title: Viitna

abstract: Viitna is a village in Kadrina Parish, Lääne-Viru County, in northern Estonia. It's located on the Tallinn–Narva road, about 71 km east of Tallinn. Viitna has a population of 83. Viitna is best known for the historical tavern situated by the road. It was first mentioned in 1768, since then it has burned down a few times, the last fire was in 1989. Today the tavern is restored, a restaurant and a post office are operating there. The lakes Viitna Pikkjärv and Viitna Linajärv are located in the southern part of the village.

text:
# Viitna

**Viitna** is a village in Kadrina Parish, Lääne-Viru County, in northern Estonia. It's located on the TallinnNarva road (Estonian main road nr. 1; part of E20), about 71 km east of Tallinn. Viitna has a population of 83 (as of 1 January 2007).

Viitna is best known for the historical tavern (Viitna Inn) situated by the road. It was first mentioned in 1768, since then it has burned down a few times, the last fire was in 1989. Today the tavern is restored, a restaurant and a post office are operating there.

The lakes Viitna Pikkjärv and Viitna Linajärv are located in the southern part of the village.

## InfoBox

| Viitna | |
| --- | --- |
| village | |
| Viitna tavern | |
| ViitnaLocation in Estonia | |
| Coordinates: 59°27′23″N 26°00′50″E / 59.45639°N 26.01389°E / 59.45639; 26.01389 | |
| Country | Estonia |
| County | Lääne-Viru County |
| Municipality | Kadrina Parish |
| Population (01.01.2007) | |
| Total | 83 |


title: Viiu Härm

abstract: Viiu Härm is an Estonian poet, author, photographer, translator, and former actress. Härm's career as an actress began as a teenager in the early 1960s. After appearing onstage and in several films, she retired from acting in the early 1970s to focus on writing.

text:
# Viiu Härm

**Viiu Härm** (born 3 July 1944) is an Estonian poet, author, photographer, translator, and former actress. Härm's career as an actress began as a teenager in the early 1960s. After appearing onstage and in several films, she retired from acting in the early 1970s to focus on writing.

## Early life and education

Viiu Härm was born in German occupied-Tallinn during World War II to parents Evald and Liidia Härm (*née* Kiive). She is the eldest of two children; her brother is ballet dancer/master and choreographer Tiit Härm. She attended Tallinn 29th Incomplete Secondary School from 1951 until 1958 and Tallinn 7th Secondary School from 1958 until graduating in 1962. Upon graduating from secondary school, she enrolled in the Performing Arts Department of the Tallinn State Conservatory (now, the Estonian Academy of Music and Theatre) to study acting under instruction of Voldemar Panso and Vello Rummo, graduating in 1966. Among her graduating classmates were Rudolf Allabert, Helgi Ilo, Enn Kraam, Tõnu Mikiver, and Tõnu Tamm.

## Career

### Acting

Viiu Härm's career as an actress came to prominence as an eighteen-year-old when she was cast in the starring role of Salme in the 1962 Leida Laius-directed Tallinna Kinostuudio (now, Tallinnfilm) war-drama *Õhtust hommikuni*, based on the 1960 short story by author Heino Puhvel (under the pen name Mart Kalda). This was followed by a supporting role in the 1963 Igor Yeltsov-directed drama *Ühe katuse all*, based on the story *Ühes majas* by Estonian author Hans Leberecht and also released by Tallinna Kinostuudio. In 1967, she appeared in her final film role, that of Paula, in the Veljo Käsper-directed and Lilli Promet-penned Tallinnfilm drama *Tütarlaps mustas*. She has also appeared in several television productions.

When Härm's former Tallinn State Conservatory instructor and theatre pedagogue Voldemar Panso helped establish the Estonian SSR State Youth Theatre (now, the Tallinn City Theater) in 1965, Härm was among the first group of actors to receive an engagement with the theatre. She was employed at the theatre until 1971 when she retired for health reasons.

### Writing

After retiring from acting before the age of thirty, Härm began to concentrate on writing. Her first works of poetry were published in the youth magazine *Säde* and the journal *Noorus*; her later works were consistently published in Estonia's oldest literary journal *Looming.* In 1973, Eesti Raamat published her first collection of poetry *Pealkirjata*. Since then, a number of collections of poetry and two novels have been published. Her 2004 novel *Õhuaken* won the 2005 Eduard Vilde Literary Award.

Selected works * *Pealkirjata* (poetry collection, 1973)
* *Luuletusi, lugusid ja midagi ka Margareetast* (poetry collection, 1978)
* *Valge vaikus* (poetry collection with Peeter Tooming and Ants Säde, 1979)
* *Sina, jõgi* (poetry collection with photographer Peeter Tooming, 1984)
* *Avamaastik / Kusagil tuksub mu süda* (poetry collection with husband Paul-Eerik Rummo, 1989)
* *Duubel kaks: nüüd, kus ma midagi ei küsi...* (novel, 2000)
* *Keegi teeline* (poetry collection, 2004)
* *Õhuaken* (novel, 2004)
* *Oh sind tüdrukut* (children's book, 2009)
* *Pallimäng* (children's book, 2017)

In addition to her own work, Härm has also compiled a collection of poems by Marie Under titled *Laternaks mu enda süda* that was published in 2006 with a foreword written by Härm. She has also translated verses from Latvian into the Estonian language, and has also written new Estonian translations for the plays *Among the Angels* by Leonid Zhuhovitsky, *The Cherry Orchard* by Anton Chekhov, and *Years of Wandering* by Aleksei Arbuzov.

### Photography

Härm has also earned recognition as a nature photographer. In 2017, she won awards from both the Pilvepiir photo contest and the natural science magazine *Eesti Loodus*. That same year, Härm's exhibit of nature photography titled *Lähedal* opened in both Kõpu Lighthouse on the island of Hiiumaa and at the A. H. Tammsaare Museum in Tallinn.

## Personal life

Viiu Härm is married to poet, playwright, translator, and politician Paul-Eerik Rummo. The couple have three daughters: Lilit, Tiiu-Liisa, and Viiu-Marie.

## InfoBox

| Viiu Härm | |
| --- | --- |
| Viiu Härm (left), Veronika Portsmuth and Olav Ehala at the XI Estonian Youth Song and Dance Festival in 2011 | |
| Born | (1944-07-03) 3 July 1944<br>Tallinn, Estonia |
| Nationality | Estonian |
| Other names | Viiu Härm-Rummo |
| Occupation(s) | Actress, poet, author, photographer, translator |
| Years active | 1962–present |
| Spouse | Paul-Eerik Rummo |
| Children | 3 |


title: Villers-en-Arthies

abstract: Villers-en-Arthies is a commune in the Val-d'Oise department in Île-de-France in northern France.

text:
# Villers-en-Arthies

**Villers-en-Arthies** (French pronunciation: \[vilɛʁ ɑ̃.n‿aʁti\] ) is a commune in the Val-d'Oise department in Île-de-France in northern France.

## InfoBox

| Villers-en-Arthies | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| The town hall and school, in Villers-en-Arthies | |
| Location of Villers-en-Arthies | |
| Villers-en-ArthiesVillers-en-Arthies | |
| Coordinates: 49°05′24″N 1°43′36″E / 49.0900°N 1.7267°E / 49.0900; 1.7267 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Île-de-France |
| Department | Val-d'Oise |
| Arrondissement | Pontoise |
| Canton | Vauréal |
| Intercommunality | Vexin Val de Seine |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Jean-François Renard |
| Area**1** | 8.25 km2 (3.19 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 489 |
| Density | 59/km2 (150/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 95676 /95510 |
| Elevation | 89–205 m (292–673 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Villers-en-Ouche

abstract: Villers-en-Ouche is a former commune in the Orne department in north-western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of La Ferté-en-Ouche.

text:
# Villers-en-Ouche

**Villers-en-Ouche** (French pronunciation: \[vilɛʁ ɑ̃.n‿uʃ\] , literally *Villers in Ouche*) is a former commune in the Orne department in north-western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of La Ferté-en-Ouche.

## InfoBox

| Villers-en-Ouche | |
| --- | --- |
| Part of La Ferté-en-Ouche | |
| Location of Villers-en-Ouche | |
| Villers-en-OucheVillers-en-Ouche | |
| Coordinates: 48°51′39″N 0°27′23″E / 48.8608°N 0.4564°E / 48.8608; 0.4564 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Normandy |
| Department | Orne |
| Arrondissement | Mortagne-au-Perche |
| Canton | Rai |
| Commune | La Ferté-en-Ouche |
| Area**1** | 11.13 km2 (4.30 sq mi) |
| Population (2019) | 328 |
| Density | 29/km2 (76/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 61550 |
| Elevation | 197–257 m (646–843 ft)
(avg. 250 m or 820 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Villevoques

abstract: Villevoques is a commune in the Loiret department in north-central France.

text:
# Villevoques

**Villevoques** (French pronunciation: \[vilvɔk\]) is a commune in the Loiret department in north-central France.

## InfoBox

| Villevoques | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| Location of Villevoques | |
| VillevoquesVillevoques | |
| Coordinates: 48°01′49″N 2°37′40″E / 48.0303°N 2.6278°E / 48.0303; 2.6278 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Centre-Val de Loire |
| Department | Loiret |
| Arrondissement | Montargis |
| Canton | Courtenay |
| Intercommunality | Quatre Vallées |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Chantal Lamige-Roche |
| Area**1** | 5.06 km2 (1.95 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 201 |
| Density | 40/km2 (100/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 45343 /45700 |
| Elevation | 88–114 m (289–374 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Vilafant Bridge

abstract: The High Speed Railway line connecting Barcelona and the French border crosses the Municipality of Vilafant 19 ft below the ground level. To cross the sunken railroad, two pedestrian bridges were constructed. The structure, with one span of 150 ft, is monolithically connected with the abutments. The use of unusual geometric shapes fabricated using stainless-steel and GFRP are blended in an innovative fashion, giving rise to an austere and elegant solution.

text:
# Vilafant Bridge

The **High Speed Railway** line connecting Barcelona and the French border crosses the Municipality of Vilafant 19 ft (6 m) below the ground level. To cross the sunken railroad, two pedestrian bridges were constructed. The structure, with one span of 150 ft (46 m), is monolithically connected with the abutments. The use of unusual geometric shapes fabricated using stainless-steel and GFRP are blended in an innovative fashion, giving rise to an austere and elegant solution.

## Description

The two gateways projected signal constitute a creative and innovative engineering. The forms are soft, curved in a flat landscape, but the purity of line and transparency achieved consistently relate to the environment. The shape evokes the flight of a butterfly on the flat landscape of the Empordà. The structure is both austere and elegant, audible in the distance but not imposed. It is a metaphor for innovation through the use of advanced materials. Represents a driver of technological development and progress of our society.

The choice of materials and design combine to provide a balance between economic, formal and constructive with the best results. The lightness of the structure construction ensures a simple, fast and secure and the simplicity of its design can be prefabricated in workshop, ensuring quality finishes and high performance implementation.

The two crosses have been designed with the same solution, two bridges of about 164 ft (50 m) total light elastically with a single flush vain in their stirrups (solution integral). The bridges allow for a generous platform 13 ft (4 m) useful for pedestrian and bicycle use.

## Construction

The design concept is based on three basic ideas: the use of light-weight materials, the use of materials free of maintenance such as stainless-steel and GFRP (Fiberglass) and minimalism approach (sober and elegant forms and clean lines, creating a bridge with a clearly identity but not dominating the beautiful port environment).

The two bridges have a main longitudinal span of 148 ft (45,2 m) and a width-deck of 13 ft (4 m). The structures are built-in on both abutments. The cross-section consists of two supported Vierendeel trusses combined with double-sheets of GFRP as structural webs. The height of the trusses is variable being 11 ft (3,4 m) at the elastomeric support and 3 ft (1,2 m) at mid-span.

## InfoBox

| Vilafant Bridge | |
| --- | --- |
| Bridge view | |
| Coordinates | 42°15′00″N 2°57′00″E / 42.2500°N 2.9500°E / 42.2500; 2.9500 |
| Carries | Pedestrians |
| Crosses | High Speed Railway |
| Locale | Vilafant, Catalonia, Spain |
| Owner | ADIF |
| Characteristics | |
| Design | Stainless-steel and Fiberglass |
| Material | Light-weight materials, Glass-Fibre-Reinforced-Polymer (GFRP) |
| History | |
| Designer | Pedelta Structural Engineers |
| Engineering design by | Juan Sobrino, Javier Jordán, Lara Pellegrini |
| Opened | 2011 |
| Location | |
|  | |


title: Vilayur

abstract: Vilayur is a village and gram panchayat in Pattambi, Palakkad district in the state of Kerala, India.

text:
# Vilayur

**Vilayur** is a village and gram panchayat in Pattambi, Palakkad district in the state of Kerala, India.

## Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Vilayur had a population of 20,674 with 9,754 males and 10,920 females.

## InfoBox

| Vilayur | |
| --- | --- |
| village | |
| VilayurLocation in Kerala, IndiaVilayurVilayur (India) | |
| Coordinates: 10°53′0″N 76°11′0″E / 10.88333°N 76.18333°E / 10.88333; 76.18333 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Kerala |
| District | Palakkad |
| Population (2001) | |
| Total | 20,674 |
| Languages | |
| Official | Malayalam, English |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 679309 |
| Vehicle registration | KL-52 |


title: Villahermosa, Tolima

abstract: Villahermosa is a town and municipality in the Tolima department of Colombia. The population of the municipality was 12,574 as of the 1993 census. The municipality is also one of the most important coffee producers of Tolima's north.

text:
# Villahermosa, Tolima

**Villahermosa** is a town and municipality in the Tolima department of Colombia. The population of the municipality was 12,574 as of the 1993 census. The municipality is also one of the most important coffee producers of Tolima's north.

## Climate

Villahermosa has a subtropical highland climate (Cfb). It has heavy rainfall year-round.

| Climate data for Villahermosa, elevation 2,029 m (6,657 ft), (1981–2010) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 19.7
(67.5) | 19.9
(67.8) | 20.1
(68.2) | 20.2
(68.4) | 20.4
(68.7) | 20.4
(68.7) | 20.3
(68.5) | 20.5
(68.9) | 20.4
(68.7) | 20.0
(68.0) | 19.9
(67.8) | 19.9
(67.8) | 20.1
(68.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 16.5
(61.7) | 16.6
(61.9) | 16.8
(62.2) | 17.1
(62.8) | 17.3
(63.1) | 17.1
(62.8) | 16.9
(62.4) | 17.0
(62.6) | 17.0
(62.6) | 16.7
(62.1) | 16.7
(62.1) | 16.6
(61.9) | 16.9
(62.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 13.6
(56.5) | 13.8
(56.8) | 14.0
(57.2) | 14.3
(57.7) | 14.3
(57.7) | 13.7
(56.7) | 13.5
(56.3) | 13.3
(55.9) | 13.6
(56.5) | 13.7
(56.7) | 13.7
(56.7) | 13.7
(56.7) | 13.7
(56.7) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 161.1
(6.34) | 192.2
(7.57) | 242.4
(9.54) | 286.0
(11.26) | 292.9
(11.53) | 137.2
(5.40) | 108.1
(4.26) | 125.9
(4.96) | 232.0
(9.13) | 308.2
(12.13) | 270.8
(10.66) | 185.0
(7.28) | 2,541.7
(100.07) |
| Average precipitation days | 16 | 16 | 20 | 22 | 21 | 15 | 13 | 13 | 17 | 22 | 21 | 18 | 212 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 89 | 89 | 89 | 89 | 89 | 88 | 85 | 84 | 86 | 89 | 90 | 89 | 88 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 133.3 | 107.3 | 114.7 | 108.0 | 133.3 | 165.0 | 186.0 | 186.0 | 153.0 | 127.1 | 105.0 | 127.1 | 1,645.8 |
| Mean daily sunshine hours | 4.3 | 3.8 | 3.7 | 3.6 | 4.3 | 5.5 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 5.1 | 4.1 | 3.5 | 4.1 | 4.5 |
| Source: Instituto de Hidrologia Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

5°00′N 75°10′W / 5.000°N 75.167°W / 5.000; -75.167

## InfoBox

| Villahermosa, Tolima | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality and town | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location of the municipality and town of Villahermosa, Tolima in the Tolima Department of Colombia. | |
| Country | Colombia |
| Department | Tolima Department |
| Area | |
| Total | 264.7 km2 (102.2 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 2,079 m (6,821 ft) |
| Population (2015) | |
| Total | 10,696 |
| Density | 40/km2 (100/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Colombia Standard Time) |


title: Villaharta

abstract: Villaharta is a city located in the province of Córdoba, Spain.

text:
# Villaharta

**Villaharta** is a city located in the province of Córdoba, Spain.

* Villaharta \- Sistema de Información Multiterritorial de Andalucía

## InfoBox

| Villaharta | |
| --- | --- |
| city | |
|  | |
| VillahartaLocation in Spain. | |
| Coordinates: 38°08′N 4°54′W / 38.133°N 4.900°W / 38.133; -4.900 | |
| Country | Spain |
| Autonomous community | Andalusia |
| Province | Córdoba |
| Comarca | Valle del Guadiato |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Alfonso Expósito Galán |
| Area | |
| Total | 12 km2 (5 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 580 m (1,900 ft) |
| Population (2018) | |
| Total | 643 |
| Density | 54/km2 (140/sq mi) |
| Demonym | Villaharteños |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: Villa Luisa (Alcamo)

abstract: Villa Luisa is a mansion located in the town centre of Alcamo, in the province of Trapani.

text:
# Villa Luisa (Alcamo)

**Villa Luisa** is a mansion located in the town centre of Alcamo, in the province of Trapani.

## History

It is an elegant villa probably built in 1903 in Liberty style; it took the name of his owner’s wife, Stefano Chiarelli Peria. It is situated in Alcamo, a town rich with ancient buildings and beautiful churches. We do not know the name of the architect who planned it, but it is very similar to *Villa Paino* in Palermo, also belonging to the family Chiarelli Rossotti, and whose plan is assigned to the engineer Francesco Naselli of Ernesto Basile school.

The mansion has been used as a dance hall and for wedding parties in the 1970s, then as a nursery school in the 1980s.

Today, after the restoration made in 1980, it has become a refined household, with trees of different types, and multicoloured flowers: a real peaceful haven.

### Description

The building has a fine Liberty style tending towards Moorish; with only one raised floor, it is 350 square metres large, with a magnificent garden enriched by fountains and elegant seats. On the main façade (still surmounted by the owner’s coat of arms and his initials) there is a big balcony with a fine marble parapet, with some carvings with the shape of a Greek cross, and five artistic openings. There are 14 rooms, with the ballroom, about 110 square metres large, in the middle of them.

After the restoration made in 1980 (made according to the project of the architects Valeria De Folly, Dannis and Carlo Bruschi), this room has become a more functional space, like a corner rich with different plants, well-lighted by a large skylight and a big white chandelier made of Murano glass dated 1943.

The furniture is very appropriate, as they have maintained the family’s one, dating back to the early 1900s; there are also two beautiful fireplaces of grey marble, the first is located in the hall and the other in the main bedroom. That one in the hall has geometrical patterns, with the coat of arms of the barons Rossotti Chiarelli, surmounted by a baronial crown. The second fireplace has floral arrangements, with the family crest in the middle of it.

1. Villa Luisa Comune di Alcamo
2. Roberto Calia: I Palazzi dell'aristocrazia e della borghesia alcamese; Alcamo, Carrubba, 1997

## Sources

* Roberto Calia: I Palazzi dell'aristocrazia e della borghesia alcamese; Alcamo, Carrubba, 1997
* P.M. Rocca: di alcuni antichi edifici di Alcamo; Palermo, tip. Castellana-Di Stefano, 1905

## InfoBox

| Villa Luisa | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Architectural style | Liberty |
| Town or city | Alcamo |
| Country | Italy |
| Coordinates | 37°58′57″N 12°58′02″E / 37.98251°N 12.96714°E / 37.98251; 12.96714 |
| Construction started | 1903 |
| Client | Stefano Chiarelli Peria |
| Technical details | |
| Size | 350 square metres |
| Design and construction | |
| Engineer | Francesco Naselli |


title: Unktaheela

abstract: Unktaheela is an extinct genus of polycotylid plesiosaur from the Late Cretaceous Sharon Springs Formation of the United States. The genus contains a single species, U. specta, known from two partial skeletons. Unktaheela represents the smallest known polycotylid.

text:
# Unktaheela

***Unktaheela*** is an extinct genus of polycotylid plesiosaur from the Late Cretaceous Sharon Springs Formation of the United States. The genus contains a single species, ***U. specta***, known from two partial skeletons. *Unktaheela* represents the smallest known polycotylid.

## Discovery and naming

HolotypeParatypeclass=notpageimage|*Unktaheela* type localities in Wyoming (holotype) and South Dakota (paratype)

The *Unktaheela* fossil material was discovered in sediments of the Sharon Springs Formation (*Baculites obtusus* zone) in the United States. The holotype specimen, UCM 35059, was found near Redbird in Niobrara County, Wyoming, and it consists of a skull with mandible and a nearly complete series of cervical, sacral, and caudal vertebrae, a partial series of dorsal vertebrae, partial pectoral and pelvic girdles, and elements of all the paddle limbs. The paratype specimen, SDSM 142501, was found near Buffalo Gap in Fall River County, South Dakota, and it consists of a complete skull, broken mandible, and five fragmentary remains of the postcrania that remain unidentified.

In 1996, Kenneth Carpenter described specimen UCM 35059 as belonging to a juvenile individual of the related *Dolichorhynchops osborni*.

In 2023, Robert O. Clark, F. Robin O'Keefe, and Sara E. Slack described *Unktaheela specta* as a new genus and species of polycotylid based on these fossil remains. The generic name, "*Unktaheela*", references Unhcegila, a legendary Lakota horned water serpent known for its keen eyes. The specific name "*specta*" is derived from the Latin word "spectare", meaning "to see," in reference to the hypothesized visual adaptations and morphology of the orbital.

## Description

*Unktaheela* was a very small polycotylid that, when mature, had some characteristics that might be expected of ontogenetically young individuals. The holotype skull is 44.4 centimetres (17.5 in) long, and the paratype skull is 43 centimetres (17 in) long. These lengths are smaller than any other known mature polycotylid skull, and are comparable to the size of juvenile skulls of *Dolichorhynchops* and *Mauriciosaurus*. *Unktaheela* was approximately 2.3–2.6 metres (7.5–8.5 ft) long. Adult individuals of other small polycotylids such as *Dolichorhynchops* and *Scalamagnus* were closer to 3 metres (9.8 ft) in length. The skull of *Unktaheela* has unusually large orbits, a feature commonly associated with juvenile animals. However, many anatomical characteristics of the known specimens indicate that they belonged to fully grown individuals. For example, many bones are fused in the specimens that are typically unfused in juvenile plesiosaurs. The humeri are wide, as opposed to the narrow form seen in juveniles. *Unktaheela* had at least 26 maxillary teeth. In comparison, adult individuals of *Dolichorhynchops* had at least 22, while juveniles have 13–14.

## Classification

Clark, O'Keefe & Slack (2023) recovered *Unktaheela* as a polycotylid member of the plesiosaur clade Leptocleidia, as the sister taxon to the clade formed by *Martinectes* and an unnamed polycotyline from the Niobrara Formation. These species, together with *Dolichorhynchops* spp. (*D. osborni* and *D. herschelensis*), form the clade Dolichorhynchia within the Polycotylinae. The results of their phylogenetic analyses are shown in the cladogram below:

## InfoBox

| *Unktaheela*
Temporal range: Late Cretaceous (middle Campanian), | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Diagram of a restored skull | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Superorder: | Sauropterygia |
| Order: | Plesiosauria |
| Family: | Polycotylidae |
| *Clade*: | Dolichorhynchia |
| Genus: | *Unktaheela* |
| Species: | ***U. specta*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Unktaheela specta***
Clark, O'Keefe & Slack, 2023 | |
|


title: St. George's College, Cairo

abstract: St. George's College is a boys' school that offers the basic three stages of the pre-university education system in Cairo, Egypt. The primary language of instruction is English; nevertheless, social sciences are taught in Arabic. In addition, French is also taught as a second foreign language.

text:
# St. George's College, Cairo

**St. George's College** is a boys' school that offers the basic three stages of the pre-university education system in Cairo, Egypt (primary, preparatory, and secondary education stages). The primary language of instruction is English; nevertheless, social sciences are taught in Arabic. In addition, French is also taught as a second foreign language.

## History

S.G.C. is one of the oldest private English language schools in Cairo, as it was established in September 1934. At that time it was located in Shubra.

In 1950, it was amalgamated with the smaller St. Austin's School, and was transferred to Heliopolis (Cairo suburb) at Ismailia Square.

https://heliopolis.st-georgescollege.com

## InfoBox

| St. George's College (S.G.C.) | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | |
|  | |
| Cairo<br>Egypt | |
| Information | |
| Type | Private |
| Established | 1934 |
| Language | English |
| Nickname | S.G.C. |


title: Wanjii Hydroelectric Power Station

abstract: The Wanjii Hydroelectric Power Station is a 7.4 MW (9,900 hp) hydroelectric power station in Kenya.

text:
# Wanjii Hydroelectric Power Station

The **Wanjii Hydroelectric Power Station** is a 7.4 MW (9,900 hp) hydroelectric power station in Kenya.

## Location

The power station is located near the village of *Kambirwa*, in Muranga County, approximately 82 kilometres (51 mi), by road, northeast of Nairobi, the capital and largest city in Kenya. The coordinates of Wanjii Power Station are: 0°44'58.0"S, 37°10'29.0"E (Latitude:-0.749437; Longitude:37.174731).

## Overview

The power station draws its waters from the Mathioya River and the Maragwa River stored in the *Wanjii Reservoir* on the *Maragwa River*.

## Ownership

Wanjii Hydroelectric Power Station is owned by Kenya Electricity Generating Company, a parastatal company of the government of Kenya.

## InfoBox

| Wanjii Hydroelectric Power Station | |
| --- | --- |
| Location of Wanjii Hydroelectric Power Station in Kenya | |
| Country | Kenya |
| Coordinates | 00°44′58″S 37°10′29″E / 0.74944°S 37.17472°E / -0.74944; 37.17472 |
| Purpose | Power |
| Status | Operational |
| Opening date | 1952 (1952) |
| Owner(s) | Kenya Electricity Generating Company |
| Wanjii Hydroelectric Power Station | |
| Operator(s) | Kenya Electricity Generating Company |
| Commission date | 1952 |
| Type | Reservoir |
| Turbines | 4 X 1.85MW |
| Installed capacity | 7.4 MW (9,900 hp) |


title: Mobile industrial robots

abstract: Mobile industrial robots are pieces of machinery that are able to be programmed to perform tasks in an industrial setting. Typically these have been used in stationary and workbench applications; however, mobile industrial robots introduce a new method for lean manufacturing. With advances in controls and robotics, current technology has been improved allowing for mobile tasks such as product delivery. This additional flexibility in manufacturing can save a company time and money during the manufacturing process, and therefore results in a cheaper end product. Mobile robot technology has potential to revolutionize many sectors of industry; however, it carries with it some disadvantages. The logistics of manufacturing will be streamlined by allowing robots to autonomously navigate to different areas for their work. The labour demands for employees will be lessened as robots will be able to work alongside humans, and robots will assist with medicine and surgery more and more. However, there are drawbacks to this technology. Coordinating the movement of robots around facilities and calibrating their position at their destination is tedious and far from perfect. A robot malfunctioning in a manufacturing setting will hold up production - and this robot could malfunction anywhere in a facility. Human safety must also be considered. Robots must prioritize the safety of human operators over their programmed task - which may complicate the coordination of multiple autonomous robots. Especially in a surgical setting, there is no room for error on the robot's part. Even though some challenges are present, mobile robot technology promises to streamline aspects across much of the industry.

text:
# Mobile industrial robots

**Mobile industrial robots** are pieces of machinery that are able to be programmed to perform tasks in an industrial setting. Typically these have been used in stationary and workbench applications; however, mobile industrial robots introduce a new method for lean manufacturing. With advances in controls and robotics, current technology has been improved allowing for mobile tasks such as product delivery. This additional flexibility in manufacturing can save a company time and money during the manufacturing process, and therefore results in a cheaper end product.

Mobile robot technology has potential to revolutionize many sectors of industry; however, it carries with it some disadvantages. The logistics of manufacturing will be streamlined by allowing robots to autonomously navigate to different areas for their work. The labour demands for employees will be lessened as robots will be able to work alongside humans, and robots will assist with medicine and surgery more and more. However, there are drawbacks to this technology. Coordinating the movement of robots around facilities and calibrating their position at their destination is tedious and far from perfect. A robot malfunctioning in a manufacturing setting will hold up production - and this robot could malfunction anywhere in a facility. Human safety must also be considered. Robots must prioritize the safety of human operators over their programmed task - which may complicate the coordination of multiple autonomous robots. Especially in a surgical setting, there is no room for error on the robot's part. Even though some challenges are present, mobile robot technology promises to streamline aspects across much of the industry.

## History

Automation began in the automobile industry in the years surrounding WWII (1946) and the origin of the term itself belongs with D.S. Harder, the engineering manager at the Ford Motor Company. At first, the term was used to describe the increased presence of automatic devices in production lines and solely manufacturing contexts. Now, automation is widely used in many industries where computerized action and feedback loops can replace human intervention in the workplace. Over time, development in this area has become increasingly dependent upon advanced computer technologies and the advancement of processing capabilities.

In its current form, most industrial robots are powered mechanical arms with the ability to perform anthropomorphic actions. Advancements in miniaturization of computers, mathematical control theory as well as improved sensory technologies have had great impact on the feedback control systems that drive robotics. The first industrial robot performed spot welding and die castings in a General Motors factory in New Jersey, USA in 1962. Soon, robotic arms were exploding within the large-scale manufacturing industry and several new companies came into existence including Kuka in 1973, Nachi in 1969, Fanuc in 1974, Yaskawa in 1977, ASEA in 1977, and several others. By 1980, it is estimated a new major robotics company entered the market every month.

Mobile robotics are now set to experience similar expansion as they become significantly more reliable in an industrial setting. Even if a mobile robot makes mistakes, it will eventually be less frequently than mistakes caused by human factors.

## Overview

The simplicity of mobile industrial robots provide their main advantage in industrial settings due to the ease of use and ability to be operated via technologies well understood by most people. In addition, robots are able to operate almost continuously and will never complain about long work hours; greatly increasing efficiency in a lean manufacturing environment. The main current disadvantage lies in high costs of repair as well as the production delays that would be caused by a failure or malfunction. These factors are very preventative to putting major amounts of responsibility on mobile robotics, however they are being continually lessened.

## Applications of mobile industrial robots

The mobile industrial robots have many applications that they have been used in already including in the healthcare industry, home and industrial security, ocean and space exploration, the food service industry, and in distribution applications.

### Medicine

Mobile industrial robots have several uses within the healthcare industry in both hospitals and homes. Drug delivery, patient services, and other nursing functions could be easily adapted to robots. Due to the fact that items being carried around typically weigh less than 100 kg, robots much smaller than the MiR (see above) may be used. Specialized equipment may be mounted on robots, allowing them to assist with surgical procedures. Overall, their place in the medical industry is to provide a more reliable source of customer care while reducing human error.

### Scientific experimentation and exploration

The first instances of automation in labs possessed limited capabilities and relied on simple mechanical principles – often resembling the assembly line factory robots they had been based on. These early mobile robots primarily focused on liquid handling. And despite their rudimentary nature, they marked a significant departure from traditional methodologies, laying the groundwork for future efficiency and standardization.

In the scientific world, there is a large number of applications for mobile robots. Their ability to perform experiments and exploration without putting human lives in danger makes them an important asset. Unlike humans, robots do not require life support systems to function. In space travel, robots are performing science on planets and asteroids because sending humans is far more taxing on resources and money. The same is true in the oceanography domain. In fact, several of the same robotic systems are designed to perform their science under both conditions - space and underwater. In nuclear power plants, robots can service electronics and mechanical systems which prevents human exposure to large amounts of radiation.

### Aircraft maintenance and repair

For applications like painting and de-painting aircraft, two fixed robots are inadequate because not all parts of the aircraft can be reached. Adding more fixed robots would complete the task, but the cost is prohibitive. If mobile robots are used, one or two may be enough to service the entire aircraft because they can move to whatever area needs work. Mobile robots need to be truly autonomous to be useful in manufacturing. Erik Nieves said, “Mobility moves robots from being machines to production partners” Rather than bringing work to the robot, the robot should be smart enough to go to where the work is.

Automated aircraft inspection systems have the potential to make aircraft maintenance safer and more reliable. Various solutions are currently developed: a collaborative mobile robot named Air-Cobot, and autonomous drones from Donecle or EasyJet.

### Pipeline maintenance

For maintenance of pipelines which are buried underground, mobile robots can travel through the pipeline performing inspection and maintenance operations, replacing other techniques, some of which could only otherwise be done by unearthing the pipeline. CISBOT (cast-iron sealing robot) a cast iron pipe repair robot that seals the joints in natural gas pipelines from the inside.

## Examples

Mobile Industrial Robots (MiR)

The Autonomous Mobile Robots (AMRs) from MiR are designed to optimize productivity in logistics and manufacturing operations.

* Able to move 250 kg (MiR250), 600 kg (MiR600), or 1350 kg (MiR1350). Furthermore you can move 1200 kg pallet with the MiR1200 Pallet Jack
* Reliable software solutions are paramount for the optimal performance of your AMRs. MiR’s comprehensive offerings, including MiR Fleet, MiR robot software, and MiR Insights, provide leading-edge solutions that enhance the capabilities and intelligence of your robotic systems when you deploy and as you scale
* MiR's robots are: Safe, Flexible, Scalable, Efficient, Easy to Integrate
* Used by Toyota, Schneider Electric, and many more!

### OTTO Motors (a division of Clearpath)

Meant for material transport in industrial centers

* Able to carry 100 kg (OTTO 100) or 1500 kg (OTTO 1500)
* Powered by lithium battery technology
* 6–8 hours operating time (depending on payload)
* Requires no structural changes to building
* Navigates via 2D sensors. Proprietary autonomy software enables dynamic path-planning and obstacle avoidance at speeds matching forklifts (2 m/s).
* Used by GE and John Deere.

### Kuka

* Very widely used—Example: Tesla Motors
* "Mecanum" wheel system: customizeable, modular, heavy-lifting capable
* Very easy to integrate with autonomous robotics and humans


title: Tracy Vo

abstract: Tracy Vo is an Australian journalist, radio and television news presenter and reporter and author. Vo is currently the weekend news presenter for Nine News in Perth.

text:
# Tracy Vo

**Tracy Vo** (born 1983) is an Australian journalist, radio and television news presenter and reporter and author. Vo is currently the weekend news presenter for *Nine News* in Perth.

## Early life

Vo grew up in Perth and completed her schooling at Our Lady of Lourdes Catholic Primary School at Nollamara and Hollywood Senior High School. She obtained a Bachelor of Arts from Curtin University.

## Career

Vo's early career included stints at Sydney radio station 2SM, and Sky News Australia.

Vo subsequently started in television and joined the Nine Network firstly in Sydney at TCN in 2007 where she remained until 2012, after which she returned to Perth for personal reasons, and commenced working as a journalist at the Nine Network Perth.

In 2014, Vo published a book entitled *Small Bamboo*, which detailed her parents' arrival in Australia in the late 1970s as Vietnamese boat people following the Vietnam War.

In 2016, Vo was appointed news presenter on local *Today Perth* presenting live half-hourly local news bulletins throughout the time-delayed broadcast of national breakfast show, *Today*. She remained in the position until 2018 when she was appointed presenter of the Nine Network's local afternoon program, *Nine Live Perth*.

In December 2019, it was announced Vo had been appointed the news presenter on the network's national breakfast show, Today. She commenced this role on 6 January 2020. As a Vietnamese-Australian, Vo's appointment meant she became one of only a few Asian faces on commercial television in Australia. Nine's decision to appoint Vo to such a prominent role at the network was met with praise, and was described by one media outlet as "symbolic of progress towards greater media representation of Australia's multicultural population".

In March 2020, Vo permanently returned to Perth due to the COVID-19 pandemic. On her return to Perth, Vo replaced Louise Momber as weekend presenter of *Nine News Perth.* Alex Cullen replaced Vo on *Today* presenting both news and sport.

## InfoBox

| Tracy Vo | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1983
Perth, Western Australia |
| Education | Hollywood Senior High School
Curtin University |
| Occupations | * Journalist * former radio presenter * TV news presenter * TV reporter * author |
| Employer | Nine Network |
| Spouse | Liam Connolly (2023-present) |


title: William G. Boykin

abstract: William Gerald "Jerry" Boykin is a retired American lieutenant general who was the United States Deputy Undersecretary of Defense for Intelligence under President George W. Bush from 2002 to 2007. During his 36-year career in the military he spent 13 years in the Delta Force and was involved in numerous high-profile missions, including the 1980 Iran hostage rescue attempt, the 1992 hunt for Pablo Escobar in Colombia, and the Black Hawk Down incident in Mogadishu, Somalia. He is an author and visiting professor at Hampden–Sydney College, Virginia. He is currently Executive Vice-President at the Family Research Council.

text:
# William G. Boykin

**William Gerald** "**Jerry**" **Boykin** (born April 19, 1948) is a retired American lieutenant general who was the United States Deputy Undersecretary of Defense for Intelligence under President George W. Bush from 2002 to 2007. During his 36-year career in the military he spent 13 years in the Delta Force and was involved in numerous high-profile missions, including the 1980 Iran hostage rescue attempt, the 1992 hunt for Pablo Escobar in Colombia, and the Black Hawk Down incident in Mogadishu, Somalia. He is an author and visiting professor at Hampden–Sydney College, Virginia. He is currently Executive Vice-President at the Family Research Council.

## Early life

William Gerald "Jerry" Boykin was born on April 19, 1948, in Wilson, North Carolina. He attended New Bern high school and was the captain of the football team. He graduated from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech) with a bachelor's degree in English in 1971.

## Military career

As a young officer, he served in the 2nd Armored Division at Fort Hood, Texas; with the 101st Airborne Division in Vietnam, and as a company commander in the 24th Infantry Division (Mechanized) at Fort Stewart, Georgia. In 1978, at age 29, Boykin volunteered for and completed a specialized selection course for assignment to the 1st Special Forces Operational Detachment – Delta, or Delta Force. He would hold numerous leadership positions in the elite unit, including operations officer, troop commander, squadron commander, deputy commander and finally unit commander from July 1992 to July 1994.

Lieutenant Colonel Lewis H. "Bucky" Burruss, who helped with Delta Force selection in early 1978, recalled that Boykin "had a bad knee and I thought he would never make it....I thought, I hate to see this guy busting his \[butt\], I don't see how he can make it on this bad road wheel, but he surprised us." Burruss wrote at the time that "Jerry Boykin is a Christian gentleman of the highest order." Boykin believed God had a hand in things: "God led me into the Delta Force....And He said to me, 'This is where you ought to be.'"

In 1980, he was the Delta Force operations officer on the April 24–25 Iranian hostage rescue attempt. Boykin called it "the greatest disappointment of my professional career because we didn't bring home 53 Americans." Despite this, his "faith was strengthened" believing he had witnessed "a miracle": "Not one man who stood with us in the desert and pleaded for God to go with us was killed or even injured that night."

In October 1983, Boykin took part in Operation Urgent Fury, the invasion of the Caribbean island of Grenada. He was wounded by anti-aircraft fire during the Delta helicopter assault on Richmond Hill Prison. In 1989, Boykin participated in the U.S. invasion of Panama as part of the mission to apprehend Manuel Noriega and participated in Operation Acid Gambit. From 1990 to 1991, Boykin attended the Army War College. In 1992 and early 1993, as a colonel, Boykin was in Colombia leading a mission to hunt for drug lord Pablo Escobar. Seymour Hersh later claimed in *The New Yorker* that there were suspicions within the Pentagon that Boykin's team was going to help assassinate Escobar with the support of U.S. Embassy officials in Colombia. Hersh refers to Mark Bowden's book *Killing Pablo,* which alleged that the Pentagon believed Boykin intended to break the law and exceed his authority in the operation. Bowden wrote that "within the special ops community...Pablo's death was regarded as a successful mission for Delta, and legend has it that its operators were in on the kill." Hersh quotes an anonymous retired army general as saying, "That's what those guys did. I've seen pictures of Escobar's body that you don't get from a long-range telescope lens. They were taken by guys on the assault team."

In April 1993, Boykin helped advise Attorney General Janet Reno regarding the stand-off at Waco, Texas, between the federal government and the Branch Davidians.

In October 1993, Boykin fought in the Battle of Mogadishu (1993), also referred to as "Black Hawk Down".

Some time afterwards, Boykin served at the Central Intelligence Agency as deputy director of Special Activities, and was promoted to brigadier general. He was made deputy director for Operations, Readiness, and Mobilization when assigned to the Army Staff.

From 1998 to 2000, he served as the commanding general, 1st Special Forces Command (Airborne) at Fort Bragg, North Carolina. From 2000 to 2003, he was the commanding general, United States Army John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center, Fort Bragg, N.C. In June 2003, he was appointed Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence under Dr. Stephen Cambone, Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence.

## Post-retirement

Boykin retired on August 1, 2007, and began teaching at Hampden–Sydney College. In May 2016, he wrote on Facebook, "I have been terminated from teaching at Hampden-Sydney College after nine years there," though he and the college later reached agreement on another one-year contract. The college denied it had conducted a campaign to fire Boykin following his recent comments about transgender people using bathrooms, including, "The first man who goes in the restroom with my daughter will not have to worry about surgery."

On July 16, 2012, Family Research Council president Tony Perkins announced that Boykin had been named the group's Executive Vice-President.

## Awards and decorations

Boykin attended Armed Forces Staff College, Army War College, and Shippensburg University (where he received a master's degree).

## Personal views

### 2003 speech controversy

Boykin, a born-again Christian with conservative political views, has gained attention for his use of religious imagery to comment on political and social issues over the years; some of his public remarks, which cast the War on Terror in religious terms, generated considerable controversy.

In an October 2003 speech to a community church in Oregon, Boykin was recorded stating that Islamic extremists hate the United States "because we're a Christian nation, because our foundation and our roots are Judeo-Christians. ... And the enemy is a guy named Satan." William Arkin, military analyst for NBC News, was the source of the video and audiotapes of Boykin. The following day the *Los Angeles Times* ran a piece on Boykin. Among several quotes, the article revealed Boykin giving a speech about hunting down Osman Atto in Mogadishu: "He went on CNN and he laughed at us, and he said, 'They'll never get me because Allah will protect me. Allah will protect me.' Well, you know what? I knew that my God was bigger than his. I knew that my God was a real God and his was an idol." Boykin later said that he was implying that Atto's true "god" was money.

Boykin's remarks were denounced—Arab and Muslim organizations within the US were highly critical of the comments. James Zogby, president of the Arab American Institute, the Council on American-Islamic Relations, and a number of commentators called for his resignation. Several publications, such as *Newsweek*, similarly carried articles calling for his resignation. Senators John Kerry (D-MA) and Joe Lieberman (D-CT) were quick to denounce the remarks. Senate Armed Services Committee Chairman John Warner (R-VA) and Democrat Carl Levin both urged Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld to launch an investigation. Rep. John Conyers (D-MI) and 26 supporters put forward H. RES. 419 "Condemning religiously intolerant remarks and calling on the President to clearly censure and reassign Lieutenant General Boykin".

President George W. Bush distanced himself from the statements, saying that Boykin didn't "reflect my point of view or the point of view of this administration." Donald Rumsfeld defended Boykin, describing him as "an officer that has an outstanding record in the United States armed forces", and that the War on Terrorism was "not a war against a religion".

Marine General Peter Pace, Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff said that Boykin was later "sad...that his comments created the fury they had," and expressed his belief that Boykin "does not see this battle as a battle between religions; he sees this as a battle between good and evil, the evil being the acts of individuals."

Boykin issued a public statement: "My comments to Osman Otto in Mogadishu were not referencing his worship of Allah but his worship of money and power; idolatry. He was a corrupt man, not a follower of Islam. My references to Judeo-Christian roots in America or our nation as a Christian nation are historically undeniable." CNN later revealed that several parts of his statement were removed on the advice of Pentagon attorneys. Among the parts removed was Boykin's assertion that "the sensitivities of my job today dictate that further church speeches are inappropriate", and "As a Christian, I believe that there is a spiritual war that is continuous as articulated in the Bible. It is not confined to the war of terrorism."

Boykin then requested an investigation by an inspector general into the allegations. A ten-month investigation carried out by the Department of Defense concluded in August 2004 that Boykin had broken three rules in giving the speeches: that he did not clarify that he gave the remarks in a private capacity, that he hadn't received clearance for making the remarks, and that he hadn't declared the reimbursement of travel funds given to him by one of the religious groups hosting the speaking events. However, the report made no comment on the actual remarks made, and little action was taken against Boykin. An anonymous senior Pentagon official said that the infractions were relatively minor and rarely led to prosecution. The report defended the decision not to comment on Boykin's actual comments for several reasons, primarily because "freedom of expression considerations under the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution apply in this case."

On September 26, 2009, Boykin gave an address at a *How to Take Back America Conference* in St. Louis, Missouri, hosted by the Eagle Forum. According to the *Canada Free Press*, Boykin asked the audience: "What are you prepared to give up for America? Are you willing to pay the ultimate price?" and said, "there is no greater threat to America than Islam". Boykin has been described as part of the counter-jihad movement.

In 2010, Boykin was one of two "team leaders" of Team B II which released a report entitled *Shariah: The Threat To America: An Exercise In Competitive Analysis*, published by the Center for Security Policy, which William Arkin and Dana Priest have described as "a Washington-based neoconservative think tank." The other team leader was Harry Soyster, a retired lieutenant general and former Director of the Defense Intelligence Agency; that team included R. James Woolsey, Jr., former CIA Director; and CSP President Frank Gaffney, Jr., former Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Policy (Acting). The book "describes what its authors call a 'stealth jihad' that must be thwarted before it's too late," and argues that "most mosques in the United States already have been radicalized, that most Muslim social organizations are fronts for violent jihadists and that Muslims who practice sharia law seek to impose it in this country." According to an opinion piece in the *Washington Post*, "Government terrorism experts call the views expressed in the center's book inaccurate and counterproductive."

Boykin is listed as a board member of The Oak Initiative, a conservative Christian group that describes itself as "a grassroots movement to Unite, Mobilize, Equip, and Activate Christians to be the salt and light they are called to be by engaging in the great issues of our time from a sound biblical worldview." Other board members include Rick Joyner, founder of Morningstar Ministries and Heritage International Ministries; and Rev. Louis P. Sheldon, chairman of the Traditional Values Coalition.

Boykin is listed as the Grand Chancellor of the Knights Hospitallers of the Sovereign Order of St. John of Jerusalem, Knights of Malta, a self-styled order of chivalry claiming relation to the historical Knights Hospitaller.

In January 2013, the retired general received a letter of reprimand from then-Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Army Lloyd Austin for disclosing classified information in his book *Never Surrender: A Soldier's Journey to the Crossroads of Faith and Freedom*.

In February 2014, Boykin said in a speech that he believed that Jesus will return to Earth carrying an AR-15 assault rifle. Alluding to a biblical passage in which Jesus says, "I came not to bring peace but to bring a sword", Boykin said, "I believe now that the sword he'll be carrying when he comes back is an AR-15."

In another 2014 speech, Boykin said Jews are the "cause of all the problems in the world", which the Southern Poverty Law Center characterized as "an awkward attempt at humor". During that speech, he also asserted President Barack Obama had sent "subliminal messages" to Muslims during his 2009 A New Beginning speech in Cairo.

During the 2016 presidential election campaign, Boykin first advised Sen. Ted Cruz. Then, on September 6, 2016, he endorsed Republican presidential nominee Donald Trump.

Boykin has endorsed the conspiracy theory that the 2020 presidential election was rigged to favor Joe Biden and claims that the United States "has taken a hard left turn toward Socialism and a Marxist form of tyrannical government."

On April 11, 2021, Boykin was one of 124 retired U.S. military flag officers who signed the "Open Letter from Retired Generals and Admirals" that raised concerns of the survival of the United States as a constitutional republic. The letter claims that the country "has taken a hard left turn toward Socialism and a Marxist form of tyrannical government."

### War on Terror tactics

*The New York Times* reported on March 18, 2006, that, when asked by Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence Stephen Cambone to "get to the bottom" of abuses committed by an elite counterinsurgency task force, Boykin found no pattern to them, despite ample evidence to the contrary.

A December 9, 2003, item in *The Guardian* connected Boykin with secret Israeli counterinsurgency assistance in Iraq, allegedly including assassination squads. In another *Guardian* article, Sidney Blumenthal, President Bill Clinton's former senior adviser and current Washington bureau chief for Salon.com, claimed that towards the end of 2003, it was Boykin who, under Donald Rumsfeld's orders, advised then Camp X-Ray head Major General Geoffrey Miller in Guantanamo to transfer the same Camp X-Ray methods to Abu Ghraib and the Iraqi prison system.

In 2003, Seymour Hersh claimed in the *New Yorker* that Boykin was a key planner, along with Stephen Cambone, behind Rumsfeld's Special Forces approach to fighting the War on Terror. Furthermore, when Boykin was questioned in a congressional inquiry regarding similarities between current War on Terror special operations and U.S.'s Phoenix Program during the Vietnam War, he said, "I think we're running that kind of program. We're going after these people. Killing or capturing these people is a legitimate mission for the department. I think we're doing what the Phoenix Program was designed to do, without all of the secrecy."

In 2005, Hersh claimed that the U.S. had begun to undertake secret, off-the-books, covert missions in Iran to identify key targets for possible strikes in destabilizing its nuclear facilities, and against the larger War on Terror, with the chain of command for the commando operations falling to Rumsfeld, Cambone, and Boykin.

## Bibliography

* Special Operations and Low-Intensity Conflict Legislation: Why Was It Passed and Have the Voids Been Filled ? (Report). US Army War College, Carlisle Barracks. 1991. OCLC 36734112.
* *Never Surrender: A Soldier's Journey to the Crossroads of Faith and Freedom*. Co-authored with Vincent, Lynn. FaithWords. 2008. ISBN 978-0446582155.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: others (link)
* *Shariah: The Threat To America: An Exercise In Competitive Analysis*. Co-authored as Team B II. Center for Security Policy Press. 2010. ISBN 978-0982294765.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: others (link)
* *Kiloton Threat: A Novel*. Co-authored with Morrisey, Tom. B&H. 2011. ISBN 978-0805449549.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: others (link)
* *The Coalition: A Novel*. Co-authored with Saleem, Kamal. Post Hill. 2014. ISBN 978-1618689498.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: others (link)
* *The Secure Freedom Strategy: A Plan for Victory Over the Global Jihad Movement*. Co-authored as The Tiger Team. Center for Security Policy Press. 2015. ISBN 978-1507756133.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: others (link)
* *The Warrior Soul: Five Powerful Principles to Make You a Stronger Man of God*. Co-authored with Weber, Stu. Charisma House. 2015. ISBN 978-1629980164.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: others (link)
* *Danger Close: A Novel*. Co-authored with Morrisey, Tom. Fidelis. 2019. ISBN 978-0805449556.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: others (link)
* *Man to Man: Rediscovering Masculinity in a Challenging World*. Co-authored with Gilbert, Lela. Post Hill. 2020. ISBN 978-1642933680.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: others (link)
* *The Principles of War*. Co-authored with Joyner, Rick. MorningStar. 2022. ISBN 978-1607086680.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: others (link)
* *Strong and Courageous: A Call to Biblical Manhood*. Co-authored with Cureton, Kenyn. Fidelis. 2022. ISBN 978-1736620687.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: others (link)

## InfoBox

| William Gerald Boykin | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Nickname(s) | Jerry |
| Born | (1948-04-19) April 19, 1948
Wilson, North Carolina |
| Allegiance | United States of America |
| Service/branch | United States Army |
| Years of service | 1971–2007 |
| Rank | Lieutenant General |
| Commands | Delta Force
1st Special Forces Command (Airborne)
John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center |
| Battles/wars | Vietnam War
Operation Eagle Claw
Operation Urgent Fury
Operation Just Cause
Operation Gothic Serpent |
| Awards | Combat Infantryman Badge
Defense Distinguished Service Medal
Army Distinguished Service Medal
Defense Superior Service Medal
Legion of Merit
Master Parachutist Badge
Military Freefall Badge
Ranger Tab
Special Forces Tab
Bronze Star
Purple Heart |
| Other work | Professor: Hampden–Sydney College
Executive Vice-President: Family Research Council |


title: The Year of the Voyager

abstract: The Year of the Voyager is a double DVD/CD by American heavy metal band Nevermore. It was released in Europe on October 20, 2008, and in North America on November 25, 2008, via Century Media. The set covers the This Godless Endeavor touring cycle, starting with live footage from the U.S. Gigantour 2005, the Metal Mania festival 2006 in Poland, the Wacken Open Air festival in 2006 in Germany and the main DVD show recorded at the Zeche in Bochum, Germany. Bonus material includes two songs from Century Media USA 10th Anniversary Party 2001, all promo videos and an interview with singer Warrel Dane which was recorded at the Roax Film Studios in Berlin in the spring of 2008. The Year of the Voyager was released as a limited-edition 2DVD+2CD, standard 2DVD, standard 2CD and limited 3LP.

text:
# The Year of the Voyager

***The Year of the Voyager*** is a double DVD/CD by American heavy metal band Nevermore. It was released in Europe on October 20, 2008, and in North America on November 25, 2008, via Century Media. The set covers the *This Godless Endeavor* touring cycle, starting with live footage from the U.S. Gigantour 2005, the Metal Mania festival 2006 in Poland, the Wacken Open Air festival in 2006 in Germany and the main DVD show recorded at the Zeche in Bochum, Germany. Bonus material includes two songs from Century Media USA 10th Anniversary Party 2001, all promo videos and an interview with singer Warrel Dane which was recorded at the Roax Film Studios in Berlin in the spring of 2008.

*The Year of the Voyager* was released as a limited-edition 2DVD+2CD, standard 2DVD, standard 2CD and limited 3LP (the latter two containing the audio from the main show in Bochum only).

## DVD

### Disc 1

#### Zeche in Bochum, Germany (October 11, 2006)

1. "Intro"
2. "Final Product"
3. "My Acid Words"
4. "What Tomorrow Knows/Garden of Grey"
5. "Next in Line"
6. "Enemies of Reality"
7. "I, Voyager"
8. "The Politics of Ecstasy"
9. "The River Dragon Has Come"
10. "I Am the Dog"
11. "Dreaming Neon Black"
12. "Matricide"
13. "Dead Heart in a Dead World"
14. "Noumenon (From Tape)"
15. "Inside Four Walls"
16. "The Learning"
17. "Sentient 6"
18. "Narcosynthesis"
19. "The Heart Collector"
20. "Born"
21. "This Godless Endeavor"

### Disc 2

#### Gigantour, Bell Centre, Montreal, Canada (September 2, 2005)

1. "Born"
2. "Enemies of Reality"

#### Metal Mania Festival, Poland (March 4, 2006)

1. "Final Product"
2. "The Heart Collector"
3. "Enemies of Reality"
4. "The Seven Tongues of God"

#### Wacken Open Air, Germany (August 4, 2006)

1. "Final Product"
2. "Narcosynthesis"
3. "Engines of Hate"
4. "Born"

#### Century Media USA 10th Anniversary Party, The Roxy, Los Angeles (September 28, 2001)

1. "Engines of Hate"
2. "Beyond Within"

#### Promotional videos

1. "What Tomorrow Knows"
2. "Next in Line"
3. "Believe in Nothing"
4. "I, Voyager"
5. "Enemies of Reality"
6. "Final Product"
7. "Born"
8. "Narcosynthesis"

#### Trailers

1. Nevermore – "The Year of the Voyager"
2. Paradise Lost – "Over the Madness"
3. Strapping Young Lad – "1994–2006 Chaos Years"

## CD

Disc 1 1. "Final Product"
2. "My Acid Words"
3. "What Tomorrow Knows/Garden of Grey"
4. "Next in Line"
5. "Enemies of Reality"
6. "I, Voyager"
7. "The Politics of Ecstasy"
8. "The River Dragon Has Come"
9. "I Am the Dog"
10. "Dreaming Neon Black"

Disc 2 1. "Matricide"
2. "Dead Heart in a Dead World"
3. "Inside Four Walls"
4. "The Learning"
5. "Sentient 6"
6. "Narcosynthesis"
7. "The Heart Collector"
8. "Born"
9. "This Godless Endeavor"

## Band lineup

### Bochum & Wacken

### Gigantour & Metal Mania

### Live at The Roxy

## InfoBox

| The Year of the Voyager | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Video by Nevermore | |
| Released | October 20, 2008 (2008-10-20) |
| Recorded | October 11, 2006, in Bochum, Germany at the Zeche
September 2, 2005, in Montreal, Quebec, Canada at Bell Centre
March 4, 2006, in Katowice, Poland at Spodek
August 4, 2006, in Germany at Wacken Open Air
September 28, 2001, in Los Angeles at the Roxy |
| Genre | Progressive metal, heavy metal, thrash metal |
| Length | 2:06:01 (DVD 1) |
| Label | Century Media |
| Nevermore chronology | |
| *This Godless Endeavor*
(2005) ***The Year of the Voyager***
(2008) *Manifesto of Nevermore*
(2009) | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Alternative cover | |
|  | |
| CD cover | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Paul Dixon (ice hockey)

abstract: Paul Dixon is a former ice hockey defenceman and player-coach from Sunderland, England. He is currently the head coach for the Guildford Flames of the Elite Ice Hockey League, the top-tier of hockey in the United Kingdom.

text:
# Paul Dixon (ice hockey)

**Paul Dixon** (born 4 August 1973) is a former ice hockey defenceman and player-coach from Sunderland, England. He is currently the head coach for the Guildford Flames of the Elite Ice Hockey League, the top-tier of hockey in the United Kingdom.

## Playing career

After working his way through the Durham Wasps youth system, Dixon made his first appearance for the senior side in the 1989/90 season. After the 1990/91 season, Dixon moved to the Hull-based Humberside Seahawks where he helped them gain promotion to the Heineken League Premier Division Dixon then played a season with the Sheffield Steelers where he and the team achieved the same feat. He moved back home to play for the Durham Wasps for 3 years until they were sold and moved to Newcastle Upon Tyne in 1996, where he spent another 3 years playing for the Newcastle-based team, now known as Newcastle Vipers.

In the summer of 1999 Dixon made the move south to Surrey-based outfit the Guildford Flames where he remains as player/head coach. From the start of his Flames career Dixon was given the alternate captain position. After being awarded the Alan Weeks Trophy in 2001, he was made captain of the side, a position he held until taking over as head coach in 2007, thus making him the longest serving Flames captain. During his time with the Flames, Dixon was selected to the British National League first all-star team on three occasions (2001, 2004 & 2005) and the second team once (2003), as well as the English Premier Ice Hockey League first all-star team in 2006 & 2007. and second all-star team in 2008 and 2009. Since 1999, he has helped the Surrey team to an ntl: Christmas Cup championship as well as a BNL league title, two BNL play-off championships, 2 EPIHL League titles and 2 EPIHL Cup titles. He currently sits in 6th for All-time Flames points, and is the highest scoring defenceman.

### Playing record

Year by Year Record

Includes Play-Offs & Cups

*Note: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; PIM = Penalty Minutes. All Stats from either Eurohockey.net' or Guildford Flames' websites*

| Club | Year | League | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Durham Wasps | 89–90 | BHL | 39 | 2 | 11 | 13 | 12 |
| Durham Wasps | 90–91 | BHL | 53 | 4 | 9 | 13 | 28 |
| Humberside Seahawks | 91–92 | BHL | 52 | 13 | 17 | 30 | 32 |
| Sheffield Steelers | 92–93 | BNL | 40 | 11 | 22 | 33 | 28 |
| Durham Wasps | 93–94 | BNL | 58 | 14 | 29 | 43 | 40 |
| Durham Wasps | 94–95 | BNL | 51 | 9 | 26 | 35 | 28 |
| Durham Wasps | 95–96 | BNL | 47 | 8 | 25 | 33 | 28 |
| Newcastle Cobras | 96–97 | ISL | 50 | 0 | 8 | 8 | 8 |
| Newcastle Cobras | 97–98 | ISL | 54 | 5 | 10 | 15 | 20 |
| Newcastle Riverkings | 98–99 | ISL | 52 | 4 | 2 | 6 | 6 |
| Guildford Flames | 99-00 | BNL | 50 | 7 | 32 | 39 | 30 |
| Guildford Flames | 00-01 | BNL | 62 | 5 | 27 | 32 | 40 |
| Guildford Flames | 01-02 | BNL | 37 | 2 | 12 | 14 | 22 |
| Guildford Flames | 02-03 | BNL | 59 | 8 | 23 | 31 | 36 |
| Guildford Flames | 03-04 | BNL | 64 | 10 | 40 | 50 | 16 |
| Guildford Flames | 04-05 | BNL | 68 | 6 | 37 | 43 | 22 |
| Guildford Flames | 05-06 | EPL | 50 | 11 | 27 | 38 | 24 |
| Guildford Flames | 06-07 | EPL | 59 | 12 | 46 | 58 | 66 |
| Guildford Flames | 07-08 | EPL | 54 | 9 | 38 | 47 | 48 |
| Guildford Flames | 08-09 | EPL | 57 | 7 | 30 | 37 | 32 |
| Guildford Flames | 09-10 | EPL | 59 | 6 | 32 | 38 | 44 |
| Career Totals | | | GP | G | A | Pts. | PiMs |
|  | | | 1115 | 153 | 503 | 656 | 608 |
| BHL | | | 144 | 19 | 37 | 56 | 72 |
| BNL | | | 536 | 80 | 273 | 353 | 290 |
| ISL | | | 156 | 9 | 20 | 29 | 32 |
| EPL | | | 289 | 45 | 173 | 218 | 214 |

## Coaching career

For the 2005/2006 season, head coach Stan Marple announced that Dixon would be undertaking assistant coach duties while still playing for the Guildford Flames. During the 2006/2007 season, Marple announced it would be his last and that Dixon would take over as player/head coach after the season. His first new signing was star forward Lukas Smital from local rivals the Bracknell Bees. In his first season as Flames coach Dixon led his team to another EPIHL Championship with a 30–5–5 league regular season record, earning him EPIHL coach of the year. 2008/09 was less successful with a 3rd-place finish in the league and no silverware with a regular season record of 34–17–3.

### Coaching career statistics

Including League, Cups and Playoffs

|  | | | | | | | |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Year | Team | League | Games | W | L | OT/T | % | | Finish | Playoffs | Cup |
| 2007–08 | Guildford Flames | EPIHL | 61 | 43 | 13 | 5 | 0.745 | | **1st** | Lost semi-final | Group Stage |
| 2008–09 | Guildford Flames | EPIHL | 61 | 38 | 18 | 5 | 0.664 | | 3rd | Lost semi-final | Runners Up |
| 2009–10 | Guildford Flames | EPIHL | 62 | 40 | 19 | 3 | 0.669 | | 4th | Runners Up | **Winners** |

## International play

Dixon was first selected to play for Team GB in the 1995 IIHF World Championship Division I (Formerly Pool B). Between 1995 and 2004, Dixon made 54 Appearances scoring 4 goals and adding 15 assists. It was widely thought that Dixon had retired from International Ice Hockey, which was disproved in January 2008 with Dixon's inclusion into the GB squad for the Euro tournament in France, although he had to pull out through injury.

### International playing record

Year-by-year record

*Note: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; PIM = Penalty minutes. All stats from either Eurohockey.net*

| Competition | Year | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| World Championships Group B | 95 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| World Championships Group B | 96 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 14 |
| World Championships Group B | 97 | 7 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| World Championships Group B | 98 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| World Championships Qualification | 99 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| World Championships Group B | 99 | 7 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| World Championships Group B | 00 | 7 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| World Championships Division 1 | 01 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 0 |
| World Championships Division 1 | 02 | 5 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 2 |
| World Championships Division 1 | 04 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
| Totals |  | GP | G | A | Pts | PIM |
| GB Totals |  | 54 | 4 | 15 | 19 | 24 |

## Honours and awards

* Best defenceman at the European Junior Championships Pool C 1990–91
* Player's Player 1999–00
* Best British Defenceman 2000–01
* Named to the BNL All Star First Team 2000–01, 2003–04 and 2004–05
* Named to the BNL All Star Second Team 2002–03
* Named to the EPIHL All Star Team First 2005–06 and 2006–07
* Named to the EPIHL All Star Team Second 2007–08
* Named EPIHL Coach of the Year 2007–08

## InfoBox

| Paul Dixon | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Born | (1973-08-04) 4 August 1973
Sunderland, UK | | |
| Height | 5 ft 10 in (178 cm) | | |
| Weight | 185 lb (84 kg; 13 st 3 lb) | | |
| Position | Head Coach (former Defence) | | |
| Shot | Right | | |
| EIHL team
Former teams | *Guildford Flames*
Durham Wasps
Humberside Seahawks
Sheffield Steelers
Newcastle Vipers | | |
| Playing career | 19892010 | | |


title: Paul Dlamini

abstract: Paul Dlamini is a Swazi politician who was deputy prime minister of Eswatini from to 2013 to 2018. He was the first of the Dlamini clan to be appointed to such a high position in the national government. In October 2015 he led an eight-member delegation to Taiwan to support celebration of the 104th National Day of the Republic of China.

text:
# Paul Dlamini

**Paul Dlamini** is a Swazi politician who was deputy prime minister of Eswatini from to 2013 to 2018. He was the first of the Dlamini clan to be appointed to such a high position in the national government. In October 2015 he led an eight-member delegation to Taiwan to support celebration of the 104th National Day of the Republic of China.

## InfoBox

| Paul Dlamini | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Deputy Prime Minister of Eswatini | |
| **In office**<br>2013  6 November 2018 | |
| Monarch | Mswati III |
| Preceded by | Themba N. Masuku |
| Succeeded by | Themba N. Masuku |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Political party | Independent |
|  | |


title: Paul Hunt (activist)

abstract: Paul Hunt was an early disability rights activist and leader of disabled people's campaigns in the UK against residential institutions and for independent living. He was born on 9 March 1937 in Angmering, Sussex, with an impairment and he died aged 42 years in London, on 12 July 1979. His work and political influence is now cited in academic and political writings. Hunt disliked having his photograph taken and shunned publicity. It was only after his death that the impact of his writings, campaigning, leadership, and achievements began to be documented.

text:
# Paul Hunt (activist)

**Paul Hunt** (1937 – 1979) was an early disability rights activist and leader of disabled people's campaigns in the UK against residential institutions and for independent living. He was born on 9 March 1937 in Angmering, Sussex, with an impairment and he died aged 42 years in London, on 12 July 1979. His work and political influence is now cited in academic and political writings.

Hunt disliked having his photograph taken and shunned publicity. It was only after his death that the impact of his writings, campaigning, leadership, and achievements began to be documented.

## Early life

Paul Hunt had six sisters. His mother taught him to read, and he attended the local church primary school for girls, followed by a mixed junior school. When he was eleven years old he was moved to start living in institutions. The first of these was St Mary's residential School for Handicapped Children in Bexhill-on-Sea. In 1951, aged 14 years, he broke a leg outside the family church while at home from school on the summer holiday. His father improvised his first wheelchair and he continued living at home for a few months, but soon he was moved to stay full-time at the Queen Mary's Hospital in Carshalton where he took his 'O level' exams two years later. Aged 16 years and no longer classed as a child he was moved again, to an adult hospital in London.

## "Founded on Failure", BBC

By the age of 18 years old Paul Hunt had been living in a "chronic" ward in St John's Hospital in Battersea, London, for two years, being left in bed most days - "amongst dying people, with no apparent future", and "He was surrounded by young lads dying ... and old men", wrote Judy Hunt (in archive papers, 2002, 2016).

It was here that he saw the Le Court residential home for disabled people being featured in a BBC TV documentary programme ("*Founded on Failure*", BBC, Tues 27 September 1955, 19:30hrs). There was also an accompanying article in the Radio Times, which included the statement that Le Court was a place where "discarded wrecks regained their self-respect". Despite such attitudes, Paul Hunt saw his chance to escape and he pressed hard for the authorities to transfer him there.

## Le Court

Le Court, now demolished, was near the towns of Liss and Petersfield in Hampshire, UK, and it was a residential institution run for disabled people. It was founded by Group Captain Leonard Cheshire after the Second World War, later becoming the Cheshire Foundation charity.

Paul Hunt became a resident (initially known as "patients" when he first arrived) at Le Court. He arrived there when he was 19 years old in July 1956 and by November that year he had been elected the treasurer of the Patients Welfare Committee. For eight years he was the chair or vice-chair of the Le Court Residents Committee. He left Le Court in 1970, after living there for 14 years and, with other residents, having changed its ethos substantially. He was 33 years old.

## Early campaigning

Within two years of arriving at Le Court, aged 21 years, Paul Hunt was actively involved in campaigning for the rights of disabled people. Papers in his archived Collection show he is negotiating for "patients" rights with the Chair of the Management Committee of Le Court in July and August 1958. In the 1960s he is involved with the Disablement Income Group (DIG) including a rare press photograph of him leading a DIG march and rally at Trafalgar Square, and he is in correspondence with the National Campaign for the Young Chronic Sick and with the General Secretary of the National Council for Civil Liberties (as was). Judy Hunt noted later (archive papers) that in the early 1960s Paul had a particular interest in the Civil Rights Movement run by Black people in the US, and that he found this analysis of discrimination and oppression to be a useful social tool.

## Books

Paul Hunt edited a book - *Stigma* \- with chapters written by twelve disabled people which was published in 1966 by Geoffrey Chapman. Paul Hunt wrote the last of the chapters - A Critical Condition. In letters in 1964 asking certain disabled people to contribute a chapter each, Paul Hunt wrote:

* "'The book is intended as a forum where disabled people can reflect in depth on their situation. We are asking not for details of living with a particular disability or of practical difficulties connected with it, but rather for a discussion of what the basic fact of being disabled means in terms of personal and social problems, of relations with ‘normal’ society, and so on.'1" (from Paul Hunt's unpublished draft introduction for *Stigma*, quoted in Judy Hunt (2007) "CLASSIC REVIEW," *Disability & Society*)

One substantial view of his contribution is by Frances Hasler: "As long ago as 1966, Paul Hunt was pointing out the gap between social responses to disability and disabled people's own sense of self. I think the distinguishing mark of disabled people's special position is that they tend to 'challenge' in their relations with ordinary society".

Paul Hunt wrote Chapter 5, *Disablement*, in the book, The New Poor: Anatomy of Underprivilege, edited by Ian Henderson and published in 1973. Talking about the recently passed Chronically Sick and Disabled Persons Act 1970, the private member's bill promoted by Alf Morris MP, Paul Hunt wrote:

* "It is to be hoped that the Act will in particular eventually prod local authorities into making more satisfactory provision for home care ... The Act has never been quite the charter for the future of the disabled that has been claimed. And the danger is that, with so much publicity giving the impression that a great deal more is now being done, it may tend to obscure the central question of income maintenance." (Hunt 1973, p108)

## UPIAS

Paul Hunt was a founder of the Union of the Physically Impaired Against Segregation (UPIAS) in 1972 and led the thinking in developing the social model of disability, as it became known. His letter published in The Guardian newspaper on 20 September 1972 proposing a union of disabled people against segregated living was a political turning point. In 1973 he wrote a nationally published article against the building of more Young Disabled Units (YDUs) in hospital grounds instead of accessible flats and houses with support. UPIAS closed in 1990.

Previously in the Cheshire Smile magazine produced at Le Court in 1968, Paul Hunt had written: "I have long felt the need for a more militant organisation for the disabled, one which is sensitive to the changing needs and wishes of its members" (quoted in archive papers).

In 1970 Paul Hunt had left Le Court and was living in a flat in London, and had married Judy (née McKeeman). They had one son, born in 1975. Paul Hunt was working as a computer programmer, as well as being a disabled activist, until his death in 1979.

During his lifetime Paul Hunt saw the beginnings of independent living campaigns coming to fruition, for example the Grove Road project in 1976 in Nottinghamshire.

## Legacy

Based on the social model of disability, there were Coalitions of Disabled People established including in Derbyshire (DCDP / DCIL / DDCIL, 1981–2018) and Greater Manchester (GMCDP, 1985- ), and the British Council of Organisations of Disabled People (BCODP, 1981–2017) which started the National Centre for Independent Living (NCIL, 1989–2011) as a project, which itself became a spin-out independent organisation in the early 2000s before merging with two other organisations to form Disability Rights UK in January 2012.

In 1981 one of his key articles, "*Settling Accounts with the Parasite People*", a critique of some academic research practices, was published posthumously from his notes. This article drew on Paul Hunt's bitter experience from 1962 at Le Court when residents had asked some academics to come in and support them, only to find the later published research commentary had fully turned against disabled residents.

## Archived papers

The papers of the Judy and Paul Hunt Collection are in the process of being added to the Disabled People's Archive in Manchester, UK, to be based at Archives+. This process has been delayed due to closures following the COVID-19 pandemic.


title: Paul Hunder

abstract: Paul Hunder was a German international footballer.

text:
# Paul Hunder

**Paul Hunder** (12 January 1884 – 9 May 1948) was a German international footballer.

## InfoBox

Paul Hunder
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1884-01-12)12 January 1884 | | |
| Date of death | 9 May 1948(1948-05-09) (aged 64) | | |
| Position(s) | Midfielder | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
|  | BFC Viktoria 1889 |  |  |
| International career | | | |
| 1909–1911 | Germany | 8 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Villa Lynch

abstract: Villa Lynch is a locality in Greater Buenos Aires, Argentina. It belongs to the General San Martín Partido in the Province of Buenos Aires.

text:
# Villa Lynch

**Villa Lynch** is a locality in Greater Buenos Aires, Argentina. It belongs to the General San Martín Partido in the Province of Buenos Aires.

## Parishes of the Catholic Church in Villa Lynch

|
|  |
**Catholic Church**
| Diocese | San Martín |
| --- | --- |
| Parish | Santísimo Calvario y Nuestra Señora del Líbano |
|
|
| Maronite Eparch | San Charbel in Buenos Aires |
| Parish | Santísimo Calvario y Nuestra Señora del Líbano (birritual and bidiocesana parish) |

## InfoBox

| Villa Lynch | |
| --- | --- |
| Locality | |
| Villa LynchLocation in Greater Buenos Aires | |
| Coordinates: 34°35′42″S 58°31′27″W / 34.59500°S 58.52417°W / -34.59500; -58.52417 | |
| Country | Argentina |
| Province | Buenos Aires |
| Partido | General San Martín |
| Founded | 1856 |
| Elevation | 28 m (92 ft) |
| Population (2001 census \[INDEC\]) | |
| Total | 3,987 |
| CPA Base | 1672 |
| Area code | +54 11 |


title: Unkulunkulu

abstract: Unkulunkulu (/uɲɠulun'ɠulu/), often formatted as uNkulunkulu, is a mythical ancestor, mythical predecessor group, or Supreme Creator in the language of the Zulu, Ndebele and Swati people. Originally a "first ancestor" figure, Unkulunkulu morphed into a creator god figure with the spread of Christianity.

text:
# Unkulunkulu

**Unkulunkulu** (/uɲɠulun'ɠulu/), often formatted as **uNkulunkulu**, is a mythical ancestor, mythical predecessor group, or Supreme Creator in the language of the Zulu, Ndebele and Swati people. Originally a "first ancestor" figure, Unkulunkulu morphed into a creator god figure with the spread of Christianity.

## Pre-Christian role

Unkulunkulu was a general term referring to an "old-old one", or an ancestor. In this situation, these Onkulunkulu (the plural form) could be male or female, and most tribes and families had one, regarding them with great respect. Unkulunkulu also existed in a broader role as a sole, ancient figure; this figure being male, he played a role in broader as the ancestor of humanity, but was given little attention. Scholar Ana Maria Monteiro-Ferreira asserts that before the spread of Christianity to the Zulu people, Unkulunkulu was not a Supreme Being like that of the Christian God.

## Post-Christian role

With the spread of Christianity in the mid-1800s, various Zulu populations began referring to Unkulunkulu in a different light. This new form of Unkulunkulu was a creator deity rather than an ancestor archetype. This form closely resembles the Christian God and is referred to in the same context. M. R. Masubelele argues that American and European missionaries in the 1830s originally rejected the use of "Unkulunkulu" to the Christian God because of its association to ancestor worship, but eventually many European missionaries began using the name in order to better evangelize the Zulu people. Other names for this being used in similar cultures include *uMdali* (meaning "Creator") and *uMvelinqandi* (meaning "Before everything"; analogous to *Umvelinqangi* in the isiXhosa language).

While he still often represented the first man, he also began to represent a creator/originator of humanity and all creation. This version of Unkulunkulu originated from reeds; he then created humans and livestock from the same reeds, and created everything else afterwards from no original source. After he created all, Unkulunkulu is said to have forgotten his creations and abandoned them, and there are no myths of him beyond this point of creation. Historian William H. Worger argues that nineteenth-century indigenous Africans believed these creation myths and others pertaining to Unkulunkulu to be metaphorical rather than literal, as demonstrated through their debates with European missionaries about their similarities to the Bible and their "literal" truth.


title: St. Petersburg Women's Open

abstract: The St. Petersburg Women's Open was a golf tournament on the LPGA Tour from 1954 to 1989. It was played at three different courses in the St. Petersburg, Florida area. LPGA Hall of Fame member Kathy Whitworth won the tournament five times. Only three other players have won the same LPGA tournament on five occasions.

text:
# St. Petersburg Women's Open

The **St. Petersburg Women's Open** was a golf tournament on the LPGA Tour from 1954 to 1989. It was played at three different courses in the St. Petersburg, Florida area.

LPGA Hall of Fame member Kathy Whitworth won the tournament five times (1965, 1968–70, and 1974). Only three other players have won the same LPGA tournament on five occasions.

## Tournament locations

| Years | Venue | Location |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1954–1970, 1972 | Sunset Golf and Country Club | St. Petersburg, Florida |
| 1971, 1975, 1977–1989 | Pasadena Golf Club | Gulfport, Florida |
| 1973–1974, 1976 | Seminole Lakes Country Club | Seminole, Florida |

## Winners

USX Golf Classic S&H Golf Classic Orange Blossom Classic Orange Blossom Open St. Petersburg Orange Blossom Open St. Petersburg Orange Classic St. Petersburg Women's Open St. Petersburg Open St. Petersburg Women's Open Invitational St. Petersburg Women's Open St. Petersburg Open

## Notes and references


title: Mercy (The Men album)

abstract: Mercy is the eighth studio album by American punk rock band The Men. It was released on February 14, 2020 under Sacred Bones Records.

text:
# Mercy (The Men album)

Professional ratings
| Aggregate scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AnyDecentMusic? | 6.6/10 |
| Metacritic | 67/100 |
| Review scores | |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *MusicOMH* |  |
| *Pitchfork* | 7.2/10 |
| *Slant Magazine* |  |

***Mercy*** is the eighth studio album by American punk rock band The Men. It was released on February 14, 2020 under Sacred Bones Records.

## Release

The announcement of the album, along with the first single "Children All Over the World", was released on January 9, 2020. The second single from the album, "Breeze" was released on January 30, 2020.

## Critical reception

*Mercy* was met with "generally favorable" reviews from critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, this release received an average score of 67, based on 6 reviews. Aggregator Album of the Year gave the release a 66 out of 100 based on a critical consensus of 6 reviews.

## Track listing

*Mercy* track listing
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Cool Water" | 5:13 |
| 2. | "Wading in Dirty Water" | 10:29 |
| 3. | "Fallin' Thru" | 3:59 |
| 4. | "Children All Over the World" | 5:53 |
| 5. | "Call the Dr." | 3:53 |
| 6. | "Breeze" | 2:54 |
| 7. | "Mercy" | 3:16 |

## InfoBox

| Mercy | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by The Men | |
| Released | February 14, 2020 (2020-02-14) |
| Length | 35:37 |
| Label | Sacred Bones |
| The Men chronology | |
| *Drift*
(2018) ***Mercy***
(2020) *New York City*
(2023) | |


title: Mobile laboratory

abstract:
A mobile laboratory is a laboratory that is either fully housed within or transported by a vehicle such as a converted bus, RV, or tractor-trailer.
Such vehicles can serve a variety of functions, including:
  - Science education
  - Science research
  - Air, water, and soil analysis and monitoring
  - Biosafety

text:
# Mobile laboratory

A **mobile laboratory** is a laboratory that is either fully housed within or transported by a vehicle such as a converted bus, RV, or tractor-trailer. Such vehicles can serve a variety of functions, including:

* Science education
* Science research
* Air, water, and soil analysis and monitoring
* Biosafety

## Mobile Teaching Laboratories

A novel use of the mobile laboratory is in science education. In some cases, the mobile laboratory travels to schools, museums, and other community organizations, providing the schools with educational resources which they otherwise lack. The mobile laboratory coalition is a loose partnership of groups that provide such services. In other cases, students must also travel to the mobile lab, such as when the lab takes the form of a boat or a train. Mobile laboratories have recently been gaining favor from the National Institutes of Health, in the form of the particular mobile laboratories such as the Biobus located in New York and Georgia State University's Bio-Bus Program located in Atlanta, GA and the Boston University MobileLab, as a way to develop knowledge and understanding regarding biotechnology and medicine amongst the United States population.

The practice of mobile teaching labs exists outside the USA as well with examples, in the UK and in African countries. The UK Institute of Physics is touring secondary schools with their Lab in a Lorry. This is a large articulated truck with three small laboratories. In these, pupils can learn about the use of Physics in Medicine, and do hands-on experiments with light and sound using good physics lab equipment. These are guided by local volunteers and an IoP scientist. Volunteers usually have an interest in general science, or come from a science background. The project has the backing of the British Science Association, the STEMNET Ambassadors Scheme, and sponsors such as EDF Energy.


title: Tracy W. King

abstract: Tracy W. King is a United States Marine Corps major general who most recently served as the Commanding General of the United States Marine Forces Europe and Africa from May 6, 2021 to June 30, 2023. Previously, he served as the Director of Expeditionary Warfare advising the Chief of Naval Operations on all things expeditionary, and as the Director for Asia, advising the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff on all matters related to Asia..

text:
# Tracy W. King

**Tracy W. King** is a United States Marine Corps major general who most recently served as the Commanding General of the United States Marine Forces Europe and Africa from May 6, 2021 to June 30, 2023. Previously, he served as the Director of Expeditionary Warfare advising the Chief of Naval Operations on all things expeditionary, and as the Director for Asia, advising the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff on all matters related to Asia..

This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Government.

## InfoBox

| Tracy W. King | |
| --- | --- |
| Official portrait, 2016 | |
| Born | Oklahoma City, Oklahoma |
| Allegiance | United States |
| Service/branch | United States Marine Corps |
| Rank | Major General |
| Commands | United States Marine Forces Europe and Africa
3rd Marine Logistics Group
Combat Logistics Regiment 15 |
| Battles/wars | Iraq War |
| Awards | Defense Superior Service Medal
Legion of Merit |


title: William Alanson Howard

abstract: William Alanson Howard served as a member of the United States House of Representatives from Michigan from March 4, 1855 to March 3, 1859 and from May 15, 1860 to March 3, 1861. Howard was the sixth Governor of the Dakota Territory from 1878 to 1880.

text:
# William Alanson Howard

**William Alanson Howard** (April 8, 1813 – April 10, 1880) served as a member of the United States House of Representatives from Michigan from March 4, 1855 to March 3, 1859 and from May 15, 1860 to March 3, 1861. Howard was the sixth Governor of the Dakota Territory from 1878 to 1880.

## Biography

William Howard was born at Hinesburg, Vermont. When he was fourteen, Howard apprenticed to a cabinet maker at Albion, New York. He graduated from Middlebury College at Middlebury, Vermont in 1839. Howard taught school before moving to Michigan for health reasons. Howard spent a year teaching mathematics at the University of Michigan. Then, Howard studied law and was admitted to the Michigan bar in 1842 before practicing law in Detroit. In 1850 he was a lead defense attorney for those accused of plotting the burning of the Michigan Central Depot in Detroit.

In 1854, Howard was elected as an Opposition Party candidate to represent Michigan's 1st congressional district in the 34th Congress, and was re-elected two years later. He successfully contested the election in 1859 of George B. Cooper to the 36th Congress and served from May 15, 1860, until March 3, 1861; was not a candidate for renomination in 1860

After leaving Congress, he became Chairman of the Michigan Republican Party from 1862 to 1868. From 1869 to 1871, Howard served as land commissioner of the Grand Rapids and Indiana Railway. In 1871, Howard ran unsuccessfully as a Republican candidate for the United States Senate. From 1872 to 1878, Howard was the land commissioner of the North Pacific Railway.

In 1878, Howard was appointed as Governor of Dakota Territory by President Rutherford B. Hayes. The appointment was approved April 12, 1878. At the age of sixty-six, Howard came to Dakota Territory and served as Governor until the time of his death, spending the last part of his life residing in Yankton, Dakota Territory. Howard died in Washington, D.C., aged 67.

1. Robert Conot. *American Odyssey*. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1986. p. 44, 55.
* United States Congress. "William Alanson Howard (id: H000847)". *Biographical Directory of the United States Congress*.
* Profile, PoliticalGraveyard.com. Accessed March 28, 2024.

## InfoBox

| William Howard | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Governor of the Dakota Territory | |
| **In office**
April 12, 1878  April 10, 1880 | |
| Preceded by | John L. Pennington |
| Succeeded by | Nehemiah G. Ordway |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Michigan's 1st district | |
| **In office**
May 15, 1860  March 3, 1861 | |
| Preceded by | George Cooper |
| Succeeded by | Bradley F. Granger |
| **In office**
March 4, 1855  March 3, 1859 | |
| Preceded by | David Stuart |
| Succeeded by | George Cooper |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | William Alanson Howard
(1813-04-08)April 8, 1813
Hinesburg, Vermont, U.S. |
| Died | April 10, 1880(1880-04-10) (aged 67)
Washington, D.C., U.S. |
| Political party | Whig (Before 1854)
Opposition (1854–1857)
Republican (1857–1880) |
| Education | Middlebury College (BA) |
|  | |