title: 1985 World Snooker Championship

abstract: The 1985 World Snooker Championship was a professional ranking tournament in snooker that took place from 12 to 28 April 1985 at the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield, England. Organised by the World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association (WPBSA), the event was the ninth consecutive World Snooker Championship to be held at the Crucible, the first tournament having taken place in 1977. A five-round qualifying event for the championship was held at the Preston Guild Hall from 29 March to 5 April for 87 players, 16 of whom reached the main stage, where they met the 16 invited seeded players. The tournament was broadcast in the United Kingdom by the BBC, and was sponsored by the Embassy cigarette company. The total prize fund for the event was £250,000, the highest prize pool for any snooker tournament to that date. The winner received £60,000, which was the highest amount ever received by the winner of a snooker event at that time. The defending champion was Englishman Steve Davis, who had previously won the World Championship three times. He met Northern Irishman Dennis Taylor in the final which was a best-of-35-frames match. Davis took an early 9–1 lead, but Taylor battled back into the match and drew level at 17–17, forcing a deciding frame. The 35th frame was contested over the final black ball, with the player able to pot the ball winning the world title. After Taylor missed three attempts to pot the black, Davis missed his only attempt to leave Taylor a relatively simple pot to win his sole World Championship. The match, often referred to as the "black ball final", is commonly considered to be the best-known match in the history of snooker and a reason for the surge in the sport's popularity in the 1980s and 1990s. Canadian Bill Werbeniuk scored the championship's highest break, a 143, in his first-round match. There were 14 century breaks compiled during the championship, with ten more in qualifying matches. This was the first professional snooker championship to introduce a ban on performance-enhancing substances, with all players in the main stage having to undertake drug tests. The final between Davis and Taylor holds the record for the most-viewed broadcast in the United Kingdom of a programme shown after midnight, with a peak of 18.5 million viewers for the match's final frame, breaking the existing records for the most-viewed sporting event and BBC2 programme.

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# 1985 World Snooker Championship

The **1985 World Snooker Championship** (also known as the **1985 Embassy World Snooker Championship** for the purpose of sponsorship) was a professional ranking tournament in snooker that took place from 12 to 28 April 1985 at the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield, England. Organised by the World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association (WPBSA), the event was the ninth consecutive World Snooker Championship to be held at the Crucible, the first tournament having taken place in 1977. A five-round qualifying event for the championship was held at the Preston Guild Hall from 29 March to 5 April for 87 players, 16 of whom reached the main stage, where they met the 16 invited seeded players. The tournament was broadcast in the United Kingdom by the BBC, and was sponsored by the Embassy cigarette company. The total prize fund for the event was £250,000, the highest prize pool for any snooker tournament to that date. The winner received £60,000, which was the highest amount ever received by the winner of a snooker event at that time.

The defending champion was Englishman Steve Davis, who had previously won the World Championship three times. He met Northern Irishman Dennis Taylor in the final which was a best-of-35-frames match. Davis took an early 9–1 lead, but Taylor battled back into the match and drew level at 17–17, forcing a deciding frame. The 35th frame was contested over the final black ball, with the player able to pot the ball winning the world title. After Taylor missed three attempts to pot the black, Davis missed his only attempt to leave Taylor a relatively simple pot to win his sole World Championship. The match, often referred to as the "black ball final", is commonly considered to be the best-known match in the history of snooker and a reason for the surge in the sport's popularity in the 1980s and 1990s.

Canadian Bill Werbeniuk scored the championship's highest break, a 143, in his first-round match. There were 14 century breaks compiled during the championship, with ten more in qualifying matches. This was the first professional snooker championship to introduce a ban on performance-enhancing substances, with all players in the main stage having to undertake drug tests. The final between Davis and Taylor holds the record for the most-viewed broadcast in the United Kingdom of a programme shown after midnight, with a peak of 18.5 million viewers for the match's final frame, breaking the existing records for the most-viewed sporting event and BBC2 programme.

## Overview

The World Snooker Championship is a professional tournament and the official world championship of the game of snooker. Developed in the late 19th century by British Army soldiers stationed in India, snooker was popular in the United Kingdom before being introduced to Europe and the Commonwealth. The sport is now played worldwide, especially in East and Southeast Asian nations such as China, Hong Kong and Thailand.

The World Championship is organised by the World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association (WPBSA). It features 32 professional players competing in one-on-one single-elimination matches, played over several frames. The players are selected to take part using a combination of the world snooker rankings and a pre-tournament qualification round. The first World Championship, in 1927, was won by Joe Davis in a final at Camkin's Hall in Birmingham, England. Since 1977, the tournament has been held at the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield. The 1984 championship was won by England's Steve Davis, who defeated fellow countryman Jimmy White 18–16 in the final; this was Davis's third world championship win, following his victories in 1981 and 1983. The winner of the 1985 championship received a prize of 60,000 from a total of £250,000, the highest first prize amount for a snooker event to that date.

The tournament was the first snooker event to feature drug tests for the participants, as mandated by the WPBSA on 9 April 1985; the tests were proposed by WPBSA board member Barry Hearn. The event was broadcast by the BBC in the United Kingdom, with over 90 hours of coverage. The estimated cost for the fortnight's broadcast was reportedly £3 million. The championship was sponsored by the Embassy cigarette company.

### Format

The championship was held from 12 to 28 April 1985 at the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield, England, the ninth consecutive World Championship to be held at the venue. It was the last ranking event of the 1984–85 snooker season. There were 103 entrants from the World Snooker Tour, with 32 participants in the competition's main draw. A five-round knockout qualifying competition with 87 players, held at Preston Guild Hall between 29 March and 5 April, produced the 16 qualifying players who progressed into the main draw to play the top 16 seeds. The draw for the tournament was made at the Savoy Hotel in London on 16 January 1985.

The top 16 players in the latest world rankings automatically qualified for the main draw as seeded players. As defending champion, Steve Davis was seeded first for the event; the remaining 15 seeds were allocated based on world rankings for the 1984–85 season. Matches in the first round of the main draw were played as best-of-19-frames. The number of frames needed to win a match increased to 13 in the second round and quarter-finals, and 16 in the semi-finals; the final match was played as best-of-35-frames.

Six former world champions participated in the main tournament at the Crucible: Ray Reardon (1970, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976, and 1978), Steve Davis (1981, 1983, and 1984), John Spencer (1969, 1971, and 1977), Alex Higgins (1972 and 1982), Cliff Thorburn (1980) and Terry Griffiths (1979). Four players made their world championship debuts, all via the qualifying event: Dene O'Kane, Eugene Hughes, Tony Jones, and Wayne Jones.

### Prize fund

The event had a total prize fund of £250,000, an increase of £50,000 in the total prize pool from the previous year, and the winner received £60,000, an increase of £16,000 from the previous year. The prize amount was a new record high for snooker event. The breakdown of prize money for the tournament was:

* Winner: £60,000
* Runner-up: £35,000
* Semi-finals: £20,000
* Quarter-finals: £10,000
* Last 16: £5,250
* Last 32: £2,500
* Qualifying groups runner-up: £1,500
* Qualifying groups third place: £750
* Highest break: £6,000
* Maximum break: £60,000

## Tournament summary

### Qualifying

The qualifying rounds for the event were played from 29 March to 5 April at the Preston Guildhall. The qualifying competition consisted of five knockout rounds, starting with 87 players. There were seven matches in the first round, bringing the number of remaining players to 80. The other four qualifying rounds each contained 16 matches, the winners of each round meeting the 16 higher-ranked players who had been seeded into the next round. The 16 winners from the fifth and final qualifying round met the top 16 seeds in the first round of the main competition.

All qualifying matches were played as best-of-19-frames. John Dunning was seeded into the third round of qualifying, where he played his first return match since his heart attack at the 1984 Grand Prix; he lost the match to Wayne Jones, 6–10. Danny Fowler made the highest break of the qualifying competition, scoring a 137 in his 10–0 victory over Jim Donnelly in the fourth round, before losing 2–10 to John Parrott in the fifth. Fred Davis, aged 71 and eight-time champion between 1948 and 1956, defeated Robert Chaperon 10–9 in the fourth round of qualifying but lost 6–10 to Rex Williams in the fifth.

### First round

The first round of the championship, from 12 to 17 April, featured 32 players competing in 16 best-of-19-frames matches in two sessions; each seeded player competed against a qualifier. The first match to finish was between second seed Tony Knowles and qualifier Tony Jones. Knowles won four straight frames before he was pegged back to 4–4. Jones took four of the next five frames to lead 8–5 but eventually lost 8–10. As part of an initiative to remove performance-enhancing substances, drug tests were performed for the first time during the event; Knowles was the first player tested.

A series of articles in the *Daily Star* about drug abuse in the championship was based on statements reportedly by Silvino Francisco. Francisco trailed 1–8 after the first session of his first-round match against 11th seed Dennis Taylor, and lost the match 2–10. At a press conference held afterwards, World Snooker chairman Rex Williams said that there was no evidence of drug use in the sport, and Francisco apologised to Kirk Stevens (the player named in the *Daily Star* articles), claiming that the statements in the article were a "total lie".

Top seed and defending champion, Steve Davis, won his match against Neal Foulds 10–8 to reach the second round. Only two unseeded players won their first-round matches: Patsy Fagan defeated 12th seed Willie Thorne 10–6 and John Parrott defeated 13th seed John Spencer 10–3. Spencer was diagnosed with myasthenia gravis shortly after the tournament; his vision was affected and he won only two matches all season. After being defeated twice during the season by Eugene Hughes, six-time champion and fifth seed Ray Reardon won 10–9 against Hughes on a deciding frame.

In a low-scoring match between ninth seed Alex Higgins and Dean Reynolds, neither player produced a break of over 30 points in the first three frames. Reynolds won just the fifth frame of the opening session, Higgins taking an 8–1 lead and eventually winning 10–4. John Virgo led tenth seed Tony Meo 5–4 after the first session, but won just one frame in the second session to lose 6–10. In a press conference after the match, Virgo said: "I don't think Tony played well enough to beat me. It was the run of the balls that beat me. That's the way it has been for me for six years. I can't explain it. I practise hard. I play well, but sometimes that is not enough. You need a lot of luck in this game and I didn't get any at all."

Although fourth seed Kirk Stevens defeated Ray Edmonds 10–8, snooker pundit Clive Everton said that his standard of play was not that of a top-four player and Edmonds "made \[Stevens\] work". In a slow first session, Rex Williams and eighth seed Terry Griffiths played seven (instead of the planned nine) frames; Griffiths led 6–1 after three hours and 38 minutes, eventually winning the match 10–3. Bill Werbeniuk (seeded 14th), who had not won a match all season, defeated Joe Johnson 10–8 and scored a 143 break in the tenth frame – the third-highest break at the championship at that time.

Third seed Cliff Thorburn defeated Mike Hallett, 10–8; 15th seed Doug Mountjoy defeated Murdo MacLeod, 10–5; 16th seed David Taylor defeated Dene O'Kane, 10–4; and sixth seed Eddie Charlton defeated John Campbell, 10–3, in an all-Australian tie.

### Second round

The second round, from 18 to 22 April, was played as eight best-of-25-frames matches. Steve Davis led David Taylor 3–0 and 6–3 before winning seven of the eight frames in the second session to win 13–4, scoring century breaks in the eighth (100) and eleventh (105) frames. Alex Higgins and Terry Griffiths were tied 5–5 after ten frames. Griffiths pulled ahead during the second session, leading 10–6, and won three of the first four frames of the final session to win 13–7. John Parrott led Kirk Stevens 6–2 after the first session and eventually won, 13–6.

Ray Reardon and Patsy Fagan were tied after the first session, 4–4, before Reardon pulled ahead 7–5. Reardon fluked the final black ball of frame 13 to lead 8–5, and pulled ahead 12–9 before his cue tip came off in frame 22 when he was well ahead on points. Reardon would have been allowed 15 minutes to replace his cue tip, but Fagan offered to let Reardon use his cue. Reardon accepted, using Fagan's borrowed cue to complete his victory. In an all-Canadian second-round match, Cliff Thorburn defeated Bill Werbeniuk 13–3 with a session to spare. Two former event finalists, Dennis Taylor and Eddie Charlton, met in the second round; Taylor defeated Charlton, 13–6. Seventh seed Jimmy White overcame Tony Meo, after being tied 10–10, to win 13–11. In the final second-round match, Tony Knowles defeated Doug Mountjoy 13–6.

### Quarter-finals

The quarter-finals were played as best-of-25-frames matches in three sessions on 23 and 24 April. Terry Griffiths led Steve Davis after winning the first four frames of the match, but finished the first session at 4–4. Davis won six of the eight frames in the second session to lead 10–6. In the first frame of the third session, Griffiths committed a foul by touching a ball with his waistcoat, following which Davis made a break of 80 to win the frame. Davis also took the next two frames, winning 13–6 to reach his fourth World Championship semi-final. John Parrott also won the first four frames of his match against Ray Reardon, and led 5–3 after the first session. Parrott extended his lead to 9–5 in the second session, but missed the green ball in two successive frames to lead by only 9–7 after the session. Reardon won the first five frames of the third session (seven in a row) to lead 12–9, and Parrott won the next three frames to force a deciding frame. With one red left on the table, Parrott led by seven points; Reardon snookered Parrott, and won a free ball to win the match with a break of 31.

Due to slow play, only six of the eight frames of the opening session between Dennis Taylor and Cliff Thorburn were played. Taylor took a lead of 4–0, before ending the session at 4–2. The session was described as interesting by Clive Everton of *The Guardian*, however, due to the "high quality of the tactical play." The second session was also long-winded, with the match adjourned at 1:21 a.m. (after nine hours and 45 minutes of play); Taylor led 10–5, with a frame still to be played. Resuming the match, Taylor won three straight frames to win 13–5 and reach his fifth semi-final. Thorburn said after the match that both players were at fault for the slow play: "I wasn't the only one playing safe. If I had played well, this would have been the longest match ever." There was only one break of over 50 in the entire match, made by Taylor in the final frame.

Second seed Tony Knowles played Jimmy White, and led 5–3 after the first session. Knowles made a break of 137 during the session, but missed the black; it would have been the tournament's highest break. He retained his lead through the second session, despite twice being a pot away from being tied; the session finished 9–7. Returning to the match, Knowles won the next two frames but White won a re-spotted black in frame 19. Knowles handled the pressure better than White, and won 13–10.

### Semi-finals

The semi-finals were played on 25 and 26 April as best-of-31-frames matches over four sessions. Reigning champion Steve Davis defeated Ray Reardon, needing only three sessions to secure a 16–5 victory. Reardon, the oldest-ever World Championship semi-finalist, failed to play at the level he had played against Parrott. Although Reardon had won his previous matches with strong safety play, Davis's long potting created opportunities throughout the match. Janice Hale of *Snooker Scene* magazine wrote that the match had "an air of inevitability", with Davis in full control. Davis compiled the 100th century break made at the Crucible, a 106 break in frame 13. In winning, he reached his third straight World Championship final.

Tony Knowles played Dennis Taylor in the second semi-final. After winning the first two frames, Knowles won only three more frames in the rest of the match; Taylor led 10–5 after the second session, and then took six frames in a row to win the match in three sessions. Knowles had expected to win, as the higher-seeded player, but he failed to exhibit the form he had shown earlier in the tournament and fell by the same scoreline as Reardon. Afterwards, he could not understand how he had lost to a lower-seeded player. Taylor said that he had seen Knowles get "angry" during the match, however, and that he had "thrown his cue" at a few shots. Knowles also lost the following year's event in the semi-finals to eventual champion Joe Johnson.

Because both semi-finals were one-sided and finished early, tournament organisers arranged exhibition matches to occupy the pre-sold afternoon and evening sessions on April 26.

### Final

The final was played between Steve Davis and Dennis Taylor on 27 and 28 April as a best-of-35-frames match over four sessions. This was Davis's fourth world final, having won the title in 1981, 1983, and 1984; and Taylor's second, having lost 16–24 to Terry Griffiths in the 1979 final. Davis and Taylor had met at the World Championship on two previous occasions, Taylor winning their first-round encounter in 1979 and Davis winning the semi-final in 1984.

Although Taylor scored a break of 50 in the first frame of the match, Davis won all seven frames of the opening session to lead 7–0. At the start of the second session, Davis took the eighth frame and was leading in frame nine but missed a thin cut on the green ball. This error was later considered the turning point of the match, as it allowed Taylor to win his first frame, Davis however won the next frame to lead 9–1, but Taylor won six frames in a row to finish the second session 7–9 behind overnight. On the second day, Taylor tied the match at 11–11 and 15–15, but was never ahead at any point. Davis won the next two frames to lead 17–15, needing one more frame to win the championship. Taylor clinched frame 33 and then made a break of over 50 to tie the match at 17–17, forcing a deciding frame.

The final frame lasted more than an hour, finishing after midnight British Summer Time. Davis led 62–44, with just the last four balls to play, Taylor requiring all four to win the match. He potted difficult shots on the brown, blue, and pink, leaving the black ball to determine the winner of the championship. With the black safe, both players attempted to double the ball. The first real opportunity fell to Taylor, with a long pot to the baulk corner, but he missed the shot; according to commentator Jim Meadowcroft, "That was the biggest shot of his life". Davis was left with a thin cut on the black; he stepped up to the table and again missed the shot, leaving Taylor a mid-range shot. Ted Lowe said, "This is really unbelievable" before Taylor potted the black and won the match. Taylor was not ahead at any point during the match, until the final pot. The final between Davis and Taylor attracted 18.5 million viewers on BBC2, the programme finishing at 12:23 a.m. after Taylor had won the title. The viewership was the highest for any broadcast after midnight in the United Kingdom, and the most-viewed show on BBC2. The match became known as "the black ball final".

After potting the final ball, Taylor raised his cue stick; he "waggled" his finger and kissed the winner's trophy. He said in a 2009 interview that the gesture was aimed at his "good mate" Trevor East, whom he had told he would win. At a press conference afterwards, he said that the match was the "best he had ever been involved in \[his\] life". Taylor dedicated the world championship to his late mother who had died the previous year. Unwilling to play snooker, he had withdrawn from the 1984 International Open. His family and friends had persuaded him to play again in the Grand Prix event, where he won his first professional title by defeating Cliff Thorburn in the final.

## Main draw

The results for each round of the main stage of the championship are shown below. The numbers in parentheses beside some of the players are their seeding ranks (each championship has 16 seeds and 16 qualifiers).

|
|  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | First round<br>Best of 19 frames | | |  |  | Second round<br>Best of 25 frames | | |  |  | Quarter-finals<br>Best of 25 frames | | |  |  | Semi-finals<br>Best of 31 frames | | |  |  | Final<br>Best of 35 frames | | |
|  | || | | | | | | | | | | |
|  | 12 April | | | | |  | | | | |  | | | | |  | | | | |  | | |
|  | || | | | | | | | | |
|  | **Steve Davis (ENG) (1)** | | **10** | | || | | | | | | |
|  | |  | |  | 17 & 18 April | | | | | || | | | |
|  | Neal Foulds (ENG) | | | 8 |  |  | || | | | | | |
|  | |  | |  | **Steve Davis (1)** | | | **13** | | || | | | |
|  | 12 & 13 April | | | | |  | |  |  | |  || | | | |
|  | |  |  | David Taylor (16) | | 4 | |  |  | || | | | |
|  | **David Taylor (ENG) (16)** | | | **10** | |  | |  |  | |  || | | | |
|  | |  | |  |  | | | | | | 22 & 23 April | | | | | || |
|  | Dene O'Kane (NZL) | | | 4 |  | | |  || | | | | |
|  | |  | |  | **Steve Davis (1)** | | | | **13** | || | | | |
|  | | | | 13 & 14 April | | | |  | | | |  | |  |  |  || |
|  | | |  | |  | Terry Griffiths (8) | | 6 |  | |  || | |
|  | | | | **Alex Higgins (NIR) (9)** | | | **10** |  | | | |  | |  |  |  || |
|  | |  | |  | 18 & 19 April | | | | | | |  | | | || |
|  | Dean Reynolds (ENG) | | | 4 |  | | | | | |  || | |
|  | |  | |  | Alex Higgins (9) | | | | | | | 7 | || |
|  | 13 & 14 April | | | | | |  |  | | |  |  | || |
|  | |  |  | **Terry Griffiths (8)** | | | **13** |  | | |  || | |
|  | **Terry Griffiths (WAL) (8)** | | | **10** | | |  |  | | |  |  | || |
|  | |  | |  |  | | | | | | | 24 & 25 April | | | || |
|  | Rex Williams (ENG) | | | 3 |  | | |  | | || | |
|  | |  | |  | **Steve Davis (1)** | | | | | | **16** || | |
|  | | | | 14 & 15 April | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  |  |  |  |
|  | | |  | |  | Ray Reardon (5) | | 5 |  |  ||
|  | | | | **Ray Reardon (WAL) (5)** | | | **10** |  | | |  |  | |  | | |  |  |  |  |
|  | |  | |  | 19 & 20 April | | | | | |  | | | | | | |
|  | Eugene Hughes (IRL) | | | 9 |  | | | | |  || | | |
|  | |  | |  | **Ray Reardon (5)** | | | | | | **13** | | | | |
|  | 15 & 16 April | | | | | |  |  | |  |  | | | | |
|  | |  |  | Patsy Fagan | | | 9 |  | |  || | | |
|  | Willie Thorne (ENG) (12) | | | 6 | | |  |  | |  |  | | | | |
|  | |  | |  |  | | | | | 22 & 23 April | | | | | | |
|  | **Patsy Fagan (IRL)** | | | **10** |  | | |  || | | |
|  | |  | |  | **Ray Reardon (5)** | | | | **13** || | | |
|  | | | | 15 & 16 April | | | | |  | | |  | | | |  |  |  |
|  | | |  | |  | | John Parrott | | 12 |  |  || | |
|  | | | | John Spencer (ENG) (13) | | | | 3 |  | | |  | | | |  |  |  |
|  | |  | |  | 20 & 21 April | | | | | | | | | | |  | | |
|  | **John Parrott (ENG)** | | | **10** |  | | | | | |  || | |
|  | |  | |  | **John Parrott** | | | | | | | **13** | | | |
|  | 16 & 17 April | | | | | |  |  | | |  |  | | | |
|  | |  |  | Kirk Stevens (4) | | | 6 |  | | |  || | |
|  | **Kirk Stevens (CAN) (4)** | | | **10** | | |  |  | | |  |  | | | |
|  | |  | |  |  | | | | | | | 27 & 28 April | | | | |
|  | Ray Edmonds (ENG) | | | 8 |  | | |  | | || |
|  | |  | |  | Steve Davis (1) | | | | | | 17 || |
|  | | | | 16 & 17 April | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | | |  |  |
|  | | |  | |  | **Dennis Taylor (11)** | | **18** |
|  | | | | **Cliff Thorburn (CAN) (3)** | | | **10** |  | | |  |  |  | | |  |  |  | | |  |  |
|  | |  | |  | 20 & 21 April | | | | | |  | | | | | | | |
|  | Mike Hallett (ENG) | | | 8 |  | | | | |  || | | | |
|  | |  | |  | **Cliff Thorburn (3)** | | | | | | **13** | | | || |
|  | 16 April | | | | | |  |  | |  |  | | | || |
|  | |  |  | Bill Werbeniuk (14) | | | 3 |  | |  || | | | |
|  | **Bill Werbeniuk (CAN) (14)** | | | **10** | | |  |  | |  |  | | | || |
|  | |  | |  |  | | | | | 22 & 23 April | | | | | || |
|  | Joe Johnson (ENG) | | | 8 |  | | |  || | | | |
|  | |  | |  | Cliff Thorburn (3) | | | | 5 || | | | |
|  | | | | 15 April | | | | |  | | |  |  | |  |  | | |
|  | | |  | |  | | **Dennis Taylor (11)** | | **13** |  |  || | |
|  | | | | **Dennis Taylor (NIR) (11)** | | | | **10** |  | | |  |  | |  |  | | |
|  | |  | |  | 19 & 20 April | | | | | | | |  | | | | | |
|  | Silvino Francisco (RSA) | | | 2 |  | | | | | |  || | |
|  | |  | |  | **Dennis Taylor (11)** | | | | | | | **13** || | |
|  | 14 & 15 April | | | | | |  |  | | |  |  || | |
|  | |  |  | Eddie Charlton (6) | | | 6 |  | | |  || | |
|  | **Eddie Charlton (AUS) (6)** | | | **10** | | |  |  | | |  |  || | |
|  | |  | |  |  | | | | | | | 24, 25 & 26 April | | || |
|  | John Campbell (AUS) | | | 3 |  | | |  | | || |
|  | |  | |  | **Dennis Taylor (11)** | | | | | | **16** || |
|  | | | | 13 & 14 April | | | | |  | | | | | | | |  |  |  |  |
|  | | |  | |  | | Tony Knowles (2) | | 5 |  |  |
|  | | | | **Jimmy White (ENG) (7)** | | | | **10** |  | | |  |  |  | | |  |  |  |  |
|  | |  | |  | 18 & 19 April | | | | | | | | | | |  | | |
|  | Wayne Jones (WAL) | | | 4 |  | | | | |  || | | |
|  | |  | |  | **Jimmy White (7)** | | | | | | **13** | | | | |
|  | 13 & 14 April | | | | | |  |  | |  |  | | | | |
|  | |  |  | Tony Meo (10) | | | 11 |  | |  || | | |
|  | **Tony Meo (ENG) (10)** | | | **10** | | |  |  | |  |  | | | | |
|  | |  | |  |  | | | | | 22 & 23 April | | | | | | |
|  | John Virgo (ENG) | | | 6 |  | | |  || | | |
|  | |  | |  | Jimmy White (7) | | | | 10 || | | |
|  | | | | 12 & 13 April | | | | |  | | |  |  | | |  |  |
|  | | |  | |  | | **Tony Knowles (2)** | | **13** |  |  || |
|  | | | | **Doug Mountjoy (WAL) (15)** | | | | **10** |  | | |  |  | | |  |  |
|  | |  | |  | 17, 18 & 19 April | | | | | | | |  | | | | |
|  | Murdo MacLeod (SCO) | | | 5 |  | | | | | |  || |
|  | |  | |  | Doug Mountjoy (15) | | | | | | | 6 || |
|  | 12 April | | | | | |  |  | | |  |  || |
|  | |  |  | **Tony Knowles (2)** | | | **13** |  | | |  || |
|  | **Tony Knowles (ENG) (2)** | | | **10** | | |  |  | | |  |  || |
|  | |  | |  |  | | | | | | || |
|  | Tony Jones (ENG) | | | 8 |  | | |  | | || |
|  | |  | |  |  | |  |  |  |  |  |

| **Final:** (Best of 35 frames) Crucible Theatre, Sheffield, 27 & 28 April. Referee: John Williams | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Steve Davis (1)<br>England | | | | 17–**18** | | | | **Dennis Taylor (11)** <br>Northern Ireland | | | |
| Players | Session 1: **7**–0 | | | | | | | | | | |
| Frame | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 |
| Davis | **88** | **93** (87) | **49** | **65** | **95** (55) | **85** (66) | **83** (58) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Taylor | 50 (50) | 0 | 2 | 38 | 1 | 6 | 20 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Players | Session 2: 2–**7** (**9**–7) | | | | | | | | | | |
| Frame | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 |
| Davis | **121** (64, 57) | 49 | **76** (57) | 48 | 27 | 19 | 1 | 0 | 48 | N/A | N/A |
| Taylor | 0 | **59** | 27 | **63** | **75** (61) | **99** (98) | **71** (70) | **100** (56) | **77** | N/A | N/A |
| Players | Session 3: 4–4 (**13**–11) | | | | | | | | | | |
| Frame | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 |
| Davis | 25 | **72** | **66** | 45 | 2 | 1 | **64** | **58** | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Taylor | **68** (53) | 43 | 58 | **80** | **73** (57) | **80** (55) | 56 | 46 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Players | Session 4: 4–**7** (17–**18**) | | | | | | | | | | |
| Frame | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 |
| Davis | **86** (86) | 43 | **78** (66) | 29 | 4 | 29 | **66** | **81** | 47 | 24 | 62 |
| Taylor | 13 | **82** (61) | 17 | **84** (70) | **72** (57) | **83** (79) | 6 | 0 | **75** | **71** (57) | **66** |
| 87 | | | | Highest break | | | | **98** | | | |
| 0 | | | | Century breaks | | | | 0 | | | |
| **12** | | | | 50+ breaks | | | | 10 | | | |
| **Dennis Taylor** wins the 1985 Embassy World Snooker Championship † = Winner of frame | | | | | | | | | | | |

## Qualifying

Five rounds of qualifying were played for the event from 29 March to 5 April at the Preston Guildhall.

**Round 1**

| Player | Score | Player |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Gino Rigitano (CAN)** | **10**–9 | Dessie Sheehan (IRL) |
| **Dene O'Kane (NZL)** | w.o.w/d | Jack McLaughlin (NIR) |
| **Steve Longworth (ENG)** | **10**–1 | James Giannaros (CAN) |
| **Bob Chaperon (CAN)** | **10**–7 | Roger Bales (ENG) |
| **Dennis Hughes (ENG)** | **10**–5 | Doug French (ENG) |
| **Mike Hines (RSA)** | **10**–8 | Tony Chappel (WAL) |
| **Danny Fowler (ENG)** | **10**–0 | John Hargreaves (ENG) |
|

|
|  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | **Round 2**<br>Best of 19 frames | | |  |  | **Round 3**<br>Best of 19 frames | | |  |  | **Round 4**<br>Best of 19 frames | | |  |  | **Round 5**<br>Best of 19 frames | | |
|  | || | | | | | | | |
|  |  | | | | |  | | | | |  | | | | |  | | |
|  | Bob Harris (ENG) | | 4 | | | Billy Kelly (IRL) | | 6 | | | Mick Fisher (ENG) | | 2 | | | **Neal Foulds (ENG)** | | **10** |
|  | |  | | |  | | |  | | |  | |  |  |
|  | **Gino Rigitano (CAN)** | | **10** |  |  | **Gino Rigitano (CAN)** | | **10** |  |  | **Gino Rigitano (CAN)** | | **10** |  |  | Gino Rigitano (CAN) | | 8 |
|  | |  | |  |  | |  | |  |  | || | |
|  | | | | | | |  | | |  | | |  | | |  | | |
|  | | | | | | | Vic Harris (ENG) | | 5 | Frank Jonik (CAN) | | 5 | Les Dodd (ENG) | | 7 | Dave Martin (ENG) | | 8 |
|  | |  | | |  | | |  | | |  | |  |  |
|  | **Dene O'Kane (NZL)** | | **10** |  |  | **Dene O'Kane (NZL)** | | **10** |  |  | **Dene O'Kane (NZL)** | | **10** |  |  | **Dene O'Kane (NZL)** | | **10** |
|  | |  | |  |  | |  | |  |  | || | |
|  | | | | | | |  | | |  | | |  | | |  | | |
|  | | | | | | | Graham Cripsey (ENG) | | 8 | **Jimmy van Rensberg (RSA)** | | **10** | **Marcel Gauvreau (CAN)** | | **10** | **Dean Reynolds (ENG)** | | **10** |
|  | |  | | |  | | |  | | |  | |  |  |
|  | **Steve Longworth (ENG)** | | **10** |  |  | Steve Longworth (ENG) | | 7 |  |  | Jimmy van Rensberg (RSA) | | 9 |  |  | Marcel Gauvreau (CAN) | | 1 |
|  | |  | |  |  | |  | |  |  | || | |
|  | | | | | | |  | | |  | | |  | | |  | | |
|  | | | | | | | Leon Heywood (AUS) | | 1 | Paddy Morgan (AUS) | | 3 | **Fred Davis (ENG)** | | **10** | **Rex Williams (ENG)** | | **10** |
|  | |  | | |  | | |  | | |  | |  |  |
|  | **Bob Chaperon (CAN)** | | **10** |  |  | **Bob Chaperon (CAN)** | | **10** |  |  | Bob Chaperon (CAN) | | 9 |  |  | Fred Davis (ENG) | | 6 |
|  | |  | |  |  | |  | |  |  | || | |
|  | | | | | | |  | | |  | | |  | | |  | | |
|  | | | | | | | **Steve Newbury (WAL)** | | **10** | Pascal Burke (IRL) | | 3 | George Scott (ENG) | | 2 | **Eugene Hughes (IRL)** | | **10** |
|  | |  | | |  | | |  | | |  | |  |  |
|  | Dennis Hughes (ENG) | | 9 |  |  | **Steve Newbury (WAL)** | | **10** |  |  | **Steve Newbury (WAL)** | | **10** |  |  | Steve Newbury (WAL) | | 6 |
|  | |  | |  |  | |  | |  |  | || | |
|  | | | | | | |  | | |  | | |  | | |  | | |
|  | | | | | | | Paul Watchorn (IRL) | | 4 | **Matt Gibson (SCO)** | | **10** | **Patsy Fagan (IRL)** | | **10** | Cliff Wilson (WAL) | | 9 |
|  | |  | | |  | | |  | | |  | |  |  |
|  | **Mike Hines (RSA)** | | **10** |  |  | Mike Hines (RSA) | | 7 |  |  | Matt Gibson (SCO) | | 8 |  |  | **Patsy Fagan (IRL)** | | **10** |
|  | |  | |  |  | |  | |  |  | || | |
|  | | | | | | |  | | |  | | |  | | |  | | |
|  | | | | | | | Gerry Watson (CAN) | | w/d | **Joe Caggianello (CAN)** | | w/d | Jim Donnelly (SCO) | | 0 | **John Parrott (ENG)** | | **10** |
|  | |  | | |  | | |  | | |  | |  |  |
|  | **Danny Fowler (ENG)** | | w.o. |  |  | **Danny Fowler (ENG)** | | w.o. |  |  | **Danny Fowler (ENG)** | | **10** |  |  | Danny Fowler (ENG) | | 2 |
|  | |  | |  |  | |  | |  |  | || | |
|  | | | | | | |  | | |  | | |  | | |  | | |
|  | | | | | | | **Robby Foldvari (AUS)** | | w.o. | Bill Oliver (ENG) | | 3 | **Ray Edmonds (ENG)** | | **10** | Mark Wildman (ENG) | | 7 |
|  | |  | | |  | | |  | | |  | |  |  |
|  | Paul Thornley (CAN) | | w/d |  |  | **Robby Foldvari (AUS)** | | **10** |  |  | Robby Foldvari (AUS) | | 3 |  |  | **Ray Edmonds (ENG)** | | **10** |
|  | |  | |  |  | |  | |  |  | || | |
|  | | | | | | |  | | |  | | |  | | |  | | |
|  | | | | | | | **Dave Chalmers (ENG)** | | **10** | Eddie McLauglin (SCO) | | 9 | Ian Black (SCO) | | 4 | **Mike Hallett (ENG)** | | **10** |
|  | |  | | |  | | |  | | |  | |  |  |
|  | David Greaves (ENG) | | 3 |  |  | **Dave Chalmers (ENG)** | | **10** |  |  | **Dave Chalmers (ENG)** | | **10** |  |  | Dave Chalmers (ENG) | | 1 |
|  | |  | |  |  | |  | |  |  | || | |
|  | | | | | | |  | | |  | | |  | | |  | | |
|  | | | | | | | **Geoff Foulds (ENG)** | | **10** | Clive Everton (WAL) | | 2 | Colin Roscoe (WAL) | | 7 | **Joe Johnson (ENG)** | | **10** |
|  | |  | | |  | | |  | | |  | |  |  |
|  | Maurice Parkin (ENG) | | 6 |  |  | **Geoff Foulds (ENG)** | | **10** |  |  | **Geoff Foulds (ENG)** | | **10** |  |  | Geoff Foulds (ENG) | | 6 |
|  | |  | |  |  | |  | |  |  | || | |
|  | | | | | | |  | | |  | | |  | | |  | | |
|  | | | | | | | **Paul Medati (ENG)** | | **10** | Ian Williamson (ENG) | | 8 | Warren King (AUS) | | 9 | **Silvino Francisco (RSA)** | | **10** |
|  | |  | | |  | | |  | | |  | |  |  |
|  | Bernard Bennett (ENG) | | 4 |  |  | **Paul Medati (ENG)** | | **10** |  |  | **Paul Medati (ENG)** | | **10** |  |  | Paul Medati (ENG) | | 7 |
|  | |  | |  |  | |  | |  |  | || | |
|  | | | | | | |  | | |  | | |  | | |  | | |
|  | | | | | | | **Ian Anderson (AUS)** | | **10** | **Paddy Browne (IRL)** | | **10** | **Mario Morra (CAN)** | | **10** | **John Campbell (AUS)** | | **10** |
|  | |  | | |  | | |  | | |  | |  |  |
|  | Tony Kearney (IRL) | | 8 |  |  | Ian Anderson (AUS) | | 5 |  |  | Paddy Browne (IRL) | | 6 |  |  | Mario Morra (CAN) | | 9 |
|  | |  | |  |  | |  | |  |  | || | |
|  | | | | | | |  | | |  | | |  | | |  | | |
|  | | | | | | | **Wayne Jones (WAL)** | | **10** | John Dunning (ENG) | | 6 | Mike Watterson (ENG) | | 5 | Graham Miles (ENG) | | 8 |
|  | |  | | |  | | |  | | |  | |  |  |
|  | John Rea (SCO) | | 3 |  |  | **Wayne Jones (WAL)** | | **10** |  |  | **Wayne Jones (WAL)** | | **10** |  |  | Wayne Jones (WAL) | | **10** |
|  | |  | |  |  | |  | |  |  | || | |
|  | | | | | | |  | | |  | | |  | | |  | | |
|  | | | | | | | **Malcolm Bradley (ENG)** | | **10** | Bernie Mikkelsen (CAN) | | 9 | **Jim Wych (CAN)** | | **10** | **John Virgo (ENG)** | | **10** |
|  | |  | | |  | | |  | | |  | |  |  |
|  | **Derek Mienie (RSA)** | | 4 |  |  | **Malcolm Bradley (ENG)** | | **10** |  |  | Malcolm Bradley (ENG) | | 7 |  |  | Jim Wych (CAN) | | 4 |
|  | |  | |  |  | |  | |  |  | || | |
|  | | | | | | |  | | |  | | |  | | |  | | |
|  | | | | | | | **Peter Francisco (RSA)** | | **10** | Tommy Murphy (CAN) | | 4 | Jim Meadowcroft (ENG) | | 5 | Murdo MacLeod (SCO) | | **10** |
|  | |  | | |  | | |  | | |  | |  |  |
|  | Bert Demarco (SCO) | | 4 |  |  | **Peter Francisco (RSA)** | | **10** |  |  | **Peter Francisco (RSA)** | | **10** |  |  | Peter Francisco (RSA) | | 7 |
|  | |  | |  |  | |  | |  |  | || | |
|  | | | | | | |  | | |  | | |  | | |  | | |
|  | | | | | | | **Tony Jones (ENG)** | | **10** | Steve Duggan (ENG) | | 8 | Jack Fitzmaurice (ENG) | | 4 | Eddie Sinclair (SCO) | | 2 |
|  | |  | | |  | | |  | | |  | |  |  |
|  | Mike Darrington (ENG) | | 2 |  |  | **Tony Jones (ENG)** | | **10** |  |  | **Tony Jones (ENG)** | | **10** |  |  | **Tony Jones (ENG)** | | **10** |
|  | |  | |  |  | |  | |  |  | || | |

## Legacy

On his return to Northern Ireland, Taylor received a victory parade in a Land Rover across his home town of Coalisland in front of 10,000 people. He was loaned mayoral robes on the day of the parade, and was accompanied by his wife and three children. He later signed a five-year contract with promoter Barry Hearn as his manager. Media covering the tournament called Steve Davis a "bad loser" for his silence and one-word responses to questions from David Vine at a press conference after the event. The press conference was later used as the basis for a *Spitting Image* skit on Davis. Taylor's victory is the most-viewed sporting event in the United Kingdom to date, and remains the most-viewed BBC2 program of all time.

The tournament final was recreated and redistributed by the BBC in various forms. Four months later, in August 1985, BBC Video released a highlights video of the 1985 final which was one of the biggest selling videos of 1985. At the 2010 World Snooker Championship, to celebrate the 25th anniversary, Taylor and Davis replayed the final frame with commentary by John Virgo. The frame was played as an exhibition, with both players attempting to re-create the shots on the final black ball. The 1985 championship was examined in the BBC documentary, *When Snooker Ruled the World*, with particular emphasis on the final. Another one-hour BBC documentary on the final, *Davis v Taylor: The '85 Black Ball Final*, which featured interviews with Taylor's friends and family in Northern Ireland, was presented by Colin Murray.

During the 2015 World Snooker Championship, Davis presented *Celebrity Black Ball Final* on the BBC in which celebrities played the final two shots of the match; guests included Rebecca Adlington, Joey Essex, Russell Watson, Richard Osman and Josh Widdicombe. A 2017 BBC poll found the final to be the Crucible's "most memorable" moment, with the match receiving more than half the votes. Ronnie O'Sullivan's 1997 maximum break finished second. Davis also lost the following year's final, this time to Joe Johnson, but won another three world titles, in 1987, 1988 and 1989. Taylor never reached the final again, falling to the "Crucible curse" at the 1986 championship with a first-round loss to Mike Hallett.

## Century breaks

There were 14 century breaks in the championship. Bill Werbeniuk's 143 against Joe Johnson in the first round was the joint third-highest break in the championship's history, tied with Willie Thorne's in 1982. Only Cliff Thorburn's maximum break in 1983 and Doug Mountjoy's 145 in 1981 were higher. Tony Knowles missed the black on a break of 137 that would have scored a 144 in his quarter-final with Jimmy White.

### Qualifying stages

There were ten century breaks in the qualifying stages; the highest was made by Danny Fowler in his 10–0 whitewash of Jim Donnelly in the fourth round of qualifying.

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## InfoBox

1985 Embassy World Snooker Championship
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| The programme for the event featuring defending champion Steve Davis | |
| Tournament information | |
| Dates | 12–28 April 1985 (1985-04-12 1985-04-28) |
| Venue | Crucible Theatre |
| City | Sheffield |
| Country | England |
| Organisation | WPBSA |
| Format | Ranking event |
| Total prize fund | 250,000 |
| Winner's share | £60,000 |
| Highest break | Bill Werbeniuk (CAN) (143) |
| Final | |
| Champion | Dennis Taylor (NIR) |
| Runner-up | Steve Davis (ENG) |
| Score | 18–17 |
| 1984 1986 | |


title: WZOO (AM)

abstract: WZOO is an oldies, classic hits, and classic top 40 formatted broadcast radio station licensed to Asheboro, North Carolina, serving the Piedmont Triad. WZOO is owned and operated by RCR of Randolph County, Ltd. WZOO is not connected in any way with WZOO-FM, an FM radio station in Edgewood, Ohio sharing the same callsign.

text:
# WZOO (AM)

**WZOO** (700 kHz) is an oldies, classic hits, and classic top 40 formatted broadcast radio station licensed to Asheboro, North Carolina, serving the Piedmont Triad. WZOO is owned and operated by RCR of Randolph County, Ltd.

WZOO is not connected in any way with WZOO-FM, an FM radio station in Edgewood, Ohio sharing the same callsign.

## Translators

In addition to the main station, WZOO is relayed by two FM translators to widen its broadcast area.

Broadcast translators for WZOO
| Call sign | Frequency | City of license | FID | ERP () | HAAT | Class | FCC info |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| W260CG | 99.9 FM | Asheboro, North Carolina | 153753 | 250 | 104  (341 ft) | D | LMS |
| W291DM | 106.1 FM | Greensboro, North Carolina | 202428 | 250 | 161 m (528 ft) | D | LMS |

## InfoBox

WZOO
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Broadcast area | Piedmont Triad |
| Frequency | 700 kHz |
| Branding | *99.9 FM The Zoo* |
| Programming | |
| Format | Oldies
Classic hits
Classic Top 40 |
| Affiliations | ABC Radio News
AccuWeather |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | RCR of Randolph County, Ltd. |
| History | |
| First air date | May 3, 1971 (on 710) |
| Former call signs | DWZOO (2004–2007) |
| Former frequencies | 710 kHz (1971–2014) |
| Call sign meaning | city of license is home of the North Carolina Zoo |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 20558 |
| Class | B |
| Power | 1,000 watts day and critical hours
 |
| Transmitter coordinates | 35°45′50.0″N 79°50′4.0″W / 35.763889°N 79.834444°W / 35.763889; -79.834444 |
| Translator(s) | 99.9 W260CG (Asheboro)
106.1 W291DM (Greensboro) |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Webcast | WZOO Webstream |
| Website | WZOO Online |


title: Przezmark-Osiedle

abstract: Przezmark-Osiedle is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Elbląg, within Elbląg County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) north-east of Elbląg and 75 km (47 mi) north-west of the regional capital Olsztyn.

text:
# Przezmark-Osiedle

**Przezmark-Osiedle** \[ˈpʂɛzmark ɔˈɕɛdlɛ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Elbląg, within Elbląg County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) north-east of Elbląg and 75 km (47 mi) north-west of the regional capital Olsztyn.

## InfoBox

| Przezmark-Osiedle | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Przezmark-Osiedle | |
| Coordinates: 54°8′7″N 19°31′53″E / 54.13528°N 19.53139°E / 54.13528; 19.53139 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Warmian-Masurian |
| County | Elbląg |
| Gmina | Elbląg |
| Population | 281 |


title: Tropidion pictipenne

abstract: Tropidion pictipenne is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Martins in 1960.

text:
# Tropidion pictipenne

***Tropidion pictipenne*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Martins in 1960.

## InfoBox

| *Tropidion pictipenne* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | *Tropidion* |
| Species: | ***T. pictipenne*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Tropidion pictipenne***<br>(Martins, 1960) | |
|


abstract: Prince of Darkness is the fourth album by rapper Big Daddy Kane, released in 1991 on Cold Chillin' Records. The album features guest appearances from Q-Tip and Busta Rhymes, and features the singles "Groove with It", "Raw ’91" and "The Lover in You".

text:
# Prince of Darkness (Big Daddy Kane album)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *The Encyclopedia of Popular Music* |  |
| *Entertainment Weekly* | C+ |
| *The Rolling Stone Album Guide* |  |
| *The Source* |  |

***Prince of Darkness*** is the fourth album by rapper Big Daddy Kane, released in 1991 on Cold Chillin' Records. The album features guest appearances from Q-Tip and Busta Rhymes, and features the singles "Groove with It", "Raw ’91" and "The Lover in You".

## Critical reception

*The Rolling Stone Album Guide* wrote that "Kane changes his style with *Prince of Darkness*, on some tracks augmenting his usually measured delivery with bursts of tongue-tripping wordplay."

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Prince of Darkness" | 4:26 |
| 2. | "The Lover in You" (featuring Laree Williams) | 4:20 |
| 3. | "Git Bizzy" | 3:33 |
| 4. | "Ooh, Aah, Nah-Nah-Nah" | 3:48 |
| 5. | "Brother, Brother" (featuring Lil Daddy Shane) | 4:12 |
| 6. | "Groove with It" (featuring Laree Williams) | 5:04 |
| 7. | "I'm Not Ashamed" (featuring Alyson Williams) | 6:26 |
| 8. | "Troubled Man" | 4:04 |
| 9. | "T.L.C." | 4:41 |
| 10. | "Float" | 3:44 |
| 11. | "Come On Down" (featuring Q-Tip and Busta Rhymes) | 3:54 |
| 12. | "Death Sentence" | 2:19 |
| 13. | "Get Down" | 4:39 |
| 14. | "Raw '91" | 4:30 |
| 15. | "DJ's Get No Credit" (featuring Mister Cee) | 1:56 |

## Album singles

| Single information |
| --- |
| "Groove with It" * Released: October 17, 1991 * B-Side: "N/A" |
| "The Lover in You" * Released: February 20, 1992 * B-Side: "Git Bizzy" and "Get Down" |

## Samples

## Charts

### Singles

| Year | Song | Hot R&B Singles | Hot Rap Singles |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1992 | "Groove with It" | 24 | 2 |
| | "The Lover in You" | 26 | 28 |

## InfoBox

| Prince of Darkness | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Big Daddy Kane | |
| Released | October 29, 1991 |
| Recorded | 1991 |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 61:31 |
| Label |  |
| Producer |  |
| Big Daddy Kane chronology | |
| *Taste of Chocolate*
(1990) ***Prince of Darkness***
(1991) *Looks Like a Job For…*
(1993) | |


title: Przezchlebie

abstract: Przezchlebie is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zbrosławice, within Tarnowskie Góry County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) south-west of Zbrosławice, 16 km (10 mi) south-west of Tarnowskie Góry, and 26 km (16 mi) north-west of the regional capital Katowice.

text:
# Przezchlebie

**Przezchlebie** \[pʂɛsˈxlɛbjɛ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zbrosławice, within Tarnowskie Góry County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) south-west of Zbrosławice, 16 km (10 mi) south-west of Tarnowskie Góry, and 26 km (16 mi) north-west of the regional capital Katowice.

## InfoBox

| Przezchlebie | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
|  | |
| Przezchlebie | |
| Coordinates: 50°22′N 18°41′E / 50.367°N 18.683°E / 50.367; 18.683 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Silesian |
| County | Tarnowskie Góry |
| Gmina | Zbrosławice |
| Population | 843 |


title: True Blue (novel)

abstract: True Blue is a crime novel written by David Baldacci. The book was initially published on October 27, 2009, by Grand Central Publishing. The novel focuses on Mason "Mace" Perry who once was a cop with the D.C. police, but was kidnapped and framed for a crime she did not commit. Now she is released from prison and tries to be a cop once again.

text:
# True Blue (novel)

***True Blue*** is a crime novel written by David Baldacci. The book was initially published on October 27, 2009, by Grand Central Publishing. The novel focuses on Mason "Mace" Perry who once was a cop with the D.C. police, but was kidnapped and framed for a crime she did not commit. Now she is released from prison and tries to be a cop once again.

## InfoBox

True Blue
| Hardcover edition | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | David Baldacci |
| Language | English |
| Genre | Crime novel |
| Publisher | Grand Central Publishing |
| Publication date | October 27, 2009 |
| Publication place | United States |
| Media type | Print, e-book, audiobook |
| Pages | 464 pp. (hardback) |
| ISBN | 0446195510 |


title: Prince of Darkness (Satan)

abstract: The Prince of Darkness is a term used in John Milton's poem Paradise Lost referring to Satan as the embodiment of evil. It is an English translation of the Latin phrase princeps tenebrarum, which occurs in the Acts of Pilate, written in the 4th century, in the Historia Francorum by Gregory of Tours, in the 11th-century hymn Rhythmus de die mortis by Pietro Damiani, and in a sermon by Bernard of Clairvaux from the 12th century.

text:
# Prince of Darkness (Satan)

***The Prince of Darkness*** is a term used in John Milton's poem *Paradise Lost* referring to Satan as the embodiment of evil. It is an English translation of the Latin phrase *princeps tenebrarum*, which occurs in the *Acts of Pilate*, written in the 4th century, in the *Historia Francorum* by Gregory of Tours (6th century), in the 11th-century hymn *Rhythmus de die mortis* by Pietro Damiani, and in a sermon by Bernard of Clairvaux from the 12th century.

## Notes and references


title: Lucas Bryant

abstract: Lucas Bryant is a Canadian-American actor. Bryant is most well known for his role as Nathan Wuornos in the Syfy TV channel series Haven (2010–2015).

text:
# Lucas Bryant

**Lucas Bryant** (born September 28, 1978) is a Canadian-American actor. Bryant is most well known for his role as Nathan Wuornos in the Syfy TV channel series *Haven* (2010–2015).

## Early life

Bryant was born in Elmira, Ontario, Canada to Susan Hodges Bryant and M. Darrol Bryant; he has dual Canadian and U.S. citizenship. His father's from North Dakota and of "Scandinavian/Finnish heritage". His mother was also born and raised in the United States. Bryant graduated from Elmira District Secondary School and studied acting at Sheridan College in Oakville, Ontario.

## Acting career

He was the star of the short-lived UPN television series *Sex, Love & Secrets*. For television, Bryant has appeared in the movie *More Sex and the Single Mom*, as well as guest starred in the series *Queer as Folk*, *Odyssey 5* and *Playmakers*. He has also starred in Canadian television projects, including *Crazy Canucks*, *An American in Canada* and *The Eleventh Hour*. Bryant has appeared on stage all over Canada in many productions, including *The Crucible* and *The King and I*. Bryant appeared as Gabe McCall on the CBC drama *MVP: The Secret Lives of Hockey Wives*.

In 2006, Bryant starred as Calvin Puddie in the TV movie *Playing House* based on the book by Patricia Pearson. He also starred as Brad in the short musical *I Hate Musicals*. Bryant had supporting roles in the movies *A Very Merry Daughter of the Brid**e* and *The Vow*. In 2010, he and *Haven* co-star Emily Rose previously starred together in the 2010 "made-for-TV" suspense-thriller *Perfect Plan*.

In 2010, Bryant landed a lead role as Nathan in *Haven*, a TV series based on Stephen King's novel "The Colorado Kid". In "Haven," Bryant plays 'Nathan Wuornos,' the wry, hardened local cop who somewhat reluctantly becomes the partner of new-to-town FBI agent 'Audrey Parker,' played by Emily Rose. BuddyTV ranked him #72 on its list of "TV's Sexiest Men of 2011".

In late 2012, Bryant starred in the Lifetime original movie *Merry In-Laws*. Bryant played Peter, a teacher who becomes engaged to an astronomer. When she meets his parents she learns that they are really Mr. and Mrs. Santa Claus. The film co-stars former *Cheers* stars George Wendt and Shelley Long as Mr. and Mrs. Claus. The film is directed by Leslie Hope who previously directed Bryant in *A Very Merry Daughter of the Bride*. In 2013, he guest-starred in shows *CSI: Crime Scene Investigation*, *Cracked* and *Beauty & the Beast*.

In 2015, Bryant played the role of Count Johan Oxenstierna in the historical drama *The Girl King*. In 2016, he and his Haven co-star Emily Rose had supporting role in the movie *Secret Summer*, which priemered on PixL. In summer 2016, he starred as Tom Novak in the Hallmark Original Movie *Tulips in Spring* co-starring Fiona Gubelmann. He also starred as Colin Fitzgerlad in another Hallmark movie *Summer Love* co-starring Rachael Leigh Cook. In fall, he starred in the highly anticipated CBC series from Jennifer Holness and Sudz Sutherland, *Shoot the Messenger*.

## Personal life

Bryant is married to Australian-born actress and personal trainer Kirsty Hinchcliffe. They have a daughter born in August 2008 and, as of July 2010, live in Santa Monica, California. They also have a son, born in 2015.

## Filmography

### Film

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2006 | *Sunday Morning* | Karey Brant |  |
| 2007 | *Hate Musicals* | Brad | Short film |
| 2012 | *The Vow* | Kyle | Supporting role |
| 2015 | *The Girl King* | Count Johan Oxenstierna |  |
| 2018 | *Walk to Vegas* | Chucky |  |

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2002 | *Queer as Folk* | Student | 1 episode: "...Wherever That Dream May Lead You" |
| 2003 | *Playmakers* |  | 1 episode: "Man in Motion" |
| 2003 | *An American in Canada* |  |  |
| 2004 | *Crazy Canucks* | Ken Read | Television film |
| 2004 | *The Eleventh Hour* |  | 1 episode: "Stormy Petrel" |
| 2004 | *Odyssey 5* | Young Chuck Taggert | 1 episode: "Begotten" |
| 2005 | *More Sex & the Single Mom* | Gabe Emerson | Television film (Lifetime) |
| 2005 | *Queer as Folk* | Tucker | 2 episodes: "Anything in Common" and "I Love You" |
| 2005 | *Sex, Love & Secrets* | Milo Vanderbeer | Main role (7 episodes) |
| 2006 | *Playing House* | Calvin Puddie | Television film (CTV) |
| 2008 | *MVP* | Gabe McCall | Series regular |
| 2008 | *Faux Baby* | Harry | Web series; series regular (5 episodes) |
| 2008 | *A Very Merry Daughter of the Bride* | Dylan | Television film (Lifetime) |
| 2009 | *Dollhouse* | Travis Leeds | 1 episode: "Echo"; deleted scene, uncredited |
| 2010–2015 | *Haven* | Nathan Wuornos | Main role |
| 2011 | *Perfect Plan* | Sean / Keenan Blake | Television film |
| 2012 | *Merry In-Laws* | Peter | Television film (Lifetime) |
| 2013 | *CSI: Crime Scene Investigation* | Shaun McHenry | 1 episode: "Dead of the Class" |
| 2013 | *Cracked* | Jesse Powell | 1 episode: "Old Soldiers" |
| 2013 | *Beauty & the Beast* | Paul Davis | 2 episodes: "Heart of Darkness" and "Playing with Fire" |
| 2016 | *Shoot the Messenger* | Simon Olenski |  |
| 2016 | *Secret Summer* | Daniel | Hallmark Channel |
| 2016 | *Tulips in Spring* | Tom Novak | Television film (Hallmark) |
| 2016 | *Summer Love* | Colin Fitzgerald | Television film (Hallmark) |
| 2018 | *Frankie Drake Mysteries* | Phillip Anderson | 1 episode |
| 2019 | *Time for You to Come Home for Christmas* | Jack | Television Film (Hallmark) |
| 2019 | *Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.* | Keller | 3 episodes |
| 2020 | *Country At Heart* | Duke | Television Film (Hallmark) |
| 2020 | *The Angel Tree* | Matthew Anderson | Television Film (Hallmark) |
| 2022 | *Five More Minutes: Moments Like These* | Matthew Jamison | Television Film (Hallmark) |
| 2023 | *A World Record Christmas* | Eric Parsons | Television Film (Hallmark) |
| 2024 | *The Real West* | Jake West | Television Film (Hallmark) |
| 2024 | *Murder in a small town* | Roger Galbraith | Television series |

## InfoBox

| Lucas Bryant | |
| --- | --- |
| Bryant at MIPCOM in Cannes, France, October 4, 2010 | |
| Born | (1978-09-28) September 28, 1978<br>Elmira, Ontario, Canada |
| Occupation | Actor |
| Years active | 2002–present |
| Known for | Nathan Wuornos in Haven |
| Spouse | Kirsty Hinchcliffe |
| Children | 2 (1 daughter, 1 son) |


title: Przezdrowice

abstract: Przezdrowice is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sobótka, within Wrocław County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It lies approximately 34.2 kilometres (21.3 mi) south-west of the regional capital Wrocław.

text:
# Przezdrowice

**Przezdrowice** \[pʂɛzdrɔˈvit͡sɛ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sobótka, within Wrocław County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.

It lies approximately 34.2 kilometres (21.3 mi) south-west of the regional capital Wrocław.

## InfoBox

| Przezdrowice | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Przezdrowice | |
| Coordinates: 50°53′N 16°47′E / 50.883°N 16.783°E / 50.883; 16.783 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Lower Silesian |
| County | Wrocław |
| Gmina | Sobótka |


title: Luigi Carnera

abstract: Luigi Carnera was an Italian astronomer and mathematician. He discovered 16 minor planets in the early 20th century. The main-belt asteroid 39653 Carnera was named in his honour. In his early career he worked as Max Wolf's assistant at Heidelberg, Germany he discovered a number of asteroids. He worked in Germany, Italy and Argentina before returning to Italy for good in 1908. He was director of Trieste Observatory starting in 1919; Trieste had just been annexed to Italy following World War I. He then became director of Capodimonte Observatory in Naples starting in 1932 and until his retirement in 1950. In 1943 during World War II, the observatory was temporarily occupied by American and British troops in order to install a radar station.

text:
# Luigi Carnera

Minor planets discovered: 16
| 466 Tisiphone | 17 January 1901 | list\[A\] |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 469 Argentina | 20 February 1901 | list |
| 470 Kilia | 21 April 1901 | list |
| 472 Roma | 11 July 1901 | list |
| 476 Hedwig | 17 August 1901 | list |
| 477 Italia | 23 August 1901 | list |
| 478 Tergeste | 21 September 1901 | list |
| 479 Caprera | 12 November 1901 | list |
| 480 Hansa | 21 May 1901 | list\[A\] |
| 481 Emita | 12 February 1902 | list |
| 485 Genua | 7 May 1902 | list |
| 486 Cremona | 11 May 1902 | list |
| 487 Venetia | 9 July 1902 | list |
| 488 Kreusa | 26 June 1902 | list\[A\] |
| 489 Comacina | 2 September 1902 | list |
| 808 Merxia | 11 October 1901 | list |
| A  co-discovered with Max Wolf | | |

**Luigi Carnera** (born in Trieste April 14, 1875, died in Florence, July 30, 1962) was an Italian astronomer and mathematician. He discovered 16 minor planets in the early 20th century. The main-belt asteroid 39653 Carnera was named in his honour.

In his early career he worked as Max Wolf's assistant at Heidelberg, Germany he discovered a number of asteroids. He worked in Germany, Italy and Argentina before returning to Italy for good in 1908.

He was director of Trieste Observatory starting in 1919; Trieste had just been annexed to Italy following World War I. He then became director of Capodimonte Observatory in Naples starting in 1932 and until his retirement in 1950. In 1943 during World War II, the observatory was temporarily occupied by American and British troops in order to install a radar station.

* "Luigi Carnera". *Stardust: the cultural heritage of Italian astronomy* (in Italian).

## InfoBox

| Luigi Carnera | |
| --- | --- |
| Luigi Carnera | |
| Born | (1875-04-14)14 April 1875
Trieste, Italy |
| Died | 30 June 1962(1962-06-30) (aged 87)
Florence, Italy |
| Nationality | Italian |
| Known for | Discovery of asteroids |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Astronomy, Mathematics |
| Institutions | Trieste Observatory, Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte |
|  | |


title: Pseudathyma neptidina

abstract: Pseudathyma neptidina, the streaked false sergeant, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Guinea, Sierra Leone, Cameroon, the Republic of the Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Uganda. Its habitat consists of forests. The larvae feed on Chrysophyllum oblanceolatum.

text:
# Pseudathyma neptidina

***Pseudathyma neptidina***, the **streaked false sergeant**, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Guinea, Sierra Leone, Cameroon, the Republic of the Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Uganda. Its habitat consists of forests.

The larvae feed on *Chrysophyllum oblanceolatum*.

## InfoBox

| *Pseudathyma neptidina* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Pseudathyma neptidina* in *Rhopalocera Aethiopica* Aurivillius, 1899 | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Nymphalidae |
| Genus: | *Pseudathyma* |
| Species: | ***P. neptidina*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pseudathyma neptidina***<br>Karsch, 1894 | |
|


title: Protosteliopsis fimicola

abstract: Protosteliopsis fimicola is an amoeba that forms a fruiting body that consists of a single spore with a non-cellular stalk. This species was thought to be closely related to the species P. mycophya, but it was found that it has a significant difference from this species because of having an irregular stalk and non-deciduous spores. Later it was found that Protosteliopsis is a part of group 6 in the genus Vannella based on 18s rRNA molecular phylogenetics.

text:
# Protosteliopsis fimicola

***Protosteliopsis fimicola*** is an amoeba that forms a fruiting body that consists of a single spore with a non-cellular stalk. This species was thought to be closely related to the species *P. mycophya*, but it was found that it has a significant difference from this species because of having an irregular stalk and non-deciduous spores. Later it was found that *Protosteliopsis* is a part of group 6 in the genus *Vannella* based on 18s rRNA molecular phylogenetics.

## Taxonomy

*Vannella fimicola* is a part of the class Discosea in the group Amoebozoa. In 2009 when J. Shadwick came to the conclusion that *Protosteliopsis* are considered *Vannella* instead which is a sister species to *Vannella placida*. *Vanella fimicola* is within the genus *Vanella* in group 6 through molecular phylogenetics of 18s rRNA gene.

## Ecology

Can be found in warm climates such as Arizona, Hawaii, etc. This species can be found in cow dung, decaying fruits, and soil. It feeds on bacteria, conidial fungi, and in some cases yeast in laboratories.

## Morphology

*Vannella fimicola* are fan-shaped and round ended. Cam not foorm pseudopodia or sub pseudopodia. The organism has a wide anterior and hyaloplasm is up half of the cell and the posterior granuloplasm raised over their substratum. This species is known for their fruiting body morphologies. This species has a broader base and a long wide stalk which appears to be jelly like or waterlogged. It also contains a single non deciduous, uninucleate spore.

## Behavior

*Vanella fimicola* are uninucleate amoeba that develop fruting bodies called a sporocarp from a singular deciduous spore. The life cycle of this organism starts off as a trophic cell and becomes one or more prespore cell. It then rises to the top of the stalk during the culminating sporogen stage.

## Taxonomic history

*Protostelium mycophaga* was the first amoeba of protostelids to be described and established as the genus *Protostelium*. At first *Protostelium*included all organisms that were uninucleate amoeba that make fruiting bodies which later added 7 more species to this genus. But because of characteristics such as fruiting body development, amoeba morphology, and gene sequences, some species have been removed from the genus. *Protostelium fimicola* was moved to the genus and was renamed *Vanella fimicola*.

## InfoBox

| *Protosteliopsis fimicola* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Phylum: | Amoebozoa |
| Class: | Protosteliomycetes |
| Order: | Protosteliales |
| Family: | Protosteliaceae |
| Genus: | *Protosteliopsis* |
| Species: | ***P. fimicola*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Protosteliopsis fimicola***<br>(L.S. Olive) L.S. Olive & Stoian. | |
|


title: Pseudochoragus nitens

abstract: Pseudochoragus nitens is a species of fungus weevil in the beetle family Anthribidae. It is found in North America.

text:
# Pseudochoragus nitens

***Pseudochoragus nitens*** is a species of fungus weevil in the beetle family Anthribidae. It is found in North America.

## Further reading

* Lobl, I.; Smetana, A., eds. (2013). *Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, Volume 7: Curculionoidea I*. Apollo Books. ISBN 978-90-04-26093-1.
* Lobl, I.; Smetana, A., eds. (2013). *Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, Volume 8: Curculionoidea II*. Apollo Books. ISBN 978-90-04-25916-4.

## InfoBox

| *Pseudochoragus nitens* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Anthribidae |
| Genus: | *Pseudochoragus* |
| Species: | ***P. nitens*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pseudochoragus nitens***<br>(LeConte, 1884) | |
|


title: Pseudephemerum

abstract: Pseudephemerum is a genus of mosses belonging to the family Dicranaceae.

text:
# Pseudephemerum

***Pseudephemerum*** is a genus of mosses belonging to the family Dicranaceae.

## Taxonomy

### Species

## InfoBox

| *Pseudephemerum* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Pseudephemerum nitidum* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Division: | Bryophyta |
| Class: | Bryopsida |
| Subclass: | Dicranidae |
| Order: | Dicranales |
| Family: | Dicranaceae |
| Genus: | *Pseudephemerum*<br>(Lindb.) I.Hagen |
|


title: Prix Omnium II

abstract: The Prix Omnium II is a Listed flat horse race in France open to three-year-old thoroughbred colts and geldings. It is run over a distance of 1,600 metres at Saint-Cloud in late March or early April.

text:
# Prix Omnium II

Prix Omnium II
| 2023 | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |
| American Flag | Kendly | Birr Castle |

| Previous years | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2022 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Dreamflight | Valmer Magic | My Fancy |
| 2021 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Galik | Easter | Perseverants |

| 2020-2011 | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2019 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Shaman | Sagauteur | Go To Hollywood |
| 2018 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Francesco Bere | Intellogent | Nosdargent |
| 2017 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Markazi | Yuman | Mitchouka |
| 2016 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Dicton | Barwod | Helene Charisma |
| 2015 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Green Sweet | Jolly Good Kitten | Grand Argentier |
| 2014 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Skyrockets | Army Bulletin | Secret Admirer |
| 2013 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Wire To Wire | Le Ring | Princedargent |
| 2012 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Coup De Theatre | Lucayan | Navel Orange |
| 2011 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Barocci | Private Jet | Two For Two |

| 2010-2001 | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2010 | | |
|  |  |  |
| No Risk At All | Tip Toe | Behkabad |
| 2009 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Silver Frost | Milanais | Calvados Blues |
| 2008 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Gris Tendre | Arcadia's Angle | Bon Grain |
| 2007 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Hurricane Fly | Literato | Spirit One |
| 2006 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Porto Santo | Rhenus | Salsalava |
| 2005 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Helios Quercus | Salut Thomas | Laverock |
| 2004 | | |
|  |  |  |
| American Post | Joursanvault | Blackdoun |
| 2003 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Sign Of The Wolf | Krataios | Snipewalk |
| 2002 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Medecis | Loup Masque | Anaken |
| 2001 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Aghnoyoh | Greengroom | Pares |

| 2000-1991 | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2000 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Cheers Hong Kong | Miraculous | Contexte |
| 1999 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Iridanos | Speed Jaro | Le Roi Chic |
| 1998 | | |
|  |  |  |
| River Ball | Enjoleur | Texas Tornado |
| 1997 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Vernoy | Keep Playing | Rubruck |
| 1996 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Go Between | Malouet | Grand Vizir |
| 1995 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Petit Poucet | Secret And Fair | Sharpest Image |
| 1994 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Scandinavian | Blue King | Filao Beach |
| 1993 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Bigstone | Le Balafre | Seaton Delaval |
| 1992 | | |
|  |  |  |
| Arazi | Supermec | River Majesty |
|  | | |

The **Prix Omnium II** is a Listed flat horse race in France open to three-year-old thoroughbred colts and geldings. It is run over a distance of 1,600 metres (about 1 mile) at Saint-Cloud in late March or early April.

## History

The event was originally called the Prix de Saint-Cloud. The first running was staged during the venue's inaugural fixture in 1901. It replaced the Prix de Vincennes, a similar race at Vincennes. It was initially contested over 2,100 metres.

The Prix de Saint-Cloud was cut to 2,000 metres in 1904. It was shortened to 1,600 metres after World War I. It continued with its original title until 1927.

The race was renamed in honour of Omnium II, a successful racehorse and sire, in 1928. It was run over 2,100 metres in 1929. From this point it was held on the same day as the Prix La Camargo, the equivalent race for fillies. It reverted to 1,600 metres in 1930.

The Prix Omnium II was held at Longchamp in 1940. It took place at Auteuil from 1941 to 1944.

The event can serve as a trial for the Poule d'Essai des Poulains. The last horse to win both races was Silver Frost in 2009.

## Records

**Leading jockey since 1979 (6 wins):**

* Christophe Soumillon*Silver Frost (2009), Barocci (2011), Wire to Wire (2013), Salai (2014), Markazi (2017), American Flag (2023)*

---

**Leading trainer since 1979 (5 wins):**

* Jean-Claude Rouget*Gris Tendre (2008), Wire to Wire (2013), Salai (2014), Green Sweet (2015), Markazi (2017)*

---

**Leading owner since 1979 (3 wins):** *(includes part ownership)*

## Winners since 1979

| Year | Winner | Jockey | Trainer | Owner | Time |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1979 | Sharpman | Philippe Paquet | François Boutin | Sir Charles Clore |  |
| 1980 | Confetti | Henri Samani | Patrick Biancone | Mrs Patrick Goureau |  |
| 1981 | Big John | Georges Doleuze | E. Chevalier du Fau | John Michael |  |
| 1982 | Alfred's Choice | Michel-Lionel Dureuil | Edouard Bartholomew | Countess de Baillet-Latour |  |
| 1983 | Castle Guard | Maurice Philipperon | John Fellows | Peter Richards |  |
| 1984 | Green Paradise | Alfred Gibert | André Fabre | Mahmoud Fustok |  |
| 1985 | Shayzari | Yves Saint-Martin | Alain de Royer-Dupré | Aga Khan IV |  |
| 1986 | Kadrou | Alfred Gibert | Jean Laumain | Henri Rabatel |  |
| 1987 | Groom Dancer | Dominique Boeuf | Tony Clout | Marvin Warner |  |
| 1988 | Triteamtri | Dominique Boeuf | Alain Falourd | Marvin Warner |  |
| 1989 | Lioubovnik | Eric Saint-Martin | François Boutin | Mrs François Boutin |  |
| 1990 | Slew the Slewor | Gérald Mossé | François Boutin | Allen Paulson |  |
| 1991 | Signac | Guy Guignard | William Cargeeg | Michael Smurfit |  |
| 1992 | Arazi | Steve Cauthen | François Boutin | Paulson / Sheikh Moh'd | 1:48.00 |
| 1993 | Bigstone | Dominique Boeuf | Élie Lellouche | Daniel Wildenstein | 1:40.90 |
| 1994 | Scandinavian | Guy Guignard | Noël Pelat | Marquis de Geoffre | 1:52.10 |
| 1995 | Petit Poucet | Cash Asmussen | Nicolas Clément | Stavros Niarchos | 1:51.60 |
| 1996 | Go Between | Olivier Doleuze | Georges Doleuze | Naji Pharaon | 1:47.80 |
| 1997 | Vernoy | Antoine Sanglard | André Fabre | Sheikh Mohammed | 1:45.30 |
| 1998 | River Ball | Frédéric Spanu | Jean-François Bernard | Axelle Nègre | 1:48.80 |
| 1999 | Iridanos | Dominique Boeuf | Carlos Laffon-Parias | Leonidas Marinopoulos | 1:49.80 |
| 2000 | Firyal Pursuit | Thierry Thulliez | Patrick Khozian | Patrick Dreux | 1:50.30 |
| 2001 | Aghnoyoh | Thierry Gillet | Tony Clout | Gerhard Sybrecht | 1:59.60 |
| 2002 | Medecis | Olivier Doleuze | Criquette Head-Maarek | Wertheimer et Frère | 1:47.00 |
| 2003 | Sign of the Wolf | Thierry Jarnet | François Rohaut | Andrew Crichton | 1:48.10 |
| 2004 | American Post | Richard Hughes | Criquette Head-Maarek | Khalid Abdullah | 1:43.00 |
| 2005 | Helios Quercus | Alexandre Roussel | Cyriaque Diard | Thierry Maudet | 1:49.30 |
| 2006 | Porto Santo | Stéphane Pasquier | Philippe Demercastel | Aleyrion Bloodstock Ltd | 1:53.00 |
| 2007 | Hurricane Fly | François-Xavier Bertras | Jean-Luc Pelletan | Hans-Peter Breitenstein | 1:49.50 |
| 2008 | Gris Tendre | Ioritz Mendizabal | Jean-Claude Rouget | Exors of Guy de Rothschild | 1:52.30 |
| 2009 | Silver Frost | Christophe Soumillon | Yves de Nicolay | John Cotton | 1:41.90 |
| 2010 | No Risk at All | Thomas Huet | Jean-Paul Gallorini | Sylvia Wildenstein | 1:47.80 |
| 2011 | Barocci | Christophe Soumillon | Élie Lellouche | Ecurie Wildenstein | 1:48.90 |
| 2012 | Coup de Theatre | Ronan Thomas | Philippe van de Poele | Antoine Sauty de Chalon | 1:43.30 |
| 2013 | Wire to Wire | Christophe Soumillon | Jean-Claude Rouget | Ecurie I. M. Fares | 1:47.72 |
| 2014 | Salai | Christophe Soumillon | Jean-Claude Rouget | Martin S. Schwartz | 1:46.01 |
| 2015 | Green Sweet | Olivier Peslier | Jean-Claude Rouget | Wertheimer et Frère | 1:41.03 |
| 2016 | Dicton | Olivier Peslier | Gianluca Bietolini | Robert Ng | 1:42.23 |
| 2017 | Markazi | Christophe Soumillon | Jean-Claude Rouget | Aga Khan IV | 1:42.76 |
| 2018 | Francesco Bere | Alexandre Gavilan | Didier Guillemin | Mme Gerard Lesur | 1:43.70 |
| 2019 | Shaman | Maxime Guyon | Carlos Laffon-Parias | Wertheimer et Frère | 1:49.56 |
| 2021 | Galik | Julien Auge | Christophe Ferland | Guy Pariente | 1:46.11 |
| 2022 | Dreamflight | Olivier Peslier | André Fabre | Lady Bamford | 1:40.93 |
| 2023 | American Flag | Christophe Soumillon | Yann Barberot | Malcolm Parrish | 1:46.65 |
| 2024 | Ramadan | Aurelien Lemaitre | Christopher Head | Nurian Bizakov | 1:55.28 |

## Earlier winners

* 1901: Juniperus
* 1902: Barde
* 1903: Nordenskjold
* 1904: Borgia
* 1905: Hanoi
* 1906: Prestige
* 1907: Pernod
* 1908: Monitor
* 1909: Verdun
* 1910: Radis Rose
* 1911: Faucheur
* 1912: Le Cid
* 1913: Saint Pe
* 1914: Durbar
* 1920: Deepdale
* 1921: Spectateur
* 1922: Grillemont
* 1923: Guemul
* 1924: Soldat de France
* 1925: Burgos
* 1926: Diplomate
* 1927: Gros Chou
* 1928: Guy Fawkes
* 1929: Vatout
* 1930: Montreal
* 1931: Mameluck
* 1932: Rustaud
* 1933: Pantalon
* 1934: Rentenmark
* 1935: Nerondes
* 1936: Sanguinetto
* 1937: Allumeur
* 1938: Becasson
* 1939: Bon Voyage
* 1940: Flying Call
* 1941: Blue Mill
* 1942: Express
* 1943: Fanatique
* 1944: Coadjuteur
* 1948: Soritor
* 1961: Carteret
* 1964: Trade Mark
* 1966: Prompt
* 1967: Magic Wind
* 1968: Aslam
* 1973: Robertino
* 1974: Mount Hagen
* 1975: Condorcet
* 1976: Far North
* 1977: Water Boy
* 1978: Kenmare

1. "Prix Omnium II". *France Galop*. Retrieved 18 March 2024.
2. "Notes sur Saint-Cloud". *Le Figaro* (in French). 15 March 1901. Retrieved 17 February 2013.
3. "1900 Prix de Vincennes". *Le Figaro* (in French). 16 March 1900. Retrieved 17 February 2013.
4. "1901 Prix de Saint-Cloud". *Le Figaro* (in French). 16 March 1901. Retrieved 17 February 2013.
5. "1904 Prix de Saint-Cloud". *Le Figaro*. 16 March 1904. Retrieved 17 February 2013.
6. "1920 Prix de Saint-Cloud". *Le Figaro*. 13 March 1920. Retrieved 17 February 2013.
7. "1927 Prix de Saint-Cloud". *Le Figaro*. 13 March 1927. Retrieved 17 February 2013.
8. "1928 Prix Omnium II". *Le Figaro*. 18 March 1928. Retrieved 17 February 2013.
9. "La réouverture de Saint-Cloud". *Le Matin* (in French). 17 March 1929. Retrieved 17 February 2013.
10. "1930 Prix Omnium II". *Le Figaro*. 16 March 1930. Retrieved 17 February 2013.
11. Thamin, André (26 March 1940). "Hier, à Longchamp". *Le Matin* (in French). Retrieved 17 February 2013.
12. "Résultats d'hier, à Auteuil". *Le Matin*. 20 March 1944. Retrieved 17 February 2013.

---

---

## InfoBox

Prix Omnium II
| Listed race | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Saint-Cloud Racecourse
Saint-Cloud, France |
| Inaugurated | 1901 |
| Race type | Flat / Thoroughbred |
| Website | france-galop.com |
| Race information | |
| Distance | 1,600 metres (1 mile) |
| Surface | Turf |
| Track | Left-handed |
| Qualification | Three-year-old
colts and geldings |
| Weight | 58 kg |
| Purse | €55,000 *(2024)*
**1st:** €27,500 |


title: Thorsager railway station

abstract: Thorsager station is a railway station serving the railway town of Thorsager on the peninsula of Djursland in Jutland, Denmark. The station is located on the Grenaa railway line between Aarhus and Grenaa. It opened in 1877 with the opening of the Aarhus-Ryomgård section of the railway line. It was closed in 1971, but reopened in 2019, since when the station has been served by the Aarhus light rail system, a tram-train network combining tram lines in the city of Aarhus with operation on railway lines in the surrounding countryside.

text:
# Thorsager railway station

**Thorsager station** is a railway station serving the railway town of Thorsager on the peninsula of Djursland in Jutland, Denmark.

The station is located on the Grenaa railway line between Aarhus and Grenaa. It opened in 1877 with the opening of the Aarhus-Ryomgård section of the railway line. It was closed in 1971, but reopened in 2019, since when the station has been served by the Aarhus light rail system, a tram-train network combining tram lines in the city of Aarhus with operation on railway lines in the surrounding countryside.

## History

The station opened on 1 December 1877 as the railway company Østjyske Jernbane (ØJJ) opened a branch line From Aarhus to Ryomgård on the Randers-Ryomgaard-Grenaa Line from Randers to Grenaa. Just a few years later the trains starting running directly between Grenaa and Aarhus, with the Ryomgård-Randers section being reduced to a branch line used mostly for rail freight transport until it was closed altogether on 2 May 1971.

The station became unstaffed on 27 September 1964, and closed altogether 22 May 1971. It reopened on 30 April 2019, after the Grenaa railway line had been reconstructed and electrified to form part of the Aarhus light rail system, a tram-train network combining tram lines in the city of Aarhus with operation on railway lines in the surrounding countryside. Since 2019, the station has been served by Line L1 of the Aarhus light rail network, operated by the multinational transportation company Keolis.

## Architecture

The station building from 1877 was designed by the Danish architect Niels Peder Christian Holsøe (18261895), known for the numerous railway stations he designed across Denmark in his capacity of head architect of the Danish State Railways.

### Citations

### Bibliography

## InfoBox

| Thorsager | |
| --- | --- |
| railway station | |
| Thorsager station in 2019 | |
| General information | |
| Location | Stationsvej 48
Thorsager, 8410 Rønde
Syddjurs Municipality
Denmark |
| Coordinates | 56°21′22″N 10°26′53″E / 56.35611°N 10.44806°E / 56.35611; 10.44806 |
| Owned by | Banedanmark |
| Operated by | Aarhus Letbane |
| Line(s) | Grenaa Line |
| Platforms | 1 |
| Tracks | 1 |
| Construction | |
| Architect | Niels Peder Christian Holsøe |
| History | |
| Opened | 1 December 1877
30 April 2019 |
| Closed | 22 May 1971 |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station Aarhus Letbane Following station  Mørketowards Odder or Mårslet  Line 1  Ryomgårdtowards Grenaa or Hornslet | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location  ThorsagerLocation within Denmark | |


title: Pseudopostega fumida

abstract: Pseudopostega fumida is a moth of the family Opostegidae. It is only known from secondary, tropical forest in central Belize. The length of the forewings is about 2.1 mm.

text:
# Pseudopostega fumida

***Pseudopostega fumida*** is a moth of the family Opostegidae. It is only known from secondary, tropical forest in central Belize.

The length of the forewings is about 2.1 mm.

## InfoBox

| *Pseudopostega fumida* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Opostegidae |
| Genus: | *Pseudopostega* |
| Species: | ***P. fumida*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pseudopostega fumida***<br>D.R. Davis & J.R. Stonis, 2007 | |
|


title: Pseudisobrachium

abstract: Pseudisobrachium is a genus of cuckoo wasps in the family Bethylidae. There are about six described species in Pseudisobrachium.

text:
# Pseudisobrachium

***Pseudisobrachium*** is a genus of cuckoo wasps in the family Bethylidae. There are about six described species in *Pseudisobrachium*.

## Species

These six species belong to the genus *Pseudisobrachium*:

Data sources: i = ITIS, c = Catalogue of Life, g = GBIF, b = Bugguide.net

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| *Pseudisobrachium* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Bethylidae |
| Subfamily: | Pristocerinae |
| Genus: | *Pseudisobrachium*<br>Kieffer, 1904 |
|


title: Pseudoconversational transaction

abstract: In transaction processing, a pseudoconversational transaction is a type of transaction that emulates a true conversation in an interactive session. To the end user, it appears as though the program has simply "paused" to request further input, whereas in reality, most resources are released while the input is waiting to be received.

text:
# Pseudoconversational transaction

In transaction processing, a **pseudoconversational transaction** is a type of transaction that emulates a true conversation in an interactive session. To the end user, it appears as though the program has simply "paused" to request further input, whereas in reality, most resources are released while the input is waiting to be received.

## Transparent termination and restart

The controlling program has deliberately saved most of its state during the delay, terminated, and then, on being restarted through new input, restores its previous state. A single control variable is usually retained to hold the current state in terms of the stage of input reached (and therefore what must be recovered at any stage in order to resume processing). The state, including the control variable, is usually preserved in a 'temporary storage record' that maps the variables needing restoration as an aggregate set, usually contained in a single structure (other variables will be re-initialized on restart).

## Conserving resources

This method of programming frees up pooled resources (such as memory) for an indeterminate time. This delay is the end-user 'thinking time' (or response time) and depends on human factors including speed of typing. For systems supporting many thousands of users on a single processor, it allows the transparent 'look and feel' of a true conversational session without tying up limited resources.


abstract: Primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma is a type of lymphoma. It was recognized as a distinct disease entity in the 2008 WHO classification. PCFCL had been previously conceived as a variant of follicular lymphoma (FL).

text:
# Primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma

**Primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma** is a type of lymphoma. It was recognized as a distinct disease entity in the 2008 WHO classification. PCFCL had been previously conceived as a variant of follicular lymphoma (FL).

## Cause

Unlike FL, PCFCL is not typically associated with t(14;18) translocation although presence of that translocation does not exclude PCFCL. It is usually not associated with overexpressed Bcl-2.

PCFCL represents about 55% to 60% of primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas (PCBCL); primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell cell lymphoma, leg type are the other primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas. The cause of PCFCL is unknown.

## Treatment

Surgical removal and/or radiotherapy is given for localized disease. Radiation using multiple radiation fields is given if the disease has wider extent with grouped lesions. For the less common situation of more extensive disease (still confined to skin), rituximab without chemotherapy is used. Intralesional interferon alpha (IFN-α) and intralesional rituximab have been used. Approximately one-third of PCFCL relapse, usually in the skin; treatment is similar to initial management and overall survival remains excellent.

## Prognosis

Spread from the skin is unusual, and the prognosis is excellent with a 5-year survival of over 97%. The International Extranodal Lymphoma Study Group identified elevated LDH, more than two skin lesions, and nodular lesions as three prognostic factors, that are used to assess a cutaneous lymphoma international prognostic index (CLIPI), which is prognostic of disease-free status.

## InfoBox

| Primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma | |
| --- | --- |
| Other names | PCFCL |
| Specialty | Hematology/oncology |


title: Unica (material)

abstract: Unica is a vulcanised lump paper material. It was used to make boxes. The most famous product is probably a lunch box. But unica has also been used to make suitcases, helmets, buttons, shoes and, during the Second World War it was even used to make fuel tanks for Swedish aeroplanes. Many unica products were made by AB Tidan in Mariestad. Nowadays unica boxes are made by Alstermo Bruk in Småland, Sweden.

text:
# Unica (material)

**Unica** is a vulcanised lump paper material. It was (and to some extent still is) used to make boxes. The most famous product is probably a lunch box. But unica has also been used to make suitcases, helmets, buttons, shoes and, during the Second World War it was even used to make fuel tanks for Swedish aeroplanes. Many unica products were made by AB Tidan in Mariestad. Nowadays unica boxes are made by Alstermo Bruk in Småland, Sweden.


title: Psychroflexus salis

abstract: Psychroflexus salis is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic and non-motile bacteria from the genus of Psychroflexus which has been isolated from the Lake Xiaochaidan in the Qinghai Province in China. 5

text:
# Psychroflexus salis

***Psychroflexus salis*** is a Gram-negative, strictly aerobic and non-motile bacteria from the genus of Psychroflexus which has been isolated from the Lake Xiaochaidan in the Qinghai Province in China. 5

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| *Psychroflexus salis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Bacteria |
| Phylum: | Bacteroidota |
| Class: | Flavobacteriia |
| Order: | Flavobacteriales |
| Family: | Flavobacteriaceae |
| Genus: | *Psychroflexus* |
| Species: | ***P. salis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Psychroflexus salis***<br>Zhong et al. 2016 | |
|
| Type strain | |
| CGMCC 1.12925, X15M-6, JCM 30615 | |


title: Prix Contrepoint

abstract: The prix Contrepoint is a French literary award established in 1971 by a group of young French novelists and journalists. Each year a French-speaking novelist is selected. According to Bertrand Labes, this prize was characterized at its creation as the "Goncourt of young writers" as its recipients often confirmed their talent later on. The jury included Christian Giudicelli, Dominique-Pierre Larger, Patrick Modiano, Claude Montcalm, Louis-Antoine Prat, Gonzague Saint Bris, Jean-Clément Texier, and Denys Viat. This award is distinguished by the fact that, according to its rules, the winner must pay a one Franc check to each of the eight members of the jury, "for the pains taken to read his work."

text:
# Prix Contrepoint

The **prix Contrepoint** is a French literary award established in 1971 by a group of young French novelists and journalists. Each year a French-speaking novelist is selected.

According to Bertrand Labes, this prize was characterized at its creation as the "Goncourt of young writers" as its recipients often confirmed their talent later on.

The jury included Christian Giudicelli, Dominique-Pierre Larger, Patrick Modiano, Claude Montcalm, Louis-Antoine Prat, Gonzague Saint Bris, Jean-Clément Texier, and Denys Viat.

This award is distinguished by the fact that, according to its rules, the winner must pay a one Franc check to each of the eight members of the jury, "for the pains taken to read his work."

## List of laureates