title: Lisa S. Walsh

abstract: Lisa Sharon Walsh is an American judge, serving on the Eleventh Judicial Circuit Court in Miami-Dade County, Florida since 2011. She has been Administrative Judge of that court's Appellate Division, a judge of its International Commercial Arbitration Court since 2017, and a business court judge in its Complex Business Litigation Division since 2023. She has received numerous awards as a judge, has held significant leadership positions, and has provided judicial education programming to other judges. In 2024, Walsh was the highest rated judge in the Miami-Dade Bar's Judicial Poll.

text:
# Lisa S. Walsh

**Lisa Sharon Walsh** is an American judge, serving on the Eleventh Judicial Circuit Court in Miami-Dade County, Florida since 2011. She has been Administrative Judge of that court's Appellate Division, a judge of its International Commercial Arbitration Court since 2017, and a business court judge in its Complex Business Litigation Division since 2023. She has received numerous awards as a judge, has held significant leadership positions, and has provided judicial education programming to other judges. In 2024, Walsh was the highest rated judge (among 49) in the Miami-Dade Bar's Judicial Poll.

## Judicial service

In Florida, a County Court civil division is a court of limited jurisdiction where the claims are under $50,000. A Florida county's Circuit Court is a court of general jurisdiction that hears civil actions worth more than $50,000.

In 2008, Governor Charlie Christ appointed Walsh as a judge of the Miami-Dade County Court's civil division, a position to which she was later elected. In 2011, Governor Rick Scott appointed Walsh to Florida's Eleventh Judicial Circuit Court in Miami-Dade County, to fill a vacancy left by the death of Judge Robert Pineiro. In subsequent election cycles, Walsh either won election to the circuit court or was unopposed at the time of the general election. In originally appointing Walsh, Scott "hailed her 'common-sense approach' to every issue and dispute, in which she 'applied the rule of law in a consistent, fair and intelligent manner.'”

Walsh has served in the circuit court's criminal, civil, and dependency divisions. In 2017, the International Commercial Arbitration Court (ICA) was created within the Eleventh Judicial Circuit Court's civil division. Walsh was appointed as one of the first two judges to sit in the ICA, where she continues serving as a judge (as of July 2024), having been "specially trained in the laws and procedures that are unique to international arbitration." In early 2023, Walsh was assigned to the Eleventh Circuit's Complex Business Litigation Division, a specialized business court program created in 2006, with a jurisdiction limited to complex cases of a business and commercial nature.

Walsh has also served as Administrative Judge of the Miami-Dade Circuit Court's Appellate Division, and has been appointed by designation to sit as an appellate judge on Florida's Fourth District Court of Appeal. The circuit court's appellate division handles appeals from decisions of the county court, various quasi-judicial boards, and administrative agencies. Florida's District Courts of Appeal hear appeals from decisions in the circuit courts.

Since 2009, she has been involved as part of the faculty and administration of Florida's Advanced Judicial College, the Florida Judicial College, and the Florida Conference of Circuit Judges.

She was president of the National Association of Women Judges for the 2015 to 2016 term.

Walsh worked in the Office of the Public Defender of the Eleventh Judicial Circuit of Florida from 1992 to 2004, and in private legal practice from 2004 to 2008. She served as a special master for the City of Miami Beach.

## Education

Walsh received her Bachelor of Science in speech degree from Northwestern University in 1988, and her Juris Doctor degree from the University of Miami School of Law in 1992.

## Awards and honors

• In 2024, Walsh was rated the most exceptional judge in the Miami-Dade Bar's Judicial Poll.

• In 2020, Walsh received the National Association of Women Judges' Norma Wikler Award for Excellence in Service.

• In 2019, she received the Community Service Award from the Greater Miami Jewish Federation.

• In 2019, she received the Outstanding Woman in Government & Law award from the Miami-Dade Commission for Women.

• In 2018, she received the Florida Bar Young Lawyer's Division Outstanding Jurist Award.

• In 2018, she received the Miami Dade Trial Lawyers Association Judge Steven Levine Award, given for fairness, integrity, and professionalism.

• In 2018, she received the Justice Vaino Spencer Leadership Award from the National Association of Women Judges.

• In 2017, she received the Dade County Bar Association President's Award as Outstanding Community Leader.

• In 2017, she received the Devorah Judge Award from the Miami Jewish Legal Society.

• In 2015, she received the Mattie Belle Davis Award from the Miami-Dade Florida Association of Women Lawyers. "This award is presented annually to an MDFAWL member and jurist who exemplifies the ideals of professional achievement, perseverance, and dedication that were demonstrated by the late Judge Davis."

• In 2015, she received the Alumni Leadership Award from the University of Miami Law School.

• In 2010, she received the Miami-Dade Bar Association's Judge Alan Schwartz Judicial Excellence Award.

## Positions and memberships

• In 2015 to 2016, Walsh served as president of the National Association of Women Judges.

• In 2007, Walsh served as president of Miami-Dade Florida Association for Women Lawyers.

• She is an International Director of the National Association of Women Judges.

• In June 2019, she co-chaired a National Association of Women Judges Global Judicial Leadership Conference at Columbia University in New York.

• She has been a member of the board of directors for Legal Services of Greater Miami.

• She has been a member of the Florida Bar Criminal Executive Council and the Appellate Rules Committee.

• She has been a mentor for Educate Tomorrow and Big Brothers/Big Sisters.

## InfoBox

| Lisa S. Walsh | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Judge, Eleventh Judicial Circuit Court, Miami-Dade County, Florida (originally appointed and later elected) | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
2011 | |
| Appointed by | Governor Rick Scott |
| Preceded by | Robert Pineiro |
| Judge, Miami-Dade County Court (originally appointed and later elected) | |
| **In office**
2008–2011 | |
| Appointed by | Governor Charlie Christ |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Education | Northwestern University (B.S. 1988), University of Miami School of Law (J.D. 1992) |
|  | |


title: We Right Here

abstract: "We Right Here" is a song by American hip hop recording artist DMX, released as the first single from his fourth album The Great Depression (2001).

text:
# We Right Here

"**We Right Here**" is a song by American hip hop recording artist DMX, released as the first single from his fourth album *The Great Depression* (2001).

## History

### Production

The song shows the use of Pro Tools ability to create voice masking and voice doubling, with the fact that DMX does his vocals on the microphone, and then does them over the top of his previous audio track, to create a hazed, mellow sound, much like that of someone rapping with a 40 a Day voice.

### Music video

The music video was shot in Baltimore (unlike previous videos shot in New York City), and contains cameo appearances from The Lox.

## Chart performance

| Chart (2001) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Germany (Official German Charts) | 62 |
| US Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles (*Billboard*) | 17 |
| US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (*Billboard*) | 43 |
| US Hot Rap Songs (*Billboard*) | 8 |
|

## InfoBox

| "We Right Here" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by DMX | |
| from the album  *The Great Depression* | |
| Released | August 14, 2001 |
| Recorded | 2000 |
| Genre | East Coast hip hop |
| Length | 4:29 |
| Label |  |
| Songwriter(s) | Earl Simmons |
| Producer(s) | Black Key |
| DMX singles chronology | |
| "No Sunshine"
(2001) "**We Right Here**"
(2001) "Who We Be"
(2001) | |


title: XHNH-FM

abstract: XHNH-FM is a radio station on 95.1 FM in Irapuato, Guanajuato. XHNH is owned by Radio Grupo Antonio Contreras and carries a classic hits format known as Stereo 95.

text:
# XHNH-FM

**XHNH-FM** is a radio station on 95.1 FM in Irapuato, Guanajuato. XHNH is owned by Radio Grupo Antonio Contreras and carries a classic hits format known as Stereo 95.

## History

XHNH received its concession on October 14, 1976, two months after signing on August 2. It was the first FM radio station in Irapuato.

## InfoBox

XHNH-FM
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Frequency | 95.1 MHz |
| Branding | Stereo 95 |
| Programming | |
| Format | English classic hits |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | * Radio Grupo Antonio Contreras * (Marco Antonio Contreras Chávez; Alicia Hortensia, Amparo Hilda and Adela Contreras Santos) |
| History | |
| First air date | August 2, 1976 |
| Technical information | |
| ERP | 36.03 kW |
| Links | |
| Website | www.radioirapuato.com |


title: When the Evening Bells Ring (1930 film)

abstract: When the Evening Bells Ring is a 1930 German silent drama film directed by Hanns Beck-Gaden and starring Josef Berger, Rosa Kirchner-Lang and Hanns Beck-Gaden. It is a heimatfilm set in Bavaria.

text:
# When the Evening Bells Ring (1930 film)

***When the Evening Bells Ring*** (German: ***Wenn die Abendglocken läuten***) is a 1930 German silent drama film directed by Hanns Beck-Gaden and starring Josef Berger, Rosa Kirchner-Lang and Hanns Beck-Gaden. It is a heimatfilm set in Bavaria.

## Cast

1. Langford p.97

## Bibliography

* Langford, Michelle. *Germany: Directory of World Cinema*. Intellect Books, 2012.

## InfoBox

| When the Evening Bells Ring | |
| --- | --- |
| Actress Maria Minzenti is dressed in traditional Bavarian folk costume | |
| Directed by | Hanns Beck-Gaden |
| Written by | Joseph Dalman
Hanns Beck-Gaden |
| Produced by | Georg Zeigler |
| Starring | Josef Berger
Rosa Kirchner-Lang
Hanns Beck-Gaden
Franz Loskarn |
| Cinematography | Karl Attenberger |
| Production
company | Georg Ziegler Film |
| Distributed by | Leo-Film |
| Release date | * November 1930 (1930-11) |
| Country | Germany |
| Languages | Silent film
German intertitles |


title: Neapolitans (chocolate)

abstract: Neapolitans are individually wrapped square or rectangular pieces of chocolate in assorted flavours. They are often served by hotels and coffee shops and when used for promotional purposes may feature packaging with personalised branding. Neapolitans are about 3 centimeters (1.2 in) by 2 centimeters (0.79 in) in size, weigh about 5 grams (0.18 oz), and are individually wrapped. They may be of any type of chocolate. Terry's of York, England, first mass-produced neapolitans in 1899. They have since been produced in many flavours by many confectionery companies. The name "neapolitan" originates from a gift that was made by Louis XVIII in 1819 to Marie-Caroline of Bourbon, a princess from Naples. Each rectangle of chocolate was wrapped individually and featured a view of Naples.

text:
# Neapolitans (chocolate)

**Neapolitans** (also *Napolitains* or *Naps*) are individually wrapped square or rectangular pieces of chocolate in assorted flavours. They are often served by hotels and coffee shops (often with a cup of coffee) and when used for promotional purposes may feature packaging with personalised branding.

Neapolitans are about 3 centimeters (1.2 in) by 2 centimeters (0.79 in) in size, weigh about 5 grams (0.18 oz), and are individually wrapped. They may be of any type of chocolate. Terry's of York, England, first mass-produced neapolitans in 1899. They have since been produced in many flavours by many confectionery companies.

The name "neapolitan" originates from a gift that was made by Louis XVIII in 1819 to Marie-Caroline of Bourbon, a princess from Naples. Each rectangle of chocolate was wrapped individually and featured a view of Naples.

## InfoBox

Neapolitans
| Neapolitans served with a cup of espresso | |
| --- | --- |
| Type | Chocolate |
| Main ingredients | Chocolate |


title: Neapolitan sauce

abstract: Neapolitan sauce is the collective name given to various basic tomato-based sauces derived from Italian cuisine, often served over or alongside pasta. In Naples, Neapolitan sauce is simply referred to as salsa, which literally translates to 'sauce'. Basil, bay leaf, thyme, oregano, peppercorns, cloves, olives, and mushrooms may be included depending on taste preferences. Some variants include carrots and celery. Outside Italy, the basic sauce is vegetarian, although meat such as minced beef or sausage can be added. By contrast, in Italy, the sauce dish carrying Naples in its name is a sauce called Neapolitan ragù.

text:
# Neapolitan sauce

**Neapolitan sauce** is the collective name given (outside Italy) to various basic tomato-based sauces derived from Italian cuisine, often served over or alongside pasta.

In Naples, Neapolitan sauce is simply referred to as ***salsa***, which literally translates to 'sauce'. Basil, bay leaf, thyme, oregano, peppercorns, cloves, olives, and mushrooms may be included depending on taste preferences. Some variants include carrots and celery. Outside Italy, the basic sauce is vegetarian, although meat such as minced beef or sausage can be added. By contrast, in Italy, the sauce dish carrying Naples in its name is a sauce called Neapolitan ragù.

## Origin

Historically, the first Italian cookbook to include a tomato based sauce, *Lo Scalco alla Moderna* (*The Modern Steward*), was written by Italian chef Antonio Latini and was published in two volumes in 1692 and 1694. Latini served as the Steward of the First Minister to the Spanish Viceroy of Naples.

Neapolitan Sauce at the Wikibooks Cookbook subproject

## InfoBox

Neapolitan sauce
| Vegetarian Neapolitan sauce | |
| --- | --- |
| Type | Sauce |
| Place of origin | Italy |
| Region or state | South Italy |
| Main ingredients | Tomatoes, garlic, onions, herbs |


title: Zédel

abstract: Zédel was a Swiss automobile manufacturer established in 1901 by Ernest Zürcher and Herman Lüthi. The name of the company was created by combining the first letters of the founders' names, "Z" and "L". During the early years of the twentieth century a factory was set up across the frontier in France, and the Swiss operation was closed a few years later, so that from around 1905 the business had become, in effect, a French one.

text:
# Zédel

**Zédel** was a Swiss automobile manufacturer established in 1901 by Ernest Zürcher and Herman Lüthi. The name of the company was created by combining the first letters of the founders' names, "Z" and "L".

During the early years of the twentieth century a factory was set up across the frontier in France, and the Swiss operation was closed a few years later, so that from around 1905 the business had become, in effect, a French one.

## History

The company's origins go back to 1896 when Ernest Zürcher (known in German language sources as Ernst Zürcher) set up a workshop in Neuchâtel and in 1897 became the first Swiss producer of motorcycle engines. He was commercially successful, and on 4 January 1901, with Hermann Lüthi, he founded the company "Zürcher & Lüthi & Cie SA" at nearby Saint-Aubin-Sauges. On 21 March 1902 Hermann Lüthi withdrew from the business which was now renamed as "SA Fabrique de Moteurs et de Machines ZL".

In 1903 the company established a production facility in Pontarlier, between Lausanne and Besançon and, importantly, on the French side of the frontier. The location was chosen in order to avoid the tariff barriers that protected French manufacturers from Swiss imports. Shortly after this, on 30 June 1905, Zürcher closed the Swiss production facility at Saint-Aubin-Sauges. Establishing production in France also gave Zedel direct access to experienced automotive engineers and technicians in France which was at this time still, in terms of output, the world's leading automobile producer. By 1906 (and possibly a little earlier), Zedel was producing automobiles (known as *Zedels*) at Pontarlier. By 1914 about 400 units had been produced.

Swiss production of engines, motor bikes and automobiles resumed briefly from 11 November 1907 when Zürcher appointed a Swiss engineer called Samuel Graf as director of the company's Swiss affiliate and the Saint-Aubin-Sauges facility was reopened. However, Swiss production came to an end again in 1908.

In 1919, the company was taken over by Jérôme Donnet, an automobile pioneer who had prospered during the war as a producer of flying boats. The company became known as Donnet-Zédel, although in October 1919 they were still exhibiting at the Paris Motor Show under the "Zedel" name. For 1920 the manufacturer was offering a 4-cylinder 2742cc engined car with a 2,950 mm (116 in) wheelbase, priced in bare chassis form at 14,000 francs. Also offered were a torpedo bodied car with 4/6 seats from 21,000 francs and a saloon/sedan style closed bodied "conduite intérieure" version at 26,000 francs.

## Sources and notes


title: Natural landscaping

abstract: Natural landscaping, also called native gardening, is the use of native plants including trees, shrubs, groundcover, and grasses which are local to the geographic area of the garden.

text:
# Natural landscaping

**Natural landscaping**, also called **native gardening**, is the use of native plants including trees, shrubs, groundcover, and grasses which are local to the geographic area of the garden.

## Benefits

### Maintenance

Natural landscaping is adapted to the climate, geography and hydrology and should require no pesticides, fertilizers and watering to maintain, given that native plants have adapted and evolved to local conditions over thousands of years. However, these applications may be necessary for some preventive care of trees and other vegetation.

Native plants suit today's interest in "low-maintenance" gardening and landscaping, with many species vigorous and hardy and able to survive winter cold and summer heat. Once established, they can flourish without irrigation or fertilization, and are resistant to most pests and diseases.

Many municipalities have quickly recognized the benefits of natural landscaping due to municipal budget constraints and reductions and the general public is now benefiting from the implementation of natural landscaping techniques to save water and create more personal time.

### Ecology and habitat

Native plants provide suitable habitat for native species of butterflies, birds, pollinators, and other wildlife. They provide more variety in gardens by offering myriad alternatives to the often planted introduced species, cultivars, and invasive species. The indigenous plants have co-evolved with animals, fungi and microbes, to form a complex network of relationships. They are the foundation of their native habitats and ecosystems, or natural communities.

Such gardens often benefit from the plants being evolved and habituated to the local climate, pests and herbivores, and soil conditions, and so may require fewer to no soil amendments, irrigation, pesticides, and herbicides for a beautiful, lower maintenance, and more sustainable landscape.

#### Habitat challenges

However, while local provenance plants have adapted to local conditions (which includes climate, soil, and other native plants and animals), there will often be instances, especially in cities, where one or more of these will have been radically altered.

Examples include:

* Building rubble used as landfill may raise soil pH (i.e. create alkaline soil), which can be problematic in regions of acidic soils (with local plants adapted to acid soils).
* Buildings cast a substantial shade, this may give rise to conditions substantially shadier than needed by local plants.
* Soil which is high in organic material and nutrients is often introduced into gardens, or many gardeners will have used fertilizers. Plants from some areas may not thrive under these conditions. For example, many Australian plants are particularly sensitive to phosphorus.
* Many native plants are adapted to, and benefit from, periodic wildfires that occurred before and during pre-modern settlement. These fires can be simulated in the garden by either "high mowing" or a controlled burn every few years.

Many weeds in an area are usually the result of imported plants. These plants become invasive because there are no natural controls such as disease, weather, or fauna in their new environment. They take over native habitats, reducing shelter and food for local fauna. Using local provenance plants increases the biodiversity of and is important for the health of a region's overall ecology.

Much of the wild areas have been destroyed to make room for urban development. Housing developments have replaced native habitats with ornamental plants and lawns, pushing the wildland–urban interface further out. While development won't be stopped, gardeners can keep wild areas and green spaces filled with native species on their lots and in their communities.

Despite this, there are usually plenty of indigenous or native plants which will grow and thrive in the area one is trying to establish a native garden.

#### Native plants

The use of native plants in a garden or landscape can both preserve and protect natural ecosystems, and reduce the amount of care and energy required to maintain a healthy garden or landscape. Native plants are adapted to the local climate and geology, and often require less maintenance than exotic species. Native plants also support populations of native birds, insects, and other animals that they coevolved with, thus promoting a healthy community of organisms.

Plants in a garden or maintained landscape often form a source population from which plants can colonize new areas. Avoiding the use of invasive species helps to prevent such plants from establishing new populations. Similarly, the use of native species can provide a valuable source to help these plants colonise new areas.

Some non-native species can form an ecological trap in which native species are lured into an environment that appears attractive but is poorly suited to them.

However, in Britain research by the University of Sheffield as part of the BUGS project (Biodiversity in Urban Gardens in Sheffield) has revealed that for many invertebrates  the majority of wild animals in most gardens  it is not just native plants which can sustain them. The findings were published in popular form in Ken Thompson's book 'No Nettles Required: The truth about wildlife gardening' He confirms the approach which Chris Baines had promoted in 'How to Make a Wildlife Garden'.

Some ecosystems may benefit from any increase in biomass, from the introduction of certain non-native species, or any increase in biodiversity. In the case of disturbed areas some exotic/non-native plants may fare better than the displaced, native inhabitants, in the process increasing the biodiversity and biological biomass.

## Types

### In general

Native gardens include the following kinds:

### Wildflower gardens

"Wildflower" in some nations denominates the numerous showy flowers from some drier climates, most notably southwest Western Australia, southern Africa, and North America.

Some wildflower gardens attempt to recreate a prairie, including native grasses along with flowering plants, i. e. forbs. Such gardens benefit the local wildlife, often attracting birds, butterflies, and small mammals. By carefully choosing the plants for the garden, some of these animals can be encouraged to visit the garden. One popular type of wildflower garden specializes in attracting butterflies and is thus denominated a "butterfly garden".

The native plants cultivated in wildflower gardens often have deep roots, and therefore are effective selections for absorbing surface runoff and allowing the water to infiltrate into the local water table. Wildflower gardens cultivated for capturing runoff in this mode are denominated "rain gardens".

### Rain gardens

Rain gardens absorb rainwater from gutters and impervious surfaces and function much better when planted with native plants which tolerate the alternation of flooding and drying.

## Advantages

* no fertilization required
* no additional water
* more water available for other uses and other people
* zero to near zero work needed for maintenance
* no lawn mowing
* erosion reduced to a minimum
* natural landscaped plants take full advantage of rainfall
* when water restrictions are implemented, native landscaped plants will survive, while other plants may not
* increased habitat for native flora and fauna
* increased beneficial insect population reduces pests
* where heavily forested, provides shade on homes and businesses saving energy
* native plants rarely become invasive

## Disadvantages

* not good for outdoor games that require a manicured turf.
* in certain areas, wildfires or brushfires may be of great concern.
* may look less conventionally attractive due to reduced available range of plants to choose from.
* may be hard to find native plants which produce adequate quantities of edible matter.

## Effect of new construction

In new construction, builders can either avoid clear cutting or clearing an entire property and disturbing other large flora or builders can completely clear an area of all flora to save construction time and replace the clearing with juvenile specimens once the job is complete. The downside to this is additional costs involved with purchasing replacements. The builder may also choose to plant additional native trees and other flora after construction to help the property blend with natural surroundings.

In some planned developments, natural landscaping is the requirement. Builders may not remove trees larger than a specific diameter and owners may not arbitrarily cut trees without a permit.

## Land reclamation

Throughout the world, forested areas are often turned into cattle grazing or farmland. Often this land is then turned into residential or commercial use property. By returning the land back to its original state prior to human disturbance, vast amounts of energy usage and increasing pollution can be reduced. Natural landscaping costs less to install than traditional landscaping and, after the initial few years, reduces maintenance costs, combats erosion, and accommodates storm and flood waters better.

## Native plant societies

In many parts of the world there are societies, clubs or local groups, such as Bushcare or Australian Native Plants Society in Australia, the North American Native Plant Society, Pennsylvania Native Plant Society, or the California Native Plant Society, which are made up of gardeners interested in growing plants local to their area, state or country. In the United States, Wild Ones—Native Plants, Natural Landscapes is a national organization with local chapters in many states. New England Wildflower Society, and Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center. provide information on native plants and promote natural landscaping. These organizations can be the best resources for learning about and obtaining local native plants. Many members have spent years or decades cultivating local plants or bushwalking in local areas.

## Further reading


title: Nebria crassicornis

abstract: Nebria crassicornis is a species of ground beetle from Nebriinae subfamily that can be found in such US states as Montana and Washington.

text:
# Nebria crassicornis

***Nebria crassicornis*** is a species of ground beetle from Nebriinae subfamily that can be found in such US states as Montana and Washington.

## InfoBox

| *Nebria crassicornis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Carabidae |
| Genus: | *Nebria* |
| Subgenus: | Nebria (Boreonebria) |
| Species: | ***N. crassicornis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Nebria crassicornis***<br>Van Dyke, 1925 | |
|


title: Nebria cordicollis ticinensis

abstract: Nebria cordicollis ticinensis is a subspecies of ground beetle in the Nebriinae subfamily that is endemic to Switzerland.

text:
# Nebria cordicollis ticinensis

***Nebria cordicollis ticinensis*** is a subspecies of ground beetle in the Nebriinae subfamily that is endemic to Switzerland.

## InfoBox

| *Nebria cordicollis ticinensis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Carabidae |
| Genus: | *Nebria* |
| Species: | *N. cordicollis* |
| Subspecies: | ***N. c. ticinensis*** |
| Trinomial name | |
| ***Nebria cordicollis ticinensis***<br>Banninger, 1951 | |


title: Neapolitan ice cream

abstract: Neapolitan ice cream, also sometimes referred to as Harlequin ice cream, is an ice cream composed of three separate flavors arranged side by side in the same container, usually without any barrier between them.

text:
# Neapolitan ice cream

**Neapolitan ice cream**, also sometimes referred to as **Harlequin ice cream**, is an ice cream composed of three separate flavors (typically vanilla, chocolate, and strawberry) arranged side by side in the same container, usually without any barrier between them.

## History

Neapolitan ice cream was the first ice cream recipe to combine three flavors. The first recorded recipe was created by head chef of the royal Prussian household Louis Ferdinand Jungius in 1839, who dedicated the recipe to the nobleman, Fürst Pückler. The German name for Neapolitan ice cream is **Fürst-Pückler-Eis**.

Its English-language name of Neapolitan arose in the late 19th century due to confusion about its origin given Italy's reputation for ice cream or because its colors—originally green (pistachio), white (vanilla) and red (cherry)—matched those of the Italian flag. Early recipes featured a variety of flavors, but the combination of chocolate, vanilla, and strawberry became the standard, likely because these were the most popular flavors in the United States at the time of its introduction.

## Quotes from food historians

> Cosmopolitan slice. A slice of ice-cream cake made with mousse mixture and ordinary ice cream, presented in a small pleated paper case. Neapolitan ice cream consists of three layers, each of a different colour and flavour (chocolate, strawberry, and vanilla), moulded into a block and cut into slices. Neapolitan ice-cream makers were famous in Paris at the beginning of the 19th century, especially Tortoni, creator of numerous ice-cream cakes.
>
> Jenifer Harvey Lang, *Larousse Gastronomique*

> Eighteenth century \[...\] confectioners' shops \[were\] very often run by Italians. Consequently ice creams were often called 'Italian ice creams' or 'Neapolitan ice creams' throughout the nineteenth century, and the purveying of such confections became associated with Italian immigrants.
>
> John F. Mariani, *The Encyclopedia of American Food and Drink*

> Neapolitan ice cream, different flavoured layers frozen together \[...\] \[was\] first being talked about in the 1870s.
>
> Stuart Berg Flexner, *I Hear America Talking*

> ...in a dress of pink and white stripes, strongly resembling Neapolitan ice cream.
>
> A cultural reference from *The New York Times*, 1887

## 19th century descriptions

> You must have a Neapolitan box for this ice and fill it up in three or four layers with different coloured and flavoured ice creams (a water ice may be used with the custards); for instance, lemon, vanilla, chocolate and pistachio. Mould in the patent ice cave for about 1½ to 2 hours, turn it out, cut it in slices, and arrange neatly on the dish, on a napkin or dish-paper.
>
> "**Neapolitan box**" (A. B. Marshall, *The Book of Ices*, 1885)

> These are prepared by putting ices of various kinds and colors into a mold known as a Neapolitan ice box, which, when set and turned out, is cut into slices suitable for serving. However small the pieces, the block should be cut so that each person gets some of each kind. They are generally laid on a lace paper on an ice plate. Four or five kinds are usually put in the mold, though three sorts will do. The following will serve as a guide in arranging: First, vanilla cream, then raspberry or cherry or currant water; coffee or chocolate in the middle; the strawberry cream, with lemon or orange or pineapple water to finish. A cream ice flavored with any liqueur, a brown bread cream flavored with brandy, with a couple of bright-colored water ices, form another agreeable mixture. Tea cream may be introduced into almost any combination unless coffee were used. Banana cream, pistachio, or almond cream with cherry water and damson or strawberry water are other options. The Neapolitan Ice Spoon has a double use; ice bowl is for putting the mixture into the mold, and the handle is for leveling it. The boxes may be made of tin, which is less expensive than pewter. They are generally sold small enough to make single ices, but these are much more troublesome to prepare. After filling the molds, if there is no cave, 'bed' the ice in the usual way.
>
> "**Neapolitan Icey Cones**" (Lizzie Heritage, *Cassell's New Universal Cookery Book*, 1894)

## Cake

In Australia, there is a popular cake known as Neapolitan cake or marble cake, made with the same three colours of Neapolitan ice cream swirled through in a marble pattern, usually topped with pink icing.

Media related to Neapolitan ice cream at Wikimedia Commons

## Sources

## InfoBox

Neapolitan ice cream
| A block of Neapolitan ice cream | |
| --- | --- |
| Place of origin | Prussia |
| Main ingredients | Vanilla, chocolate, strawberry ice cream |
| Variations | Historically, colours were of the Italian flag: green (pistachio or almond), white (vanilla), and red (cherry, actually pink). |
|  | |


title: Ncotshane

abstract: Ncotshane is a town in Zululand District Municipality in the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa.

text:
# Ncotshane

**Ncotshane** is a town in Zululand District Municipality in the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa.

## InfoBox

| Ncotshane | |
| --- | --- |
| NcotshaneNcotshane | |
| Coordinates: 27°20′31″S 31°34′48″E / 27.342°S 31.580°E / -27.342; 31.580 | |
| Country | South Africa |
| Province | KwaZulu-Natal |
| District | Zululand |
| Municipality | uPhongolo |
| Area | |
| Total | 2.93 km2 (1.13 sq mi) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 13,071 |
| Density | 4,500/km2 (12,000/sq mi) |
| Racial makeup (2011) | |
| Black African | 99.7% |
| Coloured | 0.1% |
| First languages (2011) | |
| Zulu | 93.4% |
| S. Ndebele | 1.7% |
| Other | 5.0% |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (SAST) |
| Postal code (street) | 3170 |
| PO box | 3151 |


title: Äckligt

abstract: "Äckligt" is a single by Swedish singing R&B duo Ansiktet, from their debut studio album #DENNYARNBMANNEN. It was released in Sweden as a digital download on 20 December 2011. The song has topped the Swedish Singles Chart.

text:
# Äckligt

"**Äckligt**" (lit. "Disgusting") is a single by Swedish singing R&B duo Ansiktet, from their debut studio album *#DENNYARNBMANNEN.* It was released in Sweden as a digital download on 20 December 2011. The song has topped the Swedish Singles Chart.

## Music video

A music video to accompany the release of "Äckligt" was first released onto YouTube on 2 January 2012 at a total length of four minutes and five seconds.

## Track listing

Digital download 1. "Äckligt" - 4:02
2. "Äckligt" (Instrumental) - 4:09

## Charts

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format | Label |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Sweden | 20 December 2011 | Digital Download | Universal Music |
|

## InfoBox

| "Äckligt" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Ansiktet | |
| Released | 20 December 2011 |
| Recorded | 2011 |
| Genre | Pop |
| Length | 4:02 |
| Label | Universal Music |
| Ansiktet singles chronology | |
| "X"
(2011) "**Äckligt**"
(2011) "För Stor"
(2012) | |


title: Xanthomonas cynarae

abstract: Xanthomonas cynarae is a species of bacteria.

text:
# Xanthomonas cynarae

***Xanthomonas cynarae*** is a species of bacteria.

## InfoBox

| *Xanthomonas cynarae* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Bacteria |
| Phylum: | Pseudomonadota |
| Class: | Gammaproteobacteria |
| Order: | Xanthomonadales |
| Family: | Xanthomonadaceae |
| Genus: | *Xanthomonas* |
| Species: | ***X. cynarae*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Xanthomonas cynarae***<br>Trébaol *et al.* 2000, | |
|


title: McArthur River zinc mine

abstract: The McArthur River mine is a zinc-lead mine, situated about 70 kilometres southwest of Borroloola, near the Gulf of Carpentaria in the northeastern Northern Territory, Australia. It is operated by McArthur River Mining (MRM), a subsidiary of the Swiss mining company Glencore. Although discovered in the 1950s, when it was originally called the HYC or "Here's Your Chance" deposit, it only opened as a mine in 1995. Initially an underground mining operation, the mine has been converted to open-cut.

text:
# McArthur River zinc mine

The **McArthur River mine** is a zinc-lead mine, situated about 70 kilometres southwest of Borroloola, near the Gulf of Carpentaria in the northeastern Northern Territory, Australia. It is operated by McArthur River Mining (MRM), a subsidiary of the Swiss mining company Glencore. Although discovered in the 1950s, when it was originally called the HYC or "Here's Your Chance" deposit, it only opened as a mine in 1995. Initially an underground mining operation, the mine has been converted to open-cut.

## Early history

The McArthur River zinc mine is based on one of the world's largest zinc, lead and silver deposits. Tom Lynott, the manager of McArthur River station is attributed with identifying the valuable metals in the area as early as 1887. Small mining ventures were attempted and failed due to the cost of transport. The deposit was proven in 1955 by a survey party from Mount Isa Mines (MIM) and named 'HYC' or 'Here's Your Chance'. The name came out of a conversation between chief geologist Syd Carter and fellow geologist Ron Beresford who were reviewing the progress of the survey party in 1956. Bemoaning that Beresford was naming all the prospects, Carter asked him what the specific area of the zinc deposit was going to be named. Bereford replied "here's your chance Syd" to which Carter replied, "that will do."

Drilling continued during the 1960s. By 1977 the first feasibility studies commenced and a pilot operation and temporary work camp were established. Costs prohibited further development at the time, but by 1989 MIM Holdings were issued the necessary leases to bring the mine into operation. In 1992 it joined forces with Japanese consortium ANT Minerals to develop the mine, forming McArthur River Mining Pty Ltd to operate on their behalf. In November 1993, the *McArthur River Project Agreement Ratification Act* was passed by the Northern Territory Government and the mine was operational by 1995.

## Expansion

By 2001, most of the accessible underground ore was extracted and MIM reported a $900,000 loss. It began looking at the feasibility of turning the mine into an open-cut operation. Terms of Reference for an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) were released in 2003. MIM was acquired by Xstrata in the same year, wholly owning the mine by September 2005.

Plans to expand the mine were announced in 2005. As the main ore body lies directly beneath the river, the expansion required the diversion of 5.5 km of the McArthur River. The mine's expansion was quickly approved, with the support of Prime Minister John Howard. The approval was later revoked by action taken by the Northern Land Council with the support of the traditional owners and the Environmental Defenders Office, through the Supreme Court of the Northern Territory. This decision was also overturned within days and the mine given the go-ahead once more by parliamentary vote. The traditional owners continued to protest, taking the matter to the Federal Court of Australia. They won the case, only to have this decision declared invalid. The final decision was left to Peter Garrett, the Federal Environmental Minister at the time. Xstrata had threatened to sack all 170 staff unless Garrett made a quick decision. On 22 January 2009 he approved the expansion, "subject to a further 10 days of evaluation by Indigenous groups and others", promising also to protect local species such as the sawfish and migratory birds. Later in 2009, a report found that the mine's environmental impact was not being monitored.

In 2012 mining giant Glencore bought the remaining 66% share in Xstrata, taking over the McArthur River Mine. In 2013, the Northern Territory Government approved another $360 million expansion that would double its size and production, extending the life of the mine to 2038. Following an environmental impact study, the expansion is expected to increase production to 5.5 million tonnes per year and increase the workforce to 735 by 2020. It will extend the mine's life until 2038 and is projected to contribute $8.4 billion to the Northern Territory economy and $9.3 billion nationally.

## Operation

The HYC deposit covers around and area of about two square kilometres and is 55 m in depth. Approximately 2.5 million tonnes of ore containing 383 kt of zinc, 93 kt of lead and 110 t of silver are currently mined per year, supplying markets in Europe, Japan and China. Bulk concentrate is refined to make zinc and lead metal and alloys.

### Ore processing

The HYC ore body consists of an extremely fine dissemination of the valuable mineral grains intermeshed with the gangue. The technology to efficiently produce a marketable concentrate from this type of ore was not available until long after the deposit was identified. After Mount Isa Mines successfully introduced the IsaMill, the fine grinding necessary for mineral liberation was available for McArthur River to be developed. This unusual mineralogy combined with the ore's relatively high lead levels makes the lead and zinc virtually inseparable prior to smelting, and there are very few smelters which can process concentrate which is high in lead. These issues led Mount Isa Mines (later Xstrata) to develop a new lead-zinc leaching process in partnership with Highlands Pacific, known as the Albion process. The technology has now been applied to both gold and base metal projects also.

### Transport

Bulk concentrate is trucked 120 km from the mine to a loading facility in the Gulf of Carpentaria. The concentrate is loaded onto a ship at the Bing Bong loading facility. From here the purpose-built barge called MV *Aburri* operates a shuttle service from the loading facility to a point fifteen nautical miles offshore where the concentrate is transferred on to overseas bulk carriers. There have been several transportation incidents.

## Environmental impacts

### Creek contamination

Seepage from the Tailings Storage Facility at the mine have been detected in the nearby Surprise Creek. Monitoring in 2005, 2007 and 2010 shows that soluble sulfate, zinc and, potentially, lead and cadmium are seeping into Surprise Creek. Dust from operations at the run of mine pad and crushing plant is contaminating stream sediments in both Barney Creek and Surprise Creek, affecting macroinvertebrate species. An extreme risk of embankment failure, or "overtopping", of the spillway in the Tailings Storage Facility due to water volumes has also been identified, requiring immediate action.

### Fish contamination

Local Indigenous people have also raised concerns about contamination of fish in the McArthur River. Testing by the Northern Territory Government and the mine's consultant found that small species, including rainbow fish and bony bream, have been contaminated with lead above maximum-permitted concentrations, making them unsafe for human consumption. In 2015, reports showed that Glencore and the Northern Territory Health Department did not act on a recommendation from the Chief Health Officer to warn people living near the mine to not eat fish from three locations.

A small section of seagrass, which provides food for dugongs has also been destroyed by dredging at the Bing Bong Loading Facility. Potential for bioaccumulation of heavy metals in dugongs, a significant concern for Aboriginals from Borroloola who eat the meat, has been identified as a result from potential ore spillage at the facility.

### Uncontrolled toxic fire

A waste dump at the mine has been burning since 2013. Pyrite iron sulphide stacked in the dump overheated and ignited. The rock was misclassified in its Environmental Impact Statement as 12 per cent reactive potentially acid-forming rock and the rest non-acid-forming. Workers were allegedly told to cover up details of the extent of the fire and now claim to be suffering from respiratory conditions as a result of breathing toxic smoke from the fire.

After claiming the fire had been brought under control, photos of smoke coming from the mine emerged again in March 2015, sparking an investigation by the Environment Protection Authority. Sightings of smoke again in July 2016, turned out to be dust from the dump, causing the immediate closure of the site and an investigation into why dust mitigation measures were not being complied with.

### Rehabilitation

Rehabilitation of the site is estimated to cost up to $1 billion. In 2015, the Northern Territory Government threatened to close McArthur River Mine unless it improved its environmental practices and agreed to increase the size of the financial bond for the site's final remediation. Local Indigenous people and environmental groups continue to call for the mine's immediate closure and rehabilitation of the site.

### Cyclone

The mine closed temporarily in March 2024 after flooding due to record levels of rain, reaching 274 millimetres in just 24 hours due to Tropical Cyclone Megan. Traditional owners then raised concerns over resulting erosion to acidic waste rock piles, however Glencore stated that the "stability and integrity of the dump had not been impacted".

## Climate

| Climate data for McArthur River Mine Airport, elevation 40 m (130 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1969–present) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 45.0
(113.0) | 45.3
(113.5) | 43.4
(110.1) | 40.2
(104.4) | 37.7
(99.9) | 35.7
(96.3) | 36.2
(97.2) | 38.4
(101.1) | 40.9
(105.6) | 43.7
(110.7) | 44.3
(111.7) | 46.0
(114.8) | 46.0
(114.8) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 35.8
(96.4) | 35.5
(95.9) | 35.6
(96.1) | 35.2
(95.4) | 32.6
(90.7) | 30.3
(86.5) | 30.8
(87.4) | 32.3
(90.1) | 36.0
(96.8) | 38.2
(100.8) | 38.9
(102.0) | 38.1
(100.6) | 34.9
(94.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 25.1
(77.2) | 24.9
(76.8) | 23.9
(75.0) | 21.0
(69.8) | 16.9
(62.4) | 13.4
(56.1) | 12.6
(54.7) | 13.3
(55.9) | 17.7
(63.9) | 21.5
(70.7) | 24.2
(75.6) | 25.2
(77.4) | 20.0
(68.0) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 16.0
(60.8) | 17.0
(62.6) | 13.8
(56.8) | 7.5
(45.5) | 3.2
(37.8) | 1.6
(34.9) | 1.0
(33.8) | 2.7
(36.9) | 6.0
(42.8) | 9.3
(48.7) | 14.5
(58.1) | 16.5
(61.7) | 1.0
(33.8) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 257.4
(10.13) | 195.1
(7.68) | 147.4
(5.80) | 33.4
(1.31) | 3.2
(0.13) | 1.8
(0.07) | 0.2
(0.01) | 0.5
(0.02) | 1.8
(0.07) | 25.5
(1.00) | 62.5
(2.46) | 135.3
(5.33) | 864.1
(34.01) |
| Average rainy days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 12.0 | 11.8 | 9.0 | 2.9 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 1.7 | 5.0 | 8.8 | 52.6 |
| Source: Australian Bureau of Meteorology | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

McArthur River mine
| The MV *Aburri* transports mineral concentrate from the port to export vessels | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | |
| McArthur River mineLocation in Australia | |
| Location | Borroloola |
| Territory | Northern Territory |
| Country | Australia |
| Coordinates | 16°25′34.81″S 136°04′38.73″E / 16.4263361°S 136.0774250°E / -16.4263361; 136.0774250 |
| Production | |
| Products | Lead-zinc-silver bulk concentrate
Zinc concentrate |
| Production | Zinc (t): 271,200
Lead (t): 55,300
Silver (oz): 1,675,000 |
| Financial year | 2019 |
| History | |
| Opened | 1993 |
| Owner | |
| Company | Glencore |
| Website | http://www.glencore.com/ http://www.mcarthurrivermine.com.au/ |


abstract: Lisie Jamy is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pisz, within Pisz County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) north of Pisz and 88 km (55 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

text:
# Lisie Jamy, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship

**Lisie Jamy** \[ˈliɕɛ ˈjamɨ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pisz, within Pisz County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) north of Pisz and 88 km (55 mi) east of the regional capital Olsztyn.

## InfoBox

| Lisie Jamy | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
|  | |
| Lisie Jamy | |
| Coordinates: 53°42′N 21°49′E / 53.700°N 21.817°E / 53.700; 21.817 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Warmian-Masurian |
| County | Pisz |
| Gmina | Pisz |


title: Tommy Woods (basketball)

abstract: James Thomas Woods Jr. is a retired American professional basketball player. He played for the Kentucky Colonels during the 1967–68 ABA season after a collegiate career at East Tennessee State University (ETSU). He also played internationally for a time after his one season in the ABA.

text:
# Tommy Woods (basketball)

**James Thomas Woods Jr.** (born June 10, 1943) is a retired American professional basketball player. He played for the Kentucky Colonels during the 1967–68 ABA season after a collegiate career at East Tennessee State University (ETSU). He also played internationally for a time after his one season in the ABA.

## Career

Woods was a racial integration pioneer in college. When he enrolled at ETSU as a freshman in 1963–64 to play basketball, he became the first African-American player in school history. In a segregated southern United States, Woods was harshly booed early in his college career. His final three seasons from 1964 to 1967, in which he was eligible to play for the varsity team, saw Woods have an ETSU Hall of Fame career. He was a two-time All-Ohio Valley Conference Team selection and set still-unbroken school records for rebounds in a game (38), career (1,034) and career per-game average (16.2). By the end of his career, the same fans who had been booing him as a freshman were giving him "loudest and longest" standing ovation on senior night that a local reporter had ever seen.

After college, Woods played in the American Basketball Association for the Kentucky Colonels for one season. After a brief stint playing internationally, he retired due to an injury. Woods then served as a police officer in Louisville, Kentucky for the next 30-plus years. In 1996, ETSU inducted him into their hall of fame. On November 3, 2012, in a ceremony prior to the school's 2012–13 season, the men's basketball locker room was named in his honor.

## Career statistics

Legend
| GP | Games played | GS | Games started | MPG | Minutes per game |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| FG% | Field goal percentage | 3P% | 3-point field goal percentage | FT% | Free throw percentage |
| RPG | Rebounds per game | APG | Assists per game | SPG | Steals per game |
| BPG | Blocks per game | PPG | Points per game | **Bold** | Career high |

### ABA

Source

#### Regular season

| Year | Team | GP | MPG | FG% | 3P% | FT% | RPG | APG | PPG |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1967–68 | Kentucky | 18 | 10.2 | .326 | .000 | .875 | 3.1 | .2 | 2.3 |

## InfoBox

Tommy Woods
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1943-06-10) June 10, 1943<br>Blount County, Tennessee |
| Nationality | American |
| Listed height | 6 ft 7 in (2.01 m) |
| Listed weight | 210 lb (95 kg) |
| Career information | |
| High school | Charles M. Hall (Alcoa, Tennessee) |
| College | East Tennessee State (1964–1967) |
| NBA draft | 1967: undrafted |
| Position | Power forward |
| Number | 54 |
| Career history | |
| 1967–1968 | Kentucky Colonels |
|  | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
| * 2× All-OVC (1966, 1967) | |
|  | |
| Stats at Basketball-Reference.com | |


title: Stewart of Balquhidder

abstract: Stewart of Balquhidder is a Perthshire branch of the Stewart clan and scions of the royal House of Stewart from an illegitimate branch. They are descended from Sir William Stewart of Baldorran, who was the great grandson of Murdoch Stewart, Duke of Albany, executed by King James I of Scotland for treason in 1425. Murdoch Stewart was himself the grandson of King Robert II of Scotland, who founded the Stewart dynasty. The Stewarts of Balquhidder include the Stewarts of Ardvorlich, Glen Buckie, Gartnafuaran, and Annat. These families lived in the areas of Balquhidder, Callander, The Trossachs, Loch Earn and as far south as Stirling, from the 15th century to the present day. For the most part they were Tacksmen, land-holders of intermediate legal and social status in Scottish Highland society. Although there is no formal clan association, the titular Clan Chief would be Alexander Donald Stewart, 15th Laird of Ardvorlich, of Ardvorlich House, near Comrie, Perthshire. Stewart's family have lived at Ardvorlich House for over 400 years.

text:
# Stewart of Balquhidder

**Stewart of Balquhidder** is a Perthshire branch of the Stewart clan and scions of the royal House of Stewart from an illegitimate branch. They are descended from Sir William Stewart of Baldorran (c.1440  c.1500), who was the great grandson of Murdoch Stewart, Duke of Albany, executed by King James I of Scotland for treason in 1425. Murdoch Stewart was himself the grandson of King Robert II of Scotland, who founded the Stewart dynasty.

The Stewarts of Balquhidder include the Stewarts of Ardvorlich, Glen Buckie, Gartnafuaran, and Annat. These families lived in the areas of Balquhidder, Callander, The Trossachs, Loch Earn and as far south as Stirling, from the 15th century to the present day. For the most part they were Tacksmen (Scottish Gaelic: Fear-Taic, meaning "supporting man"), land-holders of intermediate legal and social status in Scottish Highland society.

Although there is no formal clan association, the titular Clan Chief (were one to exist) would be Alexander Donald Stewart, 15th Laird of Ardvorlich, of Ardvorlich House, near Comrie, Perthshire. Stewart's family have lived at Ardvorlich House for over 400 years.

## Geography

Balquhidder is a parish in Perthshire, Scotland. The Stewart lands once included parts of neighbouring Comrie, Callander, Doune, Glen Ogle and Kilmadock. The families were associated together in a clan-like relationship in much the same way as the better known Clan Stewart of Appin.

## History

After the execution of Murdoch Stewart Duke of Albany in 1425 and the forfeiture of the Albany Estates, Albany's youngest and only surviving son, James Mor Stewart, fled to Antrim, Ireland to escape the King's vengeance. Though James would never return to his native Scotland, his youngest son James "Beag" Stewart was eventually able to secure a royal pardon and return home. He married Annabel Buchanan, daughter of Patrick, 14th Laird of Buchanan, and was granted the estate of Baldorran (aka "Balindoran"), Stirlingshire. William Stewart was their second son.

In or around 1488 William Stewart of Baldorran was appointed Royal Bailie of the Crown Lands of Balquhidder, Perthshire. William brought the Stewart name to Balquhidder and founded the Balquhidder Stewart clan. The Stewarts of Ardvorlich, Glen Buckie, Gartnafuaran and Annat and their cadet families are all descended from him.

The Stewarts carved out a home for themselves in a relatively lawless part of Scotland, sharing the neighbourhood with the generally hostile Campbells of Edinample Castle, Aberuchill Castle, and Lawers House. More distant, but still close, were the Drummonds of Drummond Castle, the MacLarens of Strathyre, the Murrays of Ochtertyre, the Neishes of Neishes Isle, the MacNabs of Kinnoull in Glen Dochart, and the MacGregors of Balquhidder. Some were friends and others hostile.

### Sir Walter Scott's *A Legend of Montrose*

The following story of murder provided the inspiration for Sir Walter Scott’s tale, *A Legend of Montrose*.

In the Seventeenth Century it was the custom to provide hospitality to anyone who asked for food and shelter. If the guest was not a friend, they were still put up, but instead of a cooked meal were given cold meat (this is where the phrase "given the cold shoulder" comes from). In accordance with this custom, Lady Margaret Stewart at Ardvorlich, pregnant at the time, gave hospitality to some travelling MacGregors. However, they had just come from murdering her brother, John Drummond of Drummonderinoch, and while she was out of the room placed his severed head on a silver platter, and placed in his mouth some of the cold victuals she had served them. She was so distraught that she ran out to the hills and gave birth to James Stewart, later known as the "Mad Major". The Loch she gave birth by is now known as Lochan na Mna, the Loch of the Woman, on the side of Beinn Domhnuill.

Major James Stewart is one of the great historical characters of the Covenanting Wars and is the hero of Sir Walter Scott's novel *A Legend of Montrose*, in which Scott changed James Stewart's name to *Allan M'Aulay*. This name is actually engraved on the foot of Major Stewart's gravestone in the Stewarts of Ardvorlich old kirk of Dundurn just outside the village of St Fillans on the shores of Loch Earn.

## Cadet Families

There are four principal branches of the Stewarts of Balquhidder: Ardvorlich, Glen Buckie, Gartnafuaran, and Annat. Each of these four principal families have several cadet branches and can also spell the name Steuart or Stuart. The Stewarts of Ardvorlich are the principal branch of the family.

## Ardvorlich House

Ardvorlich House, near Comrie, Perthshire, long the seat of the Stewarts of Ardvorlich, remains intact today. An account published in 1819 describes the house as: "The seat of William Stewart, Esq., surrounded by fine old timber, and very young plantations". The fictional castle of “Darnlinvarach”, described in Sir Walter Scott's 1819 novel *A Legend of Montrose*, was based on Ardvorlich House, which Scott had himself visited. The Stewarts of Ardvorlich have owned the estate for more than 400 years and continue to do so to the present day. The present 15th Laird of Ardvorlich is Alexander "Sandy" Stewart.

## Notable Clan Members

## Ancestry of Stewarts of Balquhidder


title: We Ride Tonight

abstract: "We Ride Tonight" is a song by Australian band The Sherbs, released in May 1982. It was released from the band's ninth studio album Defying Gravity. The song reached at number 26 on the US Mainstream Rock in June 1982. The song was written by the Sherbet band members Garth Porter, Tony Mitchell and Daryl Braithwaite. The B-side is "Some People".

text:
# We Ride Tonight

"**We Ride Tonight**" is a song by Australian band The Sherbs, released in May 1982. It was released from the band's ninth studio album *Defying Gravity*. The song reached at number 26 on the US Mainstream Rock in June 1982. The song was written by the Sherbet band members Garth Porter, Tony Mitchell and Daryl Braithwaite. The B-side is "Some People".

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Garth Porter, Tony Mitchell and Daryl Braithwaite

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "We Ride Tonight" | 3:59 |
| 2. | "Some People" | 4:36 |

## Charts

| Chart (1982) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| US Mainstream Rock | 26 |

## Cover versions

French duo Daft Punk sampled "We Ride Tonight" on the song "Contact" from the 2013 album *Random Access Memories*, which was a number one album in many countries.

## InfoBox

| "We Ride Tonight" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by The Sherbs | |
| from the album  *Defying Gravity* | |
| B-side | "Some People" |
| Released | May 1982 |
| Genre | Rock |
| Length | 3:59 |
| Label | Atco |
| Songwriter(s) | Garth Porter, Tony Mitchell, Daryl Braithwaite |
| Producer(s) | Richard Lush, The Sherbs |
| The Sherbs singles chronology | |
| "Some People"
(1982) "**We Ride Tonight**"
(1982) "Don't Throw It All Away"
(1982) | |
|  | |
| Audio | |
| "We Ride Tonight" on YouTube | |
|  | |


title: XHNK-FM

abstract: XHNK-FM is a radio station serving Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas and Laredo, Texas. XHNK is owned by Grupo AS, an affiliate of Radiorama, and carries the Los 40 format from Radiópolis.

text:
# XHNK-FM

**XHNK-FM** (99.3 MHz) is a radio station serving Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas and Laredo, Texas. XHNK is owned by Grupo AS, an affiliate of Radiorama, and carries the Los 40 format from Radiópolis.

## History

XHNK was proposed in 1967 and received its concession in 1973. It was owned by and named for Guillermo Núñez Keith.

XHNK was among the first to broadcast in HD Radio in Mexico and the first in the two Laredos.

Recent formats for XHNK have included classic hits Éxtasis Digital, Los 40 Principales, and Arroba FM (Radiorama's CHR pop format). In 2016, XHNK returned to Los 40.

## InfoBox

XHNK-FM
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Broadcast area | Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas<br>Laredo, Texas |
| Frequency | 99.3 MHz (HD Radio) |
| Branding | Los 40 |
| Programming | |
| Format | Spanish CHR |
| Affiliations | Radiópolis |
| Ownership | |
| Owner |  |
| Sister stations | XHWL-FM, XHENU-FM |
| History | |
| First air date | November 23, 1973 (concession) |
| Call sign meaning | Guillermo **N**úñez **K**eith (original concessionaire) |
| Technical information | |
| Class | B |
| ERP | 14,330 watts |
| HAAT | 35 meters |
| Transmitter coordinates | 27°29′37″N 99°30′56″W / 27.4935327°N 99.515622°W / 27.4935327; -99.515622 |
| Links | |
| Webcast | XHNK-FM |


title: Wielgie Milickie

abstract: Wielgie Milickie is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Milicz, within Milicz County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.

text:
# Wielgie Milickie

**Wielgie Milickie** \[ˈvjɛlɡʲɛ miˈlit͡skʲɛ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Milicz, within Milicz County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.

## InfoBox

| Wielgie Milickie | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Wielgie Milickie | |
| Coordinates: 51°31′17″N 17°30′07″E / 51.52139°N 17.50194°E / 51.52139; 17.50194 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Lower Silesian |
| County | Milicz |
| Gmina | Milicz |


title: Wielgolas, Lublin Voivodeship

abstract: Wielgolas is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Krzywda, within Łuków County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) north-west of Krzywda, 20 km (12 mi) south-west of Łuków, and 72 km (45 mi) north-west of the regional capital Lublin.

text:
# Wielgolas, Lublin Voivodeship

**Wielgolas** \[vjɛlˈɡɔlas\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Krzywda, within Łuków County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) north-west of Krzywda, 20 km (12 mi) south-west of Łuków, and 72 km (45 mi) north-west of the regional capital Lublin.

## InfoBox

| Wielgolas | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Wielgolas | |
| Coordinates: 51°50′N 22°8′E / 51.833°N 22.133°E / 51.833; 22.133 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Lublin |
| County | Łuków |
| Gmina | Krzywda |


title: White Buffalo (Cheyenne leader)

abstract: White Buffalo was a chief of the Northern Cheyenne. He was born in Montana Territory to the Northern Cheyenne tribe but was forced with most of his tribe to remove to Indian Territory. He lived most of his life on the Cheyenne and Arapaho Reservation in Indian Territory and then Oklahoma. He graduated in 1884 as one of the early attendees of Carlisle Indian Industrial School, in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, one of 249 students from his tribe to attend that school over the years of its operation. He returned to the Darlington Agency in Oklahoma after his schooling, and during his twenties, he was an Indian scout in the detachment of scouts headed by Edward W Casey. When he was 40, he was the victim of a deliberate libel of murder by a Wichita newspaper writer, W. R. Draper, in 1902, which saw Draper arrested and arraigned for the libel case. Prior to the perpetration of this libel, White Buffalo had risen to chief status for his tribe. This status is evidenced by his portrait, taken by Frank Rinehart, official photographer at the 1898 Indian Congress held in Omaha, Nebraska. That Congress was held in conjunction with the Trans-Mississippi International Exposition and was attended by 500 tribal members from 35 different tribes. Rinehart took a series of photographs of the chiefs of the various tribes during that Indian Congress, labeling White Buffalo as one of the chiefs. In 1929, he was listed in numerous newspapers as the head of a delegation of 108 Oklahoma Indians from 23 tribes who traveled to Washington, DC, to escort Charles Curtis, of Indian blood, to his inauguration as Vice President of the United States. White Buffalo was married to Medicine Woman, a widowed full blood Northern Cheyenne, and at that time in 1910, they had 3 surviving sons of seven children total. He died in late June 1929, and is buried in the Indian Mission Church on the reservation. He was survived by his wife and children.

text:
# White Buffalo (Cheyenne leader)

**White Buffalo** (c. 1862- June 1929) was a chief of the Northern Cheyenne. He was born in Montana Territory to the Northern Cheyenne tribe but was forced with most of his tribe to remove to Indian Territory (now the State of Oklahoma). He lived most of his life on the Cheyenne and Arapaho Reservation in Indian Territory and then Oklahoma. He graduated in 1884 as one of the early attendees of Carlisle Indian Industrial School, in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, one of 249 students from his tribe to attend that school over the years of its operation.

He returned to the Darlington Agency in Oklahoma after his schooling, and during his twenties, he was an Indian scout in the detachment of scouts headed by Edward W Casey. When he was 40, he was the victim of a deliberate libel of murder by a Wichita newspaper writer, W. R. Draper, in 1902, which saw Draper arrested and arraigned for the libel case. Prior to the perpetration of this libel, White Buffalo had risen to chief status for his tribe. This status is evidenced by his portrait, taken by Frank Rinehart, official photographer at the 1898 Indian Congress held in Omaha, Nebraska. That Congress was held in conjunction with the Trans-Mississippi International Exposition and was attended by 500 tribal members from 35 different tribes. Rinehart took a series of photographs of the chiefs of the various tribes during that Indian Congress, labeling White Buffalo as one of the chiefs. In 1929, he was listed in numerous newspapers as the head of a delegation of 108 Oklahoma Indians from 23 tribes who traveled to Washington, DC, to escort Charles Curtis, of Indian blood, to his inauguration as Vice President of the United States. White Buffalo was married to Medicine Woman, a widowed full blood Northern Cheyenne, and at that time in 1910, they had 3 surviving sons of seven children total. He died in late June 1929, and is buried in the Indian Mission Church on the reservation. He was survived by his wife and children.

## Early life

White Buffalo was born in Montana as were his parents, according to the 1910 U. S. Federal Census records. The Cheyenne were wide-ranging in their hunting grounds, ranging from Montana to Texas. After the Medicine Lodge Treaty in 1867, in which the U. S. proposed first a reservation in Kansa then one in Indian Territory, most of the Northern Cheyenne and Arapaho were forced to move south to the Indian agency near Fort Supply in present-day Oklahoma. The agency was shortly moved to approximately six miles northwest of the present-day El Reno, Oklahoma and remained there. The tribe lived in tipi villages in various locations on the reservation but faced starvation due to inadequate provisions from the Indian agency. A large part of his tribe "broke out" of the reservation and walked back to their home lands in the Dakota Territory. White Buffalo was about 15 when the Battle of Little Big Horn was fought, in which about half of the Montana tribal members participated.

## Education

The first school opened on the Darlington agency in 1875, run by John Seger, and it is likely that White Buffalo was one of the students. He was later sent to the Carlisle Indian Industrial School in Carlisle, Pennsylvania after that school opened in the 1870s. According to records digitized by Dickinson College, White Buffalo arrived at Carlisle Indian Industrial School on February 3, 1881, for a period of three years and was discharged June 17, 1884. White Buffalo returned the Darlington agency and worked initially at the agency's sheet metal shop. As a Carlisle graduate, he was harassed at Darlington by the Cheyenne Dog Soldier society, who were determined not to allow any of the tribe to live in the white man's way, or to farm, as the agency desired.

## Family life

He was described in newspaper articles in 1902 as being of striking appearance, as his hair had turned completely white when he was very young. His photo from his Carlisle days, dressed in a suit with a short haircut in the white man's style, shows that to be true. In 1888, when he was 26, he married a full-blood Northern Cheyenne widow. Medicine Woman, who was 30 at the time. She had also been born in Montana as had her parents. On the 1905 Indian Census for their reservation, they had four children listed: Emma White Buffalo, son Receiving Roots, Paul White Buffalo and Pratt White Buffalo - named for the Carlisle School founder. On the 1910 U. S. Federal Census, they are listed with only three of seven surviving children: John White Buffalo, James White Buffalo and Fred White Buffalo. According to the 1910 census, the mother of Medicine Woman also lived with them as well, 76 at the time, widowed and named Siege Woman. Medicine Woman is listed on this census as illiterate, as is her mother. His son, John White Buffalo enlisted for service in World War I. As full blood Cheyenne, both White Buffalo and Medicine Woman received land allotments on the reservation in 1891 in Lincoln Township in present-day Blaine County, Oklahoma. These are listed on several of the Indian Census lists as allotments number 966 and 967. White Buffalo lived to be 67 years old, and died on June 23, 1929, per the 1930 Indian census for the reservation. According to his obituary in the Watonga Republican newspaper dated June 27, 1929, he is buried at the Indian Mission Church on the reservation and was survived by his wife and sons.

## Tribal Work

White Buffalo was one of several Carlisle alumni chosen by the Darlington agency to attend additional training in farming soon after his return. Sometime during his twenties, he enlisted and served as an Army scout in the detachment headed by Edward W. Casey. After receiving his land allotment, he began farming his own land and built his home for his family. This is according to the 1910 U. S. Federal Census which had additional questions for Indian families, one of which asked if the family was living in primitive or civilized housing. He also rose to chief status (there were many chiefs) as evidenced by his attendance at the Indian Congresses, held in 1898, 1901 and 1904. His position as a Carlisle graduate would have given him much opportunity to work for his tribe with the agency leaders as most of the tribe was illiterate and a disadvantage in any such dealings. In early March 1929, only three months before he died, he was listed as chief and head of a delegation of 108 Oklahoma Indians from 23 tribes who went to Washington, DC, to act as escort for Charles Curtis, who was an American Indian, for his inauguration as Vice President of the United States.

## National Libel Scandal

When he was 40 years old, in 1902, a white free lance newspaper writer in Wichita, W. R. Draper, wrote a completely fictitious article, naming Carlisle graduate White Buffalo of the Darlington reservation, as the lover and confessed murderer of three white women: Maude Ellis, Margaret Andrews and Annie Dennis. The article stated that White Buffalo had honed his hatred of whites during his time as a student at Carlisle and was then awaiting trial in the Darlington area jail. Draper mailed the article to the Philadelphia North American newspaper where it was purchased and first published on July 27, 1902. The sensational article was picked up and reprinted by newspapers all over the country.

Carlisle founder and head, Lt Colonel Richard Henry Pratt sent for White Buffalo to return to Carlisle and together they went to the Philadelphia North American to refute the article. The newspaper took this fraud very seriously, printed a full retraction and later had W. R. Draper arrested in St Louis where he had fled. The newspaper was the plaintiff in the case against Draper as it was felt the court would take the charges more seriously and they also wanted to set a precedent for other writers who submitted articles. In St Louis, Lt. Colonel Pratt, White Buffalo, Judge James Gay Gordon (attorney for the North American), plus two editors for the newspaper appeared for the task of having Draper returned to Kansas for prosecution on the charge of criminal libel. The Wichita Daily Eagle printed a lengthy article regarding the fraud and libel on November 27, 1902. The retractions of the original article were reprinted as well by other newspapers as far away as New England, Utah and California. White Buffalo was quoted as saying that he had traveled several times to Pennsylvania as well as to Missouri and Kansas to be a witness for the newspaper's libel charges against Draper. The initial trial was postponed after which Draper was eventually released by the second judge in the case.

## Additional Reading

* *They Called Me Uncivilized*, by Walter Littlemoon.
* *Tell Them We Are Going Home:,The Odyssey of the Northern Cheyennes*, by John H. Monnett

1. The Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation
2. "Welcome". Retrieved 2023-10-23.
3. June 30, 1930 Indian Census of Cheyenne and Arapaho Reservation
4. Miami News-Record
* Berthrong, Donald J (1976). *The Cheyenne and Arapaho Ordeal: Reservation and Agency Life in the Indian Territory, 1875-1907*. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press.
* Svingen, Orlan J (1998). *the Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation, 1877-1900*. Niwot, CO: University Press of Colorado. ISBN 9780870814860.
* "Fort Wayne". Fort Wayne News. August 20, 1902. Retrieved 2019-04-03.
* "1910 U S Federal Census". *Ancestry.com*. Retrieved 2019-04-10.
* Grinnell, George Bird (1956). *The Fighting Cheyenne*. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press.
* "St Louis". St Louis Dispatch. November 25, 1902. Retrieved 2019-04-03.
* "Wichita Daily Eagle". Wichita Daily Eagle. Nov 27, 1902. Retrieved 2019-04-03.
* "Miami OK News-Record". Miami News-Record. March 3, 1929. Retrieved 2019-04-27.


title: Wigton School

abstract: Wigton School was an independent boarding school on the outskirts of Wigton, Cumbria. The school was opened on 4 September 1815 by the Society of Friends (Quakers) for Cumberland and Northumberland. The initial student intake was 9 boys and 8 girls in premises at Highmoor in existing buildings. These first buildings were leased at an annual rent of 27 guineas. In 1826, the main school site opened at Brookfield, commissioned by the Society of Friends. A London architect designed the buildings in classic Georgian style. The school motto was "We seek the truth." The school badge comprised a shield with a green background and diagonal river to represent the school's rural location with a beck running through the grounds. On one side of the diagonal was a lamp to represent knowledge. On the other side was a set of scales to represent fairness and tolerance, key Quaker virtues. The school expanded over the years. Student numbers peaked in the mid-1970s at around 210. Following the peak, student numbers declined and in 1984 the school closed. The school's historic main building was destroyed by fire in 1989.

text:
# Wigton School

**Wigton School** (also called Brookfield School or Friends' School) was an independent boarding school on the outskirts of Wigton, Cumbria. The school was opened on 4 September 1815 by the Society of Friends (Quakers) for Cumberland and Northumberland. The initial student intake was 9 boys and 8 girls in premises at Highmoor in existing buildings. These first buildings were leased at an annual rent of 27 guineas.

In 1826, the main school site opened at Brookfield, commissioned by the Society of Friends. A London architect designed the buildings in classic Georgian style.

The school motto was "We seek the truth." The school badge comprised a shield with a green background and diagonal river to represent the school's rural location with a beck (small brook) running through the grounds. On one side of the diagonal was a lamp to represent knowledge. On the other side was a set of scales to represent fairness and tolerance, key Quaker virtues.

The school expanded over the years. Student numbers peaked in the mid-1970s at around 210. Following the peak, student numbers declined and in 1984 the school closed. The school's historic main building was destroyed by fire in 1989.

54°49′12″N 3°10′53″W / 54.8201°N 3.1815°W / 54.8201; -3.1815


title: White Cross, Cornwall

abstract: White Cross is a hamlet in mid Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It lies on the border between the three parishes of Colan, St Enoder, and St Columb Major. It is on the A392 between Indian Queens and Newquay. POW Camp 115, Whitecross, St. Columb Major was situated near the village.

text:
# White Cross, Cornwall

**White Cross** is a hamlet in mid Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It lies on the border between the three parishes of Colan, St Enoder, and St Columb Major. It is on the A392 between Indian Queens and Newquay.

POW Camp 115, Whitecross, St. Columb Major was situated near the village.

## InfoBox

| White Cross | |
| --- | --- |
| Hamlet | |
| White CrossLocation within Cornwall | |
| OS grid reference | SW 8910 5983 |
| Civil parish |  |
| Unitary authority |  |
| Ceremonial county |  |
| Region |  |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | ST COLUMB |
| Postcode district | TR8 |
|  | |
| Police | Devon and Cornwall |
| Fire | Cornwall |
| Ambulance | South Western |
|  | |
| UK Parliament |  |
|


title: Wild Horse Range (film)

abstract: Wild Horse Range is a 1940 American Western film written by Carl Krusada from a story by Tom Gibson. It was directed by Raymond K. Johnson, and stars Jack Randall.

text:
# Wild Horse Range (film)

***Wild Horse Range*** is a 1940 American Western film written by Carl Krusada from a story by Tom Gibson. It was directed by Raymond K. Johnson, and stars Jack Randall.

## Plot

Jack Wallace is a horse trader who, along with his partner, Manny, is undercut at the auctions time and again by Arnold, another horse trader. Frustrated by their lack of success, Wallace reasons that the only way Arnold can continually undercut him is if his rival is selling stolen horses. However, he no proof to back up his conclusion. In order to get the needed evidence, he starts tracking down some of the horses which have recently been stolen from his herd. This leads him to Arrowhead Ranch, whose owner is Harriet Morgan. Harriet lives on the ranch with her niece, Ann. Harriet tells him that she has indeed been losing stock, but that their ranch hands are claiming that the horses were not stolen, but were being encouraged by a white stallion to leave the herd.

There is obvious romantic chemistry between Wallace and Ann, and when he offers to investigate the matter, Harriet readily agrees. Wallace and Manny take off to track down the mysterious white stallion. As they track the stallion, they are led to a remote ranch, which is the hideout of Arnold and his gang of rustlers, which includes the ranch hands from the Arrowhead Ranch. In the corral are the next bunch of stolen horses they plan to sell. They realize the white stallion led them to the rustlers. They open the corral gate and release the stolen horses, who are led away by the stallion. After a fierce gun battle, Wallace and Manny take the gang and deliver them to the sheriff, after which they return the horses to their rightful owners.

Returning to the ranch, Wallace is embraced by Ann, and agrees to settle down on the ranch.

## Cast

## Production

In late April, 1940 it was reported that production on the film had begun. Filming was concluded by May 8, and it went into the editing room shortly after. While a release date had not yet been set, in mid-May it was revealed that Jack Randall would be in the starring role, with the rest of the cast including Frank Yaconelli, Phyllis Ruth, Marin Sais, Ralph Hoopes, and Tom London. Raymond K. Johnson was announced as the director, with the screenplay by Karl Krusada, while Harry Webb would handle the producing duties. On June 1, it was reported that the release date for the film would be June 18. However, the release was delayed by one week, releasing on June 25. The Legion of Decency gave the film a class A1 rating, meaning it was "Unobjectionable for General Patronage".

## Reception

*The Film Daily* gave the picture a lukewarm review, calling it a "routine western", but saying that it had enough "action to make it okay for cowboy fans". They complimented the direction and cinematography. *Showmen's Trade Review* likewise gave the film a lukewarm write-up. They felt that there were some "inconsistencies" in the plot, like the lead being able to read by moonlight, and also were less kind to the cinematography, which they felt was static. While they felt the romantic angle left much to be desired, they felt that the film had its entertaining moments and, like *The Film Daily*, felt that it would have appeal for fans of the Western genre.

## InfoBox

| Wild Horse Range | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | Raymond K. Johnson |
| Screenplay by | Carl Krusada |
| Story by | Tom Gibson |
| Produced by | Harry S. Webb |
| Starring | Jack Randall |
| Cinematography | Edward A. Kull
William Hyer |
| Edited by | Robert S. Golden |
| Music by | Johnny Lange
Lew Porter |
| Production
company | Monogram Pictures Corp. |
| Release date | * June 25, 1940 (1940-06-25) (*US*) |
| Running time | 58 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: Who Sleeps My Bro (TV series)

abstract: Who Sleeps My Bro is a 2016 Chinese web-series coming-of-age comedy drama series based on the song with the same title sung by Gao Xiaosong. Directed by Zhang Qi, starring Chen Xiao, Du Tianhao, Liu Ruilin, and Li Xian. The series premiered on Jiangsu TV and Zhejiang TV on March 25, 2018. Set in a university, the series tells of the struggles, romances, joys and sorrows of four friends.

text:
# Who Sleeps My Bro (TV series)

***Who Sleeps My Bro*** (Chinese: 睡在我上铺的兄弟; pinyin: *Shuì zài wǒ shàng pù de xiōngdì*) is a 2016 Chinese web-series coming-of-age comedy drama series based on the song with the same title sung by Gao Xiaosong. Directed by Zhang Qi, starring Chen Xiao, Du Tianhao, Liu Ruilin, and Li Xian. The series premiered on Jiangsu TV and Zhejiang TV on March 25, 2018. Set in a university, the series tells of the struggles, romances, joys and sorrows of four friends.

## Plot

Four boys with different personalities from all directions gather in university, including the cheeky Xi’an boy Lin Xiangyu (Chen Xiao), the small boy who grew up in Shanghai (Liu Ruilin), The rich second-generation Li Dapeng (Du Tianhao) and Xing Xun (Li Xian), a boy from Chongqing who has mixed with society. They try to adjust their life as sophomores by playing together, teasing each other, even chasing after beautiful students. But this is a short-lived time after all. After entering the society, they ran for their careers and love, and suffered successive setbacks.

## Cast

## Production

To meet the image of the rough man required in the play, Li barely went to the playground to play football in the sunshine at 30 °C. Going to move with the people of the moving company, and finally became a dark, strong, bearded guy-Xie Xun. In 2016 the series adapted into a film starring the original cast.

## InfoBox

| *Who Sleeps My Bro* | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical Release Poster | |
| Also known as | 睡在我上铺的兄弟 |
| Genre |  |
| Based on | *Who Sleeps My Bro*
by Gao Xiaosong |
| Written by | * Shi Qian * Chen Qian * Zhou Kui * Su Yang |
| Directed by | Zhang Qi |
| Starring |  |
| Country of origin | China |
| Original language | Mandarin |
| No. of seasons | 1 |
| No. of episodes | 26 |
| Production | |
| Production company | Le Vision Pictures |
| Original release | |
| Release | January 17, 2016 (2016-01-17)
() |


title: Wide Channel

abstract: Wide Channel is an inside passage of the Chilean Patagonia. It is 38 miles (61 km) long, extending northward from the junction of Concepción Channel and Trinidad Channel, to Saumarez Island. The channel is located at 49°54′S 74°23′W. Wide Channel is flanked by precipitous mountains. The fjords Europa and Penguin open into this channel.

text:
# Wide Channel

Islands and Bodies of water between Golfo de Penas and the Straits of Magellan

**Wide Channel** is an inside passage of the Chilean Patagonia. It is 38 miles (61 km) long, extending northward from the junction of Concepción Channel and Trinidad Channel, to Saumarez Island. The channel is located at 49°54′S 74°23′W / 49.900°S 74.383°W / -49.900; -74.383 (Wide Channel).

Wide Channel is flanked by precipitous mountains. The fjords Europa and Penguin open into this channel.


title: Wilfrid Hounkpatin

abstract: Wilfrid Hounkpatin is a French rugby union player. His position is prop and he currently plays for Castres in the Top 14.

text:
# Wilfrid Hounkpatin

**Wilfrid Hounkpatin** (born 29 July 1991) is a French rugby union player. His position is prop and he currently plays for Castres in the Top 14.

## InfoBox

Wilfrid Hounkpatin
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Birth name | Wilfrid Hounkpatin |
| Date of birth | (1991-07-29) 29 July 1991 |
| Place of birth | France |
| Height | 1.92 m (6 ft 3+12 in) |
| Weight | 132 kg (20 st 11 lb; 291 lb) |
| Rugby union career | |
| **Position(s)** Prop  **Current team** Castres  Senior career  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  2013–2014
2015–2018
2018– Narbonne
Rouen
Castres  3
61
104  (0)
(30)
(75)  Correct as of 17 January 2020  International career  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  2021– France  1  0  Correct as of 13 July 2021 | |


title: Wilbur Hatch

abstract: Wilbur Hatch, was an American music composer who worked primarily in radio and television. He was born in Mokena, Illinois, and died in Studio City, California.

text:
# Wilbur Hatch

**Wilbur Hatch** (May 24, 1902  December 22, 1969), was an American music composer who worked primarily in radio and television. He was born in Mokena, Illinois, and died in Studio City, California.

## Radio

Hatch began working in radio in 1922 as a pianist on KYW (Chicago). In 1930 he became director of music on KNX in Los Angeles, California, and on CBS, where he created music for such radio shows as *Hawk Durango*, *The General Electric Theater*, *Frontier Gentleman*, *December Bride*, *Young Love*, *Your Home Front Reporter*, *The Screen Guild Theater*, *The Whistler*, *Suspense*, *Meet Corliss Archer*, *My Favorite Husband*, *Broadway Is My Beat*, and *Our Miss Brooks*.

Hatch also worked as a conductor and music director for CBS. During the late 1930s and early 1940s he was conductor on *The Campbell Soup Radio Show.* He was the musical director and composed the theme for CBS Radio's *The Whistler* (1942–55). Additionally, he was the musical director for CBS Radio's *Broadway Is My Beat* (1949–54), *Mayor of the Town* and *Luke Slaughter of Tombstone* (1958).

## Television

His most lasting on-screen television credit was for composing some of the music and conducting the Desi Arnaz Orchestra on *I Love Lucy.* (In Season #1 Episode #30 "Lucy Does a TV Commercial" as Ricky is about to sing, he calls offstage "Mr. Hatch, if you please.") He was the sole composer for three episodes of *I Love Lucy* (1951–56), four episodes of *The Lucy–Desi Comedy Hour* (1959–60), all 156 episodes of *The Lucy Show* (1962–68) and all of the *Here's Lucy* (1968–69) episodes up to the time of his death. He also conceived and conducted the music for the TV versions of *Our Miss Brooks* and *December Bride*, as well as its spin-off, *Pete and Gladys*. He also composed music for *The Mothers-in-Law*. Until the time of his death Hatch was resident musical director of Desilu Studios, and his work included music director on *Star Trek*, *The Untouchables*, and other Desilu productions. In 1970, after Hatch had died, Marl Young (19172009) became the resident music composer for Lucille Ball Productions, Inc. (including the *Here's Lucy* series until it finished in 1974). He composed and conducted the music for season 3 episode 11 of *The Twilight Zone*  "Still Valley". As the title credits appear a couple of short musical phrases are reminiscent of the *Star Trek* theme music.

## Other professional activities

Hatch was a member of the executive board of the Composers Guild of America.

## Personal life

Hatch attended the University of Chicago to study engineering, but music fully occupied his life. One of the highlights of his college education was that he wrote the music for the annual Blackfriar's show, the University's dramatic organization. In 1922, Hatch graduated from the University of Chicago with a degree in chemical engineering and with High Honors and a Phi Beta Kappa Key.

Hatch was married to Margaret Mathews of Grinnell, Iowa. They had three children together: Robert Allen (born in 1932), Nancy Margaret (born in 1934) and Margaret Ann (born in 1944). He is buried at Mountain View Cemetery in Altadena, California.

## InfoBox

| Wilbur Hatch | |
| --- | --- |
| Wilbur Hatch and Desi Arnaz. Marco Rizo sits at the piano. | |
| Born | May 24, 1902
Mokena, Illinois, U.S. |
| Died | December 22, 1969(1969-12-22) (aged 67)
Studio City, California, U.S. |
| Occupation | Musical conductor |
| Known for | Conducting orchestra on *I Love Lucy* |


title: Wilbur Heights, Illinois

abstract:
Wilbur Heights is an unincorporated community in Champaign County, Illinois, United States. Wilbur Heights is a northern suburb of Champaign and Urbana. Bordered by Market Street, Wallace, and 5th street, this neighborhood is currently zoned as "industrial". It is surrounded by companies such as Illini Recycling, Sport's Redi-mix, Judson Baptist Chapel, and The Salvation Army. Also nearby is a volunteer fire department. Since it is unincorporated from the city, it has limited snow removal services.
Many vacant homes and lots are for sale.

text:
# Wilbur Heights, Illinois

**Wilbur Heights** is an unincorporated community in Champaign County, Illinois, United States. Wilbur Heights is a northern suburb of Champaign and Urbana.

Bordered by Market Street, Wallace, and 5th street, this neighborhood is currently zoned as "industrial". It is surrounded by companies such as Illini Recycling, Sport's Redi-mix, Judson Baptist Chapel, and The Salvation Army. Also nearby is a volunteer fire department.

Since it is unincorporated from the city, it has limited snow removal services. Many vacant homes and lots are for sale.

## InfoBox

| Wilbur Heights, Illinois | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| Wilbur Heights, IllinoisWilbur Heights, Illinois | |
| Coordinates: 40°08′33″N 88°14′08″W / 40.14250°N 88.23556°W / 40.14250; -88.23556 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Illinois |
| County | Champaign |
| Elevation | 745 ft (227 m) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| Area code | 217 |
| GNIS feature ID | 421138 |