title: Tyler Clary

abstract: Scott Tyler Clary is an American former competition swimmer and Olympic gold medalist. In his Olympic debut at the 2012 Summer Olympics, Clary won gold in the 200-meter backstroke in Olympic record time. In total, he won sixteen medals in major international competitions: three gold, eight silver, and five bronze spanning the Summer Olympics, the FINA World Championships, the Pan Pacific Championships, and the Pan American Games.

text:
# Tyler Clary

**Scott Tyler Clary** (born March 12, 1989) is an American former competition swimmer and Olympic gold medalist. In his Olympic debut at the 2012 Summer Olympics, Clary won gold in the 200-meter backstroke in Olympic record time. In total, he won sixteen medals in major international competitions: three gold, eight silver, and five bronze spanning the Summer Olympics, the FINA World Championships, the Pan Pacific Championships, and the Pan American Games.

## Swimming career

### Early years

Clary began swimming at the age of 8 during a water safety class. Prior to a legal name change, Clary competed at the 2006 Youth Worlds as Scott Flowers, where he won four medals and was named the top male performer of the meet. He attended Riverside Polytechnic High School in Riverside, California, graduating in 2007, and swam competitively for Fullerton Aquatics (FAST Swimming) in Fullerton, California.

At the 2007 Pan American Games, Clary won the silver in the 200-meter backstroke, finishing behind Brazilian swimmer Thiago Pereira. At the 2008 U.S. Olympic Team Trials, Clary placed third in the 200-meter backstroke and fourth in the 400-meter individual medley.

Clary accepted an athletic scholarship to attend the University of Michigan, where he competed in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) competition for three years. He was a three-time NCAA national champion, winning the 400-yard individual medley in 2009 and 2010 and the 200-yard backstroke in 2009. Clary was the 2009 NCAA Swimmer of the Year and received eleven All-American honors.

Clary turned professional in 2010, forgoing his final season at Michigan. In preparation for the 2012 Summer Olympics, Clary spent the next two years training under Jon Urbanchek at the U.S. Olympic Post-Graduate Training Center at Fullerton Aquatics (FAST Swimming).

### 2009

On March 27, 2009, Clary broke Michael Phelps' American record in the 400-yard individual medley. One day later, he broke Ryan Lochte's NCAA record in the 200-yard backstroke.

At the 2009 National Championships, Clary placed second in both the 200-meter butterfly (1:53.64) and 400-meter individual medley (4:06.96), qualifying to swim both events at the 2009 World Aquatics Championships in Rome. Clary also placed third in both the 200-meter backstroke (1:54.53) and 200-meter individual medley (1:57.25).

At the 2009 World Aquatics Championships, Clary placed second to Ryan Lochte in the 400-meter individual medley final with a time of 4:07.31. Clary also placed fifth in the 200-meter butterfly final with a time of 1:54.45. For his performance, Clary was awarded the breakout performer of the year award at the 2009 Golden Goggle Awards.

### 2010

At the 2010 National Championships, Clary finished second to Lochte in the 400-meter individual medley, and third in the 200-meter butterfly, 200-meter individual medley and 200-meter backstroke.

At the 2010 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships, Clary won three silver medals, all behind Lochte. In the 400-meter individual medley, Clary recorded a time of 4:09.55, behind Lochte's 4:07.59. In the 200-meter backstroke, Clary finished second in a time of 1:54.90. In the 200-meter individual medley, Clary had a strong comeback to overtake Thiago Pereira for the second position, and finished with a time of 1:57.61. Clary also placed 7th in the 200-meter butterfly. By posting the second-best American performances from either Nationals or Pan Pacs in the 400-meter individual medley, 200-meter backstroke and 200-meter butterfly, Clary has qualified to compete in those events at the 2011 World Aquatics Championships.

At the end of 2010, Clary competed at the 2010 World Short Course Championships in Dubai, where he won silver in the 200-meter backstroke and bronze in the 200 and 400-meter individual medley.

### 2011 World Championships

At the 2011 World Aquatics Championships in Shanghai, Clary competed in three events and won two medals, a silver and a bronze. In his first event, the 200-meter butterfly, Clary did not advance past the semifinals, posting a time of 1:56.01 and finishing ninth overall. In the 200-meter backstroke, Clary finished in third place behind Ryan Lochte and Ryosuke Irie with a time of 1:54.69. At the 150-meter mark, Clary was in second place behind Lochte but Irie was able to overtake him for the silver medal. After the race, Clary said, "I won the bronze medal, but that's not what I had expected ... I feel a bit disappointed." In his last event, the 400-meter individual medley, Clary finished second to Lochte with a time of 4:11.17, defending his silver medal from 2009. After the race, Clary said, "This is my second world championships ... Technically, I'm a better swimmer and am more confident. I'll be working on being ready for next summer."

### 2012 Summer Olympics

At the 2012 United States Olympic Trials in Omaha, Nebraska, the qualifying meet for the Olympics, Clary made the Olympic team for the first time by finishing second behind Michael Phelps in the 200-meter butterfly with a time of 1:55.12. Later, he also qualified for the 200-meter backstroke by posting a time of 1:54.88, finishing second behind Ryan Lochte. In his first event, the 400-meter individual medley, Clary missed out on a spot on the team by finishing third behind Phelps and Lochte.

In his first event at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, the 200-meter butterfly, Clary placed fifth in the final with a time of 1:55.06, which was slower than the times he posted in the heats (1:54.96) and semifinals (1:54.93). The final was won by Chad le Clos in a time of 1:52.96. In his second and last event of the Olympics, the 200-meter backstroke, Clary won in a time of 1:53.41, bettering Ryan Lochte's Olympic record of 1:53.94. Prior to this race, Clary held a personal best of 1:54.53 set in 2009. Going into the final, Clary posted the top times in the heats (1:56.24) and semifinals (1:54.71), but was not considered the favorite as Lochte was the defending Olympic and world champion. In the final of the 200-meter backstroke, Lochte lead Clary throughout the race and at the 150-meter mark, Clary was 0.12 seconds behind Lochte. During the last 50-meters however, Clary powered home with a split of 28.48, overtaking Lochte and winning gold. For Clary, it was also the first major international gold he won in his career.

### 2013 World Championships

In his first event at the 2013 World Aquatics Championships in Barcelona, Clary competed in the 200-meter butterfly and placed 7th in the final with a time of 1:56.34. Clary won his first medal of the competition, a bronze, in the 200-meter backstroke, recording a time of 1:54.64 in the final and repeating his result in the event from 2011. In his third and last event, the 400-meter individual medley, Clary was just off the podium with a fourth-place finish, finishing with a time of 4:10.39.

### 2014 Pan Pacific Championships

Clary qualified for the 2014 Pan Pacific Championships at the 2014 AT&T US Nationals. At the Pan Pacific Swimming Championships he took gold in the 200 meter backstroke, silver in the 400 meter individual medley, and bronze in the 200 meter butterfly at the 2014 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships.

### 2015 World Championships

Clary failed to medal at the 2015 World Championships. He placed fourth in the 400 meter individual medley, seventh in the 200 meter backstroke, and twelfth in the 200 meter butterfly at the 2015 World Aquatics Championships.

### 2016 Olympic Trials

Clary retired from swimming after failing to qualify for the 2016 Summer Olympics. He placed third in the 200 meter backstroke, behind Ryan Murphy and Jacob Pebley. Clary commented on his retirement, "I'm looking forward to turning a page in the book of my life and starting a new chapter, I'm going to get to do a lot of things that I've been wanting to do for years now."

## Personal life

Prior to a legal name change in late 2006/early 2007, in competition Clary went by his legal name of Scott Flowers, which he used for the majority of his junior career, despite using Clary as his last name in his personal and academic life. He said that he changed his name when he was 18 to honor his stepfather, Lonnie Clary who has "always been there for me".

A motorsports enthusiast, Clary hopes to race cars professionally when his swimming career is over. Clary stated he intends to switch to NASCAR after the 2016 Summer Olympics, with the goal of joining the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series in 2021.

In January 2017 Clary announced he would be joining the swimming team coaching staff for the Hotchkiss School.

## Personal bests

*As of August 2, 2012*.

| Long course  **Event** **Time** **Meet** **Date**   200 m backstroke **1:53.41** 2012 Summer Olympics August 2, 2012  200 m butterfly **1:53.64** 2009 National Championships July 8, 2009  200 m individual medley **1:57.25** 2009 National Championships July 10, 2009  400 m individual medley **4:06.96** 2009 National Championships July 7, 2009 | Short course  **Event** **Time** **Meet** **Date**   200 m backstroke **1:49.09** 2010 Short Course Worlds December 19, 2010  200 m butterfly **1:53.86** 2009 Duel in the Pool December 19, 2009  100 m individual medley **53.94** 2010 Short Course Worlds December 18, 2010  200 m individual medley **1:53.56** 2010 Short Course Worlds December 17, 2010  400 m individual medley **3:57.56** 2010 Short Course Worlds December 16, 2010 |
| --- | --- |

## InfoBox

Tyler Clary
| Tyler Clary at the 2012 Summer Olympics | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Birth name | Scott Tyler Flowers |
| Full name | Scott Tyler Clary |
| National team | United States |
| Born | (1989-03-12) March 12, 1989<br>Redlands, California, U.S. |
| Height | 6 ft 1 in (185 cm) |
| Weight | 185 lb (84 kg) |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Swimming |
|  | |
| Strokes | Backstroke, butterfly, individual medley |
| Club | FAST Swim Team Of Fullerton |
| College team | University of Michigan |
|  | |
| Medal record      Men's swimming  Representing  United States   Event 1st 2nd 3rd  Olympic Games 1 0 0  World Championships (LC) 0 2 2  World Championships (SC) 1 1 2  Pan Pacific Championships 1 4 1  2007 Rio 0 1 0  '*Total* **3** **8** **5**   Olympic Games  2012 London  200 m backstroke  World Championships (LC)  2009 Rome  400 m medley  2011 Shanghai  400 m medley  2011 Shanghai  200 m backstroke  2013 Barcelona  200 m backstroke  World Championships (SC)  2014 Doha  4×200 m freestyle  2010 Dubai  200 m backstroke  2010 Dubai  200 m medley  2010 Dubai  400 m medley  Pan Pacific Championships  2014 Gold Coast  200 m backstroke  2010 Irvine  200 m backstroke  2010 Irvine  200 m medley  2010 Irvine  400 m medley  2014 Gold Coast  400 m medley  2014 Gold Coast  200 m butterfly  Pan American Games  2007 Rio  200 m backstroke | |


title: Mary Ann Dunwell

abstract: Mary Ann Dunwell is an American politician who serves as a Democratic member of the Montana House of Representatives for District 84.

text:
# Mary Ann Dunwell

**Mary Ann Dunwell** is an American politician who serves as a Democratic member of the Montana House of Representatives for District 84.

## Early life

Dunwell was born in 1954 in Wilmington, Delaware. She earned a Bachelor of Arts in speech and communications.

## Montana House of Representatives

Dunwell was elected to the Montana House of Representatives in 2014, and assumed office in January 2015.

## Personal life

Dunwell lives in Helena, Montana. She has one son.

## InfoBox

| Mary Ann Dunwell | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Montana House of Representatives
from the 84th district | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
January 5, 2015 | |
| Preceded by | Everett Sheets |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1954 (age 6970)
Wilmington, Delaware, U.S. |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Children | 1 |
| Residence(s) | Helena, Montana, U.S. |
|  | |


title: Boris Roatta

abstract: Boris Roatta was a French child actor who focused his career on film, television and voice dubbing.

text:
# Boris Roatta

**Boris Roatta** (1 July 1980 – 25 August 1994) was a French child actor who focused his career on film, television and voice dubbing.

## Biography

Born in Paris, Roatta began his career on film as a child in the late 1980s. He began appearing on television in the early 1990s and he gained notice for his role as the title character’s son Frédéric Moulin in the popular television series *Commissaire Moulin* in which he only appeared in three episodes. He was also a voice actor, as he most notably dubbed the voice of Macaulay Culkin in the *Home Alone* film series as well as *Getting Even with Dad*.

In animation, Roatta provided the French dubbing voices of Flounder in *The Little Mermaid* and Cody in *The Rescuers Down Under*.

## Death

On 25 August 1994, Roatta was struck by a car and was killed instantly while he was cycling across Aiguilles. He was 14 years old. He was laid to rest in a cemetery located in the same city where he died.

## Filmography

### Music video

### Cinema

* *Bonjour l'angoisse* (1988) – Olivier

### Television

* *Sabine j'imagine* (1992) – Nicolas
* *Commissaire Moulin* (1992–1993) – Frédéric Moulin
* *L'Instit* (1993) – Paulo
* *Les Grandes Marées* (1993) – David Marret
* *Le silence du cœur* (1994) – Pierre Baumann

### Dubbing

### Stage

## InfoBox

| Boris Roatta | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1980-07-01)1 July 1980
Paris, France |
| Died | 25 August 1994(1994-08-25) (aged 14)
Aiguilles, Hautes-Alpes, France |
| Occupations | * Actor * voice actor |
| Years active | 1988–1994 |


title: Marie Kurková

abstract:
Marie Kurková is a Czech female volleyball player. She is part of the Czech Republic women's national volleyball team. She participated in the 2014 FIVB Volleyball World Grand Prix.
On club level she played for PVK Olymp Praha in 2014. In 2018 she transferred to college team in Nebraska. With Huskers she ended up as a first runner-up in division 1 volleyball championship, when Nebraska lost against Stanford 2:3.

text:
# Marie Kurková

**Marie Kurková** (born 20 May 1996) is a Czech female volleyball player. She is part of the Czech Republic women's national volleyball team.

She participated in the 2014 FIVB Volleyball World Grand Prix. On club level she played for PVK Olymp Praha in 2014. In 2018 she transferred to college team in Nebraska. With Huskers she ended up as a first runner-up in division 1 volleyball championship, when Nebraska lost against Stanford 2:3.

1. "Team Roster – Czech Republic". *FIVB.org*. Retrieved 16 February 2016.

## InfoBox

| Marie Kurková | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Nationality | Czech |
| Born | (1996-05-20) 20 May 1996<br>Opava, Czech Republic |
| Height | 181 cm (71 in) |
| Weight | 75 kg (165 lb) |
| Spike | 290 cm (114 in) |
| Block | 284 cm (112 in) |
| Volleyball information | |
| Current club | University of Nebraska |
| Number | 7 (national team) |
| Career | |
| Years Teams  2014-2017 PVK Olymp Praha | |
| National team | |
| 2014-  Czech Republic | |


title: Umberto Mozzoni

abstract: Umberto Mozzoni was an Argentine Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Apostolic Nuncio to Brazil from 1969 to 1973, and was made a cardinal in 1973.

text:
# Umberto Mozzoni

**Umberto Mozzoni** (29 June 1904  7 November 1983) was an Argentine Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Apostolic Nuncio to Brazil from 1969 to 1973, and was made a cardinal in 1973.

## Biography

Umberto Mozzoni was born in Buenos Aires, but his family later moved to Macerata, Italy. He attended the seminary there before going to Rome, where he studied at the Pontifical Roman Seminary, Pontifical Roman Athenaeum *S. Apollinare*, and the University of Rome. Ordained a priest on 14 August 1927, Mozzoni then did pastoral work in the Diocese of Macerata and taught at its seminary until 1935. He successively served as secretary and auditor of the apostolic delegations to Canada and Great Britain, and the nunciature to Portugal. He was raised to the rank of a Privy Chamberlain of His Holiness on 7 October 1936, and a Domestic Prelate of His Holiness on 2 January 1948.

On 13 November 1954, Mozzoni was appointed Nuncio to Bolivia and Titular Archbishop of Side. He received his episcopal consecration on the following 5 December from Cardinal James Charles McGuigan, with Archbishop Antonio Samoré and Bishop Sivio Cassulo serving as co-consecrators, in the chapel of the Pontifical Roman Seminary. During his tenure as the Bolivian nuncio, he worked for the protection of foreign missionaries. Mozzoni was later named Nuncio to Argentina on 20 September 1958, dispatching 2,000 missionaries in October 1960 "to open the dialogue between the Church and Argentina on the everlasting efficacy of the Gospel for the advancement of the Argentine people". He attended the Second Vatican Council from 1962 to 1965, and became Nuncio to Brazil on 19 April 1969.

Pope Paul VI created him Cardinal-Deacon of Sant'Eugenio in the consistory of 5 March 1973. On 19 June 1974, Mozzoni was appointed President of the Cardinalatial Commission for the Shrines of Pompei and Loreto. He was one of the cardinal electors who participated in the conclaves of August and October 1978, which selected Popes John Paul I and John Paul II respectively. Mozzoni was Cardinal Protodeacon from 15 June 1980 until he chose to become a Cardinal Priest, with the same titular church, on 2 February 1983.

The Cardinal collapsed while celebrating Mass and later died in a Roman clinic, at age 79. He is buried in the Cathedral of Macerata.

## InfoBox

| His Eminence
Umberto Mozzoni | |
| --- | --- |
| Cardinal Protodeacon Emeritus | |
| Church | Roman Catholic Church |
| Appointed | 15 June 1980 |
| Term ended | 2 February 1983 |
| Predecessor | Sergio Pignedoli |
| Successor | Opilio Rossi |
| Other post(s) | Cardinal-Priest *pro hac vice* of Sant'Eugenio (1983) |
| Previous post(s) | Titular Archbishop of Side (1954-73)
Apostolic Nuncio to Bolivia (1954-58)
Apostolic Nuncio to Argentina (1958-69)
Apostolic Nuncio to Brazil (1969-73)
Cardinal-Deacon of Sant'Eugenio (1973-83)
President of the Commission of Cardinals for the Pontifical Shrines (1974-83) |
| Orders | |
| Ordination | 14 August 1927 |
| Consecration | 5 December 1954
by James Charles McGuigan |
| Created cardinal | 5 March 1973
by Pope Paul VI |
| Rank | Cardinal-Deacon (1973-83)
Cardinal-Priest (1983) |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Umberto Mozzoni
29 June 1904
Buenos Aires, Argentina |
| Died | 7 November 1983(1983-11-07) (aged 79)
Rome, Italy |
| Buried | Macerata Cathedral |
| Alma mater | Pontifical Roman Seminary
Pontifical Roman Athenaeum Saint Apollinare |
| Motto | *Duc in altum* |


title: Peri Schwartz

abstract: Peri Schwartz was an American painter and printmaker. Her work is held in major museums worldwide.

text:
# Peri Schwartz

**Peri Schwartz** (October 4, 1951 – May 7, 2021) was an American painter and printmaker. Her work is held in major museums worldwide.

## Life and work

Peri Schwartz was born in Brooklyn, New York, and raised in Far Rockaway, New York. She received her BFA from Boston University College of Fine Arts in 1973 and an MFA from Queens College in 1975.

Schwartz's early career concentrated on painting and drawing traditional self-portraits, portraits, and still lifes. In the early 2000s, she began to focus more on her studio as subject. Her works, many of objects from her studio such as tables, books, and paint jars, display prominent angles, shapes and lines. To guide her compositions, Schwartz centered and organized her work on a grid system. In her completed paintings, faint grid lines weave throughout though varied rather than rigid so the work is formal but not stiff.

Schwartz began exhibiting in the United States in the 1990s.

Schwartz lived and worked in New Rochelle, New York. Schwartz passed away on May 7, 2021, in White Plains, New York, at the age of 69.

## Selected collections

## Selected exhibitions

* 2020 Paintings & Works on Paper, Page Bond Gallery, Richmond, VA
* 2019 Form + Color, Gerald Peters Gallery, Santa Fe, NM
* 2018 Color & Process, Gallery NAGA, Boston, MA
* 2017 In the Studio, Murray State University, Murray, KT
* 2016 Constructing From Life, Page Bond Gallery, Richmond, VA
* 2015 Paintings • Drawings • Prints, University of Mississippi Museum, Oxford, MS
* 2014 Composing Paintings, Gallery NAGA, Boston, MA
* 2013 New Watercolors and Drawings, Garvey/Simon Art Access, New York, NY
* 2013 Dwellings, Gerald Peters Gallery, Santa Fe, NM
* 2012 Compositions, Page Bond Gallery, Richmond, VA
* 2010 Color Prints, Abbott and Holder, London, UK
* 2009 Reflections, Hillwood Art Museum, Brookville, NY
* 2008 Objects Considered, Midday Gallery, Englewood, NJ
* 2007 Recent Work, Page Bond Gallery, Richmond, VA
* 2006 Studio Paintings, Reeves Contemporary, New York, NY


abstract: The Men's Freestyle 68 kilograms at the 1996 Summer Olympics as part of the wrestling program were held at the Georgia World Congress Center from July 29 to July 30. The gold and silver medalists were determined by the final match of the main single-elimination bracket. The losers advanced to the repechage. These matches determined the bronze medalist for the event.

text:
# Wrestling at the 1996 Summer Olympics – Men's freestyle 68 kg

The **Men's Freestyle 68 kilograms at the 1996 Summer Olympics** as part of the wrestling program were held at the Georgia World Congress Center from July 29 to July 30. The gold and silver medalists were determined by the final match of the main single-elimination bracket. The losers advanced to the repechage. These matches determined the bronze medalist for the event.

## Results

### Round 1

|  | Score |  | CP |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1/16 finals | | | |
| **Arsen Fadzaev (UZB)** | **2–2** | Akbar Fallah (IRI) | 3–1 **PP** |
| **Zaza Zazirov (UKR)** | **10–0** | Ibo Oziti (NGR) | 4–0 **ST** |
| Félix Diédhiou (SEN) | 0–12 **Fall** | **Küllo Kõiv (EST)** | 0–4 **TO** |
| János Fórizs (HUN) | **0–3** | **Elshad Allahverdiyev (AZE)** | 0–3 **PO** |
| **Hwang Sang-ho (KOR)** | **7–0** | Paulo Ibire (ARG) | 3–0 **PO** |
| Yosvany Sánchez (CUB) | **1–3** | **Oleg Gogol (BLR)** | 1–3 **PP** |
| **Arayik Gevorgyan (ARM)** | **9–1** | Ahmad Al-Osta (SYR) | 3–1 **PP** |
| Yüksel Şanlı (TUR) | **1–3** | **Townsend Saunders (USA)** | 1–3 **PP** |
| **Craig Roberts (CAN)** | **12–2** | Richard Weiss (AUS) | 4–1 **SP** |
| **Vadim Bogiev (RUS)** |  | Bye |  |

### Round 2

|  | Score |  | CP |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1/8 finals | | | |
| **Vadim Bogiev (RUS)** | **3–1** | Arsen Fadzaev (UZB) | 3–1 **PP** |
| **Zaza Zazirov (UKR)** | **5–0** | Küllo Kõiv (EST) | 3–0 **PO** |
| Elshad Allahverdiyev (AZE) | **3–5** | **Hwang Sang-ho (KOR)** | 1–3 **PP** |
| Oleg Gogol (BLR) | **2–3** | **Arayik Gevorgyan (ARM)** | 1–3 **PP** |
| **Townsend Saunders (USA)** | **3–1** | Craig Roberts (CAN) | 3–1 **PP** |
| Repechage | | | |
| **Akbar Fallah (IRI)** | **1–0** | Ibo Oziti (NGR) | 3–0 **PO** |
| Félix Diédhiou (SEN) | **1–13** | **János Fórizs (HUN)** | 1–4 **SP** |
| Paulo Ibire (ARG) | **0–10** | **Yosvany Sánchez (CUB)** | 0–4 **ST** |
| **Ahmad Al-Osta (SYR)** | **4–1** | Yüksel Şanlı (TUR) | 3–1 **PP** |
| **Richard Weiss (AUS)** |  | Bye |  |

### Round 3

|  | Score |  | CP |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Quarterfinals | | | |
| **Vadim Bogiev (RUS)** | **6–4** | Zaza Zazirov (UKR) | 3–1 **PP** |
| **Hwang Sang-ho (KOR)** |  | Bye |  |
| **Arayik Gevorgyan (ARM)** |  | Bye |  |
| **Townsend Saunders (USA)** |  | Bye |  |
| Repechage | | | |
| Richard Weiss (AUS) | **0–5** | **Akbar Fallah (IRI)** | 0–3 **PO** |
| János Fórizs (HUN) | **2–6** | **Yosvany Sánchez (CUB)** | 1–3 **PP** |
| **Ahmad Al-Osta (SYR)** | **11–9** | Arsen Fadzaev (UZB) | 3–1 **PP** |
| **Küllo Kõiv (EST)** | **5–1** | Elshad Allahverdiyev (AZE) | 3–1 **PP** |
| **Oleg Gogol (BLR)** | **4–0** | Craig Roberts (CAN) | 3–0 **PO** |

### Round 4

|  | Score |  | CP |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Semifinals | | | |
| **Vadim Bogiev (RUS)** | **3–2** | Hwang Sang-ho (KOR) | 3–1 **PP** |
| Arayik Gevorgyan (ARM) | **0–4** | **Townsend Saunders (USA)** | 0–3 **PO** |
| Repechage | | | |
| Akbar Fallah (IRI) | **1–3** | **Yosvany Sánchez (CUB)** | 1–3 **PP** |
| Ahmad Al-Osta (SYR) | **1–4** | **Küllo Kõiv (EST)** | 1–3 **PP** |
| Oleg Gogol (BLR) | **1–6** | **Zaza Zazirov (UKR)** | 1–3 **PP** |

### Round 5

|  | Score |  | CP |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Repechage | | | |
| **Yosvany Sánchez (CUB)** | **6–0** | Küllo Kõiv (EST) | 3–0 **PO** |
| **Zaza Zazirov (UKR)** |  | Bye |  |

### Round 6

|  | Score |  | CP |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Repechage | | | |
| Hwang Sang-ho (KOR) | 0–7 **Fall** | **Zaza Zazirov (UKR)** | 0–4 **TO** |
| **Yosvany Sánchez (CUB)** | **8–4** | Arayik Gevorgyan (ARM) | 3–1 **PP** |

### Finals

|  | Score |  | CP |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Classification 7th–8th | | | |
| **Küllo Kõiv (EST)** | **7–2** | Ahmad Al-Osta (SYR) | 3–1 **PP** |
| Classification 5th–6th | | | |
| Hwang Sang-ho (KOR) | **0–0** | **Arayik Gevorgyan (ARM)** | 0–3 **PO** |
| Bronze medal match | | | |
| **Zaza Zazirov (UKR)** | **8–6** | Yosvany Sánchez (CUB) | 3–1 **PP** |
| Gold medal match | | | |
| **Vadim Bogiev (RUS)** | **1–1** | Townsend Saunders (USA) | 3–1 **PP** |

## Final standing

| Rank | Athlete |
| --- | --- |
|  | Vadim Bogiev (RUS) |
|  | Townsend Saunders (USA) |
|  | Zaza Zazirov (UKR) |
| 4 | Yosvany Sánchez (CUB) |
| 5 | Arayik Gevorgyan (ARM) |
| 6 | Hwang Sang-ho (KOR) |
| 7 | Küllo Kõiv (EST) |
| 8 | Ahmad Al-Osta (SYR) |
| 9 | Oleg Gogol (BLR) |
| 10 | Akbar Fallah (IRI) |
| 11 | János Fórizs (HUN) |
| 12 | Craig Roberts (CAN) |
| 13 | Arsen Fadzaev (UZB) |
| 14 | Elshad Allahverdiyev (AZE) |
| 15 | Yüksel Şanlı (TUR) |
| 16 | Richard Weiss (AUS) |
| 17 | Félix Diédhiou (SEN) |
| 18 | Paulo Ibire (ARG) |
| 18 | Ibo Oziti (NGR) |

## InfoBox

| Men's freestyle 68 kg<br>at the Games of the XXVI Olympiad | |
| --- | --- |
| Venue | Georgia World Congress Center |
| Dates | 29–30 July 1996 |
| Competitors | 19 from 19 nations |
| Medalists | |
| Vadim Bogiev  Russia  Townsend Saunders  United States  Zaza Zazirov  Ukraine | |
|


abstract: The Padma Bhushan is the third-highest civilian award of the Republic of India. Instituted on 2 January 1954, the award is given for "distinguished service of a high order", without distinction of race, occupation, position, or sex. The recipients receive a Sanad, a certificate signed by the President of India and a circular-shaped medallion with no monetary association. The recipients are announced every year on Republic Day (26 January) and registered in The Gazette of India—a publication used for official government notices and released weekly by the Department of Publication, under the Ministry of Urban Development. The conferral of the award is not considered official without its publication in the Gazette. The name of recipient, whose award have been revoked or restored, both of which require the authority of the President, is archived and they are required to surrender their medal when their name is struck from the register; none of the conferments of Padma Bhushan during 1960–1969 have been revoked or restored. The recommendations are received from all the state and the union territory governments, as well as from Ministries of the Government of India, the Bharat Ratna and the Padma Vibhushan awardees, the Institutes of Excellence, the Ministers, the Chief Ministers and the Governors of State, and the Members of Parliament including private individuals. When instituted in 1954, the Padma Bhushan was classified as "Dusra Varg" under the three-tier Padma Vibhushan awards, which were preceded by the Bharat Ratna in hierarchy. On 15 January 1955, the Padma Vibhushan was reclassified into three different awards as the Padma Vibhushan, the Padma Bhushan and the Padma Shri. The criteria included "distinguished service of a high order in any field including service rendered by Government servants", but excluded those working with the public sector undertakings with the exception of doctors and scientists. The 1954 statutes did not allow posthumous awards; this was subsequently modified in the January 1955 statute. The design was also changed to the form that is currently in use; it portrays a circular-shaped toned bronze medallion 1+3⁄4 inches (44 mm) in diameter and 1⁄8 inch (3.2 mm) thick. The centrally placed pattern made of outer lines of a square of 1+3⁄16 inches (30 mm) side is embossed with a knob carved within each of the outer angles of the pattern. A raised circular space of diameter 1+1⁄16 inches (27 mm) is placed at the centre of the decoration. A centrally located lotus flower is embossed on the obverse side of the medal and the text "Padma" is placed above and the text "Bhushan" is placed below the lotus written in Devanagari script. The State Emblem of India is displayed in the centre of the reverse side, together with the national motto of India, "Satyameva Jayate" in Devanagari script, which is inscribed on the lower edge. The rim, the edges and all embossing on either side is of standard gold with the text "Padma Bhushan" of gold gilt. The medal is suspended by a pink riband 1+1⁄4 inches (32 mm) in width with a broad white stripe in the middle. It is ranked fifth in the order of precedence of wearing of medals and decorations of the Indian civilian and military awards. A total of 200 awards were presented in the 1960s – ten in 1960, followed by thirteen in 1961, twenty-seven in 1962, twelve in 1963, eighteen in 1964, twenty-five in 1965, fourteen in 1966, twenty-four in 1967, twenty-eight in 1968, and twenty-nine in 1969. The Padma Bhushan in the 1960s was also conferred upon five foreign recipients – two from the United States and one each from Canada, Russia, and the United Kingdom. Individuals from nine different fields were awarded, which includes sixty-nine from literature and education, thirty-two from medicine, twenty-two from civil services, seventeen artists, sixteen from public affairs, fifteen from science and engineering, fourteen from social work, ten from trade and industry, and five sportspersons. Journalist Manikonda Chalapathi Rau and Kannada writer K. Shivaram Karanth returned their 1968 awards, while Sitar player Vilayat Khan refused to accept it, with him stating that "the selection committees were incompetent to judge [his] music".

text:
# List of Padma Bhushan award recipients (1960–1969)

The Padma Bhushan is the third-highest civilian award of the Republic of India. Instituted on 2 January 1954, the award is given for "distinguished service of a high order", without distinction of race, occupation, position, or sex. The recipients receive a *Sanad*, a certificate signed by the President of India and a circular-shaped medallion with no monetary association. The recipients are announced every year on Republic Day (26 January) and registered in *The Gazette of India*a publication used for official government notices and released weekly by the Department of Publication, under the Ministry of Urban Development. The conferral of the award is not considered official without its publication in the *Gazette*. The name of recipient, whose award have been revoked or restored, both of which require the authority of the President, is archived and they are required to surrender their medal when their name is struck from the register; none of the conferments of Padma Bhushan during 1960–1969 have been revoked or restored. The recommendations are received from all the state and the union territory governments, as well as from Ministries of the Government of India, the Bharat Ratna and the Padma Vibhushan awardees, the Institutes of Excellence, the Ministers, the Chief Ministers and the Governors of State, and the Members of Parliament including private individuals.

When instituted in 1954, the Padma Bhushan was classified as "Dusra Varg" (Class II) under the three-tier Padma Vibhushan awards, which were preceded by the Bharat Ratna in hierarchy. On 15 January 1955, the Padma Vibhushan was reclassified into three different awards as the Padma Vibhushan, the Padma Bhushan and the Padma Shri. The criteria included "distinguished service of a high order in any field including service rendered by Government servants", but excluded those working with the public sector undertakings with the exception of doctors and scientists. The 1954 statutes did not allow posthumous awards; this was subsequently modified in the January 1955 statute. The design was also changed to the form that is currently in use; it portrays a circular-shaped toned bronze medallion 1+34 inches (44 mm) in diameter and 18 inch (3.2 mm) thick. The centrally placed pattern made of outer lines of a square of 1+316 inches (30 mm) side is embossed with a knob carved within each of the outer angles of the pattern. A raised circular space of diameter 1+116 inches (27 mm) is placed at the centre of the decoration. A centrally located lotus flower is embossed on the obverse side of the medal and the text "Padma" is placed above and the text "Bhushan" is placed below the lotus written in Devanagari script. The State Emblem of India is displayed in the centre of the reverse side, together with the national motto of India, "Satyameva Jayate" (Truth alone triumphs) in Devanagari script, which is inscribed on the lower edge. The rim, the edges and all embossing on either side is of standard gold with the text "Padma Bhushan" of gold gilt. The medal is suspended by a pink riband 1+14 inches (32 mm) in width with a broad white stripe in the middle. It is ranked fifth in the order of precedence of wearing of medals and decorations of the Indian civilian and military awards.

A total of 200 awards were presented in the 1960s   ten in 1960, followed by thirteen in 1961, twenty-seven in 1962, twelve in 1963, eighteen in 1964, twenty-five in 1965, fourteen in 1966, twenty-four in 1967, twenty-eight in 1968, and twenty-nine in 1969. The Padma Bhushan in the 1960s was also conferred upon five foreign recipients   two from the United States and one each from Canada, Russia, and the United Kingdom. Individuals from nine different fields were awarded, which includes sixty-nine from literature and education, thirty-two from medicine, twenty-two from civil services, seventeen artists, sixteen from public affairs, fifteen from science and engineering, fourteen from social work, ten from trade and industry, and five sportspersons. Journalist Manikonda Chalapathi Rau and Kannada writer K. Shivaram Karanth returned their 1968 awards, while Sitar player Vilayat Khan refused to accept it, with him stating that "the selection committees were incompetent to judge \[his\] music".

## Recipients

| Award recipients by year Year Number of recipients  1960 10  1961 13  1962 27  1963 12  1964 18  1965 25  1966 14  1967 24  1968 28  1969 29 | Award recipients by field Field Number of recipients  Arts 17  Civil Service 22  Literature & Education 69  Medicine 32  Public Affairs 16  Science & Engineering 15  Social Work 14  Sports 5  Trade & Industry 10 |
| --- | --- |

List of Padma Bhushan award recipients, showing the year, field, and state/country
| Year | Recipient | Field | State |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1960 | Haridas Siddhanta Bagish | Literature & Education | West Bengal |
| 1960 | Rabindra Nath Chaudhuri | Medicine | West Bengal |
| 1960 | Nilakantha Das | Public Affairs | Orissa |
| 1960 | Rajeshwar Shastri Dravid | Literature & Education | Uttar Pradesh |
| 1960 | Kazi Nazrul Islam | Literature & Education | West Bengal |
| 1960 | Hafiz Ali Khan | Arts | Madhya Pradesh |
| 1960 | Bal Krishna Sharma Naveen | Literature & Education | Delhi |
| 1960 | Ayyadevara Kaleswara Rao | Public Affairs | Andhra Pradesh |
| 1960 | Acharya Shivpujan Sahay | Literature & Education | Bihar |
| 1960 | Vithal Nagesh Shirodkar | Medicine | Maharashtra |
| 1961 | Tridib Nath Banerjee | Medicine | West Bengal |
| 1961 | Rustomji Bomanji Billimoria | Medicine | Maharashtra |
| 1961 | Seth Govind Das | Literature & Education | Madhya Pradesh |
| 1961 | Verrier Elwin | Science & Engineering |  |
| 1961 | Niranjan Das Gulhati | Civil Service | Delhi |
| 1961 | L. Venkatakrishna Iyer | Civil Service | Tamil Nadu |
| 1961 | Rai Krishnadasa | Literature & Education | Uttar Pradesh |
| 1961 | Sumitranandan Pant | Literature & Education | Uttar Pradesh |
| 1961 | Svetoslav Roerich | Arts |  |
| 1961 | Bhagwan Sahay | Civil Service | Uttar Pradesh |
| 1961 | Bindeshwari Prasad Verma | Public Affairs | Bihar |
| 1961 | K. Venkataraman | Trade & Industry | Maharashtra |
| 1961 | Ardeshir Ruttonji Wadia | Literature & Education | Maharashtra |
| 1962 | Ramaswamy Duraiswamy Ayyar | Medicine | Delhi |
| 1962 | Gyanesh Chandra Chatterjee | Literature & Education | Delhi |
| 1962 | Ramchandra Narayan Dandekar | Literature & Education | Maharashtra |
| 1962 | Prem Chandra Dhanda | Medicine | Punjab |
| 1962 | Asaf Ali Asghar Fyzee | Literature & Education | Jammu & Kashmir |
| 1962 | Bade Ghulam Ali Khan | Arts | Maharashtra |
| 1962 | Jafar Ali Khan | Literature & Education | Uttar Pradesh |
| 1962 | Daulat Singh Kothari | Civil Service | Delhi |
| 1962 | Mithan Jamshed Lam | Public Affairs | Maharashtra |
| 1962 | Sudhansu Sobhan Maitra | Medicine | West Bengal |
| 1962 | Sisir Kumar Mitra | Literature & Education | West Bengal |
| 1962 | Tarabai Modak | Social Work | Maharashtra |
| 1962 | Radhakamal Mukerjee | Science & Engineering | Uttar Pradesh |
| 1962 | Sudhindra Nath Mukerjee | Public Affairs | West Bengal |
| 1962 | Niaz Fatehpuri | Literature & Education | Uttar Pradesh |
| 1962 | Jal R. Patel | Medicine | Maharashtra |
| 1962 | Narayan Sitaram Phadke | Literature & Education | Maharashtra |
| 1962 | V. Raghavan | Literature & Education | Tamil Nadu |
| 1962 | Dukhan Ram | Medicine | Bihar |
| 1962 | T. S. Soundram | Social Work | Tamil Nadu |
| 1962 | Mahankali Seetharama Rao | Medicine | Andhra Pradesh |
| 1962 | Raghunath Saran | Medicine | Bihar |
| 1962 | Moturi Satyanarayana | Public Affairs | Tamil Nadu |
| 1962 | Sitaram Seksaria | Social Work | Assam |
| 1962 | Santosh Kumar Sen | Medicine | West Bengal |
| 1962 | Tarlok Singh | Civil Service | Punjab |
| 1962 | Raja Radhika Raman Sinha | Literature & Education | Bihar |
| 1963 | Narendra Nath Bery | Medicine | Punjab |
| 1963 | Makhanlal Chaturvedi | Literature & Education | Madhya Pradesh |
| 1963 | Omeo Kumar Das | Social Work | Assam |
| 1963 | Nitish Chandra Laharry | Social Work | West Bengal |
| 1963 | Badri Nath Prasad | Literature & Education | Uttar Pradesh |
| 1963 | Kanuri Lakshmana Rao | Civil Service | Delhi |
| 1963 | Rahul Sankrityayan | Literature & Education | Uttar Pradesh |
| 1963 | Ramanlal Gokaldas Saraiya | Public Affairs | Maharashtra |
| 1963 | T. R. Seshadri | Literature & Education | Tamil Nadu |
| 1963 | Sardar Harnarain Singh | Civil Service | Punjab |
| 1963 | M. L. Soni | Medicine | Delhi |
| 1963 | Ramkumar Verma | Literature & Education | Uttar Pradesh |
| 1964 | Sheikh Abdullah | Literature & Education | Uttar Pradesh |
| 1964 | Nuruddin Ahmed | Public Affairs | Delhi |
| 1964 | Rafiuddin Ahmed | Medicine | West Bengal |
| 1964 | Jacob Chandy | Medicine | Kerala |
| 1964 | Kunji Lal Dubey | Public Affairs | Madhya Pradesh |
| 1964 | Tushar Kanti Ghosh | Literature & Education | West Bengal |
| 1964 | Anil Bandhu Guha | Civil Service | West Bengal |
| 1964 | Mohd. Abdul Hai | Medicine | Bihar |
| 1964 | Dara Nusserwanji Khurody | Trade & Industry | Madhya Pradesh |
| 1964 | Anukul Chandra Mukherjee | Literature & Education | Uttar Pradesh |
| 1964 | Jnanendra Nath Mukherjee | Science & Engineering | West Bengal |
| 1964 | Bhola Nath Mullik | Civil Service | Delhi |
| 1964 | R. K. Narayan | Literature & Education | Karnataka |
| 1964 | Chintaman Govind Pandit | Medicine | Maharashtra |
| 1964 | Tribhuvandas Kishibhai Patel | Social Work | Gujarat |
| 1964 | N. S. Rajhans (Bal Gandharva) | Arts | Maharashtra |
| 1964 | T. Narayanayajwa Ramachandran | Science & Engineering | Tamil Nadu |
| 1964 | Khushwant Lal Wig | Medicine | Punjab |
| 1965 | Krishnaswami Balasubramania Iyer | Public Affairs | Tamil Nadu |
| 1965 | Jogesh Chandra Banerjee | Medicine | West Bengal |
| 1965 | Joginder Singh Dhillon | Civil Service | Punjab |
| 1965 | Appasaheb Patwardhan | Public Affairs | Maharashtra |
| 1965 | Bhalchandra Babaji Dikshit | Medicine | Maharashtra |
| 1965 | Patrick Dunn | Civil Service | Maharashtra |
| 1965 | Narasinh Narayan Godbole | Literature & Education | Maharashtra |
| 1965 | Nawang Gombu | Sports | West Bengal |
| 1965 | Sonam Gyatso | Sports | Sikkim |
| 1965 | Kashmir Singh Katoch | Civil Service | Punjab |
| 1965 | Akbar Ali Khan | Public Affairs | Telangana |
| 1965 | Shantanu Lakshman Kirloskar | Trade & Industry | Maharashtra |
| 1965 | Mohan Singh Kohli | Sports | Delhi |
| 1965 | Pratap Chandra Lal | Civil Service | Punjab |
| 1965 | Mohammad Mujeeb | Literature & Education | Delhi |
| 1965 | Jayant Narlikar | Science & Engineering | Maharashtra |
| 1965 | Ramaswamy Rajaram | Civil Service | Tamil Nadu |
| 1965 | K. R. Ramanathan | Science & Engineering | Tamil Nadu |
| 1965 | Satyajit Ray | Arts | West Bengal |
| 1965 | Triguna Sen | Literature & Education | West Bengal |
| 1965 | Santu Shahaney | Civil Service | West Bengal |
| 1965 | Shiv Sharma | Medicine | Uttar Pradesh |
| 1965 | Harbaksh Singh | Civil Service | Delhi |
| 1965 | Vrindavan Lal Verma | Literature & Education | Uttar Pradesh |
| 1965 | Manikya Lal Verma | Social Work | Rajasthan |
| 1966 | T. S. Ramaswami Aiyer | Public Affairs | Tamil Nadu |
| 1966 | Babubhai Maneklal Chinai | Trade & Industry | Maharashtra |
| 1966 | Puliyur Krishnaswamy Duraiswami | Medicine | Delhi |
| 1966 | Verghese Kurien | Trade & Industry | Gujarat |
| 1966 | Zubin Mehta | Arts |  |
| 1966 | K. P. Kesava Menon | Public Affairs | Kerala |
| 1966 | Bhabani Charan Mukharji | Civil Service | West Bengal |
| 1966 | Mannathu Padmanabha Pillai | Social Work | Kerala |
| 1966 | K. Shankar Pillai | Arts | Delhi |
| 1966 | Vikram Sarabhai | Science & Engineering | Gujarat |
| 1966 | Vinayak Sitaram Sarwate | Literature & Education | Madhya Pradesh |
| 1966 | Homi Sethna | Civil Service | Maharashtra |
| 1966 | Jodh Singh | Literature & Education | Punjab |
| 1966 | Haribhau Upadhyaya | Literature & Education | Uttar Pradesh |
| 1967 | Mulk Raj Anand | Literature & Education | Maharashtra |
| 1967 | Tara Cherian | Social Work | Tamil Nadu |
| 1967 | Mulk Raj Chopra | Civil Service | Uttarakhand |
| 1967 | Tulsi Das | Medicine | Punjab |
| 1967 | Krishna Kanta Handique | Literature & Education | Assam |
| 1967 | Akshay Kumar Jain | Literature & Education | Delhi |
| 1967 | Pupul Jayakar | Social Work | Delhi |
| 1967 | Ali Akbar Khan | Arts | West Bengal |
| 1967 | D. P. Kohli | Civil Service | Punjab |
| 1967 | Ramanathan Krishnan | Sports | Tamil Nadu |
| 1967 | C. Kottieth Lakshmanan | Medicine | Tamil Nadu |
| 1967 | T. M. Ponnambalam Mahadevan | Literature & Education | Tamil Nadu |
| 1967 | Kalyanji Vithalbhai Mehta | Literature & Education | Gujarat |
| 1967 | S. I. Padmavati | Medicine | Delhi |
| 1967 | Vasantrao Bandoji Patil | Trade & Industry | Maharashtra |
| 1967 | D. C. Pavate | Literature & Education | Karnataka |
| 1967 | Datto Vaman Potdar | Literature & Education | Maharashtra |
| 1967 | B. Shiva Rao | Literature & Education | Delhi |
| 1967 | Khwaja Ghulam Saiyidain | Literature & Education | Uttar Pradesh |
| 1967 | Ashok Kumar Sarkar | Literature & Education | West Bengal |
| 1967 | Mihir Sen | Sports | West Bengal |
| 1967 | Ravi Shankar | Arts | Uttar Pradesh |
| 1967 | Kaikhushru Ruttonji Shroff | Public Affairs | Maharashtra |
| 1967 | M. L. Vasanthakumari | Arts | Andhra Pradesh |
| 1968 | Acharya Vishva Bandhu | Literature & Education | Uttar Pradesh |
| 1968 | Prabhu Lal Bhatnagar | Science & Engineering | Karnataka |
| 1968 | Sudhir Ranjan Sengupta | Literature & Education | West Bengal |
| 1968 | Mary Clubwala Jadhav | Social Work | Maharashtra |
| 1968 | K. Shivaram Karanth | Literature & Education | Karnataka |
| 1968 | Bismillah Khan | Arts | Uttar Pradesh |
| 1968 | Vishnu Sakharam Khandekar | Literature & Education | Maharashtra |
| 1968 | Sam Manekshaw | Civil Service | Maharashtra |
| 1968 | Mansukhlal Atmaram Master | Public Affairs | Maharashtra |
| 1968 | M. G. K. Menon | Medicine | Delhi |
| 1968 | Waman Bapuji Metre | Science & Engineering | Maharashtra |
| 1968 | Gujarmal Modi | Trade & Industry | Uttar Pradesh |
| 1968 | Murugappa Channaveerappa Modi | Medicine | Karnataka |
| 1968 | Gopalan Narasimhan | Literature & Education | Tamil Nadu |
| 1968 | Benjamin Peary Pal | Science & Engineering | Punjab |
| 1968 | Brahm Prakash | Science & Engineering | Punjab |
| 1968 | Manikonda Chalapathi Rau | Literature & Education | Andhra Pradesh |
| 1968 | C. R. Rao | Science & Engineering | Delhi |
| 1968 | Radhanath Rath | Literature & Education | Odisha |
| 1968 | Jyotish Chandra Ray | Medicine | West Bengal |
| 1968 | Mariadas Ruthnaswamy | Literature & Education | Tamil Nadu |
| 1968 | Raghupati Sahay | Literature & Education | Uttar Pradesh |
| 1968 | Shripad Damodar Satwalekar | Literature & Education | Maharashtra |
| 1968 | G. Sankara Kurup | Literature & Education | Kerala |
| 1968 | Periyasaamy Thooran | Literature & Education | Tamil Nadu |
| 1968 | Sarda Prasad Varma | Civil Service | Bihar |
| 1968 | Shamaprasad Rupshanker Vasavada | Social Work | Gujarat |
| 1968 | Mamidipudi Venkatarangayya | Literature & Education | Andhra Pradesh |
| 1969 | Tarasankar Bandyopadhyay | Literature & Education | West Bengal |
| 1969 | Krishna Chandar | Literature & Education | Maharashtra |
| 1969 | Rahim-ud-in Khan Dagar | Arts | Delhi |
| 1969 | Mohanlal Lallubhai Dantwala | Science & Engineering | Maharashtra |
| 1969 | Keshavrao Krishnarao Datey | Medicine | Maharashtra |
| 1969 | Keshav Prasad Goenka | Trade & Industry | West Bengal |
| 1969 | Semmangudi Srinivasa Iyer | Arts | Tamil Nadu |
| 1969 | Vithalbhai Jhaveri | Literature & Education | Maharashtra |
| 1969 | Prithviraj Kapoor | Arts | Punjab |
| 1969 | Kesarbai Kerkar | Arts | Maharashtra |
| 1969 | Krishna Ramchand Kriplani | Literature & Education | Delhi |
| 1969 | Adinath Lahiri | Science & Engineering | West Bengal |
| 1969 | Gobind Behari Lal | Literature & Education |  |
| 1969 | Kasturbhai Lalbhai | Trade & Industry | Gujarat |
| 1969 | Lata Mangeshkar | Arts | Maharashtra |
| 1969 | V. K. Narayana Menon | Science & Engineering | Kerala |
| 1969 | Raman Madhavan Nair | Literature & Education | Chandigarh |
| 1969 | Samad Yar Khan Saghar Nizami | Literature & Education | Uttar Pradesh |
| 1969 | Nanasaheb Parulekar | Literature & Education | Maharashtra |
| 1969 | Yashwant Dinkar Pendharkar | Literature & Education | Maharashtra |
| 1969 | Vitthal Laxman Phadke | Social Work | Gujarat |
| 1969 | Raja Rao | Literature & Education |  |
| 1969 | Niharranjan Ray | Literature & Education | West Bengal |
| 1969 | P. K. Sen | Medicine | Maharashtra |
| 1969 | Vallabhadas Vithaldas Shah | Medicine | Maharashtra |
| 1969 | Haroon Khan Sherwani | Literature & Education | Andhra Pradesh |
| 1969 | Kasturiswami Sreenivasan | Trade & Industry | Tamil Nadu |
| 1969 | Naval Tata | Social Work | Maharashtra |
| 1969 | S. S. Vasan | Arts | Tamil Nadu |

## Explanatory notes

Non-citizen recipients  1. Kazi Nazrul Islam was accorded the citizenship of Bangladesh in January 1976.
2. Indicates a citizen of the United Kingdom
3. Indicates a citizen of Russia
4. Indicates a citizen of Canada
5. C. R. Rao was accorded the citizenship of the United States in 1995.
6. Indicates a citizen of the United States
1. "PV Sindhu recommended for Padma Bhushan, India's third highest civilian award, by sports ministry". *Firstpost*. 25 September 2017. Archived from the original on 26 December 2017. Retrieved 26 December 2017.
2. Lal, Shavax A. (1954). "The Gazette of India—Extraordinary—Part I" (PDF). *The Gazette of India*. The President's Secretariat (published 2 January 1954): 2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 May 2014. Retrieved 31 March 2018. The President is pleased to institute an award to be designated 'Padma Vibhushan' in three classes, namely: 'Pahela Varg', 'Dusra Varg' and 'Tisra Varg'
3. "Padma Awards Scheme" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs (India). Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 February 2018. Retrieved 28 September 2015.
4. Ayyar, N. M. (1955). "The Gazette of India—Extraordinary—Part I" (PDF). *The Gazette of India*. The President's Secretariat (published 15 January 1955): 8. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 May 2014. Retrieved 31 March 2018. All persons upon whom the decoration of 'Padma Vibhushan' ('Dusra Varg') was conferred under the Regulations issued with Notification No. 2-Pres./54, dated the 2nd January, 1954, shall, for all purposes of these regulations, be deemed to be persons on whom the decoration of Padma Bhushan has been conferred by the President.
5. "Wearing of Medals: Precedence Of Medals". Indian Army. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 22 November 2015.
6. Kumar, A. Prasanna (1983). "The Privilege of Knowing M. C.". *Triveni: Journal of Indian Renaissance*. Vol. 52. Triveni Publishers. Retrieved 15 March 2016.
7. Kaminsky, Arnold P.; Long, Roger D. (2011). *India Today: An Encyclopedia of Life in the Republic*. ABC-CLIO. p. 411. ISBN 978-0-313-37462-3.
8. George, K. M. (1992). *Modern Indian Literature, an Anthology: Plays and prose*. Vol. 3. Sahitya Akademi. p. 727. ISBN 978-81-7201-783-5.
9. Talukdar, Rezaul Karim (1994). *Nazrul, the gift of the century*. Dhaka: Manan. p. 121. ISBN 9848156003. In 1976 Nazrul was awarded the citizenship of Bangladesh.
10. Amin, S. N. (1 January 1996). *The World of Muslim Women in Colonial Bengal, 1876–1939*. BRILL. p. 159. ISBN 9004106421.
11. Chandel, Shakti Singh (24 October 2004). "Svetoslav Roerich: The artist who loved India's soul". *The Tribune (Chandigarh)*. Archived from the original on 14 March 2016. Retrieved 14 March 2016.
12. Daftary, Farhad (2014). *Fifty Years in the East: The Memoirs of Wladimir Ivanow*. I.B. Tauris. p. 91. ISBN 978-1-78453-152-2.
13. "Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellow". New Delhi: Sangeet Natak Akademi. Retrieved 4 January 2017.
14. *The Shaping of Indian Science: 1948–1981*. Universities Press. 2003. pp. 741–742. ISBN 978-81-7371-433-7.
15. Bakhle, Janaki (2006). *Two Men And Music*. Orient Blackswan. pp. 89–90. ISBN 978-81-7824-157-9.
16. D'Monte, Leslie (24 January 2015). "I don't subscribe to the bandwagon idea of Big Bang: Jayant Vishnu Narlikar". *Livemint*. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 15 March 2016.
17. "Profile: Zubin Mehta". Encyclopædia Britannica. 22 March 2016. Archived from the original on 7 September 2015. Retrieved 28 March 2016.
18. Gopal, Rupa (8 November 2002). "Voice with an enchanting lilt". *The Hindu*. Archived from the original on 24 January 2005. Retrieved 28 March 2016.
19. "Ali Akbar Khan: Many firsts to his credit". *The Hindu*. 19 June 2009. Archived from the original on 22 June 2009. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
20. "The Numberdars". *Times Crest*. 1 October 2001. Archived from the original on 23 March 2016. Retrieved 14 March 2016.
21. Piramal, Gita (1999). *Business Legends*. Penguin Books India. p. 349. ISBN 978-0-14-027187-4. He was the tenth largest cotton consumer in the country in 1930 and seventh largest in 1939. ... Kasturbhai group assets in 1939 were Rs. 2.33 crore, which made it India's 30th largest business house or 13th largest Indian business family.
22. "Semmangudi passes away". *The Hindu*. 1 November 2003. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
23. "Sangeetha Kalanidhi awards". Sangeetha Kalanidhi. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
24. "Padma Awards Directory (1954–2017)" (PDF) (Press release). Ministry of Home Affairs (India). 21 May 2017. pp. 6–20. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 January 2021. Retrieved 6 February 2022.
25. Mitra, Priti Kumar (2007). *The Dissent of Nazrul Islam: Poetry and History*. Oxford University Press. p. 93. ISBN 978-0-19-568398-1.
26. Vadukut, Sidin (21 October 2015). "Déjà View: Thanks, but no thanks". *Live Mint*. Archived from the original on 19 February 2017. Retrieved 18 February 2017.

## InfoBox

| Padma Bhushan | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Type | National Civilian |
| Country | India |
| Presented by | <br><br>Government of India |
| Ribbon |  |
| Obverse | A centrally located lotus flower is embossed and the text "Padma" written in Devanagari script is placed above and the text "Bhushan" is placed below the lotus. |
| Reverse | A platinum State Emblem of India placed in the centre with the national motto of India, "Satyameva Jayate" (Truth alone triumphs) in Devanagari Script |
| Established | 1954 |
| First awarded | 1954 |
| Total | 200 |
| Website | http://www.padmaawards.gov.in/ |
| Precedence | |
| Next (higher) | Padma Vibhushan |
| Next (lower) | Padma Shri |
|


title: Turquoise-throated barbet

abstract: The turquoise-throated barbet is an Asian barbet found in Thailand. The barbets get their name from the bristles which fringe their heavy bills; this species eats fruits and insects. It used to be considered a subspecies of the blue-throated barbet.

text:
# Turquoise-throated barbet

The **turquoise-throated barbet** (***Psilopogon chersonesus***) is an Asian barbet found in Thailand. The barbets get their name from the bristles which fringe their heavy bills; this species eats fruits and insects. It used to be considered a subspecies of the blue-throated barbet.

## InfoBox

| Turquoise-throated barbet | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Piciformes |
| Family: | Megalaimidae |
| Genus: | *Psilopogon* |
| Species: | ***P. chersonesus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Psilopogon chersonesus***
(Chasen & Kloss, 1927) | |
|


title: Mokoboxane

abstract: Mokobaxane is a village in Central District of Botswana. The village is located a few kilometres from a larger village of Mopipi close to Makgadikgadi Pan, and it has a primary school and a clinic. The population was 1,290 in 2001 census.

text:
# Mokoboxane

class=notpageimage|Location of Mokobaxane

**Mokobaxane** is a village in Central District of Botswana. The village is located a few kilometres from a larger village of Mopipi close to Makgadikgadi Pan, and it has a primary school and a clinic . The population was 1,290 in 2001 census.

21°15′39″S 24°57′1″E / 21.26083°S 24.95028°E / -21.26083; 24.95028

## InfoBox

| **Mokobaxane** | |
| --- | --- |
| Central District | |
| Population | |
| Total | 1,290 in 2,001 census. |


title: Marie Levens

abstract: Maria Elizabeth (Marie) Levens is a politician who held the post of Foreign Minister of Suriname for five years (2000–2005). On 16 July 2020, Levens became the Minister of Education, Science & Culture.

text:
# Marie Levens

**Maria Elizabeth (Marie) Levens** (born 13 July 1950) is a politician who held the post of Foreign Minister of Suriname for five years (2000–2005). On 16 July 2020, Levens became the Minister of Education, Science & Culture.

## Biography

Levens first studied at the Pedagogical Institute in Suriname, continued to study at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and received her doctorate from the University of Amsterdam. In 1977, she returned to Suriname to teach at the Pedagogical Institute.

After having worked in education she joined the board of the Anton de Kom University of Suriname and contributed to the establishment of the school of Educational Sciences. The Institute of Quality Assurance at the University was her initiative; she became the first director of that institute and contributed to the national and regional Caribbean movement on the establishment of legislation and mechanisms on accreditation. She was the director of the Scholarship Program in Suriname negotiating with universities in Latin America, the Caribbean and Europe. She became Exec. Director of the Department of Human Development of the Organization of American States (OAS). She had worked at the OAS for 10 years, and started three educational programs.

In 1993 she founded the Progressieve Vrouwen Unie (Progressive Women Union).

In 2000 she became the first woman to be the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Suriname. She served until 2005. Between 2005 and 2015, Levens was the programme manager for the Inter American Development Bank, and negotiator for the border issue with Guyana over the Tigri Area. In 2015, Levens became International Program Manager for the World and Regional Development Banks. In 2018, President Desi Bouterse nominated her for Minister of Education which she refused.

On 16 July 2020, Levens became the Minister of Education, Science & Culture in the cabinet of Santokhi.

## Honours

Levens hold an honorary doctorate from the Vrije Universiteit Brussel.

## InfoBox

| Maria Elizabeth Levens | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Minister of Education, Science & Culture | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
16 July 2020 | |
| Preceded by | Lilain Ferrier |
| Minister of Foreign Affairs | |
| **In office**
2000–2005 | |
| Preceded by | Errol Snijders |
| Succeeded by | Lygia Kraag-Keteldijk |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1950-07-13) 13 July 1950 |
| Political party | NPS |
| Occupation | teacher, diplomat, politician |
|  | |


title: Marie Kunert

abstract: Marie Kunert was a German socialist politician and educator. She was a member of the Landtag of Prussia from 1921 until 1928 and member of the Reichstag during the Weimar Republic from 1928 to 1933. In 1933, Kunert went into exile in Switzerland and never returned to Germany.

text:
# Marie Kunert

**Marie Kunert** (20 May 1871 – 28 May 1957) was a German socialist politician and educator. She was a member of the Landtag of Prussia from 1921 until 1928 and member of the Reichstag during the Weimar Republic from 1928 to 1933. In 1933, Kunert went into exile in Switzerland and never returned to Germany.

## Biography

Kunert was born on 20 May 1871 as Marie Bombe in the 3rd District (Wedding) of Berlin. She became a teacher in English and French, and also worked as a translator. In 1890, she married Fritz Kunert.

In 1917, Kunert became a member of the Independent Social Democratic Party (USPD), a centrist Marxist party. In 1918, she became an editor for the press office of the Soviet Embassy. In 1921, Kunert was elected to Landtag of Prussia. In 1922, she changed to the Social Democratic Party. Kunert served in the Landtag until 1928 when she was elected to the Reichstag of the Weimar Republic. She was re-elected four times and served until 1933. In 1931, her husband died. In 1933, the Nazi Party came to power, and Kunert went into exile in Switzerland. She never returned to Germany.

On 28 May 1957, Kunert died at the age of 86 in Berlingen.

## InfoBox

| Marie Kunert | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of Reichstag | |
| **In office**
1928–1933 | |
| Member of Landtag of Prussia | |
| **In office**
1921–1928 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Marie Bombe
(1871-05-20)20 May 1871
Wedding, Berlin, German Empire |
| Died | 28 May 1957(1957-05-28) (aged 86)
Berlingen, Switzerland |
| Political party | Independent Social Democratic Party (USPD) (1917-1922)
Social Democratic Party (SPD) (1922-1933) |
|  | |


title: Ungula

abstract:
In solid geometry, an ungula is a region of a solid of revolution, cut off by a plane oblique to its base. A common instance is the spherical wedge. The term ungula refers to the hoof of a horse, an anatomical feature that defines a class of mammals called ungulates. The volume of an ungula of a cylinder was calculated by Grégoire de Saint Vincent. Two cylinders with equal radii and perpendicular axes intersect in four double ungulae. The bicylinder formed by the intersection had been measured by Archimedes in The Method of Mechanical Theorems, but the manuscript was lost until 1906. A historian of calculus described the role of the ungula in integral calculus:
  - Grégoire himself was primarily concerned to illustrate by reference to the ungula that volumetric integration could be reduced, through the ductus in planum, to a consideration of geometric relations between the lies of plane figures. The ungula, however, proved a valuable source of inspiration for those who followed him, and who saw in it a means of representing and transforming integrals in many ingenious ways.

text:
# Ungula

In solid geometry, an **ungula** is a region of a solid of revolution, cut off by a plane oblique to its base. A common instance is the spherical wedge. The term *ungula* refers to the hoof of a horse, an anatomical feature that defines a class of mammals called ungulates.

The volume of an ungula of a cylinder was calculated by Grégoire de Saint Vincent. Two cylinders with equal radii and perpendicular axes intersect in four double ungulae. The bicylinder formed by the intersection had been measured by Archimedes in The Method of Mechanical Theorems, but the manuscript was lost until 1906.

A historian of calculus described the role of the ungula in integral calculus:

Grégoire himself was primarily concerned to illustrate by reference to the *ungula* that volumetric integration could be reduced, through the *ductus in planum*, to a consideration of geometric relations between the lies of plane figures. The *ungula*, however, proved a valuable source of inspiration for those who followed him, and who saw in it a means of representing and transforming integrals in many ingenious ways.

## Cylindrical ungula

A cylindrical ungula of base radius *r* and height *h* has volume

$V={2 \over 3}r^{2}h$,.

Its total surface area is

$A={1 \over 2}\pi r^{2}+{1 \over 2}\pi r{\sqrt {r^{2}+h^{2}+2rh}}$,

the surface area of its curved sidewall is

$A\_{s}=2rh$,

and the surface area of its top (slanted roof) is

$A\_{t}={1 \over 2}\pi r{\sqrt {r^{2}+h^{2}}}$.

### Proof

Consider a cylinder $x^{2}+y^{2}=r^{2}$ bounded below by plane $z=0$ and above by plane $z=ky$ where *k* is the slope of the slanted roof:

$k={h \over r}$.

Cutting up the volume into slices parallel to the *y*-axis, then a differential slice, shaped like a triangular prism, has volume

$$A(x)\\,dx$$

where

$$A(x)={1 \over 2}{\sqrt {r^{2}-x^{2}\cdot k{\sqrt {r^{2}-x^{2}={1 \over 2}k(r^{2}-x^{2})}}}}$$

is the area of a right triangle whose vertices are, $(x,0,0)$, $(x,{\sqrt {r^{2}-x^{2},0)}}$, and $(x,{\sqrt {r^{2}-x^{2},k{\sqrt {r^{2}-x^{2})}}}}$, and whose base and height are thereby $\sqrt {r^{2}-x^{2}}$ and $k{\sqrt {r^{2}-x^{2}}}$, respectively. Then the volume of the whole cylindrical ungula is

$$V=\int \_{-r}^{r}A(x)\\,dx=\int \_{-r}^{r}{1 \over 2}k(r^{2}-x^{2})\\,dx$$

$$\qquad ={1 \over 2}k{\Big (}\[r^{2}x\]\_{-r}^{r}-{\Big \[}{1 \over 3}x^{3}{\Big \]}\_{-r}^{r}{\Big )}={1 \over 2}k(2r^{3}-{2 \over 3}r^{3})={2 \over 3}kr^{3}$$

which equals

$$V={2 \over 3}r^{2}h$$

after substituting $rk=h$.

A differential surface area of the curved side wall is

$dA\_{s}=kr(\sin \theta )\cdot r\\,d\theta =kr^{2}(\sin \theta )\\,d\theta $,

which area belongs to a nearly flat rectangle bounded by vertices $(r\cos \theta ,r\sin \theta ,0)$, $(r\cos \theta ,r\sin \theta ,kr\sin \theta )$, $(r\cos(\theta +d\theta ),r\sin(\theta +d\theta ),0)$, and $(r\cos(\theta +d\theta ),r\sin(\theta +d\theta ),kr\sin(\theta +d\theta ))$, and whose width and height are thereby $r\\,d\theta $ and (close enough to) $kr\sin \theta $, respectively. Then the surface area of the wall is

$$A\_{s}=\int \_{0}^{\pi }dA\_{s}=\int \_{0}^{\pi }kr^{2}(\sin \theta )\\,d\theta =kr^{2}\int \_{0}^{\pi }\sin \theta \\,d\theta $$

where the integral yields $-\[\cos \theta \]\_{0}^{\pi }=-\[-1-1\]=2$, so that the area of the wall is

$A\_{s}=2kr^{2}$,

and substituting $rk=h$ yields

$A\_{s}=2rh$.

The base of the cylindrical ungula has the surface area of half a circle of radius *r*: $1 \over 2}\pi r^{2$, and the slanted top of the said ungula is a half-ellipse with semi-minor axis of length *r* and semi-major axis of length $r{\sqrt {1+k^{2}}}$, so that its area is

$$A\_{t}={1 \over 2}\pi r\cdot r{\sqrt {1+k^{2}={1 \over 2}\pi r{\sqrt {r^{2}+(kr)^{2}}}}}$$

and substituting $kr=h$ yields

$A\_{t}={1 \over 2}\pi r{\sqrt {r^{2}+h^{2}}}$. ∎

Note how the surface area of the side wall is related to the volume: such surface area being $2kr^{2}$, multiplying it by $dr$ gives the volume of a differential half-shell, whose integral is $2 \over 3}kr^{3$, the volume.

When the slope *k* equals 1 then such ungula is precisely one eighth of a bicylinder, whose volume is $16 \over 3}r^{3$. One eighth of this is $2 \over 3}r^{3$.

## Conical ungula

A conical ungula of height *h*, base radius *r*, and upper flat surface slope *k* (if the semicircular base is at the bottom, on the plane *z* = 0) has volume

$$V={r^{3}kHI \over 6}$$

where

$$H={1 \over {1 \over h}-{1 \over rk}}$$

is the height of the cone from which the ungula has been cut out, and

$I=\int \_{0}^{\pi }{2H+kr\sin \theta \over (H+kr\sin \theta )^{2}\sin \theta \\,d\theta }$.

The surface area of the curved sidewall is

$A\_{s}={kr^{2}{\sqrt {r^{2}+H^{2} \over 2}I}}$.

As a consistency check, consider what happens when the height of the cone goes to infinity, so that the cone becomes a cylinder in the limit:

$$\lim \_{H\rightarrow \infty }{\Big (}I-{4 \over H}{\Big )}=\lim \_{H\rightarrow \infty }{\Big (}{2H \over H^{2}\int \_{0}^{\pi }\sin \theta \\,d\theta -{4 \over H}{\Big )}=0}$$

so that

$\lim \_{H\rightarrow \infty }V={r^{3}kH \over 6}\cdot {4 \over H}={2 \over 3}kr^{3}$, $\lim \_{H\rightarrow \infty }A\_{s}={kr^{2}H \over 2}\cdot {4 \over H}=2kr^{2}$, and $\lim \_{H\rightarrow \infty }A\_{t}={1 \over 2}\pi r^{2}{{\sqrt {1+k^{2} \over 1+0}={1 \over 2}\pi r^{2}{\sqrt {1+k^{2}={1 \over 2}\pi r{\sqrt {r^{2}+(rk)^{2}}}}}}}$,

which results agree with the cylindrical case.

### Proof

Let a cone be described by

$$1-{\rho \over r}={z \over H}$$

where *r* and *H* are constants and *z* and *ρ* are variables, with

$$\rho ={\sqrt {x^{2}+y^{2},\qquad 0\leq \rho \leq r}}$$

and

$x=\rho \cos \theta ,\qquad y=\rho \sin \theta $.

Let the cone be cut by a plane

$z=ky=k\rho \sin \theta $.

Substituting this *z* into the cone's equation, and solving for *ρ* yields

$$\rho \_{0}={1 \over {1 \over r}+{k\sin \theta \over H}}$$

which for a given value of *θ* is the radial coordinate of the point common to both the plane and the cone that is farthest from the cone's axis along an angle *θ* from the *x*-axis. The cylindrical height coordinate of this point is

$z\_{0}=H{\Big (}1-{\rho \_{0} \over r}{\Big )}$.

So along the direction of angle *θ*, a cross-section of the conical ungula looks like the triangle

$(0,0,0)-(\rho \_{0}\cos \theta ,\rho \_{0}\sin \theta ,z\_{0})-(r\cos \theta ,r\sin \theta ,0)$.

Rotating this triangle by an angle $d\theta $ about the *z*-axis yields another triangle with $\theta +d\theta $, $\rho \_{1}$, $z\_{1}$ substituted for $\theta $, $\rho \_{0}$, and $z\_{0}$ respectively, where $\rho \_{1}$ and $z\_{1}$ are functions of $\theta +d\theta $ instead of $\theta $. Since $d\theta $ is infinitesimal then $\rho \_{1}$ and $z\_{1}$ also vary infinitesimally from $\rho \_{0}$ and $z\_{0}$, so for purposes of considering the volume of the differential trapezoidal pyramid, they may be considered equal.

The differential trapezoidal pyramid has a trapezoidal base with a length at the base (of the cone) of $rd\theta $, a length at the top of $\Big (}{H-z\_{0} \over H}{\Big )}rd\theta $, and altitude $z\_{0} \over H}{\sqrt {r^{2}+H^{2}}$, so the trapezoid has area

$A\_{T}={r\\,d\theta +{\Big (}{H-z\_{0} \over H}{\Big )}r\\,d\theta \over 2}{z\_{0} \over H}{\sqrt {r^{2}+H^{2}=r\\,d\theta {(2H-z\_{0})z\_{0} \over 2H^{2}{\sqrt {r^{2}+H^{2}}}}}}$.

An altitude from the trapezoidal base to the point $(0,0,0)$ has length differentially close to

$rH \over {\sqrt {r^{2}+H^{2}}}$.

(This is an altitude of one of the side triangles of the trapezoidal pyramid.) The volume of the pyramid is one-third its base area times its altitudinal length, so the volume of the conical ungula is the integral of that:

$$V=\int \_{0}^{\pi }{1 \over 3}{rH \over {\sqrt {r^{2}+H^{2}{(2H-z\_{0})z\_{0} \over 2H^{2}{\sqrt {r^{2}+H^{2}r\\,d\theta =\int \_{0}^{\pi }{1 \over 3}r^{2}{(2H-z\_{0})z\_{0} \over 2H}d\theta ={r^{2}k \over 6H}\int \_{0}^{\pi }(2H-ky\_{0})y\_{0}\\,d\theta }}}}}}$$

where

$$y\_{0}=\rho \_{0}\sin \theta ={\sin \theta \over {1 \over r}+{k\sin \theta \over H}={1 \over {1 \over r\sin \theta }+{k \over H}}}$$

Substituting the right hand side into the integral and doing some algebraic manipulation yields the formula for volume to be proven.

For the sidewall:

$$A\_{s}=\int \_{0}^{\pi }A\_{T}=\int \_{0}^{\pi }{(2H-z\_{0})z\_{0} \over 2H^{2}r{\sqrt {r^{2}+H^{2}\\,d\theta ={kr{\sqrt {r^{2}+H^{2} \over 2H^{2}\int \_{0}^{\pi }(2H-z\_{0})y\_{0}\\,d\theta }}}}}}$$

and the integral on the rightmost-hand-side simplifies to $H^{2}rI$. ∎

As a consistency check, consider what happens when *k* goes to infinity; then the conical ungula should become a semi-cone.

$$\lim \_{k\rightarrow \infty }{\Big (}I-{\pi \over kr}{\Big )}=0$$

$$\lim \_{k\rightarrow \infty }V={r^{3}kH \over 6}\cdot {\pi \over kr}={1 \over 2}{\Big (}{1 \over 3}\pi r^{2}H{\Big )}$$

which is half of the volume of a cone.

$$\lim \_{k\rightarrow \infty }A\_{s}={kr^{2}{\sqrt {r^{2}+H^{2} \over 2}\cdot {\pi \over kr}={1 \over 2}\pi r{\sqrt {r^{2}+H^{2}}}}}$$

which is half of the surface area of the curved wall of a cone.

### Surface area of top part

When $k=H/r$, the "top part" (i.e., the flat face that is not semicircular like the base) has a parabolic shape and its surface area is

$A\_{t}={2 \over 3}r{\sqrt {r^{2}+H^{2}}}$.

When $k\<H/r$ then the top part has an elliptic shape (i.e., it is less than one-half of an ellipse) and its surface area is

$$A\_{t}={1 \over 2}\pi x\_{max}(y\_{1}-y\_{m}){\sqrt {1+k^{2}\Lambda }}$$

where

$x\_{max}={\sqrt {{k^{2}r^{4}H^{2}-k^{4}r^{6} \over (k^{2}r^{2}-H^{2})^{2}+r^{2}}}}$, $y\_{1}={1 \over {1 \over r}+{k \over H}}$, $y\_{m}={kr^{2}H \over k^{2}r^{2}-H^{2}}$, $\Lambda ={\pi \over 4}-{1 \over 2}\arcsin(1-\lambda )-{1 \over 4}\sin(2\arcsin(1-\lambda ))$, and $\lambda ={y\_{1} \over y\_{1}-y\_{m}}$.

When $k\>H/r$ then the top part is a section of a hyperbola and its surface area is

$$A\_{t}={\sqrt {1+k^{2}(2Cr-aJ)}}$$

where

$C={y\_{1}+y\_{2} \over 2}=y\_{m}$, $y\_{1}$ is as above, $y\_{2}={1 \over {k \over H}-{1 \over r}}$, $a={r \over {\sqrt {C^{2}-\Delta ^{2}}}}$, $\Delta ={y\_{2}-y\_{1} \over 2}$, $J={r \over a}B+{\Delta ^{2} \over 2}\log {\Biggr |}{{r \over a}+B \over {-r \over a}+B}{\Biggr |}$,

where the logarithm is natural, and

$B={\sqrt {\Delta ^{2}+{r^{2} \over a^{2}}}}$.


title: Uegitglanis zammaranoi

abstract: Uegitglanis zammaranoi is the only species of catfish in the genus Uegitglanis of the family Clariidae. It is endemic to Somalia, where it only occurs in caves near the Jubba and the Shebelle Rivers. This species grows to about 10.1 cm (4.0 in) in total length. U. zammaranoi is hypothesized to be the sister group to Heteropneustes and the remaining clariids. The problematic relationship of this species to the rest of the family is due to the lack of a labyrinth organ that characterizes the family. Two other cavefish species are in Somalia: the cyprinids Barbopsis devecchi and Phreatichthys andruzzii.

text:
# Uegitglanis zammaranoi

***Uegitglanis zammaranoi*** is the only species of catfish (order Siluriformes) in the genus ***Uegitglanis*** of the family Clariidae. It is endemic to Somalia, where it only occurs in caves near the Jubba and the Shebelle Rivers. This species grows to about 10.1 cm (4.0 in) in total length.

*U. zammaranoi* is hypothesized to be the sister group to *Heteropneustes* and the remaining clariids. The problematic relationship of this species to the rest of the family is due to the lack of a labyrinth organ that characterizes the family.

Two other cavefish species are in Somalia: the cyprinids *Barbopsis devecchi* and *Phreatichthys andruzzii*.

1. Getahun, A. (2010). "*Uegitglanis zammaranoi*". *IUCN Red List of Threatened Species*. **2010**: e.T22726A9380099. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T22726A9380099.en. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
2. Ferraris, Carl J. Jr. (2007). "Checklist of catfishes, recent and fossil (Osteichthyes: Siluriformes), and catalogue of siluriform primary types" (PDF). *Zootaxa*. **1418**: 1–628. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.232.798. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1418.1.1.
3. Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "*Uegiglanis zammaranoi*". *FishBase*. December 2011 version.
4. Devaere, Stijn; Adriaens, Dominique; Teugels, Guy G.; Verraes, Walter (2005). "Morphology and spatial constraints in a dorsoventrally flattened skull, with a revised species description of *Platyallabes tihoni* (Poll, 1944)". *Journal of Natural History*. **39** (19): 1653–1673. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.596.7003. doi:10.1080/00222930400020103. S2CID 59363346.
5. Romero, A., editor (2001). *The Biology of Hypogean Fishes.* Developments in Environmental Biology of Fishes. ISBN 978-1402000768

## InfoBox

| *Uegitglanis zammaranoi* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Vulnerable  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Siluriformes |
| Family: | Clariidae |
| Genus: | *Uegitglanis*
Gianferrari, 1923 |
| Species: | ***U. zammaranoi*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Uegitglanis zammaranoi***
Gianferrari, 1923 | |
|
|  | |


title: Peter A. Stewart

abstract: Peter Arthur Robert Stewart (1921–1993) was a Canadian physiologist who introduced an alternate approach to understanding acid–base physiology. He outlined his model in a paper in 1978, and explained it his 1981 book, How to Understand Acid–Base. The book was unavailable for many years, then made available on-line and finally reprinted in 2009, with additional chapters on current applications in clinical medicine. The Stewart approach models the complex chemical equilibrium system known as acid–base balance. Stewart introduced the term "strong ion difference" or [SID] to mean the concentration of strongly dissociating cations minus the concentration of strongly dissociating anions. He characterised this, the total weak acid concentration and the partial pressure of CO2 as independent variables and formulated a quartic equation relating [H+] to these three independent variables. The quartic equation was solved numerically by computer and has never been validated by titration or physiological experiments. The model ignores intracellular and extravascular compartments. The impact of the Stewart analysis has been slow in coming but there has been a recent resurgence in interest, particularly as this approach provides explanations for several areas which are otherwise difficult to understand (e.g., dilutional acidosis, acid–base disorders related to changes in plasma albumin concentration).

text:
# Peter A. Stewart

**Peter Arthur Robert Stewart** (1921–1993) was a Canadian physiologist who introduced an alternate approach to understanding acid–base physiology.

He outlined his model in a paper in 1978, and explained it his 1981 book, *How to Understand Acid–Base*. The book was unavailable for many years, then made available on-line and finally reprinted in 2009, with additional chapters on current applications in clinical medicine.

The Stewart approach models the complex chemical equilibrium system known as acid–base balance. Stewart introduced the term "strong ion difference" or \[SID\] to mean the concentration of strongly dissociating cations minus the concentration of strongly dissociating anions. He characterised this, the total weak acid concentration and the partial pressure of CO2 as independent variables and formulated a quartic equation relating \[H+\] to these three independent variables. The quartic equation was solved numerically by computer and has never been validated by titration or physiological experiments. The model ignores intracellular and extravascular compartments.

The impact of the Stewart analysis has been slow in coming but there has been a recent resurgence in interest, particularly as this approach provides explanations for several areas which are otherwise difficult to understand (*e.g.*, dilutional acidosis, acid–base disorders related to changes in plasma albumin concentration).

## Criticism

Ole Siggaard-Andersen, author of the textbook, *the Acid–Base Status of the Blood*, wrote, "the Stewart approach is absurd and anachronistic." This is because Stewart began by characterising \[SID\], ATOT and PCO₂ as independent variables, and \[H+\] as the dependent variable of interest. He wrote down the equations for equilibrium concentrations derived from the law of mass action, and eliminated all other "dependent" variables. This naturally yielded an equation that phrased \[H+\] in terms of \[SID\], ATOT and PCO₂, but people take it as support for the characterisation of variables as dependent and independent.

## Biographical information

Peter was born in Winnipeg, Manitoba in 1921. He graduated with honours from the University of Manitoba in 1943. Post-graduate qualifications were obtained from the University of Minnesota: Master of Science in physics and mathematics in 1949, and a PhD in biophysics in 1951. In 1954, he took up a position as Associate Professor of Physiology, Physics and Biometry at Emory University. In 1965, he joined Brown University as Professor of Medical Science.

He retired to Orcas Island in the Strait of Juan de Fuca near Seattle in 1983, and died in 1993.

1. Stewart P (1978). "Independent and dependent variables of acid–base control". *Respir Physiol*. **33** (1): 9–26. doi:10.1016/0034-5687(78)90079-8. PMID 27857.
2. Stewart, Peter A. (1981). *How to Understand Acid–Base*. New York: Elsevier North Holland, Inc. ISBN 0-7131-4390-8.
3. Kellum, John A; Elbers, Paul WG, eds. (2009). *Stewart's Textbook of Acid–Base*. Self-published through Lulu. ISBN 978-1-4092-5470-6.
4. Siggaard-Andersen, Ole; Fogh-Andersen N (1995). "Base excess or buffer base (strong ion difference) as measure of a non-respiratory acid–base disturbance". *Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica Supplementum*. **107**: 123–8. doi:10.1111/j.1399-6576.1995.tb04346.x. PMID 8599264. S2CID 36289008.

## InfoBox

| Peter A. Stewart | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | 1921
Winnipeg |
| Died | 1993 (aged 7172)
Orcas Island |
| Known for | Acid–base theory |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Physiology |
| Thesis | *Some Effects of Altered Ion Environment on the Low-frequency Admittance Pattern of Nerve Membrane*  (1952) |
|  | |


abstract: The boys' 50 kg Greco-Roman tournament in wrestling at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics was held on August 15 at the International Convention Centre. The event limited competitors to a maximum of 50 kilograms of body mass. The tournament had two groups where wrestlers compete in a round-robin format. The winners of each group would go on to play for the gold medal, second placers played for the bronze medal while everyone else played for classification depending on where they ranked in the group stage. On 15 October 2010, the International Olympic Committee announced that Nurbek Hakkulov, who won a silver medal for Uzbekistan had tested positive for a banned diuretic, furosemide. Hakkulov was disqualified and stripped of his silver medal, although no decision was taken on whether to promote Shadybek Sulaimanov and Johan Rodriguez Banguela in the event.

text:
# Wrestling at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics – Boys' Greco-Roman 50 kg

The **boys' 50 kg Greco-Roman** tournament in **wrestling at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics** was held on August 15 at the International Convention Centre.

The event limited competitors to a maximum of 50 kilograms of body mass. The tournament had two groups where wrestlers compete in a round-robin format. The winners of each group would go on to play for the gold medal, second placers played for the bronze medal while everyone else played for classification depending on where they ranked in the group stage.

On 15 October 2010, the International Olympic Committee announced that Nurbek Hakkulov, who won a silver medal for Uzbekistan had tested positive for a banned diuretic, furosemide. Hakkulov was disqualified and stripped of his silver medal, although no decision was taken on whether to promote Shadybek Sulaimanov and Johan Rodriguez Banguela in the event.

## Medalists

| Gold | Silver | Bronze |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Elman Mukhtarov
Azerbaijan | *Vacant* | Shadybek Sulaimanov
Kyrgyzstan |

## Group stages

### Group A

| Athlete | Pld | C. Points | T. Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Elman Mukhtarov (AZE) | 2 | 6 | 13 |
| Johan Rodriguez Banguela (CUB) | 2 | 4 | 5 |
| Andrei Pikuza (BLR) | 2 | 0 | 0 |

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Andrei Pikuza (BLR) | **0-2**
(0-**3**, 0-**3**) | **Elman Mukhtarov (AZE)** |
| Andrei Pikuza (BLR) | **0-2**
(0-**1**, 0-**3**) | **Johan Rodriguez Banguela (CUB)** |
| **Elman Mukhtarov (AZE)** | **2-0**
(**2**–0, **5**–1) | Johan Rodriguez Banguela (CUB) |

### Group B

| Athlete | Pld | C. Points | T. Points |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Nurbek Hakkulov (UZB) | 3 | 10 | 29 |
| Shadybek Sulaimanov (KGZ) | 3 | 7 | 20 |
| Amine Boughazi (ALG) | 3 | 4 | 15 |
| Paal Eirik Gundersen (NOR) | 3 | 1 | 4 |

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Shadybek Sulaimanov (KGZ) | **0-2**
(0-**1**, 0-**3**) | **Nurbek Hakkulov (UZB)** |
| **Amine Boughazi (ALG)** | **2-0**
(**5**–1, **4**–3) | Paal Eirik Gundersen (NOR) |
| **Shadybek Sulaimanov (KGZ)** | **2-0**
(**6**–0, **1**–0) | Amine Boughazi (ALG) |
| **Nurbek Hakkulov (UZB)** | **T. Fall**
(**6**–0, **6**–0) | Paal Eirik Gundersen (NOR) |
| **Shadybek Sulaimanov (KGZ)** | **T. Fall**
(**7**–0, **6**–0) | Paal Eirik Gundersen (NOR) |
| **Nurbek Hakkulov (UZB)** | **2-0**
(**9**–4, **4**–2) | Amine Boughazi (ALG) |

## Classification

### 5th-place match

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Andrei Pikuza (BLR)** | **Fall**
(**9**–0) | Amine Boughazi (ALG) |

### Bronze-medal match

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Johan Rodriguez Banguela (CUB) | **1-2**
(**1**–0, 0-**1**, 0-**3**) | **Shadybek Sulaimanov (KGZ)** |

### Gold-medal match

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Elman Mukhtarov (AZE)** | **2-0**
(**3**–0, **4**–0) | Nurbek Hakkulov (UZB) |

## Final rankings

| Rank | Athlete |
| --- | --- |
|  | Elman Mukhtarov (AZE) |
|  | *Vacant* |
|  | ShadyKeb Sulaimanov (KGZ) |
| 4 | Johan Rodriguez Banguela (CUB) |
| 5 | Andrei Pikuza (BLR) |
| 6 | Amine Boughazi (ALG) |
| 7 | Paal Eirik Gundersen (NOR) |
| DQ | Nurbek Hakkulov (UZB) |