title: List of non-marine molluscs of Madeira

abstract:
The non-marine molluscs of Madeira are a part of the molluscan fauna of Madeira. This list includes whole Madeira Autonomous Region, that includes Madeira Island, Porto Santo Island, Desertas Islands and Savage Islands. A number of species of non-marine molluscs are found in the wild in Madeira. There are 56 species of gastropods: ?? species of freshwater gastropods, 56 species of land gastropods and ?? species of bivalves living in the wild. The degree of endemism for the area of Madeira is about 84%.
  - Summary table of number of species (Summary table is based on species counted in this list and include also those ones with question marks)

text:
# List of non-marine molluscs of Madeira

The **non-marine molluscs of Madeira** are a part of the molluscan fauna of Madeira (wildlife of Madeira). This list includes whole Madeira Autonomous Region, that includes Madeira Island, Porto Santo Island, Desertas Islands and Savage Islands.

A number of species of non-marine molluscs are found in the wild in Madeira.

There are 56 species of gastropods: ?? species of freshwater gastropods, 56 species of land gastropods (land snails) and ?? species of bivalves living in the wild.

The degree of endemism for the area of Madeira is about 84%.

Summary table of number of species

(Summary table is based on species counted in this list and include also those ones with question marks)

|  | Madeira |
| --- | --- |
| freshwater gastropods | ?? |
| land gastropods | 56 species of land snails |
| gastropods altogether | 56 |
| bivalves | ?? |
| **molluscs altogether** | **56** |
| non-indigenous gastropods in the wild | ?? freshwater and ?? land |
| non-indigenous hot-house alien gastropods | ? |
| non-indigenous bivalves in the wild | ? |
| non-indigenous hot-house alien bivalves | ? |
| non-indigenous molluscs altogether | ? |
|

## Freshwater gastropods

## Land gastropods

Discidae

Ferussaciidae

Lauriidae

Hygromiidae

Helicidae

* *Leptaxis simia hyaena* (R. T. Lowe, 1852) - The subspecies *Leptaxis simia hyaena* is globally extinct from Bugio, Madeira

## Bivalvia

Lists of molluscs of surrounding countries:

## Further reading

* Cameron R. A. D., Laurence M. Cook L. M., Goodfriend G. A. & Seddon M. B. (2006). "Fossil land snail faunas of Porto Santo, Madeiran archipelago: change and stasis in Pleistocene to recent times". *Malacologia* **49**(1): 25–59. doi:10.4002/1543-8120-49.1.25.
* Cameron R. A. D., da Cunha R.M.T. & Martins A. M. F. (2007). "Chance and necessity: land-snail faunas of São Miguel, Azores, compared with those of Madeira." *Journal of Molluscan Studies* **73**(1): 11–21. doi:10.1093/mollus/eyl027
* Cameron R. A. D., Cook L. M. & Gao G. (1996). "Variation in snail species widespread on Porto Santo, Madeiran archipelago." *Journal of Molluscan Studies* **62**: 143–150. abstract.
* Cockerell T. D. A. (May–June 1922). "Porto Santo and its snails". *Natural History*, New York. **22**(3): 268-270.
* Seddon M. B. (2008). "The landsnails of Madeira. An illustrated compendium of the landsnails and slugs of the Madeiran archipelago. Studies in Biodiversity and Systematics of Terrestrial Organisms from the National Museum of Wales". *BIOTIR Reports* **2**: 204 pp. ISBN 978-0-7200-0585-1.
    + book review: Cameron R. A. D. (2009). *Folia Malacologica* 17(1): 45–47. abstract


title: Wondul Range National Park

abstract: Wondul Range is a national park in Queensland, Australia, 209 km west of Brisbane. It is located in the Toowoomba Region local government area of the Darling Downs. The park aims to conserve open woodland species typical of the Western Downs. It lies within the water catchment area of the Macintyre River and Weir Rivers in the Brigalow Belt South bioregion. Whetstone State Forest lies to the south and Bulli State Forest to the west, both adjacent to the national park. A total of five rare or threatened species have been identified within Wondul Range National Park. The park has no facilities. The main recreational activities undertaken in the park are bird watching and wildlife observation.

text:
# Wondul Range National Park

**Wondul Range** is a national park in Queensland, Australia, 209 km west of Brisbane. It is located in the Toowoomba Region local government area of the Darling Downs. The park aims to conserve open woodland species typical of the Western Downs.

It lies within the water catchment area of the Macintyre River and Weir Rivers in the Brigalow Belt South bioregion. Whetstone State Forest lies to the south and Bulli State Forest to the west, both adjacent to the national park.

A total of five rare or threatened species have been identified within Wondul Range National Park. The park has no facilities. The main recreational activities undertaken in the park are bird watching and wildlife observation.

## InfoBox

| Wondul Range National Park
Queensland | |
| --- | --- |
| IUCN category II (national park) | |
| Wondul Range National Park | |
| Nearest town or city | Millmerran |
| Coordinates | 28°03′48″S 151°01′20″E / 28.06333°S 151.02222°E / -28.06333; 151.02222 |
| Established | 1992 |
| Area | 35.55 km2 (13.7 sq mi) |
| Managing authorities | Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service |
| See also | Protected areas of Queensland |


title: Ulrich II von Graben

abstract: Ulrich II von Graben was a Styrian noble, a member of the edelfrei Von Graben family. He held the titles as Lord of Kornberg and Graben, as well as burgrave of Gleichenberg, Rothenfels and Hohenwang.

text:
# Ulrich II von Graben

**Ulrich II von Graben** (before 1300 – c.1361) was a Styrian noble, a member of the *edelfrei* Von Graben family. He held the titles as Lord of Kornberg and Graben (near Novo Mesto in Lower Carniola), as well as burgrave of Gleichenberg, Rothenfels and Hohenwang.

## Life

### Origin and Family

He was the son of Ulrich I von Graben, burgrave of Gleichenberg, and his wife Gertrud (both died before 1325). His father had entered the service of the Lords of Walsee, a Swabian dynasty with extended properties in the Styrian lands, and from 1302 appeared as a vassal of the Stubenberg family.

Ulrich II was married with Barbara, daughter of Johann von Auersperg and Cimburgis Schauerpeck, and later with a Lady called Gertraud (died before 1375). He seemed to have left no children, as his heritage passed to his surviving brother Frederick and his nephew Frederick the Younger.

### Coat of arms

Ancient coat of armsCoat of arms as Lords of Kornberg, *Siebmachers Wappenbuch* (1605)Heraldic family tree of the Graben and their descendants

The joint purchase of Kornberg by the brothers Otto I, Ulrich II and Friedrich I in 1328 from *Friedrich Kornberger, together with the coat of arms and accessories* resulted in the adoption of a new coat of arms, the one with the shovel, the Spade. This could explain the deviating family coat of arms of the Kornberg line of the Lords of Graben and their descents in Lower Austria, Tyrol and the Netherlands (but not in Carinthia and East Tyrol) to the family coat of arms with the diagonal bar.

* Annotation:

From his mother Gertraud von Graben (Gertraud Grabner) her coat of arms seal with the diagonal bar from the year 1331 has been preserved.

### Career

Ulrich II was first mentioned in a 1300 deed, making donations to the Cistercian abbey of Rein in Styria. In 1314 he acquired the village of Wetzelsdorf. After 1325 he succeeded his father as Burgrave of In 1328, together with his brothers Otto and Frederick, he bought the Lordship (*Herrschaft*) and Castle of Kornberg with a new family coat of arms. The Kornberg fief remained the ancestral seat of the Styrian branch of the Graben family until the extinction of the line in 1556. Ulrich and his brothers also purchased the villages of Edelsbach and Krottendorf.

From 1343, Ulrich served as burgrave of Rothenfels, an estate then held by the Prince-Bishops of Freising. In 1354 he received the Styrian Burgraviate / Lordship and Castle of Hohenwang from the Habsburg duke Albert II of Austria in pawn.

Furthermore, Ulrich von Graben owned his family's ancient castle in Carniola, Graben Castle, near Novo mesto.

## Literature

* Adalbert Sikora: Die Herren vom Graben in Zeitschrift des historischen Vereines für Steiermark. 51. Jahrgang, Graz 1960


title: Tommy Tricker and the Stamp Traveller

abstract: Tommy Tricker and the Stamp Traveller is a 1988 Canadian fantasy adventure film written and directed by Michael Rubbo. It is the seventh in the Tales for All series of children's movies created by Les Productions la Fête.

text:
# Tommy Tricker and the Stamp Traveller

***Tommy Tricker and the Stamp Traveller*** is a 1988 Canadian fantasy adventure film written and directed by Michael Rubbo. It is the seventh in the *Tales for All* series of children's movies created by Les Productions la Fête.

## Plot

A young boy, Ralph, and his sister discover a magical ability to travel the world, riding within postage stamps. Complicated by a series of rules, they are soon lost in such far-flung places as Australia and China. Ralph has a stutter, and the film is essentially a coming-of-age story wherein Ralph can speak fluently by the film's end.

## Cast

## Soundtrack

The film features one of the first appearances of Rufus Wainwright. Wainwright also provides the song *I'm a Runnin'* and his sister, Martha Wainwright, provides the song "Tommy, Come Back" for the soundtrack.

## InfoBox

| Tommy Tricker and the Stamp Traveller | |
| --- | --- |
| VHS cover art | |
| Directed by | Michael Rubbo |
| Written by | Michael Rubbo |
| Produced by | Rock Demers |
| Starring | Lucas Evans
Anthony Rogers
Jill Stanley
Andrew Whitehead
Paul Popowich
Rufus Wainwright |
| Cinematography | Andreas Poulsson |
| Edited by | André Corriveau |
| Music by | Anna McGarrigle
Jane McGarrigle
Kate McGarrigle |
| Production
companies | Les Productions La Fête Inc.
Telefilm Canada
China Film Group Corporation |
| Release date | * 1988 (1988) |
| Running time | 105 minutes |
| Country | Canada |
| Language | English |
| Budget | C$3 million |


title: Out of My Mind (B.o.B song)

abstract: "Out of My Mind" is a song by American rapper B.o.B from his second studio album Strange Clouds (2012). The song features Trinidadian-born rapper Nicki Minaj and was produced by Dr. Luke and Billboard. "Out of My Mind" was the fifth single released from the album. The song was primarily written by B.o.B, Nicki Minaj, DJ Frank E, and Alex da Kid.

text:
# Out of My Mind (B.o.B song)

"**Out of My Mind**" is a song by American rapper B.o.B from his second studio album *Strange Clouds* (2012). The song features Trinidadian-born rapper Nicki Minaj and was produced by Dr. Luke and Billboard. "Out of My Mind" was the fifth single released from the album. The song was primarily written by B.o.B, Nicki Minaj, DJ Frank E, and Alex da Kid.

## Reception

"Out of My Mind" was met with generally positive reviews upon release, particularly due to Minaj's verse in the song. Some compared it to her verse on Kanye West's "Monster" where critics say Minaj "stole the show". Kyle Anderson of EW.com stated, "Out of My Mind is an impressive testament to \[B.o.B's\] infectious, unflappable cool. The guy knows how to hang in nearly every sonic situation, and master it — just like a real rock star." Anderson named "Out of My Mind" as one of the best tracks on the album, along with "So Hard to Breathe". According to the Universal Music Group, the song was written in 2009.

Andrew Unterberger gave the song a "3 star" rating, criticizing B.o.B, by saying, "Really, it was never a fair fight. B.o.B. seems like a very nice young man, but intimidatingly deranged he is not, and his verses (featuring couplets like 'I was doing fine / Until my brain left, and it didn't say bye' and 'I am a rebel but yes I'm so militant / Still I'm eligible for disabilities') are as convincing of his insanity as a 12-year-old telling an obviously fraudulent story of the action he got last summer at overnight camp." Unterberger also complimented Nicki Minaj's verse.

## Music video

The music video was directed by Benny Boom and was filmed in Detroit the week of July 16, 2012. A behind-the-scenes video was released on August 13. On August 10, B.o.B himself confirmed via Twitter that he would release the music video on August 15, but it failed to meet its premiere date. It is set in a mental hospital. In one scene, B.o.B is handcuffed to a wheelchair. In another, he is struggling in a straitjacket and a Hannibal Lecter-type mask. Minaj is also seen rapping alongside B.o.B. Minaj is referenced as "Dr. Minaj" for a brief moment in the video, just as her verse begins. The video made its full premiere on August 23, 2012 on BET's *106 & Park* and shortly after, uploaded to B.o.B's official YouTube account. Fans have noted that the song's lyrics and Minaj's role in the video are reminiscent of DC Comics supervillain Harley Quinn's origin story.

## Live performances

Minaj performed her verse in a medley on her Pink Friday: Reloaded Tour.

## Chart performance

| Chart (2012) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| UK Singles Chart (Official Charts Company) | 197 |
| UK R&B (Official Charts Company) | 30 |

## InfoBox

| "Out of My Mind" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by B.o.B featuring Nicki Minaj | |
| from the album  *Strange Clouds* | |
| Released | October 8, 2012 |
| Recorded | 2012 |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 3:36 |
| Label |  |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Producer(s) |  |
| B.o.B singles chronology | |
| "Both of Us"
(2012) "**Out of My Mind**"
(2012) "We Still in This Bitch"
(2012) | |
|  | |
| Nicki Minaj singles chronology | |
| "Pound the Alarm"
(2012) "**Out of My Mind**"
(2012) "The Boys"
(2012) | |
| Audio sample | |
| "Out of My Mind" | |
|  | |


title: Vadapadimangalam estate

abstract: Vadapadimangalam estate was a mirasdari estate in the Tiruvarur district of Tamil Nadu, India. It was owned by a Mudaliar family of the Vellalar caste. The estate originated as a grant of land to the family who operated as Pattakdars or revenue collectors on behalf of the Thanjavur Maratha ruler Thuljaji. Vadapadimangalam estate covered a total area of 8,004 acres in 1951 and was one of the largest estates in the erstwhile Tanjore district of Madras Presidency, British India alongside Poondi, Ukkadai and Kunniyur.

text:
# Vadapadimangalam estate

**Vadapadimangalam estate** was a *mirasdari* estate in the Tiruvarur district of Tamil Nadu, India. It was owned by a Mudaliar family of the Vellalar caste. The estate originated as a grant of land to the family who operated as *Pattakdars* or revenue collectors on behalf of the Thanjavur Maratha ruler Thuljaji.

Vadapadimangalam estate covered a total area of 8,004 acres in 1951 and was one of the largest estates in the erstwhile Tanjore district of Madras Presidency, British India alongside Poondi, Ukkadai and Kunniyur.

* Kathleen Gough (2008). *Rural Society in Southeast India*. Cambridge University Press. p. 42. ISBN 978-0-521-04019-8.


title: Lesley Cohen (politician)

abstract: Lesley Cohen is a Democratic member of the Nevada Assembly, serving since 2016. The Clark County Commission appointed Cohen to the Assembly after the resignation of April Mastroluca following the 2012 general election. Republican Stephen Silberkraus defeated Cohen in the 2014 general election by more than 1,300 votes but she retook the seat in the 2016 election by 212 votes. Cohen is also a divorce attorney.

text:
# Lesley Cohen (politician)

**Lesley Cohen** (born December 22, 1970) is a Democratic member of the Nevada Assembly, serving since 2016 (and previously from 2013 until 2014). The Clark County Commission appointed Cohen to the Assembly after the resignation of April Mastroluca following the 2012 general election. Republican Stephen Silberkraus defeated Cohen in the 2014 general election by more than 1,300 votes but she retook the seat in the 2016 election by 212 votes. Cohen is also a divorce attorney.

## InfoBox

| Lesley E. Cohen | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Member of the Nevada Assembly
from the 29th district | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
November 9, 2016 | |
| Preceded by | Stephen Silberkraus |
| **In office**
2013–2014 | |
| Preceded by | April Mastroluca |
| Succeeded by | Stephen Silberkraus |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1970-12-22) December 22, 1970
New York City, U.S. |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Residence(s) | Henderson, Nevada, U.S. |
| Alma mater | University of Nevada, Reno
Depaul University |
| Profession | Divorce Attorney |
| Website |  |
|  | |


abstract: Sweet Honey in the Rock: Raise Your Voice is a 2005 television documentary. It was produced by Firelight Media and directed by Stanley Nelson for the PBS series American Masters. The film chronicles the history, music, and cultural impact of Sweet Honey in the Rock, a Grammy Award-winning African American female a cappella group with musical roots combining jazz, blues and sacred songs of the black church such as spirituals, hymns, and gospel. The documentary uses concert footage and rehearsals, archival stills, and reflections by ensemble members, as well as interviews with scholars and cultural commentators. It is intended to introduce the viewer to the group's performance style and activism, and "the organization's significance as a national institution".

text:
# Sweet Honey in the Rock: Raise Your Voice

***Sweet Honey in the Rock: Raise Your Voice*** is a 2005 television documentary. It was produced by Firelight Media and directed by Stanley Nelson for the PBS series *American Masters*.

The film chronicles the history, music, and cultural impact of Sweet Honey in the Rock, a Grammy Award-winning African American female a cappella group with musical roots combining jazz, blues and sacred songs of the black church such as spirituals, hymns, and gospel. The documentary uses concert footage and rehearsals, archival stills, and reflections by ensemble members, as well as interviews with scholars and cultural commentators. It is intended to introduce the viewer to the group's performance style and activism, and "the organization's significance as a national institution".


abstract: The non-marine molluscs of Madagascar are a part of the molluscan fauna of Madagascar. In tropical rainforests of Madagascar, there is high diversity of species of terrestrial gastropods and many species has low population density, so many of them are "extremely rare". About 50% of land snails in Madagascar are related to land snails in Africa.

text:
# List of non-marine molluscs of Madagascar

The **non-marine molluscs of Madagascar** are a part of the molluscan fauna of Madagascar (wildlife of Madagascar).

In tropical rainforests of Madagascar, there is high diversity of species of terrestrial gastropods and many species has low population density, so many of them are "extremely rare".

About 50% of land snails in Madagascar are related to land snails in Africa.

## Freshwater gastropods

Pachychilidae

the genus *Madagasikara* is endemic to Madagascar, 5 species

Planorbidae – there are 4 species of *Bulinus*:

Lymnaeidae

## Land gastropods

Megalomastomatidae

Cyclophoridae the genus *Boucardicus* is endemic to Madagascar, consist 199 species and 5 subspecies

Assimineidae

Hydrocenidae

Pomatiidae

Veronicellidae

* a veronicellid sp. or spp.

Orculidae

Succineidae

Subulinidae

Cerastidae

Achatinidae

Streptaxidae

Acavidae

Charopidae

Ariophantidae

Helicarionidae

## Freshwater bivalves

Sphaeriidae


title: Woolsheds, South Australia

abstract: Woolsheds is a locality in the lower Mid North of South Australia north of the road between Gawler and Mallala. The Country Fire Service shed at Woolsheds is signed as Woolsheds-Wasleys. It is across the road from the former Woolsheds Methodist Church. The church was originally in the Gawler then Gawler West Methodist circuits and later in the Hamley Bridge then Adelaide Plains Methodist circuits, but has been closed for many years. The church was built in 1875 as a Bible Christian chapel. It became Methodist on church union in 1901. The church received the name "woolsheds" due to it being near to the woolshed on a neighbouring property.

text:
# Woolsheds, South Australia

**Woolsheds** is a locality in the lower Mid North of South Australia north of the road between Gawler and Mallala.

The Country Fire Service shed at Woolsheds is signed as Woolsheds-Wasleys. It is across the road from the former Woolsheds Methodist Church.

The church was originally in the Gawler then Gawler West Methodist circuits and later in the Hamley Bridge then Adelaide Plains Methodist circuits, but has been closed for many years. The church was built in 1875 as a Bible Christian chapel. It became Methodist on church union in 1901. The church (and hence the locality) received the name "woolsheds" due to it being near to the woolshed on a neighbouring property.

## InfoBox

| Woolsheds<br>South Australia | |
| --- | --- |
| Former Woolsheds Methodist Church | |
| Woolsheds | |
| Coordinates | 34°29′S 138°38′E / 34.48°S 138.64°E / -34.48; 138.64 |
| Population | 27 (SAL 2021) |
| Postcode(s) | 5400 |
| Location | 18 km (11 mi) northwest of Gawler |
| LGA(s) | Light Regional Council |
| State electorate(s) | Schubert |
| Federal division(s) | Grey |
| **Localities around Woolsheds:**  Pinkerton Plains    Redbanks Woolsheds Wasleys  Fischer Reeves Plains | |
| Footnotes |  |


title: T-Fiber

abstract: Telangana Fiber Grid or T-Fiber is a flagship program by Government of Telangana to provide high speed Internet across the state. It was expected to be completed by end of 2019. The project will help connect 23 million people with government to government, government to citizens services and the range of other applications.

text:
# T-Fiber

**Telangana Fiber Grid** or **T-Fiber** is a flagship program by Government of Telangana to provide high speed Internet across the state. It was expected to be completed by end of 2019. The project will help connect 23 million people with government to government, government to citizens services and the range of other applications.

## History

It started in 2017 with pilot project started in Maheshwaram Mandal in Rangareddy district by IT minister, K. T. Rama Rao. It provides internet access to improve health and education by bringing telemedicine and educational opportunities to more people in rural areas.

## The project

The project is accomplished by laying 62,000 miles of fiber-optic cable in more than 22,000 villages. The fiber optic line along with drinking water project, Mission Bhagiratha. The large black pipe is for water and a blue pipe has fiber optic cable.

## InfoBox

| T-Fiber | |
| --- | --- |
| Type of project | Internet connectivity to 23 million people |
| Location | Telangana, India |
| Founder | Government of Telangana |
| Chief Minister | Anumula Revanth Reddy |
| Ministry | Ministry of Information Technology |
| Established | 12 March 2015 (2015-03-12) |
| Status | Active |
| Website | Official website |


title: Toni (talk show)

abstract: Toni was a Philippine talk show hosted and produced by Toni Gonzaga. The show aired on ALLTV from October 3, 2022 to July 28, 2023.

text:
# Toni (talk show)

***Toni*** was a Philippine talk show hosted and produced by Toni Gonzaga. The show aired on ALLTV from October 3, 2022 to July 28, 2023.

## Final host

Final hostToni Gonzaga served as the host and a producer.

## InfoBox

| *Toni* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Genre | Talk show |
| Written by | Trisha Gambino-Uy |
| Directed by | Jake Soriano |
| Presented by | Toni Gonzaga |
| Country of origin | Philippines |
| Original language | Filipino |
| No. of episodes | 140 |
| Production | |
| Executive producer | AC Sales |
| Producers |  |
| Running time | 1 hour |
| Production company | Toni Gonzaga Studios (TGS) |
| Original release | |
| Network | ALLTV |
| Release | October 3, 2022 (2022-10-03) <br>July 28, 2023 (2023-07-28) |


title: Paraclinus grandicomis

abstract: Paraclinus grandicomis, the horned blenny, is a perciform marine species of labrisomid blenny native to reefs of the Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea. It is a benthic fish so it cruises along above the sandy or rocky seabed and foraging for crustaceans.

text:
# Paraclinus grandicomis

***Paraclinus grandicomis***, the **horned blenny**, is a perciform marine species of labrisomid blenny native to reefs of the Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea. It is a benthic fish so it cruises along above the sandy or rocky seabed and foraging for crustaceans.

## Habitat

The horned blenny can be commonly found in shallow waters, between 0 to 3 meters, inhabiting sponges, corals, and sea anemones. Its habitat choice relies on the abundance of food and shelter from predators, that is why it can be observed occupying seabed clams, oysters, shells, and submerged vegetation like mangroves and seagrass.

## Geographic Distribution

The Paraclinus grandicomis inhabits tropical waters that range from Southern Florida through the Lesser Antilles. This species dwells in tropical (10-23N) and subtropical (23-35N) climate zones.

## Physical Description

The horned blenny is a brown colored fish covered in pale mottling all over its body and head, Dorsal, anal, and tail fins have dark brown bases, and pale or clear edges. This species is characterized by having elongated snouts that are blunt at the end and a singular large horn called the maxillary bone branching from their heads, additionally thin strands of cirrus cover the nostrils and line its stalk from eyes to dorsal fin. The blenny’s spine is composed of 34-35 small vertebrae, giving it a maximum length of only 4 centimeters.

## Ecology

The horned blenny, as well as some other Caribbean reef fishes, have developed behavioral and physiological adaptations that make them immune to stings of sea anemones. The acclimation process can take several minutes to several hours of being stung repeatedly by an anemone tentacle to build resistance.

## Feeding

Horned blennies are carnivorous fish that do not only feast on seabed worms but also benthic crustacea; both of these food sources can be found in large quantities at the sea floor of shallow waters where most blennies live.

## Sexual Dimorphism

Typically the length of the protruding maxillary bone of blennies is longer in males than in females of the same species, however, proportional differences are maintained among species. the horned blenny, both male and female have their horns located on the anterior half of the skull orbit.

## InfoBox

| *Paraclinus grandicomis* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Blenniiformes |
| Family: | Labrisomidae |
| Genus: | *Paraclinus* |
| Species: | ***P. grandicomis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Paraclinus grandicomis***
(N. Rosén, 1911) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Auchenopterus grandicomis* N. Rosén, 1911 | |


title: Ochromolopis ramapoella

abstract: Ochromolopis ramapoella is a moth in the family Epermeniidae. It was described by William D. Kearfott in 1903. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Alberta, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Manitoba, Michigan, New York, Ohio and Quebec. The wingspan is about 15 mm. The forewings are light gray irrorated (speckled) with white and slightly sprinkled with dark fuscous. There are some slight dots of blackish irroration along the costa and black dots in the disc at one-third, two-thirds and three-fourths, the last larger. The apical fourth has clouded purplish-gray suffusion and scattered dark fuscous scales. The hindwings are gray. Adults are on wing from May to July. The larvae feed on the fruit of Comandra umbellata.

text:
# Ochromolopis ramapoella

***Ochromolopis ramapoella*** is a moth in the family Epermeniidae. It was described by William D. Kearfott in 1903. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from Alberta, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Manitoba, Michigan, New York, Ohio and Quebec.

The wingspan is about 15 mm. The forewings are light gray irrorated (speckled) with white and slightly sprinkled with dark fuscous. There are some slight dots of blackish irroration along the costa and black dots in the disc at one-third, two-thirds and three-fourths, the last larger. The apical fourth has clouded purplish-gray suffusion and scattered dark fuscous scales. The hindwings are gray. Adults are on wing from May to July.

The larvae feed on the fruit of *Comandra umbellata*.

## InfoBox

| *Ochromolopis ramapoella* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Epermeniidae |
| Genus: | *Ochromolopis* |
| Species: | ***O. ramapoella*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Ochromolopis ramapoella***<br>(Kearfott, 1903) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Epimenia ramapoella* Kearfott, 1903 * *Epermenia ramapoella* Kearfott, 1903 * *Epermenia bidentata* Braun, 1926 * *Epermenia metrothetis* Meyrick, 1921 | |


abstract: "Out of My Mind" is episode 4 of season 5 of the television show Buffy the Vampire Slayer. The episode aired on October 17, 2000, on The WB.

text:
# Out of My Mind (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)

"**Out of My Mind**" is episode 4 of season 5 of the television show *Buffy the Vampire Slayer*. The episode aired on October 17, 2000, on The WB.

## Plot

At a cemetery, Buffy stalks her vampire prey, killing several new vampires with a little unwanted help from both Riley and Spike. Riley demonstrates quite a bit of enthusiasm and new strength while fighting, while Buffy simply orders Spike to stay out of her way.

Buffy arrives at The Magic Box to train and is pleasantly surprised to see that the backroom has been transformed into an amazing training room. Harmony seeks Spike and his help because she is frightened that Buffy is out to destroy her. The two conspire to kill the Slayer. Joyce is chatting while making breakfast for Dawn, and, in the midst of a sentence, suddenly asks, "Who are you?" before collapsing onto the floor.

At the hospital, an intern, Ben, informs Buffy and Riley that Joyce will be fine, but that doctors are not sure what caused her to collapse. Dawn is playing with a stethoscope and when she listens to Riley's heart, she finds that it is racing much faster than normal. After listening to Riley's heart, a doctor recommends that he stay in the hospital, as tachycardia puts him at high risk of a heart attack, but Riley disregards their concerns. Buffy tries to think of a way to help Riley and finally resolves to go to Riley's place and contacts the Initiative via the bugs in his room. Still part of the government, Graham tries to force Riley to see a doctor, but Riley is stronger than Graham and the other agents and gets away. After speaking with Graham later that day, Buffy takes it upon herself to get Riley to a doctor before he dies. Buffy gives Spike information about the doctor that can help Riley hoping that the vampire could help find Riley and bring him there. Instead, Spike and Harmony kidnap the doctor in order to force him to remove Spike's chip.

Searching for Riley in the ruins of the high school, Willow uses a "Fiat Lux" ("Let there be light") spell to create light rather than use a flashlight. Tara is concerned by this.

Buffy finds Riley in the Initiative caves, punching into rock because he cannot feel any pain. He tells her that he is afraid he will not be enough for her once he lets the doctors operate on him. After convincing Riley to get medical attention, Buffy brings him to the hospital and finds Dr. Overheiser gone. Just after Overheiser finishes sewing up Spike's skull, Buffy arrives with Riley and a fight ensues. As he tries to bite the Slayer, Spike finds that the doctor only pretended to remove the chip from his head. When Riley suffers a heart attack and collapses while fighting Harmony, Buffy and the doctor immediately turn their attention to him. With the humans distracted, an enraged Spike escapes with Harmony, ranting about his disgust with Buffy and his weariness with how she is seemingly the source of everything wrong with his life. The doctor is able to operate successfully on Riley. Later, Graham talks with Riley and releases him from the Initiative.

Afterwards, Buffy goes to Spike's crypt with the intention of staking him; however, when she confronts him, he angrily tells her to kill him. Spike angrily berates Buffy as the source of his torment and yells that he would rather die and be free of her. However, Buffy cannot bring herself to do it and the pair kiss. Suddenly Spike wakes up beside a still sleeping Harmony; he has merely suffered a nightmare, but Spike is mortified at the thought of having feelings for Buffy.

## InfoBox

| "**Out of My Mind**" | |
| --- | --- |
| *Buffy the Vampire Slayer* episode | |
| Episode no. | Season 5<br>Episode 4 |
| Directed by | David Grossman |
| Written by | Rebecca Rand Kirshner |
| Production code | 5ABB04 |
| Original air date | October 17, 2000 (2000-10-17) |
| Guest appearances | |
|  | |
|
|


title: Utility sound technician

abstract: A utility sound technician is a person to both the production sound mixer and the boom operator on a film or television set. Although sometimes the utility pulls cable and wrangles it for the boom operator, the position has evolved to far more than just a cableperson. The utility is a jack of all trades, assisting in setting up, operating and maintaining the running order of equipment, often acting as a second boom operator, or even second mixer, and also repairing and servicing equipment such as cables and hardware as necessary. As both mixer and boom operator(s) may be busy with their tasks at any given time, the utility may also apply or adjust personal microphones or actors' wireless transmitters, may move microphones or assist in running cables, and may liaise with other departments on issues such as noise minimisation and set lockdown. A utility may start their career as some form of trainee and move on to utility as their competency increases, or may start as a utility if their experience and knowledge permits. In studio based television production, the route for promotion from sound assistant is to sound technician/operator, and finally to sound supervisor. Formal qualifications are not specified for technicians in studio environments, although employers typically look for basic numeracy and literacy, and a solid foundation in maths and physics. Many applicants have A levels/H grades or have taken courses to certificate, diploma or degree level, such as ft2. As the film and big budget narrative television industries are typically less corporate in nature than studio based television, utility technicians may have no training other than their experience from simply working in the sound department. In production sound, utilities are a "3rd" position, with the boom operator being "2nd", and mixer the "key" or "1st" position in a sound department, and they assist the 2nd and key. A more specific, non-exhaustive list of duties on production sound environments for Utility Sound Tech includes handling most of the day-to-day operations outside of cameras rolling such as setting up carts for the day's work, ordering expendables from production, setting up bell and light system, setting up playback systems, wiring actors, filling out daily timecards for the sound department, cleaning equipment, finding extraneous noisemakers, rigging hidden "plant" microphones on sets and picture vehicles, tracking equipment repairs and losses, coordinating frequencies, wrapping gear, and representing the sound department when the Production Sound Mixer and Boom Operator are not available. A utility sound technician typical makes between $20-$60 an hour with overtime after 8 hours and double time after 12 hours. This varies depending on their exact role and production budget. Usually the production sound mixer will hire boom operator(s) and utility technicians that they know and trust, although one may be provided by the production in some cases.

text:
# Utility sound technician

A **utility sound technician** is a person to both the production sound mixer and the boom operator on a film or television set. Although sometimes the utility pulls cable and wrangles it for the boom operator, the position has evolved to far more than just a cableperson. The utility is a jack of all trades, assisting in setting up, operating and maintaining the running order of equipment, often acting as a second boom operator, or even second mixer, and also repairing and servicing equipment such as cables and hardware as necessary. As both mixer and boom operator(s) may be busy with their tasks at any given time, the utility may also apply or adjust personal microphones or actors' wireless transmitters, may move microphones or assist in running cables, and may liaise with other departments on issues such as noise minimisation and set lockdown.

A utility may start their career as some form of trainee and move on to utility as their competency increases, or may start as a utility if their experience and knowledge permits. In studio based television production, the route for promotion from sound assistant is to sound technician/operator, and finally to sound supervisor. Formal qualifications are not specified for technicians in studio environments, although employers typically look for basic numeracy and literacy, and a solid foundation in maths and physics. Many applicants have A levels/H grades or have taken courses to certificate, diploma or degree level, such as ft2 (Freelance Film and Television Training). As the film and big budget narrative television industries are typically less corporate in nature than studio based television, utility technicians may have no training other than their experience from simply working in the sound department.

In production sound (on-set film and TV recording, as opposed to post-production re-recording), utilities are a "3rd" position, with the boom operator being "2nd", and mixer the "key" or "1st" position in a sound department, and they assist the 2nd and key. A more specific, non-exhaustive list of duties on production sound environments for Utility Sound Tech includes handling most of the day-to-day operations outside of cameras rolling such as setting up carts for the day's work, ordering expendables from production, setting up bell and light system, setting up playback systems, wiring actors (rigging tiny wireless microphones hidden on actor's costumes), filling out daily timecards for the sound department, cleaning equipment, finding extraneous noisemakers, rigging hidden "plant" microphones on sets and picture vehicles, tracking equipment repairs and losses, coordinating frequencies, wrapping gear, and representing the sound department when the Production Sound Mixer and Boom Operator are not available.

A utility sound technician typical makes between $20-$60 an hour with overtime after 8 hours and double time after 12 hours. This varies depending on their exact role and production budget. Usually the production sound mixer will hire boom operator(s) and utility technicians that they know and trust, although one may be provided by the production in some cases.


title: Leticia Torres (footballer)

abstract: Leticia Francisca Torres Mandiola is a Chilean former footballer who played as a defender.

text:
# Leticia Torres (footballer)

**Leticia Francisca Torres Mandiola** (born 30 May 1994) is a Chilean former footballer who played as a defender.

## Club career

As a youth player, Torres and her sister were with club Santa Rosa from Las Condes, Chile, before joining Universidad Católica in 2008. In 2012, she moved to the United States and played for San Francisco Dons.

She spent two years not playing football due to an ankle injury before joining Danish club Boldklubben af 1893 in 2018.

## International career

She was captain of the U17 team, who was the first team to qualify to a World Cup in 2010. She was captain on the U20 teams in 2012 and 2014 and was part of the full team that participated in the Copa America in 2014.

## Personal life

Her grandfather, Jaime Mandiola, was a top goalscorer at the Universidad Católica youth ranks.

## Honours

**Chile**

## InfoBox

Leticia Torres
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Leticia Francisca Torres Mandiola | | |
| Date of birth | (1994-05-30) 30 May 1994 | | |
| Place of birth | Chile | | |
| Height | 1.69 m (5 ft 7 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Defender | | |
| Youth career | | | |
|  | Santa Rosa | | |
|  | Universidad Católica | | |
| College career | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2012–2015 | San Francisco Dons |  |  |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2008–2011 | Universidad Católica |  |  |
| 2018 | Boldklubben af 1893 |  |  |
| International career | | | |
| 2008–2010 | Chile U17 | 10 | (0) |
| 2010–2014 | Chile U20 | 14 | (0) |
| 2011–2014 | Chile | 11 | (0) |
| Medal record      Women's football  Representing   Chile  South American Games  2014 Santiago Team | | | |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Swatara Furnace

abstract: The Swatara Furnace is a historic iron furnace and 200-acre national historic district located along Mill Creek, a tributary of the Swatara Creek in Pine Grove Township, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania. The first charcoal furnace to be erected in Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, the Swatara Furnace and its related buildings were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.

text:
# Swatara Furnace

The **Swatara Furnace** is a historic iron furnace and 200-acre national historic district located along Mill Creek, a tributary of the Swatara Creek in Pine Grove Township, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania.

The first charcoal furnace to be erected in Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, the Swatara Furnace and its related buildings were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.

## History

The Swatara Furnace and ironmaster's mansion, the first two of the structures to be erected along Mill Creek and which now make up part of the Swatara Furnace Historic District, were built circa 1830, creating an "iron plantation," which was typical of the furnace-ironmaster home complexes erected across eastern and central Pennsylvania during the early to mid-nineteenth century. The furnace, which was established sometime around 1830 by Dr. George N. Eckert, a Whig member of the U.S. House of Representatives, and Simeon Guilford, was "a significant regional furnace from 1830 until its demise c. 1860," according to a 1991 report by Diane B. Reed, a historic preservation specialist with the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission (PHMC). A short time later, it was "converted to a forge and foundry where once famous Swatara stoves were cast and finished." According to J. H. Beers' *Biographical Annals of Lebanon County*, "Simeon Guilford … was for many years prominently identified with the iron business of Pennsylvania, and won public approval as a skilled and reliable civil engineer." Employed in that capacity prior to 1823 during the construction of the Erie Canal, he subsequently secured work as the principal assistant to the Union Canal's chief engineer, Canvas White. Shortly thereafter, Guilford was employed by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, charged with surveying the route of the canal which ran from Clark's Ferry on the Susquehanna River to Northumberland. It was also during this period (between 1825 and 1832) that Guilford "discovered the celebrated Chestnut Hill iron ore, on the Greider farm, near Columbia, Pa., which he owned for some years," according to Beers' *Annals*, as well as "three other fine deposits of hematite ore, in Lebanon County." Partnering with Eckert from 1830 to 1831, Guilford then "erected in the Swatara Valley, in Schuylkill County, the 'Swatara Furnace' for the manufacture of iron by charcoal, and here pig iron and such castings as stoves, water pipes, etc., were produced in large quantities, this establishment remaining in operation for twenty years."

Per Richard C. Taylor, president of the board of directors of the Dauphin and Susquehanna Coal Company in his 1840 reports "on the Coal Lands, Mines and Improvements" of that company, "the Swatara furnace, of Messrs. Guilford & Eckert" was "used with the hot blast" and produced "about twelve hundred tons of iron annually." The ore was "partly brown haematite from Chestnut Hill near Columbia, brought seventy miles, and partly from near Lebanon, about thirty-two miles."

Production at the furnace ceased in 1853, ending both the partnership between Guilford and Eckert and roughly two decades of furnace operation.

### Listing on the National Register of Historic Places

PHMC historic preservation specialist Diane Reed was the individual who prepared the National Register of Historic Places Registration Form for this district; she submitted it to the National Park Service of the United States Department of the Interior on March 21, 1991. The Swatara Furnace Historic District was then officially added to the National Register of Historic Places in July 1992. At the time the register listing was announced, newspapers also reported that members of the Pine Grove Historical Society and Pennsylvania Game Commission were working together "to reopen the park and maintain the furnace" as part of regional preservation efforts to preserve the historic structures located along Mill Creek.

## Notable structures

The four contributing buildings of the Swatara Furnace Historic District are located along both sides of Mill Creek, and include: the furnace (1830), stone dam breast (c. 1850), ironmaster's mansion (c. 1830, c. 1860, c. 1881, and c. 1969), barn (c. 1860), stone foreman's house (c. 1830), and stone worker's double house (c. 1830). The furnace, which was built in 1830 roughly 150 feet south of Mill Creek, was constructed of limestone, and measures 29 feet, 7 inches, wide, 29 feet, 8 inches, deep, and 22 feet high.

The original section of the ironmaster's mansion, which was built circa 1830 (around the same time as the furnace), was a 2-1/2 story stone structure which was "two bays wide … with six over six windows." The home's 3-1/2 story eastern section, which was subsequently added circa 1860, was "three bays wide, and four bays deep, forming an ell … with six over six windows and with shutters." A frame construction which added 2-1/2 stories to the home's north side was likely built at roughly the same time (c. 1860), according to PHMC historic preservation specialist Diane Reed.

The stone dam breast, which was described on the district planning committee's application for National Register placement as "one of the most unusual features of the historic district," is a "stone battered-wall dam breast" which was built "to replace an earlier earthen dam which was apparently washed out during one of the periodic floods on the creek." Mostly destroyed by a flood which occurred sometime around 1860, "a substantial portion of the dam breast still remains on the northwest bank of the creek."

The two non-contributing buildings in this district are a single pen, one-story log cabin, which was built circa 1933, and the water control house, a brick structure which was erected in 1960 and was still in use by the City of Lebanon's water department at the time of the district's 1991 placement on the National Register.

### Later changes to the property and existing structures

The ironmaster's mansion was altered further, following the property's 1881 purchase by Mahlon Boyer, who wrapped a porch-veranda around the home's eastern, southern and western sides. The rear of the original 1830 building was then expanded in 1969 with the addition of a one-story laundry room with flat roof. By 1991 when planners were applying for historic district status with the National Register, the home was being operated as a bed and breakfast. The ironmaster’s mansion was later owned by the Lebanon City Authority until it was sold at auction to Tyler Bouldin in October 2020. Following the sale, the restoration of the mansion was featured in a series of videos on social media under the name The Forge House. As of 2023, the mansion is a private residence.

In 2016, the Lebanon City Authority, Swatara State Parks, Pine Grove Historical Society, Friends of Memorial Lake, Oak Grove Sportsmen's Association, Old Forge Fishing Club, and Pennsylvania Game Commission joined together to launch a preservation initiative to protect and restore the historic Swatara Forge.

* Swatara Furnace Historic District data from the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission Cultural Resources Database, captured by *Philadelphia Architects and Buildings* (PAB) project of the Athenaeum of Philadelphia, including four exterior photos of the ironmaster's mansion from the September 6, 1991, listing of the historic district in the National Register of Historic Places
* Swatara Furnace data from PAB, including one photo from the September 6, 1991, listing in the National Register of Historic Places
* SWATARA FORGE - Iron Furnace Ruins on Waymarking.com

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Swatara Furnace | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| U.S. Historic district | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Nearest city | Old Forge Road east of Lebanon Reservoir, north of Suedberg, Pine Grove Township, Pennsylvania |
| Coordinates | 40°32′35″N 76°29′27″W / 40.54306°N 76.49083°W / 40.54306; -76.49083 |
| Area | 20 acres (8.1 ha) |
| Built | 1830 |
| Architectural style | Iron furnace |
| MPS | Iron and Steel Resources of Pennsylvania MPS |
| NRHP reference No. | 91001140 |
| Added to NRHP | September 6, 1991 |


title: List of non-marine molluscs of Malta

abstract: The non-marine molluscs of Malta are a part of the molluscan fauna of Malta. A number of species of non-marine molluscs are found in the wild in Malta. There are 78 species of gastropods, 15 species of freshwater gastropods, 62 species of land gastropods) and 2 species of bivalves living in the wild. There are 5 non-indigenous species of gastropods. There are no non-indigenous species of bivalves in the wild in Malta.

text:
# List of non-marine molluscs of Malta

The **non-marine molluscs of Malta** are a part of the molluscan fauna of Malta (wildlife of Malta).

A number of species of non-marine molluscs are found in the wild in Malta. There are 78 species of gastropods, 15 species of freshwater gastropods, 62 species of land gastropods) and 2 species of bivalves living in the wild.

There are 5 non-indigenous species of gastropods (2 freshwater and 2 land species). There are no non-indigenous species of bivalves in the wild in Malta.

Summary table of number of species:
| Numbers of molluscs by habitat | Number of species (according to this list) |
| --- | --- |
| Freshwater gastropods | 15 |
| Land gastropods | 62 |
| Total number of non-marine gastropods | 77 |
| Freshwater bivalves | 2 |
| **Total number of non-marine molluscs** | **79** |

## Freshwater gastropods

Freshwater gastropods in Malta include:

Hydrobiidae

Thiaridae

Lymnaeidae

Physidae

Planorbidae

## Land gastropods

Land gastropods in Malta include:

Pomatiidae

Truncatellidae

Ellobiidae

Lauriidae

Valloniidae

Vertiginidae

Pleurodiscidae

Chondrinidae

Enidae

Clausiliidae

* *Lampedusa imitatrix* (O. Boettger, 1879) - Lampedusa imitatrix imitatrix (O. Boettger, 1879) - endemic; *Lampedusa imitatrix melitensis* (Gatto, 1892) - endemic
* *Muticaria macrostoma* (Cantraine, 1835) - *Muticaria macrostoma macrostoma* (Cantraine, 1835) - endemic; *Muticaria macrostoma oscitans* (Charpentier, 1852) - endemic; *Muticaria macrostoma macrostoma* × *Muticaria macrostoma oscitans* \- endemic; *Muticaria macrostoma macrostoma* × *Muticaria macrostoma scalaris*
* hybrid *Lampedusa imitatrix imitatrix* × *Muticaria macrostoma macrostoma*
* *Muticaria macrostoma* (Gulia, 1861) - *Muticaria macrostoma mamotica* (Gulia, 1861) - endemic; *Muticaria macrostoma scalaris* (L. Pfeiffer, 1848) - endemic
* *Papillifera papillaris* (O. F. Müller, 1774)

Ferussaciidae

Subulinidae

Testacellidae

Discidae

Succineidae

Pristilomatidae

Oxychilidae

Milacidae

Limacidae

Agriolimacidae

Sphincterochilidae

Hygromiidae

Helicidae

Trissexodontidae

## Freshwater bivalves

Freshwater bivalves in Malta include:

Sphaeriidae

Lists of molluscs of surrounding oversea countries:

The following species have been found only as fossils on Malta:

Fossil freshwater gastropods

Fossil terrestrial gastropods

* Beckmann K. H. (1987). "Land - und Süβwassermollusken der Maltesischen Inseln". *Heldia* **1**,suppl. 1: 1-38.
* Beckmann K. H. (1992). "Catalogue and bibliography of the land and freshwater molluscs of the Maltese Islands, the Pelagi Islands and the isle of Pantelleria". *Heldia* **2**suppl. 2: 1-60.
* Beckmann K. H. & Gittenberger E. (1987). "The Clausiliidae (Gastropoda) of the Maltese Islands, some additional data". *Journal of Conchology* **32**: 335-338.
* Holyoak D. T. (1986). "Biological species-limits and systematics of Clausiliidae (Gastropoda) of the Maltese Islands". *Journal of Conchology* **32**: 211-220.
* Mandahl-Barth G. (1988). "The shell-bearing land-snails of Malta". Mdina, Malta, Friends of the National Museum of Natural History, iv + 65 pp.
* Soós L. (1933). "A systematic and zoogeographical contribution to the mollusc fauna of the Maltese Islands and Lampedusa". *Archiv für Naturgeschichte* **2**: 305-353.
* Thake M. A. & Schembri P. J. (1989). "Mollusca". In: Schembri P. J. & Sultana J. (eds.) *Red data book for the Maltese Islands*. pp. 79-89. Valletta, Malta, Department of Information.


title: Woolsington Hall

abstract: Woolsington Hall is a Grade II* listed country house in a 92-acre (37 ha) estate, in the village of Woolsington, in the city of Newcastle, England, north-west of Newcastle city centre, and immediately south of Newcastle Airport. In addition to the hall, the stables, coach house, orangery, walled garden and east wing are Grade II listed. The hall is not habitable and requires full restoration. It has been on English Heritage's Heritage at Risk Register since 2002.

text:
# Woolsington Hall

**Woolsington Hall** is a Grade II\* listed country house in a 92-acre (37 ha) estate, in the village of Woolsington, in the city of Newcastle, England, north-west of Newcastle city centre, and immediately south of Newcastle Airport. In addition to the hall, the stables, coach house, orangery, walled garden and east wing are Grade II listed.

The hall is not habitable and requires full restoration. It has been on English Heritage's Heritage at Risk Register since 2002.

## Design

The hall is built of stone, with painted ashlar dressings and edged by quoins. The roof is made of slate from the Lake district with stone gables. The house is 2 storeys high, divided into 3 bays and a single bay wing.

## History

Woolsington Hall was the seat of the Bell family, landowners in Dinnington. In 1828 Matthew Bell, MP for Northumberland and Deputy Lieutenant of Northumberland was listed as living at the hall. All four battalions of the 103rd (Tyneside Irish) Brigade camped briefly at Woolsington Hall in May 1915. Conditions were so bad at Woolsington Hall that many soldiers who lived locally went home rather than stay there. The brigade trained in trench fighting at nearby Ponteland, and paraded through Newcastle city centre before departing from Woolsington for Salisbury Plain.

## Recent history

Woolsington Hall was bought by businessman Sir John Hall's Cameron Hall Developments for £1.32 million in 1994. Since 1994, Hall has proposed several developments of the Woolsington site including a football academy for Newcastle United, which was later built in Little Benton. A luxury hotel and golf course was later planned for the Woolsington Hall estate. Hall was threatened with legal action by Newcastle City Council in 2005 unless he carried out repairs to Woolsington Hall.

The hall was put up for sale for £2 million in October 2012, but withdrawn from sale in May 2013. At that time, due to the dereliction of the hall it was described by the *Daily Telegraph* as a "distressed asset". In 2013 the councillor for the Woolsington ward, George Pattison, said that "It is a complete waste for it to be standing empty. It is a beautiful building and has a lot of historical significance...If it could be restored to something of the calibre of the Mansion House in Jesmond then it would be a great asset to the ward." The house was made weather tight in 2008.

Since 2002 the Woolington Hall estate has been on Historic England's Heritage at Risk Register. The register said that the hall "...is vacant and showing signs of roof failure." It was rated Category C by the register, defined as "Slow decay, no solution agreed". On the night of 30 December 2015, Woolsington Hall was gutted by a fire which destroyed its floors and roof. It was described as an arson attack by Northumbria Police who appealed for information to identify the perpetrators. The Heritage at Risk Register now categorises it as in 'category F, very bad condition'.

The Leazes Gates, a set of two-tonne monumental gates from Newcastle United F.C.'s St James' Park stadium, were stored in the grounds of Woolsington Hall until their restoration in August 2013. It had been hoped that they would form the entrance to a new football training centre at the hall.

## InfoBox

| Woolsington Hall | |
| --- | --- |
| Woolsington Hall (pre-fire) | |
| Location | Woolsington, Newcastle upon Tyne |
| Coordinates | 55°1′55.41″N 1°41′20.68″W / 55.0320583°N 1.6890778°W / 55.0320583; -1.6890778 |
| Built | Third quarter 17th century with late 18th century and early 19th century wings |
| Governing body | Privately owned |
|  | |
| Listed Building – Grade II\* | |
| Official name | Woolsington Hall and wall attached to North West |
| Designated | 27 August 1952 |
| Reference no. | 1123737 |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location of Woolsington Hall in Tyne and Wear | |


title: Brian Keenan (Irish republican)

abstract: Brian Paschal Keenan was a member of the Army Council of the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) who received an 18-year prison sentence in 1980 for conspiring to cause explosions, and played a key role in the Northern Ireland peace process.

text:
# Brian Keenan (Irish republican)

**Brian Paschal Keenan** (17 July 1941  21 May 2008) was a member of the Army Council of the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) who received an 18-year prison sentence in 1980 for conspiring to cause explosions, and played a key role in the Northern Ireland peace process.

## Early life

The son of a member of the Royal Air Force, Keenan was brought up in Swatragh, County Londonderry, before his family moved to Belfast. As a teenager, Keenan moved to England to find work, for a time working as a television repairman in partnership with his brother in Corby, Northamptonshire. During this time he came to the attention of the police when he damaged a cigarette machine, which led to police having his fingerprints on file. Keenan returned to Northern Ireland when the Troubles began, and started working at the Grundig factory in the Finaghy area of Belfast where he acquired a reputation as a radical due to his involvement in factory trade union activities.

## IRA activity

Despite his family having no history of republicanism, Keenan joined the Provisional Irish Republican Army in 1970 or 1971, and by August 1971 was the quartermaster of the Belfast Brigade. Keenan was an active IRA member, planning bombings in Belfast and travelling abroad to make political contacts and arrange arms smuggling, acquiring contacts in East Germany, Libya, Lebanon and Syria. In 1972, Keenan travelled to Tripoli to meet with Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi in order to acquire arms and finance from his government. In early 1973 Keenan took over responsibility for control of the IRA's bombing campaign in England and also became IRA Quartermaster General. In late 1973 Keenan was the linchpin of the kidnap of his former employer at Grundig, director Thomas Niedermayer.

In early 1974, Keenan planned to break Gerry Adams and Ivor Bell out of Long Kesh using a helicopter, in a method similar to Seamus Twomey's escape from Mountjoy Prison in October 1973, but the plan was vetoed by Billy McKee. Keenan was arrested in the Republic of Ireland in mid-1974 and sentenced to twelve months imprisonment for IRA membership. On 17 March 1975 he was shot and wounded while attempting to lead a mass escape from Portlaoise Prison. While being held in Long Kesh, Gerry Adams helped to devise a blueprint for the reorganisation of the IRA, which included the use of covert cells and the establishment of a Southern Command and Northern Command. As the architects of the blueprint—Adams, Bell and Brendan Hughes—were still imprisoned, Martin McGuinness and Keenan toured the country trying to convince the IRA Army Council and middle leadership of the benefits of the restructuring plan, with one IRA member remarking "Keenan was a roving ambassador for Adams". The proposal was accepted after Keenan won support from the South Derry Brigade, East Tyrone Brigade and South Armagh Brigade, with one IRA member saying "Keenan was really the John the Baptist to Adams' Christ".

In December 1975, members of an IRA unit based in London were arrested following the six-day Balcombe Street Siege. The IRA unit had been active in England since late 1974 carrying out a series of bombings, and a few months after his release from prison Keenan visited the unit in Crouch Hill, London, to give it further instructions. In follow-up raids after the siege, police discovered crossword puzzles in his handwriting and his fingerprints on a list of bomb parts. A warrant was issued for his arrest.

Garda Síochána informer Sean O'Callaghan claimed that Keenan recommended IRA Chief of Staff Seamus Twomey to authorise an attack on Ulster Protestants in retaliation to an increase in sectarian attacks on Catholic civilians by Protestant loyalist paramilitaries, such as the killing of three Catholics in a gun and bomb attack by the Ulster Volunteer Force on Donnelly's Bar in Silverbridge, County Armagh on 19 December 1975. According to O'Callaghan "Keenan believed that the only way, in his words, to put the nonsense out of the Prods \[Protestants\] was to just hit back much harder and more savagely than them". Soon after the sectarian Kingsmill massacre occurred, when ten Protestant men returning home from their work were ordered out of a minibus they were travelling in, and executed en masse with a machine gun on 5 January 1976.

## Arrest and imprisonment

Keenan was arrested on the basis of the 1975 warrant near Banbridge on 20 March 1979 when the Royal Ulster Constabulary stopped two cars travelling north on the main road from Dublin to Belfast, and was extradited to England to face charges relating to the Balcombe Street Gang's campaign in England. The capture of Keenan was a blow to the IRA, in particular as he was carrying an address book listing his contacts including Palestinian activists in the United Kingdom. The IRA responded by despatching Bobby Storey and three other members to break Keenan out of prison using a helicopter, but all four were arrested and remanded to Brixton Prison. Keenan stood trial at the Old Bailey in London in June 1980 defended by Michael Mansfield, and was accused of organising the IRA's bombings in England and being implicated in the deaths of eight people including Ross McWhirter and Gordon Hamilton-Fairley. Keenan was sentenced to eighteen years imprisonment after being found guilty on 25 June 1980.

Keenan continued to support Gerry Adams while in prison. In August 1982 Adams was granted permission by the IRA's Army Council to stand in a forthcoming election to the Northern Ireland Assembly, having been refused permission at a meeting the previous month. In a letter sent from Leicester Prison Keenan wrote that he "emphatically" supported the move and endorsed the Army Council's decision, saying:

> It is not enough for Republicans to say, with reference to the Army \[IRA\], actions speak louder than words. We must never forsake action but the final war to win will be the savage war of peace. To those of us who have struggled for years in a purely military capacity, it must be obvious that if we do not provide honest, recognisable political leadership on the ground, we will lose that war for peace.

## Peace process

Keenan was released from prison in June 1993 and by 1996 was one of seven members of the IRA's Army Council. Following the events after the IRA's ceasefire of August 1994 he had been openly critical of Gerry Adams and the "tactical use of armed struggle", or TUAS, strategy employed by the republican movement. After the Northern Ireland peace process had become deadlocked over the issue of the IRA decommissiong its arms, Keenan and the other members of the Army Council authorised the Docklands bombing which killed two people and marked the end of the IRA's eighteen-month ceasefire in February 1996.

Keenan outlined the IRA's public position in May 1996 at a ceremony in memory of hunger striker Seán McCaughey at Milltown Cemetery, where he stated "The IRA will not be defeated...Republicans will have our victory...Do not be confused about decommissioning. The only thing the Republican movement will accept is the decommissioning of the British state in this country". In the same speech he accused the British of "double-dealing" and denounced the Irish government as "spineless".

In November 1998 Keenan addressed a republican rally in Cullyhanna, County Armagh to mark the 25th anniversary of the death of IRA member Michael McVerry. He stated:

> I can categorically state the only time the IRA will decommission, we will decommission in agreement with a government of national democracy, a government that derives from the first Dáil. That's when we will decommission—never, ever before...Everybody's saying: 'The prisoners are being released, what's your problem?' Well there's no prisoner was ever in jail to be let out to sell out the struggle and I'm sure none of them would want to be let out if this struggle wasn't going the whole way.

Keenan continued by saying that if republican demands were not met then British Prime Minister Tony Blair would be responsible for the consequences, and went on to say:

> So in the future maybe the jails are going to be full again...If our enemies don't want peace, there can only be one conclusion: they must want war. We don't want to go back to that. But let there be no mistake: if we don't get equality and if the reasons for conflict are still there...then the waiting time will soon draw to a close and republicans will once again have to do anything that is necessary to get a Republic, because that's the goal.

On 25 February 2001 Keenan addressed a republican rally in Creggan, County Armagh, saying that republicans should not fear "this phase" of "the revolution" collapsing should the Good Friday Agreement fail. Keenan confirmed his continued commitment to the Armalite and ballot box strategy, saying that both political negotiations and violence were "legitimate forms of revolution" and that both "have to be prosecuted to the utmost". Keenan went on to say "The revolution can never be over until we have British imperialism where it belongs—in the dustbin of history", a message aimed at preventing rank-and-file IRA activists defecting to the dissident Real IRA.

Keenan played a key role in the peace process, acting as the IRA's go-between with the Independent International Commission on Decommissioning. Gerry Adams remarked "There wouldn't be a peace process if it wasn't for Brian Keenan". Keenan resigned from his position on the Army Council in 2005 due to ill-health, and was replaced by Bernard Fox, who had taken part in the 1981 Irish hunger strike. On 6 May 2007 Keenan was guest speaker at a rally in Cappagh, County Tyrone to commemorate the 20th anniversary of the deaths of the so-called "Loughgall Martyrs", eight members of the IRA East Tyrone Brigade killed by the Special Air Service in 1987.

## Provisional IRA Chief of Staff

It is alleged by the *Irish Independent* and *The Daily Telegraph* that Keenan succeeded Thomas "Slab" Murphy as Chief of Staff of the Provisional IRA at some point between the late 1990s and the mid-2000s before he relinquished the role to deal with his poor health caused by cancer.

## Death

Keenan died of cancer on 21 May 2008 in Cullyhanna, South Armagh.

## InfoBox

| Brian Keenan | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Chief of Staff of the Provisional Irish Republican Army | |
| Preceded by | Thomas "Slab" Murphy |
| Succeeded by | Unknown |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1941-07-17)July 17, 1941
Draperstown, County Londonderry, Northern Ireland |
| Died | May 8, 2008(2008-05-08) (aged 66)
Cullyhanna, South Armagh |
| Cause of death | Cancer |
| Nationality | Irish |
| Military service | |
| Branch/service | Provisional Irish Republican Army |
| Battles/wars | The Troubles |
|  | |


title: Tommy Woods (rugby)

abstract: Tommy Woods was an English dual-code international rugby union, and professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1900s, 1910s and 1920s. He played representative level rugby union (RU) for England and Somersetshire, and at club level for Bridgwater & Albion RFC, as a forward, and representative level rugby league (RL) for Great Britain and England, and at club level for Rochdale Hornets, as a forward.

text:
# Tommy Woods (rugby)

**Tommy Woods** (9 February 1883 – 12 April 1955) was an English dual-code international rugby union, and professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1900s, 1910s and 1920s. He played representative level rugby union (RU) for England and Somersetshire, and at club level for Bridgwater & Albion RFC, as a forward, and representative level rugby league (RL) for Great Britain and England, and at club level for Rochdale Hornets, as a forward.

## Background

Tommy Woods was born in 1883 in Bridgwater, and later played rugby union for Bridgwater & Albion RFC, alongside Robert Dibble and Walter Roman.

## Playing career

### International honours

Tommy Woods won a cap for England (RU) while at Bridgwater & Albion RFC against Scotland at Inverleith on 21 March 1908, and won caps for England (RL) while at Rochdale Hornets in 1911 against Australia, in 1912 against Wales, in 1913 against Wales, and won caps for Great Britain while at Rochdale Hornets in 1911 against Australia, and in 1912 against Australia.

### County honours

Tommy Woods represented Somersetshire (RU) while at Bridgwater & Albion RFC.

### Challenge Cup Final appearances

Tommy Woods played as a forward in Rochdale Hornets' 10–9 victory over Hull F.C. in the 1921–22 Challenge Cup Final during the 1921–22 season at Headingley, Leeds on Saturday 6 May 1922, in front of a crowd of 32,596.

### County Cup Final appearances

Tommy Woods played as a forward in Rochdale Hornets' 12–5 victory over Oldham in the 1911–12 Lancashire Cup Final during the 1911–12 season at Wheater's Field, Broughton, Salford on Saturday 2 December 1911, in front of a crowd of 20,000.

## InfoBox

Tommy Woods
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Thomas Woods |
| Born | 9 February 1883
Bridgwater, England |
| Died | 12 April 1955(1955-04-12) (aged 72)
Rochdale, England |
| Playing information | |
| Rugby union | |
| Position | Forward |
| Club  Years Team Pld T G FG P  ≤1908–09 Bridgwater & Albion       Representative  Years Team Pld T G FG P  ≤1909–09 Somersetshire 30      1908 England 1 0 0 0 0 | |
| Rugby league | |
| Position | Forward |
| Club  Years Team Pld T G FG P  1909–≥22 Rochdale Hornets       Representative  Years Team Pld T G FG P  1911–13 England 3 0 0 0 0  1911–12 Great Britain 2 0 0 0 0 | |
| Source: | |


title: Paradise Fears

abstract: Paradise Fears is an American alternative rock band from Vermillion, South Dakota. The band has been touring and releasing music independently since 2011. Their 2013 album, Battle Scars, peaked at #2 on the iTunes Alternative chart.

text:
# Paradise Fears

**Paradise Fears** is an American alternative rock band from Vermillion, South Dakota.

The band has been touring and releasing music independently since 2011. Their 2013 album, *Battle Scars*, peaked at #2 on the iTunes Alternative chart.

## History

Forming as a group of high school friends playing cover songs for school talent shows in the small town of Vermillion, South Dakota, the members of Paradise Fears began by deferring college admission for a year in 2010, instead working full-time jobs to raise money to record their debut album, *Yours Truly*, with Zack Odom, Kenneth Mount, and Jordan Schmidt. Upon recording, the band set out following other pop rock tours and selling their CD to fans waiting in line. The album sold 24,000 total copies and peaked at number 9 on the *Billboard* Uncharted Chart.

Following tours also gained the attention of pop rock act All Time Low, who brought Paradise Fears along as the opening act on their 2011 The Rise and Fall of my Pants Tour. The following January, the band supported The Cab and The Summer Set on their Everything’s Fine Symphony Soldier Tour and did a full US tour of intimate show private parties for fans. After fans took over a Seaworld naming competition, Seaworld San Diego named an Olive Ridley Sea Turtle after the band.

In the summer of 2012, Paradise Fears headlined the Sanctuary Mini-Tour, following the re-release of “Sanctuary.” Originally released in 2011, the new version contained a speech made by lead singer Sam Miller halfway through.

Later in 2012, the band supported Forever the Sickest Kids and Go Radio, respectively. They also began releasing cover songs on YouTube. Their most popular, a cover of “Payphone” by Maroon 5, amassed over three million views. In 2013, they performed on the Resolution Tour with Action Item, Max Schneider, and Before You Exit.

On June 25, 2013, Paradise Fears released an 8-track EP, *Battle Scars*. The album peaked at #2 on the US iTunes Alternative Chart and #19 on the Overall Album Chart. Following the release of the album, the band supported Parachute on their 2013 Overnight tour. On October 31, they released an extended edition of *Battle Scars*, featuring the single, “Who You Are.”

On January 31, 2014, the band released an acoustic version of *Battle Scars*, featuring a cover of “Landslide” by Fleetwood Mac and a "Battle Scars Sonata", a piano-only track combining all of the songs from the album. In February 2014, they embarked on the "Acoustic & In the Round Tour," where they performed stripped down, intimate versions of the songs on a riser built in the middle of the audience.

April 2014 saw the band's first trip to the UK, supporting The Summer Set on their UK tour.

Throughout the late spring of 2014, they were participants and eventually finalists in the Macy's Rising Star contest, placing third.

In June 2014, drummer Lucas Zimmerman announced he would be leaving the band to return to school to do humanitarian work. In his goodbye post, he expressed continued love and support for the band. Joey Russ, formerly a member of The Role Call, took over as the live drummer of the band until late 2015.

In July 2014, Paradise Fears announced that they had signed with Nashville label DigSin and released their next single, "You to Believe In". They supported the single by setting out on their first full US headlining tour, the Live Forever Tour, featuring support from Hollywood Ending, Against the Current, William Beckett (former frontman of The Academy Is...), and Nick Thomas of The Spill Canvas.

In 2015, the band did two conventional tours. They set out early in the year on the Good Guys & a Girl Tour with Andy Grammer, Alex & Sierra, and Rachel Platten. In November 2015 they were on The Returning West tour with The Rocket Summer, in which Daniel Sumstine played live drums.

Following The Returning West Tour, the band's full-length album *Life in Real Time* was released via DigSin on December 4, 2015, and was followed by a "bus tour" which allowed fans in major cities along the east coast and in the Midwest who had pre-ordered the album to attend private performances on the band's tour bus. They played an album release show in New York City in early January 2016 at The Studio at Webster Hall. The rest of the year was nearly silent with the exception of a few college shows and two opening performances with Before You Exit.

In October 2016, Sam Miller took to the band's tumblr to speak on the silence of the band during 2016. While he stated that the band isn't breaking up, they are slowing down and exploring other outlets. "As long as the six of us exist, there will always be a Paradise Fears," Miller wrote. This was followed by an announcement of three shows in New York City, Cambridge, and Chicago to happen in January 2017 and the release of a new "more than acoustic" EP, *Someone Else's Dream.*

In May 2019, the band announced that they would be holding three shows, under the title "Ten Years of Fear", playing music from the past ten years of their discography. These shows, taking place in July 2019, were held in Chicago, Toronto, and New York City. At the same time, the band re-released "Color" from their previous album *Someone Else's Dream*, and "Heaven (The Walkmen Cover)" on an EP.

In April 2023, Paradise Fears announced that they would be embarking on another tour in New York City, Chicago, and Nashville. The tour sold out within 5 minutes of going on sale, and all the venues were later upgraded to larger spaces.

Miller has also been a novelist and screenwriter, most noted as co-writer of the 2023 film *Hey, Viktor!*.

## Members

* Sam Miller – vocals
* Cole Andre – vocals, rhythm guitar
* Michael Walker – keys, vocals
* Jordan Merrigan – lead guitar, trumpet
* Marcus Sand – bass
* Lucas Zimmerman – drums

**Former members**

* Joey Russ – drums

**Live members**

* Daniel Sumstine – drums

## Discography

Albums and EPs
| Title | Album details |
| --- | --- |
| *The Secret To Dropping Out EP* | * Released: March 17, 2009 |
| *Make Them Believe EP* | * Released: March 16, 2010 |
| *Yours Truly* | * Released: June 14, 2011 |
| *Acoustic EP* | * Released: October 11, 2011 |
| *Battle Scars* | * Released: June 25, 2013 |
| *Battle Scars Extended Edition* | * Released: October 31, 2013 |
| *Battle Scars (Acoustic)* | * Released: January 31, 2014 |
| *Life in Real Time* | * Released: December 4, 2015 |
| *Someone Else's Dream (Reworks & Revisits)* | * Released: November 4, 2016 |
| *Color* | * Released: July 29, 2019 |

Singles
| Title | Album details |
| --- | --- |
| "Waste of Time" | * Released: May 31, 2011 |
| "Sanctuary" | * Released: May 1, 2012 |
| "Home" | * Released: June 23, 2012 |
| "The Fighter" | * Released: August 8, 2012 |
| "Warrior" | * Released: January 2, 2013 |
| "Lullaby" | * Released: May 14, 2013 |
| "Mirrors" | * Released: April 10, 2013 |
| "Who You Are" | * Released: September 3, 2013 |
| "You to Believe In" | * Released: June 24, 2014 |
| "Who We Were With" | * Released: November 18, 2014 |
| "Reunion" | * Released: May 12, 2015 |

## InfoBox

| Paradise Fears | |
| --- | --- |
| Paradise Fears performing live in Minneapolis | |
| Background information | |
| Origin | Vermillion, South Dakota, United States |
| Genres | Alternative rock, pop rock |
| Years active | 2007 (2007)–present |
| Labels | DigSin |
|  | |
| Members | * Sam Miller * Cole Andre * Michael Walker * Jordan Merrigan * Marcus Sand * Lucas Zimmerman |
|  | |
| Past members | * Joey Russ |
|  | |
| Website | www.paradisefears.com |


title: Ochromolopis xeropa

abstract: Ochromolopis xeropa is a moth in the family Epermeniidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1911. It is found in South Africa.

text:
# Ochromolopis xeropa

***Ochromolopis xeropa*** is a moth in the family Epermeniidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1911. It is found in South Africa.

## InfoBox

| *Ochromolopis xeropa* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Epermeniidae |
| Genus: | *Ochromolopis* |
| Species: | ***O. xeropa*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Ochromolopis xeropa***<br>(Meyrick, 1911) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Temelucha xeropa* Meyrick, 1909 * *Epermenia praefumata* Meyrick, 1911 * *Temeluchella xeropa* Meyrick, 1909 | |


title: Outro (EP)

abstract: Outro is the twelfth extended play by South Korean boy band, Highlight, released on November 20, 2018, by Around Us Entertainment and distributed by Kakao M. The album features vocals from member Doojoon, who previously enlisted on August 23, 2018, and is also the last Highlight release to feature member Junhyung, who would depart on March 14, 2019, as a witness in the Burning Sun scandal. The album was preceded by the single, "Take Care," on October 29, 2018. The title track, "Loved," was released on November 20, 2018, alongside the album.

text:
# Outro (EP)

***Outro*** is the twelfth extended play by South Korean boy band, Highlight, released on November 20, 2018, by Around Us Entertainment and distributed by Kakao M. The album features vocals from member Doojoon, who previously enlisted on August 23, 2018, and is also the last Highlight release to feature member Junhyung, who would depart on March 14, 2019, as a witness in the Burning Sun scandal.

The album was preceded by the single, "Take Care," on October 29, 2018. The title track, "Loved," was released on November 20, 2018, alongside the album.

## Background

Highlight released their single, "Take Care," on October 29, 2018. The group had their final broadcast before enlistment on *You Hee-yeol's Sketchbook* on November 2, 2018, after which Around Us Entertainment announced that they would be releasing a "special album," in the form of an extended play, which would include a track with Doojoon, recorded pre enlistment.

## Promotion

The album was promoted through an eponymous solo concert, held on November 24 and 25.

## Reception

*Outro* was met with positive reviews, with a peak chart of #4 on the GAON, and over 47,000 copies sold. Billboard described the album as a "poignant album," describing title track, "Loved," as "an evocative dance track that blends Highlight's reflective vocals with rhythmic strings, and is dominated by a bright, EDM choral drop with soaring violin riffs," while also comparing it to their earlier songs, saying "The darker vibes recall some of the act’s earlier songs like 2014’s “12:30” and 2016’s “Ribbon,” both released as BEAST, emphasizing their tender vocals and affinity for dance music all in one."

## Tracklist

| No. | Title | Lyrics | Music | Arrangement | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Loved" (사랑했나봐) | Good Life (Yong Jun Hyung, Kim Tae Joo) | Good Life (Yong Jun Hyung, Kim Tae Joo) | Good Life (Yong Jun Hyung, Kim Tae Joo) | 3:33 |
| 2. | "Wind" (바람) (Yang Yo-seob & Son Dong-woon) | Yang Yo-seob, Son Dong-woon, Gyuberlake | Yang Yo-seob, Son Dong-woon, Gyuberlake | Yang Yo-seob, Gyuberlake | 3:11 |
| 3. | "Leave Me Alone" (내버려 둬) (Junhyung & Gikwang) | Yong Jun Hyung, Lee Gi-kwang | Good Life (Yong Jun Hyung, Kim Tae Joo), Lee Gi-kwang | Good Life (Yong Jun Hyung, Kim Tae Joo), Lee Gi-kwang | 3:19 |
| 4. | "Nightmare" (오늘같은 밤이면) (Doojoon) | Yong Jun Hyung | Good Life (Yong Jun Hyung, Kim Tae Joo), Lee Gi-kwang | Kim Tae Joo | 3:25 |
| 5. | "Take Care" (잘 지내줘) | Good Life (Yong Jun Hyung, Kim Tae Joo) | Good Life (Yong Jun Hyung, Kim Tae Joo) | Good Life (Yong Jun Hyung, Kim Tae Joo) | 3:38 |
| 6. | "Loved" (사랑했나봐) (Inst.) |  | Good Life (Yong Jun Hyung, Kim Tae Joo) | Good Life (Yong Jun Hyung, Kim Tae Joo) | 3:33 |
| Total length: | | | | | 20:39 |

## InfoBox

| Outro | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| EP by Highlight | |
| Released | November 20, 2018 (2018-11-20) |
| Recorded | 2018 |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 20:39 |
| Label | Around Us Entertainment
Kakao M |
| Highlight chronology | |
| *Celebrate*
(2017) ***Outro***
(2018) *The Blowing*
(2021) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Outro* | |
| 1. "Take Care"
Released: October 29, 2018 2. "Loved"
Released: November 20, 2018 | |
|  | |


title: Utilitywise

abstract: Utilitywise was a British energy consultancy company based in Tyne and Wear, United Kingdom. The business had operations across the UK at their North Tyneside base, Redditch, Bury St Edmonds, Portsmouth and Leicester, as well as 150 staff in the Czech Republic.

text:
# Utilitywise

**Utilitywise** was a British energy consultancy company based in Tyne and Wear, United Kingdom. The business had operations across the UK at their North Tyneside base, Redditch, Bury St Edmonds, Portsmouth and Leicester, as well as 150 staff in the Czech Republic.

## History

Utilitywise was founded in 2006 in Team Valley, Gateshead by Geoffrey Thompson as Commercial Utility Brokers Limited. In 2010 the business was rebranded as Utilitywise. When Utilitywise entered the Alternative Investment Market in 2012 at 60p per share the *Financial Times* described the business as "the belle of the ball". In 2013 the company won the AIM's "Best Use of AIM Award" and in 2014 won their "Company of the Year Award".

In 2012 the business moved from Jarrow to South Shields, then in 2014 as the business was further expanding they relocated to the Cobalt Business Park in North Tyneside in the largest North East office leasing deal since 2009, taking 77,632 sq ft of space.

By 2014 the company's market value rose above £200m and had 800 employees. One of the company's investors was the high-profile Neil Woodford who owned 29%. In 2015 Utilitywise acquired Energy Intelligence Centre for £15.5 million and later rebranded that division of the business simply as EIC.

In 2017 the founder, Geoffrey Thompson, stepped down as chairman, and sold his remaining 6% stake in 2018.

In 2018 Utilitywise partnered with Vodafone and Dell EMC to deliver IoT energy monitoring solutions. Utilitywise entered into operations in Prague, Czech Republic when it acquired ICON Communication Centres.

In January 2019 the company put itself up for sale after announcing that it needed a cash injection of £10 million to keep the business afloat. In early February the administrators were in discussions with potential investors to rescue the business.

On 14 February the company entered administration. Creditors lodged claims of £116.1 million at the time of its collapse. Initially at the time of entering administration 570 jobs were lost at its North Tyneside base.

In April, two months after entering administration it was announced that The Monarch Partnership had acquired the Energy Intelligence Centre and T-Mac Technologies enterprise businesses from Utilitywise.

## InfoBox

Utilitywise
|
|  |
| Company type | Public limited company |
| Industry | Energy broker |
| Founded | 2006 (2006) in Gateshead, United Kingdom |
| Founder | Geoffrey Thompson |
| Defunct | February 2019 (2019-02) |
| Fate | Administration/closure |
| Headquarters | Cobalt Business Park, North Tyneside, United Kingdom |
| Area served | Europe |
| Number of employees | 800 (2014) |
| Website | utilitywise.com |


title: Leticía Frota

abstract: Letícia Frota is a Brazilian model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Brazil World 2022 and represented Brazil at Miss World 2023.

text:
# Leticía Frota

**Letícia Frota** (born 2003) is a Brazilian model and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Brazil World 2022 and represented Brazil at Miss World 2023.

## InfoBox

| Leticía Frota | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Letícia Frota
(2003-06-30) 30 June 2003
Manaus, Amazonas |
| Occupation | Fashion Model |
| **Beauty pageant titleholder** | |
| Title | Miss Brazil World 2022 |
| Hair colour | Brown |
| Eye colour | Black |
| Major
competition(s) |  |
|  | |


title: Swatara State Park

abstract: Swatara State Park is a 3,515-acre (1,422 ha) Pennsylvania state park in Bethel, Swatara and Union Townships, Lebanon County and Pine Grove Township, Schuylkill County in Pennsylvania in the United States. 8 miles (13 km) of Swatara Creek lie within the park's boundaries, which are roughly formed by Pennsylvania Route 443 to the north and Interstate 81 to the south. The park is in a valley in the ridge and valley region of Pennsylvania between Second Mountain (north) and Blue Mountain (south). Swatara State Park is a fairly new park for the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. It was opened in 1987 and is still largely undeveloped. The Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources is working on plans to further develop the lands of Swatara State Park. The original plans called for the building of a dam and reservoir for recreational fishing and boating as well as to provide drinking water for the City of Lebanon. The PADCNR explored plans for developing the park without the recreational lake/reservoir, and in 2012 started developing the park with infrastructure improvements to increase access to biking, hiking, canoeing, fishing and picnicking opportunities in the park. Improvements include installing 10 miles of crushed stone along the rail-trail and work on abandoned Old State Road.

text:
# Swatara State Park

**Swatara State Park** is a 3,515-acre (1,422 ha) Pennsylvania state park in Bethel, Swatara and Union Townships, Lebanon County and Pine Grove Township, Schuylkill County in Pennsylvania in the United States. 8 miles (13 km) of Swatara Creek lie within the park's boundaries, which are roughly formed by Pennsylvania Route 443 to the north and Interstate 81 to the south. The park is in a valley in the ridge and valley region of Pennsylvania between Second Mountain (north) and Blue Mountain (south).

Swatara State Park is a fairly new park for the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. It was opened in 1987 and is still largely undeveloped. The Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources is working on plans to further develop the lands of Swatara State Park. The original plans called for the building of a dam and reservoir for recreational fishing and boating as well as to provide drinking water for the City of Lebanon. The PADCNR explored plans for developing the park without the recreational lake/reservoir, and in 2012 started developing the park with infrastructure improvements to increase access to biking, hiking, canoeing, fishing and picnicking opportunities in the park. Improvements include installing 10 miles of crushed stone along the rail-trail and work on abandoned Old State Road.

## History

### Susquehannock Indians

The early history of Swatara State Park is tied to the Susquehannock people, Native Americans that once inhabited the ridge and valley region of Pennsylvania. This region of Pennsylvania is very mountainous, with the mountains located in close proximity to each other with narrow valleys between. Swatara Creek is in one of these valleys. The Susquehannock used it as a transportation route.

### Coal and canals

This region of Pennsylvania was first settled by Europeans in the 1750s. Anthracite coal was soon discovered in the area of Tremont. Coal mines were opened and by the 1820s the demand for coal was such that a canal was built to connect the Susquehanna River with the Schuylkill River. This canal was known as the Union Canal. It stretched from Middletown on the Susquehanna through Lebanon and to Reading on the Schuylkill River. A 672-acre (272 ha) reservoir was built on the land that is now Swatara State Park. A branch canal was built from Lebanon through Pine Grove and on to the reservoir. This canal provided water for the main branch of the Union Canal. Barges filled with anthracite coal traveled down the canal to the industrial centers of central Pennsylvania. The dam holding the reservoir was washed away in the Flood of 1862. The dam was never rebuilt and the branch canal was never reopened. The Union Canal was closed in 1885, as did most canals during this era as they simply could not compete with the efficiency of the railroads. Remains of the dam and five canal locks can still be seen on the grounds of Swatara State Park, providing an example of how nature has taken back some of the land that was used during central Pennsylvania's industrial past.

### Railroads to Bike Trails

Swatara State Park's Rail Trail, a bike trail, follows the old railroad bed of the Lebanon & Tremont Branch of the Reading Railroad. This branch connected the West End coalfields of Schuylkill County with the town of Lebanon, paralleling the derelict branch canal below Pine Grove. The railroad was dominant in transportation until the 1960s when Interstate 81 was completed. The branch was abandoned east of Suedberg in 1965, and the remainder between 1978 and 1981. Conrail abandoned the line, with the former roadbed being transferred to the state.

## Recreation

### Fishing

The waters of Swatara Creek were heavily polluted by runoff from the coal mines and sewage from the nearby municipalities. Over the years the water quality has gradually improved and there are now some fish living in the waters of Swatara Creek. Smallmouth bass and panfish can be caught in Swatara Creek. Irving's Pond is the home to largemouth bass and some panfish. Cold water species of fish such as rainbow trout and brown trout can be caught in Trout Run and other tributaries of Swatara Creek.

### Hunting

Hunting is permitted in most of Swatara State Park. Hunters are expected to follow the rules and regulations of the Pennsylvania State Game Commission. The most common game species are ruffed grouse, squirrels, turkey, white-tailed deer, waterfowl and pheasant. There are also some black bears, opossum, muskrats and raccoons.

### Boating

Boating in Swatara State Park is limited to canoes and kayaks. This type of boating is popular at the park and there are several easily accessible launch points along the banks of Swatara Creek.

### Hiking

The Appalachian Trail passes through Swatara State Park for 2 miles (3.2 km) at the southern end of the park. The trail crosses Swatara Creek at the historic Waterville Bridge. This unique bridge was moved from Waterville in Lycoming County (where it crossed Little Pine Creek) to Swatara State Park in the 1980s. The bridge is too narrow for modern use, so instead of being destroyed, it was moved to be used on the Appalachian Trail. The bridge is a parabolic structure known as a lenticular truss. The Swatara Rail Trail and Old State Route 443 combine to make a 10 miles (16 km) loop to provide less strenuous hiking at the park.

### Natural history

Forests are overtaking the land formerly used by farmers, miners, canalmen and railroadmen. Woodlands are plentiful at Swatara State Park. Visitors can observe the slow process in which nature reclaims the land previously used by man. Fossil hunters can find ancient marine fossils at a site along Old State Route 443.

### Bordner Cabin

A log cabin, built in 1939 by local industrial-arts teacher Armar Bordner (1904-1994) and members of his class using materials found on-site next to the picturesque Acrigg's Falls, is preserved within the park. Bordner opposed the taking of his home by eminent domain by the old DER during creation of the park and was allowed to remain at the cabin for the remainder of his life, paying a token rent to DCNR each year. The cabin was then leased to the Boy Scouts of America for several years, and then was returned to DCNR control. After a proposal to raze the historic building, Swatara Watershed Association, led by Jo Ellen Litz, a Lebanon County commissioner, took over control of the building, which has been preserved by them including the installation of new roofing materials, but the cabin no longer has utilities or windows.

## Nearby state parks

The following state parks are within 30 miles (48 km) of Swatara State Park:

## InfoBox

| Swatara State Park | |
| --- | --- |
| IUCN category III (natural monument or feature) | |
| The Appalachian Trail crosses Swatara Creek on the historic Waterville Bridge in the park | |
| Location of Swatara State Park in PennsylvaniaSwatara State Park (the United States) | |
| Location | Pennsylvania, United States |
| Coordinates | 40°29′50″N 76°31′59″W / 40.49722°N 76.53306°W / 40.49722; -76.53306 |
| Area | 3,515 acres (14.22 km2) |
| Elevation | 502 ft (153 m) |
| Established | 1987 |
| Governing body | Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources |
| Website | Swatara State Park |