abstract: The United States Commission on International Religious Freedom Reauthorization Act of 2014 (H.R. 4653) is a bill that would amend the International Religious Freedom Act of 1998 to reauthorize the U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom (USCIRF) as an independent federal government advisory body through FY2019. The bill was introduced into the United States House of Representatives during the 113th United States Congress.

text:
# United States Commission on International Religious Freedom Reauthorization Act of 2014

The **United States Commission on International Religious Freedom Reauthorization Act of 2014** (H.R. 4653) is a bill that would amend the International Religious Freedom Act of 1998 to reauthorize the U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom (USCIRF) as an independent federal government advisory body through FY2019.

The bill was introduced into the United States House of Representatives during the 113th United States Congress.

## Background

The USCIRF defines itself as "an independent, bipartisan U.S. federal government commission, the first of its kind in the world, dedicated to defending the universal right to freedom of religion or belief abroad. USCIRF reviews the facts and circumstances of religious freedom violations and makes policy recommendations to the President, the Secretary of State, and Congress." Commissioners are selected by the President and the leadership of both chambers of Congress.

## Provisions of the bill

*This summary is based largely on the summary provided by the Congressional Research Service, a public domain source.*

The United States Commission on International Religious Freedom Reauthorization Act of 2014 would amend the International Religious Freedom Act of 1998 to reauthorize the U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom (USCIRF) as an independent federal government advisory body through FY2019.

The bill would remove authority under which a USCIRF member may serve after the expiration of that member's term until a successor has taken office.

The bill would amend the Foreign Service Act of 1980 to require the United States Secretary of State to receive assistance from USCIRF when establishing training for Foreign Service Officers in the field of internationally recognized human rights, including instruction regarding the relationship between religious freedom and security, as well as the role of religious freedom in U.S. foreign policy.

The bill would encourage the United States Department of State to allow classified information to be accessed by USCIRF Commissioners and staff with the appropriate security clearance.

The bill would revise restrictions on USCIRF's acceptance of gifts and donations to permit sponsoring private parties to provide compensation and benefits to interns, fellows, and volunteers.

## Congressional Budget Office report

*This summary is based largely on the summary provided by the Congressional Budget Office, as ordered reported by the House Committee on Foreign Affairs on June 26, 2014. This is a public domain source.*

H.R. 4653 would extend the authorities of the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom by five years, through 2019. It also would authorize the appropriation of $3 million to the commission each year over that five-year period.

Assuming appropriation of the specified amounts, the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) estimates that implementing the bill would cost $15 million over the 2015-2019 period. Section 3 would require that Foreign Service officers receive additional training on religious freedom; CBO estimates that implementing that training would have insignificant costs.

## Procedural history

The United States Commission on International Religious Freedom Reauthorization Act of 2014 was introduced into the United States House of Representatives on May 9, 2014, by Rep. Frank R. Wolf (R, VA-10). The bill was referred to the United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs and the United States House Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on Africa, Global Health, Global Human Rights and International Organizations. The House Foreign Affairs Committee passed the bill on June 26, 2014.

## Debate and discussion

Supporters of the reauthorization of the USCIRF, such as Alan J. Reinach, argued that it should be reauthorized because "religious freedom is first both in our Constitution and in our hierarchy of values, because without respect for the freedom to order one's life according to the things held to be sacred, one loses an essential part of what makes a person human." Reinach also argued that "if Americans stop caring, the tyrants of the world will get the signal that it is open season on religious dissidents" leading to their deaths, so the USCIRF should be reauthorized to prevent this. Supporter Lincoln E. Steed agreed that the USCIRF should be reauthorized, but criticized the organization as being one that "can as easily provide cover for inaction as spur official policy."

This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Government.

## InfoBox

United States Commission on International Religious Freedom Reauthorization Act of 2014
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Long title | To reauthorize the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom, and for other purposes. |
| Announced in | the 113th United States Congress |
| Sponsored by | Rep. Frank R. Wolf (R, VA-10) |
| Number of co-sponsors | 0 |
| Codification | |
| U.S.C. sections affected | 22 U.S.C. § 6431, 22 U.S.C. § 6432b, 22 U.S.C. § 6435, 22 U.S.C. § 4028, 22 U.S.C. § 6436, and others. |
| Agencies affected | United States Commission on International Religious Freedom, United States Department of State |
| Authorizations of appropriations | $3,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019, for a total of $15,000,000 over five years |
| Legislative history | |
|  | |


abstract: Frederick Stephenson was a New Zealand cricketer. He played first-class cricket for Canterbury, Otago and Wellington between the 1890–92 and 1904–05 seasons. Stephenson was born at Dunedin in Otago in 1871 and was educated in the city. He worked for 50 years for Bing, Harris and Company, a soft good firm, moving from Dunedin, to Invercargill and then to Christchurch before settling in Wellington. A right-arm off-spin bowler, he made his senior representative debut in January 1891, playing for Otago against Canterbury at Christchurch. During the following season he played one first-class match for Wellington and between 1893–94 and 1894–95 played other matches for Southland before the team held first-class status. After moving to Christchurch for work, he played for Canterbury during the 1895–96 and 1896–97 seasons, before moving to play for Wellington. In 14 first-class matches Stephenson took 27 wickets. His best bowling figures were 7 for 58 and 5 for 28 in Wellington's loss to Canterbury in 1902–03. As well as cricket, Stephenson played rugby union. He and his wife had two sons and an adopted daughter. He died at Wellington in April 1944.

text:
# Frederick Stephenson (New Zealand cricketer)

**Frederick Stephenson** (1871  21 April 1944) was a New Zealand cricketer. He played first-class cricket for Canterbury, Otago and Wellington between the 1890–92 and 1904–05 seasons.

Stephenson was born at Dunedin in Otago in 1871 and was educated in the city. He worked for 50 years for Bing, Harris and Company, a soft good firm, moving from Dunedin, to Invercargill and then to Christchurch before settling in Wellington. A right-arm off-spin bowler, he made his senior representative debut in January 1891, playing for Otago against Canterbury at Christchurch. During the following season he played one first-class match for Wellington and between 1893–94 and 1894–95 played other matches for Southland before the team held first-class status.

After moving to Christchurch for work, he played for Canterbury during the 1895–96 and 1896–97 seasons, before moving to play for Wellington. In 14 first-class matches Stephenson took 27 wickets. His best bowling figures were 7 for 58 (all bowled) and 5 for 28 in Wellington's loss to Canterbury in 1902–03.

As well as cricket, Stephenson played rugby union. He and his wife had two sons and an adopted daughter. He died at Wellington in April 1944.

## InfoBox

Frederick Stephenson
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Frederick Charles Stephenson |
| Born | 1871
Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand |
| Died | 21 April 1944 (aged 7273)
Wellington, New Zealand |
| Bowling | Right-arm off-spin |
| Role | Bowler |
| Domestic team information | |
| Years | Team |
| 1890/91 | Otago |
| 1891/92 | Wellington |
| 1895/95–1896/97 | Canterbury |
| 1897/98–1904/05 | Wellington |
|  | |
| Career statistics | |
| Competition First-class  Matches 14  Runs scored 155  Batting average 7.38  100s/50s 0/0  Top score 34  Balls bowled 1,521  Wickets 27  Bowling average 25.37  5 wickets in innings 3  10 wickets in match 1  Best bowling 7/58  Catches/stumpings 11/– | |
|  | |
| Source: Cricinfo, 12 December 2017 | |


title: Yasmine Azaiez

abstract: Yasmine Azaiez is a British-born violinist of Tunisian descent. She currently resides in Tunisia.

text:
# Yasmine Azaiez

**Yasmine Azaiez** (born 16 October 1988) is a British-born violinist of Tunisian descent. She currently resides in Tunisia.

## Education

Yasmine began to play the violin when she was just four years old. When Yasmine was eight years old, she was accepted into the Yehudi Menuhin School in Surrey, England. She began performing on stage at around eleven years of age, and, when she was seventeen years old, she earned second place at the "Young Musician of the Year Competition" in Sevenoaks, Great Britain. The panel of that competition consisted of teachers from the Royal College of Music in London who praised her for her talent, professional approach, and stage presence. She continued her studies there until 2008. During her time at the Yehudi Menuhin School, she was an active participant in concerts put on by the school.

Yasmine moved to the United States when she was 18, having earned a spot at the New England Conservatory in Boston, Massachusetts. Later, in 2010, she was placed on the honor roll by the Dean of the Conservatory. In the same year, she was one of nine finalists in the Global Youth Violin Competition in Sydney, where she represented Africa and the Middle East.

## Musical Works and Performances

### Albums and Discography

#### Fusion

'Fusion' was recorded in the United States in collaboration with keyboardist Shane Simpson, guitarist Phil Aelony, bassist Brad Barrett, drummer Steve Langone, percussionist Mohamed Abdelkader Bel Haj Kacem and saxophonist Dylan Sherry.

#### The 'Jazz' Album

The 'Jazz Album' was released on 13 November 2014.

1. Ode to Evan
2.
3. Ode to Joe Morris
4.
5. Black is the Color of my True Love's Hair
6.
7. Ode to Self
8.
9. Epistrophy
10.
11. Ode to Cecil Taylor

#### After You Go

'After You Go' was released by The Wig & Panooc under Urban House Recordings on 10 June 2017 and features Yasmine Azaiez.

#### African Jasmine

On 20 January 2020 Yasmine released a new album (Live Session) African Jasmine, she came back with a new experience which brings new rhythms and sounds from the African continent.

The album contains five tracks:

1. Africa
2.
3. Ble Bik
4.
5. Blacker the Flower
6.
7. Leila
8.
9. African Jasmine

#### Music Videos

Yasmine has performed in Music Videos for her songs Neon Balloons and Fabulous.

### Concerts and Tours

Yasmine has performed at well-known venues with well-known orchestras and musicians around the world. Notable sites include the Royal Albert Hall with Evgeny Kissin, The Merchant Taylors Hall alongside Sarah Chang, and the Sheldonian Theatre with Andras Schiff. In each of the aforesaid venues she played as a classical violinist. The Westminster Philharmonic, the Lebanese Symphony Orchestra, and the ‘ Balle de Vienne’ Orchestra have also featured her as a soloist in their concerts. Her work as an improviser has allowed her to collaborate with other globally recognized artists. She played with Naseer Shamma at the Cairo Opera House, Joe Morris at the Bimhuis, Quai de Branly in Paris, an dKinan Azmeh at the Royal Opera House in Muscat, as well as with Ramy Ayach, Agusti Fernandez, Rami Khalifa, Anthony Coleman, and Cory Pesaturo. Aside for performing for an audience, Yasmine also performed in a masterclass to Elvis Costello at the New England Conservatory in 2013 as well as masterclasses at the Royal Opera House of Oman, the Institute of Music in Tunisia, and at MIT in Massachusetts.

## In film

In the 2011 film Tunisians Stories, which was directed by Nada Mezni Hafaiedh, Yasmine plays the role of Shams, one of the main protagonists in the film. Along with acting in the film, Yasmine also composed the score for it. It was shown at festivals world-wide, including the Cannes Film Festival in 2012.

## The Yasmine Azaiez Academy

Yasmine selected a group of students to mentor in Tunisia. The project aims to help inspire young musicians to become soloists and orchestra players locally and abroad. The students are being prepared to participate in Yasmine's future concerts. The Academy hopes to shed light on what leaps can be made in music departments in Tunisia with limited financial resources.

## InfoBox

| Yasmine Azaiez | |
| --- | --- |
| Yasmine Azaiez on stage at the Medina Festival in Tunis in 2016 | |
| Background information | |
| Born | (1988-10-16) 16 October 1988<br>London, England |
| Genres | Jazz, Contemporary, Electronic, Oriental |
| Occupation(s) | Musician, actress, composer, singer |
| Instrument | Violin |
|  | |
| Website | www.yasmineazaiez.net |


title: Upper Zambezi yellowfish

abstract: The Upper Zambezi yellowfish, Labeobarbus codringtonii, is commonly found throughout the Zambezi and Okavango Rivers in Southern Africa. They prefer fast flowing water over cobble and rocky bottoms where they predominantly feed on aquatic insects and crustaceans. Their exaggerated fins help them manoeuvre in the fast water and they are powerful swimmers. The Zambezi yellowfish is highly sought after by sport anglers and fly fishing is the preferred method of catching them.

text:
# Upper Zambezi yellowfish

The **Upper Zambezi yellowfish**, *Labeobarbus codringtonii*, is commonly found throughout the Zambezi and Okavango Rivers in Southern Africa. They prefer fast flowing water over cobble and rocky bottoms where they predominantly feed on aquatic insects and crustaceans. Their exaggerated fins help them manoeuvre in the fast water and they are powerful swimmers. The Zambezi yellowfish is highly sought after by sport anglers and fly fishing is the preferred method of catching them.

## InfoBox

| Upper Zambezi yellowfish | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Cypriniformes |
| Family: | Cyprinidae |
| Subfamily: | Cyprininae |
| Genus: | *Labeobarbus* |
| Species: | ***L. codringtonii*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Labeobarbus codringtonii***
(Boulenger, 1908) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Barbus codringtonii* Boulenger, 1908 * *Barbus altidorsalis* Boulenger, 1908 * *Barbus chilotes* Boulenger, 1908 * *Barbus hypostomatus* Pellegrin, 1936 | |


title: Villers-lès-Luxeuil

abstract: Villers-lès-Luxeuil is a commune in the Haute-Saône department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

text:
# Villers-lès-Luxeuil

**Villers-lès-Luxeuil** is a commune in the Haute-Saône department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.

## InfoBox

| Villers-lès-Luxeuil | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| The church in Villers-lès-Luxeuil | |
| Location of Villers-lès-Luxeuil | |
| Villers-lès-LuxeuilVillers-lès-Luxeuil | |
| Coordinates: 47°46′21″N 6°17′14″E / 47.7725°N 6.2872°E / 47.7725; 6.2872 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Bourgogne-Franche-Comté |
| Department | Haute-Saône |
| Arrondissement | Lure |
| Canton | Saint-Loup-sur-Semouse |
| Area**1** | 9.10 km2 (3.51 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 312 |
| Density | 34/km2 (89/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 70564 /70300 |
| Elevation | 253–395 m (830–1,296 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Under the Table Tennis

abstract: Under the Table Tennis is Tim Fite's ninth album. Like a number of his previous albums, it was released free of charge on his website.

text:
# Under the Table Tennis

***Under the Table Tennis*** is Tim Fite's ninth album. Like a number of his previous albums, it was released free of charge on his website.

## Track listing

1. "For-Closure" (2:57)
2. "Oversight" (1:09)
3. "Someone Threw the Baby Out" (4:20)
4. "Not Covred" (3:08)
5. "Jobs" (2:57)
6. "ExExEx" (1:57)
7. "No Notice" (2:26)
8. "Never Lay Down" (3:46)
9. "Money Back" (3:36)
10. "Napkin" (1:38)
11. "Go Sell It on the Mountain" (3:19)
12. "WYNPM" (3:17)
13. "Support Tim Fite" (1:28)
14. "We Didn't Warn You" (3:29)

## InfoBox

| Under the Table Tennis | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Tim Fite | |
| Released | 18 May 2010 |
| Genre | Rock
Hip-Hop |
| Length | 39:19 |
| Tim Fite chronology | |
| *Change of Heart*
(2009) ***Under the Table Tennis***
(2010) *Ain't Ain't Ain't*
(2012) | |


abstract: This is a list of historic counties of England by area according to the Arrowsmith map of 1815-6, which was in turn generated from the work of the Ordnance Survey.

text:
# List of counties of England by area in 1815

This is a **list of historic counties of England by area** according to the Arrowsmith map of 1815-6, which was in turn generated from the work of the Ordnance Survey.

| Rank | County | Area |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Yorkshire | 5,961 sq mi |
| 2 | Lincolnshire | 2,748 sq mi |
| 3 | Devon | 2,579 sq mi |
| 4 | Norfolk | 2,092 sq mi |
| 5 | Northumberland | 1,871 sq mi |
| 6 | Lancashire | 1,831 sq mi |
| 7 | Somerset | 1,642 sq mi |
| 8 | Hampshire | 1,628 sq mi |
| 9 | Kent | 1,537 sq mi |
| 10 | Essex | 1,532 sq mi |
| 11 | Suffolk | 1,512 sq mi |
| 12 | Cumberland | 1,478 sq mi |
| 13 | Sussex | 1,463 sq mi |
| 14 | Wiltshire | 1,379 sq mi |
| 15 | Shropshire | 1,341 sq mi |
| 16 | Cornwall | 1,327 sq mi |
| 17 | Gloucestershire | 1,256 sq mi |
| 18 | Staffordshire | 1,148 sq mi |
| 19 | County Durham | 1,061 sq mi |
| 20 | Cheshire | 1,052 sq mi |
| 21 | Derbyshire | 1,026 sq mi |
| 22 | Northamptonshire | 1,017 sq mi |
| 23 | Dorset | 1,005 sq mi |
| 24 | Warwickshire | 902 sq mi |
| 25 | Herefordshire | 860 sq mi |
| 26 | Cambridgeshire | 858 sq mi |
| 27 | Nottinghamshire | 837 sq mi |
| 28 | Leicestershire | 804 sq mi |
| 29 | Westmorland | 763 sq mi |
| 30 | Surrey | 758 sq mi |
| 31 | Berkshire | 756 sq mi |
| 32 | Oxfordshire | 752 sq mi |
| 33 | Buckinghamshire | 740 sq mi |
| 34 | Worcestershire | 729 sq mi |
| 35 | Hertfordshire | 528 sq mi |
| 36 | Monmouthshire | 498 sq mi |
| 37 | Bedfordshire | 463 sq mi |
| 38 | Huntingdonshire | 370 sq mi |
| 39 | Middlesex | 282 sq mi |
| 40 | Rutland | 149 sq mi |
|

1. A. Fullarton & Co. (1851). *The Parliamentary Gazetteer of England and Wales*.


title: Maryana Marrash

abstract: Maryana bint Fathallah bin Nasrallah Marrash, also known as Maryana al-Marrash or Maryana Marrash al-Halabiyah, was a Syrian writer and poet of the Nahda or the Arab Renaissance. She revived the tradition of literary salons in the Arab world and was the first Syrian woman to publish a collection of poetry. She may have been the first woman to write in the Arabic-language daily newspapers.

text:
# Maryana Marrash

**Maryana bint Fathallah bin Nasrallah Marrash** (Arabic: مريانا بنت فتح الله بن نصر الله مرّاش, ALA-LC: *Maryānā bint Fatḥ Allāh bin Naṣr Allāh Marrāsh*; 18481919), also known as **Maryana al-Marrash** or **Maryana Marrash al-Halabiyah**, was a Syrian writer and poet of the Nahda or the Arab Renaissance. She revived the tradition of literary salons in the Arab world and was the first Syrian woman to publish a collection of poetry. She may have been the first woman to write in the Arabic-language daily newspapers.

## Life

### Background and education

Maryana Marrash was born in Aleppo, a city of Ottoman Syria (present-day Syria), to an old Melkite family of merchants known for their literary interests. Having earned wealth and standing in the 18th century, the family was well established in Aleppo, although they had gone through troubles: a relative of Maryana, Butrus Marrash, was killed by the *wali*'s troops in the midst of a Catholic–Orthodox clash in April 1818. Other Melkite Catholics were exiled from Aleppo during the persecutions, among them the priest Jibrail Marrash. Maryana's father, Fathallah, tried to defuse the sectarian conflict by writing a treatise in 1849, in which he rejected the *Filioque*. He had built up a large private library to give his three children Francis, Abdallah and Maryana a thorough education, particularly in the field of Arabic language and literature. As worded by Marilyn Booth, Maryana's mother was from "the famous al-Antaki family", related to Archbishop Demetrius Antachi.

Aleppo was then a major intellectual center of the Ottoman Empire, featuring many thinkers and writers concerned with the future of the Arabs. It was in the French missionary schools that the Marrash family learnt Arabic with French, and other foreign languages (Italian and English). By providing their daughter with an education, at a time when Eastern Mediterranean women received none, Maryana's parents challenged the then widespread belief that a girl should not be educated "so she would not sit in the men's reception room", as quoted by Marilyn Booth. Thus, Fathallah put his five-year-old daughter in a Maronite school. Later on, Maryana was educated by the nuns of St. Joseph in Aleppo. She finally went to an English school in Beirut. In addition to her formal education in these schools, where she was exposed to French and Anglo-Saxon cultures, she was tutored by her father and brothers, especially on the subject of Arabic literature. The first biographies of Maryana mention that she excelled in French, Arabic and mathematics, and that she played the *qanun* and sang beautifully.

Aleppine historian Muhammad Raghib al-Tabbakh wrote that she was unique in Aleppo, and that "people looked at her with a different eye". Although she had many suitors, she initially wished to remain single. However, she was persuaded to marry after her mother's death, and chose for husband Habib Ghadban, a scion of a local Christian family. They had one son and two daughters.

### Literary career

As early as 1870, Marrash started contributing articles and poems to journals—especially *Al-Jinan* and *Lisan al-hal*, both of Beirut. In her articles, she criticized the condition of Arab women, urging the latter—regardless of their religious affiliations—to seek education and express themselves on matters of concern to them. Her collection of poetry *Bint fikr* (A Daughter of Thought) was published in Beirut in 1893. Marrash was granted permission by the Ottoman government to print her book after composing a poem exalting Sultan Abdul Hamid II. In some of the several other panegyrics included in the collection, she also praised Ottoman governors of Aleppo. Her poetry was much more traditional in style than her brother Francis', as exemplified by the elegy she composed to lament his death; yet, she was at home with the poetry of French romantics, especially that of Alphonse de Lamartine and Alfred de Musset. Sami Kayyali said about Marrash:

> The emergence of a woman writing in the press and composing poetry in this dark era was a significant event. Our recent history shows that it was rare for even men to read and write; her appearance in these dark nights was thus like a bright star in the center of the heavens.

Her non-fiction works also include a history of late Ottoman Syria, *\[Tarikh\] \[Suriya\] al-hadith*, the first book on the subject.

### Marrash's salon

Marrash was famous for the salon she held in the home she shared with her husband. She had travelled to Europe once, and was impressed by what she saw of life there. As related by Joseph Zeidan:

> Upon her return in Aleppo, Maryana Marrash turned her house into a gathering place for a group of celebrated writers who met there on a regular basis to cultivate each other's friendship and discuss literature, music, and political and social issues.

However, according to Joseph Zeidan, there are no proofs supporting whether or not she created her salon after seeing similar ones in Europe; in any case, it did not start from scratch, since "most of the participants were regular visitors to her family's home, where they used to meet with her father and two brothers." The members of Maryana's salon included prominent Aleppine intellectuals of both sexes, in addition to politicians and members of the foreign diplomatic corps. Marrash was fully engaged in the intellectual discourse and would also entertain her guests by playing the *qanun* and singing. Antun Sha'arawi has described typical evenings spent at Marrash's salon:

> Wearing either all black or all white dresses ordered from Paris, Marrash hosted the mixed evening get-togethers in which literary topics as varied as the *Mu\`allaqat*—a cycle of seven pre-Islamic poems—or the work of Rabelais were discussed. Chess and card games were played, and complicated poetry competitions took place; wine and *'araq* flowed freely; participants sang, danced, and listened to records played on a phonograph.

However, Heghnar Zeitlian Watenpaugh has presumed Sha'arawi's description to be partly apocryphal.

## Works

* *Bint fikr* (lit.'A Daughter of Thought'), 1893.
* *\[Tārīkh\] \[Sūriyā\] al-ḥadīth* (lit.'The History of Modern Syria').

Writings published in periodicals:

| Title | Periodical | Date | Translated title |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| شامة الجنان | *Al-Jinan* | July 1870 (15) | The Beauty Spots of the Garden |
| جنون القلم | *Al-Jinan* | July 1871 (13) |  |
| مرثية | *Al-Jinan* | April 30, 1876 (9) |  |
| الربيع | *Al-Jinan* | July 15, 1876 (14) |  |

1. Wielandt 1992, p. 119; Zeidan 1995, p. 50.
2. Wielandt 1992, p. 119; Hafez 1993, p. 274.
3. Wielandt 1992, p. 120; Charon 1903, p. 115; Kuroki 1993, pp. 6–7.
4. Charon 1903, p. 115.
5. Wielandt 1992, p. 120; Charon 1903, p. 115.
6. Wielandt 1992, p. 120.
7. Zeidan 1995, p. 50.
8. Wielandt 1992, p. 122; Tomiche 1991, p. 598.
9. Booth 2001, p. 125; Ṭarrāzī 1913, p. 241.
10. Tomiche 1991, p. 598.
11. Watenpaugh, H. Z., 2010, p. 235; Booth 2001, p. 125.
12. Booth 2001, p. 125.
13. Dabbāgh 1972; Watenpaugh, K. D., 2006, p. 52.
14. "Māryānā Marrāsh".
15. Watenpaugh, H. Z., 2010, pp. 226–227.
16. Watenpaugh, H. Z., 2010, p. 226.
17. Watenpaugh, H. Z., 2010, p. 227.
18. Watenpaugh, H. Z., 2010, p. 227; *Al-Mawsūʻah al-ṣuḥufīyah al-ʻArabīyah*.
19. *Al-Mawsūʻah al-ṣuḥufīyah al-ʻArabīyah*.
20. Halevi & Zachs 2015, p. 172; Watenpaugh, H. Z., 2010, p. 227; Eissa 2000, p. 43; Zeidan 1995, p. 50.
21. Zeidan 1995, p. 50; Ende & Steinbach 2010, p. 623.
22. Zeidan 1995, p. 284.
23. Masters 2001, p. 179.
24. Zeidan 1995, p. 57.
25. Somekh 1992, p. 44; Zeidan 1995, p. 58.
26. Ashour, Ghazoul & Reda-Mekdashi 2008, p. 61.
27. Ashour, Ghazoul & Reda-Mekdashi 2008, p. 440.
28. Watenpaugh, H. Z., 2010, p. 227; Watenpaugh, K. D., 2006, p. 52.
29. Watenpaugh, H. Z., 2010, p. 227; Zeidan 1995, p. 50.
30. Zeidan 1995, p. 50; Watenpaugh, H. Z., 2010, p. 229.
31. Watenpaugh, K. D., 2006, p. 52.
32. Watenpaugh, H. Z., 2010, p. 228.
33. Halevi & Zachs 2015, p. 172.

## Sources

* *Al-Mawsūʻah al-ṣuḥufīyah al-ʻArabīyah* الموسوعة الصحفية العربية (in Arabic). Vol. 6. 1997. ISBN 978-9973150455.
* Ashour, Radwa; Ghazoul, Ferial J.; Reda-Mekdashi, Hasna, eds. (2008). *Arab Women Writers: a Critical Reference Guide, 18731999*. American University in Cairo Press. ISBN 978-9774161469.
* Booth, Marilyn (2001). *May Her Likes Be Multiplied: Biography and Gender Politics in Egypt*. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0520224209.
* Charon, Cyrille (1903). "L'Église grecque melchite catholique (Suite.)". *Revue des études byzantines* (in French). **6** (39): 113–118. doi:10.3406/rebyz.1903.3453.
* Dabbāgh, ʻĀʼishah (1972). *Al-Ḥarakah al-fikrīyah fī Ḥalab fī al-nișf al-thānī min al-qarn al-tāsiʻ ʻashar wa-maṭlaʻ al-qarn al-ʻishrīn* الحركة الفكرية في حلب في النصف الثاني من القرن التاسع عشر ومطلع القرن العشرين (in Arabic). Dār al-Fikr. OCLC 23515087.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
* Eissa, Ashraf A. (2000). "*Majallat al-jinān*: Arabic Narrative Discourse in the Making". *Quaderni di Studi Arabi*. **18**: 41–49. JSTOR 25802893.
* Ende, Werner; Steinbach, Udo, eds. (2010). *Islam in the World Today: a Handbook of Politics, Religion, Culture, and Society*. Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0801445712.
* Hafez, Sabry (1993). *The Genesis of Arabic Narrative Discourse: a Study in the Sociology of Modern Arabic Literature*. Saqi Books. ISBN 978-0-86356-149-8.
* Halevi, Sharon; Zachs, Fruma (2015). *Gendering Culture in Greater Syria: Intellectuals and Ideology in the Late Ottoman Period*. I. B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-78076-936-3.
* Kuroki, Hidemitsu (1993). "The Orthodox-Catholic Clash in Aleppo in 1818". *Orient*. **29**: 1–18. doi:10.5356/orient1960.29.1.
* "Māryānā Marrāsh" ماريانا مراش. *www.almoajam.org* (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 29 April 2018. Retrieved 17 July 2019.
* Masters, Bruce (2001). *Christians and Jews in the Ottoman Arab World: the Roots of Sectarianism*. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-80333-0.
* Somekh, Sasson (1992). "The Neo-classical Arabic poets". In Badawi, Mohammed Mustafa (ed.). *Modern Arabic Literature*. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-33197-5.
* Ṭarrāzī, Fīlīb dī (1913). *Tārīkh al-ṣiḥāfah al-ʻArabīyah* تاريخ الصحافة العربية (in Arabic). Vol. 2. Al-Maṭbaʻah al-adabīyah. OCLC 31793402.
* Tomiche, N. (1991). "Marrās̲h̲, Fransīs b. Fatḥ Allāh b. Naṣr". *Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition*. Vol. 6. Brill. doi:10.1163/1573-3912\_islam\_SIM\_4971. ISBN 978-90-04-08112-3.
* Watenpaugh, Heghnar Zeitlian (2010). "The Harem as Biography: Domestic Architecture, Gender and Nostalgia in Modern Syria". In Booth, Marilyn (ed.). *Harem Histories: Envisioning Places and Living Spaces*. Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822348580.
* Watenpaugh, Keith David (2006). *Being Modern in the Middle East: Revolution, Nationalism, Colonialism, and the Arab Middle Class*. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0691121697.
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* Zeidan, Joseph T. (1995). *Arab Women Novelists: the Formative Years and Beyond*. State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-2172-7.

## InfoBox

| Maryana Marrash | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Native name | مريانا بنت فتح الله بن نصر الله مرّاش |
| Born | 1848
Aleppo, Ottoman Syria |
| Died | 1919 (aged 7071)
Aleppo, Syria |
| Occupation | Poet, writer |
| Spouse | Habib Ghadban |
| Relatives | Francis Marrash (brother)
Abdallah Marrash (brother) |


title: Martha Ellicott Tyson

abstract: Martha Ellicott Tyson was an Elder of the Quaker Meeting in Baltimore, an anti-slavery and women's rights advocate, historian, and a co-founder of Swarthmore College. She was married to Nathan Tyson, a merchant whose father was the emancipator and abolitionist Elisha Tyson. She was the great-great grandmother of Maryland state senator James A. Clark Jr. (1918–2006). She was inducted into the Maryland Women's Hall of Fame in 1988.

text:
# Martha Ellicott Tyson

**Martha Ellicott Tyson** (September 13, 1795  March 5, 1873) was an Elder of the Quaker Meeting in Baltimore, an anti-slavery and women's rights advocate, historian, and a co-founder of Swarthmore College. She was married to Nathan Tyson, a merchant whose father was the emancipator and abolitionist Elisha Tyson. She was the great-great grandmother of Maryland state senator James A. Clark Jr. (1918–2006). She was inducted into the Maryland Women's Hall of Fame in 1988.

## Early life and education

Martha was born on September 13, 1795, to George Ellicott and Elizabeth (Brooke) Ellicott, who were members of a respected family of Maryland Quakers, the Ellicotts. The family homestead was a stone house built in 1789 near the Patapsco River and the family's mill. Her father often welcomed Native Americans to their home.

One of seven children, Martha was born and raised in Ellicott's Mills (now Ellicott City, Maryland), which her grandfather, Andrew Ellicott and his brothers had founded. Her books recounted a Christmas visit with chief Little Turtle in 1807 when she was twelve years old. Although she never completed formal schooling past primary education, she was well educated at home and fluent in French.

## Marriage and children

In 1815, Martha married Nathan Tyson, the son of a Baltimore Quaker and abolitionist Elisha Tyson. During his lifetime, Nathan Tyson served as the Baltimore Chamber of Commerce's first president and as the first president of the Baltimore Corn and Flour Exchange. He had a "gracious love story" with his wife and they had a relaxed attitude about some Quaker conventions. Tyson was described as a "woman of much sweetness and dignity of bearing, possessed of an exceedingly cultivated mind and many accomplishments."

The couple had twelve children, ten of whom reached adulthood and eight of whom reached middle-age. Their children included James Tyson (died by or in early 1905), Elizabeth Brooke Tyson Smith, Henry Tyson, Isabella (died by 1905), Frederic Tyson, Robert Tyson, Lucy Tyson Fitzhugh and Anne Tyson Kirk. Tyson ensured that both her sons and daughters received a good education.

Nathan died on January 6, 1867, and his funeral was held January 9, 1867. Leaders of the Baltimore Corn and Flour Exchange said of him, "the deceased presented to us, in his daily conduct, his known integrity, his uniform courtesy and goodness of heart".

## Quaker abolitionist and educator

Martha was a member of the Little Falls Meetinghouse in Harford County. At the age of 35, Tyson was chosen as an Elder of the Baltimore Quaker Meeting. When she was 66, she was appointed as a minister, although she had been working in that capacity informally for years. Tyson worked to improve educational opportunities for enslaved people and women and, with her husband, helped found the Fallston Public Library. At her suggestion, a committee on education was established at the Baltimore Yearly Meeting to prepare teachers and to focus on higher education of Quaker children. She was an abolitionist.

## Swarthmore College

As a result of her dedication, support and interest in education, Martha became a co-founder of Swarthmore College. She had tried unsuccessfully for ten years to found a college. Martha and her husband tried a new approach when they hosted a meeting in their home of Quaker leaders from New York, Pennsylvania, and Maryland. This meeting of 30 leaders propelled the movement to start the second coeducation college in the United States, providing new educational opportunities for women.

Founded in 1860 just prior to the American Civil War, Swarthmore College was established to provide: "A better educated generation that could achieve freedom, peace, prosperity, and righteousness." Martha, who was a member of the college's Board of Managers, recruited for women professors by writing a letter to the president of Vassar College in 1863 that encouraged the hiring of women professors at the new institution. The college opened after the War in 1869.

## Author and editor

Martha authored two biographical accounts of Benjamin Banneker, a free African-American farmer who became an almanac author and surveyor and acquired knowledge of astronomy, mathematics and natural history. Banneker was a frequent visitor at Martha's childhood home, sharing a mutual enthusiasm for learning with the family. Martha's father, George Ellicott, befriended and mentored Banneker, who lived a 1 mile (1.6 km) up a hill from the Ellicotts in what is now Oella, Maryland.

Martha was eleven years old when Banneker died. She conducted interviews and compiled the materials for her two biographies, the second of which was edited by her daughter Anne Tyson Kirk, who sought advice from Frederick Douglass. The two biographies of Banneker are *Sketch in the Life of Benjamin Banneker*, published in 1854, and the more complete *Benjamin Banneker: The African-American Astronomer*, published posthumously in 1884.

Martha also wrote *A Brief Account of the Settlement of Ellicott's Mills* and was a co-author, with Charles Worthington Evans and G. Hunter Bartlett, of *American Family History: Fox, Ellicott, Evans*. She also wrote memoirs of family members, including one of Joseph Ellicott that the Maryland Historical Society printed.

Encouraged by the Baltimore Yearly Meeting of Friends, Martha's father and Gerald T. Hopkins went to Fort Wayne, then part of the Northwest Territory, to meet with Native Americans. Hopkins kept a journal of the details of the trip, which Martha edited in 1862. She also wrote about the meetings that her father held with the United States government to discuss Native Americans.

## Death and legacy

After experiencing declining health for about three months, Martha died on March 5, 1873, at the age of 77 years while surrounded by family members. She was buried at Green Mount Cemetery in Baltimore.

In 1910, John Russell Hayes wrote a poem entitled *A Portrait of Martha Ellicott Tyson*, which memorialized a work of art hanging on a wall at Swarthmore College. Martha was inducted into the Maryland Women's Hall of Fame in 1988.

> Martha Ellicott Tyson came from a tradition that encouraged and appreciated the intellectual accomplishments of the family's women. During her life, Tyson, continued to encourage and support the rights of women and slaves to achieve the freedom necessary to reach their full potential. As a pioneering spiritual leader and minister of the Society of Friends, her life was moved by a desire to do good.
>
> Maryland Women's Hall of Fame

## Footnotes

1. "Maryland Women's Hall of Fame: Martha Ellicott Tyson". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved January 16, 2021. Archived October 24, 2020, at the Wayback Machine.
2. Stiehm, Jamie (March 31, 1999). "Life of Ellicott City writer and activist offers enduring lessons about prejudice". *The Baltimore Sun*. p. 27. Retrieved January 18, 2021  via Newspapers.com. Archived January 18, 2021, at the Wayback Machine.
3. Brick, Cindy (March 15, 2011). *Crazy Quilts: History - Techniques - Embroidery Motifs*. Voyageur Press. p. 22. ISBN 978-1-61060-005-7.
4. Clark Jr., James (1999). *Jim Clark: Soldier, Farmer, Legislator: A Memoir*. Baltimore, Maryland: Gateway Press. p. ix. ASIN B004R9J6AK. LCCN 99072964. OCLC 44803221.
5. Bedini, 1999, pp. 308309.
6. Schurman, Virginia (March 1, 2012). "Martha Ellicott Tyson". *Friends Journal*. Retrieved January 16, 2021. Archived September 19, 2020, at the Wayback Machine.
7. "Engagement Announced". *The Baltimore Sun*. June 13, 1907. p. 6. Retrieved March 10, 2020.
8. "Tyson Family Maryland". *The Baltimore Sun*. January 22, 1905. p. 8. Retrieved March 10, 2020.
9. "Announcement of death of Nathan Tyson". *The Baltimore Sun*. January 9, 1867. p. 2. Retrieved March 11, 2020.
10. "Ellicott - Maryland Heraldry". *The Baltimore Sun*. March 12, 1905. p. 8. Retrieved March 10, 2020.
11. Tyson, Martha Ellicott (1884). Kirk, Anne Tyson (ed.). *Banneker, the Afric-American Astronomer. From the posthumous papers of M.E. Tyson. Edited by her daughter*. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Friends' Book Association. LCCN 04013085. OCLC 79879919. Retrieved January 16, 2021  via General Catalog of the American Antiquarian Society. Title page from Bedini, 1999, p. 314 — via Internet Archive. Archived June 5, 2020, at the Wayback Machine.
12. "Death notice - Nathan Tyson". *The Baltimore Sun*. January 8, 1867. p. 2. Retrieved March 11, 2020.
13. "Little Falls Meeting celebrates 275 years in Fallston - Martha Ellicott Tyson". *The Baltimore Sun*. June 7, 2013. p. D5. Retrieved March 10, 2020.
14. "Five inducted into Maryland Women's Hall of Fame". *The Star-Democrat*. March 5, 1998. p. 15. Retrieved March 10, 2020.
15. (1)Turner, Sue Thomas (2004). "The Sense of the Meeting". In Youman, Roger (ed.). *The Meaning of Swarthmore*. Swarthmore, Pennsylvania: Swarthmore College. ISBN 0974829307. OCLC 56364110. Retrieved January 16, 2021  via Internet Archive.
(2) Densmore, Christopher (Curator, Friends Historical Library) (January 2012). "150 Years Ago: Martha Ellicott Tyson proposes a new school". *Swarthmore College Bulletin*. Swarthmore, Pennsylvania: Swarthmore College. Retrieved January 17, 2021.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) Archived September 28, 2020, at the Wayback Machine.
16. Bedini, Silvio A. (1999). *The Life of Benjamin Banneker: The First African-American Man of Science* (2nd ed.). Baltimore: Maryland Historical Society. ISBN 0-938420-59-3. LCCN 98022848. OCLC 894558859. Retrieved January 17, 2021  via Internet Archive.
17. Bedini, 1999, pp. 7475.
18. Russell, Dick (February 2, 2009). "Chapter 18: Ancestors——The Astronomer/Surveyor: Benjamin Banneker". *Black Genius: Inspirational Portraits of African-American Leaders*. Skyhorse Publishing Inc. p. 353. ISBN 978-1-60239-369-1. LCCN 2008045975. OCLC 788625200. Retrieved January 18, 2021  via Google Books.
19. Tyson, Martha Ellicott. *A sketch of the life of Benjamin Banneker: from notes taken in 1836: read by J. Saurin Norris, before the Maryland Historical Society, October 5th, 1854*. Baltimore, Maryland: Printed for the Maryland Historical Society by John D. Toy. LCCN rc01003357. OCLC 85794847. Retrieved October 7, 2017  via Internet Archive.
20. Tyson, Martha Ellicott (1884). Kirk, Anne Tyson (ed.). *Banneker, the Afric-American Astronomer. From the posthumous papers of M.E. Tyson. Edited by her daughter*. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Friends' Book Association. LCCN 04013085. OCLC 79879919. Retrieved January 16, 2021  via General Catalog of the American Antiquarian Society. Title page from Bedini, 1999, p. 314 — via Internet Archive. Archived June 5, 2020, at the Wayback Machine.
21. Tyson, Martha Ellicott (1871). *A Brief Account of the Settlement of Ellicott's Mills: With Fragments of History Therewith Connected*. J. Murphy.
22. Kusterer, Janet; Goeller, Victoria (2006). *Ellicott City*. Arcadia Publishing. p. 7. ISBN 978-0-7385-4309-3.
23. Bartlett, George Hunter; Ellicott, Joseph; Hodge, William; Ellicott, Benjamin (1922). *The William Hodge Papers: The Writer's Memories of His Father, William Hodge Sr., and of Their Pioneer Days in an Outlying Part of the Present Buffalo, from 1805 T0 1885*. p. 32.
24. "Funeral of an Estimable Lady - Martha Ellicott Tyson". *The Baltimore Sun*. March 10, 1873. p. 1. Retrieved March 10, 2020.
25. "Martha Ellicott Tyson". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved March 7, 2014.
26. Hayes, John Russell (1916). "Verses of Quakerism (1910): A Portrait of Martha Ellicott Tyson (*At Swarthmore College*)". *The Collected Poems of John Russell Hayes*. Philadelphia: The Biddle Press. pp. 240–241. LCCN 18008767. OCLC 893940655  via Internet Archive.

Bedini, Silvio A. (1999). "Chapter XI: The Man Remembered". *The Life of Benjamin Banneker: The First African-American Man of Science* (2nd ed.). Baltimore: Maryland Historical Society. pp. 287–320. ISBN 0-938420-59-3. LCCN 98022848. OCLC 894558859. Retrieved January 17, 2021  via Internet Archive.

## InfoBox

| Martha Ellicott Tyson | |
| --- | --- |
| Martha Ellicott Tyson (1795-1873), Quaker elder, co-founder of Swarthmore College, and author | |
| Born | (1795-09-13)September 13, 1795
Ellicott's Mills, Maryland, US |
| Died | March 5, 1873(1873-03-05) (aged 77)
Baltimore, Maryland, US |
| Resting place | Green Mount Cemetery, Baltimore, Maryland |
| Spouse(s) | Nathan Tyson, son of Elisha Tyson |
| Children | 12 |
| Parent(s) | George and Elizabeth (Brooke) Ellicott |


title: Yazima Beauty Salon

abstract: Yazima Beauty Salon is a Japanese vocal group consisting of DJ Ozma and the owarai group Tunnels in character and in drag depicting a group of women they found scouting for talent in Las Vegas, Nevada. The group is on the Avex Trax label.

text:
# Yazima Beauty Salon

**Yazima Beauty Salon** (矢島美容室, *Yajima Biyō Shitsu*) is a Japanese vocal group consisting of DJ Ozma and the owarai group Tunnels in character and in drag depicting a group of women they found scouting for talent in Las Vegas, Nevada. The group is on the Avex Trax label.

## Members

Margaret Camellia Yazima (マーガレット・カメリア・ヤジマ, *Māgaretto Kameria Yajima*)The 36-year-old matriarch of the Yazima family portrayed by Noritake Kinashi (木梨 憲武, *Kinashi Noritake*) worked as a nude dancer in Las Vegas before being "discovered" by DJ Ozma and the Tunnels. She has been working as a dancer since she was 19. In Japanese, her name is written as Margaret Yazima (矢島マーガレット, *Yajima Māgaretto*). Naomi Camellia Yazima (ナオミ・カメリア・ヤジマ, *Naomi Kameria Yajima*)The blond 18-year-old (originally 17-year-old) daughter of the Yazima family portrayed by DJ Ozma who reluctantly worked with her mother as a dancer before being "discovered" by DJ Ozma and the Tunnels. She "mastered" the Japanese language soon within her "arrival" in Japan, unlike her mother. In Japanese, her name is written as Naomi Yazima (矢島ナオミ, *Yajima Naomi*) although she signs as Naomi (直美). Strawberry Camellia Yazima (ストロベリー・カメリア・ヤジマ, *Sutoroberī Kameria Yajima*)The 12-year-old (originally 11-year-old) daughter of the Yazima family portrayed by Takaaki Ishibashi (石橋 貴明, *Ishibashi Takaaki*) who constantly seeks out her father by calling out "Papa! Daddy!" (「パパ!ダディ!」, *"Papa! Dadi!"*). She is the only flat-chested member of the group due to her "age" but has extensive armpit hair and wears her hair in an afro. In Japanese, her name is written as Strawberry Yazima (矢島ストロベリー, *Yajima Sutoroberī*).

## Discography

### Singles

1. "Nihon no Mikata -Nevada Kara Kimashita-" (ニホンノミカタ－ネバダカラキマシタ－, *Nihon no Mikata -Nebada Kara Kimashita-*, translated as "Friends of Japan -We Come From Nevada-") \- October 29, 2008
2. "SAKURA -Haru o Utawa Nevada-" (SAKURA－ハルヲウタワネバダ－, *Sakura -Haru o Utawa Nebada-*, translated as "Cherry Blossom -A Nevada Spring Song-") \- March 25, 2009
    * The highest "SAKURA -Haru o Uta wa Nevada-" reached on the Oricon was #5 for the weekly rankings. It reached #14 for April 2009's monthly rankings. The song is akin to other sakura-themed songs released in Japan during the time of the trees' blooming.
    * So far the single has sold 34,179 copies.
3. "Hamaguri Bomber" (はまぐりボンバー, *Hamaguri Bonbā*, translated as "Common Orient Clam Bomber") \- July 8, 2009
    * This new single was advertised as a summertime hit, singing about the beach and other summer activities.
    * The single was ranked as #9 on the weekly Oricon chart and has sold a total of 25,116 copies.
4. "Megami no Chikara" (メガミノチカラ, translated as "The Power of Megami (Goddess)") \- February 10, 2010
    * The song is performed in a disco style. On the cover, the three members appear as golden Liberties.
    * Peaking at #12, the single sold 9,012 copies according to the Oricon chart.
5. "Idol Mitai ni Utawasete" (アイドルみたいに歌わせて, *Aidoru Mitai ni Utawasete*, "Let Me Sing Like an Idol") \- April 21, 2010
    * This song is to be used as the theme song for their debut film and features Seiko Matsuda as a featured vocalist and credited as "Princess Seiko" (プリンセス・セイコ, *Purinsesu Seiko*).
    1. "Idol Mitai ni Utawasete"
    2. "Idol Mitai ni Utawasete (KARAOKE)"
    3. "Idol Mitai ni Utawasete (Princess Seiko de Utaou! ver. (プリンセス・セイコで歌おう! ver., *Purinsesu Seiko de Utaou! ver.*, Sing as Princess Seiko! ver.))
    4. "Idol Mitai ni Utawasete (Margaret de Utaou! ver.)"
    5. "Idol Mitai ni Utawasete (Strawberry de Utaou! ver.)"
    6. "Idol Mitai ni Utawasete (Naomi de Utaou! ver.)"
    7. "Idol Mitai ni Utawasete (Yazima Beauty Salon de Utaou! ver.)"

### Albums

1. *Okayui Tokoro wa Gozaimasen ka?* (おかゆいところはございませんか?, lit. "Do You Have an Itchy Spot?"; a common phrase of a hairdresser when shampooing) \- March 3, 2010
    * CD
        1. "Nihon no Mikata -Nevada Kara Kimashita-"
        2. "Megami no Chikara"
        3. "YAZIMA Damashii -Okayui Tokoro wa Gozaimasen ka-" (YAZIMA魂 -おかゆいところはございませんか-, "Yazima Soul -Do You Have an Itchy Spot?")
        4. "mama ni Zettai Koishiteru" (mamaに絶対恋してる, "I Absolutely Love Mama")
        5. "Ichigo Tsubutsubu ROCK'N'ROLL" (イチゴ ツブツブ ROCK’N’ROLL, "Strawberry, Lumpy Rock'N'Roll")
        6. "Naomi no Yume" (ナオミの夢, "Naomi's Dream")
        7. "Tsume no Saki Made Anata Datta" (爪の先まであなただった, "To the Tip of Your Nails")
        8. "Hamaguri Bomber"
        9. "SAKURA -Haru o Utawa Nevada-"
        10. "Nihonjin ni Naritai" (ニホンジンニナリタイ, "What Japanese are Made Of")
        11. "MURI -Jitsu wa Eigo ga Hanasenai-" (ジツハエイゴガハナセナイ, "Impossible -The Truth is We Can't Speak English-")
    * DVD
        1. "Nihon no Mikata -Nevada Kara Kimashita-" Music Video
        2. "SAKURA -Haru o Utawa Nevada-" Music Video
        3. "Hamaguri Bomber" Music Video
        4. "Megami no Chikara" Music Video
        5. "Yazima Dance Studio -Dance Lession Video-" (矢島舞踏室 -Dance Lesson Video-, *Yajima Butō Shitsu -Dance Lesson Video-*)

### Soundtracks

1. *Yazima Beauty Salon The Movie Music Album* (矢島美容室 THE MOVIE MUSIC ALBUM, *Yajima Biyō Shitsu Za Mūbī Myūjikku Arubamu*) \- April 28, 2010
    1. "Land On The Earth"
    2. "MIRACLE" - Yazima Beauty Salon
    3. "Place In Your Heart" - Aisa
    4. "Beautiful Morning"
    5. "Amazing Angel" - Lionel Ritchio (ライオネル・リチ男, *Raioneru Richio*, Takaaki Ishibashi)
    6. "Blow"
    7. "Waiting For Love" - Nine Mackenzie (ニーヌ・マッケンジー, *Nīnu Makkenjī*, DJ Ozma)
    8. "Sweet Seventeen" - Nine Mackenzie
    9. "Jealousy"
    10. "Sweet My Friend"
    11. "Eiga Mitai na Koishitai" (映画みたいな恋したい, "Love You Like a Movie") \- Yazima Beauty Salon
    12. "Ultimate Choice"
    13. "Half Moon" - BRIGHT
    14. "Memories"
    15. "Margaret Starting!"
    16. "Naomi Run Away"
    17. "don't cry strawberry" - Strawberry
    18. "Cocktail for Tonight"
    19. "Raspberry Starting!"
    20. "Long to visit Tokyo"
    21. "Princess SEIKO"
    22. "Flower of Stage"
    23. "Naomi Starting!"
    24. "Daddy! Come Back!"
    25. "Departure"
    26. "Second Coming of Strawberry"
    27. "Pink no Bomber" (ピンクのボンバー, *Pinku no Bonbā*) \- Yazima Beauty Salon
    28. "My Best Friend"
    29. "Sunshine Smile"
    30. "Nihon no Mikata -Nevada Kara Kimashita-" - Yazima Beauty Salon
    31. "Idol Mitai ni Utawaste" - Yazima Beauty Salon feat. Princess Seiko (Seiko Matsuda)

## Film

A film titled *Yazima Beauty Salon The Movie: Reaching a Nevada Dream* (矢島美容室 THE MOVIE ～夢をつかまネバダ～, *Yajima Biyō Shitsu THE MOVIE ~Yume o Tsukama Nebada~*) was released on April 29, 2010. The film describes the "history" of the band as they win a talent contest and then travel to Japan to find Margaret's husband and the girls' father Tokujirō (徳次郎). Other than the band (Takaaki Ishibashi, Noritake Kinashi, DJ Ozma), the film also stars Meisa Kuroki, Yusuke Yamamoto, Ayaka Wilson, Kazuma Sano, Dante Carver, Kanako Yanagihara, Atsushi Itō, Kaba.chan, Yutaka Mizutani, Ren Osugi, Seiko Matsuda, Fuji Television announcer Toshiyuki Makihara, among others. There were also special Hello Kitty as caricatures of the band produced for the film.

## InfoBox

| Yazima Beauty Salon
(矢島美容室, *Yajima Biyō Shitsu*) | |
| --- | --- |
| Origin | Japan |
| Genres | J-pop |
| Years active | 2008–2010 |
| Labels | avex trax |
|  | |
| Members | Margaret Camelia Yazima
Naomi Camelia Yazima
Strawberry Camelia Yazima |


abstract: Frederick Perkins Stevens was a merchant and politician in colonial Victoria, a member of the Victorian Legislative Council.

text:
# Frederick Stevens (Australian politician)

**Frederick Perkins Stevens** (1820 – 17 May 1888) was a merchant and politician in colonial Victoria, a member of the Victorian Legislative Council.

## Early life

Stevens was born in Hobart Town, Van Diemen's Land (now Tasmania), the son of Sylvester Stamford Stephen and Bridget, *née* Edwards.

## Colonial Australia

Stevens arrived in the Port Phillip District around 1837. On 31 May 1853 Stevens was elected to the unicameral Victorian Legislative Council for Belfast and Warrnambool. Stevens held this position until resigning in May 1854.

Stevens died in Deniliquin, New South Wales on 17 May 1888, he married twice.


title: Upper Zambezi labeo

abstract: The Upper Zambezi labeo is a species of cyprinid fish of the genus Labeo native to southern Africa.

text:
# Upper Zambezi labeo

The **Upper Zambezi labeo** (***Labeo lunatus***) is a species of cyprinid fish of the genus *Labeo* native to southern Africa.

## Distribution

This species occurs in the Upper Zambezi and Okavango Rivers, in Angola; Botswana; Namibia; Zambia and Zimbabwe. It is a common species but the population varies with the fluctuations in the flooding of the river systems.

## Habitat and ecology

This species inhabits rocky areas of streams as well as large soft-bottomed lagoons in floodplains. It feeds mostly on algae, aufwuchs and detritus. It is found over quieter rocky substrates and generally avoids rocky rapids. Its prefers the main channel of the rivers and has been recorded throughout the floodplain system It is a shoaling species which breeds in summer, most likely in flooded marginal habitats.

## Description

This species can reach a length of 40 centimetres (16 in) SL. The maximum recorded weight of this species is 2.5 kilograms (5.5 lb). It is greenish or silvery grey in colour with parallel lines along the body formed by the dark bases to the scales, it also has blackish membranes on the fins. The fleshy outer lips are covered in papillae with the inner edges being horny with sharper edges. The dorsal fin has four spines and 9-11 soft rays, while the anal fin has three spines and five soft rays.

## Relationship to Humans

*L. lunatus* is important to local artisanal fisheries. The species' population in the Upper Zambezi has declined probably as a result of overexploitation by fisheries catching the fish on their spawning runs. In addition, fish weirs set across the waters draining from floodplains catch large numbers of young fish returning to the rivers as the flood waters recede.

## InfoBox

| Upper Zambezi labeo | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Cypriniformes |
| Family: | Cyprinidae |
| Subfamily: | Labeoninae |
| Genus: | *Labeo* |
| Species: | ***L. lunatus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Labeo lunatus***
R. A. Jubb, 1963 | |
|


title: Matisia palenquiana

abstract: Matisia palenquiana is a species of flowering plant in the family Malvaceae sensu lato or Bombacaceae. It is found only in Ecuador. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.

text:
# Matisia palenquiana

***Matisia palenquiana*** is a species of flowering plant in the family Malvaceae *sensu lato* or Bombacaceae. It is found only in Ecuador. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.

## InfoBox

| *Matisia palenquiana* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Endangered  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Malvales |
| Family: | Malvaceae |
| Genus: | *Matisia* |
| Species: | ***M. palenquiana*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Matisia palenquiana***
(A.Robyns) W.S.Alverson | |
|


title: Uncle Jam Records

abstract: Uncle Jam Records was a record label formed by Parliament-Funkadelic leader George Clinton and his personal manager Archie Ivy. The label was distributed nationally by CBS Records. Uncle Jam Records debuted in 1980 with the release of Sweat Band, the self-titled debut of that band, and Wynne Jammin' by Philippé Wynne, the former lead singer for The Spinners. Other acts that were signed to the label included singer Jessica Cleaves, Trey Lewd, Sterling Silver Starship, and Gary Fabulous and the Black Slack. The funk album Zapp was originally intended to be the first release on the Uncle Jam label. Zapp was the band of Bootsy Collins protégé Roger Troutman and this was their debut album, produced by Bootsy Collins with essential contributions by George Clinton. However, the master recordings of the album were sold to Warner Bros. Records, who released the album. This action led to the dissolution of the professional relationship between Troutman and Clinton. The Uncle Jam Records label was briefly resurrected in 1983 with the release of Urban Dancefloor Guerillas by the P-Funk All-Stars. At that time the label was overseen by the CBS Associated label.

text:
# Uncle Jam Records

**Uncle Jam Records** was a record label formed by Parliament-Funkadelic leader George Clinton and his personal manager Archie Ivy. The label was distributed nationally by CBS Records.

Uncle Jam Records debuted in 1980 with the release of *Sweat Band*, the self-titled debut of that band, and *Wynne Jammin'* by Philippé Wynne, the former lead singer for The Spinners. Other acts that were signed to the label included singer Jessica Cleaves, Trey Lewd (Clinton's son Tracey Lewis), Sterling Silver Starship, and Gary Fabulous and the Black Slack.

The funk album *Zapp* was originally intended to be the first release on the Uncle Jam label. Zapp was the band of Bootsy Collins protégé Roger Troutman and this was their debut album, produced by Bootsy Collins with essential contributions by George Clinton. However, the master recordings of the album were sold to Warner Bros. Records, who released the album. This action led to the dissolution of the professional relationship between Troutman and Clinton.

The Uncle Jam Records label was briefly resurrected in 1983 with the release of *Urban Dancefloor Guerillas* by the P-Funk All-Stars. At that time the label was overseen by the CBS Associated label.

## InfoBox

| Uncle Jam Records | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Parent company | Columbia Records |
| Founded | 1980 |
| Founder | George Clinton, Archie Ivy |
| Distributor(s) | Columbia/CBS Records |
| Genre | Funk |
| Country of origin | US |


abstract: This is a list of counties of England, ordered by population as at the 1971 census. The figures presented here include all the administrative counties with their associated county boroughs. York is accounted for as part of the West Riding, and Lincoln as part of Kesteven.

text:
# List of counties of England by population in 1971

This is a **list of counties of England, ordered by population** as at the 1971 census. The figures presented here include all the administrative counties with their associated county boroughs. York is accounted for as part of the West Riding, and Lincoln as part of Kesteven.

| Rank | County | Total population |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Greater London | 7,452,343 |
| 2 | Lancashire | 5,118,405 |
| 3 | Yorkshire, West Riding | 3,785,013 |
| 4 | Warwickshire | 2,082,230 |
| 5 | Staffordshire | 1,858,348 |
| 6 | Hampshire | 1,565,476 |
| 7 | Cheshire | 1,546,397 |
| 8 | Durham | 1,409,633 |
| 9 | Kent | 1,399,471 |
| 10 | Essex | 1,358,020 |
| 11 | Gloucestershire | 1,076,710 |
| 12 | Surrey | 1,002,892 |
| 13 | Nottinghamshire | 976,403 |
| 14 | Hertfordshire | 924,641 |
| 15 | Devon | 898,409 |
| 16 | Derbyshire | 885,130 |
| 17 | Northumberland | 795,754 |
| 18 | Leicestershire | 772,103 |
| 19 | Sussex, East | 747,976 |
| 20 | Yorkshire, North Riding | 725,656 |
| 21 | Worcestershire | 693,251 |
| 22 | Somerset | 682,665 |
| 23 | Berkshire | 636,860 |
| 24 | Norfolk | 617,621 |
| 25 | Buckinghamshire | 587,556 |
| 26 | Yorkshire, East Riding | 543,309 |
| 27 | Sussex, West | 492,500 |
| 28 | Wiltshire | 486,755 |
| 29 | Lincolnshire, Parts of Lindsey | 470,905 |
| 30 | Northamptonshire | 468,625 |
| 31 | Bedfordshire | 464,286 |
| 32 | Cornwall | 381,665 |
| 33 | Oxfordshire | 381,584 |
| 34 | Suffolk, East | 381,464 |
| 35 | Dorset | 361,925 |
| 36 | Shropshire | 337,104 |
| 37 | Cambridgeshire and Isle of Ely | 303,042 |
| 38 | Cumberland | 292,187 |
| 39 | Lincolnshire, Parts of Kesteven | 232,549 |
| 40 | Huntingdon and Peterborough | 202,622 |
| 41 | Suffolk, West | 164,732 |
| 42 | Herefordshire | 138,638 |
| 43 | Isle of Wight | 109,515 |
| 44 | Lincolnshire, Parts of Holland | 105,685 |
| 45 | Westmorland | 72,837 |
| 46 | Rutland | 27,471 |
| **TOTAL** | | **46,018,363** |

* 1971 census


title: William Milman (lawyer)

abstract: Sir William Milman was an English barrister. Milman was knighted in 1705, having been introduced to Queen Anne by the Earl of Dorset.

text:
# William Milman (lawyer)

**Sir William Milman** (c. 1650–1713) was an English barrister. Milman was knighted in 1705, having been introduced to Queen Anne by the Earl of Dorset.

## Background

In *The New Baronetage of England*, Miller names Sir William Milman as a member of the Milman family of Levaton-in-Woodland, Devon, who, by 1804, "were long settled at Holderness, in Yorkshire, and at Chelsea, Middlesex." He claims the family to be descended from Johannes de Malamanus, a Norman officer sent by William the Conqueror to quell Hereward's 1070 rebellion on the Isle of Ely. Malamanus is included by Robert Orford in his list of Norman officers who participated in the siege of Ely Abbey, as an ensign of the foot. The appellation 'Malamanus,' or 'bad-hand,' is derived from Johannes' alleged left-handedness. This is the origin of the Milman coat of arms; three sinister gauntlets. Johannes de Malamanus is depicted on the 1596 *Tabula Eliensis* alongside Otto the Benedictine, in the section of the painting that portrays the "forty knights and gentlemen who were quartered with the monks of Ely during the reign of William the Conqueror."

Both William Miller, in *The New Baronetage of England*, and John Wilkes, in *Encyclopaedia Londinensis*, associate Sir William Milman with the Milman Baronets of Levaton-in-Woodland. It is not stated how the Chelsea, Devon, and Holderness branches of the family are connected, but the inheritance of Sir William's private chapel by the Milman Baronets is indicative of the link.

## Biography

Born in London, William Milman was baptised at St Martin-in-the-Fields on 9 January, 1650. His parents were William Milman and Mary Palmer. According to Le Neve's Pedigree of Knights, William Milman the elder worked as a shoemaker at the New Exchange in the Strand, but failed in business and later ran a coffeehouse.

Milman made his fortune in stock-jobbing. For most of his life, he was a barrister with the London Inns. Such was his prolificacy in his field, he became acquainted with the Earl of Dorset, godfather of Prince William. The Earl of Dorset introduced Milman to Prince William's mother, Queen Anne, and Milman was knighted on 7 February, 1705, at St James's Palace.

Sir William Milman was married three times in his life. His first wife was Elizabeth Taylor, daughter of Col. Silvanus Taylor, and niece of Silas Taylor. William and Elizabeth had two children, both of whom died in infancy. One of their children, Ann Milman, was born in 1677. William later married Laetitia Masters, widow of Samuel Masters, preacher at Bridewell Hospital, and daughter of William Durham, rector of St Mildred, Bread Street. The couple bore no children, and Laetitia was buried at St Mildred's on 2 November, 1702. Milman's third and final wife was Elizabeth Vaughan, daughter of Mr. Vaughan of Wales. The couple also bore no children.

Sir William died on 3 February, 1713. He left no issue, and his fortune of £20,000 was left chiefly to his nieces; daughters of his brother John Milman, who "lived a poor man to whom his brother \[Sir William\] would not exhibit." His nieces, Elizabeth, Robella, Mary, and Diana, were bequeathed quarter-shares of Sir William's estate, on the condition they and their heirs retained the surname Milman. He was also survived by his mother, Mary Milman, and widow, Dame Elizabeth Milman, née Vaughan. His mother was left the house she lived in, and an annuity of £100 per year. His widow, Lady Elizabeth, was executrix of his will and was left an annuity of £600 per year, as long as she remained unmarried after the death of Sir William.

Milman was buried at More's Chapel, Chelsea. The chapel, originally the private property of Thomas Moore, came into the ownership of Sir William Milman on his acquisition of Gorges House. His tombstone, inscribed with his arms, reads: "Here Lyeth The Body of Sr WILLIAM MILMAN Kr Barister at Law of the Inner Temple LONDON who Died at his House in CHELSEA Febry ye 3d in the 64th Year of his Age Annoque Dom 1713."

## Legacy

Following his death, Sir William Milman was remembered in the name of Milman House, his former estate. Originally Gorges House, the estate belonged to Sir Arthur Gorges, and was purchased by Sir William from dancing-master Josias Priest. Milman likely mortgaged the property from Priest between 1697 and 1706, before taking ownership by 1711. After Sir William's death, Milman House passed to his four nieces. By 1726 the property had been demolished, and his remaining nieces leased the land for the construction of "a new row of buildings intended to be called Milman's Row." Milman's Street remains testament to Sir William Milman's involvement in the area today.

A key source of information on the life of Sir William Milman is Le Neve's Pedigree of Knights, written by Peter Le Neve. The author gained his account of Milman from a Mr. Mynheer of Staple Inn, an "attorney who was his old acquaintance and fellow clerk with him." Mynheer was scathing in his appraisal of Milman, calling him "no gentleman" and "a worthless person by the general character of him." Le Neve finishes by quoting the assassins of Maximinus I and his children; "canis pessimi ne catulum esse relinquendum," that no child be left alive to a heretic parent.

## Arms

"Arms: Azure, 3 sinister gauntlets argent (Milman), impaling sable, a cheveron between 3 boys' heads with adders about their necks (Vaughan)."

## InfoBox

| Sir William Milman | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | c. 1650
Westminster, London, England |
| Died | 3 February 1713(1713-02-03) (aged 62–63)
Chelsea, London, England |


title: Mary Hall Ingham

abstract: Mary Hall Ingham (1866–1937) was an American suffragist and reformer. She was the chair of the Pennsylvania branch of the National Woman's Party. She picketed the White House as a part of the Silent Sentinels, was arrested, and spent time in the Occoquan Workhouse. She worked to secure the ratification of the 19th Amendment by the Pennsylvania legislature and fought for the Equal Rights Amendment. She founded the Equal Franchise Society of Philadelphia and was director of Philadelphia's Bureau of Municipal Research and the Octavia Hill Association. Ingham attended the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania, Bryn Mawr College, and Radcliffe College.

text:
# Mary Hall Ingham

**Mary Hall Ingham** (1866–1937) was an American suffragist and reformer. She was the chair of the Pennsylvania branch of the National Woman's Party. She picketed the White House as a part of the Silent Sentinels, was arrested, and spent time in the Occoquan Workhouse. She worked to secure the ratification of the 19th Amendment by the Pennsylvania legislature and fought for the Equal Rights Amendment. She founded the Equal Franchise Society of Philadelphia and was director of Philadelphia's Bureau of Municipal Research and the Octavia Hill Association. Ingham attended the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania, Bryn Mawr College, and Radcliffe College.

## Early life and education

Mary Hall Ingham was born on November 24, 1866, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to Catherine Keppele (née Hall) and William Armstrong Ingham. Her grandfather was Samuel Delucenna Ingham, Treasury Secretary under President Andrew Jackson. She attended Agnes Irwin School. Though born into a prominent family, she was less than enthusiastic about society life.

Ingham entered the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania in 1898 and transferred to Bryn Mawr College in 1900. She earned her A.B. in 1903. She was then a private tutor, teaching art history. She was hired as a teacher by Agnes Irwin School, where she worked from 1905 to 1915. She was also a member of the Association of Collegiate Alumnae and served as the Philadelphia branch's president from 1906 to 1909.

## Suffrage and reform

Ingham was director of the tenement house-focused Octavia Hill Association and was on the Day Nursery Association's board of managers. She founded the Equal Franchise Society of Philadelphia in 1909 and served as its secretary. She supported the 1910 Philadelphia garment workers' strike. After the Women's Trade Union League established a branch in Philadelphia in 1915, she served on its advisory board and was one of its vice presidents.

Ingham was director of Philadelphia's Bureau of Municipal Research. She supported the city manager plan and the short ballot. She was a supporter of Rudolph Blankenburg's mayoral campaign in 1911. She supported Theodore Roosevelt in the 1912 United States presidential election, serving as vice chair of the Women of the Washington Party and assisting in the formation of the Progressive League of Philadelphia. Ingham worked for the securities firm William P. Bonbright & Co., serving as head of its women's department from 1915 to 1919.

In 1917, she became chair of the Pennsylvania branch of the National Woman's Party, a women's suffrage organization founded by Alice Paul. In July of that year, she picketed the White House as a part of the Silent Sentinels. She was arrested alongside 15 other women and served three days of a sixty-day sentence in the Occoquan Workhouse. She was arrested two more times. In 1919, Ingham joined a group of previously jailed suffragists who toured the United States as part of a publicity stunt, dressed in prison clothing, in a railroad car they called the "Prison Special". Following the passage of the suffrage amendment in Congress, Ingham worked to secure the ratification of the amendment by the Pennsylvania legislature, which occurred on June 24, 1919.

In 1920, Ingham picketed the Republican National Convention in Chicago and joined other women in pressuring Warren G. Harding to hasten ratification in Republican states. After the adoption of the 19th Amendment, she worked on behalf of an Equal Rights Amendment.

## Later life

Ingham attended Radcliffe College from 1921 to 1923, taking graduate courses in government. She supported the League of Nations but largely retired from her earlier reformist pursuits. She was an active mountaineer. Ingham died of cancer on January 1, 1937, in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania.

## InfoBox

| Mary H. Ingham | |
| --- | --- |
| Ingham in the *Philadelphia Evening Public Ledger* | |
| Born | November 24, 1866
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S. |
| Died | January 1, 1937(1937-01-01) (aged 70)
Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, U.S. |
| Alma mater | Bryn Mawr College
Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania
Radcliffe College |
| Occupation(s) | Reformer, suffragist |


abstract: The United States national beach volleyball team participates in international beach volleyball competitions and is governed by USA Volleyball.

text:
# United States national beach volleyball team

The **United States national beach volleyball team** participates in international beach volleyball competitions and is governed by USA Volleyball.

## Tournament record

### Summer Olympics

Summer Olympics record
| Year | U.S. Women's Beach Finishes | U.S. Men's Beach Finishes |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1996 | did not medal | Gold (Karch Kiraly and Kent Steffes)
Silver (Mike Dodd and Mike Whitmarsh) |
| 2000 | did not medal | Gold (Dain Blanton and Eric Fonoimoana) |
| 2004 | Gold (Misty May-Treanor and Kerri Walsh) | did not medal |
| 2008 | Gold (Misty May-Treanor and Kerri Walsh) | Gold (Phil Dalhausser and Todd Rogers) |
| 2012 | Gold (Misty May-Treanor and Kerri Walsh)
Silver (April Ross and Jennifer Kessy) | did not medal |
| 2016 | Bronze (April Ross and Kerri Walsh-Jennings) | did not medal |
| 2020 | Gold (April Ross and Alix Klineman) | did not medal |

### World Championship

World Championship record
| Year | U.S. Women's Beach Finishes | U.S. Men's Beach Finishes |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1997 | Silver (Lisa Arce and Holly McPeak) | Silver (Canyon Ceman and Mike Whitmarsh)
Bronze (Dain Blanton and Kent Steffes) |
| 1999 | Silver (Annett Davis and Jenny Johnson Jordan)
Bronze (Liz Masakayan and Elaine Youngs) | did not medal |
| 2001 | did not medal | did not medal |
| 2003 | Gold (Misty May-Treanor and Kerri Walsh) | Silver (Dax Holdren and Stein Metzger) |
| 2005 | Gold (Misty May-Treanor and Kerri Walsh) | did not medal |
| 2007 | Gold (Misty May-Treanor and Kerri Walsh) | Gold (Phil Dalhausser and Todd Rogers) |
| 2009 | Gold (Jennifer Kessy and April Ross) | Bronze (Phil Dalhausser and Todd Rogers) |
| 2011 | Silver (Misty May-Treanor and Kerri Walsh) | did not medal |
| 2013 | did not medal | did not medal |
| 2015 | did not medal | did not medal |
| 2017 | Silver (Lauren Fendrick and April Ross) | did not medal |
| 2019 | Silver (Alix Klineman and April Ross) | did not medal |

### Pan American Games

| Year | U.S. Women's Beach Finishes | U.S. Men's Beach Finishes |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1999 | Silver (Jenny Pavley and Marsha Miller) | did not medal |
| 2003 | did not medal | did not medal |
| 2007 | did not medal | Silver (Ty Loomis / Hans Stolfus) |
| 2011 | did not medal | did not medal |
| 2015 | did not medal | did not medal |
| 2019 | Gold (Karissa Cook and Jace Pardon) | did not medal |
| 2023 | Bronze (Corinne Quiggle and Sarah Murphy) | did not medal |

## Current women's roster

Beach National Team as of June 26, 2022:

| Name | Birth date and age | Height | Hometown | College |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Terese Cannon | October 1, 1995 | 6 ft 3 in (1.90 m) | Pittsford, New York | USC |
| Kelly Cheng | September 18, 1995 | 6 ft 2 in (1.88 m) | Placentia, California | USC |
| Emily Day | August 9, 1987 | 6 ft 1 in (1.86 m) | Torrance, California | Loyola Marymount |
| Lauren Fendrick | March 20, 1982 | 6 ft 1 in (1.85 m) | Carlsbad, California | UCLA |
| Betsi Flint | August 13, 1992 | 5 ft 10 in (1.79 m) | Phoenix, Arizona | Loyola Marymount |
| Sara Hughes | February 14, 1995 | 5 ft 10 in (1.79 m) | Costa Mesa, California | USC |
| Alix Klineman | December 30, 1989 | 6 ft 5 in (1.96 m) | Manhattan Beach, California | Stanford |
| Taryn Kloth | April 10, 1997 | 6 ft 4 in (1.92 m) | Sioux Falls, South Dakota | Creighton/LSU |
| Kelley Larsen Kolinske | May 3, 1992 | 6 ft 2 in (1.87 m) | San Diego, California | Pepperdine |
| Zana Muno | May 13, 1996 | 5 ft 10 in (1.78 m) | Hermosa Beach, California | UCLA |
| Kristen Nuss | December 16, 1997 | 5 ft 6 in (1.68 m) | New Orleans, Louisiana | LSU |
| Corinne Quiggle | December 20, 1992 | 5 ft 10 in (1.79 m) | Ponte Vedra Beach, Florida | Pepperdine |
| April Ross | June 20, 1982 | 6 ft 1 in (1.85 m) | Costa Mesa, California | USC |
| Sarah Schermerhorn | November 23, 1988 | 6 ft 0 in (1.83 m) | Colfax, North Carolina | Elon |
| Savvy Simo | September 8, 1998 | 5 ft 10 in (1.78 m) | Rancho Santa Fe, California | UCLA |
| Sarah Sponcil | August 16, 1996 | 5 ft 10 in (1.79 m) | Phoenix, Arizona | Loyola Marymount/UCLA |
| Emily Stockman | June 6, 1988 | 6 ft 0 in (1.83 m) | Colorado Springs, Colorado | Winthrop/Wichita State |
| Torrey Van Winden | May 29, 1998 | 6 ft 2 in (1.88 m) | Napa, California | UCLA/Cal Poly/Florida State |
| Kerri Walsh Jennings | August 15, 1978 | 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m) | Saratoga, California | Stanford |

## Current men's roster

Beach National Team as of December 16, 2023:

| Name | Birth date and age | Height | Hometown | College | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Andy Benesh | March 14, 1995 | 6 ft 9 in (2.06 m) | Rancho Palos Verdes, California | USC |  |
| Tri Bourne | June 20, 1989 | 6 ft 6 in (1.98 m) | Honolulu, Hawaii | USC |  |
| Theo Brunner | March 17, 1985 | 6 ft 8 in (2.03 m) | Ridgefield, Connecticut | UC Santa Barbara |  |
| Chase Budinger | May 22, 1988 | 6 ft 7 in (2.01 m) | Encinitas, California | Arizona |  |
| Evan Cory | November 14, 1997 | 6 ft 4 in (1.92 m) | Metairie, Louisiana | Lincoln Memorial |  |
| Taylor Crabb | January 26, 1992 | 6 ft 0 in (1.83 m) | Honolulu, Hawaii | Long Beach State |  |
| Trevor Crabb | September 5, 1989 | 6 ft 5 in (1.96 m) | Honolulu, Hawaii | Puget Sound/Long Beach State |  |
| Miles Evans | November 12, 1989 | 6 ft 4 in (1.92 m) | Santa Barbara, California | UC Santa Barbara |  |
| Troy Field | December 21, 1993 | 6 ft 4 in (1.92 m) | Laguna Beach, California | Saddleback |  |
| Miles Partain | December 18, 2001 | 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m) | Pacific Palisades, California | UCLA |  |
| Taylor Sander | March 17, 1992 | 6 ft 4 in (1.92 m) | Huntington Beach, California | BYU |  |
| Chaim Schalk | April 23, 1986 | 6 ft 5 in (1.96 m) | Red Deer, Canada | Red Deer/Trinity Western |  |
| James Shaw | March 5, 1994 | 6 ft 8 in (2.03 m) | Woodside, California | Stanford |  |
| Logan Webber | October 29, 1995 | 6 ft 7 in (2.01 m) | Grand Rapids, Michigan | Cincinnati Christian |  |
| Dave Wieczorek | 1996 (age 2728) | 6 ft 8 in (2.03 m) | Chicago, Illinois | Pepperdine |  |


title: Martha Ellen Davis

abstract: Martha Ellen Davis is an emeritus professor from the University of Florida, anthropologist and ethnomusicologist known for her multifarious work on African diasporic religion and music. Professor Davis' research has defied conventional tenets about Haitian and Dominican folk music, and her cultural preservation projects has raised awareness of the significance of the Samaná Americanos' enclave.

text:
# Martha Ellen Davis

**Martha Ellen Davis** is an emeritus professor from the University of Florida, anthropologist and ethnomusicologist known for her multifarious work on African diasporic religion and music. Professor Davis' research has defied conventional tenets about Haitian and Dominican folk music, and her cultural preservation projects has raised awareness of the significance of the Samaná Americanos' enclave.

## Education and early work

Davis received her B.A. (Magna Cum Laude) in Anthropology from the University of California and a Ph.D. from the University of Illinois. Her graduate field work took her to various Caribbean islands, of which she has published, but it was in the Dominican Republic where early on in her graduate career she established her reputation as an iconoclast, critic and dedicated scholar to Black culture. In 1972, she arrived at the island of Hispaniola with the suspicion that Dominicans owned more to the Afro-Caribbean culture than what had been documented yet. In an article published in a leading Dominican newspaper, Xiomarita Perez wrote candidly about Davis' style and links to the country: "Martha works from the heart and with the heart... Her job is essential to the country's social memory" (Spanish:«Martha trabaja de corazón y con el corazón... Su oficio es delicado e importante para la memoria social del país»).

## Institutional involvement

Part of Davis' legacy includes co-founding the Committee of Applied Ethnomusicology within the Society for Ethnomusicology in 1998, writing four seminal books, producing documentaries, and writing numerous scientific articles. She has been considered an authority in Afro-Caribbean music and is quoted extensively in the literature. Davis' book, *La otra ciencia*, earned the National Nonfiction Award of the Dominican Republic. While continuing as an affiliate professor at the University of Florida, since ca. 2003 Davis has spent most of her time in the Dominican Republic as honorary researcher of the Museo del Hombre Dominicano (Museum of the Dominican Man) and oral-history expert and researcher of the Archivo General de la Nación (The National Archives), offering lectures, advising young scholars, and writing. On November 1, 2012, the Museo celebrated her 40 years of research in the country.

## Scholarly contributions

Davis' long-standing interest in the Dominican and Haitian cultures derives from her belief that "The island of Hispaniola—the Spanish colony of Santo Domingo and first colony in the New World—was the initial diasporal crucible and cultural bridge of the Americas." In 1976, Davis, who rivals Fernando Ortiz in years of research into Afro-Caribbean culture, challenged the Dominican cultural establishment. According to Peter Manuel from CUNY, she convincingly suggested "that if there is any rightful 'national' music of the Dominican Republic, it would be not the Merengue, with its specifically regional origin in the Cibao, but rather the various types of *salve*, which have flourished throughout the country." Her work has also crossed into the realm of religion, and here she also suggested that what is commonly called Dominican "Folk Religion" is more accurately described as folk Catholicism of which one component is "Dominican Vodou".

## Select publications

* 1972 "The social organization of a musical event: The fiesta de cruz in San Juan, Puerto Rico." *Ethnomusicology* 16 (1): 38-62.
* 1975 "The changing role of the Dulzainero in León, Spain." *The Journal of American Folklore* 88 (349): 245-53.
* 1980 That Old-time Religion: Tradicion y Cambio en el Enclave Americano de Samana." *Boletin del Museo del Hombre Dominicano Saint-Domingue* 9, (14): 165-196.
* 1980 Aspectos de la influencia africana en la musica tradicional dominicana. Santo Domingo, República Dominicana: Museo del Hombre Dominicano
* 1980 "La Cultura Musical Religiosa de Los Americanos de Samana." Boletin Del Museo Del Hombre Dominicano Saint-Domingue 9 (15): 127–69.
* 1981 "Voces del purgatorio: estudio de la salve dominicana." Santo Domingo, República Dominicana: Museo del Hombre Dominicano.
* 1981 "Himnos y Anthems (Coros) de los americanos de Samana: Contextos y Estilos." Boletin del Museo del Hombre Dominicano 10(16): 85-107.
* 1983 "Cantos de esclavos y libertos: cancionero de anthems (coros) de Samaná." Boletín del Museo del Hombre Dominicano 18: 197-236.
* 1987 "'native bi-musicality:' case studies from the Caribbean." *Pacific Review of Ethnomusicology* 4 : 39-55.
* 1987 La otra ciencia : el vodú dominicano como religión y medicina populares. Santo Domingo, República Dominicana : Editora Universitaria, UASD.
* 1992 "Careers, 'alternative Careers,' and the Unity Between Theory and Practice in Ethnomusicology." *Ethnomusicology* 36 (3): 361–87. doi:10.2307/851869.
* 1994 "'Bi-Musicality' in the Cultural Configurations of the Caribbean" *Black Music Research Journal* 14 (2): 145-60.
* 1996 ''Vodú of the Dominican Republic. Gainesville, FL: ETHNICA Publications, 1996.
* 2001 "Overview of Caribbean music." *The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America* 110, no. 5 (2001): 2672-2672.
* 2002 "An antidote to crisis: Exploring the colombian musical diaspora in miami." *Hemisphere*: 4.
* 2002 "Dominican folk dance and the shaping of national identity." Caribbean dance from Abakuá to Zouk: How movement shapes identity (2002): 127-151.
* 2003 (with Miguel Fernández, Arturo Guzmán, Pericles Mejía and Manuel Segura) *Papá Liborio el santo vivo de Maguana. Gainesville*, FL: Ethnica Publications
* 2004 *La ruta hacia Liborio: mesianismo en el sur profundo dominicano.* Santo Domingo, República Dominicana: UNESCO and Secretaría de Estado de Cultura, 2004. ISBN 9993496073
* 2004 (with Miguel Fernández, Arturo Guzmán, and Amauta De Marco) *The Dominican Southwest : Crossroads of Quisqueya and center of the world.* Gainesville, Fla: Ethnica Publications
* 2007 "Vodú of the dominican republic: Devotion to "la veintiuna división." *Afro - 'Hispanic Review* 26 (1): 75.
* 2007 (with Jovanny Guzmán, and Norma Urraca de Martínez) "Vodú of the Dominican Republic: Devotion to" La Veintiuna División"." *Afro-Hispanic Review* (2007): 75-90.
* 2007 "Asentamiento Y Vida Económica de Los Inmigrantes Afroamericanos de Samaná: Testimonio de La Profesora Martha Willmore (Leticia)." *Boletín Del Archivo General de La Nación* 31 (119): 709-734
* 2011 *Les Tambours Palos de la Republique Dominicaine.* Archivo General de la Nación (Dominican Republic) & University of Florida; Médiathèque Caraïbe / Conseil Général de la Guadeloupe
* 2011 "¿Existe un pensamiento antropológico Dominicano?"
* 2011 Davis, Martha Ellen. "La Historia de Los Inmigrantes Afro-Americanos Y Sus Iglesias En Samaná Según El Reverendo Nehemiah Willmore." Boletín Del Archivo General de La Nación 36 (129): 237–45.
* 2012 "Diasporal Dimensions of Dominican Folk Religion and Music". *Black Music Research Journal* 32 (1): 161 – 191.

## InfoBox

| Martha E. Davis | |
| --- | --- |
| Presenting a paper in Santo Domingo | |
| Occupation(s) | Anthropologist, Ethnomusicologist |
| Awards | Charles Seeger Prize (1970), Chicago Folklore Prize (1976), Premio Nacional de Ensayo Pedro Henríquez Ureña (1985) |


title: Yazidism in Turkey

abstract: Yazidism in Turkey refers to adherents of Yazidism from Turkey, who remained in Turkey after the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire. The Yazidis living in Turkey during and after the second half of the 20th century gradually left for European countries. In the 1980s, there were 60,000 Yazidis situated in Beşiri, Kurtalan, Bismil, Midyat, Idil, Cizre, Nusaybin, Viranşehir, Suruç and Bozova. Today, these places are almost empty due to exodus to Europe which was provoked by political, religious and economic difficulties. Today only small number remain in villages around Midyat, Viranşehir, Çınar and Beşiri. According to the census of 2000, only 423 individuals adhering to Yazidism remained in the country.

text:
# Yazidism in Turkey

**Yazidism in Turkey** refers to adherents of Yazidism from Turkey, who remained in Turkey after the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire. The Yazidis living in Turkey during and after the second half of the 20th century gradually left for European countries. In the 1980s, there were 60,000 Yazidis situated in Beşiri, Kurtalan, Bismil, Midyat, Idil, Cizre, Nusaybin, Viranşehir, Suruç and Bozova. Today, these places are almost empty due to exodus to Europe which was provoked by political, religious and economic difficulties. Today only small number remain in villages around Midyat, Viranşehir, Çınar and Beşiri. According to the census of 2000, only 423 individuals adhering to Yazidism remained in the country.

## Demography

According to the Society for Threatened Peoples, 300,000 Yazidis originally lived in Turkey.

In the 1980s, the number of Yazidis in Turkey was around 60,000. In 1993, the number was estimated to be 24,309.

In 2003, the United States Department of State's Bureau for Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor stated that 5,000 Yazidis live in Turkey.

In 2004, the Federal Office for Migration and Refugees reported that more than 2,000 Yazidis (mainly in south-eastern Anatolia) live in Turkey.

In 2019, the number of Yazidis in Turkey was less than 1,000 according to the United States federal government estimate.

## Settlement areas

Historically, the Yazidis lived in Turkey in the east, south, and south-east of Turkey. The current settlement area of Yazidis in Turkey includes Midyat and Nusaybin counties in Mardin province, Batman and Beşiri counties in Batman province and parts of İdil counties in Şırnak province. Other Yazidi settlement areas are in Sur, Bismil and Çınar counties in Diyarbakır province and in Viranşehir district in Şanlıurfa province.

## History

Yazidis are native to an area of the Middle East historically known as Mesopotamia (more specifically, they are indigenous to the northern part of Mesopotamia) which also includes southeastern Turkey.

The modern state of Turkey was founded in 1923. Yazidis lived on the territory of present-day Turkey before the establishment of the modern state of Turkey. Yazidi tribes lived in the Ottoman provinces of Mosul, Diyarbekir, Van, Bitlis and Aleppo after Sultan Selim conquered eastern Anatolia, Mosul and Syria between 1514 and 1516.

In 1844, the Yazidis in Turkey, who were in the Tur Abdin region, were massacred by the Kurdish prince Bedirkhan Beg and his troops.

Recently, some Yazidis who are from Turkey and have lived in Germany have returned to their villages in Turkey.

### Exodus to the Caucasus

In the 19th century and in the early 20th century, the Yazidis in began to flee the Van, Kars and Dogubayazit regions of eastern Turkey during two main waves of migrations, the first wave taking place during the Russo-Ottoman wars of 19th century (1828-1829 and 1879-1882) and the second wave taking place during World War 1, especially during and after the Armenian genocide where Yazidis were also targeted alongside Armenians. Before migrating, Yazidis formed an integral part of Kurdish tribal interactions during the Ottoman empire. The Yazidis of Armenia who arrived during the first wave of migrations, settled in Aparan and Talin provinces in the mountainous regions of Aragatz, whereas the Yazidis who arrived during the second wave settled in villages across Ashtarak, Echmiadzin and Armavir. Main causes of these migrations was war and religious persecution at the hands of Ottoman Turks and the Muslim Kurds who were trying to forcibly convert them to Islam.

#### Armenian Genocide

Yazidis were massacred alongside Armenians, Assyrians and Pontic Greeks during the Armenian genocide in 1915 and 1916, which then led to many Yazidis fleeing. Turkey denies the genocide. During the genocide there was the slogan "Those who kill 7 Armenians will go to Heaven" and also the version "Those who kill 7 Yazidis will go to Heaven" were used. According to Aziz Tamoyan, over 300,000 Yazidis were killed with the Armenians, while others fled to Transcaucasia.

### Escape to Germany

Due to persecution, oppression and discrimination, Yazidis fled Turkey in two major immigration waves, the first wave began in the 1960s; many Yazidis were among the guest workers from Turkey. Some settled in Celle, where the Telefunken company started producing color televisions in a new factory here in 1966. The second wave took place after the 1980 Turkish military coup. When Yazidis, like many of their fellow Kurds, suffered under the dictatorship of General Kenan Evren. Yazidis were recognized as a persecuted group for the first time by the administrative court of Stade and after the next few years, North-Rhine Westphalia followed suit as a federal state. After fleeing, the Federal Constitutional Court also declared the Yazidis to be a persecuted group.

According to the German Bundestag, the majority of Yazidis have left Turkey in the last 30 years.

In 1989, Gernot Wießner and Herbert Schnoor traveled to Turkey with a delegation to see for themselves the persecution of the Yazidis. They campaigned in North Rhine-Westphalia for the right to stay for the Yazidis, whereupon the Yazidis were recognized as a persecuted group in Germany.

## Literature


title: Phacidiopycnis padwickii

abstract: Phacidiopycnis padwickii is a species of fungus in the family Phacidiaceae, first described by Kavasji Framaji Kheswalla in 1941. It is a plant pathogen that causes collar rot, foot rot, wilt and blight of chickpea.

text:
# Phacidiopycnis padwickii

***Phacidiopycnis padwickii*** is a species of fungus in the family Phacidiaceae, first described by Kavasji Framaji Kheswalla in 1941. It is a plant pathogen that causes collar rot, foot rot, wilt and blight of chickpea.

## InfoBox

| *Phacidiopycnis padwickii* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Leotiomycetes |
| Order: | Rhytismatales |
| Family: | Rhytismataceae |
| Genus: | *Phacidiopycnis* |
| Species: | ***P. padwickii*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Phacidiopycnis padwickii***<br>(Khesw.) B. Sutton, (1980) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Operculella padwickii* Khesw., (1941) | |


title: Up Front (game)

abstract: Up Front is a World War II card-based wargame. It was designed by Courtney F. Allen and published by Avalon Hill in 1983. Hasbro now owns the franchise, and at one time licensed it to Multi-Man Publishing, a license that has since expired without republication of the game. There was an attempt to reprint Up Front through Kickstarter in 2013. The project raised over $300,000, but no updates to status has been posted since March 21, 2014. In 2016 Hasbro licensed Wargame Vault to sell Up Front as a print on demand product; and the game is now available through on-line ordering. The official rules are currently available to order either as a printed book or as a portable document format electronic file. The components (cards) are produced on high quality card-stock with all known official errata incorporated in the reprints.

text:
# Up Front (game)

***Up Front*** is a World War II card-based wargame. It was designed by Courtney F. Allen and published by Avalon Hill in 1983. Hasbro now owns the franchise, and at one time licensed it to Multi-Man Publishing, a license that has since expired without republication of the game. There was an attempt to reprint *Up Front* through Kickstarter in 2013. The project raised over $300,000, but no updates to status has been posted since March 21, 2014.

In 2016 Hasbro licensed Wargame Vault to sell ***Up Front*** as a print on demand product; and the game is now available through on-line ordering. The official rules are currently available to order either as a printed book or as a portable document format electronic file. The components (cards) are produced on high quality card-stock with all known official errata incorporated in the reprints.

## Description

Subtitled *The Squad Leader Card Game*, *Up Front* was intended as a card version of their successful *Squad Leader* series of games, but it represented a radical change in approach. Traditional wargames are based on maps representing terrain and game pieces representing units, which attack on their players' turns. *Up Front* has terrain, attack opportunities, and other factors determined by cards dealt to the players.

Fans of the game claim this type of play gives the player a more realistic feel for man-to-man combat where most terrain will be unfamiliar. With traditional map-based wargames, players have an overhead view of the entire battlefield. In *Up Front*, locations are revealed as the game is played, emulating how real soldiers might encounter and explore terrain.

The game contains two different kinds of cards, Personality and Action. A Personality card depicts a single soldier and several statistics about him including his name, rank, and the weapon he is carrying. These are assigned by the scenario selected (scenarios lettered A-L were included in the base game) and arranged in groups by the players. The Action Deck contains different types of cards including terrain, movement, heroes, and many other game factors. These are shuffled and dealt to the players.

The original game included German, U.S., and Russian units along with their equipment. Expansions added to the nationalities available for play. Each nationality was given different capabilities including variations in hand size and discard ability which imposes different tactics for the players by limiting the options available to them.

## Expansions

Two official expansions were released for *Up Front*:

* *Banzai* (1984), which included Japanese, British, and USMC forces along with rules for Jungle Terrain, Random Reinforcements, and Scenarios M-X.
* *Desert War* (1985), which included French, and Italian forces as well as rules for Desert Terrain.

Both expansions are now available as print to order products from Wargame Vault.

## Reception

Sandy Petersen comments: "If you can find a copy of *Up Front*, and you like tactical combat at all, check it out. Or even if you just like card games. In either case, you won't be disappointed. This is a game that surpasses its flaws, and turns some of them into strengths."

## Legacy

Like many Avalon Hill games, *Up Front* continues to be popular among loyal fans. There are active groups dedicated to the game on the Internet.

There is also a VASSAL Engine module for this game.

Wargame Vault now sells licensed copies of the original game and both expansions as print to order products.

## InfoBox

Up Front
| Designers | Courtney F. Allen |
| --- | --- |
| Publishers | Avalon Hill<br>Wargame Vault |
| Years active | 1983–present |
| Players | 2 |
| Playing time | 60+ minutes |
| Website | Wargame Vault |


title: Matisse (crater)

abstract: Matisse is an impact crater on the southern hemisphere of Mercury. Matisse takes its name from the French artist Henri Matisse, and it was named by the IAU in 1976. Two faculae within and near Matisse were named by the IAU in May 2023. One is called Ngu Facula, located within an unnamed crater in northern Matisse. The other is called Ahas Facula, located in an unnamed crater northeast of Matisse. Within Matisse is a dark spot of low reflectance material (LRM). The dark spot is associated with hollows. The dark spot is located on the southwest rim of the unnamed crater containing Ngu Facula. The smaller crater Lessing is to the south of Matisse.

text:
# Matisse (crater)

**Matisse** is an impact crater on the southern hemisphere of Mercury. Matisse takes its name from the French artist Henri Matisse, and it was named by the IAU in 1976.

Two faculae (high-albedo areas) within and near Matisse were named by the IAU in May 2023. One is called Ngu Facula, located within an unnamed crater in northern Matisse. The other is called Ahas Facula, located in an unnamed crater northeast of Matisse.

Within Matisse is a *dark spot* of low reflectance material (LRM). The dark spot is associated with hollows. The dark spot is located on the southwest rim of the unnamed crater containing Ngu Facula.

The smaller crater Lessing is to the south of Matisse.

## InfoBox

Matisse
| *MESSENGER* photo of Matisse (right), from its first flyby in January 2008 | |
| --- | --- |
| Feature type | Impact crater |
| Location | Michelangelo quadrangle, Mercury |
| Coordinates | 23°48′S 90°11′W / 23.80°S 90.19°W / -23.80; -90.19 |
| Diameter | 189 km (117 mi) |
| Eponym | Henri Matisse |