title: Winston Fitzgerald

abstract: Winston "Scotty" Fitzgerald (1914–1987) was a Cape Breton fiddler. He was a pioneer in recorded performances of the music, and has heavily influenced the style and repertoire of later generations of players.

text:
# Winston Fitzgerald

**Winston "Scotty" Fitzgerald** (1914–1987) was a Cape Breton fiddler. He was a pioneer in recorded performances of the music, and has heavily influenced the style and repertoire of later generations of players.

## Bio

Fitzgerald was born on February 16, 1914, at White Point, Victoria County, Nova Scotia, a remote fishing village on the northeastern tip of Cape Breton Island. His parents were of Irish-French descent. Both his father and older brother, Bob Leonard Fitzgerald, played the violin, and he began to take an interest in playing at age eight. His first public performance was at a picnic at age twelve. The Fitzgerald men worked as fishermen in the summer, and in the 1930s Fitzgerald also worked at the shipyards in Halifax during the winter months. During this time, Fitzgerald played radio shows and tours with Hank Snow for about two and a half years.

Fitzgerald served a stint in the army during World War II, then settled in Sydney after the war. He took a correspondence course from the U.S. School of Music, learning a lot of useful bowing techniques. In 1947, he formed a group called the "Radio Entertainers" with Beattie Wallace (piano) and Estwood Davidson (guitar). The group recorded numerous 78s, as well as four LPs. As he became better known, Fitzgerald also got exposure playing on the "Cliff MacKay" and "Don Messer" shows. Later, he played as part of the Cape Breton Symphony on The John Allan Cameron Show. Never a full-time musician, he worked at a variety of jobs, including cooking, carpentry, and aluminum siding work.

Many of Fitzgerald's recordings are now out of print, but a selection culled from his albums has been reissued as *Classic Cuts* by Breton Books & Music. A significant portion of his repertoire has been preserved in a book called *Winston Fitzgerald: A Collection of Fiddle Tunes*, issued by Cranford Publications.

* Cranford, Paul (1997), *Winston Fitzgerald: A Collection of Fiddle Tunes*
* MacGillivray, Allister (1981), *The Cape Breton Fiddler*, College of Cape Breton Press. ISBN 0-920336-12-4.

## InfoBox

| Winston Scotty Fitzgerald | |
| --- | --- |
| Birth name | Winston Scotty Fitzgerald |
| Born | 1914 |
| Origin | White Point, Victoria County, Nova Scotia, Canada |
| Died | 1987 |


title: Sweet crude oil

abstract: Sweet crude oil is a type of petroleum. The New York Mercantile Exchange designates petroleum with less than 0.5% sulfur as sweet. Petroleum containing higher levels of sulfur is called sour crude oil. Sweet crude oil contains small amounts of hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide. High-quality, low-sulfur crude oil is commonly used for processing into gasoline and is in high demand, particularly in industrialized nations. Light sweet crude oil is the most sought-after version of crude oil as it contains a disproportionately large fraction that is directly processed (fractionation) into gasoline (naphtha), kerosene, and high-quality diesel. The term sweet originates from the fact that a low level of sulfur provides the oil with a relatively sweet taste and pleasant smell, compared to sulfurous oil. Nineteenth-century prospectors would taste and smell small quantities of oil to determine its quality.

text:
# Sweet crude oil

**Sweet crude oil** is a type of petroleum. The New York Mercantile Exchange designates petroleum with less than 0.5% sulfur as *sweet*.

Petroleum containing higher levels of sulfur is called sour crude oil.

Sweet crude oil contains small amounts of hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide. High-quality, low-sulfur crude oil is commonly used for processing into gasoline and is in high demand, particularly in industrialized nations. *Light sweet crude oil* is the most sought-after version of crude oil as it contains a disproportionately large fraction that is directly processed (fractionation) into gasoline (naphtha), kerosene, and high-quality diesel (gas oil).

The term *sweet* originates from the fact that a low level of sulfur provides the oil with a relatively sweet taste and pleasant smell, compared to sulfurous oil. Nineteenth-century prospectors would taste and smell small quantities of oil to determine its quality.

## Producers

Producers of sweet crude oil include:

## Pricing

The term "price of oil", as used in the U.S. media, generally means the cost per barrel (42 U.S. gallons) of West Texas Intermediate Crude, to be delivered to Cushing, Oklahoma during the upcoming month. This information is available from NYMEX or the U.S. Energy Information Administration.


abstract: Wales is a civil parish in the Metropolitan Borough of Rotherham, South Yorkshire, England. The parish contains 19 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England. Of these, one is listed at Grade II*, the middle of the three grades, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade. The parish contains the villages of Wales and Kiveton Park, and the surrounding area. The listed buildings include houses and associated structures, a church, farmhouses and farm buildings, former mill buildings, two railway bridges, offices, a milepost, and a war memorial.

text:
# Listed buildings in Wales, South Yorkshire

Wales is a civil parish in the Metropolitan Borough of Rotherham, South Yorkshire, England. The parish contains 19 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England. Of these, one is listed at Grade II\*, the middle of the three grades, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade. The parish contains the villages of Wales and Kiveton Park, and the surrounding area. The listed buildings include houses and associated structures, a church, farmhouses and farm buildings, former mill buildings, two railway bridges, offices, a milepost, and a war memorial.

## Key

| Grade | Criteria |
| --- | --- |
| II\* | Particularly important buildings of more than special interest |
| II | Buildings of national importance and special interest |

## Buildings

| Name and location | Photograph | Date | Notes | Grade |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Church of St John the Baptist
53°20′20″N 1°17′03″W / 53.33894°N 1.28425°W / 53.33894; -1.28425 (Church of St John the Baptist) |  | Early 12th century | The church was later extended, with a tower added in the 15th century and the vestry in the 18th century. In 1896–97 C. Hodgson Fowler added a new nave and south aisle, and in 1933 there were a new chancel and south vestries. The church is built in sandstone with roofs of Welsh slate and tile. The 12th-century nave and chancel are now the north aisle and chapel. At its west end is the tower in Perpendicular style, with three stages, diagonal buttresses, a three-light west window with a pointed head, string courses, a clock face on the west, two-light bell openings, a north gargoyle, and a parapet. The 12th-century doorway has been re-set in the south porch. | II\* |
| Step Cottage
53°20′19″N 1°17′06″W / 53.33867°N 1.28501°W / 53.33867; -1.28501 (Step Cottage) |  | 16th century (probable) | A house with a timber framed core, it was encased in the 18th century and later altered. It is in pebbledashed stone with a pantile roof. There are two storeys, two bays, a single-story extension on the left, and a partial rear outshut. On the front is a porch, the ground floor windows are casements, and in the upper floor are horizontally-sliding sash windows. | II |
| Bedgreave Old Mill
53°20′23″N 1°19′14″W / 53.33979°N 1.32064°W / 53.33979; -1.32064 (Bedgreave Old Mill) |  | Early 17th century | The former water-powered cornmill is in sandstone with quoins, and has a single storey and a single cell. In the right gable end is a doorway with a two-light mullioned window above, and the other gable has a large opening with a quoined surround. In the right return is a square opening and a slit window. | II |
| Wales Court
53°20′51″N 1°16′57″W / 53.34763°N 1.28240°W / 53.34763; -1.28240 (Wales Court) |  | 1629 | A small country house, later extended and divided, it is in sandstone, partly rendered, and has tile roofs. There are two storeys and an irregular plan. At two corners are circular towers surmounted by octagonal copper spires. On the west front is a two-storey square bay window with a hipped roof, and a projecting section with a pediment containing a doorway with a heraldic datestone, and elsewhere are two canted bay windows with copper spires. | II |
| End sections of outbuildings,
Kiveton Hall
53°20′44″N 1°15′15″W / 53.34563°N 1.25406°W / 53.34563; -1.25406 (End sections of outbuildings, Kiveton Hall) |  | c. 1700 | The end sections of the buildings are in limestone and red brick, with eaves cornices, and hipped roofs of stone slate and pantile. Each section has one storey and one bay. The end walls have a stone plinth and a plinth band, over which is a quoined brick panel containing a twin oeil-de-boeuf with keystones. | II |
| Section of wall, Kiveton Hall
53°20′42″N 1°15′13″W / 53.34503°N 1.25350°W / 53.34503; -1.25350 (Section of wall, Kiveton Hall) |  | Mid 18th century (probable) | The wall is in limestone with thin slab copings, and is about 3 metres (9.8 ft) high and about 50 metres (160 ft) long. The wall contains a doorway with a quoined architrave and a tripartite keystone, and to its left is a doorway with a plain surround and a dated lintel. | II |
| Bedgreave New Mill
53°20′24″N 1°19′13″W / 53.33989°N 1.32028°W / 53.33989; -1.32028 (Bedgreave New Mill) |  | c. 1768 | Originally a corn watermill with an engine house added in the 19th century, and later converted into a visitor centre. It is in sandstone, the gables rebuilt in brick, with quoins and a pantile roof with coped gables and shaped kneelers. There is a T-shaped plan, the mill on the left forming a cross-wing with two storeys and a loft and a gabled front of three bays, to the right is a long single-storey range, and at the rear is a single-storey engine house. In the mill are doorways in the middle bay, and small-pane casement windows, and the range contains a large wagon entrance with a quoined surround. | II |
| Dovecote behind 4 Manor Road
53°20′31″N 1°17′01″W / 53.34184°N 1.28356°W / 53.34184; -1.28356 (Dovecote behind 4 Manor Road) |  | Late 18th century | The dovecote is rectangular with two storeys and a single cell. The lower storey is in stone with quoins, the upper storey is in brick, and there is a hipped pantile roof. In the upper storey is a central round-arched opening with the remains of pigeon holes over a continuous ledge. Inside, there are brick nesting holes. | II |
| The Beeches
53°20′30″N 1°17′01″W / 53.34173°N 1.28359°W / 53.34173; -1.28359 (The Beeches) |  | Late 18th century | The house is rendered, with quoins, and a Welsh slate roof with coped gables and shaped kneelers. There are two storeys and attics, four bays, and two rear wings infilled by an outshut. In the left bay is an open Doric porch with a pediment, and a doorway with a fanlight. The second and fourth bays contain bay windows, the other windows are sashes, and at the rear is a round-headed stair window. | II |
| Cartshed and granary, Barn House
53°20′29″N 1°17′05″W / 53.34142°N 1.28485°W / 53.34142; -1.28485 (Cartshed and granary, Barn House) |  | Early 19th century | The cartshed and granary, later used for other purposes, are in limestone, with red brick on the west side, and a pantile roof with coped gables and shaped kneelers. There are two storeys and five bays. In the ground floor are quoins, and an arcade of five basket arches with rounded brick piers, stone springers, and keystones, and above is a hatch. On the right return are external stone steps. | II |
| The Farmhouse, Bedgreave Mill
53°20′23″N 1°19′12″W / 53.33986°N 1.32001°W / 53.33986; -1.32001 (The Farmhouse, Bedgreave Mill) |  | Early 19th century | The farmhouse, later used for other purposes, is in sandstone with quoins and a pantile roof. There are two storeys and an attic, and three bays. The central doorway has a stone slab hood on brackets, and the windows are three-light casements. | II |
| Kiveton Hall
53°20′43″N 1°15′09″W / 53.34518°N 1.25244°W / 53.34518; -1.25244 (Kiveton Hall) |  | Early 19th century | The house is built on the site of a previous house, Kiveton Park, which was demolished in 1811. It is in limestone on a plinth, with a floor band and a slate roof. There are two storeys and an attic, fronts of three and two bays, and a rear wing on the left containing the entrance. In the centre is a single-storey canted bay window, and the other windows are a mix of sashes and casements. | II |
| Ha-ha, Kiveton Hall
53°20′42″N 1°15′07″W / 53.34507°N 1.25204°W / 53.34507; -1.25204 (Ha-ha, Kiveton Hall) |  | Early 19th century (probable} | The ha-ha consists of a coped stone wall running in an arc to the east of the house. It is a retaining wall with a ditch on the east side, and the copings are at lawn level. | II |
| Main gate piers, Kiveton Hall
53°20′43″N 1°15′16″W / 53.34516°N 1.25452°W / 53.34516; -1.25452 (Main gate piers, Kiveton Hall) |  | Early 19th century (probable) | The gate piers re-use earlier material, and are in limestone. They are square with chamfered edges, thin bands, pyramidal plinths, and ball finials. Each pier has a buttress containing a panel with an architrave, and a scrolled bracket under a moulded cornice. | II |
| Railway bridge,
Kiveton Bridge Station
53°20′29″N 1°16′05″W / 53.34130°N 1.26792°W / 53.34130; -1.26792 (Railway bridge, Kiveton Bridge Station) |  | c. 1849 | The bridge was built by the Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway to carry Station Road (B6059 road) over its line. It is in limestone with a brick soffit, and consists of a single segmental skew arch. The bridge has voussoirs, a band, buttresses, and a coped parapet with iron railings. | II |
| Railway bridge near Low Laithes Farm
53°20′56″N 1°16′52″W / 53.34890°N 1.28123°W / 53.34890; -1.28123 (Railway bridge near Low Laithes Farm) |  | c. 1849 | The bridge was built by the Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway to carry a track over its line. It is in limestone with a brick soffit, and consists of a single segmental arch. The bridge has voussoirs, a band linking end piers, and a coped parapet. | II |
| Kiveton Park Colliery Offices
53°20′21″N 1°15′53″W / 53.33925°N 1.26486°W / 53.33925; -1.26486 (Kiveton Park Colliery Offices) |  | 1872–75 | The office building is in red brick on a brick plinth, with a moulded sill band and a Welsh slate roof. It is partly in two storeys, partly in one storey with an attic, it has an irregular U-shaped plan, and a main front of nine bays. The building contains a square clock turret with clock faces on a drum under a pyramidal roof with louvred gablets. Other features include an upper floor bay window with a half-pyramidal roof, buttresses, a gable with an oculus, and a war memorial in the form of an Ionic aedicule with a segmental pediment. | II |
| Milepost
53°20′41″N 1°17′56″W / 53.34468°N 1.29895°W / 53.34468; -1.29895 (Milepost) |  | Late 19th century | The milepost is on the east side of Mansfield Road (A618 road), Wales Common. It consists of a gritstone post with cast iron overlay, and has a triangular section and a rounded top. On the top is inscribed "ROTHERHAM & PLEASLEY ROAD" and "WALES" and on the sides are the distances to Rotherham, Mansfield, and Pleasley. | II |
| War memorial
53°20′27″N 1°17′02″W / 53.34096°N 1.28394°W / 53.34096; -1.28394 (War memorial) |  | Mid 1920s | The war memorial is in an enclosure by a road junction. It is in white marble, and consists of a statue of an infantryman in battledress standing on a square pedestal on a moulded plinth with a cornice. On the pedestal and plinth are inscriptions and details of those lost in the two World Wars and in later conflicts. | II |
|

### Citations

### Sources


title: Shikishima

abstract: Shikishima is another name for Japan, derived from the ancient site of Shiki, where the emperor's palace was located.

text:
# Shikishima

**Shikishima** is another name for Japan, derived from the ancient site of Shiki, where the emperor's palace was located.

## People

## Places

## Transport

* Shikishima class (PLH), a class of patrol vessel operated by the Japan Coast Guard
* Shikishima (PLH 31), a patrol vessel of the Japan Coast Guard
* Shikishima-class battleship, a class of battleships built for the Imperial Japanese Navy in the late 1890s
* E001 series, a Japanese luxury cruise train set branded *Train Suite Shiki-shima*. The name is a homophone of Shikishima , which means "Islands of four seasons" in Japanese.


title: 1958 in Michigan

abstract: Events from the year 1958 in Michigan.

text:
# 1958 in Michigan

Events from the year **1958 in Michigan**.

## Top stories

The Associated Press ranked the top Michigan news stories of 1958 as follows:

* The November 18 sinking of the SS Carl D. Bradley in a Lake Michigan storm, resulting in the death of 33 of 35 crew members (AP-1, 350 points)
* The April 6 crash of Capital Airlines Flight 67 into Saginaw Bay on final approach to Freeland, Michigan, resulting in the deaths of all 47 persons on board (AP-2, 285 points)
* The Democratic Party's sweep of the November election (AP-3, 240 points))
* The case of Frank Kierdorf, business agent for Teamsters Local 332 in Flint, who was taken at gunpoint to a wooded area in Oakland County, set on fire, and then dropped off at St. Joseph Mercy Hospital in Pontiac (AP-4, 239 points)
* Dedication of the Mackinac Bridge (AP-5, 191 points)
* Negotiations and strikes between the UAW and Big Three automobile manufacturers (AP-6, 180 points)
* Proposal to create a state income tax (AP-7)
* Record unemployment (AP-8)
* Slump in the automobile industry (AP-9)
* 1958 Detroit Tigers season, including the June 9 firing of manager Jack Tighe, the drop to fifth place, and the trade of Billy Martin to Cleveland (AP-10)

The United Press International ranked the state's top sports stories of 1958 as follows:

## Office holders

### State office holders

### Mayors of major cities

### Federal office holders

## Population

In the 1950 United States census, Michigan was recorded as having a population of 6,421,000 persons, ranking as the seventh most populous state in the country. By 1960, the state's population had grown 22.8% to 7,823,194 persons.

### Cities

The following is a list of cities in Michigan with a population of at least 40,000 based on 1950 U.S. Census data. Historic census data from 1940 and 1960 is included to reflect trends in population increases or decreases. Cities that are part of the Detroit metropolitan area are shaded in tan.

| 1950
Rank | City | County | 1940 Pop. | 1950 Pop. | 1960 Pop. | Change 1950-60 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Detroit | Wayne | 1,623,452 | 1,849,568 | 1,670,144 | −9.7% |
| 2 | Grand Rapids | Kent | 164,292 | 176,515 | 177,313 | 0.5% |
| 3 | Flint | Genesee | 151,543 | 163,143 | 196,940 | 20.7% |
| 4 | Dearborn | Wayne | 63,589 | 94,994 | 112,007 | 17.9% |
| 5 | Saginaw | Saginaw | 82,794 | 92,918 | 98,265 | 5.8% |
| 6 | Lansing | Ingham | 78,753 | 92,129 | 107,807 | 17.0% |
| 7 | Pontiac | Oakland | 66,626 | 73,681 | 82,233 | 11.6% |
| 8 | Kalamazoo | Kalamazoo | 54,097 | 57,704 | 82,089 | 42.4% |
| 9 | Bay City | Bay | 47,956 | 52,523 | 53,604 | 2.1% |
| 10 | Jackson | Jackson | 49,656 | 51,088 | 50,720 | −0.7% |
| 11 | Battle Creek | Calhoun | 43,453 | 48,666 | 44,169 | −9.2% |
| 12 | Muskegon | Muskegon | 47,697 | 48,429 | 46,485 | −4.0% |
| 13 | Ann Arbor | Washtenaw | 29,815 | 48,251 | 67,340 | 39.6% |
| 14 | Royal Oak | Oakland | 25,087 | 46,898 | 80,612 | 71.9% |
| 15 | Warren | Macomb | 23,658 | 42,653 | 89,246 | **109.2%** |
|

### Counties

The following is a list of counties in Michigan with populations of at least 100,000 based on 1950 U.S. Census data. Historic census data from 1940 and 1960 are included to reflect trends in population increases or decreases. Counties that are part of the Detroit metropolitan area are shaded in tan.

| 1980
Rank | County | Largest city | 1940 Pop. | 1950 Pop. | 1960 Pop. | Change 1950-60 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Wayne | Detroit | 2,015,623 | 2,435,235 | 2,666,297 | 9.5% |
| 2 | Oakland | Pontiac | 254,068 | 396,001 | 690,259 | 74.3% |
| 3 | Kent | Grand Rapids | 246,338 | 288,292 | 363,187 | 26.0% |
| 4 | Genesee | Flint | 227,944 | 270,963 | 374,313 | 38.1% |
| 5 | Macomb | Warren | 107,638 | 184,961 | 405,804 | **119.4%** |
| 6 | Ingham | Lansing | 130,616 | 172,941 | 211,296 | 22.2% |
| 7 | Saginaw | Saginaw | 130,468 | 153,515 | 190,752 | 24.3% |
| 8 | Washtenaw | Ann Arbor | 80,810 | 134,606 | 172,440 | 28.1% |
| 9 | Kalamazoo | Kalamazoo | 100,085 | 126,707 | 169,712 | 33.9% |
| 10 | Muskegon | Muskegon | 94,501 | 121,545 | 129,943 | 6.9% |
| 11 | Calhoun | Battle Creek | 94,206 | 120,813 | 138,858 | 14.9% |
| 12 | Berrien | Benton Harbor | 89,117 | 115,702 | 149,865 | 29.5% |
| 13 | Jackson | Jackson | 93,108 | 108,168 | 131,994 | 22.0% |

## Sports

### Baseball

### American football

### Basketball

### Ice hockey

### Boat racing

### Golf

## Chronology of events

### January

### February

### March

### April

### May

### June

### July

### August

### September

### October

### November

### December

## Births

## Deaths

* October 25 - Edward Aloysius Mooney, Roman Catholic Cardinal and Archbishop of Detroit (1937-1958), at age 76 in Rome, Italy
* November - H. G. Salsinger, sports editor of The Detroit News for 49 years, at age 73 in Detroit

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Decades: |  |
| See also: |  |


title: Never Got Caught

abstract: Never Got Caught is an American rock band composed of vocalist and guitarist Bryan "Uzi" Hinkley and drummer Bill Hinkley of the Boston hardcore punk band TREE, bassist Jesse Sherman, and guitarist David Ward.

text:
# Never Got Caught

**Never Got Caught** is an American rock band composed of vocalist and guitarist Bryan "Uzi" Hinkley and drummer Bill Hinkley of the Boston hardcore punk band TREE, bassist Jesse Sherman, and guitarist David Ward.

## History

The musical style of the band has been referred to as "Blues, jazz, metal, classic rock, punk, and a flair for the experimental all go into the blender to form the seductive, intoxicating, devastating cocktail that is Never Got Caught."

## Discography

* *Never Got Caught EP* (2007)
* *There and Back* (2008)
* *Creepshow* (2009)
* *I/III* (2011)

https://bloody-disgusting.com/news/119286/never-got-caught-ex-tree-announce-tour-with-clutch/


abstract: The boys' 200 metre breaststroke event in swimming at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics took place on 20 August at the Nanjing Olympic Sports Centre in Nanjing, China.

text:
# Swimming at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics – Boys' 200 metre breaststroke

The **boys' 200 metre breaststroke** event in swimming at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics took place on 20 August at the Nanjing Olympic Sports Centre in Nanjing, China.

## Results

### Heats

The heats were held at 10:19.

| Rank | Heat | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 1 | 5 | Carlos Claverie | Venezuela | 2:14.02 | Q |
| 2 | 1 | 4 | Maximilian Pilger | Germany | 2:14.65 | Q |
| 3 | 3 | 5 | Anton Chupkov | Russia | 2:15.46 | Q |
| 4 | 3 | 4 | Ippei Watanabe | Japan | 2:15.50 | Q |
| 5 | 2 | 4 | Dávid Horváth | Hungary | 2:15.69 | Q |
| 6 | 1 | 3 | Cai Bing-rong | Chinese Taipei | 2:15.78 | Q |
| 7 | 3 | 3 | Andreas Mickosz | Brazil | 2:16.62 | Q |
| 8 | 2 | 3 | Jarred Crous | South Africa | 2:16.65 | Q |
| 9 | 2 | 6 | Luca Pfyffer | Switzerland | 2:16.76 |  |
| 10 | 3 | 7 | Luis Jasso | Mexico | 2:17.25 |  |
| 11 | 1 | 6 | Koki Tsunefuka | Japan | 2:17.28 |  |
| 12 | 3 | 2 | Kim Jae-youn | South Korea | 2:17.40 |  |
| 13 | 3 | 6 | Basten Caerts | Belgium | 2:17.64 |  |
| 14 | 2 | 5 | Jean Dencausse | France | 2:17.77 |  |
| 15 | 2 | 7 | Jacob Garrod | New Zealand | 2:18.00 |  |
| 16 | 3 | 8 | Josué Domínguez | Dominican Republic | 2:18.10 |  |
| 17 | 1 | 2 | Paulius Grigaliūnas | Lithuania | 2:18.32 |  |
| 18 | 3 | 1 | Andrei Roman | Romania | 2:18.72 |  |
| 19 | 1 | 7 | Huỳnh Thế Vĩ | Vietnam | 2:21.45 |  |
| 20 | 2 | 2 | Grayson Bell | Australia | 2:21.70 |  |
| 21 | 2 | 1 | Mohamed Fekiri | Tunisia | 2:22.37 |  |
| 22 | 2 | 8 | Arnoldo Herrera | Costa Rica | 2:27.46 |  |
| 23 | 1 | 1 | Sutton Choi | Hong Kong | 2:29.98 |  |

### Final

The final was held at 18:12.

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 6 | Ippei Watanabe | Japan | 2:11.31 |  |
|  | 4 | Carlos Claverie | Venezuela | 2:11.74 |  |
|  | 3 | Anton Chupkov | Russia | 2:11.87 |  |
| 4 | 5 | Maximilian Pilger | Germany | 2:11.97 |  |
| 5 | 2 | Dávid Horváth | Hungary | 2:12.39 |  |
| 6 | 8 | Jarred Crous | South Africa | 2:15.52 |  |
| 7 | 7 | Cai Bing-rong | Chinese Taipei | 2:16.89 |  |
| 8 | 1 | Andreas Mickosz | Brazil | 2:17.17 |  |

## InfoBox

| Boys' 200 metre breaststroke <br>at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics | |
| --- | --- |
| Venue | Nanjing Olympic Sports Centre |
| Dates | 20 August |
| Competitors | 23 from 22 nations |
| Winning time | 2:11.31 |
| Medalists | |
| Japan  Venezuela  Russia | |
|


abstract: The boys' 100 metre freestyle event in swimming at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics took place on 21–22 August at the Nanjing Olympic Sports Centre in Nanjing, China.

text:
# Swimming at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics – Boys' 100 metre freestyle

The **boys' 100 metre freestyle** event in swimming at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics took place on 21–22 August at the Nanjing Olympic Sports Centre in Nanjing, China.

## Results

### Heats

The heats were held at 10:12.

| Rank | Heat | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 4 | 3 | Matheus Santana | Brazil | 50.15 | Q |
| 1 | 5 | 4 | Yu Hexin | China | 50.15 | Q |
| 3 | 5 | 3 | Alessandro Bori | Italy | 50.35 | Q |
| 4 | 2 | 6 | Javier Acevedo | Canada | 50.40 | Q |
| 5 | 4 | 2 | Filipp Shopin | Russia | 50.44 | Q |
| 6 | 3 | 5 | Kyle Stolk | Netherlands | 50.52 | Q |
| 7 | 3 | 6 | Duncan Scott | Great Britain | 50.60 | Q |
| 8 | 4 | 4 | Jan Hołub | Poland | 50.61 | Q |
| 9 | 3 | 4 | Damian Wierling | Germany | 50.65 | Q |
| 10 | 4 | 7 | Povilas Strazdas | Lithuania | 50.69 | Q |
| 11 | 5 | 5 | Kyle Chalmers | Australia | 50.73 | Q |
| 12 | 3 | 3 | Nicolangelo Di Fabio | Italy | 50.83 | Q |
| 13 | 2 | 5 | Matthew Abeysinghe | Sri Lanka | 50.87 | Q, **NR** |
| 14 | 3 | 8 | Robert Glință | Romania | 50.98 | Q |
| 15 | 5 | 2 | Alexis Borisavljevic | Belgium | 51.38 | Q |
| 16 | 3 | 1 | Miles Munro | Great Britain | 51.40 | Q |
| 17 | 5 | 1 | Guido Buscaglia | Argentina | 51.48 |  |
| 18 | 5 | 7 | Jānis Šaltāns | Latvia | 51.57 |  |
| 19 | 4 | 1 | Lim Ching Hwang | Malaysia | 51.64 |  |
| 20 | 2 | 2 | Khader Baqlah | Jordan | 51.73 |  |
| 21 | 2 | 4 | Uroš Nikolić | Serbia | 51.75 |  |
| 22 | 5 | 6 | Juan Marín | Spain | 51.79 |  |
| 23 | 2 | 7 | Chad Idensohn | Zimbabwe | 51.93 |  |
| 24 | 5 | 8 | Isak Eliasson | Sweden | 51.96 |  |
| 25 | 3 | 7 | Marek Ulrich | Germany | 52.01 |  |
| 26 | 3 | 2 | Fotios Mylonas | Greece | 52.03 |  |
| 27 | 4 | 6 | Joshua Steyn | South Africa | 52.19 |  |
| 28 | 1 | 5 | Patrick Conaton | United States | 52.49 |  |
| 29 | 1 | 3 | Calum Bain | Ireland | 52.51 |  |
| 30 | 2 | 3 | Zuhayr Pigot | Suriname | 52.70 |  |
| 31 | 2 | 1 | Artyom Pukhnatiy | Uzbekistan | 52.78 |  |
| 32 | 2 | 8 | Vahan Mkhitaryan | Armenia | 53.20 |  |
| 33 | 1 | 4 | Raoul Stafrace | Malta | 53.45 |  |
| 34 | 1 | 6 | Jesse Washington | Bermuda | 53.89 |  |
| 35 | 1 | 2 | Noah Mascoll-Gomes | Antigua and Barbuda | 55.22 |  |
| 36 | 1 | 1 | Hannibal Gaskin | Guyana | 58.03 |  |
| 37 | 1 | 7 | Collin Akara | Papua New Guinea | 58.45 |  |
|  | 4 | 5 | Dylan Carter | Trinidad and Tobago | DNS |  |
| | 4 | 8 | Darren Fang Yue Lim | Singapore | DNS |  |

### Semifinals

The semifinals were held at 18:19.

| Rank | Heat | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 1 | 4 | Matheus Santana | Brazil | 49.30 | Q |
| 2 | 1 | 3 | Kyle Stolk | Netherlands | 49.78 | Q |
| 3 | 2 | 5 | Alessandro Bori | Italy | 49.91 | Q |
| 4 | 1 | 5 | Javier Acevedo | Canada | 50.15 | Q |
| 5 | 2 | 4 | Yu Hexin | China | 50.26 | Q |
| 6 | 2 | 6 | Duncan Scott | Great Britain | 50.33 | Q |
| 7 | 1 | 6 | Jan Hołub | Poland | 50.41 | Q |
| 8 | 2 | 2 | Damian Wierling | Germany | 50.42 | Q |
| 9 | 2 | 3 | Filipp Shopin | Russia | 50.58 |  |
| 10 | 1 | 7 | Nicolangelo Di Fabio | Italy | 50.64 |  |
| 11 | 1 | 2 | Povilas Strazdas | Lithuania | 50.66 |  |
| 11 | 1 | 1 | Robert Glință | Romania | 50.66 |  |
| 13 | 2 | 1 | Matthew Abeysinghe | Sri Lanka | 50.86 | **NR** |
| 14 | 1 | 8 | Miles Munro | Great Britain | 50.87 |  |
| 15 | 2 | 7 | Kyle Chalmers | Australia | 50.92 |  |
| 16 | 2 | 8 | Alexis Borisavljevic | Belgium | 51.54 |  |

### Final

The final was held at 18:20.

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 4 | Matheus Santana | Brazil | 48.25 | **WJR** |
|  | 2 | Yu Hexin | China | 49.06 |  |
|  | 8 | Damian Wierling | Germany | 49.07 |  |
| 4 | 3 | Alessandro Bori | Italy | 49.65 |  |
| 5 | 5 | Kyle Stolk | Netherlands | 49.83 |  |
| 6 | 7 | Duncan Scott | Great Britain | 49.96 |  |
| 7 | 1 | Jan Hołub | Poland | 50.01 |  |
| 8 | 6 | Javier Acevedo | Canada | 50.29 |  |

## InfoBox

| Boys' 100 metre freestyle
at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics | |
| --- | --- |
| Venue | Nanjing Olympic Sports Centre |
| Dates | 21 August (heats, semifinals)
22 August (final) |
| Competitors | 37 from 34 nations |
| Winning time | 48.25 |
| Medalists | |
| Brazil  China  Germany | |
|


abstract: The boys' 200 metre backstroke event in swimming at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics took place on 22 August at the Nanjing Olympic Sports Centre in Nanjing, China.

text:
# Swimming at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics – Boys' 200 metre backstroke

The **boys' 200 metre backstroke** event in swimming at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics took place on 22 August at the Nanjing Olympic Sports Centre in Nanjing, China.

## Results

### Heats

The heats were held at 10:00.

| Rank | Heat | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 4 | 4 | Evgeny Rylov | Russia | 2:00.74 | Q |
| 2 | 2 | 4 | Luke Greenbank | Great Britain | 2:00.83 | Q |
| 3 | 4 | 5 | Christopher Reid | South Africa | 2:00.93 | Q |
| 4 | 3 | 4 | Li Guangyuan | China | 2:01.00 | Q |
| 5 | 4 | 2 | Patrick Mulcare | United States | 2:01.79 | Q |
| 6 | 3 | 3 | Nic Groenewald | Australia | 2:01.82 | Q |
| 7 | 2 | 5 | Simone Sabbioni | Italy | 2:02.51 | Q |
| 8 | 4 | 6 | Matías López | Paraguay | 2:02.55 | Q |
| 9 | 4 | 1 | Žan Pogačar | Slovenia | 2:02.84 |  |
| 10 | 1 | 5 | Robert Glință | Romania | 2:03.11 |  |
| 11 | 2 | 3 | Patrick Conaton | United States | 2:03.92 |  |
| 12 | 3 | 8 | Armin Porobic | Norway | 2:04.29 |  |
| 13 | 3 | 5 | Apostolos Christou | Greece | 2:04.45 |  |
| 14 | 3 | 6 | Geoffroy Mathieu | France | 2:04.61 |  |
| 15 | 2 | 2 | Song Suk-gyu | South Korea | 2:05.08 |  |
| 16 | 2 | 1 | Trần Duy Khôi | Vietnam | 2:05.50 |  |
| 17 | 3 | 2 | Ricky Anggawidjaja | Indonesia | 2:05.72 |  |
| 18 | 1 | 4 | Lushano Lamprecht | Namibia | 2:05.80 |  |
| 19 | 4 | 3 | Vuk Čelić | Serbia | 2:05.99 |  |
| 20 | 1 | 7 | Berk Özkul | Turkey | 2:06.29 |  |
| 21 | 4 | 7 | Petter Fredriksson | Sweden | 2:06.48 |  |
| 22 | 2 | 8 | Raham Peiravani | Iran | 2:06.81 |  |
| 23 | 3 | 7 | Matthew Mac | Canada | 2:07.24 |  |
| 24 | 2 | 6 | Marek Ulrich | Germany | 2:07.45 |  |
| 25 | 4 | 8 | Kristinn Þórarinsson | Iceland | 2:07.53 |  |
| 26 | 2 | 7 | Vitor Guaraldo | Brazil | 2:08.89 |  |
| 27 | 3 | 1 | Yeziel Miranda | Puerto Rico | 2:08.92 |  |
| 28 | 1 | 3 | Lau Shiu Yue | Hong Kong | 2:10.70 |  |
| 29 | 1 | 2 | Lalalomena Andrianirina | Madagascar | 2:19.68 |  |
|  | 1 | 6 | Timothy Wynter | Jamaica | DNS |  |

### Final

The final was held at 18:04.

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 6 | Li Guangyuan | China | 1:56.94 | **WJR** |
|  | 4 | Evgeny Rylov | Russia | 1:57.08 |  |
|  | 5 | Luke Greenbank | Great Britain | 1:59.03 |  |
| 4 | 2 | Patrick Mulcare | United States | 1:59.65 |  |
| 5 | 3 | Christopher Reid | South Africa | 1:59.77 |  |
| 6 | 1 | Simone Sabbioni | Italy | 2:00.33 |  |
| 7 | 7 | Nic Groenewald | Australia | 2:01.18 |  |
| 8 | 8 | Matías López | Paraguay | 2:01.53 | **NR** |

## InfoBox

| Boys' 200 metre backstroke <br>at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics | |
| --- | --- |
| Venue | Nanjing Olympic Sports Centre |
| Dates | 22 August (heats & final) |
| Competitors | 29 from 28 nations |
| Winning time | 1:56.94 |
| Medalists | |
| China  Russia  Great Britain | |
|


abstract: The men's 100m freestyle S13 event at the 2012 Summer Paralympics took place at the London Aquatics Centre on 2 September. There were two heats; the swimmers with the eight fastest times advanced to the final.

text:
# Swimming at the 2012 Summer Paralympics – Men's 100 metre freestyle S13

The **men's 100m freestyle S13** event at the 2012 Summer Paralympics took place at the London Aquatics Centre on 2 September. There were two heats; the swimmers with the eight fastest times advanced to the final.

## Results

### Heats

Competed from 10:41.

#### Heat 1

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 4 | Charles Bouwer | South Africa | 53.28 | **Q, PR** |
| 2 | 6 | Aleksandr Golintovskii | Russia | 53.66 | **Q** |
| 3 | 3 | Danylo Chufarov | Ukraine | 54.05 | **Q** |
| 4 | 2 | Roman Dubovoy | Russia | 54.29 | **Q** |
| 5 | 5 | Oleksii Fedyna | Ukraine | 54.63 |  |
| 6 | 7 | Daniel Sharp | New Zealand | 55.88 |  |
| 7 | 1 | Devin Gotell | Canada | 57.75 |  |

#### Heat 2

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 3 | Ihar Boki | Belarus | 52.08 | **Q, WR** |
| 2 | 4 | Tim Antalfy | Australia | 53.37 | **Q** |
| 3 | 5 | Dzmitry Salei | Belarus | 53.78 | **Q** |
| 4 | 6 | Carlos Farrenberg | Brazil | 54.46 | **Q, AM** |
| 5 | 2 | Daniel Holt | New Zealand | 55.23 |  |
| 6 | 7 | Stepan Smagin | Russia | 55.42 |  |
| 7 | 1 | Sean Russo | Australia | 55.97 |  |
| 8 | 8 | Maksym Zavodnyy | Ukraine | 1:02.21 |  |

### Final

Competed at 18:34.

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 4 | Ihar Boki | Belarus | 51.91 | **WR** |
|  | 5 | Charles Bouwer | South Africa | 52.97 | **AF** |
|  | 6 | Aleksandr Golintovskii | Russia | 53.45 |  |
| 4 | 3 | Tim Antalfy | Australia | 53.63 |  |
| 5 | 7 | Danylo Chufarov | Ukraine | 53.64 |  |
| 6 | 2 | Dzmitry Salei | Belarus | 53.76 |  |
| 7 | 1 | Roman Dubovoy | Russia | 53.84 |  |
| 8 | 8 | Carlos Farrenberg | Brazil | 54.14 | **AM** |

**Q** = qualified for final. **WR** = World Record. **PR** = Paralympic Record. **AM** = Americas Record. **AF** = African Record.

Official London 2012 Paralympics Results: Heats Archived 2012-09-14 at the Wayback Machine
Official London 2012 Paralympics Results: Final Archived 2012-09-14 at the Wayback Machine

## InfoBox

| Men's 100m Freestyle S13<br>at the XIV Paralympic Games | |
| --- | --- |
| Venue | London Aquatics Centre |
| Dates | 2 September |
| Competitors | 15 from 8 nations |
| Winning time | 51.91 |
| Medalists | |
| Ihar Boki  Belarus  Charles Bouwer  South Africa  Aleksandr Golintovskii  Russia | |
|


title: Sveti Vid Dobrinjski

abstract: Sveti Vid Dobrinjski is a village on the Croatian island of Krk. Located just to the southeast of Dobrinj, it is also part of the municipality of Dobrinj. As of 2021, it had 64 inhabitants. There is a church in the village devoted to Saint Vitus.

text:
# Sveti Vid Dobrinjski

**Sveti Vid Dobrinjski** is a village on the Croatian island of Krk. Located just to the southeast of Dobrinj, it is also part of the municipality of Dobrinj. As of 2021, it had 64 inhabitants. There is a church in the village devoted to Saint Vitus.

## InfoBox

| Sveti Vid Dobrinjski | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| St. Vitus Church | |
| Sveti Vid DobrinjskiSveti Vid Dobrinjski | |
| Coordinates: 45°07′37″N 14°37′00″E / 45.12708°N 14.61665°E / 45.12708; 14.61665 | |
| Country | Croatia |
| County | Primorje-Gorski Kotar |
| Municipality | Dobrinj |
| Area | |
| Total | 1.5 km2 (0.6 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | |
| Total | 64 |
| Density | 43/km2 (110/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


abstract: The men's 100 metre butterfly event at the 2024 Summer Olympics was held from 2 to 3 August 2024 at the Paris Aquatics Centre.

text:
# Swimming at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Men's 100 metre butterfly

The **men's 100 metre butterfly** event at the 2024 Summer Olympics was held from 2 to 3 August 2024 at the Paris Aquatics Centre.

## Records

Prior to this competition, the existing world and Olympic records were as follows:

| **World record** | Caeleb Dressel (USA) | **49.45** | Tokyo, Japan | 31 July 2021 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Olympic record** | Caeleb Dressel (USA) | **49.45** | Tokyo, Japan | 31 July 2021 |

## Qualification

A National Olympic Committee (NOC) may enter a maximum of two qualified athletes in each individual event, but only if both of them have attained the Olympic Qualifying Time (OQT). One athlete per event can potentially enter if they meet the Olympic Consideration Time (OCT), or if the total quota of 852 athletes has not been targeted. NOCs may also permit swimmers regardless of time (one per gender) under a Universality place since they have no swimmers attaining either of the standard entry times (OQT/OCT).

Following the end of the qualification window, World Aquatics will assess the number of swimmers who have achieved the OQT, the number of relay-only swimmers, and the number of Universality places, before inviting those with OCT to fulfill the total quota of 852. Additionally, OCT places will be distributed by event according to the position of the World Aquatics Rankings during the qualifying deadline.

### Time standards

The qualifying time standards must be obtained at the 2023 and 2024 World Championships, continental championships, continental swimming meets, national championships and selection trials, and various international meets approved by World Aquatics in the period between 1 March 2023 and 23 June 2024.

The following table outlines the qualifying time standards for Paris 2024 for this event:

| Men's events | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Event | OQT\* | OCT^ |
| 100 m butterfly | 51.67 | 51.93 |

* OQTs correspond to the time achieved by a fourteenth-place swimmer in his or her respective preliminary heat of each event at the previous Games.

ª Because the fourteenth-place swimmer achieved a standard slower than the OQT in Tokyo 2020, the OQT used at the previous Games will remain constant.

^ OCTs are derived by adding 0.5% of the OQT standard.

## Competition format

The competition consists of three rounds: heats, semifinals, and a final. The swimmers with the best 16 times in the heats advance to the semifinals. The swimmers with the best 8 times in the semifinals advance to the final. Swim-offs are used as necessary to break ties for advancement to the next round.

## Schedule

All times are Central European Summer Time (UTC+2)

| Date | Time | Round |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2 August 2024 | 10:00 | Heats |
| | 20:00 | Semifinals |
| 3 August 2024 | 19:30 | **Final** |

## Results

### Heats

| Rank | Heat | Lane | Swimmer | Nation | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 3 | 5 | Kristof Milak | Hungary | 50.19 | Q |
| 2 | 5 | 4 | Josh Liendo | Canada | 50.55 | Q |
| 3 | 3 | 4 | Noe Ponti | Switzerland | 50.65 | Q |
| | 4 | 4 | Maxime Grousset | France | 50.65 | Q |
| 5 | 5 | 2 | Ilya Kharun | Canada | 50.71 | Q |
| 6 | 5 | 5 | Caeleb Dressel | United States | 50.83 | Q |
| 7 | 4 | 5 | Matthew Temple | Australia | 50.89 | Q |
| 8 | 5 | 3 | Nyls Korstanje | Netherlands | 51.17 | Q |
| 9 | 4 | 6 | Jakub Majerski | Poland | 51.18 | Q |
| 10 | 3 | 6 | Gal Cohen Groumi | Israel | 51.30 | Q |
| 11 | 5 | 1 | Ben Armbruster | Australia | 51.33 | Q |
| 12 | 5 | 6 | Katsuhiro Matsumoto | Japan | 51.43 | Q |
| 13 | 4 | 7 | Simon Bucher | Austria | 51.55 | Q |
| 14 | 3 | 3 | Hubert Kós | Hungary | 51.58 | Q |
| 15 | 4 | 1 | Naoki Mizunuma | Japan | 51.62 | Q |
| | 5 | 7 | Clement Secchi | France | 51.62 | Q |
| 17 | 3 | 8 | Josif Miladinov | Bulgaria | 51.77 |  |
| 18 | 4 | 3 | Thomas Heilman | United States | 51.82 |  |
| 19 | 2 | 6 | Sun Jiajun | China | 51.85 |  |
| 20 | 3 | 2 | Diogo Ribeiro | Portugal | 51.90 |  |
| 21 | 4 | 2 | Tomer Frankel | Israel | 51.94 |  |
| 22 | 4 | 8 | Kayky Mota | Brazil | 52.11 |  |
| 23 | 5 | 8 | James Guy | Great Britain | 52.23 |  |
| 24 | 2 | 5 | Chad le Clos | South Africa | 52.24 |  |
| 25 | 2 | 4 | Mario Mollà | Spain | 52.27 |  |
| 26 | 3 | 7 | Wang Changhao | China | 52.37 |  |
| 27 | 3 | 1 | Daniel Gracik | Czech Republic | 52.61 |  |
| 28 | 2 | 3 | Kaii Winkler | Germany | 52.64 |  |
| 29 | 2 | 7 | Adilbek Mussin | Kazakhstan | 52.74 |  |
| 30 | 1 | 2 | Nikola Miljenic | Croatia | 53.32 |  |
| 31 | 1 | 3 | Jesse Ssuubi Ssengonzi | Uganda | 53.76 |  |
| 32 | 2 | 1 | Cameron Gray | New Zealand | 53.83 |  |
| 33 | 1 | 5 | Joe Kurniawan | Indonesia | 53.95 |  |
| 34 | 1 | 4 | Milos Milenkovic | Montenegro | 54.26 |  |
| 35 | 2 | 2 | Matthew Sates | South Africa | 54.53 |  |
| 36 | 1 | 6 | Josh Kirlew | Jamaica | 54.66 |  |
| | 2 | 8 | Jarod Hatch | Philippines | 54.66 |  |
| 38 | 1 | 7 | Oscar Cyusa Peyre Mitilla | Rwanda | 58.77 |  |
| 39 | 1 | 1 | Hasan Ali Khaleel Al-Zinkee | Iraq | 1:00.23 |  |
| 40 | 1 | 8 | Yusuf Marwan Abdullah Nasser | Yemen | 1:08.72 |  |

### Semifinals

The swimmers with the best 8 times, regardless of semis, advanced to the final.

| Rank | Heat | Lane | Swimmer | Nation | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 2 | 4 | Kristof Milak | Hungary | 50.38 | Q |
| 2 | 1 | 5 | Maxime Grousset | France | 50.41 | Q |
| 3 | 1 | 4 | Josh Liendo | Canada | 50.42 | Q |
| 4 | 1 | 6 | Nyls Korstanje | Netherlands | 50.59 | Q, **NR** |
| 5 | 2 | 5 | Noe Ponti | Switzerland | 50.60 | Q |
| 6 | 2 | 3 | Ilya Kharun | Canada | 50.68 | Q |
| 7 | 2 | 6 | Matthew Temple | Australia | 50.95 | Q |
| 8 | 2 | 8 | Naoki Mizunuma | Japan | 51.08 | Q |
| 9 | 2 | 7 | Ben Armbruster | Australia | 51.17 |  |
| 10 | 2 | 1 | Simon Bucher | Austria | 51.35 |  |
| 11 | 2 | 2 | Jakub Majerski | Poland | 51.37 |  |
| 12 | 1 | 2 | Gal Cohen Groumi | Israel | 51.48 |  |
| 13 | 1 | 3 | Caeleb Dressel | United States | 51.57 |  |
| 14 | 1 | 8 | Clement Secchi | France | 51.58 |  |
| 15 | 1 | 7 | Katsuhiro Matsumoto | Japan | 51.69 |  |
| 16 | 1 | 1 | Hubert Kós | Hungary | 52.22 |  |

### Final

| Rank | Lane | Swimmer | Nation | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 4 | Kristof Milak | Hungary | 49.90 |  |
|  | 3 | Josh Liendo | Canada | 49.99 | **NR** |
|  | 7 | Ilya Kharun | Canada | 50.45 |  |
| 4 | 2 | Noe Ponti | Switzerland | 50.55 |  |
| 5 | 5 | Maxime Grousset | France | 50.75 |  |
| 6 | 6 | Nyls Korstanje | Netherlands | 50.83 |  |
| 7 | 1 | Matthew Temple | Australia | 51.10 |  |
| 8 | 8 | Naoki Mizunuma | Japan | 51.11 |  |

## InfoBox

| Men's 100 metre butterfly
at the Games of the XXXIII Olympiad | |
| --- | --- |
| Venue | Olympic Aquatics Centre,
Paris La Défense Arena |
| Dates | 2 August 2024
(Heats and Semis)
3 August 2024
(Final) |
| Competitors | 40 from 31 nations |
| Winning time | 49.90 |
| Medalists | |
| Kristóf Milák  Hungary  Joshua Liendo  Canada  Ilya Kharun  Canada | |
|


title: National Science Fiction Day

abstract: National Science Fiction Day is unofficially celebrated by many science fiction fans in the United States on January 2, which corresponds with the official birthdate of famed science fiction writer Isaac Asimov. While not a federally-recognized holiday, National Science Fiction Day is recognized by organizations such as the Hallmark Channel and by the Scholastic Corporation. It is also listed in the National Day Calendar.

text:
# National Science Fiction Day

**National Science Fiction Day** is unofficially celebrated by many science fiction fans in the United States on January 2, which corresponds with the official birthdate of famed science fiction writer Isaac Asimov.

While not a federally-recognized holiday, National Science Fiction Day is recognized by organizations such as the Hallmark Channel and by the Scholastic Corporation. It is also listed in the National Day Calendar.

## InfoBox

| National Science Fiction Day | |
| --- | --- |
| Date | 2 January |
| Next time | 2 January 2025 (2025-01-02) |
| Frequency | Annual |


abstract: Y-ME National Breast Cancer Organization or Y-ME, was a Chicago-based national nonprofit organization that provided resources, information, and support to those suffering from breast cancer. Their mission was to "ensure, through information, empowerment and peer support, that no one faces breast cancer alone." Y-ME National Breast Cancer Organization did not fund research but did advocate for research. The organization closed in 2012, but until May of 2020, their website continued to publish various articles relating to breast cancer. Y-ME National Breast Cancer Organization's headquarters was in Chicago, but it had support groups throughout the United States, which provided peer support, educational programs, and coordinated advocacy efforts. Y-ME's main program was the Y-ME Hotline, the only multilingual 24-hour breast cancer hotline in the country, staffed entirely by trained peer counselors who are breast cancer survivors.

text:
# Y-ME National Breast Cancer Organization

**Y-ME National Breast Cancer Organization** or **Y-ME** (previously **Breast Cancer Network of Strength**), was a Chicago-based national nonprofit organization that provided resources, information, and support to those suffering from breast cancer. Their mission was to "ensure, through information, empowerment and peer support, that no one faces breast cancer alone." Y-ME National Breast Cancer Organization did not fund research but did advocate for research. The organization closed in 2012, but until May of 2020, their website continued to publish various articles relating to breast cancer.

Y-ME National Breast Cancer Organization's headquarters was in Chicago, but it had support groups throughout the United States, which provided peer support, educational programs, and coordinated advocacy efforts.

Y-ME's main program was the Y-ME Hotline, the only multilingual 24-hour breast cancer hotline in the country, staffed entirely by trained peer counselors who are breast cancer survivors.

## History

Y-ME was founded in 1978 by breast cancer patients Ann Marcou (19322004) and Mimi Kaplan (d. 1983), and began as a hotline operated out of Marcou's Chicago-area home and a support group that met at a local YWCA. The organization was originally named YWCA and Me after its association with the local YWCA and the name was later shortened to Y-ME. Y-ME became a national organization that helped breast cancer patients receive support, access information and make informed decisions about their healthcare. Its hotline was notable for being the only multilingual, round-the-clock support service available in the US and received approximately 40 000 calls per year.

In 1992, Margaret Harte founded Y-ME's annual Mother's Day Race Against Breast Cancer which supported breast cancer survivors and raised money each year to support the organization.

Y-ME changed its name to Breast Cancer Network of Strength in 2008 to "better communicate \[their\] mission," which was "to ensure through information, empowerment and peer support, that no one faces breast cancer alone." It reverted to its former name in 2011 after CEO Cindy Geoghegan was hired.

Y-ME closed its doors on July 12, 2012, and filed for Chapter 7 bankruptcy on July 17, 2012. One former employee said that the organization had mismanaged real estate leases while a former board member said that the organization closed due to the economic downturn, low Mother's Day Race receipts, and other short-term debt. Another former board member said that the organization had shut down because there had been "\[a\] serious cash flow problem stemming from an unexpected cash flow crisis and low revenues from our major fundraisers put the organization in financial instability."

Until May 10th, 2020, Y-ME.org continued to publish articles relating to breast cancer and other health or lifestyle-related subjects. As of 2022, their website is still accessible despite the organization's inactivity.

## Programs

Y-ME offered a number of programs that provided support and education for both the people diagnosed with breast cancer and their loved ones. These programs included the multilingual 24-hour hotline, the organization's website, as well as newsletters, brochures, and other articles. Y-ME also offered monthly support groups at affiliate locations and matched peer support for those diagnosed with breast cancer and their partners. In its effort to focus on women who did not have many financial resources, the organization offered free mammograms, wigs, and prosthetics to them.

Y-ME National Breast Cancer Organization Advocacy program worked to increase breast cancer research funding, support breast cancer related clinical studies and ensure quality health care for all.

## Events

In 1991, Margaret Harte, a two-time breast cancer survivor, launched the Y-ME Race in Chicago (formerly known as the Walk to Empower) to serve as a symbol of hope, inspiration and support, and to provide an opportunity for individuals to make a difference in the fight against breast cancer. Since its inception, the Y-ME Race became a Mother's Day tradition and the largest cause-related event in Chicago. Eighty percent of each dollar raised benefited programs and services offered free of charge to those seeking information and support when facing breast cancer.


title: Twist and Shout (Deacon Blue song)

abstract: "Twist and Shout" is the second single from the album Fellow Hoodlums by Scottish rock band Deacon Blue. The song reached No. 10 in the UK Singles Chart in August 1991 and No. 13 on the Irish Singles Chart

text:
# Twist and Shout (Deacon Blue song)

"**Twist and Shout**" is the second single from the album *Fellow Hoodlums* by Scottish rock band Deacon Blue. The song reached No. 10 in the UK Singles Chart in August 1991 and No. 13 on the Irish Singles Chart

## Title and release

"Twist and Shout" is not the same song originally performed by the Top Notes. The 12-inch single of Deacon Blue's release contains a live cover of the Beatles' "I'm Down". The single's primary B-side is the song "Good". Some versions of the single include an additional B-side entitled "Golden Bells".

## Track listings

All songs written by Ricky Ross, except where noted:

**7-inch and cassette single (657302 7; 657302 4)**

1. "Twist and Shout"
2. "Good"

**12-inch single (657302 6)**

1. "Twist and Shout" (extended version)
2. "Good"
3. "Twist and Shout"
4. "I'm Down" (live) (Lennon, McCartney)

**CD single (657302 2)**

1. "Twist and Shout"
2. "Good"
3. "Golden Bells"

## InfoBox

| "Twist and Shout" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Deacon Blue | |
| from the album  *Fellow Hoodlums* | |
| B-side | * "Good" * "Golden Bells" * "I'm Down" |
| Released | 15 July 1991 (1991-07-15) |
| Length | 3:32 |
| Label | Columbia |
| Songwriter(s) | Ricky Ross |
| Producer(s) | Jon Kelly |
| Deacon Blue singles chronology | |
| "Your Swaying Arms"
(1990) "**Twist and Shout**"
(1991) "Closing Time"
(1991) | |


title: Winton Manor

abstract: The Winton Manor is a high-rise former grand hotel that has been converted to a senior living apartment building on Prospect Avenue in the Playhouse Square district of downtown Cleveland. The building was opened in 1916 as the Hotel Winton.

text:
# Winton Manor

The **Winton Manor** is a high-rise former grand hotel that has been converted to a senior living apartment building on Prospect Avenue in the Playhouse Square district of downtown Cleveland. The building was opened in 1916 as the Hotel Winton.

## The Design

The Winton was designed by Nelson Max Dunning of Chicago.

## Closing and reopening

In 1931, the name was changed to the Carter Hotel and operated until the 1960s, having to close after a major fire. The building is now a low-income housing property for senior citizens. This is partly due to its placement next to a major public transportation route.

41°29′55.9″N 81°41′01.8″W / 41.498861°N 81.683833°W / 41.498861; -81.683833

## InfoBox

| Winton Manor | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Former names | Hotel Winton, The Carter Hotel, Carter Manor |
| General information | |
| Type | Residential |
| Location | 1012 Prospect Avenue Cleveland, Ohio 44115 United States |
| Construction started | 1915 |
| Completed | 1916 |
| Height | |
| Roof | 45.41 m (149 ft) |
| Technical details | |
| Floor count | 11 |
| Design and construction | |
| Architect(s) | Nelson Max Dunning |


title: Wisdom of repugnance

abstract: The wisdom of repugnance or appeal to disgust, also known informally as the yuck factor, is the belief that an intuitive negative response to some thing, idea, or practice should be interpreted as evidence for the intrinsically harmful or evil character of that thing. Furthermore, it refers to the notion that wisdom may manifest itself in feelings of disgust towards anything which lacks goodness or wisdom, though the feelings or the reasoning of such 'wisdom' may not be immediately explicable through reason.

text:
# Wisdom of repugnance

The **wisdom of repugnance** or **appeal to disgust**, also known informally as the **yuck factor**, is the belief that an intuitive (or "deep-seated") negative response to some thing, idea, or practice should be interpreted as evidence for the intrinsically harmful or evil character of that thing. Furthermore, it refers to the notion that wisdom may manifest itself in feelings of disgust towards anything which lacks goodness or wisdom, though the feelings or the reasoning of such 'wisdom' may not be immediately explicable through reason.

## Origin and usage

> "Revulsion is not an argument; and some of yesterday’s abhorrences are today calmly accepted—not always for the better. In some crucial cases, however, repugnance is the emotional expression of deep wisdom, beyond reason’s power completely to articulate it. \[...\] \[W\]e intuit and we feel, immediately and without argument, the violation of things that we rightfully hold dear. \[...\] \[R\]evulsion may be the only voice left that speaks up to defend the central core of our humanity. Shallow are the souls that have forgotten how to shudder."

Leon Kass

The term "wisdom of repugnance" was coined in 1997 by Leon Kass, chairman (2001–2005) of the President's Council on Bioethics, in an article in *The New Republic*, which was later expanded into a further (2001) article in the same magazine, and also incorporated into his 2002 book *Life, Liberty, and the Defense of Dignity*.

The term originated in discussions of bioethics. It is often used by those who accept its underlying premise; i.e., that repugnance does, in fact, indicate wisdom. It is thus often viewed as loaded language, and is primarily used by certain bioconservatives to justify their position.

The concept is also used in the study of controversies such as same-sex marriage, pornography, marijuana legalization, alternative sexualities and legalization of abortion. In all cases, it expresses the view that one's "gut reaction" might justify objecting to some practice even in the absence of a persuasive rational (e.g., utilitarian) case against that practice.

## Reactions and criticism

The wisdom of repugnance has been criticized, both as an example of a fallacious appeal to emotion and for an underlying premise which seems to reject rationalism. Although mainstream science concedes that a sense of disgust most likely evolved as a useful defense mechanism (e.g. in that it tends to prevent or prohibit potentially harmful behaviour such as inbreeding, cannibalism, and coprophagia), social psychologists question whether the instinct can serve any moral or logical value when removed from the context in which it was originally acquired.

Martha Nussbaum explicitly opposes the concept of a disgust-based morality as an appropriate guide for law and policy, instead siding with John Stuart Mill's harm principle as the proper basis for limiting individual liberties, which supports the legal ideas of consent, the age of majority, privacy, and bestows equal rights unto citizens. Nussbaum argues that the "politics of disgust" is merely an unreliable emotional reaction which has been used throughout history as a justification for persecutionracism, antisemitism, sexism, and homophobia have all been driven by popular repulsion. In an interview with *Reason* magazine, she elaborated:

> Disgust and shame are inherently hierarchical; they set up ranks and orders of human beings. They are also inherently connected with restrictions on liberty in areas of non-harmful conduct. For both of these reasons, I believe, anyone who cherishes the key democratic values of equality and liberty should be deeply suspicious of the appeal to those emotions in the context of law and public policy.

Stephen Jay Gould has remarked that "our prejudices often overwhelm our limited information. \[They\] are so venerable, so reflexive, so much a part of our second nature, that we never stop to recognize their status as social decisions with radical alternativesand we view them instead as given and obvious truths."

British bioethicist John Harris replied to Kass's view by arguing that, "there is no necessary connection between phenomena, attitudes, or actions that make us uneasy, or even those that disgust us, and those phenomena, attitudes, and actions that there are good reasons for judging unethical. Nor does it follow that those things we are confident are unethical must be prohibited by legislation or regulation."

The word *squick* was created within BDSM subculture in reaction to this sort of reasoning, and denotes a "gut reaction" of disgust without the implication of any sort of actual moral judgment.

In *The Righteous Mind: Why Good People Are Divided by Politics and Religion*, psychologist Jonathan Haidt cites Kass' argument as typifying concerns of moral degradation, which he contrasts with "moral elevation." Haidt, drawing from Emile Durkheim, argues that humans' ability to unite around sacred beliefs and objects and experience moral elevation—even in the absence of immediate utilitarian benefits—is an essential component of human civilizations which facilitates in-group cooperation and social belongingness. Without "binding" moral and sacred values, individuals tend to draw inward and exhibit fewer prosocial behaviours. Consequently, citing research by Robert Putnam, Haidt argues that moral disgust and taboos may be justified in certain, culturally-specific cases wherein they can promote Social capital without significantly negatively impacting the rights of many individuals, citing incest (even with no risk of procreation), bestiality and the Armin Meiwes cannibalism case as examples:

> \[In\] Lawrence v. Texas, \[Justice Antonin Scalia's\] dissent was that: 'If we allow homosexuality, what's next? Incest, bestiality...' To which I would say: since 5% of people are gay, that's *a lot* of people, and we really should try to \[overcome the disgust\]. The number of people who can't live a full and decent life unless they have sex with a sheep? Now, that's not very many people... If \[repugnance\] does some good to have a sense that there are still some morals we share, and there are few people out there who can't be happy, I'm willing to let them be unhappy.

## General references


title: Winston Halapua

abstract: Winston Halapua is a Tongan-born Fijian retired Anglican bishop and academic. Consecrated a bishop on 10 April 2005, he served as suffragan/assistant bishop of the Diocese of Polynesia, for Polynesians in mainland New Zealand until 2010, when he became diocesan bishop of that Diocese. In becoming Bishop of Polynesia, he automatically became Senior Bishop of Tikanga Pasefika and therefore Archbishop of New Zealand & Primate of the Anglican Church in Aotearoa, New Zealand and Polynesia. On his retirement in August 2018, he was granted the honorary title "archbishop emeritus".

text:
# Winston Halapua

**Winston Halapua** (born 1945) is a Tongan-born Fijian retired Anglican bishop and academic.

Consecrated a bishop on 10 April 2005, he served as suffragan/assistant bishop of the Diocese of Polynesia, for Polynesians in mainland New Zealand until 2010, when he became diocesan bishop of that Diocese. In becoming Bishop of Polynesia, he automatically became Senior Bishop of Tikanga Pasefika and therefore Archbishop of New Zealand & Primate of the Anglican Church in Aotearoa, New Zealand and Polynesia (one of three co-equal incumbents). On his retirement in August 2018, he was granted the honorary title "archbishop emeritus".

## Selected works

* Halapua, Winston (2001). *Living on the fringe: Melanesians in Fiji*. Suva: Institute of Pacific Studies. ISBN 978-9820203150.
* Halapua, Winston (2003). *Tradition, Lotu & Militarism in Fiji*. Fiji: Institute of Applied Studies. ISBN 978-9823010212.
* Halapua, Winston (2008). *Waves of God's embrace: sacred perspectives from the ocean*. London: Canterbury Press. ISBN 978-1853119224.
* Halapua, Winston (2010). *The role of militarism in the politics of Fiji*. Saarbrucken, Germany: VDM Verlag Dr. Müller. ISBN 978-3639280647.


title: Winston Hall

abstract: Winston Hall, also known as Constitution House, is a grade II* listed building in Constitution Walk, off Bell Lane, in the city of Gloucester, England. It was built in 1750 as a townhouse for Richard Chandler, a wealthy wool-stapler, and remained in the Chandler family until 1876 when it became a school for young ladies. In 1883, it became the clubhouse for the Gloucester branch of the Conservative Party and is now a private member's club known as the Constitution Club.

text:
# Winston Hall

**Winston Hall**, also known as **Constitution House**, is a grade II\* listed building in Constitution Walk, off Bell Lane, in the city of Gloucester, England.

It was built in 1750 as a townhouse for Richard Chandler, a wealthy wool-stapler, and remained in the Chandler family until 1876 when it became a school for young ladies. In 1883, it became the clubhouse for the Gloucester branch of the Conservative Party and is now a private member's club known as the Constitution Club.

Media related to Winston Hall at Wikimedia Commons

51°51′49″N 2°14′41″W / 51.86370°N 2.24478°W / 51.86370; -2.24478


title: Witches' Well, Edinburgh

abstract: The Witches' Well is a monument to accused witches burned at the stake in Edinburgh, Scotland, and is the only one of its kind in the city. The memorial drinking fountain is attached to a wall at the lower end of the Castle Esplanade, below Edinburgh Castle, and located close to where many witches were burned at the stake. During the high point of witch hunting in the early modern period, 32% of accused witches came from the Lothian area.

text:
# Witches' Well, Edinburgh

The **Witches' Well** is a monument to accused witches burned at the stake in Edinburgh, Scotland, and is the only one of its kind in the city.

The memorial drinking fountain is attached to a wall at the lower end of the Castle Esplanade, below Edinburgh Castle, and located close to where many witches were burned at the stake. During the high point of witch hunting in the early modern period, 32% of accused witches came from the Lothian area.

## Design and history

The well was commissioned by Sir Patrick Geddes in 1894, and designed by Geddes' friend John Duncan. The bronze relief features a foxglove plant, a snake curled around the heads of Hygeia, the Greek goddess of good health, and her father Aesculapius, god of medicine. Other parts of the well feature trees, healing hands, and the evil eye. The water spout, now dry, is located beneath the snake's head. In the top left and bottom right are the Roman numerals for the years 1479 and 1722 respectively, the time period during which most witches were persecuted in Scotland. The model for the Well is held by the City Art Centre in Edinburgh.

The building upon which it is affixed (now containing the Tartan Weaving Mill) was built in 1851, for the Castlehill Reservoir. The 1851 building replaced its 17th-century predecessor, constructed when act of parliament in 1624 enabled the bringing of fresh water into the city from the nearby Pentland Hills. In 1674 the reservoir was connected to 12 wells around the city, eventually closing in 1992, and converted into the Tartan Mill in 1996.

There have been repeated calls for a newer, permanent memorial to those accused as witches. In 2016, Edinburgh World Heritage called for a new memorial for Edinburgh, and in 2017, Dr Julian Goodare of the University of Edinburgh and Professor Lynn Abrams of the University of Glasgow called for a new memorial for Scotland. In 2019 those calls were repeated by Dr Goodare and Louise Yeomans, as directors of the Survey of Scottish Witchcraft.

## Plaque and inscription

The plaque above the fountain was mounted on the wall in 1912. The inscription reads:

> This fountain, designed by John Duncan, R.S.A. is near the site on which many witches were burned at the stake. The wicked head and serene head signify that some used their exceptional knowledge for evil purposes while others were misunderstood and wished their kind nothing but good. The serpent has the dual significance of evil and wisdom. The foxglove spray further emphasises the dual purpose of many common objects.

The inscription has been criticised for historical inaccuracy, in the assumption that those killed had magical powers.

55°56′56″N 3°11′47″W / 55.94890°N 3.19643°W / 55.94890; -3.19643

## InfoBox

Witches' Well
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | Castle Esplanade, Edinburgh, Scotland |
| Designer | John Duncan (painter) |
| Dedicated to | Witches burned at the stake nearby during the period 1479–1722 |


title: Witches' stones

abstract: Witches' stones are flat stones jutting from chimneys in the islands of Jersey and Guernsey. According to folklore in the Channel Islands, these small ledges were used by witches to rest on as they fly to their sabbats. Householders would provide these platforms to appease witches and avoid their ill favour. Traditional vernacular architecture in Jersey is in granite and such witches' stones can be seen protruding from many older houses. The real origin of this architectural feature is to protect thatched roofs from seeping water running down the sides of the chimney stack. Thatched roofs being thicker than tiled roofs, the jutting stones would sit snugly on the thatch – as can be seen on the few remaining thatched roofs in Jersey. When thatch began to be generally replaced by pantiles in the 18th century, and later by slates, the witches' stones were left protruding prominently from the chimney stack. This either gave rise to the belief in witches' resting places, or reinforced an existing belief. Fear of witches was widespread in country areas well into the 20th century in Jersey. The force of tradition can be seen in a number of newly constructed houses in vernacular style that sport witches' stones despite never having had a thatched roof.

text:
# Witches' stones

**Witches' stones** (in Jèrriais: *pièrres dé chorchièrs*) are flat stones jutting from chimneys in the islands of Jersey and Guernsey.

According to folklore in the Channel Islands, these small ledges were used by witches to rest on as they fly to their sabbats. Householders would provide these platforms to appease witches and avoid their ill favour.

Traditional vernacular architecture in Jersey is in granite and such witches' stones can be seen protruding from many older houses. The real origin of this architectural feature is to protect thatched roofs from seeping water running down the sides of the chimney stack. Thatched roofs being thicker than tiled roofs, the jutting stones would sit snugly on the thatch – as can be seen on the few remaining thatched roofs in Jersey. When thatch began to be generally replaced by pantiles in the 18th century, and later by slates, the witches' stones were left protruding prominently from the chimney stack. This either gave rise to the belief in witches' resting places, or reinforced an existing belief. Fear of witches was widespread in country areas well into the 20th century in Jersey.

The force of tradition can be seen in a number of newly constructed houses in vernacular style that sport witches' stones despite never having had a thatched roof.

## In England

Although not common in England, witch stones or witch seats can be found in the villages of Feizor, near Settle, and at Wharfe both in North Yorkshire.

1. "Guernsey Folklore - Witches Seats". 12 July 2013.
2. Cullingford, Benita (2001). *British Chimney Sweeps: Five Centuries of Chimney Sweeping*. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 185. ISBN 1566633451. Retrieved 21 November 2017.


title: Winter in Vail

abstract: Winter in Vail is a 2020 American made-for-television romance film directed by Terry Ingram, starring Lacey Chabert and Tyler Hynes. The film is a Hallmark Channel original movie, first in Hallmark's 2020 Winterfest film series, preceding Love in Winterland, Love on Iceland, Amazing Winter Romance, and Hearts of Winter. It premiered on January 4, 2020.

text:
# Winter in Vail

***Winter in Vail*** is a 2020 American made-for-television romance film directed by Terry Ingram, starring Lacey Chabert and Tyler Hynes.

The film is a Hallmark Channel original movie, first in Hallmark's 2020 Winterfest film series, preceding *Love in Winterland*, *Love on Iceland*, *Amazing Winter Romance*, and *Hearts of Winter*. It premiered on January 4, 2020.

## Plot

Chelsea Whitmore (Lacey Chabert) is a Los Angeles-based event planner who, after missing out yet again on an anticipated Vice President promotion, decides to quit her job and move to Vail, Colorado. Here, she recently inherited the chalet of her late uncle Grady, who until his death was a well-respected pastry chef famous for his apple strudel recipe. Chelsea was once very close with him, but lost contact after her career took off. She decides to stay in town temporarily while finding her next career step.

Chelsea soon finds out that the chalet needs urgent repair and hires the local contractor Owen Becker (Tyler Hynes) to help her. While he is busy remodeling the house, she gradually falls in love with the beauty of the small town; a historic alpine village that is celebrated by visitors for its Bavarian heritage. She becomes friends with Karl Becker (Grew Lawson), Owen’s father and the owner of a Bavarian restaurant. Back in the day, the restaurant was frequently visited due to Grady’s apple strudel on the menu. After his death, Karl no longer can offer customers the signature dish, and now struggles to compete against new restaurant chains run by non-locals and celebrity chefs.

While repairing the house, Chelsea grows closer to Owen, and learns that he once had a promising architecture career ahead of him, but ultimately decided to stay in the small town to help his father’s business. He takes her exploring in the many scenic spots of town, and teaches her the importance of small-town values. One day, she finds the recipe of her uncle’s apple strudel and is successful in recreating the signature dish. Now that the apple strudel can be offered in the restaurant again, she decided to create buzz by organizing the so-called Strudelfest.

Karl and Owen are impressed by her event planning skills, and the organization runs smoothly. However, one day her former colleague Vienna North (Marla Renae) suddenly shows up on her doorstep to, on behalf of her boss Trish Simmons (Constance Marie), offer her the Vice President position. Even though by now she is well-integrated within Vail with her next event planning gig in town already lined up, she accepts the offer, reasoning that this offer is what she worked towards for years. Back in Los Angeles, however, she soon realizes how much she misses both Vail and Owen and ultimately returns to Vail, where she finally becomes romantically involved with Owen.

## Cast

* Lacey Chabert as Chelsea Whitmore
* Tyler Hynes as Owen Becker
* Marla Renae as Vienna North
* Greg Lawson as Karl Becker
* Constance Marie as Trish Simmons
* Karen Barker as Bev Hankins
* Sage Kitchen as Molly
* Chris W. Cook as Rob
* Liana Shannon as Chef Laura
* Chantelle Han as Chef Frankie

## Production

The film was shot between mid-November and early December 2019. Even though a few scenes were shot on location in Vail, Colorado, the majority of filming took place in the Canadian province Alberta, with shooting locations including Calgary, Banff National Park, Bragg Creek, Mt Norquay, and Priddis.

## InfoBox

| *Winter in Vail* | |
| --- | --- |
| Poster | |
| Genre | Romance |
| Written by | Delondra Mesa
Duane Poole |
| Directed by | Terry Ingram |
| Starring | Lacey Chabert
Tyler Hynes |
| Music by | Mikel Hurwitz |
| Country of origin | United States |
| Original language | English language |
| Production | |
| Producers | Kyle Cooper
Scott J. Jones
Jason Wan Lim |
| Production locations | Alberta
Vail, Colorado |
| Cinematography | Neil Cervin |
| Editor | Ana Florit |
| Running time | 83 minutes |
| Original release | |
| Network | Hallmark Channel |
| Release | January 4, 2020 (2020-01-04) |


title: Wirtgen Group

abstract: Wirtgen Group is an internationally operating German company in the construction industry. The company's core business is the development and production of machinery for road construction and maintenance. Wirtgen Group employs around * people around the world and its annual turnover is around €3 billion. It also has local manufacturing plants in Brazil, China, and India, 55 distribution and service offices and over 150 authorized dealers around the globe.

text:
# Wirtgen Group

**Wirtgen Group** is an internationally operating German company in the construction industry. The company's core business is the development and production of machinery for road construction and maintenance.

Wirtgen Group employs around * people around the world and its annual turnover is around €3 billion. It also has local manufacturing plants in Brazil, China, and India, 55 distribution and service offices and over 150 authorized dealers around the globe.

## History

In November 1961 Reinhard Wirtgen founded a small contracting business in Windhagen, Germany, starting with small haulage jobs and later specializing in road construction machinery with concrete breakers. Eventually Wirtgen expanded his fleet to 100 milling machines and 150 workers operating all over Germany. Reinhard Wirtgen progressed the product portfolio from hot milling to cold milling machines by the end of the 70s, which significantly increased the economic efficiency of the milling process. The international development of the company began when Reinhard Wirtgen set up the first subsidiaries outside Germany.

Reinhard Wirtgen systematically expanded his product portfolio at the production plant to four product divisions. In 1981, Wirtgen built the first surface miners for opencast mining and routing operations in hard rock. From 1987 onwards, Wirtgen introduced cold recycling as an economical method of road rehabilitation. Two years later, he incorporated the slipform paver division into his company to offer solutions for the construction of concrete roads and poured-in-place concrete profiles.

Jürgen and Stefan Wirtgen took over the management of the company in 1997. The expansion of the corporate group began with the integration of the road paver manufacturer Vögele. Hamm, a roller manufacturer, was integrated into Wirtgen Group in 1999. High investments in the three production plants resulted in the expansion of production capacities and efficiency, as well as a strong presence for the corporate group on a global scale.

In 2006 Wirtgen Group consolidated into two business lines: "Road Technologies" and "Mineral Technologies". The second line was established with the incorporation of Kleemann, a German manufacturer of mobile and stationary processing plants.

In 2014, the manufacturer of asphalt mixing plants Benninghoven was also integrated into the company.

In 2017, Wirtgen Group entered into a definitive agreement with John Deere to be purchased for $5.2 Billion.

## Product brands

### Wirtgen GmbH

Wirtgen GmbH is located in Windhagen in Rheinland-Pfalz, and it is the youngest and largest subcompany of the corporation. Wirtgen GmbH produces road milling machines and cold recyclers, as well as Surface miners for open cast mining operations.

### Joseph Vögele AG

Joseph Vögele AG is based in Ludwigshafen am Rhein in Rheinland-Pfalz. The company is the world market leader for asphalt pavers and belongs to Wirtgen Group since 1996.

### Hamm AG

HAMM AG, founded in Tirschenreuth in Bayern, is specialized in compaction technology. It is part of Wirtgen Group since 2000 and it manufactures road and soil compactors.

### Kleemann GmbH

Located in Göppingen in Baden-Württemberg, KLEEMANN GmbH manufactures crushing and screening plants. It is part of Wirtgen Group since 2006.

### Benninghoven GmbH & Co. KG

BENNINGHOVEN GmbH & Co. KG, located in Wittlich in Rheinland-Pfalz, is one of the largest recycling and asphalt mixing plant manufacturer in Germany. The company belongs to Wirtgen Group since 2014.

## Local production sites

### Ciber

Ciber Equipamentos Rodoviários is Wirtgen Group's local production facility for Latin America and completes the comprehensive product range with its own brand. The brand headquarter is located in the southern state of Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil, in the city of Porto Alegre. Ciber manufactures hot mix asphalt plants and pavers on five production lines. It also produces a model from the Wirtgen cold milling machine line and a Hamm roller, each of which are adapted to the requirements of the local market.

### Wirtgen China

The local production facility for China is established in Langfang, near Beijing. The production range includes selected models of WIRTGEN cold milling machines, VÖGELE road pavers and HAMM rollers. Around 380 employees work in an area of 200.000 m2.

### Wirtgen India

The new head office of Wirtgen India is located in the vicinity of Pune, an industrial center in the northwest of India. 672 employees work in the 129,100m² production area, production of Hamm of two models single-drum \<model 311\> and multi-drum \<model HD99\> compactors, Kleemanscreens and Vogele pavers


title: Wola Stryjewska

abstract: Wola Stryjewska is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łask, within Łask County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) north-west of Łask and 32 km (20 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

text:
# Wola Stryjewska

**Wola Stryjewska** \[ˈvɔla strɨˈjɛfska\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Łask, within Łask County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) north-west of Łask and 32 km (20 mi) south-west of the regional capital Łódź.

## InfoBox

| Wola Stryjewska | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Wola Stryjewska | |
| Coordinates: 51°37′29″N 19°5′45″E / 51.62472°N 19.09583°E / 51.62472; 19.09583 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Łódź |
| County | Łask |
| Gmina | Łask |


title: Women in England

abstract: Women in England are women who live in or are from England.

text:
# Women in England

**Women in England** are women who live in or are from England.

## History

The Women's Liberation Movement (WLM) began as recently as the early 1960s. It began with the introduction of birth control pills. It was only provided to women who were wedded under the law to seek out contraceptive pills. Three years after the proposal, women were given the rights to inherit property. Within that same decade, women were granted the rights to have abortions under the Abortion Act. This was deemed legal as long as the pregnancy did not pass the 24th week mark.

In 1970, the call to conference of the Women's Liberation Movement was held to raise awareness. The four main concerns addressed were equal pay between genders, providing fair education and job opportunities for women, coverage of abortion and contraception, and availability of 24-hour nurseries – free of charge.

From there on, a chain reaction of reformation within the United Kingdom emerged. Rape Crisis centers were created, Women's Aid was formed, the Sex Discrimination Act was signed, domestic violence was called out, and conferences were held more than ever to protect women. These movements were the stepping-stone used to scaffold the modern day era of England's feminine culture.

## Education

The School Workforce found that females are leading in the education field. Women make up most of the faculty within a classroom and as headteachers. Women's are more likely to go to university and to obtain a bachelor or post graduate degree than men.

## Religion

Traditionally, the Anglican priesthood was reserved for men. In 2014, the Church of England appointed the first woman bishop, Libby Lane.

## Further reading


title: Women in Docs

abstract: Women in Docs are an Australian independent folk pop music duo consisting of Chanel Lucas on lead vocals, guitar and bass guitar; and Roz Pappalardo on lead vocals, guitar and harmonica. They formed in Townsville, Queensland in 1998 as Roz and Chanel but soon changed their name and have released three studio albums, Under a Different Sky (2001), Red Wine and Postcards (2006) and Carousel (2013). The group have toured throughout Australia, New Zealand, United States, Europe, and Asia. Pappalardo has also released a solo album.

text:
# Women in Docs

**Women in Docs** are an Australian independent folk pop music duo consisting of Chanel Lucas on lead vocals, guitar and bass guitar; and Roz Pappalardo on lead vocals, guitar and harmonica. They formed in Townsville, Queensland in 1998 as **Roz and Chanel** but soon changed their name and have released three studio albums, *Under a Different Sky* (2001), *Red Wine and Postcards* (2006) and *Carousel* (2013). The group have toured throughout Australia, New Zealand, United States, Europe, and Asia. Pappalardo has also released a solo album.

## History

### 1998-2005: Formation and *Under a Different Sky*

Chanel Lucas and Roz Pappalardo had performed together since they were students at James Cook University, Townsville Campus. With friends they formed rock and roll covers bands 'Viridian' and later 'Sandwich Bar', and worked in North Queensland from offshore islands to inland mining camps.

After years apart the two reunited to write their own material and "create music based around our harmonies because that was the one thing that people really enjoyed about our performances in the band". Lucas had seen a folk group, Tiddas, performing "Inside My Kitchen" on TV music video program, *rage*, "\[i\]t was a revelation for me to see three women singing harmonies, playing acoustic guitar and telling their stories through song. Right then and there I decided that I wanted to play acoustic guitar, focus on my vocals and write songs".

Women in Docs were formed initially as *Roz and Chanel*, a folk pop music duo, in 1998 in Townsville with Chanel Marie Lucas on lead vocals, guitar, and bass guitar; and Roslyn "Roz" Pappalardo on lead vocals, guitar, bass guitar and harmonica.. After a few gigs the host of a club they were performing at dubbed them *Women in Docs* referring to their footwear, Doc Martens.

In October 1998 Women in Docs issued their six-track debut extended play, *women in docs*. Two tracks were written by Lucas, two by Roz Pappalardo, "One Day Soon" was written by Sam Pappalardo (Roz's father), and "Prometheus" was co-written by Lucas and Roz. The lead track, "Tin Roof", was issued as a single and was also compiled on Australian Broadcasting Corporation's album, *Music from the Far North* and thereby received national radio airplay on the ABC.

In 1999 the group moved to Brisbane, to become an independent, folk-crossover, alt-country act. They gained various residencies at local venues and then performed at major festivals across Australia. A second EP, *www.womenindocs.com*, was issued in early 2000, and was distributed by MGM Distribution. Oz Music Project's Bryan Estepa was impressed by the six-track EP "\[t\]he combination of the punchy acoustic guitars and Roz & Chanel's perfectly harmonised voices makes their songs so irresistible and joyous".

They issued their debut studio album, *Under a Different Sky*, on Um & Ah Records and MGM Distribution in 2001. It was co-produced by the duo with Anthony Lycenko and Ben McCarthy. They used a variety of session musicians including Lycenko on electric and acoustic guitars; McCarthy on keyboards, piano, electric and bass guitars; and Silas Palmer on violin. *The Courier-Mail*'s Noel Mengel noted the duo showed " ebullient personalities and infectious harmonies" when performing, while the album displayed "\[e\]ffervescent folk-pop ... They can rock it up, with an '80's punk-pop feel". Domenica Acitelli of *Revolver* caught their performance in May that year at Club Acoustica in Sydney, she noted their "\[r\]elenting, prolific melt down harmonies merged with an upbeat folk/rock lilt to the tunes dressed in front of a poised yet carefree room. Chanel and Roz infused a good dose of ‘Australiana’, which was tasted in the intonation of notes especially in a song addressing life on Crown Street, Surry Hills".

Their related tour included regional centres of Queensland, which was funded by an Arts Queensland grant. In August 2002 "Crown St", the album's lead track, was issued as a single. Another track, "Supermarket", also received national airplay on ABC Local Radio. In October their performance at the Woodford Folk Festival was recorded for a live broadcast by ABC Radio National's *Late Night Live* program. A live version of "Crown St", recorded at Club Acoustica, was issued on a various artists live album compilation, *Club Acoustica: The Basement Showcases Volume 1* in March 2002. Lucas told Sacha Molitorisz of *The Sydney Morning Herald* about their association with the venue in Oxford Street, Darlinghurst, "La Bar was our first introduction to the Sydney music scene. From the first show I remember the warmth and the response of the audience, which was almost unexpected".

Also in 2002 they were invited by ABC's Radio National to represent Australia at the European Broadcasting Union's International Folk Festival in Hamburg. Lucas recalled "\[w\]e were a bit different… it was kind of scary, but it was really good. We got a really good response. We got in the local paper. We got to meet the Mayor of Hamburg town. We couldn’t understand what he was saying to us, and he couldn’t understand us either, so we had a great time". During the following year they performed at various Australian festivals and at venues across the country. A proposed appearance at the 2003 Shanghai Spring International Music Festival in May was postponed to the following year due to the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak. They toured southern China and were broadcast by radio stations based in Shanghai.

"Crown St" appeared on various artists compilations, including The Basement Showcases Volume 1 (2002) released by Underfoot Records, and *Time Off: Core Sampler 03* (2003), which "annoyed" Nathan Jolly at Oz Music Project with the group's "over-the-top Aussie accents and lingo-based song". They have been compared to the Indigo Girls (Canada) and The Waifs (Australia). With a reputation for stirring and humorous live performances, Women in Docs have toured consistently throughout Australia, North America, Europe, New Zealand and China. 2004 festival appearances included SXSW in Austin, Texas, Folk Alliance in San Diego, and Canadian Music Week. They issued their fourth EP, *Times Like These*, in that year. It was produced by David Nicholas (INXS, *george*).

### 2006-present: *Red Wine and Postcards*

On 1 May 2006 Women in Docs released their second studio album, *Red Wine and Postcards*, which was produced and engineered by Darren Middleton (of Powderfinger). Middleton also supplied guitar, keyboards and backing vocals. Clayton Ford of The Dwarf website noted the "country tinged contemporary folk rock" of the album with "\[t\]ales of life, loss and being are delicately layered". Mediasearch's Chanel Bartolo felt the album was "amazing. Each song feels alive, almost as if it has an individual soul. There is heart in each word and each melody".

During July 2007 the duo performed in the US, Janine Schaults of *Illinois Entertainer* previewed their appearance at the National Women's Festival in Bloomington: "they have a breezy style that doesn’t bog down the songs with over emotionalism and a search for life’s deep meaning ... for music pleasant enough to allow listeners to drift into the world of the songwriter". In May 2009 they performed at the Brisbane Powerhouse to record a live album for US release. In August that year they toured North America including gigs in Vancouver and Philadelphia.

From late 2009 to 2011 the band was in hiatus as both members undertook new projects and concentrated on their private lives. Pappalardo formed an alt-country backing group, the Wayward Gentlemen consisting of Palmer on keyboards, mandolin, violin and harmonica; Aaron Millard on drums and percussion; Lincoln Retallack on bass guitar; and Rob Sherwood on electric and slide guitars. She released her debut solo album, *The Lifeboat* (September 2009), on Plus One Records. Laura Bethall of *Maverick Magazine* noted that Pappalardo is "direct and powerful in her approach, her songs strong and captivating" providing a "\[b\]eautiful collection of rock-inspired country". It includes her cover version of "Little Boxes" which was used – as well as the original and numerous other versions – on US TV series, *Weeds*.

In late 2011 Lucas and Pappalardo resumed collaborating periodically for "one-off gigs or just small shows, like local shows". With Lucas living in Brisbane and Pappalardo in Cairns they collaborated via Skype and Dropbox enabling them to "produce quite a high-quality album with very well-written songs".

By September 2013 Women in Docs had signed with Plus One Records. In November that year they issued the title track from their album, *Carousel*, and followed with their first Australian tour in four years. Lucas described their songwriting process "big difference is in the songwriting – usually Roz and I bring songs separately to preproduction and then we workshop them into Women in Docs songs. This time we wrote some songs together". For the album Pappalardo provided acoustic guitar, lead vocals, harmonica and banjo; Lucas was on acoustic guitar, lead vocals, bass guitar and ukulele.

## Members

* Chanel Lucas – lead vocals, guitar, bass guitar, bouzouki, mandolin, acoustic guitar, ukulele (1998–present)
* Roz Pappalardo – lead vocals, guitar, harmonica, bass guitar, acoustic guitar, banjo (1998–present)

### Regular backing musicians

* Silas Palmer – violin, keyboard
* John Bedggood - violin, keyboard, piano accordion
* Geoff Green – drums

## Discography

### Studio albums

| Title | Details |
| --- | --- |
| *Under a Different Sky* | * Released: September 2001 * Label: Um&Ah Records (UM-18) * Format: CD |
| *Red Wine and Postcards* | * Released: May 2006 * Label: Women in Docs (WIDCD005) * Format: CD, Download |
| *Carousel* | * Released: 2015 * Label: Plus One Records (P1-550 * Format: CD, Download |

### Extended plays

| Title | Details |
| --- | --- |
| *women in docs* | * Released: 1998 * Label: Women in Docs (WIDCD001) * Format: CD |
| *www.womenindocs.com* | * Released: July 2000 * Label: Women in Docs (WIDCD002) * Format: CD |
| *Women in Docs Live* | * Released: 2001 * Label: Women in Docs (WIDCD003) * Format: CD |
| *Times Like These* | * Released: 2004 * Label: Women in Docs (WIDCD004) * Format: CD |
|

## Awards

### Q Song Awards

The Queensland Music Awards (previously known as Q Song Awards) are annual awards celebrating Queensland, Australia's brightest emerging artists and established legends. They commenced in 2006.

| Year | Nominee / work | Award | Result (wins only) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2006 | "Times Like These" | World / Folk Song of the Year | Won |

## InfoBox

| Women in Docs | |
| --- | --- |
| Left to right: Silas Palmer, Chanel Lucas, Roz Pappalardo<br>March 2013 | |
| Background information | |
| Also known as | Roz and Chanel |
| Origin | Townsville, Queensland, Australia |
| Genres | Country, folk, acoustic, indie |
| Years active | 1998 (1998)–present |
| Labels | Um&Ah/MGM Distribution |
|  | |
| Members | * Chanel Lucas * Roz Pappalardo |
|  | |
| Website | womenindocs.com |