title: Werner Hoffmann (nightfighter pilot)

abstract: Werner Hoffmann was a German Luftwaffe night fighter ace and recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross, the highest award in the military and paramilitary forces of Nazi Germany during World War II. Hoffmann was credited 51 aerial victories, 50 of them at night, claimed in 192 combat missions.

text:
# Werner Hoffmann (nightfighter pilot)

**Werner Hoffmann** (13 January 1918 – 8 July 2011) was a German Luftwaffe night fighter ace and recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross, the highest award in the military and paramilitary forces of Nazi Germany during World War II. Hoffmann was credited 51 aerial victories, 50 of them at night, claimed in 192 combat missions.

## Early life and career

Hoffmann was born on 13 January 1918 in Stettin, present-day Szczecin in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship in Poland, at the time in the Province of Pomerania of the German Empire. He was the only child of Walter, a ship building engineer, and Gertrud Hoffmann. In 1924, Hoffmann began his schooling at the *Volksschule*, a primary school, in Stettin. A year later, the family moved to Berlin, settling in Wilmersdorf. There, in 1928, he attended a *Gymnasium*, a secondary school.

Hoffmann began flying gliders in 1932 and joined the Luftwaffe in December 1936, learning to fly with the *Luftkriegsschule 3* (LKS 3—3rd air war school), Wildpark-West near Werder. He was awarded his pilot's badge in June 1938 and was then posted to 7. *Staffel* of *Jagdgeschwader* 234 (JG 234—234th Fighter Wing), a squadron of III. *Gruppe*. III. *Gruppe* of JG 234 was eventually redesignated I. *Gruppe* of *Zerstörergeschwader* 52 (ZG 2—52nd Destroyer Wing) in May 1939 and was equipped with the new Messerschmitt Bf 110 heavy fighter.

## World War II

World War II in Europe began on Friday 1 September 1939 when German forces invaded Poland. Hoffmann was assigned to 4. *Staffel* of *Zerstörergeschwader* 2 (ZG 2—2nd Destroyer Wing) in early 1940 and participated in the Battle of France. He claimed his aerial first aerial victory, a Royal Air Force (RAF) Hawker Hurricane fighter over Dunkirk, on 24 May 1940. That day, he also shot down Flying Officer Peter Cazenove in his Supermarine Spitfire from No. 92 Squadron. On 19 June, he hit by ground fire during a ground attack mission on French troops but returned to his airfield. Hoffmann sustained injuries in his left elbow, requiring weeks of convalescence.

In July 1940, Hoffmann was transferred to *Ergänzungs-Zerstörergruppe Værløse* as an instructor with the rank of *Oberleutnant* and appointed *Staffelkapitän* (squadron leader). He remained with the unit until 3 August 1941, when the unit was disbanded. He then underwent conversion training as a night fighter pilot.

### Night fighter career

Following the 1939 aerial Battle of the Heligoland Bight, RAF attacks shifted to the cover of darkness, initiating the Defence of the Reich campaign. By mid-1940, *Generalmajor* (Brigadier General) Josef Kammhuber had established a night air defense system dubbed the Kammhuber Line. It consisted of a series of control sectors equipped with radars and searchlights and an associated night fighter. Each sector named a *Himmelbett* (canopy bed) would direct the night fighter into visual range with target bombers. In 1941, the Luftwaffe started equipping night fighters with airborne radar such as the *Lichtenstein* radar. This airborne radar did not come into general use until early 1942.

Hoffmann was posted as *Staffelkapitän* to 5. *Staffel* of *Nachtjagdgeschwader* 3 (NJG 3—3rd Night Fighter Wing) based at Schleswig. On the night of 25/26 June 1942, Hoffmann shot down two twin-engine bombers during the 1,000-bomber raid on Bremen. Hoffmann was appointed *Staffelkapitän* of 4. *Staffel* of *Nachtjagdgeschwader* 5 (NJG 5—5th Night Fighter Wing) on 11 February 1943.

### Group commander

Hoffmann then served with I./NJG 1, based at Sint-Truiden, Saint-Trond in French pronunciation. On 4 July 1943, he was appointed *Gruppenkommandeur* (group commander) of I. *Gruppe* of NJG 5, succeeding *Hauptmann* Siegfried Wandam in this capacity.

On 15 November, Hoffmann was awarded the German Cross in Gold (*Deutsches Kreuz in Gold*) for 15 victories and by the end of 1943 had a victory total of 18. On 20 January 1944 Hoffmann had to bail out over Berlin when his aircraft was damaged by return fire from an RAF Lancaster. On the night of 28/29 January he shot down three Halifax bombers raiding Berlin and claimed two Lancaster bombers shot down the next night.

Hoffmann was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (*Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes*) for 31 victories on 4 May 1944. On 29 June, Hoffmann shot down a four-engine bomber but again bailed out when his aircraft received hits from defensive fire from the bomber. On the night of 7/8 July he shot down three RAF bombers. In late July 1944 I./NJG 5 was withdrawn to Stendal for re-equipment with the Ju 88 G-6. Deployed to East Prussia, Hoffmann claimed four victories over Soviet-flown aircraft around Libau during December 1944.

By early 1945 Hoffmann had 44 victories. Following the Soviet offensive on 12 January 1945, Major Hoffmann flew ground-attack operations against ground forces. Hoffmann claimed a further seven victories during 1945. On the night of 16/17 March 1945, Hoffmann claimed three aerial victories but was himself shot down. His first claim, a Lancaster bomber, was shot down southwest of Schwäbisch-Hall, a Halifax bomber was destroyed near Ansbach, and a Lancaster bomber was claimed east of Ansbach. Near Nuremberg, his Ju 88 G-6 came under attack from a No. 239 Squadron De Havilland Mosquito night-fighter flown by Squadron Leader Dennis Hughes and Flight Lieutenant 'Dickie' Percks. His entire crew bailed out with Hoffmann suffered severe bruising to his chest.

On 1 May 1945, Hoffmann joined 7./NJG 3, based at Husum. Hoffmann was recommended for the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves (*Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub*), a presentation was never made.

## Later life

Following three months internment in the POW camp at Wiedelah, Hoffmann was released. After the war he studied pharmacy and opened a dispensary in Goslar. In 1957, Hoffmann was engaged by Hoechst AG in Bremen in an advisory role.

### Aerial victory claims

Hoffmann was credited with 52 aerial victories, 51 of which by night, claimed in 192 combat missions. He filed four nocturnal aerial victories on the Eastern Front. Foreman, Parry and Mathews, authors of *Luftwaffe Night Fighter Claims 1939 – 1945*, researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 51 nocturnal victory claims. Mathews and Foreman also published *Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims*, listing Hoffmann with 51 claims, including one as a *Zerstörer* pilot by day, plus one further unconfirmed claim, also by day.

In some instances, aerial victories were claimed and logged in a *Planquadrat* (PQ—grid reference). The Luftwaffe grid map (*Jägermeldenetz*) map was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about 360 square miles (930 km2).

| Chronicle of aerial victories | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| This and the – (dash) indicates unwitnessed aerial victory claims for which Hoffmann did not receive credit.    This and the ? (question mark) indicates information discrepancies listed in *Luftwaffe Night Fighter Claims 1939 – 1945* but not in *Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims*. | | | | | | |
| Claim
(total) | Claim
(nocturnal) | Date | Time | Type | Location | Serial No./Squadron No. |
| – 1. *Staffel* of *Zerstörergeschwader* 52 – | | | | | | |
|  |  | 24 May 1940 |  | Hurricane | Dunkirk |  |
| 1 |  | 24 May 1940 | 20:30 | Spitfire | Dunkirk |  |
| – 5. *Staffel* of *Nachtjagdgeschwader* 3 – | | | | | | |
| 2 | 1 | 26 June 1942 | 02:26 | Hudson | 6 km (3.7 mi) southeast of Heide |  |
| 3 | 2 | 26 June 1942 | 03:24 | Whitley | 6 km (3.7 mi) north of Busum |  |
| – 4. *Staffel* of *Nachtjagdgeschwader* 5 – | | | | | | |
| 4 | 3 | 21 April 1943 | 00:45 | Halifax | 1.5 km (0.93 mi) east of Eggesin | Halifax *JB912*/No. 419 Bomber Squadron RCAF |
| 5 | 4 | 21 April 1943 | 00:50 | Halifax | 500 m (550 yd) south of Gut-Borkum | Halifax *JB804*/No. 77 Squadron RAF |
| 6? |  | 30 May 1943 | 01:45 | Halifax |  |  |
|  | 5 | 25 June 1943 | 01:21 | Lancaster | 3 km (1.9 mi) southwest of Erkelenz |  |
| 7 | 6 | 25 June 1943 | 01:24? | Lancaster | PQ 6278
vicinity of Erkelenz | Lancaster *ED858*/No. 156 Squadron RAF |
| 8 | 7 | 25 June 1943 | 01:54 | Wellington | 1 km (0.62 mi) south of Brasel | Wellington *HF594*/No. 166 Squadron RAF |
| 9 | 8 | 29 June 1943 | 02:18 | Stirling | 3 km (1.9 mi) northwest of Lommel
vicinity of Leopoldsburg | Stirling *BK694*/No. 15 Squadron RAF |
| *Stab* I. *Gruppe* of *Nachtjagdgeschwader* 5 – | | | | | | |
| 10 | 9 | 4 September 1943 | 00:32 | Lancaster | center of Berlin |  |
| 11 | 10 | 7 September 1943 | 00:24 | four-engined bomber | east of Munich |  |
| 12 | 11 | 7 September 1943 | 00:45 | Lancaster | south of Munich | Halifax *HR943*/No. 158 Squadron RAF |
| 13 | 12 | 27 September 1943 | 23:18 | Lancaster | Hanover | Lancaster *JA704*/No. 166 Squadron RAF |
| 14 | 13 | 18 October 1943 | 20:25 | Halifax | 5–10 km (3.1–6.2 mi) northeast of Hanover | Lancaster *ED499*/No. 9 Squadron RAF |
| 15 | 14 | 22 October 1943 | 21:14 | Lancaster | 35 km (22 mi) north of Kassel |  |
| 16 | 15 | 22 October 1943 | 21:32 | Lancaster | Bückeburg |  |
| 17 | 16 | 23 November 1943 | 20:08 | Lancaster | southwest of Berlin | Lancaster *JB223*/No. 156 Squadron RAF |
| 18 | 17 | 2 December 1943 | 20:23 | Lancaster | Berlin |  |
| 19 | 18 | 2 December 1943 | 20:34 | Lancaster | Berlin |  |
| 20 | 19 | 2 January 1944 | 03:06 | Lancaster | Berlin | Lancaster *JB703*/No. 156 Squadron RAF |
| 21 | 20 | 20 January 1944 | 19:20 | Lancaster | 20 km (12 mi) north-northeast of Rathenow |  |
| 22 | 21 | 29 January 1944 | 03:12 | Halifax | 5 km (3.1 mi) north of Neuruppin |  |
| 23 | 22 | 29 January 1944 | 03:27 | Halifax | 25 km (16 mi) northeast of Berlin |  |
| 24 | 23 | 29 January 1944 | 03:55 | Halifax | 25 km (16 mi) northeast of Berlin |  |
| 25 | 24 | 30 January 1944 | 20:15 | Lancaster | center of Berlin |  |
| 26 | 25 | 30 January 1944 | 20:35 | Lancaster | center of Berlin |  |
| 27 | 26 | 15 February 1944 | 20:48 | Halifax | 40 km (25 mi) northwest of Rostock |  |
| 28 | 27 | 20 February 1944 | 02:51 | Lancaster | 25 km (16 mi) east of Braunschweig |  |
| 29 | 28 | 20 February 1944 | 03:17 | Halifax | vicinity of Stendal | Halifax *LV816*/No. 78 Squadron RAF |
| 30 | 29 | 4 May 1944 | 00:36 | Lancaster | 15–20 km (9.3–12.4 mi) south of Mailly-le-Camp | Lancaster *LL743*/No. 166 Squadron RAF |
| 31 | 30 | 4 May 1944 | 00:36 | Lancaster | 15–20 km (9.3–12.4 mi) south of Mailly-le-Camp |  |
| 32 | 31 | 3 June 1944 | 01:24 | four-engined bomber | south of Elbeuf |  |
| 33 | 32 | 28 June 1944 | 03:50 | Halifax | northwest of Reims |  |
| 34 | 33 | 29 June 1944 | 00:58 | Halifax | northwest of Reims | Lancaster *PA980*/No. 405 Squadron RCAF |
| 35 | 34 | 8 July 1944 | 01:31 | Lancaster | south of Gisors |  |
| 36 | 35 | 8 July 1944 | 01:40 | Lancaster | 3 km (1.9 mi) north of Foucarmont |  |
| 37 | 36 | 8 July 1944 | 01:50 | Lancaster | southeast of Dieppe |  |
| 38 | 37 | 13 July 1944 | 02:12 | Lancaster | 10 km (6.2 mi) west of Neufchâteau |  |
| 39 | 38 | 13 July 1944 | 02:18 | Lancaster | 10 km (6.2 mi) southeast of Joinville |  |
| 40 | 39 | 15 July 1944 | 02:10 | Lancaster | 5 km (3.1 mi) east of Thonnance |  |
| 41 |  | 30 August 1944 | 01:37 | Lancaster | 25 km (16 mi) northwest of Königsberg |  |
| 42 | 41 | 14 December 1944 | 16:54 | DB-3 | vicinity of Libau |  |
| 43 | 42 | 20 December 1944 | 17:19 | PS-84 | east of Libau |  |
| 44 | 43 | 20 December 1944 | 18:09 | DB-3 | east of Libau |  |
| 45 | 44 | 20 December 1944 | 18:28 | DB-3 | east of Libau |  |
| 46 | 45 | 6 January 1945 | 21:12 | Halifax | Gdańsk Bay | Halifax *PB637*/No. 103 Squadron RAF |
| 47 | 46 | 14 February 1945 | 21:58 | B-17 | southwest of Bad Kissingen |  |
| 48 | 47 | 14 February 1945 | 22:11 | Lancaster | southwest of Bad Kissingen |  |
| 49 | 48 | 16 March 1945 | 21:18 | Lancaster | southwest of Schwäbisch Hall |  |
| 50 | 49 | 16 March 1945 | 21:26 | Lancaster | Ansbach |  |
| 51 | 50 | 16 March 1945 | 21:30 | Lancaster | east of Ansbach |  |
|  | 51 | 8 April 1945 | 23:00 | Lancaster | Weissenfels |  |

### Awards

### Citations

1. Williams 2011, pp. 89, 91.
2. Williams 2011, p. 91.
3. Mathews & Foreman 2015, p. 539.
4. Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 9.
5. Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 27.
6. Aders 1978, p. 229.
7. Bowman 2016, p. 223.
8. Bowman 2016, pp. 222–223.
9. Obermaier 1989, p. 135.
10. Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, pp. 48–246.
11. Mathews & Foreman 2015, pp. 539–540.
12. Hinchliffe 1999, p. 208.
13. *Planquadrat*.
14. Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 48.
15. Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 76.
16. Halifax JB912.
17. Halifax JB804.
18. Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, pp. 83–84.
19. Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 89.
20. Mathews & Foreman 2015, p. 389.
21. Lancaster ED858.
22. Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 90.
23. Wellington HF594.
24. Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 91.
25. Stirling BK694.
26. Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 110.
27. Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 112.
28. Halifax HR943.
29. Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 117.
30. Lancaster JA704.
31. Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 123.
32. Lancaster ED499.
33. Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 124.
34. Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 125.
35. Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 129.
36. Lancaster JB223.
37. Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 130.
38. Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 131.
39. Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 137.
40. Lancaster JB703.
41. Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 141.
42. Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 144.
43. Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 145.
44. Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 148.
45. Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 149.
46. Halifax LV816.
47. Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 174.
48. Lancaster LL743.
49. Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 181.
50. Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 194.
51. Lancaster PA980.
52. Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 199.
53. Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 200.
54. Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 201.
55. Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 213.
56. Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 226.
57. Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 229.
58. Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 235.
59. Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 243.
60. Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 246.
61. Williams 2011, p. 97.
62. Williams 2011, p. 99.
63. Williams 2011, p. 211.
64. Patzwall & Scherzer 2001, p. 192.
65. Patzwall 2008, p. 103.
66. Fellgiebel 2000, p. 192.
67. Scherzer 2007, p. 399.

### Bibliography

* Aders, Gebhard (1978). *History of the German Night Fighter Force, 1917–1945*. London: Janes. ISBN 978-0-354-01247-8.
* Bergström, Christer \[in Swedish\]. "Bergström Black Cross/Red Star website". *Identifying a Luftwaffe Planquadrat*. Retrieved 7 December 2018.
* Bowman, Martin (2016). *German Night Fighters Versus Bomber Command 1943–1945*. Barnsley, South Yorkshire: Pen and Sword Aviation. ISBN 978-1-4738-4979-2.
* Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer \[in German\] (2000) \[1986\]. *Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile* \[*The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches*\] (in German). Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas. ISBN 978-3-7909-0284-6.
* Foreman, John; Parry, Simon; Mathews, Johannes (2004). *Luftwaffe Night Fighter Claims 1939 – 1945*. Walton on Thames, UK: Red Kite. ISBN 978-0-9538061-4-0.
* Mathews, Andrew Johannes; Foreman, John (2015). *Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims — Volume 2 G–L*. Walton on Thames: Red Kite. ISBN 978-1-906592-19-6.
* Hinchliffe, Peter (1999). *Schnaufer: Ace of Diamonds*. Brimscombe Port, UK: Tempus. ISBN 978-0-7524-1690-8.
* Obermaier, Ernst (1989). *Die Ritterkreuzträger der Luftwaffe Jagdflieger 1939 – 1945* \[*The Knight's Cross Bearers of the Luftwaffe Fighter Force 1939 – 1945*\] (in German). Mainz, Germany: Verlag Dieter Hoffmann. ISBN 978-3-87341-065-7.
* Patzwall, Klaus D.; Scherzer, Veit (2001). *Das Deutsche Kreuz 1941 – 1945 Geschichte und Inhaber Band II* \[*The German Cross 1941 – 1945 History and Recipients Volume 2*\] (in German). Norderstedt, Germany: Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall. ISBN 978-3-931533-45-8.
* Patzwall, Klaus D. (2008). *Der Ehrenpokal für besondere Leistung im Luftkrieg* \[*The Honor Goblet for Outstanding Achievement in the Air War*\] (in German). Norderstedt, Germany: Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall. ISBN 978-3-931533-08-3.
* Scherzer, Veit (2007). *Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives* \[*The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives*\] (in German). Jena, Germany: Scherzers Militaer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-938845-17-2.
* Williams, David P. (2011). *Hunters of the Reich: Night Fighters*. Gloucester: Spellmount. ISBN 978-0-7524-5961-5.
* Accident description for Halifax HR943 at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 28 September 2022.
* Accident description for Halifax JB804 at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 28 September 2022.
* Accident description for Halifax JB912 at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 28 September 2022.
* Accident description for Halifax LV816 at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 28 September 2022.
* Accident description for Lancaster ED499 at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 28 September 2022.
* Accident description for Lancaster ED858 at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 28 September 2022.
* Accident description for Lancaster JA704 at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 28 September 2022.
* Accident description for Lancaster JB223 at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 28 September 2022.
* Accident description for Lancaster JB703 at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 27 September 2022.
* Accident description for Lancaster LL743 at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 28 September 2022.
* Accident description for Lancaster PA980 at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 28 September 2022.
* Accident description for Stirling BK694 at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 27 September 2022.
* Accident description for Wellington HF594 at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 27 September 2022.

## InfoBox

| Werner Hoffmann | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1918-01-13)13 January 1918
Stettin |
| Died | 8 July 2011(2011-07-08) (aged 93)
Bremen |
| Allegiance | Nazi Germany |
| Service/branch | Luftwaffe |
| Years of service | 1936–45 |
| Rank | *Major* (major) |
| Unit | ZG 2
NJG 3
NJG 1
NJG 5 |
| Commands | I./Nachtjagdgeschwader 5 |
| Battles/wars | World War II |
| Awards | Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross |


title: Werner Hofmann (physicist)

abstract: Werner Hofmann is a German professor of physics. He is director of the Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics in Heidelberg.

text:
# Werner Hofmann (physicist)

**Werner Hofmann** (born November 11, 1952, in Baden-Baden) is a German professor of physics. He is director of the Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics in Heidelberg.

## Life and work

Hofmann studied physics at the University of Karlsruhe, completing his studies with a doctorate in 1977. In 1980 he wrote his Habilitationsschrift at the University of Dortmund. In 1981 he received a Heisenberg Scholarship and from 1984 to 1987 he worked as assistant and associate professor at the University of California, Berkeley, where he was appointed full professor of physics in 1987. Since 1988 he is director at the Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics in Heidelberg. In 1989 he also received an honorary professorship at the University of Heidelberg. Since 2010, he is a member of the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences.

Hofmann's research areas include astroparticle physics, specifically high-energy gamma-ray astrophysics of detectors on the ground; CP violation; physics of heavy quarks; neutrinoless double beta decay; QCD; quark and gluon fragmentation; and physics of jets. He is senior scientist in the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) experiment in Namibia.

According to Geoffrey C. Fox, Hofmann's 1981 monograph *Jets of Hadrons* is "thorough" and "well-written".

## Awards

In 2010, he received, with the H.E.S.S. team, the Bruno Rossi Prize. In 2015, he was awarded the Marian Smoluchowski Emil Warburg Prize of the Polish Physical Society and the German Physical Society, as well as the Yodh Prize of the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP). In 2016 he received the Stern–Gerlach Medal.

1. Fox, Geoffrey C. (1982). "Review of *Jets of Hadrons* by Werner Hofmann". *Physics Today*. **35** (9): 81. doi:10.1063/1.2915274.


title: Werner Hoffmeister

abstract: Werner Friedrich Hoffmeister was a German physician and botanist. He accompanied his childhood friend, Prince Friedrich Wilhelm Waldemar of Prussia,, son of Prince Wilhelm of Prussia (1783–1851), as a personal physician on an expedition 1845-46 to India and was fatally hit by a bullet in a skirmish with the Sikhs. Hoffmeister collected plants during the voyage, and when the expedition returned it did so with a comprehensive collection of meticulously pressed and annotated specimens, by Hoffmeister. Of the 456 species and 270 genera, some 108 were new to science. The botanists Johann Friedrich Klotzsch and Christian August Friedrich Garcke were assigned to examine and describe the material collected in India, a task which they completed in 1853, and published in 2 volumes in Berlin as Die Botanischen Ergebnisse der Reise seiner königl. Hoheit des Prinzen Waldemar von Preussen in den Jahren 1845 und 1846. Hoffmeister lived in Braunschweig until 1827, his father being the pastor at St. Petri, and then in Wolfenbüttel, when his father was appointed to the consistory council there. His interest in natural history dated back to his youth with frequent visits to the Harz Mountains and, after preparatory studies at the Collegium Carolinum in Braunschweig, and from 1839 medical studies in Berlin. After losing both parents, he was greatly influenced by his uncle, Martin Hinrich Lichtenstein. He continued his studies in Bonn and went on trips to the Rhine Valley, the Netherlands, southern France and Switzerland. In 1841 he was back in Berlin, and received his doctorate in medicine in 1843. He then went to London and Paris, searching for a position as doctor. On the recommendation of Humboldt, Hinrich Lichtenstein and Johann Lukas Schönlein, he became personal physician to Prince Waldemar of Prussia on his journey to India, which began in 1844, and about which he wrote a travelogue and on which he collected plants.

text:
# Werner Hoffmeister

**Werner Friedrich Hoffmeister** (14 March 1819 Braunschweig – 21. December 1845 Ferozeshah, Punjab) was a German physician and botanist. He accompanied his childhood friend, Prince Friedrich Wilhelm Waldemar of Prussia, (2 August 1817 – 17 February 1849), son of Prince Wilhelm of Prussia (1783–1851), as a personal physician on an expedition 1845-46 to India and was fatally hit by a bullet in a skirmish with the Sikhs.

Hoffmeister collected plants during the voyage, and when the expedition returned it did so with a comprehensive collection of meticulously pressed and annotated specimens, by Hoffmeister. Of the 456 species and 270 genera, some 108 were new to science. The botanists Johann Friedrich Klotzsch and Christian August Friedrich Garcke were assigned to examine and describe the material collected in India, a task which they completed in 1853, and published in 2 volumes in Berlin as *Die Botanischen Ergebnisse der Reise seiner königl. Hoheit des Prinzen Waldemar von Preussen in den Jahren 1845 und 1846*.

Hoffmeister lived in Braunschweig until 1827, his father being the pastor at St. Petri, and then in Wolfenbüttel, when his father was appointed to the consistory council there. His interest in natural history dated back to his youth with frequent visits to the Harz Mountains and, after preparatory studies at the Collegium Carolinum in Braunschweig, and from 1839 medical studies in Berlin.

After losing both parents, he was greatly influenced by his uncle, Martin Hinrich Lichtenstein. He continued his studies in Bonn and went on trips to the Rhine Valley, the Netherlands, southern France and Switzerland. In 1841 he was back in Berlin, and received his doctorate in medicine in 1843. He then went to London and Paris, searching for a position as doctor. On the recommendation of Humboldt, Hinrich Lichtenstein and Johann Lukas Schönlein, he became personal physician to Prince Waldemar of Prussia on his journey to India, which began in 1844, and about which he wrote a travelogue and on which he collected plants.

The standard author abbreviation Hoffmeister is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.


title: William Henry Egan

abstract: William Henry Egan was a British Labour politician who served as MP for Birkenhead West. Egan was active in the Labour Party in Birkenhead, and served as secretary of the town's trades council. He stood unsuccessfully in Birkenhead West at the 1918 and 1922 United Kingdom general elections, before winning the seat in 1923. Although he lost it in 1924, he regained it in 1929, before finally losing it in 1931. Egan also served on Birkenhead Town Council, and was Mayor of Birkenhead in 1939/40 and 1941/42.

text:
# William Henry Egan

**William Henry Egan** (14 February 1869 – 10 September 1943) was a British Labour politician who served as MP for Birkenhead West.

Egan was active in the Labour Party in Birkenhead, and served as secretary of the town's trades council. He stood unsuccessfully in Birkenhead West at the 1918 and 1922 United Kingdom general elections, before winning the seat in 1923. Although he lost it in 1924, he regained it in 1929, before finally losing it in 1931.

Egan also served on Birkenhead Town Council, and was Mayor of Birkenhead in 1939/40 and 1941/42.

1. Stenton, Michael; Lees, Stephen (1979). *Who's Who of British Members of Parliament*. Vol. III. Brighton: Harvester Press. pp. 105–106. ISBN 0855273259.


title: Ângela Almeida

abstract: Ângela Maria Bento Rodrigues Nunes Saraiva de Almeida is a Portuguese politician. As a member of the Social Democratic Party (PSD), she was elected as a deputy to the 16th legislature of the Assembly of the Republic of Portugal in 2024.

text:
# Ângela Almeida

**Ângela Maria Bento Rodrigues Nunes Saraiva de Almeida** (born 1971) is a Portuguese politician. As a member of the Social Democratic Party (PSD), she was elected as a deputy to the 16th legislature of the Assembly of the Republic of Portugal in 2024.

## Early life and education

Almeida was born on 10 August 1971. She obtained a degree in Portuguese, Greek and Latin and has worked as a teacher. At the time of her election, she was member of the board of directors of the National Association of Parishes (ANAFRE) and was mayor of Esgueira, a parish in the Aveiro Municipality.

## Political career

As a member of the PSD, Almeida became a member of the Esgueira parish council in 2009 and the mayor in 2013. She was re-elected as mayor in 2017 and in 2021. In the 2024 national election, following the resignation of the Socialist prime minister António Costa, the PSD formed an alliance for the election with two smaller parties, known as the Democratic Alliance (AD). Almeida was chosen to be third on the AD list of candidates for the Aveiro constituency. The AD won seven of the 16 seats available, and she was duly elected to the Assembly.

Within the Assembly she was appointed to be a member of the Education and Science Committee. Her first two interventions on the floor of the Assembly were to argue for the gradual reduction of road tolls and to recommend that the Government evaluate the reimbursement of the costs of a specific food supplement for people with Crohn's disease.

## InfoBox

| Ângela Maria Bento Rodrigues Nunes Saraiva de Almeida | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Assembly of the Republic | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
24 March 2024 | |
| Constituency | Aveiro |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1971-08-10) 10 August 1971
Portugal |
| Political party | Social Democratic Party (PSD) |
| Occupation | Language teacher |
|  | |


title: Xu Shaohua (actor)

abstract: Xu Shaohua is a Chinese actor best known for his role as Tang Sanzang in the 1986 television series Journey to the West. Xu is the Vice-President of Shandong Theatre and Shandong Dramatist association.

text:
# Xu Shaohua (actor)

**Xu Shaohua** (Chinese: 徐少华; born 1958) is a Chinese actor best known for his role as Tang Sanzang in the 1986 television series *Journey to the West*. Xu is the Vice-President of Shandong Theatre and Shandong Dramatist association.

## Life

Xu was born in Huangdao District of Qingdao city, Shandong province in 1958. Xu aspired to act from an early age and he studied dance during his early years. After the Cultural Revolution. On 6 November 1976, at the age of 18, Xu moved to Jinan from Qingdao, he lived in Jinan about 34 years. Xu entered Shandong University of Arts in August 1985, majoring in acting.

Xu rose to fame after portraying Tang Sanzang in *Journey to the West*, a historical television series starring Chi Zhongrui, Zhang Jinlai, Ma Dehua, Wang Yue, Yan Huaili, Cui Jingfu and Liu Dagang.

In 1983, Xu appeared in *Outlaws of the Marsh*, based on the novel by the same name by Shi Nai'an.

In 1994, Xu co-starred in the *Romance of the Three Kingdoms* as Zhang Liao, a television series adaptation based on the novel of the same name by Luo Guanzhong.

Xu also acted as Tang Sanzang or his historical prototype Xuanzang in several television series, such as *Tang Xuanzang* (1998), *Love Legend of the Tang Dynasty* (2001) and *Carol of Zhenguan* (2007).

## Personal life

Xu married Yang Kun (杨琨), their daughter, Xu Lu (徐露), was born in 1987.

## Filmography

### Film

| Year | English title | Chinese title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1983 | *Pure change* | 精变 | Yuan Feng |  |
| 1991 | *A Monk in Bif City* | 都市和尚 | The margin of mage |  |
| 2008 | *One Hundred Yuan* | 小胡同大尊严 | Mr. Long |  |
| 2008 | *The Legend of Qi Shan Mountain* | 棋山传奇 |  |  |
| 2013 | *Jingzhi Transportation Station* | 景芝交通站 | Wang Anzhi |  |
| 2016 | *Stage* | 舞台 | guest |  |
| 2018 | *Environmenta Lists* | 环保硬汉 | Wang Tongdao |  |
| 2019 | *Youth* | 误入青春 | Bai Kaiyuan |  |

### Television

| Year | English title | Chinese title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1982 | *Journey to the West* | 西游记 | Tang Sanzang |  |
| 1983 | *Outlaws of the Marsh* | 水浒传 | Chen Xing |  |
| 1986 | *Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio* | 聊斋 | Meng Wutou/ Meng Sheng |  |
| 1989 | *The War of Tai'erzhuang* | 血泉 | Fu Jianxing |  |
| 1992 | *Xi Shi* | 西施 | Fan Li |  |
| 1993 |  | 武夷仙凡界 | A Yong |  |
| 1994 | *Romance of the Three Kingdoms* | 三国演义 | Zhang Liao |  |
| 1995 | *Si Maqian* | 司马迁 | Xu Rang |  |
| 1998 | *Journey to the West* | 西游记续集 | Tang Sanzang |  |
| 1998 | *Tang Sanzang* | 唐玄奘 | Xuanzang |  |
| 2001 | *Love Legend of the Tang Dynasty* | 大唐情史 | Xuanzang |  |
| 2007 | *Carol of Zhenguan* | 贞观长歌 | Xuanzang |  |

## InfoBox

| Xu Shaohua | |
| --- | --- |
| 徐少华 | |
| Born | 1958 (age 6566)<br>Huangdao District, Qingdao, Shandong, China |
| Alma mater | Shandong University of Arts |
| Occupation | Actor |
| Years active | 1982-present |
| Notable work | *Journey to the West* |
| Spouse | Yang Kun |
| Children | Daughter: Xu Lu |
|  | |
|  | |
| Chinese name | |
| Traditional Chinese |  |
| Simplified Chinese |  |
| Transcriptions  Standard Mandarin  Hanyu Pinyin Xú Shàohuá | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Melectini

abstract: The Melectini are a tribe of medium- to large-sized cuckoo bees in the family Apidae, found essentially worldwide. They are brood parasites of the related typical digger bees (Anthophorini) and occasionally visit flowers. As in other cuckoo bees, females can be easily distinguished from those of their hosts by the lack of scopae and other pollen-collecting adaptations, as well as lacking prepygidial fimbria and basitibial plates. Their body hair is rather short and on the abdomen lies flat against the exoskeleton. They may, therefore, be difficult at first glance to distinguish from the Nomadinae, but the details of their wing venation are characteristic: the marginal cell is shorter than the first two submarginal cells, and the second abscissa of vein M+Cu is extremely short, with the cells it connects being almost adjacent to each other. The jugal lobes are very small, less than half as long as the vannal lobes.

text:
# Melectini

The **Melectini** are a tribe of medium- to large-sized cuckoo bees in the family Apidae, found essentially worldwide. They are brood parasites of the related typical digger bees (Anthophorini) and occasionally visit flowers.

As in other cuckoo bees, females can be easily distinguished from those of their hosts by the lack of scopae and other pollen-collecting adaptations, as well as lacking prepygidial fimbria and basitibial plates. Their body hair is rather short and on the abdomen lies flat against the exoskeleton. They may, therefore, be difficult at first glance to distinguish from the Nomadinae, but the details of their wing venation are characteristic: the marginal cell is shorter than the first two submarginal cells, and the second abscissa of vein M+Cu is extremely short, with the cells it connects being almost adjacent to each other. The jugal lobes are very small, less than half as long as the vannal lobes.

## Genera

These bee genera belong to the Melectini:

Some of these (*Afromelecta, Melecta*) have subgenera which some authors may consider independent genera.

## InfoBox

| Melectini | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Thyreus nitidulus* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Apidae |
| Subfamily: | Apinae |
| Tribe: | Melectini<br>Westwood, 1839 |
|
| Genera | |
| 9, see text | |


title: Dharumapuram Yazhmoorinathar Temple

abstract: Dharumapuram Yazhmoorinathar Temple is a Hindu temple located at Dharmapuram near Karaikal, an enclave of the Union Territory of Pondicherry, in Southern India. The presiding deity is Shiva, called as Yazh Moori Nathar. His consort is known as Thenamirthavalli.

text:
# Dharumapuram Yazhmoorinathar Temple

**Dharumapuram Yazhmoorinathar Temple** (in Tamil : தருமபுரம் யாழ்மூரிநாதர் கோயில்) is a Hindu temple located at Dharmapuram near Karaikal, an enclave of the Union Territory of Pondicherry, in Southern India. The presiding deity is Shiva, called as Yazh Moori Nathar. His consort is known as Thenamirthavalli.

## Significance

Front mandapa, Amman shrine

It is one of the shrines of the 275 Paadal Petra Sthalams \- Shiva Sthalams glorified in the early medieval *Tevaram* poems by the Tamil Saivite *Nayanar* Tirugnanasambandar.

## Literary mention

Tirugnanasambandar describes the feature of the deity as:

> நேரும வர்க்குணரப் புகி லில்லைநெ டுஞ்சடைக் கடும் புனல் படந் திடம் படுவ்வதொர் நிலையர்
>
> பேரும வர்க்கெனையா யிர முன்னைப்பி றப்பிறப் பிலா தவருடற் றடர்த் தபெற்றியா ரறிவார்
> ஆர வர்க்கழல்வா யதொர் நாகம ழஃகுறவ் வெழுஃ கொழும் மலர் கொள்பொன் னிதழிநல் லலங்கல்
>
> தாரம வர்க்கிமவான் மக ளூர்வது போர்விடை கடிபடு செடி பொழிற் றருமபு ரம்பதியே.


# List of justices of the Supreme Court of California

The Supreme Court of California is the highest judicial body in the state and sits at the apex of the judiciary of California. Its membership consists of the Chief Justice of California and six associate justices who are nominated by the Governor of California and appointed after confirmation by the California Commission on Judicial Appointments. The Commission consists of the Chief Justice, the Attorney General of California, and the state's senior presiding justice of the California Courts of Appeal; the senior Associate Justice fills the Chief Justice's spot on the commission when a new Chief Justice is nominated. Justices of the Supreme Court serve 12-year terms and receive a salary which is currently set at $250,075 per year for the Chief Justice and between $228,703 and $236,260 per year for each associate justice.

Under the 1849 Constitution of California, the Supreme Court had a chief justice and two associate justices, with six-year terms of office. An 1862 constitutional amendment expanded the Court to a Chief Justice and four associate justices, with 10-year terms. Since the adoption of the 1879 Constitution, the Court has had a chief justice and six associate justices, with 12-year terms.

The 1849 Constitution specified that the first Supreme Court justices would be appointed by the Legislature and that the justices would be subject to partisan direct elections from that point forward. The Governor could appoint justices in the event of a vacancy on the Court in between the elections. In 1910, elections for the Supreme Court became nonpartisan. In 1934, the state implemented the present system of gubernatorial appointment with retention elections, replacing the direct election of justices.

## List of justices

* Chief Justice Jackson Temple did not seek re-election in 1871, was elected as an associate justice in 1886 but resigned in 1889, and was again elected as an associate justice in 1895 serving (until his death in 1902). Therefore, he is listed three times.
* *  denotes justices who served as chief justice for at least part of their tenure on the court while   denotes currently-serving justices.

| Name | Assumed office | Vacated office | Appointed by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| S. Clinton Hastings* | December 22, 1849 | January 1, 1852 | Legislature |
| Nathaniel Bennett | December 26, 1849 | October 3, 1851 | Legislature |
| Henry A. Lyons* | December 26, 1849 | March 31, 1852 | Legislature |
| Hugh Murray* | October 11, 1851 | September 18, 1857 | John McDougall |
| Solomon Heydenfeldt | January 20, 1852 | January 6, 1857 | Direct election |
| Alexander O. Anderson | April 6, 1852 | November 2, 1852 | John Bigler |
| Alexander Wells | January 3, 1853 | October 31, 1854 | Direct election |
| Charles Henry Bryan | November 24, 1854 | November 15, 1855 | John Bigler |
| David S. Terry* | November 15, 1855 | September 12, 1859 | Direct election |
| Peter Hardeman Burnett | January 13, 1857 | October 12, 1857 | J. N. Johnson |
| Stephen Johnson Field* | October 13, 1857 | May 20, 1863 | J. N. Johnson |
| Joseph G. Baldwin | October 2, 1858 | January 2, 1862 | Direct election |
| Warner Cope* | September 20, 1859 | January 2, 1864 | John B. Weller |
| Edward Norton | December 18, 1861 | January 2, 1864 | Direct election |
| Edwin B. Crocker | May 21, 1863 | January 2, 1864 | Leland Stanford |
| John Currey* | January 2, 1864 | January 6, 1868 | Direct election |
| Augustus Rhodes* | January 2, 1864 | January 5, 1880 | Direct election |
| Silas Sanderson* | January 2, 1864 | January 4, 1870 | Direct election |
| Lorenzo Sawyer* | January 2, 1864 | January 10, 1870 | Direct election |
| Oscar L. Shafter | January 2, 1864 | December 11, 1867 | Direct election |
| Joseph B. Crockett | December 1867 | January 5, 1880 | Henry Huntly Haight |
| Royal T. Sprague* | January 6, 1868 | February 24, 1872 | Direct election |
| William T. Wallace | January 10, 1870 | January 5, 1880 | Direct election |
| Jackson Temple | January 10, 1870 | January 1, 1872 | Henry Huntly Haight |
| Addison Niles | January 1, 1872 | January 5, 1880 | Direct election |
| Isaac S. Belcher | March 4, 1872 | January 5, 1874 | Newton Booth |
| Elisha W. McKinstry | January 5, 1874 | October 1, 1888 | Direct election |
| Robert F. Morrison* | January 5, 1880 | March 2, 1887 | Direct election |
| Samuel B. McKee | January 5, 1880 | January 3, 1887 | Direct election |
| Milton H. Myrick | January 5, 1880 | January 3, 1887 | Direct election |
| Erskine M. Ross | January 5, 1880 | October 1, 1886 | Direct election |
| John Sharpstein | January 5, 1880 | December 28, 1892 | Direct election |
| James D. Thornton | January 5, 1880 | January 5, 1891 | Direct election |
| Jackson Temple | December 13, 1886 | June 25, 1889 | Direct election |
| Van R. Paterson | December 22, 1886 | May 3, 1894 | Direct election |
| Thomas Bard McFarland | December 28, 1886 | September 1908 | Direct election |
| Niles Searls* | April 20, 1887 | November 6, 1888 | Washington Bartlett |
| John D. Works | October 2, 1888 | January 5, 1891 | Robert Waterman |
| William H. Beatty* | November 6, 1888 | August 4, 1914 | Direct election |
| Charles N. Fox | June 25, 1889 | January 7, 1895 | Robert Waterman |
| John J. De Haven | December 18, 1890 | January 7, 1895 | Direct election |
| Charles H. Garoute | December 19, 1890 | January 5, 1903 | Direct election |
| Ralph C. Harrison | December 20, 1890 | January 5, 1903 | Direct election |
| William F. Fitzgerald | February 2, 1893 | January 7, 1895 | Henry Markham |
| William C. Van Fleet | May 7, 1894 | January 3, 1899 | Henry Markham |
| Frederick W. Henshaw | December 29, 1894 | January 1, 1918 | Direct election |
| Jackson Temple | January 7, 1895 | December 25, 1902 | Direct election |
| Walter Van Dyke | December 22, 1898 | December 25, 1905 | Direct election |
| Frank M. Angellotti* | December 11, 1902 | November 15, 1921 | Direct election |
| Lucien Shaw* | December 11, 1902 | January 1923 | Direct election |
| William G. Lorigan | January 7, 1903 | January 1919 | Henry Gage |
| M. C. Sloss | December 19, 1906 | March 1, 1919 | George Pardee |
| Henry A. Melvin | September 28, 1908 | December 1920 | Direct election |
| Matt Sullivan* | August 22, 1914 | January 4, 1915 | Hiram Johnson |
| William P. Lawlor | January 3, 1915 | July 25, 1926 | Direct election |
| Curtis D. Wilbur* | January 1, 1918 | March 19, 1924 | William Stephens |
| Thomas J. Lennon | December 20, 1918 | August 14, 1926 | Direct election |
| Warren Olney Jr. | March 1, 1919 | July 1921 | William Stephens |
| William A. Sloane | May 15, 1920 | January 7, 1923 | William Stephens |
| Charles A. Shurtleff | July 2, 1921 | December 1922 | William Stephens |
| William H. Waste* | November 25, 1921 | June 6, 1940 | William Stephens |
| Terry W. Ward | December 19, 1922 | January 8, 1923 | Direct election |
| Frank H. Kerrigan | January 8, 1923 | February 11, 1924 | Direct election |
| Emmett Seawell | January 8, 1923 | July 7, 1939 | Direct election |
| Louis Wescott Myers* | January 15, 1923 | January 1, 1926 | Friend Richardson |
| John E. Richards | February 11, 1924 | December 1932 | Friend Richardson |
| John W. Shenk | April 14, 1924 | August 3, 1959 | Friend Richardson |
| Jesse W. Curtis Sr. | January 1, 1926 | January 1, 1945 | Friend Richardson |
| Frank G. Finlayson | October 4, 1926 | December 11, 1926 | Friend Richardson |
| Jeremiah F. Sullivan | November 22, 1926 | December 1926 | Friend Richardson |
| John W. Preston | December 27, 1926 | October 6, 1935 | Direct election |
| William Langdon | January 4, 1927 | August 1939 | Direct election |
| Ira F. Thompson | December 31, 1932 | August 4, 1937 | James Rolph Jr. |
| Nathaniel P. Conrey | October 6, 1935 | November 2, 1936 | Frank Merriam |
| Douglas L. Edmonds | November 23, 1936 | December 31, 1955 | Frank Merriam |
| Frederick W. Houser | October 1, 1937 | October 12, 1942 | Frank Merriam |
| Jesse W. Carter | September 12, 1939 | March 15, 1959 | Culbert Olson |
| Phil S. Gibson* | October 2, 1939 | August 30, 1964 | Culbert Olson |
| Roger J. Traynor* | August 13, 1940 | January 31, 1970 | Culbert Olson |
| B. Rey Schauer | December 18, 1942 | September 15, 1964 | Culbert Olson |
| Homer R. Spence | January 2, 1945 | June 1, 1960 | Earl Warren |
| Marshall F. McComb | January 3, 1956 | May 3, 1977 | Goodwin Knight |
| Raymond E. Peters | March 25, 1959 | January 2, 1973 | Pat Brown |
| Thomas P. White | August 25, 1959 | October 31, 1962 | Pat Brown |
| Maurice T. Dooling Jr. | June 30, 1960 | June 30, 1962 | Pat Brown |
| Mathew Tobriner | July 2, 1962 | January 20, 1981 | Pat Brown |
| Paul Peek | December 2, 1962 | December 16, 1966 | Pat Brown |
| Stanley Mosk | September 1, 1964 | June 19, 2001 | Pat Brown |
| Louis H. Burke | November 20, 1964 | November 30, 1974 | Pat Brown |
| Raymond L. Sullivan | December 20, 1966 | January 19, 1977 | Pat Brown |
| Donald Wright* | April 17, 1970 | February 1, 1977 | Ronald Reagan |
| William P. Clark Jr. | March 23, 1973 | March 24, 1981 | Ronald Reagan |
| Frank K. Richardson | December 2, 1974 | December 2, 1983 | Ronald Reagan |
| Wiley Manuel | March 24, 1977 | January 5, 1981 | Jerry Brown |
| Rose Bird* | March 26, 1977 | January 5, 1987 | Jerry Brown |
| Frank C. Newman | July 16, 1977 | December 13, 1982 | Jerry Brown |
| Otto Kaus | July 21, 1981 | October 16, 1985 | Jerry Brown |
| Allen Broussard | July 22, 1981 | August 31, 1991 | Jerry Brown |
| Cruz Reynoso | February 11, 1982 | January 4, 1987 | Jerry Brown |
| Joseph Grodin | December 27, 1982 | January 5, 1987 | Jerry Brown |
| Malcolm M. Lucas* | April 6, 1984 | May 1, 1996 | George Deukmejian |
| Edward A. Panelli | December 24, 1985 | May 3, 1994 | George Deukmejian |
| John Arguelles | March 18, 1987 | March 1, 1989 | George Deukmejian |
| David Eagleson | March 18, 1987 | January 6, 1991 | George Deukmejian |
| Marcus Kaufman | March 18, 1987 | January 31, 1990 | George Deukmejian |
| Joyce L. Kennard | April 5, 1989 | April 5, 2014 | George Deukmejian |
| Armand Arabian | March 1, 1990 | March 1, 1996 | George Deukmejian |
| Marvin R. Baxter | January 7, 1991 | January 5, 2015 | George Deukmejian |
| Ronald M. George* | September 3, 1991 | January 3, 2011 | Pete Wilson |
| Kathryn Werdegar | May 3, 1994 | August 31, 2017 | Pete Wilson |
| Janice Rogers Brown | May 2, 1996 | June 30, 2005 | Pete Wilson |
| Ming Chin | March 1, 1996 | August 31, 2020 | Pete Wilson |
| Carlos R. Moreno | October 18, 2001 | February 28, 2011 | Gray Davis |
| Carol Corrigan | January 4, 2006 | Present | Arnold Schwarzenegger |
| Tani Cantil-Sakauye* | January 3, 2011 | January 1, 2023 | Arnold Schwarzenegger |
| Goodwin Liu | September 1, 2011 | Present | Jerry Brown |
| Mariano-Florentino Cuéllar | January 5, 2015 | October 31, 2021 | Jerry Brown |
| Leondra R. Kruger | January 5, 2015 | Present | Jerry Brown |
| Joshua P. Groban | January 3, 2019 | Present | Jerry Brown |
| Martin Jenkins | December 4, 2020 | Present | Gavin Newsom |
| Patricia Guerrero* | March 29, 2022 | Present | Gavin Newsom |
| Kelli Evans | January 2, 2023 | Present | Gavin Newsom |

## Sources


title: Tony Kinloch

abstract: Tony Kinloch is a British academic and educator. He is a faculty member at the Department of Mechanical Engineering of Imperial College London and is a visiting professor at the Universities of New South Wales and Sydney.

text:
# Tony Kinloch

**Tony Kinloch** (born 7 October 1946) is a British academic and educator. He is a faculty member at the Department of Mechanical Engineering of Imperial College London and is a visiting professor at the Universities of New South Wales and Sydney.

## Education

Kinloch attended the Queen Mary College, University of London, and was awarded his Ph.D. in 1972 on Mechanics of Adhesive Failure, supervised by Edgar Andrews and A.N. Gent.

## Achievements

During his time at Imperial College, Kinloch has published over three hundred patents and papers, writing and editing seven books. Between 2007 & 2012 he was the Head of the Department of Mechanical Engineering and under his supervision over fifty students obtained their Ph.D.

## Awards

* 1992 - US Adhesion Society 3M Award for 'Excellence in Adhesion Science'
* 1994 - Adhesion Society of Japan Award for Distinguished Contributions to the Development of Adhesion Science and Technology
* 1995 - Elected as 'R.L. Patrick Fellow' of the Adhesion Society
* 1996 - Awarded the 'A. A . Griffith Medal and Prize' from the Institute of Materials, UK
* 1997 - Elected a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering
* 1997 - Awarded the 'Hawksley Gold Medal' from the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, UK.
* 2001 - Invitation to give 'The Dow Honorary Lecture' of the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA.
* 2002 - Awarded The 'Wake Memorial Medal' from the Institute of Materials, UK 2002 - 'R & D Scientist of the Year' by the US Adhesives Age Journal.
* 2002-2004 - Elected President of the US Adhesion Society
* 2007 - Elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society.
* 2009 - Awarded 'The Royal Society Armourers & Brasiers' Company Prize for ‘Excellence in Materials Science and Technology’ and the 'Le Prix Dédale de la Sociéte Française d’Adhesion'
* 2016 - Elected a Fellow of the European Structural Integrity Society
* 2017 - Elected a Fellow of the International Congress of Fracture
* 2021 - Presented with The Presidents Award from the US Adhesion Society
* 2023 - Awarded the ´Alan Cottrell Gold Medal´from the International Congress on Fracture

## InfoBox

| Tony Kinloch | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1946-10-07) 7 October 1946 |
| Nationality | British |
| Awards |  |
|  | |
| Academic background | |
| Education | PhD |
| Alma mater | Queen Mary College, University of London |
| Thesis | *Mechanics of Adhesive Failure* (1972) |
| Doctoral advisor |  |
| Academic work | |
| Discipline | Mechanical Engineering |
| Sub-discipline | Adhesion |
| Institutions | Imperial College London |
|  | |


title: Still White Danube Undulates

abstract: "Тих бял Дунав се вълнува" also known as the Botev March, is a popular Bulgarian patriotic song. The lyrics are based on that of a poem by Ivan Vazov titled Radetzky after the steamship seized by the rebels. The storyline recounts a historically accurate incident from the Bulgarian struggles against Ottoman rule, which has earned the status of modern myth for Bulgarians, to some degree due to this song. On 29 May 1876 Bulgarian revolutionary and poet Hristo Botev at the head of 205-strong company of rebels seized control of the Austro-Hungarian passenger steamship Radetzky by armed force and used it to cross the Danube from Romania to the Bulgarian territories of the Ottoman Empire in order to join the April Uprising. Dagobert Engländer, Captain of the Radetzky, later recounted that "he had rarely met a man so impressive or energetic as Botev". The melody was composed by vocalist Ivan Karadzhov, according to his biography. In some performances of the song, the fourth verse is omitted.

text:
# Still White Danube Undulates

**"Тих бял Дунав се вълнува"** ("**Still White Danube Undulates**") also known as the **Botev March**, is a popular Bulgarian patriotic song. The lyrics are based on that of a poem by Ivan Vazov titled *Radetzky* after the steamship seized by the rebels. The storyline recounts a historically accurate incident from the Bulgarian struggles against Ottoman rule, which has earned the status of modern myth for Bulgarians, to some degree due to this song. On 29 May 1876 Bulgarian revolutionary and poet Hristo Botev at the head of 205-strong company of rebels seized control of the Austro-Hungarian passenger steamship Radetzky by armed force and used it to cross the Danube from Romania to the Bulgarian territories of the Ottoman Empire in order to join the April Uprising. Dagobert Engländer, Captain of the Radetzky, later recounted that "he had rarely met a man so impressive or energetic as Botev". The melody was composed by vocalist Ivan Karadzhov, according to his biography. In some performances of the song, the fourth verse is omitted.

## Text

| Bulgarian original | Transliteration | English translation |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Тих бял Дунав се вълнува**
Тих бял Дунав се вълнува,
весело шуми
(и "Радецки" гордо плува
над златни вълни) x2
но кога се там съзирва козлодуйски бряг,
(в парахода рог изсвирва,
развя се байряк.) x2
Млади български юнаци
явяват се там,
(на чела им левски знаци,
в очите им плам.) x2
Горд отпреде им застана
младият им вожд -
па си дума капитану
с гол в ръката нож:
\- Аз съм български войвода
момци ми са тез.
(Ний летиме за свобода,
кръв да лейме днес.) x2
Ний летиме на България
помощ да дадем
(и от тежка тирания
да я отървем.) x2 | ***Tih bjal Dunav se vǎlnuva***
Tih bjal Dunav se vǎlnuva,
veselo šumi
(i Radetzki gordo pluva
nad zlatni vǎlni) x2
No koga se tam sǎzirva kozlodujski brjag,
(v parahoda rog izsvirva,
razvja se bajrak.) x2
Mladi bǎlgarski junaci
javjavat se tam
(na čela im levski znaci
v očite im plam) x2
Gord otprede im zastana
mladijat im vožd
pa si duma kapitanu
s gol v rakata nož:
-Az sǎm Bǎlgarski vojvoda
momci mi sa tez
(nij letime za svoboda
krǎv da lejme dnes.) x2
Nij letime za Bǎlgaria
pomošt da dadem
(i ot težka tiranija
da ja otǎrvem) x2 | ***Tranquil White Danube Trembles***
Tranquil, white Danube trembles,
jolly drubbing,
(And Radetzky proudly sails,
Upon resplendent waves.) x2
Withal glittering Kozloduy shore
(A horn apprises the Steamer,
A flag is thus unfurled.) x2
Dear, young Bulgarian Heroes
Emerge thither thy,
(On their foreheads lion marks,
and in their eyes ardour.) x2
Proudly there erect before them,
Their leader young,
And thus spoke he to the captain
Holding knife bare.
‘I am a Bulgarian voivod,
And these are all my men.
(We fight now for liberation,
blood to spill today.) x2
We are fighting for Bulgaria,
Proudly devote our succour,
(And from tyranny oppressive
extricate her today.') x2 |

1. Bezovska, Albena (2 Jun 2015). "Still White Danube: the story of a great rebel song - Music". *BNR*. Archived from the original on 23 October 2017. Retrieved 23 Oct 2017.
2. Безовска, Албена (2 Jun 2015). "Историята на "Тих бял Дунав"" \[The history of "Still White Danube"\]. *БНР* (in Bulgarian). Archived from the original on 23 October 2017. Retrieved 23 Oct 2017.
3. Ivanova, Miglena (2 Jun 2015). "Aboard Radetzky steamship towards free Bulgaria". *BNR*. Archived from the original on 26 February 2017. Retrieved 24 Oct 2017.
4. Иванова, Миглена (2 Jun 2015). "С кораба "Радецки" към свободна България" \[With the ship "Radetzky" to a free Bulgaria\]. *БНР* (in Bulgarian). Archived from the original on 24 October 2017. Retrieved 24 Oct 2017.
5. vaskoninja (6 Apr 2008). "Тих Бял Дунав се вълнува". *YouTube*. Archived from the original on 2021-12-21. Retrieved 25 Oct 2017.
6. saromon1989 (22 May 2008). "Тих Бял Дунав". *YouTube*. Archived from the original on 2021-12-21. Retrieved 25 Oct 2017.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)


title: Steve Sumarah

abstract: Steven Sumarah is the head coach of the Saint Mary's Huskies of U Sports football. He has also been the head coach of the Canada National Junior Football Team since 2016. As the head coach, he led Team Canada to a IFAF World Junior Championship in 2018 with a 13-7 win over Team Mexico in Mexico City.

text:
# Steve Sumarah

**Steven Sumarah** is the head coach of the Saint Mary's Huskies of U Sports football. He has also been the head coach of the Canada National Junior Football Team since 2016. As the head coach, he led Team Canada to a IFAF World Junior Championship in 2018 with a 13-7 win over Team Mexico in Mexico City.

## Coaching career

After serving as offensive coordinator for the Saint Mary's Huskies for eight seasons, Sumarah was promoted to head coach of the program in 2006. He led the team to four straight Loney Bowl championships including an appearance in the 2007 Vanier Cup game. He was named coach of the year in 2009.

After his dismissal from the Huskies, he was hired on January 16, 2012 to become the head coach of the Carleton Ravens, who began play in 2013. He was the head coach of the Ravens for eight seasons where he had a record of 29–33 before being dismissed on January 12, 2022.

On February 2, 2022, it was announced that Sumarah had been hired as the offensive coordinator for the UBC Thunderbirds, reuniting him with former Huskies head coach, Blake Nill. However, following the resignation of Saint Mary's Huskies' head coach James Colzie in April 2022, Sumarah was hired to return to the Huskies football program as the team's head coach on June 8, 2022.

## Personal life

Sumarah lives in Halifax with his wife, Amanda Hardiman, and has one daughter, Brooke, and two stepchildren, Ryan and Brianna.

## InfoBox

Steve Sumarah
| Saint Mary's Huskies | |
| --- | --- |
| Born: | Halifax, Nova Scotia |
| Career information | |
| Position(s) | Head coach |
| University | St. Francis Xavier |
| Career history | |
| As coach | |
| 1998–2005 | Saint Mary's Huskies (OC) |
| 2006–2011 | Saint Mary's Huskies (HC) |
| 2012–2021 | Carleton Ravens (HC) |
| 2022 | UBC Thunderbirds (OC)\* |
| 2022–present | Saint Mary's Huskies (HC) |
| \*Offseason only | |
|  | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
|  | |
| Awards | 2009 CIS Coach of the Year |


title: Stomina tachinoides

abstract: Stomina tachinoides is a species of fly in the family Tachinidae.

text:
# Stomina tachinoides

***Stomina tachinoides*** is a species of fly in the family Tachinidae.

## Distribution

Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Ukraine, Finland, Sweden, Andorra, Bulgaria, Corse, Croatia, Italy, Portugal, Serbia, Slovenia, Spain, Turkey, Austria, France, Germany, Switzerland, Israel, Palestine, Mongolia, Russia.

## InfoBox

| *Stomina tachinoides* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Tachinidae |
| Subfamily: | Dexiinae |
| Tribe: | Voriini |
| Genus: | *Stomina* |
| Species: | ***S. tachinoides*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Stomina tachinoides***<br>(Fallén, 1817) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
|  | |


title: Stomis pumicatus

abstract: Stomis pumicatus is a species of ground beetle native to Europe.

text:
# Stomis pumicatus

***Stomis pumicatus*** is a species of ground beetle native to Europe.

## InfoBox

| *Stomis pumicatus* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Carabidae |
| Genus: | *Stomis* |
| Species: | ***S. pumicatus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Stomis pumicatus***<br>(Panzer, 1795) | |
|


title: Stomis

abstract: Stomis is a genus of woodland ground beetles in the family Carabidae. There are more than 40 described species in Stomis.

text:
# Stomis

***Stomis*** is a genus of woodland ground beetles in the family Carabidae. There are more than 40 described species in *Stomis*.

## Species

These 42 species belong to the genus *Stomis*:

## InfoBox

| *Stomis* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Stomis pumicatus* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Carabidae |
| Subfamily: | Pterostichinae |
| Tribe: | Pterostichini |
| Genus: | *Stomis*<br>Clairville, 1806 |
|
| Subgenera | |
| * *Neostomis* Bousquet, 1983 * *Stomis* Clairville, 1806 | |


title: West Bona Site

abstract: The West Bona Site is an archaeological site near Santa Rita on the island of Guam. It encompasses a prehistoric village site consisting of at least seven latte stone house sites. Most of them are not in good condition, although the largest, with twelve stones, is in good condition. Radiocarbon dating places early occupation of the site to between 1285 and 1435, reaching its height around 1500. The site is on the grounds of Naval Station Guam. The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.

text:
# West Bona Site

The **West Bona Site** (also spelled "Bonya") is an archaeological site near Santa Rita on the island of Guam. It encompasses a prehistoric village site consisting of at least seven latte stone house sites. Most of them are not in good condition, although the largest, with twelve stones, is in good condition. Radiocarbon dating places early occupation of the site to between 1285 and 1435, reaching its height around 1500. The site is on the grounds of Naval Station Guam.

The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| West Bona Site | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| Undated US Navy photo | |
| Location | Address restricted |
| Nearest city | Santa Rita, Guam |
| Area | 3 acres (1.2 ha) |
| NRHP reference No. | 79003746 |
| Added to NRHP | March 26, 1979 |


title: Çamoluk District

abstract: Çamoluk District is a district of the Giresun Province of Turkey. Its seat is the town of Çamoluk. Its area is 444 km⁲, and its population is 6,469 (2022).

text:
# Çamoluk District

**Çamoluk District** is a district of the Giresun Province of Turkey. Its seat is the town of Çamoluk. Its area is 444 km2, and its population is 6,469 (2022).

## Composition

There is one municipality in Çamoluk District:

There are 27 villages in Çamoluk District:

* Akyapı
* Bayır
* Çakılkaya
* Daldibi
* Eğnir
* Fındıklı
* Gücer
* Gürçalı
* Hacıahmetoğlu
* Hacıören
* Kaledere
* Karadikmen
* Kayacık
* Kaynar
* Kılıçtutan
* Koçak
* Kutluca
* Okçaören
* Ozanköy
* Pınarlı
* Sarpkaya
* Taşçılar
* Taşdemir
* Usluca
* Yenice
* Yeniköy
* Yusufeli

## InfoBox

| Çamoluk District | |
| --- | --- |
| District | |
| Map showing Çamoluk District in Giresun Province | |
| Çamoluk DistrictLocation in Turkey | |
| Coordinates: 40°08′N 38°44′E / 40.133°N 38.733°E / 40.133; 38.733 | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Giresun |
| Seat | Çamoluk |
| Government | |
| Kaymakam | Furkan Berber |
| Area | 444 km2 (171 sq mi) |
| Population (2022) | 6,469 |
| Density | 15/km2 (38/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |
| Website | www.camoluk.gov.tr |


abstract: The Senior League World Series Europe-Africa Region is one of six International regions that currently sends teams to the World Series in Easley, South Carolina. The region's participation in the SLWS dates back to 1969.

text:
# Senior League World Series (Europe–Africa Region)

The **Senior League World Series** Europe-Africa Region is one of six International regions that currently sends teams to the World Series in Easley, South Carolina. The region's participation in the SLWS dates back to 1969.

## Europe–Africa Region Countries

## Region Champions

*As of the 2022 Senior League World Series.*

| Year | City | SLWS | Record |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1969 | Wiesbaden, West Germany | Fourth Place | 2–2 |
| 1970 | Brussels, Belgium | Not in Top 4 | 0–2 |
| 1971 | Wiesbaden, West Germany | | 0–2 |
| 1972 | Bavaria, West Germany | | 0–2 |
| 1973 | Wiesbaden, West Germany | | 0–2 |
| 1974 | Wiesbaden, West Germany | Fourth Place | 2–2 |
| 1975 | Wiesbaden, West Germany | Not in Top 4 | 1–2 |
| 1976 | Wiesbaden, West Germany | | 0–2 |
| 1977 | Madrid, Spain | | 0–2 |
| 1978 | Madrid, Spain | | 0–2 |
| 1979 | Bitburg, West Germany | | 0–2 |
| 1980 | Aviano, Italy | | 0–2 |
| 1981 | Mons, Belgium | | 0–2 |
| 1982 | Brussels, Belgium | | 0–2 |
| 1983 | Brussels, Belgium | | 0–2 |
| 1984 | London, England | | 0–2 |
| 1985 | Brussels, Belgium | | 0–2 |
| 1986 | Brussels, Belgium | | 0–2 |
| 1987 | Brussels, Belgium | | 0–2 |
| 1988 | Dhahran, Saudi Arabia | | 1–2 |
| 1989 | Dhahran, Saudi Arabia | | 0–2 |
| 1990 | Brussels, Belgium | | 2–3 |
| 1991 | Ramstein, Germany | Third Place | 4–2 |
| 1992 | Ramstein, Germany | Not in Top 4 | 0–3 |
| 1993 | Dhahran, Saudi Arabia | | 0–3 |
| 1994 | Dhahran, Saudi Arabia | | 1–3 |
| 1995 | Ramstein, Germany | | 0–3 |
| 1996 | Dhahran, Saudi Arabia | | 0–3 |
| 1997 | Huntingdon, England | | 0–3 |
| 1998 | Brussels, Belgium (Host) | | 0–3 |
| 1999 | Brussels, Belgium | | 0–3 |
| 2000 | Ramstein, Germany | | 2–3 |
| 2001 | Ramstein, Germany | | 0–3 |
| 2002 | Moscow, Russia | | 1–3 |
| 2003 | Moscow, Russia | | 2–2 |
| 2004 | Rotterdam, Netherlands | | 0–4 |
| 2005 | Tbilisi, Georgia | | 1–3 |
| 2006 | Brussels, Belgium | | 0–4 |
| 2007 | Vilnius, Lithuania | | 0–4 |
| 2008 | Vilnius, Lithuania | | 0–4 |
| 2009 | Friuli, Italy | | 1–3 |
| 2010 | Lazio, Italy | | 1–3 |
| 2011 | Friuli, Italy | Semifinals | 3–2 |
| 2012 | Emilia, Italy | Not in Top 4 | 1–3 |
| 2013 | Emilia, Italy | | 1–3 |
| 2014 | Emilia, Italy | | 1–3 |
| 2015 | Lazio, Italy | | 1–3 |
| 2016 | Barcelona, Spain | | 1–2 |
| 2017 | Emilia, Italy | | 1–2 |
| 2018 | Bologna, Italy | Int'l Final | 4–2 |
| 2019 | Bologna, Italy | Not in Top 4 | 2–2 |
| 2020 | *Cancelled due to COVID-19 crisis* | | |
| 2021 | |
| 2022 | Nettuno, Italy | Not in Top 4 | 0–2 |
| Year | City | SLWS | Record |

### Results by Country

*As of the 2022 Senior League World Series.*

| Country | Region
Championships | SLWS
Championships | W–L | PCT |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Germany | 13 | 0 | 1130 | 0.268 |
| Italy | 12 | | 1630 | 0.348 |
| Belgium | 10 | | 224 | 0.077 |
| Saudi Arabia | 5 | | 213 | 0.133 |
| Spain | 3 | | 16 | 0.143 |
| England | 2 | | 05 | 0.000 |
| Russia | | | 35 | 0.375 |
| Lithuania | | | 08 | 0.000 |
| Host Team(s) | 1 | | 03 | 0.000 |
| Netherlands | | | 04 | 0.000 |
| Georgia | | | 13 | 0.250 |
| Totals | 52 | 0 | 36–131 | 0.216 |

Europe–Africa Region in other Little League divisions

## InfoBox

Europe–Africa Region
| **Most recent season or competition:**
*2022 Senior League World Series* | |
| --- | --- |
| Sport | Baseball |
| Founded | 1969 |
| Most recent
champion(s) | Nettuno, Italy |
| Most titles | Germany (13) |


title: Y Bandana (album)

abstract: Y Bandana is the self-titled debut studio album of the Welsh language alternative rock band Y Bandana, released in the United Kingdom on 31 January 2011.

text:
# Y Bandana (album)

***Y Bandana*** is the self-titled debut studio album of the Welsh language alternative rock band Y Bandana, released in the United Kingdom on 31 January 2011.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Tomos Owens, Siôn Owens, Gwilym Rhys and Robin Jones

CD and digital download
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Dyna Be Di'r Son" | 4:10 |
| 2. | "Yr Unig Beth Dwi Isio" | 3:18 |
| 3. | "Siwgwr Candi Mel" | 3:34 |
| 4. | "Clywch Clywch Buwch" | 3:16 |
| 5. | "Dwi'm Yn Fabi Dim Mwy" | 3:30 |
| 6. | "Cân y Tân" | 4:18 |
| 7. | "P.R.@" | 2:10 |
| 8. | "Anturiaethau Sali Mali" | 3:11 |
| 9. | "Dal dy Drwyn" | 4:21 |
| 10. | "Wyt ti'n nabod Mr Pei?" | 3:54 |
| 11. | "Rheda Am Dy Fywyd" | 3:07 |
| 12. | "Be Nawni?" | 2:54 |
| Total length: | | 41:34 |

## Dal dy Drwyn/Cân y Tân

| "Dal dy Drwyn/Cân y Tân" | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by Y Bandana | |
| from the album  *Y Bandana* | |
| Released | 2 August 2010 |
| Recorded | 2010 |
| Genre | Alternative rock |
| Length | 4:21 (Dal dy Drwyn)
4:18 (Cân y Tân) |
| Label | Copa (label of Sain) |
| Songwriter(s) | Tomos Owens
Siôn Owens
Gwilym Rhys
Robin Jones |
| Producer(s) | Y Bandana |

"Dal dy Drwyn" and "Cân y Tân" were released on 2 August 2010 as a double A-side single before being included on the album *Y Bandana*. The songs have received generally favourable reviews from critics. The song "Dal dy Drwyn" has been noted for its humorous lyrics and catchy melody as it "bemoans the smell of another with Arctic Monkeys precision", and the nature of the song is evident in its title, which translates into English as *"hold your nose"*. The band achieved an award for the best single in Welsh language magazine *Y Selar* in 2010, while the song "Cân y Tân" won the award for best song in the same year.

### Track listing

Digital download
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Dal dy Drwyn" | 4:21 |
| 2. | "Cân y Tân" | 4:18 |

## InfoBox

| Y Bandana | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Y Bandana | |
| Released | 31 January 2011 (2011-01-31) |
| Genre | Alternative rock |
| Length | 41:34 |
| Label | Copa (label of Sain) |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Y Bandana* | |
| 1. "Dal dy Drwyn/Cân y Tân"
Released: 2 August 2010 | |
|  | |


title: Meledonus

abstract: Meledonus is a genus of flies in the family Tachinidae.

text:
# Meledonus

***Meledonus*** is a genus of flies in the family Tachinidae.

## Species

## InfoBox

| *Meledonus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Tachinidae |
| Subfamily: | Dexiinae |
| Tribe: | Voriini |
| Genus: | *Meledonus*
Aldrich, 1926 |
|
| Type species | |
| *Meledonus latipennis*
Aldrich, 1926 | |
| Synonyms | |
|  | |


title: Yuka Sato

abstract: Yuka Sato Yuka Sato is a Japanese former competitive figure skater and choreographer. She is the 1994 World champion, the 1990 World Junior champion and the 1993 & 1994 Japanese national champion. She placed 7th at the 1992 Winter Olympics and 5th at the 1994 Winter Olympics.

text:
# Yuka Sato

| Yuka Sato | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Japanese name | |
| Kanji | 佐藤 有香 |
| Kana | さとう ゆか |
| Transcriptions  Romanization Satō Yuka | |
|  | |

**Yuka Sato** (佐藤 有香, *Satō Yuka*, born February 14, 1973) is a Japanese former competitive figure skater and choreographer. She is the 1994 World champion, the 1990 World Junior champion and the 1993 & 1994 Japanese national champion. She placed 7th at the 1992 Winter Olympics and 5th at the 1994 Winter Olympics.

## Personal life

Yuka Sato was born in Tokyo to figure skating parents. Her father, Nobuo Sato, competed at the 1960 Winter Olympics and 1964 Winter Olympics while her mother, Kumiko Okawa, competed in the 1964 Winter Olympics and 1968 Winter Olympics. Her parents, as of 2011, live near Yokohama.

Sato is a graduate of Hosei University. She was married to fellow figure skater Jason Dungjen.

## Career

### Eligible career

In the 1988–89 season, Yuka Sato won the Japanese junior title to qualify for the 1989 World Junior Championships, where she placed 10th. She also qualified for Japan's senior championships, where she won the bronze medal behind Midori Ito and Junko Yaginuma. Sato was taught by her parents in Japan until she was 16. Around 1989, she moved to Canada and joined Peter Dunfield, who coached her for the next five years.

In the 1989–90 season, Sato was the Japanese junior champion for the second year in a row and the silver medalist on the senior level. She assigned to the World Junior Championships, where she won gold, and to the 1990 World Championships, where she placed 14th.

In the 1990–91 season, Sato placed fifth at the 1990 NHK Trophy and at the 1990 Nations Cup.

In the 1991–92 season, Sato won the bronze medal at the 1992 Skate America and her second silver medal at the Japanese Championships. She was sent to the 1992 Winter Olympics, where she placed seventh, and the 1992 World Championships, where she finished eighth.

In the 1992–93 season, Sato defeated Nancy Kerrigan and Chen Lu to win the 1992 Skate America. She won the silver medal at the 1992 NHK Trophy, gold at the Prague Skate, and gold at the Japanese Championships. She placed fourth at the 1993 World Championships.

In the 1993–94 season, Sato won the bronze medal at the 1993 NHK Trophy and placed sixth at the pre-Olympic Piruetten competition in Norway. She won her second Japanese national title that season to qualify for the 1994 Winter Olympics and the 1994 World Championships. At the Olympics, she popped an intended triple Lutz in the short program and placed seventh in that segment of the competition. She completed six triple jumps in the free skate and finished fifth overall.

All of the Olympic medalists withdrew from the 1994 World Championships, which were held in Japan. She placed first after the technical program, with Surya Bonaly and Josee Chouinard in second and third, respectively. In the free skate, she was beaten by Bonaly 8–1 in the technical mark but won the presentation mark 8–1, and became the World champion by a 5–4 vote between the judges.

### Later career

Following her win at the 1994 World Championships, Sato retired from amateur skating and began performing professionally in ice shows, including Stars on Ice. She won the 1995, 2000, 2001 and 2002 World Professional Championships and placed second at that competition in 1996 and 1998. Sato also performed as a pair skater with Jason Dungjen. She is credited as a stunt performer in the 2007 figure skating comedy motion picture *Blades of Glory.*

Sato has worked as a sports commentator for Japanese television. She commentated for NHK during the 2006 Winter Olympics, including the broadcast of Shizuka Arakawa's winning performance. She is a coach and choreographer at the Detroit Skating Club in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan. She has coached Jeremy Abbott, Alissa Czisny, and Valentina Marchei. In addition to her coaching career she has also choreographed for several skaters. Her past and current clients include:

## Competitive highlights

| **International** | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Event | 1987–88 | 1988–89 | 1989–90 | 1990–91 | 1991–92 | 1992–93 | 1993–94 |
| Olympics |  |  |  |  | 7th |  | 5th |
| Worlds |  |  | 14th |  | 8th | 4th | 1st |
| Skate America |  |  |  |  |  | 1st |  |
| Skate Canada |  |  |  | 4th | 7th |  |  |
| Nations Cup |  |  |  | 5th |  |  |  |
| NHK Trophy |  |  |  | 5th |  | 3rd | 2nd |
| Prague Skate |  |  |  |  |  | 1st |  |
| Piruetten |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6th |
| **International: Junior** | | | | | | | |
| Junior Worlds |  | 10th | 1st |  |  |  |  |
| **National** | | | | | | | |
| Japan Champ. | 3rd | 3rd | 2nd |  | 2nd | 1st | 1st |
| Japan Jr. Champ. |  | 1st | 1st |  |  |  |  |

## InfoBox

| Yuka Sato | |
| --- | --- |
| Sato in 2011. | |
| Born | (1973-02-14) February 14, 1973<br>Tokyo, Japan |
| Height | 1.52 m (5 ft 0 in) |
| Figure skating career | |
| Country | Japan |
| Skating club | Detroit Skating Club |
| Retired | 1994 |
| Medal record      Ladies' figure skating  Representing  Japan  World Championships  1994 Chiba Ladies' singles  World Junior Championships  1990 Colorado Springs Ladies' singles | |


title: List of group theory topics

abstract: In mathematics and abstract algebra, group theory studies the algebraic structures known as groups. The concept of a group is central to abstract algebra: other well-known algebraic structures, such as rings, fields, and vector spaces, can all be seen as groups endowed with additional operations and axioms. Groups recur throughout mathematics, and the methods of group theory have influenced many parts of algebra. Linear algebraic groups and Lie groups are two branches of group theory that have experienced advances and have become subject areas in their own right. Various physical systems, such as crystals and the hydrogen atom, may be modelled by symmetry groups. Thus group theory and the closely related representation theory have many important applications in physics, chemistry, and materials science. Group theory is also central to public key cryptography.

text:
# List of group theory topics

In mathematics and abstract algebra, *group theory* studies the algebraic structures known as groups. The concept of a group is central to abstract algebra: other well-known algebraic structures, such as rings, fields, and vector spaces, can all be seen as groups endowed with additional operations and axioms. Groups recur throughout mathematics, and the methods of group theory have influenced many parts of algebra. Linear algebraic groups and Lie groups are two branches of group theory that have experienced advances and have become subject areas in their own right.

Various physical systems, such as crystals and the hydrogen atom, may be modelled by symmetry groups. Thus group theory and the closely related representation theory have many important applications in physics, chemistry, and materials science. Group theory is also central to public key cryptography.

## Structures and operations

## Basic properties of groups

### Group homomorphisms

## Basic types of groups

### Simple groups and their classification

### Permutation and symmetry groups

## Concepts groups share with other mathematics

## Mathematical objects making use of a group operation

## Mathematical fields and topics making important use of group theory

## Group representations

## Computational group theory

## Applications

## Famous problems

## Other topics

## Group theorists


title: West Boca Raton, Florida

abstract: West Boca Raton, also known as West Boca, is an unincorporated community west of the city of Boca Raton, Florida. It is populated by numerous developments such as Boca Landings, The Hamptons, Mission Bay, Sandalfoot Cove, Century Village, and Loggers' Run.

text:
# West Boca Raton, Florida

**West Boca Raton**, also known as **West Boca**, is an unincorporated community west of the city of Boca Raton, Florida. It is populated by numerous developments such as Boca Landings, The Hamptons, Mission Bay, Sandalfoot Cove, Century Village, and Loggers' Run.

## Geography

West Boca Raton is roughly considered to be the area west of the Florida's Turnpike between Delray Beach and the Broward County line. Some would also include the area between the Turnpike and Jog/Powerline Road or Military Trail, including Boca West, Boca Del Mar, and Boca Pointe, though large parts of that section have been annexed into municipal Boca Raton or are destined as "future annexation areas" per the Palm Beach County Planning Division.

Major north-south roads in West Boca include (from east to west) the Turnpike, Lyons Road, and U.S. Route 441/State Road 7. Major east-west roads include (from north to south) Clint Moore Road, Yamato Road (NW 51st St.), Glades Road, Palmetto Park Road, and SW 18th Street.

## Schools

### Public schools

**Elementary Schools**

* Coral Sunset
* Hammock Pointe
* Sandpiper Shores
* Sunrise Park
* Water's Edge
* Whispering Pines

**Middle Schools**

**High Schools**

### Private schools

A number of prominent Jewish day schools are located in Boca Raton, notably Donna Klein Jewish Academy, Katz Hillel Day School, and Katz Yeshiva High School, which are all on the campus of the Jewish Federation of South Palm Beach County.

Boca Prep International School is also in West Boca. The school offers the IB Diploma Programme.

## Culture and attractions

West Boca is home to the South County Regional Park, featuring the Coconut Cove Waterpark, the Daggerwing Nature Center, the Osprey Point Golf Course, the Sunset Cove Amphitheater, and various athletic fields. There is also a West Boca news company and Facebook page.

The Evert Tennis Academy, a tennis training center for developing collegiate and professional tennis players, is located in Mission Bay, a development in West Boca Raton. The academy was founded by professional tennis player Chris Evert and her brother John Evert.

## Libraries

The Palm Beach County Library System has two branches in West Boca, the West Boca Branch and Glades Road Branch. Both branches serve a large number of children's material, nonfiction, and adult fiction.


title: William H. Noble

abstract: William Henry Noble was an American businessman and politician who served one term as a U.S. Representative from New York from 1837 to 1839.

text:
# William H. Noble

**William Henry Noble** (September 22, 1788  February 5, 1850) was an American businessman and politician who served one term as a U.S. Representative from New York from 1837 to 1839.

## Biography

Born in New Milford, Connecticut, received a limited education, and became a farmer and tanner. Noble moved to Ballston Spa, where he was an active in the Episcopal church and served as a vestryman.

### Business

He later resided in Ira, Cato, Rochester, and Auburn. He served in local offices, including school board member and school inspector in Ira, postmaster in Cato, town supervisor of Auburn, and collector of canal tolls in Montezuma. In addition, he was active in local businesses, including serving on the board of directors of the Cayuga County National Bank.

### Militia

He served as member of the New York State Assembly from 1828 to 1830. He was also an officer in the New York Militia, and attained the rank of lieutenant colonel as second-in-command of the 167th Infantry Regiment, a unit of the 7th Brigade, 21st Division.

### Congress

Noble was elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-fifth Congress (March 4, 1837  March 3, 1839). He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1838 to the Twenty-sixth Congress.

### Later career and death

He served as inspector of Auburn Prison from 1843 to 1845. He died in Rochester, New York on February 5, 1850. He was buried at Cato-Meridian Cemetery in Ira.

This article incorporates public domain material from the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress

## InfoBox

| William Henry Noble | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1788-09-22)September 22, 1788<br>New Milford, Connecticut |
| Died | February 5, 1850(1850-02-05) (aged 61) |
| Education | Limited education |
| Known for | Local political offices, service in the New York Militia, and business involvement |
| Office | Member of the U.S. House of Representatives |
| Political party | Democratic |


title: Nazism in Chile

abstract: Some German Chileans supported Nazism prior to Adolf Hitler's taking control of Germany in 1933, including the National Socialist Movement of Chile (1932–1938). Germany also pursued the Nazification of the German Chilean community. Nazi spy networks operated in the country between 1937 and 1944, and were investigated by the Chilean government until 1947. Other movements related to Nazism continued to operate in the country until the latter half of the 20th century, and former Schutzstaffel (SS) officer Walter Rauff spent his later life there.

text:
# Nazism in Chile

Some German Chileans supported Nazism prior to Adolf Hitler's taking control of Germany in 1933, including the National Socialist Movement of Chile (1932–1938). Germany also pursued the Nazification of the German Chilean community. Nazi spy networks operated in the country between 1937 and 1944, and were investigated by the Chilean government (with the aid of the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation) until 1947. Other movements related to Nazism continued to operate in the country until the latter half of the 20th century, and former *Schutzstaffel* (SS) officer Walter Rauff spent his later life there.

## Background

Chilean physician Nicolás Palacios, a proponent of the scientific racism ideology, considered the "Chilean race" to be a mix of two bellicose master races: the Visigoths of Spain and the Mapuche (Araucanians) of Chile. Palacios traces the origins of the Spanish component of the "Chilean race" to the coast of the Baltic Sea, specifically to Götaland in Sweden, one of the supposed homelands of the Goths. Palacios claimed that both the blonde-haired and the bronze-coloured Chilean Mestizo share a "moral physonomy" and a masculine psychology. He opposed immigration from Southern Europe, and argued that Mestizos who are derived from Southern Europeans lack "cerebral control" and are a social load.

## History

There was a German Chilean youth organization with strong Nazi influence prior to 1933 (when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party gained control of Germany). Germany pursued a policy of Nazification of the German Chilean community, as it did elsewhere. The German Chilean communities and their organizations were considered a cornerstone to extend the Nazi ideology across the world, and they mostly supported Nazi Germany (at least passively), with a widespread presence in the country's German Lutheran Church. The Chilean German community, however, did not act as an official extension of the German state. A local chapter of the Nazi Party was started in Chile.

The National Socialist Movement of Chile (MNSCH) was founded in 1932. After it was dissolved in 1938, some of its notable former members migrated into the Agrarian Labor Party, obtaining high charges. Other former MNSCH members formed new parties of that kind until 1952.

Between 1937 and 1944, Nazi spy networks operated in Chile. After the Navy discovered their presence via radio, in 1941 the Chilean General Directorate of Investigations established the International Confidential Section (or "Department 50"), which investigated local Nazi activities until 1947. The United States Federal Bureau of Investigation's Special Intelligence Service assisted Chilean officials in their efforts. Related records were subsequently maintained by the National Archives of Chile, which were declassified in the 21st century. In 2018, History's investigative documentary series *Hunting Hitler* visited the archives and asserted the existence of a network of over 700 outposts resembling Chile's secretive Colonia Dignidad (which housed some Nazis), as well as a concentration camp run by former *Schutzstaffel* (SS) officer Walter Rauff, who supported Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet. Senior SS officer Richard Glücks, believed to have died in 1945, was speculated to have escaped Germany, allegedly to Chile.

A new Nazi Party was formed in 1964 by school teacher Franz Pfeiffer; it organized a "Miss Nazi" beauty contest and formed a Chilean branch of the Ku Klux Klan before disbanding in 1970. Pfeiffer attempted to reboot the party in 1983 amid a wave of protests against Pinochet's military dictatorship.

### Colonia Dignidad

Colonia Dignidad ('Dignity Colony') was an isolated colony established in post-World War II Chile by emigrant Germans which became notorious for the internment, torture, and murder of dissidents during the military dictatorship of General Augusto Pinochet in the 1970s while under the leadership of German emigrant preacher Paul Schäfer. Colonia Dignidad has been described as a "state within a state".

## Resistance

Nazism had also detractors in Chile. An example of this is the telegram sent by Salvador Allende and other members of the Congress of Chile to Hitler after the *Kristallnacht* (1938) in which they denounced the persecution of Jews.

## Bibliography


title: Semi Koroilavesau

abstract: Semi Tuleca Koroilavesau is a Fijian politician and Member of the Parliament of Fiji. He served the Minister for Fisheries from 2018 to 2022. He is a member of the FijiFirst party. Koroilavesau grew up in Nalotu in Kadavu Province. He was educated at Yawe District primary school, Richmond High School, and Lelean Memorial School. After sixth form, he joined the Fijian Navy as an officer cadet. In his military career he reached the rank of Commander. In 1988 he started a tourism company, Captain Cook Cruises Fiji Islands with 3 partners. In 1996, the business was sold to Captain Cook Cruises,. Semi remained a partner in the Fijian business and in 2003 retired from the Navy to manage it. Koroilavesau was elected in the 2014 election, in which he won 1,611 votes. Following the collapse and deregistration of FijiFirst he remained in parliament as an independent.

text:
# Semi Koroilavesau

**Semi Tuleca Koroilavesau** (born 1958) is a Fijian politician and Member of the Parliament of Fiji. He served the Minister for Fisheries from 2018 to 2022. He is a member of the FijiFirst party.

Koroilavesau grew up in Nalotu in Kadavu Province. He was educated at Yawe District primary school, Richmond High School, and Lelean Memorial School. After sixth form, he joined the Fijian Navy as an officer cadet. In his military career he reached the rank of Commander. In 1988 he started a tourism company, Captain Cook Cruises Fiji Islands with 3 partners. In 1996, the business was sold to Captain Cook Cruises,. Semi remained a partner in the Fijian business and in 2003 retired from the Navy to manage it.

Koroilavesau was elected in the 2014 election, in which he won 1,611 votes.

Following the collapse and deregistration of FijiFirst he remained in parliament as an independent.

## InfoBox

| Semi Koroilavesau | |
| --- | --- |
| Koroilavesau in 2022 | |
|  | |
| Minister for Fisheries | |
| **In office**
21 November 2018  24 December 2022 | |
| Succeeded by | Kalaveti Ravu |
| Minister for Employment, Productivity and Industrial Relations | |
| **In office**
16 October 2015  21 November 2018 | |
| Succeeded by | Parveen Bala |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Nationality | Fijian |
| Political party | FijiFirst |
|  | |


title: Meridarchis tristriga

abstract: Meridarchis tristriga is a moth in the Carposinidae family. It is found in Burma.

text:
# Meridarchis tristriga

***Meridarchis tristriga*** is a moth in the Carposinidae family. It is found in Burma.

* Diakonoff, A. 1951, Entomological results from the Swedish Expedition 1934 to Burma and British India. Lepidoptera, Collected by René Malaise, Microlepidoptera I. With 1 map and 35 figures in the text. - Arkiv för Zoologi Band 3 nr. 6, Almqvist & Wiksell Boktryckeri, Uppsala. 59 - 94 pp.
* Natural History Museum Lepidoptera generic names catalog

## InfoBox

| *Meridarchis tristriga* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Carposinidae |
| Genus: | *Meridarchis* |
| Species: | ***M. tristriga*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Meridarchis tristriga***<br>Diakonoff, 1952 | |
|


title: My Testimony

abstract: "My Testimony" is a song performed by American contemporary worship band Elevation Worship which was released as a promotional single from their eighth live album, Graves into Gardens (2020), on April 3, 2020. The song was written by Brandon Lake, Chris Brown, Steven Furtick and Tiffany Hudson. Chris Brown and Aaron Robertson handled the production of the single. "My Testimony" peaked at No. 24 on the US Hot Christian Songs chart despite not being an official single.

text:
# My Testimony

"**My Testimony**" (stylized in capital letters) is a song performed by American contemporary worship band Elevation Worship which was released as a promotional single from their eighth live album, *Graves into Gardens* (2020), on April 3, 2020. The song was written by Brandon Lake, Chris Brown, Steven Furtick and Tiffany Hudson. Chris Brown and Aaron Robertson handled the production of the single. "My Testimony" peaked at No. 24 on the US Hot Christian Songs chart despite not being an official single.

## Background

On April 3, 2020, Elevation Worship released "My Testimony" as the second promotional single in the lead-up to the release of its parent album, *Graves into Gardens*. "My Testimony" followed the release of two other songs from the album: "The Blessing" and "Graves into Gardens". Chris Brown of Elevation Worship spoke about song, saying: "This track is like a shot of faith adrenaline declaring all that God's done for us, along with all the miracles and blessings we've yet to see him do in our lives."

## Composition

"My Testimony" is composed in the key of  with a tempo of 97 beats per minute, and a musical time signature of **4**
**4**.

## Commercial performance

"My Testimony" debuted at No. 25 on the US Hot Christian Songs chart dated April 18, 2020, concurrently charting at No. 9 on the Christian Digital Song Sales chart. Following the release of *Graves into Gardens*, the song reached at No. 24 on the Hot Christian Songs May 16-dated chart.

## Music videos

On April 15, 2020, Elevation Worship released the live performance video of "My Testimony" recorded at Elevation Church's Ballantyne campus on their YouTube channel, The acoustic performance video of the song was published on YouTube by Elevation Worship on April 13, 2020. The official lyric performance video of the song was published on YouTube by Elevation Worship on April 20, 2020. Elevation Worship availed a Spanish rendition of the song, titled "Mi Testimonio" on their YouTube channel on July 10, 2020. Elevation Worship released the music video for "My Testimony (Morning & Evening)" on YouTube on January 8, 2021.

## Charts

Weekly chart performance for "My Testimony"
| Chart (2020-2021) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| US Christian Songs (*Billboard*) | 24 |
| US Christian Airplay (*Billboard*) | 49 |

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format | Label | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Various | April 24, 2020 |  | Elevation Worship Records |  |
|

## InfoBox

| "My Testimony" | |
| --- | --- |
| Promotional single by Elevation Worship | |
| from the album  *Graves into Gardens* | |
| Released | April 3, 2020 (2020-04-03) |
| Recorded | 2019 |
| Venue | Elevation Ballantyne, Charlotte, North Carolina, US |
| Genre |  |
| Length | * 4:51 |
| Label | * Elevation Worship |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Producer(s) | * Chris Brown * Aaron Robertson |
|  | |
| Music videos | |
| "My Testimony" (Acoustic) on YouTube | |
| "My Testimony" (Live) on YouTube | |
| "My Testimony" (Lyrics) on YouTube | |
| "My Testimony" (Morning & Evening) on YouTube | |
|  | |


title: Yürükkeçidere, Gönen

abstract: Yürükkeçidere is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Gönen, Balıkesir Province in Turkey. Its population is 50 (2022).

text:
# Yürükkeçidere, Gönen

**Yürükkeçidere** is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Gönen, Balıkesir Province in Turkey. Its population is 50 (2022).

## InfoBox

| Yürükkeçidere | |
| --- | --- |
| Neighbourhood | |
| YürükkeçidereLocation in TurkeyYürükkeçidereYürükkeçidere (Marmara) | |
| Coordinates: 40°07′48″N 27°33′50″E / 40.130°N 27.564°E / 40.130; 27.564 | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Balıkesir |
| District | Gönen |
| Population (2022) | 50 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |


title: Yuva, Pursaklar

abstract: Yuva is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Pursaklar, Ankara Province, Turkey. Its population is 103 (2022). Before 2008, it was part of the district of Çubuk.

text:
# Yuva, Pursaklar

**Yuva** is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Pursaklar, Ankara Province, Turkey. Its population is 103 (2022). Before 2008, it was part of the district of Çubuk.

## InfoBox

| Yuva | |
| --- | --- |
| Neighbourhood | |
| YuvaLocation in TurkeyYuvaYuva (Turkey Central Anatolia) | |
| Coordinates: 40°10′13″N 32°51′41″E / 40.1703°N 32.8614°E / 40.1703; 32.8614 | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Ankara |
| District | Pursaklar |
| Population (2022) | 103 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |


title: Yvonne Okwara

abstract: Yvonne Okwara Matole is a Kenyan television journalist working for Citizen TV. She has 13 years of experience in radio and television.

text:
# Yvonne Okwara

**Yvonne Okwara Matole** is a Kenyan television journalist working for Citizen TV. She has 13 years of experience in radio and television.

## Biography

Okwara was born on March 16, 1983, in Nairobi, Kenya. She is an alumnus of Kianda High School. She holds a BSc in microbiology from the Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology. She is a graduate of the Bloomberg/ Africa Leadership Initiative Media fellowship.

Okwara's first job in media was at KBC where she was doing a children's show. She was hired by radio station, Hot 96FM. She later joined the Nation group through QFM, QTV. She was hired by Kenya Television Network (KTN).

## Personal life

She is married to Andrew Matole, who is a veterinary surgeon.


title: Yūki Sasaki (shogi)

abstract: Yūki Sasaki is a Japanese professional shogi player ranked 8-dan.

text:
# Yūki Sasaki (shogi)

**Yūki Sasaki** (佐々木 勇気, *Sasaki Yūki*, born August 5, 1994) is a Japanese professional shogi player ranked 8-dan.

## Early life, amateur shogi and apprentice professional

Sasaki was born in Geneva, Switzerland on August 5, 1994. His family moved to France when he was two years old and then returned to Misato in Saitama Prefecture, Japan when he was about five.

As a young boy, Sasaki liked playing outdoors. His middle ear, however, became inflamed from swimming, and his doctor advised his parents to limit his playing to indoors for a while until it healed. Sasaki's father played the game go, but Sasaki started studying shogi at the prodding of his mother because she was worried that her son might mistakenly swallow one of the go pieces.

As a first-grade elementary school student, he was already playing against adults at his local shogi club and was soon going to the club six days a week. In 2003, Sasaki won the lower-grade section of the 2nd Elementary School Student Kurashiki Ōshō Tournament as a third-grade student, and then the following year he won the 29th Elementary School Student Meijin Tournament as a fourth-grade student to become just the second fourth grader, after Akira Watanabe, to win the tournament.

In September 2004, Sasaki was accepted into the Japan Shogi Association's apprentice school at the rank of 6-kyū under the guidance of shogi professional Kazuo Ishida. In April 2008, Sasaki was promoted to the rank of appentice-professional 3-dan as a second-year junior high school student, which at the time tied the record for being the second fastest person to do so since entering the apprentice school. He obtained full professional status and the rank of 4-dan in October 2010 after winning the 47th 3-dan League (April 2010  September 2010) with a record of 14 wins and 4 losses. Sasaki was 16 years and 1 month old and still a junior high school student when he was awarded professional status, thus becoming just the sixth junior high school student to turn professional.

## Shogi professional

Sasaki's first non-title tournament as a professional came in October 2013 when he defeated Shōta Chida 2 games to 1 to win the 3rd Kakogawa Seiryū Tournament.

In June 2017, Sasaki ended Sōta Fujii's record-breaking winning streak.

In March 2023, Sasaki and Fujii met in the championship of the 72nd NHK Cup tournament, with Fujii winning the game. The following year the two met again in the championship game of the 73rd NHK Cup tournament, but this time it was Sasaki who came out victorious.

### Promotion history

Sasaki's promotion history is as follows:

* 6-kyū: 2004
* 3-dan: 2008
* 4-dan: October 1, 2010
* 5-dan: March 11, 2014
* 6-dan: July 11, 2017
* 7-dan: November 16, 2018
* 8-dan: March 9, 2023

### Titles and other championships

Sasaki has yet to appear in a major title, but he has won two non-title tournaments.

### Awards and honors

Sasaki won the Japan Shogi Association's Annual Shogi Awards for "Most Games Played" (65 games) in 2017, and the Kōzō Masuda Award for the Yūki Side Pawn Capture in 2018.

## InfoBox

| Yūki Sasaki | |
| --- | --- |
| Native name | 佐々木勇気 |
| Born | (1994-08-05) August 5, 1994 |
| Hometown | Misato, Japan |
| Career | |
| Achieved professional status | October 1, 2010(2010-10-01) (aged 16) |
| Badge Number | 280 |
| Rank | 8-dan |
| Teacher | Kazuo Ishida (9-dan) |
| Tournaments won | 2 |
| Meijin class | A |
| Ryūō class | 2 |
| Websites | |
| JSA profile page | |