title: Sheep Creek (Bruneau River tributary)

abstract: Sheep Creek is a 63-mile (101 km) long tributary of the Bruneau River. Beginning at an elevation of 6,126 feet (1,867 m) east of Owyhee in northern Elko County, Nevada, it flows generally north into Owyhee County, Idaho and the Owyhee Desert, where it is roughly paralleled by Idaho State Highway 51. It then flows to its mouth in the Bruneau – Jarbidge Rivers Wilderness, at an elevation of 3,415 feet (1,041 m). In 2009, 25.6 miles (41.2 km) of the creek were designated as wild by the Omnibus Public Land Management Act, which also created the Bruneau – Jarbidge Rivers Wilderness.

text:
# Sheep Creek (Bruneau River tributary)

**Sheep Creek** is a 63-mile (101 km) long tributary of the Bruneau River. Beginning at an elevation of 6,126 feet (1,867 m) east of Owyhee in northern Elko County, Nevada, it flows generally north into Owyhee County, Idaho and the Owyhee Desert, where it is roughly paralleled by Idaho State Highway 51. It then flows to its mouth in the Bruneau – Jarbidge Rivers Wilderness, at an elevation of 3,415 feet (1,041 m). In 2009, 25.6 miles (41.2 km) of the creek were designated as wild by the Omnibus Public Land Management Act, which also created the Bruneau – Jarbidge Rivers Wilderness.

## InfoBox

| Sheep Creek | |
| --- | --- |
| Sheep Creek | |
| Location of the mouth of Sheep Creek in IdahoSheep Creek (Bruneau River tributary) (the United States) | |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Idaho, Nevada |
| Counties | Owyhee County, Idaho, Elko County, Nevada |
| Physical characteristics | |
|  | |
| Source |  |
| location | east of Owyhee, Nevada, Elko County, Nevada |
| coordinates | 41°58′18″N 115°55′07″W / 41.97167°N 115.91861°W / 41.97167; -115.91861 |
| elevation | 6,126 ft (1,867 m) |
|  | |
| Mouth | Bruneau River |
| location | Bruneau – Jarbidge Rivers Wilderness, Owyhee County, Idaho |
| coordinates | 42°29′55″N 115°35′50″W / 42.49861°N 115.59722°W / 42.49861; -115.59722 |
| elevation | 3,415 ft (1,041 m) |
| Length | 63 mi (101 km) |
|  | |
| National Wild and Scenic Rivers System | |
| Type | Wild |
| Designated | March 30, 2009 |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Shikō Munakata

abstract: Shikō Munakata was a woodblock printmaker active in Shōwa period Japan. He is associated with the sōsaku-hanga movement and the mingei movement. Munakata was awarded the "Prize of Excellence" at the Second International Print Exhibition in Lugano, Switzerland in 1952, and first prize at the São Paulo Bienal Exhibition in Brazil in 1955, followed by Grand Prix at the Venice Biennale in 1956, and the Order of Culture, the highest honor in the arts by the Japanese government in 1970.

text:
# Shikō Munakata

**Shikō Munakata** (棟方 志功, *Munakata Shikō*, September 5, 1903 – September 13, 1975) was a woodblock printmaker active in Shōwa period Japan. He is associated with the *sōsaku-hanga* movement and the *mingei* (folk art) movement. Munakata was awarded the "Prize of Excellence" at the Second International Print Exhibition in Lugano, Switzerland in 1952, and first prize at the São Paulo Bienal Exhibition in Brazil in 1955, followed by Grand Prix at the Venice Biennale in 1956, and the Order of Culture, the highest honor in the arts by the Japanese government in 1970.

## Early life

Munakata was born in the city of Aomori in Aomori Prefecture in northern Honshū as the third of 15 children to a local blacksmith. Due to the impoverished circumstances of his family, he had only an elementary school education; however, he exhibited a passion for art from early childhood. In third grade, he began illustrating kites for his classmates.

Munakata later claimed that his artistic endeavors were sparked by Vincent van Gogh's (1853–1890) *Still Life: Vase with Five Flowers*, a reproduction of which was given to him by his teacher when he was 17. Upon viewing of van Gogh's artwork, young Munakata decided that he wanted to become the “van Gogh of Aomori”. In 1924, Munakata moved to Tokyo in order to fulfill his decision to become a professional painter in oils.

Munakata's early career was not without obstacles. Unable to sell his paintings, he was forced to repair shoes and sell *nattō* part-time to survive. He was rejected by the *Bunten* (The Japan Art Academy Exhibition) four times, until one of his paintings was finally accepted in 1928. However, by this date, his attention had shifted away from oil painting to the traditional Japanese art of woodblock printing.

## The path towards woodblock prints

In 1926, Munakata saw Kawakami Sumio's black-and-white woodcut *Early Summer Breeze*, and decided to work on black-and-white prints. From 1928 onwards, Hiratsuka Unichi (1895–1997), another renowned *sōsaku-hanga* printmaker, taught Munakata wood carving. In 1929, four of his prints were accepted by the *Shunyokai* Exhibition, which bolstered his confidence in the new medium. In the following year, four more of his works were accepted for the *Kokugakai* national exhibition, thus establishing him in his career. His work was also part of the art competitions at the 1932 Summer Olympics and the 1936 Summer Olympics.

In 1935, Yanagi Sōetsu (1889–1961), father of the *mingei* (folk art) movement, saw Munakata's prints at the Kokugakai's annual spring exhibition, and bought twenty-five prints of *Yamato shi Uruwashi* by Munakata. This event changed Munakata's life. From then on Munakata was closely associated with the Japanese folk art movement. In 1936, Munakata went to Kyoto and visited many Buddhist temples and saw many sculptures. Munakata's exposure to Buddhist religious imagery influenced his artistic style significantly. *Ten Great Disciples of the Buddha* (1939) is considered to be his greatest masterpiece.

Munakata's house and most of his woodblocks were destroyed in the American firebombing of Tokyo in May 1945; his pet was also killed. He relocated to Fukumitsu Town, Toyama Prefecture from 1945-1951.

## Postwar period

After World War II, Munakata produced numerous woodblock prints, paintings in watercolor and oil, calligraphy, and illustrated books. He moved his studio to Kamakura in Kanagawa to be closer to Tokyo. He traveled overseas to the United States and Europe in 1959, giving lectures at a number of overseas universities. His works received critical acclaim both in Japan and overseas, and he received many prizes.

Munakata was awarded the "Prize of Excellence" at the Second International Print Exhibition in Lugano, Switzerland, in 1952, and first prize at the São Paulo Bienal Exhibition in Brazil in 1955, followed by Grand Prix at the Venice Biennale in 1956. He was awarded the Order of Culture, the highest honor in the arts, by the Japanese government in 1970.

Munakata died at his home in Tokyo. His grave is in Aomori, and his gravestone is patterned after that of Vincent van Gogh.

## Subject matter and technique

Munakata took many of his themes from the traditions of his native Aomori in northern Japan, including the local people's love of nature and folk festivals such as the Nebuta festival. Munakata's belief and philosophy were engrained in Shin Buddhism. His prints feature images of floating nude females representing Shinto *kami* that inhabit trees and plants. Inspired by poetry of the Heian period, Munakata also incorporated poetry and calligraphy into his prints.

This extremely shortsighted artist brought his face almost into contact with the wood when he carved. In his words, “the mind goes and the tool walks alone”. Munakata carved with amazing speed and scarcely used any preparatory sketches, producing spontaneous vitality that is unique to his prints. During the early stage of his career, Munakata worked exclusively on black-and-white prints. Later on, upon the advice of Yanagi Sōetsu (1889–1961), Munakata colored his prints from the back, a technique called *urazaishiki*.

## Munakata's philosophy on woodblock prints

Unlike Kōshirō Onchi (1891–1955), father of the *sōsaku-hanga* movement, who advocated artists’ expression of the "self" in creating prints, Munakata disclaimed all responsibilities as creator of art. For Munakata, artistic creation is one but many of the manifestations of nature's force and beauty, which is inherent in the woodblock itself. Munakata called prints *itaga* instead of *hanga*, emphasizing the material instead of the process of printing. (written in the same kanji, *han* refers to the process of printing, whereas *ita* refers to the woodblock itself). In Munakata's words, "the essence of *hanga* lies in the fact that one must give in to the ways of the board ... there is a power in the board, and one cannot force the tool against that power." Munakata's subject matter and artistic style are very much characterized by his philosophy on the supremacy of the woodblock material and nature's inherent force and beauty.

## Quotations of Shiko Munakata

"Like the vastness of space, like a universe unlimited, untold, unattainable, and inscrutable- that is the woodcut."

"The nature of the woodcut is such, that even a mistake in its carving will not prevent it from its true materialization."

"The concern that it be ugly is characteristic of human thoughts and not of the woodcut itself."

"It is inherent in the woodcut that it can never be ugly"

"The woodcut, unconcerned with good and evil, with ideas, with differences, tells us that it consists of truth alone,"

"It is precisely the beauty of this \<way\> which will further enlarge the limitlessness of the world of beauty."

(from Shiko Munakata, *Munakata: the “Way” of the Woodcut*, Brooklyn, Pratt Adlib Press, 1961).

## Philately

One of Munakata’s works, “Benzaiten”, appeared on a 1982 commemorative postage stamp issued by the Japanese government as part of a series on modern Japanese art.

## Further reading

* Castile, Rand. *Shiko Munakata (1903–1973): Works on Paper*. New York: Japan Society, 1982. ISBN 0-913304-14-X
* Kawai, Masatomo. Munakata Shiko: Japanese Master of the Modern Print. Art Media Resources (2002). ISBN 1-58886-021-3
* Munakata, Shiko. *Munakata: the “Way” of the Woodcut*. Brooklyn, Pratt Adlib Press, 1961. ASIN: B0006AY8HK
* Singer, Robert T. and Nobuho, Kakeya. *Munakata Shiko: Japanese Master of the Modern Print*. Philadelphia and Los Angeles: Philadelphia Museum of Art and Los Angeles County Museum of Art, 2002. ISBN 1-58886-021-3
* Yanagi, Sori. *The Woodblock and the Artist: the Life and Work of Shiko Munakata*. Tokyo, New York: Kodansha International, 1991. ISBN 4-7700-1612-3

## InfoBox

| Munakata Shikō | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | Munakata Shikō
September 5, 1903
Aomori, Japan |
| Died | 13 September 1975(1975-09-13) (aged 72)
Tokyo, Japan |
| Nationality | Japanese |
| Known for | Painter, Printmaker |
| Notable work | *Ten Great Disciples of the Buddha* |
| Movement | sōsaku-hanga, folk arts movement |
| Awards | Order of Culture, many others |


title: Sher Singh Attariwalla

abstract: Raja Sher Singh Attariwala, OBI was a military commander and a member of the Sikh nobility during the Sikh Empire in the mid-19th century in Punjab, and later served under the British during the Revolt of 1857.

text:
# Sher Singh Attariwalla

**Raja Sher Singh Attariwala,** OBI was a military commander and a member of the Sikh nobility during the Sikh Empire in the mid-19th century in Punjab, and later served under the British during the Revolt of 1857.

## Life

He commanded the Sikh Khalsa Army in the Second Anglo-Sikh war against the British East India Company. His father was General Chattar Singh Attariwalla. General Sher Singh and the army, under his command, fought against the British at the battle of Chillianwala. Under his command the Sikh Khalsa Army managed to successfully defend its position against numerous British assaults. Both armies retreated after the battle, with both sides claiming victory. The Sikhs suffered 4,000 casualties during the battle, and it was one of the hardest battles fought by the British in India. The loss of British prestige at Chillianwala was one of the factors that contributed to the Indian Rebellion of 1857 some nine years later.

With the British victory over the Sikhs during the war, Sher Singh Attariwalla was forced into exile from Punjab. The British feared that such a powerful leader could reignite a full-scale war with them. Sher Singh was in exile, at Benares, away from his Punjabi homeland. He was then called to serve with the British to put down the Indian Rebellion of 1857 in Delhi against the Mughals. Successful in his task ,he was given the title of Sardar Bahadur, a diamond encrusted tapestry from Bahadur Shah Zafar's treasury and the Order of British India. He also visited England and a received letter from Queen Victoria I stating that his descendants would get preferential treatment from British authorities.


title: Shaw Park, Clayton

abstract: Shaw Park is a 30-acre park in Clayton, Missouri, a near suburb of St. Louis. The city's largest and oldest park, it is bordered by Forsyth Boulevard and Forest Park Parkway on the north and south, and Interstate 170 and Forsyth Boulevard on the west and east. The park is west of St. Louis County District Courthouse and adjacent to Clayton High School. Shaw Park was founded in 1935 under Mayor Charles A. Shaw. The park was dedicated in 1937 and cost $280,000, with $30,000 coming from the city of Clayton and the rest coming from the federal government. Shaw Park has an Olympic-sized swimming pool, 11 tennis courts, a baseball and soccer field, volleyball courts, handball courts, a sensory garden, a trail, a playground, and multiple pavilions. It hosts the annual St. Louis Art Fair and Taste of Clayton events.

text:
# Shaw Park, Clayton

**Shaw Park** is a 30-acre park in Clayton, Missouri, a near suburb of St. Louis. The city's largest and oldest park, it is bordered by Forsyth Boulevard and Forest Park Parkway on the north and south, and Interstate 170 and Forsyth Boulevard on the west and east. The park is west of St. Louis County District Courthouse and adjacent to Clayton High School.

Shaw Park was founded in 1935 under Mayor Charles A. Shaw. The park was dedicated in 1937 and cost $280,000, with $30,000 coming from the city of Clayton and the rest coming from the federal government.

Shaw Park has an Olympic-sized swimming pool, 11 tennis courts, a baseball and soccer field, volleyball courts, handball courts, a sensory garden, a trail, a playground, and multiple pavilions.

It hosts the annual St. Louis Art Fair and Taste of Clayton events.

## InfoBox

| Shaw Park | |
| --- | --- |
| Shaw Park, Clayton | |
|  | |
| Location | Clayton, MO |
| Coordinates | 38°38′53″N 90°20′42″W / 38.648°N 90.345°W / 38.648; -90.345 |
| Area | 30 acres |
| Created | 1935 |
| Public transit access | MetroBus |


title: Shippei

abstract: shippei A shippei is a bamboo staff which curves slightly, approximately 15 inches long, which is used as a "symbol of a Zen master's authority" in Zen Buddhism. In contrast to the keisaku, the shippei was often used as a disciplinary measure for meditating monks. It can often be found at the side of a Zen master in a zendo and is also "one of seven items that make up a Zen monk's equipment." It is fashioned out of two pieces of bamboo that are shaped into the form of a spatula, wound with rattan, and lacquered. Sometimes curved in the shape of an S, the shippei may be elaborately decorated with a silk cord or have carvings. It is still "sometimes employed to hit monks".

text:
# Shippei

A ***shippei*** (竹箆, 竹篦) is a bamboo staff which curves slightly, approximately 15 inches (or half a metre) long, which is used as a "symbol of a Zen master's authority" in Zen Buddhism. In contrast to the *keisaku*, the shippei was often used as a disciplinary measure for meditating monks. It can often be found at the side of a Zen master in a zendo and is also "one of seven items that make up a Zen monk's equipment." It is fashioned out of two pieces of bamboo that are shaped into the form of a spatula (or short bow), wound with rattan, and lacquered.

Sometimes curved in the shape of an S, the shippei may be elaborately decorated with a silk cord or have carvings. It is still "sometimes employed to hit monks".

## Explanatory notes

Citations  1. Senzaki (2008), p. 185.
2. Iwanami Kōjien (広辞苑) Japanese dictionary, 4th Edition (1991), DVD version
3. Koun, 205-206
4. Baroni, 300
5. Hakuin, Ekaku (2010) \[1999\]. *Wild Ivy: The Spiritual Autobiography of Zen Master Hakuin*. Norman Waddell (tr.). Shambhala Publications. p. 126, n15. ISBN 978-0834823198.
6. Hori, 701-702
Bibliography


title: Shippegan Parish, New Brunswick

abstract: Shippegan is a geographic parish in Gloucester County, New Brunswick, Canada. Located in the northeastern corner of the province at the end of the Acadian Peninsula, the parish consists of the three main islands of Taylor, Lamèque, and Miscou, along with several smaller islands and tidal wetlands; Taylor Island is now joined to the mainland by an isthmus, which is crossed by a causeway. Extensive wetlands lead to a peat moss industry; more recently Spanish multinational Acciona has built a wind farm operation on Lamèque Island. Kiteboarding has been a successful tourist attraction. For governance purposes, the parish is divided between the towns of Île-de-Lamèque and Shippagan and the Acadian Peninsula rural district, corresponding to the three main islands and the small islands near them; all three are members of the Acadian Peninsula Regional Service Commission. Prior to the 2023 governance reform, Shippegan had more governance divisions than any other parish in the province, with two towns, two villages, and fourteen local service districts (LSDs), one of which had a named area with enhanced services.

text:
# Shippegan Parish, New Brunswick

**Shippegan** (incorrectly *Shippagan* from the French colloquial spelling) is a geographic parish in Gloucester County, New Brunswick, Canada. Located in the northeastern corner of the province at the end of the Acadian Peninsula, the parish consists of the three main islands of Taylor, Lamèque, and Miscou, along with several smaller islands and tidal wetlands; Taylor Island is now joined to the mainland by an isthmus, which is crossed by a causeway.

Extensive wetlands lead to a peat moss industry; more recently Spanish multinational Acciona has built a wind farm operation on Lamèque Island. Kiteboarding has been a successful tourist attraction.

For governance purposes, the parish is divided between the towns of Île-de-Lamèque and Shippagan and the Acadian Peninsula rural district, corresponding to the three main islands and the small islands near them; all three are members of the Acadian Peninsula Regional Service Commission.

Prior to the 2023 governance reform, Shippegan had more governance divisions than any other parish in the province, with two towns, two villages, and fourteen local service districts (LSDs), one of which had a named area with enhanced services.

## Origin of name

The parish takes its name from Shippegan Island, a name formerly used for Lamèque Island. The island's name comes from the Mi'kmaq name *Sepaguncheech*, translated by Silas Tertius Rand as a passage used by ducks, a name which originally applied only to Shippegan Harbour.

## History

Shippegan was erected in 1851 from Caraquet Parish.

## Boundaries

Shippegan Parish is bounded:

## Former governance

The four municipalities and fourteen LSDs gave Shippegan more governance units than any other parish in the province; only two of the LSDs contained more than one community. The former towns and villages of **Shippagan**, **Lamèque**, **Le Goulet**, and **Sainte-Marie-Saint-Raphaël** each have their own articles; only the former LSDs are detailed here. All LSDs assessed for the additional services of Community & Recreation Services, while only the parish of Shippegan did not have street lighting. Italics indicate local service districts that were dissolved or incorporated before 2023.

LSDs are grouped geographically for convenience; street number boundaries and taxation information are taken from Service New Brunswick.

**The parish of Shippegan** (French *la paroisse de Shippegan*) contained all the leftovers of the parish, the areas not part of a municipality or another LSD. Established in 1968, most of the LSD's population lives in the **Pointe Brûlée** (*Pointe-Brûlée*) service area, containing the community of **Pointe-Brûlé**, is in the northwestern corner of Taylor Island, west of Shippagan and north of Haut-Shippagan; the taxing authorities are Pointe-Brûlé and Par. de Shippegan. The remainder of the LSD is mostly wetlands on Taylor and Lamèque Islands, along with Île à William in Saint-Simon-Sud Bay. The various portions of the parish LSD were divided between the two towns and the rural district by geographical location, with Île à William becoming part of Shippagan.

**Miscou Island** (*île de Miscou*) comprised the entire island; the nearby Île au Trésor and Grass Island were taxed as part of this LSD. The LSD was established in 1980 to provide garbage collection. Most communities are along Route 113 on the western side of the island: (from south to north) **Miscou Harbour**, **Miscou Centre**, **Grande-Plaine**, and **Miscou Lighthouse**; **Wilson Point** is in the southeastern corner of the island at the end of Wilson Point Road. The island and barrier islands between it and Lamèque now form the Acadian Peninsula rural district.

*On Taylor Island:*

**Pointe-Sauvage (Indian Island)** comprised the land grants along Pointe-Sauvage Road between Shippagan and Le Goulet. It was established in 1974 to provide street lighting.

**Baie du Petit Pokemouche** ran along the Petit-Pokemouche Road between Le Goulet and Shippagan and also included Marcel Road and Élie Lane along the shore. Established in 1980 to provide street lighting; the taxing authority was Baie du Petit-Pokemouche. The Lanteigne seafood factory here was destroyed by fire in 2013.

**Haut-Shippagan** contained the wetlands along the former western border of Shippagan and developed areas along the Haut-Shippagan and des Huîtres Roads. Established in 1988. The former Shippagan Provincial Park in the northwestern corner of the LSD.

*On Lamèque Island, going clockwise from Lamèque:*

**Pointe-Alexandre** contained the peninsula between Petite-Lamèque Bay and the mouth of Jean-Marie Brook, along with grants along the northern side of the brook; the northern border on Route 313 was south of Rue du Pont. Established in 1987 as service area of the parish LSD to add street lighting to the area, it became an LSD in its own right in 1989 when garbage collection was added.

**Petite-Lamèque** along the coast ran from Petite-Lamèque Bay to the Pointe-Canot Barachois, with the southern side of Allée de la Pré and Allée des Vacanciers forming parts of its northern border; inland it ran from Rue du Pont and up along Chemin du Portage to numbers 581 and 584, as well as fields east of Portage. Established in 1970 to provide street lighting. Originally extending only as far north as Rue Guignard, it was enlarged in 1987 to include the strip north along Portage.

**Pointe-Canot** running north along Route 313 from Allée de la Pré to nos. 7206 and 7211, it contained small developments and beach lots stretching from Allée des Vacanciers in the south to Allée de la Grande Bature in the north. Established in 1987 from the southern part of Ste. Cecile along Route 313, to provide for recreational facilities.

**Ste. Cecile** (*Ste-Cécile*) contained the northwestern part of Lamèque Island, running along Route 313 from north of Grande Bature to the western bank of Campbells River, extending inland to include several land grants that now host wind turbines. The communities of **Sainte-Cécile**, **Petite-Rivière-de-l'Île**, and **Petit-Shippagan** run clockwise from the southern border along Route 313. Established in 1972 to provide street lighting, it originally included Pointe-Canot and the northern part of Petite-Lamèque, which were removed in 1987; the taxing authority is Saint-Cécile. The Lamèque International Baroque Music Festival has most of its concerts at Sainte-Cécile Church in Petite-Rivière-de-l'Île.

**Coteau Road** (*Chemin Coteau*) contained grants along Coteau Road, Route 310 from Lamèque to its end at Route 305, a short stretch of Route 305 south of its junction with Route 310, inland grants south of Grand-Ruisseau Road, along the eastern bank of Campbells River, surrounding Peat Moss Lease 13, and south of Route 310 between Lamèque and Sainte-Marie-Saint-Raphaël. Established in 1987 to provide garbage collection. It was originally part of Pigeon Hill-Coteau Road.

**Pigeon Hill** included the northeastern corner of the island, from the grants along the beach on the southern shore of Miscou Harbour, around Pointe à Baleine and south along Route 305 nearly to Grand Étang, also included some interior grants along or near Grand Ruisseau Road. Established in 1987 to provide garbage collection. Originally part of Pigeon Hill-Coteau Road.

**Cap-Bateau** (*Cap-Bâteau*) comprised coastal land grants south from Grand Étang to the edge of Sainte-Marie-Saint-Raphaël, as well as a second tier of grants north of SMSR. It was established in 1987. Originally most of Cap-Bateau was part of St. Raphael sur-Mer until most of that was incorporated as a village in 1986, when the remainder was returned to the parish LSD.

**Haut-Lamèque** was between the boundaries of Lamèque and SMSR for most of its length, with grants along Route 305 on the southwestern corner of SMSR and along Route 113 as far south as no. 5096. Established in 1977 to provide street lighting, it included four grants at the western end of Rue Saint-Raphaël Ouest until 1986.

**Chiasson-Savoy** was in the southeastern corner of the island, separated from SMSR and Haut-Lamèque by a large wetland area and a sparsely populated stretch of Route 113. Comprising mainly grants between Shippegan Harbour and the interior wetlands, the LSD included the communities of **Savoy Landing** in the west and **Chiasson** (the 911 system uses Chiasson Office) in the east. Established in 1970 to provide street lighting. Several small grants at the eastern end of Chiasson Road were of uncertain status - they were taxed as part of Chiasson-Savoy but were outside the legal boundaries; and were shown as part of the parish LSD in official maps for two governance reform projects in the parish.

***LeGoulet*** was the first LSD in the parish, containing modern Le Goulet and a small part of Baie-du-Petit-Pokemouche. It was established in 1967 and became a village in 1986.

***Portage-de-Shippegan*** (*Portage de Shippagan*) was along Route 113 on the southern edge of Shippigan. It was established in 1979 to provide street lighting and annexed by Shippagan in 2001 to expand its industrial park.

***Pigeon Hill-Coteau Road*** contained much of the two modern LSDs but did not contain the areas along Miscou Harbour, grants west of Coteau Road and Route 310, or several grants south of Route 310 in modern Coteau Road. It was established in 1971 and split into two new LSDs in 1987, both with new areas added.

***St. Raphael sur-Mer*** contained most of Sainte-Marie-Saint-Raphaël and Cap-Bateau, with small interior areas of the modern village and LSD not included. It was established in 1970 and most became a village as SMSR in 1986.

## Bodies of water

Bodies of water at least partly within the parish.

* Campbells River
* Herring Creek
* Landrys River
* Chaleur Bay
* Gulf of St. Lawrence
* Miscou Harbour
* MacGregors Mal Bay
* Queue of Mal Bay
* Windsors Mal Bay
* Barachois de Pointe-Canot
* Miscou Gully
* Shippegan Gully
* more than 20 officially named lakes
* Baie de Shippegan
    + Baie Brûlé
    + Baie aux Caribous
    + Baie de Lamèque
    + Baie de Petite-Lamèque
    + Baie Saint-Simon-Nord
    + Baie Saint-Simon-Sud

## Islands

Islands at least partly within the parish.

## Conservation areas

Parks, historic sites, and related entities at least partly within the parish.

* **Miscou Provincial Park** surrounds Miscou Island Lighthouse at the end of Route 113 in the northeastern corner of the island.
* **Miscou Grande Plaine** Protected Natural Area is near the northwestern corner of the island; the southeastern corner of the PNA runs along Vibert Road.

## Demographics

Parish population total does not include incorporated municipalities

1. "Census Profile". *Statistics Canada*. 26 October 2022. Retrieved 30 October 2022.
2. "Chapter T-3 Territorial Division Act". Government of New Brunswick. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
3. "Chapter I-13 Interpretation Act". Government of New Brunswick. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
4. The Territorial Division Act divides the province into 152 parishes, the cities of Saint John and Fredericton, and one town of Grand Falls. The Interpretation Act clarifies that parishes include any local government within their borders.
5. "The New Brunswick Peat Industry, 2020" (PDF). *Government of New Brunswick*. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
6. "Laméque Wind Farm". *Acciona Canada*. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
7. Savoie, Jessica (9 July 2014). "La passion du kiteboarding pour petits et grands sur l'île Lamèque". *L'Acadie Nouvelle* (in French). Retrieved 18 July 2021.
8. "Acadian Peninsula Regional Service Commission: RSC 4". *Government of New Brunswick*. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
9. "Acadian Peninsula Regional Service Commission: RD 4". *Government of New Brunswick*. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
10. "Regions Regulation – Regional Service Delivery Act". *Government of New Brunswick*. 21 July 2022. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
11. Ganong, William F. (1896). *A Monograph of the Place-Nomenclature of the Province of New Brunswick*. Royal Society of Canada. pp. 272–273. Retrieved 17 March 2021.
12. "14 Vic. Local Acts c. 1 An Act for erecting the Parish of Caraquet, in the County of Gloucester, into two separate Parishes.". *Acts of the General Assembly of Her Majesty's Province of New Brunswick, Passed in the Year 1851*. Fredericton: Government of New Brunswick. 1851. p. 1. Retrieved 27 March 2021. Local Acts have their own page numbering and follow page 56.
13. "No. 19". *Provincial Archives of New Brunswick*. Department of Natural Resources and Energy Development. Retrieved 8 June 2021.
14. "005" (PDF). *Transportation and Infrastructure*. Government of New Brunswick. Retrieved 8 June 2021. Remainder of parish on mapbooks 018, 036, 037, 056, 057, and 076 at same site.
15. "Historical Magnetic Declination". *National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration*. Retrieved 14 March 2021.
16. "Chapter 227 Territorial Division Act". *The Revised Statutes of New Brunswick 1952 Volume III*. Fredericton: Government of New Brunswick. 1952. pp. 3725–3771.
17. "Île Lamèque (Formerly Shippigan Island / Shippegan Island)". *Geographical names in Canada*. Natural Resources Canada. Retrieved 14 March 2021.
18. "Taylor Island". *Geographical names in Canada*. Natural Resources Canada. Retrieved 14 March 2021.
19. "Île à William (Formerly Bandy Island / Sandy Island)". *Geographical names in Canada*. Natural Resources Canada. Retrieved 14 March 2021.
20. "2021 Local Government Statistics for New Brunswick" (PDF). *Government of New Brunswick*. 2021. pp. 57–58. Retrieved 16 July 2021.
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32. "Regulation 87-43 under the Municipalities Act (O.C. 279)". *The Royal Gazette*. **145**. Fredericton: The Queen's Printer: 565. 6 May 1987.
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47°51′18″N 64°37′12″W / 47.85500°N 64.62000°W / 47.85500; -64.62000 (Shippegan Parish, New Brunswick)

## InfoBox

| Shippegan Shippagan | |
| --- | --- |
| Parish | |
| Location within Gloucester County, New Brunswick | |
| Coordinates: 47°51′18″N 64°37′12″W / 47.855°N 64.62°W / 47.855; -64.62 | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | New Brunswick |
| County | Gloucester |
| Erected | 1851 |
| Area | |
| Land | 204.52 km2 (78.97 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | |
| Total | 4,781 |
| Density | 23.4/km2 (61/sq mi) |
| Change 2016-2021 | 0.4% |
| Dwellings | 2,663 |
| Time zone | UTC-4 (AST) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-3 (ADT) |
| Figures do not include portions within the towns of Lamèque and Shippagan and the villages of Le Goulet and Sainte-Marie-Saint-Raphaël | |


title: Sheelavathi

abstract: Sheelavathi is a 1967 Indian Malayalam film, directed by P. B. Unni. The film stars Sathyan, K. R. Vijaya, P. J. Antony and Sankaradi in the lead roles. The film had musical score by G. Devarajan.

text:
# Sheelavathi

***Sheelavathi*** is a 1967 Indian Malayalam film, directed by P. B. Unni. The film stars Sathyan, K. R. Vijaya, P. J. Antony and Sankaradi in the lead roles. The film had musical score by G. Devarajan.

## Cast

## Soundtrack

The music was composed by G. Devarajan and the lyrics were written by P. Bhaskaran.

| No. | Song | Singers | Lyrics | Length (m:ss) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | "Chirichukondodi" | K. J. Yesudas | P. Bhaskaran |  |
| 2 | "Kaarthika Manideepa" | S. Janaki, P. Jayachandran, Chorus | P. Bhaskaran |  |
| 3 | "Maheshwari" | P. Susheela | P. Bhaskaran |  |
| 4 | "Mathi Mathi Janani" | P. Susheela | P. Bhaskaran |  |
| 5 | "Muttathu Prathyoosha" | S. Janaki | P. Bhaskaran |  |
| 6 | "Surabheemaasam" | S. Janaki, Chorus | P. Bhaskaran |  |
| 7 | "Uthareeyam" | S. Janaki | P. Bhaskaran |  |
| 8 | "Valkkalamooriya" | K. J. Yesudas, P. Susheela | P. Bhaskaran |  |
| 9 | "Vanee Varavanee" | K. J. Yesudas, P. B. Sreenivas, G. Devarajan | P. Bhaskaran |  |

## InfoBox

| Sheelavathi | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | P. B. Unni |
| Screenplay by | P. J. Antony |
| Starring | Sathyan
K. R. Vijaya
P. J. Antony
Sankaradi |
| Cinematography | Pachu |
| Edited by | G. Venkittaraman |
| Music by | G. Devarajan |
| Production
company | Aeris Films |
| Distributed by | Aeris Films |
| Release date | * 3 March 1967 (1967-03-03) |
| Country | India |
| Language | Malayalam |


title: Shikishima-class patrol vessel

abstract: Shikishima-class patrol vessel The Shikishima-class patrol vessel is a class of PLH type patrol vessels of the Japan Coast Guard. In the official classification, Shikishima and Akitsushima are treated as the only ships in their classes, respectively; and Reimei is treated as the lead ship of her class. The Shikishima class was once the world's largest coast guard vessel until it was surpassed by the Chinese Zhaotou-class patrol cutter in 2015.

text:
# Shikishima-class patrol vessel

The ***Shikishima*-class patrol vessel** (しきしま級巡視船, *Shikishima-kyū-junnshi-senn*) is a class of PLH type patrol vessels of the Japan Coast Guard (JCG; former Maritime Safety Agency, MSA). In the official classification, *Shikishima* and *Akitsushima* are treated as the only ships in their classes, respectively; and *Reimei* is treated as the lead ship of her class. The *Shikishima* class was once the world's largest coast guard vessel until it was surpassed by the Chinese Zhaotou-class patrol cutter in 2015.

## Backgrounds

Spent nuclear fuel generated at the nuclear power plants in Japan has been processed at nuclear reprocessing plants in Britain and France, into plutonium and radioactive waste. Then, according to the plan of power generation with the MOX fuel, the Government of Japan decided to transport this plutonium back to Japan.

In the first transportation from France in 1984, armed JMSA officers were on board the ship to counter maritime hijacking. A second transportation operation was planned in the early 1990s, but due to the revision of the Japan-U.S. Nuclear power agreement in 1988, it was requested to strengthen the security system and the JMSA was to escort with a special tactical team (one of the ancestors of the Special Security Team) and a patrol vessel. On existing patrol boats, however, it was difficult to complete an escort operation with no port of call. For this operation, the JMSA developed *Shikishima* under the FY 1989 program as an escort ship with a high endurance and enhanced surveillance capability.

Although the transportation of plutonium was not carried out thereafter, *Shikishima* has been valuable as a large offshore platform that can be used for various security matters and long-distance rescue. As construction cost was expensive, construction of sister ships was not realized easily, but in the 2000s, in order to emphasize countermeasures against the piracy problems of the Malacca Strait and the Somali coast, the Senkaku Islands issue, conservation of marine interests In response to the change, construction was considered again. In response, the second ship constructed in the 2010 fiscal year plan was *Akitsushima*.

## Design

Like preceding PLHs, they have a long forecastle, but its internal structure is strengthened that the level of vulnerability resistance is comparable to warship standard. Bulletproof of the bridge structure is pretty much taken into consideration, polycarbonate bulletproof glass is prepared inside the window, metal fittings for the ballistic board are also attached to the outer wall.

*Shikishima* is the only JCG vessel equipped with anti-air radar and Oerlikon 35 mm twin cannons to enhance anti-air capability whereas preceding patrol vessels have only surface-search and navigation radars and a single-mounted 35 mm or L/60 40 mm autocanon. And as a secondary weapon, two JM61 20 mm gun systems were set up. This system adopts the same rotary cannon as the conventional JM61-M, but it is remotely controlled with an optical director as opposed to JM61-M being manually trained and elevated. It derived from one of the PG-821-class guided-missile patrol boats of the JMSDF, and later, added as a standard equipment of the JCG as the JM61-RFS. In *Akitsushima*, L/70 40 mm autocanons are introduced in combination with Bofors Mk. 3 single-mounted turrets, instead of 35 mm twin cannons. In *Reimei*-class that followed, lighter Mk. 4 turrets are introduced.

Aviation facilities have also been enhanced. In *Shikishima*, two Eurocopter AS332 Super Puma helicopters are deployed as the shipboard helicopters, whereas the conventional PLHs are equipped with smaller Bell 212. The air facilities of *Akitsushima* are further expanded to operate an even larger EC225LP, which is also followed by the *Reimei*-class.

## In service

At present, she is frequently sent on long cruises to Southeast Asia to foster international cooperation against piracy in the Strait of Malacca. She is also assigned to the policing mission of Senkaku Islands because of her cruising capability.

In 2015, during the Emperor's and Empress's visit (行幸啓, *Gyōkōkei*) to Palau, *Akitsushima* was used as an accommodation ship. Slopes and handrails were set up so that both elderly Majesties could get on board comfortably.

Due to the increased activities of the China Coast Guard and the introduction of the Zhaotou class, the Japan Coast Guard procured three additional *Shikishima*-class vessels between 2016 and 2018 due to the need to "strengthen security around the Senkaku islands".

## Ships in the class

| Hull no. | Name | Laid down | Launched | Commissioned | Homeport |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| PLH 31 | *Shikishima* | August 24, 1990 | June 27, 1991 | April 8, 1992 | Kagoshima |
| PLH 32 | *Akitsushima* | May 10, 2011 | July 4, 2012 | November 28, 2013 | Yokohama |
| PLH 33 | *Reimei* | June 7, 2017 | March 8, 2019 | February 19, 2020 | Kagoshima |
| PLH 34 | *Akatsuki* | February 16, 2018 | April 10, 2020 | February 16, 2021 | Kagoshima |
| PLH 35 | *Asazuki* | February 25, 2019 | December 15, 2020 | November 12, 2021 |  |
|

### Bibliography

* Asanaga, Youichirou; Ōtsuka, Yukitaka (1995). *海上保安庁 船艇と航空* \[*Maritime Safety Agency - Its Vessels and Aviation*\] (in Japanese). Seizando-shoten Publishing. ISBN 4-425-77041-2.
* Henmi, Masakazu (December 2001). "PLH building program and its background". *Ships of the World* (in Japanese) (590). Kaijin-sha: 141–145. NAID 40002156215.
* Ishibashi, Mikio (July 2012). "Japan Coast Guard PLH Fleet in future". *Ships of the World* (in Japanese) (762). Kaijin-sha: 128–133. NAID 40019332994.
* Kaijin-sha, ed. (July 2004). "Looking at World's largest patrol ship Shikishima". *Ships of the World* (in Japanese) (628). Kaijin-sha: 6–9. NAID 40006239088.
* Kaijin-sha, ed. (February 2014). "New PLH Akitsushima completed". *Ships of the World* (in Japanese) (792). Kaijin-sha: 62–65. NAID 40020105520.
* Kaijin-sha, ed. (October 2020). "Ships of Japan Coast Guard - Patrol Vessels". *Ships of the World* (in Japanese) (933). Kaijin-sha: 39–90. NAID 40022358584.
* Nakanomyo, Masami (November 2015). "History of shipboard guns on JCG's patrol vessels". *Ships of the World* (in Japanese) (825). Kaijin-sha: 168–173. NAID 40020597434.
* Wertheim, Eric (2013). *The Naval Institute Guide to Combat Fleets of the World* (16th ed.). Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-1591149545.

## InfoBox

| *Akitsushima* | |
| --- | --- |
| Class overview | |
| Name | *Shikishima*-class large patrol vessel |
| Builders | Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries |
| Operators |  |
| Preceded by | *Mizuho* class |
| Succeeded by | *Shunkō* class |
| Subclasses | * *Shikishima* * *Akitsushima* * *Reimei* class |
| Planned | 5 |
| Building | 0 |
| Completed | 5 |
| Active | 5 |
| General characteristics of *Shikishima* | |
| Type | PLH (Patrol vessel Large with Helicopter) |
| Tonnage | 6,500 GT |
| Displacement | 9,300 tons (full load) |
| Length | 150.0 m (492 ft 2 in) |
| Beam | 16.5 m (54 ft 2 in) |
| Draft | 9.0 m (29 ft 6 in) |
| Propulsion |  |
| Speed | 25 knots (46 km/h; 29 mph) |
| Range | 20,000 nmi (37,000 km; 23,000 mi) |
| Sensors and <br>processing systems | * OPS-14 2D Air search * MS 1596 navigation radar * JMA 8303 surface search radar |
| Armament |  |
| Aircraft carried | 2 × Eurocopter AS332 |


title: Shel Brodsgaard

abstract: Shel Brodsgaard is a Canadian former professional goalkeeper.

text:
# Shel Brodsgaard

**Shel Brodsgaard** (born May 29, 1970) is a Canadian former professional goalkeeper.

## Early life

Brodsgaard began playing soccer with the Gorge Youth Soccer Association and represented British Columbia at U16 and U18 Provincial All-Star levels.

## Club career

He signed his first professional contract at age 15, with the Edmonton Brick Men of the Canadian Soccer League. He later played with the Victoria Vistas, Nova Scotia Clippers, and North York Rockets. He also played with the Tacoma Stars of the Major Indoor Soccer League. He also played for the Winnipeg Fury and Danish side Hvidovre IF. Prior to joining the Rockets, he had a trial with Danish club Boldklubben 1909.

## International career

He made one appearance for the Canadian national team. He was a member of the 1992 Canadian Olympic Qualifying team, but did not make an appearance. He won a gold medal at the 1989 Jeux de la Francophonie.

## Coaching career

He has served as the Goalkeeper Coach for the Canada women's national soccer team as well as the women's youth teams from 2000 to 2006. He became Canada's National Goalkeeping Coach in 2004.

As an assistant coach, with the Simon Fraser University women's team, he won the 2001 NAIA championship.

In 2019, he had the opportunity to be a guest coach and learn from the Olympique Lyonnais women's team coaches.

He currently serves as the Technical Director for the Upper Island Riptide Soccer Association.

## Personal

He graduated from the University of Victoria. He is the author of two books: *Guarding the Goal* and *Goals and Dreams: A Celebration of Canadian Women's Soccer*.

## InfoBox

Shel Brodsgaard
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1970-05-29) May 29, 1970 | | |
| Place of birth | Victoria, British Columbia, Canada | | |
| Position(s) | Goalkeeper | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1987 | Edmonton Brick Men | 0 | (0) |
| 1989–1990 | Victoria Vistas | 23 | (0) |
| 1990–1991 | Tacoma Stars (indoor) | 1 | (0) |
| 1991 | Nova Scotia Clippers | 27 | (0) |
| 1992 | North York Rockets | 11 | (0) |
|  | Winnipeg Fury |  | (0) |
|  | Hvidovre IF |  | (0) |
| International career | | | |
| 1989 | Canada | 1 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Uc de Saint Circ

abstract: Uc de Saint Circ or Hugues (Hugh) de Saint Circq was a troubadour from Quercy. Uc is perhaps most significant to modern historians as the probable author of several vidas and razos of other troubadours, though only one of Bernart de Ventadorn exists under his name. Forty-four of his songs, including fifteen cansos and only three canso melodies, have survived, along with a didactic manual entitled Ensenhamen d'onor. According to William E. Burgwinkle, as "poet, biographer, literary historian, and mythographer, Uc must be accorded his rightful place as the 'inventor' (trobador) of 'troubadour poetry' and the idealogical trappings with which it came to be associated." Uc is probably to be identified with the Uc Faidit who authored the Donatz proensals, one of the earliest Occitan grammars. This identity fits with Uc's status as the "inventor" of troubadour poetry as a distinct type and his life in Italy.

text:
# Uc de Saint Circ

**Uc de Saint Circ** (**San Sir**) or **Hugues** (Hugh) **de Saint Circq** (fl. 12171253) was a troubadour from Quercy. Uc is perhaps most significant to modern historians as the probable author of several *vidas* and *razos* of other troubadours, though only one of Bernart de Ventadorn exists under his name. Forty-four of his songs, including fifteen *cansos* and only three *canso* melodies, have survived, along with a didactic manual entitled *Ensenhamen d'onor*. According to William E. Burgwinkle, as "poet, biographer, literary historian, and mythographer, Uc must be accorded his rightful place as the 'inventor' (trobador) of 'troubadour poetry' and the idealogical trappings with which it came to be associated."

Uc is probably to be identified with the **Uc Faidit** (meaning "exiled" or "dispossessed") who authored the *Donatz proensals*, one of the earliest Occitan grammars. This identity fits with Uc's status as the "inventor" of troubadour poetry as a distinct type and his life in Italy (possibly due to exile during the Albigensian Crusade).

## Biography

Uc was born in the town of Thégra to a minor nobleman, Arman, lord of Saint-Circ-d'Alzon, a village which no longer exists but was in the vicinity of Rocamadour. According to Uc's *vida*, the castle of Saint-Circ lay "at the foot of" (*al pe de*) the church of Sainta-Maria de Rocamadour, which is atop a cliff overlooking the Alzon river valley and was destroyed by war in Uc's time. Furthermore, according to his *vida*, Uc's many older brothers sent him off to receive a clerical education in Montpellier. At Montpellier he learned to read and write and discovered "songs and poems and *sirventes* and *tensos* and couplets and the deeds and the sayings of the worthy men and the worthy women who were living or had lived in the world." It was through this education that he became a minstrel (jongleur).

Uc's gained fame through the *coblas* and *partimens* he exchanged with the Count of Rodez, under whom he probably served in the Albigensian Crusade, and through the two *tensos* he exchanged with Raymond III of Turenne, brother of Maria de Ventadorn. He also had contact with Dalfi d'Alvernha, to whom he addressed one poem. According to his *vida*, he went into Gascony, where he wandered around on footoccasionally on horsepenniless. Eventually he gained settled down with Guillerma de Benauges, a countess and viscountess, who introduced him to Savaric de Mauleon, who in turn clothed and outfitted him.

According to his *vida*, he spent a considerable amount of time with Savaric in Poitou and the surrounding regions before heading into Catalonia and Aragon, where he was at the court of Peter II; Castile, where he attended that of Alfonso VIII; and finally León, where he was at that of Alfonso IX. Around 1220 he moved east into Provence, where his *vida* says he was "with all the barons", and into Lombardy and the March of Treviso (*marca Trevisana*). During his travels in Languedoc, Spain, Provence, and Italy he probably met many other troubadours. Eventually Uc is said to have settled down with a wife and children, after which he never composed songs. Uc's association, in Italy, with the da Romano and Malaspina families is evident in his surviving poetry. It lasted forty years while he was in Italy, where he was probably a Guelph.

## Poetry

According to one version of his *vida*, Uc *non fez gaires de las cansos* ("never accomplished much with his songs"), apparently because he was "never really in love with a lady". While the biographer commended his lyrical and melodic compositions, he probably regarded his fifteen *cansos* out of a total forty-four poems as unusually low. He was reputed to be able to feign love and to praise and belittle women with ease, but after his marriage his poetic output ceased.

Uc's poetry was influenced by his ecclesiastical education. As mentioned above, he wrote *cansos* and *tensos*, but also some *sirventes*. His work is in general pedantic and truculent. One of Uc's *sirventes*, which begins *Messonget, un sirventes*, acknowledges that it is *el son d'en Arnaut Plagues* ("the song of lord Arnaut Plagues"), an imitation of *Be volgra midons saubres* by Arnaut. Another of his *sirventes*, which begins as a "light" work with many textual affinities to at least four other troubadour works, but it ends as a political assault on Ezzelino III da Romano, the viceroy of the Emperor Frederick II in Italy: *Chanzos q'es leu per entendre*.

In *Un sirventes voill far*, Uc demonstrates a hatred of the emperor, accusing him, a "monster of heresy", of believing in neither immortality nor paradise. Furthermore, he intends to humiliate France and the Church and so the Crusade against him in Apulia is justified because *selh qu'en Dieu non cre non deu terra tener*: "he who does not believe in God should not reign".

Uc also composed a *danseta* in which the refrain was apparently repeated between the four stanzas.

## Prose

Late in his life, at the da Romano court, Uc became a representative of the academic prose style then coming into fashion. In this vein he composed a collection of *vidas* and *razos*. Most of these were written in Italy and the numerous historical errors they contain have been attribute to the time and distance between the lives and events they describe, for, judging by the Italianisms which had crept into Uc's vocabulary by the time they were written, he must have been in Italy a while before he began their composition. The *razos* have been dated to 12271230 and no post-1219 events are recorded in them. Uc's earliest attempt at biography, however, is the collection of *razos* of Bertran de Born, which were possibly penned in Languedoc or shortly after his arrival in northern Italy; in his later works he refers to the *razos* of Bertran as *l'autr'escrit*: "the other writings". The sole *vida* to contain a direct claim of authorship is that of Bernart de Ventadorn, which says: *Et ieu, N'Ucs de Saint Circ, de lui so qu'ieu ai escrit si me contet lo vescoms N'Ebles de Ventadorn* ("And I, Lord Uc of Saint Circ, have written about him \[Bernart\] what the viscount Lord Ebles of Ventadorn told me").

Among the *vidas* he is supposed to have written is one of Sordello, a troubadour at the court of Ezzelino III and Alberico da Romano. In it he presents what is probably the "official" court version of the kidnapping of Cunizza: that Ezzelino ordered him, who lived at the court of Cunizza's erstwhile husband, Rizzardo di San Bonifacio, to take her back to him. Uc wrote an exchange with Peire Guilhem de Luserna, an Italian troubadour, concerning Cunizza, in which Uc attacked her and Peire defended her.

## Sources

* Aubrey, Elizabeth. "References to Music in Old Occitan Literature." *Acta Musicologica*, **61**:2 (MayAug., 1989), pp. 110149.
* Aubrey, Elizabeth. *The Music of the Troubadours*. Indiana University Press, 1996. ISBN 0-253-21389-4.
* Bond, Gerald A. "The Last Unpublished Troubadour Songs." *Speculum*, **60**:4 (Oct., 1985), pp. 827849.
* Burgwinkle, William E. "For Love or Money: Uc de Saint-Circ and the Rhetoric of Exchange." *Romanic Review*, **84**:4 (1993:Nov.) pp. 347377.
* Burgwinkle, William E. "The *chansonniers* as books" (pp. 246262). *The Troubadours: An Introduction*. Simon Gaunt and Sarah Kay, edd. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999. ISBN 0-521-57473-0.
* Cabré, Miriam. "Italian and Catalan troubadours" (pp. 127140). *The Troubadours: An Introduction*. Simon Gaunt and Sarah Kay, edd. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999. ISBN 0-521-57473-0.
* Chambers, Frank M. "Imitation of Form in the Old Provençal Lyric." *Romance Philology*, 6 (1952/1953) pp. 104121.
* Egan, Margarita (ed. and trans.) *The Vidas of the Troubadours*. New York: Garland, 1984. ISBN 0-8240-9437-9.
* Gaunt, Simon, and Kay, Sarah. "Appendix I: Major Troubadours" (pp. 279291). *The Troubadours: An Introduction*. Simon Gaunt and Sarah Kay, edd. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999. ISBN 0-521-57473-0.
* Guida, Saverio. "Uc de Saint Circ e Clara d'Anduza". *Messana: Rassegna di studi filologici, linguistici e storici*, **4** (1990), pp. 16994.
* Guida, Saverio. "L'attività biografica di Uc de Saint Circ a Treviso". *Il Medioevo nella Marca: trovatori, giullari, letterati a Treviso nei secoli XIII e XIV*. Treviso: 1991, pp. 91114.
* Guida, Saverio. "Uc de Saint Circ usuraio ed eretico?" *Cultura Neolatina*, **54** (1994), pp. 16998.
* Guida, Saverio. *Primi approcci a Uc de Saint Circ*. Soveria Mannelli, 1996. ISBN 88-7284-440-1.
* Guida, Saverio. "Lo (pseudo)pseudonimo della danseta di Uc de Saint Circ (Bdt 457, 41:3)". *Tenso: Bulletin de la Société Guillem IX*, **21** (2006), pp. 722.
* Jeanroy, Alfred, and Salverda de Grave, J. J. *Poésies de Uc de Saint-Circ*. Toulouse: 1913.
* Meneghetti, Maria Luisa. "Intertextuality and dialogism in the troubadours" (pp. 181196). *The Troubadours: An Introduction*. Simon Gaunt and Sarah Kay, edd. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999. ISBN 0-521-57473-0.
* Poe, Elizabeth Wilson. "*L'Autr'escrit* of Uc de Saint Circ: The *Razos* for Bertran de Born." *Romance Philology*, **44**:2 (1990:Nov.) pp. 123136.
* Sansone, E. Giuseppe. *La poesia dell'antica Provenza: testi e storia dei trovatori*. Ugo Guanda, ed. 1993.
* Throop, Palmer A. "Criticism of Papal Crusade Policy in Old French and Provençal." *Speculum*, **13**:4 (Oct., 1938), pp. 379412.
* Uc de Saint Circ, Complete works.
* Zinelli, Fabio. "Uc de Saint-Circ imitatateur de Hugues de Berzé? Les chansons BdT 457,26 et RS 1821". *Medioevo Romanzo*, **28** (2004), pp. 3962.
* Zinelli, Fabio. "La chanson *Be fai granada follor* (BdT 457,7): Un cas d'attribution controversée et la tradition manuscrite de Saint-Circ (avec une note sur l'iconographie de C)". *Studi medievali*, **47**:2 (2006), pp. 589651.


title: Vexillum humile

abstract: Vexillum humile is a species of small sea snail, marine gastropod mollusk in the family Costellariidae, the ribbed miters.

text:
# Vexillum humile

***Vexillum humile*** is a species of small sea snail, marine gastropod mollusk in the family Costellariidae, the ribbed miters.

## Description

The length of the shell varies between 7.5 mm and 9.8 mm.

## Distribution

This marine species occurs off Madagascar, Mozambique, the Seychelles, the Maldives, the Philippines and Guam.

* Drivas, J. & Jay, M. (1988). Coquillages de La Réunion et de l'Île Maurice. Collection les beautés de la nature. Delachaux et Niestlé: Neuchâtel. ISBN 2-603-00654-1. pp. 1-160.

## InfoBox

| *Vexillum humile* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Shell of *Vexillum humile* (lectotype at MNHN, Paris) | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Superfamily: | Turbinelloidea |
| Family: | Costellariidae |
| Genus: | *Vexillum* |
| Species: | ***V. humile*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Vexillum humile***<br>(Hervier, 1897) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Mitra humilis* Hervier, 1897 (original combination) * *Vexillum (Costellaria) humile* (Hervier, 1897) | |


title: Symphony No. 5 (Tchaikovsky)

abstract: The Symphony No. 5 in E minor, Op. 64 by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky was composed between May and August 1888 and was first performed in Saint Petersburg at the Mariinsky Theatre on November 17 of that year with Tchaikovsky conducting. It is dedicated to Theodor Avé-Lallemant.

text:
# Symphony No. 5 (Tchaikovsky)

The **Symphony No. 5 in E minor**, Op. 64 by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky was composed between May and August 1888 and was first performed in Saint Petersburg at the Mariinsky Theatre on November 17 of that year with Tchaikovsky conducting. It is dedicated to Theodor Avé-Lallemant.

## Place among Tchaikovsky's later symphonies

In the first ten years after graduating from the Saint Petersburg Conservatory in 1865 Tchaikovsky completed three symphonies. After that he started five more symphony projects, four of which led to a completed symphony premiered during the composer's lifetime.

Later symphonies by Tchaikovsky
| Work | Op. | Composed | Premiered |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Symphony No. 4 | 36 | 1877–1878 | 1878 (Moscow) |
| *Manfred Symphony* | 58 | 1885 | 1886 (Moscow) |
| Symphony No. 5 | 64 | 1888 | 1888 (St Petersburg) |
| Symphony in E-flat | 79 posth. | 1892 | *(sketch, not publicly performed during the composer's lifetime)* |
| Symphony No. 6 | 74 | 1893 | 1893 (St Petersburg) |

The fifth symphony was composed in 1888, between the *Manfred* Symphony of 1885 and the sketches for a Symphony in E-flat, which were abandoned in 1892 (apart from recuperating material from its first movement for an *Allegro Brillante* for piano and orchestra a year later). As for the numbered symphonies, Tchaikovsky's Symphony No. 5 was composed between Symphony No. 4, which had been completed ten years earlier, and Symphony No. 6, composed 5 years later, in the year of the composer's death.

### Program

Unlike its two predecessors, Symphony No. 5 has no clear program. On 15 April 1888, about a month before he began composing the symphony, the composer sketched a scenario for its first movement in his notebook, containing "... a complete resignation before fate, which is the same as the inscrutable predestination of fate ..." It is however uncertain how much of this program has been realised in the composition.

### Cyclical structure

Like the Symphony No. 4, No. 5 is a cyclical symphony, with a recurring main theme. Unlike No. 4, however, the theme is heard in all four movements, a feature Tchaikovsky had first used in the Manfred Symphony, which was completed less than three years before No. 5.

## Instrumentation

The work is scored for 3 flutes (3rd doubling piccolo), 2 oboes, 2 clarinets in A, 2 bassoons, 4 horns in F, 2 trumpets in A, 3 trombones, tuba, timpani, and strings.

## Structure

The symphony is in four movements:

1. AndanteAllegro con anima (E minor) – Molto più tranquillo (D majorE major)
2. Andante cantabile, con alcuna licenza (B minor – D major)
3. Valse. Allegro moderato (A major) (Trio in F minor)
4. Finale: Andante maestoso (E major) – Allegro vivace (E minor) – Meno mosso (E major)

The symphony displays an overall tonal trajectory of E minor to E major. The first movement ends in the minor mode, which allows the narrative to continue through the rest of the symphony:

**E minor** (1st mvt) → B minor → E minor → D major (2nd mvt) → F♯ major → D major → F♯ minor → V7 (V4
2) of D major → D major → Go7 → D major → A major (3rd mvt) → F♯ minor → A major → E major (4th mvt) → E minor → D major → C major → E minor → F♯ major → E minor → **E major**

The recurring main theme is used as a device to unify the four movements of the symphony. This motto theme, sometimes dubbed "Fate theme", has a funereal character in the first movement, but gradually transforms into a triumphant march, which dominates the final movement.

A typical performance of the symphony lasts somewhat less than 50 minutes.

### First movement

Themes and Motives

Motto Theme, mm. 1–4:

Primary Theme 1 (PT1), mm. 42–50:

Primary Theme 2 (PT2), mm. 116–128:

Subordinate Theme (ST), mm. 170–182:

Motive X, mm.154–170:

In the exposition of the first movement, the initial tonality (E minor) is relatively unstable. A D major tonality slips in and out E minor as V of the relative major (G major), but not until mm. 128–132 does one hear this as an antagonistic to E minor. The exposition concludes in D major after integrating part of the PT1 into its cadential moment (mm. 194–198). Motive X frames the secondary theme group by preceding the ST and reiterating D major afterwards.

The development consists of four distinct sections. The first section exhibits a sequence based on the PT1 superimposed with motive X. This is accompanied by a bass line that diatonically descends over an octave and a fifth. The second section develops the head motive from PT1. The shifting meter (from **6**
**8** to **3**
**4**), and diminished sonority (m. 261 for example) adds to growing instability. The third section is a brief allusion to the PT2, interrupted by a fugato based on PT1. Motive X returns strongly and insistently in m. 285, going back and forth between G minor and D minor. This can be interpreted as an effort to re-establish sonority in D. The re-transition to recapitulation is rather abrupt, yet a clever use of common tone modulation can be observed.

The recapitulation of this movement follows the convention of sonata form.

### Second movement

Themes

The second movement begins with the continuation of the tragic sonority in B minor, as if the movement will be in the minor dominant of the tonic of the symphony. Instead, a common chord modulation leads to a D major theme first introduced by a solo horn.

Theme A1 (1st horn):

Theme A2 (oboe/horn):

Theme B (clarinet in A):

This movement is in a standard ternary form with the A section in D major, the B section alluding to F minor, then a restatement of the A section with different orchestration. Compared to the stable A section, the B section exhibits instability in many ways. For example, the theme begins and remains in V7 of F minor, even though it could be easily resolved to F minor. Moreover, the segmentation of a theme, fugato texture, and rapid shift of hyper meter contributes to the instability of this section.

In this movement, the motto theme appears twice: from mm. 99–103 as a structural dominant preparing the return of the A section, and in the coda (mm. 158–166) in G7. One could interpret this as a preparation for I6, but also as a structural leading tone to the next movement (G7 → A), especially since the unwinding from the climactic restatement of the motto theme occurs relatively hesitantly and what follows seems to diminish away.

### Third movement

Themes

Waltz 1:

Waltz 2 (ob 1):

Waltz 3:

Trio:

The third movement is a waltz, with some unusual elements, for example, hemiola and unbalanced phrase structure at the outset of the movement. These elements take over the movement in the trio section, which is a scherzo. The scherzo theme initially played by the first violins can be seen as a superimposition of **4**
**4** over **3**
**4**. Hemiola is used again as a transitional technique (mm. 97–105). The waltz returns, but with the texture from the scherzo.

The return of the motto theme in the third movement, preceded by a waltz in a major mode, recalls the opening of the symphony, but with a hemiola element:

### Fourth movement

Themes

Introduction – Motto Theme:

PT1 (violin I):

PT2:

ST:

The exposition of the last movement begins in E minor, whilst the D major sonority seeks to establish itself. Unlike the first movement, there is an early statement in D major, as well as in V7 of D major (mm. 86–90, 106–114). A passage of key oppositions, increasing harmonic rhythm, segmentation, and rapid changes of themes culminates at m. 172 with the re-introduction of the motto theme in C major.

The development is very brief, lasting about 60 measures. In the recapitulation, a new melody is superimposed over the texture, but never returns.

The sixth statement of the motto theme is in E minor, leading to an emphatic Perfect Authentic Cadence (PAC) in B major. Following this, the coda succeeds in reemphasizing the tonic, using different themes and many cadences in the tonic. Some of the themes used here are the motto theme (m. 474), the countermelody to PT1 (m. 474, superimposed onto the motto theme), PT2 (m. 504), and PT1 from the first movement of the symphony.

## Critical reaction

Some critics, including Tchaikovsky himself, have considered the ending insincere or even crude. After the second performance, Tchaikovsky wrote, "I have come to the conclusion that it is a failure". Despite this, the symphony has gone on to become one of the composer's most popular works. The second movement, in particular, is considered to be classic Tchaikovsky: well crafted, colorfully orchestrated, and with a memorable melody for solo horn.

Possibly for its very clear exposition of the idea of "ultimate victory through strife", the Fifth was very popular during World War II, with many new recordings of the work, and many performances during those years. One of the most notable performances was by the Leningrad Radio Orchestra during the Siege of Leningrad. City leaders had ordered the orchestra to continue its performances to keep the spirits high in the city. On the night of October 20, 1941 they played Tchaikovsky's Symphony No. 5 at the city's Philharmonic Hall and it was broadcast live to London. As the second movement began, bombs started to fall nearby, but the orchestra continued playing until the final note. Since the war it has remained very popular, but has been somewhat eclipsed in popularity by the Fourth and Sixth Symphonies.

Critical reaction to the work was mixed, with some enthusiasm in Russia. Valerian Bogdanov-Berezovsky wrote, "The Fifth Symphony is the weakest of Tchaikovsky's symphonies, but nevertheless it is a striking work, taking a prominent place not only among the composer's output but among Russian works in general. ... the entire symphony seems to spring from some dark spiritual experience."

On the symphony's first performance in the United States, critical reaction, especially in Boston, was almost unanimously hostile. A reviewer for the Boston *Evening Transcript*, October 24, 1892, wrote:

> Of the Fifth Tchaikovsky Symphony one hardly knows what to say ... In the Finale we have all the untamed fury of the Cossack, whetting itself for deeds of atrocity, against all the sterility of the Russian steppes. The furious peroration sounds like nothing so much as a horde of demons struggling in a torrent of brandy, the music growing drunker and drunker. Pandemonium, delirium tremens, raving, and above all, noise worse confounded!

The reception in New York was little better. A reviewer for the *Musical Courier*, March 13, 1889, wrote:

> In the Tchaikovsky's Fifth Symphony ... one vainly sought for coherency and homogeneousness ... in the last movement, the composer's Calmuck blood got the better of him, and slaughter, dire and bloody, swept across the storm-driven score.

## Uses of the symphony

"Farewell, Amanda", written by Cole Porter for the 1949 Spencer Tracy and Katharine Hepburn film *Adam's Rib*, draws liberally from the 4th movement of Tchaikovsky's 5th Symphony.

It is suggested by Ian MacDonald that a fragment of the "fate" theme is quoted by Dmitri Shostakovich in his Symphony No. 7 in the "invasion" theme of the first movement.

Part of the second movement was given English lyrics under the title *Moon Love and Love Is All That Matters*.

The beginning of *Annie's Song* by John Denver is almost identical to the first horn theme in the second movement, but it seems this was unintentional and only pointed out to Denver by his producer Milt Okun.

An arrangement of the second movement was used in a prominent 1970s Australian advertisement for Winfield cigarettes.

## Notable recordings

Concertgebouworkest, Willem Mengelberg (1929)
Leningrad Philharmonic Orchestra, Yevgeny Mravinsky (Deutsche Gramophone, 1960)
New York Philharmonic, Leonard Bernstein (CBS, 1960)
London Symphony Orchestra, Igor Markevitch (Philips, 1966)
Oslo Philharmonic, Mariss Jansons (Chandos, 1986)
Wiener Philharmoniker, Valery Gergiev (Philips, 1998)
London Philharmonic Orchestra, Vladimir Jurowski (LPO, 2012)
Frankfurt Radio Symphony, Manfred Honeck (YouTube, 2018)
Concertgebouworkest, Semyon Bychkov (YouTube, 2020)
London Philharmonic Orchestra, Mstislav Rostropovich (1977, EMI)

## Sources

## Further reading

* Kraus, Joseph C. (Spring 1991). "Tonal Plan and Narrative Plot in Tchaikovsky's Symphony No. 5 in E Minor." Music Theory Spectrum, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 21–47.
* Seibert, Donald C. (1990). "The Tchaikovsky 'Fifth:' a symphony without a programme." *The Music Review*, vol. 51, no. 1, pp. 36–45.


title: Once Islas

abstract: Once Islas is an eco-cultural tourism attraction in Zamboanga City, Philippines, consisting of eleven small islands, which opened in July 2018. Four of the eleven islands are open to the public. The islands are managed by the Banguingui people. The name "Once Islas", meaning "eleven islands" is in the Chavacano language. The islands open to tourists are Baung-Baung, Bisaya-Bisaya, Buh-Buh and Sirommon, and the others are Baguias, Kabugan, Lambang-Lambang, Lampinigan, Panganak, Sallangan and Simaddang.

text:
# Once Islas

**Once Islas** is an eco-cultural tourism attraction in Zamboanga City, Philippines, consisting of eleven small islands, which opened in July 2018. Four of the eleven islands are open to the public. The islands are managed by the Banguingui people. The name "Once Islas", meaning "eleven islands" is in the Chavacano language.

The islands open to tourists are Baung-Baung, Bisaya-Bisaya, Buh-Buh and Sirommon, and the others are Baguias, Kabugan, Lambang-Lambang, Lampinigan, Panganak, Sallangan and Simaddang.

## Location and appearance

The islands are located within the boundaries of the barangays Panubigan and Dita, an hour from mainland Zamboanga. The islands contain rock formations, with white-sand beaches. Sirommon Island also contains multiple sandbars.

## Travel

Going to the Zamboanga City Provincial Bus Terminal, you can take a north-bound bus, going from there, you land at the Panubigan Crossing. After, it is recommended to register at the barangay hall before going to the port and taking a boat to the islands.

7°08′57″N 122°15′49″E / 7.14917°N 122.26361°E / 7.14917; 122.26361

## InfoBox

Once Islas
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Geography | |
| Archipelago | Mindanao |
| Administration | |
| **Philippines** | |
| Region | Zamboanga Peninsula |
| Province | Zamboanga del Sur |
| City | Zamboanga City |
| Barangays | * Dita * Panubigan |


title: Tuen Mun Government Secondary School

abstract: Tuen Mun Government Secondary School is a secondary school in Tuen Mun, Hong Kong founded by the Hong Kong Government. Located at Castle Peak Road near Castle Peak Bay, the school offers classes and uses English as the medium of instruction. It was founded in 1982 and was the first government school in Tuen Mun. Tuen Mun Government Primary School is a feeder school to TMGSS. Hong Kong Christian Service Pui Oi School and Shenzhen Futian Middle School are partner schools of TMGSS.

text:
# Tuen Mun Government Secondary School

**Tuen Mun Government Secondary School** (**TMGSS**/**TMS**, Chinese: 屯門官立中學/屯官) is a secondary school in Tuen Mun, Hong Kong founded by the Hong Kong Government. Located at Castle Peak Road near Castle Peak Bay, the school offers classes and uses English as the medium of instruction. It was founded in 1982 and was the first government school in Tuen Mun. Tuen Mun Government Primary School is a feeder school to TMGSS. Hong Kong Christian Service Pui Oi School and Shenzhen Futian Middle School are partner schools of TMGSS.

## Class structure

Tuen Mun Government Secondary School has 31 classes in total, with 5 classes each in S.1 to S.5 and 3 classes in S.6. Due to participation in the voluntary class reduction scheme, the number of classes in each level is reduced to 4 starting from year 2011/12. During the transition period of the implementation of the new senior secondary curriculum, the school will have altogether 32 classes(4 in S.1, 5 in S.1 to S.6, 3 in S.7) in year 11/12, which is the highest since its foundation.

## New senior secondary curriculum

The School provides 11 elective subjects in New Senior Secondary Curriculum(NSS) and forms school cluster with 3 secondary schools in Tuen Mun District to provide 3 more subjects. There are altogether 14 subjects available.

The school offers places for students from cluster schools in the following subjects: Health Management & Social Care, Tourism & Hospitality Studies, Chinese History. Students can select 2 to 3 subjects. Those taking 3 electives (i.e.3X) should choose one subject from each group without repetition. Those taking 2 electives (i.e.2X) should choose one subject from group 2 and another one from group 1 or 3, and they must have English, Chinese and Mathematics(ECM) enrichment classes.

Students can also take Applied Learning (ApL) courses as one of the elective in S.5 and S.6. The school streams classes according to the choice of the subjects in group 2. The arrangements of elective subjects for the first two NSS school year are not the same. The school also provides mathematics extended module 2 (Algebra & Calculus) for students starting from S.5. The module 2 lessons occupy part of the normal mathematics lessons and a period of time after school.

**Elective Subjects for First NSS School Year** \[a\]
| Group | Class | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | A | B | C | | D | | E | U | |
| Group 1 | Chemistry
Information & Communication Technology
Health & Social Care Management
Business, Accounting & Financial Studies
Geography
Chinese Literature\*
Visual Arts\* | | | | | | | English, Chinese and Mathematics Enrichment Class(1) |
| Group 2 | Physics | Chemistry | Combined Science (Chemistry+Biology)\[b\]
 | | Business, Accounting & Financial Studies
 | | Economics |  |
| Group 3 | Biology
Physics
Economics
Tourism & Hospitality Studies
Chinese History\[c\]
Physical Education\* | | | | | | | English, Chinese and Mathematics Enrichment Class(2) |

**Elective Subjects for Second NSS School Year**
| Group | Class | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | A | B | C | | D | | E | U | |
| Group 1 | Chemistry
Physics
Chinese History
Geography
Health & Social Care Management
Visual Arts\*
Physical Education\* | | | | | | | English, Chinese and Mathematics
Enrichment Class(1) |
| Group 2 | Biology | Chemistry | Chinese Literature/
Information & Communication Technology\[d\] | | Business, Accounting & Financial Studies | | Economics | / |
| Group 3 | Biology
Physics
Economics
Business, Accounting & Financial Studies
Tourism & Hospitality Studies
Music\*
Visual Arts\*
 | | | | | | | English, Chinese and Mathematics
Enrichment Class(2) |

\*Subjects provided by cluster schools

**Subjects provided by cluster schools**
| School | Subject |
| --- | --- |
|
| South Tuen Mun Government Secondary School | Chinese Literature |
| | Combined Science (Physics+Chemistry)\[e\] |
| Ho Ngai College (Sponsored by Sik Sik Yuen) | Physical Education |
| | Visual Arts\[f\] |
| CMA Choi Cheung Kok Secondary School | Visual Arts |

## Footnotes

* **a.****^**  As many students chose Business, Accounting & Financial Studies, the school provides it in group 3 too. In fact, Business, Accounting & Financial Studies is included in all 3 groups.
* **b.****^**  Students taking Combined Science (Chemistry+Biology) can not take Chemistry or/and Biology at the same time.
* **c.****^**  The school did not offer Chinese History but Business, Accounting & Financial Studies instead due to students' lack of interest in the subject.
* **d.****^**  Students taking one of the two subjects are arranged to the same class but they are not taking both subjects.
* **e.****^**  It was not offered due to students' lack of interest in the subject.
* **f.****^**  It was provided since the second NSS school year.

## Sources

## InfoBox

| 屯門官立大學
Tuen Mun Government Secondary School | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | |
|  | |
| 393 Castle Peak Road, Castle Peak Bay, Tuen Mun, New Territories, Hong Kong | |
| Information | |
| Type | Government School, secondary, co-educational. |
| Motto | 尊德問學 |
| Established | 1982 (1982) |
| Principal | Ms. LI Wai-bing |
| Staff | about 60 |
| Enrollment | about 1250 |
| Information | (852) 24580459 |
| Language of instruction | English |
| Number of Class | 31 |
| Website | http://www.tmgss.edu.hk |


title: WKKJ

abstract: WKKJ is a radio station broadcasting a country music format. Licensed to Chillicothe, Ohio, United States. The station is owned by iHeartMedia, Inc. and features local news and high school sports with agricultural news from ABN Radio.

text:
# WKKJ

**WKKJ** (94.3 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a country music format. Licensed to Chillicothe, Ohio, United States. The station is owned by iHeartMedia, Inc. and features local news and high school sports with agricultural news from ABN Radio.

## History

On December 22, 1978, WFCB signed on the air. It was owned by Terins Enterprises and was powered at only 3,000 watts. It could only be heard in Chillicothe and nearby communities. In 1989, it was acquired by the Wyandot Radio Corporation, which also owned WCHI.

When Clear Channel Communications acquired WFCB, it switched the format to oldies.

In 2002, co-owned WKKJ (93.3 FM) was moved to the more lucrative Columbus media market, 50 miles north of Chillicothe, with Ashville as the new city of license. In order to clear this move from Chillicothe to Ashville, WFCB changed call letters to WKKJ, assumed the country music format heard on the previous WKKJ, and reassigned all on- and off-air personnel, effectively becoming the successor station to the previous WKKJ.

After the switch, WKKJ was re-imaged as "94 Country".

## InfoBox

WKKJ
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Frequency | 94.3 MHz |
| Branding | 94 Country |
| Programming | |
| Format | Country music |
| Affiliations | Agri Broadcast Network |
| Ownership | |
| Owner |  |
| Sister stations | WBEX, WCHI, WCHO, WCHO-FM, WQLX, WSRW |
| History | |
| First air date | December 22, 1978 (1978-12-22) |
| Former call signs | WFCB (19782002) |
| Technical information | |
| Licensing authority | FCC |
| Facility ID | 74224 |
| Class | B1 |
| ERP | 19,000 watts |
| HAAT | 107.6 meters (353 ft) |
| Transmitter coordinates | 39°19′52.00″N 82°59′49.00″W / 39.3311111°N 82.9969444°W / 39.3311111; -82.9969444 |
| Links | |
| Public license information |  |
| Webcast | Listen live (via iHeartRadio) |
| Website | wkkj.iheart.com |


title: Tenaturris inepta

abstract: Tenaturris inepta is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae.

text:
# Tenaturris inepta

***Tenaturris inepta*** is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae.

## Description

## Distribution

*T. inepta* can be found in Atlantic waters, ranging from the eastern coast of Florida south to Brazil and surrounding Bermuda.; in the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico and the Lesser Antilles.

* Smith, E.A. (1882) Diagnoses of new species of Pleurotomidae in the British Museum. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 5, 10, 206–218  This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
* Tucker, J.K. (2004). "Catalog of recent and fossil turrids (Mollusca: Gastropoda)" (PDF). *Zootaxa*. **682**: 1–1295.
* Gastropods.com: *Tenaturris inepta*

## InfoBox

| *Tenaturris inepta* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Shell (and protoconch) of *Tenaturris inepta* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Superfamily: | Conoidea |
| Family: | Mangeliidae |
| Genus: | *Tenaturris* |
| Species: | ***T. inepta*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Tenaturris inepta***<br>(E. A. Smith, 1882) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Pleurotoma inepta* Smith E. A., 1882 | |


title: Thomas Fisher (Upper Canada)

abstract: Thomas Fisher was a road builder, land developer, Squire, and Etobicoke Township pioneer. He immigrated from Yorkshire and arrived in New York in 1819. He spent three years partly in the United States and partly in Upper Canada. He settled along the Humber River in 1822 and became a successful merchant-miller. His mill located at King's Mill was acquired in 1821. Fisher married his wife in 1813. They had three sons and four daughters. Fisher is the namesake of Thomas Fisher Rare Books Library. The Department of Rare Books and Special Collections and the University Archives didn't have a permanent home until 1973 when the Thomas Fisher Rare Book library was opened. Great-grandsons, Sidney and Charles Fisher, donated to the library their own collections of Shakespeare, various twentieth-century authors, and etchings of Wenceslaus Hollar. Fisher was an inductee into the Etobicoke Hall of Fame, 1974.

text:
# Thomas Fisher (Upper Canada)

**Thomas Fisher** (March 3, 1792 – July 23, 1874) was a road builder, land developer, Squire, and Etobicoke Township pioneer. He immigrated from Yorkshire and arrived in New York in 1819. He spent three years partly in the United States and partly in Upper Canada. He settled along the Humber River in 1822 and became a successful merchant-miller. His mill located at King's Mill was acquired in 1821.

Fisher married his wife in 1813. They had three sons and four daughters.

Fisher is the namesake of Thomas Fisher Rare Books Library. The Department of Rare Books and Special Collections and the University Archives didn't have a permanent home until 1973 when the Thomas Fisher Rare Book library was opened. Great-grandsons, Sidney and Charles Fisher, donated to the library their own collections of Shakespeare, various twentieth-century authors, and etchings of Wenceslaus Hollar.

Fisher was an inductee into the Etobicoke Hall of Fame, 1974.


title: Terry Orr-Weaver

abstract: Terry L. Orr-Weaver is an American molecular biologist in the MIT Department of Biology with a joint appointment to the Whitehead Institute. She does research on developmental biology, with a focus on "[c]oordination of cell growth and division with development, with particular focus on the oocyte-to-embryo transition, control of cell size, and regulation of metazoan DNA replication." Orr-Weaver and her collaborators have identified two proteins necessary for the proper sorting of chromosomes during meiosis with implications for cancer and birth defects. In 2006 she was elected to the National Academy of Sciences.

text:
# Terry Orr-Weaver

**Terry L. Orr-Weaver** is an American molecular biologist in the MIT Department of Biology with a joint appointment to the Whitehead Institute. She does research on developmental biology, with a focus on "\[c\]oordination of cell growth and division with development, with particular focus on the oocyte-to-embryo transition, control of cell size, and regulation of metazoan DNA replication." Orr-Weaver and her collaborators have identified two proteins necessary for the proper sorting of chromosomes during meiosis with implications for cancer and birth defects. In 2006 she was elected to the National Academy of Sciences.

## Education

Terry Orr-Weaver received her PhD in biological chemistry in 1984 from Harvard University. She was the first graduate student advised by Nobel laureate Jack Szostak in his career, and he discussed her research in his Nobel biography.

## Academic and research career

Orr-Weaver was a faculty member at Massachusetts Institute of Technology and also at the Whitehead Institute, both of which she joined in 1987. She became a Searle Scholar in 1988. She was appointed an American Cancer Society Research Professor at MIT in 2008. She served as the President of the Genetics Society of America in 2005, and President of the National *Drosophila* Board in 2008. In 2013 she received the FASEB Excellence in Science Award.

Orr-Weaver's research concerns the cell cycle and delves into both normal and abnormal aspects of cell division regulation in such diseases as cancer and certain birth defects. She and her collaborators have particularly elucidated the way the cell cycle is coordinated with development. They have shown that *cortex* protein specifically triggers the anaphase-promoting complex in ovaries and the degradation of *cortex* protein following egg-activation is strictly controlled. They have also established that *Inducer of Meiosis 4 (IME4)* is required for an important step, *Notch* signaling, to occur in fruit fly ovaries.

She is the co-author, with Harvey Lodish, of the book *Model Organisms: Drosophila,* published in 1997 by Academic Press.

In 1994, Orr-Weaver was one of 16 women faculty in the School of Science at MIT who drafted and co-signed a letter to the then-Dean of Science (now Chancellor of Berkeley) Robert Birgeneau, which started a campaign to highlight and challenge gender discrimination at MIT.

## Awards and honors

## InfoBox

| Terry Orr-Weaver | |
| --- | --- |
| Alma mater | Harvard University |
| Known for | identification of genes for chromosome separation |
| Awards | 2006 Fellow of the American Academy of Microbiology
2006 National Academy of Sciences
2010 Fellow of American Association for Advancement of Science
2013 FASEB Excellence in Science Award
2018 Flexner Discovery Lecturer at Vanderbilt University |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | genetics, developmental biology, cell biology |
| Institutions | Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Whitehead Institute |
| Thesis | (1984) |
| Doctoral advisor | Jack Szostak |
|  | |


title: Terra Ceia Preserve

abstract: Terra Ceia Preserve is a 1,932-acre (7.82 km⁲) preserve located in Manatee County, Florida north of Palmetto. The preserve is maintained and co-owned by Southwest Florida Water Management District (SFWMD) and Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP).

text:
# Terra Ceia Preserve

**Terra Ceia Preserve** (also known as **Frog Creek** and **Terra Ceia Preserve State Park**) is a 1,932-acre (7.82 km2) preserve located in Manatee County, Florida north of Palmetto. The preserve is maintained and co-owned by Southwest Florida Water Management District (SFWMD) and Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP).

## Overview

The initial portion of the state preserve was acquired in 1995 by SFWMD to protect the water quality of Tampa Bay. In 1998, a joint acquisition between SWFMD and the Board of Trustees for the Internal Improvement Trust Fund was done to purchase an additional 1,400 acres (5.7 km2).

## Activities

Park activities include hiking trails, canoe/kayak launches, a boat ramp, and a plan for interpretive kiosks in the future. Kayaking is the primary activity within the preserve. Park admission is free.

## InfoBox

| Terra Ceia Preserve State Park | |
| --- | --- |
| Frog Creek, Terra Ceia Preserve State Park | |
| IUCN category IV (habitat/species management area) | |
| Terra Ceia Preserve State Park | |
|  | |
| Location | Terra Ceia, Florida |
| Coordinates | 27°35′18″N 82°32′03″W / 27.5882°N 82.5342°W / 27.5882; -82.5342 |
| Area | 1,932 acres (7.82 km2) |
| Established | 1995 (1995) |
| Governing body |  |
| www.floridastateparks.org/park/terra-ceia | |


title: Tenaturris dysoni

abstract: Tenaturris dysoni, common name Dyson's mangelia, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae.

text:
# Tenaturris dysoni

***Tenaturris dysoni***, common name **Dyson's mangelia**, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae.

## Description

The length of the shell varies between 5 mm and 12 mm.

(Original description) The ovate shell has a rather short spire. The whorls are rounded at the upper part, longitudinally very closely finely ribbed, decussated with transverse striae. The ribs, being decussated with striae, have a slightly granular appearance. The sinus is broad. The siphonal canal is almosty lacking. The color of the shell is whitish, encircled with two faint bands of orange brown.

## Distribution

This species occurs in the Caribbean Sea off Honduras, Colombia and in the Lesser Antilles.

* Tucker, J.K. (2004). "Catalog of recent and fossil turrids (Mollusca: Gastropoda)" (PDF). *Zootaxa*. **682**: 1–1295.
* "*Tenaturris decora*". *Gastropods.com*. Retrieved 16 January 2019.

## InfoBox

| *Tenaturris dysoni* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Shell of *Tenaturris dysoni* ; museum specimen at MNHN, Paris | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Neogastropoda |
| Superfamily: | Conoidea |
| Family: | Mangeliidae |
| Genus: | *Tenaturris* |
| Species: | ***T. dysoni*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Tenaturris dysoni***<br>(Reeve, 1846) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Drillia dysoni* (Reeve, 1846) * *Kurtziella macula* Nowell-Usticke, G.W., 1969 * *Mangelia dysoni* Reeve, 1846 (original description) | |


title: Terra Nova High School (California)

abstract: Terra Nova High School is an American public high school in Pacifica in San Mateo County, California, United States. It serves grades 9 through 12 as part of the Jefferson Union High School District.

text:
# Terra Nova High School (California)

**Terra Nova High School** is an American public high school in Pacifica in San Mateo County, California, United States. It serves grades 9 through 12 as part of the Jefferson Union High School District.

## History

Terra Nova High School was established in 1961 to serve the growing population in the Linda Mar district of southern Pacifica. Students attended from Vallemar, Rockaway Beach, Mori Point, Fairway, Sharp Park and Pacific Manor districts until Oceana High School was completed the following year.

The 2007 National Book Award finalist *Story of a Girl* is set at Terra Nova.

## Campus

The original buildings and campus were designed by Mark Falk & Corwin Booth (of Falk & Booth). The main building originally had only two stories when the school opened in 1961. Portables were added to the rear of the school campus to accommodate the increase in students and need for more classrooms. A major facilities remodel was completed in 1998, and construction of a 400+ seat theater and a new science building began in early 2010 and was completed in 2012.

## Demographics

| White | Latino | Asian | African American | Pacific Islander | American Indian | Two or more races |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 38% | 30% | 14% | 2% | 2% | 0.4% | 13% |

According to *U.S. News & World Report*, 62% of Terra Nova's student body is "of color," with 22% of the student body coming from economically disadvantaged households, determined by student eligibility for California's Reduced-price meal program.

## Academics

### Curriculum

Terra Nova offers Advanced Placement courses in US History, European History, Chemistry, Biology, Environmental Science, US Government, Language and Composition, Literature, Studio Art, Music Theory, and Calculus AB.

### Standardized testing

In 2011, Terra Nova scored an API of 801, the sixth highest in San Mateo County. By 2013, the last year on record, the school had scored 792, the second highest in the Jefferson Union school district.

The state of California replaced the API system with the California School Dashboard system in 2017, in order to provide "a fuller picture of how districts and schools are addressing the needs of their students while also identifying the specific strengths and areas in need of improvement."

For the school year 2018–2019, Terra Nova scored 6.3 points above the state average in **English Language Arts**, but 40.4 points below standard in **Math**. It ranked above average for both **Campus Climate** \- with an annual suspension rate of 5.6% - and **Academic Engagement** \- with a graduation rate (measured by the percentage who received a high school diploma within 4–5 years of entering 9th grade or completed their graduation requirements at an alternative school) of 94.7%.

| SAT Scores for 2013–2014 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Critical Reading average | Math average | Writing average |
| Terra Nova High School | 538 | 553 | 524 |
| Jefferson Union District | 503 | 536 | 500 |
| San Mateo County | 546 | 576 | 548 |
| Statewide | 492 | 506 | 489 |

## Extracurricular activities

Terra Nova has an award-winning marching band, which won first place in their division at the Foothill Band Review in 2007 and 2009. The marching band received the Sweepstakes award at the 2008 and 2009 Fog Fests. Most recently the marching band won 2nd place at championships 2016 in Napa

The Terra Nova drama department performs spring and fall productions, often produced in conjunction with directors from the local theatre company, the Pacifica Spindrift Players.

The school's student-run newspaper is the *Terra Nova Times* and has won awards from the Peninsula Press Club.

Terra Nova has had a team on the Bay Area's *Quiz Kids* show since the show's debut.

Terra Nova also offers a wide variety of sports, including football, baseball, cheer leading, badminton, cross country, tennis, track and field, water polo, swimming, soccer, basketball, volleyball, and wrestling. Numerous teams have won PAL championships yearly and CCS.

FOOTBALL -CIF CCS Championships

1982- II North Head Coach Bob Lotti - Terra Nova(11-1) 27-6 vs.Westmoor(7-4)

1988- II North Head Coach Mike Gunning - Terra Nova(9-3) 7-6 vs. Carlmont(10-2)

2010- Division III Head Coach Bill Gray - Terra Nova(9-4) 35-13 vs. Monterey(11-2)

2014- Division IV Head Coach Tim Adams - Terra Nova(7-6) 43-23 vs. Monte Vista Christian(10-3)

Baseball has sent several players to the Majors, including Greg Reynolds, Bob McClure, and Keith Hernandez (11-time 1st Base Rawlings Gold Glove Award winner, Major League Baseball All-Star Game player, and hitting champ for several years).

## Notable alumni

37°35′39″N 122°28′30″W / 37.594244°N 122.474974°W / 37.594244; -122.474974

## InfoBox

| Terra Nova High School | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | |
|  | |
| 1450 Terra Nova Boulevard<br>Pacifica, California 94044 | |
| Information | |
| Type | Public High School |
| Motto | Home of Scholars and Champions |
| Established | 1961 |
| School district | Jefferson Union High School District |
| Principal | Megan Carey |
| Faculty | 39.05 (FTE) |
| Number of students | 739 (2022–23) |
| Student to teacher ratio | 18.92 |
| Campus | Suburban |
| Color(s) | Black   and Yellow |
| Team name | Tigers |
| Rival | Half Moon Bay High School |
| Website | Official website |