title: List of ship launches in 1938

abstract: The list of ship launches in 1938 includes a chronological list of some ships launched in 1938.

text:
# List of ship launches in 1938

The **list of ship launches in 1938** includes a chronological list of some ships launched in 1938.

| Date | Country | Builder | Location | Ship | Class | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 22 January | Sweden | Öresundsvarvet | Landskrona | ***Rose*** | Cargo ship | For Hvalfangerselskapet Kosmos A/S |
| 14 February | United States | Bethlehem Shipbuilding | San Francisco | ***Maury*** | *Gridley*-class destroyer |  |
| 3 March | United Kingdom | Harland & Wolff | Belfast | ***Lochavon*** | Cargo ship | For Royal Mail Line. |
| 13 March | United States | New York Shipbuilding Corporation | Camden, New Jersey | ***Phoenix*** | *Brooklyn*-class cruiser |  |
| 14 March | United Kingdom | Blyth Dry Docks & Shipbuilding Co. Ltd. | Blyth, Northumberland | ***Barbican*** | Bar-class boom defence vessel | For Royal Navy. |
| 16 March | Germany | Deutsche Werft | Hamburg | ***Santa Cruz*** | Cargo ship | For Oldenburg Portuguese Line. |
| 17 March | United Kingdom | Harland & Wolff | Belfast | ***Belfast*** | *Town*-class cruiser | For Royal Navy. |
| 19 March | Japan | Mitsubishi | Nagasaki | ***Chikuma*** | *Tone*-class cruiser | For Imperial Japanese Navy. |
| 15 April | United States | Newport News Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Company | Newport News, Virginia | ***St. Louis*** | *St. Louis*-class cruiser |  |
| 16 April | United States | Federal Shipbuilding | Kearny, New Jersey | ***Benham*** | *Benham*-class destroyer |  |
| 28 April | United Kingdom | Harland & Wolff | Belfast | ***Donax*** | Tanker | For Anglo Saxon Petroleum Co. |
| 5 May | United States | Norfolk Navy Yard | Norfolk, Virginia | ***Rowan*** | *Benham*-class destroyer |  |
| 5 May | United States | Norfolk Navy Yard | Norfolk, Virginia | ***Stack*** | *Benham*-class destroyer |  |
| 14 May | United States | Boston Navy Yard | Boston, Massachusetts | ***Mayrant*** | *Benham*-class destroyer |  |
| 14 May | United States | Boston Navy Yard | Boston, Massachusetts | ***Trippe*** | *Benham*-class destroyer |  |
| 16 May | Japan | Kawasaki | Kobe | ***Mizuho*** | Seaplane carrier |  |
| 28 May | United Kingdom | Blyth Dry Docks & Shipbuilding Co. Ltd. | Blyth, Northumberland | ***Barbrook*** | Bar-class boom defence vessel | For Royal Navy. |
| 31 May | United Kingdom | J. Samuel White | Cowes | ***Egret*** | *Egret*-class sloop | For Royal Navy. |
| 31 May | United Kingdom | Harland & Wolff | Belfast | ***Waimarama*** | Cargo ship | For Shaw Savill Line. |
| 11 June | United States | Federal Shipbuilding | Kearny, New Jersey | ***Ellet*** | *Benham*-class destroyer |  |
| 14 June | United Kingdom | Harland & Wolff | Belfast | ***Durban Castle*** | Passenger ship | For Union-Castle Line. |
| 15 June | Germany | DeSchiMAG | Bremen | ***Karl Galster*** | Type 1936-class destroyer |  |
| 28 June | United Kingdom | Harland & Wolff | Belfast | ***Dromus*** | Tanker | For Anglo Saxon Petroleum Co. |
| 28 June | Japan | Uraga Dock Company | Uraga | ***Shiranui*** | *Kagerō*-class destroyer | For Imperial Japanese Navy. |  |
| 29 June | United Kingdom | Caledon Shipbuilding & Engineering Co. Ltd. | Dundee | ***Glenearn*** | Cargo ship | For Blue Funnel Line. |
| 29 June | United Kingdom | Grangemouth Dockyard Co. Ltd. | Grangemouth | ***Robert Middleton*** | *Icemaid* type collier | For Ministry of War Transport. Completed as a *Dundas*-class coastal stores carrier for the Royal Fleet Auxiliary. |
| 30 June | United Kingdom | Denny | Dumbarton | ***Auckland*** | *Egret*-class sloop | For Royal Navy. |
| 7 July | Norway | Royal Norwegian Navy Shipyard | Horten | ***Gyller*** | *Sleipner*-class destroyer |  |
| 17 July | United Kingdom | Smiths Dock Company | South Bank-on-Tees, Middlesbrough | ***Bembridge*** | Pilot cutter | For Trinity House. |
| 27 July | United Kingdom | Swan Hunter & Wigham Richardson | Wallsend, England | ***Dominion Monarch*** | Cargo liner | For Shaw, Savill & Albion Line |
| 28 July | United Kingdom | Cammell Laird | Birkenhead, England | ***Mauretania*** | Ocean liner | For Cunard Line |
| 28 July | United States | Philadelphia Naval Shipyard | Philadelphia | ***Rhind*** | *Benham*-class destroyer |  |
| 22 August | Germany | Germaniawerft | Kiel | ***Prinz Eugen*** | Modified *Admiral Hipper*-class cruiser |  |
| 23 August | United Kingdom | Blyth Dry Docks & Shipbuilding Co. Ltd. | Blyth, Northumberland | ***Barcastle*** | Bar-class boom defence vessel | For Royal Navy. |
| 25 August | United Kingdom | Harland & Wolff | Belfast | ***British Fidelity*** | Tanker | For British Tanker Company. |
| 28 August | Germany | DeSchiMAG | Bremen | ***Wilhelm Heidkamp*** | Type 1936-class destroyer |  |
| 28 August | United States | Federal Shipbuilding | Kearny, New Jersey | ***Lang*** | *Benham*-class destroyer |  |
| 1 September | Denmark | Nylands Verksted | Copenhagen | ***Dr. Heinrich Wiegand*** | Cargo ship | For Argo Line. |
| 9 September | United Kingdom | Hawthorn Leslie and Company | Hebburn-on-Tyne | ***Jervis*** | J-class destroyer |  |
| 12 September | United Kingdom | Thornycroft | Woolston | ***Pelican*** | *Egret*-class sloop | For Royal Navy. |
| 15 September | Germany | Germaniawerft | Kiel | ***Steiermark*** | Cargo ship | For Hamburg America Line. |
| 20 September | Germany | DeSchiMAG | Bremen | ***Anton Schmitt*** | Type 1936-class destroyer |  |
| 22 September | Germany | Blohm + Voss | Hamburg | ***Mircea*** | *Gorch-Fock*-class sail training ship | For Romanian Navy |
| 24 September | Finland | Wärtsilä Hietalahti Shipyard | Helsinki | ***Sisu*** | Icebreaker | For Finnish Board of Navigation |
| 26 September | United Kingdom | J. Samuel White | Cowes | ***Jersey*** | J-class destroyer |  |
| 27 September | United Kingdom | John Brown & Company | Clydebank, Scotland | ***Queen Elizabeth*** | Ocean liner | For Cunard Line |
| 27 September | Japan | Maizuru Naval Arsenal | Maizuru | ***Kagerō*** | *Kagerō*-class destroyer |  |
| 29 September | Germany | Deschimag Seebeckwerft | Wesermünde | ***Jan Mayen*** | Fishing trawler | For Norddeutsche Hochseefischerei AG |
| September | Germany | Deschimag Seebeckwerft | Wesermünde | ***Weser*** | Fishing trawler | For Hanseatische Hochseefischerei AG |
| 11 October | United Kingdom | Swan Hunter & Wigham Richardson | Wallsend | ***Janus*** | J-class destroyer |  |
| 11 October | United Kingdom | Blythwood Shipbuilding Co. Ltd. | Glasgow | ***San Demetrio*** | Tanker | For Eagle Oil & Shipping Co. Ltd. |
| 12 October | United Kingdom | Harland & Wolff | Belfast | ***Pretoria Castle*** | Passenger ship | For Union-Castle Line. |
| 25 October | United Kingdom | Harland & Wolff | Belfast | ***Cairndale*** | Tanker | For Royal Fleet Auxiliary. |
| 25 October | United Kingdom | John Brown & Company | Clydebank | ***Jackal*** | J-class destroyer |  |
| 25 October | United Kingdom | Hawthorn Leslie and Company | Hebburn-on-Tyne | ***Kelly*** | K-class destroyer |  |
| 25 October | Japan | Fujinagata Shipyard | Osaka | ***Kuroshio*** | *Kagerō*-class destroyer | For Imperial Japanese Navy. |
| 27 October | United Kingdom | Yarrow & Company | Scotstoun | ***Jupiter*** | J-class destroyer |  |
| 27 October | United States | Charleston Naval Shipyard | North Charleston, South Carolina | ***Sterett*** | *Benham*-class destroyer |  |
| October | Germany | Deutsche Schiff- und Maschinenbau AG | Bremen | ***Neidenfels*** | Cargo liner | For Deutsche Dampfschiffahrts-Gesellschaft "Hansa" |
| 8 November | United Kingdom | Blyth Dry Docks & Shipbuilding Co. Ltd | Blyth, Northumberland | ***Bayonet*** | Net-class boom defence vessel | For Royal Navy. |
| 8 November | United Kingdom | Harland & Wolff | Belfast | ***Richmond Castle*** | Refrigerated cargo ship | For Union-Castle Line. |
| 22 November | United Kingdom | William Denny & Brothers | Dumbarton | ***Jaguar*** | J-class destroyer |  |
| 29 November | Japan | Maizuru Naval Arsenal | Maizuru | ***Oyashio*** | *Kagerō*-class destroyer | For Imperial Japanese Navy. |
| 5 December | United Kingdom | Blyth Dry Docks & Shipbuilding Co. Ltd | Blyth, Northumberland | ***Falconet*** | Net-class boom defence vessel | For Royal Navy. |
| 8 December | Germany | Deutsche Werke | Kiel | ***Graf Zeppelin*** | *Graf Zeppelin*-class aircraft carrier |  |
| 8 December | United Kingdom | Fairfield Shipbuilding & Engineering Company | Govan | ***Juno*** | J-class destroyer |  |
| 8 December | Japan | Harima Zōsen KK | Aioi, Harima | ***Kuroshio Maru*** | Kawasaki-type oiler | For Chigai Kisen KK |
| 8 December | United Kingdom | Harland & Wolff | Belfast | ***Rowallan Castle*** | Refrigerated cargo ship | For Union-Castle Line. |
| 20 December | United Kingdom | Harland & Wolff | Belfast | ***San Emiliano*** | Tanker | For Eagle Oil and Shipping Company. |
| 21 December | United Kingdom | John Brown & Company | Clydebank | ***Javelin*** | J-class destroyer |  |
| Unknown date | Germany | Lübecker Maschinenbau Gesellschaft | Lübeck | ***Adler*** | Cargo liner | For Argo Reederei Richard Adler & Co |
| Unknown date | Danzig | Danziger Werft AG | Danzig | ***Amrum*** | Coastal tanker | For Kriegsmarine. |
| Unknown date | United Kingdom | Goole Shipbuilding & Repairing Co. Ltd. | Goole | ***Barcombe*** | Bar-class boom defence vessel | For Royal Navy. |
| Unknown date | United Kingdom | Goole Shipbuilding & Repairing Co. Ltd. | Goole | ***Barcroft*** | Bar-class boom defence vessel | For Royal Navy. |
| Unknown date | United Kingdom | Blyth Dry Docks & Shipbuilding Co. Ltd | Blyth, Northumberland | ***B.H.M. Motor Ferry No. 4*** | Ferry | For Blyth Harbour Commissioners. |
| Unknown date | United Kingdom | Cochrane & Son Ltd. | Selby | ***Brahman*** | Tug | For United Towing Co. Ltd. |
| Unknown date | Germany | Schulte & Bruns | Emden | ***Coburg*** | Fishing trawler | For H. Bischoff & Co |
| Unknown date | Netherlands | Nederlands Scheepsbouw Maatschappij | Vlissingen | ***Denbighshire*** | Cargo ship | For Blue Funnel Line. |
| Unknown date | United Kingdom | Sir James Laing & Sons Ltd. | Sunderland | ***Eisdanger*** | Norwegian-type tanker | For Westfal-Larsen & Co. A/S. |
| Unknown date | Germany | Neptun Werft | Rostock | ***Friedrich Karl*** | Cargo ship | For Reederei Wendenhof GmbH |
| Unknown date | Germany | F. Schichau GmbH. | Elbing | ***Gabelsflach*** | tanker | For Kriegsmarine. |
| Unknown date | Germany | Flensburger Schiffbau-Gesellschaft | Flensburg | ***Haga*** | Cargo ship | For Mathies Reederei |
| Unknown date | Germany | Neptun AG | Rostock | ***Hannah Boge*** | Cargo ship | For J. M. K. Blumenthal. |
| Unknown date | Germany | Bremer Vulkan Schiffs- und Maschinenbau | Stettin | ***Hohenfels*** | Cargo ship | For Hansa Line. |
| Unknown date | United Kingdom |  |  | ***John Holt*** | Cargo ship | For John Holt & Co (Liverpool) Ltd. |
| Unknown date | United Kingdom |  |  | ***Johnathan Holt*** | Cargo ship | For John Holt & Co (Liverpool) Ltd. |
| Unknown date | United Kingdom | Cochrane & Son Ltd. | Selby | ***Krooman*** | Tug | For United Towing Co Ltd. |
| Unknown date | Germany | Schiffbau-Gesellschaft Unterweser AG, | Wesermünde | ***Luna*** | Passenger ship | For Dampfschiffahrts Gesellschaft Neptun AG (Neptun Line). |
| Unknown date | United Kingdom | British Power Boat Company | Hythe | ***MMS 51*** | MMS-class minesweeper | For Royal Navy. |
| Unknown date | United Kingdom | Charles Connell & Co Ltd | Glasgow | ***Mountpark*** | Cargo ship | For J. & J. Denholm Ltd. |
| Unknown date | United Kingdom | Cochrne & Sons Ltd. | Selby | ***Marinia*** | tug | For Overseas Towage & Salvage Co. Ltd. |
| Unknown date | United Kingdom | Cochrne & Sons Ltd. | Selby | ***Neptunia*** | tug | For Overseas Towage & Salvage Co. Ltd. |
| Unknown date | United Kingdom | Cochrane & Son Ltd. | Selby | ***Norman*** | Tug | For United Towing Co. Ltd. |
| Unknown date | Germany | Deutsche Werft. | Hamburg | ***Patria*** | Ocean liner | For private owner. |
| Unknown date | Germany | Deutsche Werft | Hamburg | ***Pomona*** | Cargo ship | For F. Laiesz & Co. |
| Unknown date | United States | Campbell Industries | San Diego | ***Prospect*** | Tuna clipper | For Star & Crescent Boat Company |
| Unknown date | Germany | Studen und Reederei GmbH | Beidenfleth | ***Sachsen*** | Sealer | For Studen und Reederei GmbH. |
| Unknown date | United Kingdom | Cochrane & Sons Ltd. | Selby | ***Salvonia*** | tug | For Overseas Towage & Salvage Co. Ltd. |
| Unknown date | United Kingdom | Sir James Laing & Sons Ltd. | Sunderland | ***Sandanger*** | Norwegian-type tanker | For Westfal-Larsen & Co. A/S. |
| Unknown date | Germany | Howaldtswerke | Kiel | ***Schwan*** | Cargo ship | For Argo Line |
| Unknown date | Germany | H. C. Stulcken | Hamburg | ***Sperber*** | Light seaplane tender | For Luftwaffe use |
| Unknown date | Germany | Deutsche Schiff- und Maschinenbau AG | Bremen | ***Süderau*** | Cargo ship | For Bugsier Reederei und Bergungs AG |
| Unknown date | Sweden | Oresunds Varvet. | Landskrona | ***Viator*** | Cargo ship | For private owner. |
| Unknown date | Norway | Moss Vaerft & Dokk. | Moss | ***Wandsbek*** | Cargo ship | For Knohr & Burchard. |
| Unknown date | United Kingdom | Charles Connell & Co Ltd | Glasgow | ***Wellpark*** | Cargo ship | For J. & J. Denholm Ltd. |

Sources * Friedman, Norman (1982). *U.S. Destroyers: An Illustrated Design History*. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-733-X.
* Friedman, Norman (2008). *British Destroyers and Frigates: The Second World War and After*. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84832-015-4.
* Hague, Arnold (1993). *A History of the 71 Sloops Built in Britain and Australia for the British, Australian and Indian Navies 1926–1946*. Kendal, UK: World Ship Society. ISBN 0-905617-67-3.
* Jentschura, Hansgeorg; Jung, Dieter; Mikel, Peter (1977). *Warships of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1869–1945*. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-893-X.
* Lenton, H. T. (1966). *Navies of the Second World War: German Surface Vessels*. London: Macdonald & Co.
* Mitchell, WH; Sawyer, LA (1990). *The Empire Ships* (Second ed.). London, New York, Hamburg, Hong Kong: Lloyd's of London Press Ltd. ISBN 1-85044-275-4.


title: Lyon Village, Virginia

abstract: Lyon Village is a neighborhood and urban village in Arlington County, Virginia, along Langston Boulevard. It adjoins Arlington County's government center, and is approximately one mile west of Rosslyn and less than a mile north of Clarendon, of which it is sometimes considered a sub-neighborhood, as is Cherrydale, the mostly residential district immediately west of Lyon Village.

text:
# Lyon Village, Virginia

**Lyon Village** is a neighborhood and urban village in Arlington County, Virginia, along Langston Boulevard (U.S. Route 29). It adjoins Arlington County's government center (including the courthouse and police/jail complex), and is approximately one mile west of Rosslyn and less than a mile north of Clarendon, of which it is sometimes considered a sub-neighborhood, as is Cherrydale, the mostly residential district immediately west of Lyon Village.

## Modern geography

The Lyon Village Historic District encompasses 1,073 contributing buildings and 1 contributing structure. The District as a "cohesive residential neighborhood in northern Arlington County, Virginia, located immediately north of the Clarendon Commercial District and roughly nestled between Wilson Boulevard to the south and Lee Highway to the north." Major thoroughfares provide access to commercial and employment centers in the surrounding county and nearby Washington, D.C. The 191 acre historic neighborhood extends east to North Veitch Street and westward to North Kirkwood Road, including forty-three acres more than the original 148 acres platted by Frank Lyon in 1923.

The neighborhood's commercial center presently includes a shopping center located at the confluence of Langston Boulevard, Spout Run Parkway and Interstate 66 (I-66). The area also includes a community house; a Veterans of Foreign Wars hall named for the developer's son, John Lyon, who died in World War I lies immediately east of the neighborhood. Parts of the neighborhood are near the Clarendon and Court House stations of Metrorail's Orange Line.

## History

### 19th century

According to the Arlington County Library, Robert Cruit, an immigrant from Devon, England, purchased land in the Clarendon area in 1825 for a farm.

### 20th century

In 1923, his heirs sold the land to developer Frank Lyon, who subdivided it into tracts for residential development, including the eponymous Lyon Village. Most of the single-family homes in the neighborhood were constructed in the 1920s and 1930s. The Civil War Fort Strong which once protected Washington DC is now long gone, replaced by multi-story apartment buildings overlooking Interstate 66. There have been a growing number of teardowns (as of 2016).

The first portion of the neighborhood to be platted as Lyon Village by Frank Lyon in 1923 was landscaped with tree-lined streets, traffic circles, and an intricate system of curvilinear roads that complemented the less-than-one-acre housing lots. Aurora Heights and portions of Clarendon now fall within the current boundaries of Lyon Village and contain residential buildings constructed prior to Lyon's purchase of the Cruit property. Lyon Village was further enlarged by the platting of adjacent blocks with a more grid-like street pattern from the 1930s to the 1950s.

Lyon Village is defined by a variety of 20th-century architectural styles and building types ranging from early-20th-century high style to vernacular interpretations of the elaborate styles traditionally erected decades earlier. Primarily, the domestic buildings in Lyon Village range from the 1880s to infill housing of the late 1990s. Building forms and styles extend from the imposing brick Colonial Revival-style dwelling to the smaller bungalow.

Architectural styles presented in Lyon Village were often diluted, illustrating modest examples of Queen Anne, Colonial Revival, Craftsman, Tudor Revival, Classical Revival and Spanish Mission Revival styles. The community is primarily made up of single-family dwellings, supported along the borders by multiple-family apartment buildings, a landscaped park and community building, churches, and commercial buildings, which are not included in the historic district. Many of the properties include freestanding or attached garages and sheds. The buildings, particularly the single-family dwellings, are buffered from the public streets by sidewalks and grassy medians.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Lyon Village Historic District | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| U.S. Historic district | |
| Virginia Landmarks Register | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | Roughly bounded by Lee Highway, N. Veitch St., N. Franklin Rd., N. Highland St., N. Fillmore St., and N. Kirkwood Rd., Arlington County, Virginia |
| Coordinates | 38°53′29″N 77°5′42″W / 38.89139°N 77.09500°W / 38.89139; -77.09500 |
| Area | 191 acres (77 ha) |
| Built | 1846 (1846) |
| Architect | Lyon, Frank; et al. |
| Architectural style | Late Victorian, Late 19th And 20th Century Revivals |
| NRHP reference No. | 02000512 |
| VLR No. | 000-7822 |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | May 10, 2002 |
| Designated VLR | December 5, 2001 |


title: Pakistan Muslim League (Qayyum)

abstract: The Pakistan Muslim League (Qayyum), also referred as Qayyum Muslim League (QML) or Muslim League (Qayyum) was a Pakistani political party. After an attempt to neutralize the Pakistan Peoples Party and the Awami League by uniting the PML-Convention and PML-Council, instead, PML-Council leader Sardar Qayyum quit the party and formed his own faction, "Qayyum Muslim League (QML)". PML-Qayyum fielded 173 candidates for the National Assembly of Pakistan in the 1970 general election and won nine seats, whike the first runner-up won 26 seats. It won one seat at the national level and two in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in the 1977 elections, which was the last time it won seats. It last ran candidates in the 1993 Pakistani general election.

text:
# Pakistan Muslim League (Qayyum)

The **Pakistan Muslim League (Qayyum)**, also referred as **Qayyum Muslim League (QML)** or **Muslim League (Qayyum)** was a Pakistani political party. After an attempt to neutralize the Pakistan Peoples Party and the Awami League by uniting the PML-Convention and PML-Council, instead, PML-Council leader Sardar Qayyum quit the party and formed his own faction, "Qayyum Muslim League (QML)".

PML-Qayyum fielded 173 candidates for the National Assembly of Pakistan in the 1970 general election and won nine seats, whike the first runner-up won 26 seats. It won one seat at the national level and two in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in the 1977 elections, which was the last time it won seats. It last ran candidates in the 1993 Pakistani general election.

## InfoBox

| Pakistan Muslim League <br>(Qayyum) پاکستان مسلم ليگ (قيوم) | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Abbreviation | PML-Qayyum, QML |
| Leader | Abdul Qayyum Khan |
| Founder | Abdul Qayyum Khan |
| Founded | 1970 (1970) |
| Dissolved | 1993 |
| Split from | PML(Cou) |
| Ideology | Conservatism |
|  | |


title: The Dripping Pan

abstract: The Dripping Pan is a football stadium in Lewes, England. It has been home to Lewes F.C. since their foundation in 1885. It had previously been used by Lewes Priory Cricket Club, though the ground itself had been used by the people of Lewes as an area for recreation, including athletics, as far back as written records exist.

text:
# The Dripping Pan

**The Dripping Pan** is a football stadium in Lewes, England. It has been home to Lewes F.C. since their foundation in 1885. It had previously been used by Lewes Priory Cricket Club, though the ground itself had been used by the people of Lewes as an area for recreation, including athletics, as far back as written records exist.

## Early history

The original purpose of the site is unclear, although local legend suggests that it was part of a salt making industry run by monks from the adjacent Cluniac Lewes Priory, the ruins of which can still be seen from the ground. The spoil from the excavation forms the Mount behind the Clubhouse, and both structures appear in the very earliest maps of Lewes in 1745.

Indeed, the ground may merely be the excavation pit for the Mount itself, which has been suggested as the original 'temporary' motte and bailey fortress constructed by William the Conqueror's close ally, William de Warenne, before he developed Lewes Castle on higher ground. An archaeological survey during construction of the new terrace failed to reveal any further insights into either the purpose or the age of the ground itself.

The earliest known use for cricket was 2nd Duke of Richmond's XI v Sir William Gage's XI in August 1730. It is not clear if the game was started as an announcement stated that "it was put off on account of Waymark, the Duke's man, being ill". Thomas Waymark was the outstanding player of the time. Two earlier matches are known to have taken place in Lewes but the specific location in each case was not recorded. The first was towards the end of the 1728 season and was a proposed match between the 2nd Duke of Richmond's XI and Sir William Gage's XI. The second was in September 1729 when a combined Sussex, Surrey and Hampshire team played against Kent.

Lewes F.C. have played at the Dripping Pan every year since 1885, apart from a couple of seasons immediately prior to the First World War when the club played at the adjoining Convent Field.

## Recent history

The Dripping Pan has seen major redevelopment over recent years in order for it to achieve the necessary ground grading to allow it to be used as a football venue in the Conference South and the Conference National. Developing the ground has had its obstacles as the perimeter walls of the Dripping Pan are listed structures.

In April 2008, the ground was awarded a 'B' grade, allowing it to be used in the Conference National. The ground has since been updated further to ensure it was awarded the required 'A' grade by April 2009.

## Stands

The ground has one covered terrace, one uncovered terrace, a grass bank with walkway and a covered stand; a total capacity of 3,000 with seated accommodation for 600 in the main Rookery Stand.

* **Rookery Stand**, opened in July 2007, is the newest stand at the ground and replaced the aged wooden South stand. It is a covered, all-seater stand.

In summer 2023 this stand had the seating replaced with red leather, soft padded seating from Wembley Stadium.

* **Ham Lane End** is an uncovered terrace on the east side of the pitch. During Lewes' season in the Conference Premier, strict safety regulations meant away fans had to be segregated here. However, it is normally used by both home and away supporters.
* **Philcox Terrace** is a covered terrace which was opened in April 2003. From some areas of this terrace the view of one of the corner flags is obscured by the adjacent clubhouse. The top of the terrace affords fine views of the South Downs.
* **Grass Bank**. There is one original remaining grass bank at the Dripping Pan, running the length of the pitch on the north side of the stadium. Spectators are permitted on the flat walkway along the top of the bank, but the slope itself is fenced off for safety reasons.

There is a small car park adjacent to the ground, which is run by the local council and not owned by the club.

50°52′8.47″N 0°0′44.19″E / 50.8690194°N 0.0122750°E / 50.8690194; 0.0122750

## Bibliography

* Maun, Ian (2009). *From Commons to Lord's, Volume One: 1700 to 1750*. Roger Heavens. ISBN 978-1-900592-52-9.
* McCann, Tim (2004). *Sussex Cricket in the Eighteenth Century*. Sussex Record Society.
* Waghorn, H. T. (1899). *Cricket Scores, Notes, etc. (1730–1773)*. Blackwood.
* Waghorn, H. T. (1906). *The Dawn of Cricket*. Electric Press.
* Wilson, Martin (2005). *An Index to Waghorn*. Bodyline.

## InfoBox

The Dripping Pan
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Full name | The Dripping Pan |
| Location | Mountfield Road, Lewes, East Sussex |
| Capacity | 3,000 (600 seated) |
| Field size | 110 x 72 yards |
| Opened | 1885 |
| Tenants | |
| Lewes F.C., Lewes L.F.C. | |


abstract: This is a complete list of members of the United States House of Representatives during the 12th United States Congress listed by seniority. For the most part, representatives are ranked by the beginning of their terms in office. As an historical article, the districts and party affiliations listed reflect those during the 12th Congress. Seats and party affiliations on similar lists for other Congresses will be different for certain members. This article describes the criteria for seniority in the House of Representatives and sets out the list of members by seniority. It is prepared on the basis of the interpretation of seniority applied to the House of Representatives in the current congress. In the absence of information to the contrary, it is presumed that the twenty-first-century practice is identical to the seniority customs used during the 12th Congress.

text:
# List of members of the United States House of Representatives in the 12th Congress by seniority

This is a **complete list of members of the United States House of Representatives during the 12th United States Congress** listed by seniority. For the most part, representatives are ranked by the beginning of their terms in office.

As an historical article, the districts and party affiliations listed reflect those during the 12th Congress (March 4, 1811 – March 3, 1813). Seats and party affiliations on similar lists for other Congresses will be different for certain members.

This article describes the criteria for seniority in the House of Representatives and sets out the list of members by seniority. It is prepared on the basis of the interpretation of seniority applied to the House of Representatives in the current congress. In the absence of information to the contrary, it is presumed that the twenty-first-century practice is identical to the seniority customs used during the 12th Congress.

## House seniority

Seniority in the House, for Congressmen with unbroken service, depends on the date on which the members first term began. That date is either the start of the Congress (4 March in odd numbered years, for the era up to and including the 73rd Congress starting in 1933) or the date of a special election during the Congress. Since many members start serving on the same day as others, ranking between them is based on alphabetical order by the last name of the congressman.

Congressmen, in early Congresses, were often elected after the legal start of the Congress. Such representatives are attributed with unbroken seniority, from the legal start of the congressional term, if they were the first person elected to a seat in a Congress. The date of the election is indicated in a note.

The seniority date is normally taken from the members entry in the *Biographical Directory of the United States Congress*, except where the date given is the legal start of the Congress and the actual election (for someone who was not the first person elected to the seat in that Congress) was later. The date of election is taken from *United States Congressional Elections 1788-1997*. In a few instances the latter work provides dates, for the start and end of terms, which correct those in the Biographical Directory.

The Biographical Directory normally uses the date of a special election, as the seniority date. However, mostly in early Congresses, the date of the member taking his seat can be the one given. The date of the special election is mentioned in a note to the list below, when that date is not used as the seniority date by the Biographical Directory.

Representatives who returned to the House, after having previously served, are credited with service equal to one less than the total number of terms they served. When a representative has served a prior term of less than two terms (i.e. prior term minus one equals less than one), he is ranked above all others whose service begins on the same day.

## Leadership

In this Congress the only formal leader was the Speaker of the House. A Speakership ballot was held on November 4, 1811, and Henry Clay (DR-KY) was elected.

The title Dean of the House (sometimes known, in the nineteenth century, as Father of the House) was held by the member with the longest continuous service. It was not a leadership position.

## Standing committees

The House created its first standing committee, on April 13, 1789. There were nine standing committees, listed in the rules initially used by the 12th Congress.

Committees, in this period, were appointed for a session at a time by the Speaker.

This list refers to the standing committees of the House in the 12th Congress, the year of establishment as a standing committee, the number of members assigned to the committee and the dates of appointment in each session, the end of the session and its chairman. Chairmen, who were re-appointed after serving in the previous Congress, are indicated by an \*.

The first session was November 4, 1811-July 6, 1812 (245 days) and the second session was November 2, 1812-March 3, 1813 (122 days).

| No. | Committee | From | Mbrs | Appointed | Chairman |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Accounts | 1805 | 3 | November 8, 1811-July 6, 1812 | Charles Turner, Jr. (DR-MA) |
| | | | | November 5, 1812-March 3, 1813 | |
| 2 | Claims | 1794 | 7 | November 8, 1811-July 6, 1812 | Burwell Bassett (DR-VA) |
| | | | | November 5, 1812-March 3, 1813 | Thomas Gholson, Jr. (DR-VA) |
| 3 | Commerce and Manufactures | 1795 | 7 | November 8, 1811-July 6, 1812 | \*Thomas Newton, Jr. (DR-VA) |
| | | | | November 5, 1812-March 3, 1813 | |
| 4 | District of Columbia | 1808 | 7 | November 8, 1811-July 6, 1812 | Joseph Lewis, Jr. (F-VA) |
| | | | | November 5, 1812-March 3, 1813 | |
| 5 | Elections | 1789 | 7 | November 7, 1811-July 6, 1812 | \*William Findley (DR-PA) |
| | | | | November 5, 1812-March 3, 1813 | |
| 6 | Post Office and Post Roads | 1808 | 17 | November 8, 1811-July 6, 1812 | \*John Rhea (DR-TN) |
| | | | 7 | November 5, 1812-March 3, 1813 | |
| 7 | Public Lands | 1805 | 7 | November 8, 1811-July 6, 1812 | \*Jeremiah Morrow (DR-OH) |
| | | | | November 5, 1812-March 3, 1813 | |
| 8 | Revisal and Unfinished Business | 1795 | 3 | November 8, 1811-July 6, 1812 | Adam Seybert (DR-PA) |
| | | | | November 5, 1812-March 3, 1813 | Burwell Bassett (DR-VA) |
| 9 | Ways and Means | 1802 | 7 | November 8, 1811-July 6, 1812 | Ezekiel Bacon (DR-MA) |
| | | | | November 5, 1812-March 3, 1813 | Langdon Cheves (DR-SC) |
|

## List of representatives by seniority

A numerical rank is assigned to each of the 142 members initially elected to the 12th Congress. Other members, who were not the first person elected to a seat but who joined the House during the Congress, are not assigned a number (with the exception of the first member from the newly admitted state of Louisiana, who is numbered 143).

Four Representatives-elect were not sworn in, as they resigned. The list below includes the Representatives-elect (with name in italics), with the seniority they would have held if sworn in.

Party designations used in this article are DR for Democratic-Republican members and F for Federalist representatives. Designations used for service in the first three congresses are (A) for Anti-Administration members and (P) for Pro-Administration representatives.

U.S. House seniority
| Rank | Representative | Party | District | Seniority date | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *Eleven consecutive terms* | | | | | |
| 1 | Nathaniel Macon | DR | NC-6 | March 4, 1791 | (A) 1791–95. Dean of the House. |
| *Nine consecutive terms* | | | | | |
| 2 | *Joseph B. Varnum* | DR | MA-4 | March 4, 1795 | Resigned, as Representative-elect, to become US Senator: June 29, 1811 |
| *Nine non-consecutive terms* | | | | | |
| 3 | William Findley | DR | PA-8 | March 4, 1803 | Previously served (A) 1791-95 and (DR) 1795-99 while in the House. Chairman: Elections. |
| *Eight consecutive terms* | | | | | |
| 4 | Matthew Clay | DR | VA-14 | March 4, 1797 | Elected to this Congress: April 1811. Last term while serving in the House until 14th Congress. |
| 5 | John Dawson | DR | VA-10 | | Elected to this Congress: April 1811 |
| 6 | Richard Stanford | DR | NC-8 | |  |
| 7 | Robert Brown | DR | PA-2 | | December 4, 1798 |
| *Eight non-consecutive terms* | | | | | |
| 8 | John Clopton | DR | VA-22 | March 4, 1801 | Previously served (DR) 1795-99 while in the House. Elected to this Congress: April 1811. |
| 9 | John Smilie | DR | PA-9 | March 4, 1799 | Previously served (A) 1793-95 while in the House. Died on December 30, 1812, while still serving in the House. |
| 10 | Richard Winn | DR | SC-5 | January 24, 1803 | Previously served (A) 1793-95 and (DR) 1795-97 while in the House. Last term while serving in the House. |
| *Seven consecutive terms* | | | | | |
| 11 | Willis Alston | DR | NC-2 | March 4, 1799 |  |
| 12 | John Davenport | F | CT-al | | |
| 13 | Edwin Gray | DR | VA-19 | | Elected to this Congress: April 1811. Last term while serving in the House. |
| 14 | John Randolph | DR | VA-15 | | Elected to this Congress: April 1811. Last term while serving in the House until 14th Congress. |
| *Seven non-consecutive terms* | | | | | |
| 15 | David Bard | DR | PA-4 | March 4, 1803 | Previously served (DR) 1795-99 while in the House. |
| 16 | Anthony New | DR | KY-1 | March 4, 1811 | Previously served (A-VA) 1793-95 and (DR-VA) 1795-1805 while in the House. Last term while serving in the House until 15th Congress. |
| *Six consecutive terms* | | | | | |
| 17 | William Butler | DR | SC-2 | March 4, 1801 | Last term while serving in the House. |
| 18 | Thomas Moore | DR | SC-7 | | Last term while serving in the House until 14th Congress. |
| 19 | Thomas Newton, Jr. | DR | VA-20 | | Elected to this Congress: April 1811. Chairman: Commerce and Manufactures. |
| 20 | John Smith | DR | VA-3 | | Elected to this Congress: April 1811 |
| 21 | Richard Cutts | DR | MA-14 | June 22, 1801 | Last term while serving in the House. |
| 22 | Benjamin Tallmadge | F | CT-al | September 21, 1801 |  |
| *Six non-consecutive terms* | | | | | |
| 23 | Thomas Blount | DR | NC-3 | March 4, 1811 | Previously served (A) 1793-95; (DR) 1795-99 and 1805-09 while in the House. Died on February 7, 1812, while still serving in the House. |
| *Five consecutive terms* | | | | | |
| 24 | Martin Chittenden | F | VT-4 | March 4, 1803 | Last term while serving in the House. |
| 25 | Peterson Goodwyn | DR | VA-18 | | Elected to this Congress: April 1811 |
| 26 | Joseph Lewis, Jr. | F | VA-7 | | Elected to this Congress: April 1811. Chairman: District of Columbia. |
| 27 | Jeremiah Morrow | DR | OH-al | | Chairman: Public Lands. Last term while serving in the House until 26th Congress. |
| 28 | John Rhea | DR | TN-1 | | Elected to this Congress: August 1–2, 1811. Washington District. Chairman: Post Office and Post Roads. |
| 29 | Ebenezer Seaver | DR | MA-13 | | Last term while serving in the House. |
| 30 | Samuel Taggart | F | MA-6 | |  |
| *Four consecutive terms* | | | | | |
| 31 | Burwell Bassett | DR | VA-12 | March 4, 1805 | Elected to this Congress: April 1811. Chairman: Claims (1811–12). Chairman: Revisal and Unfinished Business (1812–13). Last term while serving in the House until 14th Congress. |
| 32 | William Ely | F | MA-5 | |  |
| 33 | Charles Goldsborough | F | MD-8 | |
| 34 | Jonathan O. Moseley | F | CT-al | |
| 35 | Josiah Quincy | F | MA-1 | | Last term while serving in the House. |
| 36 | Timothy Pitkin | F | CT-al | September 16, 1805 |  |
| 37 | Lewis B. Sturges | F | CT-al | | |
| 38 | Robert Whitehill | DR | PA-4 | November 7, 1805 | |
| 39 | William A. Burwell | DR | VA-13 | December 1, 1806 | Elected to this Congress: April 1811 |
| 40 | William W. Bibb | DR | GA-al | January 26, 1807 |  |
| *Four non-consecutive terms* | | | | | |
| 41 | William Blackledge | DR | NC-4 | March 4, 1811 | Previously served (DR) 1803-09 while in the House. Last term while serving in the House. |
| 42 | Thomas Sammons | DR | NY-9 | March 4, 1809 | Previously served (DR) 1803-07 while in the House. Last term while serving in the House. |
| 43 | Adam Boyd | DR | NJ-al | March 8, 1808 | Previously served (DR) 1803-05 while in the House. Last term while serving in the House. |
| 44 | Samuel L. Mitchill | DR | NY-2 | December 4, 1810 | Previously served (DR) 1801-November 22, 1804, while in the House. Last term while serving in the House. |
| *Three consecutive terms* | | | | | |
| 45 | Epaphroditus Champion | F | CT-al | March 4, 1807 |  |
| 46 | Howell Cobb | DR | GA-al | | Resigned August 1812 while still serving in the House. |
| 47 | Joseph Desha | DR | KY-6 | |  |
| 48 | Meshack Franklin | DR | NC-12 | |
| 49 | Richard M. Johnson | DR | KY-4 | |
| 50 | Philip B. Key | F | MD-3 | | Last term while serving in the House. |
| 51 | *John Montgomery* | DR | MD-6 | | Resigned, as Representative-elect: April 29, 1811 |
| 52 | Thomas Newbold | DR | NJ-al | | Last term while serving in the House. |
| 53 | Lemuel Sawyer | DR | NC-1 | | Last term while serving in the House until 15th Congress. |
| 54 | George M. Troup | DR | GA-al | |  |
| 55 | Ezekiel Bacon | DR | MA-12 | September 16, 1807 | Chairman: Ways and Means (1811–12). Last term while serving in the House. |
| 56 | Samuel Shaw | DR | VT-1 | September 6, 1808 | Last term while serving in the House. |
| 57 | Thomas Gholson, Jr. | DR | VA-17 | November 7, 1808 | Elected to this Congress: April 1811. Chairman: Claims (1812–13). |
| 58 | Richard Jackson, Jr. | F | RI-al | November 11, 1808 |  |
| *Three non-consecutive terms* | | | | | |
| 59 | James Fisk | DR | VT-3 | March 4, 1811 | Previously served (DR) 1805-09 while in the House. |
| 60 | Isaiah L. Green | DR | MA-8 | | Previously served (DR) 1805-09 while in the House. |
| 61 | Uri Tracy | DR | NY-13 | March 4, 1809 | Previously served (DR) 1805-07 while in the House. Last term while serving in the House. |
| 62 | David R. Williams | DR | SC-3 | March 4, 1811 | Previously served (DR) 1805-09 while in the House. Last term while serving in the House. |
| 63 | Elisha R. Potter | F | RI-al | March 4, 1809 | Previously served (F) November 15, 1796–97 while in the House. |
| *Two consecutive terms* | | | | | |
| 64 | William Anderson | DR | PA-1 | March 4, 1809 |  |
| 65 | James Breckinridge | F | VA-5 | | Elected to this Congress: April 1811 |
| 66 | *John Brown* | DR | MD-7 | | Resigned, as Representative-elect: 1810 |
| 67 | James Cochran | DR | NC-9 | | Last term while serving in the House. |
| 68 | William Crawford | DR | PA-1 | |  |
| 69 | James Emott | F | NY-4 | | Last term while serving in the House. |
| 70 | *Barzillai Gannett* | DR | MA-17 | | Resigned, as Representative-elect: July 29, 1811 |
| 71 | Thomas R. Gold | F | NY-11 | | Last term while serving in the House until 14th Congress. |
| 72 | Jacob Hufty | DR | NJ-al | |  |
| 73 | Robert L. Livingston | F | NY-6 | | Resigned on May 6, 1812, while still serving in the House. |
| 74 | Aaron Lyle | DR | PA-10 | |  |
| 75 | Archibald McBryde | F | NC-7 | | Last term while serving in the House. |
| 76 | Samuel McKee | DR | KY-2 | |  |
| 77 | Alexander McKim | DR | MD-5 | |
| 78 | Joseph Pearson | F | NC-10 | |
| 79 | Peter B. Porter | DR | NY-15 | | Last term while serving in the House until 14th Congress. |
| 80 | John Roane | DR | VA-11 | | Elected to this Congress: April 1811 |
| 81 | Ebenezer Sage | DR | NY-1 | |  |
| 82 | Daniel Sheffey | F | VA-6 | | Elected to this Congress: April 1811 |
| 83 | George Smith | DR | PA-5 | | Last term while serving in the House. |
| 84 | Laban Wheaton | F | MA-9 | |  |
| 85 | Charles Turner, Jr. | DR | MA-7 | June 28, 1809 | Chairman: Accounts. Last term while serving in the House. |
| 86 | Adam Seybert | DR | PA-1 | October 10, 1809 | Chairman: Revisal and Unfinished Business (1811–12) |
| 87 | Abijah Bigelow | F | MA-11 | October 8, 1810 |  |
| 88 | Samuel Ringgold | DR | MD-4 | October 15, 1810 | |
| ... | Robert Wright | DR | MD-7 | November 29, 1810 | Special election to 11th and 12th Congresses: November 15, 1810 |
| 89 | Langdon Cheves | DR | SC-1 | December 31, 1810 | Chairman: Ways and Means (1812–13) |
| *Two non-consecutive terms* | | | | | |
| 90 | John Sevier | DR | TN-2 | March 4, 1811 | Previously served (NC-P) June 16, 1790–91 while in the House. Elected to this Congress: August 1–2, 1811. Hamilton District. |
| 91 | Elias Earle | DR | SC-8 | | Previously served September 27, 1806–07 while in the House. |
| *One term* | | | | | |
| 92 | Daniel Avery | DR | NY-14 | March 4, 1811 |  |
| 93 | John Baker | F | VA-2 | | Elected to this Congress: April 1811. Only term while serving in the House. |
| 94 | Josiah Bartlett, Jr. | DR | NH-al | | Only term while serving in the House. |
| 95 | Harmanus Bleecker | F | NY-7 | |
| 96 | Elijah Brigham | F | MA-10 | |  |
| 97 | John C. Calhoun | DR | SC-6 | |
| 98 | Henry Clay | DR | KY-5 | | Speaker of the House |
| 99 | Lewis Condict | DR | NJ-al | |  |
| 100 | Thomas B. Cooke | DR | NY-5 | | Only term while serving in the House. |
| 101 | Roger Davis | DR | PA-3 | |  |
| 102 | Samuel Dinsmoor | DR | NH-al | | Only term while serving in the House. |
| 103 | Asa Fitch | F | NY-6 | |
| 104 | Felix Grundy | DR | TN-3 | | Elected to this Congress: August 1–2, 1811. Mero District. |
| 105 | Bolling Hall | DR | GA-al | |  |
| 106 | Obed Hall | DR | NH-al | | Only term while serving in the House. |
| 107 | John A. Harper | DR | NH-al | |
| 108 | Aylett Hawes | DR | VA-9 | | Elected to this Congress: April 1811 |
| 109 | John P. Hungerford | DR | VA-8 | | Elected to this Congress: April 1811. Unseated, after election contest: November 29, 1811. Only term while serving in the House until 13th Congress. |
| 110 | John M. Hyneman | DR | PA-3 | |  |
| 111 | Joseph Kent | DR | MD-2 | |
| 112 | William R. King | DR | NC-5 | |
| 113 | Abner Lacock | DR | PA-11 | | Only term while serving in the House (elected to but did not serve in 13th Congress) |
| 114 | Lyman Law | F | CT-al | |  |
| 115 | Joseph Lefever | DR | PA-3 | | Only term while serving in the House. |
| 116 | Peter Little | DR | MD-5 | | Only term while serving in the House until 14th Congress. |
| 117 | William Lowndes | DR | SC-4 | |  |
| 118 | George C. Maxwell | DR | NJ-al | | Only term while serving in the House. |
| 119 | William McCoy | DR | VA-4 | | Elected to this Congress: April 1811 |
| 120 | Arunah Metcalf | DR | NY-12 | | Only term while serving in the House. |
| 121 | James Milnor | F | PA-1 | |
| 122 | James Morgan | DR | NJ-al | |
| 123 | Hugh Nelson | DR | VA-21 | | Elected to this Congress: April 1811 |
| 124 | Stephen Ormsby | DR | KY-3 | | Only term while serving in the House until 13th Congress. |
| 125 | William Paulding, Jr. | DR | NY-2 | | Only term while serving in the House. |
| 126 | Israel Pickens | DR | NC-11 | |  |
| 127 | William Piper | DR | PA-7 | |
| 128 | James Pleasants | DR | VA-16 | | Elected to this Congress: April 1811 |
| 129 | Benjamin Pond | DR | NY-8 | | Only term while serving in the House. Elected to but did not serve in 14th Congress. |
| 130 | William Reed | F | MA-2 | |  |
| 131 | Henry M. Ridgely | F | DE-al | |
| 132 | Jonathan Roberts | DR | PA-2 | |
| 133 | William Rodman | DR | PA-2 | | Only term while serving in the House. |
| 134 | Silas Stow | DR | NY-10 | |
| 135 | William Strong | DR | VT-2 | |  |
| 136 | Philip Stuart | F | MD-1 | |
| 137 | George Sullivan | F | NH-al | | Only term while serving in the House. |
| 138 | Peleg Tallman | DR | MA-16 | |
| 139 | Pierre Van Cortlandt, Jr. | DR | NY-3 | |
| 140 | Leonard White | F | MA-3 | |
| 141 | William Widgery | DR | MA-15 | | Elected to this Congress: April 1, 1811. Only term while serving in the House. |
| 142 | Thomas Wilson | F | VA-1 | | Elected to this Congress: April 1811. Only term while serving in the House. |
| *Members joining the House, after the start of the Congress* | | | | | |
| ... | Stevenson Archer | DR | MD-6 | October 26, 1811 | Special election: October 2, 1811 |
| ... | William M. Richardson | DR | MA-4 | November 4, 1811 | Special election |
| ... | John Taliaferro | DR | VA-8 | December 2, 1811 | Seated after election contest. Previously served (DR) 1801–03 while in the House. Last term until 18th Congress. |
| ... | Francis Carr | DR | MA-17 | April 6, 1812 | Special election. Only term while serving in the House. |
| 143 | Thomas B. Robertson | DR | LA-al | April 30, 1812 | First Representative from new state |
| ... | William Barnett | DR | GA-al | October 5, 1812 | Special election |
| ... | Thomas P. Grosvenor | F | NY-6 | January 29, 1813 | Special election: December 15–17, 1812 |
| ... | William Kennedy | DR | NC-3 | January 30, 1813 | Previously served (DR) 1803-05 while in the House. Special election: January 11, 1813. |
| *Non voting members* | | | | | |
| a | George Poindexter | - | MS-al | March 4, 1807 | Delegate from Mississippi Territory. Last term until Representative in 15th Congress. |
| b | Jonathan Jennings | - | IN-al | November 27, 1809 | Delegate from Indiana Territory |
| c | Edward Hempstead | - | MO-al | November 9, 1812 | Delegate from Missouri Territory |
| d | Shadrack Bond | - | IL-al | December 3, 1812 | Delegate from Illinois Territory |
|

This article incorporates public domain material from the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress

* *United States Congressional Elections 1788-1997*, by Michael J. Dubin (McFarland and Company 1998) ISBN 0-7864-0283-0


title: Phlox drummondii

abstract: Phlox drummondii is a flowering plant in the genus Phlox of the family Polemoniaceae. Native to Texas, it is also widely distributed in the southeastern United States, especially along public highways. P. drummondii is often used as an ornamental plant. The flowers have a wide range of colours "from white and cream through pinks, lilacs, roses, purples and reds, to almost black". Phlox drummondii is named after Scottish botanist Thomas Drummond, who sent it and a variety of other plant samples back to Britain following his 1833–1835 expedition to Texas.

text:
# Phlox drummondii

***Phlox drummondii*** (commonly **annual phlox** or **Drummond's phlox**) is a flowering plant in the genus *Phlox* of the family Polemoniaceae. Native to Texas, it is also widely distributed in the southeastern United States, especially along public highways. *P. drummondii* is often used as an ornamental plant. The flowers have a wide range of colours "from white and cream through pinks, lilacs, roses, purples and reds, to almost black".

*Phlox drummondii* is named after Scottish botanist Thomas Drummond, who sent it and a variety of other plant samples back to Britain following his 1833–1835 expedition to Texas.

## Description

It is an annual, growing from seed each year. The branches have sharp, pointed, lengthy, ciliated leaves with rounded flowers. The flowers are single or double, with lightly scented, flat, star-shaped petals. The flowers mature to 2.5 cm (1 in) in diameter. It tolerates cold weather well, but requires plentiful watering and dislikes drought, wind and heat. The plant attracts hummingbirds and butterflies, which includes its main pollinator responsible for approximately 80% of pollinator visits, Battus philenor*.*

## InfoBox

| *Phlox drummondii* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Ericales |
| Family: | Polemoniaceae |
| Genus: | *Phlox* |
| Species: | ***P. drummondii*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Phlox drummondii***<br>Hook. | |
|


title: Plug-in electric vehicles in Austria

text:
# Plug-in electric vehicles in Austria

As of October 2022, there were 100,000 electric vehicles in Austria, equivalent to 2% of all vehicles in the country. As of 2021, 13.9% of new cars registered in Austria were electric.

As of September 2022, the Tesla Model Y was the best-selling electric car in Austria.

## Government policy

As of October 2022, the Austrian government offers subsidies of up to €5,000 for electric car purchases.

## Charging stations

As of November 2022, there were around 15,000 public charging stations in Austria.

## By state

### Carinthia

As of 2021, 11.8% of new cars registered in Carinthia were electric.

### Lower Austria

As of 2021, there were 20,000 electric vehicles registered in Lower Austria, equivalent to 1.4% of vehicles in the state.

### Salzburg

As of 2021, 17% of new cars registered in Salzburg were electric.

### Vienna

As of 2017, there were 500 public charging stations in Vienna.

### Vorarlberg

As of 2021, 17% of new cars registered in Vorarlberg were electric.


title: Megan Mullins

abstract: Megan Mullins is an American country music singer, songwriter, and multi-instrumentalist. At age 18, she made her debut on the country music scene with the single "Ain't What It Used to Be," a Top 40 hit on the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts. Her debut album was originally slated for release in 2006 but was never released.

text:
# Megan Mullins

**Megan Mullins** (born November 24, 1987) is an American country music singer, songwriter, and multi-instrumentalist. At age 18, she made her debut on the country music scene with the single "Ain't What It Used to Be," a Top 40 hit on the *Billboard* Hot Country Songs charts. Her debut album was originally slated for release in 2006 but was never released.

## Biography

Mullins was born in Fort Wayne, Indiana. She began to learn several instruments at an early age, and by age 3, she had won the Indiana State Fair Showmanship award at the State Fiddle Championship. Many of her family members are also professional musicians, most notably her brother Marcus, with whom she performed on the Grand Ole Opry at age 14.

By 2006, she was signed to Broken Bow Records, an independent record label. Her first single, titled "Ain't What It Used to Be" (also recorded by Billy Currington on his debut album) was issued early that year, reaching a peak of No. 32 on the country music charts. A second single, "Cryin' Days," failed to chart at all, and Mullins announced in October 2007 that she would be returning to the studio for further work on the album.

Although the album has not been released, Mullins remained on Broken Bow's roster. In 2008, Mullins recorded a duet with former Alabama lead singer Randy Owen (who is also signed to Broken Bow), for his solo debut album *One on One*. Mullins also plays fiddle in Owen's road band. In April 2009, she switched to Stoney Creek, a sister label also started by the founder of Broken Bow. Her first release for Stoney Creek, "Long Past Gone", made its chart debut in May 2009, and peaked at No. 48 later in the year. A second single for the label, "Tradin' My Halo for Horns," failed to chart. In August 2010, Mullins and Stoney Creek parted ways.

## Discography

### Singles

| Year | Single | Peak positions | Album |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | US Country | |
| 2006 | "Ain't What It Used to Be" | 32 | *Megan Mullins* (unreleased) |
| 2007 | "Cryin' Days" |  | |
| 2009 | "Long Past Gone" | 48 |  |
| | "Tradin' My Halo for Horns" |  | |
| "—" denotes releases that failed to chart | | | |
|

### Guest singles

| Year | Single | Artist | Album |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2009 | "Holding Everything" | Randy Owen | *One on One* |

### Music videos

| Year | Single | Director |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2006 | "Ain't What It Used to Be" | Kristin Barlowe |
| 2009 | "Long Past Gone" | Curt Aponovich |
|

## InfoBox

| Megan Mullins | |
| --- | --- |
| Mullins performing at the Grand Ole Opry in 2007 | |
| Background information | |
| Born | (1987-11-24) November 24, 1987<br>Fort Wayne, Indiana, U.S. |
| Genres | Country |
| Occupation | Singer-songwriter |
| Instrument(s) | Vocals, fiddle, mandolin, guitar |
| Years active | 2006–present |
| Labels | Broken Bow, Stoney Creek |


title: Valerie Otero

abstract: Valerie K. Otero is an American physics educator known for her work incorporating trained undergraduate learning assistants into university physics education and studying the effects of doing this on the preparation of future physics teachers. She is a professor of physics education research at the University of Colorado Boulder, executive director of the university's Learning Assistant Program, and co-director of its Center for STEM Learning.

text:
# Valerie Otero

**Valerie K. Otero** is an American physics educator known for her work incorporating trained undergraduate learning assistants into university physics education and studying the effects of doing this on the preparation of future physics teachers. She is a professor of physics education research at the University of Colorado Boulder, executive director of the university's Learning Assistant Program, and co-director of its Center for STEM Learning.

## Education and career

Otero grew up in Albuquerque, New Mexico, the daughter of Hispanic grocers without a college education. She majored in physics at the University of New Mexico, graduating in 1991. She earned a master's degree in geophysics from the University of California, San Diego (UCSD) in 1995, and completed her Ph.D. in 2001 in physics education research jointly through UCSD and San Diego State University.

She joined the University of Colorado Boulder as an assistant professor of science education in 2001, was promoted to associate professor in 2008, and promoted to full professor in 2014. She became the co-founder and director of the Colorado Learning Assistant Program in 2003, chair of the Department of Math and Science in the university's School of Education in 2010, executive director of the International Learning Assistant Alliance in 2010, and co-founder and co-director of the Center for STEM Learning in 2013.

## Recognition

Otero was a recipient of the 2019 Excellence in Physics Education Award of the American Physical Society (APS). She was named a Fellow of the American Physical Society in 2021, after a nomination from the APS Forum on Education, "for the creation and broad dissemination of innovative physics curricular materials, pioneering contributions to physics teacher education and professional development, and for the development, implementation, and wide dissemination of the Learning Assistant Model across diverse institutions".

She and her colleague Noah Finkelstein were the joint recipients of the 2023 Svend Pedersen Lecture Award of Stockholm University.


title: List of symphonies by key

abstract: This list of symphonies by key is a list of symphonies sorted by key. For the least often used keys in orchestral music, the symphony listed might be famous only for being in that key.

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# List of symphonies by key

This **list of symphonies by key** is a list of symphonies sorted by key. For the least often used keys in orchestral music, the symphony listed might be famous only for being in that key.

## C major

In the Classical period, C major was the key most often chosen for symphonies with trumpets and timpani. Even in the Romantic period, with its greater use of minor keys and the ability to use trumpets and timpani in any key, C major remained a very popular choice of key for a symphony. The following list includes only the most famous examples.

## C minor

The key of C minor was, like most other minor keys, associated with the literary Sturm und Drang movement during the Classical period. But ever since Ludwig van Beethoven's famous Symphony No. 5, Op. 67, of 1808, C minor imparts a symphony in the key a character of heroic struggle. Early classical symphonies in the key typically ended in C minor but with a picardy third for the very final chord. Following Beethoven's precedent, most C minor symphonies of the Romantic period end in C major. Another option is to end in E-flat major (the relative key), as Mahler does in his Second Symphony.

## C-sharp minor

Even by Mahler's time, symphonies in C-sharp minor were rare. Some of the works listed below might have no claim to fame besides being in this key.

## D-flat major

Symphonies in D-flat major are very rare and one has to look beyond the standard core repertoire to find them.

## D major

Baroque and Classical symphonies in D major typically used horns in D (reading a seventh down) and when they used trumpets, trumpets in D reading a step up. The following list includes only the most famous of the Classical and Romantic periods.

## D minor

Baroque and Classical symphonies in D minor usually used 2 horns in F (whereas for most other minor keys 2 or 4 horns were used, half in the tonic and half in the relative major). Michael Haydn's Symphony No. 29 in D minor is notable for using two trumpets in D (the horns are in F but change to D for the coda of the finale). In the Romantic era, D minor symphonies, like symphonies in almost any other key, used horns in F and trumpets in B-flat.

## E-flat major

## E-flat minor

The two examples of symphonies in E-flat minor that come up most readily are both Sixth Symphonies by Soviet composers.

## E major

In the classical period, symphonies in E major used horns in E but no trumpets.

## E minor

## F major

## F minor

Even in the Sturm und Drang era, F minor was not a frequent choice for a minor key symphony, though Haydn did contribute one.

## F-sharp major

The only notable (completed) symphony written explicitly in F-sharp major is Erich Wolfgang Korngold's Symphony in F-sharp major, Op. 40 of 1950.

Gustav Mahler's unfinished Tenth Symphony is in this key. So is Olivier Messiaen's *Turangalîla-Symphonie*, as several of its movements including the finale are in that key, although it could be excluded on the grounds that it is very far from traditionally tonal.

## F-sharp minor

Though it has just three sharps and its relative major was used somewhat frequently, F-sharp minor was an unusual choice of key in the Classical era.

## G major

In the Baroque and Classical periods, G major was one of the most often used keys. Classical symphonies in G major typically had horns in G, but no trumpets. In the Romantic era, the key was less often used. The following list only includes the most famous works.

## G minor

G minor was a frequent choice for minor key symphonies. In the Classical period, symphonies in G minor almost always used four horns, two in G and two in B-flat alto.

## A-flat major

Although A-flat major was chosen often enough for inner movements of symphonies in other keys (most notably slow movements of C minor symphonies), there are very few symphonies with A-flat major as their main key.

## G-sharp minor

## A major

The following list only includes the most famous A major symphonies.

## A minor

## B-flat major

Haydn's Symphony No. 98 is credited as the first symphony written in B-flat major in which trumpet and timpani parts are included. Actually, his brother Michael Haydn had written one such symphony earlier, No. 36. However, Joseph still gets credit for writing the timpani part at actual pitch with an F major key signature (instead of transposing with a C major key signature), a procedure that made sense since he limited that instrument to the tonic and dominant pitches. Many editions of the work, however, use no key signature and specify the instrument as "Timpani in B-flat - F." (Note that in German, the pitch B-flat is called "B", and B natural is "H", thus the specification for timpani in a B-flat work could be written "Pauken in B. - F.")

## B-flat minor

B-flat minor occurs often enough in the piano repertoire, much less so in the orchestral repertoire. Even allowing little-known works, the list is rather short.

## B major

Haydn's use of B major in his Symphony No. 46 was deemed "extraordinary" for a symphony in the 18th century.

## B minor

B minor is the key of some famous symphonies in the repertoire, as well as a few lesser known ones.


title: Lyon Zoo

abstract: Lyon Zoo is a zoo in France located in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes inside parc de la Tête d'Or in the town of Lyon. The zoo was founded 1858 by Claude-Marius Vaïsse, a French lawyer who joined the administration of the July Monarchy. The zoo presents 300 animals from 66 Species Lyon Zoo is member of EAZA.

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# Lyon Zoo

**Lyon Zoo** (fr. *Zoo de Lyon*, also known as **Jardin zoologique de Lyon,** or **Zoo du Parc de la Tête d'Or**) is a zoo in France located in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes inside parc de la Tête d'Or in the town of Lyon.

The zoo was founded 1858 by Claude-Marius Vaïsse (8 July 1799 – 8 August 1864), a French lawyer who joined the administration of the July Monarchy.

The zoo presents 300 animals from 66 Species

Lyon Zoo is member of EAZA.

## InfoBox

| Lyon Zoo | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| 45°46′39″N 4°51′23″E / 45.77750°N 4.85639°E / 45.77750; 4.85639 | |
| Date opened | 1858 |
| Location | France Lyon, France |
| Land area | 9 ha |
| No. of animals | 300 |
| No. of species | 66 |
| Memberships | EAZA |
| Major exhibits | Asian lion, Giraffes, Gibbons, Amur leopard, Desert Crocodile |
| Website | http://www.zoo.lyon.fr/zoo/sections/fr |


title: FC Bolzano 1996

abstract: F.C. Bolzano 1996 was an Italian association football club located in Bolzano. Its colors were white and red. Founded in 1996, in 2015 it merged with A.C. Virtus Don Bosco, creating a new club called A.C. Virtus Bolzano.

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# FC Bolzano 1996

**F.C. Bolzano 1996** was an Italian association football club located in Bolzano (German: *Bozen*). Its colors were white and red.

Founded in 1996, in 2015 it merged with *A.C. Virtus Don Bosco*, creating a new club called A.C. Virtus Bolzano.

## InfoBox

F.C. Bolzano 1996
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Football Club Bolzano 1996 |
| Nickname(s) |  |
| Founded | 1996 |
| Dissolved | 2015 *(merger with Virtus Don Bosco)* |
| Ground | Stadio Druso,<br>Bolzano, Italy |
| Capacity | 3,600 |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: The Driven

abstract: The Driven were an Irish rock band, possibly best known for their 1996 single Jesus Loves You More If You Can Drive. From 1995 to 1998, the band consisted of Brendan Markham, Darren Mullins, Ned Kennedy (drums) and Paul Power (bass). After 1998, Ned Kennedy was replaced by Christian Best. Three of the members later went on to form a group called Citizen.

text:
# The Driven

**The Driven** were an Irish rock band, possibly best known for their 1996 single *Jesus Loves You More If You Can Drive*. From 1995 to 1998, the band consisted of Brendan Markham (vocals, guitar), Darren Mullins (lead guitar), Ned Kennedy (drums) and Paul Power (bass). After 1998, Ned Kennedy was replaced by Christian Best. Three of the members later went on to form a group called Citizen.

## History

Prior to forming *The Driven* in 1987 (then known as *The Drive*), Brendan had been the driving force behind the town of Rathkeale's first modern rock group, *A Clockwork Orange*. This group had Brendan on vocals, Pat Madigan on drums, Niall Mooney on guitar and Peter O'Connor on bass. After *A Clockwork Orange* split (circa 1985), Brendan left Ireland for Greece and, on his return in 1987, approached Pat Madigan, Ned Kennedy and Noel Brennan with the idea of forming a new rock group. They all accepted and *The Drive* was born.

The newly formed band played their first gig supporting Newcastlewest's *Cloud 9* at the 1987 Rathkeale Soccer Club's annual dinner. The gig was a success and the band's next public performance was in a talent show in Foynes. The Drive won the competition, securing a cheque for £100 as prize money.

The band were then approached by Ollie Hartnett (a local milkman) who expressed an interest in managing the band. This offer was accepted by the members and Ollie set about booking the band's future shows. One of these included entering the band in the 1988 Heineken *Search for a Star* competition which was held during the Rose of Tralee festival. The Drive won and with it were presented with £1000.

After a while Ollie and the band parted company but the band went on to come third in the Hot Press band of 1989 competition held at Sir Henry's in Cork City. The Drive secured a summer residency in Kiely's bar, Ballybunion.

The band recorded their first demo at Limerick's Xeric studios by Pearse Gilmore, who later went on to help The Cranberries secure their first recording contract. Over the next few years the band changed lineup and recorded demo tracks at Xeric studios but attracted little other than local interest.

Circa 1989-90 Brendan and "The Drive" travelled to Elephant and Castle in South London under the management of Niall Mooney where they played a series of Gigs. On discovering there was already a UK based Band called The Drive Niall added the "N" to the name to create the first official version of The Driven. The first gig with the new name was in a pub in The Elephant and Castle where they were told they could play after the last booked Band had finished if they were quick. After the main Band had completed their set the lights went on. The Driven hurriedly set up on stage with the help of the sound Engineer a young man by the name of Graham Spink an ex member of the cult band Medium Medium (Hungry so Angry)and sound man for Al Jourgensen's industrial metal band "Ministry", and started their set while the audience were in the process of leaving the venue. The first song was "Attitude". The impact of this powerful song and Brendans energy stopped the audience in their tracks and they started to return to watch this unknown band play their set. One of the members of the audience who remembered their name was an unknown Band Manager by the name of Rick Lennox later to manage Daisy Chainsaw and as an A&R manager to sign "Skunk Anansie" to One Little Indian. After this final gig the Driven disappeared back to County Limerick.

In 1992 Brendan returned to London on his own and formed a Band in The Elephant and Castle using local musicians, some of whom proved to be unreliable and gigs were missed. In another part of South London guitarist/singer Tim Artingstall who was writing and recording music with Noel Murphy and Graham Spimk under the name "The Red Priests" had started an acoustic music venue called "The Set" in Bar Flies a bar on Streatham High Road. Graham introduced Brendan to Tim and after a floor spot at the club, Tim so intrigued by the originality and energy of Brendan performance went to the Half Moon in Herne Hill expecting to see Brendan's Band. However, due to non attendance by the drummer Brendan played the gig solo. After the show a conversation ensued and Tim agreed to manage him and invited Brendan to support Eddie Tenpole of Tenpole Tudor the following month. Solo demos were immediately recorded at Tims small 16track home studio and Graham Spink agreed to help with the engineering. At this time Brendan and Tim formed an electric/acoustic duo and played various gigs under the name of "The Driven" getting a great response from audiences around London. Soon after Brendan returned to Ireland. Once again returning to London at Tims request to record demos with Guitarist Pimm Jones and former member of Hipsway, Witness, The Pleasurelords, Sponge and later Big Yoga Muffin, drummer Nick Jones later to sign to Creation with Heavey Stereo and currently with "The Jim Jones Revue" and Tim Artingstall playing bass guitar. The sessions produced a powerful demo but a band was never formed and Brendan returned again to Ireland shortly afterwards.

In 1994 Brendan had started playing with Darren Mullins (Guitar) and Paul Power (Guitar and Bass) and in a phone call to London Brendan invited Tim Artingstall to Rathkeale in County Limerick to get a taste of the new songs and witness the birth of the new line up.

The band re-formed as *Rubbergutt* in Rathkeale, Co. Limerick in 1995 with Brendan Markham (vocals, guitar), Ned Kennedy (drums), Darren Mullins (guitar, vocals) and Paul Power (bass, vocals). The group found themselves inspired by the Nirvana MTV acoustic session and set about recording the now legendary *Rubbergutt - A Day in the Life* demo at a small studio at Knapps Quay, Cork.

The band received very positive reaction to the Rubbergutt recordings including a Hot Press demo review that awarded the recording the accolade of one of the year's best demos. After sending a demo of the songs to Tim in London due to musical friction the band split in late 1995. Meanwhile, in London Tim Artingstall had made contact with Pete and Niki of DeMac Ltd via long time friend and music publicist Rolan Hyams. On chatting with Pete McCarthy Tim discovered he was from the same town in Ireland as Brendan. Ignoring Brendan's inspired name change Tim told Pete about a band from Rathkeale called The Driven and a meeting was set up to listen to the demo's. The couple had recently started an A&R consultancy and ironically were talking with Rick Lennox who was now working for Polydor records as an A&R manager recently appointed to the task of building their Indie roster. Brendan received an excited phone call from Tim in London explaining the interest and Darrin and Brendan dropped everything and jumped the first ferry to England.

They arrived at Tim Artingstall's flat on Streatham Common, South London and meetings were set up with DeMac Ltd. The two were introduced to Polydor by DeMac and an agreement was made for DeMac to take over management of the band. The band now had new well placed management and it seemed they were all set to go.

The band reformed in London as *The Driven* with Paul Power being replaced by Noel Brennan but within months Paul returned to the fold and Noel left. The band were offered demo time by Polydor and Graham Spink and Tim Artingstall were asked to produce the demo. Soon after a recording contract was offered by Polydor and the band signed a management contract with Pete and Nikki of DeMac Ltd, who had played the original demo to Lucian Grange and Rick Lennox. The Rubbergutt demo became known as *The Cork Session* and was widely regarded as being a recording that showed the band had great potential and that Brendan was a songwriter with unique talent.

The band spent 1996 and 1997 touring all over the UK and Europe supporting Skunk Anansie, Stereophonics, The Levellers and Kula Shaker amongst others whilst promoting their eponymously titled debut album. The album was recorded at Westside Studios, Holland Park, London and was produced by John Kelly. The album was released in France and other European countries but never made the record stores in either Ireland or the UK.

The French Connection proved to be a good one and the band's album sold out with in a few days, amongst other appearances, RTL the Paris radio station asked The Driven to support Texas on a live broadcast from their Studios in Paris.

In 1998 the band's recording contract was terminated by Polydor and the band split. Brendan, Paul and Darrin remained in Ireland and re-formed over the next few years in various guises. At this point, Ned Kennedy relocated to London and is now a forensic scientist.

Brendan Markham went on to sign with Sony Europe as solo act with new Manager Henry Padovani. He toured extensively in Europe with great acts including Sting and released one album.

Tim Artingstall formed The Label 23 Records and went on to manage various other bands including: 100 Moments (Gale Paridjanian later of Turin Brakes), Stash including Zac Ware (now with The Proclaimers), Isobel Morris (Bruise) and The Land Speed Loungers. Left music in 2001 to start "Art Construction" a successful London Based Construction company.

In 2010, Darrin and Paul formed *Pavlov's Dogs* and released their debut album in 2011.

## Discography

* *The Driven* (Album) Polydor 539271-2
* *Secret Police* (CD single) Polydor 571351-2
* *Secret Police* (7" vinyl) Polydor 571350-7
* *Seubles And Mushes* (CD single) Polydor 577683-2
* *Seubles And Mushes* (10" vinyl) Polydor 577683-0
* *Jesus Loves You More If You Can Drive* (CD single) Polydor 5752252
* *Jesus Loves You More If You Can Drive* (7" vinyl) Polydor 5752247

## Chart positions

* "Jesus Loves You More if You Can Drive" (UK No. 194)
* "Monkey in a Cage" (UK No. 162)
* "Secret Police" (UK No. 179)

1. Citizen Gig Review. CLUAS. Accessed 18 November 2007.
2. Chart Log UK. Accessed 19 November 2007.