title: Togie Pittinger

abstract: Charles Reno (Togie) Pittinger was an American starting pitcher in Major League Baseball who played for the Boston Beaneaters (1900–1904) and Philadelphia Phillies (1905–1907). Pittinger batted left-handed and threw right-handed. He was born in Greencastle, Pennsylvania. Pittinger was a hard-luck pitcher who played for two of the worst teams in the National League at the turn of the 20th century. In 1901, Pittinger joined the Boston Beaneaters rotation that included Vic Willis, Bill Dinneen and Kid Nichols. He started 33 games, winning 13 with a 3.01 earned run average in 27 complete appearances. The next season, he collected 27 wins, tying with teammate Willis for the second place in the National League behind Jack Chesbro (29). In 1903, he had 18 victories with a 3.48 ERA, but led the NL with 22 losses. His 1904 season was almost the same, as he went 15–21 with a 2.66 ERA. Before the 1905 season, Pittinger was sent by Boston to the Philadelphia Phillies in the same trade that brought Chick Fraser and Harry Wolverton to the Beaneaters. Pittinger finished with 23 wins, second to New York Giants star Christy Mathewson (31) for the NL lead. He also led the Phillies in starts (37), complete games (29), innings pitched (337) and strikeouts (136), while posting a 3.09 ERA. Hampered by shoulder problems, Pittinger averaged 8.5 wins and 115 innings from 1906 to 1907. He did not return for the 1908 season. In an eight-year career, Pittinger posted a 115–113 record with 832 strikeouts and a 3.10 ERA in 2040+2⁄3 innings pitched. Pittinger died in Greencastle, Pennsylvania, two days after his 37th birthday after developing Bright's disease.

text:
# Togie Pittinger

**Charles Reno (Togie) Pittinger** (January 12, 1872 – January 14, 1909) was an American starting pitcher in Major League Baseball who played for the Boston Beaneaters (1900–1904) and Philadelphia Phillies (1905–1907). Pittinger batted left-handed and threw right-handed. He was born in Greencastle, Pennsylvania. Pittinger was a hard-luck pitcher who played for two of the worst teams in the National League at the turn of the 20th century.

In 1901, Pittinger joined the Boston Beaneaters rotation that included Vic Willis, Bill Dinneen and Kid Nichols. He started 33 games, winning 13 with a 3.01 earned run average in 27 complete appearances. The next season, he collected 27 wins, tying with teammate Willis for the second place in the National League behind Jack Chesbro (29). In 1903, he had 18 victories with a 3.48 ERA, but led the NL with 22 losses. His 1904 season was almost the same, as he went 15–21 with a 2.66 ERA.

Before the 1905 season, Pittinger was sent by Boston to the Philadelphia Phillies in the same trade that brought Chick Fraser and Harry Wolverton to the Beaneaters. Pittinger finished with 23 wins, second to New York Giants star Christy Mathewson (31) for the NL lead. He also led the Phillies in starts (37), complete games (29), innings pitched (337) and strikeouts (136), while posting a 3.09 ERA. Hampered by shoulder problems, Pittinger averaged 8.5 wins and 115 innings from 1906 to 1907. He did not return for the 1908 season.

In an eight-year career, Pittinger posted a 115–113 record with 832 strikeouts and a 3.10 ERA in 2040+23 innings pitched.

Pittinger died in Greencastle, Pennsylvania, two days after his 37th birthday after developing Bright's disease.

## InfoBox

| Togie Pittinger | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| **Pitcher** | |
| **Born:** (1872-01-12)January 12, 1872
Greencastle, Pennsylvania, U.S. | |
| **Died:** January 14, 1909(1909-01-14) (aged 37)
Greencastle, Pennsylvania, U.S. | |
| **Batted:** Left**Threw:** Right | |
| MLB debut | |
| April 26, 1900, for the Boston Beaneaters | |
| Last MLB appearance | |
| July 17, 1907, for the Philadelphia Phillies | |
| MLB statistics | |
| Win–loss record | 115–113 |
| Earned run average | 3.10 |
| Strikeouts | 832 |
|  | |
| Teams | |
|  | |


title: Winifred Marion Petrie

abstract: Winifred Marion Petrie was an Australian nurse and hospital proprietor. She opened a private hospital in Canberra in 1936.

text:
# Winifred Marion Petrie

**Winifred Marion Petrie** (21 November 1890 – 6 May 1966) was an Australian nurse and hospital proprietor. She opened a private hospital in Canberra in 1936.

## Life

Petrie was born in the Sydney suburb of Randwick in 1890. Her parents were Marion (born Hescott) and Fitt Charles Petrie and they had both born in Queensland. Her father was a solicitor. She was educated in Sydney at Ravenswood School for Girls. She joined the Australasian Trained Nurses' Association in 1922 after training in Sydney at what was then called the Coast Hospital and it is now Prince Henry Hospital. In 1923 she qualified in obstetrics at the Royal Hospital for Women.

In 1928 she was working as a sister-in-charge at Canberra Hospital when she joined a protest that ended with a matron resigning. Petrie and three of her peers handed in their notice. The resulting enquiry found that the nurses had been treated poorly and the responsible matron left the hospital.

She worked at Auberne Private Hospital, Queanbeyan, in New South Wales. The Lying-in hospital had been opened in 1910 by a nurse Mary Johnston and it was one of several in the street.

In September 1935, she decided to lease a plot of land in Canberra and while she completed further training in mothercraft the builders worked. In 1936 the purpose built 12-bed Allawah Private Hospital opened and the first patients were expected in May. The hospital's design was unusual because there were no difficult corners for wheelchairs to turn. Her experience and the skill of Ken Oliphant had achieved this design which included an operating theatre and separate quarters for the nurses. Within four years the mortgage was paid and the hospital's reputation brought in patients who included the author Dame Alexandra Hasluck, the Prime Minister John Curtin, Prince William of Gloucester and his father the Duke of Gloucester. It was Canberra's only private hospital.

Petrie's health and competition closed the hospital in 1948. She died in the Canberra suburb of Deakin in 1966. The hospital building that she had commissioned is recognised as architecturally important.

## InfoBox

| Winifred Marion Petrie | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 21 November 1890
Randwick, New South Wales |
| Died | 6 May 1966 (aged 75)
Deakin |
| Nationality | Australia |


title: Murex spectabilis

abstract: Murex spectabilis is a species of large predatory sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the rock snails or murex snails.

text:
# Murex spectabilis

***Murex spectabilis*** is a species of large predatory sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the rock snails or murex snails.

## InfoBox

| *Murex spectabilis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Family: | Muricidae |
| Genus: | *Murex* |
| Species: | ***M. spectabilis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Murex spectabilis***<br>Ponder & E. H. Vokes, 1988 | |
|


title: Whitsunday Times

abstract: The Whitsunday Times was a weekly newspaper covering the Whitsunday Shire in North Queensland, Australia. It continues on as digital-only masthead. Its circulation area includes Airlie Beach, Cannonvale, Proserpine, Bowen and surrounding suburbs and islands. It was published every Thursday, and an average of 7,342 copies were distributed, sold or home delivered across the region. It was published by News Corp Australia. It was formerly printed by Mackay Printing and Publishing, part of APN News & Media.

text:
# Whitsunday Times

The ***Whitsunday Times*** was a weekly newspaper covering the Whitsunday Shire in North Queensland, Australia. It continues on as digital-only masthead.

Its circulation area includes Airlie Beach, Cannonvale, Proserpine, Bowen and surrounding suburbs and islands.

It was published every Thursday, and an average of 7,342 copies were distributed, sold or home delivered across the region.

It was published by News Corp Australia. It was formerly printed by Mackay Printing and Publishing, part of APN News & Media.

## History

It was founded in 1981 under the *Airlie and Island News* masthead.

Along with many other regional Australian newspapers owned by NewsCorp, the newspaper ceased print editions in June 2020 and became an online-only publication from 26 June 2020.

## Holdings

## InfoBox

The Whitsunday Times
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Type | Weekly newspaper |
| Format | Tabloid |
| Owner(s) | News Corp Australia |
| Language | English |
| Headquarters | Whitsunday Shire |
| Website | whitsundaytimes.com.au |


title: National White Collar Crime Center

abstract: The National White Collar Crime Center, also known as NW3C, is a congressionally funded non-profit corporation which trains state and local law enforcement agencies to combat emerging economic and cybercrime problems. The NW3C provides the general public with information and research on preventing economic and cybercrime.

text:
# National White Collar Crime Center

The **National White Collar Crime Center**, also known as **NW3C**, is a congressionally funded non-profit corporation which trains state and local law enforcement agencies to combat emerging economic and cybercrime problems. The NW3C provides the general public with information and research on preventing economic and cybercrime.

## Purpose

The National White Collar Crime Center provides training, investigative support, and research to organizations involved in preventing, investigating and prosecuting economic and high-tech crime.

In 2003, The National White Collar Crime Center associated with Janet Schwartz and her organization Forensic Fraud Research, incorporated to carry out investigations and conduct semi-structured interviews with various individuals, including victims, whistleblowers and alleged offenders.

"Dr. Jan Mielke Schwartz traced a fine line between optimism and success on one side and pessimism and failure on the other side. She is considered to be among one of the most theoretically minded, hopeful, and erudite professionals in the fields of Criminology, Forensic Behavioral Science, Intelligence, and Homeland Security."

## Partner agencies


title: Stempfferia piersoni

abstract: Stempfferia piersoni is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in Cameroon.

text:
# Stempfferia piersoni

***Stempfferia piersoni*** is a butterfly in the family Lycaenidae. It is found in Cameroon.

## InfoBox

| *Stempfferia piersoni* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Lycaenidae |
| Genus: | *Stempfferia* |
| Species: | ***S. piersoni*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Stempfferia piersoni***<br>Libert & Bouyer, 1999 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Stempfferia (Cercenia) piersoni* | |


title: Wade Irvine

abstract: Wade Irvine is an Australian cricketer. He played one List A match for Tasmania in 2009/10.

text:
# Wade Irvine

**Wade Irvine** (born 11 December 1986) is an Australian cricketer. He played one List A match for Tasmania in 2009/10.

## InfoBox

Wade Irvine
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1986-12-11) 11 December 1986<br>Canberra, Australia |
| Batting | Right-hand bat |
| Bowling | Right-arm medium, Right-arm offbreak |
| Role | Batsman |
| Domestic team information | |
| Years | Team |
| 2009-2010 | Tasmania |
|  | |
| Source: Cricinfo, 20 March 2016 | |


title: Libor Hájek

abstract: Libor Hájek is a Czech professional ice hockey defenceman who is currently playing for HC Dynamo Pardubice in the Czech Extraliga (ELH). He was selected by the Tampa Bay Lightning, in the second round, 37th overall, in the 2016 NHL Entry Draft.

text:
# Libor Hájek

**Libor Hájek** (born 4 February 1998) is a Czech professional ice hockey defenceman who is currently playing for HC Dynamo Pardubice in the Czech Extraliga (ELH). He was selected by the Tampa Bay Lightning, in the second round, 37th overall, in the 2016 NHL Entry Draft.

## Playing career

Hájek made his Czech Extraliga (ELH) debut playing 17 games with HC Kometa Brno during the 2014–15 Czech Extraliga season. In opting to continue his development in the CHL, Hájek was selected second overall in the 2015 CHL Import Draft by the Saskatoon Blades of the WHL.

At the completion of his second season with the Blades, Hájek was signed to a three-year, entry-level contract with the Tampa Bay Lightning on 21 March 2017. He immediately joined the primary affiliate, the Syracuse Crunch of the AHL on an amateur try-out to play out the remainder of the 2016–17 season.

On 26 February 2018, Hájek was traded to the New York Rangers, along with Vladislav Namestnikov, Brett Howden, and two draft picks, for Ryan McDonagh and J. T. Miller. Hájek recorded his first career NHL assist off a goal by Mika Zibanejad during the 2019–20 season opener against the Winnipeg Jets on 3 October.

On 13 November 2020, Hájek was loaned to HC Kometa Brno of the Czech Extraliga (ELH).

On 7 September 2021, the Rangers re-signed Hájek to a one-year contract. On 12 July 2022, he was signed to a one-year contract extension. He spent most of the 2022–23 season with the Rangers but was assigned to Hartford on 10 February 2023.

Hájek left the Rangers organization after five seasons and was later signed as a free agent to a professional tryout deal with the Pittsburgh Penguins on 30 August 2023. After attending training camp, he was re-assigned to continue his trial with AHL affiliate, the Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins. He was later signed to a one-year AHL contract with Wilkes-Barre to open the 2023–24 season on 17 October 2023.

Hájek was scoreless through 11 regular season appearances with Wilkes-Barre/Scranton before he was mutually released from his contract in order to return to his native Czech Republic and sign a long term five-year contract with HC Dynamo Pardubice of the ELH on 15 December 2023.

## International play

| Medal record | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Representing  Czech Republic | | |
| Ice hockey | | |
| World Championships | | |
|  | 2024 Czech Republic |  |

Hájek represented Czechia at the 2024 IIHF World Championship and won a gold medal.

## Career statistics

### Regular season and playoffs

|  | | |  | Regular season | | | | |  | Playoffs | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Season | Team | League | | GP |  |  | Pts | PIM | | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| 2012–13 | HC Kometa Brno | CZE U18 | | 43 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 57 | | 3 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 2013–14 | HC Kometa Brno | CZE U18 | | 32 | 4 | 14 | 18 | 24 | | 10 | 0 | 7 | 7 | 8 |
| 2013–14 | HC Kometa Brno | CZE U20 | | 13 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 10 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2014–15 | HC Kometa Brno | CZE U18 | | 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2014–15 | HC Kometa Brno | CZE U20 | | 44 | 1 | 9 | 10 | 62 | | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2014–15 | HC Kometa Brno | ELH | | 17 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2015–16 | Saskatoon Blades | WHL | | 69 | 3 | 23 | 26 | 76 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2016–17 | Saskatoon Blades | WHL | | 65 | 4 | 22 | 26 | 81 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2016–17 | Syracuse Crunch | AHL | | 8 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2017–18 | Saskatoon Blades | WHL | | 33 | 8 | 17 | 25 | 26 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2017–18 | Regina Pats | WHL | | 25 | 4 | 10 | 14 | 4 | | 4 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 12 |
| 2018–19 | Hartford Wolf Pack | AHL | | 58 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 36 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2018–19 | New York Rangers | NHL | | 5 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 6 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2019–20 | New York Rangers | NHL | | 28 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 12 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2019–20 | Hartford Wolf Pack | AHL | | 23 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 14 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2020–21 | HC Kometa Brno | ELH | | 10 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 4 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2020–21 | New York Rangers | NHL | | 44 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 10 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2021–22 | Hartford Wolf Pack | AHL | | 5 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 6 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2021–22 | New York Rangers | NHL | | 17 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 8 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2022–23 | Hartford Wolf Pack | AHL | | 24 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 31 | | 5 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| 2022–23 | New York Rangers | NHL | | 16 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2023–24 | Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins | AHL | | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2023–24 | HC Dynamo Pardubice | ELH | | 20 | 4 | 5 | 9 | 12 | | 16 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 10 |
| NHL totals | | | | 110 | 4 | 8 | 12 | 40 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| ELH totals | | | | 47 | 4 | 8 | 12 | 18 | | 23 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 10 |

### International

| Year | Team | Event | Result |  | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2014 | Czech Republic | U17 | 7th | | 5 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
| 2014 | Czech Republic | IH18 |  | | 5 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
| 2015 | Czech Republic | U18 | 6th | | 5 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 4 |
| 2015 | Czech Republic | IH18 | 6th | | 4 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
| 2016 | Czech Republic | U18 | 7th | | 5 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 6 |
| 2018 | Czech Republic | WJC | 4th | | 7 | 1 | 7 | 8 | 6 |
| 2021 | Czech Republic | WC | 7th | | 8 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 |
| 2024 | Czechia | WC |  | | 10 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 6 |
| Junior totals | | | | | 31 | 2 | 12 | 14 | 28 |
| Senior totals | | | | | 18 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 8 |

## InfoBox

| Libor Hájek | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Hájek in 2024 | | | |
| Born | (1998-02-04) 4 February 1998
Smrček, Czech Republic | | |
| Height | 6 ft 2 in (188 cm) | | |
| Weight | 196 lb (89 kg; 14 st 0 lb) | | |
| Position | Defence | | |
| Shoots | Left | | |
| ELH team
Former teams | *HC Dynamo Pardubice*
HC Kometa Brno
New York Rangers | | |
| National team | Czech Republic | | |
| NHL draft | 37th overall, 2016
Tampa Bay Lightning | | |
| Playing career | 2015present | | |


title: Scotts, North Carolina

abstract: Scotts is an unincorporated community in Iredell County, North Carolina, United States. The community is located on North Carolina Highway 90, 8 miles (13 km) west-northwest of Statesville. Scotts has a post office with ZIP code 28699.

text:
# Scotts, North Carolina

**Scotts** is an unincorporated community in Iredell County, North Carolina, United States. The community is located on North Carolina Highway 90, 8 miles (13 km) west-northwest of Statesville. Scotts has a post office with ZIP code 28699.

## InfoBox

| Scotts, North Carolina | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| ScottsScotts | |
| Coordinates: 35°50′34″N 81°00′33″W / 35.84278°N 81.00917°W / 35.84278; -81.00917 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | North Carolina |
| County | Iredell |
| Elevation | 1,020 ft (310 m) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| ZIP code | 28699 |
| Area code | 704 |
| GNIS feature ID | 994432 |


title: Wungong, Western Australia

abstract: Wungong, pronounced is a semi-rural south-eastern suburb of Perth, Western Australia, located midway between Armadale and Byford and located in the local government area of the City of Armadale.

text:
# Wungong, Western Australia

**Wungong** (older spelling **Wongong**), pronounced /wŋɡɒŋ/ is a semi-rural south-eastern suburb of Perth, Western Australia, located midway between Armadale and Byford and located in the local government area of the City of Armadale.

## History

### Colonial period

The first survey in this area was by Alfred Hillman in January 1835. Hillman named the perennial stream that flows through the district the ‘Marshall River’ after Captain Marshall MacDermott who was a prominent figure in the Swan River Colony during its earliest years, but this name did not gain hold.

The earliest documented use of the suburb's name is in J W Gregory's survey of Canning Location 22 dated April 1844 which maps the course of the 'Woongan River' for the first kilometre west of the hills and shows the land selected by G & J Armstrong which they developed into what became known as 'Wongong' farm. The name, Aboriginal in origin, is said to mean "embracing" in the Nyungar language and derives from the manner in which the north and south branches of Wungong Brook clasp the parcel of land that was the centre of the Armstrong's farm. In the early years of the Colony maps identified the watercourse as the 'Woongan' River or Brook (the latter becoming the more prevalent), but within the span of a few decades the most consistent spelling for the farm became 'Wongong' and this variant was also applied to the railway stop established there when the South Western Railway was constructed in late 1892. The railways continued to use this name until 1949. In 1909, a new variant of the name was introduced when the Crown offered land near the railway for sale as lots in the 'Wungong Townsite'; however, this variant did not receive wider use after 1949, when it was applied to the railway stop. The new spelling would have been further reinforced when in 1957 the northern section of Rowley Road was renamed 'Wungong Road'. It has been claimed that the Government's introduction of Wungong (with a 'u') was intended to more clearly distinguish this district from Wongan Hills. But, despite the efforts of the government, many residents clung to the old spelling.

### Wider settlement and consolidation

Until around 1900, settlement in the district was more or less limited to Wongong farm, an adjoining property owned by Claude Marsh, Edward Gibbs's smallholding in the hills named 'Cooliabbera' and Walter Butcher's property at Upper Wongong (situated in wide section of the gorge where the Admiral Road reserve crosses). Nearby settlement included the Saw's property south of Armadale and properties in the Byford (then Beenyup) area.

The South Western Railway was constructed through Wongong in late 1892, and a stop was created at the northern boundary of Wongong farm from where milk was picked up and children from the farm boarded to travel to the school in Armadale. In 1910 the stop was moved to higher ground 600 metres northwards because in frosty conditions it was difficult to get the south-bound train moving uphill. The stop existed until 1969, and comprised a siding (removed 1954), weatherboard shelter, and stock pens. Its removal probably coincided with the creation of a cutting to eliminate the gradient.

In the 1890s, the sale of a vast tract of undeveloped land owned by Samuel Hamersley (also owner, for a time, of Wongong farm) and its subsequent subdivision by an Eastern States speculator named Goss opened up the area with a patchwork of small rural lots averaging some 60 acres (24 ha) apiece. Provision was made for a township, and the Wungong townsite was gazetted on 12 March 1909; although it was not subsequently developed. By this time, many of these properties had been taken up by settlers, a number of whom had migrated from the United Kingdom.

Settlement in the area was particularly concentrated within a radius of 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) of the intersection of Eleventh Road and Wungong Road (Wungong Road being known as 'Rowley Road' at that time), an intersection that came to be known as 'Bodicoat's Corner' after the couple who occupied the cottage on the north side of the intersection. Names of other early families included Cockshott, Hilbert, Sermon, Marsh, Billingham, Whiteley, Cassell, Dutton, Smith, Aitkin, Mills, Baggs, Grafham, Henderson and Wheeler. These settlers formed a community and took the initiative to erect a hall on Eleventh Road, 400 metres (440 yd) north of Bodicoat's Corner (at the intersection with Rowley Road). The land was donated by Dutton. It was vested in the Congregational Union of Australia and formally known as the 'Wongong Congregational Mission Hall'. This hall was the centre of community activities for the next 50 years. In the early 1950s, while for a time disused by the Congregationalists, it was hired by the fledgling Free Reformed Church for their worship services, Bible study evenings and, in 1954, as the venue for the first synod of the Free Reformed Churches of Australia. Over the years, the hall served as a venue for various religious and secular festivities (but not dancing), weddings, a meeting venue for the local Progress Association, a polling place for elections, and even for a short time as an overflow classroom for the Armadale Senior High School. By the early 1960s, the hall had fallen into disuse and in 1963 it was dismantled and relocated to Roleystone. A concrete pad and steps remained on the site until around 2013 when the steps were relocated to the grounds of the newly opened Free Reformed Church of Darling Downs, on the corner of Rowley Road and Masters Road. The site continues to have social significance to many local residents.

### Upper Wongong

During the 1890s, a number of settlers became established in the hills along the valley of the Wongong Brook. The most prominent of these settlers was Walter Butcher who built up a productive farm downstream from the present location of Wungong Dam. Areas cleared for pasture land, introduced trees and some artifacts of Butcher's farm are still extant, as are remnants of a government-built timber bridge where the Admiral Road reservation - which passed through his farmyard - fords the river. The construction of Wungong Dam, which was completed in \[1975-1979\], obliterated a number of small holdings in this 'Upper Wongong' district. Other small holdings were cleared away to create the water catchment area for Wungong Dam.

Building of the Wungong Dam was preceded in 1925 by the construction of a small pipehead dam on the brook, part of the 'Hills Scheme' which was intended to supplement the growing water needs of the Perth metropolitan area by means of constructing three reservoirs and three pipehead dams. The Wungong Brook Pipehead Dam supplied up to 32,000 kilolitres a day, more than either the Churchman Brook Dam or Victoria Reservoir. Soon after the pipehead dam was built, plans were prepared for a larger dam on the site but were put aside when in the 1930s it was decided to build the Canning Dam. Construction of Wungong Dam finally commenced in 1975, and the completed dam was opened in 1979. It has a capacity of 60 million kilolitres and, when full, its storage area covers 30 hectares stretching 5.8 kilometres back from the dam wall. Water from the dam is supplied by means of a steel pipe laid through the Wungong Gorge, although provision for an alternative supply route was made during the 1980s by creation of the Wungong Tunnel which runs underground from just west of Wungong Dam through to Rails Crescent on the western slope of the Darling Scarp.

### 20th century to present

In the early years of the 20th century there were a number of areas near the railway from which gravel was excavated, and some of the diggings are still evident on the south side of the South Western Railway between Moore Street and Eleventh Road. The largest excavation was in the Wungong town reserve, but already by the 1920s this was filled with water and occasionally used by local youths as a swimming hole. In the 1950s, prior to the establishment of the City of Armadale's Hopkinson Road tip, it was used as a rubbish dump. For many years after this use ceased, the reserve was still an informal dumping ground for rubbish. The reserve also contained surviving native flora. Locals recall it also being used as a gathering place for Guy Fawkes fireworks nights in the 1950s, and during the 1980s its network of tracks were being used by a local horse trainer and by youths on motorbikes or in old cars. The former townsite is now fenced, cleared of most rubbish, and designated as the Lambert Lane Nature Reserve.

## Features and attractions

### Fletcher Park

Bushland on the east side of the South Western Railway, opposite the townsite reserve and extending from the former Stone Street reserve to Eleventh Road, is a 19 hectares (47 acres) reserve named Fletcher Park. This reserve has the Cooliabbera Creek running along its north-eastern boundary and is characterized by open forest of marri (*Corymbia calophylla*) and dense shrubbery dominated by grass trees (*Xanthorrhoea preissii* and *Kingia australis*). The Western Australian Christmas tree (*Nuytsia floribunda*) also occurs in this area. From 1980, the 10 acres (4.0 ha) area through which the creek flows has been leased to the Wallangara Riding and Pony Club which has developed an arena, bridle trails, jumps and clubroom facilities on the site.

### Wongong Brook

Wongong Brook has for long been a place of recreation. In the earliest years of motor cars, the brook in the vicinity of the South Western Highway was well known a picnic destination. A number of postcards portraying the brook in its bushland setting were produced at this time. Generations of local children have paddled and swum in the deeper sections of the brook, navigated sections in small boats and home-made canoes, and caught marron and gilgies in its waters.

### Wongong Gorge, Bungendore Park, and Wungong Regional Park

The Wongong Gorge and the hills which form a backdrop to the district have been favoured by bushwalkers, including local residents. A great deal of bushland has been preserved in the hills east of Wongong, a significant area of which is Bungendore Park. The Park's core was a reserve gazetted in 1897 for the purpose of timber harvesting. Not long after, in 1908, the reserve was re-designated as 'parklands'. In 1965 it was vested in the Armadale-Kelmscott Shire Council, and in 1973 was named 'Bungendore Park'. Other areas have subsequently been added to this Park: today it comprises 498 hectares (1,230 acres). It is now regarded as a preserve of bushland of regional importance within the Darling Range Regional Park. The Wongong Gorge is outside of the bounds of Bungendore Park, but together with several other large areas of local bushland it forms the Wungong Regional Park \- a management area created in 2008. As many as 351 plant species and 131 vertebrate fauna species have been identified as potentially occurring in Bungendore Park.

### Armadale Reptile and Wildlife Centre

A private wildlife sanctuary named ‘Armadale Reptile and Wildlife Centre' was opened on the South-Western Highway in Wongong in 1995 by the Gaikhorst family and has the largest public reptile and amphibian display in Western Australia. Other animals on display include dingoes, flying foxes, farm animals marsupials and birds.

## Places of natural and historical interest

* Wongong farm \[homestead (1918), cottage (c.1890), out-buildings, early plantings & cultural landscape (1844), early farm infrastructure, archaeology\]
* South Western Highway \[old coaching road to Bunbury, remnants of bridges over the Wongong and site of an early picnic and camping place on the Wongong Brook\]
* Waterway \[late 20th century model farm and art studio/gallery complex (1965) incorporating land that was at one time known as Westminster orchard (c.1930)\]
* Butcher farm, Upper Wongong \[remnants of homestead and farm infrastructure including waterwheel, remnants of government bridge in Admiral Road reservation, early plantings & cultural landscape (c.1890)\]
* Wungong dam and tunnel \[one of the Perth region's most substantial water reservoirs (1979), site of an early pipehead dam which supplied the metropolitan area, and structures of engineering significance\]
* Bungendore Park and Wongong Gorge \[bushland of high conservation value parts of which have been parkland since 1908, evidence of 19th century gold mining, mid-20th century gravel extraction, and late 20th century granite quarrying\]
* Cooliabbera \[stone ruins (c.1870), early plantings, archaeological site; a place that has associations with the artist May Gibbs\]
* Ley's house \[stone house (c.1910) on the brow of the 'middle hill', overlooking Wongong\]
* McCarthy's bare patch \[a large clearing on western slope of the Mt Richon subdivision which until the 1990s was a landmark visible from Kings Park but which is now gradually disappearing due to the establishment of suburban gardens\]
* Richon Vineyards \[archaeological remains of cellars (c.1905-1988), remnant infrastructure (dams, drystone walls, culvert)\]
* Deadman's Gully \[natural feature associated with legend of coaching accident\]
* Railway reserve including the Wongong station site, railway (1892), Fletcher Park, and Lambert Lane Nature Reserve: bushland of high conservation value, archaeological remains of gravel extraction (c.1910-1920\], other archaeological remains\]
* Bodicoat's corner \[intersection of Wungong and Eleventh Roads, the genius loci of the small holdings west of the railway line and place of residence for the district midwife, 'Granny Bodicoat' (c.1910-c.1933)\]
* Wongong Congregational Mission Hall \[site of the hall that was the focal point of the district (1913-1963)\]
* Marsh's house \[brick bungalow (c.1890) which is the oldest continually occupied dwelling in Wongong west of the railway\]
* Wongong Brook west of Rowley Road \[parklands which include deep sections of the waterway that were mapped in the 1840s, and a popular swimming hole of the mid-20th century\]

## Present day character

Wongong comprises three geographically distinct areas, the planning and development of which are markedly different in character. These areas comprise:

* the hills; including 'Upper Wungong' comprising regenerated bushland and semi-rural subdivisions.
* the corridor between the South Western Highway and the South Western Railway, south of Stone Street and north of Eleventh Road.
* the flats or plain west of the South Western Railway, bounded by Wungong Road and Rowley Road to the north, the land either side of Wungong Brook to the west, and Keenan Street to the south, where hobby farms predominate.

Historically, the flats west of the railway have, other than 'Wongong' farm, been an area of rural smallholdings. Some of these smallholdings survive in reduced form as blocks of up to 10 acres. However, from the late 1980s this area is progressively being transformed into suburbs of the Perth metropolitan area. The oldest of this suburban development is located immediately south of Gwynne Park (which for a long time defined the south-west limit of Armadale township), obliterating the old properties of 'Chinnor', 'Chiltern' and 'Trefoil Noir', as well as a few other smallholdings. The suburb in this area takes the name of Brookdale. When, in the 1990s, the Evelyn Gribble Community Centre was built, it was the only new development on the south-western side of Ninth Road. Suburban development is now infilling areas west of the Evelyn Gribble Centre and the planning of this suburban expansion is being managed by the Metropolitan Redevelopment Authority. Longer established community facilities and businesses in this area include the factory and retail outlet of Rose Valley Cheese Company (1977) on Wungong Road, the Seventh Day Adventist Church and School (c.1980, now known as Australian Christian College - Darling Downs) on Ninth Road near the corner of Wungong Road, and the retirement villas (c.1990) on Rowley Road west of Masters Road.

## Transport

### Bus

Media related to Wungong, Western Australia at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Wungong
Perth, Western Australia | |
| --- | --- |
| View over Wongong Farm, from the railway, prior to subdivision. (1994) | |
|  | |
| Coordinates | 32°10′55″S 116°00′43″E / 32.182°S 116.012°E / -32.182; 116.012 |
| Population | 370 (SAL 2021) |
| Postcode(s) | 6112 |
| Area | 4.3 km2 (1.7 sq mi) |
| Location |  |
| LGA(s) | City of Armadale |
| State electorate(s) | Armadale |
| Federal division(s) | Burt
Canning |
| **Suburbs around Wungong:**  Brookdale Armadale Mount Richon  Hilbert Wungong Bedfordale  Darling Downs Byford Bedfordale | |


title: Tohid Tunnel

abstract:
Tohid Tunnel is a tunnel in Tehran, Iran, the third longest urban tunnel in the Middle East. Towheed Tunnel Project is an urban underground structure, located within the area of Chamran Highway, Towheed Square, Jomhouri Square, and Navab Highway, with a length of about 3 km. Tohid Tunnel broke construction records when it was opened in less than 30 months.
The interior designs met the highest safety requirements.
It includes installation of utilities equipment in the Tunnel, and manufacture and mobilization of north and south fans combined ventilation equipment, and control building and Niyayesh shaft.

text:
# Tohid Tunnel

**Tohid (or Towheed) Tunnel** is a tunnel in Tehran, Iran, the third longest urban tunnel in the Middle East. Towheed Tunnel Project is an urban underground structure, located within the area of Chamran Highway, Towheed Square, Jomhouri Square, and Navab Highway, with a length of about 3 km (Tunnel + entry ramps). Tohid Tunnel broke construction records when it was opened in less than 30 months. The interior designs met the highest safety requirements. It includes installation of utilities equipment in the Tunnel, and manufacture and mobilization of north and south fans combined ventilation equipment, and control building and Niyayesh shaft.

## Towheed Tunnel Construction Project

The construction site of this Project was located within the distance between Fatemi Ave. in the north of Towheed Square, and Navab Highway in the south of Azerbaijan street junction.

Subsequent to studied on the Comprehensive Plan of Tehran, in order to make an easy access from the north to the south of Tehran and vice versa, along the north-south corridor, between Chamran Highway constructed during the 70s, and Navab Highway constructed during the 90s, sufficient studies were made by Tehran Municipality in 1998 so that the connection of the said two Highways, i.e. to fill the gap between Towheed Square to Jomhouri Square becomes practicable and operational.

The significance of the above issue, the congested traffic on Tehran highways, and the intense exigency of Tehran as a metropolitan city to have the above Highways connected, made Tehran Municipality to launch exhaustive studies to tackle such purpose, and by comparing the existing alternatives, the best alternative which was construction of a tunnel similar to Tehran Ressalat Short Tunnel, was adopted and approved.

To this end, in early 2007, a Contractor (Perlite) was assigned to construct the Project, and on 11.06.2007 the contract to kick off the Project was signed and notified to the Contractor, whereby on 19.06.2007 the construction works of Towheed Tunnel Project were actually commenced.

## Ventilation

70 jet fans, each powered at 30 KW. North fan combined ventilation equipment: 3 axial fans, powered at 600 KW. Niyayesh fan combined ventilation equipment: 2 axial fans (to let in fresh air into Tunnel) powered at 410 KW. 4 axial fans (to let out exhaust air from Tunnel) powered at 500 KW. South portal fan combined ventilation equipment: 3 axial fans powered at 990 KW. Air washing system at the air entering Niyayesh fans.

## Electrical

Total number of lights in the Tunnel: 1,064 lights powered at 550 KW. Length of cables for the utilities: 220 km. Special and standby power generators (in case of a power cut in Tehran Power Grid, the lighting system of the Tunnel fed by these generators will be automatically switched on and the power will be compensated). Smart firefighting system. Traffic alarms. Intercom telephones. Closed-Circuit TV. Vehicles counter. Road closing system. Traffic signs. Thermal sensors. Air pollution sensors and other facilities.

## Tunnel Drainage System

Towheed drainage system operates by various channels. The surface water accumulated around and the Tunnel will be drained into the canals installed along the Tunnel wall, and will enter into a channel which is installed exactly in the middle of both twin tunnels. The drained water will be conveyed through the latter channel to the south part of the Tunnel, and it will be carried away from the Tunnel by some kanats.

## General Specifications

* Client: Engineering and Construction Division of Tehran Municipality
* Project Manager: Operational Management of Engineering Structures Co. (Maram)
* EPC Contractor: Perlite Company, assigned with the above task in respect of its precedent successful quality achievement in the construction Tehran Ressalat Tunnel Project.
* Excavation: 720,000 m3
* Length of Piling: 26,000 m
* Formwork: 56,000 m3
* Rebar: 28,000 tons
* Strengthened Structure and Framing: 15,000 tons
* Concrete Placement: 230,000 m3
* Shotcrete: 450,000 m3
* Mesh: 250,000 m3
* Concrete Precast Segments: 60,000 m3

## Tohid Tunnel Local street (Tohid Street) connections

| From North to South | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Chamran Expressway | | |
|  | Fatemi Street |
|  | Baqer Khan Street |
| **Tehran BRT Line Bagher Khan Station** | | |
|  | Sattar Khan Street
Nosrat Street |
|  | Azadi Street |
| **Tehran BRT Line Azadi Station** | | |
| **Tohid Metro Station** | | |
| **Tehran BRT Line Jomhuri Square Station** | | |
|
Jomhuri Square | Jomhuri Street |
|  | Azarbaijan Street |
| **Navvab Metro Station** | | |
|  | Dampezeshki Street |
| Navvab Expressway | | |
| From South to North | | |

35°41′34″N 51°22′44″E / 35.69278°N 51.37889°E / 35.69278; 51.37889


title: Windsor (soil)

abstract: The Windsor is the unofficial state soil of the U.S. state of Connecticut, although it exists as part of the geological make up of landmasses across the globe, including in the UK.

text:
# Windsor (soil)

The **Windsor** is the unofficial state soil of the U.S. state of Connecticut, although it exists as part of the geological make up of landmasses across the globe, including in the UK.

## Profile

Windsor soils are well suited to the highly diversified agriculture of Connecticut; they are the preferred soils for the production of Connecticut shade tobacco. Windsor soils are important for fruit and vegetable crops, silage corn, and ornamental shrubs and trees. They are also well suited for commercial and residential development, as well as a source for construction material. These soils cover 34,000 acres (140 km2) in Connecticut.

The Windsor series consists of very deep, excessively drained, rapidly permeable soils formed in glacial meltwater sediments. Some areas formed in sand dunes swept by winds from the Connecticut River Valley as ancient glacial Lake Hitchcock receded. The largest landscapes of Windsor soils are in the northern Connecticut River Valley, but the soils are mapped throughout the state. Slopes range from 0 to 15 percent. Windsor soils overlay sand and gravel groundwater aquifers. Droughtiness is the main limitation for crops, lawns, and landscaping. During dry months, irrigation is necessary for optimal production. There is a hazard of ground water pollution due to the rapid permeability of these soils.

* The content of this article is drawn in part from this Connecticut state soil page, which is a product of the US Federal Government and is thus in the public domain.


title: Windows Media Services

abstract: Windows Media Services (WMS) is streaming media server software that allows a Windows Server administrator to generate streaming media (audio/video). Only Windows Media, JPEG, and MP3 formats are supported. WMS is the successor of NetShow Services. In addition to streaming, WMS also has the ability to cache and record streams, enforce authentication, impose various connection limits, restrict access, use multiple protocols, generate usage statistics, and apply forward error correction (FEC). It can also handle a high number of concurrent connections making it suitable for content providers. Streams can also be distributed between servers as part of a distribution network where each server ultimately feeds a different network/audience. Both unicast and multicast streams are supported Typically, Windows Media Player is used to decode and watch/listen to the streams, but other players are also capable of playing unencrypted Windows Media content 64-bit versions of Windows Media Services are also available for increased scalability. The Scalable Networking Pack for Windows Server 2003 adds support for network acceleration and hardware-based offloading, which boosts Windows Media server performance. The newest version, Windows Media Services 2008, for Windows Server 2008, includes a built-in WMS Cache/Proxy plug-in which can be used to configure a Windows Media server either as a cache/proxy server or as a reverse proxy server so that it can provide caching and proxy support to other Windows Media servers. Microsoft claims that these offloading technologies nearly double the scalability, making Windows Media Services, according to the claim, the industry's most powerful streaming media server. Windows Media Services 2008 is no longer included with the setup files for the Windows Server 2008 operating system, but is available as a free download. It is also not supported on Windows Server 2012, having been replaced with IIS Media Services.

text:
# Windows Media Services

**Windows Media Services** (**WMS**) is streaming media server software that allows a Windows Server administrator to generate streaming media (audio/video). Only Windows Media, JPEG, and MP3 formats are supported. WMS is the successor of **NetShow Services**.

In addition to streaming, WMS also has the ability to cache and record streams, enforce authentication, impose various connection limits, restrict access, use multiple protocols, generate usage statistics, and apply forward error correction (FEC). It can also handle a high number of concurrent connections making it suitable for content providers. Streams can also be distributed between servers as part of a distribution network where each server ultimately feeds a different network/audience. Both unicast and multicast streams are supported (multicast streams also use a proprietary and partially encrypted Windows Media Station (\*.nsc) file for use by a player.) Typically, Windows Media Player is used to decode and watch/listen to the streams, but other players are also capable of playing unencrypted Windows Media content (Microsoft Silverlight, VLC, MPlayer, etc.)

64-bit versions of Windows Media Services are also available for increased scalability. The Scalable Networking Pack for Windows Server 2003 adds support for network acceleration and hardware-based offloading, which boosts Windows Media server performance. The newest version, Windows Media Services 2008, for Windows Server 2008, includes a built-in WMS Cache/Proxy plug-in which can be used to configure a Windows Media server either as a cache/proxy server or as a reverse proxy server so that it can provide caching and proxy support to other Windows Media servers. Microsoft claims that these offloading technologies nearly double the scalability, making Windows Media Services, according to the claim, the industry's most powerful streaming media server.

Windows Media Services 2008 is no longer included with the setup files for the Windows Server 2008 operating system, but is available as a free download. It is also not supported on Windows Server 2012, having been replaced with IIS Media Services.

## Releases

* NetShow Server 3.0 (Windows NT 4.0)
* NetShow Services 4.0 (Windows NT 4.0 SP3 or later)
* Windows Media Services 4.1 (Included in Windows 2000 Server family and downloadable for previous Windows versions)
* Windows Media Services 9 Series (Included in Windows Server 2003, works with IIS 6)
* Windows Media Services 2008 (Downloadable for Windows Server 2008, works with IIS 7)

1. "Microsoft Netshow Server". Archived from the original on 2012-09-10. Retrieved 2009-01-04.
2. "Windows Media Services 2008". *Microsoft*. Archived from the original on 2007-10-11. Retrieved 2007-09-25.
3. "Windows Media Services". *Microsoft*. Archived from the original on 2007-10-01. Retrieved 2007-09-25.
4. "Windows Media Services for Windows Server 2008". *Microsoft Download Center*. Archived from the original on 3 September 2016. Retrieved 26 April 2018.
5. "Windows Media Services not supported on Windows Server 2012". Archived from the original on 2013-05-15. Retrieved 2013-05-30.
6. "Overview of online broadcasting with NetShow in Microsoft PowerPoint 2000". Archived from the original on 2009-01-12. Retrieved 2009-01-04.
7. "Using NetShow Services with Presentation Broadcasting - Office 2000 Resource Kit - Microsoft Office Online". Archived from the original on 2009-01-13. Retrieved 2009-01-04.
8. "Windows - Official Site for Microsoft Windows 10 Home, S & Pro OS, laptops, PCs, tablets & more". *www.microsoft.com*. Archived from the original on 20 September 2008. Retrieved 26 April 2018.


title: Wim van Eer

abstract: Willem Frederik "Wim" van Eer was a Surinamese diplomat and educator. He served as Minister Plenipotentiary of Suriname from 1 April 1974 until the Independence of Suriname on 25 November 1975. Subsequently, he was appointed first Ambassador of Suriname to the Netherlands and served until 20 May 1980.

text:
# Wim van Eer

**Willem Frederik "Wim" van Eer** (19 December 1927 – 2 July 2011) was a Surinamese diplomat and educator. He served as Minister Plenipotentiary of Suriname from 1 April 1974 until the Independence of Suriname on 25 November 1975. Subsequently, he was appointed first Ambassador of Suriname to the Netherlands and served until 20 May 1980.

## Biography

Van Eer was born on 19 December 1927 in Paramaribo. He studied pedagogy at the Nuts Academy in Rotterdam, and subsequently at the University of Utrecht. Van Eer was one of the founders of the Surinamese in Rotterdam Foundation. In 1964, he returned to Suriname and became the principal of the *kweekschool* (normal school) in Paramaribo. He became a member of the National Party of Suriname.

Henck Arron appointed van Eer as Minister Plenipotentiary of Suriname on 1 April 1974. He played an important role in the negotiations for Independence of Suriname. On 25 November 1975, his function became obsolete, and he was appointed as first Ambassador of Suriname to the Netherlands.

On 25 February 1980, Desi Bouterse committed a coup d'état On 11 March, van Eer returned to Suriname to negotiate with the new regime. He was honourably discharged effective 20 May 1980, and reassigned to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. On 24 December, Hans Prade was appointed as his successor.

Van Eer died on 2 July 2011 in Paramaribo, at the age of 83.

## Honours

## InfoBox

| Wim van Eer | |
| --- | --- |
| Wim van Eer (1974) | |
|  | |
| Ambassador of Suriname to the Netherlands | |
| **In office**
25 November 1975  20 May 1980 | |
| Preceded by | *position established* |
| Succeeded by | Hans Prade |
| Minister Plenipotentiary of Suriname | |
| **In office**
1 April 1974  25 November 1975 | |
| Preceded by | Desi Polanen |
| Succeeded by | *position abolished* |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Willem Frederik van Eer
(1927-12-19)19 December 1927
Paramaribo, Surinam |
| Died | 2 July 2011(2011-07-02) (aged 83)
Paramaribo, Suriname |
| Nationality | Suriname |
| Political party | National Party of Suriname |
| Occupation | diplomat, educator |
|  | |


title: Wim van Norden

abstract: Wim van Norden was a Dutch journalist. He was one of the founders of the resistance paper Het Parool during World War II. He was jailed for six months by the Germans in 1942 but was later released due to lack of evidence for his involvement with Het Parool. Van Norden was active in the resistance for the remainder of the war. After the war he became director of the newspaper and although he originally planned to serve for only several months he kept his function until 1979. Van Norden was responsible for the founding of the publishing company Perscombinatie in which three newspapers worked together.

text:
# Wim van Norden

**Wim van Norden** (13 June 1917 – 29 May 2015) was a Dutch journalist. He was one of the founders of the resistance paper *Het Parool* during World War II. He was jailed for six months by the Germans in 1942 but was later released due to lack of evidence for his involvement with *Het Parool*. Van Norden was active in the resistance for the remainder of the war. After the war he became director of the newspaper and although he originally planned to serve for only several months he kept his function until 1979. Van Norden was responsible for the founding of the publishing company Perscombinatie in which three newspapers worked together.

## Biography

### Early life

Van Norden was born on 13 June 1917 in Bussum in an artistic, politically leftist family. His parents were teetotallers and vegetarians who were inclined to send all of their children to university. At home the family discussed politics, society, Adolf Hitler and the rise of fascism. Van Norden went to study economics at the Netherlands School of Commerce, precursor to the current Erasmus University in Rotterdam. Van Norden became member of a group of friends which included Max Nord, Simon Carmiggelt and his wife Tiny.

### World War II

When the Netherlands was occupied in World War II by Germany in May 1940 Van Norden and his group of friends decided on resisting the occupation forces. He, Nord, Carmiggelt and their families all lived in the Reguliersgracht in Amsterdam. In autumn 1940 he became involved in spreading the illegal *Nieuwsbrief* (English: Newsletter) of Pieter 't Hart, the war pseudonym of Frans Goedhart. In 1941 he became contributing editor to the newsletter after being invited by Goedhart. Van Norden also worked on the duplicator which produced the stencils on which the newsletter was made.

During the war the *Nieuwsbrief* became *Het Parool*. Even though Van Norden had several war pseudonyms and identity papers he was arrested with most of the editorial staff of the newspaper in late 1942. He was locked up for six months in the Oranjehotel jail in Scheveningen. The Germans could not prove his involvement with *Het Parool* and Van Norden was eventually released.

In the summer of 1944 Van Norden was looking for a jurist to help with the Foundation 1940–1944, which after the war would was to set up pensions for the relatives of dead resistance members. Johan van Lom was recommended to Van Norden and the latter introduced him to the resistance. Van Lom later betrayed the resistance, but was subsequently captured by them and ordered to drink poison. Van Lom refused and was shot dead. Van Norden was informed of Van Lom's death the next week while he was in hiding. In 2013 Van Norden still supported the resistance's decision.

On his involvement with the illegal newspaper Van Norden later said: "It was natural to help. It grows on you. I've never made a decision to join the resistance". The war made a deep impression on Van Norden, with fifty people contributing to *Het Parool* not surviving the hostilities.

### Work at *Het Parool* after World War II

After the war ended the editorial staff of *Het Parool* decided to continue as a daily newspaper. The newspaper was founded with some savings from employees and a bank guarantee which was never used. In later years this would lead Van Norden to state: "We started *Het Parool* with 1,000 guilder, as long that isn't gone there are no problems". Van Norden at age 27 was asked by his associates to become the temporary director of the newspaper, as he had studied economics. He reluctantly agreed as he wanted to finish his studies in Rotterdam. Van Norden did not want to head a newspaper and intended on being in function for only several months.

Under Van Norden the decision was made to become an independent daily newspaper rather than a political party related newspaper. Shortly after the end of the war Koos Vorrink, a Social Democratic Workers' Party politician visited the editorial staff proposing to merge *Het Parool* and *Het Vrije Volk* into one socialist newspaper. Van Norden disagreed completely.

Van Norden traveled around the world and became convinced that small, independent, and the political and religiously based newspapers would disappear. He was convinced that economies of scale and pluriformity would allow for newspapers to survive. In 1968 Van Norden became one of the ground layers of the Perscombinatie, a publishing company consisting of *Het Parool* and *De Volkskrant*, later joined by *Trouw*. Van Norden imagined the publishing company as a way to maintain the independent newspapers. He served as director of the Perscombinatie and as chair of the Nederlandse Dagblad Pers for several years.

Relations between the newspapers of the Perscombinatie became troubled, even more after financial troubles hit the company. In 1979 he stepped back as direct of *Het Parool* and as chair of the Perscombinatie and became member of the board of commissioners of the Perscombinatie and secretary of the Parool Foundation. The Parool Foundation was the main shareholder of the Perscombinatie and the *De Volkskrant* was disgruntled with this. Van Norden solved the issue by having foundations of the three newspapers each appoint members to a management company that governed the Perscombinatie. In 1988 Van Norden stepped down as member of the board of commissioners. Van Norden stayed involved in journalism with editorial staff of *Het Parool* asking him for advice.

Van Norden voluntarily declined any profits the newspaper made.

### Personal life

After World War II Van Norden lived his whole life in the Reguliersgracht Amsterdam, in the same house where he worked for *Het Parool* during the war. He was married and has a son and daughter.

Van Norden died on 29 May 2015, aged 97. At the time of his death he was the last remaining founding member of *Het Parool*.

Van Norden has received media coverage. In 1997 journalist Gerard Mulder wrote the book *Wim van Norden, portret van een courantier*, an unauthorised biography commemorating Van Norden's 80th birthday. Van Norden was also featured in two television shows, first in the biographical program *Profiel* in 2008. He also featured in the television show *Na de Bevrijding* in 2014.

## InfoBox

| Wim van Norden | |
| --- | --- |
| Van Norden at the age of 95. | |
| Born | 13 June 1917
Bussum, Netherlands |
| Died | 29 May 2015(2015-05-29) (aged 97)
Amsterdam, Netherlands |
| Occupation | Journalist |
| Nationality | Dutch |


title: Wingecarribee Shire

abstract: Wingecarribee Shire is the local government area of the Southern Highlands in the state of New South Wales, Australia. The Wingecarribee Shire is around 110 kilometres (70 mi) southwest of Sydney and is part of regional Capital Country and to some extent can be considered part of the Southern Tablelands. Wingecarribee Shire covers an area of 2,700 square kilometres (1,000 sq mi) that is typically referred to as the Southern Highlands. Wingecarribee Shire is an important catchment area for water supply to Sydney, Wollongong and the Northern Shoalhaven. The Council seat and Chambers is in Moss Vale. However, the centre of commerce of the Shire is in Bowral. The Shire came into existence on 1 January 1981 as an amalgamation of the three previous local government areas that made up the Southern Highlands; Mittagong Shire Council, Bowral Municipality Council and the former Wingecarribee Shire. In 2012, the Wingecarribee Shire Council won a landmark class action against Lehman Brothers Australia in the Federal Court after it was found that Lehman Brothers failed to give sound financial advice to the Wingecarribee Shire and other councils through exposure to high-risk investments known as collateralised debt obligations. Wingecarribee Council suffered A$1.5 million of losses on its investments. The Federal Court found that the council was entitled to an initial award of A$9 million. In 2016 Council announced they had recovered $9.5 million of the $11 million in total losses, recovering 85.6% of all losses. Council's total legal costs of $724,894 were also recovered. Before the council was suspended in 2021 and an administrator was appointed, the mayor of Wingecarribee Shire was Cr. Duncan Gair. On 20 May 2021, Lisa Miscamble was appointed General Manager.

text:
# Wingecarribee Shire

**Wingecarribee Shire** is the local government area of the Southern Highlands in the state of New South Wales, Australia. The Wingecarribee Shire is around 110 kilometres (70 mi) southwest of Sydney and is part of regional Capital Country and to some extent can be considered part of the Southern Tablelands.

Wingecarribee Shire covers an area of 2,700 square kilometres (1,000 sq mi) that is typically referred to as the *Southern Highlands*. Wingecarribee Shire is an important catchment area for water supply to Sydney, Wollongong and the Northern Shoalhaven.

The Council seat and Chambers is in Moss Vale. However, the centre of commerce of the Shire is in Bowral.

The Shire came into existence on 1 January 1981 as an amalgamation of the three previous local government areas that made up the Southern Highlands; Mittagong Shire Council (previously Nattai Shire Council), Bowral Municipality Council and the former Wingecarribee Shire (based in Moss Vale).

In 2012, the Wingecarribee Shire Council won a landmark class action against Lehman Brothers Australia in the Federal Court after it was found that Lehman Brothers failed to give sound financial advice to the Wingecarribee Shire and other councils through exposure to high-risk investments known as collateralised debt obligations. Wingecarribee Council suffered A$1.5 million of losses on its investments. The Federal Court found that the council was entitled to an initial award of A$9 million. In 2016 Council announced they had recovered $9.5 million of the $11 million in total losses, recovering 85.6% of all losses. Council's total legal costs of $724,894 were also recovered.

Before the council was suspended in 2021 and an administrator was appointed, the mayor of Wingecarribee Shire was Cr. Duncan Gair. On 20 May 2021, Lisa Miscamble was appointed General Manager.

## Major towns and villages

The major towns in the Shire are Mittagong, Bowral, Moss Vale, Robertson and Bundanoon.

Villages include: Alpine, Aylmerton, Avoca, Balaclava, Balmoral Village, Belanglo, Berrima, Braemar, Bullio, Burradoo, Burrawang, Canyonleigh, Colo Vale, East Kangaloon, Exeter, Fitzroy Falls, Glenquarry, High Range, Hill Top, Joadja, Kangaloon, Manchester Square, Mandemar, Medway, Meryla, Mount Murray, New Berrima, Paddys River, Penrose, Renwick, Wattle Ridge, Welby, Werai, Wildes Meadow, Willow Vale, Wingello, Woodlands and Yerrinbool.

## Etymology

The current shire retains the name of the former Wingecarribee Shire because the Wingecarribee River is one of the most significant geographical features that is found in all the three previous local government areas that made up the Highlands prior to amalgamation.

The word *Wingecarribee* is from the Dharawal language (an Indigenous Australian language) which loosely translates into *"a flight of birds"*, or *"waters to rest beside"*. Moreover, the term "Wingecarribee" was used as the name of the area by the first settlers of the area, the Oxley Family (*See, History of Bowral*) and Governor Macquarie in 1816 recorded it as "Winge Karribee". In 1838, the contemporary spelling was adapted by Surveyor Mitchell.

## Geology and geography

The Shire is crossed by the Hume Highway and the Southern Highlands railway line.

The pattern of development is one of small towns and villages. The eastern parts of the Shire are bounded by the Illawarra escarpment and Morton National Park, with some remnant rainforest and heathland. The north of the Shire is characterised by rugged eucalypt bushland, with gullies, gorges and sandy soils. This area forms part of the catchment for Sydney's water supply and two major storage dams (Avon and Nepean Dams) are in this area. The dams cannot be accessed by any roads within the Wingecarribee Shire but by roads leading off south-east of the Wollondilly Shire. The Wollondilly and Wingecarribee Rivers flow through the west of the Shire, through deep sandstone valleys and much of this area forms part of the catchment for Warragamba Dam. The south of the Shire is bounded by Uringalla Creek and is a sandstone plateaux dissected by deep gorges.

Wingecarribee Swamp is home to the remaining population of the endangered Giant dragonfly and Wingecarribee Leek Orchid.

## Demographics

### Population

At the 2016 census, the Wingecarribee Shire had an estimated population of 47,882 and has grown from 40,636 at the 2001 census, a growth rate 1.1% per annum.

The population density is 17.8 person/km2. The Shire is relatively homogenous with an Australian-born population making up 77.1% of the population. Indigenous Australians make up 2.0% of the population. 88.4% of the population speak English at home.

### Workforce

The Shire's workforce is at a current estimate of 18,919 residents, around 40% of Shire's entire population. The Shire's workforce are 14.7% managers, 19.3% professionals, 16.2% technicians and trades workers, 9.2% community and personal service workers, 12.5% clerical and administrative workers, 9.5% sales workers, 6.3 machinery operators and drivers, and 10.7% labourers. At the 2006 census, the average median income for the workforce of the Shire was $43,052. The workforce are primarily employed in four main industries: 16% in retail trading, 12% in manufacturing, 11% in health and community services, and 9% in construction. The workforce predominately works within the Shire, with 77% of the workforce working within the Shire. Moreover, 3% travel to nearby Wollongong for employment and 20% work in Sydney. Educationally, 40% of residents of the Shire are qualified with post High School certification in which 11% hold a University Degree and 28% qualified with a Diploma or Certificate.

At the 2006 census the Shire had an unemployment rate of 4.3%.

### Housing and residential

Separate and detached housing make up the majority of the housing in the Shire at 90.7%. The rest is semi-detached/townhouse at 5.9% and apartments and units at 1.8%.

## Council

### Composition and election method

Wingecarribee Shire is composed of nine councillors elected proportionally. All councillors are elected for a fixed four-year term of office. The mayor is elected by the councillors at the first meeting of the council. The most recent election was held on 10 September 2016. The council was suspended by the Minister for Local Government and gazetted on 12 March 2021 at 12:35pm.

The composition of the council prior to it being suspended by the Minister for Local Government on 12 March 2021 was as follows:

| Party | | Councillors |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Independents | 7 |
|  | Labor | 1 |
|  | **Total** | **8** |

The council elected in 2016 and suspended in 2021, in order of election, was:

| Councillor | | Party | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Duncan Gair | Independent | Mayor |
|  | Graham McLaughlin | Labor |  |
|  | Grahame Andrews | Independent | Deputy Mayor |
|  | Larry Whipper | Independent |  |
|  | Garry Turland | Independent | **Resigned 12 March 2021** |
|  | Ken Halstead | Independent | **Resigned 9 March 2021** |
|  | Ian Scandrett | Independent |  |
|  | Peter Nelson | Independent |  |
|  | *Gordon Markwart* | *Greens* | **Resigned 4 August 2020** |

### Past mayors

In 1981, the first shire president was David Wood and the shire clerk was Harold Jopling.

* Duncan Gair
* Gordon Lewis 2004
* Dr Sara Murray 2012
* Philip Yeo
* Juliet Arkwright

## Election results

### 2024

2024 New South Wales local elections: Wingecarribee
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Fresh Vision Youthfully Driven | 1. Jesse Fitzpatrick (elected 1)
2. Erin Foley (elected 3)
3. Therese Duffy (elected 4)
4. James Farrell (elected 9)
5. Sharon Fitzpatrick
6. Andrew Buttfield
7. Mark Hughes
8. Andrew Phillips | 13,421 | 41.1 | +41.1 |
|  | Representing Our Community | 1. Rachel Russell (elected 2)
2. David Rapley
3. Joshua Sloss
4. Antony Dubber
5. Shardae Ewart
6. Ryan Elphick
7. James Salter
8. Glen Jenkins
9. Jillian Cockram | 4,217 | 12.9 | +12.9 |
|  | Greens | 1. Heather Champion (elected 5)
2. Erin Levee
3. Yash Mash
4. Claire Hall
5. Clive West
6. Maree Byrne
7. Gregory Olsen
8. Jenny Webster
9. Sarah Cains | 2,675 | 8.2 | -1.5 |
|  | Labor | 1. David Kent (elected 6)
2. Penny Newlove
3. Dean Cowgill
4. Jeffrey Lapidos
5. Linda Mclaughlin | 2,625 | 8.0 | -8.2 |
|  | Let's Get It Right | 1. Nicole Smith (elected 8)
2. Bronwyn Tregenza
3. Thomas Farquhar
4. Samuel Jones
5. Alison Courts
6. Kristie Phelan | 2,319 | 7.1 | +7.1 |
|  | Wingecarribee First | 1. Sara Moylan (elected 7)
2. Sabrina Venish
3. Ian Bollen
4. Stephen Wentworth (Ind. Nat)
5. Hamilton Becher
6. Valentine Tyson (Ind. Nat) | 2,307 | 7.1 | +7.1 |
|  | Duncan Gair Team | 1. Duncan Gair
2. Donna Jensen
3. Gordon Lewis
4. Peter Nelson
5. David Reid
6. Douglas Webb | 2,048 | 6.3 | -12.6 |
|  | Libertarian | 1. Raymond Khoury
2. Robert Thomas
3. Alan Stockman
4. Andrew Brough
5. James Brough | 2,033 | 6.3 | +6.3 |
|  | Independent Liberal | 1. Juliet Arkwright
2. Julia McKay
3. Sam Zilinskas
4. Ken Street
5. Colin Maslen
6. Amanda Lynch | 966 | 3.0 | +3.0 |
| Total formal votes | | | 32,611 | 93.9 |  |
| Informal votes | | | 2,107 | 6.1 |  |
| Turnout | | | 34,718 | 86.4 |  |

## Local media

Weekly paid local newspapers, *Southern Highland News* and *Southern Highlands Express*. Local online publication The Bowral News. Commercial radio station 2ST 102.9. Community radio station Highland FM 107.1.

## Local attractions

## InfoBox

| Wingecarribee Shire
New South Wales | |
| --- | --- |
| Location in New South Wales | |
| Coordinates | 34°28′S 150°25′E / 34.467°S 150.417°E / -34.467; 150.417 |
| Population |  |
| • Density | 17.807/km2 (46.119/sq mi) |
| Established | 1 January 1981 (1981-01-01) |
| Area | 2,689 km2 (1,038.2 sq mi) |
| Administrator | Viv May |
| Council seat | Moss Vale |
| Region | Southern Highlands, Capital Country |
| State electorate(s) |  |
| Federal division(s) |  |
|  | |
| Website | Wingecarribee Shire |
| **LGAs around Wingecarribee Shire:**  Upper Lachlan Wollondilly Wollongong  Goulburn Wingecarribee Shire Shellharbour  Goulburn Shoalhaven Kiama
Shoalhaven | |


title: Winston Flowers

abstract: Winston Flowers is a third-generation, family-owned and -operated floral retailer. Based in Boston, Massachusetts, the company has four Massachusetts retail shops—Boston, Massachusetts; Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts; and Wellesley, Massachusetts—and one in Greenwich, Connecticut. The company's design studios in Boston's South End and Long Island City, New York offer daily delivery to Greater Boston, New York City, Fairfield County, and Westchester County, with the capacity to fulfill orders across the continental US through a network of partners.

text:
# Winston Flowers

**Winston Flowers** is a third-generation, family-owned and -operated floral retailer. Based in Boston, Massachusetts, the company has four Massachusetts retail shops—Boston, Massachusetts; Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts; and Wellesley, Massachusetts—and one in Greenwich, Connecticut. The company's design studios in Boston's South End and Long Island City, New York offer daily delivery to Greater Boston, New York City, Fairfield County, and Westchester County, with the capacity to fulfill orders across the continental US through a network of partners.

## History

The company was started in 1944 by Robert Winston and his teenage son, Maynard, as a floral pushcart in front of Boston, Massachusetts' original Ritz-Carlton hotel at the corner of Arlington Street and Newbury Street. They opened the first Winston Flowers retail location at 131 Newbury Street in the late 1950s, where it still operates. The Winston family lived in the apartment directly above the store.

Maynard Winston took over the business in 1970 after his father's death and is widely credited with expanding and evolving the company. Beginning in the early 1970s, Maynard built partnerships with local farmers and global growers to source his offerings. Many of these relationships were exclusive for decades, and some remain in place today. In 1975, he opened a shop on Boylston Street focusing on green plants. A location within the Chestnut Hill Mall followed in the early 1980s.

Maynard's sons, David and Ted Winston, assumed leadership of the company in 1988 following his death, making them the third generation of Winstons at the helm.

In 1990, computers were introduced in the workplace to streamline the company’s operations, and an 8,000-square-foot building on Malden Street in Boston’s South End was purchased to house the design, delivery, and client services teams.

After outgrowing that space, Winston Flowers acquired a 75,000-square-foot industrial building on the South End's Southampton Street in stages between 1992-93 to serve as the company's headquarters.

New retail locations in Boston, Massachusetts; Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts; Wellesley, Massachusetts; Hingham, Massachusetts; Concord, Massachusetts, and Greenwich, Connecticut were opened between 2000-2012. The company's philanthropic program, Charity in Bloom, launched in 2012.

In 2018, David and Ted Winston announced the opening of a flagship design studio in Long Island City, New York, in addition to the acquisition of Manhattan florist Surroundings. The 12,000-square-foot studio houses the floral company's New York design and delivery teams to provide same-day service to clients in the Manhattan area. The new studio further expanded the company's delivery reach beyond Greater Boston, as well as Fairfield County and Westchester County, while delivery continues to be offered nationwide through the company's network of partner florists. This expansion was followed by the 2019 acquisition of high-end New York florist L'Olivier.

## Product sourcing

The company works with local growers whenever possible, with 50-70% of its floral product in late summer and early fall sourced from New England and New York vendors. The majority of herbs are sourced locally in Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, and New York.

Some local farms grow flowers exclusively for Winston Flowers each year, which generally means that flowers were likely in the ground two days prior to clients receiving them as part of their arrangements.

Some of the company's more exclusive flowers such as Italian sweet pea, anthurium, and lady slipper orchids are imported from the Netherlands, Italy, France, and Ecuador, beginning with Dutch tulips in the early 1970s under Maynard's stewardship.

Winston Flowers' blooms are selected based on their aesthetic qualities, longevity, freshness, and color. Flowers are then transported to Winston Flowers via commercial airlines to preserve fuel and reduce emissions. The majority of products imported overseas comes through New York's John F. Kennedy International airport.

## Retail locations

The company has four Massachusetts retail shops—Boston, Massachusetts; Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts; and Wellesley, Massachusetts—and one in Greenwich, Connecticut.

The retail shop on Boston's Boylston Street closed in 2008, and locations in Hingham, Massachusetts; Concord, Massachusetts, and Federal Street in Boston, Massachusetts were shuttered in spring 2020.

## Services

David and Ted Winston further developed the company's offerings by creating a series of floral gift collections. Winston Flowers' floral gift collections change nine times per year and are tied to seasons and occasions, including winter, Valentine's Day, spring, Mother's Day, late spring, summer, late summer, autumn, and holiday. Additional collections include the Luxe Collection, Plant Collection, Gourmet Collection, as well as weekly or monthly subscriptions. All floral designs are arranged in vessels and containers imported from all over the globe.

Permanent collections include Sympathy, Roses, and Baby Baskets.

Mother's Day is the busiest floral holiday of the year for Winston Flowers, followed by Valentine's Day.

Other services include corporate, residential, holiday décor, and wedding and special events.

## Philanthropy

In 2010, Winston Flowers launched a philanthropic platform called Charity in Bloom. Each month, 20% of the purchase price of a custom-designed floral arrangement is donated to a different non-profit organization. The initiative launched with Boston, Massachusetts-based Perkins School for the Blind as its first partner organization. Other recipients include the Breast Cancer Research Foundation (national); Greater Boston Food Bank (Boston) and City Harvest (New York); and Boys & Girls Clubs (Boston) and Madison Square Boys & Girls Clubs (New York) and all share a common focus on health and wellness, medical research, and/or mentorship.


title: Witt, Kentucky

abstract: Witt is an unincorporated community located in Estill County, Kentucky, United States. Its post office is closed.

text:
# Witt, Kentucky

**Witt** is an unincorporated community located in Estill County, Kentucky, United States. Its post office is closed.

## InfoBox

| Witt, Kentucky | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| WittLocation within the state of KentuckyWittWitt (the United States) | |
| Coordinates: 37°40′23″N 84°1′36″W / 37.67306°N 84.02667°W / 37.67306; -84.02667 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Kentucky |
| County | Estill |
| Elevation | 669 ft (204 m) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| GNIS feature ID | 509393 |


title: Winston Groovy

abstract: Winston Tucker, better known as Winston Groovy, is a Jamaican reggae singer best known for his recordings between the late 1960s and 1980s.

text:
# Winston Groovy

**Winston Tucker** (born 1946), better known as **Winston Groovy**, is a Jamaican reggae singer best known for his recordings between the late 1960s and 1980s.

## Biography

Tucker was born in the Waltham Park Road area of Kingston, Jamaica in 1946. His first recording session was for producer and sound system operator King Edwards, which resulted in "She's Mine"; It was never released but was played exclusively on Edwards' sound system. Tucker relocated to Birmingham, England in 1961 to join his father. He joined The Ebonites while still at school and toured with the band. He moved to London in 1969 and began working with producer Laurel Aitken, adopting the stage name Winston Groovy. He had minor hits with "Yellow Bird" and "Standing on the Corner" and had his first big hit with the Lee "Scratch" Perry-produced "I Wanna Be Loved". With Aitken, he recorded a reggae version of Rufus Thomas' "Funky Chicken". Further 1970s singles included a cover version of Dr. Hook's "Sylvia's Mother", "Oh My My", "I've Got a Nose for Trouble", and "Please Don't Make Me Cry", recorded in 1970 for Eddy Grant's Torpedo label.

He continued to record in the 1980s and his career was given a boost in 1983 when UB40 recorded a version of "Please Don't Make Me Cry" for their *Labour of Love* album, which was also a top 10 single for the band. This led Trojan Records to reissue the original. Groovy had a minor hit in 1985 with a reggae version of The Commodores' "Nightshift", reaching number 83 in the UK.

In 1990, he set up the W.G. Records label, and released his self-produced albums *Talking Love*, *Please Don't Make Me Cry* and *Coming on Strong*.

In 2000, Groovy performed as a guest on UB40's *Labour of Love III* tour at the Brixton Academy and Wembley Arena, and he recorded the UB40 song "Don't Slow Down" for the 2002 album *UB40 Present the Fathers of Reggae*.

## Discography

### Albums

* *Presenting Winston Groovy* (1974), Trojan
* *The Groovy Collection* (1978), Trojan
* *African Girl* (1984), Blue Moon
* *Free the People (Groovin' with Winston Groovy)* (1984), Pama
* *Talking Love* (199?), W.G.
* *Please Don't Make Me Cry* (199?), W.G.
* *Coming on Strong* (199?), W.G.
* *Come Rock Me* (1995), W.G./Jet Star
* *The Best of Winston Groovy* (1998), Rhino
* *The Best of Vol. 2*
* *Step by Step* (2002), W.G./Jet Star
* *Please Don't Make Me Cry - The Anthology* (2004), Trojan
* *Back in Time With Mr. Groovy*

### Singles

* "Lover Come Back" (1969), Grape - B-side of King Horror's "The Hole"
* "Leaving Me Standing" (1969), Grape
* "Merry Xmas" (1969), Grape
* "Funky Chicken" (1969), Jackpot
* "Funny" (1969), Jackpot
* "Island in the Sun" (1969), Nu-Beat
* "Josephine" (1969), Nu-Beat
* "You Can't Turn Your Back on Me" (1970), Attack
* "I Like the Way" (1970), Crab
* "Standing on the Corner" (1970), Nu-Beat
* "Yellow Bird" (1970), Nu-Beat
* "Here Is My Heart" (1970), Nu-Beat
* "Groovin'" (1970), Nu-Beat
* "Tennessee Waltz" (1970), Nu-Beat
* "Please Don't Make Me Cry" (1970), Torpedo
* "I Wanna Be Loved" (1971), Bullet
* "I've Got to Find a Way to Win Mary Back" (1971), Crab
* "Don't Break My Heart" (1971), Pama
* "Free the People" (1971), Pama Supreme
* "What You Gonna Do" (1972), Pama Supreme
* "Sylvia's Mother" (1972), Pama Supreme
* "Get Back Together" (197?), Bullet
* "Heaven Help Us" (197?), Pama
* "News for My Baby" (197?), Horse
* "Your Cheating Heart" (197?), Horse
* "Oh My My" (1974), Trojan
* "I've Got a Nose for Trouble"
* "No One Day Love" (1977), Trojan
* "I'm Going Back" (1977), B&C
* "I Really Love You" (1978), Greenway
* "We Shall Overcome" (1978), Lover's Rock
* "Hello Robin Redbreast" (1979), Laser
* "Something on the Side" (1981), DJM
* "Adam & Eve" (1982), PRT
* "Don't Blame Me" (198?), Time
* "Paradise in Your Eyes" (198?)
* "So in Love With You" (198?)
* "Nightshift" (1985), Jive - UK #83
* "Rock Me Tonight" (1985), Jive
* "Blanket on the Ground" (1986), A1
* *Equal Justice Equal Rights* EP (199?), W.G. - four songs dedicated to Stephen Lawrence
* "Missing You" (199?), W.G.
* "All Because of You", EMI
* "Laugh and Grow Fat", Trojan
* "My Love Will Never Fade"
* "South of the Border"
* "To Give Your Lovin'"
* "You Made It Look Easy"
* "Please Don't Make Me Cry" (????), Sound City - Winston Groovy & Bankie

## InfoBox

| Winston Groovy | |
| --- | --- |
| Birth name | Winston Tucker |
| Born | 1946<br>Kingston, Jamaica |
| Genres | Reggae |
| Years active | 1960spresent |
| Labels | Pama, Trojan, Jive, W.G. |
|  | |
| Website | http://www.winstongroovy.com/ |


title: Witches (Marvel Comics)

abstract: Witches is a supernatural comic book limited series that was published by Marvel Comics in 2004. Plotted by Bronwyn Carlton, with scripts by Brian Walsh, it featured art by Mike Deodato and Will Conrad.

text:
# Witches (Marvel Comics)

***Witches*** is a supernatural comic book limited series that was published by Marvel Comics in 2004. Plotted by Bronwyn Carlton, with scripts by Brian Walsh, it featured art by Mike Deodato and Will Conrad.

## Publication history

Marvel Comics originally green-lit this storyline in late 2000 and released promotional art for the series in 2001 at both Comic-Con International (*Marvel: 2001 Official Convention Preview Book*, pages 18–19) and various comic book based websites. According to those original website advertisements, Marvel had planned on releasing the series (then titled *The Way of the Witches*) during the last week of September 2001. Marvel Comics had planned to capitalize on the female-based television shows and movies that were popular at the time such as *Charmed*, *Buffy the Vampire Slayer*, and *Charlie's Angels* with a comic book title of their own. The three characters decided upon were mostly unused magical female characters in their universe: Jennifer Kale from the *Man-Thing* comic, Topaz from the *Werewolf by Night* comic, and Satana, the Devil's Daughter, from several of Marvel's horror comics, primarily *Son of Satan*, *The Haunt of Horror* and *Vampire Tales*. They were to be led by the most recognizable Marvel comic-book sorcerer, Doctor Strange, with him acting as the *Charlie's Angels*-esque director. Aside from the main characters, other supernatural characters that were to have appeared in the series (according to artist Mike Deodato) included: Werewolf by Night, Man-Thing, Ghost Rider, Lilith the Daughter of Dracula, Lilith the Mother of All Demons, Moon Knight, Blade, and Daimon Hellstrom.

With Bronwyn Carlton as writer and Mike Deodato as artist, Marvel announced that the project would be a regular monthly release comic book once it was on their schedule. Several drafts of the story were made and Mike Deodato himself confirmed that three issues worth of art were submitted to bosses, with Marvel making changes to both with each entry. After a period the title was completely revamped and became a slated mini-series project. Additional scripts and art were submitted but Marvel eventually put the title on hold for three years. As such Carlton and Deodato were forced to move on to other projects.

One of the projects Mike Deodato worked on was the very successful run of *The Incredible Hulk*. Satisfied with his work, Marvel advanced Mike to continue his work on *The Amazing Spider-Man*. Wishing to market this transfer, Marvel hired Brian Walsh to pick up on writing the Witches title. With Mike Deodato busy on another title though, Marvel hired artist Will Conrad to salvage as much of Mike's previous work as possible and fill-in the blanks with his own.

## Plot summary

A descendant from a powerful magical family, Andy Kale is tricked into opening a book of magic and thus letting loose a terrible evil. Sensing what happens, Doctor Strange recruits three powerful witches: Andy's sister Jennifer Kale, Satana, and Topaz. He tells them they are to stop the evil monster before it destroys the world's mystics and then the world itself. Though the girls don't exactly see eye-to-eye due to their varied personalities, they agree to help.

## Characters

* **Jennifer Kale**: A descendant of a large magic family, Jennifer is a powerful sorceress. Her family are keepers of the *Tome of Zhered-na*, which is one of the most powerful Book of Shadows in existence. It is the creation of a divine and evil spirit who shared all their knowledge with a Kale family member who wrote down their words and passed the magic down throughout the years. Various gods were angered at their secrets being given to mortals, so they bound a demon called a Hellphyr in the book for protection. Born and raised in the Florida swamplands, Jennifer became a trusted ally to the Man-Thing, who helped her on various adventures. Currently studying at a college in San Francisco, California, Jennifer continues learning various aspects of magic in her spare time in order to become a high level Mage.
* **Satana Hellstrom**: The daughter of the high-level demon Marduk Kurios and a mortal woman, Satana is a high-ranking sorceress and succubus, stealing the souls of others to strengthen her life-force. While her brother Daimon Hellstrom rejected his dark legacy, Satana embraced hers and was raised by her father in Hell, becoming his prized pupil in the dark arts. As she grew older a rift formed between her and her father and she was banished to the mortal realm without his aid. She died while helping Doctor Strange when he was infected with The Curse of the Wolf, but was resurrected by him later in order to provide the "Demonic" element of the Witch trio.
* **Topaz**: As a young girl Topaz never knew her true origins or heritage. Living as an orphan in India, Topaz developed empathy and magical abilities at an early age. She was adopted and raised by the sorcerer Taboo, who proved to be overly demanding of Topaz and her gifts. Through him she came to know Jack Russell, better known as Werewolf by Night. The two formed an on-again off-again relationship over various adventures together. Later the demon Mephisto kidnapped Topaz to Hell, telling her that she would grow to be powerful enough to destroy him on her 21st birthday. Remaining his prisoner for a time, she was eventually freed by Franklin Richards and Doctor Strange. She continued to study magic under the Sisters of Glastonbury Tor in Britain, but later became the owner of the *Voodoo Lounge*, a bar catering to those in the occult in Greenwich Village, Manhattan. She then decided to immerse herself in the mystic arts and training, becoming Doctor Strange's protégée. In doing so she caused her once Caucasian/blonde features to revert to those of an Indian woman.

## Story ramifications

* Satana is resurrected from the dead (again, *see below*).
* A new coven is formed between Jennifer Kale, Satana and Topaz.
* Doctor Strange still seeks to own the Tome of Zhered-na, but the coven continues to stop him.
* Doctor Strange stops his magical training of Topaz.
* Illusion, Andy Kale and the Hellphyr are killed.
* Satana's father Marduk Kurios seeks to destroy all mystics save himself.

## Collected editions

The series has been collected into a trade paperback:

### Interviews

## InfoBox

| *Witches* | |
| --- | --- |
| Cover of *Witches* , trade paperback collected edition, art by Mike Deodato | |
| Publication information | |
| Publisher | Marvel Comics |
| Schedule | Fortnightly |
| Format | Limited series |
| Publication date | August – September 2004 |
| No. of issues | 4 |
| Main character(s) | Jennifer Kale
Satana Hellstrom
Topaz |
| Creative team | |
| Created by | Bronwyn Carlton |
| Written by | Brian Walsh |
| Artist(s) | Mike Deodato (#1-2)
Will Conrad (#3-4) |
| Letterer(s) | Dave Sharpe |
| Colorist(s) | Cream Animation (#1)
Mike Kelleher (#2-4) |
| Editor(s) | Axel Alonso
John Miesegaes |
| Collected editions | |
| *Witches* | ISBN 0-7851-1508-0 |


title: Wiśniowo Ełckie

abstract: Wiśniowo Ełckie is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Prostki, within Ełk County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) north-east of Prostki, 14 km (9 mi) south-east of Ełk, and 134 km (83 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn. It is located in the historic region of Masuria.

text:
# Wiśniowo Ełckie

**Wiśniowo Ełckie** \[viɕˈɲɔvɔ ˈɛu̯t͡skʲɛ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Prostki, within Ełk County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) north-east of Prostki, 14 km (9 mi) south-east of Ełk, and 134 km (83 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn. It is located in the historic region of Masuria.

## History

The origins of the village date back to 1486, when Gotard Korbowski was granted 66 włókas of land to establish a village. As of 1600, the population was solely Polish.

Under Nazi Germany, the village was renamed *Kölmersdorf* to erase traces of Polish origin, and was the location of two labour camps of the Reich Labour Service. Following World War II, in 1945, the village became again part of Poland, and its historic Polish name was restored with the addition of the adjective *Ełckie* after the nearby county seat of Ełk to distinguish it from other villages of the same name.

## InfoBox

| Wiśniowo Ełckie | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
|  | |
| Wiśniowo Ełckie | |
| Coordinates: 53°45′20″N 22°31′35″E / 53.75556°N 22.52639°E / 53.75556; 22.52639 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Warmian-Masurian |
| County | Ełk |
| Gmina | Prostki |
| Founded | 1486 |
| Population | 890 |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Vehicle registration | NEL |


title: Winter in Tokyo

abstract: Winter in Tokyo is a 2016 Indonesian romance film directed by Fajar Bustomi and adapted from one of four season tetralogy novels by Ilana Tan. Shooting location is on Japan. The film was released on 11 August 2016.

text:
# Winter in Tokyo

***Winter in Tokyo*** is a 2016 Indonesian romance film directed by Fajar Bustomi and adapted from one of four season tetralogy novels by Ilana Tan. Shooting location is on Japan. The film was released on 11 August 2016.

## Cast

* Pamela Bowie as Ishida Keiko
* Dion Wiyoko as Nishimura Kazuto
* Kimberly Ryder as Yuri
* Morgan Oey as Kitano Akira
* Ferry Salim as Shinzo
* Brandon Nicholas Salim as Tomoyuki
* Brigitta Cynthia as Haruka

## InfoBox

| Winter in Tokyo | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Fajar Bustomi |
| Written by | Ilana Tan |
| Produced by | Yoen K |
| Starring | Pamela Bowie
Dion Wiyoko
Kimberly Ryder
Morgan Oey
Brandon Nicholas Salim
Ferry Salim
Brigitta Cynthia |
| Release date | * 11 August 2016 (2016-08-11) |
| Running time | 103 minutes |
| Country | Indonesia |
| Language | Indonesian |


title: Wirth Munroe

abstract: Wirth Middleton Munroe was a North American yacht designer and son of Ralph Middleton Munroe. Munroe was born at the Barnacle, now the Barnacle Historic State Park. In 1933 he married Mary Kimball Poore of Coral Gables and they had two children. He was Commodore of the Biscayne Bay Yacht Club 1946–1947, a member of the North American Yacht Racing Union (NAYRU) 1936–1966, and the Cruising Club of America as well as Vice-Commodore of the Miami Proa Club. He was a member of the Board of Directors of the Historical Association of Southern Florida (HASF) 1943–1966, and served as President of HASF in 1945.

text:
# Wirth Munroe

**Wirth Middleton Munroe** (November 29, 1902 – October 21, 1968) was a North American yacht designer and son of Ralph Middleton Munroe.

Munroe was born at the Barnacle, now the Barnacle Historic State Park. In 1933 he married Mary Kimball Poore of Coral Gables and they had two children (William Middleton Munroe and Charles Poore Munroe). He was Commodore of the Biscayne Bay Yacht Club 1946–1947, a member of the North American Yacht Racing Union (NAYRU) 1936–1966, and the Cruising Club of America as well as Vice-Commodore of the Miami Proa Club. He was a member of the Board of Directors of the Historical Association of Southern Florida (HASF) 1943–1966, and served as President of HASF in 1945.

## Boat Designing

Wirth Munroe began designing boats at an early age. Some of his designs, for example the Sea Sailer class were put into mass production. Below is a list of some of the many boats he designed with the earliest known boat name and earliest known owner indicated.

## Production boats

## Sea Sailer 30' Boats

| Boat Name | Alternative Name/s | Official Number | Earliest Known Owner | Builder/s | Where Built | Launch Date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Beadacious | Blue Moon |  |  | Robin Fung | Hong Kong, B.C.C. |  |
| Blue Moon |  |  |  | Robin Fung | Hong Kong, B.C.C. |  |
| Encore |  |  |  | Robin Fung | Hong Kong, B.C.C. |  |
| Fortune Cookie | Puffin Three, B.C.C. |  |  | Robin Fung | Hong Kong, B.C.C. |  |
| KYP | KIP, North Star |  |  | Robin Fung | Hong Kong, B.C.C. |  |

## OffShore 30 Boats

| Boat Name | Alternative Name/s | Official Number | Earliest Known Owner | Builder/s | Where Built | Launch Date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Maroa |  | 202 | Joseph Racicot | Robin Fung | Hong Kong, B.C.C | 1964 |
| Vellela |  |  | Wirth M. Munroe | Robin Fung | Hong Kong, B.C.C. | 1964 |

## Other Boats Designed by Wirth Munroe

| Boat Name | Alternative Name/s) | Official Number | Earliest Known Owner | Builder/s | Where Built | Launch | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Baloo | Bravo (1973) | 508466 | R.B. Bobo | Arco, Inc. | Miami | 1959 | 33' |
| Blue Stream III | Decision III (1960), Aquarius |  | Dr. John T.MacDonald, M.Jack Rinehart, Sr. | Richard Richard | Miami | 1948 | 39'11" |
| Bonnie Doon |  |  | Blanche ME Whitlock | Glassco, Inc. | Miami | 1960 | 33'1" |
| Cheeta |  | 295309 | Robery P Brake | Dooley Glander | Perrine, FL | 1964 | 33' |
| Chere |  | 128158 | Peter C. Keenan & Richard Walters | Crystalliner S.E. Corp | Miami Beach | 1959 | 33- |
| Comanche |  |  | Jack Price | Warren Bailey | Miami | 1956 | 39'6" |
| Daisy |  |  |  |  |  |  | 30' |
| Delphinus |  | 505797 | Rear Admiral Robert J. Archer | Robin Fung, Ltd. | Hong Kong, B.C.C. | 1966 | 29'10" |
| Gaviota |  |  |  | Consolidated |  |  | 65' |
| Gaviota II | My Destiny (1960), Mogu |  | John William Shillain | Symonette Shipyard | Nassau, Bahamas | 1939 | 59' |
| Island Belle | Virginia Bell, Rebel | 242440 |  | Gingras Boat Works | Cocoa, FL | 1942 | 60' |
| Jesting |  |  |  | Glass Marine Ind. Inc. | Costa Mesa, CA | 1964 | 33'1" |
| Ketch A Rainbow | Mary B., Rainbow (1973) |  | Carlos A. Capriles | Miami S.B. Corp. | Miami | 1957 | 46' |
| Laughing Gull |  |  | Samuel A. Gayley | Wirth M. Munroe | Miami | 1933 | 27'6" |
| Patience |  |  | Scott Rosen |  |  |  |  |
| Pirouette |  |  | Ralph Ryder, McKenna(?) of Philadelphia |  |  |  |  |
| Romany |  | 276271 | Andrew J. Lavoie | Miami S.B. Corp. | Miami | 1958 | 46' |
| Sanctuary |  |  |  |  |  | 1966 |  |
| Sea Itch | Fantail, Holiday |  | Richardson | Columbia |  |  | 33'1" |
| Sprite |  |  | H.M.Sinclair | Wirth Munroe |  | 1959 | 27'6" |
| Starlight |  | 281400 | Robert E. Russell | Glassco, Inc | Miami | 1960 | 33'1" |
| Surprise |  |  | Gene Steffens | Bast Boat Builders | Okinawa | 1960 |  |
| Tabasco |  |  | John W. Nixon | Glassco, Inc. | Miami Beach | 1959 |
| Tern |  |  | Benjamin W. Guy, II | Glassco, Inc. | Miami | 1960 | 33'1" |
| The Golden Fleece |  |  | Douglas & Martha Sager | Glassco, Inc. | Miami | 1960 | 33'1" |
| Tobi |  |  | Wirth Munroe and Townsend Ludington | Wirth Munroe | Coconut Grove, FL | 1937 | 25' |
| Tonga |  |  | Errol Flynn |  |  |  | 75' |
| Tranquility | Southwind (1973) |  | Carleton H. Endemann | Robin Fung Ltd. | Hong Kong, B.C.C. | 1969 | 29'10" |
| Traveler |  |  | Arthur W. Crimmins | Arthur W. Crimmins | Miami | 1950 | 29'11" |
| Tropical Disturbance |  |  |  | Wirth Munroe, Walter Croft, Sr. & Robert Lewis |  |  |  |
| Vincere |  |  | J. Afred Grow, Jr. | Arthur W. Crimmins |  | 1959 | 33'1" |
| Un-Named |  |  | Carrington Gramling (Attorney) |  |  |  |  |

The Barnacle Historic State Park

Data in charts is derived from *Lloyd's Register of American Yachts*. All other data is derived from interviews with his children, and his father's biography, *The Commodore's Story.*