title: Sylvia Frumkin

abstract:
Sylvia Frumkin is the pseudonym given for the schizophrenic subject of Susan Sheehan's 1982 Pulitzer Prize-winning biography Is There No Place on Earth for Me? first published serially in The New Yorker. A quotation from the book, giving some of her dialog, gives some of the general flavor of her behavior:
  - "There's no such thing as schizophrenia, there's only mental telepathy. I once had a friend named Camilla Costello. She was Abbott and Costello's daughter. She said to me, 'You know, Sylvia, I have a lot of friends, but you're my best friend.' I'm working here. I'm an intern at Creedmoor. I'm in the Pentecostal Church, but I'm thinking of changing my religion. I have a dog at home. I love instant oatmeal. When you have Jesus, you don't need a diet. Mick Jagger wants to marry me. I want to get out the revolving door. With Jesus Christ, anything is possible. I used to hit my mother. It was the hyperactivity from all the cookies I ate. I'm the personification of Casper the Friendly Ghost. I used to go outside asking the other kids to be my friend when I was little. California's the most beautiful state in the Union. I've been there once, by television. My name is Jack Warden, and I'm an actress." As a result of the publication of her history, she was given more effective treatment. Nonetheless, she continued to go in and out of mental hospitals and died in 1994, according to a follow-up article by Susan Sheehan in The New Yorker titled "The Last Days of Sylvia Frumkin." The same article disclosed her legal name as Maxine Mason, sister of U.S. Democratic Party activist Trudy Mason.

text:
# Sylvia Frumkin

**Sylvia Frumkin** is the pseudonym given for the schizophrenic subject of Susan Sheehan's 1982 Pulitzer Prize-winning biography *Is There No Place on Earth for Me?* first published serially in *The New Yorker*. A quotation from the book, giving some of her dialog, gives some of the general flavor of her behavior:

"There's no such thing as schizophrenia, there's only mental telepathy. I once had a friend named Camilla Costello. She was Abbott and Costello's daughter. She said to me, 'You know, Sylvia, I have a lot of friends, but you're my best friend.' I'm working here. I'm an intern at Creedmoor. I'm in the Pentecostal Church, but I'm thinking of changing my religion. I have a dog at home. I love instant oatmeal. When you have Jesus, you don't need a diet. Mick Jagger wants to marry me. I want to get out the revolving door. With Jesus Christ, anything is possible. I used to hit my mother. It was the hyperactivity from all the cookies I ate. I'm the personification of Casper the Friendly Ghost. I used to go outside asking the other kids to be my friend when I was little. California's the most beautiful state in the Union. I've been there once, by television. My name is Jack Warden, and I'm an actress."

As a result of the publication of her history, she was given more effective treatment. Nonetheless, she continued to go in and out of mental hospitals and died in 1994, according to a follow-up article by Susan Sheehan in *The New Yorker* titled "The Last Days of Sylvia Frumkin." The same article disclosed her legal name as Maxine Mason, sister of U.S. Democratic Party activist Trudy Mason.


title: Omnicircus

abstract: The Omnicircus was a theater, gallery and performance art space that was established in 1992 by Frank Garvey in San Francisco, California. Omnicircus was home to Garvey’s ensemble as well as being an installation of his films, paintings, sculptures, music, photographs, and robots. The OmniCircus shows integrated live acting, music, dance and filmography with sophisticated mechanical actors and midi-controlled, computer-animated (VIRpt) performers. The OmniCircus was forced to leave its space early in 2015.

text:
# Omnicircus

The **Omnicircus** was a theater, gallery and performance art space that was established in 1992 by Frank Garvey in San Francisco, California.

Omnicircus was home to Garvey’s ensemble as well as being an installation of his films, paintings, sculptures, music, photographs, and robots. The OmniCircus shows integrated live acting, music, dance and filmography with sophisticated mechanical actors and midi-controlled, computer-animated (VIRpt) performers.

The OmniCircus was forced to leave its space early in 2015.


title: Turbonilla midas

abstract: Turbonilla midas is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.

text:
# Turbonilla midas

***Turbonilla midas*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.

## Description

The shell grows to a length of 8.5 mm.

## Distribution

This species occurs in the Pacific Ocean off Brazil at depths between 45 m and 50 m.

## InfoBox

| *Turbonilla midas* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Family: | Pyramidellidae |
| Genus: | *Turbonilla* |
| Species: | ***T. midas*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Turbonilla midas***<br>Pimenta & Absalao, 2004 | |
|


title: Walter Aston (MP for Staffordshire)

abstract: Sir Walter Aston, DL, JP, of Tixall and Heywood, Staffordshire, was a Knight of the Shire and Sheriff of Staffordshire.

text:
# Walter Aston (MP for Staffordshire)

**Sir Walter Aston, DL, JP** (1 October 1530  1589), of Tixall and Heywood, Staffordshire, was a Knight of the Shire and Sheriff of Staffordshire.

## Biography

Walter Aston was born on 1 October 1530. He was the first son of Sir Edward Aston of Tixall and Heywood and his second wife, Jane, the daughter of Sir Thomas Bowles of Penhow Castle, Monmouthshire. He succeeded to his father's estates on 8 September 1568.

Aston was a Knight of the Shire for the constituency of Staffordshire in the Parliament of March 1553 for 31 days—this was his only parliamentary experience. He was knighted on 18 July 1560 by the 4th Duke of Norfolk for his service at the siege of Leith in that year. He was Sheriff of Staffordshire twice for a year starting in 1570 and again in 1580. He was Justice of the Peace twice by 1574 – 1575 and again from 1577 until his death in 1589. He was commissioner of the (military) muster in 1586 (the year following the Spanish Armada). He was also Deputy Lieutenant of Staffordshire by 1586.

## Family

Aston's first marriage was in 1544 to Mary, daughter of Sir John Spencer of Althorp, Northamptonshire and Wormleighton Manor, Warwickshire; and secondly, by 1551, to Elizabeth, daughter of James Leveson of Lilleshall, Shropshire. Aston and Elizabeth had six sons and six daughters among whom were:

* Edward (died 1598), his heir, whose estates in the counties of Staffordshire, Derbyshire and Leicestershire produced an annual £10,000 income, married twice. Firstly Mary, third daughter of Sir John Spencer of Althorp, who died childless, and secondly Anne only daughter of Sir Thomas Lucy, of Charlecote, Warwickshire. They had five daughters and three sons including his heir Walter who would become 1st Lord Aston.
* Robert, of Parkhall, who married Jocosa, 2nd daughter of William Dallyson, one of the Judges of the King's Bench, and had three sons, William, Robert, and John, of whom William left an only child, Frances, his sole heir, who, 28 April. 1647, married John Whitehall, into whose family she carried the estate of Parkhall. Robert died without issue. John married Margery Walton and was the father of the distinguished judge Sir William Aston, who founded the Irish branch of the family.
* Richard (died 1610), who died before his father.
* William, of Millwich, ancestor of the present Lord Aston.
* Hastings, who died unmarried.
* Devereux, who died unmarried.
* Joan, who married William Crompton, of Stone, in Staffordshire.
* Mary, who married Thomas Astley, of Pattershall.
* Eleanor (d. 1636), who married William Peyto of Chesterton, Warwickshire, and was the mother of Edward Peyto.
* Elizabeth, who married Basil Feilding, of Newnham, and was mother of William Feilding, 1st Earl of Denbigh.
* Catherine, who married Stephen, son and heir of Sir Stephen Slaney, Lord Mayor of London.

* Burke, Sir Bernard (1866), *A Genealogical History of the Dormant: Abeyant, Forfeited, and Extinct Peerages of the British Empire*, Harrison, p. 14
* Constable, Sir Thomas Hugh; Clifford, Arthur (1817), *A Topographical and Historical Description of the Parish of Tixall*, Paris, pp. 255–256
* Hawkyard, A.D.K. (1982), "Aston, Walter (1530-89), of Tixall and Heywood, Staffs", in Bindoff, S.T. (ed.), *The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1509-1558*, Boydell and Brewer


title: Tenaturris fulgens

abstract: Tenaturris fulgens is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae.

text:
# Tenaturris fulgens

***Tenaturris fulgens*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae.

## Description

The length of the shell attains 7 mm, its diameter 2 mm.

The ovate shell has a shining aspect. It is white. The pale dot on the last rib is so small and indistinct that it might easily be overlooked. The protoconch consists of two smooth, convex whorls. These are followed by slightly convex whorls showing 11-12 longitudinal ribs that continue in the body whorl almost to the base of the shell. The uppermost of the three or four chief spiral lirations is situated a little above the middle of the whorls, and it is at this point that they appear to be slightly angulated. These spiral liration number 16–18 in the body whorl. The ovate aperture is narrow and measures about half the total length. The outer lip is incrassate and is arched forward at its top. The inner lip is simple. The columella is slightly callous. The siphonal canal is short and narrow.

## Distribution

This species occurs in the Atlantic Ocean off Brazil

## InfoBox

| *Tenaturris fulgens* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Shell of *Tenaturris fulgens* (specimen at the Natural History Museum, London) | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Superfamily: | Conoidea |
| Family: | Mangeliidae |
| Genus: | *Tenaturris* |
| Species: | ***T. fulgens*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Tenaturris fulgens***<br>(Smith E. A., 1888) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Pleurotoma (Mangilia) fulgens* Smith E. A., 1888 | |


abstract: Thomas Scott House is a historic home located in East Fallowfield Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania. The house was built about 1796, and is a two-story, three-bay, stuccoed stone, vernacular Federal style dwelling. It has a one-story stone addition and full width front porch with Eastlake brackets. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

text:
# Thomas Scott House (Coatesville, Pennsylvania)

**Thomas Scott House** is a historic home located in East Fallowfield Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania. The house was built about 1796, and is a two-story, three-bay, stuccoed stone, vernacular Federal style dwelling. It has a one-story stone addition and full width front porch with Eastlake brackets.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Thomas Scott House | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| Thomas Scott House, March 2011 | |
|  | |
| Location | Park Avenue near Coatesville, East Fallowfield Township, Pennsylvania |
| Coordinates | 39°57′55″N 75°51′9″W / 39.96528°N 75.85250°W / 39.96528; -75.85250 |
| Area | 0.5 acres (0.20 ha) |
| Built | c. 1796 |
| Architectural style | Federal, Vernacular Federal |
| MPS | East Fallowfield Township MRAEast Fallowfield Township MRA |
| NRHP reference No. | 85001154 |
| Added to NRHP | May 20, 1985 |


title: Sylvia Young

abstract: Sylvia Young is the founder and principal of Sylvia Young Theatre School in London, England.

text:
# Sylvia Young

**Sylvia Young** OBE (born 1939 in Hackney, London, England) is the founder and principal of Sylvia Young Theatre School in London, England.

## Sylvia Young Theatre School

Young founded her theatre school in 1981 in Drury Lane, London, before moving to its current Marylebone premises in 1983. The school is co-educational and provides a combination of academic and vocational classes for children aged 10 to 16 years. The academic curriculum encompasses GCSEs, while the vocational curriculum teaches acting, dance and music.

Many SYTS students have gone on to become successful in the performing arts world, including Amy Winehouse; Denise Van Outen; Billie Piper; former Spice Girl Emma Bunton; Alex Rider star Alex Pettyfer; Isabel Hodgins; Kara Tointon; Lacey Turner; McFly member Tom Fletcher; Busted bassist Matt Willis; The Saturdays member Vanessa White; and The Wanted member Nathan Sykes. The film *High School Musical 3* features an SYTS pupil, Jemma McKenzie-Brown.

## Family

Young married Norman Ruffell in Hackney, London, in 1961 and has two children, actresses Frances Ruffelle and Alison Ruffelle. Young's granddaughter is pop singer Eliza Doolittle.

## Styles and honours

She was the subject of *This Is Your Life* in December 1998 when she was surprised by Michael Aspel at the Sylvia Young Theatre School.

Young was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the Queen's Birthday Honours List of 2005 for her services to the arts.


title: Synod of the Northeast

abstract: Synod of the Northeast is an upper judicatory of the Presbyterian Church (USA) based in East Syracuse, New York. The synod oversees 19 presbyteries in six New England states, two of the three Mid-Atlantic States, plus a non-geographical Korean Presbytery.

text:
# Synod of the Northeast

**Synod of the Northeast** is an upper judicatory of the Presbyterian Church (USA) based in East Syracuse, New York. The synod oversees 19 presbyteries in six New England states (Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut), two of the three Mid-Atlantic States (New Jersey and New York), plus a non-geographical Korean Presbytery.

## History

The Synod of the Northeast was founded in May 1973, when the General Assembly decided to reorganize its synods on a regional basis. The merger included the following state synods:

* The Synod of New Jersey was established in 1824, when the Presbytery of Jersey was divided into the presbyteries of Newark and Elizabeth Town.
* The Synod of New York
* Synod of New England

## Presbyteries of the Synod of the Northeast

There are 19 presbyteries in the synod, and 962 churches.


title: Sync box

abstract: A sync box, also known as a phase adjuster in England, is a device designed to sync a film camera's shutter with TV or computer screens, otherwise thick, black roll bars appear on the video screen within the film image.

text:
# Sync box

A **sync box**, also known as a **phase adjuster** in England, is a device designed to sync a film camera's shutter with TV or computer screens, otherwise thick, black roll bars appear on the video screen within the film image.

## Process

A lot of problems when filming TV and computer screens are based on the different frame rates involved. The standard for film projection is 24 fps. In countries like the United States that use the NTSC system for television broadcast, the frame rate is 30 fps (actually 29.97). When the camera's shutter is not in sync with the NTSC monitor, thick, dark horizontal bands or bars will appear and drift across the screen. These are called "roll bars". A sync box with phase control is used to eliminate the roll bars.

Shooting at 24 fps with a 144° camera shutter will reduce the size of the roll bars to very thin lines. At this shutter angle, using a sync box with the camera can stop the thin roll bars from moving. Phase control allows the camera operator to place the thin roll bars at any point in the frame. The choice of placement generally comes down to two options: Having two lines, one at the top third and one at the bottom third of the display, or only one line right across the center.

## Solutions without sync boxes

In certain cases, filmmakers found ways of filming television screens without the use of sync boxes. Documented examples include:

* Mark Irwin, director of photography on *Videodrome* (1983), did not have access to a sync box during that film for shooting many scenes involving TV screens. He used a camera with a fixed shutter speed to reduce roll bars to very thin lines in that film, thus making them imperceptible.
* One of the technical innovations introduced in *Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan* was the use of 24-frame video playback though specially designed TV sets and videotape players. This allows for the filming of video screens without black bars or flickering, thus negating the need for a sync box. The system was designed by Hal Landaker at The Burbank Studios.

### Annotations

### Footnotes

1. Jolliffe, Genevieve; Jones, Chris (2002) \[2000\]. "Production". *The Guerilla Film Makers Handbook* (2nd, Paperback ed.). Wiltshire, England: Continuum. p. 104. ISBN 0-8264-4713-9.
2. Malkiewicz & Mullen 2005, p. 213.
3. Cronenberg, David; Irwin, Mark (Spring/Winter 2004). *David Cronenberg/Mark Irwin Commentary* \[*Videdrome* DVD; Audio Track 2\]. Criterion Collection. Los Angeles, California; Toronto, Canada.
4. Okuda, Michael (August 6, 2002). *Text commentary by Michael Okuda* \[*Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan, The Directors Edition* DVD; Disc 1/2\]. Paramount Pictures.

### Bibliography

* Malkiewicz, Kris; Mullen, M. David (June 21, 2005). "8: Special Shooting Techniques". *Cinematography: Third Edition*. Simon and Schuster.


title: Sync.in

abstract: Sync.in was a web-based collaborative real-time editor, from Cynapse. It allowed multiple people to edit the same text document simultaneously. Participants could see others' changes in real-time, with each author's text in their own color. A chat box in the sidebar allowed participants to communicate. Sync.in was based on EtherPad that was acquired by Google in December 2009, and released as open-source later that month. Sync.in used the Freemium financial model. Free service required no sign-up or registration and users could create unlimited public documents. Pro version was available in a Software as a service model and offered business-centric functions. As of May 2013, creation of public notes has been disabled on the sync.in domain.

text:
# Sync.in

**Sync.in** was a web-based collaborative real-time editor, from Cynapse. It allowed multiple people to edit the same text document simultaneously. Participants could see others' changes in real-time, with each author's text in their own color. A chat box in the sidebar allowed participants to communicate.

Sync.in was based on EtherPad that was acquired by Google in December 2009, and released as open-source later that month.

Sync.in used the Freemium financial model. Free service required no sign-up or registration and users could create unlimited public documents. Pro version was available in a Software as a service model and offered business-centric functions.

As of May 2013, creation of public notes has been disabled on the sync.in domain.

## Features

Anyone can create a new collaborative text document, known as a "note". Each note has its own URL, and anyone who knows this URL can edit the note and participate in the document collaboration. Users can invite their friends or colleagues by sharing the note URL using the "share this note" functionality provided in each note. Note, URLs can be shared by Email or other social networking sites like Twitter, Facebook, Del.ici.ous, Digg, LinkedIn, Ping.fm and Cyn.in

The software auto-saves the document at each keystroke, while participants can permanently save specific versions at any time. A “time slider” feature allows anyone to explore the history of the note and how it evolved to its current state. It is a screenshot video of the creation of the note, keystroke-by-keystroke. The final document can be downloaded in HTML, plain text, or a bookmark file.

Sync.in Pro allows teams to create a secure site on a sync.in subdomain with users for everyone in the team. Notes are private to the team members, and individual notes can be password protected. There is also an option to selectively make notes available to the world.

An Adobe Air-based desktop client is available for Windows, Mac OS X and Linux and has enhanced features for Pro users. The desktop client lets users create new notes and launch notes directly from their desktop.

## InfoBox

Sync.in
| Developer(s) | Cynapse |
| --- | --- |
| Type | Collaborative real-time editor |
| Website | sync.in |


title: Sync sound

abstract: Sync sound refers to sound recorded at the time of the filming of movies. It has been widely used in movies since the birth of sound movies.

text:
# Sync sound

**Sync sound** (synchronized sound recording) refers to sound recorded at the time of the filming of movies. It has been widely used in movies since the birth of sound movies.

## History

Even in the silent film era, films were shown with sounds, often with musical accompaniment by a pianist or an orchestra keeping time with the screen action. The first synchronization was a turning recording device marked with a white spot. As the white spot rotated, the cameraman hand-cranked the camera to keep it in sync with the recording. The method was then repeated for playback, but with the projectionist hand cranking the film projector. "Single-system" sound recorded sound optically to part of the original camera film, or magnetically to a stripe of magnetic coating along the film edge.

"Double-system" sound used independent cameras and sound recorders. The first sync sound standard used recorders and cameras both powered by AC (alternating current) motors - essentially clock motors.

Later the 50 Hz or 60 Hz sine wave, called a Pilottone, was recorded on a second parallel track of an audio recorder.

In double-system film, speed variations of camera and recorder, as well as the elasticity of the magnetic recording tape, requires some positive means of keying the dialogue to its appropriate film frame. The inclusion on the sound recorder of a second, parallel, sync or "Pilotone" track, has been the most common method in use until today. In video recording, synchronism is electronically generated and generally called dual-system sound

On location, a camera is driven by a DC motor, with some sort of governor control to hold it fairly accurate at 24 fps, a sync pulse generator geared to the movement or motor shaft could be employed to provide the sync pulse output. A cable conducts the sync pulse from camera to sound recorder. The sync pulse is typically a sine wave of 50 or 60 Hz with an RMS amplitude of approximately 1 volt.

This double-system audio recording could then be transferred or "resolved" to sprocketed magnetic film, with sprocket holes that match one to one with the original camera film. These two sprocketed media could be run through a "Moviola" or flat-bed editing table such as the Steenbeck for synchronous sound editing.

With the introduction of the Bulova "Accutron" watch that used a tuning fork as a time reference (watches later used an oscillating electronic crystal), the camera no longer needed to be connected to the sound recorder with a cable. The camera speed was controlled by one oscillator, and a second oscillator in the recorder generated the Pilotone.

This method was developed in the 1960s by pioneering filmmaker Richard Leacock. It was called Direct Cinema. Filmmakers abandoned the studio and went out on location to film, often with hand-held cameras.

In 1972, Bell & Howell brought out a consumer version of a double-system Super-8 sound filmmaking system called "Filmosound". A compact cassette recorder was attached to the camera with a cable that transmitted a single pulse to the recorder every time a new frame of film was exposed in the camera. On playback, the cassette recorder pulse was used to control the projector speed.

At that time, Ricky Leacock, a professor in the MIT architecture department film section, developed a Super-8 film production system with a crystal-controlled camera, a crystal-generated Pilotone cassette recorder, a sprocketed magnetic film recorder, a flatbed editing table, and a projector. The MIT/Leacock System was funded with a $300,000 grant from the founder of Polaroid, Edwin Land.

In 1973, the one-pulse-per-frame technique was used to control recording directly onto sprocketed magnetic film in the Super8 Sound Recorder. The Super8 Sound Recorder could also "resolve" sound that had been recorded onto cassette tape with this new "digital" sync pulse.

Today, digital video cameras and digital sound recorders synchronize electronically, being used for double-system video production.

## Pioneering films

## Sync sound in Asia

In Hong Kong, sync sound was not widely used until the 1990s, as the generally noisy environment and lower production budgets made such a method impractical.

Indian films shot using sync sound include the first Indian talkie *Alam Ara* released in 1931 and art house films such as Satyajit Ray's *Pather Panchali*. The then popular Mitchell camera, which could be operated silently made it possible to shoot in sync sound. However, due to the change of shooting environments from studios to locations, as well as the surging popularity of the more portable but noisy Arri 2c camera, shooting with sync sound became less common during the mid 60s. Thus, most Indian films, including Bollywood films, shot after the 1960s do not use sync sound and for that very reason the 2001 films *Lagaan* and *Dil Chahta Hai* were noted for its use. The common practice in the Indian film industry, even today, is to dub the dialogues during post-production.


title: Synophropsis

abstract: Synophropsis lauri, sometimes called the bay leafhopper, is a species of leafhopper of the subfamily Deltocephalinae, tribe Fieberiellini. It is the only species in the genus Synophropsis.

text:
# Synophropsis

***Synophropsis lauri***, sometimes called the **bay leafhopper**, is a species of leafhopper of the subfamily Deltocephalinae, tribe Fieberiellini. It is the only species in the genus ***Synophropsis***.

## Description

The hemelytra vary from greyish to brick-red (some sources say the males are grey, females red) and are somewhat translucent with the veins showing up as whitish. The wings darken towards the tips. There are small dark marks along the suture and at the distal ends of some of the long veins. The head is yellowish and the vertex is sharply pointed. Antennae are filamentous and very long. Size: up to 6.5mm long, or even 7mm.

Nymphs are green, and over-winter. The species is normally said to be univoltine, but it is possible that the females hibernate and produce a second generation.

## Origin and spread

The species was first described, as *Thamnotettix lauri*, by Géza Horváth in 1897 from specimens taken in Fiume (Rijeka) and Buccari (Bakar) on the Adriatic coast of what is now Croatia. Nearly 30 years later, Hermann Haupt independently described a single male taken in Gravosa (Gruž), some 260 miles (420 km) further southeast. Haupt placed it in a new genus as *Synophropsis wagneri*. As these are now regarded as descriptions of the same species, Horvath's specific name has priority even though Haupt's new genus is accepted.

Throughout much of the 20th century it was regarded as a pontomediterranean species, i.e. inhabiting the area between the Black Sea (*ho pontos* to the ancient Greeks) and the Mediterranean. Since then it has expanded its range rapidly northwards and westwards. It has been known in France, initially Montpellier, since 1972, and in Switzerland since 2000. In 2008–09 it was discovered in Hamburg and Öhringen, two widely separated locations in Germany, and also at Liège in Belgium. It reached the London area in 2007, and has since been found elsewhere in the United Kingdom – the insect in the taxobox was seen in Cambridge in 2014.

## Host plants

*Synophropsis lauri* is polyphagous on evergreen broad-leaved trees and shrubs. It was first described as frequenting, and takes its specific name from, the European bay laurel (*Laurus nobilis*). This tree, now cultivated far outside its natural Mediterranean range, is a favourite where available. In western Europe specimens of *S. lauri* have mostly been taken from ivy (*Hedera helix*). In Turkey *S. lauri* is listed as a minor pest of olive (*Olea europea*) groves.

## InfoBox

| *Synophropsis lauri* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Specimen from Cambridge, England | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hemiptera |
| Suborder: | Auchenorrhyncha |
| Family: | Cicadellidae |
| Subfamily: | Deltocephalinae |
| Genus: | ***Synophropsis***
Haupt, 1926 |
| Species: | ***S. lauri*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Synophropsis lauri***
(Horváth, 1897) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Thamnotettix lauri* Horváth, 1897 * *Synophropsis wagneri* Haupt, 1926 | |


title: Sytna Góra

abstract: Sytna Góra is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kartuzy, within Kartuzy County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) north of Kartuzy and 30 km (19 mi) west of the regional capital Gdańsk. For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

text:
# Sytna Góra

**Sytna Góra** \[ˈsɨtna ˈɡura\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kartuzy, within Kartuzy County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) north of Kartuzy and 30 km (19 mi) west of the regional capital Gdańsk.

For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

## InfoBox

| Sytna Góra | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Sytna Góra | |
| Coordinates: 54°22′39″N 18°10′50″E / 54.37750°N 18.18056°E / 54.37750; 18.18056 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Pomeranian |
| County | Kartuzy |
| Gmina | Kartuzy |
| Population | 62 |


title: Sytki

abstract: Sytki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Drohiczyn, within Siemiatycze County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) north-east of Drohiczyn, 10 km (6 mi) west of Siemiatycze, and 82 km (51 mi) south of the regional capital Białystok.

text:
# Sytki

**Sytki** \[ˈsɨtki\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Drohiczyn, within Siemiatycze County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) north-east of Drohiczyn, 10 km (6 mi) west of Siemiatycze, and 82 km (51 mi) south of the regional capital Białystok.

## InfoBox

| Sytki | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Sytki | |
| Coordinates: 52°26′N 22°43′E / 52.433°N 22.717°E / 52.433; 22.717 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Podlaskie |
| County | Siemiatycze |
| Gmina | Drohiczyn |


abstract: The women's team event at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, United Kingdom, took place at the Aquatics Centre from 9 to 10 August. Russia maintained its dominance in the sport, as the team delivered a nearly perfect, complex choreography for another gold medal at its fourth consecutive Olympics, having received a powerful, composite score of 197.030 by the judges. Meanwhile, the Chinese squad resisted the challenge from Spain on a historical breakthrough to add a silver in the event with 194.010, edging the Spaniards out of the pool to accept the bronze for a total score of 193.120. Eight teams competed, each consisting of eight swimmers. There was a single round of competition. Each team presents two routines: a technical routine and a free routine. The technical routine consists of twelve required elements, which must be completed in order and within a time of between 2 minutes 35 seconds and 3 minutes 5 seconds. The free routine has no restrictions other than time; this routine must last between 3 minutes 45 seconds and 4 minutes 15 seconds. For each routine, the team is judged by two panels of five judges each. One panel is the technical jury, the other is the artistic jury. Each judge gives marks of between 0 and 10. The highest and lowest score from each panel are dropped, leaving a total of six scores which are then summed to give the routine's score. The scores of the two routines are then added to give a final score for the team

text:
# Synchronized swimming at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's team

The **women's team** event at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, United Kingdom, took place at the Aquatics Centre from 9 to 10 August. Russia maintained its dominance in the sport, as the team delivered a nearly perfect, complex choreography for another gold medal at its fourth consecutive Olympics, having received a powerful, composite score of 197.030 by the judges. Meanwhile, the Chinese squad resisted the challenge from Spain on a historical breakthrough to add a silver in the event with 194.010, edging the Spaniards out of the pool to accept the bronze for a total score of 193.120.

Eight teams competed, each consisting of eight swimmers (from a total team of nine swimmers). There was a single round of competition. Each team presents two routines: a technical routine and a free routine. The technical routine consists of twelve required elements, which must be completed in order and within a time of between 2 minutes 35 seconds and 3 minutes 5 seconds. The free routine has no restrictions other than time; this routine must last between 3 minutes 45 seconds and 4 minutes 15 seconds.

For each routine, the team is judged by two panels of five judges each. One panel is the technical jury, the other is the artistic jury. Each judge gives marks of between 0 and 10. The highest and lowest score from each panel are dropped, leaving a total of six scores which are then summed to give the routine's score. The scores of the two routines are then added to give a final score for the team

## Schedule

All times are UTC+1

| Date | Time | Round |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Thursday, 9 August 2012 | **15:00** | **Final Technical Routine** |
| Friday, 10 August 2012 | **15:00** | **Final Free Routine** |

## Results

| Rank | Country | Athletes | Technical | Free | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Russia | Anastasia Davydova, Mariya Gromova, Natalia Ishchenko, Elvira Khasyanova, Daria Korobova, Alexandra Patskevich, Svetlana Romashina, Angelika Timanina, Alla Shishkina | 98.100 | 98.930 | **197.030** |
|  | China | Chang Si, Chen Xiaojun, Huang Xuechen, Jiang Tingting, Jiang Wenwen, Liu Ou, Luo Xi, Wu Yiwen, Sun Wenyan | 97.000 | 97.010 | **194.010** |
|  | Spain | Clara Basiana, Alba Cabello, Ona Carbonell, Margalida Crespí, Andrea Fuentes, Thaïs Henríquez, Paula Klamburg, Irene Montrucchio, Laia Pons | 96.200 | 96.920 | **193.120** |
| 4 | Canada | Marie-Pier Boudreau Gagnon, Stéphanie Durocher, Jo-Annie Fortin, Chloé Isaac, Stéphanie Leclair, Tracy Little, Élise Marcotte, Valerie Welsh, Karine Thomas | 94.400 | 95.230 | **189.630** |
| 5 | Japan | Yumi Adachi, Aika Hakoyama, Yukiko Inui, Mayo Itoyama, Chisa Kobayashi, Risako Mitsui, Mariko Sakai, Kurumi Yoshida, Mai Nakamura | 93.800 | 93.830 | **187.630** |
| 6 | Great Britain | Katie Clark, Katie Dawkins, Olivia Allison, Jennifer Knobbs, Victoria Lucass, Asha Randall, Jenna Randall, Katie Skelton, Yvette Baker | 87.300 | 88.140 | **175.440** |
| 7 | Egypt | Reem Abdalazem, Shaza Abdelrahman, Nour El-Afandi, Dalia El-Gebaly, Samar Hassounah, Youmna Khallaf, Mai Mohamed, Mariam Omar, Aya Darwish | 77.600 | 78.360 | **155.960** |
| 8 | Australia | Eloise Amberger, Jenny-Lyn Anderson, Sarah Bombell, Olia Burtaev, Tamika Domrow, Bianca Hammett, Tarren Otte, Samantha Reid, Frankie Owen | 77.500 | 77.430 | **154.930** |

## InfoBox

| Women's team
at the Games of the XXX Olympiad | |
| --- | --- |
| Aquatics Centre in London | |
| Venue | Aquatics Centre |
| Date | 9–10 August |
| Competitors | 64 from 8 nations |
| Winning points | 197.030 |
| Medalists | |
| Russia (RUS)
Anastasia Davydova, Mariya Gromova, Natalia Ishchenko, Elvira Khasyanova, Daria Korobova, Alexandra Patskevich, Svetlana Romashina, Angelika Timanina, Alla Shishkina  China (CHN)
Chang Si, Chen Xiaojun, Huang Xuechen, Jiang Tingting, Jiang Wenwen, Liu Ou, Luo Xi, Wu Yiwen, Sun Wenyan  Spain (ESP)
Clara Basiana, Alba Cabello, Ona Carbonell, Margalida Crespí, Andrea Fuentes, Thaïs Henríquez, Paula Klamburg, Irene Montrucchio, Laia Pons | |
|


title: Synthetic psychological environment

abstract: In a synthetic environment, synthetic psychological environment (SPE) refers to the representation of influences to individuals and groups as a result of culture).

text:
# Synthetic psychological environment

In a synthetic environment, **synthetic psychological environment** (**SPE**) (or rules of behavior) refers to the representation (i.e. modeling) of influences to individuals and groups as a result of culture (e.g. demography, law, religion)).

## Synonyms

SPE is known by many names including:

* Cultural factors
* Cultural modeling
* Human terrain
* Non-kinetic effects
* Political, military, economic, social, information, and infrastructure (PMESII)

## Models

A few models that represent aspects of SPE are:


title: Sylvie Kinigi

abstract: Sylvie Kinigi is a Burundian politician and economist who served as prime minister of Burundi from 10 July 1993 to 7 February 1994, and acting president from November 1993 to 5 February 1994, making her the second African woman to serve as a president. Born to a Tutsi family, she earned a degree in banking from the University of Burundi in 1979 and another diploma from the Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire in Paris. Politically, Kinigi was closely affiliated with the Union pour le Progrès national (UPRONA), Burundi's only legal political party at the time, and was an active member of the Union des Femmes Burundaises, a subgroup of UPRONA, serving as a member of its central committee by 1987. In that capacity she lobbied for legislative changes and government measures to benefit women. In 1990 Kinigi was hired by the Bank of the Republic of Burundi to direct its department of research and statistics, and the following year she was placed in charge of Burundi's structural adjustment program. In the summer of 1993 Burundi hosted free elections, which were won by UPRONA's rival, Front pour la Démocratie au Burundi (FRODEBU). The new FRODEBU President of Burundi, Melchior Ndadaye, appointed Kinigi prime minister of Burundi on 10 July. Kinigi wished to pursue economic development while she was prime minister, but thought that this could not be achieved until ethnic tensions between Tutsis and Hutus were reduced. Thus, she declared that ethnic reconciliation would be her top priority. On 21 October President Ndadaye and several other officials were killed by Tutsi soldiers in a coup attempt, leaving her the highest-ranking official alive and the de facto head of state of Burundi. She joined her surviving ministers in the French embassy until she could return to her residence under French military guard as the coup failed. Though her government proved unable to contain the ethnic violence following the coup, she played a key role in brokering a political compromise that allowed for the election of Cyprien Ntaryamira as the next president. She resigned when he took office in 1994 and assumed an executive position at the Banque Commerciale du Burundi. She then held several international positions before returning to Burundi in 2008 and becoming an independent economic consultant.

text:
# Sylvie Kinigi

**Sylvie Kinigi** (née Ntigashira; born 24 November 1953) is a Burundian politician and economist who served as prime minister of Burundi from 10 July 1993 to 7 February 1994, and acting president from November 1993 to 5 February 1994, making her the second African woman to serve as a president.

Born to a Tutsi family, she earned a degree in banking from the University of Burundi in 1979 and another diploma from the Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire in Paris. Politically, Kinigi was closely affiliated with the Union pour le Progrès national (UPRONA), Burundi's only legal political party at the time, and was an active member of the Union des Femmes Burundaises, a subgroup of UPRONA, serving as a member of its central committee by 1987. In that capacity she lobbied for legislative changes and government measures to benefit women. In 1990 Kinigi was hired by the Bank of the Republic of Burundi to direct its department of research and statistics, and the following year she was placed in charge of Burundi's structural adjustment program.

In the summer of 1993 Burundi hosted free elections, which were won by UPRONA's rival, Front pour la Démocratie au Burundi (FRODEBU). The new FRODEBU President of Burundi, Melchior Ndadaye, appointed Kinigi prime minister of Burundi on 10 July. Kinigi wished to pursue economic development while she was prime minister, but thought that this could not be achieved until ethnic tensions between Tutsis and Hutus were reduced. Thus, she declared that ethnic reconciliation would be her top priority. On 21 October President Ndadaye and several other officials were killed by Tutsi soldiers in a coup attempt, leaving her the highest-ranking official alive and the *de facto* head of state of Burundi.

She joined her surviving ministers in the French embassy until she could return to her residence under French military guard as the coup failed. Though her government proved unable to contain the ethnic violence following the coup, she played a key role in brokering a political compromise that allowed for the election of Cyprien Ntaryamira as the next president. She resigned when he took office in 1994 and assumed an executive position at the Banque Commerciale du Burundi. She then held several international positions before returning to Burundi in 2008 and becoming an independent economic consultant.

## Early life and education

Sylvie Ntigashira was born on 24 November 1953 in Mugoyi, Ruanda-Urundi (today in Bujumbura Rural Province). Ethnically, she is Tutsi. Her father was a merchant, while her mother farmed and maintained their home. The third of six children, Ntigashira was allowed to attend school while the oldest daughter in the family helped their mother. She was given a primary and secondary education by nuns in the Ijenda parish. She then studied at the University of Burundi under the Faculty of Economic Sciences, graduating in 1979 with a degree in banking and credit. In 1990 she earned a Diplômes d'études supérieures from the Centre de Formation de la Profession Bancaire in Paris.

In 1973, Ntigashira married a Burundian academic, Firmin Kinigi, who had taught her in school, and had four or five children with him. He was ethnically Hutu. Her husband supported her desire to further her education and career and the family hired a maid to take care of their house and children. He died in either 1992 or 1993.

## Career

### Early political and government work

Burundi became independent from Belgium as Burundi in July 1962. The country quickly fell under the political domination of Tutsis at the expense of the Hutu majority ethnic group. Kinigi believed that democracy was introduced too rapidly in Burundi without proper preparation, leading to political organising along ethnic lines and the heightening of ethnic tensions. Burundi's government became controlled by Tutsi military officers, who ruled for approximately 30 years. Politically, Kinigi was closely affiliated with the Union pour le Progrès national (UPRONA), Burundi's only legal political party, and was an active member of the Union des Femmes Burundaises, a subgroup of UPRONA, serving as a member of its central committee by 1987. In that capacity she lobbied for legislative changes and government measures to benefit women.

In 1990 Kinigi was hired by the Bank of the Republic of Burundi to direct its department of research and statistics, while also teaching courses at the University of Burundi. In 1991 she left the job when President Pierre Buyoya appointed her Special Consultant in the Office of the Prime Minister, making her responsible for the implementation of Burundi's structural adjustment program. In that capacity she conducted negotiations with the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, and foreign donors. Impressed with her work, Buyoya subsequently appointed her Permanent Secretary in the Ministry of Economic Planning.

### Prime Minister of Burundi

In the summer of 1993 Burundi underwent a democratic transition. The country hosted free elections, which were won by UPRONA's rival, Front pour la Démocratie au Burundi (FRODEBU). The new president of Burundi, Melchior Ndadaye—the leader of FRODEBU and the first Hutu to become head of state, offered Kinigi the position of prime minister of Burundi in his new government to succeed Adrien Sibomana. She reportedly considered the offer for some time, but eventually decided to accept it, reasoning that she was not more politically inexperienced than the army officers which had previously ruled the country. Furthermore, she was personally acquainted with Ndadaye, having studied alongside him at Parisian institutions and even sat on a committee that judged his academic performance. She was also an acquaintance of Léonard Nyangoma and Cyprien Ntaryamira, two FRODEBU politicians who Ndadaye wanted to become ministers in the new government. Speaking of her selection, Kinigi stated that it was "a good surprise for Burundian women primarily, but for African women too."

FRODEBU hardliners were angered by Kinigi's appointment, seeing her assumption of the premiership to be a betrayal by Ndadaye. Radical UPRONA members were also displeased with her selection, since the party did not formally nominate her as a candidate, and they felt that Ndadaye had chosen her purely because she was a Tutsi woman and did not expect to rely on her abilities in office. The government ultimately comprised two-thirds Hutu and one-third Tutsi members. Kinigi was one of two women ministers. The government was sworn in on 10 July. Kinigi wished to pursue economic development while she was prime minister, but thought that this could not be achieved until ethnic tensions were reduced. Thus, she declared that ethnic reconciliation would be her highest priority. In mid-October she dispatched her ministers across the country on a mission to promote calm and understanding; she went to the northeast to denounce the "barbarism" of political violence associated with the previous elections.

On 21 October President Ndadaye and several other officials were killed by Tutsi soldiers in a coup attempt. A puppet civilian figure, François Ngeze, was presented by military authorities as the new head of state. Kinigi's bodyguards remained loyal to her during the takeover. She and other senior government figures took refuge in the French embassy. She was the highest-ranking civilian official to survive the coup attempt. From the embassy she continued to issue directives on government policy. Buyoya and his predecessor, Jean Baptiste Bagaza, both gave their support to her government and the coup failed due to an outbreak of violence and international condemnation. On 7 November she left the embassy and returned to her residence under French military guard. The death of Ndadaye and others in the presidential line of succession left her *de facto* head of state of Burundi. Tutsi extremists continued to employ violence in the aftermath of the coup, intimidating Kinigi's government and hampering its ability to provide leadership to the country.

Kinigi's government—comprising 15 of the original 22 ministers—stabilised the situation in Bujumbura, the capital, but proved unable to contain the ethnic violence across the country following the coup, in which thousands died. The radical Tutsi UPRONA faction became disgruntled with her actions before and especially during the crisis. With regards to her failure to attend a commemoration for the anniversary of the death of erstwhile UPRONA leader Louis Rwagasore on 13 October, the newspaper *Panafrika* wrote, "for a prime minister who said she was from Uprona, missing this ceremony was for some 'proof' that Sylvie Kinigi was not from Uprona. Some do not hesitate to say that if it hadn't been for this October 21 coup, she would now be at FRODEBU". The newspaper *L’Observateur* argued "not having been mandated by UPRONA, knowing simply that she is Prime Minister thanks to God and to Ndadaye and to FRODEBU, the first lady \[sic\] will behave during the crisis of October 1993 as one would expect. She will be totally absent and when she tries to come forward, it is to tirelessly repeat the theses of FRODEBU". On 15 November she wrote a letter to the Secretary General of the Organisation of African Unity, appealing for a military intervention to restore order in the country. The army and opposition politicians denounced this as a proposal for a "recolonization" of Burundi. In December her government appointed a commission of inquiry led by the Procurator General to investigate human rights abuses that had occurred after the coup, but its work never began due to objections from the parliamentary opposition.

> "I wanted peace and normal conditions but my collaborators wanted me to declare a coup d'état! You can't carry on like that. When I managed to get a successor elected in a reasonably acceptable manner, I resigned."

—Kinigi speaking on her role after the coup, 1999

Kinigi, burdened by the leadership responsibility placed upon her by the political vacuum, sought to enable the selection of a new president. On 9 January 1994, at her direction, the National Assembly modified Article 85 of the Burundian constitution, empowering itself to elect the next president of Burundi. Four days later the National Assembly elected Ntaryamira to become president in a vote, 78 to one. Ntaryamira was scheduled to be inaugurated on 22 January, but the parliamentary opposition, led by UPRONA, filed a suit with the Constitutional Court to block the installment. They argued that Article 182 of the constitution, which stipulated that the document could not be modified in times of national crisis, rendered the National Assembly's amending of Article 85 void. FRODEBU parliamentarians argued that the change was necessary to fill the vacancy, since holding a national election to replace the former president would have been impossible. The Constitutional Court ruled in favor of the opposition in a decision split along ethnic lines. The Hutu justices subsequently resigned and on 29 January Kinigi's government issued a decree dismissing the Tutsi justices. This led to several days of violence in Bujumbura. With the assistance of United Nations representative Ahmedou Ould-Abdallah, Kinigi brokered a compromise with the opposition, whereby Ntaryamira would be installed as president with a new UPRONA prime minister, and the Constitutional Court would be reinstated. Ntaryamira was sworn in on 5 February. Kinigi resigned as prime minister when he was inaugurated. On 7 February Ntaryamira appointed Anatole Kanyenkiko to replace her.

Kinigi was the second woman to serve as president of an African country, after Carmen Pereira of Guinea-Bissau, who also held the office in an interim fashion. Opinions on her time in government were starkly divided. Many of her Tutsi contemporaries regarded her as vacuous and a negative influence on the country, with *Panafrika* denouncing her as "Madame Fiasco". She retained a significant amount of respect among FRODEBU members. Responding to criticism of her leadership, Marc Manirakiza wrote, "What could she have done in the face of an unforeseen and unprecedented chaotic situation?" Reflecting on her time in government in 1999, Kinigi said it made people realise "that a woman can do even more than a man can do, with a soul of a mother and strong will, at the highest level of politics." Linking her to her contemporary in Rwanda, Agathe Uwilingiyimana, political scientist Jane Jansen wrote that the two women "owed their temporary rise to the top to an attempt to find an accommodation to the ethnic conflicts that plagued their respective countries."

### Later work

Upon leaving government, Kinigi assumed an executive position at the Banque Commerciale du Burundi. She then held several international positions, including jobs at the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, the United Nations Development Programme (representing it in Equatorial Guinea, Cameroon, and Senegal), and the office of the UN Special Envoy for the Great Lakes Region in Nairobi, where she served as a political advisor and programme coordinator. She returned to Burundi in 2008 and became an independent economic consultant. In that capacity she advocated for the right of women to inherit land and property and for the use of democracy. In 2016 the Carter Center selected Kinigi to lead its international election observer mission in Zambia for that year's general elections.

1. Hatungimana 2012, p. 387.
2. Lorch, Donatella (26 April 1994). "Specter of Hate Stalks Burundi, Too: Tutsi soldiers and armed Hutu rebels mimic Rwandans". *The New York Times*. p. A9.
3. Skard 2014, p. 289.
4. Rickards, Colin (18 November 1993). "Burundi : Woman heads government". *Share*. Vol. 16, no. 31. p. 11.
5. Skard 2014, p. 290.
6. Hatungimana 2012, pp. 387–388.
7. Jansen 2008, p. 68.
8. Banks 1993, p. 118.
9. Hatungimana 2012, p. 388.
10. Banshimiyubusa 2018, p. 405.
11. Whitaker's Almanack 1993, p. 832.
12. Giraudineau 1993, p. 34.
13. Hoogensen & Solheim 2006, p. 51.
14. Krueger & Krueger 2007, pp. 37–38.
15. "PM leaves embassy". *The Independent* (third ed.). Reuters. 8 November 1993. ProQuest 312985897
16. Krueger & Krueger 2007, p. 39.
17. "Burundi rivals talk, seek agreement". *The Evening Sun*. Hanover. 3 November 1993. p. A13. ProQuest 306501336
18. Edlin, John (1993). "Burundi: The land that lost its head". *Southern Africa Political & Economic Monthly*. pp. 25–26.
19. *La Cour constitutionnelle de la République du Burundi siegeant en matiere de constatation de la vacance du poste de Président de la République a rendu l'arret suivant*, Constitutional Court of Burundi, 8 November 1993, retrieved 22 September 2021  via Great Lakes of Africa Centre
20. Legum 1994, p. B-285.
21. Skard 2014, pp. 290–291.
22. Banshimiyubusa 2018, pp. 405–406.
23. Banshimiyubusa 2018, p. 406.
24. Banshimiyubusa 2018, p. 643.
25. Amnesty International Report 1994, p. 84.
26. Skard 2014, p. 291.
27. "Burundi". *Africa Report*. Vol. 39, no. 2. March 1994. p. 7.
28. "New President Elected". *Africa Research Bulletin*. Vol. 31–32. January 1994.
29. Chrétien & Mukuri 2002, p. 63.
30. Country Report 1994, p. 30.
31. Waegenaere, Xavier (April 1996). "À la Mémoire de Cyprien Ntaryamira". *Ijambo* (in French). No. 14. Archived from the original on 10 April 2008.
32. Welz 2021, p. 160.
33. Banshimiyubusa 2018, p. 407.
34. Banshimiyubusa 2018, pp. 406–407.
35. Hatungimana 2012, pp. 388–389.
36. Mumba, Catherine (4 August 2016). "Former Burundi acting President to lead Carter team". *Zambia Daily Mail*. Retrieved 31 May 2021.

## Works cited

## InfoBox

| Sylvie Kinigi | |
| --- | --- |
| Kinigi in 1993 | |
|  | |
| President of Burundi | |
| **Acting** | |
| **In office**
27 October 1993  5 February 1994 | |
| Preceded by | François Ngeze (acting) |
| Succeeded by | Cyprien Ntaryamira |
| Prime Minister of Burundi | |
| **In office**
10 July 1993  5 February 1994 | |
| President | Melchior Ndadaye |
| Preceded by | Adrien Sibomana |
| Succeeded by | Anatole Kanyenkiko |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Sylvie Ntigashira
(1953-11-24) 24 November 1953
Mugoyi, Ruanda-Urundi (today Bujumbura Rural Province, Burundi) |
| Political party | Union pour le Progrès national |
| Alma mater | University of Burundi |
|  | |


title: Szczodrowski Młyn

abstract: Szczodrowski Młyn is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Skarszewy, within Starogard County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) west of Skarszewy, 19 km (12 mi) north-west of Starogard Gdański, and 37 km (23 mi) south-west of the regional capital Gdańsk. For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

text:
# Szczodrowski Młyn

**Szczodrowski Młyn** \[ʂt͡ʂɔˈdrɔfski ˈmwɨn\] is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Skarszewy, within Starogard County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) west of Skarszewy, 19 km (12 mi) north-west of Starogard Gdański, and 37 km (23 mi) south-west of the regional capital Gdańsk.

For details of the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

## InfoBox

| Szczodrowski Młyn | |
| --- | --- |
| Settlement | |
| Szczodrowski Młyn | |
| Coordinates: 54°5′11″N 18°20′12″E / 54.08639°N 18.33667°E / 54.08639; 18.33667 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Pomeranian |
| County | Starogard |
| Gmina | Skarszewy |
| Population | 38 |


title: Szczodruchy, Suwałki County

abstract: Szczodruchy is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Raczki, within Suwałki County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. It lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) north-west of Raczki, 18 km (11 mi) west of Suwałki, and 107 km (66 mi) north of the regional capital Białystok.

text:
# Szczodruchy, Suwałki County

**Szczodruchy** \[ʂt͡ʂɔˈdruxɨ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Raczki, within Suwałki County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. It lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) north-west of Raczki, 18 km (11 mi) west of Suwałki, and 107 km (66 mi) north of the regional capital Białystok.

## InfoBox

| Szczodruchy | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Szczodruchy | |
| Coordinates: 54°2′N 22°41′E / 54.033°N 22.683°E / 54.033; 22.683 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Podlaskie |
| County | Suwałki |
| Gmina | Raczki |


title: Szerzyny

abstract: Szerzyny is a village in Tarnów County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It is the seat of the gmina called Gmina Szerzyny. It lies approximately 31 kilometres (19 mi) south-east of Tarnów and 99 km (62 mi) east of the regional capital Kraków.

text:
# Szerzyny

**Szerzyny** \[ʂɛˈʐɨnɨ\] is a village in Tarnów County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Szerzyny. It lies approximately 31 kilometres (19 mi) south-east of Tarnów and 99 km (62 mi) east of the regional capital Kraków.

## InfoBox

| Szerzyny | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Church of Our Lady of the Rosary | |
| Szerzyny | |
| Coordinates: 49°49′N 21°16′E / 49.817°N 21.267°E / 49.817; 21.267 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Lesser Poland |
| County | Tarnów |
| Gmina | Szerzyny |


title: Sympistis sesmu

abstract: Sympistis sesmu is a moth of the family Noctuidae first described by James T. Troubridge in 2008. It is found in the United States from eastern Oregon to Washington The wingspan is 30–36 mm. Adults are on wing from Late August to September.

text:
# Sympistis sesmu

***Sympistis sesmu*** is a moth of the family Noctuidae first described by James T. Troubridge in 2008. It is found in the United States from eastern Oregon to Washington

The wingspan is 30–36 mm. Adults are on wing from Late August to September.

## InfoBox

| *Sympistis sesmu* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Noctuidae |
| Genus: | *Sympistis* |
| Species: | ***S. sesmu*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Sympistis sesmu***<br>Troubridge, 2008 | |
|


title: Søren Wærenskjold

abstract: Søren Wærenskjold is a Norwegian cyclist, who rides for UCI ProTeam Uno-X Mobility.

text:
# Søren Wærenskjold

**Søren Wærenskjold** (born 12 March 2000) is a Norwegian cyclist, who rides for UCI ProTeam Uno-X Mobility.

## Major results

### Road

2017 1st  Overall Internationale Niedersachsen-Rundfahrt 1st  Young rider classification 1st  Points classification National Junior Championships 2nd Time trial 3rd Road race 4th Overall Grand Prix Rüebliland 1st Stage 4 10th Overall Trofeo Karlsberg 1st  Young rider classification 10th Overall Trophée Centre Morbihan 2018 1st  Time trial, National Junior Championships 1st  Overall Saarland Trofeo 1st Stage 3a 2nd Gent–Wevelgem Juniors 3rd Overall Trophée Centre Morbihan 1st Stage 2a (ITT) 5th Time trial, UCI World Junior Championships 2019 5th Youngster Coast Challenge 6th Ringerike GP 2020 1st  Overall International Tour of Rhodes 1st  Young rider classification 1st Stages 1 & 3 3rd Time trial, National Championships 2021 Tour de l'Avenir 1st Prologue & Stage 1 1st Prologue Grand Prix Priessnitz spa 2nd  Time trial, UEC European Under-23 Championships 2nd Time trial, National Championships 4th Time trial, UCI World Under-23 Championships 5th Circuit de Wallonie 2022 UCI World Under-23 Championships 1st  Time trial 3rd  Road race 1st  Road race, National Under-23 Championships 1st Stage 1 Tour de l'Avenir 2nd Time trial, National Championships 2nd Chrono des Nations Under-23 7th Bredene Koksijde Classic 8th Kattekoers 2023 (6 pro wins) 1st  Time trial, National Championships 1st  Overall Tour Poitou-Charentes en Nouvelle-Aquitaine 1st  Young rider classification 1st Stage 1 1st Stage 3 Saudi Tour 2nd Overall Tour of Belgium 1st Stage 3 (ITT) 4th Overall Danmark Rundt 1st Stage 1 7th Dwars door het Hageland 7th Münsterland Giro 2024 (6) 1st  Time trial, National Championships 1st  Overall Tour Poitou-Charentes en Nouvelle-Aquitaine 1st  Young rider classification 1st Stage 3 (ITT) 1st  Overall Tour of Belgium 1st Stage 1 (ITT) 1st Stage 2 AlUla Tour 3rd Grand Prix de Fourmies 5th Dwars door het Hageland 6th Scheldeprijs 9th Time trial, UEC European Championships 9th Paris–Roubaix

### Grand Tour general classification results timeline

| Grand Tour | 2023 | 2024 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Giro d'Italia |  |  |
| Tour de France | 140 | 133 |
| Vuelta a España |  |  |

Legend
|  | Did not compete |
| --- | --- |
| DNF | Did not finish |
| IP | Race in Progress |

### Cyclo-cross

2018–2019 3rd National Championships 2019–2020 1st  National Championships

## InfoBox

Søren Wærenskjold
| Wærenskjold at the 2023 Tour of Belgium | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Full name | Søren Wærenskjold |
| Nickname | Flodhesten fra Mandal (*The Hippo from Mandal*) |
| Born | (2000-03-12) 12 March 2000
Mandal, Norway |
| Height | 1.95 m (6 ft 5 in) |
| Weight | 92 kg (203 lb) |
| Team information | |
| Current team | Uno-X Mobility |
| Discipline | Road |
| Role | Rider |
| Rider type | Time Trialist
Sprinting
 |
| Professional teams | |
| 2019–2020 | Joker Fuel of Norway |
| 2021– | Uno-X Pro Cycling Team |
|  | |
| Major wins | |
| **Stage races** Tour of Belgium (2024) **One-day races and Classics**
National Time Trial Championships (2023, 2024) | |
|  | |
| Medal record      Representing  Norway  Men's road bicycle racing  World Championships  2022 Wollongong Under-23 time trial  2022 Wollongong Under-23 road race  European Championships  2021 Trentino Under-23 time trial | |


title: Syncytin-2

abstract: Syncytin-2 also known as endogenous retrovirus group FRD member 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ERVFRD-1 gene. This protein plays a key role in the implantation of human embryos in the womb. This gene is conserved among all primates, with an estimated age of 45 million years. The receptor for this fusogenic env protein is MFSD2. The mouse syncytins are not true orthologues. The virus, along with some very similar insertions, belong to a group under the Gammaretrovirus-like class I ERVs. Similar ERVs are found in artiodactyls, a result of an independent integration event. A proposed nomenclature suggests putting all such "class I" elements in a genus-level taxon separate from Gammaretrovirus.

text:
# Syncytin-2

**Syncytin-2** also known as **endogenous retrovirus group FRD member 1** is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ERVFRD-1 gene. This protein plays a key role in the implantation of human embryos in the womb.

This gene is conserved among all primates, with an estimated age of 45 million years. The receptor for this fusogenic *env* protein is MFSD2. The mouse syncytins are not true orthologues.

The virus, along with some very similar insertions, belong to a group under the *Gammaretrovirus*-like class I ERVs. Similar ERVs are found in artiodactyls, a result of an independent integration event. A proposed nomenclature suggests putting all such "class I" elements in a genus-level taxon separate from *Gammaretrovirus*.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| ERVFRD-1 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Available structures  PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB | | | |
| Identifiers | | | |
| Aliases | ERVFRD-1, ERVFRDE1, GLLL6191, HERV-FRD, HERV-W/FRD, UNQ6191, envFRD, endogenous retrovirus group FRD member 1, endogenous retrovirus group FRD member 1, envelope | | |
| External IDs | OMIM: 610524; MGI: 3045308; HomoloGene: 86779; GeneCards: ERVFRD-1; OMA:ERVFRD-1 - orthologs | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
| Orthologs  Species **Human** **Mouse**  Entrez   Ensembl   UniProt   RefSeq (mRNA)     NM\_207582   NM\_173420   RefSeq (protein)     NP\_997465   NP\_775596   Location (UCSC) Chr 6: 11.1 – 11.11 Mb Chr 14: 69.53 – 69.53 Mb  PubMed search | | | |
| Wikidata | | | |
| View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse | | | |


title: Szilvia Szabó

abstract: Szilvia Szabó is a Hungarian canoe sprinter who competed from 1997 to 2005. Competing in two Summer Olympics, she won three silvers. Szabó has also had outstanding success at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships, winning nineteen medals. This includes thirteen golds, three silvers, and three bronzes.

text:
# Szilvia Szabó

**Szilvia Szabó** (born 24 October 1978, in Budapest) is a Hungarian canoe sprinter who competed from 1997 to 2005. Competing in two Summer Olympics, she won three silvers (2000: K-2 500 m, K-4 500 m; 2004: K-4 500 m).

Szabó has also had outstanding success at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships, winning nineteen medals. This includes thirteen golds (K-2 500 m: 2001, 2002, 2003; K-2 1000 m: 2002, K-4 200 m: 1999, 2002, 2003; K-4 500 m: 1999, 2001, 2002, 2003; K-4 1000 m: 2001, 2005), three silvers (K-1 200 m: 2005, K-4 500 m: 1997, 1998), and three bronzes (K-1 200 m: 2001, K-2 500 m: 1999, K-4 500 m: 2005).

* Kamber, Raymond, ed. (2008). "Medal Winners – Olympic Games and World Championships (1936–2007)" (PDF). *CanoeICF.com*. International Canoe Federation. pp. 1–83. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 May 2018.
* Szilvia Szabó at Olympics at Sports-Reference.com (archived)

## InfoBox

Szilvia Szabó
| Medal record | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Women's canoe sprint | | |
| Olympic Games | | |
|  | 2000 Sydney | K-2 500 m |
|  | 2000 Sydney | K-4 500 m |
|  | 2004 Athens | K-4 500 m |
| World Championships | | |
|  | 1999 Milan | K-4 200 m |
|  | 1999 Milan | K-4 500 m |
|  | 2001 Poznań | K-2 500 m |
|  | 2001 Poznań | K-4 500 m |
|  | 2001 Poznań | K-4 1000 m |
|  | 2002 Seville | K-2 500 m |
|  | 2002 Seville | K-2 1000 m |
|  | 2002 Seville | K-4 200 m |
|  | 2002 Seville | K-4 500 m |
|  | 2003 Gainesville | K-2 500 m |
|  | 2003 Gainesville | K-4 200 m |
|  | 2003 Gainesville | K-4 500 m |
|  | 2005 Zagreb | K-4 1000 m |
|  | 1997 Dartmouth | K-4 500 m |
|  | 1998 Szeged | K-4 500 m |
|  | 2005 Zagreb | K-1 200 m |
|  | 1999 Milan | K-2 500 m |
|  | 2001 Poznań | K-1 200 m |
|  | 2005 Zagreb | K-4 500 m |


title: Szilvia Molnar

abstract: Szilvia Molnar is an American writer whose first novel The Nursery was released in 2023.

text:
# Szilvia Molnar

**Szilvia Molnar** (born 1984) is an American writer whose first novel *The Nursery* was released in 2023.

## Life

Molnar was born in 1984 in Budapest and raised in southern Sweden. She and her parents immigrated to Sweden around 1989 and still mostly speak Hungarian among themselves.

Molnar's family were working class, with her father employed as a machinist and her mother, who is Polish, as a nurse. When Molnar was a teenager, she won a short story competition run by Sveriges Radio. She later studied Hungarian and Eastern European literature in the United Kingdom and spent an exchange year in Hungary.

Molnar has worked in the publishing industry for nearly two decades, most recently as the foreign rights director for the Sterling Lord literary agency. Her novel *The Nursery* is autobiographical and inspired by her own postpartum experiences, with Molnar describing the story as her "attempt to explain the complex and conflicting emotions that can arise when motherhood is suddenly knocking at your door, like some pesky neighbour complaining that your baby is crying."

In addition to Sweden, Molnar has previously lived in London, Budapest and Brooklyn. She currently lives in Austin, Texas with her husband and two children.

## Writing career

Molnar made her writing debut in 2005 with works published in literary periodicals in Sweden and the United Kingdom. In 2006, she won a writing competition in *Ordfront Magasin* and an award for translating Imre Oravecz from Hungarian into Swedish.

Her chapbook *Soft Split* was released by Future Tense Books in 2016. The story follows "a nameless female protagonist as she escapes from her unfulfilling day-to-day into psychosexual dream states."

Molnar's debut novel *The Nursery* was released in 2023 by Oneworld in the United Kingdom and Pantheon Books in North America. In a review in *The New York Times*, Claire Dederer called *The Nursery* a "brilliant debut novel about a new mom falling apart within the four walls of her apartment" and added that the novel is "relentlessly quotable." In *The Atlantic*, Daphne Merkin called *The Nursery* "a powerful brew of a novel, emitting unpleasant sights, smells, and emotions that are rarely captured in print; it is frequently disquieting in its brutal, insistent candor."

Molnar's work has also appeared in Guernica, Literary Hub, Neue Rundschau and other literary magazines.

## Bibliography

* *Soft Split,* Future Tense Books, 2015, ISBN 9781892061768
* *The Nursery,* Pantheon Books, 2023. ISBN 9780593316849

1. "Budapestről az irodalmi elitbe – Szilvia Molnar-interjú" by Izing Róbert, Roadster (Hungary), 2022-09-22.
2. "Szilvia Molnar: A világot jelenti nekem, hogy megjelenik magyarul a könyvem" by Ruff Orsolya, Könyves Magazin, September 8, 2022.
3. Loren, Sammy (18 May 2023). "Szilvia Molnar's 'The Nursery' paints a grim portrait of parenthood". *Document*. Tom Bailey. Retrieved 6 October 2023.
4. "Vinnarna i Ordfronts debutanttävling 2006" Ordfront Magasin, March 30, 2006.
5. "Oneworld wins auction for foreign rights director's debut" by Ruth Comerford, *The Bookseller*, April 6, 2022.
6. *Women in Clothes* by Sheila Heti, Riverhead Books, 2014, page 513.
7. "A Postpartum Page-Turner: Austin author's memoir-esque novel about motherhood is both engaging—and disturbing" by Roberto Ontiveros, The Texas Observer, May 15, 2023.
8. "Szilvia Molnar on Knowing When to Kill Your Darlings" by Szilvia Molnar, Lit Hub, March 21, 2023.
9. a conversation with szilvia molnar on 'soft split' & psychosexual dreams" by Meredith Alling, *Luna Luna Magazine*, January 8, 2016.
10. Dederer, Claire (2023-03-18). "The Hand That Rocks the Cradle Is Exhausted". *The New York Times*. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-08-26.
11. "A Tale of Maternal Ambivalence" by Daphne Merkin, The Atlantic, March 31, 2023.
12. "Szilvia Molnar," *Guernica*, accessed October 9, 2023.
13. "BOMB Magazine | Szilvia Molnar's The Nursery". *BOMB Magazine*. 2023-03-02. Retrieved 2023-08-26.
14. Gerson, Jennifer (2023-03-21). "'The Nursery' calls attention to the intensity and loneliness of postpartum life". *The 19th*. Retrieved 2023-08-26.

## InfoBox

| Szilvia Molnar | |
| --- | --- |
| Molnar at the 2023 Texas Book Festival | |
| Born | 1984 (age 3940)<br>Budapest, Hungary |
| Occupation | Writer |
| Nationality | American |
| Children | 2 |
| Website | |
| www.szilviamolnar.com | |


title: Sándor Czomba

abstract: Sándor Czomba is a Hungarian engineer and politician, member of the National Assembly (MP) for Vásárosnamény between 2006 and 2014, and the Fidesz's national list from 2014 to 2018. He was a member of the Committee on Employment and Work from 30 May 2006 to 13 May 2010. After the legislative election in 2010, he was appointed Secretary of State for Employment in the Ministry of National Economy on 2 June 2010. He was replaced by Péter Cseresnyés on 8 October 2015. Following that, he served as a vice-chairman of the Economic Committee until the end of the parliamentary term in May 2018.

text:
# Sándor Czomba

**Sándor Czomba** (born 14 August 1963) is a Hungarian engineer and politician, member of the National Assembly (MP) for Vásárosnamény (Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County Constituency VIII) between 2006 and 2014, and the Fidesz's national list from 2014 to 2018. He was a member of the Committee on Employment and Work from 30 May 2006 to 13 May 2010.

After the legislative election in 2010, he was appointed Secretary of State for Employment in the Ministry of National Economy on 2 June 2010. He was replaced by Péter Cseresnyés on 8 October 2015. Following that, he served as a vice-chairman of the Economic Committee until the end of the parliamentary term in May 2018.

## Personal life

He is married with his second wife, Dóra Baranyai. His first wife was Tünde Nagy. He has three children.

## InfoBox

| Sándor Czomba | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the National Assembly | |
| **In office**
16 May 2006  7 May 2018 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1963-08-14) 14 August 1963
Vásárosnamény, Hungary |
| Political party | Fidesz (since 1998) |
| Spouse(s) | Tünde Nagy (1st)
Dóra Baranyai(2nd) |
| Children | Gábor
Gergely
Kitti |
| Profession | politician, engineer |
|  | |


title: Sára Kousková

abstract: Sára Kousková is a Czech professional golfer and Ladies European Tour player. In 2021 she won the Amundi Czech Ladies Challenge to become the first Czech amateur to win a professional event. In October 2022 she continued creating Czech golf history with first ever Czech female win of the LET Access Series Order of Merit.

text:
# Sára Kousková

**Sára Kousková** (born 2 July 1999) is a Czech professional golfer and Ladies European Tour player. In 2021 she won the Amundi Czech Ladies Challenge to become the first Czech amateur to win a professional event. In October 2022 she continued creating Czech golf history with first ever Czech female win of the LET Access Series Order of Merit.

## Early life and amateur career

Kousková was born in Prague and began playing golf when she was five years old. At six, she won her first tournament at a pitch and putt course. She became a member of the Czech National Team in 2013, and became the top-ranked U18 golfer in the Czech Republic. She has represented her country at the European Girls' Team Championship four times, securing a fourth-place finish in 2016. She has also played in four European Ladies' Team Championships, and at the 2018 Espirito Santo Trophy in Ireland.

In 2015, she won the Austrian International Ladies Amateur and was runner-up at the Czech International Ladies Amateur Championship. She finished in the top-10 at the European Ladies Amateur Championship in 2017, 2018 and 2020, and she advanced to the quarterfinals at the Ladies' British Open Amateur Championship in 2017, 2018 and 2019. She competed at the 2022 Augusta National Women's Amateur.

In 2018, Kousková enrolled at the University of Texas at Austin and joined the Texas Longhorns women's golf team. As a junior, she won the Arizona Wildcat Invitational and helped the Longhorns advance to the quarterfinals and a tie for fifth place at the NCAA Championships.

In 2021, Kousková won the Amundi Czech Ladies Challenge. She made history as she became the first ever Czech player to win a LET Access Series event and the first Czech amateur to win a professional event.

Kousková finished sixth at the Ladies European Tour Q-School to earn a full card for 2022. However, despite securing status on the LET, Kousková decided not to take up membership and instead finish her education in Texas and complete her final NCAA season.

## Professional career

Kousková turned professional in May 2022 and almost defended her title at the Amundi Czech Ladies Challenge in her first professional start, finishing runner up behind Chiara Noja.

At the Santander Golf Tour Málaga in July 2022, she started the final day four shots behind the leader Virginia Elena Carta of Italy and produced a final score of 67 to win by one stroke over Carta, and seal her second victory on the LET Access Series.

In September 2022, she won two LET Access Series tournaments back-to-back in Sweden (Elite Hotels Open) and Switzerland (ASGI Lavaux Ladies Open).

In October 2022, she became a first ever Czech female golfer to win the Order of Merit title of one of the world's professional tours. In addition to winning the LETAS Order of Merit, she was also named Rookie of the Year, and topped the LETAS Money List.

## Amateur wins

* 2014 Czech Amateur Tour 1
* 2015 Austrian International Amateur
* 2016 IMG Academy Junior World Championship, Slovak Amateur Championship
* 2018 Czech International Junior U18 & 21 Championship
* 2020 Czech Amateur Tour 2, Czech International Junior U18 and 21 Championship
* 2021 Arizona Wildcat Invitational

Source:

## Professional wins (4)

### LET Access Series wins (4)

| No. | Date | Tournament | Winning score | To par | Margin of
victory | Runner-up |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 5 Jun 2021 | Amundi Czech Ladies Challenge
(as an amateur) | 64-67-71=202 | −14 | 8 strokes | Nina Pegova |
| 2 | 23 Jul 2022 | Santander Golf Tour Málaga | 74-70-67=211 | −5 | 1 stroke | Virginia Elena Carta |
| 3 | 2 Sep 2022 | Elite Hotels Open | 65-67-66=198 | −12 | 3 strokes | Vanessa Knecht (a) |
| 4 | 16 Sep 2022 | ASGI Lavaux Ladies Open | 70-67-67=204 | −12 | 4 strokes | Helen Briem (a) |

## Team appearances

Amateur

## InfoBox

| Sára Kousková | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Personal information | |
| **Born** | (1999-07-02) 2 July 1999
Prague, Czech Republic |
| **Sporting nationality** | Czech Republic |
| Career | |
| **College** | University of Texas at Austin |
| **Turned professional** | 2022 |
| **Current tour(s)** | Ladies European Tour |
| **Professional wins** | 4 |
| Achievements and awards | |
| Edith Cummings Munson Golf Award 2021  LET Access Series Order of Merit winner 2022  LET Access Series Rookie of the Year 2022 | |


title: T-47D

abstract: T-47D is a human breast cancer cell line commonly used in biomedical research involving the hormonal expression of cancer cells.

text:
# T-47D

**T-47D** is a human breast cancer cell line commonly used in biomedical research involving the hormonal expression of cancer cells.

## Characteristics

The cells were derived from the pleural effusion of a ductal carcinoma found in the mammary gland of an elderly human patient. T-47D cells are distinct from other human breast cancer cells in that their progesterone receptors are not regulated by estradiol, a hormone that is abundant within the cells themselves.

## Usage

T-47D cells have been employed in studies of the effects of progesterone on breast cancer and the corresponding transcriptional regulation caused by introduced drugs. T-47D cells can be implanted into immunodeficient mice, forming xenografts that can undergo drug testing with corresponding receptor status and angiogenesis changes. The cells have been noted to be extremely resistant to estrogens and antiestrogens, possibly due to inhibition by 5-bromodeoxyuridine and sodium butyrate.


title: Sérgio Leite

abstract: Sérgio Barbosa Dias Leite is a Portuguese retired footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

text:
# Sérgio Leite

**Sérgio Barbosa Dias Leite** (born 16 August 1979) is a Portuguese retired footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

## Club career

After emerging from local Boavista FC's youth ranks, Porto-born Leite found it hard to find a spot in the first team, barred by William Andem first then Ricardo. He went on to serve four loans in the second division, in representation of F.C. Maia, S.C. Espinho, F.C. Penafiel and Leça FC.

Definitely released in 2003, Leite then had two unassuming spells in England, first with Charlton Athletic which also loaned him to A.D. Ovarense back in his country, then with Hull City. With the latter team until February 2006, he only had one Football League Cup appearance to his credit.

Leite spent 2006–07 with two Romanian sides, appearing only once in Liga I with FC Vaslui, then spent the following season in Cyprus with lowly Atromitos Yeroskipou. In the summer of 2008 he returned to Boavista, immersed in a deep financial crisis and now in the second level (soon to be third).

For the 2009–10 campaign, Leite moved sides again, joining Gondomar S.C. – also in division three – a club to which former Boavista chairman Valentim Loureiro also had connections. He left in June 2011 at the age of 32 and retired shortly after, subsequently working as a players' agent.

## Honours

**Individual**

## InfoBox

Sérgio Leite
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Sérgio Barbosa Dias Leite | | |
| Date of birth | (1979-08-16) 16 August 1979 | | |
| Place of birth | Porto, Portugal | | |
| Height | 1.80 m (5 ft 11 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Goalkeeper | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| 1989–1990 | Lapa | | |
| 1990–1998 | Boavista | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1998–2003 | Boavista | 0 | (0) |
| 1999–2000 | Maia (loan) | 7 | (0) |
| 2000–2001 | Espinho (loan) | 31 | (0) |
| 2001–2002 | Penafiel (loan) | 16 | (0) |
| 2003 | Leça (loan) | 14 | (0) |
| 2003–2005 | Charlton Athletic | 0 | (0) |
| 2004–2005 | Ovarense (loan) | 25 | (0) |
| 2005–2006 | Hull City | 0 | (0) |
| 2006 | Vaslui | 1 | (0) |
| 2007 | Braşov | 15 | (0) |
| 2007–2008 | Atromitos | 25 | (0) |
| 2008–2009 | Boavista | 22 | (0) |
| 2009–2011 | Gondomar | 47 | (0) |
| Total |  | **203** | **(0)** |
| International career | | | |
| 1995 | Portugal U15 | 4 | (0) |
| 1996 | Portugal U16 | 11 | (0) |
| 1997 | Portugal U17 | 2 | (0) |
| 1996–1998 | Portugal U18 | 24 | (0) |
| 1998–2000 | Portugal U20 | 16 | (0) |
| 2000–2002 | Portugal U21 | 24 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Syzygium forte

abstract: Syzygium forte, commonly known as flaky-barked satinash, white apple or brown satinash, is a tree in the family Myrtaceae native to New Guinea and northern Australia.

text:
# Syzygium forte

***Syzygium forte***, commonly known as **flaky-barked satinash**, **white apple** or **brown satinash**, is a tree in the family Myrtaceae native to New Guinea and northern Australia.

## Description

*Syzygium forte* typically grows up to 25 metres (82 ft) in height in its native habitat, with reddish brown or pinkish, flakey bark. The leaves are arranged in opposite pairs on the twigs and are mid green in colour, paler below. They are somewhat leathery and have revolute margins. The leaf lamina measure up to 14 by 8 centimetres (5.5 by 3.1 in) with a thick and pale mid-rib. Those of subspecies *S. f. forte* are usually orbicular to obovate, while those of subspecies *S. f. potamophilum* can be narrowly ovate, elliptic or lanceolate.

Flowering occurs between September and January. The much-branched inflorescence terminates the leafy twigs in subspecies *S. f. forte*, and are produced below the leaves or inside the crown in subspecies *S. f. potamophilum*. The white flowers form in dense clusters with multiple white stamens.

The fruits are a globular white berry up to 6 centimetres (2 in) diameter, containing a single large seed.

## Taxonomy

This species was first formally described as *Eugenia fortis* by the German born Australian botanist Ferdinand von Mueller in 1865 as part of his massive work *Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae*. In 1983 the species was reclassified by Bernie Hyland in his paper *A revision of Syzygium and allied genera (Myrtaceae) in Australia.*, which was published in the *Australian Journal of Botany Supplementary Series*.

### Infraspecies

As of November 2022 there are two recognised subspecies, as follows:

* *Syzygium forte* subsp. *forte* (F.Muell.) B.Hyland.
* *Syzygium forte* subsp. *potamophilum* B.Hyland.

### Etymology

The genus name *Syzygium* was coined by Joseph Gaertner in 1788, and is taken from the Greek word *syzgos*, meaning "jointed" and is a reference to the paired leaves displayed by members of the genus. The species epithet *forte* is from the Latin *fortis* meaning 'strong'.

## Distribution and habitat

*Syzygium forte* is native to New Guinea and the northern parts of Western Australia, the Northern Territory and Queensland in Australia. The subspecies *S.f. potamophilum* is found in all three states, and is the only species found in Western Australia. It is thought to be endemic to Australia. The other, *S.f. forte*, is found in the Northern Territory, Queensland and New Guinea.

It prefers sandy soils and is both cyclone resistant and salt tolerant. As a result it is commonly found in beach forests and rocky headlands, but is also found in rainforests to an altitude of around 450 metres (1,480 ft).

In Western Australia this species is found in gallery forest along watercourses in the Kimberley region, where it grows in sandstone soils up to 200 metres (660 ft) above sea level.

## Ecology

The fruit are eaten by cassowaries and fruit bats. The flowers attract many species of birds and insects.

## Cultivation and uses

Indigenous Australians ate the fruit and used the leaves as a fish poison.

This species is too large for most private gardens but is useful as a park and street tree. The Cairns Regional Council has planted well over 400 of both subspecies combined throughout the city and suburbs.

The tree sometimes produces timber worth milling, with a density of approximately 0.69 to 0.96 kg/L.

## InfoBox

| Flakey-barked satinash | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| A street planting in
Edge Hill, Queensland | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Least Concern (NCA) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Myrtales |
| Family: | Myrtaceae |
| Genus: | *Syzygium* |
| Species: | ***S. forte*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Syzygium forte***
(F. Muell.) B.Hyland | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Eugenia fortis* * *Syzygium rubiginosum* | |


title: TAF5

abstract: Transcription initiation factor TFIID subunit 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TAF5 gene.

text:
# TAF5

**Transcription initiation factor TFIID subunit 5** is a protein that in humans is encoded by the *TAF5* gene.

## Function

Initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase II requires the activities of more than 70 polypeptides. The protein that coordinates these activities is transcription factor IID (TFIID), which binds to the core promoter to position the polymerase properly, serves as the scaffold for assembly of the remainder of the transcription complex, and acts as a channel for regulatory signals. TFIID is composed of the TATA-binding protein (TBP) and a group of evolutionarily conserved proteins known as TBP-associated factors or TAFs. TAFs may participate in basal transcription, serve as coactivators, function in promoter recognition or modify general transcription factors (GTFs) to facilitate complex assembly and transcription initiation. This gene encodes an integral subunit of TFIID associated with all transcriptionally competent forms of that complex. This subunit interacts strongly with two TFIID subunits that show similarity to histones H3 and H4, and it may participate in forming a nucleosome-like core in the TFIID complex.

## Interactions

TAF5 has been shown to interact with:

## Further reading

* Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt: *Q15542* (Transcription initiation factor TFIID subunit 5) at the PDBe-KB.

## InfoBox

| TAF5 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Available structures  PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB | | | |
| Identifiers | | | |
| Aliases | TAF5, TAF2D, TAFII100, TAF(II)100, TAFII-100, TATA-box binding protein associated factor 5 | | |
| External IDs | OMIM: 601787; MGI: 2442144; HomoloGene: 5064; GeneCards: TAF5; OMA:TAF5 - orthologs | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
| Orthologs  Species **Human** **Mouse**  Entrez   Ensembl   UniProt   RefSeq (mRNA)     NM\_006951
NM\_139052   NM\_177342   RefSeq (protein)     NP\_008882
NP\_620640   NP\_796316   Location (UCSC) Chr 10: 103.37 – 103.39 Mb Chr 19: 47.06 – 47.07 Mb  PubMed search | | | |
| Wikidata | | | |
| View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse | | | |


title: Sülze (Werra)

abstract: Sülze is a river of Thuringia, Germany. It flows into the Werra near Untermaßfeld.

text:
# Sülze (Werra)

**Sülze** is a river of Thuringia, Germany. It flows into the Werra near Untermaßfeld.

## InfoBox

| Sülze | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Thuringia |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Mouth |  |
| location | Werra |
| coordinates | 50°32′30″N 10°24′19″E / 50.5418°N 10.4052°E / 50.5418; 10.4052 |
| Basin features | |
| Progression | WerraWeserNorth Sea |


title: Sülzetal

abstract:
Sülzetal is a municipality in the Börde district in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It is situated on the creek Sülze, a tributary of the Elbe, about 10 km (6.2 mi) southwest of Magdeburg. Sülzetal was established on 1 April 2001 by the merger of the former municipalities Altenweddingen, Bahrendorf, Dodendorf, Langenweddingen, Osterweddingen, Schwaneberg, Stemmern and Sülldorf. The Sülze valley is characterized by artesian aquifers, delivering brine (sulza) that had been used for salt production. Seats in the municipal assembly (Gemeinderat) as of 2004 elections:
  - Social Democratic Party of Germany: 8
  - Christian Democratic Union: 6
  - Association of Independent Voters: 2
  - Free Democratic Party: 1
  - Culture and Sports Club Osterweddingen: 1
  - Free Voters Schwaneberg: 1
  - The Left: 1 The first documentation of a settlement in the area dates back to 937 with the mention of Osterweddingen and Sülldorf. The village of Langenweddingen and Dodendorf were mentioned in 946 and 978 respectively as a possession of Saint Maurice's Abbey at Magdeburg. On 5 May 1809 the churchyard of Saint Christopherus at Dodendorf was the site of an attack by Prussian freikorps troops under Ferdinand von Schill and Ludwig Adolf Wilhelm von Lützow against the army of Napoleonic Westphalia. Lützow was severely wounded and had to face a court-martial for his arbitrary act. The villages of Dodendorf, Osterweddingen and Langenweddingen have access to the railway line from Magdeburg to Thale, served by the Veolia Verkehr company since 2005. On 6 July 1967 the level crossing at Langenweddingen was the scene of one of the worst train accidents in Germany, when a bilevel train hit a tanker truck, resulting in an explosion that killed 94 people, many of them children on their way to a summer camp in the Harz mountains. The letter processing center for the greater Magdeburg area is located in Sülzetal.

text:
# Sülzetal

**Sülzetal** is a municipality in the Börde district in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It is situated on the creek Sülze, a tributary of the Elbe, about 10 km (6.2 mi) southwest of Magdeburg. Sülzetal was established on 1 April 2001 by the merger of the former municipalities *Altenweddingen, Bahrendorf, Dodendorf, Langenweddingen, Osterweddingen, Schwaneberg, Stemmern* and *Sülldorf*. The Sülze valley is characterized by artesian aquifers, delivering brine *(sulza)* that had been used for salt production.

Seats in the municipal assembly *(Gemeinderat)* as of 2004 elections:

The first documentation of a settlement in the area dates back to 937 with the mention of Osterweddingen and Sülldorf. The village of Langenweddingen and Dodendorf were mentioned in 946 and 978 respectively as a possession of Saint Maurice's Abbey at Magdeburg. On 5 May 1809 the churchyard of Saint Christopherus at Dodendorf was the site of an attack by Prussian freikorps troops under Ferdinand von Schill and Ludwig Adolf Wilhelm von Lützow against the army of Napoleonic Westphalia. Lützow was severely wounded and had to face a court-martial for his arbitrary act.

The villages of Dodendorf, Osterweddingen and Langenweddingen have access to the railway line from Magdeburg to Thale, served by the Veolia Verkehr company since 2005. On 6 July 1967 the level crossing at Langenweddingen was the scene of one of the worst train accidents in Germany, when a bilevel train hit a tanker truck, resulting in an explosion that killed 94 people, many of them children on their way to a summer camp in the Harz mountains.

The letter processing center for the greater Magdeburg area is located in Sülzetal.

## Notable people

## InfoBox

| Sülzetal | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
|  | |
| Location of Sülzetal within Börde district | |
| Sülzetal Sülzetal | |
| Coordinates: 52°0′0″N 11°31′47″E / 52.00000°N 11.52972°E / 52.00000; 11.52972 | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Saxony-Anhalt |
| District | Börde |
| Subdivisions | 8 |
| Government | |
| Mayor (202027) | Jörg-Uwe Methner |
| Area | |
| Total | 103.64 km2 (40.02 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 83 m (272 ft) |
| Population (2022-12-31) | |
| Total | 8,917 |
| Density | 86/km2 (220/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal codes | 39171 |
| Dialling codes | 039205 (Dodendorf 0391) |
| Vehicle registration | BK |
| Website | www.gemeinde-suelzetal.de |


title: TRNA (cytosine38-C5)-methyltransferase

abstract:
TRNA (cytosine38-C5)-methyltransferase is an enzyme with the systematic name S-adenosyl-L-methionine:tRNA (cytosine38-C5)-methyltransferase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction:
  - S-adenosyl-L-methionine + cytosine⁳⁸ in tRNA ⇌ S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + 5-methylcytosine⁳⁸ in tRNA The eukaryotic enzyme catalyses methylation of cytosine⁳⁸ in the anti-codon loop of tRNAAsp(GTC), tRNAVal(AAC) and tRNAGly(GCC).

text:
# TRNA (cytosine38-C5)-methyltransferase

**TRNA (cytosine38-C5)-methyltransferase** (EC 2.1.1.204, *hDNMT2 (gene)*, *DNMT2 (gene)*, *TRDMT1 (gene)*) is an enzyme with the systematic name *S-adenosyl-L-methionine:tRNA (cytosine38-C5)-methyltransferase*. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction:

S-adenosyl-L-methionine \+ cytosine38 in tRNA $\rightleftharpoons $ S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine \+ 5-methylcytosine38 in tRNA

The eukaryotic enzyme catalyses methylation of cytosine38 in the anti-codon loop of tRNAAsp(GTC), tRNAVal(AAC) and tRNAGly(GCC).

## InfoBox

| TRNA (cytosine38-C5)-methyltransferase | |
| --- | --- |
| Identifiers | |
| EC no. | 2.1.1.204 |
| Databases | |
| IntEnz | IntEnz view |
| BRENDA | BRENDA entry |
| ExPASy | NiceZyme view |
| KEGG | KEGG entry |
| MetaCyc | metabolic pathway |
| PRIAM | profile |
| PDB structures | RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum |
| Search  PMC articles  PubMed articles  NCBI proteins | |


title: TRNA (adenine9-N1)-methyltransferase

abstract:
TRNA (adenine⁹-Nⁱ)-methyltransferase is an enzyme with systematic name S-adenosyl-L-methionine:tRNA (adenine⁹-Nⁱ)-methyltransferase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
  - S-adenosyl-L-methionine + adenine⁹ in tRNA ⇌ S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + Nⁱ-methyladenine⁹ in tRNA The enzyme from Sulfolobus acidocaldarius specifically methylates adenine⁹ in tRNA.

text:
# TRNA (adenine9-N1)-methyltransferase

**TRNA (adenine9-N1)-methyltransferase** (EC 2.1.1.218, *Trm10p*, *tRNA(m1G9/m1A9)-methyltransferase*, *tRNA(m1G9/m1A9)MTase*, *TK0422p (gene)*, *tRNA m1A9-methyltransferase*, *tRNA m1A9 Mtase*) is an enzyme with systematic name *S-adenosyl-L-methionine:tRNA (adenine9-N1)-methyltransferase*. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

S-adenosyl-L-methionine \+ adenine9 in tRNA $\rightleftharpoons $ S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine \+ N1-methyladenine9 in tRNA

The enzyme from *Sulfolobus acidocaldarius* specifically methylates adenine9 in tRNA.

## InfoBox

| TRNA (adenine9-N1)-methyltransferase | |
| --- | --- |
| Identifiers | |
| EC no. | 2.1.1.218 |
| Databases | |
| IntEnz | IntEnz view |
| BRENDA | BRENDA entry |
| ExPASy | NiceZyme view |
| KEGG | KEGG entry |
| MetaCyc | metabolic pathway |
| PRIAM | profile |
| PDB structures | RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum |
| Search  PMC articles  PubMed articles  NCBI proteins | |