title: Rebecca Hart

abstract: Rebecca Hart is a para-equestrian from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Hart was born with a rare genetic disease, familial spastic paraplegia (FSP). FSP affected Hart as a child with difficulty gaining strength in her upper body as well as slowing down her motor development. At the age of 10, Rebecca began horse riding. Just a few years later after attending the Paralympic movement in 1998 at a regional competition in Atlanta, Georgia, Hart realized that she would like to train for competition. That same year, 1998, Hart purchased her first horse. Hart has been the United States Equestrian Federation (USEF) National Para-Equestrian Champion six times; 2006, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2012, and 2014. Hart made her first appearance at the Beijing Paralympics in 2008, competing with her horse Norteassa. She would go on to claim 4th place in freestyle at her first games. She would go on to compete with Norteassa at the World Equestrian Games (WEG) in Lexington, KY, which would be her last competition with Norteassa. After Norteassa's retirement, she went on to ride Missy Ransehousen's Lord Ludger for the 2012 season. The 2012 season was a very successful one for Rebecca and ‘LoLu’, winning the Wellington Sunshine Classic CPEDI3* along with the 2012 National Para-Equestrian Championships. Winning these competitions is what named Rebecca and LoLu as members of the 2012 United States Paralympic Team, as well as naming Rebecca Team Captain. Rebecca went on to score the highest among all other U.S. team members at the 2012 London Paralympics. Schroeter's Romani was purchased for Rebecca at the end of 2014. Together they were named the National Champions in 2014, along with being named to the 2014 World Equestrian Games in Normandy, France. Soon after Rebecca won the 2015 Global/Adequan CPEDI3* in Florida.

text:
# Rebecca Hart

**Rebecca Hart** (born October 26, 1984) is a para-equestrian from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Hart was born with a rare genetic disease, familial spastic paraplegia (FSP). FSP affected Hart as a child with difficulty gaining strength in her upper body as well as slowing down her motor development.

At the age of 10, Rebecca began horse riding. Just a few years later after attending the Paralympic movement in 1998 at a regional competition in Atlanta, Georgia, Hart realized that she would like to train for competition. That same year, 1998, Hart purchased her first horse.

Hart has been the United States Equestrian Federation (USEF) National Para-Equestrian Champion six times; 2006, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2012, and 2014. Hart made her first appearance at the Beijing Paralympics in 2008, competing with her horse Norteassa. She would go on to claim 4th place in freestyle at her first games.

She would go on to compete with Norteassa at the World Equestrian Games (WEG) in Lexington, KY, which would be her last competition with Norteassa. After Norteassa's retirement, she went on to ride Missy Ransehousen's Lord Ludger for the 2012 season. The 2012 season was a very successful one for Rebecca and ‘LoLu’, winning the Wellington Sunshine Classic CPEDI3\* along with the 2012 National Para-Equestrian Championships. Winning these competitions is what named Rebecca and LoLu as members of the 2012 United States Paralympic Team, as well as naming Rebecca Team Captain. Rebecca went on to score the highest among all other U.S. team members at the 2012 London Paralympics.

Schroeter's Romani was purchased for Rebecca at the end of 2014. Together they were named the National Champions in 2014, along with being named to the 2014 World Equestrian Games in Normandy, France. Soon after Rebecca won the 2015 Global/Adequan CPEDI3\* in Florida.

## Personal life

Hart was born in Pittsburgh on October 26, 1984. She is 5' 5" and weighs 123 lbs. She attended Villa Maria Academy High School in Erie, PA and graduated in 2003. Her college was Pennsylvania State University, from which she graduated in 2009 with a degree in business.

## Paralympic career

Hart has a Grade II classification in Paralympic sport and has competed in both individual and team dressage events. She competed at the Summer Paralympics in 2008, 2012, 2016, and 2024. She won gold at the 2024 Summer Paralympics.

## Awards and recognition

Hart was awarded the 2015 Travel & Training Fund Grant Recipient from The Women's Sports Foundation.

## InfoBox

Rebecca Hart
| Medal record | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Para-equestrian | | |
| Representing  United States | | |
| Paralympic Games | | |
|  | 2024 Paris | Individual championship test grade III |
|  | 2024 Paris | Individual freestyle test grade III |
|  | 2024 Paris | Team |


title: Raymond Howard (politician)

abstract: Raymond Howard is an American politician who served in the Missouri Senate and the Missouri House of Representatives. He was previously elected to the Missouri House of Representatives in 1964, serving until 1968. Howard served in the U.S. Army as a paratrooper in the 82nd Airborne, reaching the rank of lieutenant. In 1968, Howard defeated Michael Kinney, the longest-serving elected official in Missouri, if not the United States. In 1976, Howard was defeated for re-election by J. B. Banks by 417 votes. In 2014, he was inducted into the National Bar Association Hall of Fame.

text:
# Raymond Howard (politician)

**Raymond Howard** (born March 13, 1935) is an American politician who served in the Missouri Senate and the Missouri House of Representatives. He was previously elected to the Missouri House of Representatives in 1964, serving until 1968. Howard served in the U.S. Army as a paratrooper in the 82nd Airborne, reaching the rank of lieutenant.

In 1968, Howard defeated Michael Kinney, the longest-serving elected official in Missouri, if not the United States. In 1976, Howard was defeated for re-election by J. B. Banks by 417 votes.

In 2014, he was inducted into the National Bar Association Hall of Fame.

1. "Our Campaigns - MO State Senate 05 Race - Nov 05, 1968".
2. "Our Campaigns - MO State Senate 05 Race - Nov 07, 1972".
3. James C. Kirkpatrick. *Official Manual State of Missouri 1975-1976*. Jefferson City, Missouri: Von Hoffmann Press, Inc. p. 94.
4. "Remember the longest-serving senator". 28 June 2010. Retrieved 2014-09-28.
5. "State Sen. Michael Kinney". 2013-02-22. Retrieved 2014-09-28.
6. William L. Clay (2004). *Bill Clay: A Political Voice at the Grass Roots*. Friesens, Canada: University of Missouri Press.
7. "Raymond Howard inducted into Hall of Fame". 2014-05-01. Retrieved 2014-09-28.

## InfoBox

| Raymond Howard | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Missouri Senate
from the 5th district | |
| **In office**
January 3, 1969  January 3, 1977 | |
| Preceded by | Michael Kinney |
| Succeeded by | J. B. Banks |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1935-03-13) March 13, 1935
St. Louis, Missouri |
| Nationality | American |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse | Sharon Cecile Enoex |
| Children | 2 |
| Alma mater | University of Wisconsin–Madison, Saint Louis University School of Law |
| Occupation | lawyer |
|  | |


title: Raymond Hough House

abstract: The Raymond Hough House, at 312 S. 2nd in Bridger, Montana, was built in 1910. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987. It is a two-story wood-frame house. The house has elements of Colonial Revival and Queen Anne style.

text:
# Raymond Hough House

The **Raymond Hough House**, at 312 S. 2nd in Bridger, Montana, was built in 1910. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.

It is a two-story wood-frame house. The house has elements of Colonial Revival and Queen Anne style.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Raymond Hough House | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | 312 S. Second, Bridger, Montana |
| Coordinates | 45°17′35″N 108°54′54″W / 45.29306°N 108.91500°W / 45.29306; -108.91500 |
| Area | less than one acre |
| Built | 1910 |
| Architectural style | Colonial Revival, Queen Anne |
| MPS | Bridger MRA |
| NRHP reference No. | 87001242 |
| Added to NRHP | September 15, 1987 |


title: Ray Brubaker

abstract: Ray Keith Brubaker was an American professional baseball player and manager. Brubaker never appeared in Major League Baseball, but was a stalwart in the minor leagues, playing for 141⁄2 seasons for the Oakland Oaks of the Pacific Coast League, and continuing as a manager at all levels of the minors. His life and career ended at age 54 when he suffered a fatal heart attack while managing his team, the Terre Haute Phillies of the Class B Illinois–Indiana–Iowa League, during a league game against the Waterloo White Hawks on May 1, 1947.

text:
# Ray Brubaker

**Ray Keith Brubaker** (November 19, 1892 – May 1, 1947) was an American professional baseball player and manager. Brubaker never appeared in Major League Baseball, but was a stalwart in the minor leagues, playing for 1412 seasons for the Oakland Oaks of the Pacific Coast League, and continuing as a manager at all levels of the minors.

His life and career ended at age 54 when he suffered a fatal heart attack while managing his team, the Terre Haute Phillies of the Class B Illinois–Indiana–Iowa League, during a league game against the Waterloo White Hawks on May 1, 1947.

## Lengthy playing career

Brubaker was a native of Portland, Indiana. He attended Earlham College, Richmond, Indiana, and spent off-seasons as a teacher and coach in his hometown's school system.

Primarily a shortstop as an active player, he threw and batted right-handed, stood 5 feet 9 inches (1.75 m) tall and weighed 170 pounds (77 kg). Although his first pro experience came as early as 1912 with Tulsa in the Oklahoma State League, Brubaker's playing career began in earnest in 1914. He joined Oakland during the 1920 minor league season, and played in 1,833 games for the Oaks through 1934, spending two seasons (1933–34) as playing manager. All told, he played 2,338 minor-league games, collected over 2,180 hits (including 25 home runs) and batted .286. Through 1946, Brubaker managed nine different minor league clubs, and served in the organizations of the Chicago White Sox, Detroit Tigers and Philadelphia Phillies.

## Fatally stricken in dugout during game

After managing the 1946 Terre Haute Phillies to a fourth place, 63–60 mark in 1946 and a playoff berth, Brubaker was invited to return for 1947.

But, according to a 2012 retrospective in the *Terre Haute Tribune-Star*, Brubaker was in poor health during the early weeks of the 1947 season. Before the May 1 game in Waterloo, Iowa, he complained of indigestion, but accompanied his team to the ballpark for their contest against the White Hawks. During the ninth inning of a tense, 3–3 game, he collapsed in the visitors' dugout. The game was halted and Brubaker was carried to the team's clubhouse, where he was pronounced dead from a heart attack.

His funeral was held six days later in Portland. Pitcher Whitey Gluchoski, who was Brubaker's third-base coach during the May 1 game, temporarily assumed the managerial reins. Terre Haute finished the season in second place in the 1947 Three-I League but was eliminated during the first round of the playoffs by the eventual league champion White Hawks.


title: Ready for the Weekend (song)

abstract: "Ready for the Weekend" is a song by Scottish recording artist Calvin Harris. It features uncredited vocals from British singer Mary Pearce. Written and produced by Harris himself, the song was released on 9 August 2009 as the second single from his second studio album of the same name (2009).

text:
# Ready for the Weekend (song)

"**Ready for the Weekend**" is a song by Scottish recording artist Calvin Harris. It features uncredited vocals from British singer Mary Pearce. Written and produced by Harris himself, the song was released on 9 August 2009 as the second single from his second studio album of the same name (2009).

## Background

The song features guest vocals by British singer Mary Pearce, who previously worked as a backing vocalist for Beverley Knight, Lionel Richie and Chaka Khan. Remixes by High Contrast, Fake Blood and Dave Spoon were also announced. It made its world debut on 12 June 2009 with Pete Tong on BBC Radio 1. On 13 July 2009 it was featured as the Song of the Day on Popjustice. Harris performed the song at the iTunes Festival '09 on 18 July 2009 in London. It debuted on the UK Singles Chart at number three on 16 August 2009.

## Music video

The music video for the song was directed by Ben Ib and premiered on the British channel T4 on 4 July 2009 at 11:00 am. *FHM* model Lauren Pope and dancer Funda Önal make an appearance in the video. Several dancing females appear wearing red leotards to match Harris' magic portal, shirt and furniture. They next "change into blue and yellow zip-up bathing suits, expanding the palette and multiplying endlessly, just in time for the weekend."

On 23 July 2009, it was reported that the video was removed from YouTube due to a copyright claim from another party. Harris stated that he was upset it had occurred and believed that the British Phonographic Industry had prompted the removal. On 14 December 2010, the video was re-uploaded on Harris' official channel.

## Track listings

\*;UK CD single and iTunes single
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Ready for the Weekend" | 3:37 |
| 2. | "Ready for the Weekend" (High Contrast Remix) | 5:42 |

## Track listing

\*;UK iTunes EP
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Ready for the Weekend" | 3:37 |
| 2. | "Ready for the Weekend" (Fake Blood Remix) | 5:40 |
| 3. | "Ready for the Weekend" (High Contrast Remix) | 5:42 |
| 4. | "Ready for the Weekend" (Dave Spoon Remix) | 6:21 |
| 5. | "Ready for the Weekend" (Dave Spoon Dub Remix) | 6:35 |

## Track listing

\*;UK 12" single
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Ready for the Weekend" (Original Version) | 3:37 |
| 2. | "Ready for the Weekend" (Dave Spoon Remix) | 6:21 |
| 3. | "Ready for the Weekend" (Fake Blood Remix) | 5:40 |

## Charts

## Certifications

Sales and certifications for "Ready for the Weekend"
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Australia (ARIA) | Gold | 35,000 |
| United Kingdom (BPI) | Silver | 200,000^ |
| ^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.
Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## Release history

| Country | Date | Label | Format |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| United Kingdom | 9 August 2009 |  | Digital download |
| | 10 August 2009 | |  |

## InfoBox

| "Ready for the Weekend" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Calvin Harris | |
| from the album  *Ready for the Weekend* | |
| Released | 9 August 2009 (2009-08-09) |
| Studio | Earth's Core (Glasgow, Scotland) |
| Length | 3:37 |
| Label |  |
| Songwriter(s) | Calvin Harris |
| Producer(s) | Calvin Harris |
| Calvin Harris singles chronology | |
| "I'm Not Alone"
(2009) "**Ready for the Weekend**"
(2009) "Flashback"
(2009) | |
|  | |
| Music video | |
| "Ready for the Weekend" on YouTube | |
|  | |


title: Recipe of a Hoe

abstract: "Recipe of a Hoe" is the second single released from Boss' debut album, Born Gangstaz. Though the single was not as successful as her previous one, "Recipe of a Hoe" still managed to become her second consecutive single to reach #1 on the Hot Rap Singles chart.

text:
# Recipe of a Hoe

"**Recipe of a Hoe**" is the second single released from Boss' debut album, *Born Gangstaz*. Though the single was not as successful as her previous one, "Recipe of a Hoe" still managed to become her second consecutive single to reach #1 on the Hot Rap Singles chart.

## Single track listing

### A-Side

1. "Recipe of a Hoe" (Radio Edit)- 4:16
2. "Recipe of a Hoe" (Instrumental)- 4:30

### B-Side

1. "Recipe of a Hoe" (LP Version)- 4:29
2. "Born Gangsta" 3:32

## Charts

| Chart | Position |
| --- | --- |
| U.S. R&B / Hip-Hop | \# 73 |
| Hot Rap Singles | \# 1 |
| Hot Dance Music/Maxi-Singles Sales | \# 29 |
|

## InfoBox

| "Recipe of a Hoe" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Boss | |
| from the album  *Born Gangstaz* | |
| B-side | "Born Gangsta" |
| Released | July 6, 1993 |
| Recorded | 1993, Chung King Studios, NY NY |
| Genre | Dirty rap |
| Length | 4:29 |
| Label | Def Jam |
| Songwriter(s) | Lichelle Laws |
| Producer(s) | Mic Professah |
| Boss singles chronology | |
| "Deeper"
(1993) "**Recipe of a Hoe**"
(1993) "Progress of Elimination"
(1993) | |


title: Rebecca Latham

abstract: Rebecca Latham is an American volleyball player, originally from Austin, Texas, who has played in Italy and is currently playing in South Korea. She currently plays for Hwaseong IBK Altos in the Korean V-League. Rebecca began playing volleyball at the age of 8, and continued training and competing at McNeil High School and Austin Junior Volleyball Club in Austin, Texas. She was later recruited to play for University of Denver where she played as an Opposite for all four years during college. After graduation, Rebecca signed with Top Volley srl and began her professional career.

text:
# Rebecca Latham

**Rebecca Latham** (born 23 June 1997) is an American volleyball player, originally from Austin, Texas, who has played in Italy and is currently playing in South Korea.

She currently plays for Hwaseong IBK Altos in the Korean V-League.

Rebecca began playing volleyball at the age of 8, and continued training and competing at McNeil High School and Austin Junior Volleyball Club in Austin, Texas. She was later recruited to play for University of Denver where she played as an Opposite for all four years during college.

After graduation, Rebecca signed with Top Volley srl and began her professional career.

* at *Volleybox*

## InfoBox

| Rebecca Latham | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Full name | Rebecca Kay Latham |
| Nickname | Becca |
| Nationality | American |
| Born | (1997-06-23) 23 June 1997
Austin, United States |
| Height | 1.91 m (6 ft 3 in) |
| Weight | 81 Kg (178 lb) |
| College / University | University of Denver |
| Volleyball information | |
| Position | Opposite |
| Current club | Hwaseong IBK Altos |
| Number | 8 |
| Career | |
| Years Teams  2019–2021
2021  Futura Volley Giovani Busto Arsizio
Hwaseong IBK Altos | |
| National team | |
| United States | |


title: Rebecca Lardner

abstract: Rebecca Lardner is an English artist. Her parents were a gamekeeper and a postmistress. Lardner gained a BA (Hons) degree in Graphic Design specialising in illustration from Liverpool John Moores University. Her work is strongly influenced by scenes and subjects found along the Dorset coast. Since graduation has worked as a professional artist and illustrator. In 1995 she designed, made and installed 24 animated windows for the prestigious Brown Thomas in Dublin for the Christmas lights in 1995. In 1998 she travelled to Southern India to paint a mural for the Russ Foundation before travelling to continue her painting. Her work has been publicised worldwide through her illustrations and publications and her limited edition prints reach outlets throughout Europe and America. She regularly exhibits with leading galleries in the UK and her delightful naive paintings are bought by collectors worldwide.

text:
# Rebecca Lardner

**Rebecca Lardner** (born 1971, in Swanage) is an English artist. Her parents were a gamekeeper and a postmistress.

Lardner gained a BA (Hons) degree in Graphic Design specialising in illustration from Liverpool John Moores University. Her work is strongly influenced by scenes and subjects found along the Dorset coast. Since graduation has worked as a professional artist and illustrator. In 1995 she designed, made and installed 24 animated windows for the prestigious Brown Thomas in Dublin for the Christmas lights in 1995.

In 1998 she travelled to Southern India to paint a mural for the Russ Foundation before travelling to continue her painting. Her work has been publicised worldwide through her illustrations and publications and her limited edition prints reach outlets throughout Europe and America. She regularly exhibits with leading galleries in the UK and her delightful naive paintings are bought by collectors worldwide.


title: Rebecca (given name)

abstract: Rebecca or Rebekah is a feminine given name of Hebrew origin. It is the name of the biblical figure Rebecca, wife of Isaac and mother of Jacob and Esau. The name comes from the Semitic root ר-ב-ק (r-b-q), meaning "to tie firmly"; Jones' Dictionary of Old Testament Proper Names and the NOBS Study Bible Name List suggest the name means captivating beauty, or "to tie", "to bind". W. F. Albright held that it meant "soil, earth".

text:
# Rebecca (given name)

**Rebecca** or **Rebekah** (Hebrew: רִבְקָה *Rīvqa*) is a feminine given name of Hebrew origin. It is the name of the biblical figure Rebecca, wife of Isaac and mother of Jacob and Esau. The name comes from the Semitic root ר-ב-ק (*r-b-q*), meaning "to tie firmly"; Jones' *Dictionary of Old Testament Proper Names* and the NOBS Study Bible Name List suggest the name means captivating beauty, or "to tie", "to bind". W. F. Albright held that it meant "soil, earth".

## Spelling

The Latin Vulgate uses the spelling **Rebecca** exclusively and it is followed by (*ex. gr.*) Wycliffe and the Bishops' Bible. In the Authorized Version of the 1600s, the spelling **Rebekah** is used in the Old Testament (Genesis) and the Latin "Rebecca" (representing Greek Bible Ῥεβέκκα) was retained in the New Testament (see Romans 9:10). So the earlier western spelling is "Rebecca", but both spellings (Rebecca and Rebekah) are used in the influential King James Version. Both are current in the English-speaking world now.

## Popularity

In the United Kingdom, a revival of Biblical names led to this name being ranked among the top 100 female names during the 1960s, the top 20 during the 1970s, and the top 10 during the 1980s; in 1994 it was the most popular female name. A decline in popularity followed; it slid out of the top 10 in 2000 and by 2009 had fallen to 77th. In 2013, it was ranked 120th.

In the United States, the name was used beginning with the colonization of the Puritans in New England in the 17th century. The name Rebecca goes up and down in the popularity rankings, but has consistently ranked in the top 200 most popular names for girls since at least 1880 (the first year for which the Social Security Administration has documented baby name popularity). In the year 2011, the Social Security Administration ranked Rebecca at 148th in popularity. In 2013, it was ranked 178th.

The name is also popular in other countries. In 2009, Rebeca was the 27th most popular name for baby girls in Romania.

## Saints

## Variations

* Lepeka (Hawaiian)
* Bec
* Becca (English)
* Becka (English)
* Beckah (English)
* Becki (English)
* Beckie (English)
* Becky (English)
* Becbec (Filipino)
* Beka (English)
* Bekah (English)
* Fiqa (Malaysian)
* Rabqa (Arabic)
* Rafiqa (Arabic)
* Rafqa (Aramaic)
* Rebeca (Galician, Portuguese, Spanish, Welsh)
* Rébecca, Rebeque (French)
* Rebeccah (English)
* Rebecka (Swedish)
* Rebeckah (English)
* Rebeka (Albanian, Bulgarian, Czech, Hungarian, Polish, Serbian, Slovenian, Turkish, Yoruba)
* Rebekah (Hebrew, English)
* Rebekka (Danish, Finnish, German, Icelandic, Norwegian, Russian, Ukrainian)
* Rebekkah (English)
* Rebieka (Belarusian)
* Refika (Turkish)
* Repega (Armenian)
* Rebeca (Romanian)
* Revka, Revkah (Hebrew)
* Ribka, Ribkah, Ribkha, Rebecca (Indonesian)
* Rifka, Rifke (Yiddish)
* Ríobhca (Irish)
* Rivka, Rivqah (Hebrew) (The original Biblical form of which all the others are ultimately derived)
* Rybika (Arabic)
* رفقة، ريبيكا (Arabic)
* রেবেকা (Rēbēkā) (Bengali)
* 丽贝卡 (Lì bèi kǎ) (Chinese Simplified)
* 麗貝卡 (Lì bèi kǎ) (Chinese Traditional)
* რებეკა (Rebeka) (Georgian)
* Ρεβέκκα (Revecca or Revekka) (Greek)
* રેબેકા (Rēbēkā) (Gujarati)
* רבקה (Hebrew)
* रेबेका (Rēbēkā) (Hindi)
* レベッカ (Rebekka) 理香 (Rika) (Japanese)
* ರೆಬೆಕ್ಕಾ (Rebekkā) (Kannada)
* 레베카 (Lebeka) (Korean)
* Ребекка (Ryebyekka) (Mongolian)
* रेबेका (Rēbēkā) (Nepali)
* ربکا (Persian)
* ரெபேக்கா (Repēkkā) (Tamil)
* റെബേക്ക (Rebekka) (Malayalam)
* రెబెక్కా (Rebekkā) (Telugu)
* รีเบคก้า (Rī bekhk̂ā) (Thai)
* ربیکہ (Urdu)
* ርብቃ (Tigrinya)
* Uliipika (Inuktitut)

## InfoBox

Rebecca
| The Biblical Rebecca and Eliezer in a painting by Bartolomé Esteban Murillo. | |
| --- | --- |
| Pronunciation | /rəˈbɛkə/ *rə-BEK* |
| Gender | Female |
| Origin | |
| Word/name | Hebrew |
| Meaning | "Moderator", *To Tie*, *Noose*, *To Bind*, *Captivating*, *Strong Combatant*, *Hearty* |
| Other names | |
| Nickname(s) | * Becks * Becca * Becky * Bec * Beck * Bex * Becs * Reba * Riva * Rebby * Reb * Rebs * Becka * Bekah |
| Related names | Becca, Becky, Reba, Rifka |


title: Red Skies (TV series)

abstract: "Red Skies" is a television series scheduled for broadcast in May 2023. The series' creators are Ron Leshem, Daniel Shinar, Daniel Amsel, and Amit Cohen, alongside director Alon Zingman. The series is based on Daniel Shinar's book "Red Skies". In February 2023, the series was nominated for the Best Series award at the Series Mania festival in Lille, France.

text:
# Red Skies (TV series)

**"Red Skies"** (Hebrew: שמיים אדומים) is a television series scheduled for broadcast in May 2023. The series' creators are Ron Leshem, Daniel Shinar, Daniel Amsel, and Amit Cohen, alongside director Alon Zingman. The series is based on Daniel Shinar's book "Red Skies".

In February 2023, the series was nominated for the Best Series award at the Series Mania festival in Lille, France.

## Plot

The series takes place during the Second Intifada, the Palestinian uprising which occurred in the early 2000s, and Operation Defensive Shield that followed it. Sa'ar Rigbi (Israeli Jew) and Ali Alma (Palestinian Muslim) are childhood friends with a close emotional bond. They met as teenagers when they worked together in Jerusalem in the period following the Oslo Accords. However, years later, when Israel in general and Jerusalem, in particular, are at the height of warfare, their choices position them as adversaries, and they become hunter and hunted. Sa'ar's girlfriend Jenny (American), who also knew both during their youth, finds herself between the two and in the midst of the conflict.

At a time when Israel is experiencing a political and security crisis, Jenny personally faces the dilemma of choosing between their two friends.

## Cast and characters

* Sa'ar Rigbi (Maor Sweitzer) - An Israeli Jew from Jerusalem. A sensitive soul that hides behind a short fuse, he's brilliant but tries to avoid people. As an outsider, he's inclined to observation, thus developing sensitivity to nuances, small details, and human behaviors.
* Ali Almasri (played by Amir Khouri) - A Palestinian Muslim from Nablus, who worked in the American Colony Hotel in East Jerusalem as a teenager, where he met Sa'ar. They've been close friends ever since. He is a medical student at the Hebrew University and shares a flat in Jerusalem with Sa'ar and Jenny Horowitz, Sa'ar's American girlfriend, whom Ali secretly loves as well.
* Jenny Horowitz (played by Annie Shapiro) - An American Jew. A press photographer with a dream of becoming a war journalist. She chooses to stay in Nablus when journalists are instructed to leave, both for the hunt of news stories and to remain close to Ali.
* Tilly Rubin (Alona Sa'ar) - An intelligence officer in the IDF’s elite unit 8200. A workaholic who fears that if she stops working even for a minute, she will find that she is not good enough to do what she does. She is the daughter of a senior general in the IDF, fighting to prove herself, even at the cost of exaggerated self-confidence. Tilly fears that the constant stress she is under will explode in her face, and therefore, strives not to show human weaknesses.
* Pepper Galit Nimni, code name “Pepper” (Lihi Kornowski) - A Shin Bet operative, who serves as a liaison between 8200 and the combat units in the field – and vice versa .Her temperament is straight-spiced with humor.
* Yuval Bar-Zeev (Yaakov Zada-Daniel) - A Shin Bet agent who supervises the activities of Unit 8200 dealing with terror in the West Bank. He mentors and grooms Tilly Rubin to take over the activity. He is “ the responsible adult” in the base, so he looks at the passionate young soldiers around him with a knowledgeable, experienced gaze and tries to connect them to reality.
* Yuri (Lev Levin) - A hacker in 8200, and a childhood friend of Sa'ar.
* Morali (Yoav Levi) - A veteran listener (Arabic wiretapper) who has already seen everything as part of his job, is a little tired of his work and is ready to retire.
* Ra'ed Almasri, "Alrassam" (The Painter) (George Iskandar) - Ali's older brother, a slippery fugitive and a sniper. Has a degree in Chemistry from a university in Jordan.
* Baby Nadia (Harel Aharoni) - Ra'ed's daughter, a two-year-old toddler, who is his whole world. Later in the plot, Nadia grew up with her aunt (Ali and Ra'ed's sister).
* Rafik Zitawi (Louai Noufi) - A traffic policeman and Ali's parents' neighbor, he’s a childhood friend of Ra'ed and Ali and Ra'ed's "soldier".
* Zeina - Ali's daughter's mother. A Christian from a liberal family and the mother of Ali's daughter.
* Nadav (Yoni Aftergut) - Sensitive and smiling. Tilly Rubin's fresh boyfriend is in love with her "a bit more" than she is in love with him. Morale officer, and team commander in the Egoz unit, who spends most of his time in the West Bank during its most intense period.

## Production

The series was inspired by the bestselling book "Red Skies" by Daniel Shinar, published in 2018.

The series was shot in Israel, including in Rosh HaAyin, Ramla, Jaffa, Nazareth, and Jerusalem. It was broadcast in 2023 on the Reshet 13 channel.


title: Red Dirt Road (song)

abstract: "Red Dirt Road" is a song written and recorded by American country music duo Brooks & Dunn. It was released in April 2003 as the first single and title track from their album of the same name. "Red Dirt Road" serves a summation of small-town values and the experiences that shape you. The song was a domestic chart-topper; it scored the duo their eighteenth number one hit on Billboard's Hot Country Songs ranking; it was also a top-25 single on the all-genre Hot 100, and ranked as one of its top overall hits for 2003. The duo performed the single at the tribute concert for Dale Earnhardt at the Daytona International Speedway in July 2003. In 2019, Brooks & Dunn re-recorded "Red Dirt Road" with American country music artist Cody Johnson for their album Reboot.

text:
# Red Dirt Road (song)

"**Red Dirt Road**" is a song written and recorded by American country music duo Brooks & Dunn. It was released in April 2003 as the first single and title track from their album of the same name. "Red Dirt Road" serves a summation of small-town values and the experiences that shape you. The song was a domestic chart-topper; it scored the duo their eighteenth number one hit on *Billboard*'s Hot Country Songs ranking; it was also a top-25 single on the all-genre Hot 100, and ranked as one of its top overall hits for 2003. The duo performed the single at the tribute concert for Dale Earnhardt at the Daytona International Speedway in July 2003. In 2019, Brooks & Dunn re-recorded "Red Dirt Road" with American country music artist Cody Johnson for their album *Reboot*.

## Background

In their many years as a performing duo, Brooks and Dunn spent plenty of time discussing their upbringing. In 2002, the musicians were touring the U.S. when they found themselves reminiscing in their spare time between stops. Their two hometowns of Shreveport, Louisiana and El Dorado, Arkansas shared similar values and culture. Both recalled vividly how red the soil in those states are. In the midst of recording their latest studio effort, Dunn proposed *Red Dirt Road* as its title, given his desire to "reel everything into a concept". After a flight to Sacramento, California for their next concert, Dunn shared the song’s chorus to Brooks, written on a cocktail napkin. Both agreed it was a promising start, and boarded their respective buses and continued writing, with Brooks roughing out the verses and music. The next morning, the two reconvened and shared their progress; they joked that it looked like "a bomb had gone off" in Brooks’s bus due to his frenetic pace. "He was just beat man, like he'd been up for two days," Dunn laughed. Brooks likened the feeling to a strike of lightning, following the inspiration as it hit.

The duo showed their new piece to producer Mark Wright, who responded positively. The song was recorded at the Sound Kitchen and House of Gain in Nashville, Tennessee by Greg Droman. Its anthemic guitar riff was developed by Kenny Greenberg, who was simply improvising at the session. After the song’s completion, both Brooks and Dunn felt like the song was a pinnacle of their career; something that had worked toward a long time. Dunn felt that its lyrics have more meaning than standard country fare. Both agreed that over ten years into their career the song breathed new life into their partnership, which they agreed was waning slightly due to their relentless pace.

## Content

The song finds a narrator reflecting on joyful memories linked to a red dirt road near where he grew up. The song opens its central guitar riff, followed by its first verse where Dunn sets the scene: a small community off of Rural Route Three, which he would traverse to church and back. In an interview, Dunn revealed these details were entirely autobiographical: he came up on the real Rural Route Three, a four-mile stretch east of El Dorado. The narrator observes a girl next door named Mary, with whom he falls in love. Throughout the song's chorus, the narrator recounts his formative experiences: drinking for the first time, becoming religious, and wrecking his car. He surmises that "happiness on Earth ain't just for high achievers".

In the second verse, he recalls sneaking out late at night to take moonlit drives along the back country path. In the tune’s final verse, it is revealed the narrator left his hometown to see the world, and lost his relationship with Mary along the way, but they have reconciled. When asked to explain the song's message, Dunn replied, ""Red dirt road is just symbolic of \[formative\] experiences ... there's that end where you start, you end down there and between here and there is life."

## Cover versions

Country music group Sugarland covered the song from The Last Rodeo Tour.

## Music video

The video features the duo singing in a truck, in front of a church, and along the dirt road. It was directed by Steven Goldmann, and was shot in 3-D. It was released on May 8, 2003.

## Chart positions

"Red Dirt Road" debuted at No. 57 on the U.S. *Billboard* Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart for the week of April 19, 2003.

| Chart (2003) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| US Hot Country Songs (*Billboard*) | 1 |
| US *Billboard* Hot 100 | 25 |

### Year-end charts

| Chart (2003) | Position |
| --- | --- |
| US Country Songs (*Billboard*) | 5 |
| US *Billboard* Hot 100 | 86 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| United States (RIAA) | 2× Platinum | 2,000,000 |
| Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## InfoBox

| "Red Dirt Road" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Brooks & Dunn | |
| from the album  *Red Dirt Road* | |
| Released | April 21, 2003 |
| Genre | Country |
| Length | 4:20 (album version)
3:55 (single version) |
| Label | Arista Nashville |
| Songwriter(s) | Kix Brooks
Ronnie Dunn |
| Producer(s) | Kix Brooks
Ronnie Dunn
Mark Wright |
| Brooks & Dunn singles chronology | |
| "Every River"
(2002) "**Red Dirt Road**"
(2003) "You Can't Take the Honky Tonk Out of the Girl"
(2003) | |


title: Rebecca Smith (journalist)

abstract: Rebecca A. Smith is a reporter in the San Francisco, California, bureau of The Wall Street Journal.

text:
# Rebecca Smith (journalist)

**Rebecca A. Smith** is a reporter in the San Francisco, California, bureau of *The Wall Street Journal*.

## Early life and education

Smith grew up in Seattle, WA. She obtained her bachelor's degree, Phi Beta Kappa and magna cum laude, from the University of Washington. She later received her master's degree from Mills College in Oakland, CA.

## Career

Smith started her career in journalism in 1977 as a reporter and photographer for the *Friday Harbor Journal* in the San Juan Islands in Washington State. A year later she joined the *Daily Oklahoman* where she served as a copy editor and reporter for the state desk. In 1981, she joined "The Daily Journal-American" in Bellevue, Wash. In 1985 she moved to the *Oakland Tribune* in California, reporting on business and in 1992 she worked for the *San Jose Mercury News* as a reporter, first covering the semiconductor industry and then responsible for covering consumer issues. From 1998 - 1999 she was a consumer affairs reporter for the San Francisco Chronicle. Smith began working as an energy reporter for The Wall Street Journal in August 1999.

She and colleague John R. Emshwiller shared responsibility for the unfolding Enron scandal in 2001, scoring many journalistic coups in the process. They later collaborated on a book on the subject called *24 Days*. She joined the WSJ investigations team in 2018.

She dies on December 15th, 2023 at the age of 68.

## Honors and awards

In 1996 Smith shared a Gerald Loeb Award for distinguished financial and economics reporting, while at the San Jose Mercury News, for stories about big utility PG&E Corp. In 2001 she won a Gerald Loeb Award for beat writing at The Wall Street Journal for coverage of the California energy crisis. She shared a third Gerald Loeb Award with John Emshwiller in 2002 for stories in The Wall Street Journal about the unfolding Enron scandal. Earlier in her career, she received a California Award for Excellence in economic writing and in 1990, she won a John Hancock Award for distinguished financial writing while at the Oakland Tribune for stories about the savings and loan crisis. Smith shared another Gerald Loeb Award in 2020 and was a Pulitzer Prize finalist for her contributions to "How PG&E Burned California".

## Sources


abstract: Redefine the Enemy! Rarities and B-Sides Compilation 1992–1999 is a B-side compilation of rare and live recordings by the seminal digital hardcore band Atari Teenage Riot.

text:
# Redefine the Enemy – Rarities and B-Side Compilation 1992–1999

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic |  |

***Redefine the Enemy! Rarities and B-Sides Compilation 1992–1999*** is a B-side compilation of rare and live recordings by the seminal digital hardcore band Atari Teenage Riot.

## Track listing

1. "No Remorse" (Live in NY '99) - 5:37 (taken from *Too Dead for Me EP*)
2. "Revolution Action" (Live in San Fran '99) - 4:44 (taken from *Too Dead for Me EP*)
3. "Paranoid" (7" Remix) - 3:06
4. "Sick to Death" (Remix '97) - 5:55
5. "Deutschland (Has Gotta Die!)" (Remix) - 2:50
6. "You Can't Hold Us Back" (Instrumental) - 3:58
7. "Death of a President - DIY" (A Capella '99) - 0:27 (taken from *Too Dead for Me EP*)
8. "We've Got the Fucking Power" (Original '97) - 4:42
9. "Not Your Business" (Radio Version '95) - 2:30
10. "No Success" (hardbase Remix '99) - 4:18
11. "Midijunkies" (Remix '93) - 5:19
12. "Waves of Disaster" (Instrumental '97) - 5:08
13. "Waves of Disaster" (A Capella '97) - 4:19
14. "Redefine the Enemy" ('97) - 3:53
15. "Destroy 2000 Years of Culture" (Remix '97) - 4:22
16. "Sex" (Original Full Length Version '93) - 14:25

## InfoBox

| Redefine the Enemy! Rarities and B-Sides Compilation 1992–1999 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Compilation album by Atari Teenage Riot | |
| Released | 26 November 2002 |
| Recorded | 1992–1999 |
| Genre | Digital hardcore, hardcore techno, hardcore punk |
| Label | Digital Hardcore Recordings (Europe) |
| Producer | Alec Empire |
| Atari Teenage Riot chronology | |
| *Live at Brixton Academy*
(1999) ***Redefine the Enemy! Rarities and B-Sides Compilation 1992–1999***
(2002) *Atari Teenage Riot: 1992–2000*
(2006) | |


title: Redeeming Our Communities

abstract: Redeeming Our Communities (ROC) is a UK-based charity, founded by author and popular speaker Debra Green OBE in 2004. ROC is a community engagement charity; people of goodwill working together towards safer, kinder communities. Their activities include partnerships with community groups, churches, police, fire service, local authorities and voluntary agencies. They currently run over 250 projects throughout the UK targeting a variety of social needs, reaching over 2000 people every week.

text:
# Redeeming Our Communities

**Redeeming Our Communities** (**ROC**) is a UK-based charity, founded by author and popular speaker Debra Green OBE in 2004.

ROC is a community engagement charity; people of goodwill working together towards safer, kinder communities. Their activities include partnerships with community groups, churches, police, fire service, local authorities and voluntary agencies. They currently run over 250 projects throughout the UK targeting a variety of social needs, reaching over 2000 people every week.

## History

The Redeeming Our Communities initiative was launched in 2004 at the Reebok Stadium in Bolton, where thousands of people across the North West gathered and pledged to reduce violent crime in the region. A year later that pledge was met when the *Metro Newspaper* reported that violent crime in the region had fallen by 11%, bucking the national trend.

In 2006 ROC became a national organisation, holding an event in the NEC Arena in Birmingham. The event was attended by 7,000, and as a result many people across the UK signed up to become ROC Ambassadors, spreading the vision of ROC across the UK. After the National Launch, ROC began to host conferences to train and equip people in how to set up projects using the ROC model.

Since the National Launch, ROC has moved into over 200 different regions across the UK, including the Belfast Launch event in 2012. During this time ROC have hosted several high-profile Launch Events, including the 2009 Liverpool Launch which attracted over 5,000 people and the 2010 Birmingham Launch which drew 2,000. These high-profile events are held in partnership with local police forces in the hopes of building links and creating local ROC projects.

ROC launched in Scotland at the ROC Scotland Showcase event on 5 February 2014. The event was attended by over 1700 people including 100 civic leaders and senior members of public services. The evening was hosted by Sally Magnusson and included performances from the Police Pipe Band, Midge Ure, Jai McDowall and the High School of Glasgow Chamber Choir. The evening inspired people to get involved in community projects.

In recognition of her work ROC founder Debra Green received an OBE in June 2012.

In 2018 ROC were awarded the Queen's Award for voluntary service and attended a garden party at Buckingham Palace.

ROC have developed a community engagement model called a ROC Conversation. They have delivered over 250 of these across the UK in Counties, Cities, towns, and villages. Their work has recently been recognised by the Home Office.

## ROC projects

There are currently over 300 projects under the ROC banner. These projects are multi-agency and will usually involve partnerships among faith groups, police, and emergency services as well as various other statutory agencies and organisations.

Projects and initiatives include:

* ROC Cafés, which provide diversionary activities for young people
* ROC Conversation community engagement initiatives
* ROC Centres, offering a community hub for a variety of projects
* ROC Care, which focuses on the elderly and isolated
* ROC Football
* Mentoring schemes
* Mobile community bus scheme

ROC claims to have seen reductions in crime as a result of their projects, including significant reductions in anti-social behaviour, which has inspired additional ROC projects.

In 2008 Debra Green wrote a book, containing the stories of many of the projects: *Redeeming Our Communities: 21st Century Miracles of Social Transformation*. Her next book, *ROC your World; transforming communities for good*, was published by River Publishing in March 2014.

In 2012 ROC announced that they would be starting a restorative justice scheme called ROC Restore.

In 2014 ROC received a new HQ as a community asset transfer, The FUSE in Trafford. The FUSE is a £5Million state of the art community centre received on a 22 year rent free lease in recognition of their work

In 2018 ROC Restore, restorative Justice project was awarded the RSQM, The Restorative Service Quality Mark  Princess Ann visited ROC HQ to celebrate 5 years of their restorative justice work.

## UK wide

In 2014, the charity launched into Scotland, hosting a Showcase Event on 5 February. Following the event, it was reported by ROC that several projects were in the planning stages including in Parkhead, Queen's Park Glasgow, Newton Stewart and Edinburgh.

## InfoBox

Redeeming Our Communities
|
|  |
| Founded | 2004 |
| Founder | Debra Green OBE |
| Type | (Registered Charity Number: 1139817; Registered Charity in Scotland SC044606) |
| Headquarters | Manchester, UK |
| Area served | United Kingdom |
| Website | http://roc.uk.com<br>http://scotland.roc.uk.com/ |


title: Reed pipe

abstract: A reed pipe is an organ pipe that is sounded by a vibrating brass strip known as a reed. Air under pressure is directed towards the reed, which vibrates at a specific pitch. This is in contrast to flue pipes, which contain no moving parts and produce sound solely through the vibration of air molecules. Reed pipes are common components of pipe organs.

text:
# Reed pipe

A **reed pipe** (also referred to as a *lingual* pipe) is an organ pipe that is sounded by a vibrating brass strip known as a *reed*. Air under pressure (referred to as *wind*) is directed towards the reed, which vibrates at a specific pitch. This is in contrast to flue pipes, which contain no moving parts and produce sound solely through the vibration of air molecules. Reed pipes are common components of pipe organs.

## Stop

Reed pipes include all stops of the "Reed" class, and some stops from the "Hybrid" class. The reed stops of an organ are collectively called the "reed-work".

## Construction

A reed pipe comprises a metal *tongue* (the reed) which rests against a *shallot*, in which is carved a tunnel. The reed and shallot are held in place by a wooden *wedge*. This assembly protrudes from the underside of the *block* and hangs down into the *boot*. A *tuning wire* is inserted through the boot and is bent to hold the reed against the shallot. The wire is moved up or down using a *tuning knife* in order to change the length of the tongue that is permitted to vibrate, thereby changing the pitch produced by the pipe. The *resonator* joins with the upper opening of the shallot and extends above the boot. The resonator may be made in a wide variety of lengths, shapes, and configurations, depending on the desired tone quality.

An en chamade is a specific type of reed which is mounted horizontally on the organ case rather than stood vertically inside the organ case. This is done to project the tone more directly at the listener. In cases where this cannot be done, hooded reeds (generally trumpets) are used. This method of construction projects the sound in the same manner with a vertical resonator which turns at a 90-degree angle at the top.

In places where a full-length resonator will not fit, a technique called mitering is used, wherein organ pipes are created so that instead of standing straight up, they appear to make a loop in the middle of the resonator. This is done by joining several small pieces of metal together.

## Actuation

As wind enters the boot, it travels over the reed, causing it to vibrate against the shallot. This produces the pipe's sound. The wind passes through the shallot and up into the resonator, which focuses and refines the sound wave produced by the reed. The length of the air column as well as the length, mass, and stiffness of the reed itself, determine the frequency of the instrument.

## Free reeds

A less-common type of reed construction is the *free reed*. The term refers to two types of reeds where the tongue does not beat directly against the shallot in order to produce the reed tone, which creates a unique sound (these are most commonly used on nineteenth-century German or French organs). In one case, the free reed stop will appear from the outside like a normal reed (complete with boot, tuning wire, and resonator, etc.). The only difference lies in the action of the tongue (see above), which beats "through" the shallot (hence the German term for the reed — *durchschlagend*). In the other form of the reed, an enclosed boot does not exist (as in normal reed pipes); therefore, all the tongues are held together in the same chamber, as in the harmonica, accordion, or harmonium. This arrangement makes it possible to change the volume produced without changing its pitch by varying the wind pressure, which is not possible with normal organ pipes. Volume adjustment was available to the organist by means of a balanced expression pedal which varied the wind pressure delivered to the free reed stop. This type of free reed was popular among certain organ builders of the nineteenth century due to the increased interest in a more expressive aesthetic.

## Tonal characteristics

The tonal characteristics of reed pipes are determined by several factors, the most important of which is the interaction between the shallot and the tongue. The thickness and curve of the tongue itself play an important role in determining the tonal quality of the pipe. When voicing a reed pipe, the voicer will take great care in shaping the curve of the tongue, because this controls how the tongue beats against the shallot. Whether the shallot is cylindrical or tapered (and, in the latter case, whether or not the taper is inverted) greatly affects the pipe's timbre. Likewise, the "cut" (referring to the depth of the shallot and the shape of the opening) and the closed-end shape (whether the closed end of the shallot is flat, domed, or *Schiffschen*) determine whether the tone is more Baroque or more Romantic. In addition, the type of block (whether a standard shape or a French "double-block") in which the reed assembly is set has an effect on the sound.

Scaling is important when determining the final tone color of a reed pipe, though it is not of primary importance as it is in flue pipe construction. This is because reed pipe resonators simply reinforce certain partials of the sound wave; the air column inside the resonator is not the primary vibrator. The shape of the resonator, however, is quite important: an inverted-conical resonator (such as is typical with a Trumpet rank) produces more harmonics than does a cylindrical resonator (like that of a Clarinet rank).

There are generally two main types of reed stops: *chorus reeds* (such as the Trumpet, Clairon and Bombarde), whose main function is to blend with the flue stops and reinforce the full organ; and *solo reeds* or *orchestral reeds* (such as the Clarinet, the Oboe, and the Cor Anglais), which often (but not always) imitate orchestral instruments, and are used for quieter, solo passages (similar to woodwinds in an orchestra).


title: Reg Boorman

abstract: Reginald George Boorman was a New Zealand politician of the Labour Party.

text:
# Reg Boorman

**Reginald George Boorman** (6 February 1935 – 30 October 2016) was a New Zealand politician of the Labour Party.

## Early life and family

Boorman served in the Malayan Emergency in 1957 with the New Zealand Army.

His first marriage was to Carol McAlpine. His second marriage (in the 1980s) was to Pauline Moran. He had four sons.

## Member of Parliament

New Zealand Parliament
| Years | Term | Electorate | | Party | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 19841987 | 41st | Wairarapa | |  | Labour |
| 19871988 | 42nd | Wairarapa | |  | Labour |

He unsuccessfully stood for the Labour nomination at the 1980 Onehunga by-election, losing to Fred Gerbic. He was selected to contest the Wairarapa electorate in 1984, where he defeated the National Party incumbent Ben Couch.

Boorman again contested Waiarapa in 1987, defeating new National candidate Wyatt Creech. On election night, Boorman won by a mere 11 votes, but this was reduced to one vote following a full recount. The single vote majority led to Boorman being nicknamed "Landslide" by his Labour Party colleagues and the media, and he used to quip that when he drove over the Rimutaka Hill to Wellington, he would "take his majority with him".

### Ejection from Parliament

Boorman's election was the subject of a legal challenge by Creech. There were two aspects to this challenge. First, Creech claimed that Boorman had violated new laws about election spending by illegally deducting the (then new) goods and services tax from his spending return, effectively reducing his declared spend by 10%. The second part challenged the validity of more than 200 votes on various grounds. Creech was assisted in his efforts by Tauranga MP Winston Peters, who had won an electoral petition in Hunua nine years earlier.

The Electoral Court approved Creech's petition. In 1988, after the recount was carried out, Creech was declared to have won the electorate with a majority of 34 votes (9994 to 9960). The Court also found that Boorman had breached the law by overspending on his election campaign. This outcome resulted in him being declared guilty of a corrupt practice, which meant that Boorman would have been expelled from Parliament even if Creech had not won the recount.

## Post-parliamentary life

After Parliament, Boorman worked as a taxi driver. Later, Creech would tell of a time that, as the new MP, he called for a taxi and the driver was Boorman. After his defeat, his second wife Pauline Moran stood unsuccessfully for Labour in the Wairarapa electorate.

In 1990, Boorman was awarded the New Zealand 1990 Commemoration Medal. He died at home in Whakatāne on 30 October 2016, and was survived by Moran.

## InfoBox

| Reg Boorman | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the New Zealand Parliament
for Wairarapa | |
| **In office**
1984–1988 | |
| Preceded by | Ben Couch |
| Succeeded by | Wyatt Creech |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Reginald George Boorman
(1935-02-06)6 February 1935 |
| Died | 30 October 2016(2016-10-30) (aged 81)
Whakatāne, New Zealand |
| Political party | Labour |
| Spouse(s) | Carol McAlpine
Pauline Moran |
| Children | Four sons |
|  | |


title: Reg Bottini

abstract: Reginald Norman Bottini was a British trade union leader. Bottini was born in Tooting, his family being restaurant workers who had migrated from Italy. He attended Bec Grammar School before becoming a shipping clerk. His father had been killed fighting during World War I, and as a result, Bottini registered as a conscientious objector during World War II; he spent the war doing agricultural work, mostly on land drainage around Folksworth, but the working conditions damaged his health. After the war, Bottini became an assistant in the legal department of the National Union of Agricultural Workers (NUAW), and became strongly associated with the right wing of the union. In 1954, he moved to become head of the union's negotiating department then, in 1969, was elected as the union's general secretary, taking up the post at the start of the following year. Bottini was very active in the Labour Party, chairing its Reigate constituency party for five years. He was the leading figure behind the party's "Prosper the Plough" national agricultural policy document, published in 1959. In 1976, working with Joan Maynard, he persuaded the Labour government to enact the Rent (Agriculture) Bill, improving the security of tenancy for agricultural workers in tied cottages. Bottini sat on a large number of committees and boards, including the Advisory Committee on Toxic Substances, Agricultural Wages Board, BBC Agricultural Advisory Council, Central Arbitration Committee, Clean Air Council, European Economic and Social Committee, Food Hygiene Advisory Council, Meat and Livestock Commission, South Eastern Electricity Board and Waste Management Advisory Council. In 1970, Bottini was also elected to the General Council of the Trades Union Congress. He was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1974. He retired from his union posts in 1978 due to poor health, and from his other positions by 1985. He retired to Market Harborough, and chaired the Market Harborough Volunteer Bureau for most of the period from 1989 until his death.

text:
# Reg Bottini

**Reginald Norman Bottini** CBE (14 October 1916  5 May 1999) was a British trade union leader.

Bottini was born in Tooting, his family being restaurant workers who had migrated from Italy. He attended Bec Grammar School before becoming a shipping clerk. His father had been killed fighting during World War I, and as a result, Bottini registered as a conscientious objector during World War II; he spent the war doing agricultural work, mostly on land drainage around Folksworth, but the working conditions damaged his health.

After the war, Bottini became an assistant in the legal department of the National Union of Agricultural Workers (NUAW), and became strongly associated with the right wing of the union. In 1954, he moved to become head of the union's negotiating department then, in 1969, was elected as the union's general secretary, taking up the post at the start of the following year.

Bottini was very active in the Labour Party, chairing its Reigate constituency party for five years. He was the leading figure behind the party's "Prosper the Plough" national agricultural policy document, published in 1959. In 1976, working with Joan Maynard, he persuaded the Labour government to enact the Rent (Agriculture) Bill, improving the security of tenancy for agricultural workers in tied cottages.

Bottini sat on a large number of committees and boards, including the Advisory Committee on Toxic Substances, Agricultural Wages Board, BBC Agricultural Advisory Council, Central Arbitration Committee, Clean Air Council, European Economic and Social Committee, Food Hygiene Advisory Council, Meat and Livestock Commission, South Eastern Electricity Board and Waste Management Advisory Council.

In 1970, Bottini was also elected to the General Council of the Trades Union Congress. He was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1974. He retired from his union posts in 1978 due to poor health, and from his other positions by 1985. He retired to Market Harborough, and chaired the Market Harborough Volunteer Bureau for most of the period from 1989 until his death.

1. Tam Dalyell, "Obituary: Reg Bottini", *The Independent*, 11 May 1999
2. Barry Leathwood, "Reg Bottini", *The Guardian*, 28 May 1999
3. "Bottini, Reginald Norman", *Who Was Who*


title: Reg Bowden

abstract: Reginald Bowden is an English former professional rugby league footballer, and coach. He played for Widnes, Fulham and Warrington. He played as a scrum-half. He was head coach at Fulham and Warrington.

text:
# Reg Bowden

**Reginald Bowden** (born 17 December 1949) is an English former professional rugby league footballer, and coach. He played for Widnes, Fulham and Warrington. He played as a scrum-half. He was head coach at Fulham and Warrington.

## Background

Reginald Bowden was born in Widnes, Lancashire, England.

## Playing career

Bowden signed for Widnes in 1968. He made his first team début in 1969.

He made 16 major cup Final appearances for Widnes, including four Wembley cup finals.

Bowden moved to Fulham in 1980. He cost the club £25,000 at a time when the world record transfer fee was £40,000.

## Coaching career

He was player-coach at Fulham RLFC 1980-84, then coached for two years at Warrington.

## Administrative career

After leaving Warrington he joined the board of directors at Widnes, where he spent a further 10 years as a director.

## InfoBox

Reg Bowden
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Reginald Bowden |
| Born | (1949-12-17) 17 December 1949<br>Widnes, England |
| Height | 5 ft 8 in (1.73 m) |
| Weight | 12 st 0 lb (76 kg) |
| Playing information | |
| Position | Scrum-half |
| Club  Years Team Pld T G FG P  1969–80 Widnes 374 42 2 4 134  1980–84 Fulham RLFC 120 14 0 0 42  1984 Warrington 9+1 0 0 0 0  Total 504 56 2 4 176  Representative  Years Team Pld T G FG P  1975–79 Lancashire 10 3 0 0 9 | |
| Coaching information | |
| Club  **Years** **Team** **Gms** **W** **D** **L** **W%**  198084 Fulham RLFC 80 26 2 52 33  198485 Warrington 68 28 0 40 41  Total 148 54 2 92 36 | |
| Source: As of 1 March 2021 | |


title: Reg Bounds

abstract: Philip Reginald Bounds was an international motorcycle speedway rider from England. He earned two international caps for the England national speedway team.

text:
# Reg Bounds

**Philip Reginald Bounds** (21 October 1907 – 30 November 1977) was an international motorcycle speedway rider from England. He earned two international caps for the England national speedway team.

## Biography

Bounds was born in 1907 in Kilburn, London. He and his brother Cecil Bounds both started riding during some of the earliest days of speedway in Britain and in 1929, they both signed for Southampton Saints for the 1929 Speedway Southern League season. Reg finished runner-up in the Silver Gauntlet in 1929 around the same time that he moved to ride for the West Ham Hammers.

He remained with West Ham during 1930 and was joined by his brother at the London club, improving his average to 8.33. His improvement was despite the fact that he was involved in a serious coach crash, when the team were travelling to a fixture in Leicester. His performances towards the latter part of the season in particular ensured his selection in the West Ham team for the following season. During the 1931 Speedway Southern League, he became one of the league's leading riders posting a 9.32 official average. His form led to a call up for the England team in August, for the test match series against Australia.

In 1932, the champions Wembley Lions signed Bounds from West Ham for the 1933 Speedway National League. The transfer did not go down well with the West Ham fans, who saw Bounds as their best and favourite rider. It transpired that his father had requested the move for business reasons (the family were based near Wembley). He duly helped the team win the treble of National League, National Trophy and London Cup, despite a crash in July which left him unconscious and missing the remainder of the season.

His return from injury in 1933 resulted in poor form, probably as a consequence of the accident the previous year but he did win a second London Cup with Wembley. He travelled to Australia for the 1933/1934 test series but suffered another crash, attributed to his earlier accident. He intended to ride for Wembley in 1934, but then decided to retire and devote his time to the garage business in Kilburn.

## InfoBox

Reg Bounds
| Born | 21 October 1907
Kilburn, London |
| --- | --- |
| Died | 30 November 1977(1977-11-30) (aged 70)
Brent, Greater London |
| Nationality | British (English) |
| Career history | |
| 1929 | Southampton Saints |
| 1929-1931 | West Ham Hammers |
| 1932-1933 | Wembley Lions |
|  | |
| Team honours | |
| 1932 | National Trophy |
| 1933 | London Cup |
|  | |


title: William Craven, 6th Earl of Craven

abstract: William Robert Bradley Craven, 6th Earl of Craven was a British peer.

text:
# William Craven, 6th Earl of Craven

**William Robert Bradley Craven, 6th Earl of Craven** (8 September 1917 – 27 January 1965) was a British peer.

## Early life

Craven was born on 8 September 1917 and was the only child of William Craven, 5th Earl of Craven and the former Mary Williamina George, who married in 1916. His parents later separated and, in 1925, his mother sued his father for divorce citing the latter's relationship with Vera, Countess of Cathcart. His father died of peritonitis at the age of thirty-five in 1932. His maternal grandfather was William George, the town clerk of Invergordon. His paternal grandparents were William Craven, 4th Earl of Craven and his American wife, the former Cornelia Martin. His grandmother was the only daughter of Bradley Martin and his wife Cornelia, who were famed as the hosts of the Bradley-Martin Ball.

Lord Craven was educated at Downside School and at the Northamptonshire Institute of Agriculture.

## Career

Upon the death of his father on 15 September 1932 at the age of thirty-five, he inherited the earldom of Craven as well as the subsidiary titles Baron Craven of Hamstead Marshall and Viscount Uffington.

He served as a Second Lieutenant in the Coldstream Guards and then as a Lieutenant in the Royal Naval Reserve during World War II. Lord Craven was a member of the East Sussex County Council in 1957 and was created a Knight of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta in 1959.

## Personal life

On 3 May 1939, Lord Craven married Gwendoline *Irene* Meyrick, a daughter of Dr. Ferdinand Richard Holmes Meyrick and the former Katherine Evelyn Nason, the infamous owner of the 43 Club. Two of Irene's sisters also married into the British nobility, Mary Meyrick, to the 14th Earl of Kinnoull, and Dorothy Meyrick to the 26th Baron de Clifford. Before their divorce in 1954, they were the parents of one daughter:

* Lady Sarah Jane Craven (b. 1940), who married South African David Thomson Glover, a son of Col. John William Thomson-Glover, in 1961.

After his divorce, Lord Craven married Elizabeth Gwendolen Teresa Johnstone-Douglas (1916–2011), a daughter of Sholto Johnstone Douglas, on 25 September 1954. A granddaughter of Arthur Johnstone-Douglas, she was a direct descendant of Charles Douglas, 6th Marquess of Queensberry. Together, they were the parents of three children:

Lord Craven died in 1965 and was succeeded in the earldom by his elder son, Thomas.

### Descendants

Through his youngest son Simon, he was a grandfather of Benjamin Robert Joseph Craven (b. 1989), who became the 9th Earl of Craven as an infant upon his father's death in 1990.

Coat of arms of William Craven, 6th Earl of Craven
|  | CoronetA Coronet of an Earl CrestOn a Chapeau Gules turned up Ermine a Griffin statant wings elevated Ermine beaked and foremembered Or EscutcheonArgent a Fess between six Cross Crosslets fitchée Gules SupportersOn either side a Griffin wings elevated Ermine beaked and foremembered Or MottoVirtus In Actione Consistit (Virtue consists in action) |
| --- | --- |

Notes Sources  1. "EARL CATHCART DIVORCED.; Evidence Is Offered That Involved the Earl of Craven". *The New York Times*. 25 February 1922. Retrieved 14 June 2022.
2. TIMES, Special Cable to THE NEW YORK (14 July 1925). "WIFE SUES EARL OF CRAVEN; Divorce Action Follows His Elopement With Countess of Cathcart". *The New York Times*. Retrieved 14 June 2022.
3. Peter W. Hammond, editor, *The Complete Peerage or a History of the House of Lords and All its Members From the Earliest Times, Volume XIV: Addenda & Corrigenda* (Stroud, Gloucestershire, U.K.: Sutton Publishing, 1998), page 217.
4. "EARL OF CRAVEN DROWNED IN SOLENT; Believed to Have Fallen Off His Yacht in the Fight While His Crew Were Asleep. MARRIED CORNELIA MARTIN A Member of the Royal Household, He Was Well Known to Americans". *The New York Times*. 11 July 1921. Retrieved 25 August 2017.
5. "COUNTESS OF CRAVEN". *The New York Times*. 24 May 1961. Retrieved 25 August 2017.
6. "WEDDED IN GRANDEST STYLE; NUPTIALS OF MISS MARTIN AND THE EARL OF CRAVEN. Grace Church, Where the Marriage was Celebrated, Filled with Fashionable Peo- ple -- The Occasion Marred by the Break- ing In of the Outside Crowd -- Decora- tions in Lavish Profusion at Church and House -- A Hundred-Pound Wedding Cake -- Value of the Presents". *The New York Times*. 19 April 1893. Retrieved 25 August 2017.
7. Cokayne, George (1982). *The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain, and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct, or Dormant*. Vol. III. Gloucester England: A. Sutton. p. 506. ISBN 0-904387-82-8.
8. Mosley, Charles, editor. *Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage, 107th edition, 3 volumes.* Wilmington, Delaware, U.S.A.: Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd, 2003, volume 1, page 949.
9. "EARL OF CRAVEN WEDS MEYRICK DAUGHTER; Is Third Child of 'Night Club Queen' to Marry a Nobleman". *The New York Times*. 27 July 1939. Retrieved 14 June 2022.

## InfoBox

| Lieutenant The Right HonourableThe Earl of Craven | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | William Robert Bradley Craven
(1917-09-08)8 September 1917 |
| Died | 27 January 1965(1965-01-27) (aged 47) |
| Education | Downside School
Northamptonshire Institute of Agriculture |
| Spouses | *   Irene Meyrick
(m. 1939; div. 1954) *   Elizabeth Johnstone-Douglas
(m. 1954) |
| Children | 4 |
| Parent | William Craven, 5th Earl of Craven |
| Relatives | William Craven, 4th Earl of Craven (grandfather)
Cornelia, Countess of Craven (grandmother) |


abstract: The 1963 NCAA Tennis Championships were the 18th annual tournaments to determine the national champions of University Division men's singles, doubles, and team collegiate tennis in the United States. Defending champions USC captured the team championship, the Trojans' sixth such title. USC finished eight points ahead of rivals UCLA in the final team standings (27–19). This was the first tournament held exclusively for teams from the NCAA's University Division. Smaller universities were placed into the College Division, whose inaugural tennis championship was played in St. Louis and won by Cal State Los Angeles.

text:
# 1963 NCAA University Division tennis championships

The **1963 NCAA Tennis Championships** were the 18th annual tournaments to determine the national champions of University Division men's singles, doubles, and team collegiate tennis in the United States.

Defending champions USC captured the team championship, the Trojans' sixth such title. USC finished eight points ahead of rivals UCLA in the final team standings (27–19).

This was the first tournament held exclusively for teams from the NCAA's University Division (now Division I). Smaller universities were placed into the College Division, whose inaugural tennis championship was played in St. Louis and won by Cal State Los Angeles.

## Host site

This year's tournaments were contested at the Lenz Tennis Center at Princeton University in Princeton, New Jersey.

## Team scoring

Until 1977, the men's team championship was determined by points awarded based on individual performances in the singles and doubles events.

## InfoBox

| 1963 NCAA University Division Tennis Championships | |
| --- | --- |
| Date | May 1963 |
| Edition | 18th |
| Location | Princeton, New Jersey |
| Venue | Lenz Tennis Center
Princeton University |
| Champions | |
| Men's singles | |
| Dennis Ralston
(USC) | |
| Men's doubles | |
| Rafael Osuna /
Dennis Ralston
(USC) | |
|  | |


title: Salvo combat model

abstract: The salvo combat model provides a mathematical representation of anti-ship missile battles between modern warships. It was developed by Wayne Hughes at the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California, and published in 1995. The salvo model describes the basic elements of modern missile combat in a very simple manner. This is similar to how Lanchester's square law provides a simple model of modern gun combat.

text:
# Salvo combat model

The **salvo combat model** provides a mathematical representation of anti-ship missile battles between modern warships. It was developed by Wayne Hughes at the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California, and published in 1995. The salvo model describes the basic elements of modern missile combat in a very simple manner. This is similar to how Lanchester's square law provides a simple model of modern gun combat.

## Model parameters

### Basic form

Suppose that two naval forces, Red and Blue, are engaging each other in combat. The battle begins with Red firing a salvo of missiles at Blue. The Blue ships try to shoot down those incoming missiles. Simultaneously, Blue launches a salvo that Red tries to intercept.

This exchange of missile fire can be modeled as follows. Let symbol *A* represent the number of combat units (warships or other weapon platforms) in the Red force at the beginning of the battle. Each one has *offensive firepower α*, which is the number of offensive missiles accurately fired per salvo at the enemy. Each one also has *defensive firepower y*, which is the number of incoming enemy missiles intercepted per salvo by its active defenses. Each ship has *staying power w*, which is the number of enemy missile hits required to put it out of action. Equivalently, one could say that each attacking missile can cause damage equal to a fraction *u=1/w* of a Red ship.

The Blue force is represented in a similar manner. Blue has *B* units, each with offensive firepower *β*, defensive firepower *z*, and staying power *x*. Each missile that hits will cause damage *v=1/x*.

The salvo combat model calculates the number of ships lost on each side using the following pair of equations. Here, *ΔA* represents the change in the number of Red's ships from one salvo, while *ΔB* represents the change in the number of Blue ships.

*ΔA = -(βB - yA)u*, subject to *0 ≤ -ΔA ≤ A* *ΔB = -(αA - zB)v*, subject to *0 ≤ -ΔB ≤ B*

Each equation starts by calculating the total number of offensive missiles being launched by the attacker. It then subtracts the total number of interceptions by the defender. The number of remaining (non-intercepted) offensive missiles is multiplied by the amount of damage caused per missile to get the total amount of damage. If there are more defensive interceptions than offensive missiles, then the total damage is zero; it cannot be negative.

These equations assume that each side is using aimed fire; that is, a force knows the location of its target and can aim its missiles at it. If however a force knows only the approximate location of its target (e.g., somewhere within a fog bank), then it may spread its fire across a wide area, with the hope that at least some of its missiles will find the target. A different version of the salvo equations is required for such area fire.

Mathematically, the salvo equations can be thought of as difference equations or recurrence relations. They are also an example of operations research.

A stochastic (or probabilistic) version of the model also exists. In this version, the ship parameters listed above are random variables instead of constants. This means that the result of each salvo also varies randomly. The stochastic model can be incorporated into a computer spreadsheet and used instead of the Monte Carlo method of computer simulation. An alternative version of this model exists for situations where one side attacks first, and then the survivors (if any) on the other side counter-attack, such as at the Battle of Midway.

### Relation to Lanchester's laws

The salvo equations are related to Lanchester's Square Law equations, with two main differences.

First, the basic salvo equations form a discrete time model, whereas Lanchester's original equations form a continuous time model. Cruise missiles typically are fired in relatively small quantities. Each one has a high probability of hitting its target, if not intercepted, and carries a relatively powerful warhead. Therefore, it makes sense to model them as a discrete pulse (or salvo) of firepower.

By comparison, bullets or shells in a gun battle are typically fired in large quantities. Each round has a relatively low chance of hitting its target, and does a relatively small amount of damage. Therefore, it makes sense to model them as a small but continuous stream of firepower.

Second, the salvo equations include defensive firepower, whereas Lanchester's original equations include only offensive firepower. Cruise missiles can be intercepted (shot down) by active defenses, such as surface-to-air missiles and anti-aircraft guns. By comparison, it is generally not practical to intercept bullets and shells during a gun battle.

## Scenarios and tactics

### Types of warfare

The salvo model primarily represents naval missile battles, such as those that occurred during the Falklands War. Offensive firepower represents anti-ship cruise missiles such as the Harpoon, the Exocet and the Styx. Defensive firepower represents air defense missiles such as the Standard, as well as anti-aircraft guns such as the Phalanx. However, one can adapt the model to other kinds of battles having similar characteristics.

For example, some authors have used it study World War II battles between aircraft carriers, such as the Battle of the Coral Sea. In this case, the offensive firepower consists of dive bombers and torpedo bombers. The defensive firepower consists of fighter aircraft that try to intercept those bombers.

The model could instead describe battles where torpedoes are the main form of offensive firepower, such as in the Battle of Savo Island. In this case, the defensive firepower would be zero, since so far there is no effective way to intercept torpedoes.

A simplified version of the model was used to study alternative outcomes of the Charge of the Light Brigade by British cavalry against Russian cannon in 1854. The model has also been modified to represent tactical ballistic missile defense. This variant was used to analyze the performance of the Iron Dome missile defense system during 2012's Operation Pillar of Defense.

### Development of tactics

The salvo combat model can help with research on a variety of issues in naval warfare. For example, one study examined the value of having accurate information about an enemy fleet. Another study examined how many missiles would be required to achieve a desired probability of success when attacking several targets at once. Researchers have also analyzed the mathematical properties of the model itself.

The initial goal of such research is to get a better understanding of how the model works. A more important objective is to see what the model might suggest about the behavior of real missile battles. This could help with the development of better modern naval tactics for attacking with and defending against such missiles.

## Further reading


title: Nangō, Aomori

abstract: Nangō was a village located in Sannohe District in central Aomori Prefecture, Japan. Nangō Village was founded on April 1, 1889. On March 31, 1957 it merged with the neighboring villages of Shimamori and Nakazawa. On March 31, 2005, Nangō was merged into the expanded city of Hachinohe, and thus it no longer exists as an independent municipality. An inland village, Nangō had an agriculture-based economy. At the time of its merger, Nangō had an estimated population of 6,440 and a population density of 70.67 persons per km⁲. The total area was 91.13 km⁲.

text:
# Nangō, Aomori

**Nangō** (南郷村, *Nangō-mura*) was a village located in Sannohe District in central Aomori Prefecture, Japan.

Nangō Village was founded on April 1, 1889. On March 31, 1957 it merged with the neighboring villages of Shimamori and Nakazawa.

On March 31, 2005, Nangō was merged into the expanded city of Hachinohe, and thus it no longer exists as an independent municipality.

An inland village, Nangō had an agriculture-based economy. At the time of its merger, Nangō had an estimated population of 6,440 and a population density of 70.67 persons per km2. The total area was 91.13 km2.

## InfoBox

| Nangō 南郷村 | |
| --- | --- |
| Former municipality | |
|  | |
| Location of Nangō in Aomori Prefecture | |
| NangōLocation in Japan | |
| Coordinates: 40°24′13.40″N 141°26′14.5″E / 40.4037222°N 141.437361°E / 40.4037222; 141.437361 | |
| Country | Japan |
| Region | Tōhoku |
| Prefecture | Aomori Prefecture |
| District | Sannohe |
| Merged | March 31, 2005
(now part of Hachinohe) |
| Area | |
| Total | 91.13 km2 (35.19 sq mi) |
| Population (February 1, 2006) | |
| Total | 6,440 |
| Density | 70.67/km2 (183.0/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+09:00 (JST) |
|  | |
| Symbols | |
|  | |
| Bird | Green pheasant |
| Flower | Far East Amur adonis |
| Tree | Japanese red pine |
|  | |


title: The Boat Race 1936

abstract: The 88th Boat Race took place on 4 April 1936. Held annually, the Boat Race is a side-by-side rowing race between crews from the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge along the River Thames. Umpired by the former Boat Race coach Francis Escombe, Cambridge won by five lengths in a time of 21 minutes 6 seconds. The record thirteenth consecutive victory took the overall record in the event to 47–40 in Cambridge's favour. The heaviest crew up to that year in Boat Race history, Cambridge was the first to weigh more than an average of 13 st (82.4 kg) per individual.

text:
# The Boat Race 1936

The **88th Boat Race** took place on 4 April 1936. Held annually, the Boat Race is a side-by-side rowing race between crews from the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge along the River Thames. Umpired by the former Boat Race coach Francis Escombe, Cambridge won by five lengths in a time of 21 minutes 6 seconds. The record thirteenth consecutive victory took the overall record in the event to 4740 in Cambridge's favour. The heaviest crew up to that year in Boat Race history, Cambridge was the first to weigh more than an average of 13 st (82.4 kg) per individual.

## Background

The Boat Race is a side-by-side rowing competition between the University of Oxford (sometimes referred to as the "Dark Blues") and the University of Cambridge (sometimes referred to as the "Light Blues"). The race was first held in 1829, and since 1845 has taken place on the 4.2-mile (6.8 km) Championship Course on the River Thames in southwest London. The rivalry is a major point of honour between the two universities; it is followed throughout the United Kingdom and, as of 2014, broadcast worldwide. Cambridge went into the race as reigning champions, having won the 1935 race by four and a half lengths, and led overall with 46 victories to Oxford's 40 (excluding the "dead heat" of 1877).

Oxford were coached by William Rathbone (who rowed for Oxford in the 1926 and 1927 races), and former Cambridge rowers John Houghton Gibbon (who had rowed for the Light Blues in the 1899 and 1900 races) and Kenneth Payne (who rowed for Cambridge in the 1932 and 1934 races). Cambridge's coaches were F. E. Hellyer (who had rowed for the Light Blues in the 1910 and 1911 races), B. C. Johnstone, D. H. E. McCowen (who had rowed in the 1932 race) and C. H. Rew (who had coached the Light Blues the previous year). The race was umpired by Francis Jerram Escombe who had coached Cambridge fifteen times between 1904 and 1934, and Oxford the previous year. Both boats were made by Sims and both crews used Ayling's oars.

The rowing correspondent for *The Times* suggested that on arrival at Putney, "Cambridge were almost certainly the fastest crew ever to come to the tideway. Oxford were equally certain one of the worst". He went on to report that while Cambridge still looked "remarkably neat", they "have actually got slower"; at the same time Oxford "improved their pace, if not their appearance, in a measure that most critics would have thought quite impossible".

## Crews

The Cambridge crew weighed an average of 13 st 0.5 lb (82.6 kg), 3.75 pounds (1.7 kg) per rower more than their opponents, the heaviest crew ever at the time. It was the first time in the race history that a crew weighed more than an average of 13 st (82.4 kg). Oxford saw two participants with Boat Race experience return to the crew in number five B. J. Sciortino and stroke D. M. de R. Winser. Cambridge's crew contained five former Blues, four of whom were making their third appearance including cox Noel Duckworth, and Jack Wilson and Ran Laurie, who would win the Coxless pairs Gold medal at the 1948 Olympics. Three of the race participants were registered as non-British: Oxford's Jock Lewes and S. R. C. Wood, along with Cambridge's Thomas Cree were all Australian.

| Seat | Cambridge
 | | | Oxford
 | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Name | College | Weight | Name | College | Weight |
| Bow | T. S. Cree | Jesus | 12 st 2 lb | M. G. C. Ashby | New College | 12 st 0 lb |
| 2 | H. W. Mason | Trinity Hall | 12 st 8 lb | J. S. Lewes | Christ Church | 12 st 7.5 lb |
| 3 | G. M. Lewis | Pembroke | 13 st 0 lb | K. V. Garside | St John's | 12 st 12 lb |
| 4 | D. W. Burnford | Jesus | 13 st 4 lb | S. R. C. Wood | Brasenose | 12 st 7 lb |
| 5 | M. P. Lonnon | 3rd Trinity | 13 st 6 lb | B. J. Sciortino (P) | University | 12 st 11 lb |
| 6 | D. G. Kingsford | Pembroke | 13 st 7 lb | J. D. Sturrock | Magdalen | 14 st 1.5 lb |
| 7 | J. H. T. Wilson (P) | Pembroke | 13 st 0 lb | J. C. Cherry | Brasenose | 13 st 7 lb |
| Stroke | W. G. R. M. Laurie | Selwyn | 13 st 6 lb | D. M. de R. Winser | Corpus Christi | 11 st 12 lb |
| Cox | J. N. Duckworth | Jesus | 8 st 7 lb | M. A. Kirke | Keble | 8 st 7 lb |
| Source:
(P)  boat club president | | | | | | |

## Race

Oxford won the toss and elected to start from the Surrey station, handing the Middlesex side of the river to Cambridge. Umpire Escombe started the race at 11:40 a.m in relatively calm water. Cambridge made the quicker start, out-rating the Dark Blues, but struggled in patches of rougher water such that Oxford held a slight lead by the end of the Fulham Wall. With the bend in the river against them, the Dark Blues held a half-length lead as the crews passed the Mile Post and, according to former Oxford rower E. P. Evans, writing in *The Manchester Guardian*, "were going well ... and seemed to be forging ahead at every stroke". At Harrods Furniture Depository, Cambridge stroke Ran Laurie pushed on to reduce Oxford's advantage as the long bend in the river favoured them: the crews passed under Hammersmith Bridge with Cambridge trailing by half a length.

A series of spurts from Cambridge combined with intelligent steering from their cox, pushing the Dark Blue boat out of the tide, resulted in a reversal of fortune with Cambridge leading, and by the end of Chiswick Eyot, they were nearly clear of Oxford. Passing Chiswick Steps four seconds ahead, the Light Blues continued to increase their advantage, passing below Barnes Bridge four lengths ahead. They passed the finishing post five lengths ahead in a time of 21 minutes 6 seconds. It was the largest winning margin since the 1929 race and the slowest winning time since the 1925 race when Oxford sank in adverse conditions. It was Cambridge's thirteenth consecutive victory, a record streak in the history of the Boat Race, and took the overall record in the event to 4740 in their favour. E. P. Evans wrote that "no praise is too much for the gallant Oxford crew" while of Cambridge he noted "though they may not have produced their best form in the early part of the race they made up for it later". The rowing correspondent for *The Times* stated that "it was an exciting race over the first half of the course" and praised the Light Blues saying "all credit is due to the Cambridge crew for the manner in which they recovered themselves after being led through such bad water". William Beach Thomas, writing in *The Observer*, claimed "Cambridge were described as the best crew in the chronicles of rowing kings, and Oxford the very worst".

**Notes**

**Bibliography**

## InfoBox

| 88th Boat Race | |
| --- | --- |
| Date | 4 April 1936 (1936-04-04) |
| Winner | Cambridge |
| Margin of victory | 5 lengths |
| Winning time | 21 minutes 6 seconds |
| Overall record
(CambridgeOxford) | 4740 |
| Umpire | Francis Escombe
(Cambridge) |
| Other races | |
| Women's winner | Oxford |
|  | |


title: Walter Schroeder

abstract: Walter Schroeder was a Wisconsin hotel and insurance magnate.

text:
# Walter Schroeder

**Walter Schroeder** (May 19, 1878 – July 18, 1967) was a Wisconsin hotel and insurance magnate.

## Early life

Schroeder's formal education ended with the eighth grade and he began working at age 14 as a clerk in the Office of the Milwaukee Register of Deeds. There he learned about mortgages, deeds, and other legal instruments related to real estate. Shortly after beginning work at the deed office, Schroeder also began working as a staff member of the Milwaukee *Daily Reporter.* Schroeder began his paper only two years later, the *Daily Abstractor*, captured most of the *Reporter'*s readers, and then bought out the *Reporter.*

## Hotelier

In Chris. Schroeder & Son was asked to refinance a bond issue for the Wisconsin Hotel, the largest hotel in the state at that time. Schroeder saw that the hotel industry lacked competent management skills, and so decided to enter the hotel business.

In the 1920s Schroeder opened the:

He also acquired the:

* Calumet Hotel in Fond du Lac
* Vincent Hotel in Benton Harbor, Michigan

## Legacy

Schroeder was a generous philanthropist. His foundation provided a $3 million grant to help fund the Milwaukee School of Engineering's Walter Schroeder Library in 1978. Other facilities named after Schroeder include the Walter Schroeder Lounge at the Humphrey Scottish Rite Masonic Center, and the Olympic-size Walter Schroeder Aquatic Center of the Metro Milwaukee YMCA. He was also a benefactor of Marquette University.

## Ghost

Schroeder's ghost is said to haunt the Hotel Retlaw in Fond du Lac, the Aquatic Center, and the Schroeder Hall.


title: Ronald Owens

abstract: Ronald Owens was an American Democratic Party politician who served in the New Jersey General Assembly from 1966 to 1978. Born in Newark, Owens graduated from Central High School in 1948 and earned a B.A. in political science from Rutgers University in 1953. After serving in the Signal Corps from 1953 to 1955, he became a teacher in the Newark Public Schools. Later, he attended Seton Hall University where he earned a law degree, was admitted to the New Jersey Bar in 1962, and opened a law practice in Newark. Owens was a member of the Newark Board of Education from 1963 to 1966. In 1965, he was elected to the General Assembly from an at-large seat consisting of nine members from Essex County. In 1967, he was elected to the newly formed District 11B in Essex County and was reelected there in 1969. In 1971, he was reelected in District 11A centered about the South Ward of Newark and Ironbound district. Owens was reelected two more times in a similar district, later numbered as the 29th. He did not run for reelection in 1977. He died on June 8, 2005.

text:
# Ronald Owens

**Ronald Owens** (February 4, 1930 – June 8, 2005) was an American Democratic Party politician who served in the New Jersey General Assembly from 1966 to 1978.

Born in Newark, Owens graduated from Central High School in 1948 and earned a B.A. in political science from Rutgers University in 1953. After serving in the Signal Corps from 1953 to 1955, he became a teacher in the Newark Public Schools. Later, he attended Seton Hall University where he earned a law degree, was admitted to the New Jersey Bar in 1962, and opened a law practice in Newark.

Owens was a member of the Newark Board of Education from 1963 to 1966. In 1965, he was elected to the General Assembly from an at-large seat consisting of nine members from Essex County. In 1967, he was elected to the newly formed District 11B in Essex County and was reelected there in 1969. In 1971, he was reelected in District 11A centered about the South Ward of Newark and Ironbound district. Owens was reelected two more times in a similar district, later numbered as the 29th. He did not run for reelection in 1977.

He died on June 8, 2005.

## InfoBox

| Ronald Owens | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the New Jersey General Assembly | |
| **In office**
January 11, 1966  January 10, 1978 | |
| Preceded by | *Multi-member district* |
| Succeeded by | Eugene H. Thompson |
| Constituency | Essex County (1966–1968)
District 11B (1968–1972)
District 11A (1972–1974)
29th District (1974–1978) |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1930-02-04)February 4, 1930
Newark, New Jersey |
| Died | June 8, 2005(2005-06-08) (aged 75)
Newark, New Jersey |
| Political party | Democratic |
|  | |


title: Redbird (band)

abstract: Redbird is an Americana / folk trio, comprising Jeffrey Foucault, Kris Delmhorst and Peter Mulvey. All three are artists on the Signature Sounds Recordings label and have regularly toured together. Foucault and Delmhorst are married.

text:
# Redbird (band)

**Redbird** is an Americana / folk trio, comprising Jeffrey Foucault, Kris Delmhorst and Peter Mulvey. All three are artists on the Signature Sounds Recordings label and have regularly toured together. Foucault and Delmhorst are married.

## Discography

### Albums

## Members

## InfoBox

| Redbird | |
| --- | --- |
| L-R: Peter Mulvey, Kris Delmhorst, Jeffrey Foucault in 2005. | |
| Background information | |
| Origin | Wisconsin, Massachusetts |
| Genres | Americana, folk |
| Years active | 2003-2011 |
| Labels | Signature Sounds Recordings |
|  | |
| Members | Jeffrey Foucault,
Kris Delmhorst,
Peter Mulvey |