title: Mario Tennis Open

abstract: [lower-alpha 1] Mario Tennis Open is a 2012 Mario sports game developed by Camelot Software Planning and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo 3DS. The game was developed by Camelot, the company that produced most of the previous Mario Tennis titles. The game was first released on May 20, 2012 in North America and in other regions the same month. It was later released as a downloadable title on the Nintendo eShop in late 2012 and Nintendo Selects in 2015/2016. Like the earlier Mario Tennis titles, Mario Tennis Open incorporates characters, settings, and scenarios from the Mario franchise. Players can engage in standard tennis matches but also play special variants with different rules and objectives. Twenty-four distinct playable characters are available, each with special qualities that are used to the players' advantage. Mario Tennis Open is also the first Mario Tennis game to feature simultaneous online play, although region locked to the game's region. Mario Tennis Open received mixed to positive reviews, gaining aggregate scores of 69.54% on GameRankings and 69 on Metacritic.

text:
# Mario Tennis Open

***Mario Tennis Open*** is a 2012 *Mario* sports game developed by Camelot Software Planning and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo 3DS. The game was developed by Camelot, the company that produced most of the previous *Mario Tennis* titles. The game was first released on May 20, 2012 in North America and in other regions the same month. It was later released as a downloadable title on the Nintendo eShop in late 2012 and Nintendo Selects in 2015/2016.

Like the earlier *Mario Tennis* titles, *Mario Tennis Open* incorporates characters, settings, and scenarios from the *Mario* franchise. Players can engage in standard tennis matches but also play special variants with different rules and objectives. Twenty-four distinct playable characters are available, each with special qualities that are used to the players' advantage. *Mario Tennis Open* is also the first *Mario Tennis* game to feature simultaneous online play, although region locked to the game's region.

*Mario Tennis Open* received mixed to positive reviews, gaining aggregate scores of 69.54% on GameRankings and 69 on Metacritic.

## Gameplay

*Mario Tennis Open* features variants of tennis matches, played either in singles or doubles. Different shots (lobs, slices, and dropshots) can be executed with different button combinations or by selecting them from the Nintendo 3DS touch screen. In addition, the player can use the 3DS gyroscope to turn the in-game camera by rotating the entire console during gameplay. *Mario Tennis Open* does not feature any RPG elements, unlike the previous handheld games *Mario Tennis* and *Mario Tennis: Power Tour*.

*Mario Tennis Open* features twenty-four playable *Mario* characters, with four being unlocked by accomplishing specific tasks, and eight more being unlocked by scanning certain QR codes. Each character possesses a pre-determined skill, such as advantages in speed, offense, or defense. Mii characters saved in the Nintendo 3DS Mii Maker are also selectable. Unlike the *Mario* characters, Mii characters' skills vary and are customizable, determined by the tennis gear the player equips. The gear options are purchased using coins that are awarded after playing each game mode. However, costumes are obtained by completing certain objectives.

*Mario Tennis Open* supports both region locked online and local wireless multiplayer, allowing up to four players to play simultaneously on separate Nintendo 3DS consoles. When a player's Nintendo 3DS console comes in contact with another via StreetPass, he will be able to play against a computer-controlled opponent whose play style mimics that of the other player, provided that the other console also contains *Mario Tennis Open* save data.

## Reception

*Mario Tennis Open* has received mixed to positive reviews, with aggregate scores of 69.26 percent on GameRankings and 69 on Metacritic. *Nintendo Power* scored *Mario Tennis Open* 7.0 out of 10 in its May 2012 issue. *Game Informer* gave the game an 8 out of 10 while Nintendo World Report gave it a 7.5 out of 10.

As of August 12, 2012, the game has sold 280,000 copies in Japan. As of March 31, 2013, the game has worldwide sales of 1.11 million.

1. "*Mario Tennis Open* for North America on 20th May". *Nintendo Life*. February 22, 2012. Archived from the original on September 27, 2017. Retrieved February 22, 2012.
2. "*Mario Tennis Open* Launches 24th May in Japan". *Nintendo Life*. February 22, 2012. Archived from the original on September 27, 2017. Retrieved February 22, 2012.
3. "*Mario Tennis Open' Served to Europe on 25th May"*. *Nintendo Life*. February 22, 2012. Archived from the original on February 20, 2016. Retrieved February 22, 2012.
4. McFerran, Damien (2012-10-03). "More 3DS Download Titles Coming To Japan's eShop". *Nintendo Life*. Archived from the original on 2012-10-05. Retrieved 2012-10-04.
5. Drake, Audrey (7 March 2012). "*Mario Tennis Open*'s GDC Debut". *IGN.com*. Archived from the original on 11 April 2012. Retrieved 7 May 2012.
6. Dawson, James (14 April 2012). "*Mario Tennis Open*'s Lead Designer Explains the Lack of RPG Elements". Nintendo World Report. Archived from the original on 14 May 2012. Retrieved 8 May 2012.
7. Ronaghan, Neal (3 May 2012). "*Mario Tennis Open* Guide: Characters". Nintendo World Report. Archived from the original on 11 May 2012. Retrieved 7 May 2012.
8. Red, Carmine M. (5 April 2012). "*Mario Tennis Open*: Impressions". Nintendo World Report. Archived from the original on 11 May 2012. Retrieved 7 May 2012.
9. Drake, Audrey (5 April 2012). "Getting in the Swing of *Mario Tennis Open*". *IGN.com*. Archived from the original on 15 May 2012. Retrieved 8 May 2012.
10. "*Mario Tennis Open*". GameRankings. Archived from the original on 11 February 2017. Retrieved 8 January 2017.
11. "*Mario Tennis Open*". *Metacritic*. Archived from the original on 26 April 2024. Retrieved 22 May 2012.
12. Patterson, Eric L. (16 May 2012). "EGM Review: *Mario Tennis Open*". *Electronic Gaming Monthly*. Archived from the original on 23 May 2012. Retrieved 18 May 2012.
13. Minkley, Johnny (17 May 2012). "*Mario Tennis Open* Review". *Eurogamer*. Retrieved 18 May 2012.
14. RawmeatCowBoy (15 May 2012). "*Mario Tennis Open* Review Famitsu". Famitsu. Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 15 May 2012.
15. Helgeson, Matt (16 May 2012). "*Mario Tennis Open*". *Game Informer*. Archived from the original on May 18, 2012. Retrieved 18 May 2012.
16. Raze, Ashton (17 May 2012). "*Mario Tennis Open* Review". *GameSpot*. Archived from the original on 18 May 2012. Retrieved 18 May 2012.
17. Cooper, Hollander (10 May 2012). "*Mario Tennis Open* review". GamesRadar. Archived from the original on 19 June 2015. Retrieved 18 May 2012.
18. "*Mario Tennis Open*". GameTrailers. Retrieved 18 May 2012.
19. George, Richard (15 May 2012). "*Mario Tennis Open* Review". *IGN.com*. Archived from the original on 17 May 2012. Retrieved 18 May 2012.
20. Wahlgren, Jon (18 May 2012). "*Mario Tennis Open* Review". *Nintendo Life*. Archived from the original on 19 May 2012. Retrieved 20 May 2012.
21. "*Mario Tennis Open* Review". *Nintendo Power*. May 2012. p. 84.
22. Ronaghan, Neal (10 May 2012). "*Mario Tennis Open* Review". Nintendo World Report. Archived from the original on 13 May 2012. Retrieved 10 May 2012.
23. Dean, John (17 May 2012). "*Mario Tennis Open* review". *Official Nintendo Magazine*. Archived from the original on 20 May 2012. Retrieved 10 May 2012.
24. "「New スーパーマリオブラザーズ2」が首位返り咲き。また、ニンテンドー3DS本体の累計販売台数が700万台突破 （集計期間：2012年08月06日〜2012年08月12日）". *Famitsu* (in Japanese). ファミ通.com. 2012-08-15. Archived from the original on 2012-11-23. Retrieved 2012-08-15.
25. "Top Selling Software Units - Nintendo 3DS Software". *Nintendo*. Nintendo. 2013-03-31. Archived from the original on 2017-04-11. Retrieved 2013-04-24.

## InfoBox

| Mario Tennis Open | |
| --- | --- |
| Packaging artwork released for all territories | |
| Developer(s) | Camelot Software Planning |
| Publisher(s) | Nintendo |
| Director(s) | Shugo Takahashi |
| Producer(s) | Hiroyuki Takahashi
Shugo Takahashi |
| Designer(s) | Hiroyuki Takahashi
Shugo Takahashi |
| Artist(s) | Fumihide Aoki |
| Composer(s) | Motoi Sakuraba |
| Series | *Mario Tennis* |
| Platform(s) | Nintendo 3DS |
| Release |  |
| Genre(s) | Sports |
| Mode(s) | Single-player, multiplayer |


title: Lightsleeper

abstract: Lightsleeper, released 24 August 2018 is the first collaborative album by New Zealand father and son duo Neil Finn and Liam Finn. The album includes the track "Hold Her Close", gifted by the Finns to New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern on the occasion of the birth of Arden's first child.

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# Lightsleeper

Professional ratings
| Aggregate scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 68/100 |
| Review scores | |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *Paste* | 6.2/10 |
| *PopMatters* | 5/10 |

***Lightsleeper***, released 24 August 2018 is the first collaborative album by New Zealand father and son duo Neil Finn and Liam Finn.

The album includes the track "Hold Her Close", gifted by the Finns to New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern on the occasion of the birth of Arden's first child.

## Critical reception

Reviewing the album in *The New Zealand Herald*, Karl Puschmann wrote: "Each song is filled with little sonic details that are gradually revealed and melodies that take sudden turns to catch you off guard, but never sound anything less than completely natural and effortless." His verdict on the album was "Move aside Lennon/McCartney, we've got Finn/Finn."

## Singles

"Ghosts/Hold Her Close" and "Back to Life" were released as singles before the release of the album.

## Track listing

All songs were written by Neil Finn and Liam Finn, except where noted.

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Island of Peace - Prelude (Neil Finn)" | 2:44 |
| 2. | "Meet Me in the Air (Neil, Sharon, Liam & Elroy Finn)" | 4:42 |
| 3. | "Where's My Room" | 7:01 |
| 4. | "Anger Plays a Part (Liam Finn)" | 3:01 |
| 5. | "Listen (Neil Finn)" | 3:27 |
| 6. | "Any Other Way" | 3:49 |
| 7. | "Back to Life" | 4:09 |
| 8. | "Hiding Place" | 5:52 |
| 9. | "Ghosts" | 3:32 |
| 10. | "We Know What It Means" | 6:25 |
| 11. | "Hold Her Close" | 4:12 |

The 12-inch double vinyl features the additional track "Troubles"

## Personnel

* Neil Finn – vocals (tracks 1–10), piano (tracks 2–10), Wurlitzer (tracks 3–4, 10), acoustic guitar (tracks 7–8 and 10), electric guitar (tracks 3 and 7), bass (tracks 7, 9–10), ARP Strings (track 4), synth (tracks 1–3, 6–7, 11), slide guitar (track 7), Mellotron (track 10), beats (track 1), drum synthesizer (track 5), Drums (track 3 (3rd movement only))
* Liam Finn – vocals (all tracks), electric guitar (tracks 2–5, 7, 9–10), bass (track 3, 5–8), beats (track 3, 6–7), drums (tracks 4 (4th movement only), 9), acoustic guitar (tracks 4, 8, 10–11), synth (tracks 4, 6–8, 11), sound effects (tracks 5, 8, 10), samples (track 5), loops (track 10)
* Elroy Finn – drums (tracks 2, 7), percussion (track 3), slide guitar (track 10)
* Sharon Finn – bass (tracks 2, 10), vocals (track 9)
* Mick Fleetwood – drums (tracks 4, 6 and 10), percussion (track 6)
* Connan Mockasin – electric guitar (tracks 2–3, 6), choir (tracks 1, 7)
* Elias Dendias – bouzouki (track 7)
* Spiros Anemogianis – accordion (track 7)
* Barnes Family – choir (tracks 1, 7)
* Devo Finns – choir (tracks 1, 7)
* Jimmy Metherrell – choir (tracks 1, 7)
* Elliot Finn – vocals (track 2)
* Harper Finn – whisper (track 2)
* Matthew Eccles – percussion (track 2)
* Kody Nielson – drums (track 3 (2nd movement only))
* Victoria Kelly – string arrangements (tracks 3, 8, 11)

## Charts

| Chart (2018) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Australian Albums (ARIA) | 21 |
| Belgian Albums (Ultratop Flanders) | 180 |
| Dutch Albums (Album Top 100) | 146 |
| New Zealand Albums (RMNZ) | 8 |
| Scottish Albums (OCC) | 35 |
| UK Albums (OCC) | 83 |

## InfoBox

| Lightsleeper | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Neil Finn and Liam Finn | |
| Released | 24 August 2018 (2018-08-24) |
| Studio | Roundhead Studios, Auckland, New Zealand |
| Length | 48:57 |
| Label |  |
| Producer |  |
|  | |
| Neil Finn chronology | |
| *Out of Silence*
(2017) ***Lightsleeper***
(2018) | |
| Liam Finn chronology | |
| *The Nihilist*
(2014) ***Lightsleeper***
(2018) | |
|  | |


title: Total addressable market

abstract: Total addressable market (TAM), also called total available market, is a term that is typically used to reference the revenue opportunity available for a product or service. TAM helps prioritize business opportunities by serving as a quick metric of a given opportunity's underlying potential. One approach is to estimate how much of the market any company can gain if there were no competitors. A more encompassing variation is to estimate the market size that could theoretically be served with a specific product or service. TAM can be defined as a global total or, more commonly, a market that one specific company could serve. This focuses strategic marketing and sales efforts and addresses actual customer needs. The inclusion of constraints such as competition and distribution challenges then modifies the strategy to frame it with realistic boundaries, reducing the market down to the serviceable available market (SAM), the percentage of the market that can be served out of the TAM. This is occasionally referred to as PAU.

text:
# Total addressable market

**Total addressable market** (**TAM**), also called **total available market**, is a term that is typically used to reference the revenue opportunity available for a product or service. TAM helps prioritize business opportunities by serving as a quick metric of a given opportunity's underlying potential.

One approach is to estimate how much of the market any company can gain if there were no competitors. A more encompassing variation is to estimate the market size that could theoretically be served with a specific product or service. TAM can be defined as a global total (even if a particular company could not reach some of it) or, more commonly, a market that one specific company could serve (within realistic expansion scenarios). This focuses strategic marketing and sales efforts and addresses actual customer needs. The inclusion of constraints such as competition and distribution challenges then modifies the strategy to frame it with realistic boundaries, reducing the market down to the serviceable available market (SAM), the percentage of the market that can be served (either by that company or all providers) out of the TAM. This is occasionally referred to as PAU (Potential Active Use).

## Difference between TAM, SAM and SOM

Total addressable market (TAM), or total available market, is the total market demand for a product or service, calculated in annual revenue or unit sales if 100% of the available market is achieved.

Serviceable available market (SAM) is the portion of TAM that is reachable and can potentially be served by a company's products or services.

Serviceable obtainable market (SOM), share of market, or Target Market, is the percentage of SAM which is realistically reached.

For example, the total UK consumer expenditure on food in 2014, which is the **total addressable market** of food, was £198 billion (including catering, alcoholic drinks, non-alcoholic drinks and other foods). The **serviceable available market** for alcoholic drinks, which producers of alcoholic beverages target and serve, is £49 billion. Since the market for alcoholic drinks is not a monopoly, the **share of market** for a company producing alcoholic beverages can never reach 100% of SAM.

## Importance

The total addressable market shows the potential scale of the market. Estimating TAM is the first step for entrepreneurs to start up their business. It is important to estimate TAM objectively instead of exaggerating or underestimating this value with subjective attitudes, as it is vital to allocate a suitable market with potential growing capacity. Investors often tend to look for markets with high TAM values, showing confidence in such markets with great potential to increase demand for their products and services. This is a reasonable deduction, while on the other hand, a high value of TAM is not necessarily a good sign, as the total available market does not mean the high degree of demand obtained. Some other factors, such as competition level in the market, accessibility of resources, etc. would also affect the performance of the company. Hence SAM and SOM are also critical indicators to measure if the market is worth investing.

## Illustrations of real-world news about TAM

* The Morgan Stanley analyst Katy Huberty said in her 2015 research report that Apple could reach $3.4 trillion of total addressable market by 2020, from $800 billion today, since it expands into new markets such as cars.
* Alibaba still has potential to incredibly increase total addressable market up to 40%, stated by Jim O'Donnell, Chief Investment Officer of Forward Management, as he believes Alibaba is expanding not only China's market but also markets outside China.
* The total addressable market for pulsed RF power semiconductor keeps increasing despite degeneration in the market for wireless infrastructure, as manufacturers are stepping into the new markets for pulsed RF power semiconductors such as transportation and military.
* The general public poorly realizes the market size for microwave tubes (valves). Yet, its total addressable market has reached nearly $1 billion, as microwave tubes are commonly used in areas such as military, medical and space communication applications.
* The total addressable market for comparators (a device used to compare two currents or voltages) reached $173 million in 2003. It would get $273 million in 2009.
* The market for contracted manufacturing services keeps growing compared with electronics manufacturing services (EMS) and original design manufacturers (ODM). Its serviceable obtainable market reached $560 million in 2001 and has a potential to obtain 27% of the total addressable market of electronics and IT industry by 2006, stated by Kevin Kane, program manager for IDC's Contract Manufacturing Services.


title: West Hickory, Pennsylvania

abstract: West Hickory is an unincorporated community in Forest County, Pennsylvania, United States. The community is located along the Allegheny River and Pennsylvania Route 127, 5.6 miles (9.0 km) north-northeast of Tionesta. West Hickory has a post office with ZIP code 16370.

text:
# West Hickory, Pennsylvania

**West Hickory** is an unincorporated community in Forest County, Pennsylvania, United States. The community is located along the Allegheny River and Pennsylvania Route 127, 5.6 miles (9.0 km) north-northeast of Tionesta. West Hickory has a post office with ZIP code 16370.

## Notable person

## InfoBox

| West Hickory, Pennsylvania | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| West Hickory | |
| Coordinates: 41°34′07″N 79°24′29″W / 41.56861°N 79.40806°W / 41.56861; -79.40806 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Pennsylvania |
| County | Forest |
| Elevation | 1,093 ft (333 m) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| ZIP code | 16370 |
| Area code | 814 |
| GNIS feature ID | 1210100 |


title: Rajavazhcha

abstract: Rajavazhcha is a 1990 Malayalam film by Sasikumar starring Suresh Gopi, Sai Kumar, Thilakan, Ranjini and Chithra.

text:
# Rajavazhcha

***Rajavazhcha*** is a 1990 Malayalam film by Sasikumar starring Suresh Gopi, Sai Kumar, Thilakan, Ranjini and Chithra.

## Plot

Govindankutty and Vijayaraghavan are brothers, the former struggling to complete the studies of the latter younger sibling. Govindankutty and Kuttan Nair work for daily wages under the wealthy and unscrupulous Madhava Panikkar to make ends meet. When Vijayaraghavan passes his graduate exam, Govindankutty and Kuttan Nair go to request Panikkar his help in further educating him, but Panikkar turns them down and humiliates them. However, Kuttan Nair pledges his property, and his daughter Amminikutty sells her ornaments to help Vijayaraghavan start his course. Amminikutty secretly loves Vijayaraghavan and Govindankutty and Kuttan Nair decides to get both married once he gets a job. Kuttan Nair’s nephew Karadi Vasu is an ex-convict to wants to marry Amminikutty, but Kuttan Nair rejects his proposal, and he is roughened up by Govindankutty when they get into an argument about the same.

Vijayaraghavan successfully completes his post-graduation course and appears for IPS exam at the advice of their well-wisher Kaimal. He passes the exam and gets popular around his circles for the same. Panikkar who is secretly running a counterfeit currency operation decides to capitalize on this situation. Even if Vijayaraghavan’s mother Naniyamma used to be a maid in their house, he organizes an appreciation event for Vijayaraghavan and announces there that he is going to get him married to his daughter Mini. Govindankutty is furious on hearing this as Panikkar had initially refused to help them with money and he and Kuttan Nair had decided the marriage between Amminikutty and Vijayaraghavan, However Vijayaraghavan reveals that Mini had been secretly helping him with money since he joined for post-graduation to finish his course, and both fell in love in the course. He decides to marry mini which creates a rift between the brothers. On the same day of their marriage, Govindankutty marries Amminikutty to honor his promise to Kuttan Nair. Post wedding, Panikkar uses his influence to get Vijayaraghavan posted in their area itself, but he turns out to be an upright officer who refuses to use his power to help Panikkar for unfair means.

Naniyamma’ s presence in their home starts to irk him and his wife. One night he sneaks into Naniyamma’ s bedroom and his wife turn up at the same time to accuse Naniyamma of having an affair with Panikkar. Shocked at the event, Naniyamma returns to her own home without talking about the issue to her son and daughter in law to avoid any embarrassment. Due to the severe shock, she gets bedridden and is shifted to the hospital by Vijayaraghavan. She passes away eventually and Govindankutty is not able to get to the cremation on time since Panikkar had avoided passing the information to him who was away on his work. He turns up at Panikkar’s compound where Naniyamma is being cremated and starts a fight with him. Eventually Karadi vasu stabs and kills a pregnant Amminikutty who jumps in between to save Govindankutty. Kuttan Nair reveals now that Govindankutty and Vijayaraghavan’s father who was Panikkar’s employee was murdered by him when he found out about his counterfeit business. Vijayaraghavan arrests Panicker and Govindankutty rows away with his wife’s corpse.

## Cast

## Soundtrack

The music was composed by Johnson and the lyrics were written by Poovachal Khader.

| No. | Song | Singers | Lyrics | Length (m:ss) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | "Etho Kaikal Maaykkunnu" | P. Jayachandran | Poovachal Khader |  |
| 2 | "Mele Mekhangal" | K. S. Chithra, M. G. Sreekumar | Poovachal Khader |  |
| 3 | "Vanchippaattolam Thullum" | M. G. Sreekumar, Chorus | Poovachal Khader |  |

## InfoBox

| Rajavazhcha | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Sasikumar |
| Written by | S. L. Puram Sadanandan |
| Produced by | Sasikumar |
| Starring | Suresh Gopi
Sai Kumar
Thilakan
Chitra
Ranjini |
| Cinematography | J. Williams |
| Music by | Johnson |
| Release date | * 1990 (1990) |
| Country | India |
| Language | Malayalam |


title: Radomirești

abstract: Radomirești is a commune in Olt County, Muntenia, Romania. It is composed of four villages: Călinești, Crăciunei, Poiana and Radomirești. On Radomirești, 68 ancient Greek silver coins from the 2nd century were discovered in 13 March 2021 by Paul Durca, a retired police officer, with a metal detector.

text:
# Radomirești

**Radomirești** is a commune in Olt County, Muntenia, Romania. It is composed of four villages: Călinești, Crăciunei, Poiana and Radomirești.

On Radomirești, 68 ancient Greek silver coins from the 2nd century were discovered in 13 March 2021 by Paul Durca, a retired police officer, with a metal detector.

## Natives

## InfoBox

| Radomirești | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| Orthodox Church of the Assumption of Mary | |
| Location in Olt County | |
| RadomireștiLocation in Romania | |
| Coordinates: 44°05′N 24°42′E / 44.083°N 24.700°E / 44.083; 24.700 | |
| Country | Romania |
| County | Olt |
| Population (2021-12-01) | 2,568 |
| Time zone | EET/EEST (UTC+2/+3) |
| Vehicle reg. | OT |
| Website | www.primariaradomiresti.ro |


title: Tylopilus sanctae-rosae

abstract: Tylopilus sanctae-rosae is a bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae. Found in Costa Rica, where it grows under the oak species Quercus oleoides, it was described as new to science in 1983 by mycologist Rolf Singer.

text:
# Tylopilus sanctae-rosae

***Tylopilus sanctae-rosae*** is a bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae. Found in Costa Rica, where it grows under the oak species *Quercus oleoides*, it was described as new to science in 1983 by mycologist Rolf Singer.

## InfoBox

| *Tylopilus sanctae-rosae* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Boletales |
| Family: | Boletaceae |
| Genus: | *Tylopilus* |
| Species: | ***T. sanctae-rosae*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Tylopilus sanctae-rosae***<br>Singer (1983) | |
|


title: Mac Cuill

abstract: In Irish mythology, Mac Cuill of the Tuatha Dé Danann, was a son of Cermait, son of the Dagda. Mac Cuill's given name was Éthur and he was named Mac Cuill after his god, Coll, the hazel. His wife was Banba.

text:
# Mac Cuill

In Irish mythology, **Mac Cuill** of the Tuatha Dé Danann, was a son of Cermait, son of the Dagda. Mac Cuill's given name was **Éthur** and he was named Mac Cuill after his god, Coll, the hazel. His wife was Banba.

## Description

He and his brothers Mac Cecht and Mac Gréine killed Lug in revenge for their father. The three brothers became joint High Kings of Ireland, rotating the sovereignty between them a year at a time, covering twenty-nine or thirty years depending on the source consulted. They were the last kings of the Tuatha Dé Danann before the coming of the Milesians. Mac Cuill and his brothers treacherously slew Íth, prompting his nephew Míl Espáine and his sons to invade Ireland for revenge. During the battle against the Milesians, Mac Cuill was slain by Eber Finn.


title: Pennsylvania Gravity Railroad

abstract: The Pennsylvania Gravity Railroad was a gravity railroad established to ship anthracite coal in Pennsylvania. It was established in 1850 and covered 47 miles to the Delaware and Hudson Canal. It was succeeded by the Erie and Wyoming Valley Railroad in 1885. A historical marker commemorates the line. Old Gravity Road and the village of Gravity were named for it.

text:
# Pennsylvania Gravity Railroad

The **Pennsylvania Gravity Railroad** was a gravity railroad established to ship anthracite coal in Pennsylvania. It was established in 1850 and covered 47 miles to the Delaware and Hudson Canal. It was succeeded by the Erie and Wyoming Valley Railroad in 1885. A historical marker commemorates the line. Old Gravity Road and the village of Gravity were named for it.

## Further reading

* *Pennsylvania Coal Company: Photographs of the Gravity Railroad Near Scranton*, 1950


title: William Frederick Mellor

abstract: William Frederick Mellor was an English missionary who spent considerable time of his missionary endeavour in Ijebu-Remo. He embraced some of the culture of Remo and ended up being conferred a chieftaincy title by the Akarigbo. Upon his retirement, he left Nigeria in 1957 but returned in 1966 to work with Tai Solarin at Mayflower School, Ikenne.

text:
# William Frederick Mellor

**William Frederick Mellor** was an English missionary who spent considerable time of his missionary endeavour in Ijebu-Remo. He embraced some of the culture of Remo and ended up being conferred a chieftaincy title by the Akarigbo. Upon his retirement, he left Nigeria in 1957 but returned in 1966 to work with Tai Solarin at Mayflower School, Ikenne.

## Life

### Early life and education

Mellor was born in Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, a city heavily influenced by the pottery industry, he came from a generation of potters, his great grandfather and grandfather worked for Mintons while his father worked for the Wedgwood company. Mellor's father died when he was a child and at the age of 14, Mellor embraced his family's career path and apprenticed at the ceramic firm of George Woolliscroft to earn some income and support the family. For a year, he worked on making lead free ceramic glazed tiles. In 1907, he changed firms and began a seven year apprenticeship with a pottery decoration company working on a variety of products produced by the city's potters. He attended Cauldon School and on Sundays, he usually attended the St Jude's Anglican Church but an encounter with a local Methodist preacher who was a bench mate at work prodded him to join the Wesleyan Church. He gradually became involved in the activities of the church becoming a Sunday school teacher at the local Methodist church and lay preacher within the Staffordshire area. While preparing to be a priest, Mellor began to develop little interest in various Methodist meetings and decided a life of missionary will be a better fit for him, originally having in mind working in India. Mellor wanted to study medicine and theology and before completing his apprenticeship, he took classes under the tutelage of the Workers' Educational Association. Between June and July, 1914, he started college education at Balliol College, Oxford working with R. H. Tawney on economic history but his education was interrupted by War. Mellor continued ministerial education in Staffordshire for a year before enlisting in the Royal Navy. He joined Devonport Depot and initially posted on HMS *Eclipse*, when a search was done for recruits with medical degrees or had past shown interest in medicine, his name caught the attention of the navy and he was posted to the navy hospital in Gibraltar. Towards the latter part of the war, he toured Freetown and Lagos with HMS *Africa* protecting convoys of cargo ships. It was at one of the stops at Freetown where he decided a change of missionary service from India to West Africa. In 1916, his younger brother who was aboard HMS *Indefatigable* during the Battle of Jutland died when his ship was sunk. In 1919, Mellor was demobilized and he was able to return to studies. He attended Handsworth College, Birmingham University and completed his education in 1921 with a degree in theology.

### Remo

In 1921, Mellor sailed for Lagos to start a career as a Methodist missionary. Prior to his start, pioneer Wesleyan missionaries had earlier arrived in Ijebu in 1893, shortly after the Ijebu Expedition resulted in British occupation of Ijebu Ode and ended the kingdom's blockade of trade going to the coast. Shortly thereafter, Olumuyiwa Haastrup who was an adviser to the Akarigbo, wrote to the Wesleyan Church in London for a proposed mission house, while at the meantime, a Catechist can be provided and expense will be paid until the church finds it suitable to maintain a mission in Remo. In 1893, the Wesleyan Church sent a priest, H.J. Ellis and three un-ordained missionaries to Remo. The three missionaries built a mission house at Iperu from where they moved to other towns.

When Mellor arrived in Nigeria, he spent some weeks with Wesleyan priests who were already living in the country. In March 1922, he was posted to Sagamu to replace the outgoing priest as superintendent of Ijebu division. Sagamu was founded to replicate the structure of Abeokuta, a town consisting of villages and lineages converged together for defense purposes. In Ijebu and Ijebu-Remo, the Methodist Church was already established in the district with about 22 mission stations, close to 2,000 converts and 12 chapels. Mellor's efforts consolidated the presence of the Church and increased participation of community members in the activities of the Church. He developed cordial relationship with the local residents and was sometimes called upon to mediate conflicts between the residents and their Obas or British colonists. To seek new converts, the Methodists employed monthly open air church services as part of their evangelical mission and was a significant way it garnered more converts within the community. At the Ijebu-Remo mission, he was assisted by a group of women including Mrs Kuti, Janet Adegunle and Julie Sokoya with the proselytizing of the mission.

Mellors missionary activities within Remo also had its challenges, the church grew in Ijebu-Ode with the effort of J.A. Adegboyega and Pa Oworu and in Sagamu, Oba Adedoyin was a regular Sunday service attendee and the Oluwole family helped establish the church in Sagamu. But many of these elites who helped develop the mission were polygamists who had great influence behind the scenes but were ineligible for official leadership positions or full membership. The official position was for the men to reduce the surplus wives in order to attain full position with the church. Mellor opposed this attitude, he discouraged the men to do this or had to find ways to create a suitable just and careful arrangement for women if the men decide to live a monogamous life.

Mellor's success was visible in education, he started classes for catechists and another for new converts as preparation for induction to the Methodist Church. His job as superintendent also involved managing the church's primary schools within the circuit. There was a lack of secondary education facilities in the area for boys and girls, only one secondary school in the region, Ijebu Ode Grammar School then headed by Rev Ransome Kuti and girl's education was not fully supported with a proportion of 1 girl to 8 boys. Mellor developed craft training sessions for woman. He also encouraged girls education and cooperated with the local Anglican mission and Muslim community to establish Remo Secondary School, the first co-education secondary school in the country and Girls Secondary School, Shagamu. The girls secondary school developed a training class for teachers so as to increase the numbers of female teachers in the district. His interest in education led to his appointment as the representative of the Methodist order on the regional board of education where he was able to influence acceptance of co-education within the region. He also introduced the Boys and Girls' Brigade movement to Ijebu and Remo and was an influential leader who contributed to sustain the Boys Brigade during the colonial period.

Mellor also cultivated friendship with Akarigbo William Adedoyin and used his relationship and citizenship with colonists to help actualise Adedoyin's desire for an independent Remo division. In 1950, he was posted to Badagry and in 1957, he retired from missionary work.

### Mayflower

While working in Remo, Mellor met a young Tai Solarin who was a looking for someone to recommend him for service with the Royal Air force. Both individuals later developed a relationship and Mellor came to represent the Methodist mission in Nigeria during its independence in 1960, Solarin asked him to come back to Ikenne and be a part of his new school. In 1966, Mellor finally returned to Remo and acted as an adviser to Solarin and managed the school's husbandry, at the school, he was popularly referred to as Baba.

Mellor influenced Solarin, an atheist to allow the creation of a chapel on school grounds.

### Personal

Mellor was married to Cecilia who followed him to Remo. In 1930, she was wounded during a riot in Opobo. Mellor loved geography and travelling visiting most African countries with the exception of two.

* Mellor, William (August 1969). "What is there between Solarin and Mellor" (Interview). Interviewed by Bayo Olowokere. Lagos: Spear Magazine.
* Olusola, J (1973). *Baba Mellor, frontline missionary in Nigeria*. Daystar Press, Methodist Church.


title: Mario Tennis: Power Tour

abstract: Mario Tennis: Power Tour, known as Mario Power Tennis in Europe, is a 2005 role-playing sports game developed by Camelot Software Planning and published by Nintendo for the Game Boy Advance. It is the sequel to the Game Boy Color version of Mario Tennis. While it is the handheld companion to Mario Power Tennis, released on GameCube, with the European release sharing its title, Power Tour lacks connectivity with Power Tennis, unlike how its predecessor features connectivity with its console counterpart on Nintendo 64. Power Tour was re-released on the Wii U's Virtual Console in 2014.

text:
# Mario Tennis: Power Tour

***Mario Tennis: Power Tour***, known as ***Mario Power Tennis*** in Europe, is a 2005 role-playing sports game developed by Camelot Software Planning and published by Nintendo for the Game Boy Advance. It is the sequel to the Game Boy Color version of *Mario Tennis*. While it is the handheld companion to *Mario Power Tennis*, released on GameCube, with the European release sharing its title, *Power Tour* lacks connectivity with *Power Tennis*, unlike how its predecessor features connectivity with its console counterpart on Nintendo 64. *Power Tour* was re-released on the Wii U's Virtual Console in 2014.

## Gameplay

The gameplay of *Power Tour* is similar to *Mario Power Tennis*’ gameplay. Players play tennis with other characters, in both doubles and singles, and there are several mechanics such as topspin, slice, and "Power Shots" (Special Shots in the Japanese version). There are both Offensive Power Shots and Defensive Power Shots which are earned further in the game. Offensive Power Shots are very powerful attacks; they power-up the ball and when they make contact with another player, they cause an effect such as being knocked back a little bit, running around dazed, etc. Defensive Power Shots can negate the secondary effects of Offensive Power Shots and they can reach balls which normally would be out of reach. There are topspin and slice, and topspin has more power than slice, while slice exchanges a tiny bit of power for more curve in the character's shot. As well as this, there is also a variety of shots, such as lobs or smashes.

### Characters

There are several characters in *Power Tour*. The two main characters to choose from are Clay (Max in the European version; Norty in the Japanese version), a male power player, and Ace (Tina in the European version; Tabby in the Japanese version), a female technical player. The player can change the name of the character they choose to play as, and also choose the character's dominant hand for playing tennis (right or left). The character the player did not choose will be their doubles partner and his/her name cannot be changed.

The game features a variety of characters from the *Mario Tennis* game for Game Boy Color, who return as coaches. One of them is Alex, the male protagonist from the first game. His varsity teammates are featured as coaches at the various levels of play.

There are also the Mario gang with six characters: Mario, Luigi, Peach, Donkey Kong, Bowser and Waluigi; they do not appear until much later in the game. There are players returning from the previous game such as Alex (normally as coaches), and there are new faces such as Elroy, Tori, Whisker, and Paula. Playable previous human players are not available. Also, this is the only game where Waluigi appears without Wario.

## Plot

The game starts as the main character wakes up in unfamiliar surroundings. Their partner explains that the protagonist has enrolled at the Royal Tennis Academy, and he/she is the character's doubles partner. Having passed out the previous day during the Welcome Workout, they decide to get some breakfast. When they arrive at the restaurant, it is deserted and they find out that masked challengers have challenged the top academy students, including Alex, who is implied to be the top-ranked player at the academy. After hearing that the masked players defeated the school champions, they set out to become the top ranked player, in order to enter the main tournament (The Island Open) and discover the masked players' true identities.

After defeating the Junior and Senior classes, the player advances to the Varsity Level. Learning that only the two highest ranked doubles pairs are guaranteed entry in the tournament, the main character defeats the entire Varsity class. The player, their partner, and two other players named Elroy (Excel in the Japanese version, who is also the varsity captain) and Tori enter the Island Open.

After the winning the Island Open, the players has not yet discovered the identities of the masked players. However, the morning following their win, the two main characters are approached by Alex and led to a secret airport near the academy. Here, they meet Mario, who is implied to have been one of the masked players, and are taken to Peach's Kingdom to participate in the Peach Tournament against the other characters in the game. Winning the tournament ends the doubles game.

Afterwards, the main character becomes the singles champion of the school and wins the Island Open on their own, again traveling to the Mushroom Kingdom to play in the Peach Tournament. Winning this Tournament effectively ends the Story Mode's main plot line, and the main character presumably goes home the hero of the academy.

## Reception

*Power Tour* has received positive reviews. It currently holds a score of 80.76% at GameRankings and 81 out of 100 at Metacritic. *IGN* gave the game 9 out of 10, praising the RPG aspects of the game and the leveling system to improve the characters. *GameSpot* gave it 8.5 out of 10, praising the game's selection of options and characters, as well as the power shots and *Mario* characters, but criticized the game's RPG mode, calling it too "involved". *Eurogamer* gave it 8 out of 10, stating "as GBA titles go, Mario Power Tennis is a fantastic title to own - not least because it justifies its existence by being the best GBA tennis title by a mile" and calling it "Yet another shining example of the kind of simple, addictive brilliance that Nintendo seems to have a monopoly on these days." *GameSpy* gave the game four stars out of five, commending the mini-games and single-player mode, but found the "ugly" 3D court models to be poor. Nintendo World Report gave the game a perfect ten.

1. Jastrzab, Jeremy (November 28, 2005). "Updated Australian Release List - 28/11/05". *PALGN*. Archived from the original on March 7, 2012. Retrieved January 22, 2015.
2. "Mario Tennis: Power Tour for Game Boy Advance". GameRankings. Retrieved October 7, 2013.
3. "Mario Tennis: Power Tour for Game Boy Advance Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved October 7, 2013.
4. EGM staff (January 2006). "Mario Tennis: Power Tour". *Electronic Gaming Monthly*. No. 199. p. 135.
5. Reed, Kristan (December 24, 2005). "Mario Power Tennis (GBA)". Eurogamer. Retrieved October 7, 2013.
6. Kato, Matthew (December 2005). "Mario Tennis: Power Tour". *Game Informer*. No. 152. p. 190.
7. Provo, Frank (December 15, 2005). "Mario Tennis: Power Tour Review". GameSpot. Retrieved January 22, 2015.
8. Klepek, Patrick (December 7, 2005). "GameSpy: Mario Tennis Power Tour". GameSpy. Archived from the original on December 10, 2005. Retrieved January 22, 2015.
9. Zacarias, Eduardo (February 12, 2006). "Mario Tennis Power Tour - GBA - Review". GameZone. Archived from the original on December 25, 2008. Retrieved January 23, 2015.
10. Harris, Craig (December 9, 2005). "Mario Tennis Power Tour". IGN. Retrieved October 7, 2013.
11. "Mario Power Tennis (GBA)". *NGC Magazine*. December 2005.
12. "Mario Tennis: Power Tour". *Nintendo Power*. Vol. 199. January 2006. p. 108.
13. Ferguson, Stan (December 12, 2005). "Mario Tennis: Power Tour". Nintendo World Report. Retrieved January 22, 2015.
14. Gardner, Omari (January 22, 2006). "'Mario Tennis: Power Tour'". *Detroit Free Press*. Archived from the original on February 18, 2006. Retrieved January 22, 2015.
15. Hill, Jason (February 2, 2006). "Mario Tennis Power \[Tour\]". *The Sydney Morning Herald*. Archived from the original on July 6, 2010. Retrieved January 22, 2015.

## InfoBox

| Mario Tennis: Power Tour | |
| --- | --- |
| North American box art | |
| Developer(s) | Camelot Software Planning |
| Publisher(s) | Nintendo |
| Director(s) | Yutaka Yamamoto |
| Producer(s) | Shinji Hatano
Hiroyuki Takahashi
Shugo Takahashi |
| Designer(s) | Hiroyuki Takahashi
Shugo Takahashi |
| Composer(s) | Motoi Sakuraba |
| Series | *Mario Tennis* |
| Platform(s) | Game Boy Advance |
| Release | * JP: September 13, 2005 * EU: November 18, 2005 * AU: December 1, 2005 * NA: December 5, 2005 |
| Genre(s) | Sports, role-playing |
| Mode(s) | Single-player, multiplayer |


title: Liang's Garden

abstract: Liang's Garden, is located in Foshan, China, and is one of four famous gardens in Guangdong Province. Liang's Garden contains residencies, pagodas, sculptures lakes with fine gardens of trees, shrubs and flowers. It includes the Twelve-Stone House(十二石斋), Qunxing Thatched Cottage (群星草堂), Fenjiang Thatched Cottage (汾江草芦) and the Hanxiang House (寒香馆), among others. It is a traditional private garden that belongs to Liang's family. The builders are uncles and nephews of the family: Liang Airu, Liang Jiuzhang, Liang Jiuhua and Liang Jiutu. They built in the Qing empire 1796, carefully built over 40 years. In the early Republic period, the garden was nearly destroyed. In 1982, Foshan government saved and protected Qunxing Thatched Cottage. In 1990, Liang's Garden was given cultural relic protection status by the Guangdong provincial government. In 1994, large-scale total repair began, which covered a land of 21.260 square meter.

text:
# Liang's Garden

23°02′19″N 113°06′45″E / 23.03858°N 113.11257°E / 23.03858; 113.11257

**Liang's Garden** (Chinese: ; pinyin: *Liángyuán*; Jyutping: *Leung4 jyun2*, also known as Liang Yuan), is located in Foshan, China, and is one of four famous gardens in Guangdong Province. (The other three famous gardens are: Yuyin Garden, Keyuan and Qinghui Garden.)

Liang's Garden contains residencies, pagodas, sculptures lakes with fine gardens of trees, shrubs and flowers. It includes the *Twelve-Stone House*(十二石斋), *Qunxing Thatched Cottage* (群星草堂), *Fenjiang Thatched Cottage* (汾江草芦) and the *Hanxiang House* (寒香馆), among others.

It is a traditional private garden that belongs to Liang's family. The builders are uncles and nephews of the family: Liang Airu, Liang Jiuzhang, Liang Jiuhua and Liang Jiutu. They built in the Qing empire 1796, carefully built over 40 years. In the early Republic period (about 1912), the garden was nearly destroyed.

In 1982, Foshan government saved and protected *Qunxing Thatched Cottage*. In 1990, Liang's Garden was given cultural relic protection status by the Guangdong provincial government. In 1994, large-scale total repair began, which covered a land of 21.260 square meter.


title: Township 2, Rooks County, Kansas

abstract: Township 2 is a township in Rooks County, Kansas, United States.

text:
# Township 2, Rooks County, Kansas

**Township 2** is a township in Rooks County, Kansas, United States.

## History

Rooks County was established with four townships: Bow Creek, Lowell, Paradise and Stockton. That number increased to seven by 1878 and twenty three in 1925. The twenty three townships were in place until 1971 when the number was reduced to the current twelve townships.

Township 2 was formed from Rooks County townships Greenfield, Iowa and Lanark in 1971 pursuant to Kansas Statute 80-1110. 80-1110 allowed for the disorganization of townships and assigning those territories to contiguous townships.

Elm Creek flows through the southern part of Township 2 into South Fork Solomon River. Jim Creek and Douglas Creek flow through the northern part of Township 2 into South Fork Solomon River.

### Greenfield Township

Greenfield Township was created from parts of Lowell and Stockton townships in 1879. The east half from Lowell, the west half from Stockton.

### Iowa Township

Iowa Township was created from parts of Lowell and Stockton townships in 1879. The east half from Lowell, the west half from Stockton.

### Lanark Township

Lanark Township was created from part of Farmington Township in 1879. Farmington had been created a year earlier from Bow Creek and Lowell townships. Lanark was named for Lanarkshire, Scotland, the birthplace of an early settler in the territory.

## InfoBox

| Township 2 | |
| --- | --- |
| Township | |
| Location in Rooks County | |
| Coordinates: 39°26′13″N 99°12′44″W / 39.43694°N 99.21222°W / 39.43694; -99.21222 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Kansas |
| County | Rooks |
| Township 2 | 1971 |
| Elevation | 1,745 ft (532 m) |
| Population (2010) | |
| Total | 379 |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (CST) |
| GNIS feature ID | 472231 |


title: West Herts College

abstract: West Herts College is a college for further education in Watford, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom. The college has campuses in Watford and Hemel Hempstead. As of 2017 the college has 5,900 students on study programmes or apprenticeships.

text:
# West Herts College

**West Herts College** is a college for further education in Watford, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom. The college has campuses in Watford and Hemel Hempstead. As of 2017 the college has 5,900 students on study programmes or apprenticeships.

## Range of courses

Courses offered are vocational and apprenticeships. The College works with local secondary schools to offer entry to applicants of 16 years of age and older. Some school pupils may transfer their full-time education to the College in order to restart their education or to take some vocational subjects at Level 1, either as full subjects or as "tasters" (to judge suitability). A few GCSE subjects are offered to gifted pupils.

Tertiary qualifications (foundation and extended degrees and Higher National Diplomas) are offered, overseen by the University of Hertfordshire (UH). The foundation degrees may lead on to full BA or BSc awards elsewhere, while extended degrees provide the entry requirements for a degree course at UH. In addition a number of stand-alone courses are offered to part-time students for personal development or leisure.

## History

The **Watford Library and School of Science and Art** began in 1874 on Queens Road, Watford. A new building on Hempstead Road for the college was designed by the architects Henry Vaughan Lanchester and Thomas Arthur Lodge and construction of the large, Art Deco-style college, known as the *Lanchester Building*, began in 1938. The new college was located on former lands of the Cassiobury Estate, sold by the Earl of Essex. Although the stately home was demolished in 1927, the 17th-century dower house, Little Cassiobury, remained. Progress on the new building was interrupted by the advent of World War II and the building remained unfinished throughout the 1940s. **Watford Technical College** was founded in 1947 but it was not until 1953 that Watford Technical College was officially opened in its new premises.

In the 1980s **Watford College of Technology** merged with the George Stephenson College (built 1965/66) to form **Watford College**. West Herts College was established in 1991 as part of the reorganisation of Further Education in Hertfordshire. It was created from the two local colleges Watford College and **Cassio College**, and **Dacorum College** in Hemel Hempstead. A new Watford Campus building was constructed in the early 21st century and West Herts College vacated the Lanchester Building; now a locally listed building due to its architectural merit; the Lanchester Building is due to be converted into a primary school.

In 2017 the College was awarded a Gold rating in the Teaching Excellence Framework administered by the Higher Education Funding Council for England. That same year a merger with Stanmore College was announced, but the plans were cancelled after three months.

Former principals include Elizabeth Rushton (2004-2011), Tony Pitcher (2003-2004), and Andrew Bragg (1997 to 2003). Former Watford College principals include Terry Howard (? - 1986), Frank Baker (1986 - 1996), John Loveridge (1996 - 1997).

## Locations

The College has inherited campuses from its predecessors and now occupies sites at Watford (Hempstead Road) and Hemel Hempstead (Marlowes).

51°39′38″N 0°24′27″W / 51.66056°N 0.40750°W / 51.66056; -0.40750

## InfoBox

| West Herts College | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Address | |
|  | |
| Hempstead Road
Watford, Hertfordshire, WD17 3EZ
England | |
| Information | |
| Type | Further education |
| Motto | Shaping life through learning |
| Established | 1991 |
| Local authority | Watford |
| Department for Education URN | 130720 Tables |
| Ofsted | Reports |
| Chairman of the Governors | Phil Thompson |
| Principal | Gill Worgan |
| Gender | Mixed |
| Age | 16+ |
| Enrolment | 5,800 (2017) |
| Website | http://www.westherts.ac.uk/ |


title: Radomiłowice

abstract: Radomiłowice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lwówek Śląski, within Lwówek Śląski County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It lies approximately 12 kilometres (7 mi) south-east of Lwówek Śląski, and 93 kilometres (58 mi) west of the regional capital Wrocław.

text:
# Radomiłowice

**Radomiłowice** \[radɔmiwɔˈvit͡sɛ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lwówek Śląski, within Lwówek Śląski County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.

It lies approximately 12 kilometres (7 mi) south-east of Lwówek Śląski, and 93 kilometres (58 mi) west of the regional capital Wrocław.

## InfoBox

| Radomiłowice | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Radomiłowice | |
| Coordinates: 51°3′N 15°43′E / 51.050°N 15.717°E / 51.050; 15.717 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Lower Silesian |
| County | Lwówek Śląski |
| Gmina | Lwówek Śląski |


title: Typhloscaris

abstract:
Typhloscaris is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:
  - Typhloscaris aberdarensis
  - Typhloscaris alluaudi
  - Typhloscaris andringitrae Basilewsky, 1971
  - Typhloscaris carbonaria
  - Typhloscaris descarpentriesi Basilewsky, 1972
  - Typhloscaris elgonensis
  - Typhloscaris gracilis Banninger, 1929
  - Typhloscaris hutchinsoni
  - Typhloscaris insularis
  - Typhloscaris jeanneli
  - Typhloscaris kenyensis
  - Typhloscaris leleupi
  - Typhloscaris macrodus Kuntzen, 1914
  - Typhloscaris mamboiana
  - Typhloscaris marakwetensis
  - Typhloscaris meruensis Etten, 1984
  - Typhloscaris microphthalma Banninger, 1929
  - Typhloscaris montana
  - Typhloscaris montivaga
  - Typhloscaris uluguruensis
  - Typhloscaris viettei Basilewsky, 1980

text:
# Typhloscaris

***Typhloscaris*** is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:

## InfoBox

| *Typhloscaris* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Suborder: | Adephaga |
| Family: | Carabidae |
| Genus: | ***Typhloscaris***<br>Kuntzen, 1914 |
|


abstract: The following table lists the highest and lowest temperatures recorded in the 50 U.S. states, the District of Columbia, and the 5 inhabited U.S. territories during the past two centuries, in both Fahrenheit and Celsius. If two dates have the same temperature record, only the most recent date is shown.

text:
# U.S. state and territory temperature extremes

The following table lists the highest and lowest temperatures recorded in the 50 U.S. states, the District of Columbia, and the 5 inhabited U.S. territories during the past two centuries, in both Fahrenheit and Celsius. If two dates have the same temperature record (e.g. record low of 40 °F or 4.4 °C in 1911 in Aibonito and 1966 in San Sebastian in Puerto Rico), only the most recent date is shown.

## Extreme temperatures for each U.S. state and territory

| State,
federal district,
or territory | Record high
temperature | Date | Place(s) | Record low
temperature | Date | Place(s) | Difference |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Alabama | 112 °F (44.4 °C) | September 6, 1925 | Centreville | −27 °F (−32.8 °C) | January 30, 1966 | New Market | 139 °F (77.2 °C) |
| Alaska | 100 °F (37.8 °C) | June 27, 1915 | Fort Yukon | −80 °F (−62.2 °C) | January 23, 1971 | Prospect Creek | 180 °F (100 °C) |
| American Samoa | 99 °F (37.2 °C) | April 27, 1972 | Malaeloa/Aitulagi | 53 °F (11.7 °C) | March 28, 1962 | Malaeloa/Aitulagi | 46 °F (25.6 °C) |
| Arizona | 128 °F (53.3 °C) | June 29, 1994 | Lake Havasu City | −40 °F (−40 °C) | January 7, 1971 | McNary | 168 °F (93.3 °C) |
| Arkansas | 120 °F (48.9 °C) | August 10, 1936 | Ozark | −29 °F (−33.9 °C) | February 13, 1905 | Gravette | 149 °F (82.8 °C) |
| California | 134 °F (56.7 °C) | July 10, 1913 | Greenland Ranch (Death Valley) | −45 °F (−42.8 °C) | January 20, 1937 | Boca | 179 °F (99.4 °C) |
| Colorado | 115 °F (46.1 °C) | July 20, 2019 | John Martin Reservoir | −61 °F (−51.7 °C) | February 1, 1985 | Maybell | 176 °F (97.8 °C) |
| Connecticut | 106 °F (41.1 °C) | July 15, 1995 | Danbury | −37 °F (−38.3 °C) | February 16, 1943 | Norfolk | 143 °F (79.4 °C) |
| Delaware | 110 °F (43.3 °C) | July 21, 1930 | Millsboro | −17 °F (−27.2 °C) | January 17, 1893 | Millsboro | 127 °F (70.6 °C) |
| District of Columbia | 106 °F (41.1 °C) | July 20, 1930 | Washington | −15 °F (−26.1 °C) | February 11, 1899 | Washington | 121 °F (67.2 °C) |
| Florida | 108 °F (42.2 °C) | June 29, 1931 | Monticello | −2 °F (−18.9 °C) | February 13, 1899 | Tallahassee | 111 °F (61.7 °C) |
| Georgia | 112 °F (44.4 °C) | August 20, 1983 | Greenville | −17 °F (−27.2 °C) | January 27, 1940 | Chatsworth | 129 °F (71.7 °C) |
| Guam | 100 °F (37.8 °C) | September 10, 1945 | Sånta Rita-Sumai | 56 °F (13.3 °C) | May 31, 1987 | Inalåhan | 44 °F (24.4 °C) |
| Hawaii | 100 °F (37.8 °C) | April 27, 1931 | Pahala | 15 °F (−9.4 °C) | January 5, 1975 | Mauna Kea Observatories | 83 °F (46 °C) |
| Idaho | 118 °F (47.8 °C) | July 28, 1934 | Orofino | −60 °F (−51.1 °C) | January 18, 1943 | Island Park | 178 °F (98.9 °C) |
| Illinois | 117 °F (47.2 °C) | July 14, 1954 | East Saint Louis | −38 °F (−38.9 °C) | January 31, 2019 | Mount Carroll | 155 °F (86.1 °C) |
| Indiana | 116 °F (46.7 °C) | July 14, 1936 | Collegeville | −36 °F (−37.8 °C) | January 19, 1994 | New Whiteland | 152 °F (84.4 °C) |
| Iowa | 118 °F (47.8 °C) | July 20, 1934 | Keokuk | −47 °F (−43.9 °C) | February 3, 1996 | Elkader | 165 °F (91.7 °C) |
| Kansas | 121 °F (49.4 °C) | July 24, 1936 | Alton | −40 °F (−40.0 °C) | February 13, 1905 | Lebanon | 161 °F (89.4 °C) |
| Kentucky | 116 °F (46.7 °C) | July 28, 1930 | Louisville | −37 °F (−38.3 °C) | January 19, 1994 | Shelbyville | 151 °F (83.9 °C) |
| Louisiana | 114 °F (45.6 °C) | August 10, 1936 | Plain Dealing | −16 °F (−26.7 °C) | February 13, 1899 | Minden | 130 °F (72.2 °C) |
| Maine | 105 °F (40.6 °C) | July 10, 1911 | North Bridgton | −50 °F (−45.6 °C) | January 16, 2009 | Clayton Lake | 155 °F (86.1 °C) |
| Maryland | 109 °F (42.8 °C) | July 10, 1936 | Cumberland | −40 °F (−40 °C) | January 13, 1912 | Oakland | 149 °F (82.8 °C) |
| Massachusetts | 107 °F (41.7 °C) | August 2, 1975 | New Bedford | −40 °F (−40 °C) | January 22, 1984 | Chester | 147 °F (81.7 °C) |
| Michigan | 112 °F (44.4 °C) | July 13, 1936 | Mio | −51 °F (−46.1 °C) | February 9, 1934 | Vanderbilt | 163 °F (90.6 °C) |
| Minnesota | 115 °F (46.1 °C) | July 29, 1917 | Beardsley | −60 °F (−51.1 °C) | February 2, 1996 | Tower | 175 °F (97.2 °C) |
| Mississippi | 115 °F (46.1 °C) | July 29, 1930 | Holly Springs | −19 °F (−28.3 °C) | January 30, 1966 | Corinth | 134 °F (74.4 °C) |
| Missouri | 118 °F (47.8 °C) | July 14, 1954 | Warsaw | −40 °F (−40 °C) | February 13, 1905 | Warsaw | 158 °F (87.8 °C) |
| Montana | 117 °F (47.2 °C) | July 5, 1937 | Medicine Lake | −70 °F (−56.7 °C) | January 20, 1954 | Lincoln (Rogers Pass) | 187 °F (103.9 °C) |
| Nebraska | 118 °F (47.8 °C) | July 24, 1936 | Minden | −47 °F (−43.9 °C) | December 22, 1989 | Oshkosh | 165 °F (91.7 °C) |
| Nevada | 125 °F (51.7 °C) | June 29, 1994 | Laughlin | −50 °F (−45.6 °C) | January 8, 1937 | San Jacinto | 175 °F (97.2 °C) |
| New Hampshire | 106 °F (41.1 °C) | July 4, 1911 | Nashua | −50 °F (−45.6 °C) | January 22, 1885 | Mount Washington | 156 °F (86.7 °C) |
| New Jersey | 110 °F (43.3 °C) | July 10, 1936 | Runyon | −34 °F (−36.7 °C) | January 5, 1904 | River Vale | 144 °F (80 °C) |
| New Mexico | 122 °F (50 °C) | June 27, 1994 | Waste Isolation Pilot Plant | −57 °F (−49.4 °C) | January 13, 1963 | Ciniza | 179 °F (99.4 °C) |
| New York | 108 °F (42.2 °C) | July 22, 1926 | Troy | −52 °F (−46.7 °C) | February 18, 1979 | Old Forge | 160 °F (88.9 °C) |
| North Carolina | 110 °F (43.3 °C) | August 21, 1983 | Fayetteville | −34 °F (−36.7 °C) | January 21, 1985 | Burnsville | 144 °F (80 °C) |
| North Dakota | 121 °F (49.4 °C) | July 6, 1936 | Steele | −60 °F (−51.1 °C) | February 15, 1936 | Parshall | 181 °F (100.6 °C) |
| Northern Mariana Islands | 99 °F (37.2 °C) | July 8, 2010 | Saipan | 62 °F (16.7 °C) | December 15, 2000 | Saipan | 37 °F (20.6 °C) |
| Ohio | 113 °F (45 °C) | July 21, 1934 | Gallipolis | −39 °F (−39.4 °C) | February 10, 1899 | Milligan | 152 °F (84.4 °C) |
| Oklahoma | 120 °F (48.9 °C) | June 27, 1994 | Tipton | −31 °F (−35.0 °C) | February 10, 2011 | Nowata | 151 °F (83.9 °C) |
| Oregon | 119 °F (48.3 °C) | June 29, 2021 | Pelton Dam | −54 °F (−47.8 °C) | February 10, 1933 | Seneca | 172 °F (96 °C) |
| Pennsylvania | 111 °F (43.9 °C) | July 10, 1936 | Phoenixville | −42 °F (−41.1 °C) | January 5, 1904 | Smethport | 153 °F (85 °C) |
| Puerto Rico | 104 °F (40 °C) | July 2, 1996 | Isla de Mona (Mayagüez) | 40 °F (4.4 °C) | January 24, 1966 | San Sebastián | 64 °F (35.6 °C) |
| Rhode Island | 104 °F (40 °C) | August 2, 1975 | Providence | −28 °F (−33.3 °C) | January 17, 1942 | Richmond | 132 °F (73.3 °C) |
| South Carolina | 113 °F (45 °C) | June 29, 2012 | Columbia | −22 °F (−30 °C) | January 21, 1985 | Landrum (Hogback Mountain) | 135 °F (75 °C) |
| South Dakota | 120 °F (48.9 °C) | July 15, 2006 | Fort Pierre | −60 °F (−51 °C) | December 22, 1989 | Rochford | 180 °F (100.0 °C) |
| Tennessee | 113 °F (45 °C) | August 9, 1930 | Perryville | −32 °F (−35.6 °C) | December 30, 1917 | Mountain City | 145 °F (80.6 °C) |
| Texas | 120 °F (48.9 °C) | June 28, 1994 | Monahans | −23 °F (−30.6 °C) | February 8, 1933 | Seminole | 143 °F (79.4 °C) |
| Utah | 120 °F (48.9 °C) | July 5, 2007 | Lake Powell | −69 °F (−56.1 °C) | February 1, 1985 | Peter Sinks | 189 °F (105.0 °C) |
| Vermont | 105 °F (40.6 °C) | July 4, 1911 | Vernon | −50 °F (−45.6 °C) | December 30, 1933 | Bloomfield | 155 °F (86.1 °C) |
| Virgin Islands (U.S.) | 99 °F (37.2 °C) | June 23, 1996 | Charlotte Amalie West
(Cyril E. King Airport) | 51 °F (10.6 °C) | January 31, 1954 | Anna's Hope (Saint Croix) | 48 °F (26.7 °C) |
| Virginia | 110 °F (43.3 °C) | July 15, 1954 | Balcony Falls | −30 °F (−34.4 °C) | January 22, 1985 | Pembroke | 140 °F (77.8 °C) |
| Washington | 120 °F (48.9 °C) | June 29, 2021 | Hanford Site | −48 °F (−44.4 °C) | December 30, 1968 | Winthrop | 168 °F (93.3 °C) |
| West Virginia | 112 °F (44.4 °C) | July 10, 1936 | Martinsburg | −37 °F (−38.3 °C) | December 30, 1917 | Lewisburg | 149 °F (82.8 °C) |
| Wisconsin | 114 °F (45.6 °C) | July 13, 1936 | Wisconsin Dells | −55 °F (−48.3 °C) | February 4, 1996 | Couderay | 169 °F (93.9 °C) |
| Wyoming | 116 °F (46.7 °C) | July 12, 1900 | Bitter Creek | −66 °F (−54.4 °C) | February 9, 1933 | Riverside Ranger Station | 182 °F (101.1 °C) |

Unreferenced data assumed to be from NOAA

1. National Climatic Data Center. "State Climate Extremes Committee (SCsEC)". Retrieved February 14, 2015.
2. http://scacis.rcc-acis.org/ SC ACIS (Applied Climate Information System). NOAA Regional Climate Centers. Retrieved September 5, 2019.
3. Sakas, Michael (October 4, 2019). "It's Official, Colorado's 'Wild Weather Year' Sets New High Temp And Hailstone Records". Retrieved October 5, 2019.
4. Christopher C. Burt. "Some Errors in the NCDC U.S.A. State Weather Extreme Records Data: Part 2". *wunderground.com*. Archived from the original on October 12, 2015.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
5. Samenow, Jason (June 29, 2012). "Washington, D.C. shatters all-time June record high, sizzles to 104". *The Washington Post*. Archived from the original on March 26, 2023.
6. https://web.archive.org/web/20101231041158/http://www.erh.noaa.gov/lwx/winter/DC-Winters.htm Watson, Barbara McNaught (November 17, 1999). "Washington Area Winters". National Weather Service. Archived from the original on December 31, 2010.
7. Christopher C. Burt. "Some Errors in the NCDC U.S.A. State Weather Extreme Records Data: Part 1". *wunderground.com*. Archived from the original on October 12, 2015.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
8. "Memorandum — Illinois State Record Minimum Temperature at Mt. Carroll" (PDF). NCDC. Retrieved March 7, 2019.
9. "UNITED STATES EXTREME RECORD TEMPERATURES & DIFFERENCES. Golden Gate Weather Services. Published 2014. Accessed 19 February 2019".
10. https://www.weather.gov/sju/climo\_extremes NOAA. National Weather Service. All Time Extremes for PR and VI. Retrieved September 5, 2019.
11. "Peter Sinks Temperature Monitoring". Utah Climate Center. Retrieved February 20, 2018.
12. Cappucci, Matthew (February 4, 2023). "'Historic Arctic outbreak' crushes records in New England". *The Washington Post*. Archived from the original on March 30, 2023.


title: Pennsylvania Grade Crude Oil

abstract: Pennsylvania Grade Crude Oil is a type of sweet crude oil, found primarily in the Appalachian basin in the Marcellus Formation in the states of New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, and West Virginia, and takes its name for the state of Pennsylvania, where it was first extracted in 1859 from the Drake Well.

text:
# Pennsylvania Grade Crude Oil

**Pennsylvania Grade Crude Oil** is a type of sweet crude oil (sweet crude oil), found primarily in the Appalachian basin in the Marcellus Formation in the states of New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, and West Virginia, and takes its name for the state of Pennsylvania, where it was first extracted in 1859 from the Drake Well.

## Background

The area's Pennsylvania Grade Crude Oil has superior qualities and is free of asphaltic constituents, contains only trace amounts of sulfur and nitrogen, and has excellent characteristics for refining into lubricants. The success of drilling for oil at this well led to "an international search for petroleum, and in many ways eventually changed the way we live." There is archaeological evidence that Native Americans harvested "the oil for medicinal purposes by digging small pits around active seeps and lining them with wood" at least as far back as 1410 AD. European settlers skimmed the "oil from the seeps and using the petroleum as a source of lamp fuel and machinery lubrication."

Pennsylvania grade crude oil can be broken down into gasoline, kerosene, fuel oil, gas oil, wax distillate, cylinder stock (or bottoms) and other refined products such as white oil and paraffin. Pennsylvania grade crude oil when seen in reflected sunlight has a green color and under ultraviolet light looks fluorescent.

Pennsylvania grade crude oil is thermally stable and has a high viscosity index. It is generally free of asphalt and has only trace amounts of sulfur and nitrogen. It is also high in paraffin and other waxes making it highly desirable for refinement into petroleum lubricants such as motor oil. Its products are also valuable for use in certain hydraulic applications. By-products are commonly found in consumer goods such as cosmetics, and topical ointments.

Products refined from this type of oil are particularly prized as lubricants and many oil companies prominently display the fact that they use Pennsylvania Grade crude oil in their products.

Bradford, Pennsylvania is major center for the refining of Pennsylvania grade crude oil.

## Pennsylvania Grade Crude Oil: the first well

Pennsylvania Grade Crude Oil was first extracted from the Drake Well, which was drilled by Edwin Drake in "the middle of quiet farm country in northwestern Pennsylvania" in 1859. It was the "first successful oil well that was drilled for the sole purpose of finding oil." His success led to "an international search for petroleum, and in many ways eventually changed the way we live."

## Pennsylvania Grade Crude Oil: the first oil boom

With the success of the first drilled well, in the quiet farming region around Oil Creek towns like Bradford were created and the area was rapidly transformed into the center of the Pennsylvania oil rush in the late 19th century, similar to the growth of gold rush towns of the Wild West. The original Drake Well burned to the ground only a few months after it was built and a second well was erected. In the late nineteenth century, early developers had no geological knowledge of the geological formation and wells were drilled at random with derricks built very close together. "There were frequent fires that raged out of control." Until the East Texas oil boom the oil Regions in Pennsylvania were responsible for fifty percent of the world's oil production.

## Bradford

The community of Bradford emerged as a wild oil boom town in the Pennsylvania oil rush in the late 19th century. In 1881, Joseph Newton Pew (1848–1912), founder of Sun Oil Company (now Sunoco) developed the Keystone Gas Company which used the by-products of oil, such as natural gas, to provide heat and light for By 1889 Newton's Keystone Gas Company was delivering gas to Pittsburgh.

Bradford is still a major center for the refining of Pennsylvania grade crude oil.


title: William Averell

abstract: William Averell was an English pamphleteer, prose writer, parish clerk, and schoolmaster. He is best known as the author of A Mervalious Combat of Contrarieties (1588) that William Shakespeare used as the source for the parable of the revolt of the members against the belly in Coriolanus.

text:
# William Averell

**William Averell** (*baptised* 12 February 1556 – *buried* 23 September 1605) was an English pamphleteer, prose writer, parish clerk, and schoolmaster. He is best known as the author of *A Mervalious Combat of Contrarieties* (1588) that William Shakespeare used as the source for the parable of the revolt of the members against the belly in *Coriolanus*.

## Birth, life, and death

Averell's baptism on 12 February 1556 is recorded in the records of the parish of St Peter upon Cornhill. His father, a joiner, was John Averell (d. 1569), and his mother Margareth (d. 1578). Nothing is known about his early life and education, but William E. Burns, writing about Averell in the *Oxford Dictionary of National Biography*, notes that he was a member of the Worshipful Company of Merchant Taylors and the Worshipful Company of Vintners. Burns also notes that Averell's prose is Euphuistic and draws on classical knowledge, despite there being no record of his having graduated from Oxford or Cambridge.

On 2 November 1578 he married Gyllian Averell, née Goodale (1556–1596), the daughter of a baker, Robert Goodale and his wife, Ann. Their first child, Annes, was born three months after the wedding. Burns points out the irony of Averell conceiving a child before marriage given the moralism of some of his pamphlets. Gyllian Averell died in 1596, shortly after the birth of their 17th child.

Averell remarried and had a further daughter, Elizabeth, born 28 November 1597. Averell died in 1605 and was buried in St Peter upon Cornhill on 23 September.

## Works

Averell supported himself by working as a parish clerk and schoolmaster in St Peter upon Cornhill, where he adorned the parish registers with drawings and poems. He was also a pamphleteer and prose writer, and "published several works showing literary versatility and a keen desire to acquire the patronage of the London civic élite."

His first known publication, *An excellent historie, both pithy and pleasant, on the life and death of Charles and Julia, two Brittish, or rather Welsh lovers* (1581), was a verse story of star-crossed lovers set in the period of British mythology at the time of Brutus of Troy, and was dedicated to Henry Campyon, a mercer and brewer. Burns describes it as "not a distinguished piece of literature", but it was one of the few romantic poems of the period that used a British rather than Italian setting.

The next was *A wonderfull and straunge newes, which happened in the county of Suffolke, and Essex, the first of February, being Friday, where it rayned wheat, the space of vi or vii miles compass* (1583). This was a prodigy pamphlet that took a zealously Protestant stand, arguing that the referenced wonder was a sign of the end of the world. It was followed by *A Dyall for Dainty Darlings* (1584), dedicated to William Wrathe, warden of the Mercers' Company. This was expanded and reissued as *Four Notable Histories* (1590), now dedicated to Hugh Ofley.

The publication for which Averell is best known is *A Mervalious Combat of Contrarieties* (1588). It begins as a dialogue between the parts of the body in which the tongue urges the body to revolt against the belly and back because of their greed and pride, but is ultimately unmasked as a traitor. Averell eventually abandons the dialogue format and concludes with an exhortation to loyalty to the queen. It was published during the Armada crisis, dedicated to Sir George Bond, the Lord Mayor of London, and includes fierce attacks on Roman Catholics and Jesuits. It was also the principal source for William Shakespeare's use of the parable of the revolt of the members against the belly in *Coriolanus*.

## Notes and references

### Notes

### References

1. Burns 2004.

## Sources

* Burns, William E. (2004). "Averell, William (bap. 1556, d. 1605)". *Oxford Dictionary of National Biography* (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/40543. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

## Further reading


title: Liang-style baguazhang

abstract:
Liang Style Baguazhang is the style of Baguazhang descended from Liang Zhenpu, the youngest disciple of Baguazhang's founder, Dong Haichuan. In general, most lineages of Liang style descend from either Guo Gumin or Li Ziming:
  - Dong Haichuan
    - Liang Zhenpu
      - An Guoliang
      - Chen Delu
      - Da Mingliang
      - Dong Wenxiu
      - Fu Zhenlun
      - Gao Qisheng
      - Gao Qinfeng
      - Gao Qingyung
      - Geng Ziyu
      - Guo Gumin
        - Gao Ziying
          - Gao Jiwu
          - Yang Bao
          - Shao Jinzhang
        - Gao Ziwu
      - Hu Zibin
      - Jia Yian
      - Li Ziming
        - Ma Chuanxu
        - Vince Black
        - Di Guoyong
          - Byron Jacobs
        - Li Gong Cheng
          - Ong Ming Thong
        - Ling Changyong
          - Shi Xingbao
        - Ma Ling
        - Sui Yunjian
        - Sun Hunyan
        - Wang Tong
          - Geoff Sweeting
        - Wang Shitong
        - Yang Jiacang
        - Zhang Huasen
        - Zhang Quanliang
        - Zhao Dayuan
        - Zhuoteng Jinbinwei
      - Li Jinhua
      - Li Jingbao
      - Li Mengrui
      - Li Tongtai
      - Li Wancai
      - Liu Huating
      - Liu Baoding
      - Liu Hegui
      - Lu Ermazi
      - Ma Laopang
      - Qin Laodu
      - Su Sanpang
      - Tian Zhenfeng
      - Wang Chaoren
      - Wang Chenzhai
      - Wang Fengxiu
      - Xia Songling
      - Zhang Donghai
      - Zhao Shikui In general, Liang style appears somewhat similar to both Yin and Cheng styles; most Liang style practitioners are concentrated in Beijing. As its technical basis, Liang style Baguazhang has the "Eight Mother Palms" and the "Eight Changing Palms", from which more complicated linking forms are derived like the "Dragon Form", "64 Linear Palms", "Linking Palms" and "Eight Directions Palms". Liang style is also known for its large array of weapons: Big Broadsword, Straight Sword, Spear, Rooster Knives, Chicken Claw Knives, Mandarin Duck Knives, Crescent Moon Knives, Kun Lun Fan, Yin Yang Pen Brush, Steel "Yo-Yo" Meteors, Seven Star Rod, Wind and Fire Rings.

text:
# Liang-style baguazhang

**Liang Style Baguazhang** is the style of Baguazhang descended from Liang Zhenpu, the youngest disciple of Baguazhang's founder, Dong Haichuan. In general, most lineages of Liang style descend from either Guo Gumin or Li Ziming:

* Dong Haichuan
    + Liang Zhenpu
        - An Guoliang
        - Chen Delu
        - Da Mingliang
        - Dong Wenxiu
        - Fu Zhenlun
        - Gao Qisheng
        - Gao Qinfeng
        - Gao Qingyung
        - Geng Ziyu
        - Guo Gumin
            * Gao Ziying
                + Gao Jiwu
                + Yang Bao
                + Shao Jinzhang
            * Gao Ziwu
        - Hu Zibin
        - Jia Yian
        - Li Ziming
            * Ma Chuanxu (eldest disciple)
            * Vince Black
            * Di Guoyong
                + Byron Jacobs
            * Li Gong Cheng
                + Ong Ming Thong
            * Ling Changyong
                + Shi Xingbao
            * Ma Ling
            * Sui Yunjian
            * Sun Hunyan
            * Wang Tong
                + Geoff Sweeting
            * Wang Shitong
            * Yang Jiacang
            * Zhang Huasen
            * Zhang Quanliang
            * Zhao Dayuan
            * Zhuoteng Jinbinwei
        - Li Jinhua
        - Li Jingbao
        - Li Mengrui
        - Li Tongtai
        - Li Wancai
        - Liu Huating
        - Liu Baoding
        - Liu Hegui
        - Lu Ermazi
        - Ma Laopang
        - Qin Laodu
        - Su Sanpang
        - Tian Zhenfeng
        - Wang Chaoren
        - Wang Chenzhai
        - Wang Fengxiu
        - Xia Songling
        - Zhang Donghai
        - Zhao Shikui

In general, Liang style appears somewhat similar to both Yin and Cheng styles; most Liang style practitioners are concentrated in Beijing.

As its technical basis, Liang style Baguazhang has the "Eight Mother Palms" (Ding Shi Ba Zhang) and the "Eight Changing Palms" (Ba Da Zhang aka Lao Ba Zhang), from which more complicated linking forms are derived like the "Dragon Form" (Long Xing Zhang), "64 Linear Palms" (Liushisi Shou Zhang), "Linking Palms" (Lian Huan Zhang) and "Eight Directions Palms" (Ba Mian Zhang). Liang style is also known for its large array of weapons: Big Broadsword, Straight Sword, Spear, Rooster Knives, Chicken Claw Knives, Mandarin Duck Knives, Crescent Moon Knives (aka Deer Horn Knives), Kun Lun Fan, Yin Yang Pen Brush, Steel "Yo-Yo" Meteors, Seven Star Rod, Wind and Fire Rings.

## InfoBox

Liang Style Baguazhang
| Hardness | Internal (*neijia*) |
| --- | --- |
| Country of origin | China |
| Creator | Liang Zhenpu |
| Famous practitioners | Guo Gumin, Li Ziming, Vince Black |
| Parenthood | Baguazhang |
| Olympic sport | No |


title: Tracey Freeman

abstract: Susan Marjory "Tracey" Freeman was an Australian Paralympic athlete who won ten medals at two Paralympics.

text:
# Tracey Freeman

**Susan Marjory "Tracey" Freeman** (née Lumby; 10 January 1948 – 4 October 2023) was an Australian Paralympic athlete who won ten medals at two Paralympics.

## Personal life

Freeman was born on 10 January 1948 and became a quadriplegic due to polio at the age of two in 1951, while living in the Queensland city of Mount Isa. She went to the Crippled Children's Centre in the Sydney suburb of Redfern until the age of 15, when she moved to the Mt Wilga Rehabilitation Centre. She developed a passion for sports competition, having been introduced to archery, field events and swimming during her rehabilitation. She then moved with her family back to Queensland and spent time at the Kingsholm Rehabilitation Centre in Brisbane. She married Warren Freeman shortly before the 1972 Heidelberg Paralympics and they had two children.

Freeman died in the Queensland city of Gladstone on 4 October 2023, at the age of 75.

## Career

Freeman's first national competition was the National Wheelchair Games in Sydney, where she won all the events she entered; she broke Australian records in discus, javelin, shot put and the 60 m sprint, and won a gold medal in table tennis. She was therefore selected for a place in the Australian team at the 1972 Heidelberg Paralympics, where she won three gold medals and broke world records in the Women's Discus 1B, Women's Javelin 1B, and Women's Shot Put 1B events, and two silver medals in the Women's 60 m Wheelchair 1B and Women's Slalom 1B events. She was the most successful athlete at the games, the first Australian woman to win a gold medal at a Paralympic athletics competition, and one of Australia's first high-profile Paralympic competitors.

Freeman defended her national titles in athletics events at the 1973 National Wheelchair Games in Adelaide and won a gold medal in the wheelchair slalom. She won four gold medals in shot put, discus, javelin, and slalom and broke world records in the first two events at the 1974 Commonwealth Paraplegic Games in Dunedin. The next year, she won gold medals in the discus and shot put and silver medals in the 60 m and slalom at the 1975 FESPIC Games in Japan. At the 1976 Toronto Games, she won three gold medals and three world records in the Women's 60 m 1C, Women's Javelin 1C, and Women's Shot Put 1C events, and two silver medals in the Women's Discus 1C and Women's Slalom 1C events. She hoped to participate in the 1980 Arnhem Paralympics but a car accident just before the games forced her to withdraw from the competition. She made a comeback in the early 1990s, when she once again won medals in national competitions and set Australian records, before retiring in early 1996.

## Recognition

In 1976, Freeman became the first athlete with a disability to win *The Courier-Mail* Sportswoman of the Year award. In 2000, she received an Australian Sports Medal. In December 2016, Freeman was inducted into the Australian Paralympic Hall of Fame.

## InfoBox

Tracey Freeman
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Susan Marjory Freeman |
| Nationality | Australia |
| Born | (1948-01-10)10 January 1948 |
| Died | 4 October 2023(2023-10-04) (aged 75)<br>Gladstone, Queensland, Australia |
| Medal record      Athletics  Paralympic Games  1972 Heidelberg Women's Discus 1B  1972 Heidelberg Women's Javelin 1B  1972 Heidelberg Women's Shot Put 1B  1976 Toronto Women's 60 m 1C  1976 Toronto Women's Javelin 1C  1976 Toronto Women's Shot Put 1C  1972 Heidelberg Women's 60 m Wheelchair 1B  1972 Heidelberg Women's Slalom 1B  1976 Toronto Women's Discus 1C  1976 Toronto Women's Javelin 1C | |


title: Minuscule 813

abstract: Minuscule 813, is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament written on parchment. Palaeographically it had been assigned to the 12th century.

text:
# Minuscule 813

**Minuscule 813** (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament written on parchment. Palaeographically it had been assigned to the 12th century.

## Description

The codex contains the text of the four Gospels, on 70 (?) parchment leaves (size 17.7 cm by 12.3 cm). According to Gregory the manuscript contained texts of: Matthew 27:14-30; 28:1-18; Mark 7:31-16:20; Luke 1:1-12:6.

The text is written in one column per page, 27 lines per page.

The text is divided according to the κεφαλαια (*chapters*), whose numbers are given at the margin, with their τιτλοι (*titles of chapters*) at the top of the pages. There is also another division according to the Ammonian Sections (in Mark 237 Sections, the last section in 16,14), with references to the Eusebian Canons (written below Ammonian Sections numbers).

It contained Prolegomena of Cosmas, tables of the κεφαλαια (*tables of contents*) before each of the Gospels, and subscriptions at the end of each of the Gospels.

The textual character of the codex is unknown because no one examined its readings.

## History

The manuscript was dated by Gregory to the 12th century.

The manuscript was found in Corfu by Gregory in 1886. It belonged to Archbishop Eustathius.

It was added to the list of New Testament manuscripts by Gregory (813e).

The manuscript has been lost. Actual owner of the manuscript and place of its housing is unknown.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

Minuscule **813**
| **New Testament manuscript** | |
| --- | --- |
| Text | Gospels |
| Date | 12th century |
| Script | Greek |
| Now at | ? |
| Size | 17.7 cm by 12.3 cm |
| Type | ? |
| Category | none |
| Note |  |


title: Radomicko, Greater Poland Voivodeship

abstract: Radomicko is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lipno, within Leszno County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) north-west of Lipno, 12 km (7 mi) north of Leszno, and 57 km (35 mi) south-west of the regional capital Poznań.

text:
# Radomicko, Greater Poland Voivodeship

**Radomicko** \[radɔˈmit͡skɔ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lipno, within Leszno County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) north-west of Lipno, 12 km (7 mi) north of Leszno, and 57 km (35 mi) south-west of the regional capital Poznań.

## InfoBox

| Radomicko | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Radomicko | |
| Coordinates: 51°57′N 16°32′E / 51.950°N 16.533°E / 51.950; 16.533 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Greater Poland |
| County | Leszno |
| Gmina | Lipno |
| Population | 311 |


title: Radomirka

abstract: Radomirka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wysokie, within Lublin County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland.

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# Radomirka

**Radomirka** \[radɔˈmirka\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wysokie, within Lublin County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland.

## InfoBox

| Radomirka | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Radomirka | |
| Coordinates: 50°57′03″N 22°44′41″E / 50.95083°N 22.74472°E / 50.95083; 22.74472 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Lublin |
| County | Lublin |
| Gmina | Wysokie |


title: Mackenzie Evangelical College of Paraná

abstract: The Mackenzie Evangelical College of Paraná is a private higher education institution located in Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. Founded in 1968, it offers graduate and postgraduate programs in the healthcare field. The Mackenzie Evangelical University Hospital, founded in 1959, containing 475 beds, is the college’s teaching hospital.

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# Mackenzie Evangelical College of Paraná

The **Mackenzie Evangelical College of Paraná** is a private higher education institution located in Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. Founded in 1968, it offers graduate and postgraduate programs in the healthcare field. The Mackenzie Evangelical University Hospital, founded in 1959, containing 475 beds, is the college’s teaching hospital.

## History

The Mackenzie Evangelical College of Paraná was founded in 1968, after Dr. Daniel Egg’s plans for the establishment of a new medical school were presented to the Mackenzie Evangelical University Hospital, which, by partnering the Beneficent Evangelical Society and politicians, implemented them. 45 students were admitted for the class of 1974.

Lectures began on January 2, 1969, hosted at the college’s first building, at Alameda Princesa Izabel, where the Mackenzie Evangelical University Hospital pediatrics unit is currently located.

In 1987, the first edition of the *Conclave Científico dos Acadêmicos de Medicina* \- *CONCIAM* (Medical Students’ Scientific Congress) was organized by the college’s professors and students.

During the year of 1994, the institution developed and implemented several new *stricto sensu* and *lato sensu* postgraduate courses, which currently maintain partnerships with the Boston Children's Hospital and the Brigham and Women’s Hospital. Furthermore, in the same year, the establishment inaugurated the *Instituto de Pesquisas Médicas**IPEM* (Medical Research Institute) building, near the hospital facilities.

On the college’s 31st anniversary (2000), the establishment was renamed to Evangelical College of Paraná. The following year, after the medicine course expansion and the creation of new graduation programs, the need for the construction of a new building increased. Thus, in 2004 a new building was erected at Rua Padre Anchieta, 2770, where the college remains located.

On September 27, 2018, the college and hospital were acquired by the Mackenzie Presbyterian Institute, that renamed both institutions to Mackenzie Evangelical College of Paraná and Mackenzie Evangelical University Hospital, respectively.

In 2021, the medicine course was accredited by the Accreditation System of Medical Schools (SAEME), developed by the Brazilian Federal Council of Medicine.

## Medical Students' Scientific Congress

The Medical Student’s Scientific Congress (*Conclave Científico dos Acadêmicos de Medicina* – CONCIAM) is an event created by the professors and students from the Mackenzie Evangelical College of Paraná in which lectures and scientific research are presented throughout 4 consecutive days. Its first edition was presented in 1987, occurring annually since then.

## InfoBox

Mackenzie Evangelical College of Paraná
| Faculdade Evangélica Mackenzie do Paraná | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Former name | Evangelical College of Paraná Evangelical Medicine College of Paraná |
| Type | Private |
| Established | 1968 |
| Founder | Daniel Egg |
| Parent institution | Mackenzie Presbyterian Institute |
| Total staff | 42 |
| Students | 728 |
| Address | Rua Padre Anchieta, 2770, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil<br>25°26′7.33″S 49°18′21.74″W / 25.4353694°S 49.3060389°W / -25.4353694; -49.3060389 |
| Campus | Urban |
| Colours | Red |
| Website | https://www.mackenzie.br/faculdades/curitiba/home/ |
|  | |


title: Macquarie, Australian Capital Territory

abstract: Macquarie is a residential suburb in the Belconnen district of Canberra, located within the Australian Capital Territory, Australia. Macquarie was gazetted as a division on 22 June 1967 in recognition of Major-General Lachlan Macquarie, a former Governor of New South Wales. Streets in Macquarie are named after contemporaries of Governor Macquarie. Macquarie is located in the inner north Canberra district of Belconnen. It is bordered to the north by Belconnen Way, Bindubi Street to the east, Redfern Street to the south and Coulter Drive to the west.

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# Macquarie, Australian Capital Territory

**Macquarie** (/ˈməkwɒri/) is a residential suburb in the Belconnen district of Canberra, located within the Australian Capital Territory, Australia. Macquarie was gazetted as a division on 22 June 1967 in recognition of Major-General Lachlan Macquarie, a former Governor of New South Wales. Streets in Macquarie are named after contemporaries of Governor Macquarie.

Macquarie is located in the inner north Canberra district of Belconnen. It is bordered to the north by Belconnen Way, Bindubi Street to the east, Redfern Street to the south and Coulter Drive to the west.

## Demographics

At the 2016 census, Macquarie had a population of 2,700 people. The census shows that Macquarie residents have an average age of 36 compared to a Canberra average of 35.

The population of Macquarie is predominantly Australian-born at 65.7% with the second most common birthplace being China (excluding SARs and Taiwan) at 4.0% of the population. Accommodation is predominantly separate houses (70.7%) with a gradual increase in flats, units and apartments (17.9%, slightly under the ACT and Australian averages) since previous census periods. There are a group of streets with public housing adjacent to the Jamison Centre.

## Suburb amenities

There is a small shopping centre on Lachlan Street in Macquarie that has a Medical Centre, Chemist, Coffee Shop and *Kinh Doh* Vietnamese restaurant.

The Jamison Centre is the major shopping centre in Macquarie and has a popular outdoor Rotary community market every Sunday morning.

Adjacent to the Jamison Centre is Big Splash, one of Canberra's few privately owned but public swimming pools and home to Canberra's only outdoor water slide.

On the corner of Bindubi Street and Belconnen Way is the Canberra High School originally established in 1938 at Telopea Park School and then Acton from 1939 until moving to the current site when officially opened on 21 August 1972; it has large playing fields between it and the swimming pool.

Macquarie Primary School on Bennelong Crescent is a government run school established in 1968 and was the first school in Belconnen.

## Transport

ACTION bus route 32 connects Macquarie with Belconnen Town Centre and Civic.

## Political representation

For the purposes of Australian federal elections for the House of Representatives, Macquarie is in the Division of Canberra.

For the purposes of Australian Capital Territory elections for the ACT Legislative Assembly, Macquarie is in the Ginninderra electorate.

## Geology

Greywacke from the Ordovician Pittman Formation forms a band down the east of Macquarie. This has been uplifted on the east side of the Deakin Fault. The fault heads in the north east direction in this suburb, whereas the Deakin fault normally heads in the north west direction. A porphyry of Green-grey Dacitic intrusive containing large white feldspar crystals is found under the Jamison Centre. Green grey rhyodacite of the Walker Volcanics underlie the center and west of Macquarie.

* Canberra Suburbs, radio show, 666 ABC (23 December 2002)

## InfoBox

| Macquarie
Canberra, Australian Capital Territory | |
| --- | --- |
| Jamison Centre | |
| Macquarie | |
| Coordinates | 35°15′03″S 149°03′53″E / 35.25083°S 149.06472°E / -35.25083; 149.06472 |
| Population | 3,104 (SAL 2021) |
| Established | 1967 |
| Postcode(s) | 2614 |
| Area | 1.7 km2 (0.7 sq mi) |
| District | Belconnen |
| Territory electorate(s) | Ginninderra |
| Federal division(s) | Canberra |
| **Suburbs around Macquarie:**  Page Belconnen Bruce  Weetangera Macquarie Aranda  Cook Aranda | |


title: Four Stones for Kanemitsu

abstract: Four Stones for Kanemitsu is a 1973 American short documentary film, written and produced by June Wayne and filmed by Terry Sanders. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Short. The film is educational and records in details each of the steps in making of a color lithograph by artist, Matsumi Kanemitsu.

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# Four Stones for Kanemitsu

***Four Stones for Kanemitsu*** is a 1973 American short documentary film, written and produced by June Wayne and filmed by Terry Sanders. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Short. The film is educational and records in details each of the steps in making of a color lithograph by artist, Matsumi Kanemitsu.

## InfoBox

| Four Stones for Kanemitsu | |
| --- | --- |
| Produced by | June Wayne |
| Starring | Matsumi Kanemitsu |
| Cinematography | Eric Daarstad and Terry Sanders |
| Edited by | Jax Cambas |
| Production<br>company | Tamarind Institute |
| Distributed by | Tamarind Institute |
| Release date | * 1973 (1973) |
| Running time | 28 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: Vainakhia

abstract: Vainakhia is a historical territory of Chechens and Ingush, is located in the Russian Caucasus. It includes the historic lands of Vainakh Chechnya, Ingushetia, the eastern part of North Ossetia and parts of north and west Dagestan. It has many historical sites. In 2004, rebels attempted to create a Vainakh republic by merging Chechnya and Ingushetia. The region was originally known as the Chechen-Ingush ASSR when it was established in 1934. The Chechens and Ingush were among the many people who were forcibly relocated by Joseph Stalin, but were allowed to return by the early 1960s. During the Parade of Sovereignties of the 1980s and 1990s, the Chechens demanded greater independence from Moscow. Relations quickly improved following the establishment of the Vainakhish Republic as a sovereign entity within the Soviet Union. Throughout the 2000s, the republic experienced a growing economy, infrastructure and population, becoming one of the fastest growing areas within the former USSR. In September 1989, at the 2nd Congress of the Ingush people, some participants used terms such as "Vainakhish people" and "Vainakhish nation". Sovietologist Abdurakhman Avtorkhanov was convinced that the Chechens and Ingush once constituted one nation which was called "Vainakhs". It was referenced many times in the 1915 novel, Bageloun.

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# Vainakhia

**Vainakhia** (Chechen Вайнехачоь, Vaynexaҫö; Russian Вайнахия, Vainakhia) is a historical territory of Chechens and Ingush (Vainakhish peoples), is located in the Russian Caucasus. It includes the historic lands of Vainakh Chechnya, Ingushetia, the eastern part of North Ossetia and parts of north and west Dagestan. It has many historical sites. In 2004, rebels attempted to create a Vainakh republic by merging Chechnya and Ingushetia.

The region was originally known as the Chechen-Ingush ASSR when it was established in 1934. The Chechens and Ingush were among the many people who were forcibly relocated by Joseph Stalin, but were allowed to return by the early 1960s.

During the Parade of Sovereignties of the 1980s and 1990s, the Chechens demanded greater independence from Moscow. Relations quickly improved following the establishment of the Vainakhish Republic as a sovereign entity within the Soviet Union.

Throughout the 2000s, the republic experienced a growing economy, infrastructure and population, becoming one of the fastest growing areas within the former USSR. In September 1989, at the 2nd Congress of the Ingush people, some participants used terms such as "Vainakhish people" and "Vainakhish nation". Sovietologist Abdurakhman Avtorkhanov was convinced that the Chechens and Ingush once constituted one nation which was called "Vainakhs". It was referenced many times in the 1915 novel, *Bageloun*.

## Literature