title: Martin Krumbiegel

abstract: Martin Krumbiegel is a German classical tenor, conductor and musicologist. A member of the Thomanerchor as a boy, he is mostly active in oratorios, cantatas and vocal chamber music of the 17th and 18th century. Krumbiegel has been the conductor of the Leipziger Oratorienchor since it beginning in 1993, and of ensembles such as Fidicianan and Vox Humana. He is professor of musicology at the University of Music and Theatre Leipzig.

text:
# Martin Krumbiegel

**Martin Krumbiegel** (born 1963) is a German classical tenor, conductor and musicologist. A member of the Thomanerchor as a boy, he is mostly active in oratorios, cantatas and vocal chamber music of the 17th and 18th century. Krumbiegel has been the conductor of the Leipziger Oratorienchor since it beginning in 1993, and of ensembles such as Fidicianan and Vox Humana. He is professor of musicology at the University of Music and Theatre Leipzig.

## Career

Martin Krumbiegel was born in Leipzig i 1963, the brother of Sebastian Krumbiegel. He was a member of the Thomanerchor from 1973 to 1982. He studied musicology at the University of Leipzig and graduated in 1994 with a doctorate; his dissertation was about Melchior Franck's Geistliche Konzerte. He also undertook private voice training with Andreas Sommerfeld.

Since 1987 he has performed as a concert and oratorio singer, including appearances at the Leipzig Gewandhaus, the Berlin Schauspielhaus, the Semperoper in Dresden and the Kölner Philharmonie. He has regularly collaborated as a soloist with the Bach cantata performances of the Thomanerchor. In the Bach year 2000, he performed in concerts in St. Martin, Idstein, including Bach's cantatas for Easter, *Erfreut euch, ihr Herzen*, BWV 66, and for Pentecost, *Erschallet, ihr Lieder, erklinget, ihr Saiten!* BWV 172, as well as songs such as "So oft ich meine Tobackspfeife", BWV 515, from the Notebook for Anna Magdalena Bach, also known as the "Pipe Aria".Tours abroad led him to the Czech Republic, France, the Netherlands, Sweden and Lithuania.

As a teacher, he was first a lecturer at the University of Music and Theatre Leipzig from 1994, appointed professor of the Institute of Musicology on 14 April 2010.

He has been a co-founder and artistic director of the Leipziger Oratorienchor from 1993. From 2001 he has been the conductor of the ensemble Capella Fidicinia Leipzig, dedicated to the music of the 15th to 18th century. From 2002, Krumbiegel has been the artistic director of the vocal ensemble Herrenwieser Vokalensemble, a group of 18 singers from Germany and Switzerland who meet once a year and tour Brandenburg, with a repertoire from early Baroque to contemporary. In 2012 he founded the chamber choir Vox humana and has been its artistic director.

Krumbiegel has recorded for disk (CD), radio and television. With the Leipziger Oratorienchor, he recorded live major choral works by Bach, his Mass in B minor (1999 and 2003), *St John Passion* (2002), *Christmas Oratorio* (2002) and *St Matthew Passion* (2006), singing the part of the Evangelist himself in the Passions.

## InfoBox

| Martin Krumbiegel | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1963 (age 6061)<br>Leipzig |
| Education |  |
| Occupations | * Classical tenor * Conductor * Musicologist |
| Organizations |  |


title: Leo O'Brien (cricketer)

abstract: Leo Patrick Joseph O'Brien was an Australian cricketer and sportsman who played in five Test matches between 1932 and 1936. He was born in West Melbourne, Victoria, and later lived in the Melbourne suburb of Mentone.

text:
# Leo O'Brien (cricketer)

**Leo Patrick Joseph O'Brien** (2 July 1907 – 13 March 1997) was an Australian cricketer and sportsman who played in five Test matches between 1932 and 1936. He was born in West Melbourne, Victoria, and later lived in the Melbourne suburb of Mentone.

## Early life and education

O'Brien's parents were Luke Joseph O'Brien, a Victorian Police Inspector, and Katherine Josephine Ryan. He was the eldest of four children, having two brothers and one sister and was a second generation Victorian on his father's side. His grandfather, James O'Brien, was a soldier and policeman. James immigrated, with his two brothers, from Kells, Ireland during the 1850s Victorian Gold Rush period.

His Catholic education extended across Xavier College 1914–1919, St. Joseph's CBC North Melbourne 1920 and St Patrick's College, Ballarat. He married Dorothy Gwendoline Rowston in 1940 and settled in Hampton, Victoria.

## Sporting career

O'Brien was a very determined left-handed batsman who played for the Richmond Cricket Club, now known as the Monash Tigers before making his debut for Victoria in the 1929–30 season. During the early 1930s he was a member of the Victorian Sheffield Shield squad along with team members Bill Ponsford and Bill Woodfull.

In the off-season O'Brien became a capable baseball player, an Australian football player, and amateur boxer who won a number of fights. As a cricketer he was well respected, coached in Asia and bred racehorses in his spare time. For more than fifty years he played at least one match a year on the Melbourne Cricket Ground.

As an all round sportsman, and in a rare coincidence, Mentone's only senior football premiership teams of 1928 and 1956, included Mentone Cricket Club's only two Test cricket players, Leo O’Brien and Ian Meckiff. Leo played in the 'full back' position in the 1928 team.

## Later life

A large part of his working life was spent as a public servant with the Australian Taxation Office. He was a friendly man and very sociable both on and off the field. His cricket life continued well into his 70s.

## InfoBox

Leo O'Brien
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Born | (1907-07-02)2 July 1907
West Melbourne, Australia |
| Died | 13 March 1997(1997-03-13) (aged 89)
Mentone, Victoria |
| Batting | Left-handed |
| Bowling | Right-arm medium |
| International information | |
| National side |  |
| Test debut (cap 145) | 30 December 1932 v England |
| Last Test | 18 December 1936 v England |
|  | |
| Career statistics | |
| Competition Test First-class  Matches 5 61  Runs scored 211 3,303  Batting average 26.37 36.70  100s/50s 0/2 7/16  Top score 61 173  Balls bowled  166  Wickets  3  Bowling average  42.33  5 wickets in innings  0  10 wickets in match  0  Best bowling  1/3  Catches/stumpings 3/– 24/– | |
|  | |
| Source: Cricinfo, 28 May 2022 | |


title: WestCom

abstract: WestCom was a German recording company that operated the label Off Beat, Visage Records and others.

text:
# WestCom

**WestCom** (full name: WestCom Neue Medien Tonträger- Produktions- und Vertriebs GmbH) was a German recording company that operated the label **Off Beat**, **Visage Records** and others.

## Company history

Founded around 1993.

In addition to WestCom, its owner also operates **NovaTekk** and **Euromedia**. Headquartered in Gelsenkirchen, Germany.

In 1999 Stefan Herwig, A&R manager at Off Beat, left the company over differences in promotion, to join forces with Eskil Simonsson (Covenant), Johan Van Roy (Suicide Commando), Bryan Erickson (Velvet Acid Christ) and Ronan Harris (VNV Nation) to form a new label, dependent (which opened January 1999). When he left, most artists switched to the new label, effectively shutting down WestCom.

## Labels

### Off Beat

**Off Beat** was a label specialized in electronic music with industrial and experimental rhythmic features which was founded in 1993 by Stefan Herwig and Thorsten Stroht.

After having signed German electronic music group Project Pitchfork as first band to the label, *Off Beat* took a number of unsigned bands such as Haujobb, Download and Decree under its wing. Also, at the time already well established groups such as Front Line Assembly, Skinny Puppy and Suicide Commando joined the label.

*Off Beat* established license partnerships with American labels 21st Circuitry, Metropolis, Electric Death Trip and Re-Constriction as well as with Swedish label Memento Materia that added Mentallo and the Fixer, Velvet Acid Christ and Covenant among others to the roster.

Originally the catalog numbering followed the codes issued by its distributor SPV GmbH (like *SPV 085-22292* for Front Line Assembly's 1995 album Hard Wired). Around 1996 the label started its own format, starting with a capital  followed by the release number. Previous releases were attributed numbers, that were added to the artwork in reprints.

### Visage Records

**Visage** was a label/division specialized in synthpop.

Aside from several European synthpop bands as Elegant Machinery and The Northern Territories, it was responsible for the *Vis-à-Vis* series of compilation albums.

### Poison Ivy

**Poison Ivy** was a label/division specialized in goth rock. It started 1998 with the release of the album *One Day* by the band Near Dark.

### Nightshade

**Nightshade Productions** was a label/division specialized in dark wave music.


title: Wemyss and Buckhaven Railway

abstract: The Wemyss and Buckhaven Railway was a railway company that built a line in the county of Fife in Scotland, connecting Buckhaven with the main line railway network at Thornton, and linking with collieries. It was financed privately by the Wemyss Estate and largely built on Wemyss Estate land, and it opened in 1881. It was extended to harbours at Methil and Leven in 1884 to give collieries better access to export shipping; the extension line was called the Leven Extension Railway, and was also privately financed. A passenger service was operated between Thornton and Methil. The line was sold to the North British Railway in 1889. The railway served the rich mineral resources of the East Fife Coalfield, but that declined after 1930, and passenger carryings fell steeply at the same time. The line was closed to passenger traffic in 1955 and to all except a very limited goods and mineral traffic in 1965. It closed completely in 1980 and there is now no railway activity on the former line.

text:
# Wemyss and Buckhaven Railway

The **Wemyss and Buckhaven Railway** was a railway company that built a line in the county of Fife in Scotland, connecting Buckhaven with the main line railway network at Thornton, and linking with collieries.

It was financed privately by the Wemyss Estate and largely built on Wemyss Estate land, and it opened in 1881.

It was extended to harbours at Methil and Leven in 1884 to give collieries better access to export shipping; the extension line was called the **Leven Extension Railway**, and was also privately financed. A passenger service was operated between Thornton and Methil.

The line was sold to the North British Railway in 1889.

The railway served the rich mineral resources of the East Fife Coalfield, but that declined after 1930, and passenger carryings fell steeply at the same time. The line was closed to passenger traffic in 1955 and to all except a very limited goods and mineral traffic in 1965. It closed completely in 1980 and there is now no railway activity on the former line.

## History

### First railways

As part of the frenzy of railway speculation culminating in 1845, the Edinburgh and Northern Railway was authorised in 1845 to build from Burntisland to Perth and Dundee, forming a through communication between Edinburgh and Dundee with ferry crossings of the Firth of Forth and the Firth of Tay. The company changed its name to the *Edinburgh, Perth and Dundee Railway* (EP&DR), and opened its main line in the years 1847 to 1848, running broadly south to north through Thornton.

Leven was an important manufacturing town and port at the time, and the independently promoted *Leven Railway* opened in 1854, joining the town with a junction with the EP&DR at Thornton. The Leven Railway did not connect to the harbour at Leven, and its objective was eventually to extend eastwards to serve the fishing communities on the Fife coast. In fact another independent company, the *East of Fife Railway*, extended from Leven to Kilconquhar; the two companies merged, forming the *Leven and East of Fife Railway* and extending to Anstruther.

### The Wemyss Estate

Extensive lands in East Fife were in the ownership of the Wemyss family, and in 1854 James Hay Erskine Wemyss succeeded to the lairdship. Coal had long been extracted on the Wemyss Estate by tenants, and James Wemyss wished to encourage the activity. It was held back by difficult transport conditions; the priority of the Leven Railway and its extensions was not to connect with the pits, and the coastwise and export shipping routes were constrained by the limited harbour facilities on the coast. It was not until 1868 that the Leven and East of Fife Railway constructed a branch line to Muiredge, connecting a pit there, and even so there was no railway route to a useful harbour in East Fife, and much of the export traffic went to Burntisland; this was a long and expensive rail transit. The North British Railway (NBR) took over the EP&DR in 1862 and effectively controlled railway transit in the area.

### The Wemyss and Buckhaven Railway

Although some improvements were made to local harbours, the intransigent attitude of the North British Railway, and its monopoly freedom to set haulage rates, was resented by the coalmaster tenants of the Wemyss Estate. In addition the exploitation of the coal deposits in the East Fife coalfield led to the opening of a considerable number of new pits in this period, and the North British Railway was unwilling to connect them to the railway network.

In May 1874 a committee of coalmasters discussed building their own line to the developing Methil Dock, a little west of Leven. Nothing came of this discussion at first, but in 1878 a definite scheme was produced to connect Buckhaven with Thornton. Thornton was chosen as the junction because of the convenience of bringing coal from Dunfermline, as the West Fife coalfield also required an outlet to an alternative harbour.

Matters progressed and on 17 October 1879 a certificate for the construction of the railway was issued by the Board of Trade; an act of Parliament was not required because no compulsory land acquisition was needed and there were no objections to the scheme. Nor was a new joint stock company to be established, as the Wemyss Estate was to finance the construction. This arrangement had been enabled by the Railway Construction Facilities Act, 1864.

The line was a little over four miles long; by the end of 1880 a demonstration goods train was run, but the line was not properly finished, and the Board of Trade inspection took place on 30 July 1881, by Major General Hutchinson. With some qualifications, the line was passed as fit for passenger operation, and it opened formally on 1 August 1881. It was worked by the North British Railway for 40% of gross revenue. There were intermediate stations at West Wemyss (at the present-day Standing Stane Road) and Wemyys Castle, close to the town of East Wemyss. It had private accommodation for Wemyss and his family.

A short branch was made in 1881 to join the NBR Muiredge branch, and a connection from the new Rosie pit, which ran as a high level siding parallel to, and above, the W&B line.

### Extending to Methil

James Wemyss died in 1864, and his eldest son Randolph Gordon Erskine Wemyss (1858 - 1908) inherited the lairdship at the age of six. It was in trust until his majority; the Trustees managed the affairs of the Estate, led by his Mother. Randolph Wemyss was an exceptionally dynamic manager of the affairs of the Wemyss Estate, and he saw that the existing dock accommodation in the area was inadequate. Leven Harbour had been improved and a short railway branch from the Leven Railway had been formed, but the harbour suffered from serious silting, limiting the size of shipping that could be handled.

The North British Railway had developed Burntisland as its main harbour in Fife, and much of the rail-connected coal traffic went there; this was a considerable mileage, and income to the NBR, and local coalmasters resented the expense when there were several small harbours locally that were not used.

Methil harbour was available, but the dock accommodation there was very limited, being only capable of handling ships up to 150 tons. As the rate of coal extraction increased, the lack of useful local harbour facilities became of increasing significance, and in 1879 Wemyss and his tenant coalmasters agreed on the construction of a proper dock at Methil. To avoid opposition from the Leven Harbour Company, Wemyss approached them to purchase their business. They were receptive, as all their initial capital had been expended and further construction was needed, which they were unable to fund. Struggling with heavy indebtedness, the Company sold out to the Wemyss Estate (Randolph Wemyss, his tenant colliers and certain other business interests) in 1883 for £12,000. By this purchase the Wemyss Estate acquired the branch railway to Leven Harbour.

In proposing to develop Methil harbour and extend the Buckhaven line to Methil and to Leven Harbour, Wemyss foresaw strong opposition from the North British Railway, who would lose mileage by it. Wemyss forged an agreement with them, ratified on 21 April 1883 by agreeing to the Burntisland carriage rates applying to coal traffic from outside the immediate area to Methil and Leven. Wemyss also agreed not to allow competing railways access to the area over his lands; the North British anticipated an incursion by the rival Caledonian Railway and this may have been significant in securing their consent to Wemyss' line.

The line to extend the Buckhaven line to Leven Harbour, which became known as the *Leven Connection Railway*, two miles long from Buckhaven to Leven Dock, was formally opened to goods and mineral traffic on 17 September 1884. Parliamentary authorisation was not required. The line was inspected by Major General Hutchinson on 3 March 1887 and opened to passenger traffic on 5 May 1887, operating as an extension of the Wemyss and Buckhaven line; passenger trains ran between Thornton, Buckhaven and Methil; only mineral traffic continued to Leven Harbour, but the new, well-equipped Methil Dock opened on 5 May 1887 also. The cost of the dock and railway extension had been £227,000.

In eight months of 1887 Methil shipped 220,000 tons, rising to 409,000 in the full year 1888; Burntisland throughput fell substantially in the same period.

### Thornton avoiding line

The mineral traffic built up rapidly, and included heavy flows from Dunfermline. The routing for those trains involved a reversal at Thornton, on the NBR main line, and this caused significant delay; a direct line passing under the main line was built in 1886 - 1887; it had steep gradients, falling from the Dunfermline direction at 1 in 52 and rising again at 1 in 74. Wemyss contributed £1,000 to the cost of construction. It was doubled some time after 1901.

### Transfer to the North British Railway

Wemyss did not foresee retaining long term operation of the harbour at Methil, and he conducted negotiations with the North British Railway; the outcome was that the NBR purchased the harbour from it for £225,000, and with it they took the Wemyss and Buckhaven Railway, which became a branch of the NBR. The transfer took place on 1 February 1889, ratified by the North British (Methil Harbour) Act of 26 July 1889 and included the Methil extension.

Wemyss went on to construct several connecting lines to pits not otherwise served by railways, and in time a substantial network, ultimately referred to as the *Wemyss Private Railway* was developed. The relationship between that network and the North British Railway was not always entirely amicable.

### The twentieth century

In 1923 the North British Railway was a constituent of the new London and North Eastern Railway (LNER) created as part of the "grouping" of the railways of Great Britain, following the Railways Act 1921.

The LNER found that passenger carryings were falling as road transport improved locally, and they introduced the Sentinel railcars for passenger trains on the line. A vehicle named *Banks of Don* was provided from January 1931. Its performance was stated to be "indifferent" and the sharp 1 in 50 gradient from Methil to Buckhaven led to problems with slipping, especially on frosty mornings. Other Sentinel cars substituted from time to time. The passenger service ran to and from Thornton, where onward passengers had to change.

Football excursions on the line were of special significance in this period, and the success of East Fife F.C., based in Methil, led to heavy inward supporters' traffic in addition to the outward traffic to away matches. East Fife were prominent from 1927 to 1931 and again at the end of the 1930s.

Nationalisation of the railways took place from 1 January 1948, and the line was now part of British Railways. The passenger service had lost custom substantially, and further economies were put in hand, including the closure of the little-used West Wemyss station in 1949. The route was inconvenient, and the change of train at Thornton was also a negative factor. The last passenger train ran on 9 January 1955, carrying 20 passengers. Football special trains continued to run while the line remained in use for goods trains, although these were much reduced in number too.

From 2 December 1963 the line between Thornton and West Wemyss was closed to all traffic, and from 28 December 1964 goods traffic was withdrawn from Wemyss Castle and Buckhaven stations. From 16 December 1965 the section from West Wemyss to Lochhead Colliery closed, and from 15 December 1966 the entire line closed completely, except for the Methil station area, which was a goods depot served from Kirkland Yard via the docks. That too closed on 31 May 1980, but reopened as a private siding for a coal merchant from 1 October 1980, closing finally on 31 May 1985.

## Topography

| Wemyss and Buckhaven Railway |
| --- |
|  |
|  |

The line from Thornton to Buckhaven opened on 1 August 1881, and closed to passengers on 10 January 1955. Locations on the line were:

* Thornton; junction station on Edinburgh, Perth and Dundee Railway main line; indicated as Thornton Junction from 1850 in Bradshaw;
* West Wemyss; closed 1 January 1917; re-opened 2 June 1919; closed 7 November 1949;
* Wemyss Castle;
* Buckhaven.

Leven Extension Railway: the line opened on 17 September 1884 for goods and mineral trains, and to passengers between Buckhaven and Methil on 5 May 1887 and closed to passengers on 10 January 1955.

* Buckhaven (above);
* Methil;
* *Leven*; not a station; junction with North British Railway.

1. Andrew Hajducki, Michael Jodeluk and Alan Simpson, *The Leven and East of Fife Railway*, Oakwood Press, Usk, 2013, ISBN 978 0 85361 728 0
2. John Thomas and David Turnock, *A Regional History of the Railways of Great Britain: Volume 15, North of Scotland*, David and Charles, Newton Abbot, 1989, ISBN 0 946537 03 8
3. A W Brotchie, *The Wemyss Private Railway*, The Oakwood Press, Usk, 1998, ISBN 0 85361 527 6
4. E F Carter, *An Historical Geography of the Railways of the British Isles*, Cassell, London, 1959
5. David Ross, *The North British Railway: A History*, Stenlake Publishing Limited, Catrine, 2014, ISBN 978 1 84033 647 4
6. Christopher Awdry, *Encyclopaedia of British Railway Companies*, Patrick Stephens Limited, Wellingborough, 1990, ISBN 1 85260 049 7
7. Archive Committee of the Kingdom of Fife Railway Preservation Society, *The Methil Branch Line Railway*, Kingdom of Fife Railway Preservation Society and Lower Methil Heritage Centre, 1996, ISBN 0 9528535 0 7
8. James K Corstorphine, *East of Thornton Junction: The Story of the Fife Coast Line*, self published by Corstorphine, Leven, 1995, ISBN 0 9525621 0 3
9. William Scott Bruce, *Railways of Fife*, Melven Press, Perth, 1980, ISBN 0 906664 03 9
10. Gordon Stansfield, *Fife's Lost Railways*, Stenlake Press, Catrine, 1998, ISBN 1 84033 055 4
11. M E Quick, *Railway Passenger Stations in England Scotland and Wales—A Chronology*, The Railway and Canal Historical Society, 2002


title: Lenny Dee (DJ)

abstract: Lenny Dee is the performing name of Leonard Didesiderio, a DJ based in New York City. Starting as a house DJ in the 1980s, Dee quickly moved towards harder sounds such as techno and gabber. He set up the well respected record label Industrial Strength in 1991.

text:
# Lenny Dee (DJ)

**Lenny Dee** (born 1968) is the performing name of Leonard Didesiderio, a DJ based in New York City. Starting as a house DJ in the 1980s, Dee quickly moved towards harder sounds such as techno and gabber. He set up the well respected record label Industrial Strength in 1991.

## Early life

Leonard Didesiderio was born in 1968. He grew up in Sheepshead Bay, Brooklyn and became a DJ in his teens, when he started working at the local roller disco. Taking the DJ name Lenny Dee, he made his first record in 1985. He started playing house music and developed a rivalry with Frankie Bones, another young DJ. Tommy Musto told the two to work together and they started music under the name Looney Tunes. Their first record sold 15,000 copies and they were invited to England to play at raves. When he travelled through Europe, playing at dance parties in Belgium, the Netherlands and Germany, Dee's style became harder and faster. He started making techno and gabber.

## Career

Not having trained as a musician, Dee taught himself to DJ and produce records. He began to work as a production assistant for Arthur Baker and later produced sample collections of loops. Having started DJing with vinyl, Dee later moved to using Pro Tools. Dee has played at many venues worldwide and at festivals such as Electric Daisy Carnival, Love Parade and Tomorrowland. He played at the 25th anniversary party of Thunderdome in 2017.

## Industrial Strength Records

Lenny Dee founded Industrial Strength Records in 1991. The first release was a double A side from Marc Acardipane, whom Dee met when he was stranded after playing at a rave in Frankfurt. Acardipane offered him a place to stay and played him some tracks. Dee promised to release them, then IS001 became "We Have Arrived" by Mescalanium United and "Nightflight (Non-Stop To Kaos)" by The Mover (both artist names being pseudonyms of Arcadipane). Industrial Strength has released records from Dee himself and amongst others Thomas Bangalter, Ralphie Dee and Nasenbluten.


title: Leon Henderson

abstract: Leon Henderson was the administrator of the Office of Price Administration from 1941 to 1942. He also served as a member of several United States federal government agencies during World War II.

text:
# Leon Henderson

**Leon Henderson** (May 26, 1895 – October 19, 1986) was the administrator of the Office of Price Administration from 1941 to 1942. He also served as a member of several United States federal government agencies during World War II.

## Life and career

Henderson was born in Millville, New Jersey, where he attended Millville High School, and later Swarthmore College.

Hired by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania to serve during the first term of Governor Gifford Pinchot, Henderson assisted Pinchot in creating the Pennsylvania State Employees’ Retirement System in 1923 and served as deputy secretary of state. He also taught at Carnegie Tech (now Carnegie Mellon University) and the University of Pennsylvania.

From 1925 to 1934, Henderson was the director of remedial loans at the Russell Sage Foundation.

Henderson worked as an economic adviser in President Franklin Roosevelt's administration before he was appointed to the Securities and Exchange Commission in 1939. In 1941 he became head of the Office of Price Administration. His tenure there was controversial and he was deeply unpopular, especially with farmers. Edwin W. Pauley, secretary of the Democratic National Committee in 1942, listed five factors for Democratic losses in the 1942 election, and resentment of Leon Henderson was listed as one of the top five reasons for that defeat. As he wrote, "This was the most universal and serious complaint of all ... It appears from the letters that the complaint is directed rather at Mr. Henderson and his attitude and methods than at the abstract question of ... rationing and price control." Those losses ensured that no more New Deal social measures would be passed by the US during World War II, and that many of them would be repealed.

Henderson was replaced after the 1942 election and went into a career in business.

He died in 1986. Before his death, he personally donated many of his papers to the Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library.

## InfoBox

| Leon Henderson | |
| --- | --- |
| Henderson in 1940 | |
|  | |
| Member of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission | |
| **In office**
May 18, 1939 – July 8, 1941 | |
| President | Franklin D. Roosevelt |
| Administrator of the Office of Price Administration | |
| **In office**
1941–1944 | |
| President | Franklin D. Roosevelt |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1895-05-26)May 26, 1895
Millville, New Jersey |
| Died | October 19, 1986(1986-10-19) (aged 91) |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Education | Swarthmore College |
|  | |


title: Leonardo Di Cesare

abstract: Leonardo Di Cesare is an Argentine producer, film director, and screenplay writer. He works in the cinema of Argentina. His first film Buena Vida Delivey was a huge success in film festivals and was well received by film critics.

text:
# Leonardo Di Cesare

**Leonardo Di Cesare** is an Argentine producer, film director, and screenplay writer.

He works in the cinema of Argentina.

His first film *Buena Vida Delivey* was a huge success in film festivals and was well received by film critics.

## Filmography

**Director, producer and writer**

## Awards

**Wins**

* Clarin Entertainment Awards: Clarin Award; Best First Work - Film; 2004.
* Mar del Plata Film Festival: Best Film, Leonardo Di Cesare; Best Screenplay, Leonardo Di Cesare and Hans Garrino: 2004.
* Toulouse Latin America Film Festival, France: *Grand Prix*; Leonardo Di Cesare; 2004.
* Valladolid International Film Festival, Spain: Best New Director, Leonardo Di Cesare; 2004.
* Argentine Film Critics Association Awards: Silver Condor; Best First Film, Leonardo Di Cesare; Best Original Screenplay, Leonardo Di Cesare and Hans Garrino; 2005.


title: Lepidochrysops jansei

abstract: Lepidochrysops jansei, the Janse's blue, is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in south-central Kenya and northern Tanzania. The habitat consists of areas with short grass and flowers of the family Lamiaceae, often on shallow soils on a rock substratum. Adults are on wing in November and April. The larvae feed on Lamiaceae species.

text:
# Lepidochrysops jansei

***Lepidochrysops jansei***, the **Janse's blue**, is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in south-central Kenya and northern Tanzania. The habitat consists of areas with short grass and flowers of the family Lamiaceae, often on shallow soils on a rock substratum.

Adults are on wing in November and April.

The larvae feed on Lamiaceae species.

## InfoBox

| *Lepidochrysops jansei* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Lycaenidae |
| Genus: | *Lepidochrysops* |
| Species: | ***L. jansei*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Lepidochrysops jansei***<br>van Someren, 1957 | |
|


title: Lepidochrysops inyangae

abstract: Lepidochrysops inyangae, the Nyanga blue, is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in western Tanzania and Zimbabwe. The habitat consists of grassland and Brachystegia woodland. Both sexes are attracted to flowers. Adults have been recorded on wing in October and November.

text:
# Lepidochrysops inyangae

***Lepidochrysops inyangae***, the **Nyanga blue**, is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in western Tanzania and Zimbabwe (the Nyanga massif). The habitat consists of grassland and *Brachystegia* woodland.

Both sexes are attracted to flowers. Adults have been recorded on wing in October and November.

## InfoBox

| *Lepidochrysops inyangae* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Lycaenidae |
| Genus: | *Lepidochrysops* |
| Species: | ***L. inyangae*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Lepidochrysops inyangae***<br>(Pinhey, 1945) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Cupido (Lepidochrysops) inyangae* Pinhey, 1945 | |


title: Leon Lim

abstract: Leon Lim is an artist, designer and photographer who was schooled in Kedah and Penang and lives in New York City. He has been profoundly deaf since birth and his deafness developed his strong sense of seeing. His independence began at the age of 14 when he started to live alone in Penang. He received his Bachelor of Fine Arts degree from Rochester Institute of Technology, New York. He competed in the second season of the Bravo television network's reality television series Work of Art: The Next Great Artist.

text:
# Leon Lim

**Leon Lim** (born in Kedah, Malaysia) is an artist, designer and photographer who was schooled in Kedah and Penang and lives in New York City. He has been profoundly deaf since birth and his deafness developed his strong sense of seeing. His independence began at the age of 14 when he started to live alone in Penang. He received his Bachelor of Fine Arts degree from Rochester Institute of Technology, New York. He competed in the second season of the Bravo television network's reality television series Work of Art: The Next Great Artist.

## Life and work

### Early life

In 1992, Lim moved to Penang, Malaysia for high school, Federation School for the Deaf (later known as SMK Pendidikan Khas Persekutuan). Lim graduated from his high school in 1997 took a De Montfort University of United Kingdom program at the Equator Academy of Art in Penang. After more than two years, Lim received a full five-year scholarship to attend Rochester Institute of Technology. While studying at RIT, Lim discovered his passion for design, photography, film and architecture. After his graduation from RIT, Lim settled in New York City.

### Early work

In 1998, Lim created his first sculptural installation, *The Recycled Head Anatomy* with old objects such as bulbs, broken glasses, steel cans, toys, and electronic and plastic media found around the streets of George Town. That sculpture allowed Lim understand about the possibility of transformation and how one cultural object or gesture may turn into another.

In 1999, Lim reached out to various organizations and newspapers for a grant to do his first art project, *“What is in the Deaf’s Mind?”* with the help of his former teacher, Vicky Teoh. Teoh had spoken to several representatives of the companies by phone for Lim. He received three sponsors, including 500 cans of acrylic colors from the Hai Kuang Sdn. Bhd, a manufacturer of Pelaka paints; old newspapers and grants from the two local newspapers, The Star (Malaysia) and The Sun (Malaysia). Lim directed 80 deaf students of ages 8–16 to make a big canvas by using old newspapers and to paint their faces and bodies to express their own worlds onto canvas.

### Recent work

Lim has been creating works ranging from paintings and sculptures to interior/architectural models and graphic design to multimedia and art installations and photographs. The solo voyager, who has traveled to more than 33 countries worldwide, often explores themes of heritage preservation, social segregation, mortality, interactive communication, and the politics of identity and culture. His voyages inspired his work which is an investigation of the diversity of human expression, built environment, sociological experience, and cross-cultural experience.

In addition to his artistic pursuits, Lim has participated in heritage-conservation research and gave a lecture of "George Town Contemporary" at Penang Heritage Centre, George Town, Penang (Pusat Warisan Pulau Pinang) with the help of Khoo Salma. Also, Lim served as an Art Director and Set Designer in US-based film production for short movies.

## Current status

Lim completed the second season of Work of Art: The Next Great Artist. To date, he is the first deaf contestant and star in any of the Bravo's vaunted 43 reality shows including "Top Chef", "Project Runway", and "The Real Housewives".

Lim was chosen for Prestige Magazine's November 2011 issue cover for The Art Issue. He was commissioned to create new artwork for two lifestyle magazines; Prestige and Esquire, whose the issues published in November 2011. In addition, his transformative portrait work of Julian Assange, was selected by TIME for its Person Of The Year 2010 edition.

In July 2010, Lim was commissioned by the Penang State Government, George Town World Heritage Incorporated, and Penang Global Tourism, to create a new site-specific, public art installation, *The Last Chairs* for the George Town Festival 2010 inaugurated in conjunction with the UNESCO World Heritage Site's second anniversary. This exhibition marked Penang’s first public art in its new chapter on Contemporary Art in George Town as well as Lim's first exhibition in his native homeland of Malaysia, after his works have been exhibited in several other countries.

In June 2010, Lim’s art installations, *Silent Story* and *Discommunicativeness* which were exhibited in Washington DC, New York, Seoul and Beijing, were selected again to be part of the inaugural exhibition of the 5th Busan Media Festival in Busan, the second largest city in South Korea. Busan is the home of the Busan Biennale, a well renowned international contemporary art biennale.

Lim is one of 17 artists from New York City featured in the 2009 calendar for the Mayor of New York City.

Lim's multimedia installation has been exhibited internationally at Seoul's Total Museum of Contemporary Art, South Korea in July 2008 and Beijing's CAFA Art Museum, China in August 2009. His works have been exhibited at galleries such as the John F. Kennedy Center, Washington DC, the World Financial Center, New York City, Bevier Gallery, Rochester NY and Gallery R, Rochester NY.

Lim was commissioned in 2008 to create a permanent art installation, *The 3(656)* for a study lounge in the new center at Rochester Institute of Technology. The installation is an introduction of Lim's inspiration from the unknown history from the dream of building a college to the reality of a college to Lim's arrival. The grand opening of the installation was launched in May 2008.

In an interview with New Straits Times, Lim said, "People generally cannot see beyond a deaf person's physical handicap. Many of them have hidden talent. All that is required is a little prodding, a push. Give them a little encouragement. They are not as disabled as you might think."

## Bibliography

* *Sonic Chromatic*, 2009. ISBN 0-615-27718-7 and ISBN 978-0-615-27718-9


title: Leo (2000 film)

abstract: Leo is a 2000 Spanish drama film, written, directed and produced by José Luis Borau and starring Icíar Bollaín and Javier Batanero. It was nominated for six Goya Awards in 2001, and won the award for Best Director.

text:
# Leo (2000 film)

***Leo*** is a 2000 Spanish drama film, written, directed and produced by José Luis Borau and starring Icíar Bollaín and Javier Batanero. It was nominated for six Goya Awards in 2001, and won the award for Best Director.

## Cast

## Release

*Leo* entered into the 22nd Moscow International Film Festival. It was released theatrically in Spain on 1 September 2000.

## Reception

Jonathan Holland of *Variety* gave a mixed review to *Leo*, assessing that "the strangely untidy script" is kept from sinking by "superb perfs", "a thought-provoking central idea and gold-plated professionalism".

## Accolades

| Year | Award | Category | Nominee(s) | Result | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2001 | 15th Goya Awards | Best Film | | Nominated |  |
| | | Best Director | José Luis Borau | Won | |
| | | Best Original Screenplay | José Luis Borau | Nominated | |
| | | Best Actress | Iciar Bollaín | Nominated | |
| | | Best Editing | José Salcedo | Nominated | |
| | | Best New Actor | Javier Batanero | Nominated | |

## InfoBox

| Leo | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | José Luis Borau |
| Written by | José Luis Borau |
| Produced by | José Luis Borau |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Tomàs Pladevall |
| Edited by | José Salcedo |
| Music by | Álvaro de Cárdenas |
| Production<br>company | El Imán |
| Release dates | * July 2000 (2000-07) (Moscow) * 1 September 2000 (2000-09-01) (Spain) |
| Running time | 86 minutes |
| Country | Spain |
| Language | Spanish |


title: Leo (2012 film)

abstract: Leo is a 2012 Kenyan movie directed by Jinna Mutune.

text:
# Leo (2012 film)

***Leo*** is a 2012 Kenyan movie directed by Jinna Mutune.

## Synopsis

A young Masai boy who is eager to become a super hero despite the challenges he faces in life.

## InfoBox

| Leo | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Jinna Mutune |
| Release date | * 2012 (2012) |
| Country | Kenya |
| Language | English |


title: Leonard West (rugby union)

abstract: Leonard West was a Scottish international rugby union player.

text:
# Leonard West (rugby union)

**Leonard West** (31 May 1879 – 26 January 1945) was a Scottish international rugby union player.

## Rugby Union career

### Amateur career

He played for Edinburgh University.

He played for Carlisle.

He played for London Scottish.

He played for West Hartlepool.

### Provincial career

He represented Edinburgh District in December 1902 against Glasgow District in the inter-city match.

He played for Cities District in January 1903 against Provinces District.

While with Carlisle, he turned out for Anglo-Scots on 24 December 1904.

### International career

He received 9 caps for Scotland.

## Medical career

He obtained his medical degree from Edinburgh University in 1903.

## Family

He was the son of Thomas Edward West (1833–1901). Thomas was a barrister at law.

His mother was Mary Cordelia Parrinton (1844–1908).

## InfoBox

Leonard West
| Birth name | Leonard West |
| --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1879-05-31)31 May 1879 |
| Place of birth | Allerton, England |
| Date of death | 26 January 1945(1945-01-26) (aged 65) |
| Place of death | Hoddesdon, England |
| Rugby union career | |
| **Position(s)** Forward  Amateur team(s)  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  \- 1903 Edinburgh University   ()  - Carlisle   ()  - London Scottish   ()  - West Hartlepool   ()  Provincial / State sides  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  1902 Edinburgh District   ()  1903 Cities District   ()  1904 Anglo-Scots   ()  International career  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  1903-06 Scotland  9  (0) | |


title: Leptotheuthis

abstract: Leptotheuthis is a monospecific genus of cephalopod known primarily from gladii, with soft parts often preserved in the German Solnholfen limestone. The name is sometimes misspelled as Leptoteuthis, after an unjustified emendation published in 1845.

text:
# Leptotheuthis

***Leptotheuthis*** is a monospecific genus of cephalopod known primarily from gladii, with soft parts often preserved in the German Solnholfen limestone. The name is sometimes misspelled as *Leptoteuthis*, after an unjustified emendation published in 1845.

## InfoBox

| *Leptotheuthis* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Cephalopoda |
| Order: | Vampyromorphida |
| Suborder: | Loligosepiina |
| Family: | Leptotheuthidae |
| Genus: | *Leptotheuthis* |
| Species: | ***L. gigas*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Leptotheuthis gigas***<br>Meyer, 1834 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Leptoteuthis* d'Orbigny, 1845 (Unjustified Emendation) | |


title: Leonard Wood (footballer)

abstract: Leonard Wood was a professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town.

text:
# Leonard Wood (footballer)

**Leonard Wood** was a professional footballer who played in the Football League for Mansfield Town.

## Career

Wood began his career at Huddersfield Town, before signing for Mansfield Town in 1935. At Mansfield, Wood made 46 Football League appearances, scoring three times, before departing in 1938 for Tunbridge Wells Rangers. Wood's exploits at Tunbridge Wells, scoring over 30 goals for the club, led Chelmsford City to sign him in 1939.

## InfoBox

Leonard Wood
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Leonard Wood | | |
| Height | 5 ft 8 in (1.73 m) | | |
| Position(s) | Wing half | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1934–1935 | Huddersfield Town | 0 | (0) |
| 1935–1938 | Mansfield Town | 46 | (3) |
| 1938–1939 | Tunbridge Wells Rangers |  |  |
|  | Chelmsford City |  |  |
| Total |  | **46** | **(3)** |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Leon Kelly

abstract: Leon Kelly was an American artist born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He is most well known for his contributions to American Surrealism, but his work also encompassed styles such as Cubism, Social Realism, and Abstraction. Reclusive by nature, a character trait that became more exaggerated in the 1940s and later, Kelly's work reflects his determination not to be limited by the trends of his time. His large output of paintings is complemented by a prolific number of drawings that span his career of 50 years. Some of the collections where his work is represented are the Metropolitan Museum in New York, The Whitney Museum of American Art, the Museum of Modern Art, the Philadelphia Museum of Art, and Boston Public Library.

text:
# Leon Kelly

**Leon Kelly** (October 21, 1901 – June 28, 1982) was an American artist born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He is most well known for his contributions to American Surrealism, but his work also encompassed styles such as Cubism, Social Realism, and Abstraction. Reclusive by nature, a character trait that became more exaggerated in the 1940s and later, Kelly's work reflects his determination not to be limited by the trends of his time. His large output of paintings is complemented by a prolific number of drawings that span his career of 50 years. Some of the collections where his work is represented are the Metropolitan Museum in New York, The Whitney Museum of American Art, the Museum of Modern Art, the Philadelphia Museum of Art, and Boston Public Library.

## Biography

Kelly was born in 1901 at home at 1533 Newkirk Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He was the only child of Elizabeth (née Stevenson) and Pantaleon L. Kelly. The family resided in Philadelphia where Pantaleon and two of his cousins owned Kelly Brothers, a successful tailoring business. The prosperity of the firm enabled his father to purchase a 144-acre farm in Bucks County, Pennsylvania in 1902, which he named "Rural Retreat" It was here that Pantaleon took Leon to spend every weekend away from the pressures of business and from the disappointments in his failing marriage. Idyllic and peaceful memories of the farm stayed with Leon and embued his work with a love of nature that emerged later in the Lunar Series, in Return and Departure, and in the insect imagery of his Surrealist work. "If anything," he once said,"I am a Pantheist and see a spirit in everything, the grass, the rocks, everything."

At thirteen, Kelly left school and began private painting lessons with Albert Jean Adolphe, a teacher at the School of Industrial Art (now the University of the Arts) in Philadelphia. He learned technique by copying the works of the old masters and visiting the Philadelphia Zoo, where he would draw animals. Drawings done in 1916 and 1917 of elephants, snakes and antelope, as well as copies of old master paintings by Holbein and Michelangelo, heralded an impressive emerging talent. In 1917, he studied sculpture with Alexander Portnoff but his studies came to an abrupt halt with the start of World War I. Being too young to enlist, he joined the Quartermaster Corp at the Army Depot in Philadelphia, where he served for more than a year loading ships with supplies and, along with other artists, working on drawings for camouflage.

By 1920, the family's fortunes drastically changed. His father's business had failed due to the introduction of ready made clothing and his marriage, unhappy from the beginning, dissolved. Broken by circumstance, Pantaleon left Philadelphia to begin a wandering existence looking for work leaving Kelly to support his mother and grandmother. He found a job in 1920 at the Freihofer Baking Company where he worked nights for the next four years. Under these circumstances Kelly continued to develop his skills in drawing and painting and learned of the revolutionary developments in art that were taking place in Paris.

During the day he was granted permission to study anatomy at the Philadelphia School of Osteopathy where he dissected a cadaver and perfected his knowledge of the human figure. He also met and studied etching with Earl Horter, a well-known illustrator, who had amassed a significant collection of modern art which included work by Brancusi, Matisse, and Cubist works by Picasso and Braque. Among the artists around Horter was Arthur Carles, a charismatic and controversial painter who taught at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts. Kelly enrolled in the Academy in 1922, becoming what Carles described as "his best student".

In the next three years Kelly's work ranged from academic studies of plaster casts, to pointillism, to landscapes of Fairmount Park in Philadelphia, as well as a series of pastels showing influences from Matisse to Picasso. Influenced by Earl Horter's collection and Arthur Carles, he mastered analytical cubism in works such as *The Three Pears* (1923) and in 1925 experimented with Purism in *Moon Behind the Italian House*. In 1925 Kelly was awarded a Cresson Scholarship and on June 14 he left for Europe.

### Paris

The first trip to Europe lasted for approximately three and a half months and introduced Kelly to a culture and place where he felt he belonged. Though he returned to the Academy in the autumn, he left for Europe again a few months later to begin a four-year stay in Paris. He moved into an apartment at 19 rue Daguerre in Paris and began an existence intellectually rich but in creature comforts, very poor. "I kept a cinderblock over the drain in the kitchen sink to keep the rats out of the apartment" he once explained. He frequented the cafes making acquaintances with Henry Miller, James Joyce and the critic Félix Fénéon as well as others. His days were split between copying old master paintings in the Louvre and pursuing modernist ideas that were swirling through the work of all the artists around him.

Patrons during this time were the police official Leon Zamaran, a collector of Courbets, Lautrecs and others, who began collecting Kelly's work. Another was Albert C. Barnes of the Barnes Collection in Philadelphia.

In 1929 Kelly married a young French woman, Henriette D'Erfurth. She appears frequently in paintings and drawings done between 1928 and the early 1930s.

### Philadelphia

The stock market crash of 1929 made it impossible to continue living in Paris and Kelly and Henriette returned to Philadelphia in 1930. He rented a studio on Thompson Street and began working and participating in shows in the city's galleries. Work from 1930 to 1940 showed continuing influences and experimentation with the themes and techniques acquired in Paris as well as a brief foray into Social Realism. The Little Gallery of Contemporary Art purchased the *Absinthe Drinker* in 1931 and in 1932 exhibited *Judgement of Paris* (1932), an ambitious painting with a classical theme. In October 1934, "Interior of a Slaughter House" and several other works were included in "Second Regional Exhibition of Painting and Prints by Philadelphia Artists" at the Whitney Museum in New York.

Kelly joined the Philadelphia Public Works of Art Project and worked on sketches for a mural destined for the School Administration Building. While some sketches survived, one is in the Metropolitan, the mural is lost. The harsh financial conditions of Kelly's life continued and by the late 1930s, Henriette, who spoke no English and whose only companionship outside the home was Helen Lloyd Horter (who spoke French), returned to France permanently When his divorce was finalized, Kelly began seeing Helen Lloyd Horter, a Philadelphia painter and a fellow student at the Academy and who was now the ex-wife of Earl Horter. In 1941 they married.

Kelly continued to work in his studio on Brandywine Street in Philadelphia teaching small classes to gain some income. Kelly's study of the masters in the Louvre collection resulted in great admiration for the Renaissance painter Leonardo da Vinci. His influence is evident in Kelly's notebooks of this time which are full of drawings for World War II battlements and weaponry which echo Leonardo's drawings for the mechanisms of war. He also shared Leonardo's fascination with science and the underlying dynamics of how things work. His interest of the nervous system and sensory aspects of human anatomy would later come important components of his abstract figures of the 1950s and '60s.

### Surrealism

In 1942, Kelly moved out of Philadelphia to Helen's summer home in Harvey Cedars on Long Beach Island, New Jersey. In the 1940s, Harvey Cedars was a sparsely inhabited outpost. A small artists colony existed during summers in the town but in the winter it was reclaimed by the year round population of clammers, dredgers and fishermen. With its wind swept beaches, open expanses of sky, and undisturbed stretches of marsh, Long Beach Island was the perfect place for Kelly to reconnect with the natural environment he had loved as a child on his father's farm. In the stillness of this place his observations of dragonflies, birds and insects in the garden began to translate into a delicacy of line and a language of shapes that would come to characterize his paintings and especially his drawings.

In 1940, Helen Horter had contacted Julien Levy, a Harvard classmate of her brother-in-law Paul Vanderbilt, to propose an exhibition of drawings by Kelly. Levy's gallery, The Julien Levy Gallery on 57th street in New York was at the forefront of innovation and Surrealism. His stable included Salvador Dalí, Arshile Gorky, Yves Tanguy, Roberto Matta, Max Ernst, Joseph Cornell and Marcel Duchamp. Levy was impressed by Kelly's work and began representing him. His first show was an exhibition that travelled to the Art Alliance in Philadelphia in 1941. A one-man show followed in March 1942 in New York. In 1943, the magazine View printed nudes by Kelly and Picasso that resulted in the banning the issue in the US. In 1944, there was a second one-man show at the Julien Levy Gallery.

One of the hallmarks of Kelly's surrealist work are the enormous mosquitos that stalked the canvases. These gigantic insects and their surroundings are meticulously rendered, giving plausibility to the idea that they may, in fact, exist in some undiscovered landscape. One had only to spend a summer evening outdoors in Southern New Jersey to appreciate that the size of these creatures was in part an allegory for their relentless savagery. While mosquitos dominated Kelly's Surrealist work, other creatures began to appear such as beetles, birds and, later, a horses in a series of drawings made for his daughter Paula, *The Butterfly Horse, Birth of Pegasus*.

In 1944 Kelly painted The Plateau of Chess for Julien Levy's exhibit entitled "Imagery of Chess" which opened December 12, 1944. The concept for the show was formulated by Marcel Duchamp and Levy and they invited 32 artists (the number of chess pieces in a set) to participate. The show included new designs for chessmen as well as surreal dreamscapes incorporating chess imagery. On the night of January 6, 1945, a blindfolded chess match was begun with chess master George Koltanowski pitted against several of the artists and Julien Levy himself. Kelly, who did not play chess, confined his participation to a painting of a double landscape, the dominant larger one depicting a receding plane marked out as a chessboard surrounded by dark spindly leafless trees and cliffs. Below it was a broader view of the same landscape but on a much smaller scale.

As Kelly settled into life on the island his work continued to evolve. His relationship with nature intensified and the impressions from it were woven into the several series of paintings: Return and Departure, and the Lunar series. The Return and Departure series was done in the mid 1940s as a reaction to the seasonal ebb and flow of life on the barrier island, the flow of tides, the migration of birds and butterflies and the influx of summer visitors who retreated again in the Fall. Birds in particular begin to appear in his work as symbolic of the fugitive and ephemeral. "Birds and their mystic and silent relationship to the elements. They come and go like the spiritual counterparts of human beings. Down out of infinite space to stand for a moment like the apparition of the soul." He further wrote "People who come to me from a thin thread and then leave and in their departure diminish to a fine thread. These paintings were made on the seaboard and relate to a feeling of people coming and going away from a little platform in eternity and infinite space." See "Atlantic Pastorale", 1944, which is a preliminary sketch for a painting of the same name done in 1945. Abstract representations of figures vary in size and are scattered across the page to denote the appearance of their approach and departure.

In 1946 The Whitney purchased two paintings from this period: "Departure Under the Umbrellas" and "Magic Bird". Though Levy closed his gallery in 1949 and left New York to take up residence in Connecticut, he and Kelly continued a friendship and working relationship through the 1950s.

### Peruvian Series

In the Spring of 1946, Kelly took a teaching job at the Brooklyn Museum School. Here he came in contact with their collection of Peruvian textilesand its impact changed his direction for the next several years. Kelly had concluded that American artists had been under the influence of Europe for too long and was looking for another visual tradition that would be closer to the American experience. He found it in the textiles and began studying Peruvian civilization and art. In 1947 he moved west to teach art at the University of Wyoming in Laramie, Wyoming, where he stayed for two years. On a Christmas vacation from teaching he traveled to New Mexico to visit family friend Edith Warner and the San Ildefonso Indians.

From these influences Kelly merged colors and shapes with cultural references from Indian cultures to come up with his own iconography. Of these paintings he wrote: " ...in developing my work from the pre-incaic themes I did not wish to lose or sacrifice in any way contemporary methods or concepts of painting." One of the main characteristics of this phase was the use of flat shadowless shapes similar to those seen in the textiles. He wrote "this provided for me an unusual feeling of detachment of the figures and objects from a positive earthly connection." Titles of some of the work done under this influence are: "The Priest with Apparition of a Virgin" (1949), "The Solitary Prince", and "Priest and the Virgin Weaver of Cuzco" (1947). Several works of this period were exhibited at a one-man show at the Hugo Gallery in a New York in 1950.

### 1950s and beyond

George Balanchine attended the opening of the show at the Hugo Gallery. Accompanying him was George Volodine, a fellow dancer who had immigrated with him to the United States. Volodine operated a dance school in Westport CT where he prepared students for auditions with the New York City Ballet. Kelly and Volodine struck up a friendship that lasted for over a decade and resulted in collaboration on costume and set designs. Notebooks full of drawings trace the progress for the ballet "Flame", as well as proposals for other productions. "Flame" was produced in Westport in 1950. In the 1950s Kelly was often living alone in Harvey Cedars. Strains in his marriage had resulted in the periodic separations from Helen and his daughter Paula. In the 1950s the island was sparsely inhabited, especially during the winter, so the months alone must have seemed very long. The Lunar series was born out of the experience of the quiet nights when Kelly and his dog Rusty would walk down the street to the bay before bed. The moon, as it rose over the flat landscape and cycled through its phases, suggested the shape of the figures that began to populate his canvases. Combined with the delicate line inspired by insects physiology, the lunar figures described an emotional response to the moon's pale nocturnal presence.

Kelly's work had come into its own and the various influences of the forties jelled into a distinctive style. In subsequent years his work is distinguished by a quality of drawing that bore out Alfred Barr's opinion in 1944 that "Kelly was one of the best American draftsmen". The environment of the island provided Kelly with abundant subject matter from still life to bathers who were transformed into abstract frolicking designs reminiscent of the Lunar figures.

In 1960 Kelly was awarded the William and Noma Copley Foundation grant and lived for a year in Mallorca, Spain. A trip to North Africa during this time resulted in themes of veiled figures such as those seen in a large drawing "The Harem in Generalife", 1963, currently in a New York City collection.

After leaving the Julien Levy Gallery, Kelly was represented by the Alexander Iolas Gallery in New York and had an exhibition of drawings in Milan in 1952. In 1956 he exhibited with the Edwin Hewitt Gallery in New York. Other gallery affiliations include: Zabriski, The Washburn Gallery, Berry Hill Gallery and currently Francis Naumann Gallery and Betty Krulick Gallery in New York City. In 1981 the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York bought "Vista at the Edge of the Sea", 1940. Kelly died in 1982 at his home on Long Beach Island.

The photographer Pete Muller is Kelly's grandson.

## InfoBox

| Leon Kelly | |
| --- | --- |
| Leon Kelly paints a portrait of former Mexican President Manuel Avila Camacho, 1942 | |
| Born | Leon Kelly
(1901-10-21)21 October 1901
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |
| Died | 5 September 1982(1982-09-05) (aged 80)
Loveladies, New Jersey, US |
| Occupation(s) | Painter, Draftsman, Muralist |


title: Leone Lane

abstract: Leone Hallie Lane, known simply as Leone Lane or Leona Lane, was an American actress of the silent film era and the time of the early sound films.

text:
# Leone Lane

**Leone Hallie Lane**, known simply as **Leone Lane** or **Leona Lane**, (November 17, 1908 – March 28, 1993) was an American actress of the silent film era and the time of the early sound films.

## Biography

Leone Hallie Lane was born on November 17, 1908, in Boston, Massachusetts. She was an actress, known for *Wolf Song* (1929), *Stairs of Sand* (1929) and *The Case of Lena Smith* (1929).

## Death

She died on March 28, 1993, in Los Angeles, California of arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Lane is buried at Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Glendale, California.

## Filmography

Film
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1928 | *You Just Know She Dares 'Em* |  |  |
| 1929 | *The Case of Lena Smith* | Pepi | (Only a fragment survives) |
| 1929 | *Wolf Song* | Dance-hall girl |  |
| 1929 | *Betrayal* |  |  |
| 1929 | *Stairs of Sand* |  |  |
| 1929 | *The Saturday Night Kid* | Pearl | Uncredited |
| 1935 | *Dante's Inferno* | Lucrezia Borgia | Uncredited |

## InfoBox

| Leone Lane | |
| --- | --- |
| Jean Arthur, Clara Bow, Jean Harlow and Lane in *The Saturday Night Kid* (1929) | |
| Born | Leone Hallie Lane
(1908-11-17)November 17, 1908
Boston, Massachusetts, U.S. |
| Died | March 28, 1993(1993-03-28) (aged 84)
Los Angeles, California, U.S. |
| Occupation | Actress |
| Years active | 1928–1935 |


title: Leon Podles

abstract: Leon J. Podles is an American author. Podles attended Calvert Hall. He graduated from Providence College with a BA and received a PhD in medieval English and Icelandic literature from the University of Virginia. In 2001, Podles and his wife Mary Elizabeth, donated more than $1.5 million to endow the Kennedy Smith Chair in Catholic Studies at McGill University in memory of Mary Elizabeth's father.

text:
# Leon Podles

**Leon J. Podles** is an American author.

Podles attended Calvert Hall. He graduated from Providence College with a BA and received a PhD in medieval English and Icelandic literature from the University of Virginia.

In 2001, Podles and his wife Mary Elizabeth, donated more than $1.5 million to endow the Kennedy Smith Chair in Catholic Studies at McGill University in memory of Mary Elizabeth's father.

## Books

* *The Church Impotent: The Feminization of Christianity* (1999)
* *Sacrilege: Sexual Abuse in the Catholic Church* (Crossland Foundation Press, 2007)
* *Losing the Good Portion: Why Men Are Alienated from Christianity* (St. Augustines Press, 2020)


title: Leonora (film)

abstract: Leonora is a 1985 Australian sex film about a couple who have an open marriage.

text:
# Leonora (film)

***Leonora*** is a 1985 Australian sex film about a couple who have an open marriage.

## Plot

Ex motor ace Simon Erickson pushes his wife Leonara into an open marriage. She has an affair with Mark Trainer.

## Release

The movie was not released theatrically and went straight to video.

## InfoBox

| Leonora | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Derek Strahan |
| Written by | Derek Strahan |
| Produced by | Geoffrey Brown |
| Starring | Mandi Miller
David Evans
Leon Marvel
Angela Menzies-Wills |
| Cinematography | Geoffrey Brown |
| Production
company | Revolve Pty Limited |
| Distributed by | Showcase |
| Release date | * 1985 (1985) |
| Country | Australia |
| Language | English |
| Budget | A$500,000 |


title: Wen'anyi

abstract: Wen'anyi is a town in Yanchuan County, Yan'an, Shaanxi, China. The town is located in central Yanchuan County, 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from the county center of Dayu Subdistrict. The town spans an area of 325.72 square kilometres (125.76 sq mi), and has a hukou population of 22,098 as of 2018.

text:
# Wen'anyi

**Wen'anyi** (simplified Chinese: 文安驿镇; traditional Chinese: 文安驛鎮; pinyin: *Wén'ānyì Zhèn*) is a town in Yanchuan County, Yan'an, Shaanxi, China. The town is located in central Yanchuan County, 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from the county center of Dayu Subdistrict. The town spans an area of 325.72 square kilometres (125.76 sq mi), and has a hukou population of 22,098 as of 2018.

## History

In 1958, Wen'anyi was established as a people's commune. Xi Jinping was sent to Liangjiahe Village in Wen'anyi in early 1969 as part of Mao Zedong's Down to the Countryside Movement. Xi stayed in the village for seven years, performing manual labor and ascending the local political ranks. In May 1984, Wen'anyi was changed to a township, and in August, it was upgraded to a town. In 2015, the former town of Yujun was merged into Wen'anyi.

## Administrative divisions

Wen'anyi administers 2 residential communities and 23 administrative villages.

### Residential Communities

Wen'anyi contains the following 2 residential communities:

* Wenzhou Community (Chinese: 文州社区)
* Wen'an Community (Chinese: 文安社区)

### Villages

Wen'anyi contains the following 23 administrative villages:

* Shangyi Village (Chinese: 上驿村)
* Xiayi Village (Chinese: 下驿村)
* Majiagou Village (Chinese: 马家沟村)
* Yiluohe Village (Chinese: 依洛河村)
* Liangjiahe Village (Chinese: 梁家河村)
* Baijiayuan Village (Chinese: 白家塬村)
* Yujun Village (Chinese: 禹居村)
* Laozhuanghe Village (Chinese: 老庄河村)
* Tuojiacha Village (Chinese: 驮家岔村)
* Lüjiahe Village (Chinese: 吕家河村)
* Qiaojiahe Village (Chinese: 乔家河村)
* Kangjia Village (Chinese: 康家村)
* Fengjiawan Village (Chinese: 封家湾村)
* Gaojiaping Village (Chinese: 高家坪村)
* Zhangjiatun Village (Chinese: 张家屯村)
* Majiaping Village (Chinese: 马家坪村)
* Gaojiagetu Village (Chinese: 高家圪图村)
* Fanjiagou Village (Chinese: 樊家沟村)
* Haojiahe Village (Chinese: 郝家河村)
* Donggeta Village (Chinese: 东圪塔村)
* Hejiahe Village (Chinese: 贺家河村)
* Dumuyuan Village (Chinese: 杜木塬村)
* Poshihe Village (Chinese: 坡石河村)

## Demographics

Wen'anyi has a hukou population of 22,098 as of 2018.

Prior to the merger of Yujun into Wen'anyi, Wen'anyi's population per the 2010 Chinese Census was 4,178, down from the 5,474 recorded in the 2000 Chinese Census.

A 1996 population estimate put Wen'anyi's population at 7,000.

## Economy

Liangjiahe Village has become a major red tourism site, due to Xi Jinping's years living in the village. According to the People's Daily, about 2,500 people come to visit the village each year. A publication by the government of Yanchuan County reported that Wen'anyi spent 73 million renminbi in 2017 on infrastructure and beautification to further develop tourism.

## Transport

National Highway 210 runs through Wen'anyi.

## InfoBox

| Wen'anyi 文安驿镇 | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
| A yaodong in Liangjiahe Village | |
| Wen'anyi | |
| Coordinates: 36°51′57″N 110°03′19″E / 36.86583°N 110.05528°E / 36.86583; 110.05528 | |
| Country | China |
| Province | Shaanxi |
| Prefecture-level city | Yan'an |
| County | Yanchuan County |
| Area | |
| Total | 325.72 km2 (125.76 sq mi) |
| Population (2018) | |
| Total | 22,098 |
| Density | 68/km2 (180/sq mi) |


title: Leonie Forbes

abstract: Leonie Evadne Forbes OD was a Jamaican actress, broadcaster, and producer who was active in theatre, radio, and television. Forbes born and grew up in Kingston, Jamaica. She attended Kingston Senior School before going on to Excelsior College and the Durham College of Commerce. After leaving school, she worked as a typist at the University of the West Indies. Forbes later began working for playwright Barry Reckord, typing his scripts. She joined the new Jamaica Broadcasting Corporation (JBC) in 1959 as a radio announcer, and later won a scholarship to attend the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) in England. Forbes spent six years at RADA studying radio, television, and stage techniques, at the same time working as a writer for BBC Caribbean and appearing in a number of television dramas – including Z-Cars, The Odd Man, Public Eye, and Hugh and I. Her first appearance in professional theatre came in 1962, when she played in Lloyd Reckord's Busha Bluebeard. In 1966, Forbes returned to Jamaica and resumed her work with the JBC. She lived in Australia from 1968 to 1970 while her husband worked at the University of Queensland, and during that time acted in a number of radio dramas for the Australian Broadcasting Corporation, as well as working part-time as a drama teacher. In 1972, Forbes was appointed head of Radio Two, the JBC's FM service. She was elevated to overall director of radio broadcasting in 1976. Forbes continued acting both during and after her time at the JBC. She appeared in many locally-made plays and films, but also in overseas productions like Milk and Honey, The Orchid House, Soul Survivor, I Is A Long Memoried Woman, What My Mother Told Me, Lord Have Mercy! and A Winter Tale''. In 1980, Forbes was made an Officer of the Order of Distinction for her work. She published an autobiography in 2012.

text:
# Leonie Forbes

**Leonie Evadne Forbes** OD (14 June 1937 – 25 October 2022) was a Jamaican actress, broadcaster, and producer who was active in theatre, radio, and television.

Forbes born and grew up in Kingston, Jamaica. She attended Kingston Senior School before going on to Excelsior College and the Durham College of Commerce. After leaving school, she worked as a typist at the University of the West Indies. Forbes later began working for playwright Barry Reckord, typing his scripts. She joined the new Jamaica Broadcasting Corporation (JBC) in 1959 as a radio announcer, and later won a scholarship to attend the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) in England. Forbes spent six years at RADA studying radio, television, and stage techniques, at the same time working as a writer for BBC Caribbean and appearing in a number of television dramas – including *Z-Cars*, *The Odd Man*, *Public Eye*, and *Hugh and I*. Her first appearance in professional theatre came in 1962, when she played in Lloyd Reckord's *Busha Bluebeard*.

In 1966, Forbes returned to Jamaica and resumed her work with the JBC. She lived in Australia from 1968 to 1970 while her husband worked at the University of Queensland, and during that time acted in a number of radio dramas for the Australian Broadcasting Corporation, as well as working part-time as a drama teacher. In 1972, Forbes was appointed head of Radio Two, the JBC's FM service. She was elevated to overall director of radio broadcasting in 1976. Forbes continued acting both during and after her time at the JBC. She appeared in many locally-made plays and films, but also in overseas productions like *Milk and Honey*, *The Orchid House*, *Soul Survivor*,  *I Is A Long Memoried Woman*, *What My Mother Told Me*, *Lord Have Mercy!* and *A Winter Tale''*. In 1980, Forbes was made an Officer of the Order of Distinction for her work. She published an autobiography in 2012.


abstract: Let's Stay Together is an album by American jazz organist Jimmy McGriff featuring performances recorded in 1966 and 1972 and released on the Groove Merchant label.

text:
# Let's Stay Together (Jimmy McGriff album)

***Let's Stay Together*** is an album by American jazz organist Jimmy McGriff featuring performances recorded in 1966 and 1972 and released on the Groove Merchant label.

## Reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic |  |

Allmusic's Stephen Cook said: "*Let's Stay Together* is a great set by one of the masters of the Hammond B-3 organ sound". On All About Jazz Douglas Payne noted "The music, unfortunately, isn't terribly memorable. But the R&B covers benefit by McGriff's outstanding blues touch and the funky "Tiki" and the glorious blues of "Old Grand Dad" (the only originals) are what make a McGriff album worth every dollar. Although nothing too surprising happens here, McGriff fans will want to pick up on this cut-out classic"

## Track listing

1. "Let's Stay Together" (Al Green, Willie Mitchell, Al Jackson Jr.) – 2:45
2. "Tiki" (Jimmy McGriff) – 4:20
3. "Theme from Shaft" (Isaac Hayes) – 4:00
4. "What's Going On" (Marvin Gaye, Renaldo Benson, Al Cleveland) – 4:33
5. "Old Grand Dad" (McGriff, Thornel Schwartz) – 5:04
6. "Georgia on My Mind" (Hoagy Carmichael, Stuart Gorrell) – 6:42
7. "April in Paris" (Vernon Duke, Yip Harburg) – 5:03

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| Let's Stay Together | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Jimmy McGriff | |
| Released | 1972 |
| Recorded | 1966 and January 1972 |
| Studio | New York City |
| Genre | Jazz |
| Length | 32:27 |
| Label | Groove Merchant
GM 506 |
| Producer | Sonny Lester |
| Jimmy McGriff chronology | |
| *Groove Grease*
(1971) ***Let's Stay Together***
(1972) *Fly Dude*
(1972) | |


title: Westheide

abstract: Westheide is a municipality in the Börde district in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It was formed on 1 January 2010 by the merger of the former municipalities Born, Hillersleben and Neuenhofe.

text:
# Westheide

**Westheide** is a municipality in the Börde district in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It was formed on 1 January 2010 by the merger of the former municipalities Born, Hillersleben and Neuenhofe.

## InfoBox

| Westheide | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
|  | |
| Location of Westheide within Börde district | |
| Westheide Westheide | |
| Coordinates: 52°17′N 11°28′E / 52.283°N 11.467°E / 52.283; 11.467 | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Saxony-Anhalt |
| District | Börde |
| Municipal assoc. | Elbe-Heide |
| Government | |
| Mayor (202229) | Romy Staufenbiel |
| Area | |
| Total | 50.84 km2 (19.63 sq mi) |
| Population (2022-12-31) | |
| Total | 1,718 |
| Density | 34/km2 (88/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal codes | 39343, 39345 |
| Dialling codes | 03904, 039056, 039202 |
| Vehicle registration | BK, OK |
| Website | www.elbe-heide.de |


title: Leopold Krakauer

abstract: Leopold Krakauer was an architect and a painter. He was one of the most prominent architects who worked in Israel in the mid-twenties. He was also a painter who presented drawings and paintings at exhibitions in Israel and all over the world. Krakauer lived in Israel from 1924 until his death.

text:
# Leopold Krakauer

**Leopold Krakauer** (March 1890 – December 1954) was an architect and a painter. He was one of the most prominent architects who worked in Israel in the mid-twenties. He was also a painter who presented drawings and paintings at exhibitions in Israel and all over the world. Krakauer lived in Israel from 1924 until his death.

## Biography

Leopold Krakauer was born in Vienna, the capital of Austria on March 30, 1890. He attended the Royal Imperial High School in Vienna. Then, from 1907 to 1912, Krakauer was a student at the Department of Engineering and Architecture, the Technical College, in Vienna.

In 1909, he studied architecture at the Imperial Academy of Arts in Vienna. In World War I, he served on the Italian front. During the war, he worked on his own designs. In 1919, Krakauer had an exhibition in Vienna. At this exhibition, he met his wife, Greta Wolfe. From 1920 to 1921, Krakauer participated in the planning of the parliament building in Belgrade.

Being one of the finest architects of the International Style of his time, Krakauer immigrated to Palestine with his wife in 1924 after winning an architectural competition for Palestine and soon became involved in architectural projects. He began to work under the leadership of Alexander Baerwald in Haifa. Later, Krakauer moved to Jerusalem. He worked on designing many houses in Jerusalem as well as in other parts of Israel. He was prominent in planning dining rooms and other public buildings. Krakauer was the first to bring modern architecture to Israel. Krakauer was particularly inspired by the architect Adolf Loos, who was also a frequent visitor to his home in Vienna.

In 1948, he was appointed as a member of the Committee of the Flag Symbol, under the Provisional State Council. Krakauer helped choose the symbol of Israel.

His daughter Trude Dothan was an archaeologist. His grandson is Danny Dotan, a singer and songwriter.

## Works

Most of Krakauer's work focuses on field drawing. Many of his works depict Jerusalem and its landscapes. His works can be found in museums in Amsterdam, Munich, and Zurich, as well as all over Europe.

His most famous architectural works include:

* Leopold Krakauer Memorial Exhibition, Davar, January 21, 1955
* Extraordinary artist: Memorial Exhibition of the Krakauer Haifa Museum, Maariv, August 5, 1955
* Article on the remodeling of Beit Bunem
* Stamp Archived December 16, 2007, at the Wayback Machine issued by the Philatelic Service in 1990 showing the dining room designed by Krakauer at Kibbutz Tel Yosef
* Hecht Museum Exhibition
* Chapters Archived March 3, 2016, at the Wayback Machine in the making and shaping of the collective dining room (1926–1935), Cathedra 70, January 1994 (article deals with, among other things, the planning of the dining rooms at the Alpha and Tel Yosef)
* The Last Supper: The historic dining room at Tel Yosef becomes a warehouse, February 8, 2015
* Architecture February 24, 2015
* Review on Building architecture – The Teltsch Haifa Hotel May 14, 2015
* Leopold Krakauer collection at the Israel Museum.
* "Leopold Krakauer". *Information Center for Israeli Art*. Israel Museum. Retrieved July 31, 2016.

## InfoBox

| Leopold Krakauer | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1890-03-30)30 March 1890
Vienna, Austria |
| Died | 1954(1954-00-00) (aged 63–64)
Israel |
| Nationality | Austrian, Israeli |
| Occupation(s) | Architect, painter |
| Known for | Prominent architect in Israel during the 1920s; International Style architecture |
| Spouse | Greta Wolfe |
| Children | Trude Dothan |
| Relatives | Danny Dotan (grandson) |


title: Leopold Kny

abstract: Carl Ignaz Leopold Kny was a German botanist, notable as a specialist in research involving the morphology of fungi and cryptogams. He is best known for his production of botanical wall-charts, the Botanische Wandtafeln. The standard author abbreviation Kny is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.

text:
# Leopold Kny

**Carl Ignaz Leopold Kny** (6 July 1841 – 26 June 1916) was a German botanist, notable as a specialist in research involving the morphology of fungi and cryptogams. He is best known for his production of botanical wall-charts, the *Botanische Wandtafeln*. The standard author abbreviation Kny is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.

## Early life

Kny was born in Breslau on 6 July 1841. At the age of 17, Kny graduated from high school and began to attend the University of Wroclaw. Initially he studied business to follow his father's profession but he was inspired by Heinrich Göppert and Ferdinand Cohn, and he decided to devote himself to the study of botany. In 1860, he took up studies in Munich under the direction of Carl Nägeli. He completed his doctorate in Berlin, where he was a pupil of Alexander Braun He studied leafless liverworts and then went to Sicily and Madeira to recover his health. He began to collect algae samples from southern Europe for his studies. He habilitated in 1867.

## Career

Kny became an associate professor at the Friedrich Wilhelm University, as well as director of the newly formed department of plant physiology in 1873. He also headed the physiology laboratory at the agricultural institute where he succeeded Hermann Karsten. Among his students at Berlin was plant physiologist Hermann Vöchting. Also in 1873, Kny became a member of the Academy of Sciences Leopoldina. In 1880, Kny accepted a position as a professor of botany at the Agricultural University of Berlin, as well as head of the botanical department at Friedrich Wilhelm University. His studies were mostly concerned with the morphology of fungi and cryptograms, especially within the Pteridaceae. Kny also was interested in vascular plants, and he investigated the effects of gravity on growth habit, the anatomy of wood, and the differences of the vascular system between monocots and dicots. In 1908 he became a full honorary professor at Friedrich Wilhelm University. He retired in 1911 but remained as an emeritus. Throughout his career, Kny made 104 publications.

Between 1874 and 1911, Kny produced his *Botanische Wandtafeln*. These were a series of 117 botanical wall charts known for their high level of detail, and were widely used in classrooms long after his death. They were accompanied with a 554-page textbook for explanatory purposes. Kny's wall charts are still revered today, and they are housed in several different museums.

## Legacy

In 1891, botanist Otto Kuntze named the genus *Knyaria* in his honor.

Kny's daughter, Hedwig, married Erich Klausener on 1 August 1914 in Düsseldorf.

## InfoBox

| Carl Ignaz Leopold Kny | |
| --- | --- |
| Portrait of German botanist Leopold Kny | |
| Born | 6 July 1841
Breslau |
| Died | 26 June 1916 (1916-06-27) (aged 74)
Berlin |
| Nationality | German |
| Alma mater | University of Wroclaw
University of Munich |
| Known for | Botanical illustration |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Institutions | Friedrich Wilhelm University |
| Author abbrev. (botany) | Kny |
|  | |


title: Westheim

abstract: Westheim is a municipality in the Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen district, in Bavaria, Germany.

text:
# Westheim

**Westheim** is a municipality in the Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen district, in Bavaria, Germany.

## InfoBox

| Westheim | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Aerial view | |
|  | |
| Location of Westheim within Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen district | |
| Westheim Westheim | |
| Coordinates: 49°0′N 10°40′E / 49.000°N 10.667°E / 49.000; 10.667 | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Bavaria |
| Admin. region | Mittelfranken |
| District | Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen |
| Municipal assoc. | Hahnenkamm |
| Government | |
| Mayor (202026) | Herbert Weigel |
| Area | |
| Total | 28.32 km2 (10.93 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 439 m (1,440 ft) |
| Population (2023-12-31) | |
| Total | 1,152 |
| Density | 41/km2 (110/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal codes | 91747 |
| Dialling codes | 09082 |
| Vehicle registration | WUG |
| Website | www.westheim.info |


title: Wende Barker

abstract: Wende Barker is an American Democratic politician from Laramie, Wyoming. She represented the Albany/H45 district in the Wyoming House of Representatives from 1993 to 1998.

text:
# Wende Barker

**Wende Barker** is an American Democratic politician from Laramie, Wyoming. She represented the Albany/H45 district in the Wyoming House of Representatives from 1993 to 1998.

## InfoBox

| Wende Barker | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Wyoming House of Representatives
from the Albany/H45 district | |
| **In office**
1993–1998 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Political party | Democratic |
|  | |


title: Leopold Koss

abstract: Leopold George Koss was an American physician, pathologist, and professor at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine. He has been called "one of the founding fathers for the field of cytopathology".

text:
# Leopold Koss

**Leopold George Koss** (born **Leopold Kon**; October 2, 1920 – September 11, 2012) was an American physician, pathologist, and professor at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine. He has been called "one of the founding fathers for the field of cytopathology".

## Biography

Koss was born in Langfuhr, Poland. He escaped Nazi persecution in 1942 by entering Switzerland, where he was eventually allowed to continue studying medicine. He received his M.D. degree from the University of Bern, Switzerland in 1946. His parents and sisters were murdered in the Holocaust.

He arrived in the United States in 1947, and did a residency in pathology at Kings County Hospital in Brooklyn, New York. From 1952 to 1970, minus a stint in the Korean War, he was on staff at the Memorial Sloan–Kettering Cancer Center. In 1973, he was named Chairman of the Department of Pathology at Montefiore Medical Center and the Albert Einstein College of Medicine.

## Awards

Koss received the Papanicolaou, Goldblatt, and Masubuchi Awards, the Sloan Award in Cancer Research, and the Gold-headed Cane Award from the American Society for Investigative Pathology. He was a distinguished member of the American Society of Cytopathology.

## Works

His textbook *Koss' Diagnostic Cytology and its Histopathologic Bases,* in its fifth edition as of 2005, is considered a classic in the field of cytopathology.

* Diagnostic Cytology and Its Histopathologic Bases, 5th rev. edition 2006
* Tumors of the Urinary Bladder, 1975, Supplement, 1984
* Aspiration Biopsy: Cytologic Interpretation and Histologic Bases, 2d rev. edition 1992
* Introduction to Gynecologic Cytology, 1999

9 Sanchez M. A personal Memory of Leo Koss Cancer Cytopathology Volume 120, Issue 6, pages 419–420, 25 December 2012

## Further reading

* Cilia-Vincenti, Albert (July 29, 2007). "Cervical screening". *Times of Malta*. Retrieved 14 October 2012.

## InfoBox

| Leopold Koss | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Leopold Kon
October 2, 1920
Langfuhr, Poland |
| Died | September 11, 2012 (age 91)
New York, New York |
| Nationality | American |
| Occupation | pathologist |
| Known for | cytopathology research |


title: Leptosteges pulverulenta

abstract: Leptosteges pulverulenta is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by William Warren in 1889. It is found in the Brazilian state of Amazonas. The wingspan is about 16 mm. The forewings are whitish, dusted with brownish and with two transverse brown lines. The hindwings are white, with the same markings as found on the forewings, but the first line is only represented as a small brown dash.

text:
# Leptosteges pulverulenta

***Leptosteges pulverulenta*** is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by William Warren in 1889. It is found in the Brazilian state of Amazonas.

The wingspan is about 16 mm. The forewings are whitish, dusted with brownish and with two transverse brown lines. The hindwings are white, with the same markings as found on the forewings, but the first line is only represented as a small brown dash.

## InfoBox

| *Leptosteges pulverulenta* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Crambidae |
| Genus: | *Leptosteges* |
| Species: | ***L. pulverulenta*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Leptosteges pulverulenta***<br>Warren, 1889 | |
|


title: Lewis Veraldi

abstract: Lewis C. Veraldi was a Ford Motor Company automotive engineer who was a key leader behind the creation of the Ford Taurus. Veraldi was the son of working-class Italian immigrants who managed to get Lewis and his brother Frank into the Henry Ford Trade School with both working at Ford afterwards. Lewis would attend Lawrence Technological University while working at Ford. Earlier in his career, Veraldi designed a more efficient steering linkage and led the platform team for the Ford Fiesta MKI. In 1979, Ford Motor Company was in danger of going bankrupt thanks to a moribund product line and increased competition from foreign automakers. Philip Caldwell, Ford's CEO at the time, put Veraldi in charge of a new car to turn Ford's fortunes around, aware that the future of the company would be riding on it. The Taurus would be a sales success, and set the path for a revitalized Ford Motor Company going into the 1980s and the 1990s. Often called the "father of the Taurus," Veraldi ended his career as Ford Motor Company vice president in charge of car development, and retired in 1989. He would die from a heart attack one year later in 1990.

text:
# Lewis Veraldi

**Lewis C. Veraldi** (July 16, 1930  October 13, 1990) was a Ford Motor Company automotive engineer who was a key leader behind the creation of the Ford Taurus.

Veraldi was the son of working-class Italian immigrants who managed to get Lewis and his brother Frank into the Henry Ford Trade School with both working at Ford afterwards. Lewis would attend Lawrence Technological University while working at Ford. Earlier in his career, Veraldi designed a more efficient steering linkage and led the platform team for the Ford Fiesta MKI.

In 1979, Ford Motor Company was in danger of going bankrupt thanks to a moribund product line and increased competition from foreign automakers. Philip Caldwell, Ford's CEO at the time, put Veraldi in charge of a new car to turn Ford's fortunes around, aware that the future of the company would be riding on it.

The Taurus would be a sales success, and set the path for a revitalized Ford Motor Company going into the 1980s and the 1990s.

Often called the "father of the Taurus," Veraldi ended his career as Ford Motor Company vice president in charge of car development, and retired in 1989. He would die from a heart attack one year later in 1990.

## Honors

* Automotive Executive of the Year 1987
* Automotive Industries magazine Man of the Year 1987
* Eli Whitney Productivity Award 1987 - Society of Manufacturing Engineers
* Lawrence Technological University - Veraldi Instructional Technology Resource Center (VITRC)

## InfoBox

| Lewis Veraldi | |
| --- | --- |
| Lewis Veraldi in 1986 | |
| Born | Lewis C. Veraldi<br>(1930-07-16)July 16, 1930 |
| Died | October 13, 1990(1990-10-13) (aged 60) |
| Alma mater |  |
| Occupation(s) | Automobile engineer and executive |
| Known for | Leadership in the creation of the Ford Taurus |


title: Lex Stone

abstract: Andrew Alexis "Lex" Stone was an American football player, a coach of football and basketball, and a politician.

text:
# Lex Stone

**Andrew Alexis "Lex" Stone** (May 19, 1885 – March 22, 1925) was an American football player, a coach of football and basketball, and a politician.

## Sewanee

Stone was a prominent tackle for the Sewanee Tigers of Sewanee:The University of the South. At Sewanee he was a member of Phi Delta Theta. Stone was picked as a second-team tackle on Sewanee's All-time football team. He stood some 6'2" and 172 pounds.

### 1907

Stone was selected All-Southern in 1907. Vanderbilt coach Dan McGugin wrote "Lex Stone, of Sewanee, at left tackle was also an exceptional man. He is strong, fast, heavy and good running with the ball or stopping an opponent who has it. He, too, is a line man of a decade for a SIAA college." He was given honorable mention by Walter Camp.

## Tennessee

Stone served as the head football coach at the University of Tennessee for one season in 1910, compiling a record 3–5–1. He also coached the Tennessee Volunteers basketball team during the 1910–11 season, tallying a mark of 7–9. Stone also served in the Tennessee House of Representatives from 1913 to 1915.

## Head coaching record

### Football

| Year | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing | Bowl/playoffs |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Tennessee Volunteers** *(Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association)* (1910) | | | | | | | | |
| 1910 | Tennessee | 3–5–1 | 1–4 | 13th |  |
| **Tennessee:** | | 3–5–1 | 1–4 |  | | | | |
| **Total:** | | 3–5–1 |  | | | | | | |

### Basketball

Statistics overview
| Season | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing | Postseason |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Tennessee Volunteers**  *()* (1910–1911) | | | | | | | | |
| 1910–11 | Tennessee | 7–9 |  |  |  |
| **Tennessee:** | | 7–9 (.438) |  |  | | | | |
| **Total:** | | 7–9 (.438) |  | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

Lex Stone
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Biographical details | |
| Born | (1885-05-19)May 19, 1885
Dellrose, Tennessee, U.S. |
| Died | March 22, 1925(1925-03-22) (aged 39)
New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S. |
| Playing career | |
| Football | |
| 1906–1907 | Sewanee |
|  | |
| Position(s) | Tackle |
| Coaching career (HC unless noted) | |
| Football | |
| 1910 | Tennessee |
| Basketball | |
| 1910–1911 | Tennessee |
|  | |
| Head coaching record | |
| Overall | 3–5–1 (football)
7–9 (basketball) |
| Accomplishments and honors | |
| Awards | |
| All-Southern
2nd All-Time Sewanee football team | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Lexington High School (Tennessee)

abstract: Lexington High School is a grade 9–12 high school in Lexington, Tennessee. The school's enrollment is roughly 1,000 students.

text:
# Lexington High School (Tennessee)

**Lexington High School** is a grade 9–12 high school in Lexington, Tennessee. The school's enrollment is roughly 1,000 students.

## Academics

Jackson State Community College offers some AP classes on-campus, as well as off-campus classes, including English Language, English Literature, and Calculus.

## Extra-curricular activities

Clubs include Future Farmers of America FFA, Family, Career, and Community Leaders of America FCCLA, Student Council, Air Force JROTC, and Renaissance. LHS also has a marching band, cheerleading squad, dance team, BETA, tennis, volleyball, soccer, baseball, football, basketball, and a yearbook staff.

## Sports

Girls' sports include volleyball, golf, basketball, cross country, track, softball, dance team, tennis, and cheerleading. Boys' sports include golf, football, basketball, soccer, cross country, track & field, tennis, and baseball.

Lexington football team has a tradition of excellence. In 2005, the team finished the regular season undefeated and went on to win their first 12 games of the season before losing to David Lipscomb in the quarterfinals of the 3A playoffs. Also went undefeated in 2011 regular season.

Lexington's golf team won the TSSAA State Championship in 2003. In 2004, the golf team finished 5th at State. The Lexington Baseball team won the TSSAA State Championship in 2002. Steve Sweat was player of the year in AA. Jason Patterson was coach of the year in the state for AA.

## Notable alumni

* Jerry Graves – All-American Basketball Player from 1955 to 1957, Went on to play at Mississippi State
* James Dale Todd – US District Court Judge for Western Tennessee 1985–2008.
* S. Thomas Anderson – US District Court Judge for Western Tennessee 2008–present.

35°39′29″N 88°23′17″W / 35.658°N 88.388°W / 35.658; -88.388

## InfoBox

| Lexington High School | |
| --- | --- |
| Address | |
|  | |
| 284 White Street
Lexington, (Henderson County), Tennessee 38351
United States | |
| Information | |
| Type | Public high school |
| Principal | Steve Lindsey |
| Staff | 56.00 (FTE) |
| Enrollment | 901 (2022-23) |
| Student to teacher ratio | 16.09 |
| Color(s) | Red and white |
| Nickname | Tigers |
| Website |  |