title: Unasylva

abstract: Unasylva is a multilingual international journal of forestry and forest industries published by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Produced in separate English, French, and Spanish editions, Unasylva covers all aspects of forestry: policy and planning; conservation and management of forest-based plants and animals; rural socio-economic development, including food security; species improvement; industrial development; international trade; and environmental considerations, including the role of forests and trees in maintaining a sustainable base for agricultural production as well as the effects of environmental change on forestry. Unasylva presents news about forest science and policy to a broad range of readers – policymakers, forest managers, technicians, researchers, students, teachers.

text:
# Unasylva

***Unasylva*** is a multilingual international journal of forestry and forest industries published by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Produced in separate English, French, and Spanish editions, *Unasylva* covers all aspects of forestry: policy and planning; conservation and management of forest-based plants and animals; rural socio-economic development, including food security; species improvement; industrial development; international trade; and environmental considerations, including the role of forests and trees in maintaining a sustainable base for agricultural production as well as the effects of environmental change on forestry. *Unasylva* presents news about forest science and policy to a broad range of readers – policymakers, forest managers, technicians, researchers, students, teachers.

## Indexing

*Unasylva* is indexed by the *Abstract Bulletin of the Institute of Paper Chemistry*, the *Bibliography of Agriculture*, and *Predicasts*. Its *h*-index is 15. The journal is also referenced in Scopus, an abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed literature. In a 2007 poll, professional forestry organizations in Australia ranked *Unasylva* in the 'A' group (80-95 percentile) of all forestry journals.

## History

First published in 1947, *Unasylva* is FAO’s longest running periodical. The journal documents the history of FAO’s activities in forestry. Every FAO Director-General and every head of the FAO Forestry Division, which later became the Forestry Department, has contributed to *Unasylva*. Authors of the more than 1,000 articles published include presidents of countries, heads of national forest services, field workers and university professors. The results of hundreds of FAO field projects have been recorded in these pages.

As FAO membership has grown, from 48 countries – mostly in the industrialized world – to 191 (in 2012), so has the emphasis within *Unasylva* changed, from wood production and wood technology to sustainability concepts and awareness of forestry’s social role. The first few decades emphasized assistance to Europe in the recovery after the Second World War. Authors in the early years were predominantly European and North American men. By the 1980s, the balance was changing as women increasingly entered the field of forestry, and contributions from developing countries were increasingly welcomed. Today’s *Unasylva* is diverse and global; each issue, to the extent possible, has authors, male and female, from every region of the world and from a variety of academic and research institutions, other UN agencies, non-governmental organizations and civil society. In 2000, FAO published *The complete collection of Unasylva 1947–2000*, with 51 volumes (203 issues) in a compact disc form.

## InfoBox

*Unasylva*
| Cover of Volume 1, No. 1 | |
| --- | --- |
| Discipline | Forestry |
| Language | English, French, Spanish |
| Edited by | C. Legault |
| Publication details | |
| History | 1947–present |
| Publisher | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (Italy) |
| Frequency | 1-2 issues per year |
| Standard abbreviations
 | |
| ISO 4 | *Unasylva* |
| Indexing
 | |
| ISSN | 0041-6436 (print)
1564-3697 (web)
 |
| LCCN | 51017005 |
| OCLC no. | 145345902 |
| Links | |
|  | |


# List of World Heritage Sites in Papua New Guinea

Kuk Swampclass=notpageimage|Location of the World Heritage Site in Papua New Guinea

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) World Heritage Sites are places of importance to cultural or natural heritage as described in the UNESCO World Heritage Convention, established in 1972. Papua New Guinea accepted the convention on July 28, 1997, making its historical sites eligible for inclusion on the list. As of 2023, Papua New Guinea has only one World Heritage Site

## World Heritage Sites

UNESCO lists sites under ten criteria; each entry must meet at least one of the criteria. Criteria i through vi are cultural, and vii through x are natural.

|
|  |
World Heritage Sites
| Site | Image | Location | Year listed | UNESCO data | Description |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Kuk Early Agricultural Site |  | Western Highlands | 2008 | 887; iii, iv (cultural) | Kuk Early Agricultural Site consists of 116 ha of swamps in the western highlands of New Guinea 1,500 metres above sea-level. Archaeological excavation has revealed the landscape to be one of wetland reclamation worked almost continuously for 7,000, and possibly for 10,000 years. It contains well-preserved archaeological remains demonstrating the technological leap which transformed plant exploitation to agriculture around 6,500 years ago. It is an excellent example of transformation of agricultural practices over time, from cultivation mounds to draining the wetlands through the digging of ditches with wooden tools. Kuk is one of the few places in the world where archaeological evidence suggests independent agricultural development and changes in agricultural practice over such a long period of time. |

## Tentative list

In addition to sites inscribed on the World Heritage List, member states can maintain a list of tentative sites that they may consider for nomination. Nominations for the World Heritage List are only accepted if the site was previously listed on the tentative list. Papua New Guinea lists seven properties on its tentative list.

|
|  |
Tentative Sites
| Site | Image | Location | Year listed | UNESCO criteria | Description |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Huon Terraces - Stairway to the Past |  | Morone | Mixed (iii)(v)(vii)(viii)(ix)(x) | 2006 |  |
| Kikori River Basin / Great Papuan Plateau |  | Gulf, Southern Highlands, Western Highlands | Mixed (iii)(iv)(v)(vii)(viii)(ix)(x) | 2006 |  |
| Kokoda Track and Owen Stanley Ranges |  | Central, Southern Highlands | Mixed (iii)(v)(vi)(vii)(x) | 2006 |  |
| Milne Bay Seascape (Pacific Jewels of Marine Biodiversity) |  | Milne Bay | Mixed (iii)(v)(vii)(viii)(ix)(x) | 2006 |  |
| The Sublime Karsts of Papua New Guinea |  | East New Britain,Southern Highlands,Western | Mixed (v)(vii)(viii)(ix)(x) | 2006 |  |
| Trans-Fly Complex |  | Western | Mixed (v)(vi)(x) | 2006 |  |
| Upper Sepik River Basin |  | East Sepik, West Sepik | Mixed (i)(iii)(iv)(v)(vii)(viii)(ix)(x) | 2006 |  |


title: Matías Russo

abstract:
Matías Russo is an Argentine racing driver.
He has run in different series, with major success in FIA GT Championship. Russo won the GT2 class of the 2008 FIA GT San Luis 2 Hours with team-mate Luís Pérez Companc on the Ferrari F430.

text:
# Matías Russo

| 24 Hours of Le Mans career | |
| --- | --- |
| Years | 2009, 2011 |
| Teams | AF Corse, PeCom Racing |
| Best finish | 26th |
| Class wins | 0 |

**Matías Russo** (born September 4, 1985) is an Argentine racing driver. He has run in different series, with major success in FIA GT Championship.

Russo won the GT2 class of the 2008 FIA GT San Luis 2 Hours with team-mate Luís Pérez Companc on the Ferrari F430.

## 24 Hours of Le Mans results

| Year | Team | Co-Drivers | Car | Class | Laps | Pos. | Class
Pos. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2009 | AF Corse | Gianmaria Bruni
Luis Pérez Companc | Ferrari F430 GT2 | GT2 | 317 | 26th | 6th |
| 2011 | PeCom Racing | Luis Pérez Companc
Pierre Kaffer | Lola B11/40-Judd | LMP2 | 139 | DNF | DNF |
| Sources: | | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| Matías Russo | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1985-09-04) September 4, 1985
Paraná, Argentina |
| FIA GT Championship career | |
| Debut season | 2008 |
| Current team | Pecom |
| Starts | 12 |
| Wins | 0 |
| Poles | 0 |
| Fastest laps | 0 |
| Best finish | 14 in 2008 |
| Previous series | |
| 2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
20042003
2001 | FIA GT
FIA GT
Turismo Carretera
TRV6
Italian Formula 3000
Formula Renault Argentina
Formula Three Sudamericana |


title: That's a Mother's Liberty Loan

abstract: "That's a Mother's Liberty Loan" is a World War I era song released in 1917. Clarence Gaskill, Harry Tally, and Harry Mayo wrote the lyrics and composed the music. The song was published by M. Witmark & Sons of New York City. On the cover is a vitagraph photo of actors Edward Earle and Mary Maurice facing one another. The song was written for both voice and piano. It was performed by Greek Evans. The sheet music can be found at Pritzker Military Museum & Library.

text:
# That's a Mother's Liberty Loan

"**That's a Mother's Liberty Loan**" is a World War I era song released in 1917. Clarence Gaskill, Harry Tally, and Harry Mayo wrote the lyrics and composed the music. The song was published by M. Witmark & Sons of New York City. On the cover is a vitagraph photo of actors Edward Earle (in uniform) and Mary Maurice facing one another. The song was written for both voice and piano. It was performed by Greek Evans.

The sheet music can be found at Pritzker Military Museum & Library.

## Analysis

The message relayed by the song's lyrics is that a mother's son is her "loan for liberty;" likening her son's participation in the war to buying liberty bonds. In fact, giving up one's son was viewed as an "investment" in the country's future. As evidenced by the mother's exclamation in the song, "I think I've done my share!" The chorus is as follows:

> I gave my boy to Uncle Sam
> To fight for you and me,
> Just like his dad at Gettysburg
> In Eighteen Sixty-Three
> If life must pay for liberty,
> I'm giving all I own,
> And when the battle's won
> I'll then take back my son.
> That's a mother's liberty loan!"

## InfoBox

| "That's a Mother's Liberty Loan" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Song | |
| Released | 1917 |
| Songwriter(s) | Clarence Gaskill, Harry Tally, Harry Mayo |


title: Ștefan Niculescu

abstract: Ștefan Niculescu was a Romanian composer. Niculescu was born in Moreni, Dâmbovița County. He was credited with introducing his own brand of heterophony, a technique based on superimposing melodic material onto variations of itself in order to create textures that are propelled by thematic energy as well as by the more common textural factors of density and levels of activity. This creative approach bears similarities with György Ligeti's micropolyphony, but important aesthetic and stylistic differences set them apart. Niculescu's work as a teacher made him a mentor to a whole generation of younger Romanian composers, among them Costin Miereanu, Horațiu Rădulescu, and Dan Dediu. In the 1970s he contributed to the popularization of modern music by organizing public listenings in Bucharest together with Șerban Stănciulescu. Niculescu's work Ison II for wind and percussion permutates simultaneous segments of a diatonic melody producing a reverberating complexity of sound which is held together by a strong sense of modal clarity. Opus Dacicum for orchestra applies similar textural explorations but with a stronger sense of harmonic movement, often with a Wagnerian lushness that lends this music a sensuous appeal a world apart from Ligeti's cluster-oriented sonorities. Among his honors are many awards from the Romanian Academy and the Society of Romanian Composers. He also received awards from the Académie des Beaux-Arts in Paris (1972), the International Record Critics Award (1985), and the Herder Prize in Vienna (1994). In 1996 he was elected titular member of the Romanian Academy, while in 2000 he was awarded the Order of the Star of Romania, Commander rank.

text:
# Ștefan Niculescu

**Ștefan Niculescu** (July 31, 1927  January 22, 2008) was a Romanian composer.

Niculescu was born in Moreni, Dâmbovița County. He was credited with introducing his own brand of heterophony, a technique based on superimposing melodic material onto variations of itself in order to create textures that are propelled by thematic energy as well as by the more common textural factors of density and levels of activity. This creative approach bears similarities with György Ligeti's micropolyphony, but important aesthetic and stylistic differences set them apart.

Niculescu's work as a teacher made him a mentor to a whole generation of younger Romanian composers, among them Costin Miereanu, Horațiu Rădulescu, and Dan Dediu.

In the 1970s he contributed to the popularization of modern music by organizing public listenings in Bucharest together with Șerban Stănciulescu.

Niculescu's work *Ison II* for wind and percussion permutates simultaneous segments of a diatonic melody producing a reverberating complexity of sound which is held together by a strong sense of modal clarity. *Opus Dacicum* for orchestra applies similar textural explorations but with a stronger sense of harmonic movement, often with a Wagnerian lushness that lends this music a sensuous appeal a world apart from Ligeti's cluster-oriented sonorities.

Among his honors are many awards from the Romanian Academy and the Society of Romanian Composers. He also received awards from the Académie des Beaux-Arts in Paris (1972), the International Record Critics Award (1985), and the Herder Prize in Vienna (1994). In 1996 he was elected titular member of the Romanian Academy, while in 2000 he was awarded the Order of the Star of Romania, Commander rank.


title: Eve Blantyre Simpson

abstract: Eve Blantyre Simpson, sometimes credited as Evelyn Blanytre Simpson, Eva Blantyre Simpson, or E. Blantyre Simpson, was a Scottish writer, author of biographies, short stories, a book about dogs, and a book on the folklore of lowland Scotland.

text:
# Eve Blantyre Simpson

**Eve Blantyre Simpson** (15 December 1855 – 23 January 1920), sometimes credited as **Evelyn Blanytre Simpson**, **Eva Blantyre Simpson**, or **E. Blantyre Simpson**, was a Scottish writer, author of biographies, short stories, a book about dogs, and a book on the folklore of lowland Scotland.

## Early life

Eve Blantyre Simpson was born in Edinburgh, one of the nine children of professor James Young Simpson (1811–1870) and Janet "Jessie" Grindlay Simpson (1812–1870). She was still a girl when both parents died, within a few weeks of each other, in 1870. Her father, an obstetrician, popularised the use of chloroform as an anaesthetic.

## Career

Simpson wrote biographies of her father and two of her brother Walter's friend, Robert Louis Stevenson, one a study of his early life, and one a shorter work, "a flashlight biography, a nutshell appreciation." She also wrote a "readable, if not authoritative" book on folklore in Scotland, including the tradition of Beltane, lore about fairies, and fishermen's superstitions. Of her book *Nelson and Puck: Dogs of Other Days* (1882), one London reviewer predicted that it "will no doubt be duly appreciated by those for whom it is intended, but cannot be of the slightest interest to others." She also wrote short stories and articles, often about dogs, for periodicals and newspapers.

Simpson toured as an author in the United States and Canada in 1899, and was described as "a devoted bicyclist" and "animated and witty".

## Personal life

Simpson died from liver cancer on 23 January 1920 at Edinburgh, aged 64 years. She was the last surviving member of her father's large family.

## Published books

1. Gordon, Henry Laing (1897). *Sir James Young Simpson and Chloroform (1811-1870)*. T. Fisher Unwin.
2. Simpson, E. Blantyre (1896). *Sir James Y. Simpson*. Oliphant, Anderson & Ferrier  via HathiTrust.
3. Stokes, William (1898). "Heroes of Medicine". *The Practitioner*. **60**: 161.
4. "Liber's Note Book". *Dominion*. 26 July 1913. p. 11. Retrieved 23 July 2020  via Papers Past.
5. "Postscript". *The Academy*. **55**: 375. 3 December 1898.
6. Simpson, E. Blantyre (1913). *Robert Louis Stevenson's Edinburgh days*. London: Hodder & Stoughton.
7. "More About R. L. S." *The Gazette Times*. Pittsburgh. 18 June 1906. p. 5. Retrieved 23 July 2020  via Newspapers.com.
8. "Miscellaneous". *Notes and Queries*. **10**: 399. 14 November 1908.
9. Simpson, E. Blantyre (1908). *Folk lore in Lowland Scotland*. London: J.M. Dent and company.
10. Dickson, Nicholas; Sanderson, William (November 1908). "The Border Bookcase". *The Border Magazine*. **13**: 209.
11. "The Reader". *The Graphic: An Illustrated Weekly Newspaper*. 26 August 1882. p. 18. Retrieved 23 July 2020  via Newspapers.com.
12. Simpson, Eva Blantyre (25 December 1896). "A Collie's Christmas". *The Salt Lake Herald*. p. 13. Retrieved 24 July 2020  via Newspapers.com.
13. Simpson, Eve Blantyre (7 November 1900). "Chillingham Castle Magnificent English Home, and its Far Famed Herd of Cattle". *The Davenport Times* (Semi-weekly ed.). Davenport, Iowa. p. 7. Retrieved 24 July 2020  via Newspapers.com.
14. Bolton, Sarah Knowles (1902). *Our Devoted Friend: The Dog*. L. C. Page. p. 28.
15. "Miss Eva Simpson: The Noted Scotch Woman Now Visiting Us". *Beatrice Evening Times*. 22 December 1899. p. 4. Retrieved 23 July 2020  via Newspapers.com.
16. "At Home". *The Manchester Guardian*. 26 January 1920. p. 14. Retrieved 23 July 2020  via Newspapers.com.
17. Simpson, E. Blantyre (1906). *Robert Louis Stevenson*. "Spirit of the Age Series", no. 2. Boston: J.W. Luce.
18. Simpson, E. Blantyre (1912). *The Robert Louis Stevenson originals*. London: T.N. Foulis.

## InfoBox

| Eve Blantyre Simpson | |
| --- | --- |
| Photographs of Eve Blantyre Simpson in the Wellcome Library collection. | |
| Born | (1855-12-15)15 December 1855
Edinburgh, Scotland |
| Died | 23 January 1920(1920-01-23) (aged 64)
Edinburgh, Scotland |
| Occupation | * Writer * historian * biographer |
| Genre | Biography, folklore |


title: Pendlebury Library of Music

abstract: The Pendlebury Library of Music is the library of the Faculty of Music, University of Cambridge, England. The current building was completed in 1984, and was designed by Sir Leslie Martin. The library is located next to the West Road Concert Hall and the Faculty of Music's old building on the Sidgwick Site, West Road, Cambridge. The current classification system is somewhat similar to the one used for music at Cambridge University Library's Music Collections, and has a basic classification approach of a three-digit number. The library is open to all members of the university.

text:
# Pendlebury Library of Music

The **Pendlebury Library of Music** is the library of the Faculty of Music, University of Cambridge, England. The current building was completed in 1984, and was designed by Sir Leslie Martin. The library is located next to the West Road Concert Hall and the Faculty of Music's old building on the Sidgwick Site, West Road, Cambridge. The current classification system is somewhat similar to the one used for music at Cambridge University Library's Music Collections, and has a basic classification approach of a three-digit number. The library is open to all members of the university.

## History

The library is named after Richard Pendlebury who had donated his collection of printed sheet music and manuscripts to the Fitzwilliam Museum, from where most of it was eventually transferred to Cambridge University Library. In 1929 this collection was given to the Music Faculty, and then the name "The Pendlebury Library of Music" was used. In 1994 all music manuscripts were transferred to Cambridge University Library. Pendlebury's original collection of printed sheet music is still accessible at the Pendlebury Library of Music.

52°12′08″N 0°06′28″E / 52.202128°N 0.107843°E / 52.202128; 0.107843


title: Phoenix Citadel

abstract: Phoenix Citadel Mall is a shopping mall in the city of Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. It is owned by Phoenix Mills Ltd., they operate 10 malls across 7 cities of India. The mall is spread over 3 floors and has a dedicated building for parking. It has 1,000,000 leasing area for shopping brands. It has a dedicated open area in front of the mall as well.

text:
# Phoenix Citadel

**Phoenix Citadel Mall** is a shopping mall in the city of Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. It is owned by Phoenix Mills Ltd. , they operate 10 malls across 7 cities of India.

The mall is spread over 3 floors and has a dedicated building for parking. It has 1,000,000 leasing area for shopping brands. It has a dedicated open area in front of the mall as well.

## Facilities

### Stores

* \[Lifestyle (department store)\] opened its second store in Phoenix citadel mall in November 2022. Lifestyle store is part of Landmarkgroup Dubai. The store carries latest trendy Branded apparels like Menswear, Ladieswear, Kidswear, Footwear, Luggages, Handbags, sunglasses, Fragrances, Watches, Cosmetics among other varieties.
* Kimirica, a luxury brand opened its flagship store recently at the mall.

### Multiplex

* The mall features an INOX multiplex along with its premium offering Insignia.

### Food Court

* There is a dedicated Food Court area with ample seating space.

## InfoBox

Phoenix Mall, Indore
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Indore, India |
| Coordinates | 22°44′47.7312″N 75°56′11.0868″E / 22.746592000°N 75.936413000°E / 22.746592000; 75.936413000 |
| Address | NH 52 Service Road, Opp. Best Price, Indore |
| Opening date | 1 December 2022 |
| Developer | Phoenix Mills Ltd. |
| Owner | Phoenix Mills Ltd. |
| No. of stores and services | 253 |
| No. of anchor tenants | 16 |
| Total retail floor area | 1,000,000 sq. ft. |
| No. of floors | 3 |
| Parking | Multilevel |
| Website | https://www.phoenixcitadel.in/ |


title: Vivacity 24

abstract: The Vivacity 24 is a British trailerable sailboat that was designed by Alan F. Hill as a cruiser and first built in 1969.

text:
# Vivacity 24

The **Vivacity 24** is a British trailerable sailboat that was designed by Alan F. Hill as a cruiser and first built in 1969.

## Production

The design was built by Russell Marine in the United Kingdom, starting in 1969, but it is now out of production.

## Design

The Vivacity 24 is a recreational keelboat, built predominantly of glassfibre, with wood trim. It has a masthead sloop rig; a spooned, raked stem; an angled transom, a skeg-mounted rudder controlled by a tiller and a fixed fin keel or optional twin keels. It displaces 4,200 lb (1,905 kg) and carries 1,750 lb (794 kg) of iron ballast.

The boat has a draft of 3.67 ft (1.12 m) with the standard keel and 2.5 ft (0.76 m) with the optional twin keels.

The boat may be fitted with an inboard engine or a small 3 to 8 hp (2 to 6 kW) outboard motor for docking and manoeuvring.

The design has sleeping accommodation for five people, with a double "V"-berth in the bow cabin and drop-down dinette table in the main cabin. The galley is located on the port side just forward of the companionway ladder. The galley is U-shaped and is equipped with a stove and a sink. The head is located just aft of the bow cabin on the starboard side. Cabin headroom is 67 in (170 cm).

The design has a hull speed of 6.1 kn (11.3 km/h).

## Operational history

In a 2010 review Steve Henkel wrote, "the Vivacity 24 is a relatively heavy and somewhat under-rigged coastal cruiser. Best features: The twin keeler sails and tracks well downwind. Worst features: Several owners say their Vivacity 24s are sluggish to windward and tend to pound in a chop. They also point out that their boats are under rigged for light air sailing conditions, and can benefit from additional light weather cruising chutes and foresails to keep them moving. But fully rigged in winds above 20 knots they can develop a nasty weather helm. Moral: reef at 15 knots."

In a 2017 review *Go Sail* noted, "the Vivacity 24 is a small solidly built small cruiser offering good safe coastal cruising with reasonable performance and well laid out accommodation for her size."

**Related development**

## InfoBox

Vivacity 24
|
V
 | |
| --- | --- |
| Development | |
| Designer | Alan F. Hill |
| Location | United Kingdom |
| Year | 1969 |
| Builder(s) | Russell Marine |
| Role | Cruiser |
| Name | Vivacity 24 |
| Boat | |
| Displacement | 4,200 lb (1,905 kg) |
| Draft | 3.67 ft (1.12 m) |
| Hull | |
| Type | monohull |
| Construction | glassfibre |
| LOA | 23.50 ft (7.16 m) |
| LWL | 20.75 ft (6.32 m) |
| Beam | 8.00 ft (2.44 m) |
| Engine type | inboard engine/outboard motor |
| Hull appendages | |
| Keel/board type | fin keel |
| Ballast | 1,750 lb (794 kg) |
| Rudder(s) | skeg-mounted rudder |
| Rig | |
| Rig type | Bermuda rig |
| foretriangle height | 24.00 ft (7.32 m) |
| foretriangle base | 9.95 ft (3.03 m) |
| mainsail luff | 21.00 ft (6.40 m) |
| mainsail foot | 10.05 ft (3.06 m) |
| Sails | |
| Sailplan | masthead sloop |
| Mainsail area | 105.53 sq ft (9.804 m2) |
| Jib/genoa area | 119.40 sq ft (11.093 m2) |
| Total sail area | 224.93 sq ft (20.897 m2) |
| \[edit on Wikidata\] | |


title: Luisa Gonzaga de León

abstract: Luisa Gonzaga de León was a Filipina author and translator. She is best known for writing and publishing the Ejercicio Cotidiano, a book of Catholic prayers translated from Spanish and Tagalog sources into the Kapampangan language, the native tongue of the people of the Pampanga province of central Luzon. These pioneering efforts to bring Catholic prayers and mass closer to the people by presenting them in their native language preceded the Second Vatican Council's move in this direction by over 100 years. With the 1844 posthumous publication of Ejercicio Cotidiano, de León became the first published native Filipina author as well as the first Kapangpangan to publish. She was also the first to translate the missal into a vernacular language of the Philippines.

text:
# Luisa Gonzaga de León

**Luisa Gonzaga de León** (June 21, 1805 – 1843) was a Filipina author and translator. She is best known for writing and publishing the *Ejercicio Cotidiano*, a book of Catholic prayers translated from Spanish and Tagalog sources into the Kapampangan language, the native tongue of the people of the Pampanga province of central Luzon. These pioneering efforts to bring Catholic prayers and mass closer to the people by presenting them in their native language preceded the Second Vatican Council's move in this direction by over 100 years.

With the 1844 posthumous publication of *Ejercicio Cotidiano*, de León became the first published native Filipina author as well as the first Kapangpangan to publish. She was also the first to translate the missal into a vernacular language of the Philippines.

## Early life and education

Luisa Gonzaga de León was born in the Cabangbangan barrio of Bacolor, Pampanga on June 21, 1805, the feast day of San Luis Gonzaga. Her parents were Jose Leonardo de León and Casimira Custodia. Both were originally from Manila and members of prominent families. Her paternal grandfather, Francisco Tico, was a Chinese entrepreneur while her maternal relatives and her paternal grandmother were native Filipinos.

The governor-general appointed her father to be notary for the Pampanga province. After King Carlos IV approved his nomination to this station on July 5, 1803, the couple moved to Bacolor.

Her parents had one son, Jose Aniceto, before she was born. It is supposed that de León studied at a religious school in Manila where she learned Spanish along with reading, writing, mathematics, and religion. de León's uncle and godfather, Dr. Pedro León de Arzega, was "the first Filipino layman to graduate with a doctorate in any field."

## Personal life

de León married Don Francisco Paula de los Santos, another Chinese mestizo, around 1820. She was around 15 years old. Only a year after their marriage, her husband assumed a leadership position in Bacolor while also serving as the governor of Pampanga province. The couple had three sons. Celestino Mariano, born July 18, 1822, became a governor of his father's home town of Porac. Jose Maria, born March 19, 1825, became governor of Bacolor. Their youngest son, Francisco, died in childhood. Between the time of Celestino's birth and Jose's birth, the couple moved from Bacolor to Porac.

Her husband, Francisco, died around 1840, and Luisa became sick soon after. As referenced in the preface of *Ejercicio Cotidiano*, she wrote the book during a period of confinement. Being afflicted with tuberculosis, she was prohibited from attending mass during the last days of her life.

Despite claiming to be an "india", a woman of Filipino descent, de León was a mestizo de sangley, possessing mixed Chinese and Filipino ancestry. Her paternal grandfather was Chinese. de León's identification with her maternal Filipino ancestors signaled where her alliances lay. They may have also helped her avoid the stigma and high taxes Chinese mestizos faced under Spanish colonial rule.

Like the first Filipina publisher, Remigia Salazar, de León pursued publishing her writing only once she had become a widow.

## *Ejercicio Cotidiano*

Based on the bibliographic record, historians believe Gonzaga de León's *Ejercicio Cotidiano* (*Daily Devotion*) to be the first book published by a native Filipino woman. The book translates, from Spanish and Tagalog to Kapampangan, Catholic prayers and the liturgy of the Catholic mass. While the 308 page book had a Spanish title, its subtitle was Kapampangan. It's translation: "Translated from the Spanish language to the Kapampangan language by Doña Luisa Gonzaga de Leon, India of the town of Bacolor."

Though the Spanish Civil Code governing the Philippines during her lifetime allowed women to publish only through her husband's permission, Gonzaga de Leon's status as a widow allowed her to bypass this obstacle. Her 1843 death, however, preceded the publication of her book. Her sons published, through the University of Santo Tomas, *Ejercicio Cotidiano* in the year or two after her death.

Spanish priests had not translated the texts associated with the Catholic mass into any of the native Filipino languages. The publication of de León's translations marked the first time the Catholic texts and prayers became accessible to a native Filipino people in the vernacular (in this case, Kapangpangan).

### Editions

No known copies of the book's first printing exist. The National Library of the Philippines possesses a copy of the 1854 second edition, which was printed by the University of Santo Tomás Press. The National Library had acquired this copy from the Compañía General de Tabacos (General Tobacco Company of the Philippines). It was one of a handful of the National Library's collection which survived World War II.

The only other known copy of this second edition is held in Library of the Colegio de Padres Agustinos in Valladolid, Spain. Further editions include the 1867, 1910, and 1967 reprintings. Gonzaga de Leon's descendent Don Mariano A. Henson published the last edition as the Catholic church began implementing the Second Vatican Council decision to deliver the mass in the language spoken by worshippers.

### Sections

The *Ejercicio Cotidiano* included sections on Prayers for Confession and Communion, Way of the Cross, Holy Rosary. It also included a section called *Trisagium* which contained sets of three-day prayers in praise of the Holy Trinity.

#### Preface

Due to its being mostly a translation, the preface represents the most original part wherein Gonzaga de Leon's personal voice shines through. This preface, the first printed essay by a Filipina writer, was "a spiritual essay rising, in the end, to poetry of mystic inspiration" similar to the ecstatic articulations of Teresa of Ávila.

The preface opens with a reference to the author's "sad and frail condition" and acknowledgment of certain limitations, including a lack of mastery in the Spanish or Tagalog languages from which she translates. She possessed more proficiency in Spanish than Tagalog.

#### Illustrations

24 illustrations by an engraver named Noguera are interspersed throughout the text. These images portray different aspects of the Catholic mass and significant events from Jesus's life. Noguera may have been an indio, a Filipino native. Notably, the illustrations also depict a native Filipino priest delivering mass, rather than a Spaniard.

1. Santiago, Luciano P. R. (2006). "Doña Luisa Gonzaga de León (1805-1843), First Filipino Woman Author: Introductory Notes". *Philippine Studies*. **54** (3): 357–380. ISSN 0031-7837. JSTOR 42633877.
2. Santiago, Luciano P.R. (2012). "The First Filipino Woman Printer-Publisher in the Spanish Period: Doña Remigia Salazar Talusan viuda de López (c1800-c1860)". *Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society*. **40** (1/2): 1–33. ISSN 0115-0243. JSTOR 24410330.
3. Santiago, Luciano P. R. (2003). "The Flowering Pen: Filipino Women Writers and Publishers during the Spanish Period, 1590-1898, A Preliminary Survey". *Philippine Studies*. **51** (4): 558–598. ISSN 0031-7837. JSTOR 42633672.
4. Pascual, Jr., Federico D. (March 5, 2009). "Kapampangan women make mark in history". *Philstar Global*.
5. Henares, I. A. S. (2001). Filipino Alcalde-Mayores in the Province of Pampanga. *Alaya: The Kapampangan Research Journal*. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ivan\_Anthony\_Henares/publication/340210462\_Filipino\_Alcaldes\_Mayores\_in\_the\_Province\_of\_Pampanga/links/5e7d2a17299bf1a91b7efcb3/Filipino-Alcaldes-Mayores-in-the-Province-of-Pampanga.pdf

## InfoBox

| Luisa Gonzaga de León | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | June 21, 1805<br>Bacolor, Pampanga, Captaincy General of the Philippines |
| Died | 1843 |
| Occupation | Author, translator |
| Nationality | Filipino |
| Genre | Spiritual |
| Notable works | *Ejercicio Cotidiano* (*Daily Devotion*) |
| Spouse | Francisco Paula de los Santos |


title: Ștefan Mihăilescu-Brăila

abstract: Ștefan Mihăilescu-Brăila was a Romanian actor. He appeared in more than fifty films from 1959 to 1984.

text:
# Ștefan Mihăilescu-Brăila

**Ștefan Mihăilescu-Brăila** (Romanian pronunciation: \[ʃteˈfan mihə.iˈlesku brəˈila\]; 3 February 1925 – 19 September 1996) was a Romanian actor. He appeared in more than fifty films from 1959 to 1984.

## Selected filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1961 | *Darclee* |  |  |
| 1965 | *Răscoala* |  |  |
| 1972 | *Then I Sentenced Them All to Death* |  |  |
| | *Cu mâinile curate* |  |  |
| 1973 | *A Police Superintendent Accuses* |  |  |
| 1976 | *In the Dust of the Stars* |  |  |
| | *Accident* |  |  |
| 1979 | *Mihail, câine de circ* |  |  |
| | *Uncle Marin, the Billionaire* |  |  |
| 1984 | *The Secret of Bacchus* |  |  |

## InfoBox

| Ștefan Mihăilescu-Brăila | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1925-02-03)3 February 1925
Brăila, Romania |
| Died | 19 September 1996(1996-09-19) (aged 71)
Bucharest, Romania |
| Occupation | Actor |
| Years active | 1959–1984 |


title: Ovaçevirme, Hınıs

abstract: Ovaçevirme is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Hınıs, Erzurum Province in Turkey. Its population is 252 (2022).

text:
# Ovaçevirme, Hınıs

**Ovaçevirme** is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Hınıs, Erzurum Province in Turkey. Its population is 252 (2022).

## InfoBox

| Ovaçevirme | |
| --- | --- |
| Neighbourhood | |
| OvaçevirmeLocation in Turkey | |
| Coordinates: 39°20′N 41°48′E / 39.333°N 41.800°E / 39.333; 41.800 | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Erzurum |
| District | Hınıs |
| Population (2022) | 252 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |


abstract: Penn Township is a township in Berks County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 1,949 at the 2010 census.

text:
# Penn Township, Berks County, Pennsylvania

**Penn Township** is a township in Berks County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 1,949 at the 2010 census.

## Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 19.1 square miles (49.4 km2), of which 18.6 square miles (48.1 km2) is land and 0.5 square mile (1.3 km2) (2.57%) is water.

**Adjacent townships**

The borough of Bernville lies between Penn Township and Jefferson Township.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1980 | 1,254 |  |  |
| 1990 | 1,831 |  | 46.0% |
| 2000 | 1,993 |  | 8.8% |
| 2010 | 1,949 |  | −2.2% |
| 2016 (est.) | 2,065 |  | 6.0% |
| Source: US Census Bureau | | | |

At the 2000 census, there were 1,993 people, 714 households, and 571 families living in the township. The population density was 107.3 inhabitants per square mile (41.4/km2). There were 744 housing units at an average density of 40.0 per square mile (15.4/km2). The racial makeup of the township was 97.39% White, 0.75% African American, 0.10% Native American, 0.50% Asian, 0.55% from other races, and 0.70% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.06%.

There were 714 households, 34.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 72.3% were married couples living together, 3.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.9% were non-families. 16.0% of households were made up of individuals, and 7.1% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.78 and the average family size was 3.12.

The age distribution was 25.5% under the age of 18, 6.7% from 18 to 24, 29.5% from 25 to 44, 27.4% from 45 to 64, and 10.9% 65 or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 107.1 males.

The median household income was $55,000 and the median family income was $62,721. Males had a median income of $41,821 versus $26,010 for females. The per capita income for the township was $22,621. About 2.5% of families and 3.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.9% of those under age 18 and 4.0% of those age 65 or over.

## Recreation

Most of the Pennsylvania State Game Lands Number 280 is located in the southwestern part of the township.

## Transportation

As of 2020, there were 48.72 miles (78.41 km) of public roads in Penn Township, of which 14.11 miles (22.71 km) were maintained by the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PennDOT) and 34.61 miles (55.70 km) were maintained by the township.

Pennsylvania Route 183 is the only numbered highway serving Penn Township. It follows a northwest-southeast alignment across the western and southern portions of the township.

## InfoBox

| Penn Township | |
| --- | --- |
| Township | |
| Municipal Building. June 2015. | |
|  | |
| Penn TownshipLocation of Penn Township in PennsylvaniaPenn TownshipPenn Township (the United States) | |
| Coordinates: 40°26′12″N 76°04′25″W / 40.43667°N 76.07361°W / 40.43667; -76.07361 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Pennsylvania |
| County | Berks |
| Area | |
| Total | 18.98 sq mi (49.15 km2) |
| Land | 18.48 sq mi (47.87 km2) |
| Water | 0.49 sq mi (1.27 km2) |
| Elevation | 459 ft (140 m) |
| Population (2010) | |
| Total | 1,949 |
| Estimate (2016) | 2,065 |
| Density | 111.71/sq mi (43.13/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (EST) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| Area code(s) | 610 |
| FIPS code | 42-011-58784 |


abstract: The following is a list of Texas A&M Aggies men's basketball head coaches. The Aggies have had 22 coaches in their 117-season history. Texas A&M's current head coach is Buzz Williams.

text:
# List of Texas A&M Aggies men's basketball head coaches

The following is a **list of Texas A&M Aggies men's basketball head coaches**. The Aggies have had 22 coaches in their 117-season history.

Texas A&M's current head coach is Buzz Williams.

| No. | Tenure | Coach | Years | Record | Pct. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 1912–1915 | F.D. Steger | 3 | 22–6 | .786 |
| 2 | 1915–1916 | Tubby Graves | 1 | 11–2 | .846 |
| 3 | 1916–1917 | W.H.H. Morris | 1 | 11–8 | .579 |
| 4 | 1917–1920 | Bill Driver | 3 | 42–13 | .764 |
| 5 | 1920–1927 | Dana X. Bible | 7 | 90–47 | .657 |
| 6 | 1927–1929 | Charles Bassett | 2 | 16–18 | .471 |
| 7 | 1929–1935 | John B. Reid | 6 | 66–52 | .559 |
| 8 | 1935–1941 | Herb McQuillan | 6 | 56–71 | .441 |
| 9 | 1941–1942
1945–1950 | Marty Karow | 6 | 47–97 | .326 |
| 10 | 1942–1945 | Manning Smith | 3 | 16–44 | .267 |
| 11 | 1950–1955 | John Floyd | 5 | 38–82 | .317 |
| 12 | 1955–1957 | Ken Loeffler | 2 | 13–35 | .271 |
| 13 | 1957–1963 | Bob Rogers | 6 | 92–52 | .639 |
| 14 | 1963–1990 | Shelby Metcalf | 2612 | 438–306 | .589 |
| 15 | 1990 | John Thornton
(interim) | 12 | 5–7 | .417 |
| 16 | 1990–1991 | Kermit Davis Jr. | 1 | 8–21 | .276 |
| 17 | 1991–1998 | Tony Barone | 7 | 76–120 | .388 |
| 18 | 1998–2004 | Melvin Watkins | 6 | 60–112 | .349 |
| 19 | 2004–2007 | Billy Gillispie | 3 | 70–26 | .729 |
| 20 | 2007–2011 | Mark Turgeon | 4 | 97–40 | .708 |
| 21 | 2011–2019 | Billy Kennedy | 8 | 151–116 | .566 |
| 22 | 2019–present | Buzz Williams | 4 | 76–47 | .618 |
| Totals | | 22 coaches | 111 seasons | 1,501–1,322 | .532 |
| *Records updated through end of 2022–23 season*
Source | | | | | |

1. "2022-23 Texas A&M Men's Basketball Media Guide" (PDF). Texas A&M Athletics. Retrieved September 27, 2023.


title: Vivadixiesubmarinetransmissionplot

abstract:
Vivadixiesubmarinetransmissionplot is the debut studio album by American indie rock band Sparklehorse, released on August 1, 1995, in the US and on May 6, 1996, in the UK by Capitol Records.
The album was largely recorded with musicians from Cracker, for which Mark Linkous worked at the time as guitar tech, roadie and sometimes-collaborator. Most of the album was produced and recorded with Cracker's David Lowery, under the pseudonym David Charles.

text:
# Vivadixiesubmarinetransmissionplot

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *NME* | 9/10 |
| *Spin* | 7/10 |

***Vivadixiesubmarinetransmissionplot*** is the debut studio album by American indie rock band Sparklehorse, released on August 1, 1995, in the US and on May 6, 1996, in the UK by Capitol Records. The album was largely recorded with musicians from Cracker, for which Mark Linkous worked at the time as guitar tech, roadie and sometimes-collaborator. Most of the album was produced and recorded with Cracker's David Lowery, under the pseudonym David Charles.

## Background

The story of *Vivadixiesubmarinetransmissionplot* began in the late 1980s, when Mark Linkous, the guitarist and singer for a Los Angeles band called the Dancing Hoods, relocated to Richmond, Virginia, in an attempt to kick his drug addiction and make a fresh start. At the time, Linkous had all but given up on a career in music: "I was fed up with the music scene. It was so nasty \[in Los Angeles\]. That was the height of glam rock. Bands like Poison were supposed to be important."

Upon arriving in Richmond, Linkous began playing music with his brother Matt, who lived in the city, and other local musicians, including a traditional Irish group. He found himself drawn to the pure sounds of old-time music, and was inspired enough by its honesty to begin a concerted effort to reinvent his songwriting. As he told *Rolling Stone* in 1999, "That period was about abandoning a lot of things and just starting from scratch and learning how to write again – learning how to make art out of pain or clay."

Linkous' passion for making music was also rekindled by listening to the music of Tom Waits; he once called Waits' albums *Swordfishtrombones*, *Rain Dogs* and *Bone Machine* the "road map" for *Vivadixie*. And in a 2006 interview, he even singled out a recording of Waits singing Gavin Bryars' "Jesus' Blood Never Failed Me Yet" as the one song that "sort of saved me when I had given up \[making music\]."

At his Richmond practice space—located inside an old music club called the Mosque—Linkous met ex-Camper Van Beethoven frontman David Lowery. Like Linkous, Lowery had also recently moved to Richmond. Lowery was in the process of forming a new band called Cracker, and opening up his Sound of Music recording studio, where production for *Vivadixie* would later take place.

The unusual title of the album came from a dream that Linkous had - he described it as being "about General Lee having a crude submarine back in the Civil War, and \[in the dream\] I could hear an old-time band playing inside, all distorted by the water".

## Recording

The very first recordings made under the name Sparklehorse occurred when Lowery went on tour and left an eight-track recorder at Linkous' house.

*Vivadixie* featured a mix of old songs that Linkous had written years before ("Someday I Will Treat You Good") and others that were reportedly written just hours before they were tracked ("Cow" and "Weird Sisters"). The song "Spirit Ditch" features a phone message from Linkous' mother. Not wanting to record a guitar solo for the song, Linkous instead discovered what he wanted for the tune's middle section when he called home to check his messages. The lyrics for "Spirit Ditch" include the line "horse-laughter is dragging pianos to the ocean", which was inspired by a scene from the Luis Buñuel film *Un chien andalou*.

Although he once explained the album's idiosyncratic sound by admitting "I didn't know what I was doing", Linkous purposely used found sounds throughout the recording of the album – these included sounds that he found on records, sounds that he recorded and, in one instance ("Ballad of a Cold Lost Marble"), the sound that a defective amplifier was making when a guitar was plugged into it.

A drum machine was used on some songs instead of a live drummer, so, as a joke, Linkous listed "Al Esis" as a band member in a band bio ("Alesis" is the name of a drum machine manufacturer).

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Mark Linkous

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Homecoming Queen" | 3:36 |
| 2. | "Weird Sisters" | 5:00 |
| 3. | "850 Double Pumper Holley" | 0:36 |
| 4. | "Rainmaker" | 3:47 |
| 5. | "Spirit Ditch" | 3:24 |
| 6. | "Tears on Fresh Fruit" | 2:08 |
| 7. | "Saturday" | 2:27 |
| 8. | "Cow" | 7:05 |
| 9. | "Little Bastard Choo Choo" | 0:47 |
| 10. | "Hammering the Cramps" | 2:49 |
| 11. | "Most Beautiful Widow in Town" | 3:19 |
| 12. | "Heart of Darkness" | 1:52 |
| 13. | "Ballad of a Cold Lost Marble" | 0:45 |
| 14. | "Someday I Will Treat You Good" | 3:42 |
| 15. | "Sad & Beautiful World" | 3:33 |
| 16. | "Gasoline Horseys" | 2:40 |

Vinyl bonus tracks
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 17. | "Waiting for Nothing" | 2:28 |
| 18. | "Happy Place" | 2:17 |

## Personnel

* Mark Linkous – vocals, multiple instruments, production, engineering, mixing
* David Lowery (credited as "David Charles") – bass, drums, guitar (nylon), guitar (electric), keyboards, engineering, mixing, production
* Johnny Hott – drums, percussion
* Bob Rupe – bass, voices
* Paul Watson – guitar
* Mike Lucas – pedal steel
* Armistead Wellford – bass
* David Bush – drums
* Al Esis - Drums (but better)
* Dennis Herring – vibraphone, engineering, mixing, production

Technical

## InfoBox

| Vivadixiesubmarine
transmissionplot | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Sparklehorse | |
| Released | August 1, 1995 |
| Studio | Sound of Music Recording Studios |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 47:30 |
| Label | Capitol |
| Producer |  |
| Sparklehorse chronology | |
| ***Vivadixiesubmarine
transmissionplot***
(1995) *Good Morning Spider*
(1998) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Vivadixiesubmarinetransmissionplot* | |
| 1. "Spirit Ditch"/"Waiting for Nothing"
Released: May 1995 2. "Hammering the Cramps"/"Too Late"
Released: August 1995 3. "Someday I Will Treat You Good"
Released: February 5, 1996 4. "Hammering the Cramps"/"Spirit Ditch"
Released: April 29, 1996 (reissue) 5. "Rainmaker"/"I Almost Lost My Mind"
Released: August 19, 1996 | |
|  | |


title: Luganega

abstract: Luganega is an Italian fresh sausage made with pork. It is a traditional food from Lombardy, Veneto and northern Italy and is usually rolled up to appear like a snail. However, the sausage is originally from Southern Italy, deriving from the Italic tribe called the Lucanians, which lived in Basilicata and Calabria in pre-Roman Italy. Lucanian soldiers spread the sausage called Lucanica to Rome and from there to other parts of the Latin-speaking empire, where it survives in many languages in similar form, for example, the Portuguese Linguica. Luganega is part of the risotto alla monzese, a variant of risotto alla milanese, can be used in barbecues or in rich stews together with mushrooms or potatoes. It has a few variations: in the richest one pork is united with Grana Padano, Marsala wine and broth.

text:
# Luganega

***Luganega*** (also called *luganiga*, *luganica* or *lucanica*) is an Italian fresh sausage made with pork. It is a traditional food from Lombardy, Veneto and northern Italy and is usually rolled up to appear like a snail. However, the sausage is originally from Southern Italy, deriving from the Italic tribe called the Lucanians, which lived in Basilicata and Calabria in pre-Roman Italy. Lucanian soldiers spread the sausage called Lucanica to Rome and from there to other parts of the Latin-speaking empire, where it survives in many languages in similar form, for example, the Portuguese Linguica.

*Luganega* is part of the *risotto alla monzese* (Monza-style risotto), a variant of *risotto alla milanese*, can be used in barbecues or in rich stews together with mushrooms or potatoes.

It has a few variations: in the richest one pork is united with Grana Padano, Marsala wine and broth.

## InfoBox

*Luganega*
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Alternative names | *Luganiga*, *luganica*, *lucanica* |
| Place of origin | Italy |
| Region or state | Northern Italy |
| Main ingredients | Pork |
| Variations | With cheese, sweet wine, broth |


abstract: Berl Huffman coached the Texas Tech Red Raiders basketball teams from 1935 through 1942 and the 1946–47 season. Huffman was the first head coach to coach the Red Raiders in nonconsecutive terms. Huffman compiled a 121–67 record. Under Huffman, the Red Raiders received their first postseason bid to the NAIB tournament.

text:
# Texas Tech Red Raiders basketball under Berl Huffman

**Berl Huffman** coached the Texas Tech Red Raiders basketball teams from 1935 through 1942 and the 1946–47 season. Huffman was the first head coach to coach the Red Raiders in nonconsecutive terms. Huffman compiled a 121–67 record. Under Huffman, the Red Raiders received their first postseason bid to the NAIB tournament.

## 1935–36

Source:

## 1936–37

| 1936–37 Texas Tech Matadors men's basketball | |
| --- | --- |
| Conference | Border Intercollegiate Athletic Association |
| Record | 18–7 (8–6 Border) |
| Head coach |  |
|

Source:

## 1937–38

| 1937–38 Texas Tech Red Raiders basketball | |
| --- | --- |
| Conference | Border Intercollegiate Athletic Association |
| Record | 9–13 (7–7 Border) |
| Head coach |  |
|

Source:

## 1938–39

| 1938–39 Texas Tech Red Raiders basketball | |
| --- | --- |
| Conference | Border Intercollegiate Athletic Association |
| Record | 13–6 (13–3 Border) |
| Head coach |  |
|

Source:

## 1939–40

| 1939–40 Texas Tech Red Raiders basketball | |
| --- | --- |
| Conference | Independent |
| Record | 21–7 |
| Head coach |  |
|

Source:

## 1940–41

| 1940–41 Texas Tech Red Raiders basketball | |
| --- | --- |
| Conference | Independent |
| Record | 19–6 |
| Head coach |  |
|

Source:

## 1941–42

| 1941–42 Texas Tech Red Raiders basketball | |
| --- | --- |
| Conference | Border Intercollegiate Athletic Association |
| Record | 16–11 (12–4 Border) |
| Head coach |  |
|

Source:

## 1946–47

| 1946–47 Texas Tech Red Raiders basketball | |
| --- | --- |
| Conference | Border Intercollegiate Athletic Association |
| Record | 16–11 (12–4 Border) |
| Head coach |  |
|

Source:

## InfoBox

| 1935–36 Texas Tech Matadors men's basketball | |
| --- | --- |
| Conference | Border Intercollegiate Athletic Association |
| Record | 10–10 (8–6 Border) |
| Head coach |  |
|


title: Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma

abstract: Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma is a mature T-cell lymphoma of blood or lymph vessel immunoblasts characterized by a polymorphous lymph node infiltrate showing a marked increase in follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) and high endothelial venules (HEVs) and systemic involvement.

text:
# Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma

**Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma** (**AITL**, sometimes misspelled **AILT**, formerly known as "**angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinemia**") is a mature T-cell lymphoma of blood or lymph vessel immunoblasts characterized by a polymorphous lymph node infiltrate showing a marked increase in follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) and high endothelial venules (HEVs) and systemic involvement.

## Signs and symptoms

Patients with AITL usually present at an advanced stage and show systemic involvement. The clinical findings typically include a pruritic skin rash and possibly edema, ascites, pleural effusions, and arthritis.

## Causes

AITL was originally thought to be a premalignant condition, termed angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy, and this atypical reactive lymphadenopathy carried a risk for transformation into a lymphoma. It is postulated that the originating cell for AITL is a mature (post-thymic) CD4+ T-cell that arises *de novo*, or that the disease has a premalignant subtype. The Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is observed in the majority of cases, being identified in the reactive (i.e. non-malignant) B-cells that comprise part of the polymorphous infiltrate of AITL. These EBV+ B cells have numerous non-malignant crippling mutations, often proliferate excessively, and in some cases may transform into EBV+ B cell lymphomas. The other cell types in these infiltrates, including the malignant TFH cells, are EBV negative. While the World Health Organization (2016) has classified these EBV-associated cases as one of the Epstein-Barr virus-associated lymphoproliferative diseases (see EBV+ angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma, the role of the virus in the development and progression of EBV+ angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma is unclear. Immunodeficiency is also seen with AITL, but it is a sequela and not a predisposing factor.

## Diagnosis

### Laboratory findings

The classical laboratory finding is polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia, and other immunoglobulin derangements are also seen, including hemolytic anemia with cold agglutinins, circulating immune complexes, anti-smooth muscle antibodies, and positive rheumatoid factor.

### Lymph node

The normal architecture of a lymph node is partially effaced by a polymorphous infiltrate and residual follicles are commonly seen. The polymorphous infiltrate consists of lymphocytes of moderate size with pale/clear cytoplasm and smaller reactive lymphocytes, eosinophils, histiocytes, plasma cells, and follicular dendritic cells. In addition, blast-like B-cells are occasionally seen. A classic morphological finding is the aborization and proliferation of high endothelial venules. Hyperplastic germinal centers and Reed-Sternberg-like cells can also be seen.

### Immunophenotype

AITL typically has the phenotype of a mixture of CD4\+ and CD8\+ T-cells, with a CD4:CD8 ratio greater than unity. Polyclonal plasma cells and CD21\+ follicular dendritic cells are also seen.

### Molecular findings

Clonal T-cell receptor gene rearrangements are detected in 75% of cases, and immunoglobin gene rearrangements are seen in 10% of cases, and these cases are believed to be due to expanded EBV-driven B-cell populations. Similarly, EBV-related sequences can be detected in most cases, usually in B-cells but occasionally in T-cells. Trisomy 3, trisomy 5, and +X are the most frequent chromosomal abnormalities found in AITL cases.

## Treatment

## Epidemiology

The typical patient with angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) is either middle-aged or elderly, and no gender preference for this disease has been observed. AITL comprises 15–20% of peripheral T-cell lymphomas and 1–2% of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas.

## InfoBox

| Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma | |
| --- | --- |
| Other names | immunoblastic lymphadenopathy (Lukes-Collins Classification), AILD-type (lymphogranulomatosis X) T-cell lymphoma (Kiel Classification) |
| Specialty | Hematology and oncology |


title: Exocentrus

abstract: Exocentrus is a genus of longhorn beetles of the subfamily Lamiinae.

text:
# Exocentrus

***Exocentrus*** is a genus of longhorn beetles of the subfamily Lamiinae.

## Species

## InfoBox

| *Exocentrus* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Exocentrus lusitanus* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Tribe: | Acanthocinini |
| Genus: | *Exocentrus* |
|


title: Pene Erenio

abstract: Pene Erenio in Fiji is a footballer who plays as a midfielder. He currently plays for Savusavu in the Senior League and the Fiji national football team.

text:
# Pene Erenio

**Pene Erenio** (born 20 January 1981) in Fiji is a footballer who plays as a midfielder. He currently plays for Savusavu in the Senior League (Second Tier) and the Fiji national football team.

## InfoBox

Pene Erenio
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Pene Erenio | | |
| Date of birth | (1981-01-20) 20 January 1981 | | |
| Place of birth | Fiji | | |
| Position(s) | Midfielder | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | Savusavu | | |
| Number | 5 | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2003 | Olympian Team |  |  |
| 2004–2010 | Rewa |  |  |
| 2011–2016 | Navua |  |  |
| 2016– | Savusavu |  |  |
| International career | | | |
| 2004–2011 | Fiji | 16 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 24 January 2012<br>‡ National team caps and goals, correct as of 24 January 2012 | | | |


title: Uncle Jasper's Will

abstract: Uncle Jasper's Will is a 1922 race film directed, produced and written by Oscar Micheaux. The film is a drama about the contents of a last will and testament left behind by an African-American sharecropper who was lynched after being falsely accused of the murder of a white plantation owner. The film was intended as a sequel to Micheaux’s landmark feature Within Our Gates (1920).

text:
# Uncle Jasper's Will

***Uncle Jasper's Will*** (also released as ***Jasper Landry's Will***) is a 1922 race film directed, produced and written by Oscar Micheaux. The film is a drama about the contents of a last will and testament left behind by an African-American sharecropper who was lynched after being falsely accused of the murder of a white plantation owner. The film was intended as a sequel to Micheaux’s landmark feature *Within Our Gates* (1920).

## Cast

## InfoBox

| Uncle Jasper's Will | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Oscar Micheaux |
| Written by | Oscar Micheaux |
| Produced by | Oscar Micheaux |
| Release date | * 1922 (1922) |
| Country | USA |
| Language | English (silent) |


abstract: The Emirati ambassador to the Court of St James's is the official representative of the Government in Abu Dhabi to the Government of the United Kingdom and Ireland.

text:
# List of ambassadors of the United Arab Emirates to the United Kingdom

The **Emirati ambassador to the Court of St James's** is the official representative of the Government in Abu Dhabi to the Government of the United Kingdom and Ireland.

## History

Relations between both countries were established in 1971, with the United Kingdom accrediting its first non-resident ambassador that year.

## List of representatives

| Diplomatic accreditation | Ambassador | Emirati president | Monarch of the United Kingdom | Term end | Observations |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1971 | Mahdi Al Tajir | Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan | Elizabeth II | 1987 |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1991 | Easa Saleh Al Gurg | Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan (1991–2004)
Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan (2004–2009) | Elizabeth II | 2009 |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2016 | Sulaiman Al Mazroui | Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan | Elizabeth II | 2019 | Previously UAE Ambassador to Belgium and headed the UAE Mission to the European Union |
| 2019 | Mansoor Abulhoul | Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan (2019–2022)
Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan(2022-Present) | Elizabeth II (2019–2022)
Charles III (2022–Present) | *Incumbent* |  |
|

## InfoBox

| Ambassador of United Arab Emirates to the United Kingdom | |
| --- | --- |
| Coat of Arms of the UAE | |
| Incumbent
Mansoor Abulhoul
since June 14, 2019 | |
| Ministry of Foreign Affairs | |
| Style | His Excellency |
| Formation | 1971 |


title: List of knights of St Patrick

abstract: The Most Illustrious Order of Saint Patrick is a British order of chivalry associated with Ireland. The Order was created in 1783 by George III at the instigation of the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, The 3rd Earl Temple. The regular creation of knights of Saint Patrick lasted until 1921, when most of Ireland became independent as the Irish Free State. While the Order technically still exists, no knight of St Patrick has been created since 1936, and the last surviving knight, Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester, died in 1974. The King, however, remains the Sovereign of the Order. The position of King of Arms of the order was held by Ulster King of Arms; this office still exists, since 1943 it has been combined with Norroy King of Arms. St Patrick is patron of the order; its motto is Quis separabit?, Latin for "Who will separate us?": an allusion to the Vulgate translation of Romans 8:35, "Who shall separate us from the love of Christ?" The first appointments were made on 11 March 1783, and consisted of 15 Knight Founders, and in total there have been 145 appointments. The original Royal Warrant specified that there were to be no more than fifteen knights of the Order at any one time, something that changed in 1821 when George IV appointed an extra six knights. William IV appointed an additional four knights at his coronation, and on 24 January 1833 increased the maximum number of knights to 22.

text:
# List of knights of St Patrick

The Most Illustrious Order of Saint Patrick is a British order of chivalry associated with Ireland. The Order was created in 1783 by George III at the instigation of the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, The 3rd Earl Temple (1753–1813; created The 1st Marquess of Buckingham in 1784). The regular creation of knights of Saint Patrick lasted until 1921, when most of Ireland became independent as the Irish Free State. While the Order technically still exists, no knight of St Patrick has been created since 1936, and the last surviving knight, Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester, died in 1974. The King, however, remains the Sovereign of the Order. The position of King of Arms of the order was held by Ulster King of Arms; this office still exists, since 1943 it has been combined with Norroy King of Arms. St Patrick is patron of the order; its motto is *Quis separabit?*, Latin for "Who will separate us?": an allusion to the Vulgate translation of Romans 8:35, "Who shall separate us from the love of Christ?"

The first appointments were made on 11 March 1783, and consisted of 15 Knight Founders, and in total there have been 145 appointments. The original Royal Warrant (dated 5 February 1783) specified that there were to be no more than fifteen knights of the Order at any one time, something that changed in 1821 when George IV appointed an extra six knights (although the royal warrant was not altered to reflect this change until 1830). William IV appointed an additional four knights at his coronation, and on 24 January 1833 increased the maximum number of knights to 22.

| Date | Image | Name | Born/Died | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|
| 11 March 1783 |  | Prince Edward Augustus | 2 November 1767 – 23 January 1820 | Knight Founder; later Duke of Kent and Strathearn |
| 11 March 1783 |  | William FitzGerald, 2nd Duke of Leinster | 13 March 1749 – 20 October 1804 | Knight Founder |
| 11 March 1783 |  | Henry de Burgh, 12th Earl of Clanricarde | 8 January 1742 – 8 December 1797 | Knight Founder; Later Marquess of Clanricarde |
| 11 March 1783 |  | Thomas Nugent, 6th Earl of Westmeath | April 1714 – 7 September 1790 | Knight Founder |
| 11 March 1783 |  | Murrough O'Brien, 5th Earl of Inchiquin | 1726 – 10 February 1808 | Knight Founder; Later Marquess of Thomond |
| 11 March 1783 |  | Charles Moore, 6th Earl of Drogheda | 29 June 1730 – 22 December 1822 | Knight Founder; Later Marquess of Drogheda |
| 11 March 1783 |  | George Beresford, 2nd Earl of Tyrone | 8 January 1735 – 3 December 1800 | Knight Founder; Later Marquess of Waterford |
| 11 March 1783 |  | Richard Boyle, 2nd Earl of Shannon | 30 January 1727 – 20 May 1807 | Knight Founder |
| 11 March 1783 |  | James Hamilton, 2nd Earl of Clanbrassil | 23 August 1730 – 6 February 1798 | Knight Founder |
| 11 March 1783 |  | Richard Colley Wellesley, 2nd Earl of Mornington | 20 June 1760 – 26 September 1842 | Knight Founder; Later Marquess Wellesley, resigned to become a member of the Order of the Garter |
| 11 March 1783 |  | Arthur Gore, 2nd Earl of Arran | 25 July 1734 – 8 October 1809 | Knight Founder |
| 11 March 1783 |  | James Stopford, 2nd Earl of Courtown | 28 May 1731 – 30 March 1810 | Knight Founder |
| 11 March 1783 |  | James Caulfeild, 1st Earl of Charlemont | 18 August 1728 – 4 August 1799 | Knight Founder |
| 11 March 1783 |  | Thomas Taylour, 1st Earl of Bective | 20 October 1724 – 14 February 1795 | Knight Founder |
| 11 March 1783 |  | Henry Loftus, 1st Earl of Ely | 18 November 1709 – 8 May 1783 | Knight Founder |
| 5 February 1784 |  | John Proby, 2nd Baron Carysfort | 12 August 1751 – 7 April 1828 | Later Earl of Carysfort |
| 12 December 1794 |  | Charles Loftus, 1st Earl of Ely | 23 January 1738 – 22 March 1806 | Later Marquess of Ely |
| 30 March 1795 |  | William Fortescue, 1st Earl of Clermont | 5 August 1722 – 30 September 1806 |  |
| 19 March 1798 |  | Walter Butler, 18th Earl of Ormonde | 5 February 1770 – 10 August 1820 | Later Marquess of Ormonde |
| 19 March 1798 |  | Charles Dillon, 12th Viscount Dillon | 6 November 1745 – 9 November 1813 |  |
| 5 August 1800 |  | John Browne, 3rd Earl of Altamont | 11 June 1756 – 2 January 1809 | Later Marquess of Sligo |
| 22 January 1801 |  | Henry Conyngham, 1st Earl Conyngham | 26 December 1766 – 28 December 1832 | Later Marquess Conyngham |
| 14 March 1806 |  | Henry Beresford, 2nd Marquess of Waterford | 23 May 1772 – 16 July 1826 |  |
| 15 May 1806 |  | Thomas Taylour, 1st Marquess of Headfort | 18 November 1757 – 23 October 1829 |  |
| 13 November 1806 |  | Robert Jocelyn, 2nd Earl of Roden | 26 October 1756 – 29 June 1820 |  |
| 3 November 1807 |  | John Loftus, 2nd Marquess of Ely | 15 February 1770 – 23 September 1845 |  |
| 5 April 1808 |  | Henry Boyle, 3rd Earl of Shannon | 8 August 1771 – 22 April 1842 |  |
| 13 February 1809 |  | Charles O'Neill, 1st Earl O'Neill | 22 January 1779 – 25 March 1841 |  |
| 11 November 1809 |  | William O'Brien, 2nd Marquess of Thomond | 1765 – 21 August 1846 |  |
| 24 March 1810 |  | Howe Browne, 2nd Marquess of Sligo | 18 May 1788 – 26 January 1845 |  |
| 27 April 1810 |  | John Cole, 2nd Earl of Enniskillen | 23 March 1768 – 31 March 1840 |  |
| 17 December 1813 |  | Thomas Pakenham, 2nd Earl of Longford | 14 May 1774 – 24 May 1835 |  |
| 20 August 1821 |  | Prince Ernest Augustus, Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale | 5 June 1771 – 18 November 1851 | Later Ernest Augustus I, King of Hanover |
| 20 August 1821 |  | George Chichester, 2nd Marquess of Donegall | 14 August 1769 – 5 October 1844 |  |
| 20 August 1821 |  | Du Pre Alexander, 2nd Earl of Caledon | 14 December 1777 – 8 April 1839 | Former Governor of the Cape Colony |
| 20 August 1821 |  | Charles Chetwynd-Talbot, 2nd Earl Talbot | 25 April 1777 – 10 January 1849 | Resigned to accept membership in the Order of the Garter |
| 20 August 1821 |  | James Butler, 19th Earl of Ormonde | 15 July 1777 – 18 May 1838 | Later Marquess of Ormonde |
| 20 August 1821 |  | John Brabazon, 10th Earl of Meath | 9 April 1772 – 15 March 1851 | Custos Rotulorum of County Wicklow |
| 20 August 1821 |  | Arthur Plunkett, 8th Earl of Fingall | 9 September 1759 – 30 July 1836 | First Catholic appointed |
| 20 August 1821 |  | James Stopford, 3rd Earl of Courtown | 15 August 1765 – 15 June 1835 | Captain of the Honourable Band of Gentlemen Pensioners |
| 20 August 1821 |  | Robert Jocelyn, 3rd Earl of Roden | 27 October 1788 – 20 March 1870 | Vice-Chamberlain of the Household |
| 19 October 1831 |  | Ulick de Burgh, 1st Marquess of Clanricarde | 20 December 1802 – 10 April 1874 | Captain of the Yeomen of the Guard |
| 19 October 1831 |  | Francis Caulfeild, 2nd Earl of Charlemont | 3 January 1775 – 26 December 1863 |  |
| 24 November 1831 |  | Arthur Hill, 3rd Marquess of Downshire | 8 October 1788 – 12 April 1845 | Lord Lieutenant of Down |
| 24 November 1831 |  | Francis Mathew, 2nd Earl Landaff | 20 January 1768 – 12 March 1833 |  |
| 27 March 1833 |  | Francis Conyngham, 2nd Marquess Conyngham | 11 June 1797 – 17 July 1876 | Former Master of the Robes |
| 8 April 1834 |  | Nathaniel Clements, 2nd Earl of Leitrim | 9 May 1768 – 31 December 1854 | Lord Lieutenant of Leitrim |
| 8 April 1834 |  | John Hely-Hutchinson, 3rd Earl of Donoughmore | 1787 – 14 September 1851 | Lord Lieutenant of Tipperary |
| 22 July 1835 |  | Edmund Boyle, 8th Earl of Cork | 21 October 1767 – 30 June 1856 |  |
| 22 July 1835 |  | Thomas St Lawrence, 3rd Earl of Howth | 16 August 1803 – 4 February 1874 |  |
| 12 September 1837 |  | Thomas Southwell, 3rd Viscount Southwell | 25 February 1777 – 29 February 1860 |  |
| 15 April 1839 |  | Thomas Taylour, 2nd Marquess of Headfort | 4 May 1787 – 6 December 1870 | Lord-Lieutenant of County Cavan |
| 29 April 1839 |  | William Hare, 2nd Earl of Listowel | 22 September 1801 – 3 February 1856 |  |
| 13 March 1841 |  | Joseph Leeson, 4th Earl of Milltown | 11 February 1799 – 31 January 1866 |  |
| 6 May 1841 |  | Philip Gore, 4th Earl of Arran | 23 November 1801 – 25 June 1884 |  |
| 20 January 1842 |  | Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha | 26 August 1819 – 14 December 1861 |  |
| 5 June 1842 |  | William Howard, 4th Earl of Wicklow | 13 February 1791 – 22 March 1869 | Lord Lieutenant of Wicklow |
| 4 January 1845 |  | William Parsons, 3rd Earl of Rosse | 17 June 1800 – 31 October 1867 | Lord Lieutenant of King's County |
| 4 January 1845 |  | Henry Beresford, 3rd Marquess of Waterford | 26 April 1811 – 29 March 1859 |  |
| 17 September 1845 |  | John FitzGibbon, 2nd Earl of Clare | 10 July 1792 – 18 August 1851 |  |
| 17 September 1845 |  | John Butler, 2nd Marquess of Ormonde | 24 August 1808 – 25 September 1854 |  |
| 12 November 1845 |  | Henry Maxwell, 7th Baron Farnham | 9 August 1799 – 20 August 1868 |  |
| 9 October 1846 |  | Arthur Plunkett, 9th Earl of Fingall | 29 March 1791 – 21 April 1869 |  |
| 3 July 1851 |  | John Skeffington, 10th Viscount Massereene | 30 November 1812 – 28 April 1863 |  |
| 17 November 1851 |  | Prince George William Frederick Charles, Duke of Cambridge | 26 March 1819 – 17 March 1904 |  |
| 18 November 1851 |  | Robert Carew, 1st Baron Carew | 9 March 1787 – 2 June 1856 | Lord Lieutenant of County Wexford |
| 22 February 1855 |  | Richard Dawson, 3rd Baron Cremorne | 7 September 1817 – 11 May 1897 | Later Earl of Dartrey |
| 22 February 1855 |  | Archibald Acheson, 3rd Earl of Gosford | 20 August 1806 – 15 June 1864 |  |
| 28 August 1856 |  | Frederick Stewart, 4th Marquess of Londonderry | 7 July 1805 – 25 November 1872 | Lord Lieutenant of Down and former Vice-Chamberlain of the Household |
| 30 January 1857 |  | George Forbes, 7th Earl of Granard | 5 August 1833 – 25 August 1889 | Lord Lieutenant of Leitrim |
| 30 January 1857 |  | Hugh Gough, 1st Viscount Gough | 3 November 1779 – 2 March 1869 | Colonel of the Royal Regiment of Horse Guards (The Blues) |
| 3 February 1857 |  | George Chichester, 3rd Marquess of Donegall | 10 February 1797 – 20 October 1883 | Lord Lieutenant of Antrim and former Captain of the Yeomen of the Guard |
| 24 May 1859 |  | Arthur Hill, 4th Marquess of Downshire | 6 August 1812 – 6 August 1868 |  |
| 13 June 1860 |  | Richard Boyle, 9th Earl of Cork | 19 April 1829 – 22 June 1904 |  |
| 28 January 1864 |  | Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 5th Baron Dufferin and Claneboye | 21 June 1826 – 12 February 1902 | Later Marquess of Dufferin and Ava |
| 31 March 1864 |  | Charles Brownlow, 2nd Baron Lurgan | 10 April 1831 – 15 January 1882 | Lord Lieutenant of Armagh |
| 28 December 1865 |  | James Caulfeild, 3rd Earl of Charlemont | 6 October 1820 – 12 January 1892 | Lord Lieutenant of Tyrone |
| 13 March 1866 |  | Edwin Wyndham-Quin, 3rd Earl of Dunraven and Mount-Earl | 19 May 1812 – 6 October 1871 | Lord Lieutenant of Limerick |
| 7 February 1868 |  | Henry Moore, 3rd Marquess of Drogheda | 14 August 1825 – 29 June 1892 |  |
| 18 March 1868 |  | Albert Edward, Prince of Wales | 9 November 1841 – 6 May 1910 | Later Edward VII, King of the United Kingdom |
| 17 November 1868 |  | John Beresford, 5th Marquess of Waterford | 21 May 1844 – 23 October 1895 |  |
| 17 November 1868 |  | John Crichton, 3rd Earl Erne | 30 July 1802 – 3 October 1885 | Lord Lieutenant of Fermanagh |
| 18 January 1869 |  | Richard Bourke, 6th Earl of Mayo | 21 February 1822 – 8 February 1872 | Governor-General of India |
| 30 March 1869 |  | Prince Arthur William Patrick Albert | 1 May 1850 – 16 January 1942 | Later Duke of Connaught and Strathearn |
| 2 June 1869 |  | Granville Proby, 4th Earl of Carysfort | 14 September 1824 – 18 May 1872 | Former Comptroller of the Household |
| 2 June 1869 |  | Archibald Acheson, 4th Earl of Gosford | 2 August 1841 – 11 April 1922 |  |
| 2 August 1871 |  | Mervyn Wingfield, 7th Viscount Powerscourt | 13 October 1836 – 5 June 1904 |  |
| 2 August 1871 |  | Thomas Southwell, 4th Viscount Southwell | 6 April 1836 – 26 April 1878 | Lord Lieutenant of Leitrim |
| 29 February 1872 |  | Robert Carew, 2nd Baron Carew | 28 January 1818 – 8 September 1881 | Lord Lieutenant of Wexford |
| 1 June 1872 |  | Valentine Browne, 4th Earl of Kenmare | 16 May 1825 – 9 February 1905 | Lord Lieutenant of Kerry and former Comptroller of the Household |
| 20 February 1873 |  | William Hare, 3rd Earl of Listowel | 29 May 1833 – 5 June 1924 |  |
| 31 August 1874 |  | William Proby, 5th Earl of Carysfort | 18 January 1836 – 4 September 1909 |  |
| 31 August 1874 |  | George Vane-Tempest, 5th Marquess of Londonderry | 26 April 1821 – 5 November 1884 |  |
| 13 May 1876 |  | Windham Wyndham-Quin, 4th Earl of Dunraven and Mount-Earl | 12 February 1841 – 14 June 1926 |  |
| 3 March 1877 |  | William Montagu, 7th Duke of Manchester | 15 October 1823 – 21 March 1890 |  |
| 8 February 1879 |  | Henry Dawson-Damer, 3rd Earl of Portarlington | 5 September 1822 – 1 March 1889 |  |
| 14 May 1880 |  | Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh | 6 August 1844 – 30 July 1900 | Later Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha |
| 17 January 1882 |  | Thomas O'Hagan, 1st Baron O'Hagan | 29 May 1812 – 1 February 1885 | Former Lord Chancellor of Ireland |
| 11 April 1882 |  | Chichester Parkinson-Fortescue, 1st Baron Carlingford | 18 January 1823 – 30 January 1898 | Later Baron Clermont |
| 8 May 1884 |  | William St Lawrence, 4th Earl of Howth | 1827–1909 |  |
| 9 February 1885 |  | Luke White, 2nd Baron Annaly | 26 September 1829 – 17 March 1888 | Former Lord Lieutenant of Longford |
| 9 February 1885 |  | Thomas Spring Rice, 2nd Baron Monteagle of Brandon | 31 May 1849 – 24 December 1926 |  |
| 28 November 1885 |  | Garnet Wolseley, 1st Viscount Wolseley | 4 June 1833 – 25 March 1913 | Adjutant-General to the Forces |
| 28 November 1885 |  | Thomas Taylour, 3rd Marquess of Headfort | 1 November 1822 – 22 July 1894 | Lord Lieutenant of Meath |
| 28 June 1887 |  | Prince Albert Victor Christian Edward | 8 January 1864 – 14 January 1892 | Later Duke of Clarence and Avondale |
| 26 April 1888 |  | James Butler, 3rd Marquess of Ormonde | 5 October 1844 – 26 October 1919 | Lord Lieutenant of Kilkenny |
| 4 April 1889 |  | John Crichton, 4th Earl Erne | 16 October 1839 – 2 December 1914 | Lord Lieutenant of Fermanagh |
| 7 February 1890 |  | Edward Leeson, 6th Earl of Milltown | 9 October 1835 – 30 May 1890 | Lord Lieutenant of Wicklow |
| 24 May 1890 |  | Francis Needham, 3rd Earl of Kilmorey | 2 August 1842 – 28 July 1915 |  |
| 29 August 1890 |  | Lawrence Parsons, 4th Earl of Rosse | 17 November 1840 – 30 August 1908 | Chancellor of the University of Dublin |
| 18 December 1890 |  | Prince William Augustus Edward of Saxe-Weimar | 11 October 1823 – 16 November 1902 | Colonel of the 1st Regiment of Life Guards |
| 18 March 1892 |  | William Pery, 3rd Earl of Limerick | 17 January 1840 – 8 August 1896 | Captain of the Yeomen of the Guard |
| 5 August 1892 |  | Edward O'Brien, 14th Baron Inchiquin | 14 May 1839 – 8 April 1900 | Lord Lieutenant of Clare |
| 3 November 1894 |  | Frederick Lambart, 9th Earl of Cavan | 21 October 1839 – 14 July 1900 | Former Vice-Chamberlain of the Household |
| 25 February 1896 |  | Edward Guinness, 1st Baron Iveagh | 10 November 1847 – 7 October 1927 | Later Earl of Iveagh |
| 11 February 1897 |  | James Alexander, 4th Earl of Caledon | 11 July 1846 – 27 April 1898 |  |
| 20 August 1897 |  | Prince George Frederick Ernest Albert, Duke of York | 3 June 1865 – 20 January 1936 | Later George V, King of the United Kingdom |
| 20 August 1897 |  | Frederick Roberts, 1st Baron Roberts | 30 September 1832 – 14 November 1914 | Later Earl Roberts |
| 15 March 1898 |  | Arthur Gore, 5th Earl of Arran | 6 January 1839 – 14 March 1901 | Lord Lieutenant of Mayo |
| 4 March 1899 |  | Charles Bingham, 4th Earl of Lucan | 8 May 1830 – 5 June 1914 |  |
| 29 August 1900 |  | James Bernard, 4th Earl of Bandon | 12 September 1850 – 18 May 1924 | Lord Lieutenant of Cork |
| 29 August 1900 |  | Luke Dillon, 4th Baron Clonbrock | 10 March 1834 – 12 May 1917 | Lord Lieutenant of Galway |
| 10 June 1901 |  | Thomas Pakenham, 5th Earl of Longford | 19 October 1864 – 21 August 1915 | Lord Lieutenant of Longford |
| 15 March 1902 |  | Henry Beresford, 6th Marquess of Waterford | 28 April 1875 – 1 December 1911 |  |
| 11 August 1902 |  | Lowry Cole, 4th Earl of Enniskillen | 21 December 1845 – 28 April 1924 |  |
| 11 August 1902 |  | Dudley FitzGerald-de Ros, 24th Baron de Ros | 11 March 1827 – 29 April 1907 | Colonel of the 1st Life Guards |
| 3 February 1905 |  | Dermot Bourke, 7th Earl of Mayo | 2 July 1851 – 31 December 1927 |  |
| 13 April 1905 |  | Reginald Brabazon, 12th Earl of Meath | 31 July 1841 – 11 October 1929 |  |
| 29 February 1908 |  | Bernard FitzPatrick, 2nd Baron Castletown | 29 July 1849 – 29 May 1937 |  |
| 5 February 1909 |  | William James Pirrie, 1st Baron Pirrie | 31 May 1847 – 6 June 1924 | Later Viscount Pirrie |
| 21 May 1909 |  | Bernard Forbes, 8th Earl of Granard | 17 September 1874 – 10 September 1948 | Master of the Horse |
| 13 December 1909 |  | Arthur Gore, 6th Earl of Arran | 14 September 1868 – 19 December 1958 |  |
| 10 July 1911 |  | Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 9th Earl of Shaftesbury | 31 August 1869 – 25 March 1961 | Lord Chamberlain to Queen Mary |
| 10 July 1911 |  | Horatio Kitchener, 1st Viscount Kitchener | 24 June 1850 – 5 June 1916 | Later Earl Kitchener |
| 28 May 1915 |  | Edward Ponsonby, 8th Earl of Bessborough | 1 March 1851 – 1 December 1920 | Chairman of the Board of Directors of the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway |
| 18 April 1916 |  | Richard Hely-Hutchinson, 6th Earl of Donoughmore | 2 March 1875 – 19 October 1948 | Grandmaster of the Grand Lodge of Ireland |
| 18 April 1916 |  | Mervyn Wingfield, 8th Viscount Powerscourt | 16 July 1880 – 21 March 1947 | Lord Lieutenant of Wicklow |
| 18 April 1916 |  | St John Brodrick, 1st Viscount Midleton | 14 December 1856 – 13 February 1942 | Later Earl of Midleton |
| 18 November 1916 |  | Rudolph Lambart, 10th Earl of Cavan | 16 October 1865 – 28 August 1946 | GOC Guards Division |
| 4 June 1917 |  | John French, 1st Viscount French | 28 September 1852 – 22 May 1925 | Later Earl of Ypres |
| 3 June 1918 |  | Geoffrey Browne, 3rd Baron Oranmore and Browne | 6 January 1861 – 30 June 1927 |  |
| 18 December 1919 |  | Hamilton Cuffe, 5th Earl of Desart | 30 August 1848 – 4 November 1934 | Former Director of Public Prosecutions |
| 21 June 1922 |  | James Hamilton, 3rd Duke of Abercorn | 30 November 1869 – 12 September 1953 | Governor of Northern Ireland |
| 3 June 1927 |  | Edward, Prince of Wales | 23 June 1894 – 28 May 1972 | Later Edward VIII, King of the United Kingdom and, after his abdication, The Prince Edward, Duke of Windsor |
| 29 June 1934 |  | Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester | 31 March 1900 – 10 June 1974 | Last surviving knight |
| 17 March 1936 |  | Prince Albert Frederick Arthur George, Duke of York | 14 December 1895 – 6 February 1952 | Later George VI, King of the United Kingdom |
|

General * Galloway, Peter (1999). *The most illustrious Order: The Order of St Patrick and its knights*. London: Unicorn. ISBN 0-906290-23-6.

Specific

## Further reading


title: Thallarcha sparsana

abstract: Thallarcha sparsana, the fair footman, is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. The species was first described by Francis Walker in 1863. It is found in the Australian states of Victoria, New South Wales and Queensland.

text:
# Thallarcha sparsana

***Thallarcha sparsana***, the **fair footman**, is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. The species was first described by Francis Walker in 1863. It is found in the Australian states of Victoria, New South Wales and Queensland.

## InfoBox

| *Thallarcha sparsana* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Erebidae |
| Subfamily: | Arctiinae |
| Genus: | *Thallarcha* |
| Species: | ***T. sparsana*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Thallarcha sparsana***<br>Walker, 1863 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Palene gracilis* | |


title: .600 Overkill

abstract: The.600 Overkill is a hunting cartridge designed to fit the CZ-550 action, by American Hunting Rifles.

text:
# .600 Overkill

The **.600 Overkill** is a hunting cartridge designed to fit the CZ-550 action, by American Hunting Rifles.

## Design

The .600 Overkill was designed by Robert Garnick of Las Vegas, Nevada in 2000. The case is a custom, with a belt, .683 in (17.35 mm), added for headspacing and the rim to fit that of the .505 Gibbs .640 in-(16.26 mm) size, bolt face.

This cartridge was intended to fire the largest bullet able to fit in the CZ-550, and was designed specifically for the purpose of killing an elephant. The CZ-550 can fit two cartridges, with slight alterations. The .600 Overkill fires a 900-grain (58 g) bullet at more than 2,400 ft/s (730 m/s),

## InfoBox

| .600 Overkill | |
| --- | --- |
| Type | Hunting, rifle |
| Place of origin | United States |
| Production history | |
| Designer | Robert Garnick |
| Designed | 2000 |
| Specifications | |
| Parent case | None |
| Case type | Belted, straight |
| Bullet diameter | 15.7 mm (0.62 in) |
| Neck diameter | 16.4 mm (0.65 in) |
| Shoulder diameter | 16.4 mm (0.65 in) |
| Base diameter | 16.7 mm (0.66 in) |
| Rim diameter | 16.3 mm (0.64 in) |
| Rim thickness | 1.5 mm (0.059 in) |
| Case length | 76 mm (3.0 in) |
| Overall length | 93 mm (3.7 in) |
| Case capacity | 196.6 cm3 (3,034 gr H2O) |
| Primer type | Magnum large rifle |
| Ballistic performance | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Bullet mass/type Velocity Energy  1,000 gr (65 g) FMJ 2,500 ft/s (747 m/s) 13,877 ft⋅lbf (18,814 J)  1,000 gr (65 g) Solid brass 2200

ft/s (914.4 m/s) ft lbs (27,092 J) | |
| Source(s): 470MBogo | |


title: People's Democratic Party (Egypt)

abstract: The People's Democratic Party (PDP) is an Egyptian political party of approximately 275 members headed by Ahmed Abdel Azem Kamel. The party is currently frozen. The party fielded one candidate in the 2000 legislative elections.

text:
# People's Democratic Party (Egypt)

**The People's Democratic Party** (PDP) is an Egyptian political party of approximately 275 members headed by Ahmed Abdel Azem Kamel. The party is currently frozen. The party fielded one candidate in the 2000 legislative elections.

## InfoBox

| People's Democratic Party | |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | 1990 |
| Headquarters | Cairo |
| National affiliation | Egypt |
| House of Representatives | 0 / 568 |
|  | |


title: Philip Burton Moon

abstract: Philip Burton Moon FRS was a British nuclear physicist. He is most remembered for his research work in atomic physics and nuclear physics. He is one of the British scientists who participated in the United States' Manhattan Project, Britain's Tube Alloys, and was involved in nuclear weapon development. Moon made outstanding and original experimental contributions which stimulated the development of whole fields of research involving neutrons, gamma rays and novel methods of studying chemical reactions.

text:
# Philip Burton Moon

**Philip Burton Moon** FRS (17 May 1907  9 October 1994) was a British nuclear physicist. He is most remembered for his research work in atomic physics and nuclear physics. He is one of the British scientists who participated in the United States' Manhattan Project, Britain's Tube Alloys, and was involved in nuclear weapon development. Moon made outstanding and original experimental contributions which stimulated the development of whole fields of research involving neutrons, gamma rays and novel methods of studying chemical reactions ('Mechanically propelled molecular beams: techniques and opportunities', Moon, P.B. Ralls, M.P., Proceedings of the Royal Society A, 423, 361 371, 1989).

## Early life and education

Philip Burton Moon was born in 1907, attended Leyton Sixth Form College, and in 1925 entered Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge. He became a research student in the Cavendish Laboratory under Ernest Rutherford. From 1928 to 1931 he worked with Mark Oliphant on the collision of atoms with solids. Rutherford called him "Oliphant's satellite" and that influence remained with him for decades.

### Cavendish Laboratory

He worked at Cavendish Laboratory in the mid-1930s, where he shared a room with Australian physicist Mark Oliphant. Both later joined the University of Birmingham; Moon in 1938.

## Tube Alloys and Manhattan Project

During World War II Moon was part of the MAUD Committee that confirmed the feasibility of an atomic bomb and then became part of the British delegation to the Manhattan Project, where amongst other things he did work on designing instrumentation for measuring the eventual bomb test.

His wife, Winifred Moon, was a staff worker at Los Alamos during the Manhattan Project.

## Career at Birmingham University

After the war he was made Poynting Professor of Physics at Birmingham in 1946, succeeding Oliphant but receiving the appointment only after the first choice (Cecil Powell) had been rejected at the last minute for being a communist. He held the position until 1973.

In 1950 Moon was the first person to detect gamma ray fluorescence; however his results were not considered statistically significant enough and it would be several years before they were proven.

Moon was invited to become the honorary life president of the Poynting Physical Society, at the University of Birmingham, in 1975.

In 1991, Moon was the recipient of the Hughes Medal from the Royal Society.

His papers are held at the University of Birmingham Special Collections.

## InfoBox

| Philip Burton Moon | |
| --- | --- |
| Moon in Los Alamos in 1964 | |
| Born | 17 May 1907
Lewisham, London, England |
| Died | 9 October 1994(1994-10-09) (aged 87) |
| Alma mater | Sidney Sussex College
Cavendish Laboratory |
| Known for | Tube Alloys
Manhattan Project
Gamma ray fluorescence
development of atomic bomb
'Oliphant's satellite' |
| Awards | Hughes Medal (1991)
Fellow of the Royal Society |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Nuclear physics |
| Institutions | University of Cambridge
Imperial College, London
Birmingham University
Cavendish Laboratory
University of Birmingham |
| Doctoral advisor | Ernest Rutherford |
| Other academic advisors | Sir Mark Oliphant |
| Doctoral students | Noor Muhammad Butt |
|  | |


title: Ulrichsberg

abstract: Ulrichsberg is a municipality in the district of Rohrbach in the Austrian state of Upper Austria.

text:
# Ulrichsberg

**Ulrichsberg** is a municipality in the district of Rohrbach in the Austrian state of Upper Austria.

## Geography

Ulrichsberg lies in Mühlviertel in Upper Austria near the Bohemian Forest and along the *Große Mühl* river (north of the Danube). It covers an area of 12.2 km north to south and 10.3 km east to west for a total area of 57 km2. 51.8% of the area is forested and 44.7% of the area is in agricultural use.

Nearby Gemeinden (municipalities) are: Berdetschlag, Breitenstein, Dietrichschlag, Erlet, Fuchslug, Hintenberg, Kandlschlag, Lichtenberg, Mühlwald, Ödenkirchen, Salnau, Schindlau, Seitelschlag, Sonnenwald, Stangl, Stollnberg, Ulrichsberg, and Zaglau. North of Lichtenberg, in Schöneben, is a small border crossing to the Czech Republic.

## History

Ulrichsberg was first mentioned in a document in 1325.

## InfoBox

| Ulrichsberg | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location in the district | |
| UlrichsbergLocation within Austria | |
| Coordinates: 48°40′32″N 13°54′44″E / 48.67556°N 13.91222°E / 48.67556; 13.91222 | |
| Country | Austria |
| State | Upper Austria |
| District | Rohrbach |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Wilfried Kellermann (ÖVP) |
| Area | |
| Total | 56.91 km2 (21.97 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 626 m (2,054 ft) |
| Population (2018-01-01) | |
| Total | 2,843 |
| Density | 50/km2 (130/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 4161 |
| Area code | 07288 |
| Vehicle registration | RO |
| Website | www.ulrichsberg.at |


title: Maungaharuru Range

abstract: The Maungaharuru Range is located 34 km from Napier in the New Zealand region of Hawke's Bay. The name means in the mountain that resounded in Te Reo Māori due to the bird population. Maungaharuru is the spiritual mountain of the hapū Ngati Kurumōkihi. They are the kaitiaki of Boundary Stream and the area. In 2017 the hapū were given four conservation reserves in the Hawke's Bay by the Crown as part of Treaty of Waitangi settlements. The Ngati Kurumōkihi hapū gave the reserves to the people of New Zealand (Aotearoa), three of these conservation areas are located in the Maungaharuru Range.

text:
# Maungaharuru Range

The **Maungaharuru Range** is located 34 km from Napier in the New Zealand region of Hawke's Bay. The name means in *the mountain that resounded* in Te Reo Māori due to the bird population.

Maungaharuru is the spiritual mountain of the hapū Ngati Kurumōkihi. They are the kaitiaki of Boundary Stream and the area. In 2017 the hapū were given four conservation reserves in the Hawke's Bay by the Crown as part of Treaty of Waitangi settlements. The Ngati Kurumōkihi hapū gave the reserves to the people of New Zealand (Aotearoa), three of these conservation areas are located in the Maungaharuru Range.

## Conservation

The Maungaharuru Ecological District is part of the Maungaharuru Range, a conservation reserve known as the Boundary Stream Mainland Island. There are five tracks are maintained by the New Zealand Department of Conservation through the reserve called the Boundary Stream tracks. These include a walk to Hawke's Bay's highest waterfall, Shine Falls which is 58 metres high, and the rock formation named Bell Rock. This conservation reserve makes up 800 hectares of the Maungaharuru Range which is home to native plant and bird species including wētā, kaka and kiwi. The elevation in this reserve is 300 metres above sea level at its lowest to 950 metres high in the range.

### Pest management

An organised pest management programme began in 1996 in the area by Predator Free Hawke's Bay to remove the introduced mammals destroying the natural environment. Predator Free programmes aim to create an environment where native species could survive. In 2018 Titi (Cook's Petrel) were returned to their original nesting site in the range through the translocation project Poutiri Ao o Tane.

## Geography

The smaller Bellbird Bush Scenic Reserve, Opouahi Scenic Reserve and Thomas Bush Scenic Reserved are also located in the Maungaharuru Ranges. The rest of the range is farmland. Taraponui Peak is a part of this range, rising to 1308 metres. The range is rugged with high winds, this environment has attracted two wind farm consents for a Hawke's Bay wind farm.

## Renewable generation

In 2005 two consents were issued in the Maungaharuru area, one for the private company Hawkes Bay Wind Farm Ltd and the other by Unison Networks Limited. The two consents were purchased by Meridian Energy in 2010 and 2011 respectively and were combined as one site, these consents were extended to 2023. In August 2019, Meridian sought interest from potential contractors for the wind farm's construction.

Construction would be expected to begin in 2020.

*See Hawke's Bay Wind Farm.*

39°07′S 176°46′E / 39.117°S 176.767°E / -39.117; 176.767