title: Pauliasi Tabulutu

abstract: Pauliasi Tabulutu is a Fijian former dual-code international rugby footballer. He played as scrum-half.

text:
# Pauliasi Tabulutu

**Pauliasi Tabulutu** (born 15 July 1967) is a Fijian former dual-code international rugby footballer. He played as scrum-half.

## Career

### Rugby Union

His first cap for Fiji was during a match against Tonga at Nuku'alofa, on June 28, 1982. He was part of the 1987 and 1991 World Cup rosters. He last played for the Flying Fijians against Romania, at Brive-la-Gaillarde, on October 12, 1991. Tabulutu was also part of the 1990–1991 Hong Kong sevens team, coached by Kitione Tuibua, which won the Hong Kong Sevens title three years in a row. Prior to the 2005 Rugby World Cup Sevens in Hong Kong, he announced his resignation due to poor results at the World Sevens Series in Wellington and Los Angeles, being replaced by Wayne Pivac, who called up Serevi to the Fiji squad, which won the tournament.

In 2004, he replaced Sanivalati Laulau as coach of the Fiji national rugby sevens team, bringing back Waisale Serevi to the team.

### Rugby League

Along with the late Nemani Matirewa, Tabulutu was a pioneer in the Fijian rugby league scene after retiring from his rugby union career in 1992. His only international league cap was against Papua New Guinea on 19 June 1993, where Fiji was defeated by 24–35. Tabulutu also represented Fiji, coached by Culden Kamea, at the Nissan World Sevens in Sydney. He also coached the Fiji Bati in 1993–94.

## Personal life

Tabulutu is the uncle of former Fijian international rugby player Joeli Veitayaki.

## InfoBox

Pauliasi Tabulutu
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1967-07-15) 15 July 1967<br>Fiji |
| Height | 5 ft 10 in (1.78 m) |
| Weight | 187 lb (13 st 5 lb; 85 kg) |
| Playing information | |
| Rugby union | |
| Position | Scrum-half |
| Club  Years Team Pld T G FG P  1986–91 Nabua       Representative  Years Team Pld T G FG P  1986–91 Fiji 34    4 | |
| Rugby league | |
| Position | halfback, scrum-half |
| Coaching information | |
| Rugby union | |
| Representative  **Years** **Team** **Gms** **W** **D** **L** **W%**  200406 Fiji Sevens | |
| Rugby league | |
| Representative  **Years** **Team** **Gms** **W** **D** **L** **W%**  199394 Fiji 2 1 0 1 50 | |
| As of 19 March 2021 | |


title: Turbonilla davidrolani

abstract: Turbonilla davidrolani is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.

text:
# Turbonilla davidrolani

***Turbonilla davidrolani*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.

## InfoBox

| *Turbonilla davidrolani* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Family: | Pyramidellidae |
| Genus: | *Turbonilla* |
| Species: | ***T. davidrolani*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Turbonilla davidrolani***<br>Peñas & Rolán, 2010 | |
|


title: Pseudathyma uluguru

abstract: Pseudathyma uluguru is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Tanzania. The habitat consists of montane forests.

text:
# Pseudathyma uluguru

***Pseudathyma uluguru*** is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Tanzania. The habitat consists of montane forests.

## Subspecies

* *Pseudathyma uluguru uluguru* (Tanzania: Uluguru)
* *Pseudathyma uluguru abriana* Collins, 2002 (Tanzania)

## InfoBox

| *Pseudathyma uluguru* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Nymphalidae |
| Genus: | *Pseudathyma* |
| Species: | ***P. uluguru*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pseudathyma uluguru***<br>Kielland, 1985 | |
|


title: Manuel Blengio

abstract: Manuel Blengio is a Uruguayan rugby union player. He was named in Uruguay's squad for the 2015 Rugby World Cup.

text:
# Manuel Blengio

**Manuel Blengio** (born 28 April 1994) is a Uruguayan rugby union player. He was named in Uruguay's squad for the 2015 Rugby World Cup.

## InfoBox

Manuel Blengio
| Date of birth | (1994-04-28) 28 April 1994 |
| --- | --- |
| Height | 1.83 m (6 ft 0 in) |
| Weight | 84 kg (13 st 3 lb; 185 lb) |
| Rugby union career | |
| **Position(s)** Fly-half  International career  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  2015- Uruguay  17  (23)  Correct as of 16 March 2018 | |


title: Pyrenophora tritici-repentis

abstract: Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (teleomorph) and Drechslera tritici-repentis (anamorph) is a necrotrophic plant pathogen of fungal origin, phylum Ascomycota. The pathogen causes a disease originally named yellow spot but now commonly called tan spot, yellow leaf spot, yellow leaf blotch or helminthosporiosis. At least eight races of the pathogen are known to occur based on their virulence on a wheat differential set. The tan (yellow) spot fungus was first described by Nisikado in 1923 in Japan. and was later identified in Europe, Australia and the US, in the mid 1900s. The disease is one of the most important fungal disease on wheat and the fungal pathogen is found to infect in all parts of the world wherever wheat and other susceptible host crops are found. P. tritici-repentis overwinters on stubble, and due to recent heavily no-till/residue retention cultural practices, increased incidence and yield loss of up to 49% has been witnessed if ideal conditions occur. It forms characteristic, dark, oval-shaped spots of necrotic tissue surrounded by a yellow ring. It is responsible for losses that account for up to 30% of the crop, due to its effects reducing photosynthesis. Pathogenesis and toxicity in P. tritici-repentis is controlled by a single gene, transformations of this gene cause the pathogen to become benign when interacting with wheat. This has major implications for those in agriculture seeking to combat the effects of this fungus.

text:
# Pyrenophora tritici-repentis

***Pyrenophora tritici-repentis*** (teleomorph) and *Drechslera tritici-repentis* (anamorph) is a necrotrophic plant pathogen of fungal origin, phylum Ascomycota. The pathogen causes a disease originally named yellow spot but now commonly called tan spot, yellow leaf spot, yellow leaf blotch or helminthosporiosis. At least eight races of the pathogen are known to occur based on their virulence on a wheat differential set.

The tan (yellow) spot fungus was first described by Nisikado in 1923 in Japan. and was later identified in Europe, Australia and the US, in the mid 1900s. The disease is one of the most important fungal disease on wheat and the fungal pathogen is found to infect in all parts of the world wherever wheat and other susceptible host crops are found. *P. tritici-repentis* overwinters on stubble, and due to recent heavily no-till/residue retention cultural practices, increased incidence and yield loss of up to 49% has been witnessed if ideal conditions occur. It forms characteristic, dark, oval-shaped spots of necrotic tissue surrounded by a yellow ring. It is responsible for losses that account for up to 30% of the crop, due to its effects reducing photosynthesis. Pathogenesis and toxicity in *P. tritici-repentis* is controlled by a single gene, transformations of this gene cause the pathogen to become benign when interacting with wheat. This has major implications for those in agriculture seeking to combat the effects of this fungus.

## Hosts and symptoms

Tan spot is found primarily on wheat, but is also found to infect other cereals and grasses including triticale, barley, and rye, but are less frequently affected. Other grass species affected by the pathogen include Siberian wheat grass, sand bluestem, meadow brome, sheep fescue, June grass, little bluestem, green foxtail, needle and thread, and tall wheatgrass. While these are not necessarily agriculture crop hosts such as wheat, the pathogen is able to form and survive on many grass hosts, which can eventually venture into wheat fields. Other important grass susceptible hosts include smooth brome which can be found in pastures, as well as quack grass that is found in the environment and considered a weed in many agricultural crops. Lesions typically appear on both upper and lower leaf surfaces, and initially are tan to brown specks. Eventually, the tan to brown specks expand to larger irregular, oval, lens-shaped, ellipse, tan blotches with a yellow ring around them. The yellow ring is often referred to as a halo, yellow discoloration as chlorosis, and browning/death of leaf tissue as necrosis. The development of a dark brown to black spot in the center the lesion is characteristic of the disease. If warmer temperatures and moist conditions persist, spores known as conidia will move up plant as secondary inoculum and can also infect head/spikes. Symptoms on the head are indistinct, but can cause brownish glumes, and grains can have a reddish appearance similar to the pathogen *Fusarium*.

## Disease cycle

*P. tritici-repentis* survives and overwinters as pseudothecia on stubble from the previous year's infected crop. The pseudothecia contain ascospores (sexual spores). Such ascospores produced are large and typically dispersed by wind, but do not travel far due to their size. The ascospores land on leaf surfaces and begin to produce lesions by infection from appressorium and infection peg. The lesions initially formed by ascospores, known as condo, form atop of conidiophores, and can serve as primary inoculum to new plant/host via long distance wind dispersal. Condo can also serve as primary inoculum via rain splash to further more up primary host and re-infect. During and after maturation of the wheat crop, fungus can grow saprophytically as mycelium from the infected leaf blade, down the leaf sheath, and on to the stem where it will later form a pseudothecia. The disease develops over a wide temperature range, but is favored by warmer temperatures along with or followed by long rains, dew, or irrigation.

## Environment

The fungus requires 6-24+ hours of moisture to infect a leaf. This means that rain, significant dew or high canopy humidity are factors that can lead to infection. Optimal temperatures for symptom development range from 60–82 °F (16–28 °C).

## Control

Since this disease can cause considerable yield loss, effective control is very important. The most effective method of long term control is crop rotation. There is a considerable difference in the fungal population after one year of rotation. Examples of non-host crops include mustard, flax, and soybean. Some other control options include tillage. Foliar fungicides can also be used as control methods. Since the top two leaves contribute the most to yield, it is important to protect them. Some effective fungicides include, but are not limited to, Headline, Quilt, and Stratego. There are however, resistant varieties that make most methods of control unnecessary. There is research to suggest that plant height may also influence the amount of disease able to form due to the pathogen. It suggests that shorter plants will have a lowered chance of infection. This research has only been conducted in Canada however, and should lead to more research before being used as a control technique.

Out of all wheat pathogens, *Ptr* is among the best studied. Among all necrotrophic pathogen of this crop, *Ptr*'s and *Parastagonospora nodorum*'s effectors have become the best studied.

### Host resistance

Some resistance genes – especially against races 1 and 5, the most problematic in Kazakhstan – have been identified.

## Importance

This disease is considered to be a very important one. According to the University of Nebraska, losses of 50 percent have been documented. This negatively impacts the profitability a farmer can hope to achieve within one year. Tan spot is recognized as "one of the major constraints of wheat production. This is also a very significant disease in Canada, creating similar yield losses annually. Tan spot is important enough and causing large enough yield losses to continually prompt new research. *P. t-r.* has caused serious epidemics in Kazakhstan since the 1980s with nearly half the national harvest being lost when there is an epidemic.

## InfoBox

| *Pyrenophora tritici-repentis* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Dothideomycetes |
| Order: | Pleosporales |
| Family: | Pleosporaceae |
| Genus: | *Pyrenophora* |
| Species: | ***P. tritici-repentis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pyrenophora tritici-repentis***
(Died.) Drechsler, (1923) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Drechslera tritici-repentis*
*Drechslera tritici-vulgaris*
*Helminthosporium gramineum f.sp. tritici-repentis*
*Helminthosporium tritici-repentis*
*Helminthosporium tritici-vulgaris*
*Pleospora culmorum*
*Pleospora sarcocystis*
*Pleospora trichostoma*
*Pyrenophora tritici-vulgaris*
*Pyrenophora sarcocystis*
*Pyrenophora trichostoma*
*Pyrenophora tritici-vulgaris*
*Sphaeria culmorum*
*Sphaeria sarcocystis*
*Sphaeria trichostoma* | |


title: Weißbach, Thuringia

abstract: Weißbach is a municipality in the district Saale-Holzland, in Thuringia, Germany. The name of the location was vouched first about 1400, according to other sources in 1072. Meat production is dominating in local business.

text:
# Weißbach, Thuringia

**Weißbach** is a municipality in the district Saale-Holzland, in Thuringia, Germany. The name of the location was vouched first about 1400, according to other sources in 1072. Meat production is dominating in local business.

## InfoBox

| Weißbach | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Location of Weißbach within Saale-Holzland-Kreis district | |
| Weißbach Weißbach | |
| Coordinates: 50°48′46″N 11°47′20″E / 50.81278°N 11.78889°E / 50.81278; 11.78889 | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Thuringia |
| District | Saale-Holzland-Kreis |
| Municipal assoc. | Hügelland-Täler |
| Government | |
| Mayor (202228) | Walther Kahlert |
| Area | |
| Total | 5.31 km2 (2.05 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 240 m (790 ft) |
| Population (2022-12-31) | |
| Total | 127 |
| Density | 24/km2 (62/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal codes | 07646 |
| Dialling codes | 036426 |
| Vehicle registration | SHK, EIS, SRO |
| Website | www.huegelland-taeler.de |


title: Lula Warlick

abstract: Lula Gertrude Warlick was an American nurse, educator, and nursing administrator, based in Philadelphia for much of her career.

text:
# Lula Warlick

**Lula Gertrude Warlick** (December 12, 1884 – July 21, 1957) was an American nurse, educator, and nursing administrator, based in Philadelphia for much of her career.

## Early life and education

Lula Warlick was born in Lincolnton, North Carolina, the daughter of Eliza Ann Jackson. She trained as a teacher at Scotia Seminary, graduating in 1907. In 1910, she graduated from Lincoln Hospital School for Nurses in New York, with further studies in a summer program at the University of Iowa in 1925.

## Career

Warlick worked at Provident Hospital in Chicago from 1911 to 1917, and at Kansas City's Old General Hospital from 1917 to 1920. She also taught health and hygiene classes in Kansas City schools from 1924 to 1926, and trained Black women as nurses' aides during World War I.

Warlick became superintendent of nurses at Mercy Hospital in Philadelphia in 1920. She also taught in the hospital's school of nursing, and organized community outreach programs. She was active in the National Association of Colored Graduate Nurses; she spoke at the association's annual conference in 1931, and another paper by Warlick was read at conference in St. Louis in 1937. She attended the National Organization for Public Health Nursing conference in Chicago in 1942.

Warlick retired from nursing in 1943. She was honored in 1954, with a banquet in Philadelphia sponsored by the Chi Eta Phi nursing sorority.

## Publications

* "New Nurses' Home of Mercy Hospital and School for Nurses" (1930)

## Personal life

Warlick died in 1957, at the age of 72. in Philadelphia.

## InfoBox

| Lula Warlick | |
| --- | --- |
| Lula Warlick, from a 1927 publication | |
| Born | December 12, 1884
Lincolnton, North Carolina, U.S. |
| Died | July 21, 1957 (age 72)
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S. |
| Occupation(s) | Nurse, educator, nursing administrator |


title: Pseudatomoscelis

abstract: Pseudatomoscelis is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae. There are at least four described species in Pseudatomoscelis.

text:
# Pseudatomoscelis

***Pseudatomoscelis*** is a genus of plant bugs in the family Miridae. There are at least four described species in *Pseudatomoscelis*.

## Species

These four species belong to the genus *Pseudatomoscelis*:

## Further reading

* Kerzhner, I. M.; Josifov, M. (1999). Aukema, Berend; Rieger, Christian (eds.). *Catalogue of the Heteroptera of the Palaearctic Region, Vol. 3: Cimicimorpha II: Miridae*. The Netherlands Entomological Society. ISBN 978-90-71912-19-1.
* "On-line Systematic Catalog of Plant Bugs". American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 2019-07-02.
* Schuh, Randall T.; Weirauch, Christiane; Wheeler, Ward C. (2009). "Phylogenetic relationships within the Cimicomorpha (Hemiptera: Heteroptera): a total-evidence analysis". *Systematic Entomology*. **34** (1): 15–48. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.498.8756. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3113.2008.00436.x.

## InfoBox

| *Pseudatomoscelis* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Pseudatomoscelis seriatus* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hemiptera |
| Suborder: | Heteroptera |
| Family: | Miridae |
| Subfamily: | Phylinae |
| Tribe: | Phylini |
| Genus: | *Pseudatomoscelis*<br>Poppius, 1911 |
|


title: Tori Sullivan

abstract: Victoria Rose "Tori" Sullivan is an American former ice hockey forward who played with the Connecticut Whale of the now defunct Premier Hockey Federation (PHF).

text:
# Tori Sullivan

**Victoria Rose "Tori" Sullivan** (born August 4, 1996) is an American former ice hockey forward who played with the Connecticut Whale of the now defunct Premier Hockey Federation (PHF).

## Playing career

During high school, she played for the HoneyBaked Hockey Club in her home state of Michigan, winning three state championships.

In 2014, she began attending Boston College and playing college ice hockey with the Boston College Eagles women's team in the Hockey East conference of the NCAA Division I. She scored 28 points in 39 games in her rookie collegiate season, being named to the Hockey East All-Rookie Team. She missed all but two games during the 2016–17 season, however, being redshirted due to injury. In 2017, she transferred to Northeastern University, and would spend the last two years of her collegiate eligibility with the Northeastern Huskies, finishing her college career with 98 points in 154 games. Sullivan won the Hockey East championship with Northeastern in 2019.

After graduating, she signed her first professional contract with the Boston Pride of the NWHL; a one-year, $5000 contract, becoming the second player to sign with the Pride in the 2019 off-season. She scored 25 points in 24 games in her rookie season, good for thirteenth in the league. She also tied for first in the league in powerplay goals, and the Pride qualified for the Isobel Cup finals before the season was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. During the season, she was also noted for her social media work managing the team's TikTok account with teammate Christina Putigna.

She re-signed with the Pride for the 2020–21 NWHL season, with Pride general manager Karilyn Pilch stating that "if the NWHL had an award for Best Dangles, Tori would win unanimously."

She signed to the Connecticut Whale for the 2022-2023 season

## International career

Sullivan represented the United States at the 2014 IIHF World Women's U18 Championship in Hungary, notching one goal in five games as the country won silver.

## Personal life

Sullivan has a degree in behavioral neuroscience from Northeastern University. She previously attended Mercy High School in Farmington Hills, Michigan.

## Career stats

|  | | |  | Regular Season | | | | |  | Playoffs | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Season | Team | League | | GP |  |  | Pts | PIM | | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| 2014–15 | Boston College Eagles | NCAA | | 39 | 11 | 17 | 28 | 4 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2015–16 | Boston College Eagles | NCAA | | 40 | 9 | 17 | 26 | 29 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2016–17 | Boston College Eagles | NCAA | | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2017–18 | Northeastern Huskies | NCAA | | 37 | 10 | 13 | 23 | 12 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2018–19 | Northeastern Huskies | NCAA | | 36 | 6 | 14 | 20 | 29 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2019–20 | Boston Pride | NWHL | | 24 | 11 | 14 | 25 | 8 | | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2020–21 | Boston Pride | NWHL | | 7 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| NCAA totals | | | | 154 | 36 | 62 | 98 | 78 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| NWHL totals | | | | 31 | 11 | 16 | 27 | 8 | | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |

Sources:

## Honors

* Week of November 3, 2014 Pro Ambitions/WHEA Rookie of the Week
* 2014–15 Hockey East All-Rookie Team
* 2014–15 Boston College Athletic Director's Award for Academic Achievement
* 2014–15 Hockey East All-Academic Team
* 2015–16 Boston College Athletic Director's Award for Academic Achievement
* 2015–16 Hockey East All-Academic Team
* 2018–19 Hockey East All-Academic Team

Sources:

## InfoBox

| Tori Sullivan | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Tori Sullivan playing for the Boston Pride 10-13-2019 | | | |
| Born | (1996-08-04) August 4, 1996
West Bloomfield, Michigan, US | | |
| Position | Forward | | |
| Shoots | Right | | |
| PHF team
Former teams | *Connecticut Whale*
Northeastern Huskies
Boston College Eagles
Boston Pride | | |
| National team | United States | | |
| Playing career | 2014present | | |


title: Protosterol biota

abstract: The protosterol biota is a group of organisms found in fossilized fats that comprised aquatic protosterol-producing bacteria and ancient deep-branching stem-group eukaryotes from 1.6 to 0.8 billion years ago. These organisms were more complex than today's bacteria and they predate the last common ancestors of all modern eukaryotes. Perhaps they hunted their own species, since they were predators, as they fed on other bacteria. They were present in large numbers in the aquatic environments of the seas and seriously affected the Earth's ecosystem at the time. These microorganisms adapted to the much lower oxygen levels of the era and are also thought to have produced protosteroids. The experts from the Australian National University and the University of Bremen found fossils of fats that were formed 1.6 billion years ago. They found the fossils in the Barney Creek Formation in Northern Australia, near Borroloola, which was covered by seawater. In the findings, the researchers noticed chemical signals that suggested that the molecules may have come from an ancestor of the last common eukaryotic ancestor from which fungi, plants and animals all evolved. The research revealed that eukaryotes already existed on Earth 1.6 billion years ago.

text:
# Protosterol biota

The **protosterol biota** is a group of organisms found in fossilized fats that comprised aquatic protosterol-producing bacteria and ancient deep-branching stem-group eukaryotes from 1.6 to 0.8 billion years ago. These organisms were more complex than today's bacteria and they predate the last common ancestors of all modern eukaryotes. Perhaps they hunted their own species, since they were predators, as they fed on other bacteria. They were present in large numbers in the aquatic environments of the seas and seriously affected the Earth's ecosystem at the time. These microorganisms adapted to the much lower oxygen levels of the era and are also thought to have produced protosteroids.

The experts from the Australian National University and the University of Bremen found fossils of fats that were formed 1.6 billion years ago. They found the fossils in the Barney Creek Formation in Northern Australia, near Borroloola, which was covered by seawater. In the findings, the researchers noticed chemical signals that suggested that the molecules may have come from an ancestor of the last common eukaryotic ancestor from which fungi, plants and animals all evolved. The research revealed that eukaryotes already existed on Earth 1.6 billion years ago.


title: Pseudochondrostoma duriense

abstract:
The Northern straight-mouth nase is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae.
It is found in Portugal and Spain.
Its natural habitat is rivers.
It is threatened by habitat loss.

text:
# Pseudochondrostoma duriense

The **Northern straight-mouth nase** (*Pseudochondrostoma duriense*) is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Cyprinidae. It is found in Portugal and Spain. Its natural habitat is rivers. It is threatened by habitat loss.

## InfoBox

| *Pseudochondrostoma duriense* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Vulnerable  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Cypriniformes |
| Family: | Cyprinidae |
| Subfamily: | Leuciscinae |
| Genus: | *Pseudochondrostoma* |
| Species: | ***P. duriense*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pseudochondrostoma duriense***
(M. M. Coelho, 1985) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Chondrostoma duriense* Coelho, 1985 | |


title: The Incredible Shrinking Woman

abstract: The Incredible Shrinking Woman is a 1981 American science-fiction comedy film directed by Joel Schumacher, written by Jane Wagner, and starring Lily Tomlin, Charles Grodin, Ned Beatty, John Glover, and Elizabeth Wilson. A parody of the 1957 science-fiction film The Incredible Shrinking Man, it is credited as based on Richard Matheson's 1956 novel, The Shrinking Man. The original music score was composed by Suzanne Ciani.

text:
# The Incredible Shrinking Woman

***The Incredible Shrinking Woman*** is a 1981 American science-fiction comedy film directed by Joel Schumacher (in his cinematic directing debut), written by Jane Wagner, and starring Lily Tomlin, Charles Grodin, Ned Beatty, John Glover, and Elizabeth Wilson. A parody of the 1957 science-fiction film *The Incredible Shrinking Man*, it is credited as based on Richard Matheson's 1956 novel, *The Shrinking Man*. The original music score was composed by Suzanne Ciani.

## Plot

Pat Kramer of Tasty Meadows is an ordinary suburban housewife and mother of two children. Her husband Vance is an advertising executive. After exposure to an experimental perfume and other chemicals from her husband's company, she begins to shrink, gradually at first, then rapidly.

A few weeks pass and Pat has shrunk to the height of her children. Eventually, she becomes a celebrity of sorts, appearing on *The Mike Douglas Show*, and captures the hearts of the American people. Soon, she is less than a foot tall, forcing her to move into a dollhouse.

Pat is kidnapped by a group of mad scientists, who make it seem that she perished in the kitchen garbage disposal. They plan to shrink everyone in the world by performing experiments on her to learn her secret. With the help of a kind young lab custodian and a super-intelligent gorilla named Sydney, she escapes.

Speaking of her escape to a crowd of people, she continues to shrink, saying her goodbyes before becoming microscopic in size. Vanishing from sight, she is again presumed dead, but in fact she falls into a puddle of spilled household chemicals - which return her to her original size. After her homecoming celebrating her returning to a normal size she notices that her wedding ring is now too tight while her foot is splitting her shoe open, suggesting she might *still* be growing.

## Cast

## Production notes

Lily Tomlin plays four characters in this film: lead character Pat Kramer; her neighbor Judith Beasley (a character derived from Tomlin's live shows); Tomlin's *Laugh-In* characters Ernestine (a telephone operator); and Edith Ann, (a little girl - seen only in the TV version of the film).

The film reunited Lily Tomlin with fellow *Laugh-In* cast member Henry Gibson.

Lily Tomlin and Elizabeth Wilson previously appeared together in *9 to 5* as Violet Newstead and Roz Keith, respectively.

Rick Baker, who plays Sydney the Gorilla in the film, was the first recipient of the Oscar for Best Make-Up for *An American Werewolf in London* when the category was first introduced in 1981. Baker's career, especially his early fascination with gorillas and his work in three movies featuring them, is told in the TV documentary *Gorillas: Primal Contact.*

Actor Dick Wilson plays a fussy supermarket manager - much like his famous Charmin tissue TV commercial character: Mr. Whipple.

The film's writer, Jane Wagner, is Tomlin's wife and frequent collaborator.

The film started principal photography in February 1979 with John Landis directing, but was suspended after a few days, with the reason stated as budget issues. Production resumed August 13, 1979, with Joel Schumacher replacing Landis.

According to Landis, on an episode of Shock Waves Podcast, he wanted a trailer in theaters "one year before *Shrinking Woman* comes out" featuring Alfred Hitchcock in silhouette. The trailer would have Hitchcock speaking to the camera: "Good evening, work is underway here at Universal Studios in Hollywood on potentially the most important motion picture of all time - *The Incredible Shrinking Woman* starring Lily Tomlin." At this point, Hitchcock would uncup his hands from his desk, and a miniature-sized Tomlin would appear underneath.

Actress Julie Brown has noted that Tomlin, after seeing Brown perform live, gave her her first film role by casting her in this film, thus qualifying her to receive a Screen Actors Guild membership. Her role was ultimately reduced to several seconds of non-speaking screen time.

## Reception

The film opened to predominantly negative reviews from critics. On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 27% based on 11 reviews, with an average rating of 4.2/10.

Upon release, *The New York Times*' Vincent Canby called the film: "an amiably funny variation on Jack Arnold's classic 1957 science-fiction film, *The Incredible Shrinking Man,* which had been based on Richard Matheson's novel *The Shrinking Man,*" and went on to write that the film was "a low-key comedy that rambles from one comic idea to the next with the slightly uneasy manner of a nightclub comedian doing a new improvisation. It succeeds in bits and pieces that are separated by long patches that are more remarkable for their good will than for their wit." Regarding Jane Wagner's screenplay, he wrote: "Miss Wagner has a great talent for the kind of monologues, sketches and oddball characters that made Miss Tomlin's *Appearing Nitely* so memorable on Broadway, but not for creating a sustained comic narrative."

The *Chicago Sun-Times*' Roger Ebert was more enthusiastic, calling it: "a terrific movie for kids and teenagers. It's a melancholy fact of the times we live in that any movie of even moderate ambition is supposed to become a blockbuster - and that 'family movies', with few exceptions, are inane, innocent, and boring. But The *Incredible Shrinking Woman* is not inane, is sometimes wickedly knowing, and is only periodically boring." Ebert observed that the movie was: "also funny in its visual approach, showing us a suburban world in which everything is done in hideously jolly colors and everybody, even the TV anchorman, wears peach blazers. America in this movie looks like a gigantic paint-color chart," but ultimately remarked that while the movie succeeds on several levels, it does so: "without ever breaking through to become a really inspired comedy."

## Home media

*The Incredible Shrinking Woman* was released in pan-and-scan on VHS by Universal on July 13, 1994. On November 4, 2009, an unmastered low-quality DVD release (manufactured on demand using DVD-R recordable media) in 16:9 anamorphic widescreen was offered under the Universal *Vault Series* banner.

It was later released by Shout! Factory as a "Collector's Edition" Blu-ray on November 14, 2017, with an updated transfer, and includes interviews and a deleted scene with Edith Ann, a character also played by Tomlin.

## InfoBox

| The Incredible Shrinking Woman | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | Joel Schumacher |
| Written by | Jane Wagner |
| Based on | *The Shrinking Man*<br>by Richard Matheson |
| Produced by | Hank Moonjean |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Bruce Logan |
| Edited by | Jeff Gourson |
| Music by | Suzanne Ciani |
| Distributed by | Universal Pictures |
| Release date | * January 30, 1981 (1981-01-30) |
| Running time | 88 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
| Budget | $10 million |
| Box office | $20.3 million |


title: Pseudochondrostoma willkommii

abstract: Pseudochondrostoma willkommii is a species of cyprinid fish, which is found in Portugal and Spain. Its natural habitats are rivers and water storage areas, and it is threatened by habitat loss.

text:
# Pseudochondrostoma willkommii

***Pseudochondrostoma willkommii*** is a species of cyprinid fish, which is found in Portugal and Spain. Its natural habitats are rivers and water storage areas, and it is threatened by habitat loss.

## InfoBox

| *Pseudochondrostoma willkommii* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Vulnerable  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Cypriniformes |
| Family: | Cyprinidae |
| Subfamily: | Leuciscinae |
| Genus: | *Pseudochondrostoma* |
| Species: | ***P. willkommii*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pseudochondrostoma willkommii***
(Steindachner, 1866) | |
|
|  | |
| Distribution of *P. willkommii* | |
| Synonyms | |
| * *Pseudochondrostoma willkommii* (Steindachner 1866) * *Chondrostoma willkommii* Steindacher 1866 * *Chondrostoma willcommi* Steindacher 1866 (misspelling that should not be used) * *Chondrostoma polylepis willkommii* Steindacher 1866 | |


title: Shadows at the Crossroads

abstract: Shadows at the Crossroads is a collection of seven sculptures created by Twin-Cities based artists, Ta-Coumba T.Aiken, and Seitu Jones, as commissioned for the Minneapolis Sculpture Garden. On display since 2019, the works depict historically prominent and influential Minnesotan figures. The collection is a revival and continuation of a previous collaboration by the respective artists, titled "Shadows of Spirit," which was commissioned for the Nicollet Mall situated in downtown Minneapolis in 1992. It was funded by the T.B. Walker Fund, 2019. Thomas Barlow Walker founded the Walker Arts Center in 1927, which, in partnership with the Minneapolis Park and Recreation Board, manages the Minneapolis Sculpture Garden where the collection is housed.

text:
# Shadows at the Crossroads

***Shadows at the Crossroads*** is a collection of seven sculptures created by Twin-Cities based artists, Ta-Coumba T.Aiken, and Seitu Jones, as commissioned for the Minneapolis Sculpture Garden. On display since 2019, the works depict historically prominent and influential Minnesotan figures. The collection is a revival and continuation of a previous collaboration by the respective artists, titled "*Shadows of Spirit*," which was commissioned for the Nicollet Mall situated in downtown Minneapolis in 1992. It was funded by the T.B. Walker Fund, 2019. Thomas Barlow Walker founded the Walker Arts Center in 1927, which, in partnership with the Minneapolis Park and Recreation Board, manages the Minneapolis Sculpture Garden where the collection is housed.

## Subjects and medium

### Medium and processes

The silhouettes are modelled and cast from tracings of Minneapolis residents taken at different times of the day to diversify the depth and cast of the shadows. The majority of the sculptures feature poems by Rosemary Soyini Vinelle Guyton that relate to the figures represented. There are two exceptions: these being the shadows honouring the late Kirk Washington Jr, which instead features an extract from his contribution to "One Minneapolis: a City in Verse," and Siah Armajani, which has been left blank at his request. Four of the shadows were cast in molten bronze using foam board moulds. This was executed in collaboration with the Anurag Art Foundry in Stillwater, Minnesota. The moulds were surfaced with millet to create a textured overlay, increasing the surface grit of the collection for the comfort of visitors. The sculptures dedicated to The Walker Art Center Teen Arts Council and Siah Aramajani are instead carved into the concrete ground directly. Finally, Kirk Washington Jr's dedicated sculpture is crafted from a water-resistant material, meaning it is visible only when the surrounding concrete is saturated. This distinct material choice has been said to pay direct tribute to his artistic exploration and representation of race and marginalisation.

### Subjects featured

## Citations

1. "Ta-Coumba T. Aiken and Seitu Jones Commissioned to Create Work for Walker Art Center Sculpture Garden". *www.artforum.com*. Retrieved 2021-04-08.
2. "Shadows at the Crossroads". *walkerart.org*. Retrieved 2021-04-08.
3. "Minneapolis Sculpture Garden". *Minneapolis Park & Recreation Board*. Retrieved 2021-04-08.
4. "Shadowy exhibits added to Minneapolis Sculpture Garden". *MPR News*. Retrieved 2021-04-08.
5. "Human Scale: The Making of Shadows at the Crossroads". *walkerart.org*. Retrieved 2021-04-08.
6. Caruth, Nicole J (Nov 4, 2019). "In the Shadows of Our Ancestors".
7. "Walker Art Center Commissions New Work by Seitu Jones and Ta-coumba T. Aiken for the Minneapolis Sculpture Garden". *walkerart.org*. Retrieved 2021-04-08.


title: Pseudopostega fungina

abstract: Pseudopostega fungina is a species of moth of the family Opostegidae. It was described by Puplesis and Robinson in 1999. It is known only from Bihar in India.

text:
# Pseudopostega fungina

***Pseudopostega fungina*** is a species of moth of the family Opostegidae. It was described by Puplesis and Robinson in 1999. It is known only from Bihar in India.

## InfoBox

| *Pseudopostega fungina* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Opostegidae |
| Genus: | *Pseudopostega* |
| Species: | ***P. fungina*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pseudopostega fungina***<br>Puplesis & Robinson, 1999 | |
|


title: Pseudopostega frigida

abstract: Pseudopostega frigida is a moth of the family Opostegidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1906. It is known from Sri Lanka. Adults have been recorded in February.

text:
# Pseudopostega frigida

***Pseudopostega frigida*** is a moth of the family Opostegidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1906. It is known from Sri Lanka.

Adults have been recorded in February.

## InfoBox

| *Pseudopostega frigida* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Opostegidae |
| Genus: | *Pseudopostega* |
| Species: | ***P. frigida*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pseudopostega frigida***<br>Meyrick, 1906 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Opostega frigida* Meyrick, 1906 | |


title: Legions of Death

abstract: Legions of Death is a one or two-player strategy video game published for the Commodore 64, Amstrad CPC and ZX Spectrum personal computers. It requires players to control the navies of ancient Rome and Carthage during the Punic Wars, in order to conquer the Mediterranean Sea.

text:
# Legions of Death

***Legions of Death*** is a one or two-player strategy video game published for the Commodore 64, Amstrad CPC and ZX Spectrum personal computers. It requires players to control the navies of ancient Rome and Carthage during the Punic Wars, in order to conquer the Mediterranean Sea.

## Gameplay

*Legions of Death* is a one or two-player strategy game set during the Punic Wars between ancient Rome and Carthage. In single-player mode the player controls the fleet of Carthage, while in two-player mode one player controls the Roman navy while the other controls the Carthaginian fleet. Each player must try to destroy their opponent's fleet and gain control of the Mediterranean.

At the start of play each player receives a number of points to construct their navy using a combination of faster biremes and triremes, along with various heavier combat ships, up to Heptares class. Additional points may be spent to upgrade individual ships, such as adding marine detachments, archer platforms, and boarding hooks. Lighter ships can be used to collect funds from outlying ports and transport it back to the player's home port, while heavier ships are needed to counter the other player's attacking fleet, as they can more effectively ram and sink enemy vessels.

Gameplay is turn-based, with movement resolved simultaneously, and plays out on a square grid. Ships may accelerate or decelerate each turn by one speed point, up to a speed limit which depends on the class of ship. Ships may turn up to 45 degrees maximum per unit of movement (so no right-angle turns). This movement system adds a unique tactical element in which the player must carefully plan out routes and speeds several turns ahead in order to intercept enemy ships, and bring ships into harbours without crashing.

## Development

## Reception

*Legions of Death* received generally positive reviews.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Developer(s) | MC Lothlorien |
| Publisher(s) | Argus Press Software |
| Platform(s) | Amstrad CPC, Commodore 64, ZX Spectrum |
| Release | 1986 |
| Genre(s) | Strategy |


title: Pseudischnocampa humosa

abstract: Pseudischnocampa humosa is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Paul Dognin in 1893. It is found in Ecuador.

text:
# Pseudischnocampa humosa

***Pseudischnocampa humosa*** is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Paul Dognin in 1893. It is found in Ecuador.

## InfoBox

| *Pseudischnocampa humosa* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Erebidae |
| Subfamily: | Arctiinae |
| Genus: | *Pseudischnocampa* |
| Species: | ***P. humosa*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pseudischnocampa humosa***<br>(Dognin, 1893) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Halysidota humosa* (Dognin, 1893) * *Lophocampa humosa* Dognin, 1893 | |


title: Pseudoceto

abstract: Pseudoceto is a monotypic genus of South American long-legged sac spiders containing the single species, Pseudoceto pickeli. It was first described by Cândido Firmino de Mello-Leitão in 1929, and has only been found in Brazil. Originally placed with the Corinnidae, it was moved to the Miturgidae in 2014.

text:
# Pseudoceto

***Pseudoceto*** is a monotypic genus of South American long-legged sac spiders containing the single species, ***Pseudoceto pickeli***. It was first described by Cândido Firmino de Mello-Leitão in 1929, and has only been found in Brazil. Originally placed with the Corinnidae, it was moved to the Miturgidae in 2014.

## InfoBox

| *Pseudoceto* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Miturgidae |
| Genus: | *Pseudoceto*
Mello-Leitão, 1929 |
| Species: | ***P. pickeli*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pseudoceto pickeli***
Mello-Leitão, 1929 | |
|


title: Pterophylla ouaiemensis

abstract: Pterophylla ouaiemensis, formerly known as Weinmannia ouaiemensis, is a species of plant in the family Cunoniaceae. It is endemic to New Caledonia.

text:
# Pterophylla ouaiemensis

***Pterophylla ouaiemensis***, formerly known as *Weinmannia ouaiemensis*, is a species of plant in the family Cunoniaceae. It is endemic to New Caledonia.

## InfoBox

| *Pterophylla ouaiemensis* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Critically Endangered  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Oxalidales |
| Family: | Cunoniaceae |
| Genus: | *Pterophylla* |
| Species: | ***P. ouaiemensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pterophylla ouaiemensis***
(Guillaumin & Virot) Pillon & H.C.Hopkins | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Cunonia ouaiemensis* Guillaumin & Virot * *Weinmannia ouaiemensis* (Guillaumin & Virot) Hoogland | |


title: Psyche 59

abstract: Psyche 59 is a 1964 British drama film directed by Alexander Singer and starring Patricia Neal, Curd Jürgens, Samantha Eggar, Ian Bannen, Beatrix Lehmann and Elspeth March. It was written by Julian Halevy based on the 1963 novel Psyche '59 by Françoise des Ligneris. The film was released on 29 April 1964 by Columbia Pictures.

text:
# Psyche 59

***Psyche 59*** is a 1964 British drama film directed by Alexander Singer and starring Patricia Neal, Curd Jürgens, Samantha Eggar, Ian Bannen, Beatrix Lehmann and Elspeth March. It was written by Julian Halevy based on the 1963 novel *Psyche '59* by Françoise des Ligneris. The film was released on 29 April 1964 by Columbia Pictures.

## Plot

Alison is apparently happy as a wife and the mother of two daughters despite her blindness, caused by a fall during pregnancy. She is helped by her devoted husband, Eric, a London businessman, an elderly French maid, and Paul, a close family friend.

Then Alison's younger sister, Robin, returns. Robin takes Alison shopping and suggests she see a specialist about her eyes. Alison says it is not her eyes that are faulty but her brain. A doctor has told her that her mind has seen something it did not like and now refuses to see at all.

In the family's town house Robin is very flirty and appears to mean to seduce or somehow punish Eric. She even jokes about this in front of Alison and Eric. Eric is furious and grabs her by the hair at the back of her head. But Robin stabs him with sewing scissors. Alison cannot see this but knows the mood has changed and asks what Robin is wearing. When her sister does not answer she touches her knee and feels the skimpy nightdress and leaves the room.

Later, Alison tells Robin she sometimes thinks she may recall the event that caused her sight loss. She woke in the night, knowing she was about to give birth to her second child. Her husband was not with her. She left the bedroom and heard Robin crying. After this, she had a fall, but cannot remember anything else till waking in hospital.

Alison and Robin go to the family's country house to supervise repairs that their mother has cancelled. The mother reveals that as children Alison used to take the things Robin held dear. She tells Alison to remember who introduced her to Eric. Alison retorts that it was "just an adolescent crush", implying that Robin had liked Eric first.

In town, Eric has dinner with Paul at a restaurant, and Paul says he likes Robin. He then implies Eric has had an affair with a Spanish woman. This is dismissed by Eric: "That's over. Anyway, she was Peruvian...don't talk about women as if they were wine. It is a sign of youth." They agree to drive to the country to surprise Alison and Robin. On the drive down Eric suggests Paul might win Robin over by beating her and using a belt on her. "Then when she has had enough, make love to her." Paul guesses that Eric has been Robin's lover in the past. Eric says she was 17 and living with them on holidays from boarding school. Paul says she must have seen Eric as a father figure as she never knew her own father. Eric says he saw her grow up and creepily adds that he saw the "apples filling out". Paul says he then "plucked the fruits". Paul seems worried and says "what really happened?" Eric says "ask her."

On a beach we find out that Robin has been married and has left her husband in the U.S. Her mother thinks she now has gigolos, and we see her flirting with two young men on the beach. Alison defends her by saying they are just young men with little money.

In another scene, Alison asks Robin if she was in love with Eric and Robin says unexpectedly "I hated him." She explains this as the fact that Eric was taking her sister away from her by marrying her. Alison says Robin had everything as a child and was ravishing as a girl; Robin asks her "you never knew how your ravishing sister was ravished on your wedding night, did you?" This was a middle-aged man she met on the beach. She says she cried and wanted to tell Alison all about it but couldn't.

The two men arrive at the country house. Robin causes a scene stealing black currants with the children. Eric is cross with her, but Alison defends her saying she has been troubled. Later, Paul and Robin share a picnic and kiss. He asks why she won't marry him, and she says he does not love her. She describes intense desire, and Paul asks if that is how she wants Eric. Robin does not answer but says she worshiped him and he "took pity on me and gave me a crumb". But clearly she is messed up by this, so it was not, as she puts it (sarcastically?) "kind".

Paul finds Alison smoking in the garden that night. He asks her advice on his relationship with Robin, and Alison suggests he cuts himself free, or love can be "like committing suicide".

Next day in the kitchen, Alison is chopping vegetables. Robin thinks Eric and Paul should not be out together. She says Eric thinks all women are "bitches or objects of pity - like you". Alison cuts her finger and sucks it. Robin adds "he likes you blind. It's the only way you can hold him." Alison grapples with Robin, who then flees.

Eric comes in and offers to take Alison away, but Alison says she won't run away. Robin has taken a horse and is trying to leave, but the household surrounds her. The horse clips Alison, who falls, but from the grass, she tells a concerned Eric that she is alright. The horse then runs into bushes and Robin falls off. She appears unconscious, and Eric carries her into the house.

Eric lays Robin on a bed, and Robin comes round. He has his hands on her shoulders and her neck. She starts to cry. Alison comes into the house downstairs, rubbing her eyes. She hears crying like she heard years ago. She sees her memory: her sister and Eric in bed and Eric telling her to go to America while Robin begs not to be sent away. Their upper bodies are clearly naked. In the present, Alison is still wearing her dark glasses but can see her hands. She goes to the door of the bedroom and sees a blurred shape of Eric, who sat on the bed above her sister.

The mother comes upstairs and tells Alison to lie down, but Alison says "leave me alone". In the bedroom, Eric embraces Robin's body, and Robin kisses the palm of his hand. Then she comes to her senses and pushes him away saying she won't be second best. She suggests he leave Alison and the children but clearly doubts that he will. Alison overhears and goes to her own bedroom. Eric is furious with Robin's challenge to him and starts to strangle her. He releases her, and she laughs at him and then turns away and cries as he runs out of the room.

Alison can see her children in the garden and is crying. After a possible attempt to seduce Eric that evening, she gets into bed sadly. The next day, she is arranging phenobarbitone tablets on the table to form a letter 'A'. The others play tennis outside. A taxi arrives to take the children to see their cousins. Alison says goodbye. Her mother suspects something, and won't let Alison return upstairs, saying lunch is nearly ready. She reads a sci-fi book out loud while Alison knits. Eventually, Alison says she's had enough and goes to her room.

Everyone meets for lunch, including Alison, but Robin is late. She arrives with a bunch of roses which she places on Alison's lap, then says "happy anniversary." Paul expresses surprise, and Robin says Eric didn't let him know because Eric has forgotten the anniversary. She then sits on Paul's knee and says they are getting married. Everyone is tense. Robin walks over to Eric and says "aren't you going to kiss the bride?" He seizes her around the waist and buries his head in her stomach. He is crying. Paul walks out. Robin looks over her shoulder toward her sister, and both she and Eric see that Alison can see them. Her face is full of shock and distress.

Alison walks into the garden after Paul, and then smiles at the sky and the sunlight.

## Cast

## Critical reception

*The Monthly Film Bulletin* wrote: "'The Screen Prowls The Lonely Place Where Lust Hides!' proclaims the poster, raising hopes which the first half of the film conspicuously fails to fulfil. It is glossy, smooth and dull, but elegantly designed, with lots of Frinkish sculpture and similar signs of affluence. The dialogue, too, is modishly sprinkled with French and German to show how cosmopolitan it all is, and with psychological chit-chat to make sure that everyone gets the point about Allison's psychosomatic blindness. All this is presumably intended to establish the characters and their relationships, but in fact the exposition is so weak that it is often difficult to sort out who is who. Once the expedition to the seaside is under way, things begin to look up. ... By the time Beatrix Lehmann appears as Grandmother, a dotty old woman devoted to astrology, she seems much the sanest person present. The climax, in which Robin is inexplicably thrown from a horse, Allison contemplates suicide, and Eric and Paul play a glumly savage set of tennis, has almost the inspired silliness of a Joan Crawford movie. It has the added advantage of some camera flourishes by Walter Lassally. Miss Lehmann's cool, acidulous voice cuts across the fatuity with quiet malice."

## InfoBox

| Psyche 59 | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | Alexander Singer |
| Screenplay by | Julian Halevy |
| Based on | *Psyche 63*
by Françoise des Ligneris |
| Produced by | Phillip Hazleton |
| Starring | Patricia Neal
Curd Jürgens
Samantha Eggar
Ian Bannen
Beatrix Lehmann
Elspeth March |
| Cinematography | Walter Lassally |
| Edited by | Max Benedict |
| Music by | Kenneth V. Jones |
| Production
company | Troy-Schenck Productions |
| Distributed by | Columbia Pictures |
| Release date | * April 29, 1964 (1964-04-29) |
| Running time | 94 minutes |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Language | English |


title: Prudencesa Renfro

abstract: Prudencesa Renfro, known professionally as Pru, is an American singer-songwriter. Raised in South Park, Houston, Renfro gained public recognition after being signed to Capitol Records and releasing her debut album Pru in 2000.

text:
# Prudencesa Renfro

**Prudencesa Renfro**, known professionally as **Pru**, is an American singer-songwriter. Raised in South Park, Houston, Renfro gained public recognition after being signed to Capitol Records and releasing her debut album *Pru* in 2000.

## Career

### Early life and career beginnings

Prudencesa Renfro was raised in South Park, Houston, by her mother Patsy Renfro. She has three older siblings. Renfro became interested in music at a young age, and performed in bars while working as a bartender. She wrote song lyrics and poetry while attending high school and then Texas Southern University, coupling her lyrics with the music of other artists such as Michael Jackson, Rachelle Ferrell, Sade, Naughty by Nature, the Isley Brothers, and Miles Davis.

Renfro later moved to Los Angeles to further pursue her music career. Renfro became professionally known as Pru, and was signed through Warner/Chappell Music Publishing by Capitol Records' executive Roy Lott. Lott said that he was drawn to her songwriting and voice. Her demo was produced by Jack Ponti of CazzyDog Management and helped her to secure the record deal.

### *Pru*

Renfro's debut album *Pru* was released on November 7, 2000. According to *Billboard* magazine, Capitol Records had placed significant focus on the marketing for the album, including the release of an electronic press kit and promotion through "non-retail accounts". Lott told *Billboard* that Renfro would act as a primary part of Capitol Records' attempt to attract a wider audience with her crossover appeal. *Pru* reached a peak position of number 176 on the *Billboard* 200, spending two weeks on the chart, and peaked on *Billboard's* R&B Albums at number 38, leaving the chart after thirty-two weeks.

Two singles  "Candles" and "Aaroma (of a Man)"  \[*sic*\]  were released from the album. "Candles" reached number 68 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs *Billboard* chart where it spent fourteen weeks, and peaked at number 65 on the R&B/Hip-Hop Airplay *Billboard* chart where it spent ten weeks. Renfro's style was compared to contemporary neo soul performers, such as Lauryn Hill, Macy Gray, and Erykah Badu.

## InfoBox

| Prudencesa Renfro | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Houston, Texas |
| Nationality | American |
| Other names | Pru |
| Alma mater | Texas Southern University |
| Occupations | * Singer * songwriter |


title: Leisure (album)

abstract: Leisure is the debut studio album by English rock band Blur, released by Food Records on 26 August 1991.

text:
# Leisure (album)

***Leisure*** is the debut studio album by English rock band Blur, released by Food Records on 26 August 1991.

## Content

The original version of "Sing", entitled "Sing (To Me)", was recorded as a demo in late 1989 under the band's former name, Seymour, and can be heard on the ultra-rare promo-only single which was released over a decade later in February 2000 and on the first of a 4-disc set with rare material in the *Blur 21* box set.

The cover photograph was taken in May 1954 by Charles Hewitt, for a *Picture Post* fashion feature on bathing hats, "Glamour in the Swim".

## Release

The album was released on 26 August 1991 in the United Kingdom by record label Food. It was released in the US a month later with a different track listing: this version is frontloaded with Blur's three UK singles, and the song "Sing" was replaced by "I Know", previously an A-side with "She's So High" (see track listings for exact changes). The Canadian version has the same track listing as the UK version.

*Leisure* peaked at number 7 in the UK Albums Chart. The album was certified Gold in the UK.

As part of the album's 21st anniversary, *Leisure* was remastered and reissued along with the band's other studio albums on 30 July 2012. The album was reissued a second time, on coloured vinyl, on 26 August 2016.

## Reception and legacy

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *Drowned In Sound* | 8/10 |
| *Encyclopedia of Popular Music* |  |
| *Entertainment Weekly* | A− |
| *Pitchfork* | 5.8/10 |
|  |  |
| *The Rolling Stone Album Guide* |  |
| *Select* | 5/5 |
| *Smash Hits* | 8/10 |

*Leisure* received mixed reviews from the British music press. A highly enthusiastic David Cavanagh wrote in *Select* magazine that "The four Blur boys have guaranteed themselves a hefty leg-up in the being-taken-seriously stakes with the thrills they've carved into the grooves of *Leisure*." He concluded that "*Leisure*, in short, is one of those happy occasions when the hype is dead right."  magazine's Paul Davies rated the album four out of five stars, and felt it fulfilled the early promise Blur showcased: "This latest bunch of floppy-fringed pop cadets in baggy clothing should consummate their burgeoning pop romance in fine style", Davies elaborated, "for *Leisure* is a substantially stocked treasure-chest of hit singles just waiting to happen." Alexis Petridis however, stated that "on the evidence of this album, they don't appear to know what they're doing and as a result make appalling mistakes all over the place". He also described the lyrics as "bad".

In a 2007 interview, lead singer Damon Albarn expressed distaste for the album, describing it as "awful" and being one of the two "bad records" he has made in his career (the other being Blur album *The Great Escape*). Albarn further expanded on the album's recording in 2014, explaining that "it wasn't a particularly happy experience" and suggested the band were too keen to please the record label by capitalising on a sound that was popular at the time. The band rarely played tracks from the album live in later tours, with only the singles "There's No Other Way" and "She's So High" being frequently included in setlists.

"Sing" was included on the *Trainspotting* soundtrack in 1996. In 2008, Coldplay announced upon the release of *Viva la Vida or Death and All His Friends* that "Sing" provided a starting point for "Lost!".

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Damon Albarn, Graham Coxon, Alex James and Dave Rowntree

UK Edition
| No. | Title | Producer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "She's So High" |  | 4:45 |
| 2. | "Bang" | Stephen Street | 3:36 |
| 3. | "Slow Down" | Street | 3:11 |
| 4. | "Repetition" | Street | 5:25 |
| 5. | "Bad Day" | Street | 4:23 |
| 6. | "Sing" | Blur | 6:00 |
| 7. | "There's No Other Way" | Street | 3:23 |
| 8. | "Fool" | Mike Thorne | 3:15 |
| 9. | "Come Together" | Street | 3:51 |
| 10. | "High Cool" | Street | 3:37 |
| 11. | "Birthday" | Thorne | 3:50 |
| 12. | "Wear Me Down" | Thorne | 4:49 |
| Total length: | | | 50:13 |

All tracks are written by Damon Albarn, Graham Coxon, Alex James and Dave Rowntree

Japanese edition
| No. | Title | Producer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "She's So High" |  | 4:46 |
| 2. | "There's No Other Way" | Stephen Street | 3:23 |
| 3. | "Bang" | Stephen Street | 3:37 |
| 4. | "I Know" |  | 3:32 |
| 5. | "Slow Down" | Stephen Street | 3:11 |
| 6. | "Repetition" | Stephen Street | 5:25 |
| 7. | "Bad Day" | Stephen Street | 4:24 |
| 8. | "Sing" | Blur | 6:00 |
| 9. | "High Cool" | Stephen Street | 3:38 |
| 10. | "Come Together" | Stephen Street | 3:52 |
| 11. | "Inertia" | Blur | 3:48 |
| 12. | "Mr. Briggs" | Blur | 3:59 |
| 13. | "Fool" | Mike Thorne | 3:16 |
| 14. | "Birthday" |  | 3:50 |
| 15. | "Wear Me Down" | Mike Thorne | 4:50 |
| Total length: | | | 61:31 |

* **Note:** The US and Japan editions of the album have different track listings.

*Leisure* – 21st Anniversary deluxe edition bonus disc
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "I Know" (Extended Version) | 6:31 |
| 2. | "Down" | 5:59 |
| 3. | "There's No Other Way" (Extended Version) | 3:59 |
| 4. | "Inertia" | 3:49 |
| 5. | "Mr Briggs" | 3:59 |
| 6. | "I'm All Over" | 2:00 |
| 7. | "Won't Do It" | 3:20 |
| 8. | "Day Upon Day" (Live) | 4:14 |
| 9. | "There's No Other Way" (Blur Remix) | 4:57 |
| 10. | "Bang" (Extended Version) | 4:26 |
| 11. | "Explain" | 2:45 |
| 12. | "Luminous" | 3:14 |
| 13. | "Berserk" | 6:43 |
| 14. | "Uncle Love" | 2:31 |
| 15. | "I Love Her" (Demo) | 3:36 |
| 16. | "Close" | 3:03 |
| Total length: | | 65:06 |

## Personnel

Blur * Damon Albarn – lead vocals, keyboards, production on "Sing", "Inertia" and "Mr. Briggs"
* Graham Coxon – guitars, backing vocals, production on "Sing", "Inertia" and "Mr. Briggs"
* Alex James – bass, production on "Sing", "Inertia" and "Mr. Briggs"
* Dave Rowntree – drums, percussion, production on "Sing", "Inertia" and "Mr. Briggs"

Technical * Steve Lovell – production on "She's So High" and "I Know"
* Steve Power – production on "She's So High" and "I Know"
* Mike Thorne – production on "Fool", "Birthday" and "Wear Me Down"
* Stephen Street – production on "There's No Other Way", "Bang", "Slow Down", "Repetition", "Bad Day", "High Cool" and "Come Together"

## Charts and certifications

## InfoBox

| Leisure | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Blur | |
| Released | 26 August 1991 |
| Recorded | May 1990 – March 1991 |
| Studio | Battery (Willesden, London) |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 50:16 |
| Label | Food |
| Producer |  |
| Blur chronology | |
| ***Leisure***
(1991) *Modern Life Is Rubbish*
(1993) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Leisure* | |
| 1. "She's So High / I Know"
Released: 15 October 1990 2. "There's No Other Way"
Released: 15 April 1991 3. "Bang"
Released: 29 July 1991 | |
|  | |


title: Pu Songling

abstract: Pu Songling was a Chinese writer during the Qing dynasty, best known as the author of Strange Tales from a Chinese Studio.

text:
# Pu Songling

| Pu Songling | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Traditional Chinese | 蒲松齡 |
| Simplified Chinese | 蒲松龄 |
| Transcriptions  Standard Mandarin  Hanyu Pinyin Pú Sōnglíng  Wade–Giles P'u2 Sung1-ling2  IPA \[pʰǔ ́ŋ.lǐŋ\] | |
|  | |

**Pu Songling** (Chinese: , 5 June 1640 – 25 February 1715) was a Chinese writer during the Qing dynasty, best known as the author of *Strange Tales from a Chinese Studio* (*Liaozhai zhiyi*).

## Biography

Pu was born into a poor merchant family from Zichuan (淄川, in Zibo, Shandong). At the age of 18, he received the Xiucai degree in the Imperial examination. It was not until he was 71 that he was awarded the *Gongsheng* ("tribute student") degree for his achievement in literature rather than for passing the Imperial exam.

He spent most of his life working as a private tutor, collecting stories that were later published in *Strange Tales from a Chinese Studio* in 1740. Some critics attribute the Vernacular Chinese novel *Xingshi Yinyuan Zhuan* ("Marriage Destinies to Awaken the World") to him.

## Translations of his work

* *Strange Tales from Liaozhai*, 6 volumes (tr. Sidney L. Sondergard). Jain Pub Co., 2008-2014. ISBN 978-0-89581-001-4.
* *Strange Tales from a Chinese Studio* (tr. John Minford). London: Penguin, 2006. 562 pages. ISBN 0-14-044740-7.
* *Strange Tales from the Liaozhai Studio* (Zhang Qingnian, Zhang Ciyun and Yang Yi). Beijing: People's China Publishing, 1997. ISBN 7-80065-599-7.
* *Strange Tales from Make-do Studio* (Denis C. & Victor H. Mair). Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 1989.
* *Strange Tales of Liaozhai* (Lu Yunzhong, Chen Tifang, Yang Liyi, and Yang Zhihong). Hong Kong: Commercial Press, 1982.
* *Strange Stories from the Lodge of Leisures* (George Soulié). London: Constable, 1913.
* *Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio* (tr. Herbert A. Giles). London: T. De La Rue, 1880. ISBN 1-4212-4855-7.
* *The Emperor of China in a House of Ill Repute: Songs of the Imperial Visit to Datong* (tr. Wilt L. Idema). Oxford University Press, 2023.

In *The Knight of Shadows: Between Yin and Yang* (2019), Jackie Chan portrays Pu Songling

Dao Lang has released an album based on his folk stories, called "There are Few Folk Songs" (山歌寥哉). The tracklist includes "Luosha Haishi" (罗刹海市), a song based on The Raksha Country and the Sea Market, which is compared to "Gangnam Style" for its virality and watching records.

References:

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Pu Songling | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1640-06-05)5 June 1640
Zibo, Shandong, Ming China |
| Died | 25 February 1715(1715-02-25) (aged 74) |
| Occupation | Writer |
| Language | Classical Chinese |
| Nationality | Chinese |
| Period | Qing dynasty |
| Subject | Chinese literature |
| Notable works | *Strange Tales from a Chinese Studio* (*Liaozhai zhiyi*) |


title: Lehigh, Illinois

abstract: Lehigh is an unincorporated community in Limestone Township, Kankakee County, Illinois, United States. The community is on County Route 28 and a railway line 3 miles (4.8 km) west-southwest of Limestone.

text:
# Lehigh, Illinois

**Lehigh** is an unincorporated community in Limestone Township, Kankakee County, Illinois, United States. The community is on County Route 28 and a railway line 3 miles (4.8 km) west-southwest of Limestone.

## InfoBox

| Lehigh, Illinois | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| Lehigh, IllinoisLehigh, Illinois | |
| Coordinates: 41°06′37″N 88°01′05″W / 41.11028°N 88.01806°W / 41.11028; -88.01806 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Illinois |
| County | Kankakee |
| Elevation | 650 ft (200 m) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| Area code(s) | 815 & 779 |
| GNIS feature ID | 422906 |


title: Tirador Armstrong

abstract: Porferio Tirador "Gopher" Armstrong, sometimes called Theodore Armstrong, was a Cheyenne-Caddo painter from Clinton, Oklahoma. Armstrong had a keen interest in art since elementary school. He studied at the Concho Indian School and has exhibited his work across the country. Some of his works are in the permanent collection of institutions including the Oklahoma Historical Society Museum and the Joslyn Art Museum. Armstrong served in the United States Marine Corps for three years during WWII. He married Dola Jean Tartsah in 1961. He died on March 17, 2010, and is buried in the Concho Cemetery, Concho, Oklahoma.

text:
# Tirador Armstrong

**Porferio Tirador "Gopher" Armstrong** (May 8, 1935 – March 17, 2010), sometimes called **Theodore Armstrong**, was a Cheyenne-Caddo painter from Clinton, Oklahoma. Armstrong had a keen interest in art since elementary school. He studied at the Concho Indian School and has exhibited his work across the country. Some of his works are in the permanent collection of institutions including the Oklahoma Historical Society Museum and the Joslyn Art Museum.

Armstrong served in the United States Marine Corps for three years during WWII. He married Dola Jean Tartsah (from the Kiowa tribe) in 1961. He died on March 17, 2010, and is buried in the Concho Cemetery, Concho, Oklahoma.

## InfoBox

| Tirador Armstrong | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Porferio Tirador Armstrong
(1935-05-08)May 8, 1935
Clinton, Oklahoma |
| Died | March 17, 2010(2010-03-17) (aged 74) |
| Nationality | American, Cheyenne-Caddo |
| Occupation | painter |
| Spouse | Dola Jean Tartsah |


abstract:
The United States Senate Environment and Public Works Subcommittee on Private Sector and Consumer Solutions to Global Warming and Wildlife Protection was one of six subcommittees of the Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works during the 110th Congress. The subcommittee's jurisdiction included:
  - Global warming
  - Fisheries and wildlife, including the Fish and Wildlife Service
  - Endangered Species Act (ESA)
  - National Wildlife Refuges The subcommittee was formerly known as the Subcommittee on Fisheries, Wildlife, and Water, but was renamed during committee organization of the 110th Congress when global warming was added to its oversight responsibilities. It served as a counterpart to the new Subcommittee on Public Sector Solutions to Global Warming, Oversight, and Children's Health Protection. The subcommittee was chaired by Senator Joe Lieberman of Connecticut, and the ranking member was Senator John Warner of Virginia.

text:
# United States Senate Environment and Public Works Subcommittee on Private Sector and Consumer Solutions to Global Warming and Wildlife Protection

The **United States Senate Environment and Public Works Subcommittee on Private Sector and Consumer Solutions to Global Warming and Wildlife Protection** was one of six subcommittees of the Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works during the 110th Congress. The subcommittee's jurisdiction included:

The subcommittee was formerly known as the **Subcommittee on Fisheries, Wildlife, and Water**, but was renamed during committee organization of the 110th Congress when global warming was added to its oversight responsibilities. It served as a counterpart to the new Subcommittee on Public Sector Solutions to Global Warming, Oversight, and Children's Health Protection.

The subcommittee was chaired by Senator Joe Lieberman of Connecticut, and the ranking member was Senator John Warner of Virginia.

## Members, 110th Congress

* "Private Sector and Consumer Solutions to Global Warming and Wildlife Protection". United States Senate Environment and Public Works. Retrieved 17 December 2010.


title: Microtheca picea

abstract: Microtheca picea is a species of leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. It is found in North America and South America.

text:
# Microtheca picea

***Microtheca picea*** is a species of leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. It is found in North America and South America.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| *Microtheca picea* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Chrysomelidae |
| Genus: | *Microtheca* |
| Species: | ***M. picea*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Microtheca picea***<br>(Guérin-Méneville, 1844) | |
|


title: Qingyuan, Guangxi

abstract: Qingyuan is a town in northern Guangxi, Southern China. It is the seat of the county-level city of Yizhou, with an area of 40 square kilometres (15 sq mi) and a population of 30,321.

text:
# Qingyuan, Guangxi

**Qingyuan** (simplified Chinese: 庆远; traditional Chinese: 慶遠; pinyin: *Qìngyuǎn*) is a town in northern Guangxi, Southern China. It is the seat of the county-level city of Yizhou, with an area of 40 square kilometres (15 sq mi) and a population of 30,321.

## InfoBox

| Qingyuan 庆远镇 | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
| QingyuanLocation in China | |
| Coordinates: 24°29′39″N 108°39′39″E / 24.49417°N 108.66083°E / 24.49417; 108.66083 | |
| Country | China |
| Autonomous region | Guangxi |
| Prefecture-level city | Hechi |
| County-level city | Yizhou |
| Area | |
| Total | 40 km2 (20 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 141 m (463 ft) |
| Population (2002) | |
| Total | 30,321 |
| Density | 760/km2 (2,000/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Postal code | 451281100 |
| Area code | 0778 |


title: Turbonilla delphineae

abstract: Turbonilla delphineae is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.

text:
# Turbonilla delphineae

***Turbonilla delphineae*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.

## InfoBox

| *Turbonilla delphineae* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Family: | Pyramidellidae |
| Genus: | *Turbonilla* |
| Species: | ***T. delphineae*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Turbonilla delphineae***<br>Peñas & Rolán, 2010 | |
|


title: Paulician principality of Tephrike

abstract: The Principality of Tephrike was a medieval Paulician principality on the territory of historical Tephrike.

text:
# Paulician principality of Tephrike

The **Principality of Tephrike** was a medieval Paulician principality on the territory of historical Tephrike (present-day Divriği, Turkey).

## History

In 843, the Byzantine Empress Theodora instituted a major persecution against a heretical medieval Christian sect which originated in Armenia in the 7th century, the Paulicians, throughout Asia Minor. In response, under their then leader Karbeas, the Paulicians fled across the border to the areas of Armenia under Arab control.

Under the protection of Umar al-Aqta, the Emir of Melitene, the sect was permitted by the Arabs to establish an independent Paulician state centred on Tephrike on the Upper Euphrates, which also included the newly founded cities of Amara (present-day Ömerli, Turkey) and Argaoun (present-day Arguvan, Turkey). From there, he participated regularly in the raids by the Arab border emirates into Byzantine Asia Minor.. Karbeas died in 863 during Michael III's campaign against the Arabs and possibly was with Umar at Malakopea before the Battle of Lalakaon.

Karbeas's successor, Chrysocheres ('the goldenhand'), devastated many cities in the continued wars with the Byzantines; in 867, he advanced as far as Ephesus. Chrysocheres was killed at Battle of Bathys Ryax in 872 or 878.

By 878, the emperor Basil I had conquered the Paulician strongholds in Asia Minor (including Tephrike) and the survivors from the destruction of the Paulician state were largely displaced.

## Sources

## InfoBox

| Principality of Tephrike | |
| --- | --- |
| mid 9th century–870s | |
|  | |
| Capital | Tephrike |
| Religion | Paulicianism |
| Government | Monarchy |
|  | |
| 840s - 863 | Karbeas |
| 863 - 870s | Chrysocheres |
|  | |
| History |  |
|  | |
| Established | mid 9th century |
| Disestablished | 870s |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Weißache

abstract: The Weißache is a river of Tyrol, Austria, a right tributary of the Inn. The Weißache flows in the Sölllandl, a valley between the Kaiser Mountains and the Hohe Salve. It rises at about 1,600 m (AA) on the Zinsberggrund in the Weißachergraben and discharges in Endach, a district of Kufstein, into the Inn. The Ache flows through the following municipalities: Ellmau, Scheffau, Söll, Schwoich, Kufstein. Before the road Eibergstraße branches off to Schwoich, the river is divided and a larger part is pumped under the hill Kufsteiner Waldt into a heat-only boiler station south of Kufsteins and acts as cooling water, before it flows back on a natural course into the Inn. Between Egerbach and Endach the remaining part of the Weißache flows for about 800 m (2,600 ft) through a long gully, before it exits from the valley and heads northwest towards the Inn. This part discharges into the Inn around two kilometres (1.2 mi) after the boiler station. In 2005 numerous measures were taken in Kufstein to reinforce the banks. The stream has cut ever deeper in the past years which could cause its banks to collapse.

text:
# Weißache

The **Weißache** is a river of Tyrol, Austria, a right tributary of the Inn.

The Weißache flows in the Sölllandl, a valley between the Kaiser Mountains and the Hohe Salve. It rises at about 1,600 m (AA) on the *Zinsberggrund* in the *Weißachergraben* and discharges in Endach, a district of Kufstein, into the Inn.

The Ache flows through the following municipalities (in downstream order): Ellmau, Scheffau, Söll, Schwoich, Kufstein.

Before the road Eibergstraße branches off to Schwoich, the river is divided and a larger part is pumped under the hill *Kufsteiner Wald*t into a heat-only boiler station south of Kufsteins and acts as cooling water, before it flows back on a natural course into the Inn. Between Egerbach (a district of Schwoich) and Endach (a district of Kufstein) the remaining part of the Weißache flows for about 800 m (2,600 ft) through a long gully, before it exits from the valley and heads northwest towards the Inn. This part discharges into the Inn around two kilometres (1.2 mi) after the boiler station.

In 2005 numerous measures were taken in Kufstein to reinforce the banks. The stream has cut ever deeper in the past years which could cause its banks to collapse.

## InfoBox

| Weißache | |
| --- | --- |
| The Weißache in its lower reaches near Kufstein | |
| Location | |
| Country | Austria |
| State | Tyrol |
| Physical characteristics | |
|  | |
| Source |  |
| location | *Zinsberggrund* in Ellmau |
| elevation | ca. 1,600 m (AA) |
|  | |
| Mouth |  |
| location | In Kufstein into the Inn |
| coordinates | 47°34′32″N 12°09′14″E / 47.57564°N 12.15378°E / 47.57564; 12.15378 |
| elevation | ca. 500 m (AA) |
| Length | 24.2 km (15.0 mi) |
| Basin features | |
| Progression | InnDanubeBlack Sea |
| Landmarks | Small towns: Söll, Kufstein |


title: Turbonilla mendana

abstract: Turbonilla mendana is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.

text:
# Turbonilla mendana

***Turbonilla mendana*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.

## Description

The shell grows to a length of 1.8 mm.

## Distribution

This species occurs in the Pacific Ocean from the Solomon Islands and Fiji.

## InfoBox

| *Turbonilla mendana* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Family: | Pyramidellidae |
| Genus: | *Turbonilla* |
| Species: | ***T. mendana*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Turbonilla mendana***<br>Peñas & Rolán, 2010 | |
|


title: Pseudodactylaria

abstract: Pseudodactylaria are a genus of fungi, within the monotypic family Pseudodactylariaceae Crous, and within the monotypic order Pseudodactylariales Crous, within the class Sordariomycetes. They are saprobic on plants in freshwater or terrestrial habitats.

text:
# Pseudodactylaria

***Pseudodactylaria*** are a genus of fungi (which has up to 10 species), within the monotypic family **Pseudodactylariaceae** Crous, and within the monotypic order **Pseudodactylariales** Crous, within the class Sordariomycetes. They are saprobic on plants in freshwater or terrestrial habitats.

## History

The genus *Pseudodactylaria* was originally established by Crous et al. (2017), based on the type species *Pseudodactylaria xanthorrhoeae* (from Australia), to accommodate two dactylaria-like species, namely as *Pseudodactylaria hyalotunicata* and also *Pseudodactylaria xanthorrhoeae*. *Dactylaria hyalotunicata* C.K.M. Tsui, Goh & K.D. Hyde which was found on submerged wood in river in Hong Kong in 1997, became *Pseudodactylaria hyalotunicata* in 2017.

The name *Pseudodactylaria* refers to resembling *Dactylaria*, is a genus of fungi belonging to Helotiales genera *incertae sedis*.

Family Pseudodactylariaceae was also introduced as a monotypic family by Crous et al. (2017) in the order Pseudodactylariales, Both in class Sordariomycetes. In Crous's study, the Pseudodactylariales formed a distinct clade and is phylogenetically close to orders Chaetosphaeriales and Vermiculariopsiellales within the subclass of Sordariomycetidae (Crous et al. 2017). Lin et al. in 2018, confirmed the taxonomic status of family Pseudodactylariaceae based on phylogenetic analysis of LSU gene and ITS sequence data, and introduced a new species, *Pseudodactylaria brevis* C.G. Lin, McKenzie & K.D. Hyde, based on phylogenetic and morphological evidence. Hyde et al. in 2020, then described *Pseudodactylaria camporesiana* W. Dong, Doilom & K.D. Hyde from submerged wood in a stream in Thailand. Lu et al. 2020 also stated that the Pseudodactylariales order formed a monotypic clade.

## Description

Species in the genus *Pseudodactylaria* are characterized by a sexual morph that is undetermined.

They have a hyphomycetous asexual morph. Which has single, unbranched or branched, septate (walled), thick-walled, hyaline (glass-like) conidiophores (specialized stalks holding the condia). They are sub-cylindrical, straight to flexuous (bendy or flexible) in shape and denticulate (having teeth-like structures). The solitary, hyaline, smooth-walled, conidia (spores) are fusoid (spindle-like shape) or ellipsoid and will combine or gather into a slimy mass. They are guttulate (having oil droplets inside) and surrounded by a thin mucilaginous (thick gluey substance) sheath (adapted from Crous et al. 2017a).

Species *Pseudodactylaria aquatica* has the same characteristics of the *Pseudodactylaria* genus. Although, it has brown to dark brown coloured conidiophores, which are gathered in groups of 3–5, and they have cylindrical, narrowly fusiform shaped conidia with a hyaline appendage at the base. While other *Pseudodactylaria* species have single conidiophores and conidia that are lacking an appendage.

*Pseudodactylaria albicolonia* was found in 2021 in Thailand was characterized by white erect conidiophores, fusoid-ellipsoid conidia that was also surrounded by a thin mucilaginous sheath.

## Species

Originally only 3 species were accepted in the genus *Pseudodactylaria*; *Pseudodactylaria brevis*, *Pseudodactylaria hyalotunicata* and *Pseudodactylaria xanthorrhoeae* in 2018.

10 species are accepted by Species Fungorum (as of June 2023);

## Hosts

*Pseudodactylaria xanthorrhoeae* found on Australian native shrub, *Xanthorrhoea* sp. While *Pseudodactylaria fusiformis* can be found on Culms (stems) of various Bamboo *sp. in Guizhou, China. Also,* Pseudodactylaria aquatica *is a lignicolous species (living in or on wood) and is saprobic on decaying wood submerged in freshwater habitats in China. Lastly,* Pseudodactylaria albicolonia *has been found on decaying submerged wood in a freshwater streams.*

## Distribution and habitat

*Pseudodactylariales* have a distribution worldwide, it has been found in South America, occasionally in parts of North America, Europe (in Spain and Italy), Central and Southern Africa, parts of Eastern Asia (including Thailand, Hong Kong, and China,), New Zealand, and Australia.

## InfoBox

| *Pseudodactylaria* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Sordariomycetes |
| Subclass: | Sordariomycetidae |
| Order: | **Pseudodactylariales**
Crous, Persoonia. 39:270-467 (2017) |
| Family: | ***Pseudodactylariaceae***
Crous, Persoonia. 39: 421 (2017) |
| Genus: | ***Pseudodactylaria***
Crous, Persoonia. 39:270-467 (2017) |
|
| Type species | |
| *Pseudodactylaria xanthorrhoeae*
Crous, 2017 | |


title: Leicester Smyth

abstract: Lieutenant General Hon. Sir Leicester Smyth was a British Army officer and colonial administrator who served as the Governor of Gibraltar.

text:
# Leicester Smyth

Lieutenant General **Hon. Sir Leicester Smyth** KCB KCMG (born **Curzon-Howe**; 25 October 1829  27 January 1891) was a British Army officer and colonial administrator who served as the Governor of Gibraltar.

## Early life and education

Smyth was the seventh son of Richard Curzon-Howe, 1st Earl Howe and Lady Harriet Georgiana Brudenell, daughter of Robert Brudenell, 6th Earl of Cardigan. He was educated at Eton College.

## Military career

Smyth was commissioned into the Rifle Brigade in 1845. He served in the Basuto War in 1852.

In 1854 he was appointed aide-de-camp to Lord Raglan and was present at the Battle of Alma, the Battle of Inkerman and the Siege of Sevastopol. He subsequently served as ADC to General Codrington.

He was made Assistant Military Secretary in the Ionian Islands in 1856, Military Secretary in Ireland in 1865 and Deputy Quartermaster in Ireland in 1872.

In 1877 he became General Officer Commanding Western District and in 1880 GOC Cape Colony. He was acting High Commissioner for Southern Africa from 1882 to 1883, GOC Southern District from 1889 to 1890 (in which capacity he hosted a visit by the Shah of Persia) and Governor of Gibraltar from 1890 until his death in 1891, aged 61. During the Second Boer War, in February 1900, it was claimed that in 1884 Smyth refused a request from Colonel Luard, who was commanding the Royal Engineers, to map the Drakensberg passes. The lack of adequate maps severely hampered British efforts during the war.

## Family

On 12 February 1866 in Dublin, he married Alicia Maria Eliza Smyth, daughter and heiress of Robert Smyth of Drumcree, County Westmeath. In November that year, he adopted his wife's maiden name in lieu of his own, and quartered the Smyth arms with the arms of Curzon-Howe. They had no children.

## InfoBox

| The Honourable
Sir Leicester Smyth | |
| --- | --- |
| Birth name | Hon. Leicester Curzon-Howe |
| Born | 25 October 1829
Norton Juxta Twycross, Leicester, England |
| Died | 27 January 1891 (aged 61)
London, United Kingdom |
| Buried | Gopsall, Leicestershire |
| Allegiance | United Kingdom |
| Service/branch | British Army |
| Rank | Lieutenant-General |
| Commands | Western District
Cape Colony
Southern District |
| Battles/wars | Crimean War |
| Awards | Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath
Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George |
| Spouse(s) | Alicia Maria Eliza Smyth |


title: Timpanogos Cave Historic District

abstract: The Timpanogos Cave Historic District is an 11-acre (4.5 ha) historic district in the Timpanogos Cave National Monument in American Fork Canyon in northeastern Utah County, Utah, United States, that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP).

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# Timpanogos Cave Historic District

The **Timpanogos Cave Historic District** is an 11-acre (4.5 ha) historic district in the Timpanogos Cave National Monument in American Fork Canyon in northeastern Utah County, Utah, United States, that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP).

## Description

The district consists of support and administration buildings built in the monument in the 1920s and 1930s. These structures are notable examples of the National Park Service Rustic style, designed to fit with their environment. The earliest trails and structures were built by Errol M. Halliday while the location was still under the administration of the U.S. Forest Service. The Old Cave Trail was built in 1921-22. The stone storage building was built in the 1920s, together with a frame custodian's residence that no longer exists. A stone confort station (Building 126) was built in 1928.

The structures are scattered on a steep landscape. The most significant building is the superintendent's residence, of rubble stone construction with a log-framed roof, covered with green shingles. The bridge is a single span built in 1935, using rubble stone. The 1935 Comfort Station restroom (presently named Last Chance restroom) is built on a ledge on the mountainside, and has a nearly flat concrete roof faced with stone. The 1928 comfort station is larger and built with a shingled roof. It is no longer used as a restroom. The rubble storage building is covered with a flat concrete roof. There are also two cold cellars on the site, both built about 1930. The trail climbs the cliffs for between one and 1.5 miles (2.4 km), its vertical climb of 1,065 feet (325 m) supported by stone retaining walls.

## History

The National Park Service took over the monument in 1933. Monument facilities were expanded using labor provided by the Works Progress Administration, with another comfort station (Building 127) in 1939. The unnamed stream that flows through the American Fork Canyon (and becomes the American Fork river at the mouth of the canyon) was diverted and a new bridge was built in the 1930s. The Superintendent's Residence was completed in 1941.

The Timpanogos Cave Historic District was placed on the NRHP on October 13, 1982.

Media related to Timpanogos Cave Historic District at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Timpanogos Cave Historic District | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| U.S. Historic district | |
|  | |
| Superintendent's residence, March 2007 | |
|  | |
| Nearest city | Highland, Utah |
| Coordinates | 40°26′35″N 111°42′26″W / 40.44306°N 111.70722°W / 40.44306; -111.70722 |
| Area | 11 acres (4.5 ha) |
| Built | 1921-1941 |
| Architect | Multiple |
| Architectural style | Rustic |
| NRHP reference No. | 82001760 |
| Added to NRHP | October 13, 1982 |


abstract: The U.S. Senate Environment and Public Works Subcommittee on Public Sector Solutions to Global Warming, Oversight, Children's Health Protection was one of the six subcommittees of the U.S. Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works. Created in 2007, the subcommittee has general oversight jurisdiction over the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency as well as diverse issues such as global warming, children's health protection, and the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA).

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# United States Senate Environment and Public Works Subcommittee on Public Sector Solutions to Global Warming, Oversight, and Children's Health Protection

The **U.S. Senate Environment and Public Works Subcommittee on Public Sector Solutions to Global Warming, Oversight, Children's Health Protection** was one of the six subcommittees of the U.S. Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works. Created in 2007, the subcommittee has general oversight jurisdiction over the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency as well as diverse issues such as global warming, children's health protection, and the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA).

## Members, 110th Congress


title: Pythium insidiosum

abstract: Pythium insidiosum is a species of Pythium and a member of the class oomycota. Pythium insidiosum is mainly found in standing water and occasionally soil. Unlike most Pythium species, which are generally pathogens of terrestrial plants, Pythium insidiosum is a pathogen of mammals. It causes pythiosis, mainly in horses, dogs, and humans. It can also cause disease in cats. It is a non-transmissible disease and occurs mainly in tropical climate, endemic to Thailand, affecting mainly humans and horses and in Brazil, affecting mainly horses. Infection can occur in healthy mammals. The pathogen is well-adapted to mammalian body temperature, with an optimum temperature for growth of 34–36 °C (93–97 °F). The cell walls of Pythium insidiosum are composed of β-glucans and cellulose, and their cytoplasmic membranes lack sterols, molecules that are targets of antifungals. For this reason, infection caused by Pythium insidiosum is often difficult to treat.

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# Pythium insidiosum

***Pythium insidiosum*** is a species of *Pythium* and a member of the class oomycota. *Pythium insidiosum* is mainly found in standing water and occasionally soil. Unlike most *Pythium* species, which are generally pathogens of terrestrial plants, *Pythium insidiosum* is a pathogen of mammals. It causes pythiosis, mainly in horses, dogs, and humans. It can also cause disease in cats. It is a non-transmissible disease and occurs mainly in tropical climate, endemic to Thailand, affecting mainly humans and horses and in Brazil, affecting mainly horses. Infection can occur in healthy mammals. The pathogen is well-adapted to mammalian body temperature, with an optimum temperature for growth of 34–36 °C (93–97 °F).

The cell walls of *Pythium insidiosum* are composed of β-glucans and cellulose (compared to the chitin walls of fungi), and their cytoplasmic membranes lack sterols, molecules that are targets of antifungals. For this reason, infection caused by ***Pythium insidiosum*** is often difficult to treat.

## InfoBox

| *Pythium insidiosum* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Ulcerative and destructive skin lesion in a dog caused by *Pythium insidiosum* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| *Clade*: | Diaphoretickes |
| *Clade*: | SAR |
| *Clade*: | Stramenopiles |
| Phylum: | Oomycota |
| Order: | Peronosporales |
| Family: | Pythiaceae |
| Genus: | *Pythium* |
| Species: | ***P. insidiosum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pythium insidiosum***<br>De Cock, L.Mend., A.A.Padhye, Ajello & Kaufman | |
|


title: Turbonilla densesculpturata

abstract: Turbonilla densesculpturata is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.

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# Turbonilla densesculpturata

***Turbonilla densesculpturata*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.

## InfoBox

| *Turbonilla densesculpturata* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Family: | Pyramidellidae |
| Genus: | *Turbonilla* |
| Species: | ***T. densesculpturata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Turbonilla densesculpturata***<br>Peñas & Rolán, 2010 | |
|