abstract: The Loyola-ICAM College of Engineering and Technology (LICET) is a private Catholic engineering and technology school run by the Society of Jesus in Chennai, India. It is approved by AICTE and affiliated with Anna University, Chennai. It is a Christian Minority college, founded in 2010 by the Jesuits as part of the Chennai Jesuit Mission's efforts to empower the Dalits, the poor, and the marginalized.

text:
# Loyola-ICAM College of Engineering and Technology

The **Loyola-ICAM College of Engineering and Technology** (**LICET**) is a private Catholic engineering and technology school run by the Society of Jesus in Chennai, India. It is approved by AICTE and affiliated with Anna University, Chennai. It is a Christian Minority college, founded in 2010 by the Jesuits as part of the Chennai Jesuit Mission's efforts to empower the Dalits, the poor, and the marginalized.

## History

In April 2009, Loyola College, Chennai, founded in 1925, and the Jesuit Institut Catholique d’Arts et Métiers, founded in 1898 in Lille, France, entered a joint venture to found an engineering college in Chennai which would prepare Indian students to work in European industries and European students to work in Indian industries. Pursuant to this agreement, the Jesuits of Madurai Province founded Loyola-ICAM engineering college at the Loyola College campus in 2010. It was officially inaugurated by Kalaignar M. Karunanidhi on 27 October 2010. Based on principles of the Jesuit Ratio Studiorum with its humanistic emphasis, the study program aims at comprehensive personal development and at the ability to work as a team, develop communication skills, appreciate cultures, and be sensitive to ethical and social issues. In July, 2024 LICET became an autonomous college within less than 14 years of its prestigious existence. It continues to be an affiliated college of the Anna University and is autonomous in the sense that it is free to frame its own courses of studies and to adopt innovative methods of teaching and evaluation.

## Academics

The college offers courses at undergraduate levels (Bachelors) in engineering and technology, including Mechanical Engineering, Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Electronics and Communication Engineering, Computer Science Engineering, Information Technology and \[Artificial Intelligence and Date Science\]\]. In 2015–16, the sanctioned intake was 60/course, but 120 for Mechanical Engineering. Further from 2023, the re-sanctioned intake was 60/course, while keeping 120 for Computer Science Engineering.

One aspect of Loyola College's affiliation with the Catholic Institute of Arts & Business (ICAM) in Lille, France, is the Master of Engineering degree for which Loyola-ICAM students may study for two years in France, after finishing their Bachelor studies in India. Students at Lille, in turn, can spend their fifth year of studies for the Master of Engineering in India.

## Facilities

**LICET library** contains over 25,000 books and receives 42 technical journals, besides E-resources like IEEE, ASME, ASTM, Springer, and Elsevier. It has Wi-Fi facility and has a capacity to accommodate 445 students.

**Mechatronics lab** to train students in such areas as hydraulics and pneumatics, microcontrollers, and PID controllers, as well as simulating pressure, flow, and temperature for process and automation industries. The lab has simulators, a robot and a human machine interface (HMI) to control, monitor and integrate factory automation processes.

**Centre for Intelligent Systems** (CIS) facilitates students do web and mobile-based projects. Workshops related to Android and iOS application development are conducted by experts from the industry. Currently, CIS is used as the centre for developing an Android/iOS Mobile App for an international client in France.

**Centre of Peace** is a common prayer hall of 4000 sq. ft., open to students of all faiths to pray and spend time in meditation, with the intent of raising all the students' idisciple.org/post/the-god-quotient GQ, 'God Quotient'.

13°03′48″N 80°14′04″E / 13.063327°N 80.234334°E / 13.063327; 80.234334

## InfoBox

Loyola-ICAM College of Engineering & Technology
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Motto | *Luceat Lux Vestra* |
| Motto in English | *Let your Light Shine* |
| Type | Education and research |
| Established | 2010 (2010) |
| Religious affiliation | Roman Catholic (Jesuit) |
| Academic affiliations | Anna University, Chennai |
| Principal | Dr.L Antony Michael Raj |
| Location | Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
13.063327°N 80.234334°E |
| Campus | Urban
99 acres (400,000 m2) in Nungambakkam |
| Website | licet.ac.in |


title: Loudoun Resolves

abstract: The Loudoun Resolves was a resolution adopted by a committee in Loudoun County in the colony of Virginia on June 14, 1774, during the very early stages of the American Revolution. It was the one of the earliest public declarations objecting to the Intolerable Acts, passed by Parliament to punish Massachusetts Colonists for conducting and supporting the Boston Tea Party. The Loudoun Resolves also was the first colonial document implying its signers would employ force in resisting Britain's use of military power to implement the Acts, which it declared would cause a civil war. Loudoun colonists at the same time declared a boycott of all East India Company products and an end to commerce with England until the Boston Port Act, the first of the Intolerable Acts, was repealed and Parliament abandoned political control of its North American colonies.

text:
# Loudoun Resolves

The **Loudoun Resolves** was a resolution adopted by a committee in Loudoun County in the colony of Virginia on June 14, 1774, during the very early stages of the American Revolution. It was the one of the earliest public declarations objecting to the Intolerable Acts, passed by Parliament to punish Massachusetts Colonists for conducting and supporting the Boston Tea Party. The Loudoun Resolves also was the first colonial document implying its signers would employ force in resisting Britain's use of military power to implement the Acts, which it declared would cause a civil war. Loudoun colonists at the same time declared a boycott of all East India Company products and an end to commerce with England until the Boston Port Act, the first of the Intolerable Acts, was repealed and Parliament abandoned political control of its North American colonies.

## Background and drafting

After Parliament passed the Intolerable Acts, also known as the Coercive Acts, to punish Massachusetts for the Boston Tea Party, the Virginia House of Burgesses proclaimed that June 1, 1774, would be a day of "fasting, humiliation, and prayer" as a show of solidarity with Boston. In response, Lord Dunmore, Virginia's royal governor, dissolved the House of Burgesses. The Burgesses reconvened at the Raleigh Tavern on May 27 and called for Virginia's counties to elect and send delegates to a special convention meeting in August in Williamsburg.

In response, on June 14, 1774, Loudoun County "Freeholders and other inhabitants" met in the county court house in Leesburg to "consider the most effectual method to preserve the rights and liberties of N. America, and relieve our brethren of Boston, suffering under the most oppressive and tyrannical Act of the British Parliament." Chaired by Francis Peyton, the group drafted a document containing seven "resolutions" declaring their loyalty to Britain and the king but opposing any tax imposed without a representative voice in the decision. They similarly declared opposition to the Boston Port Act, the first of the Intolerable Acts, because it punished the people of Massachusetts without a trial, which they considered an unconstitutional act designed to "enslave a free and loyal people."

Loudoun signers declared they would sacrifice their "lives and fortunes" in resisting any military action Britain might take to enforce the Port Act or in punishing any North American colonists, which they declared would precipitate a civil war. They unanimously announced a boycott of tea and other East India Company products imported after June 1, 1774. Loudoun signers also declared an end to all commerce with England until the Boston Port Act was repealed and Parliament ended its political control of all its North American colonies.

## Text summary and effect

Explaining they sought "the most effectual method to preserve the rights and liberties of N. America" and to alleviate Bostonians' suffering caused by the harbor's obstruction, they resolved—declared—that:

* They are loyal British subjects who acknowledge the law;
* It Is unjust to tax people who lack representation in that decision;
* Parliament's Boston Port Act Is unjust, unconstitutional, and will lead to enslavement;
* Enforcing the Boston Port Act with military force will lead to civil war. If that comes, Loudoun citizens will give their lives and fortunes to support Boston or anyplace in North America so threatened, until their concerns are addressed and their liberties secured;
* They will boycott East India Company tea and all other products;
* The trade boycott was extended to Britain itself, ceasing all commerce until the Boston Port Act is repealed and Parliament abandons its rule over all North American domestic issues;
* They would stand by these declarations, first by sending two men to represent Loudoun County in an August 1 meeting In Williamsburg, called to gauge Virginia's view on the Port Act. Second, they will continue corresponding with other committees created to stand firm in seeing this Issue through to success.

Thomson Mason and Francis Peyton were named to represent Loudoun County at the August 1, 1774 meeting in Williamsburg. It also formed a three-person committee to correspond with other Virginia county committees responding to the Intolerable Acts.

Other local Resolves soon followed Loudoun's. By July 1774 the Fairfax Resolves, drafted by George Mason at George Washington's direction, was Issued, making a considerably more philosophical but no less determined statement opposing the Intolerable Acts. Soon New York, North Carolina, Massachusetts, Maryland, and three more Virginia counties would issue their own Resolves opposing the Acts.

## Signatories

* Francis Peyton° – Chairman, representative to the Williamsburg meeting, correspondence committee member.
* Thomson Mason° - Representative to the Williamsburg meeting, correspondence committee member.
* Leven Powell° - Correspondence committee member.
* William Ellzey° - Correspondence committee member.
* John Thornton° - Correspondence committee member.
* George Johnston° - Correspondence committee member.
* Samuel Levi° - Correspondence committee member.
* John Morton
* Thomas Ray
* Thomas Drake
* William Booram
* Benj. Isaac Humphrey
* Samuel Mills
* Joshua Singleton
* Jonathan Drake
* Matthew Rust
* Thomas Williams
* James Noland
* Samuel Peugh
* William Nornail
* Thomas Luttrell
* James Brair
* Poins Awsley
* John Kendrick
* Edward O'Neal

° Named in the main document, his name does not appear signed at the end.

## Further reading

* "Resolutions of Loundoun County: Loudoun County a Hundred Years Ago," *The William and Mary College Quarterly Historical Magazine*, Vol. 12, No. 4 (Apr., 1904), pp. 231–236; Resolutions of Loundoun County: Loudoun County a Hundred Years Ago on JSTOR.
* Ammerman, David. *In the Common Cause: American Response to the Coercive Acts of 1774*. New York: Norton, 1974.
* Broadwater, Jeff. *George Mason: Forgotten Founder*. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2006.


title: Loudoun Times-Mirror

abstract: Loudoun Times-Mirror is a weekly newspaper and news website based in Leesburg, Virginia, owned and operated by Ogden Newspapers. Founded as the Times-Mirror in 1924, the newspaper and its direct predecessors have covered local news, sports, business and community in Loudoun County and Leesburg for more than two centuries.

text:
# Loudoun Times-Mirror

***Loudoun Times-Mirror*** is a weekly newspaper and news website based in Leesburg, Virginia, owned and operated by Ogden Newspapers. Founded as the *Times-Mirror* in 1924, the newspaper and its direct predecessors have covered local news, sports, business and community in Loudoun County and Leesburg for more than two centuries.

## History

In November 2015, *Loudoun Times-Mirror*, then owned by Times Community Media, acquired the assets of the weekly newspapers, *Leesburg Today*, *Ashburn Today*, and the website leesburgtoday.com.

In July 2018, Ogden acquired the *Times-Mirror* from Times Community Media, which was owned by the Arundel family. Peter Arundel remained the publisher until March 2020.

As of 2023, the newspaper is delivered via the U.S. Postal Service.

## InfoBox

Loudoun Times-Mirror
| Type | Weekly newspaper |
| --- | --- |
| Format | Tabloid |
| Owner(s) | Ogden Newspapers |
| Publisher | Geordie Wilson |
| Headquarters | Leesburg, Virginia, United States |
| Website | loudountimes.com |


title: Love Affairs (song)

abstract: "Love Affairs" is a song recorded by American country music artist Michael Martin Murphey. It was co-written by Murphey and Mike d'Abo. It was released in March 1983 as the forth and final single from the album Michael Martin Murphey. The song peaked at number 11 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Singles and at number 18 on the Canadian RPM Country Tracks chart. The backing vocals are performed by Jennifer Warnes.

text:
# Love Affairs (song)

"**Love Affairs**" is a song recorded by American country music artist Michael Martin Murphey. It was co-written by Murphey and Mike d'Abo. It was released in March 1983 as the forth and final single from the album *Michael Martin Murphey*. The song peaked at number 11 on the U.S. *Billboard* Hot Country Singles and at number 18 on the Canadian *RPM* Country Tracks chart.

The backing vocals are performed by Jennifer Warnes.

## Chart performance

| Chart (1983) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| US Hot Country Songs (*Billboard*) | 11 |
| Canadian *RPM* Country Tracks | 18 |

## InfoBox

| "Love Affairs" | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by Michael Martin Murphey | |
| from the album  *Michael Martin Murphey* | |
| B-side | "Crystal" |
| Released | March 21, 1983 |
| Genre | Country |
| Length | 3:33 |
| Label | Liberty |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Producer(s) | Michael Martin Murphey |
| Michael Martin Murphey singles chronology | |
| "Still Taking Chances"
(1982) "**Love Affairs**"
(1983) "Don't Count the Rainy Days"
(1983) | |


title: Love on Delivery

abstract: Love on Delivery is a 1994 Hong Kong comedy film directed by Lee Lik-Chi.

text:
# Love on Delivery

***Love on Delivery*** (破壞之王; aka. *King of Destruction*) is a 1994 Hong Kong comedy film directed by Lee Lik-Chi.

## Plot

Ho Kam-ang (Stephen Chow), a weak, disadvantaged but kind lunch delivery boy, happens to fall in love with Lily (Christy Chung), the girl of his dreams from a local fitness center. However, his dream is crushed after Judo master Black Bear, who also admires Lily, intervenes a date between them. That night, in a brutally straightforward fashion, Lily tells Ho that she dislikes weak and pathetic men.

After being further humiliated at the fitness center by Black Bear, Ho seeks shelter at a convenience shop owned by Gwai-wong Tat (Ng Man Tat), an eccentric handicap. Tat promises to teach Ang kung-fu to cure him of his weakness and cowardice, in exchange for money. In fact, however, Tat is merely a swindler taking advantage of Ho's gullibility, and teaches Ho useless, fantasy kung fu techniques.

Later, when Ho loses his job and runs out of money, he tells Tat he will follow him for life. Tat attempts to rid of him by persuading him to use a false technique called "The Invincible Windfire Spin," a move that will certainly seriously injure anyone – which involves holding onto the enemy and rolling down a huge flight of stairs, using the enemy to soften all the blows of the stairs. Ho is considering implementing the move, but decides against it. However, he becomes reassured of this so-called technique when he witnesses Tat himself falling down the stairs and surviving it, though that was an accident. Emboldened, Ho thanks Tat and leaves.

Determined to change Lily's views about him, Ho comes to Lily's rescue when Black Bear tries to force her to be his girlfriend after Lily rejected him at the parking lot. He wears a Garfield mask a'la superhero. After a scuffle, Ho manages to defeat Black Bear by using the "Spin". The next day, Ho tries to tell Lily that it was he who saved her, but before he can do it, Lily introduces her ex-schoolmate Dai-si-hing, a karate champion from Japan who lies that he is the "Garfield Warrior" who saved Lily. Infuriated, Ho plans on challenging Dai Si-hing to a combat match to prove his mettle. Upon seeing Tat at the garbage dump, he drags him along to the fitness centre with a challenge proposal.

However, Ho and Tat, upon arriving, unexpectedly sees Dai-si-hing effortlessly defeating a Taekwondo master, a Kendo master, a boxer and Black Bear together. Frightened, Ho and Tat wants to retract the challenge, but Dai-si-hing manages to get the letter first and accepts it, while revealing that Tat is in fact a world-renowned martial arts champion and has defeated many karate masters in tournaments, only until Dai-si-hing's sensei broke his leg in a match in Japan, which left Tat living in obscurity ever since. To redeem himself, Tat promises to prepare Ho for the match against Dai Si-hing after receiving one month's training. In a side bet made by Tat, if Ho can survive all three rounds, kung fu will regain its public image at the center. The upcoming match receives much publicity and reporters follow Ho and Tat, wanting to see how a delivery boy can be transformed to a rival martial artist. To everyone's amusement and puzzlement, Ho and Tat are only seen partying and eating. When asked, Tat replies that this is their training, unnerving many.

On the day of the match, Lily, worrying for Ho's life, rushes to the stadium to cancel it, but is stranded in a malfunctioning elevator. At the boxing ring, Ho is voted the odds-on favourite to win by the judges because of his lack of fear, which ironically increases Dai-si-hing's own trepidation. As the match commences with round one, Dai-si-hing rushes in to attack, but stops abruptly when Ho simply turns around and keeps still to confuse him. In the second round, Tat instructs Ho to wear down Dai-si-hing with submissions and sucker punches while deliberately distracts him by juggling things in the air. A commercial break ends round two.

In the third round, Ho surprisingly grapples and locks him with the "Golden Snake Restraint" technique. Visibly irate, Dai-si-hing unsuccessfully tries to throw Ho off. Finally, round three ends, and Duan is announced the winner, though Ho wins the cheers since he survives the match. Incensed, Dai-si-hing starts ravaging the place, beating up even the referee and judges. To stop him, Ho decides to use the "Invincible Wind and Fire Spin" on him, using an immense lottery wheel as help. The two spin wildly inside the wheel, and it explodes. Out of the rubble emerges Ho, exhausted but victorious, and Duan collapses in defeat. Lily, realising Ho is the "Garfield warrior," rushes over to kiss him, and Tat reintroduces kung fu to the public.

## Cast and roles

## Trivia

* Jacky Cheung has a cameo appearance as himself, in which he gives away the best seat tickets to Ho.
* The introduction scene of Ho is a parody of the Terminator, in which he walks naked (since he gave away his clothes to a beggar as an act of kindness) in a street before being taken away by police.
* Christy Chung couldn't speak a word of Cantonese during the time of filming, so all of her Cantonese dialogue was dubbed.
* Lau's glasses and haircut parody Clark Kent (Superman).
* Tat performs Spacium Beam, known as Killing Cross, used by Ultraman.
* The 1996 Malaysian film *Siapa Dia* was based on this film.

## InfoBox

| Love on Delivery | |
| --- | --- |
| Film poster | |
| Directed by | Lee Lik-Chi |
| Starring | Stephen Chow
Christy Chung
Ng Man Tat
Philip Chan
Joe Cheng |
| Release date | * 3 February 1994 (1994-02-03) |
| Running time | 100 minutes |
| Country | Hong Kong |
| Languages | Cantonese, Mandarin |


title: Luchang

abstract: Luchang is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.

text:
# Luchang

**Luchang** is a village in Chipwi Township in Myitkyina District in the Kachin State of north-eastern Burma.

1. Maplandia world gazetteer

## InfoBox

| Luchang | |
| --- | --- |
| LuchangLocation in Burma | |
| Coordinates: 25°45′N 98°16′E / 25.750°N 98.267°E / 25.750; 98.267 | |
| Country | Burma |
| State | Kachin State |
| District | Myitkyina District |
| Township | Chipwi Township |
| Population | |
| Religions | Buddhism |
| Time zone | UTC+6.30 (UTC \+ 6:30) |


title: Triple helix model of innovation

abstract: The triple helix model of innovation refers to a set of interactions between academia, industry and government, to foster economic and social development, as described in concepts such as the knowledge economy and knowledge society. In innovation helical framework theory, each sector is represented by a circle (helix), with overlapping showing interactions. The initial modelling has advanced from two dimensions to show more complex interactions, for example over time. The framework was first theorized by Henry Etzkowitz and Loet Leydesdorff in the 1990s, with the publication of "The Triple Helix, University-Industry-Government Relations: A laboratory for Knowledge-Based Economic Development". Interactions between universities, industries and governments have given rise to new intermediary institutions, such as technology transfer offices and science parks, and Etzkowitz and Ledersdorff theorized the relationship between the three sectors and explained the emergence of these new hybrid organizations. The triple helix innovation framework has been widely adopted and as applied by policy makers has participated in the transformation of each sector.

text:
# Triple helix model of innovation

The **triple helix model of innovation** refers to a set of interactions between academia (the university), industry and government, to foster economic and social development, as described in concepts such as the knowledge economy and knowledge society. In innovation helical framework theory, each sector is represented by a circle (helix), with overlapping showing interactions. The initial modelling has advanced from two dimensions to show more complex interactions, for example over time. The framework was first theorized by Henry Etzkowitz and Loet Leydesdorff in the 1990s, with the publication of "The Triple Helix, University-Industry-Government Relations: A laboratory for Knowledge-Based Economic Development". Interactions between universities, industries and governments have given rise to new intermediary institutions, such as technology transfer offices and science parks, and Etzkowitz and Ledersdorff theorized the relationship between the three sectors and explained the emergence of these new hybrid organizations. The triple helix innovation framework has been widely adopted and as applied by policy makers has participated in the transformation of each sector.

## Three components of the model

The triple helix model of innovation, as theorized by Etzkowitz and Leydesdorff, is based on the interactions between the three following elements and their associated 'initial role': universities engaging in basic research, industries producing commercial goods and governments that are regulating markets. As interactions increase within this framework, each component evolves to adopt some characteristics of the other institution, which then gives rise to hybrid institutions. Bilateral interactions exist between university, industry and government.

### University-industry interactions

Etzkowitz and Leydesdorff argue that the initial role of universities is to provide education to individuals and basic research. Therefore, interactions between university and industry revolve initially around those two elements. In a linear model of innovation, universities are supposed to provide the research which industry will build upon to produce commercial goods. The other interactions take place through the involvement of industry managers and university faculty in both sectors. According to Etzkowitz, the transfer of people between university and industry constitutes a very important transfer of knowledge. This can be a permanent move in one direction or the other, or in other cases, entire careers spent between the two spheres. He gives the example of Carl Djerassi, a research director for a pharmaceutical company who joined Stanford University while continuing his industrial activity.

However, other scholars have pointed out that consulting activities of faculty members could also have drawbacks, like a reduced focus on educating the students, and potential conflict of interests relating to the use of university resources for the benefit of industry. Additional transfer of knowledge between university and industry happens through informal communication, conferences or industrial interest in university publications. Another type of interaction, for example, is the creation of co-op programs like the MIT-General Electric course which aims at integrating an industry approach into the students' curricula.

### University-government interactions

The strength of the interactions between the government and universities depends on the government's general relationship to and policy towards higher education. Etzkowitz and Leydesdorff's model uses a spectrum to define the extent of these interactions. On the one hand, when higher education is largely public, as in continental western Europe, the government has a higher influence on universities and the research they conduct by being the main source of funding. On the other end of the spectrum, typically associated with the United States, universities still receive some government funding but overall have a higher degree of independence from government influence. However, the two ends of this spectrum are used as ideal-types that are not necessarily reflective of the reality. The changing circumstances can push the government to create closer ties with academia, for example in wartime, and/or through funding of strategic disciplines, like physics. For example, in the United States, the Department of Defense has extensively funded physics research during World War II and the Cold War. Another example of state involvement in higher education is the establishment of new universities, as through the Morrill Land-Grant Acts of 1862 encouraging the creation of land-grant colleges. Cornell University, the University of Florida and Purdue University are three of the seventy-six institutions created under the land-grant.

### Government-industry interactions

The relationship between governments and industry depends on the government's attitude towards the market. In liberal economies the role of the government will be limited to preventing market failures. On the other hand, where the government is more involved in the economy, the government's role is the regulation of the industry. These are also two ends of a spectrum, leaving room for substantial variation, based on circumstances and disciplines. For example, as pointed out by Bhaven Sampat, in the 1960s, the government created a regulation to prevent patenting by or licensing to industry of university research funded by the National Institutes of Health. One key role of the government in its interaction with industry is the establishment of intellectual property law and its enforcement.

### Strength of interaction

Etzkowitz and Leydesdorff initially argued that the strength of the interactions between governments, industry and university depends on which component is the driving force in the framework. In a statist model, a strong state is driving interactions between the three components in a top-down implementation. It creates stronger ties and a more integrated model. In a laissez-faire model, in which the industry and market forces are the leading forces, the ties are weaker and each institution tends to remain very independent. However, the distinction between the two models is not always clear cut, as the government can choose to adopt a strong or a weak stance depending on the context and the industry. Strength of interactions can also vary according to the development of a country, with a silo model predominating in an underdeveloped country, moderate interactions developing in a middle-income country due to the push for economic growth on the one hand and the pull for a competitive market-driven technological advancement on the other, and strong interactions developing in a developed country, for example in the form of a science park. In a recent paper, Etzkowitz emphasized that the shift towards a knowledge-based society has given a bigger role to universities. Indeed, as innovation is increasingly based on scientific knowledge, the role of universities as creators of knowledge is more valued. As a result, he argues that university, industry and government are more equal, and that no particular element is necessarily the driving force of the triple helix model of innovation.

## Evolution and hybridization

The triple helix model of innovation also blurred the boundaries of the traditional basic roles of university, industry and government. According to Etzkowitz and Leydesdorff, this marks the second step in the triple helix of innovation framework. For example, universities increasingly take part in commercial activity through patenting and licensing, moving beyond the production of basic research. The next step is the emergence of intermediaries between the three elements as well as the hybridization of the three entities. Nevertheless, each entity retains a strong primacy in its original field of expertise: the university remains the main source of knowledge production, industry is the primary vehicle of commercialization and the government retains its regulatory role.

Technology transfer offices have been established by universities to foster the transformation of university basic or applied research with a commercial value into commercial goods. One of the aims of TTOs is to create some revenues for the university, thus enhancing its role as an economic actor. However, the average profitability of TTOs remains very low. For example, the revenues earned through the licensing of patents by TTOs in American universities are, on average, ten times larger than for European TTOs according to the Innovation Policy Platform. Science parks have also emerged as the result of the collaboration of industries and universities with the government. They can stem from the initiative of an industrial region to modernize itself with the impulse of a university. On the other hand, they can be the result of a university initiative to attract industry, as was the case with the development of Stanford's science park around the university or the Research Triangle in North Carolina.

The 'entrepreneurial university' is another hybrid element which Etzkowitz defines around the following elements: the capitalization of knowledge, strong ties with industry and governments, a high degree of independence, and permanent evolution of the relationships between universities, industry and government. Etzkowitz recognizes MIT as a great example of an 'entrepreneurial university'.

## Extensions of the model

### Quadruple helix model

Building on the triple helix model, the quadruple helix model adds a fourth component to the framework of interactions between university, industry and government: the public, consisting of civil society and the media. It was first suggested in 2009 by Elias G. Carayannis and David F.J. Campbell. The framework aims to bridge the gaps between innovation and civil society, and it claims that under the triple helix model, the emerging technologies do not always match the demands and needs of society, thus limiting their potential impact. The framework consequently emphasizes a societal responsibility of universities, in addition to their role of educating and conducting research. The quadruple helix is the approach that the European Union has intended to take for the development of a competitive knowledge-based society. Subsequently, the quadruple helix has been applied to European Union-sponsored projects and policies, including the EU-MACS (EUropean MArket for Climate Services) project, a follow-up project of the European Research and Innovation Roadmap for Climate Services, and the European Commission's Open Innovation 2.0 (OI2) policy for a digital single market that supports open innovation.

### Quintuple helix model

The quintuple helix model was co-developed by Elias G. Carayannis and David F.J. Campbell in 2010. It is based on the triple and quadruple helix models and adds as fifth helix the natural environment. The quintuple helix views the natural environments of society and the economy as drivers for knowledge production and innovation, thus defining socio-ecological opportunities for the knowledge society and knowledge economy, such as innovation to address sustainable development, including climate change. The quintuple helix can be described in terms of the models of knowledge that it extends, the five subsystems (helices) it incorporates, and the steps involved in the circulation of knowledge. How to define both the quadruple and quintuple helices has been debated, and some researchers see them as additional helices, while others see them as different types of helix which overarch the previous helices.

## Triple helix and policy making

The triple helix model has been used as a lens through which evolving relationships between university, industry and government can be analyzed. However, according to Etzkowitz and Leydesdorff, it can also be a policy making tool. It has been applied for both purposes by government organizations, such as the United States Department of Energy. Etzkowitz argues that after the end of the Soviet Era, triple helix inspired policies were implemented in Eastern Europe to promote their growth. In Sweden, the triple helix policy aimed at tying together innovation initiatives at different scales to increase their overall efficiency. The triple helix model has also been applied to developing countries and regions.

### Criticism of the model

The triple helix model as a policy-making tool for economic growth and regional development has been criticized by many scholars. One main criticism is that Etzkowitz and Leydesdorff's framework was developed within Western developed countries, which means that it is based on a particular set of infrastructures and under circumstances. For example, the model takes for granted that knowledge intensive activities are linked to economic growth, that intellectual property rights will be protected, and that the state has a democratic and market oriented culture. Further scholarly criticism of the model focuses on the conditions that enable the implementation of a triple helix innovation policy. It argues that Etzkowitz and Leydesdorff's model is too vague and takes for granted those necessary preconditions within their model. Therefore, according to critics, the triple helix model is not a relevant policy making tool for developing countries where at least one of these conditions is missing. However, others have argued that the triple helix model is capable of both describing the situation in developing countries and is useful for planning policy.

1. "The Triple Helix Concept". *Stanford University Triple Helix Research Group*. 11 July 2011.
2. Leydesdorff, Loet (2012). "The Knowledge-Based Economy and the Triple Helix Model" (PDF). *University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam School of Communications Research*. arXiv:1201.4553. Bibcode:2012arXiv1201.4553L.
3. Galvao, Anderson; Mascarenhas, Carla; Marques, Carla; Ferreira, João; Ratten, Vanessa (2019-10-02). "Triple helix and its evolution: a systematic literature review". *Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management*. **10** (3): 812–833. doi:10.1108/jstpm-10-2018-0103. ISSN 2053-4620. S2CID 203101066.
4. Etzkowitz, Henry; Leydesdorff, Loet (1995-01-01). "The Triple Helix -- University-Industry-Government Relations: A Laboratory for Knowledge Based Economic Development". SSRN 2480085.
5. Etzkowitz, Henry. "University-Industry-Government: The Triple Helix Model of Innovation" (PDF). *European Organization for Quality*. S2CID 18694456. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-05-09.
6. Etzkowitz, Henry (2008). *The triple helix: university-industry-government innovation in action*. New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-96450-0. OCLC 173749026.
7. Etzkowitz, Henry; Zhou, Chunyan. *The triple helix: university-industry-government innovation and entrepreneurship* (Second ed.). Abingdon, Oxon. ISBN 978-1-315-62018-3. OCLC 959698460.
8. Saad, Mohammed; Zawdie, Girma, eds. (2011-02-25). *Theory and Practice of the Triple Helix Model in Developing Countries*. Routledge. doi:10.4324/9780203838211. ISBN 978-0-203-83821-1.
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10. Boyer, Carol M.; Lewis, Darrell R. (1984). "Faculty Consulting: Responsibility or Promiscuity?". *The Journal of Higher Education*. **55** (5): 637–659. doi:10.2307/1981827. JSTOR 1981827.
11. Sampat, Bhaven N. (2006). "Patenting and US academic research in the 20th century: The world before and after Bayh-Dole". *Research Policy*. **35** (6): 772–789. doi:10.1016/j.respol.2006.04.009.
12. Carlson, W. Bernard (1988). "Academic Entrepreneurship and Engineering Education: Dugald C. Jackson and the MIT-GE Cooperative Engineering Course, 1907-1932". *Technology and Culture*. **29** (3): 536–567. doi:10.2307/3105273. JSTOR 3105273. S2CID 113017673.
13. Etzkowitz, Henry (2002–2011). "The Triple Helix of University - Industry - Government Implications for Policy and Evaluation" (PDF). *Institutet för Studier av Utbildning och Forskning*.
14. Leslie, Stuart W. (1993). *The Cold War and American science: the military-industrial-academic complex at MIT and Stanford*. Columbia University Press.
15. Kargon, Robert H.; Knowles, Scott G. (2002-01-01). "Knowledge for Use: Science, Higher Learning, and America's New Industrial Heartland, 1880-1915". *Annals of Science*. **59** (1): 1–20. doi:10.1080/00033790010028188. ISSN 0003-3790. S2CID 143669117.
16. Kimatu, Josphert Ngui (2016-04-01). "Evolution of strategic interactions from the triple to quad helix innovation models for sustainable development in the era of globalization". *Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship*. **5** (1): 16. doi:10.1186/s13731-016-0044-x. hdl:10419/146858. ISSN 2192-5372.
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18. "Technology transfer offices - Policy Brief" (PDF). *Innovation Policy Platform*.
19. Leslie, Stuart W.; Kargon, Robert H. (1996). "Selling Silicon Valley: Frederick Terman's Model for Regional Advantage". *The Business History Review*. **70** (4): 435–472. doi:10.2307/3117312. JSTOR 3117312. S2CID 144219746.
20. Cavallini, Simona; Soldi, Rossella; Friedl, Julia; Volpe, Margherita (2016). "Using the Quadruple Helix Approach to Accelerate the Transfer of Research and Innovation Results to Regional Growth" (PDF). *European Union Committee of the Regions*.
21. Carayannis, E.G.; Campbell, D.F.J. (2009). "'Mode 3' and 'Quadruple Helix': toward a 21st century fractal innovation ecosystem" (PDF). *International Journal of Technology Management*. **46** (3/4): 201–234. doi:10.1504/IJTM.2009.023374.
22. Cresson, Edith (17 November 1997). "Towards a Knowledge-based Europe. Lecture by Mrs Edith Cresson at the London School of Economics and Political Science". `{{cite journal}}`: Cite journal requires `|journal=` (help)
23. "GUIDELINES FOR LIVING LABS IN CLIMATE SERVICES – EU MACS". *eu-macs.eu*. Retrieved 2019-03-09.
24. hubavem (2013-12-04). "Open Innovation 2.0". *Digital Single Market - European Commission*. Retrieved 2019-03-09.
25. Carayannis, Elias G; Barth, Thorsten D; Campbell, David FJ (2012). "The Quintuple Helix innovation model: global warming as a challenge and driver for innovation". *Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship*. **1** (1): 2. doi:10.1186/2192-5372-1-2. hdl:10419/78609. ISSN 2192-5372.
26. Carayannis, Elias G; Barth, Thorsten D; Campbell, David FJ (2012). "The Quintuple Helix innovation model: global warming as a challenge and driver for innovation". *Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship*. **1** (1): 2. doi:10.1186/2192-5372-1-2. hdl:10419/78609. ISSN 2192-5372.
27. Höglund, Linda; Linton, Gabriel (2017-12-27). "Smart specialization in regional innovation systems: a quadruple helix perspective". *R&D Management*. **48** (1): 60–72. doi:10.1111/radm.12306. ISSN 0033-6807.
28. Leydesdorff, Loet (March 2012). "The Triple Helix, Quadruple Helix, …, and an N-Tuple of Helices: Explanatory Models for Analyzing the Knowledge-Based Economy?". *Journal of the Knowledge Economy*. **3** (1): 25–35. arXiv:1012.1937. doi:10.1007/s13132-011-0049-4. ISSN 1868-7865. S2CID 53142456.
29. United States. Department of Energy. Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. United States. Department of Energy. Office of Scientific and Technical Information. (2017). *Annual Report on the State of the DOE National Laboratories*. United States. Dept. of Energy. Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. p. 12. OCLC 982478894.
30. Yuzhuo Cai (10 July 2013). "Enhancing context sensitivity of the Triple Helix model: An institutional logics perspective" (PDF). *Triple Helix Conference*.
31. Cai, Yuzhuo; Ough, Rihannon; Liu, Cui. "Enabling conditions for regional triple helix systems". *Triple Helix Association*.
32. Williams, Logan D. A.; Woodson, Thomas S. (2012). "The Future of Innovation Studies in Less Economically Developed Countries". *Minerva*. **50** (2): 221–237. doi:10.1007/s11024-012-9200-z. JSTOR 43548641. S2CID 59420797.


title: Trimmer Hill

abstract:
Trimmer Hill is a historic Queen Anne style house at 230 6th St. in Pacific Grove, California that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). It was built in 1893. It was built for medical Dr. Oliver Smith Trimmer, first mayor of Pacific Grove, and mayor for 20 years. It was listed on the NRHP in 1982. Its 1980 NRHP nomination asserts it is "an unaltered, exuberant example of period Queen Anne styling....one of the most outstanding examples of its type and period in a community which is known for its 19th century architecture." The house was also described as "'a very good
example of the Queen Anne style'" in A Guide to Architecture in San Francisco and Northern California.

text:
# Trimmer Hill

**Trimmer Hill** is a historic Queen Anne style house at 230 6th St. in Pacific Grove, California that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). It was built in 1893.

It was built for medical Dr. Oliver Smith Trimmer, first mayor of Pacific Grove, and mayor for 20 years. It was listed on the NRHP in 1982.

Its 1980 NRHP nomination asserts it is "an unaltered, exuberant example of period Queen Anne styling....one of the most outstanding examples of its type and period in a community which is known for its 19th century architecture." The house was also described as "'a very good example of the Queen Anne style'" in *A Guide to Architecture in San Francisco and Northern California*.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Trimmer Hill | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | 230 6th St., Pacific Grove, California |
| Coordinates | 36°37′4″N 121°54′36″W / 36.61778°N 121.91000°W / 36.61778; -121.91000 |
| Area | 0.2 acres (0.081 ha) |
| Built | 1893 |
| Architectural style | Queen Anne |
| NRHP reference No. | 82002208 |
| Added to NRHP | June 28, 1982 |


title: Lovelace Health System

abstract: Lovelace Health System is a healthcare company which operates six hospitals in New Mexico, five in Albuquerque and one in Roswell. It is one of New Mexico's largest employers with 3,659 employees as of 2020. The company grew out of the Lovelace Clinic founded in 1922, one of the pioneers of group medical practice in the United States. The clinic was best known for conducting physical evaluations of 32 astronaut candidates in 1959 which helped to select the Mercury Seven, the first Americans to travel into space. The clinic also administered testing for an unofficial "women in space" program, during which 13 women—later nicknamed the Mercury 13—were named as prospective astronauts, though they never traveled to space. From 1947 to 1985, the company was a nonprofit institution owned and operated by the Lovelace Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Lovelace was subsequently reorganized as a for-profit hospital network and has been under the ownership of Ardent Health Services since 2002.

text:
# Lovelace Health System

**Lovelace Health System** is a healthcare company which operates six hospitals in New Mexico, five in Albuquerque and one in Roswell. It is one of New Mexico's largest employers with 3,659 employees as of 2020. The company grew out of the **Lovelace Clinic** founded in 1922, one of the pioneers of group medical practice in the United States. The clinic was best known for conducting physical evaluations of 32 astronaut candidates in 1959 which helped to select the Mercury Seven, the first Americans to travel into space. The clinic also administered testing for an unofficial "women in space" program, during which 13 women—later nicknamed the Mercury 13—were named as prospective astronauts, though they never traveled to space.

From 1947 to 1985, the company was a nonprofit institution owned and operated by the Lovelace Foundation for Medical Education and Research (now a separate entity, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute). Lovelace was subsequently reorganized as a for-profit hospital network and has been under the ownership of Ardent Health Services since 2002.

## History

The clinic was established in 1922 by William Randolph Lovelace (1883–1968) and his brother-in-law Edgar T. Lassetter (1875–1948), both of whom had originally moved to New Mexico to recover from tuberculosis. In 1946, William Randolph Lovelace II, a nephew of both Lovelace and Lassetter, joined the practice. He had previously worked at the Mayo Clinic and had connections in the aviation industry, which helped turn the Lovelace Clinic into a leader in aerospace medicine. Lovelace II quickly took on a leadership role at the clinic and was instrumental in its 1947 reorganization as a nonprofit under the control of the Lovelace Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Another notable physician, Clayton Sam White, was hired as the foundation's first director of research.

In 1950, the clinic moved from its original location on the third floor of the First National Bank Building to a new purpose-built facility at Gibson and Ridgecrest in the Southeast Heights designed by office of John Gaw Meem. By the 1950s, the Lovelace Clinic was considered one of the "Big Six" group practice clinics in the United States along with the Mayo Clinic, Lahey Clinic, Cleveland Clinic, Ochsner Clinic, and Henry Ford Hospital. The medical staff grew from 22 physicians in 1947 to 75 in 1965 and 151 in 1986. In 1959, the clinic conducted physical evaluations of 32 astronaut candidates which helped to select the Mercury Seven, the first Americans to travel into space. At Lovelace II's suggestion, the clinic also administered testing for an unofficial "women in space" program, during which 13 women—later nicknamed the Mercury 13—were named as prospective astronauts, though they never traveled to space.

In 1972, the Lovelace Clinic partnered with the neighboring Bataan Memorial Hospital to launch one of the first two health maintenance organizations (HMOs) in New Mexico, and in 1973 the clinic and hospital merged as the Lovelace Center for the Health Sciences. In 1985, seeking funding to remodel and expand its aging hospital complex, Lovelace reorganized as a for-profit company, Lovelace Inc., which was jointly owned by the Hospital Corporation of America and the Lovelace Foundation. In 1990, HCA's 80% share of the company was acquired by Cigna, which then bought the remaining 20% in 1991. At the time of the sale, Lovelace operated a 235-bed hospital, 16 clinics, and the 120,000-member HMO. Afterwards, the company was no longer affiliated with the Lovelace Foundation, which remains in operation as the Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute.

In 2002, the company was purchased by Ardent Health Services, which effected a merger between Lovelace and St. Joseph Hospital. This changed Lovelace's structure from its previous self-contained group practice model to a conventional hospital system, and increased the number of hospitals under its control from one to five. The former St. Joseph Regional Medical Center became the flagship hospital of the system and the original Lovelace hospital closed in 2007.

## Hospitals

### Lovelace Medical Center

Since 2002, the flagship Lovelace hospital has been the Lovelace Medical Center in the Martineztown-Santa Barbara neighborhood of central Albuquerque. The hospital opened in 1902 as St. Joseph Hospital and was expanded with a new building in 1930 which is now listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The current hospital building was completed in 1968 and has 263 licensed beds.

### Other hospitals

* Lovelace Women's Hospital (opened 1982 as Heights General Hospital; 120 licensed beds)
* Lovelace Westside Hospital (opened 1984 as St. Joseph West Mesa Hospital; 80 licensed beds)
* Lovelace UNM Rehabilitation Hospital (opened 1988; 62 licensed beds)
* Heart Hospital of New Mexico at Lovelace Medical Center (opened 1999; 55 licensed beds)
* Lovelace Regional Hospital, Roswell (27 licensed beds)

### Former hospital

The original Lovelace Medical Center opened in 1952 as Bataan Memorial Methodist Hospital and was remodeled and expanded in 1987. At the time of its closure in 2007, the hospital had 203 licensed beds. In 2021, the city of Albuquerque purchased the former hospital with the intention of turning it into a "Gateway Center" providing shelter and medical services for people experiencing homelessness.

## InfoBox

Lovelace Health System
|
|  |
| Industry | Healthcare |
| Founded | 1922 |
| Founder | William Randolph Lovelace<br>Edgar T. Lassetter |
| Headquarters | Albuquerque, New Mexico |
| Owner | Ardent Health Services |
| Number of employees | 3,659 (2020) |
| Website | https://lovelace.com/ |


title: Trollhättan Falls

abstract: Trollhättan Falls is a waterfall in the Göta river in Sweden. The falls starts at Malgö Bridge in central Trollhättan, and has a total height of 32 metres, making up a large part of the 44 metre total fall of the river from Vänern to Kattegat. Before the hydroelectric powerplants were built the discharge of the falls was 900 m³/s, and the falls stretched down to Olidehålan, where the lower part of the fall was called Helvetesfallet. Today the river is allowed through its original course only at special occasions, to regulate the waterlevels of Vänern or as a tourist attraction, such as during the Fallens dagar, arranged on the third Friday of July every year. The discharge is then 300 m³/s. Most of the time the falls are used in the hydroelectric powerplants Håjum and Olidan on the eastern banks of the river.

text:
# Trollhättan Falls

**Trollhättan Falls** is a waterfall in the Göta river (Göta älv) in Sweden.

The falls starts at Malgö Bridge in central Trollhättan, and has a total height of 32 metres, making up a large part of the 44 metre total fall of the river from Vänern to Kattegat. Before the hydroelectric powerplants were built the discharge of the falls was 900 m³/s, and the falls stretched down to Olidehålan, where the lower part of the fall was called *Helvetesfallet* ("Hell Falls").

Today the river is allowed through its original course only at special occasions, to regulate the waterlevels of Vänern or as a tourist attraction, such as during the *Fallens dagar* ("Days of the Waterfalls"), arranged on the third Friday of July every year. The discharge is then 300 m³/s.

Most of the time the falls are used in the hydroelectric powerplants Håjum and Olidan on the eastern banks of the river.

Media related to Trollhättan Falls at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Trollhättan Falls | |
| --- | --- |
| Trollhättan Falls on "Day of the Waterfalls", 18 July 2004 | |
|  | |
| Location | Västra Götaland County, Sweden |
| Coordinates | 58°16.9′N 12°16.7′E / 58.2817°N 12.2783°E / 58.2817; 12.2783 |
| Total height | 32 metres (105 ft) |


title: Trondenes (disambiguation)

abstract: Trondenes may refer to:

text:
# Trondenes (disambiguation)

**Trondenes** may refer to:

## Places

* Trondenes, a neighborhood in the town of Harstad in Harstad Municipality in Troms county, Norway
* Trondenes Municipality, a former municipality in Troms county, Norway
* Trondenes Fort, a fort in the town of Harstad in Harstad Municipality in Troms county, Norway
* Trondenes Church, a church in the neighborhood of Trondenes in the town of Harstad in Harstad Municipality in Troms county, Norway
* Trondenes Historical Center, a museum in the neighborhood of Trondenes in the town of Harstad in Harstad Municipality in Troms county, Norway

## Other

* Trondenes District Court, a district court based in the town of Harstad in Harstad Municipality in Troms county, Norway
* Trondenes prosti, a Church of Norway deanery based in the town of Harstad in Harstad Municipality in Troms county, Norway


title: Lover of Mine

abstract: "Lover of Mine" is a song performed by Canadian singer Alannah Myles, released as the fourth single from her debut self-titled album. It was the most successful single from the album in Myles' home country, reaching number two on the RPM 100 Hit Tracks chart. Myles recorded a new version of the song as a duet with Swedish artist Liny Wood, who had also covered the song on her own in 2012. The duet was released as a bonus track on the digital version of her 2014 album 85 BPM.

text:
# Lover of Mine

"**Lover of Mine**" is a song performed by Canadian singer Alannah Myles, released as the fourth (third in most territories) single from her debut self-titled album. It was the most successful single from the album in Myles' home country, reaching number two on the *RPM* 100 Hit Tracks chart. Myles recorded a new version of the song as a duet with Swedish artist Liny Wood, who had also covered the song on her own in 2012. The duet was released as a bonus track on the digital version of her 2014 album *85 BPM*.

## Lyrics

The song is about a relationship that is endangered by cheating and infidelity on the man's part, while the woman has expressed her deep love and loyalty for him. The wandering eyes of the man towards other women is obvious to his partner. A breakup is never hinted at in the lyrics of the song.

## Release and reception

First released in her native Canada in February 1990, the song debuted on the chart on the same week her previous single, "Still Got This Thing", peaked at number 28. "Lover of Mine", which was released in Canada just as her song "Black Velvet" was released internationally and was becoming a massive worldwide hit, became her biggest hit in her homeland up to that point, peaking at number two in May 1990. The song also topped the Canadian Adult Contemporary charts for 4 weeks in March–April, Myles' first of two number-one adult contemporary hits in her home country. In the year-end charts, the song placed as the 16th biggest hit of that year in Canada.

In most territories "Lover of Mine" was the third single off the album instead of "Still Got This Thing", following "Love Is", except in Australia and New Zealand where they followed the Canadian single releases schedule and it was the fourth single. "Lover of Mine" was released internationally in the late Summer/early Autumn of 1990, charting in several countries, albeit in the lower regions of the charts. It was released in the US, but it failed to reach any Billboard chart.

## Music video

The music video, directed by Deborah Samuel, features Myles singing the song on a beach and on seacliffs surrounding it, as well as on fields. It was filmed in Ireland, on the areas of County Clare and The Burren.

## Track listings

**Canada and Australia 7-inch single**

1. "Lover of Mine" – 4:37
2. "Kick Start My Heart" – 2:57

**European 12-inch and CD single**

1. "Lover of Mine" – 4:37
2. "Just One Kiss" – 3:26
3. "Black Velvet" (edit) – 4:03

## Charts

## InfoBox

| "Lover of Mine" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Alannah Myles | |
| from the album  *Alannah Myles* | |
| B-side | "Just One Kiss" |
| Released | February 1990 |
| Length | 4:37 |
| Label | Atlantic |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Producer(s) | * Christopher Ward * /David Tyson |
| Alannah Myles singles chronology | |
| "Still Got This Thing"
(1989) "**Lover of Mine**"
(1990) "Song Instead of a Kiss"
(1992) | |


title: Loverbar

abstract: Loverbar was a queer bar, restaurant and nightclub located in Río Piedras, San Juan, Puerto Rico. As a queer club it was the first of its kind in Puerto Rico, with Refinery29 calling it "the queer destination for everything exciting, progressive, and radical about the Puerto Rican queer scene." It opened in 2020 and announced its closure at the end of 2021.

text:
# Loverbar

**Loverbar** was a queer bar, restaurant and nightclub located in Río Piedras, San Juan, Puerto Rico. As a queer club it was the first of its kind in Puerto Rico, with *Refinery29* calling it "*the* queer destination for everything exciting, progressive, and radical about the Puerto Rican queer scene." It opened in 2020 and announced its closure at the end of 2021.

## History

Loverbar was founded by journalist Jhoni Jackson, who previously had co-owned Club 77, a discotheque, where she organized an LGBT group of artists called *House of* *De Show*. In 2017, Jackson resigned as Club 77's owner and, after setting up an unsuccessful Indiegogo campaign, raised and saved money for three years. Loverbar was idealized as a safe space, since Puerto Rico has a high rate of crimes and murders against transgender people, to showcase queer artists, due in part to the lack of venues for LGBT artists, including drag performers.

Loverbar opened on Paseo José de Diego on 20 August 2020, however, due to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, Jackson and her team converted the bar and nightclub into a restaurant, opening earlier in the day and offering coffee and a vegan menu. In addition, it counted with a community closet, permitting people to donate as well as take pieces of clothing. Jackson had clarified that making a profit is not the goal, as she viewed Loverbar as a space to provide employment to queer individuals and allegedly paid them above minimum wage, at $9.00 an hour.

| External videos | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipio de San Juan investigará exceso de fuerza en intervención en Loverbar *(in Spanish)* \[Municipality of San Juan Will Investigate Excess Force in Intervention in Loverbar\] (25 July 2021) on WAPA-TV | |

Intervention by the Puerto Rico Police had been frequent, since they had dispersed crowds that tended to gather outside the club, or entered armed to the venue. A notable police raid was carried out on the night of 22 July 2021, when, half an hour before closing, ten armed police officers blocked the bar entrance, while another ten raided it. This was allegedly due to a complaint filed by a neighbor, alleging a lack of COVID-19 regulation enforcement as well as use of public space for private purposes. While there was no substance to the complaint, permit enforcers did fine Jackson for lacking a permit to operate a bar with a closed kitchen. (The kitchen had closed only about an hour prior.) This was decried on social media, including Pedro Julio Serrano and Manuel Natal Albelo, citing harassment and discrimination, as the San Juan mayor, Miguel Romero Lugo, said that other establishments had been inspected as well, however, he and his office refused to detail which were those. subsequently, Romero Lugo made a press release confirming his stance against discrimination. Nonetheless, the only other venue to be reviewed in a similar manner was Club 77. Other neighboring establishments, such as Paseo Bar, Iluminati and El Ensayo, were also visited that night by the Police operatives. The raids had been an alleged part of an attempt to gentrify the area.

Without prior warning, Loverbar announced its closure on its social media profiles on 8 December 2021, with that night being its last and directing its patrons to donate directly to the venue's employees.

18°23′58″N 66°03′08″W / 18.399355555914°N 66.052160715376°W / 18.399355555914; -66.052160715376

## InfoBox

| Loverbar | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Restaurant information | |
| Established | August 20, 2020 (2020-08-20) |
| Closed | December 8, 2021 (2021-12-08) |
| Owner(s) | Jhoni Jackson |
| Street address | 1063 Ave. Juan Ponce de León |
| City | San Juan, Puerto Rico |
| Coordinates | 18°23′58″N 66°03′08″W / 18.399355555914°N 66.052160715376°W / 18.399355555914; -66.052160715376 |
| Website | Official website |


title: Love Life (British TV series)

abstract: Love Life is a British drama television miniseries which was shown on ITV.

text:
# Love Life (British TV series)

***Love Life*** is a British drama television miniseries which was shown on ITV.

## Cast

Robert James-Collier as Joe

Sophie Thompson as Penny

Andrea Lowe as Lucy

Kieran O'Brien as Dez

Alexander Armstrong as Dominic

Gregor Fisher as Will

Dylan Tomkins as Bobby

## Episodes

### Episode 1

* Air date - 15 March 2012

Joe (Rob James-Collier) returns from his latest trip abroad to find that ex-girlfriend Lucy (Andrea Lowe), is pregnant. The baby's father is her boss Dominic (Alexander Armstrong), who is married to Penny (Sophie Thompson). Penny wants a child but does not have one. When Penny knows that her husband has a baby with Lucy, she is upset but she wants Lucy to have the baby.

### Episode 2

* Air date - 22 March 2012

Lucy leaves hospital with her baby,Arthur,but the bailiffs have taken everything from Will's flat so Joe installs them in a caravan belonging to his brother Dez. Penny,noticing Dom's odd behaviour, follows him and sees him holding Arthur and he eventually admits that he is the father, which upsets Penny so much that she crashes her car. Due to the circumstances Lucy has found herself in, Penny decides to sue for custody of Arthur. Joe meets with Alex, who is off on her travels again and invites him to go with her. However he goes to see Lucy at the caravan where they argue. After Joe has left Dom arrives and asks Lucy to hand the baby over to him

### Episode 3

* Air date - 29 March 2012

Penny prepares to fight for Arthur's custody as Joe tells Lucy he is off to Argentina with Alex. Penny,fearing that Lucy will run off with Dom and the baby,confronts her and Liz, in a attempt to break them up finds herself injured. Despite this Liz persuades Penny to give up her claim and be glad of what she and Dom have. After Will accuses Dom of abandoning his daughter Dom gives him money to pay for accommodation for Lucy and Will gambles it on a horse but wins big time and goes to Dom's shop to return his stake. He then meets Penny and the two of them argue leading to Will being taken to the hospital. Everyone then begins to reconsider the anger between them.

## Critical reception

The show received a rating of 6.8 on IMDb pulling from 75 reviews.

## InfoBox

| *Love Life* | |
| --- | --- |
| Genre |  |
| Written by | Bill Gallagher |
| Directed by | Dominic Leclerc |
| Starring |  |
| Country of origin | United Kingdom |
| Original language | English |
| No. of seasons | 1 |
| No. of episodes | 3 |
| Original release | |
| Release | March 15 (2012-03-15) <br>March 29, 2012 (2012-03-29) |


title: Triptych–August 1972

abstract: Triptych–August 1972 is a large oil-on-canvas triptych by the British artist Francis Bacon (1909–1992). It was painted in memory of Bacon's lover George Dyer who committed suicide on 24 October 1971, the eve of the artist's retrospective at Paris's Grand Palais, then the highest honour Bacon had received. The work is the second of three "Black Triptychs" completed in the following years as a memorial to his lover. The dates of the last two triptychs are included in their titles, indicating that Bacon intended them as almost diary entries into a very bleak period in his life. As such the paintings are records of how Bacon was coping with the loss of Dyer at that particular time. They are haunted and permeated by the inevitable feelings of guilt experienced by anybody who has lost a close friend to suicide.

text:
# Triptych–August 1972

***Triptych–August 1972*** is a large oil-on-canvas triptych by the British artist Francis Bacon (1909–1992). It was painted in memory of Bacon's lover George Dyer who committed suicide on 24 October 1971, the eve of the artist's retrospective at Paris's Grand Palais, then the highest honour Bacon had received.

The work is the second of three "Black Triptychs" completed in the following years as a memorial to his lover. The dates of the last two triptychs are included in their titles, indicating that Bacon intended them as almost diary entries into a very bleak period in his life. As such the paintings are records of how Bacon was coping with the loss of Dyer at that particular time. They are haunted and permeated by the inevitable feelings of guilt experienced by anybody who has lost a close friend to suicide.

## Context

Bacon never really recovered from Dyer's suicide, and never again had such a close or long-standing sexual partner. He said, "people say you forget about death, but you don't. After all, I've had a very unfortunate life, because all the people I've been really fond of have died. And you don't stop thinking about them; time doesn't heal." He expanded further in the 1985 South Bank Show documentary stating that "\[people\] are always trying to defeat death by leaving images, but it won't make any difference; we'll just be dead, though the image may live on".

The black triptychs are so named because of their bleak mood and due to the active role the black paint plays in each. In essence each is a memento mori, and they are part of a larger series of works painted in the aftermath, a succession of paintings that include smaller single heads of Dyer, and a number of Bacon's self-portraits that extend into the mid 80s, perhaps as far as his late masterpiece, *Study for a Self-Portrait—Triptych, 1985–86*. Of that work he said that people had died "around me like flies and I've had nobody else to paint but myself".

In this work Dyer is presented as a figure struggling in vain to survive; in the triptych of 1973 he is finally defeated, naked and vomiting into a toilet basin in one panel, in another wandering towards an open door to lay down and die. The panels in *Triptych–August 1972* document the final hours of Dyer's life, but in common with the other two works in the series, internally the sequencing of individual panels defy narrative interpretation; they cannot be read from left to right, and any depiction is as desperate as an other.

## Description

The portraits on the wing panels are based on photographs of Dyer taken by John Deakin in the mid-1960s. The painted images are faithful to the photographs, except that the black background replaces the studio wall. The panels show Dyer in his underwear posing on a chair in the artist's studio. He is depicted as muscular and strong, but restless, ill at ease, and the two panels are filled with senses of movement and tension. Dyer is presented as a man literally falling apart. His body is mutilated; the black border dissolves into his body in both, leaving a void in place of large parts of his torso. In contrast he seems to be melting, leaving blobs of flesh on the ground beneath him. Bacon described this effect as portraying "the life flowing out of him".

The center painting shows two men having sex; presumably Bacon is remembering his encounters with his lost lover. The depiction is based on Eadweard Muybridge's series of photographs of wrestlers –a series he often referred to– but takes the idea much further, directly linking the act of love with acts of violence. Yet the panel is quite chaste; the upper man is without genitals. Art historian Denis Farr sees their embrace as without affection, and that they are more embraced in "mortal combat". The outer wings are formed from a pair of long isosceles triangles, which contrast against the low isosceles triangle of the central image. In the outer wings, the back rectangles are flanked by inwardly facing white triangles. This compositional structure may have been influenced by Matisse's *Bathers by a River*, which also uses geometric forms to separate three figures and create wide bands. As in all of the Black Triptych's, doorways predominate, and form a menacing and foreboding presence, symbolic of death and the void the subject is about to pass through.

As with the third triptych in the series, *Triptych, May–June 1973*, each panel shows a wall with a large open door behind Dyer. It is this doorway that emits the darkness, represented by black paint, that overwhelms and literally consumes the representations of Dyer, removing large parts of his flesh. In this work, Dyer in left wing has lost most of his torso, in the right wing the black area of flesh is removed reaching from his waist to his jaw. Both figures in the center panel have been eroded and are reduced to little more than upper body and head. Art critic Wieland Schmied said that if the panel had been set a few moments later the black would have "swallowed \[them\] up entirely". Bacon first introduced this motif in his 1965 *Crucifixion*, however while that work was set in an open and public space, the figures in these panels are isolated and alone.

## Sources

* Dawson, Barbara; Sylvester, David. *Francis Bacon in Dublin*. London: Thames & Hudson, 2000. ISBN 0-500-28254-4
* Farr, Dennis; Peppiatt, Michael; Yard, Sally. *Francis Bacon: A Retrospective*. NY: Harry N Abrams, 1999. ISBN 0-8109-2925-2
* Peppiatt, Michael. *Anatomy of an Enigma*. Westview Press, 1996. ISBN 0-8133-3520-5
* Russell, John, *Francis Bacon (World of Art)*. London: Norton, 1971. ISBN 0-500-20169-2
* Schmied, Wieland. *Francis Bacon: Commitment and Conflict*. Munich: Prestel. ISBN 3-7913-1664-8
* Sylvester, David. *The Brutality of Fact: Interviews With Francis Bacon*. London: Thames and Hudson, 1987. ISBN 0-500-27475-4
* van Alphen, Ernst. *Francis Bacon and the Loss of Self*. London: Reaktion Books, 1992. ISBN 0-948462-33-7
* Zweite, Armin (ed). *The Violence of the Real*. London: Thames and Hudson, 2006. ISBN 0-500-09335-0


title: VLS-1 V02

abstract: VLS-1 V02 was the second flight of the VLS-1 rocket on December 11, 1999 from the Alcântara Launch Center, with the objective of placing the SACI-2 microsatellite in LEO. The rocket was remotely destroyed 3 minutes after launch.

text:
# VLS-1 V02

**VLS-1 V02** was the second flight of the VLS-1 rocket on December 11, 1999 from the Alcântara Launch Center, with the objective of placing the SACI-2 microsatellite in LEO. The rocket was remotely destroyed 3 minutes after launch.

## Origins

The mission's goal was to place the SACI-2 satellite in into a circular orbit 750 km high. This followed after SACI-1, launched by China, was lost due to a transmitter failure. It was the second launch of the VLS-1 rocket, with the first being lost shortly after launch. The launch campaign was called "Operation Almenara", and occurred after the necessary modifications had been made.

The total cost of the operation was US$ 7.4 million, with the satellite being valued at R$2.04 million (U$ 1124628.18). The budget constraints prevented a test launch before the official launch. SACI-2's mission was to collect hydro-meteorological and environmental data as part of a study of space geophysics.

In March 1999 the preparations at the Alcântara Launch Center were underway. On June 18, 1999, Defense Minister Élcio Álvares observed the rocket's assembly and integration activities at the Aeronautics Institute of Technology. SACI-2 began to be assembled in July and arrived in Maranhão on November 28, 1999.

The launch was planned for November 20, 1999, but tests of SACI-2 in the thermo-vacuum chamber indicated a failure in one of the electronic components. The rocket was ready by the same month. The satellite problem was solved by replacing the memory in the internal computer. If the satellite had not been repaired before launch, they considered dismantling the VLS or launching it empty. The launch was later scheduled for December 7, but was postponed due to problems with the rocket. On the same day, December 7, the launch center teams wrapped up the simulated countdown.

Around 600 people were involved in the launch, and the airspace in the region was closed for approximately three hours.

## Launch

VLS-1 V02 was launched on December 11, 1999, at 18:40 (UTC), after a ten minute delay. The four strap-on boosters worked correctly, however, it was remotely destroyed after 3 minutes and 30 seconds due to the second stage not being activated. The debris fell within the interdicted area.

The announcement of the failure only came one hour and 20 minutes after the accident. According to the official version, Brigadier Tiago Ribeiro, responsible for the announcement, would have been ill due to emotion after the accident.

## Aftermath

The announcement came from the INPE directorate in São José dos Campos, about an hour before an official military announcement. The Brazilian Air Force relied on help from fishing communities to locate the wreckage. Its four boosters fell 60 kilometers off the coast of the Parnaíba region; the second stage and the rest of the rocket fell off the coast of Fortaleza. Among military circles there were rumors that the VLS had been the victim of sabotage.

The Brazilian and international media had difficulty communicating with their newspapers due to overloaded Internet. The failure led INPE to cancel the microsatellite program. On December 13, 1999, President Fernando Henrique Cardoso announced that the project would be reviewed by the MCT, the Aeronautics and INPE.

The investigation revealed that the accident was due to a flame penetration of the second stage block and the front flexible heat shield flap. The next launch, VLS-1 V03, after plans to launch it in 2001, was finally scheduled for 2003. However, on August 22, 2003, three days before the launch, the rocket was destroyed at its base due to an accidental ignition, leading to 21 deaths. VLS-1 V04 had 70% of its structure built, but the program was terminated in 2016.

## Flight profile

Mission timeline
| Time | Event | Result |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **00:00** | **Liftoff** | Success |
| 00:55 | 2nd stage ignition | Failure |
| 01:09 | 3rd stage ignition |  |
| 02:11 | Payload fairing separation |  |
| 03:00 | 3rd stage shutdown |  |
| **03:30** | **Destruction due to non-ignition of 2nd stage** | |
| 03:08 | 3rd stage separation |  |
| ~07:00 | 4rd stage ignition |  |
| 09:00 | Satellite orbit injection |  |

1. Translation: "Sliver of light".

## Bibliography

(Chronological order)

## InfoBox

VLS-1 V02
| VLS-1 launch | |
| --- | --- |
| Launch | 11 December 1999, 18:40 p.m UTC |
| Operator |  |
| Pad | Alcântara Launch Center VLS-Pad |
| Payload | SACI-2 |
| Outcome | Destroyed |
| Launch duration | 3m30s |
|  | |


title: Montville Township School District

abstract: The Montville Township School District is a comprehensive community public school district that serves students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade from Montville, in Morris County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2022–23 school year, the district, comprised of seven schools, had an enrollment of 3,469 students and 348.5 classroom teachers, for a student–teacher ratio of 10.0:1. The district is classified by the New Jersey Department of Education as being in District Factor Group "I", the second-highest of eight groupings. District Factor Groups organize districts statewide to allow comparison by common socioeconomic characteristics of the local districts. From lowest socioeconomic status to highest, the categories are A, B, CD, DE, FG, GH, I and J.

text:
# Montville Township School District

The **Montville Township School District** is a comprehensive community public school district that serves students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade from Montville, in Morris County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey.

As of the 2022–23 school year, the district, comprised of seven schools, had an enrollment of 3,469 students and 348.5 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 10.0:1.

The district is classified by the New Jersey Department of Education as being in District Factor Group "I", the second-highest of eight groupings. District Factor Groups organize districts statewide to allow comparison by common socioeconomic characteristics of the local districts. From lowest socioeconomic status to highest, the categories are A, B, CD, DE, FG, GH, I and J.

## Awards and recognition

In 2016, Cedar Hill Elementary School was one of ten schools in New Jersey recognized as a National Blue Ribbon School by the United States Department of Education. In 2024, Hillsdale Elementary School was one of 11 statewide that was recognized as a Blue Ribbon School of Excellence.

The district and several of its schools have been recognized by Character.org in its Schools of Character program. In 2016, Cedar Hill Elementary School and Woodmont Elementary School were named New Jersey and National Schools of Character. In 2018, Robert R. Lazar Middle School was named a New Jersey and National School of Character and the Montville School District was named a New Jersey and National District of Character. In 2019, William Mason Elementary School was named a New Jersey State and National School of Character. In 2020, Hilldale Elementary School and Valley View Elementary School were names New Jersey State Schools of Character.

By 2020, all seven of the Montville Township Public Schools have attained Bronze Level certification through the Sustainable Jersey for Schools Program.

For the 1994-95 school year, Robert R. Lazar Middle School was named as a "Star School" by the New Jersey Department of Education, the highest honor that a New Jersey school can achieve.

In 2013, Valley View Elementary School was named as a high performing "Reward School" by the New Jersey Department of Education, one of 57 schools statewide and eight in Morris County to earn this recognition.

## Schools

Schools in the district (with 2022–23 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics) are:

Elementary schools * Cedar Hill Elementary School with 328 students in grades PreK-5
    + Michael Raj, principal
* Hilldale Elementary School with 320 students in grades K-5
    + Jill Cisneros, principal
* William H. Mason Jr. Elementary School with 277 students in grades K-5
    + Dave Melucci, principal
* Valley View Elementary School with 365 students in grades PreK-5
    + Patricia J. Kennedy, principal
* Woodmont Elementary School with 310 students in grades K-5
    + Dominic Esposito, principal

Middle school * Robert R. Lazar Middle School with 724 students in grades 6-8
    + Michael Pasciuto, principal

High school After school * Montville Extended Day Learning Center is an after-school program available at all the elementary schools in the district.

## Administration

Core members of the district's administration are:

* Thomas A. Gorman, superintendent
* Katine Slunt, business administrator and board secretary

## Board of education

The district's board of education is comprised of nine members who set policy and oversee the fiscal and educational operation of the district through its administration. As a Type II school district, the board's trustees are elected directly by voters to serve three-year terms of office on a staggered basis, with three seats up for election each year held (since 2012) as part of the November general election. The board appoints a superintendent to oversee the district's day-to-day operations and a business administrator to supervise the business functions of the district.

## InfoBox

| Montville Township School District | |
| --- | --- |
| Address | |
| 86 River Road Montville, Morris County, New Jersey, 07045 | |
| Coordinates | 40°51′56″N 74°20′54″W / 40.865491°N 74.34821°W / 40.865491; -74.34821 |
| District information | |
| Grades | PreK-12 |
| Superintendent | Thomas A. Gorman |
| Business administrator | Katine Slunt |
| Schools | 7 |
| Students and staff | |
| Enrollment | 3,469 (as of 2022–23) |
| Faculty | 348.5 FTEs |
| Student–teacher ratio | 10.0:1 |
| Other information | |
| District Factor Group | I |
| Website | www.montville.net |
| Ind. Per pupil District
spending Rank
(\*) K-12
average  %± vs.
average  **1A** **Total Spending** $18,239 45 $18,891 −3.5%   **1** **Budgetary Cost** 14,462 51 14,783 −2.2%   **2** **Classroom Instruction** 9,030 66 8,763 3.0%   **6** **Support Services** 2,433 62 2,392 1.7%   **8** **Administrative Cost** 1,366 35 1,485 −8.0%   **10** **Operations & Maintenance** 1,216 10 1,783 −31.8%   **13** **Extracurricular Activities** 412 100 268 53.7%   **16** **Median Teacher Salary** 61,960 34 64,043  Data from NJDoE 2014 Taxpayers' Guide to Education Spending.
\*Of K-12 districts with more than 3,500 students. Lowest spending=1; Highest=103 | |


title: Nicholas J. Deml

abstract: Nicholas J. Deml is an American attorney, intelligence official, and politician who has served as the Commissioner of the Vermont Department of Corrections since November 2021. Previously, Deml worked as a clandestine intelligence officer in the Directorate of Operations at the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), and as an aide to U.S. Senate Assistant Majority Leader Dick Durbin and U.S. Senate Committee on the Judiciary. Deml holds a Juris Doctor (J.D.) degree from Marquette University Law School and a Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) degree in political science from Southern Illinois University. He is a national advocate of corrections reform. He is the Treasurer and Executive Committee member of the Correctional Leaders Association (CLA), serves as the Chairman of the CLA Restrictive Housing Committee, and an advisory board member of the Council of State Governments Justice Center.

text:
# Nicholas J. Deml

**Nicholas J. Deml** (born May 14, 1987) is an American attorney, intelligence official, and politician who has served as the Commissioner of the Vermont Department of Corrections since November 2021. Previously, Deml worked as a clandestine intelligence officer in the Directorate of Operations at the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), and as an aide to U.S. Senate Assistant Majority Leader Dick Durbin and U.S. Senate Committee on the Judiciary.

Deml holds a Juris Doctor (J.D.) degree from Marquette University Law School and a Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) degree in political science from Southern Illinois University. He is a national advocate of corrections reform. He is the Treasurer and Executive Committee member of the Correctional Leaders Association (CLA), serves as the Chairman of the CLA Restrictive Housing Committee, and an advisory board member of the Council of State Governments Justice Center.


title: Britney Gutknecht

abstract: Britney Gutknecht is an Australian rules footballer who plays for Western Bulldogs in the AFL Women's (AFLW). It was revealed that Gutknecht had signed a contract extension with the club on 16 June 2021, after playing 4 games for the club that season.

text:
# Britney Gutknecht

**Britney Gutknecht** (born 20 April 2001) is an Australian rules footballer who plays for Western Bulldogs in the AFL Women's (AFLW). It was revealed that Gutknecht had signed a contract extension with the club on 16 June 2021, after playing 4 games for the club that season.

## Statistics

*Statistics are correct to the end of the 2021 season*.

**Legend**
| G | Goals | K | Kicks | D | Disposals | T | Tackles |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| B | Behinds | H | Handballs | M | Marks |

| Season | Team | No. | Games | Totals | | | | | | | Averages (per game) | | | | | | | Votes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | G | B | K | H | D | M | T | G | B | K | H | D | M | T | |
| 2020 | Western Bulldogs | 18 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 6 | 14 | 3 | 7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 4.0 | 3.0 | 7.0 | 1.5 | 3.5 | 0 |
| 2021 | Western Bulldogs | 18 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 18 | 29 | 2 | 13 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 2.8 | 4.5 | 7.3 | 0.5 | 3.3 | 0 |
| Career | | | 6 | 0 | 0 | 19 | 24 | 43 | 5 | 20 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 3.2 | 4.0 | 7.2 | 0.8 | 3.3 | 0 |

## InfoBox

| Britney Gutknecht | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | Britney Gutknecht | | |
| Date of birth | (2001-04-20) 20 April 2001 | | |
| Original team(s) | Northern Knights (NAB League) | | |
| Draft | No. 48, 2019 national draft | | |
| Debut | Round 4, 2020, Western Bulldogs vs. West Coast, at Leederville Oval | | |
| Height | 167 cm (5 ft 6 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Midfielder | | |
| Club information | | | |
| Current club | Western Bulldogs | | |
| Number | 18 | | |
| Playing career1 | | | |
| Years | **Club** | **Games (Goals)** |
| 2020– | Western Bulldogs | 22 (5) |
| 1 Playing statistics correct to the end of the 2023 season. | | | |
| Source: AustralianFootball.com | | | |


title: Yuha Buttes

abstract: The Yuha Buttes are a group of buttes in the Lower Colorado River Valley, in southern Imperial County, California. The buttes are high points along a pair of en echelon northeast trending ridges in the Yuha Desert 6.5 miles (10.5 km) north of the border about 21 miles (34 km) west of Calexico. The highest point has an elevation of 340 feet (100 m) which is 100 to 250 feet above the surrounding desert. Sunrise Butte lies 3.5 miles south and rises above California State Route 98, the Yuha Cutoff.

text:
# Yuha Buttes

The **Yuha Buttes** are a group of buttes in the Lower Colorado River Valley, in southern Imperial County, California.

The buttes are high points along a pair of en echelon northeast trending ridges in the Yuha Desert 6.5 miles (10.5 km) north of the border about 21 miles (34 km) west of Calexico. The highest point has an elevation of 340 feet (100 m) which is 100 to 250 feet above the surrounding desert. Sunrise Butte (elevation 387 ft.) lies 3.5 miles south and rises above California State Route 98, the Yuha Cutoff.

## InfoBox

| Yuha Buttes | |
| --- | --- |
| Yuha Butteslocation of Yuha Buttes in CaliforniaYuha ButtesYuha Buttes (the United States) | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 93 m (305 ft) |
| Geography | |
| Country | United States |
| State | California |
| District | Imperial County |
| Range coordinates | 32°44′14.217″N 115°51′2.027″W / 32.73728250°N 115.85056306°W / 32.73728250; -115.85056306 |
| Topo map | USGS Yuha Basin |


title: Yuto Nishiuchi

abstract: Yuto Nishiuchi is a Japanese freestyle wrestler who competes at 61 kilograms. He is a two-time U20 World champion and two-time Japan National medalist.

text:
# Yuto Nishiuchi

**Yuto Nishiuchi**  (born 4 October 2003) is a Japanese freestyle wrestler who competes at 61 kilograms. He is a two-time U20 World champion and two-time Japan National medalist.

## Career

Nishiuchi attended Kochi Minami High School in Kōchi Prefecture, where he was a standout in wrestling. In age-group level tournaments, Nishiuchi became a U20 World champion in 2022 and 2023, was a U17 World bronze medalist in 2019 and was also a multiple-time National champion.

In the senior level, Nishiuchi grabbed silver medals from the Grand Prix Zagreb Open and the Japan National Championships in 2023, and a bronze at the latter tournament in 2022. He currently attends the Nippon Sport Science University.

## Freestyle record

## InfoBox

Yuto Nishiuchi
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (2003-10-04) 4 October 2003<br>Kōchi Prefecture, Japan |
| Height | 169 cm (5 ft 7 in) |
| Sport | |
| Country | Japan |
| Sport | Wrestling |
| Weight class | 61 kg (134 lb) |
| Event | Freestyle |
| Club | Kochi Minami High School |
| Medal record      Men's freestyle wrestling   Representing   Japan  Grand Prix   2023 Zagreb  57 kg  Japan Nationals   2023 Tokyo  61 kg  2022 Tokyo  57 kg  U20 World Championships   2023 Jordan  57 kg  2022 Sofia  61 kg  U17 World Championships   2019 Sofia  48 kg | |


title: Needamangalam taluk

abstract: Needamangalam Taluk is a taluk in Thiruvarur district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The headquarters of the taluk is the town of Needamangalam.

text:
# Needamangalam taluk

**Needamangalam Taluk** (**Nidamangalam Taluk**) is a taluk in Thiruvarur district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The headquarters of the taluk is the town of Needamangalam.

## History

The celebrated battle between the armies of Uthiyan Cheral Athan and Chozhan Karikaal VaLavan during the Sangam Age, c.100 CE, was fought at Venni (Sangam poem: Purananuru-66) at the place where main Vennar river branches into three.

## Demographics

According to the 2011 census, the taluk of Needamangalam had a population of 147,451 with 72,695 males and 74,756 females. There were 1028 women for every 1000 men. The taluk had a literacy rate of 74.99. Child population in the age group below 6 was 6,869 males and 6,643 females.

## Geography

Needamangalam Taluk is crossed by the Vennar River in the north and the Korayar river in the south. Near the Bay of Bengal, the Venner River branches into three major distributaries, the northern branch retains its original name, Vennar. Other two branches are the Paminiyaar and the Koraiyar. They flow down to Muthupet Lagoon and from there join the sea.

## Cultural aspects

Needamangalam is notable for the temples located around it, these include: Kasi Viswanathar Temple, Santhana Ramaswamy Temple, Kogamugaeswarer Temple, Mariyamman Temple, Yamunambal Temple, Drowpathi Amman Temple, Iyyappan Temple, Bathrakaliamman Temple & Aangeneya Temple). the town also host a Christian church and a Mosque.

The town of Needamangalam is a main hub for the villagers of the taluk, the majority of whom are farmers. Back in the 1950s - 1970's the town served as a wholesale market for paddy crops, and other crops.

Many people originally from Needamangalam taluk now work in Gulf countries and United States.

## Scenic places

Three kilometres from the town of Needamangalam is a place that is called Munar Thalaippu, this is the picnic spot for the people living in Needamangalam.

## Notable people

1. "Provisional Population Totals - Tamil Nadu-Census 2011" (PDF). Census Tamil Nadu. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 June 2013. Retrieved 4 July 2013.


title: Tripura Merger Agreement

abstract: The Tripura Merger Agreement was the official agreement under which the erstwhile Kingdom of Tripuri joined the state of India.

text:
# Tripura Merger Agreement

The **Tripura Merger Agreement** was the official agreement under which the erstwhile Kingdom of Tripuri joined the state of India.

## Background

The State of Tripura was one of the princely states of India. According to the *Rajmala* ("Chronicles of Kings"), Tripura was ruled continuously by as many as 184 Tripuri kings with sovereign and independent status prior to its merger with the Indian Union in 1949, after the death of the last ruling King, Bir Bikram Kishore Debbarman. His successor, Kirit Bikram Kishore Deb Barman, was thirteen years old at the time of the merger. King Bir Bikram Kishore Debbarman had died in 1947, after which a Council of Regency government formed under the presidency of Queen Kanchan Prava Devi, mother of Kirit Bikram Kishore Deb Barman.

Within a few months after the unnatural demise of the King, Tripura faced a crisis, with internal threats and threats from external forces such as East Pakistan. The Queen came under severe pressure to join the Indian Union. On the advice of the Government of India, she dissolved the Council of Regency and became the Regent on 12 January 1948. More than a year later, on 9 September 1949, she signed the Tripura Merger Agreement with effect from 15 October 1949. Under the agreement Tripura became part of the Indian Union. It was thereafter administered by a Chief Commissioner as a 'C' category state.

## Message by the then Minister of Home Affairs

Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, the then Minister of Home Affairs, offered the following message on the occasion of the Merger of Tripura on 15 October 1949.

> The State of Tripura, with its isolated situation, yet occupying a position of strategic importance of the Eastern Border of India, has an ancient history and rich culture. The partition of the country has, however, brought in its train for this small State a host of problems, which, in the present State of its development, it was impossible for it to solve unaided. The Government of India and Her Highness the Maharani Regent, acting on behalf of the minor Ruler, have come to the conclusion that in the interests of the State and its people, and of the country as a whole, it was essential that the Centre should make itself responsible for its administration of the State and the well being of its people. Tripura thus becomes from today a centrally administered area. I am most grateful to Her Highness for having come to this agreement. Hers was not any easy task in the peculiar circumstance in which she found herself. I am sure that providence will reward her for the courage and boldness with which she has taken this decision. To the people of Tripura, I can only say this: though far (and remote) from the capital city of the country, it will always claim our attention and we shall do our best to ensure that its link and connection with the main land are strengthened and it comes nearer to us. They will not stand alone to battle with the manifold problems that confront them. They will have the resources and the assistance of the Centre on which they can count. With their cooperation and help we hope that we shall deal with their problems efficiently and effectively. May God bless our joint effort with success.