title: UD Las Palmas in European football

abstract: These are the matches that Las Palmas have played in European football competitions. The club's first entry into European football was the 1969–70 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup, with their first official entry in the 1972–73 UEFA Cup.

text:
# UD Las Palmas in European football

These are the matches that **Las Palmas** have played in European football competitions. The club's first entry into European football was the 1969–70 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup, with their first official entry in the 1972–73 UEFA Cup.

## UEFA-organised seasonal competitions

*Las Palmas's score listed first.*

### UEFA Cup

| Season | Round | Opposition | Home | Away | Aggregate | Reference |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1972–73 | First Round | Torino | 4–0 | 0–2 | **4–2** |  |
| | Second Round | Slovan Bratislava | 2–2 | 1–0 | **3–2** | |
| | Third Round | Twente | 2–1 | 0–3 | **2–4** | |
| 1977–78 | First Round | Sloboda Tuzla | 5–0 | 3–4 | **8–4** |  |
| | Second Round | Ipswich Town | 3–3 | 0–1 | **3–4** | |

## UEFA-non organised seasonal competitions

### Inter-Cities Fairs Cup

| Season | Round | Opposition | Home | Away | Aggregate |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1969–70 | First Round | Hertha BSC | 0–0 | 0–1 | **0–1** |

## Overall record

### By competition

*As of 19 October 1977*

| Competition | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Win% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| UEFA Cup | 10 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 20 | 16 | +4 | 040.00 |
| Fairs Cup | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | −1 | 000.00 |
| Total | 12 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 20 | 17 | +3 | 033.33 |

Source: UEFA.com
**Pld** = Matches played; **W** = Matches won; **D** = Matches drawn; **L** = Matches lost; **GF** = Goals for; **GA** = Goals against; **GD** = Goal Difference.

## InfoBox

UD Las Palmas in European football
| Club | UD Las Palmas |
| --- | --- |
| Seasons played | 3 |
| First entry | 1969–70 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup |
| Latest entry | 1977–78 UEFA Cup |


title: William S. Romoser

abstract: William Sherburne Romoser was an American entomologist. He was an emeritus professor of Arbovirology and Medical Entomology at the Ohio University.

text:
# William S. Romoser

**William Sherburne Romoser** (October 18, 1940 — May 5, 2021) was an American entomologist. He was an emeritus professor of Arbovirology and Medical Entomology at the Ohio University.

## Education and career

Romoser was born in October 18, 1940 in Columbus, Ohio. He completed his BSc at Ohio State University in 1962. He stayed to complete his PhD in Zoology under the supervision of Carl Venard at the same institution in 1964. His thesis title was *The Development Of The Oesophageal Diverticula In Aedes Triseriatus (Say)*.

Romoser is now an emeritus professor of Arbovirology and Medical Entomology at the Ohio University. Previously, he was the Director of the International Development Studies Program, Ohio University Center for International Studies and the Director and co-founder of the Ohio University Tropical Disease Institute. He was 1992 chair of the American Committee of Medical Entomology, American Society of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene and president of the Ohio Mosquito and Vector Association in 1995 & 1996. Romoser was a research entomologist with the Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory (1971-1974) and with the USAMRIID (1983-2003). He was a senior National Research Council Senior Postdoctoral Research Associate at USAMRIID (1984-1985).

He was the sole author of the original edition of *The Science of Entomology* (1973 & 1981) and co-author for the 3rd and 4th editions (1994 & 1998) and has been a contributing author to *Biology of Disease Vectors* (1996) and *Medical Entomology: A Textbook on Public Health and Veterinary Problems Caused by Arthropods* (2000).

He was invited to present a lecture on "Overview of Arthropods & Their Impact on the Health of Humans & Other Vertebrates" as part of the "Vector-borne Disease" series in The Biomedical & Life Sciences collection, Henry Stewart Talks Ltd., London.

In late 2019, having spent years analyzing NASA images of Mars, Romoser presented a poster on evidence of insect-like forms on the red planet at a national meeting of the Entomological Society of America.

Romoser died suddenly on May 5, 2021.

## Books

* *The Science of Entomology*. 1st ed. Macmillan (1973), ISBN 0-02-403420-7. 2nd ed. Macmillan (1981) ISBN 978-0024034106.


title: Lin Carter's Simrana Cycle

abstract: Lin Carter's Simrana Cycle is a collection of fantasy short stories by American writer Lin Carter, selected and edited by Robert M. Price. It was first published in hardcover, trade paperback and ebook by Celaeno Press in February 2018.

text:
# Lin Carter's Simrana Cycle

***Lin Carter's Simrana Cycle*** is a collection of fantasy short stories by American writer Lin Carter, selected and edited by Robert M. Price. It was first published in hardcover, trade paperback and ebook by Celaeno Press in February 2018.

## Summary

The collection gathers together all twelve of Carter's tales set in his Lord Dunsany-inspired "dreamworld" of Simrana, some previously published and a few previously unpublished, including two newly completed by Robert M. Price and Glynn Owen Barrass. One story, previously published in two versions, "The Gods of Neol Shendis" and "The Gods of Nion Parma," is included in both forms. Appended are nine "Dunsanian" stories written as tributes to Carter and Simrana by Darrell Schweitzer, Gary Myers, Adrian Cole, Charles Garofalo, and Robert M. Price, along with some of the original stories that inspired Carter, eight by Lord Dunsany himself and one by Henry Kuttner.

## Contents

* "Introduction" (from *Lin Carter: A Look Behind his Imaginary Worlds*, 1991)
* "The Gods of Niom Parma" (from *Warlocks and Warriors*, 1970)
* "The Whelming of Oom" (from *The Young Magicians*, 1969)
* "Zingazar" (from *New Worlds for Old*, 1971)
* "How Sargoth Lay Siege to Zaremm" (from *Swordsmen and Supermen*, 1972)
* "The Laughter of Han" (from *Fantasy Tales*, v. 5, no. 9, spring 1982)
* "The Benevolence of Yib" (from *Crypt of Cthulhu*, no. 51, Hallowmas 1987)
* "How Ghuth Would Have Hunted the Silth" (from *Crypt of Cthulhu*, no. 54, Eastertide 1988)
* "The Thievery of Yish" (from *Fantasy Tales*, v. 10, no. 1, autumn 1988)
* "How Her Doom Came Down at Last on Adrazoon" (from *Crypt of Cthulhu*, no. 57, St. John's Eve 1988)
* "How Jal Set Forth on his Journeying"
* "The Gods of Neol Shendis" (from *Amra*, v. 2, no. 41, July 1966)
* "How Shand Became King of Thieves" (with Robert M. Price)
* "Caolin the Conjurer (Or, Dzimdazoul)" (with Glynn Owen Barrass)

* "The Philosopher Thief" (Darrell Schweitzer)
* "The Sorcerer’s Satchel" (Gary Myers)
* "An Unfamiliar Familiar" (Adrian Cole)
* "The Summoning of a Genie in Error" (Adrian Cole)
* "The Sad but Instructive Fable of Mangroth’s Tomes" (Charles Garofalo)
* "How Frindolf Got his Fill of Revenge" (Charles Garofalo)
* "The Devil’s Mine" (Robert M. Price)
* "The Good Simranatan" (Robert M. Price)
* "How Thongor Conquered Zaremm" (Robert M. Price)

* "The River" (Lord Dunsany) (from *The Gods of Pegāna*, 1905)
* "The Fortress Unvanquishable, Save for Sacnoth" (Lord Dunsany) (from *The Sword of Welleran and Other Stories*, 1908)
* "The Sword of Welleran" (Lord Dunsany) (from *The Sword of Welleran and Other Stories*, 1908)
* "Carcassonne" (Lord Dunsany) (from *A Dreamer's Tales*, 1910)
* "How Nuth Would Have Practiced His Art Upon the Gnoles" (Lord Dunsany) (from *The Sketch*, Feb. 15, 1911)
* "The Distressing Tale of Thangobrind the Jeweller, and of the Doom That Befell Him" (Lord Dunsany) (from *The Sketch*, Jan. 11, 1911)
* "In Zaccarath" (Lord Dunsany) (from *Saturday Review*, Aug. 14, 1909)
* "How the Enemy Came to Thlunrana" (Lord Dunsany) (from *Saturday Review*, Dec. 31, 1910)
* "The Jest of Droom Avista" (Henry Kuttner) (from *Weird Tales*, August 1937)

## InfoBox

Lin Carter's Simrana Cycle
| Cover of first edition | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Lin Carter |
| Illustrator | Roy G. Krenkel |
| Cover artist | Stephen Hickman |
| Language | English |
| Genre | Fantasy |
| Publisher | Celaeno Press |
| Publication date | 2018 |
| Publication place | United States |
| Media type | Print (hardcover, paperback), ebook |
| Pages | 252 |
| ISBN | 978-4-902075-98-4 |
| OCLC | 1023541135 |


title: Markus Wüst

abstract: Markus Wüst is a former Swiss nordic combined skier who competed from 1990 to 1995. He won a bronze medal in the 4 x 5 km team event at the 1995 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in Thunder Bay, Ontario. Wüst's earned two individual career victories, both in the 15 km event in 1993 and 1995.

text:
# Markus Wüst

**Markus Wüst** (born 26 December 1971) is a former Swiss nordic combined skier who competed from 1990 to 1995. He won a bronze medal in the 4 x 5 km team event at the 1995 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in Thunder Bay, Ontario.

Wüst's earned two individual career victories, both in the 15 km event in 1993 and 1995.

## InfoBox

Markus Wüst
| Medal record | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Men's nordic combined | | |
| World Championships | | |
|  | 1995 Thunder Bay | 4 x 5 km team |


title: Trideca

abstract: Trideca is an Australian-based digital agency specializing in mobile application development for iOS, Android and Windows platforms founded. Trideca has built over 600 apps for a number of companies such as Telstra, NAB, and ANZ.

text:
# Trideca

**Trideca** (formerly **Appscore**) is an Australian-based digital agency specializing in mobile application development for iOS, Android and Windows platforms founded. Trideca has built over 600 apps for a number of companies such as Telstra, NAB, and ANZ.

## History

Trideca was founded by Nick Bell and Alex Louey in 2010. The basis for establishing the company was to cater for Australia's growing demand for custom mobile solutions. During the first three years of business, Louey didn't take a salary; instead choosing to pour all profit made back into the company. In May 2016, Trideca and WME expanded their workforce in Melbourne as a centre for technology and innovation.

Trideca has more than 100 employees and currently brings in an annual turnover of $15 million, with projections that figure will increase to $25 million for 2017.

The company is driven by Alex Louey. Trideca partnership with Telstra in 2014. Company also works with global names such as Nestle, Mercedes-Benz, Apple Inc., Samsung, Microsoft and BP.

## Awards

* Winner of the Gold Stevie Award 2016 in the ‘Innovation in Business Utility App’ Category

## InfoBox

Trideca
| Formerly | Appscore |
| --- | --- |
| Company type | Proprietary limited company |
| Industry | Technology |
| Founded | 2010 |
| Founder | Nick Bell and Alex Louey |
| Headquarters | Melbourne, Australia |
| Number of employees | 100+ (2016) |
| Website | trideca.com.au |


title: Miss Heritage South Africa

abstract: Miss Heritage South Africa is an Annual South African beauty pageant which was founded in 2014 that promotes South African Heritage. The winner of the pageant represents her country at the Miss Heritage pageant.

text:
# Miss Heritage South Africa

**Miss Heritage South Africa** is an Annual South African beauty pageant which was founded in 2014 that promotes South African Heritage. The winner of the pageant represents her country at the Miss Heritage pageant.

## InfoBox

Miss Heritage South Africa
| Formation | 2014 |
| --- | --- |
| Type | Beauty Pageant |
| Headquarters | Bloemfontein |
| Location |  |
| Membership | Miss Heritage |
| Official language | English |
| Website | Official website |


title: Ranimustine

abstract: Ranimustine is a nitrosourea alkylating agent approved in Japan for the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and polycythemia vera. It has never been filed for FDA evaluation in the United States, where it is not marketed.

text:
# Ranimustine

**Ranimustine** (INN, marketed under the tradename Cymerin; also known as MCNU) is a nitrosourea alkylating agent approved in Japan for the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and polycythemia vera.

It has never been filed for FDA evaluation in the United States, where it is not marketed.

## Synthesis

Ranimustine is made by reacting the primary amine of a pyranose sugar (2) with *o*-nitrophenyl N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosocarbamate (1) to form the nitrosourea group.

## InfoBox

Ranimustine
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Clinical data | |
| Trade names | Cymerin |
| Other names | 1-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitroso-3-(\[(2*R*,3*S*,4*S*,5*R*,6*S*)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methoxyoxan-2-yl\]methyl)urea |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | International Drug Names |
| Routes of
administration | IV |
| ATC code |  |
| Legal status | |
| Legal status | * In general: ℞ (Prescription only) |
| Identifiers | |
| IUPAC name * Methyl 6-({\[(2-chloroethyl)(nitroso)amino\]carbonyl}amino)-6-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranoside | |
| CAS Number |  |
| PubChem CID |  |
| ChemSpider |  |
| UNII |  |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |  |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C10H18ClN3O7 |
| Molar mass | 327.72 g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| SMILES * CO\[C@@H\]1\[C@@H\](\[C@H\](\[C@@H\](\[C@H\](O1)CNC(=O)N(CCCl)N=O)O)O)O | |
| InChI * InChI=1S/C10H18ClN3O7/c1-20-9-8(17)7(16)6(15)5(21-9)4-12-10(18)14(13-19)3-2-11/h5-9,15-17H,2-4H2,1H3,(H,12,18)/t5-,6-,7+,8-,9+/m1/s1 * Key:AHHFEZNOXOZZQA-ZEBDFXRSSA-N | |
| (verify) | |


title: Raimondo Capizucchi

abstract: Raimondo Capizucchi was a Roman nobleman, Dominican friar, appointed a cardinal by Pope Innocent XI.

text:
# Raimondo Capizucchi

**Raimondo Capizucchi** (born as **Camillo Biagio**; 7 November 1616 – 20 April 1691) was a Roman nobleman, Dominican friar, appointed a cardinal by Pope Innocent XI.

## Biography

Camillo Biagio Capizucchi (or Cappisucchi) was born in Rome in 1616. Being one of the nine children (three boys and six girls, all of the latter becoming nuns) of marquess Paolo Capizucchi and Ortensia Marescotti, he was a scion of the noble Capizucchi family, one of the oldest families of the Roman nobility. After starting his studies at the Collegio Romano, on 8 June 1630 he entered the Dominican Order in the convent of Santa Maria sopra Minerva, changing his first name in Raimondo when he was ordained priest. One year later he took the vows.

In 1644 he became doctor of Theology, and was nominated coadjutor of Vincenzo Candido, Master of the Sacred Apostolic Palace (that is, leading Theologian of the Holy See) and prior of his monastery.

As a student, he was chosen to hold the yearly panegyric (*Encomium of St. Thomas Aquinas*) in front of the College of Cardinals in the Church of Santa Maria sopra Minerva, a very old tradition of Angelicum University which still takes place each 7 March, the old feast of the Saint.

Under the pontificates of Alexander VII (r. 165567) and Clement IX (r. 166769), he held various positions in the Roman Curia: in 1650 he was appointed secretary of the Sacred Congregation of the Index, in December 1651 he became examiner of the candidate bishops, and from November 1654, after the death of Candido, he was Master of the Sacred Apostolic Palace.

In 1663 Capizucchi was sacked from the latter position by Alexander VII, because he had allowed a publication critical of the pope. Afterwards, he secluded himself for the next 10 years in his monastery, writing books on theological issues, until in 1673 he was reinstated in his former position with a papal bull by pope Clement X (r. 1670–76). The same pope appointed him member with voting rights of the Congregations of the Holy Office, of the Rites, of the Indulgences, of the Index and for bishops.

As leading theologian of the church, in those years Capizucchi exercised a deep influence over Catholic theological positions, for example allowing the publication of the *Exposition de la doctrine de l'église catholique sur les matières de controverse* by Bossuet. Following the position of pope Innocent XI (r. 1676–89) he condemned probabilism, but at first he was fascinated by quietism as preached in Rome by the Spanish mystic Miguel de Molinos: in 1675 Capizucchi approved the publishing of de Molinos main work, the *Spiritual Guide* but, after his arrest in 1685, as cardinal Inquisitor he stuck to the harsh line of the pope against this doctrine and the Aragonese preacher, who died in 1696 in the prison of the Holy Office.

Pope Innocent XI elevated him to the rank of cardinal in the consistory of 1 September 1681 with the title of cardinal priest of Santo Stefano al Monte Celio; six years later he opted for the title of Santa Maria degli Angeli.

Capizucchi participated in the conclave of 1689 and was among those considered eligible candidates. He did not participate in the conclave of 1691, because he was already seriously ill. He died on 20 April 1691 at the age of 75, before the end of the conclave.

## Works and patronage

The panegyric on Saint Thomas Aquinas given by Capizucchi in front of the convened Cardinals in Santa Maria sopra Minerva (*Oratio panegyrica in laudem Sancti Thomae Aquinatis*) is his earliest surviving work.

As a theologian, his major work, dedicated to Cardinal Leopoldo de' Medici, is *Controversiae theologicae selectae, scholasticae, morales, dogmaticae, scripturales, ad mentem D. Thomae Aquinatis ... resolutae*, first published in 1670. This is a *miscellanea* of 28 theological problems, solved according to the philosophy of Thomas Aquinas. Among others, Capizucchi wrote a treatise about probabilism, *De opinione probabili*, and a history of his family, *Historia della famiglia Capizucchi*.

As a patron of the arts, in 1685 Cardinal Capizucchi commissioned the decoration by Mattia de Rossi of the chapel of San Paolo in the church of Santa Maria in Campitelli, *giuspatronato* of his family since 1390, where he was buried.

## Sources

* Nitti, Silvana (1975). "Capizucchi, Raimondo". *www.treccani.it* (in Italian). Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
* "Capizucchi". *www.fiu.edu*. The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. Retrieved 26 November 2015.

## InfoBox

| His Eminence
Raimondo Capizucchi
O.P. | |
| --- | --- |
| Cardinal-Priest of Santo Stefano al Monte Celio (1681-87)
Santa Maria degli Angeli (1687-91) | |
|  | |
| Orders | |
| Ordination | 1631 |
| Created cardinal | 1 September 1681
by Pope Innocent XI |
| Rank | Cardinal-Priest |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Camillo Biagio
7 November 1616
Rome |
| Died | 20 April 1691(1691-04-20) (aged 74)
Rome |
| Buried | Capizucchi Chapel, Santa Maria in Campitelli, Rome |
| Nationality | Italian |
| Denomination | Roman Catholic |
| Parents | Paolo Capizucchi; Ortensia Marescotti |


title: Maestrale-class destroyer

abstract: The Maestrale class were a group of destroyers built for the Regia Marina and served in World War II. They formed the basis for subsequent Italian destroyer designs; the Oriani and Soldati classes.

text:
# Maestrale-class destroyer

The ***Maestrale* class** were a group of destroyers built for the *Regia Marina* (Royal Italian Navy) and served in World War II. They formed the basis for subsequent Italian destroyer designs; the *Oriani* and Soldati classes.

## Design and description

The *Maestrale*-class destroyers were a completely new design intended to rectify the stability problems of the preceding *Folgore* class. They had a length between perpendiculars of 101.6 meters (333 ft 4 in) and an overall length of 106.7 meters (350 ft 1 in). The ships had a beam of 10.15 meters (33 ft 4 in) and a mean draft of 3.31 meters (10 ft 10 in) and 4.3 meters (14 ft 1 in) at deep load. They displaced 1,640 metric tons (1,610 long tons) at normal load, and 2,243 metric tons (2,208 long tons) at deep load. Their complement during wartime was 190 officers and enlisted men.

The *Maestrale*s were powered by two Parsons geared steam turbines, each driving one propeller shaft using steam supplied by a trio of three-drum boilers. The turbines were designed to produce 44,000 shaft horsepower (33,000 kW) and a speed of 32–33 knots (59–61 km/h; 37–38 mph) in service, although they reached speeds of 38–39 knots (70–72 km/h; 44–45 mph) during their sea trials while lightly loaded. The ships carried enough fuel oil to give them a range of 2,600–2,800 nautical miles (4,800–5,200 km; 3,000–3,200 mi) at a speed of 18 knots (33 km/h; 21 mph) and 690 nmi (1,280 km; 790 mi) at a speed of 33 knots (61 km/h; 38 mph).

Their main battery consisted of four 50-caliber 120-millimeter (4.7 in) guns in two twin-gun turrets, one each fore and aft of the superstructure. Amidships were a pair of 15-caliber 120-millimeter star shell guns. Anti-aircraft (AA) defense for the *Maestrale*-class ships was provided by four 13.2-millimeter (0.52 in) machine guns. They were equipped with six 533-millimeter (21 in) torpedo tubes in two triple mounts amidships. Although the ships were not provided with a sonar system for anti-submarine work, they were fitted with a pair of depth charge throwers. The *Maestrale*s could carry 56 mines.

## Ships

Built by CT Riva Trigoso, completed 2 September 1934. Damaged by a mine on 9 January 1943, she was scuttled on 9 September 1943 during the Italian Armistice while being repaired in Genoa. Built by CNR Ancona, completed 15 November 1934. She survived the war and served in the Marina Militare until 1964. Built by CNR Ancona, Laid down 29 Sep 1931 Launched 4 July 1934 completed 23 November 1934. She was sunk on 9 November 1941 by the British submarine *Upholder*. Built by CT Riva Trigoso, Completed 21 October 1934. Sunk in a storm following the Second Battle of Sirte on 23 March 1942, with only two survivors among the 236-strong crew.

## Bibliography

* Brescia, Maurizio (2012). *Mussolini's Navy: A Reference Guide to the Regina Marina 1930–45*. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-1-59114-544-8.
* Campbell, John (1985). *Naval Weapons of World War Two*. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-459-4.
* Fraccaroli, Aldo (1968). *Italian Warships of World War II*. Shepperton, UK: Ian Allan. ISBN 0-7110-0002-6.
* Roberts, John (1980). "Italy". In Chesneau, Roger (ed.). *Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946*. New York: Mayflower Books. pp. 280–317. ISBN 0-8317-0303-2.
* Rohwer, Jürgen (2005). *Chronology of the War at Sea 1939–1945: The Naval History of World War Two* (Third Revised ed.). Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-59114-119-2.
* Smigielski, Adam (1995). "Italy". In Chumbley, Stephen (ed.). *Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1947-1995*. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. pp. 195–218. ISBN 1-55750-132-7.
* Whitley, M. J. (1988). *Destroyers of World War 2: An International Encyclopedia*. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-85409-521-8.

## InfoBox

| *Scirocco* at anchor | |
| --- | --- |
| Class overview | |
| Name | *Maestrale* class |
| Operators |  |
| Preceded by | *Folgore* class |
| Succeeded by | *Oriani* class |
| Built | 19311934 |
| In commission | 19341965 |
| Completed | 4 |
| Lost | 3 |
| Scrapped | 1 |
| General characteristics (as built) | |
| Type | Destroyer |
| Displacement |  |
| Length | 106.7 m (350 ft 1 in) |
| Beam | 10.15 m (33 ft 4 in) |
| Draught | 3.31–4.3 m (10 ft 10 in – 14 ft 1 in) |
| Installed power |  |
| Propulsion | 2 shafts; 2 geared steam turbines |
| Speed | 32–33 knots (59–61 km/h; 37–38 mph) |
| Range | 2,600–2,800 nmi (4,800–5,200 km; 3,000–3,200 mi) at 18 knots (33 km/h; 21 mph) |
| Complement | 7 officers and 166 men |
| Armament |  |


title: Frances Little

abstract: Frances Little was the pseudonym of American author Fannie Caldwell. Her first and most successful book, The Lady of the Decoration, was based on her experiences in Hiroshima, Japan, from 1902 to 1907.

text:
# Frances Little

**Frances Little** (November 22, 1863 – January 6, 1941) was the pseudonym of American author **Fannie Caldwell**. Her first and most successful book, *The Lady of the Decoration*, was based on her experiences in Hiroshima, Japan, from 1902 to 1907.

## Life

Fannie Caldwell was born in Shelbyville, Kentucky to Judge James Lafayette and Mary Lettia (Middleton) Caldwell on November 22, 1863. Fannie received an education from Science Hill Academy. Fannie and her husband, businessman James D. Macaulay, lived on South Fourth Street in Louisville, Kentucky. Before becoming a writer she was a kindergarten teacher in Louisville from 1899 to 1902, but after her divorce she traveled abroad and became the "supervisor of normal classes, kindergartens, at Hiroshima, Japan, from 1902 to 1907."

During her time in Japan, Caldwell wrote letters to her niece, Alice Hegan Rice. Rice decided to turn the letters into a book, after removing any personal details. The resulting book *The Lady of the Decoration* was published in New York City in 1906 and would be Caldwell's most successful work. Rice created the pseudonymous name of Frances Little by reversing Caldwell's nickname "Little Fan." The title was inspired by Caldwell's students, who called her their "Lady of the Decoration" every time that she "pinned on her little enameled watch." The book is set between 1901 and 1905, and is written in the form of letters home to a female friend or sister; it's not made clear. The main character is a young missionary kindergarten teacher in Hiroshima, Japan before and during the Russo-Japanese War. She travels to Vladivostok, Russia just before the outbreak of the Russo-Japanese War and makes a number of critical observations. At the beginning of the 20th century, most Americans knew very little of Japan, and Caldwell's novel presented a view of Japanese life that captured the imagination of the reading public, who made it the number 1 bestselling novel in the United States for 1907. Caldwell rode the wave of American interest and support for Japan in the Russo-Japanese War, and supported the Japanese cause throughout.

Caldwell eventually returned to Kentucky, where she lectured on Japan and continued to write books after the success of *The Lady of the Decoration.*

On January 6, 1941, Fannie died due to influenza at the Jewish Hospital in Louisville, Kentucky. She was buried in Cave Hill Cemetery in Louisville.

In December 2005, Project Gutenberg published the short story "Mr. Bamboo and the Honorable Little God, A Christmas Story" under Caldwell's married name of Fannie C. Macaulay.

## Bibliography

* *The Lady of the Decoration* (1906)
* *Little Sister Snow* (1909)
* *The Lady and Sada San* (1912)
* *Camp Jolly* (1917)
* *House of the Misty Star* (1915)
* *Jack and I in Lotus Land* (1922)
* *Early American textiles* (1931)

## InfoBox

| Frances Little | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Fannie Caldwell
(1863-11-22)November 22, 1863
Shelbyville, Kentucky, U.S. |
| Died | January 6, 1941(1941-01-06) (aged 77)
Louisville, Kentucky, U.S. |
| Resting place | Cave Hill Cemetery
Louisville, Kentucky, U.S. |
| Occupation | Writer |


title: USA-266

abstract: USA-266, also known as GPS IIF-12, GPS SVN-70 and NAVSTAR 76, is an American navigation satellite which forms part of the Global Positioning System. It was the twelfth of twelve Block IIF satellites to be launched.

text:
# USA-266

**USA-266**, also known as **GPS IIF-12**, **GPS SVN-70** and **NAVSTAR 76**, is an American navigation satellite which forms part of the Global Positioning System. It was the twelfth of twelve Block IIF satellites to be launched.

## Launch

Built by Boeing and launched by United Launch Alliance (ULA), USA-266 was launched at 13:38 UTC on 5 February 2016, atop an Atlas V 401 launch vehicle, vehicle number AV-057. The launch took place from Space Launch Complex 41 at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, and placed USA-266 directly into semi-synchronous orbit.

## Orbit

As of March 2016, USA-266 was in an orbit with a perigee of 20,181 km (12,540 mi), an apogee of 20,196 km (12,549 mi), a period of 717.9 minutes, and 55.01° of inclination to the equator. It is used to broadcast the PRN 32 signal, and operates in slot 5 of plane F of the GPS constellation. The satellite has a design life of 12 years and a mass of 1,630 kg (3,590 lb). It is currently in service following commissioning on 9 March 2016.

## InfoBox

USA-266
| A Block IIF GPS satellite | |
| --- | --- |
| Names | GPS IIF-12
GPS SVN-70
NAVSTAR 76 |
|  | |
| Mission type | Navigation |
| Operator | US Air Force |
| COSPAR ID | 2016-007A |
| SATCAT no. | 41328 |
| Mission duration | 12 years (planned) |
|  | |
|  | |
| Spacecraft properties | |
| Spacecraft | GPS SVN-70 (IIF-12) |
| Spacecraft type | GPS Block IIF |
| Manufacturer | Boeing |
| Launch mass | 1,630 kg (3,590 lb) |
|  | |
|  | |
| Start of mission | |
| Launch date | 5 February 2016, 13:38 UTC |
| Rocket | Atlas V 401 (AV-057) |
| Launch site | CCAFS, SLC-41 |
| Contractor | ULA |
| Entered service | 9 March 2016 |
|  | |
|  | |
| Orbital parameters | |
| Reference system | Geocentric orbit |
| Regime | Medium Earth orbit
(Semi-synchronous) |
| Perigee altitude | 20,196 km (12,549 mi) |
| Apogee altitude | 20,181 km (12,540 mi) |
| Inclination | 55.01° |
| Period | 717.9 minutes |
|  | |
|  | |


title: William S. Rukeyser

abstract: William S. Rukeyser was an American journalist who was the founding managing editor of Money magazine and managing editor of Fortune.

text:
# William S. Rukeyser

**William S. Rukeyser** (June 8, 1939 – August 16, 2022) was an American journalist who was the founding managing editor of *Money* magazine and managing editor of *Fortune*.

## Biography

From its founding in 1998 until 2009 Rukeyser was editorial director of *Corporate Board Member* magazine, aimed at the directors of public companies. He also has appeared on television as a financial commentator on CNN Financial News and ABC.

He was the son of the late financial journalist Merryle S. Rukeyser and the younger brother of the late financial journalist and commentator Louis Rukeyser of *Wall Street Week* fame.

Rukeyser attended Princeton University, graduating with an A.B. degree in 1961. He also studied English literature as a graduate student at Christ's College, Cambridge University.

After four years as a *Wall Street Journal* reporter in Europe, he started work at Time Inc. in 1967 as an associate editor of *Fortune*. In 1968, he signed the "Writers and Editors War Tax Protest" pledge, vowing to refuse tax payments in protest against the Vietnam War. When *Money* was founded in 1972 he became its managing editor, and continued in that position for eight years before returning to *Fortune* as its managing editor. In 1988 he left Time Inc., to become editor in chief for Whittle Communications in Knoxville, Tennessee. In 1998 he became editorial director of the new magazine *Corporate Board Member*, aimed at the directors of public companies. He continued in that role until 2009, after which he continued to devote his time to freelance editing and editorial consulting on projects such as *The Partnership: The Making of Goldman Sachs* by Charles D. Ellis (Penguin Press, 2008).

Rukeyser and his wife, Elisabeth, were residents of Knoxville, Tennessee, where he was chairman of University Health System Inc. and the Knoxville Jazz Orchestra. He is also a director of the Overseas Press Club Foundation and a member of the advisory board of the Princeton University Press Club.

Rukeyser died of lung cancer on August 16, 2022. He was 83.


title: Lindsay Green (footballer)

abstract: Lindsay Green was an Australian rules footballer who played with South Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

text:
# Lindsay Green (footballer)

**Lindsay Green** (21 February 1930 – 12 December 1998) was an Australian rules footballer who played with South Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

## InfoBox

| Lindsay Green | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | Lindsay Green | | |
| Date of birth | (1930-02-21)21 February 1930 | | |
| Date of death | 12 December 1998(1998-12-12) (aged 68) | | |
| Original team(s) | Preston | | |
| Height | 179 cm (5 ft 10 in) | | |
| Weight | 80 kg (176 lb) | | |
| Playing career1 | | | |
| Years | **Club** | **Games (Goals)** |
| 1952, 1954 | South Melbourne | 4 (1) |
| 1 Playing statistics correct to the end of 1954. | | | |
| Sources: AFL Tables, AustralianFootball.com | | | |


title: Mark Levinson (film director)

abstract: Mark A. Levinson is an American film director. He directed the 2013 documentary Particle Fever and the 2019 documentary The Bit Player.

text:
# Mark Levinson (film director)

**Mark A. Levinson** is an American film director. He directed the 2013 documentary *Particle Fever* and the 2019 documentary *The Bit Player*.

## Early life

Levinson earned a Bachelor of Science degree at Brown University. He received a Ph.D. in physics in 1983 at the University of California, Berkeley. Thereafter, he moved into a career in film and television.

## Career

Serving as director of *Particle Fever*, Levinson told the story of the experimental discovery of the Higgs boson. The film covers the scientific process and the scientists behind the research. He wanted to show science in a realistic and appealing way. In 2007, he met with future co-producer David Kaplan, who had been toying with the idea for a science documentary on the Large Hadron Collider.

He served in various sound production roles, including ADR supervisor in various films and television shows, with 39 credits from 1988 to 2013, including *Se7en*, *The English Patient*, *The Talented Mr. Ripley*, *Cold Mountain* and *House of Cards*.

He is the writer/producer/director of the fiction film *Prisoner of Time*, which examined the lives of former Russian dissident artists after the collapse of the Soviet Union. The film was acclaimed during its premiere at the Moscow International Film Festival.

In 2016, Levinson was working on a film adaptation of Richard Powers' novel *The Gold Bug Variations*.

In 2016 he was awarded the inaugural Stephen Hawking Medal for Science Communication for *Particle Fever*.

In 2019, in partnership with the IEEE Information Theory Society, he completed a documentary *The Bit Player* about Claude Shannon, "The Father of Information Theory."

In 2020 he was awarded the inaugural NEST Robert E. Sievers Leonardo da Vinci Award for work at the intersection of art and science

## InfoBox

| Mark Levinson | |
| --- | --- |
| Alma mater | Brown University<br>University of California, Berkeley |
| Known for | *Particle Fever* |


title: Trichosirocalus

abstract: Trichosirocalus is a genus of true weevils, native to the Old World, placed alternatively in the subfamily Ceutorhynchinae or in the tribe Ceutorhynchini of the subfamily Baridinae.

text:
# Trichosirocalus

***Trichosirocalus*** is a genus of true weevils, native to the Old World, placed alternatively in the subfamily Ceutorhynchinae or in the tribe Ceutorhynchini of the subfamily Baridinae.

## Partial species list

## InfoBox

| *Trichosirocalus* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Curculionidae |
| Subfamily: | Ceutorhynchinae |
| Tribe: | Ceutorhynchini |
| Genus: | *Trichosirocalus*<br>Colonnelli, 1973 |
|


title: Rampart (video game)

abstract: Rampart is a 1990 video game released by Atari Games and Midway Games that combines the shoot 'em up, strategy, and puzzle genres. It debuted as an arcade game with trackball controls, and was ported to home systems. It had a limited US release in October 1990, and a wide release in early 1991. It was distributed in Japan by Namco. Rampart is considered a precursor to the tower defense genre of the following decade.

text:
# Rampart (video game)

***Rampart*** is a 1990 video game released by Atari Games and Midway Games that combines the shoot 'em up, strategy, and puzzle genres. It debuted as an arcade game with trackball controls, and was ported to home systems. It had a limited US release in October 1990, and a wide release in early 1991. It was distributed in Japan by Namco.

*Rampart* is considered a precursor to the tower defense genre of the following decade.

## Gameplay

The player controls and defends a territory consisting of a wall surrounding a set of castles and cannons. Gameplay alternates between two time-limited phases, combat and building. In the building phase, the player attempts to repair the damage from combat and expand their territory. In the combat phase, they attempt to damage the enemy with their cannons. In single-player games, the player fights against a fleet of attacking ships, in multi-player games, the players fight each other with rivers separating the sides.

The game opens with an automated building phase in which the computer builds a wall around one castle. The ownership of a castle grants the player control over a number of cannons, and after building the wall the game enters a phase in which the user places the cannons within their controlled territory.

When the building phase ends, combat begins. In single-player mode, the player is attacked by a number of ships that approach the player's territory while firing cannons at their walls. The player responds by firing their cannons at the moving ships; the relatively slow speed of the cannonballs requires the player to "lead" their targets. In multi-player mode, the players shoot at each other's walls. The goal of the attacker in both cases is to make holes in the walls. Combat ends when the user sinks a certain number of ships, or in two-player, after a set time.

When combat ends, the player loses control of any area that is no longer fully surrounded by their wall, along with any cannons in that area. A user-controlled building phase then begins. Shapes like those from Tetris appear and the player moves and rotates them with the goal of placing them so that they close gaps in the existing wall or extend the wall around additional castles.

When the tile placement phase time ends, any castle or cannon that is completely enclosed by a continual wall is added to the player's territory. Afterwards, the cycle repeats with cannon placement again. Each surrounded castle awards the player with one cannon during each arming phase (the home castle grants two) but only if there is space.

Because the damage caused during the combat phase is normally spread out, repairing it can be difficult. The blocks are generally larger than the gaps (although one-unit blocks do appear sometimes) and filling the gaps often requires a large block to fill a small gap. The leftover extra bits of the block become barriers to the placement of future blocks, making it increasingly difficult to fix the damage as the larger blocks may not fit into the block-free area.

The player loses when they fail to have at least one surrounded castle after the tile placement phase. In single-player games, there is a fixed set of six levels, and in two player modes if both players survive the one with the higher score is declared the winner. If the player defeats the opponent, the player can execute the commander, by walking the plank or beheading. Cannons can be destroyed, bonus squares give extra points when captured, and when there are no grunts or craters.

## Ports

*Rampart* has been ported to the Super NES, Master System, Mega Drive/Genesis, Atari Lynx, MS-DOS, Macintosh, Commodore 64, Amiga, and Atari ST. Separate versions were made for Game Boy, Game Boy Color, NES, and Famicom. The NES, Super NES, and MS-DOS versions were all done by Bitmasters, and the NES version was planned for publication by Tengen (without a Nintendo license), but was switched to Jaleco (which was granted a Nintendo license), and the Super NES and MS-DOS versions were published by Electronic Arts. Most of the home versions have updated features. The Japanese Famicom version, which was released by Konami, includes 7 training levels, 3 difficulty settings, and an extensive two-player mode. The Famicom port was given an unofficial English translation in May 2017.

In the Super NES and MS-DOS versions, the cannons gained can also be converted into powerups.

The arcade version is part of the *Midway Arcade Treasures* compilation for the GameCube, PlayStation 2, Xbox, and PlayStation Portable, and of the *Midway Arcade Origins* compilation for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360. It is bundled in a dual pack with *Gauntlet* for the Game Boy Advance. A PlayStation 3 version with Internet multiplayer mode was released on the PlayStation Network on May 10, 2007.

## Reception

In Japan, *Game Machine* listed *Rampart* in the June 1, 1991, issue as the seventh most-successful table arcade unit of the month.

Julian Rignall of *Computer and Video Games* reviewed the arcade game, giving it a 93% score.

*MegaTech* gave the Mega Drive version 90% and a Hyper Game Award, saying that it was a "superb blend of different game styles". *Console XS* reviewed the Master System version, giving it an 81% score. *Nintendo Power* placed it the fourth best Game Boy Game of 1993.

## Legacy

*Rampart* influenced the first tower defense games around a decade later. Gameplay similarities include defending a territory by erecting defensive structures, and making repairs between multiple rounds of attacks.

## InfoBox

| Rampart | |
| --- | --- |
| Arcade flyer | |
| Developer(s) | Atari Games |
| Publisher(s) |  |
| Designer(s) | John Salwitz
Dave Ralston |
| Programmer(s) | John Salwitz (main programmer)
Peter Lipson
Mike Albaugh
Russell Dawe
Ed Rotberg (assistant programmers) |
| Artist(s) | Dave Ralston (lead artist)
Sam Comstock
Sean Murphy
Will Noble
Nicholas Stern (assistant artist) |
| Composer(s) | Don Diekneite
Brad Fuller |
| Platform(s) | Arcade, Various |
| Release |  |
| Genre(s) | Strategy/Puzzle |
| Mode(s) | 1-3 players simultaneously |


title: Ram Air Progression System

abstract: RAPS or Ram Air Progression System is a parachuting training system designed to take a student from beginner to the FAI A License using square ram air canopies.

text:
# Ram Air Progression System

**RAPS** or **Ram Air Progression System** is a parachuting training system designed to take a student from beginner to the FAI A License (or Category 8) using square ram air canopies.

## System

The RAPS system was developed from the Static Line Rounds system. It enabled a student to make their first jumps on a ram-air parachute, which offers softer landings and more control. RAPS evolved into the category system, which allows students to use ram-air canopies from their first jump. In the early jumps the parachute is deployed automatically using a static line; after proving basic proficiency the student progresses onto freefall, opening their own parachute by means of a ripcord and spring-loaded pilot chute. The static line method is used in many countries, and although it varies it is, in general, based upon the following structure.

* Static line
    + Basic jumps – to prove the student's ability to safely exit the aircraft, then fly and land a canopy. The student must be able to go into the stable arched position out of the aircraft before being progressed to dummy ripcord pulls.
    + Dummy ripcord pulls (DPs) – the student demonstrates the ability to pull a dummy ripcord while still using the static line to actually deploy the canopy. Generally the student must perform three satisfactory DPs in sequence to be allowed to progress onto freefall. A successful DP is counted as one in which the student not only manages to pull the handle, but also manages to keep an arched position facing in the same direction as when they jumped.
* Freefall
    + Early freefall – to prove the student can successfully deploy a canopy in freefall (usually 3 to 5 seconds). In most systems the student must perform a 3-second freefall as their first jump, followed by a 5-second freefall. Assuming the student can remain stable enough for a successful deployment of the main parachute they will be progressed onto ten-second delays.
    + 10-second delays – the student will jump and wait for 10 seconds before deploying their main parachute. This jump will be the first time a student experiences the full transition from falling vertically to falling "belly-to-earth". Typically a student must perform two stable delays of 10 seconds before progressing.
    + 15/20-second delays – gradually increasing freefall time (10 to 20 seconds) so the student can demonstrate stability for longer periods. It is at this stage that the student will first reach terminal velocity. Usually on the second 15-second delay the student will be given a hand-mounted altimeter for the first time, and will pull either after 15 seconds or earlier if they fall to a determined height. The 20-second delay will almost always be performed with an altimeter, and the student will generally pull based on the reading of the altimeter rather than their own count at this stage.
    + Freefall skills – the student will be jumping from the full height that their dropzone allows, usually experiencing up to a minute of freefall. At this point each jump will involve the learning and practicing of a new maneuver, which are listed below.
        - Turns – the student learns to rotate on the spot whilst falling
        - Tracking – the student learns to move through the air horizontally
        - Dive exit – the student learns to dive from the plane into the stable position - after this jump they will no longer exit in the standard student position (sitting or standing on a step)
        - Unstable exit – the student will be made to exit the aircraft unstable and hold this position for a short time, after which they will demonstrate the ability to go stable before deploying their parachute
        - Backloop – the student learns to do what is basically a backflip whilst falling
        - Track turns – the student learns to turn as they track in a specific direction
    + Final qualifying jump – The student has to perform one final qualifying jump to demonstrate that they have learnt all the skills from previous jumps. This must begin with a dive exit, contain two 360-degree turns, a backloop and a demonstration of tracking. After this the student is progressed to Category 8, and can attain their A licence once they have completed the Canopy Handling 1 qualification.


title: USS Richard S. Bull

abstract: USS Richard S. Bull (DE-402) was a John C. Butler-class destroyer escort in service with the United States Navy from 1944 to 1946. She was finally sunk as a target in 1969.

text:
# USS Richard S. Bull

**USS *Richard S. Bull* (DE-402)** was a *John C. Butler*-class destroyer escort in service with the United States Navy from 1944 to 1946. She was finally sunk as a target in 1969.

## Namesake

Richard Salisbury Bull Jr. was born on 6 January 1913 in Wilkinsburg, Pennsylvania. Graduating from the United States Naval Academy, he was commissioned ensign on 4 June 1936. Trained as a naval aviator in 1938–39 at Naval Air Station Pensacola, Florida, he served in the fleet in 1941. He became a naval observer assigned to the American Embassy in London, England.

Reporting for duty as a fighter pilot on board USS *Lexington* on 27 December 1941, he missed out on the early raids against the Japanese as his squadron VF-2 was converting from Brewster F2A Buffalos to Grumman F4F Wildcats (their place being taken by the Grumman-equipped VF-3). In the Battle of the Coral Sea on 8 May 1942, he led the escort section assigned to *Lexington's* Air Group Commander, Cdr. William B. Ault. After Ault and his men had dive-bombed the carrier *Shōkaku*, scoring one hit, Bull and his wingman, Ens. John B. Bain, were attacked by Zero fighters. Bain managed to fight his way out, but Bull was never seen again. He was posthumously awarded earned the Distinguished Flying Cross.

## History

The ship's keel was laid down on 18 August 1943 by Brown Shipbuilding Co. at their yard in Houston, Texas. The vessel was launched on 16 November 1943, sponsored by Mrs. Richard S. Bull Sr., and commissioned on 26 February 1944.

### World War II

Following shakedown off Bermuda, *Richard S. Bull* departed Boston, Massachusetts on 6 May 1944, and proceeded via the Panama Canal to Pearl Harbor, arriving on 30 May. Reaching Eniwetok 27 June, she escorted *Long Island* and other escort carriers to Pearl Harbor, arriving on 5 July.

Returning to Eniwetok, she joined a task force including *Sangamon* on 6 August. Arriving at Manus on 13 August, *Williams* supported the landings on Morotai on 15 September. Departing Manus, she protected carrier forces supporting the landings on Leyte on 20 October. The destroyer escort rescued a fighter pilot from the escort carrier *Chenango* on 22 October.

During the Battle off Samar on 25 October, she operated in group "Taffy One," about 130 miles (210 km) south of the main Japanese attack upon "Taffy Three." Following a kamikaze attack upon Taffy One, she rescued 24 men from the escort carrier *Suwanee*. On 29 October *Richard S. Bull* discovered and rescued 139 survivors of the destroyer escort *Eversole*, sunk by Japanese submarine *I-45* off Dinagat Island, Philippine Islands. Nearby, the destroyer escort *Whitehurst* sank *I-45*.

After transferring the *Eversole* survivors to *Bountiful*, at Kossol Roads, Palau Island, she proceeded with escort carriers from Manus to Pearl Harbor, arriving on 19 November. After escorting *Shamrock Bay* to arrival at Manus on 22 December, she departed with *Marcus Island*, and proceeded via Leyte to the landings 9 January 1945 at Lingayen Gulf, Luzon, Philippine Islands. Proceeding via Ulithi and Saipan, she rescued three aviators from *Natoma Bay* on 17 February, and then protected escort carriers supporting the landings on Iwo Jima on 19 February. Departing the Iwo Jima area 10 March, she proceeded via Guam and Ulithi to the Okinawa Gunto.

From 1 April to 16 May, she protected escort carriers supporting assault forces on Okinawa. Returning 2 June from Saipan, she continued to guard carrier air operations against Okinawa. Voyaging with the escort carrier *Sargent Bay* to arrival at Leyte on 23 June, she joined the Philippine Sea Frontier, escorting convoys to Morotai, Hollandia, and Ulithi. She provided medical treatment 30 August to casualties aboard SS *Peter White*, damaged by a mine in the northern Philippines. Following convoy escort duty from Leyte to Ulithi and Okinawa, she departed Leyte on 14 October, and steamed via Eniwetok and Pearl Harbor to San Diego, California, arriving on 6 November.

### Decommissioning

She entered the Pacific Reserve Fleet in March 1946, and remained in the Reserve fleet until struck from the Navy List on 30 June 1968, and sunk as a target off California on 24 June 1969.

## Awards

*Richard S. Bull* received five battle stars for her service in the Pacific War.

*This article incorporates text from the public domain* Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships*. The entry can be found here.*

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| United States | |
| Name | *Richard S. Bull* |
| Laid down | 18 August 1943 |
| Launched | 16 November 1943 |
| Commissioned | 26 February 1944 |
| Decommissioned | March 1946 |
| Stricken | 30 June 1968 |
| Honours and<br>awards | 5 battle stars for World War II |
| Fate | Sunk as target off California, 24 June 1969 |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type |  |
| Displacement | 1,350 long tons (1,372 ) |
| Length | 306 ft (93 m), overall |
| Beam | 36 ft 10 in (11.23 m) |
| Draft | 13 ft 4 in (4.06 m) (max) |
| Propulsion |  |
| Speed | 24 knots (44 km/h; 28 mph) |
| Range | * 6,000 nautical miles at 12 knots * (11,000 km at 22 km/h) |
| Complement | 14 officers, 201 enlisted |
| Armament |  |


title: People v. Newton

abstract: People v. Newton, 8 Cal. App. 3d 359, was a controversial appeal arising from the voluntary manslaughter conviction of Huey P. Newton, the reputed co-founder of the Black Panther Party for Self Defense. The California Court of Appeal reversed Newton's conviction due to prejudicial error stemming from the trial court's failure to instruct the jury as to the possibility of involuntary unconsciousness as a complete defense to the charges. Though Newton's attorney arguably withdrew the defense at trial, the Court nonetheless held that the failure to instruct violated Newton's constitutional right to have the jury determine all material issues based on the evidence. This case stands for the proposition that trial courts have an affirmative duty to instruct juries as to a defense of involuntary unconsciousness where there exists evidence that may support that conclusion.

text:
# People v. Newton

***People v. Newton***, 8 Cal. App. 3d 359 (Ct. App. 1970), was a controversial appeal arising from the voluntary manslaughter conviction of Huey P. Newton, the reputed co-founder of the Black Panther Party for Self Defense. The California Court of Appeal reversed Newton's conviction due to prejudicial error stemming from the trial court's failure to instruct the jury as to the possibility of involuntary unconsciousness as a complete defense to the charges. Though Newton's attorney arguably withdrew the defense at trial, the Court nonetheless held that the failure to instruct violated Newton's constitutional right to have the jury determine all material issues based on the evidence. This case stands for the proposition that trial courts have an affirmative duty to instruct juries as to a defense of involuntary unconsciousness where there exists evidence that may support that conclusion.

## Background of the case

In the early morning hours of October 28, 1967, Officer John Frey of the Oakland Police Department identified and stopped a Black Panther vehicle driven by Huey P. Newton along with an unidentified passenger. Officer Frey conducted the stop on the basis of outstanding warrants issued to a Laverne Williams for parking violations associated with the vehicle. Meanwhile, Officer Frey requested an additional patrol while investigating the apparent discrepancy between the driver's identity and the registration for the vehicle.

Officer Herbert Heanes, upon responding to the request for backup, asked Newton to step outside of the vehicle while Officer Frey informed Newton of his arrest. Officer Heanes testified that he heard a gunshot, which struck his arm, as Officer Frey accompanied Newton to the patrol car. During an ensuing physical altercation between Officer Frey and Newton, Officer Heanes shot Newton in the midsection. Officer Heanes further testified that he heard additional shots fired, though there was some discrepancy as to the order of the gunshots in the altercation. A nearby bus driver, however, witnessed the shooting. The bus driver testified that Newton produced a concealed firearm that "went off," striking Officer Heanes and that Newton also used this firearm to fire several more shots into Officer Frey, who ultimately was pronounced dead on arrival at Merritt Hospital. Newton was later arrested that morning in the emergency room at Kaiser Hospital in Oakland.

At his murder trial, Newton testified in his own defense that Officer Frey hurled racial epithets at him and struck him in the face. Newton further testified that after Officer Frey allegedly brandished his firearm, he experienced a "sensation like . . . boiling hot soup had been spilled on my stomach." Newton testified that after hearing a "volley of shots," he remembered nothing else until he arrived at Kaiser Hospital. Newton "expressly testified that he was 'unconscious or semiconscious' during this interval." In order to corroborate that testimony, the defense called Dr. Bernard Diamond, who stated that Newton's recollection is consistent with a gunshot wound to the abdominal cavity, which is likely to produce a "profound reflex shock reaction" that can lead to a loss of consciousness.

## Procedural posture and disposition

The Superior Court of Alameda County convicted defendant Huey P. Newton of voluntary manslaughter in the fatal shooting of a California police officer. On appeal, the Court of Appeal of California (First District, Fourth Division) reversed the defendant's conviction and ordered a new trial. The Government's petition for hearing by the California Supreme Court was denied on July 29, 1970. Following two subsequent mistrials, the District Attorney declined to pursue a fourth trial, thus dismissing the charges against Newton.

## Majority opinion

With Judge Devine and Judge Christian concurring, Judge Rattigan authored the Majority Opinion in reversing Newton's voluntary manslaughter conviction. The California Court of Appeal found prejudicial error in the trial court's failure to instruct the jury about Newton's potential unconsciousness as a defense to criminal homicide.

While the Majority ultimately held that the trial court erroneously failed to instruct the jury on Newton's potential defense of unconsciousness, the trial record actually showed that the defense's request for the instruction was "withdrawn" upon deliberation in chambers. According to the trial transcript, Newton and his defense attorney both agreed to the trial court's decision to instruct the jury on diminished capacity instead of unconsciousness.

Despite the defense's purported "withdrawal," the Court of Appeal found that the trial judge erred in failing to instruct the jury about unconsciousness as a complete defense. First, the Court found that "a trial court is under a duty to instruct upon diminished capacity, in the absence of a request and upon its own motion, where the evidence so indicates." The Court reasoned that a state of diminished capacity and unconsciousness are matters of degree. The former provides a partial defense to first- or second-degree murder, while the latter is a complete defense to any criminal homicide, including voluntary manslaughter.

Expounding on that reasoning, the Court of Appeal clarified that a state of unconsciousness, under the law, "need not reach the physical dimensions commonly associated with the term (coma, inertia, incapability of locomotion or manual action, and so on); it can exist . . . where the subject physically acts in fact but is not, at the time, conscious of acting." Thus, Newton's testimony coupled with expert testimony regarding "reflex shock reaction" to abdominal gunshot wounds constituted sufficient evidence for at least the possibility of a finding of legal unconsciousness.

Furthermore, the Court held that the trial court's instruction on diminished capacity did not neutralize the error in failing to instruct the jury on unconsciousness. Instead, the Court concluded that "evidence of both states is not antithetical; jury instructions on the effect of both will be required where the evidence supports a finding of either." Thus, the trial court erred in failing to instruct the jury to consider the possibility that Newton was unconscious at the time of the shooting, thereby lacking the requisite mental state—mens rea—to commit any crime at all.

Finally, the Court found the possibility of additional prejudicial error given the trial court's apparent invitation to the defense to choose between a jury instruction on diminished capacity or unconsciousness. However, there was no direct proof a compelled choice since the deliberation over jury instructions occurred in closed chambers. Thus, the Court of Appeal addressed the question of whether Newton voluntarily and intelligently waived his right to the instruction on unconsciousness, thereby foreclosing the complaint of error on appeal. Relying on the California Supreme Court's earlier precedent, the Court of Appeal answered in the negative. Rather, a waiver of the instruction forecloses an appeal on that basis only where defense counsel "expresses a deliberate tactical purpose in suggesting, resisting, or acceding to an instruction" so as to "nullify the trial court's obligation to instruct in the cause." Conversely, defense counsel's neglect or mistake does not bar an appeal where the trial court retained an affirmative duty to instruct the jury on its own motion.

Given the facts, only a theory of unconsciousness would afford Newton a complete defense to criminal homicide consistent with his denial of the shootings altogether. Accordingly, the Court of Appeal failed to discern any "deliberate tactical purpose" in defense counsel's withdrawal of its initial request for the relevant jury instructions. Therefore, the Court of Appeal held that Newton could raise the prejudicial error claim on appeal.

## Controversy

The murder trial of Huey Newton, co-founder and Minister of Defense of the Black Panther Party, was mired in controversy given the extensive pretrial media coverage that purportedly linked Newton to the fatal shooting of Officer Frey. In *Irvin v. Dowd*, the United States Supreme Court concluded that "\[i\]t is not required . . . that the jurors be totally ignorant of the facts and issues involved . . . \[i\]t is sufficient is the juror can lay aside his impression or opinion and render a verdict on the evidence presented in court." Accordingly, Newton's defense counsel played a significant role in the voir dire process in hopes of selecting an impartial jury that was capable of putting aside prejudicial pretrial impressions about the defendant.

Nonetheless, Newton appealed his eventual conviction for voluntary manslaughter on the basis of unconstitutional grand and petit jury selection procedures, in addition to the failure to instruct the jury on a defense of unconsciousness. While the latter provided sufficient grounds to reverse Newton's conviction, the Court of Appeal still addressed—and denied—the charges of improper jury selection in the murder trial.

Regarding grand jury selection, Newton argued that the pertinent statutes in Alameda County "resulted in unconstitutional discrimination against young persons, low income groups and black persons." However, the Court of Appeal reiterated that constitutional standards for selecting grand and petit jurors must not "systematically exclude, or substantially underrepresent, the members of any identifiable group in the community." On that basis, the Court of Appeal found that Newton failed to prove purposeful discrimination during grand jury selection.

Newton also challenged the constitutionality of the petit jury since it was drawn exclusively from Alameda County voter registration lists, which he argued "results in underrepresentation of poor persons and black persons on juries, because such people are less likely to be registered voters." Here, the Court of Appeal stated that "the county's discretion to use voter registration lists as the source of jurors is subject to the constitutional requirement that juries must reasonably reflect a cross-section of the community." Newton did demonstrate a statistical disparity between black persons serving on juries pooled from voter registration lists and the relative percentage of the eligible black population in Alameda County. However, the Court of Appeal held that the statistical difference was not substantial enough to sustain a claim of underrepresentation of black persons on the trial jury.

Finally, the Court of Appeal also rejected Newton's claim that the controversial nature of the trial, which pitted a black defendant against white police officers, required that at least one resident of a "black ghetto" serve as a petit juror. Again, the Court of Appeal noted that the Fourteenth Amendment "requires only that the jury be indiscriminately drawn from among those eligible in the community for jury service, untrammelled by any arbitrary and systematic exclusions."

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| People v. Newton | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Court | California Court of Appeal, First District, Division 4 |
| Full case name | *The People v. Huey P. Newton* |
| Decided | May 29, 1970 |
| Citations | 8 Cal. App. 3d 359; 87 Cal.Rptr. 394 |
| Court membership | |
| Judges sitting | Joseph A. Rattigan, Preston Devine, Winslow Christian |


title: Maconge

abstract: Maconge is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

text:
# Maconge

**Maconge** (French pronunciation: \[makɔ̃ʒ\]) is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1962 | 103 |  |
| 1968 | 115 | +11.7% |
| 1975 | 92 | −20.0% |
| 1982 | 95 | +3.3% |
| 1990 | 76 | −20.0% |
| 1999 | 97 | +27.6% |
| 2008 | 136 | +40.2% |

## InfoBox

| Maconge | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| The church in Maconge | |
| Location of Maconge | |
| MacongeMaconge | |
| Coordinates: 47°13′17″N 4°34′42″E / 47.2214°N 4.5783°E / 47.2214; 4.5783 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Bourgogne-Franche-Comté |
| Department | Côte-d'Or |
| Arrondissement | Beaune |
| Canton | Arnay-le-Duc |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Denis Timechinat |
| Area**1** | 6.27 km2 (2.42 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 131 |
| Density | 21/km2 (54/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 21362 /21320 |
| Elevation | 370–429 m (1,214–1,407 ft)
(avg. 412 m or 1,352 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


abstract: William O'Brien, 2nd Marquess of Thomond, 6th Earl of Inchiquin, 1st Baron Tadcaster KP PC (I) was an Irish peer and Chief of Clan O'Brien. He succeeded by special remainder as Marquess of Thomond in 1808 on the death of his uncle Murrough O'Brien, 1st Marquess of Thomond and was appointed a Privy Councillor and Knight of the Order of St Patrick on 11 November 1809. He was created Baron Tadcaster in the British Peerage in 1826.

text:
# William O'Brien, 2nd Marquess of Thomond

**William O'Brien, 2nd Marquess of Thomond, 6th Earl of Inchiquin, 1st Baron Tadcaster** KP PC (I) (1765  21 August 1846) was an Irish peer and Chief of Clan O'Brien. He succeeded by special remainder as Marquess of Thomond in 1808 on the death of his uncle Murrough O'Brien, 1st Marquess of Thomond and was appointed a Privy Councillor and Knight of the Order of St Patrick on 11 November 1809. He was created Baron Tadcaster in the British Peerage in 1826.

## Early life

O'Brien was born in Ennistymon, County Clare, to Captain Edward Dominic O'Brien, High Sheriff of Clare and Mary Carrick, daughter of Christopher Carrick and Áine McNally. His father was the grandson of William O'Brien, 3rd Earl of Inchiquin.

## Death and succession

On his death in 1846 his title passed by the same special remainder to his brother James O'Brien, 3rd Marquess of Thomond.

## Family

William O'Brien married Elizabeth Rebecca Trotter (1775–1852), daughter of Thomas Trotter of Duleek, Co. Meath on 16 September 1799. They had no son but four daughters:


title: Lindsay Grigg

abstract: Lindsay Grigg is a Canadian inline hockey and ice hockey player and a member of the Canadian national inline hockey team.

text:
# Lindsay Grigg

**Lindsay Grigg** (born May 26, 1993) is a Canadian inline hockey and ice hockey player and a member of the Canadian national inline hockey team.

## Ice hockey

### Playing career

During the 2010–11 season of the Provincial Women's Hockey League, Grigg played for the Oakville Jr. Hornets and served as team captain.

#### NCAA

Grigg played college ice hockey with the RIT Tigers women's ice hockey program from 2011 to 2015. The RIT Tigers competed in the ECAC West conference of NCAA Division III women's ice hockey during Grigg's freshman season (2011–12) before moving up to the College Hockey America (CHA) conference of the NCAA Division I ahead of the 2012–13 season. A defencively-minded skater, Grigg flexed between playing as a defenceman and as a forward forward throughout her four seasons with RIT.

During the 2011–12 season, Grigg contributed to the Tigers' record-setting 28-1-1 win-loss record while primarily playing on the top defensive pairing. In the semifinals of the 2012 NCAA Division III women's ice hockey tournament against the Plattsburgh State Cardinals, she scored the game winning goal in overtime to send the Tigers to the national championship game.

She was co-captain of the team as a junior and senior, sharing the role with future RIT Tigers head coach Celeste Brown during both seasons.

Grigg scored the game-winning goal of the 2014 CHA championship to secure the RIT Tigers' first conference championship title in NCAA Division I play. Her goal came with 6:17 remaining in second overtime versus the Mercyhurst Lakers and earned a 2–1 victory for the Tigers.

#### Elite leagues

On July 13, 2015, Grigg signed a professional contract with the Buffalo Beauts for the inaugural season of the National Women's Hockey League (NWHL).

For the 2016–17 season, Grigg signed with HV71 in the Swedish Women's Hockey League (SDHL).

### Career statistics

|  | | |  | Regular season | | | | |  | Playoffs | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Season | Team | League | | GP |  |  | Pts | PIM | | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| 2010-11 | Oakville Hornets | Prov. WHL | | 36 | 10 | 6 | 16 | 30 | | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 2011-12 | RIT Tigers | ECAC West | | 30 | 8 | 14 | 22 | 8 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2012-13 | RIT Tigers | CHA | | 36 | 2 | 12 | 14 | 10 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2013-14 | RIT Tigers | CHA | | 38 | 3 | 18 | 21 | 12 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2014-15 | RIT Tigers | CHA | | 39 | 7 | 11 | 18 | 14 | |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2015-16 | Buffalo Beauts | NWHL | | 15 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 6 | | 5 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| 2016-17 | HV71 | SDHL | | 33 | 8 | 10 | 18 | 8 | | 6 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 2017-18 | Markham Thunder | CWHL | | 28 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 6 | | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| NCAA D1 totals | | | | 113 | 12 | 41 | 53 | 36 | |  |  |  |  |  |

Sources:

### Awards and honours

| Award | Year | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| CWHL | | |
| Clarkson Cup Champion | 2018 |  |
| SDHL | | |
| Swedish Championship Silver Medal | 2017 |  |
| RIT Tigers | | |
| All-CHA Second Team | 2013–14 |  |
| CHA Championship All-Tournament Team | 2014 | |
| | 2015 | |
| CHA Player of the Week | Week of March 10, 2014 |  |
| | Week of March 2, 2015 | |
| CHA Best Defensive Forward | 2014–15 |  |
| CHA All-Academic | 2014–15 |  |

## Inline hockey

Grigg began playing inline hockey at age 10.

Grigg joined the Canadian women's senior inline hockey team in 2012, capturing a gold medal at the World Championships. With Canada's inline team, she was their scoring leader at the 2016 FIRS World Inline Hockey Championships in Asiago, logging ten points. Of note, she ranked fifth overall among all female competitors

In addition, Grigg served as an assistant coach for the Canadian women's national under-19 inline hockey team that competed in the junior women's tournament at the 2014 FIRS World Inline Hockey Championships in Toulouse, France.

## InfoBox

Lindsay Grigg
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1993-05-26) May 26, 1993<br>North York, Ontario, Canada |
| Home town | Oakville, Ontario, Canada |
| Education | Rochester Institute of Technology |
| Years active | 2010–present |
| Height | 5 ft 6 in (168 cm) |
| Sport | |
| Country | Canada |
| Sport | Inline hockey |
| Position | Defence |
| Shoots | Right |
| **Ice hockey career** Position Defence/Forward  Shot  Right  Played for   Playing career  20112018 | |
| Medal record      Representing  Canada  Women's inline hockey  World Championship  2012 Colombia   2016 Italy   2011 Italy   2014 France   2017 China | |


title: Vanessa Parise

abstract: Vanessa Parise is an American film director, writer, producer, and actress based in New York City. Her first feature film Kiss the Bride won the Golden Starfish Award at the Hamptons Film Festival in 2002. Her television movies, Perfect High and Drink Slay Love have been named by the Lifetime’s Broad Focus initiative. Parise has been nominated for Leo Awards for Best Direction for Lighthouse in 2015, for Perfect High in 2016, for Beyond in 2018, and for The Simone Biles Story in 2019. Her television movie The Simone Biles Story was nominated for Best Television Movie and Best Lead Actress by the NAACP Awards in 2019.

text:
# Vanessa Parise

**Vanessa Parise** is an American film director, writer, producer, and actress based in New York City. Her first feature film *Kiss the Bride* won the Golden Starfish Award at the Hamptons Film Festival in 2002. Her television movies, *Perfect High* and *Drink Slay Love* have been named by the Lifetime’s Broad Focus initiative. Parise has been nominated for Leo Awards for Best Direction for *Lighthouse* in 2015, for *Perfect High* in 2016, for *Beyond* in 2018, and for *The Simone Biles Story* in 2019. Her television movie *The Simone Biles Story* was nominated for Best Television Movie and Best Lead Actress by the NAACP Awards in 2019.

## Early life

Born in New York City and raised in Rhode Island, Parise ended her pursuit of a medical degree at Harvard Medical School to venture into the business as actor/writer/director/producer. on the feature film *Kiss the Bride,* starring Parise and Alyssa Milano.

## Career

Parise ended her pursuit of a medical degree at Harvard Medical School to venture into the business as actor/writer/director/producer on the feature film *Kiss the Bride*. Parise followed this with the film *Jack and Jill vs the World* which raised money for the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation and then enjoyed a limited theatrical release. She has directed the television movies "The Unauthorized Beverly Hills 90210 Story", "Perfect High", and "Status Unknown". As a writer, she has sold multiple spec features including BFF. Parise sold the pilot script *The New Twenty* to Freeform*.*

Parise is the co-executive producer and directing producer on *Charmed*. She directed the Tim Kring series *Beyond,* for which she was nominated for a Leo Award for Best Direction in 2018, and episodes of the Amazon series *Just Add Magic*. She also directed the series *Andi Mack*.

## Nominations and honors

Parise received a 2019 Leo Award Win for Best Direction of "Simone Biles: Courage to Soar," a 2016 Leo Award nomination for Best Direction of *Perfect High* and a 2015 Leo award nomination for Best Direction of *#POPFAN*. She was named by Lifetime with their Broad Focus Top 5 Original Movies 2015, and by SheKnows as one of Ten Female Directors Breaking Stereotypes in 2014. Her film *Kiss the Bride* won the Hamptons Film Festival’s Golden Starfish Award for Best Feature. At Cinequest, she won the Director’s Award. She also won the Excellence In Filmmaking Award at Sarasota, Best Actress, and Best Score at Montecarlo, and Best Feature at RIFF.

## Filmography

Television and Film
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2022–2023 | *The Flash* | Co-Executive Producer/Director | Series, The CW |
| 2021–2022 | *Firefly Lane* | Director | Series, Netflix |
| 2020 | *The Good Doctor* | Director | Series, ABC |
| | *The Resident* | | Series, FOX |
| | *Chicago Med* | | Series, NBC |
| 2019 | *Runaways* | Series, Hulu |
| 2018 | *Charmed* | Co-Executive Producer/Director | Series, The CW |
| | *The Simone Biles Story: Courage to Soar* | Director | MOW, Lifetime |
| 2017 | *Beyond* | Director | Series, Freeform |
| 2017 | *Drink Slay Love* | Director | Pilot (BD), Lifetime |
| 2016 | *Andi Mack* | Director | Series, Disney Channel |
| 2016 | *Straight As to XXX* | Director | MOW, Lifetime |
| 2016 | *Just Add Magic* | Director | Series, Amazon |
| 2016 | *Project Mc2* | Director | Series, Netflix |
| 2015 | *Beverly Hills 90210 Story* | Director | MOW, Lifetime |
| 2015 | *Perfect High* | Director | MOW, Lifetime |
| 2014 | *#Popfan* | Director | MOW, Lifetime |
| 2014 | *Demo Girl* | Writer | MOW, Up |
| 2014 | *When Calls the Heart* | Writer | Episode, Hallmark |
| 2013 | *The Wedding Chapel* | Director | MOW, NGN |
| 2013 | *Status Unknown* | Director | MOW, Lifetime |
| 2013 | *Coming Home for Christmas* | Director | MOW, NGN |
| 2012 | *Shape* | Writer | Pilot, Tricon |
| 2009 | *On Set On Edge* | Director | Web Series, Warner Bros |
| 2008 | ' | Writer/Director | Feature Film, MGM |
| 2003 | *Kiss the Bride* | Writer/Director | Feature Film, MGM |


title: Trichosirius cavatocarinatus

abstract: Trichosirius cavatocarinatus is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Capulidae, the cap snails.

text:
# Trichosirius cavatocarinatus

***Trichosirius cavatocarinatus*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Capulidae, the cap snails.

* Powell A. W. B., William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland 1979 ISBN 0-00-216906-1

## InfoBox

| *Trichosirius cavatocarinatus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusc |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| (unranked): | clade Caenogastropoda
clade Hypsogastropoda
clade Littorinimorpha |
| Superfamily: | Capuloidea |
| Family: | Capulidae |
| Genus: | *Trichosirius* |
| Species: | ***T. cavatocarinatus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Trichosirius cavatocarinatus***
(Laws, 1940) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Certhioderma cavatocarinatus* Laws, 1940 | |


title: Misraħ Kola

abstract: Misraħ Kola, is an Estate in the locality of Attard, Malta and is considered a part of Attard while not strictly belonging to the three villages made up of (central) Attard, Balzan and Lija. Up until the late 1900s, the Maltese railway passed by this estate and one can still see the old railway track at Triq il-Linja. Here one finds the Attard Industrial Estate, the Misraħ Kola Garden, Pierre Muscat Garden and G.Zammit Garden.

text:
# Misraħ Kola

**Misraħ Kola**, (*the Square of Nicholas*) is an Estate in the locality of Attard, Malta and is considered a part of Attard while not strictly belonging to the three villages made up of (central) Attard, Balzan and Lija.

Up until the late 1900s, the Maltese railway passed by this estate and one can still see the old railway track at Triq il-Linja (Railway Street).

Here one finds the Attard Industrial Estate, the Misraħ Kola Garden, Pierre Muscat Garden and G.Zammit Garden.

## Main Streets in Misraħ Kola

* Triq A.Camilleri (A.Camilleri Street)
* Triq Ġwanni Pawlu II (John Paul II Street)
* Triq id-Dawwara (Circumference Street)
* Triq id-Dirsa (Thrashing Street)
* Triq id-Dorga (Picher Street)
* Triq il-Fies (Pickaxe Street)
* Triq il-Frawli (Strawberries Street)
* Triq il-Ġiebja (Cistern Street)
* Triq il-Linja (Railway Track Street)
* Triq il-Luħ (Shovel Street)
* Triq il-Luqqata (Distaff Street)
* Triq il-Midra (Pitchfork Street)
* Triq il-Minġel (Sickle Street)
* Triq il-Miżieb (Sprout Street)
* Triq il-Moħriet (Plough Street)
* Triq il-Qamħ (Wheat Street)
* Triq il-Qiegħa (Paviment Street)
* Triq in-Nebbieta (Germinationer Street)
* Triq is-Sienja (Bucket Wheel Street)
* Triq is-Sieqja (Waterchannel Street)
* Triq is-Sikka (Ploughshare Street)
* Triq ix-Xgħir (Barley Street)
* Triq iż-Żir (Pitcher Street)
* Triq L-Andar (Treshing Floor Street)
* Triq L-Għarix (Hut Street)
* Triq L-Istwiel (Spindle Street)
* Triq Spatafora (Spatafora Street)

35°53′28″N 14°26′02″E / 35.891°N 14.434°E / 35.891; 14.434


title: Rampart Berg

abstract: Rampart Berg was an iceberg discovered by the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition in 1915, estimated by Frank Worsley to have been 1150 feet tall, with a thousand feet of that below the sea. According to expedition photographer Frank Hurley, the berg’s prominence throughout the months in which they were stuck in the ice caused the members of the expedition “to look upon it as an old friend”.

text:
# Rampart Berg

**Rampart Berg** was an iceberg discovered by the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition in 1915, estimated by Frank Worsley to have been 1150 feet (350 metres) tall, with a thousand feet of that below the sea. According to expedition photographer Frank Hurley, the berg’s prominence throughout the months in which they were stuck in the ice caused the members of the expedition “to look upon it as an old friend”.

## Events

Rampart Berg had been about 10 miles from the *Endurance* shortly before late March 1915, but was located about a mile away from the ship as of 27 March. On 18 April 1915 expedition leader Sir Ernest Shackleton noted that Rampart Berg was drifting away from the *Endurance*. On 20 August 1915, with the *Endurance* trapped in ice, Worsley, Hurley and Lionel Greenstreet went on a trip to Rampart Berg, with them getting into trouble when they journeyed onto thinner, younger ice unable to hold their weight. The three only escaped by turning quickly and getting onto thicker ice. On the same day, a change in the position of Rampart Berg relative to the *Endurance* notified Shackleton that the ice pack the ship was stuck in was moving, indicating that pressure ridges would soon be crushing against the side of the ship.

## InfoBox

| Rampart Berg | |
| --- | --- |
| Photograph of Rampart Berg, taken by Frank Hurley. | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 350 m (1,150 ft) |
| Geography | |
| Location | Weddell Sea, Antarctica |


title: Raizdos

abstract: Raizdos was possibly a king of the Odrysians in Thrace in the early 3rd century BC. He is attested in an inscription from Delphi as the father of Kotys III, who was king sometime between 276 and 267 BC. The date and the names suggest the possibility that Raizdos was the son of Kotys II, himself attested in an inscription from Athens dated to 330 BC. Several scholars have considered the name "Raizdos" a variant orthography of "Roigos", a Thracian royal name found on 3rd-century BC coins and in a graffito in the Kazanlăk Tomb, naming "Roigos, son of Seuthes." Even if the two names are variant forms of the same name, it remains uncertain whether Kotys III's father Raizdos can be identified with Roigos, son of Seuthes. No Raizdos is attested among the several known sons of Seuthes III.

text:
# Raizdos

**Raizdos** (Ῥαίζδος, the Latin form would be Rhaezdus) was possibly a king of the Odrysians in Thrace in the early 3rd century BC. He is attested in an inscription from Delphi as the father of Kotys III, who was king sometime between 276 and 267 BC (the date of the inscription). The date and the names suggest the possibility that Raizdos was the son of Kotys II, himself attested in an inscription from Athens dated to 330 BC (perhaps before he became king, if he is to be identified as a son of Seuthes III). Several scholars have considered the name "Raizdos" a variant orthography of "Roigos", a Thracian royal name found on 3rd-century BC coins and in a graffito in the Kazanlăk Tomb, naming "Roigos, son of Seuthes." Even if the two names are variant forms of the same name, it remains uncertain whether Kotys III's father Raizdos can be identified with Roigos, son of Seuthes (III or IV). No Raizdos is attested among the several known sons of Seuthes III.

## Bibliography

* D. Dana, Inscriptions, in: J. Valeva et al. (eds.), *A Companion to Ancient Thrace*, Wiley, 2015: 243-264.
* J. Jurukova, *Monetite na trakijskite plemena i vladeteli*, vol. 1., Sofia, 1992.
* J. Kabakčiev, "Who was Roigos?," *Bulgarian Historical Review* (1998) 3-6.
* S. Topalov, *New Contributions to the Study of the Coinage and History of the Early Odrysian Kingdom in the Lands of Ancient Thrace,* Sofia, 2004.


title: Majdan Trzebieski

abstract: Majdan Trzebieski is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Opole Lubelskie, within Opole Lubelskie County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland.

text:
# Majdan Trzebieski

**Majdan Trzebieski** (Polish pronunciation: \[ˈmajdan tʂɛˈbjɛskʲi\]) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Opole Lubelskie, within Opole Lubelskie County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland.

## InfoBox

| Majdan Trzebieski | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Majdan Trzebieski | |
| Coordinates: 51°10′21″N 22°01′33″E / 51.17250°N 22.02583°E / 51.17250; 22.02583 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Lublin |
| County | Opole Lubelskie |
| Gmina | Opole Lubelskie |


title: People v. Saephanh

abstract: People v. Saephanh, 80 Cal. App. 4th 451, 94 Cal. Rptr. 910 (2001), is a United States criminal case in which it was determined that solicitation of another person to commit a crime can occur even if the solicitation is never communicated to that person. Saephanh conceived a child with a woman, was imprisoned, and from prison wrote a letter soliciting another person to attack the woman to terminate the pregnancy. The letter was intercepted by a prison official before it was delivered. The court held that solicitation did not occur, but that "attempted solicitation" did, even though this was a doubly inchoate crime.

text:
# People v. Saephanh

***People v. Saephanh***, 80 Cal. App. 4th 451, 94 Cal. Rptr. 910 (2001), is a United States criminal case in which it was determined that solicitation of another person to commit a crime can occur even if the solicitation is never communicated to that person. Saephanh conceived a child with a woman, was imprisoned, and from prison wrote a letter soliciting another person to attack the woman to terminate the pregnancy. The letter was intercepted by a prison official before it was delivered. The court held that solicitation did not occur, but that "attempted solicitation" did, even though this was a doubly inchoate crime (i.e., neither the attack nor the communication actually occurred).

1. *Criminal Law - Cases and Materials*, 7th ed. 2012, Wolters Kluwer Law & Business; John Kaplan (law professor), Robert Weisberg, Guyora Binder, ISBN 978-1-4548-0698-1,

Text of People v. Saephanh is available from: CourtListener  Google Scholar  Justia  Leagle

## InfoBox

| People v. Saephanh | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Court | California Court of Appeals |
| Full case name | *The People, Plaintiff and Respondent, v. Lou Tong Saephanh, Defendant and Appellant.* |
| Decided | April 28, 2000 (2000-04-28) |
| Citations | 80 Cal. App. 4th 451; 94 Cal. Rptr. 910 |
| Court membership | |
| Judges sitting | Nikolas Dibiaso, Thomas A. Harris, Joseph Kalashian |
| Case opinions | |
| Decision by | Harris |
| Concurrence | Dibiaso, Kalashian |


title: Maconochie

abstract: Maconochie was a canned British stew of sliced turnips, carrots, potatoes, onions, haricot beans, and beef in a thin broth, named after the Aberdeen-based Maconochie Company that produced it. It gained recognition as a widely-issued military ration for British soldiers during the Boer War and World War I. There was also a French version called Maconóochie. Although the stew was tolerable, most soldiers detested it. As one soldier put it, "warmed in the tin, Maconochie was edible; cold, it was a man-killer." Others complained about how the potatoes appeared to be unidentifiable black lumps. The congelation of fat above indistinguishable chunks of meat and vegetables led one reporter to describe it as "an inferior grade of garbage". A soldier named Calcutt claimed "the Maconochie's stew ration gave the troops flatulence of a particularly offensive nature." though we reckoned in the trenches the Maconochie tin of meat and veg was a banquet in its own way, but most of the contractors who fed us should have had their money stuffed into a couple of kit-bags round their necks and chucked into the deepest hole in no-mans land.Some product versions that contained turnips were said to possess an unpleasant smell when combined with beans. Barbara Buchan from the Fraserburgh Heritage Centre confirmed that their records contain only a single positive response to the product.

text:
# Maconochie

**Maconochie** was a canned British stew of sliced turnips, carrots, potatoes, onions, haricot beans, and beef in a thin broth, named after the Aberdeen-based **Maconochie Company** that produced it. It gained recognition as a widely-issued military ration for British soldiers during the Boer War and World War I. There was also a French version called **Maconóochie**.

Although the stew was tolerable, most soldiers detested it. As one soldier put it, "warmed in the tin, Maconochie was edible; cold, it was a man-killer." Others complained about how the potatoes appeared to be unidentifiable black lumps. The congelation of fat above indistinguishable chunks of meat and vegetables led one reporter to describe it as "an inferior grade of garbage". A soldier named Calcutt claimed "the Maconochie's stew ration gave the troops flatulence of a particularly offensive nature."

> though we reckoned in the trenches the Maconochie tin of meat and veg was a banquet in its own way, but most of the contractors who fed us should have had their money stuffed into a couple of kit-bags round their necks and chucked into the deepest hole in no-mans land.

Some product versions that contained turnips were said to possess an unpleasant smell when combined with beans. Barbara Buchan from the Fraserburgh Heritage Centre confirmed that their records contain only a single positive response to the product.

## Notes and references

## InfoBox

Maconochie
| A can of Maconochie issued as a military ration, displayed in the Imperial War Museum | |
| --- | --- |
| Type | Stew |
| Place of origin | Scotland |
| Created by | Maconochie Company |
| Main ingredients | Turnips, carrots, potatoes |


title: William O'Brien (Australian politician)

abstract: William Joseph O'Brien was an Australian politician. He was born in Parkes to carrier William O'Brien and Bridget, née O'Sullivan. He worked as a cabinetmaker and in the railways, and was an official in the Furniture Trades' Union, being a delegate to and later president of the Trades and Labor Council. In 1916 he was a foundation member of the Industrial Vigilance Council and a delegate to the Anti-Conscription League, and from 1913 to 1917 he served on the central executive of the Australian Labor Party. In 1917 he was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly as the member for Annandale, transferring to Murray with the introduction of proportional representation in 1920. O'Brien served until 1925. He died at Leichhardt in 1953.

text:
# William O'Brien (Australian politician)

**William Joseph O'Brien** (7 September 1882  15 June 1953) was an Australian politician.

He was born in Parkes to carrier William O'Brien and Bridget, *née* O'Sullivan. He worked as a cabinetmaker and in the railways, and was an official in the Furniture Trades' Union, being a delegate to and later president of the Trades and Labor Council. In 1916 he was a foundation member of the Industrial Vigilance Council and a delegate to the Anti-Conscription League, and from 1913 to 1917 he served on the central executive of the Australian Labor Party (vice-president 191617). In 1917 he was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly as the member for Annandale, transferring to Murray with the introduction of proportional representation in 1920. O'Brien served until 1925. He died at Leichhardt in 1953.


title: Line-crosser

abstract: Line-crosser is a Dutch term from World War II. The name is used to refer to 21 people, mostly from Werkendam, who during the last months of the war maintained a secret connection between occupied and liberated Netherlands across the Biesbosch and the Merwede. They were part of the larger Biesbosch resistance group, and the Albrecht intelligence group.

text:
# Line-crosser

**Line-crosser** is a Dutch term from World War II. The name is used to refer to 21 people, mostly from Werkendam, who during the last months of the war maintained a secret connection between occupied and liberated Netherlands across the Biesbosch and the Merwede. They were part of the larger Biesbosch resistance group, and the Albrecht intelligence group.

## History

On 6 November 1944 the Biesbosch, a difficult to penetrate area, became the front between the German and allied forces. The Germans would almost never go into this area and as such it was ideal for hideouts for refugees.

Later that month it was decided to create a water crossing in the area between occupied and liberated Netherlands. Across two different routes people, goods, information and medicine were transported. In total 374 crossings were made. It was mostly a military intelligence route, but also Jews and stranded pilots were helped. It is not known how many people were transported. One of the people who crossed was the British general John Hackett who had been wounded during Operation Market Garden. He would later describe his experiences in 1978 in the book 'I was a stranger'.

There were two main routes of 13 and 18 kilometers. Crossing were made in canoes or small boats, mostly rowed or with silent engines. At one of the places they used a raised basket next to a restaurant to indicate that a line-crosser was coming.

During the end of the war, after Dolle Dinsdag, several German troops deserted, mostly across "the bridge of saint Jan". These were often captured and at one point around 75 German soldiers were held for 8 weeks on boats in the area. These were later handed over to Polish allied forces who liberated the area.

## List of line-crossers

All 21 line-crosser were decorated after the war:

### Military William Order 4th class

### Bronze Lion

### Bronze Cross

## Names of people transported

People were transported both in and out of occupied Netherlands. Not many names are known. The following agents crossed from occupied into liberated territory:

## After the war

### Reunions

On Tuesday 4 December 1984 about 50 people of the Biesbosch resistance group meet. One of the people present was prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld. There were commemorative meetings in 2010 and 2011.

### Monuments

On the bridge of saint Jan is a memorial text. There are several monuments dedicated to the Line-crossers, most prominently in Werkendam, Hank, Lage Zwaluwe and Sliedrecht.

## Further reading

* *Biesbosch-Crossings 1944-1945*, P. Hoek, 2000, ISBN 9789029711623


title: Vanessa Ovando

abstract: Vanessa Saraí Ovando Monroy is a Guatemalan retired footballer who played as a midfielder. She has been a member of the Guatemala women's national team.

text:
# Vanessa Ovando

**Vanessa Saraí Ovando Monroy** (born 17 May 1990) is a Guatemalan retired footballer who played as a midfielder. She has been a member of the Guatemala women's national team.

## International career

Ovando represented Guatemala at the 2010 CONCACAF Women's U-20 Championship. At senior level, she capped during the 2010 CONCACAF Women's World Cup Qualifying (and its qualification).

## InfoBox

Vanessa Ovando
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Vanessa Saraí Ovando Monroy | | |
| Date of birth | (1990-05-17) 17 May 1990 | | |
| Position(s) | Midfielder | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2010 | Comunicaciones |  |  |
| International career | | | |
| 2010 | Guatemala U20 | 3 | (0) |
| 2010 | Guatemala | 3 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals<br>‡ National team caps and goals, correct as of 1 November 2010 | | | |


title: Trichromia discobola

abstract: Trichromia discobola is a moth in the family Erebidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1905. It is found in Venezuela.

text:
# Trichromia discobola

***Trichromia discobola*** is a moth in the family Erebidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1905. It is found in Venezuela.

## InfoBox

| *Trichromia discobola* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Erebidae |
| Subfamily: | Arctiinae |
| Genus: | *Trichromia* |
| Species: | ***T. discobola*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Trichromia discobola***<br>(Hampson, 1905) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Neritos discobola* Hampson, 1905 | |