title: List of heads of state of Costa Rica

text:
# List of heads of state of Costa Rica

The following is the list of all the heads of state of Costa Rica. The current Constitution establishes that the President of Costa Rica is both head of state and head of government, and the current officeholder is Rodrigo Chaves Robles of the Social Democratic Progress Party.

## First independent governments (1821–1824)

On October 11, 1821, the province of Costa Rica proclaimed its absolute independence from Spain. On the 29th of that month, the city of Cartago, head of the Partido de Costa Rican, also signed an act declaring the absolute independence of the Spanish Government.

During this period the main divisions occurred between two sides; the imperialist who sought to annex Costa Rica to the First Mexican Empire and the Republican who sought full independence from Costa Rica. The monarchicals or monarchists also advocated the recognition of Agustín de Iturbide as emperor.

|
Political chief of the Province of Costa Rica | | | Office | Term | Faction |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Republicans   Imperialists
 | | | | | | |
|  |  | Juan Manuel de Cañas | Political chief | October 11, 1821 – November 12, 1821 | Españolista |
|  |  | Nicolás Carrillo y Aguirre | President of the Town's Legates Junta | November 12, 1821 – December 1, 1821 | Imperialist |
|  |  | Pedro José de Alvarado y Baeza | President of the Provisional Government Junta | December 1821– January 1822 | Imperialist |
|  |  | Rafael Barroeta y Castilla | President of the Electors Board | January 6–13, 1822; president of the Superior Government Junta, January 6 – April 13, 1822 | Imperialist |
|  |  | Santiago de Bonilla y Laya-Bolívar | President of the Superior Government Junta | 13 Aprial – June 15, 1822 | Liberal |
|  |  | José María de Peralta | President of the Superior Government Junta | June 15 – October 17, 1822 | Republican |
|  |  | José Rafael Gallegos | President of the Superior Government Junta | 17 octubre de 1822– January 1, 1823 | Imperialist |
|  |  | José Santos Lombardo | President of the Superior Government Junta | January 1 – March 20, 1823 | Imperialist |
|  |  | Rafael Francisco Osejo | President of the Diputación of Costa Rica | March 20–29, 1823 | Republican |
|  |  | Joaquín de Oreamuno | General Commander of Arms, *de facto* | March 29 – April 5, 1823 | Imperialist |
|  |  | Gregorio José Ramírez | General Commander of Arms, *de facto* | April 5 – 16, 1823 | Republican |
|  |  | José María de Peralta | President of the Constituent Provincial Congress | April 16 – May 10, 1823 | Republican |
|  |  | Manuel Alvarado e Hidalgo | President of the Superior Government Junta | 1823–1824 | Republican |
|  |  | Eusebio Rodríguez y Castro | President of the Superior Government Junta | January 8 – February 12, 1824 | Republican |
|  |  | Manuel Alvarado e Hidalgo | President of the Superior Government Junta | February 12 – September 8, 1824 | Republican |

## Emperor (1822–1823)

|
Emperor | | Term | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Agustín de Iturbide | May 19, 1822–
March 19, 1823 | During the period of permanence of Costa Rica in the First Mexican Empire, Emperor Agustín de Iturbide was the monarch of the country as of the rest of the Empire. However, imperial sovereignty was not universally recognized. The disputes between imperialists loyal to Iturbide and Republicans seeking full independence led to the first Costa Rican civil war. |

## President of the Federal Republic of Central America (1823–1839)

Between 1824 and 1838 Costa Rica was a member of the Federal Republic of Central America, and the president was the federal president of the country, although the political influence of the federal government was minimal.

|
President | | | Term
(Election) | Profession | Party |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Liberal Party   Conservative Party | | | | | | |
|  |  | José Matías Delgado | 1823
(interim) | Catholic Priest | Liberal Party |
|  |  | First Triumvirate: | (1823) |  | Liberal Party |
|  |  | Second Triumvirate: | 1823–1825 |  | Liberal Party |
|  |  | Manuel José Arce | 29 April 1825-13 April 1829
(Appointed by Congress) | Military | Liberal Party |
|  |  | Mariano Beltranena y Llano | 13 April 1829-14 June 1829
(Deposed) | Aristocrat | Conservative Party |
|  |  | José Francisco Barrundia | 26 June 1829-16 June 1830
(interim) | Journalist | Liberal Party |
|  |  | José Francisco Morazán Quezada | 16 September 1830-16 September 1834
(1830) | Military | Liberal Party |
|  |  | José Cecilio del Valle | (1834. Died before assuming office) | Military | Conservative Party |
|  |  | José Gregorio Salazar | 16 September 1834-14 February 1835
(interim) | Politician | Liberal Party |
|  |  | José Francisco Morazán Quezada | February 14, 1835 – February 1, 1839
(1835, Costa Rica splits from the Federation). | Military | Liberal Party |

## Heads of State of Costa Rica (1824–1847)

Between 1824 and 1847 and according to the Constitutions of the United Provinces of Central America (1824), of Costa Rica from 1825 and 1844, the chief of the executive branch bore the title of supreme chief or first chief.

Liberals almost completely dominated Costa Rican politics during this period, to the point that many historians call this the "Liberal State". In Costa Rica there was no war between liberals and conservatives as was common in the rest of Latin America and even coup d'etats and de facto governments were mostly between liberal factions. The only conservative president of this period was José Rafael de Gallegos y Alvarado who did not end his term. Another conservative, Nicolás Ulloa Soto, never took office.

|
Heads of the Free State of Costa Rica | | | Province | Term
(Election) | Profession | Faction | Vice Head |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Liberal   Conservative   Military
 | | | | | | |
|  |  | Juan Mora Fernández
1825 and 1829 | San José | 1824–1833 | Teacher and trader | Liberal | Mariano Montealegre Bustamante (1824–1825)
José Rafael de Gallegos y Alvarado (1825–1829) |
|  |  | José Rafael de Gallegos y Alvarado | Cartago | 1833–1835
(1833, resigned) | Businessman | Conservative | Manuel Fernández Chacón |
|  |  | Manuel Fernández Chacón | San José | interim | Landowner | Liberal | *Vacant* |
|  |  | Nicolás Ulloa Soto | Heredia | Appointed in 1835 by Congress, never took office. | Businessman | Conservative | Manuel Fernández Chacón |
|  |  | Braulio Carrillo Colina | Cartago | 1835–1837
(1835) | Lawyer | Liberal | |
|  |  | Joaquín Mora Fernández | San José | March–April 1837
interim | Lawyer | Liberal | |
|  |  | Manuel Aguilar Chacón | San José | 1837–1838
(1837, deposed by coup led by Carrillo) | Lawyer | Liberal | Juan Mora Fernández |
|  |  | Braulio Carrillo Colina | Cartago | November 14, 1838 – April 8, 1842
(de facto rule, deposed by Morazan) | Lawyer | Liberal | Miguel Carranza Fernández (1838–1841)
Manuel Antonio Bonilla Nava (1841–182) |
|  |  | Francisco Morazán Quesada | Born in Honduras | April 8 – September 11, 1842
(de facto, deposed) | Military | Liberal | Juan Mora Fernández |
|  |  | Antonio Pinto Soares | Born in Portugal | September 11–27, 1842
(interim) | Military | Liberal | *Vacant* |
|  |  | José María Alfaro Zamora | Alajuela | 27 September 1842-29 November 1844
(interim) | Trader | Liberal | Francisco María Oreamuno Bonilla (1843–1844) |
|  |  | Francisco María Oreamuno Bonilla | Cartago | November 29, 1844 – June 7, 1846
(1844, deposed by Congress after neglecting the office) | Lawyer | Liberal | José María Castro Madriz (1845–1847) |
|  |  | José María Alfaro Zamora | Alajuela | June 7, 1846 – May 1, 1847
(interim) | Trader | Liberal | |

## President of the State of Costa Rica (1847–1848)

|
President of the State of Costa Rica | | | | Province | Term
(Election) | Profession | Faction | Vice President |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Liberal
 | | | | | | | | |
|  | 1 |  | José María Alfaro Zamora | Alajuela | May 1, 1847 – May 6, 1847
(interim) | Trader | Liberal | José María Castro Madriz |
|  | 2 |  | José María Castro Madriz | San José | May 8, 1847 – August 31, 1848
(1847) | Lawyer | Liberal | José María Alfaro Zamora (1847)
Juan Rafael Mora Porras (1847–1848) |

## President of the Republic of Costa Rica (1848–1948)

Current title of the head of state and government since the Constitution of 1847. The historiography tends to divide this historical period in two, the previous one to the civil war of 1948 and the subsequent one to it. During the first period from 1847 to 1948, the liberals almost completely dominated Costa Rican politics. The liberal hegemony only broke briefly with the government of Vicente Herrera Zeledón (who however had been elected by the liberals) who ruled de facto for just over a year between 1876 and 1877. Even the dictator Federico Tinoco whose dictatorship lasted two years was also liberal. In addition, Costa Rican politics was then (and continues to be to some extent) eminently personalist, so political parties such as Civil, National, Peliquista and Republican revolved mostly around leaders and political figures and not ideologies although, in general terms, they usually be diffusely associated with liberalism.

Costa Rican liberalism was also closely linked to the coffee-growing oligarchy and an important sector of the aristocracy. Attempts to create party alternatives not only formally ideological but more to the left were the Reform Party of Father Jorge Volio Jiménez, strongly influenced by the Catholic social teaching and Christian socialism and Manuel Mora Valverde's Workers and Peasants Block (which precisely it would break with the Reform Party after Volio's alliance with the liberal Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno of the Republican Party) that would lead to the Costa Rican Communist Party. However, even after the war, an important influence of liberal thinking could be seen in the presidents emanated from opposition coalitions as well as within the Social Christian Unity Party.

The National Republican Party led several liberals to the presidency, however, it would be under the government of perhaps its most famous president Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia that the reforms known as the Social Guarantees would be given for the benefit of the poorest classes and would be one of the triggers of the war of 48.

|
Presidents of the Republic of Costa Rica | | | | Province | Term
(Election) | Profession | Faction/Party | Vice President |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Liberal   Olympus   Military   Constitutional Party   Civil Party   Republican Party   National Union Party   National   National Republican Party
 | | | | | | | | |
|  | 1 |  | José María Castro Madriz | San José | August 31, 1848 – November 15, 1849
(1847, deposed) | Lawyer | Liberal | Manuel José Carazo Bonilla (1848–1849)
Juan Rafael Mora Porras (1849) |
|  | 1.a |  | Miguel Mora Porras | San José | November 16–26, 1849
(interim) | Trader | Liberal | *Vacant* |
|  | 2 |  | Juan Rafael Mora Porras | San José | November 26 – December 30, 1849 – August 14, 1859
(1849, 1853 and 1859. Deposed by Montealegre.) | Empresario | Liberal | Francisco María Oreamuno Bonilla† (1853–1856)
Vicente Aguilar Cubero (1856–1857)
Rafael García-Escalante Nava (1857–1859) |
|  | 3 |  | José María Montealegre Fernández | San José | 14 August 1859 – 8 May 1863
(de facto after a coup, later elected in 1860) | Medic | Liberal | Abolished
Alternates appointed by Congress. |
|  | 4 |  | Jesús Jiménez Zamora | Cartago | 8 May 1863 – 8 May 1866
(1863) | Medic | Liberal | |
|  | 5 |  | José María Castro Madriz | San José | May 8, 1866 – November 1, 1868
(1866, deposed by Jiménez.) | Lawyer | Liberal | |
|  | 6 |  | Jesús Jiménez Zamora | Cartago | November 1, 1868 – April 27, 1870
(de facto after a coup, elected as single candidate in 1869, deposed by coup led by Guardia.) | Medic | Liberal | |
|  | 7 |  | Bruno Carranza Ramírez | San José | April 27 – August 8, 1870
(interim, appointed by Guardia.) | Medic | Liberal | |
|  | 8 |  | Tomás Guardia Gutiérrez | Guanacaste | August 8, 1870 – May 8, 1876
(de facto after coup, elected in 1872).) | Military | Liberal | |
|  | 9 |  | Aniceto Esquivel Sáenz | Cartago | May 8, 1876 – July 30, 1876
(1876 as Guardia's puppet, deposed by Guardia). | Lawyer | Liberal | |
|  | 10 |  | Vicente Herrera Zeledón | San José | 30 July 1876 – 23 September 1877
(Appointed by Guardia, resigns due to health issues.) | Lawyer | Conservative | |
|  | 11 |  | Tomás Guardia Gutiérrez | Guanacaste | September 23, 1877 – July 6, 1882
(ruled as a dictator, died in office.) | Military | Liberal | |
|  | 12 |  | Saturnino Lizano Gutiérrez | Puntarenas | July 6 – August 10, 1882
(interim) | Trader | Liberal | |
|  | 13 |  | Próspero Fernández Oreamuno | San José | August 10, 1882 – March 12, 1885
(1882. Died in office) | Philosopher | Olympus | |
|  | 14 |  | Bernardo Soto Alfaro | Alajuela | March 12, 1885 – November 7, 1889
(interim later elected in 1886, resigns.) | Military and lawyer | Olympus | |
|  | 14.a |  | Carlos Durán Cartín | San José | November 7, 1889 – May 8, 1890
(interim) | Medic | Liberal | |
|  | 15 |  | José Rodríguez Zeledón | San José | 8 May 1890 – 8 May 1894
(1889) | Lawyer | Constitutional Party | |
|  | 16 |  | Rafael Yglesias Castro | San José | 8 May 1894 – 8 May 1902
(1894 and 1897–1898) | Businessman | Civil Party | |
|  | 17 |  | Ascensión Esquivel Ibarra | Guanacaste | 8 May 1902 – 8 May 1906
(1901–1902) | Lawyer | National Union Party | |
|  | 18 |  | Cleto González Víquez | Heredia | 8 May 1906 – 8 May 1910
(1905–1906) | Lawyer | National Party | |
|  | 19 |  | Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno | Cartago | 8 May 1910 – 8 May 1914
(1909–1910) | Lawyer | Republican Party | |
|  | 20 |  | Alfredo González Flores | Heredia | May 8, 1914 – January 27, 1917
(Appointed by Congress, deposed in the 1917 Costa Rican coup d'état led by Tinoco). | Lawyer | Republican Party | |
|  | 21 |  | Federico Alberto Tinoco Granados | San José | January 27, 1917 – August 20, 1919
(ruled after coup, elected as single candidate in 1917, deposed by popular uprising). | Businessman | Peliquista Party | |
|  | 22 |  | Juan Bautista Quirós Segura | San José | August 20, 1919 – September 2, 1919
(interim, forced to resign). | Empresario | Peliquista Party | |
|  | 23 |  | Francisco Aguilar Barquero | Cartago | 2 September 1919-8 May 1920
(interim). | Teacher | Republican Party | |
|  | 24 |  | Julio Acosta García | Alajuela | 8 May 1920-8 May 1924
(1919) | Diplomatic | Constitutional Party | |
|  | 25 |  | Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno | Cartago | May 8, 1924 – May 8, 1928
(1923) | Lawyer | Republican Party | |
|  | 26 |  | Cleto González Víquez | Heredia | 8 May 1928-8 May 1932
(1928) | Lawyer | National Union Party | |
|  | 27 |  | Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno | Cartago | May 8, 1932 – May 8, 1936
(1932) | Lawyer | National Republican Party | |
|  | 28 |  | León Cortés Castro | Alajuela | 8 May 1936-8 May 1940
(1936) | Teacher and lawyer | National Republican Party | |
|  | 29 |  | Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia | San José | 8 May 1940-8 May 1944
(1940) | Medic | National Republican Party | |
|  | 30 |  | Teodoro Picado Michalski | San José | May 8, 1944 – April 19, 1948
(1944, deposed by civil war). | Teacher | National Republican Party | |
|  | 30.a |  | Santos León Herrera | San José | April 19 – May 8, 1948
(interim). | Engineer | National Republican Party | |

## Founding Junta of the Second Republic (1948–1949)

After the rupture of the constitutional order in 1948 when the third and last Costa Rican civil war broke out, the victorious side formed by the National Liberation Movement exercised de facto power for 18 months under the self-appointed Founding Junta of the Second Republic chaired by José Figueres Ferrer who proclaimed the beginning of the Second Costa Rican Republic.

| Junta Fundadora de la Segunda República | | | Term | Party |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | José Figueres Ferrer, Benjamín Odio Odio, Gonzalo Facio Segreda, Alberto Martén Chavarría, Uladislao Gámez Solano, Francisco José Orlich Bolmarcich, Bruce Masís Dibiasi, Raúl Blanco Cervantes, Benjamín Núñez Vargas, Edgar Cardona Quirós, Daniel Oduber Quirós | May 8, 1948 – November 8, 1949 | National Liberation Movement |

## President of the Republic of Costa Rica (1949-today)

José Figueres would hand over the Executive Power to Otilio Ulate Blanco on November 8, 1949, as the alleged winner of the 1948 elections whose annulment by the government of Teodoro Picado and Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia caused the civil war of the same year. A National Constituent Assembly was also convened that drafted the 1949 Constitution, still in force, and also created the official positions of First and Second Vice presidents of the Republic.

The National Liberation Party, of social democratic ideology and led by the war-winning leader José Figueres Ferrer would become the main political force after 48, but both Calderonistas and liberals would remain active allying with each other, which would allow the governments of Mario Echandi Jiménez and José Joaquín Trejos Fernández. Following the merger of almost all the antiliberacionista opposition grouped in the Unity Coalition in the Social Christian Unity Party in 1983, this party and the National Liberation would form a solid bipartisanism so that all presidents between 1982 and 2014 belonged to one of these two parties. It is in 2014 that bipartisanship is broken with the coming to power of Luis Guillermo Solís Rivera, first president of the post-bipartisan stage and belonging to a party that was not linked to the two major traditional political tendencies (liberationism and calderonism) the Citizens' Action Party that had already been the main opposition force for two previous periods.

|
Presidents of the Republic of de Costa Rica | | | | Province | Term
(Election) | Profession | Party | Vice presidents |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| National Union Party   National Liberation Party   Unity Coalition   Social Christian Unity Party   Citizens' Action Party   Social Democratic Progress Party
 | | | | | | | | |
|  | 31 |  | Otilio Ulate Blanco | Alajuela | 8 November 1949 – 8 May 1953
(1948) | Journalist | National Union Party | Alberto Oreamuno Flores and Alfredo Volio Mata |
|  | 32 |  | José Figueres Ferrer | Alajuela | 8 May 1953 – 8 May 1958
(1953) | Self-taught | National Liberation Party | Raúl Blanco Cervantes and Fernando Esquivel Bonilla |
|  | 33 |  | Mario Echandi Jiménez | San José | 8 May 1958 – 8 May 1962
(1958) | Businessman | National Union Party | Abelardo Bonilla Baldares and José Joaquín Peralta Esquivel |
|  | 34 |  | Francisco José Orlich Bolmarcich | Alajuela | 8 May 1962 – 8 May 1966
(1962) | Accountant | National Liberation Party | Raúl Blanco Cervantes and Carlos Sáenz Herrera |
|  | 35 |  | José Joaquín Trejos Fernández | San José | 8 May 1966 – 8 May 1970
(1966) | College professor, chemist and mathematician | National Unification Coalition | Jorge Vega Rodríguez and Virgilio Calvo Sánchez |
|  | 36 |  | José Figueres Ferrer | Alajuela | 8 May 1970 – 8 May 1974
(1970) | Self-taught | National Liberation Party | Manuel Aguilar Bonilla and Jorge Rossi Chavarría |
|  | 37 |  | Daniel Oduber Quirós | San José | 8 May 1974 – 8 May 1978
(1974) | Philosopher, lawyer and poet | National Liberation Party | Carlos Manuel Castillo Morales and Fernando Guzmán Mata |
|  | 38 |  |
Rodrigo Carazo Odio | Cartago | 8 May 1978 – 8 May 1982
(1978) | Economist | Unity Coalition | Rodrigo Altmann Ortiz and José Miguel Alfaro Rodríguez |
|  | 39 |  | Luis Alberto Monge Álvarez | Alajuela | 8 May 1982 – 8 May 1986
(1982) | Farmer and trade union leader | National Liberation Party | Alberto Fait Lizano and Armando Aráuz Aguilar |
|  | 40 |  | Óscar Arias Sánchez | Heredia | 8 May 1986 – 8 May 1990
(1986) | Businessman and lawyer | National Liberation Party | Jorge Manuel Dengo Obregón and Victoria Garrón Orozco |
|  | 41 |  | Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier | Born in Nicaragua | 8 May 1990 – 8 May 1994
(1990) | Lawyer | Social Christian Unity Party | Germán Serrano Pinto and Arnoldo López Echandi |
|  | 42 |  | José María Figueres Olsen | San José | 8 May 1994 – 8 May 1998
(1994) | Engineer | National Liberation Party | Rodrigo Oreamuno Blanco and Rebeca Grynspan Mayufis |
|  | 43 |  | Miguel Ángel Rodríguez Echeverría | San José | 8 May 1998 – 8 May 2002
(1998) | Businessman and economist | Social Christian Unity Party | Astrid Fischel Volio and Elizabeth Odio Benito |
|  | 44 |  | Abel Pacheco de la Espriella | San José | 8 May 2002 – 8 May 2006
(2002) | Psychiatrist | Social Christian Unity Party | Lineth Saborío Chaverri and Luis Fishman Zonzinski |
|  | 45 |  | Óscar Arias Sánchez | Heredia | 8 May 2006 – 8 May 2010
(2006) | Businessman and lawyer | National Liberation Party | Laura Chinchilla Miranda and Kevin Casas Zamora |
|  | 46 |  | Laura Chinchilla Miranda | San José | 8 May 2010 – 8 May 2014
(2010) | Political scientist | National Liberation Party | Alfio Piva Mesén and Luis Liberman Ginsburg |
|  | 47 |  | Luis Guillermo Solís Rivera | San José | 8 May 2014 – 8 May 2018
(2014) | College professor, political scientist, sociologist, historian | Citizens' Action Party | Helio Fallas Venegas and Ana Helena Chacón Echeverría |
|  | 48 |  | Carlos Alvarado Quesada | San José | May 8, 2018 – May 8, 2022
(2018) | Writer, journalist, political scientist | Citizens' Action Party | Epsy Campbell Barr and Marvin Rodríguez Cordero |
|  | *49* |  | Rodrigo Chaves Robles | San José | May 8, 2022-
(2022) | Economist | Social Democratic Progress Party | Stephan Brunner Neibig and Mary Munive Angermüller |


title: 1980–81 PAOK FC season

abstract: The 1980–81 season was PAOK Football Club's 55th in existence and the club's 22nd consecutive season in the top flight of Greek football. The team entered the Greek Football Cup in first round.

text:
# 1980–81 PAOK FC season

The **1980–81 season** was **PAOK Football Club's** 55th in existence and the club's 22nd consecutive season in the top flight of Greek football. The team entered the Greek Football Cup in first round.

## Players

### Squad

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

| No. Pos. Nation Player  GK  YUG Mladen Furtula  GK  GRE Apostolos Filis   ---  DF  GRE Kostas Iosifidis  DF  GRE Ioannis Gounaris  DF  HUN József Salomon  DF  GRE Theodoros Apostolidis  DF  GRE Filotas Pellios  DF  GRE Nikos Alavantas  DF  GRE Apostolos Tsourelas   ---  MF  GRE Giorgos Koudas *(captain)*  MF  GRE Stavros Sarafis | No. Pos. Nation Player  MF  GRE Angelos Anastasiadis  MF  GRE Ioannis Damanakis  MF  GRE Thomas Siggas  MF  GRE Vassilis Vasilakos  MF  GRE Kyriakos Alexandridis  MF  GRE Vasilis Georgopoulos  MF  GRE Stathis Triantafyllidis   ---  FW  GRE Giorgos Kostikos  FW  GRE Panagiotis Kermanidis  FW  BRA Neto Guerino  FW  GRE Christos Dimopoulos |
| --- | --- |

## Transfers

Players transferred in

| Transfer Window | Pos. | Name | Club | Fee |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Summer | DF | József Salomon | Diósgyőri VTK | ? |
| Summer | MF | Vasilis Georgopoulos | Panachaiki | ? |
| Summer | MF | Stathis Triantafyllidis | Kavala | 6 million Dr. |
| Summer | FW | Christos Dimopoulos | Panetolikos | 5.4 million Dr. |

Players transferred out

| Transfer Window | Pos. | Name | Club | Fee |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Summer | FW | Kostas Orfanos | Olympiacos | 21 million Dr. |

## Kit

## Pre-season

Win   Draw   Loss

| 26 July 1980 Friendly | **Trikala** | **1–2** | **PAOK** | Trikala |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Lagaras  43' |  | Koudas  19'
Guerino  85' | Stadium: Trikala Municipal Stadium |

| 10 August 1980 Friendly | **AEL** | **2–1** | **PAOK** | Larissa |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Spasovski  58' (pen.)
Golantas  83' |  | Sarafis  86' (pen.) | Stadium: Alcazar Stadium |

| 13 August 1980 Friendly | **Kavala** | **1–2** | **PAOK** | Kavala |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Kakalis  23' |  | Anastasiadis  30'
Dimopoulos  75' | Stadium: Kavala Stadium
Referee: Mantalos |

| 18 August 1980 Friendly | **PAOK** | **1–2** | **Aris** | Thessaloniki |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Anastasiadis  41' |  | Mokalis  28'
Kouis  59' | Stadium: Kaftanzoglio Stadium |

| 20 August 1980 Friendly | **Pierikos** | **1–1** | **PAOK** | Katerini |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Mischos  47' |  | Koudas  79' | Stadium: Katerini Stadium
Referee: Vasileiadis |

| 24 August 1980 Friendly | **Olympiacos** | **2–1** | **PAOK** | Piraeus |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Orfanos  11' (pen.)
Ahlström  88' |  | Kermanidis  54' | Stadium: Karaiskakis Stadium
Referee: Vourakis |

| 27 August 1980 Friendly | **AEK** | **0–0** | **PAOK** | Athens |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |  | Stadium: Nikos Goumas Stadium
Attendance: 11,994
Referee: Fakis |

| 31 August 1980 Friendly | **Panachaiki** | **3–1** | **PAOK** | Patras |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Davourlis  22'
Spentzopoulos  75', 86' |  | Kermanidis  3' | Stadium: Kostas Davourlis Stadium |

## Competitions

### Overview

| Competition | Record | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Win % |
| Alpha Ethniki | 34 | 15 | 12 | 7 | 52 | 31 | +21 | 044.12 |
| Greek Cup | 9 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 19 | 8 | +11 | 077.78 |
| Total | 43 | 22 | 13 | 8 | 71 | 39 | +32 | 051.16 |

Source: Competitions

### Managerial statistics

| Head Coach | From | To | Record | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | G | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Win % |
| Gyula Lóránt | Start of season | 31.05.1981 | 38 | 19 | 12 | 7 | 62 | 33 | +29 | 050.00 |
| Aristarchos Fountoukidis (Interim) | 03.06.1981 | End of season | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 9 | 6 | +3 | 060.00 |

## Alpha Ethniki

### Standings

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2 | AEK Athens | 34 | 17 | 10 | 7 | 63 | 42 | +21 | 44 |  |
| 3 | Aris | 34 | 16 | 11 | 7 | 57 | 33 | +24 | 43 | Qualification for UEFA Cup first round |
| 4 | PAOK | 34 | 15 | 12 | 7 | 52 | 31 | +21 | 42 | Qualification for Cup Winners' Cup first round |
| 5 | Panathinaikos | 34 | 13 | 13 | 8 | 44 | 21 | +23 | 39 | Qualification for UEFA Cup first round |
| 6 | AEL | 34 | 14 | 9 | 11 | 42 | 40 | +2 | 37 |  |

Source: RSSSF
Rules for classification: 1st points; 2nd head-to-head points; 3rd head-to-head goal difference; 4th decision match.
Notes:

#### Results summary

| Overall | | | | | | | | Home | | | | | | Away | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

| Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 34 | 15 | 12 | 7 | 52 | 31 | +21 | 57 | 11 | 5 | 1 | 41 | 17 | +24 | 4 | 7 | 6 | 11 | 14 | −3 |

Last updated: 14 June 1981 (1981-06-14).
Source: Competitive matches

#### Results by round

| Round | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Ground |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Result | D | L | D | W | D | D | W | L | D | W | D | W | W | W | L | W | D | W | L | W | L | W | W | D | D | D | D | W | W | L | L | W | W | D |
| Position | 10 | 12 | 13 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 8 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 |

Source: League matches
A = Away; H = Home; W = Win; D = Draw; L = Loss

#### Matches

Win   Draw   Loss

| 7 September 1980 1 | **Kastoria** | **1–1** | **PAOK** | Kastoria |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Tsironis  39' |  | Anastasiadis  47' | Stadium: Kastoria Stadium |

| 14 September 1980 2 | **PAOK** | **1–2** | **AEK** | Thessaloniki |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Sarafis  49' |  | Ardizoglou  24'
Mavros  45' | Stadium: Kaftanzoglio Stadium
Attendance: 36,964
Referee: Vourakis |
| *Note: PAOK played 2 home league games at Kaftanzoglio Stadium and 7 at Kleanthis Vikelidis Stadium because Toumba Stadium was closed temporarily due to damage sustained in the June 1978 earthquake.* | | | | |

| 21 September 1980 3 | **AEL** | **0–0** | **PAOK** | Larissa |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |  | Stadium: Alcazar Stadium
Attendance: 9,704
Referee: Rammos |

| 27 September 1980 4 | **PAOK** | **3–0** | **Panachaiki** | Thessaloniki |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Sarafis  9' (pen.), 33'
Triantafyllidis  56' |  |  | Stadium: Kaftanzoglio Stadium
Attendance: 9,887
Referee: Vourakis |

| 5 October 1980 5 | **Korinthos** | **0–0** | **PAOK** | Loutraki |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |  | Stadium: Thodio Stadium
Attendance: 5,724
Referee: Vlastaris |

| 19 October 1980 6 | **Panionios** | **1–1** | **PAOK** | Athens |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Pathiakakis  64' (pen.) |  | Kermanidis  61' | Stadium: Nea Smyrni Stadium
Attendance: 11,064
Referee: Argyriou |

| 26 October 1980 7 | **PAOK** | **4–2** | **Panathinaikos** | Thessaloniki |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Koudas  15', 62'
Vasilakos  26'
Alexandridis  77' |  | Delikaris  64'
Andreuchi  85' | Stadium: Kleanthis Vikelidis Stadium
Attendance: 18,131 |

| 2 November 1980 8 | **PAS Giannina** | **2–1** | **PAOK** | Ioannina |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Liakos  48'
Papazoglou  69' |  | Koudas  2' | Stadium: Zosimades Stadium
Attendance: 5,637 |

| 9 November 1980 9 | **PAOK** | **2–2** | **Doxa Drama** | Thessaloniki |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Sarafis  20' (pen.)
Pellios  76' |  | Charalambidis  22'
Strantzalis  39' | Stadium: Kleanthis Vikelidis Stadium
Attendance: 11,833
Referee: Tsouris |

| 16 November 1980 10 | **Aris** | **0–1** | **PAOK** | Thessaloniki |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  | Kostikos  39' | Stadium: Kleanthis Vikelidis Stadium
Attendance: 26,000
Referee: Mersinis |

| 23 November 1980 11 | **PAOK** | **1–1** | **Ethnikos** | Thessaloniki |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Sarafis  81' (pen.) |  | Mitropoulos  81'
Denev  86' (pen.) | Stadium: Kleanthis Vikelidis Stadium
Attendance: 13,318
Referee: Voulgaris |

| 30 November 1980 12 | **OFI** | **0–2** | **PAOK** | Heraklion |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  | Vasilakos  22', 75' | Stadium: Theodoros Vardinogiannis Stadium
Attendance: 4,448
Referee: Nikolitsas |

| 14 December 1980 13 | **PAOK** | **2–0** | **Kavala** | Thessaloniki |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Kermanidis  38'
Petsas  68' (o.g.) |  |  | Stadium: Kleanthis Vikelidis Stadium
Attendance: 8,768
Referee: Angelidis |

| 21 December 1980 14 | **PAOK** | **3–0** | **Apollon Athens** | Thessaloniki |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Kermanidis  12', 34'
Triantafyllidis  88' |  |  | Stadium: Kleanthis Vikelidis Stadium
Attendance: 8,465
Referee: Karavasilis |

| 28 December 1980 15 | **Olympiacos** | **1–0** | **PAOK** | Piraeus |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Novoselac  21' |  | Gounaris  60' | Stadium: Karaiskakis Stadium
Attendance: 35,500
Referee: Ballis |

| 4 January 1981 16 | **PAOK** | **2–0** | **Atromitos** | Thessaloniki |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Kermanidis  61', 86' |  |  | Stadium: Kleanthis Vikelidis Stadium
Attendance: 7,997 |

| 11 January 1981 17 | **Panserraikos** | **1–1** | **PAOK** | Serres |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Anastasiadis  14'
Papadimitriou  83' |  | Guerino  8' (pen.) | Stadium: Serres Municipal Stadium
Attendance: 7,327
Referee: Marinelis |

| 18 January 1981 18 | **PAOK** | **3–1** | **Kastoria** | Thessaloniki |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Kermanidis  19'
Voitsidis  49' (o.g.)
Koudas  75' |  | Papavasileiou  5' | Stadium: Kleanthis Vikelidis Stadium
Attendance: 8,340
Referee: Charalabidis |

| 1 February 1981 19 | **AEK** | **4–0** | **PAOK** | Athens |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Manolas  22'
Gesios  26'
Mavros  59'
Vlachos  66'
Bajević  68' |  |  | Stadium: Nikos Goumas Stadium
Attendance: 21,973
Referee: Loutridis |

| 8 February 1981 20 | **PAOK** | **5–1** | **AEL** | Thessaloniki |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Siggas  26'
Kostikos  46' (pen.), pen.'
Kermanidis  80' |  | Charalabidis  2' (pen.) | Stadium: Toumba Stadium
Attendance: 12,230
Referee: Germanakos |

| 18 February 1981 21 | **Panachaiki** | **2–0** | **PAOK** | Patras |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Psarras  11'
Kizas  88' (pen.) |  |  | Stadium: Kostas Davourlis Stadium
Attendance: 5,544
Referee: Ballis |

| 22 February 1981 22 | **PAOK** | **4–2** | **Korinthos** | Thessaloniki |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Koudas  5', 36'
Kostikos  53' (pen.)
Kermanidis  56' |  | Togias  41'
Gerothodoros  65' (pen.) | Stadium: Toumba Stadium
Attendance: 5,182
Referee: Koukoulakis |

| 1 March 1981 23 | **PAOK** | **4–1** | **Panionios** | Thessaloniki |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Kostikos  4', 19', 81'
Koudas  20' |  | Apostolidis  79' (o.g.) | Stadium: Toumba Stadium
Attendance: 7,395 |

| 22 March 1981 24 | **Panathinaikos** | **0–0** | **PAOK** | Athens |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |  | Stadium: Rizoupoli Stadium
Attendance: 11,086
Referee: Angelidis |

| 29 March 1981 25 | **PAOK** | **1–1** | **PAS Giannina** | Thessaloniki |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Kostikos  49' (pen.) |  | Siggas  77' (o.g.) | Stadium: Toumba Stadium
Attendance: 8,528
Referee: Pantzalis |

| 5 April 1981 26 | **Doxa Drama** | **0–0** | **PAOK** | Drama |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  |  | Stadium: Doxa Drama Stadium
Referee: Dedes |

| 12 April 1981 27 | **PAOK** | **1–1** | **Aris** | Thessaloniki |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Siggas  77' |  | Zindros  75' | Stadium: Toumba Stadium
Attendance: 28,157
Referee: Vourakis |

| 19 April 1981 28 | **Ethnikos** | **0–2** | **PAOK** | Piraeus |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  | Siggas  6'
Guerino  45' | Stadium: Karaiskakis Stadium
Attendance: 10,683
Referee: Koutoulas |

| 10 May 1981 29 | **PAOK** | **1–0** | **OFI** | Thessaloniki |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Kostikos  58' |  |  | Stadium: Toumba Stadium
Referee: Saraliotis |

| 17 May 1981 30 | **Kavala** | **1–0** | **PAOK** | Kavala |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Filippidis  35' |  |  | Stadium: Kavala Stadium
Attendance: 4,087 |

| 24 May 1981 31 | **Apollon Athens** | **1–0** | **PAOK** | Athens |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Tsiggoulis  38' |  |  | Stadium: Rizoupoli Stadium
Attendance: 1,897 |

| 31 May 1981 32 | **PAOK** | **1–0** | **Olympiacos** | Thessaloniki |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Kostikos  30'
Vasilakos  67' |  |  | Stadium: Toumba Stadium
Attendance: 21,359
Referee: Fakis |
| *Note: PAOK manager Gyula Lóránt suffered a heart attack in the 16th minute of the game and died at the bench.* | | | | |

| 7 June 1981 33 | **Atromitos** | **0–2** | **PAOK** | Athens |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  | Triantafyllidis  23'
Dimopoulos  57' | Stadium: Peristeri Stadium |

| 14 June 1981 34 | **PAOK** | **3–3** | **Panserraikos** | Thessaloniki |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Dimopoulos  13'
Alexandridis  48', 65' |  | Pantazis  14', 68'
Georgiadis  20' | Stadium: Toumba Stadium
Attendance: 5,547 |

## Greek Cup

### First round

| 29 October 1980 | **Niki Volos** | **1–1** (a.e.t.)
(**3–5** ) | **PAOK** | Nea Ionia |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Krallis  30' |  | Vasilakos  52' | Referee: Pantzalis |
|  | **Penalties** | | |  |
| | Dimou
Fygetakis
Krallis
Stamoulakis
Zagavieros |  | Vasilakos
Pellios
Gounaris
Kermanidis
Alexandridis | |
| *Note: Nobody undrerstood why the referee allowed the 5th penalty of PAOK to be taken as PAOK had already won.* | | | | |

### Second round

| 17 December 1980 | **Veria** | **0–2** | **PAOK** | Veria |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  | Georgopoulos  61'
Alexandridis  75' | Stadium: Veria Stadium
Attendance: 6,589 |

### Third round

| 6 January 1981 1st leg | **PAOK** | **2–1** | **Olympiacos Volos** | Thessaloniki |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Kermanidis  5'
Sarafis  38' |  | Trichias  51' | Stadium: Kleanthis Vikelidis Stadium |

| 4 February 1981 2nd leg | **Olympiacos Volos** | **1–2**
(**2–4** agg.) | **PAOK** | Volos |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Kouloglou  25' |  | Damanakis  4'
Kermanidis  55' | Stadium: Volos Municipal Stadium
Referee: Giannakoudakis |

### Quarter-finals

| 13 May 1981 1st leg | **PAOK** | **5–0** | **Ethnikos Asteras** | Thessaloniki |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Kermanidis  15'
Kostikos  25' (pen.)
Koudas  52', 64'
Vasilakos  88' |  |  | Stadium: Toumba Stadium
Attendance: 2,441 |

| 27 May 1981 2nd leg | **Ethnikos Asteras** | **2–3**
(**2–8** agg.) | **PAOK** | Athens |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Michelis  80'
Lykoudis  82' |  | Apostolidis  35'
Georgopoulos  44'
Triantafyllidis  78' | Stadium: Kesariani Stadium
Referee: Lagogiannis |

### Semi-finals

| 3 June 1981 1st leg | **PAOK** | **1–0** | **AEK** | Thessaloniki |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Kostikos  38' (pen.) |  | Ardizoglou  80' | Stadium: Toumba Stadium
Attendance: 26,674
Referee: Dedes |

| 10 June 1981 2nd leg | **AEK** | **0–2**
(**0–3** agg.) | **PAOK** | Chalkida |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  |  | Damanakis  52'
Georgopoulos  81' | Stadium: Chalkida Municipal Stadium
Attendance: 12,736
Referee: Vardakas |
| *Note: Match held at Chalkida because AEK had a stadium ban for the eventful match against Aris in the previous round.* | | | | |

### Final

| 21 June 1981 | **Olympiacos** | **3–1** | **PAOK** | Athens |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Damanakis  18' (o.g.)
Orfanos  61'
Kousoulakis  90' |  | Damanakis  63' | Stadium: Nikos Goumas Stadium
Attendance: 30,512
Referee: Zlatanos |

## Statistics

### Squad statistics

*As of June 21, 1981*

*Appearances denote players in the starting lineup, with the numbers in parentheses denoting appearances as substitute.*

| No. | | Name | Alpha Ethniki | | Greek Cup | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Apps | | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Goalkeepers | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  | | Mladen Furtula | 31 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 39 | 0 |
|  | | Apostolos Filis | 4 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 0 |
| Defenders | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  | | Ioannis Gounaris | 33 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 40 | 0 |
|  | | Kostas Iosifidis | 31 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 40 | 0 |
|  | | József Salomon | 28 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 36 | 0 |
|  | | Theodoros Apostolidis | 22 | 0 | 5 | 1 | 27 | 1 |
|  | | Nikos Alavantas | 12 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 14 | 0 |
|  | | Filotas Pellios | 11 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 12 | 1 |
|  | | Apostolos Tsourelas | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Midfielders | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  | | Giorgos Koudas | 31 | 8 | 7 | 2 | 38 | 10 |
|  | | Ioannis Damanakis | 25 | 0 | 8 | 3 | 33 | 3 |
|  | | Thomas Siggas | 25 | 3 | 7 | 0 | 32 | 3 |
|  | | Vassilis Vasilakos | 22 | 4 | 7 | 2 | 29 | 6 |
|  | | Vasilis Georgopoulos | 21 | 0 | 8 | 3 | 29 | 3 |
|  | | Stavros Sarafis | 17 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 20 | 6 |
|  | | Stathis Triantafyllidis | 14 | 3 | 5 | 1 | 19 | 4 |
|  | | Kyriakos Alexandridis | 10 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 13 | 4 |
|  | | Angelos Anastasiadis | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 1 |
| Forwards | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|  | | Panagiotis Kermanidis | 34 | 9 | 9 | 3 | 43 | 12 |
|  | | Neto Guerino | 26 | 2 | 7 | 0 | 33 | 2 |
|  | | Giorgos Kostikos | 24 | 9 | 8 | 2 | 32 | 11 |
|  | | Christos Dimopoulos | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 2 |

Source: Match reports in competitive matches, rsssf.com

### Goalscorers

| Rank | No. | Pos. | Player | Alpha Ethniki | Greek Cup | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|
| 1 |  | FW | Panagiotis Kermanidis | 9 | 3 | **12** |
| 2 |  | FW | Giorgos Kostikos | 9 | 2 | **11** |
| 3 |  | MF | Giorgos Koudas | 8 | 2 | **10** |
| 4 |  | MF | Stavros Sarafis | 5 | 1 | **6** |
| |  | MF | Vassilis Vasilakos | 4 | 2 | **6** |
| 6 |  | MF | Stathis Triantafyllidis | 3 | 1 | **4** |
| |  | MF | Kyriakos Alexandridis | 3 | 1 | **4** |
| 8 |  | MF | Thomas Siggas | 3 | 0 | **3** |
| |  | MF | Ioannis Damanakis | 0 | 3 | **3** |
| |  | MF | Vasilis Georgopoulos | 0 | 3 | **3** |
| 11 |  | FW | Neto Guerino | 2 | 0 | **2** |
| |  | FW | Christos Dimopoulos | 2 | 0 | **2** |
| 13 |  | DF | Filotas Pellios | 1 | 0 | **1** |
| |  | MF | Angelos Anastasiadis | 1 | 0 | **1** |
| |  | DF | Theodoros Apostolidis | 0 | 1 | **1** |
| Own goals | | | | 2 | 0 | **2** |
| **TOTALS** | | | | **52** | **19** | **71** |

Source: Match reports in competitive matches, rsssf.com

1. "Πρώτη προπόνηση" \[First training\]. *paokmania.gr* (in Greek). 14 July 2017. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
2. "Προετοιμασία" \[Pre-season\]. *paokmania.gr* (in Greek). 22 July 2016. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
3. "Τα πριμ της περιόδου 1980–81". *paokmania.gr* (in Greek). 19 August 2016. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
4. "Καστοριά–ΠΑΟΚ 1–1 (7/9/1980)". *paokmania.gr* (in Greek). 7 September 2016. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
5. "ΠΑΟΚ–Παναθηναϊκός 4–2 (26/10/1980)". *paokmania.gr* (in Greek). 26 October 2020. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
6. "ΠΑΟΚ–Κόρινθος 4–2 (22/2/1981)". *paokmania.gr* (in Greek). 22 February 2021. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
7. "ΠΑΟΚ–Αρης 1–1 (12/4/1981)". *paokmania.gr* (in Greek). 12 April 2020. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
8. "ΠΑΟΚ–ΟΦΗ 1–0 (10/5/1981)". *paokmania.gr* (in Greek). 10 May 2020. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
9. Kostas Pallis (31 May 2016). "ΠΑΟΚ–Ολυμπιακός 1–0 (31/5/1981)". *oldfootball.gr* (in Greek). Retrieved 5 March 2021.
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## InfoBox

PAOK
| 1980–81 season | |
| --- | --- |
| President | Giorgos Pantelakis |
| Manager | Gyula Lóránt
Aristarchos Fountoukidis |
| Stadium | Toumba Stadium |
| Alpha Ethniki | *4th* |
| Greek Cup | *Runners-up* |
| Top goalscorer | League:
Kermanidis, Kostikos (9)
All:
Kermanidis (12) |
| Highest home attendance | 36,964 vs AEK |
|  | |


title: Tim Teufel

abstract: Timothy Shawn Teufel is an American former professional baseball second baseman and coach. He played Major League Baseball from 1983 to 1993, most notably as a member of the New York Mets with whom he won a world championship in 1986. He also played for the Minnesota Twins and the San Diego Padres. He is a member of the Clemson Athletic Hall of Fame. He was a fan favorite with the New York Mets and became known for his batting stance, the "Teufel shuffle", in which he wiggled his buttocks back and forth before the pitcher's delivery.

text:
# Tim Teufel

**Timothy Shawn Teufel** (born July 7, 1958) is an American former professional baseball second baseman and coach. He played Major League Baseball from 1983 to 1993, most notably as a member of the New York Mets with whom he won a world championship in 1986. He also played for the Minnesota Twins and the San Diego Padres. He is a member of the Clemson Athletic Hall of Fame. He was a fan favorite with the New York Mets and became known for his batting stance, the "Teufel shuffle", in which he wiggled his buttocks back and forth before the pitcher's delivery.

## Early life

Teufel attended St. Mary's High School in Greenwich, Connecticut, St. Petersburg Junior College in St. Petersburg, Florida, and Clemson University in South Carolina. At Clemson, he earned All American honors and participated in the College World Series as a senior in 1980.

In 1979, Teufel played collegiate summer baseball for the Cotuit Kettleers of the Cape Cod Baseball League (CCBL). He batted .351 and set league records for home runs, runs batted in, and runs scored in a season. Teufel was inducted into the CCBL Hall of Fame in 2005.

At age 19, he was drafted by the Milwaukee Brewers in the sixteenth round of the 1978 Major League Baseball Draft, but did not sign. Teufel was drafted by the Chicago White Sox in the third round of the secondary phase of the 1979 Major League Baseball Draft, but again did not sign. In the 1980 Major League Baseball Draft, Teufel was drafted in the second round and signed with the Minnesota Twins.

## Playing career

### Minnesota Twins

Teufel spent all of 1980 and 1981 with the Double-A Orlando Twins. He raised his average to .282 in 1982, earning a mid-season promotion to the Triple-A Toledo Mud Hens. In 1983, Teufel lit up the International League with a .323 batting average, 1.022 OPS, 27 home runs and 100 runs batted in, resulting in a September call-up to the majors. He made his major league debut on September 3 in a 13-0 drubbing at the hands of Scott McGregor and the Baltimore Orioles.

Teufel went 2-for-4 and score two runs to help the last-place Twins snap a five-game losing streak on September 6. On September 16, Teufel led off the game by hitting his first major league home run off Jim Gott of the Toronto Blue Jays. His second career home run came in the eighth inning of the same game. In all, Teufel went 5-for-5 with two home runs and five runs scored in arguably the best offensive game of his career. By the end of the season, the Twins surpassed the Seattle Mariners to avoid a last-place finish.

The following season, Teufel snatched the starting second base job away from former Rookie of the Year, John Castino. In his rookie season, Teufel had 149 hits, 30 doubles, fourteen home runs, 61 runs batted in, and provided solid defense at second base for the Twins. The Twins improved to 81–81 in 1984, which was good enough for a second-place finish in the American League West. Teufel finished fourth behind Alvin Davis, Mark Langston and teammate Kirby Puckett in American League Rookie of the Year balloting.

The Twins fell back into fifth place in 1985. Following the season, Teufel was traded with minor leaguer Pat Crosby to the New York Mets for Billy Beane, Bill Latham and Joe Klink.

### New York Mets

Although Teufel had hit far better against right-handed pitchers in 1985, Mets manager Davey Johnson used Teufel primarily against left-handed pitching in a platoon system with Wally Backman. Teufel started quickly in 1986 with a go-ahead 14th inning single in his first game with the Mets, although they lost in the bottom half of the inning. His batting average hovered around .220 into June. On June 10, Teufel had one of the most exciting moments in the Mets' championship season with a walk-off pinch-hit grand slam in the bottom of the 11th inning against the Philadelphia Phillies.

The Mets' reputation as a rowdy bunch was punctuated on July 19 when Teufel, Ron Darling, Bob Ojeda, and Rick Aguilera were arrested after a bar fight with off-duty police officers in Houston, Texas. Teufel was sentenced to a year of probation and fined $200 for his part. None of the four missed any playing time, though the incident helped fuel some rivalry between the Mets and their impending 1986 National League Championship Series competitors, the Houston Astros. Teufel managed just one hit and no runs batted in against the Astros in the Championship Series, won by the Mets in six games.

In game one of the 1986 World Series against the Boston Red Sox, the Mets suffered a fate similar to that which they suffered in game one of the 1973 World Series against the Oakland Athletics. In that game, usually sure-handed Mets' second baseman Félix Millán committed a third inning error that led to both of Oakland's runs in their 2–1 victory. With one out and a runner on second in the seventh inning of game one of the 1986 series, Boston's Rich Gedman hit a ground ball to Teufel at second which Teufel misplayed, allowing the runner to score. Boston held on for the 1–0 victory.

He hit a home run in game five of the Series, but the Mets lost that game. For the series, Teufel batted .444 with four hits in nine at bats. The home run was the only postseason run batted in and run scored of Teufel's career.

1987 was Teufel's best season statistically, as he tied his 1984 home run and run batted in highs despite playing in only 97 games. His .308 batting average, .398 on-base percentage and .545 slugging percentage were career-highs. Despite significantly outperforming Wally Backman, Teufel continued to be used in a platoon role. He was given the chance to play every day in 1988, but spent all of April below .200 and missed three weeks from mid-May with an injury, causing the platoon to be reinstated.

Teufel was used in just one game in the 1988 NLCS. In 1989, Gregg Jefferies was given most of the time at second base and Teufel spent half of his time at first base. His playing time further decreased in 1990 as he played in career-lows of 80 games with 175 at-bats while shifting between first, second and third base.

### San Diego Padres

Teufel's 1991 average was .118 on May 31 when the Mets traded him to the San Diego Padres for Garry Templeton. Teufel hit between .220 and .250 in all three seasons with San Diego while continuing to play at all three bases defensively. On April 14, 1993, he went 5-for-5 for the second time in his career but the Padres lost the game on their way to a 101-loss season. Teufel was granted free agency and retired after the 1993 season.

## Coaching career

Teufel returned to the Mets as a roving instructor for 2001 and 2002. He was named the manager of the Mets' Rookie-level minor league Brooklyn Cyclones for 2003 and was promoted to the Single-A St. Lucie Mets for 2004 and 2005. After the two seasons near .500, the Mets announced Teufel was being replaced by Gary Carter for 2006. Teufel decided to take a break from baseball for the year.

He was named manager of the Savannah Sand Gnats on January 11, 2007 and was a Mets representative at the 2008 Major League Baseball Draft. He returned as St. Lucie's manager in 2008 and 2009. In 2010, in his first season managing the Double-A Binghamton Mets, he led the team to a 66–76 record and a fifth-place finish in the Eastern League. He was named manager of the Buffalo Bisons in January 2011. In 2011, he was named manager of Leones del Caracas in the Venezuelan Professional Baseball League. On November 16, 2011, he was replaced as manager by Carlos Lezcano.

Teufel returned to the New York Mets organization as the new third base coach in 2011, replacing former coach Chip Hale. Teufel had a successful stint for five years as the third base coach, participating in the 2015 World Series and was a part of winning the 2015 National League East title, their first division title since 2006, and first World Series appearance since 2000. He coached in the 2016 Major League Baseball All-Star Game in San Diego at Petco Park. After the 2016 season, it was announced that Teufel would be replaced by longtime Arizona Diamondbacks coach Glenn Sherlock. On November 25, 2016 it was announced that he would be the minor league instructor and club ambassador. Following the 2022 season, Teufel and the Mets parted ways from an employment standpoint but he remains connected to the organization for appearances and representing the organization.

## Career stats

| Games | AB | Runs | Hits | 2B | 3B | HR | RBI | Avg. | SB | CS | BB | SO | HBP | Slg. | Fld% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1073 | 3112 | 415 | 789 | 185 | 12 | 86 | 379 | .254 | 23 | 19 | 387 | 531 | 12 | .404 | .979 |

## InfoBox

| Tim Teufel | |
| --- | --- |
| Teufel as the New York Mets third base coach | |
| **Second baseman** | |
| **Born:**  (1958-07-07) July 7, 1958<br>Greenwich, Connecticut, U.S. | |
| **Batted:** Right**Threw:** Right | |
| MLB debut | |
| September 3, 1983, for the Minnesota Twins | |
| Last MLB appearance | |
| September 28, 1993, for the San Diego Padres | |
| MLB statistics | |
| Batting average | .254 |
| Home runs | 86 |
| Runs batted in | 379 |
|  | |
| Teams | |
| **As Coach** | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
|  | |


title: Oxalis tuberosa

abstract: Oxalis tuberosa is a perennial herbaceous plant that overwinters as underground stem tubers. These tubers are known as uqa in Quechua, oca in Spanish, yams in New Zealand and several other alternative names. The plant was brought into cultivation in the central and southern Andes for its tubers, which are used as a root vegetable. The plant is not known in the wild, but populations of wild Oxalis species that bear smaller tubers are known from four areas of the central Andean region. Oca was introduced to Europe in 1830 as a competitor to the potato, and to New Zealand as early as 1860. In New Zealand, oca has become a popular table vegetable and is called yams. It is available in various colors, including yellow, orange, pink, apricot, and traditional red.

text:
# Oxalis tuberosa

***Oxalis tuberosa*** is a perennial herbaceous plant that overwinters as underground stem tubers. These tubers are known as **uqa** in Quechua, **oca** in Spanish, **yams** in New Zealand and several other alternative names. The plant was brought into cultivation in the central and southern Andes for its tubers, which are used as a root vegetable. The plant is not known in the wild, but populations of wild *Oxalis* species that bear smaller tubers are known from four areas of the central Andean region. Oca was introduced to Europe in 1830 as a competitor to the potato, and to New Zealand as early as 1860.

In New Zealand, oca has become a popular table vegetable and is called yams (although not a true yam). It is available in various colors, including yellow, orange, pink, apricot, and traditional red.

## Cultural significance

Grown primarily by Quechua and Aymara farmers, oca has been a staple of rural Andean diets for centuries. Of all Andean root and tuber crops, oca is currently second only to potato in area planted within the Central Andean region. Oca is essential to local food security because of its role in crop rotations and its high nutritional content.

## Diversity

Andean farmers, including the indigenous Quechua and Aymara people, cultivate numerous varieties of oca. Oca diversity may be described with respect to morphological characters, local cultivar names, or molecular markers.

### Morphological characters

Oca morphotypes are distinguished by foliar, floral, fruit, stem, and tuber characteristics, as described in the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute's document on oca descriptors. The morphological diversity of oca tubers, in particular, is astounding. Tubers range from 25 to 150 mm in length by 25 mm in width; skin and flesh color may be white, cream, yellow, orange, pink, red, and/or purple and distributed in range of patterns.

### Local cultivar names

Oca-growing communities often name varieties based primarily on tuber morphology and secondarily on flavor. For example, common names may include **ushpa negra** (black ash) or **puka panti** (red *Cosmos* *peucedanifolius*). Great inconsistency of nomenclature has been reported within and among communities.

### Molecular markers

Numerous studies have additionally described oca diversity through molecular approaches to study protein and genetic variation. Molecular markers, such as allozymes (e.g., del Río, 1999) and inter-simple sequence repeats (e.g., Pissard et al., 2006), show oca diversity to be low relative to other crops, probably because of its vegetative mode of propagation. While genetic differentiation corresponds well with folk classification, cluster analyses indicate that folk cultivars are not perfect clones, but rather genetically heterogeneous groupings.

## Edibility

Oca is cultivated primarily for its edible stem tuber, but the leaves and young shoots can also be eaten as a green vegetable. Mature stems can be used similarly to rhubarb. Andean communities have various methods to process and prepare tubers, and in Mexico oca is eaten raw with salt, lemon, and hot pepper. The flavor is often slightly tangy, but there is a considerable degree of flavor difference between varieties, and some are not acidic. Texture ranges from crunchy (like a carrot) when raw or undercooked, to starchy or mealy when fully cooked.

### Use categories

Oca is fairly high in oxalates, concentrated in the skin. Significant variation in oxalate concentration exists among varieties, and this variation distinguishes two oca use-categories recognized by Andean farmers.

One use category, sour oca, contains cultivars with high oxalic acid levels. Farmers process these tubers to form a usable storage product called *khaya* in Quechua. tubers are first soaked in water for approximately one month to prepare khaya. Then they are left outside during hot, sunny days and cold, freezing nights until they become completely dehydrated. This process is similar to the preparation of *chuñu* from bitter potatoes. Cultivars in this use category are referred to in Quechua as *khaya* (name of the dried, processed product) or *p'usqu* (sour/fermented), and in Aymara as *luk’i*.

The other use category, sweet oca, contains cultivars with lower oxalic acid levels. The traditional Andean preparation methods for this use category are also geared towards reducing the oxalate level of the harvested vegetable, but without dehydration. This is done by exposure to sunlight, which decreases the organic acid content and increases the oca's sweet taste.

**Nutritional value**
| nutrient
per 100 g | **fresh** | **dried** |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Energy | 255 kJ (61 kcal) | 1,360 kJ (330 kcal) |
| Water (g) | 84.1 | 15.3 |
| Protein (g) | 1.0 | 4.3 |
| Carbohydrates (g) | 13.3 | 75.4 |
| Ash (g) | 1.0 | 3.9 |
| Calcium (mg) | 2 | 52 |
| Phosphorus (mg) | 36 | 171 |
| Iron (mg) | 1.6 | 9.9 |
| Retinol (μg) | 1 | 0 |
| Riboflavin (mg) | 0.13 | 0.08 |
| Niacin (mg) | 0.43 | 0.85 |
| Vitamin C (mg) | 38.4 | 2.4 |

Once exposed to sunlight, oca can be boiled, baked, or fried. In the Andes it is used in stews and soups, served like potatoes, or can be served as a sweet. Cultivars in this category are referred to in Quechua as *wayk'u* (boiling), *misk'i* (sweet/delicious) and in Aymara as *q'ini*.

Sour oca and sweet oca form distinct genetic clusters based on AFLP data. This suggests the possibility of distinct evolutionary histories for each use-category.

### Nutrition

Oca is a source of carbohydrates, dietary minerals, and protein. Cultivars vary substantially in nutritional content.

## Cultivation

Oca is one of the important staple crops of the Andean highlands due to its easy propagation and tolerance for poor soil, high altitude, and harsh climates.

### Distribution

Oca is planted in the Andean region from Venezuela to Argentina, from 2800 to 4100 meters above sea level. Its highest abundance and most extraordinary diversity are in central Peru and northern Bolivia, the probable area of its domestication.

### Climate requirements

Oca needs a long growing season and is day length dependent, forming tubers when the day length shortens in autumn (around March in the Andes). In addition, oca requires climates with average temperatures of approximately 10 to 12 °C (ranging between 4 and 17 °C) and average precipitation of 700 to 885 millimeters per year.

Oca requires short days to form tubers. Outside the tropics, it will not begin to form tubers until approximately the autumn equinox. The plant will die before producing tubers if frosts occur too soon after the autumn equinox.

### Soil requirements

Oca grows with very low production inputs, generally on plots of marginal soil quality, and tolerates acidities between about pH 5.3 and 7.8. In traditional Andean cropping systems, it is often planted after potato and therefore benefits from persisting nutrients applied to, or leftover from, the potato crop.

### Propagation

Oca is usually propagated vegetatively by planting whole tubers.

Propagation by seed is possible but is rarely used in practice. Sexual propagation is complicated by several factors. First, like many other species in the genus *Oxalis*, oca flowers exhibit tristylous heterostyly and are consequently subject to auto-incompatibility. Furthermore, on the rare occasion that oca plants do produce fruit, their loculicidal capsules dehisce spontaneously, making it difficult to harvest seed. Oca flowers are pollinated by insects (e.g., genera *Apis*, *Megachile*, and *Bombus*).

### Cropping factors

Oca tuber seeds are planted in the Andes in August or September and harvested from April to June. The first flowers bloom around three to four months after planting, and the tubers also begin to form. Between planting and harvesting, the oca crop requires little tending, except for a couple of weedings and hillings.

Oca is a component of traditional crop rotations and is usually planted in a field directly after the potato harvest. A standard sequence in this rotation system may be one year of potato, one year of oca, one year of oats or faba beans, and two to four years fallow. Within this system, **q’allpa** is a Quechua term that signifies soil previously cultivated and prepared for the planting of a new crop.

The cultural practice is similar to potatoes. Planting is done in rows or hills 80–100 cm apart, with plants spaced 40–60 cm apart in the rows. Monoculture predominates, but interplanting with several other tuber species, including mashua and olluco, in one field is common in Andean production. Often, this intercropping consists of several different varieties of each species. Such mixed fields may later be sorted into tuber types during harvest or before cooking.

### Yields

Yields vary with the cultural method. Annals from Andean countries report about 7-10 tonnes per hectare of *O. tuberosa* production. However, with adequate inputs and virus-free propagation material, oca production can range from 35 to 55 tonnes per hectare.

### Limitations

Pests and diseases limit the production of oca. Crops in the Andes are often infected with viruses, causing chronic yield depression. Adequate techniques to remove viruses have to be applied before the varieties can be used outside the Andean region. Cultivation is also constrained by the Andean potato weevil (*Premnotrypes spp*), ulluco weevil (*Cylydrorhinus spp*), and oca weevil, the identification of which remains uncertain (possibly *Adioristidius*, *Mycrotrypes*, or *Premnotrypes*). These weevils often destroy entire crops. Further notable pests are nematodes.

As already mentioned, both day-length restrictions and the presence of oxalates can also be considered limiting factors. Scientists work with specific breeding, selection, and virus-cleaning programs for these purposes.

## Conservation efforts

Several ongoing ex situ and in situ conservation projects currently focus on the preservation of *O. tuberosa* diversity. The International Potato Center (CIP) in Peru has several hundred accessions of oca collected from regions in Bolivia, Argentina, and Peru to help ensure and maintain diversity. There are further efforts to collect accession of oca in regions where habitat destruction and pests threaten the diversity of wild oca accessions.

## Alternative names

## Further reading

* Davidson, Alan (1999). "Oca". *Oxford Companion to Food*. Oxford University Press. p. 547. ISBN 0-19-211579-0.

## InfoBox

| *Oxalis tuberosa* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Yellow and purple *O. tuberosa* tubers | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Oxalidales |
| Family: | Oxalidaceae |
| Genus: | *Oxalis* |
| Species: | ***O. tuberosa*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Oxalis tuberosa***
Molina | |
|


title: Norman Yardley

abstract: Norman Walter Dransfield Yardley was an English cricketer who played for Cambridge University, Yorkshire County Cricket Club and England, as a right-handed batsman and occasional bowler. An amateur, he captained Yorkshire from 1948 to 1955 and England on fourteen occasions between 1947 and 1950, winning four Tests, losing seven and drawing three. Yardley was named Wisden Cricketer of the Year in 1948, and in his obituary in Wisden Cricketers' Almanack he was described as Yorkshire's finest amateur since Stanley Jackson. Yardley played schoolboy cricket at St Peter's, York. A highly talented all-round sportsman, he went to St John's College, Cambridge, and won Blues at cricket, squash, Rugby fives and field hockey. In the university matches, he scored 90 in his second year, 101 in his third and was captain for his final year. He made his Yorkshire debut in 1936 and played for the county until 1955, when he retired as a player. He made his Test match debut against South Africa in 1939 and after the Second World War was chosen as vice-captain to Wally Hammond on the 1946—47 tour of Australia where he captained England in the fifth Test. He followed Hammond as skipper in 1947, and captained England intermittently until 1950 when his business commitments allowed. In 1948 he succeeded to the Yorkshire leadership when Brian Sellers resigned. Yardley remained in the position until 1955, during a time when Yorkshire had several difficult players in their dressing room. Under Yardley, Yorkshire were joint champions in 1949 but subsequently on a number of occasions, too often for the liking of supporters, finished second to Surrey in the County Championship. He served as a Test match selector between 1951 and 1954, acting as chairman of selectors in 1952. He was President of Yorkshire C.C.C. from 1981 to 1983, when he resigned after becoming involved in controversy over the decision to release Geoffrey Boycott in 1983. He died after a stroke in 1989.

text:
# Norman Yardley

**Norman Walter Dransfield Yardley** (19 March 1915 – 3 October 1989) was an English cricketer who played for Cambridge University, Yorkshire County Cricket Club and England, as a right-handed batsman and occasional bowler. An amateur, he captained Yorkshire from 1948 to 1955 and England on fourteen occasions between 1947 and 1950, winning four Tests, losing seven and drawing three. Yardley was named Wisden Cricketer of the Year in 1948, and in his obituary in *Wisden Cricketers' Almanack* he was described as Yorkshire's finest amateur since Stanley Jackson.

Yardley played schoolboy cricket at St Peter's, York. A highly talented all-round sportsman, he went to St John's College, Cambridge, and won Blues at cricket, squash, Rugby fives and field hockey. In the university matches, he scored 90 in his second year, 101 in his third and was captain for his final year. He made his Yorkshire debut in 1936 and played for the county until 1955, when he retired as a player. He made his Test match debut against South Africa in 1939 and after the Second World War was chosen as vice-captain to Wally Hammond on the 1946—47 tour of Australia where he captained England in the fifth Test. He followed Hammond as skipper in 1947, and captained England intermittently until 1950 when his business commitments allowed. In 1948 he succeeded to the Yorkshire leadership when Brian Sellers resigned. Yardley remained in the position until 1955, during a time when Yorkshire had several difficult players in their dressing room. Under Yardley, Yorkshire were joint champions in 1949 but subsequently on a number of occasions, too often for the liking of supporters, finished second to Surrey in the County Championship. He served as a Test match selector between 1951 and 1954, acting as chairman of selectors in 1952. He was President of Yorkshire C.C.C. from 1981 to 1983, when he resigned after becoming involved in controversy over the decision to release Geoffrey Boycott in 1983. He died after a stroke in 1989.

## Early life

Yardley was born in Royston, near Barnsley, on 19 March 1915 to a family with no real background in cricket. He was sent to St Peter's, York, where he made a good impression as a cricketer, being in the school team for five years from 1930 and captain in his final two years. In 1933, his first season in charge, he scored 973 runs at an average of 88.45, scoring three centuries in consecutive innings. He headed the bowling averages, with 40 wickets at 11.90 runs per wicket. His form that season saw him selected for the match between Young Amateurs and Young Professionals at Lord's Cricket Ground, in which Yardley scored 189 in his first representative match, playing against his future England team-mate Denis Compton. In 1934, Yardley played in two further representative matches at Lord's, for The Rest against Lord's Schools, and for Public Schools against The Army, making 117, the first century in the fixture for Public Schools, and 63. *Wisden Cricketers' Almanack* later cited these successes as a demonstration of his ability to perform well on important occasions. While still at school, he came to the attention of Yorkshire County Cricket Club, playing for the Yorkshire Colts side and receiving coaching from George Hirst. He played for Yorkshire Second XI once in 1932, twice in 1933 and twice in 1934.

## First-class cricketer

### University Cricketer

Leaving St Peter's School, Yardley went to St John's College, Cambridge University, where he immediately began to show all-round ability at sports. He won the North of England Squash Championships every year between 1934 and 1939, and won his Blue in hockey, squash, and Rugby fives. However, his main distinction came from cricket, where he was a Blue in each his four years at Cambridge. He played for the University team in his first year, the 1935 season, making ten first-class appearances without much success. His *Wisden* obituary noted that "class rather than performance guaranteed his place." He made his first-class debut against Sussex, scoring a duck in his first innings and 24 runs in the second. He passed fifty on just one occasion that season, scoring 319 runs at an average of 16.78, and bowled 69 balls without taking a wicket. Nevertheless, he played in the University Match, scoring just 19 and 36.

In the following season, Yardley improved considerably, becoming a dominant force in University Cricket according to *Wisden*. His maiden first-class century came in a narrow Cambridge victory over the Army, and he scored a second against Surrey, remaining not out for 116 in a total of 359. Bowling much more regularly, his maiden wickets in first-class cricket came in a performance of four wickets for 45 against Yorkshire, including the wicket of Len Hutton. Yardley topped the Cambridge batting averages and played an effective innings of 90 in the University Match. This display impressed Stanley Jackson, an influential former Yorkshire amateur cricketer, and he urged the Yorkshire selectors to include Yardley in the first team. Yardley was still appearing in the county second team at this stage, but at the end of August, he made his debut for the Yorkshire first eleven, appearing in the County Championship match against Derbyshire. He scored 12 in his only innings and took a wicket. He played in a further seven matches for Yorkshire, scoring 309 runs in ten innings with a highest score of 89 against Hampshire, with further fifties against Surrey and Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC). In all first-class cricket that season, Yardley scored 1,017 runs at an average of 37.66 and took 12 wickets at an average of 26.08.

Yardley continued to make progress in his batting in 1937. For Cambridge, he scored fifties against the Army and Surrey. Against Hampshire he took four for 47 and five for 41, and when Cambridge collapsed to 35 for six chasing a victory target of 141, he scored 64 not out to take the side to a win. Playing Sussex, he scored a century and took four for 36, while in the University match, he scored 101 in two and a half hours. Yardley's form saw him selected for the Gentlemen against the Players at Lord's, although he scored only 7 and 4, and when he joined Yorkshire after the Cambridge season, he made his first century for the county against Surrey, as well as three other fifties. His overall first-class figures were 1,472 runs at an average of 33.45 and 31 wickets at an average of 21.87. He was picked for the winter MCC tour of India, under the captaincy of Lord Tennyson, where he scored 519 runs at an average 25.95 but only took one wicket. No official Tests were played on the tour, but Yardley played in the representative matches which took place, scoring 96 in the first game, but his highest score in four other innings was 31.

Honours continued to come Yardley's way in the 1938 season. He was chosen to captain Cambridge in his final season in the team; although his side did not win a match, Yardley enjoyed some personal success. Among his fifties were innings of 67 against the touring Australian team and 61 in the University Match. He was included in different representative sides; he was selected in a Test trial, playing for the Rest, and played a second game against the Australians for the Gentlemen of England, although he did not pass fifty in either match. For the Gentlemen against the Players, Yardley scored 88. He did not make the full England side but was twelfth man in two Tests against Australia. His highest innings of the season was 97 for Yorkshire against Gloucestershire, and in all first-class matches, Yardley accumulated 1,217 runs at an average of 31.20 and took 22 wickets at 35.45.

### Test debut and war service

By this stage, Yorkshire regarded Yardley as the heir to Brian Sellers as captain, and the England Test selectors also began to prepare him to assume the England captaincy. At the end of the 1938 season, Yardley was chosen to tour South Africa with MCC as vice-captain to Wally Hammond. He made a good start to the tour, scoring centuries in his first two innings, both surpassing his previous highest score. *Wisden* noted that he made a good impression on spectators in these early matches. In his fourth match, he captained the MCC in Hammond's absence for the first time. When Len Hutton was injured in a tour match and missed the first Test, Yardey made his debut but scored just seven runs in a total of 422 and did not bat in the second innings. Hutton returned for the second match, and the successes of other batsmen meant that Yardley was not required in the other Tests on the tour. However, he scored a third century when he captained the MCC against Border.

Having built up a reputation as one of the best amateur cricketers in England, Yardley played three early season matches for the MCC, but he was selected for neither the Gentlemen nor for England that year. He played his first full season for Yorkshire, scoring centuries against Cambridge, Warwickshire and Sussex; in total, he scored 1,086 runs at an average of 27.84 and took 17 wickets.

War brought first-class cricket to an end in 1939, and Yardley joined the 1st Battalion of the Green Howards, along with his Yorkshire team-mate Hedley Verity. After training in Omagh, Northern Ireland, where he played several cricket matches with Verity, he served in India, Iran, Syria, Egypt, Sicily, Italy and Iraq. In January 1944, he was wounded in Italy, rejoining the 1st Battalion in Iraq on his recovery to become an instructor, before being demobilised at the end of the war.

## Career after the war

### Tour to Australia in 1946–47

When County cricket resumed in England in 1946, Yorkshire won the County Championship. Yardley scored 788 runs at an average of 23.17, with just one century, for Yorkshire against Nottinghamshire. With the ball, he was used less frequently than before the war and took only nine wickets. He was not selected for any Test matches, but appeared for England in a Test trial and scored 39 and 11. He also played twice for the MCC and represented the Gentlemen against the Players, making 29 and a duck in a heavy defeat for the amateurs. Critics regarded his season as unsuccessful, but he was chosen as vice-captain to Hammond on the tour to Australia that winter, continuing his pre-war role.

It was intended that Yardley would appear lower down in the batting order, batting with a substantial total accumulated by the previous batsmen. However, the frailties of the England batting meant he often appeared in a crisis and had to rebuild several innings. Bill Bowes, the Yorkshire and England bowler who covered the tour as a journalist, was impressed by Yardley's approach, noting that he did not back away from the fast bowlers, who frequently bowled bouncers at him: "In fact, Yardley played cricket with a determination we had never seen in Yorkshire or in his days at the university." He made the greatest impression as a bowler, surprising commentators with his effectiveness. He did not bowl in the first six matches, but in his first over of the tour dismissed Arthur Morris who had already scored a century. From that point, he was used effectively to break up partnerships. In the Tests, he removed Donald Bradman in three successive innings, while in the third Test, he took two wickets, including Bradman, in two deliveries. Bowes believed the natural length of Yardley's bowling was perfect for Australian pitches—he was not skilful enough to alter the length at which he bowled so his bowling in other conditions was less effective. The Australian reporter Clif Cary wrote "It was always amusing to watch the Englishmen when Yardley took a wicket. The first time they seemed fairly amused, but when he was regularly breaking partnerships, their enthusiasm knew no bounds, and it is said that in Melbourne after he had obtained Bradman's wicket for the third time, Yardley blushed profusely when one excited team-mate slapped him on the back and shouted "Well, bowled, Spofforth".

In the Tests, Yardley's only scores over fifty, his first in Test cricket, came in the third Test, where he scored 61 and 53 not out. In England's first innings, he helped his side to recover from a batting collapse, surviving for two hours. His second innings lasted 89 minutes and helped England to avoid defeat for the first time in the series. In the same match, Yardley bowled more overs than he had done previously on the whole tour, following injuries to Bill Voce and Bill Edrich, two of England's main bowlers. Bowling leg theory with a fielders concentrated on the leg side, Yardley managed to move the ball off the seam. He dismissed Bradman twice in the match, having figures of three for 67 in the second innings and taking five wickets in the match. This was the first time that an England player had scored fifty runs in both innings and taken five wickets in a Test. Yardley also had substantial bowling workload in the fourth Test, delivering 31 overs in Australia's first innings to take three for 101. When Hammond did not play in the final Test, Yardley became captain, doing so courageously according to *Wisden*, which also pointed out that Yardley used field placing more effectively than Hammond. In the series, Yardley scored 252 runs at an average of 32.50, His ten wickets at an average of 37.20 placed him first in the series bowling averages. He played in the drawn Test on the short tour to New Zealand which followed, opening the batting scoring 22 and taking a wicket.

### England captain

Yardley enjoyed his most successful season with the bat in the 1947 season, scoring 1,906 runs at an average of 44.32 with five centuries; his bowling took eleven wickets. Following Hammond's retirement immediately after the 1946–47 tour, Yardley captained England against South Africa throughout the season. In the first Test, he made his highest Test score. England were unexpectedly made to follow on in the face of a large South African total; when Yardley came to the crease in the second innings, England looked likely to be defeated at 170 for four, still 155 runs behind the tourists. Yardley scored 99, being caught in the slips just before reaching his century, but his batting had helped to save the game and earned praise from *Wisden* for "batting soundly".He eventually became the first test captain to be dismissed for 99 in a test innings Yardley and Denis Compton added 237, which was a record partnership for the fifth wicket in England and remains, in August 2010, England's best fifth wicket stand against South Africa. Yardley's only other score over fifty in the series came in the drawn fifth Test when he scored 59. However, he scored 41 in just over an hour in helpful conditions for fast bowlers in the third Test and 36 on a difficult pitch in the fourth Test. Yardley scored 273 runs at an average of 39.00 in the series. In contrast to his efforts in Australia, he bowled just six overs in the series without taking a wicket. England won the second, third and fourth Tests to win the series, helped by a negative approach from the tourists. Yardley captained the Gentlemen against the Players for the first time, at Lord's and Scarborough, and captained The Rest against Middlesex, the County Champions. His batting and captaincy in the season earned him selection as one of *Wisden's* Cricketers of the Year.

### Playing the Invincibles

Following Brian Sellers resignation, Yardley was appointed Yorkshire captain at the start of the 1948 season. With his England commitments and other absences, he only played in 12 County Championship matches. He had not toured the West Indies with MCC in 1947–48, when Gubby Allen captained the side. However, Yardley resumed his leadership of England when Australia, captained by Bradman, toured the country without losing a match. Yardley led the MCC in an early match against the tourists, and captained England in a Test trial, but only played three other games, all for Yorkshire, before the first Test, with a top score of 46.

In the first Test, England were bowled out for 165 after Yardley won the toss and batted in difficult conditions. *Wisden* did not blame Yardley for the collapse as England did not bat well. He then set defensive fields to keep down Australia's scoring rate, taking a wicket himself with his fourth ball as part of figures of two for 32. The Australian batsmen found it difficult to score quickly against the negative tactics but still established a lead of 344. Yardley batted an hour in the second innings to score 22 but Australia recorded an eight wicket win. Before the second Test, Yardley played for Yorkshire against the Australians, and although unsuccessful with the bat, took two for nine with the ball, his first wickets of the season for his county.

England adopted an aggressive strategy in the second Test, but could not avoid a second defeat. Yardley frequently changed his bowlers to unsettle the Australians in their first innings, and took two for 35 himself as England briefly held the advantage. However, the lower order batsmen mounted a recovery, Yardley being criticised for his reluctance to bowl Doug Wright. The England captain then arrested a batting collapse by adding 87 with Denis Compton, scoring 44 himself, but Australia led by 135 on first innings. Yardley took two wickets in two balls in Australia's second innings, narrowly missing a hat-trick when Keith Miller only just got his bat down on the ball to avoid being bowled, and had figures of two for 36, but Australia scored 460 for seven and bowled England out for 186. In between Tests, Yardley scored his only century of the season, but his contributions to the third Test were minimal. He scored 22 and bowled four wicketless overs. However, the home side fought back in the match, for which Len Hutton was dropped. England scored 363 and bowled out Australia for 221. They scored 174 for three before declaring, but rain intervened to prevent Yardley pushing for a win.

England maintained their newly confident approach, being on top for most of the fourth Test. Yardley's men scored 496 and achieved a first innings lead of 38, Yardley contributing two wickets. England increased their lead by 365 before Yardley declared. He kept the team batting for five minutes on the last day, allowing him to use the heavy roller to quicken the break-up of the pitch. Australia had to score 404 in 345 minutes, a target considered unlikely as such a large total had never been made to win a Test match. In addition, the pitch was difficult to bat on by now and the spinners could turn the ball sharply. However, England made several errors: Godfrey Evans, the England wicket-keeper had a bad day and missed some stumping chances; three catches were dropped by fielders, and England's only specialist spinner, Jim Laker, bowled poorly. Consequently, Yardley was forced to use Denis Compton's bowling. Compton was not a specialist bowler and although he caused problems for the batsmen, Bill Bowes believed the selectors were mistaken in expecting him to be as effective as a front line spinner. Yardley seemed unsure of the best course of action as Bradman and Arthur Morris added 301 runs for the second wicket; he resorted to using the very occasional leg spin of Hutton, who was hit for 30 runs in four overs, although Yardley himself dropped a catch from Hutton's bowling. The pitch conditions were unfavourable for the faster bowlers, but the ineffectiveness of the spinners forced Yardley to take the new ball. Australia won by seven wickets; the spectators were unhappy with the inadequate English bowling and the absence of a suitable bowler to exploit the pitch on the last day. Bowes later criticised Yardley for allowing Australia to score quickly enough to win; he believed that Yardley used Hutton's bowling to encourage the tourists to take risks against lesser bowling to keep up with required rate of scoring, but he miscalculated in using such bowling for too long. *Wisden* also stated that England should have won the match.

Around this time, and particularly after the fourth Test defeat, critics suggested that Walter Robins, one of the selectors, should captain England to bring a more attacking approach to the job. However, Robins' age counted against him; the selectors were satisfied with Yardley's captaincy in what were difficult circumstances, and retained him for the final Test. In that match, he failed twice with the bat, scoring 7 and 9 as England were humiliated, bowled out for 52 and 188 to lose by an innings. England lost the series 4–0. Yardley managed 150 runs at an average of 16.66, not passing fifty in a single innings. However, he once again topped the England bowling averages, taking nine wickets at an average of 22.66. Bowes believed that the pressure of captaincy had affected Yardley's batting. Bowes also cast doubt on Yardley's future, stating that other commitments may have prevented his continuing to play cricket much longer.

Yardley's only other representative appearance in 1948 was as captain of the Gentlemen against the Players at Lords, where he scored 61. In the whole season, he scored 1,061 runs at an average of 29.47 and 14 wickets at an average of 35.14—he took just five wickets outside of the Tests.

### Captain of Yorkshire

Yardley was unavailable to captain the MCC tour of South Africa in the winter of 1948–49, which was led by George Mann. Mann did well enough to retain the position for two Tests in the 1949 season; Freddie Brown captained the other two and Yardley did not play for England that year. In all first-class matches that season, he scored 1,612 runs at an average of 37.48 and took 22 wickets at an average of 33.86. He did not score a century in the County Championship, but passed three figures for Yorkshire against the New Zealand touring team and for the North against the South in a festival match. His only representative game outside of festival matches was for the Gentlemen against the Players at Lord's; Mann was appointed captain for the game. That season, Yorkshire shared the County Championship with Middlesex, the only time Yorkshire won the competition during Yardley's leadership.

Yardley's batting form dipped in the 1950 season. He scored 1,082 runs at an average of 24.59, the final time he reached four figures in a season. With the ball he took 19 wickets at an average of 32.10. Yorkshire finished third in the County Championship behind joint winners Lancashire and Surrey. It took seven matches for Yardley to reach fifty runs in an innings, but he hit centuries against Surrey, Somerset and Scotland in the second half of the season. The West Indies toured England and Yardley resumed the England captaincy; he also captained MCC against the tourists and England against The Rest in a Test trial. However, neither Yardley nor Mann, the two likeliest candidates, were able to accept the captaincy of the MCC side in Australia that winter. The selectors spent much of the season assessing other players. Although Yardley represented the Gentlemen against the Players, the side was led by Brown, who scored a century and was appointed captain of the touring side. Brown also assumed the captaincy of England for the final Test against West Indies and Yardley was left out of the team. In the three Tests he played, Yardley scored 108 runs at an average of 18.00 with a top score of 41. He won the first Test but lost the next two, West Indies' first Test wins in England; the final Test was also lost by Brown. Following this series, Yardley did not play any more Tests, although his name was mentioned as a potential captain in 1953 before Hutton was appointed as England's first professional captain of the twentieth century. At the time, Yardley was still considered the best amateur candidate. In 20 Tests, Yardley scored 812 runs at an average of 25.37 and four fifties. With the ball, he took 21 wickets at an average of 33.66. On the fourteen occasions he was captain, he won four times, lost seven and drew three.

Yorkshire finished second in the County Championship to Warwickshire in the 1951 season and second to Surrey in the 1952 season. However, in following season, Yorkshire dropped to equal twelfth, their worst ever finish at that time. In the following two seasons, the team were again runners up, Surrey winning on both occasions. Yardley scored more than 850 runs in each season, but only managed two more centuries. These were 183 not out against Hampshire in 1951, the highest innings of his career, and an unbeaten score of exactly 100 against Gloucestershire in his final season. His batting average was generally between 24 and 31, except in 1953 when in matches in England he averaged 36.53. Yardley used himself as a bowler more often in 1951 and 1952, delivering more overs than any other time in his career in the latter year. He took 32 and 43 wickets respectively in each season, his highest two season totals, and taking five wickets in an innings on three occasions, having only done so twice before. However, he bowled less often during his final three seasons, with a subsequent drop in his tally of wickets. His only representative cricket, apart from annual matches at the Scarborough Festival for the Gentlemen against the Players and occasionally for T. N. Pearce's XI, was the Gentlemen v Players match at Lord's in 1954.

Judgements were mixed on Yardley's performance as Yorkshire's captain. His record would have been considered good at any other county, but not by the standards set by previous Yorkshire sides. Critics felt that Yorkshire should have won the Championship with the players available. Contemporaries believed him to be the best captain in the country tactically, taking reasonable chances without too many risks and judging players strengths and weakness. Trevor Bailey, who played against him for Essex and under him for England, wrote that he thought him "an outstanding tactician and an expert on wicket behaviour. He was unquestionably one of the best captains I have ever played with or against. It has been said that he was too nice to lead Yorkshire, but I cannot think of anybody I have preferred playing under." Alan Gibson believed that unlike some county captains, Yardley was worth his place in the side on cricketing ability. However, he seemed unable to extract the best from his players. Jim Kilburn noted that he used orthodox tactics, even when a different approach was called for, while other critics believed that he was shocked by the attitude of some difficult players in the side. Neither Yardley nor Hutton, his senior professional, were disciplinarians in the dressing room and kept apart from others. Both were frequently absent, playing in representative matches. This may have inflamed the situation, leading to accusations that some players were out of control. Yardley disliked confrontation, and Ray Illingworth, who played under him, described him as too nice to stand up to his players. But Bob Appleyard, another of his former players, gives Yardley credit for recognising his potential and encouraging him to become a spinner, and believes that he and Hutton made a formidable pair of tacticians. Generally, he was popular with his players.

Between 1951 and 1954, Yardley served as a Test selector, serving as chairman in 1952 at the time when Hutton was chosen as England captain. Following the 1955 season, aged 40 and increasingly bothered by lumbago, Yardley retired from the team. He ended his first-class career with 18,173 runs at an average of 31.17, and 279 wickets at an average of 30.48. *Wisden* later described him as "the finest Yorkshire amateur since F. S. Jackson".

## Style and technique

Yardley had a good technique for batting. He possessed a fluent, attractive style, and his height allowed him to reach the ball and drive more comfortably than most. His best shots were on the leg side, using his strong wrists to turn the ball away when it was aimed towards his legs. Yardley performed best when his side was in difficulty, and he could play attacking or defensive innings depending on the situation. He bowled intelligently, leading to greater rewards than his gentle style led opponents to expect, but remained a reluctant bowler who was surprised by his own success. He was a good fielder in positions close to the batsmen.

## Career after cricket

Yardley worked as a wine merchant outside cricket. After his retirement from playing he worked as a cricket journalist and served as an expert summariser on *Test Match Special* from 1956 until 1969, as well as in 1973. According to David Frith, the only time he was moved to express severe disapproval was when Brian Close was dismissed after a poor shot in the Fourth Test in 1961 at Old Trafford; this was part of a final-day England collapse that handed Australia the match and a 2–1 series win after the hosts had been on course for victory and the series lead. Trevor Bailey, who was a colleague in the commentary box for the later part of Yardley's time with *Test Match Special*, wrote: "I always considered Norman Yardley to be an ideal summariser: accurate, informative and very sensible, and able to explain not only what happened but also the reasons why. His knowledge about pitches, tactics and the technicalities of the game was exceptional... Articulate, expert, and possessing considerable charge \[sic\], I thought his interpretation of events on the field and his post-session summaries were sound, balanced and never less than fair."

He served on the Yorkshire Cricket Committee, and from 1981, he was Yorkshire President. However, he became involved in the controversy surrounding Geoffrey Boycott, to whom the committee had decided not to give a new contract. Yardley resigned early in 1984 after a vote of no confidence, dismayed by the attitude of Boycott's supporters. Anthony Woodhouse wrote in his history of Yorkshire: "he conducted affairs in a fair and unbiased manner. Alas, he should never have been burdened with the politics of Yorkshire cricket in the 1980s." He died at Lodge Moor, Sheffield on 3 October 1989 following a stroke.

## Bibliography

* Bailey, Trevor (1986). *Wickets, Catches and the Odd Run*. Collins Willow. ISBN 0-00-218127-4.
* Bowes, Bill (1949). *Express Deliveries*. London: Stanley Paul.
* Chalke, Stephen; Hodgson, Derek (2003). *No Coward Soul. The remarkable story of Bob Appleyard*. Bath: Fairfield Books. ISBN 0-9531196-9-6.
* Gibson, Alan (1979). *The Cricket Captains of England*. London: Cassell. ISBN 0-304-29779-8.
* Hodgson, Derek (1989). *The Official History of Yorkshire County Cricket Club*. Ramsbury, Marlborough, Wiltshire: The Crowood Press. ISBN 1-85223-274-9.
* Swanton, E. W. (1999). *Cricketers of My Time*. London: Andre Deutsch. ISBN 0-233-99746-6.
* Woodhouse, Anthony (1989). *The History of Yorkshire County Cricket Club*. London: Christopher Helm. ISBN 0-7470-3408-7.

## InfoBox

Norman Yardley
| Yardley in 1946 | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Born | (1915-03-19)19 March 1915<br>Gawber, Barnsley, Yorkshire, England |
| Died | 3 October 1989(1989-10-03) (aged 74)<br>Lodge Moor, Sheffield, Yorkshire, England |
| Batting | Right-handed |
| Bowling | Right arm medium |
| Role | Middle-order batsman |
| International information | |
| National side |  |
| Test debut (cap 307) | 24 December 1938 v South Africa |
| Last Test | 20 July 1950 v West Indies |
|  | |
| Domestic team information | |
| Years | Team |
| 1935–1938 | Cambridge University |
| 1936–1955 | Yorkshire |
| 1938–1952 | MCC |
|  | |
| Career statistics | |
| Competition Test First-class  Matches 20 446  Runs scored 812 18,173  Batting average 25.37 31.17  100s/50s 0/4 27/83  Top score 99 183\*  Balls bowled 1,662 21,080  Wickets 21 279  Bowling average 33.66 30.48  5 wickets in innings 0 5  10 wickets in match 0 0  Best bowling 3/67 6/29  Catches/stumpings 14/– 328/1 | |
|  | |
| Source: CricketArchive, 17 August 2010 | |