title: VIP Television

abstract: VIP Television is an entertainment news magazine program that covers red carpet events, charity events, sports, trends, and celebrities in South Florida. The program airs on The CW, Tuff TV, and MundoMax/WGEN-TV in the Miami-Fort Lauderdale, West Palm Beach-Ft. Pierce, and Key West television markets.

text:
# VIP Television

**VIP Television** (commonly shortened to **VIP TV**) is an entertainment news magazine program that covers red carpet events, charity events, sports, trends, and celebrities in South Florida.

The program airs on The CW (WTVX and WSFL-TV), Tuff TV, and MundoMax/WGEN-TV in the Miami-Fort Lauderdale, West Palm Beach-Ft. Pierce, and Key West television markets.

## History

A 22-minute pilot episode of VIP TV was broadcast nationwide on satellite television on October 29, 2010 and featured current hosts Jayquan and Ana Maria Reyes, as well as interviews with UFC fighter Spencer Fisher and Fat Joe. Unlike the present iteration of the show, the pilot was filmed in a North Beach studio and primarily focused on fashion and parties in Miami's South Beach neighborhood.

VIP TV first aired in its current 30-minute, commercial-less format on WPLG Channel 10, the Miami-Fort Lauderdale ABC affiliate, in 2012.

On August 15, 2015, the program held the first annual VIP TV Model Search to benefit No More Tears, a charity for victims of human trafficking and domestic violence. The event was hosted by actor Evan Golden and was judged by record producer Scott Storch, Miss Universe Canada Chanel Beckenlehner, and Ms. United States Celine Pelofi.

## On-air cast

* Kavita Channe – Host
* Christine Curran – Host
* Natalia De La Cruz – Host
* Jayquan – Host
* Jennifer Riley – Host
* Charelle Sno – Host

1. Curran, Christine. "TV Shows and TV Pilots". *ChristineCurran.com*. Retrieved 2016-03-21.
2. "VIP TV's Exclusive Season 3 Premiere Party Set For Friday, Jan. 24 At Stache". *International Business Times*. Retrieved 2016-03-21.
3. VIP Television (2010-10-29), "2010-11 Original Episode 1B", *YouTube*, retrieved 2016-03-21
4. "Media Kit" (PDF). *VIP TV Productions*. Retrieved 2016-03-21.
5. "2015 VIP TV Model Search - South Florida Nights Magazine". *SoFlaNights.com*. 15 August 2015. Retrieved 2016-03-21.
6. RAE TV Lifestyle (2015-08-12), *VIP TV 2015 Model Search (Press Conference)*, retrieved 2016-03-21
7. "TV Personality Evan Golden to Host 2015 VIP TV Model Search". *PRWeb*. Retrieved 2016-03-21.

## InfoBox

| *VIP Television* | |
| --- | --- |
| Also known as | VIP TV |
| Genre | Entertainment |
| Presented by | Kavita Channe, Christine Curran, Natalia De La Cruz, Jayquan, Ana Maria Reyes, Jennifer Riley, Charelle Sno |
| Country of origin | United States |
| Original languages | English, Spanish |
| No. of seasons | 8 |
| Production | |
| Production locations | VIP Television Studios, 4028 NE 6th Ave, Fort Lauderdale, Florida |
| Running time | 30 minutes |
| Original release | |
| Network | ABC |
| Release | 2012 (2012) <br>present |
| Related | |
| * Club TV | |


title: Urgleptes laxicollis

abstract: Urgleptes laxicollis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Gilmour in 1960.

text:
# Urgleptes laxicollis

***Urgleptes laxicollis*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Gilmour in 1960.

## InfoBox

| *Urgleptes laxicollis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Genus: | *Urgleptes* |
| Species: | ***U. laxicollis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Urgleptes laxicollis***<br>Gilmour, 1960 | |
|


title: Utansjö

abstract: Utansjö is a settlement in Härnösand Municipality, Västernorrland County, Sweden. Until 2015, it was classified by Statistics Sweden as a locality (tätort), with 209 inhabitants in 2010. Since 2015, it is regarded as two smaller localities (småorter), with 92 and 112 inhabitants each in 2015. It is located close to the Höga Kusten Bridge.

text:
# Utansjö

**Utansjö** is a settlement in Härnösand Municipality, Västernorrland County, Sweden. Until 2015, it was classified by Statistics Sweden as a locality (*tätort*), with 209 inhabitants in 2010. Since 2015, it is regarded as two smaller localities (*småorter*), with 92 and 112 inhabitants each in 2015. It is located close to the Höga Kusten Bridge.

## InfoBox

| Utansjö | |
| --- | --- |
| Utansjö in April 2012 | |
| UtansjöUtansjö | |
| Coordinates: 62°47′N 17°56′E / 62.783°N 17.933°E / 62.783; 17.933 | |
| Country | Sweden |
| Province | Ångermanland |
| County | Västernorrland County |
| Municipality | Härnösand Municipality |
| Area | |
| Total | 1.01 km2 (0.39 sq mi) |
| Population (31 December 2010) | |
| Total | 209 |
| Density | 207/km2 (540/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Climate | Dfc |


title: Utani Apu

abstract: Utani Apu (Aymara) is a 4,060 m (13,320 ft) mountain in the Andes of Bolivia. It is located in the La Paz Department, Ingavi Province, San Andrés de Machaca Municipality, and in the Pacajes Province, Caquiaviri Municipality.

text:
# Utani Apu

**Utani Apu** (Aymara) is a 4,060 m (13,320 ft) mountain in the Andes of Bolivia. It is located in the La Paz Department, Ingavi Province, San Andrés de Machaca Municipality, and in the Pacajes Province, Caquiaviri Municipality.

## InfoBox

| Utani Apu | |
| --- | --- |
| Utani ApuLocation in Bolivia | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 4,060 m (13,320 ft) |
| Coordinates | 17°03′40″S 68°55′33″W / 17.06111°S 68.92583°W / -17.06111; -68.92583 |
| Geography | |
| Location | Bolivia,<br>La Paz Department |
| Parent range | Andes |


title: Ute Verstegen

abstract: Ute Verstegen is a German archaeologist. She is a professor for Christian Archaeology and Byzantine Art History at the University of Marburg.

text:
# Ute Verstegen

**Ute Verstegen** (born 1970 in Stuttgart, Germany) is a German archaeologist. She is a professor for Christian Archaeology and Byzantine Art History at the University of Marburg.

## Life

Verstegen studied art history, classical archaeology, theatre, film and TV, and prehistory at University of Cologne, University of Bonn, and University of Barcelona from 1989 to 1998. She graduated as M.A. at University of Cologne in 1996 and received her Ph.D. in 1998 with the dissertation *St. Gereon in Köln in römischer und frühmittelalterlicher Zeit* (St Gereon in Cologne in Roman and early medieval times).

After she finished her studies, she worked at the University of Cologne as a postdoctoral researcher until 2004. From 2004 to 2013, she was an assistant professor for Christian Archaeology and Art History at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg. With the winter semester 2013-14 she was appointed full professor for Christian Archaeology and Byzantine Art History at the University of Marburg.

## Publications

* Verstegen, Ute. Ausgrabungen und Bauforschungen in St. Gereon zu Köln. Mainz am Rhein: Philipp von Zabern, 2006.


title: Utsav Chakraborty

abstract: Utsav Chakraborty is an Indian comedian, writer and actor. He has performed stand-up, written comedy, and acted in sketches and shows, who is known for his frequent collaborations with All India Bakchod.

text:
# Utsav Chakraborty

**Utsav Chakraborty** is an Indian comedian, writer and actor. He has performed stand-up, written comedy, and acted in sketches and shows, who is known for his frequent collaborations with All India Bakchod.

## Career

Chakraborty gained online popularity in 2012 for operating a Chetan Bhagat troll account called **@**SatanBhagat on Twitter. He started performing stand-up comedy across India. He was briefly employed as HuffPost India's Trends Editor, for three months in 2015 and later on went on to work as a staff writer at All India Bakchod (AIB.) He has since written for television shows and performed sketches with contemporary Indian comedians. As an actor, and performer, he was known for his frequent collaborations with All India Bakchod (AIB) on comedy sketches and branded content.

Between 2016 and 2018, Chakraborty acted in numerous projects that included branded content, reality television, and comedy sketches. He acted in *Behti Naak* (running nose), a dark-comedy YouTube series (created by Sumukhi Suresh,) and was a recurring cast member in the first two seasons of the mockumentary web-series, *Better Life Foundation*. During the first half of 2017 he worked as a writer on the second season of *Son of Abish—*Abish Matthew's YouTube talk show. The following year, Chakraborty was a participant on TLC's comedy reality-TV show (*Queens Vs Kings)* in April, and Comedy Central India's Impractical Jokers spinoff *(Challenge Accepted)*. He also hosted a YouTube segment for VICE about Indian Men's Rights Activists.

### Style

Chakraborty's stand up is irreverent in nature, a comedic style he cultivated since operating @SatanBhagat. He leveraged his online fame into open-mic spots and writing gigs for comedy sketches and television. He has since won multiple open mics and gigged across India.

## Controversy

In October 2018, a number of allegations of Chakraborty's sexual impropriety surfaced on Twitter, several of which claimed that he had sent unsolicited and explicit messages. Following this, Chakraborty apologized for his transgressions. However, in a leaked call recording which surfaced in November 2019 between him and one of the prime accuser, Chakraborty challenged the authenticity of the allegations; he also claimed that the unverified allegations effectively destroyed his career, maligned his reputation, and made him suicidal.

### Events

In October 2018, comedian Mahima Kukreja claimed on Twitter that Chakraborty had sent her "a dick pic", and also posted screenshots of anonymous messages as purported evidence of him attempting to harass a minor girl.

> “Someday, maybe, I’ll talk about what transpired in detail. It was not at all as cut and dry \[sic\] as it was presented to the world. But in the interim, I just hope to not be an absolute dingbat now or in the future — if I get to have one, that is.”

— Utsav Chakraborty

Chakraborty apologized, and his actions prompted an apology from All India Bakchod (AIB). As a result of these allegations, AIB delisted its videos wherein he had worked from their YouTube channel. Some of his work from *Queens Vs Kings* was also removed from YouTube.

### Impact on AIB

AIB apologized for continuing to work with Chakraborty after the \[then\] chief executive officer, Tanmay Bhat, had received "specific, detailed allegations" of sexual harassment against Chakraborty prior to the public call-out. AIB's problems compounded in eight months when allegations of sexual misconduct directed against another co-founder surfaced, which prompted a wide backlash from several of their sponsor brands. Following this, AIB cancelled its show On Air With AIB in its third season, fired its staff, and halted production of its YouTube channel.

### Aftermath

One year later, in October 2019, Chakraborty said that he had few friends left and would have liked to be in therapy, but couldn't afford it because he is not working. "I haven’t worked or seen a paycheck since last October," he said. He admitted his past behavior was "problematic" and realized he made people "uncomfortable," which took a heavy toll on him. He said the media was irresponsible by exaggerating the accounts relating to his case without any verification or investigations into the allegation.

On 21 November 2019, a year after the initial allegations of sexual impropriety, an audio clip of a conversation between Chakraborty, Kukreja and her sister was uploaded to YouTube. The conversation, broken into two uploads, happened one month after the initial allegations were made public. In it, Chakraborty can be heard listening to Kukreja and her sister, who identified herself as a lawyer, threatening him with legal action as Chakraborty planned to provide evidence that would disprove her accounts of the incident.

On the same day, in a flurry of tweets, Utsav claimed that all of the earlier allegations were false, stating that the instagram conversations had been leaked without the alleged victim's consent, and with one half of the conversation which showed her consenting deleted. This was confirmed by said accuser, who then apologised to Utsav before deleting her account. Utsav also asserted, using screenshots, that the girl purported to be 'much younger' than him was only a year younger at 26 years of age, and that he never harassed her.

Chakraborty claimed Kukreja didn't verify any allegations of impropriety sent to her. In response to claims of malicious intent against her, Kukreja penned a statement in Firstpost calling Chakraborty's claims a "planned and orchestrated PR-led campaign \[that\] has been led to malign me Kukreja, the women who spoke up, and the #MeToo movement itself." She said the leaked audio and screenshots of their previous chats were misleading, false, and claimed the audio was doctored. Chakraborty has since called the allegations against him "fabricated."

## InfoBox

| Utsav Chakraborty | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | Indian |
| Citizenship | India |
| Occupations |  |
| Organizations |  |
| Known for | * SatanBhagat * Stand Up Comedy |
| Style |  |
| Television |  |


title: Utsav Chowk

abstract: Utsav Chowk is one of the famous landmarks of Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, in the Indian state of Maharashtra. Kharghar is one of the towns in Raigad district of Navi Mumbai area. It is a well planned town and Utsav Chowk is a prominent landmark just between Sector-4, Sector-7 and Sector-5 of Kharghar town. Utsav Chowk stands out for its eye catching architecture which is a humble reflection of the Roman and Greek architecture. Earlier Utsav Chowk was known for the eateries that came up in the evening here and people enjoyed different types of snacks and food here but due to issues related to upkeep of this area they were removed from here. Utsav Chowk is at the crossing of raintree road and pravesh marg in Kharghar. Near this crossing there is one hospital known as Motherhood Hospital. The Belapur-Kharghar-Taloja Metro line which is under construction passes just near of the Utsav Chowk, expected to open by 2022

text:
# Utsav Chowk

**Utsav Chowk** is one of the famous landmarks of Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, in the Indian state of Maharashtra. Kharghar is one of the towns in Raigad district of Navi Mumbai area. It is a well planned town and Utsav Chowk is a prominent landmark just between Sector-4, Sector-7 and Sector-5 of Kharghar town.

Utsav Chowk stands out for its eye catching architecture which is a humble reflection of the Roman and Greek architecture. Earlier Utsav Chowk was known for the eateries that came up in the evening here and people enjoyed different types of snacks and food here but due to issues related to upkeep of this area they were removed from here. Utsav Chowk is at the crossing of raintree road and pravesh marg (entry road) in Kharghar. Near this crossing there is one hospital known as Motherhood Hospital.

The Belapur-Kharghar-Taloja Metro line which is under construction passes just near of the Utsav Chowk, expected to open by 2022

1. Google Map. 2. Personal. observations. 3. https://www.tripadvisor.in/Attraction\_Review-g1532344-d4096925-Reviews-Utsav\_Chowk-Navi\_Mumbai\_Maharashtra.html 4. https://www.trodly.com/india/destination-3400/utsav-chowk


title: Vaaren

abstract: Vaaren is a novel written by Norwegian Nobel laureate Sigrid Undset, published in 1914. The book was a hit with the public, and had four impressions during the first year from its release. The protagonists "Rose Wegener" and "Torkild Christensen" enter a happy marriage, but face problems after the death of their child.

text:
# Vaaren

***Vaaren*** is a novel written by Norwegian Nobel laureate Sigrid Undset, published in 1914. The book was a hit with the public, and had four impressions during the first year from its release. The protagonists "Rose Wegener" and "Torkild Christensen" enter a happy marriage, but face problems after the death of their child.

## InfoBox

Vaaren
| Author | Sigrid Undset |
| --- | --- |
| Language | Norwegian |
| Publication date | 1914 |
| Publication place | Norway |


title: Vaaranam Aayiram (soundtrack)

abstract: Vaaranam Aayiram is the soundtrack album for the 2008 film of the same name directed by Gautham Vasudev Menon, and features music by Harris Jayaraj, following four successive soundtracks with the director. The album was under production from one-and-a-half years and featured seven songs written by Thamarai and Na. Muthukumar. The album was distributed by Sony BMG and released on 24 September 2008. The soundtrack for the Telugu dubbed version titled Surya S/o Krishnan featured lyrics by Veturi and was released on 30 October 2008. The soundtrack album opened to positive reviews and fetched multiple accolades. Upon release, Vaaranam Aayiram became the most downloaded Tamil album and was listed among the top 20 digital downloads. It is considered to be the most played and repeated soundtracks in music streaming platforms till date, a record for a Tamil album. It was the last soundtrack from the collaboration with Jayaraj and Menon, after they parted ways post the film's release, until they worked together in Yennai Arindhaal (2015).

text:
# Vaaranam Aayiram (soundtrack)

***Vaaranam Aayiram*** is the soundtrack album for the 2008 film of the same name directed by Gautham Vasudev Menon, and features music by Harris Jayaraj, following four successive soundtracks with the director. The album was under production from one-and-a-half years and featured seven songs written by Thamarai and Na. Muthukumar. The album was distributed by Sony BMG and released on 24 September 2008. The soundtrack for the Telugu dubbed version titled *Surya S/o Krishnan* featured lyrics by Veturi and was released on 30 October 2008.

The soundtrack album opened to positive reviews and fetched multiple accolades. Upon release, *Vaaranam Aayiram* became the most downloaded Tamil album and was listed among the top 20 digital downloads. It is considered to be the most played and repeated soundtracks in music streaming platforms till date, a record for a Tamil album. It was the last soundtrack from the collaboration with Jayaraj and Menon, after they parted ways post the film's release, until they worked together in *Yennai Arindhaal* (2015).

## Album information

The soundtrack album was under production from late 2007, features seven songs; six of them written by Thamarai and one song by Na. Muthukumar and an instrumental song. The track "Mundhinam Partheney" was played during Krishnan's (Suriya) meet with his first love Malini (Simran). The track was considered to be a favourite for many music critics and audiophiles. A sample of tunes and beats is inspired from the 1987 song "Faith" from the studio album of the same name by George Michael. The song "Yethi Yethi" sung by Benny Dayal, was picturised on Suriya's early life in his teenage. It was shot at the Elliot's Beach, along with the LIC headquarters in Chennai and Napier Bridge.

"Adiye Kolluthey", which was recorded by Benny Dayal and Shruti Haasan, was shot at the University of California in Berkeley, where few scenes were being filmed. This song featured in the first trailer was raved by audiences, which also led a popular distributor in North India to fetch the film rights for the highest bid. Following the anticipation, a rough cut of the song was leaked into the internet, creating uproar among the film crew. The song "Nenjukkul Peidhidum" is picturised with Surya's (Suriya) first meet with Meghna (Sameera Reddy) in a train, where Suriya recognizes his love at first sight. It was shot at various locations including India Gate, Mumbai Taj Hotel, Taj Mahal, Egmore Junction and Anna Nagar Tower Park and few sequences being filmed in set. The track "Oh Shanthi" was played during Surya's visit to United States in search of Meghana.

"Ava Enna", sung by Karthik and backing vocals by V. V. Prasanna, was picturised during Surya's grief over the loss of Meghana, and started drugs and alcoholism to ease his pain. "Annal Mele Panithuli" is played at Surya's first meet with Priya (Divya Spandana) after his army training and was sung by prominent Carnatic musician Sudha Raghunathan.

## Release

The audio was initially scheduled for release on 15 June 2008, once the film's production wrapped in May 2008. But producer Venu Ravichandran opposed the plans for the launch, due to the *Dasavathaaram*, one of the highly anticipated films of the year was scheduled for release on 13 June 2008, two days before the audio launch, slated. During August 2008, Harris Jayaraj started re-recording works on the film score and soundtrack. The audio rights were purchased by Sony BMG, whom Ravichandran introduced into the Tamil market with *Dasavathaaram* for a highest bid. Harris later handed the master copy of the soundtrack on 10 September 2008 to Sony BMG, whom fixed the audio launch date as 24 September 2008.

As a unique promotional camp, the songs from the albums were released to four leading radio stations in Chennai, with one song per station, in attempt to popularise it five days before the official launch. The move by Sony BMG was the first of its kind in Indian cinema. The audio was released in Sathyam Cinemas in Chennai, with the film's cast and crew in attendance, and a live performance from Harris Jayaraj and his musical team.

## Track listing

### Tamil

All tracks are written by Thamarai, except where noted

| No. | Title | Singer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Adiye Kolluthe" | Benny Dayal, Krish, Shruti Haasan | 5:14 |
| 2. | "Nenjukkul Peidhidum" | Hariharan, Devan, V. V. Prasanna | 6:09 |
| 3. | "Yethi Yethi Yeththi" (Lyrics: Na. Muthukumar) | Benny Dayal, Naresh Iyer, Solar Sai | 4:53 |
| 4. | "Annal Mele Panithuli" | Sudha Ragunathan | 5:41 |
| 5. | "Oh Shanthi Shanthi" | Clinton Cerejo, S. P. Charan | 3:03 |
| 6. | "Ava Enna" | Karthik, V. V. Prasanna | 5:17 |
| 7. | "Mundhinam Parthene" | Naresh Iyer, Prashanthini | 5:22 |
| 8. | "Ragasiyam" | Instrumental | 1:20 |
| Total length: | | | 36:59 |

### Telugu

All tracks are written by Veturi

| No. | Title | Singer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Yedhane Koiyyake" | Benny Dayal, Krish , Bhargavi Pillai | 5:14 |
| 2. | "Naalona Pongenu" | Harish Raghavendra, Devan, V.V. Prassanna | 6:09 |
| 3. | "Yegasi Yegasi" | Benny Dayal, Naresh Iyer, Chandran | 4:53 |
| 4. | "Nidhare Kala" | Sudha Ragunathan | 5:41 |
| 5. | "Oh Shanthi Shanthi" | Krish, S. P. Charan | 3:03 |
| 6. | "Adhey Nanne" | Karthik, V.V. Prasanna | 5:17 |
| 7. | "Monna Kanipinchavu" | Naresh Iyer, Prashanthini | 5:22 |
| Total length: | | | 35:39 |

## Reception

The album received positive reviews from music critics. A reviewer from *Indiaglitz* stated the album is "one of the best soundtracks from Harris Jeyaraj and Gautham Menon's collaboration", further calling it as "energetic" and "entertaining". Malathy Sundaram from *Behindwoods* gave a 4 out of 5 rating and praised the album calling it a "blockbuster written all over". Pavithra Srinivasan from *Rediff* gave a 3.5 out of 5 rating and called that "Harris Jayaraj has set out to provide quality music with a difference". Karthik Srinivasan of *Milliblog* called that "the soundtrack is a fantastic example of a set of mesmerizing tunes used with the right vocals and appropriate backgrounds, making a solid impact".

## Accolades

| Award | Date of ceremony | Category | Recipient(s) | Result | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Ananda Vikatan Cinema Awards | 7 January 2009 | Best Music Director | Harris Jayaraj | Won |  |
| | Best Male Playback Singer | Hariharan – (for "Nenjukkul Peithidum") | Won | |
| | Best Lyricist | Thamarai | Won | |
| Filmfare Awards South | 31 July 2009 | Best Music Director – Tamil | Harris Jayaraj | Won |  |
| | Best Music Director – Tamil | Harris Jayaraj | Won | |
| | Best Lyricist – Tamil | Thamarai – (for "Nenjukkul Peithidum") | Won | |
| | Best Male Playback Singer – Tamil | Naresh Iyer – (for "Mundhinam Paarthene") | Won | |
| | Hariharan – (for "Nenjukkul Peithidum") | Nominated ||
| Meera Isaiaruvi Tamil Music Awards | 11 July 2009 | Best Music Director | Harris Jayaraj | Won |  |
| | Best Album of the Year | | Won | |
| | Best Lyricist | Thamarai – (for "Nenjukkul Peithidum") | Won | |
| | Best Male Playback Singer | Hariharan – (for "Nenjukkul Peithidum") | Won | |
| | Voice of the Year | Karthik – (for "Ava Enna") | Won | |
| | Rising Star Singer – Female | Shruti Haasan – (for "Adiye Kolluthe") | Won | |
| South Scope Style Awards | 25 October 2009 | Most Stylish Music Director – Tamil | Harris Jayaraj | Won |  |
| Vijay Awards | 13 June 2009 | Best Music Director | Harris Jayaraj | Won |  |
| | Favourite Song | Harris Jayaraj – (for "Ava Enna") | Won | |
| | Best Lyricist | Thamarai – (for "Nenjukkul Peithidum") | Won | |
| | Best Male Playback Singer | Hariharan – (for "Nenjukkul Peithidum") | Won | |
| | Best Female Playback Singer | Sudha Ragunathan – (for "Annal Mele Panithuli") | Nominated | |
| | Best Choreographer | Brinda – (for "Ava Enna") | Nominated | |
|

## Legacy

The song "Mundhinam Paarthene" inspired a 2010 Indian film of the same name. Similarly, the Silambarasan-starrer *Achcham Yenbadhu Madamaiyada* directed by Menon himself was earlier titled *Sattendru Maarudhu Vaanilai*, adapted from one of the verses from the song "Nenjukkul Peidhidum", but was later renamed due to copyright issues.

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20. "Vaaranam Aayiram audio launched". *Sify*. Archived from the original on 27 June 2021. Retrieved 27 June 2021.
21. "Varanam Aayiram Music Review songs lyrics". *IndiaGlitz*. 1 October 2008. Archived from the original on 16 November 2007. Retrieved 7 May 2012.
22. "Vaaranam Aayiram MUSIC REVIEW – Behindwoods.com". *Behindwoods.com*. 5 December 2007. Retrieved 7 May 2012.
23. "Music review: Vaaranam Aayiram". *Rediff.com*. Retrieved 7 May 2012.
24. "Music review: Vaaranam Aayiram (Tamil – Harris Jeyaraj) by Milliblog!". 26 September 2008. Retrieved 27 June 2021.
25. "Winners". *Ananda Vikatan*. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
26. "56th Idea Filmfare Awards 2008 South: The winners". *The Times of India*. 1 August 2009. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
27. "Surya, Parvathi win 56th Filmfare awards". *The New Indian Express*. 2 August 2009. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
28. "Meera Isaiaruvi Tamil Music Awards 09". *Sify*. Archived from the original on 25 December 2015. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
29. "Stars, Songs and an Award". *The New Indian Express*. 13 July 2009. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
30. "Vijay Awards Winners List, Photos and Videos". *Behindwoods*. Archived from the original on 2 August 2012. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
31. "Mundhinam Parthene is worth watching". *Rediff*. Retrieved 15 February 2020.
32. V.P, Nicy (11 February 2015). "Simbu to Resume Shooting for Gautham Menon's Movie in February; Revives Project with Selvaraghavan". *www.ibtimes.co.in*. Retrieved 17 July 2021.
33. Srinivasan, Sudhir (21 November 2015). "I'll stand outside Ajith's gate: Gautham Menon". *The Hindu*. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 17 July 2021.

## InfoBox

| Vaaranam Aayiram | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Soundtrack album by Harris Jayaraj | |
| Released | 24 September 2008 |
| Recorded | 2007–2008 |
| Genre | Feature film soundtrack |
| Length | 36:59 |
| Language | Tamil |
| Label | Sony Music India |
| Producer | Harris Jayaraj |
| Harris Jayaraj chronology | |
| *Dhaam Dhoom*
(2008) ***Vaaranam Aayiram***
(2008) *Ayan*
(2009) | |
| External audio  Official Tamil Jukebox on YouTube | |


title: Vale of Dryfe F.C.

abstract: Vale of Dryfe F.C. was an association football club from Lockerbie, Dumfriesshire, active at the turn of the 20th century.

text:
# Vale of Dryfe F.C.

**Vale of Dryfe F.C.** was an association football club from Lockerbie, Dumfriesshire, active at the turn of the 20th century.

## History

The club was formed at a meeting on 16 November 1896, to provide a Junior club for the town, after the demise of the original Mid-Annandale club; William Gardner was elected first captain. Its first competitive football came in the Southern Counties Cup, which it entered in 1896–97, and it lost 5–1 to Dumfries Thistle in a replay of its first tie. The Vale protested that Thistle's Gordon was Cup-tied for having played for the 5th K.R.V. in the Scottish Cup, in vain.

The Vale was one of the ten clubs to sign up for the new Southern Counties League in June 1897, but it withdrew before the competition started.

The Vale had a run of success between 1901 and 1904 at local level. It won the Southern Counties Consolation Cup for the first time in 1901–02, with a 2–1 win over Douglas Wanderers at Palmerston Park. It successfully retained the trophy in 1902–03, by beating the 6th G.R.V. 2–0, and surviving a protest about player eligibility.

Off the back of that success, the club recruited two coaches, and joined the Scottish Football Association in May 1903. This entitled the club to play in the Scottish Qualifying Cup, and the club lost to Dumfries in a first round tie, replayed after the Vale had successfully protested that Dumfries' McClure had not been transferred from Maxwelltown Volunteers. The Vale gained a revenge by beating Dumfries in the Southern Counties Cup, and reached the final of the tournament for the only time, but lost 4–1 to Nithsdale Wanderers, the club hindered by centre-half Bill Alston being carried off when the score was 1–1.

The extra expense of senior membership proved deleterious to the club. It never won another tie in either the Counties Cup or the Consolation Cup, and lost in the first round of the 1904–05 Qualifying Cup. The club came close to disbanding in 1905, with only a small balance at hand and finding "in these days of professionalism some trouble to make both ends meet", but it did retain most of its players for one last tilt in 1905–06. The efforts were rewarded with a 2–0 win over Dumfries in the first round of the Qualifying Cup, considered "one of the greatest surprises of the round" (the inevitable protest - about one of the goals coming from a wrongly-awarded penalty - was dismissed unanimously). The Vale was hammered 8–0 by Nithsdale Wanderers in the second, key player Alston having been lured away by Liverpool for a trial.

The effort was too much for the club - it withdrew from the Potts Cup in December 1905 before playing a tie and its final recorded match was a 3–1 defeat on New Year's Day 1906 at Penrith. It was thrown out of the Scottish FA roll in August 1906 and the club was dissolved the same month, a new junior club (Mid-Annandale Amateurs) being founded to replace the senior club, playing at the same ground and wearing the same colours.

## Colours

The club wore black and gold,.

## Ground

The club's first ground was a park owned by a Mr Baird of Broomhouses. It later played at Kintail Park, although it is not certain whether this was the same ground.

## Honours

* **South of Scotland Cup**
    + **Runner-up**: 1903–04

* **South of Scotland Consolation Cup**
    + **Winner**: 1901–02, 1902–03

## Notable players

* J. Maclaren, the club's centre-forward in the 1900s, was an Irish junior international.

## InfoBox

Vale of Dryfe
| Nickname(s) | the Vale |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | 1896 |
| Dissolved | 1906 |
| Ground | Kintail Park |
| Trainers | R. Steel and J. T. Cox (1903) |
| Match secretary | James Jardine |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Uwe Hardter

abstract: Uwe Hardter is a German former professional cyclist. He rode in the 2003 Giro d'Italia, finishing 64th overall.

text:
# Uwe Hardter

**Uwe Hardter** (born 14 January 1977 in Tübingen) is a German former professional cyclist. He rode in the 2003 Giro d'Italia, finishing 64th overall.

## Major results

2002 7th GP Triberg-Schwarzwald 2006 7th Overall Tour of Indonesia

## InfoBox

Uwe Hardter
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1977-01-14) 14 January 1977<br>Tübingen, Germany |
| Team information | |
| Current team | Retired |
| Discipline | Road |
| Role | Rider |
| Professional teams | |
| 2000–2004 | Gerolsteiner |
| 2005–2006 | Team Lamonta |
| 2007 | Atlas–Romer's Hausbäckerei |
|  | |


title: V (Vanessa Hudgens album)

abstract: V is the debut studio album by American singer Vanessa Hudgens, first released on September 26, 2006, via Hollywood Records. The album has been given mostly positive reviews. V debuted in the United States at twenty-four, selling 34,000 copies in its first week. The album has spawned two singles, lead "Come Back to Me" and follow-up "Say OK". In February 2007, the album was certified Gold by RIAA. As of April 2008, the album has sold 570,000 copies in the United States. Hudgens supported the album with serving as an opening act for The Cheetah Girls' The Party's Just Begun Tour and also on the High School Musical: The Concert tour. The album was voted as the seventh best album of 2007 by the readers of Billboard.

text:
# V (Vanessa Hudgens album)

***V*** is the debut studio album by American singer Vanessa Hudgens, first released on September 26, 2006, via Hollywood Records. The album has been given mostly positive reviews. *V* debuted in the United States at twenty-four, selling 34,000 copies in its first week. The album has spawned two singles, lead "Come Back to Me" and follow-up "Say OK". In February 2007, the album was certified Gold by RIAA. As of April 2008, the album has sold 570,000 copies in the United States. Hudgens supported the album with serving as an opening act for The Cheetah Girls' The Party's Just Begun Tour and also on the High School Musical: The Concert tour. The album was voted as the seventh best album of 2007 by the readers of *Billboard*.

## Writing and development

After participating in *High School Musical*, Hollywood Records made a proposal for Vanessa to start a solo music career. The album was produced in two months as the record company insisted that the album was to be recorded and produced quickly.

"I did it my way. My single "Come Back to Me" is kind of pop and R&B, but the rest of the album brings a bit of pop rock, electronic music, and some ballads. It is a mixture of everything," said Vanessa, who at first thought of making a purely dance album.

Hudgens stated the title of the album stands for *Vanessa*, but also for *variety*, because the album is a mix of genres and styles.

She also recorded three covers. "Whatever Will Be", which was originally released by Tammin Sursok the year before, "Afraid", which was initially recorded by Melissa Schuman and intended for her unreleased album "Stereotyped", and "Let Go" which was originally sung by Raffish.

## Release

### Singles

"Come Back to Me" was released as *V*'s lead single on September 12, 2006. It peaked at number 55 on the *Billboard* Hot 100, becoming Hudgens's highest-charting single as a solo artist. Internationally, the track was a moderate commercial success, peaking at number 12 in France and peaking at top 40 in Australia as well as peaking at number 6 in New Zealand. The song received generally positive reviews from critics. The accompanying music video featured Hudgens dancing and socializing with her friends, including her sister, Stella Hudgens, and Alexa Nikolas.

"Say OK" was released as the second single from album on January 12, 2007, and was sent to US mainstream radio two months later, on March 27, 2007. The track was comparatively less commercially successful than the album's previous single, peaking at number 61 on the *Billboard* Hot 100. There are two versions of music video, the first version takes place on the High School Musical: The Concert Tour in Seattle, Washington. While the second officially released version, featuring Zac Efron, has gathered over 180 million views on YouTube.

"Let's Dance" was released as a promo single only in the United States. The song was released digitally on September 25, 2007. The live version of the song recorded during the *High School Musical* tour was used for promotion. The song was also used on *Dancing with the Stars* on US network ABC. The song failed to enter the *Billboard* Hot 100.

### Promotion

There were different editions issued, each containing thirteen or fourteen tracks with varying bonus tracks. A twelve-track version was then released internationally on November 28, 2006. The CD was then released on January 17, 2007, in Japan (sixteen tracks) and on March 17, 2007, in Australia (twelve tracks).

The album was re-released again in a limited Deluxe edition format, released in Japan, Malaysia, and Taiwan. The song "Let's Dance" was included in a Wii game, called *We Cheer 2*.

Hudgens promoted the album when opening for the Cheetah Girls during their The Party's Just Begun Tour. She also promoted her album on the High School Musical: The Concert tour, regularly singing "Say OK". Hudgens performed "Come Back to Me", "Say OK" and "Let's Dance" in the concert. She also performed various songs off the album on her Identified Summer Tour which also promoted her second studio album *Identified*.

## Reception

### Critical reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *Digital Spy* |  |
| *MSN Music* |  |
| *Rolling Stone* |  |

Upon its release, *V* received generally positive reviews from most music critics. Mentioned in *Identified* review, Heather Phares praised the album "was her first step toward a less overtly Disney-affiliated career: released by the studio's Hollywood label, it used Christina Aguilera's soulful pop as a template; even if its songs were a bit faceless, they had surprisingly sophisticated production values." She noted that Hudgens "sings about love, dancing, and hanging with her girls" and repeated again in *Identified*, "the production outclasses the songs and the singing".

Nate Cavalieri of *Rhapsody Music* said: "This collection of pop and sugary R&B keeps the messages squeaky clean, even with hints that she is willing to break your shyness. The singles are well built and the best are "Come Back to Me" dancing to "Let's Dance" and a dedication surprisingly emotive long-distance, "Afraid".

Common Sense Media's Tony Whittum said: "The first album Hudgens is well positioned to win the approval of the teen market. Her 12 relatively simple, romantic and sweet pop songs about boys, hanging out with friends, dancing, female power and tribulations of a very young life are delivered with the latest plain, recycled, computer programmed beats and hip-hop." He further added, "Hudgens is strong, stable and comfortable in the medium, as when she is singing a dance song "Let's Dance" and pop rock "Never Underestimate a Girl." Otherwise, your voice can range from the diminutive and shy the strident edge. With her voice and her musical talent mature, it would be nice to see Hudgens take more risks and produce something more original. Then, as their audience matures, they will not leave it behind".

The album was nominated as #7 on "Album of The Year" by *Billboard* Readers' Choice.

### Chart performance

*V* debuted on the US *Billboard* 200 in early October 2006 at number twenty-four on the chart, with 34,000 copies sold in its first week. The album dropped off the *Billboard* 200 after thirty-two weeks on the chart. On February 27, 2007, the album was certified gold in the US for shipments to retailers of 500,000 copies. The album was certified platinum in Argentina for sales of 8,000 copies, under DVD category. As of April 2008, the album has sold 570,000 copies in the US.

## Track listing

V  Standard edition
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Producer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Come Back to Me" | Antonina Armato, Tim James, Peter Beckett, J.C. Crowley | Armato, James | 2:47 |
| 2. | "Let Go" | Andrew Bojanic, Elizabeth Hooper, Ivy Levan | Wizards of Oz | 2:48 |
| 3. | "Say OK" | Arnthor Birgisson, Savan Kotecha | Arnthor | 3:41 |
| 4. | "Never Underestimate a Girl" | Matthew Gerrard, Robbie Nevil | Gerrard, Nevil | 3:01 |
| 5. | "Let's Dance" | Gerrard, Jonas Jeberg, Bridget Benenate | Gerrard, Jay Jay | 2:52 |
| 6. | "Drive" | Leah Haywood, David Norland | Norland, Daniel James, Haywood | 3:25 |
| 7. | "Afraid" | D. James, Haywood, Bradley Spalter | D. James, Haywood | 3:17 |
| 8. | "Promise" | D. James, Haywood, Shelly Peiken | D. James, Haywood | 3:16 |
| 9. | "Whatever Will Be" | Kotecha, Carl Falk, Jake Schulze | Kent Larsson, AJ Junior | 3:47 |
| 10. | "Rather Be with You" | Bojanic, Hooper, Levan | Wizards of Oz | 3:33 |
| 11. | "Psychic" | Johnny Vieira | Vieira | 3:01 |
| 12. | "Lose Your Love" | Vieira | Vieira | 3:01 |
| Total length: | | | | 38:28 |

V  Asian deluxe edition (bonus tracks)
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Producer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 13. | "Too Emotional" | Armato, T. James, Scappa | Armato, T. James | 2:50 |
| 14. | "Drip Drop" | Alex Cantrall | Cantrall | 3:37 |
| 15. | "Don't Talk" | Armato, T. James, Scappa | Armato, T. James | 2:37 |
| 16. | "Make You Mine" | Gerrard, Kara DioGuardi | Gerrard | 3:38 |
| 17. | "Come Back to Me" (Chris Cox Remix Radio Mix) | Armato, T. James | Armato, T. James, Beckett, Crowley | 4:23 |
| 18. | "Come Back to Me" (Chris Cox Remix Club Mix) | Armato, T. James | Armato, T. James, Beckett, Crowley | 9:26 |
| Total length: | | | | 65:04 |

V  Asian deluxe edition (bonus DVD)
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Come Back to Me" (music video) | 2:49 |
| 2. | "Say OK" (Music video) | 3:39 |
| 3. | "Come Back to Me" (music video; live version) | 2:56 |
| 4. | "Say OK" (Music video; live version) | 3:28 |
| 5. | "Vanessa Hudgens Interview" | 3:08 |
| Total length: | | 16:00 |

### Notes

* The tracks "Let Go", "Afraid" and "Whatever Will Be" are covers of songs originally performed by Raffish, Melissa Schuman, and Tammin Sursok respectively.
* Due to the large amount of editions released for this album that contain slight differences from each other throughout releases, only the Asian deluxe edition has been listed aside from the standard edition, due to the release encompassing all of the bonus tracks and included videos released from all available editions.
* In total, *V* has 8 editions, the standard edition, the digital store edition with a bonus video, the Best Buy edition, the Target edition, the Walmart limited edition with a bonus download for "Drip Drop", the international digital special edition, the Japan standard edition, and the Asian deluxe edition.

## Personnel

## Charts

## Certifications and sales

Certifications and sales for *V*
| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Argentina (CAPIF) | Platinum | 8,000^ |
| Brazil |  | 10,000 |
| United States (RIAA) | Gold | 570,000 |
| ^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

## Release history

Release history and formats for *V*
| Region | Date | Label |
| --- | --- | --- |
| United States | September 26, 2006 | Hollywood |
| Brazil | October 30, 2006 | Universal Music |
| Italy | December 1, 2006 | EMI |
| United Kingdom | December 4, 2006 | Angel |
| Japan | January 17, 2007 | Avex Music Creative |
| Germany | February 9, 2007 | EMI |
| Asia (deluxe) | August 22, 2007 | EMI, Avex Music Creative |

## Notes

1. "V: Vanessa Hudgens". *Amazon*. Retrieved 2012-06-05.
2. "American album certifications – Vanessa Hudgens – V". Recording Industry Association of America. February 27, 2007. Retrieved October 3, 2023.
3. "Interest In Cyrus' Music Continues Amid Photo Scandal". *Billboard*. April 30, 2008. Archived from the original on September 28, 2017. Retrieved September 28, 2017.
4. "2007:Year in Music". *Billboard*. Archived from the original on June 21, 2008. Retrieved 2009-04-23. by *Billboard*
5. Vanessa Hudgens - Biography
6. "Vanessa Hudgens - Jovem Pan FM". Jovempanfm.virgula.uol.com.br. Archived from the original on 2012-05-06. Retrieved 2012-03-13.
7. Chapman, Madison M. (November 7, 2006). "Vanessa Hudgens Goes Solo". *Time for Kids*. Time Inc. Archived from the original on 2010-03-08. Retrieved 2008-07-12.
8. ""Come back to me", in various singles charts, on Acharts.com". Acharts.us. 2006-01-25. Retrieved 2012-06-05.
9. Steffen Hung. ""Come back to me", in various singles charts, on". Lescharts.com. Retrieved 2012-06-05.
10. "Review". *Amazon*. Retrieved 2012-06-05.
11. The single is massive hit on Brazil. Say OK - Vanessa Hudgens
12. "iTunes - Music - Let's Dance (Live) - Single by Vanessa Hudgens". Itunes.apple.com. 2007-09-25. Retrieved 2012-03-13.
13. amazon.jp. "V Deluxe Edition". Amazon. Retrieved 2012-06-05.
14. "Namco Bandai Games Announces Full Roster of Songs for We Cheer 2". Archived from the original on June 27, 2009. Retrieved July 29, 2009.
15. Disney. "High School Musical The Concert". Disney. Archived from the original on 2008-07-21. Retrieved 2008-07-20.
16. "V - Vanessa Hudgens : Songs, Reviews, Credits, Awards". *AllMusic*. 2006-09-26. Retrieved 2012-06-05.
17. "V by Vanessa Hudgens on MSN Music". Music.msn.com. 2006-09-26. Archived from the original on 2012-06-09. Retrieved 2012-06-05.
18. Phares, Heather (2008-06-24). "Identified - Vanessa Hudgens : Songs, Reviews, Credits, Awards". *AllMusic*. Retrieved 2012-06-05.
19. Ncavalieri (2006-09-26). "V : Vanessa Hudgens". Rhapsody. Retrieved 2012-03-13.
20. "Kids Music - Music Reviews". Common Sense Media. Archived from the original on 2012-07-30. Retrieved 2012-03-13.
21. Billboard. "Billboard Best Album Readers' Choice". *Billboard*. Archived from the original on 2008-06-21. Retrieved 2008-07-24.
22. Hasty, Katie (October 4, 2006). "Ludacris Scores Third No. 1 With 'Release Therapy'". *Billboard*. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. Retrieved 2008-07-24.
23. "Discos de Oro y Platino" (in Spanish). Argentine Chamber of Phonograms and Videograms Producers. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved October 16, 2008.
24. "Amazon.co.jp： ブイ デラックス・エディション(DVD付): ヴァネッサ・ハジェンズ: 音楽". Amazon.co.jp. 2010-05-06. Retrieved 2010-06-05.
25. "Vanessa Hudgens: V (Amazon Digital MP3 Album Edition)". *amazon.com*. Retrieved 13 Sep 2024.
26. "V ( 1 Bonus Track) by Vanessa Hudgens for sale online".
27. "V". *Amazon*.
28. "V". *Spotify*.
29. "Argentine Albums Chart (February 25 - March 03, 2007)". *CAPIF*. allcharts.org. Archived from the original on 20 March 2007. Retrieved 5 June 2024.
30. "Albums: Top 100 (For The Week Ending 19 October, 2006)". *Jam!*. Sun Media. October 15, 2006. Archived from the original on October 25, 2006. Retrieved December 4, 2013.
31. "Lescharts.com – Vanessa Hudgens – V". Hung Medien. Retrieved 10 October 2009.
32. "Irish-charts.com – Discography Vanessa Hudgens". Hung Medien. Retrieved June 25, 2023.
33. "Italiancharts.com – Vanessa Hudgens – V". Hung Medien. Retrieved 10 October 2009.
34. "ヴァネッサ・ハジェンズ-リリース-ORICON STYLE ミュージック". *Oricon* (in Japanese). June 25, 2008. Archived from the original on August 24, 2017. Retrieved December 4, 2013.
35. "Charts.nz – Vanessa Hudgens – V". Hung Medien. Retrieved 10 October 2009.
36. "Official Scottish Albums Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 23 July 2020.
37. "Official Albums Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 23 July 2020.
38. "Vanessa Hudgens Chart History (*Billboard* 200)". *Billboard*. Retrieved 29 November 2011.
39. "Top Billboard 200 – Issue Date: 2007". *Billboard*. Prometheus Global Media. Archived from the original on 23 September 2011. Retrieved 9 November 2015.
40. Lichote, Leonardo (May 3, 2007). "Na onda de 'High School musical', CDs da Disney ignoram crise, e cantores fazem show no Brasil" (in Portuguese). Grupo Globo. Retrieved January 11, 2023.
41. "Ｖ". Billboard Japan. Retrieved 2015-02-27.
42. "V: Vanessa Hudgens: Amazon.de: Musik". Amazon.de. 2009-09-09. Retrieved 2012-06-05.

## InfoBox

| V | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Vanessa Hudgens | |
| Released | September 26, 2006 (2006-09-26) |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 38:28 |
| Label | Hollywood |
| Producer |  |
| Vanessa Hudgens chronology | |
| ***V***
(2006) *Identified*
(2008) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *V* | |
| 1. "Come Back to Me"
Released: September 12, 2006 2. "Say OK"
Released: March 27, 2007 | |
|  | |


title: Vale of Teith F.C.

abstract: Vale of Teith Football Club was an association football club from Doune in Perthshire, Scotland.

text:
# Vale of Teith F.C.

**Vale of Teith Football Club** was an association football club from Doune in Perthshire, Scotland.

## History

Vale of Teith was founded in 1877 and took its name from the river flowing through the town.

The club's first competitive fixtures came in the Scottish Cup; the Vale first entered in 1878–79, and beat Clifton & Strathfillan in the first round, but lost to Rob Roy of Callander in the next. As the early rounds of the Cup were drawn on a regional basis, and the Perthshire entry was restricted to four clubs, the same fixtures came out of the hat in 1879–80 and the Vale again lost to Rob Roy in the second round.

The Vale's best run in the competition came in 1881–82, when it reached the fifth round, gaining revenge over Rob Roy with a six-goal win. In the fifth (last 16), the Vale was drawn at home to Shotts, but lost 5–0, going behind after four minutes, turning around 3–0 down at half-time, and conceding two M'Laughlan goals in the second half, which completed his hat-trick.

The Vale nearly equalled that feat in 1882–83, losing 3–2 at home to Hurlford in the fourth round.

The club played in the first Perthshire Cup final against Dunblane in 1884–85, held at Fair City Athletic's ground at Hillyland. A Stokes goal after four minutes gave the Vale the lead; an apparent goal from a M'Ewan corner was disallowed on the basis that the ball had gone straight in from the kick, which at the time was not permitted, despite the Vale claiming that the ball had deflected in off MacPherson of Dunblane. M'Ewan and Robertson put the Vale 3–0 up after 20 minutes, but Dunblane scored three times in the first 20 minutes of the second half, and Laidlaw scored the winner for the Heather with eight minutes to go. The Vale's protest against the disallowing of the MacPherson "goal" was disallowed.

The following season saw the side gain its biggest Scottish Cup win, 9–1 over Oban in the first round of the Scottish Cup (as well as having two goals disallowed), but the club lost 8–1 in the third round at Dundee Harp, the home side having three goals disallowed. The club scratched from the Perthshire Cup tie in 1885–86 against Dunblane because of a snowstorm, albeit one factor might have been a 9–1 defeat to the Heather in friendly the month before.,

The club seemed then to go into stasis until 1890, being formally struck off the Scottish Football Association register before the 1886–87 season for non-payment of subscriptions, and again from 1896 to 1898. During its brief period of competition at the start of the 1890s, the club earned its biggest competitive win, 10–1 against Comrie in the first round of the Perthshire Cup in 1892–93, scoring six times in the second half despite losing Neil through injury at the interval. Although the club entered the Perthshire Cup from 1893 to 1894 to 1895–96, the only match it played in the competition in that period was an 8–2 defeat at home to St Johnstone in 1895.

### Revival

The club fell into abeyance once more after the St Johnstone defeat. It was formally revived at the start of 1898, although it did not play competitively until 1901.

The Vale's final run from 1901 to 1907 was its most competitive at a local level, reaching the Perthshire Cup final in 1902–03, 1906–07, and 1907–08, although it never won through the Scottish Qualifying Cup into the Scottish Cup again. The closest the club came to winning the Perthshire Cup was in its penultimate final, losing 1–0 after extra time to St Johnstone in a third replay held at Turretbridge Park in Crieff; the Saints had missed a penalty in the second.

The club's last Perthshire Cup Final, in which the club put in an unexpectedly poor performance, and was beaten 5–1 by St Johnstone, was the club's final competitive match.

### Doune Castle

By the late 1900s, the club's finances were so poor that, at the end of the 1907–08 season, the local amateur dramatic society donated £5 2s surplus from a play to the club. The club also asked the Perthshire FA for a share in the proceeds of the 1908 Cup final, which was refused.

The only route out was to re-start the club under the new name **Doune Castle**. At the start of the 1908–09 season, the Perthshire FA accepted the new club as a member. Under that name, the club finally won its only trophy; the 1908–09 Perthshire Consolation Cup, for clubs eliminated from the main cup before the final, beating Breadalbane 1–0 "after a dour struggle" at St Johnstone's Recreation Park.

The next season, the club was drawn at home to Scone in the third round of the competition in 1909–10, and was not expected to have much difficulty with the visitors; however, Scone scored twice in the first five minutes, half-back Tunnoch was sent off just after half-time following a "dispute" with Scone goalkeeper Macpherson, and the Castle goalkeeper Allan was forced to go off with injury. Scone eventually won 4–0; Tunnoch was banned for the season and Doune Castle ordered to pay Scone railway fares, failing which the club would be suspended. That indeed seems to have been the club's final match.

## Colours

The club's colours were royal blue jerseys with white knickers and 1" blue and white striped hose.

The club was forced to re-play a Perthshire Cup tie with the Vale of Allan club from Kinbuck in 1885 because of a protest about the lack of uniformity in the Teith outfits - two players wearing a dark blue, and Ferguson wearing blue and white stripes - even though there was no clash with the Allan.

## Ground

The club originally played at Tullochan Knowe. Before the 1903–04 season the club moved to Moray Park.

## Notable players

## InfoBox

Vale of Teith
| Full name | Vale of Teith Football Club |
| --- | --- |
| Nickname(s) | the Vale |
| Founded | 1877 |
| Dissolved | 1910 |
| Ground | Tullochan Knowe |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Valentine de Milan

abstract: Valentine de Milan is an opera by the French composer Étienne Méhul with a libretto by Jean-Nicolas Bouilly. It takes the form of a drame lyrique in three acts. Méhul began work on the score in 1807, revising it in 1815, but it was left incomplete when he died in 1817. His nephew Joseph Daussoigne-Méhul finished the opera, adding five numbers, and it premiered at the Opéra-Comique, Paris on 28 November 1822, five years after Méhul's death. At the end of the performance, a bust of Méhul was brought on stage and crowned with flowers and laurel wreaths to the acclamation of the audience. The opera was a success and there were frequent performances until 1825, when it disappeared from the Opéra-Comique's repertory. Louis Spohr staged a German version in Kassel in 1824.

text:
# Valentine de Milan

***Valentine de Milan*** (*Valentina of Milan*) is an opera by the French composer Étienne Méhul with a libretto by Jean-Nicolas Bouilly. It takes the form of a *drame lyrique* in three acts. Méhul began work on the score in 1807, revising it in 1815, but it was left incomplete when he died in 1817. His nephew Joseph Daussoigne-Méhul finished the opera, adding five numbers, and it premiered at the Opéra-Comique, Paris on 28 November 1822, five years after Méhul's death. At the end of the performance, a bust of Méhul was brought on stage and crowned with flowers and laurel wreaths to the acclamation of the audience. The opera was a success and there were frequent performances until 1825, when it disappeared from the Opéra-Comique's repertory. Louis Spohr staged a German version in Kassel in 1824.

## Roles

| Role | Voice type | Premiere Cast |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Jean Galéas, Viscomti, *Grand Duke of Milan* | basse-taille (bass-baritone) | Mr Darancourt |
| Valentine, *the Grand Duke's only daughter* | soprano | Mme Paul (also called Paul-Michu) |
| Louis de France, *brother of Charles VI, King of France* | haute-contre | Auguste Huet |
| Olivier de Clisson, *Constable of France, head of the allies against the Milanese* | basse-taille | Eugène Dessessarts |
| Sire-Albert, *a famous doctor, friend and confidant of Prince Louis* | basse taille | Mr Leclerc |
| Urbain Galéas, *nephew of the Grand Duke* | taille (baritenor)/haute-contre | Alexis Dupont |
| The Duke of Florence, *ally of the Grand Duke* | basse taille | Jean-Pierre Louvet |
| The Duke of Ferrara, *ally of the Grand Duke* | basse-taille | François Louis Ferdinand Deshayes, called 'Henri' |
| Laurencia, *a pharmacist, aged fifty, retired to a village* | soprano | Marie Desbrosses |
| An unknown man | mute role | Mr Gregoire |
| First squire of Prince Louis | spoken | Mr Allair |
| First squire of the duke | spoken | Mr Mada |
| Chorus: *French and Swiss soldiers; lords and ladies; Milanese and Flemish soldiers; male and female villagers* | | |
|

## Synopsis

The setting is Milan and its environs in the late 14th century. The subject is the love of Valentina Visconti, daughter of Duke Gian Galeazzo of Milan, and Louis of Orléans, younger brother of King Charles VI of France. Valentina wants to marry Louis, but her father is at war with the French and so he has nothing but hatred for him. However, the French beat the Milanese and Valentina persuades Gian Galeazzo to accept the peace Louis offers, in spite of the fierce opposition of the Dukes of Florence and Ferrara, both in love with Valentina themselves. In the second act, the two sides are about to sign the peace treaty when Louis is shot by an unknown hand. Clisson, Constable of France, blames Gian Galeazzo for the assassination attempt and war almost breaks out again. Valentina disguises herself as a shepherdess and fetches the old pharmacist Laurencia, who saves Louis' life. Gian Galeazzo appears in Louis' tent and offers to hand over his sword in response to his accusers. However, the real assassin is arrested and found to be an agent of the Duke of Burgundy. Valentina's identity is revealed and she declares her love for Louis. The couple are married.

## Sources

* Printed score: *Valentine de Milan//Opéra en 3 Actes,//Paroles de J. N. Bouilly//Musique de//Méhul...*, Paris, Schlesinger, s.d. (accessible for free online at Gallica - B.N.F.)
* Adélaïde de Place *Étienne Nicolas Méhul* (Bleu Nuit Éditeur, 2005)
* Arthur Pougin *Méhul: sa vie, son génie, son caractère* (Fischbacher, 1889)
* General introduction to Méhul's operas in the introduction to the edition of *Stratonice* by M. Elizabeth C. Bartlet (Pendragon Press, 1997)


title: Vadugapatti, Erode

abstract: Valanjiyapatti also known as Vadugapatti, is a panchayat town in Erode district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The famous Rajendran Matric Higher Secondary School, in Vadugapatti, is located on Arachalur to/fro Thamaraipalayam road in between Arachalur and Vilakkethi road junction.

text:
# Vadugapatti, Erode

**Valanjiyapatti** also known as Vadugapatti, is a panchayat town in Erode district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.

The famous Rajendran Matric Higher Secondary School, in Vadugapatti, is located on Arachalur to/fro Thamaraipalayam road in between Arachalur and Vilakkethi road junction.

## Demographics

As of 2001 India census, Vadugapatti had a population of 10,919. Males constitute 50% of the population and females 50%. Vadugapatti has an average literacy rate of 58%, lower than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 66%, and female literacy is 49%. In Vadugapatti, 8% of the population is under 6 years of age.

## InfoBox

| Valanjiyapatti | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
| ValanjiyapattiLocation in Tamil Nadu, India | |
| Coordinates: 11°10′04″N 77°43′41″E / 11.16778°N 77.72806°E / 11.16778; 77.72806 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Tamil Nadu |
| District | Erode |
| Named for | Education(Rajendran Matric Hr.sec School) |
| Population (2001) | |
| Total | 10,919 |
| Languages | |
| Official | Tamil |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |


title: Valje

abstract: Valje is a bimunicipal locality divided by Bromölla Municipality, Skåne County and Sölvesborg Municipality, Blekinge County in Sweden. It had 823 inhabitants in 2010. The small river Sissebäck makes up the border between the municipalities. The greater part is in Scania, with about 10% of the population in Blekinge.

text:
# Valje

**Valje** (Swedish pronunciation: \[ˈvâlːjɛ\]) is a bimunicipal locality divided by Bromölla Municipality, Skåne County and Sölvesborg Municipality, Blekinge County in Sweden. It had 823 inhabitants in 2010. The small river *Sissebäck* makes up the border between the municipalities. The greater part is in Scania, with about 10% of the population in Blekinge.

## InfoBox

| Valje | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| ValjeValjeValje | |
| Coordinates: 56°03′N 14°34′E / 56.050°N 14.567°E / 56.050; 14.567 | |
| Country | Sweden |
| Province | Skåne and
Blekinge |
| County | Skåne County and
Blekinge County |
| Municipality | Bromölla Municipality and
Sölvesborg Municipality |
| Area | |
| Total | 0.89 km2 (0.34 sq mi) |
| Population (31 December 2010) | |
| Total | 823 |
| Density | 921/km2 (2,390/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: V (jj album)

abstract: V is the third studio album by Swedish indie pop band JJ. It was announced by Secretly Canadian on May 29, 2014, and was released on August 19, 2014, in collaboration with Sincerely Yours. The album was made available for streaming through NPR on August 4, two weeks before the release date. A music video for the song "All White Everything" was released on June 11, 2014. The music video was directed by Olivia Kastebring and featured the band members inside a mental hospital.

text:
# V (jj album)

Professional ratings
| Aggregate scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AnyDecentMusic? | 5.4/10 |
| Metacritic | 66/100 |
| Review scores | |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *Consequence of Sound* | C− |
| *Exclaim!* | 7/10 |
| *MusicOMH* |  |
| *NME* | 5/10 |
| *Pitchfork* | 6.7/10 |
| *Slant Magazine* |  |
| *The Sydney Morning Herald* |  |
| *Under the Radar* | 5/10 |
| *Wondering Sound* |  |

***V*** is the third studio album by Swedish indie pop band JJ. It was announced by Secretly Canadian on May 29, 2014, and was released on August 19, 2014, in collaboration with Sincerely Yours. The album was made available for streaming through NPR on August 4, two weeks before the release date.

A music video for the song "All White Everything" was released on June 11, 2014. The music video was directed by Olivia Kastebring and featured the band members inside a mental hospital.

## Track listing

All tracks are written by JJ (Joakim Benon and Elin Kastlander)

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "V" | 1:01 |
| 2. | "Dynasti" | 3:15 |
| 3. | "Dean & Me" | 3:55 |
| 4. | "All White Everything" | 4:19 |
| 5. | "When I Need You" | 4:31 |
| 6. | "Fågelsången" | 3:33 |
| 7. | "Full" | 4:04 |
| 8. | "Innerlight" | 4:18 |
| 9. | "Hold Me" | 4:17 |
| 10. | "I" | 3:54 |
| 11. | "Be Here Now" | 2:58 |
| 12. | "All Ways, Always" | 4:13 |
| Total length: | | 44:18 |

## InfoBox

| V | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by JJ | |
| Released | 19 August 2014 (2014-08-19) |
| Genre | Indie pop |
| Length | 44:18 |
| Label |  |
| Producer | JJ |
| JJ chronology | |
| *Kills*
(2010) ***V***
(2014) | |


title: Anarkali Marikar

abstract: Anarkali Marikar is an Indian actress who appears predominantly in Malayalam films.

text:
# Anarkali Marikar

**Anarkali Marikar** is an Indian actress who appears predominantly in Malayalam films.

## Early life

Anarkali was born to Nias Marikar and Lali P. M. Her father is a photographer and mother is an actress. She has an elder sister named Lakshmi Marikar, who was a former child actor in the Malayalam film *No. 1 Snehatheeram Bangalore North*. Anarkali completed her degree in Mass communication from Mar Ivanios College in Thiruvananthapuram. She was offered the role in her debut film *Aanandam* through its cinematographer Anend C. Chandran, a friend to her sister.

## Career

Anarkali made her film debut in 2016 with the teenage romantic-comedy *Aanandam*, in a supporting role. Her second film *Vimaanam* (2017) featured Prithviraj Sukumaran in the lead role, and was directed by debutante Pradeep Nair. After that, she was cast in a leading role in *Amala*, directed by debutante Nishad Ebrahim.

In 2018, she played Devika opposite Asif Ali in *Mandharam*. In 2019, she appeared in debutante director Manu Ashokan's *Uyare*, along with Parvathy Thiruvothu, Tovino Thomas and Asif Ali. Manu, who had previously worked with Anarkali in *Vimaanam* as an associate director, cast her in the movie seeing her performance. Her role as Sariya D'Costa, a friend of protagonist Pallavi (Parvathy), was critically acclaimed. She has also done a guest role in *Marconi Mathai* directed by debutante Sanil Kalathil. Starring Jayaram and Vijay Sethupathi.

## Filmography

Key
|  | Denotes films that have not yet been released |
| --- | --- |

*All films are in Malayalam language unless otherwise noted.*

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2016 | *Aanandam* | Darshana |  |
| 2017 | *Vimaanam* | Gauri |  |
| 2018 | *Mandaram* | Devika |  |
| 2019 | *Uyare* | Sariya D'Costa |  |
| | *Marconi Mathai* | Herself | Cameo Appearance |
| 2022 | *Priyan Ottathilanu* | Jia |  |
| 2023 | *B 32 Muthal* *44 Vare* | Ziya |  |
| | *Sulaikha Manzil* | Haala |  |
| | *Janaki Jaane* | Maria |  |
| | *Amala* | Sherin |  |
| | *Kirkkan* | Rachel |  |
| 2024 | *Mandakini* | Ambili |  |
| | *Gaganachari* | Aliyaamma |  |
|

## InfoBox

| Anarkali Marikar | |
| --- | --- |
| Anarkali in June 2024 | |
| Born | Kochi, Kerala, India |
| Nationality | Indian |
| Alma mater | Mar Ivanios College, Thiruvananthapuram |
| Occupation | Actress |
| Years active | 2016–present |
| Parents | * Nias Marikar * Lali P. M. |
| Relatives | Lakshmi Marikar (sister) |


title: Vaia Dirva

abstract: Vaia Dirva is a retired Greek female volleyball player, who played as a middle blocker. She was part of the Greece women's national volleyball team at the 2002 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship in Germany. On club level, she played most notably for Olympiacos.

text:
# Vaia Dirva

**Vaia Dirva**  (born 22 April 1977) is a retired Greek female volleyball player, who played as a middle blocker. She was part of the Greece women's national volleyball team at the 2002 FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship in Germany. On club level, she played most notably for Olympiacos.

1. "Vaia Dirva - Greece". *fivb.ch*. Retrieved 29 November 2016.
2. Vaia Dirva at *CEV*

## InfoBox

| Vaia Dirva | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Nationality | Greek |
| Born | (1977-04-22) 22 April 1977 |
| Height | 1.88 m (6 ft 2 in) |
| Volleyball information | |
| Position | middle blocker |
| Career | |
| Years Teams  2000-2004
2008-2009 EA Larisas
Olympiacos | |
| National team | |
| Greece | |


title: Vacuum chamber

abstract: A vacuum chamber is a rigid enclosure from which air and other gases are removed by a vacuum pump. This results in a low-pressure environment within the chamber, commonly referred to as a vacuum. A vacuum environment allows researchers to conduct physical experiments or to test mechanical devices which must operate in outer space or for processes such as vacuum drying or vacuum coating. Chambers are typically made of metals which may or may not shield applied external magnetic fields depending on wall thickness, frequency, resistivity, and permeability of the material used. Only some materials are suitable for vacuum use. Chambers often have multiple ports, covered with vacuum flanges, to allow instruments or windows to be installed in the walls of the chamber. In low to medium-vacuum applications, these are sealed with elastomer o-rings. In higher vacuum applications, the flanges have knife edges machined onto them, which cut into a copper gasket when the flange is bolted on. A type of vacuum chamber frequently used in the field of spacecraft engineering is a thermal vacuum chamber, which provides a thermal environment representing what a spacecraft would experience in space.

text:
# Vacuum chamber

A **vacuum chamber** is a rigid enclosure from which air and other gases are removed by a vacuum pump. This results in a low-pressure environment within the chamber, commonly referred to as a vacuum. A vacuum environment allows researchers to conduct physical experiments or to test mechanical devices which must operate in outer space (for example) or for processes such as vacuum drying or vacuum coating. Chambers are typically made of metals which may or may not shield applied external magnetic fields depending on wall thickness, frequency, resistivity, and permeability of the material used. Only some materials are suitable for vacuum use.

Chambers often have multiple ports, covered with vacuum flanges, to allow instruments or windows to be installed in the walls of the chamber. In low to medium-vacuum applications, these are sealed with elastomer o-rings. In higher vacuum applications, the flanges have knife edges machined onto them, which cut into a copper gasket when the flange is bolted on.

A type of vacuum chamber frequently used in the field of spacecraft engineering is a thermal vacuum chamber, which provides a thermal environment representing what a spacecraft would experience in space.

## Vacuum chamber materials

Vacuum chambers can be constructed of many materials. "Metals are arguably the most prevalent vacuum chamber materials." The strength, pressure, and permeability are considerations for selecting chamber material. Common materials are:

* Stainless Steel
* Aluminum
* Mild Steel
* Brass
* High density ceramic
* Glass
* Acrylic
* Hardened steel

## Vacuum degassing

"Vacuum is the process of using vacuum to remove gases from compounds which become entrapped in the mixture when mixing the components." To assure a bubble-free mold when mixing resin and silicone rubbers and slower-setting harder resins, a vacuum chamber is required. A small vacuum chamber is needed for de-airing (eliminating air bubbles) for materials prior to their setting. The process is fairly straightforward. The casting or molding material is mixed according to the manufacturers directions.

### Process

Since the material may expand 4–5 times under a vacuum, the mixing container must be large enough to hold a volume of four to five times the amount of the original material that is being vacuumed to allow for the expansion; if not, it will spill over the top of the container requiring clean-up that can be avoided. The material container is then placed into the vacuum chamber; a vacuum pump is connected and turned on. Once the vacuum reaches 29 inches (at sea level) of mercury, the material will begin to rise (resembling foam). When the material falls, it will plateau and stop rising. The vacuuming is continued for another 2 to 3 minutes to make certain all of the air has been removed from the material. Once this interval is reached, the vacuum pump is shut off and the vacuum chamber release valve is opened to equalize air pressure. The vacuum chamber is opened, the material is removed and is ready to pour into the mold.

Though a maximum vacuum one can theoretically achieve at sea level is 29.921 inches of mercury (Hg,) this will vary significantly as altitude increases. For example, in Denver, Colorado, at one mile (1.6 km) above sea level, it is only possible to achieve a vacuum on the mercury scale of 24.896 Hg.

To keep the material air-free, it must be slowly poured in a high and narrow stream starting from the corner of the mold box, or mold, letting the material flow freely into the box or mold cavity. Usually, this method will not introduce any new bubbles into the vacuumed material. To ensure that the material is totally devoid of air bubbles, the entire mold/mold box may be placed in the chamber for an additional few minutes; this will assist the material in flowing into difficult areas of the mold/mold box.

## Vacuum drying

Water and other liquids may accumulate on a product during the production process. "Vacuum is often employed as a process for removing bulk and absorbed water (or other solvents) from a product. Combined with heat, vacuum can be an effective method for drying."

## World's largest vacuum chamber

NASA's Space Power Facility houses the world's largest vacuum chamber. It was built in 1969 and stands 122 feet (37 m) high and 100 feet (30 m) in diameter, enclosing a bullet-shaped space. It was originally commissioned for nuclear-electric power studies under vacuum conditions, but was later decommissioned. Recently, it was recommissioned for use in testing spacecraft propulsion systems. Recent uses include testing the airbag landing systems for the Mars Pathfinder and the Mars Exploration Rovers, Spirit and Opportunity, under simulated Mars atmospheric conditions.

Each arm of the LIGO detectors in Livingston, Louisiana, and Hanford, Washington, is a vacuum chamber 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) long, making them the longest vacuum chambers in the world.


title: Vallard atlas

abstract: The Vallard Atlas is a world atlas, one of the Dieppe school of maps, produced in 1547. It is believed to have been owned by Nicolas Vallard, its authorship being unknown.

text:
# Vallard atlas

The **Vallard Atlas** is a world atlas, one of the Dieppe school of maps, produced in 1547. It is believed to have been owned by Nicolas Vallard, its authorship being unknown.

## History

It is considered one of the most notable 16th-century atlases of the Dieppe school of Cartography. It is believed that Nicholas Vallard was the first owner and this is why the publication bears his name

The atlas is held at the Huntington Library based in San Marino, California, USA.

## Description

The atlas consists of 68 pages, and contains 15 nautical charts with rich illustrations as well as a calendar and some in-depth maritime information. The atlas contains numerous illuminations that show the New World’s inhabitants, and this is why it is considered a valuable testimony of discovery. The original publication is bound in crimson leather with golden decorations.

The maps depicted in the atlas are inverted compared to modern depictions, as the North Pole is placed on the bottom side of the atlas while the South Pole is placed on the top.

There is some speculation that like some other works of the Dieppe school of maps, the atlas may show the Australian coastline with its depiction of a continent labelled Jave la Grande, which would mean it was created before the documented discoveries of Willem Janszoon or James Cook. However, most historians do not accept this theory, and the interpretation of this feature of the Vallard and other Dieppe maps is highly contentious.


title: Vamos

abstract: Vamos is a small town and former municipality in the Chania regional unit, Crete, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform "Kallikratis" it is a municipal unit, part of the municipality of Apokoronas, serving as its historical capital. It is situated on a small hill at an altitude of 190 metres above sea level, about 25 kilometres from Chania. In Vamos, one can find several restaurants, snack bars and shops in the village, as well as many public services, such as a fully equipped health center, schools, police station and the regional court for the regions of Apokoronas and Sfakia. The village is said to have been founded by Arab invaders during the 8th century, which sought refuge in Crete after being expelled from Andalusia. The first official record of the name (Vamo/Vamu) is found on a map of 1577 made by Francesco Barozzi, and according to the Venetian census of 1583 it had 271 inhabitants. The village followed the fate of the rest of Western Crete when the Ottomans invaded the broader area of Apokoronas in 1646 and remained relatively small until the mid-19th century. According to the Egyptian census of 1834, it is mentioned as Vamos, being inhabited by 30 Christian and 15 Muslim families. Due to its strategic position over the main road from Chania to Rethimno and Heraklion, the village became the seat of a municipality in 1881, and in 1866 Vamos was chosen by Savva Paşa as the capital of the Liva (District) of Sfakia. Within the next years, the village went through a period of increased development, which saw the construction of new public buildings with neoclassical elements, such as the Governorate (Konak/Seray), the Ottoman barracks, water tanks and schools, among which the famous Parthenagogio, which today functions as a municipal hostel. Most of the judicial, political, and military authorities of the broader area were seated in the village. Therefore it is often found in public documents of the era as Saraylıköy, which means "the village with the palace." For exactly the same reason, the village repeatedly became the target of Christian revolutionaries during the numerous Cretan revolts of the 19th century. Many of its buildings suffered great damage during the revolt of 1878, which were restored by Mahmut Paşa in 1892. One of the most renown events, however, is the siege and fall of Vamos to the revolutionaries under Leonidas Malekakis (Papamalekos) during the revolt of 1895-6, an event that forced the Greek government to revise its policy on the Cretan Question and the European Powers to intervene decisively for its settlement. The result was a preliminary treaty between the revolutionaries and the Ottoman authorities in 1896, which was soon to be followed by the last revolt of 1897 and the withdrawal of the Ottoman army, allowing the creation of the Cretan State, a de facto independent state which remained typically under Ottoman suzerainty until the Balkan Wars of 1912-3, when it eventually united with Greece. Right below the main square at the top of the hill, one can find the old quarter of Vamos. A group of locals decided to set up here Vamos SA, an enterprise devoted to preserving local heritage and customs, by encouraging a sustainable form of tourism. In this context, several old houses have been refurbished in order to provide accommodation for visitors, and within the next few years, a few tavernas showed up, an art gallery, some picturesque cafés, and a general store selling local products.

text:
# Vamos

**Vamos** (Greek: Βάμος) is a small town and former municipality in the Chania regional unit, Crete, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform "Kallikratis" it is a municipal unit, part of the municipality of Apokoronas, serving as its historical capital. It is situated on a small hill at an altitude of 190 metres (623 feet) above sea level, about 25 kilometres (16 miles) from Chania. In Vamos, one can find several restaurants, snack bars and shops in the village, as well as many public services, such as a fully equipped health center, schools, police station and the regional court for the regions of Apokoronas and Sfakia.

The village is said to have been founded by Arab invaders during the 8th century, which sought refuge in Crete after being expelled from Andalusia. The first official record of the name (Vamo/Vamu) is found on a map of 1577 made by Francesco Barozzi, and according to the Venetian census of 1583 it had 271 inhabitants. The village followed the fate of the rest of Western Crete when the Ottomans invaded the broader area of Apokoronas in 1646 and remained relatively small until the mid-19th century.

According to the Egyptian census of 1834, it is mentioned as Vamos, being inhabited by 30 Christian and 15 Muslim families. Due to its strategic position over the main road from Chania to Rethimno and Heraklion, the village became the seat of a municipality in 1881, and in 1866 Vamos was chosen by Savva Paşa as the capital of the Liva (District) of Sfakia. Within the next years, the village went through a period of increased development, which saw the construction of new public buildings with neoclassical elements, such as the Governorate (Konak/Seray), the Ottoman barracks, water tanks and schools, among which the famous Parthenagogio (Girls' School), which today functions as a municipal hostel. Most of the judicial, political, and military authorities of the broader area were seated in the village. Therefore it is often found in public documents of the era as Saraylıköy, which means "the village with the palace."

For exactly the same reason, the village repeatedly became the target of Christian revolutionaries during the numerous Cretan revolts of the 19th century. Many of its buildings suffered great damage during the revolt of 1878, which were restored by Mahmut Paşa in 1892. One of the most renown events, however, is the siege and fall of Vamos to the revolutionaries under Leonidas Malekakis (Papamalekos) during the revolt of 1895-6, an event that forced the Greek government to revise its policy on the Cretan Question and the European Powers to intervene decisively for its settlement. The result was a preliminary treaty between the revolutionaries and the Ottoman authorities in 1896, which was soon to be followed by the last revolt of 1897 and the withdrawal of the Ottoman army, allowing the creation of the Cretan State, a de facto independent state which remained typically under Ottoman suzerainty until the Balkan Wars of 1912-3, when it eventually united with Greece.

Right below the main square at the top of the hill, one can find the old quarter of Vamos. A group of locals decided to set up here Vamos SA, an enterprise devoted to preserving local heritage and customs, by encouraging a sustainable form of tourism. In this context, several old houses have been refurbished in order to provide accommodation for visitors, and within the next few years, a few tavernas showed up, an art gallery, some picturesque cafés, and a general store selling local products.

## Vamos municipal unit

The municipal unit Vamos extends over 67.035 km2 (25.88 sq mi), and consists of 9 communities. The community Vamos extends over 10.479 km2 (4.05 sq mi) and includes the nearby village of Douliana. The municipal unit Vamos consists of the following communities (constituent villages in brackets):

Approximately 3,100 residents inhabit the municipal unit of Vamos.

## The historical "Lambrakeion" High School of Vamos

The High School of Vamos was first established in 1901 by the authorities of the Cretan State, being one of the twenty Greek schools established during this era. Although it started with only three classes, it was soon obtained one more in 1911–1912, a fifth one in 1912–1913 and sixth the next year, thus becoming a complete high school. The existent building is the second building of the high school, and it was completed in 1936, with Sifakis being its director. It is located right above the main settlement of Vamos, at exactly the same place where the Ottoman Directorate (Konak) used to be. During World War II (1941–45) the building became a Nazi barracks and headquarters for the province of Apokoronas. In 1949, two more classes were built upon the donation of Dimitrios Lambrakis (ancestor of the Media-Tycoon Christos Lambrakis), and therefore his name was given to the high school, being known as "Lambrakio Gymnasio Vamou."

## Historical population

| Year | Community population | Municipal unit population |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1981 | 633 |  |
| 1991 | 569 | 2,536 |
| 2001 | 706 | 2,697 |
| 2011 | 802 | 3,388 |
| 2021 | 698 | 3,069 |

## InfoBox

| Vamos Βάμος | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipal unit | |
| VamosLocation within the regional unit | |
| Coordinates: 35°24′N 24°11′E / 35.400°N 24.183°E / 35.400; 24.183 | |
| Country | Greece |
| Administrative region | Crete |
| Regional unit | Chania |
| Municipality | Apokoronas |
| Area | |
| Municipal unit | 67.035 km2 (25.882 sq mi) |
| Community | 10.749 km2 (4.150 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 184 m (604 ft) |
| Population (2021) | |
| Municipal unit | 3,069 |
| Municipal unit density | 46/km2 (120/sq mi) |
| Community | 698 |
| Community density | 65/km2 (170/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |
| Postal code | 730 08 |
| Area code(s) | 28250 |
| Vehicle registration | ΧΝ |


title: Vadgam

abstract: Vadgam is located in India, situated in Banaskantha district in northern Gujarat. Administratively, it is a Taluka. There are 110 villages under this Taluka. Vadgam region also known as a Dhandhar.

text:
# Vadgam

**Vadgam** is located in India, situated in Banaskantha district in northern Gujarat. Administratively, it is a Taluka. There are 110 villages under this Taluka. Vadgam region also known as a Dhandhar.

## Geography

Vadgam is situated between Kheralu and Palanpur, 15 km away from Palanpur the main city of the Banaskantha District. It is a commercial place for the surrounding the villages Memadpur, Kodaram, Pilucha, Rupal, Gola, Parakhadi, Magarwada, Nandotra, Majadar, Gidasan and Nanosana. average raindrop in vadgam region is 706mm.

## Notable People

Galbabhai Nanjibhai Patel(Chaudhary), Social Leader of Banaskantha District (Founder Chairman of Banas Dairy and well known Personality among Farmers community of Banaskantha and North Gujarat)

## Nearby places of interest

## InfoBox

| Vadgam | |
| --- | --- |
| Taluka | |
| VadgamLocation in Gujarat, IndiaVadgamVadgam (India) | |
| Coordinates: 24°5′0″N 72°29′0″E / 24.08333°N 72.48333°E / 24.08333; 72.48333 | |
| Country | India |
| State | Gujarat |
| District | Patan (Separated in 2010)<br>Banaskantha district (2011 present) |
| Languages | |
| Official | Gujarati, Hindi |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| Telephone code | 02739 |
| Vehicle registration | GJ 8 |
| Nearest city | Palanpur |
| Lok Sabha constituency | Patan |
| Vidhan Sabha constituency | Vadgam |
| Website | http://vadgam.com/ |