title: Theatre of Eternal Music

abstract: The Theatre of Eternal Music was an avant-garde musical group formed by La Monte Young in New York City in 1962. The first group (1962–1964) of performers consisted of La Monte Young, Marian Zazeela, Angus MacLise, and Billy Name. From 1964 to 1966, Theatre of Eternal Music consisted of La Monte Young, Marian Zazeela, John Cale (viola), and Tony Conrad (violin), with sometimes also Terry Riley (voice). Since 1966, Theatre of Eternal Music has seen many permutations and has included Garrett List, Jon Gibson, Jon Hassell, Rhys Chatham, Alex Dea, Terry Jennings, and many others, including some members of the various 1960s groups. The group's self-described "dream music" explored drones and pure harmonic intervals, employing sustained tones and electric amplification in lengthy, all-night performances. Archival recordings of the group's influential mid-1960s performances remain in La Monte Young's archive. None have ever seen official release following a dispute over compositional credit between Young and Conrad and Cale. This dispute resulted in Young's refusal to release any of the archival material. Nonetheless, a bootleg recording removed from the archive by Young's first archivist, Arnold Dreyblatt, of a 1965 performance was controversially released in 2000 by Table of the Elements in CD as Day of Niagara. Other bootlegs of Theatre of Eternal Music have appeared online via file-sharing sites.

text:
# Theatre of Eternal Music

The **Theatre of Eternal Music** (later sometimes called **The Dream Syndicate**) was an avant-garde musical group formed by La Monte Young in New York City in 1962. The first group (1962–1964) of performers consisted of La Monte Young, Marian Zazeela, Angus MacLise, and Billy Name. From 1964 to 1966, Theatre of Eternal Music consisted of La Monte Young (voice, saxophone), Marian Zazeela (voice, lighting), John Cale (viola), and Tony Conrad (violin), with sometimes also Terry Riley (voice). Since 1966, Theatre of Eternal Music has seen many permutations and has included Garrett List, Jon Gibson, Jon Hassell, Rhys Chatham, Alex Dea, Terry Jennings, and many others, including some members of the various 1960s groups. The group's self-described "dream music" explored drones and pure harmonic intervals, employing sustained tones and electric amplification in lengthy, all-night performances.

Archival recordings of the group's influential mid-1960s performances remain in La Monte Young's archive. None have ever seen official release following a dispute over compositional credit between Young and Conrad and Cale. This dispute resulted in Young's refusal to release any of the archival material. Nonetheless, a bootleg recording removed from the archive by Young's first archivist, Arnold Dreyblatt, of a 1965 performance was controversially released in 2000 by Table of the Elements in CD as *Day of Niagara*. Other bootlegs of Theatre of Eternal Music have appeared online via file-sharing sites.

## Musical approach

The Theatre of Eternal Music performed music consisting of long sustained tones and unconventional harmonic combinations, which were explored via improvisation restricted by "laws" laid out by La Monte Young regarding allowable sequences and simultaneities. Combined with Young's interest in sustained tones and Hindustani classical music was Tony Conrad's knowledge of just intonation and the mathematics of non-Western tuning, along with his introduction of electronic amplification. Occasionally, Young also made use of sine wave generators and other electronic sound sources, such as the utility frequency of 60 Hz motor of his turtle's aquarium tank. Most of the pieces performed by the Theatre of Eternal Music have no beginning and no end, existing before and after a particular performance.

## History

By February 1965, the group had begun referring to itself as the Theatre of Eternal Music. Many of the group's performances and practice sessions took place in Young and Zazeela's New York loft at 275 Church Street in TriBeCa. In 1964, the group began performing sections of Young's drone-based improvisational work *The Tortoise, His Dreams and Journeys*, which features a raga-like scale made up of the harmonic numbers 21, 189, 3, 49, 7, and 63 over the fundamental frequency. The Theater of Eternal Music's sustained notes and loud amplification influenced John Cale's subsequent contribution to The Velvet Underground in his use of both discordance and feedback. Zazeela produced early op art light shows to accompany their performances.

Young revived the group in the late 1960s, although original member Tony Conrad found these performances less collaborative than the first incarnation and eventually parted ways with the project. A section of *The Tortoise, His Dreams and Journeys* entitled "Map of 49’s Dream: The Two Systems of Eleven Sets of Galactic Intervals Ornamental Light-Years Tracery," is the only one of which a fragment can be found on the 1974 LP *Dream House 78' 17"* (with Jon Hassell on trumpet, Garrett List on trombone, Zazeela on voice and Young on electronics).

### Dispute over credits

Few of the group's recorded performances from the 1960s have ever seen public release, and remain in the possession of Young despite protest from other group members. A dispute based on a misunderstanding of compositional credit developed between Young and members Conrad and Cale. Requests for copies of these recordings were met with Young's insistence that they sign an agreement acknowledging Young as the sole composer of the music, which they refused to do; Conrad maintained that the group was a collaborative enterprise which dissolved the concept of the composer. In 1990, Conrad picketed outside a Young performance with a sign that read "Composer La Monte Young does not understand ‘his’ work.”

In 2000, the record label Table of the Elements released a bootleg recording of a 1965 performance as *Day of Niagara*; the recording was not authorized by Young. Young responded to the complaints of Conrad and Cale in an essay which reaffirmed his status as sole composer. He also published a press release describing extensive problems with the release, including errors in the audio quality of the copied source tape, an unbalanced mix, and uninspired artwork made without Zazeela's input.

Cale and Conrad later released recordings they made during the mid-sixties, such as Cale's *Inside the Dream Syndicate* series (The Dream Syndicate being the alternative name given by Cale and Conrad to their collective work with Young).

## Discography

## Further reading

* Paul Hegarty, *Noise/Music: A History* (2007) Continuum International Publishing Group
* Hermann von Helmholtz, *On the Sensations of Tone as a Physiological Basis for the Theory of Music* (1885) 2nd English edition. New York: Dover Publications
* Branden W. Joseph, *Beyond the Dream Syndicate – Tony Conrad and the arts after Cage – a 'minor' history*. New York: Zone Books, 2008
* Jim Samson, *Music in Transition: A Study of Tonal Expansion and Atonality, 1900–1920* (1977) New York: W. W. Norton & Company
* James Tenney, *A History of "Consonance" and "Dissonance"* (1988) White Plains, New York: Excelsior; New York: Gordon and Breach

## InfoBox

| Theatre of Eternal Music | |
| --- | --- |
| Origin | New York City |
| Genres | Drone, avant-garde, minimalism |
| Years active | 1962–1966, 1969–1974 |
| Labels | Shandar, Table of the Elements |
|  | |
| Past members | La Monte Young
John Cale
Angus MacLise
Terry Jennings
Marian Zazeela
Tony Conrad
Billy Name
Jon Hassell
Alex Dea
Terry Riley
Jon Gibson |


title: One True Love (2008 film)

abstract: One True Love is a 2008 Filipino romantic film directed by Mac Alejandre. The film stars Dingdong Dantes and Marian Rivera, with Iza Calzado. The film was released in the Philippines on November 19, 2008.

text:
# One True Love (2008 film)

***One True Love*** is a 2008 Filipino romantic film directed by Mac Alejandre. The film stars Dingdong Dantes and Marian Rivera, with Iza Calzado. The film was released in the Philippines on November 19, 2008.

## Plot

Migs Mijares (Dingdong Dantes) was so in love with Joy (Marian Rivera) that in less than a year of relationship, he asked for her hand in marriage. Even when Bela (Iza Calzado), the childhood sweetheart of Migs, returned from Canada and made an attempt to win him back, Migs's decision to marry his present girlfriend was resolute.

But early on, a tragedy struck the blissful marriage of Migs and Joy. Migs had an accident, which caused his isolated retrograde amnesia. His last memory was that of his first and ex-girlfriend, and he forgot everything about his wife. Joy did her best to bring her marriage back to normal, but Migs could not feel any emotional connection with her. Meanwhile, Bela tried her best to distance herself from her Migs, but the latter was persistent.

In an effort to continue to save her marriage, Joy became interfering. She always checked the whereabouts of Migs and monitored his calls. This provoked Migs to make a choice: to be with his first love. Joy made the last effort by talking to Bela but the meeting was futile. At first, Migs and Bela were happy. However, after a while, Migs started missing his wife. He became confused again, and slowly, he began to realize which girl was really his one true love.

## Cast and characters

### Main cast

### Supporting cast

### Cameo role

## Reception

The Cinema Evaluation Board of the Philippines rated the film a "B"

Performances by Dantes and Rivera was raved, but it was Calzado who received the most praise as Manila Bulletin dubs her as "pure crocodile tears". Film critic Karen A. Pagsolingan pointed out that Calzado's "eyes were expressive, and her delivery of lines impressive. There were several scenes where she rendered me speechless". The final gross of the movie is ₱94,422,592.00 according to Box Office Mojo.

## InfoBox

| One True Love | |
| --- | --- |
| Promotional poster of *One True Love* | |
| Directed by | Mac C. Alejandre |
| Screenplay by | Irma Dimaranan |
| Story by |  |
| Produced by |  |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Mo Zee |
| Edited by | Sheryll Lopez |
| Music by | Von de Guzman |
| Production<br>companies |  |
| Distributed by | GMA Films |
| Release date | * November 19, 2008 (2008-11-19) |
| Running time | 118 minutes |
| Country | Philippines |
| Language | Filipino |
| Box office | ₱92 million |


title: New Eyes (Hacks)

abstract: "New Eyes" is the sixth episode of the first season of HBO Max comedy-drama series Hacks. It was directed by Lucia Aniello and co-written with Paul W. Downs and Jen Statsky. The story follows Ava and Deborah working on new stand-up material at the luxury spa where Deborah recuperates after an eye lift. The episode has an approximate running time of 32 minutes and was released on May 27, 2021. For the episode, Carl Clemons-Hopkins was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series.

text:
# New Eyes (Hacks)

"**New Eyes**" is the sixth episode of the first season of HBO Max comedy-drama series *Hacks*. It was directed by Lucia Aniello and co-written with Paul W. Downs and Jen Statsky. The story follows Ava (Hannah Einbinder) and Deborah (Jean Smart) working on new stand-up material at the luxury spa where Deborah recuperates after an eye lift. The episode has an approximate running time of 32 minutes and was released on May 27, 2021.

For the episode, Carl Clemons-Hopkins was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series.

## Plot

Deborah brings Ava with her to Seven Graces Surgical Center and Luxury Aftercare for her semi-regular eye lift so they can prepare material for her new stand-up show. While Deborah sleeps after the procedure, Ava anxiously tries to break into Deborah's phone to delete the voicemail she left last night while high on cocaine, in which she cursed Deborah out and quit her job. However, the phone requires Face ID to unlock, and Deborah's puffy, bandaged face isn't recognized by the iPhone. Taking Kiki's advice, Ava drives to the Vegas Madame Tussauds and finds Deborah's wax figure there. She uses it to unlock the phone and delete the voicemail.

While Marcus's mother and her friend throw a party at his house, he stays by himself at Deborah's home. He turns on the sprinklers and makes an anonymous tip about the usage to the city, prompting a visit by the usual water inspector, Wilson. The two have a sexual encounter.

Later, Deborah and Ava spend time together in Deborah's suite working on the new show, and take edibles together. They are enjoying each other's company and play a prank on the overly-chipper nurse, Perla, that ends badly. Ava confesses she's upset by the suicide of George, her recent one night-stand (from episode 5, "Falling"). Deborah comforts Ava and confesses that she never burned her husband's house down. She says that her husband made it up to hurt her reputation due to professional jealousy. Deborah goes on to share several outlandish events that took place after her show was cancelled. Ava insists she include these stories in her new show.

Ava suddenly experiences intense pelvic pain and is rushed to the hospital. After initially being invalidated by a male ER doctor, Deborah demands he take Ava's pain seriously. Ava has emergency surgery to address a ruptured ovarian cyst. Afterward, Deborah visits her in the hospital and agrees to put more honest material in her new show.

## Cast

### Starring

### Guest stars

* Poppy Liu as Kiki, Deborah's personal blackjack dealer
* Johnny Sibilly as Wilson, a city inspector frequently called to Deborah's mansion due to her water overuse
* Angela Elayne Gibbs as Robin, Marcus' mother
* Luenell as Miss Loretta, Marcus's mother's friend
* Iris Bahr as Perla, Deborah's nurse at Seven Graces Surgical Center
* Brandon Keener as ER Doctor
* Duncan Bravo as Dr. Swartin

## Production

In the episode, Ava visits a wax museum to find a figure of Deborah; Jean Smart posed as the wax figurine and had to stand perfectly still in the scene. The production team used visual effects and makeup to give her face a waxy appearance.

The episode was written by series creators, Lucia Aniello, Paul W. Downs, and Jen Statsky, the second of two episodes they co-wrote in *Hacks*' first season.

"New Eyes" was released on HBO Max on May 27, 2021.

## Reception

### Critical reception

The episode received critical acclaim. Marcus Jones described "New Eyes" in *EW* as "both brilliantly madcap and surprisingly emotional in how it brings the two stars closer together." The writer also attributed Jean Smart's Emmy win in part to her performance as a wax figurine in one of the episode's key scenes. Joshua Rivera of Polygon praised the depiction of sexism in healthcare settings: "But shows like *Hacks* can, with a single scene, let its writers push back without making it the central focus of the episode. A scene highlighting and resisting doctors’ longstanding dismissal of women is just there, part of the texture of the story." Kristin Reid noted the importance of the plot in *Paste*: "This episode is a defining moment in the season, allowing the two to finally find common ground and set the tone for the final four episodes where their bond is developed even further." Libby Hill of IndieWire referred to the emotional disclosure shared between the lead characters as "a deeply humane moment in a series that could have made every moment a punchline — a testament to the care and craft dedicated to building a connection audiences could relate to."

### Awards

Carl Clemons-Hopkins was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series.

### Accolades

* *Paste*, The 25 Best TV Episodes of 2021
* *Entertainment Weekly*, The 30 best TV episodes of 2021
* IndieWire, The Best Episodes of Television in 2021

## InfoBox

| "**New Eyes**" | |
| --- | --- |
| *Hacks* episode | |
| Episode no. | Season 1
Episode 6 |
| Directed by | Lucia Aniello |
| Written by | Lucia Aniello
Paul W. Downs
Jen Statsky |
| Featured music | Carlos Rafael Rivera |
| Cinematography by | Adam Bricker |
| Editing by | Jessica Brunetto |
| Original release date | May 27, 2021 (2021-05-27) |
| Running time | 32 minutes |
|


abstract: This is a list of FM radio stations in the United States having call signs beginning with the letters KQ through KS. Low-power FM radio stations, those with designations such as KQAT-LP, have not been included in this list.

text:
# List of FM radio stations in the United States by call sign (initial letters KQ–KS)

This is a list of FM radio stations in the United States having call signs beginning with the letters *KQ* through *KS*. Low-power FM radio stations, those with designations such as KQAT-LP, have not been included in this list.

## KQ--

| Callsign | Frequency | City of license |
| --- | --- | --- |
| KQAC | 89.9 FM | Portland, Oregon |
| KQAI | 89.1 FM | Roswell, New Mexico |
| KQAK | 105.7 FM | Bend, Oregon |
| KQAL | 89.5 FM | Winona, Minnesota |
| KQAV | 93.5 FM | Rosamond, California |
| KQAY-FM | 92.7 FM | Tucumcari, New Mexico |
| KQAZ | 101.7 FM | Springerville, Arizona |
| KQBA | 107.5 FM | Los Alamos, New Mexico |
| KQBB | 100.5 FM | Center, Texas |
| KQBC | 90.5 FM | Benton City, Washington |
| KQBI | 91.7 FM | Encinal, Texas |
| KQBK | 104.7 FM | Waldron, Arkansas |
| KQBL | 100.7 FM | Mountain Home, Idaho |
| KQBM | 90.7 FM | San Andreas, California |
| KQBO | 107.5 FM | Rio Grande City, Texas |
| KQBQ | 100.1 FM | Meyersville, Texas |
| KQBR | 99.5 FM | Lubbock, Texas |
| KQBS | 97.7 FM | Potosi, Missouri |
| KQBT | 93.7 FM | Houston, Texas |
| KQBU-FM | 93.3 FM | Port Arthur, Texas |
| KQBZ | 96.9 FM | Brownwood, Texas |
| KQCH | 94.1 FM | Omaha, Nebraska |
| KQCI | 91.5 FM | Freer, Texas |
| KQCJ | 93.9 FM | Cambridge, Illinois |
| KQCL | 95.9 FM | Faribault, Minnesota |
| KQCR-FM | 98.9 FM | Parkersburg, Iowa |
| KQCV-FM | 95.1 FM | Shawnee, Oklahoma |
| KQDI-FM | 106.1 FM | Great Falls, Montana |
| KQDJ-FM | 101.1 FM | Valley City, North Dakota |
| KQDL | 89.1 FM | Hines, Oregon |
| KQDR | 107.3 FM | Savoy, Texas |
| KQDS-FM | 94.9 FM | Duluth, Minnesota |
| KQDY | 94.5 FM | Bismarck, North Dakota |
| KQED-FM | 88.5 FM | San Francisco, California |
| KQEI-FM | 89.3 FM | North Highlands, California |
| KQEL | 107.9 FM | Alamogordo, New Mexico |
| KQEO | 107.1 FM | Idaho Falls, Idaho |
| KQEW | 102.3 FM | Fordyce, Arkansas |
| KQEZ | 99.3 FM | St. Regis, Montana |
| KQFC | 97.9 FM | Boise, Idaho |
| KQFE | 88.9 FM | Springfield, Oregon |
| KQFM | 93.7 FM | Hermiston, Oregon |
| KQFO | 100.1 FM | Pasco, Washington |
| KQFR | 90.7 FM | Moyle Springs, Idaho |
| KQFX | 104.3 FM | Borger, Texas |
| KQFZ-FM | 89.1 FM | Valley View, Texas |
| KQHE | 92.7 FM | Fairbanks, Alaska |
| KQHK | 103.9 FM | McCook, Nebraska |
| KQHM | 102.7 FM | Zapata, Texas |
| KQHN | 97.3 FM | Waskom, Texas |
| KQHR | 88.1 FM | The Dalles, Oregon |
| KQHT | 96.1 FM | Crookston, Minnesota |
| KQIB | 102.9 FM | Idabel, Oklahoma |
| KQIC | 102.5 FM | Willmar, Minnesota |
| KQID-FM | 93.1 FM | Alexandria, Louisiana |
| KQIE | 104.7 FM | Redlands, California |
| KQIK-FM | 105.9 FM | Haileyville, Oklahoma |
| KQIQ | 88.3 FM | Beatrice, Nebraska |
| KQIZ-FM | 93.1 FM | Amarillo, Texas |
| KQJO | 99.3 FM | St. Joseph, Louisiana |
| KQKI-FM | 95.3 FM | Bayou Vista, Louisiana |
| KQKK | 101.9 FM | Walker, Minnesota |
| KQKL | 95.3 FM | Keokuk, Iowa |
| KQKQ-FM | 98.5 FM | Council Bluffs, Iowa |
| KQKS | 107.5 FM | Lakewood, Colorado |
| KQKX | 106.7 FM | Norfolk, Nebraska |
| KQKY | 105.9 FM | Kearney, Nebraska |
| KQKZ | 92.1 FM | Bakersfield, California |
| KQLA | 103.5 FM | Ogden, Kansas |
| KQLB | 106.9 FM | Los Banos, California |
| KQLC | 90.7 FM | Sealy, Texas |
| KQLF | 88.3 FM | Ottumwa, Iowa |
| KQLK | 97.9 FM | De Ridder, Louisiana |
| KQLM | 107.9 FM | Odessa, Texas |
| KQLR | 89.7 FM | Whitehall, Montana |
| KQLT | 103.7 FM | Casper, Wyoming |
| KQLV | 90.7 FM | Santa Fe, New Mexico |
| KQLX-FM | 106.1 FM | Lisbon, North Dakota |
| KQLZ | 95.7 FM | New England, North Dakota |
| KQMA | 92.5 FM | Phillipsburg, Kansas |
| KQMC | 90.1 FM | Hawthorne, Nevada |
| KQMD | 88.1 FM | Quemado, Texas |
| KQMG-FM | 95.3 FM | Independence, Iowa |
| KQMI | 88.9 FM | Manzanita, Oregon |
| KQMJ | 104.7 FM | Blanket, Texas |
| KQMN | 91.5 FM | Thief River Falls, Minnesota |
| KQMO | 97.7 FM | Shell Knob, Missouri |
| KQMQ-FM | 93.1 FM | Honolulu, Hawaii |
| KQMR | 100.3 FM | Globe, Arizona |
| KQMT | 99.5 FM | Denver, Colorado |
| KQMV | 92.5 FM | Bellevue, Washington |
| KQMX | 105.7 FM | Lost Hills, California |
| KQMY | 102.1 FM | Paia, Hawaii |
| KQNC | 88.1 FM | Quincy, California |
| KQNG-FM | 93.5 FM | Lihue, Hawaii |
| KQNK-FM | 106.7 FM | Norton, Kansas |
| KQNU | 102.3 FM | Onawa, Iowa |
| KQNV | 89.9 FM | Fallon, Nevada |
| KQNY | 91.9 FM | Quincy, California |
| KQOA | 91.1 FM | Morton, Texas |
| KQOB | 96.9 FM | Enid, Oklahoma |
| KQOC | 88.1 FM | Gleneden Beach, Oregon |
| KQOD | 100.1 FM | Stockton, California |
| KQOH | 91.9 FM | Marshfield, Missouri |
| KQOL | 105.3 FM | Sleepy Hollow, Wyoming |
| KQOR | 105.3 FM | Mena, Arkansas |
| KQOS | 91.7 FM | Albany, Texas |
| KQOU | 89.1 FM | Clinton, Oklahoma |
| KQOW | 90.3 FM | Bellingham, Washington |
| KQPA-FM | 91.9 FM | Paris, Texas |
| KQPD | 91.1 FM | Ardmore, Oklahoma |
| KQPI | 99.5 FM | Aberdeen, Idaho |
| KQPM | 105.9 FM | Ukiah, California |
| KQPR | 96.1 FM | Albert Lea, Minnesota |
| KQPZ | 95.9 FM | Lewistown, Montana |
| KQQA | 90.5 FM | Shelton, Nebraska |
| KQQF | 98.9 FM | Coffeyville, Kansas |
| KQQJ | 90.7 FM | Juneau, Alaska |
| KQQK | 107.9 FM | Beaumont, Texas |
| KQQL | 107.9 FM | Anoka, Minnesota |
| KQQM | 88.3 FM | Miles City, Montana |
| KQQN | 89.3 FM | Nome, Alaska |
| KQQS | 89.3 FM | Sitka, Alaska |
| KQRA | 102.1 FM | Brookline, Missouri |
| KQRC-FM | 98.9 FM | Leavenworth, Kansas |
| KQRI | 105.5 FM | Bosque Farms, New Mexico |
| KQRK | 99.7 FM | Pablo, Montana |
| KQRN | 107.3 FM | Mitchell, South Dakota |
| KQRQ | 92.3 FM | Rapid City, South Dakota |
| KQRS-FM | 92.5 FM | Golden Valley, Minnesota |
| KQRT | 105.1 FM | Las Vegas, Nevada |
| KQRV | 96.9 FM | Deer Lodge, Montana |
| KQRX | 95.1 FM | Midland, Texas |
| KQSA | 97.9 FM | Batesville, Texas |
| KQSD-FM | 91.9 FM | Lowry, South Dakota |
| KQSE | 102.5 FM | Craig, Colorado |
| KQSF | 95.7 FM | Dell Rapids, South Dakota |
| KQSH | 90.7 FM | Dodge City, Kansas |
| KQSK | 97.5 FM | Chadron, Nebraska |
| KQSM-FM | 92.1 FM | Fayetteville, Arkansas |
| KQSN | 104.7 FM | Ponca City, Oklahoma |
| KQSR | 100.9 FM | Yuma, Arizona |
| KQSS | 101.9 FM | Miami, Arizona |
| KQST | 102.9 FM | Sedona, Arizona |
| KQSW | 96.5 FM | Rock Springs, Wyoming |
| KQTC | 99.5 FM | Christoval, Texas |
| KQTM | 101.7 FM | Rio Rancho, New Mexico |
| KQTO | 88.1 FM | Hurley, New Mexico |
| KQTX | 98.1 FM | Quanah, Texas |
| KQTY-FM | 106.7 FM | Borger, Texas |
| KQTZ | 105.9 FM | Hobart, Oklahoma |
| KQUE-FM | 88.1 FM | Bay City, Texas |
| KQUL | 102.7 FM | Lake Ozark, Missouri |
| KQUR | 94.9 FM | Laredo, Texas |
| KQUS-FM | 97.5 FM | Hot Springs, Arkansas |
| KQVI-FM | 89.9 FM | Cedar Lake, Texas |
| KQVK | 91.9 FM | Kivalina, Alaska |
| KQVO | 97.7 FM | Calexico, California |
| KQVT | 92.3 FM | Victoria, Texas |
| KQWB-FM | 105.1 FM | Breckenridge, Minnesota |
| KQWC-FM | 95.7 FM | Webster City, Iowa |
| KQWS | 90.1 FM | Omak, Washington |
| KQXB | 89.9 FM | Breckenridge, Texas |
| KQXC-FM | 103.9 FM | Wichita Falls, Texas |
| KQXE | 91.1 FM | Eastland, Texas |
| KQXI | 91.5 FM | Granite Falls, Washington |
| KQXL-FM | 106.5 FM | New Roads, Louisiana |
| KQXR | 100.3 FM | Payette, Idaho |
| KQXS | 89.1 FM | Stephenville, Texas |
| KQXT-FM | 101.9 FM | San Antonio, Texas |
| KQXX-FM | 105.5 FM | Mission, Texas |
| KQXY-FM | 94.1 FM | Beaumont, Texas |
| KQXZ | 104.9 FM | Richland Springs, Texas |
| KQYB | 98.3 FM | Spring Grove, Minnesota |
| KQYZ | 99.1 FM | Emerado, North Dakota |
| KQZB | 100.5 FM | Troy, Idaho |
| KQZQ | 98.3 FM | Kiowa, Kansas |
| KQZR | 107.3 FM | Hayden, Colorado |
| KQZZ | 96.7 FM | Crary, North Dakota |

## KR--

| Callsign | Frequency | City of license |
| --- | --- | --- |
| KRAB | 106.1 FM | Greenacres, California |
| KRAF | 88.3 FM | Fort Stockton, Texas |
| KRAI-FM | 93.7 FM | Craig, Colorado |
| KRAJ | 100.9 FM | Johannesburg, California |
| KRAN | 103.3 FM | Warren AFB, Wyoming |
| KRAO-FM | 102.5 FM | Colfax, Washington |
| KRAR | 91.9 FM | Espanola, New Mexico |
| KRAT | 92.1 FM | Sparks, Nevada |
| KRAV-FM | 96.5 FM | Tulsa, Oklahoma |
| KRAY-FM | 103.5 FM | Salinas, California |
| KRAZ | 105.9 FM | Santa Ynez, California |
| KRBB | 97.9 FM | Wichita, Kansas |
| KRBD | 105.3 FM | Ketchikan, Alaska |
| KRBE | 104.1 FM | Houston, Texas |
| KRBG | 88.7 FM | Umbarger, Texas |
| KRBI-FM | 105.5 FM | Saint Peter, Minnesota |
| KRBL | 105.7 FM | Idalou, Texas |
| KRBM | 90.9 FM | Pendleton, Oregon |
| KRBN | 94.3 FM | Manton, California |
| KRBP | 88.1 FM | Presidio, Texas |
| KRBQ | 102.1 FM | San Francisco, California |
| KRBW | 90.5 FM | Ottawa, Kansas |
| KRBX | 89.9 FM | Caldwell, Idaho |
| KRBY | 98.1 FM | Ruby, Alaska |
| KRCB-FM | 104.9 FM | Rohnert Park, California |
| KRCC | 91.5 FM | Colorado Springs, Colorado |
| KRCD | 103.9 FM | Inglewood, California |
| KRCG-FM | 91.1 FM | Santa Rosa, California |
| KRCH | 101.7 FM | Rochester, Minnesota |
| KRCI | 89.5 FM | Pinetop-Lakeside, Arizona |
| KRCL | 90.9 FM | Salt Lake City, Utah |
| KRCO-FM | 95.7 FM | Prineville, Oregon |
| KRCQ | 102.3 FM | Detroit Lakes, Minnesota |
| KRCS | 93.1 FM | Sturgis, South Dakota |
| KRCU | 90.9 FM | Cap Girardeau, Missouri |
| KRCV | 98.3 FM | West Covina, California |
| KRCW | 96.3 FM | Royal City, Washington |
| KRCX-FM | 99.9 FM | Marysville, California |
| KRCY-FM | 96.7 FM | Lake Havasu City, Arizona |
| KRDA | 92.1 FM | Clovis, California |
| KRDE | 94.1 FM | San Carlos, Arizona |
| KRDF | 88.7 FM | Red Feather Lakes, Colorado |
| KRDG | 105.3 FM | Shingletown, California |
| KRDO-FM | 105.5 FM | Security, Colorado |
| KRDP | 90.7 FM | Apache Junction, Arizona |
| KRDQ | 100.3 FM | Colby, Kansas |
| KRDR | 105.7 FM | Alva, Oklahoma |
| KRDS | 104.1 FM | Silverton, Colorado |
| KRDX | 103.7 FM | Corona de Tucson, Arizona |
| KREC | 98.1 FM | Brian Head, Utah |
| KRED | 92.3 FM | Eureka, California |
| KREE | 88.1 FM | Pirtleville, Arizona |
| KREJ | 101.7 FM | Medicine Lodge, Kansas |
| KREK | 104.9 FM | Bristow, Oklahoma |
| KREO | 93.5 FM | James Town, Wyoming |
| KREP | 92.1 FM | Belleville, Kansas |
| KRES | 104.7 FM | Moberly, Missouri |
| KREU | 92.3 FM | Roland, Oklahoma |
| KREZ | 104.7 FM | Chaffee, Missouri |
| KRFA-FM | 91.7 FM | Moscow, Idaho |
| KRFC | 88.9 FM | Fort Collins, Colorado |
| KRFD | 100.1 FM | Fleming, Colorado |
| KRFF | 89.1 FM | Fairbanks, Alaska |
| KRFG | 102.9 FM | Nashwauk, Minnesota |
| KRFH | 88.7 FM | Marshalltown, Iowa |
| KRFI | 88.1 FM | Redwood Falls, Minnesota |
| KRFM | 98.5 FM | Show Low, Arizona |
| KRFN | 100.9 FM | Sparks, Nevada |
| KRFO-FM | 104.9 FM | Owatonna, Minnesota |
| KRFP | 90.3 FM | Moscow, Idaho |
| KRFS-FM | 103.9 FM | Superior, Nebraska |
| KRFX | 103.5 FM | Denver, Colorado |
| KRFY | 88.5 FM | Ponderay, Idaho |
| KRGH | 90.9 FM | Holliday, Texas |
| KRGI-FM | 96.5 FM | Grand Island, Nebraska |
| KRGL | 98.5 FM | Ringgold, Louisiana |
| KRGM | 89.9 FM | Marshall, Minnesota |
| KRGT | 99.3 FM | Indian Springs, Nevada |
| KRGW | 106.9 FM | Fairbanks, Alaska |
| KRGX | 95.1 FM | Rio Grande City, Texas |
| KRGY | 97.3 FM | Aurora, Nebraska |
| KRHJ | 88.3 FM | Lamar, Colorado |
| KRHQ | 102.3 FM | Indio, California |
| KRHR | 95.1 FM | Odell, Oregon |
| KRHS | 90.1 FM | Overland, Missouri |
| KRHV | 93.3 FM | Big Pine, California |
| KRIA | 103.9 FM | Plainview, Texas |
| KRIG-FM | 104.9 FM | Nowata, Oklahoma |
| KRIK | 100.5 FM | Refugio, Texas |
| KRIO-FM | 97.7 FM | Roma, Texas |
| KRIT | 93.9 FM | Parker, Arizona |
| KRIV-FM | 101.1 FM | Winona, Minnesota |
| KRIX | 105.5 FM | Port Isabel, Texas |
| KRJB | 106.5 FM | Ada, Minnesota |
| KRJC | 95.3 FM | Elko, Nevada |
| KRJE | 89.9 FM | Hawkeye, Iowa |
| KRJK | 97.3 FM | Lamont, California |
| KRJM | 101.5 FM | Mahnomen, Minnesota |
| KRJN | 93.1 FM | Log Lane Village, Colorado |
| KRJT | 105.9 FM | Elgin, Oregon |
| KRKA | 103.9 FM | Severance, Colorado |
| KRKC-FM | 102.1 FM | King City, California |
| KRKH | 97.3 FM | Wailea-Makena, Hawaii |
| KRKI | 99.5 FM | Keystone, South Dakota |
| KRKL | 93.3 FM | Walla Walla, Washington |
| KRKM | 91.7 FM | Fort Washakie, Wyoming |
| KRKN | 104.3 FM | Eldon, Iowa |
| KRKQ | 95.5 FM | Mountain Village, Colorado |
| KRKR | 95.1 FM | Waverly, Nebraska |
| KRKS-FM | 94.7 FM | Lafayette, Colorado |
| KRKT-FM | 99.9 FM | Albany, Oregon |
| KRKV | 107.3 FM | Las Animas, Colorado |
| KRKX | 94.1 FM | Billings, Montana |
| KRKY-FM | 88.1 FM | Douglas, Wyoming |
| KRKZ-FM | 94.3 FM | Chinook, Washington |
| KRLD-FM | 105.3 FM | Dallas, Texas |
| KRLE | 89.7 FM | Carbon Hill, Alabama |
| KRLF | 88.5 FM | Pullman, Washington |
| KRLH | 90.9 FM | Hereford, Texas |
| KRLI | 103.9 FM | Malta Bend, Missouri |
| KRLL-FM | 93.9 FM | Circle, Arkansas |
| KRLP | 88.1 FM | Windom, Minnesota |
| KRLQ | 94.1 FM | Hodge, Louisiana |
| KRLR | 89.1 FM | Sulphur, Louisiana |
| KRLS | 92.1 FM | Knoxville, Iowa |
| KRLT | 93.9 FM | South Lake Tahoe, California |
| KRLU | 90.1 FM | Roswell, New Mexico |
| KRLX | 88.1 FM | Northfield, Minnesota |
| KRLZ | 93.7 FM | Waldport, Oregon |
| KRMB | 90.1 FM | Bisbee, Arizona |
| KRMC | 91.7 FM | Douglas, Arizona |
| KRMD-FM | 101.1 FM | Oil City, Louisiana |
| KRMG-FM | 102.3 FM | Sand Springs, Oklahoma |
| KRMH | 89.7 FM | Red Mesa, Arizona |
| KRMK | 93.7 FM | Las Vegas, New Mexico |
| KRMQ-FM | 101.5 FM | Clovis, New Mexico |
| KRMR | 93.3 FM | Russian Mission, Alaska |
| KRMS-FM | 93.5 FM | Osage Beach, Missouri |
| KRMW | 94.9 FM | Cedarville, Arkansas |
| KRMX | 92.9 FM | Marlin, Texas |
| KRNA | 94.1 FM | Iowa City, Iowa |
| KRNB | 105.7 FM | Decatur, Texas |
| KRNC | 88.5 FM | Steamboat Springs, Colorado |
| KRNE-FM | 91.5 FM | Merriman, Nebraska |
| KRNG | 101.3 FM | Fallon, Nevada |
| KRNH | 92.3 FM | Kerrville, Texas |
| KRNK | 96.7 FM | Casper, Wyoming |
| KRNM | 88.1 FM | Chalan Kanoa, Northern Mariana Islands |
| KRNN | 102.7 FM | Juneau, Alaska |
| KRNO | 106.9 FM | Incline Village, Nevada |
| KRNP | 100.7 FM | Sutherland, Nebraska |
| KRNQ | 96.3 FM | Keokuk, Iowa |
| KRNR | 92.7 FM | Goldthwaite, Texas |
| KRNU | 90.3 FM | Lincoln, Nebraska |
| KRNV-FM | 102.1 FM | Reno, Nevada |
| KRNW | 88.9 FM | Chillicothe, Missouri |
| KRNY | 102.3 FM | Kearney, Nebraska |
| KROA | 95.7 FM | Grand Island, Nebraska |
| KROC-FM | 106.9 FM | Rochester, Minnesota |
| KROG | 96.9 FM | Grants Pass, Oregon |
| KROH | 91.1 FM | Port Townsend, Washington |
| KROI | 92.1 FM | Seabrook, Texas |
| KROK | 95.7 FM | South Fort Polk, Louisiana |
| KROM | 92.9 FM | San Antonio, Texas |
| KROQ-FM | 106.7 FM | Pasadena, California |
| KROR | 101.5 FM | Hastings, Nebraska |
| KROU | 105.7 FM | Spencer, Oklahoma |
| KROV | 91.1 FM | Oroville, California |
| KROW | 101.1 FM | Cody, Wyoming |
| KROX-FM | 101.5 FM | Buda, Texas |
| KRPH | 99.5 FM | Morristown, Arizona |
| KRPM | 107.5 FM | Billings, Montana |
| KRPR | 89.9 FM | Rochester, Minnesota |
| KRPS | 89.9 FM | Pittsburg, Kansas |
| KRPT | 92.5 FM | Devine, Texas |
| KRPX | 95.3 FM | Wellington, Utah |
| KRQA | 88.1 FM | Bentonville, Arkansas |
| KRQB | 96.1 FM | San Jacinto, California |
| KRQK | 100.3 FM | Lompoc, California |
| KRQN | 107.1 FM | Vinton, Iowa |
| KRQQ | 93.7 FM | Tucson, Arizona |
| KRQR | 106.7 FM | Orland, California |
| KRQT | 107.1 FM | Castle Rock, Washington |
| KRQU | 98.7 FM | Laramie, Wyoming |
| KRQV | 92.9 FM | Tulsa, Oklahoma |
| KRQX-FM | 98.9 FM | Hurricane, Utah |
| KRQZ | 91.5 FM | Lompoc, California |
| KRRB | 88.1 FM | Kuna, Idaho |
| KRRE | 91.9 FM | Las Vegas, New Mexico |
| KRRG | 98.1 FM | Laredo, Texas |
| KRRK | 101.1 FM | Desert Hills, Arizona |
| KRRL | 92.3 FM | Los Angeles |
| KRRM | 94.7 FM | Rogue River, Oregon |
| KRRN | 92.7 FM | Moapa Valley, Nevada |
| KRRO | 103.7 FM | Sioux Falls, South Dakota |
| KRRQ | 95.5 FM | Lafayette, Louisiana |
| KRRR | 104.9 FM | Cheyenne, Wyoming |
| KRRT | 90.9 FM | Arroyo Seco, New Mexico |
| KRRV-FM | 100.3 FM | Alexandria, Louisiana |
| KRRW | 105.9 FM | Winthrop, Minnesota |
| KRRX | 106.1 FM | Burney, California |
| KRRY | 100.9 FM | Canton, Missouri |
| KRSB-FM | 103.1 FM | Roseburg, Oregon |
| KRSC-FM | 91.3 FM | Claremore, Oklahoma |
| KRSD | 88.1 FM | Sioux Falls, South Dakota |
| KRSE | 105.7 FM | Yakima, Washington |
| KRSF | 89.3 FM | Ridgecrest, California |
| KRSH | 95.9 FM | Healdsburg, California |
| KRSJ | 100.5 FM | Durango, Colorado |
| KRSK | 105.1 FM | Molalla, Oregon |
| KRSL-FM | 95.9 FM | Russell, Kansas |
| KRSP-FM | 103.5 FM | Salt Lake City, Utah |
| KRSQ | 101.9 FM | Laurel, Montana |
| KRSS | 93.5 FM | Tarkio, Missouri |
| KRST | 92.3 FM | Albuquerque, New Mexico |
| KRSU | 88.5 FM | Appleton, Minnesota |
| KRSV-FM | 98.7 FM | Afton, Wyoming |
| KRSW | 89.3 FM | Worthington, Minnesota |
| KRSX | 95.9 FM | Goldendale, Washington |
| KRSY-FM | 92.7 FM | La Luz, New Mexico |
| KRTC | 88.7 FM | Truth or Consequences, New Mexico |
| KRTE-FM | 107.3 FM | Steelville, Missouri |
| KRTG | 88.3 FM | Carthage, Texas |
| KRTH | 101.1 FM | Los Angeles |
| KRTI | 106.7 FM | Grinnell, Iowa |
| KRTK | 93.3 FM | Hermann, Missouri |
| KRTM | 88.1 FM | Banning, California |
| KRTN-FM | 93.9 FM | Raton, New Mexico |
| KRTO | 97.1 FM | Guadalupe, California |
| KRTP | 91.7 FM | Alpine, Texas |
| KRTR-FM | 96.3 FM | Kailua, Hawaii |
| KRTS | 93.5 FM | Marfa, Texas |
| KRTT | 88.1 FM | Great Bend, Kansas |
| KRTU-FM | 91.7 FM | San Antonio, Texas |
| KRTY | 91.9 FM | Great Bend, Kansas |
| KRTZ | 98.7 FM | Cortez, Colorado |
| KRUA | 88.1 FM | Anchorage, Alaska |
| KRUC | 88.9 FM | Las Cruces, New Mexico |
| KRUE | 92.1 FM | Waseca, Minnesota |
| KRUF | 94.5 FM | Shreveport, Louisiana |
| KRUI-FM | 89.7 FM | Iowa City, Iowa |
| KRUP | 99.1 FM | Dillingham, Alaska |
| KRUX | 91.5 FM | Las Cruces, New Mexico |
| KRUZ | 103.3 FM | Santa Barbara, California |
| KRVA-FM | 107.1 FM | Campbell, Texas |
| KRVB | 94.9 FM | Nampa, Idaho |
| KRVC | 98.9 FM | Hornbrook, California |
| KRVE | 96.1 FM | Brusly, Louisiana |
| KRVF | 106.9 FM | Kerens, Texas |
| KRVG | 95.5 FM | Glenwood Springs, Colorado |
| KRVH | 91.5 FM | Rio Vista, California |
| KRVI | 106.7 FM | Mount Vernon, Missouri |
| KRVK | 107.9 FM | Vista West, Wyoming |
| KRVL | 94.3 FM | Kerrville, Texas |
| KRVM-FM | 91.9 FM | Eugene, Oregon |
| KRVN-FM | 93.1 FM | Lexington, Nebraska |
| KRVO | 103.1 FM | Columbia Falls, Montana |
| KRVP | 91.5 FM | Falfurrias, Texas |
| KRVQ-FM | 104.5 FM | Lake Isabella, California |
| KRVR | 105.5 FM | Copperopolis, California |
| KRVS | 88.7 FM | Lafayette, Louisiana |
| KRVV | 100.1 FM | Bastrop, Louisiana |
| KRVX | 103.1 FM | Wimbledon, North Dakota |
| KRVY-FM | 97.3 FM | Starbuck, Minnesota |
| KRWA | 90.9 FM | Rye, Colorado |
| KRWD | 93.3 FM | Muleshoe, Texas |
| KRWG | 90.7 FM | Las Cruces, New Mexico |
| KRWI | 98.1 FM | Wofford Heights, California |
| KRWK | 101.9 FM | Fargo, North Dakota |
| KRWM | 106.9 FM | Bremerton, Washington |
| KRWN | 92.5 FM | Farmington, New Mexico |
| KRWP | 103.3 FM | Pampa, Texas |
| KRWQ | 100.3 FM | Gold Hill, Oregon |
| KRWR | 92.1 FM | Tyler, Texas |
| KRXB | 107.1 FM | Beeville, Texas |
| KRXD | 97.7 FM | McNary, Arizona |
| KRXF | 92.9 FM | Bend, Oregon |
| KRXG | 91.3 FM | Silver City, New Mexico |
| KRXL | 94.5 FM | Kirksville, Missouri |
| KRXO-FM | 107.7 FM | Oklahoma City, Oklahoma |
| KRXP | 103.9 FM | Pueblo West, Colorado |
| KRXQ | 98.5 FM | Sacramento, California |
| KRXT | 98.5 FM | Rockdale, Texas |
| KRXV | 98.1 FM | Yermo, California |
| KRXW | 103.5 FM | Roseau, Minnesota |
| KRXY | 94.5 FM | Shelton, Washington |
| KRYD | 104.9 FM | Norwood, Colorado |
| KRYE | 94.7 FM | Beulah, Colorado |
| KRYJ | 89.7 FM | Craig, Colorado |
| KRYK | 101.3 FM | Chinook, Montana |
| KRYL | 106.5 FM | Haiku, Hawaii |
| KRYP | 93.1 FM | Gladstone, Oregon |
| KRYS-FM | 99.1 FM | Corpus Christi, Texas |
| KRZA | 88.7 FM | Alamosa, Colorado |
| KRZK | 106.3 FM | Branson, Missouri |
| KRZN | 96.3 FM | Billings, Montana |
| KRZP | 92.7 FM | Gassville, Arkansas |
| KRZQ | 105.9 FM | Amargosa Valley, Nevada |
| KRZS | 99.1 FM | Pangburn, Arkansas |
| KRZU | 90.7 FM | Batesville, Texas |
| KRZX | 106.1 FM | Redlands, Colorado |
| KRZY-FM | 105.9 FM | Santa Fe, New Mexico |
| KRZZ | 93.3 FM | San Francisco, California |

## KS--

| Callsign | Frequency | City of license |
| --- | --- | --- |
| KSAB | 99.9 FM | Robstown, Texas |
| KSAC-FM | 105.5 FM | Dunnigan, California |
| KSAG | 103.3 FM | Pearsall, Texas |
| KSAH-FM | 104.1 FM | Pearsall, Texas |
| KSAI | 90.3 FM | Salem, Oregon |
| KSAJ-FM | 98.5 FM | Burlingame, Kansas |
| KSAK | 90.1 FM | Walnut, California |
| KSAL-FM | 104.9 FM | Salina, Kansas |
| KSAM-FM | 101.7 FM | Huntsville, Texas |
| KSAN | 107.7 FM | San Mateo, California |
| KSAO | 93.9 FM | San Angelo, Texas |
| KSAQ | 102.3 FM | Charlotte, Texas |
| KSAR | 92.3 FM | Thayer, Missouri |
| KSAS-FM | 103.5 FM | Caldwell, Idaho |
| KSAY | 88.5 FM | Hamlin, Texas |
| KSBA | 88.5 FM | Coos Bay, Oregon |
| KSBC | 88.3 FM | Nile, Washington |
| KSBH | 94.9 FM | Coushatta, Louisiana |
| KSBJ | 89.3 FM | Humble, Texas |
| KSBK | 100.3 FM | Blanca, Colorado |
| KSBL | 101.7 FM | Carpinteria, California |
| KSBR | 88.5 FM | Mission Viejo, California |
| KSBS-FM | 92.1 FM | Pago Pago, American Samoa |
| KSBU | 92.7 FM | Delta, Louisiana |
| KSBV | 93.7 FM | Salida, Colorado |
| KSBZ | 103.1 FM | Sitka, Alaska |
| KSCA | 101.9 FM | Glendale, California |
| KSCB-FM | 107.5 FM | Liberal, Kansas |
| KSCH | 95.9 FM | Sulphur Springs, Texas |
| KSCL | 91.3 FM | Shreveport, Louisiana |
| KSCM | 94.3 FM | Scammon Bay, Alaska |
| KSCN | 96.9 FM | Pittsburg, Texas |
| KSCQ | 92.9 FM | Silver City, New Mexico |
| KSCR-FM | 93.5 FM | Benson, Minnesota |
| KSCS | 96.3 FM | Fort Worth, Texas |
| KSCU | 103.3 FM | Santa Clara, California |
| KSCV | 90.1 FM | Springfield, Missouri |
| KSCY | 106.9 FM | Four Corners, Montana |
| KSD | 93.7 FM | St. Louis, Missouri |
| KSDA-FM | 91.9 FM | Agat, Guam |
| KSDB-FM | 91.9 FM | Manhattan, Kansas |
| KSDJ | 90.7 FM | Brookings, South Dakota |
| KSDL | 92.3 FM | Sedalia, Missouri |
| KSDM | 104.1 FM | International Falls, Minnesota |
| KSDN-FM | 94.1 FM | Aberdeen, South Dakota |
| KSDQ | 88.7 FM | Moberly, Missouri |
| KSDR-FM | 92.9 FM | Watertown, South Dakota |
| KSDS | 88.3 FM | San Diego, California |
| KSDW | 88.9 FM | Temecula, California |
| KSDZ | 95.5 FM | Gordon, Nebraska |
| KSEA | 107.9 FM | Greenfield, California |
| KSEC | 95.7 FM | Bentonville, Arkansas |
| KSED | 107.5 FM | Sedona, Arizona |
| KSEF | 88.9 FM | Ste. Genevieve, Missouri |
| KSEG | 96.9 FM | Sacramento, California |
| KSEH | 94.5 FM | Brawley, California |
| KSEK-FM | 99.1 FM | Girard, Kansas |
| KSEL-FM | 105.9 FM | Portales, New Mexico |
| KSEM | 106.3 FM | Seminole, Texas |
| KSEQ | 97.1 FM | Visalia, California |
| KSER | 90.7 FM | Everett, Washington |
| KSES-FM | 107.1 FM | Seaside, California |
| KSEY-FM | 94.3 FM | Seymour, Texas |
| KSEZ | 97.9 FM | Sioux City, Iowa |
| KSFC | 91.9 FM | Spokane, Washington |
| KSFE | 96.7 FM | Grants, New Mexico |
| KSFI | 100.3 FM | Salt Lake City, Utah |
| KSFM | 102.5 FM | Woodland, California |
| KSFR | 101.1 FM | White Rock, New Mexico |
| KSFS | 90.1 FM | Sioux Falls, South Dakota |
| KSFT-FM | 107.1 FM | South Sioux City, Nebraska |
| KSGF-FM | 104.1 FM | Ash Grove, Missouri |
| KSGG | 104.7 FM | Soledad, California |
| KSGN | 89.7 FM | Riverside, California |
| KSGR | 91.1 FM | Portland, Texas |
| KSGZ | 98.7 FM | Greenfield, California |
| KSHA | 104.3 FM | Redding, California |
| KSHE | 94.7 FM | Crestwood, Missouri |
| KSHI | 90.9 FM | Zuni, New Mexico |
| KSHK | 103.1 FM | Hanamaulu, Hawaii |
| KSHL | 97.5 FM | Lincoln Beach, Oregon |
| KSHM | 91.3 FM | Show Low, Arizona |
| KSHQ | 100.7 FM | Deerfield, Missouri |
| KSHR-FM | 97.3 FM | Coquille, Oregon |
| KSHU | 90.5 FM | Huntsville, Texas |
| KSIB-FM | 101.3 FM | Creston, Iowa |
| KSID-FM | 98.7 FM | Sidney, Nebraska |
| KSIF | 91.7 FM | Wellington, Texas |
| KSII | 93.1 FM | El Paso, Texas |
| KSIL | 107.1 FM | Rincon, New Mexico |
| KSIT | 99.7 FM | Rock Springs, Wyoming |
| KSIV-FM | 91.5 FM | St. Louis, Missouri |
| KSJD | 91.5 FM | Cortez, Colorado |
| KSJE | 90.9 FM | Farmington, New Mexico |
| KSJI | 91.1 FM | St. Joseph, Missouri |
| KSJJ | 102.9 FM | Redmond, Oregon |
| KSJM | 89.1 FM | St. James, Minnesota |
| KSJN | 99.5 FM | Minneapolis, Minnesota |
| KSJO | 92.3 FM | San Jose, California |
| KSJP | 88.9 FM | Ipswich, South Dakota |
| KSJQ | 92.7 FM | Savannah, Missouri |
| KSJR-FM | 90.1 FM | Collegeville, Minnesota |
| KSJS | 90.5 FM | San Jose, California |
| KSJT-FM | 107.5 FM | San Angelo, Texas |
| KSJV | 91.5 FM | Fresno, California |
| KSJY | 89.9 FM | Saint Martinville, Louisiana |
| KSJZ | 93.3 FM | Jamestown, North Dakota |
| KSKA | 91.1 FM | Anchorage, Alaska |
| KSKB | 99.1 FM | Brooklyn, Iowa |
| KSKC | 89.5 FM | Crooked Creek, Alaska |
| KSKE-FM | 101.7 FM | Eagle, Colorado |
| KSKF | 90.9 FM | Klamath Falls, Oregon |
| KSKG | 99.9 FM | Salina, Kansas |
| KSKI-FM | 94.5 FM | Sun Valley, Idaho |
| KSKL | 94.5 FM | Scott City, Kansas |
| KSKO-FM | 89.5 FM | McGrath, Alaska |
| KSKP | 89.5 FM | Sleetmute, Alaska |
| KSKQ | 89.5 FM | Ashland, Oregon |
| KSKR-FM | 100.9 FM | Sutherlin, Oregon |
| KSKS | 93.7 FM | Fresno, California |
| KSKU | 94.7 FM | Sterling, Kansas |
| KSKZ | 98.1 FM | Copeland, Kansas |
| KSL-FM | 102.7 FM | Midvale, Utah |
| KSLC | 90.3 FM | McMinnville, Oregon |
| KSLE | 104.7 FM | Wewoka, Oklahoma |
| KSLG-FM | 93.1 FM | Arcata, California |
| KSLK | 101.7 FM | Selawik, Alaska |
| KSLO-FM | 105.3 FM | Simmesport, Louisiana |
| KSLP | 90.3 FM | Fort Pierre, South Dakota |
| KSLQ-FM | 104.5 FM | Washington, Missouri |
| KSLS | 90.7 FM | Dickinson, North Dakota |
| KSLT | 107.1 FM | Spearfish, South Dakota |
| KSLU | 90.9 FM | Hammond, Louisiana |
| KSLV-FM | 96.5 FM | Del Norte, Colorado |
| KSLX-FM | 100.7 FM | Scottsdale, Arizona |
| KSLY | 96.1 FM | San Luis Obispo, California |
| KSLZ | 107.7 FM | St. Louis, Missouri |
| KSMA-FM | 98.7 FM | Osage, Iowa |
| KSMB | 94.5 FM | Lafayette, Louisiana |
| KSMC | 89.5 FM | Moraga, California |
| KSME | 96.1 FM | Greeley, Colorado |
| KSMF | 89.1 FM | Ashland, Oregon |
| KSMG | 105.3 FM | Seguin, Texas |
| KSML-FM | 101.9 FM | Huntington, Texas |
| KSMM-FM | 101.5 FM | Liberal, Kansas |
| KSMR | 92.5 FM | Winona, Minnesota |
| KSMS-FM | 90.5 FM | Point Lookout, Missouri |
| KSMT | 102.1 FM | Breckenridge, Colorado |
| KSMU | 91.1 FM | Springfield, Missouri |
| KSMW | 90.3 FM | West Plains, Missouri |
| KSMX-FM | 107.5 FM | Clovis, New Mexico |
| KSMY | 106.7 FM | Lompoc, California |
| KSNA | 100.7 FM | Idaho Falls, Idaho |
| KSNB | 91.5 FM | Norton, Kansas |
| KSND | 95.1 FM | Monmouth, Oregon |
| KSNE-FM | 106.5 FM | Las Vegas, Nevada |
| KSNH | 88.5 FM | Snowflake, Arizona |
| KSNI-FM | 102.5 FM | Santa Maria, California |
| KSNM | 98.7 FM | Truth or Consequences, New Mexico |
| KSNN | 103.7 FM | Ridgway, Colorado |
| KSNO-FM | 103.9 FM | Snowmass Village, Colorado |
| KSNP | 97.7 FM | Burlington, Kansas |
| KSNQ | 98.3 FM | Twin Falls, Idaho |
| KSNR | 100.3 FM | Fisher, Minnesota |
| KSNS | 91.5 FM | Medicine Lodge, Kansas |
| KSNX | 105.5 FM | Heber, Arizona |
| KSNY-FM | 101.5 FM | Snyder, Texas |
| KSNZ | 92.9 FM | Shamrock, Texas |
| KSOC | 94.5 FM | Tipton, Oklahoma |
| KSOF | 98.9 FM | Dinuba, California |
| KSOH | 89.5 FM | Wapato, Washington |
| KSOI | 91.9 FM | Murray, Iowa |
| KSOK-FM | 95.9 FM | Winfield, Kansas |
| KSOL | 98.9 FM | San Francisco, California |
| KSOM | 96.5 FM | Audubon, Iowa |
| KSON | 103.7 FM | San Diego, California |
| KSOO-FM | 99.1 FM | Lennox, South Dakota |
| KSOP-FM | 104.3 FM | Salt Lake City, Utah |
| KSOR | 90.1 FM | Ashland, Oregon |
| KSOS | 90.5 FM | Las Vegas, Nevada |
| KSOU-FM | 93.9 FM | Sioux Center, Iowa |
| KSPB | 91.9 FM | Pebble Beach, California |
| KSPF | 98.7 FM | Dallas, Texas |
| KSPC | 88.7 FM | Claremont, California |
| KSPE | 94.5 FM | Ellwood, California |
| KSPH | 92.9 FM | Springhill, Louisiana |
| KSPI-FM | 93.7 FM | Stillwater, Oklahoma |
| KSPK-FM | 102.3 FM | Walsenburg, Colorado |
| KSPL | 90.9 FM | Kalispell, Montana |
| KSPN-FM | 103.1 FM | Aspen, Colorado |
| KSPO | 106.5 FM | Dishman, Washington |
| KSPP | 89.1 FM | Rhinelander, Wisconsin |
| KSPQ | 93.9 FM | West Plains, Missouri |
| KSPW | 96.5 FM | Sparta, Missouri |
| KSQD | 90.7 FM | Santa Cruz, California |
| KSQL | 99.1 FM | Santa Cruz, California |
| KSQM | 91.5 FM | Sequim, Washington |
| KSQQ | 96.1 FM | Morgan Hill, California |
| KSQS | 91.7 FM | Ririe, Idaho |
| KSQT | 89.7 FM | Prunedale, California |
| KSQX | 89.1 FM | Springtown, Texas |
| KSQY | 95.1 FM | Deadwood, South Dakota |
| KSRA-FM | 92.7 FM | Salmon, Idaho |
| KSRD | 91.9 FM | St. Joseph, Missouri |
| KSRF | 95.9 FM | Poipu, Hawaii |
| KSRG | 88.3 FM | Ashland, Oregon |
| KSRH | 88.1 FM | San Rafael, California |
| KSRI | 90.7 FM | Sterling, Colorado |
| KSRN | 107.7 FM | Kings Beach, California |
| KSRP | 89.1 FM | Dodge City, Kansas |
| KSRQ | 90.1 FM | Thief River Falls, Minnesota |
| KSRS | 91.5 FM | Roseburg, Oregon |
| KSRT | 107.1 FM | Cloverdale, California |
| KSRV-FM | 96.1 FM | Ontario, Oregon |
| KSRW | 92.5 FM | Independence, California |
| KSRX | 97.5 FM | Sterling, Colorado |
| KSRY | 103.1 FM | Tehachapi, California |
| KSRZ | 104.5 FM | Omaha, Nebraska |
| KSSA | 105.9 FM | Ingalls, Kansas |
| KSSB | 96.3 FM | Calipatria, California |
| KSSC | 107.1 FM | Ventura, California |
| KSSD | 107.1 FM | Fallbrook, California |
| KSSE | 107.1 FM | Arcadia, California |
| KSSH | 91.7 FM | Shubert, Nebraska |
| KSSI | 102.1 FM | China Lake, California |
| KSSK-FM | 92.3 FM | Waipahu, Hawaii |
| KSSL | 107.3 FM | Post, Texas |
| KSSM | 103.1 FM | Copperas Cove, Texas |
| KSSN | 95.7 FM | Little Rock, Arkansas |
| KSSO | 89.3 FM | Norman, Oklahoma |
| KSSR-FM | 95.9 FM | Santa Rosa, New Mexico |
| KSSS | 101.5 FM | Bismarck, North Dakota |
| KSSU | 91.9 FM | Durant, Oklahoma |
| KSSW | 96.9 FM | Nashville, Arkansas |
| KSSX | 95.7 FM | Carlsbad, California |
| KSSZ | 93.9 FM | Fayette, Missouri |
| KSTH | 92.3 FM | Holyoke, Colorado |
| KSTI | 102.1 FM | Port Angeles, Washington |
| KSTJ | 91.3 FM | Hartford, South Dakota |
| KSTK | 101.7 FM | Wrangell, Alaska |
| KSTM | 88.9 FM | Indianola, Iowa |
| KSTO | 95.5 FM | Agana, Guam |
| KSTP-FM | 94.5 FM | Saint Paul, Minnesota |
| KSTQ | 93.5 | Stuart, Oklahoma |
| KSTR-FM | 96.1 FM | Montrose, Colorado |
| KSTT-FM | 104.5 FM | Atascadero, California |
| KSTV-FM | 93.1 FM | Dublin, Texas |
| KSTX | 89.1 FM | San Antonio, Texas |
| KSTY | 104.5 FM | Canon City, Colorado |
| KSTZ | 102.5 FM | Des Moines, Iowa |
| KSUA | 91.5 FM | Fairbanks, Alaska |
| KSUG | 101.9 FM | Heber Springs, Arkansas |
| KSUI | 91.7 FM | Iowa City, Iowa |
| KSUP | 106.3 FM | Juneau, Alaska |
| KSUT | 91.3 FM | Ignacio, Colorado |
| KSUU | 91.1 FM | Cedar City, Utah |
| KSUW | 91.3 FM | Sheridan, Wyoming |
| KSUX | 105.7 FM | Winnebago, Nebraska |
| KSVL | 92.3 FM | Smith, Nevada |
| KSVQ | 89.3 FM | Gambell, Alaska |
| KSVR | 91.7 FM | Mount Vernon, Washington |
| KSVU | 90.1 FM | Hamilton, Washington |
| KSVY | 91.3 FM | Sonoma, California |
| KSWD | 94.1 FM | Seattle, Washington |
| KSWF | 100.5 FM | Aurora, Missouri |
| KSWG | 96.3 FM | Wickenburg, Arizona |
| KSWI | 95.7 FM | Atlantic, Iowa |
| KSWJ | 90.9 FM | Alexandria, Minnesota |
| KSWN | 93.9 FM | McCook, Nebraska |
| KSWP | 90.9 FM | Lufkin, Texas |
| KSWS | 88.9 FM | Chehalis, Washington |
| KSWW | 102.1 FM | Ocean Shores, Washington |
| KSXT | 90.3 FM | Smiley, Texas |
| KSXY | 100.9 FM | Forestville, California |
| KSYC-FM | 103.9 FM | Yreka, California |
| KSYD | 92.1 FM | Reedsport, Oregon |
| KSYF | 107.5 FM | Olathe, Colorado |
| KSYM-FM | 90.1 FM | San Antonio, Texas |
| KSYN | 92.5 FM | Joplin, Missouri |
| KSYU | 98.1 FM | Saint Marys, Alaska |
| KSYV | 96.7 FM | Solvang, California |
| KSYZ-FM | 107.7 FM | Grand Island, Nebraska |
| KSZR | 97.5 FM | Oro Valley, Arizona |
| KSZX | 105.5 FM | Santa Anna, Texas |


title: Occupational sexism

abstract: Occupational sexism is discrimination based on a person's sex that occurs in a place of employment.

text:
# Occupational sexism

**Occupational sexism** (also called **sexism in the workplace** and **employment sexism**) is discrimination based on a person's sex that occurs in a place of employment.

## Social role theory

Social role theory may explain one reason for why occupational sexism exists. Historically women's place was in the home, while the males were in the workforce. This division consequently formed expectations for both men and women in society and occupations. These expectations, in turn, gave rise to gender stereotypes that play a role in the formation of sexism in the work place, i.e., occupational sexism.

According to a reference, there are three common patterns associated with social role theory that might help explain the relationship between the theory and occupational sexism. The three patterns are as follows:

1. Women tend to take on more domestic tasks;
2. Women and men often have different occupational roles; and as well as pay gap
3. In occupations, women often have lower status

These patterns can work as the foreground for the commonality of occupational stereotypes.

An example

One example of this in action is the expectancy value model. This model describes how expectancies may be linked to gender discrimination in occupations. For example, women are expected by society to be more successful in health-related fields while men are expected to be more successful in science-related fields. Therefore, men are discriminated against when attempting to enter health-related fields, and women are discriminated against when attempting to enter science-related fields.

## Social role theory effects

### History

Occupational sexism is caused by the social role theory and different stereotypes in society. The social role theory has many effects on women, many of them pertaining to occupations. Before World War II, women were usually found in the home, performing traditionally womanly duties such as cooking, cleaning, and taking care of children. However, since World War II, women have shifted the gender roles and have begun performing the jobs that men would have typically been performing, such as joining the military, becoming mechanics, driving trucks, etc. The original occupations women participated in were based on the social role theory, but women have been attempting to counteract the theory by participating in jobs that would be seen as "unusual" for them.

### Stereotypes

Despite multiple acts attempting to seal the gap between women and men in the workplace, women still face issues based on stereotypes embedded in society caused by the social role theory. Whether it is intentional or not, there is discrimination of women based on gender-related stereotypes. It has been studied by Tiina Likki, who is a part of a Behavioral Insights Team, that removing stereotypes about women in occupations is difficult because, despite job training, people still acquire stereotypical thoughts. Many stereotypes are embedded into our lives through society, which causes a constant continuation. This makes it difficult to steer away from these stereotypes as they have been prominent in society for hundreds of years.

### Continuation of Sexism

The place where women choose to live and work determines the sexism that is encountered.

### Trouble Advancing in Occupations

In occupations, women rarely are awarded managerial positions. This is caused by sexual roles within organizations. Men are viewed as superior in occupations because of the stereotype that they are stronger and more capable of dealing with their emotions than women. This is a possible reason for why women have trouble obtaining positions in occupations that put them above men. If women were to rise to a higher position in an occupation, there is likelihood that they will be treated differently than if a male were to obtain that same position.

### Fights against the theory

The idea of gender roles has caused different reactions in women in modern society as well. Women have been fighting against gender roles and the stereotype that women can only perform certain duties in occupations. There is an entire feminist movement that focuses on the inequality of women in different aspects of society, including the treatment of women in occupations based on gender roles. Feminists have been working towards gaining equality between men and women and eliminating the social role theory, along with stereotypical assumptions, to ensure women obtain and keep their basic human rights.

## Emotion politics

Sexism also arises in the workplace through the beliefs concerning which emotions are appropriate for employees to show. Stereotypically, women are expected to be kind and nurturing, communal, and modest, while they are not expected to display anger. Expressing an emotion that doesn't line up with people's beliefs about gender-appropriate behavior could lead to being given a lower status at work, and consequently, a lower wage.

A 2008 study found that men who expressed anger in the workplace were given a higher status, while women who expressed anger in the workplace were given a lower status, regardless of their actual position in the company. A trainee and a CEO who were female were both given a low status when displaying anger. Additionally, women who displayed anger in the workplace were assumed to have something internal influencing their anger, as opposed to having an external reason to be angry. Men more often had their anger attributed to an external cause.

The expression of anger is believed to be related to status, as anger is considered a status emotion. Positive impressions of those who display anger are reserved for people who are stereotypically conferred a higher status. A 2007 study found that male employees who were in a subordinate position in the workplace displayed anger toward higher status employees, while female employees in a subordinate position displayed anger toward higher status employees much less frequently. This suggests that the stereotypical norm of men displaying anger carries over into the workplace, while the norm of women restraining displays of anger also carries over. It also suggests that, although men in low level positions in the workplace possess a low status in this context, they may carry over the higher status that comes with their gender into the workplace. Women do not possess this high status; therefore the low status that low-level women possess in the workplace is the sole status that matters.

## Some markers

* Wage discrimination
* Systematic sex-based hiring and promotional practices (when employers do not hire or promote a person who is "otherwise apparently qualified for a job" solely on the grounds that they are a woman or man)
* Sexual harassment
* The belief that certain occupational fields or types of jobs, particularly those that are degrading and/or low-paying, are "women's work" or those that are dangerous and/or hazardous are "men's work"
* Occupational fatalities
* Disparity in retirement age (men work longer than women)

## Research

Discrimination against men in the workplace is underinvestigated. OECD reports often include effects against women, but not for men.

## Wage discrimination

Howard J. Wall, an economist for the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, states that women make a median hourly income that was equal to 83.8 percent of what men make. In the late 1980s, studies saw that about a fair amount of the gender pay gap was due to differences in the skills and experience that women bring to the labor market and about 28 percent was due to differences in industry, occupation, and union status among men and women. Accounting for these differences raised the female/male pay ratio in the late 1980s from about 72% to about 88%, leaving around 12 percent as an "unexplained" difference.

## Death at work

The majority of occupational deaths occur among men. In one US study, 93% of deaths on the job involved men, with a death rate approximately 11 times higher than women. The industries with the highest death rates are mining, agriculture, forestry, fishing, and construction, all of which employ more men than women. Deaths of members in the military is currently above 90% men.

## Causes of wage discrimination

Sociologists, economists, and politicians have proposed several theories about the causes of gender wage gap. Some believe that woman's salaries are based on the career path that women choose. They stipulate that the women chose low-paying jobs, clerical work, and to work in services (see also Pink-collar worker). This is said to be relatively true at time because many women who select these careers find it easier to continue working these simple jobs rather that quit them if they choose to raise a family.

## Sexism in academia

Universities have been blamed for being sexist in their hiring decisions. In particular, men have been reported to be biased towards male applicants. However, recent data suggest that women have caught up, at least when it comes to the number of faculty positions offered to women (see Table).

| Field | % of applicants | % of applicants interviewed | % of applicants offered position |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Physics | 12 | 19 | 20 |
| Biology | 26 | 28 | 34 |
| Chemistry | 18 | 25 | 29 |
| Mathematics | 20 | 28 | 32 |

Data in table from 89 US universities where women were interviewed for tenure-track jobs.

## Challenging occupational sexism

Occupational sexism become institutionalized in the U.S. today when women were originally able to join the workforce by men primarily in the 20th century and were paid up to two-thirds of what male's income were. Since then it is now thought of as "good business" to hire women because they could perform many jobs similar to men, yet give them lesser wages. Groups like the American Civil Liberties Union and the National Organization for Women are established to fight against this discrimination, leading to the creation of groundbreaking laws such as the Equal Pay Act of 1963. However, identifying and challenging sex discrimination in the workplace (on legal grounds) has been argued as being extremely difficult for the average person to attempt and even harder to prove in court.

One successful sexism case that reached the U.S. Supreme Court was *Price Waterhouse v. Hopkins*. Ann Hopkins, a senior manager at Price Waterhouse, sued her employer, arguing that failure to promote her to partner stemmed not from her abilities—which had been undeniably stellar—but from certain partners thinking she didn't carry herself in a feminine-enough manner. The Supreme Court ruled 6–3 in Hopkins' favor, and a lower court ordered her employer to award her partnership and pay her back wages lost during the case.

Another Supreme Court case, *Ledbetter v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co.*, saw a judgment in favor of plaintiff Lilly Ledbetter—which had awarded her back pay and damages for several years of receiving disproportionately low pay in comparison to her male counterparts—overturned because she waited too long to file suit. After a 5–4 decision, the majority cited reasoning that "Federal law states that 'employees must file their discrimination complaints within 180 days of the incident,'" a task that dissenting Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg claimed was unreasonable considering that quite often women have no reason to suspect discrimination until certain unfair patterns develop and they are made aware of them.


title: State Bank of New South Wales

abstract: The State Bank of New South Wales, from 1933 until 1981 known as the Rural Bank of New South Wales, was a bank that was owned by the Government of New South Wales. In 1994, it was taken over by Colonial Mutual and became the Colonial State Bank and then sold to the Commonwealth Bank in 2000.

text:
# State Bank of New South Wales

The **State Bank of New South Wales**, from 1933 until 1981 known as the **Rural Bank of New South Wales**, was a bank that was owned by the Government of New South Wales. In 1994, it was taken over by Colonial Mutual and became the Colonial State Bank and then sold to the Commonwealth Bank in 2000.

## History of operations

### Founding and growth

By early 1931, the Government Savings Bank was in financial trouble in the midst of the Great Depression, and on 22 April 1931 the Bank suspended payments after a drain on its cash resources. On 15 December 1931, the majority of the Government Savings Bank was amalgamated into the Commonwealth Savings Bank. The Rural Bank and Advance Homes Departments of the Government Savings Bank were not taken over by the Commonwealth Savings Bank, and continued to operate. In late 1932, the NSW Government led by Assistant Treasurer Eric Spooner introduced legislation to reconstitute what remained of the Government Savings Bank into a new "Rural Bank of New South Wales", with a specific mandate to support primary industries and not to operate as a traditional general lending bank, governed by a board of three commissioners.

On 23 December 1932, the *Rural Bank of New South Wales Act, 1932* was passed by the NSW Parliament, and on 1 July 1933 the new institution and board of commissioners commenced operations to replace the old Government Savings Bank. The former chairman of the GSB, William O'Malley Wood, was appointed president and commissioner, with Clarence McKerihan and Henry Rogers appointed as commissioners.

On 19 December 1947, the NSW Parliament passed the *Rural Bank of New South Wales (General Banking) Act, 1947*, which merged the Rural Bank Department, the Advances for Homes Department, and the Personal Loans Department, into a General Bank Department, and authorised the bank to operate as a regular trading bank. On this change, the Premier of NSW, Jim McGirr, commented:

> "The primary object of this important legislation is to widen the scope of the bank's functions in order to place it on an equal footing with other banks in this State. The measure is in accordance with the Government's policy of fostering an institution that has in the past provided a valuable service to the people and has assisted in implementing various governmental schemes."

### State Bank

On 2 November 1981, the *State Bank Act* came into effect, which reconstituted the Rural Bank as the "State Bank of New South Wales", governed by a board of seven directors, and changed the mandate to that of a standard commercial bank. The bank's slogan for many years was "We do more for you personally". On the change of the Rural Bank to the State Bank, a former bank employee, Bruce R. Turner, later recalled:

> In line with its motto, the \[Rural\] bank's customers were put first at every stage. For instance, if a customer thought he or she had been charged a fee unfairly, the branch staff had the delegation to make an assessment and waive the fee if the circumstances warranted.
> As the 1980s progressed, the State Bank's stewardship changed and the business transformation accelerated. The bank's balance sheet became more highly leveraged, profitability became the key driver, and customer service standards started to decline. Many of the branch staff were the same, but a new culture was being framed. Delegations for local staff to make local decisions were wound back (including delegations to waive and refund unfair fees and charges).

The bank was 'corporatised' in 1990, under the *State Owned Corporations Act 1989* (NSW) and the *State Bank (Corporatisation) Act 1989* (NSW). On 14 May 1990, the existing State Bank was dissolved, and all of its assets and business undertaking were vested in an incorporated State Bank, limited by shares.

### Privatisation and merger

On 23 November 1994, the NSW Government sold the bank to Colonial Mutual, a financial services company, through the *State Bank (Privatisation) Act 1994*. Although initially retaining the State Bank name, the bank then changed its name to Colonial State Bank in 1996. In 2000, it too was taken over, this time by the Commonwealth Bank of Australia.

## Executives

### Rural Bank, 1933–1981

The board of the Rural Bank consisted of three (later five) commissioners appointed by the Governor on the advice of the Premier for a term of seven years, with one of the commissioners appointed as president/general manager. A deputy president could also be appointed to fill in during a long period of absence of the president.

#### Presidents

| # | Officeholder | Term start date | Term end date | Time in office | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | William O'Malley Wood | 1 July 1933 | 17 April 1934 | 290 days |  |
| 2 | Sir Clarence McKerihan | 18 April 1934 | 6 May 1961 | 27 years, 18 days |  |
| 3 | John Callachor Fletcher | 6 May 1961 | 1 July 1971 | 10 years, 56 days |  |
| 4 | Albert Oliver | 1 July 1971 | 2 November 1981 | 10 years, 124 days |  |

#### Commissioners

| Officeholder | Term start date | Term end date | Time in office | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| William O'Malley Wood | 1 July 1933 | 17 April 1934 | 290 days |  |
| Sir Clarence McKerihan | 1 July 1933 | 6 May 1961 | 27 years, 309 days |  |
| Henry Rogers | 1 July 1933 | 14 November 1952 | 19 years, 136 days |  |
| Patrick Kearns | 18 April 1934 | 31 December 1948 | 14 years, 257 days |  |
| John Callachor Fletcher | 15 March 1950 | 1 July 1971 | 21 years, 108 days |  |
| Bruce Sidney Smith | 9 January 1953 | 11 June 1960 | 7 years, 154 days |  |
| Sydney Manning Norton | 12 June 1960 | 18 December 1963 | 3 years, 189 days |  |
| Sir Norman Rydge | 22 February 1961 | 5 March 1976 | 15 years, 12 days |  |
| Sir James Frederick John Auswild | 22 February 1961 | 2 November 1981 | 20 years, 253 days |  |
| Edward Thomas Carroll | 17 May 1961 | 1 June 1971 | 10 years, 15 days |  |
| Robert Hewiston Cooper | 18 December 1963 | 5 August 1971 | 7 years, 230 days |  |
| Albert Oliver | 1 July 1971 | 2 November 1981 | 10 years, 124 days |  |
| Douglas Joseph Byrne | 6 August 1971 | 1 October 1973 | 2 years, 56 days |  |
| William Leslie Evans | 2 June 1971 | 18 June 1975 | 4 years, 16 days |  |
| Jim Ernest Frederick McKensey | 1 October 1973 | 2 June 1980 | 6 years, 245 days |  |
| Eric Randall Leslie Kay | 19 June 1975 | 10 February 1980 | 4 years, 236 days |  |
| Henry Percival Anderson | 5 March 1976 | 2 November 1981 | 5 years, 242 days |  |
| Kenneth George Dennewald | 11 February 1980 | 2 November 1981 | 1 year, 264 days |  |
| Nicholas Whitlam | 2 June 1980 | 2 November 1981 | 1 year, 153 days |  |

### State Bank, 1981–1994

From 2 November 1981, the board of the State Bank consisted of seven directors appointed by the Governor on the advice of the Premier, with one of the directors appointed as managing director.

#### Managing Directors/CEO

| # | Officeholder | Term start date | Term end date | Time in office | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Nicholas Whitlam | 2 November 1981 | 29 June 1987 | 5 years, 239 days |  |
| 2 | John O'Neill | 30 June 1987 | 23 November 1994 | 7 years, 146 days |  |

#### Directors

| Officeholder | Term start date | Term end date | Time in office | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Kenneth George Dennewald | 2 November 1981 | 19 August 1984 | 2 years, 291 days | Deputy |
| Sir Roden Cutler | 2 November 1981 | 3 November 1987 | 6 years, 1 day | Chairman |
| Henry Percival Anderson | 2 November 1981 | 13 April 1989 | 7 years, 162 days |  |
| Bruce K. Maitland | 2 November 1981 | 3 November 1987 | 6 years, 1 day |  |
| Robert C. Nicholls | 2 November 1981 | 3 November 1987 | 6 years, 1 day |  |
| Terrence Malcolm Griffir | 26 February 1982 | 1 March 1985 | 3 years, 3 days |  |
| Donald Graeme Adams | 20 August 1984 | 1 February 1988 | 3 years, 165 days | Deputy |
| Reginald Garry Walter Murphy | 1 March 1985 | 1 March 1988 | 3 years, 0 days |  |
| Percy Allan | 4 November 1987 | 1 March 1990 | 2 years, 117 days |  |
| Graham John Kelly | 4 November 1987 | 1 March 1990 | 2 years, 117 days |  |
| David Lowy | 4 November 1987 | 1 March 1990 | 2 years, 117 days |  |
| Neville Watkins | 1 March 1988 | 1 March 1990 | 2 years, 0 days |  |
| David Greatorex | 1 August 1988 | 21 June 1993 | 4 years, 324 days | Chairman 1990–1993 |
| John Valder | 14 April 1989 | 23 November 1994 | 5 years, 223 days |  |
| Richard Austen | 1 March 1990 | 23 November 1994 | 4 years, 267 days |  |
| Richard Norman Hamilton Denton | 1 March 1990 | 23 November 1994 | 4 years, 267 days |  |

## Former bank buildings

There are many former buildings of the Rural Bank and its successors that are heritage listed:

Media related to State Bank of New South Wales at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

State Bank of New South Wales
|
|  |
|
| Formerly | Rural Bank of New South Wales (1933–1981) |
| Industry | Financial services |
| Predecessor | Government Savings Bank of New South Wales |
| Founded | 1 July 1933 |
| Defunct | 23 November 1994 |
| Successors | Colonial State Bank<br>Commonwealth Bank |
| Headquarters | Rural Bank Building, Martin Place (1936–1982) |
| Area served | New South Wales |


title: 1955–56 Cypriot Second Division

abstract: The 1955–56 Cypriot Second Division was the third season of the Cypriot second-level football league. Aris Limassol won their 2nd title.

text:
# 1955–56 Cypriot Second Division

The **1955–56 Cypriot Second Division** was the third season of the Cypriot second-level football league. Aris Limassol won their 2nd title.

## Format

Eight teams participated in the 1955–56 Cypriot Second Division. The league was split into two geographical groups, depending from which Districts of Cyprus each participated team came from. All teams of each group played against each other twice, once at their home and once away. The team with the most points at the end of the season were crowned group champions. The winners of each group played against each other in the final phase of the competition and the winner were the champions of the Second Division. The champion was promoted to the 1956–57 Cypriot First Division.

Teams received two points for a win, one point for a draw and zero points for a loss.

## Changes from previous season

**Teams promoted to 1955–56 Cypriot First Division**

**Teams relegated from 1954–55 Cypriot First Division**

**New members of CFA**

**Members that withdrew from CFA**

## Stadiums and locations

Antaeus
Apollon
Aris
PanelliniosAPOPOrfeasAlkiPAEKclass=notpageimage|Locations of the **1955–56 Cypriot Second Division** teams.

| Group | Team | Stadium |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Limassol-Paphos | Antaeus | GSO Stadium |
| | Apollon | GSO Stadium |
| | APOP | GSK Stadium |
| | Aris | GSO Stadium |
| | Panellinios | GSO Stadium |
| Nicosia-Larnaca-Keryneia | Alki | GSZ Stadium |
| | Orfeas | GSP Stadium |
| | PAEK | G.S. Praxander Stadium |
|

## Nicosia-Larnaca-Keryneia Group

League standings

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Orfeas Nicosia | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 3 | +7 | 8 | Advanced to Champions Playoff |
| 2 | Alki Larnaca | 4 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 10 | 8 | +2 | 2 |  |
| 3 | PAEK | 4 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 5 | 14 | 9 | | 2 |

Source:  Results

| Home \ Away | ALK | ORF | PKK |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Alki |  | 1–2 | 5–0 |
| Orfeas | 2–1 |  | 3–0 |
| PAEK | 4–3 | 1–3 |  |

Source:
Legend: Blue = home team win; Yellow = draw; Red = away team win.

## Limassol-Paphos Group

League standings

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Aris Limassol (C, P) | 8 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 31 | 9 | +22 | 14 | Advanced to Champions Playoff |
| 2 | Antaeus Limassol | 8 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 21 | 10 | +11 | 13 |  |
| 3 | Panellinios Limassol | 8 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 20 | 23 | 3 | | 7 |
| 4 | APOP Paphos | 8 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 21 | 22 | 1 | | 6 |
| 5 | Apollon Limassol | 8 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 10 | 39 | 29 | | 0 |

Source:
(C) Champions; (P) Promoted Results

| Home \ Away | ANT | APL | APP | ARS | PNL |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Antaeus |  | 2–1 | 4–2 | 0–0 | 5–2 |
| Apollon | 0–5 |  | 2–6 | 2–6 | 2–6 |
| APOP | 0–2 | 5–0 |  | 1–3 | 2–2 |
| Aris | 4–1 | 6–2 | 5–1 |  | 6–1 |
| Panellinios | 1–2 | 3–1 | 4–4 | 1–1 |  |

Source:
Legend: Blue = home team win; Yellow = draw; Red = away team win.

## Champions Playoffs

Aris Limassol were the champions of the Second Division and they were promoted to the 1956–57 Cypriot First Division.

## Sources

* "Cyprus 1955/56". *RSSSF*. Retrieved 2016-06-24.

## InfoBox

Cypriot Second Division
| Season | 1955–56 |
| --- | --- |
| Champions | Aris<br>(2nd title) |
| Promoted | Aris |
| 1954–55 1956–57 | |


title: West Ella

abstract: West Ella is a small village in the civil parish of Kirk Ella, west of Kirk Ella settlement, within the East Riding of Yorkshire, England, on the eastern edge of the Yorkshire Wolds, approximately 6 miles (10 km) west of the city of Kingston upon Hull. The village lies on West Ella Road, between Kirk Ella and Swanland – it was beautified by the owners the Sykes family in the 19th century, and as a consequence much of the area is now a conservation area, with many listed buildings. In the two decades after the end of the Second World War the village expanded, more than doubling the housing stock, mainly high quality detached dwellings, with much of the new housing along an additional road, Elveley Drive, running north. West Ella is considered to be one of the most exclusive and desirable villages to live in the East Riding of Yorkshire.

text:
# West Ella

**West Ella** is a small village in the civil parish of Kirk Ella, west of Kirk Ella settlement, within the East Riding of Yorkshire, England, on the eastern edge of the Yorkshire Wolds, approximately 6 miles (10 km) west of the city of Kingston upon Hull.

The village lies on West Ella Road, between Kirk Ella and Swanland – it was beautified by the owners the Sykes family in the 19th century, and as a consequence much of the area is now a conservation area, with many listed buildings. In the two decades after the end of the Second World War the village expanded, more than doubling the housing stock, mainly high quality detached dwellings, with much of the new housing along an additional road, Elveley Drive, running north.

West Ella is considered to be one of the most exclusive and desirable villages to live in the East Riding of Yorkshire.

## Geography

The small village of West Ella is around 0.6 miles (1 km) roughly west of the traditional village centre of Kirk Ella; much of the village's housing is located on the east-west West Ella Road from Kirk Ella to Swanland, there is also housing north towards Riplingham Road along Elveley Drive. The village lies in the eastern foothills of the Yorkshire Wolds and is at between 40 and 60 metres (130 and 200 ft) above sea level, rising westward. Most of the village along West Ella Road is a conservation area, due to the picturesque nature of the village; the area is richly treed, and hedged with associated wildlife.

The village is separated from its neighbours on all side by open land, coppices and the golf course of Hull Golf Club. Directly west of the village is the route of the modern A164.

Together with the adjacent village of Kirk Ella, West Ella forms the civil parish of Kirk Ella; and is within the Parliamentary constituency of Haltemprice and Howden.

West Ella, with Cottingham, Willerby, Kirk Ella, Anlaby, and Anlaby Common and the town of Hessle was once part of a district of Haltemprice.

## History

The name has been interpreted to mean "Aelf(a)'s Western Woodland Clearing", and be Old English in origin; there is evidence of human activity in the area from the Mesolithic period, and later during the Iron Age and Roman Britain periods. Of four references to "Ella" in the Domesday Book it is thought that one refers to West Ella, either as a village of 20 or 5 persons.

Writers in the 19th century speculated that the names of nearby features, *Kerry Pits* (south-east of the village) and *The Lunds* (north-east, now a golf course) were etymological evidence of druidic activities in the area; "Kerry" being postulated to derive from "cyric" (place of worship); "lund" meaning grove, a reference to a (druidic) grove.

The fields around Kirk Ella, West Ella and Willerby were enclosed in by acts of 1796 and 1824.

Unlike its eastern neighbour Kirk Ella no movement of Hull merchants to, or pattern of construction of large houses took place in West Ella during the 18th and 19th century – in 1801 the villages population of 79; in 1851 the population was 1851. The only large house in the village was, and is West Ella Hall, built c.1740; the house became the property of Joseph Sykes (see Sykes family of Sledmere) in 1756 who improved the place, enclosing the grounds. The original two storey four bay house was extended on each side in the 1770s, with further extensions in 1800, early 1800s and 1884.

The village of West Ella was 'Gothicised' by its owners the Sykes family in the 19th century – with houses receiving both Tudor and Gothic details – the majority or buildings date from the early or mid 19th century; the remainder from the mid or late 18th century; the *Ancient Manor House*, has a datestone of 1753. As a result of the beautification many of the 19th century village buildings are now listed buildings and/or listed on the National Record of the Historic Environment as of heritage interest. One, *Jasmine Cottage*, was altered with the loss of much of the original Gothicisation in the 1970s.

In 1850 the village consisted of a single street, with West Ella Hall and its large grounds at the east end on the south side; the Manor House off a short track to the south; and less than twenty other buildings. A Wesleyan Methodist church was built 1895, in other respects development of the village was unchanged at the beginning of the 20th century. During the first half of the 20th century there was little building growth in the village. By the end of the 1930s the urban spread of Kirk Ella had begun to expand westwards along West Ella Road. By the end of the 1940s this growth had reached West Ella, with substantial garden houses all along the south side of West Ella Road between the two villages; new housing had been developed in West Ella at the west and east ends, also of a substantial nature of detached houses with large gardens.

By the 1960s a new road and housing estate had been built north of the original village : *Elveley Drive* and *The Fairway*, in the area of plantation known as Long Drive Wood; by the beginning of the 1970s this had been extended connecting northwards to Riplingham Road. This extent of development remained mostly unchanged to the present (2006).

West Ella was formerly a township in the parish of Kirk-Ella, in 1866 West Ella became a separate civil parish, on 1 April 1935 the parish was abolished and merged with Haltemprice. In 1931 the parish had a population of 122.

## Notable people

### Sources

## InfoBox

| West Ella | |
| --- | --- |
| West Ella Road, West Ella (2008) | |
| West EllaLocation within the East Riding of Yorkshire | |
| OS grid reference | TA009292 |
| London | 155 mi (249 km) |
| Civil parish |  |
| Unitary authority |  |
| Ceremonial county |  |
| Region |  |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | HULL |
| Postcode district | HU10 |
| Dialling code | 01482 |
|  | |
| Police | Humberside |
| Fire | Humberside |
| Ambulance | Yorkshire |
|  | |
| UK Parliament |  |
|


title: Nevada State Route 8A

abstract: Former State Route 8A was a two-part state highway in the U.S. state of Nevada, running from California State Route 299 in a general easterly and southeasterly direction via Vya and Denio to US 95 north of Winnemucca, and south from US 40 at Battle Mountain via Austin to US 6 near Tonopah. It was a branch of State Route 8, which followed US 95 north from US 40 at Winnemucca to Oregon. The part northwest from US 95 towards the Oregon state line later became State Route 140, part of the Winnemucca to the Sea Highway. In the late 1970s renumbering, the north–south portion became State Route 305 and State Route 376, but the portion from SR 140 west to California did not remain in the state highway system. However, signs remain on that segment, and so SR 8A still de facto connects SR 140 with California.

text:
# Nevada State Route 8A

Former **State Route 8A** (**SR 8A**) was a two-part state highway in the U.S. state of Nevada, running from California State Route 299 in a general easterly and southeasterly direction via Vya and Denio to US 95 north of Winnemucca, and south from US 40 at Battle Mountain via Austin to US 6 near Tonopah. It was a branch of State Route 8, which followed US 95 north from US 40 at Winnemucca to Oregon. The part northwest from US 95 towards the Oregon state line later became State Route 140, part of the Winnemucca to the Sea Highway. In the late 1970s renumbering, the northsouth portion became State Route 305 (Battle Mountain to Austin) and State Route 376 (Austin to Tonopah), but the portion from SR 140 west to California did not remain in the state highway system. (SR 140 was to be renumbered to State Route 291, but this was not carried through.) However, signs remain on that segment, and so SR 8A still *de facto* connects SR 140 with California.

## Major intersections

| County | Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Washoe |  |  |  | SR 299 |  |
| | Vya |  |  | SR 34 | Western end of SR 34 concurrency |
| |  |  |  | SR 34 | Eastern end of SR 34 concurrency |
| Humboldt |  |  |  | SR 34A | Eastern terminus of SR 34A |
| |  |  |  | SR 140 |  |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi<br> | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| State Route 8A | |
| --- | --- |
| Route information | |
| Existed | 1929–1976 |
| Section 1 | |
| West end | SR 299 at California state line |
| East end | SR 140 |
| Section 2 | |
| South end | US 6 near Tonopah |
| North end | US 40 in Battle Mountain |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Nevada |
|  | |
| Highway system | |
| * **Nevada State Highway System** | |