title: White Hart Inn, Crawley

abstract: The White Hart Inn, also known as the White Hart Hotel, is a coaching inn on the High Street in Crawley, a town and borough in West Sussex, England. Built in the late 18th century to replace an older inn also under the sign of the White Hart, it also served as Crawley's main post office for most of the 19th century, and still operates as a public house in the 21st century. Its partly timber-framed structure, which incorporates part of an early 17th-century building, is characteristic of the area. It is designated a Grade II Listed building.

text:
# White Hart Inn, Crawley

The **White Hart Inn**, also known as the **White Hart Hotel**, is a coaching inn on the High Street in Crawley, a town and borough in West Sussex, England. Built in the late 18th century to replace an older inn also under the sign of the White Hart, it also served as Crawley's main post office for most of the 19th century, and still operates as a public house in the 21st century. Its partly timber-framed structure, which incorporates part of an early 17th-century building, is characteristic of the area. It is designated a Grade II Listed building.

## History

Crawley developed slowly as a Wealden market town and ironmaking centre, focused on its north–south High Street, from the 13th century onwards. This street formed part of the main road from the capital city, London, to the increasingly fashionable seaside resort of Brighton. After the road was turnpiked in stages between the late 17th century and the mid-18th century, Crawley's position almost exactly halfway between the two allowed it to develop a prominent new role as a convenient stop for stagecoach passengers and drivers. By the late 18th century, it had become Sussex's main staging-post for journeys to and from London, as the neighbouring towns of Horsham and East Grinstead fell out of favour.

To fulfil this role, Crawley needed plenty of venues to entertain guests for a few hours or overnight, with rooms to accommodate overnight stops and facilities for changing teams of horses. Several medieval buildings on the High Street, such as the George Hotel, the Ancient Priors and the Old Punch Bowl, met this need to some extent, but none were built for that purpose: all had been adapted from existing structures with different uses. The Ancient Priors was built as a house with a small agricultural plot; the Old Punch Bowl had been a large farmhouse; and although the George had always been an inn, it expanded gradually and haphazardly across several neighbouring buildings. The Ancient Priors in particular was too small to meet the demand for its facilities. In 1753—at which point it was operating under the name *The White Hart*—it was sold, and soon afterwards became a farm. The proceeds were used to build a new White Hart Inn. A site 70 yards (64 m) further north on the High Street was selected; this was large enough to provide both a bigger building and a substantial area at the rear for the stabling of horses. Most sources agree that the new White Hart Inn opened in 1770, although some identify 1790 as the date. Architectural studies made in 1995 and 2003 attributed a date of around 1600 to the southern part of the building, suggesting that the inn was built around the core of an older structure.

The inn was immediately successful at meeting the requirements of the greatly increased coaching traffic, which had grown from one daily service in 1756 to five by 1790 and 30 by 1815. Its facilities included accommodation for 180 horses. It was also one of Crawley's centres of commercial activity throughout the 19th century: the town's main post office was based there between 1810 (when a daily mail coach service between London and Brighton began) and 1895, and a corn exchange existed between 1800 and 1883. The post office was attached to the north side of the inn, and was demolished in the 1950s to make way for the Broadwalk—a pedestrian thoroughfare which formed an integral part of Crawley New Town's shopping centre. Crawley's oldest friendly society was founded in the White Hart in 1827, and it was also the venue for the events of the "Crawley Feast Day"—an annual celebratory gathering for the town's businesspeople, popular throughout the 19th century. In 1863, Mark Lemon, the founder of *Punch* magazine and a prominent Crawley resident, organised celebrations at the inn after the marriage of Edward, Prince of Wales (later King Edward VII) and Princess Alexandra.

Stagecoach traffic declined in the late 19th century as trains, motor buses and cars successively became more popular, but some coaches continued to run until the 1940s. The White Hart Inn adapted and became a standard public house. As of 2009, it retains its original name, and is now in the ownership of Harveys Brewery (Harvey & Son (Lewes) Ltd.), a brewery based in Lewes in East Sussex. It is therefore a tied house. Harveys identify it as the busiest public house they own.

The White Hart Inn was listed at Grade II on 23 February 1983.

## Architecture

The White Hart Inn is a timber-framed building consisting of three bays on a north–south orientation. The exterior is clad in stuccoed brickwork, the roof is tiled, and there are three brick chimneys. The southern section is the remnants of a timber-framed house dating from about 1600 (original estimates attributed an 18th-century date, in line with the actual opening of the inn). This had a stair turret at the rear leading into the attic, but only the topmost steps of this structure remain. The attic is still a separate space, now two rooms with one external window under the roof gable at the south end. Later, the building was extended to the rear. In about 1830, an extension was built to the north; this is of two storeys, like the earlier part, but is slightly taller and has a separate roofline. It is of brick and has no timber-framing. Similarly, no timber is now visible on the lower storey of the older section of the building.

### Notes

### Bibliography

* Bastable, Roger (1983). *Crawley: A Pictorial History*. Chichester: Phillimore & Co. ISBN 0-85033-503-5.
* Bastable, Roger (1986). *Crawley: The Making of a New Town*. Chichester: Phillimore & Co. ISBN 0-85033-613-9.
* Goldsmith, Michael (1987). *Crawley and District in Old Picture Postcards*. Zaltbommel: European Library. ISBN 90-288-4525-9.
* Gwynne, Peter (1990). *A History of Crawley* (1st ed.). Chichester: Phillimore & Co. ISBN 0-85033-718-6.
* Hygate, Nâdine (1994). *49, High Street, Crawley*. Horsham: Performance Publications.
* Hygate, Nâdine; Hughes, Annabella (1995). *Ye Olde Punch Bowle, 101, High Street, Crawley*. Horsham: Performance Publications.
* Shelley, Jean (1995). *Early Houses in Crawley High Street*. Crawley: Crawley High Street Conservation Committee and Crawley Museum Society.

## InfoBox

| White Hart Inn | |
| --- | --- |
| The inn from the southwest | |
| Location | 65 High Street, Crawley, West Sussex RH10 1BQ, England |
| Coordinates | 51°06′54″N 0°11′24″W / 51.1151°N 0.1899°W / 51.1151; -0.1899 |
| Built | 1770 |
| Architectural style(s) | Timber-framed |
|  | |
| Listed Building – Grade II | |
| Official name | No 65 High Street (White Hart Hotel) |
| Designated | 23 February 1983 |
| Reference no. | 1298876 |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location of White Hart Inn in Crawley | |


title: Scripsit

abstract: Scripsit is a word processing application written for the Radio Shack TRS-80 line of computers. Versions were available for most if not all computers sold under the TRS-80 name, including the TRS-80 Color Computer and several pocket computer designs, as well as the Tandy version of the Xenix operating system. Tandy Corp. also produced a version running under MS-DOS for its line of PC compatible computers. Some of the 8-bit versions are tape-based and have no ability to read or write to disk. The word scripsit is a Latin verb equivalent to the English "wrote". It was often used as an inscription indicating the identity of the person who wrote something.

text:
# Scripsit

**Scripsit** (usually rendered in official marketing and support documents as SCRIPSIT) is a word processing application written for the Radio Shack TRS-80 line of computers. Versions were available for most if not all computers sold under the TRS-80 name, including the TRS-80 Color Computer and several pocket computer designs, as well as the Tandy version of the Xenix operating system. Tandy Corp. also produced a version running under MS-DOS for its line of PC compatible computers (Tandy 1000 and successors). Some of the 8-bit versions are tape-based and have no ability to read or write to disk.

The word scripsit is a Latin verb equivalent to the English "wrote". It was often used as an inscription indicating the identity of the person who wrote something.

## Functionality

Scripsit is a rudimentary word processor. It has basic text entry and margin controls, as well as word wrap. Many versions tied to specific platforms were available, and each version had its own set of features. Most versions supported variable width fonts, specifically for daisy-wheel printers. None had support for graphics other than some character macros depending on the version. The version for the TRS-80 Model I had special handling to make it possible to use lowercase letters, even though the hardware itself did not support mixed-case type.

Despite its limitations, Scripsit was seen at the time as a killer application for the TRS-80 line of machines, along with other breakthrough applications such as VisiCalc. It was Radio Shack's top-selling program for the consumer-oriented Models I and III. Its main competitor was Michael Shrayer's Electric Pencil. Scripsit dominated its market because, at first, no other TRS-80 word processor was available through the ubiquitous Radio Shack retail stores, with alternatives only being known and made available to the public in the TRS-80 computer press, such as 80 Micro magazine. The software market evolved quickly, however, and Scripsit's popularity soon gave way to packages running on other more modern computers, such as WordPerfect running on the IBM PC.

Word processors typically require the use of special function keys to access editing commands as opposed to text entry. This proved to be a challenge on the TRS-80 Models I and Model III, as their keyboards had no non-typewriter modifier keys—not even a \[Control\] key. Instead, Tandy used the '@' key to access features such as margin control and load/save. Other common features were implemented as key combinations using the \[Clear\] key, and, lacking a \[CAPS\] key, the combination \[SHIFT\]\[zero\].

## SuperScripsit

An upgraded disk-only version named **SuperScripsit** was available with spellchecking for some platforms, specifically the Model I, Model III, and Model 4. This version basically matches the functionality of the normal **Scripsit** for disk-based platforms such as the Model II, Model 12, and Model 16. Some additional features such as boilerplating and integration with Profile, Tandy's database program for all of their TRS-80 platforms, are available for the disk versions.

Starting SuperScripsit led to a main menu of tasks such as "Open", "Proofread", or "Setup". Presumably because of the limited screen area on most TRS-80 models, there were no visible menus on the editing screen. RAM was probably also an issue, since selecting each of the options resulted in heavy floppy disk activity.

SuperScripsit for the Models III and 4 could handle text files larger than memory by paging text data in and out of RAM to disk (effectively a virtual memory technique, but implemented by an applications program). Sometimes (often, according to some frustrated users) this feature malfunctioned and created a garbled data file. Rescue utilities were made available to rectify this situation.

## Scripsit Pro

This was an all-new version written for Tandy/Radio Shack by CompuSoft. The author was Samuel A. Solomon. Scripsit Pro required a TRS-80 Model 4 equipped with the full 128 KB RAM. The text buffer was limited to 32 KB and it lacked SuperScripsit's ability to page text from disk. However, it could hold a second 32K text document in banked RAM and split the screen to permit editing of both documents at once, and to transfer text between the two buffers. It could also chain text files, handle footnotes and columnar text, and included a spell checker with a customizable dictionary. The documentation included instructions for the creation of custom printer drivers.

## Bugs

Scripsit had a number of significant bugs that could result in the loss of work. The Model 4 version, for example, would inject random text throughout the document if the user held the control key ('@') down for more than a few seconds. If the machine turned off or was reset while a document was still open, the software could not open the document ever again.

Early versions had the counter-intuitive step of "closing the file" which required a special operation before saving and exiting the file. If this step was omitted, the file could not be opened again. No warnings were issued beforehand. This was eliminated in newer versions of Scripsit.

## Printing support

One handy and somewhat innovative feature for the time was the ability to add custom control characters in the printer setup. This allowed the user to take advantage of new features in a printer that were not intrinsically supported by Scripsit, such as different fonts or colours, or printing extended ASCII characters to produce simple lines and boxes. This was possible as printer manuals of the day included a full list of supported control character sequences for such functionality.

## Notable users

Isaac Asimov used Scripsit running on a TRS-80 Model II Computer for over nine years, and wrote over 11 million words with the program. British thriller author James Follett also used Scripsit, running on a TRS-80 Model I, to write *The Tiptoe Boys*, which was filmed as *Who Dares Wins*. James Fallows praised Scripsit as "the word-processing program I prefer above all others ... the best program on the market".

On the TV program *Mr. Wizard's World*, Mr. Wizard (Don Herbert) used Scripsit on a TRS-80 Model 4 to demonstrate spell checking.

Further Reading

## InfoBox

|
|  |
| Developer(s) | Tandy |
| Initial release | 1978 (1978) |
| Operating system | TRSDOS, Xenix, MS-DOS |
| Type | Word processor |
| License | Proprietary |


title: Scottish School of Primary Care

abstract: The Scottish School of Primary Care (SSPC) is an organisation that co-ordinates a programme of research and training of primary care in Scotland. It is a virtual organisation comprising all academic departments in Scotland that have a significant research output in the primary care domain. The Co-Directors are Professor Jill Hubbard and Professor Lindsey Pope.

text:
# Scottish School of Primary Care

The **Scottish School of Primary Care** (**SSPC**) is an organisation that co-ordinates a programme of research and training of primary care in Scotland. It is a virtual organisation comprising all academic departments in Scotland that have a significant research output in the primary care domain. The Co-Directors are Professor Jill Hubbard and Professor Lindsey Pope.

## History

The School was launched in 2000. It was formed in response to a report produced by the Scottish Forum for Academic General Practice. The first two years were a foundation phase. Funding came from the Scottish Executive's Chief Scientist Office (CSO) and the Scottish Higher Education Funding Council (SHEFC) with both organisations each committing to provide £600,000 over the first three years.

It supported nurses and midwives involvement in research by being involved in promoting both capacity and capability building. By 2007 there were 1700 people involved in this virtual organisation, including Scottish academics with an interest in primary care research and clinicians who have an involvement with research alongside their normal clinical work.

A programme of work at the school led to the publication of landmark paper on multimorbidity in 2012. The Journal of Comorbidity later affiliated with the school.

In June 2015, the Scottish Government announced a primary care fund which included £1.25 million toward the school. By 2017, this was funding the school to be involved in the evaluation the primary care transformation projects and to help establish collections of primary care evidence.

In 2007, Frank Sullivan was appointed Director. In September 2015, John Gillies took up the position of Depute Director. The school has been led by two Co-Directors since early 2021: Professor Gill Hubbard (University of Highlands and Islands) and Professor Lindsey Pope (University of Glasgow).

As of 2024, members include the Universities of Edinburgh, Aberdeen, Dundee, Glasgow, Highlands and Islands, Stirling, Strathclyde, St Andrews and Robert Gordon University.

55°52′44″N 4°17′50″W / 55.87889°N 4.29722°W / 55.87889; -4.29722


title: Sean Ryan (judge)

abstract: Sean Ryan is a retired Irish judge who served as president of the Court of Appeal and a judge of the Court of Appeal from 2014 to 2018, and a judge of the High Court from 2003 to 2014. As a barrister, he was senior counsel to the inquiry into abuse in the Catholic diocese of Ferns, and was chairman of the Compensation Advisory Committee that prepared guidelines on compensation to be paid to abuse survivors at the Residential Institutions Redress Board. In September 2003, Ryan was selected to head the Commission to Inquire into Child Abuse following the controversial resignation of the previous chair, Judge Mary Laffoy, who claimed her work had been systematically obstructed by the Department of Education. The government appointed him a High Court judge, without seeking a recommendation from the Judicial Appointments Advisory Board, "to guarantee that the integrity and independence of the chairperson will be maintained." Ryan published the commission's public report on 20 May 2009 and it was immediately hailed as "a work of incalculable value to this country" and praised for its "meticulous gathering of evidence", though "Justice has not been done as many of the abusers will never face the rigours of the law." In 2014, he was named by the Government as the president designate of the newly established Court of Appeal. He was nominated as president of the court by the Government on 29 October 2014 and appointed by the President of Ireland on the same day. He retired from the bench in March 2018 given the statutory requirement.

text:
# Sean Ryan (judge)

**Sean Ryan** (born 27 March 1948) is a retired Irish judge who served as president of the Court of Appeal and a judge of the Court of Appeal from 2014 to 2018, and a judge of the High Court from 2003 to 2014.

As a barrister, he was senior counsel to the inquiry into abuse in the Catholic diocese of Ferns (the Ferns Report), and was chairman of the Compensation Advisory Committee that prepared guidelines on compensation to be paid to abuse survivors at the Residential Institutions Redress Board.

In September 2003, Ryan was selected to head the Commission to Inquire into Child Abuse following the controversial resignation of the previous chair, Judge Mary Laffoy, who claimed her work had been systematically obstructed by the Department of Education. The government appointed him a High Court judge, without seeking a recommendation from the Judicial Appointments Advisory Board, "to guarantee that the integrity and independence of the chairperson will be maintained."

Ryan published the commission's public report on 20 May 2009 and it was immediately hailed as "a work of incalculable value to this country" and praised for its "meticulous gathering of evidence", though "Justice has not been done as many of the abusers will never face the rigours of the law."

In 2014, he was named by the Government as the president designate of the newly established Court of Appeal. He was nominated as president of the court by the Government on 29 October 2014 and appointed by the President of Ireland on the same day.

He retired from the bench in March 2018 given the statutory requirement.

## InfoBox

| Sean Ryan | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| President of the Court of Appeal | |
| **In office**
28 October 2014  29 March 2018 | |
| Nominated by | Government of Ireland |
| Appointed by | Michael D. Higgins |
| Preceded by | New office |
| Succeeded by | George Birmingham |
| Judge of the Court of Appeal | |
| **In office**
28 October 2014  29 March 2018 | |
| Nominated by | Government of Ireland |
| Appointed by | Michael D. Higgins |
| Judge of the High Court | |
| **In office**
10 December 2003  28 October 2014 | |
| Nominated by | Government of Ireland |
| Appointed by | Mary McAleese |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1948-03-27) 27 March 1948
Dublin, Ireland |
| Spouse | Ruth Ryan (m. 1980) |
| Children | 3 |
| Alma mater |  |
|  | |


title: Sean Ryan (Tipperary hurler)

abstract: Sean Ryan is an Irish hurler who plays club hurling for Templederry Kenyons and at inter-county level with the Tipperary senior hurling team.

text:
# Sean Ryan (Tipperary hurler)

**Sean Ryan** is an Irish hurler who plays club hurling for Templederry Kenyons and at inter-county level with the Tipperary senior hurling team.

## Career

On 4 February 2023, Ryan made his league debut for Tipperary in the opening round of the 2023 National Hurling League against Laois as Tipperary won by 2–32 to 0–18.

## InfoBox

Sean Ryan
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Sport | Hurling | | |
| Position | Forward | | |
| Club(s) | | | |
| Years | **Club** | | |
|  | Templederry Kenyons | | |
| Club titles | | | |
| Tipperary titles | 0 | | |
| Inter-county(ies)\* | | | |
| Years | **County** | **Apps (scores)** |
| 2023 - | Tipperary | 0 (0-00) |
| Inter-county titles | | | |
| Munster titles | 0 | | |
| All-Irelands | 0 | | |
| NHL | 0 | | |
| All Stars | 0 | | |
| \*Inter County team apps and scores correct as of 1. | | | |


title: Scrobipalpa rjabovi

abstract: Scrobipalpa rjabovi is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Piskunov in 1990. It is found in Mongolia and Uzbekistan.

text:
# Scrobipalpa rjabovi

***Scrobipalpa rjabovi*** is a moth in the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Piskunov in 1990. It is found in Mongolia and Uzbekistan.

## InfoBox

| *Scrobipalpa rjabovi* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Gelechiidae |
| Genus: | *Scrobipalpa* |
| Species: | ***S. rjabovi*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Scrobipalpa rjabovi***<br>Piskunov, 1990 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Scrobipalpa rjabovi kizilkumica* Piskunov, 1990 | |


title: Securities research

abstract:
Securities research is a discipline within the financial services industry. Securities research professionals are known most generally as "analysts", "research analysts", or "securities analysts"; all the foregoing terms are synonymous. Research analysts produce research reports and typically issue a recommendation: buy ("overweight"), hold, or sell ("underweight"); see target price and trade idea. These reports can be accessed from a number of sources, and brokerages will often offer the reports free to their customers. Research can be categorized by the security type, as well as by whether it is buy-side research or sell-side research; analysts further focus on particular industries. Although usually associated with fundamental analysis, research also focuses on technical analysis, and reports will often include both.
See also Financial analyst § Securities firms.

text:
# Securities research

**Securities research** is a discipline within the financial services industry. Securities research professionals are known most generally as "analysts", "research analysts", or "securities analysts"; all the foregoing terms are synonymous. Research analysts produce research reports and typically issue a recommendation: buy ("overweight"), hold, or sell ("underweight"); see target price and trade idea.

These reports can be accessed from a number of sources, and brokerages will often offer the reports free to their customers. Research can be categorized by the security type, as well as by whether it is buy-side research or sell-side research; analysts further focus on particular industries. Although usually associated with fundamental analysis, research also focuses on technical analysis, and reports will often include both. See also Financial analyst § Securities firms.

## Analyst specialization

Securities analysts are commonly divided between the two basic kinds of securities: equity analysts (researching stocks and their issuers) and fixed income analysts (researching bond issuers); there are various other financial instruments. There are some analysts who cover all of the securities of a particular issuer, stocks and bonds alike.

Securities analysts are usually further subdivided by industry specialization (or sectors)—among the industries with the most analyst coverage are biotechnology, financial services, energy, and computer hardware, software and services. Analysts will regularly attend quarterly earnings conference calls; see also earnings guidance.

Fixed-income analysts are also often subdivided by asset class—among the fixed income asset classes with the most analyst coverage are convertible bonds, high yield bonds (see high-yield debt), and distressed bonds (see distressed securities). Although technically not securities, syndicated bank loans typically fall within the domain of fixed income analysts, and are covered, as if they were bonds, by reference to the industry of their borrowers or asset class in which their credit quality would place them. See Corporate bond § Risk analysis.

Research can be further categorized as buy-side research or sell-side research. Sell-side research is conducted by sell-side analysts at investment banks and independent equity research boutiques, and is sold to buy-side investors. Buy-side research, however, is usually not published as it is created for internal use at an asset manager or hedge fund. Sell-side research is offered as part of a broad set of financial services including broking and corporate finance.

New regulation in Europe, Markets in Financial Instruments Directive II (MiFID II), is set to change how research is bought. Research must be "unbundled" from execution costs and priced by the research provider. It has typically been accessed by institutional investors through Thomson Reuters subscription services or Bloomberg terminals but marketplaces like Research Exchange Ltd have emerged where individual research reports or subscriptions can be purchased.

Independent equity research has largely sprung into existence as a result of scandals such as Enron, Lernout & Hauspie and Worldcom where investment banks wrote positive research despite deteriorating fundamentals or fraudulent management. Credit rating agencies such as Moody's, Fitch, and S&P provide a similar service for bond securities. There are also a few retail investor firms such as Morningstar, SEENSCO, Valueline, Zacks Investment Research and AC Investment Research.

## Regulations

### Qualifications

Qualifications for investment professionals vary by country, with many countries having specific examination boards which handle certification. A notable certification is the CFA.

#### In the United States

In the US, as of 2002, investment professionals seeking to become sell-side equity research analysts must pass the Research Analyst examination administered by FINRA. The exam is divided into two parts: 86 and 87. The Series 86 Research Analyst exam is the Quantitative portion consisting of material from introductory economics and financial accounting. The Series 87 Research Analyst exam is the Regulatory portion consisting of material from the Securities Act of 1933, Securities Exchange Act of 1934, NASD and NYSE Rules. Prior to the update to the FINRA licensing exams in 2018, the Series 7 examination/license was a pre-requisite for the Research Analyst exams. Now, candidates must pass the Securities Industry Essentials exam before taking the Series 86 and 87. The Series 7 Top-Off and Series 63 exams are sometimes required at the state-level for research analysts. Successful completion of the CFA level I & II exams provides a waiver for the Series 86 exam, but not the Series 87 examination.

#### In Hong Kong

In Hong Kong, investment professionals must pass the Paper 1 administered by the Hong Kong Securities Institute. Passing this exam allows the individual to receive the Type 4 license to be a publishing research analyst in Hong Kong.

### Industry rules

Buy-side and independent research are generally unregulated. Sell-side research is subject to regulation by the securities authorities of the locales where it is performed. The large majority of all sell-side research is performed either in the United Kingdom or the United States. UK sell-side research is regulated by the Financial Services Authority. US sell-side research has a more complex regime of regulation. The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission has prescribed certain relevant rules (among them Regulation AC and Regulation FD) but has generally delegated research regulation to the self-regulatory organizations. The principal SROs (the National Association of Securities Dealers and the New York Stock Exchange) have issued detailed regulations of equity research, and much more cursory regulation of fixed income research. (With respect to the latter, the NYSE and the NASD have re-delegated the substance of regulation to the broker-dealer trade group Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association as the merger successor of the Bond Market Association, to whom the role was originally assigned.) The impact upon securities research regulation of the pending merger of the NASD with the regulatory arm of the NYSE is currently uncertain.

In the immediate aftermath of the excesses of the 1990s referred to above, Eliot Spitzer, Governor of the State of New York, asserted a significant role in policing securities research performed by New York-based analysts; it is unclear whether oversight by the New York State Attorney General will become a long-term meaningful component of securities research. The going-forward conduct provisions of a master settlement agreement between (on the one hand) most of the aforesaid U.S. regulators and (on the other hand) many of the largest U.S. broker-dealers, is an important source of ongoing regulation, with the force of law for the broker-dealers who are party to it, and a strong, if not formally legally binding effect, on broker-dealers not party to it.

The latest rule changes are coming into effect in Europe under MiFID II. Research has been deemed an inducement to trade and must be "unbundled" from execution costs. The new rules around Research Unbundling are viewed as a major challenge by asset managers as they materially alter the way in which research has been consumed. Research budgets must be set in advance, payments for research separated from execution, the quality of research regularly assessed, and auditable records of consumption and payments kept. New platforms launched in anticipation of the rules coming into effect. At the same time, accelerator-type initiatives like Boost Research are being created to help independent analysts set up their own businesses for providing independent research and analysis.

## Further reading


title: Second Battle of Heglig

abstract: The Second Battle of Heglig was an armed confrontation of the 2012 South Sudan-Sudan border conflict that broke out on 10 April 2012.

text:
# Second Battle of Heglig

The **Second Battle of Heglig** was an armed confrontation of the 2012 South Sudan-Sudan border conflict that broke out on 10 April 2012.

## Conflict

After claiming that Sudan had been harassing its forces from the air and the use of artillery, South Sudan ordered its forces to attack the Sudanese army in the Heglig area in retaliation.

The Sudan People's Liberation Army launched an offensive northwards, claiming they were chasing retreating Sudanese army units that had attacked South Sudanese territory. The forces from Sudan held defensive positions in and around Heglig and clashes ensued when the South Sudanese army reached the area and engaged them.

After a day of fierce clashes, Sudan admitted that they had been defeated by the South's armed forces despite having put up stiff resistance against "Huge, well equipped forces" from South Sudan.

South Sudanese forces began reinforcing their positions in Heglig on 13 April, whilst Sudan continued to mobilise its own forces. According to the South Sudanese government, the frontlines had remained static during the day. Sudanese forces claimed to be advancing on Heglig and that the situation would be dealt with "within hours." A spokesman of the Sudanese government said that its army was on the outskirts of Heglig, while South Sudan's government said that it would defend themselves if attacked. The Sudanese government spokesman also added that South Sudan failed to control "all of South Kordofan state."

Sudanese warplanes bombed Heglig on 15 April, with Southern officials accusing the North of "bombing the central processing facility to rubble". Sudan strongly denied the claims.

On 20 April 2012 the Sudanese armed forces entered Heglig and controlled the oil field The Sudanese army claimed to have killed over 1,000 South Sudanese soldiers at Heglig. The death toll however is impossible to verify but an AFP correspondent in Heglig said the putrid bodies of dead South Sudanese lay beneath trees scattered about the area. He said the number of bodies was so large they were "uncountable". He also said, the corpses bore the South Sudanese flag on their uniforms. Earlier in the occupation one Southern soldier in Bentiu, capital of the South's Unity state, said: "There are so many bodies at the front line, so many dead" that it is impossible to bury them or bring them back. South Sudan denied these claims .

## InfoBox

| Second Battle of Heglig | |
| --- | --- |
| Part of the Heglig Crisis | |
| Date 10–20 April 2012  Location Heglig, Sudan9°59′58″N 29°23′55″E / 9.999444°N 29.398611°E / 9.999444; 29.398611  Result  Sudanese Victory  Territorial<br>changes  Recapture of Heglig | |
| Belligerents | |
| South Sudan | Sudan |
| Commanders and leaders | |
| Salva Kiir | Omar al-Bashir |
| Strength | |
| unknown | 1,000 soldiers |
| class=notpageimage|Heglig within Sudan. | |


title: Sea Dragon Heir

abstract: The Sea Dragon Heir is a 1999 fantasy novel by Storm Constantine.

text:
# Sea Dragon Heir

***The Sea Dragon Heir*** is a 1999 fantasy novel by Storm Constantine.

## Plot

The plot centers on a royal family, long tainted by a curse put upon them by the emperor many hundreds of years before. The son of every Palindrake (literally meaning Water Dragon) king was named Valraven; according to the traditional mythology, any woman that he took to wife would immediately become the Sea Wife, a being who could capture and hold the dragon daughters within herself. The emperor tries twice, once unsuccessfully and once successfully, to awaken the dragon queen and her daughters.

### Part One

*Sea Dragon Heir* starts with Pharinet describing her life as a young girl, playing in the gardens with her best friends Ellony and Khaster, and thinking about her brother's future.

### Part Two

Valraven and Pharinet engage in twincest, leaving Pharinet pregnant with her brother's child. Valraven attends a military academy where he meets a brash and sexually extrovert young man. Pharinet visits a soothsayer who predicts the miscarriage of her child. The prediction is realised a few days after she leaves.

### Part Three

Valraven returns with his lover, who takes an interest in Pharinet, culminating in them having sex. He empties his seed into her saying, "Now I have been in both of you." Ellony is possessed by the Sea Dragon's singing, so allured by the melody that she runs into the sea and drowns.

## Characters

* Valraven: The Sea Dragon Heir. His military nature could perhaps explain his aloofness and incapacity to show emotion. On the other hand the "accident" on the beach could explain the change in his personality.
* Pharinet: Valraven's twin sister. The two share an incestuous relationship in Part One. However the death of Ellony marks a significant change in his attitude towards Pharinet.
* Ellony: The first Sea Wife. Ellony was Pharinet's best friend when they were younger, but when Ellony was betrothed to Valraven and pronounced just how much she loved Pharinet's brother, whose heart was already taken by herself, she began to hate Ellony. Ellony did not really know this and she believed that she was still Pharinet's best friend, even after her own wedding. She died during the "accident" though, taken into the sea by the Dragon Queen's daughters.
* Khaster: Ellony's brother. Khaster married Pharinet at the same time as Ellony married Valraven, and he also joined the military like Valraven.

## Reception

*Kirkus Reviews* called *Sea Dragon Heir* "a carefully plotted, beautifully detailed fantasy family-saga" but said it was "spoiled by a thin, trite storyline," indicating that "the midstream point-of-view switch doesn't help." *Interzone* described that "several things lift this book above most would-be fantasy blockbusters", complimenting the story pace, the prose, and the plot which the reviewer considered to be intriguing and dark. A review from *Realms of Fantasy* was also complimentary, noting that "*Sea Dragon Heir* has it all. Courtly politics, plots within plots, mystery, romance, sex, magic, monsters, and gods. But Constantine overlaps bits and pieces of this tale, turns things upside down, oftentimes confusing the reader in the best of all possible ways." The book was also reviewed in *Publishers Weekly*.

## InfoBox

The Sea Dragon Heir
| First edition | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Storm Constantine |
| Language | English |
| Series | *Mangravadian* series |
| Genre | Fantasy |
| Publication date | January 1, 1999 |
| Publication place | United Kingdom |
| Media type | Hardcover |
| ISBN | 978-0-312-87366-0 |
| OCLC | 46429044 |
| Followed by | *The Crown of Silence* (2000) |


abstract: Secretaría de Recreación y Deportes Francisco "Pancho" Coimbre is a sports complex, located on Avenida Las Americas in Ponce, Puerto Rico. It features a 3-story gymnasium building, a gazebo, and a natatorium. It was named "Francisco 'Pancho' Coimbre" in April 1990 in honor of the Ponce baseball star.

text:
# Secretaría de Recreación y Deportes Francisco "Pancho" Coimbre

**Secretaría de Recreación y Deportes Francisco "Pancho" Coimbre** is a sports complex, located on Avenida Las Americas in Ponce, Puerto Rico. It features a 3-story gymnasium building, a gazebo, and a natatorium. It was named "Francisco 'Pancho' Coimbre" in April 1990 in honor of the Ponce baseball star.

## History

The idea of a sports complex was conceived by three Ponce athletes, sports enthusiasts and then Oficina Municipal de Deportes (Municipal Sports Bureau). José Antonnetti, Pedro and Jorge Negron Archeval are names that will be linked to the Secretaria de Recreacion y Deportes and the history of Ponce sports. Ten years later, in 1990, the main building was named after Francisco "Pancho" Coimbre, to the memory of the Ponce baseball player. On 7 February 1980, construction work was completed for the structure to house the administrative headquarters and recreational facilities of the Secretaría de Recreación y Deportes of the municipality of Ponce. Ten years after its opening, in April 1990, it was named "Francisco 'Pancho' Coimbre" in honor of the Ponce baseball star.

## Location

The building is located at the southwest corner of Avenida Las Americas and PR-2 in Ponce, Puerto Rico. The facilities were inaugurated on 10 February 1980. Its location next to Estadio Paquito Montaner and Coliseo Pachín Vicéns turned the area into the professional sports center of the city.

## Further reading

Carmelo Rosario Natal. *Ponce En Su Historia Moderna: 1945-2002.* Published by Secretaría de Cultura y Turismo of the Government of the Autonomous Municipality of Ponce. Ponce, Puerto Rico. 2003. p. 147-148.

18°0′14.9754″N 66°37′44.724″W / 18.004159833°N 66.62909000°W / 18.004159833; -66.62909000

## InfoBox

Secretaría de Recreación y Deportes Francisco "Pancho" Coimbre
| *Secretaría de Recreación y Deportes* | |
| --- | --- |
| Main entrance to the *Secretaría de Recreación y Deportes* | |
|  | |
| Location | Ponce, Puerto Rico |
| Owner | Municipality of Ponce |
| Operator | Municipality of Ponce |
| Opened | February 10, 1980 |


title: Secretin family

abstract: Glucagon/gastric inhibitory polypeptide/secretin/vasoactive intestinal peptide hormones are a family of evolutionarily related peptide hormones that regulate activity of G-protein-coupled receptors from the secretin receptor family. A number of polypeptidic hormones, mainly expressed in the intestine or the pancreas, belong to a group of these structurally related peptides. One such hormone, glucagon, is widely distributed and produced in the alpha-cells of pancreatic islets. It affects glucose metabolism in the liver by inhibiting glycogen synthesis, stimulating glycogenolysis and enhancing gluconeogenesis. It also increases mobilisation of glucose, free fatty acids, and ketone bodies, which are metabolites produced in excess in diabetes mellitus. Glucagon is produced, like other peptide hormones, as part of a larger precursor (preproglucagon), which is cleaved to produce glucagon, glucagon-like protein I, glucagon-like protein II, and glicentin. The structure of glucagon itself is fully conserved in all mammalian species in which it has been studied. Other members of the structurally similar group include secretin, gastric inhibitory peptide, vasoactive intestinal peptide, prealbumin, peptide HI-27, and growth hormone releasing factor.

text:
# Secretin family

**Glucagon/gastric inhibitory polypeptide/secretin/vasoactive intestinal peptide hormones** are a family of evolutionarily related peptide hormones that regulate activity of G-protein-coupled receptors from the secretin receptor family.

A number of polypeptidic hormones, mainly expressed in the intestine or the pancreas, belong to a group of these structurally related peptides. One such hormone, glucagon, is widely distributed and produced in the alpha-cells of pancreatic islets. It affects glucose metabolism in the liver by inhibiting glycogen synthesis, stimulating glycogenolysis and enhancing gluconeogenesis. It also increases mobilisation of glucose, free fatty acids, and ketone bodies, which are metabolites produced in excess in diabetes mellitus. Glucagon is produced, like other peptide hormones, as part of a larger precursor (preproglucagon), which is cleaved to produce glucagon, glucagon-like protein I, glucagon-like protein II, and glicentin. The structure of glucagon itself is fully conserved in all mammalian species in which it has been studied. Other members of the structurally similar group include secretin, gastric inhibitory peptide, vasoactive intestinal peptide, prealbumin, peptide HI-27, and growth hormone releasing factor.

## Human hormones from this family

ADCYAP1; GCG; GHRH; GIP; SCT; VIP;

This article incorporates text from the public domain Pfam and InterPro: IPR000532

## InfoBox

| Glucagon (1gcn) | |
| --- | --- |
| Identifiers | |
| Symbol | Hormone\_2 |
| Pfam | PF00123 |
| InterPro | IPR000532 |
| PROSITE | PDOC00233 |
| SCOP2 | 1gcn / SCOPe / SUPFAM |
| OPM superfamily | 145 |
| OPM protein | 1gcn |
| Available protein structures:  Pfam structures / ECOD  PDB RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj  PDBsum structure summary | |


title: Secrete (helmet)

abstract: The secrete or secret, a French term adopted into English usage, was a type of helmet designed to be concealed beneath a hat.

text:
# Secrete (helmet)

The **secrete** or **secret**, a French term adopted into English usage, was a type of helmet designed to be concealed beneath a hat.

## Usage

In the 17th century, cavalrymen, especially fashion-conscious members of the gentry or aristocracy, who wished to wear fashionable broad-brimmed felt hats, but also retain some level of protection for the head, would employ a hidden helmet called a *secrete*. This type of helmet could also be worn by civilians, including some of the judges at Charles I's trial, who believed that their safety was threatened. The existence of a large number of *secrete* helmets of a very similar type all stored together in the Tower of London suggests that they were occasionally issued to troops as a uniform piece of military equipment.

## Appearance

The *secrete* was usually a small skull-cap of iron or steel pierced around its rim. The piercing allowed it to be sewn into the inside of a hat. The *secrete* was then undetectable to any observer, but offered considerably more protection from edged weapons than could a felt hat alone. Many different designs were used, some had solid domes, others were ring-shaped with a scalloped lower edge, presumably to save weight. A few exceptional examples had a folding cage of bars, which could be drawn down to afford protection to the face when in action. A further type of head protection which could be considered to fall under the same category, as it was intended to deceive the observer and mimic civilian headgear, was an entire broad-brimmed hat made of iron or steel. Such hat-helmets were either covered in cloth, or blackened and given a dulled finish so as to resemble felt. King Charles I of England is recorded as possessing such a helmet.

* Bull, S. (1991) *An Historical Guide to Arms and Armour,* Studio Editions, London, ISBN 1 85170 723 9
* Tincey, J. (McBride, A. - illustrator) (1990) *Soldiers of the English Civil War (2) Cavalry*, Osprey Publishing, ISBN 0-85045-940-0


title: Secrets of Astrology

abstract: Secrets of Astrology, released in 2000, is the fifth album, but the fourth studio recorded album, by symphonic rock vocalist, Lana Lane. Though this album is Lane's fifth album release in the US, it is her eighth in Japan. The album was recorded in the Netherlands and in Los Angeles and mixed in the Netherlands by Oscar Holleman. Mastering was executed at Abbey Road Studios in London. The album contains 13 songs, whereas the 13th track is listed as a bonus track. In the North American and Japanese releases of Secrets of Astrology, the bonus track is a song entitled, "Romeo and Juliet", a song Lane had recorded during the recording sessions for this album. In the European release of Secrets of Astrology, the bonus track is a song entitled, "Rhapsody", a song that Lane had recorded during the recording sessions for her 1998 album, Queen of the Ocean.

text:
# Secrets of Astrology

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic |  |

***Secrets of Astrology***, released in 2000, is the fifth album, but the fourth studio recorded album, by symphonic rock vocalist, Lana Lane. Though this album is Lane's fifth album release in the US, it is her eighth in Japan. The album was recorded in the Netherlands and in Los Angeles and mixed in the Netherlands by Oscar Holleman. Mastering was executed at Abbey Road Studios in London.

The album contains 13 songs, whereas the 13th track is listed as a bonus track. In the North American and Japanese releases of *Secrets of Astrology*, the bonus track is a song entitled, "Romeo and Juliet", a song Lane had recorded during the recording sessions for this album. In the European release of *Secrets of Astrology*, the bonus track is a song entitled, "Rhapsody", a song that Lane had recorded during the recording sessions for her 1998 album, *Queen of the Ocean*.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Erik Norlander, except where indicated

North American & Japanese Release
| No. | Title | Lyrics | Music | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Astrology Prelude" |  |  | 3:59 |
| 2. | "Secrets of Astrology" |  |  | 8:33 |
| 3. | "Alexandria" | Lana Lane | Lana Lane | 5:16 |
| 4. | "Raining" |  |  | 6:17 |
| 5. | "The Bell" | Lane, Norlander | Lane, Norlander | 5:16 |
| 6. | "Speed of Sound" |  |  | 5:24 |
| 7. | "Under the Sun" |  |  | 4:43 |
| 8. | "Tarot" | Lane, Norlander | Lane, Arjen Anthony Lucassen | 4:47 |
| 9. | "Asherah" |  |  | 6:51 |
| 10. | "Guardian Angel" | Lane, Norlander | Mark McCrite | 6:41 |
| 11. | "Long Winter Dreams" |  |  | 5:49 |
| 12. | "Astrology Postlude" |  |  | 3:38 |
| 13. | "Romeo and Juliet" | Lane, Norlander | Lane, Norlander |  |

European release bonus track
| No. | Title | Lyrics | Music | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 13. | "Rhapsody" | Norlander | Norlander, McCrite | 5:25 |

## Personnel

* Lana Lane \- vocals
* Erik Norlander \- keyboards, mellotron, organ, piano, producer, engineer, mixing, mastering
* Tony Franklin \- bass, acoustic guitar, percussion, backing vocals
* Arjen Anthony Lucassen \- guitars, acoustic guitar, bass, mellotron on track 8
* David Victor - guitars
* Mark McCrite - acoustic guitar, mellotron on track 1
* Robert Soeterboek - harmony vocals
* Ed Warby \- drums
* Istvan Szeker - violin
* Novi Novog \- viola
* Cameron Stone - cello
* Oscar Holleman - engineer, mixing
* Stephen van Haestregt - engineer

## InfoBox

| Secrets of Astrology | |
| --- | --- |
| Cover art by Michael Parkes | |
| Studio album by Lana Lane | |
| Released | 19 April 2000 |
| Recorded | RS29, Waalwijk, The Electric Castle, Rijsbergen and Sync Music, Breda, The Netherlands,
The Walden West Recorder, Woodland Hills, California
December 1999-February 2000 |
| Genre | Symphonic rock, symphonic metal |
| Length | 72:37 |
| Label | LMP / Inside Out Music / SPV (Europe and US)
Avalon (Japan) |
| Producer | Erik Norlander |
| Lana Lane chronology | |
| *Best of Lana Lane 1995 - 1999*
(1999) ***Secrets of Astrology***
(2000) *Ballad Collection II*
(2000) | |


title: Seibu Keisatsu

abstract: Seibu Keisatsu is a Japanese television drama series produced by Ishihara Promotions and broadcast on TV Asahi.

text:
# Seibu Keisatsu

**Seibu Keisatsu** (西部警察, *Western Police*) is a Japanese television drama series produced by Ishihara Promotions (石原プロモーション, *ishihara puromōshon*) and broadcast on TV Asahi.

## Plot

The series portrays the Western Police Headquarters Criminal Investigation Division's Sergeant Keisuke Daimon, played by Tetsuya Watari and his subordinates, dubbed the Daimon Force (大門軍団, *Daimon Gundan*), and their superior, Section Chief Kogure, played by Yujiro Ishihara, as they fight against Tokyo's underworld.

With its flashy, over-the-top explosion scenes, and car stunts, this series gained a reputation as a macho drama. It is representative of the police & detective dramas of the 1980s.

## Series

* *Seibu Keisatsu* (10/14/1979 – 4/18/1982)
* *Seibu Keisatsu Part II* (5/30/1982 – 3/20/1983)
* *Seibu Keisatsu Part III* (4/3/1983 – 10/22/1984)
* *Seibu Keisatsu Special* (10/31/2004)

## Cast

## Statistics

During the 5-year course of the show, a total of 236 episodes were filmed, with roughly 4,680 vehicles of all types being destroyed during the course of filming, 4.8 tons of explosives being used as well as close to 320 buildings destroyed. Surprisingly, no deaths were recorded, though there were six injured staff and crew members. The average viewer rating was at 14.5% in the Kanto Area.

## Vehicles

### Daimon Force

Nissan provided a wide variety of vehicles for the show, most notably for use as police vehicles as well as villain vehicles. The majority of the patrol cars in the show are a mix of Nissan Laurel, Gloria, Cedric as well as Skyline sedans. For vehicle wrecking scenes the 230 and 330 model Cedrics, Glorias and Laurels were mainly used; as the filming staff had strict orders not to damage any of the 430 model Cedric marked patrol cars.

The series also had several notable cars used by the main heroes, including RS Machines 1 to 3, all of which were based on the Nissan Skyline DR30 Turbo RS; as well as Machine-X, a modified Nissan Skyline 2000 TURBO GT-E (HGC211) used primarily by Chief Daimon. There was also Super-Z: a modified Nissan 280ZX 2+2 with gull-wing doors, turbocharger, nitrous, computers, and also quad 20mm guns mounted on the hood. More noteworthy vehicles include a 1980 Nissan Safari which was also heavily modified with a radar camera, computer and also a water cannon with a water pressure so high it was shown to be able to flip a car; three modified Nissan Skylines, dubbed RS vehicles (all modified for special use by the Daimon Force) and a 1980 Nissan Gazelle convertible, which was Section Chief Kogure's personal vehicle. Being a motorcycle cop from the beginning of the series Eiji Hatomura (played by Hiroshi Tachi) used modified Suzuki motorcycles; in particular a GSX1100 Katana, which was his character's favourite bike in the series.

Almost all of the special vehicles are as of today, preserved by Ishihara Promotion.

Daimon Force automobiles Hatomura's motorcycles

### Antagonists

The series' antagonists used a wide variety of vehicles, some of the most notable including:

* a massive armored car, the TU-89 355 Ladybird used in episode 1 and 2 of Part I by a hired right-wing mercenary and his henchmen aiming for a national coup d'etat and revenge against Daimon
* an illegally-modified Mercury Cougar used by bank robbers in episode 45 of Part I
* a stolen Ford Torino, used in episode 47 of Part I
* a hijacked Hiroshima Electric Railway 750 tram in episode 18 of Part II
* a Hamana Lake pleasure boat used in episode 11 of Part II by gold smugglers
* an Isuzu Elf in episode 26 of Part II
* a disguised Nissan Cedric van used by jewel smugglers in Episode 39
* a fishing boat used in episode 19 of Part III by weapons smugglers
* a fake Super Z used by a rival of Daimon's in episode 14 of Part III
* a train carrying the MX-83, a tactical ballistic missile used in episode 23 of Part III with the specific use of destroying a ship carrying exiled African politicians
* a tanker truck made by Hino Motors in episode 30 of Part III
* a hijacked Nissan Diesel tour bus used in episode 39 of Part III

*Daitokai* Series (1976–79) similar detective drama on NTV.

## InfoBox

| *Seibu Keisatsu* | |
| --- | --- |
| Replica of Super Z (スーパーZ) | |
| Directed by | Keiichi Ozawa
Yasuharu Hasebe
Toru Murakawa |
| Starring |  |
| Narrated by | Kiyoshi Kobayashi |
| Country of origin | Japan |
| No. of seasons | 3 TV series, 1 Special |
| No. of episodes | 238 |
| Production | |
| Running time | 54 minutes |
| Original release | |
| Network | TV Asahi |
| Release | October 10, 1979 (1979-10-10)
October 22, 1984 (1984-10-22) |


title: Selenite

abstract: Selenite may refer to:

text:
# Selenite

**Selenite** may refer to:

## Substances containing selenium

* A selenium-containing anion or ionic compound with the SeO32− anion:
    + Selenite (ion), anion is a selenium oxoanion with the chemical formula SeO32−
        - Selenous acid, the conjugate acid, with the formula H2SeO3
        - Salts of this anion:
            * Silver selenite, an inorganic compound of formula Ag2SeO3
            * Sodium selenite, a salt, a colourless solid, and the most common water-soluble selenium compound
* Selenite broth, an enrichment medium for the isolation of *Salmonella* species

## Other


title: Sekmenevsk Formation

abstract: The Sekmenevsk Formation is a Cretaceous geologic formation in the Kursk Oblast of European Russia. Pterosaur fossils have been recovered from the formation.

text:
# Sekmenevsk Formation

The **Sekmenevsk Formation** (Russian: **Sekmenevska Svita**) is a Cretaceous (Albian to Cenomanian) geologic formation in the Kursk Oblast of European Russia. Pterosaur fossils have been recovered from the formation.

## Fossil content

The following fossils have been reported from the formation:

### Bibliography

* Kiprianow, W (1883), "Studien über die Fossilen Reptilien Russlands. IV. Theil. Ordnung Crocodilina Oppel. Indeterminirte Fossile Reptilien - Studies on Russian fossil reptiles. Part IV. Order Crocodilina Oppel. Indeterminate fossil reptiles", *Mémoires de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de Saint-Pétersbourg*, VIIe série, **31**: 1–29

## InfoBox

| Sekmenevsk Formation | |
| --- | --- |
| Stratigraphic range: Albian-Cenomanian<br>~ | |
| Type | Geological formation |
| Lithology | |
| Primary | Sandstone |
| Other | Phosphate |
| Location | |
| Coordinates | 51°54′N 36°12′E / 51.9°N 36.2°E / 51.9; 36.2 |
| Approximate paleocoordinates | 42°54′N 32°42′E / 42.9°N 32.7°E / 42.9; 32.7 |
| Region | Kursk Oblast |
| Country | Russia |
| Sekmenevsk Formation (Russia)Sekmenevsk Formation (Kursk Oblast) | |


title: Second Reformed Church Hackensack

abstract: The Second Reformed Church of Hackensack is a church in Hackensack, New Jersey, located at the intersections of Anderson, Union and Ward Streets. The church is a member of the Reformed Church in America. Some of Louis Comfort Tiffany's favorite stained glass windows are at the church. Tiffany would bring clients to the church to help them select from the church's broad designs. There are 10 Tiffany windows ranging in design from realistic styles to impressionistic styles.

text:
# Second Reformed Church Hackensack

The **Second Reformed Church of Hackensack** is a church in Hackensack, New Jersey, located at the intersections of Anderson, Union and Ward Streets. The church is a member of the Reformed Church in America. Some of Louis Comfort Tiffany's favorite stained glass windows are at the church. Tiffany would bring clients to the church to help them select from the church's broad designs. There are 10 Tiffany windows ranging in design from realistic styles to impressionistic styles.

## History

The congregation was created on October 31, 1855. The first services were held in the First Reformed Dutch Church, Hackensack. The building was erected starting on July 30, 1856, on the corner of State and Berry Streets. The land had been donated by Maria Berry and her family. The cornerstone was laid by Reverend John Knox from Manhattan, New York City. The construction was completed in 1857.

This first building was destroyed in a fire on April 15, 1907. The church had just celebrated its 50th anniversary of its completion the previous month. They had made their last mortgage payment. The fire started at a nearby carpenter's shop. The interior of the church had just been redecorated.

The cornerstone of the present church building was laid on June 21, 1908. The building had a parsonage that has been sold. The church is constructed of native field stones from the stone walls of nearby farms. In 1965 an administrative wing was added to the church.

In 1991 the New Community Church of Teaneck was merged into the Second Reformed Church.

## Pastors

The pastors are as follows:

| Pastor | Term start | Term end | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| James Demarest | 1856 | 1863 | He was born in 1832. He died in 1913. |
| George H. Fisher | 1864 | 1870 |  |
| Cyrus Bervick Durand | 1871 | 1883 | He was born on July 27, 1836, in Manhattan, New York City, to Cyrus Durand and Phoebe Wade. He attended Rutgers University from 1854 to 1858, A. B., 1858; A. M., 1862. He attended the New Brunswick Theological Seminary, B.D., 1862. In 1863 he married Sarah Merrereau; children, Jennie, Juliet. He became the pastor of the Reformed Church in Preakness, New Jersey, from 1863 to 1868; the Reformed Church in Boonton, New Jersey, from 1868 to 1871; the Reformed Church in Hackensack from 1871 to 1882 or 1883; Assistant rector Calvary Episcopal Church, New York, from 1882 to 1885. He was rector of the St. James Church in Newark, New Jersey, from 1885 to at least 1900. |
| Arthur Johnson | 1884 | 1923 |  |
| John Charles Rauscher | 1923 | 1945 | He was born on 1 March 1873 in Corona, Queens. He was previously at the Twelfth Street Reformed Church in Brooklyn, New York City. |
| Harvey B. Hoffman | 1945 | 1961 |  |
| Daniel Y. Brink | 1962 | 1969 |  |
| Robert A. Phillips | 1969 | 1970 | He was an associate pastor. |
| Edwin G. Mulder | 1970 | 1976 | He was the general secretary of the Reformed Church in America from 1983 to August 31, 1994. He graduated from the Western Theological Seminary in Holland, Michigan, in 1954. |
| David H. Manting | 1976 | 1979 | He was an associate pastor. |
| Jack K. White | 1980 | 1988 |  |
| Jon N. Norton | 1989 | 1995 | He served three churches: Fort Lee, New Jersey, Hackensack, New Jersey, and Spring Valley, New York. He was the executive minister of the Reformed Church in America Synod of New York. |
| Dennis B. Wilcox | 1995 | 2012 | He was born on July 27, 1945, in Grand Rapids, Michigan. He married Carol Lynn Kolkman of Grandville, Michigan, in 1966. He attended Hope College in Holland, Michigan, and graduated in 1967. Dennis was ordained by the Classis of North Grand Rapids in June 1971. He was then the pastor of the Peace Reformed Church in Mt. Prospect, Illinois. From August 1975 until July 1982, he served as the pastor of the Calvary Reformed Church of Holland, Michigan. In August 1982, he became pastor of the Central Reformed Church in Sioux Center, Iowa. In January 1995, he became the Pastor of the Second Reformed Church in Hackensack, New Jersey. He also serves as the chaplain of the Hackensack Fire Department. In May 2003, he was named as a Fellow in Pastoral Leadership Development by the Princeton Theological Seminary in Princeton, New Jersey. |
|

## Windows

The Second Reformed Church is famous for its Tiffany glass windows. One example is The Angels of Praise, a large window that was part of the 1893 International Exhibition in Chicago.

## InfoBox

| Second Reformed Church Hackensack | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Address | 436 Union St |
| Town or city | Hackensack |
| Country | United States |
| Coordinates | 40°53′31″N 74°02′28″W / 40.891869°N 74.041042°W / 40.891869; -74.041042 |
| Groundbreaking | June 21, 1908 |
| Owner | Reformed Church in America |


title: Selenastrum

abstract: Selenastrum is a genus of green algae in the family Selenastraceae. It is common in freshwater habitats around the world. Most species prefer temperate or warm-temperate waters. The genus was circumscribed by the German phycologist Paul Friedrich Reinsch in 1866. The name Selenastrum comes from the Greek roots selene, meaning "moon", and astron, meaning "star".

text:
# Selenastrum

***Selenastrum*** is a genus of green algae in the family Selenastraceae. It is common in freshwater habitats around the world. Most species prefer temperate or warm-temperate waters.

The genus was circumscribed by the German phycologist Paul Friedrich Reinsch in 1866. The name *Selenastrum* comes from the Greek roots *selene*, meaning "moon", and *astron*, meaning "star".

## Description

*Selenastrum* forms colonies of cells, numbering four, eight, 16, or 32. Cells are strongly curved and crescent-shaped, with pointed ends; the cells are attached to each other on their convex sides. Each cell contains a single parietal chloroplast.

Like other members of the family, *Selenastrum* reproduces asexually, by forming autospores. Zoospores and sexual reproduction have not been observed in this genus.

## Taxonomy

*Selenastrum* has had an unstable taxonomic history. *Selenastrum* is distinguished from the similar and related genus *Ankistrodesmus* by the curvature of the cells; *Selenastrum* has more strongly curved cells. However, the distinction between the two genera is artificial, as shown by molecular phylogenetic data. In 2016, the genera *Messastrum* and *Curvastrum* were created, differing from *Selenastrum* mainly in their 18S rDNA and *rbcL* gene sequences. *Curvastrum* additionally differs from *Selenastrum* in its colony size, forming solitary cells or colonies of up to four cells. Both genera are monotypic, containing the species *Messastrum gracile* (formerly *Selenastrum gracile*) and *Curvastrum pantanale*, respectively.

## InfoBox

| *Selenastrum* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Selenastrum bibraianum* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| *Clade*: | Viridiplantae |
| Division: | Chlorophyta |
| Class: | Chlorophyceae |
| Order: | Sphaeropleales |
| Family: | Selenastraceae |
| Genus: | *Selenastrum*
Reinsch |
|
| Type species | |
| *Selenastrum bibraianum*
Reinsch, 1866
 | |
| Species | |
|  | |


title: Selenate reductase

abstract:
In enzymology, a selenate reductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
  - selenite + H2O + acceptor ⇌ selenate + reduced acceptor The 3 substrates of this enzyme are selenite, H2O, and acceptor, whereas its two products are selenate and reduced acceptor. This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is selenite:reduced acceptor oxidoreductase.

text:
# Selenate reductase

In enzymology, a **selenate reductase** (EC 1.97.1.9) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

selenite + H2O + acceptor $\rightleftharpoons $ selenate + reduced acceptor

The 3 substrates of this enzyme are selenite, H2O, and acceptor, whereas its two products are selenate and reduced acceptor.

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is **selenite:reduced acceptor oxidoreductase**.

* Schroder I, Rech S, Krafft T, Macy JM (1997). "Purification and characterization of the selenate reductase from Thauera selenatis". *J. Biol. Chem*. **272** (38): 23765–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.38.23765. PMID 9295321.
* Macy JM, Rech S, Auling G, Dorsch M, Stackebrandt E, Sly LI (1993). "Thauera selenatis gen. nov., sp. nov., a member of the beta subclass of Proteobacteria with a novel type of anaerobic respiration". *Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol*. **43** (1): 135–42. doi:10.1099/00207713-43-1-135. PMID 8427805.
* Krafft T, Bowen A, Theis F, Macy JM (2000). "Cloning and sequencing of the genes encoding the periplasmic-cytochrome B-containing selenate reductase of Thauera selenatis". *DNA Seq*. **10** (6): 365–77. doi:10.3109/10425170009015604. PMID 10826693.
* Stolz JF, Oremland RS (1999). "Bacterial respiration of arsenic and selenium". *FEMS Microbiol. Rev*. **23** (5): 615–27. doi:10.1111/j.1574-6976.1999.tb00416.x. PMID 10525169.

## InfoBox

| Selenate reductase | |
| --- | --- |
| Identifiers | |
| EC no. | 1.97.1.9 |
| Databases | |
| IntEnz | IntEnz view |
| BRENDA | BRENDA entry |
| ExPASy | NiceZyme view |
| KEGG | KEGG entry |
| MetaCyc | metabolic pathway |
| PRIAM | profile |
| PDB structures | RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum |
| Search  PMC articles  PubMed articles  NCBI proteins | |


title: Selenate

abstract: The selenate ion is SeO2−4. Selenates are analogous to sulfates and have similar chemistry. They are highly soluble in aqueous solutions at ambient temperatures. Unlike sulfate, selenate is a somewhat good oxidizer; it can be reduced to selenite or selenium. In strongly acidic conditions, the hydrogen selenate ion, HSeO−4, is formed. It corresponds to the selenic acid, H2SeO4, which is a strong acid and can in its concentrated form dissolve gold. The element selenium exhibits several valence states. Selenate is the least reduced, followed by selenite, and elemental selenium; selenide is even more reduced than elemental selenium. The valence state is an important factor to the toxicity of selenium. Selenate is the form required by organisms that need selenium as a micronutrient. These organisms have the ability to acquire, metabolize and excrete selenium. The level at which selenium becomes toxic varies from species to species and is related to other environmental factors like pH and alkalinity that influence the concentration of selenite over selenate. Selenate and other forms of selenium are highest in areas where ancient seas have evaporated. These areas are enriched in selenium and over millennia, biologic adaptation has occurred.

text:
# Selenate

The **selenate** ion is SeO2−
4.

Selenates are analogous to sulfates and have similar chemistry. They are highly soluble in aqueous solutions at ambient temperatures.

Unlike sulfate, selenate is a somewhat good oxidizer; it can be reduced to selenite or selenium.

In strongly acidic conditions, the hydrogen selenate ion, HSeO
4, is formed. It corresponds to the selenic acid, H2SeO4, which is a strong acid and can in its concentrated form dissolve gold.

The element selenium exhibits several valence states. Selenate is the least reduced, followed by selenite, and elemental selenium; selenide is even more reduced than elemental selenium. The valence state is an important factor to the toxicity of selenium. Selenate is the form required by organisms that need selenium as a micronutrient. These organisms have the ability to acquire, metabolize and excrete selenium. The level at which selenium becomes toxic varies from species to species and is related to other environmental factors like pH and alkalinity that influence the concentration of selenite over selenate.

Selenate and other forms of selenium are highest in areas where ancient seas have evaporated. These areas are enriched in selenium and over millennia, biologic adaptation has occurred.

## InfoBox

Selenate
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Names | |
| IUPAC name selenate | |
| Other names selenate ion | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number |  |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| PubChem CID |  |
| UNII |  |
| SMILES * \[O-\]\[Se+2\](\[O-\])(\[O-\])\[O-\] | |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | SeO2−
4 |
| Conjugate acid | Hydrogen selenate |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C \[77 °F\], 100 kPa).  Infobox references | |


title: Sega Sports R&D

abstract: Sega Sports Research and Development Sega Sports Research and Development, or Sega Sports R&D, was a development division of the Japanese video game company Sega. It was previously known as Smilebit, one of nine semi-autonomous studios which Sega established in 2000. Smilebit was previously known as R&D6 or AM6 which itself was mainly based on Sega PC. Smilebit was known for its sports simulation titles, as well as Jet Set Radio. When Sega started releasing games for other platforms, Smilebit began developing games for the Xbox, with Jet Set Radio Future, Panzer Dragoon Orta and GunValkyrie. Smilebit was led by Shun Arai as president and Takayuki Kawagoe as director. Kawagoe became president of Smilebit in 2003. During a re-organization, Sega's nine studios were consolidated into "four of five core operations", and the non-sports staff of Smilebit was merged into Amusement Vision. Smilebit became exclusively dedicated to sports titles, with the Virtua Striker series from Amusement Vision becoming attributed to Smilebit. When Sega and Sammy were merged into Sega Sammy Holdings, all of the studios merged back into Sega. Smilebit became Sega Sports R&D and developed more sport simulation games, as well as the first entry of the Mario & Sonic at the Olympic Games series. Later, these games were later given to CS1 and CS2 designations, and Sega Sports R&D ceased to exist.

text:
# Sega Sports R&D

**Sega Sports Research and Development (セガスポーツの研究開発, *Segasupōtsu no kenkyū kaihatsu*)**, or **Sega Sports R&D**, was a development division of the Japanese video game company Sega. It was previously known as **Smilebit**, one of nine semi-autonomous studios which Sega established in 2000. Smilebit was previously known as R&D6 or AM6 which itself was mainly based on Sega PC. Smilebit was known for its sports simulation titles, as well as *Jet Set Radio.* When Sega started releasing games for other platforms, Smilebit began developing games for the Xbox, with *Jet Set Radio Future*, *Panzer Dragoon Orta* and *GunValkyrie*. Smilebit was led by Shun Arai as president and Takayuki Kawagoe as director. Kawagoe became president of Smilebit in 2003.

During a re-organization, Sega's nine studios were consolidated into "four of five core operations", and the non-sports staff of Smilebit was merged into Amusement Vision. Smilebit became exclusively dedicated to sports titles, with the *Virtua Striker* series from Amusement Vision becoming attributed to Smilebit. When Sega and Sammy were merged into Sega Sammy Holdings, all of the studios merged back into Sega. Smilebit became Sega Sports R&D and developed more sport simulation games, as well as the first entry of the *Mario & Sonic at the Olympic Games* series. Later, these games were later given to CS1 and CS2 designations, and Sega Sports R&D ceased to exist.

## History

When Shun Arai joined Sega, he desired to develop a few online projects as Sega diversified into business ventures such as home banking. Arai was in charge of the Sega Saturn development tools and technical support. Based on this, Sega asked Arai to develop an online game when Smilebit was founded. That title was Hundred Swords which was developed for the Dreamcast. Smilebit as a name was chosen to bring happiness to its users and the digital term 'bit' gives it a more serious image.

Smilebit had about 105 employees and six lines of development, with a third of the staff coming from Sega PC. Other staff also joined from another Sega studio, Team Andromeda, which developed the *Panzer Dragoon* games for Saturn and disbanded after the third game, *Panzer Dragoon Saga* (1998).

Smilebit was known as the premier studio for sports games. It developed the successful sports simulator series *Derby Tsuku*, *Pro Yakyuu Team o Tsukurou!* and *Pro Soccer Club o Tsukurou!*. Non-sports titles were developed as well. *Jet Set Radio* was developed by former developers of *Panzer Dragoon Saga*, who hoped to develop something completely new and unlike the *Panzer Dragoon* series. A sequel was developed for Xbox, called *Jet Set Radio Future*, or *JSRF*. The team got many commendations when they went overseas to events such E3; however, they realized that this did not necessarily mean more sales. *Panzer Dragoon* was also revived with *Panzer Dragoon Orta*, which unlike the previous game, *Panzer Dragoon Saga*, became a regular rail shooter once again. The team hoped that by the time Orta was released, the Xbox market would mature and be more successful than the previous two Xbox titles, *JSRF* and *Gunvalkyrie*; however, sales in the US were dissatisfying. Toshihiro Nagoshi, who later lead several team members of Smilebit, commented on the studio, stating that while they did not have high sales, their technical capabilities were very high.

Smilebit was also interested in arcade development. *The Typing of the Dead* was initially presented to AM1, and *Ollie King* was originally developed under the Smilebit banner before it was released under Amusement Vision.

In 2003, Sega restructured its development studios and Amusement Vision and Smilebit merged, with the surviving Smilebit becoming solely focused on sports, adding the *Virtua Striker* games. At the same time Shun Arai left Smilebit to lead the Sega Creative Center. Takayuki Kawagoe took his place instead.

Sega and Sammy merged in 2004 to form Sega Sammy Holdings and all the studios merged back into Sega. Smilebit was named Sega Sports R&D, and continued to develop more sports games, including the first *Mario & Sonic at the Olympic Games*. Takayuki Kawagoe continued to oversee sports games but eventually oversaw the whole output of Sega of Japan as creative officer and then senior executive officer. The Mario & Sonic games and sports simulator series of games became assigned to the CS1 and CS2 designations, and a dedicated sports division ceased to exist.

## InfoBox

Sega Sports Design R&D Dept.
|
|  |
| Native name | セガスポーツ研究開発 |
| Romanized name | Segasupōtsu kenkyū kaihatsu |
| Formerly | Sega R&D2
Sega CS1
Sega CS
Sega Software R&D Dept #6
Smilebit Corporation |
| Company type | Division |
| Industry | Video games |
| Founder | Shun Arai |
| Defunct | 2008 |
| Fate | Merged with Sega Research and Development |
| Headquarters | Japan |
| Key people | Shun Arai
Takayuki Kawagoe |
| Parent | Sega |


title: See You, See Me

abstract:
See you, See me is an educational programme set in Scotland. It aired on BBC2 for several series between 1994 and 2008. The equivalent programme broadcast from London was Zig Zag, as both series focused on the 7 – 9 age group. Some early episodes were 15 minutes in length, while most programmes were 20 minutes. Grant Stott and Wilma Kennedy were the presenters from the beginning until the 2000s. Three series involved exploring Scottish Physical Features which saw the arrival of Goggs the Alien and Tess McCalli. Tess had a call from an American man called Mr Penneny who lived in New York City. Mr Penneny wanted to find out about the Central Lowlands
where See you, See me is filmed. Series 4 was Aired in 2005 and starred Katrina Bryan and Gavin Mitchell. The latest series was presented by James MacKenzie who explored the geography and the history of Scotland.

text:
# See You, See Me

***See you, See me*** is an educational programme set in Scotland. It aired on BBC2 for several series between 1994 and 2008. The equivalent programme broadcast from London was *Zig Zag*, as both series focused on the 7 – 9 age group. Some early episodes were 15 minutes in length, while most programmes were 20 minutes. Grant Stott and Wilma Kennedy were the presenters from the beginning until the 2000s. Three series involved exploring Scottish Physical Features which saw the arrival of Goggs the Alien and Tess McCalli. Tess had a call from an American man called Mr Penneny who lived in New York City. Mr Penneny wanted to find out about the Central Lowlands where *See you, See me* is filmed. Series 4 was Aired in 2005 and starred Katrina Bryan and Gavin Mitchell. The latest series was presented by James MacKenzie who explored the geography and the history of Scotland.

## Episodes

### Romans In Scotland (1994)

| No.
overall | No. in
series | Title | Original air date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 1 | "Frontier People" | 23 September 1994 (1994-09-23) |
| 2 | 2 | "Home" | 30 September 1994 (1994-09-30) |
| 3 | 3 | "Food" | 7 October 1994 (1994-10-07) |
| 4 | 4 | "Health" | 14 October 1994 (1994-10-14) |
| 5 | 5 | "Trade" | 21 October 1994 (1994-10-21) |

### Maps (1994)

| No.
overall | No. in
series | Title | Original air date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 6 | 1 | "Landscape" | 4 November 1994 (1994-11-04) |
| 7 | 2 | "Symbols" | 11 November 1994 (1994-11-11) |
| 8 | 3 | "Farm and Croft" | 18 November 1994 (1994-11-18) |
| 9 | 4 | "Towns" | 25 November 1994 (1994-11-25) |
| 10 | 5 | "Transport" | 2 December 1994 (1994-12-02) |

### Others (1995)

| No.
overall | No. in
series | Title | Original air date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 11 | 1 | "Road Safety" | 20 January 1995 (1995-01-20) |
| 12 | 2 | "Making Friends" | 27 January 1995 (1995-01-27) |

### Transport (1995)

| No.
overall | No. in
series | Title | Original air date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 13 | 1 | TBA | 3 February 1995 (1995-02-03) |
| 14 | 2 | "Trains" | 10 February 1995 (1995-02-10) |
| 15 | 3 | "Cycles" | 17 February 1995 (1995-02-17) |

### France (1995)

| No.
overall | No. in
series | Title | Original air date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 16 | 1 | "Bon Voyage" | 3 March 1995 (1995-03-03) |
| 17 | 2 | "Bonnes Vacances" | 10 March 1995 (1995-03-10) |
| 18 | 3 | TBA | 17 March 1995 (1995-03-17) |
| 19 | 4 | TBA | 24 March 1995 (1995-03-24) |
| 20 | 5 | TBA | 31 March 1995 (1995-03-31) |

### 1960s (1995)

| No.
overall | No. in
series | Title | Original air date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 21 | 1 | "Entertainment" | 19 September 1995 (1995-09-19) |
| 22 | 2 | "Home Life" | 26 September 1995 (1995-09-26) |
| 23 | 3 | "School Life" | 3 October 1995 (1995-10-03) |
| 24 | 4 | "Shops and Money" | 10 October 1995 (1995-10-10) |
| 25 | 5 | "Transport" | 17 October 1995 (1995-10-17) |

### Networks (1996)

| No.
overall | No. in
series | Title | Original air date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 26 | 1 | "Getting Around Town" | 16 January 1996 (1996-01-16) |
| 27 | 2 | "Getting Out of Town" | 23 January 1996 (1996-01-23) |
| 28 | 3 | "Goods on the Move 1" | 30 January 1996 (1996-01-30) |
| 29 | 4 | "Goods on the Move 2" | 6 February 1996 (1996-02-06) |
| 30 | 5 | "Eurolinks" | 13 February 1996 (1996-02-13) |

### Design (1996)

| No.
overall | No. in
series | Title | Original air date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 31 | 1 | "Designing Your Clothes" | 27 February 1996 (1996-02-27) |
| 32 | 2 | "Designing Your Place" | 5 March 1996 (1996-03-05) |
| 33 | 3 | "Designing Your Environment" | 12 March 1996 (1996-03-12) |
| 34 | 4 | "Designing To Tell" | 19 March 1996 (1996-03-19) |
| 35 | 5 | "Designing To Entertain" | 26 March 1996 (1996-03-26) |

### Weather (1997)

| No.
overall | No. in
series | Title | Original air date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 36 | 1 | "Rain And Snow" | 8 January 1997 (1997-01-08) |
| 37 | 2 | "Sun And Wind" | 15 January 1997 (1997-01-15) |
| 38 | 3 | "Music" | 22 January 1997 (1997-01-22) |
| 39 | 4 | "Art" | 29 January 1997 (1997-01-29) |
| 40 | 5 | "Movement" | 5 February 1997 (1997-02-05) |

### Scotland (1997)

| No.
overall | No. in
series | Title | Original air date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 41 | 1 | "Hill" | 12 February 1997 (1997-02-12) |
| 42 | 2 | "Glen" | 26 February 1997 (1997-02-26) |
| 43 | 3 | "River" | 5 March 1997 (1997-03-05) |
| 44 | 4 | "Moor" | 12 March 1997 (1997-03-12) |
| 45 | 5 | "Sea Loch" | 19 March 1997 (1997-03-19) |

### Health (1997)

| No.
overall | No. in
series | Title | Original air date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 46 | 1 | "Food Is Fun" | 23 September 1997 (1997-09-23) |
| 47 | 2 | "Food Is Fuel" | 30 September 1997 (1997-09-30) |
| 48 | 3 | "Feeling Fine" | 7 October 1997 (1997-10-07) |
| 49 | 4 | "Breathe Easy" | 14 October 1997 (1997-10-14) |
| 50 | 5 | "Being Different" | 28 October 1997 (1997-10-28) |

First broadcast in 1998 episodes:
Vikings
1. Sea (12,13 January 1998)
2. Invaders (19, 20 January 1998)
3. Home And Settlements (26, 27 January 1998)
4. Women And Girls (2, 3 February 1998)
5. Trade And Crafts (9, 10, 16, 17 February 1998)
Castles
1. Building A Castle
2. Living in a Castle
3. Castle Under Siege
4. Castle Banquet
5. Castle at Leisure
First broadcast in 1999 episodes:
Money
1. What Is Money?
2. What Is A Bank?
3. Money at Work
Where We Live
1. Falkirk And Stromness 1
2. Falkirk And Stromness 2
First broadcast in 2000 episodes:
Farming
1. On The Farm
2. Farmer's Year
Space
1. Solar System
2. Sun And Moon
3. Space Quest
Scotland's Inventors
1. Communication – John Logie Baird
2. Transport – James Watt
3. Medicine – Alexander Fleming
Cycle into Europe
1. Good Cycling
2. In The Town
3. In The Country
Buildings of Faith
1. Christian Church
2. Jewish Synagogue
3. Moslem Mosque
4. Sikh Gurdwara
Autumn 2001
1 Money
Programme 1. What Is Money?
Programme 2. What Is A Bank?
Programme 3. Money at Work
2 Picts and Scots
Programme 1 The Picts
Programme 2 The Scotti
Programme 3 The New Scots
3 Transport Networks
Programme 1 Getting around town
Programme 2 Getting out of town
Programme 3 Goods on the move I – rail and sea links
Programme 4 Goods on the move II – road links
Programme 5 Euro links
Spring 2002
1 The Vikings
Programme 1 The sea
Programme 2 Invaders
Programme 3 Homes
Programme 4 Women and girls
Programme 5 Trade and crafts
Autumn 2002
1 Scotland's Inventors
2 Weather – People and Place
Spring 2003
1 Are you eco-friendly?
Programme 1 The seashore
Programme 2 The river
Programme 3 The town
Programme 4 The forest
Programme 5 The mountain
2 Castles
Programme 1 Building a castle
Programme 2 Living in a castle
Programme 3 Castle under siege
Programme 4 A castle banquet
Programme 5 A castle at leisure
Autumn 2003
1 Buildings of Faith
Programme 1. Christian Church
Programme 2. Jewish Synagogue
Programme 3. Moslem Mosque
Programme 4. Sikh Gurdwara
2 Cycle into Europe
Programme One Safe cycling
Programme Two in town
Programme Three The countryside
Autumn 2004
1 Scotland's Inventors
Programme 1 Communication
Programme 2 Transport
Programme 3 Medicine
2 Skara Brae
Programme 1 The evidence
Programme 2 The discovery
4 Farming
5 Space
Programme 1. Solar System
Programme 2. Sun And Moon
Programme 3. Space Quest
Spring 2005
1 Scottish physical features part 2 – The Central Lowlands
Programme 1 Powerful Places
Programme 2 Restless Rivers
Programme 3 Volcanic Scotland
2 Weather – People and place
Programme 1. Rain and Snow 17 January: 1030–1050
Programme 2. Sun and Wind 17 January: 1050–1110
Autumn 2005
1 Citizenship: making decisions
Programme 1 at home with decisions
Programme 2 Out and about with T.O.P.S.
2 Are you eco-friendly?
Programme 1 The seashore
Programme 2 The river
Programme 3 The town
Programme 4 The forest
Programme 5 The mountain
3 Money
Programme 1 What is money?
Programme 2 What is a bank?
Programme 3 Making and spending money
Spring 2006
1 Scottish physical features part 3 – The Southern Uplands
2 Risk
Programme 1 Living dangerously
Programme 2 Stick to your guns
Autumn 2006
1 Castles
Programme 1 Building a castle
Programme 2 Living in a castle
Programme 3 Castle under siege
Programme 4 A castle banquet
Programme 5 A castle at leisure
2 The Highlands and Islands
Programme 6 The Grampian Tour
Programme 7 The Northern Tour
Programme 8 The Island Tour
3 Farming
Programme 9 on the farm
Programme 10 The farmer's year
Spring 2007
Vikings in Scotland
Programme 1 The coming of the Norse
Programme 2 The success of the Norse
Programme 3 The legacy of the Norse
Financial capability – Treasure!
Programme 4 The bounty and the budget
Programme 5 Debts and doubloons
Autumn 2007
Buildings of Faith
Programme 1 The Jewish Synagogue (15 October)
Programme 2 The Sikh Gurdwara
Programme 3 The Christian Church (12 November)
Programme 4 The Islamic Mosque (19 November)
Spring 2008
1 Skara Brae
Programme 1 The evidence (10 January)
Programme 2 The discovery (17 January)
2 Birds
Programme 1 Urban birds (24 January)
Programme 2 Rural birds (31 January)
Programme 3 Coastal birds (7 February)
3 Central lowlands
Programme 1 Powerful Places (28 February)
Programme 2 Restless Rivers (6 March)
Programme 3 Volcanic Scotland (13 March)
4 Cycle into Europe
Cycle into Europe
Programme One Safe cycling (29 February)
Programme Two in town (7 March)
Programme Three The countryside (14 March)
Autumn 2008
Financial Capability
Mondays 11:40
3 November 2008 The Bounty and the Budget
10 November 2008 Debts and Doubloons
The Romans
Fridays 11:40
7 November 2008 Programme 1
14 November 2008 Programme 2

Vikings in Scotland
Fridays 11:40
21 November 2008 The Coming of the Norse
28 November 2008 The Success of the Norse
5 December 2008 The Legacy of the Norse
BBC Scotland Education Teacher Notes 2001 – 2008

**Series One 1993**

1. Historic Scotland 1 – 4 September 1993
2. Historic Scotland 2 – 11 September 1993
3. Historic Scotland 3 – 18 September 1993

**Series Two 1999**

1. Finding out 1 – 1 January 1999
2. Finding out 2 – 8 January 1999
3. Finding out 3 – 15 January 1999

**Series Three 2004**

1. Decisions 1 – 22 March 2004
2. Decisions 2 – 29 March 2004
3. Decisions 3 – 5 April 2004

**Series Four 2005**

1. Powerful places – 7 January 2005
2. Restless Rivers – 14 January 2005
3. Volcanic Scotland – 21 January 2005

**Series Five 2007**

1. The Vikings of Scotland – 30 March 2007
2. The history of Loch-ness – 20 April 2007
3. Roman Scotland – 27 April 2007
4. Celtic Scotland – 4 May 2007
5. Scottish cooking – 11 May 2007
6. Scottish Castles – 18 May 2007

Unknown Tx date:
HEALTH AND SAFE LIVING
Look out for yourself
Making friends
In touch ok/not ok


title: Sembadavar

abstract: Sembadavar or Parvatha Rajakulam is a traditional fisherman community found mainly on the Coromandel coast of the Indian states of Tamil Nadu and Pondicherry. They also take the title Nattar. Sembadavar are a maritime community who are occupied primarily as inland and river fishermen and primarily fish with fishing nets. A similar caste also known as Sambuni Reddi is found in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. There are many theories as to their origins but they have since ancient times been recorded in the area of Tamil Nadu, Pondicherry and Sri Lanka.

text:
# Sembadavar

**Sembadavar** or Parvatha Rajakulam is a traditional fisherman community found mainly on the Coromandel coast of the Indian states of Tamil Nadu and Pondicherry. They also take the title Nattar. Sembadavar are a maritime community who are occupied primarily as inland and river fishermen and primarily fish with fishing nets. A similar caste also known as *Sambuni Reddi* is found in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. There are many theories as to their origins but they have since ancient times been recorded in the area of Tamil Nadu, Pondicherry and Sri Lanka.

## Etymology

The name *Sembadavar* is mythologically connected to the principal Hindu god Shiva. The name is derived from the Tamil words *Sambu,* a name of Shiva and *Padavar* meaning boatmen thus literally meaning "Shiva's boatmen".

## History

### Mythological origin

According to one legend, Shiva was fond of one of their chief deity *Ankalamman*. Out of the union was *Parvatha Rajan* (king of the Parvata Kingdom) born who disguised himself as a boatman. His boat was made of copper, the Vedas assumed the form of his fishing net and the Rakshasas took the form of the pisces. Accidentally was a rishi caught in his net, who angered called Parvatha Rajan a "Sembu Padavar" meaning "copper boatmen" and cursed his descendants to become fishermen. From this myth do they call themselves as Sembadavar or also *Parvatha Rajakulam* (meaning descendant of Parvatha Raja).

## Post-independence

In 1947, the fisheries became a monopoly of the new independent Indian government.

As of 2011, Parvatharajakulam is classified as a Most backward caste by the Governments of Tamil Nadu and Pondicherry.

## InfoBox

| Sembadavar | |
| --- | --- |
| Religions | Hinduism, Roman Catholicism |
| Languages | Tamil |
| Related groups | Tamil people |


title: Tehurui

abstract: Tehurui is an associated commune on the island of Raiatea, in French Polynesia. It is part of the commune Tumaraa. According to the 2022 census, it had a population of 550.

text:
# Tehurui

**Tehurui** is an associated commune on the island of Raiatea, in French Polynesia. It is part of the commune Tumaraa. According to the 2022 census, it had a population of 550.

## InfoBox

| Tehurui | |
| --- | --- |
| Associated commune of Tumaraa | |
| Raiatea, the island on which Tehurui is located | |
| Location within French Polynesia | |
| Location of Tehurui | |
| Coordinates: 16°50′15″S 151°28′55″W / 16.83750°S 151.48194°W / -16.83750; -151.48194 | |
| Country | France |
| Overseas collectivity | French Polynesia |
| Subdivision | Leeward Islands |
| Commune | Tumaraa |
| Population (2022) | 550 |
| Time zone | UTC−10:00 |
| Elevation | 8 m (26 ft) |


title: Yigrem Demelash

abstract: Yigrem Demelash is an Ethiopian long-distance runner. He was the 2012 World Junior champion in the 10,000 metres. He holds a personal best of 26:57.56 minutes for that event. His first high-profile competition was the 2011 Great Ethiopian Run, where he finished as runner-up to Mosinet Geremew. He began competing in Europe the following year and at the Paderborn 10K was again second to his compatriot Mosinet Geremew. On the track, he ran a 5000 metres personal best of 13:03.30 minutes at the Bislett Games in Oslo before going on to secure the 10,000 metres gold medal at the 2012 World Junior Championships in Athletics, overturning a history of Kenyan dominance at that event. He closed his season with a run of 26:57.56 minutes in the 10,000 m at the Memorial Van Damme, setting an Ethiopian junior record. This race was the fastest of the year so his fourth-place finish translated into fourth in the world rankings for the season. He entered the senior ranks in 2013 and promptly finished second at the Jan Meda International – Ethiopia's cross country championships. He was unable to repeat this form at the 2013 IAAF World Cross Country Championships, however, and in 69th place he was the last man of his team to finish. He was again involved in the fastest 10,000 m of the season, this time his run of 27:15.51 minutes brought him seventh on the yearly rankings. He missed most of the 2014 season, with the highlight being a runner-up finish behind Abera Kuma at the Zevenheuvelenloop road race. Demelash had a stellar 2016 season, topping the world rankings, and emerging as a favorite to medal at the Olympics. At the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Demelash competed in the Men's 10,000 metres, finishing in 4th place, only one hundredth of a second behind his teammate, Tamirat Tola. Demelash made a strong surge in the last 10 metres, but Tola was able to reach the finish line quickly enough to elude him.

text:
# Yigrem Demelash

**Yigrem Demelash** (born 26 January 1994) is an Ethiopian long-distance runner. He was the 2012 World Junior champion in the 10,000 metres. He holds a personal best of 26:57.56 minutes for that event.

His first high-profile competition was the 2011 Great Ethiopian Run, where he finished as runner-up to Mosinet Geremew. He began competing in Europe the following year and at the Paderborn 10K was again second to his compatriot Mosinet Geremew. On the track, he ran a 5000 metres personal best of 13:03.30 minutes at the Bislett Games in Oslo before going on to secure the 10,000 metres gold medal at the 2012 World Junior Championships in Athletics, overturning a history of Kenyan dominance at that event. He closed his season with a run of 26:57.56 minutes in the 10,000 m at the Memorial Van Damme, setting an Ethiopian junior record. This race was the fastest of the year so his fourth-place finish translated into fourth in the world rankings for the season.

He entered the senior ranks in 2013 and promptly finished second at the Jan Meda International – Ethiopia's cross country championships. He was unable to repeat this form at the 2013 IAAF World Cross Country Championships, however, and in 69th place he was the last man of his team to finish. He was again involved in the fastest 10,000 m of the season, this time his run of 27:15.51 minutes brought him seventh on the yearly rankings. He missed most of the 2014 season, with the highlight being a runner-up finish behind Abera Kuma at the Zevenheuvelenloop road race.

Demelash had a stellar 2016 season, topping the world rankings, and emerging as a favorite to medal at the Olympics. At the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Demelash competed in the Men's 10,000 metres, finishing in 4th place, only one hundredth of a second behind his teammate, Tamirat Tola. Demelash made a strong surge in the last 10 metres, but Tola was able to reach the finish line quickly enough to elude him.

## Personal bests

## International competitions

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2012 | World Junior Championships | Barcelona, Spain | 1st | 10,000 metres |
| 2013 | World Cross Country Championships | Bydgoszcz, Poland | 69th | Senior race |

## InfoBox

Yigrem Demelash
| <br>Yigrem Demelash at the 2013 World Cross Country Championships | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Medal record | | |
| Men's athletics | | |
| Representing  Ethiopia | | |
| IAAF World U20 Championships | | |
|  | 2012 Barcelona | 10,000 m |


title: Zorko Cvetković

abstract: Zorko Cvetković was a Croatian electrical engineer and basketball player and coach. He represented the Yugoslavia national basketball team internationally.

text:
# Zorko Cvetković

**Zorko Cvetković** (September 4, 1924 – December 13, 2017) was a Croatian electrical engineer and basketball player and coach. He represented the Yugoslavia national basketball team internationally.

## Engineering career

Cvetković graduated from the Faculty of Electrical Engineering at the University of Zagreb in 1950, and later obtained a doctorate in 1983.

From 1947 to 1994, he was an external associate at the Department of High Voltage and Power of the Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Zagreb.

He was a secretary-general of the CIGRÉ branch in Croatia from 1989 to 2004.

## Basketball career

After the end of Second World War in 1945, Cvetković started to play basketball. He was a member of the Yugoslavia national team which participated at the 1947 FIBA European Championship. After retirement, he was a coach, a referee and the president of Mladost Zagreb.

## InfoBox

| Zorko Cvetković | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1924-09-24)24 September 1924
Osijek, Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes |
| Died | 13 December 2017(2017-12-13) (aged 93)
Zagreb, Croatia |
| Nationality | Croatian |
| Education | University of Zagreb |
| Spouse | Lijerka Radoničić (m. 1949) |
| **Engineering career** | |
| Institutions | CIGRÉ |
| Employer(s) | Elektrana Zagreb (1950–1955)
Elektroprijenos Zagreb (1957–1990) |
| Awards | CIGRÉ Distinguished Member (2000) |
|  | |
| **Basketball career** | |
| Position | Shooting guard |
| Number | 13 |
|  | |