title: Tygerberg

abstract: Tygerberg is a district in the northern suburbs of Cape Town in South Africa. It is also the name of the range of hills in the area. The main Tygerberg farms were Pampoenkraal, Stellenburgh, Evertsdal, De Grendel, Lebenstijn, Blommensteijn, Door de Kraal, Vissershok and Clara Anna Fontein. It also contains the Tygerberg Nature Reserve. Tygerberg is host to the Tygerberg Hospital. The hospital is the centre for the Medicine and Health Sciences faculty of Stellenbosch University. The Parow satellite campus of the German International School Cape Town, in proximity to Tygerberg, serves German-speaking students up to grade 4.

text:
# Tygerberg

**Tygerberg** is a district in the northern suburbs of Cape Town in South Africa. It is also the name of the range of hills in the area. The main Tygerberg farms were Pampoenkraal (became Durbanville), Stellenburgh (became part of Bellville), Evertsdal (became part of Bellville), De Grendel (today Parow), Lebenstijn (part of Bellville), Blommensteijn (incorporated into Bellville), Door de Kraal (incorporated into Bellville), Vissershok (which has no more farming as it became a quarry with mining activities) and Clara Anna Fontein. It also contains the Tygerberg Nature Reserve.

Tygerberg is host to the Tygerberg Hospital. The hospital is the centre for the Medicine and Health Sciences faculty of Stellenbosch University. (Afrikaans: Universiteit Stellenbosch)

The Parow satellite campus of the German International School Cape Town, in proximity to Tygerberg, serves German-speaking students up to grade 4.

## InfoBox

| Tygerberg | |
| --- | --- |
| Aerial view of Tygerberg Nature Reserve in the southernmost Tierberg. The Plattekloof and Welgemoed (above) suburbs flank the mountain, while the N1 highway skirts its southern limit. | |
| TygerbergTygerberg | |
| Coordinates: 33°51′16″S 18°35′3″E / 33.85444°S 18.58417°E / -33.85444; 18.58417 | |
| Country | South Africa |
| Province | Western Cape |
| Municipality | City of Cape Town |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (SAST) |
| PO box | 7505 |


title: Notosetia

abstract: Notosetia is a genus of minute sea snails or micromolluscs, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Turbinidae.

text:
# Notosetia

***Notosetia*** is a genus of minute sea snails or micromolluscs, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Turbinidae.

## Species

Species brought into synonymy  * Powell A. W. B., *New Zealand Mollusca*, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979 ISBN 0-00-216906-1
* ZipCodeZoo
* Tepapa
* Rolán E. & Ryall P. (2000). *A new species of the genus Notosetia (Molluscs, Skeneidae) from Ghana*. Argonauta 14(2): 39-41.
* Ponder W. F. (1985). *A review of the Genera of the Rissoidae (Mollusca: Mesogastropoda: Rissoacea).* Records of the Australian Museum supplement 4: 1-221, available online at http://australianmuseum.net.au/journal/Ponder-1985-Rec-Aust-Mus-Suppl-4-1221/ page(s): 100

## InfoBox

| *Notosetia* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| (unranked): | clade Vetigastropoda |
| Superfamily: | Seguenzioidea |
| Family: | (unassigned) |
| Genus: | ***Notosetia***
Iredale, 1915 |
|
| Type species | |
| *Barleeia neozelanica* Suter, 1908
 | |
| Species | |
| *See text* | |


title: Villiappally

abstract: Villiappally is a census town in Kozhikode district in the Indian state of Kerala. Villiappally is the headquarters of Villiappally Panchayath, which contains two villages, Memunda and Villiappally. There is a Vocational Higher Secondary School in this village.The name "villiyapalli" came from "valiya palli(Big mosque)"in Malayalam language turns to name of the city which was built by late Jawa Ahmmed Haji.

text:
# Villiappally

**Villiappally** is a census town in Kozhikode district in the Indian state of Kerala. Villiappally is the headquarters of Villiappally Panchayath, which contains two villages, Memunda and Villiappally. There is a Vocational Higher Secondary School in this village.The name "villiyapalli" came from "valiya palli(Big mosque)"in Malayalam language turns to name of the city which was built by late Jawa Ahmmed Haji.

## Transportation

Villiappally village connects to other parts of India through Vatakara city on the west and Kuttiady town on the east. National highway No.66 passes through Vatakara and the northern stretch connects to Mangalore, Goa and Mumbai. The southern stretch connects to Cochin and Trivandrum. The eastern Highway going through Kuttiady connects to Mananthavady, Mysore and Bangalore. The nearest airports are at Kannur and Kozhikode. The nearest railway station is at Vatakara.

## Demographics

As of 2001 Indian census, Villiappally had a population of 31,763. Males constitute 48% of the population and females 52%. Villiappally has an average literacy rate of 81%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 85%, and female literacy is 78%. In Villiappally, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age.

## Educational institutions

* Muslim Jama’ath(EMJAY) Vocational Higher Secondary School
* Govt. Higher Secondary School (GHSS) Chorod
* Memunda Higher secondary school
* MES college

## InfoBox

| Villiappally | |
| --- | --- |
| village | |
| VilliappallyLocation in Kerala, IndiaVilliappallyVilliappally (India) | |
| Coordinates: 11°37′32″N 75°37′46″E / 11.62556°N 75.62944°E / 11.62556; 75.62944 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Kerala |
| District | Kozhikode |
| Government | |
| Type | Panchayati raj (India) |
| Body | Gram panchayat |
| Population (2001) | |
| Total | 31,763 |
| Languages | |
| Official | Malayalam, English |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 673542 |
| Telephone code | 496253 |
| Vehicle registration | KL 18 |


title: Sotterley (Hollywood, Maryland)

abstract: Sotterley Plantation is a historic landmark plantation house located at 44300 Sotterley Lane in Hollywood, St. Mary's County, Maryland, USA. It is a long 1+1⁄2-story, nine-bay frame building, covered with wide, beaded clapboard siding and wood shingle roof, overlooking the Patuxent River. Also on the property are a sawn-log slave quarters of c. 1830, an 18th-century brick warehouse, and an early-19th-century brick meat house. Farm buildings include an early-19th-century corn crib and an array of barns and work buildings from the early 20th century. Opened to the public in 1961, it was once the home of George Plater (1735–1792), the sixth Governor of Maryland, and Herbert L. Satterlee (1863–1947), a New York business lawyer and son-in-law of J.P. Morgan. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972. Sotterley was declared a National Historic Landmark in 2000, its national significance due to the extremely rare surviving elements of the main house's oldest phase, a c. 1717 post in ground structure, and the other elements of its later historical architecture and landscape.

text:
# Sotterley (Hollywood, Maryland)

**Sotterley Plantation** is a historic landmark plantation house located at 44300 Sotterley Lane in Hollywood, St. Mary's County, Maryland, USA. It is a long 1+12-story, nine-bay frame building, covered with wide, beaded clapboard siding and wood shingle roof, overlooking the Patuxent River. Also on the property are a sawn-log slave quarters of c. 1830, an 18th-century brick warehouse, and an early-19th-century brick meat house. Farm buildings include an early-19th-century corn crib and an array of barns and work buildings from the early 20th century. Opened to the public in 1961, it was once the home of George Plater (1735–1792), the sixth Governor of Maryland, and Herbert L. Satterlee (1863–1947), a New York business lawyer and son-in-law of J.P. Morgan.

The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972. Sotterley was declared a National Historic Landmark in 2000, its national significance due to the extremely rare surviving elements of the main house's oldest phase, a c. 1717 post in ground structure, and the other elements of its later historical architecture and landscape.

## Sotterley Plantation

Sotterley Plantation is the only Tidewater plantation in Maryland open to the public that offers visitor activities and educational programs. Visitors can tour the early 18th-century mansion, an original slave cabin, a customs warehouse, smokehouse, necessary and corn crib, as well as a formal Colonial Revival garden. The property comprises 95 acres (380,000 m2) of rolling fields, gardens, and riverfront.

## History

Julius Clifton Callis was the dockmaster for Sotterly Wharf. He was born in 1882. Several of his brothers occasionally worked at the wharf and his brother Noah moved into the wharf house as caretaker after Julius died in 1938.

Laura Virginia Callis attended Sotterley School. This class picture was taken there about 1918. Laura Virginia Callis stands second from the left in the second row. She was the daughter of Julius Clifton Callis and Laura Callis. The school closed by 1922.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Sotterley Plantation | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| U.S. National Historic Landmark | |
|  | |
| Sotterly Plantation, July 2009 | |
|  | |
| Location | 44300 Sotterley Lane, Hollywood, Maryland, 20636 |
| Coordinates | 38°22′47″N 76°32′20″W / 38.37972°N 76.53889°W / 38.37972; -76.53889 |
| Area | 360.8 acres (146.0 ha) |
| Built | 1703 |
| NRHP reference No. | 72001487 |
| Designated NHL | February 16, 2000 |


title: Leonora, Western Australia

abstract: Leonora is a town in the Goldfields-Esperance region of Western Australia, located 833 kilometres (518 mi) northeast of the state capital, Perth, and 237 kilometres (147 mi) north of the city of Kalgoorlie.

text:
# Leonora, Western Australia

**Leonora** is a town in the Goldfields-Esperance region of Western Australia, located 833 kilometres (518 mi) northeast of the state capital, Perth, and 237 kilometres (147 mi) north of the city of Kalgoorlie.

## History

The first European explorer to visit the area was John Forrest in 1869. On 21 June 1869 Forrest's party made camp near a conspicuous hill, which Forrest named Mount Leonora, after his six-year-old niece Frances (Fanny) Leonora Hardey. In 1895, gold was discovered in the area by prospector Edward "Doodah" Sullivan at the Johannesburg lease just north of the current townsite. In the following two years a number of rich finds resulted in rapid development of the area. The Sons of Gwalia gold mine brought Leonora to the attention of the world. By 1897 a residential and business area had been established, and the town was gazetted as Leonora.

Leonora is the terminus of the Kalgoorlie to Leonora railway line, which opened in 1903.

Leonora had a single track passenger tramway linking the town and nearby Gwalia, from 1901 to 1921. Initially steam driven, the service was electric from November 1908, and petrol powered from 1915.

A reverse osmosis desalination treatment plant was opened in October 2005 to improve the quality of the town's water supply from the Station Creek wellfield by reducing the naturally occurring high levels of salinity, nitrate and hardness. It was designed to supply 2.5 million litres (660 thousand US gallons) of treated water per day.

In 2010, the Rudd government relocated asylum seekers from Christmas Island to the "Leonora Alternative Place of Detention", an immigration detention centre, previously used as a mine workers hostel, in Leonora. The Abbott government closed the facility in February 2014.

## Economy

Leonora is primarily a mining town. There are a number of major gold mines in the shire, as well as the Murrin Murin laterite nickel project. The area supports a significant pastoral industry.

## Demographics

At the 2016 census, Leonora had a population of 556, 27.6% of whom were of Aboriginal descent.

## Climate

The area has an arid climate (*BWh*), with very hot summers and cool winters. Frost may occur occasionally on some winter mornings. Rainfall is very sparse.

| Climate data for Leonora | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 49.0
(120.2) | 46.7
(116.1) | 45.2
(113.4) | 41.7
(107.1) | 35.6
(96.1) | 30.2
(86.4) | 28.9
(84.0) | 33.0
(91.4) | 37.7
(99.9) | 40.8
(105.4) | 44.4
(111.9) | 47.8
(118.0) | 49.0
(120.2) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 37.0
(98.6) | 35.3
(95.5) | 32.6
(90.7) | 27.9
(82.2) | 22.8
(73.0) | 19.0
(66.2) | 18.4
(65.1) | 20.7
(69.3) | 24.9
(76.8) | 28.9
(84.0) | 32.3
(90.1) | 35.3
(95.5) | 27.9
(82.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 21.8
(71.2) | 20.9
(69.6) | 18.6
(65.5) | 14.8
(58.6) | 10.2
(50.4) | 7.3
(45.1) | 6.1
(43.0) | 7.0
(44.6) | 10.0
(50.0) | 13.7
(56.7) | 17.0
(62.6) | 20.0
(68.0) | 14.0
(57.2) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 12.6
(54.7) | 10.6
(51.1) | 8.4
(47.1) | 3.1
(37.6) | 0.7
(33.3) | −2.8
(27.0) | −1.7
(28.9) | 0.3
(32.5) | 1.8
(35.2) | 3.6
(38.5) | 4.0
(39.2) | 9.5
(49.1) | −2.8
(27.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 26.3
(1.04) | 31.2
(1.23) | 29.0
(1.14) | 20.4
(0.80) | 23.9
(0.94) | 25.0
(0.98) | 18.8
(0.74) | 15.9
(0.63) | 9.0
(0.35) | 9.5
(0.37) | 12.4
(0.49) | 16.8
(0.66) | 236.4
(9.31) |
| Average precipitation days | 3.4 | 3.6 | 3.9 | 3.5 | 4.3 | 5.4 | 5.2 | 3.9 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.9 | 3.2 | 44.4 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 21 | 27 | 28 | 34 | 39 | 45 | 43 | 36 | 28 | 22 | 21 | 20 | 30 |
| Source: | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

Media related to Leonora, Western Australia at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Leonora
Western Australia | |
| --- | --- |
| Tower Street, Leonora | |
| Leonora | |
|  | |
| Coordinates | 28°53′04″S 121°19′51″E / 28.884498°S 121.330812°E / -28.884498; 121.330812 (Leonora) |
| Population | 567 (UCL 2021) |
| Established | 1897 |
| Postcode(s) | 6438 |
| Elevation | 376 m (1,234 ft) |
| Area | 11,072.4 km2 (4,275.1 sq mi) |
| Location |  |
| LGA(s) | Shire of Leonora |
| State electorate(s) | Kalgoorlie |
| Federal division(s) | O'Connor |
| **Mean max temp** **Mean min temp** **Annual rainfall**  27.9 °C
82 °F 13.9 °C
57 °F 234.5 mm
9.2 in | |


abstract: The Greek Princess and the Young Gardener is an Irish fairy tale collected by Patrick Kennedy in Fireside Stories of Ireland. Joseph Jacobs included it in More Celtic Fairy Tales. The tale is similar to Aarne-Thompson's type 550, "the quest for the golden bird/firebird", the Scottish How Ian Direach got the Blue Falcon and the German The Golden Bird. Other fairy tales of this type include The Bird 'Grip', Tsarevitch Ivan, the Fire Bird and the Gray Wolf, and The Nunda, Eater of People.

text:
# The Greek Princess and the Young Gardener

**The Greek Princess and the Young Gardener** is an Irish fairy tale collected by Patrick Kennedy in *Fireside Stories of Ireland*. Joseph Jacobs included it in *More Celtic Fairy Tales*.

The tale is similar to Aarne-Thompson's type 550, "the quest for the golden bird/firebird", the Scottish *How Ian Direach got the Blue Falcon* and the German *The Golden Bird* . Other fairy tales of this type include *The Bird 'Grip'*, *Tsarevitch Ivan, the Fire Bird and the Gray Wolf*, and *The Nunda, Eater of People*.

## Synopsis

A king with one daughter grew old and sick, but the doctors found that the best medicine for him were apples from his own orchard. One night, he saw a bird stealing them. He blamed the gardener for neglecting the orchard, and the gardener promised that his sons, the land's best archers, would stop the thieving bird. The first night the oldest son came to the garden, but fell asleep; the king saw him and the thieving bird again, and though he shouted, the boy did not wake quickly enough. The same thing happened with the second son. But on the third night, the youngest son stayed awake and shot off a feather, thus frightening the bird away.

The king admired the feather greatly and said his daughter would marry whoever brought him the bird. The gardener's oldest son set out to do it. When a fox came to beg some of his lunch, the son shot an arrow at him. There were two inns, one merry, and one quiet in which to stay and when the oldest son found the inns, he chose the merrier one, and never came out again. Soon after, the second son set out, and ended up the same.

Finally, the youngest set out. He shared his lunch with the fox and out of respect, the fox warned him against a merry inn with dancing, and to stay in a quiet inn. The youngest followed the fox's advice and stayed in the quiet inn. The next day, the fox told him the bird was at the castle of the King of Spain and carried him there. Then it said that he could go in and carry out the bird and its cage. He went in, but he saw three golden apples with the bird, and a golden cage. He went to put the bird in the golden cage, and it awoke, and the boy was captured. The king gave him one chance to save his life: to steal the King of Morocco's bay filly.

The son came out, the fox carried him to that castle, and warned him to not let the horse touch anything except the ground. He went in and saw a golden saddle. When he put it on the filly, it squealed and again he was caught. The king told him he could have his life and the filly if he brought him Princess Golden Locks, the daughter of the Greek King.

The fox carried him to that castle and warned him how to answer when asked a favor. He found the princess and woke her, asking her to let him take her with her, and promising to free her from the King of Morocco. She asked to say goodbye to her father; he refused; she asked to kiss him instead, and the boy agreed, but that awoke the king. He said that if the boy removed a great heap of clay, enchanted so that for every shovel thrown away, two came back, he would believe that he could keep her from the king. The boy tried, but the heap grew larger. The fox told him to eat and rest. He confessed to the king and princess his failure, and the princess hoped he did not fail. The king let him take her, though he lamented being alone, as the princess's brother was kept captive by a witch.

The fox carried them to the King of Morocco, and the boy asked to shake hands with the princess before he left. When the king agreed, he carried her off on the bay filly. Then he brought the bay filly to the King of Spain, leaving the princess with the fox, but when the king gave him the bird and the golden apples, he stroked the horse as a fine beast, and when he was done, he rode away with both the horse and the bird.

They rescued his brothers, who were begging, and the fox asked the boy to cut off his head and tail. The boy could not do it, but his oldest brother did it for him, and the fox became the prince, the princess's brother. He married the king's daughter, and the gardener's son married his sister.

## Analysis

### Tale type

The is classified in the international Aarne-Thompson-Uther Index as tale type ATU 550, "Bird, Horse and Princess" (previously, "The Quest for the Golden Bird").

Folklorist Joseph Jacobs noted in his notes that the story was "clearly that of the Grimms' *Golden Bird*", and suggested as an early parallel the Arthurian romance of *Walewein*.

### Combinations

Irish scholarship points out that type ATU 550, "Bird, Horse and Princess", appears combined with tale type ATU 329, "Hiding from the Princess", in Irish tradition.

## Variants

In an Irish tale published by Jeremiah Curtin with the title *The Bird of the Golden Land*, the king sets his sons on the quest for the titular bird, and whoever brings it with him shall have the crown. The three brothers arrive at a house of an old man, who gives a sledge to the oldest prince, a rope to the second and a cradle to the youngest. He also directs them to a secret underground passage that leads to the Golden Land. The youngest descends on the cradle and arrives at the hut of an old woman, who seems to know the reason for his quest. She directs him to a stable, where he finds a mare that can take him across seas and to the King of the Golden Land. After he meets the King, His Majesty proposes a challenge: the king will hide three times in different locations, and thrice the prince must find him (which he does, by accident). Secondly, the prince must hide and the king must look for him (which the prince accomplishes with the help of the mare). After the youngest prince returns with the Bird of the Golden Land to the hut of the old woman, she reveals she is a queen, the mare is another queen and the Bird itself is a third queen.

## Footnotes

1. Kennedy, Patrick (1870). *The Fireside Stories of Ireland*. M'Glashan and Gill.
2. Joseph Jacobs, *More Celtic Fairy Tales*, "The Greek Princess and the Young Gardener" Archived 2020-05-02 at the Wayback Machine
3. Jacobs, Joseph (1894). *More Celtic Fairy Tales*. D. Nutt.
4. Heidi Anne Heiner,"Tales Similar to the Firebird Archived 2009-02-05 at the Wayback Machine"
5. Thompson, Stith (1977). *The Folktale*. University of California Press. p. 107.
6. Aarne, Antti; Thompson, Stith. *The types of the folktale: a classification and bibliography*. Folklore Fellows Communications FFC no. 184. Helsinki: Academia Scientiarum Fennica, 1961. pp. 195–196.
7. Uther, Hans-Jörg (2004). *The Types of International Folktales: A Classification and Bibliography, Based on the System of Antti Aarne and Stith Thompson*. Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia, Academia Scientiarum Fennica. p. 319. ISBN 978-951-41-0963-8.
8. Ashliman, D. L. *A Guide to Folktales in the English Language: Based on the Aarne-Thompson Classification System*. Bibliographies and Indexes in World Literature, vol. 11. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1987. pp. 118–119. ISBN 0-313-25961-5.
9. Jacobs, Joseph. *More Celtic Fairy Tales*. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. 1895. p. 229.
10. *Irish Folktales*. ed. Henry Glassie. New York: Pantheon Books, 1985. p. 350. ISBN 9780307828248.
11. Curtin, Jeremiah (1941). "The Bird of the Golden Land". *Béaloideas*. **11** (1/2): 14–24. doi:10.2307/20642560. JSTOR 20642560. Accessed April 1, 2021.

## InfoBox

| The Greek Princess and the Young Gardener | |
| --- | --- |
| The golden bird steals the apples under the gardener's son's watch. Frontispice illustration of *More Celtic Fairy Tales* by John D. Batten (1895). | |
| Folk tale | |
| Name | The Greek Princess and the Young Gardener |
| Aarne–Thompson grouping | ATU 550 (The Quest for the Golden Bird; The Quest for the Firebird; Bird, Horse and Princess) |
| Region | Ireland |
| Published in | * *Fireside Stories of Ireland* by Patrick Kennedy (1870) * *More Celtic Fairy Tales* by Joseph Jacobs (1895) |
| Related | The Bird 'Grip'; The Golden Bird; Tsarevitch Ivan, the Fire Bird and the Gray Wolf; How Ian Direach got the Blue Falcon; The Nunda, Eater of People |


title: MMCache

abstract: MMCache, also known as Turck MMCache, is a PHP accelerator, or an extension to PHP meant to improve performance. It is structured as a simple proxy server between the web server and the web browser. Its most important feature is using memcached for caching the data in memory. MMCache is free software released under the GNU GPL 2.0. The key identifying the given site is designated from the URL, so if, for example, there is a session defined within the URL, then the proxy will not work effectively. A newer version of MMCache, MMCache-LB, has an option to connect more web servers behind the proxy, with load balancing between them. Development work on MMCache was discontinued in 2009, and the code was forked into the eAccelerator application.

text:
# MMCache

**MMCache**, also known as **Turck MMCache**, is a PHP accelerator, or an extension to PHP meant to improve performance. It is structured as a simple proxy server between the web server and the web browser. Its most important feature is using memcached for caching the data in memory. MMCache is free software released under the GNU GPL 2.0. The key identifying the given site is designated from the URL, so if, for example, there is a session defined within the URL, then the proxy will not work effectively.

A newer version of MMCache, MMCache-LB, has an option to connect more web servers behind the proxy, with load balancing between them.

Development work on MMCache was discontinued in 2009, and the code was forked into the eAccelerator application.


title: Nils Rygaard

abstract: Nils Rygaard is a Swedish ice hockey player. He is currently playing with the Janesville Jets of the North American Hockey League (NAHL). Rygaard made his debut with Linköpings HC during the 2013 European Trophy.

text:
# Nils Rygaard

**Nils Rygaard** (born April 11, 1995) is a Swedish ice hockey player. He is currently playing with the Janesville Jets of the North American Hockey League (NAHL).

Rygaard made his debut with Linköpings HC during the 2013 European Trophy.

## InfoBox

| Nils Rygaard | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Born | (1995-04-11) April 11, 1995<br>Sweden | | |
| Height | 5 ft 10 in (178 cm) | | |
| Weight | 168 lb (76 kg; 12 st 0 lb) | | |
| Position | Forward | | |
| Shoots | Left | | |
| SHL team | *Linköpings HC* | | |
| Playing career | 2013present | | |


title: Sotterley Park

abstract: Sotterley Park is a 123.2-hectare (304-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest in Sotterley in Suffolk. It is a Nature Conservation Review site, Grade I. This park was laid out in the eighteenth century, but it goes back at least to the early medieval period, and may retain areas of primary forest. It has many large and ancient trees, which have the richest epiphytic lichen flora in East Anglia, with 92 recorded species. There are also 14 species of bryophytes. The park is private land, but there is access to footpaths.

text:
# Sotterley Park

**Sotterley Park** is a 123.2-hectare (304-acre) biological Site of Special Scientific Interest in Sotterley in Suffolk. It is a Nature Conservation Review site, Grade I.

This park was laid out in the eighteenth century, but it goes back at least to the early medieval period, and may retain areas of primary forest. It has many large and ancient trees, which have the richest epiphytic lichen flora in East Anglia, with 92 recorded species. There are also 14 species of bryophytes.

The park is private land, but there is access to footpaths.

52°25′N 1°37′E / 52.41°N 1.62°E / 52.41; 1.62

## InfoBox

Sotterley Park
| Site of Special Scientific Interest | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Location | Suffolk |
| Grid reference | TM 460 852 |
| Interest | Biological |
| Area | 123.2 hectares |
| Notification | 1985 |
| Location map | *Magic Map* |


title: Leonie Hiscutt

abstract: Leonie Anne Hiscutt is an Australian politician, who has been a member of the Tasmanian Legislative Council for the division of Montgomery since 2013. Hiscutt was a farmer and businesswoman prior to entering Parliament. She grew up in Elliott and currently lives in Howth. Her husband's uncles, Des Hiscutt and Hugh Hiscutt were both previously members of the Tasmanian parliament. Following the resignation of Vanessa Goodwin in 2017 for health reasons, Hiscutt was appointed as the Leader of the Government in the Tasmanian Legislative Council. In May 2024, Hiscutt announced she will not recontest the 2025 Division of Montgomery election, and she won't contest Liberal preselection.

text:
# Leonie Hiscutt

**Leonie Anne Hiscutt** (born 14 January 1959) is an Australian politician, who has been a member of the Tasmanian Legislative Council for the division of Montgomery since 2013.

Hiscutt was a farmer and businesswoman prior to entering Parliament. She grew up in Elliott (near Yolla) and currently lives in Howth (near Penguin). Her husband's uncles, Des Hiscutt and Hugh Hiscutt were both previously members of the Tasmanian parliament.

Following the resignation of Vanessa Goodwin in 2017 for health reasons, Hiscutt was appointed as the Leader of the Government in the Tasmanian Legislative Council.

In May 2024, Hiscutt announced she will not recontest the 2025 Division of Montgomery election, and she won't contest Liberal preselection.

## InfoBox

| The HonourableLeonie HiscuttMLC | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Leader of the Government in the Tasmanian Legislative Council | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
30 March 2017 | |
| Premier | Will Hodgman
Peter Gutwein
Jeremy Rockliff |
| Deputy | Jo Palmer |
| Preceded by | Vanessa Goodwin |
| Member of the Tasmanian Legislative Council for Montgomery | |
| **In office**
6 May 2013  2025 | |
| Preceded by | Sue Smith |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1959-01-14) 14 January 1959
Elliott, Tasmania, Australia |
| Political party | Liberal Party |
|  | |


title: The Hangovers (Cornell University)

abstract: The Hangovers are a men's collegiate a cappella ensemble based at Cornell University. Founded in 1968, they are the oldest active a cappella group on campus and are the official a cappella subset of the Cornell University Glee Club, itself the oldest student organization of any kind at Cornell University. The Hangovers' repertoire consists mainly of popular songs arranged for the ensemble by its members and alumni, but the group also performs traditional Cornell songs, as well as selections from the Glee Club repertoire on occasion. The Hangovers have competed in international competitions such as the International Championship of Collegiate A Cappella, advancing to the semifinals in 2001. The Hangovers can be heard on the PBS American Experience documentary "Rescue at Sea." The Hangovers have performed for Helmut Schmidt, the widow of Anwar Sadat, Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, Gerald Ford, Henry Kissinger, Cornell alumna Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Ladysmith Black Mambazo, and other notables.

text:
# The Hangovers (Cornell University)

**The Hangovers** are a men's collegiate a cappella ensemble based at Cornell University. Founded in 1968, they are the oldest active *a cappella* group on campus and are the official *a cappella* subset of the Cornell University Glee Club, itself the oldest student organization of any kind at Cornell University. The Hangovers' repertoire consists mainly of popular songs arranged for the ensemble by its members and alumni, but the group also performs traditional Cornell songs, as well as selections from the Glee Club repertoire on occasion.

The Hangovers have competed in international competitions such as the International Championship of Collegiate A Cappella, advancing to the semifinals in 2001. The Hangovers can be heard on the PBS American Experience documentary "Rescue at Sea." The Hangovers have performed for Helmut Schmidt, the widow of Anwar Sadat, Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, Gerald Ford, Henry Kissinger, Cornell alumna Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Ladysmith Black Mambazo, and other notables.

## History

The group's name is taken from the name that was given to fifth-year students in Cornell's five-year architecture and engineering programs of the 1960s. After their fourth (senior) year, students in these programs had to *hang over* an additional year to complete their degrees. Several of the group's original members were "hangovers" in this sense at the time of the group's formation, hence the name. The double entendre of the more widely accepted meaning of the word is intentional, and is a theme carried on in the titles of the ensemble's concerts and albums.

The Hangovers, at 56 years old, are the oldest active a cappella ensemble at Cornell University. The previous holders of that distinction, the Cayuga's Waiters, split from the Cornell University Glee Club in 1956 and existed as an independent ensemble until their dissolution in 2017.

## Concerts

The Hangovers have two major on-campus concerts every year, one in the Fall semester and one in late in the Spring semester. The Fall concert is named Fall Tonic, a title resurrected in and used since 1980 in homage to the Sherwoods, who preceded the Hangovers as a Glee Club subset and had an annual autumn concert of the same title. The first guest groups at the 1980 Fall Tonic were Yale's Proof in the Pudding, University of Rochester's Yellowjackets, and Cornell's Nothing But Treble.

The Hangovers' Spring concert, in keeping with their penchant with alcoholic double entendres, is called Happy Hour. The first Happy Hour was held in Barnes Hall in the early spring of 1993. Happy Hour II, and every Happy Hour since, has been held in Sage Chapel (due to its increased seating capacity and it being home to many Cornell University Glee Club events). Happy Hour II was also the first to be held the night before Slope Day (as a "kick-off" event).

## Recordings

The Hangovers have released numerous albums over the years, the titles of which are all puns on drinking, or drinking-related themes. As Michael Slon points out in his book Songs From The Hill, one album, *Behind Bars*, manages to achieve a quadruple-entendre: first, for the normal meaning of the phrase, meaning "incarcerated"; second, the reference to bars as drinking establishments; third, an allusion to bars as a period of music, and finally, as a reference to the striped rugby shirts the Hangovers wear at some performances. In 1980, their original single titled "Facetime" received national recognition and earned mention in Yale's "Guide to Selective Colleges." The song was recently re-recorded on the album "Blackout" with another original song, "River to the Sea".

The Hangovers have released sixteen albums and one EP:

* *The Hangovers* (1970; re-released in 2001 on CD)
* *Slightly Sober* (1979)
* *Facetime* (1981)
* *Hangin' Out* (1984)
* *Cheers* (1986)
* *Behind Bars* (1989)
* *On The Rocks* (1994)
* *Moonshine* (1996)
* *Spirits* (1999)
* *Shot In The Dark* (2001)
* *Vintage* (2004)
* *Blackout* (2005)
* *Three Sheets to the Wind* (2008)
* *Final Draught* (2013)
* *A Flight (EP)* (2015)
* *Open 5th* (2018)
* *Speak Easy* (2024)

*Three Sheets to the Wind* received four award nominations for the 2009 Contemporary A Cappella Recording Awards: Best Male Collegiate Album, Best Humor Song ("You Got a 'C' "), Best Male Collegiate Solo (Evan Graham for "Ignition (Remix)"), and Best Hip-Hop/R&B Song ("Ignition (Remix)"). "Ignition (Remix)" was also featured on the 2009 Best of College A Cappella compilation album.

## Other performances and tours

Independently of the Cornell University Glee Club, the Hangovers have performed extensively with other collegiate a cappella groups, primarily in the Eastern United States. The ensemble has gone on numerous domestic and international tours, traveling to Germany with the Glee Club in 1970, and making their first solo tour to Bermuda in 1971.

On a 1995 tour to Japan, the Hangovers received attention by donating half of their tour profits to the Kobe Earthquake Relief Fund; on a subsequent tour to Japan and Korea in the spring of 1998, they performed on Inter-FM, a Western-music radio station, in addition to other performances at such venues as the Tokyo-American Club, the United States naval base in Atsugi, Seoul National University, Ewha University and concluded the tour at the Seoul National Arts Center as a guest group for the Seoul National Orchestra.

The Hangovers have also toured Antigua, Jamaica, Switzerland, Italy, Belgium, Germany, Holland, and France; the 2003 tour through Europe had corporate sponsorship. In March 2004, they were shown performing on the Brazilian national evening news, Jornal Nacional. In January 2006, the Hangovers performed to a sold-out audience at the French embassy in Washington, D.C. The Hangovers toured Spain in Spring 2019, including stops in Madrid and Barcelona. The group's most recent international tour brought them to London and Paris in January of 2023.

## Alumni

The Hangovers have an active network of alumni, who return to Cornell in large numbers for Fall Tonic and also join the current members to sing at the Treman Concert every year during Cornell's Reunions Weekend. Alumni include such notables as Alan Keyes, Dave Ross and Michael B. Polk. Numerous alumni are also involved in post-collegiate a cappella projects. Notable among these are members of the Tone Rangers, a Washington, D.C.-based a cappella group composed almost entirely of Hangovers and Yale University Whiffenpoofs alumni, and The Breakers, a group of former Hangovers who recently toured Malaysia.

1. Summary of the Hangovers' connection with the Cornell University Glee Club Archived 2009-01-07 at the Wayback Machine at the Glee Club's web site.
2. Hangovers Perform Across Europe Archived 2012-02-05 at the Wayback Machine, The Cornell Daily Sun, 8/26/2002.
3. "Keeping Cornell's Traditions Alive," Archived 2012-02-05 at the Wayback Machine *The Cornell Daily Sun*, 10/14/2003.
4. Hangovers' Frequently Asked Questions page Archived 2006-12-12 at the Wayback Machine at hangovers.com
5. The Hangovers credited for performing on PBS' *American Experience: Rescue At Sea* performing "Jack Binns", a song written by a member of the Hangovers and recorded for the show.
6. A brief history of the Hangovers Archived 2006-11-13 at the Wayback Machine, from hangovers.com
7. "Drunk With Talent: This Saturday you'll have a most pleasant hangover" Archived 2011-06-07 at the Wayback Machine, *The Cornell Daily Sun*, November 15, 2000.
8. The 25 Most Influential Archived 2011-06-07 at the Wayback Machine, *The Cornell Daily Sun*, 11/29/2000. The article discusses the endeavors of Sam Bradford '02, then-president of the Hangovers.
9. The Hangovers Recordings page Archived 2006-12-12 at the Wayback Machine at hangovers.com
10. The Recorded A Cappella Review Board review of the Hangovers album *Blackout*
11. "Cayuga's Waiters Permanently Dismissed from Campus". *The Cornell Daily Sun*. 2017-04-25. Retrieved 2017-04-26.
12. Slon, Michael (1998). *Songs From the Hill*. Cornell University Glee Club.
13. Contemporary A Cappella Society, "2009 Contemporary A Cappella Recording Award Nominees." Last accessed February 1, 2009.
14. Varsity Voals, "Best of College A Cappella." Last accessed February 1, 2009.
15. "Gleeful Hangovers", *The Daily Yomiuri*, March 12, 1995.
16. Glee Club's a cappella Hangovers touring Japan and South Korea, The Cornell Chronicle, 3/19/1998
17. The Hangovers' tour log Archived 2007-09-28 at the Wayback Machine at hangovers.com, chronicling recent European tours
18. Cornell Club of Washington (January 7, 2006), *Cornell Glee Club and Hangovers at the French Embassy*
19. ""The Cornell University Hangovers"". *British Council*.
20. Announcement of the Treman Concert, performed annually at the Cornell Plantations.

## InfoBox

| The Hangovers | |
| --- | --- |
| Origin | Cornell University in Ithaca, New York |
| Genres | Collegiate a cappella |
| Years active | 1968–present |
|  | |
| Website | www.hangovers.com |


title: 10th Avenue Bridge

abstract: The 10th Avenue Bridge crosses the Mississippi River near downtown Minneapolis, Minnesota and also in proximity to the University of Minnesota. The bridge was historically referred to as the Cedar Avenue Bridge in the days prior to the construction of the I-35W Mississippi River bridge when it connected to Cedar Ave. The bridge connects 10th Avenue Southeast, on the east side of the Mississippi River, to 19th Avenue South on the west side. The Seven Corners area of the Cedar-Riverside, Minneapolis neighborhood is at the southern end of the bridge. The downstream end of the lower Saint Anthony Falls lock and dam extends under the bridge. The historic Southeast Steam Plant is also located nearby. The bridge is considered the crowning achievement of Minneapolis city engineer Kristoffer Olsen Oustad, who was one of four prominent Norwegian-American men who designed major structures in the region.

text:
# 10th Avenue Bridge

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Cedar Avenue Bridge | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | Tenth Ave. over Mississippi River, Minneapolis, Minnesota |
| Coordinates | 44°58′42″N 93°14′38″W / 44.9784°N 93.2438°W / 44.9784; -93.2438 |
| Area | 4 acres (1.6 ha) |
| Built | 1929 (1929) |
| Architect | Oustad, Kristoffer Olsen |
| Architectural style | Reinforced-concrete bridge |
| MPS | Reinforced-Concrete Highway Bridges in Minnesota MPS |
| NRHP reference No. | 89001845 |
| Added to NRHP | November 6, 1989 |

The **10th Avenue Bridge** crosses the Mississippi River near downtown Minneapolis, Minnesota and also in proximity to the University of Minnesota. The bridge was historically referred to as the **Cedar Avenue Bridge** in the days prior to the construction of the I-35W Mississippi River bridge when it connected to Cedar Ave. The bridge connects 10th Avenue Southeast, on the east side of the Mississippi River, to 19th Avenue South on the west side. The Seven Corners area of the Cedar-Riverside, Minneapolis neighborhood is at the southern end of the bridge. The downstream end of the lower Saint Anthony Falls lock and dam extends under the bridge. The historic Southeast Steam Plant is also located nearby.

The bridge is considered the crowning achievement of Minneapolis city engineer Kristoffer Olsen Oustad, who was one of four prominent Norwegian-American men who designed major structures in the region.

## History

A bridge known as the "10th Avenue Bridge" was built upstream from the current bridge in 1874. That bridge extended from 10th Avenue South in downtown Minneapolis to 6th Avenue Southeast. It also was known as the "Tenth Avenue wagon bridge". The piers still are visible upstream from the current I-35W Mississippi River bridge. That bridge was demolished in 1943 to provide scrap for the World War II war effort.

Construction on the current bridge began in 1926, and it was completed in 1929. It was built to alleviate the traffic flows on the bridges serving downtown. The total length is 2,174.9 feet (662.9 m), with two central spans each 265.5 feet (80.9 m) across. It has an open spandrel arch design, and it is constructed of reinforced concrete. Higher and longer than any preceding bridge in the region, it was originally 2,921 feet (890 m) in overall length, 698 feet (213 m) longer than the nearby Third Avenue Bridge. It stands 110 feet (34 m) above the water's surface. The budgeted cost of the bridge in 1922 was US$943,209.71. For many years it was the river crossing for Minnesota State Highway 36.

A major restoration was undertaken in 19721976, and the approach spans were altered (they were not considered architecturally significant, even when the bridge was new). The south approach span was relocated to go straight to Washington Avenue.

The bridge was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.

Roads in the vicinity were disrupted by the construction of Interstate 35W and a corresponding bridge (completed 1967; collapsed in 2007) one to two blocks upstream. During the days immediately following the I-35W bridge collapse, the 10th Avenue Bridge was closed to traffic, then later reopened; it was one of the most used locations from which to view the wreckage and the recovery efforts.

The bridge was reported to be deteriorating in 2015. It was closed in 2020 to replace the bridge deck and other deteriorating concrete components. It re-opened to traffic and pedestrians in November 2021.

## InfoBox

| 10th Avenue Bridge | |
| --- | --- |
| The 10th Avenue Bridge in Minneapolis | |
| Coordinates | 44°58′42″N 93°14′38″W / 44.9784°N 93.2438°W / 44.9784; -93.2438 |
| Carries | Four lanes of automobile traffic |
| Crosses | Mississippi River |
| Locale | Minneapolis, Minnesota |
| Maintained by | Minneapolis |
| ID number | 2796 |
| Characteristics | |
| Design | Concrete rib deck-arch bridge |
| Total length | 2,175 feet (663 m) |
| Width | 68 feet (21 m) |
| Longest span | 266 feet (81 m) |
| Clearance below | 101 feet (31 m) |
| History | |
| Opened | 1929 |
| Location | |
|  | |


title: 17 Cygni

abstract: 17 Cygni is the Flamsteed designation for a multiple star system in the northern constellation of Cygnus. It has an apparent visual magnitude of 5.00, so, according to the Bortle scale, it is visible from suburban skies at night. Measurements of the annual parallax find a shift of 0.0477″, which is equivalent to a distance of around 68.5 ly (21.0 pc) from the Sun. It has a relatively high proper motion, traversing the celestial sphere at the rate of 0.451″/year. This system consists of two visual binary systems that were discovered by John Herschel in the 1820s. Components A and B form a bright, wide pair with an angular separation of 26.0 arcsecond and an estimated orbital period of ~6,200 years. The faint, close system consists of components F and G with a separation of 2.6 arcsecond and a period of 238 years. The two binaries form a hierarchical system with a separation of about 800 arcseconds and orbital period of 3.7 million years or more. At an angular separation of 791.40 arcseconds is a proper motion companion with a classification of M0.4, indicating this is a red dwarf star. At the estimated distance of the pair, this is equal to a projected separation of 16,320 AU. Although the CCDM lists four other companions, these are not associated with the system. The stellar classification of the primary star, component A, is F7 V, which means it is a main sequence star like the Sun. The star has 1.24 times the mass of the Sun and 1.54 times the Sun's radius. It is some 2.8 billion years old and shines with 3.66 times the Sun's luminosity. The effective temperature of the stellar atmosphere is 6,455 K, giving it the yellow-white hued glow of an F-type star.

text:
# 17 Cygni

**17 Cygni** is the Flamsteed designation for a multiple star system in the northern constellation of Cygnus. It has an apparent visual magnitude of 5.00, so, according to the Bortle scale, it is visible from suburban skies at night. Measurements of the annual parallax find a shift of 0.0477″, which is equivalent to a distance of around 68.5 ly (21.0 pc) from the Sun. It has a relatively high proper motion, traversing the celestial sphere at the rate of 0.451/year.

This system consists of two visual binary systems that were discovered by John Herschel in the 1820s. Components A and B form a bright, wide pair with an angular separation of 26.0 arcsecond and an estimated orbital period of ~6,200 years. The faint, close system consists of components F and G with a separation of 2.6 arcsecond and a period of 238 years. The two binaries form a hierarchical system with a separation of about 800 arcseconds and orbital period of 3.7 million years or more. At an angular separation of 791.40 arcseconds is a proper motion companion with a classification of M0.4, indicating this is a red dwarf star. At the estimated distance of the pair, this is equal to a projected separation of 16,320 AU. Although the CCDM lists four other companions, these are not associated with the system.

The stellar classification of the primary star, component A, is F7 V, which means it is a main sequence star like the Sun. The star has 1.24 times the mass of the Sun and 1.54 times the Sun's radius. It is some 2.8 billion years old and shines with 3.66 times the Sun's luminosity. The effective temperature of the stellar atmosphere is 6,455 K, giving it the yellow-white hued glow of an F-type star.

## InfoBox

17 Cygni
| Observation data
Epoch J2000      Equinox J2000 | |
| --- | --- |
| Constellation | Cygnus |
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| Right ascension | 19h 46m 25.600s |
| Declination | +33° 43 39.35 |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 5.00 + 8.56 |
| Characteristics | |
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| Spectral type | F7 V + K6 V + K3 V + K3 V + M0.4 |
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| B−V color index | 0.46 |
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|  | |
| **Radial velocity (Rv)** | +4.1 km/s |
| **Proper motion (μ)** | RA: +22.745 mas/yr
Dec.: –448.311 mas/yr |
| **Parallax (π)** | 47.6516 ± 0.0675 mas |
| **Distance** | 68.45 ± 0.10 ly
(20.99 ± 0.03 pc) |
| **Absolute magnitude (MV)** | 3.40 |
|  | |
| Details | |
| 17 Cyg A | |
| **Mass** | 1.24 |
| **Radius** | 1.538 |
| **Luminosity** | 3.66 |
| **Surface gravity (log *g*)** | 4.262 cgs |
| **Temperature** | 6,455 |
| **Metallicity** \[Fe/H\] | 0.027 dex |
| **Rotational velocity (*v* sin *i*)** | 9 km/s |
| **Age** | 2.8 Gyr |
| 17 Cyg B | |
| **Mass** | 0.65 |
| Other designations | |
| 17 Cyg, BD+33°3587, GJ 9670, HD 187013, HIP 97295, HR 7534, SAO 68827 | |
| Database references | |
| **SIMBAD** | data |


title: MMCinemas

abstract: MMCinemas was a cineplex company based in Monterrey, Mexico. It operated 87 cineplexes, primarily in northern Mexico, with more than 900 screens at the time of its merger with Cinemex in 2008.

text:
# MMCinemas

**MMCinemas** was a cineplex company based in Monterrey, Mexico. It operated 87 cineplexes, primarily in northern Mexico, with more than 900 screens at the time of its merger with Cinemex in 2008.

## History

MMCinemas was established in 1981 by Grupo Multimedios, a Monterrey-based broadcasting company, when the company opened its first movie theater in that city. By 1994, the chain owned 14 multiplexes with a total of 47 screens in northern Mexico.

In 2006, Multimedios sold MMCinemas to Latin America Movie Theatres (LAMT), a joint venture of private equity firm Southern Cross Group and Morgan Stanley.

In February 2008, Germán Larrea Mota Velasco, owner of Grupo México, reached an agreement to acquire 80 percent of LAMT through holding company Entretenimiento GM de México. At the time, MMCinemas operated 50 cineplexes with 804 screens in 22 states, primarily Nuevo León, Tamaulipas and Sonora, but with little presence in the Mexico City metropolitan area. Nine months later, Entretenimiento GM purchased the 493 screens of Cinemex from AMC Entertainment in a $315 million transaction that gave the company access to the Mexico City market. The combination would have a market share of more than 30 percent, second only to Cinépolis. Most MMCinemas locations were converted to the Cinemex brand.


title: Ninon Abena

abstract: Therese Ninon Abena, known as Ninon Abena, is a Cameroonian footballer who plays as a midfielder for ACF Torino and the Cameroon women's national team.

text:
# Ninon Abena

**Therese Ninon Abena** (born 5 September 1994), known as **Ninon Abena**, is a Cameroonian footballer who plays as a midfielder for ACF Torino and the Cameroon women's national team.

## Domestic career

Abena played for Cameroon top division team Louves Minproff, before signing for Italian Serie C club ACF Torino in November 2019. She signed a one-year contract. She missed a Cameroon qualification game for the 2020 Summer Olympics in order to finalise her club deal.

## International career

Abena was part of the Cameroon squad at the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup. At the time of the squad announcement, she had made 3 appearances. She didn't make an appearance at the tournament. She played in the final of the 2015 African Games, which Cameroon lost to Ghana. She was included in the squad for the 2018 Africa Women Cup of Nations, and scored two goals as Cameroon beat Mali 4–2 in the third-placed playoff. The result meant that Cameroon qualified for the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup in France. She made two appearances at the 2019 World Cup.

## Personal life

Abena is the youngest of 20 siblings. One of her older sisters was unhappy when Abena started playing football.

## InfoBox

Ninon Abena
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Therese Ninon Abena | | |
| Date of birth | (1994-09-05) 5 September 1994 | | |
| Height | 1.68 m (5 ft 6 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Midfielder | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | ACF Torino | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| ?–2019 | Louves Minproff | ? | (?) |
| 2019– | ACF Torino | ? | (?) |
| International career | | | |
| 2015– | Cameroon | 8 | (2) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 28 July 2020<br>‡ National team caps and goals, correct as of 18:40, 14 March 2021 (UTC) | | | |


title: Nowa Turza

abstract: Nowa Turza is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tłuchowo, within Lipno County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland.

text:
# Nowa Turza

**Nowa Turza** \[ˈnɔva ˈtuʐa\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tłuchowo, within Lipno County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland.

## InfoBox

| Nowa Turza | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Nowa Turza | |
| Coordinates: 52°45′00″N 19°23′00″E / 52.75000°N 19.38333°E / 52.75000; 19.38333 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Kuyavian-Pomeranian |
| County | Lipno |
| Gmina | Tłuchowo |


title: Villiers, Indre

abstract: Villiers is a commune in the Indre department in central France.

text:
# Villiers, Indre

**Villiers** (French pronunciation: \[vilje\]) is a commune in the Indre department in central France.

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1968 | 353 |  |
| 1975 | 276 | −3.45% |
| 1982 | 230 | −2.57% |
| 1990 | 177 | −3.22% |
| 1999 | 189 | +0.73% |
| 2009 | 188 | −0.05% |
| 2014 | 206 | +1.85% |
| 2020 | 168 | −3.34% |
| Source: INSEE | | |

## InfoBox

| Villiers | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| Location of Villiers | |
| VilliersVilliers | |
| Coordinates: 46°53′17″N 1°11′09″E / 46.8881°N 1.1858°E / 46.8881; 1.1858 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Centre-Val de Loire |
| Department | Indre |
| Arrondissement | Le Blanc |
| Canton | Le Blanc |
| Intercommunality | Cœur de Brenne |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Christian Borgeais |
| Area**1** | 24.53 km2 (9.47 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 171 |
| Density | 7.0/km2 (18/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 36246 /36290 |
| Elevation | 99–152 m (325–499 ft)
(avg. 144 m or 472 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: South Dongting Lake

abstract: South Dongting Lake, also known as The pearl of the Yangtze River, is a large freshwater lake located in the north of the province of Hunan, China, in the Dongting Lake region. The South Dongting Lake occupies approximately one-eighth of the total combined area of all wetlands in the world. The lake is internationally regarded as an important wetland and has been designated as a protected Ramsar site since 2002.

text:
# South Dongting Lake

**South Dongting Lake** (Chinese: 南洞庭湖), also known as **The pearl of the Yangtze River**, is a large freshwater lake located in the north of the province of Hunan, China, in the Dongting Lake region. The South Dongting Lake occupies approximately one-eighth of the total combined area of all wetlands in the world. The lake is internationally regarded as an important wetland and has been designated as a protected Ramsar site since 2002.

## Geography

South Dongting Lake is located in the southwest of Dongting Lake, with an area of 1680 square kilometers. It has the characteristics of wetland with water immersion as lake and water falling as oasis.

## InfoBox

| Designations | |
| --- | --- |
| Ramsar Wetland | |
| Official name | Nan Dongting Wetland and Waterfowl Nature Reserve |
| Designated | 11 January 2002 |
| Reference no. | 1151 |
|  | |


title: Leonard Cheng

abstract: Professor Leonard Cheng Kwok-Hon, BBS, JP is the current president of the Lingnan University of Hong Kong. Before that he was appointed Dean of the School of Business and Management of the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology from 2009 to 2013. Cheng graduated with first-class honours in Social Science in Economics at Chinese University of Hong Kong. He then went to the United States and obtained his MA and PhD degrees in Economics from the University of California, Berkeley. After earning his doctorate he pursued a teaching career in University of Florida for 12 years and subsequently returned to Hong Kong. In July 1992 he was one of the founding members of his department at Hong Kong University of Science and Technology where he stayed until he assumed his office at Lingnan University. During his capacity as Head of Economics he successively undertook several leading positions in the School of Business and steered different collaboration projects one of which, i.e. the joint EMBA Programme in Asia with the Kellogg School of Management of Northwestern University. The programme was launched in 1997 and was ranked the best in the world by the Financial Times consecutively from 2009 to 2012. In September 2013 Cheng became the third President of Lingnan University of Hong Kong and also the Chair Professor of Economics.

text:
# Leonard Cheng

| Leonard Cheng | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Traditional Chinese | 鄭國漢 |
| Simplified Chinese | 郑国汉 |
| Transcriptions  Standard Mandarin  Hanyu Pinyin Zhèng Guóhàn  Yue: Cantonese  Jyutping zeng6 gwok3 hon3 | |
|  | |

Professor **Leonard Cheng Kwok-Hon**, BBS, JP (Chinese: 鄭國漢; born November 1952) is the current president of the Lingnan University of Hong Kong. Before that he was appointed Dean of the School of Business and Management of the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology from 2009 to 2013.

Cheng graduated with first-class honours in Social Science in Economics at Chinese University of Hong Kong. He then went to the United States and obtained his MA and PhD degrees in Economics from the University of California, Berkeley. After earning his doctorate he pursued a teaching career in University of Florida for 12 years and subsequently returned to Hong Kong. In July 1992 he was one of the founding members of his department at Hong Kong University of Science and Technology where he stayed until he assumed his office at Lingnan University. During his capacity as Head of Economics he successively undertook several leading positions in the School of Business and steered different collaboration projects one of which, i.e. the joint EMBA Programme in Asia with the Kellogg School of Management of Northwestern University. The programme was launched in 1997 and was ranked the best in the world by the Financial Times consecutively from 2009 to 2012.

In September 2013 Cheng became the third President of Lingnan University of Hong Kong and also the Chair Professor of Economics.

## InfoBox

| ProfLeonard K ChengBBS, JP | |
| --- | --- |
| 鄭國漢 | |
| CHENG Kwok Hon | |
|  | |
| 3rd President of
Lingnan University of Hong Kong | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
1 September 2013 | |
| Chancellor | Leung Chun-ying
Carrie Lam |
| Vice President | Prof Joshua Mok |
| Preceded by | Prof Yuk-shee Chan |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | November 1952 (age 71) |
| Children | 2 daughters |
| Residence | Hong Kong |
| Alma mater | Chinese University of Hong Kong (BSocSc)
University of California, Berkeley (MA, PhD) |
| Signature |  |
|  | |


title: 12999 Toruń

abstract: 12999 Toruń, provisional designation 1981 QJ2, is a carbonaceous Baptistina asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 8 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 30 August 1981, by British–American astronomer Edward Bowell at Lowell Observatory's Anderson Mesa Station in Flagstaff, Arizona, and named after the Polish city of Toruń.

text:
# 12999 Toruń

**12999 Toruń**, provisional designation 1981 QJ2, is a carbonaceous Baptistina asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 8 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 30 August 1981, by British–American astronomer Edward Bowell at Lowell Observatory's Anderson Mesa Station in Flagstaff, Arizona, and named after the Polish city of Toruń.

## Orbit and classification

*Toruń* is a carbonaceous C-type asteroid and a member of the small Baptistina family. It orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 1.8–2.7 AU once every 3 years and 5 months (1,252 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.19 and an inclination of 6 with respect to the ecliptic. The first precovery was taken at Goethe Link Observatory in 1957, extending the asteroid's observation arc by 24 years prior to its discovery.

## Physical characteristics

### Rotation period

A rotational lightcurve of *Toruń* was obtained from photometric observations at the U.S. Palomar Transient Factory in December 2009. The provisional lightcurve gave a rotation period of 3.5521±0.0026 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.09 in magnitude (U=1).

### Diameter and albedo

According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, *Toruń* measures 3.5 kilometers in diameter and its surface has a very high albedo of 0.39. The *Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link* (CALL) disagrees with the findings by the space-based mission and assumes a standard albedo for carbonaceous asteroids of 0.057, with a correspondingly larger diameter of 8.0 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 14.22. As with 1696 Nurmela, another member of the Baptistina family, CALL assumes this asteroid's composition *(also see carbonaceous chondrites)* to differ significantly from the much brighter asteroid 298 Baptistina, which is considered to be an interloper in its own family.

## Naming

In 2008, this minor planet was named after the city of Toruń, Poland. It is the birthplace of Nicolaus Copernicus, significant to Polish and European history, a UNESCO World Heritage listed Old Town, and the main site of the Nicolaus Copernicus University, where its observatory at Piwnice, the largest in Poland, is located. The naming followed a suggestion by Polish astronomer T. Michałowski. The approved naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center 21 March 2008 (M.P.C. 62354).

## InfoBox

12999 Toruń
| Discovery | |
| --- | --- |
| Discovered by | E. Bowell |
| Discovery site | Anderson Mesa Stn. |
| Discovery date | 30 August 1981 |
| Designations | |
| MPC designation | (12999) Toruń |
| Named after | Toruń (Polish city) |
| Alternative designations | 1981 QJ2 **·** 1957 TF
1998 QL8 |
| Minor planet category | main-belt **·** Baptistina |
| Orbital characteristics | |
| Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5) | |
| Uncertainty parameter 0 | |
| Observation arc | 59.49 yr (21,730 days) |
| Aphelion | 2.7036 AU |
| Perihelion | 1.8438 AU |
| Semi-major axis | 2.2737 AU |
| Eccentricity | 0.1891 |
| Orbital period (sidereal) | 3.43 yr (1,252 days) |
| Mean anomaly | 168.46 |
| Mean motion | 0° 17m 15s / day |
| Inclination | 5.7705° |
| Longitude of ascending node | 152.34° |
| Argument of perihelion | 210.91° |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Dimensions | 3.523±0.136 km
7.96 km (calculated) |
| Synodic rotation period | 3.5521±0.0026 |
| Geometric albedo | 0.057 (assumed)
0.392±0.028 |
| Spectral type |  |
| Absolute magnitude *(H)* | 13.773±0.002 (R) **·** 13.8 **·** 13.9 **·** 14.22 |
|  | |


title: The Flying Dinosaur

abstract: The Flying Dinosaur is a steel flying roller coaster at Universal Studios Japan. Designed by Swiss firm Bolliger & Mabillard, Flying Dinosaur restrains riders in the prone position. This attraction opened on March 18, 2016, and is currently the world's second longest flying roller coaster, as the track length has been surpassed by F.L.Y. in Phantasialand, which opened in September 17, 2020.

text:
# The Flying Dinosaur

**The Flying Dinosaur** is a steel flying roller coaster at Universal Studios Japan. Designed by Swiss firm Bolliger & Mabillard, Flying Dinosaur restrains riders in the prone position. This attraction opened on March 18, 2016, and is currently the world's second longest flying roller coaster, as the track length has been surpassed by F.L.Y. in Phantasialand, which opened in September 17, 2020.

## History

In June 2015, Universal Studios Japan confirmed that they would be adding a new Jurassic Park-themed attraction. Later in July, vertical construction began, when the park finished building the first supports and track. Later in August, the park released teasers around the park saying "The Greatest DINOSAUR RIDE IN THE WORLD! Coming in 2016...". Construction was going on for a while. Finally on October 2, 2015, the park officially announced that they were adding The Flying Dinosaur rollercoaster.

## Ride experience

The coaster starts in a dual station and leads into the lift hill. After it reaches the top, it drops 124 feet towards the ground and enters a zero-g roll, the first inversion, and then enters into a fly to lie element which makes riders face the sky. It then goes into a half pretzel loop and makes riders turn into a flying position again. Quickly, it turns into another pretzel loop, then enters a small tunnel at the bottom of the loop. It enters a small air-time element, then enters into the corkscrew. After the inversion, the train will enter a helix and comes to the final inversion, an inline twist which is just before the final brake run.

## InfoBox

| The Flying Dinosaur | |
| --- | --- |
| Two massive inversions that soar high above the park. | |
| Universal Studios Japan | |
| Location | Universal Studios Japan |
| Park section | Jurassic Park |
| Coordinates | 34°39′48″N 135°25′50″E / 34.6634°N 135.4305°E / 34.6634; 135.4305 |
| Status | Operating |
| Opening date | March 18, 2016 (March 18, 2016) |
| General statistics | |
| Type | Steel Flying |
| Manufacturer | Bolliger & Mabillard |
| Model | Flying Coaster - Custom |
| Lift/launch system | Chain lift hill |
| Height | 151 ft (46 m) |
| Drop | 124 ft (38 m) |
| Length | 3,687.7 ft (1,124.0 m) |
| Speed | 62 mph (100 km/h) |
| Inversions | 5 |
| Height restriction | 52–78 in (132–198 cm) |
| Trains | 4 trains with 8 cars. Riders are arranged 4 across in a single row for a total of 32 riders per train. |
| Sponsor | JCB |
| The Flying Dinosaur at RCDB | |


title: NATO Division Commander

abstract: NATO Division Commander, subtitled "Leadership Under Fire", is a board wargame published by Simulations Publications Inc. (SPI) in 1980 that simulates hypothetical World War III ground combat scenarios in Europe between NATO and Warsaw Pact forces using armaments of the 1970s.

text:
# NATO Division Commander

***NATO Division Commander***, subtitled "Leadership Under Fire", is a board wargame published by Simulations Publications Inc. (SPI) in 1980 that simulates hypothetical World War III ground combat scenarios in Europe between NATO and Warsaw Pact forces using armaments of the 1970s.

## Description

*NATO Division Commander* is a 2-player board wargame in which one player controls the invading forces of the Warsaw Pact, and the other player controls the NATO defensive forces. The game scenarios posit that the Warsaw Pact has already penetrated into the West Germany countryside; the setting is the Fulda Gap north of Frankfurt.

### Components

The game box contains:

* two identical 22" x 35" paper hex grid maps scaled at 1 mi (1.6 km) per hex
* two identical sets of 600 counters each
* 25-page rule book (contains opening scenario)
* 8-page booklet of 30 game charts and tables
* 15-page Scenario book with Designer's and Playtesters' Notes
* 8-page booklet of charts required for scenarios
* 11-page essay, "NATO Division Commander: Command and Control in the Modern Battlefield Environment" by Stephen B. Patrick

### Gameplay

Each game turn represents 8 hours. In addition to an introductory scenario included with the rules as an introduction to the basic game, the game includes a booklet of eight more scenarios of increasing complexity, with instructions for how to design more scenarios. Unlike most other wargames of the time that have some form of "all units move, then all units shoot", *NATO Division Commander* uses a system similar to SPI's larger game *The Next War*, where one unit moves at a time, combat and other activities being a function of movement.

The game can be played in two different modes:

* **Competition Game**: A conventional wargame played on a single map, where two competitors can see all of their opponent's units.
* **Controller Game**: Similar to military wargame training exercises, one player deploys NATO forces on one of the maps, but cannot "see" any opponents. A second person, the Controller, places both the player's NATO forces and the Warsaw Pact forces on a second (identical) map that is not visible to the NATO player. As the NATO player moves units, the Controller moves the Warsaw Pact forces in accordance with pre-programmed reactions, and gives the NATO player information and intelligence gained as the NATO player moves. As the NATO player makes contact with opposing units, they appear on the NATO map.

Regardless of which game system is used, each game turn takes the following sequence:

1. Weather Determination and Intelligence Allocation
2. First player
    1. Intelligence gathering
    2. Asset transfers
    3. Mode Change/Forced March Designation
    4. Offensive Counter-Battery Fire
    5. Defensive Counter-Battery Fire
    6. Movement and Combat
    7. Housekeeping
3. Second player
    1. Repeats all phases of Step 2
4. Game Turn Marker Advance

## Publication history

In the December 1977 issue of SPI's house magazine *Strategy & Tactics*, a reader suggested that *NATO Division Commander* be developed as a "player versus controller" simulation. Game designer Jim Dunnigan reported in *S&T* #68 (June 1978) that the game was indeed being developed as a Controller game. However, later reports indicated that a standard two-player Competition game was also developed for the game. Game development took longer than expected, and several tentative release dates were pushed back until the game finally appeared in March 1980, featuring graphic design by Redmond A. Simonsen.

The game appeared at #8 on SPI's Top Ten Bestseller list, and stayed on the Top Ten list for four months after its release.

After the demise of SPI, Chinese game company Aurora Game Studio acquired the rights to the game and published a Chinese version (北约师指挥官) in 2021.

## Reception

In Issue 32 of *Phoenix*, Donald Mack pointed out that several charts and tracks referred to in the rules did not exist, saying that the game, "having been delayed time and time again, was finally rushed out without as complete a set of graphic playing-aids as had been intended." He also noted that "The rules, I am afraid, also bear the indications of a hurried finishing-off. They are generally complete but in some important instances there are very vague explanations and concepts." Mack was not impressed with the Competition Mode game, calling it "a book-keeping, dice-rolling, counter-stacking, balls-aching ordeal, each turn likely to last for two hours \[...\] it's rather a lot of drudgery." However, Mack enjoyed the Controller game, and felt that this is what the game had been developed to do, saying, "the whole feel of a game changes dramatically for the better." He concluded "*NDC* certainly lacks the feel of mechanised warfare, strong though it is on planning. Its appeal lies, I consider, in the opportunity it gives the Player to venture on to the hostile emptiness of the map and see what is 'at the other side of the hill'."

In Issue 26 of *Fire & Movement*, Bill Sanders also thought that this game was not good in Competition mode, but shone as a Controller game. However, he questioned why only one set of rules had been included. "With two sets of everything else, I would have hoped to have two sets of rules, especially since the game is fairly complicated so that both players will very often have to look up rules." Sanders liked the system of one unit moving and firing at a time, but noted that "a computer would come in handy" to handle combat calculations. He concluded, "Even with a mastery of all the rules, I found the Competition game to be a monumental bore — more paperwork than play. In contrast, the Controller game is so dramatic that any paperwork seems well worth the effort. For the active player, it is like being in a command post, and for the controller, acting like God."

## Other reviews


title: MMDA-2

abstract: MMDA-2 (2-methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxyamphetamine) is a psychedelic drug of the amphetamine class. It is closely related to MMDA and MDA. Alexander Shulgin was likely the first to synthesize MMDA-2. In his book PiHKAL, the dose is listed as 25–50 mg, and the duration is listed as 8–12 hours. Shulgin reports that MMDA-2 produces effects such as enhanced awareness, empathy, and visual facilitation and distortion, as well as some side effects like gastrointestinal upset and appetite loss. He states that 30 mg is very similar to 80 mg of MDA, and also remarks that it would be impossible for anyone to have a bad experience on the drug at that dose. Scientific research has shown that MMDA-2, unlike MMDA, but similarly to 6-methyl-MDA, is only very weak at inducing the release of serotonin or dopamine, and accordingly, does not produce amphetamine-like responses in animals in drug discrimination studies. Instead, MMDA-2 is likely to act as a pure 5-HT2 receptor agonist similarly to the DOx series of compounds, with activation of the 5-HT2A receptor conferring its psychedelic effects. MMDA-2 has been sold as a designer drug in Japan.

text:
# MMDA-2

**MMDA-2** (**2-methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxyamphetamine**) is a psychedelic drug of the amphetamine class. It is closely related to MMDA and MDA.

Alexander Shulgin was likely the first to synthesize MMDA-2. In his book *PiHKAL*, the dose is listed as 25–50 mg, and the duration is listed as 8–12 hours. Shulgin reports that MMDA-2 produces effects such as enhanced awareness, empathy, and visual facilitation and distortion, as well as some side effects like gastrointestinal upset and appetite loss. He states that 30 mg is very similar to 80 mg of MDA, and also remarks that it would be impossible for anyone to have a bad experience on the drug at that dose.

Scientific research has shown that MMDA-2, unlike MMDA, but similarly to 6-methyl-MDA, is only very weak at inducing the release of serotonin or dopamine, and accordingly, does not produce amphetamine-like responses in animals in drug discrimination studies. Instead, MMDA-2 is likely to act as a pure 5-HT2 receptor agonist similarly to the DOx series of compounds, with activation of the 5-HT2A receptor conferring its psychedelic effects.

MMDA-2 has been sold as a designer drug in Japan.

## InfoBox

MMDA-2
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Clinical data | |
| Routes of
administration | Oral, Insufflated, Rectal |
| ATC code | * none |
| Legal status | |
| Legal status |  |
| Identifiers | |
| IUPAC name * 1-(6-Methoxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)propan-2-amine | |
| CAS Number |  |
| PubChem CID |  |
| ChemSpider |  |
| UNII |  |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |  |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C11H15NO3 |
| Molar mass | 209.245 g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) |  |
| SMILES * O1c2cc(c(OC)cc2OC1)CC(N)C | |


title: No Quiero Estar Sin Ti

abstract: "No Quiero Estar Sin Ti" is a song by the Colombian recording artist Naëla. It was the first single from her first studio album, Naëla (2011). Written by Naëla and produced by Naëla, "No Quiero Estar Sin Ti" was released on February 16, 2010. The song received generally favorable reviews from critics, who praised its composition and gave her a lot of success.

text:
# No Quiero Estar Sin Ti

"**No Quiero Estar Sin Ti**" is a song by the Colombian recording artist Naëla. It was the first single from her first studio album, *Naëla* (2011). Written by Naëla and produced by Naëla, "No Quiero Estar Sin Ti" was released on February 16, 2010. The song received generally favorable reviews from critics, who praised its composition and gave her a lot of success.

## InfoBox

| "No Quiero Estar Sin Ti" | |
| --- | --- |
| Single by Naëla | |
| from the album  *Naëla* | |
| Released | February 16, 2010 (2010-02-16) |
| Recorded | 2009 |
| Genre | pop rock |
| Length | 3:18 |
| Songwriter(s) | Naëla |
| Producer(s) | Naëla |
| Naëla singles chronology | |
| "**No Quiero Estar Sin Ti**"
(2010) "Muero Por Amarte"
(2011) | |


title: 13 Ways to Bleed on Stage

abstract: 13 Ways to Bleed on Stage is the second studio album by American rock band Cold, released on September 12, 2000. With four popular singles, it gained substantial commercial success, achieving gold status, and landed Cold in the mainstream rock scene.

text:
# 13 Ways to Bleed on Stage

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic |  |
| Blabbermouth.net | 8/10 |
| *The Encyclopedia of Popular Music* |  |
| *Kerrang!* |  |
| *PopMatters* | mixed |
| *Rock Sound* |  |

***13 Ways to Bleed on Stage*** is the second studio album by American rock band Cold, released on September 12, 2000. With four popular singles, it gained substantial commercial success, achieving gold status, and landed Cold in the mainstream rock scene.

## Background and recording

About a year prior to recording *13 Ways*, the band enlisted guitarist Terry Balsamo; frontman Scooter Ward, who had sung and played guitar, wanted to focus solely on singing. After trying a few musicians from Los Angeles, Cold chose fellow Jacksonville native Balsamo, who'd played with its members since the age of 18.

The main song structures for *13 Ways* were written prior to entering the studio. Using C tuning (the main tuning used in Cold's catalog), the band then experimented with various sounds and dynamics in the studio. Balsamo primarily used an Ibanez RG570 and Mesa Boogie Triple Rectifier.

It is often considered as Cold's darkest record. The album has a Parental advisory on the cover art for strong language and dark graphic themes such as drug addiction and its consequences, relationship troubles, and social indifference. Guest vocalists include Aaron Lewis of Staind and Sierra Swan who would also appear on the band's next album.

## Album art

Cold's second album marked the first appearance of the band's spider logo and corresponding text. Its CD booklet design depicts a tattered old book held shut with rubber bands. The liner notes feature morbid figure illustrations and imagery of X-Acto knives and other cutting utensils.

## Touring and promotion

Following the album's release, Cold toured for a year and a half to promote it. They embarked on a three-week tour with 3 Doors Down and a month with Marilyn Manson before joining Limp Bizkit and DMX on the Anger Management Tour for a few weeks. Cold (along with the Offspring, Weezer, Social Distortion, Incubus and Adema) was on the bill for the first annual Inland Invasion, which took place on August 25, 2001, and was hosted by the Los Angeles radio station KROQ.

Singles for the album included "Just Got Wicked", "End of the World", "No One" and "Bleed". All of the said tracks had music videos which saw moderate airplay on MTV2. The majority of singles from *13 Ways* also received significant radio play and were instrumental in launching Cold into the mainstream music scene.

"Just Got Wicked" appears on *MTV: The Return of the Rock, Vol. 2*, *ECW: Extreme Music Vol. 2: Anarchy Rocks*, and the soundtrack to the video game *Jet Grind Radio*. "No One" is featured on the soundtrack to the film *A Walk to Remember*.

## Commercial performance

The album debuted at #174 on the Billboard 200, selling 6,251 copies in its first week. It later peaked at #98, staying on the chart for 27 weeks. Five months after its release, it had sold 81,046 copies according to Nielsen Soundscan.

In February 2002, the album was certified gold by the RIAA for shipments of over 500,000 copies.

As of 2003, the album has sold 467,000 copies in the US.

## Track listing

All lyrics are written by Scooter Ward; all music is composed by Cold

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Just Got Wicked" | 4:00 |
| 2. | "She Said" | 4:08 |
| 3. | "No One" (featuring Sierra Swan) | 3:17 |
| 4. | "End of the World" | 3:04 |
| 5. | "Confession" | 3:49 |
| 6. | "It's All Good" | 3:43 |
| 7. | "Send in the Clowns" (featuring Aaron Lewis) | 4:13 |
| 8. | "Same Drug" | 3:43 |
| 9. | "Anti-Love Song" | 3:10 |
| 10. | "Witch" (featuring Sierra Swan) | 3:48 |
| 11. | "Sick of Man" | 4:04 |
| 12. | "Outerspace" | 3:37 |
| 13. | "Bleed" (featuring Aaron Lewis) (also known as "Thirteen" after 9/11) | 3:57 |

Japanese edition
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 14. | "Ghost in Here" (Demo) | 2:48 |
| 15. | "Bizarre" (Demo) | 3:29 |

## Personnel

Credits adapted from album's liner notes.

**Cold**

**Additional personnel**

* Aaron Lewis – additional vocals on "Send in the Clowns" and "Bleed"
* Sierra Swan – additional vocals on "No One" and "Witch"

**Production**

* Producers: Cold, Adam Kasper, Chris Vrenna (tracks 1–6, 8, 9, 11), Fred Durst (track 2)
* Engineers: Chris Vrenna (tracks 1–6, 8, 9, 11), Sam Hofstedt (tracks 7, 10, 12, 13)
* Programming: Chris Vrenna
* Mixing: David J. Holman (tracks 1, 2, 4–13), Tom Lord-Alge (track 3)
* Mastering: Louis F. Hemsey
* Executive producer: Jordan Schur
* Art direction: Stefan G. Bucher and Cold
* Production coordination: Les Scurry
* Creative director: Joe Mama-Nitzberg
* Photography: Myriam Santos Kayda, Jason Timss

## Charts

| Chart (2000) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| US *Billboard* 200 | 98 |
| US Heatseekers Albums (*Billboard*) | 1 |

## Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| United States (RIAA) | Gold | 500,000^ |
| ^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## Acoustic EP

An acoustic EP was released as a free bonus disc with the purchase of *13 Ways to Bleed on Stage*.

### Track listing

1. "No One (Acoustic)" – 3:16
2. "End of the World (Acoustic)" – 3:37
3. "Just Got Wicked (Acoustic)" – 3:59

#### Track 1 & 3

* Mixed by Ross Hogarth at Master Control
* Produced by Cold

#### Track 2

* Mixed by David J. Holman
* Produced by Cold

### Credits

* All Songs Mastered by Louis F. Hemsey
* Executive Producer Jordan Schur
* All Songs Written by Cold
* Published by Into Everything Music
* 2001 Flip/Geffen Records

## InfoBox

| 13 Ways to Bleed on Stage | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Cold | |
| Released | September 12, 2000 |
| Recorded | February–June 2000 |
| Studio | * Amethyst Digital, Los Angeles, California * Studio X, Seattle, Washington |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 48:31 |
| Label |  |
| Producer |  |
| Cold chronology | |
| *Cold*
(1998) ***13 Ways to Bleed on Stage***
(2000) *Year of the Spider*
(2003) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *13 Ways to Bleed on Stage* | |
| 1. "Just Got Wicked"/"Confession"
Released: 2000 2. "No One"
Released: 2000 3. "End of the World"
Released: 2001 4. "Bleed"
Released: 2001 | |
|  | |


title: Viktor Kalmykov

abstract: Viktor Kalmykov is a former international speedway rider from the Soviet Union.

text:
# Viktor Kalmykov

**Viktor Kalmykov** is a former international speedway rider from the Soviet Union.

## Speedway career

Kalmykov reached the final of the Speedway World Championship in the 1972 Individual Speedway World Championship. He was one of six Russians that competed in the 1972 World final after strong performances in the Continental final and European final.

Kalmykov won the silver medal in the Russian national championship in 1977.

## World final appearances

### Individual World Championship

### World Team Cup

## InfoBox

Viktor Kalmykov
| Born | Soviet Union |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | Soviet/Russian |
| Career history | |
| **Soviet Union** | |
| 1966–1977 | Balakovo |
|  | |
| Individual honours | |
| 1972 | Speedway World Championship finalist |
| 1977 | Russian championship silver |
|  | |


abstract: The NATO Consultation, Command and Control Agency (NC3A) was formed in 1996 by merging the SHAPE Technical Centre (STC) in The Hague, Netherlands; and the NATO Communications and Information Systems Agency (NACISA) in Brussels, Belgium. NC3A was part of the NATO Consultation, Command and Control Organization (NC3O) and reported to the NATO Consultation, Command and Control Board (NC3B). In July 2012, NC3A was merged into the NATO Communications and Information Agency (NCIA). The agency had around 800 staff, of which around 500 were located in The Hague and 300 in Brussels. Broadly speaking, the Netherlands staff were responsible for scientific research, development and experimentation, while the Belgian staff provided technical project management and acquisition support for NATO procurement programmes. The Agency was organised using a balanced matrix model, with four main areas: the Production area, Sponsor Accounts, Core Segment and Resources Division. The Production area consisted of nine capability area teams (CATs) with various areas of expertise. The Sponsor Accounts area had Directors for each of the Agency's major sponsors, providing a single point of contact with the Agency. The Core Segment comprised a Chief Operating Officer, Chief Technology Officer and Director of Acquisition, who ensured coherency of the Agency's business, technical and acquisition processes respectively. The Resources Division handled Agency operations such as Human Resources, Finance, Graphics, Building Maintenance, etc. Since 2004, the Agency used the PRINCE2 and PMI project management methodologies. General Manager Georges D'hollander and Deputy General Manager Kevin Scheid split their time between their offices in The Hague and Brussels. Staff were recruited directly from the 28 NATO nations, the majority holding degrees at the Masters level or above. The working language of the Agency was English. NC3A's prime customers were Allied Command Transformation and Allied Command Operations, as well as the NATO Air Command and Control System (ACCS) Management Agency (NACMA), NATO Airborne Early Warning (NAEW) Force Command and individual NATO nations. Its annual budget was roughly 100 million euros. Major growth areas were the NATO Network Enabled Capability (NNEC), Theatre Missile Defence (TMD) and the Alliance Ground Surveillance and Reconnaissance (AGSR) projects. The Agency traditionally had a strong emphasis on prototyping and aimed to follow a spiral development model. The agency aimed to complement, not compete with, national research and development, and was primarily concerned with improving C4ISR interoperability between the nations and supporting major acquisition C4ISR programmes.

text:
# NATO Consultation, Command and Control Agency

52°06′34″N 4°19′30″E / 52.10944°N 4.32500°E / 52.10944; 4.32500 The **NATO Consultation, Command and Control Agency** (**NC3A**) was formed in 1996 by merging the SHAPE Technical Centre (STC) in The Hague, Netherlands; and the NATO Communications and Information Systems Agency (NACISA) in Brussels, Belgium. NC3A was part of the NATO Consultation, Command and Control Organization (NC3O) and reported to the NATO Consultation, Command and Control Board (NC3B). In July 2012, NC3A was merged into the NATO Communications and Information Agency (NCIA).

The agency had around 800 staff, of which around 500 were located in The Hague and 300 in Brussels. Broadly speaking, the Netherlands staff were responsible for scientific research, development and experimentation, while the Belgian staff provided technical project management and acquisition support for NATO procurement programmes.

The Agency was organised using a balanced matrix model, with four main areas: the Production area, Sponsor Accounts, Core Segment and Resources Division. The Production area consisted of nine capability area teams (CATs) with various areas of expertise. The Sponsor Accounts area had Directors for each of the Agency's major sponsors, providing a single point of contact with the Agency. The Core Segment comprised a Chief Operating Officer, Chief Technology Officer and Director of Acquisition, who ensured coherency of the Agency's business, technical and acquisition processes respectively. The Resources Division handled Agency operations such as Human Resources, Finance, Graphics, Building Maintenance, etc. Since 2004, the Agency used the PRINCE2 and PMI project management methodologies.

General Manager Georges D'hollander and Deputy General Manager Kevin Scheid split their time between their offices in The Hague and Brussels. Staff were recruited directly from the 28 NATO nations, the majority holding degrees at the Masters level or above. The working language of the Agency was English.

NC3A's prime customers were Allied Command Transformation and Allied Command Operations, as well as the NATO Air Command and Control System (ACCS) Management Agency (NACMA), NATO Airborne Early Warning (NAEW) Force Command and individual NATO nations. Its annual budget was roughly 100 million euros. Major growth areas were the NATO Network Enabled Capability (NNEC), Theatre Missile Defence (TMD) and the Alliance Ground Surveillance and Reconnaissance (AGSR) projects. The Agency traditionally had a strong emphasis on prototyping and aimed to follow a spiral development model.

The agency aimed to complement, not compete with, national research and development, and was primarily concerned with improving C4ISR interoperability between the nations and supporting major acquisition C4ISR programmes.

* NCIA official web site
* NCI Agency Jobs
* The Distributed Networked Battle Labs
* NACMA official web site
* "NATO Code of Best Practice for C2 Assessment" (PDF). (1.68 MiB)


abstract: The NATO Eurofighter 2000 and Tornado Management Agency (NETMA) is the prime customer and management body for two European multinational fighter jet programmes: the Eurofighter Typhoon and Panavia Tornado. Its offices are located in Hallbergmoos, Germany and it is staffed by civilian and military secondees from the participating states – the United Kingdom, Germany, Italy and Spain.

text:
# NATO Eurofighter and Tornado Management Agency

The **NATO Eurofighter 2000 and Tornado Management Agency** **(NETMA)** is the prime customer and management body for two European multinational fighter jet programmes: the Eurofighter Typhoon and Panavia Tornado. Its offices are located in Hallbergmoos, Germany and it is staffed by civilian and military secondees from the participating states  the United Kingdom, Germany, Italy and Spain.

## History

NETMA was established in 1996 to replace two former organisations  the **NATO Multirole Combat Aircraft Development and Production Management Agency** (NAMMA) and the **NATO EFA Development Production and Logistics Management Agency** (NEFMA).

Miguel Ángel Martín Pérez was appointed the General Manager of NETMA in mid-2020. Previous General Managers include Air Vice-Marshal Graham Farnell of the British Royal Air Force and Lt. General Gabriele Salvestroni of the Italian Air Force.


title: Mélissa Theuriau

abstract: Mélissa Theuriau is a French journalist and news anchor for M6. She studied journalism and became a television news presenter. She is the former anchor and co-editor in chief of Zone interdite on French TV.

text:
# Mélissa Theuriau

**Mélissa Theuriau** (French pronunciation: \[melisa tœʁjo\]; born 18 July 1978) is a French journalist and news anchor for M6. She studied journalism and became a television news presenter. She is the former anchor and co-editor in chief of *Zone interdite* on French TV.

## Early career

Theuriau obtained a DUT in News-Communication from the Technical University (Institut universitaire de technologie, or IUT) Pierre Mendès-France in Grenoble, and later a master's degree in Audiovisual Journalism from the Institute of Communication and Media (ICM) at Échirolles. Theuriau was a reporter at Match TV in 2002. Since 2003, she has been a reporter and anchor for La Chaîne Info, where she became better known to the French general public. She made her breakthrough as a newscaster and travel show host for LCI, the news channel and for TF1. Her programs were *LCI Matin* (LCI Morning), the 6:40 news on LCI and TF1 from Monday to Thursday and the *Voyages* travel show on Wednesdays at 13:55 on LCI. In May 2006, she surprised the management of TF1 by refusing the offer to be the anchorwoman of the weekend evening news of TF1, as a summer replacement for sitting anchorwoman Claire Chazal.

## M6/Zone Interdite

In June 2006, Métropole 6, another French television channel, announced her arrival for September as editor-in-chief and presenter of *Zone Interdite* ("Forbidden Zone"), a weekly magazine show featuring investigative reporting.

She also presents *Un jour, une Photo* and *Deux, trois jours avec moi* on the French TV channel Paris Première, in partnership with Paris Match. *Un jour, une photo* features stories behind iconic and historic photos. *Deux, trois jours avec moi* is a weekly travel programme in which an invited guest reveals more about him or herself during a trip.

In September 2006, she was appointed co-editor in chief and anchor of the influential TV magazine *Zone interdite* ("Forbidden Zone") on M6. She will stay there for 6 years, until August 29, 2012, the date of her last show (she will present this show barefoot)

## Charity

In March 2007, she launched, with five other journalists (Claire Chazal, Marie Drucker, Laurence Ferrari, Béatrice Schönberg, and Tina Kieffer), the organization “La Rose”, which works with UNICEF to help educate girls.

Mélissa Theuriau has become an internet phenomenon, with fans uploading video compilations receiving millions of hits from admirers. Theuriau is reportedly surprised by this phenomenon, stating, "I cannot explain it... I am absolutely not seeking this publicity."

In 2006, the *Daily Express* voted her the world's most beautiful news reporter. She was similarly voted "TV's sexiest news anchor" by readers of the US edition of *Maxim*. In May 2007, she was voted most beautiful woman in the world in the French edition of *FHM*. Paris Match has referred to her as *la bombe cathodique* ("the television bombshell").

In 2006, *Voici*, a French tabloid, published pictures showing her topless at a beach. Her lawyers are reportedly attempting to purge these images from the Internet.

In 2010, scam websites co-opted a photograph of her to promote health treatments, the ubiquitous "1 weird old tip" belly fat diets, and penny auctions, unauthorized usage of which Theuriau was initially unaware.

## Personal life

On 29 March 2008, she was engaged to French-Moroccan comedian and actor Jamel Debbouze; the two were married on 7 May 2008. They had a son on 3 December 2008 named Léon and a daughter named Lila in 2011.

## InfoBox

| Mélissa Theuriau | |
| --- | --- |
| Mélissa Theuriau | |
| Born | (1978-07-18) 18 July 1978
Échirolles, France |
| Occupation(s) | Television presenter and journalist |
| Notable credit(s) | *LCI Matin* (LCI)
News (LCI, TF1)
*Voyages* (LCI)
*Zone interdite* (M6) |
| Spouse | Jamel Debbouze (m. 2008) |
| Children | 2 |


title: Mörrum

abstract: Mörrum is the second largest locality situated in Karlshamn Municipality, Blekinge County, Sweden with 3,695 inhabitants in 2010.

text:
# Mörrum

**Mörrum** is the second largest locality situated in Karlshamn Municipality, Blekinge County, Sweden with 3,695 inhabitants in 2010.

## InfoBox

| Mörrum | |
| --- | --- |
| MörrumMörrum | |
| Coordinates: 56°11′N 14°44′E / 56.183°N 14.733°E / 56.183; 14.733 | |
| Country | Sweden |
| Province | Blekinge |
| County | Blekinge County |
| Municipality | Karlshamn Municipality |
| Area | |
| Total | 3.44 km2 (1.33 sq mi) |
| Population (31 December 2010) | |
| Total | 3,695 |
| Density | 1,074/km2 (2,780/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: NBAD Private Bank (Suisse) SA

abstract: NBAD Private Bank (Suisse) SA is a Swiss private bank located in the heart of Geneva. It provides private banking services for private clients. It is an independent and wholly owned subsidiary of the National Bank of Abu Dhabi Group.

text:
# NBAD Private Bank (Suisse) SA

**NBAD Private Bank (Suisse) SA** is a Swiss private bank located in the heart of Geneva. It provides private banking services for private clients. It is an independent and wholly owned subsidiary of the National Bank of Abu Dhabi Group (NBAD Group).

## The National Bank of Abu Dhabi

The National Bank of Abu Dhabi (NBAD) was incorporated in 1968 and is listed in the Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange (ADX), under stock code NBAD. It has one of the largest networks in the UAE, and its international network includes all areas of the world.

Since 2009, the bank has been ranked each year one of the World’s 50 Safest Banks by *Global Finance* magazine, the safest bank in the Middle East. It was also named in 2011 the Best Bank in the UAE for the third consecutive year and for the fifth time in a decade by *Euromoney* and in 2012 the Best Private Bank in the UAE by *the Banker*. NBAD surpassed the US$1 billion net profits in 2010, becoming the first UAE bank to reach this milestone.

NBAD is rated senior long term/short term AA− by Standard & Poor's (S&P), Aa3/P1 by Moody’s, AA-/F1+ by Fitch and A+ by Rating and Investment Information Inc (R&I) and AAA by RAM (Malaysia), giving it one of the strongest combined rating of any Middle Eastern financial institution. A comprehensive financial institution, NBAD offers a range of banking services including retail, investment and Islamic banking services.

## Key dates

* 2007: Launch of the Bank and its private banking services.
* 2008: Launch of trade finance operations.
* 2009: Acquisition of its Quai de l'Ile building.
* 2013: NBAD Private Bank (Suisse) SA increases its capital from CHF 40 million to CHF 140 million, therefore strengthening its funding capacity.

## Financial services and products

NBAD Private Bank (Suisse) SA offers financial services in wealth management.

The bank offers specialised counselling in the bonds and equities markets of the Gulf Cooperation Council (Saudi Arabia, Abu Dhabi, Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman).

## InfoBox

NBAD Private Bank (Suisse) SA
|
|  |
| Industry | Private banking and Trade Finance |
| Founded | 2007 in Geneva |
| Headquarters | Geneva, Switzerland |
| Products | Wealth Management and Trade Finance |
| Website | http://www.nbadsuisse.ch |


title: Mōjū Tsukai no Shōjo

abstract: Mōjū Tsukai no Shōjo Mōjū Tsukai no Shōjo (猛獣使いの少女) is a 1952 black-and-white Japanese film directed by Kōzō Saeki.

text:
# Mōjū Tsukai no Shōjo

***Mōjū Tsukai no Shōjo*** (猛獣使いの少女) is a 1952 black-and-white Japanese film directed by Kōzō Saeki.

## Overview

Chiemi Eri sings in the film.

## Cast

## InfoBox

| Mōjū Tsukai no Shōjo | |
| --- | --- |
| Chiemi Eri had the leading role in the film. | |
| Directed by | Kozo Saeki |
| Written by | Toshirō Ide
Umetsugu Inoue |
| Cinematography | Tomohiro Akino |
| Production
company | Daiei Film |
| Release date | * June 5, 1952 (1952-06-05) |
| Country | Japan |
| Language | Japanese |