abstract: This is a complete list of members of the United States House of Representatives during the 13th United States Congress listed by seniority. For the most part, representatives are ranked by the beginning of their terms in office. As an historical article, the districts and party affiliations listed reflect those during the 13th Congress. Seats and party affiliations on similar lists for other Congresses will be different for certain members. This article describes the criteria for seniority in the House of Representatives and sets out the list of members by seniority. It is prepared on the basis of the interpretation of seniority applied to the House of Representatives in the current congress. In the absence of information to the contrary, it is presumed that the twenty-first-century practice is identical to the seniority customs used during the 13th Congress.

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# List of members of the United States House of Representatives in the 13th Congress by seniority

This is a **complete list of members of the United States House of Representatives during the 13th United States Congress** listed by seniority. For the most part, representatives are ranked by the beginning of their terms in office.

As an historical article, the districts and party affiliations listed reflect those during the 13th Congress (March 4, 1813 – March 3, 1815). Seats and party affiliations on similar lists for other Congresses will be different for certain members.

This article describes the criteria for seniority in the House of Representatives and sets out the list of members by seniority. It is prepared on the basis of the interpretation of seniority applied to the House of Representatives in the current congress. In the absence of information to the contrary, it is presumed that the twenty-first-century practice is identical to the seniority customs used during the 13th Congress.

## House seniority

Seniority in the House, for Congressmen with unbroken service, depends on the date on which the members first term began. That date is either the start of the Congress (4 March in odd numbered years, for the era up to and including the 73rd Congress starting in 1933) or the date of a special election during the Congress. Since many members start serving on the same day as others, ranking between them is based on alphabetical order by the last name of the congressman.

Congressmen, in early Congresses, were often elected after the legal start of the Congress. Such representatives are attributed with unbroken seniority, from the legal start of the congressional term, if they were the first person elected to a seat in a Congress. The date of the election is indicated in a note.

The seniority date is normally taken from the members entry in the *Biographical Directory of the United States Congress*, except where the date given is the legal start of the Congress and the actual election (for someone who was not the first person elected to the seat in that Congress) was later. The date of election is taken from *United States Congressional Elections 1788–1997*. In a few instances the latter work provides dates, for the start and end of terms, which correct those in the Biographical Directory.

The Biographical Directory normally uses the date of a special election, as the seniority date. However, mostly in early Congresses, the date of the member taking his seat can be the one given. The date of the special election is mentioned in a note to the list below, when that date is not used as the seniority date by the Biographical Directory.

Representatives who returned to the House, after having previously served, are credited with service equal to one less than the total number of terms they served. When a representative has served a prior term of less than two terms (i.e. prior term minus one equals less than one), he is ranked above all others whose service begins on the same day.

## Leadership

In this Congress the only formal leader was the Speaker of the House. A Speakership ballot was held on May 24, 1813, and Henry Clay (DR-KY) was re-elected for a second consecutive term.

| Candidate | Ballot |
| --- | --- |
| Henry Clay (DR-KY) | 89 |
| Timothy Pitkin (F-CT) | 54 |
| scattering | 5 |
|

Speaker Clay resigned on January 19, 1814. On the same day the House held a ballot, which resulted in the election of Langdon Cheves (DR-SC) as the new Speaker.

| Candidate | Ballot |
| --- | --- |
| Langdon Cheves (DR-SC) | 94 |
| Felix Grundy (DR-TN) | 59 |
| scattering | 12 |
|

The title Dean of the House (sometimes known, in the nineteenth century, as Father of the House) was held by the member with the longest continuous service. It was not a leadership position.

## Standing committees

The House created its first standing committee, on April 13, 1789. There were nine standing committees, listed in the rules initially used by the 13th Congress. Three additional committees were added during the Congress.

Committees, in this period, were appointed for a session at a time by the Speaker.

This list refers to the standing committees of the House in the 13th Congress, the year of establishment as a standing committee, the number of members assigned to the committee and the dates of appointment in each session, the end of the session and its chairman. Chairmen, who were re-appointed after serving in the previous Congress, are indicated by an \*.

The first session was May 24, 1813 – August 2, 1813 (71 days), the second session was December 6, 1813 – April 8, 1814 (134 days) and the third session was September 19, 1814 – March 3, 1815 (166 days).

| No. | Committee | From | Mbrs | Appointed | Chairman |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Accounts | 1805 | 3 | May 26, 1813 – August 2, 1813 | Israel Pickens (DR-NC) |
| | | | | December 7, 1813 – April 8, 1814 | Nicholas R. Moore (DR-MD) |
| | | | | September 21, 1814 – March 3, 1815 | John Kershaw (DR-SC) |
| 2 | Claims | 1794 | 7 | May 26, 1813 – August 2, 1813 | Stevenson Archer (DR-MD) |
| | | | | December 7, 1813 – April 8, 1814 | |
| | | | | September 21, 1814 – March 3, 1815 | Bartlett Yancey (DR-NC) |
| 3 | Commerce and Manufactures | 1795 | 7 | May 26, 1813 – August 2, 1813 | \*Thomas Newton, Jr. (DR-VA) |
| | | | | December 7, 1813 – April 8, 1814 | |
| | | | | September 21, 1814 – March 3, 1815 | |
| 4 | District of Columbia | 1808 | 7 | May 26, 1813 – August 2, 1813 | John Dawson (DR-VA) |
| | | | | December 7, 1813 – April 8, 1814 | Joseph Kent (DR-MD) |
| | | | | September 21, 1814 – March 3, 1815 |
| 5 | Elections | 1789 | 7 | May 26, 1813 – August 2, 1813 | James Fisk (DR-VT) |
| | | | | December 9, 1813 – April 8, 1814 | |
| | | | | September 21, 1814 – March 3, 1815 | |
| 6 | Judiciary | 1813 | 7 | December 7, 1813 – April 8, 1814 | Charles J. Ingersoll (DR-PA) |
| | | | | September 21, 1814 – March 3, 1815 | |
| 7 | Pensions and Revolutionary Claims | 1813 | 7 | 23 December 1813 – April 8, 1814 | Samuel D. Ingham (DR-PA) |
| | | | | September 21, 1814 – March 3, 1815 | John J. Chappell (DR-SC) |
| 8 | Post Office and Post Roads | 1808 | 7 | May 26, 1813 – August 2, 1813 | \*John Rhea (DR-TN) |
| | | | | December 7, 1813 – April 8, 1814 | |
| | | | | September 21, 1814 – March 3, 1815 | |
| 9 | Public Expenditures | 1814 | 7 | 26 February 1814 – April 8, 1814 | James Pleasants (DR-VA) |
| | | | | September 21, 1814 – March 3, 1815 | Nathaniel Macon (DR-NC) |
| 10 | Public Lands | 1805 | 7 | May 26, 1813 – August 2, 1813 | Samuel McKee (DR-KY) |
| | | | | December 7, 1813 – April 8, 1814 | |
| | | | | September 21, 1814 – March 3, 1815 | |
| 11 | Revisal and Unfinished Business | 1795 | 3 | May 26, 1813 – August 2, 1813 | Willis Alston (DR-NC) |
| | | | | December 7, 1813 – April 8, 1814 | Lewis Condict (DR-NJ) |
| | | | | September 21, 1814 – March 3, 1815 | Richard Stanford (DR-NC) |
| 12 | Ways and Means | 1802 | 7 | May 26, 1813 – August 2, 1813 | John W. Eppes (DR-VA) |
| | | | | December 7, 1813 – April 8, 1814 | |
| | | | | September 21, 1814 – March 3, 1815 | |
|

## List of representatives by seniority

A numerical rank is assigned to each of the 182 members initially elected to the 13th Congress. Other members, who were not the first person elected to a seat but who joined the House during the Congress, are not assigned a number.

Seven Representatives-elect were not sworn in, as five died and two resigned. The list below includes the Representatives-elect (with name in italics), with the seniority they would have held if sworn in.

Party designations used in this article are DR for Democratic-Republican members and F for Federalist representatives. Designations used for service in the first three congresses are (A) for Anti-Administration members and (P) for Pro-Administration representatives.

U.S. House seniority
| Rank | Representative | Party | District | Seniority date | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *Twelve consecutive terms* | | | | | |
| 1 | Nathaniel Macon | DR | NC-6 | March 4, 1791 | (A) 1791–95. Elected to this Congress: May 1, 1813. Dean of the House. Chairman: Public Expenditures (1814–15). |
| *Ten non-consecutive terms* | | | | | |
| 2 | William Findley | DR | PA-11 | March 4, 1803 | Previously served (A) 1791–95 and (DR) 1795–99 while as a member of the House. |
| *Nine consecutive terms* | | | | | |
| 3 | John Dawson | DR | VA-11 | March 4, 1797 | Elected to this Congress: April 1813. Chairman: District of Columbia (1813). Died on March 31, 1814, while still serving as a member of the House. |
| 4 | Richard Stanford | DR | NC-8 | | Elected to this Congress: May 1, 1813. Chairman: Revisal and Unfinished Business (1814–15). |
| 5 | Robert Brown | DR | PA-6 | December 4, 1798 | Last term while serving as a member of the House. |
| *Nine non-consecutive terms* | | | | | |
| 6 | John Clopton | DR | VA-23 | March 4, 1801 | Previously served (DR) 1795–99 while as a member of the House. Elected to this Congress: April 1813. |
| 7 | *John Smilie* | DR | PA-13 | March 4, 1799 | Previously served (A) 1793–95 while as a member of the House. Died as Representative-elect: December 30, 1812. |
| *Eight consecutive terms* | | | | | |
| 8 | Willis Alston | DR | NC-2 | March 4, 1799 | Elected to this Congress: May 1, 1813. Chairman: Revisal and Unfinished Business (1813). Last term while as a member of the House until 19th Congress. |
| 9 | John Davenport | F | CT-al | |
| *Eight non-consecutive terms* | | | | | |
| 10 | David Bard | DR | PA-9 | March 4, 1803 | Previously served (DR) 1795–99 while as a member of the House. |
| *Seven consecutive terms* | | | | | |
| 11 | Thomas Newton, Jr. | DR | VA-21 | March 4, 1801 | Elected to this Congress: April 1813. Chairman: Commerce and Manufactures. |
| 12 | John Smith | DR | VA-3 | | Elected to this Congress: April 1813. Last term while serving as a member of the House. |
| 13 | Benjamin Tallmadge | F | CT-al | September 21, 1801 |  |
| *Six consecutive terms* | | | | | |
| 14 | Peterson Goodwyn | DR | VA-19 | March 4, 1803 | Elected to this Congress: April 1813 |
| 15 | Joseph Lewis, Jr. | F | VA-8 | | |
| 16 | John Rhea | DR | TN-1 | | Elected to this Congress: April 1–2, 1813. Chairman: Post Office and Post Roads. Last term while serving as a member of the House until 15th Congress. |
| 17 | Samuel Taggart | F | MA-6 | |  |
| *Five consecutive terms* | | | | | |
| 18 | William Ely | F | MA-5 | March 4, 1805 | Last term while serving as a member of the House until 15th Congress. |
| 19 | Charles Goldsborough | F | MD-8 | |  |
| 20 | Jonathan O. Moseley | F | CT-al | |
| 21 | Timothy Pitkin | F | CT-al | | September 16, 1805 |
| 22 | Lewis B. Sturges | F | CT-al | |
| 23 | *Robert Whitehill* | DR | PA-5 | November 7, 1805 | Died as Representative-elect: April 8, 1813 |
| 24 | William A. Burwell | DR | VA-14 | December 1, 1806 | Elected to this Congress: April 1813 |
| 25 | William W. Bibb | DR | GA-al | January 26, 1807 | Resigned, to become US Senator: November 6, 1813 |
| *Five non-consecutive terms* | | | | | |
| 26 | John W. Eppes | DR | VA-16 | March 4, 1813 | Previously served (DR) 1803–11 while as a member of the House. Elected to this Congress: April 1813. Chairman: Ways and Means. Last term while serving as a member of the House. |
| 27 | Nicholas R. Moore | DR | MD-5 | | Previously served (DR) 1803–11. Chairman: Accounts (1813–14). Last term while serving as a member of the House (elected to 14th Congress but did not serve). |
| 28 | John G. Jackson | DR | VA-1 | | Previously served (DR) 1803 – September 28, 1810, while as a member of the House. Elected to this Congress: April 1813. |
| *Four consecutive terms* | | | | | |
| 29 | Epaphroditus Champion | F | CT-al | March 4, 1807 |  |
| 30 | Joseph Desha | DR | KY-4 | | |
| 31 | Meshack Franklin | DR | NC-13 | | Last term while serving as a member of the House |
| 32 | Richard M. Johnson | DR | KY-3 | |  |
| 33 | George M. Troup | DR | GA-al | | Last term while serving as a member of the House. |
| 34 | Thomas Gholson, Jr. | DR | VA-18 | November 7, 1808 | Elected to this Congress: April 1813 |
| 35 | Richard Jackson, Jr. | F | RI-al | November 11, 1808 | Last term while serving as a member of the House. |
| *Four non-consecutive terms* | | | | | |
| 36 | James Fisk | DR | VT-al | March 4, 1811 | Previously served (DR) 1805–09 while as a member of the House. Chairman: Elections. Last term while serving as a member of the House. |
| 37 | Elisha R. Potter | F | RI-al | March 4, 1809 | Previously served (F) November 15, 1796–97. Last term while serving as a member of the House. |
| *Three consecutive terms* | | | | | |
| 38 | William Anderson | DR | PA-1 | March 4, 1809 | Last term while serving as a member of the House until 15th Congress |
| 39 | James Breckinridge | F | VA-5 | | Elected to this Congress: April 1813 |
| 40 | William Crawford | DR | PA-5 | |  |
| 41 | Jacob Hufty | F | NJ-3 | | (DR) 1809–13. Died on May 20, 1814, while still serving as a member of the House. |
| 42 | Aaron Lyle | DR | PA-12 | |  |
| 43 | Samuel McKee | DR | KY-7 | | Chairman: Public Lands |
| 44 | Alexander McKim | DR | MD-5 | | Last term while serving as a member of the House. |
| 45 | Joseph Pearson | F | NC-10 | | Elected to this Congress: May 1, 1813. Last term while serving as a member of the House. |
| 46 | John Roane | DR | VA-12 | | Elected to this Congress: April 1813. Last term while serving as a member of the House until 20th Congress. |
| 47 | Ebenezer Sage | DR | NY-1 | | Last term while serving as a member of the House (as did not qualify in 16th Congress) |
| 48 | Daniel Sheffey | F | VA-6 | | Elected to this Congress: April 1813 |
| 49 | Laban Wheaton | F | MA-9 | |  |
| 50 | Adam Seybert | DR | PA-1 | October 10, 1809 | Last term while serving as a member of the House until 15th Congress |
| 51 | Abijah Bigelow | F | MA-11 | October 8, 1810 | Last term while serving as a member of the House. |
| 52 | Samuel Ringgold | DR | MD-4 | October 15, 1810 | Last term while serving as a member of the House until 15th Congress |
| 53 | Robert Wright | DR | MD-7 | November 29, 1810 |  |
| 54 | Langdon Cheves | DR | SC-1 | December 31, 1810 | Speaker of the House (1814–15). Last term while serving as a member of the House. |
| *Three non-consecutive terms* | | | | | |
| 55 | Egbert Benson | F | NY-2 | March 4, 1813 | Previously served (P) 1789-93 while serving as a member of the House. Resigned while still serving as a member of the House: August 2, 1813. |
| 56 | James Schureman | F | NJ-2 | | Previously served (P) 1789-91 and (F) 1797–99 while as a member of the House. Last term while still serving as a member of the House. |
| 57 | John Sevier | DR | TN-2 | March 4, 1811 | Previously served (NC-P) June 16, 1790–91 while as a member of the House. Elected to this Congress: April 1–2, 1813. |
| 58 | Elias Earle | DR | SC-7 | | Previously served September 27, 1806–07. Last term while serving as a member of the House until 15th Congress. |
| 59 | John Culpepper | F | NC-7 | March 4, 1813 | Previously served (F) 1807 – January 2, 1808, and February 23, 1808–09 while as a member of the House. Elected to this Congress: May 1, 1813. |
| *Two consecutive terms* | | | | | |
| 60 | Daniel Avery | DR | NY-20 | March 4, 1811 | Last term while serving as a member of the House until seated in 14th Congress |
| 61 | Elijah Brigham | F | MA-10 | |  |
| 62 | John C. Calhoun | DR | SC-6 | |
| 63 | Henry Clay | DR | KY-2 | | Speaker of the House (1813–14). Resigned while still serving as a member of the House: January 19, 1814. Last term while serving as a member of the House until 14th Congress. |
| 64 | Lewis Condict | DR | NJ-1 | | Chairman: Revisal and Unfinished Business (1813–14) |
| 65 | Roger Davis | DR | PA-2 | | Last term while serving as a member of the House. |
| 66 | Felix Grundy | DR | TN-5 | | Elected to this Congress: April 1–2, 1813. Resigned while serving as a member of the House: July 1814. |
| 67 | Bolling Hall | DR | GA-al | |  |
| 68 | Aylett Hawes | DR | VA-10 | | Elected to this Congress: April 1813 |
| 69 | John M. Hyneman | DR | PA-7 | | Resigned while serving as a member of the House: August 2, 1813 |
| 70 | Joseph Kent | DR | MD-2 | | Chairman: District of Columbia (1813–15). Last term while serving as a member of the House until 16th Congress. |
| 71 | William R. King | DR | NC-5 | |  |
| 72 | *Abner Lacock* | DR | PA-15 | | Resigned, as Representative-elect: March 3, 1813, to become US Senator. |
| 73 | Lyman Law | F | CT-al | |  |
| 74 | William Lowndes | DR | SC-2 | |
| 75 | William McCoy | DR | VA-4 | | Elected to this Congress: April 1813 |
| 76 | Hugh Nelson | DR | VA-22 | |
| 77 | Israel Pickens | DR | NC-12 | | Elected to this Congress: May 1, 1813. Chairman: Accounts (1813). |
| 78 | William Piper | DR | PA-8 | |  |
| 79 | James Pleasants | DR | VA-17 | | Elected to this Congress: April 1813. Chairman: Public Expenditures (1814). |
| 80 | William Reed | F | MA-2 | | Last term while serving as a member of the House. |
| 81 | Henry M. Ridgely | F | DE-al | |
| 82 | Jonathan Roberts | DR | PA-2 | | Resigned to become US Senator: February 24, 1814 |
| 83 | William Strong | DR | VT-al | | Last term while serving as a member of the House until 16th Congress |
| 84 | Philip Stuart | F | MD-1 | |  |
| 85 | Stevenson Archer | DR | MD-6 | October 26, 1811 | Chairman: Claims (1813–14) |
| 86 | William M. Richardson | DR | MA-4 | November 4, 1811 | Resigned while serving as a member of the House: April 18, 1814 |
| 87 | Thomas B. Robertson | DR | LA-al | April 30, 1812 |  |
| 88 | John P. Hungerford | DR | VA-9 | March 4, 1813 | Previously served (DR) March 4 – November 29, 1811, while as a member of the House. Elected to this Congress: April 1813. |
| 89 | William Barnett | DR | GA-al | October 5, 1812 | Last term while serving as a member of the House. |
| 90 | Thomas P. Grosvenor | F | NY-5 | January 29, 1813 |  |
| 91 | William Kennedy | DR | NC-3 | January 30, 1813 | Previously served (DR) 1803–05 while as a member of the House. Elected to this Congress: May 1, 1813. Last term while serving as a member of the House. |
| *Two non-consecutive terms* | | | | | |
| 92 | Jonathan Fisk | DR | NY-6 | March 4, 1813 | Previously served (DR) 1809–11 while as a member of the House. |
| 93 | William Hale | F | NH-al | | Previously served (F) 1809–11 while as a member of the House. |
| 94 | William Baylies | F | MA-7 | | Previously served (F) March 4 – June 28, 1809, while as a member of the House. |
| *One term* | | | | | |
| 95 | John Alexander | DR | OH-2 | March 4, 1813 |  |
| 96 | Thomas M. Bayly | F | VA-13 | | Elected to this Congress: April 1813. Only term while serving as a member of the House. |
| 97 | John H. Bowen | DR | TN-4 | | Elected to this Congress: April 1–2, 1813. Only term while serving as a member of the House. |
| 98 | Alexander Boyd | F | NY-13 | | Only term while serving as a member of the House. |
| 99 | George Bradbury | F | MA-15 | |  |
| 100 | William C. Bradley | DR | VT-al | | Only term while serving as a member of the House until 18th Congress |
| 101 | Ezra Butler | DR | VT-al | | Only term while serving as a member of the House. |
| 102 | James Caldwell | DR | OH-4 | |  |
| 103 | Hugh Caperton | F | VA-7 | | Elected to this Congress: April 1813. Only term while serving as a member of the House. |
| 104 | John J. Chappell | DR | SC-4 | | Chairman: Pensions and Revolutionary Claims (1814–15) |
| 105 | Bradbury Cilley | F | NH-al | |  |
| 106 | James Clark | DR | KY-1 | |
| 107 | Oliver C. Comstock | DR | NY-20 | |
| 108 | John Conard | DR | PA-1 | | Only term while serving as a member of the House. |
| 109 | Thomas Cooper | F | DE-al | |  |
| 110 | William Coxe, Jr. | F | NJ-3 | | Only term while serving as a member of the House. |
| 111 | Samuel Davis | F | MA-16 | |
| 112 | Peter Denoyelles | DR | NY-3 | |
| 113 | Daniel Dewey | F | MA-12 | | Resigned while still serving as a member of the House: February 24, 1814 |
| 114 | *William Dowse* | F | NY-15 | | Died, as Representative-elect: February 18, 1813 |
| 115 | William P. Duval | DR | KY-10 | | Only term while serving as a member of the House. |
| 116 | *John S. Edwards* | F | OH-6 | | Died, as Representative-elect: February 22, 1813 |
| 117 | David R. Evans | DR | SC-5 | | Only term while serving as a member of the House. |
| 118 | Samuel Farrow | DR | SC-8 | |
| 119 | Peter Forney | DR | NC-11 | | Elected to this Congress: May 1, 1813. Only term while serving as a member of the House. |
| 120 | John Forsyth | DR | GA-al | |  |
| 121 | William Gaston | F | NC-4 | | Elected to this Congress: May 1, 1813 |
| 122 | James Geddes | F | NY-19 | | Only term while serving as a member of the House. |
| 123 | Hugh Glasgow | DR | PA-4 | |  |
| 124 | John Gloninger | F | PA-3 | | Resigned while still serving as a member of the House: August 2, 1813 |
| 125 | Theodore Gourdin | DR | SC-3 | | Only term while serving as a member of the House. |
| 126 | Alexander C. Hanson | F | MD-3 | |  |
| 127 | Thomas K. Harris | DR | TN-3 | | Elected to this Congress: April 1–2, 1813. Only term while serving as a member of the House. |
| 128 | Abraham J. Hasbrouck | DR | NY-7 | | Only term while serving as a member of the House. |
| 129 | Samuel Hopkins | DR | KY-5 | |
| 130 | Samuel M. Hopkins | F | NY-21 | |
| 131 | Nathaniel W. Howell | F | NY-21 | |
| 132 | Levi Hubbard | DR | MA-20 | |
| 133 | Parry W. Humphreys | DR | TN-6 | | Elected to this Congress: April 1–2, 1813. Only term while serving as a member of the House. |
| 134 | Charles J. Ingersoll | DR | PA-1 | | Chairman: Judiciary. Only term while serving as a member of the House until 27th Congress. |
| 135 | Samuel D. Ingham | DR | PA-6 | | Chairman: Pensions and Revolutionary Claims (1813–14) |
| 136 | Jared Irwin | DR | PA-10 | |  |
| 137 | James Johnson | DR | VA-20 | | Elected to this Congress: April 1813 |
| 138 | Moss Kent | F | NY-18 | |  |
| 139 | John Kerr | DR | VA-15 | | Elected to this Congress: April 1813. Only term while serving as a member of the House until 14th Congress. |
| 140 | John Kershaw | DR | SC-9 | | Only term while serving as a member of the House. |
| 141 | James Kilbourne | DR | OH-5 | |  |
| 142 | Cyrus King | F | MA-14 | |
| 143 | John Lefferts | DR | NY-1 | | Only term while serving as a member of the House. |
| 144 | John Lovett | F | NY-9 | |  |
| 145 | Jacob Markell | F | NY-14 | | Only term while serving as a member of the House. |
| 146 | *Duncan McArthur* | DR | OH-3 | | Resigned, as Representative-elect: April 5, 1813. Only term until 18th Congress. |
| 147 | John McLean | DR | OH-1 | |  |
| 148 | Morris S. Miller | F | NY-16 | | Only term while serving as a member of the House. |
| 149 | Hosea Moffitt | F | NY-10 | |  |
| 150 | Thomas Montgomery | DR | KY-9 | | Only term while serving as a member of the House until 16th Congress |
| 151 | William H. Murfree | DR | NC-1 | | Elected to this Congress: May 1, 1813 |
| 152 | Thomas J. Oakley | F | NY-4 | | Only term while serving as a member of the House until 20th Congress |
| 153 | James Parker | DR | MA-19 | | Only term while serving as a member of the House until 16th Congress |
| 154 | Timothy Pickering | F | MA-3 | |  |
| 155 | Jotham Post, Jr. | F | NY-2 | | Only term while serving as a member of the House |
| 156 | John Reed, Jr. | F | MA-8 | |  |
| 157 | Charles Rich | DR | VT-al | | Only term while serving as a member of the House until 15th Congress |
| 158 | Nathaniel Ruggles | F | MA-13 | |  |
| 159 | Solomon P. Sharp | DR | KY-6 | |
| 160 | Samuel Sherwood | F | NY-8 | | Only term while serving as a member of the House |
| 161 | Zebulon R. Shipherd | F | NY-12 | |
| 162 | *John Simpson* | DR | KY-8 | | Died, as Representative-elect: January 22, 1813 |
| 163 | Richard Skinner | DR | VT-al | | Only term while still serving in the House. |
| 164 | Isaac Smith | DR | PA-10 | |
| 165 | Samuel Smith | F | NH-al | |
| 166 | William S. Smith | F | NY-17 | | Only term while serving as a member of the House (elected to 14th Congress but did not qualify) |
| 167 | Richard Stockton | F | NJ-2 | | Only term while serving as a member of the House. |
| 168 | Adamson Tannehill | DR | PA-14 | |
| 169 | John W. Taylor | DR | NY-11 | |  |
| 170 | Thomas Telfair | DR | GA-al | |
| 171 | Joel Thompson | F | NY-15 | | Only term while serving as a member of the House |
| 172 | Roger Vose | F | NH-al | |  |
| 173 | Artemas Ward, Jr. | F | MA-1 | |
| 174 | Thomas Ward | DR | NJ-1 | |
| 175 | Daniel Webster | F | NH-al | |
| 176 | Francis White | F | VA-2 | | Elected to this Congress: April 1813. Only term while serving as a member of the House. |
| 177 | James Whitehill | DR | PA-3 | | Resigned while still serving as a member of the House: September 1, 1814 |
| 178 | Jeduthun Wilcox | F | NH-al | |  |
| 179 | John Wilson | F | MA-18 | | Only term while serving as a member of the House until 15th Congress |
| 180 | Elisha I. Winter | F | NY-12 | | Only term while serving as a member of the House |
| 181 | Abiel Wood | DR | MA-17 | |
| 182 | Bartlett Yancey | DR | NC-9 | | Elected to this Congress: May 1, 1813. Chairman: Claims (1814–15). |
| *Members joining the House, after the start of the Congress* | | | | | |
| ... | Reasin Beall | DR | OH-6 | April 20, 1813 | Special election. Resigned: June 7, 1814. |
| ... | Stephen Ormsby | DR | KY-8 | | Previously served (DR) 1811–13. Special election: April 29, 1813. |
| ... | William Creighton, Jr. | DR | OH-3 | May 4, 1813 | Special election: May 10, 1813 |
| ... | Thomas Wilson | DR | PA-15 | | Special election |
| ... | John Rea | DR | PA-5 | May 11, 1813 | Previously served (DR) 1803–11 while as a member of the House. Special election. Last term while serving as a member of the House. |
| ... | Isaac Griffin | DR | PA-13 | May 24, 1813 | Special election: February 16, 1813 |
| ... | John M. Bowers | F | NY-15 | May 26, 1813 | Special election: April 27–29, 1813. Unseated after election contest: December 20, 1813. |
| ... | Edward Crouch | DR | PA-3 | October 12, 1813 | Special election. Only term. |
| ... | Daniel Udree | DR | PA-7 | | Special election. Only term until 16th Congress. |
| ... | Alfred Cuthbert | DR | GA-al | December 13, 1813 | Special election |
| ... | Isaac Williams, Jr. | DR | NY-15 | December 20, 1813 | Seated after election contest. Only term while as a member of the House until 15th Congress. |
| ... | William Irving | DR | NY-2 | January 22, 1814 | Special election: December 28–30, 1813 |
| ... | Joseph H. Hawkins | DR | KY-2 | March 29, 1814 | Special election: February 28, 1814. Only term while serving as a member of the House. |
| ... | Newton Cannon | DR | TN-5 | September 16, 1814 | Special election: September 15–16, 1814 |
| ... | Samuel Dana | DR | MA-4 | September 22, 1814 | Special election: May 23, 1814. Only term while serving as a member of the House. |
| ... | Philip P. Barbour | DR | VA-11 | September 19, 1814 | Special election: June 1814 |
| ... | John W. Hulbert | F | MA-12 | September 26, 1814 | Special election: August 4, 1814 |
| ... | David Clendenin | DR | OH-6 | October 11, 1814 | Special election |
| ... | Samuel Henderson | F | PA-2 | | Special election. Only term while serving as a member of the House. |
| ... | Amos Slaymaker | F | PA-3 | |
| ... | Thomas Bines | DR | NJ-3 | November 2, 1814 | Special election: October 10–11, 1814. Only term while serving in the House. |
| *Non voting members* | | | | | |
| a | Jonathan Jennings | - | IN-al | November 27, 1809 | Delegate from Indiana Territory |
| b | Edward Hempstead | - | MO-al | November 9, 1812 | Delegate from Missouri Territory until September 17, 1814 |
| c | Shadrack Bond | - | IL-al | December 3, 1812 | Delegate from Illinois Territory until August 2, 1813 |
| d | William Lattimore | - | MS-al | March 4, 1813 | Delegate from Mississippi Territory. Formerly served 1803–07. |
| e | Rufus Easton | - | MO-al | September 17, 1814 | Delegate from Missouri Territory |
| f | Benjamin Stephenson | - | IL-al | November 4, 1814 | Delegate from Illinois Territory |
|

This article incorporates public domain material from the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress

* *United States Congressional Elections 1788–1997*, by Michael J. Dubin (McFarland and Company 1998) ISBN 0-7864-0283-0


title: 1930 in Romania

abstract: Events from the year 1930 in Romania. The reign of Carol II started during the year, which also saw the foundation of the Iron Guard. The first local election in which women could vote and the only census of Greater Romania were also held during the year.

text:
# 1930 in Romania

Events from the year **1930 in Romania**. The reign of Carol II started during the year, which also saw the foundation of the Iron Guard. The first local election in which women could vote and the only census of Greater Romania were also held during the year.

## Incumbents

## Events

## Births

## Deaths

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Decades: |  |
| See also: |  |


title: Phlox condensata

abstract: Phlox condensata is a species of phlox known by the common name dwarf phlox. It is native to the western United States including eastern California, Nevada, and Colorado, where it grows in rocky, mountainous areas. It is a very compact mat-forming perennial herb growing in patches often less than a centimeter tall. The toothlike lance-shaped leaves are no more than half a centimeter long and lined with stiff hairs. The inflorescence is a solitary tubular flower up to a centimeter long with a flat white or pale pink corolla.

text:
# Phlox condensata

***Phlox condensata*** is a species of phlox known by the common name **dwarf phlox**. It is native to the western United States including eastern California, Nevada, and Colorado, where it grows in rocky, mountainous areas. It is a very compact mat-forming perennial herb growing in patches often less than a centimeter tall. The toothlike lance-shaped leaves are no more than half a centimeter long and lined with stiff hairs. The inflorescence is a solitary tubular flower up to a centimeter long with a flat white or pale pink corolla.

## InfoBox

| *Phlox condensata* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Ericales |
| Family: | Polemoniaceae |
| Genus: | *Phlox* |
| Species: | ***P. condensata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Phlox condensata***<br>(A.Gray) E.E.Nelson | |
|


title: Plexus A1

abstract: Plexus A1 is a threaded installation by Mexican-American artist, Gabriel Dawe. It is an individual piece within the larger series entitled “Plexus.” The “Plexus” project attempts to represent the entire spectrum of visible light using only embroidery thread. The series is named after the term used to describe a network of branching blood vessels. This specific installation, Plexus A1, was installed in the Renwick Gallery of the Smithsonian Museum.  It was a part of the “Wonder” exhibit, an event that featured the work of nine different contemporary artists and celebrated the reopening of the gallery after a two year renovation. Plexus A1 was designed without the use of a single mock-up or any aid from computer generated algorithms. Construction occurred in 2015 over the brief span of just 10 days. It was solely composed of regular, pre-dyed, 100% polyester sewing thread. Plexus A1 utilized 15 different hues of thread, totaling 60 miles in length.

text:
# Plexus A1

***Plexus A1*** is a threaded installation by Mexican-American artist, Gabriel Dawe. It is an individual piece within the larger series entitled “Plexus.” The “Plexus” project attempts to represent the entire spectrum of visible light using only embroidery thread. The series is named after the term used to describe a network of branching blood vessels. This specific installation, Plexus A1, was installed in the Renwick Gallery of the Smithsonian Museum. It was a part of the “Wonder” exhibit, an event that featured the work of nine different contemporary artists and celebrated the reopening of the gallery after a two year renovation. Plexus A1 was designed without the use of a single mock-up or any aid from computer generated algorithms. Construction occurred in 2015 over the brief span of just 10 days. It was solely composed of regular, pre-dyed, 100% polyester sewing thread. Plexus A1 utilized 15 different hues of thread, totaling 60 miles in length.

## Design and construction

Due to the size constraints of Plexus A1, Dawe could not simply transport a final piece, rather, the entirety of its construction was to take place within the confines of the Renwick Gallery. This then demanded a flawless planning process prior to the actual construction. The intricate process began with a close examination of the space designated to host the installation. Dawe’s pieces are extremely site-specific, requiring him to closely map out the room. The most challenging feature of the Renwick Gallery was the width of the designated zone. This width was quite compact due to four preexisting support columns. His investigation also included a great deal of forethought regarding how to best interact with the lighting of the piece’s eventual surroundings.

After gathering pools of information, Dawe spent days extensively working on several versions of beginning sketches. These computer-rendered sketches assessed numerous combinations of color progressions, structures, and sequences. Dawe has no background in mathematics, the most complex formula he employed during this process was the Pythagorean Theorem. He also never used algorithms; rather, he primarily depended on repeated visual experimentation. His trial and error process, while tedious, did not end until he felt he had optimized the trompe l’oeil effect. This effect refers to the geometric optics that alter the viewer’s perspective, deceiving their eye into seeing a single ray of light instead of a web of string. Eventually, Dawe arrived at a culminating sketch. He then adapted his sketch into a carefully plotted matrix that identified the precise curvature and blended color gradient of the final quadratic surface. His final configuration, which sharply fanned off the two dimensional plane, maximized the angles available within the room’s tight width.

Plexus A1 was constructed completely by hand. It was erected by Dawe with the help of two assistants. The team constructed 4 wooden platforms, two fixed from the ground and two diagonally fixed from the 19’ ceiling. Each platform was then configured with a network of metallic hooks. Next, Dawe meticulously stretched bundles of embroidery thread into a specifically ordered, color-categorized layers. This organization ensured the execution of his intended gradient. Yet, the color scheme of each layer was not entirely rigid. Some of the hues overlap, a feature that gave the piece a gradual and gentle transition through the spectrum. With the assistance of a mechanical lift, Dawe used a telescoping rod as a giant needle to individually string each thread up and through the hooks pinned to the ceiling beams. He then lowered the lengths of the fiber down to his assistants, who looped the thread through the anchored hooks resting on the ground. Dawe’s teams diligently continued this process for a week and a half until the thousands of intricately placed connections had been completed.

## Social Conversations and Interpretations

The process Dawe used to create Plexus A1 is an adaption of a traditional embroidery method practiced in his home village, just outside Mexico City. However, as a child Dawe’s grandmother refused to teach him this technique, finding that form of needlework to be contradictory to masculine ideals prevalent in Mexican culture at that time. Despite his grandmother’s wishes, Dawes routinely stole bundles of thread in an endeavor to learn the craft on his own. Years later, while undertaking his MFA at the University of Texas, Dawe revisited this practice during his conception of the “Plexus” series. Given this context, Canadian art historian, Jonathan Rinck views “Plexus A1” as a piece that directly challenges the patriarchal, “machismo” norms prevalent in both Mexico and the U.S.. He sees the embroidery process as a means to subvert the gender stereotypes that molded Dawe’s youth. Rinck finds that it is in this way that Dawe’s work shatters the artistic confinement often engendered by hyper-masculinity.

Independent art critic, Sarah Tanguy, noted that Plexus A1’s “minimalist composition of lines and cast shadows suggested the banner of LGBT rights.” Tanguy’s comments foreshadowed the tremendous amounts support garnered by the LGBTQ+ community. Plexus A1 became an emblem approbated in several LGBTQ+ magazines, online texts, and websites. Many members of the LGBTQ+community commended Plexus A1 for its thematic principles of pride and freedom of expression. In an interview with Smithsonian Magazine journalist Anutia Ault, Dawe stated that his stylistic choices, in particular, the use of the rainbow, were never politically motivated. However, during that same interview, Dawe also went on to reciprocate support for the LGBTQ+ community, stating that he “has always valued inclusion and unity.”

“Plexus A1,” along with the series as a whole, has drawn a lot of similitude to clothing. The fact that these pieces are comprised completely out of textiles gives rise to many such comparisons. Patricha Marlarcher, editor for the Surface Design Journal, asserts that Dawe’s artwork functions as a nurturing layer of protection for the spirit, much like “the luminous interiors of the Catholic Churches” in Mexico City. Plexus A1 has also been noted to shelter and preserve the childlike nature of the human soul, serving as a catalyst that sparks a sense of wonder from times past.

## Removal and Relics

Plexus A1 was available to the public until July 10, 2016 and was shortly thereafter dismantled. Dawe never attempts to transport or relocate his works. They are built within the space they inhabit and disassembled in the same fashion. However, once removed, Dawe collects all of the thread and amasses it into a plexiglass cube. Plexus A1, took similar form, becoming what Dawe has termed as a “Relic.” Dawe directly borrows this practice from Catholic lore, mimicking the dichotomy between the life and death of the piece. He finds that these “Relics” have a “grand and delicate quality,” as they signify a transformation from a massive network to a “small and dense lump of thread.”

## General sources

* Wonder. (2016). In *Issues in Science and Technology* (Vol. 32, pp. 70–78). National Academy of Sciences.

* Wonder. (2016). In *Issues in Science and Technology* (Vol. 32, pp. 70–78). National Academy of Sciences.

## InfoBox

| PLEXUS A1 | |
| --- | --- |
| Artist | Gabriel Dawe |
| Year | 2015 |
| Medium | Embroidery Thread |
| Dimensions | 5.8 m × 3.7 m × 7.6 m (19 ft × 12 ft × 25 ft) |
| Location | Renwick Gallery, Washington D.C. |


title: Megan Rule

abstract: Megan Rule is a New Zealand architect. She was a recipient of a National Association of Women in Construction Excellence Award in 2016.

text:
# Megan Rule

**Megan Rule** is a New Zealand architect. She was a recipient of a National Association of Women in Construction Excellence Award in 2016.

## Biography

Rule studied architecture at the University of Auckland, graduating in 1992. She has worked with community groups, not-for-profits, churches, clubs, Pacific groups, iwi, Ngā Aho, and accessibility organisations in New Zealand and internationally. She has been a director for Habitat for Humanity and Architecture for Humanity.

In 2000, Rule founded South Pacific Architecture in Auckland, focusing on architecture for diversity. She is the chair of Te Kāhui Whaihanga New Zealand Institute of Architects' Auckland branch. Rule is also a teaching fellow at the School of Architecture and Planning at the University of Auckland and co-founder of Architecture+Women NZ. She was inaugural co-chair of the organisation for five years, from 2011 to 2016.

Rule's work features in the book *Worship: A History of New Zealand Church Design* by Bill McKay and Jane Ussher, and in *The Phaidon 21st Century Atlas of World Architecture*.

## Awards and honours

Rule's Northland Waterfall Chapel (2003) won the Premio Internazionale Dedalos Minosse Award in Italy, and was the first New Zealand project to win. In 2016, Rule won the National Association of Women in Construction Helen Tippett Award for actively promoting women in construction.

## InfoBox

| Megan Rule | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | New Zealand |
| Alma mater | University of Auckland |
| Occupation | Architect |
| Awards | Helen Tippett Award (2016) |
|  | |
| Practice | South Pacific Architecture |
| Buildings | Northland Waterfall Chapel |
|  | |


title: List of shipwrecks in August 1829

abstract: The list of shipwrecks in August 1829 includes some ships sunk, wrecked or otherwise lost during August 1829.

text:
# List of shipwrecks in August 1829

The **list of shipwrecks in August 1829** includes some ships sunk, wrecked or otherwise lost during August 1829.

## 1 August

List of shipwrecks: 1 August 1829
| Ship | State | Description |
| --- | --- | --- |
| *John* | United Kingdom | The ship was driven ashore in the Delaware River, United States. |
| *Rhoda* | United Kingdom | The ship ran aground and capsized in the Humber at Oysterness, Yorkshire with the loss of a crew member. She was on a voyage from Hamburg to Goole, Yorkshire. |

## 3 August

List of shipwrecks: 3 August 1829
| Ship | State | Description |
| --- | --- | --- |
| *Grace* | United Kingdom | The ship was lost near Rosehearty, Aberdeenshire with the loss of all hands. She was on a voyage from Sunderland, County Durham to Macduff, Aberdeenshire. |
| *Milford* | United Kingdom | The ship was wrecked on the Long Sand, off Kedgeree, Bengal, India. |
| *Rommany* | United Kingdom | The ship was lost near Kedgeree. |

## 4 August

List of shipwrecks: 4 August 1829
| Ship | State | Description |
| --- | --- | --- |
| *Active* | United Kingdom | The ship was driven ashore at the "Burn of Boyndee". Her crew were rescued. |
| *Ann* | United Kingdom | The ship was driven ashore and wrecked at Portgordon, Morayshire. Her crew were rescued. |
| *Anna Maria* | United Kingdom | The ship was driven ashore and wrecked west of Gardenstown, Aberdeenshire with the loss of all on board. |
| *Barbara and Ann* | United Kingdom | The ship was driven ashore at the mouth of the River Spey. |
| *Catherine* | United Kingdom | The ship was driven ashore at the "Burn of Boyndee". Her crew were rescued. |
| *Endeavour* | United Kingdom | The ship foundered in the North Sea off Nairn with the loss of all hands. |
| *Lively* | United Kingdom | The ship was driven ashore 3 nautical miles (5.6 km) west of Speymouth, Morayshire. |
| *Lizard* | United Kingdom | The ship was driven ashore 3 nautical miles (5.6 km) west of Speymouth. |
| *Success* | United Kingdom | The ship was driven ashore and wrecked near the "Burn of Boyndee". Her crew were rescued. |

## 5 August

List of shipwrecks: 5 August 1829
| Ship | State | Description |
| --- | --- | --- |
| *Driver* | Saint Vincent | The schooner capsized whilst on a voyage from Saint Barthélemy to Saint Vincent with the loss of four of the twelve people on board. |

## 7 August

List of shipwrecks: 7 August 1829
| Ship | State | Description |
| --- | --- | --- |
| *Americano* | Kingdom of Sardinia | The ship was wrecked on Carreras, near Montevideo, Uruguay. |

## 9 August

List of shipwrecks: 9 August 1829
| Ship | State | Description |
| --- | --- | --- |
| *Crimonmogate* | United Kingdom | The ship was wrecked on Anticosti Island, Lower Canada, British North America. Her crew were rescued. |
| *Whim* | United Kingdom | The ship was in collision with the schooner *Navarino* in the North Sea off Spurn Head, Yorkshire and sank. Her crew were rescued. |

## 10 August

List of shipwrecks: 10 August 1829
| Ship | State | Description |
| --- | --- | --- |
| *Foxhound* | New South Wales | The cutter was wrecked whilst on a voyage from the Five Islands to Port Jackson with the loss of all eight crew. |

## 11 August

List of shipwrecks: 11 August 1829
| Ship | State | Description |
| --- | --- | --- |
| *John Wells* | United Kingdom | The ship ran aground on the Joe Flogger Shoal, in the Delaware River, United States. |

## 12 August

List of shipwrecks: 12 August 1829
| Ship | State | Description |
| --- | --- | --- |
| *Friends* | United Kingdom | The ship was wrecked near Nidingen, Sweden. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Hull, Yorkshire to Saint Petersburg, Russia. |

## 13 August

List of shipwrecks: 13 August 1829
| Ship | State | Description |
| --- | --- | --- |
| *Air Balloon* | United Kingdom | The ship sprang a leak and foundered in the North Sea off Scarborough, Yorkshire. She was on a voyage from Sunderland, County Durham to Chatham, Kent. She was refloated on 21 August and taken into Scarborough. |
| *Betsey* | United Kingdom | The ship was wrecked at Kingstown, County Dublin with the loss of five of the eighteen people on board. She was on a voyage from Liverpool, Lancashire to Dundalk, County Louth. |
| *Duke* | United Kingdom | The brig was wrecked in Sandy Cove. All eleven people on board were rescued. She was on a voyage from Whitehaven, Cumberland to Dublin. |
| *Jean and Bell* | United Kingdom | The ship foundered in the Irish Sea off Westport, County Mayo. She was on a voyage from Westport to Liverpool, Lancashire. |

## 14 August

List of shipwrecks: 14 August 1829
| Ship | State | Description |
| --- | --- | --- |
| *Aurora* | United Kingdom | The ship was wrecked off the mouth of the River Tees. Her crew were rescued by the Redcar Lifeboat. |
| *Camillus* | United Kingdom | The sloop foundered in the Irish Sea a league (3 nautical miles (5.6 km)) off the Saltee Islands, County Wexford. |
| *Friends* | United Kingdom | The ship foundered in the North Sea off Hartlepool, County Durham. Her crew were rescued. |
| *Hero* | United Kingdom | The brig was driven ashore and wrecked at Scarborough, Yorkshire. Her crew were rescued by *Feronia* ( United Kingdom). |
| *London* | United Kingdom | The ship was driven ashore at Hartlepool, County Durham. |
| *Providence* | United Kingdom | The ship was abandoned in the Irish Sea 40 nautical miles (74 km) west south west of the Smalls Lighthouse. Her crew were rescued. |
| *Quest* | United Kingdom | The ship was driven ashore and wrecked at Brighton, Sussex. Her crew were rescued. |
| *Sea Nymph* | United Kingdom | The ship was driven ashore at the mouth of the River Tees. Her crew were rescued by the Seaton Delaval Lifeboat. |

## 15 August

List of shipwrecks: 15 August 1829
| Ship | State | Description |
| --- | --- | --- |
| *Ant* | United Kingdom | The ship was driven ashore near Wainfleet, Lincolnshire. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Hamburg to London. |
| *Perseverance* | United Kingdom | The ship sank at Bridlington, Yorkshire. |

## 16 August

List of shipwrecks: 16 August 1829
| Ship | State | Description |
| --- | --- | --- |
| *Lord Archibald Hamilton* | United Kingdom | The brig was driven ashore and wrecked at Girdleness, Aberdeenshire. |

## 17 August

List of shipwrecks: 17 August 1829
| Ship | State | Description |
| --- | --- | --- |
| *Fame* | New South Wales | The brig sank at her moorings in Sydney Cove. |
| *Norval* | United Kingdom | The ship was wrecked on Skagen, Denmark. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Riga, Russia to Hull, Yorkshire. |
| *Richard and Jane* | United Kingdom | The schooner sprang a leak and foundered in the North Sea off the mouth of the Humber. |

## 18 August

List of shipwrecks: 18 August 1829
| Ship | State | Description |
| --- | --- | --- |
| *Dublin* | United Kingdom | The ship was wrecked on Bornholm, Denmark. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Memel, Prussia to Dublin. |

## 19 August

List of shipwrecks: 19 August 1829
| Ship | State | Description |
| --- | --- | --- |
| *George* | United Kingdom | The ship sprang a leak and was beached in "Fernis Bay". She was on a voyage from Troon, Ayrshire to Castletown, Isle of Man. |

## 20 August

List of shipwrecks: 20 August 1829
| Ship | State | Description |
| --- | --- | --- |
| *Louisa* | United Kingdom | The brig was wrecked off Saugor, India. |
| *Recovery* | United Kingdom | The brig was abandoned in the Atlantic Ocean with the loss of one of her fourteen crew. *Lyra* ( United Kingdom) rescued the survivors. *Recovery* was on a voyage from Trinidad to London. |

## 21 August

List of shipwrecks: 21 August 1829
| Ship | State | Description |
| --- | --- | --- |
| *Happy Return* | United Kingdom | The trow was wrecked on the Dun Sand, in the River Severn. Her crew survived. |

## 22 August

List of shipwrecks: 22 August 1829
| Ship | State | Description |
| --- | --- | --- |
| *Earl Moira* | United Kingdom | The ship sprang a leak and foundered in the English Channel off the Owers Sandbank. Her crew survived. She was on a voyage from Guernsey, Channel Islands to London. |

## 23 August

List of shipwrecks: 23 August 1829
| Ship | State | Description |
| --- | --- | --- |
| *Charles* | United Kingdom | The ship was wrecked in the Atlantic Ocean during a hurricane. There were six survivors. She was on a voyage from Tobago to London. |
| *Marjory* | United Kingdom | The ship was driven ashore at Karlskrona, Sweden. |
| *Nancy* | United Kingdom | The ship was wrecked at Hythe, Kent. |

## 24 August

List of shipwrecks: 24 August 1829
| Ship | State | Description |
| --- | --- | --- |
| *Ann* | United Kingdom | The sloop was in collision with the schooner *Ariadne* in the North Sea off Girdleness, Aberdeenshire and sank. All on board survived. |
| *John and James* | United Kingdom | The ship was driven ashore and wrecked in the Pentland Firth. |
| *Monarch* | United Kingdom | The ship sprang a leak and was abandoned in the Atlantic Ocean (49°00′N 29°00′W / 49.000°N 29.000°W / 49.000; -29.000). Her crew were rescued by *James* ( United Kingdom) before she foundered. *Monarch* was on a voyage from Liverpool, Lancashire to Quebec City, Lower Canada, British North America. |

## 25 August

List of shipwrecks: 25 August 1829
| Ship | State | Description |
| --- | --- | --- |
| *Four Friends* | United Kingdom | The ship departed from Sunderland, County Durham for Scarborough, Yorkshire. Presumed subsequently foundered in the North Sea with the loss of all hands. A boat from the ship washed up at Filey, Yorkshire in early September. |

## 26 August

List of shipwrecks: 26 August 1829
| Ship | State | Description |
| --- | --- | --- |
| *Alert* | United Kingdom | The brig was wrecked at Holyhead, Anglesey with the loss of all hands. |
| *Lord Hill* | United Kingdom | The ship was driven ashore at the mouth of the River Tees. |
| *Mary* | United Kingdom | The ship was wrecked at Padstow, Cornwall. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Bideford, Devon to Portreath, Cornwall. |

## 27 August

List of shipwrecks: 27 August 1829
| Ship | State | Description |
| --- | --- | --- |
| *Alert* | United Kingdom | The ship foundered in the Irish Sea off Holyhead, Anglesey with the loss of all hands. |
| *Alfred* | United Kingdom | The ship foundered in the North Sea off Scarborough, Yorkshire. Her crew were rescued. |
| *Davies Hall* | United Kingdom | The ship foundered in the Irish Sea off Great Orme Head, Caernarfonshire. She was on a voyage from Liverpool, Lancashire to Beaumaris, Anglesey. |
| *Harford* | United Kingdom | The ship was wrecked on the Baggy Lip, in the Bristol Channel off the coast of Devon with the loss of all hands. She was on a voyage from Falmouth, Cornwall to Swansea, Glamorgan. |
| *Helen* | United Kingdom | The ship was driven ashore and wrecked in Cloughey Bay with the loss of five of the fourteen people on board. she was on a voyage from Greenock, Renfrewshire to Saint Thomas, Virgin Islands and Trinidad. |
| *Liberty* | United Kingdom | The ship was driven ashore at Ravenglass, Cumberland. |
| *Liver* | United Kingdom | The flat was driven ashore at the Point of Ayr with the loss of two of the four people on board. |
| *Lord Ebrington* | United Kingdom | The ship was driven ashore near Ballywalter, County Down. She was on a voyage from Ayr to Dublin. *Lord Ebrington* was refloated on 5 September and beached at Ballyferris, County Down. |
| *Mary* | United Kingdom | The ship foundered in the Bristol Channel off Padstow, Cornwall. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Bideford, Devon to St. Ives, Cornwall. |
| *Minerva* | United Kingdom | The ship was wrecked near Ballycastle, County Antrim with the loss of eight of her crew. She was on a voyage from Liverpool, Lancashire to "Wyburg". |
| *Myrtle* | United Kingdom | The ship was lost at Cemaes Bay, Anglesey with the loss of two of her crew. |
| *Nancy* | United Kingdom | The ship sprang a leak and was beached in the "Birken Isles". She was on a voyage from Liverpool to Wick, Caithness. |
| *Sisters* | United Kingdom | The ship was wrecked in Ramsay Sound. |
| *Sophia* | United Kingdom | The sloop was driven ashore and wrecked at Parton, Cumberland with the loss of all hands except her captain. |
| *Thomas and Jane* | United Kingdom | The ship was wrecked near Padstow with the loss of all hands. She was on a voyage from Cork to Southampton, Hampshire. |
| *Vigilant* | United Kingdom | The ship struck a sunken wreck and sank in the North SeaScarborough. Her four crew survived. |
| *William McGillaray* | United Kingdom | The ship was lost near Newry, County Antrim. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Saint Petersburg, Russia to Newry. |

## 28 August

List of shipwrecks: 28 August 1829
| Ship | State | Description |
| --- | --- | --- |
| *Agestor* | United Kingdom | The ship was wrecked on the Horns Sand, in the North Sea off the coast of Essex. |
| *Camilla* | United Kingdom | The ship was driven ashore at Caernarfon. She was on a voyage from Cocagne, New Brunswick, British North America to Liverpool, Lancashire. |
| *Crisis* | United Kingdom | The ship was wrecked on the Maplin Sand, in the North Sea off the coast of Essex. She was refloated on 13 September and taken in to the River Orwell. |
| *Enterprise* | United Kingdom | The ship was driven ashore at Filey, Yorkshire. Her crew were rescued. |
| *Friends* | United Kingdom | The barque was lost on the West Hoyle Sandbank, in Liverpool Bay with the loss of four of her twelve crew. |
| *Graf von Munster* | Kingdom of Hanover | The ship departed from Carolinensiel for Liverpool. No further trace, presumed foundered with the loss of all hands. |
| *Helford* | United Kingdom | The ship was wrecked on Baggy Point, Devon with the loss of all on board. She was on a voyage from Truro, Cornwall to Swansea, Glamorgan. |
| *Lilly* | United Kingdom | The ship was driven ashore and wrecked at Wallasey, Cheshire. |
| *Martha* | United Kingdom | The ship was wrecked near Fishguard, Pembrokeshire. She was on a voyage from Quebec City, Lower Canada, British North America to Fishguard. |
| *Mary Ann* | United Kingdom | The ship was driven ashore and wrecked in Widemouth Bay. |
| *Minerva* | United Kingdom | The ship was wrecked near Fair Head, County Antrim with the loss of eight lives. She was on a voyage from Liverpool to Vyborg, Grand Duchy of Finland. |
| *Natches* | Netherlands | The ship was lost near Blankenberge, West Flanders with the loss of all hands. She was on a voyage from "Maranzas" to Antwerp. |
| *New Blessing* | United Kingdom | The ship was driven ashore at Barmouth, Merionethshire. |
| *Olive and Eliza* | United Kingdom | The ship was driven ashore at Liverpool. She was on a voyage from New Orleans, Louisiana to . |
| *Ploughman* | United Kingdom | The ship was driven ashore at Upgang, Yorkshire. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Sunderland, County Durham to Rochester, Kent. |
| *Rumbold* | United Kingdom | The ship was lost in Carnarvon Bay. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Liverpool to London. |
| *Swallow* | United Kingdom | The ship was driven ashore in Carnarvon Bay. She was on a voyage from Liverpool to Newfoundland, British North America. |
| *Tredegar* | United Kingdom | The ship was driven ashore and wrecked in St Brides Bay. Her crew were rescued. |
| *Vigilant* | United Kingdom | The ship was driven ashore and wrecked at Scaleby Beck, Yorkshire. Her crew survived. She was on a voyage from South Shields, County Durham to Colchester, Essex |

## 29 August

List of shipwrecks: 29 August 1829
| Ship | State | Description |
| --- | --- | --- |
| *Ann* | United Kingdom | The ship was driven ashore and wrecked 8 nautical miles (15 km) east of Calais, France. She was on a voyage from Hamburg to Plymouth, Devon. |
| *Ant* | United Kingdom | The ship was driven ashore near Happisburgh, Norfolk. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from London to Goole, Yorkshire. |
| *Concordia* | United Kingdom | The schooner ran aground on the Newcombe Sand, in the English Channel off Dungeness, Kent and sank with the loss of two of her crew. Survivors were rescued by *Tally-ho* ( United Kingdom). |
| *Fanny* | United Kingdom | The ship was driven ashore at Salthouse, Norfolk. Her crew were rescued. |
| *Lara* | United Kingdom | The ship was wrecked at Dungeness All on board were rescued. She was on a voyage from London to Corfu, Greece via Malta. |

## 30 August

List of shipwrecks: 30 August 1829
| Ship | State | Description |
| --- | --- | --- |
| *Alsinea* | United Kingdom | The ship was wrecked on Götaland, Sweden. |

## Unknown date

List of shipwrecks: Unknown date in August 1829
| Ship | State | Description |
| --- | --- | --- |
| *Active* | United Kingdom | The sloop was lost in Church Bay. |
| *Catherine* | United Kingdom | The ship was lost near Fishguard, Pembrokeshire She was on a voyage from Chester, Cheshire to Haverfordwest, Pembrokeshire. |
| *Diligent* | United Kingdom | The ship struck rocks and sank off Corley Point, County Limerick. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Irvine, Ayrshire to Dundalk, County Louth. |
| *Friends* | United Kingdom | The ship was lost in the Skaggerak before 20 August. |
| *Lady Hope* | United Kingdom | The ship was wrecked on Lanzarote, Canary Islands, Spain after 15 August. |
| *Liberty* | United Kingdom | The ship was lost between Baltimore and Castlehaven, County Cork. |
| *Magdalene* | United Kingdom | The ship was driven ashore and wrecked near Umago, Austrian Empire. She was on a voyage from Trieste to Smyrna, Greece. |
| *Quest* | United Kingdom | The ship was driven ashore and wrecked at Brighton, Sussex before 18 August. |
| *Shepherd* | United Kingdom | The ship was driven ashore and wrecked at Brighton before 18 August. |
| *Spring* | United Kingdom | The ship ran aground off the mouth of the Tyne. She consequently sprang a leak and was towed in to South Shields, County Durham, where she sank. *Spring* was on a voyage from Newport, Monmouthshire to Newcastle upon Tyne, Northumberland. |
| *Tyne* | United Kingdom | The ship was wrecked on the Heneaga Reef, Bahamas. |
| *Volant* | United Kingdom | The ship was driven ashore and severely damaged at Littlehampton, Sussex. She was refloated on 29 August and taken in to the harbour. |
| *Wellington* | United Kingdom | The ship was driven ashore at Fishguard. She was on a voyage from Liverpool to Riga, Russia. |


title: Lígia Santos

abstract: Lígia Santos is a Santomean football manager who manages the São Tomé and Príncipe women's national football team.

text:
# Lígia Santos

**Lígia Santos** is a Santomean football manager who manages the São Tomé and Príncipe women's national football team.

## Early life

Santos is the daughter of Portuguese footballer José Santos.

## Education

Santos attended Westchester Community College in the United States.

## Career

Santos is the first female football manager in São Tomé and Príncipe and managed the São Tomé and Príncipe women's national football team for 2024 Women's Africa Cup of Nations qualification. She also manages the under-20 team.

## Personal life

Santos is nicknamed "Pipi".

## InfoBox

Lígia Santos
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Place of birth | Portugal | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
|  | Anadia |  |  |
| Managerial career | | | |
|  | São Tomé and Príncipe | | |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: FC Bogzești

abstract: FC Bogzești is a Moldovan football club based in Bogzești, Moldova. They play in the Moldovan "B" Division, the third division in Moldovan football in season 2015–2016 and won the Division B Center.

text:
# FC Bogzești

**FC Bogzești**  is a Moldovan football club based in Bogzești, Moldova. They play in the Moldovan "B" Division, the third division in Moldovan football in season 2015–2016 and won the Division B Center.

## Achievements

**Winners (1):** 2015–16    * on Soccerway.com

## InfoBox

FC Bogzești
| Full name | Fotbal Club Bogzești |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | 2015 |
| Ground | Stadionul Teleneşti <br>Teleneşti, Moldova |
| Capacity | 1,000 |
| League | Moldovan "B" Division |
| 2015–16 | "B" Division (Center), 1st (promoted) |


title: The Escape of Prisoner 614

abstract: The Escape of Prisoner 614 is a 2018 American Western comedy written and directed by Zach Golden and starring Ron Perlman, Martin Starr, Jake McDorman and George Sample III.

text:
# The Escape of Prisoner 614

***The Escape of Prisoner 614*** is a 2018 American Western comedy written and directed by Zach Golden and starring Ron Perlman, Martin Starr, Jake McDorman and George Sample III.

## Cast

## Reception

The film has a 20% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. Glenn Kenny of RogerEbert.com awarded the film two and a half stars.

Luke Y. Thompson of *Forbes* gave the film a positive review and wrote, "More of an absurdist comedy than an uproarious one, this mostly works because McDorman and Starr play things completely seriously."

Frank Scheck of *The Hollywood Reporter* gave the film a negative review and wrote, "this satirical, modern-day Western induces a few mild chuckles but mostly wastes the talents of its cast."

## InfoBox

| The Escape of Prisoner 614 | |
| --- | --- |
| Film poster | |
| Directed by | Zach Golden |
| Written by | Zach Golden |
| Produced by |  |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Adam Lee |
| Edited by | Adam Lee |
| Music by | Martin Crane |
| Production<br>companies |  |
| Distributed by | Saban Films |
| Release date | * April 27, 2018 (2018-04-27) |
| Running time | 95 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: Phlox divaricata

abstract: Phlox divaricata, the wild blue phlox, woodland phlox, or wild sweet william, is a species of flowering plant in the family Polemoniaceae, native to forests and fields in eastern North America.

text:
# Phlox divaricata

***Phlox divaricata***, the **wild blue phlox**, **woodland phlox**, or **wild sweet william**, is a species of flowering plant in the family Polemoniaceae, native to forests and fields in eastern North America.

## Etymology

The species name *divaricata* means "with a spreading and straggling habit".

## Description

Wild blue phlox is a semi-evergreen perennial growing 25–50 cm (10–20 in) tall with opposite, unstalked, hairy leaves 2.5–5 cm (1–2 in) in length and ovate-lanceolate in shape. Flowers appear in late spring and early summer. They are pleasantly fragrant and 2–4 cm (341+12 in) in diameter, with five petals fused at the base into a thin tube. The petals are a variety of pastel colors: blue-lavender, light purple, pink, or white. Flowers bloom March to May. It grows in moist, deciduous woods and bluffs.

There are two subspecies: ssp. *divaricata*, with petals notched at the tip, and ssp. *laphamii*, without a notch.

## Ecology

Wild blue phlox is most common in the climax successional stage of a community. The flowers produce nectar at the base of the long, narrow corolla tube, and pollen near the end of the corolla tube. Only butterflies, moths, skippers, and long-tongued bees have long enough tongues to drink the nectar. Short-tongued bees and flower flies are unable to reach the nectar, but may gather or feed on pollen.

Phlox is self-incompatible, so it requires cross-pollination to produce seed. Butterflies are the most effective pollinators. As they insert their proboscis into the flower to drink nectar, it contacts the anthers and picks up pollen. As they coil the proboscis before moving to the next flower, most of the pollen falls off, but some remains to be transferred to the stigma of the next flower that they drink nectar from.

## Cultivation

Cultivated varieties have various colours, including blue ('Blue Moon'), lavender ('Clouds of Perfume') and white ('Fuller's White', 'White Perfume').

*Phlox divaricata* and the lavender-flowered cultivar 'Chattahoochee' have both won the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

## InfoBox

| *Phlox divaricata* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Secure  (NatureServe) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Ericales |
| Family: | Polemoniaceae |
| Genus: | *Phlox* |
| Species: | ***P. divaricata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Phlox divaricata***
L. | |
|
|  | |
| Natural range in North America | |


title: Pleyben Parish close

abstract: The Pleyben Parish close is a historical cathedral complex at Pleyben in the Châteaulin arrondissement of Brittany in northwestern France. The enclosed paroissial comprises the parish church dedicated to Saint Germain of Auxerre, a funeral chapel/ossuary, a triumphal arch serving as the enclosed entrance, and the Calvary at Pleyben. The building is dominated by two bell towers. The rightmost, known as the Saint Germain, is in the Renaissance style and is topped by a lanterned dome; whilst the other has a Gothic style spire. Between the towers is a stair turret with pinnacles and an ornate spire. The close is a listed historical monument since 1846.

text:
# Pleyben Parish close

The **Pleyben Parish close** (Enclos paroissial) is a historical cathedral complex at Pleyben in the Châteaulin arrondissement of Brittany in northwestern France. The enclosed paroissial comprises the parish church dedicated to Saint Germain of Auxerre, a funeral chapel/ossuary, a triumphal arch serving as the enclosed entrance, and the Calvary at Pleyben. The building is dominated by two bell towers. The rightmost, known as the Saint Germain, is in the Renaissance style and is topped by a lanterned dome; whilst the other has a Gothic style spire. Between the towers is a stair turret with pinnacles and an ornate spire. The close is a listed historical monument since 1846.

## The triumphal arch

This dates to 1725. Over the arch there is a statue of the Holy Father holding out his crucified son for the world to see. It would have been through this entrance that the bodies of the dead would be carried for burial in the enclos. In the Breton language these entrances are called "*Porz ar maro*" ("The gate of the dead").

## The ossuary

Whilst starting out as an ossuary in the 15th century, the building was restored in 1733 and in 1736 was named the "Chapelle des Trépassés" and dedicated to Saint Simon and Saint Jude.

## The porch

Above the bell-tower porch entrance there is a statue of Saint Germain which dates to 1555 and in the porch interior are statues of the apostles. Of these statues, that of John the Evangelist and James the Greater have been attributed to Roland Doré. The statue of St Germain is inscribed "EN L'HONNEUR DE DIEV ET DAE ET MONSIEVR S GERMAIN CESTE CROIX FVST COMENCE 1555". There are also two further statues on the outside of the porch, one of the "Virgin of the Annunciation" and the other the "Angel of the Annunciation". These two statues and that of Saint Germain are attributed to the Prigent atelier.

## The church interior

The nave is vaulted and decorated with painted and carved panels which date to the 16th century and carved horizontal beams. The church holds many fine statues. In the south transept there is a carving from wood dating to the 16th century which depicts Saint Yves standing between a rich man and a poor man. Also as one enters the choir there are niches containing statues of Saint Peter, Saint Corentin and Saint Germain, In the nave there is also a wooden carving depicting Christ on the cross with the Virgin Mary and John the Evangelist on either side. These date to the 17th century.

## The baptismal fonts

These date to the 17th century and are in front of an altarpiece depicting Jesus' baptism and John the Baptist's parents Zacharius and Elizabeth. There is also a statue of Saint Sernin holding Jesus' robe whilst he is baptized.

## The master altar

This has an altarpiece dating to 1667–1668 and a two-tiered tabernacle. The work is carved from oak and includes depictions of Jesus Christ, Saint Peter and Saint Paul and the four evangelists. Also depicted are Saint Germain and John the Baptist.

## The Rosary altarpiece

The sculptor Jean Cévaer and the carpenter Jeané Le Seven combined to produce the "Rosary" altarpiece in 1696/98 and at a later stage the painter Olivier Grall added paintings. In the centre-piece the Virgin Mary is depicted handing the rosary to Saint Dominic and Saint Catherine of Sienna. Statues of Saint Luke and Saint John are positioned at the bottom of each of the side pillars and at the very top is a depiction of the Holy Father. A series of medallions spaced around the central tableau depict episodes from Jesus' life.

## The "Trépassés" altarpiece

At the centre of this altarpiece is a painting depicting the "Descent from the cross".

## Stained glass windows

In the centre of the church's chevet, there is a stained glass window depicting the Passion of Jesus Christ. There are further windows on each side of this central window. On the left the window depicts the Tree of Jesse and the window to the right depicts a tree representing the church featuring Jesus and his apostles. These windows date to 1879. A window in the south transept depicts scenes from the life of Saint Germain of Auxerre and a window in the north transept is dedicated to Saint Catherine of Alexandria. These two windows were executed in 1917 and are the work of an artist called Plouquet.

## The chevet

At the base of the exterior of the chevet is a frieze with depictions of the sun, the moon and a skull.

## The sablières

The church has some splendid examples of 16th century wooden sablières, the horizontal beams running along the top of the church wall where it meets the roof. At Pleyben they date to 1571, and cover five basic themes, both religious and mythological. Some 250 images are involved and the carvings also appear on the roof's cross rafters.

## The sacristy

## The organ

This was commissioned from Thomas Dallam in 1688. The organ casing was the work of Michel Madé.

## Miscellaneous images

48°13′38″N 3°58′11″W / 48.2271°N 3.9697°W / 48.2271; -3.9697


title: Václav Neckář

abstract:
Václav Neckář is a Czech singer and actor. He is best known for his performance as Miloš Hrma in Closely Watched Trains. Between 1978 and 1979 he cooperated with Polish singer Anna Jantar during their performances in Poland and Czechoslovakia (ČSSR).
In 2007, he was accused of having been an StB collaborator from 1978. From 1968 to 1970 he was a singer in Golden Kids with Marta Kubišová and Helena Vondráčková, and from 1970 a singer in the group Bacily. In 2011, Neckař described himself as a non-practising Hussite. Following the death of Neckař’s wife Jaroslava in 2015, Rev. David Frýda described him and his wife as strong believers and frequent congregants.

text:
# Václav Neckář

**Václav Neckář** (born 23 October 1943 in Prague) is a Czech singer and actor. He is best known for his performance as Miloš Hrma in *Closely Watched Trains*. Between 1978 and 1979 he cooperated with Polish singer Anna Jantar during their performances in Poland and Czechoslovakia (ČSSR). In 2007, he was accused of having been an StB collaborator from 1978.

From 1968 to 1970 he was a singer in Golden Kids with Marta Kubišová and Helena Vondráčková, and from 1970 a singer in the group Bacily.

In 2011, Neckař described himself as a non-practising Hussite. Following the death of Neckař’s wife Jaroslava in 2015, Rev. David Frýda described him and his wife as strong believers and frequent congregants.

## Selected filmography

## Television

## Selected discography

## InfoBox

| Václav Neckář | |
| --- | --- |
| Václav Neckář | |
| Background information | |
| Born | (1943-10-23) 23 October 1943<br>Prague, Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (today the Czech Republic) |
| Genres | Pop music |
| Occupation(s) | Singer, actor |
| Years active | 1966–present |


title: Vallard Atlas

abstract: The Vallard Atlas is an atlas produced in Dieppe, Northern France, in 1547. It was ascribed to Nicolas Vallard. However, there is a degree of uncertainty over his authorship. Nowadays, it is believed that the Vallard Atlas was developed from an earlier Portuguese prototype.

text:
# Vallard Atlas

The **Vallard Atlas** is an atlas produced in Dieppe, Northern France, in 1547. It was ascribed to Nicolas Vallard. However, there is a degree of uncertainty over his authorship. Nowadays, it is believed that the Vallard Atlas was developed from an earlier Portuguese prototype.

## History

The Vallard Atlas is one of the most renowned atlases of the 16th century. It is an example of work from the Dieppe School of Cartography. Several doubts were raised about the authorship of the atlas; it was generally assumed that Nicolas Vallard was only the first owner of the atlas. Credit for the work was given to an anonymous Portuguese cartographer.

The atlas showed for the first time the east coast of Australia. Interestingly, the markings on the map were made 200 years before Captain James Cook discovered the east coast of the continent, bringing the primacy of Cook's discovery into question. However, the theory that this proves that the Portuguese made contact with Australia is contested.

Since 1924, the original atlas can be found in the Huntington Library in San Marino (California) in the US.

## Description

The atlas consists of 68 pages, which include a calendar and 15 nautical charts with illustrations, as well as detailed maritime information. It contains illustrations of the indigenous population of the New World and is therefore an important testimony to colonisation.

The original atlas was bound in red leather with gold decorations in 1805.

An unusual feature of the work lies in the fact that the map reverses the common orientation of the world, with the south at the top.


title: Listed buildings in Ferrensby

text:
# Listed buildings in Ferrensby

Ferrensby is a civil parish in the former Harrogate district of North Yorkshire, England. It contains two listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England. Both the listed buildings are designated at Grade II, the lowest of the three grades, which is applied to "buildings of national importance and special interest". The parish contains the village of Ferrensby and the surrounding countryside, and both the listed buildings are houses near the centre of the village.

## Buildings

| Name and location | Photograph | Date | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Lake View Farmhouse and Cottage
54°02′27″N 1°26′17″W / 54.04092°N 1.43798°W / 54.04092; -1.43798 (Lake View Farmhouse and Cottage) |  | 16th century | A house with a timber framed core, it was later enclosed partly in stone and partly in brick, and the east end was rebuilt in brick. The roof is partly in grey slate and partly in stone slate. There are two storeys, a two-bay central range, a gabled bay on the left, and on the right are two taller bays forming the cottage. The windows are a mix of casements and horizontally-sliding sashes. In the central range is a doorway, the left bay has an eaves band and a bargeboard to the gable, and the right bays have a floor band. |
| Long Cottage
54°02′27″N 1°26′15″W / 54.04090°N 1.43757°W / 54.04090; -1.43757 (Long Cottage) |  | Late 17th century | A house divided into two, in red brick on the front and rendered on the left return. It has a floor band, a dentilled eaves cornice, and a pantile roof. There are two storeys, three bays, and a rear outshut. On the front are two doorways, and long windows with a central casement, and one with a horizontally-sliding sash. |
|

### Citations

### Sources

* Historic England, "Lake View Farmhouse and Lake View Cottage, Ferrensby (1289381)", *National Heritage List for England*, retrieved 25 August 2024
* Historic England, "Long Cottage, Ferrensby (1150304)", *National Heritage List for England*, retrieved 25 August 2024
* Historic England (10 July 2024), *Listed Buildings*, retrieved 25 August 2024
* Leach, Peter; Pevsner, Nikolaus (2009). *Yorkshire West Riding: Leeds, Bradford and the North*. The Buildings of England. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-12665-5.


title: MMCH (film)

abstract: Premigalige MMCH is a 2018 Indian mystery-action thriller film directed by Mussanje Mahesh and starring Meghana Raj, Samyukta Hornad, Prathama, Nakshatra and Ragini Dwivedi. The film was dubbed in Telugu as Real Danduplayalm.

text:
# MMCH (film)

***Premigalige MMCH*** is a 2018 Indian mystery-action thriller film directed by Mussanje Mahesh and starring Meghana Raj, Samyukta Hornad, Prathama, Nakshatra and Ragini Dwivedi. The film was dubbed in Telugu as *Real Danduplayalm*.

## Cast

## Music

The music for the film was composed by V. Sridhar Sambhram.

Track listing
| No. | Title | Lyrics | Singer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Megha Megha" | Ghouse Peer | Shreya Ghoshal | 4:31 |
| 2. | "Challore Chamka" | V. Nagendra Prasad | Apoorva Sridhar, Rashmi N. Murthy | 4:43 |
| 3. | "Adrustakkondu Enhi Beku" | V. Sridhar Sambhram | Kailash Kher | 4:37 |
| 4. | "Gaali Beesi" | Ghouse Peer | Anup Dayanand | 4:15 |
| 5. | "Megha Megha Karaoke" |  |  | 4:31 |
| 6. | "Adrustakkondu Karaoke" |  |  | 4:37 |
| Total length: | | | | 27:14 |

## Reception

A critic from *Deccan Chronicle* wrote that "The only relief is watching women in action from beginning to end". A critic from *The News Minute* wrote that "Inconsistencies plague the movie, and there’s not a moment that lets you enjoy the proceedings". A critic from *The Times of India* wrote that "Director Mussanje Mahesh’s attempt to make a crime-thriller, female-centric movie based on a true story of the 1980s falls flat". A critic from *Bangalore Mirror* wrote that "This film has a bearable first half which makes way for a silly second half and finally assaults you with an embarrassing climax".

## InfoBox

| MMCH | |
| --- | --- |
| Official poster | |
| Directed by | Mussanje Mahesh |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Nagesh Acharya |
| Music by | V Sridhar Sambhram |
| Release date | * 13 July 2018 (2018-07-13) |
| Country | India |
| Language | Kannada |


title: The Escapist (2008 film)

abstract: The Escapist is a 2008 drama thriller film starring Brian Cox, Joseph Fiennes, Liam Cunningham, Seu Jorge, Dominic Cooper, Steven Mackintosh, Stephen Farrelly and Damian Lewis. It was directed and co-written by Rupert Wyatt and premiered at the 2008 Sundance Film Festival to considerable acclaim. An Irish-UK co-production, the film was produced by Alan Moloney of Parallel Films and Adrian Sturges of Picture Farm.

text:
# The Escapist (2008 film)

***The Escapist*** is a 2008 drama thriller film starring Brian Cox, Joseph Fiennes, Liam Cunningham, Seu Jorge, Dominic Cooper, Steven Mackintosh, Stephen Farrelly and Damian Lewis. It was directed and co-written by Rupert Wyatt and premiered at the 2008 Sundance Film Festival to considerable acclaim. An Irish-UK co-production, the film was produced by Alan Moloney of Parallel Films and Adrian Sturges of Picture Farm.

## Plot

The film runs two narratives simultaneously, preparation for the escape and the escape itself.

Frank Perry (Brian Cox) is a lifer and has long accepted that he will never see the outside again. When Perry receives his first letter in fourteen years that his cherished daughter is a drug addict and near death following an overdose, he starts to think about escaping. He plans an escape with help from Lenny Drake (Joseph Fiennes), Brodie (Liam Cunningham) and Viv Batista (Seu Jorge). But when Perry's new cellmate James Lacey (Dominic Cooper) gets noticed by Tony (the brother of the powerful inmate Rizza), things get more complicated and lead to Tony's death. When Perry receives the bad news that his daughter has died his plans change.

Perry nears freedom, as he climbs towards a London Underground exit. The story snaps back to the prison where Perry is offering himself to be killed by Rizza for failing to bring Lacey to him for punishment. The escape scenes were Perry's hallucinations as he was dying, and he sacrificed himself to cause distraction, allowing the other prisoners to escape.

## Cast and characters

* Brian Cox as Frank Perry. A solid and phlegmatic character, he holds his own, but neither attracts nor creates any trouble. He is a lifer and has long accepted that he will never see the outside again.
* Damian Lewis as Rizza. A ruthless convict who rules over the other inmates.
* Joseph Fiennes as Lenny Drake. A former thief and boxer.
* Seu Jorge as Viv Batista. The prison chemist.
* Liam Cunningham as Brodie. Perry's right-hand man and closest friend.
* Stephen Farrelly (credited as Sheamus O'Shaunessy) as Two Ton. The prison's reigning bare-knuckle boxing champion.
* Dominic Cooper as Lacey. A newly arrived prisoner and Frank's cellmate.
* Steven Mackintosh as Tony. Brother of Rizza, drug-addled and the source of much conflict.

## Production

### Writing

The role of Frank Perry was written specifically for Brian Cox.

In an interview with Trevor Groth, Wyatt said "The structure of the film's plot was inspired by a well-known short story written in the 19th century by Ambrose Bierce called *An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge*."

### Locations

Much of *The Escapist* was shot in Dublin's Kilmainham Gaol. A scene near the end is shot in the bascule chamber beneath Tower Bridge in London; it is exactly the same location where Wyatt's brother-in-law Boris Starling set the climax of his 2006 novel *Visibility*. The Kingsway tramway subway also features in the film.

### Extras

The film is noted for featuring not only Irish WWE wrestler Sheamus (billed under his real name, Stephen Farrelly) in a main role but also future UFC star Conor McGregor as an extra playing a prisoner.

## Music

The film features Leonard Cohen's version of "The Partisan" and British band Coldplay who wrote an eponymous song for the film which features on the end credits and on their bestselling album *Viva la Vida or Death and All His Friends* as a hidden track.

## Reception

### Critical reception

The film received a rating of 64% on Rotten Tomatoes based on 45 reviews. The site's consensus: "A tense, smart prison break movie, *The Escapist* is a sharp debut from director Rupert Wyatt".

### Box office

The North American box office total for the film was $13,439 with an additional $374,735 internationally for a worldwide total of $388,174.

### Awards

#### Wins

#### Nominations

## Remake

In 2015, it was announced that Liam Neeson will star in a remake with Wyatt as a producer.

## InfoBox

| The Escapist | |
| --- | --- |
| Official poster | |
| Directed by | Rupert Wyatt |
| Written by | Rupert Wyatt
Daniel Hardy |
| Produced by | Adrian Sturges
Alan Moloney |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Philipp Blaubach |
| Edited by | Joe Walker |
| Music by | Benjamin Wallfisch |
| Distributed by | Vertigo Films
IFC Films |
| Release date | * 20 June 2008 (2008-06-20) (United Kingdom) |
| Running time | 102 minutes |
| Countries | United Kingdom
Ireland |
| Language | English |
| Box office | $388,174 |


title: List of mayors of Vijayawada

abstract: The Mayor of Vijayawada heads Vijayawada Municipal Corporation which governs Indian city of Vijayawada. Mayor of Vijayawada is the first citizen of the city. Municipal Corporation mechanism in India was introduced during British Rule with formation of Madras (Chennai) in 1688, later followed by municipal corporations in Bombay (Mumbai) and Calcutta (Kolkata) by 1762. However the process of introduction for an elected President in the municipalities was made in Lord Mayo's Resolution of 1870. Since than the current form and structure of municipal bodies followed is similar to Lord Ripon's Resolution adopted in 1882 on local self-governance. The 74th Constitutional Amendment Act of 1992 was introduced to recognise Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) which included Municipal Corporations, Nagar Panchayats, Municipal Councils.

text:
# List of mayors of Vijayawada

The **Mayor of Vijayawada** heads Vijayawada Municipal Corporation which governs Indian city of Vijayawada. Mayor of Vijayawada is the first citizen of the city. Municipal Corporation mechanism in India was introduced during British Rule with formation of Madras (Chennai) in 1688, later followed by municipal corporations in Bombay (Mumbai) and Calcutta (Kolkata) by 1762. However the process of introduction for an elected President in the municipalities was made in Lord Mayo's Resolution of 1870. Since than the current form and structure of municipal bodies followed is similar to Lord Ripon's Resolution adopted in 1882 on local self-governance. The 74th Constitutional Amendment Act of 1992 was introduced to recognise Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) which included Municipal Corporations, Nagar Panchayats, Municipal Councils.

## Elections and tenure

Mayor of Vijayawada is elected by elected members of various wards of Municipal Corporation Vijayawada. The political partie's winning members in city's municipal council elections nominates one among each of them to contest for the post of Mayor of the Corporation. Rayana Bhagya Lakshmi was elected as the 12th Mayor at the first council meeting held after declaration of municipal elections results for Vijayawada Municipal Corporation. She is the fifth woman mayor of the corporation.

Vijayawada Municipal Corporation has 64 wards and each ward is represented by a corporator. Rayana Bhagya Lakshmi representing Yuvajana Sramika Rythu Congress Party (YSRCP), ruling political party of Andhra Pradesh won 49 corporators, opposition Telugu Desam Party won 14 Corporators and one each going to others.

## Roles and Responsibilities

Role of the mayor.

* Governs the local civic body.
* Fixed tenure varying in different towns.
* First citizen of city.
* Has two varied roles — Representation and upholding of the dignity of the city during ceremonial times and a presiding over discussions of the civic house with elected representatives in functional capacity.
* The Mayor’s role is confined to the corporation hall of presiding authority at various meetings relating to corporation.
* The Mayor’s role extends much beyond the local city and country as the presiding authority at corporation meetings during visits of a foreign dignitary to the city as he is invited by the state government to receive and represent the citizens to the guest of honour.
* At government, civic and other social functions he is given prominence.

## List of mayors

### List of mayors

| Sno. | Name | Tenure | | | Political Party | | Election | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Took office | Left office | Duration | || |
| Vijayawada Municipal Corporation | | | | | | | | |
| 1 | T. Venkateswara Rao | 1981 | 1983 | 2 years |  | Communist Party of India | 1 |  |
| 2 | Ayta Ramulu | 1983 | 1984 | | | | 1 year |  |
| 3 | Lanka Govindarajulu | 1984 | 1985 | | | | 1 year |  |
| 4 | Ayta Ramulu | 1985 | 1986 | | | | 1 year |  |
| 5 | Jandhyala Shankar | 1987 | 1992 | 5 years |  | Indian National Congress | 2 |  |
| 6 | T. Venkateswara Rao | 1995 | 2000 | 5 years |  | Communist Party of India | 3 |  |
| 7 | Panchumarthi Anuradha | 2000 | 7 October 2005 | 5 years |  | Telugu Desam Party | 4 |  |
| 8 | Tadi Shankuntala | 7 October 2005 | 1 November 2006 | 1 year, 25 days |  | Indian National Congress | 5 |  |
| 9 | Mallika Begum | 1 November 2006 | 17 December 2008 | | | | | 2 years, 46 days |
| 10 | M V Ratnabindu | 17 December 2008 | 2010 | | | | 2 years |  |
| 11 | Koneru Sreedhar | 3 July 2014 | 2 July 2019 | 4 years, 364 days |  | Telugu Desam Party | 6 |  |
| 12 | Rayana Bhagya Lakshmi | 18 March 2021 | *Incumbent* | 3 years, 197 days |  | YSR Congress Party |  |  |

### List of deputy mayors of VMC

| Name | Term Start | Term End | Party | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Gogula Venkata Rama Rao | 3 July 2014 | 18 March 2021 | Telugu Desam Party |  |
| Bellam Durga | 18 March 2021 | *Present* | YSR Congress Party |  |
| A. Sailaja Reddy | 5 August 2021 | *Present* | YSR Congress Party |  |

## InfoBox

| Mayor of Vijayawada | |
| --- | --- |
| Incumbent
Rayana Bhagya Lakshmi
since 18 March 2021 | |
| Reports to | Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh |
| Seat | Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India |
| Appointer | Councillors of VMC |
| Term length | Three years, renewable |
| Constituting instrument | Municipal Corporation Act |
| Website | https://vmc.ap.gov.in/welcome |


title: 1918 Alabama Crimson Tide baseball team

abstract: The 1918 Alabama Crimson Tide baseball team represented the Alabama Crimson Tide of the University of Alabama in the 1918 NCAA baseball season, winning the SIAA championship. Lena Styles was on the team.

text:
# 1918 Alabama Crimson Tide baseball team

The **1918 Alabama Crimson Tide baseball team** represented the Alabama Crimson Tide of the University of Alabama in the 1918 NCAA baseball season, winning the SIAA championship. Lena Styles was on the team.

## Schedule and results

| Legend | |
| --- | --- |
|  | Alabama win |
|  | Alabama loss |
|  | Tie |

| 1918 Alabama Crimson Tide baseball game log | |
| --- | --- |
|  |

1. 2009 Baseball Media Guide, p. 102

## InfoBox

| 1918 Alabama Crimson Tide baseball | |
| --- | --- |
| SIAA champion | |
| Conference | Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association |
| Record | 134 (62 SIAA) |
| Head coach |  |
|


title: Pick the Stars

abstract: Pick the Stars is a Canadian entertainment competition television series which aired on CBC Television from 1954 to 1957.

text:
# Pick the Stars

***Pick the Stars*** is a Canadian entertainment competition television series which aired on CBC Television from 1954 to 1957.

## Premise

Singers, dancers, musicians and other performers competed for cash prizes in this early Canadian talent show, replacing the 1952–54 series *Now's Your Chance*. Canada Packers was the series sponsor.

The competition for the first two seasons was structured as six sets of six episodes each. In each set, there were five episodes of general competitions. The winners of each of these episodes competed in a sixth semi-final episode. Following these 36 episodes were two episodes in which the semi-final winners competed, an finally a 39th episode in which two grand prize winners were determined.

For the first two seasons, contestants were judged by a panel at the studio. Semi-finalists were determined by mail sent by viewers. For the first season, panelists included Midge Arthur (wife and partner of entertainer and producer Jack Arthur), Herman Geiger-Torel (Royal Conservatory of Music), Clyde Gilmour (film critic) and Ernest Rawley (Royal Alexandra Theatre manager).

## Production

The half-hour series aired on Tuesday nights throughout its run, in either a 9 or 9:30 p.m. time slot.

## 1954-55 season

The first episode of *Pick the Stars* began on 28 September 1954 in its regular 9 p.m. Tuesday schedule.

For the first two seasons, Dick MacDougal (*Tabloid*) hosted the series while Samuel Hersenhoren conducted the house orchestra. Drew Crossan produced the first season.

$500 cash prizes were awarded to semi-final winners, for example Quebec singer Denise Anger won a semi-final on 29 March 1955.

Competitions of the semi-final winners were broadcast on 7 and 14 June 1955. The judging panel featured Jack Arthur, Leslie Bell, Clyde Gilmour, Gweneth Lloyd and Ruth Lowe.

Irene Andrian and Pat Morgan won the $1000 grand prizes on 21 June 1955 season finale at the Eaton Auditorium. Andrian was a singer who was already featured on CBC's *Tzigane* series while Morgan was a night club singer and presenter.

During the first season, *Globe and Mail* entertainment columnist Alex Barris noted an incident in which host Dick MacDougal wished a contestant with the words "good luck". However, MacDougal was reportedly forbidden from using that phrase since it was the brand name of a margarine product that competed with sponsor Canada Packers.

## 1955-56 season

The second season began on 27 September 1955, in a 9:30 p.m. Tuesday time slot. The set was updated to resemble a living room. Jim Guthro was the new series producer in the second season.

Robert Goulet competed on the show in November 1955. He earned a first place tie on that episode with Margot Leclair, a singer from Montreal.

Also in November 1955, conductor Sammy Hersenhoren's baton slipped, causing a significant self-inflicted injury to his right eye, although he continued to conduct until the end of the episode.

The second season concluded with a 19 June 1956 broadcast from Toronto's Odeon-Carlton Theatre. The grand prize winners were Vancouver singer Lorraine Foreman and British singers and dancers Peggy and Pat Doyle.

## 1956-57 season

CBC made unsuccessful attempts to broadcast the series from Toronto's Loews-Uptown theatre for the third season. Instead, the production originated from CBC's Studio 4 for its 25 September 1956 season debut. Pat Morgan, a 1955 grand prize winner, became the new series host. Lucio Agostini returned from music projects in the United States and replaced Hersenhoren as the series band conductor.

The judging system was changed for the third and final season of *Pick the Stars*. Three judges were now located in various Canadian cities outside the studio and communicated their votes through telephone calls. There was no longer a competition for the entire season but rather winners were determined per episode. An applause meter was also used to determine winners.

Auditions for potential contestants were conducted throughout Canada in late 1956, including St. John's, Newfoundland.

The episode on 25 December 1956 was produced at the Winnipeg Auditorium.

Episodes aired Tuesdays at 9:30 p.m. Its finale on 25 June 1957 featured performers Brian Beaton (folk singer), Reginald Bryant (singer), Nicholas Genovese (tenor singer) and Helen Valenaks (piano). CBC cancelled the series by August 1957.

## Notable guests

## InfoBox

| *Pick the Stars* | |
| --- | --- |
| Presented by | Dick MacDougal (1954-56)
Pat Morgan (1956-57) |
| Country of origin | Canada |
| Original language | English |
| No. of seasons | 3 |
| No. of episodes | 117 |
| Production | |
| Producers | Drew Crossan (1954-55)
Jim Guthro (1955-57) |
| Running time | 30 minutes |
| Original release | |
| Network | CBC Television |
| Release | 28 September 1954 (1954-09-28)
18 June 1957 (1957-06-18) |


title: Plumbeous warbler

abstract: The plumbeous warbler is a species of bird in the family Parulidae. It is found only in Dominica and Guadeloupe. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forest and subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest.

text:
# Plumbeous warbler

The **plumbeous warbler** (***Setophaga plumbea***) is a species of bird in the family Parulidae. It is found only in Dominica and Guadeloupe. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forest and subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest.

## InfoBox

| Plumbeous warbler | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Parulidae |
| Genus: | *Setophaga* |
| Species: | ***S. plumbea*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Setophaga plumbea***
(Lawrence, 1877) | |
|
|  | |
| Synonyms | |
| *Dendroica plumbea* | |