title: 1983 Navarrese regional election

abstract: The 1983 Navarrese regional election was held on Sunday, 8 May 1983, to elect the 1st Parliament of the Chartered Community of Navarre. All 50 seats in the Parliament were up for election. The election was held simultaneously with regional elections in twelve other autonomous communities and local elections all throughout Spain. The election resulted in a deadlocked situation: the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) became the largest political force with 20 seats but fell short of an absolute majority, whereas the conservative Navarrese People's Union (UPN) and the People's Coalition—an electoral conglomerate of the People's Alliance (AP), the People's Democratic Party (PDP) and the Liberal Union (UL)—soon announced a political agreement to join their 13 and 8 seats to form the government at the regional level and in the local city councils. The Basque Nationalist Party (PNV) was left holding the balance of power with its 3 seats, as Herri Batasuna (HB) followed a policy of abstentionism. The former ruling party of Spain, the Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD), had chosen to dissolve itself in February 1983 and did not contest the election as a result. A constitutional conflict erupted in August 1983 as a result of the PSOE and UPN clashing over the law's interpretation as to whom should be proposed as candidate, aggravated after the Parliament's speaker attempted to propose UPN's José Ángel Zubiaur instead of PSOE candidate Gabriel Urralburu for the post. The Spanish Constitutional Court intervened to end the political deadlock ruling in PSOE's favour, and after talks for a prospective government supported by UPN, CP and PNV failed, Gabriel Urralburu was automatically elected as new Navarrese premier in April 1984 and his government sworn in on 4 May, putting an end to one of the most severe political crises in Navarre history.

text:
# 1983 Navarrese regional election

The **1983 Navarrese regional election** was held on Sunday, 8 May 1983, to elect the 1st Parliament of the Chartered Community of Navarre. All 50 seats in the Parliament were up for election. The election was held simultaneously with regional elections in twelve other autonomous communities and local elections all throughout Spain.

The election resulted in a deadlocked situation: the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) became the largest political force with 20 seats but fell short of an absolute majority, whereas the conservative Navarrese People's Union (UPN) and the People's Coalition—an electoral conglomerate of the People's Alliance (AP), the People's Democratic Party (PDP) and the Liberal Union (UL)—soon announced a political agreement to join their 13 and 8 seats to form the government at the regional level and in the local city councils. The Basque Nationalist Party (PNV) was left holding the balance of power with its 3 seats, as Herri Batasuna (HB) followed a policy of abstentionism. The former ruling party of Spain, the Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD), had chosen to dissolve itself in February 1983 and did not contest the election as a result.

A constitutional conflict erupted in August 1983 as a result of the PSOE and UPN clashing over the law's interpretation as to whom should be proposed as candidate, aggravated after the Parliament's speaker attempted to propose UPN's José Ángel Zubiaur instead of PSOE candidate Gabriel Urralburu for the post. The Spanish Constitutional Court intervened to end the political deadlock ruling in PSOE's favour, and after talks for a prospective government supported by UPN, CP and PNV failed, Gabriel Urralburu was automatically elected as new Navarrese premier in April 1984 and his government sworn in on 4 May, putting an end to one of the most severe political crises in Navarre history.

## Overview

### Electoral system

The Parliament of Navarre was the devolved, unicameral legislature of the Chartered Community of Navarre, having legislative power in regional matters as defined by the Spanish Constitution and the Reintegration and Enhancement of the Foral Regime of Navarre Law, as well as the ability to vote confidence in or withdraw it from a regional president. Voting was on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprised all nationals over 18 years of age, registered in Navarre and in full enjoyment of their political rights.

The 50 members of the Parliament of Navarre were elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with a threshold of five percent of valid votes—which included blank ballots—being applied regionally.

The electoral law provided that parties, federations, coalitions and groupings of electors were allowed to present lists of candidates. However, groupings of electors were required to secure the signature of at least 0.1 percent of the electors registered in the constituency for which they sought election—needing to secure, in any case, the signature of 500 electors—. Electors were barred from signing for more than one list of candidates. Concurrently, parties and federations intending to enter in coalition to take part jointly at an election were required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within fifteen days of the election being called.

### Election date

The Foral Deputation of Navarre, in agreement with the Government of Spain, was required to call an election to the Parliament of Navarre within from 1 February to 31 May 1983. In the event of an investiture process failing to elect a regional president within a two-month period from the first ballot, the candidate from the party with the highest number of seats was to be deemed automatically elected.

## Opinion polls

The tables below list opinion polling results in reverse chronological order, showing the most recent first and using the dates when the survey fieldwork was done, as opposed to the date of publication. Where the fieldwork dates are unknown, the date of publication is given instead. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed with its background shaded in the leading party's colour. If a tie ensues, this is applied to the figures with the highest percentages. The "Lead" column on the right shows the percentage-point difference between the parties with the highest percentages in a poll.

### Voting preferences

The table below lists raw, unweighted voting preferences.

## Results

Summary of the 8 May 1983 Parliament of Navarre election results
|  | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Parties and alliances | | Popular vote | | | Seats | |
| | Votes | % | ±pp | Total | +/− |
|  | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) | 94,737 | 35.63 | +16.69 | **20** | +5 |
|  | Navarrese People's Union (UPN) | 62,072 | 23.34 | +7.35 | **13** | ±0 |
|  | People's Coalition (APPDPUL) | 37,554 | 14.12 | *New* | **8** | +8 |
|  | Popular Unity (HB) | 28,055 | 10.55 | –0.53 | **6** | –3 |
|  | Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV)1 | 18,161 | 6.83 | +1.79 | **3** | ±0 |
|  | | | | | | |
|  | Neighborhood Labor (Auzolan)2 | 8,356 | 3.14 | +0.44 | 0 | ±0 |
|  | Carlist Party (PC) | 6,733 | 2.53 | –2.24 | 0 | –1 |
|  | Basque Country Left (EE) | 6,292 | 2.37 | *New* | 0 | ±0 |
|  | Communist Party of the Basque Country (PCE/EPK) | 1,712 | 0.64 | –1.80 | 0 | ±0 |
|  | Communist League (LC) | 409 | 0.15 | *New* | 0 | ±0 |
|  | Union of the Democratic Centre (UCD) | *n/a* | *n/a* | –26.69 | 0 | –20 |
|  | Electoral Groups of Merindad (Amaiur) | *n/a* | *n/a* | –6.78 | 0 | –7 |
|  | Navarrese Left Union (UNAI) | *n/a* | *n/a* | –2.91 | 0 | –1 |
|  | Navarrese Foral Independents (IFN) | *n/a* | *n/a* | –1.46 | 0 | –1 |
| Blank ballots | | 1,826 | 0.69 | +0.28 |  | |
|  | | | | | | |
| Total | | 265,907 |  | | 50 | –20 |
|  | | | | | | |
| Valid votes | | 265,907 | 98.83 | +0.15 |  | |
| Invalid votes | | 3,135 | 1.17 | –0.15 | |
| Votes cast / turnout | | 269,042 | 70.86 | +0.10 | |
| Abstentions | | 110,650 | 29.14 | –0.10 | |
| Registered voters | | 379,692 |  | | |
|  | | | | | | |
| Sources | | | | | | |
| **Footnotes:** | | | | | | |

| Popular vote   PSOE  35.63%  UPN  23.34%  AP–PDP–UL  14.12%  HB  10.55%  EAJ/PNV  6.83%  Auzolan  3.14%  PC  2.53%  EE  2.37%  Others  0.80%  Blank ballots  0.69% |
| --- |

| Seats   PSOE  40.00%  UPN  26.00%  AP–PDP–UL  16.00%  HB  12.00%  EAJ/PNV  6.00% |
| --- |

## Aftermath

Investiture processes to elect the President of the Government of Navarre required for an absolute majority—more than half the votes cast—to be obtained in the first ballot. If unsuccessful, a new ballot would be held 48 hours later under the same majority requirement, with successive votes requiring only of a simple majority—more affirmative than negative votes—to succeed. If the proposed candidate was not elected, successive proposals were to be transacted under the same procedure. In the event of the investiture process failing to elect a regional president within a two-month period from the first ballot, the candidate from the party with the highest number of seats was deemed to be automatically elected.

After the regional election, UPN and the People's Coalition formed an alliance to take the post of speaker of the regional Parliament away from the PSOE, electing UPN's Balbino Bados for the post. This allowed both parties to take control of the investiture process and nominate José Ángel Zubiaur as candidate for investiture.

| **Investiture**
José Ángel Zubiaur (UPN) | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Ballot → | | 21 June 1983 | 23 June 1983 | 25 June 1983 | 27 June 1983 |
| Required majority → | | 26 out of 50 | 26 out of 50 | Simple | Simple |
|  | Yes | 21 / 50 | 21 / 50 | 21 / 50 | 21 / 50 |
|  | No | 23 / 50 | 23 / 50 | 23 / 50 | 23 / 50 |
|  | Abstentions | 0 / 50 | 0 / 50 | 0 / 50 | 0 / 50 |
|  | Absentees * HB (6) | 6 / 50 | 6 / 50 | 6 / 50 | 6 / 50 |
| Sources | | | | | |

The attempts to form a Zubiaur-led right-wing government were voted down by both PSOE and PNV, which unsuccessfully held exploratory talks to test an agreement to unlock the situation. After the failure of negotiations, PSOE candidate Gabriel Urralburu had hoped to automatically become new regional president on 21 August 1983 under statutory provisions as the candidate from the party with the highest number of seats, but a clash between PSOE and UPN—whose leader Balbino Ados held the presidency of the regional parliament, the office tasked with nominating a prospective president—over the law's interpretation as to whom should be proposed as candidate resulted in a constitutional conflict. The PSOE's stance was that the legal provision from Section 29.3 of the Enhancement Law required the automatic election of the candidate from the largest party in parliament—meaning that Gabriel Urralburu was to become the new Navarrese president—whereas UPN argued that the pre-requisite condition of "candidate" was only obtained by having contested an investiture process, a criterion which up until that point only José Ángel Zubiaur had met.

On 25 August, and against the advice from the Parliament's legal services, Bados attempted to have Zubiaur nominated as new president pending the King's confirmation, a decision which was heavily criticized by all parties but UPN and AP, and which was summarily aborted by the Government of Spain and the regional PSOE bringing the issue to the Constitutional Court. This situation forced incumbent president Juan Manuel Arza to remain in the post in a caretaker capacity until the Court ruled on the issue, in a situation of political and administrative deadlock as the region relied on a prorogued 1982 budget, resigning government members could not be replaced, and legislative and cooperation projects stagnated. This was further aggravated in January 1984 after the Constitutional Court declared as null and void the dismissal in 1980 of previous president Jaime Ignacio del Burgo, reinstating him to the post until the election of the new regional premier.

In February 1984, the Constitutional Court ruled that the investiture process was to be returned to the moment after Zubiaur's fourth failed voting and that a new candidate had to be proposed for a new round of votings, with the mandate to the regional Parliament to designate "the candidate of the political party that has the largest number of seats and that had been proposed as such to the president of Parliament by that party" in the event of no successful investiture. Urralburu was proposed as new candidate for investiture as both PSOE and UPN sought to obtain PNV's support.

| **Investiture**
Gabriel Urralburu (PSOE) | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Ballot → | | 2 March 1984 | 4 March 1984 | 6 March 1984 | 8 March 1984 |
| Required majority → | | 26 out of 50 | 26 out of 50 | Simple | Simple |
|  | Yes | 20 / 50 | 20 / 50 | 20 / 50 | 20 / 50 |
|  | No | 24 / 50 | 24 / 50 | 24 / 50 | 24 / 50 |
|  | Abstentions | 0 / 50 | 0 / 50 | 0 / 50 | 0 / 50 |
|  | Absentees * HB (6) | 6 / 50 | 6 / 50 | 6 / 50 | 6 / 50 |
| Sources | | | | | |

Urralburu failed in his attempts to obtain the confidence of parliament, as UPN, CP and PNV started talks to form a coalition government and avoid Urralburu's automatic election in April. On 13 March 1984, Balbino Ados proposed UPN's Juan Cruz Alli for investiture, with a parliamentary session initially scheduled for 22 March, but this attempt was averted as a result of the breakup of negotiations with the PNV, which was internally divided over the support or facilitation-through-abstention of a right-wing government in Navarre as favoured by the party's leadership but not by their local Navarrese branch. José Luis Monge was proposed by AP as a last-ditch attempt to hold an investiture session and prevent Urralburu's election.

| **Investiture**
José Luis Monge (AP) | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Ballot → | | 8 April 1984 | 10 April 1984 | 12 April 1984 | 14 April 1984 |
| Required majority → | | 26 out of 50 | 26 out of 50 | Simple | Simple |
|  | Yes | 21 / 50 | 21 / 50 | 21 / 50 | 21 / 50 |
|  | No * PSOE (20) (19 until 10 Apr) * PNV (3) | 22 / 50 | 22 / 50 | 23 / 50 | 23 / 50 |
|  | Abstentions | 0 / 50 | 0 / 50 | 0 / 50 | 0 / 50 |
|  | Absentees * HB (6) * PSOE (1) (until 10 Apr) | 7 / 50 | 7 / 50 | 6 / 50 | 6 / 50 |
| Sources | | | | | |

With Monge's defeat, Urralburu was set to be proclaimed new Navarrese president on 17 April, allowing the formation of a new government and ending the political deadlock that had resulted from the 1983 regional election.

Opinion poll sources  1. "Preelectoral municipales y autonómicas 1983 (VII). Navarra (Estudio nº 1352. Abril 1983)" (PDF). *CIS* (in Spanish). 11 April 1983.
Other  1. "La crisis de UCD culmina con la decisión de disolverse como partido político". *El País* (in Spanish). 19 February 1983. Retrieved 13 December 2019.
2. "Los socialistas deberán pactar en cinco comunidades atonómas para gobernar". *El País* (in Spanish). 10 May 1983. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
3. "Los socialistas descartan todo pacto poselectoral con AP-PDP-UL". *El País* (in Spanish). 14 May 1983. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
4. "Alianza Popular". *El País* (in Spanish). 18 May 1983. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
5. "La situación, política de Navarra no tiene salida, salvo en el ámbito de la negociación". *El País* (in Spanish). 29 May 1983. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
6. "El PSOE de Navarra propone al PNV un acuerdo para gobernar la comunidad". *El País* (in Spanish). 17 June 1983. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
7. "Los votos del PNV, decisivos para elegir al presidente de Navarra". *El País* (in Spanish). 20 June 1983. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
8. "La crisis de UCD culmina con la decisión de disolverse como partido político". *El País* (in Spanish). 19 February 1983. Retrieved 13 December 2019.
9. "Polémica PSOE-UPN sobre quién debe ser designado presidente del Gobierno navarro". *El País* (in Spanish). 21 August 1983. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
10. "El presidente del Parlamento navarro esperará varios días antes de proponer presidente regional". *El País* (in Spanish). 24 August 1983. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
11. "Pactos y desafueros en Navarra". *El País* (in Spanish). 30 August 1983. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
12. "El Tribunal Constitucional da la razón al PSOE sobre la presidencia del Gobierno navarro". *El País* (in Spanish). 7 February 1984. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
13. "Fracaso de las negociaciones para lograr un Gobierno de coalición en Navarra". *El País* (in Spanish). 23 March 1984. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
14. "Urralburu, propuesto formalmente al Rey como presidente del Gobierno de Navarra". *El País* (in Spanish). 18 April 1984. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
15. "Urralburu incorpora al Gobierno navarro a cuatro no afiliados al PSOE". *El País* (in Spanish). 27 April 1984. Retrieved 12 December 2019.
16. Ley Orgánica 13/1982, de 10 de agosto, de reintegración y amejoramiento del Régimen Foral de Navarra. *Boletín Oficial del Estado* (Organic Law 13) (in Spanish). 10 August 1982. Retrieved 18 June 2017.
17. Real Decreto-ley 20/1977, de 18 de marzo, sobre Normas Electorales (Royal Decree-Law 20) (in Spanish). 18 March 1977. Retrieved 14 December 2019.
18. "I Legislature (1983-1987)". *parlamentodenavarra.es* (in Spanish). Parliament of Navarre. Retrieved 29 September 2017.
19. "Elecciones al Parlamento de Navarra (Nafarroako Parlamentua) (1979 - 2019)". *Historia Electoral.com* (in Spanish). Retrieved 29 September 2017.
20. "UPN obtiene la presidencia del Parlamento navarro con el apoyo de la Coalición Popular". *El País* (in Spanish). 9 June 1983. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
21. "El candidato a presidente del Gobierno navarro tiene del posibilidades de elección". *El País* (in Spanish). 21 June 1983. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
22. "El candidato de UPN no superó la primera votación para presidente de Navarra". *El País* (in Spanish). 22 June 1983. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
23. "El PNV y el PSOE reiteran su oposición al candidato de UPN a la presidencia de Navarra". *El País* (in Spanish). 27 June 1983. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
24. "Los socialistas negociarán con el PNV la formación del Gobierno de Navarra". *El País* (in Spanish). 28 June 1983. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
25. "El Gobierno de Navarra no tendrá presidente hasta finales de agosto". *El País* (in Spanish). 3 July 1983. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
26. "Los servicios jurídicos del Parlamento foral propusieron al candidato socialista". *El País* (in Spanish). 17 September 1983. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
27. "El presidente del Parlamento navarro propone como jefe del Gobierno foral al candidato minoritario, de UPN". *El País* (in Spanish). 26 August 1983. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
28. "Sólo Coalición Popular apoya al candidato de UPN para presidir el Gobierno foral navarro". *El País* (in Spanish). 27 August 1983. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
29. "Bados justifica su propuesta de Zubiaur para presidente del Gobierno navarro". *El País* (in Spanish). 29 August 1983. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
30. "El Gobierno recurrirá contra la propuesta de Zubiaur como presidente de Navarra". *El País* (in Spanish). 1 September 1983. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
31. "El PSOE de Navarra recurre al Tribunal Constitucional contra la propuesta de Zubiaur". *El País* (in Spanish). 5 September 1983. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
32. "Admitido a trámite el recurso contra la designación de Zubiaur como presidente de Navarra". *El País* (in Spanish). 16 September 1983. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
33. "Los grupos parlamentarios expresan su apoyo al actual presidente de la Diputación". *El País* (in Spanish). 4 September 1983. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
34. "Se agrava la paralización de la autonomía navarra". *El País* (in Spanish). 9 September 1983. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
35. "Navarra vive, sin Gobierno y sin presupuestos, en grave parálisis administrativa". *El País* (in Spanish). 19 September 1983. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
36. "Los cuatro diputados forales de Navarra, decididos a impulsar la autonomía". *El País* (in Spanish). 25 September 1983. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
37. "La crisis navarra paraliza varios planes de cooperación regional". *El País* (in Spanish). 7 October 1983. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
38. "Jaime Ignacio del Burgo, repuesto en la presidencia de la Diputación navarra". *El País* (in Spanish). 15 January 1984. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
39. "El 'caso FASA'". *El País* (in Spanish). 15 January 1984. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
40. "La parálisis y confusión del Gobierno foral se agrava con la vuelta de Del Burgo a la presidencia de la Diputación". *El País* (in Spanish). 17 January 1984. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
41. "Del Burgo afirma que la sentencia del Tribunal Constitucional no resolverá la crisis política". *El País* (in Spanish). 22 January 1984. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
42. "Unión del Pueblo Navarro compara al Tribunal Constitucional con el TOP del régimen anterior". *El País* (in Spanish). 9 February 1984. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
43. "Pleno. Sentencia 16/1984, de 06 de febrero de 1984 (BOE núm. 59, de 08 de marzo de 1984)" (PDF). *BOE*. 9 March 1984. Retrieved 13 August 2019.
44. "El PNV está dispuesto a formar parte de un Gobierno de coalición en Navarra". *El País* (in Spanish). 11 February 1984. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
45. "Del Burgo ofrece apoyo al PNV en Euskadi si facilita un Gobierno conservador navarro". *El País* (in Spanish). 28 February 1984. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
46. "El candidato socialista Gabriel Urralburu presentó al Parlamento navarro su programa de gobierno". *El País* (in Spanish). 2 March 1984. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
47. "Urralburu no alcanzó la mayoría para ser elegido presidente del Gobierno de Navarra". *El País* (in Spanish). 3 March 1984. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
48. "Urralburu no consiguió en segunda votación la presidencia del Gobierno de Navarra". *El País* (in Spanish). 5 March 1984. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
49. "Gabriel Urralburu". *El País* (in Spanish). 9 March 1984. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
50. "La negativa de Jaime Ignacio del Burgo dificulta un Gobierno de coalición en Navarra". *El País* (in Spanish). 20 February 1984. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
51. "PNV, UPN y Coalición Popular inician conversaciones para formar un Gobierno de coalición en Navarra". *El País* (in Spanish). 8 March 1984. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
52. "Nuevo candidato en Navarra". *El País* (in Spanish). 12 March 1984. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
53. "Aspirante a presidente navarro". *El País* (in Spanish). 14 March 1984. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
54. "Urralburu será en abril el nuevo presidente de Navarra, al fracasar un acuerdo de la derecha". *El País* (in Spanish). 26 March 1984. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
55. "El PNV descarta abstenerse en la elección del presidente de Navarra". *El País* (in Spanish). 30 March 1984. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
56. "Renacen las tensiones en el Partido Nacionalista Vasco a causa de la política de alianzas en Euskadi y Navarra". *El País* (in Spanish). 2 April 1984. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
57. "El PNV de Navarra rechaza órdenes de su partido para dar la Diputación Foral a la derecha". *El País* (in Spanish). 4 April 1984. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
58. "Escasas posibilidades para el candidato de Coalición Popular a la presidencia navarra". *El País* (in Spanish). 5 April 1984. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
59. "El PNV abrirá expedientes de sanción a los dirigentes navarros que se nieguen a abstenerse en la elección de su presidente foral". *El País* (in Spanish). 8 April 1984. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
60. "Indiferencia en el Parlamento navarro tras el discurso del candidato Monge". *El País* (in Spanish). 8 April 1984. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
61. "La dirección del PNV navarro reclama comprensión para su rechazo a la Coalición Popular". *El País* (in Spanish). 10 April 1984. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
62. "El candidato de la Coalición Popular no superó la votación para la presidencia de Navarra". *El País* (in Spanish). 9 April 1984. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
63. "Monge, derrotado de nuevo". *El País* (in Spanish). 11 April 1984. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
64. "Navarra y el PNV". *El País* (in Spanish). 10 April 1984. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
65. "Gabriel Urralburu, candidato socialista, será propuesto el martes al Rey como presidente del Gobierno de Navarra". *El País* (in Spanish). 15 April 1984. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
66. "Gabriel Urralburu no descarta un pacto PSOE-PNV para gobernar en Navarra". *El País* (in Spanish). 24 April 1984. Retrieved 11 December 2019.

## InfoBox

1983 Navarrese regional election
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| ---  All 50 seats in the Parliament of Navarre
26 seats needed for a majority | |
| Opinion polls | |
| Registered | 379,692 4.0% |
| Turnout | 269,042 (70.9%)
0.1 pp |
| First party Second party Third party   Leader Gabriel Urralburu Balbino Bados José Luis Monge  Party PSOE UPN AP–PDP–UL  Leader since 15 June 1982 1983 1983  Last election 15 seats, 18.9% 13 seats, 16.0% *Did not contest*  Seats won 20 13 8  Seat change 5 0 8  Popular vote 94,737 62,072 37,554  Percentage 35.6% 23.3% 14.1%  Swing 16.7 pp 7.3 pp *New party*   ---  Fourth party Fifth party   Leader Iñaki Aldekoa Iñaki Cabasés  Party HB EAJ/PNV  Leader since 1983 1983  Last election 9 seats, 11.1% 3 seats, 5.0%  Seats won 6 3  Seat change 3 0  Popular vote 28,055 18,161  Percentage 10.6% 6.8%  Swing 0.5 pp 1.8 pp | |
| ---  **President before election**
Juan Manuel Arza
Independent (ex-UCD) **Elected President**
Gabriel Urralburu
PSOE | |


title: Tilt (Finnish TV series)

abstract: Tilt is a Finnish video gaming programme aired primarily on MTV3. It started out in 1997 on MTV3 and was also seen on Sub, Jim, Fox and briefly on Nelonen. Currently the programme is aired on Kutonen. Tilt.tv was originally hosted by Jaana Pelkonen, who more recently hosted the Eurovision Song Contest 2007 in Helsinki together with Mikko Leppilampi. After Pelkonen the host was Anna-Maija Jalkanen from 2005 to the spring of 2007 after Jalkanen the host was Kristiina Wheeler from 2007 to 2008, and after Wheeler the host was Anni Uusivirta from 2011 to 2013. The current host is Martina Kuitto. Simo Kurki hosted alongside Kuitto from 2013 to 2015. The show has had continuing success and has been exported to Poland and other countries. At times the show has gathered mixed feelings amongst gaming fans and there have been grumblings about the program being biased and having hosts that generally have no gaming background. On the other hand the current host Wheeler has been working in game retail, in addition to being a musician. Tilt.tv regardless remains Finland's only steadily running gaming show, especially after the collapse of MoonTV. Tilt.tv has been running continuously for over 20 years, which sets it to compete for the title of the longest running gaming TV show in the world. The magazine Tilt-lehti also had a brief run. It was aimed for a more mature audience than the TV program, but in the end it did not manage to find its core audience. The magazine was cancelled after one year, after failing to compete with bigger and better known Finnish gaming magazines such as Pelit and Pelaaja. Tilt.tv website provides a review archive, streaming version of the TV program episodes dating back several years, browser games, forum, blogs and a real-time chat.

text:
# Tilt (Finnish TV series)

***Tilt*** (previously known as *Tilt.tv*) is a Finnish video gaming programme aired primarily on MTV3. It started out in 1997 on MTV3 and was also seen on Sub, Jim, Fox and briefly on Nelonen. Currently the programme is aired on Kutonen. *Tilt.tv* was originally hosted by Jaana Pelkonen, who more recently hosted the Eurovision Song Contest 2007 in Helsinki together with Mikko Leppilampi. After Pelkonen the host was Anna-Maija Jalkanen from 2005 to the spring of 2007 after Jalkanen the host was Kristiina Wheeler from 2007 to 2008, and after Wheeler the host was Anni Uusivirta from 2011 to 2013. The current host is Martina Kuitto. Simo Kurki hosted alongside Kuitto from 2013 to 2015. The show has had continuing success and has been exported to Poland and other countries.

At times the show has gathered mixed feelings amongst gaming fans and there have been grumblings about the program being biased (*Tilt.tv* has at various times been sponsored by both Sony, Nintendo and Electronic Arts; currently it is sponsored by EA) and having hosts that generally have no gaming background. On the other hand the current host Wheeler has been working in game retail, in addition to being a musician. *Tilt.tv* regardless remains Finland's only steadily running gaming show, especially after the collapse of MoonTV. *Tilt.tv* has been running continuously for over 20 years, which sets it to compete for the title of the longest running gaming TV show in the world.

The magazine *Tilt-lehti* also had a brief run. It was aimed for a more mature audience than the TV program, but in the end it did not manage to find its core audience. The magazine was cancelled after one year, after failing to compete with bigger and better known Finnish gaming magazines such as *Pelit* and *Pelaaja*. *Tilt.tv* website provides a review archive, streaming version of the TV program episodes dating back several years, browser games, forum, blogs and a real-time chat.

## InfoBox

| *Tilt* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Genre | Video gaming |
| Presented by | Jaana Pelkonen (1997–2005)
Anna-Maija Jalkanen (2005–2007)
Kristiina Wheeler (2007–2008)
Anni Uusivirta (2011–2013)
Martina Kuitto (2013–present)
Simo Kurki (2013–2016) |
| Country of origin | Finland |
| Original language | Finnish |
| Original release | |
| Network | MTV3
Sub
Jim
Fox
Kutonen |


title: Ozarba aeria

abstract: Ozarba aeria, the aerial brown moth, is an owlet moth. The species was first described by Augustus Radcliffe Grote in 1881. It is found in Central and North America. The MONA or Hodges number for Ozarba aeria is 9030.

text:
# Ozarba aeria

***Ozarba aeria***, the **aerial brown moth**, is an owlet moth (family Noctuidae). The species was first described by Augustus Radcliffe Grote in 1881. It is found in Central and North America.

The MONA or Hodges number for *Ozarba aeria* is 9030.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| *Ozarba aeria* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Noctuidae |
| Genus: | *Ozarba* |
| Species: | ***O. aeria*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Ozarba aeria***<br>(Grote, 1881) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Ozarba fannia*  (H. Druce, 1889) | |


title: North Fork Feather River

abstract: The North Fork Feather River is a watercourse of the northern Sierra Nevada and southern Cascades in the U.S. state of California. It flows generally southwards from its headwaters near Lassen Peak to Lake Oroville, a reservoir formed by Oroville Dam in the foothills of the Sierra, where it runs into the Feather River. The river drains about 2,100 square miles (5,400 km⁲) of the western slope of the Sierras. By discharge, it is the largest tributary of the Feather. It rises at the confluence of Rice Creek and a smaller unnamed stream in the southern part of the Lassen Volcanic National Park. The river flows east, receiving Warner Creek from the left, and passes the town of Chester. It then empties into Lake Almanor, which is formed by the Canyon Dam. After leaving the dam the river cuts south into a gorge, and turns southwest to receive Butt Creek from the right. The East Branch North Fork Feather River, the North Fork's largest tributary, comes in next to Caribou Rd. It then flows southwards, through several hydroelectric dams, into the north arm of Lake Oroville. The fork's portion of the Feather River Canyon is notable as part of the Feather River Route, and the railroad's North Fork Bridge near the river's mouth is the longest reinforced concrete bridge in the US. The North Fork is heavily developed for hydroelectricity generation and is impounded by five dams, as part of three hydroelectric projects – the Upper North Fork Feather River Project, the Rock Creek-Cresta Hydroelectric Project and the Poe Hydroelectric Project. The system is so extensive that it has been dubbed the "Stairway of Power". The Feather River Canyon is well known for high winds. The "Jarbo Winds", named for nearby Jarbo Gap, often blow down the canyon from the northeast. These katabatic winds are caused by high-pressure air over the Great Basin seeking a path through the Sierra Nevada to the low-pressure voids on the California coast. The 2018 Camp Fire, the deadliest wildfire in California's history, was driven into Paradise by these winds. Meteorological records show 36 days since 2003 with gusts of 100 mph or more, up to 200 mph.

text:
# North Fork Feather River

The **North Fork Feather River** is a watercourse of the northern Sierra Nevada and southern Cascades in the U.S. state of California. It flows generally southwards from its headwaters near Lassen Peak to Lake Oroville, a reservoir formed by Oroville Dam in the foothills of the Sierra, where it runs into the Feather River. The river drains about 2,100 square miles (5,400 km2) of the western slope of the Sierras. By discharge, it is the largest tributary of the Feather.

It rises at the confluence of Rice Creek and a smaller unnamed stream in the southern part of the Lassen Volcanic National Park. The river flows east, receiving Warner Creek from the left, and passes the town of Chester. It then empties into Lake Almanor, which is formed by the Canyon Dam. After leaving the dam the river cuts south into a gorge, and turns southwest to receive Butt Creek from the right. The East Branch North Fork Feather River, the North Fork's largest tributary, comes in next to Caribou Rd (40°00'49.9"N 121°13'32.4"W). It then flows southwards, through several hydroelectric dams, into the north arm of Lake Oroville.

The fork's portion of the Feather River Canyon is notable as part of the Feather River Route, and the railroad's North Fork Bridge near the river's mouth is the longest reinforced concrete bridge in the US.

The North Fork is heavily developed for hydroelectricity generation and is impounded by five dams, as part of three hydroelectric projects – the Upper North Fork Feather River Project, the Rock Creek-Cresta Hydroelectric Project and the Poe Hydroelectric Project. The system is so extensive that it has been dubbed the "Stairway of Power".

The Feather River Canyon is well known for high winds. The "Jarbo Winds", named for nearby Jarbo Gap, often blow down the canyon from the northeast. These katabatic winds are caused by high-pressure air over the Great Basin seeking a path through the Sierra Nevada to the low-pressure voids on the California coast. The 2018 Camp Fire, the deadliest wildfire in California's history, was driven into Paradise by these winds. Meteorological records show 36 days since 2003 with gusts of 100 mph or more, up to 200 mph.

## Watershed

The North Fork Feather Watershed (USGS Huc 18020121) extends from the North Fork headwaters south-southwest to the Lower Feather Watershed. The headwaters are in the Shasta Cascades and the northern Sierras along the Pit River and Eagle-Honey watersheds. The drainage divide for the headwaters begins in Shasta County at the Lassen Peak quadruple watershed point of East Sulpher Creek (Mill-Big Chico), Manzanita Creek (Upper Cow-Battle watershed), Lost Creek (Lower Pit River), and Kings Creek (North Fork Feather). The headwater divide extends in an arc east to Lassen County, then to the Great Basin Divide triple point of the Feather, Pit, and Susan Rivers. The divide arcs southeast to Pegleg Mountain and along 13 mi (21 km) of the Sierra Crest to the triple point with the East Branch North Fork Feather River on the east slope of Indicator Peak (40°00′43″N 120°11′15″W / 40.012069°N 120.187554°W / 40.012069; -120.187554).

Downstream of Shasta and Lassen counties, the majority of the North Fork Feather Watershed area is in Plumas County. The west divide of the watershed is along the Mill-Big Chico Watershed, southward to the West Branch Feather River triple point. The southeast divide of the North Fork Feather Watershed is the watershed of the East Branch to the triple point with the Middle Fork Feather River. The lowest elevations of the North Fork Feather Watershed are in Butte County, with the emergency weir crest at 901 ft (275 m) and, at average storage capacity, the Lake Oroville level of 812 ft (247 m) .

## InfoBox

| North Fork Feather River | |
| --- | --- |
| Freight train crossing the North Fork, 2017 | |
| Map of the Feather River drainage basin. The North Fork flows from Lassen Peak southward to Lake Oroville. | |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| State | California |
| Region | North Fork Feather Watershed
1,090 sq mi (2,800 km2), including the
West Fork but not East Branch Watershed |
| Physical characteristics | |
|  | |
| Source confluence | Rice Creek (Feather River) & South Arm Rice Creek |
| location | Feather River Meadows |
|  | |
| Mouth | Lake Oroville, North ArmA |
| Length | 70 mi (110 km) |
| Basin size | 2,100 sq mi (5,400 km2) |
|  | |
| Discharge |  |
| location | mouth at north arm, Lake Oroville; max and min at Pulga |
| average | 2,930 cu ft/s (83 m3/s) |
| minimum | 5.4 cu ft/s (0.15 m3/s) |
| maximum | 105,400 cu ft/s (2,980 m3/s) |
|  | |


title: Oronde Gadsden

abstract: Oronde Benjamin Gadsden is an American former professional football wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL) for the Dallas Cowboys and Miami Dolphins. He also was a member of the Frankfurt Galaxy of the World League of American Football (WLAF) and the Portland Forest Dragons of the Arena Football League (AFL). He played college football at Winston-Salem State University.

text:
# Oronde Gadsden

**Oronde Benjamin Gadsden** (pronounced o-RON-day) (born August 20, 1971) is an American former professional football wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL) for the Dallas Cowboys and Miami Dolphins. He also was a member of the Frankfurt Galaxy of the World League of American Football (WLAF) and the Portland Forest Dragons of the Arena Football League (AFL). He played college football at Winston-Salem State University.

## Early life

Gadsden attended Burke High School, where he practiced basketball and football. He accepted a basketball scholarship from Winston-Salem State University. Although he spent his first year as a basketball player, he decided to concentrate on football as a sophomore, posting 31 receptions for 810 yards (26.1-yard average) and 13 touchdowns.

As a junior, he had 31 receptions for 836 yards (27-yard average) and 14 touchdowns. In his last year of eligibility, he had 56 receptions, led the Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association with a 19.8-yard average per reception and ranked second in yards per game (101), total receiving yards (1,111 yards) and touchdowns (16).

After playing three seasons of football, he finished his college career with 118 receptions for 2,757 yards (23.4 yards per catch) and 42 touchdowns (second in school history).

In 2006, he was inducted into the Winston-Salem State University Athletic Hall of Fame.

## Professional career

### Dallas Cowboys

After not being selected in the 1995 NFL draft because of his small school background and his lack of speed, he was signed as an undrafted free agent by the Dallas Cowboys. On August 22, he was waived and signed to the team's practice squad on August 30. Gadsden credits hall of famer Michael Irvin for teaching him how to play the wide receiver position.

On January 8, 1996, he was promoted to the active roster to participate in the NFC Championship game, but he suffered a severely sprained left ankle and was placed on the injured reserve list three days later, with the Cowboys ultimately winning Super Bowl XXX. He fractured an orbital bone below his right eye and was waived injured before the start of the 1996 regular season.

### Pittsburgh Steelers

On February 4, 1997, he was signed by the Pittsburgh Steelers as a free agent, joining fellow Winston-Salem alumn Yancey Thigpen. He was cut on August 19.

### Frankfurt Galaxy (WLAF)

The Frankfurt Galaxy of the World League of American Football signed him for their 1997 roster, but he separated his shoulder during the tryout camp in Atlanta and did not play during the season.

### Portland Forest Dragons (AFL)

Gadsden signed with the Portland Forest Dragons in 1998, where he played as a wide receiver and linebacker. He earned AFL Rookie of the Year honors after registering 93 receptions for 1,335 yards and 37 touchdowns in 14 games.

### Miami Dolphins

In 1998, the Miami Dolphins were having problems finding a capable complement to O. J. McDuffie and signed Gadsden to compete for the position. He entered the season as a 27-year-old rookie and his first NFL reception was a 44-yard touchdown on opening day against the Indianapolis Colts. He ended up starting 12 games, finishing with 48 receptions, 713 yards (second on the team) and 7 receiving touchdowns (tied for first on the team).

In 1999, he registered 48 receptions (second on the team), a career-high 803 yards and 6 receiving touchdowns (led the team). In 2000 after Dan Marino retired, he had a career-high 56 receptions for 786 yards and 6 receiving touchdowns (led the team). After the 2001 season, health problems limited his production to a combined 20 receptions with no touchdowns. He was waived injured on September 5, 2003, leaving the Dolphins after starting all but 6 games of the games he played and ranking in the top 10 of the franchise's all-time receiver list.

Gadsden's two most famous catches came against the New York Jets on an across-the-middle one-handed catch from Jay Fiedler, and in the 2001 playoffs against the Oakland Raiders, in which Gadsden reached up and caught the pass one-handed in full stride while falling backwards. Photographs of both catches are displayed in the Pro Football Hall of Fame and were nominated for ESPYs.

Gadsden has the distinction of catching Dan Marino's last touchdown pass.

### NFL statistics

| Year | Team | Games | Receptions | Yards | Yards per Reception | Longest Reception | touchdowns | First Downs | Fumbles | Fumbles Lost |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1998 | MIA | 16 | 48 | 713 | 14.9 | 50 | 7 | 34 | 2 | 2 |
| 1999 | MIA | 16 | 48 | 803 | 16.7 | 62 | 6 | 37 | 0 | 0 |
| 2000 | MIA | 16 | 56 | 786 | 14.0 | 61 | 6 | 36 | 0 | 0 |
| 2001 | MIA | 14 | 55 | 674 | 12.3 | 61 | 3 | 34 | 1 | 1 |
| 2002 | MIA | 6 | 16 | 228 | 14.3 | 29 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 0 |
| 2003 | MIA | 6 | 4 | 48 | 12.0 | 23 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| Career |  | 74 | 227 | 3,252 | 14.3 | 62 | 22 | 159 | 3 | 3 |

## Personal life

Gadsden runs the clothing company Original Gear, which he started in 2000 while he still was an NFL player. The company went public in 2006 under the name TotalLuxuryGroup. He is also involved with his charity, NextLevel Charities, which enables underprivileged and disadvantaged youths to achieve success in athletics and academics. He was a minority owner of the Miami Morays of the National Indoor Football League. His son Oronde Gadsden II is a football player at Syracuse University.

## InfoBox

Oronde Gadsden
| No. 86, 88 | |
| --- | --- |
| Position: | Wide receiver |
| Personal information | |
| Born: | (1971-08-20) August 20, 1971<br>Charleston, South Carolina, U.S. |
| Height: | 6 ft 2 in (1.88 m) |
| Weight: | 215 lb (98 kg) |
| Career information | |
| High school: | Burke (SC) |
| College: | Winston-Salem State |
| Undrafted: | 1995 |
| Career history | |
|  | |
| * Offseason and/or practice squad member only | |
|  | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Career NFL statistics | |
| Games played: 74  Receptions: 227  Receiving yards: 3,252  Receiving touchdowns: 22 | |
| Career Arena statistics | |
| Games played: 14  Receptions: 93  Receiving yards: 1,335  Receiving touchdowns: 37  Interceptions: 3 | |
|  | |
| Player stats at **PFR** · **ArenaFan.com** | |
|  | |


title: Upton, Pennsylvania

abstract: Upton is an unincorporated community in Peters Township in Franklin County, Pennsylvania, United States. Upton is located at the intersection of state routes 16 and 995, east of Mercersburg and west of Greencastle. Upton was laid out in 1840. A post office called Upton was established in 1837, and remained in operation until 1906.

text:
# Upton, Pennsylvania

**Upton** is an unincorporated community in Peters Township in Franklin County, Pennsylvania, United States. Upton is located at the intersection of state routes 16 and 995, east of Mercersburg and west of Greencastle.

Upton was laid out in 1840. A post office called Upton was established in 1837, and remained in operation until 1906.

## Notable people

## InfoBox

| Upton, Pennsylvania | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| UptonUpton | |
| Coordinates: 39°48′19″N 77°48′24″W / 39.80528°N 77.80667°W / 39.80528; -77.80667 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Pennsylvania |
| County | Franklin |
| Township | Peters |
| Elevation | 610 ft (190 m) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| ZIP code | 17225 |
| Area code | 717 |
| GNIS feature ID | 1190266 |


title: 1989–90 Eintracht Frankfurt season

abstract:
The 1989–90 Eintracht Frankfurt season was the 90th season in the club's football history. In 1989–90 the club played in the Bundesliga, the top tier of German football. It was the club's 27th season in the Bundesliga.
Eintracht Frankfurt striker Jørn Andersen won the Bundesliga top goalscorer, as the first foreigner ever to win the artillery trophy.

text:
# 1989–90 Eintracht Frankfurt season

The **1989–90 Eintracht Frankfurt season** was the 90th season in the club's football history. In 1989–90 the club played in the Bundesliga, the top tier of German football. It was the club's 27th season in the Bundesliga. Eintracht Frankfurt striker Jørn Andersen won the Bundesliga top goalscorer, as the first foreigner ever to win the artillery trophy.

## Matches

### Legend

Win   Draw   Loss   Postponed

### Friendlies

### Indoor soccer tournament

Win   Draw   Loss

| 18 December 1989 (1989-12-18) Fourth match | **Vorwärts Steyr** | **0–0** | **Eintracht Frankfurt** | Linz, Austria |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | (Report) |  |  |

### Bundesliga

#### League table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Bayern Munich (C) | 34 | 19 | 11 | 4 | 64 | 28 | +36 | 49 | Qualification to European Cup first round |
| 2 | 1. FC Köln | 34 | 17 | 9 | 8 | 54 | 44 | +10 | 43 | Qualification to UEFA Cup first round |
| 3 | Eintracht Frankfurt | 34 | 15 | 11 | 8 | 61 | 40 | +21 | | 41 |
| 4 | Borussia Dortmund | 34 | 15 | 11 | 8 | 51 | 35 | +16 | | 41 |
| 5 | Bayer Leverkusen | 34 | 12 | 15 | 7 | 40 | 32 | +8 | | 39 |

Source: www.dfb.de
Rules for classification: 1) points; 2) goal difference; 3) number of goals scored.
(C) Champions

#### League fixtures and results

| 11 April 1990 (1990-04-11) 29 | **Borussia Dortmund** | **0–0** | **Eintracht Frankfurt** | Dortmund, West Germany |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 20:15 CEST |  | (Report) |  | Stadium: Westfalenstadion
Attendance: 40,500
Referee: Osmers |

### DFB-Pokal

## Squad

### Squad and statistics

| No. | Pos | Nat | Player | Total | | Bundesliga | | DFB-Pokal | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
|  | GK | FRG | Thomas Ernst | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
|  | GK | FRG | Uli Stein | 35 | 0 | 34 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
|  | DF | FRG | Uwe Bindewald | 20 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
|  | DF | FRG | Manfred Binz | 35 | 4 | 34 | 4 | 1 | 0 |
|  | DF | FRG | Alexander Conrad | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
|  | DF | FRG | Michael Klein | 12 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
|  | DF | FRG | Thomas Klepper | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
|  | DF | FRG | Charly Körbel | 35 | 1 | 34 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
|  | DF | FRG | Dietmar Roth | 27 | 1 | 26 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
|  | DF | FRG | Stefan Studer | 34 | 2 | 33 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
|  | MF | FRG | Dirk Bakalorz | 5 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
|  | MF | FRG | Uwe Bein | 34 | 9 | 33 | 9 | 1 | 0 |
|  | MF | FRG | Ralf Falkenmayer | 34 | 6 | 33 | 6 | 1 | 0 |
|  | MF | FRG | Heinz Gründel | 24 | 3 | 23 | 3 | 1 | 0 |
|  | MF | ENG | Peter Hobday | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
|  | MF | FRG | Thomas Lasser | 11 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
|  | MF | FRG | Ralf Sievers | 24 | 0 | 23 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
|  | MF | FRG | Ralf Weber | 19 | 2 | 18 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
|  | FW | NOR | Jørn Andersen | 35 | 18 | 34 | 18 | 1 | 0 |
|  | FW | FRG | Dieter Eckstein | 28 | 7 | 28 | 7 | 0 | 0 |
|  | FW | FRG | Lothar Sippel | 18 | 2 | 18 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
|  | FW | POL | Janusz Turowski | 17 | 3 | 16 | 3 | 1 | 0 |

## Sources

* Matheja, Ulrich (2011). *Unsere Eintracht - Eintracht Frankfurt - Die Chronik*. Die Werkstatt. ISBN 978-3-89533-750-5.

## InfoBox

Eintracht Frankfurt
| 1989-90 season | |
| --- | --- |
| Chairman | Matthias Ohms |
| Manager | Jörg Berger |
| Bundesliga | 3rd |
| DFB-Pokal | 1st Round |
| Top goalscorer | League: Jørn Andersen (18)
All: Jørn Andersen (18) |
| Highest home attendance | 55,000 9 September 1989 v Bayern Munich *(league)* |
| Lowest home attendance | 14,500 1 May 1990 v FC Homburg *(league)* |
| Average home league attendance | 26,765 |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Summit Electric Supply

abstract: Summit Electric Supply Co. Inc. is a privately held, independent wholesale distributor of industrial electrical equipment and supplies. The company is headquartered in Albuquerque, New Mexico where it was founded in 1977. Summit provides electrical equipment and supplies and supply chain solutions to electrical professionals, contractors, project managers, engineers, and others working on commercial, industrial, residential, marine, or export projects. Summit also provides electrical materials and services to contractors for general maintenance, repair, and operations (MRO); original equipment manufacturers (OEMs); and engineering, procurement, and construction (EP&C) professionals. The company ranked 17th on Modern Distribution Management's 2019 list of top electrical distributors based on 2018 revenue of $505 million. Summit has 25 service centers in the United States – located in New Mexico, Arizona, Texas, Louisiana, and Oklahoma – and a service center in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. It also has three global divisions that support specific industries and specialized project requirements. The company's international sales division and EP&C division are located in Houston, Texas. Its marine division is in New Orleans, Louisiana.

text:
# Summit Electric Supply

**Summit Electric Supply Co. Inc.** is a privately held, independent wholesale distributor of industrial electrical equipment and supplies. The company is headquartered in Albuquerque, New Mexico where it was founded in 1977.

Summit provides electrical equipment and supplies and supply chain solutions to electrical professionals, contractors, project managers, engineers, and others working on commercial, industrial, residential, marine, or export projects. Summit also provides electrical materials and services to contractors for general maintenance, repair, and operations (MRO); original equipment manufacturers (OEMs); and engineering, procurement, and construction (EP&C) professionals.

The company ranked 17th on Modern Distribution Management's 2019 list of top electrical distributors based on 2018 revenue of $505 million.

Summit has 25 service centers in the United States – located in New Mexico, Arizona, Texas, Louisiana, and Oklahoma – and a service center in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. It also has three global divisions that support specific industries and specialized project requirements. The company's international sales division and EP&C division are located in Houston, Texas. Its marine division is in New Orleans, Louisiana.

## History

### 1977 to 1987

**Summit Electric Supply Co. Inc.** was incorporated on May 11, 1977 in the state of New Mexico by its original officers Victor Jury Sr., president; David Meredith, vice president and general manager; and Victor Jury Jr., vice president. The elder Jury had previously worked with Meredith at Graybar Electric Co. Jury retired in 1976 after working 28 years at Graybar. Meredith was a former branch manager for the company.

Jury, who frequently spoke with Meredith about starting a business together, talked his son into joining him and Meredith in the new business. As a teenager, the younger Jury sold light bulbs supplied by his father door-to-door, then worked in an electrical contractor's shop before becoming an electrician himself.

The Jurys and Meredith considered several locations for their business and settled on founding the company in Albuquerque, New Mexico. The co-founders figured “a service-oriented distributor could scrape its way into the market and compete against bigger companies,” the younger Jury said in a 1987 article in the *Albuquerque Journal Business Outlook*.

Summit opened its first service center with five employees on August 15, 1977. By the year's end, Summit's sales totaled $408,000.

In 1979, Summit opened a second location in Grants, New Mexico then moved into a new headquarters building the following year. After purchasing a branch of Cummins Utility Supply Co. in 1983, Summit opened another location in Farmington, New Mexico. That same year the company also took its first Just-in-Time (JIT) systems contract with the Rio Rancho, New Mexico facility of international chip manufacturer Intel Corp.

In a JIT systems contract, distributors are required to deliver specified products to their customer's facility within 24 hours; in turn, the customer agrees to purchase all of their materials exclusively from that distributor. By 1986, Summit also had JIT systems contracts in place with Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Other customers included Los Alamos National Laboratory, the City of Albuquerque, Albuquerque Public Schools, and the University of New Mexico.

By the end of the 1987 fiscal year, Summit's 10th year in business, Summit had 76 employees in three locations and company sales were $15.7 million. That year, Summit introduced the 30-Second Counter Service Guarantee® that said customers would receive counter service within 30 seconds or receive a Summit Buck® worth $5 toward their purchase. The company also began expanding its operations into Texas and opened its first Texas branch in Dallas, which originally operated under the name Sierra Electric Supply.

### 1988 to 2008

Co-founder Victor Jury Sr. relocated to Summit's Fort Worth branch when it opened in 1988 and announced his retirement in 1990. The younger Jury became Summit's president and CEO. Co-founder David Meredith announced his retirement in 1999.

Summit first appeared in electrical distribution industry rankings in 1988 when *Electrical Wholesaling* magazine ranked Summit 173rd on its list of the top 250 U.S. electrical distributors.

In 1989, *Electrical Wholesaling* detailed Summit's expertise with JIT systems contracts in an article that gave Summit recognition in the industry for its rapid growth and unique service offerings. By 1993, Summit had opened three more locations, moved its headquarters to a new building in Albuquerque, and introduced the 20/20 Will Call Service Guarantee®, which guaranteed call-in orders would be ready in 20 minutes.

During those four years, Summit's annual sales went from $18.6 million in 1989 to over $65 million by 1993, causing the company to jump 125 spots to rank 48th on *Electrical Wholesaling* magazine's top 250 list. Summit also ranked 16th on the *New Mexico Business Weekly’s* Private 100, which recognized New Mexico's top privately owned companies.

When the company was founded, Summit made an early commitment to service and quality. This led Summit to support its objectives with an ISO registration. In 1994, Summit earned an umbrella ISO registration, which certified all of Summit's locations to ISO 9002 quality standards. The company maintained the registration, developed by the International Organization for Standardization, until 2007. Summit earned an ISO 9001:2008 certification in 2013.

From 1994 to 2000, Jury was a member of the National Association of Electrical Distributors Education Foundation Board of Directors, serving as chairman from 1998 to 2000. In 1991, Jury graduated from NAED's Electrical Products Education Course (EPEC), a three-tiered sales and product training course for electrical distribution professionals. Summit then incorporated EPEC into its own employee training program.

When Summit reached its 25th anniversary in 2002, the company ranked 34th on *Electrical Wholesaling* magazine's top 250 U.S. electrical distributors list. Summit maintained its strong growth through 2008 with consistent sales gains and the addition of many branch locations, some through acquisitions. Between 1990 and 2008, Summit purchased Eastside/Westside Electric Supply in Phoenix, Arizona; Coast Electric in Montclair, California; Tri-Electric Supply in San Antonio, Texas; and Ideal Electric Supply in Killeen, Texas.

Its largest acquisition was at the end of 2002 when Summit purchased the assets of bankrupt competitor Warren Electric Group of Houston, Texas, for $10.5 million. The acquisition doubled the number of Summit employees and locations by adding seven service centers in Texas (Houston, La Porte, Beaumont, Clute, Corpus Christi, Harlingen, and Lufkin); four in Louisiana (New Orleans, Broussard, Sulphur, and Gonzales); an export division based in Houston; and a sales branch in Puerto La Cruz, Venezuela. The service centers in Lufkin, Harlingen, Sulphur, and Puerto La Cruz were closed shortly after.

Electrical industry magazine *The Electrical Distributor* (tED) published an article about the Warren Electric acquisition in 2003 entitled *Surprises for Summit in Gulf Coast Acquisition*. The article cited that Summit purchased $100 million in sales for $.10 on the dollar after a purchase deal with another electrical distributor fell through.

Months later, the magazine printed another article about the management style of Jury. The article *30 Seconds to Perfection* was derived from Summit's 30-second counter service guarantee and discussed Summit's proactive approach to management, commitment to quality standards, and its ambition to be the best.

In 2004, Summit grew its Gulf Coast operations further when it opened a marine division in New Orleans, Louisiana. That same year, Jury took a two-year term as chairman of the board of directors for the IMARK Group, a member-owned marketing group of 1,100 independently owned U.S. electrical distributors, including Summit.

By 2006, Summit had more than 500 employees, its annual sales exceeded $300 million, and the company was moving forward with an aggressive integration of a new business system to position the company for future opportunities. Summit partnered with German company SAP AG, one of the world's largest software companies, to upgrade its operating system to the enterprise resource planning system SAP. Used by companies internationally, including many of Summit's suppliers, SAP ERP allowed Summit to offer more advanced services and grow its global operations.

As Summit went live with the new system in 2007, growth in the Gulf Coast precipitated a move to a new facility in Houston. The next year, Summit opened two additional locations in Florida, which operated until 2011.

### 2009 to present

The economic downturn that began in 2008 decreased demand in residential construction and reduced manufacturing activity. As a result, Summit shifted its interests to supporting large industrial and commercial projects, leading to its formation of an engineering, procurement, and construction (EP&C) division based out of its new Houston location in 2009. Two years after launching the new division, Summit was awarded the largest EP&C contact in the company's history – an expansion of Refineria de Cartagena (known as Reficar) in Cartagena, Colombia, Latin America – by Chicago Bridge & Iron Company.

In 2010, *Modern Distribution Management* magazine published its first industry ranking of the top electrical distributors in the U.S. Despite a loss of nearly $80 million in sales from the previous year, Summit ranked 18th based on its 2009 sales of $307 million. The steep decline in total industry sales in 2009, however, made it one of the worst years in the history of the electrical industry. In 2010, Summit experienced another sales decline as economic recovery in Summit's markets continued to stall, causing the company to drop to 23rd on *Modern Distribution Management's* 2011 list.

To weather out the struggling economy, Summit focused on strategic growth in existing markets and in early 2011 opened its first international service center in the Jebel Ali Free Zone of Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Summit had previously opened a sales office in Dubai in 2007 after serving international customers exclusively through its Houston location since 2002.

The expansion of its international operations led Summit to join Trace International and implement anti-bribery and anti-corruption compliance solutions. In 2011, Trace certified Summit for ethical business practices and policies.

That same year, Summit recognized the increasing number of electrical professionals using mobile devices in the field and subsequently initiated customer and industry focus groups to determine job functions that could be improved with mobile applications. Summit released the NEMA Configuration Guide in 2011 to help identify unknown NEMA receptacle and plug configurations.

Over the next two years, the company released two additional mobile applications: the Conduit Fill Tracker calculated allowable fill rates when adding conductors to tubing or conduit and Summit Mobile took scans of product bar codes and worked in conjunction with the e-commerce content on Summit's website.

As the electrical industry showed stronger signs of recovery and Summit's sales improved, the company opened a new location in Waynoka, Oklahoma in 2012. Summit opened four additional service centers in Texas from 2010 to 2013 to work closer with customers in the rich oil and gas exploration and production industry in the Eagle Ford Shale and Permian Basin areas.

On May 29, 2013, Summit's co-founder and former president Victor Jury Sr. died in Fort Worth, Texas. Later that year, Summit was ranked 17th in *Modern Distribution Management* magazine's top 25 electrical distributors in the U.S., based on sales of $384 million in 2012 a return to pre-recession levels. Summit was also the 2nd largest revenue producing company in New Mexico by the 2013 New Mexico Private 100 list.

By the end of 2013, Summit's sales were more than $405.9 million and the company had over 600 employees.

2017 was a very significant year in the company's history. In March, Summit announced that Kevin Powell had joined the company to serve as its president. He would report to chairman and chief executive officer Victor Jury Jr. and would be based out of Summit's Albuquerque, New Mexico corporate headquarters.

In June, Summit announced a realignment of the company's sales operations from a two-region model to more efficient four-district model. In addition to the territorial reorganization, Summit announced the creation of four new District Vice President roles to lead the sales teams in those new districts. These roles were filled by Todd Bockenfeld, North Texas District; Richard Landry, South Texas District; Chad Eschete, Louisiana District; Ryan Oehring, Desert Southwest District. Over the following months, Summit named a number of new service center leaders who would be responsible for growing commercial and industrial market sales.

Earlier in the year, David Meeks joined the company's leadership team as vice president of supply chain operations. Meeks would be responsible for Summit's service center logistics as well as the company's quality management system The Summit Way. He would also oversee Summit's central replenishment, purchasing, inventory management, and rebate administration.

## Executive leadership

* Victor R. Jury Jr. – executive chairman
* Edward Gerber – president and chief executive officer
* Sheila Hernandez – senior vice president, marketing and supplier relations
* Darin Patrizi – chief financial officer
* Dwayne Roberts – vice president, operations
* Michael Aufdembrink – chief information and technology officer
* Micah Carlton – vice president, associate resources

## Annual sales

* 2017: $469,920,077
* 2016: $434,249,768
* 2015: $425,947,985
* 2014: $421,496,696
* 2013: $405,963,534
* 2012: $384,672,990
* 2011: $358,511,795
* 2010: $301,584,700
* 2009: $307,852,995
* 2008: $384,100,494
* 2007: $338,875,423
* 2006: $337,494,096
* 2005: $267,695,889
* 1995: $102,140,318
* 1987: $15,668,451
* 1978: $2,161,872
* 1977: $408,276

35°6′47.8″N 106°37′1.3″W / 35.113278°N 106.617028°W / 35.113278; -106.617028

## InfoBox

Summit Electric Supply
|
|  |
| Company type | Privately-held/Independent |
| Industry | Electrical distribution |
| Founded | Albuquerque, New Mexico, US August 15, 1977 (1977-August-15) |
| Founder | Victor R. Jury Sr., David Meredith, Victor R. Jury Jr. |
| Headquarters | Albuquerque, New Mexico, US |
| Number of locations | 25 |
| Area served | Domestic and International |
| Key people | Victor R. Jury Jr., Executive Chairman; Patrick Davis, CEO |
| Products | Industrial electrical equipment and supplies |
| Revenue | $505 million (*2018*) |
| Number of employees | 525+ (*2020*) |
| Divisions | 3 |
| Website | www.summit.com |


title: William Theed the elder

abstract: William Theed (1764–1817), called William Theed the elder, was an English sculptor and painter, the father of William Theed the younger, who was also a sculptor.

text:
# William Theed the elder

**William Theed** RA (1764–1817), called **William Theed the elder**, was an English sculptor and painter, the father of William Theed the younger, who was also a sculptor.

## Life

He was born on 3 August 1764 the son of William Theed, a wig-maker in Wych Street in London and his wife Sarah Palmer.

He was trained at the Royal Academy Schools in 1786 and began a career in oil painting: both portraits and classical subjects. After a tour with other artists of Italy beginning in 1791 (where he spent 4 or 5 years in Rome and reportedly got married) he returned to England around 1796. He worked as a modeller for Wedgwood from 1799 to 1804, and then for the gold and silversmiths Rundell and Bridge back in London from 1804 to 1817. He was elected an associate of the Royal Academy in 1811 and as Royal Academician in 1813. He trained his son in the early stages of the latter's career.

## Known works

## Family

He married Frances Rougeot (d.1818) and had one child.

Theed, William I, in: A Biographical Dictionary of Sculptors in Britain, 1660–1851, Henry Moore Foundation


title: List of mayors of Sioux City, Iowa

text:
# List of mayors of Sioux City, Iowa

Sioux City mayoral elections take place on the year preceding the U.S. presidential election. Inauguration typically takes place on the following January 1.

In total, there have been 64 mayors of Sioux City. However, only two of these have been popularly elected, the first being Mike Hobart in 2008.

## List

1. John Blair Smith Todd (1857–1857)† after winning the election by a technicality, Todd refused to serve naming Colonel Robert Means acting mayor until 1858.
2. Robert Means (1857–1859)† Sioux City's first acting mayor.
3. William Bigelow (1859–1860)† first secretary of Woodbury County's agricultural board.
4. George W. Chamberlain (1860–1861)† served as Woodbury's first county surveyor and third county sheriff.
5. John K. Cook (1861–1863)† founded Sioux City in 1854. First person to serve two terms.
6. William R. Smith (1863–1864)† Member of the Iowa's Cavalry against the Native Americans and historian for Sioux City. First mayor to serve two nonconsecutive terms.
7. Charles Kent (1864–1865)†
8. J.L. Follett (1865–1866)† as the brother of a New York judge, and a long time lumber merchant, Follett was elected for his practical knowledge.
9. George Weare (1866–1867)† commonly called Iowa's First Banker, he was the co–founder of Weare and Allison Bank before it merged with Iowa State National Bank.
10. C.K. Smith (1867–1868)† was a member of Sioux City's first council.
11. F.M. Ziebach (1968–1970)†
12. Daniel Hedges (1870–1871)† With his brother and John Pierce built the north side of Sioux City.
13. S.T. Davis (1871–1872)†
14. G.W. Kingsworth (1872–1873)† he served as Woodbury's Agricultural Society President.
15. R.F. Turner (1873–1874)†
16. H.L. Warner (1874–1876)†
17. S.B. Jackson (1876–1880)†
18. C.F. Hoyt (1880–1881)† as a businessman, he owned Sioux City Vinegar Works before converting it into a hotel.
19. William R. Smith (1881–1882)†
20. W.Z. Swartz (1882–1885)†
21. D.A. McGee (1885–1886)† in 1877, he served as the King of Sioux City's lodge of the Grand Chapter of The State of Iowa.
22. Jonas M. Cleland (1886–1890)† served two nonconsecutive terms.
23. E.C. Palmer (1890–1892)† He was one of the founders of Palmer Candy Company, the oldest candy store in Sioux City.
24. Maris Peirce (1892–1894)†
25. C.W. Fletcher (1894–1896)†
26. J.M. Cleland (1896–1898)† he died in Chicago, Illinois, in 1913, but his body was brought to Sioux City for his funeral.
27. John Herbert Quick (1898–1900)† as a lawyer and businessman, Quick wrote 18 novels, one of which became the basis of the movie *Double Trouble (1915 film)*.
28. A.H. Burton (1900–1902)† he placed the time capsule into the bricks of the Sergeant Floyd Monument.
29. Ernest W. Caldwell (1902–1904)†
30. W.G. Sears (1904–1910)† At the time, he was the longest–serving mayor in Sioux City history.
31. A.A. Smith (1910–1915)†
32. R.J. Andrews (1917–1918)† ran for reelection in 1918, but was defeated by ~1,000 votes from Wallace Short.
33. Wallace M. Short (1918–1924)† Right before his election, he wrote *Let There be Light: A Study in Freedom and Faith, Being a Review of Six Years Ministry in Sioux City, Iowa*
34. Stewart Gilman (1924–1928)† first native of Sioux City to become mayor.
35. W.D. Hayes (1930–1938)† Only 20 years after Sears, Hayes beat his longevity by 2 years. He ran against John W. Gwynne in 1938 for Representative of Iowa's third district.
36. David F. Loepp (1939–1943)†
37. Forrest M. Olson (1947–1949)†
38. Dan J. Conley (1950–1952)† Although he won the election of 1952, he faced legal trouble leading him to resign and appointing Ralph Henderson to fulfill his term.
39. Ralph Henderson (1952–1953)†
40. George W. Young (1954–1957)† Served two sets of two, two year terms after serving on the city council for 12 years. Second known person to serve two nonconsecutive mayoral terms in Sioux City.
41. Loren Callendar (1957–1958)† was a controversial mayor because he was elected by the council during a time when Sioux City voted to elect mayors directly. However, the city voted to keep the same, and Loren fulfilled his term.
42. William "Wally" Wilson (1958–1959)†
43. George W. Young (1960–1963)†
44. Stanley L. Greigg (1964–1964)† He is the youngest Sioux City Mayor at the age of 33.
45. Donald Mullin (1966–1968)†
46. Earle Grueskin (1968–1970)† He served on the city council of Sioux City from 1964 to 1971, two of those years were as mayor.
47. Paul A. Berger (1970–1974)† He served as a councilman for two years before being elected mayor in 1970.
48. George A. Cole (1974–1976)† he spent two of his seven years on Sioux City's council serving as mayor. Cole is best known for his implementation of Sioux City's downtown skywalks.
49. George W. Gross (1976–1977)† After serving on the city council for a year, Gross was elected as an Iowa State Senator before returning to the council in 1974 and being appointed mayor two years later.
50. Donald Lawrenson (1978–1980)† very active in local churches, Lawrenson served on the city council for four years and on the Woodbury Board of Supervisors for 12 years.
51. Jim Wharton (1980–1981) Since 1976, he has worked at KMNS radio station. He and his wife also won the Deming Award in 2017.
52. William F. Skinner II (1981–1982)†
53. Kenneth Lawson (1982–1983)† after holding many jobs in Sioux City, Lawson was elected to the city's council and was immediately appointed mayor. He was the first councilman to be appointed mayor during his first year.
54. John W. Van Dyke, Jr. (1984–1986)† After serving as the first chairman of Iowa's Lottery Commission, he had founded the Dakota Water System before being sentenced to 21 months in prison for bank fraud.
55. Cornelius "Conny" Bodine Jr. (January 1987 - May 1987)
56. Loren Callendar (1987–1990)†
57. Robert "Bob" Scott (1990–1998)
58. Tom Padgett (1998–2000)
59. Marty Dougherty (2000–2002) nicknamed "Mr. Transportation" due to his championing of infrastructure and road projects, Dougherty served 12 years on Sioux City's council. In 2006, after Dougherty no longer served on the city council, he was controversially hired by the city manager to become economic director. This was controversial because two of the five councilmen believed that he was inexperienced and is should not get a salary of $79,500. Dougherty still serves as Economic Director as of 2021.
60. Craig Berenstein (2002–2004)
61. Dave Ferris (2004–2005) Ferris resigns one year into his two year term in order to allow Karen Van de Steeg to serve 1 year as mayor.
62. Karen Van de Steeg (2005–2006) Sioux City's first female mayor.
63. Craig Berenstein (2006–2008) one of the few mayors to serve two nonconsecutive terms. Last non–elected mayor to serve prior to the change in the form of government which, in part, requires the mayor to be directly elected by the citizens to a 4-year term.
64. Mike Hobart (2008–2012) First public elected mayor. Prior to this, the council simply appointed one member of the council to serve a 2-year stint as the mayor.
65. Bob Scott (2012–2024) Sitting mayor, the longest-serving Sioux City mayor, and served two nonconsecutive mayoral terms. As of November 2019, Scott has been elected to serve 7 terms, 4 two–year and 3 four–year, or 20 years as the city's highest elected official.


abstract: The 1982 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team represented Humboldt State University—now known as California State Polytechnic University, Humboldt—as a member of the Northern California Athletic Conference (NCAC) during the 1982 NCAA Division II football season. Led by 17th-year head coach Bud Van Deren, the Lumberjacks compiled an overall record of 3–7 with a mark of 1–4 in conference play, tying for fifth place in the NCAC. The team was outscored by its opponents 191 to 131 for the season. Humboldt State played home games at the Redwood Bowl in Arcata, California.

text:
# 1982 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team

1982 Northern California Athletic Conference football standings
|  | Conf | | | | |  |  | Overall | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Team | W |  | L |  | T |  |  | W |  | L |  | T |
| No. 3 UC Davis $^ | 5 |  | 0 |  | 0 |  |  | 12 |  | 1 |  | 0 |
| Sacramento State | 3 |  | 2 |  | 0 |  |  | 8 |  | 3 |  | 0 |
| Cal State Hayward | 3 |  | 2 |  | 0 |  |  | 4 |  | 5 |  | 1 |
| San Francisco State | 2 |  | 3 |  | 0 |  |  | 4 |  | 6 |  | 0 |
| Chico State | 1 |  | 4 |  | 0 |  |  | 5 |  | 5 |  | 0 |
| Humboldt State | 1 |  | 4 |  | 0 |  |  | 3 |  | 7 |  | 0 |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| * $  Conference champion * ^  NCAA Division II playoff participant Rankings from NCAA Division II Football Committee poll | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

The **1982 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football team** represented Humboldt State University—now known as California State Polytechnic University, Humboldt—as a member of the Northern California Athletic Conference (NCAC) during the 1982 NCAA Division II football season. Led by 17th-year head coach Bud Van Deren, the Lumberjacks compiled an overall record of 3–7 with a mark of 1–4 in conference play, tying for fifth place in the NCAC. The team was outscored by its opponents 191 to 131 for the season. Humboldt State played home games at the Redwood Bowl in Arcata, California.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result | Attendance | Source |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| September 18 | at Cal Lutheran* |  | L 7–21 | 2,857 |  |
| September 25 | Sonoma State* |  | W 24–6 | 2,700 |  |
| October 2 | at Puget Sound* |  | L 14–16 |  |  |
| October 9 | Santa Clara* | * Redwood Bowl * Arcata, CA | L 13–41 | 3,287 |  |
| October 16 | Southern Oregon* | * Redwood Bowl * Arcata, CA | W 14–7 | 2,223 |  |
| October 23 | at Sacramento State |  | L 6–30 | 6,020 |  |
| October 30 | Cal State Hayward | * Redwood Bowl * Arcata, CA | L 0–10 | 3,972 |  |
| November 6 | Chico State | * Redwood Bowl * Arcata, CA | W 42–12 | 1,350 |  |
| November 13 | at San Francisco State |  | L 3–17 | 1,231 |  |
| November 20 | No. 3 UC Davis | * Redwood Bowl * Arcata, CA | L 8–31 | 2,500–2,623 |  |
|  | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| 1982 Humboldt State Lumberjacks football | |
| --- | --- |
| Conference | Northern California Athletic Conference |
| Record | 3–7 (1–4 NCAC) |
| Head coach |  |
| Home stadium | Redwood Bowl |
|


title: Tilt (British band)

abstract: Tilt is an English group of electronic record producers, composed of Mick Park and Nic Britton. Formed in Coventry, by Mick Park and Mick Wilson in 1990, they became residents at The Eclipse, the first legal all night rave venue in the UK. Their time at Eclipse was inspirational, playing alongside Sasha, and motivating the boys to produce their own musical material. In 1993, they met with John Graham and Tilt was formed. 3 years later, out of their studios in Stoke-on-Trent, their first hit single "I Dream", released on Paul Oakenfold's Perfecto Records. After multiple successful singles including "My Spirit", "Places", and the captivating "Butterfly", along with "Rendezvous", which they recorded with Paul van Dyk, they saw themselves signed to Hooj Choons, the label of dance labels in that era. The Hooj Choons label released "Invisible", Top 20 in the UK Singles Chart. The unforgettable & timeless cover version of Robert Miles' "Children" and their "Dark Science EP" and at this point had reckoned seven UK chart hits. In 1997, the boys collaborated with the legendary Sex Pistols Manager Malcolm McLaren on Lakme 'The Bell Song' - which received critical acclaim. Graham left Tilt in 1999 to pursue his solo career and Parks and Wilson continued to release singles until joined by Andy Moor which saw the release of the album, Explorer, on Hooj Choons subsidiary label, Lost Language. Moor and Wilson subsequently left the band to pursue their own paths and in 2011, Nic Britton re-joined Mick Park as TILT with releases on Black Hole Recordings. The production of ‘No Other Day’ featured Maria Nayler and re-released the Oakey favourite "The World Doesn’t Know" for Lost Language’s 100th release. Mick Park and Nic Britton the celebrated their huge remix of Cosmos "Take Me With You" supported by BBC Radio One and Kiss and have since collaborated with Ben Shaw, Sam Mollison and Dominique Atkins (aka) 'Grace' and have released productions on Mesmeric Records, Black Hole Recordings, Perfecto Records, Pro B-Tech and Lost Language all being championed from a plethora of DJ's including Carl Cox, John Digweed, Hernan Cattaneo, Nick Warren, Paul Oakenfold & Pete Tong to name a few! After releasing their 'Best Of' album "Stop The World Revolving", 2014 was a flurry of activity. The production of an E.A.R tutorial for Mac Pro and work on their album "Resonator", which hit No.2 in the Beatport charts and involved working with multiple artists, this resulted in a tour with a live visual show to critical acclaim from the dance community. After fantastic reviews from their 2015 release "Quad" on Stripped Recordings. TILT toured with Paul Oakenfold at sell out venues, including Ministry of Sound, Session & Cream and started a monthly residency with Frisky Radio with their programme 'Trip Switch' showcasing the hottest underground tunes. New challenges awaited with long standing collaborators Natasha Cadman and Silinder and delightful collaboration with the Queen of Soul and Gospel Music, Ruby Turner her first dance record production, "Deeper In Love", released on Perfecto House Records in 2017. Tilt are no strangers to the Irish connection and 2019 saw them remix U2 "Summer of Love"(Island Records) with huge support from BBC Radio One, Paul Oakenfold, Rusty Egan and Solarstone and widespread acclaim meant they would go on to do 5 projects for the esteemed rockers. Averse to 'sitting still' 2019 was the birth of their own imprint record label / clothing brand ‘Guerilla Movement’with merch flying off the shelves, proving their versatility and in 2020 released their mix with Redanka commissioned by Bono of "Where the streets have no name" 2021/22 reunited Park with Wilson on a remix of "Gangsters", used by the Coventry City of Culture for their 2021 celebrations. The last 2 years have kept Tilt ever busy with scoring the music for their first film 'Wolflands. Recent projects include collaborations with Robbie Williams, Happy Mondays front woman Rowetta and Inder Goldfinger for UNKLE feat Ian Brown Tilt remix, with James Lavelle With a career spanning 3 decades, it's about time they toured...

text:
# Tilt (British band)

**Tilt** is an English group of electronic record producers, composed of Mick Park and Nic Britton.

Formed in Coventry, by Mick Park and Mick Wilson in 1990, they became residents at The Eclipse, the first legal all night rave venue in the UK. Their time at Eclipse was inspirational, playing alongside Sasha, and motivating the boys to produce their own musical material. In 1993, they met with John Graham and Tilt was formed. 3 years later, out of their studios in Stoke-on-Trent, their first hit single "I Dream", released on Paul Oakenfold's Perfecto Records.

After multiple successful singles including "My Spirit", "Places", and the captivating "Butterfly", along with "Rendezvous", which they recorded with Paul van Dyk, they saw themselves signed to Hooj Choons, the label of dance labels in that era.

The Hooj Choons label released "Invisible", Top 20 in the UK Singles Chart. The unforgettable & timeless cover version of Robert Miles' "Children" and their "Dark Science EP" and at this point had reckoned seven UK chart hits.

In 1997, the boys collaborated with the legendary Sex Pistols Manager Malcolm McLaren on Lakme 'The Bell Song' - which received critical acclaim. Graham left Tilt in 1999 to pursue his solo career and Parks and Wilson continued to release singles until joined by Andy Moor which saw the release of the album, *Explorer*, on Hooj Choons subsidiary label, Lost Language.

Moor and Wilson subsequently left the band to pursue their own paths and in 2011, Nic Britton re-joined Mick Park as TILT with releases on Black Hole Recordings.

The production of ‘No Other Day’ featured Maria Nayler ("Angry Skies" & "Headstrong") and re-released the Oakey favourite "The World Doesn’t Know" for Lost Language’s 100th release.

Mick Park and Nic Britton the celebrated their huge remix of Cosmos "Take Me With You" supported by BBC Radio One and Kiss (UK radio station) and have since collaborated with Ben Shaw, Sam Mollison and Dominique Atkins (aka) 'Grace' and have released productions on Mesmeric Records, Black Hole Recordings, Perfecto Records, Pro B-Tech and Lost Language all being championed from a plethora of DJ's including Carl Cox, John Digweed, Hernan Cattaneo, Nick Warren, Paul Oakenfold & Pete Tong to name a few!

After releasing their 'Best Of' album "Stop The World Revolving", 2014 was a flurry of activity. The production of an E.A.R (Electronic Artists Revealed) tutorial for Mac Pro and work on their album "Resonator" (Pro B-Tech), which hit No.2 in the Beatport charts and involved working with multiple artists, this resulted in a tour with a live visual show to critical acclaim from the dance community.

After fantastic reviews from their 2015 release "Quad" on Stripped Recordings. TILT toured with Paul Oakenfold at sell out venues, including Ministry of Sound, Session & Cream and started a monthly residency with Frisky Radio with their programme 'Trip Switch' showcasing the hottest underground tunes.

New challenges awaited with long standing collaborators Natasha Cadman and Silinder and delightful collaboration with the Queen of Soul and Gospel Music, Ruby Turner (Jools Holland) her first dance record production, "Deeper In Love", released on Perfecto House Records in 2017.

Tilt are no strangers to the Irish connection (Psalm 33 with Sinead O'Connor-Tilt & Redanka's Jah remix) and 2019 saw them remix U2 "Summer of Love"(Island Records) with huge support from BBC Radio One, Paul Oakenfold, Rusty Egan and Solarstone and widespread acclaim meant they would go on to do 5 projects for the esteemed rockers.

Averse to 'sitting still' 2019 was the birth of their own imprint record label / clothing brand ‘Guerilla Movement’with merch flying off the shelves, proving their versatility and in 2020 released their mix with Redanka commissioned by Bono of "Where the streets have no name"

2021/22 reunited Park with Wilson on a remix of "Gangsters" (The Specials), used by the Coventry City of Culture for their 2021 celebrations.

The last 2 years have kept Tilt ever busy with scoring the music for their first film 'Wolflands. Recent projects include collaborations with Robbie Williams, Happy Mondays front woman Rowetta and Inder Goldfinger (Ian Brown) for UNKLE feat Ian Brown Tilt remix, with James Lavelle

With a career spanning 3 decades, it's about time they toured... (coming 2024)

## Selected discography

### Albums

* 2005: *Explorer* (Lost Language)
* 2013: *Stop the World Revolving* (compilation) (Lost Language)
* 2014: *Resonator* (Pro B Tech Records)

### Singles

* 1995: "I Dream" (UK #69) (Warner Music / Perfecto)
* 1997: "My Spirit" (UK #61) (Warner Music / Perfecto)
* 1997: "Places" (UK #64) (Warner Music / Perfecto)
* 1998: "Butterfly" (UK #41) (US #31) (feat. Zee) (Warner Music / Perfecto)
* 1999: "Children" (UK #51) (Deconstruction Records)
* 1999: "Invisible" (UK #20) (Hooj Choons)
* 1999: "Angry Skies" (TILT & Maria Nayler)(Deconstruction Records)
* 2000: *Dark Science EP* (UK #55) (Hooj Choons)
* 2002: "Headstrong" (feat. Maria Nayler) (Baroque Records)
* 2004: "The World Doesn't Know" (UK #36) (Lost Language)
* 2004: "Twelve" (Lost Language)
* 2011: *The Century EP* (Lost Language)
* 2013: "My Release" (feat. Maria Nayler) (Black Hole Recordings)
* 2013: "Here Is Not Now" (feat. Sam Mollison) (Pro B Tech Records)
* 2015: "30 Hits of Acid" (feat. G-Man) (Pro B Tech Records)
* 2015: "Quad" (Stripped Recordings)
* 2018: "Black Samurai" (Tactal Hots Music)
* 2018: "Sinai" (Tactal Hots Music)
* 2023: "Reign" (UNKLE feat Ian Brown) with James Lavelle

## InfoBox

| TILT | |
| --- | --- |
| TILT performing in June 2023 | |
| Background information | |
| Origin | Coventry, England |
| Genres | Electronic dance music |
| Years active | 1993–present |
| Labels | Warner Music
Perfecto Records
Deconstruction Records |
|  | |
| Members | Mick Park
Nic Britton |
|  | |
| Past members | Michael Wilson
John Graham
Andy Moor |
|  | |
| Website | https://www.tiltofficialuk.com |


title: PWS-20

abstract: The PWS-20 was a Polish single-engine high-wing 8 passenger airliner, built in the PWS factory and when it made its first flight in 1929 it became the first Polish-designed transport aircraft to fly.

text:
# PWS-20

The **PWS-20** was a Polish single-engine high-wing 8 passenger airliner, built in the PWS factory and when it made its first flight in 1929 it became the first Polish-designed transport aircraft to fly.

## Development

The aircraft was developed by Zbysław Ciołkosz in response to a request announced by the Polish Ministry of Communication in 1927 for an airliner to be used by LOT Polish Airlines, and was competing against a sizable number of other designs from other Polish designers, including the Stemal VII, 4 unbuilt proposals from PZL, the Lublin R-IX, and the Medwecki M.N.2. Of the designs submitted, the PWS-20 was selected as being the best design. A prototype was built and first flew on 12 March 1929 from Biała Podlaska. After brief flight testing it was bought by the Ministry of Communication for evaluation as the **PWS-20T**, with the T signifying transport.

In 1930, following testing by LOT, the aircraft was modified with a wider undercarriage, improved windscreen, engine cooling and exhaust systems, and the passenger cabin was rearranged with permanent seating for 8 passengers, having initially been designed for 6 fixed seats, and two folding seats that could be replaced with a bunk bed. The modifications resulted in the first aircraft being redesignated as the **PWS-20bis**, which was named *Zula* and registered as *SP-AAZ*. In the same year a second PWS-20bis was built, named *Yaga* and registered as *SP-AAY*.

PWS had started a construction of a third airframe for LOT, to have been *SP-AAX*, but it was never delivered and the registration was reassigned. Plans for an around the world flight resulted in the third airframe being modified, with additional fuel tanks in the fuselage which extended the range to 6,450 km (4,010 mi), while the crew compartment was rearranged to seat a navigator along with a pilot and co-pilot, along with a radio and other navigational aids. It was test flown but the proposed flight was abandoned when sufficient money could not be raised.

A floatplane variant, the **PWS-20ter** was also planned, for Denmark and Sweden, but it was not completed.

## Operational service

When first introduced into LOT service in 1930, the type briefly carried passengers between Warsaw and Bucharest, before being transferred in 1930 to the domestic route between Warsaw and Lwów, primarily carrying express freight including pastries, and E. Wedel confectioneries, which they did until 1931.

LOT had already ordered a batch of single-engine Fokker F.VIIa/1m aircraft from the Netherlands, and while the performance and flight characteristics of PWS-20 were similar to the Fokkers, LOT's focus was moving toward longer international routes, which required a larger aircraft, such as the tri-motored version of the F.VII, and the need for either single engine type was shrinking, and worse, with only two in service, the PWS-20 was a maintenance problem. In 1933 one aircraft was written off in Warsaw while the second was withdrawn from use after having been stored.

## Description

The PWS-20 was a high-wing braced monoplane with an enclosed cabin and a single engine mounted in the nose.

The constant chord wings had rounded wingtips and were built up around two wood spars, with plywood ribs and a doped linen covering. Fuel tanks were located in the wing roots, between the spars. The empennage was built up as a frame and also covered in linen. The forward fuselage was a metal framework skinned with plywood, while the rear fuselage was a wooden framework covered with plywood and doped linen.

The crew of two, a pilot and a mechanic, sat in a cabin ahead of the wing, and were provided with dual controls. Behind them and under the wing, there was a 3.15 m (10.3 ft) long cabin with seating for six passengers. Wide rectangular windows were provided, along with a door on the left side. Two additional passengers could be carried on folding seats and there was a toilet, as well as room for 220 kg (490 lb) of baggage in two compartments.

The PWS-20 was powered with a 450 hp (340 kW) (nominal) or 487 hp (363 kW) (take-off power) Lorraine-Dietrich LD 12Eb W12 engine produced under licence by the Polish Skoda Works, driving a 3.2 m (10 ft) diameter two-blade fixed pitch metal propeller. Cooling was provided by a radiator mounted under the fuselage near the firewall, and the engine was faired into the fuselage with a duralumin cowling. Fuel consumption at cruising speed and altitude was 100–110 L (22–24 imp gal; 26–29 US gal) per hour.

A conventional fixed landing gear, with a tail skid was fitted. Initially this was formed from two vees, attached to the lower fuselage longerons and to each other with a spreader bar, with a wheelbase of 2.5 m (8 ft 2 in), this was replaced by individual legs, with a vee connected to the fuselage, and a vertical strut connected to the upper longeron, through one of the wing struts, with a wider 3.54 m (11.6 ft) wheelbase. For initial tests, skis were used.

## Specifications (PWS-20bis)

*Data from* Polish aircraft 1893-1939

**General characteristics**

* **Crew:** 2 (pilot and engineer/mechanic)
* **Capacity:** 8
* **Length:** 12.67 m (41 ft 7 in)
* **Wingspan:** 17.6 m (57 ft 9 in)
* **Height:** 3.71 m (12 ft 2 in)
* **Wing area:** 52.9 m2 (569 sq ft)
* **Airfoil:** Bobek-Zdaniewski No.4 (Göttingen 648)
* **Empty weight:** 1,850 kg (4,079 lb)
* **Gross weight:** 3,200 kg (7,055 lb)
* **Fuel capacity:** 600 L (160 US gal; 130 imp gal) in two wing tanks, with a supplementary 80 L (21 US gal; 18 imp gal) tank in the rear fuselage
* **Powerplant:** 1 × Lorraine-Dietrich 12E W-12 water-cooled piston engine, 340 kW (450 hp)
* **Propellers:** 2-bladed fixed-pitch Duralumin propeller, 3.2 m (10 ft 6 in) diameter

**Performance**

* **Maximum speed:** 200 km/h (120 mph, 110 kn) at sea level
* **Cruise speed:** 160 km/h (99 mph, 86 kn)
* **Landing speed:** 93 km/h (58 mph; 50 kn)
* **Range:** 800 km (500 mi, 430 nmi)
* **Service ceiling:** 3,800 m (12,500 ft)
* **Wing loading:** 60.5 kg/m2 (12.4 lb/sq ft)
* **Power/mass:** .106 kW/kg (0.064 hp/lb)

**Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era**

### Citations

### Bibliography

* Cynk, J. (1971). *Polish aircraft 1893-1939*. London: Putnam. pp. 439–440. ISBN 9780370000855.
* Glass, A. (1977). *Polskie konstrukcje lotnicze 1893-1939* \[*Polish aviation designs 1893-1939*\] (in Polish). Warsaw, Poland: Wydawnictwa Komunikacji i Łączności (WKiŁ).

## InfoBox

| PWS-20 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Role | Passenger aircraft |
| Manufacturer | PWS |
| Designer | Zbysław Ciołkosz |
| First flight | 12 March 1929 |
| Introduction | 1929 |
| Retired | 1933 |
| Status | retired |
| Primary user | Polish civilian aviation (LOT Polish Airlines) |
| Produced | 1929-1930 |
| Number built | 3 |