title: Panchronic phonology

abstract: Panchronic phonology is an approach to historical phonology. Its aim is to formulate generalizations about sound changes that are independent of any particular language or language group.

text:
# Panchronic phonology

**Panchronic phonology** is an approach to historical phonology. Its aim is to formulate generalizations about sound changes that are independent of any particular language or language group.

## Etymology

The term 'panchronic' as applied to linguistics goes back at least to Saussure, who uses it to refer to the most general principles, independently of concrete facts. The panchronic program in phonology, however, is associated with the work of André-Georges Haudricourt, especially his seminal articles of 1940 and 1973, and the preliminary synthesis published with Claude Hagège in 1978.

## Main tenets of the panchronic program in phonology

Beyond case studies, one of the goals of comparative linguistics is to assemble data that lead to an inventory of the common types of sound change and to an improved understanding of the conditions under which they occur. Panchronic Phonology aims to achieve this: it attempts to formulate generalizations about sound change that are independent of any particular language or language group. Haudricourt (1973) labels such an approach Panchronic Phonology. Panchronic laws are obtained by induction from a typological survey of precise diachronic events whose analysis brings out their common conditions of appearance. In turn, they can be used to shed light on individual historical situations.

Panchronic Phonology is a research program, not a full-fledged, fully realized model of language change. It has been pointed out that the book *La Phonologie panchronique*, co-authored by Hagège and Haudricourt, only scratches the surface of the many topics that it aims to treat.

In practice, the panchronic program requires the compilation of as many attested cases of sound changes as possible, with detailed information on the state of the linguistic system where it took place. The study of sound changes in progress is another important source of information about the mechanisms of sound change; particular attention is paid to unstable states, and to the phonetic analysis of synchronic variation. One of the aims of the panchronic approach in phonology is to link up findings about synchronic variation and findings about long-term historical change.

## Examples of panchronic regularities

* Haudricourt's programmatic 1940 article proposes the following example: there is a potential for the change from word-initial /st-/ to V(owel)+/st-/ when the following four conditions are met: (i) initial /st-/ is not significantly more frequent than V+/st-/; (ii) V+/st/ is allowed in word-final position; (iii) there is no word-initial stress; (iv) if the word where the change is to occur has N syllables, words with N+1 syllables must be allowed in the language.
* Haudricourt 1965 and Ferlus 1979 offer a second example: the modeling of the transphonologization of the voicing opposition among initial consonants. After evolving into an opposition between phonation types on the following vowel (breathy voice vs. modal voice), this opposition becomes tonal if the language already had tones: this creates a split in the tone system. Otherwise it becomes a vowel quality opposition, creating a two-way split in the vowel system. This model is verified in numerous East and Southeast Asian languages. The broadest formulation of this model is proposed by Ferlus (2009).

## Functional Phonology

The Panchronic program in phonology is a development from structural approaches to diachrony. Structural approaches to diachrony study the way in which phonological systems respond to the causes of change. A major source of change is the constant competition between the tendency towards phonological integration and the tendency towards phonetic simplicity. Phonological economy tends to fill structural gaps in phonological systems, and phonetic economy tends to create phonological gaps. Out of the pool of potential changes, the actual direction of evolution observed in a given language depends in part on the state of its phonological system, e.g. – again taking nasality as an example – which nasal phonemes it possesses (among consonants and vowels), which phonotactic constraints they are subject to, and what functional load they have in the system.

Martinet expressed a skeptical view on the possibility of establishing panchronic laws of evolution, considering that the factors at play in linguistic change are of such complexity that no amount of detail can ever be sufficient to arrive at truly panchronic generalizations. He nonetheless considers the search for panchronic generalizations useful as a research tool: "Contrary to some other functionalists, I am not tempted to posit panchronic laws of phonological evolution. But looking for general laws may lead to what I would call the positing of useful hypotheses." Martinet takes the example of the following generalization, which he rephrases from Haudricourt's findings: "The articulation of a phoneme is only apt to get weaker when and if it stands in opposition to another phoneme sharing the same features, but distinct from it on account of a more energetic or a more complex articulation." Martinet concludes: "I still would prefer calling this a working hypothesis rather than a panchronic law, because I am convinced we shall one day come across a language where the weakening of consonants will be found to result from some unforeseen complex of factors." (ibid.)

## Other classical approaches to Historical Phonology

While the term *panchronic* is not widely used today, the aim to formulate generalizations about sound change that are independent of any particular language or language group is common to many historical linguists. Labov's generalization that "In chain shifts, peripheral vowels become more open and nonperipheral vowels become less open" (1994: 601) can be considered as a panchronic statement. Several of the generalizations about nasal states and nasal processes proposed by Hyman likewise aim to explain synchronic states in terms of the processes that lead up to them, and to arrive at general laws of sound change.

## Evolutionary Phonology

The program of Panchronic Phonology is very close to that of Evolutionary Phonology, although with some interesting differences. Evolutionary Phonology (as proposed by Juliette Blevins), building on work by John Ohala, considers phonetic variation as the primary source of phonological change. This emphasis on the phonetic bases of change encourages a continuous dialogue between experimental phonetics and historical phonology. Even if every scholars agree that there exist competing phonetic tendencies, according to Labov (1994: 601) they do not have explanatory or predictive power when it comes to individual cases. In Panchronic Phonology, not all sound changes are straightforwardly related to phonetic tendencies, and hypothesized universals of language change based on phonetic properties are considered to seldom stand close scrutiny. According to some authors, the existence of a pool of phonetic variation is only part of the thoroughly complex story of diachronic sound change.

## Readings

(in French)

* Hagège, Claude; Haudricourt, André-Georges (1978). *La Phonologie Panchronique*. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
* Haudricourt, André-Georges (1940). "Méthode pour Obtenir des Lois Concrètes en Linguistique Générale". *Bulletin de la Société de Linguistique de Paris*. **41** (1): 70–74.
* Haudricourt, André-Georges (1973). "La Linguistique Panchronique Nécessaire à la Linguistique Comparée, Science Auxiliaire de la Diachronie Sociologique et Ethnographique". *Ethnies*. **3**: 23–26. doi:10.3406/ethni.1973.874.
* Mazaudon, Martine; Michailovsky, Boyd (2007), "La Phonologie Panchronique Aujourd'hui: Quelques Repères", in Fernandez-Vest, Jocelyne (ed.), *Combats Pour Les Langues Du Monde: Hommage à Claude Hagège*, Paris: L’Harmattan, pp. 351–362.
* Rivierre, Jean-Claude. 2011. “André-Georges Haudricourt Et La Phonologie : La Phonologie Panchronique En Perspective.” Le Portique 27.
* Walter, Henriette. 1980. “A Propos de ‘La Phonologie Panchronique’.” La Linguistique 16 (2): 141–144.

(in English)


title: Open Heart Surgery

abstract: Open Heart Surgery is an album by the rock band Virginwool, released in 2000 via Breaking/Atlantic Records. The album is out of print. "I Think Her Mother Loves Me" was the first single from the album; a remixed, slightly poppier version was released. "Better for You" was the second single, and it too was released in a shorter radio edit.

text:
# Open Heart Surgery

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |

***Open Heart Surgery*** is an album by the rock band Virginwool, released in 2000 via Breaking/Atlantic Records. The album is out of print.

"I Think Her Mother Loves Me" was the first single from the album; a remixed, slightly poppier version was released. "Better for You" was the second single, and it too was released in a shorter radio edit.

## Production

The album was produced by Brad Wood. It was recorded at Pachyderm Recording Studio, in Cannon Falls, Minnesota.

The tracks "You're the Girl" and "Picked Apart" were previously released on the band's self-released CDs, when they were known as Gumwrapper Curb. "Picked Apart" was originally titled "Virgin Wool".

## Critical reception

The *New York Post* wrote that the band "indulges in the same king of quirky rock the propelled Tom Petty and his Heartbreakers to the top." *CMJ New Music Monthly* wrote that singer Jordan Pouzzner "wraps his sensitive-guy pipes around heart-tugging hooks and stadium-sized choruses." *The Post and Courier* called the songs "captivating and quirky," and praised the "rich harmonies and chiming guitars." The *Tallahassee Democrat* called *Open Heart Surgery* "a sizzling slab of wry, melodic pop-rock."

## Track listing

1. "Nevermind Her Hips"
2. "I Think Her Mother Loves Me"
3. "You're the Girl"
4. "Climbing Boulders"
5. "Better for You"
6. "Lonely Man"
7. "Timeframe"
8. "Goodman Vibe"
9. "Angel"
10. "Picked Apart"
11. "New Song"
12. "Between the Lies"

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| Open Heart Surgery | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Virginwool | |
| Released | August 8, 2000 |
| Studio | Pachyderm (Cannon Falls, Minnesota) |
| Label | Atlantic |
| Producer | Brad Wood |


title: Liesbeth Ribbius Peletier

abstract: Anna Elisabeth (Liesbeth) Ribbius Peletier was a socialist feminist Dutch politician.

text:
# Liesbeth Ribbius Peletier

**Anna Elisabeth (Liesbeth) Ribbius Peletier** (July 29, 1891 – September 30, 1989) was a socialist feminist Dutch politician.

## Biography

### Personal life

Ribbius Peletier was a daughter of cigar manufacturer Gerlacus Ribbius Peletier (1856-1930) and Adriana Louise Wijbelingh (1863-1939). She studied law at the University of Utrecht. Ribbius became president of the Utrecht Female Student Association (1915) and board member of the Dutch Association of Women with Academic Training (1918). She graduated in 1916 and in 1920 she graduated cum laude with professor C.W. Star Busmann.

After graduating, Ribbius moved to an Amsterdam guesthouse and started working as a volunteer at the Central Bureau for Social Advice. In 1922 she became a state institution and law teacher and deputy director at the School of Social Work. During her studies she was attracted to anarcho-communism. After a study trip through Great Britain, where she came in contact with the Labor Party, she felt more for social democracy. In 1925 she became a member of the Arbeiders Jeugd Centrale, the youth movement of the Social Democratic Party. Shortly thereafter, she was asked by Mathilde Wibaut to apply as a female secretary to the party board. She succeeded Liede Tilanus as secretary-treasurer of the main board of the Association of Social Democratic Women's Clubs. She ensured an expansion of women's work and committed to training work for working-class women. In 1932, thanks to her father's legacy, she was able to buy land in Bennekom, where she founded the De Born training center for working class women the following year.

### Political career

Ribbius was elected a member of the Provincial States of North Holland (1931-1941, 1946-1958) and appointed as a member of the Senate of the States General (1937-1947). She was a political group spokesperson in the field of justice and social affairs and was responsible for internal affairs. The SDAP was banned by the occupiers during the Second World War. Ribbius kept in touch with the women's clubs at the time, and De Born was able to continue to operate as a private property. After the war, she became a member of the PvdA party council and chairwoman of the women's association. In addition to re-joining the Provincial States, she became a member of the Provincial Executive of North Holland (1946-1958) and was charged with, among other things, healthcare and spatial planning. In 1951 she was a member of the United Nations Commission on the Legal Status of Women. In that year she was named Knight in the Order of the Netherlands Lion. In 1956 she was a UN women's representative and went to the General Assembly of the United Nations to give a speech. In April 1958 she was appointed as the first female member, alongside the Queen, of the Council of State (1958-1966), after which she settled in Scheveningen. At the age of 75, Ribbius resigned as State Council, but she remained involved with De Born.

## Ribbius-Peletier-Medal

The "Ribbius-Peletier-Medal" will be awarded for five years from 2019 to a woman who has made herself worthy for the position of women in North Holland politics. The medal was established by the Provincial Council for 100 years of women's suffrage. The first Ribbius Pelletier Medal was awarded to Devika Partiman on March 7, 2019.


title: Tsuyama

abstract: Tsuyama is a city in Okayama Prefecture, Japan. In February 2023, the city had an estimated population of 97,507 in 45,653 households and a population density of 190 persons per km⁲. The total area of the city is 506.33 square kilometres (195.50 sq mi).

text:
# Tsuyama

**Tsuyama** (津山市, *Tsuyama-shi*) is a city in Okayama Prefecture, Japan. In February 2023, the city had an estimated population of 97,507 in 45,653 households and a population density of 190 persons per km2. The total area of the city is 506.33 square kilometres (195.50 sq mi).

## Geography

Tsuyama is located in north-central Okayama Prefecture, with the Chugoku Mountains separating it from Tottori Prefecture to the north. It is the largest city in the northern part of the prefecture in terms of population and economy.

### Adjoining municipalities

Okayama Prefecture

Tottori Prefecture

### Climate

Tsuyama has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification *Cfa*) with very warm summers and cold winters. The average annual temperature in Tsuyama is 13.6 °C. The average annual rainfall is 1,501 mm. September is the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 25.6 °C, and lowest in January, at around 1.9 °C.

| Climate data for Tsuyama (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1943−present) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 17.9
(64.2) | 22.5
(72.5) | 25.8
(78.4) | 30.4
(86.7) | 32.9
(91.2) | 36.1
(97.0) | 37.4
(99.3) | 38.4
(101.1) | 36.6
(97.9) | 31.3
(88.3) | 24.9
(76.8) | 19.9
(67.8) | 38.4
(101.1) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 7.8
(46.0) | 9.2
(48.6) | 13.4
(56.1) | 19.5
(67.1) | 24.2
(75.6) | 26.9
(80.4) | 30.4
(86.7) | 32.0
(89.6) | 27.7
(81.9) | 21.9
(71.4) | 15.7
(60.3) | 9.9
(49.8) | 19.9
(67.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 2.5
(36.5) | 3.4
(38.1) | 6.8
(44.2) | 12.4
(54.3) | 17.5
(63.5) | 21.5
(70.7) | 25.3
(77.5) | 26.3
(79.3) | 22.2
(72.0) | 16.0
(60.8) | 9.7
(49.5) | 4.5
(40.1) | 14.0
(57.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −1.4
(29.5) | −1.1
(30.0) | 1.4
(34.5) | 6.1
(43.0) | 11.6
(52.9) | 17.0
(62.6) | 21.6
(70.9) | 22.3
(72.1) | 18.1
(64.6) | 11.2
(52.2) | 5.1
(41.2) | 0.4
(32.7) | 9.4
(48.9) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −12.8
(9.0) | −11.1
(12.0) | −9.7
(14.5) | −5.1
(22.8) | −0.6
(30.9) | 6.1
(43.0) | 11.4
(52.5) | 11.4
(52.5) | 5.7
(42.3) | −0.6
(30.9) | −5.5
(22.1) | −8.9
(16.0) | −12.8
(9.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 52.2
(2.06) | 59.3
(2.33) | 99.7
(3.93) | 116.1
(4.57) | 148.5
(5.85) | 185.1
(7.29) | 238.3
(9.38) | 127.9
(5.04) | 170.5
(6.71) | 99.0
(3.90) | 60.8
(2.39) | 56.1
(2.21) | 1,416
(55.75) |
| Average snowfall cm (inches) | 18
(7.1) | 16
(6.3) | 2
(0.8) | 0
(0) | 0
(0) | 0
(0) | 0
(0) | 0
(0) | 0
(0) | 0
(0) | 0
(0) | 9
(3.5) | 44
(17) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 7.2 | 8.5 | 9.7 | 9.4 | 9.9 | 11.5 | 12.4 | 9.0 | 9.7 | 6.9 | 6.6 | 7.2 | 108 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 1 cm) | 4.8 | 4.1 | 0.6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.6 | 11.1 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 79 | 76 | 72 | 69 | 71 | 77 | 81 | 78 | 78 | 79 | 81 | 82 | 77 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 114.9 | 121.3 | 160.2 | 185.3 | 195.7 | 145.0 | 144.5 | 180.2 | 146.6 | 154.1 | 121.1 | 111.5 | 1,779 |
| Source: Japan Meteorological Agency | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

### Demographics

In 2020, Tsuyama's population was 99,937 people. Tsuyama has been conducting censuses since 1950.

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1950 | 113,575 |  |
| 1955 | 113,938 | +0.3% |
| 1960 | 108,977 | −4.4% |
| 1965 | 103,637 | −4.9% |
| 1970 | 101,015 | −2.5% |
| 1975 | 103,527 | +2.5% |
| 1980 | 106,684 | +3.0% |
| 1985 | 110,542 | +3.6% |
| 1990 | 112,386 | +1.7% |
| 1995 | 113,617 | +1.1% |
| 2000 | 111,499 | −1.9% |
| 2005 | 110,569 | −0.8% |
| 2010 | 106,525 | −3.7% |
| 2015 | 103,746 | −2.6% |
| 2020 | 99,937 | −3.7% |
| Tsuyama population statistics | | |

## History

Tsuyama was the center of ancient Mimasaka Province and the location of its kokufu and the Mimasaka Kokubun-ji. It was also on the pilgrimage route to Izumo Shrine and had a number of inn stations. In the latter half of the Sengoku period, Mori Ranmaru's younger brother, Mori Tadamasa, received the area as his domain. He constructed Tsuruyama Castle on the site of an ancient castle which had been erected by the Yamana clan, and laid out a new castle town which became the nucleus of the modern city. At the same time, Tsuruyama was renamed "Tsuyama".

Under the Tokugawa Shogunate, Tsuyama Castle was the headquarters of a cadet branch of the Matsudaira clan and the center of Tsuyama Domain. Tsuyama is known for the 17th century Tsuyama Castle, whose grandeur was said to rival that of Himeji Castle in neighboring Hyōgo Prefecture. The castle was destroyed in 1874. Today only the stone foundations remain, except for a single turret that was reconstructed in 2005.

The castle ruins remain Tsuyama's main tourist attraction along with Joto Street, a narrow street of old, traditional buildings that was once part of the pilgrimage route from Kyoto to Izumo, and Shūraku-en, a traditional Japanese garden constructed in 1657. Following the Meiji restoration, the town of Tsuyama was established in June 1889 with the creation of the modern municipalities system. It was raised to city status in February 1929.

In 1938, 31 people died in the Tsuyama massacre, a spree killing.

In February 2005, the town of Kamo, the village of Aba (both from Tomata District), the town of Shōboku (from Katsuta District), and the town of Kume (from Kume District) were merged into Tsuyama.

## Government

Tsuyama has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral city council of 28 members. Tsuyama, collectively with the towns of Kagamino, Nagi and Shōō, contributes four members to the Okayama Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the city is part of the Okayama 3rd district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.

## Economy

Tsuyama has a mixed economy based on manufacturing, wholesale and retail commerce, and agriculture. The city has several industrial parks

## Education

Tsuyama has 27 public elementary schools and none public junior high school operated by the city government. Four public high schools are operated by the Okayama prefectural Board of Education. There are two private high schools. Mimasaka University and the Tsuyama National College of Technology are both located in the city.

## Transportation

Tsuyama's main railway station is Tsuyama Station. The station is served by the Tsuyama Line to Okayama, the Kishin Line to Himeji and Niimi, and the Inbi Line to Tottori. All services are operated by JR West.

Tsuyama is one of the major cities along the Chūgoku Expressway. As with many Japanese cities, cycling is a very common form of transport, particularly among school students.

### Railway

JR West (JR West) - Kishin Line

JR West (JR West) - Inbi Line

JR West (JR West) - Tsuyama Line

### Highways

## Sister cities

## Local attractions

### Festivals

* **Cherry Blossom Festival (early April)** \- This event is held in Kakuzan Park where around 5,000 cherry blossom trees attract people from all over western Japan. Many picnickers arrive before dawn and set down blue tarps and then remain until dusk, grilling out and drinking sake.
* **Gongo Festival** (First Saturday and Sunday of August) - The Gongo, or Kappa, is a fictitious animal said to live in rivers. The festival is based around the legend that the Gongo can be seen in the Yoshii River in summer. Local people congregate on the banks of the river wearing traditional Japanese clothing and eat and drink at the many temporary stalls set up there. The festival culminates in a spectacular firework display on the Sunday evening.
* **Tsuyama Autumn Festival** (Mid to late October) - Many people parade through the town pulling danjiri.
* **Lion Dance Festival** (October 17) - The Lion Dance Festival, held at Takata Shrine, began around 710 A.D. to thank the gods for a good harvest. A male and female lion, each controlled by twelve dancers, perform a soul-stirring dance imitating a struggle. The lions keep time with a flute and drum. The dance is believed to drive away the devil and impurity.
* **Old Izumo Street Festival** (Beginning of November on Sunday) - A festival on Joto Street during which they wear traditional clothes and open a theater, tea houses, and various stalls.

## Notable people from Tsuyama

## InfoBox

| Tsuyama 津山市 | |
| --- | --- |
| City | |
| Tsuyama City | |
|  | |
| Location of Tsuyama in Okayama Prefecture | |
|  | |
| TsuyamaLocation in Japan | |
| Coordinates: 35°04′09″N 134°0′16″E / 35.06917°N 134.00444°E / 35.06917; 134.00444 | |
| Country | Japan |
| Region | Chūgoku (San'yō) |
| Prefecture | Okayama |
| City Settled | February 11, 1929 |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Keizō Taniguchi (since February 2018) |
| Area | |
| Total | 506.33 km2 (195.50 sq mi) |
| Population (February 1, 2023) | |
| Total | 97,507 |
| Density | 190/km2 (500/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+09:00 (JST) |
| City hall address | 520 Yamakita, Tsuyama-shi, Okayama-ken 708-8501 |
| Climate | Cfa |
| Website | Official website |
|  | |
| Symbols | |
|  | |
| Flower | Satsuki azalea, Sakura |
| Tree | Camphor laurel |
|  | |


title: Paul Dobbs

abstract: Paul Dobbs was a motorcycle road racer and development test rider from New Zealand. He first competed in the Isle of Man TT races in 1999.

text:
# Paul Dobbs

**Paul Dobbs** (5 October 1970 – 10 June 2010) was a motorcycle road racer and development test rider from New Zealand. He first competed in the Isle of Man TT races in 1999.

## Racing career

Dobbs' motorcycle racing career included a first place in the Australian 400 Class and Formula 3 in New South Wales in 1997. He competed in the 1998 Australian Championships, finishing 2nd and 4th in Class.

In his first attempt at the TT races in 1999, he was awarded the best newcomer in the Lightweight 400 Race. His best finish was sixth in the 400 cc lightweight division of the 2000 races.

## Death

He died in a racing accident at Ballagarey, while competing in the Supersport TT race 2 in 2010.

## 3D documentary Closer to the Edge

The 3D film UK documentary *TT3D: Closer to the Edge* shot at the 2010 Isle of Man TT races features his wife Bridget Dobbs talking about her husband 'Dobsy' and the races.

## InfoBox

| Paul Dobbs | |
| --- | --- |
| Dobbs with an historic-class Norton-based race machine | |
| Nationality | New Zealand |
| Born | (1970-10-05)5 October 1970 |
| Died | 10 June 2010(2010-06-10) (aged 39) |
| Motorcycle racing career statistics  Isle of Man TT career  TTs contested 11 (1999–2000, 20022010)  TT wins 0  TT podiums 0 | |


title: Locharnini

abstract: The Locharnini are a tribe of tussock moths of the family Erebidae. The tribe was erected by Jeremy Daniel Holloway and Houshuai Wang in 2015.

text:
# Locharnini

The **Locharnini** are a tribe of tussock moths of the family Erebidae. The tribe was erected by Jeremy Daniel Holloway and Houshuai Wang in 2015.

## Genera

Based on Wang, H. et al.:

## InfoBox

| Locharnini | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Erebidae |
| Subfamily: | Lymantriinae |
| Tribe: | Locharnini<br>Holloway & Wang, 2015 |
|


abstract: Check It Out! with Dr. Steve Brule is a spin-off of Tim and Eric Awesome Show, Great Job! starring John C. Reilly as Dr. Steve Brule. The series premiered on Cartoon Network's late night programming block, Adult Swim, on May 16, 2010. The series has completed four seasons with six episodes each.

text:
# List of Check It Out! with Dr. Steve Brule episodes

*Check It Out! with Dr. Steve Brule* is a spin-off of *Tim and Eric Awesome Show, Great Job!* starring John C. Reilly as Dr. Steve Brule. The series premiered on Cartoon Network's late night programming block, Adult Swim, on May 16, 2010. The series has completed four seasons with six episodes each.

## Series overview

| Season | Episodes | | Originally aired | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | First aired | Last aired |
|  | 6 | | May 16, 2010 (2010-05-16) | June 20, 2010 (2010-06-20) |
|  | 6 | | March 18, 2012 (2012-03-18) | April 22, 2012 (2012-04-22) |
|  | 6 | | February 27, 2014 (2014-02-27) | April 4, 2014 (2014-04-04) |
|  | 6 | | June 17, 2016 (2016-06-17) | July 29, 2016 (2016-07-29) |
| Halloween Special | | | October 23, 2017 (2017-10-23) | |

## Episodes

### Season 1 (2010)

| No.
overall | No. in
season | Title | Original air date | Prod.
code |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 1 | "Food" | May 16, 2010 (2010-05-16) | 105 |
| Dr. Steve Brule talks about one of life's most essential means of survival: food. He meets waitress Sunshine, with whom he makes a surprising connection. | | | | |
| 2 | 2 | "Relationships" | May 23, 2010 (2010-05-23) | 102 |
| Dr. Steve Brule explores the wonders of relationships and sex. Dr. Brule interviews Dr. Dan Dungus about sex. Plus a look at Yesterday's Weather.
Tim Heidecker and Eric Wareheim guest star as Channel 5's married news team, Jan and Wayne Skylar. | | | | |
| 3 | 3 | "Family" | May 30, 2010 (2010-05-30) | 103 |
| Dr. Steve discusses the importance of family. The Doctor visits his mother, Dorris Pringle-Brule, his magician uncle, Gary Brule, and his (non-existent) older brother, Stan Brule. Dr. Brule meets his estranged father in a park, who is later revealed to be a mere look-alike. Plus a look at sports. | | | | |
| 4 | 4 | "Health" | June 6, 2010 (2010-06-06) | 101 |
| Dr. Steve discusses the topic of being ugly or pretty. A look at a high school quarterback. Also, spiritual health. Maria Bamford guest stars, and porn star Ms. Deja appears in an aerobics segment. | | | | |
| 5 | 5 | "Fear" | June 13, 2010 (2010-06-13) | 104 |
| Dr. Steve addresses his fear of puppets. A visit to a puppet theater leads to a bad dream. An injury occurs during jack-o-lantern carving. David Liebe Hart guest stars. | | | | |
| 6 | 6 | "Friendship" | June 20, 2010 (2010-06-20) | 106 |
| Dr. Steve Brule visits a local male strip club in an effort to seek out new friends. He invites his neighbor Steve to assist him on his search for friends. Dr. Brule ends up passed out in a gay bar, revealing his own deep depression. | | | | |

### Season 2 (2012)

| No.
overall | No. in
season | Title | Original air date | Prod.
code | US viewers
(millions) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 7 | 1 | "Boats" | March 18, 2012 (2012-03-18) | 201 | 0.835 |
| In a report on boats, Dr. Steve visits Captain Gary at the marina, scores big with dumpster seafood, and takes a kayak trip. A swarm of wasps interferes with the recording of "Yesterday's Weather." Carol Krabit discusses the best bait and location for crabbing. | | | | | |
| 8 | 2 | "Pleasure" | March 25, 2012 (2012-03-25) | 203 | 0.793 |
| Dr. Steve encounters injury and an old clown at a county fair. A spa and candy store are also explored, with haphazard results. Singer Ron Don Volante plugs new music. | | | | | |
| 9 | 3 | "Money" | April 1, 2012 (2012-04-01) | 202 | 0.746 |
| After a failed attempt to visit the US Mint, Dr. Steve braves a job interview, discovers card counting, and angers security guards at a casino. Doug Prishpreed reports on an upcoming decathlon and a failed cannon firing. | | | | | |
| 10 | 4 | "Space" | April 8, 2012 (2012-04-08) | 204 | 0.705 |
| In a close encounter of the questionable kind, Dr. Steve meets with aspiring actor and alien abductee David Liebe Hart to talk extraterrestrial technology. | | | | | |
| 11 | 5 | "Animals" | April 15, 2012 (2012-04-15) | 205 | 0.751 |
| Dr. Brule finally goes furry, all while promoting Toad's new Creamed Chip Beef, Corned Beef Hash combo can. Dr. Brule finds out he has arachnophobia during his Doctor to Doctor with Sean Roach. | | | | | |
| 12 | 6 | "Life and Death"
"Life, Death" | April 22, 2012 (2012-04-22) | 206 | N/A |
| Dr. Steve Brule goes on a journey through the physical as he meditates on life and then death. | | | | | |

### Season 3 (2014)

| No.
overall | No. in
season | Title | Original air date | Prod.
code | US viewers
(millions) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 13 | 1 | "Planes" | February 28, 2014 (2014-02-28) | 301 | 1.111 |
| Dr. Brule witnesses a traumatizing airplane accident involving a new co-host. To assuage his fears, he decides to take an airplane ride of his own. | | | | | |
| 14 | 2 | "Church" | March 7, 2014 (2014-03-07) | 302 | 1.222 |
| Dr. Brule goes to church and sets out to become a priest; however, he is soon tempted by darker and more sinister activities. | | | | | |
| 15 | 3 | "Home" | March 14, 2014 (2014-03-14) | 303 | 1.052 |
| Dr. Brule learns about home by visiting the home of Jan and Wayne Skylar, but Wayne dies on-air due to many cancers. He then visits Hippy Joel's home, a tent in the woods, where Joel hunts down Brule with a crossbow. | | | | | |
| 16 | 4 | "Horse" | March 21, 2014 (2014-03-21) | 304 | 1.070 |
| Dr. Brule learns all about horses. He interviews a child clown who rides horses for a living. | | | | | |
| 17 | 5 | "Children" | March 28, 2014 (2014-03-28) | 305 | 1.050 |
| Dr. Brule visits a day care facility for boys, and learns that if they misbehave you just need to spray them with poison. Later, he helps his mother deliver her baby. | | | | | |
| 18 | 6 | "Skateboards" | April 4, 2014 (2014-04-04) | 306 | 1.183 |
| Dr. Brule tries to show off skateboard tricks, but ends up suffering from amnesia after injuring his head. He meets with friends and family to try and remember who he is and what he does. | | | | | |

### Season 4 (2016)

| No.
overall | No. in
season | Title | Original air date | Prod.
code | US viewers
(millions) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 19 | 1 | "Cars" | June 17, 2016 (2016-06-17) | 401 | 0.968 |
| Dr. Brule goes shopping for a new car and learns how to fix cars; Scott Clam reports on a clam contamination at a local river. | | | | | |
| 20 | 2 | "Eggs" | June 24, 2016 (2016-06-24) | 402 | 0.973 |
| Dr. Brule learns about eggs by eating some at various diners, where he meets a man who may be his estranged father. Later, he promotes the latest Myer's Super Foods product; Doug Prishpreed reports on his upcoming dental work and Pablo Myers warns of a health hazard involving his cans. | | | | | |
| 21 | 3 | "Words" | July 8, 2016 (2016-07-08) | 403 | 0.825 |
| To learn more about words, Dr. Brule visits a library, meets some foreign language speakers, and competes in a spelling bee; Terry Bruge-Hiplo hosts a free medical examination. | | | | | |
| 22 | 4 | "Music" | July 15, 2016 (2016-07-15) | 404 | 0.768 |
| Dr. Brule goes to a music store and interviews some musicians, even working as a roadie for a rock band; Scott Clam reports on avian life and Doug Prishpreed advertises a barbecue. | | | | | |
| 23 | 5 | "Stevie!" | July 22, 2016 (2016-07-22) | 405 | 0.815 |
| Dr. Brule launches a live talk show, featuring co-host Carol Krabit and special guests Doug Prishpreed and Pablo Myers. However, all goes awry when Myers warns of an astronomical phenomenon. | | | | | |
| 24 | 6 | "Crime" | July 29, 2016 (2016-07-29) | 406 | 0.879 |
| Dr. Brule and Scott Clam visit a jail (where Dr. Brule sees an old friend) and help some police officers catch criminals; Carol Krabit reports on a disease outbreak and is taken over by the Dark Lord. Brule and Clam go on a ride along with a police officer and help him out on a traffic stop. As of the end of the Season 4 Finale, Brule is arrested and Scott Clam takes over as the new host of "Check It Out". | | | | | |

### Halloween Special (2017)

| No.
overall | No. in
season | Title | Original air date | Prod.
code | US viewers
(millions) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 25 | 1 | "Check It Out! with Scott Clam" | October 23, 2017 (2017-10-23) | 407 | N/A |
| Scott Clam, new host of 'Check It Out!', discusses trains with David Liebe Hart.
**Note:** This special was aired as part of *Infomercials*. | | | | | |


title: Martina Rüscher

abstract: Martina Rüscher is an Austrian politician for the Austrian People's Party (ÖVP) and communications consultant. She has been, since 2014, a member of the parliament of Vorarlberg. Rüscher is married, has three sons and lives in Andelsbuch in the Bregenz Forest.

text:
# Martina Rüscher

**Martina Rüscher** (née **Valentini**; born 25 July 1972, in Innsbruck, Austria) is an Austrian politician for the Austrian People's Party (ÖVP) and communications consultant. She has been, since 2014, a member of the parliament of Vorarlberg.

Rüscher is married, has three sons and lives in Andelsbuch in the Bregenz Forest.

## Education and profession

Born Martina Valentini, she was born in 1972 in Innsbruck and grew up in Landeck in Tyrol. From 1986 to 1991, she attended the College for Economic Occupations in Innsbruck and graduated there. From 1991 to 1993, she also studied at the Economic and Foreign Language Academy of the University of Salzburg.

Starting in 1993, Rüscher worked at the Handl Tyrol company in Pians, where Rüscher was involved in export of office staff. From 1995 to 1996, she was subsequently head of the purchasing department at Art Verlag in Innsbruck. In 1996, she married physiotherapist Michael Rüscher in Innsbruck and moved to Andelsbuch in the Bregenzerwald. At the same time, she took a new job at the Zumtobel Staff GmbH in Dornbirn, where she was working as an assistant in marketing communication. In 1998, Rüscher finally formed her independent company, and subsequently founded the company VIA3 Communications in 2003.

In 2010, Rüscher obtained certifications to become a project manager, and in 2012 she completed her academic courses in business management. In 2014, she earned her Master of Business Administration degree in General Management Competences at the Danube University Krems. By 2015, she completed university courses in PR and Integrated Communication at the University of Krems.

## Political Work

In 1998, Rüscher joined the Austrian Economic Alliance and thus the Austrian People's Party. She has been a member of the local council in her hometown of Andelsbuch since 2000. Only in the run-up state elections in Vorarlberg in 2014 was her candidacy for the Vorarlberg branch of the Austrian People's Party known. Rüscher eventually won a seat in Parliament in her constituency of Bregenz and was thus first sworn in on 15 October 2014 at the state parliament building. In her 30th legislative period, Rüscher was appointed the area spokeswoman for the ÖVP parliament for health, women and child care.

Since 4 March 2015, Rüscher has been the successor of Greti Schmid as Provincial Director of the Women's Movement in the Vorarlberg branch of the Austrian People's Party. At the state convention of the Vorarlberg branch of the Austrian People's Party on 9 May 2015, Rüscher was voted as one of the deputies of the State Party.


title: You've Got to Earn It

abstract: "You've Got to Earn It" is a 1964 song recorded by the Temptations for the Gordy (Motown) label. It was released as the B-side to their 1965 Top 40 hit "Since I Lost My Baby", and was also able to chart on its own, peaking at number 23 on the Billboard Bubbling Under Hot 100 Pop Charts. On Billboard's R&B singles chart, "You've Got to Earn It" peaked at number 22. It was written by Miracles lead singer Smokey Robinson, who also was the song’s producer, and the group’s main guitarist, Cornelius Grant. Grant did not play guitar on the song as he was out on tour during the recording session. Cash Box described it as a "rhythmic, hand-clappin’ happy-go-lucky romancer."

text:
# You've Got to Earn It

"**You've Got to Earn It**" is a 1964 song recorded by the Temptations for the Gordy (Motown) label. It was released as the B-side to their 1965 Top 40 hit "Since I Lost My Baby", and was also able to chart on its own, peaking at number 23 on the *Billboard* Bubbling Under Hot 100 Pop Charts. On *Billboard*'s R&B singles chart, "You've Got to Earn It" peaked at number 22. It was written by Miracles lead singer Smokey Robinson, who also was the song’s producer, and the group’s main guitarist, Cornelius Grant. Grant did not play guitar on the song as he was out on tour during the recording session.

*Cash Box* described it as a "rhythmic, hand-clappin’ happy-go-lucky romancer."

## Personnel

## Chart history

| Chart (1965) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| U.S. *Billboard* Bubbling Under the Hot 100 | 123 |
| U.S. Billboard R&B Singles | 22 |
|

## InfoBox

| "You've Got to Earn It" | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by The Temptations | |
| from the album  *The Temptin' Temptations* | |
| A-side | "Since I Lost My Baby" |
| Released | June 1, 1965 |
| Recorded | Hitsville USA (Studio A);
June 12 and August 18, 1964 |
| Genre | Soul |
| Length | 2:42 |
| Label | Gordy
G 7043 |
| Songwriter(s) | Smokey Robinson
Cornelius Grant |
| Producer(s) | Smokey Robinson |
| The Temptations singles chronology | |
| "It's Growing"
(1965) "Since I Lost My Baby" / "**You've Got to Earn It**"
(1965) "My Baby" / "Don't Look Back"
(1965) | |


title: TMEM144

abstract: Transmembrane Protein 144 (TMEM144) is a protein in humans encoded by the TMEM144 gene.

text:
# TMEM144

**Transmembrane Protein 144** (TMEM144) is a protein in humans encoded by the *TMEM144* gene.

## Gene

*Transmembrane Protein 144* is located on the plus strand of chromosome 4 (4q32.1), spanning a total of 40,857 base pairs. The *TMEM144* gene transcribes a mRNA sequence 3,210 nucleotides in length and composed of 13 exons.

## Protein

There exist two isoforms of human Transmembrane Protein 144. Isoform one consist of 345 amino acids with a total mass of 37.6 kDa. This isoform has a theoretical isoelectric point of 6.63. The second isoform is 169 amino acids long with a mass of 18.3 kDa.

### Expression

TMEM144 is over-expressed in adult brain tissue with low regional specificity. TMEM144 appears enriched in oligodendrocytes and immune cells, such as dendritic cells and monocytes.

### Cellular Localization

Precise cell localization has multiple predicted locations. Localization tools state TMEM144 is likely found in the plasma membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, Lysosome/Vacuole, or Golgi apparatus. However, an immunofluorescent staining of various human cell lines display localization to the mitochondria.

### Post Translational Modifications

There exists five predicted post translational modifications for TMEM144, including four sites of phosphorylation and a sumoylation site.

### Interacting Proteins

Several proteins have been observed to be physically associated with TMEM144, including Transmembrane Protein 237, Homocysteine-Responsive Endoplasmic Reticulum-Resident Ubiquitin-Like Domain Member 2 Protein, Translocase of Inner Mitochondrial Membrane Domain-Containing Protein 1, Free Fatty Acid Receptor 2, Aquaporin 6, Serine Rich Single-Pass Membrane Protein 1, and Adrenoceptor Beta 2.

## Homology

Transmembrane Protein 144 arose approximately 694 million years ago in desert locust. It can be found in both vertebrates and invertebrates. It takes TMEM144 approximately 6.8 million years to make a 1% change to its amino acid sequence, indicating a moderately low rate of evolution.

### Ortholog Table

| Genus and Species | Common Name | Taxonomic Class | Median Date of Divergence (MYA) | Accession # | Sequence Length (aa) | Sequence Identity (%) | Sequence Similarity (%) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *Homo Sapiens* | Human | Mammalia | 0 | NP\_060812.2 | 345 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| *Carlito syrichta* | Philippine tarsier | Mammalia | 69 | XP\_012639059.1 | 345 | 94.2 | 97.4 |
| *Mus musculus* | House mouse | Mammalia | 87 | NP\_001366471.1 | 348 | 85.9 | 92.2 |
| *Trichosurus vulpecula* | Brushtail possum | Mammalia | 160 | XP\_036620586.1 | 349 | 77.7 | 90.3 |
| *Chelydra serpentina* | Snapping turtle | Reptilia | 319 | KAG6931534.1 | 358 | 67.0 | 84.1 |
| *Gallus gallus* | Red junglefowl | Aves | 319 | XP\_420383.2 | 357 | 66.9 | 82.6 |
| *Zootoca vivipara* | Viviparous lizard | Reptilia | 319 | XP\_034969125.1 | 360 | 65.9 | 82.3 |
| *Rana temporaria* | Common frog | Amphibia | 353 | XP\_040188243.1 | 358 | 64.2 | 81.0 |
| *Protopterus annectens* | West African lungfish | Dipnoi | 408 | XP\_043918387.1 | 407 | 56.4 | 69.6 |
| *Latimeria chalumnae* | African coelacanth | Coelacanthi | 414 | XP\_014346971.1 | 407 | 56.0 | 71.6 |
| *Danio rerio* | Zebrafish | Actinopterygii | 431 | NP\_001005983.1 | 380 | 50.0 | 64.8 |
| *Amblyraja radiata* | Thorny skate | Chondrichthyes | 464 | XP\_032874310.1 | 486 | 45.7 | 58.4 |
| *Branchiostoma lanceolatum* | European lancelet | Leptocardii | 556 | CAH1267272.1 | 402 | 44.1 | 58.8 |
| *Petromyzon marinus* | Sea lamprey | Hyperoartia | 599 | XP\_032811478.1 | 396 | 50.1 | 64.9 |
| *Ciona intestinalis* | Vase tunicate | Ascidiacea | 603 | XP\_026696612.1 | 395 | 46.6 | 59.2 |
| *Strongylocentrotus purpuratus* | Purple sea urchin | Echinoidea | 619 | XP\_030836295.1 | 363 | 46.8 | 64.7 |
| *Echinococcus multilocularis* | Cyclophyllid tapeworm | Cestoda | 694 | CDS37915.1 | 351 | 41.0 | 59.8 |
| *Caenorhabditis elegans* | Roundworm | Chromadorea | 694 | NP\_498062.2 | 345 | 38.7 | 56.0 |
| *Mytilus edulis* | Blue mussel | Bivalvia | 694 | CAG2251154.1 | 385 | 36.0 | 52.0 |
| *Schistocerca gregaria* | Desert locust | Insecta | 694 | XP\_049849104.1 | 278 | 25.6 | 44.1 |

## Clinical Significance

*Transmembrane Protein 144* is predicted to be a direct or indirect negative regulator of kisspeptin. High expression of *TMEM144* is prognostically favorable for patient with endometrial cancer. Whereas in patients with pancreatic cancer, high expression of *TMEM144* is associated with poor prognostic outcomes.


title: Papaipema sulphurata

abstract: The water-willow stem borer or Decodon stem borer moth is a moth of the family Noctuidae. Its larvae tunnel into the stems of the water-willow plant. It is endemic to Massachusetts in the United States of America.

text:
# Papaipema sulphurata

The **water-willow stem borer** or **Decodon stem borer moth** (***Papaipema sulphurata***) is a moth of the family Noctuidae. Its larvae tunnel into the stems of the water-willow plant (*Decodon verticillatus*). It is endemic to Massachusetts in the United States of America.

## Description

The water-willow stem borer is a robustly built moth with a greyish hairy body. It has a wingspan varying from 32 to 38 millimetres. The forewings are buff or straw-coloured, darker at the base and in the peripheral region which is separated by a narrow dark band. There are a number of roughly circular spots which are a pale ochre colour, outlined in brown. The hind wings are an orangish tan colour. The adults can be seen flying in September and October.

## Habitat

This moth is narrowly endemic to southeast Massachusetts, Martha's Vineyard and the Nantucket Islands. It is found in wetland areas where the water-willow (*Decodon verticillatus*) grows. Water-willow can be found in swampland, ditches and in shallow water at the edges of ponds, lakes and streams. It often forms tangled clumps and occurs from Maine to Florida and west to Minnesota, Tennessee and Louisiana.

## Life history

The adult female lays eggs on the stems of water-willow in September and October. These hatch in the spring and the larvae tunnel into the stem. Here they grow, moulting several times, feeding on the vascular tissue of the plant and creating galleries. They pupate in August or September, undergo metamorphosis and emerge as adults within a month.

## InfoBox

| Water-willow stem borer | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Imperiled  (NatureServe) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Noctuidae |
| Genus: | *Papaipema* |
| Species: | ***P. sulphurata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Papaipema sulphurata***
Bird, 1926 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Papaipema cataphracta* var. *sulphurata* Bird, 1926 | |


title: Oraeosoma

abstract: Oraeosoma is a genus of flies in the family Tachinidae.

text:
# Oraeosoma

***Oraeosoma*** is a genus of flies in the family Tachinidae.

## Species

## Distribution

Chile.

## InfoBox

| *Oraeosoma* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Tachinidae |
| Subfamily: | Tachininae |
| Tribe: | Leskiini |
| Genus: | *Oraeosoma*
Cortés, 1976 |
|
| Type species | |
| *Oraeosoma proboscideum*
Cortés, 1976 | |


title: Libor Hudáček

abstract: Libor Hudáček is a Slovak ice hockey player currently under contract with HC Oceláři Třinec of the Czech Extraliga (ELH). He is the younger brother of Július Hudáček, who is a goaltender.

text:
# Libor Hudáček

**Libor Hudáček** (Slovak pronunciation: \[ˈlibɔr ˈɦudaːtʂek\]; born 7 September 1990) is a Slovak ice hockey player currently under contract with HC Oceláři Třinec of the Czech Extraliga (ELH). He is the younger brother of Július Hudáček, who is a goaltender.

## Playing career

Hudáček began playing junior ice hockey in the HK Spišská Nová Ves. He was a member of the HK Orange 20 project in the 2009–10 season, overall playing 23 games. Rest of the season, he played for the HC Slovan Bratislava. In the 2010–11 season he overall played 55 games and earned 24 points for Slovan. In the next season, he scored the winning goal in the 7th playoffs final game against HC Košice and won the Slovak Extraliga title.

After two seasons with HC Bílí Tygři Liberec in the Czech Extraliga (ELH), Hudáček returned to the KHL as a free agent, signing a one-year contract with Neftekhimik Nizhnekamsk on 21 May 2020.

On 24 February 2021, Hudacek joined Lausanne HC of the National League (NL) on a one-year deal through the end of the 2020–21 season. He hurt his leg in a game against EHC Biel on March 9, 2021, which required surgery, forcing him to sit out the remainder of the season.

On 31 July 2022, Hudáček opted to return to the Czech Republic as a free agent and signed a three-year contract with HC Oceláři Třinec of the ELH.

## International play

| Medal record | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Men's Ice hockey | | |
| Representing  Slovakia | | |
| Olympic Games | | |
|  | 2022 Beijing |  |
| World Championships | | |
|  | 2012 Finland/Sweden |  |

Hudáček participated at the 2008 IIHF World U18 Championships and the 2010 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships. He played for Slovakia at the 2012 IIHF World Championship, earning 5 points in 10 games. He won the silver medal at the 2012 World Championship.

## Career statistics

### Regular season and playoffs

|  | | |  | Regular season | | | | |  | Playoffs | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Season | Team | League | | GP |  |  | Pts | PIM | | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |

### International

| Year | Team | Event | Result |  | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2008 | Slovakia | U18 | 7th | | 6 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 8 |
| 2010 | Slovakia | WJC | 8th | | 6 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| 2012 | Slovakia | WC |  | | 10 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 0 |
| 2013 | Slovakia | WC | 8th | | 8 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
| 2015 | Slovakia | WC | 9th | | 7 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 4 |
| 2016 | Slovakia | WC | 9th | | 7 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 6 |
| 2017 | Slovakia | WC | 14th | | 7 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 6 |
| 2019 | Slovakia | WC | 9th | | 5 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 4 |
| 2021 | Slovakia | OGQ | Q | | 3 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 2 |
| 2022 | Slovakia | OG |  | | 7 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
| Junior totals | | | | | 12 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 10 |
| Senior totals | | | | | 54 | 12 | 16 | 28 | 30 |

## InfoBox

| Libor Hudáček | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Hudáček in 2023 | | | |
| Born | (1990-09-07) 7 September 1990
Levoča, Czechoslovakia | | |
| Height | 5 ft 9 in (175 cm) | | |
| Weight | 172 lb (78 kg; 12 st 4 lb) | | |
| Position | Forward | | |
| Shoots | Right | | |
| ELH team
Former teams | *HC Oceláři Třinec*
HK Spišská Nová Ves
HC Slovan Bratislava
HK Orange 20
HC '05 Banská Bystrica
Örebro HK
Färjestad BK
HC Bílí Tygři Liberec
Neftekhimik Nizhnekamsk
Lausanne HC
HC Izhstal
HC Lugano
Dinamo Minsk | | |
| National team | Slovakia | | |
| Playing career | 2009present | | |


title: Trygław (glacial erratic)

abstract: Trygław is the largest glacial erratic in Poland and one of the largest in Europe. It is located in the town of Tychowo, in Gmina Tychowo, Białogard County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship in north-western Poland. It is located in the local cemetery. The boulder's circumference is about 50 metres (160 ft), length 16 metres (52 ft), width 11 metres (36 ft), height 7.8 metres (26 ft), volume about 860 m⁳, estimated weight about 2000 tons. The erratic, made of dark gray gneiss, was transported from Scandinavia by the ice sheet during the last glaciation, probably from the vicinity of Vidbo or Uppsala (Sweden). There are clearly visible scratches on the surface – traces of dragging by the ice sheet. Numerous local legends are associated with the boulder; the name is said to come from god Triglav, whose golden statue is said to be buried under the boulder. In two places, the stone, when struck, makes a dull sound. On the first Sunday of 1874, German residents erected a wooden cross with a figure of the crucified Christ on it. The figure is the work of sculptor Wilhelm Achtermann, and was cast in a Berlin iron foundry by Moritz Geiß. Under the cross, there is a board with a quatrain, founded by Hans Hugo von Kleist-Retzow of Kikowo and Hugo von Kleist-Retzow of Tychowo. The author of the quatrain is Hans. The text in English translation is: Idolatry and sin covered the country with darkness before Jesus brought light and life through his death. He put Triglav under a stone, locking him up. And he leads his children into the arms of the Father. Nowadays, every year on All Saints' Day the stone is used as an altar on which mass is celebrated. Since 1954 it has been under legal protection as a natural monument. Since 1996 it has been included in the coat of arms of Tychowo.

text:
# Trygław (glacial erratic)

**Trygław** (IPA: \[trɨg.wav\]) is the largest glacial erratic in Poland and one of the largest in Europe. It is located in the town of Tychowo, in Gmina Tychowo, Białogard County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship in north-western Poland. It is located in the local cemetery.

The boulder's circumference is about 50 metres (160 ft), length 16 metres (52 ft), width 11 metres (36 ft), height 7.8 metres (26 ft) (including 4 metres (13 ft) underground), volume about 860 m3, estimated weight about 2000 tons.

The erratic, made of dark gray gneiss, was transported from Scandinavia by the ice sheet during the last glaciation, probably from the vicinity of Vidbo or Uppsala (Sweden). There are clearly visible scratches on the surface – traces of dragging by the ice sheet.

Numerous local legends are associated with the boulder; the name is said to come from god Triglav, whose golden statue is said to be buried under the boulder. In two places, the stone, when struck, makes a dull sound. On the first Sunday of 1874, German residents erected a wooden cross with a figure of the crucified Christ on it. The figure is the work of sculptor Wilhelm Achtermann, and was cast in a Berlin iron foundry by Moritz Geiß. Under the cross, there is a board with a quatrain, founded by Hans Hugo von Kleist-Retzow of Kikowo and Hugo von Kleist-Retzow of Tychowo. The author of the quatrain is Hans. The text in English translation is:

> Idolatry and sin covered the country with darkness before Jesus brought light and life through his death. He put Triglav under a stone, locking him up. And he leads his children into the arms of the Father.

Nowadays, every year on All Saints' Day the stone is used as an altar on which mass is celebrated.

Since 1954 it has been under legal protection as a natural monument. Since 1996 it has been included in the coat of arms of Tychowo.

## InfoBox

| Trygław | |
| --- | --- |
| IUCN category III (natural monument or feature) | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | Tychowo, Poland |
| Coordinates | 53°55′53.5″N 16°15′38.7″E / 53.931528°N 16.260750°E / 53.931528; 16.260750 |
| Length | 16 metres (52 ft) |
| Width | 11 metres (36 ft) |
| Established | February 20, 1954 |


title: Pauper Children (Ireland) Act 1902

abstract: The Pauper Children (Ireland) Act 1902 was an Act of Parliament of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, given the royal assent on 22 July 1902, and repealed in 1950. It defined the terms "orphan child" and "deserted child" for the purpose of the Pauper Children (Ireland) Act 1898, in the cases of both legitimate and illegitimate children. The Act was repealed in the United Kingdom, where it remained in force in Northern Ireland, by the Children and Young Persons Act 1950.

text:
# Pauper Children (Ireland) Act 1902

The **Pauper Children (Ireland) Act 1902** (2 Edw. 7. c. 16) was an Act of Parliament of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, given the royal assent on 22 July 1902, and repealed in 1950.

It defined the terms "orphan child" and "deserted child" for the purpose of the Pauper Children (Ireland) Act 1898, in the cases of both legitimate and illegitimate children.

The Act was repealed in the United Kingdom, where it remained in force in Northern Ireland, by the Children and Young Persons (Northern Ireland) Act 1950.

* *The Public General Acts Passed in the Second Year of the Reign of His Majesty King Edward the Seventh*. London: printed for His Majesty's Stationery Office. 1902.
* *Chronological table of the statutes*; HMSO, London. 1993.

## InfoBox

Pauper Children (Ireland) Act 1902
| Act of Parliament | |
| --- | --- |
| Parliament of the United Kingdom | |
| Long title | An Act to amend the Pauper Children (Ireland) Act, 1898. |
| Citation | 2 Edw. 7. c. 16 |
| Territorial extent | Ireland |
| Dates | |
| Royal assent | 22 July 1902 |
| Repealed | 1950 |
| Other legislation | |
| Amends | Pauper Children (Ireland) Act 1898 |
| Repealed by | Children and Young Persons (Northern Ireland) Act 1950 |
| Status: Repealed | |


title: Loelia Lindsay

abstract: Loelia Mary, Lady Lindsay, formerly Loelia Grosvenor, Duchess of Westminster,, was a British socialite, needlewoman and magazine editor.

text:
# Loelia Lindsay

**Loelia Mary, Lady Lindsay**, formerly **Loelia Grosvenor, Duchess of Westminster**, (*née* **Ponsonby**; 6 February 1902 – 1 November 1993), was a British socialite, needlewoman and magazine editor.

## Family and first marriage

Lindsay was the only daughter of the courtier Sir Frederick Ponsonby, later 1st Baron Sysonby, and the cookbook author Victoria Ponsonby (née Kennard). She spent her early years at St James's Palace, Park House at Sandringham, and Birkhall. One of the Bright Young People, she met the twice-divorced, 22-years senior, Hugh Grosvenor, 2nd Duke of Westminster. They were married on 20 February 1930 in a blaze of publicity, with Winston Churchill as the best man, but were unable to have children. Her marriage to the enormously wealthy peer was described by James Lees-Milne as "a definition of unadulterated hell". It was dissolved in 1947 after years of separation.

## Life after divorce

After her divorce, Loelia, Duchess of Westminster, established herself as a skilful hostess at Send, Surrey, occupying herself with needlework and gardening, passions she had inherited from her mother. Her needlework collection was bequeathed to the National Trust. During the 1950s she worked as a feature editor for *House & Garden* magazine, and covered the wedding of Prince Rainier III of Monaco and Grace Kelly.

Lindsay is believed to have popularised the aphorism (falsely attributed to Margaret Thatcher): "Anybody seen in a bus over the age of 30 has been a failure in life", which appears to have been coined by poet Brian Howard.

Lindsay's second marriage, to the divorced explorer Sir Martin Lindsay, 1st Baronet, came as a surprise to her friends but was more successful. The couple married on 1 August 1969. Sir Martin, a devoted husband, died in 1981, and Lady Lindsay chose to spend her last years in nursing homes. Her memoirs, written in 1961 and titled *Grace and Favour: The Memoirs of Loelia, Duchess of Westminster*, are a significant record of aristocratic life between the First and Second World Wars.

1. Lees-Milne, James (3 November 1993). "Obituary: Loelia Lindsay". *The Independent*. Retrieved 21 April 2022.
2. "Anne Duchess of Westminster". *The Daily Telegraph*. 4 September 2003. Archived from the original on 9 April 2023.
3. Lady Lindsay of Dowhill
4. Panjwani, Abbas (26 April 2019). "Did Margaret Thatcher say bus users over the age of 25 were failures?". Full Fact. Retrieved 1 April 2020.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| The HonourableLady Lindsay | |
| --- | --- |
| *The Duchess of Westminster* by Glyn Philpot | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Loelia Mary Ponsonby
(1902-02-06)6 February 1902 |
| Died | 1 November 1993(1993-11-01) (aged 91) |
| Nationality | British |
| Spouse(s) | Hugh Grosvenor, 2nd Duke of Westminster  (m. 1930; div. 1947)
Sir Martin Lindsay, 1st Baronet  (m. 1969) |
| Parent(s) | Frederick Ponsonby, 1st Baron Sysonby
Victoria Kennard |
| Occupation | embroiderer, socialite, magazine editor |
|  | |


# List of Compact Disc and DVD copy protection schemes

This is a list of notable CD and DVD copy protection schemes.

For other medias, see List of Copy Protection Schemes.

## Commercial CD protection schemes

CD-Cops Requires the user to enter CD-code (or reads embedded CD-code) that describes geometry of CD to correctly locate data on the disc. SafeDisc (versions 1–5) Adds unique digital signature at the time of manufacturing which is designed to be difficult to copy or transfer so that software is able to detect copied media. SafeCast The encryption key will expire after pre-determined date so the media can be used only temporarily. Also used to implement trial editions of programs. SecuROM Limits the number of PCs activated at the same time from the same key. StarForce Asks for Serial ID at install or startup to verify the license. TAGES Verifies authentic copy by checking existence of "twin sectors" which are sectors with same logical address but different data. However, twin sectors may be hard to read in order to copy but are easy to write.

## Commercial DVD protection schemes

Analog Protection System Adds pulses to analog video signals to negatively impact the AGC circuit of a recording device so the images on copied DVDs become garbled. Sony ARccOS Protection Inserting corrupted sectors in areas where normal players will not access but ripping software does to trigger errors during replication. Burst Cutting Area Writing barcode in circular area near the center of the disc (referred to as burst cutting area) which cannot be written without using special equipment. DVD-Cops See CD-Cops in previous section. DVD region code Restricts region where media can be played by matching region number with configuration flag in DVD players. LaserLock Includes hidden directory on the CD containing corrupted data which will cause errors while being copied. SafeDisc (version 4) See SafeDisc (versions 1-5) in previous section. SecuROM See previous section. TAGES See previous section.

## Commercial Audio CD/DVD protection schemes

Cactus Data Shield Works by intentionally violating Red Book CD Digital Audio standards, such as erroneous disc navigation and corrupted data, preventing successful ripping of the data. However, the original disc itself does not play correctly in some CD/DVD players. Wavy data track Discs' data track is wavy instead of straight, so only discs with the same wavy-shaped data track will be playable. Extended Copy Protection (XCP) Installs software on the computer after agreement to EULA at the first time the media is inserted, and the software will watch for any ripper software trying to access the CD-drive. This copy protection can be defeated simply by using a computer that is not running Microsoft Windows, not using an account with administrative privileges, or preventing the installer from running, and has long since been discontinued due to a public relations disaster caused by the software behaving identically to a rootkit. Key2Audio Another deliberate violation of the Red Book standard intended to make the CD play only on CD players and not on computers by applying bogus data track onto the disc during manufacturing, which CD players will ignore as non-audio tracks. The system could be disabled by tracing the outer edge of a CD with a felt-tip marker. MediaMax CD3 Installs software on the computer that tries to play the media so other software cannot read data directly from audio discs in the CD-ROM drive. Silently installing software on a computer created a controversy about modifying a computer's behaviour without a user's consent.

## Console CD/DVD protection schemes

Dreamcast (GD-ROM) Multiple table of contents (TOC) made normal CD players unable read beyond the first track. However, one could read GD-ROM on CD reader by swapping the disc after reading fake TOC. FADE Creates fake scratches on the disk image which copying programs will automatically try to fix. Instead of alerting the user that the copied disc is detected, the program will play the game in a buggy manner. PlayStation (CD-ROM) The authority pattern pressed on internal circumference of the media, which could not be copied, is used to detect authorized copies. Some titles also use the Libcrypt mechanism to validate the disc by using checksum as magic number to subroutines. PlayStation 2 (CD-ROM, DVD-ROM) A map file that contains all of the exact positions and file size info of the disc is stored at a position that is beyond the file limit. The game calls this place directly so that burned copy with no data beyond file limit cannot be played. PSP (Universal Media Disc) Since no blank media or writer exists, the media itself cannot be copied, but one could make ISO image (a file version of the UMD) on a memory card. The unique format also made the media expensive and difficult to adapt. Xbox (DVD) Two sets of media descriptors are used. Initially, and on typical DVD-ROM drives, only a short partition containing a brief DVD Video can be seen. The lead-out section of the disk stores a second set of media descriptors describing the bounds of the main partition. It also contains a partially-encrypted "security sector" used for further authentication. The lead-out area is not typically directly accessible with consumer DVD-ROM hardware. Furthermore, the key for the security sector is located in the sector's raw header. This header information, unlike the raw headers of CD-ROM disks, is not accessible by default on nearly all DVD-ROM drives. Additional "challenges" are implemented in the security sector through a table, with more challenge types added over the lifespan of Xbox and Xbox 360. These include, as an example from their earliest form, checks for unreadable sectors in predetermined ranges.


title: Martin Hammerich

abstract: Martin Johannes Hammerich was a Danish art historian, educator, author, and translator. He was part of the National Liberal movement and a member of the 1848 Danish Constituent Assembly. He was headmaster of Borgerdydskolerne from 1842 to 1867.

text:
# Martin Hammerich

**Martin Johannes Hammerich** (4 December 1811 – 20 September 1881) was a Danish art historian, educator, author, and translator. He was part of the National Liberal movement and a member of the 1848 Danish Constituent Assembly. He was headmaster of Borgerdydskolerne from 1842 to 1867.

## Early life and education

Hammerich was born in Copenhagen, the son of merchant Johannes Hammerich (1777–1852) and Meta Magdalena Adolph (1777–1823). He was the brother of theologian and historian Frederik Hammerich (1809–1877) and the father of engineer Holger Hammerich (1845–1915).

He grew up in a wealthy home, graduating from Borgerdydskolerne in Christianshavn in 1828. He then enrolled at the University of Copenhagen where he won the 2nd prize for a paper on freedmen in Ancient Rome before graduating in theology in 1833. He obtained a master's degree in 1836 with a thesis on the Ragnarok myth and its role in Old Norse religion. It was the first thesis written in Danish at the university. He had pointed out the unreasonableness of treating a Nordic subject in Latin in an application and was granted a dispensation despite King Frederik VI's concerns.

## Travels and early academic career

Hammerich's primary interests were philology and mythology, from Iceland to India. After his thesis, he went abroad to continue his studies. He initially traveled to the University of Bonn to study Sanskrit under professor August Wilhelm Schlegel (1767–1845) and later continued to Oxford University where he studied under English orientalist Horace Hayman Wilson (1786–1860). His next journey abroad, in 1838, took him to France, Italy, and Greece.

After his return to Denmark, he was a co-founder of the Liberal Student Society (*Studentersamfund*) alongside Carl Ploug (1813–1894), Andreas Frederik Krieger (1817–1893), Ditlev Gothard Monrad (1811–1887) and others, briefly serving as its chairman. It was already shot down by the university board (*Consistorium*) in 1840. From 1841–1844, he was employed as acting docent in Sanskrit at the University. His interest in Ancient Indian culture had been inspired by reading *Sacontalá or The Fatal Ring* as translated by Danish consul Hans West (1758-1811). In 1845, influenced by an improved version by Sanskrit scholar Otto von Böhtlingk (1815–1904), Hammerich published a Danish-language translation entitled *Sacontala eller den uheldige Ring*.

## Educator

After the death of Niels Bygum Krarup in 1842, Hammerich was appointed as the new headmaster of Borgerdydskolerne, his old school in Christianshavn. He stayed in the position for 25 years. As a member of a school commission and through numerous articles, he had a significant impact on Johan Nicolai Madvig (1804–1886) and the reorganization of the secondary school system in 1850.

## Politics

Hammerich was part of the Scandinavian movement. He was a co-founder of the Scandinavian Society (*Skandinavisk selskab*) in 1843 and the Nordic Literary History Society (*Nordisk literatur-samfund* in 1847 and Nordic University Journal (*Nordisk Universitetstidskrift in Scandinavism*) in 1854. He was a board member of the Swedish Letterstedtka Association (*Letterstedtska föreningen*) from 1876.

Hammerich was elected to Roskilde Provincial Assembly (*Roskilde Stænderforsamling*) and a member of the Danish Constituent Assembly elected in Copenhagen's 1st District.

## Publisher and writer

Hammerich and G. Rode published *Aandelige Sjunge-Chor* by Bishop Thomas Kingo (1634–1703). He also contributed to a book on Ludvig Holberg and wrote a small book on Danish and Norwegian literature as well as *Evalds Levnet* (1860), the biography of dramatist Johannes Ewald (1743–1781). He also wrote a book on the oeuvre of sculptor Bertel Thorvaldsen (1770–1844) posthumously published as *Om Fremstillingens Kunst i Retning af det almeenlæselige* (1881). His speeches, lectures and articles have been published in the five-volume *Smaaskrifter om Cultur og Undervisning* (1866–1882).

## Personal life

Hammerich married Anna Mathea Aagaard (16 June 1820 – 28 February 1904), daughter of Holger Halling Aagaard (1785–1866) and Marie Koes (1790–1858) on 3 December 1841. The family lived at Wildersgade 5 in Christianshavn from 1844. He became a knight of the Order of the Dannebrog in 1856.

He inherited the estate Iselingen in Vordingborg from his father-in-law in 1867. He died on the estate on 20 September 1881. He is buried at Ørslev Cemetery. The headstone was designed by Thorvald Bindesbøll and features a portrait relief by Vilhelm Bissen.

## Selected works

## Other sources

* Jesper Brandt Andersen (2011) *Martin Hammerich – kunst og dannelse i Guldalderen* (Forlaget Vandkunsten) ISBN 978-87-7695-266-2

## InfoBox

| Martin Hammerich | |
| --- | --- |
| Martin Hammerich by Jørgen Roed (1855) | |
| Born | (1811-12-04)4 December 1811
Copenhagen, Denmark |
| Died | 20 September 1881(1881-09-20) (aged 69)
Iselingen, Denmark |
| Nationality | Danish |
| Occupation(s) | Scholar and educator |


title: Yochanan Muffs

abstract: Yochanan Muffs was an American professor of the Bible and religion at the Jewish Theological Seminary in New York City.

text:
# Yochanan Muffs

**Yochanan Muffs** (June 3, 1932 - December 6, 2009) was an American professor of the Bible and religion at the Jewish Theological Seminary in New York City.

## Biography

Muffs grew up in a Conservative Jewish home in Flushing, Queens. His parents were Barney and Mary Muffs. Muffs had one sister, Civia, an artist. He did his undergraduate degree in Humanities at Queens College and studied for the rabbinate at the Jewish Theological Seminary, where he began teaching in 1954. He pursued his Ph.D. in Near Eastern studies at the University of Pennsylvania.

Muffs married Yocheved Herschlag in 1970. He succumbed to Parkinson's disease, from which he suffered for many decades.

## Academic career

Muffs made major contributions in biblical studies, Semitic languages, the history of the ancient Near East, and Jewish religion and thought. He strove to reach an understanding of biblical text through comparative philological study. His first book, *Studies in the Aramaic Legal Papyri from Elephantine*, published in 1969, has been described as a "watershed work." Muffs analyzed legal documents from a colony of Jewish families in fifth century BCE, using comparative evidence from Mesopotamian, Egyptian, Jewish and other legal sources to further understanding of life in those days. David Hartman, founder of the Shalom Hartman Institute in Jerusalem, described Muffs as a "master of midrashic analysis whose rich theological imagination reveals the gripping realism of the biblical God and the intensity of God's relationship to human history." In *Love and Joy: Law, Language and Religion in Ancient Israel*, Muffs writes about the core task of the prophet in the Israelite tradition: The Israelite prophet is given explicit directions from God, but is also "an independent advocate...attempting to mitigate the severity of the decree." In his review of *The Personhood of God,* Bishop Krister Stendahl of Harvard Divinity School says the book "embraces unashamedly the ways the Bible pictures God as a person with all the traits of human psychology and even anatomy...and shows convincingly how it enriches both faith and theology, not least by liberating the readers from the stultifying literal readings of the sacred texts."

Muffs was a fellow of the American Academy of Jewish Research.

## Ideas

In his essay "Who Will Stand in the Breach?" Muffs explores the role of the biblical prophet, whom he describes as a scolder but also a defender of the people. In the Old Testament, when God wants to destroy Israel for creating the golden calf, Moses confronts God. When Samuel is ordered to divest Saul of his kingship, he appeals to God all night. According to Muffs, intimacy with God means standing up to God.

In the *Personhood of God,* Muffs studies the anthropomorphic evolution of God, from creator of the cosmos to God the father, God the husband, God the king, God the "chess-player," and God the ultimate master. The book further examines how expressions of divine power, divine will and divine love in the Bible have impacted on the contemporary human condition.

## Published works

* *Studies in the Aramaic Legal Papyri from Elephantine*
* *Love and Joy: Law, Language, and Religion in Ancient Israel*
* *The Personhood of God: Biblical Theology, Human Faith And the Divine Image* ISBN 978-1-58023-338-5


title: TMEM150

abstract: Transmembrane protein 150A is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the TMEM150A gene.

text:
# TMEM150

**Transmembrane protein 150A** is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the *TMEM150A* gene.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| TMEM150A | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Identifiers | | | |
| Aliases | TMEM150A, TM6P1, TMEM150, transmembrane protein 150A, TTN1 | | |
| External IDs | OMIM: 616757; MGI: 2385244; HomoloGene: 16378; GeneCards: TMEM150A; OMA:TMEM150A - orthologs | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
| Orthologs  Species **Human** **Mouse**  Entrez   Ensembl   UniProt   RefSeq (mRNA)     NM\_001031738
NM\_153342
NM\_001369917   NM\_144916   RefSeq (protein)     NP\_001026908
NP\_699173
NP\_001356846   NP\_659165   Location (UCSC) Chr 2: 85.6 – 85.6 Mb Chr 6: 72.33 – 72.34 Mb  PubMed search | | | |
| Wikidata | | | |
| View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse | | | |


title: Open Media Network

abstract: The Open Media Network (OMN) was a P2PTV service and application which provided distribution of educational and public service programs. The network was founded in 2005 by Netscape pioneers Mike Homer and Marc Andreessen. After operating for an extended beta period, development ended with the serious illness and subsequent death in 2009 of founder Homer. The OMN network operated as a large, centrally controlled grid network for the distribution of free radio and TV content over P2P, described as "part TiVo, part BitTorrent file swapping". The Open Media Network client application was available for Apple Mac OS X and Microsoft Windows. The OMN infrastructure was powered by Kontiki grid network technology, a commercial alternative to BitTorrent. The U.S. Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) launched a "download to own" initiative with OMN and Google which allowed viewers to purchase episodes of popular PBS programs via the Internet for viewing anytime, anywhere. The fees for downloading videos ranged from about $2 to about $8 (U.S.). Video files were made available in whatever format the producer chose, including WMV, QuickTime and Google's GVI format.

text:
# Open Media Network

The **Open Media Network** (OMN) was a P2PTV service and application which provided distribution of educational and public service programs. The network was founded in 2005 by Netscape pioneers Mike Homer and Marc Andreessen. After operating for an extended beta period, development ended with the serious illness and subsequent death in 2009 of founder Homer.

The OMN network operated as a large, centrally controlled grid network for the distribution of free radio and TV content over P2P, described as "part TiVo, part BitTorrent file swapping". The Open Media Network client application was available for Apple Mac OS X (but not Intel based Macs as of October 2007) and Microsoft Windows (XP and 2000, but not Vista as of October 2007).

The OMN infrastructure was powered by Kontiki grid network technology, a commercial alternative to BitTorrent.

The U.S. Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) launched a "download to own" initiative with OMN and Google which allowed viewers to purchase episodes of popular PBS programs via the Internet for viewing anytime, anywhere. The fees for downloading videos ranged from about $2 to about $8 (U.S.). Video files were made available in whatever format the producer chose, including WMV, QuickTime and Google's GVI format.


title: Lightspeed (album)

abstract: Lightspeed is the debut album by the Dutch rock band Destine. It was released February 1, 2010, and January 29, 2010, on iTunes. Prior to the release of the album, seven of the twelve songs were released on the singles "Stars" and "In Your Arms".

text:
# Lightspeed (album)

***Lightspeed*** is the debut album by the Dutch rock band Destine. It was released February 1, 2010, and January 29, 2010, on iTunes. Prior to the release of the album, seven of the twelve songs were released on the singles "Stars" and "In Your Arms".

## Track listing

All lyrics are written by Robin van Loenen; all music is composed by Robin van Loenen, Hubrecht Eversdijk, Laurens Troost, Tom Vorstius Kruijff, and Robin Faas, except where noted.

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "In Your Arms" | Bart Voncken/Robin Van Loenen | 3:25 |
| 2. | "Everything in Me" | Robin Van Loenen | 2:37 |
| 3. | "Burn" | Robin Van Loenen | 3:06 |
| 4. | "Stars" | Robin Van Loenen | 3:07 |
| 5. | "Where Are You Now?" | Robin Van Loenen | 2:53 |
| 6. | "Spiders" | Robin Van Loenen | 3:40 |
| 7. | "Forget About Me" | Robin Van Loenen | 3:12 |
| 8. | "Wake Me" | Robin Van Loenen | 3:45 |
| 9. | "Sinking Sand" | Robin Van Loenen | 2:57 |
| 10. | "Am I So Blind?" | Robin Van Loenen | 3:32 |
| 11. | "California Summer" | Robin Van Loenen | 3:56 |
| 12. | "In the End" | Robin Van Loenen | 5:29 |
| Total length: | | | 41:45 |

### Bonus tracks

*Japanese bonus tracks'*
| No. | Title | Music | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 13. | "Down (Jay Sean cover)" | K. Jhooti, D. Carter, J-Remy, Bobby Bass, Jared Cotter & J Perkins | 3:19 |
| 14. | "Night Skies (Demo)" | Robin Van Loenen | 3:30 |
| 15. | "The Disappointment (Remix)" | Robin Van Loenen | 3:03 |

## Personnel

## Charts

Album

| Chart (2010) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Netherlands Album Charts | 22 |

Singles

| Year | Song | Chart | Position |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2009 | In Your Arms | Dutch Single Top 100 | 77 |
| | Stars | Dutch Single Top 100 | 76 |
| 2010 | Spiders | Dutch Single Top 100 | 62 |
| | Down | Dutch Single Top 100 | 78 |

## Release history

| Region | Date | Label |
| --- | --- | --- |
| iTunes Store | January 29, 2010 | Sony Music |
| Europe | February 1, 2010 | Sony Music |
| Japan | August 3, 2011 | Kick Rock Music |
|

## InfoBox

| Lightspeed | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Destine | |
| Released | February 1, 2010 |
| Recorded | 2008–2009 at Wisner Studios, St. Cloud, Florida. |
| Genre | Alternative rock, pop punk |
| Length | 41:45 |
| Label | Sony Music |
| Producer | James Paul Wisner |
| Destine chronology | |
| *A Dozen Dreams EP*
(2006) ***Lightspeed***
(2010) *Illuminate*
(2012) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Lightspeed* | |
| 1. "In Your Arms"
Released: May 8, 2009 2. "Stars"
Released: August 14, 2009 3. "Spiders"
Released: January 15, 2010 4. "Down"
Released: October 1, 2010 | |
|  | |


title: Trøjborg

abstract: Trøjborg is a neighborhood in the city of Aarhus, Denmark in Skt. Johannes parish with about 11,000 residents as of 2015. The neighborhood is part of the district Aarhus N and borders the neighborhoods Nørre Stenbro to the South West, Risskov to the North and Riis Skov and the Bay of Aarhus to the East. Trøjborg is delimited by the streets Dronning Margrethesvej, Trøjborgvej and Nordre Ringgade.

text:
# Trøjborg

**Trøjborg** is a neighborhood in the city of Aarhus, Denmark in Skt. Johannes parish with about 11,000 residents as of 2015. The neighborhood is part of the district Aarhus N and borders the neighborhoods Nørre Stenbro to the South West, Risskov to the North and Riis Skov and the Bay of Aarhus to the East. Trøjborg is delimited by the streets Dronning Margrethesvej, Trøjborgvej and Nordre Ringgade.

## Etymology

Trøjborg, formerly Troyæborg, is used to denote buildings and areas in several places in Denmark. The name originates from the labyrinth at the castle of the classical Troy and is often used to name places that are naturally labyrinthine. In the case of Aarhus, the name is first seen in a document from 1632 mentioning Trøjborgbæk and again in 1758 when a garden called Trøjborg beyond the city gate at Mejlgade was sold. The name is likely a reference to the hilly landscape around Riis Skov.

## History

The neighborhood developed as a working-class district in response to rapid population growth resulting from industrialization in the early 20th century. The area originally consisted of grazing land for the cattle of the city but in 1851 the city walls around Aarhus were dismantled opening the lands for development. In 1880, the large graveyard Nordre Kirkegård was established and the lands north of the graveyard were parceled and sold off to developers. Trøjborg was gradually developed in stages, with the first 5,000 apartments being built from 1896 to 1902 and the last between 1928 and 1937.

## Outline

Trøjborg's architecture is mixed. Large villas, industrial sites and some apartments were constructed in the late 19th century, and in the 1930s, the area was fully developed with city blocks and organized city planning. The streets in the neighborhood are named after notable Danish naval officers such as Niels Juel, Steen Bille and Herluf Trolle; the main street is named after Danish-Norwegian Tordenskjold.

Trøjborg is characterized from other neighborhoods and districts in Aarhus by a well-developed local community separate from the rest of Midtbyen. The neighborhood has some 100 stores and shops, a cinema, the Trøjborg Centret mall, a local community organization, a local radio station, and a building that offers various recreational activities and facilities.

56°10′23″N 10°12′54″E / 56.173°N 10.2151°E / 56.173; 10.2151

## InfoBox

| Trøjborg | |
| --- | --- |
| Neighborhood | |
| Trøjborg. The street of *Trøjborgvej* roughly marks the southern limits of this neighbourhood. | |
| Trøjborg | |
| Coordinates: 56°10′23″N 10°12′54″E / 56.173°N 10.2151°E / 56.173; 10.2151 | |
| Country | Kingdom of Denmark |
| Regions of Denmark | Central Denmark Region |
| Municipality | Aarhus Municipality |
| District | Aarhus N |
| Population | |
| Total | c. 11,000 |
| Postal code | 8200 |


title: Paul Hunt (gymnast)

abstract: Paul Hunt is an American gymnastics coach, and gymnastics clown. Hunt has performed comedic women's gymnastics routines, including the uneven bars, floor exercises, and the balance beam since 1980. He has performed on US and international television, including Wide World of Sports and America's Funniest Videos. He was born in Illinois and now lives in Murray, Utah. For over thirty years, he ran Hunt's Gymnastics Academy in Salt Lake City until it closed at the end of December 2020 due to lost revenue from the COVID-19 pandemic. With the closure of his academy he decided to retire. Hunt was a competitive men's gymnast at the University of Illinois in the early 1970s. He won the Big Ten Conference individual championship in the floor exercise in 1971, and had another win in the floor exercise in 1973. He was the 1972 U.S. National Floor Exercise champion. Hunt started coaching gymnastics in Utah in 1974. While demonstrating a backflip for a female student, he realized the comic value of a man performing women's gymnastics. He performed his complex routines during gymnastics competitions for comic relief, wearing a skirted leotard and often calling himself Paulina Huntescu, Pauletta Huntenova, Paulette Huntinova or some similar variation.

text:
# Paul Hunt (gymnast)

**Paul Hunt** is an American gymnastics coach, and gymnastics clown. Hunt has performed comedic women's gymnastics routines, including the uneven bars, floor exercises, and the balance beam since 1980. He has performed on US and international television, including *Wide World of Sports* and *America's Funniest Videos*.

He was born in Illinois and now lives in Murray, Utah. For over thirty years, he ran **Hunt's Gymnastics Academy** (a.k.a. **Hunt's Gym**) in Salt Lake City until it closed at the end of December 2020 due to lost revenue from the COVID-19 pandemic. With the closure of his academy he decided to retire.

Hunt was a competitive men's gymnast at the University of Illinois in the early 1970s. He won the Big Ten Conference individual championship in the floor exercise in 1971, and had another win in the floor exercise in 1973. He was the 1972 U.S. National Floor Exercise champion.

Hunt started coaching gymnastics in Utah in 1974. While demonstrating a backflip for a female student, he realized the comic value of a man performing women's gymnastics. He performed his complex routines during gymnastics competitions for comic relief, wearing a skirted leotard and often calling himself **Paulina Huntescu**, **Pauletta Huntenova**, **Paulette Huntinova** or some similar variation.


title: Loekoesia

abstract: Loekoesia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It contains three species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichens. Collectively, the genus occurs in South Korea, Mauritius, and the United States. The genus is distinguished by its grey, crust-like thallus, which can be either whole or divided into patch-like segments. Loekoesia lichens have bright white, rounded soralia, which produce bluish to whitish powdery propagules (soredia) and are arranged in irregular groups on the thallus.

text:
# Loekoesia

***Loekoesia*** is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It contains three species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichens. Collectively, the genus occurs in South Korea, Mauritius, and the United States. The genus is distinguished by its grey, crust-like thallus, which can be either whole or divided into patch-like segments. *Loekoesia* lichens have bright white, rounded soralia, which produce bluish to whitish powdery propagules (soredia) and are arranged in irregular groups on the thallus.

## Taxonomy

*Loekoesia* was circumscribed as a new genus in 2015 by the lichenologists Sergey Kondratyuk, Soon-Ok Oh, and Jae-Seoun Hur. The type species, *Loekoesia austrocoreana*, was shown with molecular phylogenetics to form a clade with *Jasonhuria*, another genus in the subfamily Caloplacoideae that was also circumscribed in the same publication. It was initially the sole species in the then monotypic genus, but two additional species were transferred from other genera (*Caloplaca* and *Lecanora*) in 2020. The genus name honours the Hungarian lichenologist László Sándor Lőkös for his contributions to the body of knowledge about lichens in North and South Korea.

## Description

Genus *Loekoesia* has lichens with a crustose thallus, which can be either whole (i.e., undivided, or entire) or broken into areolate (patch-like) segments. This thallus is typically grey in colour. Characteristic of this genus are its soralia (regions of the thallus where powdery soredia are produced), which are rounded, stipitate (having a stalk-like base), and clustered on the thallus in irregular groups. These soralia are bright white, with a soredious mass that appears bluish to whitish and has a powdery texture. The hypothallus of these lichens is bluish-black.

The apothecia (fruiting bodies) of *Loekoesia* lichens are black and biatorine in form, featuring a true exciple that is paraplectenchymatous (comprising fungal hyphae that are oriented in all directions) with a well-developed structural matrix. In terms of chemistry, the thallus of these lichens turns yellow and then greenish-yellow upon exposure to a solution of potassium hydroxide (i.e., the K spot test), and slowly becomes pale yellow when treated with *p*-phenylenediamine (the Pd spot test). The epihymenium reacts to potassium hydroxide by turning purple and becoming lighter, hyaline, or dull crimson. These reactions indicate the likely presence of atranorin and other compounds within the lichen.

## Species

As of January 2024, Species Fungorum (in the Catalogue of Life) accepts three species of *Loekoesia*:

## InfoBox

| *Loekoesia* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Lecanoromycetes |
| Order: | Teloschistales |
| Family: | Teloschistaceae |
| Genus: | *Loekoesia*
S.Y.Kondr., S.O.Oh & Hur (2015) |
|
| Type species | |
| *Loekoesia austrocoreana*
S.Y.Kondr., J.Kim, A.S.Kondr., S.O.Oh & J.S.Hur (2015) | |
| Species | |
| *L. apostatica*
*L. austrocoreana*
*L. yuchiorum* | |


# List of Dutch Basketball League season assists leaders

In basketball, an assist is a pass to a teammate that directly leads to a score by field goal. The Dutch Basketball League's (DBL) assist title is awarded to the player with the highest assists per game average in a given regular season. The assists title was first recognized in the 1985–1986 season when statistics on assists were first compiled.

## Leaders

Key
| Player (X) | Name of the player and number of times they had won the award at that point (if more than one) |
| --- | --- |
| Club (X) | Name of the club and the number of times a player of it has won the award (if more than one) |
| ^ | Denotes player who is still active in the DBL |
| APG | Assists per game |

| Season | Player | Nationality | Club | Total | APG | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1985–86 | Marco de Waard | Netherlands | Den Helder | 195 | 7.8 |  |
| 1986–87 | Toon van Helfteren | Netherlands | DAS Delft | 275 | 8.1 |  |
| 1987–88 | Jeroen Talens | Netherlands | Red Giants Meppel | 284 | 8.4 |  |
| 1988–89 | Terry Coner | United States | DAS Delft | 288 | 8.2 |  |
| 1989–90 | John Emanuels | United States | DAS Delft | 352 | 9.8 |  |
| 1990–91 | Maury Selvin | United States | Donar | 218 | 6.8 |  |
| 1991–92 | Cees van Rootselaar | Netherlands | Den Helder | 192 | 10.1 |  |
| 1992–93 | Cees van Rootselaar (2) | Netherlands | Den Helder | 159 | 8.8 |  |
| 1993–94 | Cees van Rootselaar (3) | Netherlands | Den Helder | 242 | 9.0 |  |
| 1994–95 | Cees van Rootselaar (4) | Netherlands | Den Helder | 270 | 10.0 |  |
| 1995–96 | Cees van Rootselaar (5) | Netherlands | Den Helder | 166 | 8.3 |  |
| 1996–97 | Tony Miller | United States | Den Helder | 234 | 8.1 |  |
| 1997–98 | Tony Miller (2) | United States | Den Helder | 189 | 7.0 |  |
| 1998–99 | Albert Johnson | United States | Donar | 324 | 10.1 |  |
| 1999–00 | Ed Norvell | United States | Virtus | 264 | 8.3 |  |
| 2000–01 | Ed Norvell (2) | United States | Den Bosch | 264 | 9.1 |  |
| 2001–02 | Scott Ungerer | United States | Landstede Zwolle | 216 | 7.7 |  |
| 2002–03 | Gregory Harris | United States | BSW Weert | 298 | 7.1 |  |
| 2003–04 | Gregory Harris (2) | United States | BSW Weert | 205 | 7.3 |  |
| 2004–05 | Tony Miller (3) | United States | Omniworld Almere | 192 | 7.4 |  |
| 2005–06 | Taron Downey | United States | BSW Weert | 316 | 7.9 |  |
| 2007–08 | Jesse Kimbrough | United States | Aris Leeuwarden | 275 | 6.9 |  |
| 2009–09 | Matt Bauscher | United States | Aris Leeuwarden | 223 | 5.9 |  |
| 2009–10 | Torey Thomas | United States | Matrixx Magixx | 217 | 7.2 |  |
| 2010–11 | Frank Turner | United States | EiffelTowers Den Bosch | 190 | 5.3 |  |
| 2011–12 | Frank Turner (2) | United States | EiffelTowers Den Bosch | 137 | 5.1 |  |
| 2012–13 | Whit Holcomb-Faye | United States | Aris Leeuwarden | 280 | 7.8 |  |
| 2013–14 | Emmanuel Ubilla | Puerto Rico | Den Helder Kings | 202 | 5.6 |  |
| 2014–15 | Lance Jeter | United States | Donar | 124 | 5.0 |  |
| 2015–16 | Nigel Van Oostrum^ | United Kingdom | Aris Leeuwarden | 228 | 8.2 |  |
| 2016–17 | Lance Jeter (2) | United States | Donar | 174 | 6.2 |  |
| 2017–18 | Carrington Love | United States | ZZ Leiden | 216 | 6.8 |  |
| 2018–19 | Maurice Watson, Jr. | United States | ZZ Leiden | 260 | 7.9 |  |
| 2019–20 | Tayler Persons | United States | ZZ Leiden | 135 | 7.5 |  |
| 2020–21 | Austin Luke^ | United States | Yoast United | 212 | 9.6 |  |

### BNXT League Domestic Phase leaders

Since the 2021–22 season, the Dutch Basketball League has merged with the Belgian League to create the BNXT League. The following were the leads in the Dutch phase of the regular season.

| Season | Player | Nationality | Club | APG | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2021–22 |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2022–23 | Mike Schilder | Netherlands | Yoast United | 6.5 |  |

1. "Basketball glossary". *FIBA.com*. Archived from the original on September 13, 2012. Retrieved March 5, 2010.
2. "Lijstaanvoerders assists" (in Dutch). J-dus.com. Retrieved 31 March 2018.
3. "DBL beëindigt seizoen 2019-2020" \[DBL ends 2019-2020 season\]. *Basketball League* (in Dutch). 20 March 2020. Retrieved 20 March 2020.
4. "BNXT League". *bnxtleague.com*. Retrieved 2023-05-18.


title: Martin Hanley

abstract: Martin Andrew Hanley was a South African cricketer who played in one Test in 1949. Hanley was a right-handed lower-order batsman and a right-arm off-break bowler. His single Test was the third match of the 1948–49 England tour series and he was the third spin bowler alongside Tufty Mann and Athol Rowan, with Rowan also bowling off-spin. He took just one wicket in the game and was dropped for the next match, being replaced by leg-spinner Fish Markham. His nephew, Rupert Hanley, also played first-class cricket.

text:
# Martin Hanley

**Martin Andrew Hanley** (10 November 1918 – 2 June 2000) was a South African cricketer who played in one Test in 1949.

Hanley was a right-handed lower-order batsman and a right-arm off-break bowler. His single Test was the third match of the 1948–49 England tour series and he was the third spin bowler alongside Tufty Mann and Athol Rowan, with Rowan also bowling off-spin. He took just one wicket in the game and was dropped for the next match, being replaced by leg-spinner Fish Markham.

His nephew, Rupert Hanley, also played first-class cricket.

## InfoBox

Martin Hanley
| Cricket information | |
| --- | --- |
| Batting | Right-handed |
| Bowling | Right-arm offbreak |
| International information | |
| National side |  |
| Only Test | 1 January 1949 v England |
|  | |
| Career statistics | |
| Competition Test First-class  Matches 1 33  Runs scored 0 308  Batting average 0.00 9.62  100s/50s 0/0 0/0  Top score 0 38  Balls bowled 232 10,521  Wickets 1 182  Bowling average 88.00 21.69  5 wickets in innings 0 14  10 wickets in match 0 6  Best bowling 1/57 8/55  Catches/stumpings 0/– 27/– | |
|  | |
| Source: CricketArchive, 15 November 2022 | |


title: Yorkhill Street drill hall

abstract: The Yorkhill Street drill hall is a former military installation in Glasgow.

text:
# Yorkhill Street drill hall

The **Yorkhill Street drill hall** is a former military installation in Glasgow.

## History

The building was designed by William Hunter McNab of the Leiper and McNab architectural firm, to serve as the headquarters of the 2nd Volunteer Battalion the Highland Light Infantry. It was completed with funds donated by Sir Thomas Lipton in 1901. This unit became the 6th (City of Glasgow) Battalion, The Highland Light Infantry (Territorial Force) in 1908. The battalion was mobilised at the drill hall in August 1914 before being deployed to Gallipoli and then to the Western Front. The battalion amalgamated with the 5th, 10th and 11th Battalions of the Highland Light Infantry to form the 5th/6th Battalion, the Highland Light Infantry at the Hill Street drill hall in 1947.

The Yorkhill Street drill hall was instead occupied by the new 15th (Scottish Volunteer) Battalion, The Parachute Regiment, under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Alastair Pearson, in 1947 and was subsequently renamed "Pearson Hall" after its former commanding officer. In 1993, the 15th (Scottish Volunteer) Battalion was reduced to a company within 4th Battalion, Parachute Regiment. After 15 Company moved to more modern premises at "New Pearson Hall" in Houldsworth Street in the late 1990s, the Yorkhill Street drill hall was decommissioned and converted for residential use in 2000.

## InfoBox

| Yorkhill Street drill hall | |
| --- | --- |
| Glasgow, Scotland | |
| Yorkhill Street drill hall | |
| Yorkhill Street drill hallLocation within Glasgow | |
| Coordinates | 55°51′54″N 4°17′38″W / 55.86493°N 4.29382°W / 55.86493; -4.29382 |
| Type | Drill hall |
| Site history | |
| Built | 1901 |
| Built for | War Office |
| Architect | William Hunter McNab |
| In use | 1901 – 1999 |