title: Second Battle of Habbaniyah

abstract: The Second Battle of Habbaniyah was a U.S. military operation involving in Iraq the United States Marine Corps' 3rd Battalion, 2nd Marine Regiment, 2nd Marine Division, operating under the command of Regimental Combat Team 5. The battle took place between August 17, 2006 and February 14, 2007.

text:
# Second Battle of Habbaniyah

The **Second Battle of Habbaniyah** was a U.S. military operation involving in Iraq the United States Marine Corps' 3rd Battalion, 2nd Marine Regiment, 2nd Marine Division, operating under the command of Regimental Combat Team 5. The battle took place between August 17, 2006 and February 14, 2007.

## Background

Eastern Anbar Province, particularly the cities of Fallujah and Ramadi, had been a hotbed of anti-western sentiment and insurgent activity since the conquest of the country by the Coalition in March and April 2003. Operation Iraqi Freedom had liberated the country from the despotism of the Hussein administration, but for the Sunni Muslims of Al Anbar Province, Saddam's fall left them without the power they had accumulated through the Ba'ath Party. Soon after the fall of Baghdad, unrest in the west led Al Qaeda Iraq to designate the 30-kilometer corridor between the provincial cities as a potential stronghold. Despite multiple major operations in the region by US forces, notably Operation Phantom Fury in 2004, Ramadi and Fallujah remained among the hottest war zones in the world from 2004 through 2007.

The Marine Corps' 2nd Division deployed their 3rd Battalion, 2nd Regiment to Iraq in July 2006. Lt. Col. Todd Desgrosseilliers, commanding the unit of around 850 Marines, was a veteran of fighting in Fallujah, where he was awarded a Silver Star. 3/2, known as the Betio Bastards, comprised three infantry "line" companies, one heavy weapons company (including a scout sniper section) and a HQ company (including Communications and Motor Transport sections). AQI in early 2006 was led by Abu Ayyub al-Masri; their strength was unknown but estimated as between 1000–3000.

## The Battle

U.S. Marines of the 3rd Battalion, 2nd Marine Division, swept through urban sprawl between Ramadi and Fallujah in a series of operations (i.e. Operations RUBICON and SIDEWINDER), disrupting flow of Al-Qaeda and Sunni insurgents into both cities, and killing and capturing over 300 insurgents. Action centered around Kilo Company, nicknamed "Voodoo", in the towns of Husaybah, Bidimnah, and Julaybah on the outskirts of Ramadi. Kilo Marines killed or captured 137 insurgents; 4 Marines were killed in action, and 17 were wounded. Within Kilo itself, the squad most affected was "Voodoo Mobile", the vehicle-mounted element of the unit's HQ section. Of its 16 members, 12 were wounded and 3 were killed between September and November 2006.

During the seven-month deployment, fighting between Al-Qaeda and the Marines was largely sporadic but intense. While only a handful of large-scale firefights developed - mostly in the suburbs of Ramadi between Habbaniyah and Julaybah - contact between the two sides was nearly continuous. Kilo Company officers reported sniper fire on a daily basis, as well as IED strikes on over 200 of the over 250 vehicle patrols they mounted.

Operations consisted of a mixed array of company-scale urban "sweep-and-clear" operations, census and suppression patrols, and static, fortified area-denial positions. The battalion was spread out along a 30 kilometer front from the western fringes of Fallujah to the eastern boundary of Ramadi.

During the battle, 14 Marines from the 3rd Battalion, 2nd Marines were killed and at least 123 were wounded. 12 of the 14 were killed by IED strikes, while the other two suffered mortal wounds from sniper fire.

## Aftermath

After action reports from 3/2's command structure indicate that while they were highly successful in individual engagements, and that the pre-deployment desert warfare training was invaluable (see Mojave Viper), long-term success was beyond their grasp. Tactically, the Marines had dominated the battlespace and done massive damage to AQI's ability to push fighters into the strategically critical cities of Ramadi and Fallujah; however, they were unable to sway the support of the local populace to the side of the Coalition. In addition, the lull in attacks during the changeover between 3/2 and their replacements in February led to a relaxing of vigilance among the Pendleton unit, causing further significant casualties among the Marines in Habbaniyah later that year.

### Notes

### Citations

## InfoBox

| Second Battle of Habbaniyah | |
| --- | --- |
| Part of the Iraqi insurgency (2003–11) | |
|
Kilo 3/2 prior to initial combat operations in August 2006. | |
| Date August 17, 2006 – February 14, 2007
(5 months and 4 weeks)  Location Habbaniyah, Iraq  Result  U.S. victory | |
| Belligerents | |
| United States | Al-Qaeda in Iraq |
| Commanders and leaders | |
| Lt. Col. Todd Desgrosseilliers | Abu Ayyub al-Masri
Abu Omar al-Baghdadi |
| Units involved | |
| United States Marine Corps | No specific units |
| Strength | |
| 852 | Unknown |
| Casualties and losses | |
| 14 killed, 123 wounded | 37 killed, 300+ wounded, 300+ captured |


abstract: The Writers Guild Award for Best Written Drama was an award presented from 1949 to 1984 by the Writers Guild of America, after which it was discontinued.

text:
# Writers Guild of America Award for Best Written Drama

The **Writers Guild Award for Best Written Drama** was an award presented from 1949 to 1984 by the Writers Guild of America, after which it was discontinued.

## Winners & Nominees

### Notes

* The year indicates when the film was released. The awards were presented the following year.

### 1940s

| Year | Film | Writer(s) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1948 (1st) | ***The Snake Pit*** | **Frank Partos and Millen Brand** |
| | *All My Sons* | Chester Erskine |
| | *Another Part of the Forest* | Vladimir Pozner |
| | *Berlin Express* | Harold Medford |
| | Call Northside 777 | Jerome Cady, and Jay Dratler |
| | Command Decision | William R. Laidlaw, and George Froeschel |
| | *I Remember Mama* | Dewitt Bodeen |
| | *Johnny Belinda* | Irma von Cube, and Allen Vincent |
| | *Key Largo* | Richard Brooks, and John Huston |
| | *Sorry, Wrong Number* | Lucille Fletcher |
| | *The Naked City* | Albert Maltz, and Malvin Wald |
| | *The Treasure of the Sierra Madre* | John Huston |
| 1949 (2nd) | ***All the King's Men*** | **Robert Rossen** |
| | *Battleground* | Robert Pirosh |
| | *Champion* | Carl Foreman |
| | *Intruder in the Dust* | Ben Maddow |
| | *The Hasty Heast* | Ranald MacDougall |
| | *The Heiress* | Ruth Goetz, and Augustus Goetz |
| | *The Window* | Mel Dinelli |
|

### 1950s

| Year | Film | Writer(s) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1950 (3rd) | ***Sunset Boulevard*** | **Charles Brackett, Billy Wilder, and D.M. Marshman Jr.** |
| | *All About Eve* | Joseph L. Mankiewicz |
| | *Panic in the Streets* | Richard Murphy |
| | *The Asphalt Jungle* | Ben Maddow, and John Huston |
| | *The Men* | Carl Foreman |
| 1951 (4th) | ***A Place in the Sun*** | **Michael Wilson and Harry Brown** |
| | *A Streetcar Named Desire* | Tennessee Williams |
| | *Death of a Salesman* | Stanley Roberts |
| | *Detective Story* | Philip Yordan, and Robert Wyler |
| | *Fourteen Hours* | John Paxton |
| 1952 (5th) | ***High Noon*** | **Carl Foreman** |
| | *5 Fingers* | Michael Wilson |
| | *Come Back, Little Sheba* | Ketti Frings |
| | *Moulin Rouge* | Anthony Veiller, and John Huston |
| | *The Bad and the Beautiful* | Charles Schnee |
| 1953 (6th) | ***From Here to Eternity*** | **Daniel Taradash** |
| | *Above and Beyond* | Melvin Frank, Norman Panama, and Beirne Lay Jr. |
| | *Little Fugitive* | Ray Ashley |
| | *Martin Luther* | Allan Sloane, and Lothar Wolff |
| | *Shane* | A. B. Guthrie Jr. |
| 1954 (7th) | ***On the Waterfront*** | **Budd Schulberg** |
| | *Executive Suite* | Ernest Lehman |
| | *Rear Window* | John Michael Hayes |
| | *The Barefoot Contessa* | Joseph L. Mankiewicz |
| | *The Country Girl* | George Seaton |
| 1955 (8th) | ***Marty*** | **Paddy Chayefsky** |
| | *Bad Day at Black Rock* | Millard Kaufman |
| | *Blackboard Jungle* | Richard Brooks |
| | *East of Eden* | Paul Osborn |
| | *Picnic* | Daniel Taradash |
| 1956 (9th) | ***Friendly Persuasion*** | **Michael Wilson** |
| | *Baby Doll* | Tennessee Williams |
| | *Giant* | Fred Guiol, and Ivan Moffat |
| | *Somebody Up There Likes Me* | Ernest Lehman |
| | *The Rainmaker* | N. Richard Nash |
| 1957 (10th) | ***12 Angry Men*** | **Reginald Rose** |
| | *Heaven Knows, Mr. Allison* | John Lee Mahin, and John Huston |
| | *Paths of Glory* | Stanley Kubrick, Calder Willingham, and Jim Thompson |
| | *Peyton Place* | John Michael Hayes |
| | *Sayonara* | Paul Osborn |
| 1958 (11th) | ***The Defiant Ones*** | **Harold Jacob Smith, and Nedrick Young** |
| | *Cat on a Hot Tin Roof* | Richard Brooks, and James Poe |
| | *I Want to Live!* | Nelson Gidding, and Don Mankiewicz |
| | *Separate Tables* | Terence Rattigan, and John Gay |
| | *The Long, Hot Summer* | Irving Ravetch, and Harriet Frank Jr. |
| 1959 (12th) | ***The Diary of Anne Frank*** | **Frances Goodrich, and Albert Hackett** |
| | *Anatomy of a Murder* | Wendell Mayes |
| | *Ben-Hur* | Karl Tunberg |
| | *Compulsion* | Richard Murphy |
| | *The Nun's Story* | Robert Anderson |
| |

### 1960s

| Year | Film | Writer(s) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1960 (13th) | ***Elmer Gantry*** | **Richard Brooks** |
| | *Sons and Lovers* | Gavin Lambert, and T.E.B. Clarke |
| | *Psycho* | Joseph Stefano |
| | *Spartacus* | Dalton Trumbo |
| | *The Sundowners* | Isobel Lennart |
| 1961 (14th) | ***The Hustler*** | **Sidney Carroll, and Robert Rossen** |
| | *A Raisin in the Sun* | Lorraine Hansberry |
| | *Fanny* | Julius J. Epstein |
| | *Judgment at Nuremberg* | Abby Mann |
| | *The Innocents* | William Archibald, and Truman Capote |
| 1962 (15th) | ***To Kill a Mockingbird*** | **Horton Foote** |
| | *Billy Budd* | Peter Ustinov, and DeWitt Bodeen |
| | *Birdman of Alcatraz* | Guy Trosper |
| | *Freud* | Charles Kaufman, and Wolfgang Reinhardt |
| | *The Miracle Worker* | William Gibson |
| 1963 (16th) | ***Hud*** | **Harriet Frank Jr., and Irving Ravetch** |
| | *America America* | Elia Kazan |
| | *Captain Newman, M.D.* | Richard L. Breen, Phoebe Ephron, and Henry Ephron |
| | *The Balcony* | Ben Maddow |
| | *The Great Escape* | James Clavell, and W.R. Burnett |
| | *The Ugly American* | Stewart Stern |
| 1964 (17th) | ***Becket*** | **Edward Anhalt** |
| | *One Potato, Two Potato* | Raphael Hayes, and Orville H. Hampton |
| | *Seven Days in May* | Rod Serling |
| | *The Best Man* | Gore Vidal |
| | *The Night of the Iguana* | Anthony Veiller, and John Huston |
| 1965 (18th) | ***The Pawnbroker*** | **Morton S. Fine** |
| | *A Patch of Blue* | Guy Green |
| | *The Spy Who Came in from the Cold* | Paul Dehn, and Guy Trosper |
| | *The Collector* | Stanley Mann, and John Kohn |
| | *Ship of Fools* | Abby Mann |
| 1966 (19th) | ***Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?*** | **Ernest Lehman** |
| | *Harper* | William Goldman |
| | *The Professionals* | Richard Brooks |
| | *The Sand Pebbles* | Robert Anderson |
| 1967 (20th) | ***Bonnie and Clyde*** | **Robert Benton, and David Newman** |
| | *Guess Who's Coming to Dinner* | William Rose |
| | *In Cold Blood* | Richard Brooks |
| | *In the Heat of the Night* | Stirling Silliphant |
| | *Up the Down Staircase* | Tad Mosel |
| 1968 (21st) | ***The Lion in Winter*** | **James Goldman** |
| | *Petulia* | Lawrence B. Marcus |
| | *Rachel, Rachel* | Stewart Stern |
| | *Rosemary's Baby* | Roman Polanski |
| | *The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter* | Thomas C. Ryan |
| 1969
(22nd) | Best Drama Adapted from Another Medium | |
| | ***Midnight Cowboy*** | **Waldo Salt** |
| | *Anne of the Thousand Days* | John Hale, and Bridget Boland |
| | *The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie* | Jay Presson Allen |
| | *They Shoot Horses, Don't They?* | James Poe, and Robert E. Thompson |
| | *True Grit* | Marguerite Roberts |
| | Best Drama Written Directly for the Screen | |
| | ***Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid*** | **William Goldman** |
| | *Alice's Restaurant* | Venable Herndon, and Arthur Penn |
| | *Downhill Racer* | James Salter |
| | *Easy Rider* | Peter Fonda, Dennis Hopper, and Terry Southern |
| | *Me, Natalie* | A. Martin Zwelback |
|

### 1970s

| Year | Film | Writer(s) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1970
(23rd) | Best Drama Adapted from Another Medium | |
| | ***I Never Sang for My Father*** | **Robert Anderson** |
| | *Airport* | George Seaton |
| | *Catch-22* | Buck Henry |
| | *Little Big Man* | Calder Willingham |
| | *The Great White Hope* | Howard Sackler |
| | Best Drama Written Directly for the Screen | |
| | ***Patton*** | **Francis Ford Coppola and Edmund H. North** |
| | *Five Easy pieces* | Carole Eastman (As Adrien Joyce) |
| | *Love Story* | Erich segal |
| 1971
(24th) | Best Drama Adapted from Another Medium | |
| | ***The French Connection*** | **Ernest Tidyman** |
| | *A Clockwork Orange* | Stanley Kubrick |
| | *Johnny Got His Gun* | Dalton Trumbo |
| | *McCabe & Mrs. Miller* | Robert Altman, and Brian McKay |
| | *The Last Picture Show* | Larry McMurtry, and Peter Bodganovich |
| | Best Drama Written Directly for the Screen | |
| | ***Sunday Bloody Sunday*** | **Penelope Gilliatt** |
| | *Klute* | Andy Lewis, and David E. Lewis |
| | *Summer of '42* | Hernan Raucher |
| | *The Hellstrom Chronicle* | David Seltzer |
| 1972
(25th) | Best Drama Adapted from Another Medium | |
| | ***The Godfather*** | **Mario Puzo, and Francis Ford Coppola** |
| | *Deliverance* | James Dickley |
| | *Pete 'n' Tillie* | Julius J. Epstein |
| | *Slaughterhouse-Five* | Stephen Geller |
| | *Sounder* | Lonne Elder III |
| | Best Drama Written Directly for the Screen | |
| | ***The Candidate*** | **Jeremy Larner** |
| | *Bad Company* | David Newman, and Robert Benton |
| | *Images* | Robert Altman |
| | *The Culpepper Cattle Co.* | Eric Bercovici, and Gregory Prentiss |
| | *The Great Northfield, Minnesota Raid* | Philip Kaufman |
| 1973
(26th) | Best Drama Adapted from Another Medium | |
| | ***Serpico*** | **Waldo Salt, and Norman Wexler** |
| | *Cinderella Liberty* | Darryl Ponicsan |
| | *The Exorcist* | William Peter Blatty |
| | *The Last Detail* | Robert Towne |
| | *The Paper Chase* | James Bridges |
| | Best Drama Written Directly for the Screen | |
| | ***Save the Tiger*** | **Steve Shagan** |
| | *Mean Streets* | Martin Scorsese, and Mardik Martin |
| | *Payday* | Don Carpenter |
| | *The Sting* | David S. Ward |
| | *The Way We Were* | Arthur Laurents |
| 1974
(27th) | Best Drama Adapted from Another Medium | |
| | ***The Godfather Part II*** | **Francis Ford Coppola, and Mario Puzo** |
| | *Conrack* | Irving Ravetch, and Harriet Frank Jr. |
| | *Lenny* | Julian Barry |
| | *The Parallax View* | David Giler, and Lorenzo Sempler Jr. |
| | *The Talking of Pelham One Two Three* | Peter Stone |
| | Best Drama Written Directly for the Screen | |
| | ***Chinatown*** | **Robert Towne** |
| | *A Woman Under the Influence* | John Cassavetes |
| | *Alice Doesn't Live Here Anymore* | Robert Getchell |
| | *Harry and Tonto* | Paul Mazursky, and Josh Greenfeld |
| | *The Conversation* | Francis Ford Coppola |
| 1975
(28th) | Best Drama Adapted from Another Medium | |
| | ***One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest*** | **Lawrence Hauben, and Bo Goldman** |
| | *Barry Lyndon* | Stanley Kubrick |
| | *The Man Whou Would Be King* | John Huston, and Gladys Hill |
| | *Jaws* | Peter Benchley, and Carl Gottlieb |
| | *The Man in the Glass Booth* | Edward Anhalt |
| | Best Drama Written Directly for the Screen | |
| | ***Dog Day Afternoon*** | **Frank Pierson** |
| | *French Connection II* | Alexander Jacobs, Robert Dillon, and Laurie Dillon |
| | *Nashville* | Joan Twekesbury |
| | *The Wind and the Lion* | John Milius |
| 1976
(29th) | Best Drama Adapted from Another Medium | |
| | ***All the President's Men*** | **William Goldman** |
| | *Bound for Glory* | Robert Getchell |
| | *The Seven-Per-Cent Solution* | Nicholas Meyer |
| | *Marathon Man* | William Goldman |
| | *The Shootist* | Miles Hood Swarthout, and Scott Hale |
| | Best Drama Written Directly for the Screen | |
| | ***Network*** | **Paddy Chayefsky** |
| | *The Omen* | David Seltzer |
| | *Rocky* | Sylvester Stallone |
| | *Taxi Driver* | Paul Schrader |
| | *The Front* | Walter Bernstein |
| 1977
(30th) | Best Drama Adapted from Another Medium | |
| | ***Julia*** | **Alvin Sargent** |
| | *I Never Promised You a Rose Garden* | Gavin Lambert, and Lewis John Carlino |
| | *Islands in the Stream* | Denne Bart Petitclerc |
| | *Looking for Mr. Goodbar* | Richard Brooks |
| | Best Drama Written Directly for the Screen | |
| | ***The Turning Point*** | **Arthur Laurents** |
| | *Close Encounters of the Third Kind* | Steven Spielberg |
| | *Saturday Night Fever* | Norman Wexler |
| | *The Late Show* | Robert Benton |
| 1978
(31st) | Best Drama Adapted from Another Medium | |
| | ***Midnight Express*** | **Oliver Stone** |
| | *Bloodbrothers* | Walter Newman |
| | *Go Tell the Spartans* | Wendell Mayes |
| | *Invasion of the Body Snatchers* | W.D. Richter |
| | *Who'll Stop the Rain* | Judith Rascoe, and Robert Stone |
| | Best Drama Written Directly for the Screen | |
| | ***Coming Home*** | **Nancy Dowd, Robert C. Jones, and Waldo Salt** |
| | *An Unmarried Woman* | Paul Mazursky |
| | *Days of Heaven* | Terrence Malick |
| | *Interiors* | Woody Allen |
| | *The Deer Hunter* | Deric Washburn, Michael Cimino, Louis Garfinkle, and Quinn K. Redeker |
| 1979
(32nd) | Best Drama Adapted from Another Medium | |
| | ***Kramer vs. Kramer*** | **Robert Benton** |
| | *Norma Rae* | Irving Ravetch, and Harriet Frank Jr. |
| | Best Drama Written Directly for the Screen | |
| | ***The China Syndrome*** | **Mike Gray, T. S. Cook, and James Bridges** |
| | *Apocalypse Now* | John Milius, and Francis Ford Coppola |
|

### 1980s

| Year | Nominees | Writer(s) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1980
(33rd) | Best Drama Adapted from Other Medium | |
| | ***Ordinary People*** | **Alvin Sargent** |
| | *Coal Miner's Daughter* | Thomas Rickman |
| | *The Elephant Man* | Christopher De Vore, Eric Bergren, and David Lynch |
| | *The Great Santini* | Lewis John Carlino |
| | *The Stunt Man* | Lawrence B. Marcus, Richard Rush |
| | Best Drama Written Directly for the Screen | |
| | ***Melvin and Howard*** | **Bo Goldman** |
| | *Fame* | Christopher Gore |
| | *My Bodyguard* | Alan Ornsby |
| 1981
(34th) | Best Drama Adapted from Other Medium | |
| | ***On Golden Pond*** | **Ernest Thompson, and Donald E. Stewart** |
| | *Cutler's Way* | Jeffrey Alan Fiskin |
| | *Prince of the City* | Jay Presson Allen, and Sidney Lumet |
| | *Ragtime* | Michael Weller |
| | Best Drama Written Directly for the Screen | |
| | ***Reds*** | **Warren Beatty and Trevor Griffiths** |
| | *Absence of Malice* | Kurt Luedtke |
| | *Atlantic City* | John Guare |
| | *Body Heat* | Lawrence Kasdan |
| 1982
(35th) | Best Drama Adapted from Other Medium | |
| | ***Missing*** | **Costa-Gavras, and Donald E. Stewart** |
| | *Sophie's Choice* | Alan J. Pakula |
| | *The Verdict* | David Mamet |
| | *The World According to Garp* | Steve Tesich |
| | Best Drama Written Directly for the Screen | |
| | ***E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial*** | **Melissa Mathison** |
| | *An Officer and a Gentleman* | Douglas Day Stewart |
| | *Shoot the Moon* | Bo Goldman |
| 1983
(36th) | Best Drama Adapted from Other Medium | |
| | ***Reuben, Reuben*** | **Julius J. Epstein** |
| | *The Year of Living Dangerously* | David Williamson, Peter Weir, and C.J. Koch |
| | *The Right Stuff* | Philip Kaufman |
| | Best Drama Written Directly for the Screen | |
| | ***Tender Mercies*** | **Horton Foote** |
| | *Silkwood* | Nora Ephron, and Alice Arlen |
| | *WarGames* | Lawrence Lasker, and Walter F. Parkes |
|

## InfoBox

| Writers Guild of America Award for Best Written Drama | |
| --- | --- |
| Awarded for | Outstanding Writing for a Dramatic Film |
| Country | United States |
| Presented by | Writers Guild of America |
| First awarded | 1949 |
| Last awarded | 1984 |
| Website | http://www.wga.org |


abstract: Stefanko v Doherty and Maritime Hotel Ltd [2019] IRLR 322 (EAT) is a UK labour law case concerning unfair dismissal and discrimination.

text:
# Stefanko v Doherty and Maritime Hotel Ltd

***Stefanko v Doherty and Maritime Hotel Ltd*** \[2019\] IRLR 322 (EAT) is a UK labour law case concerning unfair dismissal and discrimination.

## Facts

Stefanko and two other colleagues, Woronowicz and Jonik who were originally from Poland claimed that they were unfairly dismissed, had not been paid wages, not been paid holiday pay, not been given written statements of their employment contracts, and suffered race discrimination from their employers at the Maritime Hotel in Weymouth. Two weeks after the Brexit poll, Woronowicz asked for her wages to be paid correctly and a manager, Mr Nicholas Doherty, told her “Fuck off from my hotel and take your Polish friends with you”. When Jonik and Stefanko subsequently approached Doherty, he mimicked a Polish accent. The claimants then were forced to pack their bags and leave the following morning. The employers argued that there was no dismissal, that it was not unfair, that they had paid wages fully, and that there was no race discrimination. The Employment Tribunal held that there was unfair dismissal, unlawful wage deductions, and failure to pay holiday pay, but not enough evidence of race discrimination.

## Judgment

The Employment Appeal Tribunal, with Stacey J giving judgment, held that there was sufficient evidence of race discrimination, and that the burden of proof was on the employer to show otherwise. Stacey J said the following:

> 6. The Respondents were not present today. The First Respondent is now in creditors' voluntary liquidation as of 19 February 2018 and the liquidator indicated he would not be taking part any further. There was no explanation from the Second Respondent as to why he is not here today, in his written answer to the appeal he seeks to uphold the Tribunal's decision and explains that he is not a racist by any means having employed many ethnic minorities over the years. He has paid the monies ordered by the Tribunal and the appeal is a set up to destroy him and his business. He resists the appeal. I am especially grateful to Dr McGaughey who has provided his services to the Claimants pro bono under the Free Representation Unit scheme.
>
> **The Employment Tribunal Judgment**
>
> 7. The Claimants are of Polish national origin and were employed as waiting staff by the First Respondent, commencing on various dates from 21 April 2016 until their summary dismissal on 7 July 2016, at the First Respondent's hotel in Portland, Dorset. The Second Respondent, who stayed at the hotel was a hands-on manager and co-owner as Shareholder and Director of the First Respondent.
>
> 8. The Claimants were provided with accommodation at the hotel. None of them were given a section 1 statement of terms and conditions at any time during the course of their employment or thereafter.
>
> 9. It is evident from the Tribunal's Decision that the Claimants were not well treated by their employer and were frequently sworn at by the Second Respondent. When they objected to persistent shortfalls in their wages, late payment and a falsification of their wage slips, they were summarily dismissed on 7 July 2016 (two weeks after the Brexit referendum), told to pack their bags and leave the hotel immediately. They did as they were requested but with nowhere else to go, got into their vehicle and drove to Dover and onwards to Poland.
>
> ...
>
> 31. In considering an appeal of this nature, it is important to be clear of the distinction between an error of law and facts found by a Tribunal that it has been entitled to reach. Only the former is susceptible to interference by this Appeal Tribunal. It is easy to allege a misapplication of the burden of proof when the real criticism is merely a dislike of the Tribunal's legitimate findings. Where neither of the Respondents has participated much in the appeal it is also worth considering what points could have been made on their behalf.
>
> ...
>
> 33. I agree with Dr McGaughey's submission that when, as here, there are specific findings that comments have been made which appear on their face to be related to race and amount to less favourable treatment such as mimicking one Claimant's Polish accent and telling another to "Fuck off back to Poland" the Tribunal needed to have explained its reasoning as to how it applied the burden of proof and reached the conclusion that the dismissal had nothing whatsoever to do with race discrimination.
>
> 34. The difficulty is compounded by the Tribunal not having referred at all to the burden of proof provisions in its Decision or answered the questions it posed itself in paragraph 3 of its Judgment. Another troubling aspect is that the Claimants' evidence included many other allegations of the use of racial epithets by the Respondents and other race-tainted behaviour which have not been addressed by the Tribunal which did not make relevant findings one way or another on the specific allegations. It is therefore difficult to see how the Tribunal could conclude, as it did in paragraph 24, that "We have to say that we have received no evidence to suggest that the hypothetical comparator in similar circumstances … would have been treated \[differently\]". They had heard evidence, but it is unsure what they made of it.
>
> 35. Hale LJ's (as she then was) observations on the "*Porcelli* principle" and the useful rule of thumb that the more specific the insult and the injury by reference to a protected characteristic, the more persuasive must be the proof that the behaviour was completely unrelated to a protected characteristic in *Pearce v Governing Body of Mayfield Secondary School* \[2001\] EWCA Civ 1347 are apt in this regard. Especially since some of the comments or incidents appear overtly racial.
>
> 36. It could perhaps be argued on the Respondents' behalf that the finding at paragraph 21 that the only reason for the Claimants' dismissal is the whistleblowing effectively answers the Claimants' concerns since it makes an explicit finding of a non-racial and exclusive reason for the dismissal that in effect deals comprehensively with the race discrimination allegation. With some hesitation however, I would not have accepted the argument had the Respondents been here to make it. It is certainly a possibility, but without further explanation by the Tribunal it is not sufficient. It is also apparent from the claim form that the Claimants allege discrimination in both the fact of and manner of their dismissal, and the particularly brutal manner of dismissal has not been considered sufficiently by the Tribunal.
>
> 37. Overall, I therefore consider that there has been enough shown to me today by Dr McGaughey to say that the Tribunal has erred by failing to consider the burden of proof, failing to reach findings on material evidence and/or failed sufficiently to explain its reasons for its Judgment in order to be Meek-compliant.

1. England and Wales Court of Appeal (Civil Division), Meek v City of Birmingham District Council \[1987\] EWCA Civ 9, delivered 18 February 1987, accessed 12 September 2023
2. United Kingdom Employment Appeal Tribunal, Stefanko & Ors v Maritime Hotel Ltd & Anor (CONTRACT OF EMPLOYMENT : RACE DISCRIMINATION) \[2018\] UKEAT 0024\_18\_2509, delivered 25 September 2018, accessed 12 September 2023

## InfoBox

| Stefanko v Doherty and Maritime Hotel Ltd | |
| --- | --- |
| Weymouth | |
| Court | Employment Appeal Tribunal |
| Citation | \[2019\] IRLR 322 (EAT) |
| Keywords | |
| Discrimination, burden of proof, wages, holiday pay, contracts | |


title: Stefano (wrestler)

abstract: Daniel García Soto is a Puerto Rican professional wrestler best known by his ring name Stefano. Soto wrestles for promotions across Puerto Rico including International Wrestling Association, World Wrestling Council and New Wrestling Stars. Soto would also make an appearance in America's Total Nonstop Action Wrestling as a storyline lawyer for The Latin American Xchange faction. Soto also became one of the first wrestlers in Puerto Rican Wrestling to win the triple-crown of the three different Puerto Rican jr. heavyweight titles after winning IWA's Jr. Heavyweight, WWC's Jr. Heavyweight, and finally NWS Cruiserweight title; which he won on 10 September 2006. After almost a year in WWC, Stefy returned to the IWA in 2008 under his Rabia character and renamed as Xtefy.

text:
# Stefano (wrestler)

**Daniel García Soto** is a Puerto Rican professional wrestler best known by his ring name **Stefano**.

Soto wrestles for promotions across Puerto Rico including International Wrestling Association, World Wrestling Council and New Wrestling Stars. Soto would also make an appearance in America's Total Nonstop Action Wrestling as a storyline lawyer for The Latin American Xchange faction.

Soto also became one of the first wrestlers in Puerto Rican Wrestling to win the triple-crown of the three different Puerto Rican jr. heavyweight titles after winning IWA's Jr. Heavyweight, WWC's Jr. Heavyweight (5 November 2005), and finally NWS Cruiserweight title; which he won on 10 September 2006. After almost a year in WWC, Stefy returned to the IWA in 2008 under his Rabia character and renamed as Xtefy.

## Championships and accomplishments

## InfoBox

| Stefano | |
| --- | --- |
| Birth name | Daniel García Soto |
| Born | Brooklyn, New York |
| Professional wrestling career | |
| Ring name(s) | Stefano<br>Xtefy |
| Billed height | 5 ft 10 in (1.78 m) |
| Billed weight | 221 lb (100 kg) |
| Trained by | Isaac Rosario |
| Debut | 2000 |


title: Stephan Barratt-Due

abstract: Stephan Henrik Barratt-Due Jr. is a Norwegian violinist, the son of violinist Stephan Henrik Barrat-Due (1919–1985) and Else Barratt-Due.

text:
# Stephan Barratt-Due

**Stephan Henrik Barratt-Due Jr.** (born 1 June 1956 in Oslo, Norway) is a Norwegian violinist, the son of violinist Stephan Henrik Barrat-Due (1919–1985) and Else Barratt-Due (b. Holst, June 1925).

## Biography

Barrat-Due started his violin studies with his father at an early age. Later he attended the Norwegian Academy of Music and continued his studies in the Netherlands, Switzerland and the United States. He debuted in 1981, gave numerous concerts in Europe, the United States and Asia, and has been the artistic director of the Barratt Due Institute of Music from 1985. He has been the artistic director of the Kristiansand Symphony Orchestra (1990–96), and an initiator and artistic leader of the Kristiansand Chamber Music Festival. Barrat-Due also has had extensive chamber musical collaboration with his former wife.

## Honors

* 2003: First class Knight of the Order of St. Olav
* 2012: The Norwegian Arts Council Honorary Award, together with Soon-Mi Chung

## Discography (in selection)

* 1986: *Christian Sinding: Serenade For To Fioliner Og Klaver, Opus 92 / Serenade For To Fioliner Og Klaver, Opus 56* (Norsk Kulturråds Klassikerserie)
* 1988: *Johan Halvorsen: Norwegian Rhapsody No 1 & 2 • Norwegian Festival Overture Op. 16 • Entry Of The Boyars • Bergensiana, (Roccoco Variations) • Andante Religioso • Wedding March • Passacaglia* (Norsk Kulturråds Klassikerserie), with Bergen Philharmonic Orchestra directed by Karsten Andersen
* 1994: *Mozart, Nordheim, Hvoslef: DuoDu* (Victoria Records), with Soon-Mi Chung
* 2006: *Grieg: Holberg Suite • Melodies For String Orchestra* (Naxos Records), with Oslo Camerata

## InfoBox

| Stephan Barratt-Due | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Stephan Henrik Barrat-Due Jr. |
| Born | (1956-06-01)1 June 1956<br>Oslo |
| Origin | Norway |
| Genres | Classical |
| Occupation(s) | Musician, music teacher |
| Instrument | Violin |
|  | |
| Website | barrattdue.no/nor/hoyskole/larere/stephan\_barratt-due |


title: Stefan Zweig Collection

abstract: The Stefan Zweig Collection is an important collection of autograph manuscripts formed by the Austrian writer Stefan Zweig. After his death in 1942 his heirs continued to develop the collection, and donated it to the British Library in 1986. The collection includes many literary and music manuscripts, mainly in the composers' own hands. The collection contains 206 numbered items: MS 1-131 are musical manuscripts, MS 132-200 and MS 206 are literary or historical manuscripts, and MS 201-205 are printed books and music. Most of the musical manuscripts have been digitised.

text:
# Stefan Zweig Collection

The **Stefan Zweig Collection** is an important collection of autograph manuscripts formed by the Austrian writer Stefan Zweig. After his death in 1942 his heirs continued to develop the collection, and donated it to the British Library in 1986. The collection includes many literary and music manuscripts, mainly in the composers' own hands.

The collection contains 206 numbered items: MS 1-131 are musical manuscripts, MS 132-200 and MS 206 are literary or historical manuscripts, and MS 201-205 are printed books and music. Most of the musical manuscripts have been digitised.

## Musical manuscripts

The bulk of the collection consists of 131 autograph manuscripts by notable composers; most, but not all, are musical scores.

One particularly prominent item is Mozart's "Verzeichnüß aller meiner Werke" (MS 63), his own handwritten thematic catalogue of his works from 1784 to 1791. As well as many Mozart manuscripts, a range of prominent composers are represented, including Johann Sebastian Bach, Joseph Haydn, George Frideric Handel, and Johannes Brahms. Unusual pieces include a piano duet by Friedrich Nietzsche (MS 71).

## Other autographs

The 69 historic or literary manuscripts in the collection date from 1542 to 1940, and include material from individuals as diverse as Martin Luther (MS 200), Jules Verne (MS 197), John Locke (MS 168), Johann Wolfgang Goethe (MS 152–155), Adolf Hitler (MS 158), Sigmund Freud (MS150) and Henrik Ibsen (MS 162).

Zweig MS 206 was given separately from the main collection, in 1989, and is a manuscript of a biography of Luca Signorelli by Giorgio Vasari, copied from *Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects*.

## Other material

The remaining five items in the collection include editions of Rimbaud, Cervantes, and a two-volume printed edition of Schubert's vocal music.

Reed Library at the State University of New York at Fredonia has a large collection of Zweig's letters in their own Stefan Zweig Collection.

1. The Zweig Music Collection. British Library 2011. Retrieved 13 July 2011.
2. Mozart's "Verzeichnüß aller meiner Werke" at the British Library Online Gallery accessed July 13, 2011
3. "Login". *pdsloginblue.bl.uk*. Retrieved 2021-05-20.
4. "Login". *pdsloginblue.bl.uk*. Retrieved 2021-05-20.
5. "Login". *pdsloginblue.bl.uk*. Retrieved 2021-05-20.


title: Stefan Zrinzo Azzopardi

abstract: Stefan Zrinzo Azzopardi is a Maltese politician. He serves as Minister of Public Works and Planning in Prime Minister Robert Abela’s cabinet. He was first elected Member of Parliament for the 5th Electoral District in 2017.

text:
# Stefan Zrinzo Azzopardi

**Stefan Zrinzo Azzopardi** (born 23 September 1973) is a Maltese politician. He serves as Minister of Public Works and Planning in Prime Minister Robert Abela’s cabinet. He was first elected Member of Parliament for the 5th Electoral District (Birżebbuġa, Ħal Farruġ, Ħal Kirkop, Ħal Safi, Mqabba, Qrendi, Żurrieq) in 2017.

## Career

Zrinzo Azzopardi is a lawyer, practicing mainly in commercial and civil law since 2000. In May 2013, he was appointed as Chairman of the Grand Harbour Regeneration Corporation, a position he held until January 2020. During his tenure, the Corporation was responsible for the completion of several projects designed by Architect Renzo Piano, including the new Parliament Building, the Capital City of Valletta’s entrance, and later Castille Square. The same Corporation oversaw an EU funded regeneration project in lower Valletta.

## Politics

Zrinzo Azzopardi is a Partit Laburista member. He has been active in politics since 1996, within the local community and the party. In 2003 he was elected as president of the then Labour Party, and during his tenure, he oversaw various structural reforms, including the introduction of a statute in 2008 that revitalized and modernized the political party.

In June 2017, Zrinzo Azzopardi was elected as a Member of Parliament for the 5th Electoral District. He was chairman of the Adjunct Consideration of Bills Committee, and as a member of the Economic and Financial Affairs Committee, the Foreign and European Affairs Committee, and the National Audit Office Accounts Committee. He is part of Malta’s Parliamentary Delegation to the Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly and the OSCE Parliamentary Assembly.

In January 2020, Zrinzo Azzopardi was appointed as the Parliamentary Secretary responsible for European Funds, a Secretariat which now forms part of the Office of the Prime Minister.

## Personal life

Stefan Zrinzo Azzopardi is married to Silvana, with whom he has two children.


title: Stenoma patellifera

abstract: Stenoma patellifera is a moth in the family Depressariidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1931. It is found in Brazil.

text:
# Stenoma patellifera

***Stenoma patellifera*** is a moth in the family Depressariidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1931. It is found in Brazil.

## InfoBox

| *Stenoma patellifera* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Depressariidae |
| Genus: | *Stenoma* |
| Species: | ***S. patellifera*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Stenoma patellifera***<br>Meyrick, 1931 | |
|


title: Stefano Secco

abstract: Stefano Secco is an Italian opera singer.

text:
# Stefano Secco

**Stefano Secco** (born 1973 in Milan, Italy) is an Italian opera singer.

## Biography

Born in Milan in 1973, Secco began his studies under the direction of professor Alberto Soresina and graduated in percussion with Tullio De Piscopo.

He also attended particular courses given by Leyla Gencer and Renata Scotto. In 2001 he was awarded with Beniamino Gigli Prize.

In January 2016 he performed at Venice New Year's Concert with Nadine Sierra.

## Career

## Filmography

## InfoBox

| Stefano Secco | |
| --- | --- |
| Stefano Secco 2023 | |
| Born | 1973<br>Milan, Italy |
| Occupation | Classical singer |
| Website | stefanosecco.com |


title: Stefano Scarampella

abstract: Stefano Scarampella was an Italian violin and cello maker. He is considered to be one of the best 20th century violin makers. The tonal quality of his instruments have been compared to those of Giovanni Battista Guadagnini. He did not start making violins and cellos until he was in his forties. Stefano's father Paolo was a part-time violin maker. His brother, Giuseppe Scarampella, was also a violin maker and Stefano worked with him until his brother's death in 1902. After which, Stefano, took full control over Giuseppe's tools and business. He was born in Brescia and moved to Mantua in 1886, where he died in 1925. His instruments are sought after by musicians and collectors. It is believed that he made between 800 and 900 instruments during his career.

text:
# Stefano Scarampella

**Stefano Scarampella** (1843  23 January 1925) was an Italian violin and cello maker. He is considered to be one of the best 20th century violin makers. The tonal quality of his instruments have been compared to those of Giovanni Battista Guadagnini. He did not start making violins and cellos until he was in his forties. Stefano's father Paolo was a part-time violin maker. His brother, Giuseppe Scarampella, was also a violin maker and Stefano worked with him until his brother's death in 1902. After which, Stefano, took full control over Giuseppe's tools and business. He was born in Brescia and moved to Mantua in 1886, where he died in 1925. His instruments are sought after by musicians and collectors. It is believed that he made between 800 and 900 instruments during his career.

## Users

Walter-Michael Vollhardt


title: Sterculia urens

abstract: Sterculia urens is a species of plant in the family Malvaceae. It is native to India and has been introduced into Burma. A small to medium-sized tree with a pale-coloured trunk, it is commonly known as the bhutyā (भुत्या) in Marathi, kulu, Indian tragacanth, gum karaya, katira, sterculia gum or kateera gum. The specific name urens refers to the stinging hairs present on the flowers.

text:
# Sterculia urens

***Sterculia urens*** is a species of plant in the family Malvaceae. It is native to India and has been introduced into Burma. A small to medium-sized tree with a pale-coloured trunk, it is commonly known as the *bhutyā* (भुत्या) in Marathi (meaning "ghost tree"), **kulu**, **Indian tragacanth**, **gum karaya**, **katira**, **sterculia gum** or **kateera gum**. The specific name *urens* refers to the stinging hairs present on the flowers.

## Subspecies

*Sterculia urens* var. *thorelii* (Pierre) C. Phengklai is an accepted name according to the Catalogue of Life and found in Vietnam, where it is known as *bảy thưa Thorel*. Synonyms of *S.u. thorelii* are: *Sterculia thorelii* Pierre and *Clompanus thorellii* Kuntze.

## Description

The gum karaya is a medium-sized deciduous tree with horizontally-spreading branches, growing to a maximum height of about 15 m (49 ft). The bark is smooth, fibrous and thick, greenish-grey, with the surface layer peeling off in large flakes. The twigs are hairy at first. The leaves are alternate, simple, hairy beneath and have three to five palmate lobes. They are clustered at the tips of the twigs.

Flowers

The flowers are yellowish-green and produced in panicles in the axils of the leaves. They are polygamous (having male, female and bisexual flowers on the same tree) and are clad in sticky or glandular short hairs. The calyx has five lobes and there are no petals. Male flowers have a columnar boss of ten stamens while bisexual flowers have a ring of anthers round the five free, radiating carpels which grow to 75 mm (3 in) when fully developed. They are pinkish and densely covered with red hairs, including stinging hairs. *Apis indica* is a known pollinator while wind doesn't play any role in pollination.

Fruits

They split open when ripe to reveal up to six squarish, brown or black seeds.

## Distribution and habitat

The gum karaya is native to the Indian Subcontinent, Indo-China and Malesia. It is a common species and grows in deciduous forests, both wet and dry. It is often found on steep, rock-strewn slopes at altitudes between 400 and 800 metres (1,300 and 2,600 ft).

## Uses

A natural gum known as gum karaya is exuded by the tree when the bark is damaged. This valuable substance is traditionally tapped by cutting or peeling back the bark, or by making deep gashes at the base of the trunk with an axe. Such crude methods of extraction often kill the tree, but it has been found that application of the plant growth regulator ethephon stimulates the production of gum, and when used in carefully controlled amounts, increases gum yield and enhances healing of the wounds.

Karaya gum swells when it absorbs water and is used as a laxative because adds bulk to the contents of the intestine, stimulating the gut to expel waste material. Karaya gum is also reputed to have aphrodisiacal properties, but there is insufficient evidence to support this. Other uses for the gum are as a thickener in cosmetics and medications, and as an adhesive for dentures. In manufacturing, it is added as a binder, emulsifier and stabiliser in the preparation of beverages and foods. The seeds are roasted and eaten.

1. "*Sterculia urens* Roxb". *Catalogue of Life: 2014 Annual Checklist*. ITIS. Retrieved 2015-01-24.
2. "''*Sterculia urens*: Gum karaya". *India biodiversity portal*. Biodiversity India. Retrieved 2015-01-24.
3. "Gum karaya". *Flowers of India*. Retrieved 2015-01-25.
4. Pierre. 1888 in: *Fl. For. Cochinch. Fasc.* 12
5. Roskov Y.; Kunze T.; Orrell T.; Abucay L.; Paglinawan L.; Culham A.; Bailly N.; Kirk P.; Bourgoin T.; Baillargeon G.; Decock W.; De Wever A. (2014). Didžiulis V. (ed.). "Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2014 Annual Checklist". Species 2000: Reading, UK. Retrieved 23 April 2017.
6. Sunnichan, V. G.; Ram, H. Y. Mohan; Shivanna, K. R. (2004-02-03). "Floral sexuality and breeding system in gum karaya tree, Sterculia urens". *Plant Systematics and Evolution*. **244** (3–4): 201–218. doi:10.1007/s00606-003-0095-x. ISSN 0378-2697. S2CID 24849902.
7. Nair, N.M.B. (2003). "Gum tapping in *Sterculia urens* Roxb. (Sterculiaceae) using ethephon". FAO. Retrieved 2015-01-25.
8. "Karaya gum". *Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database*. WebMD. Retrieved 2015-01-25.

## InfoBox

| *Sterculia urens* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Malvales |
| Family: | Malvaceae |
| Genus: | *Sterculia* |
| Species: | ***S. urens*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Sterculia urens***<br>Roxb. | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Cavallium urens* Schott & Endl. * *Clompanus urens* Kuntze * *Kavalama urens* Rafin. | |


title: Stellaland Commando

abstract: Stellaland Commando was a light infantry regiment of the South African Army. It formed part of the South African Army Infantry Formation as well as the South African Territorial Reserve.

text:
# Stellaland Commando

**Stellaland Commando** was a light infantry regiment of the South African Army. It formed part of the South African Army Infantry Formation as well as the South African Territorial Reserve.

## History

### Origins

Stellaland Commando can trace its origins back to the declaration of the state of Stellaland.

### Operations

#### With the Zuid Afrikaanse Republiek

The Stellaland Commando was originally mobilised on 21 October 1899 to relieve Kuruman from British occupation in the Anglo Boer War.

By May 1900 however Vryburg was itself occupied by the British and the Stellaland Commando withdrew to form up with the Bloemhof Commando. Stellaland then became involved in a guerilla war and this resulted in the British policy of scorched earth in the region where many homesteads in and around Vryburg bore testimony to the onslaught.

During the guerilla phase of the Anglo Boer War, four members of the commando paid the highest price:

* Johannes Kuhn
* Hermanus Kuhn
* Johannes Jansen
* Hermanus Rautenbach

#### With the UDF

By 1902 all Commando remnants were under British military control and disarmed.

By 1912, however previous Commando members could join shooting associations.

By 1940, such commandos were under control of the National Reserve of Volunteers.

These commandos were formally reactivated by 1948.

#### With the SADF

During the Border War in South West Africa, the Stellaland Commando combined with commandos such as Kalahari, Bloemhof, Christiana, Schweizer-Reneke and De la Ray to form an operational company that was deployed to the Owamboland region.

The unit resorted under the command of the SADF's Group 21.

#### With the SANDF

##### Disbandment

This unit, along with all other Commando units was disbanded after a decision by South African President Thabo Mbeki to disband all Commando Units. The Commando system was phased out between 2003 and 2008 "because of the role it played in the apartheid era", according to the Minister of Safety and Security Charles Nqakula.

## SADF era Unit Insignia

## Leadership

Leadership
| **From** | **Honorary Colonels** | **To** |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **From** | **Commanding Officers** | **To** |
| 1945 | Cmdt P.D. Haasbroek | c.1951 |
| 16 October 1972 | Cmdt R.F. de V du Plessis | c.20 October 1981 |
| c.2000 | Lt Col Dick Wheeler | c.2003 |
| **From** | **Regimental Sergeants Major** | **To** |

## InfoBox

| Stellaland Commando | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Active | 1899-2006 |
| Disbanded | 21 January 2006 |
| Country | South Africa |
| Allegiance |  |
| Branch |  |
| Type | Infantry |
| Role | Light Infantry |
| Size | One Battalion |
| Part of | South African Infantry Corps<br>Army Territorial Reserve |
| Garrison/HQ | Vryburg |


title: Stella by Starlight (album)

abstract: Stella by Starlight is a live album by American saxophonist Dexter Gordon recorded at the Jazzhus Montmartre in Copenhagen, Denmark in 1966 by Danmarks Radio and released on the SteepleChase label in 2005. The album features Gordon's quartet with saxophonist Pony Poindexter.

text:
# Stella by Starlight (album)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| *The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings* |  |

***Stella by Starlight*** is a live album by American saxophonist Dexter Gordon recorded at the Jazzhus Montmartre in Copenhagen, Denmark in 1966 by Danmarks Radio and released on the SteepleChase label in 2005. The album features Gordon's quartet with saxophonist Pony Poindexter.

## Track listing

1. "Stella by Starlight" (Victor Young, Ned Washington) – 16:54
2. *Introduction* – 0:10
3. "Satin Doll" (Duke Ellington, Billy Strayhorn, Johnny Mercer) – 20:05
4. *Introduction* – 0:15
5. "Round About Midnight" (Thelonious Monk) – 10:33
6. *Introduction* – 0:17
7. "Sonnymoon for Two" \[fade-out\] (Sonny Rollins) – 0:37

## Personnel

Source:

## InfoBox

| Stella by Starlight | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Live album by Dexter Gordon | |
| Released | October 17, 2005 |
| Recorded | January 6, 1966 |
| Venue | Jazzhus Montmartre, Copenhagen, Denmark |
| Genre | Jazz |
| Label | SteepleChase
SCCD-36036 |
| Producer | Nils Winther |
| Dexter Gordon chronology | |
| *Setting the Pace*
(1965) ***Stella by Starlight***
(2005) *The Squirrel*
(1967) | |


title: Steve Blatherwick

abstract: Steven Scott Blatherwick is an English football coach and former footballer He played as a defender from 1991 to 2006. He spent much of his career playing for Chesterfield; however, he had previously played in the Premier League with Nottingham Forest. He also played in the Football League with Notts County, Wycombe Wanderers, Hereford United, Reading and Burnley. He retired from the game at the age of 32, on medical advice after suffering a back injury. He later became a coach at non-league club Gainsborough Trinity and briefly managed the club in a caretaker capacity before leaving the game to set up his own sports management company.

text:
# Steve Blatherwick

**Steven Scott Blatherwick** (born 20 September 1973) is an English football coach and former footballer

He played as a defender from 1991 to 2006. He spent much of his career playing for Chesterfield; however, he had previously played in the Premier League with Nottingham Forest. He also played in the Football League with Notts County, Wycombe Wanderers, Hereford United, Reading and Burnley. He retired from the game at the age of 32, on medical advice after suffering a back injury. He later became a coach at non-league club Gainsborough Trinity and briefly managed the club in a caretaker capacity before leaving the game to set up his own sports management company.

## Playing career

He started his career at Notts County but did not make a first team appearance for the Magpies. In August 1992, he made the short trip across the River Trent to Nottingham Forest. During a five-year spell at the City Ground he started 10 league matches and had spells on loan at Wycombe Wanderers, Hereford United and Reading.

In July 1997 he signed for Burnley for a £150,000 fee. But just over a year later he was loaned to Chesterfield, making the move permanent in December 1998 for a fee of £50,000. He was to spend the rest of his career at Saltergate and helped them win promotion to Division Two in 2001. He retired from playing in October 2006 at the age of 33. He had a testimonial match with former club Nottingham Forest, in which Chesterfield won 1–0 thanks to a goal by veteran striker Wayne Allison.

## Coaching career

In 2007 Blatherwick joined former Chesterfield teammate Dave Reeves on the coaching staff at Gainsborough Trinity, with new manager Steve Charles installing Reeves as Assistant Manager, and Blatherwick as a Coach. He was also registered as a makeshift player but had not been named on any squad sheet due to the injury problems that caused his retirement. In August 2009, following the dismissal of Steve Charles, Blatherwick and Reeves were appointed joint caretaker managers, but following the completion of one game in this role, the pair departed the club. Steve continued to study and gained his 'A and B' licence coaching badges. He also gained qualifications as an advanced personal trainer, sports therapist and nutritional adviser. He passed his FA licence agent examination in September 2011 and is studying Sports Psychology.

## Personal life

Blatherwick now lives and works in Nottingham and Manchester, where he has set up his own sports management company called "Elevate Sports Management"

His nephew Jack Blatherwick is a cricketer who has played for Nottinghamshire and Lancashire.

## Honours

**Individual**

## InfoBox

Steve Blatherwick
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Steven Scott Blatherwick | | |
| Date of birth | (1973-09-20) 20 September 1973 | | |
| Place of birth | Hucknall, England | | |
| Position(s) | Central defender | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| 1989–1991 | Notts County | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1991–1992 | Notts County | 0 | (0) |
| 1992–1997 | Nottingham Forest | 10 | (0) |
| 1994 | Wycombe Wanderers (loan) | 2 | (0) |
| 1995 | Hereford United (loan) | 10 | (1) |
| 1997 | Reading (loan) | 7 | (0) |
| 1997–1998 | Burnley | 24 | (0) |
| 1998 | Chesterfield (loan) | 2 | (0) |
| 1998–2006 | Chesterfield | 223 | (10) |
| 2007–2009 | Gainsborough Trinity | 0 | (0) |
| Total |  | **278** | **(11)** |
| Managerial career | | | |
| 2009 | Gainsborough Trinity (caretaker) | | |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Stephen Nicholas

abstract: Stephen Leron Nicholas is a former American football linebacker who is the defensive quality control coach for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers of the National Football League (NFL). He was selected by the Atlanta Falcons in the fourth round of the 2007 NFL draft and played for the team for seven seasons. He played college football at South Florida.

text:
# Stephen Nicholas

**Stephen Leron Nicholas** (born May 1, 1983) is a former American football linebacker who is the defensive quality control coach for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers of the National Football League (NFL). He was selected by the Atlanta Falcons in the fourth round of the 2007 NFL draft and played for the team for seven seasons. He played college football at South Florida.

## Early life

Nicholas played high school football at Robert E. Lee High School in Jacksonville, Florida. As a senior, he was a class 3A all-state linebacker and was invited to play in the Shrine Bowl.

## College career

Nicholas played college football at the University of South Florida. During his senior year, he was a Big East first-team selection. He finished his college career with 326 tackles, 20 sacks, and a school record 53.5 tackles for loss.

## Professional career

Nicholas was drafted by the Atlanta Falcons in the fourth round of the 2007 NFL draft. He finished his rookie year with 37 tackles and one sack. In 2008, he saw action in all 16 games during the season. In 2009, he started 14 games, totaling 82 tackles, 3 sacks. He started his first career game against Miami on September 13. Nicholas was released by the Falcons after seven seasons on February 5, 2014.

## NFL career statistics

| Legend | |
| --- | --- |
| **Bold** | Career high |

### Regular season

| Year | Team | Games | | Tackles | | | | | Interceptions | | | | | Fumbles | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | GP | GS | Cmb | Solo | Ast | Sck | TFL | Int | Yds | TD | Lng | PD | FF | FR | Yds | TD |
| 2007 | ATL | 13 | 0 | 33 | 29 | 4 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **1** | 0 | 0 |
| 2008 | ATL | **16** | 0 | 20 | 16 | 4 | 1.0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2009 | ATL | **16** | 13 | 80 | 65 | 15 | **3.0** | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | **1** | 0 | 0 |
| 2010 | ATL | **16** | 11 | 78 | 64 | 14 | 0.0 | 2 | **1** | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2011 | ATL | 10 | 8 | 35 | 17 | 18 | 0.0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | **2** | **1** | **2** | 0 |
| 2012 | ATL | **16** | **15** | **97** | **72** | **25** | 2.0 | **5** | **1** | **3** | 0 | **3** | **4** | 1 | **1** | 0 | 0 |
| 2013 | ATL | 14 | 3 | 35 | 21 | 14 | 1.0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
|  | | 101 | 50 | 378 | 284 | 94 | 8.0 | 18 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 12 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 0 |

### Playoffs

| Year | Team | Games | | Tackles | | | | | Interceptions | | | | | Fumbles | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | GP | GS | Cmb | Solo | Ast | Sck | TFL | Int | Yds | TD | Lng | PD | FF | FR | Yds | TD |
| 2008 | ATL | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2010 | ATL | 1 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **1** | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2012 | ATL | **2** | **2** | **8** | **5** | **3** | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | **1** | 0 | 0 |
|  | | 4 | 3 | 15 | 10 | 5 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |

## Coaching career

In 2018, Nicholas was hired by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers to be their defensive quality control coach.

## Personal life

Stephen Nicholas married then Irene Ledbetter (2007) and have 4 children. Nicholas is also a member of Omega Psi Phi fraternity.

1. "2007 NFL Draft Listing". *Pro-Football-Reference.com*. Retrieved May 11, 2023.
2. Florio, Mike (February 5, 2014). "Falcons dump Asante Samuel, Stephen Nicholas". *Profootballtalk.com*. Retrieved February 5, 2014.

## InfoBox

Stephen Nicholas
| Nicholas with the Atlanta Falcons in 2013 | |
| --- | --- |
| Tampa Bay Buccaneers | |
| Position: | Defensive quality control coach |
| Personal information | |
| Born: | (1983-05-01) May 1, 1983<br>Jacksonville, Florida, U.S. |
| Height: | 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m) |
| Weight: | 236 lb (107 kg) |
| Career information | |
| High school: | Jacksonville (FL) Lee |
| College: | South Florida |
| NFL draft: | 2007 / round: 4 / pick: 109 |
| Career history | |
| As a player: | |
|  | |
| As a coach: | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Career NFL statistics | |
| Total tackles: 378  Sacks: 8.0  Forced fumbles: 5  Fumble recoveries: 4  Interceptions: 2 | |
|  | |
| Player stats at **PFR** | |
|  | |


title: Web (novel)

abstract: Web is a science fiction novel by the English writer John Wyndham. The novel was published by the estate of John Wyndham in 1979, ten years after his death.

text:
# Web (novel)

***Web*** is a science fiction novel by the English writer John Wyndham. The novel was published by the estate of John Wyndham in 1979, ten years after his death.

## Plot

Events depicted in *Web* are narrated by Arnold Delgrange, whose wife and daughter were recently killed in a car crash. In an attempt to pull himself out of depression he becomes involved in an attempt to establish a utopian colony on the island *Tanakuatua* in the Pacific Ocean, far from civilisation.

Tanakuatua is now uninhabited by humans, as the native tribe were evacuated from the island due to British nuclear testing, but a group of tribesmen refused the evacuation order believing it to be a ploy by the British Empire and placed a taboo on the island, the fear of which has kept away any other tribes. The colonists are aware of the taboo, but only concerned with the difficulty of employing local dockworkers to help move supplies to the island.

The colony is established but as soon as the supply ship leaves, the radio - their only form of communication with the outside world - is destroyed in a deliberate act of sabotage but it is unclear as to who has done it. While exploring the island a member of one group is attacked by a pack of spiders and killed. The other exploration group goes missing, and is not found until several days later - they have also been attacked and killed by the spiders. Camilla Cogent, one of the colonisers and a pestologist, theorises that the spiders have made an evolutionary jump from solitary to social and cooperative creatures, working together to cover the entire western part of the island in web, and at the same time killing and eating almost all other animal life on the island.

The surviving colonists use pesticide and protective clothing to move around in relative safety until while exploring Arnold and Camilla are captured by the dockworkers who stayed behind. They are revealed to be descendants of the taboo tribesmen and are ensuring that the taboo is carried out. While the two are interrogated by the tribal witch-doctor other tribesmen carry bags of spiders, now referred to as the "Little Sisters", to the settlement, and all other colonists are killed.

Arnold and Camilla are stripped of their protective clothing and abandoned as the tribesmen leave the island. Eventually after wondering how the tribesmen were safe from the Little Sisters, they realise that the oil from a prevalent bracken on the island repels the Little Sisters, and they re-establish an encampment until they are visited by a seaplane from the mainland. Unable to warn them in time, the crew are killed by packs of Little Sisters on the beach. However, they are then rescued by a small military force who are searching for the seaplane. One of the soldiers is severely injured by several Little Sisters, and a cautious search party discover both the remains of the colonists and the lack of other living creatures on the island, confirming Arnold and Camilla's story.

The attempted colony is abandoned and all traces are either hushed up, or paid off in the form of compensation to surviving family members, Arnold, Camilla, and also Lord Foxfield - the patron of the expedition. Any further investigation is curtailed by a supposed volcanic eruption that completely destroys the island - however Arnold notes that at the same time of the eruption a fusion bomb was detonated in the same area as the island suggesting it was used to wipe out the Little Sisters. Arnold and Camilla go their separate ways, but stay in touch - Arnold states that the last message from Camilla now "somewhere in Peru" included a sample vial with a Little Sister inside it.

## InfoBox

Web
| First edition hardback cover | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | John Wyndham |
| Language | English |
| Genre | Science fiction |
| Publisher | Michael Joseph |
| Publication date | April 1979 |
| Publication place | United Kingdom |
| Media type | Print (Hardback) |
| Pages | 187 |
| ISBN | 0-7181-1797-2 |
| OCLC | 5707592 |
| Dewey Decimal | 823/.9/12 |
| LC Class | PZ3.H2422 We 1979 PR6045.Y64 |


title: White-backed stilt

abstract: The white-backed stilt is a locally abundant shorebird of South American wetlands and coastlines. It is found from northwest Brazil to southwest Peru and southcentral Argentina.

text:
# White-backed stilt

The **white-backed stilt** (***Himantopus melanurus***) is a locally abundant shorebird of South American wetlands and coastlines. It is found from northwest Brazil to southwest Peru and southcentral Argentina.

## Taxonomy

It is sometimes treated as a subspecies of the common or black-winged stilt, using the trinomial name *Himantopus himantopus melanurus*. The AOS considers it a subspecies of the black-necked stilt, where it is considered parapatric and intergrading to some extent with its northern relative where their ranges meet, and would warrant inclusion with the black-necked stilt when this is separated specifically.

## Distribution and habitat

The white-backed stilt is found in estuarine, lacustrine, salt pond and emergent wetland habitats; it is generally a lowland bird but is commonly seen in llanos habitat.

## Food and feeding

The white-backed stilt forages by probing and gleaning primarily in mudflats and lakeshores, but also in very shallow waters near shores; it seeks out a range of aquatic invertebrates  mainly crustaceans and other arthropods, and mollusks  and small fish, tadpoles and very rarely plant seeds. Its mainstay food varies according to availability; inland birds usually feed mainly on aquatic insects and their larvae, while coastal populations mostly eat other aquatic invertebrates. For feeding areas they prefer coastal estuaries, salt ponds, lakeshores, alkali flats and even flooded fields. For roosting and resting needs, this bird selects alkali flats (even flooded ones), lake shores, and islands surrounded by shallow water.

## Breeding

This stilt chooses mudflats, desiccated lacustrine verges, and levees for nest locations, as long as the soil is friable. The nests are typically sited within 1 km (0.62 mi) of a feeding location, and the pairs defend an extensive perimeter around groups of nests, patrolling in cooperation with their neighbors. Spacing between nests is approximately 65 ft (20 m), but sometimes nests are within 7 ft (2.1 m) of each other and some nests in the rookery are as far as 130 ft (40 m) from the nearest neighbor. The nests are frequently established rather close to the water edge, so that their integrity is affected by rising water levels of ponds or tides. This is particularly a hazard in the case of managed salt ponds where water levels may be altered rapidly in the salt pond flooding process.

The clutch size generally is 3–5 eggs with an average of four. For 22–26 days both sexes take turns incubating the eggs. The young are so precocial that they are seen swimming within two hours after hatching and are also capable of rapid land velocity at that early time. In spite of this early development the young normally return to the nest for resting for one or two more days. They fledge after about one month but remain dependent on their parents for some more weeks. Birds begin to breed at 1–2 years of age.

## Further reading

* Hayman, Peter; Marchant, John; Prater, Tony (1986). *Shorebirds: an identification guide to the waders of the world*. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 0-395-60237-8.

## InfoBox

| White-backed stilt | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| White-backed stilts (*H. melanurus*) Pantanal, Brazil | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Charadriiformes |
| Family: | Recurvirostridae |
| Genus: | *Himantopus* |
| Species: | ***H. melanurus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Himantopus melanurus***
Vieillot, 1817 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Himantopus himantopus melanurus*
*Himantopus mexicanus melanurus* | |


title: Matti Raivio

abstract: Matti Raivio was a Finnish Cross-country skier who won the 30 km and 50 km events at the 1926 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships. At the 1924 Winter Olympics he finished seventh in the 18 km and 50 km races. He abandoned the 50 km event at the 1928 Winter Olympics.

text:
# Matti Raivio

**Matti Raivio** (22 February 1893 – 25 May 1957) was a Finnish Cross-country skier who won the 30 km and 50 km events at the 1926 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships. At the 1924 Winter Olympics he finished seventh in the 18 km and 50 km races. He abandoned the 50 km event at the 1928 Winter Olympics.

## Cross-country skiing results

All results are sourced from the International Ski Federation (FIS).

### Olympic Games

| Year | Age | 18 km | 50 km |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1924 | *30* |  |  |
| 1928 | *34* |  | DNF |
|

### World Championships

* 2 medals – (2 gold)

| Year | Age | 30 km | 50 km |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1926 | *32* | **Gold** | **Gold** |
|

## InfoBox

Matti Raivio
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Born | 22 February 1893
Pihlajavesi, Finland |
| Died | 25 May 1957 (aged 86)
Pihlajavesi, Finland |
| Height | 169 cm (5 ft 7 in) |
| Weight | 70 kg (154 lb) |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Cross-country skiing |
| Club | Pilajaveden Sk:n Urheilijat |
| Medal record      Men's cross-country skiing  Representing  Finland  World Championships  1926 Lahti 30 km  1926 Lahti 50 km | |


title: Tom Metcalf

abstract: Thomas John Metcalf is an American former professional baseball pitcher who appeared in eight games, all in relief, in Major League Baseball for the 1963 New York Yankees. Born in Amherst, Wisconsin, Metcalf graduated from Lincoln High School in Wisconsin Rapids and attended Northwestern University. He threw and batted right-handed, and stood 6 feet 2 inches (1.88 m) tall during his active career. He signed with the Yankees in 1961 and was in his third year in their farm system when he was called to the majors in August 1963. He was treated roughly by the Baltimore Orioles in his August 4 debut, allowing a home run to John Orsino, five hits and three earned runs in two innings pitched, but, over his last seven appearances and 11 innings pitched in the majors, he permitted only one run. Metcalf gained a measure of revenge against Baltimore on September 1. He entered the game in the sixth inning with New York trailing 3–0, and worked two innings, allowing three hits and one run. He then departed for a pinch hitter—Mickey Mantle—with the Orioles leading, 4–1. Mantle belted a two-run home run off Mike McCormick to bring the Yankees to within a run, and three batters later, Tom Tresh hit another two-run blast, giving New York a 5–4 lead. Hal Reniff the held the Orioles scoreless, registering a save, and preserving Metcalf's only MLB victory. The 1963 season was Metcalf's only campaign in the majors. In his eight games pitched and 13 innings, he posted a 1–0 won–lost mark with an earned run average of 2.77, allowing four runs, 12 hits and three bases on balls, with three strikeouts. He retired after the 1965 minor-league season. Metcalf currently resides in Wisconsin Rapids and is the owner of Metcalf Lumber.

text:
# Tom Metcalf

**Thomas John Metcalf** (born July 16, 1940) is an American former professional baseball pitcher who appeared in eight games, all in relief, in Major League Baseball for the 1963 New York Yankees. Born in Amherst, Wisconsin, Metcalf graduated from Lincoln High School in Wisconsin Rapids and attended Northwestern University. He threw and batted right-handed, and stood 6 feet 2 inches (1.88 m) tall during his active career.

He signed with the Yankees in 1961 and was in his third year in their farm system when he was called to the majors in August 1963. He was treated roughly by the Baltimore Orioles in his August 4 debut, allowing a home run to John Orsino, five hits and three earned runs in two innings pitched, but, over his last seven appearances and 11 innings pitched in the majors, he permitted only one run. Metcalf gained a measure of revenge against Baltimore on September 1. He entered the game in the sixth inning with New York trailing 3–0, and worked two innings, allowing three hits and one run. He then departed for a pinch hitterMickey Mantle—with the Orioles leading, 4–1. Mantle belted a two-run home run off Mike McCormick to bring the Yankees to within a run, and three batters later, Tom Tresh hit another two-run blast, giving New York a 5–4 lead. Hal Reniff the held the Orioles scoreless, registering a save, and preserving Metcalf's only MLB victory.

The 1963 season was Metcalf's only campaign in the majors. In his eight games pitched and 13 innings, he posted a 1–0 won–lost mark with an earned run average of 2.77, allowing four runs, 12 hits and three bases on balls, with three strikeouts. He retired after the 1965 minor-league season.

Metcalf currently resides in Wisconsin Rapids and is the owner of Metcalf Lumber.

## InfoBox

| Tom Metcalf | |
| --- | --- |
| **Relief pitcher** | |
| **Born:**  (1940-07-16) July 16, 1940<br>Amherst, Wisconsin | |
| **Batted:** Right**Threw:** Right | |
| MLB debut | |
| August 4, 1963, for the New York Yankees | |
| Last MLB appearance | |
| September 20, 1963, for the New York Yankees | |
| MLB statistics | |
| Win–loss record | 1–0 |
| Earned run average | 2.77 |
| Innings pitched | 13 |
|  | |
| Teams | |
|  | |


title: Lim Keun-jae

abstract: Lim Keun-Jae is a South Korean football manager. He played for FC Seoul and Pohang Steelers then known as 'LG Cheetahs' and 'Pohang Atoms'.

text:
# Lim Keun-jae

**Lim Keun-Jae** (born November 5, 1969) is a South Korean football manager. He played for FC Seoul and Pohang Steelers then known as 'LG Cheetahs' and 'Pohang Atoms'.

## Club career statistics

| Club performance | | | League | | Cup | | League Cup | | Continental | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Season | Club | League | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
|
| South Korea | | | League | | KFA Cup | | League Cup | | Asia | | Total | |
| 1992 | LG Cheetash | K-League | 30 | 10 | - | | 7 | 0 | - | | 37 | 10 |
| 1993 | | | 19 | 3 | - | | 5 | 3 | - | | 24 | 6 |
| 1994 | | | 18 | 2 | - | | 6 | 0 | - | | 24 | 2 |
| 1995 | Pohang Atoms | | 2 | 0 | - | | 0 | 0 | - | | 2 | 0 |
| 1996 | | | 4 | 0 | ? | ? | 0 | 0 | - | |  |  |
| Total | South Korea | | 73 | 15 |  |  | 18 | 3 | - | |  |  |
| Career total | | | 73 | 15 |  |  | 18 | 3 | - | |  |  |

## Honours

### Player

LG Cheeths

### Manager

Seoul United

### Individual

## InfoBox

Lim Keun-Jae
임근재
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Lim Keun-Jae | | |
| Date of birth | (1969-11-05) November 5, 1969 | | |
| Place of birth | South Korea | | |
| Height | 1.70 m (5 ft 7 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Forward | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | Seoul United / Daesin High School | | |
| Youth career | | | |
|  | Yonsei University | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1992–1994 | LG Cheetash | 67 | (25) |
| 1995–1996 | Pohang Atoms | 6 | (2) |
| Managerial career | | | |
| 1998–2003 | Daesin High School (Coach) | | |
| 2004–2006 | Boin High School | | |
| 2006 | Daesin High School | | |
| 2007–2008 | Seoul United | | |
| 2009–? | Seoul United (General Manager) | | |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Sea Dogs of Australia

abstract: Sea Dogs of Australia is a 1913 Australian silent film about an Australian naval officer blackmailed into helping a foreign spy. The film was publicly released in August 1914, but was almost immediately withdrawn after the Minister for Defence expressed security concerns about footage of the battlecruiser HMAS Australia.

text:
# Sea Dogs of Australia

***Sea Dogs of Australia*** is a 1913 Australian silent film about an Australian naval officer blackmailed into helping a foreign spy. The film was publicly released in August 1914, but was almost immediately withdrawn after the Minister for Defence expressed security concerns about footage of the battlecruiser HMAS *Australia*.

## Plot

Lieutenant Verner (Eric Howell) incurs massive gambling debts, and a foreign spy, Herman Markoff, tries to blackmail him into stealing some secret plans for an explosive. Verner agrees and helps Markoff kidnap his friend, Lieutenant Sidney, but is stopped by Dave Smith, a champion Australian boxer. Verner tries again and by torturing Sidney succeeds in securing the plans. Verner decides to use the plans to blow up the battlecruiser HMAS *Australia*, but Sidney manages to escape and kill Markoff. Verner almost escapes on a ship, but *Australia* sinks it and Verner dies.

The chapter headings were:

* sailor ant his ladd
* the shadow of the 12-inch guns
* the new explosive
* the spy
* the stolen plan from the chart room of HMAS Australia
* attempted robbery
* a well known Australian pugilist to the rescue
* kidnapped
* black treachery
* the strange cruiser
* the submarine mine
* the fastest craft in Australian waters
* the chase
* HMAS Australia in action – the 12 inch guns in play
* the destruction of the mysterious warship by the 12 inch guns of HMAS Australia
* the secret safe
* Australia's own.

## Cast

## Production

During late 1913, filming occurred aboard *Australia*.

## Release

The film was trade screened in December 1913 but not released commercially until August the following year. It was then withdrawn from screening by order of the Minister for Defence, most likely due to security concerns over footage of *Australia*.

## InfoBox

| Sea Dogs of Australia | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Martyn Keith |
| Written by | J.S. McCullagh |
| Produced by | J.S. McCullagh |
| Starring | Charles Villiers |
| Production
company | Western Pacific Feature Films |
| Release date | * 12 August 1914 (1914-08-12) |
| Running time | 2,500 feet |
| Country | Australia |
| Languages | Silent film
English intertitles |


title: Wörter und Sachen

abstract: Wörter und Sachen was a philological movement of the early 20th century that was based largely in Germany and Austria. It is a descriptive research field for linguistic and factual research, which was first presented by R. Mehringer "Wörter und Sachen", Indogermanische Forschungen 17 (1904/1905). Further results were presented in the cultural-historical journal of the same name, in English in Th. Bynon, Historical Linguistics. Cambridge 1977. Its proponents argued that the etymology of words should be studied in close association or in parallel with the study of the artefacts and cultural concepts which the words had denoted. The process would, it was argued, enable researchers to study linguistic data more effectively. Many of the principles and the theories of the Wörter und Sachen movement have since been incorporated into modern historical linguistics such as the practice of cross-referencing with archaeological data.

text:
# Wörter und Sachen

**Wörter und Sachen** (German for *words and things*) was a philological movement of the early 20th century that was based largely in Germany and Austria. It is a descriptive research field for linguistic and factual research, which was first presented by R. Mehringer "Wörter und Sachen", Indogermanische Forschungen 17 (1904/1905). Further results were presented in the cultural-historical journal of the same name (Heidelberg 1909 ff.), in English in Th. Bynon, Historical Linguistics. Cambridge 1977.

Its proponents argued that the etymology of words should be studied in close association or in parallel with the study of the artefacts and cultural concepts which the words had denoted. The process would, it was argued, enable researchers to study linguistic data more effectively.

Many of the principles and the theories of the *Wörter und Sachen* movement have since been incorporated into modern historical linguistics such as the practice of cross-referencing with archaeological data.


title: Wyatt Tremblay

abstract: Wyatt Tremblay is a Canadian editorial cartoonist who has worked for the Yukon News since 1992.

text:
# Wyatt Tremblay

**Wyatt Tremblay** is a Canadian editorial cartoonist who has worked for the *Yukon News* since 1992.

## Personal life

Born in 1960 in Jasper, Alberta, he completed his schooling at F.H. Collins high school in Whitehorse, Yukon in 1978, with the intention of becoming an accountant but with the desire to become a cartoonist. He worked at many different jobs, except as an accountant, until he landed the position of editorial cartoonist for the *Yukon News* in 1992. This has led to numerous awards from the Canadian Newspaper Association, B.C./Yukon Newspaper Association and the B.C. Newspaper Foundation. He is also a member of the Association of Canadian Editorial Cartoonists. In 2003, he published a retrospective book on Yukon politics for the years 1992 to 2003.


title: Murali Naik Bhukya

abstract: Murali Naik Bhukya is an Indian politician from Telangana state. He is an MLA from Mahabubabad Assembly constituency which is reserved for ST community Mahabubabad district. He represents Indian National Congress Party and won the 2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election.

text:
# Murali Naik Bhukya

**Murali Naik Bhukya** (born 1966) is an Indian politician from Telangana state. He is an MLA from Mahabubabad Assembly constituency which is reserved for ST community Mahabubabad district. He represents Indian National Congress Party and won the 2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election.

## Early life and education

Naik is from Mahabubabad. He was born to Mangya Naik Bhukya in 1966. He is a medical doctor. He also married a doctor. He did his M.B.B.S. at Osmania Medical College in 1994. Later, he completed his Master of Surgery from Pondicherry University, JIPMER in 2004.

## Career

Naik won the Mahabubabad Assembly constituency representing Indian National Congress in the 2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election. He polled votes, and defeated his nearest rival Banoth Shankar Naik of Bharat Rashtra Samithi by a margin of 50,171 votes.


title: Murali Sreeshankar

abstract: Murali Sreeshankar is an Indian athlete who competes in the long jump event. He created a national record of 8.36 metres set in 2022.

text:
# Murali Sreeshankar

**Murali Sreeshankar** (born 27 March 1999) is an Indian athlete who competes in the long jump event. He created a national record of 8.36 metres set in 2022.

## Career

In March 2018, Sreeshankar cleared a 7.99 m jump at the Federation Cup in Patiala. He was named in the Indian contingent for the 2018 Commonwealth Games but had to pull out 10 days before the April event after being diagnosed with appendicitis. Following an emergency appendix surgery, he was placed on a liquid diet, which resulted in significant weight loss and an inability to walk properly. Two months later, he participated in the 2018 Asian Junior Athletics Championships in Gifu despite having "less strength, speed and focus" from before the illness and won bronze with a jump of 7.47 metres. At the 2018 Asian Games in Jakarta, he "struggled with run-up issues" and finished sixth in the final with 7.95 metres.

In September 2018, Sreeshankar broke the national record at the National Open Athletics Championships in Bhubaneswar where he achieved a jump of 8.20 metres. It was also the world leading jump of the season among under-20 athletes and made him the first Indian athlete to qualify for the 2019 World Athletics Championships scheduled to be held in September–October in Doha. At the World Championships, Sreeshankar failed to qualify for the finals, achieving a best leap of 7.62m, with the qualification mark set at 8.15.

Sreeshankar qualified for the 2020 Summer Olympics by recording a jump of 8.26m, a new national record, at the Federation Cup in Patiala in March 2021. At the Olympics, he registered a jump of 7.69m in the qualifying round and failed to enter the final.

At the 2022 World Athletics Championships, he qualified for the final round and finished seventh with a jump of 7.96 m. At the 2022 Commonwealth Games, he won the silver medal with a jump of 8.08 metres and became the first male long jumper from India to win a silver medal at the Games.

As of 2022, he was one of the only three Indian athletes that ever made it to the top 3 in a Diamond League meet.

He qualified for the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris by jumping 8.37m to get a silver medal at the 2023 Asian Athletic Championships. But he injured his knee on 16 April 2024 which requires a surgery, and has been ruled of Olympic participation. Later on 26 April 2024, he underwent a successful knee surgery in Doha.

## Personal life

Sreeshankar is coached by his father S. Murali who is a former triple jump athlete and silver medalist at the South Asian Games. Sreeshankar would accompany his father to practice as a four-year-old, when his father noticed his potential as a sprinter. Sreeshankar became a state-level under-10 champion in 50 metres and 100 metres, but switched from sprinting to long jump at the age of 13. His mother K. S. Bijimol has won a silver medal in 800 metres at the 1992 Asian Junior Athletics Championships. His sister Sreeparvathy is a heptathlete. As of August 2019, Sreeshankar is pursuing a BSc in mathematics at the Government Victoria College, Palakkad.

Sreeshankar is part of the Target Olympic Podium (TOP) scheme started by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports. He is sponsored by JSW Sports and supported by JSW's Inspire Institute of Sport in Bellary district, Karnataka.

## Awards

He was conferred the Arjuna Award for 2023.

## InfoBox

M. Sreeshankar
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Born | (1999-03-27) 27 March 1999<br>Palakkad, Kerala, India |
| *Alma mater* |  |
| Height | 5 ft 11 in (180 cm) |
| Sport | |
| Rank | 9 (12 October 2023) |
| Event | Long jump |
| Coached by | S. Murali |
| Achievements and titles | |
| Personal best(s) | 8.41 m (Kalinga, 2023) |
| Medal record      Men's athletics  Representing  India  Asian Games  2022 Hangzhou Long jump  Commonwealth Games  2022 Birmingham Long jump  Asian Junior Athletics Championships  2018 Gifu Long jump  Asian Athletics Championships  2023 Bangkok Long jump | |


title: Murali Nair

abstract: Murali Nair is an Indian film director and screenwriter. He has directed eight films since 1993. His film Marana Simhasanam was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1999 Cannes Film Festival where it won the Caméra d'Or.

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# Murali Nair

**Murali Nair** (born 10 January 1966) is an Indian film director and screenwriter. He has directed eight films since 1993. His film *Marana Simhasanam* was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1999 Cannes Film Festival where it won the Caméra d'Or.

## Filmography

## InfoBox

| Murali Nair | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1966-01-10) 10 January 1966
Anandapuram, Kerala, India |
| Occupation(s) | Film director
Screenwriter |
| Years active | 1993–present |
| Website | www.muralinair.co |


title: Muhammadu Bako III

abstract: Muhammadu Sani Bako III is a prominent member of Gwandara people and a first-class Emir of New Karshi in Nasarawa. He was a career federal civil servant. He is a senior member of Nasarawa State Council of Traditional Rulers, and chairs the Governing Council of Nasarawa State Polytechnic, Lafia. He holds a Doctor of Philosophy, PhD in Political Economy and Development Studies from the University of Abuja. He was the Magajin Garin Karshi.

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# Muhammadu Bako III

**Muhammadu Sani Bako III** (born April 22, 1972) is a prominent member of Gwandara people and a first-class Emir of New Karshi in Nasarawa. He was a career federal civil servant. He is a senior member of Nasarawa State Council of Traditional Rulers, and chairs the Governing Council of Nasarawa State Polytechnic, Lafia. He holds a Doctor of Philosophy, PhD in Political Economy and Development Studies from the University of Abuja. He was the Magajin Garin Karshi.

## Early life and education

Bako was born in New Karshi to His Royal Highness Muhammadu Bako II of the ruling family of Kokosa. He was born the heir apparent to the New Karshi Emirate throne. At age five in 1977, he enrolled in Karshi primary school where he obtained first school leaving certificate in 1982. He attended Government Secondary School, Karshi between 1982 and 1987, graduating with a West African School Certificate. In 1989 he was admitted to the School of Preliminary Studies, Keffi for a two-year preparatory for university admission. He holds a Bachelor of Art degree in History from the University of Jos (1995); a Postgraduate diploma in Business Administration from the Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi (2000); and a Doctor of Philosophy, PhD in Political Economy and Development Studies from the University of Abuja.

## Civil service career

He started his civil service career in 1997 at Federal Mortgage Bank of Nigeria. In 2001, he switched to Ministry of Women Affairs and Youth Development. From 2004 to 2006 he served at Ministry of Intergovernmental Affairs, Youth Development and Special Duties. In 2007, he was deployed to Ministry of Youth Development after it split from the larger ministry. He left civil service in 2016 to become Emir.

## Ascension

Bako II was crowned the first Emir of New Karshi on January 2, 1981, with a fourth class status in ranking. On January 1, 1997, the throne was upgraded to third class traditional ruler status by the pioneer military administrator of Nasarawa State, Wing Commander Ibrahim Abdullahi. In August 2002, it was elevated to second class status and then first class status in May 2007 by Governor Abdullahi Adamu of Nasarawa State. Bako II reigned for over 30 years before his death in 2016 at age 76.

Emir Bako III was selected by Karshi Emirate council of king makers and recommended to Governor Umar Tanko Almakura for approval and appointment. On February 20, 2016, Governor Almakura announced his appointment. He was presented the staff of office in August 2017 by Governor Al-Makura of Nasarawa State.

### Community service

In a surprise move to help his subjects, Emir Bako III in 2017 mobilised Karshi, Rafin Kwarra, Pyanko, Gidan Maigagah, Gidan Waziri, Orozo and Zokonu for community service to fill potholes on the roads and fix three collapsed bridges along Karshi/Rafin Kwarra and Pyanku road.

## InfoBox

| Muhammadu Bako III | |
| --- | --- |
| Reign | 8 February 2016 - present |
| Coronation | 17 August 2017 |
| Predecessor | Alhaji (Dr) Muhammadu Bako II |
| Born | Muhammadu Sani Bako
April 22, 1972
Karshi |
| House | Kidan Sarkin Karshi |
| Father | Dr Muhammadu Bako II |
| Religion | Islam |
| Occupation | Emir of New Karshi |


title: Murder of Johnnie Mae Chappell

abstract: Johnnie Mae Chappell was an American murder victim during race riots in Jacksonville, Florida, killed by a gunshot from a passing car. After evidence and documents went missing her killer was charged with manslaughter - only serving three years in prison - and the other passengers were never charged. Detectives working the investigation claimed they lost their jobs due to their complaints regarding police racism and how the case was handled.

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# Murder of Johnnie Mae Chappell

**Johnnie Mae Chappell** (c.1929  March 23, 1964) was an American murder victim during race riots in Jacksonville, Florida, killed by a gunshot from a passing car. After evidence and documents went missing her killer was charged with manslaughter \- only serving three years in prison - and the other passengers were never charged. Detectives working the investigation claimed they lost their jobs due to their complaints regarding police racism and how the case was handled.

## Life

Johnnie Mae Chappell was a mother of 10 and worked as a cleaner. Her husband was named Willie, and worked two jobs.

## Death

During race massacre in Jacksonville, Florida on the evening of March 23, 1964, Chappell (then 35) was walking along U.S. Route 1 northwest of the city looking for her wallet, which had fallen from her bag while carrying groceries home. As she walked, four men drove past in a blue Plymouth, one of whom fired a gunshot which hit Chappell. After being found by her husband who had left the house to look for her, Chappell was being transported to a hospital in an ambulance when she died.

As word of Chappell's killing spread, riots escalated in the city.

## Investigations

The case of Chappell's death went unsolved for months until two sheriff detectives, Lee Cody and Donald Coleman Sr., interrogated a young local called Wayne Chessman about the murder. Chessman confessed to being in the car with three other men, giving their names and details of the evening. Chessman stated that a man named J.W. Rich was the one to fire the gun; he and the other passengers were subsequently arrested by Cody and Coleman who say they then confessed to shooting Chappell. When they went to read the paperwork regarding Chappell's death, however, they found that it was missing. They later found under the mat in the office of their boss, detective chief James Patrick Sr., along with about 30 other reports involving cases which Patrick Sr. wanted dropped.

The four men went to trial, but the gun used in the shooting went missing and the detectives were not asked to testify about the confessions. As a result, the jury convicted Rich, who claimed that he didn't intend to kill Chappell, of manslaughter and the charges were dropped against the other men. Rich served three years of a 10-year sentence, and Cody and Coleman were demoted and later fired by detective chief James C. Patrick Sr. after complaining about racism and corruption in the department.

On the 32nd anniversary of Chappell's murder one of her sons, Shelton, organized a memorial church service for their family. Having seen an article about the planned service in the local newspaper, Cody attended, and told the family the details of Chappell's murder and his investigation. In 2005 Cody and Shelton filed a civil rights lawsuit against the city of Jacksonville and the men in the car; the suit was dismissed but Jeb Bush asked the Florida Department of Law Enforcement to re-open the murder investigation.

## James Patrick Sr.

On December 14, 1969, 47-year-old **James Patrick Sr**. (June 19, 1922  December 14, 1969) was fatally shot by his son, James Patrick Jr., after beating his wife in a drunken rage. Both Patrick Jr. and his mother later said the elder Patrick was a heavy drinker who'd abused them for years, and had fired a gun at them on at least one occasion. Patrick Jr. had repeatedly struck his father in self-defense in the past. In the last instance prior to the shooting, Patrick Sr. warned his son that if he ever fought back again, he'd kill him. Patrick Jr. was arrested and charged with murder. After a coroner's jury split on whether Patrick Jr. should face prosecution, he was allowed to plead guilty to manslaughter and received a 5-year suspended sentence.

Despite the circumstances of his death, Patrick Sr., who'd worked as a police officer in 1950, enjoyed a relatively positive posthumous reputation for years. However, in the 1980s, it was found that Patrick Sr. was extremely corrupt, took his teenage son to Ku Klux Klan rallies, and had abused detainees. Two months prior to his death, his son was among those arrested in a narcotics raid. However, Patrick Jr. was only booked on charges of vagrancy, which were later dropped. Patrick had broken the ribs of suspects on several occasions, in one instance beating a man unconscious. In August 1982, Donald Coleman testified that Sheriff Dale Carson and James Patrick Sr. took bribes took cover up murder investigations.

On February 24, 1960, Beverly June Cochran, a 19-year-old housewife, vanished. In the fall of 1962, Florida police took prime suspect Emmett Spencer from prison to a hotel for interrogation. Spencer, a Kentucky drifter and serial killer who'd served nearly 10 years in prison for manslaughter, had been called the "dream killer" by newspapers, since he'd claimed to know details of various murders since he'd dreamt them. Carson and Patrick had previously interrogated Spencer in Miami, where Patrick beat him unconscious and broke two of his ribs. Spencer had bragged of committing dozens of murders, albeit he was later deemed to be a pathological liar. Spencer would only be convicted of one murder, that of Johnnie Keen, whom he beat to death with a hammer on April 15, 1960. Spencer was convicted of first degree murder in that case and sentenced to death, albeit his sentence was later reduced to life in prison. He died in prison in 1996.

Spencer was strongly implicated in three other murders, that of Beverly Cochran, Dr. John Hunt, who was slain in the Idaho desert in 1959, and Virginia Tomlinson and Leon "Shorty" Hammel, both of whom he'd met during a road trip. While stopping at a gas station, Mary Catherine Hampton, Spencer's girlfriend, overheard Spencer and Shorty talking about killing a woman. Shortly after, Spencer pulled the car over in an isolated area, took Tomlinson into the woods, and killed her. He later did the same to Shorty. Spencer stopped in Florida in April 1960, where he rented an apartment. However, he fled only three days later, after killing Johnnie Keen. Spencer was finally arrested after a police chase, after being seen speeding.

While in custody, Spencer said he didn't kill Beverly June Cochran, but he knew who did: his friend, Clarence McCormick. Clarence was the son of beach construction owner B.B. McCormick, a friend of James Patrick Sr., and had stalked Cochran prior to her death and once broke into her house. He'd repeatedly been arrested in the past, but was always released due to the intervention of his father. According to Spencer, he'd abducted Cochran from her new home, and brought her to an apartment complex at the beach. There, Clarence broke her arms with a tire iron, and then beat her to death. Spencer's account of the crime appeared to become increasingly credible, as his landlady recalled finding a blood-soaked mattress in an empty apartment next to his, which she'd never reported. Patrick Sr. suppressed evidence in the case, and later announced that "information developed in recent weeks" indicated that Cochran was still alive and had left home of her own accord. Clarence McCormick later became a career bank robber. In 1965, he was sentenced to 15 years in federal prison for bank robbery. He paroled in the 1970s. McCormick continued to live a criminal lifestyle, albeit he often received leniency in exchange for helping the authorities. On January 20, 1980, McCormick, 54, was fatally shot by an accomplice in a robbery at a motel in Georgia.

Patrick Sr. also took bribes in the case of the June 29, 1964, murder of Glen Monroe, a banker’s son who was shot twice in the back and dumped on a deserted beach access ramp. Wealthy Atlantic Beach socialite and shopping mall developer Bobby Jacobs. became the prime suspect in the murder. However, the investigation was later ended after Jacobs paid a bribe to Patrick Sr.. In March 1974, a man named Raymond Beauchesne tried to abduct Jacobs from his home. He then shot Jacobs and killed a security guard, before committing suicide. Jacobs was critically injured, but survived.

In 1965, Patrick Sr. was placed on leave for evidence tampering. His wife later testified that afterwards, his drinking became even worse, ultimately culminating in his death.

### Further reading