title: Ten Mile Run, New Jersey

abstract: Ten Mile Run is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) located in Franklin Township, in Somerset County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2010 United States Census, the CDP's population was 1,959.

text:
# Ten Mile Run, New Jersey

**Ten Mile Run** is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) located in Franklin Township, in Somerset County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2010 United States Census, the CDP's population was 1,959.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, Ten Mile Run had a total area of 2.539 square miles (6.576 km2), including 2.538 square miles (6.573 km2) of land and 0.001 square miles (0.002 km2) of water (0.04%).

The area is named for the Ten Mile Run, a stream of the same name the hill on which it sits (part of the Rocky Hill Ridge). The area is located along Route 27 (Lincoln Highway) near its intersection with County Route 518. It is located across Route 27 from South Brunswick, Middlesex County. Most of the area consists of less densely-spaced single family homes throughout and commercial establishments along Route 27. The remainder of the area is forested and hilly as the terrain descends towards the Delaware and Raritan Canal and Millstone River. Kendall Park, the CDP located on the South Brunswick side of Route 27, consists of more densely-spaced homes.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2010 | 1,959 |  |  |
| 2020 | 2,055 |  | 4.9% |
| Population sources: 2010 | | | |

### 2010 census

The 2010 United States census counted 1,959 people, 602 households, and 514 families in the CDP. The population density was 771.9 per square mile (298.0/km2). There were 622 housing units at an average density of 245.1 per square mile (94.6/km2). The racial makeup was 31.85% (624) White, 11.94% (234) Black or African American, 0.05% (1) Native American, 50.54% (990) Asian, 0.00% (0) Pacific Islander, 2.30% (45) from other races, and 3.32% (65) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.33% (124) of the population.

Of the 602 households, 49.8% had children under the age of 18; 79.6% were married couples living together; 3.8% had a female householder with no husband present and 14.6% were non-families. Of all households, 10.1% were made up of individuals and 3.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.25 and the average family size was 3.53.

29.4% of the population were under the age of 18, 3.5% from 18 to 24, 33.9% from 25 to 44, 24.9% from 45 to 64, and 8.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37.0 years. For every 100 females, the population had 105.3 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 103.2 males.

## InfoBox

| Ten Mile Run, New Jersey | |
| --- | --- |
| Census-designated place | |
| Location of Ten Mile Run at the intersection of Route 27 and CR 518 | |
| Ten Mile RunLocation in Somerset CountyTen Mile RunLocation in New JerseyTen Mile RunLocation in the United States | |
| Coordinates: 40°25′27″N 74°35′11″W / 40.424136°N 74.586348°W / 40.424136; -74.586348 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | New Jersey |
| County | Somerset |
| Township | Franklin |
| Area | |
| Total | 2.54 sq mi (6.58 km2) |
| Land | 2.54 sq mi (6.58 km2) |
| Water | 0.00 sq mi (0.00 km2)  0.04% |
| Elevation | 213 ft (65 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 2,055 |
| Density | 809.37/sq mi (312.50/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC−05:00 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC−04:00 (Eastern (EDT)) |
| Area code(s) | 609/640 and 732/848 |
| FIPS code | 34-72435 |
| GNIS feature ID | 02584033 |


title: Vein of bulb of penis

abstract: The vein of bulb of penis is a tributary of the internal pudendal vein.

text:
# Vein of bulb of penis

The **vein of bulb of penis** is a tributary of the internal pudendal vein.

## InfoBox

| Vein of bulb of penis | |
| --- | --- |
| Details | |
| Drains from | Bulb of penis |
| Drains to | Internal pudendal vein |
| Artery | Artery of bulb of penis |
| Identifiers | |
| Latin | *vena bulbi penis* |
| TA98 | A12.3.10.023M |
| TA2 | 5037 |
| FMA | 77510 |
| Anatomical terminology | |


title: The Basil and Josephine Stories

abstract: The Basil and Josephine Stories is a collection of two separate short stories collections by F. Scott Fitzgerald which initially ran serially in The Saturday Evening Post. Some of them were later collected in Taps at Reveille and posthumous short story collections. The title characters were intended by Fitzgerald to meet each other, but this never happened in his literature. Basil Duke Lee, who was a fictionalized version of F. Scott Fitzgerald's younger self. Scott draws from his own experiences as a child and an adolescent. On the hand, Josephine, was a fictional character based on real life stories of a young woman whom allegedly, Scott had been in love with in his youth. In various correspondences Fitzgerald expressed admiration for the Lee stories, based on a young man's life in the Midwest. Josephine is a sultry character who is presented as a headstrong woman. Some critics have theorized she is based on Ginevra King, the celebrated Chicago debutante who was Fitzgerald's "first love".

text:
# The Basil and Josephine Stories

The ***Basil and Josephine Stories*** is a collection of two separate short stories collections (one about Basil Duke Lee, the other about Josephine Perry) by F. Scott Fitzgerald which initially ran serially in *The Saturday Evening Post*. Some of them were later collected in *Taps at Reveille* and posthumous short story collections. The title characters were intended by Fitzgerald to meet each other, but this never happened in his literature. Basil Duke Lee, who was a fictionalized version of F. Scott Fitzgerald's younger self. Scott draws from his own experiences as a child and an adolescent.

On the hand, Josephine, was a fictional character based on real life stories of a young woman whom allegedly, Scott had been in love with in his youth.

In various correspondences Fitzgerald expressed admiration for the Lee stories, based on a young man's life in the Midwest. Josephine is a sultry character who is presented as a headstrong woman. Some critics have theorized she is based on Ginevra King, the celebrated Chicago debutante who was Fitzgerald's "first love".

## Stories

**Basil**

* "That Kind of Party" (*The Princeton University Library Chronicle*, Summer 1951)
* "The Scandal Detectives" (*Saturday Evening Post*, April 28, 1928)
* "A Night at the Fair" (*Saturday Evening Post*, July 21, 1928)
* "The Freshest Boy" *(Saturday Evening Post*, July 28, 1928)
* "He Thinks He's Wonderful" (*Saturday Evening Post*, September 29, 1928)
* "The Captured Shadow" *(Saturday Evening Post*, December 29, 1928)
* "The Perfect Life" (*Saturday Evening Post*, January 25, 1929)
* "Forging Ahead" (*Saturday Evening Post*, March 30, 1929)
* "Basil and Cleopatra" (*Saturday Evening Post*, April 27, 1929)

**Josephine**

* "First Blood" (*Saturday Evening Post*, April 5, 1930)
* "A Nice Quiet Place" (*Saturday Evening Post*, May 31, 1930)
* "A Woman with a Past" (*Saturday Evening Post*, September 6, 1930)
* "A Snobbish Story" (*Saturday Evening Post*, November 29, 1930)
* "Emotional Bankruptcy" (*Saturday Evening Post*, August 15, 1931)

The Basil stories detail the emotional growth of a character named Basil Lee who starts as a young man living in the Midwest and ends up, by the age of 17, ready to enter the world of Yale. Throughout the stories he is unaware of his potential until the moment he is about to lose it. Josephine Perry is described as a "Chicago Girl" whose family has a prominent role in society. This allows her to make decisions without fear of consequences. For example, when she is expelled from school she is reinstated because of her father's influence. Unlike other rebellious teenagers, such as Holden Caulfield, Josephine understands her academic problems will sort themselves out on their own.

Both characters find true love is alluring but fleeting and both stories detail the evolution of each particular character's destiny, whether they like it or not.

## History

Fitzgerald wrote these stories circa 1928, when he was bucking the pressure to write a sequel to *The Great Gatsby*. Toiling over *Tender is the Night*, he wrote these stories while reflecting on his youth in the Midwest. *The Saturday Evening Post* published the bulk of both the Basil and Josephine stories providing Fitzgerald with an ample regular paycheck. He noted that the characters typified what he called "emotional bankruptcy" and it was during this time he also wanted to claim a part of his past he once cherished, while resenting the nefarious influence of class distinctions and sell-outs in the world.


title: Verdelais

abstract: Verdelais is a commune in the Gironde department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.

text:
# Verdelais

**Verdelais** (French pronunciation: \[vɛʁdəlɛ\]) is a commune in the Gironde department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1962 | 846 |  |
| 1968 | 831 | −1.8% |
| 1975 | 923 | +11.1% |
| 1982 | 880 | −4.7% |
| 1990 | 869 | −1.2% |
| 1999 | 869 | +0.0% |
| 2008 | 898 | +3.3% |

## InfoBox

| Verdelais | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| Town hall | |
| Location of Verdelais | |
| VerdelaisVerdelais | |
| Coordinates: 44°35′19″N 0°15′02″W / 44.5886°N 0.2506°W / 44.5886; -0.2506 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Nouvelle-Aquitaine |
| Department | Gironde |
| Arrondissement | Langon |
| Canton | L'Entre-Deux-Mers |
| Intercommunality | Sud Gironde |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Corinne Ribauville |
| Area**1** | 4.75 km2 (1.83 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 1,035 |
| Density | 220/km2 (560/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 33543 /33490 |
| Elevation | 2–103 m (6.6–337.9 ft)
(avg. 70 m or 230 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Wardija Ridge

abstract: Wardija Ridge is a plateau found in a group in the north of Mġarr, Malta, just outside of Wardija. Wardija Ridge is part of a series of hills that run on a southwest-northeast axis from the Għajn Tuffieħa area in Mġarr to the Xemxija Bay area in St. Paul's Bay. The Northern ridge edge is interrupted by a series of valley systems which discharge into il-Wied tal-Pwales. Located at 35°55'54.02" latitude and 14°22'18.01" longitude, the 139-meter-high Wardija Ridge has a total of more than 40 tourist attraction spots divided into six sections. Wardija Ridge has been assigned a Level 2 degree of protection as Areas of Ecological Importance and Sites of Scientific Importance, and supports important garigue communities characterized by rare species. Other levels of protection have been given to the three valley systems in the scheduled areas, the upper reaches of the watercourse of Il-Wied ta' San Martin and the Southern part of the promontory known as L-Argentier. In 1915, the British built Wardija Battery on the east end of the ridge. The battery became obsolete in 1938, but its gun emplacements remain.

text:
# Wardija Ridge

**Wardija Ridge** is a plateau found in a group in the north of Mġarr, Malta, just outside of Wardija. Wardija Ridge is part of a series of hills that run on a southwest-northeast axis from the Għajn Tuffieħa area in Mġarr to the Xemxija Bay area in St. Paul's Bay. The Northern ridge edge is interrupted by a series of valley systems which discharge into il-Wied tal-Pwales.

Located at 35°55'54.02" latitude and 14°22'18.01" longitude, the 139-meter-high Wardija Ridge has a total of more than 40 tourist attraction spots divided into six sections.

Wardija Ridge has been assigned a Level 2 degree of protection as Areas of Ecological Importance and Sites of Scientific Importance, and supports important garigue communities characterized by rare species. Other levels of protection have been given to the three valley systems in the scheduled areas, the upper reaches of the watercourse of Il-Wied ta' San Martin and the Southern part of the promontory known as L-Argentier.

In 1915, the British built Wardija Battery on the east end of the ridge. The battery became obsolete in 1938, but its gun emplacements remain.

35°56′32.9″N 14°23′49.4″E / 35.942472°N 14.397056°E / 35.942472; 14.397056


title: Water Witch (novel)

abstract: Water Witch is a science fiction novel by authors Connie Willis and Cynthia Felice that was first published in 1982.

text:
# Water Witch (novel)

***Water Witch*** is a science fiction novel by authors Connie Willis and Cynthia Felice that was first published in 1982.

## Plot introduction

On the desert planet of Mahali, political power is held by a hereditary line of water witches who can sense and control water. A young con artist girl named Deza tries to impersonate a water witch, helped by the spirit of her recently dead conman father, who now resides in a small animal called a mbuzi.

## Characters in *Water Witch*

* Radi
* Deza
* Edvar
* Princess Sheria

## Publication history

## InfoBox

Water Witch
| Cover of the Ace Books paperback edition | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Connie Willis and Cynthia Felice |
| Genre | Science fiction |
| Publisher | Ace Books |
| Publication date | January 1982 |
| Media type | Print (Paperback) |
| ISBN | 978-0-441-87379-1 |
| OCLC | 8137602 |
| LC Class | CPB Box no. 2484 vol. 14 |


title: Mercedes Matias-Santiago

abstract: Mercedes Matias Santiago was a Filipino soprano and music educator.

text:
# Mercedes Matias-Santiago

**Mercedes Matias Santiago** (March 4, 1910 – June 20, 2003) was a Filipino soprano and music educator.

## Early life

Born Mercedes Matias on March 4, 1910 in Cavite City, Cavite, Philippines, she was one of three children of Juan Matias of Ligao, Albay and Rosario Regalado of Cavite City. Her father worked as a division head at the U.S. Navy yards in Cavite. (Guerrero 2002, p. Q14)

Matias grew up surrounded by opera music and she and her family regularly attended performances at the Manila Grand Opera House. From this inspiration, she showed early promise as a soprano. After attending public schools in her home town, she moved to Manila to study under Maestro Victorino Carrion and the Englishwoman Kay Williams, both of whom were prominent music instructors in the Philippine capital. (Bañas 1935, p. 556 and Villaruz 2006, pp. 77–78)

## Career

### Italy

In 1928, Matias travelled to Milan in order to further her voice training. It is said that her father sold three property lots to pay for her expenses. (Guerrero 2002, p. Q14) She was the third Filipino classical singer, after Isang Tapales and Jovita Fuentes, to leave the country to pursue further studies abroad. Matias stayed in Italy from 1928 to 1932 and during this time took part in opera performances in Turin, Venice and Milan. She performed in concerts for the benefit of Milan's fascists and on one occasion, had the distinction of singing before Italian dictator Benito Mussolini. (Guerrero 2002, p. Q14)

There are two differing accounts of Mercedes Matias' first performance in a leading role in Italy. According to one commentator, she debuted as Gilda in Verdi's opera *Rigoletto* at Turin's Teatro Comunale in 1929. (Tariman 2003, p. D2 and Tariman 2009) Another source states she debuted in the same role in 1931 at the Teatro Dolverne in Milan. (Guerrero 2002, p. Q14) In addition to these performances, Matias sang the lead female role in *Rigoletto* in Venice as well as similar lead roles in *Lucia di Lammermoor*, *La Sonnambula* and *Il barbiere di Siviglia* in Milan.

### Fame in the Philippines

After her return to the Philippines, Matias performed as a coloratura soprano at the Manila Grand Opera House, which she had frequented as a child, as well as at the new Manila Metropolitan Theater. She reprised several of the roles she had performed in Italy, including that of Lucia in *Lucia di Lammermoor*. She was also one of the first Filipinas to sing Verdi's *Traviata*. Indeed, during the 1930s and 1940s, she was the number one interpreter of both operas in the Philippines. (Tariman 2009)

Matias was a popular radio performer as well. Readers and radio listeners who participated in a contest run by the Philippine magazine *Graphic* in 1934 - which garnered more than 16,000 ballots - voted her number two among the best classical singers appearing on radio in the Philippines, behind Anita Galan. (Enriquez 2008, p. 106)

A high point in Mercedes Matias' career occurred after she performed the role of Anina in Bellini's opera *La Sonnambula*, when Philippine Commonwealth President Manuel L. Quezon sent her a seven-foot (two-meter) bouquet with an inscription that read *Ruiseñor de Filipinas* (Nightingale of the Philippines). (Tariman 2009) For that performance, she was accompanied by the Manila Symphony Orchestra (MSO). In all, Matias appeared as a vocal soloist with the MSO in 1933, 1936, 1947 and 1952.

Following one of her performances in 1948, the *Manila Chronicle* wrote: "As in other cities abroad where the presentation of higher types of music is part of community life, the cosmopolitan population of Manila jammed the UST Gym to listen, look and applaud Mercedes Matias Santiago as the country's one and only Lucia di Lammermoor. The audience headed by President Manuel A. Roxas gave Santiago thunderous ovations that implied their approval." (quoted in Tariman 2003, p. D2)

### Teacher

Besides singing professionally, Mercedes Matias taught voice culture at the University of the Philippines' Conservatory of Music in the 1930s and later served briefly as an instructor in the Music Department at St. Paul College in Manila in 1943 before it was occupied by Japanese soldiers. After the war, she taught at the University of Santo Tomas Conservatory as well as in private schools. Her list of distinguished pupils included Dalisay Aldaba, Conchita Gaston, Enya Gonzalez, Remedios Bosch Jimenez, Luz Morales, Consuelo Salazar and Catalina Zandueta, as well as presidential wives Aurora Quezon and Imelda Marcos. (Cornejo 1939, p. 1936 and Guerrero 2002, p. Q14)

## Personal life

According to a contemporary source, Mercedes Matias married Gerónimo Santiago Jr., son of former Manila city councillor Gerónimo Santiago Sr. and Ildefensa Cichangco, in 1936. (Cornejo 1939, p. 1936) However, according to marriage registration records, they were only officially wedded eight years later, on February 19, 1944, at the Catholic Church in Sampaloc, Manila. The marriage contract indicated that both bride and groom were single and 33 years old. This marriage subsequently broke down and the couple separated, principally because Matias-Santiago could not have children. (Tariman 2009)

In the 1950s, Matias-Santiago began a romantic relationship with one of her students, the tenor Aristeo Velasco. As a leading Philippine music commenter later wrote, theirs "was a case of love ignited and intensified by music".(Tariman 2009) Velasco left his wife to live with Matias-Santiago, causing a scandal in the Philippines and irreparable harm to her career. As a result, she lost her teaching position and earned a living by giving private lessons.

## Later years

Matias-Santiago continued to give voice lessons for many years in her rented two-storey apartment and studio located at no. 1081 Maceda Street in Sampaloc, Metro Manila, where she and Aristeo Velasco resided. 'The Maestra', as she was known, taught music altogether for 70 years. (Tariman 2003, p. D2)

Forgotten by most Filipinos and passed over for major awards, Matias-Santiago nonetheless continued to have her supporters. In a biographical article entitled "A Neglected Living Treasure", which appeared in the *Sunday Inquirer Magazine* in 2002, she told an interviewer: "My life is something like the opera 'Lucia de Lammermoor'... It's a little sad, a little tragic and a little romantic." (Guerrero 2002, p. Q14)

Mercedes Matias-Santiago died during the afternoon of June 20, 2003, at the age of 93. Her partner Aristeo Velasco predeceased her.

## Additional sources

Bañas, Raymundo C. (1935). "Maestro Victorino Carrion, 1872-1935". *Philippine Magazine*, 32 (January 1935).

Carrion, Carmita L. (1958). "The Manila Symphony Society: 1926-1958", *Philippine Studies*, 6 (1).

Cornejo, Miguel R., compiler and editor (1939). *Cornejo's Commonwealth Directory of the Philippines (1939 edition).* Miguel R. Cornejo (publisher).

Enriquez, Elizabeth L. (2008). *Appropriation of Colonial Broadcasting: A History of Early Radio in the Philippines, 1922-1946*. University of the Philippines Press.

FamilySearch. "Philippines, Manila, Civil Registration, 1899-1984," online database with images.

Guerrero, Amadis Maria (2002). "A Neglected Living Treasure", *Sunday Inquirer Magazine*, 12 May 2002.

Tariman, Pablo (2003). "Mercedes Matias Santiago, last of the great divas", *Philippine Daily Inquirer*, 23 June 2003.

Tariman, Pablo (2009). "The Maestra and Her Young Tenor", *Sunday Inquirer Magazine*, 8 February 2009.

Villaruz, Basilio Esteban S. (2006). *Treading Through: 45 Years of Philippine Dance*. University of the Philippines Press.

## InfoBox

| Mercedes Matias-Santiago | |
| --- | --- |
| Matias Santiango around 1936 | |
| Born | Mercedes Matias
(1910-03-04)March 4, 1910
San Roque, Cavite, Philippine Islands, United States |
| Died | June 20, 2003(2003-06-20) (aged 93)
Sampaloc, Manila, Philippines |
| Occupation | Philippines |


title: Warren East High School

abstract:
Warren East High School is a high school in Bowling Green, Kentucky. Established in 1969, it is in the Warren County Public Schools. Principal: Jonathan Vincent (2020-Present)
Assistant Principals: Caley Ruth, Kyle Yates
Dean of Students: Patrick White

text:
# Warren East High School

**Warren East High School** is a high school in Bowling Green, Kentucky. Established in 1969, it is in the Warren County Public Schools.

Principal: Jonathan Vincent (2020-Present) Assistant Principals: Caley Ruth, Kyle Yates Dean of Students: Patrick White37°02′13″N 86°20′25″W / 37.0369°N 86.3402°W / 37.0369; -86.3402

## InfoBox

| Warren East High School | |
| --- | --- |
| Address | |
|  | |
| 6867 Louisville Road
Bowling Green, (Warren County), Kentucky 42101
United States | |
| Information | |
| Type | Public high school |
| School district | Warren County Schools |
| Principal | Jonathan Vincent |
| Staff | 55.00 (FTE) |
| Enrollment | 1,031 (2022-23) |
| Student to teacher ratio | 18.75 |
| Color(s) | Blue and gold |
| Nickname | Raiders |
| Website |  |


abstract: The Mesothelioma Applied Research Foundation is a nonprofit organization funded by charitable donations that in turn funds mesothelioma research, provides support services to patients, educates the public, and advocates in Washington, DC for governmental funding for mesothelioma research. The organization's mission is to eradicate mesothelioma, a cancer caused by exposure to asbestos, as a life-ending disease. Of its donors, 65% are individuals personally affected by mesothelioma. The remaining 35% include pharmaceutical companies, labor unions, plaintiff and defendant attorneys, and companies that have manufactured asbestos products. To date, the foundation has funded over $11.5 million in clinical research and is the host of the annual International Symposium on Malignant Mesothelioma. The organization was founded in 1999 and became tax-exempt in 2000. The organization's board of directors is composed by Marjorie G. Zauderer, MD, Westchester Medical Center, Chair; Jessica Blackford-Cleeton; Cheryl Bruner, Esq.; Keith Cengel, MD, PhD, University of Pennsylvania; Darciena Christel; Jason Foster, MD, University of Nebraska; R. Taylor Ripley, MD, Baylor University; Daniel Sterman, MD, New York University; James Stevenson, MD, Cleveland Clinic.

text:
# Mesothelioma Applied Research Foundation

The **Mesothelioma Applied Research Foundation** (**Meso Foundation**, formerly **MARF**) is a nonprofit organization funded by charitable donations that in turn funds mesothelioma research, provides support services to patients, educates the public, and advocates in Washington, DC for governmental funding for mesothelioma research. The organization's mission is to eradicate mesothelioma, a cancer caused by exposure to asbestos, as a life-ending disease.

Of its donors, 65% are individuals personally affected by mesothelioma. The remaining 35% include pharmaceutical companies, labor unions, plaintiff and defendant attorneys, and companies that have manufactured asbestos products.

To date, the foundation has funded over $11.5 million in clinical research and is the host of the annual *International Symposium on Malignant Mesothelioma*. The organization was founded in 1999 and became tax-exempt in 2000. The organization's board of directors is composed by Marjorie G. Zauderer, MD, Westchester Medical Center, Chair; Jessica Blackford-Cleeton; Cheryl Bruner, Esq.; Keith Cengel, MD, PhD, University of Pennsylvania; Darciena Christel; Jason Foster, MD, University of Nebraska; R. Taylor Ripley, MD, Baylor University; Daniel Sterman, MD, New York University; James Stevenson, MD, Cleveland Clinic.

## InfoBox

Mesothelioma Applied Research Foundation
|
|  |
| Formation | 1999 |
| Type | Non-profit organization |
| Legal status | Foundation |
| Headquarters | Washington, D.C. |
| Location | * 1717 K Street NW
Suite 900
Washington, D.C. 20006 |
| Region served | United States |
| Director of Communications and Operations | Maja Belamaric |
| Website | www.curemeso.org |


title: Mesothelium

abstract: The mesothelium is a membrane composed of simple squamous epithelial cells of mesodermal origin, which forms the lining of several body cavities: the pleura, peritoneum and pericardium. Mesothelial tissue also surrounds the male testis and occasionally the spermatic cord. Mesothelium that covers the internal organs is called visceral mesothelium, while one that covers the surrounding body walls is called the parietal mesothelium. The mesothelium that secretes serous fluid as a main function is also known as a serosa.

text:
# Mesothelium

The **mesothelium** is a membrane composed of simple squamous epithelial cells of mesodermal origin, which forms the lining of several body cavities: the pleura (pleural cavity around the lungs), peritoneum (abdominopelvic cavity including the mesentery, omenta, falciform ligament and the perimetrium) and pericardium (around the heart).

Mesothelial tissue also surrounds the male testis (as the tunica vaginalis) and occasionally the spermatic cord (in a patent processus vaginalis). Mesothelium that covers the internal organs is called visceral mesothelium, while one that covers the surrounding body walls is called the parietal mesothelium. The mesothelium that secretes serous fluid as a main function is also known as a serosa.

## Origin

Mesothelium derives from the embryonic mesoderm cell layer, that lines the coelom (body cavity) in the embryo. It develops into the layer of cells that covers and protects most of the internal organs of the body.

## Structure

The mesothelium forms a monolayer of flattened squamous-like epithelial cells resting on a thin basement membrane supported by dense irregular connective tissue. Cuboidal mesothelial cells may be found at areas of injury, the milky spots of the omentum, and the peritoneal side of the diaphragm overlaying the lymphatic lacunae. The luminal surface is covered with microvilli. The proteins and serosal fluid trapped by the microvilli provide a slippery surface for internal organs to slide past one another.

## Function

The mesothelium is composed of an extensive monolayer of specialized cells (mesothelial cells) that line the body's serous cavities and internal organs. The main purpose of these cells is to produce a lubricating fluid that is released between layers, providing a slippery, non-adhesive, and protective surface to facilitate intracoelomic movement.

The mesothelium is also implicated in the transport and movement of fluid and particulate matter across the serosal cavities, leukocyte migration in response to inflammatory mediators, synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, and extracellular matrix proteins to aid in serosal repair, and the release of factors to promote the disposition and clearance of fibrin (such as plasminogen). Mesothelial cells are capable of phagocytosis and are antigen-presenting cells. The secretion of glycosaminoglycans and lubricants may protect the body against infection and tumor dissemination.

## Role in disease

* Mesothelioma: (cancer of the mesothelium) is a disease in which cells of the mesothelium become abnormal and divide without control or order. They can invade and damage nearby tissues and organs. Cancer cells can also metastasize (spread) from their original site to other parts of the body. Most cases of mesothelioma begin in the pleura or peritoneum. More than 90% of mesothelioma cases are linked to asbestos exposure.
* Mesothelial hyperplasia
* Intra-abdominal adhesions: Normally, the mesothelium secretes plasminogen, which removes fibrin deposits. During surgical procedures, the mesothelium may be damaged. Its fibrinolytic capacity becomes insufficient and fibrin accumulates, causing fibrous adhesions between opposing surfaces. These adhesions cause intestinal obstruction and female infertility if it occurs in the abdomen, and may impair cardiac and lung function in the thorax.
* Ultrafiltration failure: The peritoneal mesothelium is implicated in the long-term development of ultrafiltration failure in peritoneal dialysis patients. The presence of supra-physiological glucose concentrations, acidity, and glucose degradation products in peritoneal dialysis fluids contribute to the fibrosis of the peritoneal mesothelium, either by epithelial–mesenchymal transition or increased proliferation of existing fibroblasts. A fibrosed peritoneum results in the increased passage of solutes across the peritoneum and ultrafiltration failure.

## InfoBox

| Mesothelium | |
| --- | --- |
| Cytology of normal mesothelial cells, with typical features. Wright's stain | |
| Histology of the peritoneal mesothelial lining, and underlying fibrous tissue. H&E stain. | |
| Details | |
| Precursor | Somatopleuric mesenchyme |
| Identifiers | |
| Latin | *mesothelium* |
| TH | H2.00.02.0.02017, H3.04.08.0.00003 |
| FMA | 14074 |
| Anatomical terminology | |


title: Metasia dicealis

abstract: Metasia dicealis is a moth of the family Crambidae described by Francis Walker in 1859. It is known from Australia, where it has been recorded from New South Wales, the Australian Capital Territory and Victoria. The wingspan is about 20 mm.

text:
# Metasia dicealis

***Metasia dicealis*** is a moth of the family Crambidae described by Francis Walker in 1859. It is known from Australia, where it has been recorded from New South Wales, the Australian Capital Territory and Victoria.

The wingspan is about 20 mm.

## InfoBox

| *Metasia dicealis* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Crambidae |
| Subfamily: | Spilomelinae |
| Genus: | *Metasia* |
| Species: | ***M. dicealis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Metasia dicealis***<br>(Walker, 1859) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Scopula dicealis* Walker, 1859 | |


title: Messe station

abstract: Messe station is a Nuremberg U-Bahn station, located on the U1 line in Nuremberg, Germany. It serves the Messezentrum Nuremberg which holds important trade fairs including the Nuremberg International Toy Fair. The station was featured in the 2011 Joe Wright film "Hanna". The title characters father, played by Eric Bana, is seen leaving the nearby bus station, entering the U-Bahn and then fighting several CIA agents.

text:
# Messe station

**Messe station** is a Nuremberg U-Bahn station, located on the U1 line in Nuremberg, Germany. It serves the Messezentrum Nuremberg which holds important trade fairs including the Nuremberg International Toy Fair.

The station was featured in the 2011 Joe Wright film *"Hanna"*. The title characters father, played by Eric Bana, is seen leaving the nearby bus station, entering the U-Bahn and then fighting several CIA agents.

## InfoBox

| Messe | |
| --- | --- |
| Nuremberg U-Bahn station | |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Location | Otto-Bärnreuther-Str<br>90471 Nürnberg, Germany |
| Coordinates | 49°24′58″N 11°06′52″E / 49.416094°N 11.1143664°E / 49.416094; 11.1143664 |
| Operated by | Verkehrs-Aktiengesellschaft Nürnberg |
| Line(s) |  |
| Construction | |
| Structure type | At grade |
| Other information | |
| Fare zone | VGN: 200 |
| History | |
| Opened | 1 March 1972 |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station Nuremberg U-Bahn Following station  Bauernfeindstraßetowards Fürth Hardhöhe  U1  Langwasser Nordtowards Langwasser Süd | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Merimnetria arcuata

abstract: Merimnetria arcuata is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It was first described by Lord Walsingham in 1907. It is endemic to the Hawaiian island of Oahu. The wingspan is about 12 mm. The forewings are whitish ocherous, gradually suffused from one-third with dull olive brown, leaving a tornal, and a smaller opposite costal patch of the pale ground color. There is a minute dark spot is visible in the fold a little beyond its middle. The hindwings are brownish gray. The larvae feed on Kadua species. They mine the leaves of their host plant.

text:
# Merimnetria arcuata

***Merimnetria arcuata*** is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It was first described by Lord Walsingham in 1907. It is endemic to the Hawaiian island of Oahu.

The wingspan is about 12 mm. The forewings are whitish ocherous, gradually suffused from one-third with dull olive brown, leaving a tornal, and a smaller opposite costal patch of the pale ground color. There is a minute dark spot is visible in the fold a little beyond its middle. The hindwings are brownish gray.

The larvae feed on *Kadua* species. They mine the leaves of their host plant.

* Zimmerman, Elwood C. (1978). *Insects of Hawaii*. Vol. **9** Microlepidoptera. The University Press of Hawaii, Honolulu. hdl:10125/7338.

## InfoBox

| *Merimnetria arcuata* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Gelechiidae |
| Genus: | *Merimnetria* |
| Species: | ***M. arcuata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Merimnetria arcuata***<br>(Walsingham, 1907) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Merimnetria* (*Aristoteliodes*) *arcuata* * *Aristotelia arcuata* Walsingham, 1907 | |


title: Methona

abstract: Methona is a genus of clearwing (ithomiine) butterflies, named by Edward Doubleday in 1847. They are in the brush-footed butterfly family, Nymphalidae.

text:
# Methona

***Methona*** is a genus of clearwing (ithomiine) butterflies, named by Edward Doubleday in 1847. They are in the brush-footed butterfly family, Nymphalidae.

## Species

Arranged alphabetically:

## InfoBox

| *Methona* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Methona confusa* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Nymphalidae |
| Tribe: | Ithomiini |
| Genus: | *Methona*<br>Doubleday, \[1847\] |
|
| Species | |
| See text | |
| Synonyms | |
| * *Gelotophye* d'Almeida, 1940 | |


title: Metagylla

abstract: Metagylla is a genus of moths in the subfamily Arctiinae. It contains the single species Metagylla miroides, which is found in French Guiana.

text:
# Metagylla

***Metagylla*** is a genus of moths in the subfamily Arctiinae. It contains the single species ***Metagylla miroides***, which is found in French Guiana.

## InfoBox

| *Metagylla* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Erebidae |
| Subfamily: | Arctiinae |
| Tribe: | Lithosiini |
| Genus: | *Metagylla*
Hampson, 1907 |
| Species: | ***M. miroides*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Metagylla miroides***
Hampson, 1907 | |
|


title: Metagraphitarsus

abstract: Metagraphitarsus is a genus of jumping bristletails in the family Machilidae.

text:
# Metagraphitarsus

***Metagraphitarsus*** is a genus of jumping bristletails in the family Machilidae.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| *Metagraphitarsus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Archaeognatha |
| Family: | Machilidae |
| Genus: | *Metagraphitarsus*<br>Paclt, 1969 |
|


title: Metironeus hesperus

abstract: Metironeus hesperus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae and genus Mentironeus. It was described by Chemsak in 1991.

text:
# Metironeus hesperus

***Metironeus hesperus*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae and genus Mentironeus. It was described by Chemsak in 1991.

## InfoBox

| *Metironeus hesperus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Suborder: | Polyphaga |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | ***Metironeus*** |
| Species: | ***M. hesperus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Metironeus hesperus***<br>Chemsak, 1991 | |
|


title: Warche

abstract: The Warche is a river in eastern Belgium. From its source at Losheimergraben on the Belgian-German border, it flows roughly west about 50 kilometres (31 mi), across the south of the Hautes Fagnes region. It passes through the town of Malmedy, and the artificial lakes of Robertville and of Bütgenbach are formed by dams on the Warche. It is a right tributary of the river Amblève, which it joins east of Stavelot. In the past the Warche used to flow northward from Bévercé, following the current Trô Maret valley, to continue through the current Eau Rouge valley. This last valley is much larger than can be expected from such a small flow, still representing the original Warche valley. In that time the Warche confluenced with the Amblève at Stavelot. Later on, probably during the last ice age the Warche adopted its current position, flowing through the Malmedy graben.

text:
# Warche

The **Warche** is a river in eastern Belgium (province of Liège).

From its source at Losheimergraben on the Belgian-German border, it flows roughly west about 50 kilometres (31 mi), across the south of the Hautes Fagnes region.

It passes through the town of Malmedy, and the artificial lakes of Robertville and of Bütgenbach are formed by dams on the Warche.

It is a right tributary of the river Amblève, which it joins east of Stavelot.

In the past the Warche used to flow northward from Bévercé, following the current Trô Maret valley, to continue through the current Eau Rouge valley. This last valley is much larger than can be expected from such a small flow, still representing the original Warche valley. In that time the Warche confluenced with the Amblève at Stavelot. Later on, probably during the last ice age the Warche adopted its current position, flowing through the Malmedy graben.

## InfoBox

| Warche | |
| --- | --- |
| Spring in the Warche valley | |
| Location | |
| Location | East Belgium |
| Physical characteristics | |
|  | |
| Source |  |
| location | Near Hünnigen in the municipality of Büllingen |
| elevation | ca. 660 m |
|  | |
| Mouth |  |
| location | Near Malmedy into the Amel |
| coordinates | 50°23′05″N 5°59′28″E / 50.38472°N 5.99111°E / 50.38472; 5.99111 |
| Length | 40.9 km |
| Basin size | 194 km² |
| Basin features | |
| Progression | AmblèveOurtheMeuseNorth Sea |
| Landmarks |  |
| Tributaries |  |
| left | Warchenne |
| right | Holzwarche, Bayehon, Trôs Maret |
| Waterbodies | Reservoirs: Bütgenbach Reservoir, Robertville Reservoir |


title: Watford City, North Dakota

abstract: Watford City, founded in 1914, is a city in and the county seat of McKenzie County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 6,207 at the 2020 census, making it the 13th most populous city in North Dakota. Because Watford City is part of the Bakken field, the North Dakota oil boom has significantly increased population and construction since the 2010 census. The main offices of Frontier Energy Group, First International Bank, and the headquarters of McKenzie Electric Cooperative are in Watford City. The local newspaper is the McKenzie County Farmer.

text:
# Watford City, North Dakota

**Watford City** (Hidatsa: **abaʔaruʔush**), founded in 1914, is a city in and the county seat of McKenzie County, North Dakota, United States. The population was 6,207 at the 2020 census, making it the 13th most populous city in North Dakota. Because Watford City is part of the Bakken field, the North Dakota oil boom has significantly increased population and construction since the 2010 census.

The main offices of Frontier Energy Group, First International Bank, and the headquarters of McKenzie Electric Cooperative are in Watford City. The local newspaper is the *McKenzie County Farmer*.

## History

In 1913, a few prospective businessmen located on the townsite of the future Watford City in anticipation of the arrival of the first Great Northern Railroad train. The Northern Land and Townsite Company, a division of the Great Northern, platted the town and sold lots in June 1914. Building began immediately, and many businesses and homes were moved from Schafer, which eventually became a ghost town. Watford was incorporated in June 1915, and was named by Vaughan G. Morris (1879–1940) for his hometown of Watford, Ontario. A year later the town added "City" to its name to differentiate itself from Wolford in Pierce County.

The Great Northern planned to extend its line to New Rockford and in 1914 began building the "Madson Grade," one of the longest dirt filled railroad grades in the country about a mile west of town. Two years later the grade was ninety feet high and nearly a mile long, but the project was abandoned shortly before the United States entered World War I.

Village officers were elected in 1915, and they concerned themselves with such tasks as impounding stray horses and cattle, prohibiting swine and chickens from town, locating hitching posts, and removing hay stacks from Main Street. The town had a band and baseball team from its founding. A school and several churches were also constructed almost immediately. During the Great Depression, a water and sanitary system was completed using labor mostly paid by the Public Works Administration.

In 1940, Watford City won a hotly contested campaign for county seat, defeating Alexander and Arnegard and taking the prize from Schafer. At first there was difficulty finding suitable office space, and a recently constructed hospital was sold to the county for use as a courthouse. A new hospital was dedicated in 1952. Watford City Air Force Station (formally Alexander) was opened nearby in 1979.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 9.056 square miles (23.45 km2), of which 8.977 square miles (23.25 km2) is land and 0.079 square miles (0.20 km2) is water.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1920 | 260 |  |  |
| 1930 | 769 |  | 195.8% |
| 1940 | 1,023 |  | 33.0% |
| 1950 | 1,371 |  | 34.0% |
| 1960 | 1,865 |  | 36.0% |
| 1970 | 1,768 |  | −5.2% |
| 1980 | 2,119 |  | 19.9% |
| 1990 | 1,784 |  | −15.8% |
| 2000 | 1,435 |  | −19.6% |
| 2010 | 1,744 |  | 21.5% |
| 2020 | 6,207 |  | 255.9% |
| 2023 (est.) | 6,020 |  | −3.0% |
| U.S. Decennial Census
2020 Census | | | |

### 2020 census

Watford City Racial Composition
| Race | Number | Percent |
| --- | --- | --- |
| White (NH) | 4,311 | 69.5% |
| Black or African American (NH) | 145 | 2.3% |
| Native American (NH) | 117 | 1.9% |
| Asian (NH) | 136 | 2.2% |
| Pacific Islander (NH) | 5 | 0.1% |
| Some Other Race (NH) | 38 | 0.6% |
| Mixed/Multi-Racial (NH) | 294 | 4.7% |
| Hispanic or Latino | 1,161 | 18.7% |
| **Total** | **6,207** | **100.0%** |

As of the 2020 census, there were 6,207 people, 2,449 households, and 1,390 families residing in the city. The population density was 691.4 inhabitants per square mile (267.0/km2). There were 3,512 housing units. The racial makeup of the city was 73.7% White, 2.4% African American, 2.0% Native American, 2.2% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 9.6% from some other races and 10.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 18.7% of the population. 29.2% of residents were under the age of 18, 10.5% were under 5 years of age, and 7.4% were 65 and older.

### 2010 census

As of the 2010 census, there were 1,744 people, 733 households, and 445 families living in the city. The population density was 1,243.4 inhabitants per square mile (480.1/km2). There were 873 housing units at an average density of 623.6 per square mile (240.8/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 93.6% White, 0.1% African American, 3.4% Native American, 0.7% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.3% from other races, and 1.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.9%.

Of the 733 households 30.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.7% were married couples living together, 7.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 39.3% were non-families. 34.7% of households were one person and 15.7% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.30 and the average family size was 2.94.

The median age was 40.2 years. 24.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.6% were from 25 to 44; 26.8% were from 45 to 64; and 17.8% were 65 or older. The gender makeup of the city was 51.1% male and 48.9% female.

### 2000 census

As of the 2000 census, there were 1,435 people, 619 households, and 378 families living in the city. The population density was 964.8 inhabitants per square mile (372.5/km2). There were 790 housing units at an average density of 531.2 per square mile (205.1/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 94.91% White, 0.21% African American, 3.83% Native American, 0.07% Asian, and 0.98% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.11% of the population.

Of the 619 households 28.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.9% were married couples living together, 8.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.8% were non-families. 37.5% of households were one person and 22.0% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.22 and the average family size was 2.91.

The age distribution was 24.8% under the age of 18, 5.7% from 18 to 24, 20.4% from 25 to 44, 24.8% from 45 to 64, and 24.3% 65 or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.8 males.

The median household income was $29,688 and the median family income was $36,850. Males had a median income of $32,250 versus $21,193 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,084. About 9.8% of families and 12.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.0% of those under age 18 and 13.9% of those age 65 or over.

## Transportation

Northwest Dakota Public Transit provides dial-a-ride transit in the city. The service, run by the Williston Council for the Aging, operates weekdays from 7:30am-4:00pm and 5:00pm-9:00pm for a $3 fare.

## Education

## Sites of interest

## Climate

This climatic region is typified by large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold) winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Watford City has a humid continental climate, abbreviated "Dfb" on climate maps. The wettest time of year is late spring to early summer; winter is the driest season. Temperature variation between seasons is significant.

| Climate data for Watford City, North Dakota (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1912–present) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 60
(16) | 64
(18) | 81
(27) | 92
(33) | 103
(39) | 110
(43) | 112
(44) | 111
(44) | 103
(39) | 96
(36) | 77
(25) | 66
(19) | 112
(44) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 21.6
(−5.8) | 26.2
(−3.2) | 38.8
(3.8) | 53.1
(11.7) | 64.8
(18.2) | 74.1
(23.4) | 82.2
(27.9) | 81.6
(27.6) | 71.1
(21.7) | 54.7
(12.6) | 38.0
(3.3) | 26.2
(−3.2) | 52.7
(11.5) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 13.4
(−10.3) | 17.2
(−8.2) | 28.8
(−1.8) | 41.8
(5.4) | 53.5
(11.9) | 63.5
(17.5) | 70.0
(21.1) | 68.5
(20.3) | 58.0
(14.4) | 43.7
(6.5) | 29.0
(−1.7) | 18.0
(−7.8) | 42.1
(5.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 5.1
(−14.9) | 8.1
(−13.3) | 18.8
(−7.3) | 30.5
(−0.8) | 42.1
(5.6) | 52.9
(11.6) | 57.9
(14.4) | 55.4
(13.0) | 44.9
(7.2) | 32.6
(0.3) | 20.0
(−6.7) | 9.9
(−12.3) | 31.5
(−0.3) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −45
(−43) | −44
(−42) | −30
(−34) | −13
(−25) | 12
(−11) | 19
(−7) | 32
(0) | 29
(−2) | 10
(−12) | −7
(−22) | −22
(−30) | −36
(−38) | −45
(−43) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 0.50
(13) | 0.41
(10) | 0.63
(16) | 0.96
(24) | 2.38
(60) | 3.44
(87) | 2.63
(67) | 1.35
(34) | 1.16
(29) | 1.04
(26) | 0.60
(15) | 0.55
(14) | 15.65
(398) |
| Average snowfall inches (cm) | 9.5
(24) | 8.2
(21) | 7.3
(19) | 4.2
(11) | 1.4
(3.6) | 0.0
(0.0) | 0.0
(0.0) | 0.0
(0.0) | 0.0
(0.0) | 2.9
(7.4) | 6.8
(17) | 10.1
(26) | 50.4
(128) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 6.9 | 5.7 | 6.5 | 7.6 | 11.1 | 12.6 | 9.4 | 8.6 | 7.3 | 6.6 | 6.1 | 6.9 | 95.3 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | 8.1 | 6.3 | 5.0 | 2.5 | 0.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.5 | 4.6 | 7.5 | 36.2 |
| Source: NOAA | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

Media related to Watford City, North Dakota at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Watford City, North Dakota | |
| --- | --- |
| City | |
| Main Street Watford City | |
| Motto: "Come be our guest" | |
| Location in North Dakota | |
| Coordinates: 47°48′10″N 103°16′04″W / 47.80278°N 103.26778°W / 47.80278; -103.26778 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | North Dakota |
| County | McKenzie |
| Founded | 1914 |
| Incorporated | June 1915 |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Phil Riely |
| Area | |
| Total | 9.056 sq mi (23.455 km2) |
| Land | 8.977 sq mi (23.251 km2) |
| Water | 0.079 sq mi (0.204 km2) |
| Elevation | 2,054 ft (626 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 6,207 |
| Estimate (2023) | 6,020 |
| Density | 671.0/sq mi (258.9/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC–6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC–5 (CDT) |
| ZIP Code | 58854 |
| Area code | 701 |
| FIPS code | 38-83860 |
| GNIS feature ID | 1036317 |
| Highways | US 85, ND 23, ND 23 Alt. |
| Sales tax | 6.5% |
| Website | cityofwatfordcity.com |


title: Method Fest Independent Film Festival

abstract: The Method Fest Independent Film Festival is an independent film festival. The Method Fest is the Actor's Film Festival, a festival of discovery, seeking breakout-acting performances of emerging stars and established actors in story-driven independent films. The 13th The Method Fest Independent Festival was held in Beverly Hills, California, in March 2019. The festival is also dedicated to support the work of those who produce, make and work in independent film and to provide educational opportunities in independent filmmaking. The upcoming 14th The Method Fest Independent Film Festival will be held in Beverly Hills at the Fine Arts Theatre from March 20-26, 2020.

text:
# Method Fest Independent Film Festival

The **Method Fest Independent Film Festival** is an independent film festival. The Method Fest is the *Actor's Film Festival*, a festival of discovery, seeking breakout-acting performances of emerging stars and established actors in story-driven independent films. The 13th The Method Fest Independent Festival was held in Beverly Hills, California, in March 2019. The festival is also dedicated to support the work of those who produce, make and work in independent film and to provide educational opportunities in independent filmmaking. The upcoming 14th The Method Fest Independent Film Festival will be held in Beverly Hills at the Fine Arts Theatre from March 20-26, 2020.

## 1999

| **Best Feature:** | *Mud Season*; dir. Anthony Hall |
| --- | --- |
| **John Garfield Award for Best Actor: (tie)** | Noble Willingham *The Corndog Man* | Russ DeWees *Mud Season* |
| **Geraldine Page Award for Best Actress:** | Linda Shing *Mud Season* |
| **Best Director of a Feature Film:** | Richard Schenkman, *Went to Coney Island on a Mission from God, Be Back By Five* |
| **Best Screenplay in a Feature:** | Richard Schenkman, *Went to Coney Island on a Mission from God, Be Back By Five* |
| **Maverick Award for Quality in a Low-budget film:** | *My Brother Jack*; dir. Anthony Caldarella |
| **Audience Award, Feature:** | *Do You Wanna Dance* |
| **Best Actor, Feature Film:** | Noble Willingham *The Corndog Man* |
| **Best Supporting Actor, Feature Film:** | George Woodard *Mud Season* |
| **Best Supporting Actress in a Feature Film:** | Daphne Ashbrooke *Dumbarton Bridge* |
| **Festival Director's Maverick Film Award:** | Kirk Harris *My Sweet Killer* | Peter Gerety *Went to Coney Island on a Mission from God, Be Back By Five* |
| **Jury Award for Best Short Film:** | *The Lonelys*; dir. Henry Barrial |
| **Best Director, Short Film:** | J. Miller Tobin *4 AM Open All Night* |
| **Audience Award, Short Film:** | *Creampuff*; dir.Jared Seide |
| **Best Actor in a Short Film:** | Matt Casada *The Lonelys* |
| **Best Actress in a Short Film:** | Danna Hansen *Every Night and Twice on Sundays* |
| **The Method Fest Lifetime Achievement Award:** | Maximillian Schell |
| **The Method Fest Indie Supporter Award:** | Karen Black |

## 2000

| **Best Feature:** | Stanley's Gig |
| --- | --- |
| **John Garfield Award for Best Actor: (tie)** | Hill Harper *The Visit* |
| **Geraldine Page Award for Best Actress:** | Robin Dearden *Last Chance* |
| **Festival Director's Breakout Filmmaking Award:** | *The Young Unknowns*; dir. Catherine Jelski | *Trash*; dir. Mark Anthony Galluzzo |
| **Best Director, Feature Film:** | Bryan Cranston *Last Chance* |
| **Best Screenplay, Feature Film:** | *Post-Mortem* Louis Belanger |
| **Maverick Award for Quality in a Low-budget film:** | *The Stonecutter*; dir. Stephen Ericksen |
| **Audience Award, Feature Film:** | *The Visit* |
| **Audience Award, Short Film:** | *Mutual Love Life* |
| **Best Supporting Actor, Feature Film:** | Brent Glenen *Rollercoaster* |
| **Best Supporting Actress, Feature Film:** | Marla Gibbs *The Visit* |
| **Best Short Film:** | *Boundaries*; dir. Greg Durbin |
| **Best Director, Short Film:** | J. Miller Tobin *4 AM Open All Night* |
| **Best Actor in a Short Film:** | Allen Garfield *Men Named Milo Women Named Greta* |
| **Best Actress in a Short Film:** | Tippi Hedren *Mulligans!* |

## 2001

| **Best Feature:** | *I'll Wave Back*; dir. Jefferson Davis |
| --- | --- |
| **Best Short Film** | *Egg*; dir. Jacques Thelemaque |
| **Best Actress:** | Romy Rosemont in *I'll Wave Back* |
| **Best Supporting Actor:** | Matthew Faber in *Hard Luck* |
| **Best Supporting Actress:** | Rusty Schwimmer in *I'll Wave Back* |
| **Breakout Acting Award:** | D.W. Warren in *Lansdown* |
| **Maverick Actor Award:** | Jon Jacobs in *Hard Luck* |
| **Best Director** | *I'll Wave Back*; dir. Jefferson Davis |
| **Best Screenplay** | *Finder's Fee*; Jeff Probst |
| **Maverick Film Award:** (tie) | *Falling Like This*; dir. Dani Minnick | *Hard Luck*; dir. Jack Rubio |
| **Festival Director's Breakout Filmmaking Award** (tie) | *The Restless* | *Falling Like This* |
| **Festival Director's Award for Excellence in Acting** | Kirk Harris (*Hard Luck*) | Irina Bjorklund (*The Restless*) |
| **Lifetime Achievement Award** | James Earl Jones |

## 2002

| **Best Feature:** | *Sunday*; dir. Charles McDougall |
| --- | --- |
| **Best Short Film** | *5 Minutes*; dir. Larry Pennell |
| **Best Actress in a Short:** | *Falsehood (film)* Anne Welles |
| **Best Actress in a Feature:** | *Walk Backwards* Laurie Baranyay |
| **Best Supporting Actress:** | *Suspended* Lin Shaye |
| **Best Director** (feature) | *Sunday*; dir. Charles McDougall |
| **Best Writer/Director** | *Falsehood (film)* Kenneth Lui |
| **Best Student Film** | *Falsehood (film)*; dir. Kenneth Lui |
| **Festival Director's Breakout Filmmaking Award** (tie) | *Killer Me* Zachary Hansen |
| **Audience Award** | *Falsehood (film)*; dir. Kenneth Lui |
| **Lifetime Achievement Award** | Rod Steiger |

## 2019

| **Best Feature:** | *Chained for Life*; dir. Aaron Schimberg |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Best Short Film:** | *The Critic*; dir. Stella Velon |  |
| **Best Actress in a Feature:** | Tayler Buck in *Princess of the Row* |  |
| **Best Actor in a Feature:** (tie) | Ethan Hawke in *Stockholm* | John Rezaj in *Albanian Gangster* |
| **Break Out Acting Award in a Feature:** | Edi Gathegi in *Princess of the Row* |  |
| **Best Director Feature:** | *Windows on the World* Michael D. Olmos |  |
| **Best Supporting Actor in a Feature:** | Edward James Olmos in *Windows on the World* |  |
| **Best Supporting Actress in a Feature:** | Allison Tolman in *Speed of Life* |  |
| **Best Screenplay Feature:** | *Windows on the World*; Robert Mailer Anderson and Zack Anderson |  |
| **Best Actress in a Short:** | Kirstin Anderson in *S\_15* |  |
| **Best Actor in a Short:** | Stéphane Monpetit in *Without Saying Goodbye* |  |
| **Best Director Short:** | *Mixed Signals* Tracie Laymon |  |
| **Audience Award Feature:** | *Princess of the Row;* dir. Max Carlson |  |
| **Audience Award Short Film:** | *The Rat;* dir. Carlen May-Mann |  |
| **Generations of Cinematic Excellence Award:** | Edward James Olmos and Michael D. Olmos |  |
| **The Festival Director Award for an Outstanding Performance:** | *Jon Jacobs* in Lost Angelas |  |
| **Maverick Award for Quality in Low-Budget Feature:** | *A Room Full of Nothing*; dir. Elena Weinberg and Duncan Coe |  |
| **Best Ensemble Cast:** | *Confessional;* dir. Brad Gottfred |  |
| **Best Foreign Feature:** | *Sofia;* dir. Meryem Benm'Barek-Aloïsi |  |

## InfoBox

Method Fest Independent Film Festival
| Method Fest Independent Film Festival logo | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Beverly Hills, California, U.S. |
| Language | English |
| Website | methodfest.com |


title: Methylation induced premeiotically

abstract:
In molecular biology, methylation induced premeiotically (MIP) is a process by which cytosines within repeated DNA sequences are de novo methylated prior to the sexual cycle. This process was first described in the ascomycete Ascobolus immersens. MIP is dependent upon the gene masc1 which encodes a cytosine methyltransferase-like protein.
At least one major function of the process appears to be genome defense. Related functions have been found in other fungi, including Neurospora and Aspergillus species.

text:
# Methylation induced premeiotically

In molecular biology, **methylation induced premeiotically** (**MIP**) is a process by which cytosines within repeated DNA sequences are *de novo* methylated prior to the sexual cycle. This process was first described in the ascomycete *Ascobolus immersens*. MIP is dependent upon the gene *masc1* which encodes a cytosine methyltransferase-like protein. At least one major function of the process appears to be genome defense. Related functions have been found in other fungi, including *Neurospora* and *Aspergillus* species.


title: Wayne Elhard

abstract: D. Wayne Elhard is a Canadian provincial politician. He served as the Saskatchewan Party member of the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan for the constituency of Cypress Hills. Elhard was the first MLA elected under the Saskatchewan Party banner, as he was elected in a June 1999 by election.

text:
# Wayne Elhard

**D. Wayne Elhard** (born 22 August 1947) is a Canadian provincial politician. He served as the Saskatchewan Party member of the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan for the constituency of Cypress Hills. Elhard was the first MLA elected under the Saskatchewan Party banner, as he was elected in a June 1999 by election.

## InfoBox

| Wayne Elhard | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Saskatchewan Legislative Assembly
for Cypress Hills | |
| **In office**
28 June 1999  8 March 2016 | |
| Preceded by | Jack Goohsen |
| Succeeded by | Doug Steele |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1947-08-22) 22 August 1947
Rosthern, Saskatchewan, Canada |
| Political party | Saskatchewan Party |
|  | |


title: Watkins 36C

abstract: The Watkins 36C, also known as the W36C, is an American sailboat that was designed by William H. Tripp Jr and the Watkins brothers. It was first built in 1981. The Watkins 36C is a center-cockpit development of the aft-cockpit Watkins 36.

text:
# Watkins 36C

The **Watkins 36C**, also known as the **W36C**, is an American sailboat that was designed by William H. Tripp Jr and the Watkins brothers. It was first built in 1981.

The Watkins 36C is a center-cockpit development of the aft-cockpit Watkins 36.

## Development

The silent partner in Auroraglas purchased the rights to the center-cockpit Tripp-designed Coronado 35 and Columbia 36 designs from Columbia Yachts and the tooling was modified to become the aft-cockpit Portman 36. That design was produced by Auroraglas and then by Watkins Yachts, in Clearwater, Florida, United States after the companies were merged. The Portman 36 was then modified by Watkins to become the aft-cockpit Watkins 36 and finally developed into the center-cockpit Watkins 36C.

A history of Watkins Yachts notes, "in 1981 a center cockpit version of the W36 was added to the line. This is ironic as the W36 started life as a Coronado 35 center cockpit modified by giving it a new deck/coach roof to become an aft cockpit. The original Columbia center cockpit design was very dated so a new from scratch deck & coach roof mold was designed."

## Production

The Watkins 36C was produced from 1981 to 1984, with 58 boats completed.

During its production run the Watkins 36 and 36C became the flagships of the company product line and their features were incorporated in the newer and smaller boat designs that followed it, including the opening ports, Bomar hatches, through bolted flanged hull joints and the sloping cabin top.

## Design

The Watkins 36C is a recreational keelboat, built predominantly of fiberglass, with teak wood trim. It has a masthead sloop rig, a raked stem, a raised transom, a skeg-mounted rudder controlled by a wheel and a fixed fin keel. It displaces 17,000 lb (7,711 kg) and carries 6,000 lb (2,722 kg) of ballast.

The design's hull is molded in a single piece using polyester resin and fiberglass woven roving, as well as multidirectional chopped strand fibers (MSCF). The keel is integral to the hull and the ballast is internal to the keel. The deck and the cockpit and also moulded in pone piece, also using polyester resin and fiberglass woven roving with MCSF. Plywood coring is employed for the cabin top, deck, seat and the cockpit sole for stiffness. The hull-to-deck joint is flanged, glued and then screwed into place. There is an aluminum toe rail, stainless steel through-bolted into place, bonding the toe rail, deck and the hull.

An anchor well is located at the bow with a hawspipe leading the anchor chain into the "V" berth locker.

The boat has a draft of 4.50 ft (1.37 m) with the standard keel fitted.

The boat is fitted with a British Perkins Engines diesel engine of 40 hp (30 kW), or on later boats delivered 50 hp (37 kW), for docking and maneuvering. The companionway stairs may be removed to provide access to the engine. The fuel tank holds 40 U.S. gallons (150 L; 33 imp gal) and the fresh water tank has a capacity of 85 U.S. gallons (320 L; 71 imp gal).

The boat was factory delivered with many equipment items as standard, including a pressurized water system, a shower, ten opening ports and two hatches, a folding dining table in the main cabin and provisions for shore power. The design layout is the same as the Watkins 36 and has a bow "V" berth and an owner's stateroom aft. The galley is located aft, in the passageway to the owner's state room and is fitted with a double sink, a 12 volt refrigerator and a three-burner propane-fired stove with an oven. The head is aft and accessible from stateroom and the main cabin. The main cabin has 75 in (191 cm) of headroom and is finished with hand-rubbed teak trim, with the bulkheads and cabinetry made from teak veneer on plywood. The early boats delivered had a carpeted main cabin sole, with later deliveries with a teak and holly veneer sole over plywood.

The design has a hull speed of 7.26 kn (13.45 km/h).

## Operational history

The boat is supported by an active class club, the *Watkins Owners*.

**Related development**

**Similar sailboats**

## InfoBox

Watkins 36C
| Development | |
| --- | --- |
| Designer | William H. Tripp Jr and Watkins brothers |
| Location | United States |
| Year | 1981 |
| No. built | 58 |
| Builder(s) | Watkins Yachts |
| Name | Watkins 36C |
| Boat | |
| Displacement | 17,000 lb (7,711 kg) |
| Draft | 4.50 ft (1.37 m) |
| Hull | |
| Type | Monohull |
| Construction | Fiberglass |
| LOA | 36.00 ft (10.97 m) |
| LWL | 29.33 ft (8.94 m) |
| Beam | 10.50 ft (3.20 m) |
| Engine type | Perkins Engines 40 hp (30 kW) diesel engine |
| Hull appendages | |
| Keel/board type | fin keel |
| Ballast | 6,000 lb (2,722 kg) |
| Rudder(s) | skeg-mounted rudder |
| Rig | |
| Rig type | Bermuda rig |
| foretriangle height | 40.50 ft (12.34 m) |
| foretriangle base | 14.00 ft (4.27 m) |
| mainsail luff | 35.00 ft (10.67 m) |
| mainsail foot | 14.00 ft (4.27 m) |
| Sails | |
| Sailplan | Masthead sloop |
| Mainsail area | 245.00 sq ft (22.761 m2) |
| Jib/genoa area | 283.50 sq ft (26.338 m2) |
| Total sail area | 528.50 sq ft (49.099 m2) |
| \[edit on Wikidata\] | |


abstract:
In enzymology, a methylamine-glutamate N-methyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
  - methylamine + l-glutamate ⇌ NH3 + N-methyl-l-glutamate Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are methylamine and l-glutamate, whereas its two products are NH3 and N-methyl-l-glutamate. This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring one-carbon group methyltransferases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is methylamine:l-glutamate N-methyltransferase. Other names in common use include N-methylglutamate synthase, and methylamine-glutamate methyltransferase. This enzyme participates in methane metabolism.

text:
# Methylamine—glutamate N-methyltransferase

In enzymology, a **methylamine-glutamate *N*-methyltransferase** (EC 2.1.1.21) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

methylamine + l-glutamate $\rightleftharpoons $ NH3 \+ *N*-methyl-l-glutamate

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are methylamine and l-glutamate, whereas its two products are NH3 and *N*-methyl-l-glutamate.

This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring one-carbon group methyltransferases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is **methylamine:l-glutamate *N*-methyltransferase**. Other names in common use include ***N*-methylglutamate synthase**, and **methylamine-glutamate methyltransferase**. This enzyme participates in methane metabolism.

* Shaw WV, Tsai L, Stadtman ER (1966). "The enzymatic synthesis of N-methylglutamic acid". *J. Biol. Chem*. **241** (4): 935–45. PMID 5905132.

## InfoBox

| Methylamine-glutamate *N*-methyltransferase | |
| --- | --- |
| Identifiers | |
| EC no. | 2.1.1.21 |
| CAS no. | 9045-32-3 |
| Databases | |
| IntEnz | IntEnz view |
| BRENDA | BRENDA entry |
| ExPASy | NiceZyme view |
| KEGG | KEGG entry |
| MetaCyc | metabolic pathway |
| PRIAM | profile |
| PDB structures | RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum |
| Gene Ontology | AmiGO / QuickGO |
| Search  PMC articles  PubMed articles  NCBI proteins | |


title: Methylammonium bromide

abstract: Methylammonium bromide in an organic halide with the formula of CH3NH3Br. It is the salt of methylammonium and bromide. It is a colorless, water-soluble solid. The methylammonium halides are precursors to perovskite solar cells, which are being evaluated.

text:
# Methylammonium bromide

**Methylammonium bromide** in an organic halide with the formula of CH3NH3Br. It is the salt of methylammonium and bromide. It is a colorless, water-soluble solid.

The methylammonium halides are precursors to perovskite solar cells, which are being evaluated.

## InfoBox

Methylammonium bromide
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|
Methylammonium bromide crystals | |
| Names | |
| IUPAC name Methylazanium bromide | |
| Systematic IUPAC name Methanaminium bromide | |
| Other names * Methylamine hydrobromide | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number |  |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| ChemSpider |  |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.027.255 |
| EC Number | * 229-981-5 |
| PubChem CID |  |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |  |
| InChI * InChI=1S/CH5N.BrH/c1-2;/h2H2,1H3;1HKey: ISWNAMNOYHCTSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |
| SMILES * C\[NH3+\].\[Br-\] | |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | CH3NH3Br |
| Molar mass | 111.96904 g/mol |
| Appearance | White crystals |
| Melting point | 296 °C (565 °F; 569 K) |
| Hazards | |
| **Occupational safety and health** (OHS/OSH): | |
| Main hazards | irritant |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C \[77 °F\], 100 kPa).  Infobox references | |


title: Washington, Shawano County, Wisconsin

abstract: Washington is a town in Shawano County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 1,903 at the 2000 census.

text:
# Washington, Shawano County, Wisconsin

**Washington** is a town in Shawano County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 1,903 at the 2000 census.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 39.0 square miles (101.0 km2), of which, 35.4 square miles (91.6 km2) of it is land and 3.6 square miles (9.4 km2) of it (9.29%) is water.

## Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 1,903 people, 803 households, and 586 families residing in the town. The population density was 53.8 people per square mile (20.8/km2). There were 1,217 housing units at an average density of 34.4 per square mile (13.3/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 95.32% White, 0.11% African American, 3.26% Native American, 0.42% from other races, and 0.89% from two or more races. 1.26% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 803 households, out of which 23.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.6% were married couples living together, 5.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.9% were non-families. 22.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 2.76.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 20.8% under the age of 18, 5.0% from 18 to 24, 22.9% from 25 to 44, 30.2% from 45 to 64, and 21.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.5 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $36,630, and the median income for a family was $46,447. Males had a median income of $33,173 versus $22,156 for females. The per capita income for the town was $20,665. 6.8% of the population and 4.1% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 12.4% of those under the age of 18 and 4.1% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.

1. "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. October 25, 2007. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
2. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.

## InfoBox

| Washington, Wisconsin | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
| Location of Washington, Shawano County, Wisconsin | |
| Coordinates: 44°48′17″N 88°27′38″W / 44.80472°N 88.46056°W / 44.80472; -88.46056 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Wisconsin |
| County | Shawano |
| Area | |
| Total | 39.0 sq mi (101.0 km2) |
| Land | 35.4 sq mi (91.6 km2) |
| Water | 3.6 sq mi (9.4 km2) |
| Elevation | 807 ft (246 m) |
| Population (2000) | |
| Total | 1,903 |
| Density | 53.8/sq mi (20.8/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| FIPS code | 55-83725 |
| GNIS feature ID | 1584358 |


title: Wattstax

abstract: Wattstax was a benefit concert organized by Stax Records to commemorate the seventh anniversary of the 1965 riots in the African-American community of Watts, Los Angeles. The concert took place at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum on August 20, 1972. The concert's performers included all of Stax's prominent artists at the time. The genres of the songs performed included soul, gospel, R&B, blues, funk, and jazz. Months after the festival, Stax released a double LP of the concert's highlights, Wattstax: The Living Word. The concert was filmed by David L. Wolper's film crew and was made into the 1973 film titled Wattstax. The film was directed by Mel Stuart and nominated for a Golden Globe award for Best Documentary Film in 1974. In 2020, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".

text:
# Wattstax

***Wattstax*** was a benefit concert organized by Stax Records to commemorate the seventh anniversary of the 1965 riots in the African-American community of Watts, Los Angeles. The concert took place at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum on August 20, 1972. The concert's performers included all of Stax's prominent artists at the time. The genres of the songs performed included soul, gospel, R&B, blues, funk, and jazz. Months after the festival, Stax released a double LP of the concert's highlights, *Wattstax: The Living Word*. The concert was filmed by David L. Wolper's film crew and was made into the 1973 film titled *Wattstax*. The film was directed by Mel Stuart and nominated for a Golden Globe award for Best Documentary Film in 1974.

In 2020, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".

## Festival production

### Development

Stax Record's West Coast director, Forrest Hamilton, came up with the idea for the Wattstax concert. Being in Los Angeles during the Watts Riots in 1965, Hamilton later became aware of the yearly Watts Summer Festival that commemorated the revolt.

Hamilton contacted Stax Records' main offices in Memphis, TN and shared his concept of a benefit-concert for the seventh Watts Summer Festival. At first, Stax was not so sure about putting together a small concert, with big stars, for a small community such as Watts. Tommy Jacquette, the founder of the Watts Summer Festival, was contacted about the festival idea. With Jacquette being supportive, the concert idea was slowly developing into something larger.

Stax president Al Bell, who was very involved in planning the concert, decided that if the festival was going to be as big as he imagined, the festival could not just be held at a small park in Watts. It had to be held somewhere like the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum. A team of several Stax directors, including Jacquette, contacted the L.A. Coliseum to schedule a meeting. When the meeting took place, the managers at the Coliseum were not convinced that "a little record company" from Memphis could sell enough tickets to fill the stadium.

### Marketing

Stax picked a date—August 20, 1972—which was Isaac Hayes's 30th birthday and a few days after the seventh anniversary of the Watts Riots. The name of the concert—"Wattstax"—was formed to include "Watts", as in the neighborhood, and "Stax", the name of the record company putting the show together. All seats were reserved and priced at only one dollar each, as Stax wanted to make it possible for anyone to attend. Pre-sales were quite successful, easing concerns about the financial viability of the concert.

### Construction

The stage was built the day before the concert, with construction starting in the middle of the night and continuing into the morning. This conflict happened because a football game was scheduled on the night of August 19 between the Oakland Raiders and the Los Angeles Rams, the home team for the Los Angeles Coliseum. Immediately after the football game, trucks full of long wood-planks drove onto the field. The stage was built right in the center of the field and was built high enough where artists could walk/sit under (a little less than 20 feet tall).

A platform was built that led from the road (where artists would walk from) to the side stairs of the stage. The seats were hand-cleaned and trash was picked up all around the Coliseum. Also, due to the Coliseum's policy, there could be no seating on the field to prevent the grass being ruined for the Rams' next game on August 21. During the Wattstax concert in fact, an issue arose when much of the audience poured onto the field to dance while Rufus Thomas performed "Do the Funky Chicken". Stax executive Larry Shaw immediately asked Thomas to get the audience to return to the stands, leading to a memorable moment in the documentary film when one particular straggler refuses to leave and Thomas makes pointed fun of him.

The bleachers were set-up so that there would be more seating that included a better view of the stage, and a fence was built around the stage for the artists' safety. In addition, a large group of African-American policemen from the LAPD were requested to be scattered inside and outside the Coliseum.

The dressing rooms for Stax's artists were outside/behind the stadium, and two vans were rented to drive the artists up to the stage and back to the dressing rooms. Portable restrooms were rented (for the artists to use before and after their sets) and placed right under the side of the stage. Colored stage lighting was hammered onto poles on each corner of the stage. Stacked speakers were placed in each corner of the fenced area. Below the stage, a long table was placed to hold several open reel tape recorders, capturing the concert performances for later release on records.

A film crew, made up of a significant number of African-Americans at Stax's request, was scattered from the top-row of the stadium to the corners of the stage where the artists were zoomed-in-on. The film crew was told to capture the artists singing, but also get shots of the crowd dancing. The attendance of 112,000 was said to be the largest gathering of African-Americans outside of a civil rights event to that date.

## Festival

At around 1:45 p.m., the Coliseum grounds began filling with attendees. Guards stamped tickets and told concertgoers where their seats were located. The stadium's seats filled up quickly, while the production team was making sure everything was ready. The concert's orchestra (dubbed *The Wattstax'72 Orchestra*) and its composer, Dale Warren, sat until 2:38 p.m. ready to play their warm-up instrumental titled "Salvation Symphony". At 2:38 p.m., the first song was performed to a crowd of 112,000 (mostly African-American).

### Performing artists

## Film production

The 1973 documentary release of *Wattstax* includes, in addition to the festival sets by Rufus Thomas, Carla Thomas, the Staples Singers, the Bar-Kays, and many others, musical performances by artists who were unable to perform during the actual Wattstax concert. The Emotions perform the gospel song "Peace Be Still" from the pulpit of the Friendly Will Baptist Church in Watts in a sequence shot several weeks after the Wattstax concert. Johnnie Taylor performs his 1971 hit single "Jody's Got Your Girl and Gone" onstage at the Summit Club in Los Angeles in a sequence filmed September 23, 1972. Little Milton performs "Walking the Streets and Crying" in a lip-synced performance staged near train tracks adjacent to the Watts Towers.

Rev. Jesse Jackson, head of Operation PUSH, was the MC of the Wattstax concert. Richard Pryor appears as the host of the film via interstitial stand-up scenes filmed at a bar following the Wattstax concert. Interspersed between the musical performances is documentary footage of the residents of Watts going about their daily lives, local businesses, as well as interview segments with Black Los Angelians. Rather than being fully candid, these segments feature actors discussing predetermined topics. Among these actors is Ted Lange, later one of the stars of the TV series *The Love Boat.*

## Film releases

As originally edited, the *Wattstax* film concluded with two performances by Isaac Hayes of hit songs from the motion picture *Shaft*: "Theme from *Shaft*" and "Soulsville." Following Wattstax's premiere on February 4, 1973, at the Los Angeles Music Center, but before its wide release in the United States, Stax Films and Wolper Films were informed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM), producers and distributors of *Shaft*, that *Wattstax* could not be released with Hayes' performance numbers. MGM's contracts for the music in *Shaft* prevented any use of those songs in any other film until 1978.

As a result, Isaac Hayes was pulled from a tour in the Netherlands to return to Los Angeles and film a new performance number based around his next scheduled single, "Rolling Down a Mountainside." This number concluded the original theatrical release of *Wattstax* from Columbia Pictures and most subsequent television and home video exhibitions.

Because of profanity used throughout the film's interview segments, *Wattstax* was rated "R" by the MPAA in the United States, preventing children under 17 from attending the film unaccompanied by an adult. Despite that rating, Stax promoted the film to family audiences, spinning the "R" rating with the promotional tagline "Rated 'R' Because it's Real."

*Wattstax* was restored and remastered in 2003, using Apple's Final Cut Pro and Cinema Tools to create new film and HD video elements from its original 16 mm film negatives. The original audio elements were used to create a new surround sound soundtrack and new stereo elements for soundtrack album releases. "Theme from *Shaft*" and "Soulsville" were restored to the film at this time as well.

The restored film first played in limited release in the United States during the summer of 2003. In January 2004, the restored version of the film played at the Sundance Film Festival, followed by a theatrical reissue in June by Sony Pictures Repertory. In September 2004, the PBS series *P.O.V.* aired a new documentary about the concert and the movie. That same month, the movie was released on DVD by Warner Bros., which obtained the video rights when it purchased the Wolper library (Warner's former sister company, Warner Music Group, coincidentally owns the rights to most pre-1968 Stax recordings). Warner Bros. also acquired the distribution rights from Sony as a result of their ownership of the library of current copyright holder The Saul Zaentz Company.

## Album releases

Stax released *Wattstax: The Living Word* on January 18, 1973. This double-LP album release included live recordings from the Wattstax concert event, as well as a handful of studio recordings—The Staples Singers' "Oh La Di Da" and Eddie Floyd's "Lay Your Loving on Me"—overdubbed with audience reactions. *The Living Word* sold over 220,000 copies and a second two-disc release, *The Living Word: Wattstax 2*, followed later that year. *Wattstax 2* featured additional live performances from both the concert and related performances seen in the film, as well as studio tracks by other music artists and Richard Pryor.

Coinciding with the preparation for the 2004 reissue of the film, Stax Records (by this time an imprint of Fantasy Records and later Concord Music Group) released the *Wattstax: Music from the Festival and Film* three-disc collection, containing remastered versions of live performances from the Wattstax concert and the ancillary Los Angeles shows seen in the film. A 35th-anniversary version was released in 2007.

In 2004, Stax released *Wattstax: Highlights from the Soundtrack*, a single-disc audio CD featuring only the songs included in the documentary film.

## Songs in the film

In order of appearance:

## Production credits

* Directed by: Mel Stuart
* Produced by: Larry Shaw, Mel Stuart
* Executive Producers: Al Bell, David L. Wolper
* Associate Producer: Forest Hamilton, Hnic.
* Consultants: Rev. Jesse Jackson, Tommy Jacquette, Mafundi Institute, Rev. Jesse Boyd, Teddy Stewart, Richard Thomas, John W. Smith, Sylvester Williams, Carol Hall
* Cinematography: Roderick Young, Robert Marks, Jose Mignone, Larry Clark
* Edited by: Robert K. Lambert, David Newhouse, David Blewitt
* Assistant Director: Charles Washburn
* Concert Unit Director; Sid McCoy
* Production Coordinator: David Oyster
* Music Supervisor: Terry Manning
* Music Recording: Wally Heider, Inc.
* Post Production Supervisor: Philly Wylly
* Concert Artist Staging: Melvin Van Peebles
* Music Conductor: Dale Warren
* Lighting: Acey Dcey
* Production Staff: Jim Stewart, Johnny Baylor, Gary Holmes/Mind Benders, Humanities International, Edward Windsor Wright

## InfoBox

| Wattstax | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical poster | |
| Directed by | Mel Stuart |
| Produced by | Larry Shaw
Mel Stuart |
| Starring | The Staple Singers
Richard Pryor
Carla Thomas
Rufus Thomas
Luther Ingram
Kim Weston
Johnnie Taylor
The Bar-Kays
Isaac Hayes
Albert King |
| Cinematography | John A. Alonzo |
| Production
companies | Stax Films
Wolper Pictures |
| Distributed by | Columbia Pictures |
| Release date | * February 4, 1973 (1973-02-04) |
| Running time | 103 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
| Box office | $1,560,000 (rentals) |


title: Metsaääre, Märjamaa Parish

abstract: Metsaääre is a village in Märjamaa Parish, Rapla County in western Estonia.

text:
# Metsaääre, Märjamaa Parish

**Metsaääre** is a village in Märjamaa Parish, Rapla County in western Estonia.

58°51′N 24°31′E / 58.850°N 24.517°E / 58.850; 24.517

## InfoBox

| Metsaääre | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Country | Estonia |
| County | Rapla County |
| Parish | Märjamaa Parish |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |


title: Metsavälja

abstract: Metsavälja is a village in Viru-Nigula Parish, Lääne-Viru County, in northeastern Estonia.

text:
# Metsavälja

**Metsavälja** is a village in Viru-Nigula Parish, Lääne-Viru County, in northeastern Estonia.

## InfoBox

| Metsavälja | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Metsavälja | |
| Coordinates: 59°25′N 26°44′E / 59.417°N 26.733°E / 59.417; 26.733 | |
| Country | Estonia |
| County | Lääne-Viru County |
| Parish | Viru-Nigula Parish |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |


title: Merrell Vories Hitotsuyanagi

abstract: Mereru Hitotsuyanagi Merrell Vories Hitotsuyanagi was an educator, architect, entrepreneur, Christian lay missionary, and founder of the Omi Mission. Born in the United States, he later became a naturalized Japanese citizen. Merrell lived and worked mainly in Shiga Prefecture in Japan. With only limited formal training as an architect, he founded an architectural office in Shiga which employed over thirty professional staff and was responsible for the design of well over 1000 residential, commercial, and church structures in Japan and occupied Korea, prior to the Second World War.

text:
# Merrell Vories Hitotsuyanagi

**Merrell Vories Hitotsuyanagi** (**Mereru Hitotsuyanagi** (一柳 米来留, *Hitotsuyanagi Mereru*); born **William Merrell Vories**; October 28, 1880 – May 7, 1964) was an educator, architect, entrepreneur, Christian lay missionary, and founder of the Omi Mission. Born in the United States, he later became a naturalized Japanese citizen.

Merrell lived and worked mainly in Shiga Prefecture in Japan. With only limited formal training as an architect, he founded an architectural office in Shiga which employed over thirty professional staff and was responsible for the design of well over 1000 residential, commercial, and church structures in Japan and occupied Korea, prior to the Second World War.

## Biography

Vories was born in Leavenworth, Kansas in 1880. He graduated from Colorado College in 1904. At first, he hoped to be an architect, although he came to Japan in 1905 as an English-language teacher, with an intention to engage in Christian missionary work. While working as a teacher in Omihachiman, Shiga Prefecture, in 1908 he was dismissed from teaching job because his Bible Classes had attracted over one third of his class among others who were aligned with local Buddhist temples. Vories had been asked to inspect the construction of an Omihachiman YMCA office building in 1907, which became his first work as an architect in Japan. He opened his office for architectural design in 1908 and in the following year, he founded "Vories & Co." along with Lester Chapin, an architect, and Etsuzō Yoshida, his English class student. They held it initially in Kyoto and moved to Ōmihachiman to accommodate for their success.

Through YMCA activities in Japan, Vories became acquainted with many American and Japanese people, and received numerous commissions to design houses, churches, schools, hospitals, and YMCA facilities near and far. As many as 1,600 buildings can be credited to Vories' designs.

In 1918, he founded the Omi Mission, and devoted his efforts to Christian missionary work and education.

In 1919, Vories married the daughter of viscount Suenori Hitotsuyanagi, Makiko Hitotsuyanagi (一柳満喜子, *Hitotsuyanagi Makiko*, 1884-1969).

He established Omi Sales Company in 1920, to promote an ointment called Mentholatum to earn funds to support his missionary work.

In 1934, the Omi Mission was renamed to Omi Brotherhood (近江兄弟社, *Ōmi Kyōdaisha*).

Vories also loved music, and is credited with introducing the Hammond Organ into Japan. The collective of schools which were founded by the Omi Brotherhood, known as Vories Gakuen, maintain usage of the Hammond organs supplied by Vories.

In 1941, just before the attack on Pearl Harbor, Vories was naturalized as a Japanese citizen and took the name of Mereru Hitotsuyanagi as required by the Japanese law, pledged his allegiance to the nation of Japan and to the Emperor Hirohito.

In September 1945, the former Prime Minister Fumimaro Konoe asked Vories to convey a message to the SCAP on the Emperor's behalf. Vories also shared the idea of the Emperor renouncing claims of divinity and declaring his humanity. He would later go on to meet the Emperor four times.

## Death

In 1957, Vories suffered a stroke while he was in his summer home in Karuizawa, Nagano Prefecture and was transported back to Ōmihachiman for medical treatment. He remained bedridden for seven years and died on the second floor of his house on May 7, 1964, at the age of 83.

In 1958, Vories was awarded as the first Honorary Citizen of Omihachiman. He was posthumously honored the Order of the Sacred Treasure, 3rd class, by the Japanese government. His house in Ōmihachiman was currently the "Vories Commemorative Museum".

1. Larking, Matthew (February 28, 2008). "The time before the starchitects". Japan Times. Retrieved 14 December 2014.
2. Ikeda, Takeo. "「ヴォーリズ学園」～創立者の志を引き継ぐ～理事長" \[Vories Gakuen – to keep the legacy of the founder of our school\]. Omi Brotherhood High School, Vories Gakuen. Retrieved 2017-01-12.
3. "William Merell Vories Library – Chronology of Vories : Birth 1880 – Visit to Japan". Omi Brotherhood Group. Retrieved 2017-01-12. A picture is archived at the William Merrell Vories Library titled "Former Hachiman YMCA designed and built by Mr. Vories Feb. 10, 1907", financed by his savings and donations from his friends in America."
4. Hasegawa, Naoya. "StewardshipとProtestantismを基軸とする価値共創経営 －ウィリアム・メレル・ヴォーリズと近江兄弟社" \[Willam Merrell Vories and Omi Kyodaisha – Management created on shared value\] (PDF). *Hosei University Repository* (in Japanese): 10. Retrieved 2017-01-12.
5. "William Merell Vories Library – Chronology of Vories : 1906 – 1964: YMCA – Passing away". Omi Brotherhood Group. Retrieved 2017-01-12.
6. "W.M.ヴォーリズライブラリ – 年表で見るヴォーリズ : 誕生 – 来日" \[William Merrell Vories Library : – Chronology of Vories : Birth 1880 – Visit to Japan\] (in Japanese). Omi Brotherhood Group. Retrieved 2017-01-12.
7. "Vories & Co." established in 1909 later called "W.M.Vories & Company Architects Ichiryusha" since 1961 as succeeding Vories and his friends' work."William Merrell Vories Library : Works of successors of W.M.Vories and his comrads". Omi Brotherhood Group. Retrieved 2017-01-12.
8. W.M.Vories Academy. "建築家としてのヴォーリズ" \[Vories as an architect\] (in Japanese). Omi Brotherhood Group. Retrieved 2016-01-12.
9. "Ongakuwo aishita Vories" \[Vories loved music\] (in Japanese). Omi Brotherhood Group. Retrieved 2017-01-12.
10. "Library of W.M.Vories : Voriesno kataribe" \[a storyteller of Vories' legend\] (in Japanese). Omi Brotherhood Group. Retrieved 2017-01-12.
11. "Kyoiku kaikan" \[Education Hall\] (in Japanese). Vories Gakuen. Retrieved 2017-01-12.
12. Colorado College Tutt Library: Special Collections
13. "ウィリアム・メレル・ヴォーリズ – 近江八幡を愛し、まちづくりに貢献" \[He loved Omihachiman and dedicated to the town development plans\] (in Japanese). Omihachiman City. 2009-04-14. Retrieved 2017-01-12.
14. Vories Commemorative Museum is visited on reservation only, and opened for the public in Spring and Fall."素顔のヴォーリズ" \[Vories when he is relaxed\] (in Japanese). W.M.Vories Academy. Retrieved 2017-01-12.

## Books

* "ヴォーリズの建築―ミッション・ユートピアと都市の華" 山形 政昭 1989 ISBN 4-422-50123-2
* "ヴォーリズの西洋館―日本近代住宅の先駆" 山形 政昭 2002 ISBN 4-473-01890-3
* "ウィリアム・メレル・ヴォーリズ―写真集 日本人を越えたニホン人" 山田プランニング 1998 ISBN 4-939022-99-4
* "ヴォーリズ建築の100年―恵みの居場所をつくる" 2008 ISBN 4-422-50124-0
* "ヴォーリズ評伝―日本で隣人愛を実践したアメリカ人" 奥村直彦 2005 ISBN 4-88008-332-1
* "青い目の近江商人メレル・ヴォーリズ―創業者精神「信仰と商売の両立の実践」を受け継いで" 岩原 侑 1997 ISBN 4-88737-045-8
* "青い目の近江商人ヴォーリズ外伝―「信仰と事業の両立」を果たした師ゆかりの地を歩いて" 岩原 侑 2002 ISBN 4-8355-3879-X

## InfoBox

| Merrell Vories Hitotsuyanagi | |
| --- | --- |
| 一柳 米来留 | |
| Vories (circa 1905) | |
| Born | William Merrell Vories
(1880-10-28)October 28, 1880
Leavenworth, Kansas, United States |
| Died | May 7, 1964(1964-05-07) (aged 83)
Ōmihachiman, Shiga Prefecture, Japan |
| Monuments | Vories Commemorative Museum |
| Nationality | American (former) |
| Other names | Mereru Hitotsuyanagi |
| Citizenship | Japanese (from 1941) |
| Alma mater | Colorado College |
| Occupation(s) | educator, architect, entrepreneur, missionary |
| Employer(s) | Vories & Co. (founder)
Omi Sales Company (founder) |
| Organization | Omi Brotherhood (founder) |
| Known for | founder of the Omi Mission in Japan |
| Notable work | *College Memories and Other Rimes, Much of Which Has Appeared Before in the Colorado College Tiger* (1903)
*A mustard seed in Japan* (1911)
*Poems of the East and West* (1960) |
| Spouse | Makiko Hitotsuyanagi  (m. 1919) |