title: Listed buildings in Filey

abstract: Filey is a civil parish in the Scarborough district of North Yorkshire, England. It contains 26 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England. Of these, one is listed at Grade I, the highest of the three grades, one is at Grade II*, the middle grade, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade. The parish contains the seaside town of Filey, and most of the listed buildings are houses and associated structures, including terraces with three or four storeys, basements and attics. The others include churches, a farmhouse and farm buildings, a public house, and a war memorial archway.

text:
# Listed buildings in Filey

Filey is a civil parish in the Scarborough district of North Yorkshire, England. It contains 26 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England. Of these, one is listed at Grade I, the highest of the three grades, one is at Grade II\*, the middle grade, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade. The parish contains the seaside town of Filey, and most of the listed buildings are houses and associated structures, including terraces with three or four storeys, basements and attics. The others include churches, a farmhouse and farm buildings, a public house, and a war memorial archway.

## Key

| Grade | Criteria |
| --- | --- |
| I | Buildings of exceptional interest, sometimes considered to be internationally important |
| II\* | Particularly important buildings of more than special interest |
| II | Buildings of national importance and special interest |

## Buildings

| Name and location | Photograph | Date | Notes | Grade |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| St Oswald's Church
54°12′47″N 0°17′15″W / 54.21318°N 0.28752°W / 54.21318; -0.28752 (St Oswald's Church) |  | 12th century | The church has been altered and extended through the centuries, in particular between 1885 and 1886 by William S. Barber. It is built in sandstone with roofs of slate and lead, and consists of a nave with a clerestory, north and south aisles, north and south porches, north and south transepts, a chancel, and a tower at the crossing. The tower has two stages, clock faces, two-light pointed bell openings under round arches, a sill band, and an embattled parapet. The body of the church is also embattled, and the windows are lancets. The south doorway has a round arch with four orders, and a later stoup. | I |
| 43 and 45 Church Street
54°12′45″N 0°17′21″W / 54.21259°N 0.28908°W / 54.21259; -0.28908 (43 and 45 Church Street) |  | Late 17th century | A house, later divided, in whitewashed stone, with a pantile roof. There are two storeys and three bays. On the front are two doorways with plain surrounds, and the windows are sashes with wedge lintels and raised keystones. | II |
| Dovecote, Church Cliff Farm
54°12′50″N 0°17′16″W / 54.21393°N 0.28771°W / 54.21393; -0.28771 (Dovecote, Church Cliff Farm) |  | Late 17th to early 18th century | The dovecote is in limestone on a chamfered plinth, with quoins, a chamfered band, and a hipped slate roof with a timber glover. There is a square plan and two stages. The doorway has chamfered quoined jambs and a chamfered lintel, and there is an opening with a landing platform high in the south wall. Inside, there are nesting boxes and platforms on all walls. | II |
| 8 and 10 Queen Street
54°12′42″N 0°17′20″W / 54.21174°N 0.28888°W / 54.21174; -0.28888 (8 and 10 Queen Street) |  | 1696 | A house, later a museum, in whitewashed stone with a pantile roof. There are two storeys and three bays. Above the original doorway is a crudely carved datestone with a coat of arms and a religious inscription. To the left of the doorway is a fire window with a blocked round head and a hood mould, and further to the left is a later doorway with a rectangular divided fanlight. The windows are horizontally-sliding sashes. | II |
| 13 Church Street
54°12′42″N 0°17′23″W / 54.21171°N 0.28981°W / 54.21171; -0.28981 (13 Church Street) |  | c. 1790 | The house is in sandstone, and has a pantile roof with a coped gable and a shaped kneeler on the left. There are two storeys and two bays. The doorway is in the centre, the windows are sashes, and all the openings have wedge lintels with raised keystones. | II |
| 35 Church Street
54°12′44″N 0°17′21″W / 54.21235°N 0.28923°W / 54.21235; -0.28923 (35 Church Street) |  | Early 18th century | The house is in red brick on a stone plinth, with limestone on the sides and rear, stone dressings, quoins, and a pantile roof. There are two storeys and an attic, and three bays. The main doorway and the passage doorway to the left have fanlights, the windows are sashes, and all the openings in the ground and upper floors have wedge lintels and grooved keystones; the ground floor windows also have decorative ironwork. Above the doorway is a blocked window containing a re-set initialled datestone. | II |
| 82 Queen Street
54°12′39″N 0°17′07″W / 54.21083°N 0.28534°W / 54.21083; -0.28534 (82 Queen Street) |  | 18th century | A pair of fishermen's cottages later combined into a house. It is rendered with a dentilled eaves course and a pantile roof. There are two storeys, two bays and a continuous rear outshut. In each bay is a doorway on the right and a sash window in each floor on the left, and at the rear are flat-roofed dormers. | II |
| 41 Church Street
54°12′45″N 0°17′21″W / 54.21251°N 0.28916°W / 54.21251; -0.28916 (41 Church Street) |  | Late 18th century | The house is in red brick on a stone plinth, with sandstone at the rear, and a tile roof. There are three storeys at the front, two at the rear with a catslide roof, and two bays. The doorway on the left has pilasters, panelled reveals, a fanlight and a cornice, and to the right is a square bay window. The windows in the upper floors are sashes, those in the middle floor with grooved wedge lintels, and decorative keystones. | II |
| The Foords Hotel
54°12′39″N 0°17′09″W / 54.21089°N 0.28570°W / 54.21089; -0.28570 (The Foords Hotel) |  | c. 1815 | The public house is in whitewashed brick on a stone plinth, with stone dressings, a modillion eaves cornice and a slate roof. There are three storeys, three bays and a rear wing. The central doorway has attached Doric fluted columns, an entablature and a cornice, above which is a two-storey canted bay window. In the ground floor are tripartite windows, and above are sash windows, those in the middle floor with wedge lintels and keystones. | II |
| Church Cliff Farmhouse
54°12′49″N 0°17′17″W / 54.21370°N 0.28809°W / 54.21370; -0.28809 (Church Cliff Farmhouse) |  | Early 19th century | Two houses at right angles in light red brick with painted stone dressings, slate roofs, and two storeys. The south range has five bays, paired eaves modillions, a central porch with fluted pilasters, and a doorway with a radial fanlight. The east range has six bays, and a round-arched doorway with a flat hood on consoles, above which is a round-headed staircase window. The other windows in both ranges are sashes with wedge lintels. | II |
| Farm buildings, Church Cliff Farm
54°12′50″N 0°17′18″W / 54.21400°N 0.28839°W / 54.21400; -0.28839 (Farm buildings, Church Cliff Farm) |  | Early 19th century | The farm buildings are in red brick with pantile roofs, and form a U-shaped plan, with three ranges around a yard. They have two storeys, or one storey with a loft, and include cart and implement sheds, barns, cowsheds and a smithy. The openings have brick quoined surrounds. | II |
| 8–14 The Crescent
54°12′26″N 0°17′12″W / 54.20729°N 0.28673°W / 54.20729; -0.28673 (8–14 The Crescent) |  | 1840 | A terrace of seven houses, later converted into flats, in stuccoed brick, with a rusticated ground floor, a sill band, a moulded eaves cornice, and a slate roof. There are three storeys, a basement and an attic. Each house has three bays, the three bays at the ends projecting. On the front, and on the returns, are Doric porches with fluted columns approached by steps, the middle two porches paired. The doorways have fanlights, the windows are sashes, and in the attic are dormers. Along the middle floor is a continuous wrought iron balcony on iron brackets. | II |
| 27–41 West Avenue and railings
54°12′30″N 0°17′21″W / 54.20834°N 0.28913°W / 54.20834; -0.28913 (27–41 West Avenue and railings) |  | c. 1840 | A terrace of eight town houses in red brick with Welsh slate roofs. There are three storeys, a half-basement and attics, and each house has two bays and a double depth plan. The doorways are approached by steps flanked by railings, and each has Doric columns, a rectangular fanlight, an entablature and a cornice. The windows are sashes with gauged brick flat arches, there are four canted bay windows, and two roof dormers. The roof of No. 41 has been replaced by a mansard roof. | II |
| Langford Villa
54°12′16″N 0°17′15″W / 54.20447°N 0.28740°W / 54.20447; -0.28740 (Langford Villa) |  | c. 1840 | The house, later divided, is stuccoed, and has a hipped slate roof. There are two storeys, three bays, and a later extension on the left at the rear. The central doorway has pilasters, a rectangular fanlight and a cornice, and the windows are sashes with stone sills. | II |
| Filey railway station
54°12′35″N 0°17′38″W / 54.20986°N 0.29395°W / 54.20986; -0.29395 (Filey railway station) |  | 1846 | The station was built for the York and North Midland Railway and designed by G. T. Andrews. It is in red brick on a stone plinth, with dressings in brick and sandstone, and a slate roof. The entrance range has a single storey and seven bays, the middle bay projecting with chamfered quoins. The doorway has a quoined surround, a radial fanlight, and a gauged brick arch with a keystone. The windows are sashes, most with round heads, gauged brick arches and keystones. There are moulded sill and impost bands, a moulded overhanging eaves course, and a parapet. The canopy is in timber and glass on iron brackets, the train shed roof is in slate, and the platforms are connected by a footbridge. | II\* |
| 24–38 Rutland Street
54°12′27″N 0°17′16″W / 54.20759°N 0.28777°W / 54.20759; -0.28777 (24–38 Rutland Street) |  | 1847 | A terrace of eight houses, later converted into flats, in stuccoed brick, some colourwashed, with a rusticated ground floor, quoins on the left, giant pilasters, a string course and a sill band, a moulded eaves course, and a slate roof. There are three storeys, a basement and an attic. Each house has two bays and a full height bow window. The recessed doorways are approached by steps, and have fanlights, the windows are sashes, and in the attic are dormers. The windows at the rear have gauged brick wedge lintels. | II |
| 1–7 The Crescent and railings
54°12′28″N 0°17′12″W / 54.20787°N 0.28657°W / 54.20787; -0.28657 (1–7 The Crescent and railings) |  | 1850–51 | A terrace of houses, later flats, in stuccoed brick, with a rusticated ground floor, string courses and a slate roof. There are three storeys, a basement and attics, and each house has two bays. The doorways are approached by steps flanked by iron railings. The windows are sashes, tripartite in the ground floor, with bracketed cornices in the middle floor, and eared architraves in the top floor The end bays have giant Corinthian pilasters, and the middle floor windows have bracketed pediments. One house has a three-storey bow window, and in the attics are 20th-century dormers. | II |
| 15–21 The Crescent
54°12′24″N 0°17′13″W / 54.20672°N 0.28682°W / 54.20672; -0.28682 (15–21 The Crescent) |  | Mid 19th century | A terrace of seven houses, later converted into flats, in stuccoed brick, with a rusticated ground floor, moulded bands, a bracketed cornice on the end bays, and a slate roof. There are four storeys, a basement and an attic, and twelve bays. On the front are five round-arched doorways, two converted into windows. The windows are sashes, those in the first floor with eared and shouldered architraves, segmental heads and keystones, and those in the end bays with a segmental pediment. In the attic are dormers, and on the right return are two four-storey bow windows. | II |
| Royal Crescent Court, railings and lamp standards
54°12′22″N 0°17′12″W / 54.20620°N 0.28677°W / 54.20620; -0.28677 (Royal Crescent Court, railings and lamp standards) |  | 1853 | A hotel, later flats, in stuccoed brick, with a sill band, a modillion cornice, a moulded eaves cornice, and a hipped slate roof. There are four storeys, a basement and attics, and five bays, the middle and outer bays projecting. In the centre is a portico with paired Doric columns and a balustrade, above which is a Venetian window with a keystone, and a tripartite window. Flanking the portico are continuous wrought iron balconies. The windows in the first floor have cornices with detached consoles. In the returns are four-storey bow windows. In front of the building, and on the sides, are cast iron railings on a low stone plinth, and there are four cast iron lamp pedestals. | II |
| 23–28 The Crescent
54°12′21″N 0°17′13″W / 54.20572°N 0.28684°W / 54.20572; -0.28684 (23–28 The Crescent) |  | c. 1855 | A terrace of flats and a hotel in stuccoed brick, with a rusticated ground floor, giant pilasters, a moulded string course, a sill band, a moulded eaves cornice, and a slate roof. There are three storeys, a basement and attics. Each house has two bays, and a doorway with a keystone. The windows are sash windows, tripartite on the ground floor, those in the middle floor with a cornice on scrolled consoles and in the top floor with architraves and moulded sills. The end bays project and have continuous wrought iron balconies. The left return has three bays, with a three-storey bow window on the left and a single-storey bow window on the right. Between them is a doorway with a cornice on scrolled consoles, and at the top is a pedimented gable containing a round-headed window. | II |
| Northcliffe Cottage
54°12′36″N 0°17′10″W / 54.21011°N 0.28612°W / 54.21011; -0.28612 (Northcliffe Cottage) |  | 1891–93 | A gardener's cottage, later a private house, designed by Walter Brierley in Jacobethan style, it is in sandstone, with a moulded floor band, overhanging bracketed eaves, and a tile roof with coped gables and plain kneelers. There is one storey and an attic, and a front of three bays. In the centre is a gabled porch containing a basket arched doorway. The windows are mullioned, the window on the left corner corbelled out. In the attic is a gabled half-dormer with a hood mould. | II |
| Northcliffe House
54°12′35″N 0°17′10″W / 54.20974°N 0.28604°W / 54.20974; -0.28604 (Northcliffe House) |  | 1891–93 | A large house designed by Walter Brierley in Jacobethan style, it is in sandstone, with a moulded floor band, and a tile roof with coped gables and ball finials. There are two storeys and attics, and a front of five bays. The porch has a basket arch, over which is a dated cartouche and an embattled parapet. The right bay is gabled and contains a canted bay window with an embattled parapet. The windows are mullioned, those in the ground floor also with transoms, and there are 20th-century dormers. At the rear is a three-storey embattled tower, and a three-storey canted bay window. The former service range includes a kitchen with a conical roof. | II |
| Gates and gate piers,
Northcliffe House
54°12′33″N 0°17′12″W / 54.20905°N 0.28677°W / 54.20905; -0.28677 (Gates and gate piers, Northcliffe House) |  | 1893 | At the entrance to the grounds of the house are three gate piers, designed by Walter Brierley, flanking a carriage entrance and a pedestrian entrance to the left. The piers are in sandstone with a square plan and are about 3.5 metres (11 ft) high. Each pier has a recessed shaped panel with a blank cartouche on each side, and a heavy cornice stepped up to a ball and pedestal finial. Over the pedestrian entrance is a round arch with the name of the house painted on the tympanum. | II |
| St Mary's Church
54°12′25″N 0°17′16″W / 54.20692°N 0.28765°W / 54.20692; -0.28765 (St Mary's Church) |  | 1906 | The church is built in red Ruabon brick, with white rendered panels, and a buff tiled roof. It consists of a nave, a west chapel, a chancel, a long south transept, and a north porch and campanile. The campanile is in Italianate style, and has panels with symbols, an open bell stage, and a pyramidal roof with a pineapple finial. The nave windows are round-arched with imposts and keystones, and the tracery is in cast concrete. On the front are buttresses with panels containing symbols. The east end has brick diapering and rendering, and contains a mosaic roundel. | II |
| War Memorial Archway
54°12′34″N 0°17′16″W / 54.20941°N 0.28789°W / 54.20941; -0.28789 (War Memorial Archway) |  | 1921 | The archway at the entrance to the memorial garden is in Portland stone, and contains wrought iron gates. The arch is round, with a keystone, and is flanked by piers. On the front of the piers are bronze plaques with the name of those lost in the two World Wars, and above them are wreathed shields containing dates. Inside the piers are plaques with the names of those lost in later conflicts. Above the arch is a parapet with an inscription. | II |
| The Lodge and The Coach house
54°12′37″N 0°17′09″W / 54.21014°N 0.28572°W / 54.21014; -0.28572 (The Lodge and The Coach house) |  | Undated | The coach house and stables, later two dwellings, were designed by Walter Brierley in Jacobethan style. They are in sandstone with a moulded floor band, overhanging bracketed eaves, and a tile roof with coped gables and plain kneelers. There is one storey and lofts, with two ranges at right angles. The middle bay of the main range projects and is gabled, and contains a doorway. The windows in the ground floor are mullioned and transomed, and there is a half-dormer above. In front is a glass canopy on iron struts, and in the gable is a pigeon loft. In the centre of the main range is a bell cupola. | II |
|

### Citations

### Sources


title: Leigné-sur-Usseau

abstract: Leigné-sur-Usseau is a commune in the Vienne department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in western France.

text:
# Leigné-sur-Usseau

**Leigné-sur-Usseau** (French pronunciation: \[lɛɲe syʁ yso\], literally *Leigné on Usseau*) is a commune in the Vienne department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in western France.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1968 | 327 |  |
| 1975 | 318 | −0.40% |
| 1982 | 329 | +0.49% |
| 1990 | 384 | +1.95% |
| 1999 | 413 | +0.81% |
| 2007 | 454 | +1.19% |
| 2012 | 482 | +1.20% |
| 2017 | 475 | −0.29% |
| Source: INSEE | | |

## InfoBox

| Leigné-sur-Usseau | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
|  | |
| Location of Leigné-sur-Usseau | |
| Leigné-sur-UsseauLeigné-sur-Usseau | |
| Coordinates: 46°54′50″N 0°28′22″E / 46.9139°N 0.4728°E / 46.9139; 0.4728 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Nouvelle-Aquitaine |
| Department | Vienne |
| Arrondissement | Châtellerault |
| Canton | Châtellerault-2 |
| Intercommunality | CA Grand Châtellerault |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Frédéric Merchadou |
| Area**1** | 11.23 km2 (4.34 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 456 |
| Density | 41/km2 (110/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 86127 /86230 |
| Elevation | 92–162 m (302–531 ft)
(avg. 104 m or 341 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Tracey Ferguson

abstract: Tracey Ferguson is a Canadian Paralympic wheelchair basketball player. She has won several gold medals including at three different Paralympic Games.

text:
# Tracey Ferguson

**Tracey Ferguson** is a Canadian Paralympic wheelchair basketball player. She has won several gold medals including at three different Paralympic Games.

## Early life

Tracey Ferguson was born on September 7, 1974, in Holland Landing, Ontario. She was the last of six children and her initial ambition was to be a swimmer. She was left paralysed after an operation on her spine at the age of nine, but four years later she was being introduced to wheelchair basketball. Her mother was unsure about this sport as she thought her five foot tall daughter was too small to compete.

## Career

In 1991, Ferguson got into a third place at Stoke Mandeville Games which were hosted in Buckinghamshire, England and in 1992 got into the first place at the Paralympic Games in Barcelona. From 1994 she got into a first place not once, but four times in four years. First, she got a first place at the World championships at both Stoke Mandeville in 1994 supporting the captain Linda Kutrowski and that year's star Chantal Benoit. Her second World Championship was at Sydney in 1998. In 1998 and 2000 she got first place again at the 1996 Paralympic Games and the 2000 as well. In the same years she was honoured to be chosen as a member of a world team. In 2004, Tracey got a third place at the 2004 Summer Paralympics in Athens and a year later she was awarded a silver medal at the Qualifications of Americas Tournament in Colorado Springs. Five years later she got a bronze medal at the World Championships in Manchester and a year later she won a silver medal at the 2011 Parapan American Games. She also won a bronze medal in 2013 at the Osaka Cup which was held at Osaka. She was part of the team that won a gold medal at the 2014 Women's World Wheelchair Basketball Championship in Toronto in July 2014, and silver at the 2015 Parapan American Games in August 2015.

## Awards and honours

In 2012, Ferguson was inducted into the Canadian Disability Hall of Fame. In 2013, she was awarded with the Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal which was given to her by Minister of State Bal Gosal. She was also awarded with YMCA's Young Women of Distinction Award and the Terry Fox Humanitarian Award.

## InfoBox

Tracey Ferguson
| Tracey Ferguson | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Nationality | Canada |
| Born | (1974-09-07) September 7, 1974<br>Holland Landing, Ontario |
| Height | 5 ft 0 in (1.52 m) |
| Sport | |
| Disability class | 3.0 |
| College team | University of Illinois |
| Club | Edmonton Inferno/Northern Lights |
| Medal record      Wheelchair basketball  Paralympic Games  1992 Summer Paralympics Women's wheelchair basketball  1996 Summer Paralympics Women's wheelchair basketball  2000 Summer Paralympics Women's wheelchair basketball  2004 Summer Paralympics Women's wheelchair basketball  World championships  1994 World Championships Women's wheelchair basketball  1998 World Championships Women's wheelchair basketball  2002 World Championships Women's wheelchair basketball  2010 World Championships Women's wheelchair basketball  2014 World Championships Women's wheelchair basketball  Parapan American Games  2011 Parapan American Games Women's wheelchair basketball  2015 Parapan American Games Women's wheelchair basketball  Various competitions  1991 Stoke Mandeville Games Women's wheelchair basketball  2005 Qualifications of Americas Tournament Women's wheelchair basketball  2013 Osaka Cup Women's wheelchair basketball | |


title: Parish of Neon

abstract: Neon Parish, New South Wales is a rural locality and a cadastral parish of Ularara County New South Wales. The parish is located at 29.39460°S 143.56040°E and sits on Possum Creek, a Tributary of the Paroo River. The climate is semi-arid, featuring low rainfall, very hot summer temperatures and cool nights in winter.

text:
# Parish of Neon

**Neon Parish, New South Wales** is a rural locality and a cadastral parish of Ularara County New South Wales.

The parish is located at 29°23′41″S 143°33′37″E / 29.39460°S 143.56040°E / -29.39460; 143.56040 and sits on Possum Creek, a Tributary of the Paroo River. The climate is semi-arid, featuring low rainfall, very hot summer temperatures and cool nights in winter.

## History

The parish is on the traditional lands of the Paaruntyi people.

The Burke and Wills expedition were the first Europeans to the area, passing a few miles to the west.

## Geography

The parish has a Köppen climate classification of BWh (Hot desert).


title: Olivetti Envision

abstract:
The Olivetti Envision (400/P75) was an Italian multimedia personal computer produced in 1995. It came with a choice of two processors: Intel 486 DX4 100 MHz or Intel Pentium P75. It had an infrared keyboard and internal modem, and it was compatible with audio CDs, CD-ROMs, Photo CDs and Video CDs. Preinstalled software allowed the computer to work as a fax or answering machine when connected to a telephone line. The Envision had three possible operating modes:
  - Simple;
  - Intermediate;
  - Advanced. Designed by M. De Lucchi, the declared goal for this device was to convince non-computer-savvy people that computers are not impossibly hard to use and can be bought and used like normal home appliances. For this reason, it was intentionally designed to resemble a videocassette recorder more than a computer, and it was equipped with two SCART sockets, a TV-like remote control, and a slot that could host a satellite TV decoder card. The Olivetti Envision was discontinued in 1996 due to poor sales caused by its excessive price, many software bugs and limited expandability.

text:
# Olivetti Envision

The **Olivetti Envision** (400/P75) was an Italian multimedia personal computer produced in 1995. It came with a choice of two processors: Intel 486 DX4 100 MHz or Intel Pentium P75.

It had an infrared keyboard and internal modem, and it was compatible with audio CDs, CD-ROMs, Photo CDs and Video CDs. Preinstalled software allowed the computer to work as a fax or answering machine when connected to a telephone line.

The Envision had three possible operating modes:

Designed by M. De Lucchi, the declared goal for this device was to convince non-computer-savvy people that computers are not impossibly hard to use and can be bought and used like normal home appliances. For this reason, it was intentionally designed to resemble a videocassette recorder more than a computer, and it was equipped with two SCART sockets (to connect it to a TV set), a TV-like remote control, and a slot that could host a satellite TV decoder card.

The Olivetti Envision was discontinued in 1996 due to poor sales caused by its excessive price, many software bugs and limited expandability.

## Technical specifications

## InfoBox

Olivetti Envision (400/P75)
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Manufacturer | Olivetti |
| Type | Multimedia personal computer |
| Release date | 1995 (1995) |
| Discontinued | 1996 (1996) |
| Operating system | Windows 95 |
| CPU | Intel 486 DX4 100 MHz or Intel Pentium P75 processor |
| Memory | 8 MB |
| Storage | Floppy disk; Hard drive; CD-ROM |
| Removable storage | 1.4 MB 3.5" floppy disk; CD-ROM |
| Display | VGA monitor, TV; 1024x768, 800x600 |
| Graphics | Trident TGV9470 |
| Sound | Crystal Semiconductor Corporation CS4231 \+ Oak Mozart OTI 605 |
| Input | Keyboard, remote |
| Connectivity | Parallel, Serial, Modem |


title: Mark Whitney Mehran

abstract: Mark Whitney Mehran is an American author, business owner, land speed racer, Hot Rod and Chopper builder and Pinstriper. Born and raised in California, Mehran attended Eaglebrook School and Cate School, and graduated from Brown University with an honors degree in English and American Literature.

text:
# Mark Whitney Mehran

**Mark Whitney Mehran** (also known as MWM) is an American author, business owner, land speed racer, Hot Rod and Chopper builder and Pinstriper. Born and raised in California, Mehran attended Eaglebrook School and Cate School, and graduated from Brown University with an honors degree in English and American Literature.

## Builder

Mehran has been building traditional hot rods, rat rods and motorcycle choppers at Hot Rod Surf since 1996. He has built many notable cars and bikes such as the “Silver Bullet”, “Blue Dream”, “O.R.M.” chopper and many other featured in books, movies and driving around the south California area.

## Business

### Hot Rod Surf

Mehran started Hot Rod Surf in 1996. Hot Rod Surf started as a Surf Shop in Mission Beach, California. The shop moved locations to Pacific Beach, California. Mark built as many as 3-5 Hot Rods and Choppers per year out of Hot Rod Surf from 1996 to 2008.

### Hot Rod Surf Publishing

In 2006 Mark Mehran started HOT ROD SURF Publishing, a label that distributes books and DVDs. Currently HOT ROD SURF Publishing has published 2 books and 3 DVDs.

*Hot Rod Surf Publishing titles:*

* HOT ROD SURF ‘All Steel All Real’ Vol.1
* How To Guide of Traditional Freehand Pinstriping Techniques
* How To Service Your Hot Rod DVD

## Author

Mehran writes books surrounding his lifestyle and interests of hot rods, pinstriping and custom culture.

Books:

* *HOT ROD SURF 100% Genuine* ISBN 0-9786756-1-4
* *Basic Hot Rod Pinstriping Techniques with HOT ROD SURF* ISBN 0-9786756-0-6

Mehran writes articles for Hot Rod magazines including:

* *Rebel Rodz*
* *OverDrive Hot Rod News*

## Land Speed Racer

Mehran joined the San Diego Roadster Club in 2007. He races O.R.M. bike number 1717B a A-PBG Harley Davidson in the 1350cc motorcycle class. At 2007 Bonneville Speed Week Mehran added a turbo to his motorcycle and set the world land speed record for his class on August 13, 2007.

## Artist

Mehran is an accomplished pinstriper of hot rods, motorcycles and Kustom Culture items.

## InfoBox

Mark Whitney Mehran
bibliography
| References and footnotes | |
| --- | --- |


abstract: The men's 1500 metre freestyle event at the 1996 Summer Olympics took place on 26 July at the Georgia Tech Aquatic Center in Atlanta, United States.

text:
# Swimming at the 1996 Summer Olympics – Men's 1500 metre freestyle

The **men's 1500 metre freestyle** event at the 1996 Summer Olympics took place on 26 July at the Georgia Tech Aquatic Center in Atlanta, United States.

## Records

Prior to this competition, the existing world and Olympic records were as follows.

| **World record** | Kieren Perkins (AUS) | **14:41.66** | Victoria, Canada | 24 August 1994 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Olympic record** | Kieren Perkins (AUS) | **14:43.48** | Barcelona, Spain | 31 July 1992 |

## Results

### Heats

Rule: The eight fastest swimmers advance to final A (Q).

| Rank | Heat | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 4 | 4 | Daniel Kowalski | Australia | 15:12.55 | Q |
| 2 | 3 | 4 | Graeme Smith | Great Britain | 15:14.81 | Q |
| 3 | 5 | 5 | Aleksey Akatyev | Russia | 15:16.47 | Q |
| 4 | 5 | 1 | Emiliano Brembilla | Italy | 15:16.72 | Q, **NR** |
| 5 | 4 | 5 | Jörg Hoffmann | Germany | 15:18.61 | Q |
| 6 | 5 | 2 | Masato Hirano | Japan | 15:19.48 | Q |
| 7 | 3 | 7 | Ryk Neethling | South Africa | 15:19.98 | Q, **AF** |
| 8 | 5 | 4 | Kieren Perkins | Australia | 15:21.42 | Q |
| 9 | 5 | 6 | Steffen Zesner | Germany | 15:21.65 |  |
| 10 | 3 | 3 | Paul Palmer | Great Britain | 15:22.65 |  |
| 11 | 4 | 7 | Luiz Lima | Brazil | 15:24.16 |  |
| 12 | 4 | 3 | Peter Wright | United States | 15:25.43 |  |
| 13 | 3 | 5 | Carlton Bruner | United States | 15:25.82 |  |
| 14 | 4 | 6 | Alexei Butsenin | Russia | 15:31.27 |  |
| 15 | 3 | 6 | Ihor Snitko | Ukraine | 15:31.40 |  |
| 16 | 4 | 8 | Torlarp Sethsothorn | Thailand | 15:40.04 | **NR** |
| 17 | 4 | 1 | Yann de Fabrique | France | 15:40.49 |  |
| 18 | 5 | 3 | Marco Formentini | Italy | 15:41.14 |  |
| 19 | 2 | 2 | Sergey Mikhnovets | Belarus | 15:41.80 | **NR** |
| 20 | 2 | 4 | Ricardo Monasterio | Venezuela | 15:42.39 |  |
| 21 | 3 | 1 | Frederik Hviid | Spain | 15:42.40 |  |
| 22 | 5 | 7 | Hisato Yasui | Japan | 15:43.66 |  |
| 23 | 2 | 5 | Jacob Carstensen | Denmark | 15:43.75 |  |
| 24 | 3 | 2 | Denys Zavhorodnyy | Ukraine | 15:46.79 |  |
| 25 | 3 | 8 | Lee Kyu-chang | South Korea | 15:47.92 |  |
| 26 | 2 | 7 | Agustín Fiorilli | Argentina | 15:51.85 |  |
| 27 | 2 | 3 | Scott Cameron | New Zealand | 15:56.60 |  |
| 28 | 4 | 2 | Igor Majcen | Slovenia | 16:10.81 |  |
| 29 | 1 | 4 | Ramón Valle | Honduras | 16:14.76 |  |
| 30 | 2 | 6 | Dimitrios Manganas | Greece | 16:15.94 |  |
| 31 | 2 | 1 | Pedro Ferreira | Portugal | 16:34.55 |  |
| 32 | 5 | 8 | Hisham Al-Masri | Syria | 16:42.35 |  |
| 33 | 1 | 3 | Hamed Rezakhani | Iran | 17:22.86 |  |
| 34 | 1 | 5 | Rashid Salim Al-Ma'shari | Oman | 18:11.59 |  |

### Final

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 8 | Kieren Perkins | Australia | 14:56.40 |  |
|  | 4 | Daniel Kowalski | Australia | 15:02.43 |  |
|  | 5 | Graeme Smith | Great Britain | 15:02.48 | **NR** |
| 4 | 6 | Emiliano Brembilla | Italy | 15:08.58 | **NR** |
| 5 | 1 | Ryk Neethling | South Africa | 15:14.63 | **AF** |
| 6 | 7 | Masato Hirano | Japan | 15:17.28 | **NR** |
| 7 | 2 | Jörg Hoffmann | Germany | 15:18.86 |  |
| 8 | 3 | Aleksey Akatyev | Russia | 15:21.68 |  |

## InfoBox

| Men's 1500 metre freestyle<br>at the Games of the XXVI Olympiad | |
| --- | --- |
| Venue | Georgia Tech Aquatic Center |
| Date | 26 July 1996 (heats & final) |
| Competitors | 34 from 26 nations |
| Winning time | 14:56.40 |
| Medalists | |
| Kieren Perkins  Australia  Daniel Kowalski  Australia  Graeme Smith  Great Britain | |
|


title: Li Shang

abstract: Li Shang was a Chinese military general and politician of the early Western Han dynasty. He was the brother of Li Yiji, an advisor to Liu Bang, the founding emperor of the Han dynasty. He was enfeoffed at Quzhou and awarded the noble title "Marquis of Quzhou" (曲周侯). Li Shang is generally revered as the founding ancestor of the Li (郦) surname.

text:
# Li Shang

**Li Shang** (died 180 BC) was a Chinese military general and politician of the early Western Han dynasty. He was the brother of Li Yiji, an advisor to Liu Bang, the founding emperor of the Han dynasty. He was enfeoffed at Quzhou and awarded the noble title "Marquis of Quzhou" (曲周侯). Li Shang is generally revered as the founding ancestor of the Li (郦) surname.

## InfoBox

| Li Shang | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Traditional Chinese | 酈商 |
| Simplified Chinese | 郦商 |
| Transcriptions  Standard Mandarin  Hanyu Pinyin Lì Shāng | |
|  | |


title: XHGC-TDT

abstract: XHGC-TDT is a television station owned by Grupo Televisa, broadcasting from Mexico City, and is the flagship of the Canal 5 network.

text:
# XHGC-TDT

**XHGC-TDT** (channel 5) is a television station owned by Grupo Televisa, broadcasting from Mexico City, and is the flagship of the Canal 5 network.

## History

XHGC signed on May 10, 1952, broadcasting a Mother's Day event organized by the Excélsior newspaper, but regular programming began on August 18, 1952. The station was established by Guillermo González Camarena, a Mexican engineer who was one of the inventors of modern color television; the station's calls reflect his surnames. González Camarena was director and general manager of XHGC until his death in 1965, and XHGC's concessionaire remained Televisión González Camarena, S.A., until November 30, 1994.

In 1954, XHGC was one of the first stations in the world to broadcast an early version of 3D television, in which two of the same picture appear side by side on the screen, combined into a single 3-dimensional image using special glasses. This version of 3D television was developed by an American inventor, James Butterfield, and tested in Mexico on XHGC.

In 1963, XHGC became the first station in Mexico to broadcast in color. By request of Guillermo González Camarena, XHGC became oriented at an audience of children and youth. The first color program broadcast was *Paraíso infantil* (*Children's Paradise*). Mexico was also likely the third country in North America and the fourth in the world, behind the United States, Cuba, and Japan, to introduce color television.

During its early years, XHGC also brought educational television to Mexico City viewers, with *Telesecundaria*, a pioneering educational program operated by the Secretary of Public Education.

At the end of the 1980s, the then-vice president of Televisa, Alejandro Burillo Azcárraga, spearheaded drastic changes in the branding of the company's television networks. While XHGC had branded as Canal 5 for years, using various logos with the number 5. However, as the network's various repeaters were not all on channel 5, the network began branding by the XHGC callsign. The landmark *Energía Visual* (Visual Energy) campaign, designed by Agustín Corona and Pablo Jato, featured idents with wildly varied logos and designs—a first for Mexican television. The campaign was designed to back the channel's youthful image.

The late 1980s also saw a unique split between XHGC and XEX-TV on Altzomoni, the other Canal 5 station receivable in Mexico City. The network began its broadcast day at 7 am in Mexico City, but at 4 pm in the rest of Mexico. The daytime hours on XEX (and some other Canal 5 repeaters) were filled by "TV Matutina" (later known as "Supercadena 8" or Super Channel 8), which offered repeats of Canal 5 and other Televisa programs.

In the 1990s, Canal 5 began branding with its channel number again. During this time period, Alejandro González Iñárritu, who had also been involved with Televisa's radio station XEW-FM (WFM), was involved in the creation of some of the network's promotional campaigns.

1999 saw the beginning of a shift in content providers for Canal 5, which had long been the exclusive Mexican rights holder to Disney programs such as Chip 'n Dale Rescue Rangers, DuckTales and a Mexican version of Disney Club. In 1999, these rights began to migrate to Televisión Azteca and Azteca 7. Instead, the network began relying more on WB, Cartoon Network, Fox, and Nickelodeon programs.

Today, Canal 5 carries children's programs, films and international series, as well as sporting events including UEFA Champions League, UEFA Europa League and FIFA World Cup matches, a limited number of Liga MX fixtures and international matches involving the Mexico national team, and select NFL games. Canal 5 also features some of Televisa's own productions, such as *El Chavo Animado* and *Mujeres Asesinas 3* by Pedro Torres.

In 2018, the concessions of all Canal 5 stations, including XHGC, were consolidated in the concessionaire Radio Televisión, S.A. de C.V., as part of a corporate reorganization of Televisa's concessionaires.

## Digital television

### Digital channel

| Channel | Video | Aspect | Short name | Programming |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 5.1 | 1080i | 16:9 | XHGC | Main XHGC-TDT programming / Canal 5 |

### Analog-to-digital conversion

XHGC applied for a digital channel in September 2005 and received channel 50. In 2015, it was authorized to increase power on its digital channel, from 80 to 300 kW.

XHGC-TV shut off its analog signal, on VHF channel 5, on December 17, 2015, at 12:00 a.m., as part of the federally mandated transition from analog to digital television.

In 2016, in order to facilitate the repacking of TV services out of the 600 MHz band (channels 38–51), XHGC was allowed to move from channel 50 to channel 31. The change occurred in April 2017, including a brief period in which both facilities operated at the same time.

### Repeaters

Aside from the Canal 5 network, XHGC maintains two of its own repeaters that account for terrain masking and gaps in coverage within the licensed coverage area:

| RF | Location | ERP |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 31 | Col. El Tenayo/Tlalnepantla, State of Mexico | .04 kW |
| 31 | Col. Ticomán, Mexico City | 0.06 kW |
| 31 | Ixtapaluca, Mex. | 0.826 kW |

## InfoBox

XHGC-TDT
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Channels |  |
| Branding | Canal 5 |
| Programming | |
| Affiliations | Canal 5 |
| Ownership | |
| Owner |  |
| Sister stations | XEW-TDT, XHTV-TDT, XEQ-TDT |
| History | |
| First air date | May 10, 1952 (1952-05-10) |
| Former call signs | XHGC-TV (1952-2015) |
| Former channel number(s) | **Analog**: 5 (VHF, 1952–2015)<br>**Digital**: 50 (2005-2017) |
| Call sign meaning | Guillermo González Camarena *(founder)* |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | IFT |
| ERP | 270 kW |
| Transmitter coordinates | 19°35′22.50″N 99°06′55.54″W / 19.5895833°N 99.1154278°W / 19.5895833; -99.1154278 |
| Links | |
| Website | www.televisa.com/canal5 |


title: Listed buildings in Firby, Hambleton

text:
# Listed buildings in Firby, Hambleton

Firby is a civil parish in the former Hambleton District of North Yorkshire, England. It contains four listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England. All the listed buildings are designated at Grade II, the lowest of the three grades, which is applied to "buildings of national importance and special interest". The parish contains the village of Firby and the surrounding countryside. The listed buildings consist of two houses, a milestone and former almshouses.

## Buildings

| Name and location | Photograph | Date | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Christ's Hospital Almshouses
54°16′19″N 1°35′36″W / 54.27194°N 1.59333°W / 54.27194; -1.59333 (Christ's Hospital Almshouses) |  | 1602 | The almshouses were converted into two houses in the about the 1970s. They are in stone on a chamfered plinth, and have a stone slate roof with stone coping. There are seven bays with a single storey, other than the middle bay, which projects, and is gabled with two storeys. This contains a doorway with a chamfered surround and a four-centred arched lintel, over which is a cornice containing a plaque with a moulded surround and a Latin inscription. Above this is a mullioned and transomed window, and a cornice and a plaque with a moulded architrave, and on the apex of the gable is a bellcote. The outer bays contain doorways with chamfered surrounds, some with four-centred arched lintels, and the windows are chamfered with mullions. |
| Milestone
54°16′22″N 1°36′40″W / 54.27281°N 1.61098°W / 54.27281; -1.61098 (Milestone) |  | 1712 | The milestone is on the left side of Masham Road (B6268 road). It is in limestone and consists of a square pillar about 1 metre (3 ft 3 in) high on a plinth. The milestone is inscribed with the date, and on all four sides with the names of destinations. |
| Ashla Cottage
54°16′22″N 1°35′28″W / 54.27274°N 1.59111°W / 54.27274; -1.59111 (Ashla Cottage) |  | Mid 18th century | The house is in stone with a pantile roof. There are two storeys and four bays. In the front is a doorway with a flush surround, above which is a sundial. The windows are sashes, those in the upper floor horizontally-sliding. All the openings have flat brick arches. |
| Firby Hall
54°16′23″N 1°35′33″W / 54.27307°N 1.59252°W / 54.27307; -1.59252 (Firby Hall) |  | Late 18th century | The house, which was extended in the 19th century, is in rendered stone, with a hipped stone slate roof and oversailing eaves. There are two storeys with a main front of six bays, three of them with three storeys and canted. The right return has two bays, and contains a doorway with pilasters, a fanlight and an open pediment. The windows are sashes with stone sills. |
|

### Citations

### Sources

* Historic England, "Christs Hospital Almshouses, Firby (1314988)", *National Heritage List for England*, retrieved 29 August 2024
* Historic England, "Milestone approximately 15 metres to north-west of Milehouse Farm, Firby (1314989)", *National Heritage List for England*, retrieved 29 August 2024
* Historic England, "Ashla Cottage, Firby (1151187)", *National Heritage List for England*, retrieved 29 August 2024
* Historic England, "Firby Hall, Firby (1190126)", *National Heritage List for England*, retrieved 29 August 2024
* Historic England (10 July 2024), *Listed Buildings*, retrieved 29 August 2024
* Grenville, Jane; Pevsner, Nikolaus (2023) \[1966\]. *Yorkshire: The North Riding*. The Buildings of England. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-25903-2.


title: Traf-O-Data

abstract: Traf-O-Data was a business partnership between Bill Gates, Paul Allen and Paul Gilbert that existed in the 1970s. The objective was to read the raw data from roadway traffic counters and create reports for traffic engineers. The company had only modest success but the experience was instrumental in the creation of Microsoft Corporation a few years later.

text:
# Traf-O-Data

**Traf-O-Data** was a business partnership between Bill Gates, Paul Allen and Paul Gilbert that existed in the 1970s. The objective was to read the raw data from roadway traffic counters and create reports for traffic engineers. The company had only modest success but the experience was instrumental in the creation of Microsoft Corporation a few years later.

## Traffic counting

State and local governments frequently perform traffic surveys with a pneumatic road tube traffic counter. Rubber hoses are stretched across a road and wheels of passing vehicles create air pulses that are recorded by a roadside counter. In the 1970s the counts were mechanically recorded on a roll of paper tape. The time and number of axles were punched as a 16-bit pattern into the paper tape. (The common Teletype paper tape uses only 7 bits.) Cities would hire private companies to translate the data into reports that traffic engineers could use to adjust traffic lights or improve roads.

Bill Gates and Paul Allen were high school students at Lakeside School in Seattle. The Lakeside Programmers Group got free computer time on various computers in exchange for writing computer programs. Gates and Allen thought they could process the traffic data cheaper and faster than the local companies by building a computer that could process all the traffic tapes using the Intel 8008 processor. The goal was to sell such machines to states and local governments as a time and cost-saving tool.

Since Gates and Allen did not know how to build a computer capable of processing data on paper tapes, they recruited Paul Gilbert to help in building a prototype that can manually read the hole-patterns in the paper tape and transcribe the data onto computer cards. Gilbert became the third partner. Gates then used a computer at the University of Washington to produce the traffic flow charts. (Paul Allen's father was a librarian at UW.) This was the beginning of Traf-O-Data.

## Traf-O-Data hardware

The next step was to build a device to read the traffic tapes directly and eliminate the tedious manual work. The Intel 8008 microprocessor was announced in 1972 and they realized it could read the tapes and process the data. Allen had graduated and was enrolled at Washington State University. Since neither Gates nor Allen had any hardware design experience, they were initially stumped.

Gates and Allen had a friend, Paul Wennberg, who, like them, loitered at Control Data Corporation near the University of Washington, cadging open time on the mainframe computer. Wennberg, later the founder of the Triakis Corporation, was an electrical engineering student at the University of Washington. In the course of events Gates and Allen mentioned they were looking for somebody to build them a computer for free. They needed somebody good enough to build a computer from parts and the diagrams found in a computer magazine. Wennberg talked to his friend, Wes Prichard, who suggested to Wennberg that Gates and Allen head over to the UW Physics building, now known as Mary Gates Hall, to talk to Paul Gilbert, another electrical engineering student, who worked in the high-energy tracking laboratory. It was there that Paul Gilbert was approached by the duo to become a partner in Traf-O-Data.

That year Gilbert, piece by piece, wire-wrapped, soldered, and assembled from electrical components the working microcomputer. Miles Gilbert, Paul Gilbert's brother, a graphic designer and draftsman, helped the fledgling company by designing the company's logo. Gates and Allen started writing the software. To test the software while the computer was being designed, Paul Allen wrote a computer program on WSU's PDP-10 that would emulate the 8008 microprocessor.

Although the plan had been to manufacture and sell the machines:

> "... when the guy from the County that Seattle's in came to see it, it didn't work. We ended up being okay successful, not seriously successful ... just by processing the tapes. At first, that was a very manual process. Then we used this prototype machine that we built to do that. So, we made a little bit of money and had some fun with it."
>
> Bill Gates, *Smithsonian*

Later, the State of Washington offered free traffic processing services to cities, ending the need for private contractors, and all three principals moved on to other projects. The real contribution of Traf-O-Data was the experience that Gates and Allen gained, skills they used to write Altair BASIC for the MITS Altair 8800 computer:

> "Even though Traf-O-Data wasn't a roaring success, it was seminal in preparing us to make Microsoft's first product a couple of years later. We taught ourselves to simulate how microprocessors work, using DEC computers, so we could develop software even before our machine was built."
>
> Paul Allen, *Fortune*

## InfoBox

Traf-O-Data
|
|  |
| Industry | Transportation engineering |
| Founded | 1972 (1972)
Seattle, Washington, U.S. |
| Founders | Bill Gates
Paul Allen
Paul Gilbert |
| Defunct | 1975 (1975) |
| Fate | Renamed to Microsoft |
| Successor | Microsoft Corporation |
| Headquarters | Seattle, Washington, U.S. |


title: Oxyopes rufisternis

abstract: Oxyopes rufisternis is a species of spider of the genus Oxyopes. It is endemic to Sri Lanka.

text:
# Oxyopes rufisternis

***Oxyopes rufisternis*** is a species of spider of the genus *Oxyopes*. It is endemic to Sri Lanka.

## InfoBox

| *Oxyopes rufisternis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Oxyopidae |
| Genus: | *Oxyopes* |
| Species: | ***O. rufisternis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Oxyopes rufisternis***<br>Pocock, 1901 | |
|


title: Valerie June

abstract: Valerie June Hockett, known as Valerie June, is an American singer, songwriter, and multi-instrumentalist from Memphis, Tennessee, United States. Her sound encompasses a mixture of folk, blues, gospel, soul, country, Appalachian and bluegrass. She is signed to Fantasy Records, and its parent company, Concord Music Group worldwide.

text:
# Valerie June

**Valerie June Hockett** (born January 10, 1982), known as **Valerie June**, is an American singer, songwriter, and multi-instrumentalist from Memphis, Tennessee, United States. Her sound encompasses a mixture of folk, blues, gospel, soul, country, Appalachian and bluegrass. She is signed to Fantasy Records, and its parent company, Concord Music Group worldwide.

## Early life

Born in Jackson, Tennessee on January 10, 1982, June is the oldest of five children. As a child growing up in Humboldt, June was exposed to gospel music at her local church and R&B and soul music via her father, Emerson Hockett, who was also a part-time concert promoter. As a teenager, her first job was with her father, owner of Hockett Construction in West Tennessee, and a part-time promoter for gospel singers and Prince, K-Ci & JoJo, and Bobby Womack. She helped by hanging posters in town. Her father died in late 2016.

## Musical career

### 2000–2009: Career beginnings

June relocated to Memphis in 2000 and began recording and performing at the age of 19, initially with her then-husband Michael Joyner, in the duo Bella Sun. After her marriage ended, she began working as a solo artist, combining blues, gospel and Appalachian folk in a style that she describes as "organic moonshine roots music", and learning guitar, banjo, and lap-steel guitar. She became associated with the Memphis-based Broken String Collective.

In 2009 she was a featured artist on MTV's online series *$5 Cover* (following the lives of Memphis musicians attempting to make ends meet), and in 2010 she recorded the EP *Valerie June and the Tennessee Express*, a collaboration with Old Crow Medicine Show.

### 2010–2015: *Pushin' Against a Stone* and touring

In 2011 she was honored by the Memphis and Shelby County Music Commission at the Emissaries of Memphis Music event. She raised funds to record an album with producer Craig Street via Kickstarter.com, raising $15,000 in 60 days. Later that year she relocated from Memphis to Williamsburg, Brooklyn. Shortly after, record producer Kevin Augunas introduced June to Dan Auerbach of The Black Keys, which led to the recording of June's album *Pushin' Against a Stone* in July 2011, which was co-written and produced by Dan Auerbach and Kevin Augunas.

In 2012, June performed with producer John Forté on a collaboration called *Water Suites* (on the hip-hop-blues song "Give Me Water"), and with Meshell Ndegeocello on the song "Be My Husband". She contributed The Wandering's 2012 album *Go on Now, You Can't Stay Here: Mississippi Folk Music Volume III*. In 2012 she performed in the United Kingdom for the first time, playing at Bestival and appearing on *Later... with Jools Holland*.

She has received substantial radio play in Europe on BBC Radio 6, including a feature on *Cerys on 6* with Cerys Matthews. Mary Anne Hobbs of XFM has said of June: "This woman has already touched my heart, she really, really has."

In February 2013, June was invited to support Jake Bugg on the UK leg of his tour. In March 2013, June performed two nights at South By Southwest. The first performance was on March 14 as part of the Heartbreaker Banquet. On March 16, June performed again, this time as part of The Revival Tour.

After self-releasing three albums, her debut album as a signed artist, *Pushin' Against a Stone*, was released in the UK and Europe through Sunday Best Recordings on May 6, 2013, and through Concord Music Group in August 2013. The album includes several songs co-written with Dan Auerbach of The Black Keys, who co-produced it with Kevin Augunas. The album was so titled to commemorate the story of her life. June said: "I feel I've spent my life pushing against a stone. And the jobs I've had have been fitting for getting a true feel for how the traditional artists I loved came home after a hard day to sit on the porch and play tunes until bedtime." The record includes performances by Booker T. Jones, who co-wrote one of the songs contained on the album. The track "Workin' Woman Blues" was produced and engineered by Peter Sabák in Budapest. June has described the recording of the song as "magical" as it was completed in approximately 30 minutes. The two singles released in the UK and Europe were "Workin' Woman Blues" and "You Can't Be Told".

In 2014, June was nominated for a Blues Music Award in the 'Best New Artist Debut' category for *Pushin' Against a Stone*. June appeared on *Austin City Limits* in 2014.

### 2017: *The Order of Time*

*Rolling Stone* listed June's second album, *The Order of Time*, as one of the 50 Best Albums of 2017, citing "her handsomely idiosyncratic brand of Americana, steeped deep in electric blues and old-time folk, gilded in country twang and gospel yearning....a blend of spacey hippie soul, blues and folk with June’s pinched, modern-Appalachian voice at the center".

In a 2017 interview, Bob Dylan was asked what artists he listened to and respected; June was among the artists he mentioned in reply.

### 2020–2021: *The Moon and Stars: Prescriptions for Dreamers*

In 2020, June released a three-track digital release, *Stay / Stay Meditation / You And I*, songs she co-produced with Jack Splash. The songs were set to appear on her next studio album.

On January 22, 2021, June announced her album, *The Moon and Stars: Prescriptions for Dreamers*, which was accompanied with the release of a new single from the album, “Call Me A Fool” featuring Carla Thomas. The video for "Call Me A Fool" was released on YouTube. To support the upcoming album, June made several live appearances on shows including *CBS This Morning*, *Late Night with Seth Meyers* and *The Kelly Clarkson Show*. In February 2021, June made her third appearance on KEXP; however, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the performance was recorded from her home.

*The Moon and Stars: Prescriptions for Dreamers* was released on March 12, 2021, through Fantasy Records. The record was co-produced by Jack Splash and written by June. The album received critical acclaim, and was awarded a score of 85/100 on Metacritic, based on 10 critics' reviews. *Pitchfork* described the album as her "most heavy-hearted" and "far-reaching" record, and praised June for exploring themes of "love and loss" throughout the album.

In November 2021, June received a Grammy nomination for Best American Roots Song for “Call Me A Fool” featuring Carla Thomas.

Apple featured June's song "You And I" in their 2021 Christmas holiday ad.

## Written work

### *Maps for the Modern World*

June completed a book that was released in April 2021 under her full name, Valerie June Hockett. *Maps for the Modern World* (Andrews McMeel) contains poems, artwork, and homilies that speak on ideas such as consciousness and mindfulness. *Memphis Magazine* said that the book makes it "official and indisputable" that June "is a poet".

## Discography

### Albums

| Album | Details | Peak positions | | | | | | | | | Certifications |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | US
 | US Sales | BEL
(Fl)
 | BEL
(Wa)
 | FRA
 | NED
 | SWE
 | SWI
 | UK
 | |
| *The Way of the Weeping Willow* |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| *Mountain of Rose Quartz* | * Released: 2008 * Label: Self-released * Formats: CD, digital download |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| *Pushin' Against a Stone* | * Released: August 13, 2013 * Label: Sunday Best Recordings * Formats: CD, LP, digital download | 41 |  | 26 | 56 | 23 | 34 | 51 | 29 | 56 |  |
| *The Order of Time* |  | 111 | 30 | 44 | 100 | 90
 | 99 |  | 38 |  |  |
| *The Moon and Stars: Prescriptions for Dreamers* | * Released: March 12, 2021 * Label: Fantasy Records * Formats: CD, LP, digital download |  | 56 |  |  |  |  |  | 41 |  |  |

### EPs

| Title | Details |
| --- | --- |
| *Valerie June and the Tennessee Express* | * Released: April 24, 2010 * Label: Self-released * Formats: CD, digital download |
| *Stay / Stay Meditation / You and I* | * Released: November 13, 2020 * Label: Fantasy Records * Formats: Digital download |
| *Under Cover* | * Released: August 26, 2022 * Label: June Tunes Music * Formats: Digital download |

### Singles

| Year | Single | Peak positions | | | Album |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | US
AAA
 | BEL
(Fl)
Tip
 | FRA | |
| 2012 | "Workin' Woman Blues" |  | 63 | 127 | *Pushin' Against a Stone* |
| | "You Can't Be Told" |  |  | | 94 |
| 2017 | "Astral Plane" |  |  |  | *The Order of Time* |
| | "Shakedown" | 20 |  | |  |
| 2020 | "Stay" |  |  |  | *The Moon and Stars: Prescriptions for Dreamers* |
| | "You and I" |  |  | |  |
| 2021 | "Call Me a Fool"
(featuring Carla Thomas) | 24 |  | |  |
| | "Why the Bright Stars Glow" |  |  | |  |
| | "Fallin'" |  |  | |  |
| "—" denotes single that did not chart or was not released in that territory. | | | | | |

### with Bella Sun

* *No Crystal Stair* (2004), Bella Sun Music

## InfoBox

| Valerie June | |
| --- | --- |
| Valerie June at the Fonda Theatre in Los Angeles in 2022 | |
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Valerie June Hockett |
| Born | (1982-01-10) January 10, 1982
Jackson, Tennessee, United States |
| Origin | Humboldt, Tennessee, United states |
| Genres | Americana, alternative, roots rock, folk, blues, soul, bluegrass, dream pop |
| Occupation(s) | Singer, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist |
| Instrument(s) | Guitar, banjo, ukulele |
| Years active | Early 2000s–present |
| Labels | Fantasy |
|  | |
| Website | www.valeriejune.com |


title: Sydney Ancher

abstract: Sydney Edward Cambrian Ancher ARAIA ARIBA, was an Australian architect from Woollahra, Sydney. His fascination with Europe contributed to the introduction of European internationalism in Australia. He also had a significant impact on the establishment of modern domestic architecture.

text:
# Sydney Ancher

**Sydney Edward Cambrian Ancher** ARAIA ARIBA (25 February 1904  8 December 1979), was an Australian architect from Woollahra, Sydney. His fascination with Europe contributed to the introduction of European internationalism in Australia. He also had a significant impact on the establishment of modern domestic architecture.

## Early life

Sydney Ancher was the son of New Zealand journalist Edward Albert Ancher and his Australian wife Ethel Puah, née Parsons. He was educated at Mosman Superior Public, North Sydney Boys’ High and Sydney Technical High School.

### Notable Projects

* Northbourne Housing Precinct, Canberra, ACT, 1960's
* Prevost House, Sydney, NSW, 1935 \[1\]
* Ancher House, 3 Maytone Avenue, Killara, NSW, 1945 \[2\]
* Farley House, North Curl Curl, NSW, 1948 \[3\]
* House, Killeaton Street, St Ives, NSW, 1950 \[4\]
* Sydney Ancher House, Sydney, NSW, 1957 \[5\]

## Family life

On 26 November 1926 he married Aaletha Ethel Hasemer, a stenographer, at the Presbyterian Church, Mosman, Australia.

### Retirement

Ancher retired in 1966. His wife died in 1970 and he died on 8 December 1979 in hospital at Waratah. He was cremated.


title: XHGD-FM

abstract: XHGD-FM is a radio station on 90.3 FM in Hidalgo del Parral, Chihuahua, Mexico. It is owned by the Salayandia family and is known as La Poderosa with a Regional Mexican format.

text:
# XHGD-FM

**XHGD-FM** is a radio station on 90.3 FM in Hidalgo del Parral, Chihuahua, Mexico. It is owned by the Salayandia family and is known as La Poderosa with a Regional Mexican format.

## History

**XEGD-AM** received its concession and signed on August 19, 1952. It originally broadcast on 1400 kHz with 1,000 watts and was owned by Domingo Salayandia Nájera, though at one point it also operated on 1520 kHz. In the 1990s, XEGD moved from 1400 to 700, and in 2003, it increased its power to 5,000 watts.

On its sixtieth anniversary, **XHGD-FM** was brought into service on 90.3 MHz; the new station was dedicated by Governor César Duarte.

## InfoBox

XHGD-FM / XEGD-AM
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Frequency | 90.3 FM \+ 700 AM |
| Branding | La Poderosa |
| Programming | |
| Format | Regional Mexican |
| Affiliations | Grupo Radiorama |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | * Salayandia family * (Radio Parralense, S.A. de C.V.) |
| History | |
| First air date | August 19, 1952 |
| Technical information | |
| ERP | 25 kW |
| Transmitter coordinates | 26°55′22″N 105°38′32″W / 26.92278°N 105.64222°W / 26.92278; -105.64222 |
| Links | |
| Webcast | Listen live |
| Website | lapoderosadeparral.com.mx |


title: Listed buildings in Fewston

abstract: Fewston is a civil parish in the former Harrogate district of North Yorkshire, England. It contains 13 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England. Of these, one is listed at Grade II*, the middle of the three grades, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade. The parish contains the village of Fewston and part of the village of Blubberhouses, and the surrounding countryside. Most of the listed buildings are houses, farmhouses and farm buildings, and the others include a church, a memorial and a sundial in the churchyard, and a guidestone.

text:
# Listed buildings in Fewston

Fewston is a civil parish in the former Harrogate district of North Yorkshire, England. It contains 13 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England. Of these, one is listed at Grade II\*, the middle of the three grades, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade. The parish contains the village of Fewston and part of the village of Blubberhouses, and the surrounding countryside. Most of the listed buildings are houses, farmhouses and farm buildings, and the others include a church, a memorial and a sundial in the churchyard, and a guidestone.

## Key

| Grade | Criteria |
| --- | --- |
| II\* | Particularly important buildings of more than special interest |
| II | Buildings of national importance and special interest |

## Buildings

| Name and location | Photograph | Date | Notes | Grade |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| St Lawrence's Church
53°58′58″N 1°42′16″W / 53.98265°N 1.70439°W / 53.98265; -1.70439 (St Lawrence's Church) |  | Medieval | The oldest part of the church is the tower, with the body dating from 1697. It is built in gritstone with a stone slate roof, and consists of a nave, a north aisle, a south porch, a chancel and a west tower. The tower has three stages, diagonal buttresses, round-arched bell openings with an impost band, a coved cornice, and an embattled parapet with corner pinnacles. The porch has a shallow segmental arch, pilasters, a projecting band, and a dated keystone, above which is a pulvinated frieze, a cornice, a coped gable with shaped kneelers, and a cross at the apex. | II\* |
| Memorial to John Brerey
53°58′58″N 1°42′14″W / 53.98264°N 1.70388°W / 53.98264; -1.70388 (Memorial to John Brerey) |  | 1613 | The memorial is a chest tomb in the churchyard of St Lawrence's Church. It is in gritstone, and consists of a slab with a moulded edge on four blocks set on edge. On each block is an inscribed cross, and there is an inscription along the south edge of the top slab. | II |
| 1 and 2 Hopper Lane
53°59′40″N 1°44′33″W / 53.99442°N 1.74247°W / 53.99442; -1.74247 (1 and 2 Hopper Lane) |  | 1703 | A pair of houses in gritstone, with a stone slate roof, shaped kneelers and gable copings. There are two storeys and four bays. The left house has a doorway with tie-stone jambs, a shaped doorhead, and dated and initialled quoins, and the right house has a doorway with an inscribed and dated lintel. Both houses have mullioned windows with sashes. | II |
| Hardisty House
53°59′54″N 1°44′26″W / 53.99831°N 1.74063°W / 53.99831; -1.74063 (Hardisty House) |  | 1728 | The house, which incorporates earlier material, is in gritstone, with quoins, and a stone slate roof with bulbous kneelers and gable coping. There are two storeys, two bays, and a rear outshut. The central doorway has moulded quoined jambs, and an initialled and dated ogee lintel. The windows on the front are recessed, chamfered and mullioned, at the rear is a stair window with a transom, and in the left return is a cross window. | II |
| Barn and stable range,
Hardisty House
53°59′53″N 1°44′25″W / 53.99802°N 1.74017°W / 53.99802; -1.74017 (Barn and stable range, Hardisty House) |  | Mid 18th century | The barn and stable range are in gritstone, with quoins, and a stone slate roof with shaped kneelers and gable coping. There are four bays and an added bay on the left. The main range contains a segmental-arched cart entrance and a byre door, both with quoined jambs, and a stable door with long and short jamb stones. On the left are external steps with a dog kennel beneath, and the added bay has a sliding door and a square pitching door. | II |
| Ivy Cottage
53°59′00″N 1°42′17″W / 53.98333°N 1.70472°W / 53.98333; -1.70472 (Ivy Cottage) |  | Mid 18th century | A house in gritstone, with quoins, and a stone slate roof with shaped kneelers and gable coping. There are two storeys and two bays. The central doorway has quoined jambs, and the windows are mullioned. | II |
| Skaife Hall Farmhouse
53°59′53″N 1°44′46″W / 53.99818°N 1.74609°W / 53.99818; -1.74609 (Skaife Hall Farmhouse) |  | Mid 18th century | The farmhouse is in gritstone, with quoins, shaped gutter brackets, and a stone slate roof with shaped kneelers and gable coping. There are two storeys, three bays, and a projecting wing on the left. In the centre is a gabled porch with cast iron columns and a doorway with a fanlight. In the middle of the upper floor is as round-arched window with imposts and a keystone, and the other windows are mullioned. At the rear is a tall staircase window with a transom. | II |
| Barn, Sykes Hill Farm
54°00′02″N 1°43′53″W / 54.00062°N 1.73144°W / 54.00062; -1.73144 (Barn, Sykes Hill Farm) |  | Mid 18th century | The barn is in gritstone, with quoins, and a stone slate roof with shaped kneelers and gable coping. There are four bays and an aisle. It contains a cart entrance with quoined jambs, a stable entrance, and rows of vents. | II |
| Sundial
53°58′57″N 1°42′17″W / 53.98249°N 1.70462°W / 53.98249; -1.70462 (Sundial) |  | 18th century (probable) | The sundial is in the churchyard of St Lawrence's Church. It is in gritstone, and consists of a shaft about 1 metre (3 ft 3 in) high on a circular base. The gnomon is missing, and on the south side are inscribed initials. | II |
| Plane Trees Farmhouse and outbuildings
53°59′59″N 1°43′45″W / 53.99971°N 1.72923°W / 53.99971; -1.72923 (Plane Trees Farmhouse and outbuildings) |  | Mid to late 18th century | The farmhouse and outbuildings are in gritstone, with quoins, the roof of the farmhouse is in stone slate, and there is some corrugated asbestos elsewhere. The house has two storeys and two bays, and a single-bay cottage on the left. To the right is a three-bay outbuilding with a hayloft, and further to the right is a four-bay barn. The house has a doorway with long and short quoined jambs, and mullioned windows. In the outbuilding is a shallow segmental arch with quoined jambs, and external steps to the hayloft, and the openings in the barn include a pitching door and slit vents. | II |
| Guidestone
54°00′29″N 1°44′40″W / 54.00806°N 1.74447°W / 54.00806; -1.74447 (Guidestone) |  | Late 18th century (probable) | The guidestone by a road junction is in gritstone. It consists of a square column about 1 metre (3 ft 3 in) high. It is inscribed on three sides with pointing hands and the direction of named places. | II |
| High Apprentice House
54°00′01″N 1°44′37″W / 54.00027°N 1.74368°W / 54.00027; -1.74368 (High Apprentice House) |  | c. 1800 | The house is in gritstone, with shaped gutter brackets, and stone slate roofs with shaped kneelers and gable copings. The main block has three storeys and three bays, to the left is a two-storey two-bay extension, and further left is an arched gateway. In the main block is a round-arched doorway, and to the right a smaller flat-headed doorway. The windows on the front are sashes, those in the ground floor of the main block with round-arched heads. At the rear is a doorway with tie-stone jambs, and mullioned windows. | II |
| Barn and cattle shelter,
Skaife Hall Farm
53°59′54″N 1°44′47″W / 53.99834°N 1.74642°W / 53.99834; -1.74642 (Barn and cattle shelter, Skaife Hall Farm) |  | c. 1820 | The farm buildings are in gritstone with moulded gutter brackets and a corrugated asbestos roof. They have an L-shaped plan, consisting of a range of two storeys and nine bays, and a two-bay barn. In the ground floor is an arcade of round arches with impost bands, and a circular pitching hole over each arch. The barn has a doorway with tie-stone jambs, a circular opening above, and a square window to the left. | II |
|

### Citations

### Sources


title: Len Shustek

abstract: Leonard J. "Len" Shustek is a founder of networking companies Nestar Systems and Network General and a former chairman of the board of trustees of the Computer History Museum located in Mountain View, California.

text:
# Len Shustek

**Leonard J.** "**Len**" **Shustek** is a founder of networking companies Nestar Systems and Network General and a former chairman of the board of trustees of the Computer History Museum located in Mountain View, California.

## Background and career

Shustek received BS and MS from Polytechnic Institute of New York University in Brooklyn, New York. After earning his PhD from Stanford University, he became an assistant professor of computer science at Carnegie Mellon University. After leaving the faculty, he co-founded Nestar Systems in 1979, and Network General in 1986. In 2003, he provided a $2.5 million endowment for the "Leonard J. Shustek Distinguished Professor of Computer Science Chair" at Polytechnic Institute of New York University. He has also taught computer science at Stanford University.

In 1972, Shustek proposed using microcode for evaluating the performance of computer systems. He received BS and MS from Polytechnic University in Brooklyn.

In a 1999 interview, Shustek reflected upon the failure of major computer suppliers decades earlier to recognize the need for computer networks. According to Shustek, computer scientist Harry Saal resigned his position at IBM Santa Teresa Laboratory, because he could not convince IBM to develop local area networks. Saal then convinced Shustek to give up his position as an associate professor at Carnegie Mellon, and together they founded the networking company Nestar.

1. Gardner Hendrie (2002-07-16), *Shustek, Len (Leonard J.) oral history* (PDF), Computer History Museum, retrieved 2021-11-22
2. Shustek, Len. "A Walk Through "Visible Storage"".
3. Burg (August 1, 2002). *The Triumph of Ethernet: Technological Communities and the Battle for the LAN Standard (Innovation and Technology in the World E)*. Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-4094-4.
4. Urs von Burg and Martin Kenney (September 1998). "Venture capital and the birth of the local area networking industry" (PDF). *Research Policy*. **29**. Elsevier Science B.V. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-11-05. Retrieved 2014-11-04.
5. *Overview of Computer History Museum*, Bloomberg Businessweek, archived from the original on 2017-02-02, retrieved 2012-10-29
6. Petrosky, Mary (1987-06-22). "Network General smells success with Sniffer". *Network World*. Vol. 4, no. 25. International Data Group. p. 15.
7. Stephanie Rosenbloom (March 12, 2003). "Professor Joins Polytechnic". *New York Times*. Retrieved 2012-10-30.
8. "Leonard J. Shustek". *Computer History Museum*. 4 February 2024.
9. Saal, Harry J; Shustek, Leonard J (1972), "Microprogrammed implementation of computer measurement techniques", *Conference record of the 5th annual workshop on Microprogramming - MICRO 5*, Proceeding MICRO 5 Conference record of the 5th annual workshop on Microprogramming, pp. 42–50, doi:10.1145/776378.776383, ISBN 9781450373692, OSTI 1442245, S2CID 16709945, retrieved 2012-10-29 `{{citation}}`: Unknown parameter `|agency=` ignored (help)

## InfoBox

| ProfessorLeonard Jay Shustek | |
| --- | --- |
| Len Shustek (center) 2011 | |
| Citizenship | United States |
| Education | PhD, Stanford University |
| Alma mater | Polytechnic Institute of New York University |
| Occupation | Occasional Consulting Professor |
| Employer | Stanford University |
| Board member of | Computer History Museum, Polytechnic Institute, Tablus (Technical Advisory Board) |
| Spouse | Donna Dubinsky |


title: Treason (1933 film)

abstract: Treason is a 1933 American pre-Code Western film directed by George B. Seitz and starring Buck Jones.

text:
# Treason (1933 film)

***Treason*** is a 1933 American pre-Code Western film directed by George B. Seitz and starring Buck Jones.

## Plot

## Cast

## InfoBox

| Treason | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | George B. Seitz |
| Written by | Gordon Battle |
| Produced by | Irving Briskin |
| Starring | Buck Jones |
| Cinematography | John W. Boyle |
| Edited by | Otto Meyer |
| Distributed by | Columbia Pictures |
| Release date | * February 10, 1933 (1933-02-10) |
| Running time | 63 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: Paroedura rennerae

abstract: Paroedura rennerae is a species of lizards in the family of the Gekkonidae. Members of this species were formerly assigned to Paroedura bastardi, but a study in 2021 found that they represent a separate species within the species complex. It is endemic to Madagascar, where it occurs in a variety of habitats.

text:
# Paroedura rennerae

***Paroedura rennerae*** is a species of lizards in the family of the Gekkonidae. Members of this species were formerly assigned to *Paroedura bastardi*, but a study in 2021 found that they represent a separate species within the species complex. It is endemic to Madagascar, where it occurs in a variety of habitats.

## Taxonomy

Specimens of *Paroedura rennerae* were not originally recognized as a separate species from Mocquard's Madagascar ground gecko, with collected specimens labelled as *P. bastardi* or *P.* sp. aff. *bastardi*. It was not until 2021 that an integrative revision of the *P. bastardi* species complex found that *P. rennerae* represents a morphologically and genetically distinct species. An adult female collected on 2 December 2010 from Kirindy Reserve was designated as the holotype specimen of *P. rennerae*. The specific name honors botanist and biologist Susanne Renner.

The following cladogram shows the position of *P. rennerae* among its closest relatives according to Piccoli *et al.* (2023):

## Distribution and habitat

*Paroedura rennerae* is believed to be a widespread species across the central and southern region of Madagascar, as it has been reliably recorded from five localities of varying habitats, some of which are rather distant from each other. It has been observed in dry forests, caves, human settlements, canyons, and on large granitic boulders. Though it may occur in drier environments, some specimens have been collected from humid microhabitats such as cavities below boulders and shaded areas near waterfalls.

## Description

This species is large for a member of the *Paroedura bastardi* complex, commonly growing over 7 cm in snout–vent length, with large individuals reaching more than 8 cm. The head is wider than the neck, being comparable to the torso in width. Marked median depressions are present on the well-developed canthal ridges, and the ear opening is a vertical slit. The rectangular rostral scales, over twice as wide as they are tall, are separated from the nostrils by prenasals.

Distinctly enlarged and spiny scales are present across the body. At the midbody, there are 17 rows of tuberculate scales arranged longitudinally. The dorsal scales of the limbs are mostly keeled and tuberculate, and the digits are expanded at the tips. The ventral scales of the forelimbs are notably smaller than the ventral scales elsewhere on the body. In adults, the tail has irregular rows of spine tubercles, whereas juveniles present these tubercles in very regular rows.

This lizard has brown dorsal colors with lighter ochre crossbands which fade at the flanks, distinctly visible as they are bordered by darker colors. These crossbands are even more distinct in juveniles. Contrasting darker brown markings are present across the body. The flanks and underside are a lighter, creamy color than the dorsum.

## Biology

Because all individuals in one study have been observed at night or near dusk, it is believed that *Paroedura rennerae* is a nocturnal species. This lizard has been seen climbing large boulders, tree trunks and wooden walls of huts, reaching heights of around 1 to 2 m above the ground. Similar to other species in the *P. bastardi* complex, *P. rennerae* is reported to be quick to bite when handled, likely as a defence mechanism. This species is one of many lizards known to engage in autotomy, as some specimens (including the holotype) have been found with regenerated tails, indicating it may shed its tail to evade predators.

This gecko is known to coexist with the related *Paroedura manongavato*, which has a much more restricted range, in both localities the latter species is known to occur. The analysed genes of the two species in the same localities show no gene flow, indicating reproductive isolation between them (possibly due to differing substrate use).

## InfoBox

| *Paroedura rennerae* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Male from Ambatomainty | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Family: | Gekkonidae |
| Genus: | *Paroedura* |
| Species: | ***P. rennerae*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Paroedura rennerae***<br>Miralles, Bruy, Crottini, Rakotoarison, Ratsoavina, Scherz, Schmidt, Kohler, Glaw, & Vences, 2021 | |
|
|  | |
| Range of the species within the *Paroedura bastardi* clade, with *P. rennerae* indicated by the red squares | |


title: Old Texas, Alabama

abstract: Old Texas is an unincorporated community in Monroe County, Alabama, United States. Old Texas is located on Alabama State Route 47, 12.3 miles (19.8 km) east-northeast of Beatrice.

text:
# Old Texas, Alabama

**Old Texas** is an unincorporated community in Monroe County, Alabama, United States. Old Texas is located on Alabama State Route 47, 12.3 miles (19.8 km) east-northeast of Beatrice.

## History

A post office called Old Texas was established in 1857, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1866. The community was named by pioneers from eastern states who passed through here on their way to Texas, and decided instead to stay.

## InfoBox

| Old Texas, Alabama | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| Old TexasOld Texas | |
| Coordinates: 31°46′11″N 87°00′01″W / 31.76972°N 87.00028°W / 31.76972; -87.00028 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Alabama |
| County | Monroe |
| Elevation | 430 ft (130 m) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| Area code | 251 |
| GNIS feature ID | 136590 |


title: Oxyopes heterophthalmus

abstract: Oxyopes heterophthalmus is a lynx spider from the family Oxyopidae, it is the type species of the genus Oxyopes and was described by Pierre André Latreille in 1804, it has a Palearctic distribution.

text:
# Oxyopes heterophthalmus

***Oxyopes heterophthalmus*** is a lynx spider from the family Oxyopidae, it is the type species of the genus *Oxyopes* and was described by Pierre André Latreille in 1804, it has a Palearctic distribution.

## Description

The palps of the male have a dorsally directed patellar apophysis, which is nearly as long as male's palpal tibia. The epigyne has a reddish-brown median part, and is broadly rounded anteriorly. The body colour is dark brown, with a whitish pattern on the dorsum. The legs are black, with bright hairs and strikingly robust spines. Both sexes are 5–7 millimetres (15310 in) in length. Their abdomen is roughly triangular in shape and ends in a point.

## Biology

*Oxyopes heterophthalmus* is a long legged, diurnal hunting spider which is capable of running very fast and jumping on their prey in a similar fashion to a cat, leading to their common name of lynx spider. They do not utilise webs to catch prey. Their eyesight is not as good as that of the jumping spiders but they can see their prey from a distance of up to 10 centimetres (4 in). In Great Britain adults occur in late May and June. The female spins a cocoon which is attached to a plant, she guards this until the eggs hatch.

## Habitat

*Oxyopes heterophthalmus* is normally found in mature dry heathland. It has a preference for heather and other low shrubs.

## Distribution

*Oxyopes heterophthalmus* has a Palearctic distribution. In Europe it is found in Central and Southern Europe, and is more common to the south. In Great Britain it is confined to a few sites in southern England.

## InfoBox

| *Oxyopes heterophthalmus* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Oxyopidae |
| Genus: | *Oxyopes* |
| Species: | ***O. heterophthalmus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Oxyopes heterophthalmus***<br>(Latreille, 1804) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Aranea heterophthalma* Latreille, 1804 * *Sphasus heterophthalmus* (Latreille, 1804) * *Oxyopes variegatus* Latreille, 1806 * *Sphasus alexandrinus* Audouin, 1826 * *Sphasus lineatus* Walckenaer, 1837 * *Oxyopes alexandrines* (Audouin, 1826) * *Oxyopes optabilis* O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872 * *Oxyopes dentatus* Thorell, 1872 * *Oxyopes lineatus* (Walckenaer, 1837) | |


title: Mario Tirelli

abstract: Mario Tirelli was an Italian entomologist. Tirelli was a specialist in the anatomy and biology of Bombyx mori the Mulberry silkmoth. He was under director of the Stazione Bacologica Sperimentale in Padua. He wrote Fisiologia degli Insetti (1929) and Atlante microfotografico della embriologia degli insetti. Col concorso della ditta G. Pasqualis di Vittorio Veneto, Padova, Regia Stazione Bacologica Sperimentale. (1930).

text:
# Mario Tirelli

**Mario Tirelli** (born 1906, date of death unknown) was an Italian entomologist.

Tirelli was a specialist in the anatomy and biology of Bombyx mori the Mulberry silkmoth. He was under director of the Stazione Bacologica Sperimentale in Padua. He wrote *Fisiologia degli Insetti* (1929) and *Atlante microfotografico della embriologia degli insetti (Bombyx mori)*. Col concorso della ditta G. Pasqualis di Vittorio Veneto, Padova, Regia Stazione Bacologica Sperimentale. (1930).

* Osborn, H. 1946 *Fragments of Entomological History Including Some Personal Recollections of Men and Events*. Columbus, Ohio, Published by the Author 2 1–232, 36 Taf. 149, Portr.(Taf. 22)
* Osborn, H. 1952 *A Brief History of Entomology Including Time of Demosthenes and Aristotle to Modern Times with over Five Hundred Portraits*. Columbus, Ohio, The Spahr & Glenn Company : 1-303 229, Portr.


title: Symphony No. 26 (Mozart)

abstract:
The Symphony No. 26 in E♭ major, K. 184/161a, was written by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and completed on March 30, 1773, one month after he returned from his third Italian tour. The symphony has the scoring of two flutes, two oboes, two bassoons, two horns, two trumpets and strings.
  - It has the following 3 movements:
  - Molto presto, ⁴4
  - Andante in C minor, ⁲4
  - Allegro, ⁳8

text:
# Symphony No. 26 (Mozart)

The **Symphony No. 26 in E major**, . 184/161a, was written by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and completed on March 30, 1773, one month after he returned from his third Italian tour.

The symphony has the scoring of two flutes, two oboes, two bassoons, two horns, two trumpets and strings.

It has the following 3 movements:

1. Molto presto, **4**
**4**
2. Andante in C minor, **2**
**4**
3. Allegro, **3**
**8**


abstract: Liberty Township is one of the thirteen townships of Fairfield County, Ohio, United States. As of the 2020 census the population was 8,214.

text:
# Liberty Township, Fairfield County, Ohio

**Liberty Township** is one of the thirteen townships of Fairfield County, Ohio, United States. As of the 2020 census the population was 8,214.

## Geography

Located in the northern part of the county, it borders the following townships:

The village of Baltimore is located in southeastern Liberty Township.

## Name and history

Liberty Township was named after the philosophical concept of liberty. It is one of twenty-five Liberty Townships statewide.

## Government

The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1. Two are elected in the year after the presidential election and one is elected in the year before it. There is also an elected township fiscal officer, who serves a four-year term beginning on April 1 of the year after the election, which is held in November of the year before the presidential election. Vacancies in the fiscal officership or on the board of trustees are filled by the remaining trustees.

## InfoBox

| Liberty Township, Fairfield County, Ohio | |
| --- | --- |
| Township | |
| Fields west of Baltimore | |
| Location of Liberty Township in Fairfield County | |
| Coordinates: 39°52′25″N 82°38′10″W / 39.87361°N 82.63611°W / 39.87361; -82.63611 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Ohio |
| County | Fairfield |
| Area | |
| Total | 50.3 sq mi (130.4 km2) |
| Land | 50.3 sq mi (130.4 km2) |
| Water | 0.0 sq mi (0.0 km2) |
| Elevation | 909 ft (277 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 8,214 |
| Density | 160/sq mi (63/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| FIPS code | 39-43120 |
| GNIS feature ID | 1086079 |
| Website | www.fairfieldcountyohio-libertytownship.org |


title: XHGAL-FM

abstract: XHGAL-FM is a radio station in Galeana, Nuevo León, known as Vive FM. XHGAL is part of the Nuevo León state-owned Radio Nuevo León public network.

text:
# XHGAL-FM

**XHGAL-FM** (93.7 FM) is a radio station in Galeana, Nuevo León, known as Vive FM. XHGAL is part of the Nuevo León state-owned Radio Nuevo León public network.

## InfoBox

XHGAL-FM
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Frequency | 93.7 FM |
| Branding | Vive FM |
| Programming | |
| Format | Public radio/music |
| Ownership | |
| Owner |  |
| History | |
| First air date | 1988 |
| Call sign meaning | **GAL**eana |
| Technical information | |
| ERP | 25 kW |
| Transmitter coordinates | 24°49′29″N 100°04′43″W / 24.82472°N 100.07861°W / 24.82472; -100.07861 |
| Links | |
| Website | srtvnl.com/vive-fm/ |


title: Lenny Cooper (cricketer)

abstract: Leonard 'Lenny' Michael Godfrey Cooper is an English cricketer. Cooper is a right-handed batsman who bowls left-arm medium-fast. He was born in Barnet, London. Cooper made his debut for Hertfordshire in the 2000 Minor Counties Championship against Cambridgeshire. Cooper played Minor counties cricket for Hertfordshire from 2000 to 2008, including 22 Minor Counties Championship matches and 10 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches. In 2001, he made his List A debut against Worcestershire in the 3rd round of the 2001 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy. He played a further List A match in 2001, against Staffordshire in the 1st round of the following season's competition, which was played in 2001. In his two List A matches, he scored 6 runs at a batting average of 3.00, with a high score of 6. With the ball he took just a single wicket, which cost 107 runs. His only List A wicket was that of Staffordshire's Graeme Archer, with Cooper claiming figures of 1/63 from 10 overs.

text:
# Lenny Cooper (cricketer)

**Leonard 'Lenny' Michael Godfrey Cooper** (born 9 June 1981) is an English cricketer. Cooper is a right-handed batsman who bowls left-arm medium-fast. He was born in Barnet, London.

Cooper made his debut for Hertfordshire in the 2000 Minor Counties Championship against Cambridgeshire. Cooper played Minor counties cricket for Hertfordshire from 2000 to 2008, including 22 Minor Counties Championship matches and 10 MCCA Knockout Trophy matches. In 2001, he made his List A debut against Worcestershire in the 3rd round of the 2001 Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy. He played a further List A match in 2001, against Staffordshire in the 1st round of the following season's competition, which was played in 2001. In his two List A matches, he scored 6 runs at a batting average of 3.00, with a high score of 6. With the ball he took just a single wicket, which cost 107 runs. His only List A wicket was that of Staffordshire's Graeme Archer, with Cooper claiming figures of 1/63 from 10 overs.

## InfoBox

Lenny Cooper
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Leonard Michael Gordon Cooper |
| Born | (1981-06-09) 9 June 1981<br>Barnet, London, England |
| Nickname | LC |
| Batting | Right-handed |
| Bowling | Left-arm medium-fast |
| Domestic team information | |
| Years | Team |
| 2000–2008 | Hertfordshire |
|  | |
| Career statistics | |
| Competition List A  Matches 2  Runs scored 6  Batting average 3.00  100s/50s –/–  Top score 6  Balls bowled 96  Wickets 1  Bowling average 107.00  5 wickets in innings   10 wickets in match   Best bowling 1/63  Catches/stumpings 2/– | |
|  | |
| Source: Cricinfo, 24 April 2011 | |


title: Trachythorax sparaxes

abstract: Trachythorax sparaxes is a species of phasmid or stick insect of the genus Trachythorax. It is found in India and Sri Lanka.

text:
# Trachythorax sparaxes

***Trachythorax sparaxes*** is a species of phasmid or stick insect of the genus *Trachythorax*. It is found in India and Sri Lanka.

## InfoBox

| *Trachythorax sparaxes* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Phasmatodea |
| Family: | Lonchodidae |
| Genus: | *Trachythorax* |
| Species: | ***T. sparaxes*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Trachythorax sparaxes***<br>(Westwood, 1859) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Necroscia sparaxes* Westwood, 1859 | |


title: Paroedura spelaea

abstract: Paroedura spelaea is a species of lizard in the family Gekkonidae. It is endemic to Madagascar.

text:
# Paroedura spelaea

***Paroedura spelaea*** is a species of lizard in the family Gekkonidae. It is endemic to Madagascar.

## InfoBox

| *Paroedura spelaea* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Family: | Gekkonidae |
| Genus: | *Paroedura* |
| Species: | ***P. spelaea*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Paroedura spelaea***<br>Glaw, Kohler, & Vences, 2018 | |
|