title: Waitangi Park

abstract: Waitangi Park is a remodelled recreational space in Te Aro, Wellington, New Zealand, that was opened in 2006. It lies near Te Papa, Former Post and Telegraph Building and Courtenay Place. The facility includes a waka-launching area, a children's playground, a skateboard zone, and a large grassy space.

text:
# Waitangi Park

**Waitangi Park** is a remodelled recreational space in Te Aro, Wellington, New Zealand, that was opened in 2006. It lies near Te Papa (the National Museum of New Zealand), Former Post and Telegraph Building and Courtenay Place. The facility includes a waka-launching area, a children's playground, a skateboard zone, and a large grassy space.

## Geography and history

The Waitangi stream formerly flowed from around Wellington Hospital in Newtown along Adelaide Road to the Basin Reserve and then along what is now Kent and Cambridge Terraces. Its outlet was the Waitangi lagoon or swamp, formed by a shingle beach which periodically gave way, causing clumps of flax and toetoe to float out into the harbour. The lagoon used to harbour eel, fish, and shellfish, and was used by Māori for food gathering, fresh water, and waka launching. Early European settlers planned to dig a canal along the stream to use what is now the Basin Reserve as a harbour, but the 1855 earthquake uplifted the land and made this impractical. The stream was piped underground instead. The wetlands in the redeveloped Waitangi Park are fed by the outflow from the Waitangi stream, now lifted from stormwater drains and caused to flow through gravel and grass as part of the park's development.

Wellingtonians formerly referred to the Waitangi Park area as Chaffers Park. Chaffers Park was created after industrial buildings on the site were demolished. Chaffers Marina adjoining the area was opened in 1993.

### Redevelopment into Waitangi Park

Wraight Athfield Landscape Architecture (WALA) won the competition held to design the park. WALA saw the design through to completion in 2005. The redevelopment of the park won a number of awards from the New Zealand Institute of Landscape Architects, the New Zealand Institute of Architects and the Wellington Civic Trust, among others.

As part of the redevelopment, on the north-east side of the park the former Herd St Post Office was developed into lifestyle-apartments and into a commercial space called Chaffers Dock Apartments.

The redeveloped park was officially opened in March 2006. The redevelopment project cost a total of $22 million.

The New Zealand Construction Industry Council (NZCIC) criticised the construction tendering process for the park, arguing that under-tendering caused problems. According to the NZCIC, the "initial tender accepted for the development at Waitangi Park was $2.1 million less than the estimated cost of the project, and at least $2.6 million below tenders from two other companies."

## Events

Numerous events have taken place at Waitangi Park, these include:

Regular events include:

* Waitangi Park Market. Fruit and vegetable market. Open hours: Sunday 7am - 12pm.
* Petanque
* Skateboarding
* Waka-launching

## Further reading

* Price, Nina (2009). *Waitangi Park: Public Land in Competition* (Thesis).

## InfoBox

| Waitangi Park | |
| --- | --- |
| Waitangi Park in March 2007. In the foreground is the Sunday market. | |
|  | |
| Location | Wellington, New Zealand |
| Coordinates | 41°17′29″S 174°47′05″E / 41.29137°S 174.78482°E / -41.29137; 174.78482 |
| Area | 6.5 ha (16 acres) |
| Created | 2006 |
| Operated by | Wellington City Council |


title: Walnut Park East, St. Louis

abstract: Walnut Park East is a neighborhood of St. Louis, Missouri. Walnut Park East is one of several neighborhoods in northwest St. Louis. Its borders are West Florissant Avenue to the northeast, Emerson Avenue to the southeast, Interstate 70 (I-70) to the southwest and west, and Riverview Boulevard to the northwest.

text:
# Walnut Park East, St. Louis

**Walnut Park East** is a neighborhood of St. Louis, Missouri. Walnut Park East is one of several neighborhoods in northwest St. Louis. Its borders are West Florissant Avenue (Calvary Cemetery) to the northeast, Emerson Avenue to the southeast, Interstate 70 (I-70) to the southwest and west, and Riverview Boulevard to the northwest.

## Education

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1990 | 7,353 |  |  |
| 2000 | 5,345 |  | −27.3% |
| 2010 | 4,130 |  | −22.7% |
| 2020 | 2,757 |  | −33.2% |
| Sources: | | | |

In 2020 Walnut Park East's racial makeup was 93.9% Black, 3.4% Two or More Races, 1.4% White, 0.1% Native American, and 0.6% Some Other Race. 1.6% of the people were of Hispanic or Latino origin.

38°41′51″N 90°15′05″W / 38.6974°N 90.2514°W / 38.6974; -90.2514

## InfoBox

| Walnut Park East | |
| --- | --- |
| Neighborhood of St. Louis | |
| View of Walnut Park East from Walnut Park, May 2018 | |
| Location (red) of Walnut Park East within St. Louis | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Missouri |
| City | St. Louis |
| Wards | , 27 |
| Area | |
| Total | 0.67 sq mi (1.7 km2) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 2,757 |
| Density | 4,100/sq mi (1,600/km2) |
| ZIP code(s) | Part of 63120 |
| Area code(s) | 314 |
| Website | stlouis-mo.gov |


title: Wabamun 133A

abstract: Wabamun 133A is a First Nations reserve in central Alberta, Canada, in Division No. 11. It is adjacent to Parkland County on the east shore of Lake Wabamun and is home to the Paul First Nation. The Summer Village of Kapasiwin, the Wabamun 133B Indian reserve, and the Hamlet of Duffield are adjacent to Wabamun 133A to the northwest, north, and east respectively.

text:
# Wabamun 133A

**Wabamun 133A** is a First Nations reserve in central Alberta, Canada, in Division No. 11. It is adjacent to Parkland County on the east shore of Lake Wabamun and is home to the Paul First Nation. The Summer Village of Kapasiwin, the Wabamun 133B Indian reserve, and the Hamlet of Duffield are adjacent to Wabamun 133A to the northwest, north, and east respectively.

## Demographics

In 2006, Wabamun 133A had a population of 1,088 living in 207 dwellings, a 9.0% increase from 2001. The Indian reserve has a land area of 62.54 km2 (24.15 sq mi) and a population density of 17.4/km2 (45/sq mi).

## InfoBox

| Wabamun 133A | |
| --- | --- |
| Indian reserve | |
| Wabamun 133ALocation of Wabamun 133A in AlbertaWabamun 133AWabamun 133A (Canada) | |
| Coordinates: 53°30′N 114°25′W / 53.500°N 114.417°W / 53.500; -114.417 | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | Alberta |
| Region | Edmonton Metropolitan Region |
| Census division | 11 |
| Government | |
| Chief | Daniel Paul |
| Governing body | Paul First Nation |
| Area | |
| Land | 62.54 km2 (24.15 sq mi) |
| Population (2006) | |
| Total | 1,088 |
| Density | 17.4/km2 (45/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC−7 (MST) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC−6 (MDT) |
| Area code(s) | 780, 587, 825, 368 |


title: Wall, Staffordshire

abstract: Wall is a small village and civil parish in Staffordshire, England, just south of Lichfield. It lies on the site of the Roman settlement of Letocetum. The parish includes the small villages of Pipehill, Hilton and Chesterfield, and the tiny hamlet of Aldershawe, which is about 1⁄2 mi (800 m) north of the village of Wall. The nearby junction of the A5 and A5127 roads and the M6 Toll motorway is often referred to as 'Wall Island'.

text:
# Wall, Staffordshire

**Wall** is a small village and civil parish in Staffordshire, England, just south of Lichfield. It lies on the site of the Roman settlement of Letocetum.

The parish includes the small villages of Pipehill, Hilton and Chesterfield, and the tiny hamlet of Aldershawe, which is about 12 mi (800 m) north of the village of Wall.

The nearby junction of the A5 and A5127 roads and the M6 Toll motorway is often referred to as 'Wall Island'.

## History

### Letocetum

The earliest evidence of settlement in Wall is the discovery of flints dating to the Neolithic period found in the upper part of Wall village. The first detailed evidence of human settlement comes in the 1st century. A Roman fort named *Etocetum* (reflecting an indigenous name reconstructed as **Lētocaiton* or "Greywood") was established at Wall in or soon after AD 50 to accommodate Legio XIV, then advancing towards Wales.

A fort was certainly built in the upper area of the village near to the present church in 50s or 60s and Watling Street was constructed to the south in the 70s. A bath house and mansio was built on the lower ground south west of the fort in the late 1st century for use by its soldiers. It was later used by the inhabitants of a civilian settlement which grew up around Watling Street.

In the 2nd century the settlement covered approximately 30 acres (12 ha) west of the later Wall Lane. By the 1st or 2nd century there was a burial area beyond the western end of the settlement. The settlement was mentioned in the Antonine Itinerary.

In the late 3rd or early 4th century the eastern part of the settlement of approximately 6 acres (2.4 ha), between the present Wall Lane and Green Lane and straddling Watling Street, was enclosed with a stone wall surrounded by an earth rampart and ditches. Civilians continued to live inside the settlement and on its outskirts in the late 4th century. The settlement appears to have declined rapidly soon after the Romans left Britain in AD 410 and the focus of settlement shifted to Lichfield. Despite this shift of population, David Ford identifies the community as the Cair Luit Coyd ("Fort Grey Woods") listed by Nennius among the 28 cities of Britain in his *History of the Britains*.

### Modern Wall

Development of Wall since the Romans has been slow, and it has never developed beyond a small village. The earliest medieval settlement may have been on the higher ground. Wall House on Green Lane, although dating from the 18th century, is probably on the site of the medieval manor house. Wall Hall to the south also dates from the mid 18th century but replaced a house which existed in the 17th century. By the late 18th century several dwellings were built on Watling Street west of Manor Farm and formed the lower part of the village.

In 1839 the church was built, and in 1843 was consecrated as the Church of England parish church of St John. The architects were George Gilbert Scott and William Moffatt. The church consists of a nave, a chancel and a west steeple. The steeple has a three-stage tower with diagonal buttresses and a west door; it is square at the base, rises to become octagonal, and is surmounted by a spire with lucarnes. The east window has three lights and is in Perpendicular style.

The Trooper Inn existed by 1851. In the 1950s ten council houses were built on a road called The Butts. The re-routing of the A5 around Wall in 1965 relieved the village of traffic, re-establishing its quiet nature.

## Geography

**Topography**

The upper part of Wall village lies at an elevation of 114 m on the edge of a plateau; the lower part to the south of Watling Street lies 16 m lower. At Aldershawe the land lies at 130 m, and it is the same level at Pipehill and Muckley Corner.

**Geology**

The north of the parish including Pipehill, Aldershawe and east parts of Wall are underlain with Bromsgrove Sandstone. The south of the parish including west Wall, Hilton and Chesterfield are underlain by Wildmoor Sandstone. A narrow gravel terrace runs north west from Wall to a point south of Pipehill where it merges into an area of Boulder Clay. South of Wall glaciofluvial deposits overlie the area including, Hilton and Chesterfield.

**Hydrology**

Black brook runs below the gravel terrace west of Wall. Crane brook runs through Hilton and Chesterfield and is the source for Hilton's main street name of 'Cranebrook Lane'. A spring south of Pipe Grange feeds a stream which flows east to Leamonsley Brook. A spring rising in Aldershawe was used for centuries as the source for drinking water for the city of Lichfield. Conduits were dug from Aldershawe to Lichfield where they supplied water from various conduits around the city.

## InfoBox

| Wall | |
| --- | --- |
| St John's Church in the 19th century | |
| WallLocation within Staffordshire | |
| Population | 433 (2011) |
| OS grid reference | SK103070 |
| Civil parish | * Wall |
| District |  |
| Shire county |  |
| Region |  |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | Lichfield |
| Postcode district | WS14 |
| Dialling code | 01543 |
|  | |
| Police | Staffordshire |
| Fire | Staffordshire |
| Ambulance | West Midlands |
|  | |
| UK Parliament |  |
|


title: Walter Ancker

abstract: Walter Ancker was an American professional baseball player who played one season in Major League Baseball (MLB), with the Philadelphia Athletics in 1915.

text:
# Walter Ancker

**Walter Ancker** (April 10, 1893 – February 13, 1954) was an American professional baseball player who played one season in Major League Baseball (MLB), with the Philadelphia Athletics in 1915.

## Baseball career

Ancker pitched at the amateur level for the Tenafly Base Ball Club of Tenafly, New Jersey. In mid-August 1915, he was signed to a professional baseball contract by Connie Mack of the Philadelphia Athletics.

Ancker made his professional debut with the Athletics on September 3, 1915, having gone directly from amateur baseball to the major leagues. In his only major-league season, Ancker had a 0–0 record with a 3.57 earned run average (ERA) in four games (one start).

Ancker did not play in MLB after 1915, but he did played in Minor League Baseball, with the Binghamton Bingoes during 1917 and 1919. Records of the era are incomplete, but he appeared in at least 30 games during 1917 and two games in 1919.

## Personal life

Ancker was born on April 10, 1893, in New York City to Edwin and Ancker and Augusta Goetger. After his retirement from professional baseball, Ancker worked on the Board of Chosen Freeholders of Bergen County, New Jersey. He was married to Viola Ancker, who survived him after his death on February 13, 1954.

## InfoBox

| Walter Ancker | |
| --- | --- |
| **Pitcher** | |
| **Born:** (1893-05-10)May 10, 1893
New York, New York, U.S. | |
| **Died:** February 13, 1954(1954-02-13) (aged 60)
Englewood, New Jersey, U.S. | |
| **Batted:** Right**Threw:** Right | |
| MLB debut | |
| September 3, 1915, for the Philadelphia Athletics | |
| Last MLB appearance | |
| September 14, 1915, for the Philadelphia Athletics | |
| MLB statistics | |
| Win–loss record | 0–0 |
| Earned run average | 3.57 |
| Strikeouts | 4 |
|  | |
| Teams | |
|  | |


title: Walter Amtrup

abstract: Walter Otto Hugo Karl Amtrup was a German actor, film dubber, opera singer (bass), and acting teacher.

text:
# Walter Amtrup

**Walter Otto Hugo Karl Amtrup** (15 March 1904 – 7 August 1974) was a German actor, film dubber, opera singer (bass), and acting teacher.

## Early life and education

Walter Amtrup was born in Altona, Hamburg as the son of a state court judge. He attended the gymnasium in Lüneburg and, following his *Abitur* graduation, enrolled at the Berlin University of the Arts where he was educated as an opera singer and a stage actor from 1925 until 1931.

## Opera and acting career

Amtrup made his professional opera debut in 1932 at the Landestheater Altenburg. This was followed by many appearances in Meißen, Neisse, Wilhelmshaven, Hanau, Bunzlau, at the *Staatstheater Schwerin* (state theater of Mecklenburg) and until the end of the Second World War at the municipal *Städtische Bühnen* in Chemnitz.

## German Democratic Republic

Ten years after the End of World War II the Amtrup family moved to Central Germany in 1955, where Amtrup was employed as a character actor by the Städtische Bühnen Erfurt. In 1966 he was booked by the Meiningen Court Theatre, where his artistic career ended 1969.

## Family

Walter Amtrup was married to former opera singer Johanna Amtrup, née Kieling. The couple had three children: Karin (born 1936), Turid (born 1943), and Niels-Torsten (born 1951). The German marine biologist and dolphin research scientist Karsten Brensing is Walter Amtrup’s grandson.

## Artistic career

### Education and engagements

* 1925–1931: Education at the Berlin University of the Arts, specializing in drama/opera
* 1932–1933: Landestheater Altenburg
* 1933: Stadttheater Meißen
* 1934: Stadttheater Neiße
* 1935: Neues Schauspielhaus der Jadestädte, Wilhelmshaven
* 1936: Stadttheater Hanau
* 1937–1941: Staatstheater Schwerin
* 1941–1945: Städtische Bühnen Chemnitz
* 1947–1951: Städtische Bühnen Flensburg
* 1955–1966: Städtische Bühnen Erfurt
* 1966–1969: Meininger Theater

### Roles

#### Theater

Theater Altenburg  * 1931: UB 16 (Wireless Operator)
* 1931: Die Wundertannen am Wurzel (Wassermann)
* 1932: Manon Lescaut (innkeeper)

Theater Meißen * 1933: Jagd ihn – ein Mensch (Bless-Karle)

Theater Neiße * 1933: Schlageter (Schlageter)
* 1933: Doktor und Apotheker (pharmacist Stößel)
* 1933: UB 16 (Helmsman)
* 1933: Der Mann mit den grauen Schläfen (Baron Jaro Milanovici)
* 1934: Die große Chance
* 1934: Don Cesar (Specialised Minister of Intrigue)

Theater Wilhelmshaven * 1934: Alle gegen Einen – Einer gegen Alle (Wasa)
* 1934: Christa, ich erwarte Dich (Hans Tettenborn)
* 1934: Minna von Barnhelm (Major von Tellheim)
* 1934: Des Meeres und der Liebe Wellen (Naukleros)
* 1935: Das Frühstück zu Rudolstadt (Duke of Alba)
* 1935: Anna Kronthaler (Gaenswürger)
* 1935: Das Wunderwasser (Adam Schrott)
* 1935: Don Carlos (Marquis Posa)

Theater Hanau * 1935: Peer Gynt (Peer Gynt)
* 1935: Am Himmel Europas
* 1936: Die Insel (Commercial Attaché Raaz)

Theater Bunzlau * 1936: Vertrag am Karakat (Risa Khan)

Schweriner Theater * ?: Der Thron zwischen Erdteilen (Borkdorf/Sollikow; dual role)
* 1937: Prinz Friedrich von Homburg (Count of Hohenzollern)
* 1938: De adlige Rosenblome (Earl Hinrich von der Bröderborg)
* 1939: Der andere Feldherr

Theater Chemnitz * 1941: Liebeskomödie
* 1941: Maria Stuart (Melvil)
* 1942: Der Leutnant Vary (auditeur)
* 1942: Ein Windstoß (Chief Appellate Judge)
* 1942: Die große Kurve (Dr. Timm)
* 1942: Die Braut von Messina (Drege)
* 1942: Donna Diana (Diana’s father Don Diego)
* 1943: Not Gottes (Monk Severin)
* 1943: Ihr Talisman (Tsing)
* 1943: Die Medaille (farmer Merkl)
* 1944: Die Piccolomini (Count of Terzky)
* 1944: Onkel Bonaparte (Lawyer Montklupo)

Theater Flensburg * 1947: Ein Inspektor kommt (Inspector Goole)
* 1947: Pinkepank (mayor)
* 1948: Des Teufels General (Chief Inspector Oderbruch)
* 1948: Nathan der Weise (Nathan)
* 1948: Egmont (grocer Soest)
* 1948: Der Freischütz (Samiel, the black hunter)
* 1948: Die erste Frau Selby (Philip Logan)
* 1948: Wie es euch gefällt (Charles, a wrestler)
* 1948: Romeo und Julia (Lord Capulet)
* 1948: Der fröhliche Weinberg (Mr. Rindsfuß)
* 1948: Draußen vor der Tür (Colonel)
* 1948: Der Geizige (magistrate)
* 1948: Der gestiefelte Kater (wizard Hudriwudri)
* 1948: Der Kreidekreis (drudge)
* 1948: Dreigroschenoper (Police Chief Brown)
* 1948: Nebel (Lieutenant Schubert, detective)
* 1948: Lady Windermeres Fächer (butler Parker)
* 1948: Jeppe vom Berge (Jakob Schuster)
* 1948: Hamlet (Claudius – King of Denmark, Hamlet’s uncle)
* 1948: Aschenbrödel (Lord Stewart Grasemück)
* 1948: Wenn der Schnee schmilzt (Wlad)
* 1949: Der Lügner und die Nonne (butler Petrops)
* 1949: Weiße Fracht (missionary)
* 1949: Der Patriot (Aide-de-camp Murawiew)
* 1949: Die kluge Verliebte (Cavalry Captain Bernardo)
* 1949: Don Karlos (Duke of Medina Sidonia, Admiral)
* 1949: Ein Spiel von Tod und Liebe (Jérom Courvoisier)
* 1950: Die Wildente (Mr. Flor)
* 1950: Der Tausch (Thomas Pollok Nagevire, broker)
* 1950: Robert Guiskard (old man)
* 1950: Einmann (chairman) \[premiere\]
* 1950: Hund im Hirn (professor)
* 1950: Jedermann (a poor neighbour)
* 1951: Wilhelm Tell (Werner Freiherr von Attinghausen)
* 1951: Und Pippa tanzt (stained-glass artist Scheidler)
* 1951: Das tapfere Schneiderlein (warlock)
* 1951: Ein Sommernachtstraum (Egeus)
* ?: Saison in Salzburg (Christian Dahlmann)
* ?: Menschen in Weiß (Dr. Clayton)
* ?: Im weißen Rößl (Franz Joseph, emperor of Austria-Hungary)
* ?: Ihr 106. Geburtstag (Monsignore Mouret, bishop)
* ?: Ballade am Strom (Büchler, boatman)
* ?: Pygmalion (Colonel Pickering)
* ?: Die Nachtigall (Grand Vizier)
* ?: Barbara Blomberg (Duke of Alba)
* ?: Die schmutzigen Hände (Karsky)
* ?: Frau im Hermelin (Stojahn)

Städtische Bühnen Erfurt * 1955: Wallenstein (Wallenstein)
* 1956: Hamlet (ghost of Hamlet’s father)
* 1956: Die Lützower
* 1956: Aufruhr in Buchara (Sultan)
* 1956: Maria Stuart (Earl of Shrewsbury)
* 1957: Der Widerspenstigen Zähmung (Vincentio)
* 1957: König Lear (Earl of Gloster)
* 1957: Der kaukasische Kreidekreis (gouverneur)
* ?: Ende gut, alles gut (Lafeu, an old nobleman)
* 1958: Das Tagebuch der Anne Frank (Otto Frank)
* 1958: Schweyk im Zweiten Weltkrieg (Hitler)
* 1958: Götz von Berlichingen (Emperor Maximilian)
* 1958: Die Brücke
* 1958: Das Märchen (Mr. Charly)
* 1958: Kaution (Dr. Fuller)
* 1958: Die Schatzinsel (father)
* 1958: Auf jeden Fall verdächtig (englishman)
* 1959: Kredit bei Nibelungen (General Fabiani)
* 1959: Was ihr wollt (Orsino)
* 1959: Die Niederlage (banker de Bleusse)
* 1959: 15 Schnüre Geld
* 1959: Julius Caesar (Caesar)
* 1959: Der Revisor (superintendent of schools Chlopow)
* 1959: Wilhelm Tell (Attinghaus)
* 1959: Winterschlacht (Lieutenant-Colonel v. Quabbe)
* 1960: *Antigone* (Theresias) \[at the Erfurter Domstufen\]
* 1960: Die Weber (the old Hilse)
* 1961: Das Leben des Galilei (Sagredo)
* 1961: Richard III. (Lord Hastings)
* 1961: Irkutsker Geschichten
* 1961: Die Jungfrau von Orleans (La Hire, Royal Officer) \[at the Erfurter Domstufen\]
* 1961: Die Stärkeren (Engineer)
* 1961: Optimistische Tragödie (1. presbyter)
* 1961: Eine kleine Traumfabrik
* 1961: Und das am Heiligabend (the other father)
* 1962: Vor Sonnenuntergang (Privy Counsellor Matthias Clausen)
* 1962: Urfaust \[auf den Domstufen\]
* 1962: Ein idealer Gatte (Earl of Caversham)
* 1962: Die Holländerbraut
* 1963: Der Heiratsschwindler (Andersch)
* 1963: Egmont (Duke of Alba) \[at the Erfurter Domstufen\]
* 1963: Parkstraße 13 (Dr. Elken)
* 1963: Das 11. Gebot (confectioner)
* 1963: Macbeth (Duncan)
* 1964: Krieg und Frieden (doctor)
* 1964: Romeo und Julia (Brother Lorenzo) \[at the Erfurter Domstufen\]
* 1964: Das Untier von Samarkant (indian merchant Shalakandavra)
* 1964: Prof. Hudebrauch (Guttler)
* 1964: Peter und der Wolf (narrator)
* 1964: Die Räuber (Count of Moor)
* 1965: Mutter Courage und ihre Kinder (soldier)
* 1965: Unterwegs (father)
* 1965: Komödie der Irrungen (Aegon)
* 1965: Die Geier der Helen Turner (Captain Brixon)
* 1965: Nathan der Weise (Nathan)
* 1966: Der Besuch der alten Dame (butler)

Meininger Theater (excerpts)

#### Film and television

Actor * 1957: Polonia-Express
* 1959: Der Spekulant (TV)
* 1960: Die Hunde bellen nicht mehr (TV)

Film dubber * 1958: Kassendiebe – as Bocek (Czechoslovakian Film)
* 1958: Testpiloten – as Anufrijew (Mosfilm)
* 1959: Die Erfindung des Verderbens – as Graf Artigas (Czechoslovakian Film)
* 1959: Die letzte Chance (Italian Film)
* 1960: Tierfänger – as animal catcher – not mentioned by name (Soviet Film)
* 1961: Das schwarze Gesicht – not mentioned by name (Hungarian Film)

## InfoBox

| Walter Amtrup | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | Walter Otto Hugo Karl Amtrup
15 March 1904
Hamburg, German Empire |
| Died | 7 August 1974 (aged 70)
Erfurt, East Germany |


title: Wallace Fessenden

abstract: Wallace Clifton Fessenden was an American 19th-century Major League Baseball manager with the Syracuse Stars in 1890 of the American Association. He briefly managed the Stars to a record of 4–7, while filling in for George Frazier. He also briefly was a player/manager for the Lynn team in the Massachusetts State Association in 1884 and the Manager for Salem of the New England League in 1888. Fessenden also umpired in the National League in 1889 and 1890. He umpired 53 games total.

text:
# Wallace Fessenden

**Wallace Clifton Fessenden** (October 5, 1860 – May 16, 1935) was an American 19th-century Major League Baseball manager with the Syracuse Stars in 1890 of the American Association. He briefly managed the Stars to a record of 4–7, while filling in for George Frazier. He also briefly was a player/manager for the Lynn team in the Massachusetts State Association in 1884 and the Manager for Salem of the New England League in 1888.

Fessenden also umpired in the National League in 1889 and 1890. He umpired 53 games total.

## InfoBox

| Wallace Fessenden | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| **Manager** | |
| **Born:** (1860-10-05)October 5, 1860
Windham, New Hampshire, U.S. | |
| **Died:** May 16, 1935(1935-05-16) (aged 74)
Brooklyn, New York, U.S. | |
| **Batted:** Unknown**Threw:** Unknown | |
| MLB statistics | |
| Managerial record | 4–7 |
| Games | 11 |
| Winning percentage | .364 |
|  | |
| Teams | |
|  | |


title: Wade in the Water (film)

abstract: Wade in the Water is a 2019 American drama film directed by Mark Wilson, his directorial debut, written by Chris Retts, and starring Tom E. Nicholson and Danika Golombek. The plot revolves around a man whose solitary life is interrupted when he receives a neighbor's package bearing a horrifying secret.

text:
# Wade in the Water (film)

***Wade in the Water*** is a 2019 American drama film directed by Mark Wilson, his directorial debut, written by Chris Retts, and starring Tom E. Nicholson and Danika Golombek. The plot revolves around a man whose solitary life is interrupted when he receives a neighbor's package bearing a horrifying secret.

## Plot

Sure, our man has a name, but he never gives it. He works from home. His neighbors are all idiots. He doesn't really "do" friends. But all that changes when a mis-delivered package arrives in his post office box bearing a horrifying secret—one that will set him on a collision course with a predator, the man's disillusioned daughter, and his own dark past.

## Cast

* Tom E. Nicholson as Our Man
* Danika Golombek as Tilly Anderton
* Samuel Whitehill as William Anderton
* John Clark as Our Man's Father
* Kevin McKim as Paul Guisek
* Jeremiah Jahi as Police Officer
* Elisabeth Granli as Elizabeth Anderton
* Jacob Boyd as Mailbox Clerk
* Sheila Mears as Therapist
* Jason Sutton as Gun Salesman
* Zachary Cowan as Timothy Guisek
* Matthew Daniger as Chef Burger Owner
* Laura Grimaldi as Debbie Guisek
* Robin Boyd as News Radio Reporter 1
* Paul Chung as Uber Driver

## Reception

Stephen King praised the movie on his Twitter account saying;

> "WADE IN THE WATER (Amazon Prime): No big FX, no expensive sets, but two pretty exceptional performances. It's a little movie with a big heart." - Stephen King

## InfoBox

| Wade in the Water | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Mark Wilson |
| Screenplay by | Chris Retts |
| Produced by |  |
| Starring |

 |
| Cinematography | Thomas Rose |
| Edited by |  |
| Music by | Jacob Boyd |
| Distributed by | Indie Rights |
| Release dates | * February 16, 2019 (2019-02-16) (Hollywood Reel Independent Film Festival) * August 21, 2020 (2020-08-21) (Streaming) |
| Running time | 88 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: Wade Woodworth

abstract: Wade Stowell "Red" Woodworth was an American football player and coach. He served as the head football coach at the University of Cincinnati for the final five games of the 1937 season. Woodworth played college football at Northwestern University as a guard. On May 9, 1931, he won the fourth annual Albany to New York water marathon, an outboard motor race. Woodworth signed a contract with the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League (NFL) to play professional football, but withdrew from the agreement to begin his coaching career an assistant coach at Cincinnati in the fall of 1931. Woodworth owned a midget car racing stable and was in the fish transportation business before returning to Cincinnati as line coach in 1937.

text:
# Wade Woodworth

**Wade Stowell "Red" Woodworth** (August 23, 1905 – June 29, 1992) was an American football player and coach. He served as the head football coach at the University of Cincinnati for the final five games of the 1937 season.

Woodworth played college football at Northwestern University as a guard. On May 9, 1931, he won the fourth annual Albany to New York water marathon, an outboard motor race. Woodworth signed a contract with the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League (NFL) to play professional football, but withdrew from the agreement to begin his coaching career an assistant coach at Cincinnati in the fall of 1931. Woodworth owned a midget car racing stable and was in the fish transportation business before returning to Cincinnati as line coach in 1937.

## Head coaching record

### College

| Year | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing | Bowl/playoffs |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Cincinnati Bearcats** *(Buckeye Athletic Association)* (1937) | | | | | | | | |
| 1937 | Cincinnati | 0–5 |  |  |  |
| **Cincinnati:** | | 0–5 |  |  | | | | |
| **Total:** | | 0–5 |  | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

Wade Woodworth
| Woodworth pictured in *The Cincinnatian 1938*, Cincinnati yearbook | |
| --- | --- |
| Biographical details | |
| Born | (1905-08-23)August 23, 1905
Providence, Rhode Island, U.S. |
| Died | June 29, 1992(1992-06-29) (aged 86)
Volusia County, Florida, U.S. |
| Playing career | |
| 1928–1930 | Northwestern |
|  | |
| Position(s) | Guard |
| Coaching career (HC unless noted) | |
| 1931–1932 | Cincinnati (line) |
| 1933–1934 | Morgan Park HS (IL) |
| 1937 | Cincinnati (line) |
| 1937 | Cincinnati |
|  | |
| Head coaching record | |
| Overall | 0–5 (college) |
| Accomplishments and honors | |
| Awards | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Vinu Abraham

abstract:
Vinu Abraham, is an Indian short story writer, novelist, script writer and media person writing in Malayalam language hailing from Nedungadappally, near Thiruvalla in Pathanamtitta district of the south Indian state of Kerala. For the past 30 years he is based in Thiruvananthapuram, the capital city of Kerala. His short stories and articles appear regularly in Malayalam periodicals in Kerala. He has published 23 books so far and penned screenplays for 7 Films.
‘Nashtanayika', his most famous novel depicts the saga of the tragic life of Malayalam cinema’s first heroine P.K.Rosy and the making of the first Malayalam cinema ‘Vigatha Kumaran’. The famous Malayalam film celluloid directed by Kamal starring Pritviraj, Mamtha and Chandni is the adaptation of ‘Nashtanaayika’. He scripted Parudeesa which won the prize for ‘Best Dramatic Editing’ at Amsterdam International Film Festival. The movie also won for best screenplay at Mexico International Film Festival.

text:
# Vinu Abraham

**Vinu Abraham**, is an Indian short story writer, novelist, script writer and media person writing in Malayalam language hailing from Nedungadappally, near Thiruvalla in Pathanamtitta district of the south Indian state of Kerala. For the past 30 years he is based in Thiruvananthapuram, the capital city of Kerala. His short stories and articles appear regularly in Malayalam periodicals in Kerala. He has published 23 books so far and penned screenplays for 7 Films.

‘Nashtanayika', his most famous novel depicts the saga of the tragic life of Malayalam cinema’s first heroine P.K.Rosy and the making of the first Malayalam cinema ‘Vigatha Kumaran’. The famous Malayalam film celluloid directed by Kamal starring Pritviraj, Mamtha and Chandni is the adaptation of ‘Nashtanaayika’.

He scripted Parudeesa which won the prize for ‘Best Dramatic Editing’ at Amsterdam International Film Festival. The movie also won for best screenplay at Mexico International Film Festival.

1. Nagarajan, Saraswathy (11 October 2012). "Flashback in tinsel town". *The Hindu*. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 14 September 2017.
2. Nagarajan, Saraswathy (5 June 2013). "Vindication of faith". *The Hindu*. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 14 September 2017.

## InfoBox

| Vinu Abraham | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | Nedungadappally |
| Language | Malayalam |
| Nationality | Indian |
| Notable works | Nashtanayika |
| Notable awards | State Bank of Travancore best short story award, best screenplay award at Mexico International Film Festival |
| Spouse | Suja |
| Children | Bhuvan , Rain |


title: Salutaguse, Lääne-Viru County

abstract: Salutaguse is a village in Vinni Parish, Lääne-Viru County, in northeastern Estonia. Between 1992 and 2017 the village was located in Laekvere Parish.

text:
# Salutaguse, Lääne-Viru County

**Salutaguse** is a village in Vinni Parish, Lääne-Viru County, in northeastern Estonia. Between 1992 and 2017 (until the administrative reform of Estonian municipalities) the village was located in Laekvere Parish.

59°03′26″N 26°33′53″E / 59.05722°N 26.56472°E / 59.05722; 26.56472

## InfoBox

| Salutaguse | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Country | Estonia |
| County | Lääne-Viru County |
| Parish | Vinni Parish |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |


title: Nandita Kumar

abstract: Nandita Kumar is a New Zealand new media artist. Her artwork often explores climate change, contradictions between natural and industrial landscapes, and personal identities and makes use of technological and interactive elements.

text:
# Nandita Kumar

**Nandita Kumar** (born 1981) is a New Zealand new media artist. Her artwork often explores climate change, contradictions between natural and industrial landscapes, and personal identities and makes use of technological and interactive elements.

## Personal life and education

Nandita Kumar was born in 1981 in Pamplemousses, Mauritius. She grew up in different locations in India, never staying in the same place for long. Kumar was interested in art from an early age. In her youth, her father introduced her to the work of Malcolm de Chazal, and they sat and painted together. Kumar's family migrated from India to New Zealand.

Kumar initially worked as a programmer before pursuing a career in art. She holds Bachelors of Fine Arts from both the Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda in India and the Elam School of Fine Arts of the University of Auckland in New Zealand. From 2006 to 2009 she studied at the California Institute of the Arts (CalArts) in the United States, from which she holds a Master of Fine Arts in Experimental Animation and Filmmaking.

Kumar alternates between being based in Auckland, New Zealand and in Mumbai or Goa, India.

## Career

Kumar's artwork is often focused on climate change, contradictions between natural and industrial landscapes and personal identities. Her installations combine art with technology, environmental science and interactive elements to make information on climate change accessible. Technological elements that have been used in her art includes motherboards, smartphone apps, sound, animation, video, and microwave and solar sensors. In addition to complex art installations, Kumar also creates animations, paintings, and interactive sculptures, integrating different media techniques and technologies.

Kumar's work has been displayed at film festivals and art exhibitions worldwide. In 2009, Kumar curated the experimental film section of the festival SPIEL09 in Austria. She had her first own art exhibition in 2010, *Let the Brain Fly*, which included 25 works all related to "travelling along the nodes of a brain". In 2011–2012, Kumar curated the community art project *Ghar Pe/At Home* in Hong Kong. Her artwork has been featured in group exhibitions such as *Exo-Evolution* at the Center for Art and Media in Karlsruhe in 2015, *ARS17: Hello world!* at Kiasma in Helsinki in 2017, and *Delirium/Equilibrium* at the Kiran Nadar Museum of Art in New Delhi in 2018. She was one of the artists exhibiting work at the India Art Fair in New Delhi in 2015. Kumar's art piece at the fair, a machine that mimicked the handwriting of visitors, garnered much attention.

Kumar has spoken at TEDx and at the Museum of Contemporary Art in Sydney.

## Recognition

Kumar's short film *Birth of a Brain Fly* won an award for "Best Original Music" at the 2008 Cinema Mundo festival in Brazil. The film was also included on the "Best of Sydney Underground" DVD released after the 2009 Sydney Underground Film Festival. In 2014, Kumar was a nominee for a New Technological Art Award (NTAA), the first person from India to be nominated for the award. In 2022, she was among nineteen "outstanding practitioners in the fields of visual arts, film, literature, and music" selected as a fellow of the DAAD Artists-in-Berlin Program. Kumar was among numerous "ecologically conscious" contemporary artists highlighted by art critics Maja and Reuben Fowkes in their 2022 book *Art and Climate Change*.

1. "Nandita Kumar". *Space118*. 7 April 2011. Retrieved 19 August 2022.
2. "Nandita Kumar". *Galerie Felix Frachon* (in French). Retrieved 19 August 2022.
3. Article on Nandita Kumar in *Vogue* (August 2012), accessible at Kumar's website
4. Interview with Nandita Kumar in *En Mode* (September 2012), accessible at Kumar's website
5. "Using art to democratise environment data". *Outlook India*. 29 June 2022. Retrieved 19 August 2022.
6. "Nandita Kumar – Media Art South Asia". Retrieved 21 August 2022.
7. Westman, Nancy (22 December 2017). "Självständig finländsk konst". *Opulens* (in Swedish). Retrieved 21 August 2022.
8. Kumar, Nandita (25 May 2015) "LetTtHe bRAinFly", Lakeeren Gallery
9. Graver, David (21 March 2016). "Female Artists at the 10th Annual Art Dubai". *Cool Hunting*. Retrieved 19 August 2022.
10. Sanyal, Amitava (5 December 2010). "Beyond Anish". *Hindustan Times*. Retrieved 21 August 2022.
11. "Nandita Kumar – Berliner Künstlerprogramm des DAAD". *www.berliner-kuenstlerprogramm.de*. Retrieved 19 August 2022.
12. "Nandita Kumar". *Latitude 28*. Retrieved 21 August 2022.
13. "Nandita Kumar | Biography". *MutualArt*. Retrieved 21 August 2022.
14. "India Art Fair in New Delhi draws art-hungry middle class". *Euronews*. 5 February 2012. Retrieved 21 August 2022.
15. "Nominees for New Technological Art Award 2014/Update\_5 – Announcements – e-flux". *www.e-flux.com*. Retrieved 19 August 2022.
16. Article on Nandita Kumar in *Bazaar* (2014), accessible at Kumar's website
17. "DAAD Artists-in-Berlin 2022 fellows – Announcements – e-flux". *www.e-flux.com*. 15 January 2022. Retrieved 19 August 2022.
18. Fowkes, Maja; Fowkes, Reuben (2022). "Self-Management of Plants". *Art and Climate Change*. Thames & Hudson. ISBN 978-0-500-77784-8.

## InfoBox

| Nandita Kumar | |
| --- | --- |
| Kumar in 2017 | |
| Born | 1981 (age 4243)
Pamplemousses, Mauritius |
| Nationality | Indian |
| Education | Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda
Elam School of Fine Arts
California Institute of the Arts |
| Movement | New media art |
| Website | nanditakumar.com |


title: The Blue Bird (1976 film)

abstract: The Blue Bird is a 1976 American-Soviet children's fantasy film directed by George Cukor. The screenplay by Hugh Whitemore, Alfred Hayes, and Aleksei Kapler is based on the 1908 play L'Oiseau bleu by Maurice Maeterlinck. It was the fifth screen adaptation of the play, following two silent films, the studio's 1940 version starring Shirley Temple, and a 1970 animated feature. It was famous as one of the few cinematic co-productions between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War. However, unlike prior adaptations, the film received little-to-no critical praise and was a flop at the box office.

text:
# The Blue Bird (1976 film)

***The Blue Bird*** is a 1976 American-Soviet children's fantasy film directed by George Cukor. The screenplay by Hugh Whitemore, Alfred Hayes, and Aleksei Kapler is based on the 1908 play *L'Oiseau bleu* by Maurice Maeterlinck. It was the fifth screen adaptation of the play, following two silent films, the studio's 1940 version starring Shirley Temple, and a 1970 animated feature. It was famous as one of the few cinematic co-productions between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War. However, unlike prior adaptations, the film received little-to-no critical praise and was a flop at the box office.

## Plot

Mytyl and her brother Tyltyl are peasant children who are led on a quest for the Blue Bird of Happiness by the Queen of Light. She gives them a hat with a magic diamond that allows them to call forth the souls of all things, both living and inanimate.

On their journey, they are accompanied by the human personifications of a dog, a cat, water, sugar, bread, milk, and fire. They visit the kingdoms of the past and future and the queendoms of night and luxury, absorbing more wisdom at each place. Eventually, they discover that the blue bird they have been seeking has been in their own backyard all along.

## Cast

## Production

Edward Lewis optioned the film rights to *The Blue Bird* in 1968 and worked with Tower International to try to secure a co-production with the Soviet Union through a cultural exchange program in the United Kingdom. In 1974, Lewis reached an agreement with Lenfilm to create an international co-production co-written by Alfred Hayes and Aleksei Kapler. Lewis initially hired Arthur Penn to direct, but Soviet authorities deemed him "too liberal" and as a compromise George Cukor was hired as a "non-political" American director. Lewis convinced the Soviet studios to co-produce the film with the promise that Marlon Brando would be cast in a role, but this never materialized. Katharine Hepburn and Shirley MacLaine initially were signed to star, but both dropped out of the production before shooting began. Taylor approached David Bowie to star in the film but he turned it down.

The film was shot on location in Moscow and Leningrad. At times, both work and living conditions bordered on the primitive, and the non-Russian cast found it difficult to cope with the severe weather and mostly inedible food. James Coco, originally cast as Tylo, could digest only bread and butter and eventually suffered a gall bladder attack that necessitated his being replaced, and Elizabeth Taylor dealt with amoebic dysentery throughout filming. After viewing her appearance in the first week's dailies, Taylor flew to London and demanded that the director of cinematography Jonas Gricius, a Soviet Lithuanian cinematographer who was inexperienced in shooting with color film, be replaced. All of Taylor's scenes were reshot in post-production. Gricius became a member of the second unit crew while Freddie Young became the cinematographer. Communication between the English and Russian-speaking crews was nearly impossible, and George Cukor frequently resorted to sign language in a feeble effort to make himself understood. According to Cukor, Jane Fonda "was grim when she arrived but soon relaxed." He encountered more difficulties with Cicely Tyson, whom he accused of trying to jinx the production by casting voodoo spells on the set. When these issues caused the production to be delayed by a month, 20th Century Fox replaced Lewis with Paul Maslansky, who had experiences filming in the Soviet Union from *The Red Tent* and spoke Russian, as producer. Principal photography took place from January 20 to August 11, 1975. Taylor spent $8,000 buying additional costumes for her roles.

## Critical reception

The film premiered at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington D.C., on May 5, 1976.

Vincent Canby of *The New York Times* described the film as "two films that want to compete but don't, everyone being polite, accepting compromise, effectively neutered. One of these films is blandly American, like the sort of processed cheese sold in jars that can later be used as water glasses. The other is dimly Russian but without any real Russian character, except for the sets, which aren't great. They look like stuff left over from the Bolshoi Opera's last road tour...Spectacle for spectacle's sake no longer is the rage in this country. It can still work sometimes if it's put on a large patch of ice, but the romantic notions that motivate *The Blue Bird* are enough to send most American children, to say nothing of the ancients who may accompany them to the film, into antisocial states beginning with catatonia and ending in armed rebellion...Mr. Cukor...seems to have had less chance to direct in this case than to act as the goodwill ambassador who got his actors on and off the sets on time...None of the English-speaking actors can do much but behave as if he was in a very unlikely pageant...The Soviet cast members, who speak in badly dubbed English, are no better except when they are given a chance to dance."

*Variety* wrote "Nobody's going to laugh in ridicule at any of it (it's that good) but nobody's going to be strongly moved (it's that bad)."

*Time Out New York* called the film "a desperately pedestrian, hideously glitzy version of Maeterlinck's delicate fantasy" and added, "You'd never believe in a month of Sundays that Cukor directed it."

Gene Siskel of the *Chicago Tribune* gave the film one star out of four and said that its production problems "show on the screen. Elizabeth Taylor has never looked uglier than she does portraying the spirit of light. She wears a '50s-spangled gown topped by a lava-like tiara. The Russians in the cast appear as interlopers, their speeches badly dubbed. The two starring children are as disingenuous as most movie children. Artistically grotesque moments abound. The film couldn't have its heart in a more right place, but what's up on the screen make this "The Blue Bird" one of unhappiness."

## Awards and nominations

The film was nominated for the Saturn Award for Best Fantasy Film but lost to *The Holes*.

* *The Blue Bird*, a 1940 children's film, also released by 20th Century Fox and also based on Maurice Maeterlinck's play.

## Works cited

## InfoBox

| The Blue Bird | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical film poster | |
| Directed by | George Cukor |
| Written by | Aleksei Kapler
Lyrics by Tony Harrison |
| Screenplay by | Hugh Whitemore
Alfred Hayes |
| Story by | Irina Golovanj
Irina Tarsanova |
| Based on | *The Blue Bird*
1908 play
by Maurice Maeterlinck |
| Produced by | Paul Maslansky |
| Starring | Elizabeth Taylor
Jane Fonda
Cicely Tyson
Will Geer
Todd Lookinland
Nadezhda Pavlova
Ava Gardner |
| Cinematography | Jonas Gricius
Freddie Young |
| Edited by | Stanford C. Allen
Tatyana Shapiro |
| Music by | Irwin Kostal
Andrey Petrov |
| Production
company | Lenfilm |
| Distributed by | Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corporation |
| Release date | * April 5, 1976 (1976-04-05) |
| Running time | 99 minutes |
| Countries | United States
Soviet Union |
| Languages | English
Russian |
| Budget | $12 million |
| Box office | $3.5 million (US/ Canada) |


title: Wahlberg's velvet gecko

abstract: Wahlberg's velvet gecko is a species of large gecko, a lizard in the family Gekkonidae. The species occurs exclusively in Southern Africa.

text:
# Wahlberg's velvet gecko

**Wahlberg's velvet gecko** (***Homopholis wahlbergii***) is a species of large gecko, a lizard in the family Gekkonidae. The species occurs exclusively in Southern Africa.

## Etymology

The specific name, *wahlbergii*, is in honour of Swedish naturalist Johan August Wahlberg. The spelling *walbergii* was corrected to *wahlbergii* by Smith (1849) in an errata within an addenda slip (unpaginated).

## Geographic range

*H. wahlbergii* is endemic to Miombo and Mopane bushveld of Botswana, South Africa, Eswatini, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique. The largest part of its range covers Zimbabwe.

## Habitat

*H. wahlbergii* shelters under tree bark, rocks, empty bird nests, and other places in coastal bush and mesic and arid savannas.

## Description

Wahlberg's velvet gecko is so called because the skin looks and feels like velvet. The back varies from dark grey to soft grey-brown and may be crossed with paler chevrons or crossbars or have mottled paler areas nestled along the centre of its back and spine. Adults may attain a total length (including tail) of 21 cm (8.3 in), but average total length is 14–18 cm (5.5–7.1 in).

## Behaviour

*H. wahlbergii* is nocturnal; however, it has been observed to occasionally be active during the day. It ventures far from its usual roost only at night, when courtship generally occurs. It is frequently found in baobab trees and in the roofs and walls of traditional mud-huts and other human dwellings.

## Diet

*H. wahlbergii* is mainly insectivores. Beetles make up the majority of its diet, with butterflies making up the next largest proportion, although it can also consume millipedes.

## Breeding

Males and females of *H. wahlbergii* exhibit little to no sexual dimorphism. Females reproduce annually once they reach sexual maturity. The female lays pairs of large, hard-shelled eggs that start soft and adhesive. Egg length, 17–19 mm (0.67–0.75 in), is not correlated to maternal length. These eggs are concealed under bark overhangs or in rock crevices.

## Further reading

* Boulenger GA (1885). *Catalogue of the Lizards in the British Museum (Natural History). Second Edition. Volume I. Geckonidæ ...* London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, printers). xii + 436 pp. + Plates I-XXXII. (*Homopholis wahlbergii*, p. 191).
* Branch, Bill \[in French\] (2002). *A Photographic Guide to Snakes and Other Reptiles of Southern Africa* (2nd ed.). Cape Town: Struik. ISBN 1868726193.
* Smith A (1849). *Illustrations of the Zoology of South Africa; Consisting Chiefly of Figures and Descriptions of the Objects of Natural History Collected during an Expedition into the Interior of South Africa, in the Years 1834, 1835, and 1836; Fitted out by "The Cape of Good Hope Association for Exploring Central Africa:" Together with a Summary of African Zoology, and an Inquiry into the Geographical Ranges of Species in that Quarter of the Globe.* \[*Volume III. Reptilia.*\] London: Lords Commissioners of her Majesty's Treasury. (Smith, Elder and Co., printers). Plates with unnumbered pages of text. (*Geko wahlbergii*, new species, Plate 75).

## InfoBox

| Wahlberg's velvet gecko | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Family: | Gekkonidae |
| Genus: | *Homopholis* |
| Species: | ***H. wahlbergii*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Homopholis wahlbergii***
(A. Smith, 1849) | |
|
|  | |
| Distribution in south-east Africa according to the IUCN.   Extant (resident) | |
| Synonyms | |
| * *Geko walbergii*
A. Smith, 1849 * *Homopholis wahlbergii*
Boulenger, 1885 * *Homopholis macrolepis*
Boulenger, 1885 * *Platypholis walbergii*
Kluge, 1993 * *Homopholis wahlbergi*
Branch, 1993 | |


abstract: The men's normal hill individual ski jumping competition for the 1972 Winter Olympics was held at Miyanomori Ski Jump Stadium. It occurred on 6 February.

text:
# Ski jumping at the 1972 Winter Olympics – Normal hill individual

The **men's normal hill individual** ski jumping competition for the 1972 Winter Olympics was held at Miyanomori Ski Jump Stadium. It occurred on 6 February.

## Results

| Rank | Athlete | Country | Jump 1 | Jump 2 | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Yukio Kasaya | Japan | 126.6 | 117.6 | 244.2 |
|  | Akitsugu Konno | Japan | 120.2 | 114.6 | 234.8 |
|  | Seiji Aochi | Japan | 123.3 | 106.2 | 229.5 |
| 4 | Ingolf Mork | Norway | 112.0 | 113.5 | 225.5 |
| 5 | Jiří Raška | Czechoslovakia | 112.3 | 112.5 | 224.8 |
| 6 | Wojciech Fortuna | Poland | 115.4 | 106.6 | 222.0 |
| 7 | Karel Kodejška | Czechoslovakia | 114.7 | 105.5 | 220.2 |
| 7 | Gariy Napalkov | Soviet Union | 112.4 | 107.8 | 220.2 |
| 9 | K'oba Ts'akadze | Soviet Union | 109.7 | 110.2 | 219.9 |
| 10 | Peter Štefančič | Yugoslavia | 107.9 | 110.2 | 218.1 |
| 11 | Rolf Nordgren | Sweden | 115.7 | 102.1 | 217.8 |
| 11 | Frithjof Prydz | Norway | 114.2 | 103.6 | 217.8 |
| 11 | Zbyněk Hubač | Czechoslovakia | 113.1 | 104.7 | 217.8 |
| 14 | Walter Steiner | Switzerland | 110.6 | 106.8 | 217.4 |
| 15 | Rainer Schmidt | East Germany | 114.5 | 102.7 | 217.2 |
| 16 | Ernst von Grünigen | Switzerland | 109.5 | 102.9 | 212.4 |
| 17 | Rauno Miettinen | Finland | 105.5 | 106.5 | 212.0 |
| 18 | Henry Glaß | East Germany | 109.5 | 102.3 | 211.8 |
| 18 | Tauno Käyhkö | Finland | 105.8 | 106.0 | 211.8 |
| 20 | Yury Kalinin | Soviet Union | 111.8 | 99.8 | 211.6 |
| 21 | Anatoly Zheglanov | Soviet Union | 102.3 | 107.7 | 210.0 |
| 22 | Hans Schmid | Switzerland | 106.6 | 102.3 | 208.9 |
| 23 | Takashi Fujisawa | Japan | 117.8 | 90.0 | 207.8 |
| 24 | Adam Krzysztofiak | Poland | 105.0 | 102.3 | 207.3 |
| 25 | Kari Ylianttila | Finland | 104.8 | 101.8 | 206.6 |
| 26 | Rudi Wanner | Austria | 104.4 | 100.6 | 205.0 |
| 27 | Danilo Pudgar | Yugoslavia | 112.4 | 92.3 | 204.7 |
| 28 | Josef Zehnder | Switzerland | 105.8 | 97.9 | 203.7 |
| 29 | Rudolf Höhnl | Czechoslovakia | 100.8 | 100.8 | 201.6 |
| 29 | Reinhold Bachler | Austria | 100.3 | 101.3 | 201.6 |
| 31 | Hans-Georg Aschenbach | East Germany | 103.1 | 95.4 | 198.5 |
| 32 | Tadeusz Pawlusiak | Poland | 98.8 | 99.1 | 197.9 |
| 33 | Nils-Per Skarseth | Norway | 101.3 | 96.3 | 197.6 |
| 34 | Jerry Martin | United States | 105.3 | 91.9 | 197.2 |
| 35 | Drago Pudgar | Yugoslavia | 97.8 | 99.3 | 197.1 |
| 36 | Max Golser | Austria | 95.5 | 100.3 | 195.8 |
| 37 | Marjan Mesec | Yugoslavia | 100.1 | 95.3 | 195.4 |
| 38 | Manfred Wolf | East Germany | 109.2 | 85.8 | 195.0 |
| 39 | Stanisław Gąsienica Daniel | Poland | 97.3 | 96.7 | 194.0 |
| 40 | Zdenek Mezl | Canada | 100.6 | 92.2 | 192.8 |
| 41 | Ron Steele | United States | 99.2 | 93.1 | 192.3 |
| 42 | Anders Lundqvist | Sweden | 98.3 | 93.5 | 191.8 |
| 43 | Gilbert Poirot | France | 93.4 | 95.3 | 188.7 |
| 44 | Ulf Kvendbo | Canada | 93.0 | 94.8 | 187.8 |
| 45 | Esko Rautionaho | Finland | 100.3 | 87.4 | 187.7 |
| 46 | Günther Göllner | West Germany | 101.6 | 84.3 | 185.9 |
| 47 | Alfred Grosche | West Germany | 92.2 | 90.6 | 182.8 |
| 48 | Rick Gulyas | Canada | 90.8 | 90.5 | 181.3 |
| 49 | Sepp Schwinghammer | West Germany | 89.8 | 90.3 | 180.1 |
| 50 | Greg Swor | United States | 93.0 | 86.4 | 179.4 |
| 51 | Jo Inge Bjørnebye | Norway | 90.3 | 83.9 | 174.2 |
| 52 | Scott Berry | United States | 87.7 | 84.3 | 172.0 |
| 53 | Alain Macle | France | 87.2 | 78.7 | 165.9 |
| 54 | Yvan Richard | France | 88.0 | 76.3 | 164.3 |
| 55 | Ezio Damolin | Italy | 87.0 | 75.7 | 162.7 |
| 56 | Peter Wilson | Canada | 79.4 | 70.0 | 149.4 |

## InfoBox

| Men's normal hill individual
at the XI Olympic Winter Games | |
| --- | --- |
| Pictogram for ski jumping | |
| Venue | Miyanomori Ski Jump Stadium |
| Dates | 6 February |
| Competitors | 56 from 26 nations |
| Winning score | 244.2 |
| Medalists | |
| Yukio Kasaya
Japan  Akitsugu Konno
Japan  Seiji Aochi
Japan | |
|


title: Random sequential adsorption

abstract:
Random sequential adsorption (RSA) refers to a process where particles are randomly introduced in a system, and if they do not overlap any previously adsorbed particle, they adsorb and remain fixed for the rest of the process. RSA can be carried out in computer simulation, in a mathematical analysis, or in experiments. It was first studied by one-dimensional models: the attachment of pendant groups in a polymer chain by Paul Flory, and the car-parking problem by Alfréd Rényi. Other early works include those of Benjamin Widom. In two and higher dimensions many systems have been studied by computer simulation, including in 2d, disks, randomly oriented squares and rectangles, aligned squares and rectangles, various other shapes, etc. An important result is the maximum surface coverage, called the saturation coverage or the packing fraction. On this page we list that coverage for many systems. The blocking process has been studied in detail in terms of the random sequential adsorption (RSA) model. The simplest RSA model related to deposition of spherical particles considers irreversible adsorption of circular disks. One disk after another is placed randomly at a surface. Once a disk is placed, it sticks at the same spot, and cannot be removed. When an attempt to deposit a disk would result in an overlap with an already deposited disk, this attempt is rejected. Within this model, the surface is initially filled rapidly, but the more one approaches saturation the slower the surface is being filled. Within the RSA model, saturation is sometimes referred to as jamming. For circular disks, saturation occurs at a coverage of 0.547. When the depositing particles are polydisperse, much higher surface coverage can be reached, since the small particles will be able to deposit into the holes in between the larger deposited particles. On the other hand, rod like particles may lead to much smaller coverage, since a few misaligned rods may block a large portion of the surface. For the one-dimensional parking-car problem, Renyi has shown that the maximum coverage is equal to θ 1 = ∫ 0 ∞ exp  d x = 0.7475979202534 … the so-called Renyi car-parking constant. Then followed the conjecture of Ilona Palásti, who proposed that the coverage of d-dimensional aligned squares, cubes and hypercubes is equal to θ1d. This conjecture led to a great deal of work arguing in favor of it, against it, and finally computer simulations in two and three dimensions showing that it was a good approximation but not exact. The accuracy of this conjecture in higher dimensions is not known. For k
-mers on a one-dimensional lattice, we have for the fraction of vertices covered, θ k = k ∫ 0 ∞ exp  d u = k ∫ 0 1 exp  d v When k goes to infinity, this gives the Renyi result above. For k = 2, this gives the Flory result θ 1 = 1 − e − 2. For percolation thresholds related to random sequentially adsorbed particles, see Percolation threshold.

text:
# Random sequential adsorption

**Random sequential adsorption** (**RSA**) refers to a process where particles are randomly introduced in a system, and if they do not overlap any previously adsorbed particle, they adsorb and remain fixed for the rest of the process. RSA can be carried out in computer simulation, in a mathematical analysis, or in experiments. It was first studied by one-dimensional models: the attachment of pendant groups in a polymer chain by Paul Flory, and the car-parking problem by Alfréd Rényi. Other early works include those of Benjamin Widom. In two and higher dimensions many systems have been studied by computer simulation, including in 2d, disks, randomly oriented squares and rectangles, aligned squares and rectangles, various other shapes, etc.

An important result is the maximum surface coverage, called the saturation coverage or the packing fraction. On this page we list that coverage for many systems.

The blocking process has been studied in detail in terms of the ***random sequential adsorption*** (RSA) model. The simplest RSA model related to deposition of spherical particles considers irreversible adsorption of circular disks. One disk after another is placed randomly at a surface. Once a disk is placed, it sticks at the same spot, and cannot be removed. When an attempt to deposit a disk would result in an overlap with an already deposited disk, this attempt is rejected. Within this model, the surface is initially filled rapidly, but the more one approaches saturation the slower the surface is being filled. Within the RSA model, saturation is sometimes referred to as jamming. For circular disks, saturation occurs at a coverage of 0.547. When the depositing particles are polydisperse, much higher surface coverage can be reached, since the small particles will be able to deposit into the holes in between the larger deposited particles. On the other hand, rod like particles may lead to much smaller coverage, since a few misaligned rods may block a large portion of the surface.

For the one-dimensional parking-car problem, Renyi has shown that the maximum coverage is equal to

$\theta \_{1}=\int \_{0}^{\infty }\exp \left(-2\int \_{0}^{x}{\frac {1-e^{-y}{y}dy\right)dx=0.7475979202534\ldots }}$

the so-called Renyi car-parking constant.

Then followed the conjecture of Ilona Palásti, who proposed that the coverage of d-dimensional aligned squares, cubes and hypercubes is equal to θ1d. This conjecture led to a great deal of work arguing in favor of it, against it, and finally computer simulations in two and three dimensions showing that it was a good approximation but not exact. The accuracy of this conjecture in higher dimensions is not known.

For $k$-mers on a one-dimensional lattice, we have for the fraction of vertices covered,

$\theta \_{k}=k\int \_{0}^{\infty }\exp \left(-u-2\sum \_{j=1}^{k-1}{\frac {1-e^{-ju}{j}\right)du=k\int \_{0}^{1}\exp \left(-2\sum \_{j=1}^{k-1}{\frac {1-v^{j}{j}\right)dv}}}}$

When $k$ goes to infinity, this gives the Renyi result above. For k = 2, this gives the Flory result $\theta \_{1}=1-e^{-2}$.

For percolation thresholds related to random sequentially adsorbed particles, see Percolation threshold.

## Saturation coverage of *k*-mers on 1d lattice systems

| system | Saturated coverage $\theta \_{k}$(fraction of sites filled) |
| --- | --- |
| dimers | $1-e^{-2}=0.86466472$ |
| trimers | $\frac {3{\sqrt {\pi }({\text{erfi}(2)-{\text{erfi}(1))}{2e^{4}\approx 0.82365296}}}}$ |
| k = 4 | $0.80389348$ |
| k = 10 | $0.76957741$ |
| k = 100 | $0.74976335$ |
| k = 1000 | $0.74781413$ |
| k = 10000 | $0.74761954$ |
| k = 100000 | $0.74760008$ |
| k = $\infty $ | $0.74759792$ |
|

Asymptotic behavior: $\theta \_{k}\sim \theta \_{\infty }+0.2162/k+\ldots $ .

## Saturation coverage of segments of two lengths on a one dimensional continuum

R = size ratio of segments. Assume equal rates of adsorption

| system | Saturated coverage $\theta $(fraction of line filled) |
| --- | --- |
| R = 1 | 0.74759792 |
| R = 1.05 | 0.7544753(62) |
| R = 1.1 | 0.7599829(63) |
| R = 2 | 0.7941038(58) |
|

## Saturation coverage of *k*-mers on a 2d square lattice

| system | Saturated coverage $\theta \_{k}$(fraction of sites filled) |
| --- | --- |
| dimers k = 2 | 0.906820(2), 0.906, 0.9068, 0.9062, 0.906, 0.905(9), 0.906, 0.906823(2), |
| trimers k = 3 | $$ 0.846, 0.8366 |
| k = 4 | $$0.8094 0.81 |
| k = 5 | 0.7868 |
| k = 6 | 0.7703 |
| k = 7 | 0.7579 |
| k = 8 | 0.7479, 0.747 |
| k = 9 | 0.7405 |
| k = 16 | 0.7103, 0.71 |
| k = 32 | 0.6892, 0.689, 0.6893(4) |
| k = 48 | 0.6809(5), |
| k = 64 | 0.6755, 0.678, 0.6765(6) |
| k = 96 | 0.6714(5) |
| k = 128 | 0.6686, 0.668(9), 0.668 0.6682(6) |
| k = 192 | 0.6655(7) |
| k = 256 | 0.6628 0.665, 0.6637(6) |
| k = 384 | 0.6634(6) |
| k = 512 | 0.6618, 0.6628(9) |
| k = 1024 | 0.6592 |
| k = 2048 | 0.6596 |
| k = 4096 | 0.6575 |
| k = 8192 | 0.6571 |
| k = 16384 | 0.6561 |
| k = ∞ | 0.660(2), 0.583(10), |
|

Asymptotic behavior: $\theta \_{k}\sim \theta \_{\infty }+\ldots $ .

## Saturation coverage of *k*-mers on a 2d triangular lattice

| system | Saturated coverage $\theta \_{k}$(fraction of sites filled) |
| --- | --- |
| dimers k = 2 | 0.9142(12), |
| k = 3 | 0.8364(6), |
| k = 4 | 0.7892(5), |
| k = 5 | 0.7584(6), |
| k = 6 | 0.7371(7), |
| k = 8 | 0.7091(6), |
| k = 10 | 0.6912(6), |
| k = 12 | 0.6786(6), |
| k = 20 | 0.6515(6), |
| k = 30 | 0.6362(6), |
| k = 40 | 0.6276(6), |
| k = 50 | 0.6220(7), |
| k = 60 | 0.6183(6), |
| k = 70 | 0.6153(6), |
| k = 80 | 0.6129(7), |
| k = 90 | 0.6108(7), |
| k = 100 | 0.6090(8), |
| k = 128 | 0.6060(13), |

## Saturation coverage for particles with neighbors exclusion on 2d lattices

| system | Saturated coverage $\theta \_{k}$(fraction of sites filled) |
| --- | --- |
| Square lattice with NN exclusion | 0.3641323(1), 0.36413(1), 0.3641330(5), |
| Honeycomb lattice with NN exclusion | 0.37913944(1), 0.38(1), 0.379 |
|

.

## Saturation coverage of $k\times k$ squares on a 2d square lattice

| system | Saturated coverage $\theta \_{k}$(fraction of sites filled) |
| --- | --- |
| k = 2 | 0.74793(1), 0.747943(37), 0.749(1), |
| k = 3 | 0.67961(1), 0.681(1), |
| k = 4 | 0.64793(1), 0.647927(22) 0.646(1), |
| k = 5 | 0.62968(1) 0.628(1), |
| k = 8 | 0.603355(55) 0.603(1), |
| k = 10 | 0.59476(4) 0.593(1), |
| k = 15 | 0.583(1), |
| k = 16 | 0.582233(39) |
| k = 20 | 0.57807(5) 0.578(1), |
| k = 30 | 0.574(1), |
| k = 32 | 0.571916(27) |
| k = 50 | 0.56841(10) |
| k = 64 | 0.567077(40) |
| k = 100 | 0.56516(10) |
| k = 128 | 0.564405(51) |
| k = 256 | 0.563074(52) |
| k = 512 | 0.562647(31) |
| k = 1024 | 0.562346(33) |
| k = 4096 | 0.562127(33) |
| k = 16384 | 0.562038(33) |
|

For k = ∞, see "2d aligned squares" below. Asymptotic behavior: $\theta \_{k}\sim \theta \_{\infty }+0.316/k+0.114/k^{2}\ldots $ . See also

## Saturation coverage for randomly oriented 2d systems

| system | Saturated coverage |
| --- | --- |
| equilateral triangles | 0.52590(4) |
| squares | 0.523-0.532, 0.530(1), 0.530(1), 0.52760(5) |
| regular pentagons | 0.54130(5) |
| regular hexagons | 0.53913(5) |
| regular heptagons | 0.54210(6) |
| regular octagons | 0.54238(5) |
| regular enneagons | 0.54405(5) |
| regular decagons | 0.54421(6) |
|

## 2d oblong shapes with maximal coverage

| system | aspect ratio | Saturated coverage |
| --- | --- | --- |
| rectangle | 1.618 | 0.553(1) |
| dimer | 1.5098 | 0.5793(1) |
| ellipse | 2.0 | 0.583(1) |
| spherocylinder | 1.75 | 0.583(1) |
| smoothed dimer | 1.6347 | 0.5833(5) |
|

## Saturation coverage for 3d systems

| system | Saturated coverage |
| --- | --- |
| spheres | 0.3841307(21), 0.38278(5), 0.384(1) |
| randomly oriented cubes | 0.3686(15), 0.36306(60) |
| randomly oriented cuboids 0.75:1:1.3 | 0.40187(97), |
|

## Saturation coverages for disks, spheres, and hyperspheres

| system | Saturated coverage |
| --- | --- |
| 2d disks | 0.5470735(28), 0.547067(3), 0.547070, 0.5470690(7), 0.54700(6), 0.54711(16), 0.5472(2), 0.547(2), 0.5479, |
| 3d spheres | 0.3841307(21), 0.38278(5), 0.384(1) |
| 4d hyperspheres | 0.2600781(37), 0.25454(9), |
| 5d hyperspheres | 0.1707761(46), 0.16102(4), |
| 6d hyperspheres | 0.109302(19), 0.09394(5), |
| 7d hyperspheres | 0.068404(16), |
| 8d hyperspheres | 0.04230(21), |
|

## Saturation coverages for aligned squares, cubes, and hypercubes

| system | Saturated coverage |
| --- | --- |
| 2d aligned squares | 0.562009(4), 0.5623(4), 0.562(2), 0.5565(15), 0.5625(5), 0.5444(24), 0.5629(6), 0.562(2), |
| 3d aligned cubes | 0.4227(6), 0.42(1), 0.4262, 0.430(8), 0.422(8), 0.42243(5) |
| 4d aligned hypercubes | 0.3129, 0.3341, |
|


title: Random stimulus

abstract: A random stimulus is any class of creativity techniques that explores randomization. Most of their names start with the word "random", such as random word, random heuristic, random picture and random sound. In each random creativity technique, the user is presented with a random stimulus and explores associations that could trigger novel ideas. The power of random stimulus is that it can lead you to explore useful associations that would not emerge intentionally.

text:
# Random stimulus

A **random stimulus** is any class of creativity techniques that explores randomization. Most of their names start with the word "random", such as random word, random heuristic, random picture and random sound. In each random creativity technique, the user is presented with a random stimulus and explores associations that could trigger novel ideas. The power of random stimulus is that it can lead you to explore useful associations that would not emerge intentionally.

## Random word technique

Random word is the simplest technique of this class. A randomly picked word is used to generate new associations. The intent is to reveal a different angle of attack on the problem.

### Implementations

Low-tech implementations of random word often randomly shuffle a pile of index cards. For example, the "Oblique Strategies" created by Brian Eno and Peter Schmidt in 1975 is a set of 100 cards, each of which is a suggestion of a course of action or thinking to assist in creative situations, where standard logical solutions do not produce the desired result. High-tech implementations adopt computers, random number generators and internet resources. Simple random techniques are classified by modality of association (Verbal, Visual, Audial, Kinesthetic). Multi-modal techniques combine different random elements from multiple domains. A 'random article' link is an example of this kind of technique implemented by MediaWiki software. Stumbleupon is such a tool.

## Evolutionary-computation model

The evolutionary-computation model of creativity views random stimulus creativity techniques as mutation operators. Each such operator has some potential to bring a relatively small and beneficial change (innovation). Success of this process can be measured by the innovation rate. The innovation rate depends on the distribution from which the random stimuli are sampled. Improving innovation rate is an important research problem in human-based evolutionary computation.

1. Ray & Myers 1989.
2. Kosorukoff 2000.
3. Goldberg 1989.
4. Goldberg 2002.
* Goldberg, David (2002). *The design of innovation: Lessons from and for Competent Genetic Algorithms*. Springer.
* Goldberg, David (1989). *Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization and Machine Learning*. Addison-Wesley.
* Kosorukoff, Alex (2000). *Human-based genetic algorithm*.
* Ray, Michael; Myers, Rochelle (1989). *Creativity in business*. NY: Doubleday.


title: Ramongo

abstract: Ramongo is a town in the Ramongo Department of Boulkiemdé Province in central western Burkina Faso. It is the capital of the Ramongo Department and has a population of 2,500.

text:
# Ramongo

**Ramongo** is a town in the Ramongo Department of Boulkiemdé Province in central western Burkina Faso. It is the capital of the Ramongo Department and has a population of 2,500.

## InfoBox

| Ramongo | |
| --- | --- |
| RamongoLocation in Burkina Faso | |
| Coordinates: 12°13′N 2°14′W / 12.217°N 2.233°W / 12.217; -2.233 | |
| Country | Burkina Faso |
| Region | Centre-Ouest Region |
| Province | Boulkiemdé Province |
| Department | Ramongo Department |
| Population (2005) | |
| Total | 2,500 |
| Time zone | UTC+0 (GMT 0) |


title: Ramongo Department

abstract: Ramongo is a department or commune of Boulkiemdé Province in central Burkina Faso. As of 2005 it has a population of 28,326. Its capital lies at the town of Ramongo.

text:
# Ramongo Department

**Ramongo** is a department or commune of Boulkiemdé Province in central Burkina Faso. As of 2005 it has a population of 28,326. Its capital lies at the town of Ramongo.

## Towns and villages

**Ramongo** **·** Bayandi Nabyiri **·** Bayandi Palogo **·** Bayandi Tanguin **·** Bouloum Nabyiri **·** Kabinou **·** Kamsi **·** Kolonkandé **·** Koukinkuilga **·** Ramongo-Tanguin **·** Ramonkodogo **·**  Salbisgo-Dapoya **·** Salgisgo-Itaoré **·** Yagoam

12°13′N 2°14′W / 12.217°N 2.233°W / 12.217; -2.233

## InfoBox

| Ramongo | |
| --- | --- |
| Department | |
| Ramongo Department location in the province | |
| Country | Burkina Faso |
| Province | Boulkiemdé Province |
| Population (2005) | |
| Total | 28,326 |
| Time zone | UTC+0 (GMT 0) |


title: Rankmark

abstract: Rankmark is a golf equipment testing company based in Tarpon Springs, Florida, United States. The company was founded by Charlie Mandel in 1998. Rankmark's golf clubs tests include high and low handicap golfers. They publish results of golf tests on rankmark.com Rankmark accepts advertising from golf club manufacturers, or any company that wants to reach golfers.

text:
# Rankmark

**Rankmark** is a golf equipment testing company based in Tarpon Springs, Florida, United States. The company was founded by Charlie Mandel in 1998. Rankmark's golf clubs tests include high and low handicap golfers. They publish results of golf tests on rankmark.com Rankmark accepts advertising from golf club manufacturers, or any company that wants to reach golfers.

## Media coverage

Rankmark has received coverage in the following publications:

Golf Magazine

The St. Petersburg Times

Florida Golf Central

Daily Pilot

## InfoBox

Rankmark
| Industry | Golf |
| --- | --- |
| Founder | Charlie Mandel |
| Headquarters | Tarpon Springs, United States |
| Area served | Worldwide |
| Services | Golf Club Testing |
| Website | www.rankmark.com |


title: Rapture-Palooza

abstract: Rapture-Palooza is a 2013 American supernatural comedy film written by Chris Matheson and directed by Paul Middleditch. The film stars Anna Kendrick and John Francis Daley as a young couple who battle their way through a religious apocalypse on a mission to defeat "The Beast". The film also stars Ken Jeong, Rob Corddry, Thomas Lennon, Tyler Labine, Paul Scheer, Calum Worthy, John Michael Higgins, and Ana Gasteyer.

text:
# Rapture-Palooza

***Rapture-Palooza*** (also known as ***Ecstasy***) is a 2013 American supernatural comedy film written by Chris Matheson and directed by Paul Middleditch. The film stars Anna Kendrick and John Francis Daley as a young couple who battle their way through a religious apocalypse on a mission to defeat "The Beast" (Craig Robinson). The film also stars Ken Jeong, Rob Corddry, Thomas Lennon, Tyler Labine, Paul Scheer, Calum Worthy, John Michael Higgins, and Ana Gasteyer.

## Plot

Lindsey Lewis and her boyfriend Ben House are left on Earth after the rapture. The souls of the worthy have been taken to Heaven while everyone else has been left behind. The people left on Earth must fend for themselves in a world now plagued by evil locusts that constantly yell "suffer!", talking crows that use profanity, brimstone, wraiths, and storms that rain blood. The Antichrist, revealed to be a politician named Earl Gundy, takes control of the government and begins calling himself The Beast.

Lindsey's mother, a fervent Christian, was raptured but becomes the only person sent back after starting a fight in heaven. Her father is killed by one of the falling meteorites, and her brother Clark begins selling pot to the wraiths. Ben's father, an employee of The Beast, attempts to recruit Ben and Lindsey into working with The Beast. At first they refuse, but after their dream of opening a sandwich cart is literally crushed, they are forced to accept. On his day off, Ben's father begins to give them a "tour" around the Beast's mansion outside their hometown of Seattle. The mansion is heavily guarded by the Beastly Guards, the Beast's own private army of humans who made the deal with the Antichrist and the wraiths that serve his command. As warned by Ben's father, it is secretly loaded with land mines. The Beast, his guards, and his son Little Beast unexpectedly arrive, interrupting the tour. The Beast becomes smitten with Lindsey and pressures her to marry him and bear his evil children, giving her eight hours to decide before he will kill everyone she knows and loves.

Lindsey consults a Bible and together with Ben hatches a plan to imprison The Beast. They are warned not to kill The Beast as he will just return as Satan. Ben's father had built an escape-proof dog kennel for their pet, so they decide to use it to hold The Beast. They hatch an elaborate plan to isolate The Beast from his guards and the wraiths. They enlist Lindsey's brother and their undead zombie neighbor Mr. Murphy to assist in the plan, and Lindsey returns to The Beast's mansion to be wooed. While Lindsey's brother and his friend smoke pot with the wraiths and their neighbor engages the guards in a distraction, Lindsey attempts to spike The Beast's drink. When he fails to drink it, she is forced to lure him to the pool so that Ben can help her.

Outside, Lindsey begins yelling for Ben who arrives and challenges The Beast to a fight. After mocking Ben, The Beast pulls a gun and attempts to shoot him before Lindsey intervenes. The Beast knocks Ben out with a champagne bottle before being shot by Lindsey. As Ben comes back around, The Beast begins to recover. Lindsey begins shooting him again as Ben brings her more guns. Out of ammunition, they resort to bludgeoning him with a shovel before Ben decides to try and shoot him with a giant poolside laser that The Beast had installed. As Lindsey and Ben try to aim the laser they are blinded by a light coming from the sky. Ben is startled to see a man in white riding a winged horse and shoots him in panic, killing him and the horse.

Ben and Lindsey slowly realize that they've accidentally shot Jesus Christ. There is suddenly lightning from the sky, and the pair are confronted by a man in a white suit whom they realize is God. God angrily explains that Ben and Lindsey have ruined his entire plan involving the fate of all mankind by killing Jesus. Ben and Lindsey at first apologize, but God begins mocking and insulting them. The Beast revives as Satan and sneaks up on God, waylaying him with a shovel and starting a fistfight between the two. The fight spills over into the hot tub, where Satan deliberately drops a boombox in the water and electrocutes them both.

The Beast's guards drive up and see the two bodies. Ben's dad arrives and the men begin arguing over who will take The Beast's place as ruler of the world. Lindsey interrupts to point out with God and Satan dead, everyone is now in charge of themselves. Lindsey and Ben kiss as the men decide what to do now that they are free.

Ben and Lindsey finally open their own sandwich shop (which turns into a thriving lunch destination) and Lindsey is shown visibly pregnant with their child. Little Beast is now happily working with them. Lindsey's mother has made friends with some of the wraiths that are still around and is shown smoking pot with them. Ben's father moves into the mansion and throws a huge party with many other people including Morgan, the Beast's former right-hand man and leader of the now-disbanded Beastly Guards, as they celebrate their freedom with barbeque and salsa loaded with PCP.

## Cast

## Reception

*Rapture-Palooza* received mixed to negative reviews. On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 25% based on 20 reviews, with an average rating of 4.18/10. Metacritic gives the film a score of 44 out of 100 based on reviews from nine critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".

## InfoBox

| Rapture-Palooza | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | Paul Middleditch |
| Written by | Chris Matheson |
| Produced by | Ed Solomon |
| Starring | Craig Robinson
Anna Kendrick
Ken Jeong
John Francis Daley
Rob Corddry |
| Cinematography | Robert C. New |
| Edited by | Melissa Bretherton |
| Music by | Joachim Horsley |
| Production
companies | Mosaic Media Group
Mimran Schur Pictures |
| Distributed by | Lionsgate |
| Release date | * June 7, 2013 (2013-06-07) |
| Running time | 85 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: 1911 Detroit Tigers season

abstract: The 1911 Detroit Tigers had a record of 89–65 and finished in second place in the American League, 131⁄2 games behind the Philadelphia Athletics. They outscored their opponents 831–776, and drew 484,988 fans to Bennett Park.

text:
# 1911 Detroit Tigers season

The **1911 Detroit Tigers** had a record of 89–65 and finished in second place in the American League, 1312 games behind the Philadelphia Athletics. They outscored their opponents 831–776, and drew 484,988 fans to Bennett Park (4th of 8 teams in attendance).

## Regular season

### Season summary

The 1911 Detroit Tigers opened the season with a phenomenal 21–2 record. The Tigers set the modern record for home wins to start the season, 12–0, and were 51–25 at home but 38–40 on the road. They were in first place in the American League every day except one until August 3, 1911. After going 59–24, the wheels fell off as the team lost 20 of 30 games in July and were 23–43 in the second half. The Tigers lost 20 of 30 games in July and ended up 1312 games behind the Athletics.

The 1911 Tigers had two of the best batters in baseball in Ty Cobb and Sam Crawford. Cobb led both leagues in batting average (.420), RBIs (127), stolen bases (83), slugging (.621), runs (147), hits (248), total bases (367), doubles (47), and extra base hits (79). Crawford was not far behind, ranking in the top three in the AL in batting average (.378), slugging (.438), hits (217), total bases (302), and RBIs (115).

The team ranked second best in the American League in runs scored but the pitching staff's earned run average of 3.73 was the second worst in the league—a full point above the league leading Red Sox' team ERA of 2.74. Playing in Bennett Field, with its 8,500-seat wooden grandstand, their home attendance for the entire season was 484,988.

### Season standings

American League
| Team |  |  | Pct. | GB | Home | Road |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Philadelphia Athletics | 101 | 50 | .669 |  | 5420 | 4730 |
| Detroit Tigers | 89 | 65 | .578 | 13½ | 5125 | 3840 |
| Cleveland Naps | 80 | 73 | .523 | 22 | 4630 | 3443 |
| Boston Red Sox | 78 | 75 | .510 | 24 | 3937 | 3938 |
| Chicago White Sox | 77 | 74 | .510 | 24 | 4037 | 3737 |
| New York Highlanders | 76 | 76 | .500 | 25½ | 3640 | 4036 |
| Washington Senators | 64 | 90 | .416 | 38½ | 3938 | 2552 |
| St. Louis Browns | 45 | 107 | .296 | 56½ | 2553 | 2054 |

### Record vs. opponents

| <br>Sources: | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Team | BOS | CWS | CLE | DET | NYH | PHA | SLB | WSH |
| Boston |  | 11–11 | 11–11 | 10–12 | 12–10 | 9–13 | 12–9 | 13–9 |
| Chicago | 11–11 |  | 6–15–2 | 8–14 | 13–9 | 9–11–1 | 17–5 | 13–9 |
| Cleveland | 11–11 | 15–6–2 |  | 6–16 | 14–8–1 | 5–17 | 15–7 | 14–8 |
| Detroit | 12–10 | 14–8 | 16–6 |  | 7–15 | 12–10 | 14–8 | 14–8 |
| New York | 10–12 | 9–13 | 8–14–1 | 15–7 |  | 6–15 | 16–5 | 12–10 |
| Philadelphia | 13–9 | 11–9–1 | 17–5 | 10–12 | 15–6 |  | 20–2 | 15–7 |
| St. Louis | 9–12 | 5–17 | 7–15 | 8–14 | 5–16 | 2–20 |  | 9–13 |
| Washington | 9–13 | 9–13 | 8–14 | 8–14 | 10–12 | 7–15 | 13–9 |  |

### Roster

| 1911 Detroit Tigers | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Roster** | | | | | | | | | |
| **Pitchers** |  | **Catchers** **Infielders** |  | **Outfielders** |  | **Manager** **Coaches** |

### Season chronology

* April 13: The Tigers beat the White Sox, 4–2, on Opening Day at Bennett Park. George Mullin was the Opening Day starter for Detroit.
* April 18: The Tigers beat Cleveland, 5–1, as Ty Cobb stole home on a double steal in the first inning. George Mullin won his second game of the year.
* April 20: The Tigers beat the White Sox, 6–3, to open the season with six consecutive wins.
* April 28: The Tigers beat Cleveland, 5–3, for their 12th win against only one defeat to that point in the season.
* May 1: The Tigers beat Cleveland, 14–5. Ty Cobb stole home for the second time in less than a month off Cleveland pitcher George Kahler.
* May 7: The Tigers beat the White Sox, 5–4, as Ty Cobb went 4-for-5.
* May 9: The Tigers beat New York, 10–0, as Ralph Works pitched his second shutout of the season. Off to a scorching hot start, the Tigers were 21–2 at that point.
* May 10: The Tigers lost their first game at Bennett Park in 1911, a 6–2 loss to New York. The Tigers had a 21–2 record and would lead the American League until July 4.
* May 12: The Tigers beat the Yankees, 6–5. Ty Cobb scored a run from first base on a short single to right‚ scored from second base on a wild pitch‚ then doubled home two runs in the 7th inning to tie the game. When New York catcher Ed Sweeney argued the call at the plate‚ the rest of the infield gathered‚ leaving Cobb unattended at second base. With no time out called‚ Cobb strolled to third base‚ and then walked in to observe the continuing argument. When he spotted an opening in the circle of players‚ he slid in with the winning run.
* May 13: After taking a 10–1 lead, the Tigers lost to the Red Sox, 13–11, in 10 innings. Ty Cobb hit the first grand slam of his career in the third inning grand slam.
* May 15: The Tigers beat the Red Sox, 5–4. Ty Cobb drew an intentional walk in the 10th inning, and Jim Delahanty drove him in for the win. Cobb began a 40-game hit streak.
* May 19: The Tigers beat the A's, 9–8. Detroit pitcher Jack Lively was hit in the head with pitch in the second inning, but woozily continued for several innings. Ty Cobb had a triple, scored two runs, and started a double play from center field. Oscar Stanage hit a home run in the 8th inning to win it.
* May 20: The Tigers lost to the A's, 14–12. Ty Cobb went 3-for-4. In the 1st inning, Detroit's promising young first baseman, Del Gainer broke his wrist when he was hit by a pitch. He would not play again until September. His replacement Jack Ness started a 1–6 triple play to Donie Bush.
* May 23: The Tigers beat the Senators and Walter Johnson‚ 9–8. Johnson walked Ty Cobb with the bases loaded in the 8th inning for the winning run. Cobb was 3-for-4 with 3 stolen bases in the game.
* June 3: The Tigers again beat the Senators and Walter Johnson, 7–2. Ty Cobb had three hits, including two triples.
* June 18: After falling behind, 13–1, the Tigers staged the biggest comeback in MLB history, defeating the White Sox, 16–15. Ty Cobb had four hits and five RBIs and scored the game-winning run in the 9th inning on an RBI double by Sam Crawford.
* June 19: The Tigers beat the White Sox, 8–5, as Ty Cobb scored from first on a single and tied the AL record by getting a hit in his 29th straight game.
* June 20: Ty Cobb broke the AL record by getting a hit in his 30th straight game. The Tigers beat Cleveland, 8–3, as Cobb also stole two bases.
* July 1: The Tigers shut out the Browns, 8–0, behind the pitching of Ed Willett. Ty Cobb beat out a ground ball for an infield single to extend his hit streak to 39 games.
* July 2: The Tigers beat Cleveland, 14–6, as Ty Cobb had three hits and three runs to extend his hitting streak to 40 games.
* July 4: Ty Cobb's 40-game hitting streak ended in a 7–3 loss to the White Sox. Cobb hit .491 during his 40-game streak began on May 15.
* July 12: The Tigers shut out the A's, 9–0, behind pitcher "Wild Bill" Donovan. Ty Cobb walked‚ then stole second, third and home on consecutive pitches off Harry Krause. Sam Crawford added a home run in the third inning. After Cobb reached on a fielder's choice in the 3rd‚ Sam Crawford homered. In the 7th inning‚ Cobb walked‚ advanced to second on a bunt‚ and scored on a sacrifice fly‚ knocking the ball out of the hands of catcher Paddy Livingston.
* July 13: The Tigers edged the A's, 8–7, to remain in first place in the AL. With the score tied 7–7, Ty Cobb scored from first in the 9th inning on a single by Jim Delahanty. Cobb ran through Hughie Jennings' hold sign at third base and used his fadeaway slide to elude the tag at the plate.
* August 3: The Tigers lost, 3–2, to the Red Sox. "Wild Bill" Donovan was the losing pitcher. With the loss, the Tigers dropped into second place behind the A's. The Tigers had been in first place all but one day up to that point in the season, but the A's would pull away and win the pennant by 13 points.
* August 10: The Tigers announced plans to build a new $300,000 grandstand in the off-season. At the beginning of the 1912 season, Bennett Park would be renamed Navin Field.
* August 13: Ty Cobb‚ having reportedly concluded that the Tigers could not catch up with the A's in the pennant race, began a vacation.
* August 18: The Tigers beat the Red Sox‚ 9–4. Ty Cobb stole home in the first inning on the front end of a triple steal with Jim Delahanty and Delos Drake.
* August 29: The Tigers bet the A's, 9–8, in 11 innings. Detroit third baseman Jim Delahanty set an MLB record by making an unassisted double play for the second day in a row. Marv Owen was the next to do it, in 1934.
* September 9: The Tigers shut out the White Sox, 1–0, behind pitcher George Mullin. Left fielder Delos Drake started a triple play, making the catch, throwing to Donie Bush who relayed to first baseman Del Gainer.
* September 26: The A's clinched the pennant with an 11–5 win over the Tigers. "Home Run" Baker had a home run and two doubles. The Tigers had led by 12 games in May, but finished in second place, 1312 games behind the A's.
* September 29: Ty Cobb was fined $100 for playing a Sunday game with a semipro club in New York.
* October 4: The Tigers beat Cleveland, 2–0, as George Mullin threw his second shutout in less than a month.
* October 7: The Tigers shut out the Browns, 1–0, behind the pitching of Ralph Works. With inclement weather in St. Louis, the game was played in front of a crowd of 66 fans.
* October 11: With the World Series starting on October 14, the A's played an American League All Star team. Ty Cobb had three hits for the All Stars. On that day, Cobb was also announced as the winner of the first American League Most Valuable Player award. Cobb received a Chalmers automobile for the award.

## Player stats

### Batting

#### Starters by position

*Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in*

| Pos | Player | G | AB | H | Avg. | HR | RBI |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| C | Oscar Stanage | 141 | 503 | 133 | .264 | 3 | 51 |
| 1B | Jim Delahanty | 144 | 542 | 184 | .339 | 3 | 94 |
| 2B | Charley O'Leary | 74 | 256 | 68 | .266 | 0 | 25 |
| 3B | George Moriarty | 130 | 478 | 116 | .243 | 1 | 60 |
| SS | Donie Bush | 150 | 561 | 130 | .232 | 1 | 36 |
| OF | Ty Cobb | 146 | 591 | 248 | .420 | 8 | 127 |
| OF | Sam Crawford | 146 | 574 | 217 | .378 | 7 | 115 |
| OF | Davy Jones | 98 | 341 | 93 | .273 | 0 | 19 |

#### Other batters

*Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in*

| Player | G | AB | H | Avg. | HR | RBI |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Delos Drake | 95 | 315 | 88 | .279 | 1 | 36 |
| Del Gainer | 70 | 248 | 75 | .302 | 2 | 25 |
| Paddy Baumann | 26 | 94 | 24 | .255 | 0 | 11 |
| Biff Schaller | 40 | 60 | 8 | .133 | 1 | 7 |
| Boss Schmidt | 28 | 46 | 13 | .283 | 0 | 2 |
| Chick Lathers | 29 | 45 | 10 | .222 | 0 | 4 |
| Jack Ness | 12 | 39 | 6 | .154 | 0 | 2 |
| Joe Casey | 15 | 33 | 5 | .152 | 0 | 3 |
| Guy Tutwiler | 13 | 32 | 6 | .188 | 0 | 3 |
| Chick Lathers | 5 | 16 | 3 | .188 | 0 | 0 |

*Note: pitchers' batting statistics not included*

### Pitching

#### Starting pitchers

*Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts*

| Player | G | IP | W | L | ERA | SO |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| George Mullin | 30 | 234.1 | 18 | 10 | 3.07 | 87 |
| Ed Willett | 38 | 231.1 | 13 | 14 | 3.66 | 86 |
| Ed Summers | 30 | 179.1 | 11 | 11 | 3.66 | 65 |
| Ed Lafitte | 29 | 172.1 | 11 | 8 | 3.92 | 63 |
| Bill Donovan | 20 | 168.1 | 10 | 9 | 3.31 | 81 |
| Jack Lively | 18 | 113.2 | 7 | 5 | 4.59 | 45 |
| Pug Cavet | 1 | 4.0 | 0 | 0 | 4.50 | 1 |

#### Other pitchers

*Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts*

| Player | G | IP | W | L | ERA | SO |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Ralph Works | 30 | 167.1 | 11 | 5 | 3.87 | 68 |
| Tex Covington | 17 | 83.2 | 7 | 1 | 4.09 | 29 |
| Wiley Taylor | 3 | 19.0 | 0 | 2 | 3.79 | 9 |
| Clarence Mitchell | 5 | 14.1 | 1 | 0 | 8.16 | 4 |

## Awards and honors

### League top five finishers

**Donie Bush**

* AL leader in bases on balls (98)
* AL leader in outs (461)
* #2 in AL in runs scored (126)
* #2 in AL in plate appearances (692)
* #5 in AL in sacrifice hits (30)

**Ty Cobb**

* MLB batting crown (.420)
* MLB leader in RBIs (127)
* MLB leader in stolen bases (83)
* MLB leader in slugging percentage (.621)
* MLB leader in OPS (1.088)
* MLB leader in runs (147)
* MLB leader in hits (248)
* MLB leader in total bases (367)
* MLB leader in doubles (47)
* MLB leader in extra base hits (79)
* MLB leader in times on base (300)
* MLB leader in singles (169)
* MLB leader in runs created (169)
* AL leader in triples (24)
* #2 in MLB in on-base percentage (.467)
* #2 in AL in home runs (8)
* #2 in Power/Speed Number (14.6)
* #4 in AL in at bats per home run (73.9)

**Sam Crawford**

* #3 in AL in batting average (.378)
* #4 in AL in on-base percentage (.438)
* #3 in AL in slugging percentage (.526)
* #3 in AL in OPS (.964)
* #4 in AL in runs scored (109)
* #3 in AL in hits (217)
* #3 in AL in total bases (302)
* #3 in AL in home runs (7)
* #2 in AL in RBIs (115)
* #3 in AL in singles (160)
* #3 in AL in runs created (143)
* #4 in AL in extra base hits (57)
* #3 in AL in times on base (278)
* #5 in AL in Power/Speed Number (11.8)

**George Mullin**

* #5 in AL in complete games (25)
* #4 in AL in home runs allowed (7)

**Ed Willett**

* #4 in AL in hit batsmen (14)
* #5 in AL in hits allowed (261)
* #5 in AL in earned runs allowed (94)

**Ralph Works**

* #5 in AL in win percentage (.688)

### Players ranking among top 100 of all time at position

The following members of the 1911 Detroit Tigers are among the Top 100 players of all time at their position, as ranked in The New Bill James Historical Baseball Abstract in 2001:

## InfoBox

| 1911 Detroit Tigers | |
| --- | --- |
| League | American League |
| Ballpark | Bennett Park |
| City | Detroit, Michigan |
| Owners | William H. Yawkey and Frank Navin |
| Managers | Hughie Jennings |
|  | |


title: Widjiatno Notomihardjo

abstract: Widjiatno Notomihardjo was an Indonesian businessman, best known for being the father of seventh President of Indonesia Joko Widodo. He was a successful wood merchant in Surakarta, and shortly prior to his death had begun to enter politics through the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle.

text:
# Widjiatno Notomihardjo

**Widjiatno Notomihardjo** (30 December 1940 – 23 July 2000) was an Indonesian businessman, best known for being the father of seventh President of Indonesia Joko Widodo. He was a successful wood merchant in Surakarta, and shortly prior to his death had begun to enter politics through the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle.

## Early life

Notomihardjo was born on 30 December 1940 in the village of Kragan, in what is today Karanganyar Regency of Central Java. He was the son of Lamidi Wirjo Mihardjo, who was the *lurah* (village chief) of his home village. Mihardjo married thrice, and Notomihardjo was born from his first wife. Mihardjo's father, Mangun Dinomo, was also a *lurah* at a different village in Boyolali. Notomihardjo studied until high school, and on 23 August 1959, at the age of 19, he married Sudjiatmi. Sudjiatmi was 16 at the time.

## Career

After marrying Sudjiatmi, Notomihardjo moved to Surakarta. Sudjiatmi's father Wirorejo worked in the lumber trade, and helped Notomihardjo in starting his own business, CV Roda Jati. The couple also traded in bamboo. During their time in Surakarta, Notomihardjo and Sudjiatmi had four surviving children: Joko Widodo, Iit Sriyantini, Ida Yati, and Titik Relawati, in addition to a stillborn son, Joko Lukito. As there were few competitors in Surakarta trading in teak wood, Notomihardjo's business gradually expanded, sourcing wood from more remote areas. During the purges against the Indonesian Communist Party, although Surakarta was heavily impacted, Notomihardjo was not arrested or investigated as he lacked any connection to the Indonesian Communist Party. Several of his neighbors, however, were arrested by soldiers.

In the 1970s, Notomihardjo along with his family were displaced from their home by a market and bus terminal expansion project. He moved to a new house, and his workshop along with him. Later on, Sudjiatmi handled more of the day-to-day aspects of the business, while Notomihardjo focused on sourcing raw materials. Following the fall of Suharto in 1998, Notomihardjo began to participate in politics, joining the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle and becoming a local party official in Surakarta under the leadership of F. X. Hadi Rudyatmo.

## Death and burial

Notomihardjo died on 23 July 2000 in Jakarta. He had been suffering from hernia, and intended to go to Singapore for a surgery, but passed away while at a hospital in Jakarta. He was buried in Gondangrejo village, Karanganyar, at Sudjiatmi's family burial site. His funeral drew large crowds in Surakarta.

## Personal life

During his youth, Notomihardjo owned a Birmingham Small Arms motorbike, which he was known for riding around in his home village. He was also a fan of kroncong music, which, according to a family housekeeper, he had requested on his deathbed. He also sponsored a kroncong group in Surakarta.

## InfoBox

| Widjiatno Notomihardjo | |
| --- | --- |
| Notomihardjo in the 1970s | |
| Born | (1940-12-30)30 December 1940
Karanganyar, Dutch East Indies |
| Died | 23 July 2000(2000-07-23) (aged 59)
Jakarta, Indonesia |
| Burial place | TPU Dusun Mundu, Karanganyar, Central Java |
| Nationality | Indonesian |
| Known for | Father of Joko Widodo |
| Spouse | Sudjiatmi (m. 1959) |
| Children |  |


title: William Baker House

abstract: William Baker House is a historic home located in Sandy Run, Calhoun County, South Carolina. It was built about 1830, and is a two-story, Classical Revival style frame structure on a high basement. The house features a full-length hipped-roof verandah with a center balcony with pediment. The interior walls feature wainscoting and doors that are marbleized, using the technique of featherpainting. Also on the property are a contributing wooden outbuilding and family cemetery. It was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.

text:
# William Baker House

**William Baker House** is a historic home located in Sandy Run, Calhoun County, South Carolina. It was built about 1830, and is a two-story, Classical Revival style frame structure on a high basement. The house features a full-length hipped-roof verandah with a center balcony with pediment. The interior walls feature wainscoting and doors that are marbleized, using the technique of featherpainting. Also on the property are a contributing wooden outbuilding and family cemetery.

It was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| William Baker House | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
| The house in 1978 | |
|  | |
| Location | Sandy Run on Hwy 176, Sandy Run, South Carolina |
| Coordinates | 33°49′50″N 80°59′46″W / 33.83056°N 80.99611°W / 33.83056; -80.99611 |
| Area | 6 acres (2.4 ha) |
| Built | c. 1830 (1830) |
| Architectural style | Classical Revival |
| NRHP reference No. | 78002494 |
| Added to NRHP | March 8, 1978 |