title: UBA Pro Basketball League

abstract: The United Basketball Alliance (UBA) was the first men’s professional basketball league in India, comprising eight teams. The UBA was headquartered in Pune and had a city team, Pune Peshwas. The first UBA match was played on 17 July 2015 at Gachibowli Indoor Stadium, Hyderabad between Bengaluru Beast and Pune Peshwas. The match was won by Pune Peshwas as they pulled out an 88-81 win. This marked the first time a professional basketball league tipped off in India. The league played out between 2015 and 2017. However, the Basketball Federation of India did not invite UBA players for national and international tournaments. UBA was replaced by Elite Pro Basketball League in 2022.

text:
# UBA Pro Basketball League

The United Basketball Alliance (**UBA**) was the first men’s professional basketball league in India, comprising eight teams. The UBA was headquartered in Pune and had a city team, Pune Peshwas. The first UBA match was played on 17 July 2015 at Gachibowli Indoor Stadium, Hyderabad between Bengaluru Beast and Pune Peshwas. The match was won by Pune Peshwas as they pulled out an 88-81 win. This marked the first time a professional basketball league tipped off in India.

The league played out between 2015 and 2017. However, the Basketball Federation of India did not invite UBA players for national and international tournaments. UBA was replaced by Elite Pro Basketball League in 2022.

## Teams

The UBA comprised eight teams which competed across two divisions: Mumbai Challengers, Delhi Capitals, Punjab Steelers and Haryana Gold in the North Division, while Chennai Slam, Pune Peshwas, Bengaluru Beast and Hyderabad Sky made the South Division.

## Seasons

### Season 1

UBA season 1 was held during 17–30 July 2015 at Gachibowli Indoor Stadium, Hyderabad, Telangana. Chennai Slam won the UBA Championship in Season 1. Ravi Bhardwaj (Punjab Steelers) was the MVP of UBA season 1, averaging 20.3 points per game.

Each team played six games in the regular season. After the regular season, the team leading their division faced the runners-up from the other division for the semi-finals.

### Season 2

UBA Season 2 was held in two legs. The first leg was during 18–28 February 2016 in Balewadi Stadium, Pune, Maharashtra. The second leg was held from 23 March to 3 April 2016 at Gachibowli Indoor Stadium, Hyderabad, Telangana. Delhi Capitas bested Chennai Slam in a 3-game finals series to claim the title of season 2. Vinay Kaushik (Delhi Capitals) was awarded MVP honors, averaging 18.7 points per game.

Each team played seven games in the regular season. Five games were played in the first leg in Pune. Hyderabad leg saw the teams play two regular season games in addition to the postseason. Season 2 postseason included a play-in game for each division to determine semi-finalists between the 2nd and 3rd place team. The semifinals and finals were best-of-three series.

### Season 3

UBA Season 3 was held in Balewadi Stadium, Pune, Maharashtra from 15 to 31 July 2016. The season 3 championship was won by Chennai Slam after they defeated Punjab Steelers in three games. Narender Grewal (Pune Peshwas) won MVP honors, averaging 31.8 points per game. Each team played 4 games in the regular season, including cross-division matches. The post-season saw a play-in game for each division and best of three semifinals and finals series.

### Season 4

UBA season 4 was held in two legs, with the first leg being held at Sathyabama University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, and the second leg at Dr Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Indoor Stadium, Goa. Season 4 championship was won by Mumbai Challengers as they bested Bengaluru Beast in two games in the best of three finals series. Vishesh Bhriguvanshi (Bengaluru Beast) won Indian MVP honors, averaging 28.3 points per game and Dermaine Crockrell (Punjab Steelers) won International MVP honors, with a league-leading 41.2 points per game. The postseason saw a play-in game for each division and a best of three semifinals and finals series. The teams played six games each in the regular season within their division. The postseason saw a play-in game for each division and best of three semifinal and final series.

## Playoffs

### Season 1

UBA season 1 semifinals involved Pune Peshwas, Haryana Gold, Chennai Slam and Punjab Steelers. Haryana Gold faced Pune Peshwas and Chennai Slam faced Punjab Steelers for the other semifinals. Pune defeated Haryana (81-80) and Chennai overcame Punjab (92-77). In the one-game final, Chennai defeated Pune (81-49). This marked the first and only time that two teams from the same division faced each other in the finals.

### Season 2

UBA season 2 playoffs saw the division leaders Delhi Capitals (North) and Chennai Slam (South) book their places in the semifinals series. In the North Division, Mumbai Challengers eliminated Punjab Steelers (78-76) in a knockout play-in game for a semifinal berth against Delhi Capitals. South Division play-in game saw Pune Peshwas edge out Bengaluru Beast (79-73) for a semifinal matchup with Chennai Slam.

The semifinal and final series were best of three contests each. North Division semifinals saw Delhi Capitals drop their first game (75-69) to Mumbai Challengers but they rallied and won the next two matches (72-61 and 78-69) to go through to the finals series. In the South Division, Chennai Slam won the opening match vs Pune Peshwas (88-72), dropped the next one (73-71) before decisively pulling away with a win in the third match (97-76) to set up a date with Delhi Capitals in the finals series.

The final series saw Chennai Slam take a 1-0 lead over Delhi Capitals with a 77-62 win. Delhi Capitals once again rallied and won the next two games (77-67 and 92-65) to win their first UBA Championship.

### Season 3

UBA season 3 saw Punjab Steelers (North) and Chennai Slam (South) finish at the top of the table in the regular season to book semifinal berths. The other two semifinal berths went to Haryana Gold and Pune Peshwas. Haryana Gold won the North Division play-in game against Mumbai Challengers (97-91), while Pune Peshwas defeated Hyderabad Sky (101-94) in the South Division play-in game to book semifinal berths.

The semifinal and final were played in a best of three formats. In the North Division semifinals series, Punjab Steelers mounted a 14-point comeback in the first game and defeated Haryana Gold (98-91). They won their next game (106-97) to make it to the finals series. In the South Division semifinals series, Chennai Slam defeated Pune Peshwas in two games (98-91 and 97-79) to face Punjab Steelers in finals. The finals series went the distance to three games, with Chennai Slam winning the first match (101-83) after overcoming an 11-point deficit. Punjab Steelers took the second game (83-81), but Chennai Slam took the crown with a (69-59) win in the third and decisive game to win their second UBA championship.

### Season 4

UBA season 4 had Mumbai Challengers (North) and Pune Peshwas (South) finish at the top of the table in the regular season, earning them semifinal berths. Punjab Steelers and Bengaluru Beast won the other two semifinal berths. Punjab Steelers toppled Delhi Capitals (102-92) in the North Division play-in game, and Bengaluru Beast defeated Hyderabad Sky (116-113) in the South Division play-in game to set up the semifinal showdown.

In the semifinal series, Mumbai Challengers defeated Punjab Steelers in two games (128-114 and 120-104), while Bengaluru Beast put Pune Peshwas away in two games as well (138-133 and 113-107). Mumbai Challengers needed just two games to come out on top of Bengaluru Beast (winning 110-95 and 118-105) as they won their first UBA Championship.

## List of champions

| Year | Season | Champions | Result | Runners-up | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2015 | 1 | Chennai Slam | 1–0 | Pune Peshwas |  |
| 2016 | 2 | Delhi Capitals | 2–1 | Chennai Slam |  |
| 2016 | 3 | Chennai Slam | 2–1 | Punjab Steelers |  |
| 2017 | 4 | Mumbai Challengers | 2–0 | Bengaluru Beast |  |

## UBA U.S. pro training camps

UBA has conducted three UBA U.S. pro training camps thus far. The camps were held in Phoenix, Arizona. The camps were designed to expose the best players in India to world class training, facilities and competition. They underwent intense training sessions including four hours of basketball training and two hours of strength and conditioning training every day. The players also got an opportunity to engage in team building activities and fun excursions. The goal of the cap was to inculcate habits in the players which they carry back with them and imbibe in their daily routines to elevate their game higher.

Speaking about the UBA U.S. pro training camp, UBA CEO Tommy Fisher had said: "I think the most important thing is pushing the boys of India to a higher level of competition than they’ve probably been able to achieve. The one thing that we have that I see is there’s heart and there’s effort and these players of India want to become better. They listen when the coaches talk to them. They want to become better basketball players. And so, we’re starting at something that’s pure that hopefully, we can make great."

The exercise drills have been specially designed by Keith Wilson, head performance coach at Pro Advantage Systems in Phoenix. He’s designed the exercises with the express intent to improve the attributes of the players and condition them for improved performance on the basketball court. He had said: "I like to teach as I train so I want to educate them. Everything I do with someone I have a reason for it. So, every athlete I work with, I don’t just arbitrarily throw something in their program. I can explain everything and that’s what I’ve tried to do during this training process so they can understand what I’m trying to accomplish with them."

The first UBA U.S. pro training camp was held in November 2015. The following players were selected to participate in the 1st camp: Ajinkya Mehta (Pune Peshwas), Gurvinder Singh Gill (Punjab Steelers), Jagdeep Bains (Mumbai Challengers), Kaif Zia (Bengaluru Beast), Ram Kumar (Chennai Slam), Ravi Bhardwaj (Punjab Steelers), Taj Sandhu (Punjab Steelers), Vijay (Pune Peshwas) and Yudhvir (Delhi Capitals)

The second UBA U.S. pro training camp was held in December 2016. It was attended by Akashdeep Hazra (Haryana Gold), Dildar Brar (Mumbai Challengers), Gurvinder Singh "Garry" Gill (Punjab Steelers), Gaurav Ohlan (Pune Peshwas), Himanshu Sharma (Haryana Gold), Jairam Jat (Chennai Slam), Mahesh Padmanabhan (Hyderabad Sky), Ajinkya Mane (Pune Peshwas), Manu Thomas (Hyderabad Sky), Nikhil (Mumbai Challengers), Prudhvi Reddy (Mumbai Challengers), Siddhant Shinde (Pune Peshwas), Taj Sandhu (Punjab Steelers) and Vikas Mor (Haryana Gold). The players also had an opportunity to attend an NBA game between Phoenix Suns and New York Knicks.

The 3rd UBA U.S. pro training camp was held in December 2017. It was attended by Satnam Singh (1st Indian drafted in NBA), Garry Gill (Punjab Steelers), Jagdeep Bains (Mumbai Challengers), Khushmeet Singh Atwal (Bengaluru Beast), Loveneet Singh Atwal (Bengaluru Beast), Ajinkya Mane (Pune Peshwas), Narender Grewal (Pune Peshwas), Nikhil Dahiya (Mumbai Challengers), Palpreet Brar (Bengaluru Beast), Prudhvi Reddy (Mumbai Challengers), Siddhant Shinde (Pune Peshwas) and Yadwinder Singh (Haryana Gold). In addition to these 12 players, the camp was attended by Indian origin players from abroad along with players from USA and Canada.

## InfoBox

UBA Pro Basketball League
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Sport | Basketball |
| Founded | 2015 |
| First season | 2015 |
| Ceased | 2017 |
| Replaced by | Elite Pro Basketball League |
| CEO | Tommy Fisher |
| No. of teams | 8 |
| Country | India |
| Last
champion(s) | Mumbai Challengers (1st title)
(2017) |
| Most titles | Chennai Slam (2 titles) |
| TV partner(s) | **India**: |


title: Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum

abstract: Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum is a species of orchid ranging from Assam to southern China.

text:
# Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum

***Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum*** is a species of orchid ranging from Assam to southern China.

## InfoBox

| *Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Flower of *Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Orchidaceae |
| Subfamily: | Cypripedioideae |
| Genus: | *Paphiopedilum* |
| Species: | ***P. hirsutissimum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum***<br>(Lindl. ex Hook.) Stein | |
|
| Synonyms | |
|  | |


title: The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers

abstract: The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers: Economic Change and Military Conflict from 1500 to 2000, by Paul Kennedy, first published in 1987, explores the politics and economics of the Great Powers from 1500 to 1980 and the reason for their decline. It then continues by forecasting the positions of China, Japan, the European Economic Community (EEC), the Soviet Union and the United States through the end of the 20th century.

text:
# The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers

***The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers: Economic Change and Military Conflict from 1500 to 2000***, by Paul Kennedy, first published in 1987, explores the politics and economics of the Great Powers from 1500 to 1980 and the reason for their decline. It then continues by forecasting the positions of China, Japan, the European Economic Community (EEC), the Soviet Union and the United States through the end of the 20th century.

## Summary

Kennedy argues that the strength of a Great Power can be properly measured only relative to other powers, and he provides a straightforward thesis: Great Power ascendancy (over the long term or in specific conflicts) correlates strongly to available resources and economic durability; military overstretch and a concomitant relative decline are the consistent threats facing powers whose ambitions and security requirements are greater than their resource base can provide for.

Throughout the book he reiterates his early statement (page 71): "Military and naval endeavors may not always have been the *raison d'être* of the new nations-states, but it certainly was their most expensive and pressing activity", and it remains such until the power's decline. He concludes that declining countries can experience greater difficulties in balancing their preferences for guns, butter and investments.

Kennedy states his theory in the second paragraph of the introduction as follows:

> The "military conflict" referred to in the book's subtitle is therefore always examined in the context of "economic change". The triumph of any one Great Power in this period, or the collapse of another, has usually been the consequence of lengthy fighting by its armed forces; but it has also been the consequences of the more or less efficient utilization of the state's productive economic resources in wartime, and, further in the background, of the way in which that state's economy had been rising or falling, *relative* to the other leading nations, in the decades preceding the actual conflict. For that reason, how a Great Power's position steadily alters in peacetime, is as important to this study as how it fights in wartime.

Kennedy adds on the same page:

> The relative strengths of the leading nations in world affairs never remain constant, principally because of the uneven rate of growth among different societies and of the technological and organizational breakthroughs which bring a greater advantage to one society than to another.

### Early modern era

The book starts at the dividing line between the Renaissance and early modern history—1500 (chapter 1). It briefly discusses the Ming (page 4) and Muslim worlds (page 9) of the time and the rise of the western powers relative to them (page 16). The book then proceeds chronologically, looking at each of the power shifts over time and the effect on other Great Powers and the "Middle Powers".

Kennedy uses a number of measures to indicate real, relative and potential strength of nations throughout the book. He changes the metric of power based on the point in time. Chapter 2, "The Habsburg Bid for Mastery, 1519–1659" emphasizes the role of the "manpower revolution" in changing the way Europeans fought wars (see military revolution). This chapter also emphasizes the importance of Europe's political boundaries in shaping a political balance of power.

> The argument in this chapter is not, therefore, that the Habsburgs failed utterly to do what other powers achieved so brilliantly. There are no stunning contrasts in evidence here; success and failure are to be measured by very narrow differences. All states, even the United Provinces, were placed under severe strain by the constant drain of resources for military and naval campaigns... The victory of the anti-Habsburg forces was, then, a marginal and relative one. They had managed, but only just, to maintain the balance between their material base and their military power better than their Habsburg opponents. (page 72)

### European imperialism

The Habsburg failure segues into the thesis of chapter 3, that financial power reigned between 1660 and 1815, using Britain, France, Prussia, Austria-Hungary, and Russia to contrast between powers that could finance their wars (Britain and France) and powers that needed financial patronage to mobilize and maintain a major military force on the field. Kennedy presents a table (page 81, table 2) of "British Wartime Expenditures and Revenue"; between 1688 and 1815 is especially illustrative, showing that Britain was able to maintain loans at around one-third of British wartime expenditures throughout that period

* Total wartime expenditures, 1688–1815: 2,293,483,437
* Total income: £1,622,924,377
* Balance raised by loans: £670,559,060
* Loans as per cent of expenditure: 33.3%

The chapter also argues that British financial strength was the single most decisive factor in its victories over France during the 18th century. This chapter ends on the Napoleonic Wars and the fusion of British financial strength with a newfound industrial strength.

### Industrial Revolution

Kennedy's next two chapters depend greatly upon Bairoch's calculations of industrialization, measuring all nations by an index, where 100 is the British per capita industrialization rate in 1900. The United Kingdom grows from 10 in 1750, to 16 in 1800, 25 in 1830, 64 in 1860, 87 in 1880, to 100 in 1900 (page 149). In contrast, France's per capita industrialization was 9 in 1750, 9 in 1800, 12 in 1830, 20 in 1860, 28 in 1880, and 39 in 1900. Relative shares of world manufacturing output (also first appearing on page 149) are used to estimate the peaks and troughs of power for major states. China, for example, begins with 32.8% of global manufacturing in 1750 and plummets after the First Opium War, Second Opium War and Taiping Rebellion to 19.7% of global manufacturing in 1860, and 12.5% in 1880 (compared to the UK's 1.9% in 1750, growing to 19.9% in 1860, and 22.9% in 1880).

### 20th century

Measures of strength in the 20th century (pages 199–203) use population size, urbanization rates, Bairoch's per capita levels of industrialization, iron and steel production, energy consumption (measured in millions of metric tons of coal equivalent), and total industrial output of the powers (measured against Britain's 1900 figure of 100), to gauge the strength of the various great powers.

Kennedy also emphasizes productivity increase, based on systematic interventions, which led to economic growth and prosperity for great powers in the 20th century.

He compares the great powers at the close of the 20th century. Kennedy predicts the decline of the United States and the Soviet Union. Kennedy predicts the rise of Japan and struggles and potential for the European Economic Community (EEC). Kennedy predicts the rise of China, stating that if kept up, its economic development would change the country in decades and it would become a great power. He highlights the precedent of the Four Modernizations in Deng Xiaoping's plans for China—agriculture, industry, science and military—de-emphasizing military, while the United States and Soviet Union are emphasizing it. He predicts that continued deficit spending, especially on military build-up, will be the single most important reason for decline of any great power.

### The United States

From the Civil War to the first half of the 20th century, the United States' economy benefited from high agricultural production, plentiful raw materials, technological advancements and financial inflows. During this time the U.S. did not have to contend with foreign dangers. From 1860 to 1914, U.S. exports increased sevenfold, resulting in huge trade surpluses. By 1945 the U.S. both enjoyed high productivity and was the only major industrialized nation intact after World War II. From the 1960s onward, the U.S. saw a relative decline in its share of world production and trade. By the 1980s, the U.S. experienced declining exports of agricultural and manufactured goods. In the space of a few years, the U.S. went from being the largest creditor to the largest debtor nation. At the same time, the federal debt was growing at an increasing pace. This situation is typical of declining hegemons.

The United States has the typical problems of a great power, which include balancing guns and butter and investments for economic growth. The U.S.' growing military commitment to every continent (other than Antarctica) and the growing cost of military hardware severely limit available options. Kennedy compares the U.S.' situation to Great Britain's prior to World War I. He comments that the map of U.S. bases is similar to Great Britain's before World War I.

As military expenses grow, this reduces investments in economic growth, which eventually "leads to the downward spiral of slower growth, heavier taxes, deepening domestic splits over spending priorities, and weakening capacity to bear the burdens of defense". Kennedy's advice is as follows:

> The task facing American statesmen over the next decades, therefore, is to recognize that broad trends are under way, and that there is a need to "manage" affairs so that the relative erosion of the United States' position takes place slowly and smoothly, and is not accelerated by policies which bring merely short-term advantage but longer-term disadvantage.

## Table of contents

* Strategy and Economics in the Preindustrial World
    + The Rise of the Western World
    + The Habsburg Bid for Mastery, 1519–1659
    + Finance, Geography, and the Winning of Wars, 1660–1815
* Strategy and Economics in the Industrial Era
    + Industrialization and the Shifting Global Balances, 1815–1885
    + The Coming of a Bipolar World and the Crisis of the "Middle Powers": Part One, 1885–1918
    + The Coming of a Bipolar World and the Crisis of the "Middle Powers": Part Two, 1919–1942
* Strategy and Economics Today and Tomorrow
    + Stability and Change in a Bipolar World, 1943–1980
    + To the Twenty-first Century

### Maps, tables and charts

The book has twelve maps, forty-nine tables and three charts to assist the reader in understanding the text.

## Publication data

*The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers* is the eighth and best-known book by historian Paul Kennedy. It reached number six on the list of best-selling hardcover books for 1988. In 1988 the author was awarded the Wolfson History Prize for this work.

Republished: January 1989, Paperback, ISBN 0-679-72019-7, 704 pages

## InfoBox

The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Paul Kennedy |
| Language | English |
| Genre | Economics, history |
| Publisher | Random House |
| Publication date | 1987 |
| Publication place | United States |
| Media type | Print (hardcover) |
| Pages | 677 |
| ISBN | 0-394-54674-1 |
| OCLC | 15594794 |
| Dewey Decimal | 909.82 19 |
| LC Class | D210 .K46 1987 |


title: Loel Passe

abstract: Loel Elijah Passe was an American sports broadcaster. After working for a radio station in Alabama, Passe was a baseball play-by-play announcer for the minor league Houston Buffaloes beginning in 1950. When Houston was awarded a major league franchise, the Houston Colt.45s, Passe was one of the team's broadcasters from 1962 to 1976.

text:
# Loel Passe

**Loel Elijah Passe** (/ˈləl ˈpæs/; May 29, 1917 – July 15, 1997) was an American sports broadcaster.

After working for a radio station in Alabama, Passe was a baseball play-by-play announcer for the minor league Houston Buffaloes beginning in 1950. When Houston was awarded a major league franchise, the Houston Colt .45s (later renamed the Houston Astros), Passe was one of the team's broadcasters from 1962 to 1976.

## Biography

Passe had worked in radio in Birmingham since at least 1944. Roy Hofheinz owned several radio stations in the American South, including the Birmingham station that employed Passe. In 1950, Hofheinz hired Passe to broadcast for the Houston Buffaloes, a minor league baseball team.

When Houston received the expansion Colt .45s in 1962, Passe was one of the major league team's original broadcasters, joined by Gene Elston and Al Helfer. While Helfer only spent one season in Houston, Passe was partnered with Gene Elston from 1962 to 1976. In a 1971 *Sports Illustrated* article, Passe said that he preferred the rare televised game to his radio work, but he affirmed his love for broadcasting, saying, "When you love baseball the way I do and broadcast major league games from the great cities of the country—man, that's living."

While Elston was calm and neutral in the broadcast booth, Passe impartially cheered on the Astros, even when the team was not having a good season. After a nice Astros play, Passe was known to use colorful phrases such as "Now you're chunkin', in there, pardner!" and "Hot ziggety dog and good ole' sassafras tea!" During away games, the Astros Spanish-language broadcasts were not live, as broadcaster René Cárdenas simply listened to the English broadcasts and translated them. Cárdenas said that Passe spoke such non-standard English that his words often could not be intelligibly translated into Spanish.

Passe did not miss a game during his tenure with the Astros. He remained on the Astros broadcasting team until 1976. After leaving baseball, Passe was vice president of Osborne International, a freight company. He died of cancer at his Houston home on July 15, 1997. He was buried at Forest Park Westheimer in Houston. Passe was posthumously inducted into the Texas Radio Hall of Fame.

## InfoBox

| Loel Passe | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | Loel Elijah Passe
(1917-05-29)May 29, 1917
Aldridge, Alabama, U.S. |
| Died | July 15, 1997(1997-07-15) (aged 80)
Houston, Texas, U.S. |
| **Sports commentary career** | |
| Team | Houston Colt .45s/Astros (1962–76) |
| Genre | Play-by-play |
| Sport | Major League Baseball |
|  | |


title: Pogrodzie

abstract: Pogrodzie is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tolkmicko, within Elbląg County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) south-east of Tolkmicko, 26 km (16 mi) north-east of Elbląg, and 82 km (51 mi) north-west of the regional capital Olsztyn.

text:
# Pogrodzie

**Pogrodzie** \[pɔˈɡrɔd͡ʑɛ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tolkmicko, within Elbląg County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) south-east of Tolkmicko, 26 km (16 mi) north-east of Elbląg, and 82 km (51 mi) north-west of the regional capital Olsztyn.

## InfoBox

| Pogrodzie | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Pogrodzie | |
| Coordinates: 54°17′22″N 19°35′59″E / 54.28944°N 19.59972°E / 54.28944; 19.59972 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Warmian-Masurian |
| County | Elbląg |
| Gmina | Tolkmicko |
| Population | 660 |
| Website | www.pogrodzie.pl |


title: Wangchuk Namgyal

abstract: Chogyal Wangchuk Tenzing Namgyal is the second son of Palden Thondup Namgyal, the last sovereign king of Sikkim. Educated at Harrow, he is also the present heir of the Namgyal dynasty and pretender to the throne of Sikkim. On February 19, 1982, following the death of his father, he was crowned at Tsuklakhang Palace. The Government of India did not recognize this coronation, though the 3rd Chief Minister of Sikkim, B. B. Gurung, recognized him as the 13th Chogyal. Namgyal subsequently became a monastic recluse. On May 22, 2023, he joined the grand celebration of the last Chogyal Palden Thondup Namgyal's 100th birth anniversary in Gangtok.

text:
# Wangchuk Namgyal

Chogyal **Wangchuk Tenzing Namgyal** (Sikkimese: སྟོབས་རྒྱལ་དབང་ཕྱུག་བསྟན་འཛིན་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་; Wylie:  *stobs-rgyal dbang-phyug bstan-'dzin rnam-rgyal*; born 1 April 1953) is the second son of Palden Thondup Namgyal, the last sovereign king of Sikkim. Educated at Harrow, he is also the present heir of the Namgyal dynasty and pretender to the throne of Sikkim.

On February 19, 1982, following the death of his father, he was crowned at Tsuklakhang Palace. The Government of India did not recognize this coronation, though the 3rd Chief Minister of Sikkim, B. B. Gurung, recognized him as the 13th Chogyal. Namgyal subsequently became a monastic recluse. On May 22, 2023, he joined the grand celebration of the last Chogyal Palden Thondup Namgyal's 100th birth anniversary in Gangtok.

## Honours

## Ancestry

## InfoBox

| Tobgyal Wangchuk Tenzing Namgyal | |
| --- | --- |
| Wangchuk Namgyal (right) | |
| Head of the Royal House of Sikkim | |
| Tenure | 29 January 1982 – present |
| Predecessor | Palden Thondup Namgyal |
|  | |
| Born | (1953-04-01) 1 April 1953<br>Gangtok, Kingdom of Sikkim |
| Dynasty | Namgyal |
| Father | Palden Thondup Namgyal |
| Mother | Samyo Kushoe Sangideki |
| Religion | Buddhism |


title: Villieria

abstract: Villieria is a suburb in the northern region of Pretoria. It is bordered by Rietfontein in the north-west and Queenswood in the south-east. The postal code is 0186.

text:
# Villieria

**Villieria** is a suburb in the northern region of Pretoria. It is bordered by Rietfontein in the north-west and Queenswood in the south-east. The postal code is 0186.

## History

Its name comes from **Elizabeth "Bettie" de Villiers**, the maiden name of the wife of Gideon P. Retief von Wielligh. Von Wielligh was Surveyor-General of the South African Republic and he lived on his estate in Villieria between 1885 and 1898 with his wife and children. Elizabeth was the daughter of Jan S. de Villiers, one of the first music professors when the Cape was colonized, and grand-daughter of G.W.A. van der Linger, the first theology professor. She separated from her husband in August 1899, and they were divorced in 1904. The Von Wielligh and Retief Streets in Pretoria West are named after her husband.

Originally a European settlement it was laid out in 1896 on what had been the Rietfontein farm. Von Wielligh had bought it in 1885 and called it Villieria farm, cultivating bees there from 1894 to 1895, but by 1895 had lost his job and was heavily in debt. The farm having been plundered during the Anglo-Boer War whilst von Wielligh was imprisoned by the British in Pretoria, it was broken up into town plots and was turned into a suburb of Pretoria.

For a while, beginning in 1907, it along with several other later-to-be suburbs was part of the separate municipality of Innesdale, before becoming a part of Pretoria proper in 1931.

## Residential explosion

On 10 October 2000 an explosion occurred in Villeria, at the house of Derrick Barrett who worked for a rock-blasting company. It killed four people, including Barret's wife Louisa, his neighbour Hans Werner, and a gardner George Makhubela; and it critically injured two others, including Barrett's then secretary Marlene van Niekerk. Three houses were destroyed in the blast and a further six were declared unsafe. Barrett was arrested soon thereafter, but after a lengthy court process that included his being found guilty in April 2003, appeals postponed his sentencing to 2005, then to 2007 and 2009. His son tried to take the blame in 2010, but Barrett was finally jailed on 22 February 2011 for manslaughter and possession of explosives on an unlicensed premises.

### Sources

## InfoBox

| Villieria | |
| --- | --- |
| Villieria seen near the horizon | |
| VillieriaVillieriaVillieria | |
| Coordinates: 25°43′06″S 28°14′44″E / 25.718203°S 28.245436°E / -25.718203; 28.245436 (SAPS Villieria) | |
| Country | South Africa |
| Province | Gauteng |
| Municipality | Tshwane |
| Main Place | Pretoria |
| Area | |
| Land | 5.66 km2 (2.19 sq mi) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 14,312 |
| Demonym | Villierian |
| Time zone | UTC+2 |
| Postal Code | 0186 |


title: Long Goodbye: A Tribute to Don Pullen

abstract: Long Goodbye: A Tribute to Don Pullen is an album by David Murray, released on the Japanese DIW label. Recorded in 1996 and released in 1998, the album contains performances by Murray, pianist D.D. Jackson, bassist Santi Debriano, and drummer J. T. Lewis, in tribute to Don Pullen. The liner notes were penned by Jackson.

text:
# Long Goodbye: A Tribute to Don Pullen

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |

***Long Goodbye: A Tribute to Don Pullen*** is an album by David Murray, released on the Japanese DIW label. Recorded in 1996 and released in 1998, the album contains performances by Murray, pianist D.D. Jackson, bassist Santi Debriano, and drummer J. T. Lewis, in tribute to Don Pullen. The liner notes were penned by Jackson.

## Critical reception

*The Village Voice* wrote that "despite some rousing passages, this is becalming and elegiac, a fitting companion to Pullen’s own *Ode to Life*."

## Track listing

All compositions by Don Pullen except where noted.

1. "Gratitude" – 7:52
2. "Resting on the Road" – 10:29
3. "Out of a Storm" (Jackson) – 8:38
4. "El Matador" – 4:32
5. "Easy Alice" (Jackson) – 8:10
6. "Long Goodbye" (Morris) – 8:00
7. "Common Ground" – 7:54

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| Long Goodbye: A Tribute to Don Pullen | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by David Murray | |
| Released | 1998 |
| Recorded | 30 September – 1 October 1996 |
| Genre | Jazz |
| Length | 55:36 |
| Label | DIW |
| Producer | Kazunori Sugiyama |
| David Murray chronology | |
| *Dark Star: The Music of the Grateful Dead*
(1996) ***Long Goodbye: A Tribute to Don Pullen***
(1998) *Fo Deuk Revue*
(1997) | |


title: Maestlin (crater)

abstract: Maestlin is a small, bowl-shaped impact crater located near the eastern edge of the lunar Oceanus Procellarum. It was named after German mathematician Michael Maestlin. To the east lies the crater Encke and to the northeast is Kepler. Just to the southeast of Maestlin is the curved, ridge-like remains of Maestlin R, a walled plain that has been almost completed submerged by the mare. South of this feature is a system of linear rilles named Rimae Maestlin. The mare surface around Maestlin is dusted with ray material from Kepler.

text:
# Maestlin (crater)

**Maestlin** is a small, bowl-shaped impact crater located near the eastern edge of the lunar Oceanus Procellarum. It was named after German mathematician Michael Maestlin. To the east lies the crater Encke and to the northeast is Kepler. Just to the southeast of Maestlin is the curved, ridge-like remains of Maestlin R, a walled plain that has been almost completed submerged by the mare. South of this feature is a system of linear rilles named Rimae Maestlin. The mare surface around Maestlin is dusted with ray material from Kepler.

## Satellite craters

By convention these features are identified on Lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Maestlin.

| Maestlin | Latitude | Longitude | Diameter |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| G | 2.0° N | 42.1° W | 4 km |
| H | 4.7° N | 43.5° W | 7 km |
| R | 3.5° N | 41.5° W | 61 km |

## InfoBox

Maestlin
| Lunar Orbiter 4 image | |
| --- | --- |
| Coordinates | 4°54′N 40°36′W / 4.9°N 40.6°W / 4.9; -40.6 |
| Diameter | 7 km |
| Depth | 1.6 km |
| Colongitude | 41° at sunrise |
| Eponym | Michael Maestlin |


title: Paphiopedilum insigne

abstract: Paphiopedilum insigne is an Asian species of slipper orchid and the type species of the genus Paphiopedilum. Its name is derived from the Latin insigne, meaning 'badge of honor' due to the magnificent flower. In the 19th century it was very popular among European and American orchid growers, causing it to become very rare in the wild due to over collecting. There are many varieties of it and hybrids with it.

text:
# Paphiopedilum insigne

***Paphiopedilum insigne*** is an Asian species of slipper orchid and the type species of the genus *Paphiopedilum*. Its name is derived from the Latin *insigne*, meaning 'badge of honor' due to the magnificent flower. In the 19th century it was very popular among European and American orchid growers, causing it to become very rare in the wild due to over collecting. There are many varieties of it and hybrids with it.

## Description

Terrestrial herb. Leaves 5–6, up to 32 cm long, 2.5–3 cm wide, leathery, ligulate, blade light green, underside purple spotted at base. Scape, erect, up to 25 cm long, terminating in a solitary flower, green, shortly purple-pubescent; elliptic or oblong-elliptic bract, obtuse, up to 5 cm long, glabrous, purple spotted at base. Flowers 7–12 cm wide; variable in colour; dorsal sepal with white apical portion with raised purple spots on inner margin, base pale green with brown spots; petals linear-oblong, margin wavy, glabrous, yellow-brown. Lip helmet shaped, yellow or yellowish-green with purple-brown shade, staminode yellow. Fl. & Fr. : October–December.

## Distribution

This species is native to the Khasi hills in the Indian states of Assam and Meghalaya, and the adjoining Sylhet region of Bangladesh. It is also reported from northwest Yunnan in China. It was originally described based a specimen from Sylhet, but because there have been no further reports of this species from this region, it could be extinct there due to over collection and habitat destruction. Reports from Thailand and Myanmar are uncertain or erroneous and if ever present there this species is likely extinct there.

## Habitat

It grows in humus and debris in crevices and among grasses and shrubs on steep open dolomitic limestone rock slopes and cliffs above streams, rivers and waterfalls at an altitude of 1000–1600 meters. Unique pictures of the plant in its natural habitat can be viewed here.

## Varieties

Many varieties are given in 19th and early 20th century literature, but not all were formally described and most are synonyms. The type variety is *mooreana*, which is shown in the photo together with variety *sanderae*, the semi-alba color form. The painting shows the diverse forms of the variety *montanum*, which isn't really a variety but rather a product name that 19th century European importers used to describe a series of varieties and forms with narrower leaves and richly marked flowers that were harvested from a different mountain region than the ones imported before. Nathaniel Wallich sent the first living *insigne* plants to the UK from the Sylhet region. Later William Griffith discovered it in the Khasi Hills in Meghalaya. The variety *sanderae* came out of an importation of *montanum* by Frederick Sander. It was sold in 1890 at £250, the equivalent of about £35,000 in 2021.

## Conservation status

Due to ruthless collection for international trade in the 19th and 20th century, current poaching for regional trade, and destruction of its habitat, the species has become very rare.

“Paphiopedilum insigne”, Plants of the World Online, Kew. Accessed on 23.12.2021.

“Paphiopedilum insigne”, Slipperorchids.info. Accessed on 23.12.2021.

“Paphiopedilum insigne”, ENVIS Resource Partner on Biodiversity, Botanical Survey of India. Accessed on 23.12.2021.

“Paphiopedilum insigne”, *Flora of China*. Accessed on 23.12.2021.

## InfoBox

| *Paphiopedilum insigne* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Flower of *Paphiopedilum insigne* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Orchidaceae |
| Subfamily: | Cypripedioideae |
| Genus: | *Paphiopedilum* |
| Species: | ***P. insigne*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Paphiopedilum insigne***<br>(Wall. ex Lindl.) Pfitzer | |
|
| Synonyms | |
|  | |


title: The Quintet/Live!

abstract: The Quintet/Live! is a live album led by saxophonist Charles McPherson recorded in 1966 at the Five Spot Café and released on the Prestige label. The album was released as an expanded CD with bonus tracks in 1995 as Live at the Five Spot.

text:
# The Quintet/Live!

***The Quintet/Live!*** is a live album led by saxophonist Charles McPherson recorded in 1966 at the Five Spot Café and released on the Prestige label. The album was released as an expanded CD with bonus tracks in 1995 as *Live at the Five Spot*.

## Reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *The Rolling Stone Jazz Record Guide* |  |
| *The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings* |  |

AllMusic awarded the album 4 stars with its review by Scott Yanow stating, "McPherson is a commanding performer, with a penetrating tone and an ability to explore a song for subtler possibilities".

## Track listing

1. "The Viper" (Charles McPherson) – 4:22
2. "I Can't Get Started" (Vernon Duke, Ira Gershwin) – 9:10
3. "Shaw 'Nuff" (Ray Brown, Gil Fuller, Dizzy Gillespie) – 10:24
4. "Here's That Rainy Day" (Johnny Burke, Jimmy Van Heusen) – 6:35
5. "Never Let Me Go" (Ray Evans, Jay Livingston) – 11:35
6. "Suddenly" (McPherson) – 6:50
7. "I Believe in You" (Frank Loesser) – 8:13 Bonus track on CD reissue
8. "Epistrophy" (Kenny Clarke, Thelonious Monk) – 7:28 Bonus track on CD reissue
9. "Luminescence" (Barry Harris) – 10:41 Bonus track on CD reissue

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| The Quintet/Live! | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Live album by Charles McPherson | |
| Released | 1967 |
| Recorded | October 13, 1966
Five Spot, New York City |
| Genre | Jazz |
| Length | 75:18 |
| Label | Prestige
PR 7480 |
| Producer | Don Schlitten |
| Charles McPherson chronology | |
| *Con Alma!*
(1965) ***The Quintet/Live!***
(1967) *From This Moment On!*
(1968) | |


title: 1967 NCAA skiing championships

abstract: The 1967 NCAA Skiing Championships were contested at Sugarloaf ski area in Carrabassett Valley, Maine at the 14th annual NCAA-sanctioned ski tournament to determine the individual and team national champions of men's collegiate alpine skiing, cross-country skiing, and ski jumping in the United States. Denver, coached by Willy Schaeffler, captured their eleventh, and seventh consecutive, national championship, edging Wyoming by less than a point in the team standings. No individual champions from the previous year repeated, but two reclaimed titles won two years earlier, Rick Chaffee (slalom) and Matz Jennsen (nordic).

text:
# 1967 NCAA skiing championships

The **1967 NCAA Skiing Championships** were contested at Sugarloaf ski area in Carrabassett Valley, Maine at the 14th annual NCAA-sanctioned ski tournament to determine the individual and team national champions of men's collegiate alpine skiing, cross-country skiing, and ski jumping in the United States.

Denver, coached by Willy Schaeffler, captured their eleventh, and seventh consecutive, national championship, edging Wyoming by less than a point in the team standings.

No individual champions from the previous year repeated, but two reclaimed titles won two years earlier, Rick Chaffee (slalom) and Matz Jennsen (nordic).

## Venue

This year's championships were held March 2–4 in Maine at Sugarloaf in Carrabassett Valley.

The fourteenth edition, these were the first championships in Maine and the fifth in the East; the previous eastern sites were in New Hampshire and Vermont.

## Team scoring

Sugarloafclass=notpageimage|Location in the United States

| Rank | Team | Points |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Denver** | **376.7** |
|  | Wyoming | 375.9 |
|  | Dartmouth | 374.0 |
| 4 | Utah | 366.5 |
| 5 | Western State | 362.2 |
| 6 | Middlebury | 356.1 |
| 7 | Washington | 354.5 |
| 8 | Williams | 342.6 |
| 9 | Harvard | 336.4 |
| 10 | Colby | 320.0 |
| 11 | St. Lawrence | 292.0 |
| 12 | Maine | 291.2 |

Source:

## Individual events

Sugarloafclass=notpageimage|Location in Maine

Four events were held, which yielded seven individual titles.

* Thursday: Slalom
* Friday: Downhill, Cross Country
* Saturday: Jumping

| Event | Champion | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Skier | Team | Time/Score |
| Alpine | Terje Øverland | Denver | 4:25.83 |
| Cross Country | Ned Gillette | Dartmouth | 64:07 |
| Downhill | Dennis McCoy | Denver | 2:11.20 |
| Jumping | Bjorn Loken | Utah | 213.5 |
| Nordic | Matz Jenssen (2) | Utah | 7:10.5 |
| Skimeister | Matz Jenssen | Utah | 365.2 |
| Slalom | Rick Chaffee (2) | Denver | 1:21.96 |

Source:

45°03′11″N 70°18′36″W / 45.053°N 70.310°W / 45.053; -70.310

## InfoBox

1967 NCAA Skiing Championships
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Tournament information | |
| Sport | College skiing |
| Location | Carrabassett Valley, Maine |
| Dates | March 2–4, 1967 |
| Administrator | NCAA |
| Venue(s) | Sugarloaf |
| Teams | 12 |
| Number of<br>events | 4 (7 titles) |
| Final positions | |
| Champions | Denver (11th title) |
| 1st runners-up | Wyoming |
| 2nd runners-up | Dartmouth |
|  | |


title: Pogonocherus anatolicus

abstract: Pogonocherus anatolicus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Daniel in 1898. It is known from Syria, Cyprus, and Turkey.

text:
# Pogonocherus anatolicus

***Pogonocherus anatolicus*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Daniel in 1898. It is known from Syria, Cyprus, and Turkey.

## InfoBox

| *Pogonocherus anatolicus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Tribe: | Pogonocherini |
| Genus: | *Pogonocherus* |
| Species: | ***P. anatolicus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Pogonocherus anatolicus***<br>Daniel, 1898 | |
|


title: Precision Golf Forging

abstract: Precision Golf Forging (PGF) is an Australian golf equipment brand. Notable players to have used PGF equipment include Peter Thomson, Kel Nagle and Greg Norman.

text:
# Precision Golf Forging

**Precision Golf Forging** (**PGF**) is an Australian golf equipment brand. Notable players to have used PGF equipment include Peter Thomson, Kel Nagle and Greg Norman.

## History

East Brothers was founded in Sydney in 1932. During the 1950s, the company merged with Chesterfield to form Precision Golf Forging.

PGF was owned by Colgate-Palmolive from 1974 until 1978, when it was purchased by Kerry Stokes. In 1984, he sold a 50% stake to Harrisons and Crosfield. The company was later sold to Haw Par. In 2001, Haw Par sold the PGF companies to Precision Golf Forging Limited. In 2011, rights to the brand were acquired by Walkinshaw Sports.

## InfoBox

Precision Golf Forging
| Company type | Private |
| --- | --- |
| Industry | Sports equipment |
| Founded | 1932 (1932) |
| Founder | East Brothers |
| Headquarters | Australia |
| Area served | Worldwide |
| Products | Golf equipment |
| Parent | Walkinshaw Sports |
| Website | www.wsports.com.au/ |


title: Wajahat Saeed Khan

abstract: Wajahat Saeed Khan, is a Pakistani journalist. Khan has produced, reported, and anchored for Pakistan's major cable networks, as well as leading U.S., U.K., and Indian publications. Khan was a producer and correspondent for NBC News in Islamabad and Kabul, and the National Security Correspondent for Lahore-based Dunya News. He has also contributed to CNN, The Times and India Today, but is best known as the anchor and editor of the hit primetime show, Mahaaz, which he produced from 2015 till 2018. From 2019 to 2023, he was an editor and correspondent at Nikkei Asia.

text:
# Wajahat Saeed Khan

**Wajahat Saeed Khan** (born November 5, 1978), is a Pakistani journalist.

Khan has produced, reported, and anchored for Pakistan's major cable networks, as well as leading U.S., U.K., and Indian publications. Khan was a producer and correspondent for NBC News in Islamabad and Kabul, and the National Security Correspondent for Lahore-based Dunya News. He has also contributed to CNN, *The Times* and *India Today*, but is best known as the anchor and editor of the hit primetime show, *Mahaaz* (*The Front*), which he produced from 2015 till 2018. From 2019 to 2023, he was an editor and correspondent at Nikkei Asia.

## Early life and education

Khan was born in Quetta, Balochistan to a family of civil servants of the Pashtuns of Yusufzai tribe. He attended Karachi Grammar School, where he was selected as Editor of the school magazine, The Grammarian, considered Pakistan's oldest print publication. He went on to the University of Michigan, majoring in Political Science and History, reporting and editing on campus for *The Michigan Daily*. At Michigan, Khan became the only collegiate journalist to cover the US invasion of Afghanistan after the September 11 attacks.

In 2011, the Harvard Kennedy School honored Khan as the first Pakistani fellow at the Shorenstein Center on Media, Politics and Public Policy, Harvard University. At Harvard, Khan authored one of the first studies tracking hate content on Pakistani social media.

## Career

Khan's broadcast career started after his return from Michigan, when electronic media was deregulated in Pakistan in the early 2000s by the regime of General (retired) Pervez Musharraf. He joined the country's largest media house, the Jang Group of Newspapers/Geo News, as Manager of News Product Development and Strategy before switching to news production. Khan was at Geo News, the country's primary cable news network, from 2003 to 2007. He then helped launch Dawn News, Pakistan's first English-based news network, in 2007. At Dawn, his broadcast career took off with the hit interview series *Talk Back*; he also became the first Pakistani to produce an investigative interview series from India for *Talk Back: Eye on India*. Pivoting to documentaries, Khan produced the first independent documentary series on the Pakistani military, "We Are Soldiers", which was eventually banned by Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority. He remained at Dawn until 2010.

In 2011, Khan was nominated as a Goldsmith Fellow by the Shorenstein Center on Media, Politics and Public Policy, Harvard University. The first Pakistani and the youngest fellow at the Shorenstein Center, Khan authored a study about the rise of militancy and hate content on Pakistani social media.

Khan did a short stint for CNN in 2011–2012 before moving on to produce and then correspond for NBC News from Islamabad, Kabul, Kathmandu, London, and New York.

From 2012 till 2013, Khan pivoted from English broadcast to Urdu, and conducted the series *Ikhtilaf* \["Opposition"\], for Karachi-based AAJ TV. In 2013, he joined The Jang Group of Newspapers/Geo News again, but in the new capacity of the National Security Editor of Pakistan's largest media house. His writings at The News/Jang focused on the Pakistani military.

In 2015, he joined BOL Network before resigning due to the Axact scandal. He then joined Dunya News as the anchor and editor of the groundbreaking and hit field-reporting series, Mahaaz.

In 2016, Khan conducted a major investigation—"Who's Watching the Watchdogs"—unveiling the corrupt practices of officials linked to the Pakistan chapter of Transparency International. Further coverage saw him write several international opinion pieces in US publications such as the Washington Times and *The Hill*

In July 2018, along with coverage of Pakistan's 10th general elections, Khan completed 200 episodes of Mahaaz. For long-form investigative pieces, he also founded The Bureau of Investigative Reporting, a not-for-profit reporting collective that pursues journalism for the public benefit and covers issues usually not covered by the mainstream media in Pakistan.

In summer 2019, before moving to New York for a master's degree in Business and Financial Reporting at Columbia Journalism School, Khan published his first book with HarperCollins*Game Changer: Being Shahid Afridi*, a bestselling biography of the famous cricketer.

### Books

Afridi, Shahid; Khan, Wajahat S (2019). *Game changer*. ISBN 978-93-5302-671-4.

## InfoBox

| Wajahat Saeed Khan | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Wajahat Saeed Khan
November 5, 1978
Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan |
| Other names | WSK |
| Alma mater | University of Michigan
Harvard Kennedy School |
| Occupation | Journalist |
| Website | www.thebureaureports.com |


title: Virgile Naz

abstract: Sir Virgile Naz (1825-1901) was a Mauritian lawyer, businessman and politician who was elected in British Mauritius to the Council of the Government of Mauritius, the predecessor of modern-day National Assembly or Parliament.

text:
# Virgile Naz

**Sir Virgile Naz** (1825-1901) was a Mauritian lawyer, businessman and politician who was elected in British Mauritius to the Council of the Government of Mauritius, the predecessor of modern-day National Assembly or Parliament.

## Early life

Virgile Naz was born in the Seychelles to his mother Marie Joséphine Délande and father Jean Baptiste Naz in 1825. He grew up on the island of Mauritius and studied law.

## Career

Sir Virgile Naz practiced as a lawyer. He was elected as President of the Chamber of Agriculture of Mauritius over 4 terms (1865-1865, 1869-1869, 1877-1877 and 1881-1881).

Between 1882 and 1889 Sir Virgile Naz gathered support of the inhabitants of the village of Curepipe to create the *Board des Commissaires de Curepipe* with the goal of solving civil problems caused by rapid development of the new village which had been founded in 1878. When the status of the village of Curepipe was changed that of town Governor Sir Charles Lees named Sir Virgile Naz as the first President of the Board. The Board commissioned a network of 80 asphalted roads, built a bridge, drains, public gardens, nursery at *Bois et Fôret*, new Carnegie Library, a slaughter house, *Cité Pitot* and Salaffa Shopping Centre.

## Politics

Naz formed part of the pro-Hennessy **Reform Party** (also known as *The Oligarchs*) of Sir William Newton (Mauritius). Their main rivals formed part of the anti-Hennessy party Democrats which was led by Gustave de Coriolis and Onésipho Beaugeard. Virgile Naz was a member of the Council of the Government of Mauritius for a number of years.

Virgile Naz as well as Lois Raoul and William Newton are credited for being instrumental in ushering the radical reforms which became known as the Constitutional Reform of 1885.

At the 1886 elections Naz was elected in the constituency of Souillac. It is following Sir Virgile Naz's recommendation that Governor John Pope Hennessy nominated Gnanadicarayen Arlanda as the first Indo-Mauritian to serve as member of the Legislative Council in 1886.

## Recognition

Virgile Naz was decorated as Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) in 1874 in recognition for his contributions to Mauritian society. In 1880 he was further honored with the title Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George (KCMG).

In the town of Rose Hill a street which connects Vandermeersch Street to Julius Nyerere Street is named after him. Another street in the capital city of Port Louis also bears his name, extending from Jules Koenig Street, through China Town to Sir Edgar Laurent Street in Plaine Verte.

## InfoBox

| SirVirgile NazKCMG | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of Council of the Government of Mauritius | |
| **In office**
1881–1901 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1825-10-21)21 October 1825
Mahé, Seychelles |
| Died | 3 August 1901(1901-08-03) (aged 75)
Mauritius |
| Political party | Reform Party (*The Oligarchs*) |
|  | |


title: Long Gone Dead

abstract: Long Gone Dead is the second album by the American band Rank and File, released in 1984. Founding member Alejandro Escovedo left the band prior to the recording sessions for the album. The first single was "Sound of the Rain". The album was a commercial disappointment.

text:
# Long Gone Dead

***Long Gone Dead*** is the second album by the American band Rank and File, released in 1984. Founding member Alejandro Escovedo left the band prior to the recording sessions for the album.

The first single was "Sound of the Rain". The album was a commercial disappointment.

## Production

Recorded in Austin, the album was produced by Jeff Eyrich. Stan Lynch played drums on the album; Richard Greene played fiddle. The band made a point of engaging with any musical idea that came to them, rather than sticking to one style.

"I'm an Old Old Man" is a cover of the Lefty Frizzell song. "John Brown" is about the abolitionist.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| Robert Christgau | A− |
| *The Encyclopedia of Popular Music* |  |
| *MusicHound Rock: The Essential Album Guide* |  |
| *The Philadelphia Inquirer* |  |

Robert Christgau wrote that, "in a disquietingly cerebral way the music is very moving, with the Kinman brothers' wide-spaced close harmonies adding a unique sweet-and-sour lift to their defiantly doomy tunes." *Trouser Press* opined that, "lacking the first LP's lost and lonesome prairie feel, *Long Gone Dead* is appealing but disappointing." *The New York Times* stated that the band "should stick to country-rock, at least for the time being; the closer they get to authentic country music, the more plastic they sound."

*The Washington Post* concluded that "Rank and File is certainly pleasing enough as a pop band and sincere enough as a country act, but the band needs to rediscover the link between the two." *The Philadelphia Inquirer* determined that the songs "too often sound like parodies of country songs rather than the homages they apparently intend, and the vocals are frequently dolorous drags."

AllMusic wrote that, "while a more ambitious and musically diverse album than *Sundown*, *Long Gone Dead* just doesn't have the same tight focus and sharp impact of the debut." *MusicHound Rock: The Essential Album Guide* called the album "a vitally important \[document\] of the rebirth of an entire genre of American music that, watered down and pasteurized, resurfaced later in everything from John Mellencamp's first post-Cougar releases to the entire current crop of alterna-twangers."

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Long Gone Dead" |  |
| 2. | "I'm an Old Old Man" |  |
| 3. | "Sound of the Rain" |  |
| 4. | "Hot Wind" |  |
| 5. | "Tell Her I Love Her" |  |
| 6. | "Saddest Girl in the World" |  |
| 7. | "Timeless Love" |  |
| 8. | "John Brown" |  |
| 9. | "Last Night I Dreamed" |  |
| 10. | "It Don't Matter" |  |

## InfoBox

| Long Gone Dead | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Rank and File | |
| Released | 1984 |
| Genre | Roots rock |
| Label | Slash |
| Producer | Jeff Eyrich |
| Rank and File chronology | |
| *Sundown*
(1982) ***Long Gone Dead***
(1984) *Rank and File*
(1987) | |


title: Paphiopedilum hookerae

abstract: Paphiopedilum hookerae is a species of orchid endemic to Borneo.

text:
# Paphiopedilum hookerae

***Paphiopedilum hookerae*** is a species of orchid endemic to Borneo.

## InfoBox

| *Paphiopedilum hookerae* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Flower of *Paphiopedilum hookerae* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Orchidaceae |
| Subfamily: | Cypripedioideae |
| Genus: | *Paphiopedilum* |
| Species: | ***P. hookerae*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Paphiopedilum hookerae***<br>(Rchb.f.) Stein | |
|
| Synonyms | |
|  | |


title: The Stig-Helmer Story

abstract: The Stig-Helmer Story is a Swedish comedy film which was released to cinemas in Sweden on 25 December 2011, directed by Lasse Åberg. The film is the sixth film in the Sällskapsresan film series about Stig-Helmer Olsson.

text:
# The Stig-Helmer Story

***The Stig-Helmer Story*** is a Swedish comedy film which was released to cinemas in Sweden on 25 December 2011, directed by Lasse Åberg. The film is the sixth film in the *Sällskapsresan* film series about Stig-Helmer Olsson.

## Cast

## Reception

The film has received mixed reviews. The Swedish newspaper *Aftonbladet* rated the film as 3/5, *Expressen* as 2/5, *Metro* as 3/5 and *Svenska Dagbladet* as 4/6.

## InfoBox

| The Stig-Helmer Story | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Lasse Åberg |
| Written by | Lasse Åberg |
| Produced by | Bo Jonsson
Serina Björnbom
Christer Abrahamsen |
| Starring | Lasse Åberg
Jon Skolmen |
| Cinematography | Mats Axby |
| Music by | Janne Schaffer, Björn J:son Lindh |
| Distributed by | AB Svensk Filmindustri |
| Release date | * 25 December 2011 (2011-12-25) (Sweden) |
| Country | Sweden |
| Language | Swedish |


abstract: The 1967 NCAA University Division Wrestling Championships were the 37th NCAA University Division Wrestling Championships to be held. Kent State University in Kent, Ohio hosted the tournament at Memorial Gym. Michigan State took home the team championship with 74 points and having two individual champions. Rick Sanders of Portland State was named the Most Outstanding Wrestler and Curley Culp of Arizona State received the Gorriaran Award.

text:
# 1967 NCAA University Division wrestling championships

The **1967 NCAA University Division Wrestling Championships** were the 37th NCAA University Division Wrestling Championships to be held. Kent State University in Kent, Ohio hosted the tournament at Memorial Gym.

Michigan State took home the team championship with 74 points and having two individual champions.

Rick Sanders of Portland State was named the Most Outstanding Wrestler and Curley Culp of Arizona State received the Gorriaran Award.

## Team results

| Rank | School | Points |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Michigan State | 74 |
| 2 | Michigan | 63 |
| 3 | Iowa State | 51 |
| 4 | Oklahoma | 48 |
| 5 | Portland State | 41 |
| 6 | Oklahoma State | 40 |
| 7 | Lehigh | 36 |
| 8 | Arizona State | 27 |
| 9 | Navy | 20 |
| 10 | Air Force | 18 |
| **Reference:** | | |

## Individual finals

| Weight class | Championship match (champion in boldface) |
| --- | --- |
| 115 lbs | **Rick Sanders**, Portland State MAJOR Jim Anderson, Minnesota, 19–2 |
| 123 lbs | **Mike Caruso**, Lehigh DEC Bob Fehrs, Michigan, 7–6 |
| 130 lbs | **David McGuire**, Oklahoma DEC Don Behm, Michigan State, 9–6 |
| 137 lbs | **Dale Anderson**, Michigan State DEC Masaru Yatabe, Portland State, 6–6, 3–2 |
| 145 lbs | **Don Henderson**, Air Force DEC Mike Gluck, Wisconsin, 8–1 |
| 152 lbs | **Jim Kamman**, Michigan DEC Wayne Wells, Oklahoma, 6–5 |
| 160 lbs | **Vic Marcucci**, Iowa State DEC Cleo McGlory, Oklahoma, 2–1 |
| 167 lbs | **George Radman**, Michigan State MAJOR Mike Gallego, Fresno State, 17–8 |
| 177 lbs | **Fred Fozzard**, Oklahoma State DEC Mike Bradley, Michigan State, 10–3 |
| 191 lbs | **Tom Schlendorf**, Syracuse DEC Don Buzzard, Iowa State, 5–0 |
| UNL | **Curley Culp**, Arizona State WBF Nick Carollo, Adams State, 0:51 |
| **Reference:** | |

## InfoBox

1967 NCAA University Division Wrestling Championships
| Tournament information | |
| --- | --- |
| Sport | College wrestling |
| Location | Kent, Ohio |
| Dates | March 23, 1967–March 25, 1967 |
| Host(s) | Kent State University |
| Venue(s) | Memorial Gym |
| Final positions | |
| Champions | Michigan State (1st title) |
| 1st runners-up | Michigan |
| 2nd runners-up | Iowa State |
| Tournament statistics | |
| Attendance | 31,000 |
| MVP | Rick Sanders (Portland State) |
|  | |


title: Poland at the 2019 Military World Games

abstract: Poland competed at the 2019 Military World Games held in Wuhan, China from 18 to 27 October 2019.

text:
# Poland at the 2019 Military World Games

**Poland** competed at the **2019 Military World Games** held in Wuhan, China from 18 to 27 October 2019.

## Medal summary

### Medal by sports

| Medals by sport | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Sport |  |  |  | Total |
| Fencing | 0 | 0 | 4 | **4** |

### Medalists

| Medal | Name | Sport | Event |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Bronze | Magdalena Piekarska | Fencing | Women's Individual Épée |
| Bronze | Julia Walczyk | Fencing | Women's Individual Foil |
| Bronze | Bogna Jóźwiak
Hanna Łyczbińska
Martyna Synoradzka
Julia Walczyk | Fencing | Women's Team Foil |
| Bronze | Małgorzata Kozaczuk | Fencing | Women's Individual Sabre |

## InfoBox

| Poland at the
2019 Military World Games | |
| --- | --- |
| Flag of Poland | |
| IOC code | POL |
| Military World Games appearances | |
|  | |


title: Melt Hanekom

abstract: Melt van der Spuy Hanekom was a South African rugby union player.

text:
# Melt Hanekom

**Melt van der Spuy Hanekom** (27 July 1931 – 8 October 1997) was a South African rugby union player.

## Playing career

Hanekom was born and raised in Moorreesburg. He played provincial rugby for Boland and although he was the second choice hooker for Boland, after his South Africa teammate, Bertus van der Merwe, he was also selected for the Springboks.

Hanekom toured with the Springboks to Australia and New Zealand in 1956. During the second match on tour, he broke his leg, but he did not leave the field and finished the match with the broken leg. The broken leg kept him off the field for just three weeks, after which he resumed his tour. Hanekom did not play in any test matches, but did play in nine tour matches and scored three tries.

## InfoBox

Melt Hanekom
| Hanekom in New Zealand in 1956 | |
| --- | --- |
| Birth name | Melt van der Spuy Hanekom |
| Date of birth | (1931-07-27)27 July 1931 |
| Place of birth | Moorreesburg, Union of South Africa |
| Date of death | 8 October 1997(1997-10-08) (aged 66) |
| Place of death | Strand, South Africa |
| School | Hoërskool Dirkie Uys, Moorreesburg |
| Rugby union career | |
| **Position(s)** Hooker  Amateur team(s)  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  Moorreesburg RC   ()  Provincial / State sides  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  Boland   ()  International career  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  1956 South Africa *(tour)*  9  (9) | |


title: Virginia State Route 2

abstract: State Route 2, formerly State Route 50, is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia. The state highway runs 53.08 miles (85.42 km) from U.S. Route 1 and US 301 in Richmond north to US 1 Business, US 17 Business, and SR 3 Business in Fredericksburg. SR 2 connects Richmond and Fredericksburg via Bowling Green. The state highway runs concurrently with US 301 from Richmond to Bowling Green and with US 17 Business in the Fredericksburg area.

text:
# Virginia State Route 2

**State Route 2** (**SR 2**), formerly **State Route 50** (**SR 50**), is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia. The state highway runs 53.08 miles (85.42 km) from U.S. Route 1 (US 1) and US 301 in Richmond north to US 1 Business, US 17 Business, and SR 3 Business in Fredericksburg. SR 2 connects Richmond and Fredericksburg via Bowling Green. The state highway runs concurrently with US 301 from Richmond to Bowling Green and with US 17 Business in the Fredericksburg area.

## Route description

SR 2 begins at an intersection with US 1 and US 301 at the northern edge of Richmond. Southbound US 1 and US 301 head south along Chamberlayne Avenue toward downtown Richmond. Northbound US 1 heads west on Azalea Avenue then turns north onto Brook Road a few blocks to the west. SR 2 and US 301 head north on Chamberlayne Avenue, a four-lane divided highway that becomes Chamberlayne Road upon entering Henrico County. A short distance north of the city limits, the carriageways split, with the southbound lanes crossing to the west of Interstate 95 (I-95). Several ramps connect the two highways with I-95 in the forested area around Upham Brook. After I-95 veers northwest and the carriageways rejoin, SR 2 and US 301 pass through the suburb of Chamberlayne. The highways meet the eastern end of Parham Road, the main eastwest boulevard of Henrico County, just before crossing the Chickahominy River into Hanover County.

SR 2 and US 301 meet I-295 at a cloverleaf interchange just north of the county line. The two highways continue through a suburban area where they pass under CSX's Piedmont Subdivision. North of Hanover High School, SR 2 and US 301 was reduced to two lanes, and the road's name was changed to Hanover Courthouse Road. The highways pass the 18th century Hanover County Courthouse and meet the eastern end of SR 54 (Patrick Henry Road) in the county seat of Hanover Courthouse. SR 2 and US 301 cross the Pamunkey River into Caroline County. The road, now named Richmond Turnpike, intersects SR 30 (Dawn Boulevard) in the hamlet of Bowersville, also known as Dawn. The two highways run straight for 13 miles (21 km); near the north end of the straight, the highways cross the Mattaponi River.

At the north end of the straight, SR 2 and US 301 expand to a four-lane divided highway that lasts until the two highways pass under SR 207 (Bowling Green Bypass). US 301 leaves SR 2 on a two-way ramp to the bypass to head toward the Potomac River Bridge into Charles County, Maryland. SR 2 and US 301 Business continue into the town of Bowling Green as Main Street. At the north end of downtown, the state highway intersects Broaddus Avenue, which heads west as SR 207 Business and east as US 301 Business. SR 2 leaves town as the Fredericksburg Turnpike. On this only stretch of the state highway that does not run concurrently with another highway, the highway passes along the western edge of Fort A.P. Hill and through the hamlets of Villboro, Locks Corner, and Corbin. SR 2 becomes Sandy Lane Drive upon entering Spotsylvania County, where its solo existence ends at its intersection with US 17 (Mills Drive) at New Post.

SR 2 continues north together with US 17 Business along Tidewater Trail, which crosses Massaponax Creek and passes through a suburban area on the south side of Fredericksburg. The highways become Dixon Street and expand to a four-lane divided highway as they enter the independent city. SR 2 and US 17 Business meet SR 3 (Blue and Gray Parkway) at a partial cloverleaf interchange. At Charles Street, Dixon Street veers east, then the two highways turn north onto a one-way pair, Caroline Street northbound and Princess Anne Street southbound. The two streets pass under CSX's RF&P Subdivision at the southern end of downtown adjacent to the Fredericksburg station, which serves Amtrak and Virginia Railway Express's Fredericksburg Line. Immediately north of the railroad crossing SR 2 and US 17 Business meet US 1 Business (Lafayette Boulevard), which joins the two highways through downtown Fredericksburg. Just north of St. George's Episcopal Church, which abuts Princess Anne Street, SR 2 reaches its northern terminus at SR 3 Business (William Street). The two U.S. Highway business routes continue north through Fredericksburg to an intersection with US 1 just south of that highway's crossing of the Rappahannock River.

## Major intersections

| County | Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| City of Richmond | | 0.00 | 0.00 |
US 1 / US 301 south (Azalea Avenue / Chamberlayne Avenue) | Southern terminus; southern end of US 301 concurrency |
| see US 301 (mile 79.45-112.35) | | | | | | | |
| Caroline | Bowling Green | 32.90 | 52.95 |

US 301 north / SR 207 west (Bowling Green Bypass) to I-95 Baltimore, Fort A.P. Hill | Interchange; north end of US 301 overlap; south end of US 301 Bus. overlap |
| | | 33.86 | 54.49 |

US 301 Bus. north / SR 207 Bus. west (Broaddus Avenue) to I-95 / US 1 Baltimore, Fort A.P. Hill | north end of US 301 Bus. overlap |
| | Villboro |  |  | SR 626 (Woodford Road) | former SR 208 west |
| Module:Jctint/USA warning: Unused argument(s): Mile |
| Spotsylvania | New Post | 47.05 | 75.72 |
US 17 (Mills Drive) to I-95 Winchester, Newport News, Pettigrew Wildlife Management Area | Southern end of US 17 Bus. concurrency |
| City of Fredericksburg | | 52.13 | 83.90 | SR 3 (Blue and Gray Parkway) Culpeper, King George | Interchange |
| | 52.71 | 84.83 |

US 1 Bus. south (Lafayette Boulevard) to I-95 | Southern end of US 1 Bus. concurrency |
| | 53.08 | 85.42 |

US 1 Bus. north / US 17 Bus. north (Caroline Street) / SR 3 Bus. east (William Street) | Northern terminus; northern end of US 1 Bus. / US 17 Bus. concurrencies |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
 | | | | | |

Template:Attached KML/Virginia State Route 2KML is from Wikidata

## InfoBox

| State Route 2 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Route information | |
| Maintained by VDOT | |
| Length | 53.08 mi (85.42 km) |
| Existed | July 1, 1933–present |
| Major junctions | |
| South end | US 1 / US 301 in Richmond |
| Major intersections |  |
| North end |  |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Virginia |
| Counties | City of Richmond, Henrico, Hanover, Caroline, Spotsylvania, City of Fredericksburg |
|  | |
| Highway system | |
|  | |
| US 1   SR 3 | |


abstract: Long Island Aquarium is an aquarium that opened in 2000 on Long Island in Riverhead, New York, United States. One of its biggest attractions is a 20,000-US-gallon (76,000 L) coral reef display tank, which is one of the largest all-living coral displays in the Western Hemisphere. The classical theme of the aquarium's entrance, along with many areas inside, draw inspiration from the lost city of Atlantis.

text:
# Long Island Aquarium and Exhibition Center

**Long Island Aquarium** (formerly **Atlantis Marine World**) is an aquarium that opened in 2000 on Long Island in Riverhead, New York, United States.

One of its biggest attractions is a 20,000-US-gallon (76,000 L) coral reef display tank, which is one of the largest all-living coral displays in the Western Hemisphere.

The classical theme of the aquarium's entrance, along with many areas inside, draw inspiration from the lost city of Atlantis.

## History

Construction on the aquarium began in 1999, and it opened on June 15, 2000. The Town of Riverhead bought the land in 1995 with the hopes the Okeanos Foundation of Hampton Bays, New York would operate it as part of a rehabilitation project of the Peconic waterfront. However, Okeanos was unable to raise funds. Space has been given in the aquarium to the Riverhead Foundation for Marine Research and Preservation.

The aquarium's original cost of $15 million was provided by developers James J. Bissett and Joseph M. Petrocelli.

On July 1, 2011, it changed its name to Long Island Aquarium and Exhibition Center after undergoing a $24 million expansion including a brand-new Exhibition Center, a 28,000-square-foot (2,600 m2) Sea Star Grand Ballroom (which joined its successful catering component, Atlantis Banquets & Events), as well as construction of a 100-room waterfront Hyatt Place hotel. The aquarium also owns and operates a 120-slip marina called Treasure Cove Resort Marina. The aquarium was featured in the 5th season of *The Apprentice* and the *Elmo's World* episodes "Fish" and "Penguins".

## Exhibits

**Indoor exhibits** include Amazon Rainforest, American Alligators, Archer Fish, Best Buddies (clownfish & anemone), Birds, Bugs and Butterflies Exhibit, Coral Reef, Cuttlefish, Discus Fish, Electric Eel, Flounder Find, Form & Function, Giant Pacific Octopus, Jellyfish, Local Rocky Shores, Lost City of Atlantis Shark Exhibit, Marmosets, Megalodon Display, Moray Eels, Ocean Creatures of the World/Crab Villa (Japanese spider crab), Piranha, Poseidon's Treasure Room, Puffer Fish, Ray Bay, Sand Shark Lagoon, Schooling Fish (common Pacific silver moonfish), Seahorses, Shipwreck/Artificial Reef (Lion Fish), Tidal Marsh, an interactive touch tank and Turtle Bay (Australian snake-necked turtle, red-eared sliders and east African black mud turtles).

**Outdoor exhibits** include Ancient Reptile Ruins (green tree python and mangrove monitor), Creatures of the Night (Brazilian prehensile-tailed porcupine and Pallas's long tailed bats), Gator Invasion, Koi Pond, Interactive Salt Marsh, Lost Temple of Atlantis (Japanese snow monkeys), Otter Falls (North American river otters), Penguin Pavilion (African penguin), Ray Bay, Sea Lion Coliseum, Seals and Critter Corner.

**Interactive displays** include Interactive Salt Marsh, Arcade, Ray Bay, Sea Lion Kiss, Submarine Simulator, hands on touch tank, and an Interactive Creature Feature

## InfoBox

| Long Island Aquarium and Exhibition Center | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| 40°55′04″N 72°39′23″W / 40.917874°N 72.656407°W / 40.917874; -72.656407 | |
| Date opened | June 2000, 15 (15-06-2000) |
| Location | Riverhead, New York, United States |
| Volume of largest tank | 120,000 US gallons (450,000 L) |
| Public transit access | Riverhead station |
| Website | longislandaquarium.com |
|  | |


title: UH-232

abstract:
UH-232 ((+)-UH232) is a drug which acts as a subtype selective mixed agonist-antagonist for dopamine receptors, acting as a weak partial agonist at the D3 subtype, and an antagonist at D2Sh autoreceptors on dopaminergic nerve terminals. It causes dopamine release in the brain and has a stimulant effect, as well as blocking the behavioural effects of cocaine. It may also serve as a 5-HT2A receptor agonist, based on animal studies.
It was investigated in clinical trials for the treatment of schizophrenia, but unexpectedly caused symptoms to become worse.

text:
# UH-232

**UH-232** (**(+)-UH232**) is a drug which acts as a subtype selective mixed agonist-antagonist for dopamine receptors, acting as a weak partial agonist at the D3 subtype, and an antagonist at D2Sh autoreceptors on dopaminergic nerve terminals. It causes dopamine release in the brain and has a stimulant effect, as well as blocking the behavioural effects of cocaine. It may also serve as a 5-HT2A receptor agonist, based on animal studies. It was investigated in clinical trials for the treatment of schizophrenia, but unexpectedly caused symptoms to become worse.

## (+)-AJ76

The N-monopropyl derivative (+)-AJ76 is an active metabolite of UH-232 and has practically identical effects.

## InfoBox

UH-232
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Clinical data | |
| ATC code | * none |
| Identifiers | |
| IUPAC name * (1*S*,2*R*)-5-Methoxy-1-methyl-2-(*N*,*N*-propylamino)tetralin | |
| CAS Number |  |
| PubChem CID |  |
| UNII |  |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |  |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C18H29NO |
| Molar mass | 275.436 g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| SMILES * CC2C(N(CCC)CCC)CCc1c2cccc1OC | |
| (verify) | |


title: Felix Gilbert

abstract: Felix Gilbert was a German-born American historian of early modern and modern Europe. Gilbert was born in Baden-Baden, Germany, to a middle-class Jewish family, and part of the Mendelssohn Bartholdy clan. In the latter half of the 1920s, Gilbert studied under Friedrich Meinecke at the University of Berlin. Gilbert's area of expertise was the Renaissance, especially the diplomatic history of the period He was a fellow of the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton from 1962 to 1975, and maintained an active involvement as an emeritus faculty member until his death in 1991. He was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1963 and the American Philosophical Society in 1969. The main reading room of the German Historical Institute in Washington, D.C. is named in his honor.

text:
# Felix Gilbert

**Felix Gilbert** (May 21, 1905 – February 14, 1991) was a German-born American historian of early modern and modern Europe. Gilbert was born in Baden-Baden, Germany, to a middle-class Jewish family, and part of the Mendelssohn Bartholdy clan. In the latter half of the 1920s, Gilbert studied under Friedrich Meinecke at the University of Berlin. Gilbert's area of expertise was the Renaissance, especially the diplomatic history of the period He was a fellow of the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton from 1962 to 1975, and maintained an active involvement as an emeritus faculty member until his death in 1991. He was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1963 and the American Philosophical Society in 1969.

The main reading room of the German Historical Institute in Washington, D.C. is named in his honor.

## Work

* *Johann Gustav Droysen und die preussisch-deutsche Frage*, diss., Berlin 1931.
* *Makers of Modern Strategy: Military Thought from Machiavelli to Hitler*, (co-edited with Edward M. Earle and Gordon A. Craig) Princeton, N.J. 1943; New York 1966, 1971.
* "Bernardo Rucellai and the Orti Oricellari: A Study on the Origin of Modern Political Thought". In: *Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes*, Volume 12, 1949, p. 101–131.
* *The Diplomats, 1919–1939*, (co-edited with Gordon A. Craig), Princeton, N.J. 1954; New York 1963.
* *To the Farewell Address: Ideas of Early American Foreign Policy*, Princeton, N.J. 1961. (winner of the 1962 Bancroft Prize).
* *Machiavelli and Guicciardini: Politics and History in Sixteenth-Century Florence*, Princeton, N.J. 1965.
* Gilbert, Felix (1970). *The End of the European Era: 1890 to the Present*. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. 426 pages. ISBN 9780393054132. OCLC 423354102.
* *History: Choice and Commitment*, Cambridge, Massachusetts 1977.
* *The Pope, His Banker, and Venice*, Cambridge, Massachusetts 1981.
* *A European Past: Memoirs, 1905-1945*, 1988.
* *History: Politics or Culture? Reflections on Ranke and Burckhardt*, 1990.

## Further reading

* Craig, Gordon, "Insight and Energy: Reflections on the Work of Felix Gilbert," in *Felix Gilbert as Scholar and Teacher*, ed. Hartmut Lehmann, Washington D.C.: German Historical Institute, Occasional Paper no. 6,1992.
* Daum, Andreas, Hartmut Lehmann, James Sheehan (eds.), *The Second Generation: Émigrés from Nazi Germany as Historians. With a Biobibliographic Guide*. New York: Berghahn Books, 2016, ISBN 978-1-78238-985-9.
* Lehmann, Hartmut and James J. Sheehan (eds.), *An Interrupted Past: German-Speaking Refugee Historians in the United States after 1933*. Washington, D.C.: German Historical Institute, 1991.
* Thompson, Bruce "Gilbert, Felix" pages 465–466 from *The Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing*, Volume 1, edited by Kelly Boyd, London: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishing, 1999.

## Endnotes

1. Thompson, Bruce "Gilbert, Felix" pages 465–466 from *The Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing*, Volume 1, edited by Kelly Boyd, London: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishing, 1999
2. Thompson, Bruce "Gilbert, Felix" pages 465–466 from *The Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing*, Volume 1, edited by Kelly Boyd, London: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishing, 1999 (page 465)
3. "Felix Gilbert". *American Academy of Arts & Sciences*. Retrieved 2022-09-15.
4. "APS Member History". *search.amphilsoc.org*. Retrieved 2022-09-15.


title: The Secret of the Submarine

abstract: The Secret of the Submarine is a 1915 American adventure film serial directed by George L. Sargent. It was 15 chapters and all of them are considered to be lost.

text:
# The Secret of the Submarine

***The Secret of the Submarine*** is a 1915 American adventure film serial directed by George L. Sargent. It was 15 chapters and all of them are considered to be lost.

## Plot

The heroes must keep the titular submarine from falling into the hands of the Russians or Japanese.

## Cast

## Production

Secret of the submarine was written in the lead up to the United States' involvement in World War I by war correspondent Richard Barry. The serial was released 15 days after the Lusitania was torpedoed by a German sub.

## InfoBox

| The Secret of the Submarine | |
| --- | --- |
| Film poster | |
| Directed by | George L. Sargent |
| Written by | Richard Barry |
| Starring | Juanita Hansen
Tom Chatterton |
| Production
company | American Film Company |
| Distributed by | Mutual Film |
| Release date | * May 22, 1915 (1915-05-22) |
| Country | United States |
| Language | Silent with English intertitles |


title: Lochmaeus bilineata

abstract: Lochmaeus bilineata, the double-lined prominent moth, is a moth of the family Notodontidae. It is found in the eastern two-thirds of the United States and southern Canada, west to New Mexico in the south and Saskatchewan in the north. The wingspan is 32–40 mm. Adults have grey to brownish-grey forewings. They are on wing from April to October in the south and from June to August in the north. The larvae feed on Fagus, Quercus, Tilia, Betula and Ulmus species.

text:
# Lochmaeus bilineata

***Lochmaeus bilineata***, the **double-lined prominent moth**, is a moth of the family Notodontidae. It is found in the eastern two-thirds of the United States and southern Canada, west to New Mexico in the south and Saskatchewan in the north.

The wingspan is 32–40 mm. Adults have grey to brownish-grey forewings. They are on wing from April to October in the south and from June to August in the north.

The larvae feed on *Fagus*, *Quercus*, *Tilia*, *Betula* and *Ulmus* species.

## InfoBox

| Double-lined prominent moth | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Notodontidae |
| Genus: | *Lochmaeus* |
| Species: | ***L. bilineata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Lochmaeus bilineata***<br>(Packard, 1864) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Heterocampa turbida* Walker, 1865 * *Lochmaeus turbida* * *Edema associata* Walker, 1865 * *Lochmaeus associata* * *Notodonta ulmi* Harris, 1869 * *Lochmaeus ulmi* * *Lochmaeus bilineata f. boweri* (Chermock & Chermock, 1940) * *Seirodonta exsanguis* Dyar, 1906 | |


title: 1966 in Canadian television

abstract: The following is a list of events affecting Canadian television in 1966. Events listed include television show debuts, finales, cancellations, and channel launches, closures and rebrandings.

text:
# 1966 in Canadian television

The following is a list of events affecting **Canadian television in 1966**. Events listed include television show debuts, finales, cancellations, and channel launches, closures and rebrandings.

## Events

| Date | Event |
| --- | --- |
|  | Hamilton, Ontario media proprietor Ken Soble files the original application for what will, after his death and numerous follow-up revisions to the application, eventually become the Global Television Network in 1974. |
| May 6 | The 1966 Canadian Film Awards. |
| May 8 | Controversial newsmagazine This Hour Has Seven Days airs its last show after fifty episodes and two seasons. |
| September 1 | CBC becomes the first Canadian television network to broadcast in colour. That same day, local Montreal tv station CFTM-TV commences broadcasting activity in color. Two weeks later CTV changes over to colour as well. |
| September 11 | Long-running investigation program W5 begins airing. It quickly becomes the most popular program on CTV. |
| | Shaw Communications is founded as Capital Cable Television Co. Ltd. in Edmonton, Alberta. |

### Debuts

| Show | Station | Premiere Date |
| --- | --- | --- |
| *Charlie Had One But He Didn't Like It, So He Gave It To Us* | CBC Television | July 20 |
| *Wojeck* | CBC Television | September 13 |
| *W5* | CTV | October 3 |
| *University of the Air* | | Unknown |
| *Rocket Robin Hood* | | syndication |

### Ending this year

| Show | Station | Cancelled |
| --- | --- | --- |
| *This Hour Has Seven Days* | CBC Television | May 8 |
| *Razzle Dazzle* | | July 1 |
| *Seaway* | | September 8 |

## Television shows

### 1950s

### 1960s

## TV movies

1. "Soble's pitch". *The Globe and Mail*, October 27, 1996.
2. "Milestones". Shaw Communications Inc. 2008-09-03. Retrieved 2008-09-03.

## InfoBox

| List of years in Canadian television |
| --- |
|  |
| *+...* |


title: Pogonospermum

abstract:
Pogonospermum is a genus of flowering plants in the family Acanthaceae. It includes 34 species native to sub-Saharan Africa.
  - Pogonospermum attenuifolium (Vollesen) I.Darbysh. & Kiel
  - Pogonospermum australe (P.G.Mey.) I.Darbysh. & Kiel
  - Pogonospermum calcaratum (Schinz) I.Darbysh. & Kiel
  - Pogonospermum callothamnum (Munday) I.Darbysh. & Kiel
  - Pogonospermum ciliatum (Jacq.) I.Darbysh. & Kiel
  - Pogonospermum cleomoides (S.Moore) I.Darbysh. & Kiel
  - Pogonospermum crassiusculum (P.G.Mey.) I.Darbysh. & Kiel
  - Pogonospermum cubangense I.Darbysh. & Kiel
  - Pogonospermum depauperatum (T.Anderson) I.Darbysh. & Kiel
  - Pogonospermum desertorum (Engl.) I.Darbysh. & Kiel
  - Pogonospermum distichotrichum (Lindau) I.Darbysh. & Kiel
  - Pogonospermum divaricatum I.Darbysh. & Kiel
  - Pogonospermum eriniae (I.Darbysh.) I.Darbysh. & Kiel
  - Pogonospermum fanshawei (Vollesen) I.Darbysh. & Kiel
  - Pogonospermum genistifolium (Engl.) I.Darbysh. & Kiel
  - Pogonospermum glaucifolium (S.Moore) I.Darbysh. & Kiel
  - Pogonospermum grandiflorum (Schinz) I.Darbysh. & Kiel
  - Pogonospermum incanum (Nees) I.Darbysh. & Kiel
  - Pogonospermum kasamae (Vollesen) I.Darbysh. & Kiel
  - Pogonospermum laetum (S.Moore) I.Darbysh. & Kiel
  - Pogonospermum leucoderme (Schinz) I.Darbysh. & Kiel
  - Pogonospermum lolioides (S.Moore) I.Darbysh. & Kiel
  - Pogonospermum mollissimum (Nees) I.Darbysh. & Kiel
  - Pogonospermum ndellense (Lindau) I.Darbysh. & Kiel
  - Pogonospermum patulum I.Darbysh. & Kiel
  - Pogonospermum rigidum (S.Moore) I.Darbysh. & Kiel
  - Pogonospermum robustum (Bond) I.Darbysh. & Kiel
  - Pogonospermum salsola (S.Moore) I.Darbysh. & Kiel
  - Pogonospermum saxatile (Munday) I.Darbysh. & Kiel
  - Pogonospermum scabridum (S.Moore) I.Darbysh. & Kiel
  - Pogonospermum serotinum (P.G.Mey.) I.Darbysh. & Kiel
  - Pogonospermum subsessile (Oliv.) I.Darbysh. & Kiel
  - Pogonospermum tricostatum (Vollesen) I.Darbysh. & Kiel
  - Pogonospermum virgultorum (S.Moore) I.Darbysh. & Kiel

text:
# Pogonospermum

***Pogonospermum*** is a genus of flowering plants in the family Acanthaceae. It includes 34 species native to sub-Saharan Africa.

## InfoBox

| *Pogonospermum* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Lamiales |
| Family: | Acanthaceae |
| Genus: | *Pogonospermum*<br>Hochst. (1844) |
|
| Species | |
| 34; see text | |


title: Prime (album)

abstract: Prime is a studio album by American jazz bassist Christian McBride recorded together with saxophonist Marcus Strickland, trumpeter Josh Evans, and drummer Nasheet Waits. The album was released on 24 February 2023 via Mack Avenue label.

text:
# Prime (album)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| *All About Jazz* |  |
| AllMusic |  |
| *The Denver Post* |  |
| *Jazzwise* |  |
| Tom Hull | A− |

***Prime*** is a studio album by American jazz bassist Christian McBride recorded together with saxophonist Marcus Strickland, trumpeter Josh Evans, and drummer Nasheet Waits. The album was released on 24 February 2023 via Mack Avenue label.

## Background

For McBride, this is the 18th album as a band leader and the second one for his band New Jawn after *Christian McBride's New Jawn* released in 2018. *Prime* contains eight tracks: five originals written by bandmembers and three jazz standards.

McBride explained, "So, we recorded this at the end of 2021, I believe. We were fresh off of the gig at the Vanguard, so a lot of the stuff that we recorded were things that we had worked on that week. It wasn't really that difficult to figure out what the material was going to be. I think putting a recording together is not that dissimilar to putting a set together. You want to make sure you start off with something exciting — something that's going to lock the people in as best as you think you can, and then you just try to shape it so it's a good listening experience."

## Reception

Kevin Le Gendre of *Jazzwise* wrote, "Trumpeter Josh Evans and saxophonist Marcus Strickland form an excellent horn section, stoking a freeish fire on occasion but the latter's bass clarinet ostinatos make a big impact insofar as they lend more heft to the low register as well as enriching the harmonic palette. Although largely perceived as a straight ahead champion, McBride has always been pleasingly eclectic, and his absorption of the avant-garde flourishes of Mingus, Max and Dolphy leads him down long, winding, interesting roads here." Mike Jurkovic of *All About Jazz* noted, "With trigger quick wit and telepathy Prime's flagship track develops into a full-on, fun-house jam as the delightfully chord-less quintet run roughshod over this and all of Prime's eight master class tracks." Michael Major of Broadway World commented, "Prime exemplifies jazz greats at the zenith of their powers who insist on scaling greater heights." Ian Lomax of *Jazz Journal* added, "New Jawn may be a step too far for many, but there is no doubting the innovation, the talent, and the passion. This is album is certainly worth a listen for all McBride fans and the musically adventurous."

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Head Bedlam" | Christian McBride | 5:46 |
| 2. | "Prime" | Marcus Strickland | 7:29 |
| 3. | "Moonchild" | Nasheet Waits | 4:44 |
| 4. | "Obsequious" | Larry Young | 8:05 |
| 5. | "Lurkers" | Christian McBride | 8:48 |
| 6. | "The Good Life" | Ornette Coleman | 7:35 |
| 7. | "Dolphy Dust" | Josh Evans | 5:03 |
| 8. | "East Broadway Run Down" | Sonny Rollins | 7:17 |
| Total length: | | | 54:28 |

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| Prime | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Christian McBride | |
| Released | February 24, 2023 (2023-02-24) |
| Recorded | 16–17 December 2021 |
| Studio | Power Station, NYC |
| Genre | Jazz |
| Length | 54:28 |
| Label | Mack Avenue |
| Producer | Christian McBride, Romelle Canonizado |
| Christian McBride chronology | |
| *Live at the Village Vanguard*
(2021) ***Prime***
(2023) *But Who's Gonna Play the Melody?*
(2024) | |


title: Walker Creek (Michigan)

abstract: Walker Creek, also known as the Walker River, is a 12.0-mile-long (19.3 km) stream in Isabella County, Michigan, in the United States. It is a trout stream; the main trout species is the brook trout. The river also supports a small population of suckers. The stream is fairly small and of variable depth. Its shore is difficult to access because of the thick vegetation growing along the river. The stream rises in northwest Isabella County and flows southeast into the Lake of the Hills and the Coldwater River.

text:
# Walker Creek (Michigan)

**Walker Creek**, also known as the **Walker River**, is a 12.0-mile-long (19.3 km) stream in Isabella County, Michigan, in the United States. It is a trout stream; the main trout species is the brook trout. The river also supports a small population of suckers. The stream is fairly small and of variable depth. Its shore is difficult to access because of the thick vegetation growing along the river. The stream rises in northwest Isabella County and flows southeast into the Lake of the Hills and the Coldwater River.

43°42′01″N 84°59′18″W / 43.70031°N 84.98836°W / 43.70031; -84.98836


title: Virgin Express

abstract: N.V. Virgin Express S.A. was a Belgian airline created within the Virgin Group. It operated flights mainly to southern Europe from its hub at Brussels Airport. Ticket sales were mainly through the Internet. The airline merged with SN Brussels Airlines to form Brussels Airlines, which started operations on 25 March 2007. Virgin Express' head office was in Building 116 at Brussels Airport in Zaventem, Belgium, near Brussels.

text:
# Virgin Express

**N.V. Virgin Express S.A.** was a Belgian airline created within the Virgin Group. It operated flights mainly to southern Europe from its hub at Brussels Airport. Ticket sales were mainly through the Internet. The airline merged with SN Brussels Airlines to form Brussels Airlines, which started operations on 25 March 2007. Virgin Express' head office was in Building 116 at Brussels Airport in Zaventem, Belgium, near Brussels.

## History

Virgin Express was founded on 23 April 1996, when the Virgin Group (with chairman Richard Branson) bought the Belgian leisure airline **EBA - EuroBelgian Airlines**, founded by Victor Hasson and Georges Gutelman, and rebranded it Virgin Express. It also took over EBA's fleet of Boeing 737s and operated this type of aircraft from thereon. The airline soon concentrated on low-budget scheduled flights out of its Brussels hub, and became a major competitor for Sabena and later SN Brussels Airlines.

In October 2004, the Virgin Group sold its assets to SN Brussels Airlines, and both airlines were integrated into the parent holding company SN Airholding, chaired by Viscount Étienne Davignon.

On 31 March 2006, SN Brussels Airlines and Virgin Express announced their merger into a single company, named Brussels Airlines. The combined airline added long haul destinations and strengthened its position in Africa.

## Fleet

During its 11-year existence, Virgin Express had operated the following aircraft:

Virgin Express retired fleet
| Aircraft | Total | Introduced | Retired | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Airbus A320-200 | 1 | 1997 | 1997 | Leased from Constellation International Airlines |
| Boeing 737-200 | 2 | 1997 | 1997 | Leased from AirFoyle Passenger Airlines |
| Boeing 737-300 | 15 | 1996 | 2007 |  |
| Boeing 737-400 | 11 | 1996 | 2007 |  |
| Lockheed L-1011 TriStar | 1 | 1998 | 1998 | Leased from Aer Turas |
| McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30 | 1 | 1998 | 1998 | Used for charter flights for summer |
|

Three Boeing 737-300 (OO-VEX, OO-VEG and OO-VEH) were fitted with winglets (March 2007). The airline operated a maximum of 26 737s at its peak, and was given the first Joint Aviation Authorities air operator's certificate delivered by the Belgian Civil Aviation Authorities. After the merger, all ten of the Virgin Express fleet went to Brussels Airlines. The airline has since phased out its Boeing 737s.

Media related to Virgin Express at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

Virgin Express
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| IATA ICAO Call sign  TV VEX VIRGIN EXPRESS | |
| Founded | 27 September 1991 (1991-09-27)
(as *EBA - EuroBelgian Airlines*) |
| Commenced operations | 23 April 1996 (1996-04-23)
(as *Virgin Express*) |
| Ceased operations | 25 March 2007 (2007-03-25)
(merged with SN Brussels Airlines to form Brussels Airlines) |
| Hubs | Brussels Airport |
| Frequent-flyer program | Flight Club |
| Subsidiaries |  |
| Parent company |  |
| Headquarters | Building 116, Brussels Airport, Zaventem, Belgium |
| Key people | Richard Branson (chairman of Virgin Group) |