title: Uwe Schmidt

abstract: Uwe H. Schmidt, also known as Atom™, Atom Heart, or Señor Coconut, is a German composer, musician and producer of electronic music. He was active in the development of electrolatino, electrogospel, and aciton music. In the nineties, Schmidt moved to Chile and developed part of his career there, adopting the alias Señor Coconut.

text:
# Uwe Schmidt

**Uwe H. Schmidt** (born 27 August 1968), also known as **Atom™**, **Atom Heart**, or **Señor Coconut**, is a German composer, musician and producer of electronic music. He was active in the development of electrolatino, electrogospel, and aciton music. In the nineties, Schmidt moved to Chile and developed part of his career there, adopting the alias Señor Coconut.

## Biography

### 1983–1990

Uwe Schmidt was born in Frankfurt. He began making music in the early 1980s, first playing drums, then switching to programming a drum computer after he had heard a Linn Drum on the radio. In 1986, he co-founded the cassette label N.G. Medien, on which various tapes of international artists, including the Canadian electronic body music act Frontline Assembly and his first musical work under the name **Lassigue Bendthaus**, entitled *The Engineer's Love*, were released.

Soon after, he started to work on what would become his first official Lassigue Bendthaus record release, the album *Matter*. The recordings and production for *Matter* began in 1986 and took almost four years, until the album finally came out in 1991 on the German Parade Amoureuse label. *Matter* as well as its related singles and maxi-singles were recorded and mixed by Tobias Freund (Pink Elln). That same year, he released his debut dancefloor track, 'Whitehouse'. More releases followed on labels like Cyclotron, Rising High, and Pod Communications, for which (as Atom Heart) he co-created with Ata and Heiko the 12" vinyl *Mihon*.

Lassigue Bendthaus, until that point, was musically categorized as EBM, even though part of the success of *Matter* may have been the fact that it did not quite fit the category and already incorporated musical elements of the 1990s. Uwe Schmidt played his first live show as Lassigue Bendthaus as the opening act for the British group Meat Beat Manifesto at the Frankfurt Batschkapp in 1989.

### 1991–1994

Still living in Frankfurt, Uwe Schmidt was directly influenced by the emerging "pre-techno" movement of the late 1980s known as house and acid house. A sub-label of Parade Amoureuse released some of Schmidt's dance floor oriented productions under the alias **Atom Heart** which he adopted as his main artist name from then on. The early 1990s saw a series of 12-inch vinyl productions, mainly aimed at the dance floor, which were released under a variety of different project titles such as Atom Heart, Slot, etc.

In 1992, he was in charge of producing a series of tracks for the yet to be widely known DJs Pascal F.E.O.S. (Resistance D), Ata and Heiko M/S/O (Ongaku). Uwe Schmidt produced and co-wrote titles such as "Ongaku" and "Cosmic Love", which became successful prototypes for the appearing trance movement. His activities as a music producer continued with the Austrian multimedia artists Station Rose whom had just moved from Vienna to Frankfurt in 1992. The 12-inch "Digit Eyes" was produced by Schmidt and Station Rose the same year. During the production of "Digit Eyes" he was introduced to Tetsu Inoue, a New York-based Japanese electronic music producer, with whom he founded the **Datacide** project in 1993.

Out of the N.G. Medien nucleus the record label POD Communication was founded in 1992. After the bankruptcy of Parade Amoureuse and its sub-labels in 1992, Schmidt moved his activities to POD Communication on which he released a series of 12-inches and albums under the guises of Atom Heart, Lisa Carbon and Atomu Shinzo. Also releasing on POD Communication was the German artist Pete Namlook whom Uwe Schmidt first met at the POD office in Frankfurt. Due to his releases on Parade Amoureuse and POD Communication and his successful production works, Schmidt had quickly obtained a reputation that let him play live concerts all around the world. Together with Tobias Freund, who by then used the Pink Elln pseudonym, Schmidt played a live show at one of the first rave parties ever in Finland in 1992. The live concert was recorded and released on Ongaku Music in 1992, known as "Elektronikkaa – Atom Heart & Pink Elln live in Montreux and Helsinki".

A vast amount of productions were released worldwide due to the licensing activities of POD Communication, Ongaku Music and a variety of other Frankfurt-based record companies. After Parade Amoureuse closed down in 1992, his first album *Matter* was re-released by the Italian record label Contempo Records from Florence.

In 1993, Schmidt released the follow-up album to *Matter*: Lassigue Bendthaus' *Cloned*. *Cloned* was produced and licensed to Contempo Records together with a sample CD titled *Cloned:Binary* which contained the sounds used on the original album. Contempo Records went bankrupt in 1993.

Due to open payments by those labels, lack of a recording studio and unresolved recording contracts, Schmidt decided to take some months off and lived for half a year in Costa Rica (end of 1992 until early 1993). On the way back from Costa Rica, he stopped over in New York City, where he visited Tetsu Inoue to record the first Datacide album. Back home in Frankfurt, his interest in Latin Music started to grow and in fact the birth of the **Señor Coconut** moniker can be located somewhere around that time. Even though Lassigue Bendthaus had not brought him much luck until then, he decided to start recording his third album during 1993 entitled *Render*. Because of the stagnation and inherent ignorance of the techno movement that surrounded Schmidt's work, he soon began to distance from this musical format and scene. He also felt that the DJ and the dance floor were limiting targets for his musical output and that many of his musical ideas would not be compatible with it. As a consequence he founded his own record label Rather Interesting in 1994.

By this time, Pete Namlook had founded his FAX +49-69/450464 label and a new scene of musical styles appeared, such as ambient, jungle, IDM and others. Schmidt collaborated with Namlook under the names Millenium (for Pod) and as Subsequence (for FAX).

Uwe Schmidt, apart from his monthly release on Rather Interesting, continued recording with Tetsu Inoue (Datacide), Pete Namlook (**Jet Chamber**) and Victor Sol (**+N**) during 1994. That same year, the Lassigue Bendthaus albums *Render*, *Render Audible (U.S. Remixes)*, *Matter* (second re-release), *Cloned* (first re-release) and the 12-inch "Overflow" were released by the Belgian KK Records, a label that would officially declare bankruptcy in 2000. Right after the release and re-release of the Lassigue Bendthaus albums, Schmidt began to work on the last album to be released under that project name called *Pop Artificielle*.

### 1995–1998

In 1995, Uwe Schmidt collaborated with Bill Laswell and Tetsu Inoue on the Fax release *Second Nature*, which was recorded at Laswell's studio in Brooklyn. Toward the end of 1995, another collaboration was concretized in Tokyo where Schmidt, Inoue, and Yellow Magic Orchestra founder Haruomi Hosono recorded the first *HAT* album, which was released on Schmidt's Rather Interesting label and Haruomi Hosono's Daisy World Discs. In an effort to escape the German winter, Schmidt spent the ends of 1994 and 1995 in Australia. A man with the same idea was the German music producer Bernd Friedmann, whom he met in Melbourne in 1995.

Two more +N and Datacide albums were produced between 1993 and 1996 as well as one album each month on Rather Interesting, all of them under different names that Schmidt later refers to as working titles, headlines, or simply "words that label a musical idea" rather than being aliases or projects in the traditional sense. Logically all works of Uwe Schmidt would later be summarized under just one name: **Atom™**. With a lot of traveling, playing live shows worldwide, such as the Love Parade in 1994 and Sonar Barcelona in 1994, as well as the stagnation to be felt in his European surroundings, Schmidt prepared for his departure from the old continent. Together with Dandy Jack, with whom he formed the project **Gon**, two live shows were played in Santiago de Chile in March and October 1996. Schmidt and the Chilean Dandy Jack, who lived all his life in Germany and Spain, on their way back from Chile, decided to try to relocate to Santiago in 1997.

1996 finally saw Schmidt's Señor Coconut idea come to realization. After a couple of unsuccessful attempts during 1993–1995, still living in Frankfurt, he recorded eight tracks in the later declared electrolatino style. In a fever dream, the name Señor Coconut, placed on top of a coconut texture, a design that would become the artwork of the first Señor Coconut album, appeared to him. Even though Schmidt tried to complete the album in Frankfurt, the preparations for his move to Chile prevented this. In March 1997, Schmidt, together with his colleague Dandy Jack, moved to Santiago de Chile, where they shared a rented house and installed their studios. During March and April, he finished the *El Gran Baile* album, which would be the first work bearing the name of Señor Coconut.

Uwe Schmidt continued releasing one album per month on his Rather Interesting label, although due to the difficulties of adaptation in Chile, decided to reduce his output. Akashic Records, a Tokyo-based label owned by Tōwa Tei, licensed *El Gran Baile* for the territory of Japan. Tōwa Tei further requested a remix by Uwe Schmidt. By the end of 1997 Uwe Schmidt and Dandy Jack's ways split and Uwe moved out of the shared house (while Dandy Jack moved back to Germany one year later).

During 1998, Tetsu Inoue and Haruomi Hosono visited Uwe in Santiago. The second HAT album was recorded. Toward the end of 1998, on his way back from Australia to Germany, Bernd Friedmann stopped over in Santiago and together with Uwe Schmidt they recorded their first **Flanger** album called *Templates*, which was recorded in a programming tour de force of one week at Uwe's Mira, Musica! studio and released in 1999 on the British Ninja Tune label.

### 1999–2003

Lassigue Bendthaus' last album, *Pop Artificielle*, was finally finished and released in 1999. Due to a record company decision the album was released under the name of **LB**. *Pop Artificielle* caused quite a media reaction worldwide, due to the fact that the album contained electronic cover versions of famous pop and rock songs. *Pop Artificielle* stylistically may be considered as being one of the first productions that merged song structures with sounds coming from a '90s techno background. Many refer to it as an initial point for the development of the glitch genre.

During the production process of *Pop Artificielle*, the idea was born to cover the German electronic pioneers Kraftwerk in a yet-to-be-defined style and as a different production. Meant to be rough sketches, Uwe Schmidt started to program a couple of Kraftwerk cover versions in traditional cha-cha-cha arrangement and decided to make this the second Señor Coconut album. Entertained by the result of the first programmings, he produced a total of 4 songs which he sent to some record companies. One of those companies, Tōwa Tei's Akashic Records, immediately licensed the album, entitled *El Baile Alemán*, releasing it upon completion of the production in 2000. Uwe Schmidt obtained official permission by Kraftwerk themselves to release *El Baile Alemán*, though had to remove his version of "Radioactivity". European and North American record companies remained uninterested until triggered by the hype *El Baile Alemán* had caused in Japan. Soon a European, North American, Mexican, Hong Kong and a Russian release followed and the title "Showroom Dummies" was featured in the Mexican movie *Y Tu Mamá También*.

Señor Coconut's first European tour started on 19 August 2000 in Germany. A US headlining tour was scheduled, but had to be canceled because of visa problems of one of the 7 Chilean musicians that accompanied Schmidt. In parallel to Señor Coconut project, Schmidt continued working on rather obscure ideas, some for Rather Interesting, some that were released on other labels, such as the Geeez 'n' Gosh (2000 and 2002) albums which musically merge abstract electronic programmings and gospel vocals. Geeez 'n' Gosh was released on the German Mille Plateaux label, which went bankrupt in 2004, leaving Schmidt as well as many fellow musicians, unpaid. The Flanger project was also continued, Friedman and Schmidt recording the *Inner Space/Outer Space* album in Santiago de Chile, which was then released in 2001.

### 2004–2008

Apart from his own productions and various collaborations he was solicited to remix artists such as Depeche Mode, Martin L. Gore, Air, Cesária Évora, Juan García Esquivel, Sketch Show, Tōwa Tei, Moreno Veloso, Merzbow and many others. An exclusive track entitled "White Car" was produced for and released on the Japanese anime movie, *Appleseed*. Still, Uwe Schmidt spent most of the time touring with his Señor Coconut moniker, which had grown to a full 9-man orchestra. The Señor Coconut album *Yellow Fever!* was released in 2006. The album contained cover versions of Yellow Magic Orchestra songs and became a very successful release in Japan. Amongst the YMO members themselves (Haruomi Hosono, Ryuichi Sakamoto and Yukihiro Takahashi) a large number of musicians appeared on this album such as Mouse on Mars, Akufen, Jorge González and others. *Yellow Fever!* was performed live at Sónar Sound Tokyo the same year, with both Haruomi Hosono and Yukihiro Takahashi performing each one song with the full orchestra on stage. The Señor Coconut album *Around the World* was released. It contains guest participations of Stephan Remmler (Trio) and the Austrian crooner Louie Austen.

### 2009–present

Uwe Schmidt's Rather Interesting label remains his largest unified body of work. To date, R.I. alone has over 46 full-length releases under numerous aliases and styles, of which most of them are written, recorded, mixed and mastered by Schmidt himself. Additionally, Schmidt handles all the label management and most all of the album artwork and design.

Remixes for Les, Pérez Prado, Jamie Lidell, Plaid and Japanese superstar Kumi Koda have been continuing to garner attention for Uwe Schmidt. The collaboration **Surtek Collective** with Vicente Sanfuentes, invented yet another musical style called **aciton**, a blend of acid and reggaeton. Surtek Collective mainly tours Latin America, playing shows in Mexico, Venezuela, Brasil, Argentina and Chile.

The Flanger album *Spirituals* was released in 2005 on Bernd Friedmann's label Nonplace and the HEADZ label for the Japanese territory. A couple of years later songs from *Spirituals* got licensed for the Hungarian movie *Bibliotheque Pascal*.

From 2007 until 2010, collaborating with Japanese composer Masaki Sakamoto, he produces the album *Alien Symphony* and the modified (online) version of it, called *Meteor Shower* which was released in 2010. The same year sees Atom™ acting a mini-role in the Mexican movie *Orol*. By the end of 2010 a short South American tour is played with the Sr. Coconut project.

Atom™, in collaboration with Japanese musician Toshiyuki Yasuda produces a cover version of the Brazilian Bossa Nova classic "Aguas de Março", pre-released on the compilation *Red Hot 2* in June 2011. The vocals on this song are performed by Fernanda Takai and Moreno Veloso.

A photo exhibition called *Winterreise* was unveiled in Tokyo in May 2011, accompanied by a *Playbutton* release. Atom™ performances at the Lincoln Center in New York City, *Communikey Festival* in Boulder, the Raster-Noton/Mute festival at the Roundhouse in London, Labyrinth Festival in Japan plus many others. Exclusive contributions to Ryuichi Sakamoto's *Kizunaworld* project and Tōwa Tei's *Mach* online platform.

A second *Winterreise* exhibition was held in Frankfurt (Germany) in October 2011 as well as the *Winterreise* soundtrack was released in May 2012 through Raster-Noton. atom-tm.com was launched in July 2012 and serves as Atom™'s official news platform and archive. As a result of the *Winterreise* release, Atom™ received an invitation from Richie Hawtin to play an ambient set at his club in Ibiza. The invitation was accepted and the then entitled *Alpha txt* ambient set created, which was then again performed, opening the Labyrinth festival in September the same year. An initially abandoned album, which in 2005 carried the working title *Hard Disc Rock* (as a self-reference to the 1997 Atom™ title with the same name), resurfaced as *HD*, after some of the unfinished tracks raised interest at the Raster-Noton label. The album was finished during the second half of 2012, and mixed down during January 2013. The release of *HD* was then scheduled for March 2013. In the middle of the *HD* production, the terrible news of Pete Namlook's sudden death reach Schmidt. Months later, as a practical consequence of Namlook's passing away, the Rather Interesting label, which both Pete and Atom ran together since 1994, was shut down forever. Early 2013 sees Atom™ playing various live shows, such as the double opening feature at Berlin's CTM.13, where he first performs *Bauteile* with colleague Marc Behrens, and later on, together with Material Object, plays a three-hour *Alpha txt* set. Extensive promotional activities for *HD*, which, amongst other results, bring Atom™ on the front page of Germany's De:bug magazine and the preparation for the *HD* and *Ground Loop* live sets keep Atom™ busy during the first couple of months of 2013.

In July 2024, he was criticised for headlining the Outline festival in Russia during the country's war against Ukraine. He argued that the criticism was a "smear campaign" against him. Ukrainian activist Maya Baklanova countered that "All western artists who perform there are normalising the war and the Russian regime".

## Partial discography

| AAA | Date | Release | Credited artist | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| n/a | 1988 | *The Engineers Love* | Lassigue Bendthaus |
| 001 | 1991-01-15 | *Matter* | Lassigue Bendthaus |
| 002 | 1991 | *Whitehouse* | Atom Heart |
| 008 | 1992 | *Cloned* | Lassigue Bendthaus |
| n/a | 1992 | *Cloned:Binary* | Lassigue Bendthaus |
| n/a | 1993-02-20 | *Datacide I* | Datacide |
| 014 | 1993-03-21 | *Act* | Atomu Shinzo |
| 013 | 1993-06-10 | *Stereococktail* | Lisa Carbon and Friends | Released in the US as  *Experimental Post Techno Swing*. |
| n/a | 1993 | *Elektroniikkaa* | Atom Heart & Pink Elln |
| 021 | 1993-10-10 | *Coeur Atomique* | Coeur Atomique |
| 025 | 1993 | *EX.S* | +N | With Victor Sol & Alain "Stocha" Baumann. |
| 035 | 1994 | *Render* | Lassigue Bendthaus | #15 on CMJ RPM Charts |
| 047 | 1994 | "Overflow" | Lassigue Bendthaus |
| 026 | 1994-02-07 | *Orange (Monochrome Stills)* | Atom Heart |
| 027 | 1994 | *Live at SEL/I/S/C* | Atom Heart |
| 038 | 1994-10-15 | *Dots* | Dots |
| 055 | 1996-04-08 | *Second Nature* | Second Nature | With Tetsu Inoue & Bill Laswell. |
|

* *Render (U.S. Remixes)* (1994)
* *plane* (1994) (with Victor Sol, credited as **+N**)
* *Softcore* (1994)
* *Aerial Service Area* (1994; with Victor Sol and Niko Heyduck, credited as **Aerial Service Area**)
* *DATacide II* (1994)
* *VSVN* (1995; credited as **VSVN**)
* *Mu* (1995; credited as **Masters of Psychedelic Ambience**)
* *Semiacoustic Nature* (1995; credited as **Semiacoustic Nature**)
* *Silver Sound 60* (1995; credited as **Silver Sound**)
* *Binary Amplified Super Stereo* (1995; credited as **BASS**)
* *Real Intelligence* (1995)
* *Polyester* (1995)
* *Flowerhead* (1995)
* *Machine Paisley* (1996; credited as **Machine Paisley**)
* *Tokyo – Frankfurt – New York* (1996; with Haruomi Hosono and Tetsu Inoue, credited as **HAT**)
* *Brown* (1996; credited as **Brown**)
* *Apart* (1996)
* *Real Intelligence II* (1996)
* *built.* (1996; Victor Sol, credited as **+N**)
* *Ondas* (1996)
* *Digital Superimposing* (1997; credited as **Superficial Depth**)
* *Trio de Janeiro* (1997)
* *El Gran Baile* (1997)
* *Schnittstelle* (1998; credited as **Schnittstelle**)
* *DSP-Holiday* (1998; with Haruomi Hosono and Tetsu Inoue, credited as **HAT**)
* *Real Intelligence III* (1998)
* *Pop Artificielle* (2000; credited as **LB**)
* *My Life with Jesus* (2000)
* *Stoffwechsel* (2000)
* *El Baile Alemán* (2000)
* *\[k\]* (2001)
* *14 Footballers in Milkchocolate* (2001)
* *Real Intelligence IV* (2002)
* *Nobody knows* (2002)
* *:)* (2002)
* *Standards* (2003)
* *Fiesta Songs* (2003)
* *CMYK* (2005)
* *iMix* (2005)
* *Speed-Merengue Mega-Mix 2005* (2005)
* *Re-invents the Wheel* (2006)
* *Yellow Fever!* (2006)
* *Son of a Glitch* (2007)
* *The Birth of Acitón* (2007)
* *Around the World with Señor Coconut* (2008)
* *Liedgut* (2009)
* *Muster* (2009)
* *Music Is Better Than Pussy* (2010)
* *Winterreise* (2012)
* *HD* (2013)
* *Bauteile* (2014) (with Marc Behrens)
* *Early Reflections* (2014) (with Material Object, credited as **No. Inc.**)
* *Human After All* (2014) (tribute of the remix from Daft Punk)
* *Texturen I* (2015) (No.)
* *Texturen II* (2016) (No.)

## InfoBox

| Uwe Schmidt | |
| --- | --- |
| Schmidt at MUTEK10, Montreal in 2009 | |
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Uwe H. Schmidt |
| Also known as | Atom™, Atom Heart, Señor Coconut, Lassigue Bendthaus |
| Born | (1968-08-27) 27 August 1968<br>Frankfurt am Main, West Germany |
| Genres | Electronic music, postmodern music, glitch, IDM, Latin dance, techno, experimental, easy listening |
| Occupation(s) | Composer, programmer, musician, producer, graphic designer |
| Years active | 1990–present |
| Labels |  |
|  | |
| Website | www.atom-tm.com<br>www.senor-coconut.com |


title: Lewisburg Area High School

abstract: Lewisburg Area High School is a small rural/suburban public school located in Lewisburg, Union County, Pennsylvania. It is the sole high school operated by the Lewisburg Area School District. Lewisburg Area High School serves: Lewisburg Borough, Kelly Township, East Buffalo Township and Union Township that collectively have a population of 19,173 people according to the 2010 US Census. In addition to the traditional bricks-and-mortar format, the school offers a cyber school called Blended Academy, alternative education and technology and job skills training at SUN Area Technical Institute.

text:
# Lewisburg Area High School

**Lewisburg Area High School** is a small rural/suburban public school located in Lewisburg, Union County, Pennsylvania. It is the sole high school operated by the Lewisburg Area School District. Lewisburg Area High School serves: Lewisburg Borough, Kelly Township, East Buffalo Township and Union Township that collectively have a population of 19,173 people according to the 2010 US Census.

In addition to the traditional bricks-and-mortar format, the school offers a cyber school called Blended Academy, alternative education and technology and job skills training at SUN Area Technical Institute.

## History

The school was originally the Lewisburg High School.

## Student activities

A wide variety of clubs, activities and an extensive athletics program are offered to Lewisburg Area School District students. The district is a member of the Pennsylvania Heartland Athletic Conference. Music programs include band, choir, and orchestra with several ensemble groups. A fall play and spring musical are staged each year.

### Sports

LASD is a founding member of the Pennsylvania Heartland Athletic Conference for all athletics and participates under the rules and guidelines of the Pennsylvania Interscholastic Athletic Association. The district funds:

According to PIAA directory July 2012

40°58′55″N 76°53′49″W / 40.98194°N 76.89694°W / 40.98194; -76.89694

## InfoBox

| Lewisburg Area High School | |
| --- | --- |
| Address | |
|  | |
| 545 Newman Road
Lewisburg, Union County, Pennsylvania 17837-1455
United States | |
| Information | |
| School type | Public |
| School district | Lewisburg Area School District |
| Principal | Paula Reber |
| Faculty | 44 teachers (2017), 42 teachers (2013), 39 teachers 2012 |
| Enrollment | 626 (2016-17) |
| Mascot | Green Dragon |
| Website | http://www.lasd.us |


title: Rader, Missouri

abstract: Rader is an unincorporated community in the northeast corner of Webster County, in the Ozarks of southwest Missouri. The community is located on Missouri Route ZZ between Conway to the northwest and Grovespring to the southeast. Rader is on the southern floodplain of the Osage Fork Gasconade River.

text:
# Rader, Missouri

**Rader** is an unincorporated community in the northeast corner of Webster County, in the Ozarks of southwest Missouri. The community is located on Missouri Route ZZ between Conway to the northwest and Grovespring to the southeast. Rader is on the southern floodplain of the Osage Fork Gasconade River.

## History

A post office called Rader was established in 1886, and remained in operation until 1905. The community has the name of the local Rader family.

37°27′37″N 92°43′09″W / 37.46028°N 92.71917°W / 37.46028; -92.71917


title: Quarterbridge (disambiguation)

abstract:
Quarterbridge may refer to:
  - Quarterbridge, Isle of Man,, a major road junction and TT race vantage point over River Glass on the outskirts of Douglas town, Isle of Man
  - Quarterbridge Road, a main connecting road in the Isle of Man leading from Bray Hill to Quarterbridge road junction
  - Quarterbridge Crossing, a defunct historic gated railway crossing point on the outskirts of Douglas town, Isle of Man

text:
# Quarterbridge (disambiguation)

**Quarterbridge**  may refer to:

* Quarterbridge, Isle of Man, (or Quarter Bridge), a major road junction and TT race vantage point over River Glass on the outskirts of Douglas town, Isle of Man
* Quarterbridge Road, a main connecting road in the Isle of Man leading from Bray Hill to Quarterbridge road junction
* Quarterbridge Crossing, a defunct historic gated railway crossing point on the outskirts of Douglas town, Isle of Man


title: Two Thousand Miles

abstract: Two Thousand Miles is the fourth album by American singer/songwriter Owen Temple. It was released in 2008 on El Paisano Records.

text:
# Two Thousand Miles

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic |  |
| *Americana Roots* |  |
| *Maverick Magazine (UK)* |  |
| *Midwest Record* |  |
| *No Depression* |  |

***Two Thousand Miles*** is the fourth album by American singer/songwriter Owen Temple. It was released in 2008 on El Paisano Records.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Owen Temple except as noted

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "You Want to Wear That Ring" | Temple, Wade Bowen | 3:47 |
| 2. | "Red Wine and Tequila" |  | 3:44 |
| 3. | "Swear It Off Again" |  | 4:01 |
| 4. | "Two Thousand Miles" |  | 3:45 |
| 5. | "Can't Drink Enough to Sing" | Temple, Jay Altizer | 3:51 |
| 6. | "Like We Still Care" |  | 4:11 |
| 7. | "I Just Can't Quit Loving You" |  | 3:16 |
| 8. | "Demolition Derby" |  | 3:19 |
| 9. | "You Don't Have to Be Lonely" |  | 4:38 |
| 10. | "The Pluto Blues" |  | 4:55 |
| 11. | "Rivers Run From Many Waters" |  | 5:30 |
| 12. | "On the Lonesome Road" |  | 3:23 |

## Credits

### Musicians

### Production

### Artwork

* Art Direction/Design by Shauna Dodds
* Photography by Eric Ryan Anderson
* Photography by Todd V. Wolfson

## Charts

| date | chart | position |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2008 | Freeform American Roots Chart | 11 |
| 2008 | Euro Americana Chart | 18 |
|
| 2008 | Roots Music Report Chart - Roots Country | 18 |
|

## Releases

| year | format | label | catalog # |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2008 | CD | El Paisano Records / Thirty Tigers | EPR CD 650178 |

## InfoBox

| Two Thousand Miles | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Owen Temple | |
| Released | 2008 |
| Recorded | Austin, Texas, January 2007 |
| Genre | Country |
| Length | 38:08 |
| Label | El Paisano |
| Producer | Lloyd Maines |
| Owen Temple chronology | |
| *Right Here and Now*
(2002) ***Two Thousand Miles***
(2008) *Dollars and Dimes*
(2009) | |


title: Pelargoderus waigeuensis

abstract: Pelargoderus waigeuensis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Gilmour in 1956. It is known from Moluccas.

text:
# Pelargoderus waigeuensis

***Pelargoderus waigeuensis*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Gilmour in 1956. It is known from Moluccas.

## InfoBox

| *Pelargoderus waigeuensis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Suborder: | Polyphaga |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | ***Pelargoderus*** |
| Species: | ***P. waigeuensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pelargoderus waigeuensis***<br>Gilmour, 1956 | |
|


title: Wheat Ridge, Colorado

abstract: The City of Wheat Ridge is a home rule municipality located in Jefferson County, Colorado, United States. Wheat Ridge is located immediately west of Denver and is a part of the Denver–Aurora–Lakewood, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area. The Wheat Ridge Municipal Center is approximately 5 miles (8 km) west-northwest of the Colorado State Capitol in Denver. The city had a population of 32,398 as of the 2020 Census.

text:
# Wheat Ridge, Colorado

The **City of Wheat Ridge** is a home rule municipality located in Jefferson County, Colorado, United States. Wheat Ridge is located immediately west of Denver and is a part of the Denver–Aurora–Lakewood, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area. The Wheat Ridge Municipal Center is approximately 5 miles (8 km) west-northwest of the Colorado State Capitol in Denver. The city had a population of 32,398 as of the 2020 Census.

## History

Although Wheat Ridge is a relatively young incorporated city, it has a history based on agriculture and the community's location along regional travel routes. It grew from a popular rest stop for travelers during the Gold Rush of the late 1850s to an agricultural and suburban community known as the “Carnation City” in the mid 1900s. As the residential areas of unincorporated Jefferson County grew to provide housing to the Denver workforce during the 1950s, the major transportation corridors extending from Denver developed with commercial services. During that era, the formation of numerous utility and fire protection districts provided these unincorporated areas with urban services. Eventually, due to the increasing annexation pressure from nearby municipalities, Wheat Ridge incorporated in 1969.

## Geography

Wheat Ridge is located at the junction of Interstate 70 and Colorado State Highway 391 in central Colorado, the city is immediately west of Denver and 66 miles (106 km) north-northwest of Colorado Springs.

Wheat Ridge is located in the Colorado Piedmont on the western edge of the Great Plains just east of the Front Range of the Southern Rocky Mountains. Clear Creek, a tributary of the South Platte River, flows east then northeast through the city. Lena Gulch, a tributary of Clear Creek, flows northeast through the southwest part of the city.

There are several small lakes and reservoirs in Wheat Ridge. Crown Hill Lake, Kestrel Pond, and North Henry Lee Reservoir are located in the south-central part of the city. West Lake, Tabor Lake, and Prospect Lake are located along Clear Creek in the west-central part of the city.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 9.55 square miles (24.7 km2) of which 9.30 square miles (24.1 km2) is land and 0.25 square miles (0.65 km2) of it (2.6%) is water.

As a suburb of Denver, Wheat Ridge is part of both the greater Denver metropolitan area and the Front Range Urban Corridor. It borders other communities on all sides including: Arvada to the north; Lakeside, Mountain View, and Denver to the east; Edgewater to the southeast; Lakewood to the south; Applewood to the southwest; and Fairmount to the northwest.

### Climate

The climate is described as Humid Continental by the Köppen Climate System, abbreviated as *Dfb*.

| Climate data for Wheat Ridge, Colorado, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–present | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 78
(26) | 79
(26) | 84
(29) | 92
(33) | 97
(36) | 103
(39) | 103
(39) | 102
(39) | 100
(38) | 94
(34) | 84
(29) | 75
(24) | 103
(39) |
| Mean maximum °F (°C) | 68.8
(20.4) | 69.3
(20.7) | 76.4
(24.7) | 81.5
(27.5) | 88.4
(31.3) | 95.6
(35.3) | 98.3
(36.8) | 95.8
(35.4) | 92.7
(33.7) | 85.2
(29.6) | 75.0
(23.9) | 68.1
(20.1) | 98.6
(37.0) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 47.2
(8.4) | 48.3
(9.1) | 56.6
(13.7) | 61.9
(16.6) | 70.9
(21.6) | 82.5
(28.1) | 88.2
(31.2) | 86.3
(30.2) | 79.0
(26.1) | 66.0
(18.9) | 54.8
(12.7) | 46.6
(8.1) | 65.7
(18.7) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 32.2
(0.1) | 33.3
(0.7) | 41.2
(5.1) | 47.5
(8.6) | 56.7
(13.7) | 66.8
(19.3) | 72.5
(22.5) | 70.4
(21.3) | 62.1
(16.7) | 49.8
(9.9) | 39.4
(4.1) | 31.6
(−0.2) | 50.3
(10.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 17.1
(−8.3) | 18.3
(−7.6) | 25.9
(−3.4) | 33.0
(0.6) | 42.5
(5.8) | 51.1
(10.6) | 56.8
(13.8) | 54.5
(12.5) | 45.2
(7.3) | 33.6
(0.9) | 23.9
(−4.5) | 16.7
(−8.5) | 34.9
(1.6) |
| Mean minimum °F (°C) | −1.0
(−18.3) | 1.4
(−17.0) | 10.4
(−12.0) | 19.5
(−6.9) | 29.4
(−1.4) | 40.9
(4.9) | 50.0
(10.0) | 46.7
(8.2) | 33.5
(0.8) | 19.0
(−7.2) | 7.8
(−13.4) | −1.1
(−18.4) | −6.7
(−21.5) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −21
(−29) | −23
(−31) | −8
(−22) | 4
(−16) | 19
(−7) | 33
(1) | 40
(4) | 37
(3) | 14
(−10) | 2
(−17) | −8
(−22) | −24
(−31) | −24
(−31) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 0.64
(16) | 0.78
(20) | 1.48
(38) | 2.31
(59) | 2.65
(67) | 1.67
(42) | 1.88
(48) | 1.60
(41) | 1.34
(34) | 1.22
(31) | 0.92
(23) | 0.62
(16) | 17.11
(435) |
| Average snowfall inches (cm) | 9.6
(24) | 11.9
(30) | 12.9
(33) | 12.1
(31) | 2.2
(5.6) | 0.0
(0.0) | 0.0
(0.0) | 0.0
(0.0) | 1.0
(2.5) | 5.9
(15) | 10.0
(25) | 9.9
(25) | 75.5
(191.1) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 5.1 | 6.0 | 7.1 | 9.1 | 10.3 | 8.3 | 8.8 | 8.3 | 6.9 | 6.0 | 5.9 | 4.9 | 86.7 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | 5.7 | 6.3 | 5.9 | 5.0 | 1.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 2.2 | 5.0 | 5.7 | 37.6 |
| Source 1: NOAA | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Source 2: National Weather Service | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1960 | 21,619 |  |  |
| 1970 | 29,778 |  | 37.7% |
| 1980 | 30,293 |  | 1.7% |
| 1990 | 29,419 |  | −2.9% |
| 2000 | 32,913 |  | 11.9% |
| 2010 | 30,166 |  | −8.3% |
| 2020 | 32,398 |  | 7.4% |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |

As of the 2010 census, there were 30,166 people, 13,976 households, and 7,489 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,243.7 inhabitants per square mile (1,252.4/km2). There were 14,868 housing units at an average density of 1,598.7 per square mile (617.3/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 85.6% White, 1.6% Asian, 1.2% African American, 1.2% American Indian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 6.9% from other races, and 3.4% from two or more races. Hispanics and Latinos of any race were 20.9% of the population.

There were 13,976 households, out of which 23.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.5% were married couples living together, 5.4% had a male householder with no wife present, 11.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 46.4% were non-families. 38.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.12, and the average family size was 2.81.

The distribution of the population by age was 18.7% under the age of 18, 7.3% from 18 to 24, 25.7% from 25 to 44, 29.7% from 45 to 64, and 18.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43.7 years. The gender makeup of the city was 48.6% male and 51.4% female.

The median income for a household in the city was $47,014, and the median income for a family was $59,275. Males had a median income of $45,655 versus $36,741 for females. The city's per capita income was $28,372. About 8.7% of families and 10.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.7% of those under age 18 and 6.3% of those age 65 or over.

## Economy

As of 2013, 65.2% of the population over the age of 16 was in the labor force. 0.2% was in the armed forces, and 65.0% was in the civilian labor force with 58.7% employed and 6.3% unemployed. The occupational composition of the employed civilian labor force was: 37.3% in management, business, science, and arts; 26.2% in sales and office occupations; 18.5% in service occupations; 10.6% in production, transportation, and material moving; 7.4% in natural resources, construction, and maintenance. The three industries employing the largest percentages of the working civilian labor force were: educational services, health care, and social assistance (21.4%); professional, scientific, and management, and administrative and waste management services (12.3%); retail trade (12.1%).

The cost of living in Wheat Ridge is above average; compared to a U.S. average of 100, the cost of living index for the community is 108.5. As of 2013, the median home value in the city was $237,500, the median selected monthly owner cost was $1,556 for housing units with a mortgage and $406 for those without, and the median gross rent was $820.

### Agriculture

Until the 1960s, the city's identity was primarily defined by mid to large-scale agricultural production. Orchards and crop fields were the predominant use with pockets of homes and businesses located amongst the agrarian landscape. Glimpses into the city's agricultural past can still be found, however Wheat Ridge has experienced substantial population growth and development over the last 40 years and is largely built out with a combination of residential, commercial, and office uses.

Recent zoning changes have allowed for urban agriculture to see a resurgence in all parts of the city. City regulations allow homeowners to engage in a range of urban agricultural activities, including growing and selling produce and keeping animals such as bees and chickens. City Council adopted Ordinance 1491 in May 2011 which supports urban agriculture in Wheat Ridge. This ordinance updated the city's regulations so that community gardens (under the category of “urban gardens”), farmers’ markets, and produce stands are now allowed in any zone district.

**A summary of the three uses permitted in each zone district may be found below.**

* Urban Gardens – an urban garden is defined as an area of land formally managed, organized, and maintained by an individual or group of individuals to grow and harvest food crops or non-food ornamental crops, such as flowers. Common examples of urban gardens include: • Community gardens, where plots of land are leased for a minimal cost and crops are usually consumed or donated • Market gardens, where crops are sold for profit • Community supported agriculture (CSA), where crops are sold or donated for shareholder consumption Urban gardens are allowed in all zone districts, including residential.
* Farmers’ Markets – farmers' markets are allowed in any zone district, except in residential zone districts on properties where the primary use is a single- or two-family home. Farmers’ markets require a business license, which you may apply for through the city's Sales Tax Division.
* Produce Stands - a produce stand is a temporary structure where agricultural products such as raw vegetables, fruits, herbs, flowers, plants, nuts, honey, and eggs are sold. Value-added agricultural products which are made from raw agricultural products such as jams and jellies may also be sold from produce stands. Produce stands require a business license, which you may apply for through the city's Sales Tax Division. Produce stands on residential properties must also follow the rules for home occupations.

## Community development

Wheat Ridge has seen a resurgence in community development efforts focused on improving the social connections between community members as well as improving the built environment in the city to better facilitate these connections.

### Wheat Ridge Envision Wheat Ridge Comprehensive Plan

Following direction from the City Council, the City embarked on a Comprehensive Plan Update that began in the fall of 2008. The City hired a consultant, Clarion Associates, with the expertise in comprehensive plan development to assist the City in updating the plan. In addition, the City formed a Citizens Advisory Committee to provide advice and feedback to the Planning Commission and City Council on the development of the Plan. On October 12, 2009, City Council approved a resolution, Resolution 52–2009, adopting the Envision Wheat Ridge Comprehensive Plan.

## Culture

### Points of interest

Wheat Ridge is home to the James H. Baugh House, which is listed in the National Register of Historic Places and the Colorado State Register of Historic Properties. The Baugh House is an 1860 hand-hewn log cabin encased in a circa 1904 frame farmhouse, and is one of several historic structures in the Wheat Ridge Historic Park. The Wheat Ridge Historical Society, in cooperation with the Colorado Historical Society and the City of Wheat Ridge, restored the house, which was designated on August 14, 2012.

## Notable people

Notable individuals who were born in or have lived in Wheat Ridge include actor and singer Dean Reed, Jolly Rancher founders Bill and Dorothy Harmsen, NASA astronaut Matthew Dominick, and U.S. Olympic cyclist Linda Brenneman.

## InfoBox

| Wheat Ridge, Colorado | |
| --- | --- |
| Home rule municipality | |
| City of Wheat Ridge | |
| Wheat Ridge Municipal Building | |
|  | |
| Location of the City of Wheat Ridge in Jefferson County, Colorado. | |
| Wheat RidgeLocation of the City of Wheat Ridge in the United States. | |
| Coordinates: 39°45′58″N 105°04′38″W / 39.76611°N 105.07722°W / 39.76611; -105.07722 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Colorado |
| County | Jefferson County |
| City | Wheat Ridge |
| Incorporated | June 17, 1969 |
| Area | |
| Total | 9.58 sq mi (24.8 km2) |
| Land | 9.34 sq mi (24.2 km2) |
| Water | 0.24 sq mi (0.6 km2) |
| Elevation | 5,459 ft (1,664 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 32,398 |
| Density | 3,400/sq mi (1,300/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC−7 (MST) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC−6 (MDT) |
| ZIP codes | 80212, 80214, 80215, 80033, 80034 |
| Area code(s) | 303, 720 |
| FIPS code | 08-84440 |
| GNIS feature ID | 202840 |
| Interstate highway |  |
| State highways |  |
| Commuter rail |  |
| Website | www.ci.wheatridge.co.us |


title: Uwe Schneider

abstract: Uwe Schneider is a German former footballer. Since 2008 he works as an athletic director for FC 08 Villingen.

text:
# Uwe Schneider

**Uwe Schneider** (born 28 August 1971) is a German former footballer. Since 2008 he works as an athletic director for FC 08 Villingen.

## Honours

**VfB Stuttgart**

## InfoBox

Uwe Schneider
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1971-08-28) 28 August 1971 | | |
| Place of birth | Germany | | |
| Height | 1.77 m (5 ft 10 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Defender | | |
| Youth career | | | |
|  | Eintracht Frankfurt | | |
|  | 1. FC Nürnberg | | |
|  | VfB Stuttgart | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1990–1994 | VfB Stuttgart | 72 | (0) |
| 1994–1995 | VfL Bochum | 11 | (0) |
| 1996 | Hannover 96 | 12 | (0) |
| 1996–1998 | 1. FC Nürnberg | 20 | (0) |
| 1998–2000 | Eintracht Frankfurt | 16 | (0) |
| 2000–2003 | VfR Aalen | 42 | (2) |
| 2003 | Zagłębie Lubin |  |  |
| 2004–2005 | Borussia Fulda |  |  |
| International career | | | |
| 1991–1992 | Germany U-21 | 7 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Leventritt Silver Ribbon Pairs

abstract: The Leventritt Silver Ribbon Pairs national bridge championship is held at the spring American Contract Bridge League (ACBL) North American Bridge Championship (NABC). The Leventritt Silver Ribbon Pairs is a four session matchpoint (MP) pairs event with two qualifying and two final sessions. The event typically starts on the first Sunday of the NABC.

text:
# Leventritt Silver Ribbon Pairs

The **Leventritt Silver Ribbon Pairs** national bridge championship is held at the spring American Contract Bridge League (ACBL) North American Bridge Championship (NABC).

The Leventritt Silver Ribbon Pairs is a four session matchpoint (MP) pairs event with two qualifying and two final sessions. The event typically starts on the first Sunday of the NABC.

## History

The Silver Ribbon Pairs is an event open only to players who are at least 55 years old and who have pre-qualified by placing first or second in a regional or national-rated senior event.

The Silver Ribbon Pairs consists of two qualifying and two final sessions. The winners will have their names inscribed on the Leventritt Trophy and will receive a certificate of recognition.

The trophy honors Peter Leventritt of New York, ACBL president in 1954 and assistant treasurer 1945–46. He served as president of the Greater New York Bridge Association and the Card School of New York, which he co-founded. Leventritt (1915–1997) pioneered the use of the Schenken System in partnership with its inventor, Howard Schenken. He represented North America in the Bermuda Bowl and placed second in 1957, 1961, 1963 and 1965.

## Winners

Winners of Leventritt Silver Ribbon Pairs
| Year | Winners | Runners-up |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1992 | James Leary, S. Irving Steinfeldt | George Rosenkranz, Fred Hamilton |
| 1993 | Joan Remey Moore, Helen Shanbrom | Corinne Kirkham, Jim Kirkham |
| 1994 | Virgil Anderson, Jayne Thomas | Betty Wilton, Herb Wilton |
| 1995 | Gene Freed, Peter Benjamin | Lloyd Loux, Marge Cox |
| 1996 | Phil Karani, Martin Hoffman | Ed Lewis, Frank King |
| 1997 | Chuck Said, John Russell | Becky Rogers, Nell Cahn |
| 1998 | Eli Borok, Bill Sides | Dudley Brown, Richard Budd |
| 1999 | Jim Kirkham, Corinne Kirkham | Gerald Caravelli, Godfrey Chang |
| 2000 | Rhoda Walsh, Charles Coon | Gerald Caravelli, Marc Low |
| 2001 | Fred Hamilton, Steve Catlett | Ethan Stein, Gerald Caravelli |
| 2002 | Marilyn Hemenway, Mike Albert | Diane Shannon, Donald Rothschild |
| 2003 | Roger Lord, Alan Popkin | John Russell, Bernace DeYoung |
| 2004 | Joseph Godefrin, Ed Schulte | Jerry Premo, G. Gard Hays |
| 2005 | Marla Chaikin, Bill Esberg | John Zilic, Thomas Peters |
| 2006 | Lew Finkel, Gaylor Kasle | William Esberg, Marla Chaikin |
| 2007 | Allan Siebert, Alan Stout | Charles Nemes, Martin Morris |
| 2008 | Sheldon Kirsch, Morrie Kleinplatz | Gaylor Kasle, Lew Finkel |
| 2009 | Dan Suty, Jim Hilton | Gaylor Kasle, Lew Finkel |
| 2010 | Gloria Bart, Les Bart | Rob Crawford, Hadi Allahverdian |
| 2011 | Richard DeMartino, John Stiefel | Tom Kniest, Don Stack |
| 2012 | Fred Hamilton, Jim Sternberg | Lloyd Arvedon, Sheila Gabay |
| 2013 | Mike Cappelletti, Richard Wieland | Richard Brown, Hugh Brown Jr. |
| 2014 | Bernie Yomtov, Allen Hawkins | Allan Siebert, Don Caton |
| 2015 | Bruce Noda, Mark Ralph | Les Bart, Gloria Bart |
| 2016 | Dave Westfall, Craig Zastera | Mark Cohen, Bill Pollack |
| 2017 | David Hampton, Bill Marshall | Don Lowry, Hal Montgomery |
| 2018 | Michael Heymann, Richard Chan | Gail Greenberg, Jeff Hand |
| 2019 | Peter Gelfand, Mark itabashi | Craig Biddle, Bernie Greenspan |
| 2024 | Craig Robinson, Robert Fendrick | Stephen Sanborn, Kerri Sanborn |

Other sources

"ACBL - NABC Winners". *acbl.com*. ACBL. Archived from the original on 4 February 2012. Retrieved 15 November 2013.

List of previous winners, Page 4. *Daily Bulletin* (PDF), vol. 52–3, March 15, 2009, archived from the original (PDF) on November 29, 2014

2009 winners, Page 1. *Daily Bulletin* (PDF), vol. 52–5, March 17, 2009, archived from the original (PDF) on December 16, 2014

2010 winners, Page 1. *Daily Bulletin* (PDF), vol. 53–5, March 16, 2010

ACBL Database - Leventritt Silver Ribbon Pairs Winners


title: Weak in the Presence of Beauty (song)

abstract: "Weak in the Presence of Beauty" is a song written by Michael Ward and Rob Clarke, and originally recorded by their band, Floy Joy. It was released in 1986 as the lead single from their album of the same name. In 1987, English singer Alison Moyet released a version of the song which was a hit across Europe and Australasia.

text:
# Weak in the Presence of Beauty (song)

"**Weak in the Presence of Beauty**" is a song written by Michael Ward and Rob Clarke, and originally recorded by their band, Floy Joy. It was released in 1986 as the lead single from their album of the same name. In 1987, English singer Alison Moyet released a version of the song which was a hit across Europe and Australasia.

## Floy Joy version

"Weak in the Presence of Beauty" marked a new beginning for Floy Joy as the band had undergone line-up changes since the release of their 1984 debut album *Into the Hot*. Both lead vocalist Carroll Thompson and founding member Shaun Ward left the group in 1985. Michael Ward decided to continue as Floy Joy, with the band's percussionist and backing vocalist Desy Campbell becoming the lead singer and multi-instrumentalist Rob Clarke joining the group.

"Weak in the Presence of Beauty" was released in January 1986 as the lead single from their upcoming album of the same name. The song reached No. 85 on the UK Singles Chart, but was a bigger success in Australia, reaching No. 29 on the Kent Music Report chart. In Canada, it reached No. 68 on the *RPM* 100 Singles chart and No. 14 on the *RPM* Adult Contemporary chart.

Speaking to *The Face* in 1986, Michael Ward revealed the song's title was inspired by a conversation he had with a girl. He said, "This girl was saying that she didn't trust me and I said, just off the cuff, 'What can I do, I'm weak in the presence of beauty'. I still don't know where it came from." In a later interview with *The Times*, Campbell was asked if he felt cheated that the song was a hit for Moyet, but not for Floy Joy. He said, "On the contrary, my association with that song has and continues to open many doors for me and I'm very proud to have been part of a little piece of pop history."

### Critical reception

On its release, *Billboard* wrote, "Floy Joy, much praised but barely charted (like Working Week), sound like they have the key to both the U.S. and U.K. charts with 'Weak in the Presence of Beauty', a Don Was production that's sort of Shannon-meets-"Every Breath You Take". Addictive." Anna Martin of *Number One* commented, "The reslease of 'Weak in the Presence of Beauty' sees Floy Joy adopting a slightly more melodious sound. Less thrash and more dash. One to watch." Jim Whiteford of the *Kilmarnock Standard* described the song as "a hummable, commercial ditty" and a "sweet mid-paced dancer" which he believed would gain chart success if it received some attention from radio.

### Track listing

7" single 1. "Weak in the Presence of Beauty" – 3:24
2. "You and Me" – 3:07

12" single 1. "Weak in the Presence of Beauty" (Extended Version) – 5:12
2. "You and Me" – 3:07

### Charts

| Chart (1986) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Australia (Kent Music Report) | 29 |
| Canada *RPM* Adult Contemporary | 14 |
| Canada *RPM* 100 Singles | 68 |
| UK Singles Chart | 85 |

## Alison Moyet version

| "Weak in the Presence of Beauty" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Alison Moyet | |
| from the album  *Raindancing* | |
| B-side | "To Work on You" |
| Released | February 1987 |
| Recorded | 1986 |
| Length | 3:37 |
| Label | CBS, Columbia |
| Songwriter(s) | * Michael Ward * Rob Clarke |
| Producer(s) | Jimmy Iovine |
| Alison Moyet singles chronology | |
| "Is This Love?"
(1986) "**Weak in the Presence of Beauty**"
(1987) "Ordinary Girl"
(1987) | |

In 1987, "Weak in the Presence of Beauty" was released by English singer Alison Moyet as the second single from her second studio album *Raindancing*. Her version became a hit in the UK and throughout Europe.

### Background

Following the release of her successful debut album *Alf*, Moyet decided to move to Los Angeles where she remained for almost a year. Once settled, Moyet's manager hired Jimmy Iovine to produce her second studio album. Aware of Floy Joy's "Weak in the Presence of Beauty", Moyet chose to record the song for the album. It was released as the second single from *Raindancing* in February 1987, and was also the second and final single from the album in the States, where it was released in August that year.

Moyet later revealed in 2004 that she only recorded the song as she knew it would be a hit single. Appearing on the *This Morning* show, Phillip Schofield asked Moyet why she disliked the song, to which she replied: "Oh, because I know how cynical I was being when I recorded it. I recorded it 'cause I knew it was a hit rather than the fact that I loved it, and that will teach me, you know? You have a massive hit with something you're not particularly fond of, and it's not a good feeling."

Later speaking to *The Quietus* in 2013, Moyet elaborated: "What I must say is that it's sometimes very easy to sit there and rescind responsibility, but sometimes I couldn't be arsed. That's the truth of it. We can all make the right choices, but sometimes we're just too lazy to. And sometimes I was just too lazy to do it myself. "Love Letters" and "Weak in the Presence of Beauty" – neither song I enjoy now – they're both my fault. I found them. That was when I was feeling smart, thinking that I knew what a hit was - I don't know what's a fucking hit! But they were hits, and now I'm forever to fucking sing them years later!" Speaking of both songs again in an interview with *The Electricity Club*, Moyet said: ""Love Letters" was me shooting myself in the foot! That was me being a show-off! That was me showing I had an A&R thing... "oh, I know what a hit is"! I did that twice, I did it with that and with "Weak in the Presence of Beauty"! Two times that I recorded songs knowing they were hits as opposed to the fact I loved them! I say that honestly, that's the only time I've ever recorded anything cynically!"

### Promotion

A music video was filmed to promote the single. It was directed by Pete Cornish and produced by Front Row Films.

### Critical reception

On its release, Paul Simper of *Number One* noted the "pleasant production and leisurely chorus" and Moyet's voice "blossoming in a discreetly unexpected way". Pete Clarke of *Smash Hits* praised Moyet's "superb voice" but added that "somebody's forgotten to give her a decent song this time around and there's nothing quite as sad as a voice in search of a tune." Barney Hoskyns of *New Musical Express* considered the song to be a "veritable hit" from the "Jimmy Iovine conveyor-belt". He felt it was "almost as bland and obvious" as "Is This Love?"

Lesley O'Toole of *Record Mirror* praised "Weak in the Presence of Beauty" as Floyjoy's "second finest song" behind "Until You Come Back to Me", but added that Moyet's version was a "lacklustre offering without the luscious tones of Desy Campbell". She felt the song had a "shimmer of class", but considered the "dodgy brass interlude" and "nauseating 'darling, I love you' ad libs" to make for a "dubious arrangement". Bobby Lynch of *The Kerryman*, who stated that Floy Joy's "brilliant" original should have been a hit, commented, "Not an obvious single for Moyet to record but the production is pleasant and its different." US magazine *Billboard* considered it to be a "potential hit" and commented on the "loping melody and feel" which "shouldn't be overlooked". *Cash Box* praised Moyet's "powerhouse performance" on the track.

In a review of *Raindancing*, *Spin* singled out the song as a "tangible effort to push Moyet into the 'til tuesday camp of semisweet pop". *Musician* wrote, "Moyet's interpretive gifts have grown, and Iovine's understated production takes pains not to get in the way, which is why the likes of 'Sleep Like Breathing' or 'Weak in the Presence of Beauty' hold such lasting allure." Josh Lee of *Attitude* retrospectively commented, "Big choruses that demand to be sung along to don't come more insistent than 'Is This Love?' and 'Weak in the Presence of Beauty'." In a 2015 retrospective on Moyet's career, *Classic Pop* included the song as one of their twenty favourite Alison Moyet tracks and stated, "She disowned it; we loved it."

### Track listings

7" single 1. "Weak in the Presence of Beauty" - 3:37
2. "To Work on You" - 4:13

12" single #1 1. "Weak in the Presence of Beauty" (Extended Remix) – 6:04
2. "Weak in the Presence of Beauty" (Single Version) - 3:37
3. "To Work on You" - 4:13

12" single #2 1. "Weak in the Presence of Beauty" (Extended Remix) – 6:04
2. "To Work on You" - 4:13
3. "Take My Imagination To Bed" - 3:41

### Weekly charts

Weekly chart performance for Alison Moyet's cover
| Chart (1987) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Australia (Kent Music Report) | 30 |
| Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders) | 18 |
| Germany (Official German Charts) | 18 |
| Ireland (IRMA) | 4 |
| Netherlands (Dutch Top 40) | 16 |
| Netherlands (Single Top 100) | 25 |
| New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ) | 7 |
| Norway (VG-lista) | 4 |
| Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade) | 23 |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 6 |

### Year-end charts

1987 year-end chart performance for Alison Moyet's cover
| Chart (1987) | Position |
| --- | --- |
| Europe (Eurochart Hot 100 Singles) | 91 |

## Eddie & the Tide version

In 1987, American band Eddie & the Tide released a Keith Olsen-produced version as the lead single from their third studio album *Looking for Adventure*. The song's music video was directed by John Jopson and produced by Michael Segel. It achieved breakout rotation on MTV. In a review of the band's version, *Cash Box* described it as "a classic-sounding pop/rocker with hooks and a clean, commercial sheen that sparkles". *Billboard* considered it to be "mainstream, midtempo album rock". *The Hard Report* noted the "straight on assault at the hit single" with the track and added, "We rate it safe but soulful, a la Huey Lewis meets Eddie Money."

## InfoBox

| "Weak in the Presence of Beauty" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Floy Joy | |
| from the album  *Weak in the Presence of Beauty* | |
| B-side | "You and Me" |
| Released | 13 January 1986 |
| Length | 3:24 |
| Label | Virgin |
| Songwriter(s) | * Michael Ward * Rob Clarke |
| Producer(s) | Don Was |
| Floy Joy singles chronology | |
| "Operator"
(1985) "**Weak in the Presence of Beauty**"
(1986) "Friday Night in This Cold City"
(1986) | |


title: Tony Buzan

abstract: Anthony Peter "Tony" Buzan was an English author and educational consultant. Buzan popularised the idea of mental literacy, radiant thinking, and a technique called mind mapping, inspired by techniques used by Leonardo da Vinci, Albert Einstein, and Joseph D. Novak's "concept mapping" techniques.

text:
# Tony Buzan

**Anthony Peter "Tony" Buzan** (/ˈbzən/; 2 June 1942 – 13 April 2019) was an English author and educational consultant.

Buzan popularised the idea of mental literacy, radiant thinking, and a technique called mind mapping, inspired by techniques used by Leonardo da Vinci, Albert Einstein, and Joseph D. Novak's "concept mapping" techniques.

## Early life

Buzan was born in Palmers Green, Enfield, Middlesex, and was an alumnus of Kitsilano Secondary School in Vancouver. His brother is the academic Barry Buzan. Buzan completed his undergraduate studies in psychology, English, mathematics and science at the University of British Columbia, and was a charter student at Simon Fraser University in 1965–66 where he spent a year as a graduate student and the inaugural president of the Simon Fraser Student Society. During his time at SFU, Buzan became very involved in Mensa, going on to become editor of the *International Journal of Mensa*.

## Career

He was a promoter of mnemonic systems and mind mapping techniques. He launched his own software programme to support mind mapping called iMindMap in December 2006 with Welsh entrepreneur, Chris Griffiths. The Buzan Organisation holds trademarks on the phrase "Mind Maps" in the context of self-improvement educational courses in the UK, the USA and Germany. The trademark does not appear in the records of the Canadian Intellectual Property Office.

Following his 1970s series *Use Your Head* for the BBC, many of his ideas were set down in a series of five books: *Use Your Memory*, *Master Your Memory*, *Use Your Head*, *The Speed Reading Book* and *The Mind Map Book*. He was author or co-author of more than 80 books altogether. His five BBC books had, by 2003, sold over 3 million copies.

As a popular psychology author, Tony Buzan wrote on subjects relating to the brain, "genius quotient (GQ)", spiritual intelligence, memory, creativity and speed reading. He was the founder and President of the Brain Foundation (not to be confused with various medical-related bodies with the same name) and also the Brain Trust Charity, the World Memory Championships and the World Championships of the Brain. He was a co-founder of London's Mind Body Spirit Festival as well as the Mind Sports Olympiad, and World Brain Day.

He died aged 76 at John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford of a heart attack.

## Selected bibliography

* *Spore One – Structure in Hyperspace*, 25 September 1972, ISBN 0-85115-016-0
* *Use Your Head*, January 1974, ISBN 0-563-10790-1
* *Speed Memory*, 27 January 1977, ISBN 0-7153-7365-X
* *Make the Most of Your Mind*, February 1984, ISBN 0-671-49519-4
* *Speed Reading*, 20 May 1971, ISBN 0-7221-2119-9
* *Use Your Perfect Memory*, Plume Penguin Group, January 1991, ISBN 0-452-26606-8
* *Use Both Sides of Your Brain*, Plume Penguin Group, Jan 1991, ISBN 0-452-26603-3
* *The Mind Map Book*, 6 September 1993, ISBN 0-563-36373-8
* *Concordea*, December 2006
* *Requiem For Ted*, December 2006
* *Use Your Memory*, BBC Publications, ISBN 1-4066-1018-6
* *Master Your Memory*, BBC Publications, ISBN 1-4066-1022-4
* *The Memory Book*, BBC Publications, 2010, ISBN 978-1-4066-4426-5
* *Mind Maps for Business*, BBC Publications, 2010, ISBN 978-1-4066-4290-2
* *Brain Training for Kids*, Proactive Press, 2012, ISBN 978-1-908934-00-0
* *The Most Important Graph in the World*, Proactive Press, 2012, ISBN 978-1-908934-01-7
* *Modern Mind Mapping for Smarter Thinking e-book*, Proactive Press, March 2013

## InfoBox

| Tony Buzan | |
| --- | --- |
| Buzan in 2007 | |
| Born | Anthony Peter Buzan
(1942-06-02)2 June 1942
Palmers Green, Middlesex, United Kingdom |
| Died | 13 April 2019(2019-04-13) (aged 76)
John Radcliffe Hospital |
| Notable works | Use your head, The Speed Reading Book, The Mind Map Book, |
| Relatives | Barry Buzan Jean Buzan
Gordon Buzan |
| Website | |
| tonybuzan.com | |


title: Radermachera ramiflora

abstract: Radermachera ramiflora is a tree in the genus Radermachera of the family Bignoniaceae. The specific epithet ramiflora is from the Latin meaning "flowering on the branches".

text:
# Radermachera ramiflora

***Radermachera ramiflora*** is a tree in the genus *Radermachera* of the family Bignoniaceae. The specific epithet **ramiflora** is from the Latin meaning "flowering on the branches".

## Description

*Radermachera ramiflora* grows up to 30 metres (100 ft) tall, with a trunk diameter of up to 30 centimetres (12 in). The bark is greyish. The flowers are yellow. The fruits are straight or twisted and measure up to 70 cm (30 in) long.

## Distribution and habitat

*Radermachera ramiflora* is endemic to Malaysian Borneo where it is confined to Sabah state. Its habitat is in rainforest and on hillsides, typically on ultramafic soils, from sea-level to 1,500 metres (5,000 ft) elevation.

## InfoBox

| *Radermachera ramiflora* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Vulnerable  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Lamiales |
| Family: | Bignoniaceae |
| Genus: | *Radermachera* |
| Species: | ***R. ramiflora*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Radermachera ramiflora***
Steenis | |
|


title: Quebec Route 385

abstract: Route 385 is a provincial highway located in the Côte-Nord region in eastern Quebec. The highway runs from the junction of Route 138 in Forestville and ends over 80 kilometers further north into large wooded areas which the main purpose of the road is for the wood industry in the Côte-Nord region.

text:
# Quebec Route 385

**Route 385** is a provincial highway located in the Côte-Nord region in eastern Quebec. The highway runs from the junction of Route 138 in Forestville and ends over 80 kilometers further north into large wooded areas which the main purpose of the road is for the wood industry in the Côte-Nord region.

## Towns along Route 385

1. Ministère des transports, "Distances routières", page (?), Les Publications du Québec, 2005

## InfoBox

| Route 385 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Route information | |
| Maintained by Transports Québec | |
| Length | 84 km (52 mi) |
| Major junctions | |
| South end | R-138 in Forestville |
| North end | Labrieville |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | Quebec |
| Major cities | Forestville |
|  | |
| Highway system | |
|  | |
| R-382   R-386 | |


title: Tyndarion (tyrant)

abstract: Tyndarion was a tyrant of Tauromenium, Magna Graecia, in Sicily, who invited Pyrrhus over from Italy in 278 BCE. Pyrrhus directed his course first to Tauromenium, and received reinforcements from Tyndarion.

text:
# Tyndarion (tyrant)

**Tyndarion** (Greek: Τυνδαρίων) was a tyrant of Tauromenium (modern Taormina), Magna Graecia, in Sicily, who invited Pyrrhus over from Italy in 278 BCE. Pyrrhus directed his course first to Tauromenium, and received reinforcements from Tyndarion. (Diod. *Ecl.* viii. p. 495 ; comp. Plut. *Pyrrh.* 23; Droysen, *Geschichte des Hellenismus*, vol. ii. p. 150)

* This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Smith, William, ed. (1870). *Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology*. `{{cite encyclopedia}}`: Missing or empty `|title=` (help)


title: Lü Meng's invasion of Jing Province

abstract: Lü Meng's invasion of Jing Province was fought between the warlords Sun Quan and Liu Bei in the winter of 219–220 in the late Eastern Han dynasty. Sun Quan's forces, led by Lü Meng, invaded Liu Bei's territories in southern Jing Province, which covered present-day Hubei and Hunan. The campaign occurred after the Battle of Fancheng and concluded with victory for Sun Quan's forces, who completely captured all of Liu Bei's territories. Guan Yu, Liu Bei's general guarding those territories, was captured and executed by Sun Quan's forces. The fall of Jing Province and Guan Yu's death provided the trigger for the Battle of Xiaoting between Liu Bei and Sun Quan between 221 and 222.

text:
# Lü Meng's invasion of Jing Province

| Lü Meng's invasion of Jing Province | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Traditional Chinese | 呂蒙攻取荊州之戰 |
| Simplified Chinese | 吕蒙攻取荆州之战 |
| Transcriptions  Standard Mandarin  Hanyu Pinyin Lǚ Méng Gōngqǔ Jīngzhōu Zhī Zhàn  Yue: Cantonese  Jyutping Leoi5 Mung4 Gung1ceoi2 Ging1zau1 Zi1 Zin3 | |
|  | |

**Lü Meng's invasion of Jing Province** was fought between the warlords Sun Quan and Liu Bei in the winter of 219–220 in the late Eastern Han dynasty. Sun Quan's forces, led by Lü Meng, invaded Liu Bei's territories in southern Jing Province, which covered present-day Hubei and Hunan. The campaign occurred after the Battle of Fancheng and concluded with victory for Sun Quan's forces, who completely captured all of Liu Bei's territories. Guan Yu, Liu Bei's general guarding those territories, was captured and executed by Sun Quan's forces. The fall of Jing Province and Guan Yu's death provided the trigger for the Battle of Xiaoting between Liu Bei and Sun Quan between 221 and 222.

## Background

### Sun Quan "lending" Jing Province to Liu Bei

In 210, Liu Bei travelled to Jing (京; present-day Zhenjiang, Jiangsu) to meet Sun Quan and make a request for the governorship of Jing Province. Lu Su advised Sun Quan to "lend" Nan Commandery (南郡; around present-day Jingzhou, Hubei), the administrative centre of southern Jing Province, to Liu Bei to strengthen the Sun–Liu alliance against their common rival, Cao Cao. He argued that since Sun Quan's forces had just recently occupied Nan Commandery after the Battle of Jiangling, they would not be able to defend Nan Commandery well if Cao Cao's forces attacked, so it would be better to "lend" it to Liu Bei and let him serve as a "buffer" against Cao Cao. Sun Quan then agreed to "lend" Nan Commandery to Liu Bei. Sun Quan also decided to have his younger sister, Lady Sun, marry Liu Bei to further strengthen the alliance between the two kingdoms.

In the meantime, Liu Bei had also conquered the four commanderies of Wuling (武陵; around present-day Changde, Hunan), Changsha (長沙), Guiyang (桂陽; around present-day Chenzhou, Hunan) and Lingling (零陵; around present-day Yongzhou, Hunan) so he effectively controlled all the territories in southern Jing Province by 211.

### Sun–Liu territorial dispute

Between 212 and 214, Liu Bei embarked on a campaign to seize control of Yi Province (covering present-day Sichuan and Chongqing) from its governor, Liu Zhang. He left Guan Yu behind to guard his territories in Jing Province during his absence.

At the time, tensions were rising at the Sun–Liu border in Jing Province as both sides became more suspicious and wary of each other. Around July 215, Sun Quan asked Liu Bei to "return" three commanderies in southern Jing Province – Changsha, Lingling and Guiyang – since the latter already had a new base in Yi Province. When Liu Bei refused, Sun Quan decided to seize the three commanderies by force. He stationed himself at Lukou (陸口; at Lushui Lake near present-day Chibi, Hubei) while ordering Lü Meng to lead troops to attack the three commanderies and Lu Su to lead 10,000 troops to Yiyang to block Guan Yu. After Lü Meng succeeded in capturing Lingling by trickery and persuading the administrators of Changsha and Guiyang to surrender to Sun Quan's side, he then led his troops to Yiyang to reinforce Lu Su. When Liu Bei heard about it, he returned to Gong'an County and ordered Guan Yu to lead an army to stop Lü Meng.

During this time, Guan Yu had a standoff with Lu Su at Yiyang, where he planned to lead 5,000 elite soldiers to cross the upstream shallows at night. In response, Lu Su ordered Gan Ning to lead 1,000 troops to guard their side of the shallows. Guan Yu did not dare to cross the shallows and instead ordered his men to make camp on their side. The shallows were thus named 'Guan Yu's Shallows' (關羽瀨).

Lu Su and Guan Yu then held talks to discuss the territorial dispute. During the negotiations, both sides stationed their soldiers more than 100 paces away from the meeting area and the officers present at the talks were each armed with only a blade weapon. Although the talks were inconclusive, the territorial dispute eventually ended by the end of August 215 when Liu Bei decided to give in upon learning that Cao Cao was attacking Hanzhong Commandery. As Hanzhong was the "northern gateway" into Yi Province, Cao Cao would pose a greater threat to Liu Bei's base in Yi Province if he succeeded in conquering Hanzhong, so Liu Bei had to switch to countering Cao Cao in Hanzhong. Liu Bei and Sun Quan then withdrew their forces after agreeing to divide southern Jing Province between them along the Xiang River.

### Battle of Fancheng

In August 219, following Liu Bei's victory over Cao Cao in the Hanzhong Campaign in June that year, Guan Yu decided to follow up by attacking Cao Cao's stronghold at Fancheng (樊城; present-day Fancheng District, Xiangyang, Hubei), which was guarded by Cao Ren. Cao Cao ordered Yu Jin to lead reinforcements to help Cao Ren. It was in autumn and there were heavy showers so the Han River flooded and destroyed Yu Jin's reinforcements. Yu Jin himself surrendered to Guan Yu while his subordinate Pang De refused and was executed.

After Yu Jin's defeat, Cao Cao considered relocating the imperial capital from Xu (許; present-day Xuchang, Henan) further north into Hebei because Xu was too near enemy territory. However, Sima Yi and Jiang Ji reminded him that Sun Quan would feel restless if Guan Yu managed to capture Fancheng since he already felt uneasy about Liu Bei's growing influence. They suggested to Cao Cao to ally with Sun Quan and get him to help them hinder Guan Yu's advances. In return, Cao Cao would make peace with Sun Quan and recognise the legitimacy of Sun Quan's claim over the territories in the Jiangdong region. Cao Cao heeded their advice and later ordered Xu Huang to lead reinforcements to help Cao Ren. Xu Huang broke through Guan Yu's encirclement and routed his forces on the battlefield, thus lifting the siege on Fancheng. Guan Yu withdrew his forces after seeing that he could not capture Fancheng.

### Guan Yu scorning Sun Quan

Earlier on, Sun Quan had sent a messenger to meet Guan Yu and propose a marriage between his son and Guan Yu's daughter. However, Guan Yu not only rejected the proposal, but also scolded and humiliated the messenger. Sun Quan was enraged.

After Yu Jin's surrender during the Battle of Fancheng, Guan Yu saw that his army lacked food supplies so he seized grain from one of Sun Quan's granaries at Xiang Pass (湘關).

## Lü Meng and Lu Xun putting Guan Yu off guard

When Lü Meng first heard that Guan Yu had led his troops to attack Fancheng, he wrote to Sun Quan:

> "When Guan Yu went to attack Fan, he left behind many backup forces because he was afraid that I would seize the territories in his absence. I am often ill. Now, I request to return to Jianye under the guise of seeking medical treatment. When Guan Yu learns that I have left Jing Province, he will definitely withdraw the backup forces and move all out towards Xiangyang. When that happens, our troops will sail along the river, travelling day and night, and swiftly attack the weakly defended territories. We can thus conquer Nan Commandery and capture Guan Yu."

Sun Quan agreed to Lü Meng's plan and played along by openly approving Lü Meng's request to return to Jianye for medical treatment.

After Lü Meng returned to Jianye, he recommended Lu Xun to replace him as the frontline commander of Sun Quan's forces in Jing Province. He explained that although Lu Xun was talented and capable of assuming great responsibilities, he was still a relative nobody at the time so Guan Yu would not be wary of him. Sun Quan then commissioned Lu Xun as a Lieutenant-General and ordered him to go to Jing Province to take up Lü Meng's post at Lukou (陸口; at Lushui Lake near present-day Chibi, Hubei).

When Lu Xun first assumed his new appointment at Lukou, he wrote to Guan Yu to flatter him:

> "Previously, I had the privilege of seeing you in action. You uphold good discipline in your army and achieved success with minimal effort. That is praiseworthy! Our enemy has been defeated. It is to our mutual benefit that we strengthen our alliance. Having received this piece of good news, I intend to pack up all my belongings and join you in striving to accomplish our lords' common goals. I am unintelligent, but I have received orders to travel to the west and take up this responsibility. I hope to catch a glimpse of your glory and receive some good advice from you."

Later, after Yu Jin surrendered to Guan Yu during the Battle of Fancheng, Lu Xun wrote again to Guan Yu:

> "Now that Yu Jin and others have been captured, everyone far and near rejoices, and your feat will be praised for generations. Neither Duke Wen of Jin's victory at Chengpu nor the Marquis of Huaiyin's strategy in conquering Zhao can be compared to your achievement. I heard that Xu Huang and his forces are approaching and preparing for an offensive. Cao Cao is very cunning and his intentions are difficult to predict. I am afraid he might secretly increase the number of troops (in Xu Huang's army) to achieve his aim. Even though the enemy is weary, they still have some fighting spirit left in them. Every time after scoring a victory, there is a tendency for us to underestimate the enemy. The best military leaders in ancient times maintained their defences even after they won battles. I hope that you can make grander plans to secure a total victory. I am but a scholar, negligent and slow, and unworthy in many aspects. I am pleased to have a majestic and virtuous neighbour like you; I cannot contain my excitement. Even though we have not worked together yet, I always hope for such an opportunity. If you require my attention, I will pay my fullest attention."

Guan Yu fell for the ruse and lowered his guard against Lu Xun.

## Invasion of Jing Province

Nan CommanderyGong'anFanchengLukouXunyangMaichengLinjuclass=notpageimage|Map of present-day Hubei showing key locations of the invasion of Jing Province: Nan Commandery, Gong'an, Fancheng, Lukou, Xunyang, Maicheng and Linju.

By November 219, Sun Quan had already secretly agreed to ally with Cao Cao against Liu Bei. He ordered Lü Meng and others to lead troops to invade Liu Bei's territories in Jing Province while he followed behind with reinforcements. At Xunyang (尋陽; present-day Huangmei County, Hubei), Lü Meng ordered his men to hide in vessels disguised as civilian and merchant ships and sail towards Jiangling, the capital of Nan Commandery. Along the way, Lü Meng employed infiltration tactics to disable the surveillance towers set up along the river so that Guan Yu would be unaware of the invasion. This event is called "crossing the river in civilian clothing" (白衣渡江) in the 14th-century historical novel *Romance of the Three Kingdoms*.

## Surrenders of Mi Fang and Shi Ren

When Guan Yu embarked on the Fancheng campaign, he left his subordinates Mi Fang and Shi Ren behind to defend his key bases in Jing Province – Nan Commandery (南郡; around present-day Jingzhou, Hubei) and Gong'an County. Guan Yu had all along treated Mi Fang and Shi Ren with contempt. During the Battle of Fancheng, when Mi Fang and Shi Ren failed to ensure that sufficient supplies were delivered to Guan Yu's army at the frontline, an annoyed Guan Yu remarked, "I will deal with them when I return." Mi Fang and Shi Ren felt very uneasy after that.

During the invasion of Jing Province, Lü Meng showed understanding towards Mi Fang and successfully induced him into surrendering Nan Commandery. Yu Fan, one of Sun Quan's advisers, also managed to persuade Shi Ren to give up resistance and surrender Gong'an County. Liu Bei's territories in Jing Province largely fell under Sun Quan's control after the surrenders of Mi Fang and Shi Ren.

## Guan Yu's capture and execution

By the time Guan Yu retreated from Fancheng, Sun Quan's forces had occupied Nan Commandery and Gong'an County, and captured the families of Guan Yu's soldiers. Lü Meng ordered his troops to treat the civilians well and ensure that they were not harmed. Most of Guan Yu's soldiers lost their fighting spirit and deserted and went back to Jing Province to reunite with their families.

Guan Yu knew that he had been isolated so he withdrew to Maicheng (麥城; present-day Maicheng Village, Lianghe Town, Dangyang, Hubei) and later headed west towards Zhang District (漳鄉). At Zhang District, his remaining men deserted him and surrendered to Sun Quan's forces. Sun Quan sent Zhu Ran and Pan Zhang to block Guan Yu from retreating further west to Yi Province. Guan Yu, along with his son Guan Ping and subordinate Zhao Lei (趙累), were captured alive by Pan Zhang's deputy, Ma Zhong (馬忠), in an ambush. Guan Yu and Guan Ping were later executed by Sun Quan's forces in Linju (臨沮; present-day Nanzhang County, Hubei).

## Aftermath

### Lu Xun's follow-up pacification of southern Jing Province

Although Sun Quan's forces successfully captured Guan Yu's key bases in southern Jing Province during the invasion, there were still some areas controlled by Liu Bei's forces or other forces hostile towards Sun Quan. Lu Xun followed up by sending his subordinates Li Yi (李異) and Xie Jing (謝旌) to lead 3,000 men to attack Liu Bei's forces led by Zhan Yan (詹晏) and Chen Feng (陳鳳). After Li Yi and Xie Jing defeated Zhan Yan and Chen Feng, they also attacked Fangling Commandery (房陵郡) and Nanxiang County (南鄉縣) respectively and captured these territories.

Wen Bu (文布) and Deng Kai (鄧凱), two influential men in Zigui County, rallied thousands of locals to form an army to attack Lu Xun in the west of southern Jing Province. In response, Lu Xun ordered Xie Jing to lead troops to attack them. After their defeat, Wen Bu and Deng Kai fled further west in Yi Province, where Liu Bei received them and appointed them as military officers. Lu Xun later managed to induce Wen Bu to lead his men to defect to Sun Quan's side.

### Battle of Xiaoting

Two years later in 221, Liu Bei personally led his forces to attack Sun Quan retake Jing Province and avenge Guan Yu. This led to the Battle of Xiaoting of 221–222 which ended with a decisive victory by Sun Quan's forces, under Lu Xun's command, over Liu Bei's forces.

## Order of battle

The campaign is featured as a playable stage in some installments of Koei's video game series *dynasty Warriors*, in which it is known as the "Battle of Mai Castle". In some installments this battle is merged with the Battle of Fan Castle into one single stage. Some of Sun Quan's generals, such as Cheng Pu and Gan Ning, who did not participate in the battle in history, appeared in this stage.

* Chen, Shou (3rd century). *Records of the Three Kingdoms* (*Sanguozhi*).
* de Crespigny, Rafe (2004). "Chapter 6: Struggle for Jing Province". *Generals of the South* (PDF) (internet ed.). Canberra: National Library of Australia. pp. 22–25. Retrieved 10 March 2018.
* Pei, Songzhi (5th century). *Annotations to Records of the Three Kingdoms* (*Sanguozhi zhu*).
* Sima, Guang (1084). *Zizhi Tongjian*.

## InfoBox

| Lü Meng's invasion of Jing Province | |
| --- | --- |
| Part of the end of the Han dynasty | |
|
A map of the Han dynasty in 219. Jing Province is located in the map's centre. | |
| Date c. November 219 – February 220  Location Jing Province, Han dynasty  Result  Sun Quan victory | |
| Belligerents | |
| Sun Quan | Liu Bei |
| Commanders and leaders | |
| Lü Meng
Lu Xun
Zhu Ran
Pan Zhang | Guan Yu
Guan Ping
Liao Hua (POW)
Zhao Lei (POW)
Mi Fang
Shi Ren
Pan Jun |


title: Pelargonium acetosum

abstract: Pelargonium acetosum, the sorrel cranesbill or sorrel-leaved pelargonium, is a species of flowering plant in the family Geraniaceae, native to the eastern Cape Provinces of South Africa. A perennial reaching 60 cm (24 in) with salmon‑pink flowers, it is available from commercial suppliers. The sour‑tasting young leaves are eaten in South Africa in a manner similar to sorrel.

text:
# Pelargonium acetosum

***Pelargonium acetosum***, the **sorrel cranesbill** or **sorrel-leaved pelargonium**, is a species of flowering plant in the family Geraniaceae, native to the eastern Cape Provinces of South Africa. A perennial reaching 60 cm (24 in) with salmonpink flowers, it is available from commercial suppliers. The sourtasting young leaves are eaten in South Africa in a manner similar to sorrel (*Rumex acetosa*).

## InfoBox

| *Pelargonium acetosum* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Flowers | |
|  | |
| Botanical illustration | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Geraniales |
| Family: | Geraniaceae |
| Genus: | *Pelargonium* |
| Species: | ***P. acetosum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pelargonium acetosum***<br>(L.) L'Hér. | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Ciconium acetosum* (L.) Hoffmanns. * *Geraniospermum acetosum* (L.) Kuntze * *Geranium acetosum* L. | |


title: When Smoke Rises

abstract: When Smoke Rises is the debut studio album by Canadian musician and poet Mustafa. It was released on May 28, 2021, through Mustafa's Regent Park Songs imprint. The album was produced by frequent collaborator and executive producer Frank Dukes with contributions from James Blake, Jamie xx, and Sampha, among others. The songs "Stay Alive", "Air Forces", "Ali", and "The Hearse" were released as singles prior to the album's release. The album is self-described as 'inner city folk music' and is thematically centered on Toronto's Regent Park community. The album was shortlisted for the 2021 Polaris Music Prize.

text:
# When Smoke Rises

***When Smoke Rises*** is the debut studio album by Canadian musician and poet Mustafa. It was released on May 28, 2021, through Mustafa's Regent Park Songs imprint. The album was produced by frequent collaborator and executive producer Frank Dukes with contributions from James Blake, Jamie xx, and Sampha, among others. The songs "Stay Alive", "Air Forces", "Ali", and "The Hearse" were released as singles prior to the album's release. The album is self-described as 'inner city folk music' and is thematically centered on Toronto's Regent Park community.

The album was shortlisted for the 2021 Polaris Music Prize.

## Production

Mustafa began working on demos in the late 2010s. Formal songwriting for the album began in 2019 in London with Swedish producer Simon Hessman also known as Simon on the Moon. Following the songwriting process, frequent collaborator Frank Dukes came in to produce the album. His production was inspired by the Smithsonian Folkways anthologies of Sudanese and Egyptian music which he samples throughout the record. Additionally, tracks on the album were produced by London-based musicians James Blake, who contributed to "Stay Alive" and "Come Back", and Jamie xx, who produced "Air Forces" and "The Hearse".

Mustafa has noted that the songwriting of the record was influenced by Richie Havens, Joni Mitchell, and Leonard Cohen, as well as Sufjan Stevens' 2015 album *Carrie & Lowell*.

The album's name is in reference to Smoke Dawg who is featured on the cover art alongside Mustafa.

## Release and promotion

Professional ratings
| Aggregate scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 79/100 |
| Review scores | |
| Source | Rating |
| *Evening Standard* |  |
| *Exclaim!* | 9/10 |
| *The Guardian* |  |
| *Pitchfork* | 7.3/10 |
| *Rolling Stone* |  |

*When Smoke Rises* was released on May 28, 2021, fourteen months after the first single "Stay Alive" was released. It was released independently by Mustafa under the name Regent Park Songs and distributed by Beggars Group. A limited edition of the album pressed as different color vinyl records was released by a number of independent record stores including Rough Trade and VMP (Vinyl Me, Please).

Mustafa appeared on *The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon* on May 27, 2021, to promote the release of the record. In the year leading up the release, Mustafa received significant press coverage, including profiles by *The New York Times*, *GQ Middle East*, *Pitchfork*, and *American Songwriter*.

Overall, the album received generally favorable review from critics, with particularly positive support from Canadian publications like *Exclaim!*

## Track listing

Songwriting credits adapted from SOCAN and liner notes.

*When Smoke Rises* track listing
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Producer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Stay Alive" |  |  | 3:01 |
| 2. | "Air Forces" |  |  | 2:58 |
| 3. | "Separate" | * Ahmed * cityboymoe * Feeney * Hessman | * Dukes * Hessman\[b\] | 2:27 |
| 4. | "The Hearse" |  |  | 2:04 |
| 5. | "Capo" (featuring Sampha) |  | Dukes | 2:55 |
| 6. | "Ali" | * Ahmed * Tavares * Feeney * Hessman |  | 3:12 |
| 7. | "What About Heaven" | * Ahmed * Dylan Wiggins * Feeney * Hessman |  | 3:38 |
| 8. | "Come Back" | * Ahmed * Feeney * Blake | * Dukes * Blake | 3:12 |
| Total length: | | | | 23:42 |

Japanese edition (bonus tracks)
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 9. | "Come Back" (Live) (featuring James Blake) | * Ahmed * Feeney * Blake |  |
| 10. | "Ali" (Live) | * Ahmed * Tavared * Feeney * Hessman |  |
| 11. | "Stay Alive" (Live) (featuring James Blake) | * Ahmed * cityboymoe * Feeney * Hessman |  |

**Notes**

* **^\[a\]**  signifies a co-producer.
* **^\[b\]**  signifies an additional producer.
* "Stay Alive" features backing vocals by Sampha.
* "Air Forces" features uncredited background vocals by Frank Dukes.
* "Separate" features additional vocals from Fatima Ali and cityboymoe.
* "What About Heaven" features backing vocals by Sampha.
* "Come Back" features backing vocals by James Blake.

**Sample credits**

## Personnel

Adapted from TIDAL, Jaxsta, and liner notes.

**Musicians**

* Mustafa – vocals
* Ben Reed – bass guitar ("Separate", "What About Heaven")
* cityboymoe – additional vocals ("Separate")
* David Wrench – additional music ("Air Forces")
* Dylan Wiggins (Sir Dylan) – keyboards ("What About Heaven")
* Fatima Ali – additional vocals ("Separate")
* Frank Dukes – synth (tracks 2, 3, 5, 8); drum programming (tracks 3, 4, 6, 7); programming ("Air Forces"); guitar ("Ali")
* James Blake – synth ("Stay Alive"); vocals, piano ("Come Back")
* Jamie xx – synth ("Air Forces", "The Hearse"); programming ("Air Forces")
* Matthew Tavares – guitar ("The Hearse", "Ali"); synth ("Ali")
* Nate Mercereau – bass guitar, horns ("What About Heaven")
* Pete SCUM Nebula (The Antydote)arranger, programming, drum programming ("What About Heaven")
* Rodaidh McDonald – synth ("Ali")
* Sampha – featured vocals ("Capo"); backing vocals ("Stay Alive", "What About Heaven"); piano ("Capo"); bongos ("What About Heaven")
* Simon Hessman – guitar (tracks 1–4, 6, 7); synth bass ("Stay Alive")
* Teo Halm – bass guitar ("Stay Alive")

**Spoken word and dialogue**

* Rax ("Stay Alive")
* Puffy L'z ("Air Forces")
* SAFE ("The Hearse")
* Ali Rizeig ("Ali")
* CAPO ("Capo")
* Smoke Dawg ("Capo")
* AK ("Come Back")

**Technical**

* Manny Marroquin – mixing
* David Wrench – mixing ("Stay Alive", "Air Forces")
* Chris Galland – mix engineer
* Jeremie Inhaber – assistant mix engineer
* Robin Florent – assistant mix engineer
* Scott Desmarais – assistant mix engineer
* Emerson Mancini – mastering
* Matt Colton – mastering

1. "Mustafa - When Smoke Rises - LP+". *Rough Trade*. Retrieved 2021-05-27.
2. David Friend, "Dominique Fils-Aimé, Mustafa, and Leanne Betasamosake Simpson are among the 10 artists shortlisted for this year's Polaris Music Prize". *Toronto Star*, July 15, 2021.
3. Caramanica, Jon (2021-05-28). "Mustafa, a Folk Hero for a Weary Generation". *The New York Times*. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2021-05-28.
4. "Mustafa Speaks To His Experience, Not Through It". *American Songwriter*. 2021-03-30. Retrieved 2021-05-27.
5. Kameir, Rawiya (26 October 2020). "Mustafa's Meditative Songs of Mourning". *Pitchfork*. Retrieved 2021-05-27.
6. "When Smoke Rises". *Vinyl Me, Please*. Retrieved 2021-05-27.
7. *When Smoke Rises by Mustafa*, retrieved 2021-06-07
8. Smyth, David (2021-05-28). "Mustafa - When Smoke Rises review: a sad, beautiful tribute". *www.standard.co.uk*. Retrieved 2021-05-28.
9. "Mustafa Honours His Grief Through Beautiful Poetry on 'When Smoke Rises' | Exclaim!". *exclaim.ca*. Retrieved 2021-05-28.
10. "Mustafa: When Smoke Rises review – 21st-century folk meets bereft R&B". *The Guardian*. 2021-05-30. Retrieved 2021-05-30.
11. "Mustafa: When Smoke Rises". *Pitchfork*. Retrieved 2021-05-28.
12. Conteh, Mankaprr (2021-05-28). "Mustafa's 'When Smoke Rises' is a Softly Stunning Debut". *Rolling Stone*. Retrieved 2021-05-28.
13. "Overview: When Smoke Rises". *Jaxsta*. Retrieved 2021-06-01.
14. *The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon - Season 8 Episode 148*, retrieved 2021-05-27
15. Nagy, Andrew (2 February 2021). "Mustafa Is Realising His Purpose". *GQ Middle East*. Retrieved 27 May 2021.
16. *When Smoke Rises - Mustafa | Songs, Reviews, Credits | AllMusic*, retrieved 2021-05-27
17. Liner notes for *When Smoke Rises*, Mustafa. Regent Park Songs RPS004DA, 2021, vinyl record.
18. "BEATINK.COM When Smoke Rises". Beatink.com. Retrieved 1 September 2021.
19. "Credits: When Smoke Rises". *listen.tidal.com*. Retrieved 2021-05-28.

## InfoBox

| When Smoke Rises | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Mustafa | |
| Released | May 28, 2021 |
| Recorded | 2020 |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 23:42 |
| Label | Regent Park Songs |
| Producer |  |
|  | |
| Singles from  *When Smoke Rises* | |
| 1. "Stay Alive"
Released: March 10, 2020 2. "Air Forces"
Released: September 21, 2020 3. "Ali"
Released: March 30, 2021 4. "The Hearse"
Released: May 26, 2021 | |
|  | |


title: Uwe Schulten-Baumer

abstract: Uwe Schulten-Baumer, nicknamed "Der Doktor", was a German show jumping and dressage rider who became an internationally famous dressage trainer and coach who worked with Nicole Uphoff and Isabell Werth, who won 4 and 5, respectively, Olympic gold medals in individual and team dressage.

text:
# Uwe Schulten-Baumer

**Uwe Schulten-Baumer** (14 January 1926 – 28 October 2014), nicknamed "Der Doktor" (The Doctor), was a German show jumping and dressage rider who became an internationally famous dressage trainer and coach who worked with Nicole Uphoff and Isabell Werth, who won 4 and 5, respectively, Olympic gold medals in individual and team dressage.

## Early life

Schulten-Baumer was born in Kettwig, Essen, Germany. The son of a farmer, he became interested in horses early in life. He helped groom horses at a riding academy across from his school, later he learned to ride there. During his military service he was in the navy, and on Saturdays he would ride the commander's horses. After World War II, he rode the horse Senta at the international show jumping competition CHIO Aachen in 1952. Later he acquired the gelding Glückspiel from noted dressage trainer Fritz Tempelmann. Riding Glückspiel, Schulten-Baumer focused solely on dressage and began to train other riders.

## Career

Schulten-Baumer worked as a manager in the steel and cement industry, and was a member of the board of the "Roheisen-Verband" (Pig iron association). Due to these commitments, he decided to concentrate on training horses and dressage riders rather than participate in competition himself. Among his first students were his son Uwe and his daughter Alexa, as well as Margit Otto-Crépin and Italian rider Pia Lau.

Beginning in 1986, he began to work with Nicole Uphoff, and a year later she first won a Grand Prix Spécial in Lausanne, with Rembrandt. Several national and international awards followed. In 1986 he also began to coach Isabell Werth, whom he asked to ride his own horses, including Gigolo FRH, Nicole Uphoff and Isabell Werth are just further proof of his dressage knowledge and skill. The collaboration lasted until 2001, when Werth left to work with another trainer. Werth, however, continued to identify Schulten-Baumer as one of the most significant influences on her career. Part of the reason for the split was linked to "problems" between Werth and Ellen Schulten-Baumer, his stepdaughter, who thereafter took over the training of two horses previously assigned to Werth. Ellen Schulten-Baumer went on to compete in the European Dressage Championships in both 2007 and 2009.

He also helped develop and train a number of promising young dressage horses, including Gigolo FRH whom he purchased in 1989 and was successfully shown by Werth to four gold and two silver Olympic medals. Schulten-Baumer owned the horse until its death in 2009. He also developed and promoted the horse Satchmo, which he purchased as a two-year-old.

## Awards

The Deutsche Reiterliche Vereinigung (German Equestrian Federation), a member of the International Federation for Equestrian Sports, awarded him the title "Reitmeister" (Riding Master) on 28 August 2005, a title given in recognition of exceptional achievements. Other awards included the 1974 Grand Medal of the Pferdesportverband Rheinland (Equestrian Association of the Rhineland, PSVR), the 1981 Silver Plaque for Exceptional Achievement in equestrian sport, and 1988 St. Georgs-Plakette (Badge of St. George's) from the PSVR. In 1992 and 1997 he was proclaimed Trainer of the Year by the International Dressage Trainers' Club (IDTC). At the 2005 CHIO Aachen he was awarded the "Silbernes Pferd" (Silver Horse) for his lifetime achievement and the German Rider's Cross in Gold. In 2007, he won the P.S.I. Award in recognition of his work selecting and training talented young horses for dressage and show jumping. In 2009, he was awarded the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany. Twice, in 1999 and 2002, he won the Otto-Lörke-Preis of the Deutsches Olympiade-Komitee für Reiterei for the most successful rising young Grand Prix horse of the year.

## Rollkur

Schulten-Baumer is considered by some to be the inventor of the controversial "deep and round" training method known as Rollkur, or hyperflexion. However, both proponents and opponents of Rollkur have disagreed on this point. Sjef Janssen, the Dutch national team dressage coach and spouse of Anky van Grunsven, both known for their use of Rollkur, stated that the Rollkur system Janssen created was "totally different" from the training techniques of Schulten-Baumer. German Olympic team member Klaus Balkenhol, now dressage coach for the United States Equestrian Team and opponent of Rollkur training, also stated: "There were horses in Germany, which have been set low, for example, those from the training of Dr. Schulten-Baumer, but there was always the stretching and relaxation in the forehand. But what Sjef Janssen did in recent years, was something else."

## Bibliography

## InfoBox

Uwe Schulten-Baumer
| Medal record | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Equestrian | | |
| Representing  West Germany | | |
| World Championships | | |
|  | 1978 Goodwood | Team dressage |
|  | 1982 Lausanne | Team dressage |
|  | 1978 Goodwood | Individual dressage |
|  | 1982 Lausanne | Individual dressage |
| European Championships | | |
|  | 1977 St. Gallen | Team dressage |
|  | 1979 Aarhus | Team dressage |
|  | 1981 Laxenburg | Team dressage |
|  | 1981 Laxenburg | Individual dressage |
|  | 1983 Aachen | Team dressage |
|  | 1985 Copenhagen | Team dressage |
|  | 1977 St. Gallen | Individual dressage |