title: What's Your Country Song

abstract: "What's Your Country Song" is a song recorded by American country pop singer Thomas Rhett for his fifth studio album, Country Again: Side A (2021). The song was written by Rhett, Ashley Gorley, Jesse Frasure, Parker Welling, and Rhett Akins, while produced by Frasure and Dann Huff. The song was inspired by Rhett's road travels across the United States. It was released by Valory on November 11, 2020, as the lead single from the album. The lyrics include a series of questions and directly reference the titles of 16 other country songs, including Akins' "That Ain't My Truck". The song received generally positive reviews from music critics, particularly for its nostalgic quality and referential lyrics. The song reached number one on the US Billboard Country Airplay, Billboard Hot Country Songs, and Canada Billboard Country charts, becoming Rhett's 16th number one single on the first chart. It also peaked in the top 40 on the Billboard Hot 100 and the Canadian Hot 100. The music video for "What's Your Country Song", which was directed by TK McKamy, intersperses clips of Rhett singing and playing guitar, people living in the countryside, and a high school homecoming football game. Rhett performed the song on television for the first time at the 56th Academy of Country Music Awards in April 2021, and on The Ellen DeGeneres Show the following month.

text:
# What's Your Country Song

"**What's Your Country Song**" is a song recorded by American country pop singer Thomas Rhett for his fifth studio album, *Country Again: Side A* (2021). The song was written by Rhett, Ashley Gorley, Jesse Frasure, Parker Welling, and Rhett Akins, while produced by Frasure and Dann Huff. The song was inspired by Rhett's road travels across the United States. It was released by Valory on November 11, 2020, as the lead single from the album. The lyrics include a series of questions and directly reference the titles of 16 other country songs, including Akins' "That Ain't My Truck". The song received generally positive reviews from music critics, particularly for its nostalgic quality and referential lyrics.

The song reached number one on the US *Billboard* Country Airplay, *Billboard* Hot Country Songs, and Canada *Billboard* Country charts, becoming Rhett's 16th number one single on the first chart. It also peaked in the top 40 on the *Billboard* Hot 100 and the Canadian Hot 100. The music video for "What's Your Country Song", which was directed by TK McKamy, intersperses clips of Rhett singing and playing guitar, people living in the countryside, and a high school homecoming football game. Rhett performed the song on television for the first time at the 56th Academy of Country Music Awards in April 2021, and on *The Ellen DeGeneres Show* the following month.

## Background and production

Rhett wrote "What's Your Country Song" in mid-2019 with his father Rhett Akins, along with Ashley Gorley, Jesse Frasure, and Parker Welling. The song was written in a hotel room during a stop of Rhett's Very Hot Summer Tour in Dallas, Texas, for promotion of his fourth studio album *Center Point Road* (2019). It was the first of several songs written on the trip. In an interview with Kelleigh Bannen, Rhett described the tracks from *Country Again: Side A* as venturing towards making the type of music that he wanted to, as part of a shift that had "been happening since the beginning of 2019". In a statement, he explained that the inspiration of the song came from his experiences of "traveling on the road and getting to meet people from the country, from California to New York".

According to Rhett, the song was difficult to write because the chorus was written before the verses, a deviation from his typical songwriting process. It originated as a piano vocal, and production was later added to Rhett's satisfaction. Like the other tracks from *Country Again: Side A*, the song was produced by Frasure and Dann Huff. It was programmed by Frasure, David Huff, and Justin Niebank.

## Music and lyrics

Musically, "What's Your Country Song" is a country and country rock track, and has a length of two minutes and 51 seconds. It features an electric guitar solo by Huff and additional instrumentals, including acoustic, steel, and bass guitars, Dobro, ganjo, piano, and drums. The lyrics include a series of questions about one's life and memories, culminating in the title question about one's favorite country song. Explaining the intent, Rhett stated that the song "really is just about, what is your country song?", and it was written to evoke a feeling of nostalgia in the listener. Rhett references the titles of many other country songs, including both classic hits and newer songs. The writers experimented with various combinations of song titles and produced multiple versions of "What's Your Country Song" before finalizing the list. The 16 country songs referenced in the released version are:

The song's lyrical style has been compared to "90's Country", a song by Walker Hayes with lyrics that reference the titles of 22 country songs from the 1990s. According to Rhett, each of the songs referenced in "What's Your Country Song" was influential to his artistic development.

## Release and promotion

Rhett posted a slow-tempo acoustic clip of "What's Your Country Song" on his Instagram account in April 2020, shortly after he began quarantining at home due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The video received favorable comments from fellow country singers, including Jake Owen and Jimmie Allen, and was viewed over one million times. Rhett teased the song's cover art via his Twitter account on November 6, 2020. The song was released as the lead single from *Country Again: Side A* on November 11, 2020, the same day as the 54th Annual Country Music Association Awards, where Rhett received two nominations.

In April 2021, Rhett performed "Country Again" and "What's Your Country Song" at the 56th Academy of Country Music Awards, where he won Male Artist of the Year. After a seated acoustic performance of one verse and the chorus of "Country Again", he rose from his chair and transitioned into "What's Your Country Song", accompanied by a backing band. This marked the first performance of either song and was praised by Andrew Unterberger of *Billboard*, who called it a "rocking performance". He performed the song as a musical guest for *The Ellen DeGeneres Show* on May 5, 2021.

## Critical reception

James Daykin of *Lyric Magazine* named "What's Your Country Song" as the best song on *Country Again: Side A*, calling it a "glorious, slick, smooth nod to the great country songs of the past" and favorably making a comparison to Old Dominion's "Song for Another Time", which similarly references the titles of classic songs. Madeline Christy, writing for *Off the Record*, praised the song's "nostalgic lyrics", and Madeline Crone of *American Songwriter* described it as a celebration of the country music community following a divisive year. Providing a mixed review for *MusicRow*, Robert K. Oermann characterized the song as an "anthem with an uplifting mood", but criticized the production and audio quality. In a less favorable review, a reviewer for the *Shenzhen Daily* called the song "nothing brand-new or earth shattering" compared to Rhett's previous work, but conceded that it is "simple, relatable, and enjoyable".

The song reached number one on the US *Billboard* Country Airplay and Hot Country Songs charts dated March 27, 2021, becoming Rhett's 16th number one single on the Country Airplay chart. The song was his second number one on the Hot Country Songs chart, following "Die a Happy Man" in 2015. It also peaked at number 29 on the US *Billboard* Hot 100, Rhett's highest position on the chart since "Die a Happy Man" reached number 21 in 2016. In April 2021, the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) certified the song gold for track-equivalent sales of 500,000 units in the United States. In Canada, "What's Your Country Song" reached number one on the *Billboard* Country chart dated March 6, 2021, and peaked at number 37 on the *Billboard* Canadian Hot 100. It was certified gold in the country by Music Canada (MC). In Australia, the song charted at number three on the Australian Country Hot 50, published by *The Music Network*.

## Music video

Rhett posted a brief clip of the music video for "What's Your Country Song" via social media on November 11, 2020, the day of the song's release. The full music video was released on Rhett's YouTube channel two days later. It was directed by TK McKamy, who directed many of Rhett's previous music videos, including "Crash and Burn", "Die a Happy Man", and "Marry Me". Rhett said that he wanted the music video to remind viewers of a familiar moment in their life and capture the feeling of listening to a nostalgic song.

The music video is composed of interspersed clips of a family living in the countryside, performing various activities including chasing chickens on a farm, attending a bonfire, and singing with friends. Part of the video was filmed during the homecoming football game at Blackman High School in Murfreesboro, Tennessee, featuring the school's football team and cheerleaders. The clips are intercut with shots of Rhett walking through a cornfield and playing guitar. The music video was produced with film grain quality video and an autumn color palette. The visual was nominated for Male Video of the Year at the 2021 CMT Music Awards.

## Credits and personnel

Credits are adapted from the liner notes of *Country Again: Side A*.

* Tyler Chiarelli   Dobro
* Paul Franklin   steel guitar
* Jesse Frasure   acoustic guitar, programming, synth bass
* Dann Huff   electric guitar, electric guitar solo, ganjo
* David Huff   programming
* Charlie Judge   keyboards, piano
* Chris Kimmerer   drums
* Justin Niebank   programming
* Josh Reedy   background vocals
* Thomas Rhett   lead vocals, background vocals
* Jimmie Lee Sloas   bass guitar
* Ilya Toshinsky   acoustic guitar
* Derek Wells   electric guitar

## Charts

## Certifications

Certifications and sales for "What's Your Country Song"
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Australia (ARIA) | Gold | 35,000 |
| Canada (Music Canada) | Gold | 40,000 |
| United States (RIAA) | 2× Platinum | 2,000,000 |
| Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## InfoBox

| "What's Your Country Song" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Thomas Rhett | |
| from the album  *Country Again: Side A* | |
| Written | 2019 |
| Released | November 11, 2020 (2020-11-11) |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 2:51 |
| Label | Valory |
| Songwriter(s) |  |
| Producer(s) |  |
| Thomas Rhett singles chronology | |
| "Be a Light"
(2020) "**What's Your Country Song**"
(2020) "God Who Listens"
(2021) | |
|  | |
| Music video | |
| "What's Your Country Song" on YouTube | |
|  | |


title: İkizdere District

abstract: İkizdere District is a district of the Rize Province of Turkey. Its seat is the town of İkizdere. Its area is 855 km⁲, and its population is 6,409 (2021).

text:
# İkizdere District

**İkizdere District** is a district of the Rize Province of Turkey. Its seat is the town of İkizdere. Its area is 855 km2, and its population is 6,409 (2021).

## Composition

There is one municipality in İkizdere District:

There are 29 villages in İkizdere District:

* Ayvalık (*Kapse*)
* Ballıköy (*Anzer*)
* Başköy
* Bayırköy (*Kolyav*)
* Çamlıkköy
* Çataltepe
* Cevizlik (*Plakorum*)
* Çiçekli
* Çifteköprü
* Demirkapı (*Homeze*)
* Dereköy
* Diktaş (*İksenit*)
* Eskice (*Haya*)
* Gölyayla (*Kabahor*)
* Güneyce (*Varda*)
* Gürdere (*Etmone*)
* Güvenköy
* Ihlamur
* Ilıcaköy (*Vane*)
* Kama
* Meşeköy (*Petran*)
* Ortaköy (*Cimil*)
* Rüzgarlı (*Mize*)
* Sivrikaya (*Köhser*)
* Şimşirli (*Gomes*)
* Tozköy (*Mahura*)
* Tulumpınar
* Yağcılar (*Vilköy*)
* Yerelma (*Cavatoz*)

## InfoBox

| İkizdere District | |
| --- | --- |
| District | |
| Map showing İkizdere District in Rize Province | |
| İkizdere DistrictLocation in Turkey | |
| Coordinates: 40°43′N 40°37′E / 40.717°N 40.617°E / 40.717; 40.617 | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Rize |
| Seat | İkizdere |
| Government | |
| Kaymakam | Mustafa Salih Bayram |
| Area | 855 km2 (330 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 6,409 |
| Density | 7.5/km2 (19/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |
| Website | www.ikizdere.gov.tr |


title: Ǹ

abstract: Ǹ, ǹ (n-grave) is a letter in the Yoruba language to place emphasis on the consonant; however, this rarely occurs. It is also part of the digraph ǹg in Hokkien Pe̍h-ōe-jī, which is used as a syllabic voiced velar nasal in the third tone.

text:
# Ǹ

**Ǹ**, **ǹ** (-grave) is a letter in the Yoruba language to place emphasis on the consonant; however, this rarely occurs. It is also part of the digraph ǹg in Hokkien Pe̍h-ōe-jī, which is used as a syllabic voiced velar nasal in the third tone (Chinese: 陰去; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: *im-khì*; lit. 'dark departing').

## Character mappings

| Charset | Unicode |
| --- | --- |
| Upper case Ǹ | U+01F8 |
| Lower case ǹ | U+01F9 |


title: Świnków, Greater Poland Voivodeship

abstract: Świnków is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Krotoszyn, within Krotoszyn County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 12 kilometres (7 mi) east of Krotoszyn and 93 km (58 mi) south-east of the regional capital Poznań.

text:
# Świnków, Greater Poland Voivodeship

**Świnków** \[ˈɕfinkuf\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Krotoszyn, within Krotoszyn County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately 12 kilometres (7 mi) east of Krotoszyn and 93 km (58 mi) south-east of the regional capital Poznań.

## InfoBox

| Świnków | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Świnków | |
| Coordinates: 51°41′N 17°36′E / 51.683°N 17.600°E / 51.683; 17.600 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Greater Poland |
| County | Krotoszyn |
| Gmina | Krotoszyn |


title: Řenče

abstract: Řenče is a municipality and village in Plzeň-South District in the Plzeň Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 900 inhabitants. Řenče lies approximately 19 kilometres (12 mi) south of Plzeň and 92 km (57 mi) south-west of Prague.

text:
# Řenče

**Řenče** is a municipality and village in Plzeň-South District in the Plzeň Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 900 inhabitants.

Řenče lies approximately 19 kilometres (12 mi) south of Plzeň and 92 km (57 mi) south-west of Prague.

## Administrative parts

The villages of Háje, Knihy, Libákovice, Osek, Plevňov and Vodokrty are administrative parts of Řenče.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1869 | 1,408 |  |
| 1880 | 1,423 | +1.1% |
| 1890 | 1,370 | −3.7% |
| 1900 | 1,328 | −3.1% |
| 1910 | 1,433 | +7.9% |
| 1921 | 1,459 | +1.8% |
| 1930 | 1,324 | −9.3% |
| 1950 | 1,081 | −18.4% |
| 1961 | 1,058 | −2.1% |
| 1970 | 961 | −9.2% |
| 1980 | 887 | −7.7% |
| 1991 | 847 | −4.5% |
| 2001 | 880 | +3.9% |
| 2011 | 881 | +0.1% |
| 2021 | 877 | −0.5% |
| Source: Censuses | | |

## InfoBox

| Řenče | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Háje, a part of Řenče | |
| ŘenčeLocation in the Czech Republic | |
| Coordinates: 49°34′48″N 13°24′52″E / 49.58000°N 13.41444°E / 49.58000; 13.41444 | |
| Country | Czech Republic |
| Region | Plzeň |
| District | Plzeň-South |
| First mentioned | 1379 |
| Area | |
| Total | 26.16 km2 (10.10 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 432 m (1,417 ft) |
| Population (2024-01-01) | |
| Total | 919 |
| Density | 35/km2 (91/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 334 01 |
| Website | www.rence.cz |


title: Şıxımlı, Kurdamir

abstract: Şıxımlı is a village and municipality in the Kurdamir Rayon of Azerbaijan.

text:
# Şıxımlı, Kurdamir

40°22′54″N 48°11′41″E / 40.38167°N 48.19472°E / 40.38167; 48.19472

**Şıxımlı** (also, **Shikhimly** and **Shykhymly**) is a village and municipality in the Kurdamir Rayon of Azerbaijan.

## InfoBox

| Şıxımlı | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Şıxımlı | |
| Coordinates: 40°22′54″N 48°11′41″E / 40.38167°N 48.19472°E / 40.38167; 48.19472 | |
| Country | Azerbaijan |
| Rayon | Kurdamir |
| Time zone | UTC+4 (AZT) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+5 (AZT) |


title: Śleszów

abstract: Śleszów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jemielno, within Góra County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Prior to 1945 it was in Germany.

text:
# Śleszów

**Śleszów** \[ˈɕlɛʂuf\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jemielno, within Góra County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Prior to 1945 it was in Germany.

## InfoBox

| Śleszów | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Śleszów | |
| Coordinates: 51°32′48″N 16°32′09″E / 51.54667°N 16.53583°E / 51.54667; 16.53583 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Lower Silesian |
| County | Góra |
| Gmina | Jemielno |


title: Šahrestānīhā ī Ērānšahr

abstract: Šahrestānīhā ī Ērānšahr is a surviving Middle Persian text on geography, which was completed in the late eighth or early ninth centuries AD. The text gives a numbered list of the cities of Eranshahr and their history and importance for Persian history. The text itself has indication that it was also redacted at the time of Khosrow II in 7th century as it mentions several places in Africa and Persian Gulf conquered by the Sasanians. The book serves as a source for works on Middle Iranian languages, a source on Sasanian administrative geography and history, as well as a source of historical records concerning names of the Sasanian kings as the builder of the various cities. The text provide information on the Persian epic, the Xwadāy-nāmag. The book may be the same as "Ayādgār ī Šahrīhā" named in the Bundahishn and said to have been written following an order of Kavad I.

text:
# Šahrestānīhā ī Ērānšahr

***Šahrestānīhā ī Ērānšahr*** (lit.'The Provincial Capitals of Iran') is a surviving Middle Persian text on geography, which was completed in the late eighth or early ninth centuries AD. The text gives a numbered list of the cities of Eranshahr and their history and importance for Persian history. The text itself has indication that it was also redacted at the time of Khosrow II (r. 590–628) in 7th century as it mentions several places in Africa and Persian Gulf conquered by the Sasanians.

The book serves as a source for works on Middle Iranian languages, a source on Sasanian administrative geography and history, as well as a source of historical records concerning names of the Sasanian kings as the builder of the various cities. The text provide information on the Persian epic, the *Xwadāy-nāmag* (*lit.* “Book of Kings”).

The book may be the same as "Ayādgār ī Šahrīhā" (*lit.* “Memoir of Cities") named in the *Bundahishn* and said to have been written following an order of Kavad I.

## Terms Eran and Eranshahr

The terms Eranshahr () and Eran were in use in Sasanian Iran. From early Sasanian era (Ardashir I and Shapur I's elaborations), as a designation of their land they adopted Ērānšahr “Land of the Aryans” and this served as the official name of their country.

Ardashir I, who was the first king of the Sasanian Empire, had used the older word ērān (Parthian *aryān*) as part of his titles and in accordance with its etymology. At Naqsh-e Rostam in Fars province and the issued coins of the same period, Ardashir I calls himself *Ardašīr šāhānšāh ērān* in the Middle Persian version and *šāhānšāh aryān* in its Parthian version both meaning “king of kings of the Aryans.” His son Shapur I referred to himself as *šāhānšāh ērān ud anērān* (*lit.* "king of kings of the Aryans and the Non-Aryans") in Middle Persian and *šāhānšāh aryān ud anaryān* in Parthian. Later kings used the same or similar phrases. and these titles became the standard designations of the Sasanian sovereigns.

However the major trilingual (Middle Persian, Parthian, and Greek) inscription of Shapur I at the Ka'ba-ye Zartosht in Fars, introduces another term *ērānšahr* in Middle Persian and *aryānšahr* in Parthian. Shapur's declaration reads *an. . .ērānšahr xwadāy hēm..* (*lit.* “I am lord of the kingdom (Gk. nation) of the Aryans”). This follows his title “king of kings of the Aryans,” and thus makes it "very likely" that ērānšahr "properly denoted the empire". Next to Darius's inscription, this inscription of Shapur at walls of Ka'ba-ye Zartosht is among the most important inscriptional records. It records parts of Persian-Roman wars and gives "a clear picture of the extent of his empire" by naming of provinces, mentioning religious foundations and mentioning senior officials of the court of Papak, Ardashir and Shapur I. According to the inscription, after death of Shapur's father and his accession, the Roman emperor Gordianus III “marched on Assyria, against Ērānšahr and against us”.

Beside the royal title, the term "Eran" was also used as an abbreviation of "Eranshahr" and referred to the empire in the early Sasanian era. In this case the Roman west was correspondingly referred to as “anērān”. As references to empires, Eran and Aneran occur already in a calendrical text from Mānī (dating back probably to Ardashir I's era.) This shorter term "Eran" appears in the names of the towns build by Shapur I and his successors as well as in the titles of several high-ranking administrative officials and military commanders. For the former there are examples such as "Eran-xwarrah-Shapur" (The glory of Eran (of) Shapur), "Eran-ashan-kard-kavad" (Kavad pacified Eran) and for the latter "Eran-amargar" (Accountant-General), ”Eran-dibīrbed" (Chief Secretary), ”Eran-drustbed“ (Chief Medical Officer), ”Eran-hambāragbed" (Commander of the Arsenal), and ”Eran-spāhbed“ (Commander-in-Chief).

## Kusts of Eranshahr

According to the book and as an ancient Iranian tradition, Ērānšahr is divided into four "mythologically and mentally" defined regions or sides called *kust*s. These parts/regions/sides of the state during and after Khosrow I, on the pattern of the four cardinal points, are (1) Xwarāsān “northeast”; (2) Xwarwarān “southwest”; (3) Nēmrōz “southeast”; and (4) Ādurbādagān “northwest”.

The kusts were named diagonally beginning from northeast to southwest, and from southeast to northwest-a style likely following an Old Persian tradition in naming satraps. The usual Middle Persian term "abāxtar" (loanword from MIr.s: *abāxtar*, *abarag* \<Av.: *apāxtara*) used for northern direction in ancient Iranian tradition has been avoided in this designation and replaced by the name of their province ādurbādagān. This is believed to be because of "the Zoroastrian association of the north with the abode of evil" which "would be evoked by use of abāxtar".

## Bibliography

## InfoBox

Šahrestānīhā ī Ērānšahr
| Language | Middle Persian |
| --- | --- |
| Subject | Geography |
| Publication place | Sasanian Empire, latest edit in the Abbasid period |


title: Šturmovci

abstract: Šturmovci is a settlement in the Municipality of Videm in eastern Slovenia. It lies south of Lake Ptuj. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included in the Drava Statistical Region.

text:
# Šturmovci

**Šturmovci** (pronounced \[ˈʃtuːɾmɔu̯tsi\]) is a settlement in the Municipality of Videm in eastern Slovenia. It lies south of Lake Ptuj. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included in the Drava Statistical Region.

## InfoBox

| Šturmovci | |
| --- | --- |
| ŠturmovciLocation in Slovenia | |
| Coordinates: 46°22′53.12″N 15°54′8.52″E / 46.3814222°N 15.9023667°E / 46.3814222; 15.9023667 | |
| Country | Slovenia |
| Traditional region | Styria |
| Statistical region | Drava |
| Municipality | Videm |
| Area | |
| Total | 4.19 km2 (1.62 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 214.8 m (704.7 ft) |
| Population (2002) | |
| Total | 127 |
|  | |


title: Ștefan Nanu

abstract: Ștefan Dumitru Nanu is a Romanian former footballer and current manager. He played as a defender.

text:
# Ștefan Nanu

**Ștefan Dumitru Nanu** (born 8 September 1968, in Filiași) is a Romanian former footballer and current manager. He played as a defender.

## InfoBox

Ştefan Nanu
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Ștefan Dumitru Nanu | | |
| Date of birth | (1968-09-08) 8 September 1968 | | |
| Place of birth | Filiași, Romania | | |
| Height | 1.68 m (5 ft 6 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Left back | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1991–1995 | Electroputere Craiova | 93 | (0) |
| 1995–1997 | Farul Constanța | 52 | (0) |
| 1997–1999 | Rapid București | 60 | (1) |
| 1999–2003 | Vitesse Arnhem | 61 | (1) |
| 2003 | Steaua București | 5 | (0) |
| 2003–2005 | Oțelul Galați | 33 | (0) |
| 2005–2008 | Poiana Câmpina | 48 | (0) |
| Total |  | **352** | **(2)** |
| International career | | | |
| 1999–2000 | Romania | 7 | (0) |
| Managerial career | | | |
| 2005–2007 | FCM Câmpina | | |
| 2007 | Petrolul Ploiești | | |
| 2008 | Inter Gaz București | | |
| 2010–2013 | Minerul Motru | | |
| 2014 | Farul Constanța | | |
| 2014–2015 | FC Ter Apel (youth) | | |
| 2015–2017 | FC Emmen (youth) | | |
| 2017–2018 | Râmnicu Vâlcea U17 | | |
| 2018 | Poli Timișoara | | |
| 2019–2023 | CSM Deva | | |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Richard Caldicot

abstract: Richard Caldicot was an English actor famed for his role of Commander Povey in the BBC radio series The Navy Lark. He also appeared often on television, memorably as the obstetrician delivering Betty Spencer's baby in Some Mothers Do 'Ave 'Em. His father was a civil servant and he attended Dulwich College prior to training at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art. He then appeared in repertory theatre and on the London stage from 1928. Among numerous West End appearances, he played Lance-Corporal Broughton in the original production of Journey's End from 1929–30, Harry Soames in Edward, My Son (1947–49) and Mr Bromhead in No Sex Please, We're British from 1971 to 1976. His film debut was in The Million Pound Note (1954). Caldicot's television appearances include The Four Just Men, The Prisoner: "Many Happy Returns", Steptoe and Son, Vanity Fair, Fawlty Towers and Coronation Street. He was also seen in the United States on The Beverly Hillbillies. Caldicot worked virtually right up till his death in October 1995.

text:
# Richard Caldicot

**Richard Caldicot** (7 October 1908 – 16 October 1995) was an English actor famed for his role of Commander (later Captain) Povey in the BBC radio series *The Navy Lark*. He also appeared often on television, memorably as the obstetrician delivering Betty Spencer's baby in *Some Mothers Do 'Ave 'Em*.

His father was a civil servant and he attended Dulwich College prior to training at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art. He then appeared in repertory theatre and on the London stage from 1928. Among numerous West End appearances, he played Lance-Corporal Broughton in the original production of *Journey's End* from 1929–30, Harry Soames in *Edward, My Son* (1947–49) and Mr Bromhead in *No Sex Please, We're British* from 1971 to 1976. His film debut was in *The Million Pound Note* (1954).

Caldicot's television appearances include *The Four Just Men*, *The Prisoner*: "Many Happy Returns", *Steptoe and Son*, *Vanity Fair*, *Fawlty Towers* and *Coronation Street*. He was also seen in the United States on *The Beverly Hillbillies*.

Caldicot worked virtually right up till his death in October 1995.

## Filmography

## InfoBox

| Richard Caldicot | |
| --- | --- |
| in *The Prisoner*: *Many Happy Returns* (1967) | |
| Born | Richard Caldicot-Bull
(1908-10-07)7 October 1908
London, England |
| Died | 16 October 1995(1995-10-16) (aged 87)
London, England |
| Occupation | Actor |
| Years active | 1928–1994 |


title: "Centrolene" medemi

abstract: "Centrolene" medemi is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae. The species occurs in the Cordillera Oriental in the Tolima, Caquetá, and Putumayo Departments in Colombia and adjacent Napo in Ecuador. The generic placement of this species within the subfamily Centroleninae is uncertain. The specific name medemi honors Fred Medem, collector of the holotype. Common name Medem giant glass frog has been coined for it.

text:
# "Centrolene" medemi

**"*Centrolene*" *medemi*** is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae. The species occurs in the Cordillera Oriental in the Tolima, Caquetá, and Putumayo Departments in Colombia and adjacent Napo in Ecuador. The generic placement of this species within the subfamily Centroleninae is uncertain (*incertae sedis*). The specific name *medemi* honors Fred Medem, collector of the holotype. Common name **Medem giant glass frog** has been coined for it.

## Description

Adult males measure 26–31 mm (1.0–1.2 in) and adult females 35–44 mm (1.4–1.7 in) in snout–vent length. The snout is rounded in dorsal profile and truncated to slightly protruding when viewed laterally. The tympanum is indistinct and partly covered by the supra-tympanic fold. The fingers have absent to extensive webbing (from inner to outer fingers). The toes are extensively webbed. The dorsal surfaces of head, body, and limbs are olive green to grayish brown and bear large cream spots. The ventral parietal peritoneum is white. Adult males have a large humeral spine. The pre-pollical spine is not separated from the first finger. The iris is grayish brown and has dark reticulation.

## Habitat and conservation

This species lives on streamsides in montane cloud forests at elevations of 790–1,800 m (2,590–5,910 ft) above sea level. It also occurs in secondary forest, as long as there is good vegetation cover close to streams. The eggs are laid on leaves overhanging the water.

It is locally common in Colombia, but only one specimen, collected in 1975, is known from Ecuador. The specific threats are poorly known but probably include habitat loss, introduction alien predatory fishes, and pollution from the spraying of illegal crops. Chytridiomycosis might also be a threat.

## InfoBox

| "Centrolene" medemi | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Endangered  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Centrolenidae |
| Genus: | *"Centrolene"* |
| Species: | ***"C." medemi*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***"Centrolene" medemi***
(Cochran and Goin, 1970) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Centrolenella medemi* Cochran and Goin, 1970 * *Centrolene medemi* (Cochran and Goin, 1970) | |


title: 1135

abstract: Year 1135 (MCXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar.

text:
# 1135

1135 in various calendars
| Gregorian calendar | 1135
*MCXXXV* |
| --- | --- |
| Ab urbe condita | 1888 |
| Armenian calendar | 584
ԹՎ ՇՁԴ |
| Assyrian calendar | 5885 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1056–1057 |
| Bengali calendar | 542 |
| Berber calendar | 2085 |
| English Regnal year | 35 Hen. 1  1 Ste. 1 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1679 |
| Burmese calendar | 497 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6643–6644 |
| Chinese calendar | 甲寅年 (Wood Tiger)
3832 or 3625
*to*
乙卯年 (Wood Rabbit)
3833 or 3626 |
| Coptic calendar | 851–852 |
| Discordian calendar | 2301 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1127–1128 |
| Hebrew calendar | 4895–4896 |
| Hindu calendars |  |
| \- *Vikram Samvat* | 1191–1192 |
| \- *Shaka Samvat* | 1056–1057 |
| \- *Kali Yuga* | 4235–4236 |
| Holocene calendar | 11135 |
| Igbo calendar | 135–136 |
| Iranian calendar | 513–514 |
| Islamic calendar | 529–530 |
| Japanese calendar | Chōshō 4 / Hōen 1
(保延元年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1041–1042 |
| Julian calendar | 1135
*MCXXXV* |
| Korean calendar | 3468 |
| Minguo calendar | 777 before ROC
民前777年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | −333 |
| Seleucid era | 1446/1447 AG |
| Thai solar calendar | 1677–1678 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阳木虎年
(male Wood-Tiger)
1261 or 880 or 108
*to*
阴木兔年
(female Wood-Rabbit)
1262 or 881 or 109 |

Year **1135** (**MCXXXV**) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

## Events

### By place

#### Levant

* Spring  Shams al-Mulk Isma'il, Seljuk ruler of Damascus, sends envoys to Imad al-Din Zengi, Seljuk ruler of Mosul, to seek his protection in exchange of Damascus. Zengi crosses the Euphrates, receiving the surrender of the city of Hama. He besieges Damascus but, due to a shortage of supplies, is forced to abandon the siege. Zengi extricates himself from Damascus, his Seljuk forces capture the fortresses at Ma'arrat and Atharib.
* Queen Melisende of Jerusalem reconciles with her husband Fulk V, after a period of estrangement occasioned by her growing power, and rumors that she has had an affair with Hugh II (*du Puiset*), former count of Jaffa.

#### Europe

#### England

#### Middle East

#### North Africa

#### Asia

### By topic

#### Religion

## Births

## Deaths

## Sources

* McGrank, Lawrence (1981). "Norman crusaders in the Catalan reconquest: Robert Burdet and the principality of Tarragona, 1129-55". *Journal of Medieval History*. **7** (1): 67–82. doi:10.1016/0304-4181(81)90036-1.

* Picard, Christophe (1997). *La mer et les musulmans d'occident au Moyen Âge, VIIIe-XIIIe siècle* (in French). Presses Universitaires de France. ISBN 978-2130488101.

## InfoBox

| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
| --- | --- |
| Centuries: |  |
| Decades: |  |
| Years: |  |


title: 10 Promises to My Dog

abstract: 10 Promises To My Dog 10 Promises To My Dog is a 2008 Japanese film. The film was directed by Katsuhide Motoki, and stars Rena Tanaka, Mayuko Fukuda and Etsushi Toyokawa. Rena Tanaka and Mayuko Fukuda play the adult and the young version of Akari Saito respectively, while actor Etsushi Toyokawa stars as Akari's father. Based on a novel by Hare Kawaguchi, this film tells the story of Akari Saito and her dog named Socks. The pair supported each other as they grew up together. This story is closely tied to "The Ten Commandments of Dog Ownership", a list of ownership rules written from a dog's point of view. 10 Promises to My Dog was released in the Japanese box office on 15 March 2008. The film grossed a total of US$15,332,225 in 6 countries, and was the 19th-highest grossing Japanese film of 2008.

text:
# 10 Promises to My Dog

***10 Promises To My Dog*** (犬と私の１０の約束, *Inu to Watashi no Jū no Yakusoku*) is a 2008 Japanese film. The film was directed by Katsuhide Motoki, and stars Rena Tanaka, Mayuko Fukuda and Etsushi Toyokawa. Rena Tanaka and Mayuko Fukuda play the adult and the young version of Akari Saito respectively, while actor Etsushi Toyokawa stars as Akari's father.

Based on a novel by Hare Kawaguchi, this film tells the story of Akari Saito and her dog named Socks. The pair supported each other as they grew up together. This story is closely tied to "The Ten Commandments of Dog Ownership", a list of ownership rules written from a dog's point of view.

*10 Promises to My Dog* was released in the Japanese box office on 15 March 2008. The film grossed a total of US$15,332,225 in 6 countries, and was the 19th-highest grossing Japanese film of 2008.

## Plot

Akari is neglected by her father, a top surgeon who works long hours and puts his career before family. Her mother is hospitalized because of an incurable disease. Therefore, Akari longs for a dog who can keep her company. One day, a Golden Retriever puppy unexpectedly appears in the garden of Akari's house, and Akari immediately decides to adopt it. At her mother's suggestion, Akari christens it "Socks", because the puppy's white paws made it look like it was wearing white socks. Her mother also makes Akari promise that she will follow The Ten Commandments of Dog Ownership when she takes care of Socks. Akari also has a friend, Susumu, who is trained by his family to become a professional guitarist. Susumu soon forms an attachment with Socks as well.

A few months later, Akari's mother dies, and Akari grieves over her death for two days. After that, her neck becomes very stiff and she is unable to move it. With Socks' help, she realizes that this stiffness is actually due to her own imagination, and is thus "cured". She also finds out that Socks was actually placed in the garden by her mother. Not long after Akari's mother died, the family moves to Sapporo because her father was given a lecturer post at a university there. However, they cannot bring Socks along because their dormitory does not allow pets. Hence, Akari has to reluctantly entrust Socks to the care of Susumu.

Another problem surfaces when Susumu is accepted into a prestigious music school in Paris. On the day that he is leaving, Akari's father, who was supposed to be on leave that day, is suddenly called back to the hospital to do an "emergency" operation. This causes Akari to be late in seeing Susumu off. The "emergency" operation turns out to be a minor one, and he resigns after feeling guilty about disappointing his daughter. The family later moves back to their old home in Hakodate, and Socks comes back to stay with them. Akari's father later sets up a clinic in the home, which proves to be popular with the locals.

10 years later, Akari is a university student studying to become a vet. By chance, she happens to see a poster advertising Susumu's upcoming performance in the city. The pair have a tearful reunion, and they soon start dating. During this time, she starts to feel that Socks is a constrain to her. She starts to bemoan the sacrifices that she has to make because of Socks. After Akari graduates from university, she becomes a zookeeper at Asahiyama Zoo. Akari seldom returns to her home, and neglects Socks in the process. However, she is reminded of the good friend Socks was when the dog helps Susumu gain enough confidence to play the guitar again after his accident.

As time passes, Socks starts to age and becomes weaker. Akari is shocked at how much weaker Socks looks on one of her rare visits home, and promises to visit it often. However, due to her heavy workload, she is unable to fulfill that promise. One day, her father phones her urgently to tell her that Socks was dying. Managing to get away from her work, she rushes back just in time. As its energy saps away, Akari reads the Ten Commandments of Dog Ownership again to see if she had done what she had promised 10 years ago.

After Socks' death, Akari and her father find long-lost photographs of Socks, and a letter from her mother. The letter tells Akari that Socks was meant to replace herself, though she added that Socks will not live as long as Akari. Akari is also reminded of the fact that her father sacrificed his career for her. Not long after, Akari and Susumu get married together.

## Cast

## Production

*10 Promises to My Dog* is based on a novel authored by Hare Kawaguchi. This novel was in turn inspired by a set of rules entitled "The Ten Commandments of Dog Ownership".

## Reception

Kevin Ma, reviewer for *Love HK Film.com*, describes director Katsuhide Motoki's approach to the story "very low-key and matter-of-fact", and added that "it almost feels like he decided to tell the story in a way that any director-for-hire would". He also criticized some of the characters. In particular, he said that Rena Tanaka "barely registers as the central character" and that "Ryo Kase fares even worse \[than Rena Tanaka\], but mostly because of his poorly-written plot device of a character than his acting skills in general." However, he did praise the child actors, saying that Mayuko Fukuda gives "the best performance as the child Akari". He also praised the ending of the film, describing it as "emotionally powerful and yet brilliantly understated". *Yahoo! Japan* holds the film with a review of 3.30 points (stars) out of 738 reviews.

## InfoBox

| 10 Promises to My Dog | |
| --- | --- |
| Japanese film poster | |
| Directed by | Katsuhide Motoki |
| Written by | * Hare Kawaguchi * Yoshimitsu Sawamoto |
| Story by | Hare Kawaguchi |
| Starring |  |
| Edited by | Sao Kawasei |
| Music by | Chu Sosou |
| Distributed by | Shochiku |
| Release date | * 15 March 2008 (2008-03-15) (Japan) |
| Running time | 117 minutes |
| Country | Japan |
| Language | Japanese |
| Box office | US$15,332,225 |


title: 10 Reavell Place

abstract: 10 Reavell Place is a 37 metres (121 ft), 12 storey residential building located on the River Gipping, Ipswich, Suffolk, England. The building consists of residential units with no commercial outlets. The building is one of the tallest buildings in Ipswich.

text:
# 10 Reavell Place

**10 Reavell Place** is a 37 metres (121 ft), 12 storey residential building located on the River Gipping, Ipswich, Suffolk, England. The building consists of residential units with no commercial outlets. The building is one of the tallest buildings in Ipswich.

## Location

This is the tallest building in the development along Ranleigh Road, in the new 'Voyage' development. The development also includes the Sir Bobby Robson Bridge which connects the development to the Ipswich Village Development.

## History

10 Reavell Place sits on the old grounds of the former Compair Reavell site, hence its name. The Compair site occupied the site the 'Voyage' development sits on. The company moved out in 2005 to a new location on the outskirts of the town. Its alternate name is Voyage Block G as it is the seventh residential building in the development. The other buildings in development, Voyage Block's A-F are low rise residential buildings built in a similar modern style. Allglass (Anglia) Limited were awarded the contract for the installation of the windows as well as overseeing other design aspects by Fairview New Homes Ltd. The building achieved an EPC ENERGY RATING B.

## InfoBox

| 10 Reavell Place | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Alternative names | Voyage Block G |
| General information | |
| Status | Completed |
| Type | Residential |
| Address | 10 Reavell Place IP2 0ET |
| Town or city | Ipswich |
| Country | England |
| Coordinates | 52°03′13″N 1°08′22″E / 52.053657°N 1.139375°E / 52.053657; 1.139375 |
| Construction started | 2008 |
| Completed | May 2010 |
| Client | Fairview New Homes Ltd. |
| Owner | Fairview New Homes Ltd. |
| Height | 37m |
| Technical details | |
| Floor count | 12 |
| Lifts/elevators | 1 |
| Design and construction | |
| Civil engineer | Allglass (Anglia) Limited |
| Awards and prizes | EPC ENERGY RATING B |
| Other information | |
| Parking | Underground |
| References | |
|  | |


title: 10 Precentor's Court

abstract: 10 Precentor's Court is an historic building in the English city of York, North Yorkshire. The building is a Grade II* listed structure, standing on Precentor's Court. It stands perpendicular to Fenton House at the western end of the street. Parts of the house date to the 15th century: stone walls on three sides of the building, and in the entrance hall, the arch of a fireplace. The remainder of that house was demolished in the early 18th century, when the present building was constructed, with a new brick facade facing Precentor's Court. The building was altered internally in the mid-19th century, when a bay was added to the rear. In about 1900, the north-west wing of the house was entirely rebuilt, and the roof of the building was raised, adding an attic. Inside the house, in the ground floor study, there are 16th-century beams, 17th-century panelling, and an 18th-century fireplace. The staircase is early-18th century but has been rebuilt, while the north-east bedroom has an 18th-century fireplace, moved from elsewhere. The gates and railings in front of the house are Grade II listed. Reverend George Addleshaw (1906–1982) lived at the property in 1952.

text:
# 10 Precentor's Court

**10 Precentor's Court** is an historic building in the English city of York, North Yorkshire.

The building is a Grade II\* listed structure, standing on Precentor's Court. It stands perpendicular to Fenton House at the western end of the street.

Parts of the house date to the 15th century: stone walls on three sides of the building, and in the entrance hall, the arch of a fireplace. The remainder of that house was demolished in the early 18th century, when the present building was constructed, with a new brick facade facing Precentor's Court. The building was altered internally in the mid-19th century, when a bay was added to the rear. In about 1900, the north-west wing of the house was entirely rebuilt, and the roof of the building was raised, adding an attic.

Inside the house, in the ground floor study, there are 16th-century beams, 17th-century panelling, and an 18th-century fireplace. The staircase is early-18th century but has been rebuilt, while the north-east bedroom has an 18th-century fireplace, moved from elsewhere.

The gates and railings in front of the house are Grade II listed.

Reverend George Addleshaw (1906–1982) lived at the property in 1952.

## InfoBox

| 10 Precentor's Court | |
| --- | --- |
| The building in 2023 | |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Address | 10 Precentor's Court |
| Town or city | York, North Yorkshire |
| Country | England |
| Coordinates | 53°57′46″N 1°05′03″W / 53.9629°N 1.0842°W / 53.9629; -1.0842 |
| Completed | Early 18th century |


title: (I Love You) For Sentimental Reasons

abstract: "(I Love You) for Sentimental Reasons" is a popular song written by Ivory "Deek" Watson, founding member of the Ink Spots and of the Brown Dots, and William "Pat" Best, founding member of the Four Tunes. The credits and Leeds Publishing Company list Watson as a co-writer. Best later claimed that Watson had nothing to do with the creation of the song, but Watson maintained in his late 1960s autobiography that he and Best wrote the song together, lyrics and music respectively. Best was a member of Watson's group, the Brown Dots. The song was published in 1945 and released by Watson's quartet with Joe King as lead vocalist on the Manor Records label.

text:
# (I Love You) For Sentimental Reasons

"**(I Love You) for Sentimental Reasons**" is a popular song written by Ivory "Deek" Watson, founding member of the Ink Spots and of the Brown Dots, and William "Pat" Best, founding member of the Four Tunes.

The credits and Leeds Publishing Company list Watson as a co-writer. Best later claimed that Watson had nothing to do with the creation of the song, but Watson maintained in his late 1960s autobiography that he and Best wrote the song together, lyrics and music respectively. Best was a member of Watson's group, the Brown Dots. The song was published in 1945 and released by Watson's quartet with Joe King as lead vocalist on the Manor Records label (catalog No. 1041A).

## Hit versions

The biggest-selling version by The King Cole Trio was released by Capitol Records as catalog number 304. It first reached the *Billboard* Best Seller chart on November 22, 1946 and lasted 12 weeks on the chart, peaking at number one.

* The recording by Eddy Howard was released by Majestic Records as catalog number 1071A. It first reached the *Billboard* Best Seller chart on January 10, 1947, and lasted five weeks on the chart, peaking at number six.
* The recording by Dinah Shore was released by Columbia Records as catalog number 37188. It first reached the *Billboard* Best Seller chart on January 10, 1947, and lasted four weeks on the chart, peaking at number six.
* The recording by Charlie Spivak (vocal by Jimmy Saunders) was released by RCA Victor as catalog number 20-1981. It first reached the *Billboard* Best Seller chart on January 10, 1947, and lasted 14 weeks on the chart, peaking at number seven.
* Ella Fitzgerald & The Delta Rhythm Boys' version reached the No. 8 spot in the charts in 1947.
* Art Kassel and His "Kassels-in-the-air" (vocal by Jimmy Featherstone) – their recording was also a chart hit peaking at No. 15 in 1947.
* Sam Cooke recorded an early soul version. Released in 1957, it peaked at 17 on the pop charts, and 15 on the R&B charts. (Sam Cooke discography)
* James Brown's disco version in 1976 charted at No. 70 R&B.

## Other recordings

## InfoBox

| "(I Love You) for Sentimental Reasons" | |
| --- | --- |
| Song by Deek Watson & His Brown Dots | |
| Published | 1945 by Leeds Publishing Company |
| Composer(s) | William "Pat" Best |
| Lyricist(s) | Ivory "Deek" Watson |


title: .bt

abstract: .bt is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for the Kingdom of Bhutan. It is administered by the Ministry of Information and Communication.

text:
# .bt

**.bt** is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for the Kingdom of Bhutan. It is administered by the Ministry of Information and Communication.

## Domains and Subdomains

Domains and Subdomains with registration qualification requirements:

* **.bt** \- Organizations or individuals.
* **.com.bt** \- Commercial organizations or related individuals.
* **.edu.bt** \- Universities and other educational institutes.
* **.net.bt** \- Networks.
* **.gov.bt** \- Government-related websites only.
* **.org.bt** \- Non-profit organizations.

## InfoBox

.bt
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Introduced | 16 July 1997 |
| TLD type | Country code top-level domain |
| Status | Active |
| Registry | .bt NIC, operated by DrukNet, a service of Bhutan Telecom |
| Sponsor | Ministry of Information and Communication (Bhutan) |
| Intended use | Entities connected with  Bhutan |
| Actual use | Popular in Bhutan |
| Registration restrictions | International registration possible, but registrant must provide proof of documents qualifying for registration, like a registered trade license along with an application with the company’s letterhead and seal. |
| Structure | Registrations are available at direct third level and direct second-level labels |
| Registry website | nic.bt |


title: 154CM

abstract:
154CM is a type of stainless steel developed and manufactured in the United States by Crucible Materials Corporation. Crucible 154CM is a modification of martensitic stainless steel type 440C to which molybdenum has been added. It was originally developed for tough industrial applications and combines three principal elements: carbon, chromium, and molybdenum.
Hitachi Corporation of Japan copied the properties of this steel for their own brand known as ATS-34.

text:
# 154CM

**154CM** is a type of stainless steel developed and manufactured in the United States by Crucible Materials Corporation (now - Crucible Industries). Crucible 154CM is a modification of martensitic stainless steel type 440C to which molybdenum has been added. It was originally developed for tough industrial applications and combines three principal elements: carbon, chromium, and molybdenum. Hitachi Corporation of Japan copied the properties of this steel for their own brand known as ATS-34.

## Typical applications

* Cutlery
* Bearings
* Valve Ports
* Bushings

## Composition

154CM contains the following:

* Carbon 1.05%
* Chromium 14.00%
* Manganese 0.50%
* Molybdenum 4.00%
* Silicon 0.30%
* Iron 80.15%


title: 16 Comae Berenices

abstract: 16 Comae Berenices is a single star in the northern constellation of Coma Berenices. 16 Comae Berenices is the Flamsteed designation. It is a member of the Coma Star Cluster and is visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 4.96. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 11.7 mas, it is located about 279 light years away. This is a chemically-peculiar A-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of A4 V. It displays an infrared excess, suggesting the presence of an orbiting debris disk at a mean distance of 18.2 AU with a temperature of 180 K. 16 Com has 2.54 times the mass of the Sun and 3.71 times the Sun's radius. The star is 310 million years old with a projected rotational velocity of 80 km/s. It is radiating 67 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 8,299 K.

text:
# 16 Comae Berenices

**16 Comae Berenices** is a single star in the northern constellation of Coma Berenices. *16 Comae Berenices* is the Flamsteed designation. It is a member of the Coma Star Cluster and is visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 4.96. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 11.7 mas, it is located about 279 light years away.

This is a chemically-peculiar A-type main-sequence star with a stellar classification of A4 V. It displays an infrared excess, suggesting the presence of an orbiting debris disk at a mean distance of 18.2 AU with a temperature of 180 K. 16 Com has 2.54 times the mass of the Sun and 3.71 times the Sun's radius. The star is 310 million years old with a projected rotational velocity of 80 km/s. It is radiating 67 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 8,299 K.

## InfoBox

16 Comae Berenices
| Observation data
Epoch J2000      Equinox J2000 | |
| --- | --- |
| Constellation | Coma Berenices |
|
| Right ascension | 12h 26m 59.29615s |
| Declination | +26° 49 32.5273 |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 4.96 |
| Characteristics | |
| Evolutionary stage | main sequence |
| Spectral type | A4 V |
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| Astrometry | |
|  | |
| **Radial velocity (Rv)** | +0.40±0.70 km/s |
| **Proper motion (μ)** | RA: −11.456 mas/yr
Dec.: −9.220 mas/yr |
| **Parallax (π)** | 11.6745 ± 0.2116 mas |
| **Distance** | 279 ± 5 ly
(86 ± 2 pc) |
|  | |
| Details | |
|  | |
| **Mass** | 2.54±0.03 |
| **Radius** | 3.71 |
| **Luminosity** | 68.6+3.5
−3.3 |
| **Surface gravity (log *g*)** | 3.67 cgs |
| **Temperature** | 8,299+57
−58 |
| **Metallicity** \[Fe/H\] | −0.3 dex |
| **Rotational velocity (*v* sin *i*)** | 80 km/s |
| **Age** | 310 Myr |
|  | |
| Other designations | |
| 16 Com, BD+27°2134, FK5 2997, HD 108382, HIP 60746, HR 4738, SAO 82314 | |
| Database references | |
| **SIMBAD** | data |


title: 123 (number)

abstract: 123 is the natural number following 122 and preceding 124.

text:
# 123 (number)

**123** (**one hundred \[and\] twenty-three**) is the natural number following 122 and preceding 124.

## In mathematics

* **123** is a Lucas number. It is the eleventh member of the Mian–Chowla sequence.
* Along with , 123 is one of only two positive integers that is simultaneously two more than a perfect square and two less than a perfect cube (123 = 112 \+ 2 = 53 \- 2).
* 123 is the first whole number containing numbers from 1 to 3.

## In religion

The Book of Numbers says that Aaron died at the age of 123.

In numerology, the sequence of 123 is associated with progress and the Holy Trinity, so it may be referred to as the Trinity of Progress or Triad of Progress.

## In telephony

## In other fields

123 is also:

## InfoBox

| 122 123 124 | |
| --- | --- |
| 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129    100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 | |
| Cardinal | one hundred twenty-three |
| Ordinal | 123rd
(one hundred twenty-third) |
| Factorization | 3 × 41 |
| Divisors | 1, 3, 41, 123 |
| Greek numeral | ΡΚΓ´ |
| Roman numeral | CXXIII |
| Binary | 11110112 |
| Ternary | 111203 |
| Senary | 3236 |
| Octal | 1738 |
| Duodecimal | A312 |
| Hexadecimal | 7B16 |


title: Ultimate Punishment

abstract:
Ultimate Punishment: A Lawyer's Reflections on Dealing with the Death Penalty is a 2003 series of autobiographical reflections regarding the death penalty. It is written by Scott Turow and marks his return to non-fiction for the first time since One L in 1977. Turow bases his opinions on his experiences as a prosecutor and, in his years after leaving the United States Attorney's Office in Chicago, working on behalf of death-row inmates, as well as his two years on Illinois's Commission on Capital Punishment, charged by then-Gov. George Ryan with reviewing the state's death penalty system. Turow, a self-described "death penalty agnostic," presents both sides of the death penalty debate and admits that over time he seems to change sides, depending on the argument. He finally concludes that "the pivotal question instead is whether a system of justice can be constructed that reaches on the rare, right cases, without also occasionally condemning the innocent or the undeserving," and reveals "[t]oday, I would still do as I did when Paul Simon asked whether Illinois should retain capital punishment. I voted no." (pp.114-115) Turow's reflections include:
  - Thoughts on victims' rights vs. community rights
  - Whether execution is a deterrent
  - The possible execution of an innocent person
  - If not the death penalty, what to do with the worst offenders He also visits a maximum security prison and meets multiple-murderer Henry Brisbon, who, Turow says, "most closely resembles... Hannibal Lecter".

text:
# Ultimate Punishment

***Ultimate Punishment: A Lawyer's Reflections on Dealing with the Death Penalty*** is a 2003 series of autobiographical reflections regarding the death penalty. It is written by Scott Turow and marks his return to non-fiction for the first time since *One L* in 1977.

Turow bases his opinions on his experiences as a prosecutor and, in his years after leaving the United States Attorney's Office in Chicago, working on behalf of death-row inmates, as well as his two years on Illinois's Commission on Capital Punishment, charged by then-Gov. George Ryan with reviewing the state's death penalty system. Turow, a self-described "death penalty agnostic," presents both sides of the death penalty debate and admits that over time he seems to change sides, depending on the argument. He finally concludes that "the pivotal question instead is whether a system of justice can be constructed that reaches on the rare, right cases, without also occasionally condemning the innocent or the undeserving," and reveals "\[t\]oday, I would still do as I did when Paul Simon asked whether Illinois should retain capital punishment. I voted no." (pp.114-115)

Turow's reflections include:

* Thoughts on victims' rights vs. community rights
* Whether execution is a deterrent
* The possible execution of an innocent person
* If not the death penalty, what to do with the worst offenders

He also visits a maximum security prison and meets multiple-murderer Henry Brisbon, who, Turow says, "most closely resembles... Hannibal Lecter".

## Reception

*Ultimate Punishment* received the Robert F. Kennedy Center for Justice and Human Rights 2004 Book award given annually to a novelist who "most faithfully and forcefully reflects Robert F. Kennedy's purposes - his concern for the poor and the powerless, his struggle for honest and even-handed justice, his conviction that a decent society must assure all young people a fair chance, and his faith that a free democracy can act to remedy disparities of power and opportunity." *Kirkus Reviews* described the book as "Well-presented, if dry and hardly original". *Publishers Weekly* said of the book that "The early chapters may confuse listeners ... but even so, this is a provocative, worthwhile listen".

Reviewing the book, *The Independent* newspaper in February 2004, Robert Verkaik said that Turow's "experiences as a young prosecutor and a death-row defence attorney have given him a unique insight into how the death penalty works in America" and further stated that "Although one always suspects Turow must be against the death penalty, he cleverly deploys the suspense of his fiction to raise doubts about his true position".

1. "Book Award". RFKcenter.org. Archived from the original on 2015-06-19.
2. "ULTIMATE PUNISHMENT A LAWYER'S REFLECTIONS ON DEALING WITH THE DEATH PENALTY". *Kirkus Reviews*. 1 August 2003. Retrieved 8 June 2022.
3. "ULTIMATE PUNISHMENT: A Lawyer's Reflections on Dealing with the Death Penalty". *Publishers Weekly*. 3 November 2003. Retrieved 8 June 2022.
4. Verkaik, Robert (24 February 2004). "Ultimate Punishment, by Scott Turow". *The Independent*. Retrieved 8 June 2022.

## InfoBox

Ultimate Punishment
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Scott Turow |
| Language | English |
| Genre | Autobiography |
| Publisher | Farrar Straus & Giroux |
| Publication date | 2003 |
| Publication place | United States |
| Media type | Print (hardback & paperback) |
| Pages | 164 (paperback) |
| ISBN | 0-374-12873-1 (paperback) |
| OCLC | 52030296 |
| Dewey Decimal | 345.73/0773 21 |
| LC Class | KF9227.C2 T87 2003 |
| Preceded by | *Reversible Errors* |
| Followed by | *Ordinary Heroes* |


title: Vlahovići, Travnik

abstract: Vlahovići is a village in the municipality of Travnik, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

text:
# Vlahovići, Travnik

**Vlahovići** is a village in the municipality of Travnik, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## Demographics

According to the 2013 census, its population was 309.

Ethnicity in 2013
| Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Bosniaks | 246 | 79.6% |
| Croats | 1 | 0.3% |
| other/undeclared | 62 | 20.1% |
| **Total** | **309** | **100%** |

## InfoBox

| Vlahovići | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Vlahovići | |
| Coordinates: 44°13′37″N 17°34′41″E / 44.2268262°N 17.57793°E / 44.2268262; 17.57793 | |
| Country | Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Entity | Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Canton | Central Bosnia |
| Municipality | Travnik |
| Area | |
| Total | 0.81 sq mi (2.11 km2) |
| Population (2013) | |
| Total | 309 |
| Density | 380/sq mi (150/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: QCD sum rules

abstract:
In quantum chromodynamics, the confining and strong coupling nature of the theory means that conventional perturbative techniques often fail to apply. The QCD sum rules are a way of dealing with this. The idea is to work with gauge invariant operators and operator product expansions of them. The vacuum to vacuum correlation function for the product of two such operators can be reexpressed as
  - ⟨ 0 | T { O 1 O 2 } | 0 ⟩ where we have inserted hadronic particle states on the right hand side.

text:
# QCD sum rules

In quantum chromodynamics, the confining and strong coupling nature of the theory means that conventional perturbative techniques often fail to apply. The **QCD sum rules** (or **ShifmanVainshteinZakharov sum rules**) are a way of dealing with this. The idea is to work with gauge invariant operators and operator product expansions of them. The vacuum to vacuum correlation function for the product of two such operators can be reexpressed as

$$\left\langle 0|T\left\\{{\mathcal {O}\_{1}(x){\mathcal {O}\_{2}(0)\right\\}|0\right\rangle }}$$

where we have inserted hadronic particle states on the right hand side.

## Overview

Instead of a model-dependent treatment in terms of constituent quarks, hadrons are represented by their interpolating quark currents taken at large virtualities. The correlation function of these currents is introduced and treated in the framework of the operator product expansion (OPE), where the short and long-distance quark-gluon interactions are separated. The former are calculated using QCD perturbation theory, whereas the latter are parametrized in terms of universal vacuum condensates or light-cone distribution amplitudes. The result of the QCD calculation is then matched, via dispersion relation, to a sum over hadronic states. The sum rule obtained in this way allows to calculate observable characteristics of the hadronic ground state. Inversely, the parameters of QCD such as quark masses and vacuum condensate densities can be extracted from sum rules which have experimentally known hadronic parts. The interactions of quark-gluon currents with QCD vacuum fields critically depend on the quantum numbers (spin, parity, flavor content) of these currents.

* SVZ sum rules at Scholarpedia
* Shifman, Mikhail (1998). "Snapshot of hadrons". *Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl*. **131**: 1–71. arXiv:hep-ph/9802214. Bibcode:1998PThPS.131....1S. doi:10.1143/PTPS.131.1. S2CID 14859364.
* Colangelo, Pietro; Khodjamirian, Alexander (October 16, 2000). "QCD Sum Rules, a Modern Perspective". In Shifman, Mikhail (ed.). *At the Frontier of Particle Physics / Handbook of QCD*. Singapore: World Scientific. pp. 1495–1576. arXiv:hep-ph/0010175v1. Bibcode:2001afpp.book.1495C. doi:10.1142/9789812810458\_0033. ISBN 978-981-02-4445-3. S2CID 16053543., (published in the Boris Ioffe Festschrift; most of the material above is an extended quotation and/or paraphrase of the introduction to this article).


abstract: The William Farquhar Collection of Natural History Drawings consists of 477 watercolour botanical drawings of plants and animals of Malacca and Singapore by unknown Chinese artists that were commissioned between 1819 and 1823 by William Farquhar. The paintings were meant to be of scientific value with very detailed drawings, except for those of the birds which have text going beyond their original purpose. For each drawing, the scientific and/or common name of the specimen in Malay, and, occasionally, in English, was written in pencil. A translator also penned the Malay names in Jawi using ink. The paper used was normally European paper framed by a blue frame while some have no frames at all suggesting there are two artist.

text:
# William Farquhar Collection of Natural History Drawings

The **William Farquhar Collection of Natural History Drawings** consists of 477 watercolour botanical drawings of plants and animals of Malacca and Singapore by unknown Chinese (probably Cantonese) artists that were commissioned between 1819 and 1823 by William Farquhar (26 February 1774 – 13 May 1839). The paintings were meant to be of scientific value with very detailed drawings, except for those of the birds which have text going beyond their original purpose. For each drawing, the scientific and/or common name of the specimen in Malay, and, occasionally, in English, was written in pencil. A translator also penned the Malay names in Jawi using ink. The paper used was normally European paper framed by a blue frame while some have no frames at all suggesting there are two artist.

## History

Most of the drawings were made in Malacca, before his tenure as Resident and Commandant of Singapore. On the basis that Raffles hired a Chinese artist from Macao to do natural history drawings (as described by Munshi Abdullah ), John Bastin conjectured that this artist and perhaps others were hired by Farquhar to paint watercolours of the flora and fauna of the Malay Peninsula. Kwa Chong Guan extended this conjecture via stylistic comparison to identify the artists of Farquhar's drawings as from Guandong. Farquhar donated these in eight volumes to the Museum of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland on 17 June 1826. In 1937, the Society lent six of the volumes to the Library of the British Museum (Natural History) (now the Library of the Natural History Museum), retaining the two volumes of botanical drawings in its own library. In 1991 the Natural History Museum returned the works to the Society for valuation, and on 20 October 1993 the Society offered them for sale by auction at Sotheby's in London, where they were acquired by Goh Geok Khim, founder of the brokerage firm GK Goh, for S$3 million.

Goh donated the drawings to the National Museum of Singapore in 1995.

The drawings was designated by the National Museum of Singapore as one of 11 "national treasures" in January 2006.

As at 2011, the collection was believed to be worth at least $11 million. In 2011, 70 works from the collection were placed on permanent display in the Goh Seng Choo Gallery of the museum, named for Goh's father.

## Controversy

Due to the variable quality of work done by some artists, some drawings have proved difficult to identify. Nonetheless, botanists have identified some of these problematic drawings, one a drawing of a male Raffles's malkoha in which the breast is too yellow. Others which have yet to be identified include a drawing of a climber similar to *Smilax*. Plate 29 of the collection inscription reads *Soogow*, probably a misspelling of "saga". However, the drawing shows little resemblance to the latter.

Historians suggest that many of the backdrops of the drawings were copied from drawing manuals. One such example is a drawing of the greater mousedeer, the background of which shows a leafless climber attached to a rock. Some scholars query this, as mousedeer do not live in such rocky habitats. This suggests that either the artists did not visit the habitat of the subject, or, if they did, that they were not particularly observant.

In the book Natural History Drawings: The Complete William Farquhar Collection, Malay Peninsula 1803–1818, an article by Kwa Chong Guan suggests that there were two artists, one who usually framed his works as seen in the illustration of the durian and one who did the opposite of the latter. Usually, the artist who drew a frame around his work depicted fungi-like shaped rocks while the other portrayed the rocks in their own natural form. Also, the artist who drew frames usually had drawings of trees with their roots spread out, while the other showed roots in a clench-like manner.

## Books

The works were published in two volumes, the first being,*The William Farquhar Collection of Natural History Drawings*, published in 1999 showing 141 of these illustrations. A second version containing prints of all 477 works in the Farquhar collection was published by Editions Didier Millet and the National Museum of Singapore in 2010.

## InfoBox

| William Farquhar Collection of Natural History Drawings | |
| --- | --- |
| *Top left*: gambier; *top right*: black pepper; *bottom left*: wild nutmeg (*Gymnacranthera farquhariana*); *bottom right*: durian | |
| Artist | Probably two anonymous Chinese artists (from Macau) |
| Year | 1819 (1819)–1823 (1823) |
| Medium | Watercolour on Paper |
| Dimensions | Various |
| Location | National Museum of Singapore, Singapore |
| Owner | GK Goh Holdings |


title: Mixed grass prairie

abstract: A mixed-grass prairie is an ecotone located between the tallgrass prairies and shortgrass prairies. The mixed-grass prairie is richer in botanical diversity than either the tall- or shortgrass prairie. The mixed-grass prairie occurs in the central plains portion of the Great Plains, varying in width from central Texas in the United States up into southeastern Manitoba, Alberta and Saskatchewan in the northern mixed grasslands of Canada.

text:
# Mixed grass prairie

A **mixed-grass prairie** is an ecotone located between the tallgrass prairies and shortgrass prairies. The mixed-grass prairie is richer in botanical diversity than either the tall- or shortgrass prairie. The mixed-grass prairie occurs in the central plains portion of the Great Plains, varying in width from central Texas in the United States up into southeastern Manitoba, Alberta and Saskatchewan in the northern mixed grasslands of Canada.

| American Prairie | Nine Mile Prairie |
| --- | --- |
| Buffalo Commons | Oglala National Grassland |
| Buffalo Gap National Grassland | Texas blackland prairies |
| Central Plains Biosphere Reserve | Theodore Roosevelt National Park |
| Missouri Coteau | Valentine National Wildlife Refuge |
| Drift Prairie | Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge |
| Nebraska Sand Hills | Wind Cave National Park |

* "Badlands Mixed-grass Prairies". *U.S. National Park Service ~ Prairie Ecology of the Badlands*. U.S. Department of the Interior.
* "Central and Southern Mixed Grasslands". *Terrestrial Ecoregions - Temperate Grasslands, Savannas, and Shrublands*. World Wildlife Fund (WWF).
* "Mixed-grass Prairie - Missouri Coteau". *North Dakota Game and Fish Department*. State of North Dakota.
* "Sagebrush Steppe And Mixed Grass Prairie". *U.S. National Park Service - Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area*. U.S. Department of the Interior.
* "Wyoming Native Plants Program". *U.S. Bureau of Land Management ~ Wyoming*. U.S. Department of the Interior.


title: Valborgskalaset

abstract:
Valborgskalaset is, according to its host FestU, Sweden's biggest party. It takes place on Chalmers on 30 April every year in the Chalmers student union building, to celebrate Walpurgis Night. The party usually have 11 to 12 bars serving drinks, 8 dancefloors and a scene with live performances.
Famous artists such as The Sounds, Petter, Movits!, Den svenska björnstammen, Maskinen, Melody Club, Sahara Hotnights, Kapten Röd and Johnossi have performed live on stage. The party often features a lot of different "toys" like bouncy castles, rodeo-bull, sumo-suit-fighting and a pretty amazing laser show. The legal age of entering the party is 18 years of age, and the extremely popular tickets are almost always sold out in less than an hour. As a result of this FestU always have a limit each year on how many tickets a single person can buy varying from 5-8. The students building The Cortège is garantued a ticket to the Party.

text:
# Valborgskalaset

**Valborgskalaset** (Swedish for *Walpurgis Night party*) is, according to its host FestU, Sweden's biggest party. It takes place on Chalmers on 30 April every year in the Chalmers student union building, to celebrate Walpurgis Night. The party usually have 11 to 12 bars serving drinks, 8 dancefloors and a scene with live performances. Famous artists such as The Sounds, Petter, Movits!, Den svenska björnstammen, Maskinen, Melody Club, Sahara Hotnights, Kapten Röd and Johnossi have performed live on stage.

The party often features a lot of different "toys" like bouncy castles (the Festu Fraternity have their own purple bouncy castle), rodeo-bull, sumo-suit-fighting and a pretty amazing laser show.

The legal age of entering the party is 18 years of age, and the extremely popular tickets are almost always sold out in less than an hour. As a result of this FestU always have a limit each year on how many tickets a single person can buy varying from 5-8. The students building The Cortège is garantued a ticket to the Party.


title: VCU Rams football

abstract: The VCU Rams football team is a club team that represents Virginia Commonwealth University in football. The club team was founded in 2011. There was previously a club football team that operated in the 1970s under business manager Alan Brenner. Home games were at a local high school stadium, but away games were with Duke University and other club teams. Coach was Dave Trinkle, who had been a kicker for the Commanders for a short time. Prior the arrival of a club football team, there has been increasing interest across the VCU community for the Athletic Department to field a varsity football program. Much of the push for a team has come with the foundation of a varsity football team at Old Dominion University, a major rival of VCU, as well as the recent success of the VCU Rams men's basketball team. The current club team will be coached by Lamar Bell, and play against nearby Virginia colleges and universities that also do not field varsity level football teams. VCU currently sells a shirt proudly declaring that VCU Football is "Still Undefeated."

text:
# VCU Rams football

The **VCU Rams football team** is a club team that represents Virginia Commonwealth University in football. The club team was founded in 2011. There was previously a club football team that operated in the 1970s under business manager Alan Brenner. Home games were at a local high school stadium, but away games were with Duke University and other club teams. Coach was Dave Trinkle, who had been a kicker for the Commanders for a short time.

Prior the arrival of a club football team, there has been increasing interest across the VCU community for the Athletic Department to field a varsity football program. Much of the push for a team has come with the foundation of a varsity football team at Old Dominion University, a major rival of VCU, as well as the recent success of the VCU Rams men's basketball team.

The current club team will be coached by Lamar Bell, and play against nearby Virginia colleges and universities that also do not field varsity level football teams. VCU currently sells a shirt proudly declaring that VCU Football is "Still Undefeated."

## History

During former President Eugene P. Trani's administration, he was notable for saying VCU will not have football "on my watch." But now that Trani has stepped down and Michael Rao has filled the vacancy, the debate has sparked once again. The club was founded by President James Tait, Vice President Jules Charles, and Vice President Cole Ransom.

A study was done in 2008 by the VCU Student Government to gauge student interest in football. A total of 8,373 votes were taken and 73% of students agreed that VCU should field a football team. The study also gauged what football could do to VCU's reputation and Alumni participation, finding favorable responses for football in both questions.

## InfoBox

| VCU Rams football | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| First season | 2011 |
| Athletic director | Norwood Teague |
| Head coach | Alfonso Bell
1st season, 0–0 (–) |
| Stadium | TJHS Stadium
(capacity: 3,000) |
| Year built | 1932 |
| Field surface | Grass |
| Location | Richmond, Virginia |
| All-time record | 25 (.286) |
| Bowl record | 01 (.000) |
| Colors | Black and gold
 |
| Mascot | Rodney, The Ram |


title: V+

abstract: V+ is a set-top box for Virgin Media's Virgin TV service, which provides personal video recording (PVR) and high definition (HD) functionality to customers who subscribe to the service. Virgin TV have taken a different approach from rival Sky's Sky+ and later Sky+ HD services, by implementing a rental scheme for the V+ Box. When Virgin TV was launched, there was an installation charge and a monthly charge for all customers with a discount for XL customers. On 1 June 2007 pricing was revised, with all customers paying a one-off set-up fee and TV M and L customers paid a monthly charge, while TV XL customers had no extra charges. Various deals to lower the set-up fee have been made available to all customers in order to compete with rival Sky. The V+ set-top box is technically on lease, still owned by Virgin Media, who provide technical support for it free of charge if a problem occurs for the life of a contract. Should the customer downgrade from the V+ service, the recording functions of the V+ box and access to all high definition channels and on demand content will be blocked, effectively acting as a standard V Box. As of Q1 2010, there were a total of 939,900 V+ customers, representing 25% of all Virgin TV subscribers.

text:
# V+

**V+** (previously known as **TVDrive**) is a set-top box for Virgin Media's Virgin TV service, which provides personal video recording (PVR) and high definition (HD) functionality to customers who subscribe to the service. Virgin TV have taken a different approach from rival Sky's Sky+ and later Sky+ HD services, by implementing a rental scheme for the V+ Box. When Virgin TV was launched, there was an installation charge (waived under certain circumstances) and a monthly charge for all customers with a discount for XL customers. On 1 June 2007 pricing was revised, with all customers paying a one-off set-up fee and TV M and L customers paid a monthly charge, while TV XL customers had no extra charges. Various deals to lower the set-up fee have been made available to all customers in order to compete with rival Sky.

The V+ set-top box is technically on lease, still owned by Virgin Media, who provide technical support for it free of charge if a problem occurs for the life of a contract. Should the customer downgrade from the V+ service, the recording functions of the V+ box and access to all high definition channels and on demand content will be blocked, effectively acting as a standard V Box. As of Q1 2010, there were a total of 939,900 V+ customers, representing 25% of all Virgin TV subscribers.

## History

The V+ Box derives from Telewest's silver TVDrive, and was initially only available to Telewest cable customers. The TVDrive began roll-out on 1 December 2005 on a commercial pilot basis before a full launch in March 2006, becoming the first HD service in the UK. Due to the merger between NTL and Telewest, the TVDrive was made available to NTL cable customers in the Teesside and Glasgow areas on 16 November 2006, in turn NTL ceased development of their MPEG-4 compatible HD PVR, the Scientific-Atlanta Explorer 8450DVB. In January 2007, NTL:Telewest began renting the set-top box nationwide and since the licensing of the Virgin Media name, it became officially available in all areas with the new V+ branding and the colour changed from silver to black.

On 24 November 2009, Virgin Media entered into a strategic partnership with TiVo. Under the mutually exclusive agreement, TiVo developed a converged television and broadband interactive interface to power Virgin Media's next generation, high definition set-top boxes. The terms of the deal were not disclosed. TiVo became the exclusive provider of middleware and user interface software for Virgin Media's next generation set-top boxes. Virgin Media became the exclusive distributor of TiVo services and technology in the United Kingdom. Virgin Media first TiVo co-branded product was released in 2010.

From February 2012, the V+ is only carried as a replacement for faulty V+ boxes, or sometimes offered as a secondary set-top box in the home and is now being phased out.

The only Virgin TV units supported nowadays are the TiVo and the V6 box, and the newest 360 and 360 Mini boxes. The V6 unit was the last model based on the TiVo technology. However, it (as well as the newest 360-based boxes) only supports a HDMI connection to a TV set (the SCART port is disabled and not supported) and it requires a valid Virgin Media broadband connection via Ethernet or Wi-Fi (unlike the original TiVo which featured a built-in data modem for interactive features). If these conditions are not met, an original TiVo must be installed and used.

## Technical specifications

The V+ Boxes have three video tuners, allowing the user to record two programmes to the hard drive while watching a live programme which can then be paused. V+'s main competitor on the British market, the Sky+ HD box, has two tuners. As with all other digital set-top boxes from Virgin Media. The set-top boxes support 720p and 1080i high definition video via HDMI and component output and is capable of upscaling SD video to HD resolutions. The copying of some programmes may be restricted by using HDCP. The set-top boxes also support Dolby Digital 5.1 surround sound, which is currently broadcast on some HD channels and video on demand (VOD) content. Both set-top boxes support DVB-C transmission using MPEG-2 compression, the standard used by Virgin for both SD and HD video.

Currently only two models of V+ have been released, the original Scientific-Atlanta Explorer 8300DVB and the newer Samsung SMT-H3110, which was released on 3 March 2009 on a trial basis followed by a full launch on 3 August 2009 after a 1-year delay.

There have been five remote control models, starting with the type 7 which was replaced by the type 8 during the V+ branding exercise; both are manufactured by Philips. The type 9 was released during September 2009, followed by the type 10; both are manufactured by Ruwido using their 'r series' remote controls. On 22 March 2010, Ruwido announced that Virgin had gone for Ruwido's 'Unified' remote control for their new type 11 and 12: only the latter is available with the V+.

### Scientific-Atlanta Explorer 8300DVB

The Explorer 8300DVB set-top box from Scientific-Atlanta, uses two 250 MIPS 32-bit RISC processors, 4 tuners (3 video, 1 data), a DOCSIS 1.x cable modem, a full graphics engine, 2 HD and SD video decoders, dual audio decoders and contains one Western Digital or Maxtor 160GB PATA hard disk, capable of storing up to 20 hours of HD Content or up to 80 hours of SD content.

For connectivity the Explorer 8300DVB box has 1 HDMI output, 1 YPbPr HD Component output, 2 Scart Outputs, 1 optical audio output, 1 dual channel analogue phono output and an RF input and output. There is also an Ethernet socket for Internet access, a powered USB port and an eSATA port which are currently disabled but may be enabled in the future for external storage.

The Explorer 8300DVB has been criticised for having blurred menus when set to 1080i, inability to record radio and its slow response to changing channels.

### Samsung SMT-H3110

The SMT-H3110 set-top box from Samsung Electronics, has 1 HDMI output, 2 Scart Outputs and 1 optical audio output. There is also an Ethernet socket for Internet access, a powered USB port, an exhaust fan at the rear and a Western Digital 160GB SATA hard disk, capable of storing up to 20 hours of HD Content or up to 80 hours of SD content.

Unlike the Explorer 8300DVB, the on-screen display and subtitles are output on the VCR Scart, when set to standard definition it is impossible to watch another channel during the archiving process and there is also the ability to record radio. MPEG-4 compatibility has also been included for future use.


title: V-01

abstract: V-01 is a protein subunit COVID-19 vaccine candidate developed by a subsidiary of Livzon Pharmaceutical Group Inc.

text:
# V-01

**V-01** is a protein subunit COVID-19 vaccine candidate developed by a subsidiary of Livzon Pharmaceutical Group Inc.

## Preclinical studies

A preclinical study in rhesus macaques was published in July 2021. The vaccine's ability to neutralize several variants of concern has also been tested in mice. Another study in mice tested V-01 as a booster after inactivated Covid vaccine, including neutralization of a range of variants of concern.

## Clinical studies

A phase I clinical trial to assess the safety and immune response was initiated in February 2021. It concluded that the vaccine was well-tolerated. A phase II trial with 880 participants concluded that the vaccine was immunogenic and well-tolerated. A second phase II trial tested V-01 and a bivalent version targeting Beta and Delta variants of concern as a booster after primary vaccination with inactivated vaccine.

A phase III trial using V-01 as a booster was undertaken during an Omicron wave with 10,218 participants in Malaysia and Pakistan to determine efficacy and safety. Participants had been previously vaccinated with two doses of inactivated vaccine, and were randomised to either V-01 or placebo as a booster.

## InfoBox

V-01
| Vaccine description | |
| --- | --- |
| Target | SARS-CoV-2 |
| Vaccine type | Protein subunit |
| Clinical data | |
| Routes of<br>administration | Intramuscular |


title: Vaade Veedu

abstract: Vaade Veedu is a 1973 Indian Telugu-language comedy drama film, produced by N. Ramabrahmam under the Sri Gowthami Pictures banner and directed by D. Yoganand. It stars N. T. Rama Rao and Manjula, with music composed by Satyam.

text:
# Vaade Veedu

***Vaade Veedu*** (transl.This Man is That Man only) is a 1973 Indian Telugu-language comedy drama film, produced by N. Ramabrahmam under the Sri Gowthami Pictures banner and directed by D. Yoganand. It stars N. T. Rama Rao and Manjula, with music composed by Satyam.

## Plot

Zamindar Jaganadham lives with his wife, Shantamma, and two children. However, manager Kodandam outwits him and subterfuges to usurp his wealth. As of now, a lament enters as the heir, Rambabu, is abducted by a thief, which leads to Jaganadham's death. Here, the thief falsifies his wife, Lakshmi, the kid, as an orphan who rears him with immense love as Kondadu. Years roll by, and Kondadu dauntless proceeds to the city for livelihood amid squabbles with a beautiful Savitri. Consequently, Kodandam conducts multiple hoodwinks on Shantamma to adopt his sidekick, but in vain since she believes that her son will be back. So, Kodandam schemes to fetch an outsider when he detects Kondadu and triumphs in forging as Rambabu. Here, Kondadu is startled to view Savitri as Kodandam's daughter and the two crushes. Further, he emerges genuine tenderness with Shantamma & her daughter Sita. Plus, he discerns the shatter of Sita's marital life as her husband, Shankar, suspects her fidelity. Hence, Kondadu pledges to rectify the plight when, in disguise, Sita attracts Shankar and knows it is too Kodandam's ploy. From there, he teases Kodandam with Savitri's aid. At last, he blabs the truth when Shankar reforms. Meanwhile, Lakshmi also arrives and declares that Kondadu is the heir. Finally, the movie ends on a happy note with the marriage of Kondadu & Savitri.

## Cast

## Soundtrack

| Vaade Veedu | |
| --- | --- |
| Film score by Satyam | |
| Released | 1973 |
| Genre | Soundtrack |
| Length | 33:18 |
| Producer | Satyam |
| Satyam chronology | |
| *Nenu Naa Desam*
(1973) ***Vaade Veedu***
(1973) *Ramude Devudhu*
(1973) | |

Music composed by Satyam.

| S. No. | Song Title | Lyrics | Singers | length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | "Atu Challani Vennela" | Dasaradhi | Ghantasala, P. Susheela | 4:22 |
| 2 | "Cheeraleni Chinnadana" | C. Narayana Reddy | Ghantasala, Ramola | 4:25 |
| 3 | "Edhutanunchi Kadhalanu" | Devulapalli | P. Susheela | 4:00 |
| 4 | "Netiki Mallee Maaintlo" | Devulapalli | Ghantasala, P. Susheela, S. Janaki | 3:33 |
| 5 | "Vayase Oka Paatham" | C. Narayana Reddy | Ghantasala, P. Susheela | 4:27 |
| 6 | "Yemkavaloi Neeku" | Kosaraju | S. Janaki | 4:30 |
| 7 | "Lovelone Undhi" | Kosaraju | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Vasantha | 3:47 |
| 8 | "Hare Raama Aagandi" | Kosaraju | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Vasantha | 4:14 |

## InfoBox

| Vaade Veedu | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | D. Yoganand |
| Written by | D.V.Narasa Raju |
| Produced by | N. Ramabrahmam |
| Starring | N. T. Rama Rao
Manjula |
| Cinematography | S. S. Lal |
| Edited by | B. Kandaswamy |
| Music by | Satyam |
| Production
company | Sri Gowthami Pictures |
| Release date | * 18 October 1973 (1973-10-18) |
| Running time | 164 mins |
| Country | India |
| Language | Telugu |


title: Vaadhoo (Gaafu Dhaalu Atoll)

abstract: Vaadhoo is an inhabited island of Gaafu Dhaalu region in the atoll of Huvadhu, Maldives. It has its own dialect of Maldivian, which is considerably different from northern and Mid-Maldivian speech.

text:
# Vaadhoo (Gaafu Dhaalu Atoll)

**Vaadhoo** ( Dhivehi: ވާދޫ ) is an inhabited island of Gaafu Dhaalu region in the atoll of Huvadhu, Maldives. It has its own dialect of Maldivian, which is considerably different from northern and Mid-Maldivian speech.

## History

### Archaeology

Important Buddhist remains have been found on this island, including:

* A ruined stupa called “Vaadhoo Bodu Havitta” is located on the north-east of the centre of the Island. It is about 90m in circumference and 12 m in height.

* On the north-east of the centre of the island is another mount (Vaadhoo Kuda Havitta) which is about 40 m in circumference and 7 m in height.

* An ancient cemetery knows as “Thunndey Ziyaarai” located on the north-west side of the Island.

* “Vaadhoo Gale Misskih” an ancient Graveyard and a mosque located on the north-east of the centre of the Island.

* “Vaadhoo Dhanna Kaleyfaanu Ziyaarai” known as the grave yard of “Mohamed Jamaaluddin” (Vaadhoo Dhanna Kaleyfaanu) who is one of the important scholars of Maldives.

* “Vaadhoo Aasaaree Misskih” An old mosque where “Mohamed Jamaaluddin” (Vaadhoo Dhanna Kaleyfaanu) started his teachings with the help of Vaadhoo Katheeb (Mohamed Fadiyahthakuru).

* "Bulhannaab" an ancient Graveyard located on the north-east side of the Island.

Thor Heyerdahl visited this island and investigated the ancient Buddhist ruins in the 1980s accompanied by Mohamed Lutfi. Some carved coral stones representing Buddha's foot (Buddhapada) include Vajrayana symbols that were found. However, the ruins have not been well researched yet.

## Geography

The island is 437.12 km (272 mi; 236 nmi) south of the country's capital, Malé.

## Demography

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2006 | 662 |  |
| 2014 | 661 | −0.2% |
| 2006–2014: Census populations
Source: | | |

## Education

Vaadhoo Jamaaluddin School, a government primary and secondary school, which is the second primary school opened in Gdh Vaadhoo. The school is named after the famous religious scholar Mohamed Jamaluddin, better known as Vaadhoo Dhanna Kaleyfaanu and the first Educator of the Maldives. The school first name was called "Vaadhoo Makthab" later changed for "Jamaaluddin School" and currently known as "Vaadhoo Jamaaluddin School".

* H.C.P. Bell, *The Maldive Islands; Monograph on the History, Archaeology and Epigraphy.* Reprint Colombo 1940. Council for Linguistic and Historical Research. Male’ 1989
* Xavier Romero-Frias, *The Maldive Islanders, A Study of the Popular Culture of an Ancient Ocean Kingdom.* 1999, ISBN 84-7254-801-5
* Skjølsvold, Arne. *Archaeological Test-Excavations On The Maldive Islands.* The Kon-Tiki Museum Occasional Papers, Vol. 2. Oslo 1991.

## InfoBox

| Vaadhoo | |
| --- | --- |
| Inhabited island | |
| VaadhooLocation in Maldives | |
| Coordinates: 00°13′45″N 73°16′30″E / 0.22917°N 73.27500°E / 0.22917; 73.27500 | |
| Country | Maldives |
| Administrative atoll | Gaafu Dhaalu Atoll |
| Distance to Malé | 437.12 km (271.61 mi) |
| Government | |
| Council | Vaadhoo Council |
| Area | |
| Total | 1.673 km2 (0.646 sq mi) |
| Dimensions | |
| Length | 2.320 km (1.442 mi) |
| Width | 1.130 km (0.702 mi) |
| Population (2014) | |
| Total | 712 (including foreigners) |
| Time zone | UTC+05:00 (MST) |


title: Valentine de Sainte-Aldegonde

abstract: Marie Valentine Joséphine de Sainte-Aldegonde, Duchess of Dino was the wife of Alexandre Edmond de Talleyrand-Périgord, 3rd Duke of Dino, and mistress of Anatoly Nikolaievich Demidov, 1st Prince of San Donato.

text:
# Valentine de Sainte-Aldegonde

**Marie *Valentine* Joséphine de Sainte-Aldegonde, Duchess of Dino** (29 May 1820  23 September 1891) was the wife of Alexandre Edmond de Talleyrand-Périgord, 3rd Duke of Dino, and mistress of Anatoly Nikolaievich Demidov, 1st Prince of San Donato.

## Early life

She was the daughter of Count Charles Camille de Sainte-Aldegonde and Adélaïde Joséphine de Bourlon de Chavange. Her father was a brigadier general and officer of the Grand Officer of the Legion d'Honneur.

## Personal life

On 8 October 1839 she married Alexandre Edmond de Talleyrand-Périgord, Duke of Dino, son of Edmond de Talleyrand-Périgord, Duke of Talleyrand and Princess Dorothea of Courland, at the Château de Beauregard at Cellettes (Loir-et-Cher), her mother's property. With Talleyrand-Périgord, Valentine had six children, of whom four survived:

* *Clémentine* Marie Wilhelmine de Talleyrand-Périgord (1841–1881), who married Count Alexandre Orlowski.
* Charles *Maurice* Camille de Talleyrand-Périgord (1843–1917), 4th duke of Dino, 2nd marquis de Talleyrand.
* Elisabeth Alexandrine Florence de Talleyrand-Périgord (1844–1880), who married Count Hans von Oppersdorff.
* *Archambault* Anatole Paul de Talleyrand-Périgord (1845–1918), 3rd marquis de Talleyrand.

Valentine died on 23 September 1891.

### Relationship with Demidov

Valentine had a passionate admirer, Anatoly Nikolaievich Demidov, 1st Prince of San Donato, a Russian industrialist, diplomat and arts patron of the Demidov family. Anatoly attended her wedding and even helped assist the event. He offered her a diamond ornament whose magnificence caused the bridegroom worry. The next year, in 1840, Demidov briefly broke off their liaison due to financial problems, but later that same year married Princess Mathilde Bonaparte and resumed his affair with Valentine on his first stay in Paris after his wedding. In 1845, he arranged for Valentine to settle with him in Florence and stayed by her side, even though her husband took umbrage. At a costume ball, Valentine was insulted by her rival, Mathilde, and in response Demidov slapped his wife twice in public, which signalled their final separation soon thereafter.


title: Valentín Paz Andrade

abstract: Valentín Paz Andrade was a Galician lawyer, writer, politician, journalist, poet, businessman and economist. Galician Literature Day is dedicated to him in 2012.

text:
# Valentín Paz Andrade

**Valentín Paz Andrade** (b. Pontevedra, 23 April 1898 – Vigo, 19 May 1987) was a Galician lawyer, writer, politician, journalist, poet, businessman and economist.

Galician Literature Day is dedicated to him in 2012.

## Works

* *Pranto matricial* (1955) ISBN 978-84-85134-04-5.
* *Los derechos sobre el espacio marítimo* (1960) ISBN 978-84-290-0260-7.
* *La anunciación de Valle-Inclán* (1967) ISBN 978-84-7339-537-3.
* *Sementeira do vento* (1968) ISBN 978-84-7154-087-4.
* *La marginacíón de Galicia* (1970) ISBN 978-84-323-0027-1.
* X. R. Barreiro Fernández, F. Díaz-Fierros ..., *Los Gallegos*, (1976), *La sociedad y la economía*, (1975), pp. 45–93.
* *A galecidade na obra de Guimarães Rosa* (1978) ISBN 978-84-85134-92-2.
* *Cen chaves de sombra* (1979) ISBN 978-84-7492-007-9.
* *Castelao na luz e na sombra* (1982) ISBN 978-84-7492-130-4.
* *Galiza lavra a sua imagem* (1985) ISBN 978-84-7492-258-5.
* *O legado xornalístico de Valentín Paz-Andrade* (1997) ISBN 978-84-88254-53-5.
* *Epistolario*, (1997) ISBN 978-84-7492-841-9.

### Further information

## InfoBox

| Valentín Paz Andrade | |
| --- | --- |
| Valentín Paz Andrade, ca. 1937. | |
| Born | Valentín Paz Andrade
23 April 1898
Pontevedra, Galicia |
| Died | 19 May 1987(1987-05-19) (aged 89)
Vigo, Galicia |
| Occupation | Lawyer, writer, politician and businessman |
| Language | Galician |
| Nationality | Galician |
| Citizenship | Spanish |
| Education | Law |
| Alma mater | University of Santiago de Compostela |
| Spouse | Pilar Rodríguez de Prada |
| Children | Afonso Paz-Andrade Rodríguez |
| Relatives | Matilde Andrade Tojeiro (mother)\<vr\>Francisco Paz Cochón (father)
María Inmaculada Paz-Andrade (niece) |