title: Lizze Broadway

abstract: Elizabeth Broadway is an American actress best known for her role as Emma Meyer in the Prime Video series Gen V. She has also had roles in The Rookie, Splitting Up Together, Here and Now, and American Pie Presents: Girls' Rules.

text:
# Lizze Broadway

**Elizabeth Broadway** (born February 16, 1998) is an American actress best known for her role as Emma Meyer in the Prime Video series *Gen V*. She has also had roles in *The Rookie*, *Splitting Up Together*, *Here and Now*, and *American Pie Presents: Girls' Rules*.

## Career

Broadway started her acting career in the crime drama series *Southland*, where she played the role of Brooks Ryerson in season two, episode 2: "Butch & Sundance". In 2011, she appeared in the comedy drama series *Shameless* as Daughter in episode 11 of the first season. The same year she played the role of Rose in the television film *Bad Mom*.

In 2013, Broadway appeared in the crime procedural comedy-drama series *Bones* as Kat Martin in season eight, episode 16 and also played Steph in the variety and late-night talk show *Conan*. In 2014, Broadway played the role of Maya in episode 20 of the first season of *Trophy Wife*.

In 2015, Broadway starred in the television film *16 and Missing* as Becca Koats. In 2017, Broadway played JoJo McKinnon in episode 20 of the fourth season of *Chicago P.D.*

In 2018, Broadway played the role of Mandy in the police procedural series *NCIS*, in season 15, episode 13: "Family Ties". She played the role of Becca Koats in the drama series *Here and Now* and also played the role of Heather Bogart in the comedy series *Henry Danger* in episode 10 of the fourth season. Broadway starred in the television film *Instakiller* as Harper with Kelly Sullivan.

Broadway appeared in the comedy series *Splitting Up Together* as Zoey. She also played the role of Aurora in the crime drama series *The Rookie*.

In 2020, Broadway starred in the comedy film *American Pie Presents: Girls' Rules* as Stephanie Stifler.

In 2021, she was cast as Emma Meyer in an Amazon Original spin-off of *The Boys* titled *Gen V*.

## Accolades

For her role in *Bones*, she was nominated for Best Performance in a TV Series - Guest Starring Young Actress 14–16 at *35th Young Artist Awards*.

## Filmography

### Television

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2010 | *Southland* | Brooks Ryerson | Episode: "Butch & Sundance" |
| 2011 | *Shameless* | Daughter | Episode: "Daddyz Girl" |
| | *Bad Mom* | Rose | Television film |
| 2013 | *Bones* | Kat Martin | Episode: "The Friend in Need" |
| | *Conan* | Steph | Episode: "Ted Nugent & Quentin Tarantino Present: Django Wango Tango" |
| 2014 | *Trophy Wife* | Maya | Episode: "There's No Guy in Team" |
| 2015 | *16 and Missing* | Becca Koats | Television film |
| 2017 | *Chicago P.D.* | JoJo McKinnon | Episode: "Grasping for Salvation" |
| 2018 | *NCIS* | Mandy | Episode: "Family Ties" |
| | *Here and Now* | Becca Koats | 5 episodes |
| | *Henry Danger* | Heather Bogart | Episode: "Diamonds Are for Heather" |
| | *Instakiller* | Harper | Television film |
| 2018–2019 | *Splitting Up Together* | Zoey | 2 episodes |
| 2019 | *Slay* | Ashley | TV miniseries |
| 2019–2021 | *The Rookie* | Aurora | 2 episodes |
| 2020 | *American Pie Presents: Girls' Rules* | Stephanie Stifler | Direct-to-DVD |
| | *The Lost Boys* | Willa "Billie" Frog | Television film |
| 2023 | *Based on a True Story* | Dahlia Stone | Episode: "The Survivor" |
| 2023–present | *Gen V* | Emma Meyer / Little Cricket | Main role |

### Film

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2016 | *A Killer Walks Amongst Us* |  |  |
| 2017 | *Perception* | Josi | Short film |
| 2022 | *The Inhabitant* | Suzy |  |
| 2023 | *Ghosted* | Mattie Turner |  |
| 2024 | *Kinda Pregnant* |  | Post-production |

## InfoBox

| Lizze Broadway | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Elizabeth Broadway
(1998-02-16) February 16, 1998
Toledo, Ohio, U.S. |
| Occupation | Actress |
| Years active | 2010–present |


title: Paul M. Lewis (car builder)

abstract: Paul M. Lewis was an American entrepreneur and car builder. He built the Airomobile (1937), Fascination (1962), three Renault powered models, and an Oldsmobile Toronado-sourced V6. Lewis moved to Denver from Idaho Springs, Colorado in 1933 to open a Vertical Take Off and Landing (VTOL) airplane company. He soon began constructing a mass market automobile with a three-wheeled layout. He partnered with former Franklin Motor Company engineers to design the engine. Production was sought with the Doman-Marks Engine Company, but in 1936 disputes with the Security and Exchange Commission (SEC) halted the project. The company went bankrupt in 1939. Lewis tried again with Fascination in 1962. It was built by his Lakewood, Colorado company Highway Aircraft Corporation. It was intended as a futuristic 130 mile-per-hour automobilewith 180-degree turning capability. To build the planned vehicles he partnered with tractor cab manufacturer Egging Manufacturing Company of Gurley, Nebraska. He touted development of a Nobel Gas Plasma Engine for the car, but it never came to pass.

text:
# Paul M. Lewis (car builder)

**Paul M. Lewis** (September 12, 1896 - November 27, 1990) was an American entrepreneur and car builder. He built the **Airomobile** (1937), **Fascination** (1962), three Renault powered models, and an Oldsmobile Toronado-sourced V6.

Lewis moved to Denver from Idaho Springs, Colorado in 1933 to open a Vertical Take Off and Landing (VTOL) airplane company. He soon began constructing a mass market automobile with a three-wheeled layout. He partnered with former Franklin Motor Company engineers to design the engine. Production was sought with the Doman-Marks Engine Company, but in 1936 disputes with the Security and Exchange Commission (SEC) halted the project. The company went bankrupt in 1939.

Lewis tried again with Fascination in 1962. It was built by his Lakewood, Colorado company **Highway Aircraft Corporation**. It was intended as a futuristic 130 mile-per-hour automobilewith 180-degree turning capability. To build the planned vehicles he partnered with tractor cab manufacturer Egging Manufacturing Company of Gurley, Nebraska. He touted development of a Nobel Gas Plasma Engine for the car, but it never came to pass.


title: List of 5α-reductase inhibitors

abstract: This is a list of 5α-reductase inhibitors (5α-RIs), drugs which inhibit one or more isoforms of the enzyme 5α-reductase. This enzyme is responsible for the conversion of the androgen hormone testosterone into the more potent dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and is essential for the production of neurosteroids like allopregnanolone, tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone (THDOC), and 3α-androstanediol from progesterone, deoxycorticosterone, and DHT, respectively. 5α-Reductase inhibitors have medical applications in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia, androgenic alopecia, and hirsutism.

text:
# List of 5α-reductase inhibitors

This is a list of 5α-reductase inhibitors (5α-RIs), drugs which inhibit one or more isoforms of the enzyme 5α-reductase. This enzyme is responsible for the conversion of the androgen hormone testosterone into the more potent dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and is essential for the production of neurosteroids like allopregnanolone, tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone (THDOC), and 3α-androstanediol from progesterone, deoxycorticosterone, and DHT, respectively. 5α-Reductase inhibitors have medical applications in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia, androgenic alopecia (pattern hair loss), and hirsutism (excessive hair growth).

## Pharmaceutical drugs

5α-RIs that are used in medicine include the following:

## Experimental drugs

5α-RIs that were under development for potential clinical use but were never marketed or are used in research include the following:

## Herbs and other inhibitors

Many plants, as well as their associated phytochemical constituents, have inhibitory effects on 5α-reductase. In addition, many of these compounds are also phytoestrogens. Examples include the following:

These supplements have limited testing in human clinical trials, and their potential for the treatment of BPH, androgenic alopecia, and related conditions is unknown.


title: Marshall D. Miller Boathouse

abstract: The Marshall D. Miller Boathouse is located in Three Lakes, Wisconsin, United States. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.

text:
# Marshall D. Miller Boathouse

The **Marshall D. Miller Boathouse** is located in Three Lakes, Wisconsin, United States. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.

## History

The house was constructed by Marshall D. Miller on the north shore of Laurel Lake. In 1949, it was moved to the northern side of the lake.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Marshall D. Miller Boathouse | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| Location | 7304 Campground Rd.<br>Three Lakes, Wisconsin |
| Built | 1920 |
| NRHP reference No. | 08000747 |
| Added to NRHP | August 1, 2008 |


title: Painblanc

abstract: Painblanc is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

text:
# Painblanc

**Painblanc** (French pronunciation: \[pɛ̃blɑ̃\]) is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1962 | 190 |  |
| 1968 | 211 | +11.1% |
| 1975 | 189 | −10.4% |
| 1982 | 197 | +4.2% |
| 1990 | 169 | −14.2% |
| 1999 | 142 | −16.0% |
| 2008 | 163 | +14.8% |

## InfoBox

| Painblanc | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| The road into Painblanc | |
| Location of Painblanc | |
| PainblancPainblanc | |
| Coordinates: 47°08′52″N 4°37′41″E / 47.1478°N 4.6281°E / 47.1478; 4.6281 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Bourgogne-Franche-Comté |
| Department | Côte-d'Or |
| Arrondissement | Beaune |
| Canton | Arnay-le-Duc |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Jean Luc Barbier |
| Area**1** | 9.15 km2 (3.53 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 166 |
| Density | 18/km2 (47/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 21476 /21360 |
| Elevation | 384–557 m (1,260–1,827 ft)
(avg. 410 m or 1,350 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: One in Four

abstract: One in Four is a compilation album released by the mental health charity The Scottish Association for Mental Health in 2004. It compiles 14 exclusive and previously unheard tracks recorded by artists who had previously been involved in events run by the charity. More than 250,000 copies of the album were distributed to people in Scotland to raise awareness of mental health issues. It takes its name from the statistic that one in four people in Scotland will experience mental health problems at some point in their lives.

text:
# One in Four

***One in Four*** is a compilation album released by the mental health charity The Scottish Association for Mental Health in 2004. It compiles 14 exclusive and previously unheard tracks recorded by artists who had previously been involved in events run by the charity.

More than 250,000 copies of the album were distributed to people in Scotland to raise awareness of mental health issues. It takes its name from the statistic that one in four people in Scotland will experience mental health problems at some point in their lives.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Eyes Wide Open" (Teenage Fanclub) | 3:51 |
| 2. | "Everything is Everyone's Fault" (Multiplies) | 2:45 |
| 3. | "How to be Dead" (Snow Patrol) | 2:54 |
| 4. | "Aye Today" (The Delgados) | 3:34 |
| 5. | "Salute the Divine Within You" (Future Pilot A.K.A) | 4:25 |
| 6. | "Helicon 2" (Mogwai) | 2:45 |
| 7. | "Mustard" (Arab Strap) | 2:46 |
| 8. | "Fade Grey to Fade Blue" (James Orr Complex) | 2:37 |
| 9. | "The Model" (Belle & Sebastian) | 3:40 |
| 10. | "Long Time Walking" (Eugene Kelly) | 2:20 |
| 11. | "The Train" (Uncle John & Whitelock) | 3:28 |
| 12. | "This is a Fuse" (Vera Cruise) | 4:54 |
| 13. | "Boo Hoo!" (Park Attack) | 2:24 |
| 14. | "Torch Number One" (Macrocosmica) | 1:56 |

## InfoBox

| One in Four | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Compilation album by Various Artists | |
| Released | 2004 |
| Genre | Various |
| Length | 61:59 |
| Label | SAMH |


title: Leymus chinensis

abstract: Leymus chinensis, commonly known as false wheatgrass or Chinese rye grass, is a species of wild rye native to China, Korea, Mongolia and Russia.

text:
# Leymus chinensis

***Leymus chinensis***, commonly known as **false wheatgrass** or **Chinese rye grass**, is a species of wild rye native to China, Korea, Mongolia and Russia.

## Description

*Leymus chinensis* is a perennial plant that is normally 40–90 cm tall and is native to northern China. It is a plant that can potentially be used as a food source in future generations. Scientists have tested the effects of various stimuli on *Leymus chinensis*. If optimum conditions for the growth of this plant are discovered, then this plant has the capability to eventually become a potential food source for humanity.

## Temperature and light effects on germination

Temperature and light greatly affect the germination of several species of grasses. *Leymus chinensis* shows 47% germination under variable temperatures ranging from 10 to 30 °C. De-husking (removing outer-covering of seeds) at constant temperature was shown to also improve germination. The effects of light have had an interesting effect on the germination of *Leymus chinensis*. The plants were assessed according to three independent variables: effect of light or dark conditions under which germination occurred, the temperature under which the germination had occurred, and lastly, if the temperature had fluctuated with another temperature by about 10 °C. The effects were shown to have statistical significance but leave doors open as to why this trend had occurred. Under the conditions of light, only 7% of the *Leymus chinensis* seedlings had germinated at 20 °C. Under the dark conditions, almost triple the amount of seedlings germinated at 25% at 20 °C. The results were significantly lower for both the dark and light populations at the fluctuating temperatures. At 15 to 25 °C, only 15% germinated in dark and 3% germinated in light. The trend continued at 20 to 30 °C, as only about 7% germinated in dark and 1-2% germinated in light conditions.

## pH and salt effects on germination

The effects of salt and pH were studied on germination as well with different findings. Increasing salt and pH decreases the rate of germination in *Leymus chinensis*. However, after treatments, seeds that were transferred to DI water germinated normally. A pH of 8.05 showed a remarkable decrease in growth. Water-buffered pH did not affect germination of *Leymus chinensis*; however, at 50 and 100mM of tris, germination severely decreased. Germination increased in basic environments. Different salt concentrations negatively affected germination: Na2CO3 \> NaHCO3 \> NaCl \> Na2SO4, with Na2CO3 having the most detrimental effect on seed germination and Na2SO4 having the least effect.

## Chemical effects on germination

Other effects such as those of fluridone, GA3, and KNO3 were also tested on germination. A control was set as a basis of comparison to the three added chemicals. The control had a 25% germination rate, and all the seeds were performed under a standard 20 °C temperature. Fluridone did not significantly affect germination as compared to the control, as the percentage of fluridone plus the seedlings was also about 25%. However, GA3 and KNO3 both exhibited a significant difference when added to the seedlings. The GA3 increased the percent germinated to 36%, and KNO3 increased germination to an even higher 44%. Both of these turned to be strikingly different from the control which had only 25% of its seeds germinate.

When nitrogen was added at the early-vegetative stage of *Leymus chinensis,* it increased the inflorescence number. Adding nitrogen during the beginning of autumn and watering the plants during the final moments of the growing season may improve yield for this plant. There is a strong correlation between increased inflorescence number and fall tillers.

## Dry storage effects on germination

The effect of dry storage was also tested on the effects of germination. The variables tested here are storage at 5 and 20 °C with a control at 0 °C, along with if the seeds were in light or dark conditions at each temperature. Another variable was that at each temperature and light condition, there was a duration of dry storage for the seeds. The seeds could have been stored at either 1, 3, or 6 months before measuring percentage of germination. At both temperatures of 5 and 20 °C and for only 3 and 6 months of storage for light conditions and at 1, 3, and 6 months of storage for dark conditions, there was a significant increase in the percentage of germination. The seeds did not differentiate much when it came to after-ripening, which indicates the germination potential of a seed at specific conditions. However, at 3 months of dry storage at 20 °C under light and dark conditions, there was an apparent significant increase in the percentage of germination in the seeds as compared to the 5 °C conditions. In addition, at 6 months of dry storage at 20 °C for just light conditions, there was a higher percentage of germinated seeds, as compared to the conditions at 5 °C.

## InfoBox

| *Leymus chinensis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| *Clade*: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Poaceae |
| Subfamily: | Pooideae |
| Genus: | *Leymus* |
| Species: | ***L. chinensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Leymus chinensis***
(Trin.) Tzvelev | |
|


title: Tryptophan 2-monooxygenase

abstract:
In enzymology, a tryptophan 2-monooxygenase (EC 1.13.12.3) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
  - L-tryptophan + O2 ⇌ (indol-3-yl)acetamide + CO2 + H2O Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are L-tryptophan and O2, and its 3 products are (indol-3-yl)acetamide, CO2, and H2O. This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on single donors with O2 as oxidant and incorporation of two atoms of oxygen into the substrate (oxygenases). The oxygen incorporated need not be derived from O with incorporation of one atom of oxygen (internal monooxygenases o internal mixed-function oxidases). The systematic name of this enzyme class is L-tryptophan:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating). This enzyme participates in tryptophan metabolism.

text:
# Tryptophan 2-monooxygenase

In enzymology, a **tryptophan 2-monooxygenase** (EC 1.13.12.3) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

L-tryptophan + O2 $\rightleftharpoons $ (indol-3-yl)acetamide + CO2 \+ H2O

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are L-tryptophan and O2, and its 3 products are (indol-3-yl)acetamide, CO2, and H2O.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on single donors with O2 as oxidant and incorporation of two atoms of oxygen into the substrate (oxygenases). The oxygen incorporated need not be derived from O with incorporation of one atom of oxygen (internal monooxygenases o internal mixed-function oxidases). The systematic name of this enzyme class is **L-tryptophan:oxygen 2-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)**. This enzyme participates in tryptophan metabolism.

* Kosuge T, Heskett MG, Wilson EE (1966). "Microbial synthesis and degradation of indole-3-acetic acid. I. The conversion of L-tryptophan to indole-3-acetamide by an enzyme system from Pseudomonas savastanoi". *J. Biol. Chem*. **241** (16): 3738–44. PMID 5916389.
* Kuo, TT; Kosuge T (1969). "Factors influencing the production and further metabolism of indole-3-acetic acid by *Pseudomonas savastanoi*". *J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol*. **15**: 51–63. doi:10.2323/jgam.15.51.

## InfoBox

| tryptophan 2-monooxygenase | |
| --- | --- |
| Identifiers | |
| EC no. | 1.13.12.3 |
| CAS no. | 37256-65-8 |
| Databases | |
| IntEnz | IntEnz view |
| BRENDA | BRENDA entry |
| ExPASy | NiceZyme view |
| KEGG | KEGG entry |
| MetaCyc | metabolic pathway |
| PRIAM | profile |
| PDB structures | RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum |
| Gene Ontology | AmiGO / QuickGO |
| Search  PMC articles  PubMed articles  NCBI proteins | |


title: Llanfawr Quarries

abstract: There are four Llanfawr Quarries dolerite quarries near Llandrindod Wells, Wales they were excavated for building stone in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Three of these quarries constitute a Site of Special Scientific Interest and permission to collect must be sought from the Countryside Council for Wales.

text:
# Llanfawr Quarries

There are four **Llanfawr Quarries** dolerite quarries near Llandrindod Wells, Wales they were excavated for building stone in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Three of these quarries constitute a Site of Special Scientific Interest and permission to collect must be sought from the Countryside Council for Wales.

## Igneous features

The dolerite lopoliths and laccoliths intrude through finely grained highly fossiliferous mudstones which underwent some contact metamorphism but stratigraphic units can still be distinguished.

## The Lower Llanfawr Quarry

This quarry contains remnant outcrops of highly trilobitic blue mudstones.

## The Upper Llanfawr Quarry

SO065617 This site preserves fossil fauna of great international importance within the basal Caradoc mudstones, and is one of four significant localities for soft-bodied faunas in the Ordovician worldwide. Iron pyrite fossil graptolites are visible at the outcrop, and less evident iron pyrite sponges, hydrozoans, echinoderms, nautiloids (with encrusting organisms), rare arthropods and worms are also present.

## The Main Llanfawr Quarry

The outcrops in the main quarry contain the most diverse fine‐sediment sponge fauna recorded from the British Palaeozoic. The sponges are primarily reticulosans, but includes some lyssakids and demosponges. The outcrops also contain trilobites, graptolites, chitinozoans, brachiopods, rare orthoconic nautiloids, gastropods, bivalves, dendroid graptolites and conulariids while fossils of rare soft-bodied organisms have also been recovered.


title: Patricia Ratto

abstract: Patricia Ratto is an Argentine teacher and writer who lives and works in Tandil, a town in southern Buenos Aires Province. She has written and published the following novels: Pequeños hombres blancos, Nudos, and Trasfondo.

text:
# Patricia Ratto

**Patricia Ratto** (born 1962) is an Argentine teacher and writer who lives and works in Tandil, a town in southern Buenos Aires Province. She has written and published the following novels: *Pequeños hombres blancos* (Adriana Hidalgo, 2006), *Nudos* (Adriana Hidalgo, 2008), and *Trasfondo* (Adriana Hidalgo, 2012).

## Writing

*Pequeños hombres blancos* is the tale of a provincial teacher, set during the Argentine dictatorship of the 1970s. The heroine of *Nudos* is a social worker whose job opens onto a whole set of stories from figures on the margins of Argentine society. Tandil's *El Eco* described it as "exceed\[ing\] all expectations."

But Ratto is probably best known for *Trasfondo*, a fictional reconstruction of the submarine the ARA *San Luis*'s contribution to the Falklands War. For many weeks, after the sinking of the *General Belgrano* and the subsequent return of the Argentine fleet to port, the *San Luis* was the only Argentine ship at sea in the war zone. Ratto portrays the isolation of the submarine and its crew, who are almost perpetually submerged and see little more than fog on the few occasions they surface. Ultimately it is revealed that the novel's narrator, a sailor who seems to interact little with his crewmates, has died before the submarine even sets sail. As he ponders as one point in the narrative: "Can one really die and not know it?"

Writing in *La Nación*, Osvaldo Quiroga commends Ratto's prose style for its "rare beauty and admirable precision." The critic Martín Kohan, meanwhile, compares *Trasfondo* to Fogwill's celebrated *Malvinas Requiem* (*Los pichiciegos*), observing that while "Fogwill's pichiciegos \[. . .\] see ghosts briefly, Ratto's sailors, in their submarine war, *are* ghosts throughout."

## List of works

* Ratto, Patricia (2006), *Pequeños hombres blancos*, Buenos Aires: Adriana Hidalgo, ISBN 9789871156481.
* Ratto, Patricia (2008), *Nudos*, Buenos Aires: Adriana Hidalgo, ISBN 9789871156917.
* Ratto, Patricia (2012), *Trasfondo*, Buenos Aires: Adriana Hidalgo, ISBN 9788492857661.

## Sources

* Kohan, Martín (2014), *El país de la guerra*, Buenos Aires: Eterna Cadencia, ISBN 9789877120547.
* Ratto, Patricia (2012), *Trasfondo*, Buenos Aires: Adriana Hidalgo, ISBN 9788492857661.


abstract: The following is a list of radio stations in the United States that are authorized to run 50 kW of power. This is the highest power authorized to any AM station in the United States.

text:
# List of 50 kW AM radio stations in the United States

The following is a list of radio stations in the United States that are authorized to run 50 kW (50,000 watts) of power. This is the highest power authorized to any AM station in the United States.

Power Legend: U=unlimited time, D=daytime power, N=nighttime power, CH=critical hours power. Class A unless otherwise specified. Omnidirectional antenna unless otherwise specified. A comma after the power indicates sunset. Whatever is after the comma is the night-time authorization, to avoid interfering with other, higher priority stations. Another comma indicates if it's a directional antenna system. DA means the station uses a directional antenna system. DA1 means the pattern is always directional, with the same pattern, day and night. DA2 means the station has two different patterns (protecting different stations), one for Day, and one for Night. DAN means the station broadcasts omnidirectionally (equal in all directions) Day, and directionally at Night.
| Call sign | Frequency | Community of License | Power |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| KAAY | 1090 kHz | Little Rock, Arkansas | 50 kW U, DAN |
| KALL | 700 kHz | North Salt Lake City, Utah | 50 kW-D, 10 kW-N, DA2 (Class B) |
| KBLA | 1580 kHz | Santa Monica, California | 50 kW U, DA2 (Class B) |
| KBOI | 670 kHz | Boise, Idaho | 50 kW U, DAN (Class B) |
| KBRT | 740 kHz | Costa Mesa, California | 50 kW-D, 0.19 kW (190 watts)-N, DA2 (Class D) |
| KCBC | 770 kHz | Manteca, California | 50 kW-D, 4.1 kW-N, DA2 (Class B) |
| KCBQ | 1170 kHz | San Diego, California | 50 kW-D, 2.9 kW-N, DA2 (Class B) |
| KCBS | 740 kHz | San Francisco, California | 50 kW U, DA2 (Class B) |
| KCKN | 1020 kHz | Roswell, New Mexico | 50 kW U, DA2 (Class B) |
| KCRN | 1120 kHz | Limon, Colorado | 50 kW-D, Daytime only, DA (Class D) |
| KCTA | 1030 kHz | Corpus Christi, Texas | 50 kW-D, Daytime only (Class D) |
| KDKA | 1020 kHz | Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania | 50 kW U |
| KDFD | 760 kHz | Thornton, Colorado | 50 kW-D, 1 kW-N, DA2 (Class B) |
| KDRI | 830 kHz | Tucson, Arizona | 50 kW-D, 1 kW-N, DA2 (Class B) |
| KDUN | 1030 kHz | Reedsport, Oregon | 50 kW-D, 0.63 kW (630 watts)-N (Class B) |
| KEEL | 710 kHz | Shreveport, Louisiana | 50 kW-D, 5 kW-N, DA2 (Class B) |
| KEIB | 1150 kHz | Los Angeles, California | 50 kW-D, 44 kW-N, DA2 (Class B) |
| KENI | 650 kHz | Anchorage, Alaska | 50 kW U (Class N) |
| KERR | 750 kHz | Polson, Montana | 50 kW-D, 1 kW-N, DAN (Class B) |
| KEX | 1190 kHz | Portland, Oregon | 50 kW U, DAN |
| KEXB | 1440 kHz | University Park, Texas | 50 kW-D, 0.35 kW (350 watts)-N, DA2 (Class B) |
| KFAB | 1110 kHz | Omaha, Nebraska | 50 kW U, DAN |
| KFAX | 1100 kHz | San Francisco, California | 50 kW U, DA1 (Class B) |
| KFBK | 1530 kHz | Sacramento, California | 50 kW U, DA2 |
| KFI | 640 kHz | Los Angeles, California | 50 kW U |
| KFLC | 1270 kHz | Fort Worth, Texas | 50 kW-D, 5 kW-N, DA2 (Class B) |
| KFNW | 1200 kHz | West Fargo, North Dakota | 50 kW-D, 13 kW-N DA-2 (Class B) |
| KFNX | 1100 kHz | Phoenix, Arizona | 50 kW-D, 1 kW-N, DA2 (Class B) |
| KFQD | 750 kHz | Anchorage, Alaska | 50 kW U (former Class N) |
| KFXR | 1190 kHz | Dallas, Texas | 50 kW-D, 5 kW-N, DA2 (Class B) |
| KFXX | 1080 kHz | Portland, Oregon | 50 kW-D, 9 kW-N, DA2 (Class B) |
| KGA | 1510 kHz | Spokane, Washington | 50 kW-D, 0.54 kW-N, DA2 (Class B) |
| KGB | 760 kHz | San Diego, California | 5 kW-D, 50 kW-N, DAN (Class B) |
| KGBT | 1530 kHz | Harlingen, Texas | 50 kW-D and CH, 10 kW-N, DA2 (Class B) |
| KGDD | 1520 kHz | Oregon City, Oregon | 50 kW-D, 15 kW-N, DA2 (Class B) |
| KGNW | 820 kHz | Burien, Washington | 50 kW-D, 5 kW-N, DA2 (Class B) |
| KGO | 810 kHz | San Francisco, California | 50 kW U, DA1 |
| KGOL | 1180 kHz | Humble, Texas | 50 kW-D, 3 kW-N DA2 (Class B) |
| KHTK | 1140 kHz | Sacramento, California | 50 kW U, DA2 (Class B) |
| KICY | 850 kHz | Nome, Alaska | 50 kW U, DACH |
| KIHU | 1010 kHz | Tooele, Utah | 50 kW-D, .194 kW (194 watts)-N, 42 kW-CH, DA2 (Class D) |
| KIRO | 710 kHz | Seattle, Washington | 50 kW U, DAN |
| KIXI | 880 kHz | Mercer Island/Seattle, Washington | 50 kW-D, 10 kW-N, DA2 (Class B) |
| KJNP | 1170 kHz | North Pole, Alaska | 50 kW-D, 21 kW-N |
| KJR | 950 kHz | Seattle, Washington | 50 kW U, DA2 (Class B) |
| KKOB | 770 kHz | Albuquerque, New Mexico | 50 kW U DAN (Class B) |
| KKOH | 780 kHz | Reno, Nevada | 50 kW U, DAN (Class B) |
| KKOV | 1550 kHz | Vancouver, Washington | 50 kW-D, 12 kW-N, DAN (Class B) |
| KKXA | 1520 kHz | Snohomish, Washington | 50 kW U, DAN (Class B) |
| KKYX | 680 kHz | San Antonio, Texas | 50 kW-D, 10 kW-N, DAN (Class B) |
| KLAA | 830 kHz | Orange, California | 50 kW-D, 20 kW-N, DAN (Class B) |
| KLOK | 1170 kHz | San Jose, California | 50 kW-D, 9 kW-N, DA2 (Class B) |
| KLRG | 880 kHz | Sheridan, Arkansas | 50 kW-D, 31 kW-CH, 0.22 kW-N, DAN (Class D) |
| KLTT | 670 kHz | Commerce City, Colorado | 50 kW-D, 1.4 kW-N, DA2 (Class B) |
| KMJ | 580 kHz | Fresno, California | 50 kW U, DA1 (Class B) |
| KMMQ | 1020 kHz | Plattsmouth, Nebraska | 50 kW-D, 1.4 kW-N, DA2 (Class B) |
| KMNY | 1360 kHz | Hurst, Texas | 50 kW-D, 0.89 kW-N, DA2 (Class B) |
| KMOX | 1120 kHz | Saint Louis, Missouri | 50 kW U |
| KMPC | 1540 kHz | Los Angeles, California | 50 kW-D, 37 kW-N, DA2 (Class B) |
| KMXA | 1090 kHz | Aurora, Colorado | 50 kW-D, 0.5 kW (500 watts)-N, DA2 (Class B) |
| KNBR | 680 kHz | San Francisco, California | 50 kW U |
| KNFL | 740 kHz | Fargo, North Dakota | 50 kW-D, 7.5 kW-CH, 0.94 kW-N, DA3 (Class B) |
| KNX | 1070 kHz | Los Angeles, California | 50 kW U |
| KNZZ | 1100 kHz | Grand Junction, Colorado | 50 kW-D, 36 kW-CH, 10 kW-N, DAN (Class B) |
| KOA | 850 kHz | Denver, Colorado | 50 kW U |
| KOFI | 1180 kHz | Kalispell, Montana | 50 kW-D, 10 kW-N, DAN (Class B) |
| KOKC | 1520 kHz | Oklahoma City, Oklahoma | 50 kW U, DAN |
| KOTV | 1170 kHz | Tulsa, Oklahoma | 50 kW U, DAN |
| KNWN | 1000 kHz | Seattle, Washington | 50 kW U, DAN |
| KPAM | 860 kHz | Troutdale, Oregon | 50 kW-D, 15 kW-N, DAN (Class B) |
| KPNW | 1120 kHz | Eugene, Oregon | 50 kW U, DA1 (Class B) |
| KPTR | 1090 kHz | Seattle, Washington | 50 kW U, DA2 (Class B) |
| KPXQ | 1360 kHz | Glendale, Arizona | 50 kW-D, 1 kW-N, DAN (Class B) |
| KRCN | 1060 kHz | Longmont, Colorado | 50 kW-D, 0.111 kW-N, ND2 (Class D) |
| KRKO | 1380 kHz | Everett, Washington | 50 kW U, DAN (Class B) |
| KRLA | 870 kHz | Glendale, California | 50 kW-D, 3 kW-N, DA2 (Class B) |
| KRLD | 1080 kHz | Dallas, Texas | 50 kW U, DAN |
| KRMG | 740 kHz | Tulsa, Oklahoma | 50 kW-D, 25 kW-N, DA2 (Class B) |
| KRPI | 1550 kHz | Ferndale, Washington | 50 kW-D, 10 kW-N, DA2 (Class B) |
| KRVN | 880 kHz | Lexington, Nebraska | 50 kW U, DAN (Class B) |
| KSL | 1160 kHz | Salt Lake City, Utah | 50 kW U |
| KSTP | 1500 kHz | Saint Paul, Minnesota | 50 kW U, DAN |
| KTCT | 1050 kHz | San Mateo, California | 50 kW-D, 10 kW-N, DA2 (Class B) |
| KTIS | 900 kHz | Minneapolis, Minnesota | 50 kW-D, 0.5 kW (500 watts)-N, DA2 (Class B) |
| KTKR | 760 kHz | San Antonio, Texas | 50 kW-D, 1 kW-N, DA2 (Class B) |
| KTLK | 1130 kHz | Minneapolis, Minnesota | 50 kW-D, 25 kW-N, DA2 (Class B) |
| KTNN | 660 kHz | Window Rock, Arizona, Navajo Nation | 50 kW U, DAN (Class B) |
| KTNQ | 1020 kHz | Los Angeles, California | 50 kW U, DA2 (Class B) |
| KTRB | 860 kHz | San Francisco, California | 50 kW U, DAN (Class B) |
| KTRH | 740 kHz | Houston, Texas | 50 kW U, DA2 (Class B) |
| KTTH | 770 kHz | Seattle, Washington | 50 kW-D, 5 kW-N, DA2 (Class B) |
| KTWO | 1030 kHz | Casper, Wyoming | 50 kW U, DAN (Class B) |
| KUAZ | 1550 kHz | Tucson, Arizona | 50 kW-D (daytime only), ND (Class D) |
| KUTR | 820 kHz | Taylorsville, Utah | 50 kW-D and CH, 2.5 kW-N, DA2 (Class B) |
| KVTT | 1110 kHz | Mineral Wells, Texas | 50 kW-D, 39 kW-CH (Class D) |
| KWKH | 1130 kHz | Shreveport, Louisiana | 50 kW U, DAN |
| KWVE | 1110 kHz | Pasadena, California | 50 kW-D, 20 kW-N, DA2 (Class B) |
| KXEL | 1540 kHz | Waterloo, Iowa | 50 kW U, DAN |
| KXNT | 840 kHz | North Las Vegas, Nevada | 50 kW-D, 25 kW-N, DA2 (Class B) |
| KXTG | 750 kHz | Portland, Oregon | 50 kW-D, 20 kW-N, DA2 (Class B) |
| KYES | 1180 kHz | Rockville, Minnesota | 50 kW-D, 8 kW-CH, 5 kW-N, DA3 (Class B) |
| KYNO | 940 kHz | Fresno, California | 50 kW U, DA2 (Class B) |
| KYW | 1060 kHz | Philadelphia, Pennsylvania | 50 kW U, DA1 |
| WABC | 770 kHz | New York | 50 kW U |
| WADO | 1280 kHz | New York, New York | 50 kW-D, 7.2 kW-N, DA2 (Class B) |
| WAPI | 1070 kHz | Birmingham, Alabama | 50 kW-D, 5 kW-N, DAN (Class B) |
| WAQI | 710 kHz | Miami, Florida | 50 kW U, DA2 (Class B) |
| WAZX | 1550 kHz | Smyrna, Georgia | 50 kW-D, 0.016 kW (16 watts)-N, DA2 (Class D) |
| WBAJ | 890 kHz | Blythewood, South Carolina | 50 kW-D, 8.5 kW-CH (Class D) |
| WBAL | 1090 kHz | Baltimore, Maryland | 50 kW U, DAN |
| WBAP | 820 kHz | Ft Worth, Texas | 50 kW U |
| WBBR | 1130 kHz | New York | 50 kW U, DAN |
| WBIN | 640 kHz | Atlanta, Georgia | 50 kW-D, 1 kW-N, DA2 (Class B) |
| WBOB | 600 kHz | Jacksonville, Florida | 50 kW-D, 9.7 kW-N, DA-2 (Class B) |
| WBT | 1110 kHz | Charlotte, North Carolina | 50 kW U, DAN |
| WBZ | 1030 kHz | Boston, Massachusetts | 50 kW U, DA1 |
| WCBM | 680 kHz | Baltimore, Maryland | 50 kW-D, 20 kW-N, DA2 (Class B) |
| WCCO | 830 kHz | Minneapolis, Minnesota | 50 kW U |
| WCEO | 840 kHz | Columbia, South Carolina | 50 kW-D, DA (daytime only) (Class D) |
| WCKY | 1530 kHz | Cincinnati, Ohio | 50 kW U, DAN |
| WCNN | 680 kHz | North Atlanta, Georgia | 50 kW-D, 10 kW-N, DA2 (Class B) |
| WCRN | 830 kHz | Worcester, Massachusetts | 50 kW, DA2 (Class B) |
| WCRT | 1160 kHz | Donelson, Tennessee | 50 kW-D, 1 kW-N, DAN (Class B) |
| WCSZ | 1070 kHz | Sans Souci, South Carolina | 50 kW-D, 1.5 kW-N, DAN (Class B) |
| WCTS | 1030 kHz | Maplewood, Minnesota | 50 kW-D, 1 kW-N, DA2 (Class B) |
| WDFN | 1130 kHz | Detroit, Michigan | 50 kW-D, 10 kW-N, DA2 (Class B) |
| WDIA | 1070 kHz | Memphis, Tennessee | 50 kW-D, 5 kW-N, DA2 (Class B) |
| WDRU | 1030 kHz | Wake Forest, North Carolina | 50 kW-D, DA (daytime only) (Class D) |
| WEEI | 850 kHz | Boston, Massachusetts | 50 kW U, DA2 (Class B) |
| WEPN | 1050 kHz | New York | 50 kW U, DA1 (Class B) |
| WFAN | 660 kHz | New York | 50 kW U |
| WFDF | 910 kHz | Farmington Hills, Michigan | 50 kW-D, 25 kW-N, DA2 (Class B) |
| WFED | 1500 kHz | Washington, D.C. | 50 kW U, DA2 |
| WFLF | 540 kHz | Orlando, Florida | 50 kW D, 46 kW-N DA2 (Class B) |
| WFLI | 1070 kHz | Lookout Mountain, Tennessee | 50 kW-D, 2.5 kW-N, DA2 (Class B) |
| WFME | 1560 kHz | New York | 50 kW U, DA2 |
| WGCR | 720 kHz | Pisgah Forest, North Carolina | 50 kW-D, 15 kW-CH, ND2 (Class D) |
| WGN | 720 kHz | Chicago, Illinois | 50 kW U |
| WGSF | 1030 kHz | Memphis, Tennessee | 50 kW-D, 1 kW-N, 10 kW-CH, DAN (Class B) |
| WGY | 810 kHz | Schenectady, New York | 50 kW U |
| WHAM | 1180 kHz | Rochester, New York | 50 kW U |
| WHAS | 840 kHz | Louisville, Kentucky | 50 kW U |
| WHB | 810 kHz | Kansas City, Missouri | 50 kW-D, 5 kW-N, DAN (Class B) |
| WHKW | 1220 kHz | Cleveland, Ohio | 50 kW U, DA1 (Class B) |
| WHO | 1040 kHz | Des Moines, Iowa | 50 kW U |
| WHSQ | 880 kHz | New York | 50 kW U |
| WINS | 1010 kHz | New York | 50 kW U, DA2 (Class B) |
| WINZ | 940 kHz | Miami, Florida | 50 kW-D, 10 kW-N, DAN (Class B) |
| WISN | 1130 kHz | Milwaukee, Wisconsin | 50 kW-D, 10 kW-N, DA2 (Class B) |
| WIXC | 1060 kHz | Titusville, Florida | 50 kW-D, 17 kW-CH, 5 kW-N, DA3 (Class B) |
| WJBR | 1010 kHz | Seffner, Florida | 50 kW-D, 5 kW-N, DA2 (Class B) |
| WJFK | 1580 kHz | Morningside, Maryland | 50 kW-D, .27 kW-N (270 watts), DA2 (Class B) |
| WJNL | 1210 kHz | Kingsley, Michigan | 50 kW-D, 2.5 kW-CH, (Daytime Only) (Class D) |
| WJNT | 1180 kHz | Pearl, Mississippi | 50 kW-D, 10 kW-CH, .5 kW-N (500 watts) DA2 (Class B) |
| WJOX | 690 kHz | Birmingham, Alabama | 50 kW-D, .5 kW (500 watts)-N, DAN (Class B) |
| WJR | 760 kHz | Detroit, Michigan | 50 kW U |
| WJXL | 1010 kHz | Jacksonville Beach, Florida | 50 kW-D, 30 kW-N, DA2 (Class B) |
| WKNG | 1060 kHz | Talapoosa, Georgia | 50 kW-D, 5 kW-CH, ND2 (Class D) |
| WKNR | 850 kHz | Cleveland, Ohio | 50 kW-D, 4.7 kW-N, DA2 (Class B) |
| WKVM | 810 kHz | San Juan, Puerto Rico | 50 kW U, DA-N (Class B) |
| WLAC | 1510 kHz | Nashville, Tennessee | 50 kW U, DAN |
| WLNO | 1060 kHz | New Orleans, Louisiana | 50 kW-D, 5 kW-N, DA2 (Class B) |
| WLOR | 1550 kHz | Huntsville, Alabama | 50 kW-D, 0.044 kW (44 watts)-N, DA2 (Class D) |
| WLQV | 1500 kHz | Detroit, Michigan | 50 kW-D, 10 kW-N, DA2 (Class B) |
| WLS | 890 kHz | Chicago, Illinois | 50 kW U |
| WLW | 700 kHz | Cincinnati, Ohio | 50 kW U |
| WMAC | 940 kHz | Macon, Georgia | 50 kW-D, 10 kW-N, DAN (Class B) |
| WMQM | 1600 kHz | Lakeland, Tennessee | 50 kW-D, .035 kW-N (35 watts), ND2 (Class D) |
| WMUZ | 1200 kHz | Taylor, Michigan | 50 kW-D, 15 kW-N, DA2 (Class B) |
| WMVP | 1000 kHz | Chicago, Illinois | 50 kW U, DA2 |
| WNCT | 1070 kHz | Greenville, North Carolina | 50 kW-D, 10 kW-N, DA2 (Class B) |
| WNNZ | 640 kHz | Westfield, Massachusetts | 50 kW-D, 1 kW-N DA-2 (Class B) |
| WNQM | 1300 kHz | Nashville, Tennessee | 50 kW-D, 5 kW-N, DAN (Class B) |
| WNTP | 990 kHz | Philadelphia, Pennsylvania | 50 kW-D, 10 kW-N, DA2 (Class B) |
| WNWR | 1540 kHz | Philadelphia, Pennsylvania | 50 kW D, DAD (Class D) |
| WOAI | 1200 kHz | San Antonio, Texas | 50 kW U |
| WOKV | 690 kHz | Jacksonville, Florida | 50 kW-D, 25 kW-N, DAN (Class B) |
| WOR | 710 kHz | New York | 50 kW U, DA1 |
| WOWO | 1190 kHz | Fort Wayne, Indiana | 50 kW-D, 9.8 kW-N, DAN (Class B) |
| WPBS | 1040 kHz | Atlanta, Georgia | 50 kW-D, 5.5 kW-CH (Class D) |
| WPHT | 1210 kHz | Philadelphia, Pennsylvania | 50 kW U |
| WPTF | 680 kHz | Raleigh, North Carolina | 50 kW U, DAN (Class B) |
| WQBA | 1140 kHz | Miami, Florida | 50 kW-D 10 kW-N, DA2 (Class B) |
| WQLL | 1370 kHz | Pikesville, Maryland | 50 kW-D, 24 kW-N, DA2 (Class B) |
| WQOM | 1060 kHz | Natick, Massachusetts | 50 kW-D, 2.5 kW-N, DA2 (Class B) |
| WQOS | 1080 kHz | Coral Gables, Florida | 50 kW-D, 10 kW-N, DA2 (Class B) |
| WRKO | 680 kHz | Boston, Massachusetts | 50 kW U, DA2 (Class B) |
| WRVA | 1140 kHz | Richmond, Virginia | 50 kW U, DA1 |
| WSB | 750 kHz | Atlanta, Georgia | 50 kW U |
| WSCR | 670 kHz | Chicago, Illinois | 50 kW U |
| WSJC | 810 kHz | Magee, Mississippi | 50 kW-D, 500 W-N, DAN (Class B) |
| WSM | 650 kHz | Nashville, Tennessee | 50 kW U |
| WTAM | 1100 kHz | Cleveland, Ohio | 50 kW U |
| WTAR | 850 kHz | Norfolk, Virginia | 50 kW-D, 25 kW-N, DA2 (Class B) |
| WTCM | 580 kHz | Traverse City, Michigan | 50 kW-D, 1.1 kW-N, DA2 (Class B) |
| WTEM | 980 kHz | Washington, D.C. | 50 kW-D, 5 kW-N, DA2 (Class B) |
| WTIC | 1080 kHz | Hartford, Connecticut | 50 kW U, DAN |
| WTLN | 990 kHz | Orlando, Florida | 50 kW-D, 14 kW-N, DA2 (Class B) |
| WTMJ | 620 kHz | Milwaukee, Wisconsin | 50 kW-D, 10 kW-N, DA2 (Class B) |
| WTRU | 830 kHz | Kernersville, North Carolina | 50 kW-D, 10 kW-N, DA2 (Class B) |
| WXKG | 1010 kHz | Atlanta, Georgia | 50 kW-D, 0.078 kW (78 watts)-N, 45 kW-CH (Class D) |
| WTSD | 1190 kHz | Leesburg, Virginia | 50 kW-D, 1.2 kW-N, DA2 (Class B) |
| WWBC | 1510 kHz | Cocoa, Florida | 50 kW-D, 25 kW-CH, DA2 (Class D) (daytime only) |
| WWFE | 670 kHz | Miami, Florida | 50 kW-D, 1 kW-N, DA2 (Class B) |
| WWGB | 1030 kHz | Indian Head, Maryland | 50 kW D (Class D) |
| WWJ | 950 kHz | Detroit, Michigan | 50 kW U, DA2 (Class B) |
| WWJZ | 640 kHz | Mount Holly, New Jersey | 50 kW-D, 0.95 kW (950 watts)-N, DA2 (Class B) |
| WWKB | 1520 kHz | Buffalo, New York | 50 kW U, DA1 |
| WWL | 870 kHz | New Orleans, Louisiana | 50 kW U, DA1 |
| WWNL | 1080 kHz | Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania | 50 kW-D, 25 kW-CH, DAD (Class D) |
| WWVA | 1170 kHz | Wheeling, West Virginia | 50 kW U, DAN |
| WXJC | 850 kHz | Birmingham, Alabama | 50 kW-D, 1.0 kW-N, DA2 (Class B) |
| WXKS | 1200 kHz | Newton, Massachusetts | 50 kW U, DA2 (Class B) |
| WXYT | 1270 kHz | Detroit, Michigan | 50 kW U, DA2 (Class B) |
| WYGM | 740 kHz | Orlando, Florida | 50 kW U, DA2 (Class B) |
| WYLL | 1160 kHz | Chicago, Illinois | 50 kW-U, DA2 (Class B) |
| WYMM | 1530 kHz | Jacksonville, Florida | 50 kW-D (Daytime Only) (Class D) |
| WZFG | 1100 kHz | Dilworth, Minnesota | 50 kW-D, .44 kW (440 watts)-N, 5 kW-CH, DAN (Class B) |


title: Yasmine Bladelius

abstract: Yasmine Bladelius, previously Yasmine Larsson, is a Swedish Social Democratic Party politician.

text:
# Yasmine Bladelius

**Yasmine Bladelius** (born 1988), previously **Yasmine Larsson**, is a Swedish Social Democratic Party politician.

## Political career

Bladelius was first elected member of the Riksdag for the period 20142018, from the Skåne Western constituency.

As of 2016, Bladelius served as chairperson of the Swedish Republican Association.

Bladelius was elected as Member of the Riksdag again in September 2022.

In addition to her committee assignments, Bladelius has been a member of the Swedish delegation to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE) since 2022.

## InfoBox

| Yasmine Bladelius | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | 1988 (age 3536) |
| Nationality | Swedish |
| Occupation | Politician |
| Known for | Member of the Riksdag |
| Political party | Social Democratic Party |


title: TRAZ

abstract: TRAZ is a 1988 block breaker game developed and published by Cascade Games. The game was released in 1988 for the Commodore 64, DOS, and ZX Spectrum.

text:
# TRAZ

***TRAZ*** (short for ***Tr**ansformable **A**rcade **Z**one*) is a 1988 block breaker game developed and published by Cascade Games. The game was released in 1988 for the Commodore 64, DOS, and ZX Spectrum.

## Gameplay

TRAZ is a block breaker game, but unlike most such games, it supports an arbitrary number of paddles either horizontally or vertically, with the player controlling all of them simultaneously. Also unlike other block breaker games, the edges of the screen aren't open but surrounded by a wall that bounces the ball back; hazards are instead represented by beams of electricity (also either horizontal or vertical) that destroy the ball on contact; a turn is lost when all balls are destroyed. Both the beams and the paddles can be anywhere on the map in any alignment, allowing paddles to block each other, or having the hazard in the middle of the screen rather than the edges as traditional. The game consists of 64 levels, as well as an editor mode allowing the player to create their own levels.

* *TRAZ* at Lemon 64
* *TRAZ* at World of Spectrum

## InfoBox

| TRAZ | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Developer(s) | Cascade Games |
| Publisher(s) | Cascade Games |
| Composer(s) | Jeroen Kimmel |
| Platform(s) | Commodore 64, DOS, ZX Spectrum |
| Release | 1988 |
| Genre(s) | Block breaker |
| Mode(s) | Single player, multiplayer |


title: Vera Furness

abstract: Vera Isabella Furness was an English chemist and industrial manager who worked for Courtaulds in Coventry and later Campsie from 1953 to 1981. She worked on the production of the acrylic Courtelle and developed a copolymer that would allow for a more successful commercial dying of the filter. Furness then incorporated a reagent into the process giving it a near white fibre. She was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in 1971.

text:
# Vera Furness

**Vera Isabella Furness** MBE (2 June 1921 –2002) was an English chemist and industrial manager who worked for Courtaulds in Coventry and later Campsie from 1953 to 1981. She worked on the production of the acrylic Courtelle and developed a copolymer that would allow for a more successful commercial dying of the filter. Furness then incorporated a reagent into the process giving it a near white fibre. She was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in 1971.

## Biography

She was born in Birmingham on 2 June 1921. Furness originally studied to become a teacher at a teacher training college and went on to become a secondary school teacher. She studied for an external chemistry degree at the University of London whilst teaching full-time at Birmingham Central Technical College (today Acton University). Following her graduation from the university with a Bachelor of Science degree in 1946 in which she did a doctoral thesis on hexomethylenetetramines with dialkylanilines and phenols, she was appointed BX Plastics' development chemist, where she conducted research for her Master of Science degree. Furness' thesis concerned with preparing fluoroquinolones mono-substituted in the benzene ring.

Furness declined the offer of a full-time teaching job after finishing her Doctor of Philosophy degree in 1952 and went back to industrial research because she felt that was where her interest was. She joined Courtaulds in Coventry in 1953, and worked on producing Courtelle, an acrylic, and then developed a copolymer that would allow for a more successful commercial dying of the filter. She subsequently incorporated a reagent into the process, giving it a fibre that was nearly white. Furness was fully involved in every aspect of the process such as chemical and mechanical issues. She went to China, Poland, and Soviet Union to talk about the process of acrylic plants and the technical production before the plants were built. After the Royal Aircraft Establishment discovered the best fibre precursor as Courtelle in 1963 when it was developing carbon fibers for improved aircraft components, Furness took part in making the fibre better and made a process for producing it on a mass scale starting from 1965. She was head of the Acetate and Synthetic Fibres Laboratory from 1964 to 1969.

She led a section with 100 employees and was the first women to hold such a professional industry position over males in such a division in England. Furness was asked to lower energy consumption across each of the 400 sites in the United Kingdom during the oil crisis and did so by establishing objectives based on production. She was appointed general manager of Courtaulds Research Division in their factory in Campsie, County Tyrone and held the position from May 1970 to 1976. Between 1976 and 1978, Furness served as chair of Steel Cords. Following her move to Northern Ireland to become manager of Courtaulds' Campsie factory in 1978, she was on multiple boards and committees such as Enterprise Ulster; the Labour Relations Agency conciliator; the Northern Ireland Economic Council; the University of Ulster Council and the Western Education and Library Board. She left Courtaulds in 1981. Furness was also company director of Roe Valley Community Property from 28 July 2000 to 8 June 2002.

## Personal life

In 1971, she was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) "for services to export". Furness died in 2002 in Limavady, close to Derry, Northern Ireland.

## InfoBox

| Vera FurnessMBE | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Vera Isabella Furness
(1921-06-02)2 June 1921
Birmingham, England |
| Died | 2002 (age 80–81)
Limavady, Northern Ireland |
| Alma mater | University of London |
| Occupations | * Chemist * Industrial manager |
| Years active | 1953–1981 |
| Employers |  |


title: Pakistan Social Democratic Party

abstract: The Pakistan Social Democratic Party is a political party in Pakistan. In 2002, with a wristwatch as the party's symbol on the ballot, it fielded one candidate in the National Assembly elections and the regional assembly elections, but won no seats. In 2004 the Electoral Commission asked the party, and ten other parties, to have its submitted statement of account audited by a chartered accountant and re-submitted. Thirty-four parties had submitted no statements of account at all, and faced disqualification. Pakistan Social Democratic Party is run by Mujeeb ur Rehman Kiani, a seasoned lawyer and Chairman of the Party, and Irfan Kausar, deputy director. The comprehensive manifesto of the party was printed and circulated during its years in active politics. Its founder is author of a publication named 'Responsible Politics', widely sold during the time of its publication. It laid down the predictions and expectations of on coming politics in Pakistan.

text:
# Pakistan Social Democratic Party

The **Pakistan Social Democratic Party** is a political party in Pakistan. In 2002, with a wristwatch as the party's symbol on the ballot, it fielded one candidate in the National Assembly elections and the regional assembly elections, but won no seats. In 2004 the Electoral Commission asked the party, and ten other parties, to have its submitted statement of account audited by a chartered accountant and re-submitted. Thirty-four parties had submitted no statements of account at all, and faced disqualification.

Pakistan Social Democratic Party is run by Mujeeb ur Rehman Kiani, a seasoned lawyer and Chairman of the Party, and Irfan Kausar, deputy director.

The comprehensive manifesto of the party was printed and circulated during its years in active politics. Its founder is author of a publication named 'Responsible Politics', widely sold during the time of its publication. It laid down the predictions and expectations of on coming politics in Pakistan.

* "Candidates and parties in fray". Khaleej Times. 2002-10-07. Archived from the original on 2005-04-15. Retrieved 2005-06-11.
* "Pakistan Social Democratic Party". *Election Pakistan 2002 results*. Archived from the original on September 28, 2007. Retrieved June 11, 2005.
* "34 parties face disqualification for not submitting accounts". Daily Times. 2004-09-16.

## InfoBox

| Pakistan Social Democratic Party | |
| --- | --- |
| Chairman | Mujeeb ur Rehman Kian |
| Deputy Director | Irfan Kausar |
| Ideology | Social democracy |
| Political position | Centre-left |
| Election symbol | |
| Wristwatch (2002 General Elections)<br> | |
|  | |


title: One hundred lei

abstract: The one hundred lei banknote is one of the circulating denomination of the Romanian leu. It is the same size as the 2002 series 100 Euro banknote. The main color of the banknote is blue. It pictures, on the obverse the playwright, short story writer, poet, theater manager, political commentator and journalist Ion Luca Caragiale, and on the reverse the old building of the Bucharest National Theatre, and the statue of Ion Luca Caragiale. The one hundred lei banknote is the only banknote that pictures a personality both on the obverse and reverse.

text:
# One hundred lei

The **one hundred lei** banknote is one of the circulating denomination of the Romanian leu. It is the same size as the 2002 series 100 Euro banknote.

The main color of the banknote is blue. It pictures, on the obverse the playwright, short story writer, poet, theater manager, political commentator and journalist Ion Luca Caragiale, and on the reverse the old building of the Bucharest National Theatre, and the statue of Ion Luca Caragiale. The one hundred lei banknote is the only banknote that pictures a personality both on the obverse and reverse.

## History

In the past, the denomination was also in the coin form, as follows:

**First leu (1867-1947)**

* banknote issues: 1877 (the hypothecary issue), 1881 (re-issues: 1881, 1882, 1883, 1884, 1885, 1886, 1888, 1889, 1890, 1891, 1892, 1893, 1894, 1896, 1897, 1898, 1899, 1900, 1902, 1904, 1905, 1906, 1907), 1910 (re-issues: 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1919, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1940, 1942), *1917 (issued by the Romanian General Bank and circulated in the German occupation area between 1917-1918)*
* *coin issues (anniversary editions): 1906 (gold), 1922 (gold)*
* coin issues: 1932, 1936 (re-issue: 1938), 1943 (re-issue: 1944)
* banknote issues: *1944 (issued by the Red Army Comandament and circulated in 1944)*, 1945

**Second leu (1947-1952)**

* banknote issue: 1947 (re-issue: December 1947)

**Third leu - ROL (1952-2005)**

* banknote issues: 1952, 1966
* coin issue: 1991 (re-issues: 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996)

**Fourth leu - RON (since 2005)**

* banknote issue: 2005 (redesigned issue of the former 1.000.000 lei banknote, whereas 1.000.000 third lei = 100 fourth lei)

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Obverse | Reverse |
| 1952 100 lei issue | |

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Obverse | Reverse |
| 1966 100 lei issue | |

National Bank of Romania website

## InfoBox

One hundred lei
| (Romania) | |
| --- | --- |
| Value | 100 Romanian leu |
| Width | 147 mm |
| Height | 82 mm |
| Security features | watermark, security thread, transparent window, microprinting, blacklight printing, micro perforations, latent writing, EURion constellation |
| Material used | polymer |
| Years of printing | since 2005 |
| Obverse | |
|  | |
| Design | Ion Luca Caragiale, Sweet violet, mask of Comedy |
| Designer | National Bank of Romania |
| Design date | 2005 |
| Reverse | |
|  | |
| Design | Old building of the National Theatre of Bucharest, statue of Caragiale, mask of Tragedy |
| Designer | National Bank of Romania |
| Design date | 2005 |


title: Liar's Dice (Milton Bradley)

abstract: Liar's Dice is a board game published in 1987 by Milton Bradley.

text:
# Liar's Dice (Milton Bradley)

***Liar's Dice*** is a board game published in 1987 by Milton Bradley.

## Contents

*Liar's Dice* is a game in which each player shakes five dice inside a shaker, and the first player makes a bid on the hidden results, and the other players in order must raise the bid or challenge.

## Reception

The *Chicago Tribune* called the game "A nice combination of strategy and luck; good for the whole family."

Brian Walker reviewed *Liar's Dice* for *Games International* magazine, and gave it 5 stars out of 5, and stated that "Role-players, wargamers (even), and people who normally hate games can play, enjoy, and win this game. *Liar's Dice*, entry in the hall of fame is yours, no die roll required."

## Reviews


title: Trost Peak

abstract: Trost Peak is a peak, 980 m, standing 1.5 nautical miles (2.8 km) northeast of Mount Burnett in the Masson Range of the Framnes Mountains. Mapped by Norwegian cartographers from aerial photos taken by the Lars Christensen Expedition, 1936–37. Remapped by ANARE, 1957–60, and named for P.A. Trost, physicist at Mawson Station, 1958.

text:
# Trost Peak

**Trost Peak** is a peak, 980 m, standing 1.5 nautical miles (2.8 km) northeast of Mount Burnett in the Masson Range of the Framnes Mountains. Mapped by Norwegian cartographers from aerial photos taken by the Lars Christensen Expedition, 1936–37. Remapped by ANARE (Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions), 1957–60, and named for P.A. Trost, physicist at Mawson Station, 1958.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Trost Peak". *Geographic Names Information System*. United States Geological Survey.

67°52′S 62°48′E / 67.867°S 62.800°E / -67.867; 62.800


title: Llanfalteg Halt railway station

abstract: Llanfalteg Halt railway station served the village of Llanfallteg, Carmarthenshire, Wales, from 1875 to 1962 on the Whitland and Cardigan Railway.

text:
# Llanfalteg Halt railway station

**Llanfalteg Halt railway station** served the village of Llanfallteg, Carmarthenshire, Wales, from 1875 to 1962 on the Whitland and Cardigan Railway.

## History

The station was opened on 12 July 1875 by the Whitland and Taf Vale Railway. The original station had a wooden shed as a station building. Nearby was a stone-built engine shed which had space for one engine. This closed on 1 September 1886. A new station was built in 1886. This had a goods shed opposite the platform; access was granted by a ground frame in a wooden cabin. Near the level crossing was a siding that served another goods shed built from cast iron. On the platform was a station building that incorporated the waiting room and the booking shed. The station was downgraded to a halt in September 1956, thus the suffix 'Halt' was added to its name. It closed on 10 September 1962. The station building was demolished in 1968.

| Preceding station |  | Disused railways |  | Following station |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Login Halt
Line and station closed |  | Whitland and Cardigan Railway |  | Whitland
Line and station closed |

## InfoBox

| Llanfallteg Halt | |
| --- | --- |
| General information | |
| Location | Llanfallteg, Carmarthenshire
England |
| Coordinates | 51°50′50″N 4°40′43″W / 51.8472°N 4.6785°W / 51.8472; -4.6785 |
| Grid reference | SN156199 |
| Platforms | 1 |
| Other information | |
| Status | Disused |
| History | |
| Original company | Whitland and Taf Vale Railway |
| Pre-grouping | Whitland and Cardigan Railway |
| Post-grouping | Great Western Railway
British Railways (Western Region) |
| Key dates | |
| 12 July 1875 (1875-07-12) | Opened as Llanfalteg |
| September 1956 | Name changed to Llanfalteg Halt |
| 10 September 1962 (1962-09-10) | Closed |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Patterson station (Metro-North)

abstract: Patterson station is a commuter rail stop on the Metro-North Railroad's Harlem Line, located in Patterson, New York. It is the northernmost station on the line in Putnam County, and the first station beyond the end of electrification.

text:
# Patterson station (Metro-North)

**Patterson station** is a commuter rail stop on the Metro-North Railroad's Harlem Line, located in Patterson, New York.

It is the northernmost station on the line in Putnam County, and the first station beyond the end of electrification.

## History

The New York and Harlem Railroad built their main line through Patterson towards Dover Plains in 1848, when Patterson station opened. NY&H was acquired by the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad in 1864 and eventually taken over by the New York Central Railroad. On August 3, 1952, a derailment of milk cars and other freight at the station took place, which resulted in no injuries or deaths, but nevertheless startled the community. As with most of the Harlem Line, the merger of New York Central with Pennsylvania Railroad in 1968 transformed the station into a Penn Central Railroad station. Penn Central's continuous financial despair throughout the 1970s forced them to turn over their commuter service to the Metropolitan Transportation Authority, who eventually converted into a Metro-North station in 1983.

## Station layout

The station consists of a four-car-long high-level side platform to the west of the track.

## InfoBox

| Patterson | |
| --- | --- |
| Southbound train approaching Patterson station | |
| General information | |
| Location | 1 Front Street, Patterson, New York |
| Coordinates | 41°30′42″N 73°36′15″W / 41.51174°N 73.60428°W / 41.51174; -73.60428 |
| Line(s) | Harlem Line |
| Platforms | 1 side platform |
| Tracks | 1 |
| Connections | **Putnam Transit**: PART 3 |
| Other information | |
| Fare zone | 8 |
| History | |
| Opened | December 31, 1848 |
| Key dates | |
| June 1959 | Station agent eliminated |
| Passengers | |
|  | |
|  | |
| 2018 | 110 (Metro-North) |
| Rank | 99 of 109 |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station  Metro-North Railroad Following station  SoutheastTerminus  Harlem LineWassaic Branch<br>(weekdays)  Pawlingtoward Wassaic | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Former services | |
| Preceding station New York Central Railroad Following station  Towner'stoward New York  Harlem Division  Pawlingtoward Chatham | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | |


title: Lisa Schettner

abstract: Elisabeth Schettner, known as Lisa Schettner, is a French singer-songwriter and producer, of French, Czech and German descent. Environmentalist and human rights defender, Schettner is known for her activism through her songwriting, including her songs "Wild", "Hands Off Ukraine", "Bayraktar [Mashup Edition]", and "Out of Touch". Most of her other songs are romantic, folk, medieval, Celtic ballads. Schettner's song "Bayraktar [Mashup Edition]", written in collaboration with Ukrainian colonel Taras Borovok, talks about the invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. Major newspapers, such as The Telegraph and La Dépêche, picked up the story, and the song was also shared on the official Telegram page of the Ukrainian parliament. The single made it to the Ukrainian hit parade, and has been played on Ukrainian radio stations. "Bayraktar [Mashup Edition]" is referenced in Tjasa Mohar and Victor Kennedy's book Words, Music and Propaganda, published in 2023. The song is also the subject of the article Not your ordinary drone: odes to the Bayraktar in the Russia–Ukraine war, published in 2024 by the Cambridge University Press. Georgian writer Tamuna Tsertsvadze, in her book The Gift of the Fox, named one of the main characters Liz Schettner, in honour of the singer-songwriter. Following that, Schettner wrote "Edmund's Lullaby", based on Tsertsvadze's lyrics, as a soundtrack for Tsertsvadze's novel Zariel Legends: Zodiac Circle. Schettner's folk songs "Up High" and "Great Expectations" were elected for the Celtic Top 20 of the Irish & Celtic Music Podcast. Additionally, "Up High" received an honourable mention in the Texas Scot Talent contest. Schettner's track "Baby Beauty" reached international popularity, has been used by thousands of social media users, and is regularly played at baby shower parties.

text:
# Lisa Schettner

**Elisabeth Schettner**, known as **Lisa Schettner** (previously **Liz Schettner**), is a French singer-songwriter and producer, of French, Czech and German descent.

Environmentalist and human rights defender, Schettner is known for her activism through her songwriting, including her songs "Wild", "Hands Off Ukraine", "Bayraktar \[Mashup Edition\]", and "Out of Touch". Most of her other songs are romantic, folk, medieval, Celtic ballads.

Schettner's song "Bayraktar \[Mashup Edition\]", written in collaboration with Ukrainian colonel Taras Borovok, talks about the invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. Major newspapers, such as *The Telegraph* and *La Dépêche*, picked up the story, and the song was also shared on the official Telegram page of the Ukrainian parliament. The single made it to the Ukrainian hit parade, and has been played on Ukrainian radio stations. "Bayraktar \[Mashup Edition\]" is referenced in Tjasa Mohar and Victor Kennedy's book *Words, Music and Propaganda*, published in 2023. The song is also the subject of the article *Not your ordinary drone: odes to the Bayraktar in the Russia–Ukraine war*, published in 2024 by the Cambridge University Press.

Georgian writer Tamuna Tsertsvadze, in her book *The Gift of the Fox*, named one of the main characters Liz Schettner, in honour of the singer-songwriter. Following that, Schettner wrote "Edmund's Lullaby", based on Tsertsvadze's lyrics, as a soundtrack for Tsertsvadze's novel *Zariel Legends: Zodiac Circle*.

Schettner's folk songs "Up High" and "Great Expectations" were elected for the *Celtic Top 20* of the Irish & Celtic Music Podcast. Additionally, "Up High" received an honourable mention in the Texas Scot Talent contest. Schettner's track "Baby Beauty" reached international popularity, has been used by thousands of social media users, and is regularly played at baby shower parties.

## Early life and education

During her childhood and teenage years, Schettner received private training by artists such as, among others, Ed Sadler, Hilary Carrington, Simon Carrington, Carole Tarlington and Cameron Bancroft. Her training continued at The Lir Academy and Rose Bruford College. Lisa Schettner's dance skills, first oriented towards ballet, lyrical and jazz, flourished under the influence of Teya Wild (finalist in *So You Think You Can Dance Canada*, Season 4), and the Viennese Elmayer dance school. In 2017, after passing her entrance exams, Lisa Schettner was accepted for studies at Berklee College of Music in Boston.

## InfoBox

| Lisa Schettner | |
| --- | --- |
| Genres |  |
| Occupation(s) | singer-songwriter, musician, producer |
| Instrument(s) | piano, guitar, Irish flute |
| Years active | 2016-present |
|  | |
| Website | lisaschettner.com |


title: Yakupbey, Meriç

abstract: Yakupbey is a village in the Meriç District of Edirne Province in Turkey. The village had a population of 121 in 2022.

text:
# Yakupbey, Meriç

**Yakupbey** is a village in the Meriç District of Edirne Province in Turkey. The village had a population of 121 in 2022.

## InfoBox

| Yakupbey | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| YakupbeyLocation in TurkeyYakupbeyYakupbey (Marmara) | |
| Coordinates: 41°14′N 26°33′E / 41.233°N 26.550°E / 41.233; 26.550 | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Edirne |
| District | Meriç |
| Population (2022) | 121 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |


abstract:
TRNA (carboxymethyluridine⁳⁴-5-O)-methyltransferase is an enzyme with systematic name S-adenosyl-L-methionine:tRNA (carboxymethyluridine⁳⁴-5-O)-methyltransferase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
  - S-adenosyl-L-methionine + carboxymethyluridine⁳⁴ in tRNA ⇌ S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-(2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl)uridine⁳⁴ in tRNA The enzyme catalyses the posttranslational modification of uridine residues at the wobble position 34 of the anticodon loop of tRNA.

text:
# TRNA (carboxymethyluridine34-5-O)-methyltransferase

**TRNA (carboxymethyluridine34-5-O)-methyltransferase** (EC 2.1.1.229, *ALKBH8*, *ABH8*, *Trm9*, *tRNA methyltransferase 9*) is an enzyme with systematic name *S-adenosyl-L-methionine:tRNA (carboxymethyluridine34-5-O)-methyltransferase*. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

S-adenosyl-L-methionine \+ carboxymethyluridine34 in tRNA $\rightleftharpoons $ S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine \+ 5-(2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl)uridine34 in tRNA

The enzyme catalyses the posttranslational modification of uridine residues at the wobble position 34 of the anticodon loop of tRNA.

## InfoBox

| TRNA (carboxymethyluridine34-5-O)-methyltransferase | |
| --- | --- |
| Identifiers | |
| EC no. | 2.1.1.229 |
| Databases | |
| IntEnz | IntEnz view |
| BRENDA | BRENDA entry |
| ExPASy | NiceZyme view |
| KEGG | KEGG entry |
| MetaCyc | metabolic pathway |
| PRIAM | profile |
| PDB structures | RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum |
| Search  PMC articles  PubMed articles  NCBI proteins | |


title: Pakistan Socialist Party

abstract: The Pakistan Socialist Party was a political party in Pakistan. It was formed out of the branches of the Indian Socialist Party in the areas ceded to the new state of Pakistan. The PSP failed to make any political breakthrough in Pakistani politics. Being a secular socialist party, which had strongly opposed the creation of the state Pakistan, the PSP found itself politically isolated and with little mass appeal. The party was labelled as traitors and kafirs by its opponents. The PSP found it difficult to compete with the Islamic socialism that Liaquat Ali Khan professed to in 1949. As of 1956, the party claimed that have 3,000 members. A more realistic account, however, would lie somewhere around 1,250. PSP was a member of the Asian Socialist Conference. The PSP youth wing was called 'Pakistan Socialist Party Youth', which was recognised by the International Union of Socialist Youth as a 'co-operating organisation'.

text:
# Pakistan Socialist Party

The **Pakistan Socialist Party** was a political party in Pakistan. It was formed out of the branches of the Indian Socialist Party in the areas ceded to the new state of Pakistan. The PSP failed to make any political breakthrough in Pakistani politics. Being a secular socialist party, which had strongly opposed the creation of the state Pakistan, the PSP found itself politically isolated and with little mass appeal. The party was labelled as traitors and *kafirs* by its opponents. The PSP found it difficult to compete with the Islamic socialism that Liaquat Ali Khan professed to in 1949.

As of 1956, the party claimed that have 3,000 members. A more realistic account, however, would lie somewhere around 1,250. PSP was a member of the Asian Socialist Conference. The PSP youth wing was called 'Pakistan Socialist Party Youth', which was recognised by the International Union of Socialist Youth as a 'co-operating organisation'.

## Background

Initially the Indian Socialist Party, which was fiercely opposed to the Partition of India, wanted to retain its organisation in the areas that were to become parts of Pakistan. A Socialist Party convention in Ludhiana held in July 1947 decided that an autonomous party organisation would be formed in Pakistan. Prem Bhasin, a Rawalpindi Hindu member of the party National Executive, was designated to organise the party structure in Pakistan. Mobarak Sagher, another National Executive member who was imprisoned at the time, was designated to organise the party in the North-West.

Once Partition, and the communal violence it brought along, was a fact the idea of a united Indo-Pakistani party was abandoned. The majority of party members in West Pakistan, including Prem Bhasin, fled to India. The Socialist Party had few Muslim members before Partition, and when many Hindu cadres left Pakistan it effectively drained the party of much of its organizational capacity.

Sagher was released from jail in September 1947, and was sent to Lahore. In November 1947 he convened a conference in Rawalpindi, which attracted around fifty participants. The conference decided to break the links to the Indian Socialist Party and that socialists in Pakistan would work to form an independent party of their own. The conference resolved that the goal of the party was to transform Pakistan into a democratic and socialist republic. On the question of Kashmir, the conference called for a referendum to decide the future of the area. Furthermore, the Rawalpindi meeting stated that the Pakistani socialists would advocate Kashmiri integration with Pakistan ahead of such a plebiscite. The declaration on Kashmir illustrated the definitive break with the Indian Socialist Party, and the issue would remain a bone of contention between the Indian and Pakistani socialists.

The Rawalpindi meeting appointed a board which would oversee the preparations for the foundation of the new political party. Mohamed Yusuf Khan was the convener of the board. Other board members were Mobarak Sagher, Munshi Ahmad Din, Siddique Lodhi and Amir Qalam Khan. In December 1947 the board held a meeting in Lahore, at which it was decided to convene a founding conference of the party on 29–31 January 1948, in Karachi. Moreover, the board decided to publish *Socialist Weekly* (a continuation of *Sindhi Socialist Weekly*) as the party organ. The Urdu-language *Socialist Weekly* was published from Karachi. It had a circulation of around 2,500.

## Founding

On 29 January 1948, the founding party conference was opened in Karachi. Around 150 persons attended the conference as delegates, although it wasn't clear who the delegates represented. At one point the conference was interrupted, as police entered the premises. The conference could be continued after negotiations with the police. The Karachi conference, constituted the Pakistan Socialist Party and elected a National Executive Committee. The Executive consisted of Munshi Ahmad Din (general secretary), Mohammed Yusuf Khan (secretary), Mobarak Sagher (treasurer), Siddique Lodhi and Ram Mohan Sinha.

The Executive didn't last long, though. Two months later, at Munshin Ahmad Din was elected to the Executive of the Indian Socialist Party at its national conference in Nasik. After the Nasik conference, he didn't return to Pakistan. Soon afterwards, Sinha left Pakistan for India. In a short span, the Executive suffered yet another defection, as Lodhi resigned due to ill health. This left only two members of the original Executive, Khan and Sagher. Khan became general secretary and Sagher took the combined offices of secretary, treasurer and editor of the party organ. Two additional persons, Syed Mohammad Yusuf Rizvi and Khwaja Zahoor Din, were inducted in the Executive. But the leadership of the party was virtually limited to Khan and Sagher.

## West Pakistan

In West Pakistan, the party did not contest Assembly elections. It did have some impact in mass organisations, though. The Punjab Pind Committee was a front of the party. The party also managed to gain some influence in the Sindh Hari Committee, and a party member was elected secretary of the organisation. Finally, the PSP was able to capture the Pakistan Trade Union Federation from the communists in 1951. Mobarak Sagher became President of PTUF and Khan Vice-President. Once in control of PTUF, the socialists renamed the organisation as Pakistan Mazdoor Federation and disaffiliated the organisation from the World Federation of Trade Unions. The communists moved to reconstitute the PTUF again.

## East Pakistan

In East Bengal, the party membership was predominately Hindu. In March 1950, during the language riots, the party office in Dacca was attacked by a mob. The office secretary was killed. In its aftermath, around 300 party members left East Bengal for India. Amongst those who remained in East Pakistan, several were jailed by Pakistani authorities.

Just ahead of the 1954 East Bengal Legislative Assembly election, the jailed party members from East Pakistan were released. The party contested the elections as part of the United Front. Four party members stoods as candidates, and all were elected to the Assembly. Three of them were elected from seats reserved for religious minorities, contesting as part of the Minorities United Front. The three Hindu legislators elected were Maharaj Trailokyanath Chakravarty, Pulin De and Deben Ghosh. One Muslim party member, Moulana Altaf Hussain, was elected on an Awami League ticket.

Whilst the electoral fortunes of the party in East Pakistan was highly dependent on the reservations for minority communities, the party politically opposed communal reservation of assembly seats.

## Decline

The party was able to hold a second national conference in April 1954. Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, who had just been released from jail, assisted the conference. The conference decided, along the line of the shifts in the Indian party, to open party membership for anyone who paid the membership fee. This reform was intended to increase the party membership, but in West Pakistan the few newcomers were generally communist infiltrators who were soon expelled. In East Pakistan, the open membership policy was never really implemented.

The running of an all-Pakistan party provided enormous logistical challenges. The Executive Committee could only rarely meet. Effectively a political gap between West and East Pakistani wings of the party grew. In East Pakistan, the party supported the Awami League-led coalition government formed in East Pakistan in 1954. But the West Pakistani socialists opposed an Awami League-led coalition government at the centre.

Other divisions also emerged in the party. In East Pakistan the party was divided along the Hindu-Muslim divide. In West Pakistan, Sagher and Khan clashed with each other. In the end, Mohammed Yusuf Khan was expelled from the party in February 1957. In 1958, all political parties were banned in Pakistan.

* Doherty, James C., ed. (2006). *Historical Dictionary of Socialism* (PDF). Historical dictionaries of religions, philosophies, and movements, no. 73. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 0-8108-6477-0. OCLC 299166800. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 July 2011.
* Rose, Saul (1959). *Socialism in Southern Asia*. London: Oxford University Press. OCLC 2862247.

## InfoBox

| Pakistan Socialist Party پاکستان سوشلسٹ پارٹی | |
| --- | --- |
| Abbreviation | PSP |
| Leader | Mohammed Yusuf Khan, Mobarak Sagher |
| Founded | 29 January 1948 (1948-01-29) |
| Dissolved | 1958 (1958) |
| Headquarters | 2, Terrace de Temple, Ramchander Temple Road, Karachi |
| Newspaper | *Socialist Weekly* |
| Youth wing | Pakistan Socialist Party Youth |
| Membership (1956) | 1,250–3,000 |
| Ideology | Secularism<br>Socialism |
| Political position | Left-wing |
| International affiliation | Asian Socialist Conference |
| Colors | Red |
|  | |


title: Online Film Critics Society Awards 2017

abstract: The 21st Online Film Critics Society Awards, honoring the best in film for 2017, were announced on December 17, 2017.

text:
# Online Film Critics Society Awards 2017

The **21st Online Film Critics Society Awards**, honoring the best in film for 2017, were announced on December 17, 2017.

## Nominees

| Best Picture | Best Director |
| --- | --- |
|  |  |
| Best Actor | Best Actress |
|  |  |
| Best Supporting Actor | Best Supporting Actress |
|  |  |
| Best Animated Feature | Best Film Not in the English Language |
|  |  |
| Best Documentary | Best Breakout Star (non-competitive category) |
|  |  |
| Best Adapted Screenplay | Best Original Screenplay |
|  |  |
| Best Editing | Best Cinematography |
|  |  |
| Best Ensemble |
|  |

## InfoBox

| 21st Online Film Critics Society Awards | |
| --- | --- |
| Date | December 28, 2017 |
| Highlights | |
| Most nominations | 8 (*The Shape of Water*) |
|


title: Liberal internationalism

abstract: Liberal internationalism is a foreign policy doctrine that supports international institutions, open markets, cooperative security, and liberal democracy. At its core, it holds that states should participate in international institutions that uphold rules-based norms, promote liberal democracy, and facilitate cooperation on transnational problems. Proponents of liberal internationalism argue that the adoption of this foreign policy orientation by the United States during the 20th century has improved American liberty at home and ensured American hegemony in world politics, as well as facilitated the spread of liberal democracy and markets. Critics of the foreign policy doctrine argue that it tends towards military interventionism and contributes to disorder.

text:
# Liberal internationalism

**Liberal internationalism** is a foreign policy doctrine that supports international institutions, open markets, cooperative security, and liberal democracy. At its core, it holds that states should participate in international institutions that uphold rules-based norms, promote liberal democracy, and facilitate cooperation on transnational problems (such as environmental problems, arms control, and public health).

Proponents of liberal internationalism argue that the adoption of this foreign policy orientation by the United States during the 20th century has improved American liberty at home and ensured American hegemony in world politics, as well as facilitated the spread of liberal democracy and markets. Critics of the foreign policy doctrine (such as realists and proponents of retrenchment) argue that it tends towards military interventionism and contributes to disorder (for example, through democracy promotion and trade liberalization).

## History

Liberal internationalism emerged during the 19th century. Prominent thinkers included Lionel Curtis, Alfred Zimmern and Norman Angell.

Among policymakers, liberal internationalism influenced British Foreign Secretary and Prime Minister Lord Palmerston, and was developed in the second decade of the 20th century under U.S. President Woodrow Wilson. In this form it became known as Wilsonianism. After World War I, the foreign policy doctrine of liberal internationalism was retained by the intellectual founders of the League of Nations and augmented somewhat with ideas from classical radicalism and the political party platform of the International Entente of Radical and Similar Democratic Parties. Daniel Deudney and John Ikenberry have also associated liberal internationalism with foreign policy ideas promoted by Franklin D. Roosevelt. Paul K. MacDonald has linked diplomatic practices developed at the 1899 and 1907 Hague conferences as being key repertoires of subsequent liberal internationalism.

## Theory

The goal of liberal internationalism is to achieve global structures within the international system that are inclined towards promoting a liberal world order. It foresees a gradual transformation of world politics from anarchy to common institutions and the rule of law. To that extent, global free trade, liberal economics and liberal political systems are all encouraged. In addition, liberal internationalists are dedicated towards encouraging democracy to emerge globally. Once realized, it will result in a "peace dividend", as liberal states have relations that are characterized by non-violence, and that relations between democracies are characterized by the democratic peace theory.

Liberal internationalism states that, through multilateral organizations such as the United Nations, it is possible to avoid the worst excesses of "power politics" in relations between nations. In addition, liberal internationalists believe that the best way to spread democracy is to treat all states equally and cooperatively, whether they are initially democratic or not.

According to Abrahamsen, liberal internationalism provides more opportunities to middle powers to advance their economic, security, and political interests.

## Examples

Examples of liberal internationalists include former British Prime Minister Tony Blair, U.S. President Barack Obama, and then Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, and current Secretary of State Antony Blinken. In the US, it is often associated with the American Democratic Party. Some liberal-leaning neoconservatives shifted towards liberal internationalism in the 2010s.

Commonly cited examples of liberal interventionism include NATO's intervention in Bosnia and Herzegovina; the 1999 NATO bombing of Yugoslavia; British military intervention in the Sierra Leone Civil War; and the 2011 military intervention in Libya. According to historian Timothy Garton Ash, these are distinct because of liberal motivations and limited objectives, from other larger scale military interventions.

Multilateral institutions, such as UNDP, UNICEF, WHO, and the UN General Assembly, have also been considered examples of liberal internationalism.

According to Ikenberry and Yolchi Funabashi, one of the key pillars of liberal internationalism in practice is the democratic constitution and trade-based prosperity of Japan, which makes Japan a major stabilizer of liberal international order in the Asia-Pacific.

## Further reading


title: Trolleybuses in Bergen

abstract: The Bergen trolleybus system serves the city of Bergen, Norway. It is the only trolleybus system still in operation in Norway and one of two trolleybus systems in Scandinavia. It opened on February 24, 1950, as the Bergen Tramway was gradually closed and some of the tram lines were converted to trolleybus. It was built and operated by Bergen Sporvei, and is now operated by its successor, Tide Buss. As of 2007, it had six trolleybuses and two dual-mode buses.

text:
# Trolleybuses in Bergen

The **Bergen trolleybus system** serves the city of Bergen, Norway. It is the only trolleybus system still in operation in Norway and one of two trolleybus systems in Scandinavia.

It opened on February 24, 1950, as the Bergen Tramway was gradually closed and some of the tram lines were converted to trolleybus. It was built and operated by Bergen Sporvei, and is now operated by its successor, Tide Buss.

As of 2007, it had six trolleybuses and two dual-mode buses.

## History

The first trolleybus network in Norway, in Drammen, opened in 1909. Planning for a trolleybus system began in Bergen in 1928, and in 1937 Bergen Sporvei, the company operating Bergen's tramway, began studying trolleybus systems around Europe. On July 7, 1940 the city council decided to build two trolleybus lines: Line 5, Mulen \- city centre - Møhlenpris, and line 7, Nordnes \- city centre - Fjøsangerveien. In 1942 Bergen Sporvei started converting some of its gasoline buses to trolleybuses, but in 1944 the German occupation forces took the completed bus and moved it to Lübeck, and the company stopped rebuilding.

The fuel shortage during World War II made trolleybuses extremely popular, since Norway had an abundance of cheap electricity. After the war the construction of the 4.1-km line 5 started, and in 1950 it replaced tram line 3. By that time, five gasoline buses had been converted, giving a headway of 10 minutes. A year later, three more buses were bought from Strømmens Værksted and the headway was reduced to 7.5 minutes. The line was popular, and traffic increased. In 1954 the conversion of tram line 2 to trolleybus started, and in 1957 the 6.5-km line 2 opened with 18 new buses. The ridership reached its peak in 1959 with more than ten million passengers per year on the two routes. In 1960 the sale of cars in Norway was deregulated, resulting in fewer public transport riders.

Through the 1970s Bergen Sporvei tried to end trolleybus operation, but the city council would not allow that. However, in 1995 there was major road works resulting in the closure of line 5. As of 2007 line 5 was still closed, leaving line 2 the only trolleybus line in Norway.

Plans related to the new Bergen Light Rail system involve expanding the trolleybus line from Møhlenpris to Oasen and from Mulen to Paradis. In 2019, ten trolleybusses, specifically Solaris Trollino 18 IV were ordered for NOK 80 million, each with 55 kWh battery. The line is to be extended to Laksevåg.

Media related to Trolleybuses in Bergen, Norway at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Bergen trolleybus system | |
| --- | --- |
| A Neoplan N6321 (also referred to as MAN-Neoplan Kiepe) trolleybus operated by Tide Buss on line 2. | |
| Operation | |
| Locale | Bergen, Norway |
| Open | 24 February 1950 (1950-02-24) |
| Routes | 1 |
| Owner(s) | Skyss |
| Operator(s) | Tide Buss |
| Infrastructure | |
| Electrification | DC parallel overhead lines |
| Statistics | |
| Route length | 7 km |
|  | |
| 6,000 | |
|  | |
| Overview | |
| Website | http://www.tide.no ATM (in Norwegian) |


title: Llanfechain

abstract: Llanfechain is a village and community in Powys, Wales, on the B4393 road between Llanfyllin and Llansantffraid-ym-Mechain. Historically it belonged to Montgomeryshire. The River Cain runs through. The population of 465 at the 2011 Census was estimated at 476 in 2019. The Battle of Mechain may have been fought near Llanfechain in 1070.

text:
# Llanfechain

**Llanfechain** is a village and community in Powys, Wales, on the B4393 road between Llanfyllin and Llansantffraid-ym-Mechain. Historically it belonged to Montgomeryshire. The River Cain runs through. The population of 465 at the 2011 Census was estimated at 476 in 2019.

The Battle of Mechain may have been fought near Llanfechain in 1070.

## Name

Llanfechain could mean "parish or church (*llan*) of the Cain valley" (from Llan ym Mach Cain meaning "church in the field or plain of the Cain" to Llan ym Mechain and then Llan-mechain, which becomes Llanfechain as a result of the common mutation of 'm' to 'f' in Welsh). However, it might also mean "small (*fechan*) church or parish (*llan*)". Spellings of place names vary over time, so that small variations such as *chain/cain* and *fechain/fechan* are plausible. The name in the form *Llanveccheyn* is first encountered in 1254. It has also been known as Llanarmon-ym-Mechain, *ym-Mechain* referring to its location in the medieval cantref of Mechain, thus "Church of St Garmon in Mechain".

## Places of worship

The parish church, St Garmon's, was begun in Norman times and retains many original features. It is a Grade II\* listed building. Consisting of a single chamber, it has Romanesque windows in the east wall and two doorways in the south wall. There were some Victorian alterations, including the addition of a western bell turret. Inside, the roof dates from the 15th century, the font dates from about 1500, the pulpit bears a date of 1636, and at the western end its gallery remains.

Little is known of St Garmon. Tradition has him living in the 9th century and preaching from a mound in Llanfechain churchyard. The remains of the mound, Twmpath Garmon, are still evident north of the church, although graves have been dug into it. According to the recollections of 19th-century villagers recorded in Volume 5 of the Montgomeryshire Collections, cockpits were dug near to the mound for cockfighting. Fynnon Garmon, the holy well associated with Garmon, lies to the south-east of the village. St Garmon is likely to have been derived from St Germanus (410–474), the first Bishop of Man.

The village once had two chapels: the Peniel Wesleyan Methodist Chapel (erected 1834, rebuilt 1875, Sunday School added 1901, closed about 1990, now residential), and Zoar Calvinistic Methodist Chapel (erected 1827, rebuilt 1914, closed 2008).

## Notable sites and buildings

* After the Norman Conquest, an earthwork motte-and-bailey castle, *Tomen y Castell*, was placed above the valley of the Cain to control the area. It was probably a timber castle, of which only the earthworks remain. Its ditched mound measures 38–43 metres in diameter and about 9.5 metres high, having a summit diameter of 10–12 metres. It was probably built by Owain Fychan ap Madog (prince of Powys, son of Madog ap Maredudd) in 1166 – north of the main road from Llanfyllin to Oswestry and about 400 yards south-west of the church.
* *Ty Coch*, on the main road opposite the lane leading to the church and village, is a restored 15th-century hall-house with 17th-century alterations. It is Grade II listed. It was owned by the Jesuits of Stonyhurst (Lancashire) in the 19th century and used as a resting place for travellers. St Garmon's well (*Ffynnon Armon*) is on the land of *Ty Coch*, about 300 yards south-east of the church.
* The local pub, the *Plas-yn-Dinas Inn* opposite the church, is a Grade II, late 17th-century half-timbered building once used as a courthouse.
* *Plas Cain*, beside Llanfechain Bridge, is a timber-framed dwelling thought to date from the 17th century. In the late 19th century the house was known as Sycamore Cottage.
* On the north side of the Cain is the *Old Rectory*, which is believed to date from about 1620; it was much altered and enlarged in the 18th and 19th centuries and ceased to be a parsonage in about 1980.
* *Bodynfoel Hall* (built in 1832 and home of the Bonnor-Maurice family, some of whom served as High Sheriff of Montgomeryshire) is near Llanfechain. It is a medium-sized early Victorian mansion in neo-Jacobean style, with formal gardens, semi-natural woodland, man-made lake and a small area of park; the mansion is a Grade II listed building. Its grounds are listed Grade II on the Cadw/ICOMOS Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in Wales.

## Notable residents

In order of birth date:

* Gwerful Mechain (c. 1460 – post-1502), the one female poet of Medieval Wales from whom much work has survived, was descended from a noble Llanfechain family.
* Walter Davies (1761–1849), bardic name *Gwallter Mechain,* ("Walter of Mechain"), a Welsh poet, editor, translator, antiquary and Anglican clergyman.
* David Thomas (1833–1916), clergyman, historian and Archdeacon of Montgomery
* David Thomas (1880–1967) was a trade union and Labour Party organizer and adult tutor born and schooled in Llanfechain.
* James Hanley (1897–1986), novelist and playwright, lived in Llanfechain from December 1940 to 1963 and called it by the name "Llangyllwch" for a fictional portrait in the novella "Anatomy of Llangyllwch", part of *Don Quixote Drowned* (1953). He died in London in 1985 and was buried in Llanfechain.
* Alexander Patrick Greysteil Hore-Ruthven, 2nd Earl of Gowrie, PC, FRSL (1939 – 2021), usually known as Grey Gowrie or Lord Gowrie, lived in the area from 1983 until his death in 2021.

## Railway

Llanfechain was served by a station on the Llanfyllin branch of the Cambrian Railways from 1863. The line closed in 1965 and has since been dismantled. The station building remains as a private residence. The track bed to Llanfyllin has been built over by an industrial estate.

## Education and amenities

The village has a small Church in Wales primary school. It was rated Good in a May 2016 Estyn report.

The village has a village hall. A traditional village show had been held on the August Bank Holiday weekend every year since 1966, but had to be cancelled in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

## InfoBox

| Llanfechain | |
| --- | --- |
| St Garmon's Church, Llanfechain | |
| LlanfechainLocation within Powys | |
| Population | 465 (2011) |
| OS grid reference | SJ190203 |
| Community | * Llanfechain |
| Principal area |  |
| Preserved county |  |
| Country | Wales |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | LLANFECHAIN |
| Postcode district | SY22 |
| Dialling code | 01691 |
|  | |
| Police | Dyfed-Powys |
| Fire | Mid and West Wales |
| Ambulance | Welsh |
|  | |
| UK Parliament |  |
| Senedd Cymru – Welsh Parliament |  |
|


title: Paul Obazele

abstract: Paul Obazele is a Nigerian actor, philanthropist, and movie producer who once served as the president of the Association of Movie Producers (AMP) and at the end of his tenure as president of Association of Movie Producers (AMP) he was appointed the president of Edo Film Makers Association (EFMA). Obazele is the founder of Legends of Nollywood Awards (LNA). He was named “one of the most consistent faces on television” by the editorial team of TV Guide which is a quarterly publication of the Nigerian Television Authority.

text:
# Paul Obazele

**Paul Obazele** is a Nigerian actor, philanthropist, and movie producer who once served as the president of the *Association of Movie Producers (AMP)* and at the end of his tenure as president of *Association of Movie Producers (AMP)* he was appointed the president of *Edo Film Makers Association (EFMA).* Obazele is the founder of *Legends of Nollywood Awards* *(LNA)*. He was named *“one of the most consistent faces on television”* by the editorial team of *TV Guide* which is a quarterly publication of the Nigerian Television Authority.

## Early life and education

Obazele who hails from Edo State a south-south geographical region of Nigeria occupied predominantly by the minority tribes in Nigeria was born in Lagos state. Obazele more precisely is from Esan in Edo State and is the 5th born child in his family. Obazele attended secondary education at Anglican Grammar School, Ubulu Ukwu in Delta State. Where he obtained his *West African Senior School Certificate* from. Obazele obtained a degree in Business Administration from Auchi Polytechnic.

## Career

Obazele’s passion for acting and movie-making became ignited when he was an undergraduate at Auchi Polytechnic. Obazele revealed in an interview that his father vehemently opposed his goal to become an actor. Obazele due to objections from his father temporarily dismissed his goal of being an actor and instead, secured a daytime job at a Production company. Obazele would later go against his father’s orders and in 1994 officially join the Nigerian movie industry and debut his acting career with the movie titled *Shadow of Death* a movie directed by Bolaji Dawudu in which he played the lead role. In 1999, he was already an established actor and started to direct movies. A Guardian media publication in 2016 published a piece which stated Obazele had featured in 200 movies.

## Award

Obazele was awarded the *City People Movie Special Recognition Award* at the City People Entertainment Awards.

## Personal life

Obazele is married with children and when he isn’t working he spends his free time with his family. Obazele’s hobbies include watching films and listening to music.

## Selected filmography

* *The Legend of Inikpi (2020) Oba Esigie*
* *Night Bus To Lagos (2019)*
* *Iyore (2015) as Oba Izuwe*
* *If Only (2014) as Landlord*
* *Invasion 1897 (2014)*
* *Political Control (2006)*
* *Cry Of A Virgin (2006)*
* *Family Affair (2006)*
* *Power Must Change Hands (2006)*
* *All My Heart (2005)*
* *Hidden Treasures (2005)*
* *Faithful Love (2004)*
* *Masterstroke (2004) as Ralph*
* *Life In New York (2004)*
* *The Champ (2004) as Tony*
* *Ashanti (2003)*
* *Dangerous Babe (2003) as Stevie*
* *Last Weekend (2003)*
* *Wanted Alive (2001)*
* *Set-Up (2000)*
* *Brotherhood of Darkness (1995) as James*
* *Kòseégbé (1995)*
* *I Need a Husband (1994) as Tega*
* *Black Maria (1994)*

## InfoBox

| Paul Obazele | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Paul Obazele
1966
Lagos State, Nigeria |
| Nationality | Nigerian |
| Alma mater | Auchi Polytechnic |
| Occupation | Actor |
| Notable work | Iyore |
| Awards | City People Entertainment Awards |


title: Lisette Lanvin

abstract: Lisette Lanvin (1913–2004) was a French film actress.

text:
# Lisette Lanvin

**Lisette Lanvin** (1913–2004) was a French film actress.

## Selected filmography

## Bibliography

* Goble, Alan. *The Complete Index to Literary Sources in Film*. Walter de Gruyter, 1999.

## InfoBox

| Lisette Lanvin | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Elisabeth Etiennette Marie Caremil
3 September 1913
Grasse, Alpes-Maritimes, France |
| Died | 27 July 2004
Suresnes, Hauts-de-Seine, France |
| Occupation | Actress |
| Years active | 1931–1949 (film) |