title: The Truth (podcast)

abstract: The Truth was an anthology fiction podcast and founding member of Radiotopia by PRX. Episodes were released about once every two weeks. Several nationally syndicated public radio programs, including This American Life, Studio 360, Snap Judgment, and The Story, featured work by The Truth. Voice actors who appeared on the show included Jesse Eisenberg, Lauren Adams, Scott Adsit, Craig muMs Grant, Tami Sagher, James Urbaniak, Tom Ligon, Jo Firestone, Tallie Medel, Jackie Hoffman, and F. Murray Abraham.

text:
# The Truth (podcast)

***The Truth*** was an anthology fiction podcast and founding member of Radiotopia by PRX. Episodes were released about once every two weeks. Several nationally syndicated public radio programs, including *This American Life*, *Studio 360*, *Snap Judgment*, and *The Story,* featured work by *The Truth*.

Voice actors who appeared on the show included Jesse Eisenberg, Lauren Adams, Scott Adsit, Craig muMs Grant, Tami Sagher, James Urbaniak, Tom Ligon, Jo Firestone, Tallie Medel, Jackie Hoffman, and F. Murray Abraham.

## History

In 2009, Jonathan Mitchell and Hillary Frank received funding from American Public Media to produce pilot stories together. One of those stories was "Moon Graffiti", which was later featured on *The Guardian* podcast and won the 2010 Gold Mark Time Award. This story later became the first episode of *The Truth*.

In December 2011, Ed Herbstman and Mitchell hired a group of improvisors (many from the Magnet Theater, which Herbtsman co-founded) to write stories together, with the goal of producing a story in one month. The first piece was "Interruptible". The group continued working together and eventually reached the podcast's current output of two stories a month.

*The Truth* was named by iTunes to be the Best New Arts podcast of 2012 and the #1 new podcast of 2012 by *The Daily Dot*.

The show's title comes from a quote by Ralph Waldo Emerson: "Fiction reveals truth that reality obscures."

*The Truth* stopped production in 2023 after the episode *Pariah*.

## Episodes

### 2012

| Date | Episode | Voices |
| --- | --- | --- |
| November 2, 2012 | Moon Graffiti | Matt Evans, Ed Herbsman, and John Ottavino |
| February 14, 2012 | Eat Cake | Eliza Skinner, Birch Harms, and Curtis Gwinn |
| February 22, 2012 | Movie Mash-Up |  |
| June 3, 2012 | Interruptible | Christian Paluck, Chet Siegel, Louis Kornfeld, Amy Warren, Ed Herbstman, Melanie Hoopes, Charlotte Rabbe, and Jamie Rivera |
| March 20, 2012 | They're Made Out of Meat | Russ Armstrong and Miriam Tolan |
| November 4, 2012 | Everybody SCREAM!!!! | Chet Siegel, Emily Tarver, and Ed Herbstman |
| April 25, 2012 | Tape Delay | Ed Herbstman and Tami Sagher, with Libby George and Christian Paluck |
| September 5, 2012 | People Beat | India Kotis, Matt Evans, Melanie Hoopes, Carmen Berkeley, Matt J. Weir, Bryn Magnus, Christian Paluck, Ed Herbstman, and Amy Warren. With Tim Dadabo, Louis Kornfeld, Chet Siegel, Leanne Linsky, Jon Bander, and Kelly Moylan |
| May 23, 2012 | Total Transparency and Eye Contact | Chet Siegel, Ed Herbstman, and Louis Kornfeld |
| June 6, 2012 | In Good Hands (part 1) | Emily Tarver, Alex Marino, Louis Kornfeld, Ed Herbstman, Christian Paluck, and Amy Warren. |
| June 20, 2012 | Human Intelligence | Ed Herbstman, John Ottavino, and Melanie Hoopes |
| December 7, 2012 | In Good Hands (part 2) | Emily Tarver, Alex Marino, Louis Kornfeld, Christian Paluck, Ed Herbstman, Amy Warren, and Ben Jones |
| July 25, 2012 | Lucy and the Bike Girl |  |
| September 8, 2012 | Third Party | Ed Herbstman, Chet Siegel, Rick Andrews, Nick Kanellis, Louis Kornfeld, Amy Warren, and Bryn Magnus |
| August 22, 2012 | Machine Men |  |
| May 9, 2012 | That's Democracy | Peter McNerney, Russ Armstrong, Alexis Lambright, with Fiona Bradford, Teddy Shivers, Oscar Montoya, and Ben Jones |
| September 19, 2012 | Domestic Violins | Amie McKenna, Michele Durman, Michael Whalley, and Martin Dingle Wall. Produced at the Australian Broadcasting Corporation's Radio Beyond Radio conference. |
| April 10, 2012 | Do You Have a Minute for Equality? | Chet Siegel and Tom Ligon, with Matt J. Weir, Quentin Loder, and Melanie Hoopes |
| October 18, 2012 | The Death of Poe | Christian Paluck, Ed Herbstman, Chet Siegel, and Louis Kornfeld |
| November 2, 2012 | The Modern Prometheus | Louis Kornfeld, Rachel Hamilton, Tom Ligon, Chet Siegel, Amy Warren, Ed Herbstman, Christian Paluck, and Rupert Degas |
| November 14, 2012 | In Good Hands (rerelease) |  |
| November 28, 2012 | Interruptible (rerelease) | Christian Paluck, Chet Siegel, Louis Kornfeld, and Amy Warren. With Ed Herbstman, Melanie Hoopes, Charlotte Rabbe, and Jamie Rivera |
| December 14, 2012 | Mirror Lake | Ed Herbstman, Lauren Ashley Smith, and Louis Kornfeld |

### 2013

| Date | Episode | Voices |
| --- | --- | --- |
| October 1, 2013 | Happy New Year | Ben Jones and Tom Ligon |
| February 21, 2013 | It's Going to Change Your Life | Kelly Buttermore, Amy Warren, Melanie Hoopes, Louis Kornfeld, Ed Herbstman, and Christian Paluck |
| March 22, 2013 | Where Have You Been? | Ed Herbstman, Ben Jones, Christian Paluck, Chet Siegel, Louis Kornfeld, Amy Warren, and Asher Herbstman |
| April 11, 2013 | Falling | Chet Siegel and Peter McNerney, with Willy Appleman, Louis Kornfeld, Lauren Ashley Smith, Sebastian Conelli, Quinton Loder, Jon Bander, and Kim Ferguson |
| May 10, 2013 | You're Not Alone | Christian Paluck, Carly Monardo, Tom Stephens, Louis Kornfeld, Jon Keller, Kerry Kastin, Nick Mykins, Aina Rapoza, and Ashley Wilson, with musical guest Elizabeth Ziman, singing a song by Daniel Johnston. |
| August 15, 2013 | Fine Dining | Louis Kornfeld, Elana Fishbein, Nick Jaramillo, Tom Ligon, Kevin Cragg, Kerry Kastin, Brian Frange, Bob Kern, and Matt Evans. With improv groups Featherweight and Nurse Practitioner. |
| August 29, 2013 | Sweets for the Cheat | Jon Bander, Alessandro King, Bianca Casusol, Brian Frange, and Elana Fishbein. |
| September 15, 2013 | The Mutiny | Melanie Hoopes. Asher Herbstman, Bea Herbstman, Blanche Ames, Ed Herbstman, Shacottha Fields, and Noel Dinneen |
| September 29, 2013 | Keep Running | Peter McNernery, with Elana Fishbein, Louis Kornfeld, Julia Hynes, and Teddy Shivers |
| October 13, 2013 | The Talk | Christian Paluck, Dmitry Shein, Willy Appelman, and Elana Fishbein |
| October 24, 2013 | The Devil You know |  |
| November 11, 2013 | The Memoirist | Elana Fishbein, Matt Antonucci, Kevin Kiernan, Lauren Olson, Alessandro King, Sebastian Connelli, Blanche Ames, Kevin Cragg, and Michael Kroll |
| November 25, 2013 | Tough Crowd | Alejandro Kolleeny, Annemarie Cullen, Devin O'Neill, Megan Gray, Noel Dinneen, Maddy Mako, Matt Shafeek, Shacottha Fields, Louis Kornfeld, and Elana Fishbein |
| December 10, 2013 | Naomi's World | Isabel Frohnhofer, Tom Ligon, Elana Fishbein, Imran Chowdhury, Laura Parker, Philipp Goedicke, Dennis Pacheco, Blanche Ames, Ron Palais, Willy Appelman, Andrew Yurman-Glaser, and Phoebe Tyers |
| December 20, 2013 | Biological Clock | Tami Sagher, Ed Herbstman, Louis Kornfeld, and Kerry Kastin |

### 2014

| Date | Episode | Voices |
| --- | --- | --- |
| January 25, 2014 | It's Your Funeral | Andy Moskowitz, Jackie Hoffman, Ben Jones, Damon Ketron, Phoebe Tyres, Shacottha Fields, Blanche Ames, Amy Warren, and Rebecca Robles |
| March 10, 2014 | The Extractor | Ed Herbstman, Kevin Cragg, Annemarie Cullen, Dennis Pacheco, and Rebecca Robles. With Melanie Hoopes, Bea Herbstman, Alex Marino, and Kerry Kastin. |
| March 30, 2014 | Jeff Gets Towed | Andrew Yurman-Glaser, Sebastian Conelli, and Phoebe Tyers |
| April 15, 2014 | Interns | Maggie Morris as Melanie, and Emily Shapiro as Annalyse. With Willy Appelman, Dennis Pacheco, Elana Fishbein, and Louis Kornfeld |
| May 14, 2014 | Voyager Found | Chet Siegel and Peter McNerney |
| May 28, 2014 | The Penis Museum | Phoebe Tyers and Damon Ketron. With Elana Fishbein, Alejandro Kolleeny, Kerry Kastin, and Ira Gamerman. |
| June 18, 2014 | Chaotic Neutral | Elana Fishbein, Jon Bander, Justin Moran, and Matt Shafeek |
| September 17, 2014 | Cold Read | Alex Marino, Christina Dabney, Blanche Ames, and T.J. Mannix |
| October 15, 2014 | Silvia's Blood | Andy Moskowitz, Rebecca Robles, Diana McCorry, Ben Jones, and Al King |
| November 12, 2014 | Return of the Extractor | Ed Herbstman and Elana Fishbein. With Louis Kornfeld and Alejandro Kolleeny |
| November 26, 2014 | Sketchballs | Rosie Whalen and Chris Dwane, with Louis Kornfeld |
| December 18, 2014 | Naughty or Nice | Seth Lind, Elana Fishbein, Louis Kornfeld, Eli Itzkowitz, Ed Herbstman, Shaina Feinberg, Tom Ligon, Kevin Cragg, Willy Appelman, Kerry Kastin, Katie Corr, Phoebe Tyers, Pat May, Olivia Simonson, Asher Herbstman, Bee Herbstman, Melanie Hoopes, and Gregory C. Jones |

### 2015

| Date | Episode | Voices |
| --- | --- | --- |
| January 15, 2015 | The One about the Dead Dog | Phoebe Tyers and Dennis Pacheco, with Nick Mykins, T.J. Mannix, and Chris Dwane |
| February 11, 2015 | Don't Touch a Thing | Amy Warren, Armando Diaz, Jackie Hoffman, Louis Kornfeld, and Noel Dinneen |
| March 12, 2015 | Living the Dream | Adam Wade, Chrissie Gruebel, Dan Fairall, and Blanche Ames |
| March 26, 2015 | Joe Frank | Mark Hammer, Barbara Sohmers, Carolyn Swift Hammer, Arthur Miller, F. Murray Abraham, Annalee Jefferies, Eric Seers, and Paul Mantell |
| April 8, 2015 | Can You Help Me Find My Mom? | Bee Herbstman, Melanie Hoopes, Ed Herbstman, Evan Sudarsky Abadi, Gregory C. Jones and Blanche Ames |
| May 20, 2015 | The Last Job | Peter McNerney, Louis Kornfeld, Rebecca Robles, India Kotis, Dave Hill, Alex Marino, Phoebe Tyers, Rupert Degas, and T.J. Mannix |
| June 4, 2015 | Remember the Baby | Ann Carr, Louis Kornfeld, and Amy Warren |
| July 16, 2015 | Dark Matter | Kevin Corrigan, Chet Siegel, Ed Herbstman, Dennis Pacheco, Alexis Lambright, Anna Sale, and Rob Webber |
| September 10, 2015 | Enjoy the Suffering | Bianca Casusol, Kate Emswiler, Louis Kornfield, Jake Hart, Blance Ames, Jimmy O'Connell, and Kerry Kastin |
| September 24, 2015 | Tuesday | Anni Ginsterer, Belinda Jombwe, Rupert Reid, and Rahel Romahn |
| October 23, 2015 | Starburst | Matt Antonucci, Angela DeManti, Kerry Kastin, Alejandro Kolleeny, and Louis Kornfeld |
| December 16, 2015 | Santa for President | Tom Ligon, Rachel Dratch, Russell G. Jones, Connie Ray, Shaina Feinberg, Willy Appelman, Jo Firestone, Phoebe Tyers, Mo Rocca, Helen Coxe, T.J. Mannix, Lauren Ashley Smith, Bill Rohlfing, Mario Correa, Kerry kastin, Louis Kornfeld, and Benjamin Correa |

### 2016

| Date | Episode | Voices |
| --- | --- | --- |
| January 15, 2016 | Call of Dating & The Big Prawn | "Call of Dating" is performed by Clair Galea and Dennis John Cahill. "The Big Prawn" is performed by Katia Pase. |
| February 12, 2016 | Visible & Drive Straight Ahead | "Visible" is performed by Russell G. Jones, Rachel Hamilton, Ann Carr, and Kerry Kastin. |
| March 9, 2016 | Man V. Nature | David Pasquesi, Ed Herbstman, and Mark Gessner. |
| April 14, 2016 | Songonauts (Episode One) | Jonathan Mann, Elena Skopetos, Bianca Casusol, Tom Ligon, Louis Kornfeld, Jimmy O'Connell, Amy Warren, and Dan Fairall |
| May 12, 2016 | The Man in the Barn | Sarah Reynolds, Joe Mullins, Maeve McGrath, Diarmuid McIntyre, and Louis Kornfeld |
| June 9, 2016 | Songonauts (Episode Two) | Jonathan Mann, Elena Skopetos, Bianca Casusol, Tom Ligon, Louis Kornfeld, Jimmy O'Connell, Amy Warren, and Dan Fairall |
| July 13, 2016 | The Making of That's Democracy |  |
| September 7, 2016 | Sleep Some More | Brian Miskell, Mark Gessner, Lusia Strus, and Hannah Chase |
| October 12, 2016 | Cor-wrong-ct! | Peter McNerney, Lane Kwederis, Alessandro King, Scott Adsit, Laura Grey, Ed Herbstman, Tami Sagher, April Matthis, Becca Schall, Willy Appelman, Louis Kornfield, Tom Ligon, and Blanche Ames |
| November 10, 2016 | Commentary Track | Birgit Huppuch, Libby Woodbridge, and Maurice Jones |
| December 7, 2016 | Naughty or Nice | Seth Lind, Elana Fishbein, Louis Kornfeld, Eli Itzkowitz, Ed Herbstman, Shaina Feinberg, Tom Ligon, Kevin Cragg, Willy Appelman, Kerry Kastin, Katie Corr, Phoebe Tyers, Pat May, Olivia Simonson, Asher Herbstman, Bee Herbstman, Melanie Hoopes, and Gregory Jones |
| December 22, 2016 | The Sweet Music of Friction | Khalil Kain, Craig muMs Grant, Keith Randolph Smith, Shamika Cotton, Chris McKinney, Louis Kornfeld, Jaymes Jorsling |

### 2017

| Date | Episode | Voices |
| --- | --- | --- |
| January 11, 2017 | The Dark End of the Mall | Lauren Adams and Peter Grosz |
| January 25, 2017 | Ice Music (re-release) & Mirror Lake | Gregory Whithead; Ed Herbstman and Lauren Ashley Smith with Louis Kornfeld |
| February 9, 2017 | A Drop in the Ocean | Gregory Jones, Chris McKinney, Russell G. Jones, Billy Griffin Jr., Reynaldo Piniella, and Michael Cullen, with the Magnet Theater improv team Eagelfox. |
| February 22, 2017 | Bloodless | James Urbaniak |
| March 8, 2017 | Miracle on the L Train | Joanna Hausmann, T.J. Mannix, Christina Dabney, Philip Godicke, Rachel Rauch, Shacottha Fields, Suni Reyes, Lou Gonzalez, Louis Kornfeld, Adam Twitchell, Will Quinn, Leonard Lyzner, Joe Lepore, Dennis Pacheco, and Andrew Vuilleumier |
| March 23, 2017 | Scavenger Hunt | Rebecca Robles and Louis Kornfeld |
| April 13, 2017 | Hey Bumblebee | Alexis Pereira, Elana Fishbein, Michael Delisle, Kelsey Bailey, Anna Neu, Angela DeManti, Matt Shafeek, Becca Schall, Ed Herbstman, Hannah Chase, Dennis Pacheco, and Bill Rohlfing |
| April 26, 2017 | Intimacy Challenge | Leonard Lyzner, Florencia de la Lorca, Russell G. Jones, Gillian Glasco, Lipica Shah, and Jordan Mahome |
| May 10, 2017 | Do the Voice | Erica Schroeder, Brian Dykstra, Marc Thompson, Justin Morgan, Rosie Whalen, Susan J. Jacks, Chris Kipiniak, Lorena Russi, Eric Molinsky, Kerry Kastin, Asher Herbstman, and Rob Webber |
| June 29, 2017 | Influencers (Part I of II) | Michael Delisle, Ann Carr, T.J. Mannix, Michael Cullen, Chris McKinney, Will Quinn, Becca Schall, Louis Kornfeld, Chris Kipiniak, and Kerry Kastin |
| September 13, 2017 | Possible Side Effects | Adam Wade, Hannah Chase, Mariette Strauss, Elana Fishbein, Dennis Pacheco, Anne Antonucci, Jeremy Bent, Noel Dinneen, and Seth Lind |
| September 27, 2017 | Brain Chemistry | Scott Adsit, Amy Warren, Ed Herbstman, Anna Neu, Billy Griffin Jr., Alexis Lambright, Louis Kornfeld, Elana Fishbein, Joanna Hausmann, and Kerry Kastin |
| October 11, 2017 | Magic Hugs | Austin Pendleton, April Matthis, Jenny Lee Mitchell, Becca Schall, Kevin Cobbs, Louis Kornfeld, Chris Kipiniak, Kerry Kastin, Kate Chapman, T.J. Mannix, and Phoebe Tyers |
| October 25, 2017 | The Decider | Tallie Medel, Tim Platt, and Kelsey Bailey |
| November 11, 2017 | Game Night | Bill Rohlfing, Adelaide Kipiniak, Max Kipiniak, Brandi Varnel, Margaret Burrus, Kelsey Bailey, Jack Frederick, Jimmy O'Connell, Leonard Lyzner, Willy Appelman, Ariel Gitlin, Richie Moriarty, Lila Newman, Elana Fishbein, Suni Reyes, Dennis Pacheco, Andy Moskowitz |
| November 23, 2017 | Troll | Abby Royle, Kyle Gordon, Ashlie Atkinson, Jennete Cronk, Jaymes Jorsling, Kerry Kastin, Chris Kipiniak, Becca Schall, Lila Newman, Louis Kornfeld, and Matt Shafeek |
| December 13, 2017 | Mall Santa | Tom Ligon, Chris Dwane, Anna Neu, Bianca Casusol, Jimmy O'Connell, Kevin Cobbs, Louis Kornfeld, Kerry Kastin, Becca Schall |

### 2018

| Date | Episode | Voices |
| --- | --- | --- |
| January 31, 2018 | The Co-op | Hannah Chase, Dennis Pacheco, Amy Warren, Susan Owen, Betty Hudson, Joel Bernstein, Michael Cullen, and Sam Tsoutsouvas |
| February 14, 2018 | Nuclear Winter | Woody Fu, Danielle Delgado, and Billy Griffin, Jr. |
| February 28, 2018 | Rideshare | Dana Kaplan-Angle, Amir Darvish, and Boris Khaykin |
| March 21, 2018 | The Hilly Earth Society | Michael Cullen |
| April 5, 2018 | The Runaways | Jenny Mudge and Chris Henry-Coffey |
| April 19, 2018 | Justice Battalion | Jake Hart, Marc Thompson, Erica Schroeder, Billy Bob Thompson, and Graham Rowat |
| May 10, 2018 | The Matter of Tyco | Lila Newman, Erica Hernandez, Fred Newman, Joel Bernstein, Jack Frederick, Jeff Wucher, Kyle Gordon, Davy Gardner, and Margaret Burrus |
| June 7, 2018 | The Jesse Eisenberg Effect | Jesse Eisenberg, Keith Rubin, Jaymes Jorsling, Jeremy Bent, Lenny Thomas, Jeff Wucher, and Jonathan Mitchell |
| June 20, 2018 | Fish Girl | Bee Herbstman, Alison Cimmet, Scott Richardson, and Ed Herbstman |
| July 12, 2018 | Wonderworld, U.S.A. | Taylor Dalton Curtis, Federico Rodriguez, Sam Tsoutsouvas, Lila Newman, Chris Kipiniak, Peter McNerney, Molly Kiernan, Davy Gardner, John Ross, Kyle Gordon, Anthony Sneed, Dennis Pacheko, Phoebe Tyers, Becca Schall, Matt Whitfield, Amy Warren, Marisa Brau, Mike Cabellon, Rick Andrews, and Louis Kornfeld |

## Awards

| Year | Award | Episode |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2010 | Mark Time Gold Award | "Moon Graffiti" |
| | PRX Zeitfunk Award 2010 for Most Listened-to Piece | "Moon Graffiti" |
| 2013 | Mark Time Gold Award | "The Modern Prometheus" |
| | Ogle Silver Award | "In Good Hands" |
| | "That's Democracy" |

## InfoBox

| *The Truth* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Presentation | |
| Genre | Fiction |
| Language | English |
| Production | |
| Production | * Jonathan Mitchell (Executive Producer) * Davy Gardner (Associate Producer) |
| No. of episodes | 125 |
| Publication | |
| Original release | 2012 (2012) <br>2023 (2023) |
| Provider | Radiotopia |
| Related | |
| Website | thetruthpodcast.com |


title: Themisto libellula

abstract: Themisto libellula is a marine amphipod of the family Hyperiidae. The species lives for 2 to 3 years, and grows up to 60 millimetres (2.4 in) over its lifetime. They are found in large quantities in Arctic water. In the summer, they eat more lipids to store as fuel for the winter. During the mid-winter, they eat copepods, such as Calanus finmarchicus. T. libellula is eaten by cod, polar cod, and mammals at the ice edge. In the early 2000s, the population of the species began to decrease; these effects rippled through the food chain. The levels later rose in cool years, and T. libellula have moved south of the Arctic Circle. They have been observed in mass mortalities, where millions of T. libellula wash up dead on the coast.

text:
# Themisto libellula

***Themisto libellula*** is a marine amphipod of the family Hyperiidae. The species lives for 2 to 3 years, and grows up to 60 millimetres (2.4 in) over its lifetime. They are found in large quantities in Arctic water.

In the summer, they eat more lipids to store as fuel for the winter. During the mid-winter, they eat copepods, such as *Calanus finmarchicus*. *T. libellula* is eaten by cod, polar cod, and mammals at the ice edge. In the early 2000s, the population of the species began to decrease; these effects rippled through the food chain. The levels later rose in cool years, and *T. libellula* have moved south of the Arctic Circle. They have been observed in mass mortalities, where millions of *T. libellula* wash up dead on the coast.

## InfoBox

| *Themisto libellula* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Malacostraca |
| Order: | Amphipoda |
| Suborder: | Hyperiidea |
| Family: | Hyperiidae |
| Genus: | *Themisto* |
| Species: | ***T. libellula*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Themisto libellula***
(Lichtenstein in Mandt, 1822) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Euthemisto libellula*
(Mandt)
*Parathemisto libellula*
(Lichtenstein, 1822) | |


title: The Valley Resounds

abstract: The Valley Resounds is a 1950 Romanian drama film directed by Paul Călinescu. Communist volunteers work to construct a new railway line. The film's sets were designed by Stefan Norris.

text:
# The Valley Resounds

***The Valley Resounds*** (Romanian: ***Răsună valea***) is a 1950 Romanian drama film directed by Paul Călinescu. Communist volunteers work to construct a new railway line.

The film's sets were designed by Stefan Norris.

## Cast

1. Liehm & Liehm p.140

## Bibliography

* Liehm, Mira & Liehm, Antonín J. *The Most Important Art: Eastern European Film After 1945*. University of California Press, 1977.

## InfoBox

| The Valley Resounds | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Paul Călinescu |
| Written by | Mircea Ștefănescu |
| Cinematography | Wilfried Ott |
| Edited by | Lucia Anton |
| Music by | Paul Constantinescu |
| Release date | * 22 August 1950 (1950-08-22) |
| Running time | 68 minutes |
| Country | Romania |
| Language | Romanian |


title: Thelymitra magnifica

abstract: Thelymitra magnifica, commonly called the Crystal Brook sun orchid, is a species of orchid in the family Orchidaceae and is endemic to a small area in the south-west of Western Australia. It has a single erect, flat, leathery leaf and up to eight crowded, dark golden brown flowers with yellow streaks and blotches. The column has broad, deeply fringed, yellow or brownish wings.

text:
# Thelymitra magnifica

***Thelymitra magnifica***, commonly called the **Crystal Brook sun orchid**, is a species of orchid in the family Orchidaceae and is endemic to a small area in the south-west of Western Australia. It has a single erect, flat, leathery leaf and up to eight crowded, dark golden brown flowers with yellow streaks and blotches. The column has broad, deeply fringed, yellow or brownish wings.

## Description

*Thelymitra magnifica* is a tuberous, perennial herb with a single erect, flat, leathery, lance-shaped to egg-shaped leaf 50–150 mm (2–6 in) long and 20–30 mm (0.8–1 in) wide. Between two and eight dark golden brown flowers with yellow streaks and blotches, 25–40 mm (1–2 in) wide are crowded on a flowering stem 150–300 mm (6–10 in) tall. The sepals and petals are 12–20 mm (0.5–0.8 in) long and 5–7 mm (0.2–0.3 in) wide. The labellum (the lowest petal) is narrower than the other petals and sepals. The column is golden brown near its base, yellow towards the tip, 5–7 mm (0.2–0.3 in) long, 3–4 mm (0.12–0.16 in) wide and has broadly spreading, widely fringed wings and glands on its back. The lobe on the top of the anther has a short lobe on its top. The flowers are insect pollinated and open on sunny days. Flowering occurs in September and October.

## Taxonomy and naming

*Thelymitra magnifica* was first formally described in 2006 by Jeff Jeanes from a specimen collected near Crystal Brook and the description was published in *Muelleria*. The specific epithet (*magnifica*) is derived from the Latin words *fuscus* meaning "noble", "eminent" or "splendid", alluding to the flowers of this orchid.

## Distribution and habitat

The Crystal Brook sun orchid grows with wandoo trees on escarpment slopes between Gooseberry Hill and Armadale in the Jarrah Forest and Swan Coastal Plain biogeographic regions.

## Conservation

*Thelymitra magnifica* is classified as "Priority One" by the Government of Western Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife meaning that it is known from only one or a few locations which are potentially at risk.

## InfoBox

| Crystal Brook sun orchid | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Thelymitra magnifica* growing near Lesmurdie | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Priority One — Poorly Known Taxa (DEC) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Orchidaceae |
| Subfamily: | Orchidoideae |
| Tribe: | Diurideae |
| Genus: | *Thelymitra* |
| Species: | ***T. magnifica*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Thelymitra magnifica***
Jeanes | |
|


title: Thelymitra lucida

abstract: Thelymitra lucida, commonly called the glistening sun orchid, is a species of orchid that is endemic to south eastern Australia. It has a single erect, fleshy leaf and up to seven dark blue flowers with the sepals a lighter blue than the petals.

text:
# Thelymitra lucida

***Thelymitra lucida***, commonly called the **glistening sun orchid**, is a species of orchid that is endemic to south eastern Australia. It has a single erect, fleshy leaf and up to seven dark blue flowers with the sepals a lighter blue than the petals.

## Description

*Thelymitra lucida* is a tuberous, perennial herb with a single erect, dark green, fleshy, channelled, linear to lance-shaped leaf 200–350 mm (8–10 in) long and 5–12 mm (0.2–0.5 in) wide with a purplish base. Up to seven dark blue flowers 16–24 mm (0.6–0.9 in) wide are arranged on a flowering stem 300–550 mm (10–20 in) tall. The sepals and petals are 8–12 mm (0.3–0.5 in) long and 4–7 mm (0.2–0.3 in) wide with the petals a lighter blue. The column is blue or pinkish, 5–6 mm (0.20–0.24 in) long and 2.5–3.5 mm (0.098–0.14 in) wide. The lobe on the top of the anther is dark purplish black with a yellow tip and covered with a glistening secretion. It is also inflated, gently curved and deeply notched. The side lobes have toothbrush-like tufts of white, cream or yellow hairs. Flowering occurs in November and December but the flowers are self-pollinated and only open on hot days.

## Taxonomy and naming

*Thelymitra lucida* was first formally described in 2004 by Jeff Jeanes. The description was published in *Muelleria* from a specimen collected near Durdidwarrah. The specific epithet (*lucida*) is a Latin word meaning "full of light", "clear" or "bright", referring to the glistening lobe on top of the column.

## Distribution and habitat

The glistening sun orchid usually grows in or near swamps in the Grampians and Brisbane Ranges National Park of Victoria and south of Hobart in Tasmania.

## InfoBox

| Glistening sun orchid | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Orchidaceae |
| Subfamily: | Orchidoideae |
| Tribe: | Diurideae |
| Genus: | *Thelymitra* |
| Species: | ***T. lucida*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Thelymitra lucida***<br>Jeanes | |
|


title: Thelymitra megacalyptra

abstract: Thelymitra megacalyptra, known as Thelymitra megcalyptra in Australia, and commonly known as plains sun orchid, is a species of orchid that is endemic to eastern Australia. It has a single erect, fleshy leaf and up to fifteen blue to purplish, sometimes lilac, pink or white flowers with white tufts on top of the anther.

text:
# Thelymitra megacalyptra

***Thelymitra megacalyptra***, known as ***Thelymitra megcalyptra*** in Australia, and commonly known as **plains sun orchid**, is a species of orchid that is endemic to eastern Australia. It has a single erect, fleshy leaf and up to fifteen blue to purplish, sometimes lilac, pink or white flowers with white tufts on top of the anther.

## Description

*Thelymitra megacalyptra* is a tuberous, perennial herb with a single erect, leathery, fleshy, channelled, dark green, linear to lance-shaped leaf 100–350 mm (4–10 in) long and 5–20 mm (0.2–0.8 in) wide with a purplish base. Between two and fifteen blue to purplish, sometimes lilac, pink or white flowers 25–45 mm (1–2 in) wide are arranged on a flowering stem 200–600 mm (8–20 in) tall. There are usually two bracts along the flowering stem. The sepals and petals are 15–22 mm (0.6–0.9 in) long and 5–11 mm (0.2–0.4 in) wide. The column is pale blue, white or pinkish, 6–8 mm (0.2–0.3 in) long and 3–4.5 mm (0.1–0.2 in) wide. The lobe on the top of the anther is dark brown to blackish with a yellow tip and a V-shaped notch. The side lobes turn forwards and have white, toothbrush-like tufts on their ends. The flowers are scented, long-lived, insect-pollinated and open on sunny days. Flowering occurs from August to November.

## Taxonomy and naming

The plains sun orchid was first formally described in 1879 by Robert Fitzgerald who gave it the name *Thelymitra megcalyptra* in his book *Australian Orchids*. The Australian Plant Census and Australian state herbaria retain the name *Thelymitra megcalyptra* for this species but *Plants of the World Online* uses *Thelymitra megacalyptra*. Fitzgerald gave the specific epithet (*megcalyptra*) in reference to "the large hood of the column, by which it is readily distinguished from *T. media*".

## Distribution and habitat

*Thelymitra megacalyptra* grows in forest, heath and scrubland, sometimes forming large colonies. It occurs in New South Wales south from the Mount Kaputar National Park, in the Australian Capital Territory, in drier parts of Victoria and in the south-east of South Australia.

## InfoBox

| Plains sun orchid | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Thelymitra megacalyptra* near Strathfieldsaye | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Orchidaceae |
| Subfamily: | Orchidoideae |
| Tribe: | Diurideae |
| Genus: | *Thelymitra* |
| Species: | ***T. megacalyptra*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Thelymitra megacalyptra***<br>Fitzg. | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Thelymitra aristata* var. *megcalyptra* (Fitzg.) Rupp | |


title: The YoungCuts Film Festival

abstract: The YoungCuts Film Festival is an international film festival based in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, whose mandate is to advance the careers of young filmmakers. Originally established in Toronto in 2001, the festival was created to identify and help talented young people begin their film and television careers by providing exposure and recognition of their works. In 2007, the festival moved to Montreal. The annual event selects the best 100 films of the year from more than 1,000 submissions by filmmakers 29 years old and under. In 2016, the festival moved from Montreal to Vancouver.

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# The YoungCuts Film Festival

The **YoungCuts Film Festival** is an international film festival based in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, whose mandate is to advance the careers of young filmmakers. Originally established in Toronto in 2001, the festival was created to identify and help talented young people begin their film and television careers by providing exposure and recognition of their works. In 2007, the festival moved to Montreal. The annual event selects the best 100 films of the year from more than 1,000 submissions by filmmakers 29 years old and under. In 2016, the festival moved from Montreal to Vancouver.

## History

Originally launched in Toronto as the **Toronto International Teen Movie Festival** in 2001, the event was re-organized and re-launched as the YoungCuts Film Festival in 2005. In August 2006, the festival added Montreal as a venue and became bilingual, featuring 50 films including English and French titles. The festival began to receive more submissions from around the world, eventually reaching over 1,000.

In 2007, the festival made Montreal its new official home. The festival also set a goal to increase the quantity and quality of films submitted to the festival. As a result, the festival expanded from four days to eight and the number of films presented expanded from 50 to 100. The festival has grown significantly since its inception, and has been actively supported by a number of television and film professionals including Tom Sizemore, Lalaine, Chris Potter, Maxim Roy, and Frédérick De Grandpré.

The festival has received the support of a number of major companies. Its sponsors have included Pepsi, Nokia, Astral Media, High Fidelity HDTV, Avid Technology, Quebecor, *Tribute Magazine*, and the City of Montreal. Louise Kierans is president of the festival and Harvard MBA graduate Jay Moulton has been chairman of the festival since 2005.

In 2009, more than one thousand films from twenty countries were submitted to the festival. In 2010, entries were received from 30 countries. In 2011, more than 1,200 films were evaluated leading up to the festival's 10th anniversary celebration in September 2011. In 2012, the festival expanded to include filmmakers ages 25 to 29. In late 2016, the festival moved to its new home in Vancouver.

## InfoBox

The YoungCuts Film Festival
| Location |  |
| --- | --- |
| Established | 2001 |
| Hosted by | The YoungCuts Film Festival Group |
| No. of films | 100 |
| Website | http://www.youngcuts.com/ |


title: Thelymitra orientalis

abstract: Thelymitra orientalis is a rare species of orchid in the family Orchidaceae and is endemic to southern continental Australia. It has a single thread-like, cylindrical leaf and a single deep blue, streaked flower. It is similar to T. mucida but is distinguished from that species by its filiform leaf and smaller flower.

text:
# Thelymitra orientalis

***Thelymitra orientalis*** is a rare species of orchid in the family Orchidaceae and is endemic to southern continental Australia. It has a single thread-like, cylindrical leaf and a single deep blue, streaked flower. It is similar to *T. mucida* but is distinguished from that species by its filiform leaf and smaller flower.

## Description

*Thelymitra orientalis* is a tuberous, perennial herb with a single thread-like, cylindrical leaf about 50 mm (2 in) long and 2 mm (0.08 in) wide with a red base. A single deep blue flower with 6 to 8 darker streaks, up to 10 mm (0.4 in) wide is borne on a flowering stem up to 100 mm (4 in) tall. The sepals and petals are 5–7 mm (0.2–0.3 in) long and 4–5 mm (0.16–0.20 in) wide. The column is a rich purple colour, 3–4 mm (0.12–0.16 in) long and about 2 mm (0.08 in) wide. The lobe on the top of the anther is black with a yellow tip divided into two parts with wavy edges. The side lobes have a few yellow hairs. Flowering occurs between late October and early-November and the flowers only open on hot days.

## Taxonomy and naming

*Thelymitra orientalis* was first formally described in 2010 by Robert Bates from a specimen he collected in The Marshes Native Forest Reserve near Millicent in 2003. The description was published in the *Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Garden*. The specific epithet (*orientalis*) is a Latin word meaning "of the east", referring to fact that this orchid is related to *T. mucida* which is mainly a Western Australian species.

## Distribution and habitat

This thelymitra grows in damp heath in high rainfall areas. It is found in western Victoria and the far south-east of South Australia.

## InfoBox

| *Thelymitra orientalis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Orchidaceae |
| Subfamily: | Orchidoideae |
| Tribe: | Diurideae |
| Genus: | *Thelymitra* |
| Species: | ***T. orientalis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Thelymitra orientalis***<br>R.J.Bates | |
|


title: Theodore, Alabama

abstract: Theodore is an unincorporated area and census-designated place (CDP) in Mobile County, Alabama, United States. The population was 6,270 at the 2020 census. It is a part of the Mobile metropolitan area. Prior to 1900 this area was known as "Clements", but it is now named for William Theodore Hieronymous, a sawmill operator and postmaster.

text:
# Theodore, Alabama

**Theodore** is an unincorporated area and census-designated place (CDP) in Mobile County, Alabama, United States. The population was 6,270 at the 2020 census. It is a part of the Mobile metropolitan area. Prior to 1900 this area was known as "Clements", but it is now named for William Theodore Hieronymous, a sawmill operator and postmaster.

## Geography

Theodore is located in southern Mobile County at 30°33′02″N 88°10′51″W / 30.550690°N 88.180878°W / 30.550690; -88.180878. It is bordered to the northeast by the city of Mobile (the original center of Theodore is now within the Mobile city limits) and to the northwest by Tillmans Corner. Interstate 10 forms the border between Theodore and Tillmans Corner, with access from Exit 13 (Theodore Dawes Road). I-10 leads northeast 14 miles (23 km) to downtown Mobile and west 27 miles (43 km) to the Pascagoula, Mississippi, area.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the Theodore CDP has a total area of 8.0 square miles (21 km2), of which 0.002 square miles (0.0052 km2), or 0.03%, are water.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1890 | 277 |  |  |
| 1980 | 6,392 |  |  |
| 1990 | 6,509 |  | 1.8% |
| 2000 | 6,811 |  | 4.6% |
| 2010 | 6,130 |  | −10.0% |
| 2020 | 6,270 |  | 2.3% |
| source: | | | |

Theodore first appeared on the 1890 U.S. Census as a village. It did not appear again on the census until 1980 when it was designated a CDP (census-designated place).

### 2000 census

As of the census of 2000, there were 6,811 people, 2,483 households, and 1,926 families living in the CDP. The population density was 571.6 inhabitants per square mile (220.7/km2). There were 2,697 housing units at an average density of 226.3 per square mile (87.4/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 71.11% White, 25.58% Black or African American, 0.62% Native American, 1.29% Asian, 0.41% from other races, and 1.00% from two or more races. 1.38% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 2,483 households, out of which 38.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.6% were married couples living together, 19.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.4% were non-families. 19.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.73 and the average family size was 3.11.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 28.5% under the age of 18, 9.8% from 18 to 24, 29.2% from 25 to 44, 22.0% from 45 to 64, and 10.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.6 males.

The median income for a household in the CDPwas $33,750, and the median income for a family was $36,500. Males had a median income of $32,297 versus $19,679 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $15,129. About 16.3% of families and 18.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 25.6% of those under age 18 and 23.5% of those age 65 or over.

### 2010 census

As of the census of 2010, there were 6,130 people, 2,293 households, and 1,681 families living in the CDP. The population density was 770 inhabitants per square mile (300/km2). There were 2,473 housing units at an average density of 309.1 per square mile (119.3/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 79.7% White, 13.3% Black or African American, 1.1% Native American, 2.4% Asian, 1.1% from other races, and 2.2% from two or more races. 3.2% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 2,293 households, out of which 35.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.0% were married couples living together, 17.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.7% were non-families. 21.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.67 and the average family size was 3.08.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 27.4% under the age of 18, 9.8% from 18 to 24, 27.7% from 25 to 44, 23.7% from 45 to 64, and 11.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34.3 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.3 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $41,473, and the median income for a family was $44,950. Males had a median income of $33,673 versus $23,658 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $17,384. About 17.9% of families and 22.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 37.8% of those under age 18 and 10.8% of those age 65 or over.

### 2020 census

Theodore racial composition
| Race | Num. | Perc. |
| --- | --- | --- |
| White (non-Hispanic) | 4,186 | 66.76% |
| Black or African American (non-Hispanic) | 1,188 | 18.95% |
| Native American | 69 | 1.1% |
| Asian | 198 | 3.16% |
| Pacific Islander | 1 | 0.02% |
| Other/Mixed | 343 | 5.47% |
| Hispanic or Latino | 285 | 4.55% |

As of the 2020 United States census, there were 6,270 people, 2,035 households, and 1,465 families residing in the CDP.

## Education

The community is in the Mobile County Public School System.

Two elementary schools, Mary Borroughs and Nan Gray Davis, serve sections of the CDP. All residents are zoned to Hankins Middle School and Theodore High School.

## Points of interest

## Notable people

## InfoBox

| Theodore, Alabama | |
| --- | --- |
| Census-designated place | |
| First Baptist Church in Theodore | |
| Location in Mobile County and the state of Alabama | |
| Coordinates: 30°33′2″N 88°10′51″W / 30.55056°N 88.18083°W / 30.55056; -88.18083 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Alabama |
| County | Mobile |
| Area | |
| Total | 7.98 sq mi (20.68 km2) |
| Land | 7.98 sq mi (20.67 km2) |
| Water | 0.00 sq mi (0.01 km2) |
| Elevation | 62 ft (19 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 6,270 |
| Density | 785.52/sq mi (303.29/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| ZIP codes | 36582, 36590, 36619 |
| Area code | 251 |
| FIPS code | 01-75768 |
| GNIS feature ID | 0127851 |


title: The Big Green Tent

abstract: The Big Green Tent is a novel by Russian novelist and short story writer Lyudmila Ulitskaya. It was published in Russian in 2010 and was translated into English by Polly Gannon in 2015.

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# The Big Green Tent

***The Big Green Tent*** (Russian: Зелёный шатёр) is a novel by Russian novelist and short story writer Lyudmila Ulitskaya. It was published in Russian in 2010 and was translated into English by Polly Gannon in 2015.

## Historical context

*The Big Green Tent* takes place in the Soviet Union, Russia's political state for 11 years after the death of Joseph Stalin. During this time, the government became involved in every aspect of the Russian citizens’ daily lives through propaganda and censorship which is reflected in the novel. Although not explicitly referred to in the book, the Soviet officials kickstarted a campaign to convince children that they were in fact living happy lives during the political turmoil. They were not only the target for this effort, but also the representation on posters. It was not meant to be viewed as adults telling children how to live, rather it was children telling their peers how good life in Russia was. The point of this was to create a sense of unity with one another in order to keep the Soviet ideals in line and not have those who diverged and spoke against the strict guidelines. Despite the effort demonstrated by the government, their work was not as fruitful as they had hoped.

The book shows the main characters dissenting from this through their production of samizdat which leads to the discussion on censorship. During the era of Soviet Union, news, art, and literature were heavily censored in an effort to keep the adults from reading about new ideas from other countries and Russia's own citizens. Publishing works like the samizdat in the book were punishable by imprisonment which is what happened to Mikha.

## Plot summary

The novel recounts the lives of three boys: Ilya, Sanya, and Mikha. Attending the same school and struggling against the local bullies leads them all to become friends early on in childhood. Through their literature teacher, Victor Shengeli, the boys find a passion for reading and poetry. Shengeli becomes close friends with his students and spends Wednesday evenings touring Moscow as their guide calling themselves the LORLs, or the Lovers of Russian Literature. The boys grow up together experiencing a lot of the same joys and struggles, and remain close through their high school graduation. When the time comes for college applications, careers, and new beginnings, Ilya plans to attend the Leningrad Institute of Cinema Engineering to pursue his passion for photography. However, he meets Pierre Zand, a Belgian visiting Moscow for an international student festival, whom he befriends. Eventually, the two agree to produce samizdat for a foreign publication. Ilya collects the photographs and literary works, then sends them to Pierre to be published internationally. This work extends for the entirety of Ilya's life. He has his only son with his first wife Lyudmila. Disturbed by the potential miserable life her autistic son will experience, Lyudmila moves to America with her son leaving Ilya behind in Russia. As his relationship deteriorates with Lyudmila, he falls in love with a woman named Olga whom he marries and lives with for many years helping to raise her son Kostya. His dangerous career of producing samizdat forces Ilya to flee Russia. He remains in touch with Olga who desperately seeks to be with him again, but again, Ilya has moved on to love another woman. He eventually ends up living in Munich, where he later dies of kidney cancer. Olga dies forty days later after her recovery from a severe depression caused by Ilya's leaving. While Ilya pursues his career, Mikha finds a passion for philology and defectology and seeks to combine the two through teaching deaf-mute children. His mentor, Yakov Petrovich, provides him with knowledge concerning defectology and eventually gets him a job teaching in a rural deaf-mute school. Mikha marries Alyona around the same time his Aunt Genya passes away. He eventually loses his teaching job because of his entanglement with samizdat and anti-Soviet behavior. Having no other options, Mikha begins to work with Ilya creating and distributing samizdat for international publication. This work eventually leads him to imprisonment and when he is freed, nothing is the same. His marriage and social life fall apart, leading him to commit suicide. As for Sanya, he chooses to pursue his interest in music theory and composition. His studies lead him to become cut off from the sociopolitical world until Mikha is arrested. Sanya is driven to take Mikha's place in caring for Alyona, and even helps her raise Mikha's newborn son, Maya. When Mikha comes home, Sanya is awkwardly distanced from his friends at the same time that his grandmother, Anna Alexandrovna, dies. Sanya, feeling empty and wanting to leave Russia, allows Pierre to set him up with an American woman. His new wife gives him the opportunity to immigrate to America where he goes on to teach at a world renowned music school. The novel ends with a reunion of Sanya and a childhood friend named Liza. Later on the night of their meeting, the poet Joseph Brodsky, whom they visited earlier that evening, and who had been exiled to the US, dies.

## Main characters

* Ilya –– the first of the protagonists; he has a passion for photography and literature that directs the course of his life and his career as a samizdat publisher (Married to Lyudmila with whom he has an autistic son, then marries Olga).
* Mikha –– the second of the protagonists; he has a passion for literature and teaching disabled children. He undergoes many hardships which cost him his teaching job, put him in jail, and ultimately lead to his suicide.
* Sanya –– the third and final protagonist; he has a passion for music that starts at an early age. His grandmother, Anna Alexandrovna, nurtures this passion which leads him through his social life and his career. He escapes Russia through immigration to America and goes on to teach at a famous music school.
* Victor Yulievich –– Ilya, Sanya, and Mikha's literature teacher; he changes the boy's perspectives on life and opens them up to literature. He remains friends with the boys throughout their lives and acts as a distant mentor until his death.
* Pierre Zand –– Russian emigrant who lives in Belgium. He becomes friends with the three protagonists, most notably Ilya. He lives outside of Russia and works with Ilya to produce samizdat in foreign countries.
* Anna Alexandrovna –– Sanya's grandmother; she not only helps raise Sanya, but she also finds a friendship with Mikha that lasts until her death following Mikha's return from prison.
* Olga –– Ilya's second wife after her own first marriage ends. Besides her son, Kostya, her life revolves around Ilya, even up unto the point of her death.
* Kostya –– the son of Olga and Vova, Olga's first husband; he is mostly raised by Ilya whom he takes after both socially and politically.
* Tamara Brin “Brinchik” –– the first of Olga's best friends from childhood; she cares for Olga throughout her life, especially after Ilya leaves Olga. Ultimately, her own husband is forced to leave the country, leaving her alone in Russia.
* Galya –– the second of Olga's best friends; she supports Olga alongside Tamara despite their distaste for one another. After Olga dies, Tamara and Galya settle differences and become friends.
* Afanasy Mikhailovich –– a retired war veteran; he is the husband of Antonina Naumovna and the father of Olga. He opens his home for Ilya and Olga when they marry. During retirement, he pursues his love for refurbishing furniture until his death.
* Antonina Naumovna –– a renowned magazine editor; she is the wife of Afansay Mikhailovich and the mother of Olga. She resents Olga for her choices later in life and dies not long after her husband.
* Alyona –– wife of Mikha; she has a son with him named Maya. As her husband begins to undergo seemingly endless hardships, she falls distant from him. She leaves, taking Maya to stay with her parents. She remains there even after Mikha's suicide.

## Major themes and symbols

* Anti-Sovietism –– the novel explores resistance to the Soviet government through the careers and beliefs of the three main characters and their friends. Ilya and Mikhail take a huge interest in samizdat production during their young adult lives which ends up being their final careers. They were obviously aware of the consequences considering raids happened frequently and they both encountered close calls with the government. They were both raised in the era that attempted to brain wash them into following Soviet rules, but their resilience and passion for uncovering new ways to see the world was more important than following laws. Without the fight made with samizdat and anti-Soviet practices, there would be no book.
* Loyalty –– the friendships found within the novel all rely on trusting one another and standing by loved ones no matter their burdens. While they were still young, the boys demonstrated their loyalty by standing by Professor Yulievich during his trial against the other teachers. They knew he had done nothing wrong and stood up for him even though it was inconvenient for them. Together they helped friends in need, but they always took care of one another, too. For instance, Mikha was in need of a job, so Ilya found him a spot working with the team producing samizdat. Though it led him to prison, Mikha had a friend through everything. In addition to Ilya's assistance with attaining work, Sanya stepped in to care for Mikha's wife when he was imprisoned. Sacrificing for one another in order to stabilize their lives was important to the boys.
* Emigration –– there is a constant sense of needing to escape their homes and many of the characters threaten to leave, unfortunately, the majority never have that opportunity. Though this theme seems a little obscure, it makes sense when compared to the time period. During this era, the citizens of Russia were not happy despite being told they were by the government, so the fact that the characters in *The Big Green Tent* often wished to flee their home country is not surprising. Ilya leaves on many occasions, while Sanya emigrates permanently to the United States at the end of the books. Consistently, people leave for long periods of times and return unhappy. Though traveling to a different city for a few days is not as drastic as leaving once and for all, it symbolizes, on a smaller scale, the desire for something more.
* Milyutin Park –– this park in the novel becomes a rendezvous point for the friends to meet up throughout the years. If nothing else is consistent in their lives, this is one place they could always count on.
* The Big Green Tent –– at the end of the eighth chapter, the Big Green Tent is seen as a vision before Olga dies. Every character, past and present, is seen at the tent and it could be defined as prophetic.

1. Johnson, Emily (January 2016). "The Big Green Tent by Lydumila Ulitskaya". *World Literature Today*. **90**: 68–69.
2. Azhgikhina, Nadezhda (November 2011). "Censorship in Russia: Old and New Faces". *World Literature Today*. **85**: 35–39.
3. Knight, Rebecca (July 2009). "REPRESENTATIONS OF SOVIET CHILDHOOD IN POST-SOVIET TEXTS BY LIUDMILA ULITSKAIA AND NINA GABRIELIAN". *The Modern Language Review*. **104**: 790–808.
4. Ulitskaya, Lyudmila (November 10, 2015). *The Big Green Tent*. United States of America: Picador. pp. 1–579. ISBN 978-1-250-09744-6.
5. Reviews, Kirkus (August 2015). "Ulitskaya, Ludmila: The Big Green Tent".
* Britannica Post-Soviet Literature on Britannica
* Elkost Ulitskaya's Elkost author profile


title: Ostia Synagogue

abstract: The Ostia Synagogue is an ancient former Jewish synagogue and archaeological site, located in ancient Ostia, the seaport of Imperial Rome, in modern-day Lazio, in Italy. It is one of the oldest synagogues in the world, the oldest synagogue in Europe and the oldest mainstream Jewish synagogue yet uncovered outside the Land of Israel. The synagogue building dates from the reign of Claudius and continued in use as a synagogue into the 5th century AD.

text:
# Ostia Synagogue

The **Ostia Synagogue** is an ancient former Jewish synagogue and archaeological site, located in ancient Ostia, the seaport of Imperial Rome, in modern-day Lazio, in Italy. It is one of the oldest synagogues in the world, the oldest synagogue in Europe and the oldest mainstream Jewish synagogue yet uncovered outside the Land of Israel. The synagogue building dates from the reign of Claudius (41-54 AD) and continued in use as a synagogue into the 5th century AD.

## Architecture

### Dating

There is a scholarly debate about the status of the synagogue building in the 1st century AD, with some maintaining that the building began as a house only later converted to use as a synagogue, and others arguing that it was in use as a synagogue from the 1st century.

### Construction

In its earliest form, the synagogue featured a main hall with benches along three walls; a propylaeum or monumental gateway featuring four marble columns; and a triclinium or dining room with couches along three walls. There was a water well and basin near the entryway for ritual washings. The main door of the synagogue faces the southeast, towards Jerusalem.

An aedicula, to serve as a Torah Ark, was added in the 4th century AD. A donor inscription implies that it replaced an earlier wooden platform donated in the 2nd century AD, which itself had been replaced by a newer Ark donated by one Mindus Faustus in the 3rd century AD.

Media related to Synagogue of Ostia at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Ostia Synagogue | |
| --- | --- |
| The cult hall with the bimah in the background along the wall | |
| Religion | |
| Affiliation | Judaism (former) |
| Ecclesiastical or organisational status |  |
| Status | **Ruins** |
| Location | |
| Location | Ancient Ostia, Imperial Rome, Lazio |
| Country | Italy |
| Location of the former synagogue in modern-day Lazio | |
| Geographic coordinates | 41°44′56″N 12°17′19″E / 41.74889°N 12.28861°E / 41.74889; 12.28861 |
| Architecture | |
| Type | Synagogue architecture |
| Completed | 1st century |
| Direction of façade | Southeast (towards Jerusalem) |
| Website | |
| ostiaantica.beniculturali.it | |
|  | |


title: Tewkesbury Rural District

abstract: Tewkesbury Rural District was from 1894 to 1935 a rural district in the southwestern part of the Midlands in England. It had the unusual feature of including territory from the two neighbouring administrative counties of Gloucestershire and Worcestershire until boundary changes in 1933 placed the entire district in Gloucestershire.

text:
# Tewkesbury Rural District

51°59′17″N 2°07′37″W / 51.988°N 2.127°W / 51.988; -2.127

**Tewkesbury Rural District** was from 1894 to 1935 a rural district in the southwestern part of the Midlands in England. It had the unusual feature of including territory from the two neighbouring administrative counties of Gloucestershire and Worcestershire until boundary changes in 1933 placed the entire district in Gloucestershire.

## Formation

The rural district was formed by the Local Government Act 1894 as successor to the Tewkesbury Rural Sanitary District. A directly elected rural district council (RDC) replaced the rural sanitary authority, which consisted of the poor law guardians for the area. The district did not include the town of Tewkesbury which was a separate municipal borough.

## Parishes

The district comprised the following civil parishes:

| Parish | County |
| --- | --- |
| Ashchurch | Gloucestershire |
| Boddington | Gloucestershire |
| Bredon | Worcestershire. Transferred to Pershore Rural District 1933. |
| Bredon's Norton | Worcestershire. Transferred to Pershore Rural District 1933. |
| Chaceley | Worcestershire until 1931, Gloucestershire thereafter. |
| Conderton | Worcestershire. Transferred to Evesham Rural District 1933. |
| Deerhurst | Gloucestershire |
| Elmstone Hardwicke | Gloucestershire |
| Forthampton | Gloucestershire |
| Kemerton | Gloucestershire until 1931, Worcestershire thereafter. Transferred to Evesham Rural District 1933. |
| Leigh | Gloucestershire |
| Overbury | Worcestershire. Transferred to Evesham Rural District 1933. |
| Oxenton | Gloucestershire |
| Pendock | Worcestershire. Transferred to Upton-upon-Severn Rural District 1933. |
| Stoke Orchard | Gloucestershire |
| Teddington | Worcestershire until 1931, Gloucestershire thereafter. |
| Tirley | Gloucestershire |
| Tredington | Gloucestershire |
| Twyning | Gloucestershire |
| Walton Cardiff | Gloucestershire |
| Woolstone | Gloucestershire |

## Abolition

The district was abolished in 1935, and its area was redistributed. Most (21,713 acres (87.87 km2)) passed to Cheltenham Rural District; four parishes (Chaceley, Forthampton, Hasfield and Tirley) were transferred to Gloucester Rural District, while 182 acres (0.74 km2) was included within the municipal borough of Tewkesbury.

Notes Bibliography

## InfoBox

| Tewkesbury | |
| --- | --- |
| Area |  |
| 1911 | 28,366 acres (114.79 km2) |
| 1931 | 28,482 acres (115.26 km2) |
|  | |
| Population |  |
| 1901 | 4,986 |
| 1931 | 4,268 |
|  | |
| History |  |
| Created | 1894 |
| Abolished | 1935 |
| Succeeded by | Cheltenham Rural District, Gloucester Rural District |
|  | |
| Status | Rural district |
|  | |
| HQ | Tewkesbury |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Tewkesbury, Tasmania

abstract: Tewkesbury is a locality and small rural community in the local government area of Burnie in the North West region of Tasmania. It is located about 26 kilometres (16 mi) south-west of the town of Burnie. The 2016 census determined a population of 76 for the state suburb of Tewkesbury.

text:
# Tewkesbury, Tasmania

**Tewkesbury** is a locality and small rural community in the local government area of Burnie in the North West region of Tasmania. It is located about 26 kilometres (16 mi) south-west of the town of Burnie. The 2016 census determined a population of 76 for the state suburb of Tewkesbury.

## History

The locality was gazetted in 1966.

## Geography

The Guide River forms part of the eastern boundary, and the Cam River forms the north-western boundary. The Melba rail line follows the south-eastern boundary.

## Road infrastructure

The C101 route (Oonah Road) passes through from north-east to south-west. Route C103 (Talunah Road) starts at an intersection with C101 and runs south before exiting. Route C104 (Guide Road) starts at an intersection with C101 and runs north before exiting.

## InfoBox

| Tewkesbury<br>Tasmania | |
| --- | --- |
| Tewkesbury | |
| Coordinates | 41°12′03″S 145°45′00″E / 41.2008°S 145.7499°E / -41.2008; 145.7499 |
| Population | 76 (2016 census) |
| Postcode(s) | 7321 |
| Location | 26 km (16 mi) SW of Burnie |
| LGA(s) | Burnie |
| Region | North West |
| State electorate(s) | Braddon |
| Federal division(s) | Braddon |
| **Localities around Tewkesbury:**  Henrietta West Ridgley Ridgley  Oonah Tewkesbury Highclere  Parrawe Hampshire Hampshire | |


title: Terrang

abstract: Terrang was an American Thoroughbred racehorse who in the 1950s won a record ten stakes races at Santa Anita Park including the Santa Anita Derby and Santa Anita Handicap.

text:
# Terrang

**Terrang** (foaled 1953 in California) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse who in the 1950s won a record ten stakes races at Santa Anita Park including the Santa Anita Derby and Santa Anita Handicap.

## Background

Bred by Rex Ellsworth, Terrang's dam was Flying Choice, a daughter of the good runner Flying Heels whose sire was the 1925 Kentucky Derby winner, Flying Ebony. His British-born sire Khaled was a winner of England's Coventry, Middle Park, and St. James's Palace Stakes. Imported to the United States by Ellsworth, Khaled was an outstanding stallion who also sired U.S. Racing Hall of Fame inductee, Swaps.

## Racing career

Rex Ellsworth raced Terrang at age three in 1956. Under trainer Mesh Tenney, the colt won the most important race for three-year-olds on the West Coast, the Santa Anita Derby. Ridden by regular jockey Bill Shoemaker, he then finished twelfth in the Kentucky Derby and for the rest of the year showed little of his old form. On January 18, 1957, Ellsworth sold Terrang to Texan's Roland Bond and Lawrence S. Pollock, the latter using the *nom de course*, Poltex Stable. For his new owners, Terrang's race conditioning was handled by Carl Roles who got him back into top shape and guided him to great success over the next three years. Among those successes, in 1957 Terrang set a new Santa Anita track record for a mile and an eight in winning the San Antonio Handicap plus capped off his racing career at age six in 1959 with a win in the prestigious Santa Anita Handicap.

## Stud record

Retired to stud duty having won twelve stakes races in all, Terrang sired several good stakes race winners including the 1970 Santa Anita Derby winner, Terlago.

## InfoBox

| Terrang | |
| --- | --- |
| Sire | Khaled |
| Grandsire | Hyperion |
| Dam | Flying Choice |
| Damsire | Flying Heels |
| Sex | Stallion |
| Foaled | 1953 |
| Country | United States |
| Colour | Brown |
| Breeder | Rex C. Ellsworth |
| Owner | 1) Rex C. Ellsworth
2) Poltex Stable & Roland Bond |
| Trainer | 1) Mesh Tenney
2) Carl Roles (from January 1957) |
| Record | 66: 15-9-12 |
| Earnings | US$599,285 |
| Major wins | |
| Santa Anita Derby (1956)
Will Rogers Stakes (1956)
San Vicente Handicap (1956)
Argonaut Handicap (1957)
San Antonio Handicap (1957)
San Bernardino Handicap (1958, 1959)
San Pasqual Handicap (1958)
Santa Catalina Handicap (1958, 1959)
Santa Anita Handicap (1959) | |


title: Miller & Beal, Inc.

abstract: Miller & Beal, Inc., was a prominent architectural firm based in Portland, Maine, established in 1929. It was the successor to Miller, Mayo & Beal. Architect Lester I. Beal led the office.

text:
# Miller & Beal, Inc.

**Miller & Beal, Inc.**, was a prominent architectural firm based in Portland, Maine, established in 1929. It was the successor to Miller, Mayo & Beal. Architect Lester I. Beal led the office.

## History

The office was established in 1929, as **Miller & Beal**, when Raymond J. Mayo withdrew from the firm of Miller, Mayo & Beal. Lester Beal had worked for Mayo and William R. Miller since 1906, when the firm was based in Lewiston. The senior partner, William Miller, died on December 14, 1929, but Beal continued the office as **Miller & Beal, Inc**.

In the late 1950s Beal added Joseph DePeter and Ernest F. Spaulding as partners, with the firm becoming known as Beal, DePeter, Spaulding. He retired soon afterward, in 1960. After his 1966 death, the firm became Beal, DePeter, Ward with Edwin Corrigan Ward.

## Architectural works

### Miller & Beal, 1929

### Miller & Beal, Inc., 1929-1950s

### Beal, DePeter, Spaulding, 1950s-1966

### Beal, DePeter, Spaulding, from 1966


title: Volbeat discography

abstract: Danish rock band Volbeat has released eight studio albums, three live albums, three video albums, twenty-seven singles and twenty-three music videos. Volbeat was founded in Copenhagen in 2001 by former Dominus member, Michael Poulsen. The line up was completed by guitarist Teddy Vang, bassist Anders Kjølholm and drummer Jon Larsen. Volbeat recorded their self-titled demo in 2002, followed by another demo called Beat the Meat. Franz Gottschalk replaced Teddy Vang before the second demo was recorded. The band was signed by Rebel Monster Records, a sublabel of Mascot Records. The Strength/The Sound/The Songs was released as Volbeat's debut album in September 2005 and reached number eighteen on the Tracklisten chart in Denmark. The second album, Rock the Rebel/Metal the Devil, was recorded in autumn of 2006. When the recordings were finished, Gottschalk was forced to leave the band. He was replaced by Thomas Bredahl. Rock the Rebel/Metal the Devil was released in February 2007 and peaked at number one in Denmark. Their third album, Guitar Gangsters & Cadillac Blood, was released on 29 August 2008 and debuted at number one in both Denmark and Finland. Volbeat's long-awaited fourth album, Beyond Hell/Above Heaven, was released in September 2010. It debuted at number one in Denmark, Finland and Sweden, and became their first appearance on the Billboard 200 in the United States. The album's lead single, "Fallen", reached the top twenty in Denmark, Finland and Sweden. They even made a cover for Metallica's Blacklist cover album.

text:
# Volbeat discography

Danish rock band Volbeat has released eight studio albums, three live albums, three video albums, twenty-seven singles and twenty-three music videos.

Volbeat was founded in Copenhagen in 2001 by former Dominus member, Michael Poulsen. The line up was completed by guitarist Teddy Vang, bassist Anders Kjølholm and drummer Jon Larsen. Volbeat recorded their self-titled demo in 2002, followed by another demo called *Beat the Meat*. Franz Gottschalk replaced Teddy Vang before the second demo was recorded. The band was signed by Rebel Monster Records, a sublabel of Mascot Records. *The Strength/The Sound/The Songs* was released as Volbeat's debut album in September 2005 and reached number eighteen on the Tracklisten chart in Denmark. The second album, *Rock the Rebel/Metal the Devil*, was recorded in autumn of 2006. When the recordings were finished, Gottschalk was forced to leave the band. He was replaced by Thomas Bredahl. *Rock the Rebel/Metal the Devil* was released in February 2007 and peaked at number one in Denmark. Their third album, *Guitar Gangsters & Cadillac Blood*, was released on 29 August 2008 and debuted at number one in both Denmark and Finland. Volbeat's long-awaited fourth album, *Beyond Hell/Above Heaven*, was released in September 2010. It debuted at number one in Denmark, Finland and Sweden, and became their first appearance on the *Billboard* 200 in the United States. The album's lead single, "Fallen", reached the top twenty in Denmark, Finland and Sweden. They even made a cover for Metallica's *Blacklist* cover album.

## Albums

### Studio albums

List of studio albums, with selected chart positions and certifications
| Title | Album details | Peak chart positions | | | | | | | | | | Certifications |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | DEN
 | AUT
 | BEL
(FL)
 | FIN
 | GER
 | NLD
 | NOR
 | SWE
 | SWI
 | US
 | |
| *The Strength/The Sound/The Songs* |  | 18 | 55 |  | 33 | 24 |  |  | 49 |  |  |  |
| *Rock the Rebel/Metal the Devil* | * Released: 23 February 2007 (GER) * Label: Mascot * Formats: LP, CD, digital download | 1 | 54 |  | 14 | 62 |  |  | 41 |  |  | * IFPI DEN: 4× Platinum * BVMI: Gold |
| *Guitar Gangsters & Cadillac Blood* | * Released: 29 August 2008 (DEN) * Label: Mascot * Formats: LP, CD, digital download | 1 | 26 | 60 | 1 | 15 | 29 | 28 | 41 | 30 |  |  |
| *Beyond Hell/Above Heaven* |  | 1 | 2 | 29 | 1 | 3 | 8 | 8 | 1 | 7 | 142 |  |
| *Outlaw Gentlemen & Shady Ladies* | * Released: 5 April 2013 (DEN) * Label: Vertigo, Republic, Universal * Formats: LP, CD, digital download | 1 | 1 | 10 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 9 |  |
| *Seal the Deal & Let's Boogie* | * Released: 3 June 2016 * Label: Vertigo, Republic, Universal * Formats: LP, CD, digital download | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 | * IFPI DEN: 6× Platinum * BVMI: 3× Gold * IFPI AUT: 2× Platinum * IFPI SWE: 2× Platinum * IFPI NOR: Platinum * MC: Gold |
| *Rewind, Replay, Rebound* | * Released: 2 August 2019 * Label: Vertigo, Republic, Universal * Formats: LP, CD, digital download | 2 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 27 |  |
| *Servant of the Mind* | * Released: 3 December 2021 * Label: Vertigo, Republic, Universal * Formats: LP, CD, digital download | 1
 | 1 | 8 | 4
 | 1 | 5 | 10
 | 6
 | 2 | 91 |  |
| "—" denotes a recording that did not chart or was not released in that territory. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

### Live albums

List of live albums, with selected chart positions
| Title | Album details | Peak chart positions | | | | | | | Certifications |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | DEN
 | AUT
 | BEL
(FL)
 | GER
 | NLD
 | SWE
 | SWI
 | |
| *Live from Beyond Hell/Above Heaven* | * Released: 18 November 2011 (DEN) * Label: Vertigo * Formats: CD, LP, digital download | 21 | 30 | 61 | 10 | 98 |  |  | * BVMI: Platinum (video) |
| *Let's Boogie! (Live from Telia Parken)* | * Released: 14 December 2018 * Label: Vertigo * Formats: CD, LP, digital download | 1 | 9 | 44 | 4 | 34 | 21 | 28 |  |
| *Rewind, Replay, Rebound: Live in Deutschland* | * Released: 27 November 2020 * Label: Republic * Formats: CD, LP, digital download |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

### Video albums

List of video albums
| Title | Album details |
| --- | --- |
| *Live in a Pool of Booze* | * Released: 9 July 2007 (UK) * Label: Mascot * Formats: DVD |
| *Live: Sold Out!* | * Released: 22 February 2008 (DEN) * Label: Mascot * Formats: DVD |
| *Live from Beyond Hell/Above Heaven* | * Released: 18 November 2011 (DEN) * Label: Vertigo, Universal * Formats: DVD, Blu-ray |

## Singles

List of singles, with selected chart positions and certifications, showing year released and album name
| Title | Year | Peak chart positions | | | | | | | | | | Certifications | Album |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | DEN
 | AUT
 | CAN
Rock
 | FIN
 | GER
 | NLD
 | SWE
 | US
Alt.
 | US
Main.
 | US
Rock
 | | |
| "I Only Wanna Be with You" | 2006 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | *The Strength/The Sound/The Songs* |
| "Sad Man's Tongue" | 2007 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | *Rock the Rebel/Metal the Devil* |
| | "The Garden's Tale" | 18 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | |  |
| | "Radio Girl" |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | |  |
| "Maybellene i Hofteholder" | 2008 | 5 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | * IFPI DEN: Platinum | *Guitar Gangsters & Cadillac Blood* |
| | "Mary Ann's Place"
(featuring Pernille Rosendahl) | 35 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | |  |
| "We" | 2009 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | |  |
| "Fallen" | 2010 | 13 | 58 | 32 | 18 | 62 |  | 16 |  | 11 | 27 |  | *Beyond Hell/Above Heaven* |
| | "Heaven nor Hell" | 20 |  | 9 |  |  |  |  |  | 1 | 30 | |  |
| | "7 Shots"
(featuring Mille Petrozza and Michael Denner) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | |  |
| "16 Dollars" | 2011 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | |  |
| | "A Warrior's Call" |  |  | 21 |  |  |  |  | 25 | 2 | 11 | |  |
| "Still Counting" | 2012 |  |  | 24 |  |  |  |  |  | 1 | 14 | * IFPI DEN: Platinum * BVMI: Gold * IFPI AUT: 3× Gold * MC: 2× Platinum | *Guitar Gangsters & Cadillac Blood* |
| "Cape of Our Hero" | 2013 | 6 | 34 |  |  | 63 |  |  |  |  |  |  | *Outlaw Gentlemen & Shady Ladies* |
| | "The Hangman's Body Count" |  |  | 16 |  |  |  |  | 40 | 1 | 37 | |  |
| | "Lola Montez" |  |  | 17 |  |  | 84 |  |  | 1 | 35 | |  |
| | "The Nameless One" |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | |  |
| | "Lonesome Rider"
(featuring Sarah Blackwood) | 8 |  |  | 57 |  |  |  |  |  |  | | * IFPI DEN: Platinum * IFPI SWE: Platinum |
| | "Pearl Hart" |  |  |  | 42 |  |  |  |  |  |  | |  |
| "Dead but Rising" | 2014 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3 | 44 | |  |
| | "Doc Holliday" |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 9 |  | |  |
| "The Devil's Bleeding Crown" | 2016 |  | 61 | 11 | 10 | 81 |  |  |  | 1 | 20 | * IFPI DEN: Platinum * IFPI AUT: Gold * IFPI SWE: Platinum * MC: Platinum * RIAA: Platinum | *Seal the Deal & Let's Boogie* |
| | "For Evigt"
(featuring Johan Olsen) | 3 | 62 |  | 41 | 70 |  | 81 |  |  |  | | * IFPI DEN: 6× Platinum * BVMI: Gold * IFPI AUT: Platinum * IFPI SWE: 3× Platinum |
| | "Seal the Deal" |  | 62 | 37 | 41 | 78 |  |  |  | 3 | 36 | |  |
| "Black Rose"
(featuring Danko Jones) | 2017 |  |  | 50 |  |  |  |  |  | 1 | 30 | |  |
| "Leviathan" | 2019 |  |  |  | 56 |  |  |  |  | 5 | 49 |  | *Rewind, Replay, Rebound* |
| | "Last Day Under the Sun" |  |  | 26 |  |  |  |  |  | 1 | 15 | |  |
| | "Cheapside Sloggers"
(featuring Gary Holt) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | |  |
| | "Pelvis on Fire" |  |  |  |  |  |  | 19 |  |  |  | |  |
| | "Die to Live"
(featuring Neil Fallon) |  |  | 40 |  |  |  |  |  | 1 | 32 | |  |
| "Wait a Minute My Girl" | 2021 |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | 81 | 34 | 1 |  |  | *Servant of the Mind* |
| | "Dagen Før" |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | |  |
| | "Shotgun Blues" |  |  | 24 |  |  |  |  |  | 1 | 36 | |  |
| ||
| "Becoming" |  |  | 31 | 52 |  |  |  |  | 21 |  |  | |
| "Temple of Ekur" | 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 8 |  |  |
| "—" denotes a recording that did not chart or was not released in that territory. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## Other charted and certified songs

List of other charted songs, with selected chart positions, showing year released and album name
| Title | Year | Peak chart positions | Certifications | Album |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | US
Rock
 | | |
| "The Bliss" | 2016 |  |  | *Seal the Deal & Let's Boogie* |
| | "Let It Burn" |  | |  |
| "—" denotes a recording that did not chart or was not released in that territory. | | | | | |

## Music videos

List of music videos, showing year released and directors
| Title | Year | Director(s) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| "Soulsweeper" | 2006 |  |
| | | "I Only Wanna Be with You" |
| "The Garden's Tale" | | 2007 |
| | | "Radio Girl" |
| | | "Sad Man's Tongue" |
| "Maybelenne i Hofteholder" | 2008 | Claus Vedel |
| | "Mary Ann's Place"
(featuring Pernille Rosendahl) | Alex Diezinger |
| "We" | 2009 | AVA |
| "Fallen" | 2010 | Matt Wignall |
| | "Heaven nor Hell" | Uwe Flade |
| "16 Dollars" | 2011 | Jakob Printzlau |
| | "A Warrior's Call" | Matt Wignall |
| "Still Counting" (live) | 2012 | Michael Sarna |
| "Cape of Our Hero" | 2013 | Jakob Printzlau |
| | "Lola Montez" (live) | Sven Offen |
| | "The Nameless One" (live) |
| "Lonesome Rider"
(ft. Sarah Blackwood) | 2014 | Jakob Printzlau |
| "The Devil's Bleeding Crown" | 2016 | Plastic Kid. |
| | "Seal the Deal" | Martin Landgreve, Magnus Jonsson |
| "Black Rose" | 2017 | Toon53 Productions |
| "Leviathan" | 2019 | Adam Rothlein |
| | "Last Day Under The Sun" | Jakob Printzlau |
| | "Cheapside Sloggers"
(ft. Gary Holt) | Shan Dan Horan |
| | "Die To Live"
(ft. Neil Fallon) | Adam Rothlein |
| "Wait a Minute My Girl" | 2021 | Sean Donnelly |
| | "Shotgun Blues" | Adam Rothlein |
| "Temple Of Ekur" | 2022 | Shan Dan Horan, VisualHype |
| | "Becoming" | Brittany Bowman |
|

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62. "Volbeat – Lola Montez" (in Swedish). Grammofonleverantörernas förening. Archived from the original on 20 April 2024. Retrieved 20 April 2024.
63. *"The Nameless One"* (single). Volbeat. Spinefarm Records. 2013.`{{cite AV media notes}}`: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
64. "Danish certifications". IFPI Danmark. Retrieved 1 June 2022.
65. "Volbeat feat. Sarah Blackwood – Lonesome Rider" (in Swedish). Grammofonleverantörernas förening. Archived from the original on 20 April 2024. Retrieved 20 April 2024.
66. *"Pearl Hart"* (single). Volbeat. Vertigo Records. 2013.`{{cite AV media notes}}`: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
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73. "Veckolista Heatseeker, vecka 32". Sverigetopplistan. Retrieved 9 August 2019.
74. "Volbeat – Leviathan" (in Swedish). Grammofonleverantörernas förening. Archived from the original on 4 April 2024. Retrieved 4 April 2024.
75. "Volbeat – Chart History: Denmark Digital Song Sales". *Billboard*. Archived from the original on 16 August 2019. Retrieved 15 August 2019.
76. "Volbeat – Chart History: Austria Digital Song Sales". *Billboard*. Archived from the original on 16 August 2019. Retrieved 15 August 2019.
77. "Volbeat – Last Day Under the Sun" (in Swedish). Grammofonleverantörernas förening. Archived from the original on 4 April 2024. Retrieved 4 April 2024.
78. "Volbeat Debuts Two New Songs For The Summer, 'Wait A Minute My Girl' And 'Dagen Før'". *Blabbermouth.net*. 2 June 2021. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
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80. "Veckolista Heatseeker, vecka 39". Sverigetopplistan. Retrieved 2 October 2021.
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83. "Volbeat – Chart History: Rock Airplay". *Billboard*. Retrieved 7 August 2023.
84. "Volbeat – Chart History: Rock Digital Song Sales". *Billboard*. Retrieved 15 August 2019.
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89. "Fallen | Volbeat | Music Video". *MTV*. Viacom Media Networks. 13 August 2010. Archived from the original on 1 October 2015. Retrieved 20 April 2014.
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108. "Volbeat - Becoming (Official Music Video)". *www.youtube.com*. YouTube. Retrieved 23 August 2022.

## InfoBox

| Volbeat discography | |
| --- | --- |
| Volbeat in 2016. L–R: Rob Caggiano, Michael Poulsen, Jon Larsen, and Kaspar Boye Larsen. | |
| Studio albums | 8 |
| Live albums | 3 |
| Video albums | 3 |
| Music videos | 23 |
| Singles | 27 |


title: UnionPay (application)

abstract: The app of UnionPay is a mobile and online payment service, developed and operated by UnionPay, the national Chinese bank card clearing service. Launched in 2017, it was designed to compete with the existing third-party Chinese mobile payment platforms, Alibaba Group's Alipay and Tencent's WeChat Pay. The mobile app allows the user to add their UnionPay bank card, and use it for various types of online and mobile payments, including in-app online payments, QR code payments, as well as contactless payments on NFC-enabled devices using UnionPay's QuickPass feature.

text:
# UnionPay (application)

| UnionPay | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Simplified Chinese | 云闪付 |
| Traditional Chinese | 雲閃付 |
| Transcriptions  Standard Mandarin  Hanyu Pinyin Yúnshǎnfù | |
|  | |

The app of **UnionPay** (Chinese: 云闪付; pinyin: *Yúnshǎnfù*, lit.'Cloud QuickPass') is a mobile and online payment service, developed and operated by UnionPay, the national Chinese bank card clearing service. Launched in 2017, it was designed to compete with the existing third-party Chinese mobile payment platforms, Alibaba Group's Alipay and Tencent's WeChat Pay. The mobile app allows the user to add their UnionPay bank card, and use it for various types of online and mobile payments, including in-app online payments, QR code payments, as well as contactless payments on NFC-enabled devices using UnionPay's QuickPass feature.

## History

The UnionPay app was launched on 11 December 2017, which was merged from the old UnionPay app and UnionPay Wallet (Chinese: 银联钱包). Following that, the app has trailed in popularity behind its two major competitors, however, in 2021, the mandate by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) to open up the "walled garden" ecosystems of the major tech companies, has allowed for increasing interoperability of payment QR codes of Alipay and WeChat Pay in the process ongoing throughout 2021 and 2022.

## Availability

The UnionPay app is available for the following:

As of 2021, it can be used internationally in contactless "tap-and-go" mode with supported point of sale terminals in 51 countries and regions, and in 33 countries and regions in when the QR code "scan-and-go" mode is used.

## InfoBox

UnionPay
|
|  |
| Developer(s) | UnionPay |
| Initial release | 11 December 2017 (2017-12-11) |
| Operating system | Android, iOS |
| Available in | Chinese, Uyghur, English, Japanese and Korean |
| License | Proprietary |
| Website | yunshanfu.unionpay.com |


title: Theodbert of Bavaria

abstract: Theodbert was the duke of Bavaria in some capacity or other from 702 to his death. He was the eldest son of Duke Theodo of Bavaria and Folchaid. He was first associated with his father as duke in 702, ruling from Salzburg. In 711, his younger brother Theobald was co-ruling as well and his father was making plans for a fourfold division of the duchy on his death. Sometime before 715, the division was given, but whether territorial or coregent is not known. If the former, the dioceses set up by Theodo probably corresponded to the duchies of his sons. In that scenario, Theodbert probably had his seat at Salzburg, as since 702. His father did have him swear to always defend Rupert of Salzburg when he transferred the government to Theodbert. Theodbert also provided military help to Ansprand and Liutprand in their reconquest of Italy in 712. After Theodo's death, the four brothers warred with each other, but all were dead by 719 save Grimoald, who thereafter ruled alone until his own death. Theodbert had married Regintrude and had a son and a daughter: Hugbert, the only grandson of Theodo II, who inherited the duchy united after Grimoald's death, and Guntrude, who married Liutprand.

text:
# Theodbert of Bavaria

**Theodbert** (also *Theodebert*, *Theudebert*, *Theotpert*, and *Theodo*) (c. 685 – c. 719) was the duke of Bavaria in some capacity or other from 702 to his death. He was the eldest son of Duke Theodo of Bavaria and Folchaid. He was first associated with his father as duke in 702, ruling from Salzburg. In 711, his younger brother Theobald was co-ruling as well and his father was making plans for a fourfold division of the duchy on his death. Sometime before 715, the division was given, but whether territorial or coregent is not known. If the former, the dioceses set up by Theodo probably corresponded to the duchies of his sons. In that scenario, Theodbert probably had his seat at Salzburg, as since 702.

His father did have him swear to always defend Rupert of Salzburg when he transferred the government to Theodbert. Theodbert also provided military help to Ansprand and Liutprand in their reconquest of Italy in 712.

After Theodo's death, the four brothers warred with each other, but all were dead by 719 save Grimoald, who thereafter ruled alone until his own death. Theodbert had married Regintrude and had a son and a daughter: Hugbert, the only grandson of Theodo II, who inherited the duchy united after Grimoald's death, and Guntrude, who married Liutprand.

## InfoBox

| Theodbert of Bavaria | |
| --- | --- |
| Duke of Bavaria | |
| Reign | c. 702-716 or 711-716 |
| Predecessor | Theodo |
| Successor | Grimoald |
|  | |
| Born | c. 685 |
| Died | c. 719 (aged 34) |
| Spouse | Regintrud |
| Issue | Hugbert and Guntrud |
| House | Agilolfings |
| Father | Theodo |
| Mother | Folchaid |


title: Toporzysko, Lesser Poland Voivodeship

abstract: Toporzysko is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jordanów, within Sucha County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) south of Jordanów, 21 km (13 mi) south-east of Sucha Beskidzka, and 49 km (30 mi) south of the regional capital Kraków.

text:
# Toporzysko, Lesser Poland Voivodeship

**Toporzysko** \[tɔpɔˈʐɨskɔ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jordanów, within Sucha County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) south of Jordanów, 21 km (13 mi) south-east of Sucha Beskidzka, and 49 km (30 mi) south of the regional capital Kraków.

## InfoBox

| Toporzysko | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Toporzysko | |
| Coordinates: 49°37′39″N 19°48′42″E / 49.62750°N 19.81167°E / 49.62750; 19.81167 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Lesser Poland |
| County | Sucha |
| Gmina | Jordanów |


title: The Case of the Screaming Bishop

abstract:
The Case of the Screaming Bishop is a 1944 American animated short film in the Phantasies series of animated cartoons produced by the Screen Gems studio for Columbia Pictures from 1939 to 1946. The film was directed by Howard Swift.
The title is a parody of the ninth Perry Mason mystery novel The Case of the Stuttering Bishop.

text:
# The Case of the Screaming Bishop

***The Case of the Screaming Bishop*** is a 1944 American animated short film in the Phantasies series of animated cartoons produced by the Screen Gems studio for Columbia Pictures from 1939 to 1946. The film was directed by Howard Swift. The title is a parody of the ninth Perry Mason mystery novel *The Case of the Stuttering Bishop*.

## Plot

A dinosaur skeleton is stolen from the "Museum of Unnatural History" so Hairlock Combs (a parody of Sherlock Holmes) and his assistant Dr. Gotsum disguise themselves as a horse and visit the scene of the crime. It is ultimately revealed that the thief is a concert xylophonist who is obsessed with using the skeleton as his instrument. Throughout the film, he repeats the phrase, "The best bones of all go to Symphony Hall!"

## Cast

* John McLeish as Hairlock Combs, Dr. Gotsum, "X", Museum Guard, Policeman (voice, uncredited)

## InfoBox

| The Case of the Screaming Bishop | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Howard Swift |
| Story by | John McLeish |
| Produced by | Henry Binder (uncredited) |
| Starring | John McLeish |
| Music by | Eddie Kilfeather |
| Distributed by | Columbia Pictures |
| Release date | * August 4, 1944 (1944-08-04) |
| Running time | 7 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: Osteochilus

abstract: Osteochilus is a genus of cyprinid fishes mainly found in Southeast Asia with a few extending into adjacent parts of China. Additionally, two species are endemic to the Western Ghats in India.

text:
# Osteochilus

***Osteochilus*** is a genus of cyprinid fishes mainly found in Southeast Asia with a few extending into adjacent parts of China. Additionally, two species (*O. longidorsalis* and *O. nashii*) are endemic to the Western Ghats in India.

## Species

There are currently 35 recognized species in this genus:

## InfoBox

| *Osteochilus* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Osteochilus melanopleura* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Cypriniformes |
| Family: | Cyprinidae |
| Subfamily: | Labeoninae |
| Genus: | *Osteochilus*<br>Günther, 1868 |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Osteocheilus* (misspelling) | |


title: Ostrelj, Montenegro

abstract: Ostrelj is a village in the municipality of Bijelo Polje, Montenegro.

text:
# Ostrelj, Montenegro

**Ostrelj** (Serbian Cyrillic: Острељ) is a village in the municipality of Bijelo Polje, Montenegro.

## Demographics

According to the 2003 census, the village had a population of 364 people.

According to the 2011 census, its population was 107.

Ethnicity in 2011
| Ethnicity | Number | Percentage |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Serbs | 91 | 85.0% |
| Montenegrins | 14 | 13.1% |
| other/undeclared | 2 | 1.9% |
| **Total** | **107** | **100%** |

## InfoBox

| Ostrelj Острељ | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| OstreljLocation within Montenegro | |
| Coordinates: 42°58′18″N 19°44′35″E / 42.971540°N 19.742926°E / 42.971540; 19.742926 | |
| Country | Montenegro |
| Municipality | Bijelo Polje |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 107 |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: Ostreichnion

abstract: Ostreichnion is a genus of fungi in the family Mytilinidiaceae.

text:
# Ostreichnion

***Ostreichnion*** is a genus of fungi in the family Mytilinidiaceae.

## InfoBox

| *Ostreichnion* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Dothideomycetes |
| Subclass: | Pleosporomycetidae |
| Order: | Mytilinidiales |
| Family: | Mytilinidiaceae |
| Genus: | ***Ostreichnion***
Duby |
|
| Type species | |
| *Ostreichnion americanum*
Duby | |