title: Pablo López (singer)

abstract: Pablo José López Jiménez is a Spanish singer. He sings mostly melodic pop and pop rock songs. He also plays piano and guitar. He is signed to Universal Music Group. He started his musical career in the pop band Niño Raro with reggae, Latin and rock influences. It was formed in 2007 and made up of Pablo López and his friends Juanjo Martín and Antonio Carlos Miñan. Rap was added with Félix Sánchez joining, and finally electric, acoustic elements with Cuban musician Yohany Suárez. The band released the album Trentaytrés but was soon dissolved. In 2008, López became more famous after taking part in 2008 in Operación Triunfo the Spanish version of Star Academy and finishing as runner-up. His debut single was "Vi" taken from his debut album Once historias y un piano. The album was certified gold in Spain. The follow-up album El Mundo y los Amantes Inocentes in 2015 became a bigger hit and certified double platinum. His vocals were featured in the soundtrack of the Spanish TV series El Príncipe and the title track "El Mundo" peaked at number 12 on the Productores de Música de España official singles chart. López was nominated for Best Contemporary Pop Vocal Album at the 17th Latin Grammy Awards for El Mundo y los Amantes Inocentes. López has been a coach on La Voz, La Voz Kids, & La Voz Senior. He is the only Spanish coach that has won all three versions of the show.

text:
# Pablo López (singer)

**Pablo José López Jiménez** (Spanish pronunciation: \[ˈpaβlo xoˈse ˈlopeθ xiˈmeneθ\]; born in Málaga on 11 March 1984) is a Spanish singer. He sings mostly melodic pop and pop rock songs. He also plays piano and guitar. He is signed to Universal Music Group.

He started his musical career in the pop band Niño Raro with reggae, Latin and rock influences. It was formed in 2007 and made up of Pablo López and his friends Juanjo Martín and Antonio Carlos Miñan. Rap was added with Félix Sánchez joining, and finally electric, acoustic elements with Cuban musician Yohany Suárez. The band released the album *Trentaytrés* but was soon dissolved.

In 2008, López became more famous after taking part in 2008 in *Operación Triunfo* the Spanish version of *Star Academy* and finishing as runner-up.

His debut single was "Vi" taken from his debut album *Once historias y un piano*. The album was certified gold in Spain. The follow-up album *El Mundo y los Amantes Inocentes* in 2015 became a bigger hit and certified double platinum. His vocals were featured in the soundtrack of the Spanish TV series *El Príncipe* and the title track "El Mundo" peaked at number 12 on the Productores de Música de España official singles chart. López was nominated for Best Contemporary Pop Vocal Album at the 17th Latin Grammy Awards for *El Mundo y los Amantes Inocentes*.

López has been a coach on *La Voz*, *La Voz Kids*, & *La Voz Senior*. He is the only Spanish coach that has won all three versions of the show.

## Discography

### Albums

**Studio**

| Year | Album | Peak positions | Certification |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | SPN
 | |
| 2013 | *Once Historias y un Piano* | 4 | Gold |
| 2015 | *El Mundo y los Amantes Inocentes* | 2 | Double platinum |
| 2017 | *Camino, fuego y libertad* | 2
 | Gold |

**Live**

| Year | Album | Peak positions |
| --- | --- | --- |
| | | SPN
 |
| 2019 | *Tour Santa Libertad* | 1
 |

**Others**

* 2014: *Once Historias y un Piano. Edición Especial*

### Singles

| Year | Title | Peak positions | Album |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | SPN
 | |
| 2013 | "Vi" | 23 | *Once Historias y un Piano* |
| 2014 | "Te Espero Aquí"
(featuring Georgina) | 29 | |
| | "El Mejor Momento" | 1 |  |
| 2015 | "Tu Enemigo"
(featuring Juanes) | 6 | *El Mundo y los Amantes Inocentes* |
| 2016 | "Hijos del Verbo Amar" | 61 | TBA |
| | "Ven" | 44 | |
| 2017 | "El patio" | 14
 | |
| 2018 | "No!"
(with Miriam Rodriguez) | 38
 | |
| 2019 | "Mama No" | 95
 | |

**Others**

* 2013: "Dónde"
* 2014: "Suplicando"
* 2016: "Lo Saben Mis Zapatos"

**Soundtracks**

| Year | Title | Peak positions | Album |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | SPN
 | |
| 2015 | "El Mundo"
(from *El Príncipe* TV series) | 1 | *El Mundo y los Amantes Inocentes* |

## InfoBox

| Pablo López | |
| --- | --- |
| López in 2023 | |
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Pablo José López Jiménez |
| Born | (1984-03-11) 11 March 1984
Málaga, Spain |
| Occupation | Singer |


title: North–South All-Star Classic

abstract: The North–South All-Star Classic was a postseason college football all-star game, the only edition of which took place in 2007. The game was played in Houston at the Galena Park ISD Stadium and telecast on ESPN2. On January 13, 2007, the North team, led by San Jose State coach Dick Tomey, defeated the South team, coached by Texas Tech coach Mike Leach, 28–17. Galena Park ISD had a two-year agreement to host the game. The second annual edition of the game was tentatively scheduled for January 12, 2008, but was cancelled. The game was sponsored by Inta Juice, an energy drink.

text:
# North–South All-Star Classic

The **North–South All-Star Classic** was a postseason college football all-star game, the only edition of which took place in 2007. The game was played in Houston at the Galena Park ISD Stadium and telecast on ESPN2.

On January 13, 2007, the North team, led by San Jose State coach Dick Tomey, defeated the South team, coached by Texas Tech coach Mike Leach, 28–17. Galena Park ISD had a two-year agreement to host the game. The second annual edition of the game was tentatively scheduled for January 12, 2008, but was cancelled. The game was sponsored by Inta Juice, an energy drink.

## Game results

| Date Played | Winning Team | | Losing Team | | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| January 13, 2007 | **North College-Stars** | 28 | South College-Stars | 17 |  |
| January 12, 2008 | cancelled | | | |  |

### 2007: North 28, South 17

| Scoring summary |
| --- |
| Quarter Time Drive Team Scoring information Score  Plays Yards TOP North South  1     South 39-yard field goal by Darren McCaleb 0 3  2     South Fumble recovery returned 36 yards for touchdown by Chris Harris, Darren McCaleb kick good 0 10  2 6:38    North Corey Anderson 1-yard touchdown run, kick good 7 10  2     South Dominique Zeigler 3-yard touchdown reception from Jeff Smith, Darren McCaleb kick good 7 17  3     North James Jones 16-yard touchdown reception from Luke Getsy, kick good 14 17  4 10:33    North D. D. Terry 3-yard touchdown run, kick good 21 17  4 0:28    North Luke Getsy 2-yard touchdown run, kick good 28 17  "TOP" = time of possession. For other American football terms, see Glossary of American football. 28 17 |

## InfoBox

| North–South All-Star Classic (defunct) | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Stadium | Galena Park ISD Stadium |
| Location | Houston, Texas |
| Operated | 2007 |
| Sponsors | |
| Inta Juice | |


title: Osing people

abstract: The Osing or Using are indigenous ethnic group native to easternmost part of the Java island, Indonesia. They are the descendants of the people of the ancient Kingdom of Blambangan. The population of Osing people are approximately 400,000 which concentrated in the Banyuwangi Regency of East Java Province.

text:
# Osing people

The **Osing** or **Using** (Osing: *Lare Osing*; *Lare Using*) are indigenous ethnic group native to easternmost part of the Java island (especially in Banyuwangi), Indonesia. They are the descendants of the people of the ancient Kingdom of Blambangan. The population of Osing people are approximately 400,000 which concentrated in the Banyuwangi Regency of East Java Province.

## Demography

The Osing people are settled in several districts in the central and northern regions of Banyuwangi Regency especially in Banyuwangi district, Rogojampi district, Sempu district, Glagah district, Singojuruh district, Giri district, Kalipuro district and Songgon district. The Osing community or also commonly known as **Laré** **Osing** by some circles and as a result of research, are considered as the natives of Banyuwangi Regency, including an area at the easternmost tip of the Java island that is also known as Blambangan Peninsula. This community of people are spread throughout fertile farming villages in the central and eastern regions of Banyuwangi Regency, administratively includes districts such as Giri, Kabat, Glagah, Belimbing Sari, Rogojampi, Sempu, Singojuruh, Songgon, Cluring, Banyuwangi (city), Genteng and Srono. In the four later districts, integration with non-Osing people occurs usually with migrants from western East Java, Central Java including Jogjakarta; which the Osing people refer them as *Wong Jawa Kulon* (Western Javanese people).

## Language

The native language of Osing people is the Osing language, it is categorized as part of the Javanese language family. Linguistically speaking, this language has been influenced heavily by its neighbour notably the Standard Javanese (mainly eastern dialects) and Balinese. The main factor is probably due to Osing's cultural land which located between the two cultural lands of Javanese and Balinese people.

## History

The history of the Osing people dates back to the end of the 15th century, at the time of the fall of Majapahit; to resist conversion to Islam, many of them fled east to Banyuwangi, Bali and Lombok. Much of Java were converted to Islam by the Muslim Makassars in the 16th century. The remaining Hindu princes from Majapahit established the Kingdom of Blambangan, which stretched from the Blambangan peninsula right up to the Tengger mountains of East Java. Blambangan held sway for slightly more than two hundred years before they finally surrendered to the second Mataram Sultanate in 1743, and the eventual Islamization of the Osing people. However, the conversion process wasn't complete until the mid-19th century, though small communities of Muslims do pre-exist this date. The cause of the Osing's conversion is that, during the 18th century, when Banyuwangi was still unscathed by the Dutch colony, but knowing that by launching an attack on Banyuwangi, they will lose out in the battle as the Hindu principal puputan was a fight-to-death, (as occurred previously in the Puputan Bayu War or Blambangan War in 1771–1773) the Dutch sent Muslim and Christian missionaries to tame the fighting spirit. Only then Banyuwangi was captured, a long and ambitious dream toward further occupation on Bali was launched by the Dutch.

After the Dutch East India Company conquered the region in 1767, the Dutch settled many central Javanese group, Madurese and other Muslim migrants to the area.

## Religion

The Osings are mostly adherents of Islam, although there are some who still follow Hinduism. Elements of animism can be seen in their religion too. The Osings share a similar culture and spirit with the Balinese. Just like the Balinese people, the Osing people also share the puputan tradition. It is not uncommon to see mosques and puras (Balinese Hindu temples) to be built nearby to each other in Banyuwangi.

## Vocation

The main profession of the Osing people are farmers with a small number of them are traders and officers in formal areas of employment such as teachers and local government officials.

## Culture

### Social stratification

The Osing people differ from the Balinese people in terms of social stratification as the majority of the Osing are Muslims but even the Hindu Osing do not practice the caste system like the Balinese people, even though they are Hindus. This is because of the Islamic influences that is practiced by a significant number of Muslims in their community.

### Art

The Osing people's various art forms are unique and contains mystical elements just like their Balinese and Javanese relatives. The main art form is their popular version of Gandrung traditional dance., Patrol, Seblang, Angklung, Barong dance, Kuntulan, Kendang Kempul, Janger, Jaranan, Jaran Kincak, Angklung Caruk and Jedor.

Other art forms that are still preserved is the nursery rhyme, especially among school children such as *Jamuran* and *Ojo Rame-Rame*. These short poem nursery rhymes in general are used to accompany during children's play. Apart from adding a cheerful atmosphere when children are playing in groups, these nursery rhymes can work to teach positive values in early childhood. *Jamuran* nursery rhyme teaches about communal work, while *Ojo Rame-Rame* teaches patriotism.

## Customary village

The government of Banyuwangi Regency sees great potential in the culture of the Osing people by establishing Kemiren village in Glagah district as a customary village that preserves the cultural values of the Osing people. Kemiren village is also a tourist destination that is popular among the Banyuwangi people and its surrounding communities. Cultural festivals and annual artistic events are often held in the village.

## Further reading

* Merle Calvin Ricklefs (2001), *A History of Modern Indonesia Since c. 1200*, Stanford University Press, ISBN 978-080-474-4805

## InfoBox

Osing
| *Lare Using*<br>*Lare Osing* | |
| --- | --- |
| Portrait of Osing groom and bride in *Kemanten* (wedding procession) wearing the traditional *Mupus Braen* attire in Banyuwangi | |
| Total population | |
| 384,000 | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| Indonesia (East Java) | |
| Languages | |
| * **Native**: * **Osing languages** * **Also**: * | |
| Religion | |
| Islam (Sunni) | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
|  | |


title: 198 Ampella

abstract: 198 Ampella is a Main belt asteroid that was discovered by Alphonse Borrelly on June 13, 1879. The name seems to be the feminine form of Ampelos, a satyr and good friend of Dionysus in Greek mythology. It could also derive from the Ampelose, a variety of hamadryad. It is an S-type asteroid. So far Ampella has been observed occulting a star once, on November 8, 1991, from New South Wales, Australia. This asteroid has been resolved by the W. M. Keck Observatory, resulting in a size estimate of 53 km. It is oblate in shape, with a size ratio of 1.22 between the major and minor axes. Measurements from the IRAS observatory gave a similar size estimate of 57 km. Photometric measurements made in 1993 give a rotation period of 10.38 hours.

text:
# 198 Ampella

**198 Ampella** is a Main belt asteroid that was discovered by Alphonse Borrelly on June 13, 1879. The name seems to be the feminine form of Ampelos, a satyr and good friend of Dionysus in Greek mythology. It could also derive from the Ampelose (plural of Ampelos), a variety of hamadryad. It is an S-type asteroid.

So far Ampella has been observed occulting a star once, on November 8, 1991, from New South Wales, Australia.

This asteroid has been resolved by the W. M. Keck Observatory, resulting in a size estimate of 53 km. It is oblate in shape, with a size ratio of 1.22 between the major and minor axes. Measurements from the IRAS observatory gave a similar size estimate of 57 km. Photometric measurements made in 1993 give a rotation period of 10.38 hours.

## InfoBox

198 Ampella
| Orbital diagram | |
| --- | --- |
| Discovery | |
| Discovered by | A. Borrelly |
| Discovery date | 13 June 1879 |
| Designations | |
| MPC designation | (198) Ampella |
| Pronunciation | /æmˈpɛlə/ |
| Named after | Ampelos |
| Alternative designations | A879 LA; 1957 YA1 |
| Minor planet category | Main belt |
| Orbital characteristics | |
| Epoch 31 July 2016 (JD 2457600.5) | |
| Uncertainty parameter 0 | |
| Observation arc | 131.26 yr (47944 d) |
| Aphelion | 3.0193 AU (451.68 Gm) |
| Perihelion | 1.8986 AU (284.03 Gm) |
| Semi-major axis | 2.4589 AU (367.85 Gm) |
| Eccentricity | 0.22788 |
| Orbital period (sidereal) | 3.86 yr (1408.4 ) |
| Mean anomaly | 131.10 |
| Mean motion | 0° 15m 20.196s / day |
| Inclination | 9.3113° |
| Longitude of ascending node | 268.45° |
| Argument of perihelion | 88.586° |
| Earth MOID | 0.921007 AU (137.7807 Gm) |
| Jupiter MOID | 2.52287 AU (377.416 Gm) |
| TJupiter | 3.437 |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Mean diameter | 54.323±0.343 km |
| Mass | (2.62 ± 1.24/0.49)×1018 kg |
| Mean density | 3.121 ± 1.477/0.588 g/cm3 |
| Synodic rotation period | 10.379  (0.4325 ) |
| Geometric albedo | 0.268±0.035 |
| Spectral type |  |
| Absolute magnitude *(H)* | 8.58 |
|  | |


title: Sulfurhead aulonocara

abstract: The sulfurhead aulonocara or sulfurhead peacock is a species of haplochromine cichlid which is endemic to Lake Malawi in the country of Malawi and has only been observed on West Reef and Eccles Reef. It is threatened by collection for the aquarium trade and this has caused a 70% reduction in numbers. In this mouthbrooding species, the eggs are cared for by the females only, and it is found over mixed sand and rocky areas where they hunt small invertebrates in the sand. It closely resembles the blue orchid aulonocara though it develops a yellow blaze across its dorsal In the past these two taxa have been considered to be subspecies. The specific name honours Hans-Joachim Mayland, an author on cichlids and a fishkeeper, brought the species to the attention of Ethelwynn Trewavas.

text:
# Sulfurhead aulonocara

The **sulfurhead aulonocara** (***Aulonocara maylandi***) or **sulfurhead peacock** is a species of haplochromine cichlid which is endemic to Lake Malawi in the country of Malawi and has only been observed on West Reef (Luwala Reef) and Eccles Reef (Chimwalani Reef). It is threatened by collection for the aquarium trade and this has caused a 70% reduction in numbers. In this mouthbrooding species, the eggs are cared for by the females only, and it is found over mixed sand and rocky areas where they hunt small invertebrates in the sand. It closely resembles the blue orchid aulonocara (*Aulonocara kandeense*) though it develops a yellow blaze across its dorsal In the past these two taxa have been considered to be subspecies. The specific name honours Hans-Joachim Mayland, an author on cichlids and a fishkeeper, brought the species to the attention of Ethelwynn Trewavas.

## Sources

## InfoBox

| Sulfurhead aulonocara | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Critically Endangered  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Cichliformes |
| Family: | Cichlidae |
| Genus: | *Aulonocara* |
| Species: | ***A. maylandi*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Aulonocara maylandi***
Trewavas, 1984 | |
|


title: Willie Watson (bowls)

abstract: Willie Watson is a former Irish international lawn bowler. He competed in the fours at the 1978 Commonwealth Games in Edmonton, Alberta and four years later won a bronze medal in the fours with Sammy Allen, Frank Campbell and John McCloughlin at the 1982 Commonwealth Games in Brisbane, Australia. In 1986 he won another bronze medal in the fours at the 1986 Commonwealth Games in Edinburgh with Ernie Parkinson, Billie Montgomery and Roy McCune.

text:
# Willie Watson (bowls)

**Willie Watson** is a former Irish international lawn bowler.

He competed in the fours at the 1978 Commonwealth Games in Edmonton, Alberta and four years later won a bronze medal in the fours with Sammy Allen, Frank Campbell and John McCloughlin at the 1982 Commonwealth Games in Brisbane, Australia.

In 1986 he won another bronze medal in the fours at the 1986 Commonwealth Games in Edinburgh with Ernie Parkinson, Billie Montgomery and Roy McCune.

## InfoBox

William Watson
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | Northern Ireland |
| Medal record      Representing  Northern Ireland   Commonwealth Games  1982 Brisbane  fours  1986 Edinburgh  fours | |


title: Times-News (Idaho)

abstract: The Times-News is a US daily newspaper serving the Twin Falls, Idaho area. The paper is owned by Lee Enterprises and is available throughout the Magic Valley region of south-central Idaho as well as in parts of Elko County, Nevada, as far south as Wells.

text:
# Times-News (Idaho)

The ***Times-News*** is a US daily newspaper serving the Twin Falls, Idaho area. The paper is owned by Lee Enterprises and is available throughout the Magic Valley region of south-central Idaho as well as in parts of Elko County, Nevada, as far south as Wells.

## History

The *Times-News* began publication in 1904 as the *Twin Falls Weekly News*.

The paper was acquired by Howard Publications in 1968. Howard was acquired by Lee Enterprises in 2002.

Starting July 11, 2023, the print edition of the newspaper will be reduced to three days a week: Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday. Also, the newspaper will transition from being delivered by a traditional newspaper delivery carrier to mail delivery by the U.S. Postal Service.

## Publications

* The *Times-News* daily newspaper
* *Magic Values Shopper & Auto Trader* weekly free ads paper
* *AG Weekly* weekly agricultural news
* Southern Idaho Business Online, Online local business news

## Editors

* 2015 to 2018 Matt Christensen
* 2018 - 2022 Alison Smith
* 2022-present Steve Kiggins

Idaho portal

## InfoBox

Times-News
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Type | Daily newspaper |
| Format | Broadsheet |
| Owner(s) | Lee Enterprises |
| Publisher | Matt Sandberg |
| Editor | Steve Kiggins |
| Managing editor | Mychel Matthews |
| Founded | January 1, 1904 (1904-01-01)
(as *Twin Falls Weekly News*) |
| Language | English |
| Headquarters | 132 Fairfield Street West, PO Box 548
Twin Falls, ID 83303
United States |
| Circulation | 9,270 Daily (as of 2023) |
| Website | magicvalley.com |


title: Pablo López Luz

abstract: Pablo López Luz is a Mexican photographer. López Luz has participated in numerous solo and group exhibitions around the world. He has won multiple awards, including the Syngenta Photography Award and the Alt+1000 Photography Award. He has also published several books of his photographs. In 2022 Javier Sirvent wrote that Pablo López Luz "can be considered among the main figures in contemporary Mexican photography".

text:
# Pablo López Luz

**Pablo López Luz** (born Mexico City, 1979) is a Mexican photographer. López Luz has participated in numerous solo and group exhibitions around the world. He has won multiple awards, including the Syngenta Photography Award and the Alt+1000 Photography Award. He has also published several books of his photographs. In 2022 Javier Sirvent wrote that Pablo López Luz "can be considered among the main figures in contemporary Mexican photography".

## Career

Pablo López Luz grew up involved in the art world, since his father was a gallerist in Mexico City. After studying at the Universidad Iberoamericana in Mexico City, López Luz completed a master's degree in Visual Art at NYU in 2006. López Luz has exhibited in different venues including the Museo Tamayo, Arróniz Arte Contemporaneo, Museo Experimental el Eco, and the Fondation Cartier. His work is part of the collection of the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, and the Escalette Collection at Chapman University, among other institutions.

Although he is well known for his aerial photographs, his projects are more varied. For example, for *Piedra Volcánica* he was commissioned by el Eco Museum to take a series of images about the museum's building, designed by architect Mathias Goeritz. He has also worked extensively outside Mexico, for example in *Romana Tropical* he took photographs of the architecture of several Cuban cities.

In 2010 he won the third edition of the Photography Prize of the Instituto Italo-Latinoamericano (IILA) in Rome. In 2015, López Luz won the Project Launch Juror’s Award from CENTER for his *Frontera* project. In 2019 he was a finalist for the sixth edition of the MAST Foundation Grant for Industry and Photography.

He has given lectures about his work such as the 2021 Anderman Photography Lecture at the Denver Art Museum.

## Artistic style

In 2014 Mariela Sancari wrote about project *Terrazo*: "His images are an interesting example of reinterpretation of traditional Mexican landscape imagery, addressing this from the men-environment point of view". Alasdair Foster wrote in 2020: "Through his photographs, Pablo López Luz seeks to investigate the relationships between human beings and the space they inhabit". Arturo Soto wrote in a review of López Luz' 2019 book *Bajo la Sombra de la Pirámide*: "There aren’t many Mexican photographers working in the manner of Pablo López Luz, combining the vision and thematic focus of the New Topographics (particularly those of Lewis Baltz), the methodology of the Düsseldorf School, and the lyricism of Graciela Iturbide". He has been mentioned along artists whose work is based on twentieth-century Maya Revival architecture, such as Eduardo Abaroa and Lourdes Grobet.


title: North Point (Cambridge, Massachusetts)

abstract: North Point is a neighborhood within the East Cambridge section of Cambridge, Massachusetts. A former railroad yard, the site was originally built by the Boston and Maine Railroad. It is triangular in shape and bound by the MBTA Commuter Rail Fitchburg Line, the Charles River and associated dam with the Lechmere Viaduct, the former Lechmere wetlands, and Millers River remnant that once divided Cambridge and Charlestown, along with the Interstate 93 Northern Expressway viaduct to the northeast. After development continued in the area surrounding, it was decided to turn portions of the now-unused rail yard area into a large development, containing commercial, retail and residential development, along with a relocated Lechmere Green Line transit station. The area was master planned and partially constructed under the name NorthPoint, from which the neighborhood received its name. After development stalled, a different developer, DivcoWest, took over the remainder of the site and named it Cambridge Crossing. A new master plan envisioned a center for innovation and collaboration with a central retail hub surrounded by acres of open space.

text:
# North Point (Cambridge, Massachusetts)

**North Point** is a neighborhood within the East Cambridge section of Cambridge, Massachusetts. A former railroad yard, the site was originally built by the Boston and Maine Railroad. It is triangular in shape and bound by the MBTA Commuter Rail Fitchburg Line, the Charles River and associated dam with the Lechmere Viaduct, the former Lechmere wetlands, and Millers River remnant that once divided Cambridge and Charlestown, along with the Interstate 93 Northern Expressway viaduct to the northeast.

After development continued in the area surrounding, it was decided to turn portions of the now-unused rail yard area into a large development, containing commercial, retail and residential development, along with a relocated Lechmere Green Line transit station. The area was master planned and partially constructed under the name NorthPoint, from which the neighborhood received its name. After development stalled, a different developer, DivcoWest, took over the remainder of the site and named it **Cambridge Crossing**. A new master plan envisioned a center for innovation and collaboration with a central retail hub surrounded by acres of open space.

## Transportation

North Point is positioned between two MBTA stations (Lechmere on the Green Line and Community College on the Orange Line), adjacent to Kendall Square, one MBTA stop away from North Station. Lechmere opened on March 21, 2022 as part of the Green Line Extension project.

## Construction phases

Completed as of January 2022 are two original North Point buildings containing condominiums, one life science building, one retail and office building, and a central retail building along with acres of green space. In progress as of January 2022 are four life science buildings and one residential building. Phase 2 includes additional life science, residential and retail buildings along with new streets being constructed. The final plans for the complete area include 4.5 million square feet of commercial, residential, and retail buildings and 11 acres of open and green space, including a segment of the Mass Central Rail Trail.

42°22′20.6″N 71°4′30.2″W / 42.372389°N 71.075056°W / 42.372389; -71.075056


title: Osaka Municipal Subway 70 series

abstract: Osaka Municipal Subway 70 series The Osaka Municipal Subway 70 series (大阪市交通局70系) is a rapid transit electric multiple unit (EMU) train type operated by Osaka Municipal Subway on the Nagahori Tsurumi-ryokuchi Line in Japan. The 70 series was among the earliest trains in Japan to use linear motors, and is capable of driverless operation.

text:
# Osaka Municipal Subway 70 series

The **Osaka Municipal Subway 70 series** (大阪市交通局70系) is a rapid transit electric multiple unit (EMU) train type operated by Osaka Municipal Subway on the Nagahori Tsurumi-ryokuchi Line in Japan.

The 70 series was among the earliest trains in Japan to use linear motors, and is capable of driverless operation.

## Refurbishment

All 25 70 series trains are scheduled to undergo major refurbishment, with set 13 the first refurbished set to re-enter service on March 4, 2011. The refurbishment will include the fitting of new linear motor traction systems, a new 3-colour LED display system above passenger doors, new LCD passenger information monitors, lower hand grips, a yellow line printed on passenger doors and new train car number indicators on the exterior similar to those seen on the 30000 series and the refurbished 25 series trains.

## InfoBox

| Osaka Municipal Subway 70 series | |
| --- | --- |
| Osaka Municipal Subway 70 series in revised livery at Kadoma-minami Station, March 2012 | |
| In service | 1990–present |
| Manufacturer | Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Kinki Sharyo, Nippon Sharyo, Alna Kōki |
| Constructed | 1990–1997 |
| Entered service | 20 March 1990 |
| Refurbished | 2011– |
| Number built | 100 cars (25 sets) |
| Number in service | 100 cars |
| Formation | 4 cars per trainset |
| Capacity | 380 |
| Operators | Osaka Municipal Transportation Bureau (1990–2018)
Osaka Metro (2018–present) |
| Depots | Tsurumi |
| Lines served | Nagahori Tsurumi-ryokuchi Line |
| Specifications | |
| Car body construction | Aluminium |
| Train length | 62.8 m (206 ft 0 in) |
| Car length | 15.8 m (51 ft 10 in) (end cars)
15.6 m (51 ft 2 in) (intermediate cars) |
| Doors | 3 pairs of sliding doors per side |
| Maximum speed | 70 km/h (43 mph) |
| Weight | 102 t (100 long tons; 112 short tons) |
| Traction system | Variable-frequency |
| Traction motors | Linear motors |
| Power output | 800 kW (1,073 hp) |
| Acceleration | 2.5 km/(h⋅s) (1.6 mph/s) |
| Deceleration | 3.5 km/(h⋅s) (2.2 mph/s) (service)
4.5 km/(h⋅s) (2.8 mph/s) (emergency) |
| Electric system(s) | 1,500 V DC |
| Current collector(s) | Pantograph |
| Braking system(s) | Electric commanding |
| Safety system(s) | CS-ATC, ATO |
| Track gauge | 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+12 in) |


title: Marginella petitii

abstract: Marginella petitii is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Marginellidae, the margin snails.

text:
# Marginella petitii

***Marginella petitii*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Marginellidae, the margin snails.

## Description

## Distribution

## InfoBox

| *Marginella petitii* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Family: | Marginellidae |
| Genus: | *Marginella* |
| Species: | ***M. petitii*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Marginella petitii***<br>Duval, 1841 | |
|


title: 1991 Guelph municipal election

abstract: The 1991 Guelph municipal election was held on November 12, 1991, in Guelph, Ontario, Canada, to elect the Mayor of Guelph, Guelph City Council and the Guelph members of the Upper Grand District School Board (Public) and Wellington Catholic District School Board. The election was one of many races across the province of Ontario. It was also the first since 1930 to use wards to elect members of city council rather a citywide vote. Two councillors were to be elected in each of the six new wards.

text:
# 1991 Guelph municipal election

The **1991 Guelph municipal election** was held on November 12, 1991, in Guelph, Ontario, Canada, to elect the Mayor of Guelph, Guelph City Council and the Guelph members of the Upper Grand District School Board (Public) and Wellington Catholic District School Board. The election was one of many races across the province of Ontario.

It was also the first since 1930 to use wards to elect members of city council rather a citywide vote. Two councillors were to be elected in each of the six new wards.

## Results

Names in **bold** denotes elected candidates.
(X) denotes incumbent.

### Mayor

**Mayoral race**

| Candidate | Vote | % |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **John Counsell** (X) | **11,952** | **57.55** |
| Peter Meisenheimer | 6,267 | 30.18 |
| John Millington | 2,548 | 12.27 |

### Ward 1

**Ward 1 Councillor, 2 To Be Elected**

| Candidate | Vote | % |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Joe Young** (X) | **1,865** | **34.64** |
| **John Carere** | **981** | **18.22** |
| Betty Stone (X) | 775 | 14.39 |
| Bill Hulet | 717 | 13.32 |
| Howard Burke | 707 | 13.13 |
| Nicole Seguin | 339 | 6.30 |

### Ward 2

**Ward 2 Councillor, 2 To Be Elected**

| Candidate | Vote | % |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Frank Maine** | **2,329** | **28.34** |
| **Linda Lennon** (X) | **2,126** | **25.87** |
| Gary Walton | 1,400 | 17.04 |
| Karen Farbridge | 955 | 11.62 |
| John Ustation | 669 | 8.14 |
| Lew Edwards | 490 | 5.96 |
| Louis Szpeflicki | 249 | 3.03 |

### Ward 3

**Ward 3 Councillor, 2 To Be Elected**

| Candidate | Vote | % |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Norm Jary** (X) | **2,588** | **37.10** |
| **Theresa Stafford** | **1,343** | **19.25** |
| David Kendrick (X) | 1,019 | 14.61 |
| John (Jack) Misener | 707 | 10.13 |
| Edward Pickersgill | 552 | 7.91 |
| Al Krusky, Jr. | 339 | 4.86 |
| Peter Kelley | 271 | 3.88 |
| Ray Mitchell | 157 | 2.25 |

### Ward 4

**Ward 4 Councillor, 2 To Be Elected**

| Candidate | Vote | % |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Gloria Kovach** | **1,157** | **26.54** |
| **James Sinclair** | **908** | **20.83** |
| Philip N. Allt | 758 | 17.39 |
| Alan Smart | 669 | 15.35 |
| Robert Warner | 459 | 10.53 |
| Doug Roach | 408 | 9.36 |

### Ward 5

**Ward 5 Councillor, 2 To Be Elected**

| Candidate | Vote | % |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Carl Hamilton** (X) | **1,623** | **25.70** |
| **Bill McAdams** | **1,456** | **23.06** |
| Clara Marett (X) | 1,306 | 20.68 |
| Tim Mau | 770 | 12.19 |
| Marty Williams | 671 | 10.63 |
| Beverly Ann Izzillo | 489 | 7.74 |

### Ward 6

**Ward 6 Councillor, 2 To Be Elected**

| Candidate | Vote | % |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **John Pate** | **1,481** | **27.43** |
| **Walter K. Bilanski** (X) | **1,173** | **21.73** |
| Tim Gaw | 1,133 | 20.99 |
| Donald Peacock (X) | 856 | 15.85 |
| Andrew Oosterhoff | 756 | 14.00 |

The Guelph Tribune, November 13, 1991

## InfoBox

1991 Guelph municipal election
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| ---  Map of Guelph's Wards | |


title: Sunshine Special

abstract: The Sunshine Special was inaugurated by the St. Louis, Iron Mountain and Southern Railway,, on December 5, 1915, to provide a premium level of passenger train service between St. Louis, Little Rock, and destinations in Texas, United States, such as El Paso, San Antonio, Laredo and Houston. An auxiliary section of the train originated in Memphis, Tennessee, and linked with the train in Little Rock, Arkansas. The train ran from St. Louis to either Longview or Marshall in East Texas. Their cars for Dallas, Ft. Worth and El Paso were cut out and forwarded over M.P. subsidiary Texas and Pacific. Cars for Houston were cut out at Palestine, Texas. Until being shifted into a secondary role by the Texas Eagle diesel powered streamliner in August 1948, the Sunshine Special served as the flagship of the Missouri Pacific Railroad's passenger train service. Prior to the advent of the Texas Eagle, the San Antonio/Laredo section of the train continued over the Ferrocarriles Nacionales de México as the Águila Azteca or Aztec Eagle to Mexico City, Mexico. Between July 7, 1946, and April 25, 1948, the Missouri Pacific and the Pennsylvania Railroad operated the Sunshine Special jointly between New York City and Texas. Low traffic west of St. Louis prompted the Missouri Pacific to withdraw from the joint operation in favor of exchanging sleeper cars. The PRR renamed its train the Texas Eagle on August 15, then finally the Penn Texas on December 12. The last vestige of the Sunshine Special, an unnamed train did not disappear from Missouri Pacific timetables until 1962. The Texas Eagle achieved greater patronage volume and survived until 1971 when the MP gave up its passenger service to Amtrak.

text:
# Sunshine Special

The ***Sunshine Special*** was inaugurated by the St. Louis, Iron Mountain and Southern Railway, (later the Missouri Pacific Railroad), on December 5, 1915, to provide a premium level of passenger train service between St. Louis, Little Rock, and destinations in Texas, United States, such as El Paso, San Antonio, Laredo and Houston. An auxiliary section of the train originated in Memphis, Tennessee, and linked with the train in Little Rock, Arkansas.

The train ran from St. Louis to either Longview or Marshall in East Texas. Their cars for Dallas, Ft. Worth and El Paso were cut out and forwarded over M.P. subsidiary Texas and Pacific. Cars for Houston were cut out at Palestine, Texas.

Until being shifted into a secondary role by the *Texas Eagle* diesel powered streamliner in August 1948, the *Sunshine Special* served as the flagship of the Missouri Pacific Railroad's passenger train service. Prior to the advent of the *Texas Eagle,* the San Antonio/Laredo section of the train continued over the Ferrocarriles Nacionales de México (N de M) as the *Águila Azteca* or *Aztec Eagle* to Mexico City, Mexico.

Between July 7, 1946, and April 25, 1948, the Missouri Pacific and the Pennsylvania Railroad operated the *Sunshine Special* jointly between New York City and Texas. Low traffic west of St. Louis prompted the Missouri Pacific to withdraw from the joint operation in favor of exchanging sleeper cars. The PRR renamed its train the *Texas Eagle* on August 15, then finally the *Penn Texas* on December 12. The last vestige of the *Sunshine Special,* an unnamed train did not disappear from Missouri Pacific timetables until 1962. The *Texas Eagle* achieved greater patronage volume and survived until 1971 when the MP gave up its passenger service to Amtrak.

## Baylor University's *Immortal Ten*

The *Sunshine Special* was thrust into the national spotlight on January 22, 1927, when it struck a bus carrying members of the Baylor University basketball team in Round Rock, Texas. According to reports, the bus driver, 19-year-old Joe Potter, failed to see the train approaching the crossing at nearly sixty miles per hour from the bus' right. When Potter did see the train, he felt he had no choice but to attempt to beat it across the tracks. Attempting to put more distance between the bus and the train, Potter veered to his left, moving the bus farther ahead of the train. The results were disastrous, with ten Baylor students killed. The tragedy gave rise to Baylor's longstanding tradition of remembering "The Immortal Ten."

## Bibliography

* Adams, W.M. (1976). "The Sunshine Special". *National Railway Bulletin*. **41** (2). Philadelphia, PA: National Railway Historical Society: 4–26.
* Sanders, Craig (2003). *Limiteds, Locals, and Expresses in Indiana, 1838–1971*. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-34216-4.
* Sanders, Craig (2008). *Mattoon and Charleston Area Railroads*. Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7385-5228-6.

## InfoBox

*Sunshine Special*
| Postcard depiction of the train in 1936. | |
| --- | --- |
| Overview | |
| Service type | Inter-city rail |
| Status | Discontinued |
| Locale | Southwestern United States |
| First service | 1915 |
| Last service | 1960 |
| Former operator(s) | Missouri Pacific Railroad |
| Route | |
| Termini | St. Louis, Missouri, Memphis, Tennessee and New Orleans, Louisiana branches
El Paso, Texas, and Laredo, Texas, branches and branches to other points in Texas
Until 1948, a branch of the train continued on from Laredo to Mexico City, Mexico |
| Service frequency | Daily |
| Train number(s) | 31 (westbound); 32 (eastbound) |
| On-board services | |
| Seating arrangements | Reclining seat coaches |
| Sleeping arrangements | Sections, bedrooms, drawing rooms and compartments |
| Catering facilities | Dining cars; Dining-lounge car in 1950s |
| Technical | |
| Track gauge | 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+12 in) |


title: William Pery, 4th Earl of Limerick

abstract:
William Henry Edmund de Vere Sheaffe Pery, 4th Earl of Limerick, DL, styled Viscount Glentworth until 1896, was an Irish peer and British Army officer. Limerick was the only child of William Pery, 3rd Earl of Limerick by his first wife, Caroline Gray. He was educated at Eton College. Upon leaving school, he enlisted as an officer in the army, serving with the Rifle Brigade as a lieutenant between 1884 and 1890. He later moved to the 5th Battalion, Royal Munster Fusiliers, where he was promoted to captain. He was later made an honorary major in the same regiment. Upon the death of his father in 1896, he became the Earl of Limerick. He held the office of Deputy Lieutenant for the County of Limerick. He married May Imelda Josephine Irwin in 1890, with whom he had three children:
  - Imelda Sybil Pery
  - Lady Victoria May Pery m. 1914 James Cox Brady (1882–1927), of New York City, son of Anthony N. Brady.
  - Captain Edmond William Claude Gerard de Vere Pery, Lord Glentworth As he was predeceased by his children, he was succeeded in his titles by his half-brother, Edmund.

text:
# William Pery, 4th Earl of Limerick

**William Henry Edmund de Vere Sheaffe Pery, 4th Earl of Limerick**, DL (16 September 1863  18 March 1929), styled **Viscount Glentworth** until 1896, was an Irish peer and British Army officer.

Limerick was the only child of William Pery, 3rd Earl of Limerick by his first wife, Caroline Gray. He was educated at Eton College.

Upon leaving school, he enlisted as an officer in the army, serving with the Rifle Brigade as a lieutenant between 1884 and 1890. He later moved to the 5th Battalion, Royal Munster Fusiliers, where he was promoted to captain. He was later made an honorary major in the same regiment. Upon the death of his father in 1896, he became the Earl of Limerick. He held the office of Deputy Lieutenant for the County of Limerick.

He married May Imelda Josephine Irwin in 1890, with whom he had three children:

* Imelda Sybil Pery (10 Nov 1891 – 12 Nov 1891)
* Lady Victoria May Pery (4 May 1893 – 27 Dec 1918) m. 1914 James Cox Brady (1882–1927), of New York City, son of Anthony N. Brady.
* Captain Edmond William Claude Gerard de Vere Pery, Lord Glentworth (14 Oct 1894 – 18 May 1918)

As he was predeceased by his children, he was succeeded in his titles by his half-brother, Edmund.


title: List of lakes of South Africa

abstract:
This is a list of lakes of South Africa. It includes lakes that were formed naturally, and a few wetlands. For artificial lakes such as reservoirs, refer to List of dams and reservoirs in South Africa. For estuaries see List of estuaries of South Africa, or if they are more the lagoon type List of lagoons of South Africa, and for bays see List of bays of South Africa.
  - A ^ Subterranean lake
  - B ^ The name Sout Pan literally translates as Salt Pan, but the lake is not used to harvest salt.

text:
# List of lakes of South Africa

This is a **list of lakes of South Africa**. It includes lakes that were formed naturally, and a few **wetlands**. For artificial lakes such as reservoirs, refer to List of dams and reservoirs in South Africa. For estuaries (river mouths) see List of estuaries of South Africa, or if they are more the lagoon type List of lagoons of South Africa, and for bays see List of bays of South Africa.

| Name | Province | Nearest Town | Coordinates | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Lake Zilonde (Also KuZilonde or Silonde) | KwaZulu-Natal | Kosi Bay Area | 26°52′3″S 32°52′10″E / 26.86750°S 32.86944°E / -26.86750; 32.86944 | see Kosi Bay Lakes |
| Kosi Lake (by most regarded as a lake) | KwaZulu-Natal | Kosi Bay Area | 26°58′S 32°50′E / 26.967°S 32.833°E / -26.967; 32.833 | (actually an Estuary), see list of estuaries of South Africa, and Kosi Bay Lakes |
| Lake KuHlange | KwaZulu-Natal | Kosi Bay Area | 26°58′14″S 32°50′51″E / 26.97056°S 32.84750°E / -26.97056; 32.84750 | see Kosi Bay Lakes |
| aManzamnyama | KwaZulu-Natal | Kosi Bay Area | 27°1′36″S 32°49′32″E / 27.02667°S 32.82556°E / -27.02667; 32.82556 | see Kosi Bay Lakes |
| KuShengeza | KwaZulu-Natal | Kosi Bay Area | 27°1′47″S 32°46′55″E / 27.02972°S 32.78194°E / -27.02972; 32.78194 | see Kosi Bay Lakes |
| Lake Sibaya | KwaZulu-Natal | Kosi Bay Area, north of Sodwana Bay | 27°21′21″S 32°41′41″E / 27.35583°S 32.69472°E / -27.35583; 32.69472 | see Kosi Bay Lakes |
| Mgobezeleni Lake | KwaZulu-Natal | South of Kosi Bay, near Sodwana Bay | 27°31′S 32°39′E / 27.517°S 32.650°E / -27.517; 32.650 | see Kosi Bay Lakes |
| Makhawulani Lake | KwaZulu-Natal | Kosi Bay Area, near Sodwana Bay | 26°55′S 32°51′E / 26.917°S 32.850°E / -26.917; 32.850 | see Kosi Bay Lakes |
| Lake St. Lucia (by most regarded as a lake) | KwaZulu-Natal | north of St Lucia | 27°59′S 32°27′E / 27.983°S 32.450°E / -27.983; 32.450 | actually an Estuary, see List of estuaries of South Africa |
| Lake Nhlabane | KwaZulu-Natal | north of Richards Bay | 28°36′23″S 32°16′18″E / 28.60639°S 32.27167°E / -28.60639; 32.27167 | see Richard Bay's Lakes |
| Lake Msingazi | KwaZulu-Natal | north of Richards Bay | 28°45′43″S 32°5′49″E / 28.76194°S 32.09694°E / -28.76194; 32.09694 | see Richard Bay's Lakes |
| Richards Bay/Mhlathuze River Estuary | KwaZulu-Natal | Richards Bay |  | the river part is an Estuary, see list of estuaries of South Africa. The Harbour is regarded to be just that, see Ports and harbours in South Africa |
| Lake Nsezi | KwaZulu-Natal | west of Richards Bay | 28°44′58″S 31°58′26″E / 28.74944°S 31.97389°E / -28.74944; 31.97389 | see Richard Bay's Lakes |
| Lake Cubhu | KwaZulu-Natal | south of Richards Bay | 28°50′19″S 31°58′0″E / 28.83861°S 31.96667°E / -28.83861; 31.96667 | see Richard Bay's Lakes |
| Ibundwe Pan | KwaZulu-Natal | north of Phongola | 26°59′S 32°18′E / 26.983°S 32.300°E / -26.983; 32.300 | see Phongola Lakes |
| Inyameti Pan | KwaZulu-Natal | north of Phongola | 26°53′S 32°18′E / 26.883°S 32.300°E / -26.883; 32.300 | see Phongola Lakes |
| Lake Hotwa | KwaZulu-Natal | north of Phongola | 26°52′S 32°17′E / 26.867°S 32.283°E / -26.867; 32.283 | see Phongola Lakes |
| Mandla Nkunzi Lake (Mantengane) | KwaZulu-Natal | north of Phongola | 26°58′S 32°17′E / 26.967°S 32.283°E / -26.967; 32.283 | see Phongola Lakes |
| Nhlole Lake | KwaZulu-Natal | north of Phongola | 27°1′S 32°18′E / 27.017°S 32.300°E / -27.017; 32.300 | see Phongola Lakes |
| Nlhanjwana Lake | KwaZulu-Natal | north of Phongola | 26°56′S 32°20′E / 26.933°S 32.333°E / -26.933; 32.333 | see Phongola Lakes |
| Tete Pan | KwaZulu-Natal | north of Phongola | 27°8′S 32°16′E / 27.133°S 32.267°E / -27.133; 32.267 | see Phongola Lakes |
| Msenyeni Pan | KwaZulu-Natal | north of Phongola | 27°13′S 32°12′E / 27.217°S 32.200°E / -27.217; 32.200 | see Phongola Lakes |
| Isivuguvungu Pan | KwaZulu-Natal | north of Phongola | 27°3′S 32°15′E / 27.050°S 32.250°E / -27.050; 32.250 | see Phongola Lakes |
| Maleni Pan | KwaZulu-Natal | north of Phongola | 27°8′S 32°14′E / 27.133°S 32.233°E / -27.133; 32.233 | see Phongola Lakes |
| Shalala Pan | KwaZulu-Natal | north of Phongola | 27°2′S 32°15′E / 27.033°S 32.250°E / -27.033; 32.250 | see Phongola Lakes |
| uMsunduze Pan | KwaZulu-Natal | north of Phongola | 26°56′S 32°13′E / 26.933°S 32.217°E / -26.933; 32.217 | see Phongola Lakes |
| Lake Chrissie (Chrissiesmeer) | Mpumalanga | near Chrissiesmeer | 26°20′3″S 30°12′57″E / 26.33417°S 30.21583°E / -26.33417; 30.21583 |  |
| Lake Elands 1 | Mpumalanga | near Chrissiesmeer | 26°19′49″S 30°18′14″E / 26.33028°S 30.30389°E / -26.33028; 30.30389 | see Chrissiemeer Lakes |
| Lake Elands 2 | Mpumalanga | near Chrissiesmeer | 26°21′8″S 30°18′46″E / 26.35222°S 30.31278°E / -26.35222; 30.31278 | see Chrissiemeer Lakes |
| Magdalena's Lake | Mpumalanga | near Chrissiesmeer | 26°22′32″S 30°17′20″E / 26.37556°S 30.28889°E / -26.37556; 30.28889 | see Chrissiemeer Lakes |
| Lake Banagher | Mpumalanga | near Chrissiesmeer | 26°20′54″S 30°21′32″E / 26.34833°S 30.35889°E / -26.34833; 30.35889 | see Chrissiemeer Lakes |
| Lake Fundudzi | Limpopo | near Thohoyandou | 22°51′2″S 30°18′40″E / 22.85056°S 30.31111°E / -22.85056; 30.31111 |  |
| Barberspan | North West | northeast of Delareyville | 26°33′20″S 25°36′6″E / 26.55556°S 25.60167°E / -26.55556; 25.60167 | see Delareyville Lakes |
| Leeupan | North West | northeast of Delareyville | 26°31′37″S 25°36′3″E / 26.52694°S 25.60083°E / -26.52694; 25.60083 | see Delareyville Lakes |
| Sout Pan | North West | south of Delareyville | 26°41′48″S 25°27′26″E / 26.69667°S 25.45722°E / -26.69667; 25.45722 | see Delareyville Lakes |
| Koppiesyn Pan | North West | south of Delareyville | 26°43′21″S 25°28′33″E / 26.72250°S 25.47583°E / -26.72250; 25.47583 | see Delareyville Lakes |
| Klein-Mond Wetlands | Western Cape | near Kleinmond | 34°20′S 19°2′E / 34.333°S 19.033°E / -34.333; 19.033 |  |
| Onrus River Wetlands | Western Cape | near Hermanus | 34°24′S 19°10′E / 34.400°S 19.167°E / -34.400; 19.167 | is more a Lagoon, see List of lagoons of South Africa |
| Bot River Wetlands (Bot River Vlei) | Western Cape | near Hermanus | 34°20′S 19°6′E / 34.333°S 19.100°E / -34.333; 19.100 | is more an Estuary, see List of estuaries of South Africa |
| Klein River Vlei | Western Cape | near Hermanus | 34°24′S 19°20′E / 34.400°S 19.333°E / -34.400; 19.333 | is more an Estuary, see List of estuaries of South Africa |
| Sterkfontein | Gauteng |  |  | \[A\] |
| Knysna is a Lagoon | Western Cape | Knysna |  | is more a Lagoon, see List of lagoons of South Africa |
| Groen Vlei | Western Cape | near Knysna | 34°1′39″S 22°50′46″E / 34.02750°S 22.84611°E / -34.02750; 22.84611 |  |
| Sedgefield | Western Cape | Wilderness |  | seems more like a lagoon (check?) |
| Rondevlei | Western Cape | Wilderness | 33°59′30″S 22°42′39″E / 33.99167°S 22.71083°E / -33.99167; 22.71083 | see Wilderness Lakes |
| Swartvlei | Western Cape | Wilderness | 33°59′43″S 22°45′33″E / 33.99528°S 22.75917°E / -33.99528; 22.75917 | see Wilderness Lakes |
| Upper Langvlei | Western Cape | Wilderness | 33°59′28″S 22°41′12″E / 33.99111°S 22.68667°E / -33.99111; 22.68667 | see Wilderness Lakes |
| Lower Langvlei | Western Cape | Wilderness | 33°59′45″S 22°38′37″E / 33.99583°S 22.64361°E / -33.99583; 22.64361 | see Wilderness Lakes |
| Goukou | Western Cape | at Stilbaai |  | Is more an Estuary, see List of estuaries of South Africa |
| De Hoop Vlei | Western Cape | northeast of Cape Aghulas | 34°27′13″S 20°23′36″E / 34.45361°S 20.39333°E / -34.45361; 20.39333 | see Cape Aghulas Lakes |
| Heuningnes | Western Cape | north of Cape Aghulas | 34°42′31″S 19°58′51″E / 34.70861°S 19.98083°E / -34.70861; 19.98083 | see Cape Aghulas Lakes |
| Vogelvlei | Western Cape | north of Cape Aghulas | 34°40′0″S 19°52′44″E / 34.66667°S 19.87889°E / -34.66667; 19.87889 | see Cape Aghulas Lakes |
| Lake Applethwaite | Western Cape | east of Gordon's Bay | 34°11′45″S 18°59′16″E / 34.19583°S 18.98778°E / -34.19583; 18.98778 |  |
| Lang Vlei | Western Cape | near Cape Town | 34°2′S 18°28′E / 34.033°S 18.467°E / -34.033; 18.467 | see Cape Town Lakes |
| Little Princess Vlei | Western Cape | near Cape Town | 34°2′S 18°28′E / 34.033°S 18.467°E / -34.033; 18.467 | see Cape Town Lakes |
| Sandvlei | Western Cape | near Cape Town | 34°5′S 18°28′E / 34.083°S 18.467°E / -34.083; 18.467 | see Cape Town Lakes |
| Sirkelsvlei | Western Cape | near Cape Town | 34°16′S 18°24′E / 34.267°S 18.400°E / -34.267; 18.400 | see Cape Town Lakes |
| Noordhoek Sout Pan | Western Cape | south of Cape Town | 34°7′S 18°22′E / 34.117°S 18.367°E / -34.117; 18.367 | see Cape Town Lakes \[B\] |
| Noordhoek Lagoon | Western Cape | south of Cape Town |  | is more a Lagoon, see list of lagoons of South Africa |
| Kommetjie Lagoon | Western Cape | south of Cape Town |  | is more a Lagoon, see list of lagoons of South Africa |
| Wildevoelvlei | Western Cape | south of Cape Town | 34°8′S 18°21′E / 34.133°S 18.350°E / -34.133; 18.350 | see Cape Town Lakes |
| Zeekoevlei | Western Cape | near Cape Town, northeast of Fish Hoek | 34°3′S 18°30′E / 34.050°S 18.500°E / -34.050; 18.500 | see Cape Town Lakes |
| Rondevlei | Western Cape | near Cape Town, northeast of Fish Hoek | 34°3′43″S 18°29′53″E / 34.06194°S 18.49806°E / -34.06194; 18.49806 | see Cape Town Lakes |
| Zandvlei | Western Cape | near Cape Town, northeast of Fish Hoek | 34°5′5″S 18°28′5″E / 34.08472°S 18.46806°E / -34.08472; 18.46806 | see Cape Town Lakes |

* **A** **^**  Subterranean lake
* **B** **^**  The name *Sout Pan* literally translates as *Salt Pan*, but the lake is not used to harvest salt.


title: 1985–86 Sharjah Cup

abstract: The 1985 Rothmans Sharjah Cup was held in Sharjah, UAE, between November 15–22, 1985. Three national teams took part: India, Pakistan and West Indies. The 1985 Rothmans Sharjah Cup was a round-robin tournament where each team played the other once. West Indies won both its matches, winning the Rothmans Cup and US$50,000. Pakistan came second while India lost both its matches. Player of the Series Richie Richardson won US$3,000 and a car.

text:
# 1985–86 Sharjah Cup

The **1985 Rothmans Sharjah Cup** was held in Sharjah, UAE, between November 15–22, 1985. Three national teams took part: India, Pakistan and West Indies.

The 1985 Rothmans Sharjah Cup was a round-robin tournament where each team played the other once. West Indies won both its matches, winning the Rothmans Cup and US$50,000. Pakistan came second while India lost both its matches. Player of the Series Richie Richardson won US$3,000 and a car.

## Matches

### Table

| Team | P | W | L | T | NR | RR | Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| West Indies | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4.494 | 4 |
| Pakistan | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4.433 | 2 |
| India | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3.911 | 0 |

* Pakistan won the toss and elected to bat.
* AH Gray (WIN) made his ODI debut.

---

* India won the toss and elected to field.

---

* India won the toss and elected to bat.
* Frindall, Bill (1997). *Limited-Overs International Cricket – The Complete Record*. Headline Book Publishing. ISBN 0-7472-1173-6.
* Cricket Archive: Rothmans Sharjah Cup 1985/86
* ESPNCricinfo: Rothmans Sharjah Cup, 1985/86
* Wisden Cricketers’ Almanack 1987: Sharjah Challenge Cup, 1985-86

## InfoBox

1985 Rothmans Sharjah Cup
| Cricket format | One Day International |
| --- | --- |
| Tournament format(s) | Round-robin |
| Host(s) | United Arab Emirates |
| Champions | West Indies |
| Runners-up | Pakistan |
| Participants | 3 |
| Matches | 3 |
| Player of the series | RB Richardson |
| Most runs | RB Richardson (171) |
| Most wickets | Mudassar Nazar (3)
Tauseef Ahmed (3)
J Garner (3) |


title: Timanophon

abstract: Timanophon is an extinct genus of procolophonine procolophonid parareptile from early Triassic deposits of Arkhangelsk, Russia. It is known from the holotype PIN 3359/11, a partial skeleton including nearly complete skull and lower jaw which was previously referred to Burtensia sp. by Ivakhnenko in 1975. It was collected in the Mezenskaya Pizhma and Lower Syamzhen'ga localities from the Pizhmomezenskoi Formation. Ten additional specimens from the same localities are PIN 3359/1-3, 3359/63-65 and 4364/35-38. The fragmentary dentaries PIN 3360/1-3 were collected in the Vybor River locality, from the same formation. All specimens came from the Ustmylian Gorizont, dating to the early Olenekian faunal stage of the Early Triassic, about 249-247 million years ago. It was first named by I. V. Novikov in 1991 and the type species is Timanophon raridentatus.

text:
# Timanophon

***Timanophon*** is an extinct genus of procolophonine procolophonid parareptile from early Triassic deposits of Arkhangelsk, Russia. It is known from the holotype PIN 3359/11, a partial skeleton including nearly complete skull and lower jaw which was previously referred to *Burtensia* sp. by Ivakhnenko in 1975. It was collected in the Mezenskaya Pizhma and Lower Syamzhen'ga localities from the Pizhmomezenskoi Formation. Ten additional specimens from the same localities are PIN 3359/1-3, 3359/63-65 and 4364/35-38. The fragmentary dentaries PIN 3360/1-3 were collected in the Vybor River locality, from the same formation. All specimens came from the Ustmylian Gorizont, dating to the early Olenekian faunal stage of the Early Triassic, about 249-247 million years ago. It was first named by I. V. Novikov in 1991 and the type species is *Timanophon raridentatus*.

## InfoBox

| *Timanophon*
Temporal range: Early Triassic, | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| *Clade*: | Parareptilia |
| Order: | Procolophonomorpha |
| Family: | Procolophonidae |
| Subfamily: | Procolophoninae |
| Genus: | *Timanophon*
Novikov, 1991 |
|
| Type species | |
| ***Timanophon raridentatus***
Novikov, 1991 | |


title: PFL Europe 4 (2023)

abstract: PFL Europe 4 was a mixed martial arts event produced by the Professional Fighters League that took place on December 8, 2023, at 3Arena in Dublin, Ireland.

text:
# PFL Europe 4 (2023)

***PFL Europe 4*** was a mixed martial arts event produced by the Professional Fighters League that took place on December 8, 2023, at 3Arena in Dublin, Ireland.

## Background

The event featured the finals of four divisions in the PFL Europe 2023 season. A non-tournament lightweight bout between Andreeas Binder and Daniele Scatizzi was schedule for the undercard but was cancelled.

## Results

| Main card (DAZN) | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Weight class |  |  |  | Method | Round | Time | Notes |
| Featherweight | Nathan Kelly | def. | Dimitry Solimeis | Submission (rear-naked choke) | 1 | 4:47 |  |
| Bantamweight | Khurshed Kakhorov | def. | Frans Mlambo | TKO (punches) | 2 | 2:32 |  |
| Lightweight | Jakub Kaszuba | def. | John Mitchell | TKO (punches) | 2 | 3:07 |  |
| Lightweight | Dylan Tuke | def. | Yazid Chouchane | Submission (rear-naked choke) | 2 | 2:36 |  |
| Women's Flyweight | Dakota Ditcheva | def. | Valentina Scatizzi | TKO (doctor stoppage) | 1 | 5:00 |  |
| Light Heavyweight | Jakob Nedoh | def. | Simeon Powell | TKO (punches) | 2 | 1:16 |  |
| Bantamweight | Weslley Maia | def. | Lewis McGrillen-Evans | Decision (unanimous) (29–28, 29–28, 29–28) | 3 | 5:00 |  |
| Featherweight | Brett Johns | def. | David Tonatiuh Crol | TKO (punches) | 3 | 3:09 |  |
| Light Heavyweight | Tom Breese | def. | Cleiton Silva | Submission (rear-naked choke) | 1 | 3:30 |  |
| Bantamweight | Kikadze Bondo | def. | Dominique Wooding | Decision (unanimous) (29–26, 29–27, 29–27) | 3 | 5:00 |  |
| Lightweight | Connor Hughes | def. | Sebastian Santana Guedes | TKO (retirement) | 1 | 5:00 |  |
| Amateur bouts | | | | | | | |
| Flyweight | Nate Kelly | def. | Calum Seaton | Submission (anaconda choke) | 2 | 0:51 |  |

## Brackets

### Light Heavyweight

1. Er-Ramy wasn not medically cleared and was replaced by Daniel Ladero

### Lightweight

1. Officially a Unanimous decision victory for Duque, Chizov advanced due to the weight miss by Duque
2. Chizov missed weight and was replaced by Geysim Derouiche

### Bantamweight

1. Francesco Nuzzi pulled out of the bout and was replaced by Moktar Benkaci

### Women's Flyweight

1. Griet Eeckhout pulled out of the bout and was replaced by Manuela Marconetto
2. Marconetto missed weight and Scatizzi therefore got a bye to the finals
1. writer, Planet Sport (2023-10-24). "PFL Europe: Seven Irish fighters feature on Dublin card as John Mitchell and Frans Mlambo headline". *PlanetSportcom*. Retrieved 2023-10-27.
2. Stevenson, Andy (2023-10-24). "Andreeas Binder vs Daniele Scatizzi Added to PFL Dublin, More Irish Fighters Announced". *SevereMMA.com - UFC, Mixed Martial Arts (MMA), Irish MMA*. Retrieved 2023-10-27.
3. Mike Heck (July 6, 2023). "Cedric Doumbe to make promotional debut in PFL Paris main event in September". mmafighting.com.

## InfoBox

| PFL Europe 4 | |
| --- | --- |
| The poster for PFL Europe 4 | |
| Promotion | Professional Fighters League |
| Date | December 8, 2023 |
| Venue | 3Arena |
| City | Dublin, Ireland |
| Event chronology | |
| PFL 10 PFL Europe 4 PFL vs. Bellator | |


title: North Philadelphia East

abstract: North Philadelphia East is a neighborhood that is located in the eastern central part of North Philadelphia section of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.

text:
# North Philadelphia East

**North Philadelphia East** is a neighborhood that is located in the eastern central part of North Philadelphia section of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.

## History and notable features

North Philadelphia East is a section of North Philadelphia that is situated on the eastern side of North Broad St, which is bordered by Vine St in the south, West Erie Avenue in the north and North Front Street in the east. North Philadelphia/East is bordered by the neighborhoods of Kensington, Center City, North Philadelphia/West and Hunting Park. North Central, Philadelphia is west of North Philadelphia East.

Poplar is bounded roughly by Girard Avenue to the north, North Broad Street to the west, Spring Garden Street to the south, and 5th Street to the east.

The Ludlow neighborhood is bordered by Girard Avenue to the south and Cecil B. Moore Avenue to the north between 5th Street and 9th Street.

Yorktown is located north of Poplar and west of Ludlow. The James R. Ludlow School and William H. Harrison School were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.

In 2013, the neighborhood with the 19133 zip code located in North Philadelphia East has "among the city's highest rates of people living with HIV and AIDS." Of the people living with HIV and AIDS in the region, 52.93% are Hispanic, 39.83% are black and 7.24% are white. In 2011, the poverty rate in the region was 56.4%, almost double the average in Philadelphia that year.

## Demographics

North Philadelphia/East is home to a majority of Philadelphia's Latino community. The community is "rich in arts and culture".

In March 2018, the section had a 24.05% unemployment rate with 48.97% living in poverty.

39°59′07″N 75°08′50″W / 39.9853°N 75.1471°W / 39.9853; -75.1471

## InfoBox

| North Philadelphia East | |
| --- | --- |
| Neighborhood of Philadelphia | |
|  | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Pennsylvania |
| County | Philadelphia |
| City | Philadelphia |
| Area code(s) | 215, 267 and 445 |


title: Osaka Municipal Central Gymnasium

abstract: Osaka Municipal Central Gymnasium, also known as the Asue Arena Osaka (Asueアリーナ大阪) for sponsorship reasons, is an indoor sporting arena located in Minato-ku, Osaka City, Osaka Prefecture, Japan. The arena was opened on 1996. From 1 March 2018 onwards, the arena was named as Maruzen Intec Arena Osaka (丸善インテックアリーナ大阪) after Maruzen Intec secured naming rights for the arena. The name was changed to the current one in 2022 as Maruzen Intec renamed their company as Asue. This arena was built in Yahataya Park in the Osaka Bay area. The arena is all underground and the roof is covered with planting.

text:
# Osaka Municipal Central Gymnasium

**Osaka Municipal Central Gymnasium** (大阪市中央体育館, *Ōsaka-shi Chūō Taiikukan*), also known as the **Asue Arena Osaka** (Asueアリーナ大阪) for sponsorship reasons, is an indoor sporting arena located in Minato-ku, Osaka City, Osaka Prefecture, Japan. The arena was opened on 1996. From 1 March 2018 onwards, the arena was named as **Maruzen Intec Arena Osaka** (丸善インテックアリーナ大阪) after Maruzen Intec secured naming rights for the arena. The name was changed to the current one in 2022 as Maruzen Intec renamed their company as Asue.

This arena was built in Yahataya Park in the Osaka Bay area. The arena is all underground and the roof is covered with planting.

## History

* June 1993 - Start to construction.
* April 1996 - Finish to construction.

### Naming history

## Uses

The arena hosted several matches for the Women's Volleyball World Championship for its 1998, 2006, and 2010 editions.

B.League team Osaka Evessa (basketball team) holds home games at the Ookini Arena Maishima, but Osaka Evessa may also hold home games at the Osaka Municipal Central Gymnasium.

F.League team Shriker Osaka (futsal team) holds home games at the Osaka Municipal Central Gymnasium.

## Facilities

Main Arena * Floor size - 46 m × 77 m (3,580 m2)
* Height - 19 m
* Full arena - 16,000 people
* Capacity - 10,000 people
* Fixed seats - 5,932 seats
* Movable seats - 1,390 seats

Sub Arena * Pitch size - 35 m × 38 m (1,540 m2)
* Height - 12.5 m
* Fixed seats - 188 seats

## Access

34°39′33.70″N 135°26′40.60″E / 34.6593611°N 135.4446111°E / 34.6593611; 135.4446111

## InfoBox

Osaka Municipal Central Gymnasium
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | Minato-ku, Osaka City, Osaka Prefecture, Japan |
| Public transit | Asashiobashi Station |
| Owner | Osaka City |
| Operator | Osaka Sports Green Foundation |
| Capacity | 10,000 Seats
16,000 Full Arena/Concerts |
| Construction | |
| Opened | 1996 |
| Architect | Osaka City, Nikken Sekkei |
| Main contractors | Obayashi Corporation, Nishimatsu Construction, Asanuma Corporation |
| Website | |
| http://www.yahataya-park.jp/osaka\_arena/index.html | |


title: Urban Eden

abstract: Urban Eden is a pressure group based in Milton Keynes, England, formed in 2006. The group states that its aim is to "promote a sustainable expansion to the original masterplan for Milton Keynes". In recent years the expansion of Milton Keynes has moved away from the original design principles of the city; Urban Eden campaigns against this trend, pressuring for new developments to remain true to the original vision for the new city. As of 2009 the group says that it has over one hundred members, including a number of professional engineers and town planners, as well as some former employees of the Milton Keynes Development Corporation.

text:
# Urban Eden

**Urban Eden** is a pressure group based in Milton Keynes, England, formed in 2006. The group states that its aim is to "promote a sustainable expansion to the original masterplan for Milton Keynes". In recent years the expansion of Milton Keynes has moved away from the original design principles of the city; Urban Eden campaigns against this trend, pressuring for new developments to remain true to the original vision for the new city. As of 2009 the group says that it has over one hundred members, including a number of professional engineers and town planners, as well as some former employees of the Milton Keynes Development Corporation.

## Campaigns

According to their main website, Urban Eden's main campaign focuses can be broadly summarised to the following:

The first two of these points are expanded below.

## The grid system

One of Urban Eden's primary goals is the continued expansion of the Milton Keynes grid road system. The system, unique in the UK, is based around a grid layout of national speed limit, landscaped roads, many of them dual carriageways, situated on average 1 km apart. The original grid roads were designed to take extraneous traffic between neighborhoods rather than through them. The current plans for the expansion of Milton Keynes do not extend this system, instead constructing 30 miles per hour (48 km/h) roads that Milton Keynes Partnership describe as 'city streets', which form the spine roads of the new districts. The group argues that these city streets do not provide sufficient room for future expansion, restrict pedestrian, cycle and car movement and are dangerous. They argue that the grid system, with its lack of frontage development and its regular pedestrian/cycle underpasses, provides a much safer pedestrian/cycle environment and allows all modes of transport to move more freely. On the other hand, Milton Keynes Partnership argue that the grid system may not be the most sustainable transport system for the expansion areas, and creates a barrier effect between residential areas.

## Building density

Milton Keynes, from its conception in 1967, has always been a low-density city. Notwithstanding the various areas of parkland dotted around the city, the residential districts themselves are laid out with generous amounts of open space for a British settlement. However, as is the current policy across the UK, developments have tended towards higher densities over the last decade. Recently Central Milton Keynes has seen the construction of tower blocks, something which was excluded in the original city masterplan. New districts such as Broughton have been built to much higher densities than ever before seen in Milton Keynes. Milton Keynes Partnership, a subsidiary of Homes and communities agency and the organisation in control of the expansion of Milton Keynes, argues that higher densities are necessary to deliver high-quality transport systems and meet housing targets. Urban Eden argues that the high-density districts have the potential to become "instant slums" and are out of place in a city which has always been built at a low density. High-density districts are now being built in many towns and cities across the country, and this debate is not limited to Milton Keynes.

## Urban Eden in local media

The group's activities have attracted much attention from the local media, as well as a small amount of national media attention. The group's chairman, Theo Chalmers, writes a monthly column for a local business magazine on the matters campaigned on by the group. In 2006, the group ran a two-page article in the MK Citizen named "plane crash", describing the cutting of the plane trees in Central Milton Keynes. All in all the group's efforts have resulted in much debate within the Milton Keynes, and their campaigns have drawn the attention of local and regional planning bodies. At least one development within Milton Keynes, the former Millennium Community at Oakgrove, was changed to protect a stretch of grid road that was proposed to be downgraded, although it is unclear as to whether or not this was a result of Urban Eden's campaigning.


title: 1991 Internazionali Cassa di Risparmio

abstract: The 1991 Internazionali Cassa di Risparmio, also known as the Bologna Open, was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the Cierrebi Club in Bologna in Italy and was part of the World Series of the 1991 ATP Tour. It was the seventh edition of the tournament and was held from 20 May until 26 May 1991. Unseeded Paolo Canè, who entered the main draw on a wildcard, won the singles title.

text:
# 1991 Internazionali Cassa di Risparmio

The **1991 Internazionali Cassa di Risparmio**, also known as the Bologna Open, was a men's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts at the Cierrebi Club in Bologna in Italy and was part of the World Series of the 1991 ATP Tour. It was the seventh edition of the tournament and was held from 20 May until 26 May 1991. Unseeded Paolo Canè, who entered the main draw on a wildcard, won the singles title.

## Finals

### Singles

Paolo Canè defeated  Jan Gunnarsson 5–7, 6–3, 7–5

* It was Canè's only singles title of the year and the 3rd and last of his career.

### Doubles

Luke Jensen /  Laurie Warder defeated  Luiz Mattar /  Jaime Oncins 6–4, 7–6

* It was Jensen's 3rd doubles title of the year and the 5th of his career. It was Warder's 2nd doubles title of the year and the 8th of his career.

## InfoBox

| 1991 Internazionali Cassa di Risparmio | |
| --- | --- |
| Date | 20–26 May |
| Edition | 7th |
| Category | World Series |
| Draw | 32S / 16D |
| Prize money | $225,000 |
| Surface | Clay / outdoor |
| Location | Bologna, Italy |
| Venue | Cierrebi Club |
| Champions | |
| Singles | |
| Paolo Canè | |
| Doubles | |
| Luke Jensen /  Laurie Warder | |
|  | |


title: William Winlaw

abstract:
William Winlaw was an 18th-century English agricultural machinery inventor and manufacturer with a factory in Margaret Street, Cavendish Square, London. Winlaw produced machine equipment and implements used in agriculture and husbandry. He invented and patented many new machines and pieces of equipment in the late 18th century. Examples include:
  - A mill for separating grain from corn
  - A spring and index fixed to a whippletree
  - A syringe for watering plants or flowers At the time of his death in 1796, William Winlaw was described as the "Engine-maker to the Prince of Wales and Duke of Clarence", namely Prince George (1762–1830), later King George IV, and Duke William (1765–1837), later King William IV. Winlaw's Will is held by the National Archives in the United Kingdom.

text:
# William Winlaw

**William Winlaw** was an 18th-century English agricultural machinery inventor and manufacturer with a factory in Margaret Street, Cavendish Square, London.

Winlaw produced machine equipment and implements used in agriculture and husbandry. He invented and patented many new machines and pieces of equipment in the late 18th century. Examples include:

At the time of his death in 1796, William Winlaw was described as the "Engine-maker to the Prince of Wales and Duke of Clarence", namely Prince George (1762–1830), later King George IV, and Duke William (1765–1837), later King William IV. Winlaw's Will is held by the National Archives in the United Kingdom.

## Machinery by William Winlaw

The following are some machines and implements used in agriculture and husbandry, made by William Winlaw:


# List of listed buildings in Golspie, Highland

This is a list of listed buildings in the parish of Golspie in Highland, Scotland.

## List

## Key

The scheme for classifying buildings in Scotland is:

* **Category A**: "buildings of national or international importance, either architectural or historic; or fine, little-altered examples of some particular period, style or building type."
* **Category B**: "buildings of regional or more than local importance; or major examples of some particular period, style or building type, which may have been altered."
* **Category C**: "buildings of local importance; lesser examples of any period, style, or building type, as originally constructed or moderately altered; and simple traditional buildings which group well with other listed buildings."

In March 2016 there were 47,288 listed buildings in Scotland. Of these, 8% were Category A, and 50% were Category B, with the remaining 42% being Category C.

1. "What is Listing?". Historic Environment Scotland. Retrieved 29 May 2018.
2. *Scotland's Historic Environment Audit 2016* (PDF). Historic Environment Scotland and the Built Environment Forum Scotland. pp. 15–16. Retrieved 29 May 2018.


abstract: The 1998 New Hampshire Republican presidential primary took place on February 16, 1988, as one of the Republican Party's statewide nomination contests ahead of the 1988 United States presidential election. George H. W. Bush won with 37.7% of the vote, finishing 9.2 percentage points ahead of his nearest competitor, Bob Dole.

text:
# 1988 New Hampshire Republican presidential primary

The **1998 New Hampshire Republican presidential primary** took place on February 16, 1988, as one of the Republican Party's statewide nomination contests ahead of the 1988 United States presidential election. George H. W. Bush won with 37.7% of the vote, finishing 9.2 percentage points ahead of his nearest competitor, Bob Dole.

## Details

After being dealt a crushing third pace finish in the Iowa Caucuses behind Kansas senator Bob Dole and televangelist Pat Robertson, Vice President George H. W. Bush appeared to be in trouble. His momentum had collapsed after falling short in a state he won in 1980, and his lead in new Hampshire had collapsed. However, the Bush campaign responded by running television commercials portraying Dole as a tax raiser, while Governor John H. Sununu stumped for Bush - enabling a victory by the incumbent Vice President.

Regaining footing with his win in New Hampshire, Bush's organizational strength and fundraising lead were impossible for the other candidates to match as the primaries went into multiple states across the country. Bush was resoundingly elected as the Republican nominee, and went on to win the general election against Democrat Michael Dukakis.

## InfoBox

1988 New Hampshire Republican presidential primary
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Candidate **George H. W. Bush** Bob Dole Jack Kemp  Home state Texas Kansas New York  Popular vote **59,290** 44,797 20,114  Percentage **37.7%** 28.5% 12.8%   ---  Candidate Pete du Pont Pat Robertson  Home state Delaware Virginia  Popular vote 15,885 14,775  Percentage 10.1% 9.4% | |
| ---  Results by county
**Bush:**      30-40%      40-50%
**Dole:**      30-40% | |


title: Timangarh

abstract: Timan Garh is a historical fort of the Karauli State, situated near Masalpur in Karauli District on old Agra-Karauli highway Indian state of Rajasthan. The ASI, State Government and Central Government of India have taken no steps to preserve this fort and as a result, its about 50 temples have been destroyed and dug up by local villagers.

text:
# Timangarh

**Timan Garh** is a historical fort of the Karauli State, situated near Masalpur in Karauli District on old Agra-Karauli highway Indian state of Rajasthan.

The ASI, State Government and Central Government of India have taken no steps to preserve this fort and as a result, its about 50 temples (10 large) have been destroyed and dug up by local villagers.

## History

The Timangarh fort was earlier known as **Tribhuvangiri**, **Tahangarh**, and **Tawangarh**. It was commissioned by the local ruler Tahanpal (also called Tribhuvanpala or Tawanpal) of the Jadaun clan of Rajput, who probably reigned during 1093-1140, and whose family claimed descent from the legendary king Yadu. His father Vijayapal had moved from Mathura to Mani Hills near Bayana after facing frequent invasions, including that of Mahmud of Ghazni. Vijayapal ruled from Vijayagarh, a fort that he had repaired, and was killed in a conflict with the Ghaznavids. Subsequently, his successors ruled from Timangarh.

Timangarh became a major center of Shaivism, especially that of the Pashupata sect during the 12th century. Several Jain texts also mention it as a prosperous center of learning and temples.

One of Tahanpal's successors - Kumarapal (alias Kunwarpal) - lost the fort to Muhammad of Ghor. According to Hasan Nizami's *Tajul-Ma'asir*, which calls the fort "Thangar" (a corruption of "Tahangarh"), Muhammad spared the life of Kumarapal, and appointed Bahauddin Tughril as the administrator of the fort. Minhaj-i Siraj Juzjani's *Tabaqat-i Nasiri*, which calls the fort "Thankar", confirms this account. Kumarapal's successors were reduced to the status of fief holders. The Jadon rulers of Karauli State claim descended from them.

The fort remained an important military outpost and administrative centre of the Delhi Sultanate and the Mughal Empire. Alexander Cunningham, the founder of the Archaeological Survey of India, surveyed the fort in 1882-1883. According to local lore, several idols from different places were brought and buried here to prevent their desecration by Muslim invaders. Soon after the independence of India in 1947, illegal excavators - including former royal families - smuggled away many ancient idols from the site. In 1985, smugglers brought helicopters and took away several artefacts with help of local residents.

Vinod Kumar Singh of Indian History Congress surveyed the fort in 1993 and 1998, noting several ruined structures and four Sanskrit-language inscriptions not recorded by Cunningham. He could not trace two Persian-language inscriptions and a mosque recorded by Cunningham.

## Architecture

This Fort is spread over an area of 51.5 hectares approximately. Earlier, it was a very huge Fort, but now it is in a ruined state. It originally had five entrances to which some more gates were added by the Mughals. The gates built later on have stone blocks of different colors and variety and some stones slabs have writings on them. The remains of an ancient township with palaces, bazaars, houses and Temples can be seen inside the Fort Complex. The rooftops and the pillars of these structures are adorned with geometrical, religious and flower-patterned carvings. The sculptures of Gods and Goddesses and their tantric counterparts also adorn these pillars. The idols recovered from the area belong to Hindu, Jain community and are mostly of Lord Ganesha and Lord Vishnu.

## InfoBox

| Timangarh Fort | |
| --- | --- |
| Rajasthan, India | |
| Timangarh | |
| Timangarh FortTimangarh Fort | |
| Coordinates | 26°42′18″N 77°15′36″E / 26.705°N 77.260°E / 26.705; 77.260 |


title: Paenochrobactrum

abstract: Paenochrobactrum is a genus of Gram-negative, oxidase-positive, non-spore-forming, nonmotile bacteria of the family Brucellaceae.

text:
# Paenochrobactrum

***Paenochrobactrum*** is a genus of Gram-negative, oxidase-positive, non-spore-forming, nonmotile bacteria of the family Brucellaceae.

## InfoBox

| *Paenochrobactrum* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Bacteria |
| Phylum: | Pseudomonadota |
| Class: | Alphaproteobacteria |
| Order: | Hyphomicrobiales |
| Family: | Brucellaceae |
| Genus: | ***Paenochrobactrum***
Kämpfer et al. 2010 |
|
| Type species | |
| *Paenochrobactrum gallinarii*
 | |
| Species | |
| *P. gallinarii*
*P. glaciei*
*P. pullorum* | |


# Norway at the 2024 European Athletics Championships

Athletes from the Norway competed at the 2024 European Athletics Championships in the Stadio Olimpico in Rome, Italy from 7 to 12 June 2024.

## Medallists

| Medal | Name | Event | Date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Gold | Jakob Ingebrigtsen | Men's 5000 metres | 8 June |
| Gold | Karoline Bjerkeli Grøvdal | Women's half marathon | 9 June |
| Gold | Karsten Warholm | Men's 400 metres hurdles | 11 June |
| Gold | Jakob Ingebrigtsen | Men's 1500 metres | 12 June |
| Silver | Karoline Bjerkeli Grøvdal | Women's 5000 metres | 7 June |
| Silver | Sander Skotheim | Men's decathlon | 11 June |
| Bronze | Marie-Therese Obst | Women's javelin throw | 11 June |

## Results

Norway entered the following athletes.

Key * **Q** = Qualified for the next round
* **q** = Qualified for the next round as a fastest loser *or*, in field events, by position without achieving the qualifying target
* **DNS** = Did not start
* **DNF** = Did not finish
* = Round not applicable for the event
* **CR** = Championship record
* **EM35R** = European masters over-35 record
* **PB** = Personal best
* **WL** = World leading result
* **EL** = European leading result
* **EU23L** = European under-23 leading result
* **SB** = Season best

### Men

Track and road events

| Athlete | Event | Heat | | Semifinal | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Mathias Hove Johansen | 200 metres | 21.21 | 21 | Did not advance | | | |
| Andreas Grimerud | 400 metres | 45.90 =PB | 13 **q** | 46.25 | 23 | Did not advance | |
| Håvard Bentdal Ingvaldsen | | Bye | 45.37 SB | 11 | Did not advance | |
| Tobias Grønstad | 800 metres | 1:46.39 | 18 | Did not advance | | | |
| Ole Jakob Solbu | | 1:46.16 | 13 **Q** | 1:45.59 | 5 **q** | 1:51.33 | 8 |
| **Jakob Ingebrigtsen** | 1500 metres | 3:37.65 | 1 **Q** |  | 3:31.95 CR |  |
| Narve Gilje Nordås | | 3:46.15 | 12 |  | Did not advance | |
| Henrik Ingebrigtsen | 5000 metres |  | 13:52.71 | 25 |
| **Jakob Ingebrigtsen** | |  | 13:20.11 SB |  |
| Narve Gilje Nordås | |  | 13:26.91 SB | 11 |
| Per Svela | |  | 13:38.72 | 21 |
| Bjørnar Sandnes Lillefosse | 10,000 metres |  | 29:47.03 SB | 37 |
| Weldu Negash Gebretsadik | Half marathon |  | 1:05:54 SB | 44 |
| Awet Nftalem Kibrab | |  | DNF | |
| Zerei Kbrom Mezngi | |  | 1:03:32 | 26 |
| Sondre Nordstad Moen | |  | 1:02:03 | 12 |
| Weldu Negash Gebretsadik
Awet Nftalem Kibrab
Zerei Kbrom Mezngi
Sondre Nordstad Moen | Half marathon team |  | 3:11:29 | 6 |
| Vladimir Vukicevic | 110 metres hurdles | 13.93 | 17 | Did not advance | | | |
| **Karsten Warholm** | 400 metres hurdles | Bye | 48.75 | 8 **Q** | 46.98 CR |  |
| Jacob Boutera | 3000 metres steeplechase | 8:38.22 | 10 |  | Did not advance | |
| Tom Erling Kårbø | | 8:39.99 | 12 |  | Did not advance | |
| Fredrik Sandvik | | 8:28.47 SB | 9 |  | Did not advance | |

Field events

| Athlete | Event | Qualification | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Distance | Position | Distance | Position |
| Simen Guttormsen | Pole vault | 5.45 | 17 | Did not advance | |
| Pål Haugen Lillefosse | | DNS | | | |
| Ingar Bratseth-Kiplesund | Long jump | 7.82 SB | 19 | Did not advance | |
| Henrik Flåtnes | | 7.58 | 26 | Did not advance | |
| Marcus Thomsen | Shot put | 20.69 | 2 **q** | 20.42 | 8 |
| Ola Stunes Isene | Discus throw | 58.03 | 29 | Did not advance | |
| Kasper Sagen | Javelin throw | 74.50 | 22 | Did not advance | |
| Eivind Henriksen | Hammer throw | 75.49 SB | 7 **q** | 76.51 SB | 7 |
| Thomas Mardal | | 71.16 | 28 | Did not advance | |

Combined events – Decathlon

| Athlete | Event | 100 m | LJ | SP | HJ | 400 m | 110H | DT | PV | JT | 1500 m | Final | Rank |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Markus Rooth | Result | 10.89 SB | 8.01 PB | 15.27 | 1.99 SB | 48.03 PB | 14.59 SB | 46.54 SB | 5.10 =PB | DNF | | | |
| | Points | 885 | 1063 | 806 | 794 | 908 | 900 | 799 | | 941 |
| **Sander Skotheim** | Result | 10.82 SB | 7.93 | 13.96 | 2.17 SB | 47.50 PB | 14.30 SB | 46.18 | 4.60 | 61.27 SB | 4:22.41 SB | 8635 EU23L |  |
| | Points | 901 | 1043 | 726 | 963 | 933 | 936 | 791 | 790 | 757 | | | 795 |

### Women

Track and road events

| Athlete | Event | Heat | | Semifinal | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Result | Rank | Result | Rank | Result | Rank |
| Henriette Jæger | 200 metres | Bye | 22.71 | 4 **Q** | 22.83 | 4 |
| Christine Bjelland Jensen | | 23.68 =SB | 21 | Did not advance | | | |
| Astri Ertzgaard | 400 metres | 52.78 | 16 **q** | 52.82 | 22 | Did not advance | |
| Ingeborg Østgård | 1500 metres | 4:12.73 | 11 |  | Did not advance | |
| Amalie Sæten | | 4:16.07 | 11 |  | Did not advance | |
| Kristine Eikrem Engeset | 5000 metres |  | 15:20.02 PB | 14 |
| **Karoline Bjerkeli Grøvdal** | |  | 14:38.62 SB |  |
| Amalie Sæten | |  | 15:17.41 PB | 11 |
| Hanne Mjøen Maridal | 10,000 metres |  | 32:50.62 PB | 17 |
| **Karoline Bjerkeli Grøvdal** | Half marathon |  | 1:08:09 CR |  |
| Hanne Mjøen Maridal | |  | 1:14:09 SB | 48 |
| Maria Sagnes Wågan | |  | 1:17:02 | 63 |
| Karoline Bjerkeli Grøvdal
Hanne Mjøen Maridal
Maria Sagnes Wågan | Half marathon team |  | 3:39:20 | 9 |
| Lovise Skarbøvik Andresen | 100 metres hurdles | 12.96 PB | 3 **q** | 12.89 PB | 11 | Did not advance | |
| Amalie Iuel | 400 metres hurdles | 56.23 | 12 **q** | 54.89 =SB | 10 | Did not advance | |
| Line Kloster | | Bye | 54.56 SB | 5 **Q** | 55.29 | 6 |
| Elisabeth Slettum | | 57.16 SB | 20 | Did not advance | | | |
| Josefine Tomine Eriksen
Astri Ertzgaard
Elisabeth Slettum
Amalie Iuel | 4 × 400 metres relay | 3:26.05 NR | 9 |  | Did not advance | |

Field events

| Athlete | Event | Qualification | | Final | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Distance | Position | Distance | Position |
| Kitty Friele Faye | Pole vault | 4.40 | 13 | Did not advance | |
| Lene Onsrud Retzius | | NM | | Did not advance | |
| Sigrid Borge | Javelin throw | 56.44 | 14 | Did not advance | |
| Marie-Therese Obst | | 61.45 | 1 **Q** | 63.50 PB |  |
| Beatrice Nedberge Llano | Hammer throw | 66.53 | 22 | Did not advance | |

## InfoBox

| Norway at the
2024 European Athletics Championships | |
| --- | --- |
| Flag of Norway | |
| WA code | NOR |
| National federation | Royal Dutch Athletics Federation |
| in Rome, Italy
7 June 2024 (2024-06-07) – 12 June 2022 (2022-06-12) | |
| Competitors | 51 (30 men and 21 women) |
| Medals
Ranked 4th | Gold 4 Silver 2 Bronze 1 Total 7 |
| European Athletics Championships appearances | |
|  | |
|


title: Orpheus (1818 ship)

abstract: Orpheus was a merchant ship launched in 1818. She spent most of her career trading between London and Smyrna. A new owner circa 1827 started sailing towards Valparaiso and Lima. Orpheus wrecked in October 1827.

text:
# Orpheus (1818 ship)

***Orpheus*** was a merchant ship launched in 1818. She spent most of her career trading between London and Smyrna. A new owner circa 1827 started sailing towards Valparaiso and Lima. *Orpheus* wrecked in October 1827.

## Career

*Orpheus* enters *Lloyd's Register* in 1819.

| Year | Master | Owner | Trade |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1819 | Christall | St Barbe | London
London—Smyrna |
| 1820 | Christall | Nichols & Co. | London—Smyrna |
|

On 11 and 12 November 1823 Constantinople suffered a severe gale that did material damage to the shipping in the port. *Orpheus*, Ford, master, suffered so much damage that she required important repairs.

| Year | Master | Owner | Trade |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1825 | B. Ford | Capt. & Co. | Plymouth—Smyrna |
| 1825 | B. Ford | Capt. & Co. | Plymouth—Smyrna |
| 1827 | B. Ford
Carter | Capt. & Co. | Plymouth—Smyrna
London—Cape Horn |
|

The *Register of Shipping* for 1828 gave *Orpheus*'s master and owner as Carter, and her trade as London—Lima.

## Fate

On 1 February 1828 *Lloyd's List* reported that *Orpheus*, Carter, master, had gone to pieces off the coast of South America. The mate and two crew drowned, but the master, his wife and child, and two passengers arrived at Monte Video. The wreck occurred on 28 October 1827 off the coast of South America. HMS *Cadmus* rescued the survivors.

## Citations

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| United Kingdom | |
| Name | *Orpheus* |
| Namesake | Orpheus |
| Owner | * 1818:John St Barbe & Co., London * 1820:Nichols & Co. * 1825:B. Ford * 1827:Carter |
| Builder | "Sthton" - possibly Southampton |
| Launched | 1818 |
| Fate | Wrecked 28 October 1827 |
| General characteristics | |
| Tons burthen | 137, 140, or 141 (bm) |
| Propulsion | Sail |
| Notes | Two decks |


title: Urban Diversion

abstract: Urban Diversion is a San Francisco Bay Area activities and adventures social club. Established in 2003, the company reportedly serves over 700 members and hosts and organizes 35-50 unique events each month in San Francisco, the East Bay, and the South Bay. Urban Diversion is an outlet for professionals in their 20s, 30s, and 40s to meet new people and try an eclectic range of activities.

text:
# Urban Diversion

**Urban Diversion** is a San Francisco Bay Area activities and adventures social club. Established in 2003, the company reportedly serves over 700 members and hosts and organizes 35-50 unique events each month in San Francisco, the East Bay, and the South Bay. Urban Diversion is an outlet for professionals in their 20s, 30s, and 40s to meet new people and try an eclectic range of activities.

## History

Urban Diversion is the brainchild of ex dot-com veterans Topher Thiessen and Lance Evander. They had a dream to turn a lifestyle of leisure and recreation into a business, where the priorities are having fun, experiencing adventures, and making new friends. Their main mission was to give young professionals an affordable way to enhance their social lives and free time.

The company features a members-only Clubhouse in San Francisco’s Fisherman's Wharf neighborhood, and two ski cabins on Lake Tahoe. Urban Diversion offers a wide variety of events ranging from hiking, kayaking, and camping weekends, to signature events like their Limo Scavenger Hunts and annual Pirate Ship Party. The Clubhouse boasts a Tiki-themed full bar, an entertainment room complete with in-house theater, TiVo, and full stereo system, and a main socializing and events room furnished with plush couches and a wide open window view. They also plan group international vacations to destinations such as Thailand, Costa Rica, Africa, and Europe.


title: 1991 Omloop Het Volk

abstract: The 1991 Omloop Het Volk was the 45th edition of the Omloop Het Volk cycle race and was held on 2 March 1991. The race started and finished in Ghent. The race was won by Andreas Kappes.

text:
# 1991 Omloop Het Volk

The **1991 Omloop Het Volk** was the 45th edition of the Omloop Het Volk cycle race and was held on 2 March 1991. The race started and finished in Ghent. The race was won by Andreas Kappes.

## General classification

| **Final general classification**  Rank Rider Time  1  Andreas Kappes (GER) 4h 46' 00"  2  Carlo Bomans (BEL) \+ 0"  3  Edwig Van Hooydonck (BEL) \+ 0"  4  Peter Huyghe (BEL) \+ 0"  5  Jelle Nijdam (NED) \+ 0"  6  Johan Museeuw (BEL) \+ 0"  7  Wilfried Nelissen (BEL) \+ 0"  8  Marc Sergeant (BEL) \+ 0"  9  Thierry Gouvenou (FRA) \+ 0"  10  Etienne De Wilde (BEL) \+ 0" |
| --- |

## InfoBox

1991 Omloop Het Volk
| Race details | |
| --- | --- |
| Dates | 2 March 1991 |
| Stages | 1 |
| Distance | 201 km (124.9 mi) |
| Winning time | 4h 46' 00" |
| Results | |
| Winner  Andreas Kappes (GER)  Second  Carlo Bomans (BEL)  Third  Edwig Van Hooydonck (BEL) | |
|