title: Teinopalpus imperialis

abstract: Teinopalpus imperialis, the Kaisar-i-Hind, is a rare species of swallowtail butterfly found from Nepal and north east India to north Vietnam. The common name literally means "emperor of India". The Kaisar-i-Hind is much sought after by butterfly collectors for its beauty and rarity. The green iridescence of the wings has been found to be due to three-dimensional photonic structure of the scales and is the subject of much research.

text:
# Teinopalpus imperialis

***Teinopalpus imperialis***, the **Kaisar-i-Hind**, is a rare species of swallowtail butterfly found from Nepal and north east India to north Vietnam. The common name literally means "emperor of India". The Kaisar-i-Hind is much sought after by butterfly collectors for its beauty and rarity. The green iridescence of the wings has been found to be due to three-dimensional photonic structure of the scales and is the subject of much research.

## Description

The Kaisar-i-Hind has a predominantly green swallowtail. The male has a bright chrome-yellow patch on each hind wing.

The following descriptions are from Charles Thomas Bingham (1907) *The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma, Butterflies* Volume 2.

### Male

Upperside black, densely irrorated with green scales. Forewing: an outwardly oblique, slightly concave subbasal band and a narrow terminal edging jet-black due to the ground colour there being devoid of the green scaling; beyond the subbasal band the irroration of scales a much brighter green, especially along the outer edge of the subbasal band itself; but along obscure, broad and convergent discal and postdiscal transverse bands and along a subterminal much narrower band, the green scaling thins out and the black ground colour of the wing shows through; in some specimens, owing to the transparency of the wings, the rich ochraceous-brown colour of the underside gives the black on these bands a reddish tint. Hindwing: basal area margined outwardly by a narrow irregularly sinuous band devoid of green scaling, succeeded by an upper discal bright chrome-yellow patch that spreads from base of interspace 3 across the apex of the cell and bases of interspaces 4 and 5 to the costa; this patch is bluntly angulated outwards in interspace 5, stained with orange anteriorly and bordered outwardly by black which is widest above; below the patch a white line extends to the dorsum; the postdiscal area is deep dark green, margined inwardly by diffuse dark grey and followed outwardly by a subterminal series of lunular markings, the tornal and upper two or three of which are yellow, the rest bright green; tail tipped with yellow. Underside: basal area of both forewings and hindwings densely covered with green scales. Forewing: terminal two-thirds rich ochraceous brown, the green of the basal area bordered by black; discal and postdiscal bands also black, widened and diffusely coalescent posteriorly; an incomplete, very slender subterminal black line and broader black terminal edging, neither of which reaches to the apex. Hindwing much as on the upperside, but the yellow marking broader. Antennae dark red; head, thorax and abdomen black, covered somewhat densely with green hairs and scales.

### Female

Much larger, differs also in coloration and markings as follows: Upperside, forewings: the irroration of green scales on the terminal two-thirds restricted to a sub-terminal moderately broad band diffuse along its inner edge, and a medial somewhat ill-defined similar band that is bordered both on the inner and outer sides by diffuse dusky black; this is succeeded by two broad diffuse transverse dark grey bands, the outer of the two edged on its outer side narrowly with black, followed by a subterminal green band and terminal velvety-black margin. Hindwing: the upper discal yellow patch so conspicuous in the male, replaced by a very much larger dark grey patch, below which comparatively narrow markings of yellow extend up to the dorsum; a postdiscal sinuous lunular narrow black band and a subterminal series of green lunules as in the male, but the apical lunule dark grey, not yellow; the tail-like extensions of the termen at the apices of veins 3 to 6 are black shaded with green, those at the apices of veins 4 and 6 tipped, the former with yellow the latter with greenish-white. Underside similar to the underside in the male, but on both forewing and hindwing the areas coloured with rich ochraceous and yellow are grey, with the exception of a well-marked moderately broad subterminal band on the forewing which is of a dull ochraceous colour; on the hindwing the grey discal area extends right up to the apical lunule of the subterminal series. Antennae, head, thorax and abdomen as in the male.

The larva of this butterfly, according to Mr. Knyvett, feeds on *Daphne nipalensis*, but no description of that is available. It is difficult to separate the Sikkim form of this insect, even as a race. The points of difference between it and the Assam form are extremely variable, and the most prominent of these, that is, the paler tint of the grey area on the upperside of the hindwing in the female, is perhaps the most variable of all the characters. An Assam specimen of the female in the collection of the British Museum is far and away paler than any Sikkim specimen I have seen. Mr. Elwes says that in Sikkim this insect is only found in the forest region from about 6,000 to 10,000 feet (1,800 to 3,000 m) elevation, and that "it is most difficult to capture on account of its remarkably strong, rapid and dashing flight, and its habit of resting on high trees from which it flies only during a few hours of the morning" (Elwes, *Transactions of the Entomological Society of London* 1888, p. 421). The females are much scarcer than the males.

## Distribution

The butterfly is found in small pockets of Nepal, Bhutan and along the Eastern Himalayas in India (West Bengal, Meghalaya, Assam, Sikkim and Manipur). It is also found in northern Myanmar, northern Vietnam and in the Sichuan province of China. Mostly seen above 6,000 feet (1,800 m).

## Status

The Kaisar-i-Hind is a local and rare butterfly which is protected by Indian and Nepalese law. Protection enforcement in these countries not being effective; it is hunted and collectors pay high prices. The government of Arunachal Pradesh recently adopted Kaisar-i-Hind as its state butterfly

The two species of Kaisar-i-Hind were listed in CITES Appendix II from 1987 onwards.

The Kaisar-i-Hind would be a keystone species for conservation of high-altitude forest. Conservation in India is complicated by the fact that most of the responsibility for conservation action runs at the state level and not at the national level. There is a need for collecting more data in the habitat area and surrounding areas such as the adjoining mountain regions of China where the species is likely to occur.

## Habitat

The Kaisar-i-Hind is a high-altitude forest species which occurs at medium and higher elevations in the Himalayas from 6,000 to 10,000 feet (1,800 to 3,000 m) in well-wooded terrain. In the north east of India, much of its forest habitat is degraded by jhoom cultivation; the butterfly is rarely found in the degraded patches.

## Habits

Very fast and strong flight. Flies at tree-top level until it chooses to descend if there is strong morning sunlight. When overcast, males are known to descend and sit on low vegetation, where its disruptive, dull underside colouration makes it difficult to distinguish. Will remain so still that they have even been caught by hand in such circumstances. Females are known to fly in overcast and rainy weather also. Males visit damp patches and also suck moisture from leaves. Females rarely visit flowers or damp patches. Can be attracted by baiting. Often found on forest clearings and open spaces flanked by forests on hills and mountains. These are mostly males, who establish territories and aggressively drive away other intruding males, and stopping virgin females in search of mates.

## Life cycle

Flies in Sikkim in April and May and later in Manipur from May to July. Probably have two broods. The larvae feed on *Magnolia campbellii* (Magnoliaceae).

Eggs: Smooth, spherical, pale purplish red. Laid on underside of leaves.

Larva: Spindle shaped, green larva with broad heads and tapering tails. The larva has minute spines on the head and hair-like long spines on the segments.

Pupa: Resembles that of *Graphium* species. It has a smooth head and prominent dorsal horn. It has a green mesothorax and broad yellow dorsal zones on the abdomen.

## Research

The iridescent green scaling on the wings of the Kaisar-i-Hind are the subject of much research. The three-dimensional photonic structure has been examined by transmission electron tomography and computer modelling to reveal naturally occurring "chiral tetrahedral repeating units packed in a triclinic lattice" (Argyros et al., 2001), the cause of the iridescence.

## Other sources

## InfoBox

| Kaiser-i-Hind | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Teinopalpus imperialis*, dorsal side of male | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Near Threatened  (IUCN 2.3) | |
| CITES Appendix II (CITES) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Papilionidae |
| Genus: | *Teinopalpus* |
| Species: | ***T. imperialis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Teinopalpus imperialis***
Hope, 1843 | |
|


title: William Barden Jr.

abstract: William Barden Jr. is an author of books and articles on computer programming. Barden's writings mainly covered microcomputers, computer graphics and assembly language and BASIC programming. He was a contributing editor for The Rainbow magazine in which he wrote a monthly column called Barden's Buffer on low-level assembly language programming on the TRS-80 Color Computer. Some of his books were published under the name William T. Barden. He lives in Scottsdale, Arizona.

text:
# William Barden Jr.

**William Barden Jr.** is an author of books and articles on computer programming. Barden's writings mainly covered microcomputers, computer graphics and assembly language and BASIC programming. He was a contributing editor for The Rainbow magazine in which he wrote a monthly column called *Barden's Buffer* on low-level assembly language programming on the TRS-80 Color Computer. Some of his books were published under the name *William T. Barden*. He lives in Scottsdale, Arizona.

## Books

* *Connecting the CoCo to the Real World*, 1990, no ISBN (Radio Shack project cancelled, then printed by author). Part of the book comes from his chronicle *Barden's Buffer* in Rainbow Magazine.
* *TRS-80 Models I, III, & Color Computer Interfacing Projects*, 1983, ISBN 0-672-22009-1
* *TRS-80 Color Computer Assembly Language Programming*, Radio Shack catalog number 62-2077, 1983
* *TRS-80 Color Computer & MC-10 Programs*, Radio Shack cat. no. 26-3195, 1983
* *How To Do It on the TRS-80*, IJG Inc. publisher, 1983 ISBN 0-936-20008-1
* *Color Computer Graphics*, Radio Shack cat. no. 62-2076, 1982
* *The Z-80 Microcomputer Handbook*, Longman Higher Education, 1978, ISBN 0-672-21500-4
* *How to program microcomputers*, H. W. Sams, 1977, ISBN 0-672-21459-8
* *TRS-80 Pocket BASIC Handbook*, Radio Shack, 1982


title: United Africa Tigers

abstract: The Tigers FC are a Namibian football club. They are based in the Namibian capital Windhoek, and play in the country's top league, the Namibia Premier Football League. In the 1990s, they were sponsored by Mukorob Pelagic and referred to as the MP Tigers.

text:
# United Africa Tigers

**The Tigers FC** are a Namibian football club. They are based in the Namibian capital Windhoek, and play in the country's top league, the Namibia Premier Football League. In the 1990s, they were sponsored by Mukorob Pelagic and referred to as the MP Tigers.

## Achievements

1985, 2015–16 1995, 1996, 2015  *
*
*

## InfoBox

Tigers Football Club
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Tigers Sports Club |
| Nickname(s) | Ingweinyama |
| Founded | 1927 |
| Ground | Sam Nujoma Stadium<br>Windhoek, Namibia |
| Capacity | 10,300 |
| Manager | James Britz |
| League | Namibia Premiership |
| 2023–24 | 7th |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Wiesbüttgraben

abstract: Wiesbüttgraben is a small river of Bavaria, Germany. It is a tributary of the Aubach in Wiesen.

text:
# Wiesbüttgraben

**Wiesbüttgraben** is a small river of Bavaria, Germany. It is a tributary of the Aubach in Wiesen.

## InfoBox

| Wiesbüttgraben | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Bavaria |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Mouth |  |
| location | Aubach |
| coordinates | 50°06′50″N 9°21′50″E / 50.11389°N 9.36389°E / 50.11389; 9.36389 |
| Basin features | |
| Progression | AubachLohrMainRhineNorth Sea |


abstract: Serbia was represented by 12 athletes at the 2010 European Athletics Championships held in Barcelona, Spain, from 27 July to 1 August 2010.

text:
# Serbia at the 2010 European Athletics Championships

Serbia was represented by 12 athletes (6 men and 6 women) at the 2010 European Athletics Championships held in Barcelona, Spain, from 27 July to 1 August 2010.

## Participants

| Event | Men | Women |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 800 m | Goran Nava |  |
| 1500 m | Goran Nava | Marina Munćan |
| 100 hurdles |  | Jelena Jotanović |
| 50 km walk | Predrag Filipović |  |
| Marathon |  | Olivera Jevtić |
| Long Jump |  | Ivana Španović |
| Shot Put | Asmir Kolašinac
Milan Jotanović |  |
| Discus Throw |  | Dragana Tomašević |
| Javelin Throw |  | Tatjana Jelača |
| Decathlon | Mihail Dudaš
Igor Šarčević |  |

## Results

| **2010 Barcelona** | **Gold** | **Silver** | **Bronze** | **Total** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Serbia (SRB) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |

## InfoBox

| Serbia at the
2010 European Athletics Championships | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| WA code | SRB |
| in Barcelona | |
| Competitors | 12 |
| Medals | Gold 0 Silver 0 Bronze 0 Total 0 |
| European Athletics Championships appearances (overview) | |
|  | |


title: Tsuwano Castle

abstract: Tsuwano Castle was a Japanese castle located in what is now the city of Tsuwano, Shimane Prefecture, in the San'in region of far western Japan. Its ruins have been protected by the central government as a National Historic Site since 1942. In its early history, it was called Sanbonmatsu Castle or Ipponmatsu Castle. During the Edo Period, it was the center of Tsuwano Domain ruled by the Kamei clan; however, the administrative offices and daimyō residence were located at the base of the mountain to avoid the steep mountain paths.

text:
# Tsuwano Castle

**Tsuwano Castle** (津和野城, *Tsuwano-jō*) was a Japanese castle located in what is now the city of Tsuwano, Shimane Prefecture, in the San'in region of far western Japan. Its ruins have been protected by the central government as a National Historic Site since 1942. In its early history, it was called **Sanbonmatsu Castle** (三本松城, *Sanbonmatsu-jō*) or **Ipponmatsu Castle** (一本松城, *Ipponmatsu-jō*). During the Edo Period, it was the center of Tsuwano Domain ruled by the Kamei clan; however, the administrative offices and *daimyō* residence were located at the base of the mountain to avoid the steep mountain paths.

## History

Tsuwano Castle is located on the 200-meter Mount Shiroyama overlooking the Tsuwano *jōkamachi*. Tsuwano is situated in a valley at southwestern border of former Iwami Province with Nagato Province and is on the main route between the city of Yamaguchi and Hamada, as well as a secondary route across the Chugoku Mountains to Aki Province and the Seto Inland Sea. A castle was originally constructed in this location in 1282 in the late Kamakura period by Yoshimi Yoriyuki. This was just one year after the first of the Mongol invasions of Japan and although the castle was intended to defend the area against invasion, it was not completed until 1324. The Yoshimi clan claimed descent from Minamoto no Noriyori, the younger brother of Minamoto no Yoritomo. In the Muromachi period, the Yoshimi clan became closely aligned with the Ōuchi clan, who ruled Nagato and Suō Provinces and who grew wealthy due to trade with Ming China. Yoshimi Masayori (1513-1588) married the daughter of Ōuchi Yoshioki and supported the Ōuchi against the Amago clan and other rivals. However, in the Sengoku period, the defeats of Ōuchi Yoshitaka at Gassantoda Castle and other locations led to extreme dissatisfaction with him rule, cumulating in a coup led by Sue Harukata in 1551. The Sue clan was a close ally of the Masuda clan, who had been enemies of the Yoshimi for centuries. This led to Sue Harukata invading Iwami and besieging Tsuwano Castle for over four months. Taking advantage of his absence, Mōri Motonari, a small lord from Aki Province attacked and defeated the Sue at the Battle of Itsukushima in 1552. The Yoshimi clan quickly swore fealty to the Mōri clan. However, after the 1600 Battle of Sekigahara, the Mori clan were deprived of two-thirds of their territory by the Tokugawa shogunate, including Iwami Province. As retainers of the Mōri, this meant that the Yoshimi clan also lost their estates in Tsuwano and was forced to relocate to Hagi.

Sakazaki Naomori, one of Tokugawa Ieyasu's generals, was given a 30,000 *koku* (later increased to 43,468 *koku*) fief centered at Tsuwano. Sakazaki laid the foundations of Tsuwano Domain by building a castle town, conducting land surveys, and making major renovations to the castle, including building 15-meter high stone walls to enhance its defenses. The original Tsuwano Castle was a typical Muromachi-period fortified mountain, with enclosures spread out across a two-kilometer ridge extending north and south. Sakazaki reduced this to a 300-meter area surrounding the central peak, with an extension added where the mountain projected to a smaller peak to the west, forming a letter "T". In the central enclosure, he build a tenshu which was probably three-stories on a 20-meter square foundation and added numerous *yagura* turrets and compound gates.

In 1616, Sakazaki was either killed or committed *seppuku* over the "Senhime incident". He had been promised Ieyasu's daughter Senhime as his wife if he rescued her from Osaka Castle during the Siege of Osaka; however, afterwards Ieyasu gave her to Honda Takatoki instead. The incensed Sakazaka plotted to kidnap her, but the plot was discovered by the shogunate, and the Sakazaka clan was destroyed. The shogunate relocated the Kamei clan from Shikano Castle in what is now Tottori Prefecture to replace the Sakazaki, and the Kamei clan remained rulers of Tsuwano Castle over 11 generations to the Meiji restoration. In 1686, the *tenshu* was lost due to a fire caused by lightning and was never rebuilt.

Following the Meiji restoration, the last *daimyō* of Tsuwano, Kamei Koremi took action before the Meiji government issued new laws, and ordered the destruction of the castle. One gate survived as it was relocated to Hamada, where it was used as the gate of a local government office, and two *yagura* were preserved at the foot of the mountain. Tsuwano Castle was listed as one of Japan's Top 100 Castles by the Japan Castle Foundation in 2006. The site of the *daimyō* residence is now the Shimane Prefectural Tsuwano High School.

From Tsuwano Station on the JR West Yamaguchi Line, it is a 20-minute walk to a chairlift station to the castle ruins.

## Literature

## InfoBox

| Tsuwano Castle | |
| --- | --- |
| 津和野城 | |
| Tsuwano, Shimane, Japan | |
| Tsuwano Castle | |
| Tsuwano CastleTsuwano Castle | |
| Coordinates | 34°27′37″N 131°45′51″E / 34.46028°N 131.76417°E / 34.46028; 131.76417 |
| Type | *Renkakushiki yamajiro*-style Japanese castle |
| Site information | |
| Open to<br>the public | yes |
| Condition | Ruins |
| Site history | |
| Built | 1295 |
| Built by | Yoshimi clan |
| In use | Kamakura-Edo period |
| Demolished | 1871 |
| National Historic Site of Japan | |


title: Prue UHP-1

abstract: The Prue UHP-1 is an American high-wing, single-seat, T-tailed FAI Open Class glider that was designed by Irving Prue.

text:
# Prue UHP-1

The **Prue UHP-1** is an American high-wing, single-seat, T-tailed FAI Open Class glider that was designed by Irving Prue.

## Design and development

The prototype Prue UHP-1 was constructed by Prue, completed in 1966 and first flown in 1967.

The prototype features a NACA 63-618, with an all-metal wing with doped aircraft fabric covering aft of the wing spar. This arrangement did not hold the correct airfoil shape at high speeds according to tests conducted. The fuselage is also of all-metal construction and features a fixed monowheel landing gear, coupled with a skid, a conventional T-tail and a drag chute. Aside from the drag chute, glide path control is via spoilers.

Two Prue UHP-1s were built, the second incorporating many changes to the design. Both aircraft were registered as *Experimental - Amateur-builts*.

## Operational history

The second UHP-1 built was reported by the owner as having good handling characteristics and a lower minimum sink speed than a Schleicher ASW 17.

As of June 2011 both aircraft are still registered with the Federal Aviation Administration.

## Variants

UHP-1 Initial prototype with fixed landing gear. UHP-1 Modified The second aircraft, built in 1974, which incorporates an all-metal wing to address the fabric issues on the first aircraft. It also has retractable monowheel landing gear, the nose and canopy from a Schempp-Hirth Open Cirrus, flaps, water ballast and a fully trimmable tailplane. The aircraft is officially registered with the FAA as a *UHP-1 MODIFIED* and has an empty weight that is more than 100 lb (45 kg) heavier than the prototype.

## Specifications (UHP-1 Modified)

*Data from* Sailplane Directory and Soaring

**General characteristics**

* **Crew:** one
* **Wingspan:** 57 ft 0 in (17.37 m)
* **Wing area:** 114 sq ft (10.6 m2)
* **Aspect ratio:** 28.5:1
* **Airfoil:** NACA 63-618
* **Empty weight:** 505 lb (229 kg)
* **Gross weight:** 889 lb (403 kg)

**Performance**

* **Maximum glide ratio:** 40 at 69 mph (111 km/h)
* **Rate of sink:** 96 ft/min (0.49 m/s) at 49 mph (79 km/h)
* **Wing loading:** 7.8 lb/sq ft (38 kg/m2)

**Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era**

**Related lists**

## InfoBox

| UHP-1 | |
| --- | --- |
| Role | Glider |
| National origin | United States |
| Designer | Irving Prue |
| First flight | 1967 |
| Introduction | 1967 |
| Produced | 1966 and 1974 |
| Number built | Two |


title: Vizzola Ticino

abstract: Vizzola Ticino is a village and comune of the province of Varese in Lombardy, Italy. It is on the banks of the Ticino River, immediately to the west of Strada Provinciale 52 on the western perimeter of Malpensa Airport. In the late 19th century, the town was the site of one of the largest electrical generating facilities in Europe, powered by a canal run from the Ticino. The Caproni aircraft company had a manufacturing facility here and the Gianni Caproni Museum of Aeronautics was situated here from the 1960s to the 1980s.

text:
# Vizzola Ticino

**Vizzola Ticino** is a village and *comune* of the province of Varese in Lombardy, Italy. It is on the banks of the Ticino River, immediately to the west of Strada Provinciale 52 on the western perimeter of Malpensa Airport.

In the late 19th century, the town was the site of one of the largest electrical generating facilities in Europe, powered by a canal run from the Ticino. The Caproni aircraft company had a manufacturing facility here and the Gianni Caproni Museum of Aeronautics was situated here from the 1960s to the 1980s.

## Economy

Nippon Cargo Airlines has its Italy branch in the MXP Business Park in the comune, near Malpensa Airport.

## InfoBox

| Vizzola Ticino | |
| --- | --- |
| *Comune* | |
| Comune di Vizzola Ticino | |
|  | |
| Location of Vizzola Ticino | |
| Vizzola TicinoLocation of Vizzola Ticino in ItalyVizzola TicinoVizzola Ticino (Lombardy) | |
| Coordinates: 45°38′N 08°42′E / 45.633°N 8.700°E / 45.633; 8.700 | |
| Country | Italy |
| Region | Lombardy |
| Province | Varese (VA) |
| Area | |
| Total | 7 km2 (3 sq mi) |
| Population (2018-01-01) | |
| Total | 428 |
| Density | 61/km2 (160/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 21010 |
| Dialing code | 0331 |


title: Tempo (newspaper)

abstract: Tempo was a daily newspaper published in Germany between 1928 and 1933, with Berlin as its main area of distribution.

text:
# Tempo (newspaper)

**Tempo** was a daily newspaper published in Germany between 1928 and 1933, with Berlin as its main area of distribution.

## History

In 1928, the Ullstein Verlag, Germany's biggest publishing house at the time, created *Tempo* as an afternoon paper published between 4pm and 7pm. The first issue appeared on 11 September 1928. According to the Ullstein Verlag, *Tempo* represented the "most modern type of newspaper in Germany" in terms of design, layout and reporting. It appeared in Berliner (format) and was printed on pinkish paper. In the beginning, the paper was published in three different daily editions, with a new one published every hour in order to be able to report on breaking news and developing events. This practice was gradually phased out, however, and from 1930 *Tempo* appeared in only one edition. The paper's reporting often focused on sensational news, such as murders and accidents, and its entertainment section gave much room to the film industry, including Hollywood celebrities. However, in its politics section, it also took a lively part in the Weimar Republic's increasingly volatile political culture. The paper's political line was left-liberal, following the general direction of the Ullstein Verlag, and *Tempo* frequently attacked political enemies, such as the Communist Party of Germany and, later on, the Nazi Party. The paper was itself the target of sustained attacks by these groups, which often condemned *Tempo* as a symbol of the Weimar Republic's supposedly decadent metropolitan culture. In 1930, the Ministry of the Reichswehr filed a lawsuit for treason against *Tempo*’s editor-in-chief, Gustav Kauder, for publishing a report about a secret cooperation between the Reichswehr and the Soviet Red Army. Despite its high profile and sensational nature, *Tempo* often struggled to attract readers, and its daily circulation mostly remained under 150,000 copies. It was discontinued on 5 August 1933, as the first Ullstein paper after the Nazi Machtergreifung.

## Readership

*Tempo* was conceived as a publication for the younger post-war generation, particularly women and white-collar workers, who had come of age under the new democratic order of the Weimar Republic. Ullstein believed that this generation needed a new type of newspaper that would do justice to their changed lifestyle and perspective with a different tone and a stronger focus on modern entertainment, sport and body culture.

## Notable editors and contributors

Manfred George oversaw the cultural section and acted as managing editor. Some of Weimar Germany's best-known writers regularly contributed to *Tempo*, from Kurt Tucholsky to Alexander Roda Roda and Erika Mann.

## *Babylon Berlin*

*Tempo* provided the inspiration for a newspaper of the same name that plays a central role in the third season of the TV series *Babylon Berlin*.

## InfoBox

Tempo
| Front page of *Tempo*, 11 January 1933 | |
| --- | --- |
| Type | Daily newspaper |
| Format | Berliner (format) |
| Publisher | Ullstein Verlag |
| Editor-in-chief | Gustav Kauder |
| Managing editor | Manfred George |
| Founded | 11 September 1928 |
| Political alignment | liberal |
| Language | German |
| Ceased publication | 5 August 1933 |
| Headquarters | Berlin, Germany |
| City | Berlin |
| Country | Germany |
| Circulation | 145,450 (in 1930) |
|  | |


title: Tryhoop Okayama

abstract: The Tryhoop Okayama is a professional basketball team that competes in the third division of the Japanese B.League. They began play in the 2019–2020 season. Their main home court is Zip Arena in Okayama City.

text:
# Tryhoop Okayama

The **Tryhoop Okayama** is a professional basketball team that competes in the third division of the Japanese B.League. They began play in the 2019–2020 season. Their main home court is Zip Arena in Okayama City.

## Coaches

## Roster

| Tryhoop Okayama roster | |
| --- | --- |
| Players | Coaches |
| Pos. No. Nat. Name Ht. Wt. Age   0  Yuito Hanada 1.76 m (5 ft 9 in) 71 kg (157 lb)  22 – (2002-10-06)6 October 2002   2  Yuta Kono 1.90 m (6 ft 3 in) 88 kg (194 lb)  26 – (1998-01-29)29 January 1998   PG 3  Taito Urano 1.70 m (5 ft 7 in) 71 kg (157 lb)  25 – (1999-04-09)9 April 1999   SG 18  Rikuto Okada 1.74 m (5 ft 9 in) 76 kg (168 lb)  31 – (1993-05-07)7 May 1993   SG 22  Yusuke Mukai 1.81 m (5 ft 11 in) 83 kg (183 lb)  33 – (1991-09-10)10 September 1991   27  Sora Suzuki 1.80 m (5 ft 11 in) 82 kg (181 lb)  27 – (1997-04-19)19 April 1997   G/F 31  Keisuke Takabatake 1.83 m (6 ft 0 in) 83 kg (183 lb)  34 – (1990-03-17)17 March 1990   SG 91  Taisei Sato 1.80 m (5 ft 11 in) 78 kg (172 lb)  23 – (2001-05-20)20 May 2001   Alex Murphy 2.06 m (6 ft 9 in) 100 kg (220 lb)  31 – (1993-06-03)3 June 1993 | Head coach Isamu Omori<br>---  Legend * **(C)** Team captain * Injured  ---  Updated: 1 July 2024 |

Note: Flags indicate national team eligibility at FIBA-sanctioned events. Players may hold other non-FIBA nationalities not displayed.

## Notable players

## Arenas

## InfoBox

| Tryhoop Okayama | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Division | Third |
| Leagues | B.League |
| Founded | 2018 |
| Arena | Zip Arena Okayama |
| Location | Okayama, Okayama |
| Team manager | Kenji Hilke |
| Head coach | Kenji Hilke |
| Website | www.tryhoop.com |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Trúc Hồ

abstract: Trúc Hồ is a Vietnamese American musician turned producer, known for his contributions to the musical variety shows Asia, as well as his 24-hour Vietnamese channel Saigon Broadcasting Television Network.

text:
# Trúc Hồ

**Trúc Hồ** (born April 2, 1964) is a Vietnamese American musician turned producer, known for his contributions to the musical variety shows *Asia* (produced by his company Asia Entertainment), as well as his 24-hour Vietnamese channel Saigon Broadcasting Television Network.

## Works

### Notable songs

* Bước Chân Việt Nam - Footprints of Viet Nam
* Con Đường Việt Nam
* Một Ngày Việt Nam
* Việt Nam Niềm Nhớ
* Chúng Tôi Muốn Sống
* Triệu Con Tim
* Cơn Mưa Hạ
* Trái Tim Mùa Đông
* Mưa Tình Cuối Đông
* Một Lần Nữa Thôi
* Dòng Sông Kỷ Niệm
* Em Đã Quên Một Giòng Sông
* Lời Dối Gian Chân Thành
* Làm Thơ Tình Em Đọc
* Làm Lại Từ Đầu
* Yêu Em Âm Thầm
* Tình Đầu Vẫn Khó Phai
* Cát Biển Chiều Nay
* Đỉnh Gió Hú
* Tình Yêu
* Sẽ Hơn Bao Giờ Hết
* Mãi Yêu Người Thôi
* Nếu Không Có Em
* Một Nửa Đời Em
* Giữa Hai Mùa Mưa Nắng
* Như Vạt Nắng
* Trong Cuộc Tình Ân Hận
* Chỉ Là Phù Du Thôi
* Thôi Thế Thì Chia Tay
* Dù Chỉ Một Lần Thôi

### Filmography

* Journey from the Fall as Executive Producer
* Con Mua Ha as a Director
* New Vietnam with Gabriel Diaz as Co-Producer

## Activism

For several years Truc Ho has been an activist for human rights and democracy in Vietnam. His liberal-conservative campaign named "One Million Hearts, One Voice" collected over 135,000 signatures from 63 nations on a petition to be presented to the U.N. Human Rights Council.

## InfoBox

| Trúc Hồ | |
| --- | --- |
| Birth name | Trương Anh Hùng |
| Born | (1964-04-02) April 2, 1964 |
| Origin | Saigon, Vietnam |
| Occupation(s) | songwriter, producer, CEO |
| Years active | 1980–present |
| Labels | Asia Entertainment |


title: Tuffé-Val-de-la-Chéronne

abstract: Tuffé-Val-de-la-Chéronne is a commune in the department of Sarthe, western France. The municipality was established on 1 January 2016 by merger of the former communes of Tuffé and Saint-Hilaire-le-Lierru.

text:
# Tuffé-Val-de-la-Chéronne

**Tuffé-Val-de-la-Chéronne** is a commune in the department of Sarthe, western France. The municipality was established on 1 January 2016 by merger of the former communes of Tuffé and Saint-Hilaire-le-Lierru.

## InfoBox

| Tuffé-Val-de-la-Chéronne | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| The church of Saint-Pierre and Saint-Paul, in Tuffé | |
| Location of Tuffé-Val-de-la-Chéronne | |
| Tuffé-Val-de-la-ChéronneTuffé-Val-de-la-Chéronne | |
| Coordinates: 48°06′50″N 0°31′01″E / 48.114°N 0.517°E / 48.114; 0.517 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Pays de la Loire |
| Department | Sarthe |
| Arrondissement | Mamers |
| Canton | La Ferté-Bernard |
| Area**1** | 29.16 km2 (11.26 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 1,667 |
| Density | 57/km2 (150/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 72363 /72160 |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Tungrovirus

abstract: Tungrovirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Caulimoviridae, order Ortervirales. Monocots and family Poaceae serve as natural hosts. There is only one species in this genus: Rice tungro bacilliform virus. Diseases associated with this genus include: stunting, yellow to orange leaf discoloration with fewer tillers. Tungro means 'degenerated growth' in a Filipino dialect and the virus was first observed in the Philippines 1975.

text:
# Tungrovirus

***Tungrovirus*** is a genus of viruses, in the family *Caulimoviridae*, order *Ortervirales*. Monocots and family Poaceae serve as natural hosts. There is only one species in this genus: *Rice tungro bacilliform virus*. Diseases associated with this genus include: stunting, yellow to orange leaf discoloration with fewer tillers. Tungro means 'degenerated growth' in a Filipino dialect and the virus was first observed in the Philippines 1975.

## Structure

Viruses in *Tungrovirus* are non-enveloped, with icosahedral and bacilliform geometries, and T=3 symmetry. Genomes are circular. The virus withstands temperatures below 63-degree Celsius for 10 minutes. The tungro virus is known to have at least two strains - S and M. The 'S' strain in these varieties produces conspicuous interveinal chlorosis, giving an appearance of yellow stripe and sometimes irregular chlorotic specks on younger leaves. On the other hand, the 'M' strain produces only mottling.

| Genus | Structure | Symmetry | Capsid | Genomic arrangement | Genomic segmentation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *Tungrovirus* | Bacilliform | T=3 | Non-enveloped | Circular | Monopartite |

## Life cycle

Viral replication is nuclear/cytoplasmic. Replication follows the dsDNA(RT) replication model. The method of transcription is dsDNA(RT) transcription. Translation takes place by leaky scanning, and ribosomal shunting. The virus exits the host cell by nuclear pore export, and tubule-guided viral movement. Monocots and family poaceae serve as the natural host. The virus is transmitted via vectors such as aphids and leafhoppers (*e.g. Nephotettix spp.).*

| Genus | Host details | Tissue tropism | Entry details | Release details | Replication site | Assembly site | Transmission |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *Tungrovirus* | Plants | None | Viral movement; mechanical inoculation | Viral movement | Nucleus | Cytoplasm | Mechanical inoculation: aphids |

## Clinical

Tungro affected rice plants are stunted and have reduced numbers of tillers. The young emerging leaves develop interveinal chlorosis leading to discoloration of the leaves, starting from the tips downwards. Often the whole leaf is discolored. Plants infected at an early stage generally die prematurely. Infected plants take more time to mature because of delayed flowering. The panicles are often poorly developed and the grains are also often covered with dark brown blotches and are lighter weight than those of healthy plants.

After twelve days Tungro infection causes little damage, however there is extensive damage after one month. The severe syndrome known as *Tungro disease* is not caused by *RTBV* alone - this requires coinfection with *Rice tungro spherical virus* (*RTSV*).

## Resistance

*Oryza officinalis* in Sukhothai Province, Thailand was reported in 1990 to be highly resistant to tungro and already in use in several cultivars.

1. p. 53, "***Oryza officinalis*** from Sukothai, Thailand, is a good source of resistance to several pests and diseases; it has been used in a number of crosses to derive high-yielding lines with multiple pest resistance."
1. p. 520, "An accession of *O. officinalis* from Thailand showed high resistance to RTD (62), although it is not yet known whether this resistance is due to resistance to the vector, to the viruses themselves, or to some combination of these resistances. Results from recent research indicate that resistance to RTD is present in many wild rice species (R. Ikeda, personal communication), and perhaps some will show resistance to RTBV."

## InfoBox

| *Tungrovirus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Virus classification | |
| (unranked): | Virus |
| *Realm*: | *Riboviria* |
| Kingdom: | *Pararnavirae* |
| Phylum: | *Artverviricota* |
| Class: | *Revtraviricetes* |
| Order: | *Ortervirales* |
| Family: | *Caulimoviridae* |
| Genus: | ***Tungrovirus*** |
|


title: Tungri

abstract: The Tungri were a tribe, or group of tribes, who lived in the Belgic part of Gaul, during the times of the Roman Empire. Within the Roman Empire, their territory was called the Civitas Tungrorum. They were described by Tacitus as being the same people who were first called "Germani" (Germanic), meaning that all other tribes who were later referred to this way, including those in Germania east of the river Rhine, were named after them. More specifically, Tacitus was thereby equating the Tungri with the "Germani Cisrhenani" described generations earlier by Julius Caesar. Their name is the source of several place names in Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands, including Tongeren, which was the capital of their Roman era province, the civitas Tungrorum, and also places such as Tongerlo Abbey, and Tongelre.

text:
# Tungri

The **Tungri** (or **Tongri**, or **Tungrians**) were a tribe, or group of tribes, who lived in the Belgic part of Gaul, during the times of the Roman Empire. Within the Roman Empire, their territory was called the *Civitas Tungrorum*. They were described by Tacitus as being the same people who were first called "*Germani*" (Germanic), meaning that all other tribes who were later referred to this way, including those in Germania east of the river Rhine, were named after them. More specifically, Tacitus was thereby equating the Tungri with the "*Germani Cisrhenani*" described generations earlier by Julius Caesar. Their name is the source of several place names in Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands, including Tongeren, which was the capital of their Roman era province, the *civitas Tungrorum*, and also places such as Tongerlo Abbey, and Tongelre.

## Origins

In a comment in his book *Germania*, Tacitus remarks that *Germani* was the original tribal name of the *Tungri* with whom the Gauls were in contact; among the Gauls the term *Germani* came to be widely applied. The sentence has been the subject of frequent debate about the exact details. Discussing the names of Germanic peoples or races (*gentis appellationes*), Tacitus noted that some names were speculated to be true and ancient, but "Germania" was known by him to be a new term, invented when the term *Germani* came to be applied more widely:

> the term "*Germania*" is recent and newly in use, because those who first crossed the Rhine and expelled the Gauls, now called the Tungri, were then called *Germani*. Thus the name of the nation (*natio*), not the people (*gens*), gradually prevailed, so that all \[east of the Rhine\] came to be referred to with this artificial term *Germani*.

According to Tacitus then, first the victor, the Tungri, used this term to refer to other peoples from the homeland east of the Rhine, which would thus come to be called "*Germania*". They did this "*ob metum*" which could mean "to inspire fear" or "out of fear". In any case, soon other people from *Germania* used this term themselves.

Corresponding to this, some generations earlier, Julius Caesar, on the other hand, did not mention the Tungri but stated that the Condrusi, the Eburones, the Caeroesi and the Paemani, living in the same approximate area as the later Tungri, were "called by the common name of *Germani*" and had settled in Gaul already before the Cimbrian War (113-101 BCE), having come from Germany east of the Rhine. Caesar cited them as providing one collective contribution of men to the Belgic revolt against him within which the Eburones were the most important. The Eburones, who apparently lived as far east as Cologne, were led by Ambiorix and Cativolcus. Also neighbouring these tribes where the Aduatuci, whose origin Caesar describes more specifically as having descended from the Cimbri and Teutones, against whom the Germani had been the only tribe in Gaul to successfully defend themselves. Their descendants, if there were any, presumably lived amongst the Tungri.

Already during the campaign of Caesar, the Tencteri and Usipetes crossed the Rhine for cattle raids on the territories of the Menapii, the Eburones and the Condrusi, giving Caesar an excuse for new military intervention in the area. He pursued them back over the Rhine where they were helped by the Sicambri. Later, Caesar himself encouraged the Sicambri to cross the Rhine into the territory of the Eburones, seeking to plunder the lands of the people whose fortress he had just taken. These tribes who crossed the Rhine and became part of Roman Germania Inferior were themselves apparently heavily influenced by Gaulish culture, some using Gaulish personal names or Gaulish tribal names.

Later, as the area became part of the Roman Empire, some of these tribes from over the Rhine, including the Sicambri and the Ubii, were forced by Tiberius to settle in the northeast of Gaul. Romanized provinces with tribal names developed from the merging of incoming groups with people who had lived there before Caesar. This is a likely origin of both the Tungri and the other tribal groups of Germania Inferior. The Roman *civitas* of the Tungri is smaller than the area which Caesar ascribed to the earlier *Germani Cisrhenani*, with the areas near the Rhine governed as a military frontier, and populated at least partly with soldiers and immigrants from the other side of the Rhine.

The exact history of each of the populations is not known although the areas nearer to the Rhine appear to have had larger-scale immigration, and the Tungri were suspected, according to Tacitus, of having been less influenced in their makeup by that process. Smaller tribal groups such as the Condrusi (one of the Germani tribes mentioned by Caesar) and the Texuandri (perhaps the same as the Eburones) continued to exist as recognized groups for the administrative purpose of mustering troops. To the north of the Tungri, in the Rhine-Maas delta, were the Batavians, a similarly new formation, apparently made up of incoming Chatti, with a possible contribution from the Eburones. To the northeast of the Tungri, near the Rhine, were the Cugerni, who are thought to be Sicambri, and then, around the area of Cologne and Bonn, the Ubii were settled.

## Location

Pliny the Elder is the first writer to mention the Tungri as citizens of Roman Gallia Belgica. In his *Natural History*, he notes that their region...

> ...has a spring of great renown, which sparkles as it bursts forth with bubbles innumerable, and has a certain ferruginous taste, only to be perceived after it has been drunk. This water is strongly purgative, is curative of tertian fevers, and disperses urinary calculi: upon the application of fire it assumes a turbid appearance, and finally turns red

It has been suggested that this refers to the well-known waters of Spa in the province of Liège, or else to waters found at Tongeren, which are suitably iron-bearing, and today referred to as the "Plinius bron".

Apart from Tongeren the capital, both Pliny and Ptolemy's *Geography* are unclear concerning the exact boundaries of the Tungri's country but are understood as placing it east of the Scheldt, and to the north of the *Arduenna Silva* (Forest of Ardennes), somewhere near the middle and lower valley of the *Mosa* (Meuse).

The Eburones had a fort called *Atuatuca* (or *Aduatuca*). Caesar reported that the word *Atuatuca* meant a fortress. Under Roman occupation, a new city *Aduatuca Tungrorum*, modern Tongeren in the Limburg province of Belgium, became the capital city of the region.

Under the Romans, the Tungri *civitas* was first a part of Gallia Belgica, and later split out to join the territories of the Ubii to the southeast, and the Cugerni, who are generally equated with being descended from the Sicambri, to the northeast, and become part of Germania Inferior, which still later evolved into Germania Secunda. In other directions, their neighbours in Roman times were the Belgic Nervii on the west and the Remi and Treveri to the south, all of which were tribes who had been in those regions since before Caesar's campaign.

## Part of the empire

Tacitus in his *Histories* notes two cohorts of Tungri in the civil war of 69 AD.

The Tungri were mentioned in the *Notitia Dignitatum*, an early fifth-century document, in which every military and governmental post in the late Roman Empire was transcribed. The document mentions the Tribune of the First Cohort of Tungri stationed at Vercovicium (Housesteads, Northumberland) on Hadrian's Wall where it was located from 205/208.

The 2nd Cohort of Tungrians, also a *milliaria equitata* (nominally 1000 men strong), was stationed at Birrens fort from 159 to about 184.

Cohors IV Tungrorum was based in Abusina during the second century.

Tausius, the Roman soldier who killed the emperor Pertinax, was a Tungrian.

## Religion

The goddess *Vihansa* (probably meaning 'holy deity') is mentioned on a bronze tablet found near Tongeren and engraved by a centurion dedicating his shield and spear to the deity.

### Bibliography

* Neumann, Günter (1999), "Germani cisrhenani — die Aussage der Namen", in Beck, H.; Geuenich, D.; Steuer, H. (eds.), *Germanenprobleme in heutiger Sicht*, Walter de Gruyter, ISBN 978-3110164381

## Further reading

* Vanvinckenroye, W. "De Tungri : «Collaborateurs» Van De Romeinen !" L'Antiquité Classique 67 (1998): 249–51. www.jstor.org/stable/41659714.


title: Tungsenia

abstract: Tungsenia is an extinct genus of basal tetrapodomorph bony fish known from the ~409 mya of northeastern Yunnan Province, China. Its remains were discovered in the Posongchong Formation. It is the basalmost known tetrapodomorph.

text:
# Tungsenia

***Tungsenia*** is an extinct genus of basal tetrapodomorph bony fish known from the ~409 mya (Early Devonian) of northeastern Yunnan Province, China. Its remains were discovered in the Posongchong Formation. It is the basalmost known tetrapodomorph.

## InfoBox

| *Tungsenia*
Temporal range: Early Devonian, | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Tungsenia paradoxa* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| *Clade*: | Sarcopterygii |
| *Clade*: | Tetrapodomorpha |
| Genus: | *Tungsenia*
Lu *et al.*, 2012 |
|
| Type species | |
| ***Tungsenia paradoxa***
Lu *et al.*, 2012 | |


title: Tully Falls

abstract: The Tully Falls, a horsetail chute waterfall on the Tully River, is located in the UNESCO World Heritage–listed Wet Tropics in the Far North region of Queensland, Australia. It formed the eastern boundary of the Dyirbal.

text:
# Tully Falls

The **Tully Falls**, a horsetail chute waterfall on the Tully River, is located in the UNESCO World Heritagelisted Wet Tropics in the Far North region of Queensland, Australia. It formed the eastern boundary of the Dyirbal.

## Location and features

From the Atherton Tableland at an approximate elevation of 673 metres (2,208 ft) above sea level, the falls descend in the range of 180–210 metres (590–690 ft) into the Tully Gorge National Park, near the town of Ravenshoe. Access to the falls is via a 1.6-kilometre (0.99 mi) graded track.

Most of the water that would have otherwise flowed over the falls has been diverted to the Kareeya Hydro Power Station and dammed by Koombooloomba Dam. As a result, the falls flow only during a big wet season.

## InfoBox

| Tully Falls | |
| --- | --- |
| Tully Falls, in 1959 | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | Far North Queensland, Australia |
| Coordinates | 17°47′00″S 145°34′00″E / 17.78333°S 145.56667°E / -17.78333; 145.56667 |
| Type | Horsetail chute |
| Elevation | 673 metres (2,208 ft) AHD |
| Total height | 180–210 metres (590–690 ft) |
| Number of drops | 1 |
| Watercourse | Tully River |


title: Tu Hai Mera Sunday

abstract: Tu Hai Mera Sunday is a 2016 Indian Hindi slice of life film written and directed by Milind Dhaimade and produced by Varun Shah, starring Barun Sobti, Shahana Goswami, Avinash Tiwary, Vishal Malhotra, Rasika Dugal, and Shiv Kumar Subramaniam. It is the story of a group of five friends in the noisy, crowded city of Mumbai, and what follows when their Sunday football game on the beach is canceled. The music was composed by Amartya Bobo Rahut.

text:
# Tu Hai Mera Sunday

***Tu Hai Mera Sunday*** (transl.You are my Sunday) is a 2016 Indian Hindi slice of life film written and directed by Milind Dhaimade and produced by Varun Shah, starring Barun Sobti, Shahana Goswami, Avinash Tiwary, Vishal Malhotra, Rasika Dugal, and Shiv Kumar Subramaniam. It is the story of a group of five friends in the noisy, crowded city of Mumbai, and what follows when their Sunday football game on the beach is canceled. The music was composed by Amartya Bobo Rahut.

## Cast

## Plot

The movie revolves around five friends who are looking for some free space in a busy city like Mumbai to play football, a game that helps them to escape the harsh realities of their own lives.

## Soundtrack

The soundtrack was composed by Amartya Bobo Rahut and was released on Zee Music Company label. All the lyrics have been written by Milind Dhaimade, who is also the film's director.

Tracklist
| No. | Title | Artist(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Thodi Si Jagah" | Arijit Singh | 4:32 |
| 2. | "Dhoondlo" | Arijit Singh | 4:32 |
| 3. | "Yeh Mera Mann" | Ash King | 3:54 |
| 4. | "Tu Hai Mera Sunday" | Shalmali Kholgade | 3:40 |
| 5. | "Yeh Jo Pyaar Hai" | Nandini Srikar | 3:38 |
| Total length: | | | 20:26 |

## Reception

*The Indian Express* praised the film, remarking, "Dhaimade is clearly skilled at creating life-like characters who feel as if they are people you could know, tics and all. ‘Tu Hai Mera Sunday’ is a feel-good, light-hearted yarn. And it comes at a time when that precious, vanishing space—middle-of-the-road and realistic, not too shiny or too drab but just right—needs an urgent refill. I guarantee you will leave smiling."

*NDTV.com* reviewed, "Milind Dhaimade's *Tu Hai Mera Sunday* is a film so nice it borders on the naive. It is ostensibly about the lack of space to play in a city too busy to stop being busy, but it is about so much more. It is about the city itself, Bombay, and its bizarre, beautiful inhabitants, the impossible people who hold this precarious place together with dreams and duct-tape. It is about the need to stop to smell the roses and the intent to walk away from that which does not make you happy. It is about friendship, and love, and the importance of an occasional outburst. This is, sweetly and surely, a film that cares."

*Scroll.in* wrote, "Despite tackling heavyweight themes, *Tu Hai Mera Sunday* has none of the angst associated with the Mumbai movie – the narrative is less pressure cooker than a gently simmering pot."

*Film Companion* wrote, "Starring Barun Sobti and Shahana Goswami, this film about the lack of space in Mumbai is elevated into a profound zone thanks to director Milind Dhaimade's understanding of fragile middle-class dynamics"

*Hindustan Times* gave it 3/5 stars and reviewed, "However, *Tu Hai Mera Sunday* tries to talk about many issues in 126 minutes. The heated arguments sometimes look forced. The firm grips on the audience slacks somewhere in the second half. But thanks to his actors, director Milind Dhaimade manages to sail through these scenes and still conveys a very positive vibe about *Tu Hai Mera Sunday*."

## InfoBox

| Tu Hai Mera Sunday | |
| --- | --- |
| Film poster | |
| Directed by | Milind Dhaimade |
| Written by | Milind Dhaimade |
| Produced by | Varun Shah |
| Starring | Barun Sobti
Shahana Goswami
Vishal Malhotra
Avinash Tiwary
Rasika Dugal
Maanvi Gagroo
Nakul Bhalla
Jay Upadhyay
Shiv Kumar Subramaniam |
| Cinematography | Harendra Singh |
| Edited by | Shyam Salgoankar |
| Music by | Amartya Bobo Rahut |
| Release date | * 6 October 2016 (2016-10-06) (Cannes) |
| Running time | 1:59:00 |
| Country | India |
| Language | Hindi |


title: Tumulla railway station

abstract: Tumulla was a crossing loop part way up the steep Tumulla Bank on the Main Western railway line in New South Wales, Australia.

text:
# Tumulla railway station

**Tumulla** was a crossing loop part way up the steep Tumulla Bank on the Main Western railway line in New South Wales, Australia.

## Overview

The loop opened in 1910, and was signalled for Up and Down Working. The loop was about 400m long.

Because of the steep grades, there was a safety siding at the down hill end of the up loop in case of runaways. There was also a catchpoint at the down hill end of the down loop.

The loop was closed around 1990.

## Adjacent stations

33°30′00″S 149°32′00″E / 33.50000°S 149.53333°E / -33.50000; 149.53333


title: Tumult Records

abstract: Tumult Records is an independent record label in San Francisco run by Andee Connors. It has released music by Acid Mothers Temple, Avarus, Brainbombs, Circle, Eikenskaden, Guapo, Harvey Milk, Leviathan, The Margins, The Ohsees, Skullflower, and Souled American. In 2007, plans were made for a sublabel of tUMULt named Heavy Rescue, aiming to rerelease "lost eighties metal classics." That project seems to still be unrealized.

text:
# Tumult Records

**Tumult Records** (stylized **tUMULt**) is an independent record label in San Francisco run by Andee Connors (also of Aquarius Records). It has released music by Acid Mothers Temple, Avarus, Brainbombs, Circle, Eikenskaden, Guapo, Harvey Milk, Leviathan, The Margins, The Ohsees, Skullflower, and Souled American.

In 2007, plans were made for a sublabel of tUMULt named Heavy Rescue, aiming to rerelease "lost eighties metal classics." That project seems to still be unrealized.

## InfoBox

| Tumult Records | |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | 1999 (1999) |
| Founder | Andee Connors |
| Country of origin | U.S. |
| Location | San Francisco, California |
| Official website | tumult.net |


title: Turkel

abstract:
Turkel is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
  - Ann Turkel, American actress and former model
  - Bruce Turkel, creative entrepreneur, speaker, and branding expert
  - Eli Turkel, Israeli applied mathematician, Professor of Applied Mathematics at the School of Mathematical Sciences, Tel Aviv University
  - Jacob Turkel, Israeli judge, former Supreme Court of Israel Justice
  - Joe Turkel (1927–2022), American character actor of film and television
  - Nury Turkel, Uyghur American attorney, public official and human rights advocate

text:
# Turkel

**Turkel** is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

* Ann Turkel (born 1946), American actress and former model
* Bruce Turkel (born 1957), creative entrepreneur, speaker, and branding expert
* Eli Turkel, Israeli applied mathematician, Professor of Applied Mathematics at the School of Mathematical Sciences, Tel Aviv University
* Jacob Turkel (born 1935), Israeli judge, former Supreme Court of Israel Justice
* Joe Turkel (1927–2022), American character actor of film and television
* Nury Turkel (born 1970), Uyghur American attorney, public official and human rights advocate


title: Tucumcari Mountain

abstract: Tucumcari Mountain, once referred to as Tucumcari Peak or Mesa Tucumcari, is a mesa situated just outside Tucumcari, New Mexico. Where the mountain got its name is uncertain. It may have come from the Comanche word "tukamukaru", which means to lie in wait for someone or something to approach. A 1777 burial record mentions a Comanche woman and her child captured in a battle at Cuchuncari, which is believed to be an early version of the name Tucumcari. Pedro Vial referred to the mountain in 1793, while opening a trail between Santa Fe and St. Louis. Captain Randolph B. Marcy led an expedition past it in 1849. The French-American geologist Jules Marcou studied the geology of Tucumcari Mountain in 1853 and claimed that the Tucumcari strata were of Jurassic age. The Texas geologist, Robert T. Hill, visited "Mesa Tucumcari" in 1887 and again in 1891, and eventually concluded that the Tucumcari strata were much younger Cretaceous deposits, not Jurassic as suggested by Marcou. Also in 1891, William F. Cummins of the Geological Survey of Texas studied Tucumcari Mountain and his careful observations of the strata established beyond doubt the Cretaceous age of the Tucumcari beds. The town of Tucumcari was founded in 1901 and, in 1908, took its name—both in real life and in legend—from the mountain. Residents of the town of Tucumcari have painted a hillside letter T on the mountain. A cartoon version of this mountain appears in Cars with 'RS' substituted for Tucumcari's 'T'.

text:
# Tucumcari Mountain

**Tucumcari Mountain**, once referred to as **Tucumcari Peak** or **Mesa Tucumcari**, is a mesa situated just outside Tucumcari, New Mexico.

Where the mountain got its name is uncertain. It may have come from the Comanche word "tukamukaru", which means to lie in wait for someone or something to approach. A 1777 burial record mentions a Comanche woman and her child captured in a battle at Cuchuncari, which is believed to be an early version of the name Tucumcari.

Pedro Vial referred to the mountain in 1793, while opening a trail between Santa Fe and St. Louis. Captain Randolph B. Marcy led an expedition past it in 1849. The French-American geologist Jules Marcou studied the geology of Tucumcari Mountain in 1853 and claimed that the Tucumcari strata were of Jurassic age. The Texas geologist, Robert T. Hill, visited "Mesa Tucumcari" in 1887 and again in 1891, and eventually concluded that the Tucumcari strata were much younger Cretaceous deposits, not Jurassic as suggested by Marcou. Also in 1891, William F. Cummins of the Geological Survey of Texas studied Tucumcari Mountain and his careful observations of the strata established beyond doubt the Cretaceous age of the Tucumcari beds.

The town of Tucumcari was founded in 1901 and, in 1908, took its name—both in real life and in legend—from the mountain. Residents of the town of Tucumcari have painted a hillside letter *T* on the mountain. A cartoon version of this mountain appears in *Cars* with 'RS' (for Radiator Springs) substituted for Tucumcari's 'T'.

## InfoBox

| Tucumcari Mountain | |
| --- | --- |
| Mesa Tucumcari viewed from the west. | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 4,976 ft (1,517 m)NAVD 88 |
| Coordinates | 35°08′04″N 103°41′55″W / 35.13453091°N 103.69871754°W / 35.13453091; -103.69871754 |
| Geography | |
| Tucumcari MountainLocation in New Mexico | |
| Location | Quay County, New Mexico, U.S. |
| Topo map | USGS Tucumcari |
| Geology | |
| Age of rock | Cretaceous |
| Climbing | |
| Easiest route | Drive (private land) |


title: Tsutsujigaoka Park

abstract: Tsutsujigaoka Park The Tsutsujigaoka Park is a Japanese garden located in the city of Tatebayashi, Gunma Prefecture, Japan, which is a nationally designated Place of Scenic Beauty. It is also one of then "100 Japanese historical parks" designated in 2006 by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism to mark the 50th anniversary of the Urban Parks Law.

text:
# Tsutsujigaoka Park

The **Tsutsujigaoka Park** (躑躅ヶ岡公園, *Tsutsujigaoka Kōen*) is a Japanese garden located in the city of Tatebayashi, Gunma Prefecture, Japan, which is a nationally designated Place of Scenic Beauty. It is also one of then "100 Japanese historical parks" designated in 2006 by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism to mark the 50th anniversary of the Urban Parks Law.

## Overview

This park was originally a garden for the *daimyō* of Tatebayashi Domain and was constructed in the early Edo period. It contains about 10,000 azalea plants, some of which are over 800 years old and is a popular sightseeing spot in Gunma Prefecture when the plants bloom from late April to early May. The park formerly contained a greenhouse with exotic plants (closed in 2010) and an aquarium (closed in 2015). The park has a total area of 49,890 square meters. It was designated a National Place of Scenic Beauty in 1934.

It is located about 25 minutes on foot from Tatebayashi Station on the Tobu Railway Isesaki Line.

It is featured as the 'ha' card in Jomo Karuta.

Media related to Tsutsujigaoka Park (Tatebayashi) at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Tsutsujigaoka Park | |
| --- | --- |
| 躑躅ヶ岡公園 | |
| Tsutsujigaoka Park | |
|  | |
| Type | Japanese garden |
| Location | Tatebayashi, Gunma, Japan |
| Coordinates | 36°14′33.2″N 139°33′11.1″E / 36.242556°N 139.553083°E / 36.242556; 139.553083 |
| Area | 49,890 square meters |
| Created | Edo period |
| Status | Open |
| National Palace of Scenic Beauty | |


title: N-acetyllactosamine synthase

abstract: N-acetyllactosamine synthase is a galactosyltransferase enzyme. It is a component of lactose synthase This enzyme modifies the connection between two molecule UDP-galactose and N-actyl-D-glucosamine and generates two different molecules UDP and N-acetyllactosamine as products. The main function of the enzyme is associated with the biosynthesis of glycoproteins and glycolipids in both human and animals. In human, the activity of this enzyme can be found in Golgi apparatus. It is classified under EC 2.4.1.90. The lack of this enzyme leads to glycolysation which is a serious neurological disease. The nature of the disease causes fluid in the brain, abnormal inflammatory response and abnormal bleeding issues.

text:
# N-acetyllactosamine synthase

**N-acetyllactosamine synthase** is a galactosyltransferase enzyme. It is a component of lactose synthase This enzyme modifies the connection between two molecule UDP-galactose and N-actyl-D-glucosamine and generates two different molecules UDP and N-acetyllactosamine as products. The main function of the enzyme is associated with the biosynthesis of glycoproteins and glycolipids in both human and animals. In human, the activity of this enzyme can be found in Golgi apparatus.

It is classified under EC 2.4.1.90.

The lack of this enzyme leads to glycolysation which is a serious neurological disease. The nature of the disease causes fluid in the brain, abnormal inflammatory response and abnormal bleeding issues.

## InfoBox

| N-acetyllactosamine synthase | |
| --- | --- |
| Identifiers | |
| EC no. | 2.4.1.90 |
| CAS no. | 9054-94-8 |
| Databases | |
| IntEnz | IntEnz view |
| BRENDA | BRENDA entry |
| ExPASy | NiceZyme view |
| KEGG | KEGG entry |
| MetaCyc | metabolic pathway |
| PRIAM | profile |
| PDB structures | RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum |
| Search  PMC articles  PubMed articles  NCBI proteins | |


title: Uncloudy Day

abstract: Uncloudy Day, also known as Unclouded Day, is a gospel song. Originally popular in church hymnals, it has come to be recorded many times over the years since, including being an early attention-getter for future star act the Staple Singers. In 1956, their version served as an inspiration to Bob Dylan, who called it "the most mysterious thing I'd ever heard".

text:
# Uncloudy Day

**Uncloudy Day**, also known as **Unclouded Day**, is a gospel song. Originally popular in church hymnals, it has come to be recorded many times over the years since, including being an early attention-getter for future star act the Staple Singers. In 1956, their version served as an inspiration to Bob Dylan, who called it "the most mysterious thing I'd ever heard".

## Song history

Alwood related a story about the event that inspired the song:

> It was a balmy night in August 1879, when returning from a debate in Spring Hill, Ohio, to my home in Morenci, Michigan, about 1:00 a.m. I saw a beautiful rainbow north by northwest against a dense black nimbus cloud. The sky was all perfectly clear except this dark cloud which covered about forty degrees of the horizon and extended about halfway to the zenith. The phenomenon was entirely new to me and my nerves refreshed by the balmy air and the lovely sight. Old Morpheus was playing his sweetest lullaby. Another mile of travel, a few moments of time, a fellow of my size was ensconced in sweet home and wrapped in sweet sleep. A first class know-nothing till rosy-sweet morning was wide over the fields.
>
> To awake and look abroad and remember the night was to be filled with sweet melody. A while at the organ brought forth a piece of music now known as "The Unclouded Day." A Day and a half was bestowed on the four stanzas.
>
> *A Rainbow at Midnight and A Song With Morning* (1896)

The Staple Singers covered this song in 1956, 16-year-old Mavis Staples providing deep-voiced, soulful vocals that most assumed had come from an older woman expressing great experience, or even a man. It was also covered by the outlaw country singer Willie Nelson in 1977, featured on his album *The Troublemaker*, and performed by both Nelson and Vermont rock band Phish at Farm Aid in 1998.

Among other artists to have recorded this song are Gloria Lynne (1954), Johnny Cash (1970), B. J. Thomas, Willie Nelson (1976), Rory Block (1981), Myrna Summers (1981), Don Henley (1982), Doc Watson (1990), Sons of the San Joaquin (1997), Randy Travis (2003), Brad Paisley (2005), Brenda Lee (2007), The Blind Boys of Alabama (2008) and Audra Mae (2011).

## Lyrics

O they tell me of a home far beyond the skies,
O they tell me of a home far away;
O they tell me of a home where no storm clouds rise,
O they tell me of an unclouded day.
\[Refrain\]
O the land of cloudless day,
O the land of an unclouded day,
O they tell me of a home where no storm clouds rise,
O they tell me of an unclouded day.
O they tell me of a home where my friends have gone,
O they tell me of that land far away,
Where the tree of life in eternal bloom
Sheds its fragrance through the unclouded day.
\[Refrain\]
O they tell me of a King in His beauty there,
And they tell me that mine eyes shall behold
Where He sits on the throne that is whiter than snow,
In the city that is made of gold.
\[Refrain\]
O they tell me that He smiles on His children there,
And His smile drives their sorrows all away;
And they tell me that no tears ever come again
In that lovely land of unclouded day.

## InfoBox

| "Uncloudy Day" | |
| --- | --- |
| Song by Traditional | |
| Released | 1982 (1982) |
| Recorded | 11 September 1982 |
| Studio | Universal Recording Corp (Chicago) |
| Genre | Gospel music |
| Length | 3:00 |
| Label | Vee-Jay Records |
| Songwriter(s) | J.K. Alwood |


title: Esoteric Christianity

abstract: Esoteric Christianity is a mystical approach to Christianity which features "secret traditions" that require an initiation to learn or understand. The term esoteric was coined in the 17th century and derives from the Greek ἐσωτερικός. These spiritual currents share some common features, such as heterodox or heretical Christian theology; the canonical gospels, various apocalyptic literature, and some New Testament apocrypha as sacred texts; and disciplina arcani, a supposed oral tradition from the Twelve Apostles containing esoteric teachings of Jesus the Christ. Esoteric Christianity is closely related to Gnosticism, and survives in a few modern churches. There are also esoteric Christian Societies such as the Societas Rosicruciana in Anglia.

text:
# Esoteric Christianity

**Esoteric Christianity** is a mystical approach to Christianity which features "secret traditions" that require an initiation to learn or understand. The term *esoteric* was coined in the 17th century and derives from the Greek ἐσωτερικός (*esôterikos*, "inner").

These spiritual currents share some common features, such as heterodox or heretical Christian theology; the canonical gospels, various apocalyptic literature, and some New Testament apocrypha as sacred texts; and *disciplina arcani*, a supposed oral tradition from the Twelve Apostles containing esoteric teachings of Jesus the Christ.

Esoteric Christianity is closely related to Gnosticism, and survives in a few modern churches.

There are also esoteric Christian Societies such as the Societas Rosicruciana in Anglia.

## History

### Ancient roots

Some modern scholars believe that in the early stages of proto-orthodox Christianity, a nucleus of oral teachings were inherited from Palestinian and Hellenistic Judaism. In the 4th century, it was believed to form the basis of a secret oral tradition which came to be called *disciplina arcani*. Mainstream theologians, however, believe that it contained only liturgical details and certain other traditions which remain a part of some branches of mainstream Christianity. Important influences on esoteric Christianity are the Christian theologians Clement of Alexandria and Origen, the leading figures of the Catechetical School of Alexandria.

### Present-day denominations

A denomination of esoteric Christianity is The Christian Community. It focuses on the experiential aspect of sacraments, with the Eucharist serving as "the Rite of the Consecration of Man".

Scholar Jan Shipps describes the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints as having esoteric elements.

## Concepts

### Reincarnation

Influenced by the Platonic doctrine of metempsychosis, reincarnation of the soul was accepted by most Gnostic Christian sects such as Valentinianism and the Basilidians, but denied by the proto-orthodox one. While hypothetically considering a complex multiple-world transmigration scheme in *De Principiis*, Origen denies reincarnation in his work *Against Celsus* and elsewhere.

Despite this apparent contradiction, most modern esoteric Christian movements refer to Origen's writings (along with other Church Fathers and biblical passages) to validate these ideas as part of the esoteric Christian tradition outside of the Gnostic schools, who were later considered heretical in the 3rd century.

## Further reading


title: Prunus grisea

abstract: Prunus grisea is a species of plant in the family Rosaceae. It is found in Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Taiwan. It was published and described by Cornelis Kalkman in 'Blumea' vol.13 on page 56 in 1965.

text:
# Prunus grisea

***Prunus grisea*** is a species of plant in the family Rosaceae. It is found in Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Taiwan.

It was published and described by Cornelis Kalkman in 'Blumea' vol.13 on page 56 in 1965.

## InfoBox

| *Prunus grisea* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 2.3) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Rosales |
| Family: | Rosaceae |
| Genus: | *Prunus* |
| Subgenus: | *Prunus subg. Padus* |
| Species: | ***P. grisea*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Prunus grisea***
(Blume ex Müll.Berol.) Kalkm. | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Germaria latifolia* C.Presl * *Pygeum arboreum* Backer & Bakh.f. * *Pygeum celebicum* Miq. * *Pygeum confusum* Blume ex Müll.Berol. * *Pygeum costatum* Koehne not Hemsley * *Pygeum decipiens* Koehne * *Pygeum gitingense* Elmer * *Pygeum griseum* Blume ex Müll.Berol. * *Pygeum lanceolatum* Hook.f. * *Pygeum lanceolatum* var. *valetonianum* Koehne * *Pygeum latifolium* Miq. * *Pygeum latifolium* (C.Presl) Rehder * *Pygeum latifolium* f. *genuinum* Koord. & Valeton * *Pygeum latifolium* var. *nervosum* Koord. & Valeton * *Pygeum latiphyllum* Elmer * *Pygeum melanocarpum* Merr. & L.M.Perry * *Pygeum neglectum* Koehne * *Pygeum parviflorum* A.Meeuse & Adelb. * *Pygeum preslii* Merr. * *Pygeum preslii* var. *latifolium* (C.Presl) Koehne * *Pygeum preslii* var. *vulgare* Koehne * *Pygeum timorense* Koehne * *Pygeum vulgare* (Koehne) Merr. | |


title: Mir Bacha Kot District

abstract: Mir Bacha Kot District is situated in the central part of Kabul Province, Afghanistan. It has a population of 5,000 and another 37,000 are expected to return in the near future. Tajiks are the majority and some Pashtuns also live there. Mir Bacha Kot district borders Shakardara District to the west, Guldara and Kalakan districts to the north, and Deh Sabz District to the east. Its headquarters is Mir Bacha Kot village, which is located in the central part of the district, 25 km north of Kabul. The district was almost fully destroyed during the war and now is undergoing a rebuilding process. The main source of income is agriculture.

text:
# Mir Bacha Kot District

**Mir Bacha Kot District** is situated in the central part of Kabul Province, Afghanistan. It has a population of 5,000 and another 37,000 are expected to return in the near future (2002 official UNHCR est.). Tajiks are the majority and some Pashtuns also live there.

Mir Bacha Kot district borders Shakardara District to the west, Guldara and Kalakan districts to the north, and Deh Sabz District to the east. Its headquarters is Mir Bacha Kot village, which is located in the central part of the district, 25 km north of Kabul. The district was almost fully destroyed during the war and now is undergoing a rebuilding process. The main source of income is agriculture.

## InfoBox

| Mir Bacha Kot District | |
| --- | --- |
| District | |
| Location in Kabul Province | |
| Mir Bacha Kot District | |
| Coordinates: 34°43′38″N 69°07′06″E / 34.7272°N 69.1183°E / 34.7272; 69.1183 | |
| Country | Afghanistan |
| Province | Kabul Province |
| Capital | Mir Bacha Kot |
| Population (2015) | |
| Total | 53,402 |
| Time zone | UTC+04:30 (AST) |


title: Yashmak

abstract: A yashmak, yashmac or yasmak is a Turkish and Turkmen type of veil or niqāb worn by women to cover their faces in public. Today, there is almost no usage of this garment in Turkey. In Turkmenistan, however, it is still consciously used by some married women in the presence of elder relatives of a husband.

text:
# Yashmak

A **yashmak**, **yashmac** or **yasmak** (from Turkish *yaşmak*, "a veil") is a Turkish and Turkmen type of veil or niqāb worn by women to cover their faces in public. Today, there is almost no usage of this garment in Turkey. In Turkmenistan, however, it is still consciously used by some married women in the presence of elder relatives of a husband.

## Description

Unlike an ordinary veil, a yashmak contains a head-veil and a face-veil in one, thus consisting of two pieces of fine muslin, one tied across the face under the nose, and the other tied across the forehead draping the head.

A yashmak can also include a rectangle of woven black horsehair attached close to the temples and sloping down like an awning to cover the face, called **peçe**, or it can be a veil covered with pieces of lace, having slits for the eyes, tied behind the head by strings and sometimes supported over the nose by a small piece of gold.

## Sources


title: Yashmakia

abstract: Yashmakia is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae described by Warren in 1901.

text:
# Yashmakia

***Yashmakia*** is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae described by Warren in 1901.

## Species

## InfoBox

| *Yashmakia* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Yashmakia orsinephes | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Geometridae |
| Subfamily: | Ennominae |
| Tribe: | Baptini |
| Genus: | ***Yashmakia***<br>Warren, 1901 |
|


title: Ylva Thörn

abstract: Ylva Thörn is a Swedish politician and former trade unionist. Born in Åtvidaberg, Thörn became a nursing assistant in 1974, initially in Åtvidaberg and then in Linköping. She joined the Swedish Municipal Workers' Union (Kommunal), and began working full-time for the union in 1987, as a regional officer. She became president of Kommunal in 1996, and in 2002 additionally became president of the Public Services International. Thörn left her union posts in 2010, and started working for the Swedish Social Democratic Party, becoming deputy general secretary of the party in 2012. In 2015, she was appointed as Governor of Dalarna County.

text:
# Ylva Thörn

**Ylva Thörn** (born 2 August 1954) is a Swedish politician and former trade unionist.

Born in Åtvidaberg, Thörn became a nursing assistant in 1974, initially in Åtvidaberg and then in Linköping. She joined the Swedish Municipal Workers' Union (Kommunal), and began working full-time for the union in 1987, as a regional officer. She became president of Kommunal in 1996, and in 2002 additionally became president of the Public Services International.

Thörn left her union posts in 2010, and started working for the Swedish Social Democratic Party, becoming deputy general secretary of the party in 2012. In 2015, she was appointed as Governor of Dalarna County.


title: Myriapora

abstract:
Myriapora is a genus of bryozoans belonging to the family Myriaporidae. The genus has almost cosmopolitan distribution. Species:
  - Myriapora beyrichi
  - Myriapora bugei d'Hondt, 1975
  - Myriapora fungiformis Vavra, 1983
  - Myriapora kuhni Vávra, 2011
  - Myriapora operculata
  - Myriapora orientalis
  - Myriapora sciutoi Rosso & di Martino, 2015
  - Myriapora simplex
  - Myriapora truncata

text:
# Myriapora

***Myriapora*** is a genus of bryozoans belonging to the family Myriaporidae.

The genus has almost cosmopolitan distribution.

Species:

## InfoBox

| *Myriapora* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Myriapora truncata (a species within the genus) | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Bryozoa |
| Class: | Gymnolaemata |
| Order: | Cheilostomatida |
| Family: | Myriaporidae |
| Genus: | *Myriapora*<br>de Blainville, 1830 |
|


title: Yin Yuan

abstract: Yin Yuan, Yin-yuan, Yinyuan may refer to:

text:
# Yin Yuan

**Yin Yuan**, **Yin-yuan**, **Yinyuan** may refer to:

## People and characters

### Given name Yinyuan, Yin-yuan

* Li Yinyuan (Chinese: 李荫远; 1919–2016), Chinese academic
* Prince Yinyuan (Chinese: 胤禐; born 1718), son of Qing Dynasty Kangxi Emperor

### Given name Yin, Surname Yuan

### Surname Yuanyin

* Yinyuan Longqi (Chinese: 隱元隆琦; 1592–1673), Chinese monk in Japan, known as Ingen

## Places

* Yinyuan (simplified Chinese: 因远镇; traditional Chinese: 因遠鎮; pinyin: *Yīnyuǎn-zhèn*), Yunnan, China

## Other uses

* Yin Yuan Stone, Mount Danxia, Renhua, Guangdong, China; a natural feature


title: Ye Fei

abstract: Ye Fei was a Philippine-born Chinese military general and politician of the People's Republic of China. Born Sixto Mercado Tiongco in the Philippines to a Chinese father and a Filipino mother, he joined the Chinese Communist Party at a young age and fought many battles as a senior commander of the People's Liberation Army in the Chinese Civil War. At age 40, he was among the first PLA commanders to be awarded the rank of General by the newly established People's Republic of China and later served as Commander-in-Chief of the Chinese Navy. He also served in a number of civilian posts including Governor and Communist Party Chief of Fujian Province, and Minister of Transport.

text:
# Ye Fei

**Ye Fei** (simplified Chinese: 叶飞; traditional Chinese: 葉飛; pinyin: *Yè Fēi*; 7 May 1914 – 18 April 1999) was a Philippine-born Chinese military general and politician of the People's Republic of China. Born **Sixto Mercado Tiongco** in the Philippines to a Chinese father and a Filipino mother, he joined the Chinese Communist Party at a young age and fought many battles as a senior commander of the People's Liberation Army in the Chinese Civil War. At age 40, he was among the first PLA commanders to be awarded the rank of General by the newly established People's Republic of China and later served as Commander-in-Chief of the Chinese Navy. He also served in a number of civilian posts including Governor and Communist Party Chief of Fujian Province, and Minister of Transport.

## Early life

### Birth in the Philippines

Ye Fei was born Sixto Mercado Tiongco on 7 May 1914 in the town of Tiaong in the then-named Tayabas Province, in the Philippines. His father was Yap Sun Uy (葉蓀衛; Yap is the Minnan pronunciation of the Chinese surname Ye), a Chinese merchant from Nan'an, Fujian Province who had moved to the Philippines in 1900 and adopted the Philippine name Tiongco. Yap converted to Catholicism in order to get approval of the parents to marry Ye Fei's mother Francisca Mercado, a Filipina from a local Catholic family. Ye Fei's original Chinese name was **Ye Qiheng** (葉啟亨).

### Youth in China

In 1919 Ye Fei, then four years old, and his older brother Ye Qicun (葉啟存), were brought by their father to his Chinese hometown for schooling. Starting in 1926 he attended Zhongshan Middle School in Xiamen and then the Thirteenth High School of Fujian.

Ye Fei joined the underground Communist Youth League of China in May 1928, and the Chinese Communist Party in March 1932. In 1932 he was arrested by the Kuomintang government of the Republic of China and sentenced to a year in prison. As he was a Philippine citizen, his parents managed to arrange for his extradition to the Philippines (then a United States territory under the Insular Government of the Philippine Islands), and his mother set out for China to take him back. However, by the time Francisca Mercado reached Hong Kong, Ye Fei was already released from prison. Telling his mother that he was going to study in Japan, he instead went to Fujian to help establish the Communist guerrilla there.

## Wartime career

### Chinese Civil War

In 1934 the Communist Chinese Red Army suffered a series of defeats by Chiang Kai-shek's Kuomintang forces, and started the Long March. With the escape of the Communist leadership from neighbouring Jiangxi Province to remote Shaanxi Province, Ye Fei's Eastern Fujian guerrilla was cut off from the main Communist forces and fought in isolation for three years. His older brother Ye Qicun was killed in the late 1930s by the Kuomintang.

### Second Sino-Japanese War

After the eruption of the Second Sino-Japanese War, the civil war between the Communists and Kuomintang was suspended, and the two parties agreed to form a Second United Front to fight the invading Japanese. Ye Fei was made a regiment commander in the newly formed New Fourth Army and moved to the Jiangnan region to continue his guerrilla warfare, this time against the Japanese occupying force. His early activities included 1939 attacks on the Japanese-controlled Shanghai–Nanjing Railway and Shanghai Hongqiao Airport.

In 1940 Ye Fei moved across the Yangtze River to northern Jiangsu Province to continue fighting the Japanese as well as the Kuomintang, the nominal ally of the Communists. He was appointed the commander of the first column of the Northern Jiangsu division of the New Fourth Army under the leadership of Su Yu. In October, he annihilated a Kuomintang brigade in the Battle of Huangqiao. In 1944, he commanded the Communist force in the Battle of Cheqiao defeating the Japanese. The next year he was appointed commander of the Central Jiangsu military region and deputy commander of the Jiangsu-Zhejiang military region.

### Resumption of Civil War

After the surrender of Japan at the end of World War II, talks between the Communists and the Kuomintang broke down and the Chinese Civil War resumed. As a senior commander Ye Fei participated in numerous battles including the Menglianggu Campaign and the Huaihai Campaign. In February 1949 he was appointed Commander of the 10th Army Group of the People's Liberation Army.

In April 1949 Ye Fei's forces attacked HMS Amethyst on the Yangtze River, and forced her to remain anchored for 40 days (see main article: Yangtze Incident).

After participating in the Battle of Shanghai (1949) in May 1949, Ye Fei, with Wei Guoqing as political commissar, led the 10th Army Group in the battles of Fuzhou, Zhangzhou, and Xiamen, taking over most of Fujian Province from the Kuomintang defenders. However, his forces suffered a major defeat in the Battle of Guningtou, during which more than ten thousand PLA soldiers were killed or captured when they landed on Kinmen Island off the Fujian coast. The Communists were never able to take over Kinmen and to this day Kinmen remains under the administration of the Republic of China (Taiwan). Ye Fei partially redeemed for the loss by winning the Dongshan Island Campaign in July 1953.

## Peacetime career

In 1953 Ye Fei was appointed Communist Party Chief and Governor of Fujian Province. He also concurrently served as deputy commander of the Nanjing Military Region. In 1955, at age 40, he was among the first group of People's Liberation Army commanders to be awarded the rank of General. From 1 July 1956, with the creation of the Fuzhou Military Region, he became its first commander.

During the Cultural Revolution Ye Fei suffered from persecution for his overseas ties, but was rehabilitated in 1975 and appointed China's Minister of Transport. He held the position until February 1979, when he was appointed by Deng Xiaoping as the political commissar of the People's Liberation Army Navy, despite having never served in the Navy before. The following year he was promoted to the position of Commander-in-Chief of the Navy, which he held until August 1982. From 1983 to 1993 he served as the vice-chairman of the Standing Committee of the 6th and the 7th National People's Congress.

### Return to the Philippines

At the invitation of then-President Corazon Aquino, Ye Fei visited the Philippines in February 1989 as the vice-chairman of the Chinese Congress. This was the first time he returned to the country of his birth since leaving almost 70 years before. He spent two weeks in the country, visiting his parents' graves in Tiaong and having a reunion with his younger siblings, who were born after he left for China and had little idea of their brother's achievements.

### Opposition to army crackdown in Tiananmen Square

During the Tiananmen Square protests of spring 1989, Ye Fei signed a letter opposing the enforcement of martial law by the Army in Beijing.

> Due to the exigent circumstances, we as old soldiers, make the following request: Since the People's Army belongs to the people, it cannot stand against the people, much less kill the people, and must not be permitted to fire on the people and cause bloodshed; to prevent the situation from escalating, the Army must not enter the city.
>
> Ye Fei, Zhang Aiping, Xiao Ke, Yang Dezhi, Chen Zaidao, Song Shilun and Li Jukui, May 21, 1989 letter to the Central Military Commission and Capital Martial Law Command Headquarters

## Death and monument

Ye Fei died in Beijing on 18 April 1999, aged 84. On 29 March 2000, a memorial park in Tiaong was dedicated to Ye Fei, including a monument and a vocational school. Present at the inauguration were General Angelo Reyes, Foreign Secretary Domingo Siazon, Jr., Interior Secretary Alfredo Lim, and Chinese ambassador Fu Ying. This was the first in a series of events celebrating 25 years of diplomatic relations between the Philippines and the People's Republic of China.

## InfoBox

| Ye Fei | |
| --- | --- |
| 叶飞
葉飛 | |
| Ye in 1955 | |
|  | |
| Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress | |
| **In office**
18 June 1983  27 March 1993 | |
| Chairman | Peng Zhen
Wan Li |
| Commander of the People's Liberation Army Navy | |
| **In office**
January 1980  August 1982 | |
| Preceded by | Xiao Jinguang |
| Succeeded by | Liu Huaqing |
| Political Commissar of the People's Liberation Army Navy | |
| **In office**
February 1979  January 1980 | |
| Preceded by | Su Zhenhua |
| Succeeded by | Li Yaowen |
| Minister of Transport | |
| **In office**
January 1975  February 1979 | |
| Premier | Hua Guofeng |
| Preceded by | Sun Daguang |
| Succeeded by | Zeng Sheng |
| Communist Party Secretary of Fujian | |
| **In office**
October 1954  June 1958 | |
| Preceded by | Zhang Dingcheng |
| Succeeded by | Jiang Yizhen |
| Governor of Fujian | |
| **In office**
October 1954  January 1959 | |
| Preceded by | Zhang Dingcheng |
| Succeeded by | Jiang Yizhen |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Sixto Mercado Tiongco
(Yap Tiu Heng)
(1914-05-07)7 May 1914
Tiaong, Tayabas, Philippine Islands |
| Died | 18 April 1999(1999-04-18) (aged 84)
Beijing, China |
| Nationality | Chinese (born Filipino) |
| Political party | Chinese Communist Party |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | People's Republic of China |
| Branch/service | People's Liberation Army Ground Force
People's Liberation Army Navy |
| Years of service | 1932−82 |
| Rank | General |
| Commands | Fuzhou Military Region
People's Liberation Army Navy |
|  | |


title: Katakana (Unicode block)

abstract: Katakana is a Unicode block containing katakana characters for the Japanese and Ainu languages.

text:
# Katakana (Unicode block)

**Katakana** is a Unicode block containing katakana characters for the Japanese and Ainu languages.

## Block

## History

The following Unicode-related documents record the purpose and process of defining specific characters in the Katakana block:

1. "Unicode character database". *The Unicode Standard*. Retrieved 2023-07-26.
2. "Enumerated Versions of The Unicode Standard". *The Unicode Standard*. Retrieved 2023-07-26.

## InfoBox

| Katakana | |
| --- | --- |
| Range | U+30A0..U+30FF
(96 code points) |
| Plane | BMP |
| Scripts | Katakana (93 char.)
Common (3 char.) |
| Major alphabets | Japanese
Ainu |
| Assigned | 96 code points |
| Unused | 0 reserved code points |
| Source standards | JIS X 0208 |
| Unicode version history | |
|  | |
| 1.0.0 (1991) | 90 (+90) |
| 1.1 (1993) | 94 (+4) |
| 3.2 (2002) | 96 (+2) |
|  | |
| Unicode documentation | |
| Code chart ∣ Web page | |
| **Note**: | |


title: Yisroel Yaakov Lichtenstein

abstract: Yisroel Yaakov Lichtenstein is the former Av Beit Din of Federation of Synagogues in London, having given notice mid-2019 that after 30 years at that post he'd being moving to Israel. Yisroel Yaakov Lichtenstein, who is also referred to as Yaakov Lichtenstein and Yisroel Lichtenstein continued to serve as the official rabbi of a small congregation until making Aliya. Among the issues that called for him to interact with UK government was gender separation of religious schools.

text:
# Yisroel Yaakov Lichtenstein

**Yisroel Yaakov Lichtenstein** (born March 1954) is the former *Av Beit Din* of Federation of Synagogues in London, having given notice mid-2019 that after 30 years at that post he'd being moving to Israel.

Yisroel Yaakov Lichtenstein, who is also referred to as Yaakov Lichtenstein and Yisroel Lichtenstein continued to serve as the official rabbi of a small congregation until making *Aliya*. Among the issues that called for him to interact with UK government was gender separation of religious schools.

## Overview

His challenges were not limited tp dealing with religious freedom regarding gender separation in Jewish schools. In 2009, in response to "questions from various quarters," Lichtenstein authored a "to explain what is meant by" article regarding the idea of supervising more than one standard for kosher meat, justifying higher level(s) based in part on "since 1905, the London Board for Shechita always provided for two levels of Kashrut."

At the time he left London, his co-dayanim were Moshe Elzas, Yehonoson Hool, and Yehoshua Posen Both he and his successor are American born.

## Early life

Lichtenstein grew up in Boston. Beginning age 20 he lived and studied in Israel for 14 years. He moved to London in 1988.

## Shailatext project

Lichtenstein, having spoken out in 2018 about the need for kosher use of technology, lead preparations for what the *Federation of Synagogues* called their *Shailatext project*, a people-powered technology based process for answering *Halachic* questions, especially for "those who have not yet found a rabbi." His successor, Shraga Feivel Zimmerman, noted in a mid-2019 interview that "Zimmerman estimates that he has answered 200,000 sh’eilos \[questions\] from all over the United Kingdom while in Gateshead — in person, over the phone, and by email and text." By the time Lichtenstein retired, the service was described as achieving "response within four hours."

## Personal

His father, Kalman Lichtenstein, was a rabbi in Massachusetts; his mother's name was Golda.


title: Yn Çheshaght Ghailckagh

abstract: Yn Çheshaght Ghailckagh, also known as the Manx Language Society and formerly known as Manx Gaelic Society, was founded in 1899 in the Isle of Man to promote the Manx language. The group's motto is Gyn çhengey, gyn çheer.

text:
# Yn Çheshaght Ghailckagh

***Yn Çheshaght Ghailckagh***, also known as the **Manx Language Society** and formerly known as **Manx Gaelic Society**, was founded in 1899 in the Isle of Man to promote the Manx language. The group's motto is *Gyn çhengey, gyn çheer* (Without language, without country).

## History

Following the decline of Manx as a community language on the Isle of Man during much of the 19th century, there was renewed interest in the language most notably among educated men; this mirrors the founding of *Conradh na Gaeilge* in Ireland as part of the Gaelic Revival.

From 1897–1899 several meetings were held in Peel to discuss the Manx language. In the wake of these meetings, language classes began, as well as lectures given on Manx music and customs. The group's first president was A.W. Moore, later Speaker of the House of Keys. Several other prominent members of the Manx language revival, such as J. J. Kneen, Dr John Clague, and Edmund Goodwin, were all founding members of Yn Çheshaght Ghailckagh in 1899 in Peel. Yn Çheshaght Ghailckagh was not concerned only with the preservation and promotion of the Manx language, but rather with all things related to Manx culture:

> Though called the Manx Language Society, it should, I think, by no means confine its energies to the promotion of an interest in the language, but extend them to the study of Manx history, the collection of Manx music, ballads, carols, folklore, proverbs, place-names, including the old field names which are rapidly dying out in a word, to the preservation of everything that IS distinctively Manx, and, above all, to the cultivation of a national spirit.

In 1948, after a visit to the Isle of Man by *An Taoiseach* Éamon de Valera, the Irish Folklore Commission was tasked with recording the last remaining native speakers on fragile acetate discs. Members of Yn Çheshaght Ghailckagh, Walter Clarke and Bill Radcliffe, helped Kevin Danaher in the tedious and delicate work of setting up the recording equipment.

After the visit by the Irish Folklore Commission, members of Yn Çheshaght Ghailckagh continued to record the remaining native speakers despite technical and financial restraints: "We just – we wanted to record the old people but we didn't, we had neither the money nor the means of doing it". Eventually they were able to make these recordings, but often at significant financial expense to themselves; John Gell for example loaned them £8 to purchase the necessary equipment.

## Recent years

After a long period of relative inactivity, in the 1970s Doug Fargher helped to reinvigorate Yn Çheshaght Ghailckagh by organising *Oieghyn Gaelgagh* ('Manx Language Nights') and publishing new learner material.

Yn Çheshaght Ghailckagh has been involved in organising Cooish, an annual inter-Gaelic festival of language and culture on the Isle of Man every autumn since the 1990s. The festival aims to promote Gaelic and Manx identity and is "an opportunity to come together, enjoy the culture and celebrate one of the really unique ways of belonging to the Isle of Man". The festival includes musical performances, workshops, lectures, and language classes for children and adults.

A stamp celebrating the centenary of the Society was issued in the Isle of Man in 1999.

In more recent years, Yn Çheshaght Ghailckagh has been heavily involved with the publication of Manx language and culture works, and the society works closely with Culture Vannin.

## Selection of published works

* *Conversational Manx* by John Gell
* *First Lessons in Manx* by Edmund Goodwin
* *Manx is Fun: A New Course in Spoken Manx for the Beginner* by Paul Rogers
* *Dunveryssyn yn Tooder-Folley* by Brian Stowell
* *Jeih Skeealyn Scaanjoon* by Koizumi Yakumo (translated into Manx by R. W. K. Teare)
* *Ecstasy as Skeealyn Elley* by Ré Ó Laighléis (translated into Manx by R. W. K. Teare)
* Droghad Ny Seihill by Christopher Lewin
* *Cooinaghtyn My Aegid* by John Gell
* *Skeealyn Lewis Crellin* by Lewis Crellin

## InfoBox

Yn Çheshaght Ghailckagh
| Manx Language Society | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Formation | 1899 (1899) |
| Headquarters | Thie ny Gaelgey, Balley Keeill Yude, Andreas, Isle of Man, IM7 2EW |
| Fields | Manx language promotion, publishing |
| Website | https://ycg.im/ |
| Formerly called | The Manx Gaelic Society |


title: Çaydere, Bozüyük

abstract: Çaydere is a village in the Bozüyük District, Bilecik Province, Turkey. Its population is 47 (2021).

text:
# Çaydere, Bozüyük

**Çaydere** is a village in the Bozüyük District, Bilecik Province, Turkey. Its population is 47 (2021).

## InfoBox

| Çaydere | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| ÇaydereLocation in TurkeyÇaydereÇaydere (Marmara) | |
| Coordinates: 39°52′07″N 29°57′28″E / 39.8686°N 29.9578°E / 39.8686; 29.9578 | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Bilecik |
| District | Bozüyük |
| Population (2021) | 47 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |


title: Tellervo M. Koivisto

abstract: Tellervo Maria Koivisto was a Finnish teacher and politician. She was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1970 until her death in 1982, representing the Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP). She belonged to the left wing of the SDP. She was usually referred to as Tellervo M. Koivisto, the middle initial serving to differentiate between her and Tellervo Koivisto, the wife of Mauno Koivisto.

text:
# Tellervo M. Koivisto

**Tellervo Maria Koivisto** (née *Heino*; 29 August 1927, in Messukylä – 6 March 1982) was a Finnish teacher and politician. She was a member of the Parliament of Finland from 1970 until her death in 1982, representing the Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP). She belonged to the left wing of the SDP. She was usually referred to as *Tellervo M. Koivisto*, the middle initial serving to differentiate between her and Tellervo Koivisto (née *Kankaanranta*), the wife of Mauno Koivisto.