abstract: Youth Is Wasted on the Young is the debut studio album by Swedish rock band the Twelve Caesars.

text:
# Youth Is Wasted on the Young (The Twelve Caesars album)

***Youth Is Wasted on the Young*** is the debut studio album by Swedish rock band the Twelve Caesars.

## Track listing

1. "Sort It Out" – 3:37
2. "Let's Go Parking Baby" – 2:36
3. "I'm Gonna Kick You Out" – 2:52
4. "You're My Favourite" – 2:03
5. "My Abduction Love" – 3:50
6. "Optic Nerve" – 3:51
7. "The Cannibals" – 3:00
8. "Anything You Want" – 2:54
9. "She's a Planet" – 2:25
10. "Suzy Creamcheese" – 4:05 (Originally by Teddy and His Patches)
11. "You Are My Favourite 2" – 2:52
12. "You Don't Mean a Thing to Me" – 4:36
13. "Out of My Hands" – 3:37 (Originally by the Endd)

## Charts

| Chart (1998) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan) | 59 |

## InfoBox

| Youth Is Wasted on the Young | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by The Twelve Caesars | |
| Released | 1998 |
| Genre | Rock |
| Length | 42:23 |
| Label | Minty Fresh |
| Producer | Klas Åhlund |
| The Twelve Caesars chronology | |
| ***Youth Is Wasted on the Young***
(1998) *Cherry Kicks*
(2000) | |


# List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1990

Fellows of the Royal Society, elected in 1990.

## Fellows

1. Roger Angel
2. Michael Ashburner
3. David Bohm (1917–1992)
4. David Brown
5. Malcolm H. Chisholm
6. Robin Clark
7. Peter Clarricoats
8. John G. Collier (1935–1995)
9. Simon Conway Morris
10. Andrew Crawford
11. Leslie Dutton
12. Robert Fettiplace
13. Erwin Gabathuler
14. Nicholas C. Handy (1941–2012)
15. Allen Hill (1937–2021)
16. Jonathan Hodgkin
17. Eric Jakeman
18. George Jellicoe, 2nd Earl Jellicoe (1918–2007)
19. Dame Louise Johnson (1940–2012)
20. Vaughan Jones
21. Dame Carole Jordan
22. John Knott
23. Sir Harry Kroto
24. Steven V. Ley
25. Lew Mander
26. Michael E. McIntyre
27. Derek W. Moore (1931–2008)
28. Colin James Pennycuick
29. John Albert Raven
30. Sir David Read
31. Man Mohan Sharma
32. Allan Snyder
33. George Stark
34. Azim Surani
35. Bob Vaughan
36. Herman Waldmann
37. William Lionel Wilkinson
38. Alan Williams (1945–1992)
39. Robin Williams
40. Sir Greg Winter
41. Semir Zeki

## Foreign members

1. Edward Norton Lorenz (1917–2008)
2. Yasutomi Nishizuka (1932–2004)
3. Christiane Nusslein-Volhard
4. Bengt I. Samuelsson
5. Lyman Spitzer (1914–1997)
6. E. O. Wilson


title: Stewart Kaye

abstract: Stewart Kaye FRIBA FRICS (1885–1952) was a Scottish architect in the 20th century. Working in a stripped down Scottish version of the Art Deco style he was consultant architect to the Presbytery of East Lothian and the Halifax Building Society. Mainly based in Edinburgh he is responsible for a large proportion of the city's housing estates from the 1930s.

text:
# Stewart Kaye

**Stewart Kaye** FRIBA FRICS (18851952) was a Scottish architect in the 20th century. Working in a stripped down Scottish version of the Art Deco style he was consultant architect to the Presbytery of East Lothian and the Halifax Building Society. Mainly based in Edinburgh he is responsible for a large proportion of the city's housing estates from the 1930s.

## Life

He was born in or near Broughty Ferry near Dundee in 1885 the son of James Kaye a cashier with the North British Railway Company. He was educated at Grove Academy in Dundee. He then studied engineering and architecture at the Technical College in Dundee and Dundee University and was articled to James McLaren of Dundee before traveling more widely: he spent some time with George Rivell in Alnwick; then George W. B. Rees in Cardiff; J. E. Rickards in London. In 1905 he did a study tour in the Netherlands and Belgium and in 1906 went to Italy.

He set up practice in 1913 in Dunfermline but moved to Gillespie Crescent in Edinburgh in 1914. His career was interrupted by the First World War, during which he first served with the Royal Scots then was commissioned into the Royal Engineers, reaching the rank of Captain. He was demobbed in 1919 and resumed his career. He was proposed as a member of the RIBA in 1920 by Alexander Lorne Campbell and Harold Tarbolton. He was also a Fellow of the Institute of Chartered Surveyors.

In 1925 he was involved in making a photographic record of Amisfield House in East Lothian prior to its demolition.

Between the wars he oversaw and designed some truly huge housing schemes in Edinburgh, in liaison with City Architect Ebenezer James MacRae who also worked with Kaye on Gogarburn Hospital.

In the Second World War he was Director of Emergency Works in Scotland (a highly important role) and was involved in the location and specification of the structure of air raid shelters across the country.

When he returned to work after the war, despite his son joining the firm, his style was well out of date. He retired due to ill health soon after taking on Colin McWilliam as an assistant at his offices at 13 Thistle Street.

In later life he lived at 5 Wester Coates Terrace; a large semi-detached villa in West Edinburgh.

He died on 17 February 1952 and is buried in the 20th century detached north extension to Dean Cemetery in west Edinburgh. The grave faces north onto the third east–west path from the entrance.

## Main works

* Arcade and shops, Cowdenbeath (1912)
* YMCA building, Ayr (1913)
* Naval Institute, Invergordon (1914)
* Sailors Institute, Greenock (1914/5)
* YMCA building, Rosyth (1914/5)
* Brucefield housing estate, Dunfermline (1919)
* Upgrade of Hawthornden Castle (1926)
* Gogarburn Mental Hospital (1927)
* 2-8 Cockburn Street Edinburgh (1928)
* Offices for Edinburgh Evening News, Market Street, Edinburgh (1928)
* Restoration and remodelling of Yester Parish Church (c.1931)
* Huge housing estate at East Pilton, in north Edinburgh for Edinburgh Corporation (1932–36)
* Parsons Green housing estate, Jock's Lodge, east Edinburgh (1934)
* Silverknowes housing estate, north Edinburgh (1934)
* Carrick Knowe housing estate, west Edinburgh (1934)
* Crewe Road housing scheme, west Edinburgh (1936)
* Lothian House, Lothian Road, Edinburgh (including cinema) (1936–39)
* West Pilton housing scheme (1936)
* Housing estate (bungalows) Craigcrook and Hillpark in west Edinburgh (1937)
* Colinton Mains housing estate, south-west Edinburgh (1937)
* Hotel and shops Shandwick Place (south) central Edinburgh (1937)
* Broomhouse housing estate, western Edinburgh (1938)
* Learmonth Court flats at Learmonth Avenue in Edinburgh (1938, completed 1946)
* Cardboard Box factory, Bonnington Road, Leith (1939) now converted to flats
* Conversion of Bonaly Tower to flats (1939)
* Offices for Grant & Co, Garscube Road Glasgow (1948)
* Carrick Knowe Church (1951)


title: Weitefeld

abstract: Weitefeld is a municipality in the district of Altenkirchen, in Rhineland-Palatinate, in western Germany.

text:
# Weitefeld

**Weitefeld** is a municipality in the district of Altenkirchen, in Rhineland-Palatinate, in western Germany.

## InfoBox

| Weitefeld | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
|  | |
| Location of Weitefeld within Altenkirchen district | |
| Weitefeld Weitefeld | |
| Coordinates: 50°43′34″N 7°55′50″E / 50.72611°N 7.93056°E / 50.72611; 7.93056 | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Rhineland-Palatinate |
| District | Altenkirchen |
| Municipal assoc. | Daaden-Herdorf |
| Government | |
| Mayor (201924) | Karl-Heinz Keßler |
| Area | |
| Total | 8.49 km2 (3.28 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 466 m (1,529 ft) |
| Population (2022-12-31) | |
| Total | 2,287 |
| Density | 270/km2 (700/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal codes | 57586 |
| Dialling codes | 02743 |
| Vehicle registration | AK |
| Website | www.weitefeld.de |


title: Tony Butterfield

abstract: Anthony Butterfield is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1980s and 1990s. A New South Wales State of Origin representative prop-forward, he started his club football career with the Penrith Panthers but played the vast majority of it with the Newcastle Knights, with whom he won the 1997 ARL premiership. He is the father of Australian YouTube personality and comedian Isaac Butterfield.

text:
# Tony Butterfield

**Anthony Butterfield** (born 4 February 1966) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1980s and 1990s. A New South Wales State of Origin representative prop-forward, he started his club football career with the Penrith Panthers but played the vast majority of it with the Newcastle Knights, with whom he won the 1997 ARL premiership. He is the father of Australian YouTube personality and comedian Isaac Butterfield.

## Playing career

Butterfield was born in Penrith, New South Wales, and was signed from the Panthers reserve-grade to join the inaugural Newcastle Knights team for 1988. He remained with the Knights for thirteen seasons, retiring in 2000 as the club's most capped player – a record he later surrendered to Andrew Johns. In 1997 Butterfield was named in the Newcastle Knights Team of the Decade and again, in 2007, in the Team of the Era.

Butterfield was selected for one NSW Origin match; game 3, 1998.

## Players' Association

Butterfield was active as a representative of players both during and after his playing days. In the mid-nineties, he was Vice-President of the Kevin Ryan (rugby) led Rugby League Association and when that folded he became involved in the NRLPA in "99 and 2000. In 2000 Butterfield became the president and driving force behind the newly created Rugby League Professionals' Association. The RLPA was involved in unsuccessful negotiations with the NRL to improve players' wages and conditions from 2000 – 2003.

In 2003 the RLPA was registered as a national trade union. It was the first sporting body in the history of Australia to become so registered.

2003 proved to be a turbulent year in the relations between the RLPA and the NRL. Negotiations for player minimum conditions had not gone well during the season. At the end of the season the NRL believed that the players would boycott the competition's major awards night if their demands were not met. Butterfield took a negotiating stance that if the NRL announce that they would accept a number of minimum conditions that would be sufficient to guarantee the players' attendance at the awards. In response, the National Rugby League called the players' union's bluff and cancelled the awards for that year. There was much media comment about the decision. Craig Gower was widely tipped to be the winner of the award for 2003 but never received his medal. Gower was awarded an honorary medal by the RLPA in 2004 in recognition of his support for the players' campaign.

Following the controversy of 2003, and despite some reservations from one club, an agreement was finally reached in 2004.

In 2004 Butterfield instituted the RLPA awards. The RLPA awards are based on peer review. At the end of each match, the players vote to allocate points to the three best players on the opposing team. These points are tallied and at the year RLPA holds its own gala awards night.

## Awards

Butterfield was awarded 2004 Organiser of the Year by the Labor Council of New South Wales for his efforts in building up the RLPA.

Butterfield retired from the RLPA in February 2006. He was replaced as head of the RLPA by former Newcastle teammate Matthew Rodwell. The RLPA was deregistered as a trade union in 2008 when Rodwell agreed to accept funding for the Association directly from the NRL.

## InfoBox

Tony Butterfield
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Anthony Butterfield |
| Born | (1966-02-04) 4 February 1966<br>Penrith, New South Wales, Australia |
| Playing information | |
| Height | 183 cm (6 ft 0 in) |
| Weight | 103 kg (16 st 3 lb) |
| Position | Prop |
| Club  Years Team Pld T G FG P  1986–87 Penrith Panthers 4 0 0 0 0  1988–00 Newcastle Knights 229 27 0 0 108  Total 233 27 0 0 108  Representative  Years Team Pld T G FG P  1989 NSW City 1 0 0 0 0  1998 New South Wales 1 0 0 0 0 | |
| Source: | |


title: William C. Chasey

abstract: William Carmen "Bill" Chasey was an American philanthropist who was the founder and president of the Foundation for Corporate Social Responsibility (FCSR) in Warsaw, Poland. He was an educator, author, research scientist, and inventor who also served as a senior campaign advisor to President Ronald Reagan. Chasey founded 6 international MBA programs on behalf of City University of Seattle, and one on behalf of National University in California. He has advised over 150 multi-national companies in international business and corporate philanthropy. Chasey served as an adjunct professor during his years living in Europe, and taught undergraduate and graduate courses in entrepreneurship at Kozminski University in Warsaw, Poland, the Polish Open University in Warsaw, Poland the Warsaw School of Economics in Warsaw, Poland, and the American University in Bulgaria in Sofia, Bulgaria. Chasey was founder and president of the William Chasey Organization a Washington, D.C. lobbying firm for over twenty-five years. During his lobbying career, Chasey represented some of the world's most prestigious business clients and 23 foreign governments before the United States Congress. He was a Registered Lobbyist with both the Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and the Secretary of the United States Senate as required by the Lobbying Disclosure Act. He was a Registered Foreign Agent, United States Department of Justice. as required by the Foreign Agents Registration Act. Chasey's professional lobbying ability was captured on film during two episodes of Michael Moore's TV Nation television series in 1994. Because of Chasey's lobbying talents, TV Nation was recognized by the United States Congress by passing Resolution H.J. 365, which declared August 16, 1994 as "TV Nation Day." TV Guide named TV Nation one of the ten best television shows of 1995. Chasey held the John F. Kennedy Professorship at the Peabody College of Education and Human Development of Vanderbilt University, Chasey was a research scientist in the Convulsive Disorders Clinic of the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine. He served as a senior scientist in the Institute on Mental Retardation and Intellectual Development (IMRID), and as a senior scientist in the Laboratory of Intrinsic Motivation, and as chairman of the Research Ethics Committee at the Peabody College of Education and Human Development of Vanderbilt University 1972–1975. Chasey is the author of over 100 research investigations and publications in the field of mental retardation. He invented 3 research instruments to measure psychomotor learning of mentally retarded children.

text:
# William C. Chasey

**William Carmen "Bill" Chasey** (February 11, 1940 - May 23, 2015) was an American philanthropist who was the founder and president of the Foundation for Corporate Social Responsibility (FCSR) in Warsaw, Poland. He was an educator, author, research scientist, and inventor who also served as a senior campaign advisor to President Ronald Reagan.

Chasey founded 6 international MBA programs on behalf of City University of Seattle, and one on behalf of National University in California. He has advised over 150 multi-national companies in international business and corporate philanthropy. Chasey served as an adjunct professor during his years living in Europe, and taught undergraduate and graduate courses in entrepreneurship at Kozminski University in Warsaw, Poland, the Polish Open University in Warsaw, Poland the Warsaw School of Economics in Warsaw, Poland, and the American University in Bulgaria in Sofia, Bulgaria.

Chasey was founder and president of the William Chasey Organization a Washington, D.C. lobbying firm for over twenty-five years. During his lobbying career, Chasey represented some of the world's most prestigious business clients and 23 foreign governments before the United States Congress. He was a Registered Lobbyist with both the Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and the Secretary of the United States Senate as required by the Lobbying Disclosure Act. He was a Registered Foreign Agent, United States Department of Justice. (RFA Number 4221) as required by the Foreign Agents Registration Act. Chasey's professional lobbying ability was captured on film during two episodes of Michael Moore's *TV Nation* television series in 1994. Because of Chasey's lobbying talents, *TV Nation* was recognized by the United States Congress by passing Resolution H.J. 365, which declared August 16, 1994 as "TV Nation Day." *TV Guide* named *TV Nation* one of the ten best television shows of 1995.

Chasey held the John F. Kennedy Professorship at the Peabody College of Education and Human Development of Vanderbilt University, (Named Academic Professorship funded by the Joseph P. Kennedy Jr. Foundation, Washington, D.C.) Chasey was a research scientist in the Convulsive Disorders Clinic of the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine. He served as a senior scientist in the Institute on Mental Retardation and Intellectual Development (IMRID), and as a senior scientist in the Laboratory of Intrinsic Motivation, and as chairman of the Research Ethics Committee at the Peabody College of Education and Human Development of Vanderbilt University 1972–1975.

Chasey is the author of over 100 research investigations and publications in the field of mental retardation. He invented 3 research instruments to measure psychomotor learning of mentally retarded children.

## Early life and education

Chasey was raised in Trenton, New Jersey, the son of William Carmen Chasey and Hazel Marie Chasey. He grew up in a working-class family and was influenced greatly during his school years by his association with the YMCA and his church. Chasey's father was a graduate of Massanutten Military Academy in Woodstock, Virginia. He made his living in sales and ended his career as a sales representative for a large milk company in New Jersey.

Chasey attended public schools in Trenton, New Jersey, and graduated from Pennsbury High School in Fairless Hills, Pennsylvania. He received his B.S. degree in physical education from Springfield College (Massachusetts) in 1962, where he was a member of the gymnastics and track teams. He was vice president of his graduating class, and was elected senior class graduation marshal.

Chasey received his M.A. degree in education from East Carolina University in 1965 while serving as a Marine Corps Officer at the Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, North Carolina. He was elected a member of Phi Delta Kappa, the National Honorary Education Fraternity.

Chasey received his Ph.D. degree from the University of Maryland in 1969 while serving as an instructor at the university. His academic concentration was the psychomotor development of mentally retarded children.

Chasey was awarded an LH.D, Doctor of Humane Letters, (honoris causa) Literarum Humanarum Doctor, Honorary Doctorate, (Humanitarian Excellence), from National University (California) in 1985 for his work in lobbying the Central American Peace Plan through the US Congress.

## Personal life

Chasey was married to Virginia Chasey, his wife of 33 years. He had two daughters, Cherie and Christie, from a previous marriage. He and Virginia had one daughter Katie. Virginia Chasey served with her husband on the Management Board of the Foundation for Corporate Social Responsibility.

Late in his life, Chasey contracted multiple myeloma and leukemia. After contending with his illness for six years, he died in San Diego, California and was interred at Miramar National Cemetery.

## Military service

Chasey joined the United States Marine Corps in 1958 during his freshman year in college. He trained during his college summers to become a Marine Corps Officer at the Marine Base in Quantico, Virginia. Upon his graduation from college, he was commissioned a second lieutenant and attended the Officers Basic School at the Quantico Marine Base, from June, 1962 to December 1962. He graduated with a Military Occupational Specialty of Infantry Officer (0302) United States military occupation code. Chasey served as an infantry platoon commander, with the 2nd Anti-Tank Battalion, Second Marine Division, at Camp Lejeune, North Carolina. He deployed to the Caribbean in 1963 with the 3rd Battalion, 6th Marine Regiment as part of Battalion Landing Team 3/6. In 1964, he was transferred to the 2nd Marine Division Headquarters to organize and direct the All-Marine Corps Boxing Championships. He was promoted to the rank of 1st lieutenant in 1963. He attended a variety of Marine Corps schools including: the Marine Corps Officers Basic School, Nuclear-Biological-Chemical Warfare School, Cold Weather Survival School, Escape and Evasion School, and the Explosive Ordnance School.

Chasey was awarded the National Defense Service Medal for honorable active military service during the time of war or conflict as a member of the United States Armed Forces, (Vietnam War Period).

He received an honorable discharge in May 1965.

## Political campaigns

During 1979-80, Chasey served as director of domestic policy for John B. Connally's presidential campaign. He was a traveling advisor to Gov. Connally in presidential primary and caucus states. When Governor Connally withdrew from the race, Chasey became a principal advisor to the 1980 presidential campaign of Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush.

Chasey created and directed the first nationwide Christian voter registration program for Candidate Ronald Reagan. He helped write all of Reagan's campaign position statements and speeches for church groups and religious organizations. He helped select Reagan's campaign appearances and accompanied him to all religious events during the campaign. He arranged meetings for candidate Reagan with major church and evangelical leaders throughout the country.

He was a key fundraiser for the 1988 presidential campaign of George H. W. Bush. Over the course of 25 years as a Washington lobbyist, Chasey advised and raised campaign funds for numerous campaigns for governor, House of Representatives and the United States Senate.

## Philanthropy

Chasey was a founder of the Cause Marketing concept, and he continued to be a leading proponent of Cause Related Marketing throughout the Globe. He either created, consulted with, or directed 19 different NGOs and/or charities during his career. He consulted and advised 23 National Red Cross Societies throughout the world, and served for over 3 years as principal consultant to the Polish Red Cross, where he created a major cause related marketing campaign called the "Care Partners Network." With the financial support of the American Red Cross in Southeast Europe, Chasey served for three-years as a Cause Marketing Consultant to the Bulgarian Red Cross in the development of a "Care Partners Network," which still provides hot meals to poor Bulgarian children each school day.

He has received numerous national and international awards, including an Honorary Doctor of Humane Letters (LH.D) from National University (California) for his lobbying efforts for the Central American Peace Plan, Esquipulas Peace Agreement, on behalf of Nobel Peace Laureate, President Oscar Arias of Costa Rica, author of the plan.

Chasey and his wife Virginia, founded the Third World Prosthetic Foundation. They were honored by President Cristiani of El Salvador for their work on behalf of the war-torn country's amputee population of soldiers and children. They provided over 1,000 prosthetic devices to land mine victims.

## Author

Chasey's first two successful non-fiction books, *Foreign Agent 4221*, and *Pan Am 103*, the *Lockerbie Cover-up*, drawn from personal experience, tell the story of Chasey's attempt to normalize relations between the U.S. and Libya over the bombing of Pan Am 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland in 1988. He concludes that the PanAm bombing was wrongfully attributed to the Muammar Gaddafi government and was, in fact, the work of Syria and Iran in response to the USS Vincennes incident.

'Truth Never Dies: The Bill Chasey Story,' Chasey's third book, was a 2012 Pulitzer Prize in Literature entrant, and is also drawn from personal experience. It tells of his efforts to help normalize relations between the U.S. and the Government of Libya.

## Screenplay

Chasey's book, "Truth Never Dies" (Screen Title: Influence) is in pre-production. The screenplay was written by John Brancato, Michael Ferris and Dr. Chasey. The film is being produced by Richard Middleton, Andrew Lazar and Dr. Chasey.

## Inventions

Chasey invented a *Stabilometer Computerized Analog Recording System* (SCARS), through a grant from the Joseph P. Kennedy Jr. Foundation in 1974. He invented a *Serial Stacker for Measuring Gross Motor Learning by Young Retarded Children*, through a Biomedical Research Grant, from the National Institutes of Health in 1973. Chasey, along with James Hogge, invented, *A Curve Smoothing Program for Plotting a Predictive Value for a Polynomial Fitted for an IBM 1130 Computer*, through a grant from the Joseph P. Kennedy Jr. Foundation in 1974.

## Selected research articles

* Chasey, W.C. and Wyrick, W. Effects of a gross motor development program on form perception skills of educable mentally retarded children. Research Quarterly, 1970, 41,345-351.
* Chasey, W.C. Motor skill development effects on learning by retarded children. Mental Retardation, 1970, 65, 121-123.
* Chasey, W.C. A clinical approach to motor development for retarded children. Mental Retardation, 1970, 65, 23-27.
* Chasey, W.C. and Wyrick, W. Effects of a physical developmental program on psychomotor ability of retarded children. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 1971, 75, 124-133.
* Chasey, W.C. Affective learning through a psychomotor program for retarded children. Research Quarterly, 1971, 42, 96-98.
* Chasey, W.C. Overlearning as a variable in the retention of gross motor skills by the mentally retarded. Research Quarterly, 1971, 42, 145-149.
* Chasey, W.C. and Knowles, C.S. Effects of gross motor skill overlearning on retention by mentally retarded males. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1973, 36, 503-509.
* Chasey, W.C., Swartz, J. and Chasey, C.A. Effect of motor development on body image scores in institutionalized mentally retarded children. American Journal of Mental Deficiency. 1974, 78, 440-445.
* Swartz, J. and Chasey, W.C. Motor development and body image: A reply to Ball. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 1974, 79,227-228.
* Chasey, W.C., Barth, J., Cini, A., Martin, H., and Pupke, W. A computerized analog recording system for the stabilometer. Behavior Research Methods and Instrumentation, 1975, Vol. 7 (6), 553-556.
* Chasey, W.C. and Chasey, C.A. Effect of a physical developmental program on the self-concept of trainable mentally retarded children. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 1975, 79, 380-383.
* Chasey, W.C. Distribution of practice effects on learning, retention and relearning by retarded boys. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1976, 43, 159-164.
* Chasey, W.C., Barth, J., Cini, A., Martin, H., and Pupke, W. A stabilometer computerized analog recording system for measuring motor learning. Research Quarterly, 1976, Vol. 47, 524-525.
* Chasey, W.C. Motor skill overlearning effects on retention and relearning by retarded boys. Research Quarterly, March, 1977, Vol. 48, 41-46.
* Chasey, W.C., Haywood, H.C., and Tzuriel, D. Effects of various stimuli on activity level and learning by high and low active retarded children. Research Quarterly, May, 1977, Vol. 48, No. 2, 265-269.

## Academic honors and awards

* Listed in "The Compendium Persons of Eminence in the Field of Exceptional Children."
* Listed in "Who's Who in American Education."
* Fellow, American Academy of Mental Retardation.
* Fellow, American Academy of Sports Medicine.
* Fellow, American Academy of Sports Psychology.
* Fellow, Council for Exceptional Children.
* Advisor, Presidential Commission on Olympic Sports
* Advisor, President's Council on Fitness, Sports, and Nutrition
* Delegate, White House Conference on the Handicapped
* Awarded the Bulgarian Red Cross "Gold Medal of Honor" for creating and directing a National Care Partners Network for Bulgaria.
* Awarded the "Child's Friend" award in 2006. For 60 years, this honorary medal has been awarded to individuals and institutions involved in social work for the benefit of children in the Republic of Poland.

## Other qualifications

Chasey had a Commercial Pilot License, Multi-Engine Rating, and Instrument Rating from the Federal Aviation Administration of the United States Department of Transportation. He had approximately 2,000 hours as pilot in command.

## InfoBox

| William C. Chasey | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1940-02-11)February 11, 1940
New Jersey |
| Died | May 23, 2015(2015-05-23) (aged 75)
San Diego, California |
| Nationality | American |
| Residence | Rancho Santa Fe, California |
| Alma mater | Springfield College (B.S.)
East Carolina University (M.A.)
University of Maryland (Ph.D.) |
| Profession | Philanthropist
Author
Inventor (patent)
Screenwriter |
| Military service | |
| Branch/service | United States Marine Corps |
| Years of service | 1958–1965 |
| Rank | First Lieutenant |
|  | |


title: Nebulae (computer)

abstract: Nebulae is a petascale supercomputer located at the National Supercomputing Center in Shenzhen, Guangdong, China. Built from a Dawning TC3600 Blade system with Intel Xeon X5650 processors and Nvidia Tesla C2050 GPUs, it has a peak performance of 1.271 petaflops using the LINPACK benchmark suite. Nebulae was ranked the second most powerful computer in the world in the June 2010 list of the fastest supercomputers according to TOP500. Nebulae has a theoretical peak performance of 2.9843 petaflops. This computer is used for multiple applications requiring advanced processing capabilities. It is ranked 10th among the June 2012 list of top500.org.

text:
# Nebulae (computer)

**Nebulae** (Chinese: 星雲) is a petascale supercomputer located at the National Supercomputing Center in Shenzhen, Guangdong, China. Built from a Dawning TC3600 Blade system with Intel Xeon X5650 processors and Nvidia Tesla C2050 GPUs, it has a peak performance of 1.271 petaflops using the LINPACK benchmark suite. Nebulae was ranked the second most powerful computer in the world in the June 2010 list of the fastest supercomputers according to TOP500. Nebulae has a theoretical peak performance of 2.9843 petaflops. This computer is used for multiple applications requiring advanced processing capabilities. It is ranked 10th among the June 2012 list of top500.org.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

Nebulae
| Active | 2011 |
| --- | --- |
| Location | National Supercomputing Center (Shenzhen) |
| Architecture | TC3600 Blade system |
| Power | 2,580.00 kW |
| Operating system | Linux |
| Speed | 2,984.3 TFlops/s （Rmax
1,271.0 TFlops/s （Rpeak |
| Ranking | TOP500: 2, June 2010 |
| Sources | Top500 |


title: Selective conscientious objection

abstract: Selective conscientious objection is the practice of refusing some, but not all, military service. It is much more controversial than blanket conscientious objection based on consistent pacifism. Views on selective conscientious objection range from being morally impermissible, morally permissible, a right that may be exercised, or morally obligatory in the case of military personnel asked to fight an illegal war of aggression.

text:
# Selective conscientious objection

**Selective conscientious objection** is the practice of refusing some, but not all, military service. It is much more controversial than blanket conscientious objection based on consistent pacifism. Views on selective conscientious objection range from being morally impermissible, morally permissible, a right that may be exercised, or morally obligatory in the case of military personnel asked to fight an illegal war of aggression.

## Arguments for and against

The traditional view is that soldiers are obligated to obey superior orders to participate in a war, even when this is against their conscience. The moral culpability for fighting an unjust war, in this view, is visited entirely on the leaders and not on ordinary soldiers who are entirely innocent (see moral equality of combatants). Arguments for this view include those based on social contract theory which posit that citizens should obey their state's decision to go to war, the argument that individual soldiers are ill-placed to determine whether a war is just.

In 1539, Francisco de Vitoria argued:

> If the war seems patently unjust to the subject, he must not fight, even if he is ordered to do so by the prince. This is obvious, since one may not lawfully kill an innocent man on any authority, and in the case we are speaking of the enemy must be innocent. . . if their conscience tells subjects that the war is unjust, they must not go to war even if this conscience is wrong.

Those who reject the moral equality of combatants regardless of whether they are fighting for a just or unjust cause argue that individual soldiers have an obligation to refuse to fight an unjust war if they can do so without suffering death or other grave harms. John Rawls argues that selective objection should be allowed as it may prevent the government from continuing an unjust war.

## Historical examples

During the first several years of the United States participation in the Vietnam War, selective conscientious objection based on just war theory was widespread among Catholic war resisters as well as Jews, nonreligious men, and those of other faiths. Despite its strong grassroots support, selective conscientious objection was unacceptable to the state as it was feared that allowing conscripts to pick and choose what wars they would fight in would undermine national defense. During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, some leaders including the president of Ukraine and president of Estonia argued that Russian soldiers should selectively object to the invasion. Many Israelis who refuse to serve in the IDF are selective conscientious objectors who criticize certain actions such as the invasion of Lebanon or occupation of the West Bank as immoral or illegal.

Legally, courts in most countries have distinguished between blanket objection and selective objection, allowing only the former. Soldiers have a right and a responsibility to refuse to commit war crimes, but the right to refuse to fight an illegal war is not widely recognized. In the United States, the 1971 *Gillette v. United States* found that to be recognized as a conscientious objector, one must refuse all wars. International law scholar Tom Dannenbaum argues that soldiers should have a right not to fight in illegal wars, and those who refuse to should be recognized as refugees.


title: My Love Affair with Trains

abstract: My Love Affair with Trains is the twentieth studio album by American country music singer Merle Haggard and The Strangers, released in 1976. The LP rose to number 7 on the Billboard country albums chart.

text:
# My Love Affair with Trains

***My Love Affair with Trains*** is the twentieth studio album by American country music singer Merle Haggard and The Strangers, released in 1976. The LP rose to number 7 on the *Billboard* country albums chart.

## Background

The album recalls his 1969 tribute to Jimmie Rogers, *Same Train, A Different Time* but, with its between song narrations and freight train sound effects, more closely resembles Johnny Cash's 1960 concept album *Ride This Train*. Haggard, who was also a model train enthusiast, manages only one original composition, "No More Trains to Ride". "Here Comes the Freedom Train" would be the album's only hit single, peaking at number 10 and ending Haggard's incredible run of nine consecutive #1 hits. Other notable selections include the Dolly Parton-penned title track and Jimmy Buffett's "Railroad Lady."

In addition to releasing three albums in 1976, Haggard also appeared on an episode of *The Waltons*, playing country singer Red Turner, a recovering alcoholic. He performs the song "Nobody's Darlin' But Mine."

## Critical reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |

Thom Jurek of AllMusic praises the album, maintaining that Haggard "weaves an iconographic history of the rails - from past to present to uncertain future - seamlessly and with great taste... \[The album\] may seem a bit quaint in retrospect, but its soul and emotion don't date. There is great truth in his performances of these songs, and like virtually everything he records, he tells the truth through these songs as he sees it."

## Track listing

1. "My Love Affair With Trains" (Dolly Parton)
2. "Union Station" (Ronnie Reno)
3. "Here Comes the Freedom Train" (Stephen H. Lemberg)
4. "So Long Train Whistle" (Dave Kirby, Lew Quadling)
5. "Silver Ghost" (Sterling Whipple)
6. "No More Trains to Ride" (Merle Haggard)
7. "Coming and the Going of the Trains" (Red Lane)
8. "I Won't Give Up My Train" (Mark Yeary)
9. "Where Have All the Hobos Gone" (Kirby, Danny Morrison)
10. "Railroad Lady" (Jimmy Buffett, Jerry Jeff Walker)
11. "Hobo" (Kirby, Glenn Martin)

## Personnel

The Strangers:

With

* Dave Kirby – guitar
* Johnny Meeks – bass
* Johnny Gimble – fiddle

and

## Chart positions

| Year | Chart | Position |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1976 | *Billboard* Country albums | 7 |
|

## InfoBox

| My Love Affair with Trains | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Merle Haggard and The Strangers | |
| Released | July 1976 |
| Recorded | April 1976 in Nashville, TN |
| Genre | Country |
| Label | Capitol |
| Producer | Ken Nelson, Fuzzy Owen |
| Merle Haggard and The Strangers chronology | |
| *It's All in the Movies*
(1976) ***My Love Affair with Trains***
(1976) *The Roots of My Raising*
(1976) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *My Love Affair with Trains* | |
| 1. "Here Comes the Freedom Train"
Released: May 17, 1976 | |
|  | |


title: Meledella

abstract: Meledella is a monotypic genus of gastropods belonging to the family Zonitidae. The only species is Meledella werneri. The species inhabits terrestrial environments.

text:
# Meledella

***Meledella*** is a monotypic genus of gastropods belonging to the family Zonitidae. The only species is ***Meledella werneri***.

The species inhabits terrestrial environments.

## InfoBox

| *Meledella* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Order: | Stylommatophora |
| Family: | Zonitidae |
| Genus: | *Meledella*
Sturany, 1908 |
| Species: | ***M. werneri*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Meledella werneri***
Sturany, 1908 | |
|


title: Yuriy Metlushenko

abstract: Yuriy Metlushenko is a Ukrainian former professional cyclist. He became a professional in 2002 with team Landbouwkrediet–Colnago.

text:
# Yuriy Metlushenko

**Yuriy Metlushenko** (born January 4, 1976) is a Ukrainian former professional cyclist. He became a professional in 2002 with team Landbouwkrediet–Colnago.

## Major results

2002 1st Gran Premio della Costa Etruschi 2003 1st Beveren-Leie 1st Westrozebeke 1st Stage 2 Tour of Denmark 1st Stage 1 Tour du Poitou-Charentes 2004 1st Gran Premio della Costa Etruschi 1st Leeuwse Pijl 1st Stage 2b Brixia Tour 2008 1st Lancaster Classic 1st Stage 2 Tour de Beauce 2009 1st Stage 4 Settimana Internazionale di Coppi e Bartali 1st Prologue Szlakiem Grodów Piastowskich 1st Stage 6 Tour of Qinghai Lake 1st Stage 1 Univest Grand Prix (TTT) 1st Stage 3 Tour of Hainan 2010 Tour of Qinghai Lake 1st Stages 4 & 5 1st Stage 1 Tour of Hainan 2011 1st Stage 6 Tour of Qinghai Lake 2012 1st Overall Tour of Trakya 1st Stages 1, 2 & 4 1st Stage 4 International Azerbaijan Tour 1st Stage 3 Baltic Chain Tour 1st Stage 4 Tour of Taihu Lake 2013 1st  Overall Tour of Taihu Lake 1st  Points classification 1st Stages 1, 2, 3, 4 & 9 2nd Tour of Nanjing 3rd Grand Prix of Vinnytsia 2016 5th Tour of Yancheng Coastal Wetlands

## InfoBox

Yuriy Metlushenko
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Full name | Yuriy Metlushenko |
| Born | (1976-01-04) January 4, 1976<br>Zhytomyr, Soviet Union |
| Team information | |
| Current team | Retired |
| Discipline | Road |
| Role | Rider |
| Professional teams | |
| 2002–2004 | Landbouwkrediet–Colnago |
| 2006 | Miche |
| 2006 | Team LPR |
| 2007 | MapaMap-BantProfi |
| 2008–2011 | Amore & Vita–McDonald's |
| 2012–2014 | Konya–Torku Şekerspor |
| 2015 | RTS–Santic Racing Team |
| 2015–2017 | China Jilun Cycling Team |
|  | |


title: Steven Levinson

abstract: Steven Henry Levinson is a former Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of Hawaii. Levinson served his first term from 1992 to 2002 and was retained by the Judicial Selection Commission to serve a second ten-year term. He retired from the court, effective December 31, 2008.

text:
# Steven Levinson

**Steven Henry Levinson** (born June 8, 1946, in Cincinnati, Ohio) is a former Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of Hawaii. Levinson served his first term from 1992 to 2002 and was retained by the Judicial Selection Commission to serve a second ten-year term. He retired from the court, effective December 31, 2008.

## Education

Upon graduating from his hometown Walnut Hills High School, Levinson attended Stanford University where he obtained his bachelor's degree in political science in 1968. He then went on to the University of Michigan where he obtained his doctorate of jurisprudence.

## Career

In 1971, Levinson moved to Honolulu, Hawaii to work as a law clerk for his uncle Bernard Levinson, Associate Justice of the Hawaii State Supreme Court. In 1972, he joined the law firm Schutter, Levinson and O'Brien where he worked until 1976. From 1977 to 1989, Levinson worked at the law firm Damon, Key, Bocken, Leong and Kupchak where he became an associate and then a stockholder/director. It is from his private practice that Governor John Waihee appointed Levinson in 1989 to the Hawaii State Judiciary as a circuit court judge. Confident in his abilities, the governor elevated Levinson to the Hawaii State Supreme Court in 1992. Levinson was a member of the American Civil Liberties Union while serving on the bench. Levinson is a member of the Democratic Party of Hawaii.

## *Baehr v. Lewin*

In 1993, as a Hawaii State Supreme Court Justice, Levinson wrote a notable opinion in the case of *Baehr v. Lewin*, 852 P.2d 44 (Haw. 1993), in which he ruled that the state of Hawaii needed to demonstrate a "compelling state interest" for denying marriage licenses to three same-sex couples in December 1990. He cited Article I, Section 5 of the Hawaii Constitution in stating:

*No person shall be deprived of life, liberty or property without due process of law, nor be denied the equal protection of the laws, nor be denied the enjoyment of the person's civil rights or be discriminated against in the exercise thereof because of race, religion, sex or ancestry.*

Although the ruling gave a push to the gay-rights movement, in 1998, Hawaii's residents voted in favor of amending the state's constitution to allow the legislature "the power to reserve marriage to opposite-sex couples."

## Post-judicial life

Levinson is currently a member of the Board of Directors of Hawaii United for Marriage, a coalition advocating for the legalization of same-sex marriage in the state. He has been a member of the board of directors of the ACLU of Hawaii since 2009. Levinson served on the board of directors of Equality Hawaii from 2010 through 2013. He has been performing same-sex marriages in Hawaii since December 2, 2013, the effective date of Hawaii's Marriage Equality Bill. In October 2016, Levinson was appointed to be a member of the Honolulu Police Commission by Mayor Kirk Caldwell.

## InfoBox

| Steven H. Levinson | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Justice of the
Supreme Court of Hawaii | |
| **In office**
April 7, 1992  December 31, 2008 | |
| Nominated by | John D. Waihee III |
| Preceded by | Frank D. Padgett |
| Succeeded by | Mark E. Recktenwald |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1946-06-08) June 8, 1946
Cincinnati, Ohio |
| Education | Stanford University (BA)
University of Michigan Law School (JD) |
|  | |


title: Weitbrecht Communications

abstract: Weitbrecht Communications, Inc. (WCI) is a Santa Monica, California company that specializes in providing products for deaf people. The company was founded as Applied Communications around 1965 by Robert Weitbrecht and James C. Marsters based on Weitbrecht's invention of the teleprinter at SRI International.

text:
# Weitbrecht Communications

**Weitbrecht Communications, Inc.** (**WCI**) is a Santa Monica, California company that specializes in providing products for deaf people. The company was founded as **Applied Communications** around 1965 by Robert Weitbrecht and James C. Marsters based on Weitbrecht's invention of the teleprinter at SRI International (then Stanford Research Institute).

## InfoBox

Weitbrecht Communications, Inc.
| Founded | 1965 |
| --- | --- |
| Founder | Robert Weitbrecht and James C. Marsters |
| Headquarters | Santa Monica, California, United States |
| Website | www.weitbrecht.com |


title: Weismann-Netter–Stuhl syndrome

abstract: Weismann-Netter–Stuhl syndrome, also known as Weismann-Netter syndrome or tibioperoneal diaphyseal toxopachyosteosis, is a rare disorder characterized by bowing of the lower legs and an abnormal thickening of thinner bone in the leg. The main sign is anterior bowing and posterior cortical thickening of the diaphyses of both the tibiae and fibulae. It is thought to be inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion and is most often bilateral and symmetric in nature. Associated features include dwarfism and mild intellectual disability as well as a process known as tibialization of the fibulae, which involves thickening and enlargement of these bones to an extent resembling the tibiae. The combination of the presence of tibialization of the fibulae, which is highly specific for the disorder, and the absence of laboratory abnormalities, ruling out alternative diagnoses including rickets, essentially confirms the diagnosis.

text:
# Weismann-Netter–Stuhl syndrome

**Weismann-Netter–Stuhl syndrome**, also known as **Weismann-Netter syndrome** or **tibioperoneal diaphyseal toxopachyosteosis**, is a rare disorder characterized by bowing of the lower legs and an abnormal thickening of thinner bone in the leg.

The main sign is anterior bowing and posterior cortical thickening of the diaphyses of both the tibiae and fibulae. It is thought to be inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion and is most often bilateral and symmetric in nature. Associated features include dwarfism and mild intellectual disability as well as a process known as tibialization of the fibulae, which involves thickening and enlargement of these bones to an extent resembling the tibiae. The combination of the presence of tibialization of the fibulae, which is highly specific for the disorder, and the absence of laboratory abnormalities, ruling out alternative diagnoses including rickets, essentially confirms the diagnosis.

## Cause

This condition is currently felt to be a genetic disorder, caused by inheritance of an abnormal gene via autosomal dominant inheritance.

## Diagnosis

### Radiographic features

The most prominent and extensively documented findings of Weismann-Netter–Stuhl syndrome are on plain radiographs of the bones. Findings include bilateral and symmetric anterior bowing of both tibiae and fibulae, lateral bowing of the tibiae, femoral bowing, and squaring of iliac and pelvis bones.

## Management

Gene therapy if possible

## History

The features of this disorder were first described by French doctors Robert Weismann-Netter (1894–1980) and L. Stuhl in their report first describing the association in seven patients in 1954. They believed these seven patients had mistakenly been diagnosed as congenital syphilis or rickets, which remain the primary considerations in the differential diagnosis of this syndrome today.

## InfoBox

| Weismann-Netter–Stuhl syndrome | |
| --- | --- |
| Other names | Weismann-Netter syndrome, tibioperoneal diaphyseal toxopachyosteosis |
|  | |
| Weismann-Netter–Stuhl syndrome is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. | |


title: Weather Info for All Initiative

abstract: The Weather Info for All (WIFA) Initiative is a public-private partnership that works to reinforce the capacities and the capabilities of national meteorological services with the goal of supporting local communities worst impacted by climate change through the improvement of weather monitoring. "By bringing together the expertise and resources of different public and private actors, this project may help to save lives and improve the livelihoods of communities in Africa living on the frontlines of climate change." Kofi Annan, President of the Global Humanitarian Forum. The Forum, together with Ericsson, the World Meteorological Organization, National Meteorological Services (NMSs), the Earth Institute at Columbia University, as well as Zain and other mobile phone operators aim to deploy up to 5,000 automatic weather stations (AWSs) at wireless network sites across Africa, where less than 300 are reporting today.

text:
# Weather Info for All Initiative

The **Weather Info for All (WIFA) Initiative** is a public-private partnership that works to reinforce the capacities and the capabilities of national meteorological services with the goal of supporting local communities worst impacted by climate change through the improvement of weather monitoring. "By bringing together the expertise and resources of different public and private actors, this project may help to save lives and improve the livelihoods of communities in Africa living on the frontlines of climate change." Kofi Annan, President of the Global Humanitarian Forum. The Forum, together with Ericsson, the World Meteorological Organization, National Meteorological Services (NMSs), the Earth Institute at Columbia University, as well as Zain and other mobile phone operators aim to deploy up to 5,000 automatic weather stations (AWSs) at wireless network sites across Africa, where less than 300 are reporting today.

## Background

Climate change alters weather patterns and causes an increased number of extreme weather events, impacting heavily on the world’s poorest and most vulnerable communities. A recent Global Humanitarian Forum report estimated that climate change is responsible for some 300,000 deaths each year and over 100 billion US dollars worth of economic losses, mainly because of shocks to health and agricultural productivity. Sub-Saharan Africa accounts for close to a quarter of these losses, and is the region at the most immediate risk of droughts and floods. Agricultural yields in some areas are expected to fall by 50% as early as 2020.

Adding to the fact that Africa is the continent worst affected by climate change, it also has the weakest weather monitoring system with only one-eighth of the WMO required weather monitoring density and less than 300 weather stations that meet WMO observation requirements. NMSs across Africa, therefore, do not have the necessary means to deliver accurate and timely weather forecasts to end-users, when adequate, environmental information and services can play a crucial role in improving their lives and livelihoods and can contribute to sustaining economic growth, as well as to mitigating natural disasters.

As climate change renders traditional knowledge unreliable, the lack of accurate weather forecasts prevents farmers from making informed decisions, such as when to seed and harvest their crops. Fishermen are also at risk with each year some 5’000 people’s lives being claimed on Lake Victoria alone due to storms and accidents. Accurate weather information is also crucial to understand and take action against the spread of climate-sensitive diseases, as well as for development planning purposes and for expanding access to insurance.

## The Weather Information Gap

Annual Global Monitoring 1-15/10/2008 SYNOP reports made at 00,06,12 and 18 UTC at RBSN stations

## The initiative

Through the reinforcement of the capacities of the NMSs, the Initiative is a practical solution for adaptation to climate change. It aims at enabling them to deliver more accurate weather forecasts and early warnings to communities throughout Africa as well as to develop new services adapted to various user groups such as farmers, health workers, or government agencies. Harnessing on the opportunities brought by the development of mobile communication in Africa, partners to the Initiative will install up to 5,000 AWSs at new and existing wireless network sites throughout Africa and reinforce the capacities of the NMSs to generate accurate weather forecasts and early warnings.

The data collected by these stations will be analyzed by NMSs and transformed into sector-specific weather forecasts and early warnings distributed to end-users who need it most – farmers, fishermen, rural, and urban communities via a suitable telecoms bearer, for example, SMS.

## Key Outcomes

*This initiative may prove to be one of the most important for African meteorology in decades*.” Michel Jarraud, Secretary General, World Meteorological Organisation

Better weather monitoring and forecasting capacities of NMSs and increased delivery channels to those who need them most will contribute to saving lives and livelihoods and boosting development progress in a variety of ways:

* **Reinforcement of NMSs capacities and capabilities**: Installation of AWSs will reinforce the existing observation network and NMSs capacities to allow for the development of improved weather services and the delivery of accurate and adequate weather information to end-users.
* **Adaptation to climate change**: Accurate information about changing weather patterns assists communities to adapt to the consequences of climatic change.
* **Agriculture**: Accurate weather information leads to improved agricultural planning and decision-making.
* **Development planning**: A better understanding of local climate conditions enables better planning and implementation of development strategies.
* **Disaster risk reduction**: More accurate weather information and early warnings allow for better preparedness to severe weather events, reducing their socio-economic cost.
* **Health**: Weather forecasts allow for the implementation of preventive measures against climate-sensitive diseases and epidemics, such as malaria, cholera, and dengue fever.
* **Insurance**: Greater and more accurate weather information provides the basis for weather-index insurances, and allows for the expansion of insurance policies to farmers through micro-insurance schemes.
* **Finance**: Farmers whose crops are insured through weather index policies have greater possibilities for accessing finance, which can help farmers increase crop yields and incomes.

## Automatic Weather Stations (AWS)

AWSs use sensors to take measurements of a variety of meteorological parameters. Those deployed for the Initiative conform to WMO specifications. These units are robust and able to withstand various environmental conditions, yet are economical to operate, calibrate and maintain. They are run on state of the art proprietary software able to handle the reporting of a large network of weather stations and able to detect faulty sensors remotely in real-time. Among other things, automatic weather stations monitor:

Fairmount Weather Systems Limited is the manufacturer of the AWSs being deployed for the Initiative.

## Current status

As of the end of June 2009, the Global Humanitarian Forum and its partners have completed Phase I of the Initiative and installed 19 AWSs in three African Great Lakes countries: 1 in Kenya, 9 in Tanzania, and 9 in Uganda. All 19 AWSs are fully operational and successfully transferring raw weather data to the NMSs.

Phase II of the Initiative was expected to begin in the first quarter of 2010. About 500 AWSs will progressively be installed throughout Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda, with the later addition of Burundi and Rwanda.

The Global Humanitarian Forum encountered serious financial difficulties due to which the Forum had to dismiss its staff in March 2010.\[1\]\[2\] On 31 March 2010, the Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs announced that the Forum was over-indebted and obliged to cease its activity.\[3\] As of June 2, 2014, the WIFA Initiative seems to be inactive.

## WIFA Launch

On June 18, the Global Humanitarian Forum and its President, former UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan, together with its partners announced the Weather Info for All Initiative. The event was held at the Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction, in Geneva, Switzerland and was attended by a number of personalities who presented the rationale for this Initiative and its benefits for the world’s poorest and most vulnerable to climate change.

At this occasion, the Forum’s President, Kofi Annan, declared that “The world’s poorest are also the world’s most vulnerable when it comes to the impact of climate change, and the least equipped to deal with its consequences. Today you find cell phone towers in almost every part of Africa. We have never been able to establish weather monitoring on that scale, until now.” Also present at the launch were: Michel Jarraud, Secretary-General of the WMO, Carl-Henric Svanberg, CEO of Ericsson, Lord Simon Cairns, Chairman of Zain Africa, as well as Margareta Wahlström, UN Assistant Secretary-General for Disaster Risk Reduction.


title: Weißwurstäquator

abstract: "Weißwurstäquator" is a humorous term describing the supposed cultural boundary separating Southern Germany from the northern parts, especially Bavaria from Central Germany. It is named for the Weisswurst sausage of Bavaria, and has no precise definition. A popular one is the linguistic boundary known as the Speyer line separating Upper German from Central German dialects, roughly following the Main River; another is a line running further south, more or less along the Danube, or between the Main and the Danube, roughly along the 49th parallel north circle of latitude.

text:
# Weißwurstäquator

"**Weißwurstäquator**" (German pronunciation: \[ˈvaɪsvʊʁst.ɛˌkvaːtoːɐ̯\] ; lit.'white sausage equator') is a humorous term describing the supposed cultural boundary separating Southern Germany from the northern parts, especially Bavaria from Central Germany.

It is named for the Weisswurst sausage of Bavaria, and has no precise definition. A popular one is the linguistic boundary known as the Speyer line separating Upper German from Central German dialects, roughly following the Main River; another is a line running further south, more or less along the Danube, or between the Main and the Danube, roughly along the 49th parallel north circle of latitude.


title: Weje, West Pomeranian Voivodeship

abstract: Weje is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Barwice, within Szczecinek County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) south-east of Barwice, 20 km (12 mi) west of Szczecinek, and 124 km (77 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin. For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

text:
# Weje, West Pomeranian Voivodeship

**Weje** \[ˈvɛjɛ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Barwice, within Szczecinek County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) south-east of Barwice, 20 km (12 mi) west of Szczecinek, and 124 km (77 mi) east of the regional capital Szczecin.

For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

## InfoBox

| Weje | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Weje | |
| Coordinates: 53°42′25″N 16°23′39″E / 53.70694°N 16.39417°E / 53.70694; 16.39417 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | West Pomeranian |
| County | Szczecinek |
| Gmina | Barwice |


title: Wecyclers

abstract: Wecyclers is a waste management company in Nigeria that helps low-income communities exchange their recyclable waste which is measured in kilograms for cash and other rewards.

text:
# Wecyclers

**Wecyclers** is a waste management company in Nigeria that helps low-income communities exchange their recyclable waste which is measured in kilograms for cash and other rewards.

## History

The waste management company Wecyclers began as a student project in respect to this, Bilikiss Adebiyi-Abiola has now modified it into a social enterprise that combats Lagos' garbage crisis and encourages low-income communities to turn refuse into revenue.

In 2012, Wecyclers was founded by Bilikiss Adebiyi-Abiola and her co-founders. Wecyclers uses low-cost cargo bicycles to provide convenient recycling services to households across Nigeria.

In 2023 the company gained funding for a plant in Ogun State that will be able to recycle PET bottles funded by a Norwegian initiative.

## Partnership

Wecyclers is in partnership with various organizations which includes; Nestle Nigeria, Guinness Nigeria and Lagos State Waste Management Authority.

In 2023 the company joined a partnership with Unilever and the UK government organised by Societe Generale. Wecyclers was to receive funds for expansion and they targeted a collection of 30,000 tonnes of waste plastic to be collected over the next five years. Unilever saw their investment as keeping plastics out of the environment in Nigeria.

## Awards and recognition

* Le Monde Smart-Cities 2017 Innovation Awards.
* The Tech Intel Environmental Awards 2013.
* 2019 King Baudouin Award.


title: Weigel's

abstract: Weigel's is a convenience store chain based in Powell, Tennessee with 68 locations in the East Tennessee region. They also own and operate Broadacre Dairy Inc, which processes milk, tea, juices, and eggnog for their convenience stores, as well as its own bakery, Red Barn Foods.

text:
# Weigel's

**Weigel's** is a convenience store chain based in Powell, Tennessee with 68 locations in the East Tennessee region. They also own and operate Broadacre Dairy Inc, which processes milk, tea, juices, and eggnog for their convenience stores, as well as its own bakery, Red Barn Foods.

## History

The Weigel family entered the dairy business in 1931 with a "herd" of four cows on a 600-acre farm selling raw milk in 10-gallon cans. William Weigel Sr. began bottling pasteurized milk in 1935 and the company soon built a home delivery service.

In 1938, management of the operation passed completely to Lynn B. and William W. Weigel, both men having graduated from the University of Tennessee's School of Dairy Science. Lynn was in charge of the office and dairy operations and William was in charge of farm operations and marketing. In 1947, the new plant was modernized, and ice cream and cottage cheese production were added.

Primarily to provide an outlet for their returnable gallon milk jugs and other dairy products, the Weigel brothers opened drive-through stores in East Tennessee. 500-square-foot (46 m2) Store Number 1, on Sanderson Road in Knoxville, Tennessee, opened on December 9, 1958. Current CEO Billy Weigel expanded on that idea when he opened the company's first walk-in milk store, in 1964, which became one of the first convenience stores in Knoxville.

The company opened its own bakery, Red Barn Foods, in 2014. The 12,000-square-foot facility makes daily delivers of donuts, cookies and muffins to Weigel's locations throughout the region. The company is expanding on that fresh concept with Weigel's Kitchens inside some locations.

Between 1999 and 2015, Weigel's invested more than $120 million in new store builds, opening about 40 new and replacement locations.

## Weigel's Milk

In 1958, Weigel's introduced its Jug O’Milk brand. All Weigel's milk is produced at the Broadacre Dairy dairy farm in Powell, Tennessee. The milk is cold pasteurized the old-fashioned way, allowing it to retain a natural creamy flavor. Being a small and local dairy, the company's localized supply chain is able to bring the milk from farm-to-store within 24 hours.

Weigel's chocolate milk has won three Tennessee State Fair Blue Ribbon awards.

## Locations

1. Store #11 - 1700 Merchants Drive, Knoxville, TN 37912
2. Store #12 - 5621 Western Ave, Knoxville, TN 37921
3. Store #15 - 6927 Kingston Pike, Knoxville, TN 37919
4. Store #18 - 7701 South Northshore Drive, Knoxville, TN 37919
5. Store #20 - 2119 W Emory Rd, Powell, TN 37849
6. Store #22 - 3900 Pleasant Ridge Road, Knoxville, TN 37912
7. Store #23 - 328 N Cedar Bluff Rd, Knoxville, TN 37923
8. Store #26 - 1500 Downtown W Blvd, Knoxville, TN 37919
9. Store #27 - 7433 Maynardville Pike, Knoxville, TN 37938
10. Store #29 - 6301 Lonas Drive, Knoxville, TN 37909
11. Store #30 - 1000 N Cedar Bluff Rd, Knoxville, TN 37923
12. Store #31 - 6532 Maynardville Pike, Knoxville, TN 37918
13. Store #32 - 9148 Fox Lonas Rd, Knoxville, TN, 37923
14. Store #33 - 9541 Kingston Pike, Knoxville, TN 37922
15. Store #36 - 2385 Oak Ridge Turnpike, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830
16. Store #37 - 11 E. Summit Hill Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37915
17. Store #39 - 7420 Tazewell Pike, Corryton, TN, 37721
18. Store #42 - 390 Hwy 321 North, Lenoir City, TN, 37771
19. Store #43 - 4750 Middlebrook Pike, Knoxville, TN, 37921
20. Store #44 - 12001 Kingston Pike, Knoxville, TN, 37934
21. Store #45 - 7801 Oak Ridge Hwy , Knoxville, TN, 37921
22. Store #46 - 3104 W John Sevier Hwy, Knoxville, TN, 37920
23. Store #47 - 1325 N. Cherry Street, Knoxville, TN, 37914
24. Store #48 - 7235 Strawberry Plains Pike, Knoxville, TN, 37914
25. Store #49 - 8410 Middlebrook Pike, Knoxville, TN, 37923
26. Store #50 - 2024 Topside Rd, Louisville, TN, 37777
27. Store #51 - 6802 Central Ave Pike, Knoxville, TN, 37918
28. Store #52 - 9710 Westland Dr, Knoxville, TN, 37922
29. Store #53 - 1920 West Broadway, Maryville, TN, 37801
30. Store #54 - 2031 Hwy 411, Vonore, TN, 37885
31. Store #55 - 1506 East Emory Rd, Knoxville, TN, 37938
32. Store #56 - 610 N Campbell Station Rd, Knoxville, TN, 37934
33. Store #57 - 9301 S. Northshore Dr, Knoxville, TN, 37922
34. Store #58 - 504 Gallaher Rd, Kingston, TN, 37763
35. Store #59 - 331 East Emory Rd, Powell, TN, 37849
36. Store #60 - 5904 Washington Pike, Knoxville, TN, 37918
37. Store #61 - 657 Hwy 92 South, Dandridge, TN, 37725
38. Store #62 - 12350 Hwy 72 North, Loudon, TN, 37774
39. Store #63 - 9729 Middlebrook Pike, Knoxville, TN, 37931
40. Store #64 - 2409 Charles G Seivers Blvd, Clinton, TN, 37716
41. Store #65 - 2106 W Andrew Johnson Hwy, Morristown, TN, 37816
42. Store #66 - 4567 Hwy 321, Lenoir City, TN, 37771
43. Store #67 - 7514 Mountain Grove Dr, Knoxville, TN, 37920
44. Store #68 - 2750 N Davy Crockett Pkwy, Morristown, TN, 37816
45. Store #69 - 1512 Dolly Parton Pkwy, Sevierville, TN, 37862
46. Store #70 - 12400 S. Northshore Dr, Knoxville, TN, 37922
47. Store #71 - 10625 Hardin Valley Rd, Knoxville, TN, 37932
48. Store #73 - 102 Weigel Lane, Rocky Top, TN, 37769
49. Store #74 - 1405 Lovell Road, Knoxville, TN, 37932
50. Store #75 - 105 Boyds Creek Hwy , Seymour, TN, 37865
51. Store #76 - 6677 Peavine Road, Crossville, TN, 38571
52. Store #77 - 143 W. Broadway Blvd, Jefferson City, TN, 37760
53. Store #78 - 2105 Hwy 321, Maryville, TN, 37801
54. Store #79 - 417 S. Illinois Ave, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830
55. Store #80 - 910 Cosby Hwy, Newport, TN, 37821
56. Store #81 - 5290 S. Davy Crockett Pkwy, Morristown, TN, 37813
57. Store #82 - 2340 Clinton Hwy, Powell, TN, 37849
58. Store #83 - 2403 Jacksboro Pike, LaFollette, TN, 37766
59. Store #84 - 3939 Chapman Hwy, Knoxville, TN, 37920
60. Store #85 - 2001 Roane State Hwy-Midtown, Harriman, TN, 37748
61. Store #86 - 208 Hwy 68, Sweetwater, TN, 37874
62. Store #87 - 1023 West Ave, Crossville, TN, 38555
63. Store #88 - 3815 Western Ave, Knoxville, TN, 37921
64. Store #89 - 7505 Clinton Hwy, Powell, TN, 37849
65. Store #90 - 2865 Winfield Dunn Pkwy, Sevierville, TN, 37764
66. Store #92 - 1150 Hunters Crossing Drive, Alcoa, TN, 37701
67. Store #93 - 4401 West Stone Dr, Kingsport, TN, 37660
68. Store #94 - 1416 Hwy 11W, Bristol, TN, 37620
69. Store #97 - 5777 Hwy 11E, Piney Flats, TN, 37686

## InfoBox

Weigel's Stores, Inc.
|
|  |
|
| Trade name | Weigel's |
| Company type | Private |
| Industry | Retail (convenience stores) |
| Founded | 1931 (1931) |
| Founder | Lynn B. and William W. Weigel |
| Headquarters | Powell, Tennessee, U.S. |
| Number of locations | 68 (2022) |
| Area served | East Tennessee |
| Products | * Coffee * Prepared foods * Gasoline * Beverages * Snacks * Dairy products |
| Subsidiaries | * Broadacre Dairy Inc * Red Barn Foods LLC |
| Website | weigels.com |


title: Weigel's toad

abstract:
Weigel's toad is a species of frog in the family Limnodynastidae.
It is endemic to Australia.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry shrubland, subtropical or tropical dry lowland grassland, intermittent freshwater marshes, and rocky areas.

text:
# Weigel's toad

**Weigel's toad** (*Notaden weigeli*) is a species of frog in the family Limnodynastidae. It is endemic to Australia. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry shrubland, subtropical or tropical dry lowland grassland, intermittent freshwater marshes, and rocky areas.

## InfoBox

| Weigel's toad | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Limnodynastidae |
| Genus: | *Notaden* |
| Species: | ***N. weigeli*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Notaden weigeli***
Shea & Johnston, 1987 | |
|


title: Werauhia pedicellata

abstract: Werauhia pedicellata is a plant species in the genus Werauhia. This species is native to Costa Rica.

text:
# Werauhia pedicellata

***Werauhia pedicellata*** is a plant species in the genus *Werauhia*. This species is native to Costa Rica.

* Luther, Harry E. (1995). "An Annotated Checklist of the Bromeliaceae of Costa Rica". *Selbyana*. **16** (2): 230–234. ISSN 0361-185X. JSTOR 41759911.

## InfoBox

| *Werauhia pedicellata* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| *Clade*: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Bromeliaceae |
| Genus: | *Werauhia* |
| Species: | ***W. pedicellata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Werauhia pedicellata***<br>(Mez & Wercklé) J.R.Grant | |
|


title: Werauhia ororiensis

abstract: Werauhia ororiensis is a plant species in the genus Werauhia. This species is native to Costa Rica.

text:
# Werauhia ororiensis

***Werauhia ororiensis*** is a plant species in the genus *Werauhia*. This species is native to Costa Rica.

* Luther, Harry E. (1995). "An Annotated Checklist of the Bromeliaceae of Costa Rica". *Selbyana*. **16** (2): 230–234. ISSN 0361-185X. JSTOR 41759911.

## InfoBox

| *Werauhia ororiensis* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| *Clade*: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Bromeliaceae |
| Genus: | *Werauhia* |
| Species: | ***W. ororiensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Werauhia ororiensis***<br>(Mez) J.R.Grant | |
|


title: Werauhia pectinata

abstract: Werauhia pectinata is a plant species in the genus Werauhia. This species is native to Mexico.

text:
# Werauhia pectinata

***Werauhia pectinata*** is a plant species in the genus *Werauhia*. This species is native to Mexico.

* Espejo-Serna, Adolfo; López-Ferrari, Ana Rosa; Ramírez-morillo, Ivón; Holst, Bruce K.; Luther, Harry E.; Till, Walter (1 June 2004). "Checklist of Mexican Bromeliaceae with Notes on Species Distribution and Levels of Endemism". *Selbyana*. **25** (1): 33–86. ISSN 2689-0682. JSTOR 41760147.

## InfoBox

| *Werauhia pectinata* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| *Clade*: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Bromeliaceae |
| Genus: | *Werauhia* |
| Species: | ***W. pectinata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Werauhia pectinata***<br>(L.B.Smith) J.R.Grant | |
|


abstract: The women's 63 kilograms weightlifting event was the fourth women's event at the weightlifting competition, with competitors limited to a maximum of 63 kilograms of body mass. The whole competition took place on August 12, but was divided in two parts due to the number of competitors. Group B weightlifters competed at 12:30, and Group A, at 15:30. This event was the sixth Weightlifting event to conclude. Each lifter performed in both the snatch and clean and jerk lifts, with the final score being the sum of the lifter's best result in each. The athlete received three attempts in each of the two lifts; the score for the lift was the heaviest weight successfully lifted.

text:
# Weightlifting at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Women's 63 kg

The **women's 63 kilograms** weightlifting event was the fourth women's event at the weightlifting competition, with competitors limited to a maximum of 63 kilograms of body mass. The whole competition took place on August 12, but was divided in two parts due to the number of competitors. Group B weightlifters competed at 12:30, and Group A, at 15:30. This event was the sixth Weightlifting event to conclude.

Each lifter performed in both the snatch and clean and jerk lifts, with the final score being the sum of the lifter's best result in each. The athlete received three attempts in each of the two lifts; the score for the lift was the heaviest weight successfully lifted.

## Schedule

All times are China Standard Time (UTC+8)

| Date | Time | Event |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 12 August 2008 | 12:30 | Group B |
| | 15:30 | Group A |

## Records

Prior to this competition, the existing world and Olympic records were as follows.

| **World Record** | Snatch | Pawina Thongsuk (THA) | **116 kg** | Doha, Qatar | 12 November 2005 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Clean & Jerk | Pawina Thongsuk (THA) | **142 kg** | Doha, Qatar | 4 December 2006 |
| | Total | Liu Haixia (CHN) | **257 kg** | Chiang Mai, Thailand | 23 September 2007 |
|  | | | | | | |
| **Olympic Record** | Snatch | Hanna Batsiushka (BLR) | **115 kg** | Athens, Greece | 18 August 2004 |
| | Clean & Jerk | Nataliya Skakun (UKR) | **135 kg** | Athens, Greece | 18 August 2004 |
| | Total | Chen Xiaomin (CHN) | **242 kg** | Sydney, Australia | 19 September 2000 |

## Results

| Rank | Athlete | Group | Body weight | Snatch (kg) | | | | Clean & Jerk (kg) | | | | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | 1 | 2 | 3 | Result | 1 | 2 | 3 | Result | |
|  | Pak Hyon-suk (PRK) | A | 61.80 | 102 | 106 | ~~108~~ | 106 | ~~135~~ | ~~135~~ | 135 | 135 | **241** |
|  | Lu Ying-chi (TPE) | A | 62.46 | 98 | 102 | 104 | 104 | 127 | ~~130~~ | ~~130~~ | 127 | **231** |
|  | Christine Girard (CAN) | A | 62.44 | 96 | 99 | 102 | 102 | 126 | ~~130~~ | ~~130~~ | 126 | **228** |
| 4 | Nguyễn Thị Thiết (VIE) | A | 62.49 | 98 | 100 | ~~102~~ | 100 | 120 | 125 | ~~127~~ | 125 | **225** |
| 5 | Kim Soo-kyung (KOR) | A | 62.74 | 98 | ~~102~~ | ~~103~~ | 98 | 127 | ~~134~~ | ~~134~~ | 127 | **225** |
| 6 | Ruth Kasirye (NOR) | A | 62.62 | 99 | 103 | ~~105~~ | 103 | 121 | ~~125~~ | ~~125~~ | 121 | **224** |
| 7 | Luz Acosta (MEX) | B | 62.84 | 100 | ~~103~~ | 103 | 103 | 120 | ~~125~~ | ~~125~~ | 120 | **223** |
| 8 | Mercedes Pérez (COL) | A | 62.48 | 93 | 97 | ~~100~~ | 97 | 120 | ~~126~~ | ~~126~~ | 120 | **217** |
| 9 | Namkhaidorjiin Bayarmaa (MGL) | B | 62.50 | 90 | ~~95~~ | ~~95~~ | 90 | 118 | 121 | 123 | 123 | **213** |
| 10 | Dominika Misterska (POL) | B | 62.60 | 92 | 94 | ~~95~~ | 94 | 115 | ~~117~~ | 117 | 117 | **211** |
| 11 | Natalie Woolfolk (USA) | B | 62.72 | 93 | 97 | ~~101~~ | 97 | 107 | 111 | 114 | 114 | **211** |
| 12 | Solenny Villasmil (VEN) | B | 62.60 | 90 | ~~95~~ | ~~95~~ | 90 | ~~115~~ | ~~115~~ | 115 | 115 | **205** |
| 13 | Carissa Gump (USA) | B | 62.20 | ~~85~~ | 85 | 88 | 88 | ~~116~~ | 116 | ~~121~~ | 116 | **204** |
| 14 | Michaela Breeze (GBR) | B | 61.55 | 80 | 85 |  | 85 | 80 | 90 | 100 | 100 | **185** |
| 15 | Hanene Ourfelli (TUN) | B | 62.38 | 80 | ~~85~~ | ~~85~~ | 80 | 95 | ~~100~~ | ~~106~~ | 95 | **175** |
| 16 | María Teresa Monasterio (BOL) | B | 62.96 | 60 | 63 | ~~65~~ | 63 | 75 | 78 | ~~80~~ | 78 | **141** |
|  | Svetlana Tsarukaeva (RUS) | A | 62.37 | ~~107~~ | ~~107~~ | ~~107~~ |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Leila Lassouani (ALG) | B | 62.28 | 85 | ~~90~~ | ~~90~~ | 85 | ~~110~~ | ~~110~~ | ~~110~~ |  |  |
| DQ | Irina Nekrassova (KAZ) | A | 62.86 | 105 | 110 | ~~112~~ | 110 | 130 | ~~135~~ | ~~135~~ | 130 | ~~**240**~~ |
| DQ | Maiya Maneza (KAZ) | A | 62.12 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

## InfoBox

| Women's 63 kg<br>at the Games of the XXIX Olympiad | |
| --- | --- |
| Venue | Beihang University Gymnasium |
| Date | 12 August |
| Competitors | 20 from 18 nations |
| Medalists | |
| Pak Hyon-suk  North Korea  Lu Ying-chi  Chinese Taipei  Christine Girard  Canada | |
|


abstract: The women's 58 kilograms weightlifting event was the third women's event at the weightlifting competition, with competitors limited to a maximum of 58 kilograms of body mass. The whole competition took place on August 11, but was divided in two parts due to the number of competitors. Group B weightlifters competed at 12:30, and Group A, at 15:30. This event was the fourth weightlifting event to conclude. Each lifter performed in both the snatch and clean and jerk lifts, with the final score being the sum of the lifter's best result in each. The athlete received three attempts in each of the two lifts; the score for the lift was the heaviest weight successfully lifted.

text:
# Weightlifting at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Women's 58 kg

The **women's 58 kilograms** weightlifting event was the third women's event at the weightlifting competition, with competitors limited to a maximum of 58 kilograms of body mass. The whole competition took place on August 11, but was divided in two parts due to the number of competitors. Group B weightlifters competed at 12:30, and Group A, at 15:30. This event was the fourth weightlifting event to conclude.

Each lifter performed in both the snatch and clean and jerk lifts, with the final score being the sum of the lifter's best result in each. The athlete received three attempts in each of the two lifts; the score for the lift was the heaviest weight successfully lifted.

## Schedule

All times are China Standard Time (UTC+08:00)

| Date | Time | Event |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 11 August 2008 | 15:30 | Group A |

## Records

Prior to this competition, the existing world and Olympic records were as follows.

| **World Record** | Snatch | Chen Yanqing (CHN) | **111 kg** | Doha, Qatar | 3 December 2006 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Clean & Jerk | Qiu Hongmei (CHN) | **141 kg** | Tai'an, China | 23 April 2007 |
| | Total | Chen Yanqing (CHN) | **251 kg** | Doha, Qatar | 3 December 2006 |
|  | | | | | | |
| **Olympic Record** | Snatch | Chen Yanqing (CHN) | **107 kg** | Athens, Greece | 16 August 2004 |
| | Clean & Jerk | Olympic Standard | **130 kg** |  | 1 January 1997 |
| | Total | Chen Yanqing (CHN) | **237 kg** | Athens, Greece | 16 August 2004 |

## Results

| Rank | Athlete | Group | Body weight | Snatch (kg) | | | | Clean & Jerk (kg) | | | | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | 1 | 2 | 3 | Result | 1 | 2 | 3 | Result | |
|  | Chen Yanqing (CHN) | A | 57.66 | 100 | 103 | 106 | 106 | 130 | 132 | 138 | 138 | **244** |
|  | O Jong-ae (PRK) | A | 57.15 | 95 | ~~98~~ | ~~98~~ | 95 | 125 | ~~131~~ | 131 | 131 | **226** |
|  | Wandee Kameaim (THA) | A | 57.25 | 95 | 98 | ~~100~~ | 98 | 125 | 128 | ~~129~~ | 128 | **226** |
| 4 | Alexandra Escobar (ECU) | A | 57.82 | ~~96~~ | 96 | 99 | 99 | 120 | 124 | ~~127~~ | 124 | **223** |
| 5 | Romela Begaj (ALB) | A | 57.56 | 95 | 98 | ~~100~~ | 98 | 110 | 115 | 118 | 118 | **216** |
| 6 | Aleksandra Klejnowska (POL) | A | 57.66 | ~~92~~ | 92 | 95 | 95 | 120 | ~~125~~ | ~~126~~ | 120 | **215** |
| 7 | Roxana Cocoș (ROU) | A | 57.88 | 82 | 86 | 89 | 89 | 111 | ~~115~~ | 115 | 115 | **204** |
| 8 | Geralee Vega (PUR) | A | 57.51 | ~~90~~ | ~~90~~ | 90 | 90 | 112 | ~~115~~ | ~~116~~ | 112 | **202** |
| 9 | Marieta Gotfryd (POL) | A | 57.70 | 90 | ~~95~~ | ~~95~~ | 90 | 105 | 110 | ~~113~~ | 110 | **200** |
| 10 | Hidilyn Diaz (PHI) | A | 56.28 | 80 | 85 | ~~90~~ | 85 | ~~102~~ | 102 | 107 | 107 | **192** |
| 11 | Wendy Hale (SOL) | A | 57.15 | 74 | 78 | ~~82~~ | 78 | 95 | ~~100~~ | ~~100~~ | 95 | **173** |
| DQ | Marina Shainova (RUS) | A | 57.93 | 95 | ~~98~~ | 98 | 98 | 125 | ~~128~~ | 129 | 129 | ~~**227**~~ |

* Marina Shainova of Russia originally won the silver medal, but she was disqualified after a re-analysis of her 2008 sample tested positive for steroids.

## New records

| Clean & Jerk | 131 kg | O Jong-ae (PRK) | **OR** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | 132 kg | Chen Yanqing (CHN) | **OR** |
| | 138 kg | Chen Yanqing (CHN) | **OR** |
| Total | 238 kg | Chen Yanqing (CHN) | **OR** |
| | 244 kg | Chen Yanqing (CHN) | **OR** |

## InfoBox

| Women's 58 kg<br>at the Games of the XXIX Olympiad | |
| --- | --- |
| Venue | Beihang University Gymnasium |
| Date | 11 August |
| Competitors | 12 from 11 nations |
| Medalists | |
| Chen Yanqing  China  O Jong-ae  North Korea  Wandee Kameaim  Thailand | |
|


title: Weng, Bavaria

abstract: Weng is a municipality in the district of Landshut in Bavaria in Germany.

text:
# Weng, Bavaria

**Weng** is a municipality in the district of Landshut in Bavaria in Germany.

## InfoBox

| Weng | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary | |
|  | |
| Location of Weng within Landshut district | |
| Weng Weng | |
| Coordinates: 48°40′N 12°22′E / 48.667°N 12.367°E / 48.667; 12.367 | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Bavaria |
| Admin. region | Niederbayern |
| District | Landshut |
| Municipal assoc. | Wörth a.d.Isar |
| Subdivisions | 2 Ortsteile |
| Government | |
| Mayor (202026) | Robert Kiermeier |
| Area | |
| Total | 15.62 km2 (6.03 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 378 m (1,240 ft) |
| Population (2023-12-31) | |
| Total | 1,492 |
| Density | 96/km2 (250/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal codes | 84187 |
| Dialling codes | 08702 |
| Vehicle registration | LA |
| Website | www.gemeinde-weng.de |


title: West Elk Peak

abstract: West Elk Peak, elevation 13,042 ft (3,975 m), is the highest summit in the West Elk Mountains of Gunnison County, Colorado. The mountain is in the West Elk Wilderness, northwest of Gunnison. The terrain consists mostly of volcanic breccia, known in this area as West Elk Breccia, dated at 35 to 30 million years old. Geological History - The decipherable known geological history of this peak began in the late Paleozoic, where it formed into the eastern edge of the Uncompahgre highland. Around 10,000 to 15,000 feet of sediment covered the old highland surface in the Mesozoic and early Cenozoic. During the Oligocene, the Colorado mineral belt began to form with the intrusion of two batholiths. One of these batholiths rose sufficiently near the surface, enough to feed volcanoes in the West Elk and San Juan Mountains. The resulting volcanic pile has been subjected to intermittent, occasional uplift as well as being shaped by water and ice. Mineral deposits are somewhat scarce in the surrounding area of the peak, but bituminous coal has been mined on the northern and eastern flanks.

text:
# West Elk Peak

**West Elk Peak**, elevation 13,042 ft (3,975 m), is the highest summit in the West Elk Mountains of Gunnison County, Colorado. The mountain is in the West Elk Wilderness, northwest of Gunnison. The terrain consists mostly of volcanic breccia, known in this area as West Elk Breccia, dated at 35 to 30 million years old.

**Geological History** \- The decipherable known geological history of this peak began in the late Paleozoic, where it formed into the eastern edge of the Uncompahgre highland. Around 10,000 to 15,000 feet of sediment covered the old highland surface in the Mesozoic and early Cenozoic. During the Oligocene, the Colorado mineral belt began to form with the intrusion of two batholiths. One of these batholiths rose sufficiently near the surface, enough to feed volcanoes in the West Elk and San Juan Mountains. The resulting volcanic pile has been subjected to intermittent, occasional uplift as well as being shaped by water and ice. Mineral deposits are somewhat scarce in the surrounding area of the peak, but bituminous coal has been mined on the northern and eastern flanks.

## Historical names

* West Elk Mountain
* **West Elk Peak**

## InfoBox

| West Elk Peak | |
| --- | --- |
| West Elk Peak | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 13,042 ft (3,975 m) |
| Prominence | 3,095 ft (943 m) |
| Isolation | 13.78 mi (22.18 km) |
| Listing | Colorado prominent summits
Colorado range high points |
| Coordinates | 38°43′04″N 107°11′58″W / 38.7179°N 107.1994284°W / 38.7179; -107.1994284 |
| Geography | |
| West Elk Peak**Colorado** | |
| Location | Gunnison County, Colorado, U.S. |
| Parent range | Highest summit of the
West Elk Mountains |
| Topo map | USGS 7.5' topographic map
West Elk Peak, Colorado |


title: West Elmira, New York

abstract: West Elmira is a suburban census-designated place (CDP) in Chemung County, New York, United States. The population was 4,967 at the 2010 census. It is adjacent to the city of Elmira on its west side. West Elmira is in the southwest part of the town of Elmira. It is part of the Elmira Metropolitan Statistical Area.

text:
# West Elmira, New York

**West Elmira** is a suburban census-designated place (CDP) in Chemung County, New York, United States. The population was 4,967 at the 2010 census. It is adjacent to the city of Elmira on its west side. West Elmira is in the southwest part of the town of Elmira. It is part of the Elmira Metropolitan Statistical Area.

## Geography

West Elmira is located at 42°4′59″N 76°50′39″W / 42.08306°N 76.84417°W / 42.08306; -76.84417 (42.082974, -76.844046).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 3.2 square miles (8.2 km2), of which 3.1 square miles (7.9 km2) is land and 0.12 square miles (0.3 km2), or 3.69%, is water.

West Elmira is on the north bank of the Chemung River.

New York State Route 352 enters the village from the west as Water Street. East of York Avenue, Water Street carries eastbound traffic while Church Street carries westbound traffic.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2020 | 4,850 |  |  |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |

As of the census of 2000, there were 5,136 people, 2,161 households, and 1,504 families residing in the community. The population density was 1,705.3 inhabitants per square mile (658.4/km2). There were 2,266 housing units at an average density of 752.4 per square mile (290.5/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 95.91% White, 1.83% African American, 0.08% Native American, 1.44% Asian, 0.18% from other races, and 0.56% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.51% of the population.

There were 2,161 households, out of which 29.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.5% were married couples living together, 7.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.4% were non-families. 27.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 2.87.

In the area the population was spread out, with 23.2% under the age of 18, 5.0% from 18 to 24, 23.4% from 25 to 44, 27.9% from 45 to 64, and 20.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.8 males.

The median income for a household in the area was $53,577, and the median income for a family was $66,705. Males had a median income of $40,746 versus $33,929 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $28,376. About 3.6% of families and 5.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.6% of those under age 18 and 0.6% of those age 65 or over.

## InfoBox

| West Elmira, New York | |
| --- | --- |
| Census-designated place | |
| West ElmiraLocation within the state of New York | |
| Coordinates: 42°4′59″N 76°50′39″W / 42.08306°N 76.84417°W / 42.08306; -76.84417 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | New York |
| County | Chemung |
| Town | Elmira |
| Area | |
| Total | 3.15 sq mi (8.17 km2) |
| Land | 3.04 sq mi (7.87 km2) |
| Water | 0.12 sq mi (0.30 km2) |
| Elevation | 886 ft (270 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 4,850 |
| Density | 1,596.45/sq mi (616.34/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| FIPS code | 36-79785 |
| GNIS feature ID | 0969213 |


title: West Elm

abstract: West Elm is a retail store that features contemporary furniture designs and other housewares. It is a wholly owned subsidiary of Williams-Sonoma, Inc. There are currently stores in the United States, Canada, Mexico, Australia, United Kingdom, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates and the India. Customers are able to shop in-store, online, or through a catalog by telephone. The larger products such as sofas and beds are only displayed in stores for customers to see and feel in-person, likening West Elm to a pure catalog/online retail company.

text:
# West Elm

**West Elm** (stylized as **west elm**) is a retail store that features contemporary furniture designs and other housewares. It is a wholly owned subsidiary of Williams-Sonoma, Inc. There are currently stores in the United States, Canada, Mexico, Australia, United Kingdom, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates and the India. Customers are able to shop in-store, online, or through a catalog by telephone. The larger products such as sofas and beds are only displayed in stores for customers to see and feel in-person, likening West Elm to a pure catalog/online retail company.

## History

West Elm was founded in April 2002 with the launch of a catalog, with the concept of "great design at affordable price points". followed by the first store in the Dumbo district of Brooklyn, New York later that year.

The first West Elm stores outside the United States were opened in Canada. The Toronto King Liberty store opened in October 2008, Vancouver on the South Granville strip in September 2012, and Montreal at 995 Rue Wellington in June 2013, Calgary’s Mount Royal Village shopping centre Summer 2015.

In Mexico, El Puerto de Liverpool retail group operates the West Elm stores there, which number 10 as of January 2024.

In 2010, Jim Brett began as president and sought to "humanize" the products which he characterized as machine made and "soulless" to be more creative.

A growing concern was sustainability, such that by 2020 60% of the products were supporting one of the company's sustainability initiatives.

During 2019-20 West Elm was Williams-Sonoma's fastest growing brand.

## InfoBox

West Elm, Inc.
|
|  |
| Company type | Subsidiary |
| Industry | Consumer Retail |
| Founded | 2002 (2002)
Brooklyn, New York, U.S. |
| Key people | Chuck Williams, Founder
Dale W. Hilpert, Founder
Laura Alber, CEO |
| Products | Kitchenwares, Housewares, Office Furniture, Home Furnishings, Linens, Upholstery |
| Parent | Williams-Sonoma |
| Website | westelm.com |