title: 1869 New York state election

abstract: The 1869 New York state election was held on November 2, 1869, to elect the Secretary of State, the State Comptroller, the Attorney General, the State Treasurer, the State Engineer, two Judges of the New York Court of Appeals, a Canal Commissioners and an Inspector of State Prisons, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly and the New York State Senate. Besides, the amended State Constitution was rejected with 223,935 votes for and 290,456 against it. Only the "Judicial Article" which re-organized the New York Court of Appeals was adopted by a small majority, with 247,240 for and 240,442 against it.

text:
# 1869 New York state election

The **1869 New York state election** was held on November 2, 1869, to elect the Secretary of State, the State Comptroller, the Attorney General, the State Treasurer, the State Engineer, two Judges of the New York Court of Appeals, a Canal Commissioners and an Inspector of State Prisons, as well as all members of the New York State Assembly and the New York State Senate. Besides, the amended State Constitution was rejected with 223,935 votes for and 290,456 against it. Only the "Judicial Article" which re-organized the New York Court of Appeals was adopted by a small majority, with 247,240 for and 240,442 against it.

## History

The Republican state convention met on September 24 at Syracuse, New York. George William Curtis was nominated for Secretary of State, Thomas Hillhouse was nominated for Comptroller and John C. Robinson was nominated for State Engineer. They declined to run, and Sigel, Greeley and Taylor were substituted by the State Committee.

## Results

The whole Democratic state ticket was elected.

The incumbents Nelson, Allen, Champlain, Bristol and Richmond were re-elected. The incumbents Woodruff, Mason and Hayt were defeated.

18 Democrats and 14 Republicans were elected to a two-year term (1870–1871) in the New York State Senate.

73 Democrats and 55 Republicans were elected for the session of 1870 to the New York State Assembly.

**1869 state election results**
| Office | Democratic ticket | | Republican ticket | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Secretary of State | **Homer A. Nelson** | **330,974** | Franz Sigel | 310,733 |
| Comptroller | **William F. Allen** | **330,371** | Horace Greeley | 307,668 |
| Attorney General | **Marshall B. Champlain** | **336,774** | Martin I. Townsend | 306,133 |
| Treasurer | **Wheeler H. Bristol** | **335,942** | Thomas I. Chatfield | 306,800 |
| State Engineer | **Van Rensselaer Richmond** | **335,577** | William B. Taylor | 307,397 |
| Judge of the Court of Appeals (full term) | **John A. Lott** | **328,988** | Charles Mason | 290,238 |
| Judge of the Court of Appeals (short term) | **Robert Earl** | **328,544** | Lewis B. Woodruff | 289,965 |
| Canal Commissioner | **William W. Wright** | **336,513** | Stephen T. Hayt | 306,802 |
| Inspector of State Prisons | **Fordyce L. Laflin** | **335,702** | Daniel D. Conover | 307,235 |
|

1. In 1866 the electorate voted for a Constitutional Convention to be held in 1867. This convention met from April to September 1867, then adjourned, and completed the work only in 1868, so that the new Constitution was voted upon only in 1869.
2. To fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of John K. Porter, a judge was elected to a two-year term.

## Sources

Result in *The Tribune Almanac for 1870* compiled by Horace Greeley of the *New York Tribune*


title: Tüdeviin Myagmarjav

abstract: Tüdeviin Myagmarjav is a Mongolian former sports shooter. He competed at the 1964, 1968, 1972 and 1976 Summer Olympics. He also competed at the 1974 Asian Games and won a bronze medal.

text:
# Tüdeviin Myagmarjav

**Tüdeviin Myagmarjav** (born 5 February 1945) is a Mongolian former sports shooter. He competed at the 1964, 1968, 1972 and 1976 Summer Olympics. He also competed at the 1974 Asian Games and won a bronze medal.

## InfoBox

Tüdeviin Myagmarjav
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1945-02-05) 5 February 1945<br>Govi-Altai, Mongolia |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Sports shooting |


title: Nathaniel Burches

abstract: Nathaniel “Nat” Burches was a privateer who operated out of New England. He was known for sailing alongside Regnier Tongrelow and Thomas Penniston, and for single-handedly defeating a huge Spanish ship.

text:
# Nathaniel Burches

**Nathaniel “Nat” Burches** (fl. 1705–1707, last name occasionally Burchet) was a privateer who operated out of New England. He was known for sailing alongside Regnier Tongrelow and Thomas Penniston, and for single-handedly defeating a huge Spanish ship.

## History

Regnier Tongrelow was a well-known privateer in New York who had already taken a number of prize ships when he planned yet another cruise in his newly purchased ship *New York Galley* in September 1705. Thomas Penniston joined him with his sloop *Setty*, and alongside Burches - whose 27-man, 6-gun sloop acted as the flotilla's tender – they sailed that December. Avoiding terrible weather (which killed fellow privateer Otto Van Tuyl when his ship ran aground), the group made their way to the Caribbean. Operating from Barbados and Bermuda through early 1706, they captured a number of vessels in short order.

Burches’ sloop was alone in July 1706 when he found a 600-ton, 24-gun, 250-man Spanish ship off Cuba. Attacking fearlessly, he fired six cannon shots at the Spaniard. Two shots hit the Spanish ship below the waterline, causing it to take on water quickly; another broke the ship's mainmast, which toppled down across the deck; and one shot hit the ship's roundhouse, killing the Captain. The Spanish ship fled, beaching itself near Baracoa, while Burches left to find Tongrelow, who was well known for attacking the largest ships he could find. Tongrelow searched for the Spanish ship but never found it. Burches returned to the scene and located it, attacking the Spaniards who fought back from ashore. Finally they made Burches an offer: they would surrender their cargo of wine and brandy if Burches would spare their ship and the remainder of their cargo. He agreed, sailing away with “fifty pipes of Canary and Brandy.”

Penniston was killed in July 1706 after engaging two ships at the same time. Tongrelow himself sailed back to New York after capturing a large ship, then returned to the Caribbean in early 1707. After capturing a few more prizes Tongrelow was forced away from Havana by the Spanish governor's fleet. Burches is thought to have been killed at sea when he failed to rendezvous with Tongrelow; this may have happened shortly after Penniston was killed, or early in Tongrelow's 1707 cruise.

* War of Spanish Succession – the European conflict which spilled into the Americas as “Queen Anne’s War,” sparking a rise in privateering activity.

## InfoBox

| Nathaniel Burches | |
| --- | --- |
| Died | At sea |
| Other names | Burchet |
| Occupation | Privateer |
| Years active | 1705-1707 |
| Known for | Sailing alongside Regnier Tongrelow and Thomas Penniston |
| **Piratical career** | |
| Base of operations | New England |
|  | |


title: Spellbinder (board game)

abstract: Spellbinder is a fantasy microgame published by Task Force Games in 1980 in which wizards compete to conquer the central castle.

text:
# Spellbinder (board game)

***Spellbinder*** is a fantasy microgame published by Task Force Games in 1980 in which wizards compete to conquer the central castle.

## Description

*Spellbinder* is a 2–4 player game in which each player controls a wizard. Yamantsar, the chief wizard of central Yof-Pintre castle, has departed to go conquering, and the four remaining wizards, who occupy lesser castles in corners of the board, each decide to take over Yof-Piintre.

### Gameplay

Each turn, the first player is chosen at random. The sequence of play is:

* Movement
* Magical combat: Each wizard chooses a spell secretly, and the two spells are revealed simultaneously. Spells can cause damage to the enemy army, but can also backfire, causing damage to the owning player's army.
* Regular combat

### Scenarios

The game comes with three scenarios:

1. Everyone vies for control of Yof-Pintre.
2. One player starts in control of Yof-Pintre and must defend it.
3. Yamantsar, the chief wizard, returns to fight the lesser wizards.

There is also a campaign game, which is to play all of the scenarios in order.

### Victory conditions

Points are awarded for destruction of enemies, with the highest number of points awarded for controlling Yof-Pintre. The player with the most points is the winner.

## Publication history

In 1977, Metagaming Concepts published *Ogre* and pioneered the microgame, a small and easy-to-learn wargame, often with a fantasy or science fiction theme, packaged in a ziplock bag or thin plastic case. Several game companies responded with their own lines of microgrames, chief among them the "Fantasy Capsule" and "Space Capsule" microgames of Simulations Publications Inc. and the "Pocket Games" of Task Force Games. One of the Pocket Games line was *Spellbinder*, a microgame designed by R. Vance Buck, with interior art by Buck and Bob Bingham, and cover art by Alvin Bellflower. It was published by Task Force Games in 1980.

## Reception

In *The Space Gamer* No. 33, David Ladyman found many problems with the game and commented that "Despite the impressive number of names listed in the credits (including five playtesters), I get the distinct impression that this little \[...\] game was not felt worthy of the careful design and playtesting most wargames receive before issue. I find it regrettable that Task Force's fantasy games are not living up to the reputation of their other releases."

In Issue 27 of *Simulacrum*, Brian Train noted, "This is a fairly simple game that incorporates a limited amount of 'chrome' rules." However, Train felt that all games tended to have the same outcome, saying, "Because the victory conditions are the same for all scenarios, and the highest number of points are awarded for controlling Yof-Pintre, play becomes very stereotyped and all games involve one big battle in the centre of the board."

## Other reviews and commentary


title: Liang Baibo

abstract: Liang Baibo was a Chinese manhua artist and painter, best known for her short-lived comic strip, Miss Bee, published in 1935. She and Yu Feng were China's first female cartoonists. Born in Shanghai, she worked in Singapore and the Philippines, and was a member of the avant-garde Storm Society. She had a three-year extramarital relationship with the artist Ye Qianyu, but left him to marry an air force pilot. She moved to Taiwan after the Chinese Communist Revolution, and later died by suicide.

text:
# Liang Baibo

**Liang Baibo** (Chinese: 梁白波; 1911 – c.1970) was a Chinese manhua artist and painter, best known for her short-lived comic strip, *Miss Bee*, published in 1935. She and Yu Feng were China's first female cartoonists. Born in Shanghai, she worked in Singapore and the Philippines, and was a member of the avant-garde Storm Society. She had a three-year extramarital relationship with the artist Ye Qianyu, but left him to marry an air force pilot. She moved to Taiwan after the Chinese Communist Revolution, and later died by suicide.

## Early life and career

Liang was born in 1911 into a middle-class family in Shanghai, with her ancestral home in Zhongshan, Guangdong. She studied at Hangzhou National College of Art (now China Academy of Art) and then at the Western Art Department of Shanghai Xinhua Art College, where she focused on oil painting.

She was a friend of the revolutionary poet Yin Fu (Bai Mang). In 1930, she drew nine illustrations for his poem collection *Children Tower* (孩儿塔). However, the book was not published at the time as Yin Fu was executed by the Kuomintang in early 1931 along with four others, together known as the Five Martyrs of the League of Left-Wing Writers.

Liang was a member of the avant-garde Storm Society, founded in 1931 by Pang Xunqin and Ni Yide. She used the pen name **Bomb**. Although she later dropped it at the exhortation of her friends, she adopted **Bon** instead, "to preserve the sound of an explosion". Individualistic and adventuresome by nature, she went to Singapore and then the Philippines, where she taught fine art at a Chinese middle school.

## Affair with Ye Qianyu and *Miss Bee*

Liang returned to Shanghai in early 1935. When submitting her cartoon at Time Book Company, she met Ye Qianyu, a prominent artist and editor, and instantly fell in love with him. According to Ye's memoir, she pursued him without caring about the fact that he was married with children, in the spirit of the romanticism of the 1930s.

In the spring of 1935, Liang and Ye participated in a sanitation propaganda project organized by the Tianjin–Pukou railway. They travelled to Beijing by train, where they stayed for a few days, and then decided to go into hiding in Nanjing. Living secretly with Ye, she drew the comic strip, *Miss Bee* (蜜蜂小姐), which was published on the front page of the newspaper *Libao* (立报; *Standing Paper*). The strip was only published for 25 days, however, before Ye's wife Luo Caiyun and her father tracked him down and forced him to return to Shanghai. Luo refused Ye's request for divorce, but the couple became legally separated.

In November 1935, Liang drew cartoons of the marriage of the "Movie Queen" Hu Die. In 1936, she was elected as one of the 31 members of the Arranging Committee of the First National Cartoon Exhibition.

When Japan invaded China and occupied Shanghai in 1937, Ye Qianyu, together with a group of fellow Shanghai cartoonists, formed the "National Salvation Cartoon Propaganda Corps". Funded by the Kuomintang government, the corps left Shanghai for the interior to spread anti-Japanese propaganda. Liang was the only female member of the corps.

The propaganda corps evacuated Shanghai and went to Wuhan. There she created a cartoon depicting a guerrilla fighter standing as a giant in front of the Japanese Army, which is considered her representative work in war propaganda. She also created the work *Women Joining the War*, which was exhibited in the Soviet Union. In 1938, Liang met Chen Enjie (陈恩杰), a pilot of the Republic of China Air Force, and fell in love with him on the spot. She terminated her three-year affair with Ye and later married Chen. She travelled to Tibet during the war.

## Later life and death

After the surrender of Japan, Liang returned to Shanghai in 1946 and travelled to Xinjiang to paint. When the Communist Party took over mainland China, she moved to Taiwan with her husband, and had a son. In Taiwan, she reconnected with Liao Molin (廖末林), another former member of the National Salvation Cartoon Propaganda Corps, and worked at a kiln Liao opened in Tainan. She later met the writer Lin Haiyin, who introduced her to work as an illustrator for the newspaper *United Daily News*. However, she did not find career success in Taiwan and suffered from schizophrenia. She died by suicide in Taiwan, circa 1970.

## Legacy

Liang is known as China's first female cartoonist, although Yu Feng was her contemporary and possible predecessor. Her known works are few but are praised for their high quality. Her short-lived comic strip, *Miss Bee*, is described by a critic as "very lovely; the lines were soft and beautiful, and the themes were very interesting. It drew much attention from other cartoonists and was welcomed by readers from the beginning." In Ye Qianyu's memoir, he recalled his three years spent with Liang fondly, and described her as a "talented painter". He said that she had a "poet's temperament" and that he drew much inspiration from her when creating his own works such as the comic strip *Mr. Wang*.

## InfoBox

| Liang Baibo | |
| --- | --- |
| 梁白波 | |
| Born | 1911
Shanghai, China |
| Died | circa 1970
Taiwan |


title: The New Cambridge Medieval History

abstract: The New Cambridge Medieval History is a history of Europe from 500 to 1500 AD published by Cambridge University Press in seven volumes between 1995 and 2005. It replaced The Cambridge Medieval History in eight volumes published between 1911 and 1936. The first volume was the last to be published, in 2005, due to the death of scholars before their chapters were delivered and the tardiness of others in keeping to deadlines which caused the revision of a number of the chapters that had been submitted on time. The intended chapter on the Romans and Lombards in Italy was omitted after the editors gave up waiting for it to be delivered, while Michael Toch, by contrast, produced a draft of his chapter on the Jews in Europe in two weeks. Writing in the preface to volume II in 1995, Rosamond McKitterick commented on the "unhappy legacy of the old volume III when the principles of scholarship were sullied with political enmities and many scholars excluded as authors because of their nationality", a fault that she felt was expunged in the new history.

text:
# The New Cambridge Medieval History

***The New Cambridge Medieval History*** is a history of Europe from 500 to 1500 AD published by Cambridge University Press in seven volumes between 1995 and 2005. It replaced *The Cambridge Medieval History* in eight volumes published between 1911 and 1936.

The first volume was the last to be published, in 2005, due to the death of scholars before their chapters were delivered and the tardiness of others in keeping to deadlines which caused the revision of a number of the chapters that had been submitted on time. The intended chapter on the Romans and Lombards in Italy was omitted after the editors gave up waiting for it to be delivered, while Michael Toch, by contrast, produced a draft of his chapter on the Jews in Europe in two weeks.

Writing in the preface to volume II in 1995, Rosamond McKitterick commented on the "unhappy legacy of the old volume III (*Germany and the Western Empire*) when the principles of scholarship were sullied with political enmities and many scholars excluded as authors because of their nationality", a fault that she felt was expunged in the new history.

## Volumes


title: North Marston

abstract:
North Marston is a village and also a civil parish in the Buckinghamshire district in the ceremonial county of Buckinghamshire, England. It is located about three miles south of Winslow, and four miles north of Waddesdon. The village name 'Marston' is a common one in England, and is Anglo-Saxon for 'farm by a marsh'. This refers to the common state of the land in the Aylesbury Vale, where the water table is quite high. The prefix 'North' was added later to distinguish the village from nearby Fleet Marston. The population of the village is approximately 700 and there are about 280 houses. The facilities in North Marston include:
  - a village hall, which was built as a war memorial after the First World War
  - a pub called The Pilgrim that reopened on 1 May 2010
  - a recreation ground and sports field A recent project within the village has re-created the sports field, which is now called the North Marston and Granborough Community Sports Field. In the field there is a pavilion, football pitch, running track, nature trail and cricket nets. There is a cricket team. A community shop in the village is now established. Construction work started on The Shop North Marston on 11 November 2010 and opened in June 2011. The village borders with Oving, Pitchcott, Quainton, Hogshaw, Granborough, Swanbourne and Hoggeston.

text:
# North Marston

**North Marston** is a village and also a civil parish in the Buckinghamshire district in the ceremonial county of Buckinghamshire, England. It is located about three miles south of Winslow, and four miles north of Waddesdon.

The village name 'Marston' is a common one in England, and is Anglo-Saxon for 'farm by a marsh'. This refers to the common state of the land in the Aylesbury Vale, where the water table is quite high. The prefix 'North' was added later to distinguish the village from nearby Fleet Marston. The population of the village is approximately 700 and there are about 280 houses.

The facilities in North Marston include:

* a village hall, which was built as a war memorial after the First World War
* a pub called The Pilgrim (formerly, The Bell) that reopened on 1 May 2010
* a recreation ground and sports field (that is shared with Granborough)

A recent project within the village has re-created the sports field, which is now called the North Marston and Granborough Community Sports Field. In the field there is a pavilion, football pitch, running track, nature trail and cricket nets. There is a cricket team (North Marston & Granborough Cricket Club).

A community shop in the village is now established. Construction work started on The Shop North Marston on 11 November 2010 and opened in June 2011.

The village borders with Oving, Pitchcott, Quainton, Hogshaw, Granborough, Swanbourne and Hoggeston.

## St Mary's Church

The parish church is dedicated to the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary; the foundation stones of the church on this site were laid around the 12th century. Pilgrim money enabled the nave roof to be raised and clerestory windows put in. The inner part of the tower dates back to the 15th century: from 2002 to 2004 all of the outer stones were replaced due to crumbling. There are six bells in the tower – tuned to the key of F – and a tenor weight of 13-2-27 from 1925 (with original inscriptions dating from as far back as the 16th century). There is a plan to build a meeting room, with kitchen and toilet facilities on the north side of the church, to replace those facilities of the Methodist chapel, which it is planned to sell. Since 2004, when the Methodist Chapel closed, the Parish Church has been in a Local Ecumenical Partnership with the Methodists.

## Holy Well or Schorne Well

There is a holy well in the village, found by Sir John Schorne, who was rector of the parish of North Marston in about 1290. He was referred to as a saint who, it is claimed, performed many miracles. It was he that blessed the village well and after his death it became a resort of great pilgrimage. Pilgrims probably stayed at one or two of the houses in Church Street that still stand today, but most of the houses were destroyed in a later fire. The Holy Well was renovated in 2004/2005, after many other designs had been put in place. On the day of its official reopening a poem was read; this can be found here, with some 'before' and 'after' pictures.

## Education

The North Marston Church of England School is a mixed Church of England primary school. It is a voluntary controlled school, which takes children from the age of four through to the age of eleven. The school has approximately 100 pupils. It is situated across the road from the parish church. The school has 3 "houses" each named for local reasons: Camden Neild (Red) Verney (Green) Schorne (Blue)

There was also "The Schorne College" situated in the grounds of the church directly opposite the present site of the School

The Village has a pre-school called Schorne Pre-School which has been running for around twenty years now.

## Sport

A football club based in the village, Schorne College (Past & Present) F.C., played in the FA Cup qualifying rounds in the 1880s and 1890s, notably beating beating Millwall 4–0, away from home, in 1889.

* John Schorne \- Local unofficial saint, and Rector of North Marston around 1290.
* John Camden Neild \- Miser to whose memory the chancel of North Marston was dedicated when Queen Victoria paid for its refurbishment; he had left her all his money.

## Pictures of the village

## InfoBox

| North Marston | |
| --- | --- |
| The Holy Well of John Schorne, Schorne Lane, North Marston | |
| North MarstonLocation within Buckinghamshire | |
| Population | 781 (2011 Census including Hogshaw) |
| OS grid reference | SP775227 |
| Civil parish | * North Marston |
| Unitary authority |  |
| Ceremonial county |  |
| Region |  |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | BUCKINGHAM |
| Postcode district | MK18 |
| Dialling code | 01296 |
|  | |
| Police | Thames Valley |
| Fire | Buckinghamshire |
| Ambulance | South Central |
|  | |
| UK Parliament |  |
|


title: U.tv

abstract: The URL u.tv was the address of the main website of UTV, the Northern Irish ITV franchise holder. The website offered news, sport and entertainment news and was also home to the companies ISP services. As result of the takeover of UTV by ITV plc, The u.tv website closed in June 2016, and all of the latest news and weather and programme catch up from UTV moved into itv.com.

text:
# U.tv

The URL **u.tv** was the address of the main website of UTV, the Northern Irish ITV franchise holder. The website offered news, sport and entertainment news and was also home to the companies ISP services. As result of the takeover of UTV by ITV plc, The u.tv website closed in June 2016, and all of the latest news and weather and programme catch up from UTV moved into itv.com.

## UTV Internet

UTV Internet was an internet service provider owned by UTV Media plc, through which they provided broadband and dial-up internet packages. UTV operated this service in both Northern Ireland, and the Republic. Although they did not target internet subscribers outside the island of Ireland, the dial-up service was also available in Great Britain. The service was sold in 2014 to Rainbow Communications.

## InfoBox

u.tv
| Type of site | Portal |
| --- | --- |
| Owner | ITV plc |
| Created by | UTV |
| URL | www.u.tv |
| Commercial | Yes |
| Registration | No |
| Launched | 1 June 2000 (2000-06-01) |
| Current status | Offline since 6 June 2016 |


title: Odozana floccosa

abstract: Odozana floccosa is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1864. It is found in Panama and Tefé, Brazil.

text:
# Odozana floccosa

***Odozana floccosa*** is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1864. It is found in Panama and Tefé, Brazil.

## InfoBox

| *Odozana floccosa* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Erebidae |
| Subfamily: | Arctiinae |
| Genus: | *Odozana* |
| Species: | ***O. floccosa*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Odozana floccosa***<br>Walker, 1864 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Hypocrita trichiura* Felder, 1875 * *Odozana floccosa* ab. *ochreivitta* Draudt, 1918 * *Odozana floccosa* ab. *reducta* Draudt, 1918 | |


abstract:
National Council of Churches in Pakistan is the representative body of the Protestant Churches in Pakistan. It was founded as West Pakistan Christian Council in 1948 and was later renamed in 1975. The notable members of the council include the Church of Pakistan, Presbyterian Church of Pakistan, The Salvation Army and The Associated Reformed Presbyterian Church. Victor Azariah is the present General Secretary of NCCP. His vision is to bring the Churches in Pakistan together through unifying actions including human development and theological advancement. NCCP is making an effort to progress on the unifying elements for Pakistani Churches and also strengthening of image of Christians in Pakistan through outward and inward communication projecting a positive and progressive image. National Council of Churches in Pakistan - Strategic Vision 2022-2027 Preamble Being a national body of mainstream Protestant Churches in Pakistan, the National Council of Churches in Pakistan (NCCP) resolves to work for national issues that benefit the Church as the Body of Christ through strengthening of Christian faith, denominational Churches and Church bodies. NCCP will focus on advocacy, mediation and enabling for national causes that enhance the ability of denominational Churches to address priority issues for the strengthening and empowerment of Christians in Pakistan. Strategic Priorities NCCP has identified two priorities that it seeks to work towards in next medium term: 2022-2027. These strategic priorities are:
- Unifying themes for Churches in Pakistan
- Image of Christians in Pakistan Unifying themes for Churches in Pakistan NCCP will analyse through consultative and participatory processes with the member Churches and Church Institutions, the key themes and elements that provide collaborative thinking, planning and work among the Churches and Church Institutions. Based on the consultative processes, NCCP will identify major issues that NCCP can work towards and bring about meaningful and purposive changes in. NCCP will design interventions to bring together the existing and possible future programmes, institutions and projects within member Churches so that all efforts can be mutually aware, supportive and coordinated. This will bring about a much bigger impact than working in isolation and almost in competition with one another or at least being oblivious to each other. Therefore, NCCP will channel its energies into analysis and development of joint platforms which will not duplicate existing work but will enhance synergies and cooperation and will ultimately serve as unifying themes for the Churches in Pakistan. Image of Christians in Pakistan The Pakistani Christians face dire circumstances due to their faith. Issues like prejudice, stigmatisation, marginalisation, persecution and outright threat to lives, livelihoods and assets of Christians are unfortunately commonplace in Pakistan. The main driver behind these issues is the mindset of the majority community that manifests in hatred, intolerance and aggression towards the Christians in Pakistan. This mindset emanates from the image of Pakistani Christians that the majority community believes to be true i.e., low-caste, menial and despicable. This image is shared and is matured in the minds of the majority community over generations and instigates the irrational aggression and rejection of Pakistani Christians at the hands of majority community. NCCP will strive to change the image of Christians in Pakistan through both outward and inward communication. NCCP will foster the collaborative positive and purposive outward communication through social and mainstream media in addition to celebrating and recognising the accomplishments of Pakistani Christians so that the majority community is reminded of and exposed to the contributions of Pakistani Christians. NCCP will also advocate, mediate and enable for enhancement of progressive and development opportunities for Christians in Pakistan through the efforts and vocation of denominational Churches so that access to opportunities is enhanced and facilitated for the growth and development of Christians in Pakistan. NCCP will not implement interventions but will bring together existing and possible future interventions from various Christian initiatives and Church Institutions so that a collaborative and synergistic suite of opportunities is available and actively promoted to the Pakistani Christians to facilitate them to benefit from such opportunities and strengthen not only their own lives but also contribute to the positive image of Christians in Pakistan. Operationalising the Strategic Priorities NCCP will continue to engage with denominational Churches as well as with global players, to work towards the main issues identified as unifying themes for Pakistani Churches and opportunities for improvement of image of Pakistani Christians. NCCP will play the role of an advocate, a mediator and an enabler to work on the strategic priorities through collaborative planning and execution of agreed steps.

text:
# National Council of Churches in Pakistan

**National Council of Churches in Pakistan**  is the representative body of the Protestant Churches in Pakistan. It was founded as West Pakistan Christian Council in 1948 and was later renamed in 1975. The notable members of the council include the Church of Pakistan, Presbyterian Church of Pakistan, The Salvation Army and The Associated Reformed Presbyterian Church.

**Victor Azariah** is the present General Secretary of NCCP. His vision is to bring the Churches in Pakistan together through unifying actions including human development and theological advancement. NCCP is making an effort to progress on the unifying elements for Pakistani Churches and also strengthening of image of Christians in Pakistan through outward and inward communication projecting a positive and progressive image.

**National Council of Churches in Pakistan - Strategic Vision 2022-2027**

**Preamble**

Being a national body of mainstream Protestant Churches in Pakistan, the National Council of Churches in Pakistan (NCCP) resolves to work for national issues that benefit the Church as the Body of Christ through strengthening of Christian faith, denominational Churches and Church bodies. NCCP will focus on advocacy, mediation and enabling for national causes that enhance the ability of denominational Churches to address priority issues for the strengthening and empowerment of Christians in Pakistan.

**Strategic Priorities**

NCCP has identified two priorities that it seeks to work towards in next medium term: 2022-2027. These strategic priorities are:

\- Unifying themes for Churches in Pakistan

\- Image of Christians in Pakistan

***Unifying themes for Churches in Pakistan***

NCCP will analyse through consultative and participatory processes with the member Churches and Church Institutions, the key themes and elements that provide collaborative thinking, planning and work among the Churches and Church Institutions. Based on the consultative processes, NCCP will identify major issues that NCCP can work towards and bring about meaningful and purposive changes in.

NCCP will design interventions to bring together the existing and possible future programmes, institutions and projects within member Churches so that all efforts can be mutually aware, supportive and coordinated. This will bring about a much bigger impact than working in isolation and almost in competition with one another or at least being oblivious to each other.

Therefore, NCCP will channel its energies into analysis and development of joint platforms which will not duplicate existing work but will enhance synergies and cooperation and will ultimately serve as unifying themes for the Churches in Pakistan.

***Image of Christians in Pakistan***

The Pakistani Christians face dire circumstances due to their faith. Issues like prejudice, stigmatisation, marginalisation, persecution and outright threat to lives, livelihoods and assets of Christians are unfortunately commonplace in Pakistan. The main driver behind these issues is the mindset of the majority community that manifests in hatred, intolerance and aggression towards the Christians in Pakistan. This mindset emanates from the image of Pakistani Christians that the majority community believes to be true i.e., low-caste, menial and despicable. This image is shared and is matured in the minds of the majority community over generations and instigates the irrational aggression and rejection of Pakistani Christians at the hands of majority community.

NCCP will strive to change the image of Christians in Pakistan through both outward and inward communication.

NCCP will foster the collaborative positive and purposive outward communication through social and mainstream media in addition to celebrating and recognising the accomplishments of Pakistani Christians so that the majority community is reminded of and exposed to the contributions of Pakistani Christians.

NCCP will also advocate, mediate and enable for enhancement of progressive and development opportunities for Christians in Pakistan through the efforts and vocation of denominational Churches so that access to opportunities is enhanced and facilitated for the growth and development of Christians in Pakistan.

NCCP will not implement interventions but will bring together existing and possible future interventions from various Christian initiatives and Church Institutions so that a collaborative and synergistic suite of opportunities is available and actively promoted to the Pakistani Christians to facilitate them to benefit from such opportunities and strengthen not only their own lives but also contribute to the positive image of Christians in Pakistan.

**Operationalising the Strategic Priorities**

NCCP will continue to engage with denominational Churches as well as with global players, to work towards the main issues identified as unifying themes for Pakistani Churches and opportunities for improvement of image of Pakistani Christians.

NCCP will play the role of an advocate, a mediator and an enabler to work on the strategic priorities through collaborative planning and execution of agreed steps.


title: Sreedharan Champad

abstract: Sreedharan Champad was an Indian circus artist, circus historian and Malayalam-language writer from Kerala. He worked in a number of fields, including working as circus manager, flying trapeze artist, circus company public relations officer, auto driver, bill collector, journalist and writer. Champad wrote over 20 books including novels, more than 100 short stories, biographies and articles. His book An Album of Indian Big Tops chronicles the history of the circus industry in India from 1880 to 2010.

text:
# Sreedharan Champad

**Sreedharan Champad** (1938 – 14 June 2024) was an Indian circus artist, circus historian and Malayalam-language writer from Kerala. He worked in a number of fields, including working as circus manager, flying trapeze artist, circus company public relations officer, auto driver, bill collector, journalist and writer. Champad wrote over 20 books including novels, more than 100 short stories, biographies and articles. His book *An Album of Indian Big Tops* chronicles the history of the circus industry in India from 1880 to 2010.

## Biography

Champad was born in 1938 at Champad near Thalassery, Kannur district, to Kunjikannan and Narayani. After passing tenth class, he joined Devagiri College, Kozhikode, but due to financial constraints he dropped his study and went to Madras. In 1956, he joined the Great Rayman circus in Howrah as an office clerk and later became a trapeze artiste at the circus. Sreedharan was also an expert trapeze player in circuses such as Jumbo, Gemini, Amar and Great Raymond. In 1961, while at Chengalpet, he temporarily left the circus field, when the Great Eastern Circus rejected him to go with its Malaysian tour. After studying automobile engineering in Madras for two years, he worked as a diesel mechanic in the Madras State Transport Corporation for six months. After that he worked as an auto driver in Kozhikode for some time. Sridharan also served as the Editor-in-Chief of Padayani Weekly published from Thalassery, Padayani News Editor and Jagannath Magazine Editor. He also worked as a correspondent for Kaumudi News Service for five years.

"Ring Boy" published in Mathrubhumi Weekly in 1964 was his first story. His first novel *Anyonyamthedi nadannavar* was published in Mathrubhumu weekly in 1977. Champad was recently working on a new novel on the socio-cultural context of Panoor and its environs since 1947.

He and his wife Valsala had four children. He resided at his house *Srivastsa* at Pathayakunnu, Pattiam in Kannur district.

Champad died at his house in Kannur on 14 June 2024, at the age of 86.

## Contributions

### Literary contributions

* Champad, Sreedharan (September 2013). *An Album of Indian Big Tops (History of Indian Circus)*. Strategic Book Publishing. ISBN 978-1-62212-766-5. This book chronicles the history of circus industry in India from 1880 to 2010.
* Champad, Sreedharan (2012). *Thamp Paranja Jeevitham*. Kottayam: DC Books. ISBN 978-81-264-3901-0. OCLC 833631326. Autobiography.
* *Sarkkasinte lokam* (Meaning: world of circus)
* *Keeleri*, Biography of Keeleri Kunjikannan
* *C. V. Narayanan Nair*
* *Raktham Chinthiyavar*
* *Anyonyam Thedi Nadannavar*
* *Komali*
* *Ring*
* *Koodaram*
* *Antharam*
* *Arangettam Circus Kathakal*
* *Clint*
* *Thacholi Othenan*
* *Payyampally Chanthu*
* *Aromal Chekavar*
* *Unniyarcha*
* *Thamp*
* *Mela*, this was later made into a Malayalam movie
* *Athippara*
* *Utharaparvvam*
* *Mahacharithamala123*
* *Gurudevakathamrutham*

### Cinema

He was instrumental in the background of films like *Thampu*, *Mela*, *Aaravam*, *Kummatty*, *Apoorva Sahodarangal*, *Joker* and *Bhumimalayalam*. He was also the author of the Malayalam documentaries named *Circus* and *Cirus Lokam* (Circus World) broadcast by Doordarshan.

## Awards and honours

## InfoBox

| Sreedharan Champad | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | P. K. Sreedharan
1938 (1938)
Champad, Madras Province, British India |
| Died | (aged 86)
Kannur, Kerala, India |
| Occupation | Circus artist, circus historian, writer |
| Notable works | *An Album of Indian Big Tops: (History of Indian Circus)* |
| Notable awards | Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Overall Contributions |
| Spouse | Valsala |
| Children | 4 |


title: Library of Gray

abstract: The Library of Gray was founded in 1799 after the confiscation of the properties of the Catholic Church. The library first opened in an old convent before moving to a proper building adjoining the city hall in 1859. The library is divided into two sections. One section stores only documents that cannot be borrowed and the second contains documents that can be borrowed by the public.

text:
# Library of Gray

The **Library of Gray** was founded in 1799 after the confiscation of the properties of the Catholic Church. The library first opened in an old convent before moving to a proper building adjoining the city hall in 1859. The library is divided into two sections. One section stores only documents that cannot be borrowed and the second contains documents that can be borrowed by the public.

## History

The Library of Gray emerges after the French Revolution and the confiscation of the properties of the Catholic Church. From 1792 to 1798, the abbot Lempereur is asked to preserve the documents that comes from the nearby convents. The municipality of Gray requests the executive directorate in order to found and open a new library. The 30 March 1799, the library is founded and inaugurated in the old convent of the *cordeliers*. Since then, the library is open to the public. This library serves also as a kind of museum because in 1801, the curator enumerated 107 paintings, some of which are now in the Baron-Martin Museum.

### The Great Library

In 1859, the municipality of Gray wants to have a proper building for the library. This new building, adjoining the city hall, is conceived as a sumptuous place with its panelling and its gallery surrounding the hall. The building is achieved in one year. The library is inaugurated the 6 December 1859 and open to the public the 1 January 1860. Since this period the new library is called "the Great Library".

Since then, the library is divided in two parts. At the ground floor, there is the part with modern books that can be borrowed and upstairs, there is the part with old books that cannot be borrowed and can only be read at library.

Nowadays, the modern part contains 13.000 books when the old part contains 25.000 books.

## Collections

The old part contains 18 incunabula among which there is a book of Jean Buridan about Aristotle's Ethics (1489), *The Consolation of Philosophy* by Boethius (1480) and also the *Fasciculus temporum* by Werner Rolevinck (1495).

The library hosts also many pictures from amateur photographers living in the commune of Gray. Among them, there are Eugène Noir (1855-1904) and Louis Guichard (1866-1934) who were peculiarly active during the Belle-Époque. Books from famous Gray inhabitants are also hosted by the library, like Jean-Baptiste Romé de l'Isle (mineralogist considered as one of the creators of the modern crystallography), Augustin Cournot (mathematician, economist and philosopher) and Edmond Bour (mathematician and engineer).

### Partnership with Wikimédia France

In 2008, Wikimédia France made a partnership with the library of Gray in order to digitize an atlas from 1828 and some engravings of *George Anson's voyage around the world*.

## Exhibitions

Some exhibitions are organized in the library of Gray, especially for the event called *Patrimoines écrits en Bourgogne-Franche-Comté*.

### 2017

* *Habiter son territoire : espaces intimes, espaces publics* : An exhibition about the place of man in a territory, from documents of the library.

### 2018

* *Le travail c'est la santé* : An exhibition about the universe of work.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Library of Gray | |
| --- | --- |
| Bibliothèque municipale de Gray | |
| The old fonds of the library. | |
|  | |
| 47°26′45″N 5°35′33″E / 47.445827°N 5.592569°E / 47.445827; 5.592569 | |
| Location | Gray, France |
| Type | Public library |
| Established | March 30, 1799 (1799-03-30) (convent)
December 6, 1859 (1859-12-06) (actual building) |
| Collection | |
| Size | 25,000 books (old fonds)
13,000 books (borrowable books) |
| Other information | |
| Website | bibliotheque-gray.fr |


title: WTIF (AM)

abstract: WTIF is an AM radio station licensed to Tifton, Georgia, United States. The station is currently owned by Journey Church of Tifton, Inc. WTIF had been airing a classic country format. On July 6, 2022, WTIF ceased operations.

text:
# WTIF (AM)

**WTIF** (1340 kHz) is an AM radio station licensed to Tifton, Georgia, United States. The station is currently owned by Journey Church of Tifton, Inc.

WTIF had been airing a classic country format. On July 6, 2022, WTIF ceased operations.

## FM translator

WTIF was rebroadcast on F.M. translator station W260AT on 99.9 MHz.

Broadcast translator for WTIF
| Call sign | Frequency | City of license | FID | ERP () | HAAT | Class | Transmitter coordinates | FCC info |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| W260AT | 99.9 FM | Tifton, Georgia | 152360 | 250 | 108.5  (356 ft) | D | 31°30′34.7″N 83°31′12.6″W / 31.509639°N 83.520167°W / 31.509639; -83.520167 | LMS |

## InfoBox

WTIF
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Frequency | 1340 kHz |
| Programming | |
| Format | Silent |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Journey Church of Tifton, Inc. |
| Sister stations | WFFM, WTIF-FM |
| History | |
| First air date | 1957 |
| Call sign meaning | **TIF**ton, Georgia |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 67097 |
| Class | C |
| Power | 1,000 watts |
| Transmitter coordinates | 31°28′16.00″N 83°29′12.00″W / 31.4711111°N 83.4866667°W / 31.4711111; -83.4866667 |
| Translator(s) | 99.9 W260AT (Tifton) |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |


title: The Mundell Lowe Quartet

abstract: The Mundell Lowe Quartet is an album by American jazz guitarist Mundell Lowe that was released in 1955 by Riverside Records.

text:
# The Mundell Lowe Quartet

***The Mundell Lowe Quartet*** is an album by American jazz guitarist Mundell Lowe that was released in 1955 by Riverside Records.

## Reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| *AllMusic* |  |
| *The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings* |  |

At AllMusic, Scott Yanow gave the album four stars and said, "Most of this set is essentially straight ahead bebop with guitarist Mundell Lowe heard in top form".

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Will You Still Be Mine?" | Matt Dennis, Tom Adair | 5:31 |
| 2. | "I Guess I'll Have to Change My Plan" | Arthur Schwartz, Howard Dietz | 4:31 |
| 3. | "I'll Never Be the Same" | Gus Kahn, Matty Malneck, Frank Signorelli | 5:06 |
| 4. | "All of You" | Cole Porter | 3:36 |
| 5. | "Yes Sir, That's My Baby" | Gus Kahn, Walter Donaldson | 2:36 |
| 6. | "The Night We Called It a Day" | Matt Dennis, Tom Adair | 3:32 |
| 7. | "Bach Revisited" | Dick Garcia, Mundell Lowe | 2:57 |
| 8. | "Cheek to Cheek" | Irving Berlin | 4:49 |
| 9. | "Far from Vanilla" | Mundell Lowe | 3:29 |

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| The Mundell Lowe Quartet | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Mundell Lowe | |
| Released | 1955 |
| Recorded | August 27 and October 4, 1955 |
| Studio | Reeves Sound Studios, New York City |
| Genre | Jazz |
| Length | 36:07 |
| Label | Riverside |
| Producer | Orrin Keepnews |
| Mundell Lowe chronology | |
| *The Mundell Lowe Quintet*
(1954) ***The Mundell Lowe Quartet***
(1955) *Guitar Moods*
(1956) | |


title: North Market Street Historic District

abstract: North Market Street Historic District is a national historic district located at Washington, Beaufort County, North Carolina. It encompasses 313 contributing buildings, 1 contributing structure, and 3 contributing objects in a primarily residential section of Washington. Known as Nicholsonville, it was first platted in 1893, and enlarged in 1896 and in 1910. Stylistic influences include Late Victorian, Colonial Revival, Neoclassical, and Mission, and the American Craftsman / Bungalow-styles. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.

text:
# North Market Street Historic District

**North Market Street Historic District** is a national historic district located at Washington, Beaufort County, North Carolina. It encompasses 313 contributing buildings, 1 contributing structure, and 3 contributing objects in a primarily residential section of Washington. Known as Nicholsonville, it was first platted in 1893, and enlarged in 1896 and in 1910. Stylistic influences include Late Victorian, Colonial Revival, Neoclassical, and Mission, and the American Craftsman / Bungalow-styles.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| North Market Street Historic District | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| U.S. Historic district | |
|  | |
| North Market Street Historic District, September 2013 | |
|  | |
| Location | Roughly bounded by 15th, Nicholson & 6th Sts. & Summit Ave., Washington, North Carolina |
| Coordinates | 35°33′06″N 77°02′56″W / 35.55167°N 77.04889°W / 35.55167; -77.04889 |
| Area | 214 acres (87 ha) |
| Built | c. 1893 (1893) |
| Architectural style | Victorian, Colonial Revival, Neoclassical, Mission Revival, Craftsman / Bungalow |
| NRHP reference No. | 11000767 |
| Added to NRHP | October 25, 2011 |


title: 1897 Minor Counties Championship

abstract: The 1897 Minor Counties Championship was the third running of the Minor Counties Cricket Championship, and ran from 7 June to 28 August 1897. Having been unbeaten for the entire season, Worcestershire won their second consecutive outright title, having also shared the title in 1895. Staffordshire were level in the table with Worcestershire, but played an insufficient number of matches to be considered co-champions. Sixteen teams competed in the championship, with Cornwall, Dorset and Monmouthshire all competing for the first time, though none of them played the minimum of eight matches. The leading run-scorer, Arthur Croome of Berkshire, also had the highest individual score of the season, 158 against Hertfordshire. The leading wicket-taker for the second consecutive season, Buckinghamshire's George Nash, took three ten wicket match hauls, including 16/74 against Oxfordshire.

text:
# 1897 Minor Counties Championship

The **1897 Minor Counties Championship** was the third running of the Minor Counties Cricket Championship, and ran from 7 June to 28 August 1897. Having been unbeaten for the entire season, Worcestershire won their second consecutive outright title, having also shared the title in 1895. Staffordshire were level in the table with Worcestershire, but played an insufficient number of matches to be considered co-champions. Sixteen teams competed in the championship, with Cornwall, Dorset and Monmouthshire all competing for the first time, though none of them played the minimum of eight matches.

The leading run-scorer, Arthur Croome of Berkshire, also had the highest individual score of the season, 158 against Hertfordshire. The leading wicket-taker for the second consecutive season, Buckinghamshire's George Nash, took three ten wicket match hauls, including 16/74 against Oxfordshire.

## Table

* One point was awarded for a win, and one point was taken away for each loss. Final placings were decided by dividing the number of points earned by the number of completed matches (i.e. those that ended in a win or a loss), and multiplying by 100.

| Team | Pld |  |  |  | Pts | Fin | %Fin |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Worcestershire | 10 | 7 | 0 | 3 | 7 | 7 | **100.00** |
| Staffordshire | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | **100.00** |
| Glamorgan | 8 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 5 | **60.00** |
| Durham | 8 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 4 | **50.00** |
| Buckinghamshire | 8 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 7 | **42.86** |
| Wiltshire | 10 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 7 | **42.86** |
| Norfolk | 8 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 6 | **33.33** |
| Northumberland | 8 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 4 | **0.00** |
| Berkshire | 10 | 3 | 4 | 3 | —1 | 7 | **—14.29** |
| Northamptonshire | 8 | 1 | 2 | 5 | —1 | 3 | **—33.33** |
| Hertfordshire | 8 | 1 | 5 | 2 | —4 | 6 | **—66.67** |
| Oxfordshire | 6 | 1 | 5 | 0 | —4 | 6 | **—66.67** |
| Cambridgeshire | 6 | 0 | 5 | 1 | —5 | 5 | **—100.00** |
| Cornwall | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | —2 | 2 | **—100.00** |
| Dorset | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | —1 | 1 | **—100.00** |
| Monmouthshire | 4 | 0 | 3 | 1 | —3 | 3 | **—100.00** |
| Source: CricketArchive | | | | | | | |

Notes * denotes the Champion team(s).
* denotes a team that failed to play the minimum of eight matches. These teams are sometimes omitted from the table altogether.

## Averages

| Most runs  Aggregate Average Player County  431 25.35 Arthur Croome Berkshire  430 35.83 Richard Lowe Glamorgan  415 37.72 George Simpson Northumberland  411 34.25 Ted Arnold Worcestershire  396 24.75 Leopold Collins Berkshire  Source: | Most wickets  Aggregate Average Player County  62 14.62 George Nash Buckinghamshire  61 10.57 Ted Arnold Worcestershire  57 11.73 George Thompson Northamptonshire  55 11.18 Mat Wright Buckinghamshire  54 10.75 Albert Bird Worcestershire  Source: |
| --- | --- |

## InfoBox

1897 Minor Counties Championship
| Cricket format | 2 days |
| --- | --- |
| Tournament format(s) | League system |
| Champions | Worcestershire (2nd title) |
| Participants | 16 |
| Matches | 54 |
| Most runs | Arthur Croome  (431 for Berkshire) |
| Most wickets | George Nash  (62 for Buckinghamshire) |
|


title: Madame Chiang (horse)

abstract: Madame Chiang was a British Thoroughbred racehorse. She was a strong stayer who was especially well-suited by soft or heavy ground. After winning her only race as a juvenile in 2013 she won the Musidora Stakes on her three-year-old debut but ran poorly in the Epsom Oaks. he returned in autumn and recorded her biggest success in the British Champions Fillies & Mares Stakes. She failed to win or place in four races in 2015.

text:
# Madame Chiang (horse)

**Madame Chiang** (foaled 20 April 2011) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse. She was a strong stayer who was especially well-suited by soft or heavy ground. After winning her only race as a juvenile in 2013 she won the Musidora Stakes on her three-year-old debut but ran poorly in the Epsom Oaks. he returned in autumn and recorded her biggest success in the British Champions Fillies & Mares Stakes. She failed to win or place in four races in 2015.

## Background

Madame Chiang was a bay mare with no white markings bred by Kirsten Rausing at the Lanwades Stud at Newmarket, Suffolk. She was trained throughout her racing career by David Simcock in Newmarket.

She was one of the best horses sired Archipenko, a successful international campaigner who recorded his biggest win in Hong Kong's Queen Elizabeth II Cup. Madame Chiang's dam Robe Chinoise showed modest racing ability, winning two minor races from seventeen starts. She was a great-granddaughter of Special, the dam of Nureyev and grand-dam of Sadler's Wells.

## Racing career

### 2013: two-year-old season

Madame Chiang made her racecourse debut in a maiden race over one mile on soft ground at Yarmouth Racecourse in which she was ridden by Chris Catlin and started a 33/1 outsider in a ten-runner field. She started slowly and had to be "pushed along" but began to make rapid progress approaching the final furlong. She took the lead in the closing stages and drew clear of her rivals to win by four lengths.

### 2014: three-year-old season

On 14 May 2014 Madame Chiang made her first appearance of her second season in the Musidora Stakes (a major trial for the Oaks Stakes) over ten and a half furlongs on oft ground at York Racecourse in which she was ridden by Kieren Fallon. Starting at odds of 8/1 she started poorly but produced a strong finish, taking the lead in the last 50 yards and winning by one and a quarter length from Lily Rules. After the race Fallon said "She's a lovely, big filly and this is a great trial. When she hit the front, she idled which is why she didn't go away, but this was only her second start and she'll improve. She pricked her ears when she hit the front. When they do that you know they've got more left. She's a beautiful mover and she could go on any ground so long as it's not too firm. She's honest and she tries, and she's laid back which is a big help as well". The ground was somewhat firmer when Madam Chiang was stepped up in distance to contest the 236th running of the Oaks at Epsom Racecourse on 6 June. She never looked likely to win at any stage and came home tenth of the seventeen runners, fifteen lengths behind the winner Taghrooda.

After a break of three months Madame Chiang returned to the track in France when she contested the Group 1 Prix Vermeille over 2400 metres at Longchamp Racecourse and finished sixth of the nine runner behind the upset winner Baltic Baroness. On 18 October on heavy ground at Ascot Racecourse the filly was ridden by Jim Crowley and started at odds of 12/1 for the British Champions Fillies & Mares Stakes. The 2013 winner Seal of Approval started favourite while the other fancied runners included Chicquita, Silk Sari (Park Hill Stakes), Albaharah (Pride Stakes) and Cubanita (John Porter Stakes). She was restrained by Crowley towards the rear and last of the ten runners approaching the final turn, but began to weave her way through the field in the straight. She took the lead 100 yards from the finish and stayed on strongly to win by two lengths from Silk Sari with Chicquita (who had looked the likely winner before hanging badly to the left) three quarters of a length back in third. David Simcock said "Madam Chiang is all about patience. This was the fifth run of her career and we have tried to look after her. We took our chance in the Oaks, which wasn't the best move, but there is only one Oaks" while Crowley commented "I got a lovely run through and she was very game".

### 2015: four-year-old season

Madame Chiang remained in training as a four-year-old and was partnered by Crowley in all four of her races. She began her campaign by finishing fifth in the Middleton Stakes at York in May and then produced her best effort of the year when coming home fourth to Postponed in the King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes. The filly failed to reproduce her best form when dropped back in distance and running unplaced in the Prix Jean Romanet over 2000 metres at Deauville Racecourse in August. On her final racecourse appearance she attempted to repeat her 2014 success in the British Champions Fillies & Mares Stakes on 17 October but came home tenth of the twelve runners behind Simple Verse.

## Breeding record

Madame Chiang was retired from racing and returned to her birth place to become a broodmare at Lanwades. He first foal, a filly sired by Kingman was foaled in 2017.

## Pedigree

Pedigree of Madame Chiang (GB), bay mare, 2011
| Sire
Archipenko (USA)
2004 | Kingmambo (USA)
1990 | Mr Prospector | Raise A Native |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Gold Digger |
| | Miesque | Nureyev |
| | Pasadoble |
| | Bound (USA)
1984 | **Nijinsky** (CAN) | Northern Dancer |
| | | Flaming Page |
| | **Special** | Forli (ARG) |
| | Thong |
| Dam
Robe Chinoise (GB)
1999 | Robellino (USA)
1978 | Roberto | Hail to Reason |
| | | Bramalea |
| | Isobelline | Pronto (ARG) |
| | Isobella |
| | Kiliniski (GB)
1982 | Niniski (USA) | **Nijinsky** (CAN) |
| | | Virginia Hills |
| | Kilavea (USA) | Hawaii (SAF) |
| | **Special** (family: 5-h) |

* Madame Chiang was inbred 3 × 4 to both Nijinsky and Special, meaning that these horses appear in both the third and fourth generations of her pedigree.

## InfoBox

| Madame Chiang | |
| --- | --- |
| Sire | Archipenko |
| Grandsire | Kingmambo |
| Dam | Robe Chinoise |
| Damsire | Robellino |
| Sex | Mare |
| Foaled | 20 April 2011 |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Colour | Bay |
| Breeder | Kirsten Rausing |
| Owner | Kirsten Rausing |
| Trainer | David Simcock |
| Record | 9: 3-0-0 |
| Earnings | £460,875 |
| Major wins | |
| Musidora Stakes (2014)
British Champions Fillies & Mares S. (2014) | |


title: Odozana domina

abstract: Odozana domina is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Schaus in 1896. It is found in São Paulo, Brazil.

text:
# Odozana domina

***Odozana domina*** is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Schaus in 1896. It is found in São Paulo, Brazil.

## InfoBox

| *Odozana domina* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Erebidae |
| Subfamily: | Arctiinae |
| Genus: | *Odozana* |
| Species: | ***O. domina*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Odozana domina***<br>(Schaus, 1896) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Talara domina* Schaus, 1896 | |


title: National Council of Churches

abstract: The National Council of the Churches of Christ in the USA, usually identified as the National Council of Churches (NCC), is the largest ecumenical body in the United States. NCC is an ecumenical partnership of 38 Christian faith groups in the United States. Its member communions include mainline Protestant, Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, African-American, evangelical, and historic peace churches. Together, it encompasses more than 100,000 local congregations and 40 million adherents. It began as the Federal Council of Churches in 1908, and expanded through merger with several other ecumenical organizations to become the National Council of Churches in 1950. Its Interim President and General Secretary is Bishop Vashti Murphy McKenzie.

text:
# National Council of Churches

The **National Council of the Churches of Christ in the USA**, usually identified as the **National Council of Churches** (**NCC**), is the largest ecumenical body in the United States. NCC is an ecumenical partnership of 38 Christian faith groups in the United States. Its member communions include mainline Protestant, Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, African-American, evangelical, and historic peace churches. Together, it encompasses more than 100,000 local congregations and 40 million adherents. It began as the Federal Council of Churches in 1908, and expanded through merger with several other ecumenical organizations to become the National Council of Churches in 1950. Its Interim President and General Secretary is Bishop Vashti Murphy McKenzie.

## History

The first efforts at ecumenical organization emerged in May 1908 with the creation of the Federal Council of Churches (FCC). The FCC was created as a response to "industrial problems" that arose during the rapid industrialization of the United States. The primary concern was the protection of workers in a host of areas including wages, working conditions, child labor, and a six-day work week (reduced from seven).

During the next 40 plus years, FCC remained engaged in the domestic social problems of the day as well as international problems that threatened to draw the US into war. Its progressive social program along with support of conscientious objectors to World War II garnered stiff criticism from Christian fundamentalist circles. By 1950, numerous programs and efforts of social uplift had formed in addition to the FCC. Seeking greater unity, a dozen ecumenical bodies (including the FCC) gathered in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1950 to discuss how to more effectively organize their common work. Out of this meeting, via the merger of the Federal Council of Churches with several other ecumenical bodies, emerged the NCC.

During the late 1950s and early 1960s (it is unclear from the reference how long this continued), the National Council of Churches received some funding from the "Foundation for Youth and Student Affairs", a front funded by the CIA to oppose communism.

## Membership

The council's 38 member communions include mainline Protestant, Eastern Orthodox, African-American, evangelical, and historic peace churches. Individual adherents of more than 50 Christian faith groups actively participate in NCC study groups, commissions, and ministries. Some of these participants belong to Christian faith groups such as the Catholic Church, fundamentalist groups, Southern Baptists, and Missouri Synod Lutherans, which are not officially a part of the council's membership.

All NCC member organizations subscribe to the NCC's statement of faith, which forms the preamble to the NCC's charter:

> The National Council of Churches is a community of Christian communions, which, in response to the gospel as revealed in the Scriptures, confess Jesus Christ, the incarnate Word of God, as Savior and Lord. These communions covenant with one another to manifest ever more fully the unity of the Church. Relying upon the transforming power of the Holy Spirit, the communions come together as the Council in common mission, serving in all creation to the glory of God.

## Social and political advocacy

### The Social Creeds

Since its founding in 1950, one of the primary activities of NCC has been to effect positive change for the betterment of society. Adopted in December 1908, "The Social Creed of the Churches" was a statement by members of the Federal Council of Churches against what it described as "industrial problems". The document spelled out a list of principles, including:

* Equal rights and complete justice for all men in all stations of life
* Protection of the worker from dangerous machinery, occupational disease, injuries, and mortality
* Abolition of child labor
* Regulation of the conditions of toil for women as shall safeguard the physical and moral health of the community
* A living wage as a minimum in every industry
* Provision for the old age of the workers and for those incapacitated by injury
* Abatement of poverty

In 2007, the NCC updated its social creed to reflect a new era of globalization. The goal was to "offer a vision of a society that shares more and consumes less, seeks compassion over suspicion and equality over domination, and finds security in joined hands rather than massed arms." In addition to those areas mentioned in the 1908 creed, the "Social Creed for the 21st Century" included additional principles, including:

These creeds have formed the basis, growing out of a common Christian faith, of the work of the NCC in public policy matters.

### The NCC in Washington

For a number of years, the NCC maintained a separate policy advocacy office in Washington, D.C. Located in the United Methodist Building on Capitol Hill, the NCC Washington Office served as an ecumenical hub through which it could interact with the numerous denominational policy offices also located in the Methodist Building. Its work centered on areas mentioned in the creeds but also primarily focused around two programs, Eco-Justice and the Ecumenical Poverty Initiative. Both of these programs have been spun off into separate independent organizations since NCC restructuring in 2013.

NCC partners with dozens of other faith-based groups in DC and elsewhere, such as Bread for the World, Habitat for Humanity, and Children's Defense Fund, to press for broad policy initiatives that address poverty issues. The council helped launch the Let Justice Roll grassroots anti-poverty campaign that has been successful in raising the minimum wage in more than 20 states since 2005.

In 2018, the council issued a statement opposing the nomination of Brett Kavanaugh to the Supreme Court.

### Civil rights movement

NCC was closely aligned with leaders in the civil rights movement, including Martin Luther King Jr. and Andrew Young. The NCC was an important link to mainline churches for the civil rights movement and it consistently condemned segregation during the Montgomery bus boycott and other actions. In a speech to NCC in 1957, King thanked the NCC for its support: "This great body—the National Council of Churches—has condemned segregation over and over again, and has requested its constituent denominations to do likewise."

The NCC continued to be closely intertwined with the civil rights movement throughout the 1950s and 1960s. NCC created a Race Relations Sunday to educate and call to action mainline Christians nationwide. In 1961, Andrew Young left his position with the National Council of Churches to join the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, eventually becoming that organization's executive director. When the Civil Rights Act was introduced in 1964, NCC lobbied heavily for its swift adoption. In January 1963, the NCC together with the Synagogue Council of America and the National Catholic Welfare Conference, convened the *National Conference on Religion and Race,* which issued *An Appeal to the Conscience of the American People* for a moral end to racism. From 1966 until 1973 Olivia P. Stokes was associate director of urban education in the NCC's Department of Educational Development, developing the Black Curriculum Resource Center. W. Sterling Cary, the first Black president of the NCC who was elected in 1972, was a vocal advocate for racial justice and the Black Power movement.

### Vietnam War

Since its inception, the NCC had been skeptical of the usefulness of war. During World War II, the Federal Council of Churches formed a Committee on Conscientious Objectors to advocate for the right of people of faith to refuse military service. During the Vietnam War, the NCC found itself in opposition to growing US military action. In 1965, the General Board stated that "unilateral action by the United States in Southeast Asia will not lead to peace." The NCC's position against the Vietnam War became increasingly strident in the 1960s and 1970s, and in some cases, alienated the laity of some member communions.

### Middle East peace

NCC has been a consistent supporter of a negotiated solution to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. In partnership with the World Council of Churches, it has traditionally sought to balance its approach, seeking safety and protection for both the Jewish and Palestinian communities. It has focused on meeting needs of the victims of this conflict in all communities and supporting continued negotiations. Since the late 1960s the NCC has taken positions sympathetic towards Palestinian land rights and supportive of a secure Israel.

More recently, NCC has been particularly concerned with the plight of Christian communities in the region. Some of NCC's member communions have congregations or partners in the region that are being directly affected. However, the NCC's "witness to the need for vigilance in brokering peace extends to our concern for all people in the region, whether they be Christians, Jews, Muslims, Baháʼís or others, and whether they be Israelis, Palestinians, Syrians, Egyptians, or others."

### Poverty

The council has supported many poverty alleviation efforts, including increases to the minimum wage and ecumenical efforts such as the Circle of Protection and the Faithful Budget Campaign. In 2013, during restructuring, NCC spun off its department dealing with poverty issues into a new organization, the Ecumenical Poverty Initiative. NCC continues its work on poverty through its support of EPI as well as partnerships with other likeminded organizations.

### Environment

During the oil crisis of the 1970s, NCC issued a statement in which it called for "Ecological Justice". The statement called for more work on renewable energy, reductions in energy sources that pollute, and support for energy sources that did not have adverse effects on communities (health, economic, etc.). This statement helped form the basis for the creation of the NCC's Eco-Justice program. Housed in the NCC Washington Office, the program focused on federal environmental policy. In 2013, the Eco-Justice program was spun off into its own organization, Creation Justice Ministries. CJM continues to work with NCC and its 38 member communions to coordinate efforts to protect the environment.

### Mass incarceration

Over the past three years, NCC has taken a more active role in the struggle against mass incarceration. As early as 1979, NCC recognized the problem of a justice system based on retribution and the over-representation of communities of color in the prison population. More recently, NCC has worked for sentencing reform to reduce mandatory minimum sentences, advocated for clemency for individuals who were over sentenced, and prison conditions. In addition, NCC has also broadened this work to include police reform, especially in the wake of much publicized shootings in places such as Baton Rouge, Minneapolis, and Dallas.

## Publishing and research

The NCC fostered the multi-denominational research effort that produced the Revised Standard Version and the New Revised Standard Version of the Bible, and holds the copyrights to both translations.

The NCC sponsors the research program on which the *Uniform Sunday School Lesson Series* is based. The series began in 1872 under the auspices of the National Sunday School Convention.

The NCC also published until 2012 the annual *Yearbook of American and Canadian Churches*, since 1916 a widely used reference work on trends, statistics and programmatic information on religious organizations in North America. Future editions of the yearbook will be published by the Association of Statisticians of American Religious Bodies (ASARB).

## Theological and ecumenical dialogue

The NCC is a member of the interdenominational World Council of Churches and, through the WCC, is in communication with denominations of numerous theological stances. They have released several joint statements over the years. Rev. Dr. Angelique Walker Smith of the National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc., a member church of the NCC, is the WCC's president from North America.

The NCC Faith and Order Commission is an ongoing, scholarly, ecumenical dialogue among North American Christian theologians and ecclesiastical historians, including evangelical, Pentecostal, Roman Catholic, Orthodox, mainline Protestant, and African-American scholars. In 2007, the commission celebrated its fiftieth anniversary.

## Interfaith dialogue

Through the "Interreligious Relations Convening Table", the NCC is in dialogue with representatives of Islam, Judaism, Hinduism, Buddhism and Sikhism.

Since 2004, the NCC aided in forming the "National Muslim-Christian Dialogue" with the Islamic Circle of North America, and the United States Council of Muslim Organizations. In addition to theological discussions, the dialogue has focused on social issues including Islamophobia in the United States. Since 2010, there has been an annual dialogue between the participants. In 2015 the interfaith dialogue participants came to 16 theological points of agreement between Christianity and Islam.

The NCC is in dialogue with the National Council of Synagogues, a partnership of Reformed, Conservative, and the Reconstructionist groups in Judaism for the purpose of interfaith affairs. The main focus of discussion between the NCC and NCS is pastoral affairs and community issues such as antisemitism. Their most recent meeting was in December of 2023. Orthodox Judaism is presently not in dialogue with the NCC.

Concerning their dialogue with Hinduism, the NCC established the "National Hindu-Christian Dialogue" in 2018. Through this dialogue, they are in discussions with the Vedanta Society of Southern California which is under the spiritual leadership of the Ramakrishna Order.

They also established the "National Buddhist-Christian Dialogue" in 2018 for discussions with those of the Buddhist faith. In addition to the NCC, participants include the Guibord Center, Fo Guang Shan Hsi Lai Temple, Claremont School of Theology, and the University of the West. Presently the dialogue is focused on bilateral understanding of the two faiths.

The "National Sikh-Christian Dialogue" was started by the NCC in 2019 and is in communication with the Sikh Council of Interfaith Relations. Recent discussions include understanding the history of persecution which impacted both faiths.

## Facilities

The council was the original anchor tenant in the 19-story Interchurch Center built in 1952 adjacent to Columbia University, Union Theological Seminary, and the Riverside Church in New York City. It vacated these premises in 2013 when it consolidated its offices in the building long used by its public-policy staff at 110 Maryland Avenue, NE, on Capitol Hill in Washington, D.C.

## InfoBox

National Council of Churches
|
|  |
| Founded | November 28–December 1, 1950 |
| Headquarters | Washington, DC |
| Membership | 38 Denominations with approx. 40 million members |
| Website | nationalcouncilofchurches.us |


title: Spencer Proudfoot Shotter

abstract: Spencer Proudfoot Shotter was a Canadian businessman. A naval-stores magnate, he purchased Greenwich Plantation in Thunderbolt, Georgia, and renamed it Greenwich Place. The site is now occupied by Greenwich Cemetery.

text:
# Spencer Proudfoot Shotter

**Spencer Proudfoot Shotter** (1855 – December 5, 1920) was a Canadian businessman. A naval-stores magnate, he purchased Greenwich Plantation in Thunderbolt, Georgia, and renamed it Greenwich Place. The site is now occupied by Greenwich Cemetery.

## Early life

Shotter was born in Wellington County, Canada West, in 1855, to Spencer Lough Shotter and Mary Proudfoot. His father was a native of Kent, England. Shotter was a grandnephew of William Proudfoot, a Canadian politician.

## Career

He began his career around 1885 in Wilmington, North Carolina, but made his fortune after moving south to Savannah, Georgia, by processing the wood from Georgia's pine forests to make turpentine, used in shipbuilding. He established the American Naval Stores Company, which led to the creation of enough jobs to assist in Savannah's exit from the post-Civil War depression.

In 1909, Shotter lost his fortunes, and was jailed for three months, after becoming embroiled in an antitrust lawsuit. The United States Supreme Court decided in the defendants' favor on June 9, 1913, reversing an earlier judgment.

## Personal life

Shotter married Isabelle Eagle Davis, daughter of George Davis, in 1881. She died a year later, shortly after the birth of daughter Isabel, the couple's only child. He remarried, to Elizabeth Wallace Owens (whose grandfather, George Welshman Owens, owned Savannah's Owens–Thomas House), and had four more children: daughters Elizabeth (1886), Eleanor (1888) and Mary (1891), and son Spencer Owens (1892).

In 1898, two years after purchasing Greenwich Plantation, he built an opulent Beaux-Arts mansion, said in several publications to have rivaled the Vanderbilts' Biltmore Estate. It had double colonnades, twenty-eight columns on three sides, each measuring twenty-eight inches in diameter and more than twenty feet tall. It had extensive gardens containing expanses of lawn, boxwood hedges, imported plants, and decorative pools. He renamed the location Greenwich Place. The mansion stood until 1923, at which point it burned down.

Shotter also owned Shadow Brook in the Berkshires of Massachusetts between 1905 and 1912, but was still a resident of Savannah.

In 1917, he sold Greenwich Place to Doctor Henry Norton Torrey, a brain surgeon from Detroit.

Shotter was a member of the Chatham Hunt Club, alongside Mills B. Lane Sr, and of the Georgia Historical Society.

## Death

Shotter died in his sleep on December 5, 1920, aged 64 or 65. He had been visiting daughter Isabel in New York City, and was staying at the Hotel La Salle. After a funeral service at Savannah's Christ Church, he was interred in Bonavanture Cemetery. His second wife and two of their children, Elizabeth and Isabel, were also buried in Bonaventure upon their deaths in 1935, 1956, and 1966, respectively.

Shotter's mother, a native of Scotland, preceded him in death by six months. She lived to the age of 90, and was socially active until her death.

Shotter is mentioned in John Berendt's book *Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil* (1994). Berendt states Shotter is a forebear of Savannah district attorney Spencer Lawton, before describing Greenwich Place.

## InfoBox

| Spencer Proudfoot Shotter | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | 1855
Wellington County, Canada West |
| Died | December 5, 1920(1920-12-05) (aged 64–65) |
| Nationality | Canadian |
| Occupation | Businessman |
| Known for | Chairman of the American Naval Stores Company
Greenwich Plantation |


title: Licques

abstract: Licques is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France.

text:
# Licques

**Licques** (French pronunciation: \[lik\]) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France.

## Geography

A farming village located 24 km south of Calais in the valley of the Hem, at the junction of the D191 and D215 roads. It is a large producer of turkeys and other fowl.

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1968 | 1,307 |  |
| 1975 | 1,389 | +0.87% |
| 1982 | 1,387 | −0.02% |
| 1990 | 1,351 | −0.33% |
| 1999 | 1,440 | +0.71% |
| 2007 | 1,520 | +0.68% |
| 2012 | 1,585 | +0.84% |
| 2017 | 1,631 | +0.57% |
| Source: INSEE | | |

## Transport

The Chemin de fer de Boulogne à Bonningues (CF de BB) opened a station at Licques on 22 April 1900. Passenger services were withdrawn on 31 December 1935. They were reinstated in November 1942. The CF de BB closed in 1948.

## Places of interest

* The 18th-century château de Cahen.
* The ruins of the château of Courtebourne.
* Vestiges of the 11th-century Premonstratensian abbey, now the parish church.

## Notable person

Léon Bence (1929–1987), physician, was born in Licques

## Turkey festival

Licques holds an annual turkey festival, which features a parade of local notables in traditional robes and costumes herding turkeys through the town center, led by the Noble Dames and Knights of the Brotherhood of the Turkey. In the past, a local liqueur was served heated from a communal cauldron set up in the town square, but this has been replaced in recent years by turkey soup.

Cultural events are staged throughout the day, and a large farmer's market is set up, selling turkeys and other local produce.

### Sources

* Farebrother, Martin J B; Farebrother, Joan S (2008). *Tortillards of Artois*. Usk: The Oakwood Press. ISBN 978-0-85361-554-5.

## InfoBox

| Licques | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| The town hall of Licques | |
|  | |
| Location of Licques | |
| LicquesLicques | |
| Coordinates: 50°47′09″N 1°56′15″E / 50.7858°N 1.9375°E / 50.7858; 1.9375 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Hauts-de-France |
| Department | Pas-de-Calais |
| Arrondissement | Calais |
| Canton | Calais-2 |
| Intercommunality | CC Pays d'Opale |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Brigitte Havart |
| Area**1** | 18.36 km2 (7.09 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 1,636 |
| Density | 89/km2 (230/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 62506 /62850 |
| Elevation | 52–176 m (171–577 ft)
(avg. 87 m or 285 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: WXES

abstract: WXES is a daytimer Class D AM radio station in Chicago, Illinois. It is owned and operated by El Sembrador Ministries, as part of its ESNE Radio Spanish-language Catholic Radio network. It airs a mix of talk and teaching programs as well as Christian music. By day, WXES transmits 4,200 watts using a non-directional antenna. As 1110 AM is a clear channel frequency reserved for KFAB in Omaha and WBT in Charlotte, WXES must go off the air at sunset to protect those stations from interference. The transmitter is off North Palazzo Drive near West Moorland Avenue in Addison, Illinois.

text:
# WXES

**WXES** (1110 kHz) is a daytimer Class D AM radio station in Chicago, Illinois. It is owned and operated by El Sembrador Ministries, as part of its ESNE Radio Spanish-language Catholic Radio network. It airs a mix of talk and teaching programs as well as Christian music.

By day, WXES transmits 4,200 watts using a non-directional antenna. As 1110 AM is a clear channel frequency reserved for KFAB in Omaha and WBT in Charlotte, WXES must go off the air at sunset to protect those stations from interference. The transmitter is off North Palazzo Drive near West Moorland Avenue in Addison, Illinois.

## History

The station signed on the air on July 28, 1926. Its original call sign was WMBI, which stood for the Moody Bible Institute. The station originally broadcast at 1080 kHz, sharing time with WCBD. WMBI's frequency was changed to 1110 kHz in March 1941, as a result of the North American Regional Broadcasting Agreement (NARBA). For 95 years, the station was operated by Moody Bible, originally broadcasting English-language Christian radio programming.

In 1960, Moody Bible added an FM station at 90.1 MHz, WMBI-FM. At first, the two stations simulcast their programming, but over time the FM station developed its own programming. WMBI 1110 switched to a Spanish-language Christian format on February 6, 2012, making it the first full-time format of its kind on analog radio in Chicago. In 2019, Moody announced it intended to sell the station.

In 2021, El Sembrador Ministries acquired 1110 WMBI and a permit for an FM translator, W292GB at 106.3 FM. The price tag was $1.6 million. ESNE Radio already aired part-time on WNDZ in Portage, Indiana. The transaction was consummated on July 13, 2021. On July 19, the station's call sign was changed to WXES.

## InfoBox

WXES
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Frequency | 1110 kHz |
| Programming | |
| Language(s) | Spanish |
| Format | Catholic radio |
| Network | ESNE Radio |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | El Sembrador Ministries |
| History | |
| First air date | July 28, 1926 (1926-07-28) |
| Former call signs | WMBI (1926–2021) |
| Former frequencies | 1080 kHz (1928–1941) |
| Call sign meaning | "El Sembrador" (The Sower) |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 65972 |
| Class | D |
| Power | 4,200 watts days only |
| Transmitter coordinates | 41°55′41″N 88°0′25″W / 41.92806°N 88.00694°W / 41.92806; -88.00694 |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Website | esneradio.com/chicago-1110am/ |


title: The Mystery of the Secret Room

abstract: The Mystery of the Secret Room (1945) is the third in the Five Find-Outers series of children's mystery novels by Enid Blyton. Illustrated by Joseph Abbey, it was published by Methuen.

text:
# The Mystery of the Secret Room

***The Mystery of the Secret Room*** (1945) is the third in the *Five Find-Outers* series of children's mystery novels by Enid Blyton. Illustrated by Joseph Abbey, it was published by Methuen.

## Plot

Fatty is made the leader of the Five Find Outers, as he explains that he has been studying how to get out of a locked room when the key is not on his side, to write letters with invisible ink (or orange/lemon juice) and has been practising disguises.

The Five have fun with Fatty's new techniques, particularly disguises. Pip disguises himself with a wig and some sticking out teeth and attracts the attention of Mr Goon, who chases him across the village. In an attempt to escape Mr Goon, Pip runs into the grounds of an empty house and climbs a tree. He is very surprised to see a fully furnished room at the top of an otherwise empty and apparently abandoned house. The Find Outers get to work to discover who owns Milton House, and why there is an apparently secret room. Who uses it and why?

The children trace the owner of the house to the blandly named "John Henry Smith", who lives in a distant town. Fatty telephones Mr Smith and alerts him to the fact that someone knows about the secret room. Expecting the mysterious Mr Smith to come to Peterswood and check out what is happening at Milton House, Fatty disguises himself with his wig and teeth and goes to the house at midnight. He manages to get inside and discovers a notebook written in code in the secret room. However, he is captured by the men - who are foreigners - and forced to write a letter to the other children, to trap them inside the house. Fatty writes a note, but he writes another, secret note in invisible ink, warning the children and telling them to call the police. Luckily, Bets notices that Fatty's note smells of oranges - orange juice was used as the secret ink - and the others realise the danger Fatty is in, and telephone their favourite policeman, Inspector Jenks. Meanwhile, Fatty escapes from a locked room and manages to meet Inspector Jenks outside the house and hand him the code book. The police round up the villains - international thieves - and all is well.

## InfoBox

The Mystery of the Secret Room
| First edition cover | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Enid Blyton |
| Illustrator | Joseph Abbey |
| Language | English |
| Series | The Five Find-Outers |
| Genre | Children's novel |
| Publisher | Methuen |
| Publication date | 1945 |
| Publication place | United Kingdom |
| Preceded by | *The Mystery of the Disappearing Cat* |
| Followed by | *The Mystery of the Spiteful Letters* |


title: 1920 in Victorian soccer

abstract: The 1920 Victorian soccer season was the ninth competitive season of soccer in the Australian state of Victoria, under association with the governing body of Football Victoria. Only two conferences of the 'Victorian Division 1' were contested, which as of 2021 season is recognized as the NPL. The calendar season saw the ninth installment of the Dockerty Cup, but in the first time in its history the competition was abandoned shortly before the grand final, in which Albert Park was to verse Northumberland and Durham United.

text:
# 1920 in Victorian soccer

The **1920 Victorian soccer season** was the ninth competitive season of soccer in the Australian state of Victoria, under association with the governing body of Football Victoria. Only two conferences of the 'Victorian Division 1' were contested, which as of 2021 season is recognized as the NPL. The calendar season saw the ninth installment of the Dockerty Cup, but in the first time in its history the competition was abandoned shortly before the grand final, in which Albert Park was to verse Northumberland and Durham United.

## Overview

Following the 1919 season, Football Victoria and its clubs were still recovering from the effects of World War I. Division 1 grew from eight teams to twelve, with the return of Burns and St Kilda, along with the debuts of newly established clubs of Melbourne Welsh and Osborne House. As a result of twelve teams confirming their commitment for the season, the league was split into two conferences with a final series determining the champions. The series consisted of the premiers and runners up of the two conferences, with Northumberland and Durham United defeating St Kilda 2–0 in the grand final, being the first occasion in which a runner up team were to be crowned champions. This feat would be one of three first time occasions in the history of the league. The other two occasions consisted of the fact that a team finished undefeated but would not become premiers, with Osborne House playing less than half of the season, but won all four of its matches. The third first time occasion was Windsor becoming the first team to have a point deduction. Windsor would have been Conference B premiers but were penalized four points which resulted them in finishing third.

## Ladders

### Division 1A

Victorian Division 1A
| Season | 1920 (1920) |
| --- | --- |
| Premiers | St Kilda (1st title) |
| Matches played | 30 |
| Goals scored | 100 (3.33 per match) |
| 1919 1921 | |

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | St Kilda | 10 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 29 | 7 | +22 | 18 | 1920 Division 1A Premiers |
| 2 | Northumberland and Durham United | 10 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 25 | 8 | +17 | 14 | Qualified for the 1920 Division 1 Finals Series |
| 3 | Footscray Thistle | 10 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 19 | 10 | +9 | 13 |  |
| 4 | Albert Park | 10 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 17 | 17 | 0 | | 9 |
| 5 | Preston | 10 | 2 | 2 | 6 | 8 | 19 | 11 | | 6 |
| 6 | St David's | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 2 | 37 | 35 | 0 | Relegated to Division 2 |

Source:  *Records show that there is a goal difference error, in which two goals scored were not recorded to the appropriate team(s)*
Rules for classification: 1) points; 2) goal difference; 3) number of goals scored.

### Division 1B

Victorian Division 1B
| Season | 1920 (1920) |
| --- | --- |
| Premiers | Melbourne Thistle (3rd title) |
| Matches played | 24 |
| Goals scored | 80 (3.33 per match) |
| 1919 1921 | |

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Melbourne Thistle | 9 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 12 | 10 | +2 | 11 | 1919 Division 1 Premiers |
| 2 | Spotswood | 9 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 12 | 18 | 6 | 10 | Qualified for the 1920 Division 1 Finals Series |
| 3 | Windsor | 9 | 6 | 1 | 2 | 29 | 7 | +22 | 13 |  |
| 4 | Osborne House | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 2 | +11 | 8 | Disbanded at end of season |
| 5 | Burns | 8 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 7 | 21 | 14 | | 4 |
| 6 | Melbourne Welsh | 9 | 1 | 0 | 8 | 6 | 22 | 16 | 2 | Relegated to Division 2 |

Source:  *Records show that there is a goal difference error, in which one goal conceded was not recorded to the appropriate team*
Rules for classification: 1) points; 2) goal difference; 3) number of goals scored.

## InfoBox

Football Victoria
| Season | 1920 (1920) |
| --- | --- |
| 1919 1921 | |