abstract: The 1983 North Hertfordshire District Council election was held on 5 May 1983, at the same time as other local elections across England and Wales. There were 18 out of 50 seats on North Hertfordshire District Council up for election, being the usual third of the council plus a by-election in Letchworth East ward.

text:
# 1983 North Hertfordshire District Council election

The **1983 North Hertfordshire District Council election** was held on 5 May 1983, at the same time as other local elections across England and Wales. There were 18 out of 50 seats on North Hertfordshire District Council up for election, being the usual third of the council plus a by-election in Letchworth East ward.

## Overall results

The overall results were as follows:

| 1983 North Hertfordshire District Council election | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | | This election | | | Full council | | | This election | | |
| | Seats | Net | Seats % | Other | Total | Total % | Votes | Votes % | +/− |
|  | Conservative | 11 | 2 | 61.1 | 19 | **30** | 60.0 | 14,340 | 42.1 | +0.8 |
|  | Labour | 5 | 1 | 27.8 | 10 | **15** | 27.8 | 9,933 | 29.1 | +1.8 |
|  | Alliance | 1 | 1 | 5.6 | 0 | **1** | 2.0 | 8,191 | 24.0 | -2.0 |
|  | Ratepayers | 1 |  | 5.6 | 1 | **2** | 4.0 | 1,614 | 4.7 | +1.2 |
|  | Independent | 0 |  | 0.0 | 2 | **2** | 4.0 | 0 | 0.0 | n/a |

Liberal and SDP votes are counted together in the summary above as part of the Alliance. In the ward results below, where the individual party affiliation of Alliance candidates was reported it is shown instead.

## Ward results

The results for each ward were as follows. An asterisk(\*) indicates a sitting councillor standing for re-election.

Arbury ward
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Conservative** | **John Sheldrick\*** | **582** | **48.3** | **+2.2** |
|  | Alliance | Anne Glenys Travis | 531 | 44.1 | +3.7 |
|  | Labour | Nigel Percival | 91 | 7.6 | −5.9 |
| Turnout | | |  | 66.5 |  |
| Registered electors | | | 1,811 |  |  |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | Swing | -0.8 |  |

Baldock ward
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Conservative** | **Alan Evens\*** | **1,238** | **47.3** | **+6.9** |
|  | Labour | Roger McFall | 933 | 35.6 | +4.3 |
|  | Alliance | Mike Pritchett | 448 | 17.1 | −8.9 |
| Turnout | | |  | 50.4 |  |
| Registered electors | | | 5,196 |  |  |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | Swing | +1.3 |  |

Hitchin Bearton ward
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Conservative** | **David Roberts\*** | **981** | **41.6** | **+1.7** |
|  | Labour | Harry Smith | 882 | 37.4 | +1.2 |
|  | Alliance | Harry Shipley | 396 | 16.8 | −7.0 |
|  | Residents | Basil St John Emery | 97 | 4.1 | +4.1 |
| Turnout | | |  | 54.2 |  |
| Registered electors | | | 4,347 |  |  |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | Swing | +0.3 |  |

Hitchin Highbury ward
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Conservative** | **Beryl Wearmouth\*** | **1,626** | **65.6** | **+10.8** |
|  | SDP | Mary Burton | 502 | 20.3 | −12.9 |
|  | Labour | Teresa Trangmar | 350 | 14.1 | +2.2 |
| Turnout | | |  | 48.1 |  |
| Registered electors | | | 5,047 |  |  |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | Swing | -3.4 |  |

Hitchin Oughton ward
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Audrey Carss\*** | **1,070** | **54.3** | **+6.2** |
|  | Conservative | Derrick Ashley | 641 | 32.5 | +1.4 |
|  | Alliance | Lorna Boardman | 259 | 13.1 | −7.6 |
| Turnout | | |  | 44.4 |  |
| Registered electors | | | 4,437 |  |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing | +2.4 |  |

Hitchin Walsworth ward
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Residents** | **Ken Logan\*** | **1,517** | **46.4** | **+1.5** |
|  | Labour | Keith Ruff | 811 | 24.8 | −5.3 |
|  | Conservative | John Crow | 612 | 18.7 | +18.7 |
|  | Alliance | Hugh Kelliher | 329 | 10.1 | −14.9 |
| Turnout | | |  | 56.2 |  |
| Registered electors | | | 5,817 |  |  |
|  | Ratepayers **hold** | | Swing | +3.4 |  |

Hitchwood ward
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Conservative** | **John Raffell\*** | **463** | **62.1** | **−14.8** |
|  | Alliance | Edward Wilson | 209 | 28.0 | +28.0 |
|  | Labour | Jenny Marr | 74 | 9.9 | −13.3 |
| Turnout | | |  | 55.3 |  |
| Registered electors | | | 1,349 |  |  |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | Swing | -21.4 |  |

Hoo ward
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Conservative** | **John Jackson** | **430** | **49.9** | **−13.5** |
|  | Labour | David Kendall | 274 | 31.8 | −4.7 |
|  | Alliance | Celia Lord | 157 | 18.2 | +18.2 |
| Turnout | | |  | 55.4 |  |
| Registered electors | | | 1,554 |  |  |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | Swing | -4.4 |  |

Letchworth East ward
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Charles Bifield** | **956** | **40.1** | **−0.3** |
|  | **Labour** | **Headley Parkins\*** | **910** |  |  |
|  | Alliance | Martin Fisher | 768 | 32.2 | +0.3 |
|  | Alliance | Hans Mulder | 717 |  |  |
|  | Conservative | Nicholas King | 660 | 27.7 | 0.0 |
|  | Conservative | David Langridge | 655 |  |  |
| Turnout | | |  | 62.3 |  |
| Registered electors | | | 4,168 |  |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing | -0.3 |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

The by-election in Letchworth East ward was triggered by the resignation of Labour councillor Tony McWalter.

Letchworth Grange ward
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Liz Leonard** | **1,017** | **37.2** | **−1.3** |
|  | Alliance | Brian Nicholson | 954 | 34.9 | +0.2 |
|  | Conservative | John McKenna | 764 | 27.9 | +1.0 |
| Turnout | | |  | 53.8 |  |
| Registered electors | | | 5,084 |  |  |
|  | Labour **hold** | | Swing | -0.8 |  |

Letchworth South East ward
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **SDP** | **Tony Quinn** | **1,355** | **37.6** | **+4.7** |
|  | Conservative | Gordon Whalley | 1,308 | 36.3 | +0.4 |
|  | Labour | Joan Kirby | 940 | 26.1 | −5.1 |
| Turnout | | |  | 61.2 |  |
| Registered electors | | | 5,887 |  |  |
|  | SDP **gain** from Conservative | | Swing | +2.2 |  |

Letchworth South West ward
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Conservative** | **John Talbot\*** | **1,400** | **55.0** | **−8.6** |
|  | Labour | Steve Spencer | 617 | 24.2 | +11.4 |
|  | Liberal | Rosemary Ryden | 530 | 20.8 | −2.8 |
| Turnout | | |  | 58.8 |  |
| Registered electors | | | 4,332 |  |  |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | Swing | -10.0 |  |

Letchworth Wilbury ward
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Labour** | **Stuart Murray** | **1,162** | **45.1** | **+6.0** |
|  | Conservative | Ray Bloxham\* | 1,080 | 42.0 | +1.0 |
|  | Alliance | Mary Marsh | 332 | 12.9 | −7.1 |
| Turnout | | |  | 64.3 |  |
| Registered electors | | | 4,003 |  |  |
|  | Labour **gain** from Conservative | | Swing | +2.5 |  |

Newsells ward
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Conservative** | **Robert Wilkerson\*
*(Bob Wilkerson)*** | **507** | **79.7** | **+0.1** |
|  | Labour | Michael Kernaghan
*(Mick Kernaghan)* | 129 | 20.3 | −0.1 |
| Turnout | | |  | 49.8 |  |
| Registered electors | | | 1,276 |  |  |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | Swing | +0.1 |  |

Offa ward
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Conservative** | **Lynne Jackson** | **426** | **47.9** | **+2.9** |
|  | Alliance | Andy Hofton | 236 | 26.5 | +1.2 |
|  | Labour | John Mayo | 228 | 25.6 | −4.1 |
| Turnout | | |  | 59.8 |  |
| Registered electors | | | 1,488 |  |  |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | Swing | +0.9 |  |

Royston West ward
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Conservative** | **Leo Doyle** | **1,115** | **43.6** | **−11.6** |
|  | Alliance | Hazel Lord | 1,107 | 43.3 | +17.2 |
|  | Labour | Jessie Etheridge | 335 | 13.1 | −5.6 |
| Turnout | | |  | 50.7 |  |
| Registered electors | | | 5,045 |  |  |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | Swing | -14.4 |  |

Sandon ward
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Conservative** | **Patricia Toulson
*(Patsy Toulson)*** | **507** | **78.1** | **−4.4** |
|  | Alliance | Patrick Short | 78 | 12.0 | +12.0 |
|  | Labour | Philip Davies
*(Phil Davies)* | 64 | 9.9 | −7.6 |
| Turnout | | |  | 59.8 |  |
| Registered electors | | | 1,085 |  |  |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | Swing | -8.2 |  |

## InfoBox

1983 North Hertfordshire District Council election
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| ---  18 of 50 seats on North Hertfordshire District Council
26 seats needed for a majority | |
| First party Second party Third party  **Con**  **Lab**  **Ind**  Leader Bob Flatman Jim Reilly   Party Conservative Labour Independent  Seats before 32 14 2  Seats after 30 15 2  Seat change 2 1   ---  Fourth party Fifth party  **RA**  **SDP**  Party Ratepayers SDP  Seats before 2 0  Seats after 2 1  Seat change  1 | |
| ---  **Leader before election**
Bob Flatman
Conservative **Leader after election**
Bob Flatman
Conservative | |


title: Lucrezia Borgia (opera)

abstract: Lucrezia Borgia is a melodramatic opera in a prologue and two acts by Gaetano Donizetti. Felice Romani wrote the Italian libretto after the play Lucrezia Borgia by Victor Hugo, in its turn after the legend of Lucrezia Borgia. Lucrezia Borgia was first performed on 26 December 1833 at La Scala, Milan.

text:
# Lucrezia Borgia (opera)

***Lucrezia Borgia*** is a melodramatic opera in a prologue and two acts by Gaetano Donizetti. Felice Romani wrote the Italian libretto after the play *Lucrezia Borgia* by Victor Hugo, in its turn after the legend of Lucrezia Borgia. *Lucrezia Borgia* was first performed on 26 December 1833 at La Scala, Milan.

## Performance history

### 19th century

Because of its scandalous subject matter, *Lucrezia Borgia* was taken up slowly in Italy and presented in many Italian theatres with altered titles and, in some cases, altered character names. It was given in Florence, beginning on 12 November 1838, as *Eustorgia da Romano*, in Trieste in the autumn of 1838 as *Alfonso Duca di Ferrara*, in Ferrara on 14 April 1841 as *Giovanna I di Napoli*, and in Rome on 26 December 1841 as *Elisa da Fosco*.

The first London production was at Her Majesty's Theatre on 6 June 1839 with Giulia Grisi and Mario. When the opera was staged in Paris (Théâtre des Italiens) in 1840, Victor Hugo obtained an injunction against further productions within the domain of French copyright law. The libretto was then rewritten and retitled *La rinnegata*, with the Italian characters changed to Turks, and the performances were resumed.

The first English-language production was in London on 30 December 1843. The English tenor Sims Reeves was a noted Gennaro. *Lucrezia* was first presented in New Orleans on 27 April 1843 and then at New York's American Theatre on 11 May 1843 and later at the Palmo's Opera House in 1847: with Giulia Grisi in 1854; and with Thérèse Tietjens and Brignoli in 1876. It was given at the Academy of Music, Philadelphia, in 1882, and at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York, in 1904, with Enrico Caruso as Gennaro and Arturo Vigna conducting.

### 20th century and beyond

A famous performance of *Lucrezia Borgia* presented by the American Opera Society Ensemble in 1965 at Carnegie Hall with soprano Montserrat Caballé, who was making her American debut, was soon followed by a recording featuring Caballé, Shirley Verrett, Alfredo Kraus, and Ezio Flagello, conducted by Jonel Perlea, who also led the Carnegie Hall performance.

*Lucrezia Borgia* is often produced as a vehicle for a star soprano, including Leyla Gencer, Mariella Devia, Beverly Sills, Dame Joan Sutherland, Renée Fleming, Edita Gruberová and Sondra Radvanovsky.

## Roles

| Role | Voice type | Premiere cast, 26 December 1833
(Conductor: Eugenio Cavallini) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Alfonso d'Este, *Duke of Ferrara* | bass | Luciano Mariani |
| Lucrezia Borgia | soprano | Henriette Méric-Lalande |
| Maffio Orsini | contralto | Marietta Brambilla |
| Gennaro, *young nobleman in
service of the Venetian Republic* | tenor | Francesco Pedrazzi |
| Jeppo Liverotto, *young nobleman in
service of the Venetian Republic* | tenor | Napoleone Marconi |
| Don Apostolo Gazella, *young nobleman in
service of the Venetian Republic* | bass | Giuseppe Visanetti |
| Ascanio Petrucci, *young nobleman in
service of the Venetian Republic* | baritone | Ismaele Guaita |
| Oloferno Vitellozzo, *young nobleman in
service of the Venetian Republic* | tenor | Giuseppe Vaschetti |
| Rustighello, *in the service of Don Alfonso* | tenor | Ranieri Pochini |
| Gubetta, *in service of Lucrezia* | bass | Domenico Spiaggi |
| Astolfo, *in service of Lucrezia* | tenor | Francesco Petrazzoli |
| *Gentlemen-at-arms, officers, and nobles of the Venetian Republic;
same, attached to court of Alfonso; ladies-in-waiting, Capuchin friars, etc.* | | |

## Synopsis

Time: Early 16th century Place: Venice and Ferrara

### Prologue

#### Scene 1

*The Palazzo Grimani in Venice*

Gennaro and his friends, including Orsini, celebrate on the brightly lit terrace, in front of which lies the Giudecca Canal ("Bella Venezia!"). The friends' conversation turns to Don Alfonso, Duke of Ferrara, to whose house they will be travelling the next day, and to his wife, the infamous Lucrezia Borgia. On hearing Lucrezia's name, Orsini tells of how Gennaro and he, alone in a forest, were warned by a mysterious old man to beware her and the entire Borgia family, and that the two of them would die together ("Nella fatal di Rimini"). Professing his boredom with Orsini's tale Gennaro wanders off and falls asleep nearby. His friends are invited to rejoin the festivities, and he is left behind ("Senti! La danza invitaci").

#### Scenes 2 and 3

A gondola appears, and from it a masked woman exits onto the terrace ("Tranquillo ei posa..."). She observes the sleeping Gennaro with affection and hurries over to him ("Com'è bello! Quale incanto in quel volto onesto e altero!"). When she kisses Gennaro's hand, he wakes and is instantly struck by her beauty ("Leggiadra e amabil siete"). He expresses his love for her, but admits that the one person nearer to him is his mother that he has never met. He sings of his childhood as an orphan brought up by a common fisherman father ("Di pescatore ignobile esser figliuol credei"). The woman, sympathetic to his plight, weeps for him ("Ama tua madre, e tenero sempre per lei ti serba...").

The others return ("Gente appressa... io ti lascio") and seem to recognise her, listing in turn the members of their families she has killed, to Gennaro's horror and disbelief ("Maffio Orsini, signora, son'io"). Gennaro is then finally told that the woman is Lucrezia Borgia.

### Act 1

*Ferrara*

The Duke, believing Gennaro to be Lucrezia's lover, plots his murder with his servant Rustighello ("Vieni: la mia vendetta è meditata e pronta"). Gennaro and his companions leave the house for a party and pass the Duke's palace with its large gilded coat of arms reading *Borgia*. Keen to show his contempt for the Borgia family, Gennaro removes the initial "B", leaving the obscene "Orgia" (orgy).

In the palace, Lucrezia is shown into the Duke's chamber. Having seen the defaced crest, she demands death for the perpetrator, not knowing that it is Gennaro. The Duke orders Gennaro to be brought before her and accuses him of staining the noble name of Borgia, a crime to which he readily confesses. Lucrezia, horrified, attempts to excuse the insult as a youthful prank, but Don Alfonso accuses Lucrezia of infidelity, having observed her meeting with Gennaro in Venice. In a scene full of drama and tension, she denies any impropriety, but he demands the prisoner's death and forces her to choose the manner of Gennaro's execution. Pretending to pardon him, the Duke offers Gennaro a glass of wine and he swallows it. After a stunning trio ("Guai se ti sfugge un moto, se ti tradisce un detto!") the Duke leaves and Lucrezia hurries to Gennaro, giving him an antidote to the poison the Duke has mixed with the wine. He drinks, and in a last duet, she implores him to flee the city and her husband ("Bevi e fuggi... te'n prego, o Gennaro!").

### Act 2

*The palace of the Princess Negroni*

Ignoring Lucrezia's advice, Gennaro attends a party at the palace, swearing never to be parted from his friend Orsini. Orsini leads the party in a *brindisi* or drinking song ("Il segreto per esser felici") and they drink. Lucrezia enters and announces that in revenge for their insults in Venice she has poisoned their wine and arranged five coffins for their bodies. She has hitherto believed that Gennaro fled Ferrara on her advice, and is thus dismayed when he steps forward and announces that she has poisoned a sixth. Orsini, Liverotto, Vitellozzo, Petrucci and Gazella fall dead. Gennaro seizes a dagger and attempts to kill Lucrezia, but she stops him by revealing that he is in fact her son. Once again she asks him to drink the antidote, but this time he refuses, choosing to die with his friends. In a final cabaletta ("Era desso il figlio mio"), Lucrezia mourns her son and expires.

## Music

The closing cabaletta "Era desso il figlio mio" was added by Donizetti upon insistence by renowned soprano Henriette Méric-Lalande, who created the role of Lucrezia Borgia. It is one of the most demanding arias in all the operatic repertoire, with trills and coloratura passages that demand extreme vocal agility. Donizetti later removed the aria because he believed it damaged the credibility of the ending.

## Recordings

| Year | Cast
(Lucrezia,
Genaro,
Maffio Orsini,
Don Alfonso) | Conductor,
Opera House and Orchestra | Label |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1965 | Montserrat Caballé,
Alain Vanzo,
Jane Berbié,
Kostas Paskalis | Jonel Perlea,
American Opera Society orchestra and chorus
(Recording of a concert performance at Carnegie Hall, July) | CD: Opera D'Oro
Cat: 1030815 |
| 1966 | Leyla Gencer,
Giacomo Aragall,
Anna Maria Rota,
Mario Petri | Carlo Franci,
Teatro San Carlo di Napoli orchestra and chorus
(Recording of a performance at Teatro San Carlo, Naples, 29 January 1966) | CD: Hunt Productions
Cat: HUNTCD 544 |
| 1966 | Montserrat Caballé,
Alfredo Kraus,
Shirley Verrett,
Ezio Flagello | Jonel Perlea,
RCA Italiana Opera Chorus and Orchestra | CD: RCA
Cat: RCAG 66422RG |
| 1974 | Leyla Gencer,
José Carreras,
Tatiana Troyanos,
Matteo Manuguerra | Nicola Rescigno,
Dallas Civic Opera (Live) | CD: Melodram
Cat: 270109 |
| 1975 | Joan Sutherland,
John Brecknock,
Huguette Tourangeau,
Michael Devlin | Richard Bonynge,
Houston Symphony Orchestra and chorus (Live) | LP: MRF Records
Cat:MRF-121-S |
| 1976 | Beverly Sills,
Henry Price,
Susanne Marsee,
Adib Fazah | Julius Rudel,
New York City Opera (Live) | CD: Opera Depot
Cat: 11295-2 |
| 1977 | Joan Sutherland,
Margreta Elkins,
Robert Allman,
Ron Stevens | Richard Bonynge,
Sydney Elizabethan Orchestra and Chorus of Australian Opera
(Live) | DVD: Opus Arte "Faveo",
Cat: OAF 4026D |
| 1978 | Joan Sutherland,
Giacomo Aragall,
Marilyn Horne,
Ingvar Wixell | Richard Bonynge,
National Philharmonic Orchestra and London Opera Chorus | CD: Decca
Cat: 421497 |
| 1979 | Leyla Gencer,
Alfredo Kraus,
Elena Zilio,
Bonaldo Giaiotti | Gabriele Ferro,
Teatro Comunale di Firenze orchestra and chorus (Live) | CD: Living Stage
Cat: LS1096 |
| 1980 | Joan Sutherland,
Alfredo Kraus,
Anne Howells,
Stafford Dean | Richard Bonynge,
Royal Opera House, Covent Garden orchestra and chorus (Live) | DVD: Covent Garden Pioneer
Cat: B 12385-01 |
| 1989 | Joan Sutherland,
Alfredo Kraus,
Martine Dupuy,
Michele Pertusi | Richard Bonynge,
Gran Teatro del Liceo orchestra and chorus
(Video recording of a performance in the Gran Teatro del Liceo, 31 May) | VHS Video Cassette: Lyric Distribution,
Cat: 1842 (incomplete) & 1882 (1990) |
| 2007 | Dimitra Theodossiou,
Roberto De Biasio,
Nidia Palacios,
Enrico Giuseppe Iori | Tiziano Severini,
Orchestra and Chorus of Bergamo Musica Festival G. Donizetti (Live) | DVD: Naxos
Cat: 2.110264 |
| 2009 | Edita Gruberová,
Pavol Breslik,
Alice Coote,
Franco Vassallo | Bertrand de Billy
Bayerisches Staatsoper
(Recording of a performance in the Nationaltheater, Munich, February) | DVD Medici Arts,
Cat: 2072458-1 |
| 2010 | Edita Gruberová,
José Bros,
Silvia Tro Santafé,
Franco Vassallo | Andriy Yurkevych
WDR Rundfunkorchester Köln
(Recording of a performance in the Philarmonie Köln, 4 June) | CD: Nightingale Classics AG.
Cat: NC 000100-2 |
| 2010 | Mariella Devia,
Giuseppe Filianoti,
Mariana Pizzolato,
Alex Esposito | Marco Guidarini
Orchestra Filarmonica Marchigiana
(Recording of a performance in Teatro delle Muse di Ancona, February | CD: Bongiovanni
Cat: GB 2560/62 |
| 2013 | Renée Fleming,
Michael Fabiano,
Elizabeth DeShong,
Vitalij Kowaljow | Riccardo Frizza,
San Francisco Opera orchestra and chorus | DVD:EuroArts
Cat:2059644 |

### Notes

### Cited sources

### Other sources

## InfoBox

| Lucrezia Borgia | |
| --- | --- |
| Opera by Gaetano Donizetti | |
| Thérèse Tietjens in the title role | |
| Librettist | Felice Romani |
| Language | Italian |
| Based on | *Lucrezia Borgia*
by Victor Hugo |
| Premiere | 26 December 1833 (1833-12-26)
La Scala, Milan |


title: Sister Stella L.

abstract: Sister Stella L. is a 1984 Philippine political drama film co-written and directed by Mike de Leon from a screenplay he wrote with Pete Lacaba and Jose Almojuela. The screenplay was based on and inspired by the life and experiences of Sr. Chayong Battung and Sr. Mary Pilar Versoza and it revolves around a nun becoming politically involved as she took part in a strike where she fought for the rights of the workers. It stars Vilma Santos as the titular nun of the film, Jay Ilagan, Gina Alajar, Laurice Guillen, and Tony Santos Sr. Initially, Mike de Leon wanted to produce the film by himself. However, because of financial limitations, he was forced to ask Regal Films founder and executive producer Lily Monteverde to join as producer and she agreed. Produced and released by Regal Films on July 11, 1984, the film was a commercial failure but received acclaim when it won ten awards, including Best Picture, Best Actor, Best Actress, Best Screenplay, and Best Director, from the Gawad Urian Awards. It also competed at the 41st Venice International Film Festival for the Golden Lion but lost to Krzysztof Zanussi's A Year of the Quiet Sun. The film's theme song "Aling Pag-ibig Pa" was selected by the Catholic Mass Media Awards as the best theme song in 1984.

text:
# Sister Stella L.

***Sister Stella L.*** is a 1984 Philippine political drama film co-written and directed by Mike de Leon from a screenplay he wrote with Pete Lacaba and Jose Almojuela. The screenplay was based on and inspired by the life and experiences of Sr. Chayong Battung and Sr. Mary Pilar Versoza and it revolves around a nun becoming politically involved as she took part in a strike where she fought for the rights of the workers. It stars Vilma Santos as the titular nun of the film, Jay Ilagan, Gina Alajar, Laurice Guillen, and Tony Santos Sr.

Initially, Mike de Leon wanted to produce the film by himself. However, because of financial limitations, he was forced to ask Regal Films founder and executive producer Lily Monteverde to join as producer and she agreed. Produced and released by Regal Films on July 11, 1984, the film was a commercial failure but received acclaim when it won ten awards, including Best Picture, Best Actor, Best Actress, Best Screenplay, and Best Director, from the Gawad Urian Awards. It also competed at the 41st Venice International Film Festival for the Golden Lion but lost to Krzysztof Zanussi's *A Year of the Quiet Sun*.

The film's theme song "Aling Pag-ibig Pa" was selected by the Catholic Mass Media Awards as the best theme song in 1984.

## Synopsis

Sister Stella Legaspi is a nun who serves as a guidance counselor for people who have problems, including abused women and runaways. Later on, she became involved in sociopolitical issues as she took part in a strike organized by the laborers.

## Cast

## Restoration

In June 2023, the Film Development Council of the Philippines announced that they teamed up with Regal Entertainment to restore two films from the said film studio that starred Vilma Santos, among the two is the 1984 film *Sister Stella L.*

### Works cited

* Vibal, Gaspar; Villegas, Dennis (2020). *Philippine Cinema, 1897–2020*. Vibal Foundation. ISBN 978-971-97-0717-2.

## InfoBox

| Sister Stella L. | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Mike de Leon |
| Written by |  |
| Produced by |  |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Rody Lacap |
| Edited by | Jesus "Jess" Navarro |
| Music by | Ding Achacoso |
| Production<br>company | Regal Films |
| Distributed by | Regal Films |
| Release date | * July 11, 1984 (1984-07-11) |
| Running time | 103 minutes |
| Country | Philippines |
| Language | Filipino |


title: Zeynep Kuray

abstract: Zeynep Kuray is a Turkish journalist. As of 2015, she wrote for BirGün and the Firat News Agency (ANF). She was kept under arrest between December 2011 and April 2013 as a part of the KCK investigation and is a recipient of the John Aubuchon Award for Press Freedom.

text:
# Zeynep Kuray

**Zeynep Kuray** (born 1978) is a Turkish journalist. As of 2015, she wrote for *BirGün* and the Firat News Agency (ANF). She was kept under arrest between December 2011 and April 2013 as a part of the KCK investigation and is a recipient of the John Aubuchon Award for Press Freedom.

## Early life

Kuray is the daughter of activist Sarp Kuray, one of the imprisoned founders of Dev-Genç, and theater actress Ayşe Emel Mesçi. She was born in 1978 and has an elder sister named Sema. Following the 1980 Turkish coup d'état, her family fled to France, where she grew up. Her first language was French and she only moved to Turkey in her 20s. She is of Alevi Turkish background. She played the role of a child in the film *Duvar* by Yılmaz Güney, filmed while he was in exile in France.

## Career and arrest

In 2008, Kuray started reporting for *BirGün*. She started writing for the ANF in 2010. She was arrested on 20 December 2011 as part of the KCK investigation, as an alleged member of the PKK-affiliated KCK. She was accused of spreading PKK propaganda due to her articles in the ANF, which is ideologically aligned with the PKK. She was detained at the Bakırköy Women's Prison, until her release on 26 April 2013. Whilst in prison, she went on a hunger strike, calling for the wider official use of Kurdish in the public sphere and the removal of Abdullah Öcalan from his isolation in prison. In 2013, she was awarded the Ilaria Alpi Award but the award was later denied to her and given to another journalist as she was banned from leaving Turkey and so could not collect the award. She was given the John Aubuchon Award for Press Freedom by the American National Press Club in 2013. She was arrested on 15 April 2015 again, due to her investigation of events in Yüksekova, where she allegedly investigated an execution without trial, but released on the same day. She was detained while covering protests in Eminönü on May 10, 2020. Then, she was released after her statement on March 13, 2019.


title: Vai na Fé

abstract: Vai na Fé is a Brazilian telenovela created by Rosane Svartman. It aired on TV Globo from 16 January to 11 August 2023. The telenovela follows Sol, a church choir singer who decides to become a back-up singer for Lui Lorenzo, in order to fix her family's financial difficulties. Carolina Dieckmann, Emilio Dantas, and Samuel de Assis also star.

text:
# Vai na Fé

***Vai na Fé*** (English title: ***Never Give Up***) is a Brazilian telenovela created by Rosane Svartman. It aired on TV Globo from 16 January to 11 August 2023. The telenovela follows Sol (Sheron Menezzes), a church choir singer who decides to become a back-up singer for Lui Lorenzo (José Loreto), in order to fix her family's financial difficulties. Carolina Dieckmann, Emilio Dantas, and Samuel de Assis also star.

## Plot

In her youth, Sol (Sheron Menezzes) gave up her dream of becoming a funk singer to become an Evangelical and marry Carlão (Che Moais). However, 20 years later, Sol receives an invitation to be a back-up singer for the declining singer Lui Lorenzo (José Loreto), after being discovered singing while selling boxed lunches in downtown Rio de Janeiro. With two daughters to raise and an unemployed husband, Sol accepts, but the decision turns her life upside down: she gains more and more fame and is harassed in church for her "worldly" behavior, as well as facing Lui's infatuation and reuniting with Ben (Samuel de Assis), her love from her youth who never forgot her. This reunion calls into question Ben's marriage to Lumiar (Carolina Dieckmann), a tough and controlling lawyer, and Lui's half-sister.

## Cast

### Main

* Sheron Menezzes as Solange "Sol" da Silva Carvalho
    + Jê Soares as Young Sol
* Carolina Dieckmann as Lumiar Lorenzo Garcia
* Emilio Dantas as Theo Camargo Bastos
    + Matheus Polis as Young Theo
* Samuel de Assis as Benjamin "Ben" Garcia
    + Isacque Lopes as Young Ben
* José Loreto as Lui Lorenzo Campos
    + Pedro Burgarelli as Child Lui
* Regiane Alves as Clara Albuquerque Bastos
* Bella Campos as Jenifer Daiane da Silva Carvalho Bastos
* Elisa Lucinda as Marlene Gonzaga
    + Rhavine Chrispim as Young Marlene
* Carla Cristina Cardoso as Bruna
    + Dhara Lopes as Young Bruna
* Luis Lobianco as Vítor "Vitinho" de Oliveira Sena
    + Anderson Oli as Young Vitinho
* Marcos Veras as Simas (Evilásio Simas Neto)
    + Marcus Maria as Young Simas
* Letícia Salles as Érika Teixeira / Érika "Ventania"
* Che Moais as Carlos "Carlão" Eduardo Carvalho
    + Mateus Honori as Young Carlão
* Cláudia Ohana as Dora Lorenzo
* Zé Carlos Machado as Fábio Lorenzo
    + Hugo Caramello as Young Fábio
* Jonathan Haagensen as Orfeu Caruso
    + Nicollas Paixão as Young Orfeu
* Mel Maia as Guilhermina "Guiga" de Alcântara Azevedo
* Henrique Barreira as Frederico "Fred"
* Jean Paulo Campos as Yuri dos Santos
* Gabriel Contente as Otávio "Tatá" Martins de Lemos
* Caio Manhente as Rafael "Rafa" de Albuquerque Bastos
* Flora Camolese as Maria Beatriz "Bia"
* Clara Serrão as Isabela "Bella" Vieira
* MC Cabelinho as Hugo de Oliveira
* Orlando Caldeira as "Anthony Verão" (Antônio Araújo)
* Priscila Steinman as Helena Weinberg
* Azzy as Ivy "Furacão" (Ivy Gouveia)
* Tati Villela as Naira
* Lucas Oradovschi as Jairo Damasceno
* Neyde Braga as Neide Batista Nascimento
* Waldo Piano as Joel Batista Nascimento
* Alan Oliveira as DJ Cidão
* Adriano Canindé as Pastor Miguel
* Clara Moneke as Kate Cristina Ramos
* Manu Estevão as Maria Eduarda "Duda" Carvalho da Silva
* Nego Ney as Gil
* Felipe Rodrigues as Bryan
* Nathália Costa as Meire
* Renata Sorrah as Wilma Campos
    + Anna Pimenta as Young Wilma

### Recurring

* Theo Parizzi as Vicente
* Laiza Santos as Alice Ferraris
* Bruno Padilha as Emílio de Alcântara Azevedo
* Zé Wendell as Carlos / "Charles Pierre"
* Cris Werson as Sabrina
* Giuliano Laffayete as Fabrício Santiago
* Duda Moreira as Niltão
* Miguel Emidio as Erick
* Pedro Camargo as Kaduzinho
* Renata Miryanova as Sheila Palhares
* Ubiraci Miranda as Jefferson

### Guest stars

## Production

In October 2021, Rosane Svartman's synopsis was approved by TV Globo, with the working title being *Tente Outra Vez*. The telenovela was scheduled to premiere in November 2022. However, so that it wouldn't be disrupted by the coverage of the 2022 FIFA World Cup, the premiere was postponed to January 2023. Filming of the telenovela began in October 2022, in Nova Friburgo, Lumiar and São Pedro da Serra. On 13 December 2022, the first teaser for the telenovela was released.

## Ratings

| Season | Episodes | First aired | | Last aired | | Avg. viewers
(points) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Date | Viewers
(points) | Date | Viewers
(points) | |
| 1 | 179 | 16 January 2023 | 22.4 | 11 August 2023 | 26.7 | 23.3 |
|

## InfoBox

| *Vai na Fé* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Genre | Telenovela |
| Created by | Rosane Svartman |
| Written by | * Mário Viana * Renata Corrêa * Pedro Alvarenga * Renata Sofia * Fabrício Santiago * Sabrina Rosa |
| Directed by | * Paulo Silvestrini * Cristiano Marques |
| Starring |  |
| Opening theme | "Vai dar Certo"
by Negra Li ft. MC Liro |
| Composers | MC Liro and MC GM |
| Country of origin | Brazil |
| Original language | Portuguese |
| No. of seasons | 1 |
| No. of episodes | 179 |
| Production | |
| Producer | Mariana Pinheiro |
| Production company | Estúdios Globo |
| Original release | |
| Network | TV Globo |
| Release | 16 January (2023-01-16)
11 August 2023 (2023-08-11) |


title: Moscow Design Museum

abstract: Moscow Design Museum is a private cultural organization founded in May, 2012. It was created by a team of art historians, designers, journalists, curators and architects. The main objectives of the project are to promote Russian design, educate the public about visual culture and further international cooperation.

text:
# Moscow Design Museum

**Moscow Design Museum** is a private cultural organization founded in May, 2012. It was created by a team of art historians, designers, journalists, curators and architects. The main objectives of the project are to promote Russian design, educate the public about visual culture and further international cooperation.

## Museum Opening

Moscow Design Museum opened in the end of November, 2012 in CEH “Manege”.

## Articles on Moscow Design Museum

Article on Moscow Design Museum in *The New York Times Style Magazine*.

Article on Moscow Design Museum in *RIA Novosti*.

## InfoBox

Moscow Design Museum
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Location within Moscow | |
| Established | 2012 |
| Location | Russia, Moscow, 1 Manezhnaya Square |
| Coordinates | 55°45′13″N 37°36′45″E / 55.7535°N 37.6125°E / 55.7535; 37.6125 |
| Website | moscowdesignmuseum.ru/en/ |


title: Nikolay Georgiev (footballer)

abstract: Nikolay Georgiev is a Bulgarian retired footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

text:
# Nikolay Georgiev (footballer)

**Nikolay Georgiev** (Bulgarian: Николай Георгиев; born 6 September 1998) is a Bulgarian retired footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

## Career

### Vitosha Bistritsa

#### 2017–18 season

Georgiev trained with Vitosha Bistritsa in the summer of 2017, before leaving for England to study in University of Bath and play for their college team. He officially rejoined Vitosha on 28 February 2018. He completed his professional debut on 17 March 2018 in a league match against Beroe, keeping a clean sheet. Georgiev also kept a clean sheet in the following game against Slavia Sofia.

On 25 May 2018, Georgiev saved 2 of the penalties in the penalty shoot-out in the final relegation play-off against Lokomotiv Sofia, keeping his team in the First League.

#### 2018–19 season

Georgiev played a major role for Vitosha's excellent start to the 2018/2019 season. The Bistritsa Tigers won three of their opening five games with Georgiev keeping two clean sheets against Slavia Sofia and Vereya Stara Zagora. By mid-August, the team had already collected more points than during their entire previous season in the elite division.

On 25 September 2018, Vitosha faced Botev Galabovo in the first round of the Bulgarian Cup. After a goalless draw and 8-8 in the penalty shoot-out, Georgiev stepped up to take the winning penalty and sent his team to the next round.

### Retirement

Georgiev spend a season in Yantra Gabrovo, before taking the decision to retire in July 2021, aged just 22.

## Career statistics

### Club

*As of 26 August 2018*

| Club performance | | | League | | Cup | | Continental | | Other | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Club | League | Season | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Bulgaria | | | League | | Bulgarian Cup | | Europe | | Other | | Total | |
| Septemvri Sofia | V Group | 2015–16 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  | |  | | 16 | 0 |
| | Second League | 2016–17 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  | | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| | Total | | 16 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 16 | 0 |
| Vitosha Bistritsa | First League | 2017–18 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  | | 5 | 0 | 12 | 0 |
| | | 2018–19 | 10 | 0 | 1 | 0 |  | |  | | 11 | 0 |
| | Total | | 17 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 24 | 0 |
| Career statistics | | | 33 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 40 | 0 |

1. "Профил на Николай Ивайлов Георгиев" (in Bulgarian). fpleague.bg. Retrieved 17 June 2018.
2. Georgiev Stats
3. Необикновената футболна история на едно младо момче
4. Николай Георгиев се завърна във Витоша
5. Beroe vs Vitosha
6. "Slavia Sofia vs. Vitosha Bistritsa - 30 March 2018 - Soccerway". *int.soccerway.com*. Retrieved 24 August 2018.
7. Героят за Витоша: Вината за успеха ни е колективна
8. "Драма с 18 дузпи прати Витоша на 1/8-финал за Купата на България". *Sportal.bg*. Retrieved 25 September 2018.
9. Вратар във Втора лига спира с футбола едва на 22 години!

## InfoBox

Nikolay Georgiev
Николай Георгиев
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Nikolay Ivaylov Georgiev | | |
| Date of birth | (1998-09-06) 6 September 1998 | | |
| Place of birth | Sofia, Bulgaria | | |
| Height | 1.80 m (5 ft 11 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Goalkeeper | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| 2009–2015 | Slavia Sofia | | |
| 2015–2017 | Septemvri Sofia | | |
| College career | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2017 | TeamBath |  |  |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2015–2017 | Septemvri Sofia | 16 | (0) |
| 2018–2019 | Vitosha Bistritsa | 20 | (0) |
| 2020–2021 | Yantra Gabrovo | 1 | (0) |
| Total |  | **37** | **(0)** |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 1 June 2020 | | | |


title: Zaykiel Leong

abstract: Zaykiel Leong is a Malaysian footballer who plays as a striker for Sabah FA in Malaysia Premier League. Zaykiel has represented Sabah since 2002. He made it into the first eleven games during the 2003 season. He showed impressive playing style during the 2003 season as he netted 8 goals during the season and helped Sabah to reach the final of Malaysia Cup, but failed to win the cup after losing 3–0 to Selangor MPPJ by Juan Arostegui from Argentina. For the 2009 season, he returned to play for Sabah after previously playing for Beverly FC in 2007.

text:
# Zaykiel Leong

**Zaykiel Leong** (born 9 November 1980) is a Malaysian footballer who plays as a striker for Sabah FA in Malaysia Premier League.

Zaykiel has represented Sabah since 2002. He made it into the first eleven games during the 2003 season. He showed impressive playing style during the 2003 season as he netted 8 goals during the season and helped Sabah to reach the final of Malaysia Cup, but failed to win the cup after losing 3–0 to Selangor MPPJ by Juan Arostegui from Argentina.

For the 2009 season, he returned to play for Sabah after previously playing for Beverly FC in 2007.

## InfoBox

Zaykiel Leong
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Zaykiel Leong | | |
| Date of birth | (1980-11-09) 9 November 1980 | | |
| Place of birth | Sabah, Malaysia | | |
| Position(s) | Striker | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | Sabah FA | | |
| Youth career | | | |
|  | Sabah FA President's Cup | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2002–2005 | Sabah FA | ? | (12) |
| 2007 | Beverly FC |  |  |
| 2009– | Sabah FA |  |  |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 4 May 2009 | | | |


title: Skarszewo, Człuchów County

abstract: Skarszewo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Człuchów, within Człuchów County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) south-east of Człuchów and 115 km (71 mi) south-west of the regional capital Gdańsk. For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

text:
# Skarszewo, Człuchów County

**Skarszewo** \[skarˈʂɛvɔ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Człuchów, within Człuchów County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) south-east of Człuchów and 115 km (71 mi) south-west of the regional capital Gdańsk.

For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

## InfoBox

| Skarszewo | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Skarszewo | |
| Coordinates: 53°38′9″N 17°23′26″E / 53.63583°N 17.39056°E / 53.63583; 17.39056 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Pomeranian |
| County | Człuchów |
| Gmina | Człuchów |
| Population | 56 |


title: Zeynep Oduncu

abstract: Zeynep Oduncu is a former politician of the Democratic Regions Party (DBP) and the Democratic People's Party (HDP). Since June 2023, she is a member of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey for the Green Left Party (YSP).

text:
# Zeynep Oduncu

**Zeynep Oduncu** (born 1989, Gerçüs, Turkey) is a former politician of the Democratic Regions Party (DBP) and the Democratic People's Party (HDP). Since June 2023, she is a member of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey for the Green Left Party (YSP).

## Early life and education

Zeynep Oduncu was born 1 January 1989 in Gercüş, where she also attended high school.

## Political career

Since 2014, Zeynep Oduncu became a co-mayor of Gercüs, alongside Abdülkerim Kaya. In September 2015 she was shortly detained together with several other politicians of the DBP politicians in Batman. In November 2016, she was dismissed from the Municipal Council of Gerçüs by the Ministry of the Interior. The same month and the next the police raided her house in Gerçüs. In December 2016 Oduncu and her co-mayor Abdulkerim Kaya were detained and a trustee was appointed to the Gerçüs municipality. In May 2022, she was shortly detained within a group of women politicians of the HDP. In the electoral campaign towards the elections of 2023, she emphasized the importance of a solution to the Kurdish question, that Kurds do not want to be felt marginalized due to their identity. On an other side, she also focused on health and environmental issues. In the parliamentary elections of May 2023, she was elected to the Grand National Assembly of Turkey representing Batman for the YSP.


title: Valentina Visconti, Duchess of Orléans

abstract: Valentina Visconti was a countess of Vertus, and duchess consort of Orléans as the wife of Louis I, Duke of Orléans, the younger brother of King Charles VI of France. As duchess of Orléans she was at court and acquired the enmity of the Queen of France, Isabeau of Bavaria-Ingolstadt, and was subsequently banned from the court and had to leave Paris. Due to political animosity, Valentina's husband was murdered in 1407. She died on 4 December 1408.

text:
# Valentina Visconti, Duchess of Orléans

**Valentina Visconti** (1371 – 4 December 1408) was a countess of Vertus, and duchess consort of Orléans as the wife of Louis I, Duke of Orléans, the younger brother of King Charles VI of France. As duchess of Orléans she was at court and acquired the enmity of the Queen of France, Isabeau of Bavaria-Ingolstadt, and was subsequently banned from the court and had to leave Paris. Due to political animosity, Valentina's husband was murdered in 1407. She died on 4 December 1408.

## Life

Valentina was born in Pavia as the second of the four children of Gian Galeazzo Visconti, the first Duke of Milan, and his first wife Isabelle, a daughter of King John II the Good of France. After her mother's death in childbirth in 1373, Valentina and her siblings were raised by their paternal grandmother Bianca of Savoy and aunt Violante Visconti. The deaths of her brothers Carlo (1374), Gian Galeazzo (1376) and Azzone (1381) left Valentina as the only surviving child of her parents' marriage and the Countess of Vertus, a title she shared with her spouse.

### Betrothals

In 1379, Valentina was betrothed to her cousin Carlo Visconti, Lord of Parma, son of Bernabò Visconti, and a papal dispensation was even granted; however, Bernabò later annulled the betrothal and, in 1382, married his son to a French noblewoman, Beatrice of Armagnac.

In 1385 Gian Galeazzo became the sole ruler over the Visconti inheritance, and with this Valentina's status changed considerably. At this point, the new Lord of Milan opened negotiations with King Wenceslaus of Germany and Bohemia for a marriage between Valentina and his half-brother John of Görlitz; at the same time, he also negotiated a union with Louis II of Anjou, titular King of Naples. However, Marie of Blois, Dowager Duchess of Anjou finally cancelled the negotiations, and then Gian Galeazzo turned his attention to his nephew-by-marriage Louis, Duke of Touraine, second son of King Charles V of France and brother of the reigning Charles VI. King Wenceslaus became aware of the double game of Gian Galeazzo, and broke off the negotiations with a letter full of insults, leaving Louis, her first cousin, the only suitor of Valentina.

### Marriage

Because of the close relationship between bride and groom, a papal dispensation was granted on 25 November 1386, and the marriage contract was signed on 27 January 1387 in Paris. Valentina received as a dowry the County of Vertus (which was the dowry of her own mother at the time of her marriage in 1348) and the city of Asti, with the sums of 450,000 florins in cash and 75,000 florins in jewelry. In the contract was also stipulated that in absence of male heirs, Valentina would inherit the Visconti dominions. It was because of this, that her grandson Louis XII of France claimed the Duchy of Milan and embarked on the Italian Wars. The marriage by proxy was celebrated three months later, on 8 April, in both the Milanese and French courts.

Valentina was only able to leave Milan for France on 23 June 1389, because of "reasons of security" given to her father: in fact, Gian Galeazzo wanted to amend the marriage contract after the pregnancy of his second wife Caterina Visconti (another Bernabò's daughter) ended. Only after the birth of his son Gian Maria on 7 September 1388 did he feel secure enough to send his daughter to France.

Escorted by her paternal cousin Amadeus VII, Count of Savoy and a retinue of 300 knights, Valentina was finally handed to Louis's envoys. The formal marriage took place in the city of Melun, on 17 August 1389.

In June 1392 her husband exchanged the Duchy of Touraine for the Duchy of Orléans; since then, Valentina was styled *Duchess of Orléans*. Because of intrigues at the court of Charles VI of France and the enmity of the queen, Isabeau of Bavaria-Ingolstadt, Valentina was exiled from the court and had to leave Paris. There were rumours that Isabeau was having an affair with Louis and that Valentina was very close to the King, who was in poor mental health.

A patroness of Eustache Deschamps, who wrote poetry in her honour, Valentina was also the mother of one of France's most famous poets, Charles of Orléans.

Valentina's husband's murder was orchestrated by his cousin and political rival John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy in 1407. Valentina outlived her husband by only a little over a year, dying at Blois on 4 December 1408.

### Burial

Valentina was buried at the Celestins convent of the Orleans chapel in Paris. Her monument tomb was commissioned in 1508 by her grandson Louis XII of France. It was moved to Basilica of Saint-Denis between 1817 and 1818.

## Issue

Valentina and Louis had:

## Ancestors

## Sources

* Adams, Tracy (2010). *The Life and Afterlife of Isabeau of Bavaria*. Johns Hopkins University Press.
* Azzolini, Monica (2013). *The Duke and the Stars: Astrology and Politics in Renaissance Milan*. Harvard University Press.
* Booton, Diane E. (2016). *Manuscripts, Market and the Transition to Print in Late Medieval Brittany*. Taylor & Francis.
* DeSilva, Jennifer Mara (2015). *The Sacralization of Space and Behavior in the Early Modern World: Studies and Sources*. Routledge.
* Emerton, Ephraim (1917). *The Beginnings of Modern Europe (1250-1450)*. Boston: Ginn & Co.
* Gallo, F. Alberto (1995). *Music in the Castle: Troubadours, Books, and Orators in Italian Courts of the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Centuries*. University of Chicago Press.
* Henneman, John Bell (2018). *Olivier de Clisson and Political Society in France Under Charles V and Charles VI*. University of Pennsylvania Press.
* Knecht, Robert (2004). *The Valois: Kings of France 1328-1589*. Hambledon Continuum.
* de Mesquita, Daniel Meredith Bueno (1941). *Giangaleazzo Visconti, Duke of Milan (1351-1402): A Study in the Political Career of an Italian Despot*. Cambridge at the University Press.
* Rohr, Zita Eva (2016). *Yolande of Aragon (1381-1442) Family and Power: The Reverse of the Tapestry*. Palgrave Macmillan.
* Sumption, Jonathan (2016). *The Hundred Years War*. Vol. 4: Cursed Kings. University of Pennsylvania Press.
* Veenstra, Jan R. (1998). *Magic and Divination at the Courts of Burgundy and France: Text and Contest of Laurens Pignon's "Contre le devineurs (1411)"*. Brill.
* Welch, Evelyn S. (1995). *Art and Authority in Renaissance Milan*. Yale University Press.

## InfoBox

| Valentina of Milan | |
| --- | --- |
| *Duchess of Orléans* | |
| Valentina Visconti receiving Honoré Bonet's *Apparicion maistre Jehan de Meun*, c. 1398. Illumination on parchment, BnF | |
| Countess of Vertus | |
| Tenure | 17 August 1389 – 4 December 1408 |
| Predecessor | Gian Galeazzo Visconti |
| Successor | Philip of Orléans |
|  | |
| Born | Valentina Visconti
1371
Pavia, Visconti fiefdoms, Italy |
| Died | 1408 (aged 37)
Château de Blois, Orléanais, France |
| Spouse | Louis I, Duke of Orléans  (m. 1389; died 1407) |
| Issue |  |
| House | Visconti |
| Father | Gian Galeazzo Visconti |
| Mother | Isabella of France |


title: Moving Gelatine Plates

abstract: Moving Gelatine Plates is a French progressive rock band first formed in 1968 by Gérard Bertram (guitarist) and Didier Thibault, who met in 1966 as 14-year-old schoolmates. Being heavily influenced by jazz, the band is considered to be part of progressive rock's Canterbury scene despite its national origin. In particular, the band's sound has been compared to Soft Machine. According to Thibault, the band’s name derives from the novel Travels with Charley: In Search of America by John Steinbeck. Drummer Gérard Pons and multi-instrumentalist Maurice Hemlinger completed the line-up for the band’s first, self-titled album which was released by CBS in 1971. Moving Gelatine Plates under the same line-up released a second album with CBS in 1972 entitled The World of Genius Hans, which like their first effort met with little commercial success. Owing to financial problems resulting from poor sales, after releasing this album the band was soon forced to break up. Thibault reformed the band with different members to release the album Moving in 1980 on the AMO label, shortly after which the band folded once more. The band reformed again to release a fourth album entitled Removing in 2006.

text:
# Moving Gelatine Plates

**Moving Gelatine Plates** is a French progressive rock band first formed in 1968 by Gérard Bertram (guitarist) and Didier Thibault (bassist and band leader), who met in 1966 as 14-year-old schoolmates. Being heavily influenced by jazz, the band is considered to be part of progressive rock's Canterbury scene despite its national origin. In particular, the band's sound has been compared to Soft Machine. According to Thibault, the band’s name derives from the novel *Travels with Charley: In Search of America* by John Steinbeck.

Drummer Gérard Pons and multi-instrumentalist Maurice Hemlinger completed the line-up for the band’s first, self-titled album which was released by CBS in 1971. Moving Gelatine Plates under the same line-up released a second album with CBS in 1972 entitled *The World of Genius Hans*, which like their first effort met with little commercial success. Owing to financial problems resulting from poor sales, after releasing this album the band was soon forced to break up.

Thibault reformed the band with different members to release the album *Moving* in 1980 on the AMO label, shortly after which the band folded once more. The band reformed again to release a fourth album entitled *Removing* in 2006.

## Discography

* *Moving Gelatine Plates* (1971)
* *The World of Genius Hans* (1972)
* *Moving* (1980)
* *Removing* (2006)

## Filmography

1. – An interview with Didier Thibault (French)
2. – Review of *The World of Genius Hans* (French)
3. – Biography on allmusic.com
4. – Review of *Removing* on progressor.net

## InfoBox

| Moving Gelatine Plates | |
| --- | --- |
| Origin | France |
| Genres | Progressive rock |
| Years active | * 1968-1972 * 1978-1981 * 2006 |
| Labels |  |
|  | |
| Past members | * Gérard Bertram * Didier Thibault * Gérard Pons * Maurice Hemlinger |


title: Nina Kiru

abstract: Nina Kiru is an archaeological site with stone tombs (chullpa) in Peru. It was declared a National Cultural Heritage by RDN No. 496 of May 31, 2002. Nina Kiru lies in the Ayacucho Region, Lucanas Province, Carmen Salcedo District, near Antamarka (Andamarca).

text:
# Nina Kiru

**Nina Kiru** (Quechua  *nina* fire, *kiru* tooth, "fire tooth", also spelled *Nina Kiro, Ninaquero*) is an archaeological site with stone tombs (*chullpa*) in Peru. It was declared a National Cultural Heritage by RDN No. 496 of May 31, 2002. Nina Kiru lies in the Ayacucho Region, Lucanas Province, Carmen Salcedo District, near Antamarka *(Andamarca)*.

1. Teofilo Laime Ajacopa (2007). *Diccionario Bilingüe: Iskay simipi yuyayk’anch: Quechua – Castellano / Castellano – Quechua* (PDF). La Paz, Bolivia: futatraw.ourproject.org.
2. El Peruano, Normas Legales, p. 243767, May 8, 2003, Lima
3. "Sitio Arqueológico Ninaquero". mincetur. Retrieved April 2, 2015.

## InfoBox

Nina Kiru
| Location | Peru, Ayacucho Region, Lucanas Province |
| --- | --- |
| Region | Andes |


title: New Northwest Broadcasters

abstract: New Northwest Broadcasters, headquartered in Bellevue, Washington, operated 38 radio stations in seven cities in the Pacific Northwest and Alaska. Prior to the company's bankruptcy, its stations were located in Alaska, Montana (Billings), Oregon, and Washington (Yakima).

text:
# New Northwest Broadcasters

**New Northwest Broadcasters**, headquartered in Bellevue, Washington, operated 38 radio stations in seven cities in the Pacific Northwest and Alaska. Prior to the company's bankruptcy, its stations were located in Alaska (Anchorage and Fairbanks), Montana (Billings), Oregon (Astoria and Klamath Falls), and Washington (Yakima).

## Stations owned

### Anchorage, Alaska

### Astoria, Oregon

### Billings, Montana

In 2009, New Northwest spun its Billings cluster off to company president and CEO Pete Benedetti.

### Fairbanks, Alaska

### Yakima, Washington


title: 1982 Sovran Bank Classic

abstract: The 1982 Sovran Bank Classic was a men's tennis tournament and was played on outdoor clay courts. The event was part of the 1982 Grand Prix circuit. It was the 14th edition of the tournament and was held at Rock Creek Park in Washington, D.C. from July 19 through July 25, 1982. First-seeded Ivan Lendl won the singles title.

text:
# 1982 Sovran Bank Classic

The **1982 Sovran Bank Classic** was a men's tennis tournament and was played on outdoor clay courts. The event was part of the 1982 Grand Prix circuit. It was the 14th edition of the tournament and was held at Rock Creek Park in Washington, D.C. from July 19 through July 25, 1982. First-seeded Ivan Lendl won the singles title.

## Finals

### Singles

Ivan Lendl defeated  Jimmy Arias 6–3, 6–3

* It was Lendl's 9th singles title of the year and the 26th of his career.

### Doubles

Raúl Ramírez /  Van Winitsky defeated  Hans Gildemeister /  Andrés Gómez 7–5, 7–6

## InfoBox

| 1982 Sovran Bank Classic | |
| --- | --- |
| Date | July 19–25 |
| Edition | 14th |
| Category | Grand Prix |
| Draw | 64S / 32D |
| Prize money | $200,000 |
| Surface | Clay / outdoor |
| Location | Washington, D.C., United States |
| Venue | Rock Creek Park |
| Champions | |
| Singles | |
| Ivan Lendl | |
| Doubles | |
| Raúl Ramírez /  Van Winitsky | |
|  | |


title: Luis Pardo Céspedes

abstract: Luis Pardo Céspedes, manager and writer, He is considered a specialist in leadership and new technologies as well as its application to small and medium enterprises. Since 2014, he has been CEO and executive vice president of Sage Iberia. In 2018, he received the Gold Medal for Merit at Work from the European Association of Economics and Competitiveness. He was recognized with the "CEO of the Year" award by the newspaper La Razón in 2017.

text:
# Luis Pardo Céspedes

**Luis Pardo Céspedes** (20 June 1968, Barcelona, Spain), manager and writer, He is considered a specialist in leadership and new technologies as well as its application to small and medium enterprises. Since 2014, he has been CEO and executive vice president of Sage Iberia. In 2018, he received the Gold Medal for Merit at Work from the European Association of Economics and Competitiveness. He was recognized with the "CEO of the Year" award by the newspaper *La Razón* in 2017.

## Professional development

The family beginnings of Luis Pardo have marked the development of his career. Born into a family of small and medium entrepreneurs, he was able to learn about the problems faced by medium and small companies (SMEs) and he learned about the future solutions to them. His studies and his family experience allowed him to become one of the great Spanish experts in the application of new technologies and digitalization of small businesses. In addition, Luis Pardo is a loyal defender of diversity as an engine of innovation and he is an expert in managing multidisciplinary, multigenerational and multicultural teams.

### Academic training

He graduated *summa cum laudem* in business administration and management from the European University. Continuing his training with the Master in General Management from the IESE - Business School (University of Navarra), Master in Business Administration from EADA Business School (Barcelona) and a master's degree in business sciences, from the Management School (Barcelona).

### Career

He began his career in 1989, a year after finishing his degree, as a marketing manager in Copeca, a family business in the food sector that had begun its internationalization. Three years later, he moved to Gesfime where he worked in finance and sales.

After Gesfime, he moved into new technologies as the director of operations of a service company in the IT sector (Replitec). After this, he joined as director the third world manufacturer at that time, MPO, of digital media, CDs and DVDs, and worked with the leading companies in the world of software and multimedia. At the same time, MPO developed a new business with a logistics services company for the IT sector.

In 2001, he began his professional relationship with SAGE, the multinational world leader in business management software. After several positions of responsibility, he assumed the responsibility of the General Directorate of Clients in Europe and in 2014 he was appointed CEO in Spain, executive vice president of Sage Iberia and member of the European Committee in 2014.

### Expert in medium and small companies

As an expert in technological development in medium and small companies, he says that "the first lever of the growth of a company in the XXI century is innovation and in this case, technological innovation". In addition, he emphasizes the importance of continuing training and has applied this to his own professional career. Due to all this, it has become a benchmark in the world of SMEs and self-employed and has led him to collaborate as a guest firm in magazines and newspapers, such as *\[ El País Economía\]*.

Due to his work at Sage Iberia, he has become a benchmark in the world of SMEs and self-employed. What is shown by its entry into various positions such as the Business Action Council of the CEOE, the Advisory Council of the Employer of Promotion of Work and its Network of Innovation and Technology. Is member of the Club Malaga Valley and he is President of the International Madrid Business Club. Since 2019 he is also a member of the board of trustees of the EADA University Foundation. Since 2020 he has been a member of the Management Committee and a member of the Board of Directors of AMETIC, the employers of the Technological Sector of Spain. Since May of that same year he has also been President of the British Chamber of Commerce in Spain, of whose Governing Council he previously formed part. Finally, he works as an advisor to new companies, which allows him to have a much wider perspective on the reality of the entrepreneurial ecosystem in Spain.

### Expert in digital humanism

Luis Pardo has been one of the first voices to speak of digital humanism in Spain and expresses his optimistic and fundamental vision about the effects of the Fourth Industrial Revolution in his book 'Journey to the center of digital humanism', convinced that with will and Ethics is our best ally to get better and more prosperous.

The technological revolution is rethinking the anthropological questions of classical masters and posing dilemmas and ethical challenges. Luis Céspedes defends that digital humanism is the answer to how we should use technology, and also to human values and to keep in mind that technology must always be at the service of the human being.

## Bibliography

* *El ABC del autónomo. Guía práctica para planificar, financiar y gestionar tu propio negocio,* Ed. Deusto (2016). ISBN 9788423424870
* *Siete claves para el éxito de las Start-Ups* (edición digital)
* *Viaje al centro del humanismo digital,* Ed. Verssus (2019). ISBN 9788494944369

### Chapters of books

* VV.AA: *La empresa en España: Objetivo 2020,* Ed. Deusto (2017).
* VV.AA: *Internacionalización: claves y buenas prácticas,* Profit (2015)
* VV.AA: *Nuevas tendencias en gestión pública*, Profit (2011)

## Awards and honours

| Awards | Given by | Year |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Innovation Award | SAGE | 2007 |
| Confident Leader Award | SAGE | 2014 |
| Leadership Award | EU Business School | 2016 |
| Best World #1 | SAGE | 2017 |
| Estrella de Oro de la Excelencia Profesional | Instituto Excelencia Profesional | 2017 |
| CEO del Año | Premios Tecnología e Innovación, de *La Razón* | 2017 |
| Medalla de Oro al Mérito en el Trabajo | Asociación Europea de Economía y Competitividad. | 2018 |
| Member of the Year de los Movers & Shakers Business Awards | Barcelona International Business Club | 2020 |
| CEO del año Gran Empresa 2020 | Club CEO | 2020 |

## InfoBox

| Luis Pardo Céspedes | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Luis Pardo Céspedes
20 June 1968
Barcelona, Spain |
| Occupation | Manager, writer |
| Language | Spanish |
| Website | |
| www.luispardocespedes.com | |


title: Skimrande vårar

abstract: Skimrande vårar in Swedish and Legenden om den øde skogen in Norwegian is a short historical novel by author Margit Sandemo from 1993. This novel describes the life of six orphans which live alone in the middle of uninhabited forest. The main character of the novel is Juliane, the sixteen-year-old eldest sister. She and her older brother Jorulv must provide for their younger brothers and sisters after their mother died, and their father went to the town, a couple of days' walk away, and never came back. The winter is approaching, and Juliane and Jorulv wonder how they are going to survive. There is no one to help them, until Juliane meets a mysterious stranger she thinks might be the Forest God. This novel has translated also to Polish.

text:
# Skimrande vårar

***Skimrande vårar*** in Swedish and ***Legenden om den øde skogen*** in Norwegian (in English *Glittering Springs* or *Legend about the Inhabitant Forest*; this novel has not been translated into English) is a short historical novel by author Margit Sandemo from 1993. This novel describes the life of six orphans which live alone in the middle of uninhabited forest. The main character of the novel is Juliane, the sixteen-year-old eldest sister. She and her older brother Jorulv must provide for their younger brothers and sisters after their mother died, and their father went to the town, a couple of days' walk away, and never came back. The winter is approaching, and Juliane and Jorulv wonder how they are going to survive. There is no one to help them, until Juliane meets a mysterious stranger she thinks might be the Forest God. This novel has translated also to Polish.

## InfoBox

*Skimrande vårar*
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Margit Sandemo |
| Language | Swedish, Norwegian |
| Genre | Novel |
| Publisher | Boknöje AB |
| Publication date | 1993 |
| Media type | Pocket book |
| Pages | 156 |
| ISBN | 91-7710-813-2 |
| OCLC | 186466002 |


title: Zoii Nath Sarmah

abstract: Dr Zoii Nath Sarmah is an Indian politician who has served as MLA from the Sipajhar constituency in Assam from 1991 to 2001 from Asom Gana Parishad ticket and he had joined Indian National Congress on 2016 and contested from Sipajhar constituency.

text:
# Zoii Nath Sarmah

**Dr Zoii Nath Sarmah** is an Indian politician who has served as MLA from the Sipajhar (Vidhan Sabha constituency) constituency in Assam from 1991 to 2001 from Asom Gana Parishad ticket and he had joined Indian National Congress on 2016 and contested from Sipajhar constituency.

## InfoBox

| Dr Zoii Nath Sarmah | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Former Member of Assam Legislative Assembly | |
| Preceded by | Binanda Kumar Saikia |
| Constituency | Sipajhar (Vidhan Sabha constituency) |
| Member of Assam Legislative Assembly (1991-1996) | |
| Member of Assam Legislative Assembly (1996-2001) | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 01/03/1956
Dariapara Rangamati Darrang Assam |
| Nationality | Indian |
| Political party | Indian National Congress (2016–present), Asom Gana Parishad (1991–2001) |
| Parent | * Late Padma Nath Sarmah (father) |
| Residence(s) | Dariapara, Rangamati,
Mangaldoi, Darrang, Assam |
| Occupation | Former MLA of Assam Legislative Assembly (nominated) in 2016
Politician
Social and political activist |
| Website | drzoiinathsarmah.in |
|  | |


title: That's a No No

abstract: "That's a No No" is a song written by Ben Peters. It was recorded by American country music artist Lynn Anderson and released as a single in July 1969 via Chart Records.

text:
# That's a No No

**"That's a No No"** is a song written by Ben Peters. It was recorded by American country music artist Lynn Anderson and released as a single in July 1969 via Chart Records.

## Background and release

"That's a No No" was recorded at the RCA Victor Studio in May 1969, located in Nashville, Tennessee. The sessions was produced by Slim Williamson, Anderson's producer while recording for the Chart label.

"That's a No No" reached number 2 on the *Billboard* Hot Country Singles chart in 1969. It was Anderson's seventh major hit single as a recording artist. It also became a major hit on the Canadian RPM Country Songs chart, reaching number two in 1969. The song was issued on Anderson's 1969 studio album, *At Home with Lynn*.

## Track listings

7" vinyl single * "That's a No No" – 2:00
* "If Silence Is Golden" – 2:30

## Chart performance

| Chart (1968–1969) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Canada Country Songs (*RPM*) | 2 |
| US Hot Country Songs (*Billboard*) | 2 |
|

## InfoBox

| "That's a No No" | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by Lynn Anderson | |
| from the album  *At Home with Lynn* | |
| B-side | "If Silence is Golden" |
| Released | July 1969 (1969-07) |
| Recorded | May 1969 |
| Studio | RCA Victor (Nashville, Tennessee) |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 2:00 |
| Label | Chart |
| Songwriter(s) | Ben Peters |
| Producer(s) | Slim Williamson |
| Lynn Anderson singles chronology | |
| "Where's the Playground, Bobby?"
(1969) "**That's a No No**"
(1969) "He'd Still Love Me"
(1969) | |


title: Value semantics

abstract: In computer science, having value semantics means for an object that only its value counts, not its identity. Immutable objects have value semantics trivially, and in the presence of mutation, an object with value semantics can only be uniquely-referenced at any point in a program. The concepts that are used to explain this concept are extensionality, definiteness, substitutivity of identity, unfoldability, and referential transparency.

text:
# Value semantics

In computer science, having **value semantics** (also **value-type semantics** or **copy-by-value semantics**) means for an object that only its value counts, not its identity. Immutable objects have value semantics trivially, and in the presence of mutation, an object with value semantics can only be uniquely-referenced at any point in a program.

The concepts that are used to explain this concept are extensionality, definiteness, substitutivity of identity, unfoldability, and referential transparency.


title: Moving Home

abstract: Moving Home is the debut release from English band Moose Blood. It was released on Fist in the Air Records in February 2013.

text:
# Moving Home

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Absolute Punk |  |
| Punknews.org |  |
| Sputnikmusic |  |

***Moving Home*** is the debut release from English band Moose Blood. It was released on Fist in the Air Records in February 2013.

## Track listing

All music is composed by Moose Blood

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "My Own Boat" | 1:02 |
| 2. | "Evening Coffee" | 2:35 |
| 3. | "Moving Home" | 3:01 |
| 4. | "Carbis Bay" | 2:40 |
| 5. | "Drive" | 2:19 |
| 6. | "Bukowski" | 3:21 |
| Total length: | | 14:54 |

## Personnel

Adapted via Bandcamp.

**Moose Blood*** Eddy Brewerton – vocals, guitar
* Mark E. Osborne – guitar
* Sam Bradford – bass
* Glenn Harvey – drums

## InfoBox

| Moving Home | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| EP by Moose Blood | |
| Released | 11 February 2013 |
| Recorded | Emo, Indie Rock, Pop punk |
| Length | 14:54 |
| Label | Fist in the Air |
| Producer | Ricky Beetlestone |
| Moose Blood chronology | |
| *Bukowski Demo (Summer '12)*
(2012) ***Moving Home***
(2013) *I'll Keep You in Mind, From Time to Time*
(2014) | |


title: Nigel Watts

abstract: Nigel Kevin Watts was an Australian rugby league footballer who played in the 1940s.

text:
# Nigel Watts

**Nigel Kevin Watts** (21 October 1919 – February 17, 1995) was an Australian rugby league footballer who played in the 1940s.

## Playing career

Watts was a schoolboy rugby union start from St. Josephs College, who went on to star for the Eastern Suburbs Rugby Union club before embarking on a brief rugby league career at St. George during World War II. As he had never played Rugby League before, the residential-rule did not apply to Watts, who was a resident of Bondi at the time. Watts was in the Australian Army during his time at the Saints, although after he was discharged from the Army, he moved to a captain/coach role in the Illawarra competition in 1946. He represented a combined South Coast Division representative team that defeated the touring Great Britain national rugby league team 15–12 at Wollongong, New South Wales on 2 June 1946.

## Death

Watts died in Sydney on 17 February 1995

## InfoBox

Nigel Watts
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Nigel Kevin Watts |
| Born | (1919-10-21)21 October 1919
Enmore, New South Wales, Australia |
| Died | 17 February 1995(1995-02-17) (aged 75)
Sydney, New South Wales, Australia |
| Playing information | |
| Position | Centre |
| Club  Years Team Pld T G FG P  1944–45 St. George 14 1 10 0 23  Representative  Years Team Pld T G FG P  1946 NSW Country 1 0 1 0 2 | |
| Source: As of 7 August 2019 | |


title: Zento Uno

abstract: Zento Uno Zento Uno is a Japanese professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for J1 League club Machida Zelvia.

text:
# Zento Uno

**Zento Uno** (宇野 禅斗, *Uno Zento*, born 20 November 2003) is a Japanese professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for J1 League club Machida Zelvia.

## Youth career

Uno played football at the Aomori Yamada Junior High School, citing teammate Kuryu Matsuki as a rival, but also an inspiration to push himself harder.

## Club career

In November 2021, it was announced that Uno would join J2 League side Machida Zelvia for the 2022 season.

In April 2022, Uno made his professional debut in a 1–1 league draw with JEF United Chiba, appearing as a second-half substitute for Takuya Yasui. After a number of appearances from the bench, Uno started to make his way into the starting XI, but fractured his metatarsal in June which sidelined him for twelve weeks. He didn't make another appearance in the season, and ended making nine appearances in his debut season. At the end of the 2022 season, he renewed his contract with Machida Zelvia.

For the 2023 season, he made substitute appearances in the first three games of the season, before falling to another metatarsal injury which kept him out of action until July. His comeback game was a 4–1 win in the Emperor's Cup second round against Yokohama F. Marinos. In October, he scored his first goal for the club, scoring twice in a 3–3 draw with Ventforet Kofu, which included a 97th-minute equalizer. His goalscoring, alongside his tough tackling and distribution, earned him the J2 Monthly MVP award for October. Uno ended up making 20 appearances across all competitions, helping Machida Zelvia become J2 League champions and promoted to the J1 League.

## Career statistics

### Club

*As of 16 November 2023*.

Appearances and goals by club, season and competition
| Club | Season | League | | | National Cup | | League Cup | | Other | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Japan | | | League | | Emperor's Cup | | J. League Cup | | Other | | Total | |
| Machida Zelvia | 2022 | J2 League | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  | |  | | 9 | 0 |
| | 2023 | J2 League | 18 | 3 | 2 | 0 |  | |  | | 20 | 3 |
| | Total | | 27 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 29 | 3 |
| Career total | | | 27 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 29 | 3 |

## Honours

Machida Zelvia

## InfoBox

Zento Uno
宇野 禅斗
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (2003-11-20) 20 November 2003 | | |
| Place of birth | Fukushima, Fukushima, Japan | | |
| Height | 1.76 m (5 ft 9 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Midfielder | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | Machida Zelvia | | |
| Number | 16 | | |
| Youth career | | | |
|  | Forte Fukushima FC | | |
| 2016–2018 | Aomori Yamada Junior High School | | |
| 2019–2021 | Aomori Yamada High School | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2022– | Machida Zelvia | 27 | (3) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 22:23, 16 November 2023 (UTC) | | | |


title: Luis Simarro Lacabra

abstract: Luis Simarro Lacabra was a Spanish neurologist who was born in Rome while his parents were living in the Papal States.

text:
# Luis Simarro Lacabra

**Luis Simarro Lacabra** (6 January 1851  19 June 1921) was a Spanish neurologist who was born in Rome while his parents were living in the Papal States.

## Career

He studied medicine in Valencia and Madrid, and in 1877 was appointed director of the Santa Isabel insane asylum at Leganés, outside of Madrid. From 1880 he lived in Paris and studied general anatomy and histology with Louis-Antoine Ranvier and clinical neurology under Jean Martin Charcot. Here he also came under the influence of philosopher Ernest Renan (1823–1892). anatomist Mathias-Marie Duval (1844–1907) and psychiatrist Valentin Magnan (1835–1916). In 1885 he returned to Madrid and opened a private practice, and in 1902 was appointed to the first chair of experimental psychology in Spain.

As a psychiatrist, Simarro was heavily influenced by developments in Germany, particularly Emil Kraepelin's classification and treatment of the insane, Wilhelm Wundt's theory of experimental psychology and Theodor Ziehen's critical analysis of Wundt's approach to psychology.

Notwithstanding his work in psychiatry, Simarro is largely remembered for a contribution made in histology when he developed a silver bromide modification of Camillo Golgi's silver chromate technique. Famed Spanish histologist Ramón y Cajal recognized Simarro's achievement, and mentioned that it was a milestone that allowed him to abandon general histology and to focus on neurohistology.

## Bibliography

* Bandrés, J. (2022). Luis Simarro y sus contemporáneos. Madrid: Academia de Psicología de España y Sanz y Torres.
* Bandrés, J., Llavona, R. y Campos, J. (1996). Luis Simarro. En M. Saiz y D. Saiz (Coords.) Personajes para una Historia de la Psicología en España. (pp. 185-199). Madrid: Pirámide.
* Campos, J.J. (2006) Un día en el Arco de Santa María. In *Santiago Ramón y Cajal, 100 años después*  Eds. A. Ferrús y A. Gamundí. Madrid: Editorial Pirámide, pp. 62–92.
* Campos, J.J. (2006) Trayectoria y circunstancias de Cajal y Simarro. In *Santiago Ramón y Cajal, 100 años después*  Eds. A. Ferrús y A. Gamundí. Madrid: Editorial Pirámide, pp. 93–129.
* Campos, J.J. (2002) Luís Simarro y el origen de la Neurología en España. In *Historia de la Neurología en España*, Ed. A. Martín Araguz. Madrid: GlaxoSmithKline, pp. 119–127.
* Campos Bueno, JJ, (2010) Art and Science in Sorolla’s Painting A Research in Dr. Simarro’s Lab. Psychologia Latina, 1, 9–26
* Carpintero, H.(2004). El Doctor Simarro y la Psicología española. Anales de la Real Academia de Ciencias Morales y Políticas, 79, 193-214.
* Carpintero, H. (2014). Luis Simarro. De la Psicología científica al compromiso ético. Valencia: UPV
* Carpintero, H., Campos, J.J., Bandrés, J. (2002) *Luís Simarro y la Psicología Científica en España. Cien Años de la cátedra de Psicología Experimental en la Universidad de Madrid*, Madrid: Universidad Complutense.
* CMC (Carlos María Cortezo) (1921) Luis Simarro, Siglo Médico, 78: 616-617.
* Fernández-Galiano, D. (1994) *Apuntes sobre la historia de la microscopía en España*, Microbiología Sem., 10: 343-356.
* Kaplan, T. M. (1971a) *Luis Simarro, Spanish histologist*, Congreso nacional de historia de la medicina (Valencia 1969). Sociedad Española de Historia de la Medicina, 2: 523-533.
* Kaplan, T. M.. (1971b) *Luis Simarro’s psychological theories*, Congresso nacional de historia de la medicina (Valencia 1969). Sociedad Española de Historia de la Medicina, 2: 545-555.
* López Piñero, J. M. (1983) *Diccionario histórico de la ciencia moderna en España*, Barcelona: Península, pp. 327–330.
* Ramón y Cajal, S. (1937) *Recollections of My Life*, trans. E. H. Craigie, Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, vol. 2, pp. 307–308.
* Vidal Parellada, A. (2007). Luis Simarro y su tiempo. Madrid: CSIC

* *Luis Simarro Lacabra \[1851-1921\]: From Golgi to Cajal through Simarro, via Ranvier* published by Nieves Fernández and C. S. Breathnach in the Journal of the History of Neurosciences, 2001; 10: 19-26.;

## InfoBox

| Luis Simarro Lacabra | |
| --- | --- |
| *Portrait of Dr Simarro at the microscope* by Joaquín Sorolla, 1897 | |
| Born | (1851-01-06)6 January 1851
Rome, Papal States |
| Died | 19 June 1921(1921-06-19) (aged 70)
Madrid, Spain |
| Nationality | Spanish |
| Education | Complutense University of Madrid
University of Valencia |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Neurology |
| Institutions | Complutense University of Madrid |
|  | |


title: Siyah Beyaz Aşk

abstract: Siyah Beyaz Aşk is a Turkish romantic drama television series starring İbrahim Çelikkol, Birce Akalay, Muhammet Uzuner, Arzu Gamze Kılınç, Ece Dizdar and Deniz Celiloğlu. It premiered on Kanal D on October 16, 2017 and concluded on May 28, 2018.

text:
# Siyah Beyaz Aşk

***Siyah Beyaz Aşk*** (English title: *Price of Passion*) is a Turkish romantic drama television series starring İbrahim Çelikkol, Birce Akalay, Muhammet Uzuner, Arzu Gamze Kılınç, Ece Dizdar and Deniz Celiloğlu. It premiered on Kanal D on October 16, 2017 and concluded on May 28, 2018.

## Synopsis

When doctor Aslı decides to help out someone and sees something she shouldn’t have seen, she learns two things. One, she accidentally helped a mafia leader. Two, he wants to kill her. That drastically changes as Ferhat, the mafia leader finds out Aslı has a brother in the police department. Not wanting to make the situation worse Ferhat gives the doctor an ultimatum: Marry him and take his last name. Or die.

## Cast

* İbrahim Çelikkol as Ferhat Aslan, Yeter and Namik's son, Asli's lover/husband.
* Birce Akalay as Aslı Çınar Aslan, Cem’s younger sister, Ferhat's lover/wife.
* Muhammet Uzuner as Namık Emirhan, Ferhat's biological father (who raised Ferhat and brought in the Aslans to his home) and Handan’s brother
* Arzu Gamze Kılınç as Yeter Aslan, Ferhat, Yiğit, and Gülsüm’s mother
* Ece Dizdar as İdil Yaman Emirhan, Namik’s secretary and love interest
* Deniz Celiloğlu as Yiğit Aslan, Yeter’s son, Ferhat’s and Gülsüm’s brother, Suna’s husband and Özgür’s father
* Cahit Gök as Cüneyt Koçak, Vildan’s husband, Gülsüm’s former lover and Necdet’s father
* Uğur Aslan as Cem Çınar, Asli’s older brother, Ebru's lover
* Sinem Ünsal as Gülsüm Aslan Adaklı, Yeter’s daughter, Ferhat and Yiğit‘s younger sister, Abidin’s wife and Necdet’s mother
* Özlem Zeynep Dinsel as Vildan Koçak, Cüneyt’s wife, Ferhat’s former lover, Handan’s daughter and Özge’s mother
* Timur Ölkebaş as Abidin Adaklı, Ferhat’s cousin, Gülsüm’s husband, Handan’s son and Necdet’s adoptive father
* Burcu Tuna as Suna Aslan, Yiğit‘s wife and Özgür’s mother
* Kadriye Kenter as Handan Adaklı, Namik’s sister, Vildan and Abidin’s mother
* Fatih Topçuoğlu as Dilsiz, Ferhat’s right hand man and Hülya’s lover
* Ceylan Odman as Deniz, Asli's close friend.
* Nihan Aşıcı as Yaprak
* Burcu Cavrar as Hülya, maid of the Aslans and Dilsiz’s lover
* Selin Köseoğlu as Jülide, Asli and Cem’s long lost niece
* Özgül Sağdıç as Ebru, Asli’s best friend-turned enemy, Cem's lover
* Batuhan Davutoglu as Özgür Aslan, Yiğit and Suna’s son.
* Roza Çelik as Özge Koçak, Vildan and Cüneyt’s daughter, Handan's granddaughter.

## International broadcasting

* Vietnam \- The series premiered on May 30, 2022, on VTV3 as *Đam mê và trả giá*.

## Remake

* Ukraine \- This series was remade in Ukraine as *Na tvoey storone* (Я на твоєму боці), which aired on Domashnyi TV channel.

## InfoBox

| *Siyah Beyaz Aşk* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Also known as | Price of Passion |
| Genre | Drama
Romance |
| Written by | Eylem Canpolat
Sema Ergenekon |
| Directed by | Yasin Uslu |
| Starring | İbrahim Çelikkol
Birce Akalay
Muhammet Uzuner
Arzu Gamze Kılınç
Ece Dizdar
Deniz Celiloğlu |
| Country of origin | Turkey |
| Original language | Turkish |
| No. of seasons | 1 |
| No. of episodes | 32 |
| Production | |
| Producers | Lale Eren
Ayşe Elif Durmaz |
| Production location | Istanbul |
| Running time | 120 minutes |
| Production company | D Productions |
| Original release | |
| Network | Kanal D |
| Release | October 16, 2017 (2017-10-16)
May 28, 2018 (2018-05-28) |


title: Zoila S. Mendoza

abstract: Zoila Silvia del Rosario Mendoza Beoutis is a Peruvian-born anthropologist and documentary filmmaker based in the United States. She has written books on dance and folklore in the Peruvian city of Cusco and is a professor at the University of California, Davis Department of Native American Studies.

text:
# Zoila S. Mendoza

**Zoila Silvia del Rosario Mendoza Beoutis** (born 1960) is a Peruvian-born anthropologist and documentary filmmaker based in the United States. She has written books on dance and folklore in the Peruvian city of Cusco and is a professor at the University of California, Davis Department of Native American Studies.

## Biography

Zoila Silvia del Rosario Mendoza Beoutis was born in 1960 in the Peruvian city of Piura to Andean migrant parents. She was named after her mother and a close friend of the former, musician Yma Sumac.

Mendoza studied at the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru (PUCP), where she got her BA in 1982 and Licenciatura in 1985, and the University of Chicago, where she got her MA in 1987 and PhD in 1993; all of these degrees were both in the field of anthropology. Her PhD dissertation is titled *Shaping Society Through Dance: Mestizo Ritual Performance in the Southern Peruvian Highlands*. She was a 1988–1989 Fulbright Fellow.

In 1994, she joined the University of California, Davis faculty and has remained with them since. After serving some time as Lecturer, she was promoted to Assistant Professor the same year, before being moved from the Department of Music to the Department of Native American Studies in 1999. She was promoted to Associate Professor in 2001 and eventually Professor in 2008. In 2015, she became chair of the Department of Native American Studies.

As an academic, Mendoza specializes in performance art in the Andes and Peru and in the culture of the Quechua people. In the late-1980s, she started an archive of audiovisual content as part of her research, later housed at the PUCP's Instituto de Etnomusicología Andina. In 2000, she published the book *Shaping Society Through Dance: Mestizo Ritual Performance in the Peruvian Andes* (2000), which discusses the concept of the Department of Cuzco comparsas. She later published three books on dance and folklore in the Peruvian city of Cusco: *Al Son de la Danza: Identidad y Comparsas en el Cuzco* (2001); *Crear y Sentir lo Nuestro: Folklore Identidad Regional y Nacional en Cuzco, Siglo XX* (2006); and *Creating our Own: Folklore, Performance, and Identity in Cuzco, Peru* (2008). She is also fluent in the Quechua language.

In 2006, she started visiting the Pomacanchi District and participated in her first pilgrimage to the Quyllurit'i religious festival there. She later went to two more pilgrimages in 2008 and 2010. She completed her ethnographic work on the area in 2013, inspiring *Qoyllur Rit’i: Crónica de una Peregrinación Cusqueña* (a 2021 bilingual Spanish-Quechua book).

In 2015, she produced two documentaries: *Memory Walkers*, which is about the aftermath of the internal conflict in Peru; and *The Pilgrimage to the Sanctuary of the Lord of Qoyllur Rit'i: The Walk Experience*, inspired by her experiences with the Quyllurit'i festival.

She was appointed as a Guggenheim Fellow in 2010.

## Bibliography

## Filmography

* *Memory Walkers* (2015, documentary)
* *The Pilgrimage to the Sanctuary of the Lord of Qoyllur Rit'i: The Walk Experience* (2015, documentary)

## InfoBox

| Zoila S. Mendoza | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1960 (age 6364)<br>Piura, Department of Piura, Peru |
| Occupations | * Anthropologist * documentary filmmaker |
| Awards | Guggenheim Fellow (2010) |
|  | |
| Academic background | |
| Alma mater |  |
| Thesis | *Shaping Society Through Dance: Mestizo Ritual Performance in the Southern Peruvian Highlands* (1993) |
| Academic work | |
| Institutions | University of California, Davis |
|  | |


title: Teupah Selatan

abstract: Teupah Selatan is a district (Kecamatan) of the Simeulue Regency on Simeulue island in the Indonesian province of Aceh. As of 2020 it had a total population of 9,030 people. while the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 9,444.

text:
# Teupah Selatan

**Teupah Selatan** is a district (*Kecamatan*) of the Simeulue Regency on Simeulue island in the Indonesian province of Aceh. As of 2020 it had a total population of 9,030 people. while the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 9,444.

## Administrative divisions

Teupah Selatan is divided administratively into 16 *desa* / *kelurahan*:

1. Alus Alus
2. Ana Ao
3. Badegong
4. Batu Ralang
5. Blang Sebel
6. Kebun Baru
7. Labuan Bajau
8. Labuan Bakti
9. Labuhan Jaya
10. Lataling
11. Latiung
12. Pasir Tinggi
13. Pulau Bengkalak
14. Seuneubok
15. Suak Lamatan
16. Ulul Mayang

## InfoBox

| Teupah Selatan | |
| --- | --- |
| *Kecamatan* | |
| Teupah Selatan | |
| Coordinates: 2°22′0″N 96°26′13″E / 2.36667°N 96.43694°E / 2.36667; 96.43694 | |
| Country | Indonesia |
| Province | Aceh |
| Regency | Simeulue |
| Area | |
| Total | 222.24 km2 (85.81 sq mi) |
| Population (mid 2023 estimate) | |
| Total | 9,444 |
| Density | 42/km2 (110/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+7 (WIB) |


title: Moyie River Canyon Bridge

abstract: The Moyie River Canyon Bridge is a structural steel truss cantilever bridge that spans the Moyie River in the city of Moyie Springs just east of Bonners Ferry, Idaho. Constructed in 1965, the bridge is on U.S. Route 2 at mile marker 70. The bridge is 1,223 ft (373 m) long and 464 ft (141 m) high, and is a replacement for an obsolete 1923 bridge built downstream from Moyie Dam. The only higher bridges in Idaho are the Dent Suspension Bridge and Perrine Bridge.

text:
# Moyie River Canyon Bridge

The **Moyie River Canyon Bridge** is a structural steel truss cantilever bridge that spans the Moyie River in the city of Moyie Springs just east of Bonners Ferry, Idaho. Constructed in 1965, the bridge is on U.S. Route 2 at mile marker 70. The bridge is 1,223 ft (373 m) long and 464 ft (141 m) high, and is a replacement for an obsolete 1923 bridge built downstream from Moyie Dam.

The only higher bridges in Idaho are the Dent Suspension Bridge (500' tall) and Perrine Bridge (486' tall).

## InfoBox

| Moyie River Bridge | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Coordinates | 48°43′47″N 116°10′49″W / 48.72972°N 116.18028°W / 48.72972; -116.18028 |
| Carries | 2 lanes of  US 2 |
| Crosses | Moyie River |
| Locale | Moyie Springs, Idaho |
| Official name | Moyie River Canyon Bridge |
| Maintained by | Idaho Transportation Department |
| ID number | 10035 |
| Characteristics | |
| Design | Steel truss \- Deck |
| Total length | 1,223 ft (373 m) |
| Height | 464 ft (141 m) |
| Longest span | 377 ft (115 m) |
| Clearance below | 424 ft (129 m) |
| History | |
| Opened | 1965 (1965) |
| Location | |
|  | |


title: Nigel Waugh

abstract: Nigel Waugh is an Australian former rugby league and rugby union player. A Coogee-Wombats junior, Waugh was an occasional first-grade winger for South Sydney from 1995 to 1997, before switching in 1999 to rugby union, a sport he had never previously played. Waugh played his rugby union for Randwick as a three-quarter. He got signed by the New South Wales Waratahs in 2000 and was part of their side for that year's Ricoh National Championship.

text:
# Nigel Waugh

**Nigel Waugh** (born 13 October 1975) is an Australian former rugby league and rugby union player.

A Coogee-Wombats junior, Waugh was an occasional first-grade winger for South Sydney from 1995 to 1997, before switching in 1999 to rugby union, a sport he had never previously played.

Waugh played his rugby union for Randwick as a three-quarter. He got signed by the New South Wales Waratahs in 2000 and was part of their side for that year's Ricoh National Championship.

## InfoBox

Nigel Waugh
| Date of birth | (1975-10-13) 13 October 1975 |
| --- | --- |
| Rugby union career | |
| **Position(s)**  Three-quarter  Provincial / State sides  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  2000 Waratahs  3  (0) | |
| Rugby league career | |
| Playing information | |
| Position | Wing |
| Club  Years Team Pld T G FG P  1995–97 South Sydney 4 0 0 0 0 | |
|  | |


abstract: The Zentralarchiv der Staatlichen Museen zu Berlin is an academic institution in Berlin, Germany, linked with the collections and administrative departments of the Staatliche Museen zu Berlin. It functions as the primary site for research and preservation of the museums' "memory" and their primary source documents. Its holdings span the history of the Staatliche Museen of today back to the former Königliche Museen of the Kingdom of Prussia and German Empire. Through consolidation, the holdings have become one of the most important art history archives in Germany. The Zentralarchiv's mission is to handle these materials according to archive-specific principles, to ensure long-term preservation and to make them accessible. In response to increased demand for information and documentation about the history of the museums' collections, a location on Museum Island is open to the public, offering holdings of the archive for researchers as well as answering queries.

text:
# Zentralarchiv der Staatlichen Museen zu Berlin

The **Zentralarchiv der Staatlichen Museen zu Berlin** (Central Archive of the Berlin State Museums) is an academic institution in Berlin, Germany, linked with the collections and administrative departments of the Staatliche Museen zu Berlin. It functions as the primary site for research and preservation of the museums' "memory" and their primary source documents. Its holdings span the history of the Staatliche Museen of today back to the former Königliche Museen (Royal Museums) of the Kingdom of Prussia and German Empire. Through consolidation, the holdings have become one of the most important art history archives in Germany.

The Zentralarchiv's mission is to handle these materials according to archive-specific principles, to ensure long-term preservation and to make them accessible. In response to increased demand for information and documentation about the history of the museums' collections, a location on Museum Island is open to the public, offering holdings of the archive for researchers as well as answering queries.

## History

A formal archive for collecting and managing the records of the Royal, later the National Museums in Berlin was established in 1960 at the Pergamon Museum, then located in East Berlin. In 1965 another archive was established at the Alte Nationalgalerie as a documentation facility in the field of art history. It collected information on 19th- and 20th-century art and even the so-called "degenerate art". In the mid-1980s, a Bauarchiv der Staatlichen Museen (Building Archive of the State Museums) was established, which collected the construction documents of each building. In 1987, these three archives were merged to become the Zentralarchiv. Following German reunification, the archives became part of the Staatliche Museen zu Berlin under the auspices of the Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation.

In spring 2004 the Werner Kittel Archive, one if the most comprehensive art history archives in Germany, was transferred to the Zentralarchiv. It holds archival material on over 450,000 artists.

## Collection

The archive is divided into the following sections:

* Transaction records of the Königliche Museen and Staatliche Museen in Berlin up to 1945
* Transaction records of the Staatliche Museen after 1945 and those of the Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation after 1948/1957
* Records of associations and commissions
* Personal papers of museum staff, including depositions
* Archived collections


title: 1983 FIG Rhythmic Gymnastics World Cup

abstract: The 1983 FIG Rhythmic Gymnastics World Cup was the first edition of the Rhythmic Gymnastics World Cup, held from April 15 to April 17 in Belgrade, Yugoslavia. The competition was officially organized by the International Gymnastics Federation and followed the steps of the Artistic Gymnastics World Cup, first held in 1975.

text:
# 1983 FIG Rhythmic Gymnastics World Cup

The **1983 FIG Rhythmic Gymnastics World Cup** was the first edition of the Rhythmic Gymnastics World Cup, held from April 15 to April 17 in Belgrade, Yugoslavia. The competition was officially organized by the International Gymnastics Federation and followed the steps of the Artistic Gymnastics World Cup, first held in 1975.

## Medalists

## Medal table

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Bulgaria (BUL) | 4 | 6 | 2 | 12 |
| 2 | Soviet Union (URS) | 2 | 1 | 2 | 5 |
| 3 | Japan (JPN) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (3 entries) | | 6 | 7 | 5 | 18 |