title: NAVi5

abstract: The "New Advanced Vehicle with Intelligence 5-speed" was an automated manual transmission developed by Isuzu Motors Ltd. of Japan, and introduced in August 1984. It was initially developed for use in trucks, but was first made available in Isuzu's Aska sedan and subsequently the Gemini and their other Japanese domestic market vehicles. It preceded the likes of Alfa Romeo’s Selespeed and Opel’s Easytronic by more than a decade. It was superseded by the Smoother transmission in newer trucks.

text:
# NAVi5

The "**N**ew **A**dvanced **V**ehicle with **I**ntelligence **5**-speed" (**NAVi5**, also sometimes written "NAVI5" or "NAVI-5") was an automated manual transmission developed by Isuzu Motors Ltd. of Japan, and introduced in August 1984. It was initially developed for use in trucks, but was first made available in Isuzu's Aska sedan and subsequently the Gemini and their other Japanese domestic market vehicles. It preceded the likes of Alfa Romeo’s *Selespeed* and Opel’s *Easytronic* by more than a decade. It was superseded by the **Smoother** transmission in newer trucks.

## Models

The NAVi5 was used in the following Isuzu vehicles:

| Model | Years |
| --- | --- |
| Aska | August 1984-1989 |
| Gemini (2nd generation) | April 1986-? |
| Elf (Light-duty truck) | 1986-? |
| Cubic (Bus) | 1989-? |

Isuzu added the NAVi6, a six-speed version, to the following trucks:

| Model | Years |
| --- | --- |
| Forward (Medium-duty truck) | ?-? |
| 810 (Heavy-duty truck) | September 1986-? |

## Features

Unlike "traditional" automatic gearboxes with a torque converter and planetary gears, the mechanical aspects of the NAVi5 are identical to those of a conventional five-speed manual transmission with a dry-clutch. The shifting and clutch operations though, are done automatically by two hydraulic actuators connected to an electronic computer (an 8-bit unit with 8 KB ROM and 192 KB RAM).

The early version of the NAVi5 only had an automatic mode with an ability to lock out certain gears, thus operating in a manner similar to a traditional automatic. The later version added a manual mode, enabling the driver to select specific gears. The NAVi5 also came with autocruise and Hill-Start Aid as standard features.

A Japanese television commercial for the Aska heralded NAVi5 as “Not a manual, not a torque converter.”

## Reception

The customer reactions toward the NAVi5 were mixed. Some liked the more “direct” feel and better fuel economy it offered compared to those of typical automatic gearboxes. Others, however, were turned off by what they felt as awkward shifting program and the acceleration gap during shifting. The NAVi5 also required gentle throttle operations when accelerating from standstill since it didn't offer creep function.

It was outsold by the conventional manual and automatic gearboxes in both the Aska and Gemini and subsequently dropped in the next generation Gemini. (Isuzu stopped manufacturing the Aska in-house after the first generation.)


title: Naarda leucopis

abstract: Naarda leucopis is a species of moth in the family Noctuidae first described by George Hampson in 1902.

text:
# Naarda leucopis

***Naarda leucopis*** is a species of moth in the family Noctuidae first described by George Hampson in 1902.

## InfoBox

| *Naarda leucopis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Erebidae |
| Genus: | *Naarda* |
| Species: | ***N. leucopis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Naarda leucopis***<br>Hampson, 1902 | |
|


title: NForce 600

abstract: The nForce 600 chipset was released in the first half of November 2006, coinciding with the GeForce 8 series launch on November 8, 2006. The nForce 600 supports Intel's LGA 775 socket and AMD's Quad FX platform and replaces the nForce 500 series.

text:
# NForce 600

The **nForce 600** chipset was released in the first half of November 2006, coinciding with the GeForce 8 series launch on November 8, 2006. The nForce 600 supports Intel's LGA 775 socket and AMD's Quad FX platform and replaces the nForce 500 series.

## AMD chipsets

### nForce 680a SLI

Specially made for the AMD Quad FX platform proposed by AMD, providing a total of two CPUs and multiple graphic cards configuration (SLI) working on a single chipset.

* AMD Dual Dual-core Socket F
* Enthusiast multiple-GPU segment
* Support for HyperTransport 2.0
* 2 northbridges as *Media and Communications Processor (MCP)* equal to that of nForce 570 SLI MCP, each providing one x16 and one x8 PCI-E lanes and total 28 PCI-E lanes
* Total of 4 PCI-E x16 slots
    + Two of the x16 slots receive x8 PCI-E lanes bandwidth
* Additional PCI-E slots support (PCI-E x8/x4/x1 slots)
* Support of a total of 56 PCI-E lanes
* PCI slot(s)
* Support up to 4 non-registered DDR2 DIMM modules
* Support for EPP memory
* Support up to 12 SATA harddisks
* Support RAID configurations:
    + RAID 1
    + RAID 0+1
    + RAID 5
    + JBOD
* 4 onboard Gigabit Ethernet ports
* NVIDIA FirstPacket Technology
* Support up to 20 USB 2.0 ports
* Estimated price US$ 200 or more

### nForce 630a

## Intel chipsets

### nForce 680i SLI

NVIDIA nForce 680i SLI System Platform Processors (SPPs) and Media Communications Processors (MCPs) are the top-of-the-line motherboard for Intel users in the nForce 600 series.

* Support for Quad Core CPUs and 1333 MHz Front Side Bus
* Support for 1200 MHz SLI-Ready Memory with EPP
* Support for up to 46 PCI Express (PCIe) lanes
* Support for up to 10 USB 2.0 ports
* Support for 6 3 Gbit/s SATA and 2 PATA drives, which can be linked together in any combination of SATA and PATA to form a RAID 0, 1, 5, or 0+1
* NVIDIA nTune, a tool for easy overclocking and timing configurations
* HDA (Azalia) Audio
* Dual Onboard Gigabit Ethernet
* NVIDIA FirstPacket and DualNet

### nForce 680i LT SLI

* Support for Quad Core CPUs and 1333 MHz Front Side Bus
* Support for 800 MHz SLI-Ready Memory with EPP
* Support for up to 46 PCI Express (PCIe) lanes
* Support for up to 10 USB 2.0 ports
* Support for 6 3 Gbit/s SATA and 2 PATA drives, which can be linked together in any combination of SATA and PATA to form a RAID 0, 1, 5, or 0+1
* NVIDIA nTune, a tool for easy overclocking and timing configurations
* HDA (Azalia) Audio
* Single Onboard Gigabit Ethernet
* NVIDIA FirstPacket and DualNet

### nForce 650i SLI

* Intel LGA 775
* Performance/mainstream dual-GPU segment
* Estimated price US$150 or less

### nForce 650i Ultra

* Intel LGA 775
* Performance/mainstream single-GPU segment
* Estimated price US$150 or less

### nForce 630i

* Intel LGA 775
* IGP
* Single Channel DDR2 SDRAM memory
* Video outputs: HDMI, DVI with HDCP and D-Sub
* Value IGP segment
* No PureVideo

## nForce 680i SLI hotfix

NVIDIA has issued a fix named NV121906 in late December 2006 for 680i SLI motherboards. This hotfix was released because users have reported disconnect or write error issues with Serial ATA disk drives on their nForce 680i motherboards. It is an update specifically for SATA Disk Drives and system instability. System instability is observed in the following ways (not a complete list):

* Random application shutdown
* Corrupted boot drive
* BSOD (Blue screen of death)
* Corrupt data

To address them, BIOS updates were released for some NVIDIA nForce 680i SLI based motherboards that eliminate those symptoms. Affected motherboards include:

* EVGA nForce 680i SLI
* BFG nForce 680i SLI
* Biostar TF680i SLI Deluxe
* ECS PN2-SLI2+

This update is supposed to improve system stability and prevent future stability issues related to SATA disk drives on those systems requiring this hotfix. NVIDIA has strongly recommended that all customers upgrade their motherboards to the newest available BIOS revision that their nForce 680i-based motherboards could support, regardless of whether or not they have experienced the issues. Also, NVIDIA has stated that this upgrade will preserve the user's current computer settings.

## InfoBox

Nvidia nForce 600
| CPU supported | Athlon 64
Core 2 |
| --- | --- |
| Socket supported | LGA 775
Socket AM2
Socket AM3
Socket F |
| Miscellaneous | |
| Release date(s) | November 2006 |
| Predecessor | nForce 500 |
| Successor | nForce 700 |


title: Leptosteges sordidalis

abstract: Leptosteges sordidalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by William Barnes and James Halliday McDunnough in 1913. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Florida, Ohio, South Carolina and Ontario.

text:
# Leptosteges sordidalis

***Leptosteges sordidalis*** is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by William Barnes and James Halliday McDunnough in 1913. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Florida, Ohio, South Carolina and Ontario.

## InfoBox

| *Leptosteges sordidalis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Crambidae |
| Genus: | *Leptosteges* |
| Species: | ***L. sordidalis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Leptosteges sordidalis***<br>(Barnes & McDunnough, 1913) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Patissa sordidalis* Barnes & McDunnough, 1913 | |


title: The Friend of China

abstract: The Friend of China, officially The Friend of China and Hongkong Gazette from 1842 to 1859, was an influential English-language newspaper in early British Hong Kong and among European residents of the Qing Empire. Its first issue was published, as The Friend of China, on 17 March 1842. Upon the appearance of its second issue, 24 March 1842, the paper was amalgamated with the colonial government gazette, the Hong Kong Gazette. In 1845 the paper lost its government connection but retained the title of the Gazette. From this point the Friend of China adopted a generally antagonistic stance towards the colonial government, and spoke for the interests of the local European merchant community. A mainland edition of the paper, the Overland Friend of China, was published separately for a time. The Friend of China's final owner and editor, William Tarrant, purchased the paper in 1850 and, after taking part in numerous political controversies, was imprisoned for libel in 1859. The Friend of China ceased publication, before resuming briefly at Canton following Tarrant's release in 1860 until 1861, and then at Shanghai from 1863 to 1869. Tarrant sold the paper in 1869, and the Friend of China folded permanently shortly thereafter.

text:
# The Friend of China

***The Friend of China***, officially *The Friend of China and Hongkong Gazette* from 1842 to 1859, was an influential English-language newspaper in early British Hong Kong and among European residents of the Qing Empire. Its first issue was published, as *The Friend of China*, on 17 March 1842. Upon the appearance of its second issue, 24 March 1842, the paper was amalgamated with the colonial government gazette, the *Hong Kong Gazette*. In 1845 the paper lost its government connection but retained the title of the *Gazette*. From this point the *Friend of China* adopted a generally antagonistic stance towards the colonial government, and spoke for the interests of the local European merchant community. A mainland edition of the paper, the *Overland Friend of China*, was published separately for a time.

The *Friend of China*'s final owner and editor, William Tarrant, purchased the paper in 1850 and, after taking part in numerous political controversies, was imprisoned for libel in 1859. The *Friend of China* ceased publication, before resuming briefly at Canton following Tarrant's release in 1860 until 1861, and then at Shanghai from 1863 to 1869. Tarrant sold the paper in 1869, and the *Friend of China* folded permanently shortly thereafter.

## InfoBox

| The Friend of China | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Traditional Chinese | 中國之友<br>華友西報 |
| Transcriptions  Standard Mandarin  Hanyu Pinyin Zhōngguó zhī yǒu  Yue: Cantonese  Yale Romanization Jūng gwok jī yáuh  Jyutping Zung1 gwok3 zi1 jau5 | |
|  | |


title: No Holiday

abstract: No Holiday is the seventh and final studio album by American punk rock band The Muffs. It was released on October 18, 2019 under Omnivore Recordings. The album was the band's final release due to the death of lead vocalist Kim Shattuck on October 2, 2019.

text:
# No Holiday

Professional ratings
| Aggregate scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 84/100 |
| Review scores | |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *Blurt* |  |
| *Paste* | 7.9/10 |

***No Holiday*** is the seventh and final studio album by American punk rock band The Muffs. It was released on October 18, 2019 under Omnivore Recordings.

The album was the band's final release due to the death of lead vocalist Kim Shattuck on October 2, 2019.

## Critical reception

*No Holiday* was met with "universal acclaim" reviews from critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, this release received an average score of 84, based on 7 reviews.

### Accolades

Accolades for *No Holiday*
| Publication | Accolade | Rank |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Good Morning America | *Good Morning America*'s 50 Best Albums of 2019 | 25 |

## Track listing

*No Holiday* track listing
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "That's For Me" | 0:38 |
| 2. | "Down Down Down" | 1:33 |
| 3. | "No Holiday" | 2:27 |
| 4. | "Earth Below Me" | 2:02 |
| 5. | "A Lovely Day Boo Hoo" | 4:14 |
| 6. | "Late And Sorry" | 3:58 |
| 7. | "The Best" | 1:18 |
| 8. | "Pollyanna" | 1:31 |
| 9. | "Sick Of This Old World" | 2:47 |
| 10. | "To That Funny Place" | 2:06 |
| 11. | "You Talk And You Talk" | 3:16 |
| 12. | "Happier Just Being With You" | 2:32 |
| 13. | "Lucky Charm" | 2:00 |
| 14. | "On My Own" | 3:53 |
| 15. | "Too Awake" | 2:27 |
| 16. | "Insane" | 2:30 |
| 17. | "The Kids Have Gone Away" | 3:19 |
| 18. | "Sky" | 2:11 |

## Personnel

**Musicians*** Kim Shattuck – vocals, guitar, producer
* Ronnie Barnett – bass, vocals
* Kristian Hoffman – keyboard
* Roy McDonald – drums, percussion
* Melanie Vammen – organ

## Charts

Chart performance for *No Holiday*
| Chart (2019) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| US Independent Albums (*Billboard*) | 35 |

## InfoBox

| No Holiday | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by The Muffs | |
| Released | October 18, 2019 (2019-10-18) |
| Length | 44:42 |
| Label | Omnivore |
| Producer | Kim Shattuck |
| The Muffs chronology | |
| *Whoop Dee Doo*
(2014) ***No Holiday***
(2019) | |


title: MLB on 5 Live

abstract: MLB on 5 Live is the banner title for all live Major League Baseball commentary broadcast on BBC Radio 5 Live Sports Extra. The show began on July 4, 2010 and was originally hosted by Jonny Gould and Josh Chetwynd, with Nat Coombs hosting when Gould was unavailable. For the 2011 season, Coombs took over hosting duties from Gould on a full-time basis, with Simon Brotherton in turn covering when Coombs is unavailable. For the 2010 and 2011 Major League Baseball seasons, the show was typically aired live from 18:00 or 19:00 on a Sunday evening. unless there was a clash with 5 Live Sport Extra's other live commentary commitments. For 2012, this moved to Thursdays at 18:00 with Coombs & Chetwynd once again the presenting duo. MLB on 5 Live also broadcast special live commentary of Opening Day (2012–present), the All-Star Game (2010–present), as well as live coverage of every game of the World Series (2010–present). Coverage is also available to listen to on demand for a period of seven days after the original broadcast courtesy of BBC iPlayer.

text:
# MLB on 5 Live

**MLB on 5 Live** is the banner title for all live Major League Baseball commentary broadcast on BBC Radio 5 Live Sports Extra. The show began on July 4, 2010 and was originally hosted by Jonny Gould and Josh Chetwynd, with Nat Coombs hosting when Gould was unavailable. For the 2011 season, Coombs took over hosting duties from Gould on a full-time basis, with Simon Brotherton in turn covering when Coombs is unavailable.

For the 2010 and 2011 Major League Baseball seasons, the show was typically aired live from 18:00 or 19:00 on a Sunday evening. unless there was a clash with 5 Live Sport Extra's other live commentary commitments. For 2012, this moved to Thursdays at 18:00 with Coombs & Chetwynd once again the presenting duo.

MLB on 5 Live also broadcast special live commentary of Opening Day (2012–present), the All-Star Game (2010–present), as well as live coverage of every game of the World Series (2010–present).

Coverage is also available to listen to on demand for a period of seven days after the original broadcast courtesy of BBC iPlayer.


title: 13 Washington Square

abstract: 13 Washington Square is a 1928 American silent romantic comedy drama film directed by Melville W. Brown, written by Harry O. Hoyt and Walter Anthony, and starring Jean Hersholt, Alice Joyce, and George J. Lewis. It is based on a 1914 play of the same name by Leroy Scott. The film was released on April 8, 1928 by Universal Pictures.

text:
# 13 Washington Square

***13 Washington Square*** is a 1928 American silent romantic comedy drama film directed by Melville W. Brown, written by Harry O. Hoyt and Walter Anthony, and starring Jean Hersholt, Alice Joyce, and George J. Lewis. It is based on a 1914 play of the same name by Leroy Scott. The film was released on April 8, 1928 by Universal Pictures.

## Plot

As described in a film magazine, Mrs. de Peyster plans a trip to Europe with her son, Jack, hoping to break up a marriage between him and Mary Morgan, a grocer’s daughter. When Jack brings Mary to meet his aristocratic mother, she refuses to see the young woman. Jack decides to abandon the trip and marry Mary at once. On reaching the steamer, Mrs. de Peyster realizes that Jack does not intend to accompany her. Hoping to avoid newspaper reporters and to stop her son’s marriage, she exchanges clothes with her devoted cousin, who is in less fortunate circumstances. The cousin sails in her place and Mrs. de Peyster, with her maid, who poses as her sister, goes to cousin Olivetta’s boarding house. Deacon Pyecroft, a picture thief, who is planning to rob the de Peyster home, lives in the boarding house. When he meets Mrs. de Peyster and her maid, he mistakes them for fellow crooks and tries to make a deal with them. The terrified Mrs. de Peyster departs for her closed house, 13 Washington Square, as soon as night falls. Jack and Mary, on their way to be married, stop at 13 Washington Square to pick up some of Jack’s clothes. Deacon Pyecroft, thinking the coast is clear, also goes to 13 Washington Square. Many terrifying and ludicrous situations develop in different parts of the house before all is resolved.

## Cast

## Preservation

A copy of *13 Washington Square* is housed at UCLA Film and Television Archive and the Library of Congress.

## InfoBox

| 13 Washington Square | |
| --- | --- |
| Lobby card | |
| Directed by | Melville W. Brown |
| Written by | Harry O. Hoyt (adaptation)
Walter Anthony |
| Based on | *13 Washington Square*
by Leroy Scott |
| Produced by | Carl Laemmle |
| Starring | Jean Hersholt
Alice Joyce
George J. Lewis |
| Cinematography | John Stumar |
| Edited by | Ray Curtiss |
| Distributed by | Universal Pictures |
| Release date | * April 8, 1928 (1928-04-08) |
| Running time | 70 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | Silent (English intertitles) |


title: Notre-Dame-des-Champs, Ontario

abstract: Notre-Dame-des-Champs is a rural community on the northern edge of Mer Bleue in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada at the intersection of Navan Road and Mer Bleue Road. Prior to 2001 amalgamation, it was on the border between Cumberland and Gloucester. Today, in the Orléans South-Navan Ward. The population was approximately 1375 in 2006.

text:
# Notre-Dame-des-Champs, Ontario

**Notre-Dame-des-Champs** (Our Lady of the Fields) is a rural community on the northern edge of Mer Bleue in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada at the intersection of Navan Road and Mer Bleue Road. Prior to 2001 amalgamation, it was on the border between Cumberland and Gloucester. Today, in the Orléans South-Navan Ward. The population was approximately 1375 in 2006.

## Transportation

As of 2024, the community is served by two OC Transpo routes. Route 228 operates three trips per day in each direction, connecting Notre-Dame-des-Champs, Navan, and Sarsfield to Blair Station. Route 302 is a Shopper route that provides one free trip in each direction on Tuesdays, connecting Notre-Dame-des-Champs, Navan, Sarsfield, and Cumberland to shopping centres including Place d'Orléans, the Gloucester Centre, and the St-Laurent Centre.

45°25′44″N 75°29′10″W / 45.429°N 75.486°W / 45.429; -75.486

## InfoBox

| Notre-Dame-des-Champs | |
| --- | --- |
| Rural Community | |
| Paroisse Notre-Dame-des-Champs | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | Ontario |
| City | Ottawa |
| Government | |
| MPs | Marie-France Lalonde |
| MPPs | Stephen Blais |
| Councillors | Catherine Kitts |
| Population (2006) | |
| Total | 1,375 |
|  |  |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |


title: Vincent Grass

abstract: Vincent Grass is a Belgian actor. He has appeared in a number of both European and American film and television productions, the first being the Belgian television production Siska Van Roosemaal in 1973. Grass played Fiancé in Boris Szulzinger's Mama Dracula (1980) and Doctor Cornelius in the 2008 film The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian.

text:
# Vincent Grass

**Vincent Grass** (born 9 January 1949) is a Belgian actor. He has appeared in a number of both European and American film and television productions, the first being the Belgian television production *Siska Van Roosemaal* in 1973. Grass played Fiancé in Boris Szulzinger's *Mama Dracula* (1980) and Doctor Cornelius in the 2008 film *The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian*.

## Theater

| Year | Title | Author | Director | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1998 | *Death of a Salesman* | Arthur Miller | Régis Santon | Monfort-Théâtre |
| 2001 | *Staline mélodie* | David Pownall | Régis Santon (2) | Monfort-Théâtre |
| 2010 | *Dernière Station avant le désert* | Lanie Robertson | Georges Werler | Petit-Saint-Martin |
| 2014 | *Dom Juan* | Molière | Arnaud Denis | Théâtre 14 Jean-Marie Serreau |
|

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Director | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1973 | *Siska Van Roosemaal* | François Deprez | Dré Poppe | TV movie |
| 1976 | *Pallieter* |  | Roland Verhavert |  |
| 1977 | *Le mille-pattes fait des claquettes* |  | Jean Girault |  |
| | *Le loup blanc* |  | Jean-Pierre Decourt | TV movie |
| 1978 | *La filière* | Cyrille | Guy Lefranc | TV mini-series |
| | *Le temps des as* | Sagoud | Claude Boissol | TV mini-series |
| 1979 | *Lady Oscar* | An insolent soldier | Jacques Demy |  |
| | *La triple muerte del tercer personaje* |  | Helvio Soto |  |
| | *Commissaire Moulin* | The gas station owner | Claude Boissol | TV series (1 episode) |
| 1980 | *Mama Dracula* | Fiancé | Boris Szulzinger |  |
| | *Les amours du mal-aimé* | Albert | Marcel Camus | TV movie |
| | *Légitime défense* | Marc | Claude Grinberg | TV movie |
| 1981 | *La provinciale* |  | Claude Goretta |  |
| | *Anthelme Collet ou Le brigand gentillhomme* |  | Jean-Paul Carrère | TV mini-series |
| | *Cinéma 16* |  | Liliane de Kermadec | TV series (1 episode) |
| | *Commissaire Moulin* | Inspector Gervoise | Jean Kerchbron | TV series (1 episode) |
| 1982 | *Enigma* | Soviet W | Jeannot Szwarc |  |
| | *Smiley's People* | Bus Driver | Simon Langton | TV mini-series |
| 1983 | *Traversées* | The English cop | Mahmoud Ben Mahmoud |  |
| 1984 | *Le fou du roi* | A Belgian | Yvan Chiffre |  |
| | *Soldat Richter* |  | Jean Pignol | TV movie |
| 1985 | *Code Name: Emerald* | Tracker | Jonathan Sanger |  |
| | *Les colonnes du ciel* | Jontains | Gabriel Axel | TV mini-series |
| 1986 | *Crossings* | Schmidt | Karen Arthur | TV mini-series |
| 1987 | *Carnaval* |  | Ronny Coutteure |  |
| | *Race for the Bomb* | Hans Bethe | Jean-François Delassus & Allan Eastman | TV mini-series |
| | *Série noire* | A cop | Daniel Duval | TV series (1 episode) |
| 1988 | *To Kill a Priest* |  | Agnieszka Holland |  |
| | *King of the Olympics* | Baillet-Latour | Lee Philips | TV movie |
| 1989 | *Race for Glory* | Alex Vogt | Rocky Lang |  |
| | *Champagne Charlie* |  | Allan Eastman | TV movie |
| | *Tribunal* | Louis Algado | Jean-Pierre Prévost | TV series (1 episode) |
| | *Le masque* | Praslou | Marco Zerla | TV series (1 episode) |
| | *The Hitchhiker* | Police Officer | Bruno Gantillon & Robin Davis | TV series (3 episodes) |
| 1990 | *Uranus* | Ledieu | Claude Berri |  |
| | *L'Autrichienne* | Roussillon | Pierre Granier-Deferre |  |
| | *The Radicals* | Wolfgang Capito | Raul V. Carrera |  |
| | *Night of the Fox* | Greiser | Charles Jarrott | TV movie |
| | *The Saint: The Big Bang* | Voss | Paolo Barzman | TV movie |
| | *Counterstrike* |  | Michael Schock | TV series (1 episode) |
| 1991 | *Merci la vie* |  | Bertrand Blier |  |
| | *L'année de l'éveil* | The German professor | Gérard Corbiau |  |
| | *Memories of Midnight* | Yves Renard | Gary Nelson | TV movie |
| | *Largo desolato* |  | Agnieszka Holland | TV movie |
| 1992 | *Je pense à vous* |  | Dardenne brothers |  |
| | *Warburg: A Man of Influence* | Walter Rathenau | Moshé Mizrahi | TV mini-series |
| | *The New Statesman* | Claude Chagrin | Graeme Harper | TV series (1 episode) |
| | *Maigret* | The Marinier | Serge Leroy | TV series (1 episode) |
| 1993 | *The Hour of the Pig* | Bailiff Labatier | Leslie Megahey |  |
| | *Pétain* | Mandel | Jean Marboeuf |  |
| 1994 | *Dead Tired* | The swinger | Michel Blanc |  |
| | *Les amoureux* | Mr. Godfroy | Catherine Corsini |  |
| | *Sharpe's Enemy* | General Chaumier | Tom Clegg | TV movie |
| | *Fall from Grace* | Corporal | Waris Hussein | TV movie |
| | *Un crime de guerre* | Ecklinger | Michel Wyn | TV movie |
| 1995 | *L'amour tagué* | Berg | Bruno Carrière | TV movie |
| | *Charlotte et Léa* | Desmarets | Jean-Claude Sussfeld | TV movie |
| | *Maigret* | Francis | Pierre Joassin | TV series (1 episode) |
| 1996 | *Les enfants du mensonge* | Max | Frédéric Krivine | TV movie |
| | *Le juge est une femme* | Dragovic | Pierre Boutron | TV series (1 episode) |
| | *Les mercredis de la vie* | Raoul | Dominique Baron | TV series (1 episode) |
| | *L'histoire du samedi* |  | Philippe Bensoussan | TV series (1 episode) |
| 1997 | *Ma vie en rose* | Principal | Alain Berliner |  |
| | *Meurtre à l'étage* | Richard | Bruno Gantillon | TV movie |
| | *Julie Lescaut* | Fred Pastor | Alain Wermus | TV series (1 episode) |
| | *Maître Da Costa* | Maximilien Todd | Bob Swaim | TV series (1 episode) |
| | *Quai n° 1* | Dewaele | André Buytaers | TV series (1 episode) |
| 1998 | *La carte postale* | The Undertaker | Vivian Goffette | Short |
| | *Hornblower: The Even Chance* | Captain Forget | Andrew Grieve | TV movie |
| | *Interdit de vieillir* | Maurice Fortier | Dominique Tabuteau | TV movie |
| | *Pour mon fils* | The doctor | Michaëla Watteaux | TV movie |
| | *Louise et les marchés* | Jandier | Marc Rivière | TV mini-series |
| 1999 | *Le frère Irlandais* | André Billard | Robin Davis | TV movie |
| | *Josephine, Guardian Angel* | The fat client | Pierre Joassin | TV series (1 episode) |
| 2000 | *Vatel* | Martin's Father | Roland Joffé |  |
| | *Le Roi danse* | Archbishop of Paris | Gérard Corbiau |  |
| | *Le centre du monde* | Jacques | Vivian Goffette | Short |
| | *Une femme d'honneur* | Maurice Quentin | David Delrieux | TV series (1 episode) |
| 2001 | *Fourplay* | Fiona's Father | Mike Binder |  |
| | *Change moi ma vie* | Disabled client | Liria Bégéja |  |
| | *Je peux dire une connerie ?* | Voice | Patrick Menais |  |
| | *La baie de l'archange* | The mayor | David Delrieux | TV movie |
| 2002 | *Un petit Parisien* | The grand father | Sébastien Grall | TV movie |
| | *Napoléon* | Charles IV of Spain | Yves Simoneau | TV mini-series |
| 2003 | *Saint-Germain ou La négociation* | Chazal | Gérard Corbiau | TV movie |
| | *Le Mystère des sources du Nil* | Voice-over | Stéphane Bégoin | Documentary film |
| 2004 | *The Tulse Luper Suitcases* | Mrs. Moitessier's Father | Peter Greenaway |  |
| | *Big Kiss* | Vandenhoot | Billy Zane |  |
| | *Un Jean-Pierre ça peut tout faire* | Voice | Patrick Menais |  |
| 2005 | *Empire of the Wolves* | Marius | Chris Nahon |  |
| | *Zim and Co.* | The teacher | Pierre Jolivet |  |
| | *Palais royal!* | M. Lamache | Valérie Lemercier |  |
| | *Skattejakten* | Curator | Thomas Kaiser | TV series (1 episode) |
| 2006 | *Asterix and the Vikings* | Abraracourcix | Jesper Møller & Stefan Fjeldmark |  |
| | *Louis la brocante* | Albert | Pierre Sisser | TV series (1 episode) |
| | *David Nolande* | Company cleaning boss | Nicolas Cuche | TV series (1 episode) |
| 2007 | *La lance de la destinée* | The priest | Dennis Berry | TV mini-series |
| 2008 | *The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian* | Doctor Cornelius | Andrew Adamson |  |
| | *The Sea Wall* | Father Bart | Rithy Panh |  |
| | *The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian* | Doctor Cornelius | Andrew Adamson | Video game |
| 2009 | *Machination* | The dentist | Arnaud Demanche | Short |
| | *Wakfu* | Tolot / Mounu | Anthony Roux, Fafah Togora, ... | TV series (4 episodes) |
| 2011 | *Braquo* | Breymaert | Philippe Haïm | TV series (1 episode) |
| 2012 | *Ernest & Celestine* | Chief Police of Bears | Stéphane Aubier, Vincent Patar, ... |  |
| | *Solus* | Eddy | Robin Bersot, Camille Dellerie, ... | Short |
| | *Deux flics sur les docks* | Benoit Lebihan | Edwin Baily | TV series (1 episode) |
| 2013 | *Marina* | Chairman Ministry | Stijn Coninx |  |
| | *Santa's Apprentice* | The Victorian Santa Claus | Luc Vinciguerra |  |
| | *Yam dam* |  | Vivian Goffette |  |
| | *L'Incroyable Marrec* | Old Marrec | Régis Aillet, Alexandre Bass, ... | Short |
| | *Being Homer Simpson* | Barman | Arnaud Demanche | Short |
| | *Avis aux intéressés* | Daniel | Cédric Romain | Short |
| | *Pierrick* | The father | Clément Abbey & Arthur Lecouturier | Short |
| 2015 | *Les gorilles* | Instructor SPHP | Tristan Aurouet |  |
| | *Le Hobbit: Le Retour du Roi du Cantal* | Bofur | Léo Pons |  |
| | *Rubato* | The Musician | Félix Ferrand, Florian Magnin, ... | Short |
| 2016 | *Popsy* | Monsieur Sorcier | Julien Homsy | Short |
| | *Tutankhamun* | Sir Gaston Maspero | Peter Webber | TV mini-series |
| | *The Break* | Lucien Rabet | Matthieu Donck | TV series (10 episodes) |
| 2017 | *The Old Lady* |  | Samuel Miralles | Short |
| 2018 | *Au poste!* | Daniel | Quentin Dupieux |  |
| | *The Marcus Garvey Story* | Calvin Coolidge | Steven Anderson |  |
| | *At Eternity's Gate* | Café Owner | Julian Schnabel |  |
| | *Joseph* | Joseph Vasanellis | Jordan Anefalos | Short |
| 2019 | *An Officer and a Spy* | Jean-Baptiste Billot | Roman Polanski |  |
|

## Dubbing

| Year | Title | Role | Actors | Director | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1981 | *Das Boot* | Chief Engineer | Klaus Wennemann | Wolfgang Petersen |  |
| 1984 | *Amadeus* | Giuseppe Bonno | Patrick Hines | Miloš Forman |  |
| 1987 | *Good Morning, Vietnam* | Marty Lee Dreiwitz | Robert Wuhl | Barry Levinson |  |
| 1988 | *The Last Temptation of Christ* | Andrew the Apostle | Gary Basaraba | Martin Scorsese |  |
| | *Cop* | Delbert 'Whitey' Haines | Charles Haid | James B. Harris |  |
| 1989 | *Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade* | Colonel Vogel | Michael Byrne | Steven Spielberg |  |
| | *Next of Kin* | Willy Simpson | Ted Levine | John Irvin |  |
| 1992 | *My Cousin Vinny* | Sheriff Dean Farley | Bruce McGill | Jonathan Lynn |  |
| 1993 | *Undercover Blues* | Sykes | Marshall Bell | Herbert Ross |  |
| 1994 | *Clear and Present Danger* | Enrique Rojas | Patrick Bauchau | Phillip Noyce |  |
| | *On Deadly Ground* | Stone | R. Lee Ermey | Steven Seagal |  |
| 1996 | *Striptease* | Malcolm Moldowsky | Paul Guilfoyle | Andrew Bergman |  |
| 1997 | *Air Force One* | Lloyd Shepherd | Paul Guilfoyle (2) | Wolfgang Petersen |  |
| 1999 | *The Matrix* | Agent Smith | Hugo Weaving | The Wachowskis |  |
| | *The Insider* | Ron Motley | Bruce McGill (2) | Michael Mann |  |
| 2000 | *Harrison's Flowers* | Samuel Brubeck | Alun Armstrong | Élie Chouraqui |  |
| 2001 | *The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring* | Gimli | John Rhys-Davies | Peter Jackson |  |
| | *Meet John Doe* | D.B. Norton | Edward Arnold | Frank Capra |  |
| 2002 | *Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets* | Aragog | Julian Glover | Chris Columbus |  |
| | *The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers* | Gimli / Treebeard | John Rhys-Davies (2) | Peter Jackson |  |
| 2003 | *Willard* | Frank Martin | R. Lee Ermey (2) | Glen Morgan |  |
| | *The Matrix Reloaded* | Agent Smith | Hugo Weaving (2) | The Wachowskis |  |
| | *The Matrix Revolutions* | Agent Smith | Hugo Weaving (3) | The Wachowskis |  |
| | *Matchstick Men* | Chuck Frechette | Bruce McGill (3) | Ridley Scott |  |
| | *The Texas Chainsaw Massacre* | Sheriff Hoyt | R. Lee Ermey (3) | Marcus Nispel |  |
| | *The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King* | Gimli / Treebeard | John Rhys-Davies (3) | Peter Jackson |  |
| | *Saraband* | Henrik | Börje Ahlstedt | Ingmar Bergman | TV movie |
| | *The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers* | Gimli | John Rhys-Davies (4) | Hudson Piehl | Video game |
| 2004 | *Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events* | Mr. Poe | Timothy Spall | Brad Silberling |  |
| 2005 | *Maigret* | Jules Maigret | Bruno Cremer | Charles Nemes | TV series (1 episode) |
| 2006 | *The Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Beginning* | Charlie Hewitt Jr. / Sheriff Hoyt | R. Lee Ermey (4) | Jonathan Liebesman |  |
| | *Behind Enemy Lines II: Axis of Evil* | General Norman T. Vance | Bruce McGill (4) | James Dodson |  |
| 2008 | *Valkyrie* | Wilhelm Keitel | Kenneth Cranham | Bryan Singer |  |
| | *Appaloosa* | Phil Olson | Timothy Spall (2) | Ed Harris |  |
| | *Mirrors* | Robert Esseker | Julian Glover (2) | Alexandre Aja |  |
| 2009 | *The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo* | Nils Bjurman | Peter Andersson | Niels Arden Oplev |  |
| | *From Time to Time* | Boggis | Timothy Spall (3) | Julian Fellowes |  |
| | *The Young Victoria* | Duke of Wellington | Julian Glover (3) | Jean-Marc Vallée |  |
| | *Assassin's Creed II* | Emilio Barbarigo | Arthur Holden | Patrice Désilets | Video game |
| 2010 | *Made in Dagenham* | Monty Taylor | Kenneth Cranham (2) | Nigel Cole |  |
| | *Alice in Wonderland* | Bayard | Timothy Spall (4) | Tim Burton |  |
| 2011 | *Rango* | Tortoise John | Ned Beatty | Gore Verbinski |  |
| | *Rampart* | Hartshorn | Ned Beatty (2) | Oren Moverman |  |
| | *The Lord of the Rings: War in the North* | Gimli | John Rhys-Davies (5) | Nathan Hendrickson | Video game |
| | *Game of Thrones* | Robert Baratheon | Mark Addy | Tim Van Patten, Brian Kirk & Daniel Minahan | TV series (7 Episode) |
| 2012 | *Lincoln* | Edwin Stanton | Bruce McGill (5) | Steven Spielberg |  |
| | *Lego The Lord of the Rings* | Gimli | John Rhys-Davies (6) | James McLoughlin & Dan McCreadie | Video game |
| | *Hatfields & McCoys* | Jim Vance | Tom Berenger | Kevin Reynolds | TV mini-series |
| 2013 | *The Love Punch* | Jerry | Timothy Spall (5) | Joel Hopkins |  |
| 2014 | *Bad Country* | Lutin Adams | Tom Berenger (2) | Chris Brinker |  |
| | *Maleficent* | King Henry | Kenneth Cranham (3) | Robert Stromberg |  |
| | *Reach Me* | Teddy Raymonds | Tom Berenger (3) | John Herzfeld |  |
| | *Watch Dogs* | Mayor Donovan Rushmore | Michel Perron | Jonathan Morin & Kun Chang | Video game |
| 2016 | *Alice Through the Looking Glass* | Bayard | Timothy Spall (6) | James Bobin |  |
| | *Final Fantasy XV* | Emperor Iedolas Aldercapt | Shōzō Iizuka | Hajime Tabata & Tetsuya Nomura | Video game |
|

## InfoBox

| Vincent Grass | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1949-01-09) 9 January 1949<br>Brussels, Belgium |
| Years active | 1973 – present |


title: Vincent Grade/Acton station

abstract: Vincent Grade/Acton station is a Metrolink rail station just north of the community of Acton, California. It is served by Metrolink's Antelope Valley Line from Los Angeles Union Station to Lancaster. Vincent Grade/Acton station is served by 22 Metrolink Antelope Valley Line trains each weekday. Weekend service consists of 12 trains on both Saturday and Sunday. On all days, trains are evenly spaced throughout the day. The station shelters are designed to resemble Wild West-era facades. This station predominantly serves residents of southern and eastern Palmdale, due to the station's closer proximity to these areas than the Palmdale Transportation Center in northern Palmdale.

text:
# Vincent Grade/Acton station

**Vincent Grade/Acton station** is a Metrolink rail station just north of the community of Acton, California. It is served by Metrolink's Antelope Valley Line from Los Angeles Union Station to Lancaster.

Vincent Grade/Acton station is served by 22 Metrolink Antelope Valley Line trains (11 in each direction) each weekday. Weekend service consists of 12 trains (6 in each direction) on both Saturday and Sunday. On all days, trains are evenly spaced throughout the day.

The station shelters are designed to resemble Wild West-era facades.

This station predominantly serves residents of southern and eastern Palmdale, due to the station's closer proximity to these areas than the Palmdale Transportation Center in northern Palmdale.

## Connections

The station is served by Antelope Valley Transit Authority route 790, the North County TRANSporter. The route allows Metrolink passengers on mid-day trains (that only go as far as Newhall station in the Santa Clarita Valley) to travel to the Palmdale station. Vincent Grade/Acton station is only served in the northbound direction, by request from passengers onboard the bus.

## InfoBox

| Vincent Grade/Acton | |
| --- | --- |
| Vincent Grade/Action station in 2015 | |
| General information | |
| Location | 730 West Sierra Highway<br>Acton, California |
| Coordinates | 34°29′53″N 118°07′05″W / 34.49806°N 118.11806°W / 34.49806; -118.11806 |
| Owned by | Los Angeles County Department of Public Works |
| Line(s) | SCRRA Valley Subdivision |
| Platforms | 2 side platforms |
| Tracks | 2 |
| Connections | Antelope Valley Transit Authority: 790 (northbound only) |
| Construction | |
| Parking | 414 spaces, 16 accessible spaces |
| Bicycle facilities | Racks and lockers |
| Accessible | Yes |
| History | |
| Opened | February 1, 1994 |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station  Metrolink Following station  Palmdaletoward Lancaster  Antelope Valley Line  Vista Canyontoward L.A. Union Station | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | |


title: Vinci Bank

abstract: Vinci Bank is a submarine bank in the Weddell Sea. It is named after Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519), world-renowned scientist and artist. The name was proposed by Dr. Heinrich Hinze, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany. Name approved 6/97.

text:
# Vinci Bank

**Vinci Bank** (77°30′S 34°30′W / 77.500°S 34.500°W / -77.500; -34.500) is a submarine bank in the Weddell Sea. It is named after Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519), world-renowned scientist and artist. The name was proposed by Dr. Heinrich Hinze, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany. Name approved 6/97 (ACUF 271).

This article incorporates public domain material from "Vinci Bank". *Geographic Names Information System*. United States Geological Survey.

## InfoBox

| Vinci Bank | |
| --- | --- |
| Submerged bank Vinci Bank (Antarctica) | |
| Ocean | Southern Ocean |


title: Vinci Da

abstract: Vinci Da is a 2019 Indian Bengali language psychological action thriller film directed by Srijit Mukherji, under the banner of SVF Entertainment Pvt Ltd, starring Rudranil Ghosh, Ritwick Chakraborty, Anirban Bhattacharya, Riddhi Sen, Gautam Moitra and Sohini Sarkar. The music was composed by Anupam Roy with cinematography by Sudipta Majundar and editing by Pronoy Dasgupta. The film released on 12 April 2019. It was officially remade with an adapted story in Telugu in 2023 as Ravanasura. In March 2023, Mukherjee revealed his plan of directing a prequel crossover of Vinci Da and Baishe Srabon, with Anirban reprising his role, as part of his planned cop universe, to be releasing on Puja 2023. In April 2023, Jio Studios, in collaboration with SVF, announced the title of the film as Dawshom Awbotaar.

text:
# Vinci Da

***Vinci Da*** is a 2019 Indian Bengali language psychological action thriller film directed by Srijit Mukherji, under the banner of SVF Entertainment Pvt Ltd, starring Rudranil Ghosh, Ritwick Chakraborty, Anirban Bhattacharya, Riddhi Sen, Gautam Moitra and Sohini Sarkar. The music was composed by Anupam Roy with cinematography by Sudipta Majundar and editing by Pronoy Dasgupta. The film released on 12 April 2019. It was officially remade with an adapted story in Telugu in 2023 as *Ravanasura*.

In March 2023, Mukherjee revealed his plan of directing a prequel crossover of *Vinci Da* and *Baishe Srabon*, with Anirban reprising his role, as part of his planned cop universe (thereby making *Vinci Da* the second installment of the planned cop universe), to be releasing on Puja 2023. In April 2023, Jio Studios, in collaboration with SVF, announced the title of the film as *Dawshom Awbotaar*.

## Plot

The story is narrated by Vinci Da, who learned the art of making prosthetics from his father. The story starts with the then 18-year-old Adi Bose's father, drunkenly beating his mother. He asks his father to stop, but he does not. Tired of the everyday disquietude, he beats him dead with his cricket bat. He calls the police and ends up in a mental asylum. Meanwhile, Vinci Da's father dies, and he finds it problematic to earn a living because Tollywood does not appreciate his talent. His love interest, Jaya, is a stutterer.

Adi Bose, now an adult, is released from prison. He believes himself to be a "serial lawyer" by committing the crimes previously done by criminals he apparently delivered justice to. To carry out his heinous plans in a more effective way, he approaches Vinci Da as a director and tricks him into making the mask of businessman Shyam Sundar Jaiswal, who was acquitted in a 2500 crore scam. Adi Bose dons the mask, goes and robs a bank, killing a security guard in the process. Jaiswal is arrested immediately. Vinci Da realizes the truth when he sees the news the next day, making him distraught. The only thing that comes to his mind is the innocent security guard. He is unable to believe that his art can be used for crime. Sensing his reluctance to make more prosthetic masks, Adi Bose blackmails him with the videos he had taken while Vinci Da was creating the first mask.

Vinci Da is blackmailed into creating the mask of a politician's son, who was acquitted after driving his car on homeless people. Adi Bose drives a car on people sleeping on the footpath wearing the mask and frames the politician's son. Vinci Da is filled with grief and self-hatred after meeting the son of one of the homeless people killed in the massacre. He tries to convince Adi Bose that he is not a part of his crimes, but Adi Bose thinks otherwise. In the last and third instance, Vinci Da makes the mask of a rapist. Adi Bose wears the mask, kidnaps a girl from the road, rapes her, films the whole incident, and releases the clip to the media. The rapist, previously acquitted, is arrested and imprisoned. Tragedy strikes when Vinci Da finds that the girl raped is none other than Jaya. He is distraught. Jaya attempts suicide but is saved by Vinci Da in the nick of time.

Planning vengeance, Vinci Da meets Adi Bose at his home and poisons him. He then proceeds to wear a mask resembling Adi Bose and shoots a video proclaiming that he is taking his own life. However, Inspector Bijoy Poddar, who had met Adi Bose in the beginning, views his suicide clip and immediately detects the difference in the voices of the actual Adi Bose and the one recorded in the clip. He discovers the videos recorded by Adi Bose of Vinci Da at his home, and orders his arrest. However, Vinci Da and Jaya have fled the city, disguised as an old couple.

## Cast

## Soundtrack

| Vinci Da | |
| --- | --- |
| Soundtrack album by Anupam Roy | |
| Released | 16 March 2019 |
| Studio | Sonic Solution |
| Genre | Featured Film Soundtrack |
| Length | 12:50 |
| Language | Bengali |
| Label | SVF |
| Anupam Roy chronology | |
| *Shah Jahan Regency*
(2019) ***Vinci Da***
(2019) *Konttho*
(2019) | |

All songs written and composed by Anupam Roy and background music scored by Indraadip Dasgupta.

Track list
| No. | Title | Music | Singer(S) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Tomar Moner Bhetor" | Anupam Roy | Mainul Ahsan Noble | 4:15 |
| 2. | "Shanto Hou" | Anupam Roy | Anupam Roy | 4:52 |
| 3. | "Gas Balloon" | Anupam Roy | Anupam Roy | 3:43 |
| Total length: | | | | 12:50 |

## Reception

### Critical response

Debolina Sen of *The Times of India* scored the film at 3.5 out of 5 stars and says "For a film that keeps you impressed with the rapid pace all throughout, it does have a predictable ending. Vinci Da is at best an interesting crime film, which has dollops of drama in the screenplay."The New Indian Express wrote "Vinci Da" breaks every glass ceiling that the 'thriller' genre in India has ever encountered and savours the shards as they penetrate the very core of the concept of crime and atonement."Business Standard wrote "Vinci Da" is a remarkable work for the way it blurs the lines of morality to show how easily a clever man can jump from the right side to the wrong. And how weak can be manipulated by the strong. It's also remarkable for showing the close relationship between crime and art, and between the criminal and his conscience."

## InfoBox

| Vinci Da | |
| --- | --- |
| Film poster | |
| Directed by | Srijit Mukherji |
| Screenplay by | Srijit Mukherji |
| Story by | Rudranil Ghosh
Srijit Mukherji |
| Starring | Rudranil Ghosh
Ritwik Chakraborty
Anirban Bhattacharya
Sohini Sarkar
Bharat Kaul
Gautam Moitra |
| Cinematography | Sudipta Majumdar |
| Edited by | Pronoy Dasgupta |
| Music by | Anupam Roy |
| Production
company | Shree Venkatesh Films |
| Release date | * 12 April 2019 (2019-04-12) |
| Running time | 117 minutes |
| Country | India |
| Language | Bengali |


title: Virginia State Route 202

abstract: State Route 202 is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia. Known for most of its length as Cople Highway, the state highway runs 17.91 miles (28.82 km) from SR 3 at Templeman east to U.S. Route 360 in Callao. SR 202 connects several small communities in eastern Westmoreland County with western Northumberland County.

text:
# Virginia State Route 202

**State Route 202** (**SR 202**) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia. Known for most of its length as Cople Highway, the state highway runs 17.91 miles (28.82 km) from SR 3 at Templeman east to U.S. Route 360 (US 360) in Callao. SR 202 connects several small communities in eastern Westmoreland County with western Northumberland County.

## Route description

SR 202 begins at an intersection with SR 3 (Kings Highway) at Templeman. The state highway heads northeast as Cople Highway, which crosses tidewater Nomini Creek and curves southeast at the hamlet of Nomini. SR 202 passes through Machodoc and Hague on its way to Grays Corner, where the highway intersects SR 203 (Oldhams Road). The two highways run concurrently until SR 203 splits northeast as Kinsale Road. SR 202 crosses the WestmorelandNorthumberland county line at its bridge over Hampton Hall Branch of the West Branch of the Yeocomico River. The state highway continues as Hampton Hall Road, which heads south past Morrisons Corner and southeast from Hyacinth to its eastern terminus at US 360 in the village of Callao. The roadway continues east as Northumberland Highway toward the namesake county's seat of Heathsville. US 360 also heads west from the intersection as Richmond Road.

## Major intersections

| County | Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Westmoreland | Templeman | 0.00 | 0.00 | SR 3 (Kings Highway) Warsaw, Fredericksburg | Western terminus |
| | Grays Corner | 12.58 | 20.25 |
SR 203 south (Oldhams Road) Oldhams | West end of concurrency with SR 203 |
| |  | 13.18 | 21.21 |
SR 203 north (Kinsale Road) Kinsale | East end of concurrency with SR 203 |
| Northumberland | Callao | 17.91 | 28.82 | US 360 (Richmond Road / Northumberland Highway) Reedville, Richmond | Eastern terminus |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
 | | | | | |

Template:Attached KML/Virginia State Route 202KML is from Wikidata

## InfoBox

| State Route 202 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Route information | |
| Maintained by VDOT | |
| Length | 17.91 mi (28.82 km) |
| Existed | 1933–present |
| Major junctions | |
| West end | SR 3 at Templeman |
| Major intersections | SR 203 at Grays Corner |
| East end | US 360 in Callao |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Virginia |
| Counties | Westmoreland, Northumberland |
|  | |
| Highway system | |
|  | |
| SR 201   SR 203 | |


title: Virginia State Route 203

abstract: State Route 203 is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia. Known for most of its length as Oldhams Road, the state highway runs 9.76 miles (15.71 km) from SR 3 at Lyells north to SR 608 and SR 1007 in Kinsale. Though it runs in generally in an east–west direction, the route is signed north–south.

text:
# Virginia State Route 203

**State Route 203** (**SR 203**) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia. Known for most of its length as Oldhams Road, the state highway runs 9.76 miles (15.71 km) from SR 3 at Lyells north to SR 608 and SR 1007 in Kinsale. Though it runs in generally in an east–west direction, the route is signed north–south.

## Route description

SR 203 begins at an intersection with SR 3 (Historyland Highway) at Lyells on the northern edge of Richmond County. The state highway heads east as Oldhams Road and enters Westmoreland County. SR 203 passes through Threeway and Oldhams before meeting SR 202 (Cople Highway) at Grays Corner. The two highways run concurrently southeast on Cople Highway before SR 203 splits to the northeast as Kinsale Road. Within the village of Kinsale, SR 203 passes through a pair of right-angle turns before reaching its northern terminus at the intersection of SR 608 and SR 1007. SR 608 heads north as a continuation of Kinsale Road, which uses the Kinsale Bridge to cross over the Kinsale Branch of the West Branch of the Yeocomico River.

## Major intersections

| County | Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Richmond | Lyells | 0.00 | 0.00 | SR 3 (Historyland Highway) Kilmarnock, Fredericksburg | Southern terminus |
| Westmoreland | Grays Corner | 7.43 | 11.96 |
SR 202 west (Cople Highway) Montross | South end of concurrency with SR 202 |
| |  | 8.03 | 12.92 |
SR 202 east (Cople Highway) Callao | North end of concurrency with SR 202 |
| | Kinsale | 9.76 | 15.71 | SR 608 (Kinsale Road) / SR 1007 (Steamboat Landing) | Northern terminus |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
 | | | | | |

Template:Attached KML/Virginia State Route 203KML is from Wikidata

## InfoBox

| State Route 203 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Route information | |
| Maintained by VDOT | |
| Length | 9.76 mi (15.71 km) |
| Existed | 1933–present |
| Major junctions | |
| South end | SR 3 at Lyells |
| Major intersections | SR 202 at Grays Corner |
| North end | SR 608 / SR 1007 in Kinsale |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Virginia |
| Counties | Richmond, Westmoreland |
|  | |
| Highway system | |
|  | |
| SR 202   SR 204 | |


title: Virgin Eyes

abstract: " "Virgin Eyes" is the 16th single by Japanese entertainer Miho Nakayama. Written by Yumi Yoshimoto and Anri, the single was released on July 12, 1989, by King Records.

text:
# Virgin Eyes

"**Virgin Eyes**" (ヴァージン・アイズ, *Vājin Aizu*) is the 16th single by Japanese entertainer Miho Nakayama. Written by Yumi Yoshimoto and Anri, the single was released on July 12, 1989, by King Records.

## Background and release

"Virgin Eyes" was used as the theme song of the 1989 film *Who Do I Choose?*, which starred Nakayama in a supporting role.

"Virgin Eyes" peaked at No. 2 on Oricon's weekly singles chart. It sold over 254,000 copies and was certified Gold by the RIAJ.

Nakayama performed the song on the 40th *Kōhaku Uta Gassen* in 1989.

## Track listing

All lyrics are written by Yumi Yoshimoto; all music is composed by Anri

7" single
| No. | Title | Arrangement | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Virgin Eyes" | Yasuharu Ogura |  |
| 2. | "Sanctuary" (*Sankuchuari* (サンクチュアリ〜Sanctuary〜)) | * Ogura * Kazuo Ōtani (strings) |  |

## Charts

**Weekly charts**

| Chart (1989) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Oricon Weekly Singles Chart | 2 |
| The Best Ten | 6 |
| Uta no Top Ten | 6 |

**Year-end charts**

| Chart (1989) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Oricon Year-End Chart | 32 |

## Certification

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Japan (RIAJ) | Gold | 200,000^ |
| ^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## InfoBox

| "Virgin Eyes" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Miho Nakayama | |
| from the album  *Hide 'n' Seek* | |
| Language | Japanese |
| B-side | "Sanctuary" |
| Released | July 12, 1989 (1989-07-12) |
| Recorded | 1989 |
| Genre |  |
| Label | King Records |
| Composer(s) | Anri |
| Lyricist(s) | Yumi Yoshimoto |
| Miho Nakayama singles chronology | |
| "Rosécolor"
(1989) "**Virgin Eyes**"
(1989) "Midnight Taxi"
(1990) | |


title: Virginiatown, California

abstract: Virginiatown is a former settlement in Placer County, California. Virginiatown is located on Auburn Ravine, 7.5 miles (12.1 km) west of Auburn. Virginiatown is California Historical Landmark #400. The town was the site of one of California's first railroads, built in 1852 to carry gold ore from the mines to Auburn Ravine. After the first wave of gold mining ended, wood-cutting became an important local industry, to support railroad construction and to fuel the kiln at the pottery mill in nearby Lincoln. A large number of Chinese miners moved into the area around this time and reworked the diggings; the white residents voted to expel the Chinese from town in 1860, claiming a "fire hazard", and the Chinese resettled just west of town. A Chinese temple stood outside Virginiatown as late as 1907, and two rammed-earth Chinese houses were still standing as of 1957. The site of Virginiatown is now occupied by rural homes and small farms.

text:
# Virginiatown, California

**Virginiatown** (formerly, **Virginia**) is a former settlement in Placer County, California. Virginiatown is located on Auburn Ravine, 7.5 miles (12.1 km) west of Auburn.

Virginiatown is California Historical Landmark #400. The town was the site of one of California's first railroads, built in 1852 to carry gold ore from the mines to Auburn Ravine. After the first wave of gold mining ended, wood-cutting became an important local industry, to support railroad construction and to fuel the kiln at the pottery mill in nearby Lincoln. A large number of Chinese miners moved into the area around this time and reworked the diggings; the white residents voted to expel the Chinese from town in 1860, claiming a "fire hazard", and the Chinese resettled just west of town. A Chinese temple stood outside Virginiatown as late as 1907, and two rammed-earth Chinese houses were still standing as of 1957.

The site of Virginiatown is now occupied by rural homes and small farms.

## InfoBox

| Virginiatown | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| Plaque in Virginiatown | |
| VirginiatownLocation in CaliforniaVirginiatownVirginiatown (the United States) | |
| Coordinates: 38°54′02″N 121°12′53″W / 38.90056°N 121.21472°W / 38.90056; -121.21472 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | California |
| County | Placer County |
| Elevation | 322 ft (98 m) |
|  | |
| California Historical Landmark | |
| Reference no. | 400 |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Vita Witek

abstract: Vita Friese Gerhardt Witek was a Danish pianist, based in Berlin from 1884 to 1909, and in the United States from 1910.

text:
# Vita Witek

**Vita Friese Gerhardt Witek** (September 27, 1868 – June 25, 1925) was a Danish pianist, based in Berlin from 1884 to 1909, and in the United States from 1910.

## Early life and education

Vita Friese was born in Copenhagen. She trained as a pianist with Theodor Leschetizky and Teresa Carreño.

## Career

### In Europe

Gerhardt made her Berlin debut in 1884. She often performed with violinist Anton Witek; they toured together in Europe, and gave the first public performance of Richard Gompertz's "Violin Sonata in G Minor", in 1901. With Russian cellist Joseph Malkin, they formed the Berlin Philharmonic Trio in 1903. She was also known as a conductor in Berlin.

### In the United States

Soon after she married Anton Witek in 1909, she moved to the United States, where her husband was concert master of the Boston Symphony Orchestra. They gave recitals together in New York City, Baltimore, and Boston. They also continued to play with Joseph Malkin, as the Witek-Malkin Trio. She endorsed Mason & Hamlin pianos in advertisements in 1911. She taught piano at the Von Ende School of Music in New York beginning in 1912, and served on the school's board of examiners.

## Personal life

Vita Friese married twice. She married Anton Witek in 1909. "Frau Witek says emphatically that a woman should not give up music just because she is married," reported *The Violinist* magazine in 1912. Her son Hjalmar Gerhardt became a musician. She died in 1925, at Bayreuth. Anton Witek remarried in 1926, to an American violinist, Alma Rosengren.

## InfoBox

| Vita Witek | |
| --- | --- |
| Vita Witek, from a 1915 publication | |
| Born | Vita Friese
September 27, 1868
Copenhagen |
| Died | June 25, 1925
Bayreuth |
| Other names | Vita Gerhardt |
| Occupation | Pianist |
| Spouse | Anton Witek |
| Children | Hjalmar Gerhardt |


title: Viriat

abstract: Viriat is a commune in the Ain department of eastern France.

text:
# Viriat

**Viriat** (French pronunciation: \[viʁja\]) is a commune in the Ain department of eastern France.

## History

Settlement there goes back to at least the Celtic period.

In the twelfth century, the name "Viriacus" appears in a record, referring to church and a priory.

## Population

Historical population
| Year Pop. ±% p.a.  1793  2,122       1800  2,119 −0.02%  1806  2,199 +0.62%  1821  2,309 +0.33%  1831  2,394 +0.36%  1836  2,476 +0.68%  1841  2,535 +0.47%  1846  2,530 −0.04%  1851  2,587 +0.45%  1856  2,580 −0.05%  1861  2,578 −0.02%  1866  2,545 −0.26%  1872  2,629 +0.54%  1876  2,690 +0.58%  1881  2,708 +0.13%  1886  2,870 +1.17%  1891  2,741 −0.92%  1896  2,704 −0.27% | Year Pop. ±% p.a.  1901  2,580 −0.93%  1906  2,574 −0.05%  1911  2,529 −0.35%  1921  2,517 −0.05%  1926  2,578 +0.48%  1931  2,570 −0.06%  1936  2,579 +0.07%  1946  2,678 +0.38%  1954  2,660 −0.08%  1962  2,644 −0.08%  1968  3,012 +2.20%  1975  3,562 +2.42%  1982  3,997 +1.66%  1990  4,701 +2.05%  1999  5,288 +1.32%  2007  5,719 +0.98%  2012  6,160 +1.50%  2017  6,418 +0.82% |
| --- | --- |
| Source: EHESS and INSEE (1968-2017) | |

## Twin towns

Viriat is twinned with:

## InfoBox

| Viriat | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| The Jugnon | |
|  | |
| Location of Viriat | |
| ViriatViriat | |
| Coordinates: 46°15′11″N 5°12′58″E / 46.253°N 5.216°E / 46.253; 5.216 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes |
| Department | Ain |
| Arrondissement | Bourg-en-Bresse |
| Canton | Bourg-en-Bresse-1 |
| Intercommunality | CA Bassin de Bourg-en-Bresse |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Bernard Perret |
| Area**1** | 45.35 km2 (17.51 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 6,808 |
| Density | 150/km2 (390/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 01451 /01440 |
| Elevation | 206–257 m (676–843 ft)
(avg. 230 m or 750 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Viriato Fernandes

abstract: Captain Viriato Hipolito de Mendonça e Fernandes is an Indian politician, social activist, engineer, and former Indian Navy officer who serves as a Member of Parliament, representing South Goa in the Lok Sabha. A member of the Indian National Congress (INC), during his early years as a navy officer he was part of the Operation Talwar during the Kargil War. Having served 26 years in the Indian Navy, post-retirement he switched to activism in the state of Goa before joining politics in 2021.

text:
# Viriato Fernandes

Captain **Viriato Hipolito de Mendonça e Fernandes** OVS OVM (born 4 February 1969) is an Indian politician, social activist, engineer, and former Indian Navy officer who serves as a Member of Parliament, representing South Goa in the Lok Sabha. A member of the Indian National Congress (INC), during his early years as a navy officer he was part of the Operation Talwar during the Kargil War. Having served 26 years in the Indian Navy, post-retirement he switched to activism in the state of Goa before joining politics in 2021.

## Early life and military career (1969–2017)

Viriato Hipolito de Mendonça e Fernandes was born on 4 February 1969 in Mapusa, Goa to Prudente Fernandes and Viviana de Mendonça Fernandes. He received his early education at St. Clara High School and Don Bosco High School Panjim. He then went on to earn a Bachelor of Engineering degree from Goa University in 1992. Later in his career, Fernandes pursued postgraduate studies, obtaining a postgraduate diploma in Business Administration in Operations in 2015 and another in Supply Chain Management in 2017 from an unspecified institution. He also holds a Certificate in Contract Management from the University of Southampton. After completing his undergraduate engineering degree, he joined the Indian Navy on 12 August 1991. He commenced his naval career at INS Mandovi in Verem, Goa. Subsequently, he was stationed at INS Shivaji in Lonavala, Maharashtra, where he specialized in marine engineering for a span of two years. Following this assignment, he was transferred to INS Ranjit, a Russian destroyer, and later assumed the role of senior engineer aboard INS Anjadip.

Fernandes developed a fascination with aviation over the course of his career. In the early 1990s, he pursued advanced aeronautical training in Cochin, India, with a focus on mastering the piloting of diverse aircraft types, including Chetak helicopters, Sea Harrier jets, and Dornier turboprop planes. After completing this specialized program, Fernandes was appointed as an air engineering officer at INS Hansa, a major Indian naval air station located in Goa. He served with the Indian Navy's INAS 310 squadron, which was colloquially known as "The Cobras". Tensions between India and Pakistan escalated in the late 1990s, leading to Fernandes being deployed to the Indo-Pakistani border region to conduct aerial reconnaissance missions during Pokhran-II. In this capacity, he and his fellow aviators monitored the movements and activities of Pakistani aircraft and military forces. Around this time, a Dornier aircraft unit was established at Cochin, designated the "Flying Fish". While stationed there, Fernandes welcomed the birth of his daughter, though the prevailing state of tensions meant he had to leave his young family behind to report for duty during a critical period in early June. The Kargil War that erupted between India and Pakistan involved coordinated operations by all three branches of the Indian armed forces. The Indian Army and Indian Air Force were directly engaged in combat against the infiltrating Pakistani forces, under the codenames Operation Vijay and Operation Safed Sagar, while the Indian Navy conducted supporting naval operations under the name Operation Talwar.

During the Kargil War of 1999 between India and Pakistan, the Indian Navy played a crucial role in establishing a maritime blockade along Pakistan's Arabian Sea coastline. The primary objective of this naval operation was to disrupt the logistical supply of crude oil and other resources from Arab countries to Pakistan, which was supporting Pakistani forces engaged in the conflict. The Indian Navy's air squadron, INAS 550, known as the "Flying Fish", coordinated its efforts with the Indian Air Force during the war. This naval unit's activities, combined with the broader maritime blockade, effectively choked off supplies to Pakistani troops, significantly contributing to their defeat in the Kargil War. For his service during this conflict, Fernandes, who was a member of INAS 550, received commendations from the Commander-in-Chief of the Western Naval Command in 2001 and 2008, as well as from the Commander-in-Chief of the Southern Naval Command in 2002. In acknowledgment of his contributions during the Kargil War, he was honored with the Operation Vijay Star and Operation Vijay Medal. In addition to his wartime service, Fernandes also experienced the catastrophic tsunami incident in December 2004 while stationed in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. He continued his naval aviation career until his early retirement in 2017.

## Political career (2021–present)

Fernandes was initially involved with the non-governmental organization (NGO) known as Goencho Avaaz (GA). He was a founding member of the group, which was established in April 2018. He went on to serve as the state convener of the same organization. At some point in the fall of 2021, in November, Fernandes appears to have ended his involvement with Goencho Avaaz. Prior to his departure, he had intended to contest the 2022 Goa Legislative Assembly election as a candidate for the Goencho Avaaz Party. However, six days after he formally left the group, Goencho Avaaz was registered as a political party under the new name Goencho Swabhiman Party on 16 December of that year. On 10 December 2021, Fernandes joined the Indian National Congress (INC) political party. This occurred in the presence of Priyanka Gandhi, who was the general secretary of the All India Congress Committee at the time. Before becoming a member of the Indian National Congress (INC), he was reportedly engaged in organizing a visit by Gandhi to Goa.

In the lead-up to the 2022 Goa Legislative Assembly election, there was discussion surrounding Fernandes' political affiliations and candidacy. In November 2021, the president of the Goa Pradesh Congress Committee (GPCC), Girish Chodankar, raised questions about Fernandes potentially joining the Indian National Congress (INC) party. Prior to this, Fernandes had been involved with the Goencho Avaaz people's movement. His decision to then join the INC after departing from Goencho Avaaz prompted further scrutiny and reflection from other Goan politicians, including Dr. Jorson Fernandes of Cuncolim. These politicians expressed concerns that the transition of a people's movement leader to a major political party could be problematic, given that the party had incorporated elements that the movement had previously opposed. Ultimately, Fernandes contested the 2022 Goa Legislative Assembly election as an INC candidate in the Dabolim Assembly constituency. He was defeated by the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) candidate Mauvin Godinho, finishing as the runner-up with a margin of 1,570 votes.

## Personal life

Fernandes is a resident of Chicalim, a census town located in the state of Goa. In the 2010s, he secured sponsorship from the Indian Navy to acquire a Black Belt certification in Six Sigma management. He gained prominence as a national-level badminton player, demonstrating active participation in cricket and football as well. However, his passion appeared to be for the natural environment of Goa, which he has described as a "beautiful paradise". In 2018, Fernandes and his family were planning to relocate to the United Arab Emirates. But after returning from a public event, he had a change of heart and decided to remain in Goa in order to serve and protect the land. Later that year, he became a founding member of the environmental advocacy group Goencho Avaaz. He enlisted the backing of all 38 non-governmental groups in Goa focused on protecting the state's environmental interests to establish the organization successfully.

### Marriage and children

Fernandes and his partner, Anita Rosaline Rodrigues were wed on 8 December 1996 in Assonora, a village located in the state of Goa. At the time of their marriage, he was 27 years old, while Rodrigues was 26. The couple had completed their civil marriage registration six days prior in Bardez. Anita, who was originally from Basti in the state of Uttar Pradesh, was employed as a teacher and resided in Assonora. The wedding ceremony took place at St Clara's Church, also situated in Assonora. Anita was born and raised in a Catholic family, having been baptized at St. Joseph's Cathedral in Gorakhpur. Approximately two years after their marriage, in 1998, the couple had a daughter while living in Cochin, Kerala, around the time of India's Pokhran-II nuclear tests.

## InfoBox

| CaptainViriato FernandesOVS OVM | |
| --- | --- |
| Fernandes at the 18th Lok Sabha oath taking ceremony at Sansad Bhavan, 2024 | |
|  | |
| Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
9 June 2024 | |
| Preceded by | Francisco Sardinha |
| Constituency | South Goa |
| Majority | 13,535 (48.35%) |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Viriato Hipolito de Mendonça e Fernandes
(1969-02-02) 2 February 1969
Mapusa, Goa, India |
| Political party | Indian National Congress
(since 2021) |
| Spouse | Anita Rodrigues (m. 1996) |
| Children | 1 |
| Residence(s) | Chicalim, Goa, India |
| Alma mater |  |
| Occupation | * Politician * activist * mechanical engineer |
| Signature |  |
| Website | facebook.com/viriatofernandes.captain |
|  | |
| Military career | |
| Allegiance | India |
| Service/branch | Indian Navy |
| Years of service | 1991–2017 |
| Rank | Captain |
| Unit |  |
| Battles/wars |  |
| Awards |  |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Visa policy of New Zealand

abstract:
Non–New Zealand citizens wishing to enter the Realm of New Zealand must obtain a visa unless they are
  - a citizen or permanent resident of Australia or
  - a citizen of one of the 60 visa waiver eligible countries and territories
  - a holder of the United Nations laissez-passer or
  - eligible for visa-free travel under other specific provisions. Both Australian citizens travelling on a Valid Australian Passport and permanent residents of Australia that present a valid Permanent Visa or Resident Return Visa are deemed to hold resident status in New Zealand upon arrival under the Trans-Tasman travel arrangement. Visitors must hold passports that are valid for at least 3 months beyond the period of intended stay. Visitors are required to hold proof of sufficient funds to cover their stay: NZD 1,000 per person per month of stay or NZD 400 if accommodation has been prepaid. Visitors are required to hold documents required for their next destination.

text:
# Visa policy of New Zealand

Non–New Zealand citizens wishing to enter the Realm of New Zealand must obtain a visa unless they are

* a citizen or permanent resident of Australia or
* a citizen of one of the 60 visa waiver eligible countries and territories
* a holder of the United Nations laissez-passer or
* eligible for visa-free travel under other specific provisions (visiting force, cruise ship passengers and crew, aircraft crew, etc.).

Both Australian citizens travelling on a Valid Australian Passport and permanent residents of Australia that present a valid Permanent Visa or Resident Return Visa are deemed to hold resident status in New Zealand upon arrival under the Trans-Tasman travel arrangement.

Visitors must hold passports that are valid for at least 3 months beyond the period of intended stay. Visitors are required to hold proof of sufficient funds to cover their stay: NZD 1,000 per person per month of stay or NZD 400 if accommodation has been prepaid. Visitors are required to hold documents required for their next destination.

## Visa policy map

## Visa exemption

### New Zealand Electronic Travel Authority

Since 1 October 2019, travellers that are visa waiver must request a New Zealand Electronic Travel Authority (NZeTA) prior to travel.

The NZeTA is mandatory for all sea and air arrivals, including transit, unless exempt. When issued, it remains valid for the period of 2 years.

### Exemption from NZeTA

The following visa waiver travellers are exempt from the requirement to hold a NZeTA before travelling to New Zealand:

As of 1 October 2019, a visa waiver applies to, but is not limited to, the following people:

* people granted a visa waiver by special direction;
* members of a visiting force (including members of the civilian component of the visiting force) as defined in the Visiting Forces Act 2004, but only if:
    + each person is travelling to New Zealand in the ordinary course of the person's duty or employment;
    + each person is seeking a temporary entry class visa at an immigration control area;
    + the craft transporting the visiting force is a commercial craft;
* members of, or any person associated with, a scientific programme or expedition under the auspices of a Contracting Party to the Antarctic Treaty (within the meaning of the Antarctica Act 1960) or any person to whom section 5 of that Act applies, but only if:
    + the person concerned is seeking a temporary entry class visa;
    + the application is made at an immigration control area;
* cruise ship passengers;
* cruise ship crew travelling in the ordinary course of business of the ship;
* positioning cruise ship crew;
* aircraft crew of an aircraft on a flight between any other country and New Zealand in the course of a scheduled international service;
* positioning aircraft crew;
* British citizens, and any other British passport holder who can produce evidence of the right to reside permanently in the United Kingdom, but only if the person concerned is seeking a Visitor Visa current for not more than six months and the purposes of the visit do not include medical consultation or treatment;
* people travelling on a United Nations laissez-passer who are seeking a Visitor Visa current for not more than three months;
* any other class of persons specified in the Immigration (Visa, Entry Permission, and Related Matters) Regulations 2010;
* citizens of the following countries, but only if the person concerned is seeking a Visitor Visa current for not more than three months and the purposes of the visit is not for medical consultation or treatment:

Notes 1. Visa waiver does not apply to people travelling on alien's (non-citizen's) passports issued by Estonia and Latvia.
2. Only Greek passport holders whose passports were issued on and after 1 January 2006. From 1 January 2007, Greek passports issued before 1 January 2006 are not acceptable for travel to New Zealand.
3. Residents of Hong Kong travelling on Hong Kong Special Administrative Region or British National (Overseas) passports.
4. Residents of Macao travelling on Macao Special Administrative Region passports.
5. Portuguese passport holders must also have the right to live permanently in Portugal.
6. Permanent residents of Taiwan travelling on a Taiwan passport. A personal identity number printed within the visible section of the biographical page of the Taiwan passport demonstrates that the holder is a permanent resident of Taiwan.
7. Including nationals of the USA.

## Online Visitor Visa

New Zealand issues Online Visa for countries, that are not included of visa waiver countries.

## Visa types

Any person who is not a New Zealand citizen may only travel to New Zealand if holding a valid visa or is a person to whom a visa waiver applies.

While there are many different categories of visa, they can be fundamentally broken down into three classes:

* **Residence class visas** allows the holder to work, study and remain in New Zealand indefinitely, and does not expire while the holder remains in New Zealand. Conditions may be placed on a Resident Visa: most commonly, these conditions specify a period of time where one may leave and re-enter New Zealand as a resident, but may also relate to other matters (for example, a migrant applying for residence under the Skilled Migrant Category may have a condition imposed of taking up an offer of skilled employment within 3 months of arrival). It is, however, possible for the holder of a Resident Visa to obtain a Permanent Resident Visa upon meeting all conditions and upon demonstrating a commitment to New Zealand, which allows the holder to work, study and remain in New Zealand unconditionally, as well as leave and re-enter New Zealand at any time, and the Permanent Resident Visa itself never expires.
* **Temporary entry class visas** have a set expiry date, and conditions placed upon them based on the category under which the holder applied for a visa. Visas intended for tourism, long-term study or foreign employment in New Zealand are typical examples of a temporary entry class visa.
* **Transit visas** allow the holder to pass through New Zealand on a journey between 2 sovereign states.

Holding a visa, or taking advantage of a visa waiver, does not in itself entitle a person to enter New Zealand itself: it only entitles the person to travel to New Zealand and apply for entry permission.

Entry permission to New Zealand must be granted to a person for that person to be able to enter New Zealand; this is typically done by an immigration officer at the border. Refusal of entry permission results in automatic visa cancellation, and the person being made liable for turnaround if the person has arrived at the border.

While most foreign nationals must apply for, and be granted, entry permission at the border, holders of a Permanent Resident Visa, a Resident Visa granted in New Zealand, or a Resident Visa granted outside New Zealand where the holder has previously travelled to New Zealand are granted entry permission as of right.

New Zealand does not stamp passports of New Zealand citizens, residence class visa holders, or Australian citizens and permanent residents.

Holders of a temporary entry class visa, or visa waiver travellers seeking a Visitor Visa on arrival may receive passport stamps if they enter through a staffed immigration counter instead of the automated eGates; however, Immigration New Zealand and the New Zealand Customs Service are investigating the possibility of removing passport stamps entirely.

## Transit

A person intending to travel and be in New Zealand as a transit passenger must apply for and obtain a Transit Visa before proceeding to New Zealand, unless this requirement is waived.

Transit facilities are only available at Auckland Airport, and transit passengers must remain in the transit area for the entire period of time in New Zealand and for not longer than 24 hours.

Transit passengers not passing through Auckland Airport, or who must leave the transit area of Auckland Airport, or who will remain in the transit area of Auckland Airport for longer than 24 hours are ineligible to enter New Zealand as a transit passenger and will need to obtain a Visitor Visa if they are not a visa waiver traveller.

### Visa waiver transit

As of 20 June 2020, a visa waiver transit applies to, but is not limited to, the following people:

* a New Zealand citizen or residence class visa holder; or
* the holder of a temporary entry class visa with relevant travel conditions; or
* a person to whom a visa waiver applies, but only if they hold a transit or traveller Electronic Travel Authority, or are exempt from holding an Electronic Travel Authority; or
* if travelling to or from Australia:
    + a person whose immediate or final destination after transiting through New Zealand is Australia, but only if they hold a current visa issued by the Government of Australia to enter Australia, and they hold a transit Electronic Travel Authority; or
    + a person travelling from Australia and holding a transit Electronic Travel Authority; or
* a person that the Minister of Immigration has, by special direction, classified as a person to whom a transit visa waiver applies; or
* citizens of the following countries; but only if a transit Electronic Travel Authority is held:

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |

## Associated states and dependent territories

The associated states of the Cook Islands and Niue, and the dependent territory of Tokelau, have visa policies separate to that of New Zealand.

### Cook Islands

All visitors to the Cook Islands, irrespective of nationality, are visa-exempt for a maximum stay of 31 days. Visitors travelling for tourist purposes may extend their stay, for periods of 31 days, up to a maximum of 6 months.

### Niue

Visas are required for all visitors to Niue, except for nationals of New Zealand who are Niueans or descendants of Niueans and nationals of other countries who are *bona fide* visitors staying 30 days or less. Visitors must have sufficient funds for the length of their stay together with a confirmed reservation for accommodation and those not holding return or onward tickets could be refused entry.

Extensions of stay are possible.

### Tokelau

All visitors must obtain a permit to enter Tokelau from the Tokelau Apia Liaison Office in Apia, at least 2 weeks prior to travel.

Tokelau can only be reached by boat from Samoa and a permit from the Samoan Immigration Authorities is required to leave and re-enter Samoa.

### Australian citizens and permanent residents

By virtue of the Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement, Australian citizens and permanent residents are granted a Resident Visa on arrival if they are of good character. This Resident Visa expires when the holder leaves New Zealand; a variation of travel conditions may be sought if the holder later intends to re-enter New Zealand on that same visa.

This then allows the holder's residence in New Zealand to be considered continuous, which is an important factor if the holder intends to later apply for a Permanent Resident Visa or the grant of New Zealand citizenship.

## International Visitor Conservation and Tourism Levy

Many tourists, people on working holidays, and some students and workers coming to New Zealand must pay an International Visitor Conservation and Tourism Levy (IVL) of NZD $100.

This fee is payable at the time of applying for a visa or requesting an NZeTA.

### Exemptions from the IVL

* Australian citizens and residents are exempt from paying the IVL.
* The following Pacific Island nations are exempt from paying the IVL:

|  |  |
| --- | --- |

Additionally, exemptions exist for transit passengers arriving at and leaving from Auckland International Airport, holders of a Business Visitor Visa, and holders of an APEC Business Travel Card. Applicants for specific visas also do not need to pay the IVL.

## Unacceptable travel documents

Any travel document issued by the countries or sources listed below are unacceptable for travel to New Zealand, and visas will not be endorsed in them:

## APEC Business Travel Card

Holders of passports issued by the following countries who possess an APEC Business Travel Card (ABTC) with the "NZL" code on the reverse that denotes it is valid for travel to New Zealand can enter visa-free for business trips for up to 90 days.

ABTCs are issued to nationals of:

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |

## Statistics

New Zealand issued 262,033 general visitor visas in the 2016/17 fiscal year. Top nationalities were:

| Applicant nationality | Number of general visitor visas issued |
| --- | --- |
| China | 183,692 |
| India | 45,906 |
| Indonesia | 14,378 |
| Fiji | 13,511 |
| Philippines | 17,730 |
| Thailand | 15,074 |
| South Africa | 11,232 |
| Vietnam | 10,216 |
| Tonga | 9,918 |
| Samoa | 9,438 |
| Russia | 5,036 |

Most visitors came from the following countries of residence:

| Country | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | Change (%)<br>2016-17 | 2018 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Australia | 1,155,792 | 1,218,016 | 1,247,760 | 1,326,800 | 1,409,200 | 1,472,160 | 4.5 | 1,494,541 |
| China, People's Republic of | 197,024 | 228,928 | 264,864 | 355,904 | 409,008 | 417,872 | 2.2 | 448,189 |
| United States | 177,680 | 201,424 | 220,512 | 243,104 | 291,392 | 330,128 | 13.3 | 352,074 |
| United Kingdom | 189,648 | 191,632 | 194,416 | 203,952 | 220,976 | 249,264 | 12.8 | 237,166 |
| Germany | 63,776 | 69,808 | 78,912 | 84,544 | 96,848 | 104,864 | 8.3 | 102,087 |
| Japan | 72,080 | 74,560 | 81,136 | 87,328 | 100,736 | 102,048 | 1.3 | 99,784 |
| Korea, Republic of | 52,896 | 50,992 | 55,488 | 64,992 | 82,384 | 91,168 | 10.7 | 87,853 |
| Canada | 46,448 | 48,192 | 48,800 | 52,352 | 59,760 | 67,280 | 12.6 | 71,261 |
| India | 29,856 | 30,976 | 37,392 | 46,000 | 52,016 | 61,440 | 18.1 | 67,953 |
| Singapore | 36,400 | 42,256 | 46,848 | 49,584 | 57,344 | 58,544 | 2.1 | 61,464 |
| Hong Kong | 26,272 | 28,080 | 31,456 | 36,288 | 44,768 | 54,688 | 22.2 | 58,763 |
| Malaysia | 29,424 | 28,976 | 31,536 | 34,240 | 51,792 | 53,840 | 4.0 | 56,430 |
| Other countries | 487,322 | 503,855 | 518,280 | 546,839 | 623,715 | 670,411 | 7.5 |  |
| Total | 2,564,618 | 2,717,695 | 2,857,400 | 3,131,927 | 3,499,939 | 3,733,707 | 6.7 | 3,863,217 |

## History

### Before 1881

In the early years New Zealand was seen by Europeans as the most remote country on earth. For most Europeans New Zealand was an unappealing prospect, a strange and lonely land reached after 100 days on dangerous seas; its coasts were thought treacherous, its inhabitants bloodthirsty.

Only exceptional reasons led people to set off for such a distant corner of the globe.

Many of New Zealand's early immigrants first spent time in Australia, and most of them were only temporary visitors in search of items to trade.

Among the earliest visitors were sealers, attracted by the promise of high-quality oil, and fur for hats (often sold in China in return for tea). As early as 1792, whalers came to the northern end of the country, also as temporary visitors.

Also missionaries arrived in New Zealand. By 1839 the total non-Māori population was about 2,000.

Until 1839 there were only about 2,000 immigrants in New Zealand; by 1852 there were about 28,000.

The decisive moment for this remarkable change was 1840. In that year, the Treaty of Waitangi was signed. This established British authority in European eyes, and gave British immigrants legal rights as citizens. Most of the people who moved to New Zealand Company settlements were British.

From 1853 to 1870 the non-Māori population of New Zealand rose from just under 30,000 to over 250,000. As with the inflow of the 1840s, there were three main groups – assisted families coming directly from Britain; individuals from across the Tasman Sea looking for a better life; and military settlers.

### 1881–1914

Restrictions on immigration were first imposed in 1881. Until then, anyone who arrived in New Zealand had been able to remain in the country.

The Chinese Immigrants Act 1881 was the first to restrict the entry of a specific group of people.

The number of Chinese who could arrive on one ship was limited to one for every 10 tons of the vessel's weight. A poll tax of £10 was also imposed on each Chinese person entering the country.

Unlike the Chinese, most Indians were British subjects and free to enter New Zealand until the very end of the 19th century. From 1896, despite objections from the British government, New Zealand tried to pass more comprehensive legislation restricting the immigration not just of the Chinese but also of Indians and other Asians.

The 1899 act prohibited the entry of immigrants who were not of British or Irish parentage and who could not fill in an application form 'in any European language' – which in practice meant English. These rules were in place for the next 20 years. The fear of economic competition was one reason why the entry of Chinese, Indians and other 'race aliens' was restricted.

### 1914–1945

Under the War Regulations of 1916, during the First World War, no person over the age of 15 could land in New Zealand without a passport or other document establishing his or her nationality or identity.

Under the Undesirable Immigrants Exclusion Act 1919, Germans and Austro-Hungarians were prohibited from entering without a licence issued by the attorney general. The act also gave power to the attorney general to prohibit the entry of any person not resident in New Zealand – including British subjects – who was disaffected or disloyal, or of such a character that his presence would be injurious to the peace, order and good government' of New Zealand.

The Immigration Restriction Amendment Act 1920 was passed primarily to restrict possible Asian immigration, but Asians were not its only targets. It was also used to curb the entry of other non-British people, particularly Southern Europeans such as Dalmatians and Italians.

The 1931 Immigration Restriction Amendment Act, passed during the Depression period of the 1930s, prevented aliens (as non-British immigrants were still known) from Europe entering New Zealand. The only exceptions were if they had guaranteed employment, a considerable amount of capital, or knowledge and skills.

### 1945–1987

From 1961 only Australians had unrestricted entry to New Zealand. This was a long-standing right, established in 1840 when New Zealand became a British colony like Australia. Reciprocal travel arrangements, beginning in the 1920s, formalised this free movement from one country to the other. In 1973, the Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement allowed Australian and New Zealand citizens to enter each other's countries to visit, live, work, or remain indefinitely without having to apply for a permit.

Under the 1961 Immigration Amendment Act, British and Irish immigrants, along with other non-New Zealand citizens (except Australians, who could enter freely) were required to have a permit before entering New Zealand. In practice, the permit was only a formality for Britons and Irish; they were issued with permits on arrival. Nevertheless, for the first time, the 1961 act put British and non-British people on the same footing when they sought to enter New Zealand. After the immigration policy review of 1974, British migrants, like all others, were required to obtain a permit before they left their homelands. The British and Irish were now on the same footing as the nationals of other countries.

Between the 1940s and the 1970s, New Zealand concluded visa-free agreements with countries of Western Europe.

### 1987–2019

On 1 November 1987, the Immigration Act 1987 came into force which changed the selection process for immigrants to one of merit, finalising a shift that had begun in the 1960s away from the emphasis at the time on nationality and ethnic origin as the basis for determining which immigrants were to be admitted. Immigrants were now selected in three categories: skills and business, family and humanitarian.

The skills and business stream was originally based on an occupational priority list, but was replaced with a points system in 1991. The changes led to an increase in migration from non-traditional source countries (in particular from Asian countries), as it was now easier for these people to migrate to New Zealand.

Immigration legislation was later overhauled by the Immigration Act 2009, which came into effect on 29 November 2010. It modernised the earlier 1987 legislation, but did not make major changes to the criteria under which immigrants would apply to travel to and stay in New Zealand.

From 1987, visa-free access was provided to more countries, most notably Eastern European countries as they became members of the European Union. At the same time, illegal immigration saw the visa-free access of many Pacific and African nations being revoked.

The most recent amendment was made on 17 October 2016, which granted visa-free access for citizens of Mauritius and Seychelles, and revoked visa-free access for citizens of South Africa.


title: Vladimir Putin's First Cabinet

abstract: This article contains information about the First Cabinet of Vladimir Putin, in effect from 16 August 1999 to 7 May 2000. It was followed by Mikhail Kasyanov's Cabinet.

text:
# Vladimir Putin's First Cabinet

This article contains information about the **First Cabinet of Vladimir Putin**, in effect from 16 August 1999 to 7 May 2000. It was followed by Mikhail Kasyanov's Cabinet.

## Ministers

| Office | Minister | Period of office |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Prime Minister | Vladimir Putin | August 16, 1999 – May 7, 2000 |
| First Deputy Prime Minister | Mikhail Kasyanov | January 10, 2000 – May 7, 2000 |
| First Deputy Prime Minister | Nikolay Aksyonenko | August 19, 1999 – January 10, 2000 |
| First Deputy Prime Minister | Viktor Khristenko | August 19, 1999 – January 10, 2000 |
| Deputy Prime Minister | Ilya Klebanov | August 16, 1999 – May 7, 2000 |
| Deputy Prime Minister | Valentina Matvienko | August 16, 1999 – May 7, 2000 |
| Deputy Prime Minister | Vladimir Sherback | August 19, 1999 – May 7, 2000 |
| Deputy Prime Minister | Nikolay Koshman | October 15, 1999 – May 7, 2000 |
| Deputy Prime Minister | Sergey Shoygu | January 10, 2000 – May 7, 2000 |
| Deputy Prime Minister | Viktor Khristenko | January 10, 2000 – May 7, 2000 |
| Minister of Finance | Mikhail Kasyanov | August 16, 1999 – May 7, 2000 |
| Minister of Atomic Energy | Yevgeny Adamov | August 16, 1999 – May 7, 2000 |
| Minister of Agriculture | Alexey Gordeyev | August 16, 1999 – May 7, 2000 |
| Minister for Antimonopoly Policy and Support of Entrepreneurship | Ilya Yuzhanov | August 16, 1999 – May 7, 2000 |
| Minister of Fuel and Energy | Viktor Kalyuzhny | August 19, 1999 – May 7, 2000 |
| Minister of the Interior | Vladimir Rushaylo | August 16, 1999 – May 7, 2000 |
| Minister of Emergencies | Sergey Shoygu | August 16, 1999 – May 7, 2000 |
| Minister of Mass Media | Mikhail Lesin | August 16, 1999 – May 7, 2000 |
| Minister of Federal, Ethnic and Migration Policy | Vyacheslav Mikhailov | August 19, 1999 – January 6, 2000 |
| | Alexander Blokhin | January 6, 2000 – May 7, 2000 |
| Minister of Health | Yury Shevchenko | August 16, 1999 – May 7, 2000 |
| Minister of Property Relations | Farit Gazizullin | August 16, 1999 – May 7, 2000 |
| Minister of Foreign Affairs | Igor Ivanov | August 16, 1999 – May 7, 2000 |
| Minister of Culture | Vladimir Yegorov | August 19, 1999 – February 8, 2000 |
| | Mikhail Shvydkoy | February 8, 2000 – May 7, 2000 |
| Minister of Taxes | Alexander Pochinok | August 16, 1999 – May 7, 2000 |
| Minister of Defence | Igor Sergeev | August 16, 1999 – May 7, 2000 |
| Minister of Education | Vladimir Filippov | August 16, 1999 – May 7, 2000 |
| Minister of Natural Resources | Boris Yatskevich | August 16, 1999 – May 7, 2000 |
| Minister of Industry, Science and Technologies | Mikhail Kirpichnikov | August 19, 1999 – May 7, 2000 |
| Minister of Railways | Vladimir Starostenko | August 19, 1999 – September 16, 1999 |
| | Nikolay Aksyonenko | September 16, 1999 – May 7, 2000 |
| Minister of Telecommunications and Informatization | Leonid Reiman | November 12, 1999 – May 7, 2000 |
| Minister of Transport | Sergey Frank | August 16, 1999 – May 7, 2000 |
| Minister of Labor and Welfare Development | Sergey Kalashnikov | August 19, 1999 – May 7, 2000 |
| Minister of Economy | Andrey Shapoval'yants | August 19, 1999 – May 7, 2000 |
| Minister of Trade | Mikhail Fradkov | August 19, 1999 – May 7, 2000 |
| Minister of Justice | Yury Chaika | August 16, 1999 – May 7, 2000 |
| Minister – Chief of Staff of the Government | Dmitry Kozak | August 19, 1999 – May 7, 2000 |
| Minister of Sports, Physical Culture and Tourism | Boris Ivanyuzhenkov | August 19, 1999 – May 7, 2000 |
| Minister for Commonwealth of Independent States | Leonid Drachevsky | August 19, 1999 – May 7, 2000 |

## InfoBox

| First cabinet of Vladimir Putin | |
| --- | --- |
|
48th Cabinet of Russia | |
|  | |
| Date formed | 16 August 1999 |
| Date dissolved | 7 May 2000 |
| People and organisations | |
| Head of state | Boris Yeltsin
Vladimir Putin (Acting) |
| Head of government | Vladimir Putin
Mikhail Kasyanov (Acting) |
| Head of government's history | 1999–present |
| Deputy head of government | Mikhail Kasyanov
Nikolay Aksyonenko
Viktor Khristenko |
| No. of ministers | 16 |
| Member party | Unity
Our Home - Russia
Democratic Choice of Russia |
| Status in legislature | Coalition |
| Opposition party | Communist Party |
| Opposition leader | Gennady Zyuganov |
| History | |
| Predecessor | Stepashin |
| Successor | Kasyanov |