title: Walter Turnbull

abstract: Dr. Walter Turnbull was an American musician and the founder of the Boys Choir of Harlem. Turnbull graduated from Tougaloo College where he studied classical music and vocal performance. He moved to New York City in 1968, and in addition to continuing his education at the Manhattan School of Music started to perform as a tenor with the New York Philharmonic. He also began teaching music at a Harlem church upon his arrival in New York. This church group eventually turned into a popular city choir and then eventually the internationally renowned Boys Choir of Harlem. In 1999, he was awarded the 5th Annual Heinz Award in the Arts and Humanities. In the spring of 2001, a 14-year-old student came forward to Turnbull and reported that the choir's chief counselor, Frank Jones Jr., had been molesting him for years. Turnbull failed to notify the police and did nothing to investigate the allegations. It was later revealed that Turnbull and his brother, Horace, the choir's executive vice president, allowed Jones to stay in contact with students even after city officials explicitly banned him from the 650-student academy. Jones was allowed to remain so close to students that he was called upon by the Turnbulls to chaperone at least eight overnight choir trips. A city school official reported to investigators that Horace Turnbull had complained to her that barring Mr. Jones was "a hardship," because he was "an integral part" of the program. The silence regarding the allegations against Jones was eventually broken when the 14-year-old student's mother went to the authorities. That fall Jones was arrested, tried and sentenced to two years in prison for multiple counts of third-degree sexual abuse and endangerment of a child. In 2003, city investigators concluded that the Turnbull brothers had failed to report the complaints of abuse to the authorities and had allowed Mr. Jones to continue working with children. A memorandum was issued to the choir's board of directors by investigators for the New York City schools. It urged the choir's board to dismiss the Turnbull brothers. The board immediately asked for the resignation of Walter and Horace Turnbull. Both men refused to resign and defended themselves publicly. In a surprising move, the choir board then voted unanimously to recommend that the Turnbulls be kept on in a revised capacity. As a result, the city school system's investigative arm recommended that the Department of Education "sever all ties" with the academy if the Turnbulls remain. Shortly after, the Department of Education did just that and evicted the choir from the city-owned school property where they had been operating rent-free since 1993. The Choir relocated to the Metropolitan Community Methodist Church. He died on March 23, 2007, in a New York City hospital. He had reportedly suffered a stroke months earlier.

text:
# Walter Turnbull

Dr. **Walter Turnbull** (19 July 1944 in Greenville, Mississippi – 23 March 2007) was an American musician and the founder of the Boys Choir of Harlem. Turnbull graduated from Tougaloo College where he studied classical music and vocal performance.

He moved to New York City in 1968, and in addition to continuing his education at the Manhattan School of Music started to perform as a tenor with the New York Philharmonic. He also began teaching music at a Harlem church upon his arrival in New York. This church group eventually turned into a popular city choir and then eventually the internationally renowned Boys Choir of Harlem.

In 1999, he was awarded the 5th Annual Heinz Award in the Arts and Humanities.

In the spring of 2001, a 14-year-old student came forward to Turnbull and reported that the choir's chief counselor, Frank Jones Jr., had been molesting him for years. Turnbull failed to notify the police and did nothing to investigate the allegations.

It was later revealed that Turnbull and his brother, Horace, the choir's executive vice president, allowed Jones to stay in contact with students even after city officials explicitly banned him from the 650-student academy (a public school that is overseen and financed in part by the Department of Education). Jones was allowed to remain so close to students that he was called upon by the Turnbulls to chaperone at least eight overnight choir trips. A city school official reported to investigators that Horace Turnbull had complained to her that barring Mr. Jones was "a hardship," because he was "an integral part" of the program.

The silence regarding the allegations against Jones was eventually broken when the 14-year-old student's mother went to the authorities. That fall Jones was arrested, tried and sentenced to two years in prison for multiple counts of third-degree sexual abuse and endangerment of a child.

In 2003, city investigators concluded that the Turnbull brothers had failed to report the complaints of abuse to the authorities and had allowed Mr. Jones to continue working with children. A memorandum was issued to the choir's board of directors by investigators for the New York City schools. It urged the choir's board to dismiss the Turnbull brothers. The board immediately asked for the resignation of Walter and Horace Turnbull. Both men refused to resign and defended themselves publicly. In a surprising move, the choir board then voted unanimously to recommend that the Turnbulls be kept on in a revised capacity.

As a result, the city school system's investigative arm recommended that the Department of Education "sever all ties" with the academy if the Turnbulls remain. Shortly after, the Department of Education did just that and evicted the choir from the city-owned school property where they had been operating rent-free since 1993. The Choir relocated to the Metropolitan Community Methodist Church.

He died on March 23, 2007, in a New York City hospital. He had reportedly suffered a stroke months earlier.


title: Lili Réthi

abstract: Lili Réthi was an artist and illustrator. Born in Vienna, Austria, she left Germany to avoid a commission from Hermann Göring glorifying the Third Reich. She eventually became an American citizen. Réthi illustrated over 50 books during her career and her works are included in major galleries and museums. She is particularly known for her drawings of building and construction projects such as the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge.

text:
# Lili Réthi

**Lili Réthi** (November 19, 1894 – 1969) was an artist and illustrator. Born in Vienna, Austria, she left Germany to avoid a commission from Hermann Göring glorifying the Third Reich. She eventually became an American citizen. Réthi illustrated over 50 books during her career and her works are included in major galleries and museums. She is particularly known for her drawings of building and construction projects such as the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge.

## Early life

Réthi was born in Vienna, Austria. In 1917 Réthi enrolled in the Art School for Women and Girls (Kunstschule für Frauen und Mädchen) in Vienna, Austria, where she studied under Otto Friedrich, a Jugendstil painter. She continued her training at the Graphischen Lehr- und Versuchsanstalt in Vienna.

## Career

During her early career in Europe, Réthi drew a diverse group of building and construction projects, including shipyards in Hamburg, Germany and canals in Belgium.  Although she identified herself as a Social Democrat, she received a commission in Germany from Nazi politician Hermann Göring to execute drawings that glorified the Third Reich.  To avoid completing the commission, she left Germany by explaining that she had a prior commitment to complete drawings of a bridge in Denmark.

She moved to London and created illustrations for two posters in the late 1930s. She traveled to the United States in 1939 to illustrate the World’s Fair for *The Illustrated London News* and applied to citizenship upon arrival.

In 1943, Réthi was the subject of a three-person exhibition "American Industry at War" at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, which featured drawings of war production plants by Réthi as well as architect Hugh Ferriss and artist James Sessions.

One of Réthi’s best-known projects in the United States was her documentation through drawing of the construction of the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge, which connected Staten Island and Brooklyn.  34 of these drawings were exhibited in the 1964 World’s Fair New York City Pavilion. Réthi was a member of the Royal Society of Arts.

Réthi illustrated over 50 books during her career, including *The Bridge: The Building of the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge* (1964) by Gay Talese, *The Witchcraft of Salem Village* (1956) by Shirley Jackson, and *Franklin D. Roosevelt's Hyde Park* (1947).

Réthi's works are in the collection of the National Gallery of Art, the Museum of the City of New York, The Postal Museum in London, the Yale University Art Gallery, and the MTA Bridges and Tunnels Special Archive collection. The Lili Réthi Papers are held in the Archives Center, National Museum of American History in Washington, D.C.

## InfoBox

| Lili Réthi | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1894-11-19)19 November 1894<br>Vienna, Austria |
| Nationality | Austrian, American |
| Notable work | "American Industry at War" |


title: Nova Scotia Route 289

abstract: Route 289 is a collector road in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. It is located in the northern and central part of the province, connecting Melmerby Beach Provincial Park in Kings Head with Route 236 near Green Oaks.

text:
# Nova Scotia Route 289

**Route 289** is a collector road in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia.

It is located in the northern and central part of the province, connecting Melmerby Beach Provincial Park in Kings Head with Route 236 near Green Oaks.

## Communities

## InfoBox

| Route 289 | |
| --- | --- |
| Route information | |
| Maintained by Nova Scotia Department of Transportation and Infrastructure Renewal | |
| Length | 98 km (61 mi) |
| Major junctions | |
| West end | Route 236 in Green Oaks |
| Major intersections | Hwy 102 / Trunk 2 in Brookfield
Route 336 in Springside
Hwy 104 (TCH) / Route 348 / Route 374 in New Glasgow |
| East end | Route 348 in Little Harbour |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | Nova Scotia |
| Counties | Colchester / Pictou |
|  | |
| Highway system | |
|  | |
| Route 277   Route 301 | |


title: The Roar of Love

abstract: The Roar of Love is a 1980 concept album and fourth studio album by Christian band 2nd Chapter of Acts, that recounts the story of The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, the first published book in The Chronicles of Narnia, a series by C. S. Lewis. It was recorded in 1976, prior to their third studio album Mansion Builder, but its release was delayed by contractual and copyright issues. According to band member Matthew Ward, all the vocals were cut in a bedroom of the house the trio lived in at the time. They converted their garage into a mixing room, knocked a hole in the bedroom wall and ran a microphone cord into it. The songs have a heavy use of synthesizers. It was reissued on the Live Oak label.

text:
# The Roar of Love

***The Roar of Love*** is a 1980 concept album and fourth studio album by Christian band 2nd Chapter of Acts, that recounts the story of *The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe*, the first published book in *The Chronicles of Narnia*, a series by C. S. Lewis. It was recorded in 1976, prior to their third studio album *Mansion Builder*, but its release was delayed by contractual and copyright issues. According to band member Matthew Ward, all the vocals were cut in a bedroom of the house the trio lived in at the time. They converted their garage into a mixing room, knocked a hole in the bedroom wall and ran a microphone cord into it. The songs have a heavy use of synthesizers. It was reissued on the Live Oak label.

## Track listing

All songs were written by Annie Herring except "White Stag" (music by Matthew Ward and lyrics by Matthew Ward, Nellie Greisen and Annie Herring).

| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Are You Goin' to Narnia?" | 3:26 |
| 2. | "Lucy's Long Gone" | 1:46 |
| 3. | "Tell the Truth" | 2:27 |
| 4. | "Turkish Delight" | 3:00 |
| 5. | "Son of Adam, Daughter of Eve" | 2:16 |
| 6. | "Christmas, Where Are You?" | 1:50 |
| 7. | "Gifts from Father Christmas" | 1:54 |
| 8. | "Aslan Is Killed" | 2:28 |
| 9. | "The Roar of Love" | 2:28 |
| 10. | "I've Heard the Stars Sing Before" | 2:13 |
| 11. | "He's Broken Thru" | 3:14 |
| 12. | "Witch's Demise / Get It Into Your Head" | 2:40 |
| 13. | "Something Is Happening in Me" | 2:03 |
| 14. | "White Stag" | 3:25 |
| Total length: | | 35:17 |

Note: On the later CD and iTunes releases, tracks 6 and 7 are combined into one simply titled "Christmas, Where Are You?", for a total of 13 tracks.

Source(s):

## Personnel

Source(s):

1. "History: 2nd Chapter of Acts".
2. "The 2nd Chapter Of Acts\* – *The Roar Of Love* (Vinyl, LP) at Discogs". Discogs. Retrieved March 27, 2016.
3. "Store – Hymns : 2nd Chapter of Acts". Retrieved March 27, 2016.

## InfoBox

| The Roar of Love | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by 2nd Chapter of Acts | |
| Released | 1980 |
| Recorded | 1978 |
| Studio |  |
| Genre | Contemporary Christian music |
| Length | 35:17 |
| Label | Sparrow |
| Producer | Buck Herring |
| 2nd Chapter of Acts chronology | |
| *Mansion Builder*
(1978) ***The Roar of Love***
(1980) *Encores*
(1981) | |
|  | |
| CD reissue cover | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Ogden, West Yorkshire

abstract: Ogden in West Yorkshire, England, is a small hamlet 5.0 miles (8 km) north of Halifax. The hamlet falls within the Calderdale Ward of Illingworth and Mixenden. Its most recognisable landmarks are Ovenden Moor wind farm, which can be seen from as far as 35 miles (56 km) away on a clear day; a golf course, which offers views of the surrounding moorland; and Ogden reservoir, around which are footpaths for visitors to walk and view the local wildlife.

text:
# Ogden, West Yorkshire

**Ogden** in West Yorkshire, England, is a small hamlet 5.0 miles (8 km) north of Halifax. The hamlet falls within the Calderdale Ward of Illingworth and Mixenden. Its most recognisable landmarks are Ovenden Moor wind farm, which can be seen from as far as 35 miles (56 km) away on a clear day; a golf course, which offers views of the surrounding moorland; and Ogden reservoir, around which are footpaths for visitors to walk and view the local wildlife.

Media related to Ogden, West Yorkshire at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Ogden | |
| --- | --- |
| The Golden Fleece public house | |
| OgdenOgdenLocation within West Yorkshire | |
| OS grid reference | SE070309 |
| Metropolitan borough |  |
| Metropolitan county |  |
| Region |  |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | HALIFAX |
| Postcode district | HX2 |
|  | |
| Police | West Yorkshire |
| Fire | West Yorkshire |
| Ambulance | Yorkshire |
|  | |
|


title: Sri Lanka Police Sports Club (cricket)

abstract: Police Sports Club is a cricket team in Sri Lanka that has played first-class cricket since the 1995–96 season.

text:
# Sri Lanka Police Sports Club (cricket)

**Police Sports Club** is a cricket team in Sri Lanka that has played first-class cricket since the 1995–96 season.

## Home ground

Police Sports Club's home ground is Police Park Ground in Colombo. The ground has hosted cricket matches since 1973 and is a regular first-class venue. The ground also hosted four Youth ODI matches in 2000 and 2007 and a Youth Test in 2007.

## Current squad

Players with international caps are listed in **bold**. Updated as of 23 July 2022

| Name | Age | Batting style | Bowling style | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Batsmen | | | | |
| **Chamara Silva** | 44 | Right-handed | Right-arm leg spin | Captain |
| Heshan Dhanushka | 26 | Left-handed | Right-arm off spin |  |
| Chathuranga Jayathilake | 33 | Left-handed | Right-arm off spin |  |
| Dulash Udayanga | 29 | Right-handed | Right-arm off spin |  |
| **Ashen Bandara** | 25 | Right-handed | Right-arm leg spin |  |
| All-rounders | | | | |
| Nadeera Balasooriya | 24 | Right-handed | Right-arm off spin |  |
| Chathuranga Kumara | 32 | Right-handed | Right-arm fast-medium |  |
| Randunu Ganganath | 21 | Right-handed | Right-arm medium-fast |  |
| Supun Madhushanka | 30 | Left-handed | Right-arm leg spin |  |
| Malith de Silva | 32 | Left-handed | Right-arm off spin |  |
| Wicket-keepers | | | | |
| Dilhara Polgampola | 24 | Left-handed | - |  |
| Maduranga Zoysa | 40 | Right-handed | - | Vice-captain |
| Saman Kumara | 39 | Right-handed | - |  |
| Gitansh Khera | 33 | Right-handed | - | Overseas Player |
| Lahiru Attanayake | 25 | Right-handed | - |  |
| Spin Bowlers | | | | |
| Nalin Priyadarshana | 34 | Right-handed | Right-arm off spin |  |
| Lahiru Diyantha | 35 | Left-handed | Slow left-arm orthodox |  |
| Charith Sudaraka | 29 | Right-handed | Slow left-arm orthodox |  |
| Manjula Jayawardene | 41 | Right-handed | Right-arm off spin |  |
| Chathura Randunu | 40 | Left-handed | Slow left-arm orthodox |  |
| Pace Bowlers | | | | |
| **Nuwan Pradeep** | 37 | Right-handed | Right-arm fast-medium |  |
| Charuka Jayathilake | 22 | Right-handed | Left-arm medium |  |

## InfoBox

Police Sports Club
| Personnel | |
| --- | --- |
| Captain | Chamara Silva |
| Team information | |
| Colours | Black |


title: Navia scopulorum

abstract: Navia scopulorum is a plant species in the genus Navia. This species is endemic to Venezuela.

text:
# Navia scopulorum

***Navia scopulorum*** is a plant species in the genus *Navia*. This species is endemic to Venezuela.

* Holst, Bruce K. (1 February 1994). "Checklist of Venezuelan Bromeliaceae with Notes on Species Distribution by State and Levels of Endemism". *Selbyana*. **15** (1). ISSN 2689-0682. JSTOR 41759858.

## InfoBox

| *Navia scopulorum* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| *Clade*: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Bromeliaceae |
| Genus: | *Navia* |
| Species: | ***N. scopulorum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Navia scopulorum***<br>L.B.Sm. | |
|


title: U.S. Residency Tour

abstract: King Gizzard & the Lizard Wizard's US Residency Tour was a concert tour of the United States that took place during June 2023. It began on 28 May 2023 with the band's performance at Boston Calling, and concluded on 21 June 2023 at the Hollywood Bowl in Hollywood Hills, California. The tour was announced on social media by bassist Lucas Harwood on 15 November.

text:
# U.S. Residency Tour

King Gizzard & the Lizard Wizard's **US Residency Tour** was a concert tour of the United States that took place during June 2023. It began on 28 May 2023 with the band's performance at Boston Calling, and concluded on 21 June 2023 at the Hollywood Bowl in Hollywood Hills, California.

The tour was announced on social media by bassist Lucas Harwood on 15 November.

## History

According to frontman Stu Mackenzie, the residency concept was inspired by the tendency of some fans of the band to attend multiple shows. He told *SPIN*:

> It’s honestly shocking, amazing, and beautiful that all these people come to multiple shows. It’s like, fuck! We’ve got to put on something good for them, because they’re the ultimate fans. That started as us trying to do unique shows every night and play a bunch of different songs, and it has evolved into us challenging ourselves to make it even more special. That feedback loop of us enjoying it, more people coming, and the venues getting bigger has led us to that place where we want to do three nights in a city so we can do three different shows, and hopefully a lot of people will come to all three.

The concept proved successful, with the band's shows at the Caverns in Pelham, Tennessee selling out so quickly that a fourth night had to be added. The band's shows at the Salt Shed would be made into the live album *Live in Chicago '23*.

The band's show at the Hollywood Bowl, at the time their largest yet, was planned to feature a guest appearance from Broderick Smith, father of keyboardist, harmonicist and vocalist Ambrose Kenny-Smith. They had planned for Smith to narrate tracks from the band's second album, Eyes Like the Sky. Smith would pass before the tour began, however, with the band opting to pay tribute at the beginning of the show. In a concert review for *PopMatters*, Greg M. Schwartz called it a "touching tribute" and a "poignant moment in King Gizzard & the Lizard Wizard history".

## Reception

The tour attracted praise for its large and varied sets. In a review for *Atwood Magazine*, Max Kalnitz said of the tour "To say these shows were special would be an understatement. In the same way that Deadheads look back on the spring of 1977 and Phish fans do for the fall of 1997, I think Gizz fans will look back on the residencies of 2023 and acknowledge that they were some of the best shows the band ever played."

## Tour dates

List of concerts
| Date | City | Country | Venue | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| May 28, 2023 | Boston | United States | Boston Calling |  |
| June 1, 2023 | Pelham | | The Caverns Underground | |
| June 2, 2023 | | ||
| June 3, 2023 | | | The Caverns Amphitheatre | |
| June 4, 2023 | | ||
| June 7, 2023 | Morrison | | Red Rocks Amphitheatre | |
| June 8, 2023 | | | Two shows in one day, one early and one late |
| June 11, 2023 | Chicago | | The Salt Shed |  |
| June 12, 2023 | | | |
| June 13, 2023 | | | |
| June 16, 2023 | Carnation | | | Remlinger Farms |
| June 17, 2023 | | | |
| June 18, 2023 | | | |
| June 21, 2023 | Los Angeles | | Hollywood Bowl | 3-hour marathon set |
||

1. Cohen, Jonathan. "King Gizzard and the Lizard Wizard Sets 2023 U.S. Residency Tour". *SPIN*. Retrieved 30 January 2024.
2. O'Brien, Andrew. "UPDATE: King Gizzard & The Lizard Wizard Announce 2023 U.S. Residency Tour \[Video\]". *Live for Live Music*. Retrieved 29 January 2024.
3. "King Gizzard honors Broderick Smith in three-hour set at Hollywood Bowl". *Jam in the Stream*. Retrieved 30 January 2024.
4. Schwartz, Greg M. "KING GIZZARD & THE LIZARD WIZARD LIGHT UP SUMMER SOLSTICE AT THE HOLLYWOOD BOWL". *PopMatters*. Retrieved 30 January 2024.
5. Rauert, Eric. "KING GIZZARD – LIVE @ THE CAVERNS AMPHITHEATER". *AMP*. Retrieved 30 January 2024.
6. Kalnitz, Max. "LIVE REVIEW: KING GIZZARD & THE LIZARD WIZARD ROCK 4 NIGHTS OF NO REPEATS IN RURAL TENNESSEE". *Atwood Magazine*. Retrieved 30 January 2024.

## InfoBox

King Gizzard & the Lizard Wizard US Residency Tour
| Tour by King Gizzard & the Lizard Wizard | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Start date | 28 May 2023 |
| End date | 21 June 2023 |
| Legs | 1 |
| No. of shows | 15 |
| King Gizzard & the Lizard Wizard concert chronology | |


title: Warázu language

abstract: Warázu, also known as Pauserna or Guarasugwé (Guarasú'we), is a moribund Tupi–Guaraní language of Brazil. It was also formerly spoken in Bolivia. It is spoken by the Guarasugwé people, who were estimated to number 125 according to a census in 2012.

text:
# Warázu language

**Warázu**, also known as **Pauserna** or **Guarasugwé** (Guarasú'we), is a moribund Tupi–Guaraní language of Brazil. It was also formerly spoken in Bolivia. It is spoken by the Guarasugwé people, who were estimated to number 125 according to a census in 2012.

## Classification

Warázu is most closely related to Sirionó and Yuki (Yuqui). Ramirez (2017) places the classification of Warázu in the Guaraní subgroup of the Tupi-Guarani languages as follows:

## Names

Speakers are also known as Guaraiutá, Guaraju, Pauserna, Guarasugwe, or Warazúkwe \[waɾaðúkwe\].

## Demographics

Ramirez (2017) found only 2 remaining speakers of Warázu, an elderly couple consisting of Känä́tsɨ \[kənə́tsɨ\] (José Frei Leite) and Híwa (Ernestina Moreno). They were born in Riozinho (Urukuríti) in Rondônia, Brazil, and moved back and forth between Brazil and Bolivia until finally settling in Pimenteiras do Oeste, Rondônia.

Traditionally, the Warázu people had lived in the following 7 villages along the banks of the Guaporé River. However, the Warázu language is no longer spoken in these localities.

* Riozinho (Urukurɨ́ti) (on the banks of the Riozinho River, a tributary of the Guaporé River), Brazil
* Acurizal, Brazil
* Campo Grande (on the banks of the Paragúa River, a tributary of the Guaporé River), Bolivia
* Bella Vista, Bolivia
* Jangada, Bolivia
* Barranco Vermelho, Bolivia
* Flechas, Bolivia

## Phonology

Phonological inventory of Warázu:

### Consonants

|  | Labial | Alveolar | | Velar | Glottal |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | plain | sibilant | | |
| Nasal |  |  |  |  |  |
| Plosive |  |  | t͡s |  |  |
| Continuant |  |  |  | w/kʷ |  |
| Trill |  |  |  |  |  |

Allophones:

* \[ɲ\], allophone of /n/
* \[ɾʲ\], allophone of /ɾ/
* \[tʲ\], allophone of /t/
* \[ʝ\], allophone of /ð/

### Vowels

|  | Front | Central | Back |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Close |  |  |  |
| Mid |  |  |  |
| Open |  |  |  |

Syllabic structure is **(C)V** or **(C)VV**.

## Pronouns

Warázu pronouns:

| pronoun | Warázu |
| --- | --- |
| I | tsé |
| you (sg.) | né \[á-pe\] |
| we (excl.) | óre |
| we (incl.) | ðáne |
| you (pl.) | pé \[peðó-pe\] |
| he, she | áʔe |

## Vocabulary

For a list of Warázu plant and animal names from Ramirez (2017), see the corresponding Portuguese article.

## Further reading

* Anonymous (2015). *Diccionario flora y fauna gwarasu*. Santa Cruz de la Sierra: Talleres Gráficos Kipus.
* Riester, Jürgen (1972). *Die Pauserna-Guarasug’wä. Monographie eines Tupi-Guaraní-Volkes in Ostbolivien*. St. Augustin bein Bonn: Verlag des Anthropos-Instituts.
* Riester, Jürgen (1976). *En busca de la Loma Santa. Indígenas en el Oriente Boliviano. Análisis de su situación actual*. La Paz: Editorial Los Amigos del Libro.
* Riester, Jürgen (1977). *Los Guarasug’wé: Crónica de sus últimos días*. La Paz: Editorial Los Amigos del Libro.

## InfoBox

| Warázu | |
| --- | --- |
| Pauserna | |
| Guarasugwé | |
| Native to | Bolivia |
| Region | Rondônia, Brazil and Beni Department, Bolivia |
| Ethnicity | 46 (2000) |
| Extinct | Late 20th century |
| Language family | Tupian |
| Official status | |
| Official language in | Bolivia |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | `psm` |
| *Glottolog* | `paus1244` |
| ELP | Pauserna |


title: Lincoln Highway Hackensack River Bridge

abstract: The Lincoln Highway Hackensack River Bridge is a vehicular vertical lift bridge crossing the Hackensack River at a point 1.8 mi (2.9 km) from the river mouth at Newark Bay in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. The bridge, along the route of the Lincoln Highway, carries U.S. Route 1/9 Truck and the East Coast Greenway between the West Side of Jersey City and Kearny Point in Kearny. The most recent of many crossings at the location, the current bridge was completed in 1954. It is owned by and operated by the New Jersey Department of Transportation (NJDOT), and is required by the Title 33 of the Code of Federal Regulations to open on signal for maritime traffic. In 2007 it was designated the Shawn Carson and Robert Nguyen Memorial Bridge.

text:
# Lincoln Highway Hackensack River Bridge

The **Lincoln Highway Hackensack River Bridge** is a vehicular vertical lift bridge crossing the Hackensack River at a point 1.8 mi (2.9 km) from the river mouth at Newark Bay in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. The bridge, along the route of the Lincoln Highway, carries U.S. Route 1/9 Truck (at milepoint 1.72) and the East Coast Greenway between the West Side of Jersey City and Kearny Point in Kearny. The most recent of many crossings at the location, the current bridge was completed in 1954. It is owned by and operated by the New Jersey Department of Transportation (NJDOT), and is required by the Title 33 of the Code of Federal Regulations to open on signal for maritime traffic. In 2007 it was designated the **Shawn Carson and Robert Nguyen Memorial Bridge**.

## Location

The Lincoln Highway Bridge crosses the Hackensack River in the vicinity of the river's Droyer's Reach and Marion Reach. Along the east bank of the river Hudson Mall and Droyer's Point lie to the south of the bridge, and Lincoln Park and the Marion Section lie to the north. The west bank at Kearny Point is an industrial and distribution warehouse area. During the first half of the 20th century it was a site of yards of the Federal Shipbuilding and Drydock Company. The eastern approach to the bridge is fed by Communipaw Avenue (CR 612) from the east, Route 440 from the south, and Route 1/9 Truck from the north. The bridge is an important component in the transportation of goods in the Port of New York and New Jersey. The Lincoln Highway Passaic River Bridge crosses the Passaic River to Port Newark and Newark Airport. Since the nearby Pulaski Skyway prohibits trucks they often use Route 1/9 Truck to serve the numerous intermodal freight transport facilities in the New Jersey Meadowlands and to access the Holland Tunnel.

## Early roads and crossings

In 1765, the Assembly of the Province of New Jersey authorised construction of a new plank road connecting the city of Newark to the Hudson Waterfront at Paulus Hook (now Exchange Place in Jersey City). It incorporated an existing road, now Ferry Street (Newark), on the west bank of the Passaic River and another across the southern tip of New Barbadoes Neck to the Hackensack. From the Hackensack the road travelled eastward over Bergen Hill and connected with another colonial turnpike, later known as Bergen Point Plank Road, at Communipaw Junction in what was then Bergen Township. Cable ferry service preceded the construction of the first fixed crossing in the immediate vicinity of the current bridge. The crossing was known as Brown's Ferry for the man who operated the ferries across the rivers. Built in the early 19th century, the Morris Canal route crossed the rivers parallel to the ferry crossing, and later, the turnpike bridges.

## First, fallen and failed bridges

In 1849 a charter was granted by the New Jersey General Assembly to a corporation to upgrade and operate the toll road, which became known as the Newark Plank Road. Soon after, the *"Newark Plank Road and Ferry Company"* requested and received permission to build bridges over the Hackensack and Passaic rivers, a request contested by stockholders of the rival *"Proprietors of Bridges over the Rivers Passaic and Hackensack"*, which operated the Newark Turnpike over the rivers and Hackensack Meadows. They maintained that a monopoly for bridges had been granted in their 1790s charter. A bridge across the Hackensack was built by 1856, but one across the Passaic was the subject of litigation. A survey published in 1865 described the Hackensack bridge as a wooden half-pivot draw.

Streetcar service along the plank road was initiated in 1895 by a predecessor of the Public Service Railway, later becoming part of its Newark-Jersey City Line (#1). (Today's New Jersey Transit bus service #1 retains the number along the route.) A new bridge was constructed in 1906.

During the Good Roads Movement the road and bridges were again renewed in conjunction with the creation of the Lincoln Highway, the first transcontinental highway in the USA. On December 13, 1913 New Jersey dedicated the new "Lincoln Way" after having spent $1.25 million on a widening and re-paving project in the northeastern part of the state. By the early 1920s this part of the route of the Lincoln Highway, including the bridges spanning the rivers, was among the most heavily used roads in the United States. A survey conducted in 1920 by county officials counted 11,000 crossings of the river in a 15-hour period. In 1921 it was reported that a survey had counted 12,000 crossing in a busy period, and 4,011 one-way crossings within one hour.

On June 22, 1922 the 150 feet (46 m) steamship *Glenaruel* collided with the bridge, first hitting the bulkhead and then swerving to hit the span which had been opened to let it pass. The iron structure toppled and was considered irreparable. The destroyed structure was replaced in 1927 with a double leaf bascule bridge. In little more than a year's time, on December 15, 1928, that bridge failed when the east leaf of the bridge and its trunnion fell into the river. It was later determined that the design of the bridge was capable of bearing loads crossing the roadway but not of handling the stresses of opening and closing the bridge, which had led to metal fatigue.

## Operations

Construction of the current vertical lift bridge began in 1951. It cost approximately $8 million to build and was opened in June 1954 with a ceremony officiated by Governor Robert B. Meyner Built of steel and concrete, it is 1,480.1 feet (451.1 m) long, 73.5 feet (22.4 m) tall, and 75 feet (23 m) wide. It carries the six-lane highway designated U.S. Route 1/9 Truck and part of the East Coast Greenway. The bridge was rehabilitated in 2003. Repairs to steel work and repainting funded by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 were conducted in 2009-2011. The central span between dual towers of black steel is horizontally raised and lowered by engines and counterweights. The design of the structure recalls the industrial era of America.

The bridge's lift span is 222.1 feet (67.7 m) long. It and that of the next upstream vehicular vertical bridge (the Wittpenn) are required by federal regulations be raised on demand at all times. The Lower Hackensack River is channelized to MP 3.4, where there is a turning basin. At one time the river was major waterway for the Port of New York and New Jersey. It remains partially navigable for commercial maritime traffic, notably coal deliveries to the Hudson Generating Station. In 1936, the predecessor to the current bridge is reported to have opened as frequently as 48 times per day. In 2005, the Lincoln Highway Bridge opened 20-30 times per month. As of 2014, the bridge opened 1000 per year.

## Accident and dedication

On December 25, 2005, two Jersey City police officers died while on duty after their rescue vehicle plunged into the river from the bridge. Shawn Carson and Robert Nguyen were summoned by colleagues to bring additional flares to the western approach to the bridge to better regulate traffic. Extreme weather conditions had caused poor visibility, and the gate that normally lowers when the bridge is in the open position had been malfunctioning for some time. The officers drove across the bridge and delivered the flares. They did not know that the lift span had then been raised, and as they were making their return trip, their vehicle went over the edge of the open bridge. While the body of Carsen was recovered approximately 90 minutes after the accident, that of Nguyen was not found until December 29. After an investigation the bridgetenders were cleared of any wrongdoing in January 2006. According to the NJDOT, the barrier was experiencing continuous problems due to an earlier accident, and the agency was waiting for replacement equipment to do repairs. Unsatisfied with the agency's findings, the Jersey City Police found that the NJDOT, knowing that there were problems, should not have relied on local police for public safety. A new barrier gate was eventually installed in June 2006. On May 9, 2007, the New Jersey Legislature adopted a joint resolution designating the crossing the "Shawn Carson and Robert Nguyen Memorial Bridge".

## InfoBox

| Lincoln Highway Bridge | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Coordinates | 40°43′38″N 74°5′56″W / 40.72722°N 74.09889°W / 40.72722; -74.09889 |
| Carries |
US 1/9 Truck
Lincoln Highway
East Coast Greenway |
| Crosses | Hackensack River |
| Locale | Jersey City and Kearny |
| Other name(s) | Shawn Carson and Robert Nguyen Memorial Bridge
Route 1&9 Lincoln Highway Bridge
Rte 1&9 Hackensack River Bridge |
| Owner | New Jersey Department of Transportation |
| Characteristics | |
| Design | Vertical lift |
| Material | Steel |
| Total length | 1,480.1 feet (451.1 m) |
| Width | 73.5 feet (22.4 m) |
| Height | 75 feet (23 m) |
| Longest span | 222.1 feet (67.7 m) |
| Clearance above | 16.2 feet (4.9 m) |
| Clearance below | 35 feet (11 m) (mean high water)
40 feet (12 m) (mean low water) |
| History | |
| Construction start | 1951 |
| Construction end | 1954 |
| Location | |
|  | |


title: The Roaring Days of Sixty Eight

abstract: The Roaring Days of Sixty Eight is a 1912 Australian film set during the Australian gold rush. It is presumed to be a lost film. The film was reported as being in "active preparation" in December 1911. It appears to have been released in January 1911. Its length has been given as 4000 feet, 3,500 feet or 3,000 feet.

text:
# The Roaring Days of Sixty Eight

***The Roaring Days of Sixty Eight*** is a 1912 Australian film set during the Australian gold rush.

It is presumed to be a lost film.

The film was reported as being in "active preparation" in December 1911. It appears to have been released in January 1911.

Its length has been given as 4000 feet, 3,500 feet or 3,000 feet.

## Synopsis

* Out in Australia
* The Great Bank Robbery
* Goulder Sentenced to the Prison Hulks
* The Convict's Revolt
* Sensational Fight with the Warders

## InfoBox

| The Roaring Days of Sixty Eight | |
| --- | --- |
| Production<br>company | Australian Film Company |
| Release date | * 11 January 1912 (1912-01-11) |
| Running time | 4,000 feet |
| Country | Australia |
| Language | English |


abstract: Old Mill School is one of 5 public elementary schools in Mill Valley, California, along with Park, Tamalpais Valley, Edna Maguire, and Strawberry Point Schools. The main building, built in 1921, is the oldest existing public elementary school building in Mill Valley. At the beginning of the 2015 school year, there were 333 students at Old Mill in kindergarten through 5th grades, and 14 grade-level teachers assisted by subject-specific teachers and teacher's aides.

text:
# Old Mill School (Mill Valley, California)

37°54′21″N 122°33′09″W / 37.90583°N 122.55250°W / 37.90583; -122.55250

**Old Mill School** is one of 5 public elementary schools in Mill Valley, California, along with Park, Tamalpais Valley, Edna Maguire, and Strawberry Point Schools. The main building, built in 1921, is the oldest existing public elementary school building in Mill Valley. At the beginning of the 2015 school year, there were 333 students at Old Mill in kindergarten through 5th grades, and 14 grade-level teachers assisted by subject-specific teachers and teacher's aides.

## History

* In 1918 school trustees purchased a 2.5-acre (10,000 m2) lot bordered by Old Mill Street, Elma Street, Lovell Avenue, and Throckmorton Avenue to build a new school to replace the Summit School.
* On November 19, 1921 Old Mill School opened. Total construction cost, including equipment, was $85,000.
* In the 1930s Old Mill received a seismic retrofit along with the addition of classrooms 1, 2, and 3 on the Elma Street side of the school.
* In the late 1950s classrooms 9, 10, 11, and 12 were added on the Old Mill Street side of the school.
* In 1995 Old Mill School underwent a major, 3-year renovation, including the addition of a new library/multimedia center, an art/science facility, a new gymnasium/auditorium, and a new administration core.
* In 1997 two new modular classrooms were added on the Elma Street side of the upper yard because of a class size reduction policy adopted by the Mill Valley School District.
* Old Mill School celebrated its 100th anniversary Nov 19, 2021.

## Trivia

## Awards

1. U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Old Mill School (Mill Valley, California)
2. U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Old Mill School (Mill Valley, California)
3. Mill Valley The Early Years, First Edition, Potrero Meadow Publishing Co., 2001.
4. Gideon Rubin (Nov 17, 2021). "Storied Mill Valley School Readies For Centennial Celebration". *Patch.com*. Patch. Retrieved Mar 14, 2022.
5. 1892 photo of the sulphur springs

## InfoBox

| Old Mill School | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | |
|  | |
| 352 Throckmorton Avenue
Mill Valley, CA 94941 | |
| Information | |
| Type | Public |
| Established | 1921 |
| School district | Mill Valley School District |
| Principal | Jason Matlon |
| Grades | K - 5 |
| Number of students | 333 |
| Color(s) | Red and Black |
| Information | (415) 389-7727 |
| Website | http://www.mvschools.org/om |


abstract: The Springdale Historic District is a national historic district that is located in New Hope, Bucks County, Pennsylvania. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

text:
# Springdale Historic District (New Hope, Pennsylvania)

The **Springdale Historic District** is a national historic district that is located in New Hope, Bucks County, Pennsylvania.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

## History and architectural features

This district includes twenty-nine contributing buildings that are located in a rural industrial area in the borough of New Hope. Notable buildings include the Heath House/Huffnagle-Hood Mansion and grist mill, the James Magill House (1790), a three-story stone textile mill, the Conrad Hartman Store (c. 1820), and small single-family dwellings for Black and unskilled laborers.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Springdale Historic District | |
| U.S. National Register of Historic Places | |
| U.S. Historic district | |
|  | |
| Springdale Historic District, Hartman House. November 2012. | |
|  | |
| Location | Mechanic St., Old York, S. Sugan, and Stoney Hill Rds., New Hope, Pennsylvania |
| Coordinates | 40°21′43″N 74°57′50″W / 40.36194°N 74.96389°W / 40.36194; -74.96389 |
| Area | 25.3 acres (10.2 ha) |
| Architect | Maris, William |
| MPS | New Hope MRA |
| NRHP reference No. | 85000461 |
| Added to NRHP | March 6, 1985 |


abstract: The National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD) is a Nigerian institution charged with developing drugs, biological products, and pharmaceutical raw materials, conducting quality-assurance tests, research for locally manufactured medicines and constituting guidelines for their production. Founded in 1987, it was a parastatal under the Federal Ministry of Science and Technology. In 2001, it was moved to Federal Ministry of Health.

text:
# National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development

The **National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development** (**NIPRD**) is a Nigerian institution charged with developing drugs, biological products, and pharmaceutical raw materials, conducting quality-assurance tests, research for locally manufactured medicines and constituting guidelines for their production. Founded in 1987, it was a parastatal under the Federal Ministry of Science and Technology. In 2001, it was moved to Federal Ministry of Health.

## History

* In August 2018, NIPRD got ISO/IEC 17025 accreditation, for meeting international standards for testing medicines, food, cosmetics, agricultural products, and herbal products.
* In July 2019, under the leadership of Dr. Obi Peter Adigwe, NIPRD announced that they had developed six traditional herbal products for the treatment and management of Ebola, malaria, sickle cell anaemia and other diseases.
* In August 2021, African Export-Import Bank awarded $400,000 grants to NIPRD to boost local production of active pharmaceutical ingredients.
* In April 2022, the NIPRD signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, to improve the industry value chain for traditional medicine in Nigeria and Africa.
* In August 2022, the NIPRD constituted a Disease Detection and Prevention Consortium along with University of Sheffield, Usman Danfodiyo University and the West African Health Organization.

## Major drug developments

### Niprisan

The NIPRD produces Niprisan for the management of sickle cell disorders. It is commercialized as Niclovix. Niprisan is a phytochemical formulated from parts of four different indigenous plants (*Piper guineense* seeds, *Pterocarpus* *osun* stem, *Eugenia caryophyllus* fruit and *Sorghum bicolor* leaves). In June 2018, May & Baker signed a production agreement with NIPRD for the commercialization of Niprisan in Nigeria.

In July 2022, The Director-General of NIPRD, Dr. Obi Peter Adigwe, announced that more than 40 countries buy Niprisan from Nigeria.

### Niprimune

In March 2020, under the directive of the Federal Government, the NIPRD started developing models to identify herbal medicines to combat COVID-19. By early 2021, NIPRD had discovered Niprimune, a locally made phytomedicine as an adjunct for the management of COVID-19 and was approved by the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC). The Institute had decried lack of funding to advance its production and further research.

## Controversies

* In 2015, Premium Times reported that the then Director General, Prof Karniyus Gamaniel, was violating civil service rules by refusing to advertise available vacancies but instead sharing slots and conducting shabby interviews leading to job racketeering in the institution. In a follow-up report, Gamaniel said the vacancies were not advertised because the candidates were selected from an existing database of applicants from previous job adverts.
* In April 2016, the then Director General, Prof Karniyus Gamaniel, was reported to Economic and Financial Crimes Commission, and the Independent Corrupt Practices Commission for allegedly embezzling $514,000.36 out of a $744,000.38 World Bank grant given to develop anti-diabetic phytomedicine, also knows as STEP-B Project, and another N33 million meant for the payment of the salaries of NIPRD's staff in 2014. Gamaniel denied the allegations.

## InfoBox

National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development
|
|  |
| Abbreviation | NIPRD |
| Founded | 1987 (1987) |
| Headquarters | Abuja, FCT, Nigeria |
| Coordinates | 9°02′51″N 7°20′29″E / 9.0475°N 7.3415°E / 9.0475; 7.3415 |
| Official language | English |
| Director General | Obi Peter Adigwe |
| Parent organization | Federal Ministry of Health |
| Website | https://www.niprd.gov.ng |


abstract: The eight U.S. regional fishery management councils are the primary forums for developing conservation and management measures for U.S. marine fisheries. The regional councils recommend management measures for fisheries in the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ); which are subject to approval and implemented by the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS). The councils were established by the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act in 1976. In 1996, revisions to the laws governing the regional fishery management councils were made by the Sustainable Fisheries Act, which includes provisions to reduce bycatch, consider the effects of management decisions on communities, and protect essential fish habitats. The councils are composed of individuals with a stake in the fishery. This includes federal and state officials, primarily from the National Marine Fisheries Service and the Fish and Wildlife Service. Additionally, councils have at-large and obligatory members selected by state governors to represent non-government stakeholders and special interests such as commercial fishermen, fisheries scientists, and charter boat owners.

text:
# U.S. Regional Fishery Management Councils

The eight **U.S. regional fishery management councils** are the primary forums for developing conservation and management measures for U.S. marine fisheries. The regional councils recommend management measures for fisheries in the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ); which are subject to approval and implemented by the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS). The councils were established by the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act in 1976. In 1996, revisions to the laws governing the regional fishery management councils were made by the Sustainable Fisheries Act, which includes provisions to reduce bycatch, consider the effects of management decisions on communities, and protect essential fish habitats.

The councils are composed of individuals with a stake in the fishery. This includes federal and state officials, primarily from the National Marine Fisheries Service and the Fish and Wildlife Service. Additionally, councils have at-large and obligatory members selected by state governors to represent non-government stakeholders and special interests such as commercial fishermen, fisheries scientists, and charter boat owners.

| **U.S. Regional Fishery Management Councils** | |
| --- | --- |
| Regional council | Note |
| Western Pacific | The Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council’s jurisdiction includes the US exclusive economic zone (EEZ) waters (generally 3–200 miles offshore) around the State of Hawaii; US Territories of American Samoa and Guam; the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI); and the US Pacific remote island areas of Johnston, Midway, Palmyra and Wake Atolls; Baker, Howland and Jarvis Islands; and Kingman Reef. This area of nearly 1.5 million square miles is the size of the continental United States and constitutes about half of the entire US EEZ. It spans both sides of the equator and both sides of the dateline. The Council also manages domestic fisheries based in the US Pacific Islands that operate on the high seas. |
| North Pacific | The North Pacific Fishery Management Council (NPFMC) is one of eight regional councils established by the Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act in 1976 to manage the fisheries of the US. With jurisdiction over the 900,000-square-mile (2,300,000 km2) Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) off Alaska, the Council has primary responsibility for groundfish management in the Gulf of Alaska, Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands, including cod, pollock, flatfish, mackerel, sablefish, and rockfish species. Other large Alaska fisheries such as salmon, crab and herring are managed primarily by the State of Alaska. |
| Pacific | Develops regulations for fisheries in the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) off Washington, Oregon, and California. This area of ocean is also known as the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem. |
| Gulf of Mexico | Prepares fishery management plans for the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) in the Gulf of Mexico. The Gulf of Mexico Fishery Management Council (Gulf Council) consists of 17 voting members: the Southeast Regional Administrator of the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), the directors of the five Gulf state marine resource management agencies (Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida), and 11 members who are nominated by the state governors, and appointed by the United States Secretary of Commerce. The Gulf Council currently has 10 fishery management plans that set management parameters for: Coastal Migratory Pelagics, Red Drum, Reef Fish, Shrimp, Spiny Lobster, Florida Stone Crab, Coral and Coral Reefs, Essential Fish Habitat, Aquaculture, and generic amendments in the EEZ of the Gulf of Mexico. |
| New England | The New England council develops fisheries management plans for the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) off the coasts of Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut. There are 18 voting members and 4 non-voting members in total. The first member is the NOAA Fisheries Regional Administrator of the Greater Atlantic Region, they serve as the federal representative. The next 5 members are the directors of the marine fishery management programs in each state. The remaining 12 members are nominated by the governors of each state. There are currently 9 fisheries management plans (FMPs) enacted in the New England region. They focus primarily on economically and historically valuable fisheries such as Groundfish and Sea Scallop. |
| Mid-Atlantic | The Mid-Atlantic council is responsible for the 3-200 mile Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) off the coasts of New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, and North Carolina. One of the largest councils, there are 21 voting members and 4 non-voting members. Since the Mid-Atlantic council has seven states there are seven state representatives consisting of either the head of state marine fisheries management program or related designee. Additionally, there are 13 private citizens appointed by the governors of their states. The Mid-Atlantic council has Fisheries Management Plans involving multiple species at a time. First, is the Summer Flounder, Scup, and Black Sea Bass FMP which successfully rebuilt the Black Sea Bass fishery. Second, is the Atlantic Mackerel, Squid, and Butterfish FMP. Third, is the Surfclams and Ocean Quahogs FMP which was the first plan in the United States to introduce Individual Transferable Quotas (ITQ). Finally, the Mid-Atlantic council manages Bluefish and Tilefish. The Monkfish and Spiny Dogfish fisheries management plans are actually a collaborative effort between the Mid-Atlantic and New England councils. |
| South Atlantic | The South Atlantic Council maintains the fisheries management plans in North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida. They are responsible for the fishing within the 3-200 mile Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) and must account for the boundary interaction with Bermuda, Cuba, and the Bahamas. The council is made up of only 13 voting members and 4 non-voting members making it one of the smallest councils. Despite being one of the smallest councils, the South Atlantic has 8 Fisheries Management Plans. They primarily focus on economically valuable fisheries like the Rock Shrimp fishery. Additionally, they have Coral and Sargassum plans unlike other councils which only have fish plans or an overarching habitat plan. |
| Caribbean | The Caribbean Council represents the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. They are the smallest council with only seven voting members and 3 non-voting members. The Fisheries management plans of the Caribbean region are primarily reef dwellers including reef fish, corals, and reef associated invertebrates. Queen Conch and Spiny Lobster are vital, economically important species in the region so they each have their own FMPs. |

## Further reading


title: Warzyn Pierwszy

abstract: Warzyn Pierwszy is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Nagłowice, within Jędrzejów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) south-east of Nagłowice, 9 km (6 mi) west of Jędrzejów, and 42 km (26 mi) south-west of the regional capital Kielce.

text:
# Warzyn Pierwszy

**Warzyn Pierwszy** \[ˈvaʐɨn ˈpjɛrfʂɨ\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Nagłowice, within Jędrzejów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 8 kilometres (5 mi) south-east of Nagłowice, 9 km (6 mi) west of Jędrzejów, and 42 km (26 mi) south-west of the regional capital Kielce.

## InfoBox

| Warzyn Pierwszy | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Warzyn Pierwszy | |
| Coordinates: 50°38′N 20°11′E / 50.633°N 20.183°E / 50.633; 20.183 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Świętokrzyskie |
| County | Jędrzejów |
| Gmina | Nagłowice |


title: Lincoln Hills, Colorado

abstract: Lincoln Hills in Gilpin County, Colorado, the United States, was a vacation resort for African-Americans. Lincoln Hills was created in 1922 by E.C. Regnier and Roger Ewalt, and was the only resort for African Americans west of the Mississippi River. Lincoln Hills served as a reprieve from segregation for middle class African-Americans in the 20th century.

text:
# Lincoln Hills, Colorado

**Lincoln Hills** in Gilpin County, Colorado, the United States, was a vacation resort for African-Americans. Lincoln Hills was created in 1922 by E.C. Regnier and Roger Ewalt, and was the only resort for African Americans west of the Mississippi River. Lincoln Hills served as a reprieve from segregation for middle class African-Americans in the 20th century.

## Creation

By the 1920s, Denver, Colorado, had a thriving African American population living largely in the Five Points neighborhood. However, due to rising racial tensions in America and the presence of the Ku Klux Klan in Denver, many African Americans faced hostility living in Denver. Denver businessmen E.C. Regnier and Roger Ewalt co-founded Lincoln Hills Development Company (LHDC) in 1922. Regnier and Ewalt, both African American men, purchased over 100 acres 38 miles West of Denver. Regnier and Ewalt believed African Americans should be able to enjoy the mountain landscape and have a resort to escape the racial tensions of Denver. The men sold small land plots to African Americans which were usually 25 ft by 100 ft and had a price ranging from $5-$100. Many plots were used as campsites, however some families built rustic cabins. Regnier and Ewalt sold over 600 plots of land to middle class African American families who were located all across Colorado.

## Legacy

Lincoln Hills grew in size throughout the early 20th century and came to serve as renowned mountain resort for African American families. The resort served as the location for Camp Nizhoni, a YMCA girls camp that served African American women and girls who were prohibited from attending other YMCA camps due to segregation. Memoirs from Lincoln Hills describe the picturesque mountain landscape and the camaraderie that formed between many African American families who would return to the resort annually. During the Great Depression many African American families were forced to abandon their annual vacation plans. Moreover, the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 allowed for the integration of African Americans into White resorts and clubs, thus Lincoln Hills had less of an appeal. Lincoln Hills officially closed in 1966.

In 1980 Lincoln Hills was placed on the National Register of Historic Places due to the unique opportunity it afforded African American families.

In 2007, Matthew Burkett purchased the resort to preserve it. Currently, the non-profit organization Lincoln Hills Cares operates youth and family programs at the resort to expand access to the outdoors to African American and Latino families in the Denver region.

1. "Lincoln Hills Country Club". *Denver Public Library History*. 2017-09-20. Retrieved 2019-06-29.
2. "A Proud Heritage". *Lincoln Hills Cares*. Retrieved 2019-06-29.
3. "Lincoln Hills | Conflict | Rocky Mountain PBS". *Lincoln Hills | Conflict | Rocky Mountain PBS*. Retrieved 2019-07-06.
4. "Lincoln Hills History". *www.historiclincolnhills.com*. Retrieved 2019-06-29.
5. Post, Claire Martin | The Denver (2009-02-14). "A resort to remember". *The Denver Post*. Retrieved 2019-07-06.
6. yongli (2016-08-29). "Lincoln Hills". *coloradoencyclopedia.org*. Retrieved 2019-06-29.
7. "During Segregation, A Mountain Oasis Gave Black Families A Summer Escape". *NPR.org*. Retrieved 2019-07-06.
8. "Lincoln Hills Country Club (1922-1966) • BlackPast". *BlackPast*. 2007-09-29. Retrieved 2019-07-06.
9. "Welcome to Lincoln Hills Cares. We create unforgettable Colorado experiences". *Lincoln Hills Cares*. Retrieved 2019-07-06.

39°55′21″N 105°27′30″W / 39.92250°N 105.45833°W / 39.92250; -105.45833


title: Novemthree Siahaan

abstract: Novemthree Siahaan was an Indonesian boy who had the rare condition gigantiform cementoma. According to the Financial Times, he had "the largest recorded facial tumour". The story of his life garnered much media attention when he was taken to Taiwan for treatment. His surgeries were filmed for international broadcast on the Discovery Health Channel. Siahaan was from Batam Island, Indonesia.

text:
# Novemthree Siahaan

**Novemthree Siahaan** (3 November 1998 – 14 September 2005) was an Indonesian boy who had the rare condition gigantiform cementoma. According to the *Financial Times*, he had "the largest recorded facial tumour". The story of his life garnered much media attention when he was taken to Taiwan for treatment. His surgeries were filmed for international broadcast on the Discovery Health Channel. Siahaan was from Batam Island, Indonesia.

## Media

Novemthree's story was shared on the Discovery Health Channel in 2005. Channel 5 covered Siahaan in a story titled "Extraordinary People: The Boy with a Tumour for a Face". He was profiled by the BBC.

Novemthree's condition was brought to the attention of David Liu, a missionary for the Tsu Chi Foundation in Taiwan. Seeing the seriousness of the boys tumor growths, Liu arranged for Novemthree and his father to be flown to Tsu Chi to begin treatments in early 2003. After four painful operations, Novemthree's face was reconstructed to resemble that of a normal boy. After learning how to talk, walk and eat, he and his father returned home in summer. It was originally felt that surgeries every year or two would keep the tumors manageable until Novemthree was grown and bone grafts could be performed. A year later, Novemthree's tumors had grown back at an alarming rate and his breathing became restricted. Doctors brought him back to Tsu Chi where it was decided that a permanent tracheotomy would be required which would be difficult to maintain in the unsanitary conditions of his village. Novemthree would require more painful operations which would result in facial skin dying and his appearance once again would become distorted. His mother returned with him to Batam to give consideration of this with his dad. A few weeks later as his mother was bringing him breakfast she discovered he died early on September 15, 2005. Tsu Chi paid for his burial.

Since Novemthree's death, his parents gave birth to two more sons. They and his brother Saut did not develop the same illness that plagued their oldest sibling. The family of five still live in the same impoverished apartment in Batam. Novemthree's pink panther doll still hangs in the room he used to sleep in with brother Saut.


abstract: The 1925 Campbell Fighting Camels football team represented Campbell University during the 1925 college football season. They finished with a 2–0 record.

text:
# 1925 Campbell Fighting Camels football team

The **1925 Campbell Fighting Camels football team** represented Campbell University during the 1925 college football season. They finished with a 2–0 record.

## Schedule

| Date | Opponent | Site | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *Unknown* | Carthage | *Unknown* | W 7–0 |
| *Unknown* | Duke (NC) HS | *Unknown* | W 20–0 |

## InfoBox

| 1925 Campbell Fighting Camels football | |
| --- | --- |
| Conference | Independent |
| Record | 2–0 |
| Head coach | * Edge (1st season) * Baker |
|


title: The Roaring Days

abstract: "The Roaring Days" (1889) is a poem by Australian poet Henry Lawson. It was originally published in The Bulletin on 21 December 1889, and subsequently reprinted in a collection of the author's poems, other newspapers and periodicals and a number of Australian poetry anthologies.

text:
# The Roaring Days

**"The Roaring Days"** (1889) is a poem by Australian poet Henry Lawson.

It was originally published in *The Bulletin* on 21 December 1889, and subsequently reprinted in a collection of the author's poems, other newspapers and periodicals and a number of Australian poetry anthologies.

## Critical reception

When reviewing Lawson's poetry collection *In the Days when the World was Wide and Other Verses*, a writer in *The Evening News* (Sydney) noted: "Mr. Lawson is not, indeed, likely to be ever revealed in the character of a master singer, but so far as he goes he is really a minstrel of native fire, and not like a good many who pretend to that character, a merely ingenious imitator or adaptor of other people's ideas."

*The Oxford Companion to Australian Literature* states that "The Roaring Days" is "a phrase referring nostalgically to the gold rushes. Its best-known literary use is in Henry Lawson's poem, 'The Roaring Days', written from Lawson's boyhood memories of Gulgong and Pipeclay."

## Publication history

After the poem's initial publication in *The Bulletin* it was reprinted as follows:

* *In the Days When the World was Wide and Other Verses*, 1900
* *Selected Poems of Henry Lawson* by Henry Lawson, Angus and Robertson, 1918
* *Winnowed Verse* by Henry Lawson, Angus and Robertson, 1924
* *Selections from Australian Poets* edited by Bertram Stephens and George Mackaness, Cornstalk Publishing, 1925
* *Australian Bush Songs and Ballads* edited by Will Lawson, Frank Johnson, 1944
* *An Anthology of Australian Verse* edited by George Mackaness, Angus & Robertson, 1952
* *A Book of Australian Verse* edited by Judith Wright, Oxford University Press, 1956
* *New Land, New Language : An Anthology of Australian Verse* edited by Judith Wright, Oxford University Press, 1957
* *Favourite Australian Poems* edited by Ian Mudie, Rigby, 1963
* *Silence Into Song : An Anthology of Australian Verse* edited by Clifford O'Brien, Rigby, 1968
* *Australian Kaleidoscope* edited by Barbara Ker Wilson, Collins, 1968
* *This Land : An Anthology of Australian Poetry for Young People* edited by M. M. Flynn and J. Groom, Pergamon Press, 1968
* *Poems of Henry Lawson* edited by Walter Stone, Ure Smith, 1973
* *The World of Henry Lawson* edited by Walter Stone, Hamlyn, 1974
* *The Essential Henry Lawson : The Best Works of Australia's Greatest Writer* edited Brian Kiernan, Currey O'Neil, 1982
* *A Campfire Yarn : Henry Lawson Complete Works 1885-1900* edited by Leonard Cronin, Lansdowne, 1984
* *Cross-Country : A Book of Australian Verse* edited by John Barnes and Brian MacFarlane, Heinemann, 1984
* *The Penguin Book of Australian Ballads* edited by Elizabeth Webby and Philip Butterss, Penguin, 1993
* *Classic Australian Verse* edited by Maggie Pinkney, Five Mile Press, 2001
* *Australian Poetry Since 1788* edited by Geoffrey Lehmann and Robert Gray, University of NSW Press, 2011

## InfoBox

| "The Roaring Days" | |
| --- | --- |
| by Henry Lawson | |
| Written | 1889 |
| First published in | *The Bulletin* |
| Country | Australia |
| Language | English |
| Publication date | 21 December 1889 |
| **Full text** | |
| The Roaring Days at Wikisource | |


title: Ohio State Route 743

abstract: State Route 743 is a short east–west state highway in southwestern Ohio, a U.S. state. The highway's western terminus is in the village of Moscow at the intersection of Wells Street and 5th Street, a mere two blocks off of U.S. Route 52 (US 52). Traversing Clermont County's Moscow and Washington Township, SR 743 ultimately arrives at its eastern terminus at SR 222 approximately four and a half miles (7.2 km) northwest of Felicity. Situated in southern Clermont County, SR 743 came into existence in the late 1930s when many highways numbered in the 500s, 600s and 700s were designated throughout Ohio. The highway generally exists now as it did when it was first designated.

text:
# Ohio State Route 743

**State Route 743** (**SR 743**) is a short eastwest state highway in southwestern Ohio, a U.S. state. The highway's western terminus is in the village of Moscow at the intersection of Wells Street and 5th Street, a mere two blocks off of U.S. Route 52 (US 52). Traversing Clermont County's Moscow and Washington Township, SR 743 ultimately arrives at its eastern terminus at SR 222 approximately four and a half miles (7.2 km) northwest of Felicity.

Situated in southern Clermont County, SR 743 came into existence in the late 1930s when many highways numbered in the 500s, 600s and 700s were designated throughout Ohio. The highway generally exists now as it did when it was first designated.

## Route description

All of SR 743 is located in southern Clermont County. No portion of this state highway is incorporated within the National Highway System.

Starting from the intersection of 5th Street and Wells Street in the village of Moscow approximately four blocks east of the Ohio River, SR 743 follows Wells Street east two blocks through a residential area to the US 52 junction. SR 743 overlaps US 52 heading south for nearly zero point four miles (0.64 km) into rural Washington Township. The state highway then splits from US 52, and heads east into a predominantly forested setting, with the occasional house appearing along the side of the roadway. SR 743 curves its way around, but in a generally easterly trend, through its intersection with Fruit Ridge Road. The highway then starts to bend into a more northeastern direction, as it meets Brown Road and then passes underneath the Haul Road for the nearby William H. Zimmer Power Station. Some open grassy knolls start to line the sides of SR 743 amidst the forested terrain as the highway makes its way up to its junction with SR 756. Continuing northeast, SR 743 passes a mix of grassy fields and tree patches, with houses appearing here and there. Ultimately, SR 743 turns due east, and follows this path to its intersection with Bees Run Road in the residential hamlet of Point Isabel. The highway turns due north there, and continues in that direction through its endpoint at SR 222.

## History

SR 743 was first designated in 1937 along the routing through Moscow and Washington Township in Clermont County that it occupies today. No changes of major significance have taken place to the routing of this state highway since its creation.

## Major intersections

The entire route is in Clermont County.

| Location | mi | km | Destinations | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Moscow | 0.00 | 0.00 | 5th Street / Wells Street |  |
| | 0.07 | 0.11 |
US 52 west New Richmond | Western end of US 52 concurrency |
| Washington Township | 0.45 | 0.72 |
US 52 east Neville | Eastern end of US 52 concurrency |
| | 3.76 | 6.05 | SR 756 Point Pleasant, Felicity |  |
| | 6.76 | 10.88 | SR 222 / West Street Felicity |  |
| 1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
 | | | | | |

Template:Attached KML/Ohio State Route 743KML is from Wikidata

## InfoBox

| State Route 743 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Route information | |
| Maintained by ODOT | |
| Length | 6.76 mi (10.88 km) |
| Existed | 1937–present |
| Major junctions | |
| West end | 5th Street in Moscow |
| Major intersections | US 52 in Moscow |
| East end | SR 222 near Felicity |
|  | |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Ohio |
| Counties | Clermont |
|  | |
| Highway system | |
| * **Ohio State Highway System** | |
| SR 741   SR 744 | |


title: Springdale Municipal Airport

abstract: Springdale Municipal Airport is a public use airport in Washington County, Arkansas, United States. It is owned by the City of Springdale and located one nautical mile (2 km) southeast of its central business district. This airport is included in the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015, which categorized it as a general aviation facility. Although most U.S. airports use the same three-letter location identifier for the FAA and IATA, this airport is assigned ASG by the FAA and SPZ by the IATA. The airport's ICAO identifier is KASG.

text:
# Springdale Municipal Airport

**Springdale Municipal Airport** (IATA: **SPZ**, ICAO: **KASG**, FAA LID: **ASG**) is a public use airport in Washington County, Arkansas, United States. It is owned by the City of Springdale and located one nautical mile (2 km) southeast of its central business district. This airport is included in the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015, which categorized it as a *general aviation* facility.

Although most U.S. airports use the same three-letter location identifier for the FAA and IATA, this airport is assigned **ASG** by the FAA and **SPZ** by the IATA (which assigned **ASG** to Ashburton Aerodrome in Ashburton, New Zealand). The airport's ICAO identifier is **KASG**.

## Facilities and aircraft

Springdale Municipal Airport covers an area of 228 acres (92 ha) at an elevation of 1,353 feet (412 m) above mean sea level. It has one runway designated 18/36 with an asphalt surface measuring 5,302 by 76 feet (1,616 x 23 m).

For the 12-month period ending April 30, 2019, the airport had 62,450 aircraft operations, an average of 171 per day: 93% general aviation, 7% air taxi, and \<1% military. At that time there were 90 aircraft based at this airport: 74 single-engine, 10 multi-engine, 3 jet, and 3 helicopter.

## Fixed Base Operator and Training

Springdale Municipal has one Fixed Base Operator at the west side of the airport. Summit aviation has fuel, snacks and clean bathrooms. The FBO building is also home to El Chefe Mexican Cuisine and ARH Flight training and aircraft services. ARH has two c172s and three helicopters available for training and general rental.

1. FAA Airport Form 5010 for ASG PDF. Federal Aviation Administration. Effective September 7, 2023.
2. "2011–2015 NPIAS Report, Appendix A" (PDF, 2.03 MB). *National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems*. Federal Aviation Administration. October 4, 2010.
3. "Springdale Municipal Airport (ICAO: KASG, FAA: ASG, IATA: SPZ)". Great Circle Mapper. Retrieved July 28, 2012.
4. "Ashburton Airport, New Zealand (IATA: ASG, ICAO: NZAS)". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved July 28, 2012.
5. "Springdale Municipal  ASG (KASG)". *National Flight Data Center*. Federal Aviation Administration. Retrieved July 28, 2012.

## InfoBox

| Springdale Municipal Airport | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Summary | |
| Airport type | Public |
| Owner | City of Springdale |
| Serves | Springdale, Arkansas |
| Elevation AMSL | 1,353 ft / 412 m |
| Coordinates | 36°10′35″N 094°07′09″W / 36.17639°N 94.11917°W / 36.17639; -94.11917 |
| Map | |
| **ASG**Location of airport in Arkansas**ASG****ASG** (the United States) | |
| Runways | |
| Direction Length Surface  ft m  18/36 5,302 1,616 Asphalt | |
| Statistics (2019) | |
| Aircraft operations (year ending 4/30/2019) 62,450  Based aircraft 90 | |
| Source: Federal Aviation Administration | |


abstract: National Institute for Physiological Sciences The National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS) is an inter-university research institute and part of the National Institute of Natural Sciences, located in the city of Okazaki, Aichi, Japan. It was established in 2004.

text:
# National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Japan

The **National Institute for Physiological Sciences** (生理学研究所, *Seirigaku kenkyuujo*) (NIPS) is an inter-university research institute and part of the National Institute of Natural Sciences, located in the city of Okazaki, Aichi, Japan. It was established in 2004.

```
34°56′55.9″N 137°9′52.7″E / 34.948861°N 137.164639°E / 34.948861; 137.164639
```

## InfoBox

National Institute for Physiological Sciences
| Myodaiji campus where the NIPS is located | |
| --- | --- |
| Established | 2004 |
| President | Yoshiro Shimura |
| Faculty | 56 |
| Budget | 3.5 Billion yen |
| Address | 38 Aza Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan |
| Location | Okazaki, Japan |
| Website | http://www.nips.ac.jp/eng/ |


title: Mahdi Abdul-Sahib

abstract: Mahdi Abdul-Sahib is an Iraqi former footballer who played as a forward. He represented the Iraq national team at the 1978 Asian Games and 1982 Asian Games. Mahdi played for Iraq between 1978 and 1981.

text:
# Mahdi Abdul-Sahib

**Mahdi Abdul-Sahib**  (born 28 July 1956) is an Iraqi former footballer who played as a forward. He represented the Iraq national team at the 1978 Asian Games and 1982 Asian Games.

Mahdi played for Iraq between 1978 and 1981.

## Career statistics

*Scores and results list Iraq's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Abdul-Sahib goal.*

List of international goals scored by Mahdi Abdul-Sahib
| No. | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 18 December 1978 | Rajamangala Stadium, Bangkok, Thailand | Kuwait | 3–0 | 3–0 | 1978 Asian Games |

## InfoBox

Mahdi Abdul-Sahib
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Mahdi Abdul-Sahib Hassoun | | |
| Date of birth | (1956-07-28) 28 July 1956 | | |
| Place of birth | Iraq | | |
| Position(s) | Forward | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1976-1980 | Al-Talaba SC |  |  |
| 1980-1984 | Al-Jaish SC |  |  |
| 1984-1985 | Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya |  |  |
| 1985-1988 | Al-Talaba SC |  |  |
| International career | | | |
| 1978–1984 | Iraq |  |  |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: War Zone (film)

abstract: War Zone is a 1998 documentary film about street harassment in the United States, written and directed by Maggie Hadleigh-West.

text:
# War Zone (film)

***War Zone*** is a 1998 documentary film about street harassment in the United States, written and directed by Maggie Hadleigh-West.

## Synopsis

Hadleigh-West turns her camera on men throughout the United States, asking them why they whistle at or make comments at women who pass them on the street. In response, some men feel compelled to apologize, hit her, yell at her, or engage her in conversation. "Through these conversations, Hadleigh-West reveals the anger, fear and frustration as well as the affection, admiration and humor that characterizes relationships between men and women."

## InfoBox

| War Zone | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Maggie Hadleigh-West |
| Written by | Maggie Hadleigh-West |
| Produced by | Hank Levine |
| Starring | Maggie Hadleigh-West |
| Release date | * 1998 (1998) |
| Running time | 76 minutes |
| Countries | United States<br>Germany |
| Language | English |


title: Ministry of Information and Media

abstract: The Ministry of Information and Media is a ministry in Zambia. It is headed by the Minister of Information and Media. The ministry controls two publicly owned newspapers, the Times of Zambia and the Zambia Daily Mail, and has a seat on the board of the Zambia National Broadcasting Corporation.

text:
# Ministry of Information and Media

The **Ministry of Information and Media** is a ministry in Zambia. It is headed by the Minister of Information and Media.

The ministry controls two publicly owned newspapers, the Times of Zambia and the Zambia Daily Mail, and has a seat on the board of the Zambia National Broadcasting Corporation.

## History

The Information and Broadcasting Services portfolio was combined with Tourism during the 1960s before the two were split.

## List of ministers

| Minister | Party | Term start | Term end |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Minister of Information and Posts | | | |
| Peter Matoka | United National Independence Party | 1964 | 1965 |
| Minister of Information and Postal Services | | | |
| Lewis Changufu | United National Independence Party | 1965 | 1966 |
| Minister of Information, Broadcasting and Tourism | | | |
| Sikota Wina | United National Independence Party | 1969 | 1973 |
| Minister of Information and Broadcasting Services | | | |
| Clement Mwananshiku | United National Independence Party | 1974 | 1975 |
| Unia Mwila | United National Independence Party | 1976 | 1978 |
| Mwika Tambatamba | United National Independence Party | 1979 | 1983 |
| Cosmas Chibanda | United National Independence Party | 1983 | 1986 |
| Samson Mukando | United National Independence Party | 1985 | 1986 |
| Joseph Panabantu | United National Independence Party | 1986 | 1987 |
| Arnold Simuchimba | United National Independence Party | 1991 | 1991 |
| Henry Kristafor | Movement for Multi-Party Democracy | 1991 | 1992 |
| Dipak Patel | Movement for Multi-Party Democracy | 1992 | 1992 |
| Remmy Mushota | Movement for Multi-Party Democracy | 1993 | 1993 |
| Kelly Walubita | Movement for Multi-Party Democracy | 1994 | 1995 |
| Amusaa Mwanamwambwa | Movement for Multi-Party Democracy | 1996 | 1996 |
| Shimaili David Mpamba | Movement for Multi-Party Democracy | 1997 | 1998 |
| Newstead Zimba | Movement for Multi-Party Democracy | 1998 | 2001 |
| Vernon Mwaanga | Movement for Multi-Party Democracy | 1999 | 2001 |
| Newstead Zimba | Movement for Multi-Party Democracy | 2002 | 2003 |
| Mutale Nalumango | Movement for Multi-Party Democracy | 2004 | 2006 |
| Vernon Mwaanga | Movement for Multi-Party Democracy | 2006 | 2006 |
| Mike Mulongoti | Movement for Multi-Party Democracy | 2007 | 2008 |
| Ronnie Shikapwasha | Movement for Multi-Party Democracy | 2008 | 2011 |
| Given Lubinda | Patriotic Front | 2011 | 2012 |
| Fackson Shamenda | Patriotic Front | 2012 | 2012 |
| Kennedy Sakeni | Patriotic Front | 2012 | 2013 |
| Mwansa Kapeya | Patriotic Front | 2013 | 2014 |
| Joseph Katema | Patriotic Front | 2014 | 2015 |
| Chishimba Kambwili | Patriotic Front | 2015 | 2016 |
| Kampamba Mulenga | Patriotic Front | 2017 | 2018 |
| Dora Siliya | Patriotic Front | 2018 | 2021 |
| Minister of Information and Media | | | |
| Chushi Kasanda | United Party for National Development | 2021 | 2023 |
| Cornelius Mweetwa | United Party for National Development | 2023 |  |
| Source: National Assembly, Ministry of Information and Media | | | |

### Deputy ministers

| Deputy Minister | Party | Term start | Term end |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Information and Postal Services | | | |
| Hankey Kalanga | United National Independence Party | 1964 | 1965 |
| Minister of State for Information, Broadcasting and Tourism | | | |
| Miselo Kapika | United National Independence Party | 1968 | 1969 |
| Amock Phiri | United National Independence Party | 1970 | 1970 |
| Andreya Masiye | United National Independence Party | 1970 | 1971 |
| Joseph Litana | United National Independence Party | 1971 | 1973 |
| Mwika Tambatamba | United National Independence Party | 1977 | 1978 |
| Minister of State for Information and Broadcasting | | | |
| Mutumbu Bull | United National Independence Party | 1978 | 1979 |
| Chiwala Banda | United National Independence Party | 1980 | 1983 |
| Rabbison Chongo | United National Independence Party | 1986 | 1987 |
| David Nkhata | United National Independence Party | 1989 | 1991 |
| Parliamentary Secretary for Information and Broadcasting Services | | | |
| Noel Mvula | United National Independence Party | 1990 | 1991 |
| Peter Kasoma | United National Independence Party | 1990 | 1991 |
| Deputy Minister of Information and Broadcasting Services | | | |
| Daniel Pule | Movement for Multi-Party Democracy | 1991 | 1992 |
| Stephen Manjata | Movement for Multi-Party Democracy | 1993 | 1993 |
| Eric Silwamba | Movement for Multi-Party Democracy | 1994 | 1994 |
| Ernest Mwansa | Movement for Multi-Party Democracy | 1997 | 1998 |
| Fidelis Mando | Movement for Multi-Party Democracy | 1998 | 2001 |
| Webster Chipili | Movement for Multi-Party Democracy | 2002 | 2004 |
| George Chulumanda | Movement for Multi-Party Democracy | 2003 | 2004 |
| Gaston Sichilimia | Movement for Multi-Party Democracy | 2004 | 2005 |
| Benny Tetamashimba | Movement for Multi-Party Democracy | 2006 | 2007 |
| David Phiri | Movement for Multi-Party Democracy | 2007 | 2008 |
| Elijah Muchima | Movement for Multi-Party Democracy | 2008 | 2009 |
| Angela Cifire | Movement for Multi-Party Democracy | 2010 | 2011 |
| Mwansa Kapeya | Patriotic Front | 2012 | 2012 |
| Poniso Njeulu | United Party for National Development | 2013 | 2014 |
| Source: National Assembly, Ministry of Information and Media | | | |


title: Nove (disambiguation)

abstract: Nove is a town and commune in Veneto, Italy. Nove, Noves, Nové, and Novés may also refer to:

text:
# Nove (disambiguation)

**Nove** is a town and commune in Veneto, Italy.

**Nove**, **Noves**, **Nové**, and **Novés** may also refer to:

## People

* Alexander Nove (1915–1994), Russian professor
* Charles Nove (born 1960), BBC voiceover announcer
* Perry Nove, Commissioner of the City of London Police 1998–2002
* Guy Novès (born 1954), former footballer and coach
* Laura de Noves (1310–1348), wife of Count Hugues de Sade and influenced poet Francesco Petrarch

## Places

## Other


title: 1925 Campeonato Carioca

abstract: The 1925 Campeonato Carioca, the twentieth edition of that championship, kicked off on April 26, 1925 and ended on December 20, 1925. It was organized by AMEA. Ten teams participated. Flamengo won the title for the 5th time. No teams were relegated.

text:
# 1925 Campeonato Carioca

The 1925 **Campeonato Carioca**, the twentieth edition of that championship, kicked off on April 26, 1925 and ended on December 20, 1925. It was organized by AMEA (*Associação Metropolitana de Esportes Atléticos*, or Metropolitan Athletic Sports Association). Ten teams participated. Flamengo won the title for the 5th time. No teams were relegated.

## Participating teams

Despite AMEA having CBD's official acknowledgement as the official Distrito Federal football league, due to Vasco da Gama's popularity, LMDT's league still had greater attendances, which led AMEA to invite Vasco into the league again, now with the requirements for their entry relaxed, but with the condition that the club didn't play its home matches at their field in the Moraes e Silva street and built a appropriate stadium, which would be completed in 1927. Aside from Vasco, Syrio e Libanez, that also had left LMDT in 1924 but hadn't been included in the 1924 championship entered the championship too. Vasco's exit from LMDT motivated some of the larger clubs in that league to join AMEA as well, but only Vasco was included in the First level, with the others joining the Second level. LMDT continued holding its own championships until 1934, but none of their championships held after 1924 are considered official.

| Club | Home location | Previous season |
| --- | --- | --- |
| América | Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro | 6th |
| Bangu | Bangu, Rio de Janeiro | 5th |
| Botafogo | Botafogo, Rio de Janeiro | 4th |
| Brasil | Urca, Rio de Janeiro | 8th |
| Flamengo | Flamengo, Rio de Janeiro | 2nd |
| Fluminense | Laranjeiras, Rio de Janeiro | 1st |
| Hellênico | Rio Comprido, Rio de Janeiro | 7th |
| São Cristóvão | São Cristóvão, Rio de Janeiro | 3rd |
| Syrio e Libanez | Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro | 8th |
| Vasco da Gama | São Cristóvão, Rio de Janeiro | 1st (LMDT) |
|

## System

The tournament would be disputed in a double round-robin format, with the team with the most points winning the title.

## Championship

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Flamengo | 18 | 14 | 3 | 1 | 61 | 18 | +43 | 31 | Champions |
| 2 | Fluminense | 18 | 13 | 4 | 1 | 55 | 21 | +34 | 30 |  |
| 3 | Vasco da Gama | 18 | 13 | 3 | 2 | 57 | 25 | +32 | | 29 |
| 4 | Botafogo | 18 | 10 | 2 | 6 | 43 | 36 | +7 | | 22 |
| 5 | América | 18 | 8 | 2 | 8 | 29 | 32 | 3 | | 18 |
| 6 | São Cristóvão | 18 | 7 | 1 | 10 | 42 | 43 | 1 | | 15 |
| 7 | Bangu | 18 | 5 | 2 | 11 | 31 | 39 | 8 | | 12 |
| 8 | Syrio e Libanez | 18 | 3 | 2 | 13 | 21 | 44 | 23 | | 8 |
| 9 | Hellênico | 18 | 3 | 2 | 13 | 24 | 55 | 31 | 8 | Left the league after the end of the championship |
| 10 | Brasil | 18 | 2 | 3 | 13 | 27 | 77 | 50 | 7 |  |

Updated to match(es) played on December 20, 1925. Source: RSSSF.com
Rules for classification: 1) points; 2) goal difference; 3) wins; 4) number of goals scored.

## InfoBox

Campeonato Carioca
| Season | 1925 |
| --- | --- |
| Champions | Flamengo |
| Matches played | 88 |
| Goals scored | 390 (4.43 per match) |
| Top goalscorer | Nonô (Flamengo) – 27 goals |
| Biggest home win | Bangu 7-1 Brasil (May 31, 1925)
Flamengo 6-0 Brasil (July 12, 1925)
Fluminense 6-0 Brasil (November 19, 1925) |
| Biggest away win | Brasil 0-8 Flamengo (May 3, 1925) |
| Highest scoring | Botafogo 8-4 Brasil (May 13, 1925) |
| 1924 1926 | |


title: The Path She Chose

abstract: The Path She Chose is a 1920 American silent drama film, directed by Phil Rosen. It stars Anne Cornwall, J. Farrell MacDonald, and Claire Anderson, and was released on May 24, 1920.

text:
# The Path She Chose

***The Path She Chose*** is a 1920 American silent drama film, directed by Phil Rosen. It stars Anne Cornwall, J. Farrell MacDonald, and Claire Anderson, and was released on May 24, 1920.

## Plot

## Cast

## InfoBox

| The Path She Chose | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Phil Rosen |
| Written by | Doris Schroeder |
| Based on | the short story, "Virginia"
by Ida M. Evans |
| Starring | Anne Cornwall
J. Farrell MacDonald
Claire Anderson |
| Cinematography | Harold James |
| Production
company | Universal Film |
| Release date | * May 24, 1920 (1920-05-24) (*US*) |
| Running time | 5 reels |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: Ohio Life Insurance and Trust Company

abstract: The Ohio Life Insurance and Trust Company was a banking institution based in Cincinnati, Ohio, which existed from 1830 to 1857. The Panic of 1857, an economic depression, resulted after the company's New York City offices ceased operations due to bad investments, especially in agriculture-related businesses. During the Crimean War (1853-1856), much of Europe's farm labor was engaged in the military, resulting in Europe becoming dependent on American crops for food. At the conclusion of the war, European farm production resumed and American agricultural exports declined, causing a drop in value of American foodstuffs. Because of the telegraph, word of the office closure spread quickly and many investors, already shaky over declining markets, caused a financial panic. The markets would not recover until two years later. Due to the economic decline from failure of the Ohio Life Insurance and Trust Company, the railroad industry and many businesses experienced declining demand for their products. Railroad workers were laid off and many businesses were shut down. Embezzlement by employees and officers of the company is sometimes mentioned as another contributing cause of the office's closure.

text:
# Ohio Life Insurance and Trust Company

The **Ohio Life Insurance and Trust Company** was a banking institution based in Cincinnati, Ohio, which existed from 1830 to 1857. The Panic of 1857, an economic depression, resulted after the company's New York City offices ceased operations due to bad investments, especially in agriculture-related businesses. During the Crimean War (1853-1856), much of Europe's farm labor was engaged in the military, resulting in Europe becoming dependent on American crops for food. At the conclusion of the war, European farm production resumed and American agricultural exports declined, causing a drop in value of American foodstuffs. Because of the telegraph, word of the office closure spread quickly and many investors, already shaky over declining markets, caused a financial panic. The markets would not recover until two years later.

Due to the economic decline from failure of the Ohio Life Insurance and Trust Company, the railroad industry and many businesses experienced declining demand for their products. Railroad workers were laid off and many businesses were shut down.

Embezzlement by employees and officers of the company is sometimes mentioned as another contributing cause of the office's closure.


abstract: The Sri Lanka women's national under-18 basketball team is a national basketball team of Sri Lanka, administered by the Sri Lanka Basketball Federation. It represents the country in international under-18 women's basketball competitions.

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# Sri Lanka women's national under-18 basketball team

The **Sri Lanka women's national under-18 basketball team** is a national basketball team of Sri Lanka, administered by the Sri Lanka Basketball Federation.

It represents the country in international under-18 (under age 18) women's basketball competitions.

## InfoBox

Sri Lanka
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| FIBA zone | FIBA Asia |
| World Championships | |
| Appearances | None |
| Asian Championships | |
| Appearances | 14 |
| Medals | None |


title: Natuna squirrel

abstract: The Natuna squirrel is a species of rodent in the family Sciuridae. It is endemic to the Natuna Islands of Indonesia. This species first described by Oldfield Thomas in 1895 in a paper titled "Revised determinations of three of the Natuna rodents", where he described it as a subspecies of Sundasciurus lowii. It was recognized as a distinct species in 2020.

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# Natuna squirrel

The **Natuna squirrel** (***Sundasciurus natunensis***) is a species of rodent in the family Sciuridae. It is endemic to the Natuna Islands of Indonesia. This species first described by Oldfield Thomas in 1895 in a paper titled "Revised determinations of three of the Natuna rodents", where he described it as a subspecies of *Sundasciurus lowii*. It was recognized as a distinct species in 2020.

## InfoBox

| Natuna squirrel | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Rodentia |
| Family: | Sciuridae |
| Genus: | *Sundasciurus* |
| Species: | ***S. natunensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Sundasciurus natunensis***<br>(Thomas, 1895) | |
|


title: Mahaut, Dominica

abstract: Mahaut is a village on the west coast of Dominica. It has a population of 2,399, which makes it the second largest commune in the parish of Saint Paul and was home to Dominica Colgate-Palmolive until the factory was closed in 2015 after Tropical Storm Erika. Mahaut is the home village of Olympic gold medalist Thea LaFond.

text:
# Mahaut, Dominica

**Mahaut** is a village on the west coast of Dominica. It has a population of 2,399, which makes it the second largest commune in the parish of Saint Paul and was home to Dominica Colgate-Palmolive (formerly Dominica Coconut Products) until the factory was closed in 2015 after Tropical Storm Erika.

Mahaut is the home village of Olympic gold medalist Thea LaFond.

1. Commonwealth of Dominica, *Population and Housing Census — 2001*. Roseau, Dominica: Central Statistical Office, Ministry of Finance and Planning, Kennedy Avenue, 2001.
2. "Dominica Coconut Products shuts down operations | Dominica Vibes News". Retrieved 2020-08-26.
3. Richards, Garvin (August 24, 2024). "World Champion Thea Lafond Gadson and 800-meter runner Dennick Luke announced as Dominica's Flag Bearers for Paris Olympics 2024".

## InfoBox

| Mahaut | |
| --- | --- |
| Mahaut, looking north up Dominica's west coast | |
| MahautLocation in Dominica | |
| Coordinates: 15°22′N 61°24′W / 15.367°N 61.400°W / 15.367; -61.400 | |
| Country | Dominica |
| Parish | Saint Paul Parish |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 2,370 |
| Time zone | UTC-4 (UTC) |


title: Watergate Beach

abstract: Watergate Beach is a two-mile-long stretch of sandy beach on the Atlantic coast of north Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is situated in Watergate Bay two miles north of Newquay on the B3276 road to Padstow near the village of Tregurrian. The beach has toilets, a shop and cafe. It is popular for water sports, especially surfing and also for kite-flying and sand art. In May, 2007, the beach hosted the English National Surfing Championships.

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# Watergate Beach

50°26′38″N 5°02′24″W / 50.444°N 5.040°W / 50.444; -5.040

**Watergate Beach** is a two-mile-long stretch of sandy beach on the Atlantic coast of north Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is situated in Watergate Bay two miles north of Newquay on the B3276 road to Padstow near the village of Tregurrian.

The beach has toilets, a shop and cafe. It is popular for water sports, especially surfing and also for kite-flying and sand art. In May, 2007, the beach hosted the English National Surfing Championships.


title: 1919 in animation

abstract: Events in 1919 in animation.

text:
# 1919 in animation

Events in **1919 in animation**.

## Events

### November

## Films released

### September

* **28 September***Farmer Al Falfa at the Bath* (United States)

### October

* **26 October***Some Sleeper* (United States)

### November

* **9 November***Feline Follies* view (United States)
* **16 November***The Musical Mews* (United States)
* **23 November***Farmer Al Falfa Solves the High Cost of Living* (United States)

### December

* **14 December***The Adventures of Felix* (United States).

## Births

### January

### February

### March

### May

### June

### July

### August

### September

### October

### November

### December

### Specific date unknown

## Deaths

### January

## InfoBox

| **Years in animation:** | 1916 1917 1918 **1919** 1920 1921 1922 |
| --- | --- |
| **Centuries:** | 19th century · **20th century** · 21st century |
| **Decades:** | 1880s 1890s 1900s **1910s** 1920s 1930s 1940s |
| **Years:** | 1916 1917 1918 **1919** 1920 1921 1922 |


title: Nowy Zamek

abstract: Nowy Zamek is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Milicz, within Milicz County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Its name in both Polish and German means new castle.

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# Nowy Zamek

**Nowy Zamek** \[ˈnɔvɨ ˈzamɛk\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Milicz, within Milicz County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Its name in both Polish and German means *new castle*.

## InfoBox

| Nowy Zamek | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Nowy Zamek | |
| Coordinates: 51°33′57″N 17°21′30″E / 51.56583°N 17.35833°E / 51.56583; 17.35833 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Lower Silesian |
| County | Milicz |
| Gmina | Milicz |