title: Veterinary medicine in Indonesia

abstract: In Indonesia, veterinary medicine has been practiced for hundreds of years. Veterinary services and education were pioneered during the Dutch colonial era. As of 2023, there are 12 universities that offer veterinary education. The professional organization for veterinarians is the Indonesian Veterinary Medical Association (PDHI). Some veterinarians in Indonesia open their own practices, either independently or in groups. Others work for the Government of Indonesia, private companies, or non-profit organizations. They provide medical services, consulting, research, and teaching. Some veterinarians also become entrepreneurs in fields related to animal health, such as in the animal drug industry, livestock, and animal food processing. The motto of Indonesian veterinarians is "manusya mriga satwa sewaka", which means "serving human welfare through the animal world."

text:
# Veterinary medicine in Indonesia

In Indonesia, veterinary medicine has been practiced for hundreds of years. Veterinary services and education were pioneered during the Dutch colonial era. As of 2023, there are 12 universities that offer veterinary education. The professional organization for veterinarians is the Indonesian Veterinary Medical Association (PDHI).

Some veterinarians in Indonesia open their own practices, either independently or in groups. Others work for the Government of Indonesia, private companies, or non-profit organizations. They provide medical services, consulting, research, and teaching. Some veterinarians also become entrepreneurs in fields related to animal health, such as in the animal drug industry, livestock, and animal food processing. The motto of Indonesian veterinarians is "*manusya mriga satwa sewaka*", which means "serving human welfare through the animal world."

## Education

### Bachelor's degree

In Indonesia, veterinary education is pursued at the university level. Undergraduate education (S1) typically spans eight semesters. Upon completion of this stage, one is awarded a Bachelor of Veterinary Medicine (S.K.H.) degree. As of 2024, there are 13 universities in Indonesia with veterinary faculties or study programs, which are collectively affiliated with the Association of Indonesian Veterinary Medicine Faculties (AFKHI). These universities are:

1. Syiah Kuala University (USK) — Banda Aceh, Aceh
2. Riau University (Unri) — Pekanbaru, Riau
3. State University of Padang (UNP) — Bukittinggi, West Sumatra
4. IPB University (IPB) — Bogor, Jawa Barat
5. Padjadjaran University (Unpad) — Bandung, Jawa Barat
6. Gadjah Mada University (UGM) — Sleman, Yogyakarta
7. Airlangga University (Unair) — Surabaya, Jawa Timur
8. Wijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya (UWKS) — Surabaya, Jawa Timur
9. Brawijaya University (UB) — Malang, Jawa Timur
10. Udayana University (Unud) — Denpasar, Bali
11. Mandalika University of Education (Undikma) — Mataram, Nusa Tenggara Barat
12. Hasanuddin University (Unhas) — Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan
13. Nusa Cendana University (Undana) — Kupang, Nusa Tenggara Timur

USKUnriUNPIPBUnpadUGMUBUWKSUnairUnudUndikmaUnhasUndanaclass=notpageimage|Map of locations of universities with veterinary faculties or study programs in Indonesia

### Professional education

After obtaining a bachelor's degree, individuals can pursue professional education (co-assistance), which requires a minimum of two semesters. The national curriculum for the veterinary professional program encompasses veterinary pathology, internal medicine, surgery, veterinary public health, veterinary reproduction, laboratory diagnosis, and is complemented with off-campus activities, such as internships or fieldwork practices. Following the completion of all co-assistance stages, individuals who pass the judiciary process will take a veterinary oath before attaining the title of veterinarian (drh). Starting in 2021, the Competency Examination for Veterinary Professional Education Student (UKMPPDH) has been established as an exit exam and is one of the graduation requirements for obtaining a National Certificate of Veterinary Competency.

### Postgraduate education

Several universities offer postgraduate education in veterinary science at both master's (S2) and doctoral (S3) levels. However, the study programs and concentrations available may vary. For instance, at the master's level, UGM offers a Veterinary Science Study Program with six specializations and one concentration, IPB offers an Animal Biomedical Sciences Master's Study Program with six specializations, Unair offers four study programs, Unud offers a Master's Study Program in Veterinary Medicine, while Unsyiah offers a Veterinary Public Health Master's Study Program. Meanwhile, doctoral programs are available at IPB, UGM, and Unair.

### Veterinary specialist

In Indonesia, there is no formal veterinary professional education program for specialist. However, AFKHI and PDHI have planned specialized education programs for surgery, radiology, internal medicine, pathology, laboratory animals, and reproduction.

## Veterinary practice

Veterinary science is practiced by veterinarians and, to a more limited extent, by the bachelors of veterinary science and veterinary paramedics. All three are classified as animal health workers. The number of veterinarians in Indonesia ranges from 15 thousand to 20 thousand people.

The domain of work for veterinarians can be viewed from various perspectives. Based on the type of animals they serve, veterinarians can provide care for pets, livestock, and wild animals. Pet owners and enthusiasts, including those who own dogs, cats, birds, and even exotic pet animals like snakes and iguanas, recognize the importance of animal health and therefore seek the services of a veterinarian. Livestock, which refers to animals kept for economic purposes, such as a source of food, industrial raw materials, or as aids in human labor, must be kept in good health. Food derived from sick animals can lead to health problems in humans. Therefore, the health of livestock sector animals such as cows, goats, sheep, pigs, chickens, and ducks, as well as fish and shrimp in the fisheries sector, falls under the supervision of veterinarians. As for wild animals, veterinarians are responsible for their health to ensure their survival and sustainability. Protected animals like Sumatran tigers, Sumatran elephants, rhinos, clouded leopards, and sun bears are often injured due to poaching and require veterinary care.

In the public or government sector, veterinarians with civil servant status can work as medical veterinarian or quarantine veterinarian. Both of these are functional roles exclusively held by veterinarians. In addition to this, government veterinarians can also work as lecturers, researchers, and in other positions that require veterinary knowledge and expertise. In the private sector, aside from practicing in veterinary clinics or animal hospitals, veterinarians are involved in various industries, such as animal husbandry, pharmaceuticals, and food safety.

## Professional organization

In Indonesia, the professional organization for veterinarians is the Indonesian Veterinary Medical Association (PDHI). This organization was established on January 9, 1953, in Lembang, West Java. However, the precursor to this organization existed during the Dutch colonial era, specifically in 1884, under the name of the Dutch East Indies Veterinary Medicine Association. PDHI has 53 branches across all provinces in Indonesia and oversees 20 non-territorial organizations that cater to veterinarians with similar interests, skills, or fields of work. For example, the Indonesian Quarantine Veterinarian Association (IDHKI) and the Indonesian Association of Small Animal Practitioner Veterinarians (ADHPHKI) are included in this network. The motto of Indonesian veterinarians is "*manusya mriga animal sewaka*," a Sanskrit phrase that translates to "serving human welfare through the animal world".

## History

### The period before independence

#### 1800s

Veterinary medicine was practiced during the Dutch colonial era, beginning in 1820 when R.A. Coppicters, a veterinarian from the Netherlands, arrived in the Dutch East Indies. He was responsible for the care of animals that held significance for the Dutch colonial government, such as the horses used by the military troops. During this time, those who practiced veterinary medicine were referred to as "*vee arts*," which literally translates to "livestock doctor." This term indicated that animals like dogs, cats, and wild animals were not considered part of the realm of veterinary service.

The government institution responsible for veterinary affairs was established in 1841, initially named the Veterinary Medicine Service (Veeartsenijkundige Dienst), and later renamed the Civil Veterinary Medicine Service (Burgerlijke Veeartsenijkundige Dienst) in 1853. In 1851, several Dutch veterinarians were documented in Indonesia. The limited number of veterinarians at the time resulted in suboptimal services. From 1853 to 1869, only three veterinarians served the entire island of Java, with one located in West Java, another in Central Java, and a third in East Java. It wasn't until 1869 that two veterinarians were stationed outside of Java: one in Sumatra and one in Sulawesi.

In 1861, the Dutch established a veterinary school named the Inlandsche Veeartsen School (IVS) in Surabaya. Dr. J. van der Weide served as the head of this school. The school provided a two-year education program for native Indonesians (bumiputras) as students. However, IVS ceased operations in 1875 after producing only eight bumiputra veterinarians (*inlandsche veearts*) over the course of nine years.

Following the closure of IVS, from 1875 to 1880, education took the form of an internship with a government veterinarian (*gouvernements veearts*) in Purwokerto. Nine native youths underwent internships under the guidance of seven government veterinarians, and eight of them graduated in 1880. Shortly after, the Dutch East Indies experienced outbreaks of various animal diseases, beginning with rinderpest in 1875, followed by anthrax and hemorrhagic septicemia in 1884, surra in 1886, and foot-and-mouth disease in 1887. Rabies, a lethal disease affecting both animals and humans, was first reported in 1884 in a buffalo. The disease was then discovered in dogs in 1889 and in humans in 1894. In response to these outbreaks, the first veterinary organization was established in 1884 under the name the Dutch East Indies Veterinary Association (Nederland-Indische Vereeniging voor Diergeneeskunde).

There was a proposal to integrate veterinary education with medical education at STOVIA (School of Indian Medical Education), which was put forward by the Director of the Civil Service Department (Binnenlands Bestuur). Although this idea was approved by the Minister of Colonial Affairs (*Minister van Kuncien*) in the Netherlands, it was not implemented due to objections raised by the Director of the Department of Education, Worship, and Crafts (Onderwijs, Eeredienst en Nijverheid) and the director of STOVIA.

#### 1900–1945

The presence of rabies led the Dutch East Indies Government to enact several ordinances (regulations) concerning the rabid dog disease. One example is Gazette (*Staatsblad*) of 1906 Number 283, which required dog owners to report the number of their dogs, provide identification in the form of a medal, and pay dog tax. Meanwhile, the first regulation specifically addressing animal health is Gazette of 1912 Number 432 regarding the Review of Provisions concerning Government Supervision in the Animal Sector and Animal Police. This ordinance covered various aspects, including the management of institutions handling animal affairs, the authority of the government in the export and import of animals to prevent disease spread, the regulation of veterinary authorities, and the eradication of infectious animal diseases.

Veterinary authority or the medical authority of veterinarians was regulated in Gazette of 1912 Number 432 Article 34 Paragraph 1 which, when translated, states: "The veterinary authority, or *veeartsnijkundige*, is inherent to veterinarians after graduating from a veterinary faculty in Indonesia or in the Netherlands." Additionally, Gazette of 1915 Number 732, which ratified the Criminal Code, also addressed animals. According to Gazette No. 432 and the Criminal Code, the definition of livestock only included ruminants, one-toed animals, and pigs, which meant that veterinarians, more specifically livestock doctors, focused their attention solely on these animals.

In 1908, the Dutch established a Veterinary Laboratory (Veeartsenijkundig Laboratory; currently known as the Bogor Veterinary Research Center) to address rinderpest. This laboratory also introduced a four-year education program for native veterinarians called "*Cursus tot Opleiding van Inlandsche Veearstsen*." The students were drawn from Hogere Burgerschool (HBS) or Meer Uitgebreid Lager Onderwijs (MULO) graduates (junior high school level) and other equivalent schools. The first two students were MLS (Middelbare Landbouwschool or Agricultural High School) graduates, which is equivalent to high school, so they were directly admitted at level III.

Initially, this course was overseen by Koningsberger, the Head of the Bogor Botanical Gardens and Zoological Museum. In 1908, L. de Blieck took over as the head of the veterinary laboratory, and the following year, he was also entrusted with the responsibility of directing the course. In 1910, there was a change in the name, and "Inlandsche Veeartsenschool" (Bumiputra Veterinary School) was chosen to replace the course name. Simultaneously, the position of principal (as well as head of the laboratory) changed to director. Johannes Alexander Kaligis, a student from Minahasa, graduated in 1910 as Indonesia's first veterinarian. In 2010, one hundred years after Kaligis' graduation, a centenary celebration of Indonesian veterinarians was held.

In 1914, the name of the institution was changed again to the Dutch East Indies Veterinary School (Nederlands Indische Veeartsenschool, abbreviated as NIVS). This school accepted students from various backgrounds, not only natives. NIVS was later merged with the laboratory to form the Veterinary Institute (Veeartsenijkundig Instituut, abbreviated as VI). However, in 1919, NIVS was once again separated from the institute and became independent. German language was also taught so that students could read veterinary literature in German. Exceptional NIVS graduates were given the opportunity to continue their studies at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Utrecht, Netherlands, by starting directly at level III. Alongside Kaligis, Indonesian veterinarians who graduated from Utrecht included Soeparwi (who later became the first dean of the UGM Faculty of Veterinary Medicine), Iskandar Titus, and A.A. Ressang. In 1942, the Veterinary Institute was renamed the Animal Disease Investigation Center (BPPH), which underwent several more name changes after Indonesian independence.

During the Japanese occupation, the name NIVS was changed to Bogor Semon Zui Gakko. This school was then closed when Japan surrendered to the allied forces. The total number of Indonesian veterinarians produced since the establishment of IVS, its subsequent renaming to NIVS, and finally to Semon Zui Gakko, was 143 individuals.

### The period after independence

#### 1945–1949

Following the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence, the Veterinary School (SDH) in Bogor was reopened. The status of SDH was elevated to Veterinary College (PTKH) as per the Decree of the Minister of Prosperity No. 1280a/Per. on September 20, 1946, with a five-year education program. Vice President Mohammad Hatta officially inaugurated PTKH in November 1946, appointing Dr. Mohede as rector magnificus, the term for PTKH leaders.

Due to the turmoil of the Indonesian War of Independence, PTKH came under Dutch control, leading to the suspension of lecture activities. In 1947, with the approval of the PTKH chancellor and the Ministry of Prosperity, a parallel class named the Republic of Indonesia Veterinary College (PTKH-RI) was established in Klaten, Central Java. Meanwhile, in Bogor, the Dutch established the Faculteit der Diergeneeskunde (Faculty of Veterinary Medicine) in May 1948, which became part of the Universiteit van Indonesië.

When Yogyakarta, as the capital of the Republic of Indonesia, was invaded during the Dutch Military Aggression II on December 19, 1948, PTKH-RI was closed. The PTKH-RI class was reopened on November 1, 1949, after Yogyakarta came under the control of the Indonesian Government. However, the location was moved from Klaten to Yogyakarta. On December 19, 1949, all universities in Yogyakarta were merged to form the Gadjah Mada State University, and PTKH-RI was transformed into the UGM Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (FKH). As the first dean of FKH UGM, one of Soeparwi's endeavors was to replace the term "*vee arts*" (livestock doctor) with "*dieren arts*" (animal doctor) in order to broaden the scope of knowledge and services in this profession. The period of conflict with the Dutch finally concluded after the successful Round Table Conference, and Indonesian sovereignty was reestablished on December 27, 1949.

#### 1950–1999

Indonesia became a member of the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) in 1950. As a member country, one of Indonesia's obligations was to report the occurrence of certain animal diseases in the country. This responsibility was undertaken to uphold the principles of transparency and reporting concerning the status of animal diseases worldwide.

On February 3, 1950, Universiteit Indonesia was established, comprising several faculties, including agriculture and veterinary medicine in Bogor. The name of the Faculteit der Diergeneeskunde was changed to Fakulteit Veterinary Medicine Universiteit Indonesia (FKH-UI). Through Law Number 10 of 1955, the terms "facultit" (used by UGM) and "fakulteit" (used by UI) were unified to become "faculties," while "universiteit" was changed to "university."

To address the widespread outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), the government established the Foot-and-Mouth Disease Investigation Center (BPPMK) in Surabaya in 1952. The name of this institution underwent several changes, including becoming the Foot-and-Mouth Disease Investigation Institute (1955) and the Foot-and-Mouth Disease Institute (1959). In 1964, this institution produced 58,300 doses of FMD vaccine for the first time. As the role of this institution expanded to handle more diseases, such as rabies and Newcastle disease, its name was changed to the Institute for Veterinary Virology (1967), the Pharma Veterinaria Center (1978), Pharma Veterinary Center (2012), and Pusvetma Pharma Veterinary Center (2023). The center was tasked with production, testing, distribution, marketing, and the development of vaccines, antiserum, diagnostic materials, and other biological materials.

On January 9, 1953, an organization of veterinarians called the Association of Veterinary Experts, which had existed since the beginning of Indonesia's independence, held its inaugural congress in Lembang, West Java. During this congress, the Indonesian Veterinary Medical Association (PDHI) was established as a professional organization for Indonesian veterinarians.

As veterinary education progressed, it became integrated with animal husbandry. At UGM, the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine was renamed the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Husbandry (FKHP) on June 21, 1955. However, on November 10, 1969, the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and the Faculty of Animal Husbandry were separated. A similar transition occurred at UI, where the name Faculty of Veterinary Medicine was changed to the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Husbandry (FKHP) UI in 1960. In 1962, the name Faculty of Veterinary Medicine UI was reinstated, while animal husbandry education was merged with fisheries to create the Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Fisheries UI. In 1962, the name reverted to Faculty of Veterinary Medicine UI, while animal husbandry education merged with fisheries to form the Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Fisheries UI.

In Banda Aceh, the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Husbandry was established on October 17, 1960, as part of the University of North Sumatra. On September 2, 1961, Syiah Kuala University (USK) was founded by the Decree of the Minister of Higher Education and Science (PTIP) Number 11 Year 1961, dated July 21, 1961, with FKHP as one of its faculties.

In East Java, veterinary education was developed in partnership with Airlangga University in Surabaya and Brawijaya University in Malang. Brawijaya University established the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Husbandry (FHKP) in 1961, which was subsequently inaugurated through PTIP Ministerial Decree Number 92 Year 1962, under the auspices of Airlangga University. In the following year, FKHP was fully managed by Brawijaya University through PTIP Ministerial Decree Number 1 of 1963. In Bogor, the government established the Bogor Agricultural Institute (IPB) on September 1, 1963, through PTIP Ministerial Decree Number 91 of 1963. Since then, FKH UI was changed to FKH IPB. In Surabaya, the Department of Veterinary Medicine was opened on November 25, 1969. This department fell under FKHP Brawijaya University in Malang. In 1972, veterinary education at Brawijaya University, Malang, was fully transferred to Airlangga University, Surabaya, forming the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University.

In 1967, after decades of using Dutch legacy legislation, the Indonesian Government passed Law Number 6 of 1967, addressing the Basic Provisions for Animal Husbandry and Animal Health. This law expanded the definition of animals to encompass "all animals that live on land, whether domesticated or wild." Furthermore, the application of veterinary science was broadened to include animal health, veterinary public health, and animal welfare.

In Denpasar, Bali, Udayana University (Unud) established a Department of Veterinary Medicine in 1978 under FKHP. Five years later, FKHP Unud underwent a name change to the Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine Study Program. In 1997, it attained the status of a faculty with the establishment of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine at Udayana University.

Indonesia successfully eradicated foot-and-mouth disease in 1986, following the last outbreak discovered in Blora, Central Java, in 1983. This FMD-free status were officially recognized in Southeast Asia region in 1987, and the WOAH acknowledged it worldwide in 1990.

In 1992, the government established the legal framework for implementing animal quarantine through Law Number 16 of 1992 concerning Animal, Fish, and Plant Quarantine. This regulation aimed to prevent the entry, spread, and release of certain animal diseases and fish diseases, referred to as quarantine pests and diseases for animals (HPHK) and quarantine pests and diseases for fishes (HPIK), respectively. Animals were defined as terrestrial animals, while fish were categorized as aquatic biota.

#### 2000–present

In 2000, Indonesia achieved the status of being free from rinderpest as recognized by the WOAH and FAO. The last reported case of this disease in Indonesia was in 1907. Globally, rinderpest was declared eradicated in 2011.

In the field of education, Veterinary Medicine Study Program was opened in 2001 in the University of West Nusa Tenggara Mataram, which later merged with Mataram Institute of Teaching and Education Science into Mandalika University of Education in 2019. Veterinary education at private universities commenced in 2008 when Wijaya Kusuma University Surabaya established the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. In the same year, Brawijaya University Malang reopened the Veterinary Medicine Program, which has since become FKH Brawijaya University.

The government issued a new law governing the field of veterinary medicine, specifically Law Number 18 of 2009 concerning Animal Husbandry and Animal Health. This law replaced Law Number 6 of 1967, which had been in effect for decades. FIve years later, the law was subsequently updated through Law Number 41 of 2014.

In 2010, veterinary study programs were established at Nusa Cendana University in Kupang and Hasanuddin University in Makassar. Additionally, Padjadjaran University in Bandung introduced a Veterinary Medicine Study Program under the Faculty of Medicine in 2019. In the same year, the government passed Law Number 21 of 2019 concerning Animal, Fish, and Plant Quarantine to replace Law Number 16 of 1992. This new law not only focuses on disease prevention but also empowers quarantine officials to oversee and regulate food safety, feed safety, genetic engineering products, genetic resources, biological control agents, invasive alien species, wild plants and animals, as well as rare plants and animals.

The COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia prompted practicing veterinarians to explore telemedicine as a viable option. However, its implementation encountered various challenges, including client characteristics, the legal aspects of telemedicine, cost determination, and accurate diagnosis establishment.

## Notable person

### Footnotes

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63. UU 6/1967, Article 1 letter a.
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67. Food and Agriculture Organization; Office International des Epizooties (2011). *Joint FAO/OIE Committee on Global Rinderpest Eradication: Final Report* (PDF). Roma and Paris: FAO and OIE. p. Annex D. Retrieved 2021-04-24.
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78. Aulia, Muhammad Fadly; Budinuryanto, Dwi Cipto; Wismandanu, Okta (2021). "Persepsi Dokter Hewan Praktisi Hewan Kecil terhadap Telemedicine di Masa Pandemi Covid-19". *Acta Veterinaria Indonesiana*. **9** (2): 82–86. doi:10.29244/avi.9.2.82-86. ISSN 2337-4373.

### Bibliography


title: Logh (band)

abstract: Logh is a post-rock band formed in 1998 in Lund, Sweden. With four members, their first LP was released in 2002 on Bad Taste Records, incorporating elements of indie rock and shoegaze with hushed vocals and introspective lyrics. Played at Sleazys. The album was followed by two more, with lo-fi shoegazer elements, lightly brushed snares, subtle guitar strumming, and droning bass lines. After their second album, Kristofer Ronstrom (drums) was dropped from the band lineup, eventually replaced by not one but three new members, Markku Hildén (drums), Mattias Jeppsson, (guitar) and Karl Arvidson (keyboards).

text:
# Logh (band)

**Logh** (pronounced *log*) is a post-rock band formed in 1998 in Lund, Sweden. With four members, their first LP was released in 2002 on Bad Taste Records, incorporating elements of indie rock and shoegaze with hushed vocals and introspective lyrics. Played at Sleazys. The album was followed by two more, with lo-fi shoegazer elements, lightly brushed snares, subtle guitar strumming, and droning bass lines.

After their second album, Kristofer Ronstrom (drums) was dropped from the band lineup, eventually replaced by not one but three new members, Markku Hildén (drums), Mattias Jeppsson, (guitar) and Karl Arvidson (keyboards).

## Discography

* *Every Time a Bell Rings an Angel Gets His Wings* (2002)
* *The Raging Sun* (2003)
* *The Contractor and the Assassin* EP (2003)
* *A Sunset Panorama* (2005)
* *North* (2007) (peaked at no 45 in Sweden)

Compilations

Singles (7" Vinyl)

* *Ghosts* (2002)
* *An Alliance of Hearts* (2003)
* *The Bones of Generations* (2004)
* *Lights From Sovereign States* (2007)
* *The Raging Sun* (2007)

## Trivia

* *Every Time a Bell Rings an Angel Gets His Wings* was originally released under the name Log. The name was changed after the release and the album was re-released under the name Logh.

1. "Logh - North (album)", swedishcharts.com. Retrieved 27 June 2013.

## InfoBox

| Logh | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Background information | |
| Origin | Lund, Sweden |
| Genres | Art rock, post-rock |
| Years active | 1998–present |
|  | |
| Members | Mattias Friberg (vocals, guitar)
Mathias Olden (bass)
Jens Hellgren (guitar)
Mattias Jeppsson (guitar)
Karl Arvidson (keyboards)
Markku Hildén (drums) |
|  | |
| Past members | Kristofer Ronstrom (drums)
Fredrik Normark (drums) |
|  | |
| Website | http://logh.se |


title: Paramount Ranch Racetrack

abstract: Paramount Ranch Racetrack was a motorsports racetrack located at Paramount Ranch in the Santa Monica Mountains in Agoura Hills, California. A total of seven events were held at Paramount Ranch from 1956-1957. After a series of fatalities in short proximity to each other, the track gained a reputation for being a dangerous circuit. After two seasons, Paramount Ranch Racetrack was closed.

text:
# Paramount Ranch Racetrack

**Paramount Ranch Racetrack** (sometimes called **Paramount Ranch Raceway**) was a motorsports racetrack located at Paramount Ranch in the Santa Monica Mountains in Agoura Hills, California. A total of seven events were held at Paramount Ranch from 1956-1957. After a series of fatalities in short proximity to each other, the track gained a reputation for being a dangerous circuit. After two seasons, Paramount Ranch Racetrack was closed.

## Background

In 1956, the owner of Paramount Ranch decided to build a road-racing facility. He approached Ken Miles and Dick Van Laanen to design the road course. They designed a paved road course nearly 2 miles (3.2 km) in length. The road course included 11 turns with uphill and downhill sections, a straightaway just shy of 34 mile, a bridge and underpass as well as a lake opposite the start/finish line. Bob Bondurant described the course as “unforgiving but a real challenge”.

## Events

A total of seven events were held at Paramount Ranch. Five events were sponsored by the California Sports Car Club (CSCC) and two by the United States Auto Club (USAC).

### August 18–19, 1956 (CSCC)

| Date | Race Number | Laps/Time Limit | Class | Winner | Car |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Saturday, August 18, 1956 | 1 | 8 | Production sedans up to 1500cc | Fred Woodward | Alfa Romeo |
| Saturday, August 18, 1956 | 2 | 8 | Production under 1500cc | Ed Barker | Porsche Speedster |
| Saturday, August 18, 1956 | 3 | 8 | Production over 1500cc | Rudy Cleye | Mercedes Benz 300SL |
| Saturday, August 18, 1956 | 4 | 8 | Formula III and Formula Libre | Bruce Kessler | Cooper-Norton |
| Saturday, August 18, 1956 | 5 | 8 | Modified under 1500cc | Richie Ginther | Porsche Spyder |
| Saturday, August 18, 1956 | 6 | 8 | Modified 1500cc to 3000cc |  |  |
| Saturday, August 18, 1956 | 7 | 8 | Modified over 3000cc |  |  |
| Sunday, August 19, 1956 | 8 | 12 | Consolation under 1500cc | Robert Chamberlin | MGTC |
| Sunday, August 19, 1956 | 9 | 12 | Consolation over 1500cc | Bruce Kessler | Cooper M IX |
| Sunday, August 19, 1956 | 10 | 1 hour | Under 1500cc main event | Richie Ginther | Porsche Spyder |
| Sunday, August 19, 1956 | 11 | 8 | Ladies race | Ruth Levy | Porsche Super Speedster |
| Sunday, August 19, 1956 | 12 | 1 hour | Over 1500cc main event | Harrison Evans | Ferrari Monza |
|

### November 4, 1956 (USAC)

250 miles (402 km) USAC National Championship Stock Car Road Race. 32 cars entered the race with Sam Hanks winning the race in 3 hours and 36 minutes while driving his red and white 1956 Mercury finishing ahead of Johnny Mantz.

### November 17–18, 1956 (CSCC)

| Date | Race Number | Laps/Time Limit | Class | Winner | Car |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Saturday, November 17, 1956 | 1 | 30 min | Production sedans up to 1500cc | Jack Dair |  |
| Saturday, November 17, 1956 | 2 | 30 min | Formula III | Jean Geslin | Cooper Norton |
| Sunday, November 18, 1956 | 3 | 45 min | Production under 1500cc | Dale Johnson | Porsche Carrera |
| Sunday, November 18, 1956 | 4 | 45 min | Production over 1500cc | Bob Oker | AC Ace-Bristol |
| Sunday, November 18, 1956 | 5 | 45 min | Modified under 1500cc | Ken Miles | Porsche Cooper |
| Sunday, November 18, 1956 | 6 | 90 min | Modified over 1500cc | Ken Miles | Porsche Cooper |
|

### March 9–10, 1957 (CSCC)

| Date | Race Number | Laps/Time Limit | Class | Winner | Car |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Saturday, March 9, 1957 | 1 | n/a | Production sedans under 1500cc - Canceled | n/a | n/a |
| Saturday, March 9, 1957 | 2 | 10 | Production under 1300cc | Fred Woodward |  |
| Saturday, March 9, 1957 | 3 | 6 | Production 1300cc - 1500cc | Ed Barker |  |
| Saturday, March 9, 1957 | 4 | 6 | Production 1500cc - 2000cc | Bob Oker |  |
| Saturday, March 9, 1957 | 5 | 6 | Production over 2000cc | Jack Bates |  |
| Saturday, March 9, 1957 | 6 | 6 | Formula III | Ralph Ormsbee |  |
| Saturday, March 9, 1957 | 7 | 6 | Modified under 1100cc | Frank Monise |  |
| Saturday, March 9, 1957 | 7a | 6 | Modified 1100cc - 1500cc | Bob Drake |  |
| Saturday, March 9, 1957 | 8 | 10 | Modified over 1500cc | Eric Hauser |  |
| Sunday, March 10, 1957 | 9 | 10 | Production under 1500cc | E. Forbes-Robinson |  |
| Sunday, March 10, 1957 | 10 | 10 | Production over 1500cc | John Haggerty |  |
| Sunday, March 10, 1957 | 11 | 10 | Modified | Frank Livingstone |  |
| Sunday, March 10, 1957 | 12 | 1 hour | Under 1500cc modified | Bob Drake |  |
| Sunday, March 10, 1957 | 13 | 8 | Women's race and production sedans up to 1500cc | Ruth Levy |  |
| Sunday, March 10, 1957 | 14 | 1 hour | Over 1500cc modified | Jerry Austin | Jaguar D-Type |
|

### April 28, 1957 (USAC)

100 miles (161 km) USAC National Championship Stock Car race was won by Troy Ruttman driving a 1957 Ford. Ruttman finished 41 seconds ahead of Sam Hanks, followed closely behind by Jimmy Reece.

### June 15–16, 1957 (CSCC)

| Date | Race Number | Laps/Time Limit | Class | Winner | Car |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Saturday, June 15, 1957 | 1 | 8 | Production sedans up to 1300cc | Willie West |  |
| Saturday, June 15, 1957 | 2 | 10 | Production 1300cc - 1500cc | E Forbes-Robinson |  |
| Saturday, June 15, 1957 | 3 | 10 | Production 1500cc - 2700cc | Jim Parkinson |  |
| Saturday, June 15, 1957 | 4 | 10 | Production over 2700cc | Jack Bates |  |
| Saturday, June 15, 1957 | 5 | 10 | Formula III | Jean Geslin |  |
| Saturday, June 15, 1957 | 6 | 10 | Modified under 1000cc | Rico Verrecchia |  |
| Saturday, June 15, 1957 | 7 | 10 | Modified 1000cc - 1500cc | Ken Miles |  |
| Saturday, June 15, 1957 | 8 | 10 | Modified over 1500cc | Chuck Daigh | Troutman-Barnes Ford Thunderbird |
| Sunday, June 16, 1957 | 9 | 30 min | Production under 1500cc | E Forbes-Robinson |  |
| Sunday, June 16, 1957 | 10 | 30 min | Production over 1500cc | Jim Parkinson |  |
| Sunday, June 16, 1957 | 11 | 10 | Modified & Formula III | Pete Woods |  |
| Sunday, June 16, 1957 | 12 | 1 hour | Under 1500cc main event | \*Ken Miles | Porsche 550 Spyder |
| Sunday, June 16, 1957 | 13 | 8 | Women's Race | Ruth Levy |  |
| Sunday, June 16, 1957 | 14 | 1 hour | Over 1500cc Main Event | Chuck Daigh | Troutman-Barnes Ford Thunderbird |
|

Multiple MGTDs crashed during the first race resulting in five people being injured including one driver that was hospitalized.

This was Chuck Daigh's first overall win in a main event and also the first time a Ford V8 powered car won a major sports car race in the US. In the under 1500cc main event, Ken Miles was subsequently disqualified several days later due to a rule infraction when judges ruled that Miles made a brief pit-stop in a restricted area to accept a drink of water during the one-hour race. Runner up Jack McAfee who was also driving a Porsche 550 Spyder was declared the winner.

### December 7–8, 1957 (CSCC)

| Date | Race Number | Laps/Time Limit | Class | Winner | Car |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Saturday, December 7, 1957 | 1 | 10 | Production under 1300cc | Willie West |  |
| Saturday, December 7, 1957 | 2 | 10 | Production under 1500cc | Jimmy Moore |  |
| Saturday, December 7, 1957 | 3 | 10 | Production 1500cc-2700cc | William Love |  |
| Saturday, December 7, 1957 | 4 | 10 | Production over 2700cc | Jerry Austin |  |
| Saturday, December 7, 1957 | 5 | 10 | Formula III Formula Libre, and Formula II | Bob Drake |  |
| Saturday, December 7, 1957 | 6 | 10 | Modified under 1000cc | Jim Parkinson |  |
| Saturday, December 7, 1957 | 7 | 30 min | Modified 1000cc - 1500cc | Jean P Kunstle |  |
| Saturday, December 7, 1957 | 8 | 30 min | Production over 1500cc | Dan Gurney | Ferrari 375 Plus |
| Sunday, December 8, 1957 | 9 | 8 | Production MG's only | Ray Pickering |  |
| Sunday, December 8, 1957 | 10 | 8 | Production over 2000cc | Jerry Austin |  |
| Sunday, December 8, 1957 | 11 | 8 | Modified under 1100cc, Prod under 2000cc and Formula III | Ronnie Bucknum |  |
| Sunday, December 8, 1957 | 12 | 1 hour | Under 1500cc main event | Ken Miles |  |
| Sunday, December 8, 1957 | 13 | 8 | Ladies race | Linda Scott |  |
| Sunday, December 8, 1957 | 14 | 1 hour | Over 1500cc main event | Dan Gurney | Ferrari 375 Plus |
|

Two fatalities and two others were injured on what would be the final event at Paramount Ranch.

During the third race, Hugh Woods driving his Corvette crashed into a guard rail entering turn 1. The steel railing sliced through the car and Hugh’s right leg was severed. He incurred injuries to his left leg as well and fractures in both arms.

In the next race, a very similar accident occurred involving George Sherrerd driving his Jaguar XK120. Sherrerd hit the steel barrier which was still projecting after being hit by Woods in the previous race. The steel sheared through the car and through Sherrerd. He was killed instantly.

Turn 1 was generally not considered a dangerous turn on the track. The consensus was that both drivers just went into the turn “too hot.” It was subsequently revealed the guardrail was installed incorrectly and was facing backwards.

In the fifth race, Rolf Roth hit a hay bale leaving turn 11 and flipped his Formula III. Roth suffered a broken left wrist. Roth’s roll bar was credited with saving him.

In the final race of the event, nearing the final lap of the race, Jim Firestone driving a Frazer Nash Bristol lost control near turn 2 and hit a stack of tires and his car flipped. Firestone was ejected and was hit by the car which crushed his skull and neck. He was DOA upon arriving at Northridge Community Hospital.

## Today

The National Park Service maintains the entire ranch including the racetrack as an historic site. Today, very little remains of the racetrack. As of 2015, the bridge still remains however it has been blocked off so vehicles cannot drive over it. The road underneath the bridge has been overgrown with trees and shrubs. Home construction in the neighboring hillsides has caused water runoff which has destroyed the original layout and terrain of the land from when it was constructed. Much of the roads are no longer discernable. While there is some sentiment among park rangers to repair the circuit and return the track to its former glory, there are no definitive plans in place.

In November 2018, Paramount Ranch suffered near-total destruction during the Woolsey Fire.

## Film and television

Paramount Ranch Racetrack has been featured in several movies filmed in the 1950s and 1960s; most notably Devil’s Hairpin, Spinout, and Munster, Go Home!.

It was also featured in television shows over the next decade, including Perry Mason "The Case of the Runaway Racer" (1965).

1. Art Evans (2006). *Paramount Ranch Remembered*. Photo Data Research LLC. pp. 10–13. ISBN 0-9705073-7-2.
2. Art Evans (2006). *Remembering Paramount Ranch*. Photo Data Research. pp. 17–29. ISBN 0-9705073-7-2.
3. Art Evans (2006). *Remembering Paramount Ranch*. Photo Data Research. pp. 45–50. ISBN 0-9705073-7-2.
4. Art Evans (2006). *Remembering Paramount Ranch*. Photo Data Research. pp. 59–64. ISBN 0-9705073-7-2.
5. Art Evans (2006). *Remembering Paramount Ranch*. Photo Data Research. pp. 100–113. ISBN 0-9705073-7-2.
6. Art Evans (2006). *Remembering Paramount Ranch*. Photo Data Research. p. 133. ISBN 0-9705073-7-2.
7. Art Evans (2006). *Remembering Paramount Ranch*. Photo Data Research. pp. 138–150. ISBN 0-9705073-7-2.
8. Art Evans (2006). *Remembering Paramount Ranch*. Photo Data Research. pp. 168–183. ISBN 0-9705073-7-2.
9. Art Evans (2006). *Remembering Paramount Ranch*. Photo Data Research. pp. 230–234. ISBN 0-9705073-7-2.
10. Hibbard, James (November 9, 2018). "Certain Westworld sets burn down in California wildfire". *Entertainment Weekly*. Retrieved November 9, 2018.
11. "Storied history: Paramount Ranch Racetrack".

## Bibliography

* Evans, Art (2006). *Paramount Ranch Remembered*. Photo Data Research LLC. ISBN 0-9705073-7-2.

## InfoBox

Paramount Ranch Racetrack
| Location | Agoura Hills, California, United States |
| --- | --- |
| Time zone | UTC-8 (UTC-7 DST) |
| Coordinates | 34°07′16″N 118°45′16″W / 34.121°N 118.7544°W / 34.121; -118.7544 |
| Owner | National Park Service |
| Opened | 1956 |
| Closed | 1957 |
| Road course | |
| Surface | Asphalt |
| Length | ~2 miles |
| Turns | 11 |


title: The Next Doctor

abstract: "The Next Doctor" is a special episode of the British science fiction television programme Doctor Who, broadcast on 25 December 2008 as the fourth Doctor Who Christmas special of the revived series. During its original airing, the episode had an audience of 13.1 million viewers and was the second-most-watched programme of Christmas Day 2008. It was the final Doctor Who episode to be filmed in standard definition. David Tennant stars as the Tenth Doctor with one-off companions Jackson Lake and Rosita Farisi. The episode is set in London during the Christmas period of 1851. In the episode, the Doctor teams up with a man who appears to be another incarnation of himself; in their quest to foil a plot by the Cybermen to create a giant Cyberman called a CyberKing under the control of workhouse matron Miss Hartigan, the two inadvertently discover that the "new" Doctor is actually Jackson Lake, a regular human who began suffering from amnesia and believing himself to be the Doctor after interacting with Cyberman technology.

text:
# The Next Doctor

"**The Next Doctor**" is a special episode of the British science fiction television programme *Doctor Who*, broadcast on 25 December 2008 as the fourth *Doctor Who* Christmas special of the revived series. During its original airing, the episode had an audience of 13.1 million viewers and was the second-most-watched programme of Christmas Day 2008. It was the final *Doctor Who* episode to be filmed in standard definition.

David Tennant stars as the Tenth Doctor with one-off companions Jackson Lake (David Morrissey) and Rosita Farisi (Velile Tshabalala). The episode is set in London during the Christmas period of 1851. In the episode, the Doctor teams up with a man who appears to be another incarnation of himself; in their quest to foil a plot by the Cybermen to create a giant Cyberman called a CyberKing under the control of workhouse matron Miss Hartigan (Dervla Kirwan), the two inadvertently discover that the "new" Doctor is actually Jackson Lake, a regular human who began suffering from amnesia and believing himself to be the Doctor after interacting with Cyberman technology.

## Plot

The Tenth Doctor lands in London on Christmas Eve, 1851. Overhearing cries for help, he encounters a man calling himself "the Doctor" and his companion Rosita attempting and failing to capture a Cybershade. The Doctor believes the man, who is suffering from amnesia, may be a future incarnation of himself. The man, dubbed the Next Doctor, takes the Doctor to a nearby house of a recently deceased reverend, believing him to be tied to a series of disappearances around London. Inside, they discover a pair of Cyberman data-storage infostamps, which the Next Doctor recalls holding the night that he lost his memories.

The two Doctors regroup with Rosita at the Next Doctor's base. The Doctor comes to realize that the Next Doctor is really a human, Jackson Lake, the supposed first missing person. The Doctor suspects that Jackson had encountered the Cybermen and used the infostamps, containing knowledge of the Doctor, to ward them off. Jackson's mind then entered a fugue state from the trauma of the Cybermen killing his wife, and as the infostamp had infused his mind with knowledge of the Doctor, he came to believe he was the Doctor. The Doctor and Rosita set off to try to find the source of the Cybermen.

The Doctor and Rosita find numerous children, pulled from workhouses around the city by Miss Mercy Hartigan, are being put to work at an underground facility under Cybermen guard. The Cybermen betray Miss Hartigan, and convert her into the controller for the "CyberKing", a giant mechanical Cyberman powered by the energy generated by the children. She also gains control over the Cybermen. Jackson remembers encountering the Cybermen on moving into his new home. The Doctor discovers another entrance to the Cybermen's base under Jackson's house. Within the complex, as the CyberKing starts to rise to the city, the three rescue the children, including Jackson's son, who was abducted in the initial attack that triggered Jackson's fugue state. The CyberKing starts to lay waste to the city. When Miss Hartigan refuses the Doctor's offer to leave the planet, the Doctor uses the infostamps to sever her connection to the CyberKing, exposing her to the raw emotion of what she has done. The emotional feedback destroys both the Cybermen and Miss Hartigan. As the CyberKing starts to topple, the Doctor draws it into the Time Vortex with technology from Jackson's cellar, saving London.

### Continuity

According to Neil Gaiman, when discussing the 2013 episode "Nightmare in Silver", the Cybus Industries Cybermen "zapped off into time and space" by the Doctor at the end of this episode eventually encountered the Mondas Cybermen; their "cross-breeding and interchange of technology" resulted in the variety of Cybermen seen in that episode.

## Production

### Writing

Pre-broadcast publicity, based on excerpts from Davies' book *Doctor Who: The Writer's Tale*, revealed that the Doctor would meet a man played by David Morrissey who also claims to be the Doctor. In further excerpts, Davies commented, "The best title for this episode would be *The Two Doctors*... but maybe not. *The New Doctor*, perhaps? Or *The Next Doctor*? I quite like *The Next Doctor*." The book also contained two pictures from a scene cut from the end of the previous episode, intended to segue into the special echoing the previous two series. This scene was included on the series boxset.

Following the success of the previous year's Christmas special, "Voyage of the Damned", which guest starred pop star Kylie Minogue as one-off companion Astrid Peth, Russell T Davies had initially felt tempted to copy this format with another high-profile guest star, but decided against it after jokingly offering up "Cheryl Cole on board the *Hindenburg*" as an example.

When writing the episode, Davies was unhappy with the final scene in which the Doctor gets rid of the CyberKing with the convenient Dalek dimension vault, but could not think of another way to stop London being crushed by a giant robot. Later, after the episode was produced, he conceived an alternate ending in which Miss Hartigan "should have destroyed the Cybermen when she screamed... but she's still in the chair", as the CyberKing falls to the Earth, the Doctor calls out to her saying "Save them." This version would have Hartigan redeem herself as she is the one to cause the CyberKing to disappear, with no need for what Davies called "a silly Dalek continuum dimension vault". Julie Gardner felt this would have been a superior, "marvellous" ending and Davies said that he "can't bear that there could have been a better ending than we actually transmitted".

Davies said that he attempted to make Jackson Lake's companion Rosita a combination of Rose and Martha so that she felt like a companion before she had done anything.

### Locations

Filming for this episode was conducted in April 2008 at Gloucester Cathedral, St Woolos Cemetery in Newport and the streets of Gloucester, where shooting was hampered by up to 1,000 onlookers. The main setting of *Torchwood*, their Torchwood Hub was also redesigned and used as the workshop for the children.

### Casting

David Morrissey is the main guest star, playing "a character called The Doctor  a man who believes himself to be a Time Lord". He was influenced in his performance by previous Doctor actors William Hartnell, Patrick Troughton and Tom Baker, as he believed there was "a truth" to their performances because they "never saw \[*Doctor Who*\] as a genre show or a children's show". He is joined by Velile Tshabalala as Rosita, the companion to Morrissey's "Doctor", whom Russell T Davies describes as "probably cleverer than the two of them \[the Doctors\] put together". For Tshabalala, the character came naturally because her "feisty cockney girl" characterization was very "close to home" for her.

Dervla Kirwan plays Mercy Hartigan, who Russell T Davies describes in the episode's podcast commentary as "dark a villain as you will ever have". A lot of her characterization goes unstated, but Russell discussed it in long conversations with Dervla Kirwan and fellow executive producer Julie Gardner. Davies characterizes Miss Hartigan as "a victim of abuse", for whom the subtext suggests a "terrible backstory" which is symptomatic of her being "part of \[this\] Victorian Age." Davies describes this as being "a powerless woman who's been in servitude or far worse all her life", but holds his tongue from saying her precise profession, relaying: "I'm talking quite discreetly around this because there are children listening and watching and there's only so far I should go." He does however explain that "She's had terrible things done to her" which is responsible for her "really twisted character where she sexualizes everything." In terms of costume, "she wears red" because "everything's inflammatory with her". "And in the end, actually" Davies discusses how to escape her male oppression she "becomes a man, she becomes the CyberKing. She has to go through this extraordinary process because she's so damaged." Kirwan would later go on to voice Miss Quill, replacing the original actress Katherine Kelly, in the audio dramas of the spin-off *Class* produced by Big Finish Productions in 2019.

### Design

Millennium FX's Neil Gorton's original design for the Cybershade took the existing Cyberman design and "refurbished" it by adding rivets and a copper finish. The design was cost-effective but Russell T Davies did not believe it was the right approach. He sketched a new design for the Cybershade that was "a crude version of a Cyberman, all angular and blocky, with its trademark handlebars set at a jaunty angle and shrouded in flowing black robes". Gorton used Davies' sketch to create a fiberglass mask that the Cybershade actors wore over their heads. Costume designer Louise Page made the flowing robes, that were "light enough to not restrict movement" to complete the Cybershade costume. A new head design for the Cyber Leader was also introduced, sporting a black face and handles and an exposed brain similar to the one of the Cyber Controller from "The Age of Steel" (2006).

Originally, Gardner relayed that there was a widespread dissatisfaction with Hartigan's CyberKing crown. The original helmet, he remarked "was like the Cyberwoman's head from *Torchwood*" (referring to the episode "Cyberwoman"), literally "a Cyberman's head on Dervla Kirwan" or "as if Dervla Kirwan decided to go to a \[fancy dress\] party as a Cyberman." Davies' response was "Oh my lord, no." The production team however worked hard, and in two days produced the final headpiece seen in the episode which Davies described as "beautiful", because it's "Victorian and it fits the design." In the scene after the headpiece is placed on her, Dervla wore black contact lenses and SFX company The Mill helped to get rid of "any traces of white" in post-production.

## Broadcast

Preliminary figures show that the episode had a viewing audience of 11.71 million during its original airing, with a peak at 12.58 million viewers, and a 50.5% share of the 18:00 timeslot it was shown. It was the second most watched programme of Christmas Day 2008, behind Wallace and Gromit's *A Matter of Loaf and Death*. Final viewing figures show an audience of 13.1 million viewers.

The episode had an Appreciation Index figure of 86 (considered Excellent), making it the second most-enjoyed programme on mainstream television on Christmas Day. The only programme to score higher was *A Matter of Loaf and Death*, which scored 88.

In Australia, the ABC aired the episode on 25 January 2009 from 7:30pm. In Canada, Space aired the special instead of CBC on 14 March 2009. BBC America aired the special in United States on 27 June 2009.

Although *The Next Doctor* was not filmed in HD, the BBC aired it on BBC One HD Thursday 30 December 2010. They up-scaled the program to HD, and it also included Dolby Surround sound. This is the third *Doctor Who* episode that has been up-scaled in the United Kingdom.

## Home media

### DVD release

The DVD was released in the United Kingdom on 19 January 2009. The DVD features a full set of end credits newly produced in a "cinematic" format to replace the broadcast version. There is an hour of special features on the disc, including the full Doctor Who Confidential for the episode, a cut-down edition of the *Doctor Who* Prom hosted by Freema Agyeman and the seven-minute mini-episode "Music of the Spheres". The DVD was re-released on 11 January 2010 in the boxset 'The Complete Specials', packaged with the remainder of the 2008–10 specials.

The ten Christmas specials between "The Christmas Invasion" and "Last Christmas" inclusive were released in a boxset titled *Doctor Who – The 10 Christmas Specials* on 19 October 2015.

### Blu-ray release

Although "The Next Doctor" was not filmed in High Definition, it was up-scaled for Blu-ray, with DTS HD 5.1 Audio, and released as part of the 2008–2010 Specials boxset, for Blu-ray, entitled "Doctor Who: The Complete Specials".

## Soundtrack

Selected pieces of score from this special, as composed by Murray Gold, were included in the specials soundtrack on 4 October 2010, released by Silva Screen Records.

## Awards

In April 2010, it was nominated for the Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation, Short Form, along with "Planet of the Dead". Both lost out to "The Waters of Mars". It was nominated for *Outstanding Visual Effects in a Broadcast Miniseries, Movie or Special* at the 7th Visual Effects Society Awards but lost to *John Adams*.

## InfoBox

| 199  "The Next Doctor" | |
| --- | --- |
| *Doctor Who* episode | |
| Cast | |
| **Doctor** | |
| **Companions** | |
| **Others** | |
| Production | |
| Directed by | Andy Goddard |
| Written by | Russell T Davies |
| Script editor | Lindsey Alford |
| Produced by | Susie Liggat |
| Executive producer(s) | Russell T Davies
Julie Gardner |
| Music by | Murray Gold |
| Production code | 4.14 |
| Series | 2008–2010 specials |
| Running time | 60 minutes |
| First broadcast | 25 December 2008 (2008-12-25) |
| Chronology | |
| **Preceded by**
"Journey's End" (episode)
"Music of the Spheres" (mini-episode) **Followed by**
"Planet of the Dead" | |
|


title: 195 Eurykleia

abstract: 195 Eurykleia is a fairly large main belt asteroid. It was discovered by the Austrian astronomer Johann Palisa on April 19, 1879, and named after Euryclea, the wet-nurse of Odysseus in The Odyssey. This body is orbiting the Sun with a period of 4.88 years and a low eccentricity (ovalness) of 0.04. The orbital plane is inclined by 7° from the plane of the ecliptic. It is spinning with a rotation period of 16.5 hours and varies in brightness with an amplitude of 0.24 magnitude. The cross-section diameter of this body is 43 km. The asteroid has a taxonomic type of Ch in the SMASS classification, which indicates it has a dark surface with a primitive carbonaceous composition. 195 Eurykleia has been observed to occult stars twice, once in 2011 and again in 2021.

text:
# 195 Eurykleia

**195 Eurykleia** is a fairly large main belt asteroid. It was discovered by the Austrian astronomer Johann Palisa on April 19, 1879, and named after Euryclea, the wet-nurse of Odysseus in *The Odyssey*.

This body is orbiting the Sun with a period of 4.88 years and a low eccentricity (ovalness) of 0.04. The orbital plane is inclined by 7° from the plane of the ecliptic. It is spinning with a rotation period of 16.5 hours and varies in brightness with an amplitude of 0.24 magnitude. The cross-section diameter of this body is 43 km. The asteroid has a taxonomic type of Ch in the SMASS classification, which indicates it has a dark surface with a primitive carbonaceous composition.

195 Eurykleia has been observed to occult stars twice, once in 2011 and again in 2021.

## InfoBox

195 Eurykleia
| 3D convex shape model of 195 Eurykleia | |
| --- | --- |
| Discovery | |
| Discovered by | J. Palisa, 1879 |
| Discovery date | 19 April 1879 |
| Designations | |
| MPC designation | (195) Eurykleia |
| Pronunciation | /jʊrɪˈklə/ |
| Alternative designations | A879 HA; 1949 QB2 |
| Minor planet category | Main belt |
| Orbital characteristics | |
| Epoch 31 July 2016 (JD 2457600.5) | |
| Uncertainty parameter 0 | |
| Observation arc | 131.99 yr (48,208 d) |
| Aphelion | 3.00 AU (449.33 Gm) |
| Perihelion | 2.75 AU (411.29 Gm) |
| Semi-major axis | 2.88 AU (430.30 Gm) |
| Eccentricity | 0.044205 |
| Orbital period (sidereal) | 4.88 yr (1,781.9 d) |
| Mean anomaly | 113.56° |
| Mean motion | 0° 12m 7.308s / day |
| Inclination | 6.9718° |
| Longitude of ascending node | 6.9930° |
| Argument of perihelion | 119.12° |
| Earth MOID | 1.77 AU (264.87 Gm) |
| Jupiter MOID | 2.01 AU (300.95 Gm) |
| TJupiter | 3.284 |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Mean radius | 42.855±0.85 km |
| Synodic rotation period | 16.52178±0.00001 h |
| Geometric albedo | 0.0599±0.002 |
| Spectral type | Ch |
| Absolute magnitude *(H)* | 9.01 |
|  | |


title: Live and Let Live (Peter Gabriel song)

abstract: "Live and Let Live" is a song by English musician Peter Gabriel, first released on 27 November 2023 as the final single released in promotion of his tenth studio album I/O, four days before the record's release. It is the final track on the record; the dark-side and in-side mixes of the track are also extended by an additional 25 seconds. The artwork for the single was designed by Nick Cave with his piece "Soundsuit".

text:
# Live and Let Live (Peter Gabriel song)

"**Live and Let Live**" is a song by English musician Peter Gabriel, first released on 27 November 2023 as the final single released in promotion of his tenth studio album *I/O*, four days before the record's release. It is the final track on the record; the dark-side and in-side mixes of the track are also extended by an additional 25 seconds. The artwork for the single was designed by Nick Cave with his piece "Soundsuit".

## Background

According to Gabriel, the song is about forgiveness, tolerance, and optimism. The track was described by Gabriel as "a joyous, rousingly-positive, closing note for the album". Elaborating on this, Gabriel stated:

> "If we look at what's happening in the Middle East now or in Ukraine, all sorts of places around the world where there's still violence and brutality, to walk around with a bunch of flowers, preaching forgiveness seems trite and pathetic, maybe. But in the long run, I think people have to find a way. 'Peace only happens when you respect the rights of others' is a quote from the Peace University in Costa Rica and I think that's a really important message for me and for my life. You either belong to that hurt or you free yourself and forgiveness is clearly a super effective way of freeing yourself."

The track has also been described as a powerful anthem about love and forgiveness, Gabriel has also stated that when writing the track he had Nelson Mandela and Desmond Tutu in mind.

## Personnel

**Orchestra**

* Orchestral arrangement: John Metcalfe and Peter Gabriel
* Violins: Everton Nelson, Ian Humphries, Louisa Fuller, Charles Mutter, Cathy Thompson, Natalia Bonner, Richard George, Marianne Haynes, Martin Burgess, Clare Hayes, Debbie Widdup, and Odile Ollagnon
* Violas: Bruce White, Fiona Bonds, Peter Lale, and Rachel Roberts
* Cellos: Ian Burdge (including solo cello), Chris Worsey, Caroline Dale, William Schofield, Tony Woollard, and Chris Allan
* Double bass: Chris Laurence, Stacy Watton, and Lucy Shaw
* Flute: Eliza Marshall
* French horn: David Pyatt, Richard Bissill
* Tenor trombone: Andy Wood, Tracy Holloway
* Bass trombone: Richard Henry
* Tuba: David Powell
* Orchestra conductor: John Metcalfe
* Orchestra leader: Everton Nelson
* Sheet music supervisor: Dave Foster
* Orchestra contractor: Lucy Whalley and Susie Gillis

**Choir** The Soweto Gospel Choir Soprano: Linda Sambo, Nobuhle Dhlamini, Phello Jiyane, Victoria Sithole
Alto: Maserame Ndindwa, Phumla Nkhumeleni, Zanele Ngwenya, Duduzile Ngomane
Tenor: George Kaudi, Vusimuzi Shabalala, Xolani Ntombela, Victor Makhathini
Bass: Thabang Mkhwanazi, Goodwill Modawu, Warren Mahlangu, Fanizile Nzuza
Soloists: Phello Jiyane (Soprano), Duduzile Ngomane (Alto), Vusimuzi Shabalala (Tenor), Fanizile Nzuza (Bass), Victor Makhathini (Male voice Zulu improvisations), Phumla Nkhumeleni (Female ululating and chanting)

* Musical director / vocal arranger: Bongani (Honey) Ncube

## Charts

Chart performance for "Live and Let Live"
| Chart (2023) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| German Downloads (Offizielle Download Top 100) | 52 |
| UK Singles Downloads (OCC) | 74 |

## InfoBox

| "Live and Let Live" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Peter Gabriel | |
| from the album  *I/O* | |
| Released | 27 November 2023 |
| Genre | Progressive pop |
| Length | * 6:46 (bright-side mix) * 7:11 (dark-side and in-side mixes) |
| Label |  |
| Songwriter(s) | Peter Gabriel |
| Producer(s) | Peter Gabriel |
| Peter Gabriel singles chronology | |
| "And Still"
(2023) "**Live and Let Live**"
(2023) | |


title: Placido Mossello

abstract: Placido Mossello was an Italian painter. He was a resident of Turin. He painted decoration in the way of frescoes and painted furniture, including a cabinet painted in tempera exhibited along with Francesco Carando. He painted Flos Florum, exhibited in 1880; and an oil painting of La Madonna, exhibited in 1887 at Venice. Along with his brother, Domenico Mossello, he frescoed Putti (1864) in the ballroom of Royal Apartments of the Castello de La Mandria, found in the La Mandria Regional Park, located northwest of Turin. He also frescoed ceilings (1878) in Palazzo Marenco of Turin. He also worked as an architect, designing the hexagonal Piloni, which are small chapels-shrines (1903), housing terra-cotta scenes of the Via Crucis at the Santuario dei Piloni at Montà d'Alba. His two daughters, Luigia and Romana Mossello, married Carlo Bartolomeo Musso and his brother Secondo. Carlo Bartolomeo (1863-1935) was a sculptor trained at the Accademia Albertina.

text:
# Placido Mossello

**Placido Mossello** (1835 in Montà d'Alba – 1894) was an Italian painter.

He was a resident of Turin. He painted decoration in the way of frescoes and painted furniture, including a cabinet painted in tempera exhibited along with Francesco Carando. He painted *Flos Florum*, exhibited in 1880; and an oil painting of *La Madonna*, exhibited in 1887 at Venice. Along with his brother, Domenico Mossello, he frescoed *Putti* (1864) in the ballroom of Royal Apartments of the Castello de La Mandria, found in the La Mandria Regional Park, located northwest of Turin. He also frescoed ceilings (1878) in Palazzo Marenco of Turin. He also worked as an architect, designing the hexagonal *Piloni*, which are small chapels-shrines (1903), housing terra-cotta scenes of the Via Crucis at the Santuario dei Piloni at Montà d'Alba.

His two daughters, Luigia and Romana Mossello, married Carlo Bartolomeo Musso and his brother Secondo. Carlo Bartolomeo (1863-1935) was a sculptor trained at the Accademia Albertina.


abstract: Prairie Township is one of eight townships in Audrain County, Missouri, United States. As of the 2010 census, its population was 932.

text:
# Prairie Township, Audrain County, Missouri

**Prairie Township** is one of eight townships in Audrain County, Missouri, United States. As of the 2010 census, its population was 932.

## History

Prairie Township was established in 1837. The township was named for prairie landscape within its borders.

## Geography

Prairie Township covers an area of 79.0 square miles (204.6 km2) and contains one incorporated settlement, Laddonia. It contains three cemeteries: Bean Creek, Eubank and Unity.

The streams of Bean Creek, Hazel Creek, Littleby Creek, Sandy Creek, Talleys Branch, Tattys Creek and Wildcat Creek run through this township.

## Transportation

Prairie Township contains one airport or landing strip, Schlemmer Airport.

## InfoBox

| Prairie Township | |
| --- | --- |
| Township | |
|  | |
| Coordinates: 39°15′44″N 091°41′41″W / 39.26222°N 91.69472°W / 39.26222; -91.69472 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Missouri |
| County | Audrain |
| Area | |
| Total | 79.02 sq mi (204.65 km2) |
| Land | 78.69 sq mi (203.80 km2) |
| Water | 0.33 sq mi (0.85 km2)  0.42% |
| Elevation | 774 ft (236 m) |
| Population (2010) | |
| Total | 932 |
| Density | 12/sq mi (4.6/km2) |
| FIPS code | 29-59474 |
| GNIS feature ID | 0766244 |


title: Mercu Buana University

abstract: Mercu Buana University is a private university is a private university under the Menara Bhakti Foundation located in Jakarta. Mercu Buana University is one of the best universities in Indonesia, which has a long history with a good reputation. This is evidenced by the ranking of Mercu Buana University at the national and international levels. Internationally, Mercu Buana University has been named Number One Private Higher Education based on the AD Index Scientific Ranking in 2022 and ranked 3rd Best Private University in DKI Jakarta from 4 International Colleges and Universities (UniRank) in 2022. Domestically, Mercu Buana University occupies the position of eleven nationally and number three in Jakarta based on the 2022 Webometric ranking. Meanwhile, according to the 2020 Indonesian Higher Education Clusterization by the Directorate General of Higher Education, Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, Mercu Buana University is ranked 33 nationally. The four international and national accreditations are enough to prove that Mercu Buana University is a reputable campus

text:
# Mercu Buana University

**Mercu Buana University** (**UMB**, or **Universitas Mercu Buana**) is a private university is a private university under the Menara Bhakti Foundation located in Jakarta. Mercu Buana University is one of the best universities in Indonesia, which has a long history with a good reputation. This is evidenced by the ranking of Mercu Buana University at the national and international levels. Internationally, Mercu Buana University has been named Number One Private Higher Education based on the AD Index Scientific Ranking in 2022 and ranked 3rd Best Private University in DKI Jakarta from 4 International Colleges and Universities (UniRank) in 2022. Domestically, Mercu Buana University occupies the position of eleven nationally and number three in Jakarta based on the 2022 Webometric ranking. Meanwhile, according to the 2020 Indonesian Higher Education Clusterization by the Directorate General of Higher Education, Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, Mercu Buana University is ranked 33 nationally (4 best private LLDIKTI Region 3 Jakarta). The four international and national accreditations are enough to prove that Mercu Buana University is a reputable campus

## History

### Founding and early history

With his background as a teacher at Taman Siswa, Pematang Siantar, North Sumatra, H. Probosutedjo established Akademi Wiraswasta Dewantara (Dewantara Entrepreneur Academy; AWD) on November 10, 1981. Its groundbreaking was conducted by H. Adam Malik, former Indonesian vice president. The name was taken from a national education figure: Ki Hajar Dewantara.

Before it had its own campus, lectures were given at Gedung Yayasan Tenaga Kerja Indonesia (the Building of Indonesian Migrant Workers’s Foundation – YTKI) on Jalan Gatot Soebroto. In 1984, Yayasan Menara Bhakti (Menara Bhakti Foundation) built the Menara Bhakti Campus.

In 1985 plans were made to erect a university-level institution. With a decree of the chairman of Menara Bhakti Foundation, they in 1985 formed a committee to establish a university. On the committee were chairman Dr. Sri-Edi Swasono assisted by H. Abdul Madjid, Dr. Iman Santosa Sukardi, Dr. M. Enoch Markum, Ir. Suharyadi, M.S., Soekarno and Prijo S. Parwoto.

Kopertis Region III (Responsible for Jadetabek region) granted an operational permit to Mercu Buana University. On October 22, 1985 Mercu Buana was officially declared as a university with faculties and departments as follows:

* Faculty of Engineering, with Architecture and Civil Engineering Departments
* Faculty of Agriculture, with Agribusiness and Agronomy Departments
* Economics, with Management and Accounting Departments

The number of students in the first year was 118. A year later, based upon assessment result conducted by Kopertis Region III, the six departments received “Registered” status from Minister of Education and Culture.

## Identity

## Organization and Governance

### Rector

Dr. Harwikarya, MT is the caretaker rector of Mercu Buana University, pending the official result of rector selection.

### Schools and colleges

UMB is organized into schools and colleges, each with a different dean and organization.

#### Faculties

* Mercu Buana College of Accounting
* Mercu Buana College of Enterprise Management
* Mercu Buana Faculty of Accounting
* Mercu Buana Faculty of Communication Studies
* Mercu Buana Faculty of Management
* Mercu Buana Faculty of Computer Science
* Mercu Buana Faculty of Architectural Engineering
* Mercu Buana Faculty of Industrial Engineering
* Mercu Buana Faculty of Electrochemical Technology
* Mercu Buana Faculty of Psychology

#### Postgraduate schools

## Facilities

Campuses

* Menara Bhakti Campus is on Jalan Meruya Selatan, Kebun Jeruk, West Jakarta.
* Menteng Campus is in Tedja Buana Building (Kedaung) 4th–6th floors on Jalan Menteng Raya No. 29, Central Jakarta.
* Warung Buncit A.K.A Pejaten Campus is on Jalan Warung Buncit Raya No. 98, South Jakarta.

## Student Affairs

## InfoBox

Mercu Buana University
| Type | Private |
| --- | --- |
| Established | October 22, 1985 |
| Rector | Dr. Harwikarya, MT (Caretaker rector pending the result of rector election) |
| Location | Jakarta, Indonesia |
| Campus | Jakarta: Meruya; Menteng; Warung Buncit |
| Colors | Coquelicot, blue and white |
| Website | mercubuana.ac.id |


title: Veterinary orthotics

abstract: Pet orthotics refers to the use of orthotics for pets. Orthotics is an allied health care field concerned with the design, development, fitting, and manufacture of orthoses. Orthoses, sometimes called braces or splints, are devices that support or correct musculoskeletal deformities and/or abnormalities of the body. Animals that might benefit from the use of an orthosis commonly have an injury to a lower limb or paw, such as a fracture, torn meniscus, ruptured Achilles tendon, or injured cruciate ligament. They may also have an orthopedic condition due to arthritis, spinal cord injury, or a congenital abnormality. Animals that have used orthoses and prostheses include dogs, cats, horses, llamas, and an orangutan. Each animal's situation is unique and should be evaluated by a veterinarian.

text:
# Veterinary orthotics

***Pet orthotics*** refers to the use of orthotics for pets. **Orthotics** is an allied health care field concerned with the design, development, fitting, and manufacture of orthoses. Orthoses, sometimes called braces or splints, are devices that support or correct musculoskeletal deformities and/or abnormalities of the body.

Animals that might benefit from the use of an orthosis commonly have an injury to a lower limb or paw, such as a fracture, torn meniscus, ruptured Achilles tendon, or injured cruciate ligament (ACL or CCL). They may also have an orthopedic condition due to arthritis, spinal cord injury, or a congenital abnormality. Animals that have used orthoses and prostheses (artificial limbs) include dogs, cats, horses, llamas, and an orangutan. Each animal's situation is unique and should be evaluated by a veterinarian.

## Orthoses

Orthoses can decrease pain and increase stability in an unstable joint, as well as prevent potential progression or development of a deformity or contracture. An orthosis will prevent, control or even assist the motion of a joint, depending upon how it is made. An orthosis can be made for short-term use during a post-operative healing period, for example, or for long-term chronic use. They can provide a good quality of life for an animal that might otherwise have to be euthanized.

With a few exceptions, orthoses for animals are custom-made from a cast. They are typically formed from lightweight plastic or carbon fiber material with a comfort liner inside and velcro to hold them in place. They may have solid joints or hinged joints.

An orthotic differs from a prosthetic in that a prosthetic completely replaces a missing limb or body part, whereas an orthotic is an external device that is meant to help support or protect a limb or body part.

The most common orthotic, especially for dogs, are booties. They have a wide range of uses for the dog, including traction while getting up or walking on slippery surfaces such as hardwood or tile flooring. They can especially help dogs with hip issues and dogs with neurological conditions who are less aware of their self-movement (proprioception).

Another form of orthotic is a leg brace that can improve stabilization for issues caused by age, worn-out bones in the foot, or ectrodactyly. This is the deficiency of one or more central digits of the foot, causing the animal's foot to become deformed. Proper support is necessary or more serious health issues can arise in the future.

## Misaligned teeth

Malpositions should be corrected as early as possible. The sooner the problem is resolved, and the younger the animal, the easier and faster a correction using dog braces or other methods is possible since the bones are still remodeled due to the growth. The misaligned teeth are often congenital, i.e., the causes are genetic. They are already visible in the young dog, e.g., excess teeth, deciduous teeth that have not failed, or jaw malformations. As with humans, there are also braces or other appliances for orthodontic treatment in dogs. With the help of these methods, teeth in the jaw, for example, can be realigned and thus integrated into the healthy row of teeth. There are different systems of dog braces.

## Factors

### Fit, material, and functionality

When looking at purchasing or constructing an orthotic for a pet, several factors must be taken into consideration to ensure the animal's health and wellness. These include how the orthotic sits on the body, the material being used, and the functionality of the product. The fit is also important for prosthetics for the area of attachment so it is comfortable and does not cause irritation to the skin. Material is also a consideration: if the skin is irritated or damaged, it can have a greater impact on the animal than if it were not wearing the orthotic at all, in some cases. The functionality of the orthotic affects both owner and pet. An orthotic or a prosthetic needs to be monitored regularly. Orthotics need to be removed several times daily to check the condition of the skin. For this reason, it is better if they are easier to take on and off, both in terms of ease and in avoiding irritation to the skin by removing or putting on the orthotic in a cumbersome way. It also helps the pet to stay calm if it is not such a laborious task. For functionality, the product itself and how it will serve the pet are important considerations. An orthotic that interferes with the pet's daily life and range of motion is problematic. Even if the pet wears it while standing, it might not function well enough when trying to get up from lying down. The orthotic must also be kept clean, both from dirt from everyday activities and sweat build-up, and if the pet gets dirty.

### Cost and alternatives

Depending on the orthotic, they can be expensive. 3D printing can be a cost-effective alternative. 3D printing is an additive manufacturing process where filament is layered on top of itself to create a three-dimensional object. This differs from more traditional subtractive manufacturing processes, like drilling, where the material is taken away to form a whole. Free online versions of different orthotics are available to print if a more general model is suitable; they can also be adapted to fit the owner and pet's needs. Libraries may be a source of complimentary or donation-based printing for the public. Custom orthotics can also be designed in 3D modeling software.


abstract: Mademoiselle Josette, My Woman is a 1933 French comedy film directed by André Berthomieu and starring Annabella, Jean Murat and Edith Méra. It is based on the 1906 play of the same title by Robert Charvay and Paul Gavault. Berthomieu himself remade the film in 1950.

text:
# Mademoiselle Josette, My Woman (1933 film)

***Mademoiselle Josette, My Woman*** (French: ***Mademoiselle Josette, ma femme***) is a 1933 French comedy film directed by André Berthomieu and starring Annabella, Jean Murat and Edith Méra. It is based on the 1906 play of the same title by Robert Charvay and Paul Gavault. Berthomieu himself remade the film in 1950.

## Cast

1. Limbacher p.128

## Bibliography

* James L. Limbacher. *Haven't I seen you somewhere before?: Remakes, sequels, and series in motion pictures and television, 1896-1978*. Pierian Press, 1979.

## InfoBox

| Mademoiselle Josette, My Woman | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | André Berthomieu |
| Written by | André Berthomieu |
| Based on | *Mademoiselle Josette, My Woman* by Robert Charvay and Paul Gavault |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography |  |
| Music by | Georges Van Parys |
| Production<br>company | Films de France |
| Distributed by | * Films de France * Cinélax |
| Release date | * 7 April 1933 (1933-04-07) |
| Running time | 84 minutes |
| Country | France |
| Language | French |


title: Federica Fontana

abstract: Federica Fontana is an Italian television sports announcer and TV program hostess, who also does various kinds of modeling on the side.

text:
# Federica Fontana

**Federica Fontana** (born April 30, 1977) is an Italian television sports announcer (especially for soccer games) and TV program hostess, who also does various kinds of modeling on the side.

## Biography

Federica started to appear in TV and public ad campaigns at a young age. She also entered beauty contests: at age 18 in 1995, she won the second place crown as *Miss Buona Domenica*, and the third-place position as *Bellissima*, participating as an assistant in *La sai l'ultima?*. In 1997, Federica appeared on television in the programs *Presentazione del Milan*, *Mai dire Gol*, *Volevo Salutare*, *Strettamente Personale* and was a hostess for *Slurpiamo*, an on the air program for children on "Junior TV Antenna 3". In 1998, she was in the cast of *Scatafascio*, *Paperissima* (1998-99 edition), and *Un Anno di Sport*. In 1999-2000 she substituted for another announcer in a supporting role for Massimo De Luca in the program *Pressing Champions League*.

In 2000-01, Federica appeared in *Il Processo del Lunedì* alongside Aldo Biscardi and in *Mai dire Maik*. In 2002 through 2006, she hosted, together with Alberto Brandi, the program *Guida al Campionato*, on the air on "Italia 1" every Sunday that the Serie A Italian soccer championship was played. After that appearance, Federica started to achieve notable popularity, and in 2003 she was called to appear in *Ciro presenta Visitors*, a comedy, and, in the summertime, in *Bande Sonore* (as the hostess). In October 2004, Federica appeared in *Super Ciro* (Italia 1). In 2006-07, she replaced Elisabetta Canalis in *Controcampo-Diritto di replica*, a TV program on the air every Sunday of the Serie A Italian soccer championship, thus leaving the *Guida al Campionato* program after four years.

As a model, Federica has posed for magazines (such as FHM and GQ), newspapers, and catalogs, and also for photo calendars, such as the 2004 calendar of the magazine *Controcampo*, calendars for GQ magazine, and for calendars about Federica herself, featuring at least one photo of her for every month of the year.

Federica married billionaire businessman Jorge Jimenez Neubauer Torres on February 5, 2012. They celebrated nuptials in a Catholic ceremony in Brescia, Italy. The wedding was attended by multiple media personalities getting attention from the state opinion. The couple have two children.

## InfoBox

| Federica Fontana | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Federica Fontana
(1977-04-30) April 30, 1977
Monza, Italy |
| Height | 1.74 m (5 ft 9 in) |
| Spouse | Jorge Jimenez Torres |


title: The Prince in His Dark Days

abstract: The Prince in His Dark Days The Prince in His Dark Days is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Hico Yamanaka. It was serialized in Kodansha's shōjo manga magazine Aria from April 2011 to May 2013, with its chapters collected in four tankōbon volumes.

text:
# The Prince in His Dark Days

***The Prince in His Dark Days*** (Japanese: 王子様と灰色の日々, Hepburn: *Ōjisama to Haiiro no Hibi*) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Hico Yamanaka. It was serialized in Kodansha's *shōjo* manga magazine *Aria* from April 2011 to May 2013, with its chapters collected in four *tankōbon* volumes.

## Publication

Written and illustrated by Hico Yamanaka, *The Prince in His Dark Days* was serialized in Kodansha's *shōjo* manga magazine *Aria* from April 28, 2011, to May 28, 2013. Kodansha collected its chapters in four *tankōbon* volumes, released from October 7, 2011, to August 7, 2013.

In North America, the manga was licensed for English release by Kodansha USA. The four volumes were released from September 27, 2016, to April 11, 2017.

### Volumes

| No. | Original release date | Original ISBN | English release date | English ISBN |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | October 7, 2011 | 978-4-06-380540-6 | September 27, 2016 | 978-1-63236-367-1 |
| 2 | May 7, 2012 | 978-4-06-380573-4 | November 22, 2016 | 978-1-63236-368-8 |
| 3 | November 7, 2012 | 978-4-06-380599-4 | February 28, 2017 | 978-1-63236-398-5 |
| 4 | August 7, 2013 | 978-4-06-380643-4 | April 11, 2017 | 978-1-63236-399-2 |

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| The Prince in His Dark Days | |
| --- | --- |
| First *tankōbon* volume cover | |
| 王子様と灰色の日々<br>(*Ōjisama to Haiiro no Hibi*) | |
| Genre | Drama, romance |
| Manga | |
| Written by | Hico Yamanaka |
| Published by | Kodansha |
| English publisher |  |
| Magazine | *Aria* |
| Demographic | *Shōjo* |
| Original run | April 28, 2011May 28, 2013 |
| Volumes | 4 |


title: 1960 SFR Yugoslavia Chess Championship

abstract: The 1960 SFR Yugoslavia Chess Championship was the 15th edition of SFR Yugoslav Chess Championship. Held in Ljubljana, SFR Yugoslavia, SR Slovenia. The tournament was won by Svetozar Gligorić.

text:
# 1960 SFR Yugoslavia Chess Championship

The **1960 SFR Yugoslavia Chess Championship** was the 15th edition of SFR Yugoslav Chess Championship. Held in Ljubljana, SFR Yugoslavia, SR Slovenia. The tournament was won by Svetozar Gligorić.

14th SFR Yugoslavia Chess Championship
|  | Player (age) | Wins | Draws | Losses | Total Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **Svetozar Gligorić (37)** | 9 | 8 | 0 | **13** |  |
| 2 | Mario Bertok (31) | 7 | 10 | 0 | **12** |  |
| 3 | Petar Trifunović (50) | 4 | 13 | 0 | **10.5** |  |
| 4 | Milan Matulović (25) | 9 | 3 | 5 | **10.5** |  |
| 5 | Mijo Udovčić (40) | 5 | 9 | 3 | **9.5** |  |
| 6 | Ante Bulat (28) | 4 | 11 | 2 | **9.5** |  |
| 7 | Mato Damjanović (33) | 7 | 5 | 5 | **9.5** |  |
| 8 | Stojan Puc (39) | 4 | 11 | 2 | **9.5** |  |
| 9 | Jovan Sofrevski (25) | 5 | 9 | 3 | **9.5** |  |
| 10 | Dragoljub Janošević (37) | 7 | 4 | 6 | **9** |  |
| 11 | Bruno Parma (19) | 4 | 10 | 3 | **9** |  |
| 12 | Petar Smederevac (38) | 2 | 13 | 2 | **8.5** |  |
| 13 | Dragoljub Ćirić (25) | 1 | 12 | 4 | **7** |  |
| 14 | Dragoljub Minić (23) | 3 | 7 | 7 | **6.5** |  |
| 15 | Vladimir Kozomara (38) | 1 | 10 | 6 | **6** |  |
| 16 | Milorad Knežević (24) | 1 | 8 | 8 | **5** |  |
| 17 | Bora Tot (53) | 3 | 4 | 10 | **5** |  |
| 18 | Milosav Vuković (?) | 1 | 5 | 11 | **3.5** |  |
|

## InfoBox

| 15th SFR Yugoslavia Chess Championship | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Ljubljana |
| Champion | |
| Svetozar Gligorić | |
|


title: Live and Loud!!

abstract: Live and Loud!! and Live and Rockin' are series of live albums released by the British label Link Records. The label started releasing live albums by punk bands under the name Live and Loud!! in 1987 and released them through 1992. In 1989, the label started releasing live albums by rockabilly/psychobilly bands under the name Live and Rockin', and released them through 1990. Prior to 1989, the albums were exclusively released on vinyl. Many were released on CD later on, with some being released on vinyl and CD simultaneously.

text:
# Live and Loud!!

***Live and Loud!!*** and ***Live and Rockin'*** are series of live albums released by the British label Link Records. The label started releasing live albums by punk bands under the name *Live and Loud!!* in 1987 and released them through 1992. In 1989, the label started releasing live albums by rockabilly/psychobilly bands under the name *Live and Rockin'*, and released them through 1990. Prior to 1989, the albums were exclusively released on vinyl. Many were released on CD later on, with some being released on vinyl and CD simultaneously.

## Releases

| Band | Title | Catalog number | Release date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Sham 69 | *Live and Loud!!* | LINK LP 04 | 1987 |
| Cock Sparrer | *Live and Loud!!* | LINK LP 05 | |
| The Meteors | *Live and Loud!!* | LINK LP 06 | |
| Bad Manners | *Live and Loud!!* | LINK LP 07 | |
| Cockney Rejects | *Live and Loud!!* | LINK LP 09 | |
| The Adicts | *Live and Loud!!* | LINK LP 010 | |
| The Ruts | *Live and Loud!!* | LINK LP 013 | |
| The Exploited | *Live and Loud!!* | LINK LP 018 | |
| Sham 69 | *Live and Loud!! Volume 2* | LINK LP 025 | 1988 |
| Stiff Little Fingers | *Live and Loud!!* | LINK LP 026 | |
| Angelic Upstarts | *Live and Loud!!* | LINK LP 040 | |
| Splodgenessabounds | *Live and Loud!!* | LINK LP 042 | |
| Heavy Metal Kids | *Live and Loud!!* | LINK LP 047 | |
| The Gonads | *Live and Loud!!* | LINK LP 049 | |
| Vice Squad | *Live and Loud!!* | LINK LP 050 | |
| Infa Riot | *Live and Loud!!* | LINK LP 052 | |
| Sex Pistols | *Live and Loud!!* | LINK LP 063 | 1989 |
| The Polecats | *Live and Rockin'* | LINK MLP 069 | |
| Condemned 84 | *Live and Loud!! (The Bridgehouse Tapes)* | LINK LP 070 | |
| 4 Skins | *Live and Loud!!* | LINK LP 090 | |
| The Deltas | *Link and Rockin'* | LINK LP 096 | |
| The Business | *Live and Loud!!* | LINK LP 097 | |
| Frantic Flintstones | *Live and Rockin'* | LINK LP 098 | |
| The Tailgators | *Live and Rockin'* | LINK MLP 101 | |
| The Lurkers | *Live and Loud!!* | LINK LP 103 | |
| King Kurt | *Live and Rockin'* | LINK LP 106 | |
| 999 | *Live and Loud!!* | LINK LP 107 | |
| Peter and the Test Tube Babies | *Live and Loud!!* | LINK LP 108 | |
| Demented Are Go | *Live and Rockin'* | LINK LP 116 | 1990 |
| The Coffin Nails | *Live and Rockin'* | LINK LP 118 | |
| Anti-Nowhere League | *Live and Loud!!* | LINK LP 120 | |
| The Batfinks | *Live and Rockin'* | LINK LP 122 | |
| The Radiacs | *Live and Rockin'* | LINK LP 128 | |
| The Adverts | *Live and Loud!!* | LINK LP 159 | 1992 |