abstract: Live at the Royal Albert Hall is a live album by The Cinematic Orchestra, released in the UK on 14 April 2008 on Ninja Tune Records. The original concert was performed on 2 November 2007 at The Royal Albert Hall in London.

text:
# Live at the Royal Albert Hall (The Cinematic Orchestra album)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Tiny Mix Tapes | link |

***Live at the Royal Albert Hall*** is a live album by The Cinematic Orchestra, released in the UK on 14 April 2008 on Ninja Tune Records. The original concert was performed on 2 November 2007 at The Royal Albert Hall in London.

## Track listing

1. "All That You Give" (originally on *Every Day*)
2. "Child Song" (originally on *Ma Fleur*)
3. "Flite" (originally on *Every Day*)
4. "Familiar Ground" (featuring Heidi Vogel) (originally on *Ma Fleur*)
5. "To Build A Home" (featuring Grey Reverend) (originally on *Ma Fleur*)
6. "Prelude" (originally on *Ma Fleur*)
7. "Breathe" (featuring Heidi Vogel) (originally on *Ma Fleur*)
8. "Man With The Movie Camera" (originally on *Man with a Movie Camera*)
9. "Time & Space" (featuring Lou Rhodes) (originally on *Ma Fleur*)

## InfoBox

| Live at the Royal Albert Hall | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Live album by The Cinematic Orchestra | |
| Released | 14 April 2008 (UK) |
| Venue | Royal Albert Hall |
| Genre | Nu jazz, electronica, downtempo |
| Label | Ninja Tune (UK) |
| Producer | The Cinematic Orchestra |
| The Cinematic Orchestra chronology | |
| *Ma Fleur*
(2007) ***Live at the Royal Albert Hall***
(2008) *To Believe*
(2019) | |
|  | |
| Alternative cover | |
|  | |
| Cover of U.S. edition | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Paul Davison

abstract: Paul S. Davison is an English former professional snooker player from Pickering, North Yorkshire. First earning a place on the World Snooker Tour in 1992, he played on the tour until 1997, and has since regained his place on the Tour on three further occasions, most recently in the 2018-19 snooker season. Davison reached a peak of 70th in the world snooker rankings in 2012, and the farthest into a ranking tournament at the 2017 Riga Masters. He has made a total of 76 professional century breaks, the highest being a 144 made in qualifying for the 2001 World Snooker Championship.

text:
# Paul Davison

**Paul S. Davison** (born 1 October 1971) is an English former professional snooker player from Pickering, North Yorkshire. First earning a place on the World Snooker Tour in 1992, he played on the tour until 1997, and has since regained his place on the Tour on three further occasions, most recently in the 2018-19 snooker season. Davison reached a peak of 70th in the world snooker rankings in 2012, and the farthest into a ranking tournament at the 2017 Riga Masters. He has made a total of 76 professional century breaks, the highest being a 144 made in qualifying for the 2001 World Snooker Championship.

## Career

### Early career

In the 2009–10 season he finished third in the PIOS rankings, and thus retained his place on the 2010/2011 professional Main Tour. He came through three qualification matches, concluding with a narrow 5–4 victory over Dominic Dale, to progress to the wildcard round of the 2012 German Masters. He beat Pole Krzysztof Wróbel 5–2 to reach the main stage of a ranking event for the first time, drawing reigning UK Champion Judd Trump and was soundly beaten 1–5 in only 75 minutes.

The run earned him valuable ranking points as he continued to strive towards his goal of getting into the top 64 in the world to ensure his place on the tour for next season. However, he did not win another match in the remainder of the season and finished it ranked world number 81, meaning he had to enter Q School to have a chance of playing in the 2012–13 season. In May, Davison won five matches at the second Q School event, concluding with a 4–2 win over Gareth Allen to earn a place on the tour for the next two years.

### 2012/2013 season

Davison almost qualified for the 2012 International Championship, the fourth ranking event of the 2012/2013 season. He saw off Fraser Patrick, Peter Lines and Ben Woollaston, but then lost 3–6 to Dominic Dale in the final round. Davison had a consistent year in the minor-ranking Players Tour Championship Events, with his best result coming in the third European Tour Event, where he beat Ricky Norris, Joel Walker and Chris Norbury, before losing to world number one Mark Selby 3–4 in the last 16. He reached the last 32 on two other occasions which helped Davison finish 48th on the PTC Order of Merit. Davison's season ended when he lost 7–10 to Alfie Burden in the second round of World Championship Qualifying, which saw him end the year ranked world number 75.

### 2013/2014 season

In the qualifiers for the Australian Goldfields Open Davison won his first match of the season 5–4 against Andrew Norman, making a 141 break during the match. Further wins over Peter Lines and Mark King followed to see Davison into the main draw of a ranking event for the second time in his career. In the first round he made breaks of 112 and 124 to lead Mark Davis 4–3 with his opponent requiring a snooker with one red left. Davis got the snooker on the final pink and potted the pink and black to level the match. Davison also led the deciding frame 49–10 but would ultimately lose the match 5–4. Davison defeated Gerard Greene 6–4 in the first round of the UK Championship and raced into a 3–0 second round lead against world number seven Shaun Murphy, before conceding six frames in a row to exit the event. After the match Davison said that he loved the experience and had done very little wrong in the match as Murphy's fightback was as good matchplay snooker as you could see.

Davison's second last 32 appearance of the season came at the German Masters after he recorded one of the best results of his career by knocking out world number nine Marco Fu 5–2. He led Rod Lawler 4–1 in the next round but could not reach the last 16 of a ranking event for the first time as he was defeated 5–4. After Davison lost 10–2 against Alan McManus in World Championship qualifying he could no longer reach the top 64 in the world rankings as he was placed 82nd and therefore played in Q School in an attempt to earn his place back. He lost in the last 64 in both events to fall well short of doing so.

### 2014/2015 season

> It’s nice to be back as a pro because it was tough last year playing as an amateur. I believe I am as good a player as I’ve ever been and that age is no barrier – Stuart Bingham showed that by winning the World title for the first time at the age of 38. I’m sure most players think about giving up snooker at some point. But I keep myself in good shape and still believe I can play for another five or ten years.

Davison on winning his place back on the tour.

Davison played in all six of the minor-ranking European Tour events during the 2014–15 season. His best performance came at the Riga Open, where he reached the last 32 with 4–3 and 4–1 wins over Jack Lisowski and Gerard Greene respectively, but he then lost 4–2 to Matthew Selt. A 4–3 victory against Kyren Wilson at the Paul Hunter Classic was his only other win in a European Tour event, with Davison losing 4–3 to Dechawat Poomjaeng in the subsequent round. He had two chances to rejoin the professional tour. The first came at the EBSA Play-offs where Davison was knocked out 4–3 by Martin O'Donnell in round two. His second came at the 2015 Q School and in the second event Davison won six games, concluding with a 4–3 victory over Luke Simmonds to earn a two-year tour card.

### 2015/2016 season

Davison lost eight matches in a row from October 2015 until April 2016 when he beat Yu Delu 10–9 in the first round of World Championship. He lost 10–7 to Thepchaiya Un-Nooh in the following round. He only won a total of four matches all season.

### 2016/2017 season

Davison knocked out three players to reach the final qualifying round for the Shanghai Masters, but he was thrashed 5–0 by Anthony McGill. He recovered from 2–0 down against Gary Wilson in the opening round of the UK Championship to win 6–3, before losing 6–4 to Ben Woollaston. After beating Joe Swail 4–0 in the first round of the Welsh Open, Davison was defeated 4–1 by Zhou Yuelong. He qualified for the China Open, but lost 5–0 in the opening round to Ding Junhui and entered Q School again to try and stay on the tour as he would have been relegated from it at the end of the season due to being ranked world number 91. He won through to the final round of the first event and was defeated 4–2 by Billy Joe Castle. Davison also got to the final round of the second event and this time beat James Cahill 4–2 to remain on tour and mean he has successfully advanced through Q School three times.

## Performance and rankings timeline

| Tournament | 1992/
93 | 1993/
94 | 1994/
95 | 1995/
96 | 1996/
97 | 1997/
98 | 1998/
99 | 1999/
00 | 2000/
01 | 2001/
02 | 2002/
03 | 2003/
04 | 2004/
05 | 2006/
07 | 2008/
09 | 2010/
11 | 2011/
12 | 2012/
13 | 2013/
14 | 2014/
15 | 2015/
16 | 2016/
17 | 2017/
18 | 2018/
19 | 2019/
20 | 2020/
21 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Ranking |  | 283 | 237 | 202 | 165 |  |  |  |  |  | 98 |  |  |  |  |  | 72 |  | 74 |  |  | 79 |  | 87 |  |  |
| **Ranking tournaments** | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| European Masters | LQ | LQ | LQ | LQ | LQ | NH | LQ | Not Held | | LQ | LQ | A | LQ | LQ | Tournament Not Held | | | | | | | LQ | LQ | 1R | LQ | A |
| English Open | Tournament Not Held | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1R | 1R | 1R | A | 1R |
| Championship League | Tournament Not Held | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Non-Ranking Event | | | | | | | | | | | RR |
| Northern Ireland Open | Tournament Not Held | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1R | 2R | 1R | A | 1R |
| UK Championship | LQ | LQ | LQ | LQ | LQ | A | LQ | A | A | LQ | LQ | A | LQ | LQ | LQ | LQ | LQ | LQ | 2R | A | 1R | 2R | 1R | 2R | A | 1R |
| Scottish Open | LQ | LQ | LQ | LQ | LQ | A | LQ | A | A | LQ | LQ | A | Tournament Not Held | | | | | MR | Not Held | | | 1R | 1R | 2R | A | 1R |
| World Grand Prix | Tournament Not Held | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | NR | DNQ | DNQ | DNQ | DNQ | DNQ | DNQ |
| German Masters | Not Held | | | LQ | LQ | A | NR | Tournament Not Held | | | | | | | | LQ | 1R | LQ | 2R | A | LQ | LQ | LQ | LQ | LQ | LQ |
| Shoot-Out | Tournament Not Held | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Non-Ranking Event | | | | | | 1R | 1R | 1R | 1R | 1R |
| Welsh Open | LQ | LQ | LQ | LQ | LQ | A | LQ | A | A | LQ | LQ | A | LQ | LQ | LQ | LQ | LQ | LQ | 1R | A | 1R | 2R | 1R | 3R | A | 1R |
| Players Championship | Tournament Not Held | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | DNQ | DNQ | DNQ | DNQ | DNQ | DNQ | DNQ | DNQ | DNQ | DNQ | DNQ |
| Gibraltar Open | Tournament Not Held | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | MR | 1R | 1R | 1R | A | 1R |
| WST Pro Series | Tournament Not Held | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | RR |
| Tour Championship | Tournament Not Held | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | DNQ | DNQ | DNQ |
| World Championship | LQ | LQ | LQ | LQ | LQ | LQ | LQ | LQ | LQ | LQ | LQ | LQ | LQ | LQ | LQ | LQ | LQ | LQ | LQ | A | LQ | LQ | LQ | LQ | LQ | LQ |
| **Non-ranking tournaments** | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| World Seniors Championship | Tournament Not Held | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | A | A | A | A | LQ | A | A | A | A | A | A |
| The Masters | LQ | LQ | LQ | LQ | LQ | LQ | LQ | LQ | LQ | LQ | LQ | A | LQ | LQ | LQ | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A |
| **Former ranking tournaments** | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Dubai Classic | LQ | LQ | LQ | LQ | LQ | Tournament Not Held | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Thailand Masters | LQ | LQ | LQ | LQ | LQ | A | LQ | A | A | NR | Not Held | | | NR | Tournament Not Held | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| British Open | LQ | LQ | LQ | LQ | LQ | A | LQ | A | A | LQ | LQ | A | LQ | Tournament Not Held | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Irish Masters | Non-Ranking Event | | | | | | | | | | LQ | A | LQ | NR | Tournament Not Held | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Northern Ireland Trophy | Tournament Not Held | | | | | | | | | | | | | LQ | LQ | Tournament Not Held | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Bahrain Championship | Tournament Not Held | | | | | | | | | | | | | | LQ | Tournament Not Held | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Wuxi Classic | Tournament Not Held | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Non-Ranking Event | | | LQ | LQ | LQ | Tournament Not Held | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Australian Goldfields Open | Not Held | | Non-Ranking | | Tournament Not held | | | | | | | | | | | | | LQ | LQ | 1R | LQ | Tournament Not Held | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Shanghai Masters | Tournament Not Held | | | | | | | | | | | | | | LQ | LQ | LQ | LQ | LQ | A | LQ | LQ | LQ | Non-Ranking | | NH |
| Paul Hunter Classic | Tournament Not Held | | | | | | | | | | | | Pro-am Event | | | Minor-Ranking Event | | | | | | 1R | 3R | 1R | NR | NH |
| Indian Open | Tournament Not Held | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1R | LQ | NH | LQ | LQ | 1R | Not Held | |
| China Open | Tournament Not Held | | | | | NR | LQ | A | A | LQ | Not Held | | LQ | LQ | LQ | LQ | LQ | LQ | LQ | A | LQ | 1R | 1R | LQ | Not Held | |
| Riga Masters | Tournament Not Held | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Minor-Rank | | LQ | 3R | LQ | LQ | NH |
| International Championship | Tournament Not Held | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | LQ | 1R | A | LQ | LQ | LQ | LQ | A | NH |
| China Championship | Tournament Not Held | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | NR | LQ | LQ | A | NH |
| World Open | LQ | LQ | LQ | LQ | LQ | A | LQ | A | A | LQ | LQ | A | LQ | RR | LQ | LQ | LQ | LQ | LQ | Not Held | | LQ | LQ | 1R | A | NH |
| **Former non-ranking tournaments** | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Shoot-Out | Tournament Not Held | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | A | A | 1R | 1R | A | A | Ranking Event | | | | |
| Haining Open | Tournament Not Held | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Minor-Rank | | 1R | A | 2R | A | NH |

| Performance Table Legend | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| LQ | lost in the qualifying draw | #R | lost in the early rounds of the tournament
(WR = Wildcard round, RR = Round robin) | QF | lost in the quarter-finals |
| SF | lost in the semi-finals | F | lost in the final | **W** | won the tournament |
| DNQ | did not qualify for the tournament | A | did not participate in the tournament | WD | withdrew from the tournament |
| DQ | disqualified from the tournament |  |  |  |  |

| NH / Not Held | | | | event was not held. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| NR / Non-Ranking Event | | | | event is/was no longer a ranking event. |
| R / Ranking Event | | | | event is/was a ranking event. |
| MR / Minor-Ranking Event | | | | event is/was a minor-ranking event. |

## Career finals

### Non-ranking finals: 2

| Outcome | No. | Year | Championship | Opponent in the final | Score |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Runner-up | 1. | 2001 | Merseyside Professional Championship | Nick Dyson | 2–5 |
| Runner-up | 2. | 2003 | Challenge Tour - Event 1 | Stefan Mazrocis | 2–6 |

### Pro-am finals: 2

| Outcome | No. | Year | Championship | Opponent in the final | Score |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Runner-up | 1. | 2008 | Pontins Pro-Am - Event 5 | Peter Lines | 1–4 |
| Runner-up | 2. | 2009 | Pontins Pro-Am - Event 2 | Michael White | 3–5 |

### Amateur finals: 7 (4 titles)

| Outcome | No. | Year | Championship | Opponent in the final | Score |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Runner-up | 1. | 2002 | English Open | Richard King | 5–8 |
| Winner | 1. | 2004 | EASB Open Tour - Event 8 | Wayne Cooper | 4–2 |
| Runner-up | 2. | 2006 | PIOS - Event 5 | Chris Melling | 5–6 |
| Runner-up | 3. | 2006 | PIOS - Event 6 | Liu Song | 3–6 |
| Winner | 2. | 2007 | PIOS - Event 6 | Michael King | 6–2 |
| Winner | 3. | 2009 | PIOS - Event 3 | Kyren Wilson | 6–4 |
| Winner | 4. | 2010 | PIOS - Event 7 | Justin Astley | 6–2 |

1. "Paul Davison". *World Snooker Tour*. Archived from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
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## InfoBox

Paul Davison
| Davison at the 2016 Paul Hunter Classic | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1971-10-01) 1 October 1971
Pickering, North Riding of Yorkshire, England |
| Sport country | England |
| Nickname | Snowy |
| Professional | 1992–1997, 1998/1999, 2001–2003, 2004/2005, 2006/2007, 2008/2009, 2010–2014, 2015–2019 |
| Highest ranking | 70 (November–December 2012) |
| Best ranking finish | Last 16 (x1) |


title: Linburn Centre

abstract: The Linburn Centre is a day centre for blinded war veterans at Wilkieston in West Lothian, Scotland, around 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) west of the city of Edinburgh. The centre is located within the estate of Linburn House, a country house which was demolished in 1955. It is operated by the charity Scottish War Blinded.

text:
# Linburn Centre

The **Linburn Centre** is a day centre for blinded war veterans at Wilkieston in West Lothian, Scotland, around 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) west of the city of Edinburgh. The centre is located within the estate of Linburn House, a country house which was demolished in 1955. It is operated by the charity Scottish War Blinded.

## History

The Scottish National Institution for the War Blinded was established in 1915 to care for servicemen blinded in the First World War. The Institution purchased the Linburn estate in 1944 and developed housing, workshops and recreational facilities within the grounds of the house. Linburn House itself was used as a hospital before being demolished in 1955. 16 purpose-built homes were constructed for blinded veterans and their families.

In 2002 the hostel at Linburn, which provided nursing accommodation for blind veterans, was closed and the residents re-housed. In 2009 it was announced that a new centre would be built and that the design of the centre, by Page\Park Architects, had been inspired by a Chinese dragon on display in the old building. The new building was officially opened by the Duke of Gloucester in June 2011.

## Services

The centre incorporates a wide range of facilities to equip members with the skills and opportunities they require to maintain and improve the quality of their life. It is a center of activity and socialisation for members within the local area, but is also ideal for occasional short course use for members from further afield.

## InfoBox

| Linburn Centre | |
| --- | --- |
| Scottish War Blinded | |
| Main entrance | |
| Shown in West Lothian | |
| Geography | |
| Location | Wilkieston, West Lothian, Scotland, United Kingdom |
| Coordinates | 55°54′00″N 3°24′25″W / 55.900°N 3.407°W / 55.900; -3.407 |
| Organisation | |
| Care system | Private |
| Type | Specialist |
| Services | |
| Speciality | Blind people |
| History | |
| Opened | 1944 |
| Links | |
| Lists | Hospitals in Scotland |


title: YY1AP1

abstract: YY1-associated protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the YY1AP1 gene. The encoded gene product presumably interacts with YY1 protein; however, its exact function is not known. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms.

text:
# YY1AP1

**YY1-associated protein 1** is a protein that in humans is encoded by the *YY1AP1* gene.

The encoded gene product presumably interacts with YY1 protein; however, its exact function is not known. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| YY1AP1 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Identifiers | | | |
| Aliases | YY1AP1, HCCA1, HCCA2, YAP, YY1AP, YY1 associated protein 1, GRNG | | |
| External IDs | OMIM: 607860; HomoloGene: 130398; GeneCards: YY1AP1; OMA:YY1AP1 - orthologs | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
| Orthologs  Species **Human** **Mouse**  Entrez   Ensembl   UniProt   RefSeq (mRNA)      n/a   RefSeq (protein)      n/a   Location (UCSC) Chr 1: 155.66 – 155.69 Mb n/a  PubMed search  n/a | | | |
| Wikidata | | | |
| View/Edit Human | | | |


title: Sándor Sztranyavszky

abstract: Sándor Sztranyavszky was a Hungarian politician, who served as Speaker of the House of Representatives of Hungary between 1935 and 1938 and as Minister of Agriculture in 1938. He started his political career as a representative of the Party of National Work from 1912 until end of the First World War. He was the chief administrator of Nógrád and Hont counties in 1922. He served as political state secretary of the Interior Ministry between 1926 and 1931. He managed the parliamentary elections of 1926 and 1931. During the premiership of Gyula Gömbös he was the chairman of the governing Party of National Unity. He became Speaker of the House of Representatives in 1935 and holding this office until 1938. The new prime minister Béla Imrédy appointed him Minister of Agriculture on 14 May 1938. Later he did not agree with Imrédy's politics and resigned. In addition, he quit the party along with several conservative politicians and MPs.

text:
# Sándor Sztranyavszky

**Sándor Sztranyavszky** (9 December 1882 – 30 April 1942) was a Hungarian politician, who served as Speaker of the House of Representatives of Hungary between 1935 and 1938 and as Minister of Agriculture in 1938.

He started his political career as a representative of the Party of National Work from 1912 until end of the First World War. He was the chief administrator of Nógrád and Hont counties in 1922. He served as political state secretary of the Interior Ministry between 1926 and 1931. He managed the parliamentary elections of 1926 and 1931. During the premiership of Gyula Gömbös he was the chairman of the governing Party of National Unity.

He became Speaker of the House of Representatives (the lower house) in 1935 and holding this office until 1938. The new prime minister Béla Imrédy appointed him Minister of Agriculture on 14 May 1938. Later he did not agree with Imrédy's politics and resigned. In addition, he quit the party along with several conservative politicians and MPs.

## InfoBox

| Sándor Sztranyavszky | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Minister of Agriculture of Hungary | |
| **In office**
14 May 1938  15 November 1938 | |
| Preceded by | Ferenc Marschall |
| Succeeded by | Mihály Teleki |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1882-12-09)9 December 1882
Balassagyarmat, Kingdom of Hungary, Austria-Hungary |
| Died | 30 April 1942(1942-04-30) (aged 59)
Nógrádmarcal, Kingdom of Hungary |
| Political party | Party of National Work, Unity Party, Party of National Unity |
| Profession | politician |
|  | |


title: Pakala, Prakasam district

abstract: Pakala is a village in Prakasam district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is located in Singarayakonda mandal.

text:
# Pakala, Prakasam district

**Pakala** is a village in Prakasam district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is located in Singarayakonda mandal.

## Geography

Pakala is located on the shore of the Bay of Bengal, 5 km (3.1 mi) east of Singarayakonda and 3 km (1.9 mi) north of Ullapalem, with sea on the east. It is located at coordinates 15°16' N and 80°04' E at elevation starting at one foot near Pallepalem and about 25 ft (7.6 m) on the west side of village.

## Demographics

As of 2011 India census, Pakala had a population of 26,500 Males: 14,000. Females: 12,500.

## InfoBox

| Pakala | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Dynamic map | |
| PakalaLocation in Andhra Pradesh, India | |
| Coordinates: 15°16′10″N 80°04′19″E / 15.2694°N 80.0720°E / 15.2694; 80.0720 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Andhra Pradesh |
| District | Prakasam |
| Government | |
| Body | Gram panchayat |
| Languages | |
| Official | Telugu |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 523101 |
| ISO 3166 code | IN-AP |
| Vehicle registration | AP |


title: Onno J. Boxma

abstract: Onno Johan Boxma is a Dutch mathematician, and Professor at the Eindhoven University of Technology, known for several contributions to queueing theory and applied probability theory.

text:
# Onno J. Boxma

**Onno Johan Boxma** (born 1952) is a Dutch mathematician, and Professor at the Eindhoven University of Technology, known for several contributions to queueing theory and applied probability theory.

## Biography

Born in The Hague, Boxma earned his B.Sc. in Mathematics at Delft University of Technology in 1974, and his Ph.D. cum laude in Mathematic from Utrecht University in 1977 on the dissertation entitled "Analysis of Models for Tandem Queues", advised by Wim Cohen.

Boxma continued at Utrecht as faculty from 1974 to 1985, and was IBM Research postdoctoral fellow in 1978–79, before joining the faculty of Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica in Amsterdam. There he chaired the performance analysis group until 1998. He was full professor at University of Tilburg from 1987 to 1988. and since 1998 he is as full professor holding the chair of Stochastic Operations Research in the Department of Mathematics and Computer Science at Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, becoming vice dean of the department in 2009.

He was the editor-in-chief of Queueing Systems from 2004 to 2009, and scientific director of EURANDOM from 2005-2010. In 2009 he was awarded an honorary degree by the University of Haifa (Israel), and received the 2011 ACM SIGMETRICS Achievement Award in June 2011. Also, he is honorary professor in Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK (2008-2010 and 2011-2013).

## Work

Boxma's research focuses on the field of applied probability and stochastic operations, particularly of queueing theory and its application to the performance analysis of computer, communication and production systems.

## Publications

Books, a selection:

Articles, a selection:

## InfoBox

| Onno J. Boxma | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1952 (age 7172)<br>The Hague, the Netherlands |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Mathematician |
| Institutions | Technische Universiteit Eindhoven |
| Thesis | *Analysis of Models for Tandem Queues*  (1977) |
| Doctoral advisor | Wim Cohen |
|  | |


title: Leucoconis

abstract: Leucoconis is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown, and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Leucoconis erysiphina.

text:
# Leucoconis

***Leucoconis*** is a genus of fungi in the Ascomycota phylum. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown (*incertae sedis*), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species ***Leucoconis erysiphina***.

## InfoBox

| *Leucoconis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Incertae sedis |
| Order: | Incertae sedis |
| Family: | Incertae sedis |
| Genus: | ***Leucoconis***
Theiss. & Syd. |
|
| Type species | |
| ***Leucoconis erysiphina***
(Syd. & P. Syd.) Theiss. & Syd. | |


title: True (cigarette)

abstract: True is an American brand of cigarettes, currently owned by Reynolds American and manufactured through its subsidiary R.J. Reynolds. The brand was created and formerly owned by the Lorillard Tobacco Company.

text:
# True (cigarette)

**True** is an American brand of cigarettes, currently owned by Reynolds American and manufactured through its subsidiary R.J. Reynolds. The brand was created and formerly owned by the Lorillard Tobacco Company.

## History

True was introduced in September 1966 by Lorillard in 10 major U.S. markets, with national distribution beginning on November 1, 1966. The tagline for the new brand was *"Shouldn't your brand be True?"*. The cigarette, when first introduced, was full flavored. It was later available in a reduced tar and nicotine version during the 1970s and 1980s.

True cigarettes, like Parliament cigarettes, have a recessed filter. However, whereas Parliaments have nothing in the recessed space, Trues have a plastic piece (round with a triangle in the middle and radials which extend to the outside) which prevents the top of the cigarette from being broken, torn, or crushed.

In 2015, Reynolds American acquired the brand after they bought the Lorillard Tobacco Company.

## Advertising

Lorillard made various poster advertisements to promote the True brand as a "low tar, low nicotine" brand.

A few TV ads were also made to promote the brand in the late 1960s to early 1970s.

## Varieties

* Filters Kings: Soft Pack, Box
* Filters 100s: Soft Pack, Box
* Menthol Kings: Soft Pack, Box
* Menthol 100s: Soft Pack, Box

## InfoBox

True
| Old logo of True cigarettes | |
| --- | --- |
| Product type | Cigarette |
| Owner | Reynolds American |
| Produced by | R.J. Reynolds |
| Country | United States |
| Introduced | September 1966 (1966-09) |
| Related brands | Kent, Pall Mall |
| Markets | United States |
| Previous owners | Lorillard (1966–2015) |
| Tagline | *"Shouldn't your brand be True?"* |
| Carcinogenicity: IARC group 1 | |


title: Paul Gardner (journalist)

abstract: Paul Gardner is an American soccer journalist and author. He has written more than one thousand columns for Soccer America. He covered American soccer for England's World Soccer magazine since 1973. His books include The Simplest Game, Nice Guys Finish Last and SoccerTalk: Life Under the Spell of the Round Ball.

text:
# Paul Gardner (journalist)

**Paul Gardner** (born May 15, 1930 in Ramsgate, England) is an American soccer journalist and author. He has written more than one thousand columns for Soccer America. He covered American soccer for England's World Soccer magazine since 1973. His books include *The Simplest Game*, *Nice Guys Finish Last* and *SoccerTalk: Life Under the Spell of the Round Ball.*

## Career

Gardner studied pharmacy at the University of Nottingham and from 1953 through 1959, as a Fellow of the Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, worked in London as the assistant editor of Pharmacy Digest.

Gardner immigrated to the United States in 1959 and became the managing editor of a medical magazine. He started covering American sports for British publications in 1961, when his feature on Roger Maris and Mickey Mantle’s pursuit of Babe Ruth's 60-home run record appeared in The Observer.

In 1964, Gardner left the medical magazine and spent two years in Italy before returning to New York, where he discovered a sudden American interest in pro soccer. The United Soccer Association and the National Professional Soccer League – which eventually merged into the NASL – launched in 1967.

The emergence of American pro soccer in the late 1960s coincided with Gardner’s start as a full-time free-lance journalist and he has since covered soccer for publications on both sides of the Atlantic.

Among the publications he has written for are Sports Illustrated, The New York Times, USA Today, The New York Daily News, The Sporting News, The Village Voice, The Times (London), The Guardian (London) and The Independent (London).

Gardner was the color commentator for the first-ever live telecast in the United States of a World Cup final, in 1982 on ABC. He also served as ABC color commentator with legendary Jim McKay of NASL games in 1979-81.

He also did commentary for NBC (1986 World Cup), CBS (NASL) and ESPN (college), and has been a film producer and was the scriptwriter and soccer adviser for the award-winning instructional series *Pele: The Master and His Method* in 1973.

He has covered nine World Cups and 10 Under-17 World Cups—plus FIFA Under-20 World Cups, Olympics, European Championships and Copa América tournaments.

Gardner, whose columns at one point appeared twice a week at Soccer America, received the 2010 Colin Jose Media Award from the National Soccer Hall of Fame.

## Personal

In 1930 in England, Gardner attended a Ramsgate school that did not field a soccer team because it was seen as a common, working-class sport. But he and friends created their own team and played games in secret on Saturday mornings.

"In the afternoon many of us played for the school in rugby or field hockey," Gardner wrote in the introduction of his book, *SoccerTalk.* "Who knows what awful punishment we would have suffered had it got out that we were wasting our adolescent muscle power on soccer only a few hours before school duty called?"

In trying to explain why soccer cast some sort of spell over him, Gardner has written: "I find in soccer what I have found in life: unpredictability, constant surprises, and a fascinating contrariness. It is an activity that suggests it has a mind of its own, one that will tease and disappoint as much as it rewards.

"A little world where players don’t do things you were quite certain they would do, and other players do things you never thought they were capable of. A world where planning goes astray and experts are repeatedly confounded."

## Themes

Gardner is well known for his columns criticizing the influences on the game —especially business and coaching—that he sees as threats to the beauty of soccer and its fundamental values as entertainment.

He has persistently called on soccer’s governing bodies to crack down on thuggish play and to reverse the trend of low scoring. Some of his recommendations have been implemented. In 1977, he began writing that the offside rule be changed so that an attacker in line with the last defender would be considered onside. FIFA made the change in 1990. FIFA also adopted his suggestions on how refs deliver second yellow cards, requiring numbers on the front of jerseys, and clarifying in its rulebook the ejection of coaches. For the 1994 World Cup, FIFA implemented his suggestion to require numbers on the front of players' jerseys.

Gardner is a vehement critic of the shootout as a tiebreaker, advocating instead the counting of corner kicks.

He has long been a proponent of the Latin style of play and an unrelenting critic of the United States' historic neglect of Hispanic talent.

## Books

* Gardner, Paul (1999). *SoccerTalk: Life Under the Spell of the Round Ball*. Chicago: Masters Press. ISBN 978-1-57028-231-7.
* Gardner, Paul (1996). *The Simplest Game: The Intelligent Fan's Guide to the World of Soccer*. New York: Macmillan USA. ISBN 978-0-02-860401-5.
* Gardner, Paul (1974). *Nice guys finish last: Sport and American life*. London: A. Lane. ISBN 978-0-7139-0728-5.
* Gardner, Paul (1972). *Sports illustrated soccer*. Philadelphia: Lippincott. ISBN 978-0-397-00908-4. (with Phil Woosnam)
* *Pele: The Master and His Method* (1973, ASIN, B002IZWFZ8)

## Film

* *Pele: The Master and His Method* Instructional Series (1973) Writer, soccer adviser

* *Pele's New World* Documentary of Pele's first season with New York Cosmos (1975) Co-producer, co-director, writer

## Television

**Color Commentator**

* NBC: 1986 World Cup (seven games including final)
* NBC: 1984 European Cup final
* NBC: 1984 World Cup qualifying
* ABC: 1982 World Cup final
* ESPN: 1981 NCAA Division I
* ABC: 1979-81 North American Soccer League
* TVS: 1977-78 North American Soccer League
* CBS: 1977 North American Soccer League
* Channel 67-NY: 1974-75 New York Cosmos

## InfoBox

| Paul Gardner | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1930-05-15) May 15, 1930<br>Ramsgate, England |
| Occupation | Writer |
| Genre | Journalism |
| Notable works | *Nice Guys Finish Last: Sports and American Life* *The Simplest Game: The Intelligent Fan’s Guide to the World of Soccer* |
| Website | |
| www.socceramerica.com/author/paul-gardner | |


title: Vattakottai Fort

abstract: Vattakottai Fort is a seaside fort near Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu the southern tip of India. It was built in the 18th century as a coastal defence-fortification and barracks in the former Travancore kingdom. It was constructed in the 18th century by Punachal/Elakkara Valiyaveetil Marthandan Chempakaraman Pillai for the kings of Travancore. Marthanda Pillai was born in an aristocratic house in Punachal Elakkara near Kuzhikode near Palliyadi in Kanyakumari district.. The house was a house that was associated with the royal family. Marthanda Pillai was born in the month of May 903 in Bharani Nakshatra, the son of Neelamma Pillai, a member of the said house, and Iravikurup, the bodyguard of Marthanda Varma. Later it was modified under the supervision of Captain Eustachius De Lannoy, an ex-Dutch naval officer of the Dutch East India Company, who became commander of the Travancore Army in the 18th century, after he earned the trust of the Travancore King Marthanda Varma. De Lannoy reconstructed Vattakottai, as part of the defence-fortifications he undertook throughout Travancore. The fort is made of granite blocks and, today, a part of the fort extends into the sea. It is a protected site under the Indian archaeological department. A major renovation of the fort was undertaken recently by the department, and the site is now a popular tourist spot. Vattakottai Fort commands a picturesque view of both the sea on the one side, and the hills on the other. Another interesting feature near the site is a beach of black sands. It is about 7 km (4.3 mi) from Kanyakumari town.

text:
# Vattakottai Fort

**Vattakottai Fort** (or 'Circular Fort') is a seaside fort near Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu the southern tip of India. It was built in the 18th century as a coastal defence-fortification and barracks in the former Travancore kingdom.

It was constructed in the 18th century by Punachal/Elakkara Valiyaveetil Marthandan Chempakaraman Pillai for the kings of Travancore. Marthanda Pillai was born in an aristocratic house in Punachal Elakkara near Kuzhikode near Palliyadi in Kanyakumari district. (Then South Travancore). The house was a house that was associated with the royal family. Marthanda Pillai was born in the month of May 903 in Bharani Nakshatra, the son of Neelamma Pillai, a member of the said house, and Iravikurup, the bodyguard of Marthanda Varma. Later it was modified under the supervision of Captain Eustachius De Lannoy, an ex-Dutch naval officer of the Dutch East India Company, who became commander of the Travancore Army (the very army that defeated him in the Battle of Colachel) in the 18th century, after he earned the trust of the Travancore King Marthanda Varma. De Lannoy reconstructed Vattakottai, as part of the defence-fortifications he undertook throughout Travancore.

The fort is made of granite blocks and, today, a part of the fort extends into the sea. It is a protected site under the Indian archaeological department. A major renovation of the fort was undertaken recently by the department, and the site is now a popular tourist spot.

Vattakottai Fort commands a picturesque view of both the sea on the one side, and the hills (Western Ghats) on the other. Another interesting feature near the site is a beach of black sands. It is about 7 km (4.3 mi) from Kanyakumari town.

## InfoBox

| Vattakottai Fort | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | Kanyakumari, India |
| Coordinates | 8°07′30″N 77°33′54″E / 8.125°N 77.565°E / 8.125; 77.565 |
|  | |
| Location in Tamil Nadu, India | |


title: Søren Dosenrode

abstract: Søren Dosenrode-Lynge is a Danish political scientist. Since 1994 Dosenrode has been Jean Monnet Professor of European Politics and Administration at Aalborg University, and was professor of international politics in 2012–2019. Since 2023 he is professor of contemporary history also at Aalborg University.

text:
# Søren Dosenrode

**Søren Dosenrode-Lynge** is a Danish political scientist. Since 1994 Dosenrode has been Jean Monnet Professor of European Politics and Administration at Aalborg University, and was professor of international politics in 2012–2019. Since 2023 he is professor of contemporary history also at Aalborg University.

## Biography

Dosenrode holds a cand. phil. (M.Phil., 1987) in political science from the University of Copenhagen and a dr. phil. in political science from the University of Zürich (1992).

From 1995 to 2000 Dosenrode was a head of studies (studieleder) in which capacity he initiated i.a. the international Master of European Studies in 1997. In the period 1996-2002 Dosenrode was chairman of the board of Aalborg University Press.

In 2001 he founded the Institute of History, international and Social Studies at Aalborg University and was it first director (Jan. 2000 until Dec. 2005) He also founded the Center of Comparative Integration Studies (2005-2016), the Kaj Munk Research Center (2005-\>) and received a Jean Monnet Center of Excellence (2015). Since 2017 he heads the Aalborg Center of European Studies (ACEuS), and from 2020 the Regional and International studies research group (REGIS).

Dosenrode was a senior guest research at various universities in Europe. During the summer 2003 he attended the MLE at Harvard University

Dosenrode is or has been a chairman or a member of various boards and committees including the Danish government's Council for European Politics. Since 2008, Dosenrode is a member of the board of the Danish Society for European Studies (Danish branch of ECSA), from 2020 as vice president.

Dosenrode has been decorated on a number of occasions e.g. Member of the Danish Order of Dannebrog (2014), Officer of the Austria Decoration of Honor for Services to the Republic of Austria (2021), and Knight of Honor of the German Order of Saint John (2014).

## Research

His scholarly work focuses on theory of regional integration, Europeanization, European Studies, as well as Christianity and politics focusing on studies of Kaj Munk and his time.

## Books

* *The European Union and the Middle East*. London: Sheffield Academic Press, (2002), ISBN 978-0826460882.
* *Approaching the EUropean federation?*. Aldershot, England, (2007), Ashgate Pub. ISBN 978-0-7546-4244-2.
* *The European Union after Lisbon: Polity, Politics, Policy*. Ashgate Publishing, (28 April 2013), Ltd. ISBN 978-1-4094-7690-0.
* *Limits to Regional Integration.* Farnham, Surrey, England, (28 March 2015), Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. ISBN 978-1-4724-5334-1.
* *The Nordic Regions and the European Union* (1st ed.). (18 January 2018), Routledge.
* "*Political Aspects of the Economic Monetary Union*". (6 February 2018), Routledge.


title: Pakala Junction railway station

abstract: Pakala Junction railway station is a railway station serving Pakala, Tirupati district, Andhra Pradesh, 517112, India.

text:
# Pakala Junction railway station

**Pakala Junction railway station** (station code: **PAK**) is a railway station serving Pakala, Tirupati district, Andhra Pradesh, 517112, India.

## Administration

The station comes under the jurisdiction of Guntakal railway division of South Coast Railways.

## Infrastructure

The station has three platforms.This station is selected in Amrit Bharat Scheme which is being under redevelopment

## Routes

This station is a junction railway station has three lines from here towards Dharmavaram Junction, Katpadi Junction, Renigunta Junction.

## Connectivity

More than 45 trains halts in this station. It is well connected to major Indian cities such as Tirupati, Hyderabad, Vijayawada, Visakhapatnam, Bengaluru, Madurai, Coimbatore, Mysuru, Pune, Mumbai, Kanniyakumari, Thiruvananthapuram, Ernakulam, etc.

## Halting Trains

* 22615 – Tirupati–Coimbatore
* 22616 – Coimbatore–Tirupati
* 22617 – Tirupati–SMVT Bengaluru
* 22618 – SMVT Bengaluru–Tirupati
* 22715 – Kacheguda–Madurai
* 22716 – Madurai–Kacheguda
* 16339 – CSMT Mumbai–Nagercoil
* 16340 – Nagercoil–CSMT Mumbai
* 16779 – Tirupati–Rameshwaram Meenakshi express
* 16780 – Rameshwaram–Tirupati
* 16219 – Chamarajanagar–Tirupati
* 16220 – Tirupati–Chamarajanagar
* 16381 – Pune–Kanyakumari Jayanti Janta Express
* 16382 – Kanyakumari–Pune
* 16870 – Villupuram–Tirupati
* 16853 – Tirupati–Villupuram
* 16854 – Villupuram–Tirupati
* 18637 – Hatia–SMVT Bengaluru
* 18638 – SMVT Bengaluru–Hatia
* 12797 – Kacheguda–Chittoor Venkatadri Express
* 12798 – Chittoor–Kacheguda
* 12765 – Tirupati–Amravati
* 12766 – Amravati–Tirupati
* 12731 – Tirupati–Secunderabad
* 12732 – Secunderabad–Tirupati
* 12769 – Tirupati–Secunderabad Seven Hills Express
* 12770 – Secunderabad–Tirupati
* 17209 – SMVT Bengaluru–Kakinada Town Seshadri Express
* 17210 – Kakinada Town–SMVT Bengaluru
* 17247 – Narsapur–Dharmavaram
* 17248 – Dharmavaram–Narsapur
* 17407 – Tirupati–Mannarigudi Pamani Express
* 17408 – Mannarigudi–Tirupati
* 07605 – Tirupati–Akola
* 07606 – Akola–Tirupati
* 07191 – Kacheguda–Madurai
* 07192 – Madurai–Kacheguda
* 07095 – Dharmavaram–Machilipatnam
* 07096 – Machilipatnam–Dharmavaram
* 07660 – Katpadi – Tirupati
* 07655 – Guntakal – Tirupati
* 07656 – Tirupati – Guntakal
* 07659 - Tirupati - Katpadi
* 06693 - Tirupati - Katpadi
* 07589 - Tirupati - Kadiridevarapalli
* 07590 - Kadiridevarapalli - Tirupati
* 07662 - Katpadi - Tirupati
* 07583 - Katpadi - Tirupati

## Line and location

This station is situated in Gudur–Katpadi branch line with a branch line connecting to Dharmavaram.

13°27′03″N 79°06′53″E / 13.4509°N 79.1146°E / 13.4509; 79.1146

## InfoBox

| Pakala Junction | |
| --- | --- |
| Indian Railways station | |
| Pakala Junction railway station board | |
| General information | |
| Location | Pakala, Andhra Pradesh<br>India |
| Elevation | 371 m (1,217 ft) |
| Owned by | Indian Railways |
| Line(s) | Gudur–Katpadi branch line, Dharmavarm–Pakala branch line |
| Construction | |
| Parking | available |
| Other information | |
| Status | Functional |
| Station code | PAK |
| Fare zone | South Coast Railway zone |
| History | |
| Electrified | Yes |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location  Pakala JunctionLocation in Andhra PradeshPakala JunctionLocation in India | |


title: Online codes

abstract: In computer science, online codes are an example of rateless erasure codes. These codes can encode a message into a number of symbols such that knowledge of any fraction of them allows one to recover the original message. Rateless codes produce an arbitrarily large number of symbols which can be broadcast until the receivers have enough symbols. The online encoding algorithm consists of several phases. First the message is split into n fixed size message blocks. Then the outer encoding is an erasure code which produces auxiliary blocks that are appended to the message blocks to form a composite message. From this the inner encoding generates check blocks. Upon receiving a certain number of check blocks some fraction of the composite message can be recovered. Once enough has been recovered the outer decoding can be used to recover the original message.

text:
# Online codes

In computer science, **online codes** are an example of rateless erasure codes. These codes can encode a message into a number of symbols such that knowledge of any fraction of them allows one to recover the original message (with high probability). *Rateless* codes produce an arbitrarily large number of symbols which can be broadcast until the receivers have enough symbols.

The online encoding algorithm consists of several phases. First the message is split into *n* fixed size message blocks. Then the *outer encoding* is an erasure code which produces auxiliary blocks that are appended to the message blocks to form a composite message.

From this the inner encoding generates check blocks. Upon receiving a certain number of check blocks some fraction of the composite message can be recovered. Once enough has been recovered the outer decoding can be used to recover the original message.

## Detailed discussion

Online codes are parameterised by the block size and two scalars, *q* and *ε*. The authors suggest *q*=3 and ε=0.01. These parameters set the balance between the complexity and performance of the encoding. A message of *n* blocks can be recovered, with high probability, from (1+3ε)*n* check blocks. The probability of failure is (ε/2)q+1.

### Outer encoding

Any erasure code may be used as the outer encoding, but the author of online codes suggest the following.

For each message block, pseudo-randomly choose *q* auxiliary blocks (from a total of 0.55*q*ε*n* auxiliary blocks) to attach it to. Each auxiliary block is then the XOR of all the message blocks which have been attached to it.

### Inner encoding

The inner encoding takes the composite message and generates a stream of check blocks. A check block is the XOR of all the blocks from the composite message that it is attached to.

The *degree* of a check block is the number of blocks that it is attached to. The degree is determined by sampling a random distribution, *p*, which is defined as:

$$F=\left\lceil {\frac {\ln(\epsilon ^{2}/4)}{\ln(1-\epsilon /2)}\right\rceil }$$

$$p\_{1}=1-{\frac {1+1/F}{1+\epsilon }}$$

$p\_{i}={\frac {(1-p\_{1})F}{(F-1)i(i-1)}}$ for $2\leq i\leq F$

Once the degree of the check block is known, the blocks from the composite message which it is attached to are chosen uniformly.

### Decoding

Obviously the decoder of the inner stage must hold check blocks which it cannot currently decode. A check block can only be decoded when all but one of the blocks which it is attached to are known. The graph to the left shows the progress of an inner decoder. The x-axis plots the number of check blocks received and the dashed line shows the number of check blocks which cannot currently be used. This climbs almost linearly at first as many check blocks with degree \> 1 are received but unusable. At a certain point, some of the check blocks are suddenly usable, resolving more blocks which then causes more check blocks to be usable. Very quickly the whole file can be decoded.

As the graph also shows the inner decoder falls just shy of decoding everything for a little while after having received *n* check blocks. The outer encoding ensures that a few elusive blocks from the inner decoder are not an issue, as the file can be recovered without them.


title: Leucocoprinus bakeri

abstract: Leucocoprinus bakeri is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae.

text:
# Leucocoprinus bakeri

| *Leucocoprinus bakeri*Mycological characteristics | |
| --- | --- |
|  | **Gills** on hymenium |
|  | Cap is **convex** |
|  | Hymenium is **free** |
|  | Stipe has a **ring** |
|  | Spore print is **white** |
|  | Ecology is **saprotrophic** |
|  | Edibility is **unknown** |

***Leucocoprinus bakeri*** is a species of mushroom producing fungus in the family Agaricaceae.

## Taxonomy

It was first described in 1952 by the British mycologist Richard William George Dennis who classified it as *Lepiota bakeri.*

In 1982, it was reclassified as *Leucocoprinus bakeri* by the German mycologist Rolf Singer.

## Description

*Leucocoprinus bakeri* is a small dapperling mushroom with white flesh.

**Cap:** 7 cm wide. Convex, with a pinkish-buff (light brownish yellow) surface and fine brown scales (squamules) and a brown umbo. It is striated at the edges of the cap. **Stem:** Bulbous at the base and tapering to the tip with a pinkish-buff surface that has woolly (tomentose) scales below the ring. The membranous stem ring is located towards the top of the stem (superior) and is white with brown edges. **Gills:** Free, crowded (5-6mm) and white. **Spores:** Elliptical, dextrinoid, 5-7 x 3.5-4 μm.

## Habitat and distribution

*L. bakeri* is scarcely recorded and little known. It has been found in Costa Rica and Trinidad.

## InfoBox

| *Leucocoprinus bakeri* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Agaricales |
| Family: | Agaricaceae |
| Genus: | *Leucocoprinus* |
| Species: | ***L. bakeri*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Leucocoprinus bakeri***
(Dennis) Singer (1982) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Lepiota bakeri* Dennis (1952)
 | |


title: True (TrinityRoots album)

abstract: True is the debut album by New Zealand band, TrinityRoots, released in 2001. The album peaked at number 21 in New Zealand.

text:
# True (TrinityRoots album)

***True*** is the debut album by New Zealand band, TrinityRoots, released in 2001. The album peaked at number 21 in New Zealand.

## Track listing

1. "True"
2. "Sense and Cents"
3. "Beautiful People"
4. "Call to You"
5. "Passion"
6. "D By D"
7. "Egos"
8. "Just Like You"
9. "Little Things"

## Charts

| Chart (2002) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| New Zealand Albums (RMNZ) | 28 |

## InfoBox

| True | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by TrinityRoots | |
| Released | 2001 |
| TrinityRoots chronology | |
| *TrinityRoots*
(2001) ***True***
(2001) *Home, Land and Sea*
(2004) | |


title: Paul Gardiner

abstract: Paul Andrew Gardiner was a British musician who played bass guitar with Gary Numan and Tubeway Army, as well as creating material under his own name.

text:
# Paul Gardiner

**Paul Andrew Gardiner** (1 May 1958 – 18 February 1984) was a British musician who played bass guitar with Gary Numan and Tubeway Army, as well as creating material under his own name.

## Biography

Paul Gardiner was born in Hayes, Middlesex. In early 1976 he was playing in a band called The Lasers when Gary Numan (then using his real name, Gary Webb) auditioned as lead guitarist. The two became friends and when Numan left the band soon after, Gardiner followed. The pair formed Tubeway Army, initially with Numan's uncle Jess Lidyard on drums. In October 1977, the band was signed to the independent label Beggars Banquet and released their first single, "That's Too Bad", in February 1978. The trio used assumed names, Gardiner's being 'Scarlett'.

An ever-changing line-up played gigs over the next few months, Gardiner and Numan being the only constant members. Settling back to a three-piece outfit with Lidyard, the band released two albums as Tubeway Army, an eponymously titled debut in 1978 and the No. 1 hit *Replicas* in 1979. When Numan dropped the name Tubeway Army in mid-1979, Gardiner remained as bassist, playing on the No. 1 albums *The Pleasure Principle* (1979) and *Telekon* (1980), and toured with Numan throughout the world in 1979–81.

Following Numan's 'retirement' in April 1981, after final concerts at Wembley Arena, his backing band went its separate ways. Most of the members formed a new group called Dramatis, while Gardiner elected to concentrate on a solo career. Gardiner's debut solo release was a single co-written with Numan called "Stormtrooper in Drag" b/w "Night Talk" in 1981. It made No. 49 in the UK Singles Chart. On these tracks Gardiner and Numan were credited with guitar and bass, respectively; Gardiner also played synthesizer.

Gardiner's recording of The Velvet Underground's "Venus in Furs" was the first release on Numan's own label, Numa, in 1984. The single's B-side, "No Sense", was written by Gardiner. Aside from work on solo projects, he played with Dramatis in 1982 and, shortly before his death, worked with Marc Anthony Thompson on the latter's debut album.

## Death

Paul Gardiner struggled with heroin addiction in his last years and died at the age of 25 from an overdose of Valium and Diconal combined with cold weather on 18 February 1984 in Limetrees Park in Northolt, Greater London. He is survived by a son, Chris who has a son named Dylan.

## Tributes

Gary Numan wrote the song "A Child with the Ghost" (from the 1984 album *Berserker*) in memory of his friend and former bassist. He also paid tribute to Gardiner on the 10th and 20th anniversaries of his death by playing, respectively, "Stormtrooper in Drag" on his 1994 tour (released on the 1995 live album *Dark Light*) and "Night Talk" at a 2004 charity gig.

During the 2009 Pleasure Principle tour Numan paid tribute to Gardiner on his 25th anniversary of his death by playing "Complex" (the demo version) with a picture of Gardiner displayed on the large screen background.

## Discography

### Albums

#### Tubeway Army

#### Gary Numan

#### Robert Palmer

* *Clues* (1980) – "I Dream of Wires"

#### Marc Anthony Thompson

* *Marc Anthony Thompson* (1984)

### Singles

#### Tubeway Army

#### Gary Numan

#### Paul Gardiner

#### Marc Anthony Thompson

* "Love Cools Down" (1984)

## InfoBox

| Paul Gardiner | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Paul Andrew Gardiner |
| Born | (1958-05-01)1 May 1958
Hayes, Middlesex, England |
| Died | 18 February 1984(1984-02-18) (aged 25)
Northolt, England |
| Genres | Rock, electronic, synth-pop, new wave, post-punk, punk rock |
| Occupation(s) | Musician, songwriter |
| Instrument(s) | Bass, guitar, keyboards |
| Years active | 1976–1984 |
| Labels | Beggars Banquet, Numa |
| Formerly of | Tubeway Army, Gary Numan, Dramatis |


title: Linton railway station (Cambridgeshire)

abstract: Linton railway station was a railway station in Linton, Cambridgeshire on the Stour Valley Railway. It closed in 1967. The station house is H-shaped and made of tan colour brick. It is still standing, as well as the platform and sunken trackbed space at the back of the building.

text:
# Linton railway station (Cambridgeshire)

**Linton railway station** was a railway station in Linton, Cambridgeshire on the Stour Valley Railway. It closed in 1967. The station house is H-shaped and made of tan colour brick. It is still standing, as well as the platform and sunken trackbed space at the back of the building.

## Future

The Cambridge Metro project intended to reopen Linton and Haverhill stations, for a commuter light railway to Cambridge city centre. However, the project was scrapped in 2021 by Nik Johnson

| Preceding station |  | Disused railways |  | Following station |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Pampisford |  | Great Eastern Railway
Stour Valley Railway |  | Bartlow |

52°05′44″N 0°16′12″E / 52.0955°N 0.2701°E / 52.0955; 0.2701

## InfoBox

| Linton | |
| --- | --- |
| Station in 2020. | |
| General information | |
| Location | Linton, South Cambridgeshire
England |
| Platforms | 2 |
| Other information | |
| Status | Disused |
| History | |
| Original company | Great Eastern Railway |
| Pre-grouping | Great Eastern Railway |
| Post-grouping | London and North Eastern Railway |
| Key dates | |
| 1 June 1865 | Opened |
| 6 March 1967 | Closed |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Velçan

abstract: Velçan is a village and a former municipality in the Korçë County, southeastern Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the municipality Pogradec. The population at the 2011 census was 2,548. The municipal unit consists of the villages Velçan, Buzahishtë, Shpellë, Bishnicë, Jollë, Losnik, Laktesh and Senishtë.

text:
# Velçan

**Velçan** is a village and a former municipality in the Korçë County, southeastern Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the municipality Pogradec. The population at the 2011 census was 2,548. The municipal unit consists of the villages Velçan, Buzahishtë, Shpellë, Bishnicë, Jollë, Losnik, Laktesh and Senishtë.

## InfoBox

| Velçan | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipal unit | |
| Velçan | |
| Coordinates: 40°57′N 20°28′E / 40.950°N 20.467°E / 40.950; 20.467 | |
| Country | Albania |
| County | Korçë |
| Municipality | Pogradec |
| Population (2011) | |
| Municipal unit | 2,548 |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal Code | 7310 |
| Area Code | (0)860 |


title: Søren Elung Jensen

abstract: Søren Elung Jensen was a Danish film actor. He appeared in 22 films between 1960 and 1999. He was born in Odense. He died from lung cancer on 22 January 2017 in Hellerup. He was 88.

text:
# Søren Elung Jensen

**Søren Elung Jensen** (7 July 1928  22 January 2017) was a Danish film actor. He appeared in 22 films between 1960 and 1999. He was born in Odense. He died from lung cancer on 22 January 2017 in Hellerup. He was 88.

## Filmography

## InfoBox

| Søren Elung Jensen | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1928-07-07)7 July 1928
Odense, Denmark |
| Died | 22 January 2017(2017-01-22) (aged 88)
Hellerup, Denmark |
| Other names | Søren Elung |
| Occupation | Actor |
| Years active | 19601999 |


title: Padina japonica

abstract: Padina japonica is a species of small brown alga found in the tropical and subtropical Indo-Pacific region.

text:
# Padina japonica

***Padina japonica*** is a species of small brown alga found in the tropical and subtropical Indo-Pacific region.

## Description

*Padina japonica* has a flat blade rolled into a circle. The upper surface is whitish while the underside is brown. It is similar to *Padina australis* but rather smaller and the blade is usually unsplit. Another very similar species is *Padina sanctae-crucis*; the underside of the latter is more highly calcified, the oogonia and the tetrasporangia are large and globular rather than small and oblong, and there is a single row of tetrasporangial sori rather than the multiple irregular rows of *P. japonica*.

## InfoBox

| *Padina japonica* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| *Clade*: | Diaphoretickes |
| *Clade*: | SAR |
| *Clade*: | Stramenopiles |
| Phylum: | Gyrista |
| Subphylum: | Ochrophytina |
| Class: | Phaeophyceae |
| Order: | Dictyotales |
| Family: | Dictyotaceae |
| Genus: | *Padina* |
| Species: | ***P. japonica*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Padina japonica***<br>Yamada, 1931 | |
|


title: Ondatralaelaps

abstract: Ondatralaelaps is a genus of mites in the family Laelapidae.

text:
# Ondatralaelaps

***Ondatralaelaps*** is a genus of mites in the family Laelapidae.

## Species

## InfoBox

| *Ondatralaelaps* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Subclass: | Acari |
| Order: | Mesostigmata |
| Family: | Laelapidae |
| Genus: | ***Ondatralaelaps***<br>Evans & Till, 1965 |
|


title: Liam Brennan

abstract: Liam Brennan is a consultant anaesthetist, deputy medical director of Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, and chair of the Centre for Perioperative Care. He was formerly president of the Royal College of Anaesthetists from 2015 to 2018. He specialises in anaesthesia in children and those with difficult airways and in plastic surgery. As vice chair of the Academy of Medical Royal Colleges, he has a significant role in quality improvement and Brexit issues. Brennan has in addition been editor of the British Journal of Anaesthesia.

text:
# Liam Brennan

**Liam Brennan** is a consultant anaesthetist, deputy medical director of Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, and chair of the Centre for Perioperative Care. He was formerly president of the Royal College of Anaesthetists from 2015 to 2018. He specialises in anaesthesia in children and those with difficult airways and in plastic surgery. As vice chair of the Academy of Medical Royal Colleges, he has a significant role in quality improvement and Brexit issues. Brennan has in addition been editor of the *British Journal of Anaesthesia*.


title: Troops of Horse Guards

abstract:
In the British Army, the Horse Guards comprised several independent troops raised initially on the three different establishments. In the late 1660s, there were thus three troops in England, one in Ireland, and two in Scotland of which one was ceremonial for attendance of Lord High Commissioner. In 1707, there were four troops of Horse Guards, and two troops of Horse Grenadiers. From 1658 to 1788, the Horse Guards existed as independent troops. They were placed on the English establishment in 1661, with the founding of the modern Regular British Army. In 1788, as part of the re-organisation of the British Army, the remaining 1st and 2nd Troops were united with the 1st and 2nd Troops of Horse Grenadier Guards to form, respectively, the 1st and 2nd Regiments of Life Guards. Originally, as befitted their role as bodyguards to the Sovereign, the ranks of these Troops were filled by members of the gentry. They, therefore, had no non-commissioned officers, their brigadiers being commissioned and ranking as lieutenants, their sub-brigadiers ranking with cornets in the rest of the army.
Although this no longer obtains, the non-commissioned officers of their successor regiment, the Life Guards, are still grades of Corporal, rather than sergeants.

text:
# Troops of Horse Guards

In the British Army, the **Horse Guards** comprised several independent troops raised initially on the three different establishments. In the late 1660s, there were thus three troops in England, one in Ireland, and two in Scotland of which one was ceremonial for attendance of Lord High Commissioner (named after John Middleton, 1st Earl of Middleton and after John Leslie, 7th Earl of Rothes). In 1707, there were four troops of Horse Guards (the three original English and one Scots), and two troops of Horse Grenadiers.

From 1658 to 1788, the Horse Guards existed as independent troops. They were placed on the English establishment in 1661, with the founding of the modern Regular British Army. In 1788, as part of the re-organisation of the British Army, the remaining 1st and 2nd Troops were united with the 1st and 2nd Troops of Horse Grenadier Guards to form, respectively, the 1st and 2nd Regiments of Life Guards.

Originally, as befitted their role as bodyguards to the Sovereign, the ranks of these Troops were filled by members of the gentry. They, therefore, had no non-commissioned officers, their *brigadiers* (i.e. corporals) being commissioned and ranking as lieutenants, their *sub-brigadiers* (i.e. sub-corporals) ranking with cornets in the rest of the army. Although this no longer obtains, the non-commissioned officers of their successor regiment, the Life Guards, are still grades of Corporal, rather than sergeants.

## 1st Troop \[1658-1788\]

* 1658-1788 1st (His Majesty's Own) Troop of Horse Guards \[formed in exile in Holland from followers of Charles II\].
* 1746 absorbed 3rd Troop, The Horse Guards.
* 1788 absorbed 1st Troop, The Horse Grenadier Guards and was reorganised to form the 1st Regiment of Life Guards

## 2nd Troop \[1659-1788\]

* 1659 \[raised as a Parliamentary life guard for attending the Council of State\].
* Nov 1659 re-modelled as **Monck's Life Guards**
* 1660-1661 3rd (The Duke of Albemarle's) Troop of Horse Guards.
* 1661-1670 3rd (The Lord General's) Troop of Horse Guards.
* 1670-1788 2nd (The Queen's) Troop of Horse Guards.
* 1788 absorbed 4th Troop, The Horse Guards.
* 1788 On 8 June it absorbs the 2nd Troop, The Horse Grenadier Guards, and on 25 June it is reorganised to form the 2nd Regiment of Life Guards.

## 3rd Troop \[1658-1746\]

* 1658-1670 2nd (The Duke of York's) Troop of Horse Guards \[formed in exile in Holland from followers of Charles II\]
* 1670-1746 3rd (The Duke of York's) Troop of Horse Guards
* 1746 absorbed by 1st Troop, The Horse Guards.

## Scots and 4th Troop

### 4th Troop \[1686-1689\]

### 4th (Dutch) Troop \[1689-1699\]

* 1599 raised on 30 April in Holland as a troop of horse and redesignated in 1665 as *Garde du Corps van Zijne Majesteit*, i.e., *His Majesties Life Guards*.
* 1689-1699 Placed on English establishment in 1689 and returned to Dutch service in 1699 upon conclusion of the Nine Years' War and the Treaty of Ryswick. During this period the Dutch troop was ranked as the 4th Troop of Life Guards. In literature this troop is sometimes confused with the Dutch Regiment of Horse Guards, known as Portland's Horse after its commander William Bentinck, 1st Earl of Portland.
* 1705 The troop lost its Guards status.

### 4th (Scots) Troop \[1709-1746\]

* 1661-1709 Scots Troop of Horse Guards \[raised on the Scottish establishment\]
* 1709-1746 4th Troop of Horse Guards \[transferred to the British establishment\]
* 1746 absorbed by 2nd Troop, The Horse Guards.

## Other Troops

### The Scottish Troop \[1661-1676\]

Raised on the Scottish Establishment for attendance on the Lord High Commissioner to the Parliament of Scotland.

### The Irish Troop \[1662-1685\]

* 1662 raised on the Irish Establishment
* 1685 disbanded following the ascent of James II

### Remarks

In some literature reference is made to the existence of a 4th, 5th and 6th Troop of Horse Guards, between 1661 and 1683, 1664 and 1676, and 1664 and 1685, respectively. However, no explicit evidence if found of these troops and it is thought that these 4th, 5th and 6th Troops were confused with the Scots Troop, the (other) Scots Troop for attendance of the Lord High Commissioner, and the Irish Troop.

## Ranks \[1766\]

### Officers

* Captain and Colonel
* First Lieutenant and Lieutenant Colonel
* Second Lieutenant and Lieutenant Colonel
* Guidon and Major

### Others

* Exempt and Captain
* Brigadier or Adjutant and Lieutenant
* Sub-Brigadier and Cornet
* Gentleman


title: Little Stanion

abstract: Little Stanion is a Corby Borough Estate which is more commonly referred to as a village, in the North Northamptonshire district of Northamptonshire on the edge of Rockingham Forest, 1.1 miles (1.82 km) southeast from the centre of Corby and 7 miles from Kettering. It is a housing estate which, as of October 2016, has 733 completed houses with current plans to build up to 970. The first houses were completed in 2008. The estate neighbours Stanion, Brigstock and Geddington and although can be found under a Corby postcode it is deemed to be its own village. Little Stanion already has some 37 acres of completed parkland, with a network of 3.5 km of paths, an outdoor gym area, two children’s play parks, and a much sought after primary school. Little Stanion Primary School is a one-form entry school which opened in 2012. The school was assessed as “Good” by Ofsted in October 2015. Little Stanion is privately owned and managed by Little Stanion Farm Management Company. The estate is within the parish of Little Stanion, a new independent parish was established for the village on 1 April 2018. The Little Stanion Village Association (LSVA) was established in 2011 to ensure that residents of the village had a central point to receive information, share their views and have their questions answered. LSVA has been very active since its inception arranging a number of community events and working closely with local organisations to promote the new village and protect its interests. There is just a single access route to the village from the A43/A6116 roundabout.

text:
# Little Stanion

**Little Stanion** is a Corby Borough Estate which is more commonly referred to as a village, in the North Northamptonshire district of Northamptonshire on the edge of Rockingham Forest, 1.1 miles (1.82 km) southeast from the centre of Corby and 7 miles from Kettering.

It is a housing estate which, as of October 2016, has 733 completed houses with current plans to build up to 970. The first houses were completed in 2008. The estate neighbours Stanion, Brigstock and Geddington and although can be found under a Corby postcode it is deemed to be its own village.

Little Stanion already has some 37 acres of completed parkland, with a network of 3.5 km of paths, an outdoor gym area, two children’s play parks, and a much sought after primary school.

Little Stanion Primary School is a one-form entry school which opened in 2012. The school was assessed as “Good” by Ofsted in October 2015.

Little Stanion is privately owned and managed by Little Stanion Farm Management Company.

The estate is within the parish of Little Stanion, a new independent parish was established for the village on 1 April 2018.

The Little Stanion Village Association (LSVA) was established in 2011 to ensure that residents of the village had a central point to receive information, share their views and have their questions answered. LSVA has been very active since its inception arranging a number of community events and working closely with local organisations to promote the new village and protect its interests.

There is just a single access route to the village from the A43/A6116 roundabout.

## InfoBox

| Little Stanion | |
| --- | --- |
| Little Stanion Green Space Summer 2022 | |
| Little StanionLocation within Northamptonshire | |
| Civil parish | * Little Stanion |
| Unitary authority |  |
| Ceremonial county |  |
| Region |  |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
|


title: Paul Gait

abstract: Paul Gait is widely regarded as one of the best lacrosse players of all time and is the current Vice President of the Rochester Knighthawks of the National Lacrosse League. Gait, along with his twin brother Gary Gait, had outstanding playing careers at Syracuse University, in the National Lacrosse League, Major League Lacrosse, the Western Lacrosse Association, and at the international level for Canada.

text:
# Paul Gait

**Paul Gait** (born April 5, 1967) is widely regarded as one of the best lacrosse players of all time and is the current Vice President of the Rochester Knighthawks of the National Lacrosse League. Gait, along with his twin brother Gary Gait, had outstanding playing careers at Syracuse University, in the National Lacrosse League, Major League Lacrosse, the Western Lacrosse Association, and at the international level for Canada.

## College career

Paul and his twin brother Gary played NCAA lacrosse at Syracuse University as midfielders, where they set numerous records from 1987 to 1990 and popularized innovative moves such as behind-the-back passing and scoring. One of the best NCAA players of all time, Paul helped lead Syracuse to three national championships and was selected as a First Team All-Americans by the USILA three times, in 1988, 1989, and 1990. Paul was also named the Most Outstanding Player of the 1989 NCAA Division I Lacrosse Championship Tournament.

After defeating Loyola in the 1990 NCAA Division I lacrosse tournament finals, the NCAA determined that head coach Roy Simmons Jr's wife Nancy Simmons had improperly co-signed for a car loan for Paul Gait. Gait was ruled ineligible for postseason play, and Syracuse vacated their tournament records and title.

After college, he played with his brother for the storied amateur Mount Washington Lacrosse Club in the 1990s.

## Professional career

Paul and Gary have both starred at all levels of professional lacrosse, including the National Lacrosse League, the Western Lacrosse Association, Major League Lacrosse, and at the international level for the Canadian National Team. Paul was a 3-time winner of the Mann Cup MVP award. The twins were named Co-MVPs of the Mann Cup in 1999, when they played for the Victoria Shamrocks. Paul initially retired from play following the 2002 NLL season but then returned during the 2005 NLL season to play for the Colorado Mammoth with his brother. He played four games totaling nine points and then retired again after the 2005 season. Paul is sixth all time on the NLL points total list with 712 points in 13 seasons. In 2001 Paul was named the MLL playoff and championship game MVP, after leading the Long Island Lizards to their first MLL title, with a record setting 7 goal performance,(on 8 shots)in the MLL championship game. In 2002 Paul led the NLL in goals and points and was named the league MVP. He retired due to the early onset osteoarthritis in his back, ankles and elbows.

In 1990, Paul represented STX Lacrosse as a Sales Representative. In 1994 Paul started GBLax, a lacrosse specialty retail business located in Syracuse NY. In 1996 Paul sold GBLAX and became an independent lacrosse equipment design/developer for J.deBeer & Son, where he developed a line of lacrosse equipment for the softball manufacturing company. He was hired full-time by deBeer in 1996 where he worked, in various roles until 2011, ultimately becoming the company president between 2003-2011. In his tenure at deBeer he was credited for developing the modern women's lacrosse head (Apex) and has revolutionized the women's lacrosse pocket. He also introduced the Gait Brand of men's lacrosse equipment in 2003. deBeer/Gait quickly became the world's leading producer of women's lacrosse equipment and Canadian box lacrosse gear. In 2011 Paul founded Team 22 Lacrosse(Guilderland, NY), the exclusive licensee for Under Armour lacrosse products. Paul has 30 lacrosse related patents issued during his time in the business. Paul is also the founder of Laxpocket LLC, the country's leading producer of women's lacrosse pockets. Both Laxpocket and Team 22 Lacrosse are located in the Albany, NY area.

Paul was named the head coach of the Rochester Knighthawks on December 26, 2008, where he coached for two years.

## Awards

NLL Weekly and Monthly Awards:

* Player of the Week (1994–2001) 7 times
* Overall Player of the Week (2002-) twice
* Offensive Player of the Week (2002-) 3 times
* Player of the Month 5 times

Paul along with his twin brother Gary Gait were inducted into The British Columbia Sports Hall of Fame on September 13, 2011 in a ceremony in Vancouver, BC.

In 2005, both Gait brothers were inducted into the United States Lacrosse National Hall of Fame. The following year, in 2006, both brothers were among the five charter members to be voted into the National Lacrosse League Hall of Fame. Paul, Gary and Jim Brown were also named to the NCAA all century team.

Gait's #19 jersey was retired by Syracuse University in 2024. He is the third men’s lacrosse player to have his jersey retired after brother Gary Gait and Mike Powell.

## Personal life

Gait was paralyzed from the waist-down after a 20-ft fall at the Gait Lacrosse warehouse in Altamont, New York on November 3, 2022. The fall left him partially paralyzed and unable to walk again. He underwent spinal fusion surgery at Albany Medical Center.

## Statistics

### Major League Lacrosse

|  | |  | Regular Season | | | | | | |  | Playoffs | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Season | Team | | GP | G | 2ptG | A | Pts | LB | PIM | | GP | G | 2ptG | A | Pts | LB | PIM |
| 2001 | Long Island | | 6 | 10 | 0 | 7 | 17 | 9 | 0.0 | | 2 | 10 | 0 | 2 | 12 | 10 | 0.0 |
| 2002 | Boston | | 3 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 8 | 1 | 0.0 | | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| MLL Totals | | | | 9 | 16 | 2 | 7 | 25 | 10 | | 0.0 | 2 | 10 | 0 | 2 | 12 | 10 | 0.0 |

### NLL

|  | |  | Regular Season | | | | | |  | Playoffs | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Season | Team | | GP | G | A | Pts | LB | PIM | | GP | G | A | Pts | LB | PIM |
| 1991 | Detroit | | 10 | 47 | 19 | 66 | 63 | 20 | | 1 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 0 |
| 1992 | Detroit | | 7 | 33 | 20 | 53 | 30 | 4 | | 1 | 5 | 3 | 8 | 6 | 0 |
| 1993 | Philadelphia | | 8 | 28 | 13 | 41 | 65 | 8 | | 2 | 6 | 5 | 11 | 15 | 4 |
| 1994 | Philadelphia | | 8 | 31 | 13 | 44 | 58 | 8 | | 2 | 12 | 7 | 19 | 28 | 0 |
| 1995 | Rochester | | 8 | 23 | 13 | 36 | 39 | 0 | | 2 | 9 | 6 | 15 | 9 | 0 |
| 1996 | Rochester | | 9 | 24 | 21 | 45 | 64 | 4 | | 1 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 7 | 2 |
| 1997 | Rochester | | 10 | 40 | 25 | 65 | 58 | 6 | | 2 | 10 | 6 | 16 | 10 | 4 |
| 1998 | Syracuse | | 11 | 28 | 23 | 51 | 46 | 4 | | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 1999 | Syracuse | | 12 | 37 | 37 | 74 | 62 | 12 | | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 2000 | Syracuse | | 4 | 8 | 13 | 21 | 34 | 2 | | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 2001 | Washington | | 14 | 27 | 25 | 52 | 52 | 8 | | 1 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 0 |
| 2002 | Washington | | 16 | 54 | 60 | 114 | 107 | 6 | | 2 | 1 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 0 |
| 2005 | Colorado | | 4 | 6 | 3 | 9 | 13 | 2 | | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Totals |  | | 128 | 410 | 302 | 712 | 734 | 88 | | 15 | 52 | 38 | 90 | 90 | 10 |

### Syracuse University

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Season | | | GP | G | A | Pts | PPG |  |
| 1987 | | | 13 | 11 | 3 | 14 | 1.08 |  |
| 1988 | | | 15 | 47 | 19 | 66 | 4.40 |  |
| 1989 | | | 15 | 38 | 29 | 67 | 4.47 |  |
| 1990 | | | 13 | 31 | 34 | 65 | 5.00 |  |
| Totals | | | 56 | 127 | 85 | 212 | 3.79 |  |

## InfoBox

Paul Gait
| Born | (1967-04-05) April 5, 1967
Victoria, BC, CAN |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | Canada |
| Shoots | Left/Right |
| Position | Attack |
| NCAA team | Syracuse University |
| NLL draft | 6th overall, 1990
Detroit Turbos |
| NLL teams | Detroit Turbos
Philadelphia Wings
Rochester Knighthawks
Syracuse Smash
Washington Power
Colorado Mammoth |
| MLL teams | Long Island Lizards
Boston Cannons |
| Former WLA team | Victoria Shamrocks |
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title: Liometopum apiculatum

abstract: Liometopum apiculatum is a species of ant in the subfamily Dolichoderinae. Liometopum apiculatum ants are found in arid and semi-arid regions of southwestern United States and Mexico to Quintana Roo.

text:
# Liometopum apiculatum

***Liometopum apiculatum*** is a species of ant in the subfamily Dolichoderinae. *Liometopum apiculatum* ants are found in arid and semi-arid regions of southwestern United States and Mexico to Quintana Roo.

## Taxonomy

*Liometopum apiculatum* was first described by Mayr (1870), who described the workers of this species. Emery (1895) later described the queens of this species; Wheeler (1905) described the males and Wheeler & Wheeler (1951) described the larvae. Shattuck (1994) considered *L. apiculatum* a senior synonym of *Liometopum masonium*. This species was also confirmed by Del Toro *et al.* (2009).

## Habitat

*Liometopum apiculatum* ants are found in arid and semi-arid regions of southwestern United States and Mexico to Quintana Roo. They extend from Colorado through Texas, New Mexico, southeastern Arizona, and south into Mexico. They are usually found at elevations of 1,000–2,500 metres (3,300–8,200 ft), but their prime habitat is oak forests found around 2,000 m (6,600 ft). At higher elevations they are found in pinyon pine zones, up to the ponderosa pine and riparian zones; at lower elevations they inhabit creosote bush scrub and grasslands in microhabitats of clay, under rocks, boulders, and decaying logs. They have also been found in foothill meadows, deciduous canyon forests, pinyon-cedar woodlands, ponderosa pine-cedar-oak woodlands, and cottonwoodwillow forests. At high elevations, their abundance decreases and they are replaced by *L. luctuosum*. Altitude may play an important role in the distribution of *Liometopum*. In regions of Mexico explored by Conconi *et al.* (1983b), *L. luctuosum* and *L. apiculatum* are only found between 2,000 and 3,000 m (6,600 and 9,800 ft). Although conditions below 1,800 m (5,900 ft) looked favorable, they are absent. In the U.S., *L. apiculatum* is found from 1,316 to 2,438 m (4,318 to 7,999 ft).

## Nests

Nests of *L. apiculatum* are typically located underground and have a very distinctive structure. They fill hollowed-out chambers with a branched network of carton-like material made out of agglomerated soil and oral secretions until the entire nest resembles Swiss cheese. Within the nest as many as three or four large chambers containing this honeycombed carton-like material can be found. The carton-like material of this species is much finer than that of *L. uctuosum*. *L. apiculatum* tend to nest at higher densities than do *L. luctuosum*. These ants are usually found nesting in dead logs, under stones, or in decaying stalks of *Yucca* spp. They have also been collected in glass containers and rubber tires and among the roots of various perennial xerophytes such as *Agave* spp., *Opuntia* spp., *Myrtillocactus geometrizans*, *Yucca filifera*, *Senecio praecox*, *Schinus molle* or *Prosopis juliflora*. In some habitats, the nests are deep under heavy boulders or large trees. The queen is always well protected and is usually in a remote place about 6–8 m (20–26 ft) from the largest chamber where the brood is stored. The chambers are connected by various galleries.

## Colonies

Colonies of *L. apiculatum* are polydomous with segments of nests (or satellite colonies) scattered over the landscape. Colonies are variable in size, ranging from a few hundred to hundreds of thousands of workers. Colonies exploited for their brood by humans contain between 65,000 and 85,000 individuals, while undisturbed colonies may contain as many as 250,000 individuals. Colonies remain useful for repeated brood collection by humans for 4 to 12 years.

Colony foundation in *L. apiculatum* is by haplometrosis (non-cooperative), that is, a single fertile queen founds each colony. Colony foundation behavior is not uniform among founding queens. The time spent exploring, excavating, and removing excavated materials and waste are usually higher throughout the day, while oviposition, brood care, and inactivity increase at night. Founding queens prefer sites close to bodies of water; however, sites slightly further from water are more conducive to the establishment of a successful colony as persistently high humidity will result in the early death of a colony due to fungal invasion.

## Feeding

*Liometopum apiculatum* are opportunistic carnivores and granivores, and have also been observed foraging on dead insects, larger colonies being more predaceous. *L. apiculatum* also feeds on crustaceans, annelids, mollusks, dead vertebrates, animal droppings, and extrafloral nectar. These ants also obtain nectar or pollen from bear grass and substances from the outside of the ovaries of the flowers of century plants (*Agave scabra* and *Agave chisosensis*) and Spanish dagger (*Yucca* spp.). Workers have been attracted to various foods used as baits including apple sauce, sausage, vegetable soup, sugar water, and cookies. *L. apiculatum* have also been observed soliciting honeydew from insects including membracids (*Vanduzea segmentata*), aphids, and other ants (*Pogonomyrmex barbatus*, *Camponotus sayi* and *Solenopsis xyloni*). In some habitats the honeydew produced by hemipterans, *Cinara* spp., *Dysmicoccus brevipes* and *Saissetia oleae*, are the main energy sources. In other words, hemipteran exudates make up the bulk of the diet of *L. apiculatum*. Their role in disrupting biological control has not been determined.

## Foraging activity

*Liometopum apiculatum* forage from March to September. Workers forage almost exclusively on trails as wide as 2–3 cm (0.8–1.2 in) on the soil surface, and when the temperature rises sharply at midday, they cease foraging and seek shelter under stones. The movement of this species is less erratic than *L. occidentale* at higher temperatures. An increase in temperature by 30 °C (54 °F) changes the speed 15-fold, increasing exponentially from 0.44 to 6.60 cm (0.17 to 2.60 in) per second. There also appears to be little difference in the speed whether ants are moving towards or away from the nest, or between large and small workers during the summer months. However, after prolonged periods (two months or more) of low temperatures, the larger workers are faster than the small workers. Also within a range of 14–38 °C (57–100 °F), there appears to be little effect of temperature on the number of ants on trails. Maximal activity occurs between 12 p.m. and 12 a.m during the summer months in southern alpine habitats such as Mount Wilson, California. In natural environments, ants of this species forage in areas of 468–708 m2 (5,040–7,620 sq ft), with an average of 612 m2 (6,590 sq ft); however, they only use between 16% and 30% of this area at any given time. The spatial distribution of the foraging areas for these species seems to be strongly correlated with the location of shrubs and trees infested by hemipterans.

## Reproduction

Immature stages of reproductives have been found in *L. apiculatum* nests from May to August, whereas the rest of the year the brood is of the worker caste. Males and gynes have been collected outside the nest from June to August and queens (likely founding queens) have been collected in July and August under stones and other landscape features. Nuptial flights of this species occur during the day after a heavy rain during the months of April or May. Before a nuptial flight there is a great agitation of the workers, which leave the nest and run rapidly in a "zig-zag" fashion. The male and female alates leave the nest, but are less active. After a while the workers begin to bite the legs and wings of the alates, forcing them to climb the nearest plant. The workers continue to excite the alates with bites until they begin to beat their wings, and subsequently initiate flight one by one, not as a swarm. Mating takes place in the air, and mated males and females fall to earth together, often still attached. The life span of *L. apiculatum* queens is shorter than that of *L. luctuosum* queens (exact time difference not specified); however, their productivity (oviposition) is greater.

The annual productivity for an established colony (60,000 to 85,000 workers) of *L. apiculatum* is about 3–3.6 kilograms (6.6–7.9 lb) of brood per year. Oviposition by founding queens is large, however, only a small percentage reaches the adult stage of the F1 generation, partly because the smaller, "trophic" eggs are consumed as food. After laying her first batch of eggs, the queen delays laying more until the first eggs have developed into pupae. Once the first workers emerge, the queen discontinues laying trophic eggs, which lowers the total number of eggs laid but increases the proportion of viable eggs. Eggs are laid all year round.

Some virgin queens of *L. apiculatum* emerge from the nest, remove their wings, and dig a nest without mating. They will lay eggs, care for them, and eat them to survive. However, they only care for more recently laid eggs that have not turned yellow or dried out.

## Life cycle

A study by Conconi *et al.* (1983a) recorded the longevity of each of the reproductive castes and colony foundation of *L. apiculatum*. In this study, they studied the life cycle of this species under different conditions of humidity, temperature, and substrate. Ant queens were placed either in glass tubes with moist cotton or in jars with soil, and were held at varying temperatures and relative humidity. Observations of the longevity of the various reproductive castes of *L. apiculatum* are as follows: males lived 15 to 37 days, virgin queens lived 19 to 268 days and fertilized queens lived 17 to 316 days. However, the last estimate is incredibly short for a queen, so either these ants are highly polygynous or they live much longer in the wild.

### Bibliography

* Conconi, J.R.E. de; Darchen, B.D.; Aguilar, J.I.C.; Miranda, N.G. & Moreno, J.M.P. (1983a). "Ciclo de vida y fundación de las sociedades de Liometopum apiculatum M. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)". *Mexico Serie Zoologia*. **54** (1). An. Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. Auton: 161–176.
* Conconi, J.R.E. de; MacGregor Loaeza, R.; Aguilar, J.C. & Rosas, G.S. (1983b). "Quelques données sur la biologie des fourmis Liometopum (Dolichoderinae) du Mexique et en particulier sur leurs rapports avec les homoptères". In Jaisson, P. (ed.). *Proceedings of the First International Symposium*. Social insects in the tropics. Paris: Université Paris-Nord. pp. 125–130.
* Del Toro, I.; Pacheco, J.A.; Mackay, W.P. (2009). "Revision of the Ant Genus Liometopum (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)". *Sociobiology*. **53**: 299–369.
* Emery, C. (1895) Beiträge zur kenntniss der Nordamerikanischen Ameisenfauna. *Zoologische Jahrbücher Abteilung für Systematik Ökologie und Geographie der Tiere* **8**:257-360.
* Hoey-Chamberlain, R; Rust, MK; Klotz, JH (2013). "A Review of the Biology, Ecology and Behavior of Velvety Tree Ants of North America". *Sociobiology*. **60** (1): 1–10. doi:10.13102/sociobiology.v60i1.1-10.
* Mayr, G. (1870) Neue Formiciden. *Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien* **20**: 960–961.
* Shattuck, S.O. (1994) Taxonomic catalog of the ant subfamilies Aneuretinae and Dolichoderinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). *University of California Publications in Entomology* **112**:1–241.
* Wheeler, W. M. (1905). "The North American ants of the genus Liometopum". *Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History*. **21**: 321–333.
* Wheeler, G. C., & J. Wheeler (1951) The ant larvae of the subfamily Dolichoderinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). *Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington* **53**:169–210.
* This article incorporates text from a scholarly publication published under a copyright license that allows anyone to reuse, revise, remix and redistribute the materials in any form for any purpose: Hoey-Chamberlain, R; Rust, MK; Klotz, JH (2013), "A Review of the Biology, Ecology and Behavior of Velvety Tree Ants of North America", *Sociobiology*, **60** (1): 1–10, doi:10.13102/sociobiology.v60i1.1-10 Please check the source for the exact licensing terms.

## InfoBox

| *Liometopum apiculatum* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *L. apiculatum* worker from the United States | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Formicidae |
| Subfamily: | Dolichoderinae |
| Genus: | *Liometopum* |
| Species: | ***L. apiculatum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Liometopum apiculatum***
Mayr, 1870 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
|  | |


title: Xtol

abstract: Xtol is a photographic developer manufactured by Eastman Kodak company. Xtol is one of the few developers that do not contain hydroquinone. It uses derivatives of ascorbic acid and phenidone as developing agents. Claimed advantages include low toxicity, easy mixing, and an unusual combination of fine grain with high film speed. Xtol was covered by a US patent until its expiry in 2016. It is sold by Kodak in a powdered form to make 5 litres of developer. A similar formula, compatible with Xtol in terms of developing times and the resulting contrast curves, is sold by Adox under the name XT-3 in powder packages for 1 or 5 litres of developing solution.

text:
# Xtol

**Xtol** is a photographic developer manufactured by Eastman Kodak company.

Xtol is one of the few developers that do not contain hydroquinone. It uses derivatives of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and phenidone as developing agents. Claimed advantages include low toxicity (important for environmental reasons as well as occupational safety), easy mixing, and an unusual combination of fine grain with high film speed.

Xtol was covered by a US patent until its expiry in 2016. It is sold by Kodak in a powdered form to make 5 litres of developer. A similar formula, compatible with Xtol in terms of developing times and the resulting contrast curves, is sold by Adox under the name XT-3 in powder packages for 1 or 5 litres of developing solution.