title: Listed buildings in Walkeringham

text:
# Listed buildings in Walkeringham

Walkeringham is a civil parish in the Bassetlaw District of Nottinghamshire, England. The parish contains nine listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England. Of these, one is listed at Grade I, the highest of the three grades, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade. The parish contains the village of Walkeringham and the surrounding countryside, and the listed buildings consist of a church, the village cross, houses, cottages and farmhouses and associated structures.

## Key

| Grade | Criteria |
| --- | --- |
| I | Buildings of exceptional interest, sometimes considered to be internationally important |
| II | Buildings of national importance and special interest |

## Buildings

| Name and location | Photograph | Date | Notes | Grade |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| St Mary Magdalene's Church
53°25′17″N 0°50′30″W / 53.42125°N 0.84177°W / 53.42125; -0.84177 (St Mary Magdalene's Church) |  | 13th century | The church has been altered and extended through the centuries. It is built in limestone, partly rendered, with lead roofs. The church consists of a nave with a clerestory, north and south aisles, a south porch, a chancel, and a west tower. The tower has two stages, diagonal buttresses, a moulded plinth, two string courses, and an embattled parapet with eight crocketed pinnacles. It contains a west triple lancet window, clock faces, and three-light bell openings with hood moulds. There are embattled parapets on the nave and the aisles. | I |
| Village cross
53°25′19″N 0°50′28″W / 53.42193°N 0.84114°W / 53.42193; -0.84114 (Village cross) |  | Medieval | The village cross is in stone. It has a plinth of three semicircular steps, on which is a broached square base, and the stump of a square shaft. | II |
| The Manor House
53°25′17″N 0°50′28″W / 53.42149°N 0.84117°W / 53.42149; -0.84117 (The Manor House) |  | c.1600 | The house is in brick on a stone plinth, with stone dressings, floor bands, an eaves band, cogged eaves, and a pantile roof with tumbled coped gables and kneelers. There are two storeys and attics and an L-shaped plan. On the front is a doorway with a fanlight, to its right is a canted bay window, and most of the other windows are mullioned and transomed. On the west front is a doorway with a chamfered surround and a mullioned and transomed fanlight. | II |
| Moor End Farm Cottage and Bungalow
53°25′41″N 0°51′12″W / 53.42819°N 0.85340°W / 53.42819; -0.85340 (Moor End Farm Cottage and Bungalow) |  | 18th century | The house and the outbuilding converted into a cottage are in brick, with cogged eaves, and a pantile roof with tumbled coped gables. The house has two storeys and three bays. The doorway has a segmental head and the windows are horizontally-sliding sashes, one with a segmental head. The cottage to the right has a single storey and a single bay. | II |
| Highfield Farmhouse
53°25′12″N 0°51′55″W / 53.41991°N 0.86527°W / 53.41991; -0.86527 (Highfield Farmhouse) |  | c. 1820 | The farmhouse is in gault brick with stone dressings and a hipped slate roof. There are two storeys, a main range of three bays, a single-storey two-bay extension to the right, and a later rear extension. The central doorway has a plain surround and a fanlight, and the windows are sashes, the window above the doorway with a rubbed brick head, and the others with lintels. | II |
| The Old Vicarage
53°25′14″N 0°50′33″W / 53.42061°N 0.84246°W / 53.42061; -0.84246 (The Old Vicarage) |  | 1825 | The vicarage, later a private house, was designed by James Trubshaw. It is in stuccoed brick on a stone plinth, with corner pilaster strips, deep eaves and a hipped Welsh slate roof. There are two storeys and an L-shaped plan, with a main range of three bays. The middle bay of the south front is recessed and flanked by pilasters, and it contains a doorway, above which is a cast iron balcony. On the west front are two bay windows, and most of the other windows are sashes. | II |
| Manor Farmhouse and outbuildings
53°25′50″N 0°52′21″W / 53.43055°N 0.87261°W / 53.43055; -0.87261 (Manor Farmhouse and outbuildings) |  | Early 19th century | The farmhouse is in brick with stone dressings and a double hipped tile roof. There are two storeys, a double depth plan and three bays. In the centre is a doorway with a moulded architrave and a fanlight. The windows are sashes with rubbed brick heads; all the openings have segmental heads. At the rear are outbuildings with a single storey and three bays, containing an open arcade on iron columns. | II |
| Mill House and pump
53°24′59″N 0°50′58″W / 53.41635°N 0.84937°W / 53.41635; -0.84937 (Mill House and pump) |  | Early 19th century | A brick house with dentilled eaves and a pantile roof. There are two storeys, three bays, and a rear lean-to extension. The central doorway has a segmental head, and the windows are sashes, those in the upper floor horizontally-sliding. Outside the house is a cast iron pump with a fluted cap. | II |
| Rose Dene and The Cottage
53°25′43″N 0°51′50″W / 53.42870°N 0.86397°W / 53.42870; -0.86397 (Rose Dene and The Cottage) |  | c. 1860 | A pair of estate cottages in gault brick on a plinth, with stone dressings, dentilled eaves, and a tile roof. There is a single storey and seven bays. Two of the bays project, they are gabled and each contains a gabled porch; there is a triangular blank opening in each gable. The windows are casements. | II |
|

### Citations

### Sources

* Historic England, "Church of St Mary Magdalene, Walkeringham (1045085)", *National Heritage List for England*, retrieved 17 October 2023
* Historic England, "The Village Cross, Walkeringham (1370385)", *National Heritage List for England*, retrieved 17 October 2023
* Historic England, "The Manor House, Walkeringham (1045084)", *National Heritage List for England*, retrieved 17 October 2023
* Historic England, "Moor End Farm Cottage and Moor End Farm Bungalow, Walkeringham (1302680)", *National Heritage List for England*, retrieved 17 October 2023
* Historic England, "Highfield Farmhouse, Walkeringham (1156811)", *National Heritage List for England*, retrieved 17 October 2023
* Historic England, "The Old Vicarage, Walkeringham (1156808)", *National Heritage List for England*, retrieved 17 October 2023
* Historic England, "Manor Farmhouse and Outbuildings, Walkeringham (1156795)", *National Heritage List for England*, retrieved 17 October 2023
* Historic England, "Mill House and Pump, Walkeringham (1045086)", *National Heritage List for England*, retrieved 17 October 2023
* Historic England, "Rose Dene and The Cottage, Walkeringham (1370386)", *National Heritage List for England*, retrieved 17 October 2023
* Hartwell, Clare; Pevsner, Nikolaus; Williamson, Elizabeth (2020) \[1979\]. *Nottinghamshire*. The Buildings of England. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-24783-1.
* Historic England, *Listed Buildings*, retrieved 17 October 2023


title: Farewell Again

abstract: Farewell Again is a 1937 British drama film directed by Tim Whelan and starring Leslie Banks, Flora Robson, Sebastian Shaw and Robert Newton. The film is a portmanteau illustrating the calls of duty on various soldiers and their families. In the United States it was released with the alternative title Troopship. The film was made at Denham Studios by Alexander Korda's London Film Productions.

text:
# Farewell Again

***Farewell Again*** is a 1937 British drama film directed by Tim Whelan and starring Leslie Banks, Flora Robson, Sebastian Shaw and Robert Newton. The film is a portmanteau illustrating the calls of duty on various soldiers and their families. In the United States it was released with the alternative title ***Troopship***.

The film was made at Denham Studios by Alexander Korda's London Film Productions.

## Plot

## Cast

1. BFI.org
2. Wood p.90

## Bibliography

* Low, Rachael. *Filmmaking in 1930s Britain*. George Allen & Unwin, 1985.
* Wood, Linda. *British Films, 1927-1939*. British Film Institute, 1986.

*Farewell Again* at IMDb

## InfoBox

| Farewell Again | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Tim Whelan |
| Written by | Clemence Dane
Ian Hay
Wolfgang Wilhelm
Henry Koster
Patrick Kirwan |
| Produced by | Erich Pommer
Alexander Korda (uncredited) |
| Starring | Leslie Banks
Flora Robson
Robert Newton
Sebastian Shaw |
| Cinematography | James Wong Howe
Hans Schneeberger |
| Edited by | Jack Dennis |
| Music by | Richard Addinsell
Direction, Muir Mathieson |
| Production
company | London Film Productions |
| Distributed by | United Artists |
| Release date | * 15 May 1937 (1937-05-15) |
| Running time | 85 minutes |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Language | English |


title: The Gardens at SIUE

abstract: The Gardens at SIUE is a botanical garden on the campus of Southern Illinois University Edwardsville (SIUE). It originated as an arboretum and occupies a 35 acres (14 ha) tract of the university's 2,660 acres (1,080 ha) campus at Edwardsville, Illinois. It serves as a twofold function as a living laboratory dedicated in support of the educational and research missions of the university and as a place of beauty for the university community to share with the general public. In light of this duality, the gardens' master plan calls for the creation of a "public garden featuring spectacular horticulture, event spaces, areas for social gatherings and contemplative gardens" to be continuously enhanced over the coming years. The Gardens at SIUE was recognized by the Missouri Botanical Gardens as a "Signature Garden" until the MOBOT program was discontinued.

text:
# The Gardens at SIUE

**The Gardens at SIUE** is a botanical garden on the campus of Southern Illinois University Edwardsville (SIUE). It originated as an arboretum and occupies a 35 acres (14 ha) tract of the university's 2,660 acres (1,080 ha) campus at Edwardsville, Illinois. It serves as a twofold function as a living laboratory dedicated in support of the educational and research missions of the university and as a place of beauty for the university community to share with the general public. In light of this duality, the gardens' master plan calls for the creation of a "public garden featuring spectacular horticulture, event spaces, areas for social gatherings and contemplative gardens" to be continuously enhanced over the coming years. The Gardens at SIUE was recognized by the Missouri Botanical Gardens as a "Signature Garden" until the MOBOT program was discontinued.

## History

In April 1990, Donal Myer, dean of the former SIUE School of Sciences, announced that planning had begun for the creation of a campus arboretum, to be sited north of the parking area for the Tower Lake (now Cougar Lake) recreation area. The arboretum had been a part of the plans for the university from its beginnings but nothing had been done until Frank Kulfinski, professor of Environmental Sciences, suggested that it was time to start. Following Myer's death that August, the SIU Board of Trustees named the arboretum in his honor, and Kulfinski became its first director.

In the ensuing years, the tree collection was broadened and diversified, and the arboretum saw much use as both an educational tool and as a recreational destination for the SIUE community.

In the late 1990s, funds were raised to further develop the site. Among the improvements, a permanent sign was erected and a bridge was built across Turtle Pond. In 1998, the Donal G. Myer Arboretum was rededicated.

In 2003, the Missouri Botanical Gardens' president Dr. Peter Raven created the Metro-east Outreach Advisory Committee, chaired by SIUE alumnus Ralph Korte and directed with discovering ways to amplify the Missouri Botanical Gardens' image in the Metro East region. This committee created the concept of "Signature Gardens", and the Donal Myer Arboretum was chosen as one of three Signature Gardens in the Metro East.

In 2004, Terra Design Studios of Pittsburgh was hired to assist a planning team, consisting of SIUE Foundation staff; SIUE faculty, staff, and administration; and Metro East community members in developing a master plan for the arboretum. This process established a plan for the site which more resembled a public botanical garden than a conventional arboretum, resulting in the conclusion that the Myer Arboretum would become a part of a larger entity—The Gardens at SIUE.

In 2005, SIUE hired Doug Conley as the first full-time director of The Gardens. Doug served as Director until July 2011 when he became Director of the Edsel Ford House Gardens and later Garden Coordinator for the University of Michigan Matthaei Gardens.

In April 2006 the 1st Annual Arbor Day event hosted 30 volunteers. In May of the same year, Rita Hardy donated a set of wind sculptures to The Gardens, and in September, The Hardy Family Wind Forest was dedicated at a "Garden Party" attended by more than 200 guests and featuring comments by Raven and SIUE Chancellor Vaughn Vandergrift.

With the completion of The Gardens Master Plan, The Friends of The Gardens at SIUE was formed in 2007. The 2nd Annual Arbor Day event was attended by 59 volunteers and 30 visitors; the event was a combination work and educational event, as volunteers removed weeds and planted trees, while visitors were instructed on the value of trees.

Through the efforts of Doug Conley, the University, the Friends of The Gardens, and generous benefactors, development and enhancement has continued, turning The Gardens at SIUE into a welcoming destination for all visitors.

In January 2012, Jane Drake was appointed as The Gardens second director and served in that post until March 2014.

On September 1, 2014, the directorship of The Gardens was added to the duties of James Pennekamp, special assistant to the chancellor for Regional Economic Development and executive director of University Park at SIUE.

In 2016, the Illinois state budget crisis brought about severely reduced funding for The Gardens. Because of The Gardens' increasing popularity, the mayor of Edwardsville proposed that the city take over the site's care and a survey was done of the Edwardsville citizens. An initial City Council vote regarding leasing of The Gardens appeared to be approved but was later reversed. The university never leased The Gardens to the City. Instead, with major hands-on help from a group of community Master Gardeners and Master Naturalists, the university has continued to manage The Gardens.

## Features

Among the features of The Gardens at SIUE are:

* **The Butterfly Garden**--- A gift from Julie Ruth as a remembrance to her daughter Maria who died while attending SIUE initiated the first area of the Butterfly Garden in 2014. Further development, including an iron sculpture of a butterfly has occurred during 2017-2019. The area is designed with plants that attract local butterfly species.
* **The Garden Path** wanders for half a mile through The Gardens, leading visitors to its many features.
* **The Donal Myer Arboretum**--- Established in 1990 and named in honor of the late Donal G. Myer, a biologist and dean of the former SIUE School of Sciences, the Arboretum is a collection of labeled trees and shrubs native to the region in a natural setting.
* **The Donal Myer Arboretum Plaza** --- A plaza surrounded with bench seating at the south entrance to The Gardens.
* **The Prairie Portal** --- A 1 acre (0.40 ha) garden created by the Edwardsville Rotary Club in 2012 that will function as a portal from the Garden Path to a not yet constructed path, the Prairie Loop.
* **The Hardy Family Wind Forest**--- A set of kinetic sculptures by Lyman Whitaker are set in motion by the wind, creating ever-changing images. The set includes The Double Spinner, The Fleur-de-Lis, the Double Helix, The Desert Flame, and the Double Dancer. The sculptures were donated by Rita Hardy of Highland.

* **The Lantern**--- A path over the bridge and through the pines leads to a plaza where a small amphitheater faces the oriental influenced pergola sited on the edge of Turtle Pond. A place for small gatherings or quiet contemplation, the Lantern was conceived by students in SIUE's nationally recognized Senior Capstone project of the School of Engineering and designed by Jamie Henderson of Henderson Associates Architects. Constructed of stone and cedar, the Lantern looks out upon the fountain in Turtle Pond and has a set of LEDs that light it at night, providing the image that gives it its name.
* **Art For The Earth**--- Artworks installed in honor of Earth Day and using "green" approaches to art. Some works are installed for a specified period, others are biodegradable and return to the earth over time. New works are installed each April.
* **The Prairie House**--- (Originally scheduled 2012-13 but on hold as of 2020.) will serve as a permanent venue for special events and classes, featuring indoor and outdoor classroom and meeting spaces, restrooms, a green room for event preparation, an outdoor kitchen, and patio and lawn areas.
* **The Presidents' Way** --- A series of benches along a section of the Garden Path which commemorates former presidents of the SIUE Foundation.
* **Oak Savannah** --- A restored piece of natural Illinois prairie planted in 2000 by the SIUE Department of Biological Sciences. More than 40 native plants were included in the initial planting.
* **The Council Ring** --- Based upon Native American council circles, this is a stone landscaped meeting area constructed in 2011 with a donation from the Inman Family.
* **Frog Marsh** --- A marshy arm of Cougar (Tower) Lake preserved as natural habitat for indigenous amphibians and reptiles.

*Additional References*

## Location

The Gardens at SIUe are located on Arboretum Lane, going south off Cougar Lake Road on the SIUE campus. They are also accessible by the Delyte Morris Bike Trail, which connects with the Madison County Transit Nature Trail.

### General

### Program-specific

38°48′32″N 89°59′34″W / 38.80880°N 89.992844°W / 38.80880; -89.992844

## InfoBox

The Gardens at SIUE
| Entry sign at Southern Illinois University Edwardsville | |
| --- | --- |
| Type | Public University Botanical Garden |
| Location | Edwardsville, Illinois, United States |
| Website | www.siue.edu |


title: List of non-marine molluscs of Peru

abstract: The non-marine molluscs of Peru are a part of the molluscan fauna of Peru. A number of species of non-marine molluscs are found in the wild in Peru. There are 852 species of gastropods and 40 species of freshwater bivalves living in the wild. There is altogether 129 species of freshwater molluscs in Peru.

text:
# List of non-marine molluscs of Peru

The **non-marine molluscs of Peru** are a part of the molluscan fauna of Peru (wildlife of Peru).

A number of species of non-marine molluscs are found in the wild in Peru.

There are 852 species of gastropods (89 species of freshwater gastropods, 763 species of land gastropods) and 40 species of freshwater bivalves living in the wild.

There is altogether 129 species of freshwater molluscs in Peru.

Summary table of number of species:
| Numbers of molluscs by habitat | Number of species |
| --- | --- |
| Freshwater gastropods | 89 |
| Land gastropods | 763 |
| Total number of non-marine gastropods | 852 |
| Freshwater bivalves | 40 |
| **Total number of non-marine molluscs** | **892** |

## Freshwater gastropods

Freshwater gastropods include:

Ampullariidae

Planorbidae

Lymnaeidae

Physidae

## Land gastropods

There are other 30 genera of land gastropods, than mentioned below next to families, with 56 species.

Helicinidae \- 2 genera, 25 species

* ...

Neocyclotidae \- 4 genera, 20 species

* ...

Orthalicidae \- without Bulimulinae has 4 genera and 18 species in Peru.

* ...

Orthalicidae, Bulimulinae \- only Bulimulinae has 15 genera, 424 species in Peru

* ...

Veronicellidae

Subulinidae \- 5 genera, 19 species

Clausiliidae \- 14 genera, 75 species

* ...

Scolodontidae \- 8 genera, 55 species

* ...

Charopidae \- 3 genera, 13 species

* ...

Pleurodontidae \- 2 genera, 13 species

* ...

Camaenidae \- 2 genera, 12 species

* ...

Helminthoglyptidae \- 2 genera, 33 species

* ...

## Freshwater bivalves

Freshwater bivalves include:

Hyriidae

Mycetopodidae

Etheriidae

Sphaeriidae

Corbiculidae

Lists of molluscs of surrounding countries:


title: Picea glehnii

abstract: Picea glehnii, the Sakhalin spruce or Glehn's spruce, is a species of conifer in the family Pinaceae. It was named after a Russian botanist, taxonomist, Sakhalin and Amur river regions explorer, geographer and hydrographer Peter von Glehn (1835—1876), the person who was the first to describe this conifer. In Japan people call this tree アカエゾマツ, which means “red spruce”.

text:
# Picea glehnii

***Picea glehnii***, the **Sakhalin spruce** or **Glehn's spruce**, is a species of conifer in the family Pinaceae. It was named after a Russian botanist, taxonomist, Sakhalin and Amur river regions explorer, geographer and hydrographer Peter von Glehn (1835—1876), the person who was the first to describe this conifer. In Japan people call this tree アカエゾマツ, which means “red spruce”.

## Natural habitat

The spruce's natural habitat is situated on Hokkaido Island. It also appears on Mount Hayachine of the Kitakami range in the Northern part of Honshu (Iwate prefecture), as well as in the Southern part of Russian island Sakhalin (along Aniva Bay, in the Mereya river valley, near Bolshoye Vavaiskoye lake and Busse lagoon). The tree also grows on Southern Kuril Islands (Kunashir, Shikotan and Southern Iturup).

Glehn's spruce grows within the range of 0 to 1600 meters above sea level in low places and on cold and excessively wet soil on rocky subsoil.

## Description

The tree has thick cone-shaped branches with a trunk of about 62–73 centimeters in diameter. Spruces on Sakhalin grow as high as 17 meters, while some specimens growing on Japanese mountains are even 30 meters tall. Old trees’ bark is scaly and placoid and is colored in chocolate brown (this is the feature that distinguishes this species from others). Young sprouts are usually orange or wine red, haired in grooves and on stalk 1 millimeter in length. The buds are usually 3–7 millimeters long, nearly 5 millimeters wide and have a conical or ovoid form. The color of buds is reddish brown and they are slightly covered with resin. Their scales are triangle- or trigonal-shaped with a long awl-like tip.

The tree's needles are about 10 millimeters long and 2,5 millimeters wide. They are four-sided and a bit curved, mature trees have blunt needles, while young ones have pointed bluish-green ones. When a needle is rubbed, it smells harsh.

The cone has an oblong ovoid or oval form with almost flat base. It is 2–4 centimeters thick and 3,6–8,7 centimeters long. Its color is purple or green, brown and dark-red when mature with inversely ovoid seed scale and dark-red and brown base. The light-brown seeds are 2–2,4 centimeters long with yellowish orange wings which are 2–3 times longer than the seed itself.

The tree is shade and frost tolerant. In planting it is well matched with Dahurian larch.

## Hybrids

The tree makes a *Picea* × nothohybrid with Yezo spruce (*Picea jezoensis*).

## Conservation

The spruce is included into the Red Book of Sakhalin region, it is also kept under protection in Japanese national parks, especially in the area of Honshu Island.

## InfoBox

| *Picea glehnii* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Picea glehnii | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Gymnospermae |
| Division: | Pinophyta |
| Class: | Pinopsida |
| Order: | Pinales |
| Family: | Pinaceae |
| Genus: | *Picea* |
| Species: | ***P. glehnii*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Picea glehnii***
F.Schmidt | |
|


title: Plumbeous vireo

abstract: The plumbeous vireo is a small North American songbird, ranging from far southeastern areas of Montana and western South Dakota south to the Pacific coast of Mexico, which also includes the extreme southern regions of Baja California Sur. Known for its migratory behaviour, moving to the southern part of its range in winter, and its habitat generally encompasses open pine forests. The plumbeous vireo is 4.75 inches (12 cm) in length, with a gray head, back, and flanks, and whitish underparts. It has a solid white eye ring and white wing bars. The song, given persistently, consists of short, rough whistled phrases of several notes, spaced about 2 seconds apart. The phrases often alternate ending on a high note and a low note, giving an impression of question and answer. The plumbeous vireo builds a cup nest out of bark strips and down in the fork of a twig. It lays 3 to 5 white eggs with some brown spots. This species was formerly considered to belong to the same species as Cassin's vireo and blue-headed vireo. At that time, this complex of species was referred to as the "solitary vireo".

text:
# Plumbeous vireo

The **plumbeous vireo** (***Vireo plumbeus***) is a small North American songbird, ranging from far southeastern areas of Montana and western South Dakota south to the Pacific coast of Mexico, which also includes the extreme southern regions of Baja California Sur. Known for its migratory behaviour, moving to the southern part of its range in winter, and its habitat generally encompasses open pine forests.

The plumbeous vireo is 4.75 inches (12 cm) in length, with a gray head, back, and flanks, and whitish underparts. It has a solid white eye ring and white wing bars.

The song, given persistently, consists of short, rough whistled phrases of several notes, spaced about 2 seconds apart. The phrases often alternate ending on a high note and a low note, giving an impression of question and answer.

The plumbeous vireo builds a cup nest out of bark strips and down in the fork of a twig. It lays 3 to 5 white eggs with some brown spots.

This species was formerly considered to belong to the same species as Cassin's vireo and blue-headed vireo. At that time, this complex of species was referred to as the "solitary vireo".

## InfoBox

| Plumbeous vireo | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Vireonidae |
| Genus: | *Vireo* |
| Species: | ***V. plumbeus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Vireo plumbeus***
Coues, 1866 | |
|
|  | |


title: WACM

abstract:
WACM may refer to:
  - WACM (AM), a radio station licensed to serve Springfield, Massachusetts
  - WACM-LP, a defunct low-power radio station formerly licensed to serve Auburn, Alabama
  - WSPR (AM), a radio station licensed to serve West Springfield, Massachusetts, which held the call sign WACM from 1983 to 2016
  - WILK-FM, a radio station licensed to Avoca, Pennsylvania, which held the call sign WACM-FM from 1976 to 1979
  - Weak axiom of cost minimization

text:
# WACM

**WACM** may refer to:

* WACM (AM), a radio station (1270 AM) licensed to serve Springfield, Massachusetts
* WACM-LP, a defunct low-power radio station (94.3 FM) formerly licensed to serve Auburn, Alabama
* WSPR (AM), a radio station (1490 AM) licensed to serve West Springfield, Massachusetts, which held the call sign WACM from 1983 to 2016
* WILK-FM, a radio station (103.1 FM) licensed to Avoca, Pennsylvania, which held the call sign WACM-FM from 1976 to 1979
* Weak axiom of cost minimization


title: Valisia LeKae

abstract: Valisia LeKae is an American actress and singer. She was nominated for a 2014 Grammy Award and in 2013 she was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Lead Actress in a Musical both for her performance as Diana Ross in the Broadway musical Motown: The Musical.

text:
# Valisia LeKae

**Valisia LeKae** (born September 25, 1979) is an American actress and singer. She was nominated for a 2014 Grammy Award and in 2013 she was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Lead Actress in a Musical both for her performance as Diana Ross in the Broadway musical *Motown: The Musical*.

## Personal life

LeKae was born and raised in Memphis, Tennessee, and listened to Motown records in her grandfather's barbershop as a youngster. She started to sing in church at age six and then worked at the Dollywood theme park. LeKae graduated from college with a degree in Psychology and minor in Child and Family Studies from the University of Tennessee, Knoxville.

LeKae left *Motown: The Musical* in December 2013 to be treated after a diagnosis of ovarian cancer.

In February 2014, LeKae was named spokesperson for The National Ovarian Cancer Coalition.

## Career

She starred as Diana Ross in *Motown: The Musical* on Broadway, which opened in April 2013. The reviewer for *TheaterMania* wrote of her performance in *Motown: The Musical*:

> The one person who truly shines, though, is Valisia LeKae as Gordy's longtime paramour, superstar Diana Ross. It's not just her almost spot-on re-creation of Miss Ross' breathy voice and steely demeanor that commands our attention. The consistent display of her genuine star power – most evident in a thrilling 'Reach Out and Touch' segment – also draws us in.

The *TalkinBroadway* reviewer wrote: "Valisia LeKae does a killer impersonation of Ross, and effectively mimics her smoky innocence."

For her performance she was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical. She was also nominated for a Drama League Award (Distinguished Performance Award) and Outer Critics Circle Award (Outstanding Actress in a Musical) and won the Theatre World Award (Outstanding Broadway or Off-Broadway debut performance).

Previously, she was a swing and understudy in the Broadway productions of *The Book of Mormon* (2011), *Ragtime* (2009) for which she was the winner of a Joseph Jefferson Award, and *The Threepenny Opera* (2006) and a performer in *110 in the Shade* (2007).

## InfoBox

| Valisia LeKae | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1979-09-25) September 25, 1979<br>Memphis, Tennessee, U.S. |
| Occupation(s) | Actress, singer |
| Years active | 2002–present |


title: Tyndaris (beetle)

abstract:
Tyndaris is a genus of "jewel beetles" in the subfamily Polycestinae, containing the following species:
  - Tyndaris marginella Fairmaire & Germain, 1858
  - Tyndaris patagiata
  - Tyndaris planata

text:
# Tyndaris (beetle)

***Tyndaris*** is a genus of "jewel beetles" in the subfamily Polycestinae, containing the following species:

## InfoBox

| *Tyndaris* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Tyndaris planata* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Suborder: | Polyphaga |
| Superfamily: | Buprestoidea |
| Family: | Buprestidae |
| Genus: | ***Tyndaris***
Thomson, 1857 |
|
| Type species | |
| *Tyndaris planata*
 | |


title: The Fisherman's Diary

abstract: The Fisherman's Diary is a 2020 Cameroonian drama film directed by Enah Johnscott. The film premiered at the 2020 I Will Tell International Film Festival. It was selected as the Cameroonian entry for the Best International Feature Film at the 93rd Academy Awards, but it was not nominated. The film was nominated for Best Feature Film at the 2020 Paris Art and Movie Awards.

text:
# The Fisherman's Diary

***The Fisherman's Diary*** is a 2020 Cameroonian drama film directed by Enah Johnscott. The film premiered at the 2020 I Will Tell International Film Festival. It was selected as the Cameroonian entry for the Best International Feature Film at the 93rd Academy Awards, but it was not nominated. The film was nominated for Best Feature Film at the 2020 Paris Art and Movie Awards.

## Cast

* Cosson Chinopoh as Lucas
* Kang Quintus as Solomon
* Faith Fidel as Ekah
* Ndamo Damarise as Teacher Bibih
* Onyama Laura as Barbara
* Prince Sube Mayorchu as Moustaffa
* Godwill Neba a Sule
* Ramsey Nouah as Anang Joe
* Daphne Njie as Mrs. Anang Joe
* Zoe Elora as Andong
* Nimo Loveline as Senior Ekah
* Godjsz Fungwa as Kum Peter
* Modesta Forkwa as Stella
* Eyong Juzzy as Lizza
* Beatrice Mokake as Senior Anong

## InfoBox

| The Fisherman's Diary | |
| --- | --- |
| Film poster | |
| Directed by | Enah Johnscott |
| Written by | Proxy Buh Melvin and Enah Johnscott |
| Produced by | Kang Quintus |
| Starring | Cosson Chinopoh
Ramsey Nouah
Faith Fidel |
| Release date | * September 2020 (2020-09) |
| Running time | 143 minutes |
| Country | Cameroon |
| Language | Cameroonian Pidgin English |


# List of members of the National Assembly (South Korea), 1967–1971

The members of the seventh National Assembly of South Korea were elected on 8 June 1967. The assembly sat from 1 July 1967 until 30 June 1971.

## Members elected in the 1967 election

| Province/city | Constituency | Member | Party | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Seoul | Jongno | Yu Jin-o |  | New Democratic Party |
| | Jung | Jeong Il-hyeong |  | New Democratic Party |
| | Dongdaemun A | Song Won-yeong |  | New Democratic Party |
| | Dongdaemun B | Jang Jun-ha |  | New Democratic Party |
| | Seongdong A | Jo Han-baek |  | New Democratic Party |
| | Seongdong B | Park Jun-gyu |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Seongbuk A | Jo Yun-hyeong |  | New Democratic Party |
| | Seongbuk B | Seo Beom-seok |  | New Democratic Party |
| | Seodaemun A | Kim Jae-gwang |  | New Democratic Party |
| | Seodaemun B | Yun Je-sul |  | New Democratic Party |
| | Mapo | Kim Hong-il |  | New Democratic Party |
| | Yongsan | Kim Won-man |  | New Democratic Party |
| | Yeongdeungpo A | Yu Jin-san |  | New Democratic Party |
| | Yeongdeungpo B | Park Han-sang |  | New Democratic Party |
| Busan | Jung | Kim Eung-ju |  | New Democratic Party |
| | Yeongdo | Ye Chun-ho |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Seo | Kim Young-sam |  | New Democratic Party |
| | Dong | Park Gi-chul |  | New Democratic Party |
| | Busanjin A | Jeong Sang-gu |  | New Democratic Party |
| | Busanjin B | Choi Du-go |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Dongnae | Im Gap-su |  | New Democratic Party |
| Gyeonggi Province | Incheon A | Kim Jeong-yeol |  | New Democratic Party |
| | Incheon B | Kim Eun-ha |  | New Democratic Party |
| | Suwon | Lee Byeong-hui |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Uijeongbu–Yangju | Lee Jin-yong |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Gwangju–Icheon | Cha Ji-cheol |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Pocheon–Gapyeong–Yeoncheon | O Chi-seong |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Yeoju–Yangpyeong | Lee Byeong-il |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Yongin–Anseong | Seo Sang-rin |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Pyeongtaek | Lee Yun-yong |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Hwaseong | Kim Hyeong-il |  | New Democratic Party |
| | Goyang–Paju | Sin Yun-chang |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Gimpo–Ganghwa | Kim Jae-so |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Siheung–Bucheon–Ongjin | O Hak-jin |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| Gangwon Province | Chuncheon–Chunseong | Kim U-yeong |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Wonju–Wonseong | Park Yeong-rok |  | New Democratic Party |
| | Gangneung–Myeongju | Choi Ik-gyu |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Hongcheon–Inje | Lee Seung-chun |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Yeongwol–Jeongseon | Jang Seung-tae |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Cheolwon–Hwacheon–Yanggu | Kim Jae-sun |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Sokcho–Yangyang–Goseong | Kim Jong-ho |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Hoeseong–Pyeongchang | Lee U-hyeon |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Samcheok | Kim Jin-man |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| North Chungcheong Province | Cheongju | Jeong Tae-seong |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Cheongwon | Min Gi-sik |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Chungju–Jungwon | Lee Jong-geun |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Okcheon–Boeun | Yuk In-su |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Gwisan | An Dong-jun |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Yeongdong | Jeong Jik-rae |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Jincheon–Eumseong | O Won-seon |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Jecheon–Danyang | Kim Yu-taek |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| South Chungcheong Province | Daejeon | Park Byeong-bae |  | New Democratic Party |
| | Daedeok–Yeongi | Kim Yong-tae |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Gongju | Kim Dal-su |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Nonsan | Yang Sun-jik |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Buyeo | Kim Jong-pil |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Seocheon–Boryeong | Lee Won-jang |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Cheongyang–Hongseong | Jang Yeong-sun |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Yesan | Park Byeong-seon |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Seosan | Lee Sang-hui |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Dangjin | Kim Du-hyeon |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Asan | Lee Min-u |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Cheonan–Cheonwon | Kim Jong-cheol |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Geumsan | Gil Jae-ho |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| North Jeolla Province | Jeonju | Kim Yong-jin |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Gunsan–Okgu | Cha Hyeong-geun |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Iri–Iksan | Kim Seong-cheol |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Wanju | Ryu Beom-su |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Jinan–Jangsu–Muju | Jeon Hyu-sang |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Imsil–Sunchang | Han Sang-jun |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Namwon | Ryu Gwang-hyeon |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Jeongeup | Park Du-seon |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Gochang | Sin Yong-nam |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Buan | Lee Byeong-ok |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Gimje | Jang Gyeong-sun |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| South Jeolla Province | Gwangju A | Jeong Seong-tae |  | New Democratic Party |
| | Gwangju B | Jeong Rae-jeong |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Mokpo | Kim Dae-jung |  | New Democratic Party |
| | Yeosu–Yeocheon | Lee U-heon |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Suncheon–Seungju | Kim U-gyeong |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Damyang–Jangseong | Go Jae-pil |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Hwasun–Gokseong | Gi Se-pung |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Gurye–Gwangyang | Lee Hyeon-jae |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Goheung | Seo Min-ho |  | Mass Party |
| | Boseong | Yang Dal-seung |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Jangheung | Gil Jeon-sik |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Yeongam–Gangjin | Yun Jae-myeong |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Wando | Jeong Gan-yong |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Haenam | Kim Byeong-sun |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Muan | Bae Gil-do |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Naju | Lee Ho-beom |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Gwangsan | Park Jong-tae |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Yeonggwang–Hampyeong | Yun In-sik |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Jindo | Lee Nam-jun |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| North Gyeongsang Province | Jung, Daegu | Lee Man-seop |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Dong, Daegu | Lee Won-man |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Nam, Daegu | Lee Hyo-sang |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Buk–Seo, Daegu | Jo Il-hwan |  | New Democratic Party |
| | Pohang–Yeongil–Ulleung | Kim Jang-seop |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Gimcheon–Geumneung | Baek Nam-eok |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Gyeongju–Wolseong | Lee Sang-mu |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Dalseong–Goryeong | Kim Seong-gon |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Gunwi–Seonsan | Kim Bong-hwan |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Uiseong | U Hong-gu |  | New Democratic Party |
| | Andong City–Andong County | Kim Dae-jin |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Cheongsong–Yeongdeok | Mun Tae-jun |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Yeongyang–Uljin | O Jun-seok |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Yeongcheon | Lee Won-u |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Gyeongsan–Cheongdo | Park Ju-hyeon |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Seongju–Chilgok | Song Han-cheol |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Sangju | Kim Cheon-su |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Mungyeong | Lee Dong-yeong |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Yecheon | Jeong Jin-dong |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Yeongju–Bonghwa | Kim Chang-geun |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| South Gyeongsang Province | Masan | Han Tae-il |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Jinju–Jinyang | Gu Tae-hoe |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Chungmu–Tongyeong–Goseong | Choi Seok-rim |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Geoje | Kim Ju-in |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Jinhae–Changwon | Jo Chang-dae |  | New Democratic Party |
| | Samcheonpo–Seocheon–Hadong | Kim Yong-sun |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Haman–Uiryeong | Kim Chang-uk |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Changnyeong | Seong Nak-hyeon |  | New Democratic Party |
| | Sancheong–Hapcheon | Kim Sam-sang |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Milyang | Gong Jeong-sik |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Yangsan–Dongnae | No Jae-pil |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Ulsan–Ulju | Seol Du-ha |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Gimhae | Kim Taek-su |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Namhae | Choi Chi-hwan |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Hamyang–Geochang | Min Byeong-gwon |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| Jeju Province | Jeju–Bukjeju | Yang Jeong-gyu |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Namjeju | Hyeon O-bong |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| National | Proportional representation | Jeong Gu-yeong |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | | Yun Chi-yeong |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | | Baek Du-jin |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | | Choi Hui-song |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | | Kim Jeong-ryeol |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | | Yun Cheon-ju |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | | Yang Chan-u |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | | Lee Dong-won |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | | Kim Dong-hwan |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | | Choi Yeong-hui |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | | Lee Yeong-geun |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | | Kim Seong-hui |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | | Lee Won-yeop |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | | Kim Yu-tak |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | | Park No-seon |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | | Kim Yong-ho |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | | Kim Yeong-bok |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | | Lee Jeong-seok |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | | Sin Dong-uk |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | | Kim Gyu-nam |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | | Lee Byeong-ju |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | | Lee Mae-ri |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | | Lee Seong-su |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | | Sin Dong-jun |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | | Kim Ik-jun |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | | Lee Won-yeong |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | | Lee Yeong-ho |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | | Park Sun-cheon |  | New Democratic Party |
| | | Kim Do-yeon |  | New Democratic Party |
| | | Jeong Hae-yeong |  | New Democratic Party |
| | | Ko Heung-mun |  | New Democratic Party |
| | | Lee Jae-hyeong |  | New Democratic Party |
| | | Kim Se-yeong |  | New Democratic Party |
| | | Jeong Un-gap |  | New Democratic Party |
| | | Han Tong-suk |  | New Democratic Party |
| | | Kim Seong-yong |  | New Democratic Party |
| | | Yeon Ju-heum |  | New Democratic Party |
| | | Pyeon Yong-ho |  | New Democratic Party |
| | | Park Jae-u |  | New Democratic Party |
| | | Lee Gi-taek |  | New Democratic Party |
| | | Lee Min-u |  | New Democratic Party |
| | | Kim Su-han |  | New Democratic Party |
| | | Kim Sang-hyeon |  | New Democratic Party |
| | | Jo Heung-man |  | New Democratic Party |

## Changes in membership

| Date | Constituency | Incumbent | Party | | New member | Party | | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 19 July 1967 | Proportional representation | Kim Do-yeon |  | New Democratic | Kim Hyeon-gi |  | New Democratic | Incumbent died on 19 July 1967; replaced by the next member in the New Democratic list. |
| 27 February 1968 | Proportional representation | Choi Yeong-hui |  | Democratic Republican | Hyeon Jeong-ju |  | Democratic Republican | Incumbent resigned on 27 February 1968 upon appointment as Minister of National Defense; replaced by the next member in the Democratic Republican list. |
| 3 June 1968 | Seocheon–Boryeong, South Chungcheong Province | Lee Won-jang |  | Democratic Republican | Kim Ok-seon |  | New Democratic | Incumbent's election invalidated on 3 June 1968 after a recount. Runner-up declared as the winner in the 1967 election. |
| 24 September 1968 | Buyeo, South Chungcheong Province | Kim Jong-pil |  | Democratic Republican | Kim Jong-ik |  | Democratic Republican | Incumbent resigned on 2 June 1968. New member by-elected. |
| | Gochang, North Jeolla Province | Sin Yong-nam |  | Democratic Republican | Sin Yong-nam |  | Democratic Republican | Incumbent resigned on 4 July 1967; re-elected in the by-election. |
| | Hwasun–Gokseong, South Jeolla Province | Gi Se-pung |  | Democratic Republican | Yang Hoe-su |  | New Democratic | Incumbent resigned on 5 July 1967. New member by-elected. |
| 28 February 1969 | Naju, South Jeolla Province | Lee Ho-beom |  | Democratic Republican | Lee Ho-beom |  | Democratic Republican | Incumbent's election invalidated on 11 December 1968; re-elected in the by-election. |
| 14 May 1969 | Proportional representation | Kim Gyu-nam |  | Democratic Republican | Kim Yong-chae |  | Democratic Republican | Incumbent resigned on 14 May 1969; replaced by the next member in the Democratic Republican list.. |
| 14 August 1969 | Boseong, South Jeolla Province | Yang Dal-seung |  | Democratic Republican | Lee Jung-jae |  | New Democratic | Incumbent's election invalidated on 25 July 1969. New member by-elected. |
| 25 August 1969 | Jinhae–Changwon, South Gyeongsang Province | Jo Chang-dae |  | New Democratic | *Seat remained vacant* | | | Incumbent died on 25 August 1969. No by-election held. |
| 7 September 1969 | Proportional representation | Yeon Ju-heum |  | New Democratic | *Seat remained vacant* | | | Incumbent resigned on 7 September 1969. |
| | Proportional representation | Jo Heung-man |  | New Democratic | *Seat remained vacant* | | | Incumbent resigned on 7 September 1969. |
| 5 December 1969 | Changnyeong, South Gyeongsang Province | Seong Nak-hyeon |  | New Democratic | Seong Nak-hyeon |  | New Democratic | Incumbent resigned on 7 September 1969; re-elected in the by-election. |
| 22 May 1970 | Chungmu–Tongyeong–Goseong, South Gyeongsang Province | Choi Seok-rim |  | Democratic Republican | Choi Seok-rim |  | Democratic Republican | Incumbent's election invalidated on 1 May 1970; re-elected in the by-election. |
| 11 June 1970 | Proportional representation | Hyeon Jeong-ju |  | Democratic Republican | *Seat remained vacant* | | | Incumbent died on 11 June 1970. |
| 29 June 1970 | Proportional representation | Kim Se-yeong |  | New Democratic | *Seat remained vacant* | | | Incumbent resigned on 29 June 1970. |
| 28 December 1970 | Yesan, South Chungcheong Province | Park Byeong-seon |  | Democratic Republican | *Seat remained vacant* | | | Incumbent's election invalidated on 28 December 1970. No by-election held. |
| 11 January 1971 | Seongdong A, Seoul | Jo Han-baek |  | New Democratic | *Seat remained vacant* | | | Incumbent resigned on 11 January 1971. No by-election held. |
| 19 January 1971 | Gwangsan, South Jeolla Province | Park Jong-tae |  | Democratic Republican | *Seat remained vacant* | | | Incumbent resigned on 19 January 1971. No by-election held. |
| 8 February 1971 | Proportional representation | Lee Jae-hyeong |  | New Democratic | *Seat remained vacant* | | | Incumbent resigned on 8 February 1971. |
| 16 February 1971 | Chungmu–Tongyeong–Goseong, South Gyeongsang Province | Choi Seok-rim |  | Democratic Republican | *Seat remained vacant* | | | Incumbent resigned on 16 February 1971. No by-election held. |
| 8 March 1971 | Chuncheon–Chunseong, Gangwon Province | Kim U-yeong |  | Democratic Republican | *Seat remained vacant* | | | Incumbent resigned on 8 March 1971. No by-election held. |
| 15 March 1971 | Dong, Busan | Park Gi-chul |  | New Democratic | *Seat remained vacant* | | | Incumbent resigned on 15 March 1971. No by-election held. |
| 19 March 1971 | Uijeongbu–Yangju, Gyeonggi Province | Lee Jin-yong |  | Democratic Republican | *Seat remained vacant* | | | Incumbent resigned on 19 March 1971. No by-election held. |
| 23 April 1971 | Yeosu–Yeocheon, South Jeolla Province | Lee U-heon |  | Democratic Republican | *Seat remained vacant* | | | Incumbent resigned on 23 April 1971. No by-election held. |
| 3 May 1971 | Gurye–Gwangyang, South Jeolla Province | Lee Hyeon-jae |  | Democratic Republican | *Seat remained vacant* | | | Incumbent resigned on 3 May 1971. No by-election held. |
| 5 May 1971 | Masan, South Gyeongsang Province | Han Tae-il |  | Democratic Republican | *Seat remained vacant* | | | Incumbent resigned on 5 May 1971. No by-election held. |


title: Pierre-Augustin Hulin

abstract: Pierre-Augustin Hulin was a French general under Napoleon Bonaparte who took part in the storming of the Bastille, the trial of the Duke d'Enghien, and the foiling of the Malet coup.

text:
# Pierre-Augustin Hulin

**Pierre-Augustin Hulin** (French pronunciation: \[pjeʁ oɡystɛ̃ ylɛ̃\]; 6 September 1758  9 January 1841) was a French general under Napoleon Bonaparte who took part in the storming of the Bastille, the trial of the Duke d'Enghien, and the foiling of the Malet coup.

## Early life

Pierre Augustin Hulin, the son of a Parisian draper, was born on 6 September 1758. He entered the army in 1771, serving in a Champagne infantry regiment. In 1772 he was transferred to the French Guards, in the ranks of which he rose to sergeant. In 1787 he had already retired from the guards and was a successful operator of the Royal Laundry. During the week that preceded the storming of the Bastille Hulin was several times spotted agitating the mob against the Crown. Madame de Staël wrote that Hulin told her: "I want to take revenge for your father on these bastards who want to butcher us." Louis Abel Beffroy de Reigny recorded similar inflammatory speeches addressed to the royal soldiers, Louis-Guillome Pitra dramatized Hulin's speech into "The Parisians are slaughtered like lambs, and you are not marching with us?"

On the day of the storming of the Bastille Hulin offered his services to the Hôtel de Ville. He assembled a company of seventy men armed with five cannons. Around 3 o'clock he led his men from Les Invalides to the Bastille. Two hours later artillery fire and pressure from the Bastille personnel persuaded its governor Marquis de Launay to capitulate. By this time the attacking mob lost around a hundred men, the defenders of the Bastille had only one man killed. Hulin and his deputy Jacob Job Elie defended De Launay from the mob and sent him under an armed escort to the Hôtel de Ville. According to Pitra, Hulin and Elie saved De Launay from lynching at least once, when the mob attacked them near the church of St. Louis. The mob finally forced their way past the convoy on the Place de Grève, when it was near its destination. A cook named Denót or Desnot killed De Launay, royalist provost Jacques de Flesselles was killed too. Although five were lynched, most of the Bastille's defenders were escorted safely to the Hôtel de Ville. The governor's head was severed and carried around the city on a pike.

The next day, 15 July 1789, Hulin was appointed company commander of the *Volontaires de la Bastille*, an armed force paid by the city government which later evolved into the National Guard. This permanent core of the newly created Paris militia was recruited from certified veterans of the Bastille Day such as Hulin, plus former French Guards. Hulin's own performance made him a national hero, a "herculean victor", and a staple of patriotic leaflets and magazines issued since 1790. Republican historians of the 19th century amplified popular perception and downplayed the excesses of the mob and underscored Hulin's own moderation.

As aristocrats left the army in large numbers, new officers were promoted from the enlisted ranks. Hulin, however, did not escape the excesses of the Reign of Terror and was incarcerated for almost a year, 1793–1794. When Robespierre's radical government fell in 1794, Hulin was released. During the French Revolutionary Wars, Hulin served in the Army of Italy and fought against the Austrians in the defense of Genoa and commanded troops in Milan, eventually rising to the rank of colonel.

## Service under Napoleon

Hulin, under the command of self-appointed First Consul Napoleon Bonaparte, served as chief of staff in several divisions and was later given command of the grenadiers of the Consular Guard. In August 1803 Hulin was promoted to brigadier general. In 1804 he presided over the commission that tried Louis Antoine, Duke of Enghien. The Duke, a descendant of the Condé family, a cadet branch of the House of Bourbon, was convicted of treason and was executed by firing squad, an act that was met by horror and anger from other European nations.

Hulin fought in the Grande Armée in the campaigns of 1805 and 1806, fighting in present-day Germany. He was given command of troops in Berlin after the completion of the Prussian campaign. In 1807 he was promoted to major general and appointed governor of Paris. He held the latter title until 1814, and during the Hundred Days in 1815. In 1808 he was styled Count of the Empire, and in 1809 was made Grand Officer of the Legion of Honor.

Hulin was the military governor of Paris in 1812, when pro-Republic General Claude François de Malet launched a coup while Napoleon was pursuing a disastrous campaign in Russia. Troops loyal to Malet seized many Bonapartist officers in the city and tried to take control of the government. When Hulin attempted to arrest the rebel general, Malet shot him in the face. Hulin's resistance caused troops and military police to turn on Malet and take him into custody. Malet and other conspirators were executed, Hulin was rewarded with the command of the 1st Division.

When Napoleon abdicated, Hulin's command was taken away from him by the restored Bourbon monarchy. However, when the former emperor returned from exile in 1815, Hulin was given back his position as divisional commander, which was again stripped from him when Napoleon was defeated. Hulin was exiled by the Bourbons, but was allowed to return to France in 1819.

Hulin died in Paris on 9 January 1841.

He served as the main inspiration for the female character Oscar François de Jarjayes in the manga *The Rose of Versailles* by Riyoko Ikeda.

## Sources

* Philip J. Haythornthwaite (2001). *\[Napoleon's Commanders (1) 1792-1809\]*. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 1-84176-055-2.
* Hans-Jürgen Lüsebrink, Rolf Reichardt (1997). *The Bastille: a history of a symbol of despotism and freedom*. Duke University Press. ISBN 0-8223-1894-6.
* Robert Warren (2000). *Jacques-Louis David and Jean-Louis Prieur, revolutionary artists: the public, the populace, and images of the French Revolution*. SUNY Press. ISBN 0-7914-4288-8.

## InfoBox

| Pierre-Augustin Hulin | |
| --- | --- |
| portrait miniature of Hulin | |
| Born | 6 September 1758
Paris, France |
| Died | 9 January 1841(1841-01-09) (aged 82)
Paris, France |
| Allegiance | Kingdom of France
Kingdom of the French
French First Republic
First French Empire |
| Years of service | 1771-1815 |
| Rank | General de division |
| Commands | Military governorship of Paris
1st Division |
| Battles/wars | Siege of Genoa |
| Awards | Legion of Honor |


title: WBDC

abstract: WBDC is a radio station broadcasting a country music format. Licensed to Huntingburg, Indiana, United States, the station is currently owned by Dubois County Broadcasting, Inc. and features programming from Westwood One. The station is also broadcast on HD radio.

text:
# WBDC

**WBDC** (100.9 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a country music format. Licensed to Huntingburg, Indiana, United States, the station is currently owned by Dubois County Broadcasting, Inc. and features programming from Westwood One. The station is also broadcast on HD radio.

## InfoBox

WBDC
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Frequency | 100.9 MHz (HD Radio) |
| Branding | 101 Country WBDC |
| Programming | |
| Format | Country music |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Dubois County Broadcasting, Inc. |
| Sister stations | WXGO, WORX-FM, WAXL |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 17623 |
| Class | B1 |
| ERP | 11,000 watts |
| HAAT | 150 meters (490 ft) |
| Transmitter coordinates | 38°12′31.00″N 86°54′0.00″W / 38.2086111°N 86.9000000°W / 38.2086111; -86.9000000 |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Website | www.wbdc.us |


title: Vanavälja, Jõgeva County

abstract: Vanavälja is a village in Jõgeva Parish, Jõgeva County in eastern Estonia.

text:
# Vanavälja, Jõgeva County

**Vanavälja** is a village in Jõgeva Parish, Jõgeva County in eastern Estonia.

58°23′N 25°50′E / 58.383°N 25.833°E / 58.383; 25.833

## InfoBox

| Vanavälja | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Country | Estonia |
| County | Jõgeva County |
| Parish | Jõgeva Parish |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |


title: Lü Peng (footballer)

abstract: Lü Peng is a Chinese professional footballer who plays as midfielder for Dalian Young Boy.

text:
# Lü Peng (footballer)

**Lü Peng** (Chinese: 吕鹏; Chinese: 呂鵬; pinyin: *Lǚ Péng*; born 28 October 1989) is a Chinese professional footballer who plays as midfielder for Dalian Young Boy.

## Club career

At the beginning of the 2008 season, Lü would break into the senior team of Dalian Shide after graduating from their youth team. He would make his debut senior appearance for Dalian with his youth teammate Yang Boyu on 25 June 2008 against Liaoning FC in a 2–1 win. As a promising midfielder, Lü would play in several more games for Dalian during the season and was one of the few bright aspects in a disappointing season for the club which saw Dalian flirt with relegation. After surviving relegation, the club would introduce Xu Hong as their new club manager and he would over overhaul the entire squad with many of youngsters that were tried out in the previous season, being one these youngsters Lü gained significant playing time and would aid Dalian to an eighth-place finish at the end of the 2009 season. The next season would see teammate and Chinese international Zhao Xuri move to Shaanxi Renhe, which allowed Lü to be permanently promoted as the club's first choice starter in midfield.

At the beginning of the 2013 season, Dalian Shide were taken over by their top tier rivals Dalian Aerbin and Lü would be part of the squad that transferred to the newly enlarged Dalian Aerbin squad. Unfortunately for him, the merger saw his new club exceed the Chinese Football Association's rules on their quota of how many transfers each club was allowed to have, which saw Lü dropped to the club's reserve's until after the summer transfer window opened and he eventually made his debut for the club on 6 July 2013 in a league game against Shandong Luneng that ended in a 1–1 draw. The following season would see him be part of the team that was relegated at the end of the 2014 Chinese Super League campaign.

On 30 January 2015, Lü transferred to China League One side Beijing Enterprises. He would revive his career and he would go on to establish himself as integral member of the team. After two seasons he moved to Chinese Super League side Beijing Guoan on 19 January 2017. He would make his debut for them in a league game on 29 April 2017 against Liaoning F.C. in a game that ended in a 4-2 victory. The following season he would establish himself as a regular within the team and help the club to go on to the win the 2018 Chinese FA Cup against Shandong Luneng. After four seasons he would join fellow top tier club Qingdao on 24 March 2021. He would be part of the team that was relegated at the end of the 2021 Chinese Super League campaign. The club would be subsequently dissolved due to financial difficulties on 13 April 2022.

On 21 April 2022 he joined top tier club Dalian Professional for the start of the 2022 Chinese Super League season. He made his debut in a league game on 4 June 2022 against Henan Songshan Longmen in a match that ended in a 2-2 draw. He would go on to establish himself as a vital member of the team and score his first goal for the club in a league game on 13 November 2022 against Guangzhou F.C. in a 1-1 draw.

## International career

Lü was called up to the Chinese national team by the Chinese Head coach Gao Hongbo and played against Costa Rica on 26 March 2011 where he would start the game and help guide the team to a 2–2 draw.

## Career statistics

### Club statistics

*As of 31 December 2022*.

Appearances and goals by club, season and competition
| Club | Season | League | | | National Cup | | League Cup | | Continental | | Other | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Dalian Shide Siwu | 2008 | S.League | 14 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | - | | - | | 16 | 3 |
| Dalian Shide | 2008 | Chinese Super League | 12 | 0 | - | | - | | - | | - | | 12 | 0 |
| | 2009 | | 18 | 0 | - | | - | | - | | - | | 18 | 0 |
| | 2010 | | 28 | 0 | - | | - | | - | | - | | 28 | 0 |
| | 2011 | | 29 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | | - | | - | | 29 | 0 |
| | 2012 | | 29 | 0 | 1 | 1 | - | | - | | - | | 30 | 0 |
| | **Total** | | 117 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 118 | 1 |
| Dalian Aerbin | 2013 | Chinese Super League | 15 | 0 | 4 | 0 | - | | - | | - | | 19 | 0 |
| | 2014 | | 22 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | | - | | - | | 22 | 0 |
| | **Total** | | 37 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 41 | 0 |
| Beijing Enterprises | 2015 | China League One | 29 | 0 | 3 | 0 | - | | - | | - | | 32 | 0 |
| | 2016 | | 29 | 1 | 1 | 0 | - | | - | | - | | 30 | 1 |
| | **Total** | | 58 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 62 | 1 |
| Beijing Guoan | 2017 | Chinese Super League | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | | - | | - | | 10 | 0 |
| | 2018 | | 6 | 0 | 3 | 0 | - | | - | | - | | 9 | 0 |
| | 2019 | | 11 | 0 | 3 | 0 | - | | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 18 | 0 |
| | 2020 | | 7 | 0 | 1 | 0 | - | | 5 | 0 | - | | 13 | 0 |
| | **Total** | | 34 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 50 | 0 |
| Qingdao | 2021 | Chinese Super League | 20 | 0 | 2 | 0 | - | | - | | 2 | 0 | 24 | 0 |
| Dalian Professional | 2022 | Chinese Super League | 30 | 2 | 1 | 0 | - | | - | | - | | 31 | 2 |
| Career total | | | 309 | 6 | 20 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 341 | 7 |

### International statistics

| National team | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Year | Apps | Goals |
| 2011 | 2 | 0 |
| 2012 | 7 | 0 |
| Total | 9 | 0 |

## Honours

### Club

**Beijing Guoan**

1. "比赛结果-中超数据库-搜狐". Csldata.sports.sohu.com. Retrieved 27 March 2011.
2. "China 2008". Rsssf.com. 3 April 2009. Archived from the original on 21 July 2010. Retrieved 27 March 2011.
3. "China 2009". Rsssf.com. 23 April 2010. Retrieved 27 March 2011.
4. "大连阿尔滨官方宣布：整体收购实德 将上报足协". sohu.com. 30 November 2012. Retrieved 23 August 2013.
5. "Dalian Aerbin vs. Shandong Luneng 1-1". soccerway.com. 6 July 2013. Retrieved 23 August 2013.
6. "China 2014". rsssf.org. 27 May 2021. Retrieved 31 January 2023.
7. "斯塔诺帐下再入一旧将 北控宣布签下吕鹏". sina. 30 January 2015. Retrieved 2 February 2015.
8. "国安官方宣布强力后腰加盟 盼助力球队取得佳绩". sina. 19 January 2017. Retrieved 19 January 2017.
9. "LIAONING HONGYUN VS. BEIJING GUOAN 2 - 4". soccerway.com. 29 April 2017. Retrieved 31 January 2023.
10. "足协杯-比埃拉建功张稀哲斩杀 国安客场2-2夺冠". sports.sina.com.cn. 30 November 2018. Retrieved 13 August 2019.
11. "关于青岛足球俱乐部球员加盟的公告". *m.dongqiudi.net*. 9 April 2021. Retrieved 31 December 2022.
12. "青岛日报：青岛队退出中国职业足球联赛，已发函至相关部门". *Dongqiudi* (in Chinese). 13 April 2022. Retrieved 13 April 2022.
13. "大连人官方：朱挺、阎相闯、吕鹏等12名球员加盟球队". *sina.com*. 29 April 2022. Retrieved 31 December 2022.
14. "HENAN SSLM VS. DALIAN PRO 2 - 2". *soccerway.com*. 4 June 2022. Retrieved 31 December 2022.
15. "DALIAN PRO VS. GUANGZHOU FC 1 - 1". *soccerway.com*. 13 November 2022. Retrieved 31 December 2022.
16. "Costa Rica 2-2 China". teamchina.freehostia.com. 26 March 2011. Retrieved 27 March 2011.
17. "吕鹏". *sodasoccer* (in Chinese). Archived 2018-10-20 at the Wayback Machine

## InfoBox

Lü Peng
吕鹏
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Lü Peng | | |
| Date of birth | (1989-10-28) 28 October 1989 | | |
| Place of birth | Dalian, Liaoning, China | | |
| Height | 1.82 m (5 ft 11+12 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Midfielder | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | Dalian Young Boy | | |
| Number | 21 | | |
| Youth career | | | |
|  | Dalian Shide | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2008 | Dalian Shide Siwu Singapore | 14 | (3) |
| 2008–2012 | Dalian Shide | 117 | (0) |
| 2013–2014 | Dalian Aerbin | 37 | (0) |
| 2015–2016 | Beijing Enterprises | 58 | (1) |
| 2017–2020 | Beijing Guoan | 34 | (0) |
| 2021 | Qingdao FC | 22 | (0) |
| 2022–2023 | Dalian Pro | 57 | (2) |
| 2024- | Dalian Young Boy | 0 | (0) |
| International career | | | |
| 2011–2012 | China | 9 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 26 January 2024<br>‡ National team caps and goals, correct as of 2 November 2014 | | | |


title: Palazzo Erizzo Nani Mocenigo

abstract: Palazzo Erizzo Nani Mocenigo is a palace in Venice located in the San Marco district and overlooking the Grand Canal between Palazzo Da Lezze and Palazzo Contarini delle Figure.

text:
# Palazzo Erizzo Nani Mocenigo

**Palazzo Erizzo Nani Mocenigo** is a palace in Venice located in the San Marco district and overlooking the Grand Canal between Palazzo Da Lezze and Palazzo Contarini delle Figure.

## History

It was built by the Erizzo family in 1480 in the Venetian Gothic style and then passed to the Nani family (later Nani-Mocenigo) in 1537. The Nani family, included in the Serrata del Maggior Consiglio of 1297, moved from Torcello to Venice in the 12th century and subsequently divided into three branches, the main of which died out at the end of the 18th century.

## Architecture

The building has a ground floor with a water portal and two noble floors decorated with quadriforas flanked by pairs of monoforas. The brick facade on the Grand Canal is divided vertically into three sections, each of which has late Gothic decorations: top flowers, trefoil window frames, serrated frames, and Corinthian capitals. The vertical edges of Istrian stone, the string course, and two coats of arms of the Da Lezze family are also present on the facade. The most interesting element of the composition is the quadrifora on the first noble floor, decorated by a projected balcony, columns, elaborate shelves, and zoomorphic figures. The arched water portal is designed in Renaissance forms and disagrees with the overall Gothic ensemble. The facade also offers a large and recent dormer window—a symptom of a rear extension that added terraces above the roof.

The rear facade overlooks a large garden and is decorated with zoomorphic paterae. It has two central triforas surrounded by single-light windows.

## InfoBox

| Palazzo Erizzo Nani Mocenigo | |
| --- | --- |
| Palazzo Erizzo Nani Mocenigo | |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Type | Residential |
| Architectural style | Gothic |
| Address | San Marco district |
| Town or city | Venice |
| Country | Italy |
| Coordinates | 45°26′04.42″N 12°19′40.19″E / 45.4345611°N 12.3278306°E / 45.4345611; 12.3278306 |
| Construction started | 1470 |
| Construction stopped | 1480 |
| Technical details | |
| Floor count | 3 levels |


title: The Google Book

abstract: The Google Book is an illustrated book of children's verse by Vincent Cartwright Vickers.

text:
# The Google Book

***The Google Book*** is an illustrated book of children's verse by Vincent Cartwright Vickers.

## The original 1913 limited edition

Originally published in 1913 by J. & E. Bumpus, Limited, London, at Vickers' expense in a limited edition of 100 copies. The book has surrealist illustrations of various imaginary birds, such as the Poggle and the Swank, alongside short poems about them. The Google of the title is a strange creature that lives in a pool in a beautiful garden and at night prowls the land where the birds live.

## The 1931 trade edition

This was issued in a trade edition by the Medici Society in London in 1931. 'This version was a selection of the original poems and images, losing eight spreads'

## The 1979 edition

This was published by Oxford University Press in 1979. This slimmed down version removed a further three images.

## The 2019 expanded edition

The book was published again in 2019 by Ecen Books. This version contains more illustrations than any earlier version. Research for this version was carried out by Andrew Brain and Gareth Monger. Additional images and verses not used in previous editions were included in this expanded version. The foreword was written by V. C. Vickers' grandson, James Campbell (potter) (1942–2019) on 5 October 2019. He died two months later.

The coincidence of the name being the same as Google, the well-known internet corporation, has stimulated comment.

## About the author

Vincent Cartwright Vickers (16 January 1879 – 3 November 1939) was an English economist, Deputy Lieutenant of the City of London, director of Vickers Limited and London Assurance. His father was Albert Vickers. He was educated at the Eton and Magdalen College, in Oxford. In 1905 he married 1. Maurice Kerr-Clerk (died 1989), 2. Nannetie Leslie. He had two sons and four daughters. Between 1910 and 1919 he was a Governor of the Bank of England, and later became President of the Economic Reform Club and Institute (ECRI).

He also worked as a humorist and artist. He wrote and illustrated *The Google Book* published in 1913 while serving as a governor of the Bank of England. A grandson, James Campbell (potter), wrote the foreword to the 2019 expanded version of *The Google Book*.


# List of members of the National Assembly (South Korea), 1973–1979

This is a list of members of the 9th National Assembly of South Korea which sat from 12 March 1973 until 11 March 1979.

## Members elected in the 1973 election

| Province/city | Constituency | Member | Party | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Seoul | Jongno–Jung | Jang Gi-yeong |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | | Jeong Il-hyeong |  | New Democratic Party |
| | Dongdaemun | Gang Sang-uk |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Song Won-yeong |  | New Democratic Party |
| | Seongdong | Min Byeong-gi |  | New Democratic Party |
| | Jeong Un-gap |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Seongbuk | Go Heung-mun |  | New Democratic Party |
| | Jeong Rae-hyeok |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Seodaemun | Kim Jae-gwang |  | Independent |
| | O Yu-bang |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Mapo–Yongsan | Kim Won-man |  | New Democratic Party |
| | No Seung-hwan |  | New Democratic Party |
| | Yeongdeungpo A | Kim Su-han |  | New Democratic Party |
| | Jeong Hui-seop |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Yeongdeungpo B | Park Han-sang |  | New Democratic Party |
| | Gang Byeong-gyu |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| Busan | Jung–Yeongdo | Kim Sang-jin |  | New Democratic Party |
| | | Sin Gi-seok |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Seo–Dong | Kim Young-sam |  | New Democratic Party |
| | Park Chan-jong |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Busanjin | Jeong Hae-yeong |  | New Democratic Party |
| | Kim Im-sik |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Dongnae | Yang Chan-u |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Lee Gi-taek |  | New Democratic Party |
| Gyeonggi Province | Incheon | Kim Eun-ha |  | New Democratic Party |
| | | Ryu Seung-won |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Suwon–Hwaseong | Lee Byeong-hui |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Kim Hyeong-il |  | New Democratic Party |
| | Uijeongbu–Yangju–Paju | Park Myeong-geun |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Lee Jin-yong |  | Independent |
| | Yeoju–Gwangju–Icheon | Cha Ji-cheol |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | O Se-eung |  | New Democratic Party |
| | Pyeongtaek–Yongin–Anseong | Yu Chi-song |  | New Democratic Party |
| | Seo Sang-rin |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Siheung–Bucheon–Yongjin | Lee Taek-don |  | New Democratic Party |
| | O Hak-jin |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Goyang–Gimpo–Ganghwa | Kim Jae-chun |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Kim Yu-tak |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Yeoncheon–Pocheon–Gapyeong–Yangpyeong | Kim Yong-chae |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Cheon Myeong-gi |  | New Democratic Party |
| Gangwon Province | Chuncheon–Chunseong–Cheolwon–Hwacheon–Yanggu | Son Seung-deok |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | | Hong Chang-seop |  | Independent |
| | Wonju–Wonseong–Hongcheon–Hoeseong | Park Yeong-rok |  | New Democratic Party |
| | Kim Yong-ho |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Kangneung–Myeongju–Samcheok | Kim Hyo-yeong |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Kim Myeong-yun |  | New Democratic Party |
| | Sokcho–Yangyang–Inje–Goseong | Jeong Il-gwon |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Kim In-gi |  | Independent |
| | Yeongwol–Pyeongchang–Jeongseon | Eom Yeong-dal |  | New Democratic Party |
| | Jang Seung-tae |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| North Chungcheong Province | Cheongju–Cheongwon | Min Gi-sik |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | | Lee Min-u |  | New Democratic Party |
| | Chungju–Jungwon–Jecheon–Danyang | Lee Jong-geun |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Lee Hae-won |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Boeun–Okcheon–Yeongdong | Yuk In-su |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Lee Yong-hui |  | Independent |
| | Jincheon–Gwisan–Eumseong | Lee Chung-hwan |  | New Democratic Party |
| | Kim Won-tae |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| South Chungcheong Province | Daejeon | Kim Yong-tae |  | New Democratic Party |
| | | Im Ho |  | Independent |
| | Cheonan–Cheonwon–Asan | Kim Jong-cheol |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Hwang Myeong-su |  | New Democratic Party |
| | Geumsan–Daedeok–Yeongi | Yu Chin-san |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Kim Je-won |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Nonsan–Gongju | Park Chan |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Lee Byeong-ju |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Buyeo–Seocheon–Boryeong | Kim Ok-seon |  | New Democratic Party |
| | Kim Jong-ik |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Cheongyang–Hongseong–Yesan | Jang Yeong-sun |  | New Democratic Party |
| | Han Geon-su |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Seosan–Dangjin | Han Yeong-su |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Yu Je-yeon |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| North Jeolla Province | Jeonju–Wanju | Lee Cheol-seung |  | New Democratic Party |
| | | Ryu Gi-jeong |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Gunsan–Okgu–Iri–Iksan | Chae Yeong-cheol |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Kim Hyeon-gi |  | New Democratic Party |
| | Jinan–Muju–Jangsu | Choi Seong-seok |  | New Democratic Party |
| | Kim Gwang-su |  | Independent |
| | Imsil–Namwon–Sunchang | Son Ju-hang |  | Independent |
| | Yang Hae-jun |  | New Democratic Party |
| | Jeongeup–Gimje | Kim Taek-ha |  | Independent |
| | Jang Gyeong-sun |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Gochang–Buan | Lee Byeong-ok |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Jin Ui-jong |  | Independent |
| South Jeolla Province | Gwangju | Kim Nok-yeong |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | | Park Cheol |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Mokpo–Muan–Sinan | Gang Gi-cheon |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Kim Gyeong-in |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Yeosu–Yeocheon–Gwangyang | Park Byeong-hyo |  | New Democratic Party |
| | Kim Sang-yeong |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Suncheon–Gurye–Seungju | Park Sam-cheol |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Gang Gil-man |  | Independent |
| | Naju–Gwangsan | Lim In-chae |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Kim Yun-deok |  | New Democratic Party |
| | Damyang–Gokseong–Hwasun | Mun Hyeong-tae |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Go Jae-cheong |  | New Democratic Party |
| | Goheung–Boseong | Shin Hyeong-sik |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Lee Jung-jae |  | New Democratic Party |
| | Jangheung–Gangjin–Yeongam–Wando | Kil Jeon-sik |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Hwang Ho-dong |  | New Democratic Party |
| | Haenam–Jindo | Lim Chung-sik |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Park Gwi-su |  | Independent |
| | Yeonggwang–Hampyeong–Jangseong | Yun In-sik |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Lee Jin-yeon |  | New Democratic Party |
| North Gyeongsang Province | Jung–Seo–Buk, Daegu | Park Chan |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | | Han Byeong-chae |  | Independent |
| | Dong–Nam, Daegu | Lee Hyo-sang |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Sin Do-hwan |  | New Democratic Party |
| | Pohang–Yeongil–Ulleung–Yeongcheon | Jeong Mu-sik |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Gwon O-tae |  | Independent |
| | Gyeongju–Wolseong–Cheongdo | Park Suk-hyeon |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Lee Yeong-pyo |  | Independent |
| | Gimcheon–Geumneung–Sangju | Kim Yun-ha |  | Independent |
| | Baek Nam-eok |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Andong City–Andong County–Uiseong | Kim Sang-nyeon |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Park Hae-chung |  | New Democratic Party |
| | Dalseong–Gyeongsan–Goryeong | Park Jun-gyu |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Park Ju-hyeon |  | Independent |
| | Gunwi–Seongju–Seonsan–Chilgok | Sin Hyeon-hwak |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Kim Chang-hwan |  | New Democratic Party |
| | Yeongdok–Cheongsong–Uljin | Mun Tae-jun |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | O Jun-seok |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Yeongyang–Yeongju–Bonghwa | Park Yong-man |  | New Democratic Party |
| | Gwon Seong-gi |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Mungyeong–Yecheon | Chae Mun-sik |  | New Democratic Party |
| | Hwang Jae-hong |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| South Gyeongsang Province | Masan–Jinhae–Changwon | Lee Do-hwan |  | New Democratic Party |
| | | Hwang Nak-ju |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Jinju–Jinyang–Samcheonpo–Sacheon | Choi Se-gyeong |  | New Democratic Party |
| | Jeong Heon-ju |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Chungmu–Tongyeong–Geoje–Goseong | Kim Ju-in |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Choi Jae-gu |  | New Democratic Party |
| | Ulsan–Ulju–Dongnae | Kim Won-gyu |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Choi Hyeong-u |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Uiryeong–Haman–Hapcheon | Lee Sang-cheol |  | New Democratic Party |
| | Lee Sang-sin |  | New Democratic Party |
| | Milyang–Changnyeong | Park Il |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Seong Nak-hyeon |  | New Democratic Party |
| | Yangsan–Gimhae | Sin Sang-u |  | New Democratic Party |
| | Kim Yeong-byeong |  | New Democratic Party |
| | Namhae–Hadong | Sin Dong-gwan |  | New Democratic Party |
| | Mun Bu-sik |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Sancheong–Hamyang–Geochang | Jeong U-sik |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | Kim Dong-yeong |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| Jeju Province | Jeju–Bukjeju–Namjeju | Hong Byeong-cheol |  | Democratic Republican Party |
| | | Yang Jeong-gyu |  | Independent |

## Presidential appointees

### Appointed in 1973

The following were appointed on 7 March 1973 for a term that ends in 1976:

| Member | Party | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Gal Bong-geun |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Gang Mun-bong |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Gang Mun-yong |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Go Jae-pil |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Gu Beom-mo |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Gu Im-hoe |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Gu Tae-hoe |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Gwon Gap-ju |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Gwon Il |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Gwon Hyo-seop |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Kim Gi-hyeong |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Kim Dong-uk |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Kim Myeong-hoe |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Kim Bong-hwan |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Kim Sam-bong |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Kim Seong-du |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Kim Seong-rak |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Kim Seong-ju |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Kim Se-ryeon |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Kim Yeong-do |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Kim Ok-ja |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Kim Yong-seong |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Kim Jae-gyu |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Kim Jae-sun |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Kim Jong-pil |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Kim Jin-man |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Kim Jin-bong |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Kim Chang-gyu |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Kim Tae-gyu |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| No Jin-hwan |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Mun Tae-gap |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Min Byeong-gwon |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Park Jeong-ja |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Paik Too-chin |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Seo Byeong-gyun |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Seo Yeong-hui |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Seo In-seok |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Song Ho-rim |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| An Jong-yeol |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| An Chun-saeng |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Eom Gyeong-seop |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| O Jeong-geun |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| O Ju-hwan |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Yu Min-sang |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Yun Tae-il |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Lee Do-seon |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Lee Beom-jun |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Lee Seong-ga |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Lee Suk-jong |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Lee Yeong-geun |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Lee Jong-sik |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Lee Jin-hui |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Lee Hae-rang |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Im Sam |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Jang Dong-sik |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Jang Jun-han |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Jang Chang-guk |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Jeon Jae-gu |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Jeong Gwang-ho |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Jeong Bok-hyang |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Jeong Jae-ho |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Ju Yeong-gwan |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Ji Jong-geol |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Choi Yeong-cheol |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Choi Yeong-hui |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Choi Yong-su |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Han Tae-yeon |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Ham Myeong-su |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Ham Jae-hun |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Ham Jong-bin |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Heo Mu-in |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Hyeon O-bong |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Hwang Chang-ju |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |

### Appointed in 1976

The following were appointed on 16 February 1976 for a term that ends in 1979:

| Member | Party | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Gal Bong-geun |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Gang Mun-bong |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Gang Mun-yong |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Go Jae-pil |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Gu Beom-mo |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Gu Tae-hoe |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Gwon Gap-ju |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Gwon Il |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Gwon Chung-dong |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Gwon Hyo-seop |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Kim Gi-hyeong |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Kim Do-chang |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Kim Dong-seong |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Kim Myeong-hoe |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Kim Sam-bong |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Kim Seong-yong |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Kim Se-ryeon |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Kim Se-bae |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Kim Sin |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Kim Yeong-do |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Kim Yong-seong |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Kim Ik-jun |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Kim Jong-pil |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Kim Jin-bok |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Kim Jin-bong |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Kim Chang-gyu |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Kim Chung-su |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Nam Sang-don |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| No Jin-hwan |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Mun Tae-gap |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Min Byeong-gwon |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Park Dong-myo |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Park Jeong-ja |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Park Chan-hyeon |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Paik Too-chin |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Paek Yeong-hun |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Seo Yeong-hui |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Seo In-seok |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Song Ho-rim |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Song Hyo-sun |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Sin Gwang-sun |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Sin Beom-sik |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Sin Sang-cho |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| An Jong-yeol |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| An Chun-saeng |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| O Jeong-geun |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Yun Yeo-hun |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Yun Ju-yeong |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Yun Tae-il |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Lee Do-seon |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Lee Beom-jun |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Lee Seong-geun |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Lee Suk-jong |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Lee Seung-bok |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Lee Seung-yun |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Lee Yeong-geun |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Lee Jeong-sik |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Lee Jong-sik |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Lee Jong-chan |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Lee Jin-hui |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Jang Dong-sik |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Jeon Bu-il |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Jeon Jae-gu |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Jeong Il-yeong |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Jeong Jae-ho |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Ju Yeong-gwan |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Ji Jong-geol |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Choi Yeong-cheol |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Choi Yeong-hui |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Choi U-geun |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Han Tae-yeon |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Ham Myeong-su |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |
| Hyeon O-bong |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association |

## Changes in membership

| Date | Constituency | Incumbent | Party | | New member | Party | | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 18 June 1973 | Uiryeong–Haman–Hapcheon, South Gyeongsang Province | Lee Sang-cheol |  | Democratic Republican | *Seat remained vacant* | | | Incumbent died on 18 June 1973. No by-election held. |
| 19 December 1973 | Presidential appointees | Kim Jae-gyu |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association | Song Hyo-sun |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association | Incumbent resigned on 19 December 1973 upon appointment as Minister of Construction; replaced by the next member in the list of presidential appointees. |
| 31 December 1973 | Daejeon, South Chungcheong Province | Im Ho |  | Independent | Park Byeong-bae |  | Democratic Republican | Incumbent's election as the second member for the constituency invalidated on 28 December 1973 after a recount. Third-place candidate declared as the second-place winner in the 1973 election. |
| 29 January 1974 | Haenam–Jindo, South Jeolla Province | Lim Chung-sik |  | Democratic Republican | *Seat remained vacant* | | | Incumbent died on 29 January 1974. No by-election held. |
| 28 April 1974 | Geumsan–Daedeok–Yeongi, South Chungcheong Province | Yu Chin-san |  | New Democratic | *Seat remained vacant* | | | Incumbent died on 28 April 1974. No by-election held. |
| 20 August 1974 | Yeoju–Gwangju–Icheon, Gyeonggi Province | Cha Ji-cheol |  | Democratic Republican | *Seat remained vacant* | | | Incumbent resigned on 20 August 1974 upon appointment as chief of the Presidential Security Service. No by-election held. |
| 4 December 1974 | Presidential appointees | Heo Mu-in |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association | Kim Chung-su |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association | Incumbent died on 4 December 1974; replaced by the next member in the list of presidential appointees. |
| 13 October 1975 | Buyeo–Seocheon–Boryeong, South Chungcheong Province | Kim Ok-seon |  | New Democratic | *Seat remained vacant* | | | Incumbent resigned on 13 October 1975. No by-election held. |
| 1 December 1975 | Presidential appointees | Lee Seong-ga |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association | Lee Seung-bok |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association | Incumbent died on 1 December 1975; replaced by the next member in the list of presidential appointees. |
| 12 January 1976 | Presidential appointees | Kim Seong-ju |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association | Nam Sang-don |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association | Incumbent resigned on 12 January 1976 upon appointment as commissioner general of the National Security Headquarters on 12 January 1976; replaced by the next member in the list of presidential appointees. |
| 25 August 1976 | Presidential appointees | Gang Mun-bong |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association | Byeon U-ryang |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association | Incumbent resigned on 15 August 1976; replaced by the next member in the list of presidential appointees. |
| 10 June 1977 | Jongno–Jung, Seoul | Jang Gi-yeong |  | Democratic Republican | O Je-do |  | Independent | Incumbent died on 11 April 1977. New member by-elected. |
| | | Jeong Il-hyeong |  | New Democratic | Jeong Dae-cheol |  | Independent | Incumbent died on 22 March 1977. New member by-elected. |
| 27 December 1977 | Presidential appointees | Ji Jong-geol |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association | Ma Dal-cheon |  | Yushin Political Comrades Association | Incumbent resigned on 27 December 1977; replaced by the next member in the list of presidential appointees. |
| 3 June 1978 | Suwon–Hwaseong, Gyeonggi Province | Kim Hyeong-il |  | New Democratic | *Seat remained vacant* | | | Incumbent died on 3 June 1978. No by-election held. |
| 19 July 1978 | Sokcho–Yangyang–Inje–Goseong, Gangwon Province | Kim In-gi |  | New Democratic (elected as Independent) | *Seat remained vacant* | | | Incumbent resigned on 19 July 1978. No by-election held. |
| 28 July 1978 | Milyang–Changnyeong, South Gyeongsang Province | Seong Nak-hyeon |  | Democratic Republican | *Seat remained vacant* | | | Incumbent resigned on 28 July 1978. No by-election held. |
| 1 November 1978 | Cheonan–Cheonwon–Asan, South Chungcheong Province | Hwang Myeong-su |  | New Democratic | *Seat remained vacant* | | | Incumbent resigned on 1 November 1978. No by-election held. |
| 19 February 1979 | Jinju–Jinyang–Samcheonpo–Sacheon, South Gyeongsang Province | Choi Se-gyeong |  | Democratic Republican | *Seat remained vacant* | | | Incumbent resigned on 19 February 1979. No by-election held. |

1. "Past Members". National Assembly. Retrieved 20 July 2022.


title: Phosphopeptide

abstract: Phosphopeptides are modified self antigens which may induce an immune response. Protein phosphorylation is a very important and frequent post-translational modification that can impact a protein's localization, stability, and whether or not it can dimerize or form stable bonds with other substances. It is vital to pinpoint which amino acid in the protein’s primary structure is being phosphorylated in order to understand the functions of a phosphopeptide. This is accomplished through phosphopeptide mapping, which involves digestion of a radioactively labeled protein, separation of phosphopeptide products, and finally analysis via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or mass spectrometry. Analysis of phosphopeptides can provide information about which amino acids are phosphorylated and how many sites on the primary sequence are phosphorylated. Phosphorylation of serine and threonine residues is conserved during MHC class I and MHC class II antigen processing. Phosphopeptides are thus displayed on the surface of cells. As modified self antigens, they are potentially immunogenic when compared to unmodified self proteins as the immune cells (T-cells) which recognise them are possibly not subject to central tolerance mechanisms. This may contribute to the potential capability of phosophopeptides to serve as tumor antigens in the treatment of colorectal cancer.

text:
# Phosphopeptide

**Phosphopeptides** are modified self antigens which may induce an immune response.

Protein phosphorylation is a very important and frequent post-translational modification that can impact a protein's localization, stability, and whether or not it can dimerize or form stable bonds with other substances. It is vital to pinpoint which amino acid in the protein’s primary structure is being phosphorylated in order to understand the functions of a phosphopeptide. This is accomplished through phosphopeptide mapping, which involves digestion of a radioactively labeled protein, separation of phosphopeptide products, and finally analysis via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or mass spectrometry. Analysis of phosphopeptides can provide information about which amino acids are phosphorylated and how many sites on the primary sequence are phosphorylated.

Phosphorylation of serine and threonine residues is conserved during MHC class I and MHC class II antigen processing. Phosphopeptides are thus displayed on the surface of cells. As modified self antigens, they are potentially immunogenic when compared to unmodified self proteins as the immune cells (T-cells) which recognise them are possibly not subject to central tolerance mechanisms. This may contribute to the potential capability of phosophopeptides to serve as tumor antigens in the treatment of colorectal cancer.

1. Meisenhelder, Jill; Hunter, Tony; Geer, Peter (December 1999). "Phosphopeptide Mapping and Identification of Phosphorylation Sites". *Current Protocols in Protein Science*. **18** (1): Unit13.9. doi:10.1002/0471140864.ps1309s18. ISSN 1934-3655. PMID 18429120. S2CID 9052924.
2. Penny, S; Abelin, J; Saeed, A; Malaker, S; Trantham, P; Shabanowitz, J; Ward, S; Hunt, D; Cobbold, M (2016). "Phosphopeptides as novel tumour antigens in colorectal cancer". *European Journal of Cancer*. **61**: S213. doi:10.1016/S0959-8049(16)61751-3.