title: Paweł Skowroński

abstract: Paweł Skowroński is a Polish sprint canoer who has competed since the late 2000s. He won two medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with a silver and a bronze.

text:
# Paweł Skowroński

**Paweł Skowroński** is a Polish sprint canoer who has competed since the late 2000s. He won two medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with a silver (C-4 500 m: 2006) and a bronze (C-2 200 m: 2010).

## InfoBox

Paweł Skowroński
| Medal record | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Men's canoe sprint | | |
| Event 1st 2nd 3rd  Olympic Games 0 0 0  World Championships 0 1 1  European Championships 0 2 1  European Games 0 0 0  **Total** **0** **3** **2** | | |
| World Championships | | |
|  | 2006 Szeged | C-4 500 m |
|  | 2010 Poznań | C-2 200 m |
| European Championships | | |
|  | 2007 Pontevedra | C4-500 m |
|  | 2009 Brandenburg | C2-500 m |
|  | 2005 Poznań | C2-1000m |


abstract: The women's 48 kilograms weightlifting event is the lightest women's event at the weightlifting competition, limiting competitors to a maximum of 48 kilograms of body mass. The competition took place on August 9 at 10:00 and was the first Weightlifting event to conclude. It was the second set of medals to be awarded at the Games, a few moments after the women's 10m Air Rifle. Each lifter performed in both the snatch and clean and jerk lifts, with the final score being the sum of the lifter's best result in each. The athlete received three attempts in each of the two lifts; the score for the lift was the heaviest weight successfully lifted. Chen Xiexia and Sibel Özkan initially won the gold and the silver medals, but in 2016 their results were annulled due to a doping violation from a reanalysis of samples from 2008.

text:
# Weightlifting at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Women's 48 kg

The **women's 48 kilograms** weightlifting event is the lightest women's event at the weightlifting competition, limiting competitors to a maximum of 48 kilograms of body mass. The competition took place on August 9 at 10:00 and was the first Weightlifting event to conclude. It was the second set of medals to be awarded at the Games, a few moments after the women's 10m Air Rifle.

Each lifter performed in both the snatch and clean and jerk lifts, with the final score being the sum of the lifter's best result in each. The athlete received three attempts in each of the two lifts; the score for the lift was the heaviest weight successfully lifted.

Chen Xiexia and Sibel Özkan initially won the gold and the silver medals, but in 2016 their results were annulled due to a doping violation from a reanalysis of samples from 2008.

## Schedule

All times are China Standard Time (UTC+08:00)

| Date | Time | Event |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 9 August 2008 | 10:00 | Group A |

## Records

Prior to this competition, the existing world and Olympic records were as follows.

| **World Record** | Snatch | Yang Lian (CHN) | **98 kg** | Santo Domingo, Dominican | 1 October 2006 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Clean & Jerk | Chen Xiexia (CHN) | **120 kg** | Tai'an, China | 21 April 2007 |
| | Total | Yang Lian (CHN) | **217 kg** | Santo Domingo, Dominican | 1 October 2006 |
|  | | | | | | |
| **Olympic Record** | Snatch | Nurcan Taylan (TUR) | **97 kg** | Athens, Greece | 14 August 2004 |
| | Clean & Jerk | Aree Wiratthaworn (THA) | **115 kg** | Athens, Greece | 14 August 2004 |
| | Total | Nurcan Taylan (TUR) | **210 kg** | Athens, Greece | 14 August 2004 |

## Results

| Rank | Athlete | Group | Body weight | Snatch (kg) | | | | Clean & Jerk (kg) | | | | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | 1 | 2 | 3 | Result | 1 | 2 | 3 | Result | |
|  | Chen Wei-ling (TPE) | A | 47.11 | 84 | ~~87~~ | ~~87~~ | 84 | 108 | 112 | ~~115~~ | 112 | **196** |
|  | Im Jyoung-hwa (KOR) | A | 47.62 | 83 | 86 | ~~88~~ | 86 | 106 | 110 | ~~113~~ | 110 | **196** |
|  | Pensiri Laosirikul (THA) | A | 47.67 | ~~85~~ | ~~85~~ | 85 | 85 | 110 | ~~114~~ | ~~114~~ | 110 | **195** |
| 4 | Hiromi Miyake (JPN) | A | 47.35 | 80 | ~~82~~ | ~~82~~ | 80 | 105 | ~~110~~ | ~~110~~ | 105 | **185** |
| 5 | Mélanie Noël (FRA) | A | 47.91 | 75 | 78 | 80 | 80 | 97 | ~~100~~ | ~~100~~ | 97 | **177** |
| 6 | Misaki Oshiro (JPN) | A | 47.62 | 77 | ~~80~~ | 80 | 80 | 92 | ~~96~~ | ~~96~~ | 92 | **172** |
| 7 | Marzena Karpińska (POL) | A | 47.62 | 79 | ~~82~~ | ~~82~~ | 79 | ~~92~~ | 92 | ~~97~~ | 92 | **171** |
| 8 | Marilou Dozois-Prévost (CAN) | A | 47.75 | 73 | 76 | ~~78~~ | 76 | ~~90~~ | 90 | ~~96~~ | 90 | **166** |
| 9 | Karla Moreno (NCA) | A | 47.07 | ~~65~~ | 65 | ~~71~~ | 65 | ~~83~~ | 83 | 85 | 85 | **150** |
|  | Pramsiri Bunphithak (THA) | A | 47.95 | ~~84~~ | ~~84~~ | ~~84~~ |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Genny Pagliaro (ITA) | A | 47.85 | ~~82~~ | ~~82~~ | ~~82~~ |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| DQ | Chen Xiexia (CHN) | A | 47.46 | 90 | 93 | 95 | 95 | 113 | 115 | 117 | 117 | ~~**212**~~ |
| DQ | Sibel Özkan (TUR) | A | 47.80 | 86 | ~~88~~ | 88 | 88 | ~~108~~ | 108 | 111 | 111 | ~~**199**~~ |
| DQ | Nurcan Taylan (TUR) | A | 47.84 | ~~84~~ | ~~84~~ | ~~84~~ |  |  |  |  |  |  |

* Chen Xiexia of China originally won the gold medal, but she was disqualified following a positive anti-doping test of her 2008 sample.
* Sibel Özkan of Turkey originally won the silver medal, but she was disqualified following a positive anti-doping test of her 2008 sample. On 1 December 2016, the Court of Arbitration for Sport dismissed Özkan's final appeal.

## New records

| Clean & Jerk | ~~117 kg~~ | ~~Chen Xiexia (CHN)~~ | ~~**OR**~~ |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Total | ~~212 kg~~ | ~~Chen Xiexia (CHN)~~ | ~~**OR**~~ |

## InfoBox

| Women's 48 kg<br>at the Games of the XXIX Olympiad | |
| --- | --- |
| Venue | Beihang University Gymnasium |
| Date | 9 August |
| Competitors | 14 from 11 nations |
| Medalists | |
| Chen Wei-ling  Chinese Taipei  Im Jyoung-hwa  South Korea  Pensiri Laosirikul  Thailand | |
|


title: Turnover

abstract: Turnover or turn over may refer to:

text:
# Turnover

**Turnover** or **turn over** may refer to:

## Arts, entertainment, and media

## Business

* Turnover (employment), relative rate at which an employer gains and loses staff
* Asset turnover or asset turns, a financial ratio that measures the efficiency of a company's use of its assets in generating sales revenue
* Customer attrition, the rate at which a business loses customers, sometimes called the churn
* Inventory turnover or inventory turns, a measure of the number of times inventory is sold or used in a time period
* Sales turnover or revenue, income a business has from sales
* Turnover tax, an indirect tax similar to a sales tax or a VAT

## Science

## Sports

* Turnover (basketball), when a player loses possession of the ball resulting from a steal, going out of bounds, committing a violation, or committing an offensive foul
* Turnover (gridiron football), in American and Canadian football when the offense loses possession of the football because of a fumble, interception, or on downs
* Turnover (rugby league), when a team loses possession or at the end of a team's six tackles
* Turnover (rugby union), when a team loses possession in a ruck or a maul

## Other uses


title: Pulse (2006 film)

abstract: Pulse is a 2006 American techno-horror film directed by Jim Sonzero from a screenplay co-written by Wes Craven, and starring Kristen Bell, Ian Somerhalder and Christina Milian. It is an English-language adaptation of Kiyoshi Kurosawa's 2001 Japanese film of the same name. The film was released by Dimension Films on August 11, 2006. It received generally negative reviews, with more critics considering it inferior to its source material. It spawned two straight-to-DVD sequels: Pulse 2: Afterlife and Pulse 3, both released in 2008.

text:
# Pulse (2006 film)

***Pulse*** is a 2006 American techno-horror film directed by Jim Sonzero from a screenplay co-written by Wes Craven, and starring Kristen Bell, Ian Somerhalder and Christina Milian. It is an English-language adaptation of Kiyoshi Kurosawa's 2001 Japanese film of the same name.

The film was released by Dimension Films on August 11, 2006. It received generally negative reviews, with more critics considering it inferior to its source material. It spawned two straight-to-DVD sequels: *Pulse 2: Afterlife* and *Pulse 3*, both released in 2008.

## Plot

When Josh Ockmann enters a dark university library hoping to find a man named Douglas Ziegler, he is attacked by a humanoid spirit that sucks the life force out of him. Some days later, Josh's girlfriend, Mattie Webber, visits his apartment, seeing evidence that it has not been well kept. Josh tells Mattie to wait in the kitchen while he walks off. While waiting, she finds Josh's pet cat locked in a closet and dying from severe malnutrition. But when she rushes to tell him, she finds that he has committed suicide by hanging himself with an Internet cable.

Mattie and her friends begin to receive online messages from Josh asking for help but assume that Josh's computer is still on and that a virus is creating the messages. Mattie learns that Josh's computer has been sold to Dex McCarthy, who finds several strange videos on the computer. Mattie receives a package that Josh mailed two days before his death. Inside are rolls of red tape and a message telling her that the tape keeps "them" out, although he does not know why. Later, Dex visits Mattie and shows her video messages that Josh was sending to Ziegler. Josh had hacked Ziegler's computer system and then distributed a virus. This virus had unlocked a portal that connected the realm of the living to the realm of the dead. Josh believed he had coded a counter to the virus and wanted to meet Ziegler at the library. Josh's counter-program is found on a memory stick taped inside the PC case with red tape.

Dex and Mattie visit Ziegler and find his room plastered in red tape. They believe that the red tape keeps the spirits out. Ziegler tells them of a project he worked on where he found "frequencies no one knew existed". Opening these frequencies somehow allowed the spirits to travel to the world of the living. Ziegler also tells them that these spirits "take away your will to live" and where to find the main server infected with the virus.

Dex and Mattie find the server and upload Josh's fix, causing the system to crash and the spirits to vanish. Moments later, however, the system reboots, and the spirits return, leaving Mattie and Dex with no option but to flee the city by car. Over the car radio, Mattie and Dex hear a report from the Army announcing the location of several "safe zones" with no Internet connections, cell phones, or televisions. As Dex and Mattie are driving to a safe zone, a voice-over from Mattie is heard saying, "We can never go back. The cities are theirs. Our lives are different now. What was meant to connect us instead connected us to forces that we could have never imagined. The world we knew is gone, but the will to live never dies. Not for us, and not for them". The film closes by showing various clips of abandoned cities, which include a window of an apartment with Josh looking through it.

## Cast

## Production

### Development

Following the premiere of *Pulse* at the Un Certain Regard, Dimension Films acquired the rights to the Japanese film, as well as the rights to a remake. Wes Craven was attached to *Pulse* shortly thereafter. Kiyoshi Kurosawa, director of the original film, was initially expected to helm the remake before Craven became officially involved. By June 2002, Craven had written the script with Vince Gilligan, with Kirsten Dunst was eyed for the lead role. Craven worked on the film up until 2003, when Harvey Weinstein and Bob Weinstein asked Craven to direct *Cursed* instead; Craven declined due to lack of interest. With ten days out from filming, the studio pulled the plug on the film as a means to draw Craven onto *Cursed*. In April 2004, the project was revived. Jim Sonzero took over as director and worked with *Hellraiser: Deader* scribe Tim Day for rewrites. Day would later be replaced by Ray Wright.

### Pre-production

In March 2005, reports indicated that Craven was still involved with the project. However, when talking to *Fangoria* at the time of the film's release, Craven said he was not involved in the making of the film. At the end of the month, Kristen Bell and Steve Talley joined the cast. Ian Somerhalder and Christina Milan rounded out the cast in April and June. Final additions to the cast included Jonathan Tucker, Corryn Cummins, Rick Gonzalez, Riki Lindhome, Samm Levine, Amanda Tepe and Joseph Gatt.

### Filming

Principal production for *Pulse* lasted between June and September 2005 in Bucharest, Romania.

## Release

*Pulse* was released on August 11, 2006, by Dimension Films. The film was initially set for release on March 3, 2006.

## Reception

### Box office

The film grossed over $8 million in its opening weekend in the United States. By its close on October 12, 2006, the film had grossed just over $20 million in the U.S., along with a foreign-box-office total, of just over $7.5 million, for a worldwide take of almost $28 million, compared with a production budget of approximately $20.5 million. As a DVD rental, the film has grossed a further $25 million.

### Critical reception

Upon release, *Pulse* was negatively received by critics. On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, 11% of 73 critics' reviews are positive, with an average rating of 3.7/10. The website's consensus reads: "Another stale American remake of a successful Japanese horror film, *Pulse* bypasses the emotional substance of the original and overcompensates with pumped-up visuals and every known horror cliche." On Metacritic, the film holds a 27 out of 100, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews".

Jamie Russell of the BBC gave the film 2/5 stars, writing that director Sonzero "reboots the original's apocalyptic dread to produce a remake that ain't an upgrade." Frank Scheck of *The Hollywood Reporter* said the film "isn't nearly as scary as watching your hard drive crash or having your BlackBerry conk out in the middle of a vital call." *Variety*'s Robert Koehler wrote: "Unlike Kurosawa's storytelling choices, which stressed a distended grasp of time and an atmospheric sense of dread that couldn't quite be pinned down, the new *Pulse* takes everything literally and is most concerned with turning Mattie into a blonde hottie in distress."

Nick Schager of *Slant* was more positive in his review, calling it "a reasonably sinister scary movie that faithfully taps into its predecessor’s irrational, existential dread and distrust of technology." He gave it 2.5/4 stars.

In 2011, *The Hollywood Reporter* included *Pulse* in a list titled: "Halloween Gone Wrong: The 10 Least Scary Movies of All Time".

## Sequels

The film was followed by two sequels: *Pulse 2: Afterlife*, and *Pulse 3*. Both were released in 2008 and were written and directed by Joel Soisson.

## InfoBox

| Pulse | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | Jim Sonzero |
| Screenplay by | Wes Craven
Ray Wright |
| Based on | *Pulse*
by Kiyoshi Kurosawa |
| Produced by | Anant Singh
Brian Cox
Michael Leahy
Joel Soisson |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Mark Plummer |
| Edited by | Bob Mori
Robert K. Lambert
Kirk M. Morri |
| Music by | Elia Cmiral |
| Production
companies |  |
| Distributed by | Dimension Films |
| Release date | * August 11, 2006 (2006-08-11) |
| Running time | 86 minutes |
| Country | * United States |
| Language | English |
| Budget | $20.5 million |
| Box office | $30 million |


title: Lenny Levy

abstract: Leonard Howard Levy was an American professional baseball player, coach and scout. He coached in Major League Baseball for the Pittsburgh Pirates for seven seasons (1957–1963).

text:
# Lenny Levy

**Leonard Howard Levy** (June 11, 1913 – February 2, 1993) was an American professional baseball player, coach and scout. He coached in Major League Baseball for the Pittsburgh Pirates for seven seasons (1957–1963).

## Biography

Of Jewish descent, Levy was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. In 1932, he graduated from Taylor Allderdice High School, where he was on the baseball, basketball, and football teams. He started out as a ticket taker at Forbes Field. He became a batboy for the Pirates, and was a catcher in the minor leagues during 1936. During World War II, he was stationed in China with the Marines. He began his coaching career in 1947. He worked as a talent scout from 1951 to 1956. After his baseball career, Levy opened a car dealership in Pittsburgh.

Levy was later inducted into the Western Pennsylvania Jewish Sports Hall of Fame. He died in Palm Desert, California.

## InfoBox

| Lenny Levy | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | Leonard Howard Levy
June 11, 1913
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S. |
| Died | February 2, 1993(1993-02-02) (aged 79)
Palm Desert, California, U.S. |
| Education | Taylor Allderdice High School |
| Occupation(s) | Baseball player, scout and coach; car dealership owner |
| Height | 5'10½ |


title: Token resistance

abstract: Token resistance is a term, commonly referred to in the seduction community, denoting a rejection of advances, almost always of the sexual kind, with intention of actually engaging in the activity that was initially rejected.

text:
# Token resistance

**Token resistance** is a term, commonly referred to in the seduction community, denoting a rejection of advances, almost always of the sexual kind, with intention of actually engaging in the activity that was initially rejected.

## Scientific validity

One study has refuted the stereotype that most women engage in token resistance to sex, with results indicating that perhaps only a very small fraction of women and men have ever engaged in token resistance based on the definition stated within the study.

**Token Resistance** is reported by women and men. There's results for men and women when they say "no" to something in a sexual context, the majority of times, it means no.


title: Mardi Gras (music group)

abstract: Mardi Gras was an American, New York based, rock and roll group. They released several singles which were hits throughout Europe from 1970 to 1972, followed by an eponymous album in 1972, on Peter Anders and Vini Poncia's Map City Records label. The core of the group was three friends, Lou Burgio, Bob Azzara, and Flip Cesario, who had performed in other bands, including the Royal Teens and Joey and the Twisters in the early 1960s. Their first release, a cover of "Girl, I've Got News for You," reached number 1 in France, and moved high up the charts in Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, and elsewhere in Europe. They followed this with a cover of "Too Busy Thinking About My Baby," which again charted highly across Europe, including peaking at number 19 in the UK Singles Chart in 1972. They released two other singles, "Every Day I Have to Cry Some" (1971), and "Paris Sunshine" (1972), soon after issuing their only album. They recorded one more record, backing the French singer, Michel Laurent, on "Sing Sing Barbara" which reached number 1 across parts of Europe, staying at the top of the charts in Italy for six consecutive months.

text:
# Mardi Gras (music group)

**Mardi Gras** was an American, New York based, rock and roll group. They released several singles which were hits throughout Europe from 1970 to 1972, followed by an eponymous album in 1972, on Peter Anders and Vini Poncia's Map City Records label. The core of the group was three friends, Lou Burgio, Bob Azzara, and Flip Cesario, who had performed in other bands, including the Royal Teens and Joey and the Twisters in the early 1960s.

Their first release, a cover of "Girl, I've Got News for You," reached number 1 in France, and moved high up the charts in Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, and elsewhere in Europe. They followed this with a cover of "Too Busy Thinking About My Baby," which again charted highly across Europe, including peaking at number 19 in the UK Singles Chart in 1972. They released two other singles, "Every Day I Have to Cry Some" (1971), and "Paris Sunshine" (1972), soon after issuing their only album.

They recorded one more record, backing the French singer, Michel Laurent, on "Sing Sing Barbara" which reached number 1 across parts of Europe, staying at the top of the charts in Italy for six consecutive months.

## Members

* Lou Burgio - Vocals, drums
* Bob Azzara - Farfisa organ, vocals
* Flip Cesario - Guitar, vocals
* Noel Koward - Vibes, vocals

## Discography

### Albums

* *Mardi Gras* (1970)
    + "Girl, I've Got News For You"
    + "Everyday I Have To Cry Some"
    + "Come Along"
    + "Letter Of Recommendation"
    + "I Just Can't Help Believing"
    + "Too Busy Thinking About My Baby"
    + "Hold Me"
    + "The Days"
    + "I Was Born Again"

### Singles

* "Girl, I've Got News For You" / "If I Can't Have You" (1970)
* "Too Busy Thinking About My Baby" / "Letter of Recommendation" (1970)
* "Every Day I Have to Cry Some" / "The Days" (1971)
* "Paris Sunshine" / "Give Me A Little Sign" (1972)
* Laurent et Mardi Gras: "Sing Sing Barbara" (1972) (Issued in English, French and Italian versions. Note the B-side was "Le Temple Bleu" by Laurent only)


title: Washington Sheffield

abstract: Washington Wentworth Sheffield was an American dental surgeon best known for inventing modern toothpaste in the 1870s. With the help of his son Lucius T. Sheffield, he was also the first to sell the paste in collapsible tubes. He was considered one of the most skilled dentists in New England and the United States, making important contributions to the fields of dentistry and dental surgery. Later in life, he spent most of his time as treasurer and manager of his companies, the Sheffield Dentifrice Company and the International Tooth Crown Company, in New London, Connecticut. As of 2023, his original toothpaste recipe continues to be packaged and sold as "Dr. Sheffield's: The Original Toothpaste."

text:
# Washington Sheffield

**Washington Wentworth Sheffield** (April 23, 1827 – November 4, 1897) was an American dental surgeon best known for inventing modern toothpaste in the 1870s. With the help of his son Lucius T. Sheffield, he was also the first to sell the paste in collapsible tubes. He was considered one of the most skilled dentists in New England and the United States, making important contributions to the fields of dentistry and dental surgery.

Later in life, he spent most of his time as treasurer and manager of his companies, the Sheffield Dentifrice Company (which later became Sheffield Pharmaceuticals) and the International Tooth Crown Company, in New London, Connecticut.

As of 2023, his original toothpaste recipe continues to be packaged and sold as "Dr. Sheffield's: The Original Toothpaste."

## Early life

Sheffield was born April 23, 1827 in North Stonington, Connecticut, the third of eight children of the Reverend John Sheffield and Eliza (née Lewis) Sheffield who married Feb. 6, 1820. Sheffield grew up in North Stonington, Connecticut, and was educated in its public schools.

## Career

As was the custom in the 18th and early 19th century, Sheffield began his career in 1850 training as an apprentice dentist with J. A. G. Comstock of New London, Connecticut. He furthered his dentistry education in New York City by working under Charles Allen and D. H. Porter.

In April 1852, Sheffield moved to New London, Connecticut and began a long and successful practice in dentistry and dental surgery. Dr. Sheffield became one of the most successful dentists and dental surgeons in the United States. Sheffield graduated, in 1865, from the Ohio College of Dental Surgery, the second oldest dental school in the United States, as a Doctor of Dental Surgery. In 1866, Dr. Sheffield received a naval commission from the President of the United States, Andrew Johnson, as a dental surgeon.

## Family

Sheffield married Miss Harriet P. Browne, daughter of Richard and Julia Browne of Providence, Rhode Island. This marriage produced one child, a son, Lucius T. Sheffield (May 28, 1854 – September 20, 1901). Lucius Sheffield grew up in New London, Connecticut, and attended Norwich Free Academy. Lucius followed his father into dentistry and dental surgery. Lucius attended Harvard Medical School and graduated from Harvard's American Academy of Dental Medicine in 1878. After graduation, from 1878 to 1879, Lucius traveled to Paris, France, to study and work in dentistry and dental surgery.

Lucius was in Paris watching artists prepare their paint palettes when he realized the collapsible tubes they used to squeeze paint onto palettes could be used to squeeze his father's toothpaste onto a toothbrush in a sanitary manner.

## Inventions

Tooth powder was popular up to World War II. Sheffield joined many doctors and dentists in formulating his own tooth powder for use on his patients and later as another product for his dentifrice company. Early in Sheffield's dental practice, he formulated a mouthwash which he used for years on his patients. When he and his son started the Sheffield Dentifrice Co. in 1880, they improved and reformulated that mouthwash and sold it as “Sheffield’s Elixir Balm” for the gums.

Based on contemporary news reports at the time, Sheffield conceived of a ready-made tooth crème in the mid-1870s and was using it on his patients with great praise from them. To this crème, he added various extracts of mints that left a very pleasing taste in the mouth of his patients which caused them to request samples of the toothpaste.

Sheffield shared his toothpaste formula with his son, L. T. Sheffield, who was a dentistry student at Harvard during this period. In response to toothpaste demands from patients, Sheffield started a manufacturing company, in early 1880. Initially, Sheffield was making toothpaste batches at his dental office at the corner of State Street and Green Street in New London, Connecticut. Demand grew rapidly and he was forced to build a laboratory and manufacturing facility behind his residence.

The Sheffield Dentifrice Co. started producing his mouthwash and an entirely new product. Sheffield and his son called this product “Dr. Sheffield’s Crème Angelique Dentifrice”. This product was the first toothpaste and it was sold in collapsible tubes. Sheffield's son, now a Doctor of Dentistry, registered the trademark of that first toothpaste in 1881.

In 1883, Sheffield revised the original “Crème Angelique” toothpaste formula. He called the revised formula “Dr. Sheffield’s Crème Dentifrice” toothpaste. This revised formula remained in production years after Dr. Sheffield's death in 1897. After 1900, the Sheffield Dentifrice Co. became a contract toothpaste manufacturer for many individuals and companies and has remained so to the present day.

From 1880 to 1892, the Sheffield Dentifrice Co. purchased collapsible tubes to package the toothpaste. Beginning in 1892, the company started manufacturing its own collapsible tubes by purchasing tube manufacturing presses and fabricating its own tube-making machinery. In 1896, Colgate & Company began selling its own toothpaste that mimicked Sheffield's ready-made toothpaste and sold it in collapsible tubes like Sheffield. In 1900, the dentifrice company started a new company called the New England Collapsible Tube Co.

During his career, Sheffield worked at the cutting edge of dental prosthetics. He specialized in dental bridges and tooth crowns. In 1885, Sheffield was granted a patent for a dental bridge to hold multiple crowns together on broken or decayed teeth. In 1886, Sheffield and his son formed the International Tooth Crown Company, with Lucius T. Sheffield, as president and W. W. Sheffield, treasurer. This company purchased the crown patents of two prominent dentists, James E. Low and Cassius M. Richmond. All these crown and bridge patents were combined under one company which the two doctors advertised as Sheffield's Perfect Crowning System. Sheffield and his son received royalties from dentists around the world when they employed crowns and bridges covered under the Sheffields' patents.

## InfoBox

| Washington Sheffield | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | Washington Wentworth Sheffield
April 23, 1827 (1827-04-23)
North Stonington, Connecticut |
| Died | November 4, 1897 (1897-11-05) (aged 70) |
| Nationality | American |
| Other names | W.W. Sheffield |
| Occupation | Dental Surgeon |
| Known for | Inventor of Toothpaste |


title: Queens' School

abstract: Queens' School, near Watford, Hertfordshire, is a partially selective secondary school and sixth form with academy status. It currently is a specialist science and sports college.

text:
# Queens' School

**Queens' School**, near Watford, Hertfordshire, is a partially selective secondary school and sixth form with academy status. It currently is a specialist science and sports college.

## History

The story of Queens' begins with two schools in Watford in the early 20th century.

**Watford Central School** was founded in 1912 in buildings in Derby Road vacated by Watford Grammar School for Boys when it moved to its present site in West Watford. In 1950, the central school became a new grammar school on the northwest side of Aldenham Road, Bushey, called **Bushey Grammar School**. The buildings vacated in Derby road were then occupied by the Central Primary School.

**Alexandra School** was founded in 1901 in Judge Street, North Watford. (These buildings later became an annexe to the Watford School of Art.) In January 1966 the school moved to the southeast side of Aldenham road, opposite Bushey Grammar School. The pedestrian underpass under Aldenham Road was built at this time, but the two schools had little interaction. Alexandra School had only three headmasters in its 68-year history.

In September 1969, the two schools were amalgamated to form Queens' School, a comprehensive school spanning a 52-acre (21 ha) site on both sides of Aldenham Road. At the time of the merger, Bushey Grammar had 800 pupils, while Alexandra School had 500 students. A crucial early decision was to extend the pastoral system of Bushey Grammar to the new school, with four houses spanning all year groups, two based on each side of Aldenham Road. This structure has served the school well, and persists to this day.

**Grange Park School** closed in September 1988, and its pupils transferred to Queens'. The former Grange Park campus became home to Bushey Hall School (now The Grange Academy).

Queens' was awarded grant-maintained status in April 1993 and became a foundation school in September 1999. In September 2003, the school was designated a Specialist Sports College, and in April 2008 also became a Science College.

In July 2011, Queens' converted to academy status. There are 4 houses.

## Location

The school occupies a relatively isolated suburban campus on both sides of Aldenham Road, in Bushey on the outskirts of Watford in south Hertfordshire. As an amalgamation of two schools, Queens' has two sites - named North and South - linked by an underpass. The north side (the former Bushey Grammar site) borders the Bushey Grove Leisure Centre and the Purcell School of Music (formerly the Royal Caledonian School), whereas the south side (the former Alexandra School site) borders the Metropolitan Police sports grounds as well as a powerleague site accessed through the school car park.

## Admissions

Queens' is a partially selective school, selecting 35% of its intake on academic ability, 5% on aptitude for music and 5% on aptitude for sport. The remaining places are allocated to siblings of current pupils and to applicants living nearest to the school. The catchment area for selective places extends approximately 7 miles (11 km) from the school: in addition to southwest Hertfordshire, it includes some northern parts of the London Borough of Harrow. However 95% of children admitted live within 3 miles (5 km) of the school.

The school is the largest in Hertfordshire.

## Houses

The school is split into four houses: Turing and Franklin (formerly Newton and Drake) based on the north side and Attenborough and Seacole (formerly Auden and Sutherland) based on the south. Students are allocated a house on entry. Each house is typically further subdivided into two or three forms for each year group. Each house has associated colours, which are displayed on ties and school crests as part of the school uniform.

There is a strong identity among students with their house. This was created through inter-house competitions on sports day, a yearly music competition and various other sports related competition throughout the academic year. Formerly, each house had both a Head of House and Deputy Head of House, as well as an assistant head of house, who assisted with students pastoral care and helped get to the root of discipline problems rather than simply giving a student a detention. As of 2020, these responsibilities are now handled by Heads of Year. Also there is a friendly rivalry between houses, which adds to the atmosphere of the school.

The House system was praised by the last Ofsted report in September 2006. The house system, which splits the large school into four smaller groups, may be one of the reasons why Queens' does so well.

## Academic performance

GCSE exam results are regularly far above the national average, with outstanding value added figures and the last OFSTED report was very positive about the school.

At A-level the results are also well above average.

## Scholastic and sporting achievements

* National Debating champions in 2005 and 2007
* English National Golf Champions 2007
* English Schools FA (ESFA) U19 Football Champions 2008
* English Schools FA (ESFA) U13 Football Runners up 2008
* English Schools FA (ESFA) U14 Football Runners up 2009
* Reached 3 English Schools FA (ESFA) Finals 2011

The school won the 2009 Sports Colleges Award for Innovation for development of a virtual learning environment (VLE).

Discipline Queens school's disciplinary system works on stages. If a student is disruptive in class or any other minor offences, they will be given a reminder. If they continue, they will be given a warning. A message will be sent to the parents. If they still continue, they will be given an afterschool detention. Depending on the offence, it will be 30 mins or 1hr.

## Notable former pupils

### Bushey Grammar School

## InfoBox

| Queens' School | |
| --- | --- |
| Address | |
|  | |
| Aldenham Road
Bushey, Hertfordshire, WD23 2TY
England | |
| Coordinates | 51°39′30″N 0°22′07″W / 51.6583°N 0.3686°W / 51.6583; -0.3686 |
| Information | |
| Type | Academy |
| Established | 1969 |
| Specialists | Science and sports |
| Department for Education URN | 136877 Tables |
| Ofsted | Reports |
| Head teacher | Jonathan Morrell |
| Gender | Mixed |
| Age | 12 to 18 |
| Enrolment | 1700 |
| Houses | Turing
Franklin
Attenborough
Seacole |
| Publication | The Q |
| Website | http://www.queens.herts.sch.uk/ |


title: Lünen

abstract: Lünen is a town with around 86,000 inhabitants in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located north of Dortmund, on both banks of the River Lippe. It is the largest town of the Unna district and part of the Ruhr Area. In 2009 a biogas plant was built to provide electric power to the city. Lünen is the first city in the world to receive electricity via public utility companies that is generated on the base of animal waste. The plant produces up to 6.6 MW, supplying 26,000 homes with heat and electricity.

text:
# Lünen

**Lünen** is a town with around 86,000 inhabitants in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located north of Dortmund, on both banks of the River Lippe. It is the largest town of the Unna district and part of the Ruhr Area.

In 2009 a biogas plant was built to provide electric power to the city. Lünen is the first city in the world to receive electricity via public utility companies that is generated on the base of animal waste. The plant produces up to 6.6 MW, supplying 26,000 homes with heat and electricity.

## Culture and main sights

**Structure**

* Saint George's Church
* Saint Mary's Church
* Chateau of Schwansbell
* Colani-UFO
* Freiherr-vom-Stein School
* Town hall of Lünen
* Geschwister-Scholl School
* Industrial Monument "Moor Crane"

**Museum**

* Museum of the town Lünen
* Mining Museum in Lünen South
* Mining residential Museum in Lünen Brambauer

**Theatre**

* Heinz-Hilpert theater

## Politics

The current mayor of Lünen is independent politician Jürgen Kleine-Frauns since 2015; he was originally elected as a member of Together for Lünen (German: Gemeinsam für Lünen = GFL), but later left the party. The most recent mayoral election was held on 13 September 2020, with a runoff held on 27 September, and the results were as follows:

| Candidate | | Party | First round | | Second round | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Votes | | % | Votes | % |
|  | Rainer Schmeltzer | Social Democratic Party | **10,864** | **40.9** | 9,824 | 48.9 |
|  | Jürgen Kleine-Frauns | Independent | 9,767 | 36.7 | **10,282** | **51.1** |
|  | Christoph Tölle | Christian Democratic Union | 4,341 | 16.3 |
|  | Sascha Gottwald | Free Voters Lünen | 1,624 | 6.1 |
| Valid votes | | | 26,596 | 97.7 | 20,106 | 98.9 |
| Invalid votes | | | 641 | 2.3 | 215 | 1.1 |
| Total | | | 27,237 | 100.0 | 20,321 | 100.0 |
| Electorate/voter turnout | | | 66,291 | 41.1 | 66,247 | 30.7 |
| Source: City of Lünen (1st round, 2nd round) | | | | | | |

### City council

The Lünen city council governs the city alongside the Mayor. The most recent city council election was held on 13 September 2020, and the results were as follows:

| Party | | Votes | % | +/- | Seats | +/- |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Social Democratic Party (SPD) | 9,066 | 33.9 | 7.0 | 19 | 3 |
|  | Christian Democratic Union (CDU) | 5,895 | 22.1 | 2.5 | 12 | 1 |
|  | Together for Lünen (GFL) | 3,835 | 14.4 | 1.1 | 8 | 1 |
|  | Alliance 90/The Greens (Grüne) | 3,690 | 13.8 | 6.4 | 8 | 4 |
|  | Alternative for Germany (AfD) | 1,816 | 6.8 | New | 4 | New |
|  | Free Democratic Party (FDP) | 922 | 3.5 | 0.7 | 2 | ±0 |
|  | The Left (Die Linke) | 846 | 3.2 | 0.9 | 2 | ±0 |
|  | Free Voters Lünen (FW Lünen) | 501 | 1.9 | New | 1 | New |
|  | | | | | | |
|  | Independent Fohrmeister | 85 | 0.3 | New | 0 | New |
|  | Independent Rosenkranz | 85 | 0.2 | New | 0 | New |
|  | Independent God | 19 | 0.1 | New | 0 | New |
| Valid votes | | 26,730 | 98.2 |  |  |  |
| Invalid votes | | 480 | 1.8 |  |  |  |
| Total | | 27,210 | 100.0 |  | 56 | 2 |
| Electorate/voter turnout | | 66,291 | 41.1 | 3.4 |  |  |
| Source: City of Lünen | | | | | | |

## Twin towns - sister cities

Lünen is twinned with:

## Notable people

## InfoBox

| Lünen | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
| View with the bridge on the River Lippe | |
|  | |
| Location of Lünen within Unna district | |
| Lünen Lünen | |
| Coordinates: 51°37′N 7°31′E / 51.617°N 7.517°E / 51.617; 7.517 | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | North Rhine-Westphalia |
| Admin. region | Arnsberg |
| District | Unna |
| Subdivisions | 14 Stadtteile |
| Government | |
| Mayor (202025) | Jürgen Kleine-Frauns |
| Area | |
| Total | 59.18 km2 (22.85 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 58 m (190 ft) |
| Population (2023-12-31) | |
| Total | 87,266 |
| Density | 1,500/km2 (3,800/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal codes | 44532, 44534, 44536 |
| Dialling codes | 02306, 0231 |
| Vehicle registration | UN, LÜN |
| Website | www.luenen.de |


title: Floyd Township, Putnam County, Indiana

abstract: Floyd Township is one of thirteen townships in Putnam County, Indiana. As of the 2020 census, its population was 4,128 and it contained 1,917 housing units.

text:
# Floyd Township, Putnam County, Indiana

**Floyd Township** is one of thirteen townships in Putnam County, Indiana. As of the 2020 census, its population was 4,128 (up from 4,011 at 2010) and it contained 1,917 housing units.

## Geography

According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of 34.39 square miles (89.1 km2), of which 33.87 square miles (87.7 km2) (or 98.49%) is land and 0.51 square miles (1.3 km2) (or 1.48%) is water.

### Unincorporated towns

(This list is based on USGS data and may include former settlements.)

1. "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. October 25, 2007. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
2. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
3. "Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - County -- County Subdivision and Place -- 2010 Census Summary File 1". United States Census. Archived from the original on February 12, 2020. Retrieved May 10, 2013.
4. "Explore Census Data". *data.census.gov*. Retrieved April 7, 2024.

## InfoBox

| Floyd Township | |
| --- | --- |
| Township | |
|  | |
| Coordinates: 39°43′39″N 86°44′16″W / 39.72750°N 86.73778°W / 39.72750; -86.73778 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Indiana |
| County | Putnam |
| Government | |
| Type | Indiana township |
| Area | |
| Total | 34.39 sq mi (89.1 km2) |
| Land | 33.87 sq mi (87.7 km2) |
| Water | 0.51 sq mi (1.3 km2) |
| Elevation | 863 ft (263 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 4,128 |
| Density | 120/sq mi (46/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| Area code | 765 |
| FIPS code | 18-23782 |
| GNIS feature ID | 453298 |


title: Welcome to Macintosh (film)

abstract: Welcome to Macintosh is a 2008 documentary film focusing on computer company Apple Inc. and its Macintosh line of computers. The title comes from the original welcome message shown during the start-up of Macintosh computers.

text:
# Welcome to Macintosh (film)

***Welcome to Macintosh*** is a 2008 documentary film focusing on computer company Apple Inc. and its Macintosh line of computers. The title comes from the original welcome message shown during the start-up of Macintosh computers.

## Synopsis

The film focuses on the history of computer company Apple Inc., and its Macintosh line of computers specifically. It discusses the company's employees, philosophy, practices, and interviews people who were working at Apple when the Macintosh was first released.

## Production

Ars Technica noted that neither Steve Jobs nor Steve Wozniak, the founders of Apple Inc., appear in the film. However, several notable figures in the history of the Macintosh appear in the film, including Mac engineers Andy Hertzfeld and Jim Reekes, former Apple Evangelist Guy Kawasaki, and Ron Wayne, a "short-lived but original co-founder of Apple Computer".

## Release

*Welcome to Macintosh* was shown at five film festivals. The film's studio released a trailer on YouTube on November 29, 2008. The movie was released on DVD on December 15, 2008, and includes three hours of extra and deleted scenes. In early 2009, the studio setup group screenings for the film with seven Mac and Apple user groups in seven American cities (Rockville, Maryland; Minneapolis, Minnesota; Scottsdale, Arizona; Nashville, Tennessee; Washington, D.C.; Indianapolis, Indiana; and Providence, Rhode Island), which include more than 700 people who signed up to attend the events.

## Reception

Technology website Ars Technica describes *Welcome to Macintosh* as a film that "mixes history, criticism and an unapologetic revelry of all things Apple", and wrote, "If you liked *Pirates of Silicon Valley* or read *Revolution in the Valley*, then this film is for you." After watching the film, Apple Inc. co-founder Steve Wozniak was pleased with the results, and appreciated how "unbelievable" it was to see people "say that great of things about \[him\]". He also noted that the film was "so on the mark", and that it was the best independent film regarding Apple that he has seen.

## InfoBox

| Welcome to Macintosh | |
| --- | --- |
| Original poster art | |
| Directed by | Robert Baca
Josh Rizzo |
| Starring | Wayne Bibbens
Vince Briel
Charles DeVore
Richard Halsey
Andy Hertzfeld |
| Production
company | Baca Productions |
| Release dates | * April 6, 2008 (2008-04-06) (Wisconsin Film Festival) * December 15, 2008 (2008-12-15) |
| Running time | 83 minutes (DVD)
73 minutes (VOD Services) |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: Turtle Lake (Polk County, Minnesota)

abstract: Turtle Lake is a lake in Polk County, in the U.S. state of Minnesota. The name Turtle Lake comes from the Ojibwe Indians of the area, who thought the lake's outline resembles a turtle.

text:
# Turtle Lake (Polk County, Minnesota)

**Turtle Lake** is a lake in Polk County, in the U.S. state of Minnesota.

The name Turtle Lake comes from the Ojibwe Indians of the area, who thought the lake's outline resembles a turtle.

## InfoBox

| Turtle Lake | |
| --- | --- |
| Turtle Lake | |
| Location | Polk County, Minnesota |
| Coordinates | 47°36′47″N 95°40′5″W / 47.61306°N 95.66806°W / 47.61306; -95.66806 |
| Type | lake |


title: Puyan station

abstract: Puyan is a metro station on Line 4 of the Hangzhou Metro in China. It is located in the Binjiang District of Hangzhou and it is the southern terminus of Line 4.

text:
# Puyan station

**Puyan** (Chinese: 浦沿) is a metro station on Line 4 of the Hangzhou Metro in China. It is located in the Binjiang District of Hangzhou and it is the southern terminus of Line 4.

## InfoBox

| Puyan
浦沿 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Location | Binjiang District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang
China |
| Operated by | Hangzhou Metro Corporation |
| Line(s) | Line 4 |
| Platforms | 2 (1 island platform) |
| History | |
| Opened | January 9, 2018 |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station Hangzhou Metro Following station  Yangjiaduntowards Chihua Street  Line 4  *Terminus* | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Leonardo Dudreville

abstract: Leonardo Dudreville was a Venetian-born Italian painter. He was one of the founders of the Nuove Tendenze as well as of Novecento Italiano art movements.

text:
# Leonardo Dudreville

**Leonardo Dudreville** (4 April 1885 – 13 January 1975) was a Venetian-born Italian painter. He was one of the founders of the Nuove Tendenze as well as of Novecento Italiano art movements.

## Biography

His family of Belgian origin moved to Milan when he was a child. He studied at the Brera Academy in Milan from 1903 to 1905 and joined the Coenobium, a group of young artists belonging to the Scapigliatura movement, in Monza together with his friend Anselmo Bucci. After a stay in Paris (1906–07), his Divisionist style brought him into contact with Alberto Grubicy's gallery. He adopted Futurism in 1912 and was one of the founders of Nuove Tendenze movement. In close contact with the critic Margherita Sarfatti in the years following World War I, he took part in the Venice Biennale (13th Esposizione Internazionale d’Arte di Venezia) in 1922, and in the following year was one of the group of Sette pittori del Novecento who started the Novecento Italiano art movement exhibiting at the Galleria Pesaro in Milan. Relations between members of the Novecento movement were not always smooth, as shown by his participation in their first group exhibition in 1926 but not in the second in 1929. One of his works was bought in 1928 for the Galleria d’Arte Moderna in Milan, and his first solo exhibition was held in 1936 at the Milanese Galleria Dedalo. His style became increasingly meticulous with a wealth of detail. During World War II he withdrew to Ghiffa, where he stayed until his death.

1. "Ritratti e autoritratti di artisti nelle civiche raccolte d'arte di Monza - Leonardo Dudreville". *WWMM - World Wide Meta Museum* (in Italian).
2. Antonella Crippa, Leonardo Dudreville, online catalogue Artgate Archived 2012-04-02 at the Wayback Machine by Fondazione Cariplo, 2010

## Other projects

Media related to Leonardo Dudreville at Wikimedia Commons


title: Mardi Gras Film Festival

abstract: The Mardi Gras Film Festival is an Australian LGBTQ+ film festival held in Sydney, New South Wales annually as part of the Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras celebrations. It is organised by Queer Screen Limited, a non-profit organization, and is one of the world's largest platforms for queer cinema.

text:
# Mardi Gras Film Festival

The **Mardi Gras Film Festival** is an Australian LGBTQ+ film festival held in Sydney, New South Wales annually as part of the Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras celebrations. It is organised by Queer Screen Limited, a non-profit organization, and is one of the world's largest platforms for queer cinema.

## History

Australia had the world's first gay film festival, entitled *A Festival of Gay Films* at the Sydney Filmmakers Co-op in June 1976, part of a larger commemoration of the Stonewall Riots in New York City of 1969.

Inaugurated in 1978 as the *Gay and Lesbian film festival* by the Australian Film Institute, the film festival joined the Mardi Gras in 1986 to present an annual *Sydney Gay Film Week* in conjunction with the parade. Queer Screen took control of the festival in 1993. In addition to the *Mardi Gras Film Festival*, Queer Screen organises the *Queer Screen Film Fest*, *My Queer Career* and *queerDOC* as part of its aim to celebrate and promote Australian and international queer screen culture in all its diversity and richness. It 2021 it moved to hybrid online and in person festival, to adapt to a Covid landscape.

## InfoBox

| Mardi Gras Film Festival | |
| --- | --- |
| Status | Active |
| Genre | LGBTQ+ film festival |
| Dates | February / March |
| Frequency | Annually |
| Location(s) | Sydney, New South Wales |
| Country | Australia |
| Inaugurated | February 1978 (1978-02) |
| Founder | Queer Screen |
| Organised by | Queer Screen Limited |
| Website | queerscreen.org.au |
|  | |


title: Milan Lučanský

abstract: Milan Lučanský was a Slovak police officer who was the President of police of Slovak Police Force from 31 May 2018 to 31 August 2020.

text:
# Milan Lučanský

**Milan Lučanský** (10 February 1969  30 December 2020) was a Slovak police officer who was the President of police of Slovak Police Force from 31 May 2018 to 31 August 2020.

## Death

29 December, Lučanský was supposed to visit a psychologist, this examination didn't imply that he would want to commit suicide. At 16:30, his cell was checked. At 16:39 it was noticed that he didn't take his food and at 16:40 his cell was opened and an attempt to save his life began. Rescuers managed to revive him and he was transferred to University hospital with policlinic J. A. Reiman in Prešov. Lučanský died a day after he tried hanging himself in his cell on 30th of December 2020.

## InfoBox

| Milan Lučanský | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| President of the Slovak Police Force | |
| **In office**
31 May 2018  31 August 2020 | |
| President | Andrej Kiska |
| Preceded by | Tibor Gašpar |
| Succeeded by | Peter Kovařík (interim) |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1969-02-10)10 February 1969
Poprad, Czechoslovakia |
| Died | 30 December 2020(2020-12-30) (aged 51)
Prešov, Slovakia |
| Spouse | Martina Lučanská |
| Alma mater | Matej Bel University |
|  | |


title: Tom Edwards (footballer, born 1906)

abstract: Tom Edwards was a Welsh international footballer. He was part of the Wales team that competed in the 1931–32 British Home Championship, playing one match on 31 October 1931 against Scotland. At club level, he played for Linfield.

text:
# Tom Edwards (footballer, born 1906)

**Tom Edwards**  (9 April 1906 – 1980) was a Welsh international footballer. He was part of the Wales team that competed in the 1931–32 British Home Championship, playing one match on 31 October 1931 against Scotland. At club level, he played for Linfield.

## InfoBox

Tom Edwards
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1906-04-09)9 April 1906 | | |
| Place of birth | Wales | | |
| Date of death | 1980 (aged 7374) | | |
| Position(s) | Defender | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
|  | Linfield |  |  |
| International career | | | |
| 1931 | Wales | 1 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Qing'an Guildhall

abstract: The East Zhejiang Maritime Affairs/Folk Custom Museum is a museum located in Yinzhou District in Ningbo, Zhejiang, China. It is located in the Qing'an Guildhall, a reconstructed complex which once housed a temple to the sea-goddess Mazu. Originally built in 1191, the complex was destroyed and rebuilt several times. After its mid-19th century restoration by Ningbo's guild of Fujianese merchants, it was acclaimed as one of the most beautiful temples in China and was used by the merchants as their guildhall. It was destroyed in 1949 as the Communists were fighting the Chinese Civil War, and suffered further harm during the Cultural Revolution, but was repaired from 1997 to 2001. It reopened in June 2001 as a museum dedicated to eastern Zhejiang's maritime history and local arts and crafts. The museum has been listed as a Major Historical and Cultural Site Protected at the National Level since 2001. The museum's director is Huang Zhesu (黄浙苏).

text:
# Qing'an Guildhall

| Former names | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Thomson's photograph of the temple's Great Hall c.1870 | |
| Fujianese Guildhall | |
| Traditional Chinese | 福建會館 |
| Simplified Chinese | 福建会馆 |
| Literal meaning | Fujianese \[Guild\] Assembly Hall |
| Transcriptions  Standard Mandarin  Hanyu Pinyin Fujian Huìguǎn  Wade–Giles Fu-chien Hui-kuan | |
| North Guildhall | |
| Traditional Chinese | 會館 |
| Simplified Chinese | 会馆 |
| Literal meaning | North\[ern Traders\] Guildhall |
| Transcriptions  Standard Mandarin  Hanyu Pinyin Bei Háo Huìguǎn  Wade–Giles Pei Hao Hui-kuan | |
|  | |

| Former names | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| One of the performance stages | |
| Tianhou Temple | |
| Traditional Chinese | 甬東天后 |
| Simplified Chinese | 甬东天后 |
| Literal meaning | Palace of the Empress of Heaven of East Ningbo |
| Transcriptions  Standard Mandarin  Hanyu Pinyin Yǒngdōng Tiānhòu Gōng  Wade–Giles Yung-tung T‘ien-hou Kung | |
| Tianfei Temple | |
| Traditional Chinese | 天妃 |
| Simplified Chinese | 天妃 |
| Literal meaning | Palace of the Concubine of Heaven |
| Transcriptions  Standard Mandarin  Hanyu Pinyin Tiānfēi Gōng  Wade–Giles T‘ien-fei Kung | |
|  | |

The **East Zhejiang Maritime Affairs/Folk Custom Museum** is a museum located in Yinzhou District in Ningbo, Zhejiang, China. It is located in the **Qing'an Guildhall**, a reconstructed complex which once housed a temple to the sea-goddess Mazu. Originally built in 1191, the complex was destroyed and rebuilt several times. After its mid-19th century restoration by Ningbo's guild of Fujianese merchants, it was acclaimed as one of the most beautiful temples in China and was used by the merchants as their guildhall. It was destroyed in 1949 as the Communists were fighting the Chinese Civil War, and suffered further harm during the Cultural Revolution, but was repaired from 1997 to 2001. It reopened in June 2001 as a museum dedicated to eastern Zhejiang's maritime history and local arts and crafts.

The museum has been listed as a Major Historical and Cultural Site Protected at the National Level since 2001. The museum's director is Huang Zhesu (黄浙苏).

## Names

The diverse roles the location has served have caused it to appear in English accounts under a variety of names, particularly before the adoption of pinyin as a standard romanization scheme.

It was known as the **Tianhou Temple**, the **Tianhou Palace**, the **Tien-how-kung** or **Tianhou Gong**, the **Queen of Heaven Temple**, the **Temple of the Queen of Heaven**, or the **Palace of the Empress of Heaven**, from one of Mazu's epithets. From its local pronunciation, it also sometimes appears as **Tín Heo Kōng**. Another of Mazu's epithets sometimes gave it the name **Tianfei Gong** or **Tín Fi Kōng**. It is also known as the **Sea Goddess Temple**.

After it was rebuilt by Fujianese merchants in the mid-19th century, it became known as the **Fujianese Guildhall**, the **Qing'an Guildhall**, or **Qing'an Assembly Hall**. The merchants' involvement in northern maritime (北洋) trade led local Chinese to refer to it as the **North Guildhall**. In English, it was called the **Fukien** or **Fujian Temple**, **Fukien Guildhall**, **Fokien Guild House** or **Guildhouse**, the **Guild House of Fokien Merchants**, and the **Guildhall for the Fujian People** or **Fukien Hui Kuan**.

The present-day museum is sometimes translated as the **Museum of Maritime Affairs and Folk Custom in Eastern Zhejiang**.

## History

The complex lies at the heart of present-day Ningbo on the east bank of the Yong River as it is formed by the confluence of the Fenghua and Yuyao rivers. Merchants from Fujian first built it in 1191 under the Southern Song as a temple to the sea-goddess Mazu in her role as the Empress of Heaven ("Tianhou"). It lay at the water's edge outside the old city walls, between its East and Bridge gates. It was rebuilt in the 1680s. After Ningbo and Xiamen were reopened to international trade by the treaty ending the First Opium War, nine prosperous merchants—Dong Binru, Feng Yuxiang, Su Qinghe, Fei Lengkan, Fei Fusheng, Sheng Bindeng, Tong Xianglong, and Gu Xuan—rebuilt the temple from 1850 to '53. Samuel Wells Williams considered it Ningbo's "most elegant and solid building"; at the time, it was covered with well-done calligraphic scrolls and brush drawings, particularly on holidays. John Thomson, an early photographer who traveled extensively along the coasts of the Qing Empire considered it "one of the finest examples of temple architecture in the Empire." He was drawn to its elaborate carvings and careful stylization: "even the minutest details among the ornaments of the building are full of deep significance to native art and the Buddhist or Hindoo mythology" (i.e., Chinese folk religion). The Ningbonese scholar Dong Pei studied the temple's history, inscribing his findings on a tablet preserved at the museum. It was destroyed by the Communists in 1949 during the last phases of their war against Chiang Kai-shek's Nationalists. The site was further damaged during the 1960s' Cultural Revolution, with the second door being completely destroyed.

The temple's ruin was largely left to the elements until Ningbo's Culture and Press Bureau began renovating it in 1997. It reopened to the public as a museum in June 2001, when the State Council designated it among its 5th batch of cultural relics entitled to national protection. It is one of the largest surviving Mazu temples in China and some of the old stone carvings have been preserved and incorporated into the present museum.

## Architecture

The west-facing complex covers 5,000 square meters (1.2 acres) and consists, from front to back, of the Entrance, Second Door, Front Stage, Great Hall, Rear Stages, and Rear Chamber. The second door, having been destroyed during the Cultural Revolution, was reconstructed from historical drawings held by Southeast University. The front stage is 9.5 meters (31 ft) high, 5.2 meters (17 ft) wide, and about as deep, being roughly square. By placing it before the main hall, it was thought that the gods could enjoy watching the opera shows. The walls were designed to produce a resonating effect during performances. The front and rear chambers and the two stages are linked by wing-rooms to one another. The southwest corner has seven side-rooms. The north side includes a separate area for greenery and the north and west sides each have a private courtyard, used as the offices for the guildhall. The style is believed to have been widely influential and copied. To the north of the present complex lies Qing'an Park.

## Exhibits

The museum collects regional art concerning Mazu, including large frescos. Its naval exhibits include the wooden steering wheel recovered from the wreck of the SS *Jiangya*, which struck a mine near the mouth of the Huangpu River in 1948 as Shanghainese were fleeing to Ningbo from the oncoming Communists. Given the high number of stowaways, it is thought that more than 3000 people were killed in the explosion, making it the worst or 2nd-worst maritime disasters in history.

The museum preserves a thousand red wood carvings and a few hundred stone and brick carvings. The 14 tile carvings over the entrance include Twin Dragons Playing with a Pearl, the Eight Immortals Crossing the Sea, "Dragon Tongue Squad", Fishing, Wood-cutting, Farming, and Reading. The beams of the front stage mostly depict stories from the *Romance of the Three Kingdoms*, including Three Heroes Fighting against Lu Bu and the Empty Fort Strategy. It also includes some carvings of actors and auspicious designs such as Magpies Perching on Plum Trees, dragons, phoenixes, and peonies. The screens are engraved with paintings of six ladies. Curved rails ("Rails for Beauties to Lean On") line three sides of the stage.

For younger children, it has many scale boat models with woven sails and moving parts. One of the models is based upon the western-style gunboat purchased by the temple's 19th-century restorers in 1854 to suppress pirate attacks on their vessels.

### Citations

1. "Ningbo, Zhejiang, China: Ningbo Tianhou Temple or Qingan Guildhall", *Library Catalogue*, London: Wellcome Library.
2. "A Guide to Qing'an Guild Hall", Official site, Ningbo: East Zhejiang Maritime Affairs Folk Custom Museum, 2010.
3. "Programme", *Maritime Heritage and Museums: Forum for Directors of the Maritime-Related Museums in China*, Hong Kong: Hong Kong Maritime Museum, 2014. (in Chinese) & (in English)
4. "Tianhou Palace", *Ningbo Attractions*, Trip Advisor.
5. Thomson, John (1898), *Through China with a Camera*, Westminster: A. Constable & Co., pp. 178–9.
6. Bickers (2008), "Main Hall of the Guild House of Fokien Merchants, Ningpo".
7. Brown, Elise (2015), "Qing'an Assembly Hall—Ningbo, China", *The Wandering Browns*.
8. Bickers (2008), "Theatre Stage in the Temple of the Queen of Heaven, Fokien Guild House, Ningpo".
9. Bickers (2008), "Temple of the Queen of Heaven, Ningpo".
10. Hockley (2010), "Fukien Temple".
11. Bickers (2008), "Fokien Guildhouse, Ningpo".
12. Kögel, Eduard (2015), *The Grand Documentation: Ernst Boerschmann and Chinese Religious Architecture (1906–1931)*, Berlin: De Gruyter, p. 171.
13. "2015 Inaugural Conference Schedule", *International Association for Silk-Road Studies*, Seoul: Silk-Road Universities Network, 2015.
14. Williams (1848), p. 101.
15. "国务院关于公布第五批全国重点文物保护单位和与现有全国重点文物保护单位合并项目的通知", *State Administration of Cultural Heritage*, Beijing: State Council, 25 June 2001. (in Chinese)
16. "Tianhou Temple", *Ningbo Attractions*, My China Tours.

### Bibliography

* Official site, Ningbo: East Zhejiang Maritime Affairs Folk Custom Museum. (in Chinese) & (in English)

29°52′29″N 121°33′32″E / 29.8747°N 121.5589°E / 29.8747; 121.5589

## InfoBox

| Qing'an Guildhall | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| The EZMAFCM from across Jiangdong Rd | |
| Traditional Chinese | 博物館 |
| Simplified Chinese | 博物馆 |
| Literal meaning | East(ern) Zhejiang Maritime Affairs and Folk Customs Museum |
| Transcriptions  Standard Mandarin  Hanyu Pinyin Zhèdōng Hǎishì Mínsú Bówùguǎn  Wade–Giles Chê-tung Hai-shih Min-su Po-wu-kuan | |
| Qing'an Guild Hall | |
| Traditional Chinese | 會館 |
| Simplified Chinese | 会馆 |
| Literal meaning | The \[Guild\] Assembly Hall Celebrating Peace\[ful Seas\] |
| Transcriptions  Standard Mandarin  Hanyu Pinyin Qìng'ān Huìguǎn  Wade–Giles Ch‘ing-an Hui-kuan | |
|  | |


title: Lužac

abstract: Lužac is a Town in the municipality of Berane, Montenegro. It is located just outside the town of Berane.

text:
# Lužac

**Lužac** (Serbian Cyrillic: Лужац) is a Town in the municipality of Berane, Montenegro. It is located just outside the town of Berane.

## Demographics

According to the 2023 census, its population was 1,004.

Ethnicity in 2011
| Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Serbs | 555 | 56.5% |
| Montenegrins | 358 | 36.4% |
| other/undeclared | 70 | 7.1% |
| **Total** | **983** | **100%** |

## InfoBox

| Lužac | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
| LužacLocation within Montenegro | |
| Coordinates: 42°49′54″N 19°50′50″E / 42.831672°N 19.847298°E / 42.831672; 19.847298 | |
| Country | Montenegro |
| Municipality | Berane |
| Population (2023) | |
| Total | 1,004 |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: Fool Me

abstract: "Fool Me" is a song written by Joe South. South's version was released as a single in 1971 and peaked at number 78 on the Billboard Hot 100.

text:
# Fool Me

"**Fool Me**" is a song written by Joe South. South's version was released as a single in 1971 and peaked at number 78 on the *Billboard* Hot 100.

## Lynn Anderson version

"Fool Me" was also recorded by American country music artist Lynn Anderson. Released in October 1972, it was the second single from her album *Listen to a Country Song*. The song peaked at number 4 on the *Billboard* Hot Country Singles chart. It also reached number 1 on the *RPM* Country Tracks chart in Canada.

## Chart performance

### Joe South

| Chart (1971) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| U.S. *Billboard* Hot 100 | 78 |

### Lynn Anderson

| Chart (1972) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| U.S. *Billboard* Hot Country Singles | 4 |
| U.S. *Billboard* Bubbling Under Hot 100 | 1 |
| Canadian *RPM* Country Tracks | 1 |

## InfoBox

| "Fool Me" | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by Lynn Anderson | |
| from the album  *Listen to a Country Song* | |
| B-side | "What's Made Milwaukee Famous" |
| Released | October 1972 |
| Genre | Country |
| Label | Columbia |
| Songwriter(s) | Joe South |
| Producer(s) | Glenn Sutton |
| Lynn Anderson singles chronology | |
| "Listen to a Country Song"
(1972) "**Fool Me**"
(1972) "Keep Me in Mind"
(1973) | |


title: Wesley Kiprotich

abstract: Wesley Kiprotich is a Kenyan middle distance runner who specialises in the 3000 metres steeplechase. He is based at the PACE Sports Management training camp in Kaptagat.

text:
# Wesley Kiprotich

**Wesley Kiprotich** (born 1 August 1979, in Kericho) is a Kenyan middle distance runner who specialises in the 3000 metres steeplechase.

He is based at the PACE Sports Management training camp in Kaptagat.

## Achievements

| Year | Tournament | Venue | Result | Extra |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2004 | World Athletics Final | Monte Carlo, Monaco | 11th | 3000 m st. |
| 2005 | World Athletics Final | Monte Carlo, Monaco | 4th | 3000 m st. |
| 2006 | Commonwealth Games | Melbourne, Australia | 2nd | 3000 m st. |
|  | World Athletics Final | Stuttgart, Germany | 9th | 3000 m st. |

### Personal bests


title: Turning Point (2020 wrestling)

abstract: The 2020 Turning Point was a professional wrestling event produced by Impact Wrestling. It took place on November 14, 2020, at the Skyway Studios in Nashville, Tennessee, and aired exclusively on Impact Plus before being available for free on YouTube. It was the 14th event in the Turning Point chronology. Nine matches were contested at the event. In the main event, Rich Swann successfully defended the Impact World Championship against Sami Callihan. In other prominent matches, Deonna Purrazzo defeated Su Yung in a no disqualification match to win the Impact Knockouts Championship, The Good Brothers defeated The North to win the Impact World Tag Team Championship, and Rohit Raju defeated Cousin Jake to retain the Impact X Division Championship. The event also marked the Impact return of former All Japan Pro Wrestling Triple Crown Heavyweight Champion Joe Doering as Eric Young's enforcer. Turning Point garnered positive reviews from critics, praising the World Tag Team and Knockouts title changes, and the Impact World title main event.

text:
# Turning Point (2020 wrestling)

The 2020 **Turning Point** was a professional wrestling event produced by Impact Wrestling. It took place on November 14, 2020, at the Skyway Studios in Nashville, Tennessee, and aired exclusively on Impact Plus before being available for free on YouTube. It was the 14th event in the Turning Point chronology.

Nine matches were contested at the event. In the main event, Rich Swann successfully defended the Impact World Championship against Sami Callihan. In other prominent matches, Deonna Purrazzo defeated Su Yung in a no disqualification match to win the Impact Knockouts Championship, The Good Brothers (Doc Gallows and Karl Anderson) defeated The North (Ethan Page and Josh Alexander) to win the Impact World Tag Team Championship, and Rohit Raju defeated Cousin Jake to retain the Impact X Division Championship. The event also marked the Impact return of former All Japan Pro Wrestling Triple Crown Heavyweight Champion Joe Doering as Eric Young's enforcer.

Turning Point garnered positive reviews from critics, praising the World Tag Team and Knockouts title changes, and the Impact World title main event.

## Production

### Background

In 2013, Impact Wrestling (then known as Total Nonstop Action Wrestling) discontinued monthly pay-per-view events in favor of the pre-recorded One Night Only events. Turning Point was produced as a PPV from 2004 to 2012. It was revived as a monthly special for Impact Plus in 2019. On October 30, 2020, Impact Wrestling announced that Turning Point would return as an Impact Plus Monthly Special on November 14.

#### Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, Impact had to present the majority of its programming from a behind closed doors set at Skyway Studios in Nashville, Tennessee, beginning in April.

### Storylines

The event featured professional wrestling matches that involved different wrestlers from pre-existing scripted feuds and storylines. Wrestlers portrayed villains, heroes, or less distinguishable characters in scripted events that build tension and culminate in a wrestling match or series of matches.

At Bound for Glory, Eddie Edwards lost to Ken Shamrock while Rich Swann defeated Eric Young in the main event to capture the Impact World Championship. Swann successfully defended the title against Young in a rematch on the October 27 episode of *Impact!*. The following week, Swann teamed with Edwards to take on Young and Shamrock's tag team partner Sami Callihan in a tag team match, which Young and Callihan won after interference by Shamrock, who attacked Swann during the match. As a result, it was announced that Swann would defend the Impact World Championship against Callihan at Turning Point.

At Bound for Glory, Su Yung replaced Deonna Purrazzo's originally scheduled challenger Kylie Rae and defeated Purrazzo to win the Impact Knockouts Championship. A rematch took place between the two on the November 3 episode of *Impact!*, which ended after a tussle between Yung and Purrazzo over a chair and the latter being hit with it accidentally, resulting in Yung being disqualified and retaining the title. It was later announced that Yung will defend the Knockouts Championship against Purrazzo in a no disqualification match at Turning Point.

At Bound for Glory, The North (Ethan Page and Josh Alexander) defeated defending champions The Motor City Machine Guns (Alex Shelley and Chris Sabin), The Good Brothers (Doc Gallows and Karl Anderson) and Ace Austin and Madman Fulton in a four-way match to win the Impact World Tag Team Championship after The North cheated to defeat The Good Brothers. On the October 27 episode of *Impact*, a brawl broke out between both teams in the backstage area, where The North considered The Good Brothers to be the worst investment by Impact Wrestling. On the November 3 episode of *Impact!*, Gallows defeated Page in a singles match. It was later announced that The North will defend the tag team titles against The Good Brothers at Turning Point.

On the October 27 episode of *Impact!*, Moose declared that his TNA World Heavyweight Championship was the top title in Impact Wrestling instead of Rich Swann's Impact World Championship, criticizing the fact that the TNA title was being ignored in favor of the Impact title and confronted Swann, but his friend Willie Mack came to Swann's defense. Moose responded by hitting Mack with the title belt while he was filming a video message for a fan. It was later announced that Mack would face Moose in a match at Turning Point.

On the October 27 episode of *Impact!*, Swoggle helped Tommy Dreamer in defeating Brian Myers in a Hardcore Halloween match by attacking Myers with a pair of tongs to his testicles. The following week, during an interview where Swoggle proclaimed to be at home in Impact Wrestling, Myers interrupted by calling him "a sideshow attraction", ripped up his autobiography and pushed him to the floor. Six days later, it was announced that Myers will go against Swoggle in a match at Turning Point.

## Event

| **Other on-screen personnel** | |
| --- | --- |
| Commentators | Josh Mathews |
| | Madison Rayne |
| Ring announcer | David Penzer |
| Referees | Brandon Tolle |
| | Daniel Spencer |
| Interviewer | Gia Miller |

### Preliminary matches

The opening match of the event was Eddie Edwards versus Daivari. After some back-and-forth chain wrestling, Edwards delivered a vertical suplex on Daivari for a two count. Edwards continues the offensive with an inverted atomic drop and overhead belly-to-belly suplex, but Daivari gets the advantage on him after sending his shoulder to the ring post. Daivari targets the shoulder with various armbars and attacks to the ring posts, but Edwards fights back after catching him on the top rope with a backpack stunner for two, with Daivari countering his tiger driver with a tackle to the corner and preventing an aerial attack with a hurricanrana for another two count. Edwards gets the tiger driver for a near fall, with Daivari attempting a roll-up with his feet on the ropes but gets caught by the referee who he argues with over, leaving him distracted when Edwards hits the "Boston Knee Party" for the win.

Next, a knockouts tag team match was contested between Jordynne Grace and Tenille Dashwood (with Kaleb with a K) against Rosemary and Taya Valkyrie. Dashwood attempts to get some photos in the ring before being interrupted by Rosemary who chokes her. Valkyrie tags in, which forces Dashwood to tag out, allowing Grace to dominate Valkyrie with some shoulder tackles and a senton for a two count. Grace attempts to tag in Dashwood who is busy stretching, leaving her open for a double team attack by Valkyrie and Rosemary, who tags in to apply a Muta lock on Grace who grabs the ropes. After taking a German suplex, Grace fights back and delivers a spinebuster on Valkyrie, unknowingly getting tagged by Dashwood who makes the pin but only gets two. Grace tags back in, landing an elbow drop on Valkyrie for two, only to get caught with a spear afterwards. Rosemary tags in, with Grace not getting a tag from Dashwood who is taking pictures, allowing her to apply "As Above, So Below" on Grace to get the pinfall for her team.

The third match was between Brian Myers and Swoggle. Myers refuses Swoggle's handshake and is given a slap to the face, leaving him open to a headscissors and tope suicida by Swoggle. Myers gets the upper hand by taking out Swoggle on the outside, who barely enters the ring before the referee's ten count. Myers dominates Swoggle with numerous head stomps and elbows to the chest, who comes back with some chops and a roll-up for two, only to get caught in a front facelock by Myers. Swoggle gets the advantage on Myers with another slap to the face and a German suplex. Swoggle lands the tadpole splash for a near fall, but gets taken out by Myers with a clothesline who gets the pinfall victory. After the match, Myers continued to beat down on Swoggle, only to leave the ring when Crazzy Steve arrives to save him.

The fourth match involved the team of Chris Sabin and James Storm against XXXL (Acey Romero and Larry D). Both teams went back-and-forth with their attacks on each other, with Sabin getting the most of it from Romero and Larry D. Storm gets the tag and delivers a neckbreaker on Larry D, with Romero breaking up his cover and getting hit with a crossbody from Sabin, leaving XXXL open for cross bodies from both Storm and Sabin on opposite sides of the ring. Larry D gets attacked with a double suplex and Storm-assisted tornado DDT by Sabin, but manages to kick out at two and tag in Romero, who delivers a senton on Sabin for another two count. XXXL mistime their running smash and hit each other instead, allowing both Sabin and Storm to deliver an enzigiri and superkick combination onto Romero and get the win.

Next, X Division Champion Rohit Raju entered the ring to issue the Defeat Rohit Challenge with his title on the line, saying that anyone can face him except for TJP, as long as he holds the championship. Cousin Jake (with Cody Deaner), appears to answer Raju's open challenge. Jake gets the early offense, but Raju fights back with a double stomp to Jake's back for a two count. Raju attempts to apply a crossface on Jake, but he avoids the move to give Raju a spear in the corner. After hitting the Rikishi Driver for a two, Jake gets taken to the corner with a back elbow and pump kick combination by Raju, who gets caught in a sitout powerbomb by Jake for a near fall. Jake sets up Raju for a superplex, but he manages to knock him off, with Raju missing the double stomp but able to knock out Jake with some knee strikes and pin him to retain his title. After the match, Eric Young appears with AJPW wrestler Joe Doering, making his return to Impact. Doering takes out the Deaners.

The sixth match was Moose versus Willie Mack for the unsanctioned TNA World Heavyweight Championship. The two start off by trading some forearm strikes in the ring and on the apron, before Moose takes Mack to the floor and sends a message to Rich Swann as he sends his friend to the barricade. Back in the ring, Moose applies a chin lock onto Mack who gets out of it, but gets hit with a dropkick and kicks out at two. Moose continues the assault on Mack with clubbing blows and stomps, whips and a back elbow to the corner, but Mack fight back with some running strikes, only for Moose to hit a pair of uranages onto him. The two exchange right hands to each other before Mack gives Moose some running clotheslines and a spinning kick to knock him out. Mack hits the scoop slam into a leg drop for a two count, and gets caught on the top rope by Moose who hits him with a superplex. Mack leapfrogs Moose's spear attempt and plants him with a Samoan drop and a standing moonsault for two. Moose counters a stunner and hits Mack with the spear, mounting him to apply some punches before the referee stops the match. Moose continues to assault Mack, forcing the referee to reverse his decision, and give Mack the win by disqualification.

The seventh match was contested between The Good Brothers (Doc Gallows and Karl Anderson) and The North (Ethan Page and Josh Alexander) for the Impact World Tag Team Championship. Alexander and Anderson start things off with a back-and-forth exchange of holds, with Gallows tagging in to deliver a suplex and multiple elbow drops for a two count that's interrupted by Page. Anderson gets back in the ring, only to get attacked by Page who tagged in, but gets the upper hand by tagging Gallows to hit a leg drop for two. The North regain control by beating Anderson on the outside and back in the ring with repeated attacks to his neck and knee. Gallows gets the tag and lays some offense on The North, only to lose the momentum after Page prevents him from tagging Anderson, leaving him open to a double team attack by Alexander and Page. The North attempt to apply The Northern Assault on Gallows, but Anderson takes Page out of the ring and helps Gallows hit Alexander with a back suplex-neckbreaker combination, leading to them applying the "Magic Killer" but Page stops it with a superkick, and Anderson hits Alexander with a running kick. Page tags in and misses the running splash onto Anderson, who plants him with a spinebuster and takes out Alexander with the "Gun Stun", and tags in Gallows to hit the "Magic Killer" on Page to win the tag titles for the first time.

In the penultimate match, Su Yung defended the Impact Knockouts Championship against Deonna Purrazzo in a no disqualification match. The two begin to brawl with each other at ringside, with Yung dragging Purrazzo into the ring with a head scissors submission, before losing the hold and getting her ankle worked on by Purrazzo. Yung applies the bloody glove to ready the mandible claw but Purrazzo stops it and hits her with a single arm-DDT, leading to Yung being locked in a paradise lock in the ropes and Purrazzo landing a baseball slide on her. After throwing some weapons in the ring and placing a chair in the corner, Purrazzo reverses a German suplex and focuses her attacks on Yung's arm, who regains control after hitting the midsection with a kendo stick. Both women get out of the ring, with Purrazzo trapping Yung's arm in the barricade but then gets choked by some rope that Yung found under the ring. After bringing the rope and some baking sheets into the ring, Yung gets hit with a kendo stick by Purrazzo, who then goes head-first into the chair in the corner. Both women trade forearm shots before Yung hits Purrazzo with the baking sheet, who rolls outside the ring and gets hit with a pedigree on the ramp, leading Yung to drag her back into the ring for a two count. Purrazzo gets out of the "Panic Switch" and blocks the red mist with a canvas before smashing it on Yung's head. Purrazzo puts a chair around Yung's neck and applies the "Venus de Milo" on her, causing Yung to briefly pass out. Yung locks the mandible claw on Purrazzo and passes out, who then gets choked with the rope in the corner. Purrazzo escapes and hits Yung with the "Cosa Nostra" to win the title for a second time.

### Main event

In the main event, Rich Swann defended the Impact World Championship against Sami Callihan. Swann gets the upper hand on Callihan with some blows to the corner and turns his submission into a pin attempt for two. Callihan utilizes mind games by going in and out of the ring, and catches Swann by throwing him into the steps and ring post. After escaping a powerbomb, Swann delivers a cannonball to Callihan from the apron, and brings him back in the ring. The two exchange shots to one another, but Swann tweaks his knee after a backflip, giving Callihan the opening to target the injury with a modified anklelock. More attacks are traded between the two, eventually knocking each other out with double pump kicks. Swann rises to his feet first, laying the offense on Callihan before delivering a Rolling Thunder onto him for a two count. Callihan fights back with a Buckle Bomb followed by a brainbuster, but Swann kicks out at two. Callihan hits a tombstone package piledriver for another two count, leading him to land another piledriver on the apron, but Swann surprises him with the "Lethal Injection" on the outside. Both men are in the ring, Swann goes to the top rope but spots Ken Shamrock on the ramp, followed by Eddie Edwards who takes him away from the ring. Swann finishes Callihan with four kicks to retain his title.

## Reception

Steve Cook of *411Mania* reviewed the event and gave it a 7.5 out of 10, which was higher than last year's event that got a 6.9 out of 10. He complained about the Brian Myers-Swoggle match but gave praise to the World Tag Team and Knockouts title changes, concluding with: "I have to say that Impact met my expectations for this evening. Everything I thought would be good was good. There weren't any surprises like we had with the Bound For Glory show. That \[show\] had some curveballs Impact had to react to, this one didn't." Darrin Lilly of *Pro Wrestling Torch* was also positive towards the event being "noteworthy", praising the two title changes, Doering's debut, and the clean main event win for starting Swann's reign "on a good note", saying: "Turning Point was an enjoyable show that was fun to watch. The Impact Plus specials usually deliver a good show and this was no exception." Bob Kapur of *Slam Wrestling* also gave praise to both title changes and called the Impact World Title bout "a good hard-hitting match", but felt the rest of the event didn't differentiate itself from Impact's weekly TV programming. He gave it 3.5 out of 5 stars and wrote: "\[T\]he matches on the show were mainly good, and the title matches were logical continuations or endings to storylines that were well-developed. The rest of the card seemed to be a hodge-podge of TV matches that didn't really serve to accomplish much. This would have been a fine episode of TV, but as a "special event", it didn't quite live up to the billing."

*Ringside News* reported that Impact Plus subscribers were unable to log onto the streaming platform to watch the event. Four days later, Impact Wrestling made the event available for free on their YouTube channel.

## Aftermath

On the following episode of *Impact!*, Moose and Willie Mack had a rematch that was no disqualification rules, with the former winning after repeatedly hitting forearm shots to the latter while unconscious. On the December 15 episode of *Impact!*, Moose called out Impact World Champion Rich Swann but got Mack instead, furious that a referee decided when he was done and challenged Moose to an "I quit" match at Genesis, so that he can decide if he's finished.

On the November 24 episode of *Impact!*, Deonna Purrazzo and Kimber Lee were confronted by a returning Susie and then attacked by Su Yung. The following week, Purrazzo made a deal with Father James Mitchell and called out Yung on the December 1 episode of *Impact!*, taking her out with the "Cosa Nostra" and was carried out by the undead bridesmaids. Purrazzo then entered into a feud with Rosemary and Taya Valkyrie, after they eliminated her and Lee in the first round of the Impact Knockouts Tag Team Tournament on the following week's *Impact!*, and was forced to defend her Knockouts title against Rosemary at Final Resolution.

On the November 24 episode of *Impact!*, Rich Swann successfully defended the Impact World Championship against Ken Shamrock. The following week, Moose attacked Willie Mack after his match against Chris Bey, prompting Mack's friend Swann to save him. Bey then hits Swann with the "Art of Finesse" following Moose's beatdown. After the incident, Impact announced that Swann will defend the title against Bey at Final Resolution.

Rohit Raju issued another Defeat Rohit Challenge on the November 24 episode of *Impact!*, which was answered by Suicide when he appeared, but Raju changed it into a non-title bout. During the match, he unmasked Suicide thinking it was TJP but the latter appeared and confused Raju, who was pinned by Crazzy Steve under the Suicide guise. The following week, Raju would defeat Steve to successfully retain his X Division title. On the December 8 episode of *Impact!*, Raju ridiculed TJP for losing his match against Brian Myers, and announced that the final Defeat Rohit Challenge of 2020 will take place at Final Resolution.

## Results

| No. | Results | Stipulations | Times |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Eddie Edwards defeated Daivari by pinfall | Singles match | 11:25 |
| 2 | Rosemary and Taya Valkyrie defeated Tenille Dashwood and Jordynne Grace (with Kaleb with a K) by pinfall | Tag team match | 8:13 |
| 3 | Brian Myers defeated Swoggle by pinfall | Singles match | 8:19 |
| 4 | Chris Sabin and James Storm defeated XXXL (Acey Romero and Larry D) by pinfall | Tag team match | 11:34 |
| 5 | Rohit Raju (c) defeated Cousin Jake (with Cody Deaner) by pinfall | Singles match for the Impact X Division Championship | 7:10 |
| 6 | Willie Mack defeated Moose (c) by disqualification | Singles match for the unsanctioned TNA World Heavyweight Championship | 12:21 |
| 7 | The Good Brothers (Doc Gallows and Karl Anderson) defeated The North (Ethan Page and Josh Alexander) (c) by pinfall | Tag team match for the Impact World Tag Team Championship | 12:54 |
| 8 | Deonna Purrazzo defeated Su Yung (c) by pinfall | No Disqualification match for the Impact Knockouts Championship | 14:46 |
| 9 | Rich Swann (c) defeated Sami Callihan by pinfall | Singles match for the Impact World Championship | 21:10 |
| (c)  – the champion(s) heading into the match | | | |

1. "Turning Point on IMPACT+ LIVE Saturday, November 9th". Impact Wrestling. October 13, 2019. Archived from the original on October 20, 2019. Retrieved December 8, 2020.
2. IMPACT Wrestling Staff (October 30, 2020). "Turning Point Returns on IMPACT Plus". Impact Wrestling. Archived from the original on November 2, 2020. Retrieved November 8, 2020.
3. Middleton, Marc (April 7, 2020). "Impact Wrestling To Tape Matches This Week, Impact Moving Forward With Rebellion Event". *Wrestling Inc*. Archived from the original on January 26, 2021. Retrieved February 11, 2021.
4. Grabianowski, Ed. "How Pro Wrestling Works". *HowStuffWorks, Inc*. Discovery Communications. Archived from the original on November 29, 2013. Retrieved December 2, 2020.
5. Moore, John (October 24, 2020). "10/24 Moore's Impact Wrestling Bound For Glory live review: Eric Young vs. Rich Swann for the Impact World Championship, Deonna Purrazzo vs. Kylie Rae for the Knockouts Title, Motor City Machine Guns vs. The Good Brothers vs. The North vs. Ace Austin and Madman Fulton for the Impact Tag Titles". *Pro Wrestling Dot Net*. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved October 24, 2020.
6. Moore, John (October 27, 2020). "10/27 Impact Wrestling TV Results: Moore's Review of the Bound For Glory fallout show featuring Rich Swann vs. Eric Young for the Impact World Championship, the wedding of Rosemary and John E Bravo, Tommy Dreamer vs. Brian Myers in a Halloween Hardcore match, Dez and Wentz vs. Team XXXL". *Pro Wrestling Dot Net*. Archived from the original on November 5, 2020. Retrieved December 18, 2020.
7. Moore, John (November 3, 2020). "11/3 Impact Wrestling TV Results: Moore's Review of Rich Swann and Eddie Edwards vs. Eric Young and Sami Callihan, Su Yung vs. Deonna Purrazzo for the Knockouts Championship, Chris Bey vs. Trey Miguel, Doc Gallows vs. Ethan Page, Cody Deaner vs. Johnny Swinger, Tommy Dreamer investigates who shot John E Bravo". *Pro Wrestling Dot Net*. Archived from the original on November 9, 2020. Retrieved December 18, 2020.
8. Lee, Joseph (November 9, 2020). "Various News: Brian Myers vs. Swoggle Added To Impact Turning Point, Chris Jericho Turns 50, RAW Lineup". *411Mania*. Archived from the original on November 9, 2020. Retrieved February 11, 2020.
9. Cook, Steve (November 14, 2020). "Cook's Impact Turning Point 2020 Review". *411Mania*. Archived from the original on November 21, 2020. Retrieved December 19, 2020.
10. Coder, Brie (November 14, 2020). "Impact's "Turning Point" Results: Sami Callihan Challenges Rich Swann, Two New Champions Crowned". *Wrestling Inc*. Archived from the original on November 21, 2020. Retrieved December 19, 2020.
11. Cook, Ryan (November 14, 2020). "IMPACT Wrestling Presents Turning Point Results Swann Retains, New Knockouts & Tag Champions Crowned". *Fightful*. Archived from the original on December 3, 2020. Retrieved November 14, 2020.
12. Csonka, Larry (November 10, 2019). "Csonka's Impact Turning Point 2019 Review". *411Mania*. Archived from the original on November 11, 2019. Retrieved May 1, 2021.
13. Lilly, Darrin (November 15, 2020). "11/14 Impact Wrestling Turning Point Report: Rich Swann defends against Sami Callihan, Su Yung defends against Purrazzo, Gallows & Anderson vs. The North, Edwards vs. Daivari, Brian Meyers vs. Swoggle". *Pro Wrestling Torch*. Archived from the original on January 26, 2021. Retrieved February 9, 2021.
14. Kapur, Bob (November 14, 2020). "Two title changes not enough to make Turning Point feel special". *Slam Wrestling*. Archived from the original on February 20, 2022. Retrieved February 20, 2022.
15. H Jenkins (November 14, 2020). "Impact Wrestling Fans Have Big Issues Watching Turning Point". *Ringside News*. Archived from the original on July 9, 2023. Retrieved July 9, 2023.
16. H Jenkins (November 18, 2020). "Watch Impact Wrestling 'Turning Point 2020' Pay-Per-View For Free". *Ringside News*. Archived from the original on July 9, 2023. Retrieved July 9, 2023.
17. IMPACT Wrestling Staff (November 17, 2020). "IMPACT! on AXS TV Results – November 17, 2020". Impact Wrestling. Archived from the original on November 28, 2020. Retrieved June 11, 2021.
18. IMPACT Wrestling Staff (December 15, 2020). "Who Will Say "I Quit" at Genesis?". Impact Wrestling. Archived from the original on December 17, 2020. Retrieved June 11, 2021.
19. Coder, Brie (November 24, 2020). "Impact Wrestling Results: Swann Vs. Shamrock For The World Title, "Who Shot John E. Bravo" Concludes". *Wrestling Inc*. Archived from the original on December 2, 2020. Retrieved February 10, 2021.
20. IMPACT Wrestling Staff (November 24, 2020). "IMPACT! on AXS TV Results – November 24, 2020". Impact Wrestling. Archived from the original on November 25, 2020. Retrieved February 10, 2021.
21. IMPACT Wrestling Staff (December 1, 2020). "IMPACT! on AXS TV Results – December 1, 2020". Impact Wrestling. Archived from the original on December 2, 2020. Retrieved February 10, 2021.
22. IMPACT Wrestling Staff (December 8, 2020). "IMPACT! on AXS TV Results – December 8, 2020". Impact Wrestling. Archived from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved February 10, 2021.
23. Toro, Carlos (December 1, 2020). "Rich Swann vs. Chris Bey Impact World Title Match, More Announced For Final Resolution". *Fightful*. Archived from the original on January 20, 2021. Retrieved February 10, 2021.
24. "Impact Wrestling Turning Point 2020". *Cagematch*. November 14, 2020. Archived from the original on May 21, 2022. Retrieved December 18, 2020.
25. IMPACT Wrestling Staff (November 11, 2020). "Dashwood & Grace Join Forces, Plus More Announced for Turning Point". Impact Wrestling. Archived from the original on July 8, 2023. Retrieved July 8, 2023.
26. IMPACT Wrestling Staff (November 4, 2020). "World Title Match & More Announced For Turning Point". Impact Wrestling. Archived from the original on July 8, 2023. Retrieved July 8, 2023.
27. IMPACT Wrestling Staff (November 11, 2020). "Chris Sabin & James Storm Set to Collide with XXXL at Turning Point". Impact Wrestling. Archived from the original on July 8, 2023. Retrieved July 8, 2023.

## InfoBox

| Turning Point (2020) | |
| --- | --- |
| Promotional poster featuring Rich Swann, Sami Callihan, Su Yung, and Deonna Purrazzo | |
| Promotion | Impact Wrestling |
| Date | November 14, 2020 |
| City | Nashville, Tennessee |
| Venue | Skyway Studios |
| Attendance | 0 (behind closed doors) |
| Impact Plus Monthly Specials chronology | |
| **Previous**<br>Victory Road **Next** <br>Final Resolution | |
| Turning Point chronology | |
| **Previous**<br>2019 **Next** <br>2021 | |


abstract: Pyramid: Challenge of the Pharaoh's Dream is a 1996 education adventure game for Windows and Macintosh developed by Knowledge Adventure and published by Edusoft SA, published in Sweden by Knowledge Adventure and Levande Böcker. The player is an archeologist, travelling to Egypt to discover the secrets of the Pyramid of Giza. Their travels are interrupted however by the gods Anubis and Ra who guide the player and direct them to fulfil the pharaoh's goal - for the pyramid to be built for his eternal rest. The player completes challenges to collect scrolls, which they give to the gods to have further sections of the game unlocked. The game sees the player build a pyramid using period tools and discover facts about the culture of Ancient Egypt. The game's genre has been defined as a real role play and strategy game. Sets and special effects were created by the Academy Award-winning production house Dream Quest Images. The game contains "Virtual flight" technology and photo-realistic sets. McGraw-Hill Home Interactive announced the title alongside Dr. Sulfur's Night Lab, The Fennels Figure Math, Pony Express Rider, in April 1996, with a release date of November '96 for Windows '95, and Q1/'97 for the Apple Macintosh. They were to be published in the US initial, with international distribution to follow. In August 1996, John Koronaios was appointed as vice president of sales and worldwide distribution, with tasks in "establishing the MHHI sales force, developing partnerships with retailers and distributors and creating a strong distribution network both nationally and internationally" for their four titles. MHHI donated 3,000 copies of their children's CD-ROM titles to the Smart Valley, Inc. SmartSchools PC Day program on November 16, 1996. The game was submitted for a National Parenting Center Seal of Approval. and was awarded this. La Revista compared the title to The Pink Panther: Passport to Peril. PC Mag praised the "terrific graphics". Presenting the Past felt it was "funny and surprisingly accurate". Daily News wrote the game "puts the learning back into fun". Microtimes felt the title offered an "accurate depiction" of the life and times of Ancient Egypt.

text:
# Pyramid: Challenge of the Pharaoh's Dream

***Pyramid: Challenge of the Pharaoh's Dream*** is a 1996 education adventure game for Windows and Macintosh developed by Knowledge Adventure and published by Edusoft SA, published in Sweden by Knowledge Adventure and Levande Böcker.

The player is an archeologist, travelling to Egypt to discover the secrets of the Pyramid of Giza. Their travels are interrupted however by the gods Anubis and Ra who guide the player and direct them to fulfil the pharaoh's goal - for the pyramid to be built for his eternal rest. The player completes challenges to collect scrolls, which they give to the gods to have further sections of the game unlocked.

The game sees the player build a pyramid using period tools and discover facts about the culture of Ancient Egypt.

The game's genre has been defined as a real role play and strategy game. Sets and special effects were created by the Academy Award-winning production house Dream Quest Images. The game contains "Virtual flight" technology and photo-realistic sets.

McGraw-Hill Home Interactive announced the title alongside Dr. Sulfur's Night Lab, The Fennels Figure Math, Pony Express Rider, in April 1996, with a release date of November '96 for Windows '95, and Q1/'97 for the Apple Macintosh. They were to be published in the US initial, with international distribution to follow. In August 1996, John Koronaios was appointed as vice president of sales and worldwide distribution, with tasks in "establishing the MHHI sales force, developing partnerships with retailers and distributors and creating a strong distribution network both nationally and internationally" for their four titles. MHHI donated 3,000 copies of their children's CD-ROM titles to the Smart Valley, Inc. SmartSchools PC Day program on November 16, 1996. The game was submitted for a National Parenting Center Seal of Approval. and was awarded this.

La Revista compared the title to The Pink Panther: Passport to Peril. PC Mag praised the "terrific graphics". Presenting the Past felt it was "funny and surprisingly accurate". Daily News wrote the game "puts the learning back into fun". Microtimes felt the title offered an "accurate depiction" of the life and times of Ancient Egypt.