title: The Emerald Isle

abstract: The Emerald Isle; or, The Caves of Carrig-Cleena, is a two-act comic opera, with music by Arthur Sullivan and Edward German, and a libretto by Basil Hood. The plot concerns the efforts of an Irish patriot to resist the oppressive "re-education" programme of the English, which has robbed the Irish of their cultural heritage. A quirky "Professor of Elocution" who is hired by the English to continue this "re-education" of the Irish switches sides to help the Irish defend their culture. Romantic complications cause a confrontation between the Irish patriots and the superstitious English at the supposedly haunted caves of Carric-Cleena, and disguises are employed to hold the English off; but the professor ultimately comes up with a solution that works out happily for all. The opera premiered at the Savoy Theatre on 27 April 1901, closing on 9 November 1901 after a run of 205 performances. The opening night cast included such Savoy regulars as Robert Evett, Walter Passmore, Henry Lytton, Rosina Brandram, Isabel Jay and Louie Pounds. The opera was given a production in New York City at the Herald Square Theatre for 50 performances, opening on 1 September 1902 and closing on 18 October 1902. The New York cast included Kate Condon as Molly and Jefferson De Angelis as Bunn. It was revived in 1935 at the Prince's Theatre in London. Modern professional productions of the work have been rare. The Prince Consort recorded the piece in Britain live in performance at the fringe of the Edinburgh Festival in 1982. The piece was also given in Edinburgh and then Torquay, England, in 1998. Another live recording was made in 2001 as a centenary production at the Alexander Theatre of the Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, by the Gilbert and Sullivan Society of Victoria. Amateur groups in Britain produced the piece regularly through the 1920s and occasionally thereafter. A concert of the opera was performed by Valley Light Opera in Amherst, Massachusetts on 8 March 2008 with a narration written by Jonathan Strong. This was the first known U.S. performance of the opera with full orchestra since 1902.

text:
# The Emerald Isle

***The Emerald Isle***; *or, The Caves of Carrig-Cleena*, is a two-act comic opera, with music by Arthur Sullivan and Edward German, and a libretto by Basil Hood. The plot concerns the efforts of an Irish patriot to resist the oppressive "re-education" programme of the English, which has robbed the Irish of their cultural heritage. A quirky "Professor of Elocution" who is hired by the English to continue this "re-education" of the Irish switches sides to help the Irish defend their culture. Romantic complications cause a confrontation between the Irish patriots and the superstitious English at the supposedly haunted caves of Carric-Cleena, and disguises are employed to hold the English off; but the professor ultimately comes up with a solution that works out happily for all.

The opera premiered at the Savoy Theatre on 27 April 1901, closing on 9 November 1901 after a run of 205 performances. The opening night cast included such Savoy regulars as Robert Evett, Walter Passmore, Henry Lytton, Rosina Brandram, Isabel Jay and Louie Pounds. The opera was given a production in New York City at the Herald Square Theatre for 50 performances, opening on 1 September 1902 and closing on 18 October 1902. The New York cast included Kate Condon as Molly and Jefferson De Angelis as Bunn. It was revived in 1935 at the Prince's Theatre (now the Shaftesbury Theatre) in London.

Modern professional productions of the work have been rare. The Prince Consort (an Edinburgh-based performing group) recorded the piece in Britain live in performance at the fringe of the Edinburgh Festival in 1982. The piece was also given in Edinburgh and then Torquay, England, in 1998. Another live recording (with dialogue) was made in 2001 as a centenary production at the Alexander Theatre of the Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, by the Gilbert and Sullivan Society of Victoria (now known as Gilbert & Sullivan Opera Victoria). Amateur groups in Britain produced the piece regularly through the 1920s and occasionally thereafter. A concert of the opera was performed by Valley Light Opera in Amherst, Massachusetts on 8 March 2008 with a narration written by Jonathan Strong. This was the first known U.S. performance of the opera with full orchestra since 1902.

## History

For much of the 1890s, impresario Richard D'Oyly Carte and his wife Helen Carte had struggled to find successful shows to fill the Savoy. They finally found a winning formula in *The Rose of Persia* by Arthur Sullivan and Basil Hood in 1899, and the two men quickly agreed to collaborate again on a new comic opera, *The Emerald Isle*. However, in mid-1900, Sullivan put aside his work on the opera, travelling to Germany and then focusing on a commission to compose what became his "Te Deum Laudamus – A Thanksgiving for Victory", celebrating the coming end of the Second Boer War. He increasingly struggled with ill health and died on 22 November 1900. At his death, Sullivan had finished two musical numbers from *The Emerald Isle* in their entirety, leaving behind sketches of at least the voice parts for about half of the others. The D'Oyly Carte Opera Company commissioned Edward German to complete the numbers Sullivan had sketched and to compose the rest of the opera himself. Carte himself died on 27 April 1901, and the opera was produced by his widow, Helen, who engaged William Greet as manager of the Savoy Theatre during the run of *The Emerald Isle*.

German, to this point, was known chiefly as a composer of orchestral and incidental music. *The Emerald Isle* was sufficiently successful to launch German on an operatic career. German's most famous opera was *Merrie England* (1902), also written with Hood, and Hood went on to a very successful career as an adapter of European operettas for the English stage.

Unlike Hood's first opera with Sullivan, *The Rose of Persia*, *The Emerald Isle* does not pay much homage to the Gilbert and Sullivan comic tradition, except for the mistaken identities and the fact that the opera was written for the same opera company and its regular performers. The plot is not reminiscent of Gilbert's topsy-turvy style, nor is there any obvious satiric point. With its Irish jigs and broad comedy, the work was more at home in the musical comedy style that had become prevalent on the London stage by the end of the 1890s. Sullivan's music has been described as "reminiscent rather than fresh", while German's contributions to the score, though partly imitative of Sullivan, marked him as a comic opera composer of promise.

## Roles and original cast

Black Dan (baritone) – W. H. Leon Mickie O'Hara (non-singing) – C. Earldon * H.M. 11th Regiment of Foot:

Sergeant Pincher (bass) – Reginald Crompton Private Perry (non-singing) – Powis Pinder/Charles Childerstone Nora (non-singing) – Lulu Evans Kathleen (soprano) – Agnes Fraser * Chorus of Irish Peasants and Soldiers of 11th Regiment of Foot

## Synopsis

According to the libretto, the action takes place "About a Hundred Years Ago."

### Act I

*Scene: Outside the Lord Lieutenant's Country Residence.*

In a picturesque Irish village, the chorus speculate that Terence O'Brian, a local hero who has long been absent abroad, will soon return. O'Brien indeed appears, but they mistake him for a Saxon (hated by the Irish) because of his English accent. He assures them that, although he was educated at Oxford, he is thoroughly Irish, and is in fact descended from one of the ancient Irish kings, Brian Boru.

Pat Murphy, a blind fiddler, tells O'Brien that the Lord Lieutenant has compelled all of the villagers to adopt English customs and speak in English accents. O'Brien vows to restore Irish customs to the district; he requires only a suitable tutor to re-educate the local people, since they have all forgotten how to be Irish.

Professor Bunn enters. He has overheard the conversation. Although the Lord Lieutenant has hired him to be the Local Professor of English Elocution, he assures them that he can also train the local peasantry to be typically Irish. O'Brien is sceptical, but as Bunn has overheard them, they decide it would be better to forcibly initiate him into their secret society, the Clan-na-Gael. O'Brien tells Bunn that the ceremony will take place at midnight, at the Caves of Carrig-Cleena.

O'Brien is secretly engaged to the Lord Lieutenant's daughter, Lady Rosie Pippin. While he goes off for a secret rendezvous, he leaves Bunn in Murphy's custody. Once they are alone, Murphy admits that he isn't blind at all; he has only feigned blindness. But he is in love with Molly O'Grady, and he wants to tell her how beautiful she is, which he cannot do unless his "blindness" is cured. He suggests that Professor Bunn impersonate a doctor, who will restore his sight. Molly then enters, but she says that if Bunn could cure Murphy, she would marry Bunn. For now, Murphy decides to remain blind, after all.

Jealous of Bunn, Murphy tells O'Brien that Bunn can't be trusted. O'Brien threatens Bunn with death, but offers him a reprieve if he can manage to get a letter to Lady Rosie's maid, which O'Brien himself has been unable to do. Bunn mesmerises the guard at the gate of the Lieutenant's, and goes inside.

Molly warns O'Brien that the Caves of Carrig-Cleena are a dangerous hiding place for the rebels, because fairies reside there. She tells him that the Fairy Cleena, their Queen, has taken a fancy to Blind Murphy, and does his house chores. (It is, in fact, Molly who has been doing them.) Molly and Murphy tell O'Brien the legend of the Fairy Cleena.

Rosie, having received O'Brien's message, comes out to greet him. From Rosie and her maid, Susan, he learns that Bunn had delivered a letter to the Lord Lieutenant himself. O'Brien is now even more convinced that Bunn can't be trusted, but as he wants to be alone with Rosie, he directs Susan to keep an eye on the Professor. However, after Bunn tells Susan he's a detective from Scotland Yard, she allows him to leave, noting that she is much enchanted by detectives. He goes into Murphy's cottage to change into a disguise, which he has brought with him.

The Lord Lieutenant enters, with the Countess and Dr. Fiddle. The Lieutenant is expecting Professor Bunn, who cannot be found. However, he has received an anonymous note warning that the rebel leader Terence O'Brien is in the area, and his hiding place is Carrig-Cleena. The Lieutenant vows to send troops to exterminate the rebels.

Molly and Murphy have overheard this. Learning that Murphy is a musician, the Lieutenant hires him to play the bagpipes, anticipating a victory over the rebels. Molly is aghast when he accepts, as she believes his loyalties should be on the Irish side.

Rosie, too, is distraught, as she fears O'Brien will be in grave danger, but it turns out O'Brien has not yet left for the caves. Rosie warns him that soldiers are on the way, and O'Brien is sure that Bunn has betrayed them. Bunn comes out of Murphy's cottage dressed as an old man, but O'Brien quickly sees through the disguise. O'Brien threatens to kill him, but Molly comes forward with an idea for deterring the soldiers. She knows they are afraid of fairies. She plans to tell them that the Caves of Carrig-Cleena are haunted, and she will impersonate the Fairy Cleena herself. Thinking quickly, Professor Bunn offers to tell the soldiers that he has been imprisoned by the fairies for the last fifty years, and that the same fate awaits them should they go near the caves. Terrence concludes that Bunn will be useful, after all.

The soldiers enter with great pomp. Molly, Bunn, and the others play out their trick, and as expected the soldiers are greatly affected by it. Murphy suggests that the fairies can cure his blindness, but Molly (impersonating the Fairy Cleena) insists that they cannot. The Lord Lieutenant orders the soldiers to attack the rebels, but they have been taken in by the ruse. Panic-stricken, the soldiers disperse.

### Act II

*Scene: The Caves of Carrig Cleena.*

The peasant rebels nervously await the soldiers' arrival. At first, they are relieved when O'Brien tells them of Professor Bunn's successful ruse. But then Molly rushes in, and tells them the soldiers have changed their minds, and that Carrig-Cleena is now surrounded. Once again, O'Brien suspects that Professor Bunn has deceived them. Bagpipes are heard in the distance, which they all presume are played by Blind Murphy. They suspect that he, too, is a spy.

Rosie and Susan enter. The rebels are aghast to learn that O'Brien's lover is no other than the Lord Lieutenant's daughter. He explains that they had met in London, before they realized that they were on opposite sides of the conflict. He says that they are engaged, but Rosie warns that they cannot be married without her father's consent, which he would never give.

Professor Bunn arrives, and the rebels seize him. O'Brien tells Bunn that the only way he can avoid death is if he can frighten away the eight hundred English soldiers that are now surrounding the area. They develop a plan whereby Molly will once again appear as the Fairy Cleena, with her image projected on the rocks by an apparatus that Bunn provides. Bunn is to appear as a goblin. Rosie will hide behind the rocks and sing a love-song, purportedly the fairies' siren song.

Murphy arrives. He plans to pretend that he has spoken with the fairies, and is cured of his blindness. Professor Bunn decides to try the elaborate ruse. Rosie sings in the background, with Molly's image projected on the rocks. Murphy is overwhelmed, and falls senseless on the stage. O'Brien, however, is not impressed, as the idea was that Murphy would run off and tell the soldiers what had happened, frightening them away. Bunn persuades O'Brien to let him have one more try at it.

When Murphy revives, the rebels accuse him of being a spy, and they put him on trial. Molly stands up in his defence, pointing out that a blind man can't be a spy. Murphy finally admits that he has never been blind. Molly is ashamed by his deception. Terence tells Murphy that he is banished. He sings a sad farewell, and Molly is moved. She admits that she loves him.

The Sergeant enters in advance of the troops. O'Brien warns him of the dangerous Fairy Cleena. Professor Bunn bewitches the Sergeant, and when the Lord Lieutenant enters with the Countess, they find the Sergeant apparently insane. Professor Bunn tells the Lieutenant that he is a researcher looking for fairies and has found them. The Lieutenant doesn't believe him, and he asks Dr. Fiddle to confirm that fairies do not exist.

As there are no rebels around, the Lieutenant believes he has been tricked. He offers a reward of a thousand guineas to anyone who can identify the person responsible. Professor Bunn admits to writing the letter and asks for the reward. The Lieutenant says that he shall have it, but that he will also be shot for rebellion.

The rebels appear, and the Lieutenant orders their arrest. O'Brien steps forward and insists that if anyone is to be shot, he should be the first. Rosie takes her place at his side, and tells her father that they are in love. The Lieutenant insists that she may only marry a man of royal blood. O'Brien replies that he is descended from Brian Boru, an ancient King of Ireland, which removes the Lieutenant's objection, but the Lieutenant responds that O'Brien will nevertheless be shot for treason.

Professor Bunn, however, points out that all English noblemen nowadays are more than half American, and America is the friend of Ireland. Therefore, the Lieutenant is a friend of the rebels, and it would be absurd to have them shot. The Lieutenant agrees that this is conclusive, and all ends happily.

## Musical numbers

* Overture (includes "We don't intend to go to Carrig-Cleena", "Bedad it's for him" and the "Jig") †

Act I * 1. "Have ye heard the brave news?" (Chorus of Peasants) ‡
* 2. "My Friends... I'm descended from Brian Boru" (Terence and Chorus) ‡
* 3. "Of Viceroys though we've had" (Murphy and Chorus)
* 4. "If you wish to appear as an Irish type" (Bunn and Chorus)
* 5. "On the Heights of Glantaun" (Molly, Terence, and Murphy)
* 6. "Two is Company" (Rosie, Susan, Terence & Bunn)
* 7. Entrance of Lord Lieut., Countess and Chaplain: "I am the Lord Lieutenant" (Lord Lieut., Countess, and Dr. Fiddle)

* 8. "At an early stage of life" (Lord Lieut. with Rosie, Countess, and Dr. Fiddle)
* 9. "When Alfred's friends their king forsook" (Countess) †
* 10. "Oh, setting sun you bid the world good-bye" (Rosie) †
* 11. "Their courage high you may defy" (Rosie, Susan, Molly, Terence and Bunn)
* 12. Entrance of Soldiers: "That we're soldiers no doubt you will guess" (Chorus of Soldiers and Girls)
* 13. "Now this is the song of the Devonshire Men" (Sergeant and Chorus) †
* 14. Entrance of Bunn: "It is past my comprehension... Many years ago I strode" (Bunn and Molly with Chorus)
* 15. "Their fathers fought at Ramillies" (Ensemble)

Act II * 16. "Is there anyone approachin" (Chorus of Peasant Men with Dan)
* 17. "Bedad, it's for him that will always employ" (Chorus of Men) †
* 18. "Jig" (Peasants) †
* 18a. "Och, the spalpeen! Let him drown!" (Chorus) †
* 19. "Oh have you met a man in debt" (Terence and Chorus)
* 20. "Twas in Hyde Park, beside the row" (Rosie, Terence, and Chorus)
* 21. "I cannot play at love" (Molly, Kathleen, Bunn, Rosie, and Chorus) †
* 22. "Oh the age, in which we're living" (Bunn, with Susan) †
* 23. "Sing a rhyme" (Kathleen, Terence, Bunn, Susan, and Chorus)
* 24. "Listen, hearken my lover" (Rosie, Terence and Murphy) †
* 25 "Good-bye my native town" (Murphy) †
* 26. "I love you! I love you!" (Molly and Murphy) †
* 27. "There was once a little soldier" (Terence with Chorus)
* 28. "With a big shillelagh" (Ensemble)

*Number composed entirely by German*  *Number composed entirely by Sullivan*


abstract: The Gardens at the Springs Preserve, is an 8-acre (3.2 ha) desert botanical garden located in Las Vegas, Nevada. The gardens are currently located in the Las Vegas Springs Preserve at 333 S. Valley View Blvd. Designed to teach water conservation through water-efficient landscaping, the Gardens offers free classes, demonstrations and expert advice.

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# The Gardens at the Las Vegas Springs Preserve

**The Gardens at the Springs Preserve**, is an 8-acre (3.2 ha) desert botanical garden located in Las Vegas, Nevada. The gardens are currently located in the Las Vegas Springs Preserve at 333 S. Valley View Blvd.

Designed to teach water conservation through water-efficient landscaping, the Gardens offers free classes, demonstrations and expert advice.

## History

Located at 3701 West Alta Drive, the 2.5-acre (1.0 ha) **Kiwanis Water Conservation Park** opened in 1982 and contained over 300 species of desert-compatible plants arranged in a dozen gardens. The park was constructed on land donated by the Las Vegas Valley Water District. In 1986 the water district developed a master plan for the park. Following renovations to implement the master plan, the park was renamed and reopened in 1990 as the **Desert Demonstration Gardens**.

The Demonstration Gardens closed in early 2007 to facilitate moving to the new location. At the time, the site contained over 1,200 species of plants mostly from the deserts of the southwest. Since the plants are mature, many were moved in boxes as large as 84 inches (2.1 m) to the new site.

The gardens reopened on June 8, 2007 at the Springs Preserve.

36°10′07″N 115°11′21″W / 36.168571°N 115.189092°W / 36.168571; -115.189092


title: The Giddy Game Show

abstract: The Giddy Game Show is an animated quiz show for pre-school children, on Children's ITV made by Yorkshire Television from 1985 to 1987. Scripts were by Marian Lines and Joy Whitby. The first interactive children's television programme. Using technology developed by Peter Schrek, children had a wand to indicate objects on the screen.

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# The Giddy Game Show

***The Giddy Game Show*** is an animated quiz show for pre-school children, on Children's ITV made by Yorkshire Television from 1985 to 1987. Scripts were by Marian Lines and Joy Whitby. The first interactive children's television programme. Using technology developed by Peter Schrek, children had a wand to indicate objects on the screen.

## Overview

The programme was set in a scientific observatory inhabited by Giddy, a friendly alien who flew around on a magic pink pencil, setting simple games and puzzles.

Redvers Kyle provided the voice for Giddy, although the little alien sounded very different from the familiar and distinctive sound of Kyle in his regular role as programme announcer for Yorkshire Television.

The other characters that inhabited the observatory were a stupid but lovable gorilla called Gorilla (voiced by Bernard Bresslaw), and a professor called Gus (voiced by Richard Vernon).

Games graphics were by John Sharp and Avram Buchanan.

## Transmission guide

* Series 1: 26 editions from 19 September 1985 – 27 March 1986
* Series 2a: 11 editions from 7 October 1986 – 16 December 1986
* Series 2b: 15 editions from 14 April 1987 – 1 September 1987

## InfoBox

| *The Giddy Game Show* | |
| --- | --- |
| Written by |  |
| Country of origin | United Kingdom |
| Original language | English |
| No. of seasons | 2 |
| No. of episodes | 52 |
| Production | |
| Production company | Yorkshire Television |
| Original release | |
| Network | ITV |
| Release | 19 September 1985 (1985-09-19) <br>1 September 1987 (1987-09-01) |


title: The Entertainer (play)

abstract: The Entertainer is a three-act play by John Osborne, first produced in 1957. His first play, Look Back in Anger, had attracted mixed notices but a great deal of publicity. Having depicted an "angry young man" in the earlier play, Osborne wrote at Laurence Olivier's request about an angry middle-aged man in The Entertainer. Its main character is Archie Rice, a failing music-hall performer. Years later, Tony Richardson, who directed The Entertainer's premiere season, described Archie as "the embodiment of a national mood... Archie was the future, the decline, the sourness, the ashes of old glory, where Britain was heading". The first performance was given on 10 April 1957 at the Royal Court Theatre, London. This theatre was well-known for its commitment to new and non-traditional drama, and the inclusion of a West End star such as Olivier in the cast caused much interest.

text:
# The Entertainer (play)

***The Entertainer*** is a three-act play by John Osborne, first produced in 1957. His first play, *Look Back in Anger*, had attracted mixed notices but a great deal of publicity. Having depicted an "angry young man" in the earlier play, Osborne wrote at Laurence Olivier's request about an angry middle-aged man in *The Entertainer*. Its main character is Archie Rice, a failing music-hall performer. Years later, Tony Richardson, who directed *The Entertainer*'s premiere season, described Archie as "the embodiment of a national mood ... Archie was the future, the decline, the sourness, the ashes of old glory, where Britain was heading". The first performance was given on 10 April 1957 at the Royal Court Theatre, London. This theatre was well-known for its commitment to new and non-traditional drama, and the inclusion of a West End star such as Olivier in the cast caused much interest.

## Synopsis

The play is in three acts, sub-divided into thirteen scenes. Some are set in the Rice family's house, and others show Archie Rice on stage at the music hall.

### Act 1

* Billy Rice, a retired music-hall star, settles down at home and is interrupted by his granddaughter Jean, making an unannounced visit. They talk about Archie (Billy's son, and Jean's father) and Phoebe, Archie's second wife, Jean's stepmother. Billy speaks negatively of them and of modern society in general.
* In a music hall, Archie opens the show with a short would-be comic patter and a brief song and dance routine. The song is called "Why should I care?" and ends, "If they see that you're blue, they'll look down on you, So why should I bother to care?"
* At the house Billy, Phoebe and Jean drink and talk. Jean explains she had a disagreement with Graham, her fiancé, breaking their engagement. They also discuss Archie's sons, Mick and Frank. Mick is in the army, fighting overseas, but Frank refused to be conscripted and served a six-month jail sentence in consequence.
* Back at the music hall, Archie delivers further ingratiating comic patter and sings a jingoistic song in praise of the British Empire and personal selfishness ("Number one's the only one for me!")
* At the house Archie returns from the theatre to find his daughter Jean visiting. He tells them his show did not go well, and makes some casually bigoted remarks about race and sexuality. He proposes a toast to the twentieth anniversary of his not paying income tax. Billy is unimpressed. Archie learns of Jean's broken engagement but appears unconcerned. Phoebe drinks too much and becomes emotional and retires to bed. Billy also turns in, leaving Archie and Jean alone. He reveals that Mick has been taken prisoner.

### Act 2

* The next day at the house, the rest of the family find out from the newspaper that Mick is a prisoner of war. They take comfort from the report which says he will be sent back home. Billy and Phoebe talk about Archie's lack of understanding. Billy talks about the good old days, and snaps at Phoebe for talking too much. Phoebe talks about Bill, Archie's brother, and how he bailed Archie out of a lot of trouble and has treated Phoebe kindly. Frank and Archie come home. Archie agrees Bill has been good to them. Frank wants to celebrate Jean's visit and Mick's homecoming. Archie gives a monologue about how crazy the family is and how it is hard for Jean to understand them well since she is the sensible one. Billy comes in from the kitchen and Phoebe finds that he has been eating the cake she has bought to welcome Mick back home. She becomes hysterical and Archie tries to calm the family down.
* At the music hall, Archie's patter consists of a series of insulting remarks about his wife. His song is "Thank God I'm normal", a hymn to mediocrity.
* Back at the house, members of the family bicker. Frank starts a sing-song; three generations of the Rice family join in singing "The Absent-Minded Beggar" and for a short while the atmosphere is happy. Phoebe shows Jean a letter from her brother's daughter. It is about her brother's business in Canada. She is thinking of having the family move to Canada to help the business. Archie dismisses the idea. Left alone with Jean, he says that behind his eyes he is dead, and nothing touches him any more. He tells her that his affections have moved from Phoebe to a much younger woman. Phoebe comes back and says the police are at the door. Archie assumes it is the income tax man. Frank comes in and announces that Mick has been killed.

### Act 3

* Frank, alone at the piano, sings about bringing Mick's body back.
* In the house, Billy reminisces nostalgically. Archie says he does not care about emotions. Jean criticises him bitterly, and Phoebe tries to defend him against her accusations. Jean tells Frank about Archie's love affair. Archie tries to bring Billy out of retirement to give the music hall show a boost. Jean disapproves because Billy is too old and frail. Archie tells Jean that Billy has sabotaged Archie's affair with the young woman by seeking her parents out and telling them that Archie is married.
* At the music hall, Archie announces that Billy will not appear tonight or ever again. He exits, and the scene fades into an image of Billy's funeral cortège.
* Two separate conversations take place between Jean and her boyfriend Graham on the one hand and Archie and his successful brother Bill on the other. Jean refuses to come back to Graham and insists that her place must be with Phoebe. Brother Bill has bought the family tickets to travel to Canada, but Archie refuses to go, though recognising that ruin and jail await him if he stays in England.
* At the music hall, Archie does not give his usual slick patter but discourses philosophically, and after a reprise of "Why should I care?", he leaves the stage in darkness. "Archie Rice has gone. There is only the music," reads the stage direction.

## Production

Years later, in *The Long-Distance Runner: An Autobiography,* Richardson reflected on the role the play played in his life: “I couldn't have articulated it, having never been introspective...(but) *The Entertainer* was a key moment in my development, because all the ideas and convictions I was to work with afterward were crystallized in its making.”

Writing for TCM, Felicia Feaster reports Richardson's memories of creating the play as well as the film: "The character of Archie Rice, which tapped into aspects of Larry's personality that he'd never used before, immediately obsessed him. He accepted the play before it was even finished." After rehearsals began, Richardson recalled, “His understanding of Archie was so complete that he could make anything work. He infected everyone with his enthusiasm.“

The original music for the play was composed by John Addison. Melodies by Thomas Hastings ("Rock of Ages"), Arthur Sullivan ("Onward Christian Soldiers" and "The Absent-Minded Beggar"), and George Ware ("The Boy I Love is Up in the Gallery") are also incorporated.

## Stage productions

The original production at the Royal Court was directed by Tony Richardson, with décor by Alan Tagg.

Original cast

The show transferred in September to the Palace Theatre in the West End, toured and returned to the Palace. During the run Joan Plowright left the cast and was replaced by Geraldine McEwan. Plowright rejoined the cast when the production opened in New York in February 1958. In the same year, a touring production was presented in the British provinces, starring John Slater as Archie and Bobby Howes as Billy.

London revivals have starred Max Wall (Greenwich Theatre, 1974); Peter Bowles (Shaftesbury Theatre, 1986); Robert Lindsay (Old Vic, 2007); and Kenneth Branagh (Garrick Theatre, 2016).

In August 2019, a new UK tour began at the Curve, Leicester, starring Shane Richie as Archie and directed by Sean O'Connor. In this production. the play was set in 1982, during the Falklands war. The final performance took place at Richmond Theatre in London on 30 November 2019.

## Adaptations

A 1960 film version was adapted by Nigel Kneale and John Osborne. It was directed by Tony Richardson and starred Laurence Olivier, Brenda De Banzie, Roger Livesey, Joan Plowright, Alan Bates, Daniel Massey, Thora Hird and Albert Finney. Olivier was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor for his performance.

On 10 March 1976, NBC broadcast a two-hour semi-musical version of the play, starring Jack Lemmon as Archie. The setting was changed to a seaside resort in the United States; Marvin Hamlisch wrote the music, Tim Rice (Sir Timothy, since 1994) provided the lyrics.

Michael Gambon starred in a production for the BBC broadcast on 4 December 1993.

In November 2008, BBC Radio 7 broadcast a radio version, adapted by John Foley, featuring Bill Nighy as Archie, Cheryl Campbell as Phoebe, David Bradley as Billy, Sarah Jane Holm as Jean and Bertie Carvel as Frank.

## Critical reception

Olivier played Archie to sellout crowds in London and New York, but as critic Janet Feaster observes, when it came to the film, critics were divided, and.”despite a remarkable performance, Olivier ultimately never achieved the stunning success and adoration with the cinematic version that he had enjoyed with the play.“

In *The Observer*, Kenneth Tynan wrote, "Mr Osborne has had the big and brilliant notion of putting the whole of contemporary England onto one and the same stage ... He chooses, as his national microcosm, a family of run-down vaudevillians. Grandad, stately and retired, represents Edwardian graciousness, for which Mr Osborne has a deeply submerged nostalgia. But the key figure is Dad, a fiftyish song-and-dance man reduced to appearing in twice-nightly nude revue."

In April 1957, *The Manchester Guardian* was lukewarm, finding the climax of the play "banal" but added, "Sir Laurence brings to the wretched hero a wonderful sniggering pathos now and then and ultimately gives the little figure some tragic size. It is no great play but no bad evening either."

*The Times* made no connection between the play and the condition of post-Imperial Britain, in its April 1957 review, regarding the play as almost "the sombre, modern equivalent of Pinero's *Trelawny of the Wells*." By the time of the 1974 revival, *The Times* was agreeing with Tynan: "Everyone remembers *The Entertainer* for its brilliant equation between Britain and a dilapidated old music hall", but added that the play is also "one of the best family plays in our repertory".

In his August 2016 review of the production starring Branagh, Henry Hitchings observed: “As for Osborne's play, it hasn't aged all that well, with its flashes of misogyny now pretty hard to stomach. Yet it still has unsettling resonance as a portrait of Britain in decline.”

* Osborne, John. *The Entertainer*, Faber and Faber, London, 1957
* Tynan, Kenneth. *Tynan on Theatre*, Penguin Books, London, 1964


title: The Essentials (The Cars album)

abstract: The Essentials by The Cars is a compilation of hits released by WEA International in 2005.

text:
# The Essentials (The Cars album)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *Encyclopedia of Popular Music* |  |

***The Essentials*** by The Cars is a compilation of hits released by WEA International in 2005.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Ric Ocasek

| No. | Title | Original album | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "My Best Friend's Girl" | *The Cars* | 3:44 |
| 2. | "You Might Think" | *Heartbeat City* | 3:04 |
| 3. | "Since You're Gone" | *Shake It Up* | 3:30 |
| 4. | "Shake It Up" | *Shake It Up* | 3:32 |
| 5. | "Just What I Needed" | *The Cars* | 3:43 |
| 6. | "Magic" | *Heartbeat City* | 3:57 |
| 7. | "Touch and Go" | *Panorama* | 4:55 |
| 8. | "Drive" | *Heartbeat City* | 3:55 |
| 9. | "You Are the Girl" | *Door to Door* | 3:52 |
| 10. | "Candy-O" | *Candy-O* | 2:36 |
| 11. | "Tonight She Comes" | *Greatest Hits* | 3:52 |
| 12. | "Let's Go" | *Candy-O* | 3:33 |

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| The Essentials | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Compilation album by The Cars | |
| Released | 2005 |
| Recorded | 1978–1987 |
| Genre | New wave |
| Label | WEA International |
| Producer | Roy Thomas Baker, Robert John "Mutt" Lange, Mike Shipley, Ric Ocasek, The Cars with David McLees |
| The Cars chronology | |
| *Complete Greatest Hits*
(2002) ***The Essentials***
(2005) *Classic Tracks*
(2008) | |


title: The Fall of Tobruk

abstract: The Fall of Tobruk is a board wargame published by Conflict Games in 1975 that simulates the Second Battle of Tobruk during World War II.

text:
# The Fall of Tobruk

***The Fall of Tobruk*** is a board wargame published by Conflict Games in 1975 that simulates the Second Battle of Tobruk during World War II.

## Background

After the British under Archibald Wavell had defeated the Italian 10th Army in Libya in 1940, Wavell was not allowed to continue the offensive to capture the port of Tripolitania. This allowed the Afrika Korps under Erwin Rommel to land, and the Germans went on the offensive. After defeating the British forces around the important port of Tobruk in 1941, forcing them to retreat to Egypt, Rommel attacked Tobruk itself.

## Description

*The Fall of Tobruk* is a two-player board wargame in which one player controls the Axis attackers, while the other player controls the British defenders. The victory condition is very simple: whoever controls Tobruk at the end of the game is the winner.

With over 350 die-cut counters and a large 19" x 25" mounted hex grid map, the game is moderately complex. Like many games of the period, *Fall of Tobruk* uses an alternating system of turns where the German player acts first, using three phases:

1. Reinforcement phase
2. Artillery fire phase
3. Movement/Combat phase: Unlike most wargames of the period where one player moves all units and then fires all units, the active player can move a unit and then use it to fire, before moving and firing another unit. This allows the player to exploit breakthroughs as they happen. If the active player uses antitank fire against an enemy tank, the tank can fire back.

Once the German player completes these phases, the British player is given the same opportunity. This completes one turn, which represents 24 hours of game time.

## Publication history

In 1975, Frank Chadwick designed *The Fall of Tobruk*, which was then published by Conflict Games.

## Reception

In a 1976 poll conducted by Simulations Publications Inc. to determine the most popular board wargames in North America, *The Fall of Tobruk* placed 80th out of 202 games.

In Issue 23 of *Moves* (October–November 1975), Richard Berg noted that by coincidence, a number of wargames about Tobruk had been published at about the same time, but called *The Fall of Tobruk* "Possibly the best of the new Tobruk games." He thought the new play sequence "uniquely demonstrates the fluidity of desert warfare," and thought the game was "tense and tough." He concluded, "An intelligent and interested approach to the rules produces possibly the best game on this level and area. By all means, grab yourself a copy of this one."

In his 1977 book *The Comprehensive Guide to Board Wargaming*, Nick Palmer called *Fall of Tobruk* a "pleasant tactical game by the makers of *Bar-Lev*." Palmer found the combat system to be "fluid", and noted the importance of mines, and subsequently of engineers to remove the mines.

## Awards

At the 1976 Origins Awards, *The Fall of Tobruk* was a finalist for the Charles S. Roberts Award in the category "Best Professional Game of 1975".

## Other reviews and commentary


title: The Gold Standard (newspaper)

abstract: The Gold Standard was a weekly newspaper published by the News Enterprise from 1948 to 2018. Designed to serve military and civilian personnel on the U.S. Army post Fort Knox, it was produced under a partnership arrangement with the Army, though was editorially independent.

text:
# The Gold Standard (newspaper)

***The Gold Standard*** (previously known as the ***Inside the Turret*** and ***Turret***) was a weekly newspaper published by the *News Enterprise* from 1948 to 2018. Designed to serve military and civilian personnel on the U.S. Army post Fort Knox, it was produced under a partnership arrangement with the Army, though was editorially independent.

## InfoBox

The Gold Standard
| Type | Weekly newspaper |
| --- | --- |
| Website | www.fkgoldstandard.com |


title: The Fast Buck

abstract: The Fast Buck, also known as The Soft Touch, is a 1952 thriller mystery novel by British author James Hadley Chase.

text:
# The Fast Buck

***The Fast Buck***, also known as *The Soft Touch*, is a 1952 thriller mystery novel by British author James Hadley Chase.

## Synopsis

***The fast buck*** runs around a complexed set of events and interactions between different people out to find a hidden Indian treasure with different intentions, soon involving a ruthless criminal who is on the run after a homicide in an attempted robbery.

## Plot

The story opens with hotelier Ralph Rico rendezvousing with acquaintance Verne Baird, a ruthless killer who has just knocked off actress Jean Bruce to steal her necklace, and wants Rico to sell it safely for him. Baird then runs for safety. Officer Olin shortly comes in and reveals that Jean Bruce has died and he strongly suspects Baird, but Rico denies any knowledge of the killer or the necklace.

It is then shown that the Maharajah of Chittabad in India has come to claim a treasure of Indian jewels that his father had shipped to New York to donate to a museum long back, but was stolen and its whereabouts unknown, although the thief who attempted the robbery, Paul Hater, is serving a prison sentence due to end in two years. The Rajah now wants the insurance company to make good the loss of the treasure, but the latter suspect that he is trying to exploit them by finding the treasure for himself and disposing it whilst making a false claim for insurance money, and have employed private investigator Harmon Purvis' agency to spy on him. Ed Dallas, sidekick to Purvis, spies on a couple visiting the Rajah and reports his findings to his boss. The couple are one Preston Kile from San Francisco and his companion Eve Gillis.

Olin finds Baird and pursues him, but as fate would have it, Baird lands up in the apartment of Anita Jackson, a waitress, who hides him from the police and nurses him to good health for days, much to Baird's surprise, in return for nothing. For some reason, Anita hates the police. Baird then gets time to prepare an alibi with friends in New York, and Olin is not able to pin the homicide-robbery on him. Baird develops a fascination for Anita and decides to meet her again.

Next the plot moves to Preston Kile, a broke Stock exchange manipulator and roadside romeo, and Eve Gillis, an ex model, staying with him. She convinces him to agree to find the Rajah's treasure for the Rajah against all odds. But Eve is actually working in hand with her wayward brother Adam Gillis, both of whom wish to usurp the Rajah's prize money and then ditch Kile.

Kile and Eve decide to 'kidnap' Hater from the Bellmore State Prison Farm and obtain the treasure whereabouts from him, as advised by Adam, and they meet Rico to find someone for this, who suggests Baird for a commission; the killer agrees to do the work for 10,000 dollars if he succeeds and 5000 even if he fails. Rico in the meantime gives the stolen necklace to Kile for safe disposal. Adam later scrutinises Kile's apartment secretly and notes this.

Baird's movements are noted by Purvis' agents spying on everyone. Baird however notes this, and thinks there's more than meets the eye. He understands Kile's intention behind kidnapping Hater. Baird ends up killing Dallas' girlfriend Zoe Norton spying on him for Dallas' sake, and brutally wounds two of Purvis' detectives too.

Baird is now on the run as he and Rico are seen fleeing by Dallas after killing Zoe, with a look out notice for him everywhere, and a helpless Rico, witness to his activities, is forced to run with him, leaving behind his club and businesses. Baird sets off with Rico to kidnap Hater from the Red river swamps. They break away with Hater being brought to them by Baird's inside man Noddy, whom Baird kills when Noddy tries to double cross and kill them.

Unfortunately lady luck does not smile on Baird and Rico anymore. An attack dog fatally bites Baird's left arm, and he takes ill soon after the bite with rapid sepsis, and the prison police soon catch up with them on the riverbank. Rico is shot in the ensuing scuffle and soon attacked and devoured by an alligator in the river. Baird decides to go to the Maharajah directly and deliver Hater.

The plot now switches to Adam Gillis and his sister. Adam secretly watches Kile waiting for Baird at the pre decided location to receive Hater. He then anonymously calls the police and informs them that Kile has the missing necklace they're looking for, and Kile is arrested. He then proceeds to Eve's apartment, where it is revealed that Adam was all along in hand with the Chittabad Maharajah, and had planned the whole game with him. Adam had previously helped the Rajah in India, and the latter tasked him with finding his treasure by extracting information from Hater, in return for a job in India. Adam was only using Eve and Kile as stooges to get Hater out, should in case anything go wrong. But now that the plan has failed and Baird is delivering Hater by himself, Adam didn't need Kile anymore and got rid of him by tipping police about the necklace. Adam tells Eve to come with him to India to become the Rajah's concubine, to which Eve flatly refuses. In anger Adam tries to kill Eve but is stopped by the spying Dallas. He sends them both to hospital.

The last phase and twist of the story moves to Baird. Slowly dying of gangrene and sepsis, he forgets about the gagged and bound Hater with him and drives to Anita's apartment to meet her. Olin and Dallas arrive with cops, and both question Anita. Hater is found dead of suffocation and injury in Baird's car already. At this point it is revealed by Anita that Hater was actually her father, and she was waiting for him all these years to return. Dallas sends Anita to meet the sick but armed Baird alone in her apartment. Anita tells Baird who actually Hater was, and Baird says he didn't mean to kill him. She also tells him at this point that there really is no treasure existent now because it was taken by her mother (Hater's wife) when Hater was arrested long back, abroad on a ship which sank with the treasure but her mother was saved and she moved on with life. Anita helped Baird because she dislikes police for what they did to Hater. Anita then leaves, and Olin and Dallas confront Baird. A now remorseful Baird requests them not to charge Anita with sheltering him before, and dies.

Olin decides to leave Anita out of the case. Prodded by Purvis, Dallas speaks to Anita and offers her money for any information on the treasure, but she flatly denies knowledge about it and walks away. The impressed Dallas offers to help Anita in future.

## Character list

* **Ralph Rico** \- Hotelier with underhand connections
* **Verne Baird** \- Ruthless Killer
* **Jean Bruce** \- Actress
* **Harmon Purvis** \- Private detective, with subordinates spying on everyone in the case
* **Ed Dallas** \- Sidekick working for Purvis
* **Maharajah of Chittabad**
* **Paul Hater** \- Jewel thief
* **Preston Kile** \- Stock market manipulator and Eve's compatriot
* **Eve Gillis** \- Kile's compatriot and Adam's sister
* **Adam Gillis** \- Eve's brother
* **Anita Jackson** \- Waitress
* **Olin** \- Policeman investigating the case
* **Zoe Norton** \- Dallas girlfriend
* **Noddy**\- Inside man for Baird

## InfoBox

The Fast Buck
| First edition | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | James Hadley Chase |
| Original title | *The Soft Touch* |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Robert Hale |
| Publication date | 1952 |
| Publication place | UK |


title: The Fashionable Lady

abstract: The Fashionable Lady is a 1730 comedy play by James Ralph. It premiered at the Goodman's Fields Theatre in Whitechapel with a cast that included William Giffard as Meanwell, James Lacy as Drama, Thomas Smith as Whim and Anna Marcella Giffard as Mrs Sprightly. The play has been described as "a hyperbolic take-off on The Beggar's Opera." It was a moderate success and poked fun at the sorry state of English drama, uncritical acceptance of Italian opera, and the stupidity of theater managers.

text:
# The Fashionable Lady

***The Fashionable Lady*** is a 1730 comedy play by James Ralph.

It premiered at the Goodman's Fields Theatre in Whitechapel with a cast that included William Giffard as Meanwell, James Lacy as Drama, Thomas Smith as Whim and Anna Marcella Giffard as Mrs Sprightly. The play has been described as "a hyperbolic take-off on *The Beggar's Opera*." It was a moderate success and poked fun at the sorry state of English drama, uncritical acceptance of Italian opera, and the stupidity of theater managers.

## Bibliography

* Burling, William J. *A Checklist of New Plays and Entertainments on the London Stage, 1700-1737*. Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press, 1992.
* Nicoll, Allardyce. *A History of Early Eighteenth Century Drama: 1700-1750*. CUP Archive, 1927.

## InfoBox

| The Fashionable Lady | |
| --- | --- |
| Written by | James Ralph |
| Date premiered | 2 April 1730 |
| Place premiered | Goodman's Fields Theatre |
| Original language | English |
| Genre | Comedy |


title: The Gaze (novel)

abstract:
The Gaze is a novel written by Turkish writer Elif Şafak. It was first published in Turkey in 1999.
The novel won the Turkish Authors' Association 2000 prize for "best novel". An English translation was published in 2006 by Marion Boyars Publishers. The novel consists of four separated, but coherent and interrelated parts that are split according to the place and the age where each independent story occurs. Each part may include different characters and narrator. The stories explore the philosophy of "gaze", in which characters may either gaze or become the subjects to be gazed and the fundamental differences between the perspectives of male and female.

text:
# The Gaze (novel)

***The Gaze*** (Turkish title *Mahrem*) is a novel written by Turkish writer Elif Şafak. It was first published in Turkey in 1999. The novel won the Turkish Authors' Association 2000 prize for "best novel". An English translation was published in 2006 by Marion Boyars Publishers.

The novel consists of four separated, but coherent and interrelated parts that are split according to the place and the age where each independent story occurs. Each part may include different characters and narrator. The stories explore the philosophy of *"gaze"*, in which characters may either gaze or become the subjects to be gazed and the fundamental differences between the perspectives of male and female.

## Characters

### Istanbul – 1999

* **B-C** – A dwarf who loves to gaze and be gazed by people. He is the lover of the narrator and they are often gazed upon because of their reversed physical appearances – an obese woman and a short man. He is addicted to writing the Dictionary of Gazes and uses the narrator as an object.
* **The Narrator** – Being an obese woman, the narrator cannot stay out of people's sight even for a moment. B-C is the only one who does not gaze at her. The moment when the narrator finds out that B-C is in fact a dwarf, she thinks that they are the same type of people, afraid of being the focus in crowd. Therefore, the narrator feels comfortable in front of B-C, and has an immediate crush on him.

### Pera – 1885

* **Keramet Mumi Keske Memis Efendi** – A man with slanted and narrow eyes. His creation allows him to gather as much people around him as he observes their reactions – the cherry colored tent.
* **Sabel girl** – The character whose story is introduced in *Siberia-1648*.
* **La Belle Annabelle** – The character whose story is introduced in *France – 1868.*

### France – 1868

* **La Belle Annabelle**: The most beautiful jinn of the poisonous yew forest and most beautiful creature in the world. She is the main actor in eastward cherry-colored tent.
* **Madame de Marelle** (Madeleine): La Belle Annabelle's mother. She falls in love with the young prince, and has an affair, which result to the birth of La Belle Annabelle. She refuses to take care of La Belle Annabelle since the day she was born.
* **Monsieur de Marelle**: La Belle Annabelle's father. He refuses to take care of Annabelle after he discovers the portray of the handsome man and is reminded of him when he sees Annabelle.
* **Unnamed young man**: A beautiful young man who could make any virgin fall for him. He becomes the object of Madame de Marelle's obsession who eventually has an affair with him. This results in the birth of La Belle Annabelle.
* **Wet nurse**: She was hired to take care of La Belle Annabelle. She falls in love with the baby. However, after she knows the truth that La Belle Annabelle is the product of Madam de Marelle's affair, she grows the distance between her and the beautiful baby. Despite that, she worries about La Belle Annabelle when La Belle Annabelle left the mansion.
* **Troupe leader**: He buys Annabelle from her family with the belief that she can bring wealth to his troupe. He gives her a name “La Belle Annabelle” and brings her to Istanbul to perform. However, his belief never come true which result him to sell La Belle Annabelle to Efendi.

## Plot

### Istanbul – 1999

Soon after B-C and the narrator meet, they become lovers and live together. The narrator thinks that the new place that she is living in is more comfortable and is even better than her own home that she used to share with her parents. Even though the narrator knows and feels that her parents love and care about her, she thinks that when she looks into their eyes, she sees the pain inside. She is different from others and she does not feel comfortable. Unfortunately, B-C decides to write a Dictionary of Gaze, and the narrator feels that she is being neglected while the Dictionary of the Gaze becomes the first thing in B-C's mind. Even though they live in the same house, they began to see less and less of each other as time pass by.

B-C encourages the narrator to go out cross-dressing. While they are outside, the narrator fights with a man for B-C under the gaze of a circled crowd. The next day, the narrator decides to go on a diet because she doesn't like to be constantly looked upon. She becomes increasingly anxious as B-C focuses on the Dictionary of Gazes every day and he sees everything as material. When she reads the Dictionary of Gazes she discovers one of the vocabularies.

sisko (fatty): She was so fat that wherever she went, people would stop whatever they were doing and stare at her. The way people looked at her made her so uncomfortable that she would eat even more and become even fatter. (P242 The Gaze)

The narrator feels pain as she realises she is just an object observed by B-C. She starts eating like crazy again. Then she rises to the air like a floating balloon, in the eyes of a lonely-child.

### Pera – 1885

The Pera narrative focuses on the character of Keramet Mumi Keske Memis Efendi. Efendi's birth causes his mother's death; he is born with a wax-like, featureless face. His aunt hurriedly "draws" him a face, but the wax hardens before his eyes could be completed. Efendi's wedding night is the turning point of his life; his beautiful but deaf and mute fiancée asks to leave due his expressionless eyes. Efendi observes his slanted eyes for the first time and remains in solitude for a long time.

One day, Efendi is inspired that he will to gather as many people as possible to ease the pain of loneliness by building the cherry-colored tent that will be remembered forever. The cherry-colored tent is an important set piece of the novel. Women come together in packs and enter the through the west door of the tent to see the ugliest being in the world, Sable-girl. Women leave the tent in fear and misery, as they are scared of what they see. Proving that women fear of being alone and seeing others who are uglier than them. Men come to the tent alone as ordered and enter through the east door of the tent to see the most beautiful girl, La Belle Annabelle. Efendi concludes through his observation that men fear most of not being loved and being seen weeping.

### France – 1868

Madame de Marelle finds a large locked box containing a portrait of a handsome young man who becomes the object of her obsession. A married woman, Madame de Marelle is tortured by her desire for another man. When he arrives at her mansion in the flesh, she gives him a job, but eventually gives herself to him.

She gives birth to twins; one is ugly and one is beautiful. She loves the ugly baby, but neglects the beautiful one because it reminds her of the young man. As she decides not to take care of the beautiful baby, her husband Monsieur de Marelle hires a wet nurse to take care of her. The wet nurse really loves the beautiful baby, but later, she was also told to take care of the ugly one as Madam de Marelle gave up taking care of him. Meanwhile, Monsieur de Marelle has an affair with the nurse.

After discovering the young man's portrait, Monsieur and the nurse abandon the beautiful girl in favor of the ugly boy. Nevertheless, the girl is so enchanted by her own appearance and her reflection on the surface of the water that she does not realize when the sun sets or when it is getting dark.

A theater company comes to the village and one of the members sees the beautiful girl Annabelle who is dangling her legs in the river. The leader of the troupe, recognizing that her beauty can bring wealth and success to the troupe, buys her from the family and gives her a name—La Belle Annabelle. They depart with the girl to Istanbul, where she will become the main attraction on the female side of Efendi's cherry-coloured tent.


abstract: The Headies Award for Rookie of the Year is an award presented at The Headies, a ceremony that was established in 2006 and originally called the Hip Hop World Awards. It was first presented to Dammy Krane and Burna Boy in 2012

text:
# The Headies Award for Rookie of the Year

The **Headies Award for Rookie of the Year** is an award presented at The Headies, a ceremony that was established in 2006 and originally called the Hip Hop World Awards. It was first presented to Dammy Krane and Burna Boy in 2012

## Recipients

| Rookie of The Year | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Year | Nominee | Result |
| 2019 | Crayon |  |
| | Buju |  |
| | Barry Jhay | Won |
| | Oxlade |  |
| 2018 | Kidi |  |
| | Air Boy |  |
| | Teni | Won |
| | Junior Boy |  |
| | Peruzzi |  |
| 2015 | Ycee | Won |
| | Base one |  |
| | Koker |  |
| | Pepenazi |  |
| | HumbleSmith |  |
| | Young GreyC |  |
| 2014 | Reekado Banks | Won |
| | Young Grey C |  |
| | Slyde |  |
| 2012 | Dammy Krane and Burna Boy | Won |


abstract: The Headies Award for Best Vocal Performance (Female) is an award presented at The Headies, a ceremony that was established in 2006 and originally called the Hip Hop World Awards. First presented to Ego in 2006, the category is one of six categories not open to public voting.

text:
# The Headies Award for Best Vocal Performance (Female)

The **Headies Award for Best Vocal Performance (Female)** is an award presented at The Headies, a ceremony that was established in 2006 and originally called the Hip Hop World Awards. First presented to Ego in 2006, the category is one of six categories not open to public voting.

## Recipients

| Best Vocal Performance (Female) | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Year | Nominees | Result |
| 2020 | ***Niniola*** **– "Addicted"** | Won |
| | *Simi* – "No longer beneficial" | Nominated |
| | *Lindsey Abudei* – "One on the outside" | Nominated |
| | *J'dess* – "Chi Efo" | Nominated |
| | *Yemi Alade* – "Lai Lai" | Nominated |
| | *Imanse* – "Ajala" | Nominated |
| 2019 | Teni – "Uyo Meyo" | Won |
| | Good Girl LA – "Bless Me" | Nominated |
| | Waje – "Udue" | Nominated |
| | Tems – "Mr Rebel" | Nominated |
| | Falana – "Repeat" | Nominated |
| 2018 | Omawumi – "Butterflies" | Won |
| | Waje – "In the Air" | Nominated |
| | Simi – "Gone for Good" | Nominated |
| | Aramide – "Jowo" | Nominated |
| | Niniola – "Saro" | Nominated |
| | Niyola – "Where's the Love" (featuring Adekunle Gold) | Nominated |
| 2016 | Simi – "Love Don't Care" | Won |
| | Seyi Shay – "Right Now" | Nominated |
| | Aramide – "Love Me" (featuring Adekunle Gold) | Nominated |
| | Omawumi – "Play Na Play" (featuring Angélique Kidjo) | Nominated |
| 2015 | Aramide – "Iwo Nikan" | Won |
| | Waje – "Coco Baby" | Nominated |
| | Simi – "Tiff" | Nominated |
| | Yemi Alade – "Duro Timi" | Nominated |
| | Aṣa – "Bed of Stone" | Nominated |
| 2014 | Niyola – "Love to Love You" (featuring Banky W.) | Won |
| | Tiwa Savage – "Wanted" | Nominated |
| | Monica Ogah – "Window" | Nominated |
| | Ruby Gyang – "Good Man" | Nominated |
| 2013 | Nikki Laoye – "Only You" | Won |
| | Waje – "I Wish" | Nominated |
| | Niyola – "Toh Bad" | Nominated |
| | Seyi Shay – "Irawo" | Nominated |
| | Zaina – "Totally Yours" | Nominated |
| 2012 | Tiwa Savage – "Love Me (3x)" | Won |
| | Chidinma – "Kedike" | Nominated |
| | Ijeoma – "Oloomi" | Nominated |
| | Waje – "Na The Way" | Nominated |
| 2011 | Waje – "For a Minute" | Won |
| | Tiwa Savage – "Kele Kele Love" | Nominated |
| | Eva Alordiah – "God Hand" | Nominated |
| | Ego – "Fall In Love" | Nominated |
| 2010 | Lara George – "Keeper of My Dreams" | Won |
| | Ibiyemi – "Don't Leave Me" | Nominated |
| | Kefee – "Kokoroko" | Nominated |
| | Waje – "Kolo" | Nominated |
| | Eva Alordiah – "No Cry" | Nominated |
| 2009 | Omawumi – "In the Music" | Won |
| | Nikki Laoye – "Never Felt this Way" | Nominated |
| | Waje – "Somewhere" | Nominated |
| 2008 | Aṣa \- "Bibanke" | Won |
| | TY Bello – "Ekundayo" | Nominated |
| | Kween – "Jebele" | Nominated |
| | Lara George – "Ijoba Orun" | Nominated |
| 2006 | Ego – "Never Far Away" | Won |

## Category records

**Most wins**

| Rank | 1st | 2nd |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Artist | Omawumi | Ego
Aṣa
Lara George
Waje
Tiwa Savage
Nikki Laoye
Niyola
Aramide
Simi
Teni |
| Total wins | 2 Wins | 1 win |

**Most nominations**

| Rank | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Artist | Waje | Omawumi
Niyola
Aramide
Simi | Aṣa
Tiwa Savage
Seyi Shay
Eva Alordiah
Nikki Laoye
Ego
Lara George |
| Total noms | 8 nominations | 3 nominations | 2 nominations |

1. "The Headies Awards releases Nominees List for 12th Edition". BellaNaija. 13 April 2018. Retrieved 24 March 2019.
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17. Source: http://.nigeriafilms.com (2009-05-17). "Hip Hop World Awards 2009 winners". Modernghana.com. Retrieved 2014-05-17.
18. "HipHop World Awards 2009 Nominees Announced". Bella Naija. 2009-03-12. Retrieved 2014-05-17.
19. Greg (2008-03-31). "The Hip Hop World Awards". World Hip Hop Market. Retrieved 2014-05-17.

## InfoBox

| The Headies Award for Best Vocal Performance (Female) | |
| --- | --- |
| Awarded for | Individual Female Artiste with the most outstanding vocal performance on a single song or album |
| Country | Nigeria |
| Presented by | *Hip Hop World Magazine* |
| First awarded | 2006 |
| Last awarded | 2019 |
| Website | theheadies.com |


title: The Heart Raider

abstract: The Heart Raider is a 1923 silent film romantic comedy produced by Famous Players–Lasky and released by Paramount Pictures. It is based on an original story for the screen and was directed by Wesley Ruggles and starred Agnes Ayres and Mahlon Hamilton. A Czech release print survives at George Eastman House, Rochester, New York. Brothers Charles and Wesley Ruggles on a rare occasion work here on the same film. Future torch singer Helen Morgan has an uncredited extra part.

text:
# The Heart Raider

***The Heart Raider*** is a 1923 silent film romantic comedy produced by Famous Players–Lasky and released by Paramount Pictures. It is based on an original story for the screen and was directed by Wesley Ruggles and starred Agnes Ayres and Mahlon Hamilton. A Czech release print survives at George Eastman House, Rochester, New York.

Brothers Charles and Wesley Ruggles on a rare occasion work here on the same film. Future torch singer Helen Morgan has an uncredited extra part.

## Plot

## Cast

*uncredited*

## InfoBox

| The Heart Raider | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Wesley Ruggles |
| Produced by | Adolph Zukor
Jesse Lasky |
| Starring | Agnes Ayres
Mahlon Hamilton
Charles Ruggles |
| Cinematography | Charles Schoenbaum |
| Distributed by | Paramount Pictures |
| Release date | * June 10, 1923 (1923-06-10) |
| Running time | 6 reels |
| Country | United States |
| Languages | Silent
English intertitles |


title: The Heart Stone

abstract: The Heart Stone or Clach Cridhe in Perth and Kinross, Scotland is an ancient landmark on Rannoch Moor situated on the old 'Road to the Isles'. During the construction of the B846 road from Kinloch Rannoch to Rannoch railway station it was seen as an obstacle and was drilled and split and later it was moved to its present location in the 1950s to prevent it being submerged in the artificially enlarged Loch Eigheach Gaur Reservoir. The stone now stands beside the B846 road from the station to Kinloch Rannoch.

text:
# The Heart Stone

The **Heart Stone** or **Clach Cridhe** in Perth and Kinross, Scotland is an ancient landmark on Rannoch Moor situated on the old 'Road to the Isles'. During the construction of the B846 road from Kinloch Rannoch to Rannoch railway station it was seen as an obstacle and was drilled and split and later it was moved to its present location in the 1950s to prevent it being submerged in the artificially enlarged Loch Eigheach Gaur Reservoir. The stone now stands beside the B846 road from the station to Kinloch Rannoch.

## History

The ruins of Ceanncoille (The Head of the Wood) steading on the opposite side of Loch Eigheach from the stone was originally a stronghold of the Menzies clan and it is located at the edge of the Black Wood of Rannoch, a well known area for thieves and bandits on the 'Road to the Isles' or to the Falkirk trysts in times past. The old track between Ceanncoille, Tom a Mheirlich and the shielings at Carnach is under the waters of the enlarged loch which once had several small islands. The drovers' routes across the moor were marked by cairns on small knolls, signifying the safest routes as well as prominent features such as unusually shaped boulders, etc.

The road builders mainly followed an original track and found that the 'Heart Stone' would be an obstruction and rather than divert the road round it they split it in half using rock drills. Following the damage the stone acquired the appropriate soubriquet of the "Broken Heart Stone".

Lying on the side of the road the 'Heart Stone' was a well known landmark to locals and travellers alike over many centuries and when the then North of Scotland Hydro Electric Board proposed the Gaur Hydroelectric Scheme it became apparent that the stone would be submerged under the waters of a significantly enlarged Loch Eigheach. After a campaign involving letters arriving from all over the world the contractors on the job were instructed to move the circa 15 ton stone to the point where the old road from Corrour meets the B846 road to Rannoch Station. The Corrour road used to continue southwards; however, it is now submerged. The history of the stone is recorded on the information boards at Rannoch railway station. The boulder is likely to be a glacial erratic left here after the last ice age.

Notes   Sources  1. Cunningham, A.D. (1989). *Tales of Rannoch.* Pub. A.D. Cunningham. ISBN 0905452054

* \- Video and narrated history of the Broken Heart Stone.
* \- The Loch Eigheach Kelpies, Rannoch Moor, Scotland.
* \- The SSE Gaur Hydroelectric Scheme.
* \- Loch Eigheach.
* \- Meall na Meoig of Beinn Pharlagain.

## InfoBox

| Heart Stone | |
| --- | --- |
| The Heart Stone | |
| Heart StoneLocation within Perth and Kinross | |
| OS grid reference | NN 4467 5785 |
| Council area |  |
| Country | Scotland |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | Pitlochry |
|  | |
| Police | Scotland |
| Fire | Scottish |
| Ambulance | Scottish |
|  | |
|


abstract: The Imperial Commemorative Medal "In Memory of the 100th Anniversary of the Great War, 1914–1918", is a dynastic award instituted in 2015 by Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna of Russia, Head of the former Russian Imperial House. The award is determined for those who have made a significant contribution to the preservation of the memory of the heroic feats performed by the peoples of Russia and of allied soldiers during the World War I of 1914–1918. Medals were issued in the number of 400 pieces. The medal may exceptionally be awarded in a silver class.

text:
# The Imperial Commemorative Medal "In Memory of the 100th Anniversary of the Great War, 1914–1918"

The **Imperial Commemorative Medal "In Memory of the 100th Anniversary of the Great War, 1914–1918"** (Russian: *Императорская медаль «В память 100-летия Великой войны 1914-1918 гг»*), is a dynastic award instituted in 2015 by Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna of Russia, Head of the former Russian Imperial House.

The award is determined for those who have made a significant contribution to the preservation of the memory of the heroic feats performed by the peoples of Russia and of allied soldiers during the World War I of 1914–1918. Medals were issued in the number of 400 pieces. The medal may exceptionally be awarded in a silver class.

## Description

1. **Obverse**: the Imperial Medal are depicted three soldiers setting off for battle under a banner bearing the image of Christ. On this side are also inscribed the words "God is with us" and on either side are inscribed dates "1914",” on the left, and “1918,” on the right side.
2. **Reverse:** the personal monogram of the Head of the Russian Imperial House, H.I.H. The Grand Duchess Maria of Russia with words "Loyalty, Honor, and Self-Sacrifice are Immortal" which are surrounded by a laurel wreath. The diameter of the medal is 32 millimeters. The ribbon for the medal combines the colors of the Imperial House of Romanoff and the colors of the Order of St. George.

## List of laureates

Ukraine (de jure)

Russia

* A.G. Sizenko, Tsaritsyno Genealogical Society (2015).
* H. E. Nikolai Vasilievich Kutovoy, Metropolitan Panteleimon, Krasnoyarsk Eparchy (2017).

* Tatyana Vokueva, Saint Petersburg (2019).
* Dmitrij Borisov (2019).
* Andrei Matveev (2019).
* Valerij Kandalincov (2019).
* Lilia Ramileva, Alfred Khasanovich Khalikov's Institute of Archeology of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan (2019).
* Abdullin Halim Minnullov, Alfred Khasanovich Khalikov's Institute of Archeology of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan (2019).
* H. E. Sergei Ivanovich Ivannikov, Metropolitan Sergius, Barnaul Eparchy. Special class in silver (2020).
* Konstantin Vasilievich Yaroslavtsev, Biysk Museum of Local history (2020).

## InfoBox

| The Imperial Commemorative Medal “In Memory of the 100th Anniversary of the Great War, 1914–1918”
*Императорская медаль «В память 100-летия Великой войны 1914-1918 гг»*
 | |
| --- | --- |
| Obverse of the medal | |
| Awarded by  Head of the House of Romanov | |
| Type | Dynastic Order |
| Royal house | House of Romanov |
| Religious affiliation | Russian Orthodox |
| Motto | Loyalty, Honor, and Self-Sacrifice are Immortal |
| Awarded for | those who have made a significant contribution to the preservation of the memory of the heroic feats performed by the peoples of Russia and of allied soldiers during the WWI of 1914–1918 |
| Status | Currently awarded |
| Sovereign | Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna of Russia |
|
Ribbon of the medal

 | |


title: The Imperial Gazetteer of India

abstract: The Imperial Gazetteer of India was a gazetteer of the British Indian Empire, and is now a historical reference work. It was first published in 1881. Sir William Wilson Hunter made the original plans of the book, starting in 1869. The 1908, 1909 and 1931 "New Editions" have four encyclopedic volumes covering the geography, history, economics, and administration of India; 20 volumes of the alphabetically arranged gazetteer, listing places' names and providing statistics and summary information; and one volume each comprising the index and atlas. The New Editions were all published by the Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.

text:
# The Imperial Gazetteer of India

***The Imperial Gazetteer of India*** was a gazetteer of the British Indian Empire, and is now a historical reference work. It was first published in 1881. Sir William Wilson Hunter made the original plans of the book, starting in 1869.

The 1908, 1909 and 1931 "New Editions" have four encyclopedic volumes covering the geography, history, economics, and administration of India; 20 volumes of the alphabetically arranged gazetteer, listing places' names and providing statistics and summary information; and one volume each comprising the index and atlas. The New Editions were all published by the Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.

## Editions

The first edition of *The Imperial Gazetteer of India* was published in nine volumes in 1881. A second edition, augmented to fourteen volumes, was issued in the years 1885–87. After the death of Sir William Wilson Hunter in 1900, Sir Herbert Hope Risley, William Stevenson Meyer, Sir Richard Burn and James Sutherland Cotton compiled the twenty-six volume *Imperial Gazetteer of India*.

A revised form of the article on India, greatly enlarged and with statistics brought up to date, appeared as an independent volume in 1893, under the title of *The Indian Empire: Its Peoples, History, and Products.*

All of these were edited by Hunter, who formed the original plan of the work in 1869. A parallel series of publications known as the *Imperial Gazetteer of India: Provincial Series* were prepared.

## Volumes

* William Wilson Hunter (1881). *The Imperial Gazetteer of India* (1st ed.). London: Trübner & Co.

## InfoBox

The Imperial Gazetteer of India
| Cover of the 1931 edition, published by the Clarendon Press, Oxford. | |
| --- | --- |
| Publication date | 1881 |
| Media type | gazetteer |
| Text | *The Imperial Gazetteer of India* at Wikisource |


title: The Hungry Mile

abstract: The Hungry Mile is the name harbourside workers gave to the docklands area of Darling Harbour East, in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia in the Great Depression. Workers would walk from wharf to wharf in search of a job, often failing to find one. The system of day labour gave rise to similar conditions on many port areas, such as Melbourne's Wailing Wall. As stevedoring operations moved to ports at Port Botany and Port Kembla, the Government of New South Wales determined that this site should be renewed as an extension of the Sydney CBD with a significant new foreshore park providing recreational areas for a growing Sydney population. This area is being redeveloped into a recreational, business and shopping precinct. The area was officially part of Millers Point. In 2006, as part of the urban renewal plans, the State Government held a competition for the site's name. The Maritime Union of Australia campaigned to renew the "Hungry Mile" name, as an acknowledgement of the site's historical significance to waterside workers. The State Government named the area Barangaroo. The name honours Barangaroo, an important indigenous woman from Sydney's early history who was a powerful and colourful figure in the colonisation of Australia. She was also the wife of Bennelong, another important indigenous figure after whom Bennelong Point is named, the site of the Sydney Opera House. A section of Barangaroo, Hickson Road between the Munn Street overbridge and the Napoleon Street intersection, was officially designated the Hungry Mile in 2009.

text:
# The Hungry Mile

**The Hungry Mile** is the name harbourside workers gave to the docklands area of Darling Harbour East, in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia in the Great Depression. Workers would walk from wharf to wharf in search of a job, often failing to find one.

The system of day labour gave rise to similar conditions on many port areas, such as Melbourne's Wailing Wall.

As stevedoring operations moved to ports at Port Botany and Port Kembla, the Government of New South Wales determined that this site should be renewed as an extension of the Sydney CBD with a significant new foreshore park providing recreational areas for a growing Sydney population. This area is being redeveloped into a recreational, business and shopping precinct.

The area was officially part of Millers Point. In 2006, as part of the urban renewal plans, the State Government held a competition for the site's name. The Maritime Union of Australia campaigned to renew the "Hungry Mile" name, as an acknowledgement of the site's historical significance to waterside workers. The State Government named the area Barangaroo. The name honours Barangaroo, an important indigenous woman from Sydney's early history who was a powerful and colourful figure in the colonisation of Australia. She was also the wife of Bennelong, another important indigenous figure after whom Bennelong Point is named, the site of the Sydney Opera House. A section of Barangaroo, Hickson Road between the Munn Street overbridge and the Napoleon Street intersection, was officially designated the Hungry Mile in 2009.

In 1930, *The Hungry Mile* was the title of wharfie poet Ernest Antony's most famous poem, in a published collection titled *The Hungry Mile and other poems*. Memories of the Hungry Mile and Antony's poem became the inspiration for the Waterside Workers' Federation Film Unit 1950s film of the same name.

## References

33°51′34.3″S 151°12′4.2″E / 33.859528°S 151.201167°E / -33.859528; 151.201167


title: The House Across the Lake

abstract: The House Across the Lake is a 1954 British film noir crime film directed by Ken Hughes and starring Alex Nicol, Hillary Brooke, Sid James and Susan Stephen. It was produced as a second feature by Hammer Films. It was released in the United States by Lippert Pictures.

text:
# The House Across the Lake

***The House Across the Lake*** (U.S. title: ***Heat Wave***) is a 1954 British film noir crime film directed by Ken Hughes and starring Alex Nicol, Hillary Brooke, Sid James and Susan Stephen. It was produced as a second feature by Hammer Films. It was released in the United States by Lippert Pictures .

## Plot

An American pulp novelist, Mark Kendrick, meets his rich neighbours across the lake and is soon seduced by beautiful blonde Carol, the wife of Beverly Forrest, despite Beverly treating him as a friend. When Beverly is badly injured by a fall on his boat, Carol fails to persuade Mark to throw him overboard, so Carol does it.

After first refusing to go along with her plan to call it an accident, Mark agrees when Carol tells him that they will meet up again later and live off her dead husband's money. However, after the coroner rules the death an accident, Mark does not hear from her, but the still suspicious CID inspector on the case arranges for Mark to find out that Carol has secretly married another old flame and changed residences. Mark angrily confronts her, but she sneers that she only used him and that there is nothing he can do about it without implicating himself. Mark decides to confess, thinking that, although it will probably mean a prison sentence for him, it will mean the rope for Carol.

## Cast

## Production

The film was based on the 1952 novel *High Wray* by Ken Hughes. It was filmed at Bray Studios. Nicol and Brooke were the only Americans in the cast, although Brooke played a British character. Her mastery of a "posh" accent caused her to be typecast as British in Hollywood films starting in the 1940s.

## Critical reception

*The Monthly Film Bulletin* wrote: "Yet another vehicle for American stars, with British players in support. Alex Nicol plays adequately as Kendrick, Alan Wheatley gives a neat, incisive performance as the inspector, and the film is well constructed and photographed. Unfortunately, the plot revolves around the fatal charm of Carol Forrest, and Hillary Brooke cannot make this seem credible."

According to *The Independent*, "The film was praised by critics, and began Hughes's ascent into more important productions."

*Filmink* said "It’s quite a fun movie, reminiscent of *The Postman Always Rings Twice* (1946); one is inclined to wonder if Nicol’s character, a writer under the pump and distracted by lust, was a Hughes self-portrait."

## InfoBox

| The House Across the Lake | |
| --- | --- |
| American release poster | |
| Directed by | Ken Hughes |
| Written by | Ken Hughes |
| Based on | *High Wray* by Ken Hughes |
| Produced by | Anthony Hinds |
| Starring | Alex Nicol
Hillary Brooke
Susan Stephen |
| Cinematography | Walter J. Harvey |
| Edited by | James Needs |
| Music by | Ivor Slaney |
| Production
company | Hammer Film Productions |
| Distributed by | Exclusive Films
Lippert Pictures (US) |
| Release date | * 21 June 1954 (1954-06-21) |
| Running time | 68 minutes |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Language | English |


title: The Good Plastic Company

abstract: The Good Plastic Company is a manufacturer of sustainable surface materials, specialising in fully recycled and recyclable plastic panels for furniture and interior design. It was founded by William Chizhovsky in 2018. The company's main product line is Polygood.

text:
# The Good Plastic Company

**The Good Plastic Company** is a manufacturer of sustainable surface materials, specialising in fully recycled and recyclable plastic panels for furniture and interior design. It was founded by William Chizhovsky in 2018. The company's main product line is Polygood.

## History

The Good Plastic Company was established in December 2018 with a focus on large design and architecture projects for companies in need of sustainable surface materials that meet environmental targets as well as safeguard the environment. In 2019, the company set up its first manufacturing facility in the Netherlands and started investing in R&D.

In 2021, The Good Plastic Company expanded its manufacturing operations with a larger facility in Ukraine, processing over 1,000 tonnes of recycled plastic panels annually. Polygood panels are used in the retail, hospitality, education, healthcare, and residential sectors for interior and exterior design elements.

The company has over 400 clients, including Nike, Adidas, IKEA, McDonald's, Karl Lagerfeld, Jimmy Fairly, Coach, LUSH, Hyundai, Soho House, Samsung, and BMW. Operating across seven locations globally with two factories in Europe, the company has expanded its distribution network to the United Kingdom and Ireland, the Middle East, India, France, Scandinavia, Spain, and North America.

## Technology and Products

The company's technology converts plastic waste into high-quality surface materials. Using custom in-house developed press machines, The Good Plastic Company produces Polygood panels with a level of precision and efficiency not achievable with standard machinery.

Polygood panels measure 2,800 mm × 1,400 mm (110 in × 55 in). The company introduced fire- and scratch-resistant coatings in 2023 for enhanced applicability.

## Sustainability

The Polygood line has received Cradle to Cradle Bronze Certification and a verified Environmental Product Declaration, making it a sustainable choice for LEED\- and BREEAM certified projects and credits.

The material's GWP (global warming potential) of 1,074 kg per metric tonne is eight times lower than manufacturing virgin polystyrene.

## Further reading

1. Roche, Daniel (2024-05-17). "The Good Plastic Company turns plastic waste into a range of surfaces. What's next? Expansion in the U.S." *The Architect's Newspaper*. Retrieved 2024-06-07.
2. "The Good Plastic Company". *Dezeen*. April 2024. Retrieved 2024-06-07.
3. Fernández, Javier A. (2022-12-07). "Muebles de diseño que antes fueron frigoríficos". *El País* (in Spanish). Retrieved 2024-06-07.
4. Choraria, Nitika (2023-10-30). "Spotlighting 8 projects from Isola's showcase at Dutch Design Week 2023". *DesignWanted*. Retrieved 2024-06-07.
5. "The Good Plastic Company". *designboom | architecture & design magazine*. Retrieved 2024-06-07.
6. "Polygood and Danube Group join forces for Middle East Expansion in the Year of Sustainability". *The Gulf Time Newspaper*. 2023-11-14. Retrieved 2024-06-07.
7. "Nog CD's liggen? Emmaus geeft ze een waardevolle bestemming". *www.bredavandaag.nl* (in Dutch). 2021-09-05. Retrieved 2024-06-07.
8. Molen, Folkert van der (2021-09-02). "Lever je CD's in voor verwerking tot design meubilair". *Duurzaam Ondernemen* (in Dutch). Retrieved 2024-06-07.
9. "Isola Fuorisalone 2023: l'oasi del design circolare". *Living* (in Italian). Retrieved 2024-06-13.
10. "Levende doodskisten en een muur gemaakt van popcorn: duurzame ontwerpen op de Dutch Design Week | Change Inc". *www.change.inc* (in Dutch). Retrieved 2024-06-07.
11. "The Good Plastic Company's Polygood material is now available in France". *Batinfo*. 2023-06-30. Retrieved 2024-06-07.
12. Comunale, Daniele (2023-04-21). "Isola Fuorisalone 2023: l'oasi del design circolare". *Living* (in Italian). Retrieved 2024-06-07.
13. Comunale, Daniele (2023-03-22). "La Milano Design Week di Isola, tra rave domestici e design circolare". *Living* (in Italian). Retrieved 2024-06-07.
14. "Tortona Design District e Superdesign Show: cosa vedremo al Fuorisalone 2024". *Living* (in Italian). 2024-03-07. Retrieved 2024-06-07.
15. Alkan Korkmaz, Sevinç; Özcan Uslu, Nilay; Korkmaz, Gediz (2022). "Tasarım - malzeme ilişkisini dönüştürülmüş plastik üzerinden okumak". *Izmir Concept Vocational School Library*.
16. Calleja, Pilar (2022-04-13). "Revolución Limo: mobiliario sostenible de plástico reciclado". *El País* (in Spanish). Retrieved 2024-06-07.
17. Catinella Orrell, Rita (May 3, 2024). "4 New Products and Materials From Salone that Prioritize Circular Design". *Metropolis*. Retrieved 2024-06-07.
18. Benaamari, Omar (2024-01-22). "Muebles a partir de los pellets del Toconao: la propuesta de una firma española para dar una nueva vida a los plásticos". *El Español* (in Spanish). Retrieved 2024-06-07.
19. Taylor, Brian (14 February 2024). "Good Plastic Co. expands into North America". *Recycling Today*. Retrieved 2024-06-07.
20. "The Good Plastic Company and StudioXAG Join Forces To Give Earth a Voice During Milan Design Week 2024". *D5 Design Magazine*. 2024-04-09. Retrieved 2024-06-13.
21. "Fashionable reincarnation of plastic. The Good Plastic Company". 2024-05-01. Retrieved 2024-06-13.
22. "The Good Plastic Company Introduces Polygood Material to North America". *Residential Products Online*. Retrieved 2024-06-13.
23. "The Good Plastic Company and StudioXAG Join Forces To Give Earth a Voice During Milan Design Week 2024". *D5 Design Magazine*. 2024-04-09. Retrieved 2024-06-13.
24. "Polygood - Cradle to Cradle Products Innovation Institute". *c2ccertified.org*. Retrieved 2024-06-07.
25. "Milan Design Week: Hello, Earth Speaking - The Good Plastic Company at Superstudio". *officeinsight*. Retrieved 2024-06-13.
26. Bardolet Fernández, Amàlia (2023). *Diseño y desarrollo de una solución de camperización a partir de residuos* (Bachelor thesis thesis). Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya.

## InfoBox

The Good Plastic Company
|
|  |
| Company type | Private |
| Industry | Sustainable materials |
| Founded | 2018 |
| Founder | Dr. William Chizhovsky |
| Headquarters | Amsterdam, Netherlands |
| Area served | Worldwide |
| Key people | Dr. William Chizhovsky (CEO & Founder) |
| Products | 100% recycled plastic panels |
| Website | thegoodplasticcompany.com |


title: The Island Worlds

abstract: The Island Worlds is a novel by Eric Kotani and John Maddox Roberts published by Baen Books in 1987.

text:
# The Island Worlds

***The Island Worlds*** is a novel by Eric Kotani and John Maddox Roberts published by Baen Books in 1987.

## Plot summary

*The Island Worlds* is a novel in which Thor Taggart fights against a political party threatening to take over Earth.

## Reception

J. Michael Caparula reviewed *The Island Worlds* in *Space Gamer/Fantasy Gamer* No. 82. Caparula commented that "the authors are good storytellers, and there is much in the way of colorful characters, political intrigue, corporate shenanigans, and fast-paced space battles to make it a fun read. Recommended."

## Reviews


title: Weißbach (Schneizlreuth)

abstract: Weißbach is a river of Bavaria, Germany. It is a left tributary of the Saalach. It flows in the areas of the municipalities Inzell and Schneizlreuth.

text:
# Weißbach (Schneizlreuth)

**Weißbach** is a river of Bavaria, Germany. It is a left tributary of the Saalach. It flows in the areas of the municipalities Inzell and Schneizlreuth.

## InfoBox

| Weißbach | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Bavaria |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Mouth |  |
| location | Saalach |
| coordinates | 47°41′18″N 12°48′08″E / 47.6884°N 12.8022°E / 47.6884; 12.8022 |
| Length | 8.6 km (5.3 mi) |
| Basin features | |
| Progression | SaalachSalzachInnDanubeBlack Sea |


title: Weston Hills Tunnel

abstract: The Weston Hills Tunnel is a 230m twin road tunnel under the Weston Hills near Baldock in Hertfordshire. It was constructed as part of the A505 Baldock bypass. A public inquiry was held in 1995, and in 2002 the government granted permission to build the road. Construction started in April 2004 and the bypass and tunnels opened on 16 March 2006 The bypass as a whole, including the tunnel, cost £43 million. The tunnel itself was constructed using a cut and cover method, during which the hill was cut away and the concrete tunnel structure then put in place. The hillside was then re-filled in over the top - see Bypass Construction Gallery. The purpose of the tunnel at this position is to reduce the gradient of the road, and to preserve the visual line of the hills and provide crossing points for wildlife such as deer. The chalk cuttings for the tunnel have become a haven for butterflies which are native to the area.

text:
# Weston Hills Tunnel

The **Weston Hills Tunnel** is a 230m twin road tunnel under the Weston Hills near Baldock in Hertfordshire. It was constructed as part of the A505 Baldock bypass.

A public inquiry was held in 1995, and in 2002 the government granted permission to build the road. Construction started in April 2004 and the bypass and tunnels opened on 16 March 2006

The bypass as a whole, including the tunnel, cost £43 million.

The tunnel itself was constructed using a cut and cover method, during which the hill was cut away and the concrete tunnel structure then put in place. The hillside was then re-filled in over the top - see Bypass Construction Gallery.

The purpose of the tunnel at this position is to reduce the gradient of the road, and to preserve the visual line of the hills and provide crossing points for wildlife such as deer. The chalk cuttings for the tunnel have become a haven for butterflies which are native to the area.

## InfoBox

Weston Hills Tunnel
| Weston Hills Tunnel taken from north | |
| --- | --- |
| Overview | |
| Location | Baldock |
| Coordinates | 51°58′40″N 0°10′36″W / 51.977875°N 0.176739°W / 51.977875; -0.176739 |
| Route | A505 Baldock Bypass |
| Operation | |
| Owner | Hertfordshire County Council |