title: Olwyn

abstract: Olwyn was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare best known for her win in the 1977 Irish Oaks. A daughter of The Derby winner Relko she won once from twelve races in 1976 and 1977. She finished no better than third in four starts as a two-year-old, but showed promising form in the spring of 1977, finishing second in the Pretty Polly Stakes and the Lancashire Oaks. After failing to win in her first nine races she recorded her first and only victory when narrowly winning a poorly contested Irish Oaks in July 1977. She was well beaten in two subsequent races and retired at the end of the year. She made little impression as a broodmare.

text:
# Olwyn

**Olwyn** (1974  after 1990) was a British Thoroughbred racehorse and broodmare best known for her win in the 1977 Irish Oaks. A daughter of The Derby winner Relko she won once from twelve races in 1976 and 1977. She finished no better than third in four starts as a two-year-old, but showed promising form in the spring of 1977, finishing second in the Pretty Polly Stakes and the Lancashire Oaks. After failing to win in her first nine races she recorded her first and only victory when narrowly winning a poorly contested Irish Oaks in July 1977. She was well beaten in two subsequent races and retired at the end of the year. She made little impression as a broodmare.

## Background

Olwyn was a big, strong bay mare with a small white star bred in the United Kingdom by the Dollanstown Stud. She was sired by Relko, the French-trained winner of the 1963 Epsom Derby. Relko was not a conspicuous success as a sire of winners, although several of his daughters made an impact as broodmares. Olwyn was the second foal of her dam Nantahalah, who, as a descendant of the broodmare Never Again, was related to Al Bahathri and her son Haafhd.

As a yearling Olwyn was sent to the sales and was bought for 3,000 guineas by representatives of Souren Vanian, a French-Armenian arms dealer. The filly was sent into training with Ron Boss at his Phoenix Lodge stable at Newmarket, Suffolk. Boss had ridden for Noel Murless in the 1950s and then worked as head lad for his fellow Welshman Ifor Lewis before taking out a trainer's license in 1972.

## Racing career

### 1976: two-year-old season

Olwyn failed to win in her first three starts, producing her best effort when finishing third to the Queen's colt Card Player over seven furlongs at Newmarket Racecourse. Despite her unremarkable form the filly was moved up sharply in class for her fourth and final appearance of the season when she was sent to France to contest the Group One Critérium des Pouliches over 1600 metres at Longchamp Racecourse on 3 October. Ridden by Joe Mercer she started a 59/1 outsider but exceeded expectations as she finished sixth of the fourteen runners, less than six lengths behind the winner Kamicia.

### 1977: three-year-old season

On her three-year-old debut Olwyn ran second to the Queen's filly Dunfermline in the Pretty Polly Stakes at Newmarket in April, finishing four lengths behind the winner. After finishing second in the Warwick Oaks, the filly was moved up in class for the 199th running of the Oaks Stakes at Epsom Downs Racecourse and finished ninth of the thirteen runners behind Dunfermline. When dropped back in class for a maiden race at Bath Racecourse she started odds-on favourite but finished second. In the Lancashire Oaks at Haydock Park Racecourse in July she proved no match for the Peter Walwyn-trained Busaca and was beaten four lengths into second place by the winner who went on to beat Dunfermline in the Yorkshire Oaks.

Olwyn was then sent to Ireland for the Irish Oaks over one and a half miles at the Curragh on 16 July in which she was ridden by the lightweight jockey John "Kipper" Lynch. In an eight-runner field described as "one of the poorest ever assembled for a classic" the Dermot Weld-trained Nanticious was made the 4/6 favourite after beating Busaca on soft ground in the Ribblesdale Stakes at Royal Ascot. High Charge, who had finished ahead of Olwyn at Epsom was next in the betting on 7/1 ahead of Lady North (fifth in the Irish 1000 Guineas) with Olwyn fourth choice on 11/1. Lynch sent Olwyn into the lead and was never headed: she held on despite hanging to the right in the closing stages to win by a short head and a head from Sassabunda and Nanticious.

Olwyn returned to England for the St Leger Stakes over fourteen and a half furlongs at Doncaster Racecourse in December and finished sixth of the thirteen runners behind Dunfermline and Alleged after behaving poorly before the start. A week later she was ridden by Lester Piggott and started a 22/1 outsider for the Prix Vermeille at Longchamp. She was in contention until the final turn but finished unplaced behind Kamicia.

Olwyn was sent to the Newmarket sales in December and was sold for 77,000 guineas.

## Assessment and awards

There was no International Classification of European two-year-olds in 1976: the official handicappers of Britain, Ireland and France compiled separate rankings for horses which competed in those countries. Olwyn was not given a rating in either the British or French handicaps. The independent Timeform organisation gave her a rating of 106, twenty-four pounds behind their top-rated two-year-old filly Cloonlara: in their annual *Racehorses of 1976* they said that she would "probably stay 1½m".

In 1977 Timeform rated her on 109, twenty-four pounds behind their best three-year-old filly Dunfermline. In the Irish handicap for three-year-olds she was given a rating of 75, five pounds inferior to the top fillies Nanticious and Lady Capulet.

## Breeding record

Olwyn produced at least ten foals and three winner between 1979 and 1990:

* Overboard, a bay colt, foaled in 1979, sired by Nonoalco. Ran 27 times: winner.
* Okeanos, brown colt, 1981, by Blakeney. Ran 13 times, winner.
* Mufrij, brown colt, 1982, by Nureyev. Failed to win in two races.
* Ormilia, filly, 1983, by Mill Reef. Failed to win in four races
* Oraia, filly, 1984, by Known Fact. Ran four times, winner.
* Overturn, bay colt, 1985, by Cure the Blues. Unraced.
* Omiros, colt, 1986, by Known Fact. Unraced.
* Only Glitter, bay filly, 1987, by Crystal Glitters. Unraced.
* Sentimental Mood, filly, 1988, by Dunbeath. Failed to win in five races.
* Lamloum, filly, 1990, by Vacarme. Failed to win in six races.

## Pedigree

Pedigree of Olwyn, bay mare, 1974
| Sire
Relko (GB)
1960 | Tanerko (FR)
1953 | Tantieme | Deux Pour Cent |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Terka |
| | La Divine | Fair Copy |
| | La Diva |
| | Relance (FR)
1952 | Relic | War Relic |
| | | Bridal Colors |
| | Polaire | Le Volcan |
| | Stella Polaris |
| Dam
Nantahalah (USA)
1967 | Nantallah (USA)
1953 | Nasrullah | Nearco |
| | | Mumtaz Begum |
| | Shimmer | Flares |
| | Broad Ripple |
| | Second Edition (USA)
1958 | Alibhai | Hyperion |
| | | Teresina |
| | Pocket Edition | Roman |
| | Never Again (Family 9-e) |

## InfoBox

| Olwyn | |
| --- | --- |
| Sire | Relko |
| Grandsire | Tanerko |
| Dam | Nantahalah |
| Damsire | Nantallah |
| Sex | Mare |
| Foaled | 1974 |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Colour | Bay |
| Breeder | Dollanstown Stud |
| Owner | Souren Vanian |
| Trainer | Ron Boss |
| Record | 12: 1-4-1 |
| Major wins | |
| Irish Oaks (1977) | |
| Awards | |
| Timeform rating 106 (1976), 109 (1977) | |


title: PHONE+

abstract: PHONE+ is a monthly trade publication for communication distribution channels providing news and strategic information to private-label resellers, agents, brokers, VARs, systems integrators, interconnects and dealers that deliver bundled voice, data, wireless, Internet and content services, and CPE. The magazine was established in 1987 and has a circulation of 20,000. The publication also is the sponsor of the Channel Partners Conference & Expo. It was published by Virgo Publishing's Telecom Division, based in Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A. Virgo was acquired by Informa in 2014. Then the magazine was renamed as Channel Partners.

text:
# PHONE+

***PHONE+*** is a monthly trade publication for communication distribution channels providing news and strategic information to private-label resellers, agents, brokers, VARs, systems integrators, interconnects and dealers that deliver bundled voice, data, wireless, Internet and content services, and CPE. The magazine was established in 1987 and has a circulation of 20,000. The publication also is the sponsor of the Channel Partners Conference & Expo. It was published by Virgo Publishing's Telecom Division, based in Phoenix, Arizona, U.S.A. Virgo was acquired by Informa in 2014. Then the magazine was renamed as *Channel Partners*.


title: Marissa Papaconstantinou

abstract: Marissa Papaconstantinou is a Greek-Canadian Paralympic athlete who competes in the 100m T64 in international level events. She qualified for the 2020 Summer Paralympics, in 100m T64 and 200m T64.

text:
# Marissa Papaconstantinou

**Marissa Papaconstantinou** (born October 13, 1999) is a Greek-Canadian Paralympic athlete who competes in the 100m T64 in international level events. She qualified for the 2020 Summer Paralympics, in 100m T64 and 200m T64.

## Early life

Papaconstantinou was born on October 13, 1999, in Toronto, Ontario to parents Kathy and Bill. Due to her Greek ancestry, she spent most of her summers with her family in Greece. Having been born without her right foot, Papaconstantinou originally played football and basketball before committing to track athletics after being fitted with her first running blade at the age of 12. Following the fitting, she set the Canadian T64 classification record for the 100 metres. Papaconstantinou was later selected by Athletics Canada and was invited to Ottawa for a Paralympic Camp. In 2014, Her running blade inspired an exhibit on 21st century bionics and prosthetics at the Ontario Science Centre.

## Career

While training with the Phoenix Track Club, Papaconstantinou represented Canada for the first time at the 2015 IPC Athletics World Championships. The following year, she was named to Canada's 2016 Summer Paralympics team when she was 16 years old. Although she qualified for the 200m final, Papaconstantinou was disqualified due to a lane violation. Following this, she competed at the 2017 World Para Athletics Championships where she finished the race with a torn hamstring. Due to this, she finished 58.06, 32 seconds behind Marlou van Rhijn. Upon making her international debut, students at Bill Crothers Secondary School painted a mural of her on one of their walls inside the school. Upon returning to North America, Papaconstantinou began her first year at Ryerson University and trained with the Toronto Varsity Blues.

In 2019, Papaconstantinou ranked third in the world in the 100 and 200 metres for the T64 classification. She also signed with Nike, Inc. to become the first female Canadian athlete to be sponsored by them. During the 100 metres T64 at the 2020 Summer Paralympics, Papaconstantinou set a personal best time of 13.07 seconds during the race to finish third behind Marlene van Gansewinkel and Irmgard Bensusan.

Papaconstantinou won the bronze medal in the 200 metres T64 event at the 2023 World Para Athletics Championships held in Paris, France.

## InfoBox

Marissa Papaconstantinou
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1999-10-13) October 13, 1999<br>Toronto, Ontario, Canada |
| Education | Ryerson University |
| Sport | |
| Country | Canada |
| Sport | Paralympic athletics |
| Disability class | T64 |
| Coached by | Bob Westman |
| Medal record      Women's para athletics  Representing  Canada  Paralympic Games  2020 Tokyo 100 metres T64  World Championships   2023 Paris 100 m T64  2023 Paris 200 m T64 | |


title: Symphony No. 26 (Michael Haydn)

abstract:
Michael Haydn's Symphony No. 26 in E-flat major, Perger 17, Sherman 26, MH 340, written in Salzburg in 1783, was the first of the only three symphonies published in his lifetime. It was one of several E-flat major symphonies attributed to Joseph Haydn. Scored for 2 oboes, 2 bassoons, 2 horns and strings, in three movements:
  - Allegro spiritoso
  - Adagietto affettuoso
  - Presto The first of these movements is now acknowledged by scholars to have been an important influence on Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's Symphony No. 39, K. 543 in the same key.

text:
# Symphony No. 26 (Michael Haydn)

Michael Haydn's **Symphony No. 26 in E-flat major**, Perger 17, Sherman 26, MH 340, written in Salzburg in 1783, was the first of the only three symphonies published in his lifetime. It was one of several E-flat major symphonies attributed to Joseph Haydn (Hob. I:Es17).

Scored for 2 oboes, 2 bassoons, 2 horns and strings, in three movements:

1. Allegro spiritoso
2. Adagietto affettuoso (in A-flat major)
3. Presto

The first of these movements is now acknowledged by scholars to have been an important influence on Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's Symphony No. 39, K. 543 in the same key.

## Discography

This symphony is included on disc 6 of a set of 20 symphonies on the CPO label with Bohdan Warchal conducting the Slovak Philharmonic. It has also been recorded by Capella Savaria conducted by Pál Németh on the Hungaroton label, and by Florian Heyerick with the Academia Palatina on the label *Etcetera*.

1. Alfred Einstein, *Mozart: His Character, His Work*, translated to English by Arthur Mendel & Nathan Broder. Oxford: Oxford University Press (1945): 127. "But, as regards the E-flat Symphony \[K. 543\], it was probably the beginning of a symphony by Michael of 14 August 1783—Mozart was then in Salzburg and may have become acquainted with the work—that supplied the stimulus for the first Allegro: Ex. 7 \[four bars of music are quoted in piano reduction\] Similarly with the *Adagio affettuoso* of the Haydn work and Mozart's Andante."
2. "Description of Et cetera CD with Choral Music, Divertimento, and Sinfonia in E-flat". Retrieved 3 January 2010.
* A. Delarte, "A Quick Overview Of The Instrumental Music Of Michael Haydn" *Bob's Poetry Magazine* November 2006: 22 PDF
* Charles H. Sherman and T. Donley Thomas, *Johann Michael Haydn (1737 - 1806), a chronological thematic catalogue of his works*. Stuyvesant, New York: Pendragon Press (1993)
* C. Sherman, "Johann Michael Haydn" in *The Symphony: Salzburg, Part 2* London: Garland Publishing (1982): lxviii
* M. H. Schmid, liner notes to Warchal box set: 20 - 22


title: Wu Zhongru

abstract: Wu Zhongru was a Chinese engineer specializing in hydraulic structure, and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering. Wu was a member of the 10th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.

text:
# Wu Zhongru

**Wu Zhongru** (Chinese: 吴中如; 9 September 1939 – 5 February 2023) was a Chinese engineer specializing in hydraulic structure, and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering.

Wu was a member of the 10th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.

## Biography

Wu was born in Yixing County (now Yixing), Jiangsu, on 9 September 1939, while his ancestral home is in Shaoxing, Zhejiang. He attended Yixing Heqiao High School (宜兴市和桥高级中学).

After graduating from East China Water Conservancy Institute (now Hohai University) in 1963, he worked at the Hydrology Institute of Water Resources (水利水电科学研究院水文所), and then successively worked at North Henan Test Station (豫北试验站), Tieshanhe Reservoir (铁山河水库), Xinxiang Prefectural Electricity Bureau (新乡地区电业局), and Xuzhou Power Plant Project Construction Headquarters (徐州电厂工程建设指挥部). He joined the faculty of Hohai University in January 1979. He joined the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in July 1986.

Wu died on 5 February 2023, at the age of 83.

## Honours and awards

* 1990 State Science and Technology Progress Award (Third Class) for the research and application of mathematical model for deformation observation of concrete dam
* 1995 State Science and Technology Progress Award (Second Class) for the high dam safety monitoring technology and feedback
* 1997 Member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE)
* 2004 State Science and Technology Progress Award (Second Class) for the theory and method of dam and dam foundation safety monitoring and its application
* 2007 State Science and Technology Progress Award (Second Class) for the study on monitoring and health diagnosis of hidden danger of major hydraulic concrete structures

## InfoBox

| Wu Zhongru | |
| --- | --- |
| 吴中如 | |
| Born | (1939-09-09)9 September 1939
Yixing County, Jiangsu, China |
| Died | 5 February 2023(2023-02-05) (aged 83)
China |
| Alma mater | Hohai University |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Hydraulic structure |
| Institutions | Hohai University |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Chinese name | |
| Simplified Chinese |  |
| Traditional Chinese |  |
| Transcriptions  Standard Mandarin  Hanyu Pinyin Wú Zhōngrú | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: List of storms named Alice

abstract:
The name Alice has been used for eighteen tropical cyclones worldwide: four in the Atlantic Ocean, ten in the Western Pacific Ocean, one in the South-West Indian Ocean, and three in the Australian region. In the Atlantic:
  - Tropical Storm Alice (1953), made landfall in Honduras, Cuba, and in Florida
  - Hurricane Alice, formed in the Bay of Campeche and made landfall in northeastern Mexico, just south of the Mexico–United States border.
  - Hurricane Alice, produced heavy rainfall and moderately strong winds across the northern Leeward Islands; is one of only two known Atlantic tropical cyclones to span two calendar years.
  - Hurricane Alice (1973), a Category 1 hurricane which affected Bermuda and Atlantic Canada. In the Western Pacific:
  - Typhoon Alice (1947) (T4716), a Category 4 typhoon that did not approach land
  - Typhoon Alice (1953) (T5318), a long-lived Category 3 typhoon which did not affect land; crossed the International Date Line before dissipating
  - Super Typhoon Alice (1958) (T5811), a Category 4 typhoon that affected Japan; responsible for over 40 deaths on Hokkaido
  - Typhoon Alice (1961), a Category 1 typhoon that formed in the South China Sea before making landfall near Hong Kong, killing four people there
  - Typhoon Alice (1964), a short-lived Category 1 typhoon to the east of the Philippines
  - Super Typhoon Alice (1966), a Category 4 typhoon that made landfall in eastern China
  - Tropical Storm Alice (1969), a tropical storm that affected southern Japan
  - Typhoon Alice (1972), a Category 2 typhoon that passed close to Japan's Boso Peninsula
  - Typhoon Alice (1975), a Category 1 typhoon that passed over Luzon in the Philippines and the Chinese island of Hainan
  - Typhoon Alice (1979), a Category 3 typhoon that caused severe damage in the Marshall Islands In the South-West Indian:
  - Tropical Storm Alice (1973), a long-lived cyclone that passed through the southern Seychelles In the Australian region:
  - Cyclone Alice (1974), stayed well to the east of the coast of New South Wales and Queensland
  - Cyclone Alice (1976), formed in the Timor Sea and moved west, stayed over the open ocean
  - Cyclone Alice–Adelaide (1980), a Category 3 tropical cyclone that formed near Sumatra and later crossed into the South-West Indian Ocean

text:
# List of storms named Alice

The name **Alice** has been used for eighteen tropical cyclones worldwide: four in the Atlantic Ocean, ten in the Western Pacific Ocean, one in the South-West Indian Ocean, and three in the Australian region.

In the Atlantic:

In the Western Pacific:

* Typhoon Alice (1947) (T4716), a Category 4 typhoon that did not approach land
* Typhoon Alice (1953) (T5318), a long-lived Category 3 typhoon which did not affect land; crossed the International Date Line before dissipating
* Super Typhoon Alice (1958) (T5811), a Category 4 typhoon that affected Japan; responsible for over 40 deaths on Hokkaido
* Typhoon Alice (1961) (T6103, 10W), a Category 1 typhoon that formed in the South China Sea before making landfall near Hong Kong, killing four people there
* Typhoon Alice (1964) (T6404, 05W), a short-lived Category 1 typhoon to the east of the Philippines
* Super Typhoon Alice (1966) (T6616, 16W), a Category 4 typhoon that made landfall in eastern China
* Tropical Storm Alice (1969) (T6907, 07W), a tropical storm that affected southern Japan
* Typhoon Alice (1972) (T7213, 13W), a Category 2 typhoon that passed close to Japan's Boso Peninsula
* Typhoon Alice (1975) (T7511, 13W), a Category 1 typhoon that passed over Luzon in the Philippines and the Chinese island of Hainan
* Typhoon Alice (1979) (T7901, 01W), a Category 3 typhoon that caused severe damage in the Marshall Islands

In the South-West Indian:

In the Australian region:


title: Trechus yaralensis

abstract: Trechus yaralensis is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Trechinae. It was described by Belousov & Kabak in 1998.

text:
# Trechus yaralensis

***Trechus yaralensis*** is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Trechinae. It was described by Belousov & Kabak in 1998.

## InfoBox

| *Trechus yaralensis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Carabidae |
| Genus: | *Trechus* |
| Species: | ***T. yaralensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Trechus yaralensis***<br>Belousov & Kabak, 1998 | |
|


title: Olwm

abstract: olwm was the default stacking window manager for OpenWindows, the original X11 desktop environment included with SunOS and Solaris. Its unique characteristic is its implementation of the OPEN LOOK look and feel. Scott Oaks developed a variant of olwm, called olvwm, which implements a virtual root window with dimensions greater than those of the video display.

text:
# Olwm

**olwm** (OPEN LOOK Window Manager) was the default stacking window manager for OpenWindows, the original X11 desktop environment included with SunOS and Solaris. Its unique characteristic is its implementation of the OPEN LOOK look and feel.

Scott Oaks developed a variant of olwm, called **olvwm** (OPEN LOOK Virtual Window Manager), which implements a virtual root window with dimensions greater than those of the video display.

## Key features

* Virtual Desktop Manager (olvwm only): allows windows to be dragged and dropped to any Workspace. The number of Workspaces is configurable; there are three rows of four Workspaces in the VDM in the lower illustration.
* Workspace Menu: allows the user to start programs
* Windows can be automatically started and positioned when the window manager starts (and can be started in a specific Workspace in olvwm), using the config file
* olvwm includes its own config file, which allows the user to resize and reposition a window using a shortcut key
* "Focus follows mouse" capability
* Ability to switch and click-into a workspace (using the olvwm VDM).
* Customizable colors
* Specify no, or minimal, window borders (olvwm only)
* Sticky windows (olvwm only)

## InfoBox

olwm
|
|  |
| Developer(s) | Sun Microsystems |
| Operating system | Solaris / SunOS |
| Platform | IA-32, PowerPC, SPARC, x86, x86-64 |
| Type | Stacking window manager |
| License | custom free software |


title: Oxyresveratrol

abstract: Oxyresveratrol is a stilbenoid. It is found in the heartwood of Artocarpus lakoocha and in the traditional drug 'Puag-Haad' made from it. It is also the aglycone of mulberroside A, a compound found in Morus alba, the white mulberry. Oxyresveratrol is a potent tyrosinase inhibitor.

text:
# Oxyresveratrol

**Oxyresveratrol** is a stilbenoid. It is found in the heartwood of *Artocarpus lakoocha* and in the traditional drug 'Puag-Haad' made from it. It is also the aglycone of mulberroside A, a compound found in *Morus alba*, the white mulberry.

Oxyresveratrol is a potent tyrosinase inhibitor.

## InfoBox

Oxyresveratrol
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Names | |
| Preferred IUPAC name 4-\[(*E*)-2-(3,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethen-1-yl\]benzene-1,3-diol | |
| Other names 2,3',4,5'-Tetrahydroxy-trans-stilbene | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number |  |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| ChemSpider |  |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.108.380 |
| KEGG |  |
| MeSH | C034912 |
| PubChem CID |  |
| UNII |  |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |  |
| InChI * InChI=1S/C14H12O4/c15-11-4-3-10(14(18)8-11)2-1-9-5-12(16)7-13(17)6-9/h1-8,15-18H/b2-1+Key: PDHAOJSHSJQANO-OWOJBTEDSA-N | |
| SMILES * C1=CC(=C(C=C1O)O)C=CC2=CC(=CC(=C2)O)O | |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C14H12O4 |
| Molar mass | 244.24 g/mol |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C \[77 °F\], 100 kPa).  Infobox references | |


abstract: Life and Death of an American Fourtracker was the third album by John Vanderslice, released in 2002.

text:
# Life and Death of an American Fourtracker

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic | link |
| Pitchfork Media | 7.9/10 link |

***Life and Death of an American Fourtracker*** was the third album by John Vanderslice, released in 2002.

## Track listing

*All songs by John Vanderslice unless otherwise noted*

1. "Fiend in a Cloud" (Blake, Vanderslice)
2. "Me and My 424"
3. "Underneath the Leaves"
4. "Interlude No. 4"
5. "The Mansion"
6. "Nikki Oh Nikki" (Darnielle, Vanderslice)
7. "Amitriptyline"
8. "Greyhound"
9. "Interlude No. 5" (Barnett, Vanderslice)
10. "Cool Purple Mist" (Darnielle, Vanderslice)
11. "From Out Here"
12. "Fiend in a Cloud, Pt. 2"

## InfoBox

| Life and Death of an American Fourtracker | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by John Vanderslice | |
| Released | May 7, 2002 |
| Recorded | January–December 2001 |
| Genre | Indie rock |
| Length | 35:06 |
| Label | Barsuk |
| John Vanderslice chronology | |
| *Time Travel Is Lonely*
(2001) ***Life and Death of an American Fourtracker***
(2002) *Cellar Door*
(2004) | |


title: Swimming at the European Games

abstract: swimming events were included at the inaugural 2015 European Games took place at the Baku Aquatics Centre, Baku 42 events were contested in long course conditions. Swimming was not included in the earliest list of sports confirmed for the 2015 Games, as the European swimming authorities at that stage were minded not to take part. However, following negotiations with the organising authorities, a compromise was reached whereby, in 2015, these events were for junior swimmers only - in effect, under 18 for men, under 16 for women. In effect, therefore, the swimming portion of the 2015 European Games doubled as the 2015 European Junior Swimming Championships. Swimming events did not return for the 2019 Games in Minsk. A number of non-Olympic distances have been raced, in addition to a full Olympic programme. The 50 metre sprint in backstroke, breaststroke, and butterfly will be held for both genders, the 800 metre freestyle for men, the 1500 metre freestyle for women and mixed gender 4 x 100 metre relays, both freestyle and medley.

text:
# Swimming at the European Games

**swimming** events were included at the inaugural 2015 European Games took place at the Baku Aquatics Centre, Baku 42 events were contested in long course conditions. Swimming was not included in the earliest list of sports confirmed for the 2015 Games, as the European swimming authorities at that stage were minded not to take part. However, following negotiations with the organising authorities, a compromise was reached whereby, in 2015, these events were for junior swimmers only - in effect, under 18 for men, under 16 for women.

In effect, therefore, the swimming portion of the 2015 European Games doubled as the 2015 European Junior Swimming Championships. Swimming events did not return for the 2019 Games in Minsk.

A number of non-Olympic distances have been raced, in addition to a full Olympic programme. The 50 metre sprint in backstroke, breaststroke, and butterfly will be held for both genders, the 800 metre freestyle for men, the 1500 metre freestyle for women and mixed gender 4 x 100 metre relays, both freestyle and medley.

## Summary

| Games | Year | Events | Best Nation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 2015 | 42 | Russia |
| II | 2019 | *not contested* | |
| III | 2023 | |
|

## List of Medalists

### Men's events

#### 50 metres freestyle

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2015 Baku
 | Ziv Kalontorov
Israel | Giovanni Izzo
Italy | Aleksei Brianskiy
Russia |

#### 100 metres freestyle

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2015 Baku
 | Duncan Scott
Great Britain | Alessandro Miressi
Italy | Vladislav Kozlov
Russia |

#### 200 metres freestyle

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2015 Baku
 | Duncan Scott
Great Britain | Cameron Kurle
Great Britain | Elisei Stepanov
Russia |

#### 400 metres freestyle

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2015 Baku
 | Paul Hentschel
Germany | Dimitrios Dimitriou
Greece | Ernest Maksumov
Russia |

#### 800 metres freestyle

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2015 Baku
 | Nicolas D'Oriano
France | Marcos Rodríguez
Spain | Henning Mühlleitner
Germany |

#### 1500 metres freestyle

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2015 Baku
 | Nicolas D'Oriano
France | Ernest Maksumov
Russia | Marc Hinawi
Israel |

#### 50 metres backstroke

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2015 Baku
 | Filipp Shopin
Russia | Marek Ulrich
Germany | Andrii Khloptsov
Ukraine |

#### 100 metres backstroke

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2015 Baku
 | Luke Greenbank
Great Britain | Filipp Shopin
Russia | Marek Ulrich
Germany |

#### 200 metres backstroke

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2015 Baku
 | Luke Greenbank
Great Britain | Mikita Tsmyh
Belarus | Roman Larin
Russia |

#### 50 metres breaststroke

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2015 Baku
 | Andrius Šidlauskas
Lithuania | Nikola Obrovac
Croatia | Tobias Bjerg
Denmark |

#### 100 metres breaststroke

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2015 Baku
 | Anton Chupkov
Russia | Andrius Šidlauskas
Lithuania | Charlie Attwood
Great Britain |  |

#### 200 metres breaststroke

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2015 Baku
 | Anton Chupkov
Russia | Kirill Mordashev
Russia | Luke Davies
Great Britain |

#### 50 metres butterfly

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2015 Baku
 | Andrii Khloptsov
Ukraine | Paweł Sendyk
Poland | Daniil Pakhomov
Russia |

#### 100 metres butterfly

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2015 Baku
 | Daniil Pakhomov
Russia | Alberto Lozano
Spain | Daniil Antipov
Russia |

#### 200 metres butterfly

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2015 Baku
 | Daniil Pakhomov
Russia | Giacomo Carini
Italy | Matthias Marsau
France |

#### 200 metres individual medley

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2015 Baku
 | Sebastian Steffan
Austria | Jarvis Parkinson
Great Britain | Martyn Walton
Great Britain |

#### 400 metres individual medley

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2015 Baku
 | Nikolay Sokolov
Russia | Igor Balyberdin
Russia | Karol Zbutowicz
Poland |

#### 4 x 100 metres freestyle relay

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2015 Baku
 | Great Britain (GBR)
Duncan Scott
Martyn Walton
Daniel Speers
Cameron Kurle
*Thomas Fannon* | Italy (ITA)
Alessandro Miressi
Giovanni Izzo
Ivano Vendrame
Alessandro Bori
*Manuel Frigo* | Russia (RUS)
Vladislav Kozlov
Aleksei Brianskiy
Elisei Stepanov
Igor Shadrin
*Georg Gutmann
Sergei Sudakov* |

#### 4 x 200 metres freestyle relay

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2015 Baku
 | Russia (RUS)
Aleksandr Prokofev
Nikolay Snegirev
Ernest Maksumov
Elisei Stepanov
*Igor Shadrin
Daniil Antipov* | Great Britain (GBR)
Duncan Scott
Martyn Walton
Kyle Chisholm
Cameron Kurle | Germany (GER)
Paul Hentschel
Henning Mühlleitner
Konstantin Walter
Moritz Brandt
*Alexander Lohmar
Thore Bermel* |

#### 4 x 100 metres medley relay

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2015 Baku
 | Russia (RUS)
Filipp Shopin
Anton Chupkov
Daniil Pakhomov
Vladislav Kozlov
*Roman Larin
Egor Suchkov
Daniil Antipov
Aleksei Brianskiy* | Great Britain (GBR)
Luke Greenbank
Charlie Attwood
Duncan Scott
Martyn Walton
*Joe Hulme
Luke Davies
Kyle Chisholm
Cameron Kurle* | Poland (POL)
Jakub Skierka
Jacek Arentewicz
Michał Chudy
Paweł Sendyk
*Damian Chrzanowski
Michał Brzuś* |

### Women's events

#### 50 metres freestyle

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2015 Baku
 | Maria Kameneva
Russia | Marrit Steenbergen
Netherlands | Julie Kepp Jensen
Denmark |

#### 100 metres freestyle

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2015 Baku
 | Marrit Steenbergen
Netherlands | Arina Openysheva
Russia | Maria Kameneva
Russia |

#### 200 metres freestyle

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2015 Baku
 | Arina Openysheva
Russia | Marrit Steenbergen
Netherlands | Leonie Kullmann
Germany |

#### 400 metres freestyle

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2015 Baku
 | Arina Openysheva
Russia | Leonie Kullmann
Germany | Anastasiya Kirpichnikova
Russia |

#### 800 metres freestyle

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2015 Baku
 | Holly Hibbott
Great Britain | Anastasiya Kirpichnikova
Russia | Marina Castro Atalaya
Spain |

#### 1500 metres freestyle

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2015 Baku
 | Sveva Schiazzano
Italy | Janka Juhász
Hungary | Marina Castro Atalaya
Spain |

#### 50 metres backstroke

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2015 Baku
 | Caroline Pilhatsch
Austria | Pauline Mahieu
France | Maria Kameneva
Russia |

#### 100 metres backstroke

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2015 Baku
 | Polina Egorova
Russia | Maria Kameneva
Russia | Pauline Mahieu
France |

#### 200 metres backstroke

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2015 Baku
 | Polina Egorova
Russia | Maxime Wolters
Germany | Maryna Kolesnykova
Ukraine |

#### 50 metres breaststroke

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2015 Baku
 | Maria Astashkina
Russia | Laura Kelsch
Germany | Nolwenn Hervé
France |

#### 100 metres breaststroke

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2015 Baku
 | Maria Astashkina
Russia | Giuila Verona
Italy | Daria Chikunova
Russia |

#### 200 metres breaststroke

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2015 Baku
 | Maria Astashkina
Russia | Giuila Verona
Italy | Layla Black
Great Britain |

#### 50 metres butterfly

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2015 Baku
 | Polina Egorova
Russia | Caroline Pilhatsch
Austria | Julie Kepp Jensen
Denmark |

#### 100 metres butterfly

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2015 Baku
 | Polina Egorova
Russia | Amelia Clynes
Great Britain | Ilektra Lebl
Greece  ---  Laura Stephens
Great Britain |

#### 200 metres butterfly

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2015 Baku
 | Julia Mrozinski
Germany | Elisa Scarpa Vidal
Italy | Boglárka Bonecz
Hungary |

#### 200 metres butterfly

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2015 Baku
 | Maxime Wolters
Germany | Ilaria Cusinato
Italy | Abbie Wood
Great Britain |

#### 400 metres butterfly

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2015 Baku
 | Abbie Wood
Great Britain | Ilaria Cusinato
Italy | Anja Crevar
Serbia |

#### 4 x 100 metres freestyle relay

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2015 Baku
 | Russia (RUS)
Arina Openysheva
Vasilissa Buinaia
Olesia Cherniatina
Maria Kameneva
*Polina Egorova
Anastasiya Kirpichnikova* | Netherlands (NED)
Pien Schravesande
Frederique Janssen
Laura van Engelen
Marrit Steenbergen
*Josien Wijkhuijs* | Great Britain (GBR)
Darcy Deakin
Madeleine Crompton
Hannah Featherstone
Georgia Coates
*Holly Hibbott* |

#### 4 x 200 metres freestyle relay

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2015 Baku
 | Russia (RUS)
Anastasiya Kirpichnikova
Arina Openysheva
Olesia Cherniatina
Irina Krivonogova
*Maria Kameneva
Mariana Petrova* | Netherlands (NED)
Laura van Engelen
Frederique Janssen
Marieke Tienstra
Marrit Steenbergen | Great Britain (GBR)
Hannah Featherstone
Darcy Deakin
Holly Hibbott
Georgia Coates
*Madeleine Crompton* |

#### 4 x 100 metres medley relay

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2015 Baku
 | Russia (RUS)
Maria Kameneva
Maria Astashkina
Polina Egorova
Arina Openysheva
*Daria Chikunova
Alexandra Chesnokova
Vasilissa Buinaia* | Netherlands (NED)
Iris Tjonk
Tes Schouten
Josein Wijkhuis
Marrit Steenbergen
*Marieke Tienstra
Frederique Janssen* | Great Britain (GBR)
Rebecca Sherwin
Layla Black
Amelia Clynes
Georgia Coates
*Emma Cain
Abbie Wood
Darcy Deakin* |

### Mixed events

#### 4 x 100 metres freestyle relay

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2015 Baku
 | Russia (RUS)
Vladislav Kozlov
Elisei Stepanov
Mariia Kameneva
Arina Openysheva
*Igor Shadrin
Aleksei Brianskiy
Vasilissa Buinaia
Olesia Cherniatina* | Great Britain (GBR)
Duncan Scott
Martyn Walton
Darcy Deakin
Georgia Coates
*Cameron Kurle
Madeleine Crompton
Daniel Speers
Hannah Featherstone* | Germany (GER)
Alexander Lohmar
Leonie Kullmann
Katrin Gottwald
Konstantin Walter
*Hana van Loock* |

#### 4 x 100 metres medley relay

| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2015 Baku
 | Russia (RUS)
Mariia Kameneva
Anton Chupkov
Daniil Pakhomov
Arina Openysheva
*Filip Shopin
Daria Chikunova
Roman Shevliakov
Vasilissa Buinaia* | Great Britain (GBR)
Luke Greenbank
Charlie Attwood
Amelia Clynes
Georgia Coates
*Joe Litchfield
Luke Davies
Abbie Wood
Hannah Featherstone* | Germany (GER)
Maxine Wolters
Leo Schmidt
Johannes Tesch
Katrin Gottwald
*Marek Ulrich
Laura Kelsch
Hana van Loock* |

## All-time Medal table

Russia is by far the most successful swimming nation at the European Games with 23 gold medals out of 42 events. Great Britain and Germany follow with seven and three gold medals respectively.

| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Russia (RUS) | 23 | 7 | 12 | 42 |
| 2 | Great Britain (GBR) | 7 | 7 | 9 | 23 |
| 3 | Germany (GER) | 3 | 4 | 6 | 13 |
| 4 | France (FRA) | 2 | 1 | 3 | 6 |
| 5 | Austria (AUT) | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 |
| 6 | Italy (ITA) | 1 | 9 | 0 | 10 |
| 7 | Netherlands (NED) | 1 | 5 | 0 | 6 |
| 8 | Lithuania (LTU) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| 9 | Ukraine (UKR) | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 |
| 10 | Israel (ISR) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 11 | Spain (ESP) | 0 | 2 | 2 | 4 |
| 12 | Poland (POL) | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 13 | Greece (GRE) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| | Hungary (HUN) | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 15 | Belarus (BLR) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| | Croatia (CRO) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 17 | Denmark (DEN) | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 |
| 18 | Serbia (SRB) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Totals (18 entries) | | 42 | 42 | 43 | 127 |

## InfoBox

| Swimming
at the 1st European Games | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Venue | Baku Aquatics Centre |
| Dates | 23–27 June 2015 |
| Competitors | 526 |


title: Wygoda, Gmina Wisznice

abstract: Wygoda is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wisznice, within Biała Podlaska County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) south-west of Wisznice, 29 km (18 mi) south of Biała Podlaska, and 73 km (45 mi) north-east of the regional capital Lublin.

text:
# Wygoda, Gmina Wisznice

**Wygoda** \[vɨˈɡɔda\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wisznice, within Biała Podlaska County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) south-west of Wisznice, 29 km (18 mi) south of Biała Podlaska, and 73 km (45 mi) north-east of the regional capital Lublin.

## InfoBox

| Wygoda | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Wygoda | |
| Coordinates: 51°46′40″N 23°11′10″E / 51.77778°N 23.18611°E / 51.77778; 23.18611 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Lublin |
| County | Biała Podlaska |
| Gmina | Wisznice |


title: Lithuanian calendar

abstract: The Lithuanian calendar is unusual among Western countries in that neither the names of the months nor the names of the weekdays are derived from Greek or Norse mythology. They were formalized after Lithuania regained independence in 1918, based on historic names, and celebrate natural phenomena; three months are named for birds, two for trees, and the remainder for seasonal activities and features. The days of the week are simply ordinal numbers. The Lithuanian calendar shows some similarities with the Slavic calendars.

text:
# Lithuanian calendar

The **Lithuanian calendar** is unusual among Western countries in that neither the names of the months nor the names of the weekdays are derived from Greek or Norse mythology. They were formalized after Lithuania regained independence in 1918, based on historic names, and celebrate natural phenomena; three months are named for birds, two for trees, and the remainder for seasonal activities and features. The days of the week are simply ordinal numbers. The Lithuanian calendar shows some similarities with the Slavic calendars.

## History

Lithuanian researcher Libertas Klimka proposed that there was a simple astronomical observatory on the Birutė Hill in Palanga before the Christianization of Lithuania.

The so-called Sceptre of Gediminas cause much speculation about a medieval Lithuanian calendar. It was found on the shore of the Strėva River near Kietaviškės in 1680. It was an iron stick 68.6 centimetres (27.0 in) in length covered in brass tin with small golden nails that formed various symbols grouped in a spiral of 39 rows. The original was lost at the end of the 19th century, but copies were made and one is kept at the National Museum of Lithuania. A copy owned by the historian Teodor Narbutt was studied and described by the Russian astronomer Matvey Gusev who argued that the symbols marked lunar months and days. No similar artifacts have been found since and researchers doubt its authenticity.

The Julian calendar was used in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania; the Gregorian calendar was adopted by the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1586, a few years after its promulgation in 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII. In 1800, following Lithuania's annexation by the Russian Empire, the Julian calendar again became the norm, although a part of ethnic Lithuania left of Nemunas River (Suvalkija) retained the Gregorian calendar (see Aleksotas). The Russian Revolution of 1917 re-instated the Gregorian calendar, which had been the Western European standard for over a century, in January 1918. These changes caused some confusion before their usage became familiar.

## Names of the months

The standardization of month names was made difficult by the fact that publication of the Lithuanian language in Latin script was illegal from 1864 to 1904 (see Lithuanian press ban) and some drift in the usages occurred.

Month names are not capitalized in the Lithuanian language, reflecting their secular origins.

* **sausis** (January) derives from the adjective *sausas*, "dry". At this point in Lithuania's winter, precipitation is usually in the form of fine, dry snowflakes, and indoor humidity is very low. Its historic names included *ragas, didysis ragutis, siekis, sausinis*, and *pusčius*.
* **vasaris** (February) derives from the noun *vasara*, "summer". At this point, the days have begun to lengthen, there are occasional thaws, and thoughts and plans of summer reawaken. Cognates of "vasara" in other Indo-European languages also mean "spring", so this month might have been named as the beginning of spring. The historic names for this month were *ragutis, kovinis*, and *pridėtinis*.
* **kovas** (March) may derive from either the noun *kovas*, the rook, or the noun *kova*, meaning battle. Rooks increase their activity at this time, building their nests and mating. The alternate derivation refers to the struggle between winter and spring. It was formerly known as *morčius* and *karvelinis*.
* **balandis** (April) is derived from *balandis*, the dove, which at this point has begun to coo, nest and mate. Earlier names included *žiedų, sultekis, gegužinis, karvelinis, biržėtas*, and *Velykų*.
* **gegužė** (May) is derived from *gegužė*, the cuckoo. Its call is felt to herald the final arrival of spring. Several folk beliefs are associated with this event. It was earlier known as *gegužinis*, *sėtinis*, *sėmenis*, *žiedžius*, *žiedų*, *berželis*, *sultekis*, *milčius*, and *mildinis*.
* **birželis** (June) is derived from *beržas*, the birch, which flowers during this month. Birch branches are used as decorations during Pentecost. Its earlier names were *visjavis, jaunius, žienpjovys, sėmenis, kirmėlių, biržis, mėšlinis*, and *pūdymo*.
* **liepa** (July) is derived from *liepa*, the linden tree, which flowers during this month; the flowers pleasantly scent the air, are used to make herbal teas, and attract honeybees. Older names for the month were *liepinis*, *liepžiedis*, *plaukjavis*, *plūkis*, *šienpjūtis*, and *šienpjūvis*. Cognate to Polish lipiec, Ukrainian липень (lypen') and Belarusian ліпень (lipień).
* **rugpjūtis** (August) is derived from *rugiai*, rye, and the verb *pjauti*, to cut. This staple Lithuanian grain is harvested then; before mechanization, this was performed with sickles. It was also known as *degėsis*, *paukštlėkis*, and *pjūties*.
* **rugsėjis** (September) is also derived from *rugiai*, with the verb *sėti*, to plant. The grain is sown at this time, germinates, and overwinters in the fields, resuming growth in the spring. Other names for this month were *rudenio*, *vėsulinis*, *paukštlėkis*, *šilų*, *rujos*, *strazdinis*, *rudugys*, *viržių*, *sėjos*, *veselinis*, and *vesulis*.
* **spalis** (October) is derived from *spaliai*, flax hards. The plant was harvested at this time; it was and is used for fiber, food, and as a cash crop. The historic names for this month were *vėlinis*, *spalinis*, *lapkristys*, *visagalis*, and *septintinis*.
* **lapkritis** (November) is derived from *lapas*, leaf, and *kristi*, to fall. Its older names include *vėlių*, *vėlius*, *spalinis*, *lapkrėstys*, *lapkristys*, *grodis*, *gruodinis*, and *vilkų*.
* **gruodis** (December) is derived from the noun *gruodas*, which has no direct English equivalent; it may be described as "a frozen clod". Its older names include *sausinis, vilkinis, vilkų*, and *Kalėdų*. Cognate to Polish grudzień and Ukrainian грудень (hruden').

## Days of the week

The days of the week are named in sequence, beginning with Monday. They are *pirmadienis* ("first day"), *antradienis*, *trečiadienis*, *ketvirtadienis*, *penktadienis*, *šeštadienis*, and *sekmadienis*. They are not capitalized.


title: Leon Hill

abstract: Leon Trevor Hill was a cricketer who played first-class cricket for South Australia and Queensland from 1958 to 1963. A number-three batsman and off-spin bowler, Leon Hill began the 1959–60 Sheffield Shield season with a century for South Australia – 100 out of a second innings total of 200 – against Victoria. Later that season he scored 83 and 29 against Queensland. He lost form after that season and moved to Queensland, where he played two first-class matches, then to Victoria. He and his wife Val had a son and a daughter.

text:
# Leon Hill

**Leon Trevor Hill** (28 February 1936 – 22 January 2018) was a cricketer who played first-class cricket for South Australia and Queensland from 1958 to 1963.

A number-three batsman and off-spin bowler, Leon Hill began the 1959–60 Sheffield Shield season with a century for South Australia – 100 out of a second innings total of 200 – against Victoria. Later that season he scored 83 (the side’s top score) and 29 against Queensland. He lost form after that season and moved to Queensland, where he played two first-class matches, then to Victoria.

He and his wife Val had a son and a daughter.

## InfoBox

Leon Hill
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Leon Trevor Hill |
| Born | (1936-02-28)28 February 1936
West Croydon, South Australia, Australia |
| Died | 22 January 2018(2018-01-22) (aged 81)
Prahran, Victoria, Australia |
| Batting | Right-handed |
| Bowling | Right-arm off-spin |
| Domestic team information | |
| Years | Team |
| 1958–59 to 1960–61 | South Australia |
| 1962–63 | Queensland |
|  | |
| Career statistics | |
| Competition First-class  Matches 17  Runs scored 584  Batting average 18.83  100s/50s 1/1  Top score 100  Balls bowled 968  Wickets 8  Bowling average 51.50  5 wickets in innings 0  10 wickets in match 0  Best bowling 2/47  Catches/stumpings 9/0 | |
|  | |
| Source: Cricinfo, 29 August 2018 | |


title: Trechus xiei

abstract: Trechus xiei is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Trechinae. It was described by Deuve in 1992.

text:
# Trechus xiei

***Trechus xiei*** is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Trechinae. It was described by Deuve in 1992.

## InfoBox

| *Trechus xiei* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Carabidae |
| Genus: | *Trechus* |
| Species: | ***T. xiei*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Trechus xiei***<br>Deuve, 1992 | |
|


title: Ole Peter Petersen

abstract: Ole Peter Petersen was a Norwegian-American clergyman. He is credited as the founder of Methodism in Norway and co-founder of Norwegian and Danish Methodism in the United States.

text:
# Ole Peter Petersen

**Ole Peter Petersen** (April 28, 1822  December 20, 1901) was a Norwegian-American clergyman. He is credited as the founder of Methodism in Norway and co-founder of Norwegian and Danish Methodism in the United States.

## Biography

Ole Peter Petersen was born in Fredrikstad, Norway on April 28, 1822. His father, Peder Jørgensen (c. 1775–1826), was a ship's carpenter who went to sea without returning and was presumed dead. His mother, Sophie Cathrine Jensdatter (1791–1830), died when he was six years of age. He was raised as a foster child to a widow Thyre Tønder and her daughter Karine. Raised in a religious household, Petersen had thoughts of becoming a clergyman. However his low social status and lack of opportunity for higher education combined to discourage such a notion.

Petersen opted for the sea instead, leaving Fredrikstad in 1836 at the age of 14. Petersen arrived in the United States in 1844 and sailed a few years on American ships. In 1845, during a stop in Charleston, South Carolina, Petersen heard a series of sermons that brought him to a consciousness awareness of Methodism. He also came into contact with Swedish born pastor Olof Gustaf Hedstrom (1803–1877) who ministered among the sailors from the *Bethel Ship John Wesley*, a former cargo ship in New York Harbor (1845–1875). In 1847, Petersen became a member of the Methodist Church's Bethel Ship Mission in New York and was employed as Pastor Hedstrom's assistant. He subsequently became an ordained pastor.

In the spring of 1849, Petersen returned to Norway where he married Anne Marie Amundsdatter (1818–1883). In April 1850 they traveled to America where Petersen was employed at the Bethel Ship Mission in New York. Ole Peter Petersen first established a Methodist congregation among Norwegian immigrants at Washington Prairie in Iowa during 1852. Washington Prairie Methodist Church located outside Decorah, Iowa is considered the mother church of Norwegian-American Methodism. Petersen later returned to Norway where he established the first Methodist congregation in that country in Sarpsborg during 1856.

In the summer of 1859, Petersen returned to the United States with his wife and four children and worked again at the Bethel Ship Mission in New York. In 1869, he returned to Norway and was the superintendent of the Methodist Church mission. In 1871, Petersen returned to America and worked there for the rest of his life. He died in 1901 after founding a church in Brooklyn, New York. He was buried beside his wife, who died in 1883, and his son at Forest Home Cemetery in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

## Further reading

* Kvernda, Roald (1986) *Seamen's Missions: Their Origin and Early Growth* (Pasadena, CA: William Carey Library) ISBN 9780878084401
* Meistad, Tore (1994) *Methodism as a Carrier of the Holiness Tradition in Norway* (Alta: ALH-forskning) ISBN 978-82-7646-056-8
* Whyman, Henry Clay (1992) *The Hedstroms and the Bethel Ship Saga: Methodist Influence on Swedish Religious Life* (Southern Illinois University Press) ISBN 9780809317622

## InfoBox

| Ole Peter Petersen | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1822-04-28)April 28, 1822
Fredrikstad, Norway |
| Died | December 20, 1901(1901-12-20) (aged 79)
Brooklyn, New York, United States |
| Burial place | Forest Home Cemetery |
| Occupation | Clergyman |
| Spouse | Anne Marie Amundsdatter  (m. 1849; died 1883) |
| Children | 4 |


title: Oxyptilus regulus

abstract: Oxyptilus regulus is a moth of the family Pterophoridae. It is found in Australia, but has recently also been recorded from southern India. Larvae have been recorded feeding on Vitis vinifera.

text:
# Oxyptilus regulus

***Oxyptilus regulus*** (the **grape boring plume moth**) is a moth of the family Pterophoridae. It is found in Australia, but has recently also been recorded from southern India.

Larvae have been recorded feeding on *Vitis vinifera*.

## InfoBox

| *Oxyptilus regulus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Pterophoridae |
| Genus: | *Oxyptilus* |
| Species: | ***O. regulus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Oxyptilus regulus***<br>Meyrick, 1906 | |
|


title: Marlène Rigaud Apollon

abstract: Marlène Rigaud Apollon is a Haitian educator and writer who has been living in the United States since 1964. She was born in Cap-Haïtien and was educated at the Institution du Sacré-Cœur de Turgeau in Port-au-Prince, going on to earn a BA from the University of Maryland and a MS in from Towson University. She has taught French and French literature at the primary, secondary and university levels. Her work has appeared in the periodicals Sapriphage, Utah Foreign Language Review and River City. Her story "Manman pas kite yo koupe janm mwen, Mommy, don’t let them cut my leg" was included in the anthology Haïti Rising (2010).

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# Marlène Rigaud Apollon

**Marlène Rigaud Apollon** (born May 23, 1945) is a Haitian educator and writer who has been living in the United States since 1964.

She was born in Cap-Haïtien and was educated at the Institution du Sacré-Cœur de Turgeau in Port-au-Prince, going on to earn a BA from the University of Maryland and a MS in from Towson University. She has taught French and French literature at the primary, secondary and university levels.

Her work has appeared in the periodicals *Sapriphage*, *Utah Foreign Language Review* and *River City*. Her story "Manman pas kite yo koupe janm mwen, Mommy, don’t let them cut my leg" was included in the anthology *Haïti Rising* (2010).

## Selected works

* *I Want to Dance*, poetry (1996)
* *Si je n’avais que des regrets*, poetry (1997)
* *The Moon’s a Banana, I am me* (1998)
* *Haiti Trivia*,youth non-fiction (1998), in English, French and Creole
* *Haitian Art Trivia*, youth non-fiction (2002), in English and Creole
* *Elle s’appelait Elizabeth: L’histoire de Mère Marie Lange*, biography translated into English as *Her name was Elizabeth: The Story of Mother Mary Lange* (2002)
* *Cris de Colère, Chants d’espoir*, poetry (2007)
* *Louis Mercier, À la Reconquête de l’Idéal haïtien: Une voix d’hier pour aujourd’hui et demain*, biography translated into English as *Louis Mercier, To Reconquer the Haitian Ideal: A Voice from Yesterday for Today and Tomorrow* (2008)


title: Library of Friedrich Nietzsche

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# Library of Friedrich Nietzsche

The German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche owned an extensive private library, which has been preserved after his death. Today this library consists of some 1,100 volumes, of which about 170 contain annotations by him, many of them substantial. However, fewer than half of the books he read are found in his library.

## The Greeks, Hegel and Spinoza

Nietzsche, who had been a student and a professor of philology, had a thorough knowledge of the Greek philosophers. Among modern philosophers, his reading included Kant, Mill and Schopenhauer, who became major targets of criticism in his philosophy. He also mentions reading Hegel at the age of twenty. Late in life he read Spinoza, whom he called his "precursor", in particular for his criticisms of free will, teleology and his thoughts on the role of affects, joy and sadness. Nietzsche, however, opposed Spinoza's theory of *conatus*, for which he substituted the "will to power" (*Wille zur Macht*); and he replaced Spinoza's formula "*Deus sive Natura*" (God or Nature) by "*Chaos sive Natura*".

## Schopenhauer and Mainländer

Philipp Mainländer's *The Philosophy of Redemption*, can still be found in the library. Nietzsche read the work, of which a large part is a criticism of Schopenhauer's metaphysics, while he was parting ways with Schopenhauer. Nietzsche kept an interest for the philosopher: among his books was *Mainländer, a new Messiah*, written by Max Seiling, published a decade later.

## French theorists and novelists

Nietzsche admired Montaigne, as well as the French moralists of the 17th century such as La Rochefoucauld, La Bruyère and Vauvenargues, whose books he received from his sister in 1869. He also admired Pascal, Voltaire, and, most of all, Stendhal. He also read Eduard von Hartmann's "Philosophy of the Unconscious", and alludes to it in some of his works. Nietzsche read in 1883 Paul Bourget's *Essais de psychologie contemporaine*, from which he borrowed the French term *décadence*. Bourget had an organicist conception of society. Nietzsche had already encountered organicist theories in Rudolf Virchow's *Die Cellularpathologie* (1858) and in Alfred Espinas's *Des sociétés animales* (1887; *Die thierischen Gesellschaften*, Braunschweig, 1879). Nietzsche's 1888 notebooks also contain references to Victor Brochard's *Les Sceptiques grecs* (1887); to Charles Féré, who had concerns about "degeneration" issues; and to Louis Jacolliot's *Les Lois de Manou*, which became for Nietzsche the "classical \[case\] of *pia fraus*, the *pious lie* of religion" In his notebooks, Nietzsche copied several passages of Féré, later included, without quotation marks, in *The Will to Power* published by Elisabeth Förster-Nietzsche and Peter Gast. Finally, Wolfgang Müller-Lauter showed that Nietzsche also read the embryologist Wilhelm Roux. In a letter of 26 February 1888 to Peter Gast, Nietzsche mentions his reading of the posthumous works of Charles Baudelaire (published in 1887).

## Darwinism

Nietzsche also became familiar with Darwinism through his early reading of Friedrich Albert Lange's *Geschichte des Materialismus* (1865), which criticized Darwin's gradualism. Lange alluded to Stirner in this book, whom he (incorrectly) identified with Schopenhauerian positions. He also mentioned Blanqui's *L'Eternité par les astres*, which discussed the thesis of an eternal return. Besides Lange, he read the anti-Darwinist botanist Carl Nägeli's *Mechanisch-physiologische Theorie der Abstammungslehre* (1884) in the period of *Beyond Good and Evil*, which became his main source concerning physiology. Nietzsche targeted Social Darwinism, in particular Herbert Spencer, John Stuart Mill and David Strauss (he read all of them, and titled the first *Untimely Meditation* "David Strauss: the Confessor and the Writer").

## Tolstoy and Biblical focused works

He also read Tolstoy's *My Religion* (Paris, 1885), the Jewish historian Julius Wellhausen on Arab antiquities and his *Prolegomena zur Geschichte Israels* (Berlin, 1882), the first volume of the *Journal* of the Goncourt brothers, thoughts of Benjamin Constant on German theater, Ernest Renan's *Life of Jesus* — whom he opposed —, and Dostoevsky's *The Possessed* (Paris, 1886 – read in 1887). Julius Wellhausen became famous for his critical investigations into Old Testament history and into the composition of the *Hexateuch*, the uncompromising scientific attitude he adopted in testing its problems bringing him into antagonism with the older school of biblical interpreters. He became arguably best known for the Documentary hypothesis on the origin of the Pentateuch. Wellhausen influenced Nietzsche in his writing of *The Antichrist* and in his musings on the internal discrepancies of the Bible.

## Emerson

Nietzsche was also an admirer and frequent reader of Ralph Waldo Emerson.


title: Wygoda, Kalisz County

abstract: Wygoda is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lisków, within Kalisz County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It is located approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) north-west of Lisków, 23 km (14 mi) north-east of Kalisz, and 117 km (73 mi) south-east of the regional capital Poznań.

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# Wygoda, Kalisz County

**Wygoda** \[vɨˈɡɔda\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lisków, within Kalisz County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It is located approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) north-west of Lisków, 23 km (14 mi) north-east of Kalisz, and 117 km (73 mi) south-east of the regional capital Poznań.

## InfoBox

| Wygoda | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Wygoda | |
| Coordinates: 51°51′N 18°22′E / 51.850°N 18.367°E / 51.850; 18.367 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Greater Poland |
| County | Kalisz |
| Gmina | Lisków |


title: Lenny Lake

abstract: Lenny Lake is a Saint Kitts and Nevis professional football manager. In 2004 and from October 2008 to August 2010 he coached the Saint Kitts and Nevis national football team.

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# Lenny Lake

**Lenny Lake** is a Saint Kitts and Nevis professional football manager.

In 2004 and from October 2008 to August 2010 he coached the Saint Kitts and Nevis national football team.

## InfoBox

Lenny Lake
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Place of birth | Saint Kitts and Nevis | | |
| Managerial career | | | |
| Years | **Team** | | |
| 2004 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | | |
| 2008–2010 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | | |