abstract: The women's 100m butterfly S8 event at the 2008 Summer Paralympics took place at the Beijing National Aquatics Center on 7 September. There were two heats; the swimmers with the eight fastest times advanced to the final.

text:
# Swimming at the 2008 Summer Paralympics – Women's 100 metre butterfly S8

The **women's 100m butterfly S8** event at the 2008 Summer Paralympics took place at the Beijing National Aquatics Center on 7 September. There were two heats; the swimmers with the eight fastest times advanced to the final.

## Results

### Heats

Competed from 10:39.

#### Heat 1

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Chen Zhonglan | China | 1:16.24 | **Q** |
| 2 | Jin Xiaoqin | China | 1:17.26 | **Q** |
| 3 | Immacolata Cerasuolo | Italy | 1:17.50 | **Q** |
| 4 | Anna Vengerovskaya | Russia | 1:22.58 |  |
| 5 | Stefanie Weinberg | Germany | 1:23.48 |  |
| 6 | Valeria Lira | Brazil | 1:32.58 |  |

#### Heat 2

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Amanda Everlove | United States | 1:11.64 | **Q** |
| 2 | Jessica Long | United States | 1:12.54 | **Q** |
| 3 | Lu Weiyuan | China | 1:16.18 | **Q** |
| 4 | Rachael Latham | Great Britain | 1:17.72 | **Q** |
| 5 | Manami Nomura | Japan | 1:21.94 | **Q** |
| 6 | Andrea Cole | Canada | 1:32.78 |  |

### Final

Competed at 19:47.

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Jessica Long | United States | 1:11.96 |  |
|  | Amanda Everlove | United States | 1:12.16 |  |
|  | Jin Xiaoqin | China | 1:15.32 |  |
| 4 | Chen Zhonglan | China | 1:15.76 |  |
| 5 | Lu Weiyuan | China | 1:16.67 |  |
| 6 | Immacolata Cerasuolo | Italy | 1:17.14 |  |
| 7 | Rachael Latham | Great Britain | 1:18.61 |  |
| 8 | Manami Nomura | Japan | 1:20.64 |  |

**Q** = qualified for final.

* "Heats and Final Results - Women's 100m Butterfly S8". International Paralympic Committee. Retrieved 27 September 2012.
* "Schedules & Results - Swimming". The Beijing Organizing Committee for the Games of the XXIX Olympiad. Archived from the original on 30 September 2008. Retrieved 27 September 2012.

## InfoBox

| Women's 100m Butterfly S8<br>at the XIII Paralympic Games | |
| --- | --- |
| Venue | Beijing National Aquatics Center |
| Dates | 7 September |
| Competitors | 12 from 9 nations |
| Winning time | 1:11.96 |
| Medalists | |
| Jessica Long  United States  Amanda Everlove  United States  Jin Xiaoqin  China | |
|


abstract: The women's 100m freestyle S6 event at the 2008 Summer Paralympics took place at the Beijing National Aquatics Center on 8 September. There were two heats; the swimmers with the eight fastest times advanced to the final.

text:
# Swimming at the 2008 Summer Paralympics – Women's 100 metre freestyle S6

The **women's 100m freestyle S6** event at the 2008 Summer Paralympics took place at the Beijing National Aquatics Center on 8 September. There were two heats; the swimmers with the eight fastest times advanced to the final.

## Results

### Heats

Competed from 09:20.

#### Heat 1

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Eleanor Simmonds | Great Britain | 1:21.86 | **Q** |
| 2 | Natalie Jones | Great Britain | 1:23.43 | **Q** |
| 3 | Erika Nara | Japan | 1:25.17 | **Q** |
| 4 | Mhairi Love | Great Britain | 1:29.76 |  |
| 5 | Sarah Rose | Australia | 1:30.31 |  |

#### Heat 2

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Mirjam de Koning-Peper | Netherlands | 1:18.56 | **Q** |
| 2 | Doramitzi Gonzalez | Mexico | 1:23.37 | **Q** |
| 3 | Maria Goetze | Germany | 1:23.40 | **Q** |
| 4 | Miranda Uhl | United States | 1:23.73 | **Q** |
| 5 | Casey Johnson | United States | 1:27.75 | **Q** |
| 6 | Luo Alice Hsiao Hung | Chinese Taipei | 1:33.64 |  |

### Final

Competed at 17:15.

| Rank | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Eleanor Simmonds | Great Britain | 1:18.75 |  |
|  | Mirjam de Koning-Peper | Netherlands | 1:19.29 |  |
|  | Doramitzi Gonzalez | Mexico | 1:19.36 |  |
| 4 | Maria Goetze | Germany | 1:19.53 |  |
| 5 | Natalie Jones | Great Britain | 1:21.53 |  |
| 6 | Erika Nara | Japan | 1:21.81 |  |
| 7 | Miranda Uhl | United States | 1:22.22 |  |
| 8 | Casey Johnson | United States | 1:26.42 |  |

**Q** = qualified for final.

* "Heats and Final Results - Women's 100m Freestyle S6". International Paralympic Committee. Retrieved 21 September 2012.
* "Schedules & Results - Swimming". The Beijing Organizing Committee for the Games of the XXIX Olympiad. Archived from the original on 30 September 2008. Retrieved 21 September 2012.

## InfoBox

| Women's 100m Freestyle S6<br>at the XIII Paralympic Games | |
| --- | --- |
| Venue | Beijing National Aquatics Center |
| Dates | 8 September |
| Competitors | 11 from 8 nations |
| Winning time | 1:18.75 |
| Medalists | |
| Eleanor Simmonds  Great Britain  Mirjam de Koning-Peper  Netherlands  Doramitzi Gonzalez  Mexico | |
|


# Swimming at the 2006 Commonwealth Games – Men's 200 metre butterfly

## Men's 200 m Butterfly - Final

| Pos. | Lane | Athlete | R.T. | 50 m | 100 m | 150 m | 200 m | Tbh. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 5 | Moss Burmester (NZL) | 0.79 | 25.92
25.92 | 56.02
30.10 | 1:26.12
30.10 | **1:56.64** (GR)
30.52 |  |
|  | 4 | Travis Nederpelt (AUS) | 0.83 | 26.74
26.74 | 56.94
30.20 | 1:27.16
30.22 | **1:57.26**
30.10 | 0.62 |
|  | 6 | Joshua Krogh (AUS) | 0.79 | 26.60
26.60 | 56.78
30.18 | 1:27.59
30.81 | **1:59.18**
31.59 | 2.54 |
| 4 | 3 | Jeremy Knowles (BAH) | 0.73 | 26.65
26.65 | 56.73
30.08 | 1:27.40
30.67 | **1:59.37**
31.97 | 2.73 |
| 5 | 2 | Andrew McMillan (NZL) | 0.75 | 27.04
27.04 | 57.50
30.46 | 1:28.56
31.06 | **2:00.61**
32.05 | 3.97 |
| 6 | 8 | Matthew Bowe (ENG) | 0.94 | 27.19
27.19 | 57.99
30.80 | 1:29.82
31.83 | **2:00.62**
30.80 | 3.98 |
| 7 | 7 | Andrew Richards (AUS) | 0.61 | 26.24
26.24 | 56.68
30.44 | 1:28.81
32.13 | **2:01.64**
32.83 | 5.00 |
| 8 | 1 | Ian Powell (GUE) | 0.73 | 27.64
27.64 | 58.87
31.23 | 1:29.95
31.08 | **2:02.11**
32.16 | 5.47 |
|

## Men's 200 m Butterfly - Heats

### Men's 200 m Butterfly - Heat 01

| Pos. | Lane | Athlete | R.T. | 50 m | 100 m | 150 m | 200 m | Tbh. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 5 | Jeremy Knowles (BAH) | 0.73 | 27.01
27.01 | 57.14
30.13 | 1:28.23
31.09 | **2:00.17**
31.94 |  |
| 2 | 4 | Joshua Krogh (AUS) | 0.73 | 26.67
26.67 | 57.05
30.38 | 1:28.31
31.26 | **2:00.53**
32.22 | 0.36 |
| 3 | 3 | Ian Powell (GUE) | 0.71 | 27.53
27.53 | 58.58
31.05 | 1:29.78
31.20 | **2:02.26**
32.48 | 2.09 |
| 4 | 6 | Rehan Poncha (IND) | 0.99 | 28.54
28.54 | 1:00.33
31.79 | 1:33.70
33.37 | **2:08.72**
35.02 | 8.55 |
| 5 | 2 | Shirong Su (SIN) | 0.79 | 28.65
28.65 | 1:01.92
33.27 | 1:36.67
34.75 | **2:12.55**
35.88 | 12.38 |
|

### Men's 200 m Butterfly - Heat 02

| Pos. | Lane | Athlete | R.T. | 50 m | 100 m | 150 m | 200 m | Tbh. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 4 | Moss Burmester (NZL) | 0.77 | 26.22
26.22 | 56.50
30.28 | 1:27.64
31.14 | **1:59.87**
32.23 |  |
| 2 | 5 | Matthew Bowe (ENG) | 0.92 | 26.37
26.37 | 56.64
30.27 | 1:28.27
31.63 | **2:02.34**
34.07 | 2.47 |
| 3 | 3 | Shaune Fraser (CAY) | 0.74 | 27.30
27.30 | 58.10
30.80 | 1:29.60
31.50 | **2:02.81**
33.21 | 2.94 |
| 4 | 2 | Thomas Hollingsworth (GUE) | 0.86 | 28.13
28.13 | 1:00.09
31.96 | 1:33.35
33.26 | **2:06.89**
33.54 | 7.02 |
| 5 | 6 | Cheng Xun Ng (SIN) | 0.61 | 28.26
28.26 | 1:00.74
32.48 | 1:33.94
33.20 | **2:08.29**
34.35 | 8.42 |
| 6 | 7 | Bertrand Bristol (SEY) | 0.70 | 28.28
28.28 | 1:00.84
32.56 | 1:35.54
34.70 | **2:12.86**
37.32 | 12.99 |
|

### Men's 200 m Butterfly - Heat 03

| Pos. | Lane | Athlete | R.T. | 50 m | 100 m | 150 m | 200 m | Tbh. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 4 | Travis Nederpelt (AUS) | 0.81 | 26.65
26.65 | 56.48
29.83 | 1:26.70
30.22 | **1:57.36**
30.66 |  |
| 2 | 3 | Andrew McMillan (NZL) | 0.76 | 27.03
27.03 | 57.65
30.62 | 1:29.07
31.42 | **2:00.70**
31.63 | 3.34 |
| 3 | 5 | Andrew Richards (AUS) | 0.65 | 26.50
26.50 | 57.21
30.71 | 1:28.76
31.55 | **2:00.79**
32.03 | 3.43 |
| 4 | 2 | Simon Le Couilliard (JER) | 0.79 | 26.96
26.96 | 58.58
31.62 | 1:31.08
32.50 | **2:04.49**
33.41 | 7.13 |
| 5 | 6 | Arjun Muralidharan (IND) | 0.92 | 27.45
27.45 | 58.61
31.16 | 1:31.41
32.80 | **2:06.58**
35.17 | 9.22 |
| 6 | 7 | Ben Lowndes (GUE) | 0.82 | 27.97
27.97 | 1:00.27
32.30 | 1:34.21
33.94 | **2:13.89**
39.68 | 16.53 |
|


title: Sveti Đurađ, Osijek-Baranja County

abstract: Sveti Đurađ is a village in Croatia. It is connected by the D34 highway.

text:
# Sveti Đurađ, Osijek-Baranja County

**Sveti Đurađ** is a village in Croatia. It is connected by the D34 highway.

## InfoBox

| Sveti Đurađ | |
| --- | --- |
| Village (Selo) | |
| Sveti Đurađ | |
| Coordinates: 45°44′25″N 18°14′30″E / 45.74028°N 18.24167°E / 45.74028; 18.24167 | |
| Country | Croatia |
| County | Osijek-Baranja |
| Municipality | Donji Miholjac |
| Area | |
| Total | 16.8 km2 (6.5 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | |
| Total | 704 |
| Density | 42/km2 (110/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


abstract: The men's 50 metre freestyle event in swimming at the 2013 World Aquatics Championships took place on 2–3 August at the Palau Sant Jordi in Barcelona, Spain.

text:
# Swimming at the 2013 World Aquatics Championships – Men's 50 metre freestyle

The **men's 50 metre freestyle** event in swimming at the 2013 World Aquatics Championships took place on 2–3 August at the Palau Sant Jordi in Barcelona, Spain.

## Records

Prior to this competition, the existing world and championship records were:

| World record | César Cielo (BRA) | **20.91** | São Paulo, Brazil | 18 December 2009 |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Competition record | César Cielo (BRA) | **21.08** | Rome, Italy | 1 August 2009 |  |

## Results

### Heats

The heats were held at 10:00.

| Rank | Heat | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 11 | 4 | Florent Manaudou | France | 21.72 | Q |
| 2 | 11 | 5 | César Cielo | Brazil | 21.76 | Q |
| 3 | 9 | 7 | Andriy Govorov | Ukraine | 21.80 | Q, **NR** |
| 4 | 9 | 6 | Matthew Abood | Australia | 21.84 | Q |
| 5 | 10 | 5 | Anthony Ervin | United States | 21.87 | Q |
| 6 | 10 | 4 | Nathan Adrian | United States | 21.88 | Q |
| 7 | 9 | 5 | Vladimir Morozov | Russia | 21.95 | Q |
| 8 | 11 | 6 | Marcelo Chierighini | Brazil | 22.01 | Q |
| 8 | 11 | 7 | Krisztián Takács | Hungary | 22.01 | Q |
| 10 | 10 | 7 | Shinri Shioura | Japan | 22.02 | Q, **NR** |
| 11 | 9 | 4 | James Magnussen | Australia | 22.04 | Q |
| 11 | 9 | 3 | Roland Schoeman | South Africa | 22.04 | Q |
| 13 | 1 | 1 | Andrey Grechin | Russia | 22.08 | Q |
| 14 | 10 | 3 | George Bovell | Trinidad and Tobago | 22.09 | Q |
| 15 | 11 | 3 | Frédérick Bousquet | France | 22.11 | Q |
| 16 | 10 | 8 | Norbert Trandafir | Romania | 22.25 | Q |
| 17 | 10 | 6 | Adam Brown | Great Britain | 22.30 |  |
| 18 | 9 | 2 | Benjamin Proud | Great Britain | 22.31 |  |
| 19 | 9 | 8 | Ari-Pekka Liukkonen | Finland | 22.38 |  |
| 20 | 10 | 9 | Oussama Sahnoune | Algeria | 22.41 |  |
| 21 | 11 | 2 | Luca Dotto | Italy | 22.45 |  |
| 22 | 8 | 7 | Yang Jung-Doo | South Korea | 22.48 | **NR** |
| 23 | 10 | 2 | Marco Orsi | Italy | 22.61 |  |
| 24 | 11 | 1 | Kristian Golomeev | Greece | 22.62 |  |
| 25 | 9 | 9 | Christoph Fildebrandt | Germany | 22.64 |  |
| 26 | 7 | 5 | Mindaugas Sadauskas | Lithuania | 22.69 |  |
| 27 | 7 | 6 | Tomáš Plevko | Czech Republic | 22.71 | **NR** |
| 28 | 10 | 1 | Kenta Ito | Japan | 22.77 |  |
| 29 | 11 | 0 | Hanser García | Cuba | 22.78 |  |
| 29 | 8 | 4 | Sebastiaan Verschuren | Netherlands | 22.78 |  |
| 31 | 8 | 9 | Boris Stojanović | Serbia | 22.81 |  |
| 32 | 7 | 3 | Pjotr Degtjarjov | Estonia | 22.84 |  |
| 33 | 10 | 0 | Yoris Grandjean | Belgium | 22.85 |  |
| 34 | 8 | 5 | Doğa Çelik | Turkey | 22.89 |  |
| 35 | 7 | 7 | Oliver Elliot | Chile | 22.90 |  |
| 35 | 7 | 0 | Geoffrey Cheah | Hong Kong | 22.90 |  |
| 37 | 9 | 0 | Roy-Allan Burch | Bermuda | 22.93 |  |
| 38 | 7 | 2 | Elvis Burrows | Bahamas | 22.98 |  |
| 39 | 8 | 3 | Christopher Manning | Canada | 22.99 |  |
| 40 | 8 | 1 | Federico Grabich | Argentina | 23.00 |  |
| 41 | 7 | 4 | Alejandro Escudero | Mexico | 23.07 |  |
| 42 | 8 | 6 | Gabriel Melconian Alvez | Uruguay | 23.11 |  |
| 43 | 8 | 2 | Barry Murphy | Ireland | 23.13 |  |
| 44 | 7 | 8 | Triady Fauzi Sidiq | Indonesia | 23.14 |  |
| 45 | 6 | 6 | Sean Gunn | Zimbabwe | 23.25 | **NR** |
| 46 | 8 | 8 | Mohammad Madwa | Kuwait | 23.34 | **NR** |
| 47 | 6 | 7 | Anthony Clark | French Polynesia | 23.47 | **NR** |
| 47 | 6 | 8 | Allan Gutiérrez Castro | Honduras | 23.47 |  |
| 49 | 7 | 1 | Shehab Younis | Egypt | 23.49 |  |
| 50 | 6 | 9 | Vahan Mkhitaryan | Armenia | 23.58 |  |
| 51 | 11 | 9 | Lü Zhiwu | China | 23.64 |  |
| 52 | 1 | 4 | Bradley Vincent | Mauritius | 23.82 |  |
| 53 | 6 | 5 | Arsham Mirzaei | Iran | 24.00 |  |
| 54 | 8 | 0 | Virdhawal Khade | India | 24.07 |  |
| 55 | 5 | 5 | Mehdi El Hazzaz | Morocco | 24.10 |  |
| 56 | 6 | 2 | Matthew Zammit | Malta | 24.11 |  |
| 57 | 5 | 3 | Joshua Daniel | Saint Lucia | 24.16 |  |
| 58 | 5 | 6 | Rodrigo Suriano | El Salvador | 24.32 |  |
| 59 | 2 | 1 | Mahfizur Rahman Sagor | Bangladesh | 24.39 |  |
| 60 | 5 | 8 | Ahmad Attellesey | Libya | 24.45 |  |
| 61 | 6 | 1 | Davit Sikharulidze | Georgia | 24.49 |  |
| 62 | 6 | 0 | Sebastián Jahnsen Madico | Peru | 24.54 |  |
| 63 | 6 | 4 | Lei Cheok Fong | Macau | 24.55 |  |
| 64 | 5 | 2 | Adrian Todd | Botswana | 24.65 |  |
| 65 | 7 | 9 | Kirill Vais | Kyrgyzstan | 24.69 |  |
| 66 | 4 | 4 | Christopher Duenas | Guam | 25.00 |  |
| 67 | 5 | 7 | Ahmed Al-Dulaimi | Iraq | 25.32 |  |
| 68 | 5 | 0 | Niall Roberts | Guyana | 25.33 |  |
| 69 | 4 | 3 | Farhan Sultan | Bahrain | 25.39 |  |
| 70 | 4 | 9 | Kwaku Addo | Ghana | 25.47 |  |
| 71 | 4 | 5 | Christian Nikles | Brunei | 25.52 |  |
| 72 | 5 | 9 | Valdo Lourenco | Mozambique | 25.58 |  |
| 73 | 4 | 1 | Chris Regis | Grenada | 25.61 |  |
| 74 | 4 | 2 | Hilal Hemed Hilal | Tanzania | 25.64 |  |
| 75 | 4 | 6 | Suleyman Atayev | Turkmenistan | 25.81 |  |
| 76 | 5 | 4 | Mohammad Abdo | Palestine | 25.85 |  |
| 77 | 1 | 7 | Derek Dainard | Micronesia | 25.99 |  |
| 78 | 3 | 5 | J'Air Smith | Antigua and Barbuda | 26.04 |  |
| 79 | 3 | 5 | Giordan Harris | Marshall Islands | 26.41 |  |
| 79 | 4 | 8 | Pierre Tano | Ivory Coast | 26.41 |  |
| 81 | 2 | 0 | Ahmed Borhane | Djibouti | 26.92 |  |
| 82 | 3 | 4 | Folarin Ogunsola | Gambia | 26.93 |  |
| 83 | 3 | 3 | Umarkhon Alizoda | Tajikistan | 27.14 |  |
| 84 | 3 | 1 | Patrick Rukundo | Rwanda | 27.27 |  |
| 85 | 9 | 1 | Hem Thon Ponleu | Cambodia | 27.34 |  |
| 86 | 2 | 3 | Ibrahima Ela Camara | Guinea | 27.46 |  |
| 86 | 3 | 7 | Soulasen Phommasen | Laos | 27.46 |  |
| 88 | 3 | 8 | Robel Kiros Habte | Ethiopia | 27.48 |  |
| 89 | 2 | 9 | Adnan Mohamed Muthasim | Maldives | 27.53 |  |
| 90 | 2 | 5 | Nikolas Sylvester | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 28.25 |  |
| 91 | 4 | 7 | Osman Kamara | Sierra Leone | 28.30 |  |
| 92 | 3 | 0 | Shawn Dingilius | Palau | 28.38 |  |
| 93 | 4 | 0 | Arnold Kisulo | Uganda | 28.41 |  |
| 94 | 2 | 2 | Carmel Bavuna | Burundi | 28.42 |  |
| 95 | 3 | 2 | Miraj Prajapati | Nepal | 28.74 |  |
| 96 | 3 | 9 | Yousef Al-Nehmi | Yemen | 28.75 |  |
| 97 | 2 | 4 | Abdelrahim Mohamed Abdelrahim | Sudan | 28.78 |  |
| 98 | 2 | 6 | Wilfried Tevoedjre | Benin | 29.00 |  |
| 99 | 2 | 7 | Moctar Albachir | Niger | 29.05 |  |
| 100 | 11 | 8 | Moise Ngondo | DR Congo | 29.08 |  |
| 101 | 1 | 2 | Christian Nassif | Central African Republic | 29.79 |  |
| 102 | 1 | 6 | Emeric Kpegba | Togo | 30.54 |  |
| 103 | 1 | 5 | Tarnagda Hamadou | Burkina Faso | 31.10 |  |
| 104 | 1 | 3 | Boubou Togo | Mali | 31.78 |  |
| 105 | 2 | 8 | Kurt Oniange | Congo | 33.15 |  |
|  | 5 | 1 | Yellow Yeiyah | Nigeria |  | DSQ |
|  | 6 | 3 | Omiros Zagkas | Cyprus |  | DNS |

### Semifinals

The semifinals were held at 18:38.

#### Semifinal 1

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 3 | Nathan Adrian | United States | 21.60 | Q |
| 1 | 4 | César Cielo | Brazil | 21.60 | Q |
| 3 | 7 | Roland Schoeman | South Africa | 21.67 | Q, **=AF** |
| 4 | 1 | George Bovell | Trinidad and Tobago | 21.74 | Q |
| 5 | 6 | Marcelo Chierighini | Brazil | 21.84 |  |
| 6 | 5 | Matthew Abood | Australia | 21.91 |  |
| 7 | 8 | Norbert Trandafir | Romania | 21.98 | **NR** |
| 8 | 2 | Shinri Shioura | Japan | 22.04 |  |

#### Semifinal 2

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 4 | Florent Manaudou | France | 21.37 | Q |
| 2 | 3 | Anthony Ervin | United States | 21.42 | Q |
| 3 | 8 | Frédérick Bousquet | France | 21.62 | Q |
| 4 | 6 | Vladimir Morozov | Russia | 21.63 | Q, **NR** |
| 5 | 7 | James Magnussen | Australia | 21.79 |  |
| 6 | 5 | Andriy Govorov | Ukraine | 21.96 |  |
| 7 | 1 | Andrey Grechin | Russia | 22.00 |  |
| 8 | 2 | Krisztián Takács | Hungary | 22.28 |  |

### Final

The final was held at 18:09.

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 6 | César Cielo | Brazil | 21.32 |  |
|  | 7 | Vladimir Morozov | Russia | 21.47 | **NR** |
|  | 8 | George Bovell | Trinidad and Tobago | 21.51 |  |
| 4 | 3 | Nathan Adrian | United States | 21.60 |  |
| 5 | 4 | Florent Manaudou | France | 21.64 |  |
| 6 | 5 | Anthony Ervin | United States | 21.65 |  |
| 7 | 1 | Roland Schoeman | South Africa | 21.85 |  |
| 8 | 2 | Frédérick Bousquet | France | 21.93 |  |

## InfoBox

| Men's 50 metre freestyle
at the 2013 World Aquatics Championships | |
| --- | --- |
| Venue | Palau Sant Jordi |
| Dates | August 2, 2013 (heats &
semifinals)
August 3, 2013 (final) |
| Competitors | 106 from 98 nations |
| Winning time | 21.32 |
| Medalists | |
| Brazil  Russia  Trinidad and Tobago | |
|


abstract: The men's 800 metre freestyle event in swimming at the 2013 World Aquatics Championships took place on 30–31 July at the Palau Sant Jordi in Barcelona, Spain.

text:
# Swimming at the 2013 World Aquatics Championships – Men's 800 metre freestyle

The **men's 800 metre freestyle** event in swimming at the 2013 World Aquatics Championships took place on 30–31 July at the Palau Sant Jordi in Barcelona, Spain.

## Records

Prior to this competition, the existing world and championship records were:

| World record | Zhang Lin (CHN) | **7:32.12** | Rome, Italy | 29 July 2009 |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Competition record | Zhang Lin (CHN) | **7:32.12** | Rome, Italy | 29 July 2009 |  |

## Results

### Heats

The heats were held at 10:54.

| Rank | Heat | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 2 | 4 | Connor Jaeger | United States | 7:49.28 | Q |
| 2 | 3 | 4 | Sun Yang | China | 7:49.37 | Q |
| 3 | 4 | 4 | Ryan Cochrane | Canada | 7:49.58 | Q |
| 4 | 4 | 5 | Michael McBroom | United States | 7:50.62 | Q |
| 5 | 3 | 3 | Oussama Mellouli | Tunisia | 7:50.77 | Q |
| 6 | 2 | 8 | Pál Joensen | Faroe Islands | 7:50.81 | Q |
| 7 | 3 | 5 | Gregorio Paltrinieri | Italy | 7:52.33 | Q |
| 8 | 4 | 6 | Jordan Harrison | Australia | 7:52.55 | Q |
| 9 | 3 | 8 | Matias Koski | Finland | 7:54.70 | **NR** |
| 10 | 3 | 2 | Filip Zaborowski | Poland | 7:55.65 |  |
| 11 | 2 | 5 | Gabriele Detti | Italy | 7:56.15 |  |
| 12 | 4 | 3 | Daniel Fogg | Great Britain | 7:56.62 |  |
| 13 | 4 | 2 | Sören Meissner | Germany | 7:56.64 |  |
| 14 | 3 | 6 | Ayatsugu Hirai | Japan | 7:56.69 |  |
| 15 | 3 | 1 | Marc Sánchez | Spain | 7:57.64 |  |
| 16 | 4 | 7 | Devon Myles Brown | South Africa | 7:57.69 |  |
| 17 | 4 | 1 | Damien Joly | France | 7:57.79 |  |
| 18 | 2 | 3 | Serhiy Frolov | Ukraine | 7:58.70 |  |
| 19 | 4 | 0 | Richárd Nagy | Slovakia | 7:59.69 |  |
| 20 | 3 | 7 | Martin Grodzki | Germany | 8:00.36 |  |
| 21 | 2 | 7 | Pawel Furtek | Poland | 8:00.56 |  |
| 22 | 2 | 6 | Gergő Kis | Hungary | 8:00.92 |  |
| 23 | 2 | 1 | David Brandl | Austria | 8:05.45 |  |
| 24 | 3 | 9 | Uladzimir Zhyharau | Belarus | 8:05.51 |  |
| 25 | 2 | 0 | Anton Sveinn McKee | Iceland | 8:08.71 |  |
| 26 | 4 | 8 | Ahmed Akaram | Egypt | 8:08.73 |  |
| 27 | 4 | 9 | Alejandro Gómez | Venezuela | 8:09.04 |  |
| 28 | 3 | 0 | Arturo Pérez Vertti | Mexico | 8:09.23 |  |
| 29 | 1 | 5 | Marcelo Acosta | El Salvador | 8:17.39 |  |
| 30 | 1 | 4 | Jang Sang-Jin | South Korea | 8:18.51 |  |
| 31 | 2 | 2 | Martin Naidich | Argentina | 8:20.53 |  |
| 32 | 2 | 9 | Nezir Karap | Turkey | 8:21.31 |  |
| 33 | 1 | 3 | Khader Baqleh | Jordan | 8:43.13 |  |
| 34 | 1 | 6 | Brandon Schuster | Samoa | 9:27.45 |  |

### Final

The final was held at 19:29.

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 5 | Sun Yang | China | 7:41.36 |  |
|  | 6 | Michael McBroom | United States | 7:43.60 | **NR** |
|  | 3 | Ryan Cochrane | Canada | 7:43.70 |  |
| 4 | 4 | Connor Jaeger | United States | 7:44.26 |  |
| 5 | 8 | Jordan Harrison | Australia | 7:47.38 |  |
| 6 | 1 | Gregorio Paltrinieri | Italy | 7:50.29 |  |
| 7 | 7 | Pál Joensen | Faroe Islands | 7:52.57 |  |
| 8 | 2 | Oussama Mellouli | Tunisia | 7:52.79 |  |

## InfoBox

| Men's 800 metre freestyle
at the 2013 World Aquatics Championships | |
| --- | --- |
| Venue | Palau Sant Jordi |
| Dates | July 30, 2013 (heats)
July 31, 2013 (final) |
| Competitors | 34 from 30 nations |
| Winning time | 7:41.36 |
| Medalists | |
| China  United States  Canada | |
|


abstract: The women's 100 metre backstroke event in swimming at the 2013 World Aquatics Championships took place on 29–30 July at the Palau Sant Jordi in Barcelona, Spain.

text:
# Swimming at the 2013 World Aquatics Championships – Women's 100 metre backstroke

The **women's 100 metre backstroke** event in swimming at the 2013 World Aquatics Championships took place on 29–30 July at the Palau Sant Jordi in Barcelona, Spain.

## Records

Prior to this competition, the existing world and championship records were:

| World record | Gemma Spofforth (GBR) | **58.12** | Rome, Italy | 28 July 2009 |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Competition record | Gemma Spofforth (GBR) | **58.12** | Rome, Italy | 28 July 2009 |  |

## Results

### Heats

The heats were held at 10:00.

| Rank | Heat | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 4 | 4 | Missy Franklin | United States | 59.13 | Q |
| 2 | 4 | 6 | Katinka Hosszú | Hungary | 59.40 | Q, **NR**, WD |
| 3 | 5 | 5 | Elizabeth Pelton | United States | 59.94 | Q |
| 4 | 3 | 5 | Fu Yuanhui | China | 1:00.01 | Q |
| 5 | 5 | 4 | Emily Seebohm | Australia | 1:00.02 | Q |
| 6 | 4 | 3 | Simona Baumrtová | Czech Republic | 1:00.05 | Q |
| 7 | 3 | 4 | Aya Terakawa | Japan | 1:00.09 | Q |
| 8 | 5 | 3 | Sinead Russell | Canada | 1:00.17 | Q |
| 9 | 4 | 5 | Belinda Hocking | Australia | 1:00.39 | Q |
| 10 | 5 | 2 | Daryna Zevina | Ukraine | 1:00.43 | Q |
| 11 | 4 | 2 | Cloe Credeville | France | 1:00.70 | Q |
| 12 | 3 | 6 | Duane Da Rocha | Spain | 1:00.80 | Q |
| 13 | 4 | 7 | Zhou Yanxin | China | 1:00.99 | Q |
| 14 | 3 | 1 | Mercedes Peris | Spain | 1:01.19 | Q |
| 15 | 3 | 3 | Lauren Quigley | Great Britain | 1:01.23 | Q |
| 16 | 3 | 0 | Karin Prinsloo | South Africa | 1:01.25 | Q |
| 17 | 4 | 1 | Kimberly Buys | Belgium | 1:01.35 | Q |
| 18 | 5 | 0 | Carolina Colorado Henao | Colombia | 1:01.41 |  |
| 19 | 5 | 6 | Georgia Davies | Great Britain | 1:01.61 |  |
| 20 | 5 | 1 | Eygló Ósk Gústafsdóttir | Iceland | 1:01.71 |  |
| 21 | 3 | 7 | Etiene Medeiros | Brazil | 1:01.75 |  |
| 22 | 5 | 9 | Klaudia Nazieblo | Poland | 1:01.77 |  |
| 23 | 5 | 8 | María Fernanda González | Mexico | 1:01.84 |  |
| 24 | 1 | 9 | Daria Ustinova | Russia | 1:02.04 |  |
| 25 | 2 | 5 | Stephanie Au | Hong Kong | 1:02.10 |  |
| 26 | 2 | 6 | Gisela Morales | Guatemala | 1:02.12 |  |
| 27 | 3 | 9 | Yekaterina Rudenko | Kazakhstan | 1:02.49 |  |
| 28 | 3 | 2 | Sayaka Akase | Japan | 1:02.51 |  |
| 29 | 4 | 9 | Ekaterina Avramova | Bulgaria | 1:02.79 |  |
| 30 | 2 | 4 | Halime Zeren | Turkey | 1:02.91 |  |
| 31 | 4 | 8 | Selina Hocke | Germany | 1:02.94 |  |
| 32 | 5 | 7 | Kristina Steins | Canada | 1:03.15 |  |
| 33 | 3 | 8 | Tao Li | Singapore | 1:03.31 |  |
| 34 | 2 | 8 | Zanre Oberholzer | Namibia | 1:03.36 |  |
| 35 | 2 | 3 | Yulduz Kuchkarova | Uzbekistan | 1:03.54 |  |
| 36 | 2 | 9 | Tatiana Perstniova | Moldova | 1:03.59 |  |
| 37 | 4 | 0 | Kim Ji-Hyun | South Korea | 1:04.66 |  |
| 38 | 2 | 1 | Karen Vilorio | Honduras | 1:04.79 |  |
| 39 | 2 | 2 | McKayla Lightbourn | Bahamas | 1:04.97 |  |
| 40 | 2 | 0 | Birita Debes | Faroe Islands | 1:05.64 | **NR** |
| 41 | 2 | 7 | Inés Remersaro | Uruguay | 1:06.70 |  |
| 42 | 1 | 4 | Siona Huxley | Saint Lucia | 1:09.05 |  |
| 43 | 1 | 3 | Evelina Afoa | Samoa | 1:09.11 |  |
| 44 | 1 | 5 | Kuan Weng I | Macau | 1:09.70 |  |
| 44 | 1 | 6 | Nadeera Jayasekera | Sri Lanka | 1:09.70 |  |
| 46 | 1 | 7 | Caylee Watson | Virgin Islands | 1:09.90 | NR |
| 47 | 1 | 2 | Elvira Hasanova | Azerbaijan | 1:10.47 |  |
| 48 | 1 | 8 | Nur Hamizah Ahmad | Brunei | 1:13.25 |  |
| 49 | 1 | 1 | Altansukh Nomin | Mongolia | 1:18.95 |  |
| 50 | 1 | 0 | Vivie Geneva Chamberlain | Laos | 1:29.16 |  |

### Semifinals

The semifinals were held at 18:55.

#### Semifinal 1

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 5 | Emily Seebohm | Australia | 59.38 | Q |
| 2 | 4 | Elizabeth Pelton | United States | 59.44 | Q |
| 3 | 3 | Aya Terakawa | Japan | 59.80 | Q |
| 4 | 6 | Belinda Hocking | Australia | 1:00.24 | Q |
| 5 | 7 | Zhou Yanxin | China | 1:00.85 |  |
| 6 | 1 | Lauren Quigley | Great Britain | 1:00.96 |  |
| 7 | 2 | Cloe Credeville | France | 1:01.16 |  |
| 8 | 8 | Kimberly Buys | Belgium | 1:01.24 |  |

#### Semifinal 2

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 4 | Missy Franklin | United States | 59.31 | Q |
| 2 | 5 | Fu Yuanhui | China | 59.82 | Q |
| 3 | 2 | Daryna Zevina | Ukraine | 59.90 | Q, **NR** |
| 4 | 3 | Simona Baumrtová | Czech Republic | 59.99 | Q, **=NR** |
| 5 | 6 | Sinead Russell | Canada | 1:00.37 |  |
| 6 | 7 | Duane Da Rocha | Spain | 1:00.53 |  |
| 7 | 8 | Karin Prinsloo | South Africa | 1:01.05 |  |
| 8 | 1 | Mercedes Peris | Spain | 1:01.59 |  |

### Final

The final was held at 18:10.

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 4 | Missy Franklin | United States | 58.42 |  |
|  | 5 | Emily Seebohm | Australia | 59.06 |  |
|  | 6 | Aya Terakawa | Japan | 59.23 |  |
| 4 | 3 | Elizabeth Pelton | United States | 59.45 |  |
| 5 | 2 | Fu Yuanhui | China | 59.61 |  |
| 6 | 1 | Simona Baumrtová | Czech Republic | 59.84 | **NR** |
| 7 | 7 | Daryna Zevina | Ukraine | 1:00.16 |  |
| 8 | 8 | Belinda Hocking | Australia | 1:00.29 |  |

## InfoBox

| Women's 100 metre backstroke
at the 2013 World Aquatics Championships | |
| --- | --- |
| Venue | Palau Sant Jordi |
| Date | July 29, 2013 (heats &
semifinals)
July 30, 2013 (final) |
| Competitors | 50 from 43 nations |
| Winning time | 58.42 |
| Medalists | |
| United States  Australia  Japan | |
|


abstract: The women's 100 metre freestyle event in swimming at the 2013 World Aquatics Championships took place on 1–2 August at the Palau Sant Jordi in Barcelona, Spain.

text:
# Swimming at the 2013 World Aquatics Championships – Women's 100 metre freestyle

The **women's 100 metre freestyle** event in swimming at the 2013 World Aquatics Championships took place on 1–2 August at the Palau Sant Jordi in Barcelona, Spain.

## Records

Prior to this competition, the existing world and championship records were:

| World record | Britta Steffen (GER) | **52.07** | Rome, Italy | 31 July 2009 |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Competition record | Britta Steffen (GER) | **52.07** | Rome, Italy | 31 July 2009 |  |

## Results

### Heats

The heats were held a 10:00.

| Rank | Heat | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 8 | 4 | Cate Campbell | Australia | 53.24 | Q |
| 2 | 8 | 5 | Missy Franklin | United States | 53.36 | Q |
| 3 | 8 | 3 | Sarah Sjöström | Sweden | 53.61 | Q |
| 4 | 6 | 6 | Britta Steffen | Germany | 53.93 | Q |
| 5 | 7 | 4 | Ranomi Kromowidjojo | Netherlands | 54.12 | Q |
| 6 | 6 | 4 | Tang Yi | China | 54.21 | Q |
| 6 | 7 | 6 | Femke Heemskerk | Netherlands | 54.21 | Q |
| 8 | 8 | 6 | Shannon Vreeland | United States | 54.25 | Q |
| 9 | 6 | 3 | Arianna Vanderpool-Wallace | Bahamas | 54.42 | Q |
| 10 | 7 | 2 | Michelle Coleman | Sweden | 54.53 | Q |
| 11 | 8 | 2 | Veronika Popova | Russia | 54.53 | Q |
| 12 | 7 | 3 | Bronte Campbell | Australia | 54.67 | Q |
| 13 | 7 | 5 | Camille Muffat | France | 54.84 | Q, WD |
| 14 | 6 | 7 | Pernille Blume | Denmark | 54.88 | Q |
| 15 | 7 | 1 | Qiu Yuhan | China | 54.93 | Q |
| 16 | 5 | 2 | Karin Prinsloo | South Africa | 55.05 | Q |
| 17 | 7 | 8 | Evelyn Verrasztó | Hungary | 55.08 | Q |
| 18 | 8 | 1 | Charlotte Bonnet | France | 55.15 |  |
| 19 | 6 | 1 | Victoria Poon | Canada | 55.30 |  |
| 20 | 8 | 8 | Hanna-Maria Seppälä | Finland | 55.34 |  |
| 21 | 6 | 2 | Amy Smith | Great Britain | 55.40 |  |
| 22 | 8 | 7 | Daniela Schreiber | Germany | 55.44 |  |
| 23 | 6 | 8 | Melanie Costa | Spain | 55.51 |  |
| 24 | 6 | 0 | Erika Ferraioli | Italy | 55.54 |  |
| 25 | 5 | 4 | Kimberly Buys | Belgium | 55.68 | **NR** |
| 26 | 7 | 9 | Liliana Ibáñez | Mexico | 55.70 | **NR** |
| 27 | 7 | 0 | Rūta Meilutytė | Lithuania | 55.72 |  |
| 28 | 7 | 7 | Haruka Ueda | Japan | 55.78 |  |
| 29 | 5 | 6 | Samantha Lucie-Smith | New Zealand | 55.84 |  |
| 30 | 5 | 5 | Elmira Aigaliyeva | Kazakhstan | 55.89 |  |
| 31 | 8 | 9 | Nina Rangelova | Bulgaria | 55.95 |  |
| 32 | 5 | 3 | Julie Meynen | Luxembourg | 56.16 |  |
| 32 | 8 | 0 | Alessandra Marchioro | Brazil | 56.16 |  |
| 34 | 4 | 4 | Sycerika McMahon | Ireland | 56.19 |  |
| 35 | 4 | 3 | Jasmine Al-Khaldi | Philippines | 56.37 |  |
| 36 | 5 | 8 | Isabella Arcila | Colombia | 56.62 |  |
| 37 | 5 | 1 | Miroslava Najdanovski | Serbia | 56.66 |  |
| 38 | 5 | 7 | Quah Ting Wen | Singapore | 56.70 |  |
| 39 | 5 | 9 | Farida Osman | Egypt | 56.84 |  |
| 40 | 6 | 9 | Aksana Dziamidava | Belarus | 57.30 |  |
| 41 | 3 | 2 | Chinyere Pigot | Suriname | 57.34 |  |
| 42 | 4 | 0 | Elisbet Gamez | Cuba | 57.66 |  |
| 43 | 5 | 0 | Susann Bjørnsen | Norway | 56.73 |  |
| 44 | 4 | 6 | Anastasia Bogdanovski | North Macedonia | 57.78 |  |
| 45 | 4 | 9 | Yamilé Bahamonde | Ecuador | 57.79 |  |
| 46 | 3 | 7 | Julimar Avila | Honduras | 57.92 |  |
| 47 | 3 | 4 | Bayan Jumah | Syria | 58.13 |  |
| 48 | 4 | 7 | Pamela Benitez | El Salvador | 58.16 |  |
| 49 | 4 | 8 | Karen Torrez | Bolivia | 58.27 |  |
| 50 | 4 | 2 | Benjaporn Sriphanomithorn | Thailand | 58.33 |  |
| 51 | 4 | 5 | Sabina Dostálová | Czech Republic | 58.39 |  |
| 52 | 4 | 1 | Karen Riveros | Paraguay | 58.44 |  |
| 53 | 3 | 5 | Allyson Ponson | Aruba | 58.61 |  |
| 54 | 1 | 6 | Heather Arseth | Mauritius | 58.73 |  |
| 55 | 3 | 3 | Monika Vasilyan | Armenia | 59.08 |  |
| 56 | 3 | 6 | Sylvia Brunlehner | Kenya | 59.18 |  |
| 57 | 3 | 9 | Rebecca Heyliger | Bermuda | 59.50 |  |
| 58 | 3 | 8 | Ana Nobrega | Angola | 1:00.15 |  |
| 59 | 3 | 1 | Mónica Ramírez | Andorra | 1:00.98 |  |
| 60 | 3 | 0 | Jamila Lunkuse | Uganda | 1:01.25 | **NR** |
| 61 | 1 | 3 | Sabine Hazboun | Palestine | 1:02.86 |  |
| 62 | 2 | 3 | Tiara Shahril | Brunei | 1:02.88 |  |
| 63 | 2 | 5 | Sameera Al-Bitar | Bahrain | 1:05.32 |  |
| 64 | 2 | 4 | Britany van Lange | Guyana | 1:05.56 |  |
| 65 | 2 | 6 | Merjen Saryyeva | Turkmenistan | 1:05.96 |  |
| 66 | 2 | 7 | Charissa Panuve | Tonga | 1:07.10 |  |
| 67 | 2 | 2 | Rachel Wall | Antigua and Barbuda | 1:08.43 |  |
| 68 | 2 | 1 | Dirngulbai Misech | Palau | 1:09.46 |  |
| 69 | 2 | 8 | Shreya Dhital | Nepal | 1:11.12 |  |
| 70 | 1 | 4 | Karina Klimyk | Tajikistan | 1:15.45 |  |
| 71 | 2 | 9 | Elsie Uwamahoro | Burundi | 1:16.63 |  |
| 72 | 2 | 0 | Vivie Geneva Chamberlain | Laos | 1:17.75 |  |
| 73 | 1 | 5 | Nazlati Mohamed Andhumdine | Comoros | 1:33.88 |  |
|  | 6 | 5 | Jeanette Ottesen | Denmark |  | DNS |

### Semifinals

The semifinals were held at 18:02.

#### Semifinal 1

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 4 | Missy Franklin | United States | 53.78 | Q |
| 2 | 5 | Britta Steffen | Germany | 53.85 | Q |
| 3 | 6 | Shannon Vreeland | United States | 53.99 | Q |
| 4 | 3 | Tang Yi | China | 54.09 | Q |
| 5 | 7 | Bronte Campbell | Australia | 54.46 |  |
| 6 | 2 | Michelle Coleman | Sweden | 54.62 |  |
| 7 | 8 | Evelyn Verrasztó | Hungary | 55.32 |  |
| 8 | 1 | Qiu Yuhan | China | 55.61 |  |

#### Semifinal 2

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 5 | Sarah Sjöström | Sweden | 52.87 | Q, **NR** |
| 2 | 4 | Cate Campbell | Australia | 53.09 | Q |
| 3 | 3 | Ranomi Kromowidjojo | Netherlands | 53.29 | Q |
| 4 | 6 | Femke Heemskerk | Netherlands | 53.68 | Q |
| 5 | 7 | Veronika Popova | Russia | 54.15 |  |
| 6 | 2 | Arianna Vanderpool-Wallace | Bahamas | 54.44 |  |
| 7 | 1 | Pernille Blume | Denmark | 54.68 |  |
| 8 | 8 | Karin Prinsloo | South Africa | 55.00 |  |

### Final

The final was held at 18:02.

| Rank | Lane | Name | Nationality | Time | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 5 | Cate Campbell | Australia | 52.34 |  |
|  | 4 | Sarah Sjöström | Sweden | 52.89 |  |
|  | 3 | Ranomi Kromowidjojo | Netherlands | 53.42 |  |
| 4 | 2 | Missy Franklin | United States | 53.47 |  |
| 5 | 6 | Femke Heemskerk | Netherlands | 53.67 |  |
| 6 | 7 | Britta Steffen | Germany | 53.75 |  |
| 7 | 8 | Tang Yi | China | 54.27 |  |
| 8 | 1 | Shannon Vreeland | United States | 54.49 |  |

## InfoBox

| Women's 100 metre freestyle
at the 2013 World Aquatics Championships | |
| --- | --- |
| Venue | Palau Sant Jordi |
| Dates | August 1, 2013 (heats &
semifinals)
August 2, 2013 (final) |
| Competitors | 73 from 66 nations |
| Winning time | 52.34 |
| Medalists | |
| Australia  Sweden  Netherlands | |
|


title: Swamp Thing (2019 TV series)

abstract: Swamp Thing is an American superhero television series created by Gary Dauberman and Mark Verheiden for DC Universe, based on the DC Comics character of the same name. The series follows medical doctor Abby Arcane encountering the eponymous Swamp Thing, a plant-elemental creature who fights malevolent forces around a Louisiana swamp. The series premiered on May 31, 2019, and consisted of 10 episodes. Shortly after its premiere, DC Universe announced that Swamp Thing had been canceled. The remaining episodes were released on DC Universe until the series' conclusion on August 2, 2019. The series received positive reviews from critics, particularly for the series' horror elements and practical monster effects.

text:
# Swamp Thing (2019 TV series)

***Swamp Thing*** is an American superhero television series created by Gary Dauberman and Mark Verheiden for DC Universe, based on the DC Comics character of the same name. The series follows medical doctor Abby Arcane (Crystal Reed) encountering the eponymous Swamp Thing (Derek Mears), a plant-elemental creature who fights malevolent forces around a Louisiana swamp.

The series premiered on May 31, 2019, and consisted of 10 episodes. Shortly after its premiere, DC Universe announced that *Swamp Thing* had been canceled. The remaining episodes were released on DC Universe until the series' conclusion on August 2, 2019. The series received positive reviews from critics, particularly for the series' horror elements and practical monster effects.

## Premise

Abby Arcane returns home to Marais, Louisiana, to investigate a deadly swamp-borne virus, where she develops a bond with disgraced scientist Alec Holland. After Holland tragically dies, Abby discovers the mysteries of the swamp and that Holland might not be dead after all.

## Cast and characters

### Main

* Crystal Reed as Abigail "Abby" Arcane:
A CDC doctor investigating a horrific life-threatening epidemic in her hometown while facing her past again. Melissa Collazo portrays teenage Abby.
* Virginia Madsen as Maria Sunderland:
The wife of Avery Sunderland, whose grief over the loss of her daughter, Shawna, resurfaces when Abby returns home, and draws Maria into the supernatural mysteries of the swamp.
* Andy Bean as Alec Holland:
A disgraced biologist working for Avery. Murdered when he starts to uncover an illegal operation in the swamp, his memories survive inside of Swamp Thing.
* Derek Mears as Swamp Thing:
A plant-based entity created from the memories of Alec Holland. Possessing elemental control of vegetation and regenerative abilities, he attempts to defend the swamp, the town, and the natural world at large.
* Henderson Wade as Matt Cable:
A police officer along with his mother, Lucilia, who finds himself in dire straits when supernatural events begin to threaten the town. He is also a childhood friend of Abby.
* Maria Sten as Liz Tremayne:
A local newspaper reporter and bartender who is a close childhood friend of Abby Arcane.
* Jeryl Prescott as Nimue Inwudu / Xanadu:
A blind fortune teller whose psychic abilities can reveal the future.
* Will Patton as Avery Sunderland:
A prominent businessman in Marais, who, while publicly giving back to the community, is determined to harness the power of the swamp for profit as a pharmaceutical cornucopia. He was also the adoptive parent to Abby Arcane after her mother died.
* Jennifer Beals as Lucilia Cable:
The "tough as nails and pragmatic" sheriff of Marais with a strong devotion to her son, Matt.
* Kevin Durand as Jason Woodrue:
A biogeneticist, brought in to study the properties of the swamp, leading him to become fixated on unlocking its potential.

### Recurring

* Leonardo Nam as Harlan Edwards: A CDC specialist who is Abby's second-in-command
* Elle Graham as Susie Coyle: A young girl who is diagnosed with "Green Flu", appears to have a mysterious connection to Swamp Thing, and befriends Abby
* Given Sharp as Shawna Sunderland: Abby's childhood friend and Maria and Avery's deceased daughter, who appears in both flashbacks and as a ghost to her mother Maria
* Ian Ziering as Daniel Cassidy / Blue Devil: A former stuntman who, after becoming semi-famous playing the demonic Blue Devil in a film, looks to regain his former fame
* Selena Anduze as Caroline Woodrue: A scientist and Jason Woodrue's wife who has Alzheimer's disease
* Macon Blair as Phantom Stranger
* Al Mitchell as Delroy Tremayne: Liz's father
* Michael Beach as Nathan Ellery

### Guest

* RJ Cyler as Jones
* Tim Russ as Dr. Chowodury, a doctor at the Marais hospital
* Micah Fitzgerald as Munson / the Rot
* Adrienne Barbeau as Dr. Palomar, the assistant director of the CDC. Barbeau previously appeared in the 1982 film adaptation of *Swamp Thing* as Alice Cable, an amalgamation of Abby Arcane and Matt Cable.
* Jake Busey as Shaw

## Episodes

| No. | Title | Directed by | Written by | Original release date | Prod.
code |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | "Pilot" | Len Wiseman | *Teleplay by*: Gary Dauberman & Mark Verheiden | May 31, 2019 (2019-05-31) | T33.01008 |
| In a swamp outside of Marais, Louisiana, three men hired to drop cases of mutagen accelerator into Bayou Swamp are attacked by plants; with only one of them surviving. Days later, the survivor's daughter, Susie, comes down with a mysterious illness that has been spreading throughout town. CDC doctor and former resident Abby Arcane, is sent to help. She reunites with childhood friend turned policeman, Matthew Cable, before meeting with Alec Holland, a disgraced scientist hired by businessman Avery Sunderland, to investigate further. The pair find the survivor's body overrun with a plant creature, though Alec kills it. After meeting up with Abby's reporter friend, Liz Tremayne, and being accosted by Maria Sunderland, the pair find the mutagen cases. While waiting for the results, Alec and Abby bond, revealing he had manipulated test results to prove himself right and she was responsible for killing Sunderland's daughter, Shawna. After getting the results, Alec departs alone to find more of the cases, only to be violently killed and taken by the swamp. Abby rushes to find him, only to be scared off by a mossy creature. | | | | | |
| 2 | "Worlds Apart" | Len Wiseman | Mark Verheiden & Doris Egan | June 7, 2019 (2019-06-07) | T33.10352 |
| The police investigate Alec's death, but disregard Abby's claims. Maria meets with Madame Xanadu, who advises her against finding her daughter's spirit and that she should put her regrets to rest. She refuses to however, later resting on Shawna's bed next to her daughter's corpse. Not long after biogeneticist Jason Woodrue and his wife, Caroline, arrive in Marais, the former meets with Avery, who berates him for the mutagen spreading disease instead of cultivating the swamp for land development like he wanted. Jason disagrees, claiming it is incapable of doing so, but Avery forces him to investigate the disease regardless. Susie dreams of a plant-like creature clawing at its body and feeling how scared it was. She later escapes the hospital and into the swamp, where she sees two men dumping more mutagen and killing an officer. One of the men, Munson, spots her and gives chase when she flees, only to be killed by the creature. Abby catches up to them while looking for Susie, who says the creature is Alec and he is confused as to what is happening. | | | | | |
| 3 | "He Speaks" | Deran Sarafian | Rob Fresco | June 14, 2019 (2019-06-14) | T33.10353 |
| Munson's body is resurrected by killer insects. Abby confides in Liz that the "Swamp Thing" is Alec. Abby later breaks into Alec's lab and finds what he was working on. Munson attacks her, but she is saved by the Swamp Thing, who orders the insects to release Munson. Abby tries to reason with Alec, but when he says the disease is fighting to protect itself, she realizes that antibiotics make it stronger and uses immuno-suppressants to temporarily save the infected. Liz confronts loan officer Gordon about him secretly paying Avery, but he denies this. He later demands Avery return the payments or else he will talk. Matt's mother, Lucilia, interviews Avery about Alec's death; hinting at their past relationship. Shawna's ghost confronts Maria about Avery's infidelity. Avery attempts to procure funds from Maria's inheritance, but she denies him. Meanwhile, Daniel Cassidy expresses his desire to leave Marais, learning from Xanadu that change is coming. Liz's girlfriend discovers a piece of Alec's boat. When Gordon threatens to expose the Conclave, Avery kills him. | | | | | |
| 4 | "Darkness on the Edge of Town" | Carol Banker | Erin Maher & Kay Reindl | June 21, 2019 (2019-06-21) | T33.10354 |
| A young man named Todd discovers a corpse hidden in a tree and unknowingly becomes infected. While working for Liz's father's, Delroy, Todd hallucinates and kills himself in the resulting panic, though not before scratching Delroy. Abby meets with Alec and obtains a sample of his tissue to study, with Jason's assistance. Delroy begins to hallucinate a mysterious man and panics. While Lucilia, Liz, and Abby restrain him, Lucilia gets scratched. While Avery holds a celebration for the "plant flu's" end, Maria attempts to get closer to the recovering Susie. Abby investigates the area where Todd was infected, finding the corpse and a hotel key. Liz looks up the hotel and learns of a similar incident in the past wherein the final victim vanished into the swamp. Abby theorizes they did this knowing they were infected. At the party, Lucilia sees a vision of Matt dying and attempts to shoot his "attacker" before Daniel disarms her. She scratches Abby, who rushes into the swamp. As she hallucinates a tall, faceless man trying to kidnap her, Alec arrives and cures her before returning the disease to the corpse before confirming Abby's theory. Avery and Maria decide to take care of Susie instead of her uncle. | | | | | |
| 5 | "Drive All Night" | Greg Beeman | Franklin Rho | June 28, 2019 (2019-06-28) | T33.10355 |
| Swamp Thing meets a mysterious being, who tells him that the ghosts he has been seeing were events witnessed by past trees. Susie is possessed by Shawna's ghost and lures Maria to the swamp. Abby follows Maria and tries to save her, but Maria nearly drowns Abby, who manages to swim away. Shawna's ghost tries to drown Maria in turn, but Swamp Thing saves her. With Swamp Thing's help, Abby discovers that Shawna was killed by an evil force that pulled her underwater. Avery threatens Liz to stop investigating Alec's death, but she refuses. Daniel tries to leave Marais, but his arm bursts into blue flames at the border. Jason searches Alec's lab and finds giant footprints that lead to a piece of vegetation. After analyzing it, he concludes that it has the same genetic material as Abby's sample. Jason later tells Avery that a large creature is living in the swamp and that he needs it alive so he can study it. Avery obliges, offering the name of someone who can help him. | | | | | |
| 6 | "The Price You Pay" | Toa Fraser | Tania Lotia | July 5, 2019 (2019-07-05) | T33.10356 |
| Avery's trackers try to capture Swamp Thing, but he defends himself against them. Lucilia sends Matt to investigate, who tracks down Swamp Thing in the process and fights him. Abby stops them, revealing to Matt that the creature is Alec. Matt confesses to Lucilia that he killed Alec on Avery's behalf to protect her. Liz tells Abby that the thugs who attacked her and Daniel were sent by Avery. When Abby confronts Avery over Liz's allegations, he hints at possible retribution. A comatose Daniel remembers the deal that he made with the Phantom Stranger that resulted in his being trapped in Marais. Jason manages to awaken Daniel, but his experiments on him almost transform the failed actor into a blue devil-like monster before Caroline sedates him. Xanadu visits Daniel and relieves his pain. Swamp Thing grows a hallucinogenic flower that makes Abby temporarily see him as Alec. | | | | | |
| 7 | "Brilliant Disguise" | Alexis Ostrander | Conway Preston & Rob Fresco | July 12, 2019 (2019-07-12) | T33.10357 |
| Abby and Alec head to a rotted area of swamp. While she is collecting a sample, the darkness attacks and infects her with bacteria. Alec takes Abby back to his lab, where she is saved by the Green. Lucilia tells Avery that Alec is still alive and asks him to help her take Alec down before he comes for them. While searching the swamp, Avery betrays Lucilia and steals her shotgun. Just as Avery is about to shoot Lucilia, Matt surprises him and knocks him out. When Avery wakes up, he tells Matt that he is his father, and Matt gets angry at Lucilia for not telling him. While he is distracted, Avery stabs him. Lucilia shoots Avery in the leg, causing him to fall into the swamp. Alec tells Abby that his transformation is serving a higher purpose, and that she should move on with her life and not come back anymore. Abby goes to the CDC in Atlanta to try to find a cure for him before it is too late. An injured Avery emerges from the water and onto the shore. | | | | | |
| 8 | "Long Walk Home" | E. L. Katz | Doris Egan | July 19, 2019 (2019-07-19) | T33.10358 |
| A wounded Avery wanders through the swamp. Losing blood, he begins to hallucinate. Swamp Thing finds him, brings him to the lab, and helps him recover. Abby is denied access to her sample results. Afterwards, she is confronted by the Conclave. Harlan is kidnapped after leaving Abby's apartment. Avery returns the next day with Jason to "help" Swamp Thing, though he has also secretly brought Conclave mercenaries with him. Swamp Thing tries to make them leave, but the Conclave manage to capture him. Sensing that Swamp Thing is in danger, Abby heads back to Marais, but arrives too late. | | | | | |
| 9 | "The Anatomy Lesson" | Michael Goi | *Teleplay by*: Mark Verheiden
*Story by*: Noah Griffith & Daniel Stewart | July 26, 2019 (2019-07-26) | T33.10359 |
| At a secret Conclave facility, Jason conducts research on Swamp Thing, discovering that he can function without vital organs. As payback for trying to kill him, Avery bribes a judge to commit Maria to a mental institution. Upon further examination, Jason deduces that Swamp Thing is actually a humanoid plant that absorbed Holland's memories after he died. Abby and Liz locate the facility. Daniel recovers and the Phantom Stranger shows him a vision of Liz and Abby being hunted and killed by Conclave security. Inspired, he decides to become the Blue Devil. Abby and Liz are able to free Swamp Thing while the Blue Devil takes out the guards, but Jason manages to escape. Returning home, he finds Caroline has overdosed. Swamp Thing returns to the swamp and retrieves a skeleton. A horrified Abby looks on as Swamp Thing confirms the body belongs to Alec. | | | | | |
| 10 | "Loose Ends" | Deran Sarafian | *Teleplay by*: Erin Maher & Kay Reindl
*Story by*: Rob Fresco | August 2, 2019 (2019-08-02) | T33.10360 |
| Despite recovering Alec's body, Abby tries to make Swamp Thing believe that Holland's spirit resides within him. Nathan and his men attack, but Swamp Thing kills them, sparing only Nathan. Swamp Thing has one last conversation with Alec. Jason performs an experiment on himself to save his wife. Xanadu visits Maria in the mental institution and gives her closure, though at the cost of her sanity. Avery tries to reconcile with Lucilia, but when she refuses, he stabs her and dumps her car in the swamp with her in the trunk. After talking with Liz, Daniel is finally able to leave Marais. Swamp Thing and Abby decide to remain in Marais to combat the encroaching darkness together. Matt arrives at the station, only to find his fellow police officers dead. Jason, mutated by his experiment, attacks him. | | | | | |

## Production

### Development

In May 2018, DC Universe gave the production a script-to-series order. Mark Verheiden and Gary Dauberman were attached to write the first episode of the series and executive produce alongside James Wan and Michael Clear. Rob Hackett served as a co-producer. Production companies included Atomic Monster and Warner Bros. Television. Len Wiseman directed the series' first episode in addition to serving as an executive producer.

Despite being released on DC Universe, the series does not exist in the same fictional universe as the service's other live-action series, including *Titans* and *Doom Patrol*. On June 6, 2019, the series was canceled one week after its premiere aired.

### Casting

In September 2018, Crystal Reed and Maria Sten were cast in the main roles of Abby Arcane and Liz Tremayne, respectively. Jennifer Beals was also cast in the recurring role of Sheriff Lucilia Cable, although she would later be revealed to be part of the main cast. More series regulars were later revealed, with Jeryl Prescott cast as Madame Xanadu, Virginia Madsen as Maria Sunderland, Will Patton as Avery Sunderland, Andy Bean as Alec Holland with Derek Mears as the Swamp Thing, Henderson Wade as Matt Cable, and Kevin Durand as Jason Woodrue. Ian Ziering joined the cast in the recurring role of Daniel Cassidy / Blue Devil, and Leonardo Nam was cast as Harlan Edwards in a recurring role.

### Filming

Principal photography for the series commenced in early November 2018 in Wilmington, North Carolina, and wrapped on May 6, 2019.

### Cancellation

In April 2019, production for the series was unexpectedly cut short due to creative differences with DC Universe's parent company WarnerMedia, thus reducing the original episode order from 13 to 10 episodes. Further reports stated that the series was canceled due to budget shortfalls after the expected level of tax rebates offered by the state of North Carolina were substantially reduced. A representative from DC Universe said that the streaming service was being re-evaluated and that there were no plans for a second season. The spokesman did not elaborate explicitly on why specifically the show was canceled.

Mears described the cancellation as a "heartbreaker" and felt the decision to cancel the show showed a "lack of respect" on DC's part. He added that members of the production had been told up until the cancellation "how amazing everything was... So it's a weird nebulous space that we're all in now because we don't know officially why that would happen, or why they canceled it". In mid-2019, a movement with the hashtag #SaveSwampThing began spreading on social media shortly after the series was cancelled in an attempt to save the series. Mears also showed his support of the movement. With The CW network acquiring the broadcast rights to the series, The CW president Mark Pedowitz did not rule out the possibility of renewing the series for a second season, but in January 2021, Pedowitz said it was unlikely the series would return on The CW and also commented that there was a slim possibility of Swamp Thing appearing on other Arrowverse series, such as *Legends of Tomorrow*.

## Release

*Swamp Thing* premiered May 31, 2019, on DC Universe. Despite being canceled not long after its premiere, DC Universe continued to release the remaining episodes of the series, with the finale being released on August 2, 2019. *Swamp Thing: The Complete Series* was released digitally on December 2, 2019, and on DVD and Blu-ray on February 11, 2020.

In 2020, The CW acquired the broadcast rights to the series. It began airing on the network from October 6 to December 22 in the same year.

## Reception

### Critical response

On Rotten Tomatoes, the series holds a 92% approval rating based on 39 reviews, with an average rating of 7.32/10. The website's critical consensus reads: "By leaning into the horror of it all, *Swamp Thing* swims deep into the trenches of this strange world and returns with a scary good TV show." Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the series a score of 69 out of 100 based on reviews from 6 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".

David Griffin, writing for *IGN*, said the series properly "honors the comic book origins" of Swamp Thing and praised the performance of Crystal Reed, Virginia Madsen, and Will Patton, as well as the film-making style of Wiseman. Griffin particularly praised the Swamp Thing's practical suit and found that any CGI used was not distracting. Daniel Fienberg of *The Hollywood Reporter* praised the creepy atmosphere and found the cast performances to be strong enough to carry episodes even when the monster was not on screen.

In a more mixed review, Kevin Yeoman, writing for *Screen Rant*, approved of the "nausea-inducing practical effects" reminiscent of John Carpenter's *The Thing* but criticized the writing and pacing and found the decision to not reveal Swamp Thing until the final moments of the pilot episode to be frustrating. Joel Keller of *Decider* found the horror elements made up for generic characters and an uninteresting mystery plot line.

### Accolades

The series was nominated at the 2019 Saturn Awards for Best Streaming Superhero Television Series. Matthew Llewellyn as music editor on "The Anatomy Lesson" was nominated for the Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Music Score and Musical for Episodic Short Form Broadcast Media award at the 2019 MPSE Golden Reel Awards.

## Future

### Cancelled spin-off

Before the cancellation of the *Swamp Thing* series, there were plans to introduce Justice League Dark and create a spin-off series based on that team.

### Arrowverse

Swamp Thing, as depicted in the series, makes a cameo appearance in the Arrowverse crossover event "Crisis on Infinite Earths" through archival footage of Mears as the character. The event depicts *Swamp Thing* as being set on the world of Earth-19.

### Titans

Swamp Thing, as depicted in the series, makes a cameo appearance in the *Titans* episode "Dude, Where's My Gar?" via archival footage.

## InfoBox

| *Swamp Thing* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Genre |  |
| Based on | Swamp Thing
by |
| Developed by |  |
| Starring |  |
| Composer | Brian Tyler |
| Country of origin | United States |
| Original language | English |
| No. of seasons | 1 |
| No. of episodes | 10 (list of episodes) |
| Production | |
| Executive producers |  |
| Production location | Wilmington, North Carolina |
| Cinematography | * Pedro Luque * Fernando Argüelles * Nathaniel Goodman * Peter Kowalski |
| Editors | * Mark Stevens * Scott Draper * Tim Mirkovich * Hector Carrillo |
| Running time | 42–60 minutes |
| Production companies |  |
| Original release | |
| Network | DC Universe |
| Release | May 31 (2019-05-31)
August 2, 2019 (2019-08-02) |


title: Oldenburg B

abstract: The steam locomotives of Oldenburg Class B of the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg State Railways were built in the early 1900s for working the metre gauge network on the German island of Wangerooge. Initially one example was ordered in 1904 from Freudenstein & Co. in Berlin. This tank engine weighed only 9.4 t when empty and could carry 1.2 m³ of water and 0.35 tonnes of coal. It had a well tank and the coal bunkers were on the left and right hand side of the boiler. The engine drove the second axle and the locomotive had the number 3. In 1910 a somewhat heavier and larger locomotive was ordered from Hanomag. It weighed in at 12.2 tonnes. Because this engine acquitted itself well, in 1913 another one was ordered. These two locomotives were given numbers 4 and 5. After the formation of the Reichsbahn the engines were taken over, classified as DRG Class 99.02 and given the numbers 99 021–023. In 1942 locomotives 99 021 and 99 022 had to be handed over for wartime duties at the Eastern front where they disappeared without trace. Number 99 023 remained on Wangerooge and underwent a minor rebuild. It was given larger water tanks, wooden window shutters and an electrically operated lantern. It was retired in 1957.

text:
# Oldenburg B

| Oldenburg B
DRG Class 99.02 | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Numbering: | Nr. 3
DRG 99 021 | Nr. 4–5
DRG 99 022–023 |
| Quantity: | 1 | 2 |
| Manufacturer: | Freudenstein & Co | Hanomag |
| Years of manufacture: | 1904 | 1910, 1913 |
| Retirement: | 1945 ? | 1945 ?, 1957 |
| Wheel arrangement: | 0-4-0T | |
| Axle arrangement: | B n2t | |
| Type: | K 22.5 | K 22.6 |
| Rail gauge: | 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+38 in) | |
| Length over buffers: | 4,958 mm | 5,350 mm |
| Height: | 3,007 mm | 3,015 mm |
| Axle load: | 5.6 t |  |
| Total wheelbase: | 1,300 mm | 1,400 mm |
| Empty weight: | 9.4 t |  |
| Service weight: | 11.2 t | 12.2 t |
| Adhesive weight: | 11.2 t | 12.2 t |
| Top speed: | 40 km/h | 30 km/h |
| Indicated Power: |  | 74 kW |
| Driving wheeliameter: | 800 mm | |
| Valve gear: | Allan | Walschaerts (Heusinger) |
| No. of cylinders: | 2 | |
| Cylinder bore: | 185 mm | 235 mm |
| Piston stroke: | 300 mm | 400 mm |
| Boiler overpressure: | 12 bar | |
| No. of heating tubes: |  | 70 |
| Grate area: | 0.39 m2 | 0.45 m2 |
| Evaporative heating area: | 17.60 m2 | 21.10 m2 |
| Water capacity: | 1.2 m³ | 1.0 m³ |
| Fuel capacity: | 0.35 t coal | |
| Locomotive brake: | Hand-operated screw brake | |

The steam locomotives of **Oldenburg Class B** of the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg State Railways were built in the early 1900s for working the metre gauge network on the German island of Wangerooge.

Initially one example was ordered in 1904 from Freudenstein & Co. in Berlin. This tank engine weighed only 9.4 t when empty and could carry 1.2 m³ of water and 0.35 tonnes of coal. It had a well tank and the coal bunkers were on the left and right hand side of the boiler. The engine drove the second axle and the locomotive had the number 3.

In 1910 a somewhat heavier and larger locomotive was ordered from Hanomag. It weighed in at 12.2 tonnes (service weight). Because this engine acquitted itself well, in 1913 another one was ordered. These two locomotives were given numbers 4 and 5. After the formation of the Reichsbahn the engines were taken over, classified as **DRG Class 99.02** and given the numbers 99 021–023. In 1942 locomotives 99 021 and 99 022 had to be handed over for wartime duties at the Eastern front where they disappeared without trace.

Number 99 023 remained on Wangerooge and underwent a minor rebuild. It was given larger water tanks, wooden window shutters and an electrically operated lantern. It was retired in 1957.

* Werning, Malte (1999). *Wangerooge: Die Inselbahn und ihre Geschichte* (in German). Gülzow: Lokrundschau Verlag. ISBN 3-931647-09-9.
* Weisbrod, Manfred; Petznik, Wolfgang (1981). *Dampflokomotiven deutscher Eisenbahnen, Baureihe 97–99 (EFA 1.4)* (in German) (2nd ed.). Düsseldorf: Alba. pp. 101–104. ISBN 3-87094-087-5.


title: Sybil Gibson

abstract: Sybil Gibson was a self-taught American painter.

text:
# Sybil Gibson

**Sybil Gibson** (née **Sybil Aaron**; February 18, 1908 – January 2, 1995) was a self-taught American painter.

## Early life and education

Gibson was born Sybil Aaron in Dora, Alabama, to parents Lenora Reid Aaron and Monroe Aaron. Her father was a wealthy coal mine owner and farmer. He owned and operated the Sulphur Springs Coal Company. She was one of eight children.

She was educated at Jacksonville State Teachers College, earning a B.S. in Elementary Education before going on to become a teacher.

## Career

For much of her adult life she had no interest in painting, having had her ambitions crushed when a college art teacher told her she had no talent. However, on Thanksgiving Day 1963, aged 55, Gibson took to creating her own wrapping paper designs using tempera paint and brown paper grocery bags. This led to a fascination with creating art which lasted until her death.

Howell Raines wrote in June 1971 that "the paintings are not over-powering, they are truly fragile in the best sense. The colors are very delicate, and while Sybil Gibson's work is figurative, her realism is tempered with a certain dream-like quality." Gibson chose to paint limited subject matter, mainly concentrating on the human form, particularly faces, as well as flowers, birds and small animals. Her style is considered 'folk art', and she is regarded as an outsider, or naïve artist.

In May 1971, shortly before the opening of her first art exhibition at the Miami Museum of Modern Art, Gibson disappeared, leaving drawings strewn about her yard. An eccentric woman, Gibson disappeared several times. Around 300 of her paintings are believed to exist in museums and private collections, although many more have been destroyed after being strewn around outside her home when she disappeared.

Gibson's work has been exhibited in more than fifty one-woman exhibitions. Woodward Gallery in New York City represented the Estate of Sybil Gibson from 2011-2016. Her work is featured in various public museum collections including at the Montgomery Museum of Fine Arts, the Museum of American Folk Art, the Johnson Collection, Birmingham Museum of Art, and the New Orleans Museum of Art. Woodward Gallery featured Sybil Gibson in an expansive, retrospective solo hxhibition, "Art from Within", from May 10 - June 21, 2014.

## Personal life and death

She married her high school boyfriend Hugh Gibson in 1929, with whom she raised a daughter. By 1935, she was divorced from Gibson and her parents were caring for her daughter while she went back to school. Despite her prosperous upbringing, she spent much of her adult life living in poverty.

In the late 1940s she moved to Florida due to a sinus issue.

From c. 1950 to 1958, she was married to David DeYarmon. The marriage ended when he died.

Late in life, her daughter arranged for Gibson to return to Florida, where she had an operation to restore her sight. She died on January 2, 1995, in Dunedin, Florida, aged 86.

## InfoBox

| Sybil Gibson | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | Sybil Aaron
(1908-02-18)February 18, 1908
Dora, Alabama, U.S. |
| Died | January 2, 1995(1995-01-02) (aged 86)
Dunedin, Florida, U.S. |
| Nationality | American |
| Known for | Painting |
| Movement | Outsider art, folk art, naive, self-taught |
| Spouse(s) | Hugh Gibson (m. 1929–1935; divorce),
David DeYarmon (m. c. 1950–1958; death) |


title: Olcott, New York

abstract: Olcott is a hamlet located in the Town of Newfane in Niagara County, New York, United States. As of the 2010 census, this community population was 1,241. Most locals refer to it as Olcott Beach. It is part of the Buffalo–Niagara Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area. Olcott is a lakeside community which is home to the deepest harbor on Lake Ontario west of Rochester. The community is at the junction of East/West Lake Road and Lockport-Olcott Road. Krull Park in the northeast part of the village, is the largest county-operated park in Niagara County. Olcott-Newfane Airport (D80) is located south of the village, but is closed indefinitely except for ultralight aircraft. Olcott was known for its Coney Island-like beach attractions and attracted tourists visiting nearby Niagara Falls. Many of these attractions have closed, however, after the decline of the City of Niagara Falls and a prolonged economic downturn which has hard hit all of Niagara County. Slowly, efforts are being made to bring back this economic prosperity that the region once saw, and so far has been a success in Olcott. Heritage tourism has become quite popular in Niagara County, and new festivals include the Olcott Pirate Festival as well as a famous car show that takes place during the summer. In 2012, Olcott Beach won the prestigious title of Ultimate Fishing Town in a contest sponsored by The World Fishing Network (WFN). Olcott Beach enjoys a superior reputation as a world-class fishing destination by sportsmen and hobbyists alike. The U.S. prize was awarded to Olcott Beach, and the Canadian prize was awarded to Hastings, Ontario, both located by the shores of Lake Ontario.

text:
# Olcott, New York

**Olcott** is a hamlet (and census-designated place) located in the Town of Newfane in Niagara County, New York, United States. As of the 2010 census, this community population was 1,241. Most locals refer to it as Olcott Beach. It is part of the BuffaloNiagara Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Olcott is a lakeside community which is home to the deepest harbor on Lake Ontario west of Rochester. The community is at the junction of East/West Lake Road (NYS Route 18) and Lockport-Olcott Road (NYS Route 78).

Krull Park in the northeast part of the village, is the largest county-operated park in Niagara County. Olcott-Newfane Airport (D80) is located south of the village, but is closed indefinitely except for ultralight aircraft.

Olcott was known for its Coney Island-like beach attractions and attracted tourists visiting nearby Niagara Falls. Many of these attractions have closed, however, after the decline of the City of Niagara Falls and a prolonged economic downturn which has hard hit all of Niagara County. Slowly, efforts are being made to bring back this economic prosperity that the region once saw, and so far has been a success in Olcott. Heritage tourism has become quite popular in Niagara County, and new festivals include the *Olcott Pirate Festival* as well as a famous car show that takes place during the summer.

In 2012, Olcott Beach won the prestigious title of Ultimate Fishing Town in a contest sponsored by The World Fishing Network (WFN). Olcott Beach enjoys a superior reputation as a world-class fishing destination by sportsmen and hobbyists alike. The U.S. prize was awarded to Olcott Beach, and the Canadian prize was awarded to Hastings, Ontario, both located by the shores of Lake Ontario.

## Geography

Olcott is located at 43°20′10″N 78°43′03″W / 43.336162°N 78.717506°W / 43.336162; -78.717506.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 5.3 square miles (14 km2), of which 4.6 square miles (12 km2) is land and 0.7 square miles (1.8 km2) (13.56%) is water.

Olcott is located on the south shore of Lake Ontario, where Eighteen Mile Creek enters the lake.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2020 | 1,072 |  |  |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |

As of the census of 2000, there were 1,156 people, 476 households, and 315 families residing in the community. The population density was 251.7 inhabitants per square mile (97.2/km2). There were 553 housing units at an average density of 120.4 per square mile (46.5/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 96.37% White, 1.04% African American, 0.78% Native American, 0.43% Asian, 0.78% from other races, and 0.61% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.82% of the population.

There were 476 households, out of which 29.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.4% were married couples living together, 7.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.8% were non-families. 27.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.42 and the average family size was 2.93.

In the village the population was spread out, with 23.4% under the age of 18, 8.1% from 18 to 24, 24.0% from 25 to 44, 29.3% from 45 to 64, and 15.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.2 males.

The median income for a household in the community was $42,386, and the median income for a family was $52,000. Males had a median income of $36,250 versus $22,344 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $17,599. About 5.3% of families and 8.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.0% of those under age 18 and 4.7% of those age 65 or over.

1. "ArcGIS REST Services Directory". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved September 20, 2022.
2. "2010 Winning Town | Ultimate Fishing Town". *www.worldfishingnetwork.com*. Archived from the original on April 8, 2012.
3. "Niagara USA :: Olcott Beach is the Ultimate Fishing Town". *www.niagara-usa.com*. Archived from the original on July 28, 2013.
4. "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
5. "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2016.
6. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.

## InfoBox

| Olcott Beach | |
| --- | --- |
| CDP | |
| Olcott, New York | |
| Left to right from top: Olcott Light, Olcott Beach marina, Civil War Memorial | |
| Location in Niagara County and the state of New York. | |
| Olcott Beach | |
| Coordinates: 43°20′10″N 78°43′3″W / 43.33611°N 78.71750°W / 43.33611; -78.71750 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | New York |
| County | Niagara |
| Area | |
| Total | 4.37 sq mi (11.32 km2) |
| Land | 3.63 sq mi (9.40 km2) |
| Water | 0.74 sq mi (1.93 km2) |
| Elevation | 272 ft (83 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 1,072 |
| Density | 295.48/sq mi (114.10/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| ZIP code | 14126 |
| Area code | 716 |
| FIPS code | 36-54540 |
| GNIS feature ID | 0959245 |
| Website | townofnewfane.com |


title: Olifantsnek Dam

abstract: Olifantsnek Dam, is an arch type dam located on the Hex River, near Rustenburg, North West, South Africa. It was established in 1929. The dam has a capacity of 14,200,000 cubic metres (500,000,000 cu ft) and a surface area of 272 hectares, the wall is 30 metres (98 ft), and has a length of 129 metres (423 ft). The dam serves mainly for irrigation purposes and its hazard potential has been ranked high (3).

text:
# Olifantsnek Dam

**Olifantsnek Dam**, is an arch type dam located on the Hex River, near Rustenburg, North West, South Africa. It was established in 1929. The dam has a capacity of 14,200,000 cubic metres (500,000,000 cu ft) and a surface area of 272 hectares (670 acres), the wall is 30 metres (98 ft), and has a length of 129 metres (423 ft). The dam serves mainly for irrigation purposes and its hazard potential has been ranked high (3).

## InfoBox

| Olifantsnek Dam | |
| --- | --- |
| Aerial view of Olifantsnek Dam taken during ISS Expedition 19 | |
| Official name | Olifantsnek Dam |
| Country | South Africa |
| Location | Near Rustenburg, North West |
| Coordinates | 25°47′03″S 27°15′36″E / 25.78417°S 27.26000°E / -25.78417; 27.26000 |
| Purpose | Irrigation |
| Opening date | 1929 |
| Owner(s) | Department of Water Affairs |
| Dam and spillways | |
| Type of dam | Arch dam |
| Impounds | Hex River |
| Height | 30 m |
| Length | 129 m |
| Reservoir | |
| Creates | Olifantsnek Dam Reservoir |
| Total capacity | 14 200 000 m3 |
| Catchment area | 492 km2 |
| Surface area | 272 ha |


title: Switch Bitch

abstract: Switch Bitch (1974) is a book of adult short stories by British writer Roald Dahl. Four stories, originally published in Playboy between 1965 and 1974, are collected. They are linked by themes of rape by deception: in each one, some major act of cunning, cruelty, or hedonism underpins the sexuality. The book is notable for its introduction of the Uncle Oswald character, a wealthy hobbyist and gadabout who stars in both the first and last stories. He later appeared in Dahl's comic novel for adults, My Uncle Oswald. Oswald is a male fantasy figure described as "the greatest fornicator of all time", his adventures recounted by a nephew who inherits his diaries and decides to edit them for publication. Despite the stories in Switch Bitch being dark and cynical in tone, the Oswald tales are also humorous and satirical, resembling crude comic anecdotes.

text:
# Switch Bitch

***Switch Bitch*** (1974) is a book of adult short stories by British writer Roald Dahl. Four stories, originally published in *Playboy* between 1965 and 1974, are collected. They are linked by themes of rape by deception: in each one, some major act of cunning, cruelty, or hedonism underpins the sexuality.

The book is notable for its introduction of the Uncle Oswald character, a wealthy hobbyist and gadabout who stars in both the first and last stories. (Although the first story seemingly presages his imminent decline and death.) He later appeared in Dahl's comic novel for adults, *My Uncle Oswald*. Oswald is a male fantasy figure described as "the greatest fornicator of all time", his adventures recounted by a nephew who inherits his diaries and decides to edit them for publication. Despite the stories in *Switch Bitch* being dark and cynical in tone, the Oswald tales are also humorous and satirical, resembling crude comic anecdotes.

## Contents and introductions

### "The Visitor"

Wealthy gadabout Oswald Hendryks Cornelius is stranded in Cairo when a Syrian businessman picks him up by the side of the road and offers him a room for the night in his desert mansion. While there Oswald meets the man's wife and daughter, both of whom are extremely beautiful. A midnight liaison occurs and Oswald wonders whom it was he spent the night with, when the businessman reveals to him new information that could be fatal.

### "The Great Switcheroo"

Two middle-class suburban men at a neighbourhood party devise a ruse whereby each can sleep with the other's wife, without either wife realising the deception. They compare sexual techniques beforehand, and one receives a rude awakening the morning after.

### "The Last Act"

After being widowed a woman reconnects with the man she left for her late husband years ago. The man is a gynaecologist, recently separated, and unbeknownst to the woman still harbours a grudge for her breaking off their relationship. He begins to seduce her, and a terrible revenge ensues.

### "Bitch"

Oswald Cornelius becomes entangled with a Belgian olfactory expert who claims to have discovered an eighth smell-related nerve that, when stimulated, unlocks certain aspects of human sexual experience. The expert develops a perfume to stimulate the nerve, causing chaos when it is exposed during a high society dinner for an American women's movement that Oswald is attending.

## Reception

The stories have been criticised for their cruel and misogynistic elements. The central conceit of "The Last Act", in particular, has been described by Jeremy Treglown, Dahl's biographer, as having "no purpose as a mechanism other than to lead to a crudely sensationalist conclusion", and by British novelist Zoe Heller as describing "in obscene detail the rape of a menopausal woman by a gynecologist." In the same article for *The New Republic* she commented generally on Dahl's later adult stories: "the sexual sadism is at its crudest and the 'wit' at its most vestigial... \[they\] are almost unbearable to read."

Despite this negative reception, the stories have also been praised. Alfred Hitchcock, for whose television programme Dahl's story "Man from the South" was adapted, was fond of "The Visitor" and in later life recounted its plot on American talk shows as a dark joke.

## InfoBox

Switch Bitch
| First US edition | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Roald Dahl |
| Cover artist | Charles Shields (US) |
| Genre | Suspense, thriller |
| Publisher | Michael Joseph (UK)<br>Alfred A. Knopf (US) |
| Publication date | 1974 |
| Media type | Print |
| Pages | 140 |
| ISBN | 0-14-004179-6 |
| OCLC | 4800308 |


title: Ole A. Sæther

abstract: Ole Anton Sæther was a Norwegian entomologist. He was scientific assistant and university lecturer at Department of Limnology, University of Oslo, from 1960 to 1966; research scientist at Freshwater Institute, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada from 1966 to 1977; and professor of systematic zoology in the Museum of Zoology at the University of Bergen from 1977 to his retirement in 2006. He specialized in aquatic Diptera, especially Chironomidae and Chaoboridae. He penned about 265 academic publications; authored or co-authored 3 subfamilies, 42 genera or subgenera, and more than 300 species; and was a member of the editorial board of the journals Aquatic Insects and Acta Zoologicae Academiae Scientarum Hungaricae. He received an honorary degree at Nankai University in 2000 and was an honorary member of the Finnish Entomological Society. The festschrift Contributions to the Systematics and Ecology of Aquatic Diptera: A Tribute to Ole A. Sæther was released for his seventieth birthday. The genera Saetheria, Saetheriella, Saetheromyia, Saetherocladius, Saetherocryptus, Saetherops, Oleia, and Olecryptotendipes and the species Diamesa saetheri, Protanypus saetheri, Propsilocerus saetheri, Hydrobaenus saetheri, Limnophyes saetheri, Nanocladius saetheri, Orthocladius saetheri, Tanytarsus saetheri, and Tokunagaia oleantoni have been named after him. His contributions to the database Fauna Europaea, as an expert on Chironomidae, were much appreciated. He resided at Ulriksdal 1 in Bergen.

text:
# Ole A. Sæther

**Ole Anton Sæther** (9 December 1936 – 8 January 2013) was a Norwegian entomologist.

He was scientific assistant and university lecturer at Department of Limnology, University of Oslo, from 1960 to 1966; research scientist at Freshwater Institute, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada from 1966 to 1977; and professor of systematic zoology in the Museum of Zoology at the University of Bergen from 1977 to his retirement in 2006. He specialized in aquatic Diptera, especially Chironomidae and Chaoboridae. He penned about 265 academic publications (more than 5,500 pages); authored or co-authored 3 subfamilies, 42 genera or subgenera, and more than 300 species; and was a member of the editorial board of the journals *Aquatic Insects* and *Acta Zoologicae Academiae Scientarum Hungaricae*. He received an honorary degree at Nankai University in 2000 and was an honorary member of the Finnish Entomological Society.

The festschrift *Contributions to the Systematics and Ecology of Aquatic Diptera: A Tribute to Ole A. Sæther* was released for his seventieth birthday. The genera *Saetheria*, *Saetheriella*, *Saetheromyia*, *Saetherocladius, Saetherocryptus, Saetherops, Oleia,* and *Olecryptotendipes* and the species *Diamesa saetheri*, *Protanypus saetheri*, *Propsilocerus saetheri*, *Hydrobaenus saetheri*, *Limnophyes saetheri, Nanocladius saetheri, Orthocladius saetheri, Tanytarsus saetheri*, and *Tokunagaia oleantoni* have been named after him. His contributions to the database Fauna Europaea, as an expert on Chironomidae, were much appreciated.

He resided at Ulriksdal 1 in Bergen.

## InfoBox

| Ole A. Sæther | |
| --- | --- |
| Ole Anton Sæther at the International Symposium on Chironomidae at Trondheim | |
| Born | (1936-12-09)December 9, 1936<br>Kristiansand, Norway |
| Died | January 8, 2013(2013-01-08) (aged 76) |
| Nationality | Norwegian |
| Alma mater | University of Oslo |
| Known for | Chironomidae |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Entomology |
|  | |


title: Ole Aarsvold

abstract: Ole L. Aarsvold is an American politician, farmer, and educator from Blanchard, North Dakota, who served in the North Dakota House of Representatives from 1989 to 2008, representing the 20th legislative district of North Dakota as a Democrat.

text:
# Ole Aarsvold

**Ole L. Aarsvold** (born November 6, 1940) is an American politician, farmer, and educator from Blanchard, North Dakota, who served in the North Dakota House of Representatives from 1989 to 2008, representing the 20th legislative district of North Dakota as a Democrat.

## Early life and education

Aarsvold was born in Mayville, North Dakota, on November 6, 1940. He graduated from Mayville State University in 1963 with a Bachelor of Science. In 1967, Aarsolvd graduated from the University of North Dakota with a Master of Science.

## Career

Aarsvold served in the North Dakota House of Representatives from 1989 to 2008, representing the 20th legislative district of North Dakota as a Democrat. He was an unsuccessful candidate for re-election in 2008.

### Committees

During his time in office, Aarsvold served on the following committees:

#### Interim

* Budget Section
* Education Services Committee
* Legislative Audit and Fiscal Review Committee
* Higher Education Committee
* Legislative Redistricting Committee
* Budget and Finance Committee
* Natural Resources Committee

#### Standing

* Appropriations
* Appropriations - Education and Environment Division

#### Procedural

* Correction and Revision of the Journal

#### North Dakota Statutory Committee

* State Board of Agricultural Research and Education

Outside of the North Dakota Legislature, Aarsvold served as director of the Traill County Farmers Union, treasurer of the Blanchard Lutheran Church, and director of Red River Human Services.

Outside of politics, Aarsvold worked as a farmer and educator.

## Political positions

During his time in office, Aarsvold received a 100% rating from Gun Owners of America in 2000 and an A rating from the National Rifle Association of America in 2004.

In 2005, Aarsvold received 100% ratings from the North Dakota Farmers Union, Nodak Outdoors, and North Dakota AFL-CIO.

## Personal life

Aarsvold is married and has three children. He currently resides in Blanchard, North Dakota.

Aarsvold is a Lutheran.

## InfoBox

| Ole Aarsvold | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the North Dakota House of Representatives
from the 20th district | |
| **In office**
1989–2008 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Ole L. Aarsvold
(1940-11-06) November 6, 1940
Mayville, North Dakota, U.S. |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse | Marilyn Aarsvold |
| Children | 3 |
| Residence(s) | Blanchard, North Dakota, U.S. |
| Education | Mayville State University (BS)
University of North Dakota (MS) |
| Occupation | Politician, farmer, educator |
|  | |


title: Oligostomis

abstract: Oligostomis is a genus of giant casemakers in the family Phryganeidae. There are at least four described species in Oligostomis.

text:
# Oligostomis

***Oligostomis*** is a genus of giant casemakers in the family Phryganeidae. There are at least four described species in *Oligostomis*.

## Species

These four species belong to the genus *Oligostomis*:

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| *Oligostomis* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Oligostomis reticulata* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Trichoptera |
| Family: | Phryganeidae |
| Genus: | *Oligostomis*<br>Kolenati, 1848 |
|


title: Olepa koslandana

abstract: Olepa koslandana is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Orhant in 1986. It is found in India and Sri Lanka.

text:
# Olepa koslandana

***Olepa koslandana*** is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Orhant in 1986. It is found in India and Sri Lanka.

## InfoBox

| *Olepa koslandana* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Erebidae |
| Subfamily: | Arctiinae |
| Genus: | *Olepa* |
| Species: | ***O. koslandana*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Olepa koslandana***<br>Orhant, 1986 | |
|


title: Olivella ephamilla

abstract: Olivella ephamilla is a species of small sea snail, marine gastropod mollusk in the subfamily Olivellinae, in the family Olividae, the olives. Species in the genus Olivella are commonly called dwarf olives.

text:
# Olivella ephamilla

***Olivella ephamilla*** is a species of small sea snail, marine gastropod mollusk in the subfamily Olivellinae, in the family Olividae, the olives. Species in the genus Olivella are commonly called dwarf olives.

## Description

## Distribution

## InfoBox

| *Olivella ephamilla* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Family: | Olividae |
| Genus: | *Olivella* |
| Species: | ***O. ephamilla*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Olivella ephamilla***<br>Watson, 1882 | |
|


title: Oliver Herring

abstract: Oliver Herring is an experimental artist based in Brooklyn, New York. His works include knitting Mylar, participatory performances, styrofoam photo sculptures and video.

text:
# Oliver Herring

**Oliver Herring** (born 1964 in Heidelberg, Germany) is an experimental artist based in Brooklyn, New York. His works include knitting Mylar, participatory performances, styrofoam photo sculptures and video.

## Biography

Herring as born in Heidelberg Germany in 1964. He earned his BFA at The Ruskin School of Drawing and Fine Art, University of Oxford. He went on to Hunter College in New York where he got his MFA.

## Work

Oliver Herring started his art career as a painter with very colorful and expressive works. When Ethyl Eichelberger committed suicide in 1991, Herring started knitting Mylar to pay respect to him. Herring knit the transparent tape into colorless human figures, clothing and furniture. When they were on display, he chose the Mylar clothing to be hung or placed in a way that it looks like the shape they would be if worn.

### Performance video art

Herring moved from knitting Mylar to video and participatory performances in 1998. His videos were primarily stop motion. When he was sitting in his knitting chair for hours on end, knitting, his mind would wonder and his stop motion videos expressed his thoughts. In his video *Exit*, he starts out in his knitting chair, than through stop motion he bounds out of it in a flight of fancy. He flies from his chair into the air in a jerky movement. The next scene he has long white hair, still flying through the air.

In the participatory performances he replaces himself with his friends and strangers to star in the videos. He incorporates stop motion video in these as well. Herring cared more about the process then he did about the medium which is why his video was not high quality and his stop motion was jerky.

Herring does not like the term act or actor because he believes the people end up contributing to his art and it becomes a collaboration. Herring said “I don’t think of the people I work with as models or actors. They are people who are willing to sacrifice their time for me.” \[PBS\]

One of his most famous experiments is Spitting Food Dye, similar to Spit Reverse. These experiments consists of strangers he found who would dress in a white shirt, black pants and spit food dye out of their mouths into the air and back on their faces. After hours of this, they were tired with dye all over their faces, he would photograph them. He would repeat this with different people. The photographs would be placed on display, where people are able to compare them next to each other.

### Photo sculpture

For the Styrofoam Photo sculpture, Herring starts with a polystyrene base and pastes thousands of cut up photographs to the base. “Gloria”, one of his most famous sculptures, is of a girl leaning against a wall in a colorful flower dress holding her necklace. Herring took pictures from every angle of her and he cut and pasted them on the base to form the sculpture.

### TASK parties

Beginning in 2002 Herring organized a series of participatory improvisational art events known as TASK parties. To find an interview with Herring discussing his personal thoughts on TASK.

## InfoBox

| Oliver Herring | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1964
Heidelberg, Germany |
| Nationality | German-American |
| Education | The Ruskin School of Drawing and Fine Art
Hunter College |


title: Oligohymenophorea

abstract: The Oligohymenophorea are a large class of ciliates. There is typically a ventral groove containing the mouth and distinct oral cilia, separate from those of the body. These include a paroral membrane to the right of the mouth and membranelles, usually three in number, to its left. The cytopharynx is inconspicuous and never forms the complex cyrtos found in similar classes. Body cilia generally arise from monokinetids, with dikinetids occurring in limited distribution over part of the body.

text:
# Oligohymenophorea

The **Oligohymenophorea** are a large class of ciliates. There is typically a ventral groove containing the mouth and distinct oral cilia, separate from those of the body. These include a paroral membrane to the right of the mouth and membranelles, usually three in number, to its left. The cytopharynx is inconspicuous and never forms the complex cyrtos found in similar classes. Body cilia generally arise from monokinetids, with dikinetids occurring in limited distribution over part of the body.

## Characteristics

In most groups the body cilia are uniform and often dense, while the oral cilia are inconspicuous and sometimes reduced, but among the peritrichs almost the opposite is the case. Members are widely distributed, and include many free-living (typically fresh-water, but many marine) and symbiotic forms. Most are microphagous, grazing on smaller organisms swept into the mouth by the cilia, but various other feeding habits occur. In one group, the astomes, the mouth and associated structures have been lost altogether.

The Oligohymenophorea were first proposed in 1974 as one of three classes of ciliates, together with the Polyhymenophorea or spirotrichs and the now abandoned Kinetofragmophora. Since then the apostomes have been added, but otherwise its composition has remained relatively constant, with the main variations being the positions of the peniculids and plagiopylids.

## List of orders

According to the WoRMS:

## InfoBox

| Oligohymenophorea | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Paramecium aurelia* (Order Peniculida) | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| *Clade*: | Diaphoretickes |
| *Clade*: | SAR |
| *Clade*: | Alveolata |
| Phylum: | Ciliophora |
| Subphylum: | Intramacronucleata |
| Infraphylum: | Ventrata |
| Class: | Oligohymenophorea<br>de Puytorac, Batisse, Bohatier, Corliss, Deroux, Didier, Dragesco, Fryd-Versavel, Grain, Grollere, Horasse, Mode, Laval, Roque, Savoie & Tuffrau, 1974 |
|
| Subclasses | |
|  | |


title: Olesin, Puławy County

abstract: Olesin is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kurów, within Puławy County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland.

text:
# Olesin, Puławy County

**Olesin** \[ɔˈlɛɕin\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kurów, within Puławy County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland.

## InfoBox

| Olesin | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Monument in Olesin | |
| Olesin | |
| Coordinates: 51°22′50″N 22°11′48″E / 51.38056°N 22.19667°E / 51.38056; 22.19667 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Lublin |
| County | Puławy |
| Gmina | Kurów |
| Population | 343 |


title: Switch Aberdeen

abstract: Switch Aberdeen is the name of the DAB multiplex operator for the Aberdeen area. The company was one of two applicants for the licence - the other was from Score Digital. The service is currently carried on four transmitters and as required, has to carry the two BBC regional services, BBC Radio Scotland and BBC Radio nan Gaidheal.

text:
# Switch Aberdeen

**Switch Aberdeen** is the name of the DAB multiplex operator for the Aberdeen area. The company was one of two applicants for the licence - the other was from Score Digital. The service is currently carried on four transmitters and as required, has to carry the two BBC regional services, BBC Radio Scotland and BBC Radio nan Gaidheal.

## Transmitter sites

Switch Aberdeen currently broadcasts on the following sites:

| Transmitter | kW | Area |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Meldrum | 8.51 | Most of Aberdeenshire |
| Durris | 2 | Stonehaven & Southern Aberdeenshire |
| Mormond Hill | 1 | Peterhead & Fraserburgh |
| Redmoss | 1 | South Aberdeen |

## Current line-up of services

The stations currently carried on Switch Aberdeen are:

| Service | Service ID | Bit rate | Audio channels | Description | Analogue availability |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| BBC Radio nan Gàidheal | C336 | 128 kbit/s | Joint stereo | BBC regional service | 103.5 - 105.0 MHz
810 kHz |
| BBC Radio Scotland | C635 | 128 kbit/s | Joint stereo | BBC regional service | 92.4 - 94.7 MHz |
| Northsound 1 | C8B1 | 128 kbit/s | Joint stereo | Bauer FM service | 96.9 MHz (Aberdeenshire)
97.6 MHz (Aberdeen)
103.0 MHz (Peterhead) |
| Greatest Hits Radio | C1C9 | 128 kbit/s | Joint stereo | Bauer former AM service | none |
| Original 106 |  | 112 kbit/s | Joint stereo | Local FM music station | 106.8 MHz (Aberdeenshire)
106.3 MHz (Aberdeen)
106.3 MHz (Peterhead) |
| Original 106 Gold |  | 112 kbit/s | Joint stereo | Local non-stop oldies station | none |
| talkRADIO | C0D8 | 64 kbit/s | Mono | News/discussion | none |
| talkSPORT Scotland | C6CE | 64 kbit/s | Mono | Sport | none |
| talkSPORT 2 | C1D8 | 64 kbit/s | Mono | Sport | none |
| Virgin Radio | C3D8 | 64 kbit/s | Mono | Indie/alternative | none |
| Coast Radio |  | 64 kbit/s | Mono | Buchan area, FM community station | 101.2 MHz (Peterhead) |

## Original line-up

The following is the original line-up on the platform and what happened, if anything.

| Service | Description | Current status |
| --- | --- | --- |
| BBC Radio nan Gàidheal | BBC regional Gaelic service | Still operating |
| BBC Radio Scotland | BBC regional service | Still operating |
| The Lounge | Easy listening and smooth classics | Closed by The Wireless Group in Spring 2002 cost-cutting exercise, replaced with Smash Hits Radio, in turn replaced by Kiss Fresh |
| Ministry of Sound Radio | The "Digital Dancefloor" | Closed in December 2002, replaced by Kiss |
| NECR | Local community radio service | Closed August 2018 |
| Northsound 1 | Local FM service | Still operating, with local breakfast show |
| Northsound 2 | Local AM service | Closed in 2023 |
| The Rhythm | Classic soul hits | Service was never launched |
| Ritz Country | Country music | Company went bust, eventually replaced with Kerrang! 105.2 |
| Waves FM | Local service for Peterhead | service withdrawn in 2023 |

## Other services

The following list are other services which were available at some point on the platform:

| Service | What happened |
| --- | --- |
| Kiss | Replaced by Magic 105.4 in May 2008. Kiss later returned to the multiplex but was removed once again after Kiss started broadcasting nationally on Digital One |
| Magic 105.4 | Replaced by Kiss |
| Smash Hits Radio | Removed by Bauer Radio in February 2006, never replaced |
| Original 106 | Tested briefly in 2013. Original 106 resumed full DAB transmissions 26 June 2019 |
| Mearns FM | Stonehaven based community station, withdrew from DAB in 2022 |
| Pure Radio | Rebroadcast of central belt DAB station, closed in September 2023 |

1. Radiocentre Commercial Radio Pocket Booklet 2007
2. Radio Listeners Guide 2010
3. "DAB Ensembles WorldWide | UK Local & Small-Scale".
4. Radio Authority & CRCA Pocket Booklets (2000 - 2007)

## InfoBox

Switch Aberdeen
| Licensed area | Aberdeenshire |
| --- | --- |
| Frequency | 11C (220.352 MHz) |
| Air date | 3 December 2001 |
| Owner | Wireless Group |
| Website | switchdigital.com |


title: Olesin, Turek County

abstract: Olesin is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Władysławów, within Turek County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) north of Władysławów, 16 km (10 mi) north of Turek, and 109 km (68 mi) east of the regional capital Poznań.

text:
# Olesin, Turek County

**Olesin** \[ɔˈlɛɕin\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Władysławów, within Turek County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) north of Władysławów, 16 km (10 mi) north of Turek, and 109 km (68 mi) east of the regional capital Poznań.

## InfoBox

| Olesin | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Olesin | |
| Coordinates: 52°9′12″N 18°27′45″E / 52.15333°N 18.46250°E / 52.15333; 18.46250 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Greater Poland |
| County | Turek |
| Gmina | Władysławów |