title: Tunbridge, Vermont

abstract: Tunbridge is a town in Orange County, Vermont, United States. As of the 2020 United States Census the town population was 1,337. The town consists of three village centers, all situated on Vermont Route 110 in the valley of the first branch of the White River. The three settlements are named North Tunbridge, Tunbridge Village ("Market") and South Tunbridge ("Jigger").

text:
# Tunbridge, Vermont

**Tunbridge** is a town in Orange County, Vermont, United States. As of the 2020 United States Census the town population was 1,337. The town consists of three village centers, all situated on Vermont Route 110 in the valley of the first branch of the White River. The three settlements are named North Tunbridge (also known locally as "Blood Village"), Tunbridge Village ("Market") and South Tunbridge ("Jigger").

## Historic sites

The entire center of Tunbridge Village, including the fairgrounds, was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994. Officially the district listing is *"Roughly, along VT 110 and adjacent rds. including Town Rd. 45 and Spring and Strafford Rds."*

**Tunbridge** has five covered bridges (all listed on the National Register)

**Tunbridge** also has two other structures are individually listed on the National Register:

* Hayward & Kibby (or Hayward & Noble) Mill – on Spring Road in Tunbridge Village
* South Tunbridge Methodist Episcopal Church

## Tunbridge World's Fair

The historical antecedent of the Tunbridge World's Fair can be traced to the town's charter, which therein authorized the establishment of two annual fairs when the population of the town reached fifty families.

It wasn't until 1867 that, after a succession of fairs in Orange County starting in 1847, the Tunbridge Agricultural Society was organized and staged a fair at the Elisha Lougee Farm in North Tunbridge. At the 1867 fair, Vermont's former Lieutenant Governor Burnham Martin referred to the fair as a "little World's Fair". Lewis Dickerman adopted the phrase and used it in the 1868 publicity handbills and the Tunbridge fair has since used the name.

In 1875, the Union Agricultural Society assumed the sponsorship of the fair and moved its location to the present fairgrounds in the center of Tunbridge.

In 1894, the fair joined the National Trotting Association, and for many years has maintained the only remaining grass race track in Vermont.

The annual fair continues to this day with demonstrations of farming and agricultural traditions and culture, working antique displays, horse and ox pulling, horse racing, cattle and horse shows, junior exhibits, floral and 4-H exhibits, contra dancing, gymkhana, and many free shows.

## Geography and geology

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 44.8 square miles (115.9 km2), of which 44.7 square miles (115.9 km2) is land and 0.04 square mile (0.1 km2) (0.04%) is water. The First Branch of the White River running north to south divides Tunbridge into two nearly equal parts. Two mineral springs exist in the town, one of which is a white sulphur spring located on "Spring road," one and a half miles from Tunbridge Center; this spring was once valued for its medicinal properties.

The highest points of land are Brocklebank Hill at 2100+ ft near the northern boundary with Chelsea, Old Hurricane Hill at 1900+ ft in the northwestern part near East Randolph, and East Hill at 2112 ft near the Strafford line. The soil is well-drained and was formed in Wisconsin-age glacial till, its average depth is around 20 to 40 inches. Typical composition of the soil: a surface layer of very dark brown, partially decomposed organic material; a subsurface layer of gray fine sandy loam; upper subsoil of dark brown fine sandy loam and subsoil of brown channery fine sandy loam. The rocks underlying Tunbridge are entirely of the calciferous mica schist formation, with a small bed of granite, syenite and protogine in the northeastern part.

> No. 9 of the Acts of 1985, effective March 27, 1985, designated the Tunbridge Soil Series as the official State Soil. The Tunbridge series (course-loamy, mixed, frigid Typic Haplothrod) consists of moderately deep to bedrock, well drained soils. It was selected from among more than 160 different soil series in the state. As it is a typical "hill farm" and "sugarbush" soil, the Tunbridge series well represents the soil resources of Vermont. A soil formed in loamy glacial till, it has good potential for agriculture and forestry. As Professor Richmond Bartlett of UVM says, "It's the soil that makes Vermont hills greener than those either in New Hampshire or New York."
> ---*From Office of the Secretary of State, Vermont Legislative Directory and State Manual, Biennial Session, 1993–1994, p. 16.*

Typical species of tree to be found in the landscape are white birch, yellow birch, American beech, red spruce, red maple, sugar maple, white ash, hemlock and white pine.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1790 | 487 |  |  |
| 1800 | 1,314 |  | 169.8% |
| 1810 | 1,640 |  | 24.8% |
| 1820 | 2,003 |  | 22.1% |
| 1830 | 1,920 |  | −4.1% |
| 1840 | 1,811 |  | −5.7% |
| 1850 | 1,786 |  | −1.4% |
| 1860 | 1,546 |  | −13.4% |
| 1870 | 1,405 |  | −9.1% |
| 1880 | 1,252 |  | −10.9% |
| 1890 | 1,011 |  | −19.2% |
| 1900 | 885 |  | −12.5% |
| 1910 | 918 |  | 3.7% |
| 1920 | 907 |  | −1.2% |
| 1930 | 903 |  | −0.4% |
| 1940 | 882 |  | −2.3% |
| 1950 | 774 |  | −12.2% |
| 1960 | 743 |  | −4.0% |
| 1970 | 791 |  | 6.5% |
| 1980 | 925 |  | 16.9% |
| 1990 | 1,154 |  | 24.8% |
| 2000 | 1,309 |  | 13.4% |
| 2010 | 1,284 |  | −1.9% |
| 2020 | 1,337 |  | 4.1% |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |

As of the census of 2000, there were 1,309 people, 513 households, and 362 families residing in the town. The population density was 29.3 people per square mile (11.3/km2). There were 679 housing units at an average density of 15.2 per square mile (5.9/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 99.01% White, 0.23% African American, 0.08% Native American, 0.15% Asian, and 0.53% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.99% of the population.

There were 513 households, out of which 31.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.0% were couples living together and joined in either marriage or civil union, 11.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.4% were non-families. 21.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.55 and the average family size was 2.94.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 25.4% under the age of 18, 5.1% from 18 to 24, 31.5% from 25 to 44, 24.8% from 45 to 64, and 13.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.4 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $40,855, and the median income for a family was $45,670. Males had a median income of $27,465 versus $23,182 for females. The per capita income for the town was $19,934. About 8.4% of families and 12.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.8% of those under age 18 and 8.3% of those age 65 or over. the unemployment rate is 3.2% and the average commute time is 26.9 minutes.

84.9% of the Tunbridge population studied at high school level or higher and 25.8% have studied at bachelors level or higher.

## Notable people

## Cemeteries

Dates represent years in use.

* Button: 1780–present
* Dickerman Hill: 1807–1934
* Drew: 1814–1881
* Durkee: 1812–1981
* Hunt: 1802–present
* Hutchinson: 1788–1923
* Hutchinson Lot: 1844–1860
* Kelsey Mt.: 1792–1921
* Monarch Hill: 1814–1876
* Mt. Pleasant: 1798–1982
* Old Meeting House: 1816–1940
* Ordway: 1813–1893
* Riddall: 1818–1820
* Smith: 1807–1881
* Spring Road (new): 1842–present
* Spring Road (old): 1831–1885
* Strafford Road: 1800–1968
* Tunbridge Village: 1807–present
* Ward Hill: 1804–1884
* Whitney Hill: 1809–1915

## InfoBox

| Tunbridge, Vermont | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
| Tunbridge town office | |
| Located in Orange County, Vermont | |
| Tunbridge, VermontLocation within the U.S.A. | |
| Coordinates: 43°54′0″N 72°29′17″W / 43.90000°N 72.48806°W / 43.90000; -72.48806 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Vermont |
| County | Orange |
| Chartered | 1761 |
| Settled | 1776 |
| Organized | 1786 |
| Communities | Tunbridge
North Tunbridge
South Tunbridge |
| Area | |
| Total | 44.8 sq mi (115.9 km2) |
| Land | 44.7 sq mi (115.9 km2) |
| Water | 0.04 sq mi (0.1 km2)  0.09% |
| Elevation | 600 ft (172 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 1,337 |
| Density | 30/sq mi (11.5/km2) |
| Households | 548 |
| Families | 343 |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (EST) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| ZIP code | 05077 |
| Area code | 802 |
| FIPS code | 50-73675 |
| GNIS feature ID | 1462231 |
| Website | www.tunbridgevt.org |


title: Tunbridge (UK Parliament constituency)

abstract: Tunbridge was a parliamentary constituency in Kent, centred on the town of Tonbridge. It returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It was created for the 1885 general election, and abolished for the 1918 general election, when it was replaced by the new Tonbridge constituency.

text:
# Tunbridge (UK Parliament constituency)

**Tunbridge** was a parliamentary constituency in Kent, centred on the town of Tonbridge. It returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

It was created for the 1885 general election, and abolished for the 1918 general election, when it was replaced by the new Tonbridge constituency.

## Boundaries

The Sessional Divisions of Tunbridge and Tunbridge Wells, and part of the Sessional Division of Malling.

## Members of Parliament

| Election | | Member | Party |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 1885 | Robert Norton | Conservative |
|  | 1892 | Arthur Griffith-Boscawen | Conservative |
|  | 1906 | Alfred Paget Hedges | Liberal |
|  | 1910 | Herbert Spender-Clay | Conservative |
| 1918 | | *constituency abolished: see Tonbridge* | |

## Elections

### Elections in the 1880s

General election 1885: Tunbridge
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Conservative** | **Robert Norton** | **4,533** | **51.8** |  |
|  | Liberal | Frederick Verney | 4,210 | 48.2 |  |
| Majority | | | 323 | 3.6 |  |
| Turnout | | | 8,743 | 81.7 |  |
| Registered electors | | | 10,703 |  |  |
|  | Conservative **win** (new seat) | | | | |

General election 1886: Tunbridge
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Conservative** | **Robert Norton** | ***Unopposed*** | | |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | | | |

### Elections in the 1890s

General election 1892: Tunbridge
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Conservative** | **Arthur Griffith-Boscawen** | **4,821** | **55.4** | ***N/A*** |
|  | Liberal | Frederick William Pavy | 3,888 | 44.6 | *New* |
| Majority | | | 933 | 10.8 | *N/A* |
| Turnout | | | 8,709 | 69.7 | *N/A* |
| Registered electors | | | 12,494 |  |  |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | Swing | *N/A* |  |

General election 1895: Tunbridge
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Conservative** | **Arthur Griffith-Boscawen** | ***Unopposed*** | | |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | | | |

### Elections in the 1900s

General election 1900: Tunbridge
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Conservative** | **Arthur Griffith-Boscawen** | **5,576** | **61.5** | ***N/A*** |
|  | Liberal | C Cory | 3,494 | 38.5 | *New* |
| Majority | | | 2,082 | 23.0 | *N/A* |
| Turnout | | | 9,070 | 67.1 | *N/A* |
| Registered electors | | | 13,519 |  |  |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | Swing | *N/A* |  |

General election 1906: Tunbridge
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Liberal** | **Alfred Paget Hedges** | **7,170** | **54.9** | **+16.4** |
|  | Conservative | Arthur Griffith-Boscawen | 5,887 | 45.1 | 16.4 |
| Majority | | | 1,283 | 9.8 | *N/A* |
| Turnout | | | 13,057 | 84.2 | +17.1 |
| Registered electors | | | 15,500 |  |  |
|  | Liberal **gain** from Conservative | | Swing | +16.4 |  |

### Elections in the 1910s

General election January 1910: Tunbridge
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Conservative** | **Herbert Spender-Clay** | **9,240** | **60.5** | **+15.4** |
|  | Liberal | Alfred Paget Hedges | 6,030 | 39.5 | −15.4 |
| Majority | | | 3,210 | 21.0 | *N/A* |
| Turnout | | | 15,270 | 89.2 | +5.0 |
|  | Conservative **gain** from Liberal | | Swing | +15.4 |  |

General election December 1910: Tunbridge
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Conservative** | **Herbert Spender-Clay** | **8,286** | **57.4** | **−3.1** |
|  | Liberal | Alfred Paget Hedges | 6,159 | 42.6 | +3.1 |
| Majority | | | 2,127 | 14.8 | −6.2 |
| Turnout | | | 14,445 | 84.4 | −4.8 |
|  | Conservative **hold** | | Swing |  |  |

**General Election 1914–15**:

Another General Election was required to take place before the end of 1915. The political parties had been making preparations for an election to take place and by July 1914, the following candidates had been selected;

## InfoBox

| Tunbridge | |
| --- | --- |
| Former county constituency<br>for the House of Commons | |
| 18851918 | |
| Seats | one |
| Created from | Mid Kent |
| Replaced by | Tonbridge |


title: Tunbridge Village Historic District

abstract: The Tunbridge Village Historic District encompasses the early 19th-century village center of Tunbridge, Vermont. Stretched linearly along Vermont Route 110, the largely agricultural village reached its peak population around 1820, and was bypassed by the railroads, limiting later development. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.

text:
# Tunbridge Village Historic District

The **Tunbridge Village Historic District** encompasses the early 19th-century village center of Tunbridge, Vermont. Stretched linearly along Vermont Route 110, the largely agricultural village reached its peak population around 1820, and was bypassed by the railroads, limiting later development. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.

## Description and history

The main village of Tunbridge (chartered 1761) was settled in the 1780s, beginning with the construction of a sawmill and gristmill on the banks of the First Branch White River in 1785. With the village adjacent to fertile bottomlands along the river, it developed as an agricultural center, and a brickyard was opened in 1820, providing building materials for several local buildings. The village was bypassed during the construction of railroads during the 19th century, but was able to maintain an agricultural economy due to its relative proximity to the station in nearby Royalton. In 1847, the village inaugurated the Tunbridge World's Fair, which has been held at fairgrounds in the village since 1875. The result of this economic history is a collection of buildings, most of which were built before 1840.

The historic district, which covers most of the village, extends mainly along Vermont 110, the principal artery along the First Branch White River. Its southern boundary is Howe Lane (Town Highway 45), and its northern boundary is beyond Spring Road. It includes properties along a number of side streets, including Strafford Road and Spring Street. The latter is where the Hayward and Kibby Mill and the Mill Covered Bridge are located. Most of the buildings are modest wood-frame houses, in either Federal or Greek Revival styles, although there are few houses with later Gothic and Italianate features, and a few are built of brick. The village is also home to a number of municipal buildings, as well as several churches. The fairgrounds are located on the west side of Vermont 110, where a bend in the river is not matched by the roadway. The fairground retains a number of well-preserved 19th-century buildings.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Tunbridge Village Historic District | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| U.S. Historic district | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | Roughly, along VT 110 and adjacent rds. including Town Rd. 45 and Spring and Stafford Rds., Tunbridge, Vermont |
| Coordinates | 43°53′15″N 72°29′42″W / 43.88750°N 72.49500°W / 43.88750; -72.49500 |
| Area | 115 acres (47 ha) |
| Built | 1800 (1800) |
| Architectural style | Gothic Revival, Greek Revival, Federal |
| NRHP reference No. | 94000635 |
| Added to NRHP | June 24, 1994 |


title: Turam method

abstract: The Turam method is one of the oldest geophysical electro-magnetic methods used for mineral exploration, devised by Erik Helmer Lars Hedstrom in 1937. Its name is derived from Swedish "TU" (two) and "RAM" (frame), referring to the two receiving coils.

text:
# Turam method

The **Turam method** is one of the oldest geophysical electro-magnetic methods used for mineral exploration, devised by Erik Helmer Lars Hedstrom in 1937. Its name is derived from Swedish "TU" (two) and "RAM" (frame), referring to the two receiving coils.

## Method

An insulated cable a few hundred meters to several kilometers long is laid parallel to the geological strike direction. The cable is either grounded at both ends or laid out in a large loop, and energized at low frequencies (less than 1 kHz). Two receiving coils are moved on lines outside of and perpendicular to the long side of the loop or grounded cable and two components of the resultant field are measured. The primary field generated by the large loop or cable interacts with the soil and subsoil and with a conductive body if present which could be a mineral and creates a resultant electromagnetic field. The electromagnetic field is measured according to two values: the Field Strength Ratio and the Phase Difference occurring between the two receiving coils . It is a fixed source horizontal loop method. Separation of the two moving coils is usually from 10 to 30 metres. Using an AC bridge (also called compensator bridge), Field Strength Ratio is measured in percent and Phase Difference in degrees. In-phase (Real) and quadrature (Imaginary) values can be calculated from these data. Observed field strength ratio readings are used to calculate reduced ratios using a formula determined by the loop size and shape or the grounded wire length and the position of the receiving coils relative to the loop or grounded wire. The Turam method is a frequency domain method and in a way is the precursor of the time domain fixed loop methods. It is claimed to have detected large flat lying conductors to a depth of 400 metres.


title: Tuğba Karataş

abstract: Tuğba Karataş is a Turkish women's football midfielder, who plays in the Turkish Women's Super League for Ankara BB Fomget GS with jersey number 23. She was part of the Turkey women's national U-17, U-19 and A teams.

text:
# Tuğba Karataş

**Tuğba Karataş** (March 17, 1992) is a Turkish women's football midfielder, who plays in the Turkish Women's Super League for Ankara BB Fomget GS with jersey number 23. She was part of the Turkey women's national U-17, U-19 and  teams.

## Club career

Tuğba Karataş obtained her license on May 31, 2004, for Gazi Üniversitesispor, where she played until the end of the 2011–12 season. She enjoyed league champion titles in the 2007–08 and 2009–10 seasons. She capped 66 times in total and scored 25 goals for Gazi Üniversitesispor. Karataş took part at the 2010–11 UEFA Women's Champions League qualifying round- – Group 1 matches with Gazi Üniversitesispor. In the 2012–13 season, she played for Kdz. Ereğlispor, where she appeared in 18 games. After one season, Karataş transferred to Trabzon İdmanocağı.

In the 2020–21 Turkish Women's League season, she played for the Ankara-based club Fomhet Gençlik ve Spor.

She transferred to Fatih Vatan Spor in Istanbul for the 2021–22 Turkish Women's Super League.

## International career

Tuğba Karataş was admitted to the Turkey gitls' national U-17 team and debuted in the friendly match against Azerbaijan on May 27, 2007. She took part at the 2008 UEFA Championship qualifying round – Group 6 and 2009 UEFA Championship qualifying round – Group 5 matches. She capped in 11 games.

On April 15, 2009, she played for the first time in the Turkey women's U-19 team at the friendly match against Belarus. Karataş played at the 2010 UEFA Championship First qualifying round – Group 7 matches. She was in 6 matches of the Turkey women's U-19 team.

She was called up to the Turkey women's national team to play at the UEFA Euro 2013 qualifying – Group 2 matches; however, she sat on the bench. On 7 April 2022, she debuted for the Turkey national team in the 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup qualification match against Bulgaria.

## Career statistics

*As of 5 February 2023*

| Club | Season | League | | | Continental | | National | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Gazi Üniversitesispor | 2007–2009 | First League | 16 | 3 |  |  | 12 | 0 | 28 | 3 |
| | 2009–10 | First League | 12 | 5 |  |  | 5 | 0 | 17 | 5 |
| | 2010–11 | First League | 21 | 15 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 24 | 15 |
| | 2011–12 | First League | 18 | 2 |  |  | 0 | 0 | 18 | 2 |
| | Total | | 67 | 25 | 3 | 0 | 17 | 0 | 87 | 25 |
| Kdz. Ereğlispor | 2012–13 | First League | 18 | 0 |  |  | 0 | 0 | 18 | 0 |
| | 2013–14 | First League | 15 | 1 |  |  | 0 | 0 | 15 | 1 |
| | Total | | 33 | 1 |  |  | 0 | 0 | 33 | 1 |
| Trabzon İdmanocağı | 2014–15 | First League | 15 | 1 |  |  | 0 | 0 | 15 | 1 |
| | 2015–16 | First League | 17 | 4 |  |  | 0 | 0 | 17 | 4 |
| | 2016–17 | First League | 16 | 0 |  |  | 0 | 0 | 16 | 0 |
| | 2017–18 | First League | 7 | 1 |  |  | 0 | 0 | 7 | 1 |
| | Total | | 55 | 6 |  |  | 0 | 0 | 55 | 6 |
| Fomget G.S. | 2019–20 | First League | 4 | 0 |  |  | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
| | 2020–21 | First League | 6 | 3 |  |  | 0 | 0 | 6 | 3 |
| | Total | | 10 | 3 |  |  | 0 | 0 | 10 | 3 |
| Fatih Vatan Spor | 2021–22 | Super League | 21 | 0 |  |  | 1 | 0 | 22 | 0 |
| | Total | | 21 | 0 |  |  | 1 | 0 | 22 | 0 |
| Ankara BB Fomget GS | 2022–23 | FSuper League | 11 | 0 |  |  | 0 | 0 | 11 | 0 |
| | Total | | 11 | 0 |  |  | 0 | 0 | 11 | 0 |
| Career total | | | 197 | 35 | 3 | 0 | 18 | 0 | 218 | 35 |

## Honours

Turkey Women's First Football League Gazi Üniversitesispor *Winners* (2): 2007–08, 2009–10 *Third places* (1): 2008–09 Kdz. Ereğlispor *Third places* (1): 2012–13 Trabzon İdmanocağı *Third places* (1): 2014–15

## InfoBox

Tuğba Karataş
| Tuğba Karataş for Trabzon İdmanocağı (December 2014) | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Date of birth | (1992-03-17) March 17, 1992 | | |
| Place of birth | Delice, Kırıkkale, Turkey | | |
| Position(s) | Midfielder | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | Ankara BB Fomget GS | | |
| Number | 23 | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2004–2012 | Gazi Üniversitesispor | 67 | (25) |
| 2012–2014 | Kdz. Ereğlispor | 33 | (1) |
| 2014–2018 | Trabzon İdmanocağı | 55 | (6) |
| 2020–2021 | Fomget G.S. | 10 | (3) |
| 2021–2022 | Fatih Vatan Spor | 21 | (0) |
| 2022– | Ankara BB Fomget GS | 11 | (0) |
| International career | | | |
| 2007–2008 | Turkey U-17 | 11 | (0) |
| 2009 | Turkey U-19 | 6 | (0) |
| 2022– | Turkey | 1 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 5 February 2023<br>‡ National team caps and goals, correct as of 7 April 2022 | | | |


title: Turbo jourdani

abstract:
Turbo jourdani, common name the Jourdan's turban, is a species of sea snail, marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae.
  - Taxonomic status: Some authors place the name in the subgenus Turbo (Dinassovica)

text:
# Turbo jourdani

***Turbo jourdani*** , common name **the Jourdan's turban**, is a species of sea snail, marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae.

* **Taxonomic status**: Some authors place the name in the subgenus *Turbo (Dinassovica)*

## Description

The length of the shell varies between 75 mm and 240 mm. The large, solid, imperforate shell has an ovate-conic shape with an acute spire. The color of its epidermis is castaneous or olive. The eight whorls are rounded and increase regularly in size. The upper ones are 1-3-carinate, the lower transversely obsoletely lirate. The body whorl is large, ventricose, descending, nearly smooth, or with wide spiral ribs. The circular aperture is white within. The outer lip is thin. The arcuate columella is not expanded at its base.

## Distribution

This marine species is known from Geraldton, Western Australia, to central South Australia.

* Kiener, L.C. 1839. *Nouvelle espèce de Mollusque du genre Turbo de Linné*. Revue Zoologique par la Société Cuvierienne 1839: 324–325
* Verco, J.C. 1908. *Notes on South Australian marine Mollusca with descriptions of new species. Part IX*. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 32: 338–3
* Iredale,T. 1937. *Middleton and Elizabeth Reef, South Pacific Ocean*. The Australian Zoologist 8: 232–261
* Cotton, B.C. 1959. *South Australian Mollusca. Archaeogastropoda*. Handbook of the Flora and Fauna of South Australia. Adelaide : South Australian Government Printer 449 pp.
* Wilson, B. 1993. *Australian Marine Shells. Prosobranch Gastropods*. Kallaroo, Western Australia : Odyssey Publishing Vol. 1 408 pp
* Alf A. & Kreipl K. (2003). *A Conchological Iconography: The Family Turbinidae, Subfamily Turbininae, Genus Turbo*. Conchbooks, Hackenheim Germany.
* Williams, S.T. (2007). *Origins and diversification of Indo-West Pacific marine fauna: evolutionary history and biogeography of turban shells (Gastropoda, Turbinidae).* Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 92, 573–592.

## InfoBox

| *Turbo jourdani* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| A shell of *Turbo jourdani* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Vetigastropoda |
| Order: | Trochida |
| Superfamily: | Trochoidea |
| Family: | Turbinidae |
| Genus: | *Turbo* |
| Species: | ***T. jourdani*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Turbo jourdani***<br>Kiener, 1839 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Dinassovica verconis* Iredale, 1937 * *Turbo* (*Dinassovica*) *jourdani* Kiener, 1839 * *Turbo (Turbo) jourdani* Kiener, 1839 | |


title: Turbo laminiferus

abstract: Turbo laminiferus, common name the crinkly turban, is a species of sea snail, marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae. Some authors place the name in the subgenus Turbo (Marmarostoma)

text:
# Turbo laminiferus

***Turbo laminiferus***, common name **the crinkly turban**, is a species of sea snail, marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae.

Some authors place the name in the subgenus *Turbo (Marmarostoma)*

## Description

The length of the shell varies between 20 mm and 50 mm. The solid, umbilicate shell has a pointed-ovate shape. Its color pattern is greenish, longitudinally flammulated with black. The conic spire is pointed. The six whorls are very convex, separated by canaliculate sutures. The body whorl has about nine rather separated lirae, the whole surface covered with crowded elevated sibfoliaceus radiating lamellae. The round aperture measures half the length of the shell or less. The peristome is usually nearly free from body whorl above. The columella is excavated at the deep and prominent umbilicus.

The operculum has a subcentral nucleus. Its outer surface is green, granulate, wrinkled on its outer margin, with a radial sulcus marking the limit of the margin of increment.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs from Western Australia to Queensland, Australia; and off Papua New Guinea

* Iredale, T., 1914. *Report on Mollusca collected at the Monte Bello Islands*. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1914:665-675
* Cernohorsky, W.O., 1978. *Tropical Pacific marine shells*. Pacific Publications, Sydney. 1–352, 68 pls
* Wilson, B., 1993. *Australian Marine Shells*. Prosobranch Gastropods.. Odyssey Publishing, Kallaroo, WA
* Alf A. & Kreipl K. (2003). *A Conchological Iconography: The Family Turbinidae, Subfamily Turbininae, Genus Turbo*. Conchbooks, Hackenheim Germany.
* Williams, S.T. (2007). *Origins and diversification of Indo-West Pacific marine fauna: evolutionary history and biogeography of turban shells (Gastropoda, Turbinidae).* Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 92, 573–592

## InfoBox

| *Turbo laminiferus* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Drawing of a shell of *Turbo laminiferus* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Vetigastropoda |
| Order: | Trochida |
| Superfamily: | Trochoidea |
| Family: | Turbinidae |
| Genus: | *Turbo* |
| Species: | ***T. laminiferus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Turbo laminiferus***<br>Reeve, 1848 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Turbo foliaceus* Rousseau, 1854 * *Turbo folicaeus* Philippi, 1847 * *Turbo foliaceus scabrosus* Preston, 1914 * *Turbo foliaceus turriformis* Preston, 1914 * *Turbo lamellosus* Philippi, 1846 * *Turbo scabrosus* Preston, 1914 * *Turbo squamosus* J.E. Gray, 1847 * *Turbo turbinopsis* Lamarck, 1822 * *Turbo turriformis* Preston, 1914 * *Turbo (Marmarostoma) squamosus* Gray, J.E. in Jukes, 1847 | |


title: Tyler Heineman

abstract: Tyler Andrew Heineman is an American professional baseball catcher for the Toronto Blue Jays of Major League Baseball (MLB). He played college baseball for the UCLA Bruins. The Houston Astros selected Heineman in the eighth round of the 2012 MLB draft. He has previously played in MLB for the Miami Marlins, San Francisco Giants, Pittsburgh Pirates, and Boston Red Sox.

text:
# Tyler Heineman

**Tyler Andrew Heineman** (born June 19, 1991) is an American professional baseball catcher for the Toronto Blue Jays of Major League Baseball (MLB). He played college baseball for the UCLA Bruins. The Houston Astros selected Heineman in the eighth round of the 2012 MLB draft. He has previously played in MLB for the Miami Marlins, San Francisco Giants, Pittsburgh Pirates, and Boston Red Sox.

## Amateur career

Heineman attended the Windward School in Los Angeles. There, he played for the school's baseball team. He batted .490 as a sophomore (2007), batted .619 as a junior (2008; establishing the Windward School single-season batting average record), and batted .487 and earned first-team All-California Interscholastic Federation Division IV honors as a senior (2009) in addition to Delphic League MVP honors.

Lightly recruited by college baseball programs, Heineman did not receive any scholarship offers. He enrolled at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), where he made the UCLA Bruins baseball team as a walk-on. He played sparingly as a freshman and sophomore, receiving eight at bats as a freshman, and batting .261 in 23 games as a sophomore. Heineman became the Bruins' starting catcher his junior year after starting catcher Steve Rodriguez and recruit Austin Hedges signed professional contracts. He was named All-Pac-12 Conference and a semifinalist for the Johnny Bench Award, given annually to college baseball's best catcher.

## Career

### Houston Astros

The Houston Astros selected Heineman in the eighth round of the 2012 MLB draft. He played for the Tri-City ValleyCats of the Low–A New York–Penn League after signing, and his .358 batting average led the league, while he ranked second in the league in OBP (.452) and OPS (.882). He was a mid-season All Star, and an MiLB Organization All Star.

He played for the Lancaster JetHawks of the High–A California League in 2013, and the Corpus Christi Hooks of the Double–A Texas League in 2014. After the 2014 regular season, the Astros assigned Heineman to the Salt River Rafters of the Arizona Fall League.

Heineman began the 2015 season with Corpus Christi, and received a midseason promotion to the Fresno Grizzlies of the Triple–A Pacific Coast League. He finished 2015 with a .285 batting average, three home runs, and 30 runs batted in. Heineman also spent 2016 with Fresno, where he batted .259 with three home runs and 14 RBIs.

### Milwaukee Brewers

On March 26, 2017, during spring training, the Astros traded Heineman to the Milwaukee Brewers in exchange for a player to be named later or cash considerations. The Brewers assigned him to the Triple–A Colorado Springs Sky Sox, where he posted a .281 batting average with two home runs and 20 RBI across 199 at bats.

In 2018, Heineman played in 78 games split between Colorado Springs and the Double–A Biloxi Shuckers, accumulating a .251/.360/.346 batting line with 4 home runs and 24 RBI. He elected free agency following the season on November 2, 2018.

### Arizona Diamondbacks

On November 13, 2018, Heineman signed a minor-league contract with the Arizona Diamondbacks. He opened the 2019 season with the Reno Aces, batting .325/.407/.525 in 80 at bats.

### Miami Marlins

On June 3, 2019, the Diamondbacks traded Heineman to the Miami Marlins for cash considerations. On September 3, the Marlins selected Heineman's contract. He made his major league debut the next day against the Pittsburgh Pirates, striking out as a pinch hitter. He recorded his first MLB hit on September 25; a pinch-hit double off Jacob deGrom. Heineman hit his first career home run off Zack Wheeler on September 26. On October 16, he was removed from the 40-man roster and sent outright to the Triple–A New Orleans Baby Cakes. He was an MiLB Organization All Star. Heineman elected free agency following the season on November 4.

### San Francisco Giants

On January 6, 2020, Heineman signed a minor league contract with the San Francisco Giants that included an invitation to spring training. On July 23, his contract was selected to the major league roster. In 15 games for the Giants, Heineman batted .190/.202/.506 with 8 hits over 42 trips to the plate. He was outrighted off of the 40-man roster on November 1, and became a free agent the following day.

### St. Louis Cardinals

On November 13, 2020, Heineman signed a minor league contract with the St. Louis Cardinals. On July 1, 2021, after hitting .254 in only 77 plate appearances with the Triple-A Memphis Redbirds, Heineman was released by the Cardinals.

### Philadelphia Phillies

On July 3, 2021, Heineman signed a minor league deal with the Philadelphia Phillies organization. Heineman played in 20 games for the Triple-A Lehigh Valley IronPigs, hitting .274 with 6 RBI's. He became a free agent following the season.

### Toronto Blue Jays

On March 12, 2022, Heineman signed a minor league contract with the Toronto Blue Jays. He was selected to the active roster on April 11.

### Pittsburgh Pirates

On May 16, 2022, Tyler Heineman was claimed off waivers by the Pittsburgh Pirates. He played in 52 games for Pittsburgh, slashing .211/.277/.254 with no home runs and 8 RBI. On November 15, Heineman was designated for assignment by the Pirates after they protected multiple prospects from the Rule 5 draft. On November 18, he was non-tendered and became a free agent.

On December 12, 2022, Heineman re-signed with the Pirates on a minor league contract. On April 4, 2023, Heineman was selected to the active roster. He appeared in 3 games for Pittsburgh, going 1-for-9 with a walk, a stolen base, and a strikeout. On April 26, Heineman was designated for assignment by Pittsburgh following the promotion of Cody Bolton.

### Toronto Blue Jays (second stint)

On April 30, 2023, Heineman was traded to the Toronto Blue Jays for Vinny Capra.

### Boston Red Sox

On December 1, 2023, Heineman was claimed off waivers by the New York Mets. The Mets then designated him for assignment on January 30, 2024 and traded him to the Boston Red Sox on February 2 in exchange for cash considerations. Heineman was optioned to the Triple–A Worcester Red Sox to begin the 2024 season.

He was added to Boston's active roster on April 21, when Triston Casas was placed on the injured list. On April 23, Heineman was placed on the injured list with a right hamstring injury. Following his injury, Heineman was sent to Triple-A Worcester. On June 24, Heineman was recalled to Boston after catcher Connor Wong was placed on the paternity list. He was optioned back to Triple-A Worcester on June 27. Heineman was designated for assignment following the promotion of Zach Penrod on September 14.

### Toronto Blue Jays (third stint)

On September 16, 2024, Heineman was claimed off waivers by the Toronto Blue Jays.

## Personal life

Heineman's younger brother, Scott, is a professional baseball outfielder. Their father, Steve, served in the Santa Monica Police Department.

## InfoBox

| Tyler Heineman | |
| --- | --- |
| Heineman playing for the Fresno Grizzlies in 2015 | |
| Toronto Blue Jays – No. 55 | |
| **Catcher** | |
| **Born:**  (1991-06-19) June 19, 1991
Los Angeles, California, U.S. | |
| **Bats:** Switch**Throws:** Right | |
| MLB debut | |
| September 4, 2019, for the Miami Marlins | |
| MLB statistics
(through June 24, 2024) | |
| Batting average | .216 |
| Home runs | 1 |
| Runs batted in | 15 |
|  | |
| Teams | |
|  | |


title: Twilight (warez)

abstract: Twilight was a Dutch series of monthly warez CD-ROMs and DVDs. The series ran from early 1996 until June 16, 2001. In 2003, "B.G." was convicted for copyright infringements related to the Twilight series, as well as associated violence relating to the discs' production. The court estimated he had earned approximately 1,678,215 Euro with the series in question as well as others. The series was originally distributed from out of the Netherlands, but later appeared in many European countries as well. In 2012, an independently operated website called twilight-cd.com began cataloging the history of the Twilight discs.

text:
# Twilight (warez)

**Twilight** was a Dutch series of monthly warez CD-ROMs and DVDs. The series ran from early 1996 until June 16, 2001. In 2003, "B.G." (full name undisclosed) was convicted for copyright infringements related to the Twilight series, as well as associated violence relating to the discs' production. The court estimated he had earned approximately 1,678,215 Euro with the series in question as well as others. The series was originally distributed from out of the Netherlands, but later appeared in many European countries as well.

In 2012, an independently operated website called twilight-cd.com began cataloging the history of the Twilight discs.

## History

During the period when the series began, CD writers and recordable CDs were still rare and expensive, while the internet was not yet mature for large file transfers as Internet users at the time used dial-up or ISDN modems, and file sharing and P2P networks were still small and insignificant. The original Twilight CDs, which were professionally pressed, could be ordered over the internet in addition to being purchased in stores, creating a profitable income for the disc creators. In turn, the discs were copied and resold by people unrelated to the original distribution as well as shared over the Usenet, which drew the ire from the Twilight disc creators, as it created an inverse proportionality between the sales of CD-ROMs and the speeds of the Internet.

## Organisation

The Twilight discs were created by an organization led by two men known as "B.G.", also known as "De Oorbel" (Dutch for "the Earring", a reference to software piracy) from the village of Soest, Netherlands, and "M.S.", also known as "Idi". The organization also produced and distributed other illegal software packages, branded as Crazybytes, as well as music and films, under the Moviebox name. The CD-ROMs were professionally pressed in large quantities.

Crazybytes were sold in 1996 and was sold from Enschede, Netherlands by Gerrit D., Gerbert D., Mark B., and Jan W. (last names undisclosed); they were reported to police in 1997, but the person who tipped the authorities were allegedly attacked in 1999; the beatings remain uninvestigated.

## Lawsuit and convictions

In 2002 an investigation was started into the source of the Twilight, Crazybytes and Moviebox series. The official estimation of the Dutch attorney general was that in total around 400,000 copies were pressed and sold. The price of a single release was between 20 and 40 Euro. In 2003 "B.G.", "M.S." and an unnamed party were convicted for physical assault and sentenced five years in prison for kidnapping, assault and extortion of a previous member of their organization, "Flappie" and his friend, who had tried to start a rival warez distribution network. In another trial that year, "B.G." was convicted for copyright infringement and constituting "a major disruption of public order". He as well as the general attorney appealed. In 2007 he was finally convicted. It was established that he had to refund 90% of the estimated profits, around 1,5 million Euro. Consequently, three students were convicted for copyright infringements and participation in a criminal organisation by illegally downloading programs using fast university networks to which they had access, as well as breaking the protections of the applications. They were given suspended sentences as well as fines of around 10,000 Euro.


title: Turkey men's national field hockey team

abstract: The Turkey men's national field hockey team represents Turkey in men's international field hockey competitions and is controlled by the Turkish Hockey Federation. So far, Turkey has only competed in the Men's EuroHockey Championship III and EuroHockey Championship IV of the EuroHockey Nations Challenge, with their best ever result being 3rd in the 2021 Championship III and 1st in the 2011 Championship IV.

text:
# Turkey men's national field hockey team

The **Turkey men's national field hockey team** represents Turkey in men's international field hockey competitions and is controlled by the Turkish Hockey Federation.

So far, Turkey has only competed in the Men's EuroHockey Championship III and EuroHockey Championship IV of the EuroHockey Nations Challenge, with their best ever result being 3rd in the 2021 Championship III and 1st in the 2011 Championship IV.

## Tournament record

### EuroHockey Championship II

#### Results

##### 2023

1. Turkey 0-4  Italy
2. Turkey 2-5  Switzerland
3. Turkey 0-10  Scotland
4. Turkey 2-1  Portugal
5. Turkey 1-7  Czech Republic

1 Win / 4 Lose / GF 5 / GA 27 / GD -22

### EuroHockey Championship III

### EuroHockey Championship IV

### Hockey World League

### FIH Hockey Series

#### Results

##### 2018

1. Turkey 2-7  Scotland
2. Turkey 1-17  Russia
3. Turkey 4-5  Portugal
4. Turkey 1-7  Belarus
5. Turkey 2-3  Gibraltar

5 Lose / GF 10 / GA 39 / GD -29

### Men's EuroHockey U21 Championship

1. 2004 Men's EuroHockey Junior Championship III
2. 2006 Men's EuroHockey Junior Championship III
3. 2008 Men's EuroHockey Junior Championship II
4. 2014 Men's EuroHockey Junior Championship III
5. 2014 Men's EuroHockey Junior Championship III
6. 2017 Men's EuroHockey Junior Championship II
7. 2019 Men's EuroHockey Junior Championship II
8. 2022 Men's EuroHockey Junior Championship II
9. 2024 Men's EuroHockey U21 Championship

#### Results

##### 2019

1. Turkey 3-1  Czech Republic
2. Turkey 4-0  Belarus
3. Turkey 1-7  Ireland
4. Turkey 4-5  Russia
5. Turkey 1-4  Ireland

2 Win / 3 Lose / GF 13 / GA 17 / GD -4

##### 2022

##### 2024

1. Turkey 1-13  France
2. Turkey 1-8  Belgium
3. Turkey 1-15  Germany
4. Turkey 3-6  Ireland
5. Turkey 0-9  England

5 Lose / GF 6 / GA 52 / GD -46

## InfoBox

Turkey
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Association | Turkish Hockey Federation |
| Confederation | EHF (Europe) |
| Head Coach | Kazim Koca |
| Manager | Kemal Açikgöz |
| Captain | Vakif Kilinc |
| FIH ranking | |
| Current | 43  (13 August 2024) |
| Highest | 44 (November 2015 – December 2015, October 2017 – December 2018) |
| Lowest | 62 (2009 – 2010) |


title: Winger (sports)

abstract: In certain sports, such as football, field hockey, ice hockey, handball, rugby union, lacrosse and rugby league, winger is a position. It refers to positions on the extreme left and right sides of the pitch, or playing field. In American football and Canadian football, the analogous position is the wide receiver. Wingers often try to use pace to exploit extra space available on the flanks that can be made available by their teammates dominating the centre ground. They must be wary however of not crossing the touchline, or sidelines, and going out of play. In sports where the main method of scoring involves attacking a small goal in the centre of the field, a common tactic is to cross the ball to a central teammate.

text:
# Winger (sports)

In certain sports, such as football, field hockey, ice hockey, handball, rugby union, lacrosse and rugby league, **winger** is a position. It refers to positions on the extreme left and right sides of the pitch, or playing field (the "wings"). In American football and Canadian football, the analogous position is the wide receiver. Wingers often try to use pace to exploit extra space available on the flanks that can be made available by their teammates dominating the centre ground. They must be wary however of not crossing the touchline, or sidelines, and going out of play. In sports where the main method of scoring involves attacking a small goal (by whatever name) in the centre of the field, a common tactic is to cross the ball to a central teammate.

## Association football

In football, a winger is an attacking midfielder in a wide position. Wingers are usually players of great pace or dribbling ability so as to provide cut-backs or crosses from which strikers can score. Their main function is to support attack from the wings. Wingers do much high-speed running from defence to attack.

## Australian rules football

In Australian rules football, the wingers require considerable pace and stamina, as they run up and down the ground linking play between defence and attack and are normally highly skilled in kicking.

## Ice hockey

"Winger", in ice hockey, is a forward position of a player whose primary zone of play on the ice is along the outer playing area. They typically work by flanking the centre forward. Originally the name was given to forward players who went up and down the sides of the rink. Nowadays, there are different types of wing men in the game—out-and-out goal scorers, checkers who disrupt the opponents and forwards who work along the boards and in the corners. This position is typically just called "wing", often preceded by the side on which the player normally skates (left wing or right wing).

## Handball

In handball there are two wing positions: left wing and right wing. In a typical team, these positions are occupied by fast and relatively small players. One of their main jobs in a game are fast attacks.

## Rugby football

Wingers or wings play on either the extreme left or the extreme right. They are usually the fastest players on the field and score the most tries. Wingers often fall back with the fullback to take kicks from the opposition.

There are two wings in a rugby league team, numbered 2 and 5. There are two wings in a rugby union team, numbered 11 and 14.


title: XXP

abstract: XXP was a German documentary TV station headquartered in Berlin. It was started in 2001 by Spiegel TV and dctp. It broadcast documentaries, magazine shows and reports, discussions and interviews. There was also a daily news program. The programs mainly came from Spiegel TV, dctp, BBC, Süddeutsche Zeitung. In January 2006 Discovery Communications bought the TV station. It was replaced in September 2006 by DMAX. The station was available on satellite and certain cable TV networks.

text:
# XXP

**XXP** was a German documentary TV station headquartered in Berlin.

It was started in 2001 by Spiegel TV and dctp. It broadcast documentaries, magazine shows and reports, discussions and interviews. There was also a daily news program. The programs mainly came from Spiegel TV, dctp, BBC, Süddeutsche Zeitung.

In January 2006 Discovery Communications bought the TV station. It was replaced in September 2006 by DMAX.

The station was available on satellite (Astra 19.2°E) and certain cable TV networks.

## Audience share

|  | January | February | March | April | May | June | July | August | September | October | November | December | Annual average |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **2002** | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.0% |
| **2003** | 0.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% |
| **2004** | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% |
| **2005** | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.1% | 0.2% |
| **2006** | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.3% | 0.4% | 0.4% | 0.3% | 0.4% | 0.4% | - | - | - | - | 0.3% |

## InfoBox

XP
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Programming | |
| Picture format | 576i (4:3 SDTV) |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Spiegel TV/dctp (until 2006)<br>Discovery Communications (from 2006) |
| History | |
| Launched | 7 May 2001 (2001-05-07) |
| Closed | 31 August 2006 (2006-08-31) |
| Replaced by | DMAX |
| Links | |
| Website | www.xxp.tv |


title: Neea

abstract:
Neea is a genus of plants in family Nyctaginaceae from the Caribbean region, Central and South America. Members of the genus are commonly called Nia, Neea, or saltwood. The genus was named by botanists José Pavón and Hipólito Ruiz in honor of Luis Née, a botanist on the Malaspina Expedition.
It was first described and published in Fl. Peruv. Prodr. on page 52 in 1794. It is native to Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Leeward Is., Mexico, Nicaragua, Panamá, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, the southwest Caribbean, Suriname, Venezuela and Venezuelan Antilles.

text:
# Neea

***Neea*** is a genus of plants in family Nyctaginaceae from the Caribbean region, Central and South America. Members of the genus are commonly called ***Nia***, ***Neea***, or ***saltwood***.

The genus was named by botanists José Pavón and Hipólito Ruiz in honor of Luis Née, a botanist on the Malaspina Expedition. It was first described and published in Fl. Peruv. Prodr. on page 52 in 1794.

It is native to Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Leeward Is., Mexico, Nicaragua, Panamá, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, the southwest Caribbean, Suriname, Venezuela and Venezuelan Antilles.

## Selected species

It contains the following species (but this list may be incomplete):

* *Neea acuminatissima*, Standl. see *Neea amplifolia*
* *Neea amaruayensis*, Steyerm
* *Neea amplexicaulis*, Dwyer & M.V. Hayden
* *Neea amplifolia*, Donn. Sm.
* *Neea anisophylla*, Ernst
* *Neea bangii*, Rusby
* *Neea belizensis*, Lundell see *Neea psychotrioides*
* *Neea bernardii*, Steyerm.
* *Neea bracteosa*, Steyerm.
* *Neea brevipedunculata*, Steyerm.
* *Neea brittonii*, Standl.
* *Neea buxifolia*, (Hook. f.) Heimerl is an unresolved name
* *Neea cauliflora*, Heimerl see *Neea floribunda*
* *Neea cedenensis*, Steyerm.
* *Neea choriophylla*, Standl. see *Neea psychotrioides*
* *Neea clarkii*, Steyerm.
* *Neea darienensis*, Dwyer & M.V. Hayden
* *Neea davidsei*, Steyerm.
* *Neea delicatula*, Standl.
* *Neea divaricata*, Poepp. & Endl.
* *Neea ekmanii*, Heimerl is an unresolved name
* *Neea elegans*, Dwyer & S.M. Hayden see *Neea amplifolia*
* *Neea elegans*, P.H. Allen see *Neea amplifolia*
* *Neea floribunda*, Poepp. & Endl.
* *Neea gentlei*, Lundell see *Neea psychotrioides*
* *Neea grandis*, Maguire & Steyerm.
* *Neea guaiquinimae*, Steyerm.
* *Neea guatemalensis*, Lundell see *Neea amplifolia*
* *Neea hermaphrodita*, S. Moore
* *Neea hirsuta*, Poepp. & Endl.
* *Neea huachamacarae*, Steyerm.
* *Neea ignicola*, Steyerm.
* *Neea laetevirens*, Standl.
* *Neea laxa*, Poepp. & Endl.
* *Neea liesneri*, Steyerm.
* *Neea macrophylla*, Britton ex Rusby see *Neea brittonii*
* *Neea macrophylla*, Poepp. & Endl.
* *Neea mapourioides*, Steyerm.
* *Neea marahuacae*, Steyerm.
* *Neea neblinensis*, Maguire & Steyerm.
* *Neea obovata*, Spruce ex Heimerl
* *Neea oppositifolia*, Ruíz & Pavón
* *Neea orosiana*, Standl. see *Neea amplifolia*
* *Neea ovalifolia*, Spruce ex J.A.Schmidt
* *Neea parimensis*, Steyerm.
* *Neea parviflora*, Poepp. & Endl.
* *Neea parvifolia*, Lundell see *Neea psychotrioides*
* *Neea pendulina*, Heimerl
* *Neea pittieri*, Standl.
* *Neea popenoei*, P.H. Allen see *Neea psychotrioides*
* *Neea psychotrioides*, Donn. Sm.
* *Neea pycnantha*, Standl. see *Neea psychotrioides*
* *Neea robusta*, Steyerm.
* *Neea schwackeana*, Heimerl
* *Neea sebastianii*, Steyerm.
* *Neea sphaerantha*, Standl. see *Neea psychotrioides*
* *Neea spruceana*, Heimerl
* *Neea subglabrata*, Steyerm.
* *Neea subpubescens*, Heimerl
* *Neea tenuis*, Standl.
* *Neea tepuiensis*, Steyerm.
* *Neea theifera*, Oerst is an unresolved name
* *Neea tristis*, Heimerl
* *Neea urophylla*, Standl. see *Neea amplifolia*
* *Neea verticillata*, Ruiz & Pav.
* *Neea virens*, Poepp. ex Heimerl
* *Neea weberbaueri*, Heimerl see *Neea spruceana*
* *Neea williamsii*, Standl.
* *Neea xanthina*, Standl. see *Neea psychotrioides*

* *Torrubia panamensis*, Standl. see *Neea delicatula*

## InfoBox

| *Neea* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Neea theifera* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| Order: | Caryophyllales |
| Family: | Nyctaginaceae |
| Tribe: | Pisonieae |
| Genus: | *Neea*<br>Ruiz & Pav. |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Eggersia* Hook.f. * *Mitscherlichia* Kunth * *Nebra* Noronha ex Choisy | |


title: Sheelah's Day

abstract: Sheelah's Day, also known as Sheelagh's Day, is an Irish cultural holiday celebrated on 18 March which coincides with St. Patrick's Day. While the holiday is no longer widely celebrated in Ireland, there are still associated festivities celebrated throughout the Irish diaspora in Australia and Canada.

text:
# Sheelah's Day

**Sheelah's Day**, also known as **Sheelagh's Day**, (**Ir. Lá 'le Síle**) is an Irish cultural holiday celebrated on 18 March which coincides with St. Patrick's Day. While the holiday is no longer widely celebrated in Ireland, there are still associated festivities celebrated throughout the Irish diaspora in Australia and Canada.

## History

Traditionally, Sheelah's Day (Lá 'le Síle) was celebrated the day after the Feast of St. Patrick and coincided with the Christian festivities. According to Irish folklore and mythology, Sheelah / Síle (Old Ir. Sighile) was either the wife or mother of St. Patrick, (Naomh Pádraig) and the holiday served to commemorate her life.

Irish antiquarian journals and newspapers from the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries mention a wife of St. Patrick. *Freeman's Journal* referenced Sheelah's Day in 1785, 1811, and 1841. Australian press from the nineteenth century recorded observances of Sheelah's Day, including the consumption of large amounts of alcohol. Sheelah's Day is no longer officially celebrated in Ireland, but continues to be celebrated in Newfoundland, Canada after Irish immigrants arrived in the late seventeenth century.

In Newfoundland the holiday may also be connected to the legend of the Irish princess Sheila NaGeira.

Some scholars suggest a connection between the holiday and the Sheela na gig, found in medieval architecture throughout Europe.

## InfoBox

| Sheelah's Day / Lá Fhéile Síle | |
| --- | --- |
| shamrocks are associated with St. Patrick's Day and Sheelah's Day. | |
| Official name | St. Sheelah's Day / Lá 'le Síle |
| Also called | Sheelagh's Day / Síle's Day |
| Observed by |  |
| Type | Ethnic, cultural |
| Significance | Feast day commemorating the alleged wife of St. Patrick |
| Celebrations |  |
| Date | 18 March |
| Next time | 18 March 2025 (2025-03-18) |
| Frequency | Annual |
| Related to | St. Patrick's Day |


title: Listed buildings in Firbeck

text:
# Listed buildings in Firbeck

Firbeck is a civil parish in the Metropolitan Borough of Rotherham, South Yorkshire, England. The parish contains 20 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England. All the listed buildings are designated at Grade II, the lowest of the three grades, which is applied to "buildings of national importance and special interest". The parish contains the village of Firbeck and the surrounding countryside. Most of the listed buildings are houses and associated structures, farmhouses and farm buildings, and the others consist of a church and a memorial in the churchyard, two ice houses, a bridge and an integral weir, and an external cellar.

## Buildings

| Name and location | Photograph | Date | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Firbeck Hospital
53°23′35″N 1°09′01″W / 53.39295°N 1.15027°W / 53.39295; -1.15027 (Firbeck Hospital) |  | Late 16th century | A country house named Firbeck Hall and later used for other purposes, it is in limestone with slate roofs. The oldest part has two storeys and an attic, and contains a canted bay window. To its left is a large square two-storey block added in the 18th century, with fronts of seven and eight bays. Alterations were made in the 1820s and 1830, which included the addition of numerous shaped and stepped gables. There is a Doric portico with a round arch, a keystone and an entablature. Most of the windows are sashes in architraves with moulded sills and small keystones. On the right return is a square turret with four shaped gables. |
| Manor Farmhouse
53°23′25″N 1°09′15″W / 53.39031°N 1.15421°W / 53.39031; -1.15421 (Manor Farmhouse) |  | Late 16th to early 17th century | The farmhouse is in limestone, with quoins, and a pantile roof with moulded gable copings and gadrooned finials. There are two storeys and attics, and a T-shaped plan, consisting of a five-bay main range, and a cross-wing to the left on a chamfered plinth. Most of the windows are mullioned, some with hood moulds. |
| Farm building, Park Hill Farm
53°23′11″N 1°09′28″W / 53.38645°N 1.15786°W / 53.38645; -1.15786 (Farm building, Park Hill Farm) |  | Early 17th century | The farm building is in limestone with quoins and a pantile roof. There are two storeys and an elongated plan. The openings include windows, some of which are mullioned, a passageway with a basket arch and a chamfered surround, doorways, and slit vents, and there are two flights of external steps. |
| Haven Farmhouse
53°23′22″N 1°08′03″W / 53.38939°N 1.13430°W / 53.38939; -1.13430 (Haven Farmhouse) |  | 18th century (probable) | The older part of the farmhouse is the rear range, the front range added in the mid 19th century. The farmhouse is in limestone, with an eaves band, and a pantile roof with coped gables and shaped kneelers. There are two storeys, a front range of three bays, and a parallel rear range projecting to the left. The doorway has a fanlight, and a cornice on brackets, and the windows on the front are casements, those on the ground floor with hood moulds. In the rear range is a French window, and at the rear is a horizontally-sliding sash window. |
| Knight family memorial
53°23′23″N 1°09′23″W / 53.38985°N 1.15633°W / 53.38985; -1.15633 (Knight family memorial) |  | 18th century | The memorial consists of a monumental gravestone in the churchyard of St Martin's Church. It is in limestone, and consists of a moulded plinth and cornice with inscriptions. On the top of the cornice are two sculpted winged cherubs. On the plinth is an obelisk with a square base and a vase carved within a panel. |
| 3 Lime Avenue
53°23′28″N 1°09′09″W / 53.39099°N 1.15247°W / 53.39099; -1.15247 (3 Lime Avenue) |  | Late 18th century | A limestone house with quoins, and a pantile roof with coped gables and shaped kneelers. There are two storeys and three bays. On the front is a doorway, and a central casement window in the upper floor, and the other windows are horizontally-sliding sashes. |
| 15, 17 and 19 New Road
53°23′26″N 1°09′17″W / 53.39043°N 1.15470°W / 53.39043; -1.15470 (15, 17 and 19 New Road) |  | Late 18th century | A row of three limestone houses with stone slate eaves courses and a pantile roof. There are two storeys, seven bays, and a continuous outshut and other extensions at the rear. In the centre is a doorway with a stone slab hood on brackets, and the windows are casements. |
| Stable block, Firbeck Hospital
53°23′37″N 1°08′58″W / 53.39367°N 1.14955°W / 53.39367; -1.14955 (Stable block, Firbeck Hospital) |  | Late 18th century (probable) | The stable block, later used for other purposes, is in limestone, with an eaves band, a parapet, false gables with arrow slits, and hipped slate roofs. There is a U-shaped plan, with a front range of two storeys and five bays, the end bays projecting slightly. In the centre is a carriage entrance with a basket arch, piers, an impost band, and a keystone. It contains iron gates, and above them is a shaped gable containing a clock face. The outer bays contain sash windows. The rear wings have one storey and eight bays each, the right wing with round-arched doorways, and the left wing with a coach house. |
| Ice house off Salt Hill Bridle Path
53°23′18″N 1°08′43″W / 53.38837°N 1.14521°W / 53.38837; -1.14521 (Ice house off Salt Hill Bridle Path) |  | Late 18th century | The ice house is in red brick and stone. It has a circular plan, 5 metres (16 ft) in diameter, and a shallow domed roof. The entrance passage has been demolished. |
| External cellar, Stone Mill
53°24′05″N 1°10′04″W / 53.40140°N 1.16765°W / 53.40140; -1.16765 (External cellar, Stone Mill) |  | Late 18th century (probable) | The cellar is in magnesian limestone, and has a segmental-arched opening set into a grass bank. Inside is a vault lined with stone shelves. |
| St Martin's Church
53°23′24″N 1°09′22″W / 53.39001°N 1.15618°W / 53.39001; -1.15618 (St Martin's Church) |  | 1820 | Alterations were made to the church in 1887, and the tower was replaced in 1900. The church is in limestone with slate roofs, and consists of a nave, a north aisle, a south porch, a chancel with an apsidal east end, and a northwest tower. The tower has angle buttress strips, and contains round-headed windows. At the top is a corbel table, a parapet with a cornice, a pyramidal lead roof, and a weathervane. The porch has a coped gable, and contains a chamfered round-arched entrance with a hood mould, and a niche containing a statue of Saint Peter. On the south wall of the chancel is a sundial dated 1821. |
| Bridge and weir
53°23′35″N 1°08′52″W / 53.39295°N 1.14783°W / 53.39295; -1.14783 (Bridge and weir) |  | Early 19th century | The bridge and weir cross Lamb Lane Dyke and are in limestone. The bridge consists of a single elliptical arch, with projecting voussoirs, a double keystone, a band, and a coped parapet. The parapet ramps down from the centre and curves to rounded end piers. The weir is at the rear, and is integral with the bridge. |
| Home Farmhouse and farm buildings
53°23′42″N 1°08′54″W / 53.39507°N 1.14840°W / 53.39507; -1.14840 (Home Farmhouse and farm buildings) |  | Early 19th century | A model farm, altered in 1881, consisting of a farmhouse and farm buildings around a quadrangular yard. The buildings are limestone with pantile roofs, and mainly in one storey. The farmhouse has two storeys, and contains casement windows and a French window. The other buildings include a five bay barn with quoins, an elliptical-arched wagon entry and slit vents, a stable block with mounting steps, an eight-bay cowhouse with segmental-arched doorways and windows, and a pigsty. At the front is a wall with an arcade of nine pig troughs. |
| Ice house, Park Hill Farm
53°23′09″N 1°09′39″W / 53.38570°N 1.16083°W / 53.38570; -1.16083 (Ice house, Park Hill Farm) |  | Early 19th century (probable) | The ice house is in limestone with a brick vault. It consists of an earth-covered mound with an arched doorway flanked by wing walls. A short tunnel leads to a square-headed opening into an underground vault. |
| West Lodge, Firbeck Hospital
53°23′39″N 1°09′12″W / 53.39404°N 1.15334°W / 53.39404; -1.15334 (West Lodge, Firbeck Hospital) |  | Mid 19th century | The lodge at the entrance to the drive is in limestone with a stone slate roof and an L-shaped plan. There are two storeys and fronts of two bays. The fronts facing the road and the drive contain mullioned windows and coped ogee-shaped gables with kneelers. At the rear is a doorway with a chamfered surround and a Tudor arched lintel, and above is a single-light window with a cornice. |
| Cartshed and granary, Home Farm
53°23′43″N 1°08′52″W / 53.39514°N 1.14790°W / 53.39514; -1.14790 (Cartshed and granary, Home Farm) |  | Mid 19th century | The cartshed and granary, later used for other purposes, are in limestone and have a pantile roof with a coped gable and shaped kneelers on the right. There are two storeys and three bays, and a single-storey two-bay extension on the left. The building contains square-headed openings under relieving arches, and casement windows under arched heads, and on the right return are external steps. |
| Yew Tree House
53°23′26″N 1°09′15″W / 53.39065°N 1.15408°W / 53.39065; -1.15408 (Yew Tree House) |  | Mid 19th century | A limestone house with oversailing stone slate eaves and verges, and a stone slate roof. There are two storeys, three bays, and a rear wing on the left. The central doorway has a bracketed wooden hood, and the windows are casements with segmental-arched heads and shutters. |
| 23, 25 and 27 New Road
53°23′25″N 1°09′19″W / 53.39021°N 1.15519°W / 53.39021; -1.15519 (23, 25 and 27 New Road) |  | Mid to late 19th century | A row of three limestone houses on a plinth, with oversailing eaves, and a Welsh slate roof. There are two storeys and a symmetrical front of three bays. In the centre is a timber gabled porch with bargeboards and shaped brackets and a decorative finial, and the windows are casements. |
| 64 New Road
53°23′18″N 1°09′35″W / 53.38823°N 1.15959°W / 53.38823; -1.15959 (64 New Road) |  | 1876 | A pair of cottages in cottage orné style, later combined into a house. It is in limestone, with quoins and a pantile roof. There is one storey and attics, and three bays, the right bay projecting and gabled. The doorway has a double-chamfered surround and a canopy on brackets. The windows are casement windows with lozenge-shaped panels and diagonal glazing bars in the corners, and in the attics are gabled dormers. All the gables have pierced bargeboards. |
| 79 New Road
53°23′18″N 1°09′34″W / 53.38845°N 1.15940°W / 53.38845; -1.15940 (79 New Road) |  | 1876 | A cottage in cottage orné style, it is in limestone and has a hipped tile roof. There is a single storey and an attic, and a front of three bays. In the centre is a gabled porch with a scalloped bargeboard and a pendant boss. The windows are casement windows with lozenge-shaped panels and diagonal glazing bars in the corners, and in the attics are gabled dormers. |
|

### Citations

### Sources


title: 1958 Bulgarian Cup

abstract: The 1958 Bulgarian Cup was the 16th season of the Bulgarian Cup. Spartak Plovdiv won the competition, beating Minyor Pernik 1–0 in the final at the Vasil Levski National Stadium in Sofia.

text:
# 1958 Bulgarian Cup

The **1958 Bulgarian Cup** was the 16th season of the Bulgarian Cup (in this period the tournament was named **Cup of the Soviet Army**). Spartak Plovdiv won the competition, beating Minyor Pernik 1–0 in the final at the Vasil Levski National Stadium in Sofia.

## First round

| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Minyor Pernik** | 3–1 | Ludogorets Razgrad |
| **Slavia Sofia** | 4–2 | Dunav Ruse |
| **Spartak Plovdiv** | 4–1 | ATZ Shumen |
| **Spartak Varna** | 2–1 | Litex Lovech |
| Botev Plovdiv | 3–3 (a.e.t.) | Rozova Dolina |
| **Marek Dupnitsa** | 2–1 | Beroe Stara Zagora |
| **Pirin Blagoevgrad** | 1–0 | Lokomotiv Plovdiv |
| **Botev Varna** | 6–3 | Levski Lom |
| **Cherno More Varna** | 4–1 | Arda Kardzhali |
| ***Replay*** | | |
| **Botev Plovdiv** | 1–0 | Rozova Dolina |

## Second round

| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **CSKA Sofia** | 5–1 | FC Tryavna |
| **Slavia Sofia** | 3–1 | Botev Plovdiv |
| **Spartak Plovdiv** | 2–1 | Lokomotiv Sofia |
| **Cherno More Varna** | 5–1 | Spartak Pleven |
| **Spartak Varna** | 3–0 (w/o) | Pirin Blagoevgrad |
| **Minyor Pernik** | 10–0 | Rodni krile Sofia |
| **Botev Varna** | 3–0 (w/o) | Pomorie |
| **Levski Sofia** | 6–2 | Marek Dupnitsa |

## Quarter-finals

| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **CSKA Sofia** | 2–1 | Spartak Varna |
| Slavia Sofia | 1–4 | **Spartak Plovdiv** |
| **Minyor Pernik** | 2–1 | Cherno More Varna |
| **Levski Sofia** | 3–0 | Botev Varna |

## Semi-finals

| Team 1 | Score | Team 2 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Minyor Pernik** | 2–1 | Levski Sofia |
| **Spartak Plovdiv** | 1–0 | CSKA Sofia |

## Final

### Details

| Spartak Plovdiv | 1−0 | Minyor Pernik |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Dushev  60' |  |  |

Vasil Levski National Stadium, SofiaAttendance: 20,000Referee: Georgi Hristov (Sofia)

## InfoBox

1958 Bulgarian Cup
| Tournament details | |
| --- | --- |
| Country | Bulgaria |
| Final positions | |
| Champions | Spartak Plovdiv<br>(1st cup) |
| Runner-up | Minyor Pernik |
|  | |


title: Milorad Krivokapić (water polo)

abstract: Milorad Krivokapić is a retired Serbian water polo player. He won a silver Olympic gold medal winner with Yugoslavia at the 1980 Summer Olympics and a gold medal at the 1984 Summer Olympics. He is currently president of Serbian water polo association.

text:
# Milorad Krivokapić (water polo)

**Milorad Krivokapić** (born 8 January 1956) is a retired Serbian water polo player. He won a silver Olympic gold medal winner with Yugoslavia at the 1980 Summer Olympics and a gold medal at the 1984 Summer Olympics. He is currently president of Serbian water polo association.

## InfoBox

Milorad Krivokapić
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1956-01-08) 8 January 1956<br>Herceg Novi, FPR Yugoslavia |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Water polo |
| Medal record      Representing  Yugoslavia  Olympic Games  1984 Los Angeles Team competition  1980 Moscow Team competition  World Championships  1986 Madrid Team competition  European Championships  1985 Sofia Team competition  Mediterranean Games  1979 Split Team competition  1983 Casablanca Team competition | |


abstract: This is a list of properties and districts in Lowndes County, Georgia that are listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP).           This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted October 4, 2024.

text:
# National Register of Historic Places listings in Lowndes County, Georgia

This is a list of properties and districts in Lowndes County, Georgia that are listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP).

*This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted October 4, 2024.*

## Current listings

|  | Name on the Register | Image | Date listed | Location | City or town | Description |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Barber-Pittman House |  | February 12, 1980
(#80001108) | 416 N. Ashley St.
30°50′07″N 83°16′47″W / 30.835278°N 83.279722°W / 30.835278; -83.279722 (Barber-Pittman House) | Valdosta |  |
| 2 | Brookwood North Historic District |  | June 2, 1995
(#95000684) | Roughly bounded by Patterson St., Georgia Ave., Oak St., Park Ave., Williams St. and Brookwood Dr.
30°51′06″N 83°17′16″W / 30.851667°N 83.287778°W / 30.851667; -83.287778 (Brookwood North Historic District) | Valdosta | Contributing property at 1521 N Patterson St. |
| 3 | Carnegie Library of Valdosta |  | January 12, 1984
(#84001120) | 305 W. Central Ave.
30°49′50″N 83°16′58″W / 30.830556°N 83.282778°W / 30.830556; -83.282778 (Carnegie Library of Valdosta) | Valdosta | Built in 1914, it now houses the Lowndes County Historical Society and Museum |
| 4 | Converse-Dalton House |  | April 28, 1983
(#83000233) | 305 N. Patterson St.
30°50′00″N 83°16′48″W / 30.8333°N 83.27988°W / 30.8333; -83.27988 (Converse-Dalton House) | Valdosta |  |
| 5 | The Crescent |  | January 8, 1980
(#80001109) | 904 N. Paterson St.
30°50′22″N 83°17′02″W / 30.839444°N 83.283889°W / 30.839444; -83.283889 (The Crescent) | Valdosta |  |
| 6 | Crestwood |  | January 12, 1984
(#84001147) | 502 Eager Rd.
30°52′14″N 83°18′10″W / 30.87047°N 83.30272°W / 30.87047; -83.30272 (Crestwood) | Valdosta | Built in 1915, it is down a private gated drive, but visible from public property. |
| 7 | Dasher High School |  | April 18, 1985
(#85000849) | 900 S. Troup St.
30°50′49″N 83°16′11″W / 30.846944°N 83.269722°W / 30.846944; -83.269722 (Dasher High School) | Valdosta |  |
| 8 | East End Historic District |  | May 21, 2005
(#05000427) | NE of downtown Valdosta roughly bounded by North Ashley and E. Ann Sts., East Hill Ave., and Georgia and Florida RR
30°50′19″N 83°16′25″W / 30.838611°N 83.273611°W / 30.838611; -83.273611 (East End Historic District) | Valdosta | Contributing property at 315 E Central Ave. |
| 9 | Ewell Brown General Store |  | February 21, 1997
(#97000099) | RR Ave., jct. with Lawrence St.
30°40′59″N 83°10′56″W / 30.68319°N 83.18216°W / 30.68319; -83.18216 (Ewell Brown General Store) | Lake Park | Now houses the Lake Park Museum |
| 10 | Fairview Historic District |  | June 28, 1984
(#84001149) | W. Central, Floyd, River, Varnedoe, and Wells Sts.
30°49′50″N 83°17′07″W / 30.830556°N 83.285278°W / 30.830556; -83.285278 (Fairview Historic District) | Valdosta |  |
| 11 | First Presbyterian Church |  | November 2, 1987
(#87001912) | 313 N. Patterson St.
30°50′03″N 83°16′10″W / 30.834167°N 83.269444°W / 30.834167; -83.269444 (First Presbyterian Church) | Valdosta |  |
| 12 | Hahira Commercial Historic District |  | March 18, 2022
(#100006746) | Centered on Main St. (GA 122) between Marshall St. and Church St. (US 41)
30°59′28″N 83°22′27″W / 30.9911°N 83.3741°W / 30.9911; -83.3741 (Hahira Commercial Historic District) | Hahira | District includes Hahira City Hall |
| 13 | Lowndes County Courthouse |  | September 18, 1980
(#80001110) | 100 E. Central Ave.
30°49′57″N 83°16′45″W / 30.8325°N 83.279167°W / 30.8325; -83.279167 (Lowndes County Courthouse) | Valdosta |  |
| 14 | North Patterson Street Historic District |  | June 28, 1984
(#84001151) | 1003-1111 N. Patterson St.
30°50′30″N 83°17′05″W / 30.841667°N 83.284722°W / 30.841667; -83.284722 (North Patterson Street Historic District) | Valdosta |  |
| 15 | Southside Historic District |  | April 27, 2007
(#07000379) | Roughly bounded by CSX tracks, Bunche Dr., Griffin Ave., Old Statenville Rd., Wisenbake Ln, Dasher Ln., and S. Patterson R
30°49′19″N 83°16′12″W / 30.822°N 83.270°W / 30.822; -83.270 (Southside Historic District) | Valdosta |  |
| 16 | Sunset Hill Cemetery |  | September 10, 2004
(#04000957) | 1100 N. Oak St.
30°50′31″N 83°17′29″W / 30.841944°N 83.291389°W / 30.841944; -83.291389 (Sunset Hill Cemetery) | Valdosta |  |
| 17 | Valdosta Commercial Historic District |  | September 15, 1983
(#83000234) | Roughly bounded by Savannah Ave., Lee, Toombs, and Valley Sts.
30°49′53″N 83°16′43″W / 30.831389°N 83.278611°W / 30.831389; -83.278611 (Valdosta Commercial Historic District) | Valdosta |  |


title: Svend Haugaard

abstract: Svend Haugaard (1913–2003), was a Danish politician and party leader. Member of Folketinget for the Social Liberal Party 1964–1979. Agronomist. Headmaster of an agricultural high school. Was part of a leftist oppositional party faction during the party leadership of Hilmar Baunsgaard. Followed the latter as party leader but achieved a poor election result in February 1977. Haugaard had a lifelong personal and organizational commitment to pacifism. In translation, his memoirs from 1989 are called No words without deeds.

text:
# Svend Haugaard

**Svend Haugaard** (19132003), was a Danish politician and party leader. Member of Folketinget for the Social Liberal Party 1964–1979. Agronomist. Headmaster of an agricultural high school. Was part of a leftist oppositional party faction during the party leadership of Hilmar Baunsgaard. Followed the latter as party leader but achieved a poor election result in February 1977. Haugaard had a lifelong personal and organizational commitment to pacifism. In translation, his memoirs from 1989 are called *No words without deeds*.


title: Svend Holm

abstract: Svend Holm was a Danish footballer. He played in one match for the Denmark national football team in 1919.

text:
# Svend Holm

**Svend Holm** (25 October 1895  24 August 1985) was a Danish footballer. He played in one match for the Denmark national football team in 1919.

## InfoBox

Svend Holm
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1895-10-25)25 October 1895 | | |
| Date of death | 24 August 1985(1985-08-24) (aged 89) | | |
| International career | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1919 | Denmark | 1 | (0) |


title: Sverrir Sverrisson

abstract: Sverrir Sverrisson is an Icelandic former footballer who played as a midfielder. His brother is former captain and later manager of the Icelandic national football team, Eyjólfur Sverrisson.

text:
# Sverrir Sverrisson

**Sverrir Sverrisson** is an Icelandic former footballer who played as a midfielder. His brother is former captain and later manager of the Icelandic national football team, Eyjólfur Sverrisson.

## InfoBox

Sverrir Sverrisson
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Sverrir Sverrisson | | |
| Date of birth | 31 December 1969 | | |
| Place of birth | Sauðárkrókur, Iceland | | |
| Position(s) | Midfielder | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1985–1990 | Tindastóll | ? | (?) |
| 1991 | KA | 18 | (4) |
| 1992–1993 | Tindastóll | ? | (?) |
| 1994–1996 | Leiftur | 31+ | (18) |
| 1997 | ÍBV | 18 | (7) |
| 1998–1999 | Malmö FF | 31 | (7) |
| 2000–2003 | Fylkir | 67 | (17) |
| 2004 | Breiðablik | 17 | (0) |
| International career | | | |
| 1985 | Iceland U-17 | 2 | (0) |
| 1996–2001 | Iceland | 17 | (0) |
| Managerial career | | | |
| 2005 | Fylkir (caretaker) | | |
| 2008 | Fylkir (caretaker) | | |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Susan Langdon

abstract: Susan Langdon is the CEO of the Toronto Fashion Incubator (TFI).

text:
# Susan Langdon

**Susan Langdon** is the CEO of the Toronto Fashion Incubator (TFI).

## Career

Langdon attended Ryerson University and completed the Fashion Design program. During the 1980s, she launched a line of clothes with the help of a financial backer. Sales reached $500,000 in her first season of activity. Langdon is the chief executive of the Toronto Fashion Incubator since 1994 where she has mentored many Canadian fashion designers, including David Dixon, Sunny Fong of Project Runway Canada, Joeffer Caoc, Sid Neigum, Foxy Originals, Jenny Bird, Arthur Mendonça, Laura Siegel, Line Knitwear and Smythe.

## Awards

* 1996: City of Toronto Excellence in Fashion Industry Achievement Award
* 1998: Ryerson University's Alumni Award of Distinction and inducted into the university's hall of fame
* 2005: JoAnna Townsend Award from the Organization of Women in International Trade
* 2015: Fashion Group International Visionary Award
* 2021: Order of Canada for her services to Canadian fashion
* Woolmark Award of Distinction and Concours Design Award

## InfoBox

| Susan Langdon | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | Toronto, Ontario Canada |
| Education | Ryerson University |
| Occupation | CEO |
| Awards |  |


title: Sven Jerring

abstract: Sven Alfred Teodor Jerring was a Swedish radio man who for almost 50 years worked as a presenter, sports journalist, and commentator at the national Swedish broadcasting company AB Radiotjänst, in the mid-fifties renamed to Sveriges Radio. He was married from 1929 to 1937 to book illustrator Yvonne Millde, and from 1972 until his death to nurse Barbro Wessel (1920–2007). He was the brother of actor and director Nils Jerring. Jerring was born in Malung, Sweden, but the family moved a lot during his childhood. When he turned eleven the family moved to Vadstena, Sweden. The young Jerring has been described as a silent reclusive person that mostly liked to play. When he got older he graduated and did military service. He was stationed at Petrograd in current Saint Petersburg, Russia between 1917 and 1918. During his service the Russian October Revolution happened. After his return to Sweden from Petrograd, Jerring became a freelance journalist and wrote for the Vadstena Läns Tidning; in 1921 he moved to Östgöta-bladet where he wrote articles under the pseudonym Jerker Ring. In 1923 Jerring started working at Åhlén & Åkerlunds förlag; the same year he also started working for the publishing house's radio show and made his radio debut on 2 December 1923. When Radiotjänst started broadcasting on 1 January 1925, Jerring became its presenter and announcer. He became the most popular radio personality of the time, also known as Farbror Sven to the Swedish public. His skillful and knowledgeable reporting and sports reports became well-known and he commentated on Vasaloppet annually from 1925. The program Barnens brevlåda had its premiere broadcast on the radio in 1925, and is one of the longest running radio programmes in Swedish history. When Jerring ended the show on 11 June 1972, 1785 episodes had already been broadcast, making it the world's longest-broadcast radio programme at the time. In 1977 he was awarded the Illis quorum. Jerring died in Stockholm in April 1979 and was buried at Norra begravningsplatsen.

text:
# Sven Jerring

**Sven Alfred Teodor Jerring** (born *Jonsson*, 8 December 1895 – 27 April 1979) was a Swedish radio man who for almost 50 years worked as a presenter, sports journalist, and commentator at the national Swedish broadcasting company AB Radiotjänst, in the mid-fifties renamed to Sveriges Radio.

He was married from 1929 to 1937 to book illustrator Yvonne Millde, and from 1972 until his death to nurse Barbro Wessel (1920–2007). He was the brother of actor and director Nils Jerring.

Jerring was born in Malung, Sweden, but the family moved a lot during his childhood. When he turned eleven the family moved to Vadstena, Sweden. The young Jerring has been described as a silent reclusive person that mostly liked to play. When he got older he graduated and did military service. He was stationed at Petrograd in current Saint Petersburg, Russia between 1917 and 1918. During his service the Russian October Revolution happened. After his return to Sweden from Petrograd, Jerring became a freelance journalist and wrote for the *Vadstena Läns Tidning*; in 1921 he moved to *Östgöta-bladet* where he wrote articles under the pseudonym Jerker Ring. In 1923 Jerring started working at Åhlén & Åkerlunds förlag; the same year he also started working for the publishing house's radio show and made his radio debut on 2 December 1923.

When Radiotjänst (now known as Sveriges Radio) started broadcasting on 1 January 1925, Jerring became its presenter and announcer. He became the most popular radio personality of the time, also known as *Farbror Sven* (lit.'Uncle Sven') to the Swedish public. His skillful and knowledgeable reporting and sports reports became well-known and he commentated on Vasaloppet annually from 1925.

The program *Barnens brevlåda* had its premiere broadcast on the radio in 1925, and is one of the longest running radio programmes in Swedish history. When Jerring ended the show on 11 June 1972, 1785 episodes had already been broadcast, making it the world's longest-broadcast radio programme at the time. In 1977 he was awarded the Illis quorum.

Jerring died in Stockholm in April 1979 and was buried at Norra begravningsplatsen.

## Jerringfonden and Jerringpriset

On Jerring's 60th birthday in 1955, a collection was taken up amongst friends and colleagues. With this money he created the *Stiftelsen Sven Jerrings Fond för fysiskt och psykiskt missgynnade barn* ('The Sven Jerring Foundation for physically and mentally disadvantaged children'), today known as *Jerringfonden* ('the Jerring Foundation'). Over the years so much money has been donated to the foundation that it can give away five million kronor annually in the form of scholarships and research grants.

Radiosportens Jerringpris is an annual award in Jerring's memory given to an athlete who has excelled in their sport, chosen by popular vote.

1. 1907–1963Sveriges Dödbok 1901–2009, DVD-ROM, Version 5.00, Sveriges Släktforskarförbund (2010)
2. Sveriges Radio. "Sven Jerring - en legendarisk radioröst". Retrieved 7 December 2014.
3. Sven Jerring; Ett stycke radiohistoria, Nils-Olof Franzén, Bonniers, 1988
4. Sveriges Radio. "Vasaloppet – en radioklassiker med anor". Retrieved 7 December 2014.
5. Sven Jerring; Ett stycke radiohistoria, Nils-Olof Franzén, Bonniers, 1988, page 395
6. "Regeringens belöningsmedaljer och regeringens utmärkelse: Professors namn". *Regeringskansliet* (in Swedish). January 2006. Archived from the original on 2021-11-02. Retrieved 2022-05-18.
7. "Sök på gravsatta i Stockholm". Archived from the original on December 8, 2014. Retrieved 7 December 2014.
8. Sven Jerring - Jerringfonden Archived July 29, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
9. Sveriges Radio. "Jerringpriset 2014 - Jerringpriset". Retrieved 7 December 2014.

## InfoBox

| Sven Jerring | |
| --- | --- |
| Sven Jerring in 1937 | |
| Born | Sven Alfred Teodor Jonsson
(1895-12-08)8 December 1895
Malung, Sweden |
| Died | 27 April 1979(1979-04-27) (aged 83)
Stockholm, Sweden |
| Burial place | Norra begravningsplatsen |
| Occupation(s) | Radioman, sports commentator |
| Signature | |
|  | |


title: Sutton-in-Ashfield Town railway station

abstract: Sutton-in-Ashfield Town railway station or simply "Sutton Town" railway station served the market town of Sutton-in-Ashfield, Nottinghamshire in England.

text:
# Sutton-in-Ashfield Town railway station

**Sutton-in-Ashfield Town** railway station or simply "Sutton Town" railway station served the market town of Sutton-in-Ashfield, Nottinghamshire in England.

## Context

The station was built by the Great Northern Railway (GNR) as part of their **Leen Valley Extension** which enabled trains to run from Nottingham Victoria to Shirebrook North via Sutton-in-Ashfield Town, Skegby, Pleasley East and Shirebrook South.

| Preceding station |  | Disused railways |  | Following station |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Skegby |  | London and North Eastern Railway
Leen Valley Line |  | Newstead and Annesley |

## History

The Leen Valley Extension started at Kirkby South Junction where it left the Great Central Main Line. It was opened northwards in stages, with passenger services as far as Skegby commencing with some fanfare on 4 April 1898. The line through Pleasley station opened for mineral traffic as far as Shirebrook Colliery on 26 November 1900. Passenger services were extended north of Skegby to Pleasley and Shirebrook (later renamed "Shirebrook South") on 1 November 1901. The high embankment through the town of Shirebrook which completed the Leen Valley Extension by connecting the GNR's Shirebrook (later "Shirebrook South") and the LD&ECR's Langwith Junction (later "Shirebrook North") was opened on 29 May 1901.

The passenger service then settled down to five trains per day plying between Shirebrook (later Shirebrook South) and Nottingham Victoria, with two extra on Wednesdays and Saturdays. There was no Sunday service. The GCR took the LD&ECR over in 1907, so after that date The Leen Valley extension joined the Great Central at both ends. Nevertheless, at least until 1922 local passenger trains ran North from Nottingham Victoria and terminated at Shirebrook (later Shirebrook South), despite Shirebrook North being only a mile further on. To modern eyes this appears like running trains along the East Coast Main line from Edinburgh, terminating at Finsbury Park instead of Kings Cross. It is probably explained by the fact that services from Sheffield Midland via Spinkhill and Langwith Junction (Shirebrook North) continued to the Midland Railway station at Mansfield, giving an onward connection to Nottingham Midland. From 1925 trains started running the last mile to Shirebrook North, but the writing was already on the wall.

The railways in these parts were built primarily to carry coal. Local passenger services were typically loss-making and got in the way of freight traffic. The Shirebrook North - Shirebrook South - Nottingham Victoria service was withdrawn on 14 September 1931.

The line remained open for six purposes:

* coal
* through freight services
* local freight services
* diversions if the GCML was overloaded or under repair,
* special trains, notably for football matches(see below) and enthusiasts, and
* Summer excursions.

Summer weekend excursions to places such as Skegness continued to call at Pleasley East until October 1963. At which point the station became redundant and closed completely.

The GCML closed North of Nottingham in September 1966, so diversions also ended, but a last hurrah was a sleeping car service from Marylebone to Glasgow which passed through from 1962 to 1964.

Collieries closed or rationalised production, for example Pleasley Colliery joined underground with Shirebrook Colliery and sent its coal to the surface that way.

Through freight dwindled or went by other routes, so fewer trains passed through the Skegby station site.

A Stephenson Locomotive Society "Farewell" railtour traversed the line on 4 May 1968.

The line was closed on 27 May 1968 and has since been lifted. Sutton-in-Ashfield Town station has been demolished, however until a fire in 2008, one of the last surviving parts of the former station. The station masters house had been occupied but a fire in 2008 destroyed the roof and the building has been fenced off. It is due to be demolished for housing but still remains in situ as of 2021. The track from Sutton to Pleasley via Skegby is now the "Skegby Trail".

Parts of the trackbed and those of neighbouring lines have been turned into public footpaths and bridleways.

### Sources

* Anderson, Paul; Cupit, Jack (2000). *An Illustrated History of Mansfield's Railways*. Clophill: Irwell Press. ISBN 1-903266-15-7.
* Bradshaw, George (1985) \[July 1922\]. *Bradshaw's General Railway and Steam Navigation guide for Great Britain and Ireland: A reprint of the July 1922 issue*. Newton Abbot: David & Charles. ISBN 978-0-7153-8708-5. OCLC 12500436.
* Felix, Richard; McKeown, Ron (2004) \[1968\]. *Farewell to the GNR lines in Derbyshire and Nottinghamshire (from a mix of cine and stills)* (DVD). Derby: Local Videos 2004 Ltd. 39mins from start.
* Howard Anderson, P. (1973). *Forgotten Railways: The East Midlands*. Newton Abbott: David & Charles. ISBN 0-7153-6094-9.
* Little, Lawson (1995). *Langwith Junction, the Life and Times of a Railway Village*. Newark: Vesper Publications. ISBN 0-9526171-0-2.
* Little, Lawson (Autumn 2002). Bell, Brian (ed.). "L.D.E.C Part II A lineside look at Langwith Junction: (1) the 1940s". *Forward*. **133**. Holton le Clay, Grimsby: Brian Bell for the Great Central Railway Society. ISSN 0141-4488.

## Other Reading

* *Midland Railway System Maps (The Distance Diagrams), volume 2 - Leeds to Leicester and branches; Derby to Manchester and branches; Cheshire Lines* (1909-1923 ed.). Teignmouth: Peter Kay. 1998. ISBN 1-899890-17-3.

## InfoBox

| Sutton-in-Ashfield Town | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Location | Sutton-in-Ashfield, Ashfield
England |
| Coordinates | 53°07′39″N 1°15′31″W / 53.1274°N 1.2586°W / 53.1274; -1.2586 |
| Grid reference | SK 497 591 |
| Platforms | 2 |
| Other information | |
| Status | Disused |
| History | |
| Original company | Great Northern Railway |
| Post-grouping | LNER |
| Key dates | |
| 1 Nov 1901 | Opened |
| 14 Sep 1931 | Closed to timetabled passenger traffic |
| 27 May 1968 | Line closed completely |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


abstract: Sutton-in-Ashfield Central railway station is a former railway station that served the town of Sutton-in-Ashfield, Nottinghamshire, England.

text:
# Sutton-in-Ashfield Central railway station

**Sutton-in-Ashfield Central railway station** is a former railway station that served the town of Sutton-in-Ashfield, Nottinghamshire, England.

## History

The station was opened by the Mansfield Railway along with Mansfield Central and Kirkby-in-Ashfield Central stations in 1917. The line and its stations were worked by the Great Central Railway and became part of the LNER in 1923 and subsequently British Railways in 1948.

The station was conventional and spacious.

Most passenger trains plied between Nottingham Victoria and Mansfield Central, with some extending to Edwinstowe and Ollerton.

Goods and timetabled passenger services ceased on 3 January 1956, though summer weekend excursion traffic to Scarborough, Cleethorpes, Skegness and Mablethorpe continued until 1962.

The line through the station was closed on 7 January 1968 and subsequently lifted.

| Preceding station |  | Disused railways |  | Following station |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Mansfield Central |  | British Railways
Mansfield Railway |  | Kirkby-in-Ashfield Central |

### Notes

### Sources

* Anderson, Paul; Cupit, Jack (2000). *An Illustrated History of Mansfield's Railways*. Clophill: Irwell Press. ISBN 1-903266-15-7.
* Booth, Chris (December 2011). Gellatly, Bob (ed.). "Signalling on the Mansfield Railway-Part 1". *Forward*. **170**. North Anston, Sheffield: Bob Gellatly for the Great Central Railway Society. ISSN 0141-4488.
* Bradshaw, George (1985) \[1922\]. *July 1922 Railway Guide*. Newton Abbott: David & Charles.
* Cupit, Jack (February 1956). Allen, G. Freeman (ed.). "The end of Passenger Services on the Mansfield Railway". *Trains Illustrated*. **IX** (2). Hampton Court, Surrey: Ian Allan Ltd.
* Dow, George (1971) \[1965\]. *Great Central, Volume 3*. London: Ian Allan. ISBN 0 7110 0263 0.
* Lund, Brian (1999) \[1991\]. *Nottinghamshire Railway Stations on old picture postcards*. Keyworth, Nottingham: Reflections of a Bygone Age. ISBN 0 946245 36 3.

## Further reading

* Howard Anderson, P. (1973). *Forgotten Railways: The East Midlands*. Newton Abbott: David & Charles. ISBN 0 7153 6094 9.

## InfoBox

| Sutton-in-Ashfield Central | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Location | Sutton-in-Ashfield, Ashfield
England |
| Coordinates | 53°07′18″N 1°14′57″W / 53.1218°N 1.2491°W / 53.1218; -1.2491 |
| Grid reference | SK503585 |
| Platforms | 2 |
| Other information | |
| Status | Disused |
| History | |
| Original company | Mansfield Railway |
| Pre-grouping | Mansfield Railway |
| Post-grouping |  |
| Key dates | |
| 2 April 1917 | Opened |
| 6 January 1956 | Closed to timetabled passenger traffic and to goods |
| 8 September 1956 | Closed to timetabled summer Saturday holiday trains |
| September 1962 | Seasonal excursions ended |
| 7 January 1968 | Line through station closed |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |