title: Wally Chalmers

abstract: Walter Henry Chalmers was an Australian rules footballer who played with Essendon in the Victorian Football League (VFL). Recruited from Carlton District, Chalmers was a wingman and debuted for Essendon in the 1911 season. He played in that year's premiership side and in another premiership side the following year. His career was interrupted by the First World War but he returned to Essendon in 1918 for one final season.

text:
# Wally Chalmers

**Walter Henry Chalmers** (16 September 1890 – 17 November 1966) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Essendon in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

Recruited from Carlton District, Chalmers was a wingman and debuted for Essendon in the 1911 season. He played in that year's premiership side and in another premiership side the following year. His career was interrupted by the First World War but he returned to Essendon in 1918 for one final season.

## Personal life

Wally Chalmers was the second of three sons of prominent Australian stage actors George Chalmers (1854–1937) and Katie Towers (1870–1946). George Chalmers was the stage name of George Weeks and Chalmers was born Walter Henry Weeks in Carlton, Victoria on 16 September 1890. He married Harriet Stuart Schilling (1889–1961) in 1914.

## VFL career

Wally Chalmers came to Essendon from the Carlton seconds, and commenced his career in the Victorian Football League (VFL) in 1911. Under the captaincy of David Smith and coaching tenure of Jack Worrall, Chalmers played on the wing, and within the space of his first season, he came to be recognised as the best wingman in the entire league. Essendon finished the season as minor premiers and met Collingwood in the 1911 VFL Grand Final at the Melbourne Cricket Ground (MCG). Chalmers retained his position as a wingman for the game as Essendon defeated Collingwood by a goal, making Chalmers a premiership player in his first ever season at the senior level.

In 1911, Chalmers also represented the VFL in matches against sides from the Ballarat Football League and the Bendigo Football League.

In 1912, Chalmers, this time under the captaincy of Allan Belcher, became a dual premiership player when Essendon defeated South Melbourne in the 1912 VFL Grand Final. Chalmers had once more played a premiership on the wing. He continued his career at Essendon through to 1915, after which Essendon withdrew from the competition due to World War I. When the club re-entered the VFL in 1918, Chalmers continued playing for Essendon, switching his No. 7 guernsey for No. 2, although he would only play a further 6 games before his career at the senior level concluded.

## Statistics

| Season | Team | No. | Games | Goals |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1911 | Essendon | 7 | 19 | 2 |
| 1912 | Essendon | 7 | 16 | 1 |
| 1913 | Essendon | 7 | 16 | 1 |
| 1914 | Essendon | 7 | 15 | 6 |
| 1915 | Essendon | 7 | 1 | 0 |
| 1918 | Essendon | 2 | 6 | 1 |
| Career totals | | | **73** | **11** |

## InfoBox

| Wally Chalmers | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | Walter Henry Chalmers | | |
| Date of birth | (1890-09-16)16 September 1890 | | |
| Place of birth | Carlton, Victoria | | |
| Date of death | 17 November 1966(1966-11-17) (aged 76) | | |
| Place of death | Brighton, Victoria | | |
| Original team(s) | Carlton District | | |
| Height | 163 cm (5 ft 4 in) | | |
| Weight | 63 kg (139 lb) | | |
| Position(s) | Wing | | |
| Playing career1 | | | |
| Years | **Club** | **Games (Goals)** |
| 1911–1918 | Essendon | 73 (11) |
| 1 Playing statistics correct to the end of 1918. | | | |
| Career highlights | | | |
|  | | | |
| Sources: AFL Tables, AustralianFootball.com | | | |


title: Wilkinson Heights, South Carolina

abstract: Wilkinson Heights is a census-designated place (CDP) in Orangeburg County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 3,068 at the 2000 census.

text:
# Wilkinson Heights, South Carolina

**Wilkinson Heights** is a census-designated place (CDP) in Orangeburg County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 3,068 at the 2000 census.

## Geography

Wilkinson Heights is located at 33°29′28″N 80°50′2″W / 33.49111°N 80.83389°W / 33.49111; -80.83389 (33.491014, -80.833865).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 3.0 square miles (7.8 km2), all land.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2020 | 1,946 |  |  |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |

As of the census of 2000, there were 3,068 people, 1,169 households, and 783 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 1,022.6 inhabitants per square mile (394.8/km2). There were 1,332 housing units at an average density of 444.0 per square mile (171.4/km2). The racial makeup of the CDP was 95.66% Black or African American, 3.42% White, 0.33% Native American, 0.03% Asian, 0.39% from other races, and 0.16% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.11% of the population.

There were 1,169 households, out of which 28.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 29.3% were married couples living together, 30.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.0% were non-families. 26.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.62 and the average family size was 3.21.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 26.7% under the age of 18, 12.5% from 18 to 24, 24.6% from 25 to 44, 21.4% from 45 to 64, and 14.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 83.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 78.9 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $22,065, and the median income for a family was $25,110. Males had a median income of $23,705 versus $20,194 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $11,360. About 24.4% of families and 28.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 30.2% of those under age 18 and 21.6% of those age 65 or over.

## InfoBox

| Wilkinson Heights | |
| --- | --- |
| CDP | |
| Wilkinson HeightsLocation in Orangeburg County, South Carolina | |
| Coordinates: 33°29′28″N 80°50′2″W / 33.49111°N 80.83389°W / 33.49111; -80.83389 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | South Carolina |
| County | Orangeburg |
| Area | |
| Total | 2.99 sq mi (7.74 km2) |
| Land | 2.99 sq mi (7.74 km2) |
| Water | 0.00 sq mi (0.00 km2) |
| Elevation | 223 ft (68 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 1,946 |
| Density | 650.84/sq mi (251.29/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (EST) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| ZIP code | 29115 |
| Area code | 803 |
| FIPS code | 45-77672 |
| GNIS feature ID | 1242895 |


title: Tracy Velazquez

abstract: Tracy Velazquez was the Vice Chair of the Montana Democratic Party and directed the Justice Policy Institute in Washington D.C. until February 2013.

text:
# Tracy Velazquez

**Tracy Velazquez** was the Vice Chair of the Montana Democratic Party and directed the Justice Policy Institute in Washington D.C. until February 2013.

## Life

Born in 1964 in Connecticut, Velazquez has a bachelor's degree from Harvard University and a Masters in Public Administration from Montana State University.

Velazquez has run for public office three times. She first ran for state legislature in 2000 against Republican incumbent Bob Davies. In 2004, she challenged Montana Congressman Dennis Rehberg for the state's lone seat in the U.S. House of Representatives. In 2006, she again ran for the state legislature, this time losing a contested Democratic primary to Mike Phillips.

She was elected Vice Chair of the Montana Democratic Party in 2005.

Velazquez also owns Commonweal Consulting, which provides capacity building services. Velazquez assisted the town of Libby, Montana in its fight for healthcare for residents sickened by asbestos from the local W.R. Grace mine.

In 2005, she received broad national attention by organizing a group to recommend paying for Hurricane Katrina relief by reducing pork barrel spending, asking the Bozeman city council to return federal earmarked money for a parking garage. Her actions were criticized by Democratic Senator Max Baucus, as well as Republicans Rehberg and then-Senator Conrad Burns.

## Private life

She has three children and is married to Dennis Alexander.


title: William G. Blakely

abstract: William G. Blakely was an American miner, lawyer, and a Methodist minister. He served as a district attorney, judge, and legislator in Arizona, where he lived the majority of his life.

text:
# William G. Blakely

**William G. Blakely** (August 29, 1829  April 19, 1920) was an American miner, lawyer, and a Methodist minister. He served as a district attorney, judge, and legislator in Arizona, where he lived the majority of his life.

## Biography

Blakely was born in the Delaware County town of Kortright, New York on August 29, 1829. He was educated first in the local school system, then at the Delaware Academy, and graduated from the New York State Normal School in Albany. In 1849, he left for California in pursuit of riches during the gold rush. After four years of mining, he returned to New York and paid off the mortgage on his father's farm with his mining wealth. He then studied law in Delhi at the office of Amasa J. Parker after which he returned to California, settling in Sonora, where he practiced law and continued mining. In Sonora, he discovered the prosperous Eureka mine in 1858.

Blakely was ordained a minister of the Methodist church, receiving a license from the California Methodist Episcopal conference. In 1861, he left California and moved his family to Carson City in the adjacent Nevada Territory where he began the practice of law. He was appointed Nevada Superintendent of Public Instruction by Governor James W. Nye in 1861 and was heavily involved in organizing the territory's public school system. Blakely then relocated to Austin where he constructed a Methodist Episcopal Church and served as its pastor. He simultaneously continued mining and developed a stamp mill to treat gold-bearing quartz from the Mother Vein mine.

Blakely then moved to Pioche where he continued mining and practicing law. He also developed mines in Cerbat and Mineral Park in the Arizona Territory. He moved again in 1871 to Kingman, the county seat of Mohave County where he was elected judge of the Mohave county court and later appointed by Governor C. Meyer Zulick as probate judge and superintendent of schools. In 1880, he was first elected Mohave County district attorney, serving until 1904. During this period, Blakely continued his law practice. He was the attorney in Kingman for the Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe Railroad, and also represented many other large mines and businesses in the area.

In 1893, Blakely was selected to be a permanent representative of Mohave County to the statehood committee. He then became a superior court judge, and representative in the upper house of the 24th Arizona Territorial Legislature of 1907. He introduced a bill to prohibit the sale of alcohol in the territory and another to prohibit "the establishment of a saloon within one mile of an educational institution". Blakely was an honorary member of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union and publicly spoke in support of prohibition based on his experiences with alcohol consumption in mining communities.

In 1908, Blakely was appointed district attorney again to fill a vacancy caused when the elected district attorney resigned to move to Los Angeles. In 1910, he accepted a pastorship in Kingman, a position he held previously before devoting more time to his other professions.

Blakely died on April 19, 1920. The funeral procession from the church to the cemetery was reported to have included "the longest line of automobiles ever seen at a funeral" in Kingman.

## Personal

On September 5, 1853, Blakely married Susan Elizabeth Wilson from Orange County, New York. Mrs. Blakely was born on August 20, 1829, and died in Kingman on August 20, 1899. They had four sons, including Ross H. Blakely. His eldest son, John E. Blakely, committed suicide in October 1907 at age 37. The suicide was attributed to alcoholism. Blakely's other two sons, William G. Jr and James W., both died in 1899.

Blakely's house, built in 1887 and located at 503 Spring Street in Kingman, has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1986.

Blakely was a brother in the Elks Kingman Lodge.

## Footnotes

1. "Judge Wm. G. Blakely Died at Kingman". *The Arizona Republican*. Phoenix, Arizona Territory. April 29, 1920. p. 5.
2. McClintock, James H. (1916). *Arizona, Prehistoric, Aboriginal, Pioneer, Modern: The Nation's Youngest Commonwealth Within a Land of Ancient Culture*. Vol. III. Chicago: S.J. Clarke Publishing Co. OCLC 5398889.
3. "One of the West's Oldest Pioneers Passes to Beyond". *Mohave County Miner and Our Mineral Wealth*. Kingman, Arizona Territory. April 24, 1920. p. 1.
4. "Local and Personal". *Mohave County Miner*. December 2, 1893. p. 3. Retrieved July 14, 2018  via Newspapers.com.
5. "Sumptuary Legislation". *Arizona Republic*. March 8, 1907. p. 5. Retrieved July 16, 2018  via Newspapers.com.
6. "The council". *Arizona Republic*. March 12, 1907. p. 5. Retrieved July 16, 2018  via Newspapers.com.
7. "A Parlor Meeting of the W.C.T.U". *Arizona Republic*. March 22, 1907. p. 3. Retrieved July 16, 2018  via Newspapers.com.
8. "News". *Mohave County Miner*. April 1, 1908. p. 1. Retrieved July 14, 2018  via Newspapers.com.
9. "Main News". *Williams News*. October 22, 1910. p. 1. Retrieved July 16, 2018  via Newspapers.com.
10. *Portrait and Biographical Record of Arizona*. Chapman Publishing. 1901. p. 170. ISBN 9785880705672. Retrieved July 17, 2018.
11. "A Noble Woman Gone". *Arizona Daily Star*. August 30, 1899. p. 1. Retrieved July 14, 2018  via Newspapers.com.
12. "20 Years Ago - February 18, 1907". *Arizona Republic*. March 12, 1907. p. 28. Retrieved July 16, 2018  via Newspapers.com.
13. "John E. Blakely Takes His Life". *The Coconino Sun*. February 21, 1907. p. 5. Retrieved July 16, 2018.
14. "News". *The Copper Era And Morenci Leader*. February 21, 1907. p. 2. Retrieved July 16, 2018  via Newspapers.com.
15. "National Register Information System  William G. Blakeley House (#86001115)". *National Register of Historic Places*. National Park Service. November 2, 2013. Retrieved July 16, 2018.
16. "Impressive Services For Absent Brothers". *Mohave County Miner*. December 1, 1920. p. 1. Retrieved July 14, 2018  via Newspapers.com.

## InfoBox

| William G. Blakely | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Member of the 24th Arizona Territorial Legislature | |
| **In office**
January 21, 1907  March 21, 1907 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | August 29, 1829
Kortright, New York, US |
| Died | April 19, 1920(1920-04-19) (aged 90)
Kingman, Arizona, US |
| Political party | Republican |
| Children | Ross H. Blakely |
| Profession | Politician, Judge |
|  | |


title: The Truth About Alcohol

abstract: The Truth About Alcohol is a 2016 BBC documentary that explores common beliefs about alcohol. It was made after the UK lowered the recommended amount of alcohol for men to match women's at about the equivalent of seven pints of beer per week. It follows Javid Abdelmoneim as he explores the effects of alcohol on the body. The purpose of the documentary was to inform people about the realities of alcohol and its effects on the body as well as answer questions about why some people are more sensitive to alcohol, hangover remedies, the benefits of red wine, drinking on an empty stomach, effects of nightcaps on sleep, and other common questions.

text:
# The Truth About Alcohol

***The Truth About Alcohol*** is a 2016 BBC documentary that explores common beliefs about alcohol. It was made after the UK lowered the recommended amount of alcohol for men to match women's at about the equivalent of seven pints of beer per week. It follows Javid Abdelmoneim as he explores the effects of alcohol on the body. The purpose of the documentary was to inform people about the realities of alcohol and its effects on the body as well as answer questions about why some people are more sensitive to alcohol, hangover remedies, the benefits of red wine, drinking on an empty stomach, effects of nightcaps on sleep, and other common questions.

## Synopsis

According to the documentary, alcohol affects many different aspects. These include numbing pain and losing self-control. Besides drinking water to prevent dehydration, other possible solutions were explored in the documentary. The film stated that though red wine is better for you, there are other foods that can provide the same health benefits, and that lining stomach with food does help with alcohol tolerance. The documentary states that nightcaps help people fall asleep faster and result in deeper sleep the first half of the night, but can lead to more interrupted sleep for the second half of the night. It says that people believe that beer gets people less drunk, hangovers get worse with age, and that women get worse hangovers than men. This film claimed that in actuality none of these things are true.

The limits changed from 21 to 14 units of alcohol per week spread out throughout the week for men in the UK—the equivalent of about seven pints of beer. One of the main reasons for the change in the recommended limit is how much cancer is related to alcohol consumption.

## Reception

Sam Wollaston writes in *The Guardian* that the documentary is "insubstantial but addictive" and adds no new knowledge about alcohol. The BBC covered the documentary.

## Crew

The director was David Briggs. The producers were Sam Anthony, David Briggs, and Phillip Smith.


title: The North East Times

abstract: The North East Times is an English daily newspaper distributed in Northeast India. It was launched by GL Publications Ltd. on October 2, 1990. The circulation figure is 113,000.

text:
# The North East Times

***The North East Times*** is an English daily newspaper distributed in Northeast India. It was launched by GL Publications Ltd. on October 2, 1990. The circulation figure is 113,000.

## InfoBox

The North East Times
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Front page of 5 October 2009 issue | |
| Type | Daily newspaper |
| Format | Broadsheet |
| Owner(s) | G. L. Agarwalla |
| Publisher | G. L. Publications Ltd |
| Editor | Khiren Roy |
| Founded | 2 October 1990 |
| Political alignment | Center-left |
| Language | English |
| Circulation | 113,000 |
| Website | http://net.glpublications.in/ |


title: Paula Hicks-Hudson

abstract: Paula S. Hicks-Hudson is an American politician who has served as a member of the Ohio Senate from the 11th district since 2022. She is the former Mayor of Toledo, Ohio.

text:
# Paula Hicks-Hudson

**Paula S. Hicks-Hudson** (born May 28, 1951) is an American politician who has served as a member of the Ohio Senate from the 11th district since 2022. She is the former Mayor of Toledo, Ohio.

## Early life and education

Hicks-Hudson was born in Hamilton, Ohio. She earned a Bachelor of Arts from Spelman College, Master of Arts from Colorado State University, and Juris Doctor from the University of Iowa College of Law.

## Career

She was admitted in the Ohio State Bar Association in 1982 and specialized in business and education Law, as well as Social Security and Working Disability before entering public office.

Hicks-Hudson was appointed to the Toledo City Council in 2011, representing the 4th district, after Michael Ashford vacated the seat when he was elected to the Ohio General Assembly. She ran in the special election in May 2011, and again in the general election in November 2011, winning both to retain her seat. In 2013, her council colleagues voted for her to replace council President Joe McNamara when he resigned to run for mayor.

While serving as Toledo city council president, she was sworn in as acting mayor after her predecessor Mike Collins suffered from cardiac arrest. She served in this office for several days until Collins died, at which point she ascended to the office of mayor. Hicks-Hudson became only the second woman to lead the city of Toledo, and the first African American woman to serve as mayor. Toledo held a special election in November 2015 to fill the seat for the rest of the term. On March 18, 2015 Hicks-Hudson announced her candidacy for the November 2015 mayoral election.

Hicks-Hudson won the special election to serve the remainder of the term on November 3, 2015. However, she later lost her bid for re-election on November 7, 2017 to fellow Democrat and Lucas County Treasurer Wade Kapszukiewicz.

## Electoral history

### 2011

Toledo City Council
District 4
Special Election, May 3, 2011
| Candidate | | Votes | % | ± |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Paula Hicks-Hudson | 484 | 70.86% |  |
|  | Terry Shankland | 102 | 14.93% |  |
|  | Alfonso Narvaez | 97 | 14.20% |  |

Toledo City Council
District 4
General Election, November 8, 2011
| Candidate | | Votes | % | ± |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Paula Hicks-Hudson | 5062 | 70.87% | +0.01% |
|  | Anita Rios | 2081 | 29.13% |  |

### 2015

Toledo mayoral election, 2015
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **Paula Hicks-Hudson (inc.)** | **23,087** | **35.6** |
|  | Nonpartisan | Michael Bell | 11,228 | 17.3 |
|  | Democratic | Carty Finkbeiner | 10,276 | 15.9 |
|  | Nonpartisan | Sandy D. Collins | 9,432 | 14.6 |
|  | Nonpartisan | Sandy Sprang | 7,028 | 10.8 |
|  | Nonpartisan | Mike Ferner | 3,208 | 5.0 |
|  | Republican | Opal Covey | 544 | 0.8 |
| Total votes | | | **64,803** | **100** |

## InfoBox

| Paula Hicks-Hudson | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Member of the Ohio Senate
from the 11th district | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
November 16, 2022 | |
| Preceded by | Teresa Fedor |
| Member of the
Ohio House of Representatives
from the 44th District | |
| **In office**
January 7, 2019  November 16, 2022 | |
| Preceded by | Michael Ashford |
| Succeeded by | Elgin Rogers Jr. |
| 63rd Mayor of Toledo | |
| **In office**
February 1, 2015  January 2, 2018 | |
| Preceded by | D. Michael Collins |
| Succeeded by | Wade Kapszukiewicz |
| Member of the Toledo City Council
from 4th district | |
| **In office**
January 2011  February 1, 2015 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Paula Hicks
(1951-05-28) May 28, 1951
Hamilton, Ohio, U.S. |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse | Freeman Hudson |
| Children | Patricia and Leah Hudson |
| Alma mater | Spelman College (BA)
Colorado State University (MA)
University of Iowa (JD) |
| Website | https://paulahickshudson.com/ |
|  | |


title: Vesicular glutamate transporter 1

abstract: Vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGLUT1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC17A7 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a vesicle-bound, sodium-dependent phosphate transporter that is specifically expressed in the neuron-rich regions of the brain. It is preferentially associated with the membranes of synaptic vesicles and functions in glutamate transport. The protein shares 82% identity with the differentiation-associated Na-dependent inorganic phosphate cotransporter and they appear to form a distinct class within the Na+/Pi cotransporter family.

text:
# Vesicular glutamate transporter 1

**Vesicular glutamate transporter 1** (**VGLUT1**) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the *SLC17A7* gene.

The protein encoded by this gene is a vesicle-bound, sodium-dependent phosphate transporter that is specifically expressed in the neuron-rich regions of the brain. It is preferentially associated with the membranes of synaptic vesicles and functions in glutamate transport. The protein shares 82% identity with the differentiation-associated Na-dependent inorganic phosphate cotransporter and they appear to form a distinct class within the Na+/Pi cotransporter family.

## Further reading

*This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.*

## InfoBox

| SLC17A7 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | | | |
| Identifiers | | | |
| Aliases | SLC17A7, BNPI, VGLUT1, solute carrier family 17 member 7 | | |
| External IDs | OMIM: 605208; MGI: 1920211; HomoloGene: 113454; GeneCards: SLC17A7; OMA:SLC17A7 - orthologs | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
|  | | | |
| Orthologs  Species **Human** **Mouse**  Entrez   Ensembl   UniProt   RefSeq (mRNA)     NM\_020309   NM\_182993   RefSeq (protein)     NP\_064705   NP\_892038   Location (UCSC) Chr 19: 49.43 – 49.44 Mb Chr 7: 44.81 – 44.83 Mb  PubMed search | | | |
| Wikidata | | | |
| View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse | | | |


title: Veronica Klinefelt

abstract: Veronica Klinefelt is an American politician who is the state senator representing Michigan's 11th Senate district, following the 2022 Michigan Senate election. She is a member of the Democratic Party.

text:
# Veronica Klinefelt

**Veronica Klinefelt** is an American politician who is the state senator representing Michigan's 11th Senate district, following the 2022 Michigan Senate election. She is a member of the Democratic Party.

## Political career

Klinefelt began her political career as a member of the East Detroit School Board, serving for six years. She then served on the Eastpointe City Council for eight years years, which included terms as Mayor Pro Tem. She served on the Macomb County Board of Commissioners for ten years.

### Michigan Senate

In 2022, Klinefelt ran against Michael D. MacDonald (who was the incumbent in Michigan's 10th Senate district) in Michigan's 11th Senate district. MacDonald was redistricted to the 11th Senate district following the 2020 United States redistricting cycle. Klinefelt defeated MacDonald in the general election with 52.69% of the vote, due to strong support in her native Eastpointe as well as in the Wayne County portion of her district.

## Electoral history

2022 Michigan's 11th Senate district election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **Veronica Klinefelt** | **56,119** | **52.69%** |
|  | Republican | Mike MacDonald (incumbent) | 50,395 | 47.31% |
| Total votes | | | **106,514** | **100%** |

## InfoBox

| Veronica Klinefelt | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Michigan Senate
from the 11th district | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
January 3, 2023 | |
| Preceded by | Jeremy Moss (*redistricting*) |
| Macomb County Commissioner | |
| **In office**
2013–2022 | |
| Eastpointe City Council | |
| East Detroit School Board | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1964-01-15) January 15, 1964
Lawrence, Kansas |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse | Randy |
| Children | 4, including Mike Klinefelt |
| Residence | Eastpointe, Michigan |
| Alma mater | Wayne State University
Macomb Community College |
| Website | https://senatedems.com/klinefelt/ |
|  | |


title: Vesper Cliff

abstract: Vesper Cliff an architecturally distinguished Greek Revival-style residence located immediately outside of the Town of Owego in Tioga County, New York. The oldest part of the house was built in 1791 with an addition of "plank" construction which was added in 1834, a monumental temple-fronted addition designed by architect Alexander Jackson Davis. Also on the property is an unusual barn with a distinctive neoclassical facade treatment, as well as a chicken coop and ice house. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.

text:
# Vesper Cliff

**Vesper Cliff** ( also known as **Tioga Terrace**, **Glenbetsy**, and **Robert C. John House**) an architecturally distinguished Greek Revival-style residence located immediately outside of the Town of Owego in Tioga County, New York. The oldest part of the house was built in 1791 with an addition of "plank" construction which was added in 1834, a monumental temple-fronted addition designed by architect Alexander Jackson Davis. Also on the property is an unusual barn with a distinctive neoclassical facade treatment (barn has since collapsed), as well as a chicken coop and ice house.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Vesper Cliff | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Nearest city | Owego, New York |
| Coordinates | 42°5′54″N 76°16′45″W / 42.09833°N 76.27917°W / 42.09833; -76.27917 |
| Area | 29 acres (12 ha) |
| Built | 1791 |
| Architect | Alexander Jackson Davis |
| Architectural style | Greek Revival |
| NRHP reference No. | 05000746 |
| Added to NRHP | July 29, 2005 |


title: Victor Buhler

abstract: Victor Buhler is an accomplished television and film maker. He began his career as a director but more recently he has become an executive producer for high-profile documentary series such as ESPN's 'In The Arena: Serena Williams' and Netflix's upcoming 'Aaron Rodgers: Enigma'. He currently works as SVP of Development and Production for Tom Brady's company Religion of Sports, where he oversees dozens of television series per year. Directing Work Buhler directed the documentary feature film Rikers High, about the school for teenage inmates in Rikers Island jail. It won the Award for Best Documentary at the 2006 Tribeca Film Festival. He also directed The Beautiful Game, a Netflix documentary feature film about the 2010 soccer World Cup that debuted at the Seattle International Film Festival. Buhler also directed A Whole Lott More about employment for people with developmental disabilities. It was voted an audience favorite at the 2013 HotDocs Documentary Festival. He also co-wrote and directed the scripted feature Running Naked which won Best Film at the 2020 Beijing Film Festival. Buhler’s many directing television credits include Sirens and Drugs Inc. His short film Chaperone was nominated for a student Academy Award. Producing Work Buhler has produced dozens of high-profile documentaries including HBO's hit series The Vow and, in 2019, he won a Sports Emmy for producing Tom vs. Time. Other highlights include credits on Showtime's 'Shut Up And Dribble', Netflix 'Simone Rising', Hulu's 'Thank You, Goodnight: The Bon Jovi Story' and Participant Films' Countdown to Zero'. Academic Background Buhler has taught filmmaking at Harvard University and at New York University's Tisch Graduate Film Program

text:
# Victor Buhler

**Victor Buhler** (born February 1, 1972) is an accomplished television and film maker. He began his career as a director but more recently he has become an executive producer for high-profile documentary series such as ESPN's 'In The Arena: Serena Williams' and Netflix's upcoming 'Aaron Rodgers: Enigma'. He currently works as SVP of Development and Production for Tom Brady's company Religion of Sports, where he oversees dozens of television series per year.

**Directing Work**

Buhler directed the documentary feature film *Rikers High*, about the school for teenage inmates in Rikers Island jail. It won the Award for Best Documentary at the 2006 Tribeca Film Festival. He also directed *The Beautiful Game*, a Netflix documentary feature film about the 2010 soccer World Cup that debuted at the Seattle International Film Festival. Buhler also directed *A Whole Lott More* about employment for people with developmental disabilities. It was voted an audience favorite at the 2013 HotDocs Documentary Festival. He also co-wrote and directed the scripted feature *Running Naked* which won Best Film at the 2020 Beijing Film Festival. Buhler’s many directing television credits include *Sirens* and *Drugs Inc.* His short film *Chaperone* was nominated for a student Academy Award.

**Producing Work**

Buhler has produced dozens of high-profile documentaries including HBO's hit series The Vow and, in 2019, he won a Sports Emmy for producing *Tom vs. Time*. Other highlights include credits on Showtime's 'Shut Up And Dribble', Netflix 'Simone Rising', Hulu's 'Thank You, Goodnight: The Bon Jovi Story' and Participant Films' Countdown to Zero'.

**Academic Background**

Buhler has taught filmmaking at Harvard University and at New York University's Tisch Graduate Film Program


title: Victoria Linchong

abstract: Victoria Linchong is an American screenwriter, producer, actress and director working in both theater and film.

text:
# Victoria Linchong

**Victoria Linchong** (Chinese: 林鍾維香) is an American screenwriter, producer, actress and director working in both theater and film.

## Early life

Victoria Linchong was born in New York City and lived in Taiwan for two years at a young age. She attended Hunter College High School and began working at Theater for the New City as an actress in their summer street theater when she was fourteen. Rebelling against her traditional Taiwanese family, she left home at the age of sixteen and lived in the basement of the theater, where she became acquainted with many pioneers of Off-Off Broadway, including several writers who were part of the Caffe Cino.

## Career

### Theater

Linchong is primarily known for her work with the writer James Purdy, which began at the age of seventeen when she met actor/director John Uecker. Although she had some success as a teenage actress, most notably appearing in the Obie Award-winning play *Hot Keys* by Jeff Weiss, she was frustrated with the roles then available to Asian-American actresses and teamed up with Uecker to produce Purdy's *Sun of the Sleepless*, which featured Laurence Fishburne.

Linchong and Uecker went on to produce two other James Purdy productions at Theater for the New City, *Til the Eagle Hollers* with Jane Smith and *The Rivalry of Dolls*, before forming Running Sun Theater Company, dedicated to producing Purdy's work. The company's inaugural production was *Williams' Guignol*, the world premiere of two short plays by Tennessee Williams \- *Traveling Companion* and *Chalky White Substance* \- which featured Bill Rice and Sam Trammell,. The production was instrumental in inspiring other companies to produce Williams's later works. She produced one last play for Running Sun Theater Company, *Foment* by James Purdy, featuring David Zayas who was then beginning his career, before the company disbanded.

Linchong's other notable credit during this time includes Production Coordinator for *Stop the War: A Festival for Peace in the Middle East*, a 12-hour artistic protest against the Gulf War that won an Obie Award.

More recently, Linchong founded the theater and film company Direct Arts. In 2010, she produced, directed and acted in *Paper Angels* by Genny Lim. The play was performed outdoors in San Francisco's Chinatown and won Best Site Specific Show in the San Francisco Fringe Festival.

### Film

Linchong's first short film, *Double Dealing*, which she wrote, directed and acted in, was a finalist for Asian Cinevision's 2nd Annual 72 Hour Film Shootout in 2005.

She began working on the documentary *Almost Home: Taiwan* in 2008.

### Other work

Linchong was one of the founding members of the James Purdy Society.

She was the betelnut beauty for an art installation by Annamarie Ho, which recreated a betelnut kiosk on a New York City street corner in 2008.

She is also a freelance writer and theater reviewer whose work has been published in **NY Theatre Review**, New York Magazine, Salem Press and several online publications, including nytheatre.com.


title: Victor Williams (Canadian Army officer)

abstract: Major-General Victor Arthur Seymour Williams was a Canadian general in the First World War and later the Commissioner of the Ontario Provincial Police. In June 1916 he was seriously wounded and captured by the Germans. He was one of the highest ranked Canadians ever made a prisoner of war.

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# Victor Williams (Canadian Army officer)

Major-General **Victor Arthur Seymour Williams** CMG (1867 – December 12, 1949) was a Canadian general in the First World War and later the Commissioner of the Ontario Provincial Police. In June 1916 he was seriously wounded and captured by the Germans. He was one of the highest ranked Canadians ever made a prisoner of war.

## Early life and education

Williams was born at Port Hope, Ontario, in 1867, the son of Arthur Trefusis Heneage Williams, by his wife Emily, daughter of Benjamin Seymour. After attending Trinity College School in Port Hope, he entered the Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, Ontario, in 1884. In 1886, “Williams was one of four new Inspectors who had attended the Royal Military College in Kingston. The other three officers were: S.T. Wood, P.C.H. Primrose, and T.W. Chalmers." Two years into his studies he was withdrawn from the college at his parents' request and entered service in the North-West Mounted Police. In December 1887 he was gazetted an inspector.

## Army career

He transferred to the Mounted Infantry in 1889. He married Helen Euphemia Sutherland on October 23, 1890. He eventually took a commission with the Royal Canadian Dragoons in 1893. In 1899 he went to South Africa, serving as a major and lieutenant-colonel in command of 'B' Squadron of the Canadian Mounted Rifles during the Second Boer War.

Williams was promoted brevet colonel for his overseas service and appointed commandant of the Royal School of Cavalry in Toronto, Ontario. In 1907 he was appointed commanding officer of the Royal Canadian Dragoons and Inspector of Cavalry for the Dominion of Canada. In 1911 he commanded the mounted units at the Coronation of King George V. From 1912 to 1914 he was Adjutant-General at Ottawa. He commanded Valcartier Camp, Quebec, during the mobilization of the 1st Canadian Division and accompanied the contingent overseas. During the war he served on the general staffs of Field Marshal Sir John French and the British II and III Corps.

As a brigadier-general, he commanded the 8th Canadian Infantry Brigade of the 3rd Canadian Division from December 1915 to June 1916. He was mentioned in despatches on 30 April 1916 for gallant and distinguished services in the field. He was severely wounded and taken prisoner on June 3, 1916, during the Battle of Mont Sorrel. He was released in a prisoner exchange before the end of the war.

He returned to Canada in late 1918. After the war, he was promoted major-general in command of Military District 2 based in Toronto. He then commanded military districts in Kingston and Toronto. He served as the Commissioner of the Ontario Provincial Police from 1922 to 1939. He died in Sunnybrook Hospital, Toronto on December 12, 1949, and was buried in the St. John's Cemetery in Port Hope.

## Recognition and honours

Mount Williams (2730 metres) in the Canadian Rockies on the border of Alberta and British Columbia was named in his honour in 1918. He was appointed Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) in January 1920 for his war service.

## Footnotes

* Beahen, William; Horrall, Stan (1998). *Red coats on the prairies: the North-West Mounted Police, 1886-1900* (1998 ed.). Centax Books. ISBN 9781894022088. \- Total pages: 352
* Library and Archives Canada (2016). "WILLIAMS, VICTOR ARTHUR SEYMOR". Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved June 6, 2016.
* The London Gazette (27 January 1920). "Untitled - issue 31759". ISSN 0374-3721. OCLC 6672113. Retrieved June 6, 2016.
* RCMP Veterans Association (November 26, 2013). "Major General Victor Williams". RCMP Veterans Association – Vancouver Division. Retrieved June 6, 2016.

## InfoBox

| Victor Williams | |
| --- | --- |
| Williams c.1899 | |
| Birth name | Victor Arthur Seymour Williams |
| Born | 1867 (1867)
Port Hope, Ontario |
| Died | December 12, 1949(1949-12-12) (aged 81–82)
Toronto, Ontario, Canada |
| Service/branch | North-West Mounted Police |
| Years of service | 1886-1939 |
| Rank | Commissioner; Major-General |
| Service number | 317483 |
| Unit | Canadian Mounted Rifles |
| Commands | Second Boer War, Commissioner of the Ontario Provincial Police |
| Battles/wars | Battle of Mont Sorrel |
| Awards | Order of St. Michael and St. George |
| Relations |  |
| Other work | Commissioner of the Ontario Provincial Police |


title: Victoria Bridge, Worcestershire

abstract: The Victoria Bridge crosses the River Severn between Arley and Bewdley in Worcestershire, England. At the time of its construction, the 200-foot railway bridge was the longest single span cast iron bridge in Britain. The cast-iron arch bridge has four arch ribs each of nine parts bolted together. The arch elements were cast by the Coalbrookdale Company and the bridge was built by Thomas Brassey, Samuel Morton Peto and Edward Betts. Its design is almost identical to the Albert Edward Bridge which spans the Severn at Coalbrookdale in Shropshire, both designed by John Fowler. Opened for traffic on 31 January 1862, the railway line was closed to traffic in 1963. The bridge survived the threat of demolition and was then used by the Severn Valley Railway. In May 1974, heritage passenger services were re-introduced between Alveley Colliery and Bewdley over the Victoria Bridge. It was restored in 2004. The bridge has appeared in several films, including the 1978 film The Thirty-Nine Steps.

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# Victoria Bridge, Worcestershire

The **Victoria Bridge** crosses the River Severn between Arley and Bewdley in Worcestershire, England. At the time of its construction, the 200-foot railway bridge was the longest single span cast iron bridge in Britain.

The cast-iron arch bridge has four arch ribs each of nine parts bolted together. The arch elements were cast by the Coalbrookdale Company and the bridge was built by Thomas Brassey, Samuel Morton Peto and Edward Betts. Its design is almost identical to the Albert Edward Bridge which spans the Severn at Coalbrookdale in Shropshire, both designed by John Fowler.

Opened for traffic on 31 January 1862, the railway line was closed to traffic in 1963. The bridge survived the threat of demolition and was then used by the Severn Valley Railway. In May 1974, heritage passenger services were re-introduced between Alveley Colliery and Bewdley over the Victoria Bridge. It was restored in 2004. The bridge has appeared in several films, including the 1978 film *The Thirty-Nine Steps*.

## Construction

The Victoria Bridge was constructed to carry the Severn Valley Railway over the River Severn just south of Upper Arley. The line was 40 mi (64 km) long running from Hartlebury in Worcestershire to Shrewsbury in Shropshire, passing through several towns including Stourport-on-Severn, Bridgnorth, and Ironbridge. The line was built between 1858 and 1862 and it was opened on 31 January 1862 and regular services commenced the following day.

The bridge was designed by John Fowler, the chief engineer of the Severn Valley Railway. It is a single cast-iron segmental arch, considered to be quite large for the era, with a span of 200 ft (61 m) and a 20 ft (6.1 m) rise. The bridge arch has four ribs made up of nine H-section pieces bolted together; the ribs are cross-braced by tie bars with tensioning nuts and the spandrels are perforated by vertical slots. The weight of the ironwork has been estimated at about 500 t (490 long tons; 550 short tons). The ironwork was cast by the Coalbrookdale Company.

The bridge abutments are made of rusticated sandstone ashlar, topped by plain parapets. Each abutment has a single 12-ring blue brick arch to provide river-side access. Along the west bank, the towpath is carried around the abutment on a walkway plinth that juts out into the river. On the east side the abutment wall drops straight to the river. The single track is carried on a ballasted timber deck even though the bridge is wide enough to accommodate double tracks.

On 24 November 1859, the bridge's foundation stone was laid by Henry Orlando Bridgeman using a ceremonial silver trowel presented to him by the contractors. The contractors involved in the bridge's construction included Thomas Brassey, Samuel Morton Peto and Edward Betts. A time capsule was placed under the foundation stone. The glass jar contained silver and copper coins and a signed paper with details of the occasion. By early February 1861, the foundations were completed.

The four cast iron ribs were put in place and on 10 May 1861, bridge was completed. Commemorative inscriptions were cast into the midspan of the arch ring on each face of the bridge. They read, "Victoria Bridge, 1861. John Fowler, Engineer" (central position) "Messrs. Brassey & Co., Contractors" (left position) and "Cast and erected by the Coalbrookdale Company" (right position).

The Victoria Bridge was the longest single-span bridge made of cast iron in Britain when built. Its design was replicated by Fowler when he built the similar Albert Edward Bridge over the River Severn outside Coalbrookdale.

## Operational use

In the early 1950s, the bridge deck was relaid. Rail traffic on the line diminished during this period and the planned closure of the northern end of the Severn Valley Branch including Victoria Bridge was announced in 1962, pre-dating the Beeching report. On 9 September 1963, the Severn Valley line was closed to regular passenger services and most freight traffic but the southern portion was used by coal trains up to 1969 and limited passenger services; all such use ended during 1970.

On 6 July 1965, the Severn Valley Railway Society was formed to preserve and restore as much as possible of the line. The new Severn Valley Railway Company was incorporated in May 1967 and set about acquiring as much of the line as its finances would allow. In May 1974, it succeeded in re-introducing passenger services between Alveley Colliery and Bewdley which involved crossing the Victoria Bridge.

Between November 1979 and April 1980, a refurbishment programme was undertaken to safeguard the bridge and its capacity to support 21-tonne axle loading for running train services. Refurbishment cost of £94,346 including the replacement of the transverse timber deck support beams with 54 steel beams. More than half of the iron platework was replaced with steel, 3,500 rivets were replaced with high tensile friction grip bolts and it was painted with 1,200 litres of paint.

In March 1987, the bridge was given Grade II\* listed building status.

Because of its age, the bridge has required considerable investment to allow for train operations. In early 1994, about £200,000 of repairs addressed cracks in the bridge's abutments and corrosion in the cast iron girders and cross bracing. To preserve the bridge a 15 mph speed limit is imposed upon all traffic and double-headed trains are no longer permitted.

In early 2004, the bridge was closed for six weeks to install steel mesh material to form a new deck and a repaint. In April 2004, at the reopening ceremony the ribbon was cut by a local woman named Victoria Bridge. Before restoration, the bridge deck made of secondhand timber sleepers was rotting away. Refurbishment cost £320,000, a large proportion of which paid for scaffolding. The project was commended at the 2005 Historic Bridge and Infrastructure Awards by the Institution of Civil Engineers.

## Bibliography

* Cragg, R., *Civil Engineering Heritage - Wales & West Central England*, Thomas Telford Publishing, 2nd edn., 1997, ISBN 0-7277-2576-9

## InfoBox

| Victoria Bridge, Worcestershire | |
| --- | --- |
| Goods train crossing the Victoria Bridge | |
| Coordinates | 52°24′39″N 2°20′40″W / 52.41083°N 2.34444°W / 52.41083; -2.34444 |
| OS grid reference | SO 76665 79254 |
| Carries | Severn Valley Railway |
| Crosses | River Severn |
| Locale | Upper Arley, Worcestershire |
| Named for | Queen Victoria |
| Heritage status | Grade II\* listed building |
| Characteristics | |
| Design | Arch bridge |
| Material | Cast iron |
| Pier construction | Sandstone ashlar |
| Total length | 200 ft (61 m) |
| No. of spans | 1 |
| Rail characteristics | |
| No. of tracks | 1 |
| Track gauge | 4 ft 8.5 in (1,435 mm) |
| History | |
| Designer | John Fowler |
| Constructed by |  |
| Fabrication by | Coalbrookdale Co |
| Construction start | 24 November 1859 |
| Construction end | 10 May 1861 |
| Opened | 31 January 1862 |
| Location | |
|  | |


title: Victoria Bridge, Picton

abstract: The Victoria Bridge is a heritage-listed timber trestle truss road bridge across the Stonequarry Creek, located at Prince Street in the south-western Sydney town of Picton in the Wollondilly Shire local government area of New South Wales, Australia. The bridge is owned by Transport for NSW, an agency of the Government of New South Wales. The bridge is also known as the Victoria Bridge over Stonequarry Creek. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 20 June 2000. Designed by Percy Allan and opened on 7 October 1897, Victoria Bridge employs Allan trusses and was built by C. J. Ford of Sydney. It features the tallest trestles in New South Wales, and is one of the oldest surviving bridges of its type. It is named after Queen Victoria, and is classified by the National Trust. Victoria Bridge is wide enough for a pedestrian walkway and one lane of traffic and is 83.4 m (274 ft) long. The bridge has a height limit of 2.4 m. The bridge is listed by the Engineers Institute as historically significant.

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# Victoria Bridge, Picton

The **Victoria Bridge** is a heritage-listed timber trestle truss road bridge across the Stonequarry Creek, located at Prince Street in the south-western Sydney town of Picton in the Wollondilly Shire local government area of New South Wales, Australia. The bridge is owned by Transport for NSW, an agency of the Government of New South Wales. The bridge is also known as the **Victoria Bridge over Stonequarry Creek**. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 20 June 2000. Designed by Percy Allan and opened on 7 October 1897, Victoria Bridge employs Allan trusses and was built by C. J. Ford of Sydney.

It features the tallest trestles in New South Wales, and is one of the oldest surviving bridges of its type. It is named after Queen Victoria, and is classified by the National Trust. Victoria Bridge is wide enough for a pedestrian walkway and one lane of traffic and is 83.4 m (274 ft) long. The bridge has a height limit of 2.4 m (7 ft 10 in). The bridge is listed by the Engineers Institute as historically significant.

## History

### Picton

The town of Picton was named by Major Antill after Sir Thomas Picton in 1841. The location was previously known as "Stonequarry". The Duke of Wellington described Picton as a "rough foul-mouthed devil as ever lived" but very capable. He was "respected for his courage and feared for his irrascible temperament". He was chiefly remembered for his exploits under Wellington in the Iberinan Peninsular War displaying great bravery and persistence. He was killed at the Battle of Waterloo and was the most senior officer to die there. He was buried in the family vault at St. George's, Hanover Square in London. In 1859 Picton was re-interred in St. Paul's Cathedral, London, lying close to the body of the Duke of Wellington.

### Victoria Bridge

Timber truss road bridges have played a significant role in the expansion and improvement of the NSW road network. Prior to the bridges being built, river crossings were often dangerous in times of rain, which caused bulk freight movement to be prohibitively expensive for most agricultural and mining produce. Only the high priced wool clip of the time was able to carry the costs and inconvenience imposed by the generally inadequate river crossings that often existed prior to the trusses construction. Timber truss bridges were preferred by the NSW Public Works Department from the mid 19th to the early 20th century because they were relatively cheap to construct, and used mostly local materials. The financially troubled governments of the day applied pressure to the Public Works Department to produce as much road and bridge work for as little cost as possible, using local materials. This condition effectively prohibited the use of iron and steel, as these, prior to the construction of the steel works at Newcastle in the early 20th century, had to be imported from England.

Timber Allan trusses were the first truly scientifically engineered timber truss bridges, and incorporate American design ideas for the first time. This is a reflection of the changing mindset of the NSW people, who were slowly accepting that American ideas could be as good as or better than European ones. The high quality and low cost of the Allan truss design entrenched the dominance of timber truss bridges for NSW roads for the next thirty years.

Percy Allan, the designer of Allan truss and other bridges, was a senior engineer of the NSW Public Works Department, and a prominent figure in late 19th century NSW. Timber truss bridges, and timber bridges generally were so common that NSW was known to travellers as the "timber bridge state".

## Description

The Victoria Bridge is an Allan-type timber truss road bridge. It has three timber truss spans, each of 27.4 m (90 ft). There are no approach spans. The overall length of the bridge is 83.4 m (274 ft). The super structure is supported by timber trestles which carry a single-lane carriageway with a minimum width of 3.7 m (12 ft) and a footpath. A timber post and rail guard rail extends the full length of the bridge and an Armco barrier protects pedestrians from vehicular traffic.

### Condition

As of 10 July 2023, fair and intact.

## Heritage listing

As at 15 June 2005, completed in 1897, the Victoria bridge is an early example of an Allan type timber truss road bridge, and in 1998 was in fair condition. As a timber truss road bridge, it has many associational links with important historical events, trends, and people, including the expansion of the road network and economic activity throughout NSW, and Percy Allan, the designer of this type of truss. Allan trusses were third in the five-stage design evolution of NSW timber truss bridges, and were a major improvement over the McDonald trusses which preceded them. Allan trusses were twenty per cent cheaper to build than McDonald trusses, could carry 50 per cent more load, and were easier to maintain. Having the tallest timber trestle supporting piers of any timber truss bridge, the Victoria bridge has an imposing appearance, and is both technically and aesthetically significant as a result.

In 1998 there were 38 surviving Allan trusses in NSW of the 105 built, and 82 timber truss road bridges survive from the over 400 built.

The Victoria bridge is a representative example of Allan timber truss road bridges, and is assessed as being State significant, primarily on the basis of its technical and historical significance.

Victoria Bridge over Stonequarry Creek was listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 20 June 2000 having satisfied the following criteria.

**The place is important in demonstrating the course, or pattern, of cultural or natural history in New South Wales.**

Through the bridge's association with the expansion of the NSW road network, its ability to demonstrate historically important concepts such as the gradual acceptance of NSW people of American design ideas, and its association with Percy Allan, it has historical significance.

**The place is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or a high degree of creative or technical achievement in New South Wales.**

The bridge exhibits the technical excellence of its design, as all of the structural detail is clearly visible. In the context of its landscape it is visually attractive. As such, the bridge has substantial aesthetic significance. Having the tallest timber trestle supporting piers of any timber truss bridge, the Victoria bridge has an imposing appearance, and is both technically and aesthetically significant as a result.

**The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group in New South Wales for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.**

Timber truss bridges are prominent to road travellers, and NSW has in the past been referred to as the "timber truss bridge state". Through this, the complete set of bridges gain some social significance, as they could be said to be held in reasonable esteem by many travellers in NSW. The Victoria bridge is valued by the people of the Picton district.

**The place possesses uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.**

Rare – In 1998 there were 38 surviving Allan trusses in NSW of the 105 built, and 82 timber truss road bridges survive from the over 400 built.

**The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of cultural or natural places/environments in New South Wales.**

Representative of Allan truss bridges.

### Bibliography

### Attribution

This Wikipedia article contains material from Victoria Bridge over Stonequarry Creek, entry number 01484 in the New South Wales State Heritage Register published by the State of New South Wales (Department of Planning and Environment) 2018 under CC-BY 4.0 licence, accessed on 2 June 2018.

## InfoBox

| Victoria Bridge, Picton | |
| --- | --- |
| Coordinates | 34°10′49″S 150°36′38″E / 34.18028°S 150.61056°E / -34.18028; 150.61056 |
| Carries | Prince Street |
| Crosses | Stonequarry Creek |
| Locale | Picton, Wollondilly Shire, New South Wales, Australia |
| Official name | Victoria Bridge over Stonequarry Creek |
| Named for | Queen Victoria |
| Owner | Transport for NSW |
| Characteristics | |
| Design | Allan truss |
| Material | Ironbark timber |
| Total length | 83.4 m (274 ft) |
| Width | 3.7 m (12 ft) |
| Longest span | 27 m (90 ft) |
| No. of spans | 3 |
| Clearance above | 2.4 m (7 ft 10 in) |
| Clearance below | 28 m (92 ft) |
| No. of lanes | 1 |
| History | |
| Engineering design by | Percy Allan |
| Constructed by | C. J. Foord |
| Construction start | 1895 |
| Construction end | 1897 |
| Construction cost | 3,700 |
| Opened | 7 October 1897 |
|  | |
| New South Wales Heritage Register | |
| Official name | Victoria Bridge over Stonequarry Creek |
| Type | State heritage (built) |
| Designated | 20 June 2000 |
| Reference no. | 1484 |
| Type | Road Bridge |
| Category | Transport – Land |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | |
|  | |


title: Viduthalai (1986 film)

abstract: Viduthalai is a 1986 Indian Tamil-language action heist film, directed by K. Vijayan. It stars Sivaji Ganesan, Rajinikanth and Vishnuvardhan. The film was a box-office failure. It is a remake of the 1980 Hindi film Qurbani, which itself was based on the 1972 Italian film The Master Touch.

text:
# Viduthalai (1986 film)

***Viduthalai*** (transl.Liberation) is a 1986 Indian Tamil-language action heist film, directed by K. Vijayan. It stars Sivaji Ganesan, Rajinikanth and Vishnuvardhan. The film was a box-office failure. It is a remake of the 1980 Hindi film *Qurbani*, which itself was based on the 1972 Italian film *The Master Touch*.

## Plot

Raja, an expert thief, is in love with Radha, a disco club dancer-cum-singer, who is unaware of Raja's profession. Meanwhile, an evil brother-sister duo, Vikram and Bhairavi is bent on seeking vengeance from Crime boss Sudharshan, who cheated and siphoned Bhairavi's money. The duo hire Raja to break into Sudarshan's treasury and perform the heist. But he was caught by a jovial-cum-shrewd Inspector Rajasingam and awarded 2 years imprisonment, which shocks and devastates Radha.

On the other hand, Amar is an ace crime member in Sudarshan's gang who revolts against Sudarshan. He is a widower with a daughter who is studying in a boarding school. However, before quitting Sudarshan's gang, Amar has committed a crime wearing a mask and Inspector Rajasingam is investigating that case. Once Amar saves Radha from a gang of rowdy bikers. They meet regularly as Radha likes Amar's daughter. Soon Amar begins to love Radha, who does not reciprocate because she still loves Raja. Amar realises Radha is not interested and does not proceed. Raja completes his jail sentence. While returning, he meets Vikram, who again reminds him of the deal to rob Sudarshan. During the conversation, Amar incidentally reaches the site and a fist fight ensues between Amar and Vikram. While fleeing, Vikram swears revenge against Amar. Thus Raja and Amar meet for the first time. Raja takes Amar to introduce to Radha, but both Radha and Amar pretend as if they do not know each other since they don't want Raja to unnecessarily suspect them.

Later Vikram's goons kidnap Amar's daughter and beat Amar who is hospitalised. In return for Amar and his daughter's safety, Raja agrees to do Vikram's job. He nurses Amar back to normal and soon they turn thick friends. Amar promises Raja he will support him in this one last robbery. They plan to shift to London after the robbery with the money. They concoct a scheme whereby Amar would steal gold bars and jewellery from a safe, then phone the police, let Raja take over, get arrested, get a prison term for about 12 to 18 months. After his release, he will join Amar in the USA Things go awry as Raja gets arrested for killing Sudarshan while Amar and Radha reach USA with the money. Raja construes that Amar deliberately framed him so that he can get Raja out of the way, and keep all the money (as well as Radha) for himself. Raja escapes from jail and reaches London to apprehend Amar. After a brief tussle between the two, Raja realises the truth and that Amar did not frame him. Vikram and his goons reach USA to take revenge against Raja and Amar. During the ensuing fight, Amar sacrifices his life to save Raja from getting killed by Vikram.

## Cast

## Production

Balaji, who saw *Qurbani* decided to remake it in Tamil. He wanted Rajinikanth to play Feroz Khan's character and Ganesan to play Amjad Khan's character. Ganesan agreed to play the role. The dialogue for the remake was written by Aaroor Das.

## Soundtrack

All music is composed by Chandrabose

Track listing
| No. | Title | Lyrics | Singer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Nattukulla Namma Pathi" | Pulamaipithan | Malaysia Vasudevan, S. P. Sailaja and chorus | 06:11 |
| 2. | "Raagam Naanethan" | Pulamaipithan | S. Janaki and chorus | 04:02 |
| 3. | "Rajave Raja" | Pulamaipithan | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki and chorus | 04:55 |
| 4. | "Neela Kuyilgal Rendu" | Vaali | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Chandrabose | 04:46 |
| 5. | "Thangamani Rangamani" | Vaali | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Vani Jairam | 03:59 |
| Total length: | | | | 23:53 |

## Release and reception

*Kalki* printed a favourable review, calling it a return to form for Rajinikanth after a while. Despite this, the film was a box-office failure.

## InfoBox

| Viduthalai | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | K. Vijayan |
| Written by | Aaroor Dass (dialogues) |
| Story by | K. K. Shukla |
| Produced by | Suresh Balaje |
| Starring | Sivaji Ganesan
Rajinikanth
Vishnuvardhan |
| Cinematography | Tiwari
Suresh Chandra Menon (second unit) |
| Edited by | D. Vasu |
| Music by | Chandrabose |
| Production
company | Sujatha Cine Arts |
| Release date | * 11 April 1986 (1986-04-11) |
| Running time | 141 minutes |
| Country | India |
| Language | Tamil |


title: Viju TV1000 Russkoe

abstract: Viju TV1000 Russkoe is a television channel broadcasting Russian language movies owned by Viju Russia. The channel is available in Russia and Commonwealth of Independent States The channel launched on October 1, 2005, in the Baltics, Russia, Ukraine, and other CIS states, broadcasting from both the Viasat platform in the Baltics and cable systems in the region. It was the fifth pay channel from Viasat in the region after TV1000 East, Viasat Explorer, Viasat History and Viasat Sport. In the autumn of 2008, the channel was added to the "Russian Mega Pack" on the DISH Network in the United States. As of 2018, it is no longer available on Dish. In 2009 the channel became available through Time Warner Cable in the New York City Region, and the Southern California area, including Los Angeles. It subsequently launched on Xfinity cable in 2012. On February 28, 2022, the channel stopped operating in the Baltic States and was replaced by TV1000 World Kino, it was the decision of TV3 Group, after the beginning of the Russian invasion of Ukraine. In March 1, 2023, TV1000 Russkoe Kino renamed to Viju TV1000 Russkoe.

text:
# Viju TV1000 Russkoe

**Viju TV1000 Russkoe** is a television channel broadcasting Russian language movies owned by Viju Russia. The channel is available in Russia and Commonwealth of Independent States

The channel launched on October 1, 2005, in the Baltics, Russia, Ukraine, and other CIS states, broadcasting from both the Viasat platform in the Baltics and cable systems in the region. It was the fifth pay channel from Viasat in the region after TV1000 East, Viasat Explorer, Viasat History and Viasat Sport.

In the autumn of 2008, the channel was added to the "Russian Mega Pack" on the DISH Network in the United States. As of 2018, it is no longer available on Dish.

In 2009 the channel became available through Time Warner Cable (Now Spectrum) in the New York City Region, and the Southern California area, including Los Angeles. It subsequently launched on Xfinity cable in 2012.

On February 28, 2022, the channel stopped operating in the Baltic States and was replaced by TV1000 World Kino, it was the decision of TV3 Group, after the beginning of the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

In March 1, 2023, *TV1000 Russkoe Kino* renamed to *Viju TV1000 Russkoe*.

## InfoBox

Viju TV1000 Russkoe
Viju TV1000 Русское
| Broadcast area | Russia, CIS states |
| --- | --- |
| Programming | |
| Language(s) | Russian |
| Picture format | 16:9 576i SDTV
1080i HDTV |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Viju Russia
(National Media Group) |
| History | |
| Launched | October 1, 2005 |
| Former names | TV1000 Russkoe Kino (2005-2023) |
| Links | |
| Website | Official site |


title: Viju Abraham

abstract: Viju Abraham is an Indian judge who is presently serving as a judge of Kerala High Court. The court of justice Abraham was one among the three paperless courts started functioning from 01 August, 2022 in Kerala High Court.

text:
# Viju Abraham

**Viju Abraham** is an Indian judge who is presently serving as a judge of Kerala High Court. The court of justice Abraham was one among the three *paperless courts* started functioning from 01 August, 2022 in Kerala High Court.

## Education and career

Abraham graduated in Law from Government Law College, Ernakulam and started to practice as a lawyer in 1996. He served as Government Pleader from 2004 to 2007 and as Senior Government Pleader from 2011 to 2016 in Kerala High Court. He was appointed as Additional Judge of High Court of Kerala on 11.08.2021 and assumed office on 13 August 2021.

## Notable rulings

In August 2022, bench of Justice Abraham issued strict direction to the Kerala Police and Kerala Motor Vehicle Department to conduct routine checking in public road transport services while considering an application for bail of a driver of a public transport who was booked under Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985 and expressed its concern about the danger to the life of the general public.

## InfoBox

| **Justice**Viju Abraham | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Judge of the Kerala High Court | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office** <br>13 August 2021 | |
| Nominated by | Sharad Arvind Bobde |
| Appointed by | Ram Nath Kovind |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1972-09-11) 11 September 1972 |
| Alma mater | Government Law College, Ernakulam |
| Website | High Court of Kerala |
|  | |


title: Billy McCaughey

abstract: William McCaughey was a member of the Royal Ulster Constabulary's Special Patrol Group and the illegal Ulster Volunteer Force's Glennane gang in the 1970s. He was imprisoned for 16 years for murder from 1980 to 1996. On his release he worked as a loyalist and Orange Order activist until his death in 2006.

text:
# Billy McCaughey

**William McCaughey** (c. 1950  8 February 2006) was a member of the Royal Ulster Constabulary's Special Patrol Group and the illegal Ulster Volunteer Force's Glennane gang in the 1970s. He was imprisoned for 16 years for murder from 1980 to 1996. On his release he worked as a loyalist and Orange Order activist until his death in 2006.

## Early life

Growing up a Presbyterian in a townland outside Ahoghill, County Antrim, McCaughey was given the nickname "The Protestant Boy" which he carried into adulthood. His father, Alexander McCaughey was an elder in the local Trinity Presbyterian church. He was described by investigative journalist Martin Dillon as a "pillar of respectability". McCaughey served in the Ulster Special Constabulary, the 'B Specials', and when that was disbanded, he joined the regular Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC). A former bodyguard to Ulster Unionist Minister John Taylor, McCaughey was also a member for a time of the Ulster Protestant Volunteers, a paramilitary group associated with the Reverend Ian Paisley, and of Paisley's Free Presbyterian Church.

## Special Patrol Group

In the early 1970s, McCaughey was assigned to the RUC Special Patrol Group, a specialist "anti-terrorist" unit, based in Armagh. McCaughey co-operated extensively with the UVF Mid-Ulster Brigade and carried out a number of attacks on their behalf, along with SPG colleagues. He "expressed virulently anti-Catholic views ... and made it known ... that he had strong links to the UVF. A Special Branch recommendation that he be excluded after his probationary period was overridden by an inspector's report that described him as 'one of the best, if not the best, constables attached to my section (of the B Specials)'". McCaughey said of his RUC Special Patrol Group unit: "Our colour code was Orange and it was Orange by nature and several of us were paramilitaries. Our proud boast was that we would never have a Catholic in it. We did actually have a Catholic once, a guy called Danny from Dungannon. The day after he joined we had him dangling out from the back of a Land Rover with his chin inches from the road. He lasted a week". In 1977 he was charged with stealing a table from the Mayor of Lisburn Elsie Kelsey's home. McCaughey had been on escort duty for Ulster Unionist Party politician John Taylor, who was attending a party in the house at the time.

## Conviction for murder

McCaughey was arrested in 1980 along with SPG colleague John Weir, and admitted to a number of sectarian murders. However, the two were convicted of just three crimes, murder, kidnapping and attempted murder. McCaughey served 16 years. He admitted the 1977 sectarian murder of chemist William Strathern, a Catholic. In 1977, the leader of the UVF's Mid-Ulster brigade, Robin Jackson, was named in court as the gunman who shot Strathern in Ahoghill, County Antrim, for which McCaughey and John Weir were convicted. Jackson was not questioned, for "operational reasons" which have never been detailed.

McCaughey also pleaded guilty to the kidnapping of a Catholic priest, Father Hugh Murphy, in retaliation for the kidnapping and killing of two members of the security forces by the Provisional Irish Republican Army. Murphy was released unharmed after a plea from Ian Paisley. He also admitted to a gun and bomb attack on a pub, the Rock Bar, in Keady in 1977. McCaughey shot and seriously injured a man who prevented him entering the pub, which he intended to spray with machine gun fire. The bomb failed to explode. Two other RUC officers were handed suspended sentences for their part in the bombing. The guns used in the attack were the same ones used in the murder of three Catholic brothers Anthony, John and Brian Reavey in Armagh on 4 January 1976. McCaughey was also implicated in the killings of three members of the O'Dowd family - Barry, his brother Declan and their uncle Joe - targeted 10 minutes after the Reaveys (see Reavey and O'Dowd killings). McCaughey told the surviving Reavey brother in 1988 that he was at the house with three other attackers but fired no shots*.*

McCaughey claimed that the Kingsmill massacre of 10 Protestant civilians the following day caused him to pass RUC intelligence to loyalist paramilitaries. He was one of the first police officers on the scene and recalled that

> When we arrived it was utter carnage, Men were lying two or three together. Blood was flowing, mixed with water from the rain... When I got home, I noticed the bottom of my trousers, big heavy police trousers, were soaked. I squeezed them out on the kitchen floor and I think there was as much blood as water. I had a lot of bad experiences but that was the worst, certainly in terms of human suffering.

## Further allegations

Weir and McCaughey implicated colleagues in at least eleven other sectarian murders. McCaughey claimed that many local RUC and Ulster Defence Regiment (UDR) personnel were working with loyalist paramilitaries in the Armagh area in what became known as the Glenanne gang. The Barron Enquiry into the Dublin and Monaghan bombings of 1974 found a chain of ballistic history linking weapons and killings, to which McCaughey admitted involvement. These included, "in 1975, three murders at Donnelly's bar in Silverbridge, the murders of two men at a fake UDR checkpoint, the murder of IRA man John Francis Green in the Republic, the murders of members of the Miami showband and the murder of Dorothy Trainor in Portadown. In 1976, they included the murders of three members of the Reavey family, and the attack on the Rock Bar in Tassagh."

In addition

> Barron found that it was probable the guns were kept at a farm at Glenanne belonging to James Mitchell, an RUC reservist ... from which a group of paramilitaries and members of the security forces ... carried out the massacres at Dublin and Monaghan.... The chain was unbroken because the perpetrators of these attacks weren't caught, or investigations were haphazard, or charges were dropped, or light or suspended sentences were given. The same individuals turn up again and again, but the links weren't noted. Some of the perpetrators weren't prosecuted despite evidence against them.

Weir claimed that McCaughey was part of this "Glenanne gang", although McCaughey disputed this. McCaughey refused to give evidence to Judge Barron's enquiry, claiming "I know nothing about it". Judge Barron disagreed. "The Inquiry agrees with the view of An Garda Siochana that Weir's allegations regarding the Dublin and Monaghan bombings must be treated with the utmost seriousness."

## Prison and subsequent activities

In prison in the Maze, McCaughey completed a degree in Education and Social Science in 1994 from the Open University. He also claimed that he was "a devout member of Ian Paisley's Free Presbyterian Church." McCaughey had had a long association with Paisley, founder and leader of the Free Presbyterian Church, and of the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP), which McCaughey had originally joined in the 1960s.

He organised fundraising in prison to help defend DUP deputy leader Peter Robinson in a court case, organising a sponsored run around the prison exercise yard. Ian Paisley wrote a letter of thanks to McCaughey in 1991, promising to try to help try to get his sentence shortened. Paisley wrote in his own handwriting: "'There is a door for you to get to the Secretary of State, a door which we were able to open'". The letter was made public by Paisley's opponents in the run-up to the referendum on the Good Friday Agreement in 1998.

McCaughey was released in 1996. He appears to have become disillusioned with Paisley, allowing his membership of the Free Presbyterian Church to lapse by 1998. After his release he was approached by people in Ballymena who told him "Great job – pity you got caught", which he disagreed with. He declared himself "undecided" in the Good Friday referendum of that year: "I want to support this agreement. I want it to work, but don't want to be endorsing some republican plot." McCaughey became a member of the Progressive Unionist Party (PUP), the party associated with the UVF. He also started work as a self-employed builder.

He became a prominent figure in the weekly picketing of Our Lady's Roman Catholic Church in Harryville, Ballymena, which was organised in protest against the re-routing of Orange Order marches. However, he denied he was the central organiser. He admitted, "I have done a few press releases" and that he had taken part in the church pickets "maybe six times" over a 21-week period.". McCaughey said he sympathised with the aim of the Harryville protest, which was "to secure civil rights" for Orangemen in Dunloy. He later claimed that he had 'withdrawn from the protest because of a "witch hunt" against him by the nationalist media'. He was pictured wearing his Orange Order sash during one occasion at the protest. The Ulster Unionist Party MP Ken Maginnis had called for McCaughey to be returned to jail for his role in the Harryville protest.

Some years later McCaughey joined the short lived United Loyalist Cultural Committee, a loyalist group which admitted to having members from the UVF and UDA. In 2001, the Committee threatened to hold regular weekly street protests in a Roman Catholic part of Ballymena until Irish tricolours were removed. The protest was followed by a loyalist attack to remove the flags in Fisherwick estate, Ballymena. Over twenty men were charged with breaching the peace in the incident. McCaughey organised a picket with 20 supporters on the day of the court hearing. He explained: "This is not a protest - we are here to show our sympathy for the boys."

In 2002, relatives of McCaughey's victim William Strathearn were upset to discover that McCaughey was entitled to his RUC pension for his previous years service in the RUC. When he was sent to prison the then RUC chief constable Jack Hermon opposed any pension for McCaughey but failed on a legal technicality. McCaughey himself justified the pension stating: "I've earned it. I did 10 years service fair and square, and I can say that I'm not the only one with a past that has got the pension from the RUC."

Along with fellow PUP members in Ballymena in 2003, McCaughey took part in a campaign to stop racist attacks in the town. Immigrant workers from Romania and the Philippines residing in loyalist areas had their homes attacked, leading McCaughey to encourage young loyalists in the town not to join racist groups.

In April 2004, McCaughey attended an official dinner with President of Ireland Mary McAleese in Aras an Uachtarain, the Presidential residence in Dublin. McCaughey declared that he intended "to invite the President to visit the staunchly Protestant Ballee and Harryville areas of Ballymena". McCaughey then withdrew the invitation because of McAleese's "Holocaust Day speech in which she compared Protestant prejudice towards Catholics to the Nazi hatred of Jews".

In July 2005, a meeting of the District Policing Partnership in the County Antrim village of Clogh had to be abandoned after loyalist protesters, including McCaughey, protested due to the presence of Social Democratic and Labour Party councillor and DPP chairman Declan O'Loan. Protesters shouted sectarian abuse at O'Loan and McCaughey stated the protest could have been avoided if O'Loan "had accepted his total unacceptability" in Clogh.

In August 2005, McCaughey warned that loyalists were considering restarting the picket outside Harryville Roman Catholic Church in Ballymena if Orange Order marchers were rerouted from a mainly Roman Catholic area of the town.

When republicans proposed their first ever parade in Ballymena in 2005 to commemorate Operation Demetrius, to some surprise McCaughey didn't have any objections to the proposed parade as long as the route wasn't contentious.

In 2001, McCaughey stood for election to Ballymena Borough Council, for the PUP in Ballymena South (51 votes, 0.48% - one of two PUP candidates, PUP total: 94 votes, 1.4%) and 2005 (94 votes, 1.6% - sole PUP candidate). He also unsuccessfully contested North Antrim for the assembly elections in 2003 (230 votes, 0.5%). His inability to gain election was often mocked by his political rivals.

## Personal life

McCaughey was married and had three children with his wife Angela. After McCaughey's arrest in 1978, his wife divorced him. In 1980, after the Cullybackey branch of the Apprentice Boys unfurled a banner presented to them by McCaughey, his former wife voiced her opposition and announced her intention to change her name and those of her children by deed poll. In 2001, his son Kenneth stood for election to Ballymena Borough Council as a PUP candidate. He was unsuccessful, receiving 53 votes (0.5% of the total votes cast).

Despite his convictions, McCaughey was a member of an Orange Lodge in Ballymena, previously a member of a Lurgan lodge and the Royal Black Preceptory. However, he was expelled from the latter.

## Death

McCaughey died of lung cancer on 8 February 2006. He was believed to have contracted cancer over a year previously and was thought to be in remission after treatment. The local *Ballymena Times* reported, "McCaughey apparently underwent a 'Road To Damascus' style conversion - supporting the peace process and leading a campaign against Neo Nazis". A tribute was also reported from a leading Irish Trade Unionist Peter Bunting. Bunting's father was once held at gun point by McCaughey in 1971 due to the fact he was a Catholic and was forced to leave his job. Bunting stated "Billy McCaughey was prepared to kill for what he saw as his people. At the end of his days, he had lived for more people than he could have ever dreamed about in 1971. I would also like to think that, if my father had lived long enough to witness the full life of Billy McCaughey, then he too would have recognised him as a brother and a comrade." David Ervine described him as having an "immense effect on people's attitudes." He was buried in his native Ahoghill.

## InfoBox

| Billy McCaughey | |
| --- | --- |
| McCaughey, c.2003 | |
| Birth name | William McCaughey |
| Nickname(s) | "The Protestant Boy" |
| Born | c.1950
Ahoghill, County Antrim, Northern Ireland |
| Died | 8 February 2006(2006-02-08) (aged 55–56)
Ballymena, County Antrim |
| Allegiance | Royal Ulster Constabulary
Ulster Volunteer Force |
| Unit | RUC Special Patrol Group
UVF Mid-Ulster Brigade |
| Conflict | The Troubles |


title: Vila Sônia

abstract: Vila Sônia is a district in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, it will be the terminal of Line 4.

text:
# Vila Sônia

**Vila Sônia** is a district in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, it will be the terminal of Line 4.

23°36′00″S 46°44′35″W / 23.60000001°S 46.7430555656°W / -23.60000001; -46.7430555656

## InfoBox

| Vila Sônia | |
| --- | --- |
| The location of Vila Sônia district in São Paulo | |
| Jaqueline Favela | |
| Country | Brazil |
| State | São Paulo |
| City | São Paulo |
| Government | |
| Type | Subprefecture |
| Subprefect | Daniel Barbosa Rodrigueiro |
| Area | |
| Total | 9.9 km2 (3.8 sq mi) |
| Population (2000) | |
| Total | 87.379 |
| Density | 8.826/km2 (22.86/sq mi) |
| **HDI** | 0.895 –high |
| Website | Subprefecture of Butantã |


title: Viera East, Florida

abstract: Viera East is a census-designated place (CDP) in Brevard County, Florida, United States. The population was 11,687 at the 2020 census, up from 10,757 at the 2010 census. It forms a part of the larger unincorporated community of Viera and is part of the Palm Bay–Melbourne–Titusville Metropolitan, Florida Statistical Area.

text:
# Viera East, Florida

**Viera East** is a census-designated place (CDP) in Brevard County, Florida, United States. The population was 11,687 at the 2020 census, up from 10,757 at the 2010 census. It forms a part of the larger unincorporated community of Viera and is part of the Palm BayMelbourneTitusville Metropolitan, Florida Statistical Area.

## Geography

Viera East is located at 28°15′55″N 80°43′5″W / 28.26528°N 80.71806°W / 28.26528; -80.71806 (28.2655, -80.7182), to the east of Interstate 95.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 5.1 square miles (13.2 km2), of which 5.1 square miles (13.1 km2) is land and 0.02 square miles (0.04 km2), or 0.31%, is water.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2010 | 10,757 |  |  |
| 2020 | 11,687 |  | 8.6% |
| U.S. Decennial Census | | | |

## InfoBox

| Viera East, Florida | |
| --- | --- |
| CDP | |
| Coordinates: 28°15′55″N 80°43′5″W / 28.26528°N 80.71806°W / 28.26528; -80.71806 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Florida |
| County | Brevard |
| Area | |
| Total | 5.18 sq mi (13.42 km2) |
| Land | 5.06 sq mi (13.10 km2) |
| Water | 0.12 sq mi (0.32 km2) |
| Elevation | 25 ft (8 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 11,687 |
| Density | 2,310.60/sq mi (892.06/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| FIPS code | 12-74368 |
| GNIS feature ID | 1989257 |


title: Vilesa

abstract: Vilesa is a hamlet located in the municipality of Baix Pallars, in Province of Lleida province, Catalonia, Spain. As of 2020, it has a population of 0.

text:
# Vilesa

**Vilesa** is a hamlet located in the municipality of Baix Pallars, in Province of Lleida province, Catalonia, Spain. As of 2020, it has a population of 0.

## Geography

Vilesa is located 124km north-northeast of Lleida.

## InfoBox

| Vilesa | |
| --- | --- |
| Locality | |
| VilesaVilesaVilesa | |
| Coordinates: 42°19′3″N 1°5′30″E / 42.31750°N 1.09167°E / 42.31750; 1.09167 | |
| Country | Spain |
| Community | Catalonia |
| Province | Lleida |
| Municipality | Baix Pallars |
| Population | |
| Total | 0 |


title: Vileysky Uyezd

abstract: Vileysky Uyezd was one of the subdivisions of the Vilna Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the eastern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Vileyka.

text:
# Vileysky Uyezd

**Vileysky Uyezd** (*Вилейский уезд*) was one of the subdivisions of the Vilna Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the eastern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Vileyka.

## History

Vileysky Uyezd was organised after the Second Partition of Poland in 1793. It was a part of Minsk Governorate from 1793 until 1843, when it was transferred to Vilna Governorate.

## Demographics

At the time of the Russian Empire Census of 1897, Vileysky Uyezd had a population of 208,013. Of these, 86.9% spoke Belarusian, 9.5% Yiddish, 2.5% Polish, 0.9% Russian, 0.1% Tatar and 0.1% Lithuanian as their native language.


title: Vikram Solanki

abstract: Vikram Singh Solanki is an English cricket coach and former first-class cricketer. In limited over international cricket, he played over 50 One Day Internationals for England as a batsman and occasional off-spinner. In county cricket, he played for Surrey, having previously spent 17 years at Worcestershire. In 2007, he became the 24th Worcestershire batsman to pass 10,000 career runs for the county. He also captained Worcestershire from 2005 to 2010, before resigning mid-season. In September 2015 he announced his retirement as a player. After obtaining an LLB from the Open University, Vikram then studied the Legal Practice Course at the University of Law. Vikram Solanki has held a variety of coaching and administrative roles apart from his playing career. In March 2009 he was appointed Chairman of The Professional Cricketer's Association, where he also held the role of Interim Chief Executive and in March 2017 he became FICA President, succeeding former West Indian International, Jimmy Adams.

text:
# Vikram Solanki

**Vikram Singh Solanki** (born 1 April 1976) is an English cricket coach and former first-class cricketer. In limited over international cricket, he played over 50 One Day Internationals for England as a batsman and occasional off-spinner.

In county cricket, he played for Surrey, having previously spent 17 years at Worcestershire. In 2007, he became the 24th Worcestershire batsman to pass 10,000 career runs for the county. He also captained Worcestershire from 2005 to 2010, before resigning mid-season.

In September 2015 he announced his retirement as a player. After obtaining an LLB from the Open University, Vikram then studied the Legal Practice Course at the University of Law.

Vikram Solanki has held a variety of coaching and administrative roles apart from his playing career. In March 2009 he was appointed Chairman of The Professional Cricketer's Association, where he also held the role of Interim Chief Executive and in March 2017 he became FICA President, succeeding former West Indian International, Jimmy Adams.

## Early life and domestic career

Solanki was born in Udaipur, Rajasthan, India, but moved to Wolverhampton with his family at the age of eight. Solanki played junior and senior cricket for Wolverhampton cricket club and education from Regis School, Wolverhampton.

He made his first-class debut for Worcestershire in 1995, although he had played one-day cricket for the county two seasons earlier. In 1996 he was awarded the NBC Denis Compton Award. Although principally taken on by Worcestestershire as a batsman, on his first-class debut, due to there being no fit spinners available, he was selected to bowl his off breaks – something he had done with a degree of success the previous winter while on tour with England U19. Although generally an occasional bowler, Solanki produced a ten-wicket haul, five wickets in each innings, against Lancashire at Old Trafford in 1996. In 1999 he achieved a batting average of over 40, something he repeated in 2000, 2002, 2004 and 2006. 2006 was also the first season since 2000 in which he managed to top 1,000 first-class runs, making 1,252.

Together with Worcestershire teammate Kabir Ali, Solanki accepted an offer to play for Rajasthan in the Indian Ranji Trophy during the 2006–07 season. Solanki joined the Indian Cricket League (ICL) in 2007, he made six appearances for the Mumbai Champs in his single season of ICL.

### England A tours

Solanki was picked for two England A tours: to South Africa and Zimbabwe in 1998–99, and to Bangladesh and New Zealand in 1999–2000. His fine performances on these latter tours led to his making his full One Day International debut against the South Africans later that same winter. However, he was unable to translate his A-team feats into runs for the senior England side, and after eight innings yielding just 96 runs, he was dropped and not picked again for more than three years.

## English county cricket

Solanki was also an occasional bowler of off-spin for Worcestershire, although he has only bowled a handful of overs for England. Worcestershire appointed Solanki as captain of the county for 2005, succeeding the retiring Steve Rhodes. In September 2006 he agreed an extension to his contract which saw him remain at the county until 2009. Following a defeat by Glamorgan on 12 August 2010, he announced his resignation as captain with immediate effect stating that "it was time for somebody else to be at the helm".

After showing good form in the first half of the 2009 season Solanki was called up to the England Lions squad for their fixture against Australia.

In July 2012, it was announced that Solanki would leave Worcestershire at the expiry of his contract in September, and join Surrey on a two-year contract. He announced his retirement from the first-class game at the end of the 2015 season, during which he played in only one County Championship match.

## International career

Solanki represented England on 51 occasions in one-day cricket, but was never selected for a Test match. His natural talent only rarely came through into his performances for his country, and his England batting average was in the mid-20s. He made two international hundreds, 106 off 108 balls against South Africa at The Oval in 2003 (when he shared an opening partnership of 200 with Marcus Trescothick), and exactly 100 off 93 balls versus Zimbabwe at Bulawayo in 2004/05.

Solanki played in four of the five One Day Internationals when England toured Pakistan in December 2005, his best score of 49 also being the highest in England's innings in the final match, which England went on to win by 6 wickets. However, Solanki was not selected for the team to go on the tour to India, instead being chosen to captain the 'A' team in the West Indies.

On 1 July 2006, Solanki took his first wicket in ODIs at Headingley, removing Sri Lankan opener Sanath Jayasuriya for 152. It was something of a hollow triumph, however, as Jayasuriya and Upul Tharanga (109) had put on 286, a world record for the first wicket in ODIs, and England were crushed as Sri Lanka scored 324/2 to win by eight wickets in just 37.3 overs. Solanki made history against Australia in 2005 when he became the first supersub in a One Day International, replacing Simon Jones to strengthen England's tail after a batting collapse; coming to the crease at no.8 with England 93/6, Solanki made 53 not out. He also took part in the final two matches of England's time in the 2007 Twenty20 World Championship, replacing the injured Matt Prior. Keeping wicket and opening the batting in both of his matches in that tournament, he took two catches in the first, conceded no byes in either match, and scored 24 and 43. Those were his last international appearances.

## Coaching career

In January 2018, Solanki was appointed as Deputy Head coach at Surrey CCC, and in June 2020 he was promoted as Head coach by Surrey's Director of Cricket, Alec Stewart, in succession to Michael di Venuto.

In IPL 2019, he was a member of the Royal Challengers Bangalore's coaching staff, where he worked as an Assistant coach.

In January 2022, Solanki ended his nine-year association with the Surrey CCC after being appointed as the Director of Cricket of the newly added IPL franchise Gujarat Titans ahead of the Mega Auction 2022.

## Career milestones

* 22 June 1995: First-class debut for Worcestershire: v Hampshire at the County Ground, Southampton
* 16 May 1997: Maiden first-class century: 128\* v Oxford University at The Parks, Oxford
* 23 January 2000: One Day International debut: v South Africa at Bloemfontein, South Africa
* 28 June 2003: Maiden ODI century: 106 v South Africa, The Oval, London
* 1 August 2008: Highest First-Class Innings: 270 v Gloucestershire, Cheltenham
* 24 June 2009: First T20 century: 100 v Glamorgan, New Road, Worcester

## InfoBox

Vikram Solanki
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Full name | Vikram Singh Solanki |
| Born | (1976-04-01) 1 April 1976<br>Udaipur, Rajasthan, India |
| Height | 6 ft 0 in (1.83 m) |
| Batting | Right-handed |
| Bowling | Right-arm off break |
| Role | Batsman |
| International information | |
| National side |  |
| ODI debut (cap 156) | 23 January 2000 v South Africa |
| Last ODI | 1 July 2006 v Sri Lanka |
| ODI shirt no. | 38 |
| T20I debut (cap ) | 13 June 2005 v Australia |
| Last T20I | 19 September 2007 v India |
|  | |
| Domestic team information | |
| Years | Team |
| 1995–2012 | Worcestershire *(squad no. 3)* |
| 2006/07 | Rajasthan |
| 2013–2015 | Surrey *(squad no. 42)* |
|  | |
| Career statistics | |
| Competition ODI T20I FC LA  Matches 51 3 325 402  Runs scored 1,097 76 18,359 11,045  Batting average 26.75 25.33 35.78 32.39  100s/50s 2/5 0/0 34/98 16/64  Top score 106 43 270 164  Balls bowled 111 0 7,238 1,122  Wickets 1  90 28  Bowling average 105.00  47.00 35.25  5 wickets in innings 0  4 0  10 wickets in match 0  1 0  Best bowling 1/17  5/40 4/14  Catches/stumpings 16/– 3/– 350/– 162/– | |
|  | |
| Source: Cricinfo, 30 March 2017 | |


title: Vignes, Yonne

abstract: Vignes is a former commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune Guillon-Terre-Plaine.

text:
# Vignes, Yonne

**Vignes** (French pronunciation: \[viɲ\]) is a former commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune Guillon-Terre-Plaine.

## InfoBox

| Vignes | |
| --- | --- |
| Part of Guillon-Terre-Plaine | |
| Location of Vignes | |
| VignesVignes | |
| Coordinates: 47°31′28″N 4°07′07″E / 47.5244°N 4.1186°E / 47.5244; 4.1186 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Bourgogne-Franche-Comté |
| Department | Yonne |
| Arrondissement | Avallon |
| Canton | Chablis |
| Commune | Guillon-Terre-Plaine |
| Area**1** | 11.77 km2 (4.54 sq mi) |
| Population (2019) | 81 |
| Density | 6.9/km2 (18/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 89420 |
| Elevation | 215–311 m (705–1,020 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Viktor Klimenko (singer)

abstract: Viktor Savvich Klimenko is a singer who made himself known as the "Singing Cossack".

text:
# Viktor Klimenko (singer)

**Viktor Savvich Klimenko** (born 24 November 1942) is a singer who made himself known as the "Singing Cossack".

## Biography

Klimenko was born in Karelia, to a Russian Kuban Cossack father, Savva Klimenko, and a Russian mother, Olga Glotova. A few years after his birth, his family moved to Finland. There, he became a musician and appeared in several films, mostly appearing as himself. The Eurovision Song Contest 1965 was his first appearance outside of Finland; his song didn't earn any points in the competition.

In 1970, Klimenko released the album *Stenka Rasin* across Europe. The album, containing Russian songs, went gold in the Finnish market—the first record to do so in Finland. Later, it was certified platinum. This success was followed by a decade of concerts around the world. Klimenko had nine more gold records and one more platinum record.

In 1973, he played in the Norwegian "comedy-humour-musical" *Kofferten* (Swedish: *Ryck mig i vaskan*), a co-operation between Sveriges Radio, BBC, YLE, and NRK.

Klimenko rebranded himself as a Gospel singer in 1980, after having a personal religious revelation.

## Selected filmography

## InfoBox

| Viktor Savvich Klimenko | |
| --- | --- |
| Viktor Klimenko in 2011. | |
| Background information | |
| Born | (1942-11-24) 24 November 1942<br>Occupied Karelia |
| Origin | Finland |
| Genres | Gospel music |
| Occupation(s) | Singer, actor |
| Years active | 1965–present |
|  | |
| Website | web.archive.org/web/20040603144938/http://www.viktorklimenko.com/english/index.html |