title: Titanium gold

abstract: In metallurgy, titanium gold (Ti-Au or Au-Ti) refers to an alloy consisting of titanium and gold. Such alloys are used in dentistry, ceramics and jewelry. Like many other alloys, titanium gold alloys have a higher yield strength, tensile strength, hardness, and magnetism than either of its constituent metals. In July 2016, researchers led by Emilia Morosan at Rice University discovered that a titanium-gold alloy, β-Ti3Au, is an intermetallic alloy that is up to 4 times harder than pure titanium and most steels.

text:
# Titanium gold

In metallurgy, **titanium gold** (**Ti-Au** or **Au-Ti**) refers to an alloy consisting of titanium and gold. Such alloys are used in dentistry, ceramics and jewelry. Like many other alloys, titanium gold alloys have a higher yield strength, tensile strength, hardness, and magnetism than either of its constituent metals.

In July 2016, researchers led by Emilia Morosan at Rice University discovered that a titanium-gold alloy, β-Ti3Au, is an intermetallic alloy that is up to 4 times harder than pure titanium and most steels.

In the 2008 film *Iron Man*, the title character wears an armor made from a titanium-gold alloy. According to actor Robert Downey Jr., who played the role of Iron Man, the suit fit him "like a gold-titanium glove".

In the 2019 book *The Secret Commonwealth* (part of the universe of His Dark Materials trilogy), the alethiometer is revealed to be made primarily of a titanium-gold alloy.

In S6:E22 of *The Blacklist* the show’s computer wizz, Aram Mojtabai, comments that the cage originally created to house Reddington is made of titanium gold alloy.


title: Titanium disilicide

abstract: Titanium disilicide (TiSi2) is an inorganic chemical compound of titanium and silicon.

text:
# Titanium disilicide

**Titanium disilicide** (TiSi2) is an inorganic chemical compound of titanium and silicon.

## Preparation

Titanium disilicide can be obtained from the reaction between titanium or titanium hydride with silicon.

Ti + 2 Si → TiSi2

It is also possible to prepare it aluminothermically by the ignition of aluminium powder, sulfur, silicon dioxide, and titanium dioxide or potassium hexafluorotitanate, K2TiF6, by electrolysis of a melt of potassium hexafluorotitanate and titanium dioxide, or by reaction of titanium with silicon tetrachloride.

Another method is the reaction of titanium tetrachloride with silane, dichlorosilane or silicon.

TiCl4 \+ 2 SiH4 → TiSi2 \+ 4 HCl + 2 H2 TiCl4 \+ 2 SiH2Cl2 \+ 2 H2 → TiSi2 \+ 8 HCl TiCl4 \+ 3 Si → TiSi2 \+ SiCl4

## Uses

Titanium silicide is used in the semiconductor industry. It is typically grown by means of salicide technology over silicon and polysilicon lines to reduce the sheet resistance of local transistors connections. In the microelectronic industry it is typically used in the C54 phase.

## InfoBox

Titanium disilicide
| Names | |
| --- | --- |
| IUPAC name Titanium disilicide | |
| Other names Titanium silicide | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number |  |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.031.719 |
| EC Number | * 234-904-3 |
| PubChem CID |  |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |  |
| InChI * InChI=1S/2Si.TiKey: DFJQEGUNXWZVAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N | |
| SMILES * \[Si\]=\[Ti\]=\[Si\] | |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | TiSi2 |
| Molar mass | 104.038 g/mol |
| Appearance | black orthorhombic crystals |
| Density | 4.02 g/cm3 |
| Melting point | 1,470 °C (2,680 °F; 1,740 K) |
| Solubility in water | insoluble |
| Solubility | soluble in HF |
| Hazards | |
| **GHS** labelling: | |
| Pictograms |  |
| Signal word | **Warning** |
| Hazard statements | H228, H315, H319, H335 |
| Precautionary statements | P210, P240, P241, P261, P264, P271, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P321, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P370+P378, P403+P233, P405, P501 |
| Safety data sheet (SDS) |  |
| Related compounds | |
| Other cations | Zirconium disilicide
Hafnium disilicide |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C \[77 °F\], 100 kPa). Y verify (what is YN ?)  Infobox references | |


title: Toke

abstract: Toke may refer to:

text:
# Toke

**Toke** may refer to:

## People

* Toke (given name), a list of people with the name *Toke*
* Chief Toke, a leader of the Shoalwater Bay Tribe of Native Americans on the Pacific coast of Washington
* John Toke (1671–1746), an English Member of Parliament and lawyer
* Soane Toke, a king of Uvea (Wallis island, South Pacific), ruling for one day on 11 December 1953
* Toma Toke (born 1985), a Tongan rugby union footballer

## Places

* Toke (lake), a lake in Drangedal municipality in Telemark county, Norway
* Tok, Alaska, a census-designated place (CDP) in Southeast Fairbanks Census Area, Alaska, United States
(The name of the settlement is pronounced "toke," but is spelled "Tok.")
* Toke Atoll, an atoll in the Marshall Islands
* Toke Station, a railway station located in Midori-ku, Chiba, Japan
* *Toke*, as in 'toke it up', refers to the smoking of cannabis


title: Tiy-Merenese

abstract: Tiy-Merenese, Teye-Merenaset, Tiye-Mereniset (Tiy, Beloved of Isis) was the Great Royal Wife of pharaoh Setnakhte and mother of Ramesses III of the Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt. She is the only known wife of Setnakhte. She was depicted together with her husband on a stela in Abydos. A priest named Meresyotef is shown adoring Setnakhte and Tiy-Merenese and their son Ramesses III is shown making offerings. Tiye-Merenese also appears on blocks found in Abydos which were reused in other buildings.

text:
# Tiy-Merenese

|  |
| --- |
| Tiy-merenese
in hieroglyphs |
| Era: New Kingdom
(1550–1069 BC) |
|  |
|  |

**Tiy-Merenese**, **Teye-Merenaset**, **Tiye-Mereniset** *(Tiy, Beloved of Isis)* was the Great Royal Wife of pharaoh Setnakhte and mother of Ramesses III of the Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt.

She is the only known wife of Setnakhte. She was depicted together with her husband on a stela in Abydos. A priest named Meresyotef is shown adoring Setnakhte and Tiy-Merenese and their son Ramesses III is shown making offerings. Tiye-Merenese also appears on blocks found in Abydos which were reused in other buildings.

## InfoBox

| Tiy-Merenese | |
| --- | --- |
| *Queen consort of Egypt* | |
| Tiy-Merenese on a block found in Abydos (JE 36339). | |
| Spouse | Pharaoh Sethnakht |
| Issue | Ramesses III |
| Dynasty | 20th Dynasty |
| Religion | Ancient Egyptian religion |


title: Tiya (archaeological site)

abstract: Tiya is an archaeological site in central Ethiopia. It is located in the Soddo woreda, in the Gurage Zone of the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Region south of Addis Ababa. It is best known for its archaeological site its large stone pillars, many of which bear some form of decoration. The archeological site was designated a World Heritage Site in 1980, due to the unique nature of these monolithic monuments.

text:
# Tiya (archaeological site)

**Tiya** is an archaeological site in central Ethiopia. It is located in the Soddo woreda, in the Gurage Zone of the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Region south of Addis Ababa. It is best known for its archaeological site its large stone pillars, many of which bear some form of decoration. The archeological site was designated a World Heritage Site in 1980, due to the unique nature of these monolithic monuments.

## Overview

According to Joussaume (1995), who led archaeological work at Tiya, the site is relatively recent. It was dated to a time period between the 11th and 13th centuries CE. Later dating places the stelae's construction some time between the 10th and 15th centuries CE. However, the building of megaliths in Ethiopia is a very ancient tradition, with many such monuments predating the Common Era.

The menhir or stelae at the site, "32 of which are engraved with enigmatic symbols, notably swords," likely mark a large, prehistoric burial complex. A German ethnographic expedition had visited the site in April 1935, and had found at one hour's journey to the south of the caravan camp the stone monoliths with sword symbol, which had been seen earlier by Neuville and Père Azaïs.

Surface finds at Tiya contained a selection of Middle Stone Age tools (MSA) that are technologically similar to tools found at Gademotta and Kulkuletti. Because of a unique production process that uses what are called “tranchet blows”, Tiya tools might also belong to the same time span as these other two sites. Additionally, archaeological excavations at Tiya have yielded tombs.

## Gurage stelae

Tiya is one of nine megalithic pillar sites in the Gurage Zone. As of 1997, 118 stelae were reported in the area. Along with the stelae in the Hadiya Zone, the structures are identified by local residents as *Yegragn Dingay* or "Gran's stone", in reference to Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi (Ahmad "Gurey" or "Gran"), ruler of the Adal Sultanate.

The Gurage stelae are of three types: anthropomorphic stelae with human figures, phallic stelae, and stelae of neither anthropomorphic nor phallic type. The anthropomorphic and non-anthropomorphic/non-phallic stelae types are flat in shape, being the only stelae of this form in the southern region. Most of these stelae, including the 46 ones at Tiya, which are the largest of the bunch, also have distinctive, elaborate decorations. Among these designs are swords, plant-like symbols, and a standing human figure with arms akimbo. The plant and sword emblems can be found on the same stelae. The sword design is reportedly of local "Galla" type, as made by the Oromo. In addition, the Tiya rock slabs also often feature a T-shaped symbol.

The stelae at Tiya and other areas in central Ethiopia are similar to those on the route between Djibouti City and Loyada in Djibouti. In the latter area, there are a number of anthropomorphic and phallic stelae, which are associated with graves of rectangular shape flanked by vertical slabs. The Djibouti-Loyada stelae are of uncertain age, and some of them are adorned with an analogous T-shaped emblem.

## Research

Little research has been done at Tiya, and there are several difficulties in understanding these types of sites from an archaeological standpoint. First, it is difficult to determine the identity of the megalith builders given just the megaliths themselves. Second, archaeologists have been preoccupied with reconstructing ethnic histories through oral historical accounts, yet these are unavailable or uninformative in many cases.

## Further reading

* Roger Joussaume (editor), *Tiya, l'Éthiopie des Mégalithes, du Biface a l'Art Rupestre dans laCorne d'Afrique* (Paris: UNESCO/CNS, 1995).

## InfoBox

| Tiya | |
| --- | --- |
| Archaeological site | |
|  | |
| TiyaLocation in Ethiopia | |
| Coordinates: 8°26′N 38°37′E / 8.433°N 38.617°E / 8.433; 38.617 | |
| Country | Ethiopia |
| Region | Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region |
| Zone | Gurage |
|  | |
| UNESCO World Heritage Site | |
| Official name | Tiya |
| Type | Cultural |
| Criteria | i, iv |
| Designated | 1980 (4th session) |
| Reference no. | 12 |
| Region | Africa |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Today (Junkie XL album)

abstract: Today is the fourth album by the Dutch electronic music producer Junkie XL. It was released in 2006 and features vocals by Nathan Mader and acoustic and electric guitars by Holkenborg on several tracks. Honey is dedicated to and named after the mother of Holkenborg's former fiance.

text:
# Today (Junkie XL album)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| About.com | link |

**Today** is the fourth album by the Dutch electronic music producer Junkie XL (Tom Holkenborg). It was released in 2006 and features vocals by Nathan Mader and acoustic and electric guitars by Holkenborg on several tracks.

*Honey* is dedicated to and named after the mother of Holkenborg's former fiance.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Youthful" | 10:30 |
| 2. | "Mushroom" | 6:43 |
| 3. | "Such A Tease" | 5:52 |
| 4. | "Today" | 6:37 |
| 5. | "Drift Away" | 4:54 |
| 6. | "I've Got A Xerox To Copy" | 5:54 |
| 7. | "Even In This Moment" | 1:53 |
| 8. | "Yesterdays" | 3:54 |
| 9. | "Honey" | 3:51 |
| 10. | "We Become One" | 4:46 |

## Miscellaneous

* The song "Today" was featured on the soundtrack for the video games Burnout Legends and Burnout Revenge, as well as ESPN commercials for Major League Soccer in 2008.
* Junkie XL's former fiance Carolyn sang on the track "I've Got a Xerox to Copy."
* Part of melody in "Even In This Moment" sounds the same when played backwards.

## InfoBox

| Today | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Junkie XL | |
| Released | April 18, 2006 |
| Length | 55:11 |
| Label | Ultra Records |
| Producer | Junkie XL |
| Junkie XL chronology | |
| *Radio JXL: A Broadcast From the Computer Hell Cabin*
(2003) ***Today***
(2006) *Booming Back at You*
(2008) | |


title: Tom Kerwin

abstract: Thomas Vincent Kerwin is a retired American professional basketball player. Kerwin played college basketball at Centenary College of Louisiana. A 6'7" forward, Kerwin was taken in the 1966 NBA draft by the San Francisco Warriors with the 3rd pick in the 5th round. He played with the Pittsburgh Pipers for one season, his first game was on October 24, 1967. He played in 13 games, for 68 minutes in total, scoring 14 points on a.318 field goal percentage, while also recovering 20 rebounds. He did, however, stay on the team long enough to win an ABA championship with the team before retiring. Kerwin's brother Jim played basketball at Tulane University and for the Phillips 66ers, and was later a coach.

text:
# Tom Kerwin

**Thomas Vincent Kerwin** (born July 7, 1944) is a retired American professional basketball player. Kerwin played college basketball at Centenary College of Louisiana. A 6'7" forward, Kerwin was taken in the 1966 NBA draft by the San Francisco Warriors with the 3rd pick in the 5th round (43rd overall). He played with the Pittsburgh Pipers for one season, his first game was on October 24, 1967. He played in 13 games, for 68 minutes in total, scoring 14 points on a .318 field goal percentage, while also recovering 20 rebounds. He did, however, stay on the team long enough to win an ABA championship with the team before retiring.

Kerwin's brother Jim played basketball at Tulane University and for the Phillips 66ers, and was later a coach.

## InfoBox

Tom Kerwin
| Kerwin as a senior at Centenary | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Born | (1944-07-07) July 7, 1944 |
| Nationality | American |
| Listed height | 6 ft 7 in (2.01 m) |
| Listed weight | 210 lb (95 kg) |
| Career information | |
| High school | Long Branch<br>(Long Branch, New Jersey) |
| College | Centenary (1963–1966) |
| NBA draft | 1966: 5th round, 43rd overall pick |
| Selected by the San Francisco Warriors | |
| Position | Forward |
| Number | 40 |
| Career history | |
| 1967–1968 | Pittsburgh Pipers |
|  | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Stats  at Basketball-Reference.com | |


title: To & Fro

abstract: "To & Fro" is a single from Mattafix's debut album, Signs of a Struggle, released in 2005. The song features backing vocals from Sugababes member, Siobhán Donaghy. It was released as a download only single on 13 March 2006 in the United Kingdom.

text:
# To & Fro

"**To & Fro**" is a single from Mattafix's debut album, *Signs of a Struggle*, released in 2005. The song features backing vocals from Sugababes member, Siobhán Donaghy. It was released as a download only single on 13 March 2006 in the United Kingdom.

## Track listing

### Digital download

1. "To & Fro" (Winning Remix)
2. "To & Fro" (featuring Disiz La Peste)

### CD single

1. "To & Fro"
2. "11.30" (Sweetie Irie Remix) (featuring Babychan)

### EP

1. "To & Fro"
2. "To & Fro" (Desert Eagle Discs Remix)
3. "To & Fro" (Chicken Lips Remix)

## Charts

| Chart (2006) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Belgium (Ultratip Bubbling Under Flanders) | 6 |
| Belgium (Ultratip Bubbling Under Wallonia) | 7 |
| Czech Republic (Rádio – Top 100) | 12 |
| Germany (Official German Charts) | 73 |
| Italy (Italian Singles Chart) | 56 |
| Poland (ZPAV) | 30 |
| Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade) | 56 |
|

## InfoBox

| "To & Fro" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Mattafix | |
| from the album  *Signs of a Struggle* | |
| Released | 13 March 2006 |
| Recorded | 2006 |
| Length | 4:04 |
| Label | Virgin Records (EMI International), Angel Music, Beegood Limited, Buddhist Punk |
| Songwriter(s) | Marlon Roudette & P Hirji |
| Mattafix singles chronology | |
| "Big City Life"
(2005) "**To & Fro**"
(2006) "Cool Down the Pace"
(2006) | |


title: Tohfatu'l-Ahbab

abstract: Tohfatu'l-Ahbab is a Persian work by Muhammad Ali Kashmiri, presumably written in 1642. It is the biography of Shamsu'd-Din Muhammad Araki, a Shi'a Muslim missionary who visited Kashmir, Gilgit and Baltistan in the 15th and 16th century. Araki was the founder of the Nurbakhshiyyeh Sufi order in Kashmir. The work was translated into English by Kashi Nath Pandit.

text:
# Tohfatu'l-Ahbab

**Tohfatu'l-Ahbab** is a Persian work by Muhammad Ali Kashmiri, presumably written in 1642. It is the biography of Shamsu'd-Din Muhammad Araki, a Shi'a Muslim missionary who visited Kashmir, Gilgit and Baltistan in the 15th and 16th century. Araki was the founder of the Nurbakhshiyyeh Sufi order in Kashmir. The work was translated into English by Kashi Nath Pandit.

## Further reading

* Rafiqi, A. Q. (1994). "A Critical Assessment of "Tuhfatu'l Ahbab": A Source For The Socio-Economic History Of Kashmir During Sultanate Period". *Proceedings of the Indian History Congress*. **55**: 207–213. ISSN 2249-1937.


title: To the Shores of Hell

abstract: To the Shores of Hell is a 1966 Vietnam War film shot in Technicolor and Techniscope that was directed by Will Zens and starring Marshall Thompson, Richard Arlen, Dick O'Neill and Robert Dornan that was distributed by Crown International Pictures. Dornan may possibly have co-written the film as his mother's maiden name was "McFadden".

text:
# To the Shores of Hell

***To the Shores of Hell*** is a 1966 Vietnam War film shot in Technicolor and Techniscope that was directed by Will Zens and starring Marshall Thompson, Richard Arlen, Dick O'Neill and Robert Dornan that was distributed by Crown International Pictures. Dornan may possibly have co-written the film as his mother's maiden name was "McFadden".

## Plot

After observing war game manoeuvers as a referee, U.S. Marine Major Greg Donahue is posted to Da Nang, South Vietnam for his second tour of duty. He hears that his physician brother Gary has been seen alive in the area after being captured by the Viet Cong. Donahue is accompanied by a Marine Sergeant, an American Priest who was formerly an Army chaplain in the Korean War and a Vietnamese guide to free his brother.

## Cast

* Marshall Thompson as Maj. Greg Donahue
* Richard Arlen as Brig. Gen. F.W. Ramsgate
* Robert Dornan as Dr. Gary Donahue
* Bill Bierd as Gunnery Sgt. Bill Gabreski
* Richard Jordahl as Father Jack Bourget
* Kiva Lawrence as Mary
* Freeman Lusk as Capt. Lusk
* Dick O'Neill as Maj. Fred Howard
* Jeff Pearl as Mick Phin
* Marvin Yim as Maj. Toang

## Production

Master Sergeant William V. Bierd was a Marine veteran of World War II, China, Korea, and Vietnam. Besides playing Sgt Gabreski, Bierd was an uncredited technical advisor on the film as well as a technical advisor on Marine Corps uniforms to *Gomer Pyle USMC*.

The US Marine Corps allowed Zens to film amphibious landing exercises at Camp Pendleton that appeared at the start of the film. A Marine Corps HUS-1 helicopter was provided for the climax.

Toward the end of the movie, a radio operator said, "Loud and Clear, Miss Muffet, hold one", played by Gregory S. Morrison, a Marine Corps Private Second Class, from Camp Pendleton. When the movie played at the Northgate movie theater, adjacent to Texas A&M University, the marquee read "To the Shores of Hell - STARRING Gregory S. Morrison".

## InfoBox

| To the Shores of Hell | |
| --- | --- |
| Original film poster | |
| Directed by | Will Zens |
| Written by | Robert McFadden
Will Zens |
| Produced by | Will Zens
Robert Patrick |
| Starring | Marshall Thompson
Richard Arlen
Robert Dornan |
| Cinematography | Leif Rise |
| Music by | William A. Schaefer |
| Distributed by | Crown International Pictures |
| Release date | * March 16, 1966 (1966-03-16) |
| Running time | 82 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Languages | English
Vietnamese |


title: To the Sky (Owl City song)

abstract: "To the Sky" is a song by American electronica project Owl City from the 2010 film Legend of the Guardians: The Owls of Ga'Hoole. It was released as a single on August 31, 2010 via Universal Records and WaterTower Music. "To the Sky" was also featured as a bonus track on the German and Japanese deluxe releases of Owl City's third studio album, All Things Bright and Beautiful.

text:
# To the Sky (Owl City song)

"**To the Sky**" is a song by American electronica project Owl City from the 2010 film *Legend of the Guardians: The Owls of Ga'Hoole*. It was released as a single on August 31, 2010 via Universal Records and WaterTower Music. "To the Sky" was also featured as a bonus track on the German and Japanese deluxe releases of Owl City's third studio album, *All Things Bright and Beautiful*.

## Background and composition

On August 24, 2010, it was announced that Young had penned a new song to serve as the theme for the 2010 animated film, *Legend of the Guardians: The Owls of Ga'Hoole*. "To the Sky" was written and produced by Adam Young. He stated that it was an "incredible honor" working on the song for the film. Young also added, "As a fan of both the children's book series growing up, and Zack Snyder's work as a director, having my music included is pretty surreal. I've been waiting for someone to make a movie like this for some time now. I'm endlessly grateful to be involved." According to Young, the filmmakers wanted something upbeat and optimistic that fit the mood and aesthetic of the film. The track runs at 175 BPM and is in the key of B major.

## Music video

The music video for "To the Sky" premiered on September 15, 2010 via VEVO and was directed by Danny Yourd.

## Track listing

**Digital download**

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "To the Sky" | 3:39 |

**CD single**

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "To the Sky" | 3:42 |
| 2. | "To the Sky" (Music Video) | 3:49 |

## Charts

Chart performance for "To the Sky"
| Chart (2010) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| CIS (TopHit) | 187 |
| US Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles (*Billboard*) | 25 |
| US Rock Digital Song Sales (*Billboard*) | 13 |
|

## InfoBox

| "To the Sky" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Owl City | |
| from the album  *Legend of the Guardians: The Owls of Ga'Hoole* | |
| Released | August 31, 2010 |
| Genre | Pop |
| Length | 3:39 |
| Label |  |
| Songwriter(s) | Adam Young |
| Producer(s) | Young |
| Owl City singles chronology | |
| "Umbrella Beach"
(2010) "**To the Sky**"
(2010) "Peppermint Winter"
(2010) | |
|  | |
| Music video | |
| "To the Sky" on YouTube | |
|  | |


title: Tom Asmussen

abstract: Thomas William Asmussen was a Major League Baseball catcher. Asmussen played for the Boston Doves in 1907. In 2 career games, he had no hits in 5 at-bats. He threw right-handed and it is not known which hand he batted with. Asmussen was born in Chicago and died in Arlington Heights, Illinois.

text:
# Tom Asmussen

**Thomas William Asmussen** (September 26, 1878 – August 21, 1963) was a Major League Baseball catcher. Asmussen played for the Boston Doves in 1907. In 2 career games, he had no hits in 5 at-bats. He threw right-handed and it is not known which hand he batted with.

Asmussen was born in Chicago and died in Arlington Heights, Illinois.

## InfoBox

| Tom Asmussen | |
| --- | --- |
| **Catcher** | |
| **Born:** (1878-09-26)September 26, 1878
Chicago | |
| **Died:** August 21, 1963(1963-08-21) (aged 84)
Arlington Heights, Illinois | |
| **Batted:** Unknown**Threw:** Right | |
| MLB debut | |
| August 10, 1907, for the Boston Doves | |
| Last MLB appearance | |
| August 19, 1907, for the Boston Doves | |
| MLB statistics | |
| Games played | 2 |
| At bats | 5 |
| Hits | 0 |
|  | |
| Teams | |
|  | |


title: Tom Lubensky

abstract: Tom C. Lubensky is an American physicist. He is currently the Christopher H. Browne Distinguished Professor at the University of Pennsylvania, where he was Mary Amanda Wood professor of physics (1998–2009) and chair of the Department of Physics and Astronomy.

text:
# Tom Lubensky

**Tom C. Lubensky** (born Kansas City, Missouri 7 May 1943) is an American physicist. He is currently the Christopher H. Browne Distinguished Professor at the University of Pennsylvania, where he was Mary Amanda Wood professor of physics (1998–2009) and chair of the Department of Physics and Astronomy.

## Biography

Dr. Lubensky received his B.S. in physics from the California Institute of Technology in 1964 and both his M.A. (1965) and Ph.D. (1969) in physics from Harvard University. He was an NSF Postdoctoral Fellow at the University of Paris in Orsay (1969–70) and a postdoctoral research associate at Brown University (1970–71). He joined the University of Pennsylvania in 1971, promoted to associate professor in 1975 and to full professor in 1980.

## Memberships

He is a fellow of the American Physical Society (1985), American Association for the Advancement of Science (2000), elected member of the National Academy of Sciences (2002) and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (2007), Alfred P. Sloan Fellow (1975–77), Guggenheim Fellow (1981), and honored member of the International Liquid Crystal Society.

## Awards

In 2004 Dr. Lubensky received Oliver E. Buckley Condensed Matter Prize for seminal contributions to the theory of condensed matter systems including the prediction and elucidation of the properties of new, partially ordered phases of complex materials. Lubensky also was named to the Patricia M. Williams Term Chair at the University of Pennsylvania from 1995 to 1998.

## Books

Lubensky is the coauthor of the textbook *Principles of Condensed Matter Physics* (ISBN 0-521-43224-3) with Paul Chaikin.


abstract: "We Hate You/Five Knuckle Shuffle" is a single by English industrial band Throbbing Gristle. It was released as a limited-edition 7" vinyl single by French record label Sordide Sentimental in May 1979.

text:
# We Hate You (Little Girls)/Five Knuckle Shuffle

"**We Hate You (Little Girls)/Five Knuckle Shuffle**" is a single by English industrial band Throbbing Gristle. It was released as a limited-edition 7" vinyl single by French record label Sordide Sentimental in May 1979.

## Background

The A-side, "We Hate You (Little Girls)", plays at 33 RPM, while the B-side, "Five Knuckle Shuffle", is 45 RPM. "Five Knuckle Shuffle" is slang for masturbation.

## Release

The single came in a double-gatefold A4-size sleeve. Both tracks were later released on the CD version of *D.o.A: The Third and Final Report of Throbbing Gristle*.

## Track listing

Side A
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "We Hate You (Little Girls)" | 2:07 |

Side B
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Five Knuckle Shuffle" | 6:42 |

## InfoBox

| "We Hate You (Little Girls)" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Throbbing Gristle | |
| A-side | "We Hate You (Little Girls)" |
| B-side | "Five Knuckle Shuffle" |
| Released | May 1979 |
| Recorded | 1976–1978 |
| Genre | Industrial, noise |
| Label | Industrial |
| Producer(s) | Throbbing Gristle |
| Throbbing Gristle singles chronology | |
| "United/Zyklon B Zombie"
(1978) "**We Hate You (Little Girls)**"
(1979) "Subhuman/Something Came Over Me"
(1980) | |
|  | |
| Alternate cover | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Swatara Ferry House

abstract: Swatara Ferry House, also known as "Old Fort," is a historic home located at Middletown, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania. It is a 1+1⁄2-story log building with a full stone foundation and cellar, built in two sections. It is believed to date to about 1820. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.

text:
# Swatara Ferry House

**Swatara Ferry House**, also known as "Old Fort," is a historic home located at Middletown, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania. It is a 1+12-story log building with a full stone foundation and cellar, built in two sections. It is believed to date to about 1820. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Swatara Ferry House | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | 400 Swatara St., Middletown, Pennsylvania |
| Coordinates | 40°11′29″N 76°43′57″W / 40.19139°N 76.73250°W / 40.19139; -76.73250 |
| Area | 0.5 acres (0.20 ha) |
| Built | c. 1820 |
| Architectural style | German Plan |
| NRHP reference No. | 76001635 |
| Added to NRHP | September 27, 1976 |


title: We're No Here

abstract: "We're No Here" is a song by Scottish post-rock band, Mogwai, from their 2006 album, Mr Beast. It has been used in a number of films and television programmes. It is one of the more basic, heavier, rock-oriented songs from Mr Beast, often being used as a set closer - usually ending in a sonic assault of feedback. The title is apparently based on a Celtic football club chant about former manager Martin O'Neill.

text:
# We're No Here

"**We're No Here**" is a song by Scottish post-rock band, Mogwai, from their 2006 album, Mr Beast. It has been used in a number of films and television programmes. It is one of the more basic, heavier, rock-oriented songs from Mr Beast, often being used as a set closer - usually ending in a sonic assault of feedback. The title is apparently based on a Celtic football club chant about former manager Martin O'Neill.

## Uses

## InfoBox

| "We're No Here" | |
| --- | --- |
| Song by Mogwai | |
| from the album  *Mr Beast* | |
| Released | 6 March 2006 (2006-03-06) |
| Studio | Castle of Doom, Glasgow, Scotland |
| Genre | Post-rock |
| Length | 5:39 |
| Label | Rock Action |
| Songwriter(s) | Francis Barry Burns |
| Producer(s) | Tony Doogan |


title: Mount Bond (Antarctica)

abstract: Mount Bond is a mountain just south of Mount Rhodes, in the Tula Mountains in Enderby Land. Plotted from air photos taken from ANARE aircraft in 1956. Named by Antarctic Names Committee of Australia (ANCA) for E. Bond, a member of the crew of the Discovery during the British Australian New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition (BANZARE), 1929–31.

text:
# Mount Bond (Antarctica)

**Mount Bond** (66°49′S 51°7′E / 66.817°S 51.117°E / -66.817; 51.117) is a mountain just south of Mount Rhodes, in the Tula Mountains in Enderby Land. Plotted from air photos taken from ANARE (Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions) aircraft in 1956. Named by Antarctic Names Committee of Australia (ANCA) for E. Bond, a member of the crew of the Discovery during the British Australian New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition (BANZARE), 1929–31.

This article incorporates public domain material from "Mount Bond (Antarctica)". *Geographic Names Information System*. United States Geological Survey.


title: Toloonops

abstract: Toloonops is a genus of spiders in the family Oonopidae. It was first described in 2015 by Bolzern, Platnick & Berniker. As of 2017, it contains 7 species.

text:
# Toloonops

***Toloonops*** is a genus of spiders in the family Oonopidae. It was first described in 2015 by Bolzern, Platnick & Berniker. As of 2017, it contains 7 species.

## Species

*Toloonops* comprises the following species:

## InfoBox

| *Toloonops* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Oonopidae |
| Genus: | *Toloonops*
Berniker |
|
| Type species | |
| *Toloonops chiapa*
 | |
| Species | |
| 7, see text | |


title: Poljana, Požega-Slavonia County

abstract: Poljana is a village near Lipik, Croatia.

text:
# Poljana, Požega-Slavonia County

**Poljana** is a village near Lipik, Croatia.

## InfoBox

| Poljana | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
|  | |
| Poljana | |
| Coordinates: 45°28′12″N 16°58′48″E / 45.47000°N 16.98000°E / 45.47000; 16.98000 | |
| Country | Croatia |
| County | Požega-Slavonia |
| Town | Lipik |
| Area | |
| Total | 12.5 km2 (4.8 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | |
| Total | 425 |
| Density | 34/km2 (88/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: Zaida Cantera

abstract: Zaida Cantera de Castro is a Spanish retired military officer and politician currently affiliated with the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE). She has been a deputy for Madrid in the 11th and 12th Legislatures.

text:
# Zaida Cantera

**Zaida Cantera de Castro** (born 6 June 1977) is a Spanish retired military officer and politician currently affiliated with the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE). She has been a deputy for Madrid in the 11th and 12th Legislatures.

## Military career

Zaida Cantera entered the General Military Academy in 1997, receiving her specialization in Signals at the Engineers and Signals School, where she graduated in 2003, receiving her commission as lieutenant. She also holds master's degrees in Networks and Information Systems and Communication and Information Systems for Security and Defense.

She was assigned to the Signals Unit of the Armored Brigade and participated in international missions such as the conflicts in Kosovo and Lebanon, reaching the rank of major in the Army. After returning from the latter country she began to suffer sexual harassment from a superior, a fact that she denounced before the Central Military Court. In 2014, she requested her departure from the Armed Forces and was definitively discharged in 2015. Cantera recounted these episodes of harassment in the book *No, mi general*, in co-authorship with UPyD deputy Irene Lozano.

## Political career

On 20 December 2015, Cantera was elected a member of the Congress of Deputies as part of the PSOE list for Madrid. In the investiture vote of Mariano Rajoy, she was one of the 15 socialist MP's not that abstained from voting against the party lines, and she joined the PSOE on 5 January 2017 in order to vote in the primaries of the 39th federal congress in favor of Pedro Sánchez.

## InfoBox

| Zaida CanteraMP | |
| --- | --- |
| 2016 | |
|  | |
| Member of the Congress of Deputies | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
5 January 2016 | |
| Constituency | Madrid |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Zaida Cantera de Castro
(1977-06-06) 6 June 1977
Madrid, Spain |
| Political party | PSOE |
| Alma mater | General Military Academy |
| Occupation | Politician, military officer |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | Spain |
| Branch/service | Army |
| Years of service | 2003–2015 |
| Rank | Major |
| Unit | Engineers and Signals Corps |
| Awards |  |
|  | |


abstract: Admiral Sir William Young GCB was an officer of the Royal Navy who saw service during the American War of Independence, and the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. He should not be confused with his namesake and near contemporary Admiral William Young. Young was born into a naval family, with his father, James Young, and his half-brother, James Young also serving in the navy and rising to flag rank. William Young served on a variety of ships and rose to his own commands during the American War of Independence. Using his connections to continue in service during the years of peace, he was almost immediately given command of a ship on the outbreak of the wars with the France and served initially in the Mediterranean during the siege of Toulon, at the reduction of Corsica, and at the battles of Genoa and Hyères Islands. Promoted to flag rank soon after these events, he returned to England and joined the Board of Admiralty. He rose through the ranks during his time in office, serving in his official capacity during the Spithead and Nore mutinies, as commander at Plymouth, and as senior officer during the court martial of Lord Gambier after the Battle of the Basque Roads. He returned to an active command at sea in 1811 with responsibility for blockading the Dutch coast until the end of the war. He received further promotions, and reached the rank of Admiral of the Red, with the position of Vice-Admiral of the United Kingdom before his death in 1821.

text:
# William Young (Royal Navy officer, born 1751)

Admiral **Sir William Young** GCB (16 August 1751 – 25 October 1821) was an officer of the Royal Navy who saw service during the American War of Independence, and the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. He should not be confused with his namesake and near contemporary Admiral William Young.

Young was born into a naval family, with his father, James Young, and his half-brother, James Young also serving in the navy and rising to flag rank. William Young served on a variety of ships and rose to his own commands during the American War of Independence. Using his connections to continue in service during the years of peace, he was almost immediately given command of a ship on the outbreak of the wars with the France and served initially in the Mediterranean during the siege of Toulon, at the reduction of Corsica, and at the battles of Genoa and Hyères Islands. Promoted to flag rank soon after these events, he returned to England and joined the Board of Admiralty.

He rose through the ranks during his time in office, serving in his official capacity during the Spithead and Nore mutinies, as commander at Plymouth, and as senior officer during the court martial of Lord Gambier after the Battle of the Basque Roads. He returned to an active command at sea in 1811 with responsibility for blockading the Dutch coast until the end of the war. He received further promotions, and reached the rank of Admiral of the Red, with the position of Vice-Admiral of the United Kingdom before his death in 1821.

## Family and early life

Young was born on 16 August 1751, the eldest of five children of James Young, himself a distinguished naval officer who rose to the rank of admiral, and his wife Elizabeth. Elizabeth died sometime before 1762, and his father married Sophia Vasmer, having at least two children. The eldest son by his second marriage, James, also embarked on a naval career and became a rear-admiral of the blue. William Young entered the navy in April 1761, joining the 50-gun HMS *Guernsey* under Captain Mark Milbanke as captain's servant. He joined the 8-gun HMS *Wasp* in December 1762, but rejoined *Guernsey* in October 1764. The *Guernsey* was by now under Commodore Hugh Palliser. Young took and passed his lieutenant's examination on 10 January 1769, and received his promotion on 12 November 1770 with a posting to the 16-gun HMS *Nautilus*, which was then at Plymouth.

He joined the 64-gun HMS *Trident*, which was then in the Mediterranean as the flagship of Sir Peter Denis, as her fourth lieutenant. He served aboard her for several years, until becoming third lieutenant of the 50-gun HMS *Portland* on 23 January 1775. The *Portland* was at the time his father's flagship, at the Leeward Islands. Service in the American War of Independence created opportunities for aspiring young officers, and he received his first command, that of the sloop HMS *Snake*, on 10 May 1777. The post was confirmed on 23 September 1778, and the same day he was again promoted and made captain of the 24-gun HMS *Hind*. He moved to take over the 32-gun HMS *Ambuscade* on 15 April 1782, and remained with her until the end of the war. He remained on active service during the peace, surviving the drawdown of the navy to be given command the 36-gun HMS *Perseverance* in October 1787. He then briefly commanded the 36-gun HMS *Crescent* from 10 May until November 1790.

## French Revolutionary Wars

As war with Revolutionary France approached, the navy expanded, and on 31 January 1793 Young was given command of the 74-gun HMS *Fortitude*. He took *Fortitude* out to the Mediterranean to join the fleet under Lord Hood, where he took part in the occupation and siege of Toulon. With the fall of the city to the republicans, Hood decided to establish a base at Corsica. He sent a squadron under Commodore Robert Linzee, and consisting of three ships of the line and two frigates, with troops under Major-General David Dundas, to Mortella Bay.\[a\] The troops were landed on 7 February 1794, and on 9 February *Fortitude* and *Juno* were sent to bombard a tower, just south of Pointe de la Mortella. Capturing the tower was necessary to secure the bay, but it proved highly resistant to bombardment, and despite only being armed with one 24-pounder gun, inflicted heavy damage on the British ships. After two hours of bombardment *Fortitude* had been nearly set on fire by hot shot, and was forced to retreat with six men killed and fifty-six wounded.\[b\]

## Flag rank and the Board of Admiralty

Young continued to serve with Hood's forces, and was active in the sieges of Bastia and Calvi, being awarded the honorary rank of colonel of marines on 4 July 1794. He was present with the fleet at the Battle of Genoa on 14 March 1795 and the Battle of Hyères Islands on 13 July 1795 under Vice-Admiral Sir William Hotham. He had been advanced to the rank of rear admiral of the white on 1 June 1795, and returned to England in autumn that year escorting a convoy. He joined the Board of Admiralty on 20 November, serving as one of the Lords Commissioners until 19 February 1801. He visited Spithead in April 1797, during the mutiny there, as part of the committee of conciliation sent by the board. Though professionally Young maintained the official line on the events, privately he appears to have been somewhat sympathetic to the seamen's complaints, and in a letter to Captain Charles Morice Pole remarked that ‘a sad want of energy and of particular attention to duty which the government of large bodies of men requires especially in these times and an absent or indifferent man can produce incalculable mischief’. Consequently, during his tenure at the Admiralty he tried to improve conditions and tighten discipline.

## Command at Plymouth

Young attended the thanksgiving service for the recent naval victories at St Paul's Cathedral late in 1797.\[c\] He was promoted to vice-admiral of the blue on 14 February 1799, the second anniversary of Sir John Jervis's victory at the Battle of St Vincent, and was further advanced to vice-admiral of the white on 1 January 1801. He was promoted to vice-admiral of the red on 23 April 1804, and on 18 May was appointed Commander-in-Chief, Plymouth. His time at Plymouth was marked with conflict with a junior officer, Lord Cochrane, who accused Young of excessive greed in the matter of prize money, but this was a common dispute between officers, and Young followed common naval practice in his orders. He was advanced to admiral of the blue on 9 November 1805, but had been suffering ill health and fatigue during his posting and stepped down from his post in 1807. He declined the offer to lead the expedition to the Baltic in 1807, and instead the position was given to Sir James Gambier. He continued in his post as Commander-in-Chief, Plymouth for several more years.

### Gambier's court martial

Young was later appointed the senior admiral at the board of the court martial held against Gambier in July 1809, to investigate Gambier's actions at the Battle of the Basque Roads. Gambier's principle critic was Lord Cochrane, who went on to accuse Young of undue bias in Gambier's favour, but Cochrane had already clashed with Young over the matter of prize money, and had accused Young of inefficiency in outfitting ships during his time at Plymouth when Cochrane was MP for Westminster. Young did object to Cochrane's discursive answers during the court martial, but does not seem to have been any more hostile than the other members of the board.

Young was advanced to admiral of the white on 31 July 1810 and in spring 1811 he became Commander-in-Chief, North Sea. His task was to blockade the Dutch fleet, and he hoisted his flag aboard the 83-gun HMS *Christian VII* on his arrival at the Downs on 26 April. The fleet was in good order to carry out the blockade, though afflicted by shortages of men. Young had the support of the First Lord of the Admiralty, Charles Philip Yorke, though the blockade proved an arduous task, consisted of constant cruises, with shortages of ships, men and supplies, and the problems of bad weather. He hoped to lure the French fleet out of Flushing, but the French declined to come out. He hoped to be given command of the Channel Fleet, but when the appointment was given to Lord Keith in February 1812, Young felt he had been undermined, and resigned. Yorke persuaded him to return to his command, which he held until the end of the war. He was invested a Knight Companion of the Bath on 28 July 1814, and with the reconstruction of the order the following year, became a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath on 2 January 1815.

## Later years

Young became deputy present of the Naval Charitable Society, and Rear-Admiral of the United Kingdom on 14 May 1814. He was made Vice-Admiral of the United Kingdom on 18 July 1819 after the death of Sir William Cornwallis, but by now was troubled by his failing health, and spent November 1818 at Bath. He died, aged 70, at his house in Queen Anne Street, North London, on 25 October 1821 after a short illness.

## Assessment

Admiral Sir William Hotham described Young during his time at the Admiralty as being ‘diligent in application, clear in method and generally informed’. Young's biographer, P. K. Crimmin described his command of the Dutch blockade as being 'well performed and praiseworthy', while describing him as a 'conventional upholder and representative of the existing naval social order, though aware of the need for some reform and having some sympathy with seamen's grievances.' His opposition to Cochrane's radicalism and insubordinate attitude to superior officers led to him being harshly criticised by Cochrane's admirers, such as Captain Frederick Marryat, who included him in his novel *Frank Mildmay* as 'Sir Hurricane Humbug'. Sir William Hotham instead declared that his manners 'tho' rather formal and cold, were those of a perfect gentleman, while he had the most punctilious sense of integrity'.

**a.** **^** The ships were three 74-gun third rates; HMS *Alcide*, carrying Linzee's broad pennant and under Captain Woodley, HMS *Egmont* under J. Dickson, and *Fortitude* under Young. Accompanying them were the 32-gun frigates HMS *Juno* and HMS *Lowestoffe*, under Captains Samuel Hood and William Wolsey respectively.

**b.** **^** The tower eventually fell to land-based forces under Sir John Moore after two days of heavy fighting. The effectiveness of the tower, when properly supplied and defended, impressed the British, who copied the design for what they would call Martello towers.

**c.** **^** The victories commemorated were Lord Howe's at the Glorious First of June, Sir John Jervis's at St Vincent, and Adam Duncan's at Camperdown.

## Citations

## InfoBox

| Admiral
Sir William Young | |
| --- | --- |
| *A First Rate Man of War, taken from the Dockyard Plymouth*, an 1809 caricature of William Young while commander at Plymouth, by Robert Dighton | |
| Born | (1751-08-16)16 August 1751 |
| Died | 25 October 1821(1821-10-25) (aged 70)
Queen Anne Street, London |
| Allegiance | United Kingdom |
| Service/branch | Royal Navy |
| Years of service | 1761 – 1821 |
| Rank | Admiral of the Red |
| Commands |  |
| Battles/wars |  |
| Awards | Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath |
| Relations | James Young (father)
James Young (half-brother) |


title: Tohjiro

abstract: Chishō Itō Tohjiro or TOHJIRO is an adult video (AV) director and the founder of the AV studio Dogma.

text:
# Tohjiro

**Tohjiro** or **TOHJIRO** is an adult video (AV) director and the founder of the AV studio Dogma.

## Life and career

Tohjiro, whose real name is Chishō Itō (伊藤智生), was born in 1956 in the Roppongi district of Tokyo. He started out as an independent film director. He wrote and directed the film *Gondola* (ゴンドラ), which was released theatrically in October 1987 and later as a DVD. The film won him the Best New Director award at the 1988 Yokohama Film Festival.

### Early AV career

Tohjiro made his first AV in 1989 (released in January 1990) titled *Blue Film* (ブルーフィルム) and starring early AV Idol Nao Saejima for Kaoru Adachi's recently founded studio V&R Planning. His December 1991 video for V&R Planning, *New Female Teacher Special: Dangerous Sailor Story After School*, was the first of a long and popular series.

In the first half of the 1990s decade, in addition to V&R Planning, Tohjiro also directed for several other early AV studios including VIP, Cosmos Plan, Alice Japan, Max-A and Kuki. During this period, Tohjiro made videos covering most of the common styles and genres popular in Japanese pornography including cosplay (*Uniform Connection 13* & *Uniform Connection 16*), anal sex (*Fall of the Virgin*), simulated rape (*Ayano Kotobuki in Sexy Teacher Hunt*) and vibrator and vegetable play (*Erotic Sensuality, Shocking Fuck*). He also made some early works with bondage themes for CineMagic including an entry in the CineMagic "Immoral Angel" series, the September 1996 *Immoral Angel 25*, and one for the "Slave Secretary" series, *Abnormal Privacy: Slave Secretary 16*, in January 1997.

Tohjiro celebrated his 200th video as a director with *Incomplete, Chisato Aihara* for Shy in July 1997. He twice won an award from the Tokyo-based AV magazine *Orange Communications* (オレンジ通信) which ended its long publishing history in 2009.

### SOD

Up to 1997 Tohjiro had been mainly working for the older major rental-video oriented studios but in that year he joined the recently formed independent or "indie" studio Soft On Demand (SOD) which sold its videos to the general market and had looser content standards. Beginning in December 1997, SOD released a series of Tohjiro branded videos on their Hamlet label beginning with *Real Fetish* labeled as TJ-001. This VHS tape, which was released as a DVD in 2002, has actress Sanae Asō in a variety of bondage and S&M fetish situations including having sex while covered in animal entrails.

Tohjiro also continued directing for other studios, including Yuri Komuro's first video for Alice Japan, *Sexy Butt* from January 1998 where she plays an alien from outer space who has sex with earthmen, and two entries in h.m.p.'s S&M genre Kitan Club label in April and June 1998.

Tohjiro is credited with launching the career of AV Idol Kurumi Morishita at SOD, the actress most closely associated with his work for many years. He directed her first video *Ubu* released in September 1998.

In December 1999, Ganari Takahashi, the founder and chief at SOD, banned Tohjiro from making porn videos with SOD for a year, telling him to "go away and fix your porn-addicted brain! Your recent movies have lost their edge!" For that year, Tohjiro worked on softcore V-Cinema films for SOD including the May 2000 VHS production *Lovely Woman Teacher* (愛しの女教師) starring Mirei Asaoka and the October 2000 *Nude Hostess* (全裸若女将) with Kurumi Morishita. This was followed in December by *nana* (なな) starring Chinatsu Itō. All three VHS videos were later released by SOD in DVD format

### Dogma

After a year Tohjiro returned saying "I'm going to start a revolution at SOD!" In February 2001, he formed the Dogma label as part of the SOD group. His first release under the Dogma label appeared in April 2001, *Innocent Desire*, with his favorite actress Kurumi Morishita. A year later Tohjiro separated Dogma from SOD to form an independent company. When Dogma became a separate company, Morishita left SOD to join Dogma and Tohjiro as a contract actress.

Under Tohjiro, Dogma has been successful as a company specializing in extreme fetish videos which include bondage, forced fellatio and various S&M themes. In December 2005 Tohjiro and Morishita returned to make peace at their old studio SOD with *Stripper*, a lesbian love story with SOD star Nana Natsume.

In addition to Morishita, other AV Idols who have worked extensively at Dogma with Tohjiro are Mayura Hoshitsuki, Chihiro Hasegawa, Maki Tomoda and Marin Izumi. With a few other actresses, they make up the group known as Tohjiro's M (Masochist) Women. Tohjiro instituted a separate hardcore S&M themed label, CORE SM, in December 2005 with its first release being *Maki Tomoda - Bound Masochistic Slave*.

Beginning in 2005, Dogma sponsored the D-1 Climax (D-1 クライマックス) awards as a competition for directors inside and outside of the Dogma studio. Tohjiro won the 1st Place award in 2005 and 2006 but finished 9th in 2007, the last year of the contest.

Tohjiro entered one of his Dogma videos, *Vomit Enema Ecstasy X* in the 2009 AV Grand Prix competition and made some waves by declaring all-out war by his small "indie" company to defeat the favorite, top studio S1 No. 1 Style. S1 did take the GrandPrix prize and several others, but Tohjiro made good on part of his boast by winning the Digital Sales Award and the 2 million yen (about $20,000) prize money.

## InfoBox

| TOHJIRO | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Chishō Itō
1956 (age 6768)
Tokyo, Japan |
| Occupation(s) | Film director
Screenwriter |
| Years active | 1987 |


title: Tohir Malik

abstract: Tohir Malik was an Uzbek novelist and story writer. He was awarded Uzbek National Writer in 2000. Multiple films were made based on his novels and fictions, such as Last bullet in 1994.

text:
# Tohir Malik

**Tohir Malik** (27 December 1946 – 16 May 2019) was an Uzbek novelist and story writer. He was awarded Uzbek National Writer in 2000. Multiple films were made based on his novels and fictions, such as *Last bullet* (Uzbek language|Uzbek: *So’nggi o’q*) in 1994.

## Biography

Tohir Malik was born on 27 December 1946, in Tashkent, in a family of military workers. Malik faced difficulties in his childhood in the aftermath of World War II. These difficulties kept Malik from attending secondary school. He instead learned from his older brothers and sisters. Uzbek writer and interpreter Mirzakalon Ismoiliy was his uncle, who was killed by the government in 1949.

Tohir's first story was written and published in 1960, *Gulxan* magazine. In 1963 he entered Tashkent State University and studied journalism. Malik practiced writing short tales, and started writing in fantasy genre, which was new to Uzbekistan. As a student he wrote "Hikmat afandining o'limi", the first ever fantasy fiction story in the history of Uzbekistan. His novels and stories were translated into Russian and other languages. *So'nggi o'q* led to a 7 part film, while *Shaytanat*a generated a 20 episode series.

After graduation Tohir taught in many schools, and became the department director of "Lenin uchquni". He then worked in Republican tele-radio union, for publisher Gulistan and for the Uzbek writers union.

He died in 2019.

## Contributions

Tohir's work became famous in Uzbekistan. His novel *Shaytanat* is read in former Soviet Union countries. He helped develop the detective genre in Uzbekistan, penning *Falak*, *Somon yo’li elchilari*, *Tiriklik suvi*, *Zaharli g’ubor* (rereleased as “Vasvasa”), *Chorrahada qolgan odamlar* (rereleased as *Devona*), *Charxpalak*, *Qaldirg’och* (rereleased as *Savohil)*, *Bir ko’cha bir kecha*, *So’nggi o’q*, *Shaytanat*, *Ov*, *Murdalar gapirmaydi*, *Iblis devori*, *Talvasa*, *Mehmon tuyg'ular*, *Jinoyatning uzun yo'li*, *Odamiylik mulki*, *Eng kichik jinoyat* and *Tilla kalamush*

## Honors

Tohir was awarded "Uzbekistan's national writer" in 2000 by the edict of President Islam Karimov.

## InfoBox

| Tohir Malik | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | Tohir Malik
(1946-12-27)27 December 1946
Tashkent, Uzbek SSR, Soviet Union |
| Died | 16 May 2019(2019-05-16) (aged 72) |
| Occupation | Novelist |
| Nationality | Uzbek |
| Period | 1960–2019 |
| Genre | Detective, scientific fiction |
| Notable works | *Shaytanat* series |
| Website | |
| tohirmalik.uz | |


title: Tom Van Flandern

abstract: Thomas Charles Van Flandern was an American astronomer and author who specialized in celestial mechanics. Van Flandern had a career as a professional scientist but was noted as an outspoken proponent of certain fringe views in astronomy, physics, and extraterrestrial life. He also published the non-mainstream Meta Research Bulletin.

text:
# Tom Van Flandern

**Thomas Charles Van Flandern** (June 26, 1940 – January 9, 2009) was an American astronomer and author who specialized in celestial mechanics. Van Flandern had a career as a professional scientist but was noted as an outspoken proponent of certain fringe views in astronomy, physics, and extraterrestrial life. He also published the non-mainstream *Meta Research Bulletin*.

## Biography

Tom Van Flandern was the first child of Robert F. Van Flandern, a police officer, and Anna Mary Haley. His father left the family when Tom was 5. His mother died when he was 16; he and his siblings then lived with their grandmother, Margery Jobe, until he went to college. He graduated from Saint Ignatius High School in Cleveland. While there, he helped start the Cleveland branch of Operation Moonwatch, an amateur science program initiated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory to track satellites. He also helped found a Moonwatchers team while studying at Xavier University; this team broke a tracking record in 1961.

Van Flandern graduated from Xavier University with a B.S. in mathematics (*cum laude*) in 1962 and was awarded a teaching fellowship at Georgetown University. He attended Yale University on a scholarship sponsored by the U.S. Naval Observatory (USNO), joining USNO in 1963. In 1969, he received a Ph.D. in astronomy from Yale after completing his dissertation on lunar occultations.

Van Flandern worked at the USNO until 1983, first becoming Chief of the Research Branch and later becoming Chief of the Celestial Mechanics Branch of the Nautical Almanac Office. His espousal of highly non-mainstream beliefs, particularly the exploded planet hypothesis, eventually led to his separation from the USNO. He later said, "This forced me to the 'fringes,' areas of astronomy not accepted as credible by experts of the field".

Following his separation from the USNO, Van Flandern started a business organizing eclipse-viewing expeditions and promoting his non-mainstream views in a newsletter and website. Shortly after he died in 2009, the asteroid 52266 Van Flandern was named in his honor because of his prediction and analysis of lunar occultations at the U.S. Naval Observatory and publications of papers on the dynamics of binary minor planets.

He married Barbara Ann Weber (1942-2018) in 1963 in Kentucky, and they had three sons, Michael, Brian, and Kevin, and a daughter, Connie. The couple moved to Sequim, Washington, from the East Coast in 2005 to be closer to their children and grandchildren.

Tom Van Flandern died of colon cancer in Seattle, Washington.

## Mainstream scientific work

During the mid-1970s, Van Flandern believed that lunar observations gave evidence of variation in Newton's gravitational constant (*G*), consistent with a speculative idea that had been put forward by Paul Dirac. In 1974, his essay "A Determination of the Rate of Change of G" was awarded second place by the Gravity Research Foundation. However, in later years, with new data available, Van Flandern himself admitted his findings were flawed and contradicted by more accurate findings based on radio measurements with the Viking landers.

Van Flandern and Henry Fliegel developed a compact algorithm to calculate a Julian date from a Gregorian date that would fit on a single IBM card. They described this in a letter to the editor of a computing magazine in 1968. This was available for use in business applications.

With Kenneth Pulkkinen, he published "Low precision formulae for planetary positions" in the Astrophysical Journal Supplement in 1979. The paper set a record for the number of reprints requested from that journal.

Following claims by David Dunham in 1978 to have detected satellites for some asteroids (notably 532 Herculina) by examining the light patterns during stellar occultations, Van Flandern and others began to report similar observations. His non-mainstream 1978 prediction that some asteroids have natural satellites, which was almost universally rejected at the time, was later proven correct when the *Galileo* spacecraft photographed Dactyl, a satellite of 243 Ida, during its flyby in 1993.

## Non-mainstream science and beliefs

Van Flandern described in his 1993 book *Dark Matter, Missing Planets, New Comets* how he had become increasingly dissatisfied with the mainstream views of science by the early 1980s. He wrote:

"Events in my life caused me to start questioning my goals and the correctness of everything I had learned. In matters of religion, medicine, biology, physics, and other fields, I came to discover that reality differed seriously from what I had been taught."

In his book, on blogs, lectures, newsletters, and websites, Van Flandern focused on problems in cosmology and physics. He alleged that when experimental evidence is incompatible with mainstream scientific theories, mainstream scientists refuse to acknowledge this to avoid jeopardizing their funding.

### Exploding planets

In 1976, while Van Flandern worked for the USNO, he began to promote the belief that major planets sometimes explode. Van Flandern also speculated that the origin of the human species may well have been on the planet Mars, which he believed was once a moon of a now-exploded "Planet V".

### Le Sage's theory of gravitation and the speed of gravity

Van Flandern supported Georges-Louis Le Sage's theory of gravitation, according to which gravity is the result of a flux of invisible "ultra-mundane corpuscles" impinging on all objects from all directions at superluminal speeds. He gave public lectures in which he claimed that these particles could be used as a limitless source of free energy and to provide superluminal propulsion for spacecraft.

In 1998 Van Flandern wrote a paper asserting that astronomical observations imply that gravity propagates at least twenty billion times faster than light, or even infinitely fast. Gerald E. Marsh, Charles Nissim-Sabat and Steve Carlip demonstrated that Van Flandern's argument was fallacious.

### Face on Mars

Van Flandern was a prominent advocate of the belief that certain geological features seen on Mars, especially the "face at Cydonia", are not of natural origin but were produced by intelligent extraterrestrial life, probably the inhabitants of a major planet once located where the asteroid belt presently exists, and which Van Flandern believed had exploded 3.2 million years ago. The claimed artificiality of the "face" was also the topic of a chapter of his 1993 book.

### Rejection of Big Bang cosmology

Van Flandern was a vocal opponent of the Big Bang model in cosmology and believed in a static universe instead. In 2008, he organized the "Crisis in Cosmology"; a conference of individuals who opposed the Big Bang cosmological models.

*

## InfoBox

| Thomas Charles Van Flandern | |
| --- | --- |
| Thomas Van Flandern in 2007 | |
| Born | (1940-06-26)June 26, 1940
Cleveland, Ohio |
| Died | January 9, 2009(2009-01-09) (aged 68)
Seattle, Washington |
| Nationality | American |
| Alma mater | Yale University, Xavier University |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Astronomy and fringe-science |
| Institutions | U.S. Naval Observatory, Meta Research |
|  | |


title: Tom Mangold

abstract: Thomas Cornelius Mangold is a British broadcaster, journalist and author. For 26 years he was an investigative journalist with the BBC Panorama current affairs television programme.

text:
# Tom Mangold

**Thomas Cornelius Mangold** (born 20 August 1934) is a British broadcaster, journalist and author. For 26 years he was an investigative journalist with the BBC *Panorama* current affairs television programme.

## Personal life

Tom Mangold was born in Hamburg and came to Britain in 1939. He attended Dorking County Grammar School. He did National Service with the Royal Artillery. He is married, lives in London, has three daughters by previous marriages, and works as a freelance reporter specialising in intelligence and travel.

## Journalism

Mangold was a reporter with the *Sunday Mirror* and then the *Daily Express*. After spending nearly two years investigating the Profumo affair, he joined BBC TV News in 1964 to be a war correspondent covering conflicts in Aden, Vietnam, Nigeria, Northern Ireland, the Middle East and Afghanistan. In 1971 he moved to BBC TV Current Affairs working first for *24 Hours*, then *Midweek*, becoming involved in some of the first investigative news documentaries of the BBC.

In 1976 Mangold transferred to *Panorama*, still concentrating on investigative journalism and making over 100 documentaries in 26 years. In 1993 he won both the Business / Consumer Investigative Reports category in the CableACE Award in and also the Royal Television Society's Journalism Award. These were followed in 1996 by the bronze award in the Best Investigative Report Category at the New York Television Festival and in 1999 he won Investigative Reporting / News Documentary category in the Chicago International Television Competition.

Between 2004 and 2008 Mangold helped Mayfield, Kentucky resident Susan Galbreath investigate and solve the case of the murder of Jessica Currin, which had occurred in 2000 but remained unsolved until 2008. Galbreath had contacted Mangold after seeing some of his *Panorama* programmes on local cable TV.

Mangold has been described in *The Times* as "the doyen of broadcasting reporters."

## Works

### Books

Mangold has written or co-written five books:

* *The File on the Tsar*, with Anthony Summers. Harper & Row (1976). ISBN 978-0060128074.
* *The Tunnels of Cu Chi*, with John Penycate . New York: Berkeley Books (1985). ISBN 978-0340278109.
* *Cold Warrior: James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter* (1991). ISBN 978-0671662738.
* *Plague Wars*, with Jeff Goldberg. St. Martin's Press (1999). ISBN 978-0333716144.
* *SPLASHED! A Life from Print to Panorama*. London: Biteback (2016). ISBN 978-1785901706.

### Filmography

In 1996, Mangold did research for the BBC/HBO drama-documentary *Hostile Waters*, about the loss of a Russian submarine.

* "The Man Who Armed the World." *Four Corners*, Season 49, Episode 4 (Mar. 2, 2009).

On Russian arms dealer Victor Bout.

## InfoBox

| Tom Mangold | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1934-08-20) 20 August 1934<br>Hamburg, Germany |
| Nationality | British |
| Occupation(s) | Journalist, author |
| Website | tommangold.com |


title: Tom Clare (singer)

abstract: Tom Clare was a British music hall singer from the early twentieth century, who was born in London. He was best known for singing humorous songs, which he self-accompanied on the piano. His parents were Thomas Wright and Harriet Laura née Angell. His father was a jeweller, silversmith and vocalist, who changed his name to George Clare in the early 1900s. He made his first stage appearance when he was eight years old, with the Mohawk Minstrels. He was particularly well known, in the First World War era, for his ironic, humorous songs, "The Fine Old English Gentleman" (a song which gently mocked the arrival of modernity, "Who Bashed Bill Kaiser?" and "What Did You Do in the Great War, Daddy?" This last song criticized those who claimed to be war heroes, but had been busy on the black market, or avoiding work, throughout the war. In another of his songs, he poked fun at certain civilian decorations which had been too generously bestowed. Songs of social criticism were rare at this time in the music hall, so Clare's tended to stand out. He can be found on both the 1901 and 1911 census as an entertainer; he was also involved with the Bohemia Theatre at Broadstairs, Kent. He was also involved in a large number of charity concerts in aid of wounded soldiers. Although, like most singers of his time, it was in live shows that he gained his reputation, he began recording his songs on cylinder as early as 1906, with his hit "The Girl in the Big Black Hat".

text:
# Tom Clare (singer)

**Tom Clare** (26 September 1876  30 January 1946) was a British music hall singer from the early twentieth century, who was born in London. He was best known for singing humorous songs, which he self-accompanied on the piano.

His parents were Thomas Wright and Harriet Laura née Angell. His father was a jeweller, silversmith and vocalist, who changed his name to George Clare in the early 1900s.

He made his first stage appearance when he was eight years old, with the Mohawk Minstrels. He was particularly well known, in the First World War era, for his ironic, humorous songs, "The Fine Old English Gentleman" (a song which gently mocked the arrival of modernity, "Who Bashed Bill Kaiser?" and "What Did You Do in the Great War, Daddy?" This last song (based on a 1915 Savile Lumley propaganda poster, "Daddy, what did YOU do in the Great War?") criticized those who claimed to be war heroes, but had been busy on the black market, or avoiding work, throughout the war. In another of his songs, he poked fun at certain civilian decorations which had been (in the opinion of *The Times*) too generously bestowed. Songs of social criticism were rare at this time in the music hall, so Clare's tended to stand out. He can be found on both the 1901 and 1911 census as an entertainer; he was also involved with the Bohemia Theatre at Broadstairs, Kent.

He was also involved in a large number of charity concerts in aid of wounded soldiers.

Although, like most singers of his time, it was in live shows that he gained his reputation, he began recording his songs on cylinder as early as 1906, with his hit "The Girl in the Big Black Hat".

## Bibliography


title: Tommy Chang (martial artist)

abstract: Tommy Chang is a South Korean martial artist, stunt performer and actor. Chang is a 8th dan black belt in Taekwondo and 8th dan in Hapkido. He is the founder of the ReelStunts Action Team and the president of the Black Belt World Canada Taekwondo school. Chang has 51 years of training and experience in Taekwondo and Hapkido and is also trained in International Taekwondo Federation (ITF) and World Taekwondo Federation (WTF) Taekwondo, Moo Duk Kwan, and Judo. He is also an 8th Degree Black Belt in Hap Ki-Do, specializing in pressure points, take-downs and grappling. His martial arts expertise also encompasses mastery of several weapons. In addition, he is a WTF-certified Master Instructor of Taekwondo and a Canadian National Referee.

text:
# Tommy Chang (martial artist)

**Tommy Chang** is a South Korean martial artist, stunt performer and actor. Chang is a 8th dan black belt in Taekwondo and 8th dan in Hapkido. He is the founder of the ReelStunts Action Team and the president of the Black Belt World Canada Taekwondo school.

Chang has 51 years of training and experience in Taekwondo and Hapkido and is also trained in International Taekwondo Federation (ITF) and World Taekwondo Federation (WTF) Taekwondo, Moo Duk Kwan, and Judo. He is also an 8th Degree Black Belt in Hap Ki-Do, specializing in pressure points, take-downs and grappling. His martial arts expertise also encompasses mastery of several weapons. In addition, he is a WTF-certified Master Instructor of Taekwondo and a Canadian National Referee (1st Class).

## Career

### Taekwondo

Chang's career is marked with several milestones including being elected Vice President Sport of Taekwondo Canada, having been the Canadian Taekwondo Team Manager for the 2nd Korean Open in 1999, as well as the Canadian National Team Manager and Coach for the 1999 Taekwondo World Championship in Turkey. He also held several offices such as vice-chairman of the World Tae Kwon Do Association of Canada (Tournament Committee), Pan-American Tae Kwon Do Union Tournament Vice-chairman (2004–2006), and Pan-American Tae Kwon Do Union Financial Committee Chairman (2004–2006). At the provincial level, he also served as the Ontario Taekwondo Association Chairman from 2007 to 2008. He is the past 1st vice-president of the Ontario Taekwondo Association.

### Film and television career

Chang has worked in the film and television industry for over 35 years in several capacities as actor, stunt performer, stunt coordinator and producer. He is also the founder, manager and team leader of ReelStunts Film/Television Action Stunt Team. Additionally, he also personally trained several members of his stunt team which specializes in Martial Arts, High Falls, Stunt Driving, Fireburns, Gymnastics, Acrobatics, Breakdancing, Weapons Training, Motion Capture Acting, Wirework, and Acting. His stunt team includes the personalities of Simon Kim, James Kim, Joe Eigo, Emerson Wong, Allen Keng and Tonya Henry. Some of the noteworthy accomplishments of this team include having worked with Steven Seagal, Chow Yun-fat, David Carradine, Seth Rogen, James Franco, Charlie Hunnam, Vin Diesel, and Jackie Chan.

In his stunt execution for a television show called *Side Factor,* after performing multiple takes of propulsion into the air via an air ram, Chang wound up with a compound fracture.

He completed a major motion picture as fight choreographer in 2012 on a film called *Pacific Rim* directed by Guillermo Del Toro and produced by Warner Brothers and Legendary Pictures starring Charlie Hunnam, Charlie Day, Idris Elba and Rinko Kikuchi and Ron Perlman. In 2013, he produced a full feature movie as an associate producer called *The Hacker* with Sanzhar Sultanov. He also executive produced a short feature film called *The Proposal* starring Missy Peregyrm and Peter Mooney. He featured in the film *Robocop* and *The Interview* starring James Franco in 2014. He played Hapkido instructor Master Yang in *Kim's Convenience*.

## Ontario pit bull ban

In mid-October 2021, Chang's family dog, 12-week-old puppy Dwaeji, was seized by Vaughan Animal Services after it had run from his home through an open door. Animal Services staff suspected the dog of being part pit bull, a breed banned in Ontario since 2005 under the *Dog Owners' Liability Act.* The case attracted significant public and media attention. Chang contacted animal advocacy groups and his Member of Provincial Parliament (MPP) Michael Tibollo, who escalated his case. As a result, the premier of Ontario, Doug Ford, personally followed-up with Chang and on November 5, 2021, the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs announced it would amend the regulations related to the province's pit bull ban, allowing seized dogs to be released during investigations.

The dog was released and four days later mauled 13-year old Muhammad Almutaz Alzghool, leaving the boy's face swollen and needing stitches.

## Black Belt World

Master Chang is retired and is the Technical Director of Taekwondo schools in Canada, Black Belt World, with branch locations in Burlington, Kitchener Vaughan, Waterloo, Woodbridge and Mississauga.


title: Tom Kirk (baseball)

abstract: Thomas Daniel Kirk was a professional baseball player. He was an outfielder for one season (1947) with the Philadelphia Athletics. For his career, he was hitless in one at-bat in one game. He was born and later died in Philadelphia at the age of 46.

text:
# Tom Kirk (baseball)

**Thomas Daniel Kirk** (September 27, 1927 – August 1, 1974) was a professional baseball player. He was an outfielder for one season (1947) with the Philadelphia Athletics. For his career, he was hitless in one at-bat in one game.

He was born and later died in Philadelphia at the age of 46.

## InfoBox

| Tom Kirk | |
| --- | --- |
| **Outfielder** | |
| **Born:** (1927-09-27)September 27, 1927
Philadelphia | |
| **Died:** August 1, 1974(1974-08-01) (aged 46)
Philadelphia | |
| **Batted:** Left**Threw:** Left | |
| MLB debut | |
| June 24, 1947, for the Philadelphia Athletics | |
| Last MLB appearance | |
| June 24, 1947, for the Philadelphia Athletics | |
| MLB statistics | |
| Batting average | .000 |
| Games | 1 |
| At bats | 1 |
|  | |
| Teams | |
|  | |


title: Tom McEwen (drag racer)

abstract: Tom McEwen was an American drag racer who was a winner of the National Hot Rod Association (NHRA) U.S. Nationals. His racing career spanned 45 years. He is ranked at number 16 on a list of the 50 most significant drivers of NHRA’s first 50 years. Starting as an owner-driver, he received the nickname "the Mongoose" in 1964 from engine builder Ed Donovan, after McEwen signed up to drive Donovan's "vaunted" Donovan Engineering Special. It was originally used as a device to entice Don "the Snake" Prudhomme into a high-exposure match race. After trouble getting the Gilmore Engineering-chassied Donovan dragster sorted out, McEwen quit to drive for Lou Beney, in the Yeakel Plymouth dragster. (Baney also conceived McEwen's mid-engined Hemi 'Cuda funny car.) In 1965, he faced Hot Wheels teammate Prudhomme at the Hot Rod Magazine Championship Drag Races, held at Riverside Raceway, "one of the most significant drag racing events" of that era; the Top Fuel Eliminator (TFE) trophy that year went to Jim Warren. McEwen also drove the ill-fated Super Mustang at its debut at the 1967 Winternats. Leaving the Super Mustang, McEwen joined the Bivens & Fisher team, driving their Checkmate dragster, and soon set an NHRA national record. McEwen won five NHRA national events, but his gift for gab and promotional ability made him one of the sport's most influential and controversial figures. As stated by Roland Leong, "McEwen was the smartest of the bunch. When he came up with the Hot Wheels deal using the Snake and Mongoose characters, it shook the world of drag racing big time. He produced a sponsorship package that allowed him and Prudhomme to buy the best equipment, pay expenses, make money and sell their image all over the United States. I hate to admit it but McEwen and Prudhomme showed us the way to the future. They were a lot smarter than most of us who didn't see past the end of the quarter-mile." McEwen had four children: Jamie, Joe, Tom Jr., and Kathleen, and two grandchildren: Christian and Jonathan. Jamie and Joe are deceased.

text:
# Tom McEwen (drag racer)

**Tom McEwen** (January 14, 1937 – June 10, 2018) was an American drag racer who was a winner of the National Hot Rod Association (NHRA) U.S. Nationals. His racing career spanned 45 years. He is ranked at number 16 on a list of the 50 most significant drivers of NHRA’s first 50 years.

Starting as an owner-driver, he received the nickname "the Mongoose" in 1964 from engine builder Ed Donovan, after McEwen signed up to drive Donovan's "vaunted" *Donovan Engineering Special*. It was originally used as a device to entice Don "the Snake" Prudhomme into a high-exposure match race.

After trouble getting the Gilmore Engineering-chassied Donovan dragster sorted out, McEwen quit (replaced by Prudhomme, no less) to drive for Lou Beney, in the Yeakel Plymouth dragster. (Baney also conceived McEwen's mid-engined Hemi 'Cuda funny car.)

In 1965, he faced Hot Wheels teammate Prudhomme at the Hot Rod Magazine Championship Drag Races, held at Riverside Raceway, "one of the most significant drag racing events" of that era; the Top Fuel Eliminator (TFE) trophy that year went to Jim Warren.

McEwen also drove the ill-fated *Super Mustang* at its debut at the 1967 Winternats.

Leaving the *Super Mustang*, McEwen joined the Bivens & Fisher team, driving their *Checkmate* dragster, and soon set an NHRA national record.

McEwen won five NHRA national events, but his gift for gab and promotional ability made him one of the sport's most influential and controversial figures.

As stated by Roland Leong, "McEwen was the smartest of the bunch. When he came up with the Hot Wheels deal using the Snake and Mongoose characters, it shook the world of drag racing big time. He produced a sponsorship package that allowed him and Prudhomme to buy the best equipment, pay expenses, make money and sell their image all over the United States. I hate to admit it but McEwen and Prudhomme showed us the way to the future. They were a lot smarter than most of us who didn't see past the end of the quarter-mile."

McEwen had four children: Jamie, Joe, Tom Jr., and Kathleen, and two grandchildren: Christian and Jonathan. Jamie and Joe are deceased.

## Early career

McEwen gained his early experience in a variety of cars, beginning in 1953 with a '53 Oldsmobile at Santa Ana Drags in Irvine. He then went on to race a '54 Olds at Lions Drag Strip in Long Beach.

He went from the stock ranks to gas coupes, Altereds, and eventually dragsters and funny cars. Among the cars he drove were the Stone-Woods-Cook '50 Olds fastback, the Bader and Ferrara Cadillac-powered *Crosseyed Crosley*, Art Chrisman's *Hustler II*, the Bud Rasner and Gary Slusser Fiat coupe, Dick Rea's Chrysler-powered supercharged gas dragster, and Gene Adams' Albertson Olds.

## 1960s

McEwen continued his relationship with Adams for several years. In 1962, he drove Adams' *Shark*, which was one of the first dragsters to use a streamlined body with an enclosed parachute pack. This would turn out to be one of McEwen's best known rides.

In 1963, McEwen achieved his first major success when he a runner-up finish against Art Malone at the Bakersfield March Meet in California in the Broussard-Garrison-Purcell-Davis car. He also drove Donovan's *Donovan Engineering Special*, and it was in this car he first raced Prudhomme.

McEwen won the race against Prudhomme at Lions Drag Strip on September 12, 1964. He beat overcame Prudhomme's bright-orange edition of the famed Greer-Black-Prudhomme car two outings in a row, inspiring what may be the most famous match-race pairing in the history of drag racing.

Later in 1964, McEwen drove Lou Baney's Yeakel Plymouth-sponsored dragster to victory at the 32-car UDRA meet at Fontana Raceway in Fontana. He also took Top Fuel honors at Lions Dragstrip and Pomona Raceway.

Because their first contest had received so much attention, two more races between McEwen and Prudhomme were staged at Lions Drag Strip in 1965. McEwen drove the Yeakel Plymouth dragster past Prudhomme and his new ride, the Leong-owned *Hawaiian*, two rounds to one in the first, then lost in two straight sets in the second.

Because McEwen raced only on the West Coast, he and the touring Prudhomme faced each other only once in 1966, at the Winternationals, site of their first national event meeting. There, Prudhomme in the *B&M Torkmaster Special* took the win, with a 7.59 e.t. to McEwen's 7.69. They would not meet again for the rest of the decade.

McEwen won the 1966 *Hot Rod* Magazine Championships at Riverside Raceway and then went on to win the 1968 Stardust National Open in Las Vegas. He also recorded the lowest ever elapsed time to date with a blistering 6.64 at the Orange County PDA Meet in 1968.

### The promoter

McEwen also continued to build on his reputation as a colorful promoter. The Plymouth Hemi Cuda he unveiled in 1965 was featured in every major car magazine. He convinced the Southern California Plymouth Dealers Association to support him and displayed the car all over the West Coast.

In 1967, McEwen took the same approach with one of drag racing's great one-shot wonders, Ford's Super Mustang. The car stole the show when it made its debut at the Winternationals.

#### Wildlife Racing

McEwen's strong promotional talent and Prudhomme's success on the strip eventually led the two to form a national touring team, sponsored by the toy company Mattel, and in mid-1969, McEwen and Prudhomme became co-owners of "Wildlife Racing." The Mattel Hot Wheels sponsorship deal ran from 1970 through 1972. Wildlife Racing then signed with Care Free Sugarless Gum as a sponsor in 1973. McEwen and Prudhomme dissolved their partnership at the end of the 1973 season.

## 1970s

In 1972, McEwen won his first major event when he dominated the Top Fuel field at the Bakersfield March Meet. A year later, he scored his first NHRA national event victory by topping the quickest Funny Car field in history at the SuperNationals at Ontario Motor Speedway.

He went on to win four more national events, including his dramatic U.S. Nationals Funny Car victory over Prudhomme in 1978. The win came only a few days after the death of his son Jamie, who had battled leukemia.

## Later life

McEwen won the AHRA World Finals at Spokane Raceway Park in 1982, the prestigious Big Bud Shootout in 1984, and Top Fuel at the 1991 Summernationals at Englishtown, New Jersey.

McEwen solved his Corvette funny car's stability problems by adding tip fences to the rear spoiler.

His “gorgeous” 1957 Chevy replica was built as a tribute to the iconic Chevrolet. It was run as an NHRA exhibition vehicle and was responsible for creating Nostalgia Funny Car, even though the car would not (now) be legal in that class. The car ran just three years, and was popular with fans and media alike.

He retired from racing in 1992, and later worked as motorsports director for "Drag Racer" magazine, based in Southern California.

He was inducted into the Motorsports Hall of Fame of America in 2001.

## Death

McEwen died of Acute Cardiopulmonary arrest on June 10, 2018, at the age of 81.

## 2013 film

*Snake and Mongoose,* a movie portraying the story of Prudhomme and McEwen, was released in the summer of 2013. It tells the story of the rivalry between the two great Southern Californian racers.

## Sources

* McClurg, Bob. “50 Years of Funny Cars: Part 2” in *Drag Racer*, November 2016, pp. 35–50.
* Burk, Jeff. “50 Years of Funny Cars: Part 3” in *Drag Racer*, November 2016, pp. 52–64.

## InfoBox

| Tom McEwen | |
| --- | --- |
| McEwen's 1967 slingshot rail | |
| Born | (1937-01-14)January 14, 1937
Pensacola, Florida, U.S. |
| Died | June 10, 2018(2018-06-10) (aged 81)
Fountain Valley, California, U.S. |
| Top Fuel Funny Car | |
| Awards | |
| International Motorsports Hall of Fame | |


title: Tom McGehee

abstract: Thomas Rive McGehee, Sr. was a Jacksonville, Florida, business and civic leader who served on the boards of over twenty entities and founded the charity, Dreams Come True.

text:
# Tom McGehee

**Thomas Rive McGehee, Sr.** (12 July 1924  6 August 2002) was a Jacksonville, Florida, business and civic leader who served on the boards of over twenty entities and founded the charity, Dreams Come True.

## Early years

McGehee was born and raised in Jacksonville and served in the US Army during World War II. He was a corporal in the 8th Armored Division until his discharge in 1946, then attended Jacksonville University and the University of Alabama, graduating with a Bachelor of Science in chemistry. He married the former Delia Houser Crawford in 1950. and they had two children, Thomas R. Jr. (Mac), and Delia Houser, II (Dede).

## Business

Thomas's father, Clifford Graham McGehee, had founded the Jacksonville Paper Company in 1919, and after college, Thomas was dispatched to the company's mill in Louisiana to learn the paper manufacturing business. By 1956, he was president of the company, which was sold by the family in 1965. Tom and his brother Frank immediately started a new company, Mac Papers, to target the printing and graphics industries. The business was successful and expanded throughout 8 southeastern states. As of 2006, the firm recorded sales in excess of $500 million, employed 950 people and was one of the 50 largest private companies in the Greater Jacksonville Metropolitan Area.

## Television

Tom and Frank McGehee founded *Christian Television of Jacksonville*. The non-profit purchased Channel 47 before it was launched in August 1980 and requested the call letters, WXAO. "XAO" stood for "Christ, the alpha and the omega" in Greek. Their intent was to be an alternative to commercial television's sex and violence by broadcasting programs from The PTL Club, Christian Television Network, and Trinity Broadcast Network. The station was Jacksonville's first 24-hour station, but never generated a large viewership and was sold in 1990 for approximately $3 million.

## Community

McGehee was active in civic endeavors in Jacksonville, serving as president of United Way in 1964. He was a member of the board of Barnett Bank from 1961–1992 and served on the board of Jacksonville University from 1959 until the late 1990s, including a stint as chairman in 1992. McGehee volunteered to help neighborhood groups like *Friends of Five Points* as often as more visible organizations, such as the Chamber of Commerce.

In 1996, McGehee and his wife made a $1 million gift to the University of Florida veterinary school to build an Equine Reproduction Facility which was named in honor of their daughter Dede, a veterinarian and UF alumnae.

## Charitable foundation

Tom McGehee, along with J.J. Daniel, Robert Feagin, and Laurence Lee, Jr. started the *Greater Jacksonville Area Community foundation* in May 1964 as "a depository for the people of Jacksonville – both the large and small – the wealthy and the moderate, to be able to give for the betterment of their fellow man, not just today, but in a continuing way, through the principles of a foundation, for years to come", wrote McGehee. McGehee was so involved with the organization that many people thought that the Jacksonville Community Foundation was Tom McGehee's personal philanthropy, according to a consultant.

McGehee served as chairman for almost 20 years until he recruited his friend, Bob Shircliff, to become chairman and infuse new enthusiasm into the organization. Shircliff hired Andy Bell as executive director, but Shircliff and Tom McGehee supplemented Bell's salary for several years because the foundation couldn't afford what Bell was worth.

As of 2009, the **Community Foundation in Jacksonville**, as it is known today, is the oldest community foundation in Florida and counts more than 350 individual funds with over $125 million in assets. They have issued grants in excess of $140 million.

### Grant a wish

In 1984, McGehee learned about George Lee, a 17-year-old from Jacksonville with cystic fibrosis. Lee's dream was to play with golfer Fred Couples, and McGehee and his wife, Delia, arranged to fulfill George's wish. Lee died less than a year later, and was buried with the driver given to him by Couples. McGehee presented the idea of a non-profit group that grants the wishes of children with life-threatening illnesses to several local business leaders who supported the concept, and Dreams Come True (**DCT**) was created. At the time, McGehee owned television station channel 47, and the charity began work in an empty office there, but grew. At the time of McGehee's death, it had granted the wishes of 1,275 children. According to Suzanne Crittenden, DCT Associate Director, "His promise to every child was that 'if you have a life-threatening illness, you will have a dream come true.' He left a big void, but he's charged us with quite a mission."

## Death

McGehee died in 2002 at the age of 78.


title: Tommy Troelsen

abstract: Tommy Brian Troelsen was a Danish football player and manager, and television presenter. He played his entire club career with Vejle Boldklub, winning one Danish championship and two Danish Cup trophies. Troelsen played 16 matches and scored five goals for the Danish national team, and won a silver medal for Denmark at the 1960 Summer Olympics. After ending his footballing career, he became a popular television host on Danmarks Radio and dk4.

text:
# Tommy Troelsen

**Tommy Brian Troelsen** (10 July 1940 – 9 March 2021) was a Danish football player and manager, and television presenter. He played his entire club career with Vejle Boldklub, winning one Danish championship and two Danish Cup trophies. Troelsen played 16 matches and scored five goals for the Danish national team, and won a silver medal for Denmark at the 1960 Summer Olympics. After ending his footballing career, he became a popular television host on Danmarks Radio and dk4.

## Football career

Troelsen was an active footballer in Vejle Boldklub in the 1960s, making his senior debut in November 1957. He played a total of 257 matches and scored 130 goals, including 191 matches and 84 goals in the Danish championship seasons. He was known for his technical flair, which gave him the nickname Tommy Troldmand (Tommy the Wizard). In 1958, he was a major profile when Vejle Boldklub won The Double of both the Danish championship and the Danish Cup trophy. Troelsen became the youngest player ever to participate in a Danish Cup final, as he was only 17 years old when he and Vejle won 3–2 in the 1958 final against KB. The year after, Troelsen and Vejle celebrated another Danish Cup triumph. In the cup final, Troelsen scored the 1–0 goal in the win against rivals AGF.

He was called up to the Denmark national team in June 1959. Troelsen and Harald Nielsen were the youngest players in the Danish squad at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome. Troelsen entered the team in the third match of the group stage, and went on to play the semi-final and final, as Denmark sensationally won the silver medals. In one of his most memorable games, Troelsen scored a hat-trick in the 5–0 win against Norway in June 1968. He ended his national team career in June 1968, having played a total of 16 games and scored five goals for Denmark.

Troelsen was injured very early on in his career and the doctors advised him to undergo surgery as quick as possible. But it took thirteen years before he went to the hospital. Throughout his entire career he played with a knee band. There are no pictures of him without the knee band. But despite this he scored many of his greatest goals from long range. At the age of 28, Troelsen ended his active career due to his injury problems. He played his last game for Vejle in September 1968.

## Television career

Besides his footballing career, Troelsen had worked as a teacher in Jelling. After ending his footballing career, Troelsen started a career as a television presenter on Danmarks Radio, presenting football games. He was the host of the legendary "Sportslørdag" program, where he presented and explained English football every Saturday, and helped further the understanding of the game in Denmark. In 1999, he was abruptly fired by Danmarks Radio. In 2001, he was the presenter of Danish 1st Division games on dk4, and also hosted a talkshow on the channel. He retired in August 2004.

## Personal life

Troelsen died aged 80 on 9 March 2021 after a long illness.

## Honours

## InfoBox

Tommy Troelsen
| Troelsen in 1959 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | Tommy Brian Troelsen | | |
| Date of birth | (1940-07-10)10 July 1940 | | |
| Place of birth | Nykøbing Mors, Denmark | | |
| Date of death | 9 March 2021(2021-03-09) (aged 80) | | |
| Height | 1.77 m (5 ft 10 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Striker | | |
| Youth career | | | |
|  | Vejle Boldklub | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1957–1968 | Vejle Boldklub | 191 | (84) |
| International career | | | |
| 1958 | Denmark U19 | 1 | (0) |
| 1958–1962 | Denmark U21 | 9 | (4) |
| 1959–1968 | Denmark | 16 | (5) |
| Managerial career | | | |
| 1976–1980 | Denmark U21 | | |
| Medal record      Representing  Denmark  Olympic Games  1960 Rome Team competition | | | |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Tommy Tubridy

abstract: Tommy Tubridy is a former Gaelic footballer who played senior football for Clare over a twelve-year period that lasted until 1990. Tubridy played in the "Milltown Massacre", a game against Kerry in which Clare let in nine goals that contributed to a 32-point loss. His son David also played for Clare, making his debut in 2007. He and David are involved in the restaurant trade. They run Tubridy's Bar & Restaurant in Doonbeg. Visitors have included Ken Griffey Jr., Dan Marino, Ger Loughnane's 1990s All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship winners and Jim Gavin's 2010s All-Ireland SFC winners. Around September/October 2020, Tubridy tested positive for COVID-19. He had been away with his wife Bridget and became symptomatic after their return, then tested positive, with his wife and son David later joining him as COVID-19 positive. His symptoms included headaches and a cough.

text:
# Tommy Tubridy

**Tommy Tubridy** is a former Gaelic footballer who played senior football for Clare over a twelve-year period that lasted until 1990.

Tubridy played in the "Milltown Massacre", a game against Kerry in which Clare let in nine goals that contributed to a 32-point loss.

His son David also played for Clare, making his debut in 2007.

He and David are involved in the restaurant trade. They run Tubridy's Bar & Restaurant in Doonbeg. Visitors have included Ken Griffey Jr., Dan Marino, Ger Loughnane's 1990s All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship winners and Jim Gavin's 2010s All-Ireland SFC winners.

Around September/October 2020, Tubridy tested positive for COVID-19. He had been away with his wife Bridget and became symptomatic after their return, then tested positive, with his wife and son David later joining him as COVID-19 positive. His symptoms included headaches and a cough.

## InfoBox

Tommy Tubridy
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Occupation | Restaurant trade | | |
| Inter-county(ies) | | | |
| Years | **County** | | |
| 1970s–1990 | Clare | | |


title: Toni (footballer, born 1972)

abstract: Nélson António Soares da Gama, commonly known as Toni, is a Portuguese former professional footballer who played as a striker.

text:
# Toni (footballer, born 1972)

**Nélson António Soares da Gama** (born 2 August 1972 in Bissau, Portuguese Guinea), commonly known as **Toni**, is a Portuguese former professional footballer who played as a striker.

## InfoBox

Toni
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Nélson António Soares da Gama | | |
| Date of birth | (1972-08-02) 2 August 1972 | | |
| Place of birth | Bissau, Guinea | | |
| Height | 1.78 m (5 ft 10 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Striker | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| 1988–1991 | Porto | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1991–1995 | Porto | 25 | (2) |
| 1994 | Braga (loan) | 19 | (4) |
| 1994–1995 | Beira-Mar (loan) | 17 | (3) |
| 1995–1998 | Salgueiros | 72 | (14) |
| 1998–2000 | Marítimo | 15 | (3) |
| 2000 | Burgos | 8 | (3) |
| 2000–2001 | Leça | 6 | (0) |
| 2001–2003 | Vilanovense | 55 | (6) |
| 2003–2005 | Hamm Benfica |  |  |
| 2008–2012 | Union 05 |  |  |
| Total |  | **217** | **(35)** |
| International career | | | |
| 1990–1991 | Portugal U20 | 11 | (2) |
| 1992–1994 | Portugal U21 | 20 | (12) |
| Medal record      Men's football  Representing  Portugal  FIFA U-20 World Cup  **Winner** 1991 Portugal   UEFA European Under-21 Championship  **Runner-up** 1994 France | | | |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |