Mahal Stakes

The **Maybe Mahal Stakes** raced as ***The Hong Kong Jockey Club Stakes*** (2021), is a registered Victoria Racing Club Group 3 Thoroughbred set weights with penalties horse race for mares, over a distance of 1400 metres held annually at Flemington Racecourse, Melbourne, Australia during the VRC Spring Racing Carnival on Melbourne Cup day. Total prize money for the race is A$200,000.

## History

The registered race is named after Maybe Mahal, 1977-1978 Australian Racehorse of the Year and trained by Bart Cummings.

### Name

* 2005 - Liberty Financial Plate
* 20062007 - Liberty Financial Stakes
* 20082012 - Herald Sun Stakes
* 2013 - Lavazza Short Black
* 20142018 - Hong Kong Jockey Club Stakes
* 2019 - Jim Beam Stakes
* 2020 - Hong Kong Jockey Club Stakes

### Grade

* 20052011 - Listed Race
* 2012 onwards - Group 3

## Winners

* 2022 - Larkspur Run
* 2021 - Rich Hips
* 2020 - Rich Hips
* 2019 - Teleplay
* 2018 - Cool Passion
* 2017 - Pedrena
* 2016 - Artistry
* 2015 - Scarlet Billows
* 2014 - Mahara
* 2013 - Plucky Belle
* 2012 - Koonoomoo
* 2011 - Sophie's Spirit
* 2010 - Jersey Lily
* 2009 - Strawberry Field
* 2008 - Neroli
* 2007 - Juste Momente
* 2006 - Storm Signal
* 2005 - Vintner

## InfoBox

Maybe Mahal Stakes
*raced as The Hong Kong Jockey Club Stakes (2021)*
| Group 3 race | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Flemington Racecourse, Melbourne, Australia |
| Inaugurated | 2005 |
| Race type | Thoroughbred |
| Sponsor | Hong Kong Jockey Club (2022) |
| Race information | |
| Distance | 1,400 metres |
| Surface | Turf |
| Qualification | Mares four years old and older |
| Weight | Set weights with penalties |
| Purse | 200,000 (2022) |


title: Maybe Memories

abstract: Maybe Memories is a compilation album by American emo band the Used. It was released on July 15, 2003 and has since been certified platinum. The album consists of live songs from their self-titled album, demos from Demos from the Basement, and previously unreleased material.

text:
# Maybe Memories

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |

***Maybe Memories*** is a compilation album by American emo band the Used. It was released on July 15, 2003 and has since been certified platinum. The album consists of live songs from their self-titled album, demos from *Demos from the Basement*, and previously unreleased material.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by The Used except "Alone This Holiday" written by The Used and John Feldmann

CD
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Maybe Memories" (Live at the Henry Fonda Music Box Theatre, March 21, 2003) | 3:12 |
| 2. | "A Box Full of Sharp Objects" (Live at the Henry Fonda Music Box Theatre, March 21, 2003) | 2:56 |
| 3. | "On My Own" (Live at the Henry Fonda Music Box Theatre, March 21, 2003) | 2:46 |
| 4. | "Say Days Ago" (Live at the Henry Fonda Music Box Theatre, March 21, 2003) | 5:41 |
| 5. | "Just a Little" (Unreleased track from debut album) | 3:29 |
| 6. | "It Could be a Good Excuse" (Home demo) | 2:52 |
| 7. | "Zero Mechanism" (Home demo) | 2:36 |
| 8. | "Bulimic" (Home demo) | 3:23 |
| 9. | "Alone This Holiday" (Recorded for KROQ Christmas album) | 2:57 |
| 10. | "Sometimes I Just Go for It" (Unreleased music for song idea from debut album) | 4:46 |
| Total length: | | 34:33 |

DVD
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Maybe Memories" (A video diary) | 36:42 |
| 2. | "A Box Full of Sharp Objects" (Music video) | 3:05 |
| 3. | "The Taste of Ink" (Music video) | 3:22 |
| 4. | "Buried Myself Alive" (Music video) | 3:36 |
| 5. | "Blue and Yellow" (Music video) | 3:27 |
| 6. | "Buried Myself Alive" (The making of) | 9:10 |
| 7. | "The Taste of Ink" (The making of) | 8:59 |
| 8. | "Maybe Memories" (Live at the Henry Fonda Music Box Theatre, March 21, 2003) |  |
| 9. | "A Box Full of Sharp Objects" (Live at the Henry Fonda Music Box Theatre, March 21, 2003) |  |
| 10. | "On My Own" (Live at the Henry Fonda Music Box Theatre, March 21, 2003) |  |
| 11. | "Say Days Ago" (Live at the Henry Fonda Music Box Theatre, March 21, 2003) |  |
| 12. | "Bert" (Band video bio) | 2:57 |
| 13. | "Jeph" (Band video bio) | 2:48 |
| 14. | "Branden" (Band video bio) | 3:23 |
| 15. | "Quinn" (Band video bio) | 2:41 |
| 16. | "COPS" (Hidden easter egg; home video of Branden, Jeph, and Quinn doing a COPS-like chase on skateboards. This can be seen by going to "the band" and pressing left on Jeph.) | 9:31 |
| Total length: | | 75:00 |

## Personnel

## Charts and certifications

## Release history

| Region | Date | Label | Format | Catalogue |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| United States | July 15, 2003 | Reprise | CD+DVD | 48503-2 |
| Japan | August 6, 2003 | | | WPZR-30015-6 |

## InfoBox

| Maybe Memories | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Compilation album by The Used | |
| Released | July 15, 2003 (2003-07-15) |
| Studio | Foxy Studios, Marina del Rey, Branden's Bedroom |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 34:37 |
| Label | Reprise |
| Director | Evan Aaronson |
| Producer |  |
| The Used chronology | |
| *The Used*
(2002) ***Maybe Memories***
(2003) *In Love and Death*
(2004) | |


title: Maybe Love Will Change Your Mind

abstract: "Maybe Love Will Change Your Mind" is a 1994 song by the American singer/songwriter Stevie Nicks. It was the first single from her solo album, Street Angel. The song peaked at No. 57 on the Billboard Hot 100. Although it was included on her "Street Angel" tour set list, it was not included on any of Nicks' compilations until Stand Back (2019) and was scarcely mentioned again by the artist.

text:
# Maybe Love Will Change Your Mind

"**Maybe Love Will Change Your Mind**" is a 1994 song by the American singer/songwriter Stevie Nicks. It was the first single from her solo album, *Street Angel*. The song peaked at No. 57 on the *Billboard* Hot 100. Although it was included on her "Street Angel" tour set list, it was not included on any of Nicks' compilations until *Stand Back* (2019) and was scarcely mentioned again by the artist.

## Charts

### Weekly charts

| Chart (1994) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| U.S. *Billboard* Hot 100 | 57 |
| U.S. *Billboard* Adult Contemporary | 17 |
| U.S. *Billboard* Mainstream Rock | 36 |
| Canadian Singles Chart | 8 |
| Canadian Adult Contemporary Chart | 10 |
| U.K. Singles Chart | 42 |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (1994) | Position |
| --- | --- |
| Canada Top Singles (*RPM*) | 68 |

## Notes and references

## InfoBox

| "Maybe Love Will Change Your Mind" | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by Stevie Nicks | |
| from the album  *Street Angel* | |
| B-side | "Inspiration" |
| Released | May 1994 |
| Recorded | 1992–1994 |
| Genre | Pop rock, soft rock |
| Length | 4:18 |
| Label | Modern Records/Atlantic Records |
| Songwriter(s) | Rick Nowels & Sandy Stewart |
| Producer(s) | Stevie Nicks & Thom Panunzio |
| Stevie Nicks singles chronology | |
| "Love's A Hard Game To Play"
(1991) "**Maybe Love Will Change Your Mind**"
(1994) "Blue Denim"
(1994) | |


title: Von Hemmling

abstract: Von Hemmling is the solo project of Jim McIntyre and one of many experimental music projects associated with The Elephant 6 Recording Company. Though Jim McIntyre is the band's primary performer, Hilarie Sidney and John Hill have both been members of Von Hemmling before becoming members of The Apples in Stereo. Other frequent collaborators include Rich Sandoval, Rob Greene, Dane Terry, Mike Snowden, John Ferguson, Trevor Tremaine and Mike Buckley. Von Hemmling was named by Denver artist Little Fyodor, in a conversation where Don Henley was mistakenly heard as "Von Hemmling"

text:
# Von Hemmling

**Von Hemmling** is the solo project of Jim McIntyre and one of many experimental music projects associated with The Elephant 6 Recording Company. Though Jim McIntyre is the band's primary performer, Hilarie Sidney and John Hill have both been members of Von Hemmling before becoming members of The Apples in Stereo. Other frequent collaborators include Rich Sandoval, Rob Greene, Dane Terry, Mike Snowden, John Ferguson, Trevor Tremaine and Mike Buckley. Von Hemmling was named by Denver artist Little Fyodor, in a conversation where Don Henley was mistakenly heard as "Von Hemmling"

## Discography

| Album | Release date | Label | Format |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *Von Hemmling* | 1993 | Elephant 6 (E6011) | Cassette |
| *My Country Tis Of Thee / A Fine Appleseed* | 1997 | Elephant 6 | 7" vinyl |
| *J.W. Kellogg* | 1999 | Shrat Field Recordings (SHRAT 8801), Elephant 6 | 12" vinyl (one side only) |
| *99 from 1999* | 2000 | self-released | CD-R |
| *La Guerre Est Meurtre* | 2002 | Shrat Field Recordings | CD |
| *Wild Hemmling* | 2005 | self-released | CD |
| *99 from 1999* | 2008 | Royal Rhino Flying Records | CD |
| *La Guerre Est Meurtre* | 2008 | Royal Rhino Flying Records | CD |
| *You (Being My Body Whole)* | 2008 | The Fox Pop Recording Co. | Cassette |
|

## InfoBox

| Von Hemmling | |
| --- | --- |
| Photo from show flyer, 2004. | |
| Background information | |
| Origin | Denver, Colorado |
| Genres | Experimental, lo-fi, psychedelic, garage rock |
| Years active | 1991–present |
| Labels | Elephant 6
Shrat Field Recordings
Royal Rhino Flying Records
The Fox Pop Recording Co |
|  | |
| Members | Jim McIntyre |
|  | |
| Past members | Hilarie Sidney
John Hill
John Ferguson |
|  | |
| Website | www.vonhemmling.net |


title: Mayannur

abstract: Mayannur is a village in Thrissur District in the state of Kerala, India.

text:
# Mayannur

**Mayannur** is a village in Thrissur District in the state of Kerala, India.

## Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Mayannur had a population of 7,929 with 3,804 males and 4,125 females.

## Religion

A Hindu temple viz., Sri Kurumba Bhagavathy Temple is situated in Mayannur neighbourhood.

## InfoBox

| Mayannur | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| MayannurMayannur, Thrissur, Kerala, India | |
| Coordinates: 10°45′03″N 76°22′52″E / 10.7507°N 76.3811°E / 10.7507; 76.3811 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Kerala |
| District | Thrissur |
| Elevation | 83.13 m (272.74 ft) |
| Population (2001) | |
| Total | 7,929 |
| Languages | |
| Official | Malayalam, English |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 679105 |


title: Mayans M.C. season 3

abstract: The third season of Mayans M.C., an American crime drama, premiered on FX, on March 16, 2021, and concluded on May 11, 2021. The third season consisted of ten episodes and aired on Tuesdays in the United States on FX. Mayans M.C. is an American crime drama television series created by Kurt Sutter and Elgin James. The show takes place in the same fictional universe as Sons of Anarchy, and deals with the Sons' rivals-turned-allies, the Mayans Motorcycle Club.

text:
# Mayans M.C. season 3

The third season of *Mayans M.C.*, an American crime drama, premiered on FX, on March 16, 2021, and concluded on May 11, 2021. The third season consisted of ten episodes and aired on Tuesdays in the United States on FX. *Mayans M.C.* is an American crime drama television series created by Kurt Sutter and Elgin James. The show takes place in the same fictional universe as *Sons of Anarchy*, and deals with the Sons' rivals-turned-allies, the Mayans Motorcycle Club.

## Production

In November 2019, the series was renewed for a third season which premiered on March 16, 2021. The season is the first without showrunner Kurt Sutter, who created *Sons of Anarchy*. President of original programming at FX Entertainment Nick Grad said; "We're happy to continue telling the story of Mayans MC with our partners at Fox 21 and excited that Elgin James has earned the opportunity to become the series' showrunner."

The season is the first not to be distributed by 20th Television and instead is distributed by Disney-ABC Domestic Television due to the Disney-FOX merger in December 2017.

## Cast and characters

J. D. Pardo (Ezekiel "EZ" Reyes), Sarah Bolger (Emily Thomas), and Michael Irby (Obispo "Bishop" Losa) Carla Baratta (Adelita), Richard Cabral (Johnny "El Coco" Cruz), and Raoul Trujillo (Che "Taza" Romero)

### Main

* J. D. Pardo as Ezekiel "EZ" Reyes, a full patch for the Mayans and brother to Angel Reyes.
* Clayton Cardenas as Angel Reyes, EZ's brother and Él Secretario of Mayans M.C., Santo Padre Charter
* Sarah Bolger as Emily Thomas, childhood sweetheart of EZ, who is now married to Miguel Galindo, and the mother of their infant son.
* Michael Irby as Obispo "Bishop" Losa, president of Mayans M.C.'s Santo Padre Charter.
* Carla Baratta as Adelita, who as a child, watched her family die at the hands of the Galindo cartel.
* Richard Cabral as Johnny "El Coco" Cruz, a full patch member of Mayans M.C.
* Raoul Trujillo as Che "Taza" Romero, Vice Presidente of Mayans M.C., Santo Padre Charter.
* Danny Pino as Miguel Galindo, the son of Galindo Cartel founder Jose Galindo.
* Edward James Olmos as Felipe Reyes, the once-strong Mexican patriarch and Angel and EZ's father.
* Emilio Rivera as Marcus Álvarez, Consejero to Miguel Galindo, former president of the Mayans M.C. Oakland Charter and national president of the Mayans M.C., cousin of Obispo "Bishop" Losa
* Sulem Calderon as Gabriela "Gaby" Castillo, newly immigrated to the U.S. from Oaxaca, Mexico, she seeks to build a brighter future for herself and her family. After moving to Santo Padre, she starts a relationship with EZ until she leaves for Lodi to attend nursing school.

### Special guests

* Ray McKinnon as Lincoln "Linc" James Potter, reprising his role from *Sons of Anarchy* as the Assistant U.S. Attorney, now investigating both the Mayans M.C. and Los Olvidados.
* David Labrava as Happy Lowman, SAMCRO Sergeant-at-Arms, who is responsible for the death of EZ and Angel's mother.

### Recurring

* Frankie Loyal as Hank "El Tranq" Loza, a former bare-knuckle brawler and *El Pacificador* (*Sgt-at-Arms*) of the Mayans M.C., Santo Padre Charter.
* Joseph Lucero as Neron "Creeper" Vargas, an ex-junkie from Los Angeles and *Capitan Del Camino* (*Road Captain*) of the Mayans M.C., Santo Padre Charter.
* Vincent Vargas as Gilberto "Gilly" Lopez, a former U.S. Army Ranger and a good-natured mixed martial arts (MMA) fighter and a full patch member of the Mayans M.C., Santo Padre Charter.
* Gino Vento as Nestor Oceteva, the head of security for the Galindo Cartel and a childhood friend of Miguel's who later becomes a prospect for the Mayans M.C., Santo Padre Charter.
* Joe Ordaz as Paco, Miguel's personal driver and a member of the Galindo Cartel.
* Salvador Chacón as Pablo, the second-in-command of Los Olvidados who serves as Adelita's right-hand man.
* Melony Ochoa as Mini, also known as "La Ratona" (The Mouse), a child member of Los Olvidados who has a close relationship with Adelita.
* Alexandra Barreto as Antonia Pena, the mayor of Santo Padre and Katrina's wife. She is the former lover of Bishop and the mother of their deceased son, Aidan Losa.
* Emily Tosta as Leticia Cruz, Coco's daughter who was raised by her grandmother Celia for most of her life believing she was his younger sister.
* Ivo Nandi as Oscar "El Oso" Ramos, reprising his role from *Sons of Anarchy* as the *Presidente* of the Mayans M.C., Stockton Charter and one of the three *Kings* of the Mayans M.C.
* Jimmy Gonzales as Canche, the *Presidente* of the Mayans M.C., Yuma Charter and one of the three *Kings* of the Mayans M.C.
* Mía Maestro as Sederica Palomo, the governor of Baja California who works with Miguel Galindo in secret.
* Efrat Dor as Anna Linares, a government agent working with Lincoln Potter in the investigation of the Mayans M.C. and Los Olvidados.
* Mike Beltran as Ibarra, the *Presidente* of the Mayans M.C., Tucson Charter and a close ally of the Santo Padre charter.
* Vanessa Giselle as Hope, a heroin addict who forms a close relationship with Coco. She is also a member of Isaac's drug community at Meth Mountain.
* Gregory Cruz as El Palo, *El Unico* (The One, aka President) of the Vatos Malditos Motorcycle Club, who make their money through human trafficking and recruit members without the prospecting process. He later patches over to the Mayans M.C., Yuma Charter. He is also the brother of Laura.
* Momo Rodriguez as Esteban "Steve" Estrada, a former prospect sponsored by Hank and now full patch member of the Mayans M.C., Santo Padre Charter, who's dreamed of joining a M.C. his whole life.
* Justina Adorno as Stephanie, also known as "Nails", one of the bartenders at the clubhouse of the Mayans M.C., Santo Padre Charter. She later becomes engaged to Angel after a recurring fling with him.
* Grace Rizzo as Jess, one of the bartenders at the clubhouse of the Mayans M.C., Santo Padre Charter whose sister, Jazmine, is close to a member of SAMDINO.
* Patricia de Leon as Diana Alvarez, the wife of Marcus Alvarez who lives in Santo Padre with him and their children.
* Holland Roden as Erin Thomas, Emily Galindo's younger sister, who moves to Santo Padre to live with her and reconnect.
* JR Bourne as Isaac, the leader of a drug community based outside of Santo Padre at an encampment dubbed "Meth Mountain".
* Spenser Granese as Butterfly, a drug dealer and member of Isaac's drug community at Meth Mountain.
* Natalia Cordova-Buckley as Laura, El Palo's sister, who is distant from him for killing their brother.

### Guests

* Edwin Hodge as Franky Rogan, a police officer in the Santo Padre Police Department.
* Greg Vrotsos as Terry, the *Vice President* of SAMDINO who seeks to start a war with the Mayans.
* Guillermo García as Ignacio, more commonly known as "El Banquero" (The Banker), the leader of Lobos Nueva Generación (LNG), a radical organization made up of the remnants of the Lobos Sonora Cartel, who were previously defeated by the Galindo Cartel under Jose Galindo.

## Episodes

| No.
overall | No. in
season | Title | Directed by | Written by | Original air date | Prod.
code | U.S. viewers
(millions) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 21 | 1 | "Pap Struggles with the Death Angel" | Michael Dinner | Elgin James | March 16, 2021 (2021-03-16) | 3WBD01 | 0.840 |
| A border shutdown squeezes the Mayan’s heroin trade setting off an internal clash over the future of the club. EZ and Angel grapple with the fallout of family secrets recently come to light. The Galindos grow apart as Miguel loses himself in his grief and search for answers. | | | | | | | |
| 22 | 2 | "The Orneriness of Kings" | Michael Dinner | Sean Tretta | March 16, 2021 (2021-03-16) | 3WBD02 | 0.536 |
| Now a full patch member, EZ proposes a bold plan that could change the course of the club; Adelita is freed from the U.S. government only to discover all is not as she left it with the L.O.; Coco's demons lead him to a new low. | | | | | | | |
| 23 | 3 | "Overreaching Don't Pay" | Rachel Goldberg | Andrea Ciannavei & Jenny Lynn | March 23, 2021 (2021-03-23) | 3WBD03 | 0.843 |
| EZ's brazen plan faces some unexpected hurdles, Coco finds a surprising sanctuary, and Emily is urged into an outing. | | | | | | | |
| 24 | 4 | "Our Gang's Dark Oath" | Brett Dos Santos | Bryan Gracia & Sara Price | March 30, 2021 (2021-03-30) | 3WBD04 | 0.712 |
| EZ agonises over the smuggling failure, but older deeds overshadow his romance with Gaby and the rocky relationships of both Angel and Bishop. | | | | | | | |
| 25 | 5 | "Dark, Deep-Laid Plans" | Elgin James | Debra Moore Muñoz | April 6, 2021 (2021-04-06) | 3WBD05 | 0.605 |
| Bishop hopes an old-school stunt can salvage the plan to break ranks with rival Mayans, even as other criminal players muscle in. | | | | | | | |
| 26 | 6 | "You Can't Pray a Lie" | Elgin James | Andrea Ciannavei | April 13, 2021 (2021-04-13) | 3WBD06 | 0.727 |
| EZ has a difficult time finding his footing in the club's hierarchy, and Angel loses himself to sex, booze, and violence. | | | | | | | |
| 27 | 7 | "What Comes of Handlin' Snakeskin" | Elgin James | Bryan Gracia | April 20, 2021 (2021-04-20) | 3WBD07 | 0.872 |
| Bishop enlists the help of another chapter in his move against Ramos, the man responsible for ordering the hit on EZ. | | | | | | | |
| 28 | 8 | "A Mixed-up and Splendid Rescue" | Alonso Alvarez-Barreda | Jenny Lynn | April 27, 2021 (2021-04-27) | 3WBD08 | 0.793 |
| Home truths prove distressing as Angel disrupts a family \`brunch'. Miguel learns more of his mother's death, and Leticia fears Coco is beyond saving. | | | | | | | |
| 29 | 9 | "The House of Death Floats By" | Elgin James | Sean Tretta | May 4, 2021 (2021-05-04) | 3WBD09 | 0.779 |
| Attempting to right wrongs, EZ tries reconciliation. Miguel and Adelita each seek retribution, and Coco hopes a rescue will work. | | | | | | | |
| 30 | 10 | "Chapter the Last, Nothing More to Write" | Elgin James | Elgin James & Debra Moore Muñoz | May 11, 2021 (2021-05-11) | 3WBD10 | 0.807 |
| EZ plans to go out with a bang, old adversaries dice with death, and relationships are risked when faced with challenging choices. | | | | | | | |

## Reception

Paul Dailly of TV Fanatic said the first two episodes "were probably the most depressing episodes so far."

1. "Mayans M.C. Season 3 Release Date, Cast, Plot - What We Know So Far". February 18, 2021.
2. Otterson, Joe (November 4, 2019). "'Mayans MC' Renewed for Season 3 at FX". *Variety*. Archived from the original on January 7, 2020. Retrieved March 26, 2020.
3. "Mayans MC season 3 - Renewal, release date, cast and Hulu". *Digital Spy*. May 17, 2021.
4. "Mayans MC: How Kurt Sutter's Absence Impacted Season 3".
5. "'Sons Of Anarchy' Star David Labrava Is Pumped For 'The Baddest Show On Air' To Return". *Yahoo.com*.
6. Metcalf, Mitch (March 17, 2021). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 3.16.2021". *Showbuzz Daily*. Archived from the original on March 17, 2021. Retrieved March 17, 2021.
7. Metcalf, Mitch (March 24, 2021). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 3.23.2021". *Showbuzz Daily*. Archived from the original on March 24, 2021. Retrieved March 24, 2021.
8. Metcalf, Mitch (March 31, 2021). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 3.30.2021". *Showbuzz Daily*. Archived from the original on March 31, 2021. Retrieved March 31, 2021.
9. Metcalf, Mitch (April 7, 2021). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 4.6.2021". *Showbuzz Daily*. Archived from the original on April 7, 2021. Retrieved April 7, 2021.
10. Metcalf, Mitch (April 14, 2021). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 4.13.2021". *Showbuzz Daily*. Archived from the original on April 14, 2021. Retrieved April 14, 2021.
11. Metcalf, Mitch (April 21, 2021). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 4.20.2021". *Showbuzz Daily*. Archived from the original on April 21, 2021. Retrieved April 21, 2021.
12. Metcalf, Mitch (April 28, 2021). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 4.27.2021". *Showbuzz Daily*. Archived from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved April 28, 2021.
13. Metcalf, Mitch (May 5, 2021). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 5.4.2021". *Showbuzz Daily*. Archived from the original on May 5, 2021. Retrieved May 5, 2021.
14. Metcalf, Mitch (May 12, 2021). "Updated: ShowBuzzDaily's Top 150 Tuesday Cable Originals & Network Finals: 5.11.2021". *Showbuzz Daily*. Archived from the original on May 12, 2021. Retrieved May 12, 2021.
15. "Mayans M.C. Season 3 Premiere Review: A Devastating New Chapter Begins with More Death". March 17, 2021.

## InfoBox

| *Mayans M.C.* | |
| --- | --- |
| Season 3 | |
| Starring |  |
| No. of episodes | 10 |
| Release | |
| Original network | FX |
| Original release | March 16 (2021-03-16)
May 11, 2021 (2021-05-11) |
| Season chronology | |


title: Mauro Trentini

abstract: Mauro Trentini is an Italian former track cyclist, specialising in the pursuit, where he was team pursuit world champion in 1996 and individual pursuit bronze medalist in 1999.

text:
# Mauro Trentini

**Mauro Trentini** (born 12 September 1975 in Trento) is an Italian former track cyclist, specialising in the pursuit, where he was team pursuit world champion in 1996 and individual pursuit bronze medalist in 1999.

## Palmarès

| Date | Placing | Event | Competition | Location | Country |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 31 August 1996 |  | Team pursuit | World Championships | Manchester | United Kingdom |
| 28 May 1999 | 2 | Individual pursuit | World Cup | Frisco | United States |
| 18 June 1999 | 3 | Individual pursuit | World Cup | Valencia | Spain |
| 19 June 1999 | 3 | Team pursuit | World Cup | Valencia | Spain |
| 1999 | 1 | Individual pursuit | World Cup | Overall |  |
| 22 October 1999 |  | Individual pursuit | World Championships | Berlin | Germany |
| 17 June 2000 | 1 | Team pursuit | World Cup | Mexico City | Mexico |
| 14 July 2000 | 2 | Individual pursuit | World Cup | Turin | Italy |
| 15 July 2000 | 1 | Team pursuit | World Cup | Mexico City | Mexico |

## InfoBox

Mauro Trentini
| Mauro Trentini (r.) with Andrea Colinelli | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Full name | Mauro Trentini |
| Born | (1975-09-12) 12 September 1975<br>Trento, Italy |
| Team information | |
| Discipline | Track |
| Role | Rider |
| Medal record      Men's track cycling  Representing  Italy  World Championships  1996 Manchester Team pursuit  1999 Berlin Individual pursuit | |


title: Vorup

abstract: Vorup is a southwestern suburb of Randers, in Randers Municipality of Denmark, located southwest of Gudenåen and west of the district of Kristrup. The district's football team, Vorup FB, was founded here in May 1930, and played for a short period in the second half of the 1990s in the 2nd division. The district is known for its rivalry with Kristrup. The woodland of Henriettelund borders the southwestern part of Vorup.

text:
# Vorup

**Vorup** is a southwestern suburb of Randers, in Randers Municipality of Denmark, located southwest of Gudenåen and west of the district of Kristrup.

The district's football team, Vorup FB, was founded here in May 1930, and played for a short period in the second half of the 1990s in the 2nd division.

The district is known for its rivalry with Kristrup. The woodland of Henriettelund borders the southwestern part of Vorup.

## Notable people

56°26′57″N 10°2′24″E / 56.44917°N 10.04000°E / 56.44917; 10.04000


title: Vlastimil Ryška

abstract: Vlastimil Ryška is a retired Czech football defender.

text:
# Vlastimil Ryška

**Vlastimil Ryška** (born 1 April 1982) is a retired Czech football defender.

## InfoBox

Vlastimil Ryška
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1982-04-01) 1 April 1982 | | |
| Place of birth | Ústí nad Labem, Czechoslovakia | | |
| Height | 1.95 m (6 ft 5 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Defender | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2001–2008 | FK Teplice |  |  |
| 2002 | FC Chomutov (loan) |  |  |
| 2002–2003 | FC Chomutov (loan) |  |  |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: MazinSaga

abstract: MazinSaga is a Japanese manga created by Go Nagai and based on Mazinger. It was originally serialized in Shueisha's seinen manga magazine Weekly Young Jump from 1991 to 1992, with its chapters collected in three tankōbon volumes. Fushosa republished the series in 1997, and continued it with three additional volumes until 1998. The series is unfinished, although Nagai stated in 2007 that it would be resumed in the future.

text:
# MazinSaga

***MazinSaga*** (Japanese: マジンサーガ, Hepburn: *Majinsāga*) is a Japanese manga created by Go Nagai and based on *Mazinger*. It was originally serialized in Shueisha's *seinen* manga magazine *Weekly Young Jump* from 1991 to 1992 (with a one-shot chapter also published in the summer 1992 issue of *Bears Club Natsunogo*), with its chapters collected in three *tankōbon* volumes. Fushosa republished the series in 1997, and continued it with three additional volumes (totaling six volumes) until 1998. The series is unfinished, although Nagai stated in 2007 that it would be resumed in the future.

## Plot

*MazinSaga* tells the story of the young Koji Kabuto, a university student who finds a strange helmet that is the fruit of his late father's research. The helmet, named Z, also called the Armor of God, reacts to its user's will and spirit. When Koji wears it, the overwhelming power of Z causes it to violently destroy everything on Earth. After the armageddon, Koji is contacted by the spirit of his father who frees him from Z's influence. Waking up on a colonized Mars after being teleported by Z, Koji encounters Sayaka Yumi who tells him of the problems the colonies are facing. Koji decides to fight with Z to protect the colonies from several threats including the evil God Kaiser Hell.

## Video game

The manga has a video game for the Sega Mega Drive with the same name in Asia and Japan. It was called *Mazin Saga Mutant Fighter* in the US and *Mazin Wars* in Europe.

## InfoBox

| MazinSaga | |
| --- | --- |
| Cover of MazinSaga #1 Italian edition (1999) | |
| マジンサーガ<br>(*Majinsāga*) | |
| Manga | |
| Written by | Go Nagai |
| Published by |  |
| Magazine | ** Weekly Young Jump (1991–1992) * Bears Club Natsunogo (1992; one story)* |
| Demographic | *Seinen* |
| Original run | 19911998 |
| Volumes | * 3 (original) * 6 (re-release) |


title: Vosilasarm

abstract: Vosilasarm, also known by the development codes RAD140 and EP0062 and by the black-market name Testolone or Testalone, is a selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) which is under development for the treatment of hormone-sensitive breast cancer. It is specifically under development for the treatment of androgen receptor-positive, estrogen receptor-negative, HER2-negative advanced breast cancer. Vosilasarm was also previously under development for the treatment of sarcopenia, osteoporosis, and weight loss due to cancer cachexia, but development for these indications was discontinued. The drug is taken by mouth. Side effects of vosilasarm may include vomiting, dehydration, constipation, decreased appetite, weight loss, changes in sex hormone levels, elevated liver enzymes, and liver toxicity. Vosilasarm is a nonsteroidal SARM, acting as an agonist of the androgen receptor (AR), the biological target of androgens and anabolic steroids like testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT). However, it shows dissociation of effect between tissues in preclinical studies, with agonistic and anabolic effects in muscle, agonistic effects in breast, and partially agonistic or antagonistic effects in the prostate gland and seminal vesicles. Vosilasarm was developed in 2010 and was first described in the literature in 2011. It was originally developed by Radius Health and is now under development by Ellipses Pharma. The first clinical study of vosilasarm, a small (n=22) phase 1 study in women with metastatic breast cancer, was started in 2017 and completed in 2020, with results published in 2019, 2020, and 2022. As of March 2023, vosilasarm is in phase 1/2 clinical trials for the treatment of breast cancer. Aside from its development as a potential pharmaceutical drug, vosilasarm is on the World Anti-Doping Agency list of prohibited substances and is sold for physique- and performance-enhancing purposes by black-market Internet suppliers. Vosilasarm is often used in these contexts at doses that have not been evaluated in clinical trials, with unknown effectiveness and safety. Many products sold online that are purported to be a specific SARM either contain none or contain other unrelated substances. Social media has played an important role in facilitating the widespread non-medical use of SARMs.

text:
# Vosilasarm

**Vosilasarm**, also known by the development codes **RAD140** and **EP0062** and by the black-market name **Testolone** or **Testalone**, is a selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) which is under development for the treatment of hormone-sensitive breast cancer. It is specifically under development for the treatment of androgen receptor-positive, estrogen receptor-negative, HER2-negative advanced breast cancer. Vosilasarm was also previously under development for the treatment of sarcopenia (age-related muscle atrophy), osteoporosis, and weight loss due to cancer cachexia, but development for these indications was discontinued. The drug is taken by mouth.

Side effects of vosilasarm may include vomiting, dehydration, constipation, decreased appetite, weight loss, changes in sex hormone levels, elevated liver enzymes, and liver toxicity. Vosilasarm is a nonsteroidal SARM, acting as an agonist of the androgen receptor (AR), the biological target of androgens and anabolic steroids like testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT). However, it shows dissociation of effect between tissues in preclinical studies, with agonistic and anabolic effects in muscle, agonistic effects in breast, and partially agonistic or antagonistic effects in the prostate gland and seminal vesicles.

Vosilasarm was developed in 2010 and was first described in the literature in 2011. It was originally developed by Radius Health and is now under development by Ellipses Pharma. The first clinical study of vosilasarm, a small (n=22) phase 1 study in women with metastatic breast cancer, was started in 2017 and completed in 2020, with results published in 2019, 2020, and 2022. As of March 2023, vosilasarm is in phase 1/ clinical trials for the treatment of breast cancer.

Aside from its development as a potential pharmaceutical drug, vosilasarm is on the World Anti-Doping Agency list of prohibited substances and is sold for physique- and performance-enhancing purposes by black-market Internet suppliers. Vosilasarm is often used in these contexts at doses that have not been evaluated in clinical trials, with unknown effectiveness and safety. Many products sold online that are purported to be a specific SARM either contain none or contain other unrelated substances. Social media has played an important role in facilitating the widespread non-medical use of SARMs.

## Medical uses

Vosilasarm is not approved for any medical use and is not available as a licensed pharmaceutical drug as of 2023.

## Side effects

Side effects of vosilasarm in preliminary clinical studies in women with metastatic breast cancer have included vomiting (27%), dehydration (27%), constipation, decreased appetite and weight loss (27%), hypophosphatemia, decreased sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels (100%), increased prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels (80%), and abnormal liver function tests, including elevated aspartate aminotransferase (59%), elevated alanine aminotransferase (46%), and elevated total blood bilirubin (27%).

In gonadally intact male cynomolgus monkeys, vosilasarm suppressed testosterone levels by around 50% (from ~600–800 ng/dL to ~200–300 ng/dL) across three dose levels (0.01 mg/kg, 0.1 mg/kg, and 1.0 mg/kg). Changes in serum lipids, including of triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol were also observed. Elevated liver enzymes were minimally observed in monkeys.

A number of case reports of liver toxicity with non-medical use of vosilasarm have been published. A case report of acute myocarditis with non-medical use of vosilasarm also exists.

## Overdose

Vosilasarm has been assessed in clinical trials in women with breast cancer at doses ranging from 50 to 150 mg/day, with the maximum safe and tolerated dose being 100 mg/day. The drug sold via black-market Internet suppliers and used non-medically has been reported to be taken at doses of 5 to 30 mg/day, with unknown adverse effects and risks.

## Pharmacology

### Pharmacodynamics

Vosilasarm is selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM), or a tissue-selective mixed agonist or partial agonist of the androgen receptor (AR). This receptor is the biological target of endogenous androgens like testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and of synthetic anabolic steroids like nandrolone and oxandrolone. Vosilasarm shows high affinity for the AR, with a Ki value of 7 nM (relative to 29 nM for testosterone and 10 nM for DHT). It shows good selectivity for the AR over other steroid hormone receptors, with the closest off-target receptor being the progesterone receptor (IC50 = 750 nM versus 0.2 nM for progesterone). Vosilasarm also shows potent efficacy in terms of AR activation, with an EC50 value of 0.1 nM in the C2C12 osteoblast differentiation assay. The AR is widely expressed in tissues throughout the body, including in the prostate gland, seminal vesicles, genitals, gonads, skin, hair follicles, muscle, bone, heart, adrenal cortex, liver, kidneys, and brain, among others. Vosilasarm has been found to have varying full agonist and partial agonist AR-mediated effects in different tissues, including potent agonistic and anabolic activity in muscle and bone, potent agonistic effects in AR-expressing human breast cancer cell lines, and partial agonist or antagonist activity in the prostate gland and seminal vesicles.

In castrated immature male rats, vosilasarm (at 10 mg/kg/day orally, the highest assessed dose) maximally stimulated prostate weight to 67%, seminal vesicle weight to 59%, and levator ani muscle weight to 117% compared to that induced with testosterone propionate 1 mg/kg/day. Moreover, when combined with testosterone propionate, vosilasarm partially antagonized the weight increases of the prostate gland and seminal vesicles, reducing them to 84% and 78% (both from 100%), respectively. Conversely however, the combination of testosterone propionate and vosilasarm was additive in terms of levator ani muscle weight stimulation, increasing it to 124%. Vosilasarm was found to stimulate muscle at a dose much lower than that required to stimulate the prostate. A dose of 0.3 mg/kg/day stimulated levator ani muscle weight to a similar extent relative to the levator ani weight in non-castrated controls. Conversely, a 33-fold higher dose of 10 mg/kg/day was required to stimulate prostate weight to a similar extent as that in non-castrated controls. Similarly, in gonadally intact immature rats, 0.3 mg/kg/day vosilasarm stimulated levator ani muscle weight to a similar extent as testosterone propionate 0.5 mg/kg/day, but a dose of 30 mg/kg/day (100-fold higher) was required to stimulate the prostate to a similar extent as testosterone propionate 0.5 mg/kg/day. Hence, in rats, vosilasarm is a potent full agonist of the levator ani muscle but a partial agonist and antagonist of the prostate and seminal vesicles, and is strongly selective for stimulating the levator ani muscle over the prostate gland. In young male cynomolgus monkeys, vosilasarm, at oral doses of 0.01 mg/kg/day, 0.1 mg/kg/day, and 1 mg/kg/day for 28 days, dose-dependently stimulated body weight (+10% at ≥0.1 mg/kg/day) and numerically increased lean body mass. The lack of statistical significance was likely due to the small sample sizes per dosing group (n=3 each). No data on vosilasarm and lean body mass in humans have been published as of 2022.

### Pharmacokinetics

Vosilasarm shows good oral bioavailability in rats (27–63%) and monkeys (65–75%) and is orally active in humans. The elimination half-life of vosilasarm is 45 to 60 hours.

## Chemistry

Vosilasarm is an oxadiazole aniline derivative. Other aniline SARMs include AC-262536 and ACP-105.

## History

Vosilasarm was developed by Radius Health in 2010. It was first described in in the literature in 2011 in a paper detailing its design, synthesis, and preclinical characterization *in vitro* and in rats and monkeys. It was stated in this paper that phase 1 clinical studies of vosilasarm for treatment of severe weight loss due to cancer cachexia were being prepared. However, these studies were never completed or published and development for this indication was discontinued. Subsequently, vosilasarm was repurposed for the treatment of breast cancer.

## Society and culture

### Names

Vosilasarm is the generic name of the drug and its International Nonproprietary Name (INN). It is also known by its pharmaceutical developmental code names RAD140 (Radius Health) and EP0062 (Ellipses Pharma). Additionally, vosilasarm is known by the black-market name Testolone or Testalone.

### Non-medical use

Vosilasarm and other SARMs are sold by black-market vendors on the Internet. Aside from vosilasarm, the other most commonly used SARMs include enobosarm (ostarine; GTx-024, S-22), LGD-4033 (VK5211; "ligandrol"), and andarine (GTx-007; S-4). Social media has played an important role in facilitating the widespread non-medical use of SARMs.

## Research

The first-in-human study, a phase 1 trial, was initiated in October 2017 and completed in September 2020 in postmenopausal women with breast cancer. The study investigated oral doses of vosilasarm of 50 mg/day to 150 mg/day, with the maximum tolerated dose found to be 100 mg/day. A phase 1/ study proposal of vosilasarm for treatment of breast cancer was published in 2023. It will recruit up to 128 patients.

## InfoBox

Vosilasarm
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Clinical data | |
| Other names | RAD140; RAD-140; EP0062; Testolone; Testalone |
| Routes of
administration | By mouth |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Elimination half-life | 45–60 hours |
| Identifiers | |
| IUPAC name * 2-Chloro-4-{\[(1*R*,2*S*)-1-\[5-(4-cyanophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl\]-2-hydroxypropyl\]amino}-3-methylbenzonitrile | |
| CAS Number |  |
| PubChem CID |  |
| DrugBank |  |
| ChemSpider |  |
| UNII |  |
| ChEMBL |  |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |  |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C20H16ClN5O2 |
| Molar mass | 393.83 g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| SMILES * ClC1=C(C#N)C=CC(=C1C)N\[C@H\](\[C@H\](C)O)C2=NN=C(O2)C3=CC=C(C=C3)C#N | |
| InChI * InChI=1S/C20H16ClN5O2/c1-11-16(8-7-15(10-23)17(11)21)24-18(12(2)27)20-26-25-19(28-20)14-5-3-13(9-22)4-6-14/h3-8,12,18,24,27H,1-2H3/t12-,18+/m0/s1 * Key:XMBUPPIEVAFYHO-KPZWWZAWSA-N | |


title: Mbofholowo

abstract: Mbofholowo is a studio album by South African singer-songwriter Makhadzi, released on 22 September 2023 through Makhadzi Entertainment.

text:
# Mbofholowo

***Mbofholowo*** is a studio album by South African singer-songwriter Makhadzi, released on 22 September 2023 through Makhadzi Entertainment.

## Track listing

*Mbofholowo* track listing
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Makhadzi (Intro)" | 4:48 |
| 2. | "Marotho" (featuring Kabza De Small, MaWhoo, Azana and Sino Msolo) | 7:06 |
| 3. | "Twelve O'clock" | 4:48 |
| 4. | "Movie" (featuring Ntate Stunna, Fortunator and DJ Gun Do SA) | 4:50 |
| 5. | "Mushonga" (featuring Dalom Kids, Ntate Stunna, Lwah Ndlunkulu and Master KG) | 4:40 |
| 6. | "Rea Lwa" | 4:41 |
| 7. | "Tshakhuma" | 4:37 |
| 8. | "Malala Phoo" (featuring Fortunator) | 4:17 |
| 9. | "Wagana Nna" (featuring 2Point1, Gusba Banana and Prince Benza) | 4:48 |
| 10. | "Siyayenza" | 4:48 |
| 11. | "Hodalesa" | 4:19 |
| 12. | "Mapara" | 4:48 |
| 13. | "Ndowela" | 4:23 |
| 14. | "Makhwapheni" | 4:48 |
| 15. | "Johnny" | 4:48 |
| 16. | "Tshiwana" | 4:48 |
| 17. | "Ipase Moto (Malawi)" | 4:48 |
| 18. | "Wedding Day" | 4:48 |
| 19. | "Matodzi" | 4:48 |
| 20. | "Shampopo/Mapara" | 4:48 |
| Total length: | | 60:38 |

## Personnel

Credits for *Mbofholowo* are adapted from AllMusic.

* 2point1 – producer, vocals
* Alick Macheso – vocals
* Ati – vocals
* Azana – vocals
* Ba Bethe Gashoazen – composer, vocals, producer
* Dalom Kids – vocals
* DJ Call Me – vocals
* DJ Gun Do SA – vocals
* Fortunator – vocals
* Gusba Banana – vocals
* Kabelo Motha – composer, producer
* Kabza De Small – vocals
* Kharishma – vocals
* Lioness Ratang – vocals
* Lowsheen – vocals
* Lwah Ndlunkulu – vocals
* Makhadzi – composer, primary artist, vocals
* Makhosazana Masango – composer
* Master Kg – producer, vocals
* Mawhoo – vocals
* Mr Brown – vocals
* Naqua SA – vocals
* Ndivhudzannyi Ralivhona – composer
* Nokwazi – vocals
* Ntate Stunna – vocals
* Prince Benza – producer, vocals
* Ramzeey – vocals
* Sino Msolo – vocals
* Sinoyolo Msolo – composer
* Thandeka Ngema – composer

## Accolades

### Industry Awards

*Mbofholowo* received a nomination for Best Traditional Music Album at the 30th ceremony of South African Music Awards.

Awards and nominations for *Mbofholowo*
| Organization | Year | Category | Result | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| South African Music Awards | 2024 | Best Traditional Music Album | Pending |  |

## Certification and sales

Certifications and sales for *Mbofholowo*
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| South Africa (RISA) | Platinum | 50,000 |
| Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## Release history

Release dates and formats for *Mbofholowo*
| Region | Date | Format(s) | Label | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Various | 22 September 2023 |  | Makhadzi Entertainment |  |

## InfoBox

| Mbofholowo | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Makhadzi | |
| Released | 22 September 2023 (2023-09-22) |
| Length | 60:38 |
| Label | Makhadzi Entertainment |
| Makhadzi chronology | |
| *African Queen 2.0*
(2022) ***Mbofholowo***
(2023) | |


title: Mazdacis zenoa

abstract: Mazdacis zenoa is a species of snout moth in the genus Mazdacis. It was described by Schaus in 1925. It is found in South America.

text:
# Mazdacis zenoa

***Mazdacis zenoa*** is a species of snout moth in the genus *Mazdacis*. It was described by Schaus in 1925. It is found in South America.

## InfoBox

| *Mazdacis zenoa* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Pyralidae |
| Genus: | *Mazdacis* |
| Species: | ***M. zenoa*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Mazdacis zenoa***<br>(Schaus, 1925) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Chloropaschia zenoa* Schaus, 1925 | |


title: Sinnae Station

abstract:
Sinnae station is a railway station on the Gyeongchun Line and Seoul Subway Line 6.
The station is located near the Sinnae train depot, which is the depot of Line 6.
Line 6 currently only has 1 track and 1 platform, however, in the future, the Line 6 station will be expanded to 2 tracks and 2 platforms.
This station is also the first aboveground station on Line 6.

text:
# Sinnae Station

**Sinnae station** (Korean: 신내역; Hanja: 新內驛) is a railway station on the Gyeongchun Line and Seoul Subway Line 6. The station is located near the Sinnae train depot, which is the depot of Line 6. Line 6 currently only has 1 track and 1 platform, however, in the future, the Line 6 station will be expanded to 2 tracks and 2 platforms. This station is also the first aboveground station on Line 6.

## Station Layout

| **L3
Platform level** | Side platform, doors will open on the right | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| | Westbound | Line 6 toward Eungam (Bonghwasan) |

| **L2
Platform level** | Side platform, doors will open on the left | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| | Eastbound | **Gyeongchun Line** toward Chuncheon (Galmae) |
| | Westbound | **Gyeongchun Line** toward Sangbong, Cheongnyangni or Kwangwoon Univ. (Mangu) |
| |

| **L1
Concourse** | Lobby | Customer Service, Shops, Vending machines, ATMs |
| --- | --- | --- |

| **G** | Street level | Exit |
| --- | --- | --- |

Media related to Sinnae Station at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| **신내**
Sinnae   **신내**
**Sinnae** | |
| --- | --- |
| Station Building | |
|  | |
| Korean name | |
| Hangul | 신내역 |
| Hanja |  |
| Revised Romanization | *Sinnae-yeok* |
| McCune–Reischauer | *Sinnae-yŏk* |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Location | 320-2 Mangu-dong,
Jungnang-gu, Seoul |
| Coordinates | 37°36′46″N 127°06′12″E / 37.6129°N 127.1032°E / 37.6129; 127.1032 |
| Operated by | Korail, Seoul Metro |
| Line(s) | Gyeongchun Line
Line 6 |
| Platforms | 2 (Gyeongchun Line), 1 (Line 6) |
| Tracks | 2 (Gyeongchun Line), 1 (Line 6) |
| Construction | |
| Structure type | Aboveground |
| Other information | |
| Station code | 648 (Line 6)
P122 (Gyeongchun Line) |
| Key dates | |
| December 28, 2013 | Gyeongchun Line opened |
| December 21, 2019 | Line 6 opened |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station Seoul Metropolitan Subway Following station  Bonghwasantowards Eungam  Line 6  *Terminus*  Mangutowards Sangbong, Cheongnyangni or Kwangwoon University  Gyeongchun Line  Galmaetowards Chuncheon | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


abstract: The Thomas J. Dodd Prize in International Justice and Human Rights is awarded biennially by the University of Connecticut to an individual or group who has made a significant effort to advance the cause of international justice and global human rights. The Dodd Prize commemorates the distinguished career in public service of Thomas J. Dodd who, as Executive Trial Counsel at the Nuremberg Trials and Connecticut's U.S. Senator from 1959 to 1971, fought against human rights abuses in the United States and abroad. The prize carries a monetary award of $100,000 and a commemorative bronze bust of Thomas J. Dodd.

text:
# Thomas J. Dodd Prize in International Justice and Human Rights

The **Thomas J. Dodd Prize in International Justice and Human Rights** is awarded biennially by the University of Connecticut to an individual or group who has made a significant effort to advance the cause of international justice and global human rights.

The Dodd Prize commemorates the distinguished career in public service of Thomas J. Dodd who, as Executive Trial Counsel at the Nuremberg Trials and Connecticut's U.S. Senator from 1959 to 1971, fought against human rights abuses in the United States and abroad.

The prize carries a monetary award of $100,000 and a commemorative bronze bust of Thomas J. Dodd.

## Prize recipients

The Prize winners, per the Dodd Center for Human Rights:


title: The Ellis

abstract: The Ellis is a high-rise residential building in Uptown Charlotte, North Carolina. Construction was completed on June 23, 2021. The building was developed by Lennar and it is located between Eight and Ninth Streets on N College St fronting the Lynx Blue Line. The 3.5 acre lot was purchased from Levine Properties in 2017 for $23 million. Previously the property was a surface parking lot. It aligns with the ongoing project the North Tryon Vision which is working to revitalize a 50 square block area of North Tryon St, although the project is officially not part of the North Tryon Vision since it is located on North College Street.

text:
# The Ellis

**The Ellis** is a high-rise residential building in Uptown Charlotte, North Carolina. Construction was completed on June 23, 2021. The building was developed by Lennar and it is located between Eight and Ninth Streets on N College St fronting the Lynx Blue Line.

The 3.5 acre lot was purchased from Levine Properties in 2017 for $23 million. Previously the property was a surface parking lot. It aligns with the ongoing project the North Tryon Vision which is working to revitalize a 50 square block area of North Tryon St, although the project is officially not part of the North Tryon Vision since it is located on North College Street.

## Apartment Building

It consists of 549 apartments in two sections of the building. The primary section is a 6 story low-rise tower with 184 units and the other is 33 story tower with height of 384 feet, it contains 365 units. The low rise section has a more eclectic and relaxed feel with rent starting at $1,200 for a studio apartment. The high rise is more expansive and has refined modern spaces with rents starting at $1,500. 19,000 of ground level retail will also be included in the building. When it was completed it was one of the tallest multifamily buildings in the Charlotte area.

The Ellis ran into a number of challenges during construction. The development fills up almost the entire lot so materials could not lay around for very long. This required a lot of coordination with vendors. Also the building was built during the COVID-19 pandemic which caused a lot of cases of virus transmission among construction workers. The Charlotte Commercial Construction Group developed safety protocols for the Charlotte team to prevent the spread of the virus and allow construction work to safely continue. Part of these protocols were nightly cleanings of the construction site and daily worker health screenings.

Behind the development will be a private street called Ellis Lane which will front the Charlotte Rail Trail. This street will be used for farmer's markets, food trucks, and "Small Business Saturdays". Other amenities include work from home space, a fitness center, a salt water pool, and a bar overlooking First Ward Park.

A number of organizations are excited to see this building complete Michael Smith, president of Center City Partners, said this "This is a big move as we continue to transform the North Tryon district from many surface lots into a treasured TOD neighborhood". Charles Bowman, North Carolina market president of Bank of America, added "All of you who are a part of it or are going to be a part of it, thank you — if you’re not part of it yet, find another project, bring some capital to town and we’ll put it to work for you". Bank of America and Center City Partners, along a number of other organizations, are a part of the North Tryon Vision.

## Homewood Suites Uptown

In early 2018 Concord Hospitality paid $3 million for a .4 acre site at the corner of North College and East Eighth streets. As part of the Ellis project the first Homewood Suites in Uptown Charlotte was being built. It is a 13 story upscale extended stay hotel with 211 suites. The hotel will also have 4,00 square feet of ground floor retail, 3,500 square of flexible meeting space, a fitness center, pool, and lounge. The project is being developed by Concord Hospitality Enterprises Company and Charlotte-based Levine Properties. Other Charlotte area properties of Concord Hospitality include the AC Hotel in Ballantyne, Homewood Suites Charlotte Airport, and Kingsley's Courtyard by Marriott Charlotte Fort Mill. As of July 2023 Concord was in the midst of hiring housekeeping, reception, security and maintenance in order to open the hotel in August 2023.

The finished building in August 2023, a few weeks after the hotel opened.    * Media related to The Ellis at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| The Ellis | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Type | Residential |
| Location | 512 N College Street<br>Charlotte, North Carolina |
| Coordinates | 35°13′47″N 80°50′12″W / 35.22972°N 80.83667°W / 35.22972; -80.83667 |
| Construction started | April 2019 |
| Opening | June 2021 |
| Owner | Lennar |
| Height | |
| Roof | 117 m (384 ft) |
| Technical details | |
| Floor count | 33 |
| Design and construction | |
| Developer | Lennar |
| Other information | |
| Parking | On site parking garage |
| Public transit access | 9th Street |


title: Trish Suhr

abstract: Patricia Kelley "Trish" Suhr is an American stand-up comedian, actress, television personality, and expert best as the "Yard Sale Diva" on Clean House, a home improvement television show on Style Network. In January 2018, she began hosting the Daily Draw drawings nightly on GSN.

text:
# Trish Suhr

**Patricia Kelley "Trish" Suhr** (born December 30, 1974, in Middlesboro, Kentucky) is an American stand-up comedian, actress, television personality, and expert best as the "Yard Sale Diva" on *Clean House*, a home improvement television show on Style Network. In January 2018, she began hosting the *Daily Draw* drawings nightly on GSN.

## Career

Suhr toured the US in 2018. She was the "Yard Sale Diva" on more than 300 episodes of Style Network's *Clean House*. She was a guest on NBC's *The Office* and Comedy Central's *Reno 911!*, Suhr was a regular on FOX's syndicated series *Hollywood Today Live*. She was a recurring guest host on ABC's *FABLife* alongside Tyra Banks and Chrissy Teigen as well as on 20th Television's *The New Ricki Lake Show*.

She leads the Country Cool Comedy Tour. Suhr also lends her point-of-view as co-host of a podcast.

Suhr also voiced Bobby June on the "Bless Your Heart" segment of Blaine County Talk Radio in Rockstar Games' *Grand Theft Auto V*.

Suhr is a regular contributor to *Extra*, *Good Day LA*, *Good Day NY* as well as a variety of magazines and as the host of *National Lampoon’s Gamers*, WE's *Take My Kids Please*, CMT's *Family Secrets* and Lifetime's *Great American Cook-off*. Known for her quick wit and razor-sharp perspectives, Suhr frequently offers commentary for popular specials on outlets including ABC (*Good Morning America*), Bravo, E!, CMT, and VH-1. Suhr can be seen every weeknight hosting Game Show Network's *Daily Draw* since 2018.

## Personal life

Trish lives in Los Angeles, with her husband Jayce and their 2 dogs.

She married Dave McCoul May 15, 2010, in Cancun, Mexico. She is living in California in 2018. She was divorced in 2019 and married her second husband, Jayce Fincher (bass player for The Marvelous 3 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marvelous\_3) June 30, 2020, in Topanga, CA.

## InfoBox

| Trish Suhr | |
| --- | --- |
| Birth name | Patricia Kelley Suhr |
| Born | (1974-12-30) December 30, 1974<br>Middlesboro, Kentucky |
| Spouse | *   Dave McCoul  (m. 2010; div. 2019) *   Jayce Fincher (m. 2020) |


title: PTIK Stadium

abstract: PTIK Stadium is a football stadium in the City of South Jakarta, Indonesia. The stadium has a capacity of 3,000 people. The stadium is owned by the Indonesian National Police. It is located in the center of POLRI Institute for Higher Learning (PTIK) and is the home base of PSJS Jakarta Selatan and Bhayangkara Football Club.

text:
# PTIK Stadium

**PTIK Stadium** is a football stadium in the City of South Jakarta, Indonesia. The stadium has a capacity of 3,000 people.

The stadium is owned by the Indonesian National Police. It is located in the center of POLRI Institute for Higher Learning (PTIK) and is the home base of PSJS Jakarta Selatan and Bhayangkara Football Club.

## InfoBox

PTIK Stadium
| PTIK StadiumLocation in Jakarta | |
| --- | --- |
| Address | Jalan Tirtayasa Raya No. 6, Melawai, South Jakarta, Jakarta
Indonesia |
| Location | Kebayoran Baru, South Jakarta, Jakarta |
| Coordinates | 6°14′42″S 106°48′24″E / 6.244878°S 106.806761°E / -6.244878; 106.806761 |
| Owner | Indonesian National Police |
| Operator | Indonesian National Police |
| Capacity | 3,000 |
| Surface | Grass field |
| Tenants | |
| PSJS
Bhayangkara
Maluku Utara United (2023–) | |


title: The Buck Pets

abstract: The Buck Pets were an American alternative rock band formed in the late 1980s in Dallas, Texas. They were clearly influenced by earlier bands such as The Replacements, Buzzcocks and The Jesus and Mary Chain but incorporated better production values and more overt nods to classic rock than their college rock/punk predecessors. The band seemed to get a degree of support from their record label, Island, for their first two LPs, the hard edged The Buck Pets, and the more melodic follow up Mercurotones. On the eve of the release of Mercurotones, Island was bought by PolyGram- the A&R staff were let go and projects were shelved while the new owners evaluated their new property. Support for The Buck Pets was then almost non-existent. The band also had opening spots on tour with larger acts such as Neil Young and Jane's Addiction, but in the end, The Buck Pets failed to see commercial success. As a coda, The Buck Pets released the more restrained, melancholy album To the Quick in 1993 on the independent label Restless. On April 10, 2010, The Buck Pets reunited for a one night show at the club Trees in the Deep Ellum area of Dallas, Texas and released RARES a collection of rare and previously unreleased material.

text:
# The Buck Pets

**The Buck Pets** were an American alternative rock band formed in the late 1980s in Dallas, Texas. They were clearly influenced by earlier bands such as The Replacements, Buzzcocks and The Jesus and Mary Chain but incorporated better production values and more overt nods to classic rock than their college rock/punk predecessors.

The band seemed to get a degree of support from their record label, Island, for their first two LPs, the hard edged *The Buck Pets*, and the more melodic follow up *Mercurotones*. On the eve of the release of *Mercurotones*, Island was bought by PolyGram\- the A&R staff were let go and projects were shelved while the new owners evaluated their new property. Support for The Buck Pets was then almost non-existent.

The band also had opening spots on tour with larger acts such as Neil Young (Ragged Glory Tour) and Jane's Addiction, but in the end, The Buck Pets failed to see commercial success.

As a coda, The Buck Pets released the more restrained, melancholy album *To the Quick* in 1993 on the independent label Restless.

On April 10, 2010, The Buck Pets reunited for a one night show at the club Trees in the Deep Ellum area of Dallas, Texas and released *RARES (and unreleased)* a collection of rare and previously unreleased material.

## Members

* Tony Alba – drums
* Ian Beach – bass
* Ricky Pearson – drums (To the Quick)
* Chris Savage – guitar, vocals
* Chuck Smith – bass (The Sound of Deep Ellum)
* Andy Thompson – guitar, lead vocals

## Discography

Albums Singles

| Year | Title | Chart positions | Album |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | US Modern Rock | |
| 1991 | "Libertine" | 25 | *Mercurotones* |

## InfoBox

| The Buck Pets | |
| --- | --- |
| The Buck Pets (ca. 1989) | |
| Background information | |
| Origin | Dallas, Texas, United States |
| Genres | Alternative rock, hardcore punk |
| Years active | 1986–1993, 2010 |
| Labels | Island, Restless |
|  | |
| Past members | Andy Thompson
Chris Savage
Ian Beach
Tony Alba
Chuck Smith
Ricky Pearson |


title: Umrao Singh

abstract: Umrao Singh Yadav was an Indian recipient of the Victoria Cross (VC), the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. He was a non-commissioned officer in the Royal Artillery or the Royal Indian Artillery to be awarded the Victoria Cross during the Second World War, and the last survivor of only 40 Indian soldiers to be awarded the VC between 1912, when Indians first became eligible to be awarded the VC, to Indian independence in 1947.

text:
# Umrao Singh

**Umrao Singh Yadav**  (21 November 1920 – 21 November 2005) was an Indian recipient of the Victoria Cross (VC), the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. He was a non-commissioned officer in the Royal Artillery or the Royal Indian Artillery to be awarded the Victoria Cross during the Second World War, and the last survivor of only 40 Indian soldiers to be awarded the VC between 1912, when Indians first became eligible to be awarded the VC, to Indian independence in 1947.

## Early life

Umrao Singh Yadav, son of Mohar Singh, was born into a Hindu Ahir family in Palra, a small village in Jhajjar district in Haryana (then the Rohtak district of undivided Punjab), 50 km north of Delhi.

He attended a local school and joined the Indian Army during World War II in November 1939. He was promoted to Havildar (Sergeant) in the Royal Indian Artillery, Indian Army in 1942.

## Award

On the night of 15 to 16 December 1944 in the Kaladan valley, Burma, Umrao Singh was a field gun detachment commander in an advanced section of the 33 Mountain Battery, 30th Mountain Regiment, Indian Artillery, serving on detachment as part of the 81st West African Division in Viscount Slim's British 14th Army, supporting the advance of the XV Corps on the Arakan. Singh's gun was in an advanced position, supporting the 8th Gold Coast Regiment. After a 90-minute sustained bombardment from 75 mm guns and mortars from the Japanese 28th Army, Singh's gun position was attacked by at least two companies of Japanese infantry. He used a Bren light machine gun and directed the rifle fire of the gunners, holding off the assault. He was wounded by two grenades.

A second wave of attackers killed all but Singh and two other gunners, but was also beaten off. The three soldiers had only a few bullets remaining, and these were rapidly exhausted in the initial stages of the assault by a third wave of attackers. Undaunted, Singh picked up a "gun bearer" (a heavy iron rod, similar to a crow bar) and used that as a weapon in hand-to-hand fighting. He was seen to strike down three infantrymen, fatally wounded, before succumbing to a rain of blows.

Six hours later, after a counter-attack, he was found alive but unconscious near to his artillery piece, almost unrecognisable from a head injury, still clutching his gun bearer. Ten Japanese soldiers lay dead nearby and seven critically wounded. His field gun was back in action later that day.

## Later life

Singh was presented with his VC by King George VI at Buckingham Palace on 15 October 1945. The citation reads "Havildar Umrao Singh set a supreme example of gallantry and devotion to duty."

He was promoted after recovering from his wounds. He retired from the British Indian army in 1946, but rejoined the army in 1947 following independence. On 1 February 1950, Singh was promoted to the junior commissioned officer rank of *jemadar* (equivalent to the present-day rank of *naib subedar*). He was promoted to subedar major on 2 May 1968, and to the honorary rank of captain on 15 August 1970. After leaving the army a second time, he returned to farm his family's 2 acre (8,000 m2) smallholding.

At the celebrations of the 50th anniversary of VE Day in London in 1995, he was almost turned away from the VIP tent because his name was not on the correct list, but Brigadier Tom Longland, who had organised the event, recognised his medal and gave orders for him to be admitted. After the event, Singh complained to British Prime Minister John Major about the meagre pension of 168 per year paid to the then ten surviving Indian VC holders. The amount had remained fixed since 1960, but Major subsequently arranged for the pension to be raised to £1,300 per year. He was awarded the Padma Bhushan in 1983.

He attended the service of dedication of the Victoria Cross and George Cross Memorial in Westminster Abbey on 14 May 2003. In his book 'Toward Resurgent India', Lt. Gen. (Retd.) M. M. Lakhera, PVSM, AVSM, VSM writes:

> I had gone to UK in 1995 as Deputy Leader of the Indian Delegation to take part in the 50th Anniversary celebrations of the victory in Europe during the Second World War. I, along with four other Army officers, had just stepped out after attending the inaugural session and were waiting on the roadside for the traffic to ease so as to walk across the road to the vehicle park. Among those with me was Honorary Captain Umrao Singh, a Victoria Cross winner. All of a sudden, a car moving on the road came to a halt in front of us and a well-dressed gentleman stepped out. He approached Umrao Singh and said, "Sir, may I have the privilege of shaking hands with the Victoria Cross (winner)?" He shook hands with him. Evidently he had spotted Umrao Singh's medal from his car and had stopped his car to pay his respect to a winner of the highest gallantry medal of his country. Then he looked at me and said, "General, you are from the Indian Army." When I replied in the affirmative, he gave out his name, saying that he was Michael Heseltine. I was absolutely astounded, as the recognition dawned on me that he was the Deputy Prime Minister of \[the\] UK. I was totally overawed by such courtesy shown by a dignitary of the second highest status in the British Government, and humbly thanked him for having invited our delegation for the VE-Day function. Again, his reply was typical of his sagacity, "General, it is we, the British, who should be grateful to your country and your Armed Forces, who had helped us win both the First and the Second world wars. How can we be ever so ungrateful to forget your country's great contribution?" Suddenly I became conscious that all the traffic behind his car had come to stand still. I hurried to thank him and politely requested him to move along to relieve the traffic hold-up. He stated, "Sir, how dare I drive off when \[the\] Victoria Cross has to cross the road." Realizing his genuine feeling I and my colleagues quickly crossed the road. Reaching the other side I looked back and saw that Mr. Hailstine was still standing waiting for the Victoria Cross to be safely across.

After being diagnosed with prostate cancer in July 2005, he died, at the Army Research and Referral hospital in New Delhi on his 85th birthday, 21 November 2005. He was cremated in his native village with full military honours, attended by Bhupinder Singh Hooda (Chief Minister of Haryana), General Joginder Jaswant Singh (Army Chief), and Lt Gen Charanjit Singh (Director General of Artillery). His wife, Vimla pre-deceased him, but he was survived by two sons and a daughter.

In spite of personal hardship and receiving substantial offers, Singh refused to sell his medal during his lifetime, saying that selling the medal would "stain the honour of those who fell in battle".

His name was the last one to be added to the memorial of Victoria Cross winners of the Royal Artillery in the apse of St George's Garrison Church in Woolwich, London, near the Royal Artillery Barracks.

## Awards

|  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |
|

| Padma Bhushan | General Service Medal 1947 | Samanya Seva Medal | Samar Seva Star |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Raksha Medal | Indian Independence Medal | 20 Years Long Service Medal | 9 Years Long Service Medal |
| Victoria Cross | 1939–45 Star | Burma Star | War Medal 1939-1945 |
| India Service Medal | Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal | Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Medal | Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal |
|

## InfoBox

| Captain
Umrao Singh Yadav
VC | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1920-11-21)21 November 1920
Palra, Haryana, India |
| Died | 21 November 2005(2005-11-21) (aged 85)
New Delhi, India |
| Allegiance | British India
India |
| Service/branch | British Indian Army
Indian Army |
| Years of service | 1939–1970 |
| Rank | Hon. Captain (Subedar-Major) Indian Army |
| Unit | Royal Indian Artillery
Regiment of Artillery |
| Battles/wars |  |
| Awards | Victoria Cross
Padma Bhushan |


abstract: The Military Information Division (MID) was the first military intelligence branch of the United States Army and the United States Department of War, operating from 1885 to 1903.

text:
# Military Information Division (United States)

The **Military Information Division (MID)** was the first military intelligence branch of the United States Army and the United States Department of War, operating from 1885 to 1903.

## History

The MID was established by Brigadier General Richard C. Drum, the then Adjutant General of the United States Army in October 1885 under his office in Washington, DC. Thus becoming the de facto first standing military intelligence agency of the United States. While the Union Army had a Bureau of Military Information, it reported to the Commanding General for less than a year prior to being disbanded at the end of the Civil War in 1865.

The original duties of the MID consisted of collecting military data on foreign nations. Drum also asked senior Army commanders to have their officers to submit intelligence reports from their travels to foreign nations. "Initially, the division acted as a relatively passive repository for military related information." In 1889, the MID saw the formation of, directed and controlled what became the Defense Attaché System, with United States Armed Forces officers being dispatched to London, Berlin, Paris, Vienna, and St. Petersburg. The Secretary of War, Redfield Proctor, required all information from the attachés to be analysed by the MID. "By 1898, the MID had 16 attaché posts in Europe, Mexico, and Japan. Until the early 1940s, the attaché system constituted the foundation of the Army’s strategic collection effort."

### Spanish–American War

With the beginning of the Spanish–American War in April 1898, the United States Army entered a conflict with existing military intelligence preparation for the first time. Since 1882, the MID had been collecting terrain and order of battle intelligence on the Spanish in Cuba and the Caribbean and had consequently produced detailed maps of likely theaters of operation. Such intelligence was assisted by the reports of the United States Army attaché in Madrid, Captain Tasker H. Bliss who became the Chief of Staff of the United States Army, on Spanish deployments in the region. In April 1898, the Chief of MID, Major Arthur L. Wagner ordered two experienced military observers of MID to be deployed to the region to collect specific information on Spanish defence capabilities before the deployment of American forces. First Lieutenant Andrew S. Rowan was deployed to Cuba and First Lieutenant Henry H. Whitney was deployed to Puerto Rico. "As the war progressed, the MID published comprehensive handbooks for both Caribbean countries." The Spanish–American War ended in August 1898 with an American victory.

### Philippine–American War

After the American naval victory in the Battle of Manila Bay of May 1898, the American troops were deployed to the Philippines in July 1898. With American victory in the Spanish–American War in August 1898, fighting broke out as the Filipinos sought independence. This led to the Philippine–American War in June 1899. Consequently, the American Military Governor of the Philippines formed the Bureau of Insurgent Records (BIR) to translate and collate captured documents and to provide information about the Filipino forces beyond tactical reconnaissance. In December 1900, the bureau became the Division of Military Information (DMI) under the United States Military Government of the Philippines and was responsible for military intelligence and counterinsurgency capabilities. The Chief of DMI, Captain Ralph Van Deman who had served on the staff of the Chief of MID Major Arthur L. Wagner and was later called the "Father of American Military Intelligence", expanded the capabilities of the DMI to include a mapping section, improved liaison with other agencies, relayed intelligence to the field commanders, provided photographs and descriptions of known Filipino insurgents, and coordinated localised intelligence officers to gather information on the surrounding terrain, attitudes of local villagers, and the dispositions of Filipino insurgent groups. In 1902, the DMI became a branch the MID with the end of the Philippine–American War in July 1902.

## Reorganisation into Army General Staff

In 1903, Secretary of War Elihu Root reorganised the United States Department of War and also established the United States Army General Staff to coordinate and perform administrative, planning and intelligence functions. The Second Division of the United States Army General Staff consequently acquired the MID from the Adjutant General's Office. The Second Division was given four major duties: collecting and disseminating information on foreign countries; directing the work of the attaché system; supervising mapping, and maintaining a reference collection. "For the moment, the intelligence function had achieved equal standing with other staff missions."

## Further reading

* Theoharis, Athan G.; Rosenfeld, Susan (1999). *The FBI: A Comprehensive Reference Guide*. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-89774-991-6.
* Records of the Military Intelligence Division
* Army Lineage Series: Military Intelligence
* Rice, Donald Tunnicliff (2016). *Cast in Deathless Bronze: Andrew Rowan, The Spanish–American War, and the Origins of American Empire*. The West Virginia University Press. ISBN 978-1-943665-43-3.


title: Vivian E. Browne

abstract: Vivian E. Browne was an American artist. Born in Laurel, Florida, Browne was mostly known for her painting series called Little Men and her Africa series. She is also known for linking abstraction to nature in her tree paintings and in a series of abstract works made with layers of silk that were influenced by her travels to China. She was an activist, professor, and has received multiple awards for her work. According to her mother, Browne died at age 64 from bladder cancer.

text:
# Vivian E. Browne

**Vivian E. Browne** (April 26, 1929July 23, 1993) was an American artist. Born in Laurel, Florida, Browne was mostly known for her painting series called *Little Men* and her *Africa* series. She is also known for linking abstraction to nature in her tree paintings and in a series of abstract works made with layers of silk that were influenced by her travels to China. She was an activist, professor, and has received multiple awards for her work. According to her mother, Browne died at age 64 from bladder cancer.

## Biography

Vivian Browne was born in Laurel, Florida, on April 26, 1929. She spent most of her life in South Jamaica, Queens in New York City and Kern County, California. She received her Bachelor of Science in 1950 from Hunter College, New York, NY and a Master of Fine Arts from Hunter College in 1959. Her early painting career was fostered by a scholarship from the New School for Social Research, and a Huntington Hartford Foundation fellowship in 1964 and a fellowship with the MacDowell Colony.

She was invested in her travels across Europe and Africa, also studying at the University of Ibadan in Nigeria in 1972. Browne worked at Rutgers University in Newark from 1971 to 1992 as a faculty member of the Arts and Sciences department while continuing as an artist in her own right with shows across the country.

## Career

Browne was a founder of SoHo 20 Gallery, one of the first women's art cooperatives in Manhattan. She had many solo exhibitions there during her lifetime, as well as exhibitions at the Bronx Museum, University of California, Santa Cruz and Western Michigan University. Browne was part of a number of feminist artist organizations including Where We At \- Black Women Artists Collective, Inc., the Women's Caucus for Art and Heresies. Her work was exhibited at Just Above Midtown gallery (JAM) and in the exhibition *Tradition and Conflict: Images of a Turbulent Decade, 1963-1973* at the Studio Museum in Harlem in 1985.

In 2017, Browne was posthumously included in the exhibition *We Wanted a Revolution: Black Radical Women, 1965–85,* organized by the Brooklyn Museum. In 2018, her work was also shown in *Acts of Art and Rebuttal in 1971*, an exhibition at Hunter College that revisited the 1971 exhibition *Rebuttal to the Whitney Museum Exhibition: Black Artists in Rebuttal* organized by members of the Black Emergency Cultural Coalition (BECC) to protest the Whitney Museum's refusal to appoint a Black curator for their survey *Contemporary Black Artists in America*. Browne had been considered for the Whitney's exhibition but was ultimately not included. She was a founding member of the BECC, with Benny Andrews, Cliff Joseph, Reginald Gammon, among others. She showed at MoMA PS1's space in the Clocktower Gallery in 1986.

In addition to her career as an artist, Browne was a teacher and professor, working in high schools and colleges throughout New York and New Jersey. Browne joined the Rutgers University faculty in 1970, where she taught in the art department from 1975 to 1991. She taught the History of Black Art at Rutgers University, and served as chair of the department from 1975 to 1978. In 1985 she received full professorship at Rutgers, becoming the first African American, and second woman, to do so.

## Collections

Browne's work is housed in public and private collections all over the United States, primarily in New York and California. Most notably her work can be found in the collections of the Smithsonian with the Robert Blackburn (artist) printmaking workshop, MOMA, the Schomburg Center NYC, Chase Manhattan Bank the John Cotton Dana Library, the Hatch-Billops Collection, the Wadsworth Atheneum Museum, The New York Public Library and the Harry Belafonte & Rosa Parks private collections. Browne is included in the Center for the Women in the Arts and Humanities virtual exhibit at Rutgers University.

## Activism

Browne participated in activist movements in the New York art scene of the 1960s and 1970s, including the Harlem on My Mind protest and BECC protests at the Whitney Museum of American Art. Many of Browne's works, particularly those from the 1960s, showcase her dissatisfaction with the struggles of growing up as a disenfranchised black woman. "Black art is political. If it's not political, it's not black art". While she fought for equality, she was not optimistic about attitudes changing soon, and self categorized her look at art into two categories. "When I am political, I am painting as a black or as a woman or both. Otherwise, I am just a member of the human race."

Browne contributed to, and served as an advisor to, *HERESIES: A Feminist Publication on Art and Politics*, including serving on the editorial collective for issue #15, Racism is the Issue.

## Achievements

In addition to serving as a professor and department chair at Rutgers, Browne was honored most notably for her political works showcasing her life as a black woman. She served as a Fulbright panelist in 1990, and spent much of her time in the 70s and 80s in exhibit curation and symposia. Her many experiences as a panelist include the 1971 NYC's Art Student's League's Symposium on Afro-American Art, the 1973, 1974 and 1976 National Conference of Artists and the NEA amongst others. She was also part of the Soho20 Chelsea, a Broome Street gallery. Additionally, she has been featured in over 80 group and solo exhibitions, including at the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) and the Orlando Gallery and the Black Art Festival in Atlanta, Georgia.

## Publications

* 2022 *Vivian Browne - Africa Series*, 1971-1974, exhibition catalog published by Ryan Lee Gallery
* 2021 *The "Soul of a Nation" Reader: Writings by and about Black American Artists, 1960-1980*, published by Gregory R. Miller & Co., pg. 475
* 2019 *Vivian Browne - Little Men*, exhibition catalog published by Ryan Lee Gallery
* 1999 "Norman Lewis: Interview, August 29, 1974", *Artist and Influence: The Journal of Black American Cultural History*, no. 18
* 1998 SIGNS, Journal of Women in Culture and Society, Cover Illustration, published by the University of Chicago
* 1998 African American Art, Oxford University Press pg.217
* 1998 Not for Sale: Cat and Art in the USA During the 1970s, a video tape and book by Laura Cottingham, Hawkeye Productions, New York, NY
* 1986 Heresies Magazine, Illustration, 15th Issue
* 1985 Artists and Influences, Hatch-Billops Collection, Inc.
* 1980 Heresies Magazine, Illustration, 9th Issue
* 1979 Heresies Magazine, Photo essay on China, 8th Issue
* 1975 Ararat Magazine,
* 1973 Impressions, Contributor to: 8x10 Art Portfolio (1971–73), published by the Printmaking Workshop, New York, NY,
* 1972 Attica Book
* 1972 "Afro-American Art, Annotated Bibliography", published by the New York City Board of Education

## Awards

Vivian Browne was the recipient of multiple awards throughout her life.

## InfoBox

| Vivian E. Browne | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1929-04-26)April 26, 1929
Laurel, Florida, United States |
| Died | July 23, 1993(1993-07-23) (aged 64)
Manhattan, New York, United States |
| Education | Hunter College |
| Known for | Painting |
| Movement | feminist art movement |


title: Volumetric pricing

abstract:
Volumetric pricing is a pricing strategy frequently used by the public utilities where the fixed costs of the service are recovered proportionally to the amount of use. For example, under this approach a per-kWh pricing of an electric utility includes a small share of the monthly fixed cost of the utility, fixed charges for the service are either absent of inconsequential. The volumetric pricing, in addition to the easy-to-understand structure, encourages the customers to lower the use of the resource. For example, if the fixed costs of the electricity service were recovered through the monthly fixed payments, then the per-unit price would have been much lower thus encouraging additional consumption. Conversely, the volumetric price disincentivizes the utility from investing in conservation: if the customers will use less of the resources, the utility sales will shrink, reducing the fixed-cost portion and causing the lost revenues and under-investment. Therefore this pricing strategy is typically coupled at the regulatory level with an annual rate adjustment mechanism. Volumetric pricing requires metering that can be expensive to implement, especially in the case of irrigation, alternatives include:
  - flat rate;
  - per-area pricing, coupled with tiered pricing;
  - a system of water rights or quotas;
  - input pricing as a percentage of the cost of certain input(s), e.g., seed;
  - output pricing as a percentage of product sales. For the electricity services, the number of alternatives is larger, Borenstein provides a review of the ways that can be used by the electric utilities to recover the fixed costs.

text:
# Volumetric pricing

**Volumetric pricing** is a pricing strategy frequently used by the public utilities (e.g., water and power tariffs) where the fixed costs of the service are recovered proportionally to the amount of use. For example, under this approach a per-kWh pricing of an electric utility includes a small share of the monthly fixed cost of the utility, fixed (say, monthly) charges for the service are either absent of inconsequential.

The volumetric pricing, in addition to the easy-to-understand structure, encourages the customers to lower the use of the resource. For example, if the (very significant) fixed costs of the electricity service were recovered through the monthly fixed payments, then the per-unit price would have been much lower thus encouraging additional consumption.

Conversely, the volumetric price disincentivizes the utility from investing in conservation: if the customers will use less of the resources, the utility sales will shrink, reducing the fixed-cost portion and causing the *lost revenues* and under-investment. Therefore this pricing strategy is typically coupled at the regulatory level with an annual rate adjustment mechanism (also known as *revenue-decoupling* policy).

Volumetric pricing requires metering that can be expensive to implement, especially in the case of irrigation, alternatives include:

* flat rate;
* *per-area pricing*, coupled with tiered pricing;
* a system of water rights or quotas;
* *input pricing* as a percentage of the cost of certain input(s), e.g., seed;
* *output pricing* as a percentage of product sales.

For the electricity services, the number of alternatives is larger, Borenstein provides a review of the ways that can be used by the electric utilities to recover the fixed costs.

## Sources


title: Volume–price trend

abstract: Volume–price trend (VPT) is a technical analysis indicator intended to relate price and volume in the stock market. VPT is based on a running cumulative volume that adds or subtracts a multiple of the percentage change in share price trend and current volume, depending upon the investment's upward or downward movements.

text:
# Volume–price trend

**Volume–price trend** (VPT) (sometimes **price–volume trend**) is a technical analysis indicator intended to relate price and volume in the stock market. VPT is based on a running cumulative volume that adds or subtracts a multiple of the percentage change in share price trend and current volume, depending upon the investment's upward or downward movements.

## Formula

$$\text{VPT}={\text{VPT}\_{\text{prev}+{\text{volume}\times {{\text{close}\_{\text{today}-{\text{close}\_{\text{prev} \over {\text{close}\_{\text{prev}}}}}}}}}}}$$

VPT total, i.e. the zero point, is arbitrary. Only the shape of the resulting indicator is used, not the actual level of the total.

VPT is similar to on-balance volume (OBV), but where OBV takes volume just according to whether the close was higher or lower, VPT includes how much higher or lower it was.

VPT is interpreted in similar ways to OBV. Generally, the idea is that volume is higher on days with a price move in the dominant direction, for example in a strong uptrend more volume on up days than down days. So, when prices are going up, VPT should be going up too, and when prices make a new rally high, VPT should too. If VPT fails to go past its previous rally high then this is a negative divergence, suggesting a weak move.

## Similar indicators

Other price × volume indicators:


title: Volumetric production payment

abstract: A volumetric production payment (VPP) deal is a means of financing that has been used in the oil and gas industry for several decades. A VPP involves the owner of an oil and gas property selling a percentage of their production in exchange for an upfront cash payment. Typically, smaller exploration and production companies are seen utilizing VPP agreements as it allows them to raise capital while retaining full ownership of their property and not diluting their company’s equity position.

text:
# Volumetric production payment

A **volumetric production payment** (VPP) deal is a means of financing that has been used in the oil and gas industry for several decades. A VPP involves the owner of an oil and gas property selling a percentage of their production in exchange for an upfront cash payment. Typically, smaller exploration and production companies are seen utilizing VPP agreements as it allows them to raise capital while retaining full ownership of their property and not diluting their company’s equity position.

## Mining sector

In 2004, mining entrepreneur Ian Telfer created Silver Wheaton which aimed to apply volumetric production payment transactions to the mining sector. The business model came to be known as metal streaming and structures VPP transactions in such a way that an upfront payment is exchanged for a percentage of metal production, with a fixed payment being made for each ounce of metal delivered. The model has proven to be wildly successful as Silver Wheaton became a multibillion-dollar company within a few years of operation. Franco Nevada Corp., Royal Gold Inc. and Sandstorm Gold Ltd. are other companies that have deployed the metal streaming business model.

In the oil and gas industry Chesapeake Energy is the most visible user of VPPs, having raised around $5 billion in operating capital since 2008 without creating debt on its books or diluting shareholders by issuing more stock. Under a VPP a bank or hedge fund actually purchases and receives title to a portion of the mineral reserves in an oil and gas lease or group of leases. This raises legal issues when the VPP seller (usually the operator of the lease(s) and subject to a joint operating agreement with its co tenants) sells and conveys a portion of the mineral reserves in place in which it owns an undivided interest and then retains for itself all of the upfront VPP cash payment without sharing it with its co tenants (other working interest owners).

VPPs are carefully structured as sales of real property interests to satisfy IRS and FASB rules and standards to defer taxable gains to the VPP seller and protect the VPP buyer in the event of the seller's bankruptcy. The mineral reserves are conveyed by the VPP seller to the VPP purchaser in legal instruments that are recorded in the counties where the mineral reserves are located.