title: Supplément au voyage de Bougainville

abstract: Supplément au voyage de Bougainville, ou dialogue entre A et B sur l'inconvénient d'attacher des idées morales à certaines actions physiques qui n'en comportent pas. is a set of philosophical dialogues written by Denis Diderot, inspired by Louis Antoine de Bougainville's Voyage autour du monde. It was written in 1772 for the journal Correspondance littéraire, which commissioned him to review Bougainville's account of his travels, but not published until 1796. The work was published posthumously, as Diderot had died in 1784.

text:
# Supplément au voyage de Bougainville

***Supplément au voyage de Bougainville, ou dialogue entre A et B sur l'inconvénient d'attacher des idées morales à certaines actions physiques qui n'en comportent pas.*** ("*Addendum to the Journey of Bougainville, or dialogue between A and B on the drawback to binding moral ideas to certain physical actions which bear none*") is a set of philosophical dialogues written by Denis Diderot, inspired by Louis Antoine de Bougainville's *Voyage autour du monde*. It was written in 1772 for the journal *Correspondance littéraire*, which commissioned him to review Bougainville's account of his travels, but not published until 1796. The work was published posthumously, as Diderot had died in 1784.

## Background

Bougainville, a contemporary of Diderot, was a French explorer whose 1771 book *Voyage autour du monde* (*A Voyage Around the World*) provided an account of an expedition that took him to Argentina, Patagonia, Indonesia, and Tahiti. It was the utopian descriptions of the latter that inspired Diderot to write his review in the form of a fictional *Supplement*.

## Structure

The *Supplement* spans either four or five chapters, depending on the edition. Each takes the form of a dialogue between two people, but the characters and setting varies. Chapter two features a Tahitian Elder addressing a hypothetical Bougainville; chapters three and four are between a villager named Orou and his European almoner guest; in chapters one and five, speakers known only as "A" and "B" speak in a literary space apart from Tahiti, commenting on and drawing lessons from the noted differences between Tahitian and European culture.

In each of the dialogues, Diderot aligns one character with European culture and the other with Tahitian culture for the purpose of contrasting the two. This kind of nature–culture divide was a common strategy to critique aspects of European culture during the Enlightenment.

### Theme of Sexuality in *Supplément au Voyage de Bougainville*

#### Origins

Because of his study of nature and the advancements in life sciences, Denis Diderot came to the conclusion that universal progress depends largely on Eros. For Diderot, Eros is "a priori existence of sexual energy that fuels the universe." This concept greatly influenced Diderot's views on human sexuality. His involvement in Enlightenment movements such as sensualism, vitalism and materialism also helped him to develop his ideas about human sexuality. He believed that nature had a moral end and encourages humans to have children. Since nature favors procreation, laws and rules should not restrain the sexuality of men and women. Since 18th century French society had many rules controlling people's sexuality, Diderot believed that French society is not a suitable place for Eros because of its "artificiality and formalism." For Claudia Moscovici, Diderot's critique of 18th century French society, especially its rules controlling human sexuality, can especially be seen in the *Supplément au Voyage de Bougainville*.

#### Diderot’s views on human sexuality

Diderot's views on sexuality are contained in the *Supplément au Voyage de Bougainville*. In the book, Diderot uses a dialogue between Orou, a Tahitian man, and a chaplain in order to contrast the French and Tahitian societies. Tahitian people are governed by nature and portrayed as happy and content. They also have fewer restrictions on their sexual conduct because men and women are not obligated to marry before having a child together. People can have sex with the opposite gender in order to procreate, which is nature's intended purpose for humans. In Tahiti, women are not considered property of any man and are not ridiculed for having a child before marriage. Claudia Moscovici argues that Diderot uses the Tahitian society to criticize the laws and norms regarding sexual behavior in 18th century French society and Western culture. Unlike the Tahitians, the French are governed by laws and convention. They had more restrictions on the sexual behavior of men and women. For instance, it was unacceptable to have a child with someone without being married in French society. Once married, family life for women was very constraining. French women did not have much freedom to pursue jobs outside the home and were considered the property of their husband. In this way, Claudia Moscovici argues that Diderot believed that marriage controlled human sexuality because women and men were bound to one another, prohibiting them from having children with others. For Alice Parker, Diderot also believed this idea because French women were no longer free to satisfy their own desires, especially sexual ones, and had to adhere to the commands of their "bourgeois patriarchs."

#### Diderot’s contradictory views on sexuality

Walter E. Rex has suggested that Diderot's claim in *Supplément au Voyage de Bougainville* that women should not be the property of men is contradicted by the letter that he writes to Angélique, his daughter, on her wedding day. Here, discussing how his daughter should act once married, Diderot asserts that a wife should obey and give pleasure to her husband, respect him at all times, and keep him entertained in order to guarantee that he will not leave her; Diderot even says that her whole existence is to ensure that her husband is satisfied. The submission that Diderot enjoins is contrary to the liberation displayed in the Tahitian lifestyle in *Supplément au Voyage de Bougainville*. a sign perhaps of his uncertainty regarding the extent to which it can serve as a model for imitation in present-day European society.


title: Trolleybuses in Bournemouth

abstract: The Bournemouth trolleybus system once served the town of Bournemouth, then in Hampshire, but now in Dorset, England. Opened on 13 May 1933, it gradually replaced the Bournemouth tramway network. By the standards of the various now-defunct trolleybus systems in the United Kingdom, the Bournemouth system was a medium-sized one, with a total of 22 routes, and a maximum fleet of 104 trolleybuses. It was also the second largest trolleybus system in southern England, after the London system. It was closed on 20 April 1969.

text:
# Trolleybuses in Bournemouth

The **Bournemouth trolleybus system** once served the town of Bournemouth, then in Hampshire, but now in Dorset, England. Opened on 13 May 1933, it gradually replaced the Bournemouth tramway network.

By the standards of the various now-defunct trolleybus systems in the United Kingdom, the Bournemouth system was a medium-sized one, with a total of 22 routes, and a maximum fleet of 104 trolleybuses. It was also the second largest trolleybus system in southern England, after the London system. It was closed on 20 April 1969.

## Notable features

The most notable feature of the Bournemouth system was probably the Christchurch trolleybus turntable, which is said to be one of only five such turntables ever to have been constructed worldwide. It is now a Grade II listed building. The turntable was manually operated and was in use from 19 June 1936 until the closure of the system.

Also notable was the style of bodywork employed on most of the Bournemouth's trolleybuses. Many featured two staircases and the traditional open rear platform was supplemented with a front passenger exit fitted with folding doors.

## Preservation

Several of the former Bournemouth system trolleybuses are now preserved, in their distinctive yellow and maroon livery. Two are at the East Anglia Transport Museum (fleet numbers 282 and 286), and two Sunbeam MF2B trolleybuses plus one other (fleet numbers 99, 297 and 301) are at The Trolleybus Museum at Sandtoft. One is in private ownership in England. One is in the National Transport Museum of Ireland.

### Notes

### Further reading

* Bowler, David R H (2001). *Bournemouth Trolleybuses*. Yateley, Hampshire, UK: Trolleybooks. ISBN 978-0-904235-19-7.
* Chalk, D L (1969). *Bournemouth Trolleybuses*. Bournemouth, Hampshire, UK: Bournemouth Corporation.
* Pearce, Malcolm N (1998). *Bournemouth Trolleybuses*. Midhurst, West Sussex, UK: Middleton Press. ISBN 978-1-901706-10-9.
* Roberts, C G (1972). *Bournemouth Trams and Buses*. Lingfield, UK: Oakwood Press.
* *Yellow Buses, 85th Anniversary*. Bournemouth, Dorset, UK: Bournemouth Transport Ltd. 1987.

Media related to Trolleybuses in Bournemouth at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Bournemouth trolleybus system | |
| --- | --- |
| A Bournemouth trolleybus at the Iford roundabout, March 1966 | |
| Operation | |
| Locale | Bournemouth, Hampshire<br>(now Dorset), England |
| Open | 13 May 1933 (1933-05-13) |
| Close | 20 April 1969 (1969-04-20) |
| Status | Closed |
| Routes | 22 |
| Operator(s) | Bournemouth Corporation Transport |
| Infrastructure | |
| Stock | 104 (maximum) |


title: William Stubbs (interior designer)

abstract: William W. (Bill) Stubbs, IIDA, is an American interior designer, author, and television show host. He is recognized by Architectural Digest, as one of its AD 100 — which features its top 100 architects and interior designers.

text:
# William Stubbs (interior designer)

**William W. (Bill) Stubbs**, IIDA, is an American interior designer, author, and television show host. He is recognized by *Architectural Digest*, as one of its AD 100  which features its top 100 architects and interior designers.

## Biography

Born in Gonzales, Texas, Stubbs attended the International Institute of Design in Washington, D.C. After completing his studies in the 1970s, he worked briefly for a Houston department store, and then for real estate developers.

Stubbs established his own firm over 25 years ago  William W. Stubbs and Associates, an international design firm based in Houston, Texas.

In 2004, Stubbs penned an autobiographical book *I Hate Red, You’re Fired!*.

Bill Stubbs is the host of the Emmy-nominated PBS weekly television show *A Moment of Luxury*, which aired between April 2008 and December 2009. The show featured locations in the U.S. and around the world.

Stubbs has received recognitions and awards for his interior design work. He is recognized by *Architectural Digest* as a top 100 designer. He was awarded the American Society of Interior Designers (ASID) Award and the International Interior Design Association (IIDA) Outstanding Design Award. He was awarded the "Stars of Design Lifetime Achievement Award" in May 2013.

## External Articles

## InfoBox

| William Stubbs | |
| --- | --- |
| Website | William W. Stubbs & Associates |


title: Wot Island

abstract: Wot Rock is a small uninhabited islet in the Pacific Ocean, a part of the Shepherd Islands archipelago in the Shefa Province of Vanuatu. Wot is located close to Emae Island.

text:
# Wot Island

**Wot Rock** ( *Étarik* or *Monument Rock* ) is a small uninhabited islet in the Pacific Ocean, a part of the Shepherd Islands archipelago in the Shefa Province of Vanuatu. Wot is located close to Emae Island.

## InfoBox

Wot Rock
Monument Rock
| Native name: Étarik
Îlot Wot | |
| --- | --- |
| Wot Rock
Monument RockLocation in Vanuatu | |
| Geography | |
| Location | Pacific Ocean |
| Coordinates | 17°16′01″S 168°27′48″E / 17.26694°S 168.46333°E / -17.26694; 168.46333 |
| Archipelago | Vanuatu |
| Administration | |
| **Vanuatu** | |
| Province | Shefa Province |
| Demographics | |
| Population | 0 (2015) |
| Ethnic groups | None |


title: Özgür, Ardeşen

abstract: Özgür is a village in the Ardeşen District, Rize Province, in Black Sea Region of Turkey. Its population is 159 (2021).

text:
# Özgür, Ardeşen

**Özgür** is a village in the Ardeşen District, Rize Province, in Black Sea Region of Turkey. Its population is 159 (2021).

## History

According to *list of villages in Laz language* book (2009), name of the village is **Mushkale**. Most villagers are ethnically Laz.

## Geography

The village is located 17 kilometres (11 mi) away from Ardeşen.

## InfoBox

| Özgür Mushkala or Mushkale (Laz language) | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Rize |
| District | Ardeşen |
| Elevation | 764 m (2,507 ft) |
| Population (2021) | 159 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |


title: Neosminthurus clavatus

abstract: Neosminthurus clavatus is a species of globular springtails in the family Sminthuridae, found in Mexico and Central America.

text:
# Neosminthurus clavatus

***Neosminthurus clavatus*** is a species of globular springtails in the family Sminthuridae, found in Mexico and Central America.

## InfoBox

| *Neosminthurus clavatus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subclass: | Collembola |
| Order: | Symphypleona |
| Family: | Sminthuridae |
| Genus: | *Neosminthurus* |
| Species: | ***N. clavatus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Neosminthurus clavatus***<br>(Banks, 1897) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Neosminthurus curvisetis*  (Guthrie, 1903) * *Neosminthurus purpureus*  Guthrie, 1903 * *Sminthurus curvisetis*  Scott, 1964 | |


title: Neosisyphus

abstract: Neosisyphus is a genus of Scarabaeidae or scarab beetles in the superfamily Scarabaeoidea.

text:
# Neosisyphus

***Neosisyphus*** is a genus of Scarabaeidae or scarab beetles in the superfamily Scarabaeoidea.

## InfoBox

| *Neosisyphus* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Neosisyphus armatus* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Suborder: | Polyphaga |
| Infraorder: | Scarabeiformia |
| Superfamily: | Scarabaeoidea |
| Family: | Scarabaeidae |
| Genus: | ***Neosisyphus*** |
|


title: Neosminthurus

abstract: Neosminthurus is a genus of globular springtails in the family Sminthuridae, found in Central and North America. There are at least 3 described species in Neosminthurus.

text:
# Neosminthurus

***Neosminthurus*** is a genus of globular springtails in the family Sminthuridae, found in Central and North America. There are at least 3 described species in *Neosminthurus*.

## Species

## InfoBox

| *Neosminthurus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subclass: | Collembola |
| Order: | Symphypleona |
| Family: | Sminthuridae |
| Subfamily: | Sphyrothecinae |
| Genus: | *Neosminthurus*<br>Mills, 1934 |
|


title: Shasta traditional narratives

abstract: Shasta traditional narratives include myths, legends, tales, and oral histories preserved by the Shasta people of northern California and southern Oregon.

text:
# Shasta traditional narratives

**Shasta traditional narratives** include myths, legends, tales, and oral histories preserved by the **Shasta people** (including the Konomihu and Okwanuchu) of northern California and southern Oregon.

## Introduction

Shastan oral literature reflects the position of the group in an area where cultural influences converged from several different regions, including central California, Pacific Northwest, Plateau, and Great Basin. (*See also* Traditional narratives (Native California).)

### Online examples of Shasta narratives

### Sources for Shasta narratives

* Clark, Ella E. 1953. *Indian Legends of the Pacific Northwest*. University of California Press, Berkeley. (Includes a Flood myth published by Dixon (1910), pp. 11–12.)
* Curtis, Edward S. 1907-1930. *The North American Indian*. 20 vols. Plimpton Press, Norwood, Massachusetts. (Seven myths collected from Indian Jake, vol. 13, pp. 201–206.)
* Dixon, Roland B. 1905. "The Mythology of the Shasta-Achomawi". *American Anthropologist* 7:607-612. (Comparative notes.)
* Dixon, Roland B. 1910. "Shasta Myths". *Journal of American Folklore* 23:8-37. (31 myths, including Theft of Fire, Orpheus, and Loon Woman.)
* Erdoes, Richard, and Alfonso Ortiz. 1984. *American Indian Myths and Legends*. Pantheon Books, New York. (Retelling of a narrative from Gifford and Block 1930, pp. 356–357.)
* Ferrand, Livingston. 1910. "Shasta and Athapascan Myths from Oregon". Edited by Leo J. Frachtenberg. *Journal of American Folklore* 28:207-242. (15 Shasta myths, including Theft of Fire and Loon Woman, collected in 1900.)
* Gifford, Edward Winslow, and Gwendoline Harris Block. 1930. *California Indian Nights*. Arthur H. Clark, Glendale, California. (Eleven previously published narratives, pp. 124–125, 139-141, 162-164, 171-174, 189-190, 201-203, 226-227, 269-273, 278-280, 301.)
* Graves, Charles S. 1929. *Lore and Legends of the Klamath River Indians*. Press of the Times, Yreka, California. (Includes Yurok, Karok, and Shasta narratives.)
* Holt, Permelia Catharine. 1942. *The Relations of Shasta Folk Lore*. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of California, Berkeley.
* Holsinger, Rosemary. 1982. *Shasta Indian Tales*. Naturegraph, Happy Camp, California.
* Judson, Katharine Berry. 1912. *Myths and Legends of California and the Old Southwest*. A. C. McClurg, Chicago. (Three myths, pp. 27–28, 37-38, 55-57.)
* Kroeber A. L. 1907. "Indian Myths of South Central California". *University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology* 4:167-250. Berkeley. (Comparative notes, pp. 179–181.)
* Kroeber, A. L. 1925. *Handbook of the Indians of California*. Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin No. 78. Washington, D.C. (Brief comparative comments, pp. 283, 304.)
* Powers, Stephen. 1877. *Tribes of California*. Contributions to North American Ethnology, vol. 3. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Reprinted with an introduction by Robert F. Heizer in 1976, University of California Press, Berkeley. (Several narratives, including Theft of Fire, pp. 250–251.)
* Ramsey, Jarold. 1977. *Coyote Was Going There: Indian Literature of the Oregon Country*. University of Washington Press, Seattle. (Theft of Fire myth previously published by Dixon, pp. 216–217.)
* Silver, Shirley, and Clara Wicks. 1977. "Coyote Steals the Fire (Shasta)". In *Northern Californian Texts*, edited by Victor Golla and Shirley Silver, pp. 121–131. International Journal of American Linguistics Native American Texts Series No. 2(2). University of Chicago Press.
* Thompson, Stith. 1929. *Tales of the North American Indians*. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts. (Loon Woman narrative, pp. 196–197, from Farrand 1915.)
* Voegelin, Erminie W. 1947. "Three Shasta Myths, Including 'Orpheus'". *Journal of American Folklore* 60:52-58. (Collected in 1936 from Rogue River Shasta informant Sargeant Sambo; comparisons with other Shasta and Karok versions.)


title: List of symphonies by Joseph Haydn

abstract: There are 106 symphonies by the classical composer Joseph Haydn (1732–1809). Of these, 104 have numbers associated with them which were originally assigned by Eusebius Mandyczewski in 1908 in the chronological order that was known at the time. In the subsequent decades, numerous inaccuracies in the chronology were found, but the Mandyczewski numbers were so widely used that when Anthony van Hoboken compiled his catalogue of Haydn's works, he incorporated the Mandyczewski number into Catalogue I. Also in that time period, two additional symphonies were discovered, bringing the total to 106.

text:
# List of symphonies by Joseph Haydn

There are 106 symphonies by the classical composer Joseph Haydn (1732–1809). Of these, 104 have numbers associated with them which were originally assigned by Eusebius Mandyczewski in 1908 in the chronological order that was known at the time. In the subsequent decades, numerous inaccuracies in the chronology (especially in the lower numbers) were found, but the Mandyczewski numbers were so widely used that when Anthony van Hoboken compiled his catalogue of Haydn's works, he incorporated the Mandyczewski number into Catalogue I (e.g., Symphony No. 34 is listed as Hob. I/34). Also in that time period, two additional symphonies were discovered (which were assigned non-Mandyczewskian letters "A" and "B"), bringing the total to 106.

## The symphonies

Hoboken also includes four other works in his "Symphony" category (Hob. I):

* Hob. I/105 in B major, better known as the *Sinfonia Concertante for violin, cello, oboe and bassoon* (1792)
* Hob. I/106 in D major, for which only one part has survived (1769?); sometimes used as the overture to *Le pescatrici*
* Hob. I/107 in B major, often known not by a number but as *Symphony A* (between 1757 and 1760); arranged as string quartet op. 1, no. 5 Hob. III/5
* Hob. I/108 in B major, often known not by a number but as *Symphony B* (between 1757 and 1760)

Despite this, the number of "symphonies" by Haydn is usually given as 106.

## Extensive and complete recordings

Several conductors recorded incomplete runs of the symphonies on LP, including two, Hermann Scherchen and Max Goberman, whose efforts have been reissued in all or part on CD. During the 1960's, Leslie Jones conducted some fifty of Haydn's symphonies together with The Little Orchestra of London. Although not using period instruments, Jones may have been one of the first conductors to use small scale forces. During the 1980s, Neville Marriner recorded the "name" symphonies (29 symphonies) with the Academy of St Martin in the Fields for Philips Classics. These include Nos. 6-8, 22, 26, 31, 43-45, 47-49, 53, 55, 59-60, 63, 69, 73, 82-83, 85, 92, 94, 96, 100-101, 103-104. They were originally released separately, then as a box set. Four conductors have recorded the complete symphonies of Joseph Haydn:

Christopher Hogwood was to have recorded on period instruments a complete cycle of Haydn symphonies with the Academy of Ancient Music (AAM) for Decca's L'Oiseau Lyre imprint in a total of 15 volumes, each containing 3 CDs. Between 1990 and 2000, a total of 10 of these volumes were commercially released on CD; these volumes contain Nos. 1–75, plus the two early symphonies numbered 107 and 108, and are presented in a theoretical chronological rather than numerical order. The program booklets contained in each of these 10 volumes keep a concordance to the complete contents of the 15 volumes. Prior to the commencement of this project, Hogwood and the AAM had recorded four of Haydn's later symphonies (94, 96, 100, and 104) for L'Oiseau Lyre, which were released first on LP and later on CD. The last five of the 15-volume series were never released, although at least Nos. 76 and 77 were recorded and had a limited release on CD through *BBC Music Magazine*.

Between 1980 and 1986, the violinist Derek Solomons recorded on period instruments 49 symphonies with L'Estro Armonico for CBS Masterworks. These include Nos. 1-5, 10-11, 15-20, 26-27, 32-33, 35, 37-39, 41-52, 54-60, 63-69, 107-108.

Between 1989 and 1990, Trevor Pinnock recorded on period instruments the *Sturm und Drang* symphonies (19 symphonies) with The English Concert for Deutsche Grammophon's Archiv Produktion. These include Nos. 26, 35, 38-39, 41-52, 58-59, 65. In 1987, Pinnock had already recorded Nos. 6-8.

Also, in 1990, another attempt at a complete Haydn cycle on period instruments began with the Hanover Band led from the keyboard by Roy Goodman for Hyperion Records. Unfortunately, after releasing 57 symphonies on 17 CDs, this project ran out of funds in 1994.

There are two active attempts to record the complete cycle on period instruments. As of early 2015, Thomas Fey has passed the halfway point of recording all the symphonies – 57 plus the Sinfonia Concertante in 22 volumes so far – with the Heidelberger Sinfoniker (one volume with the Schlierbacher Kammerorchester) for Hänssler. The first volumes were released in 2000. In 2014, Giovanni Antonini commenced a cycle for Alpha Records with Il Giardino Armonico (Vols. 1–4) and Kammerorchester Basel (Vols. 5 & 6, to date), aiming to perform and record all of Haydn's symphonies by 2032 (the 300th anniversary of the composer's birth).

Conductor Michael Fendre has developed a website which contains for all symphonies, whenever available, links to the recordings by Antal Doráti, Ádám Fischer and Christopher Hogwood. The site also contains facts, analyses and a score of each symphony.

## Further reading


abstract: Elections to the French National Assembly were held Guinea on 2 January 1956, as part of the wider French elections. The Democratic Party of Guinea – African Democratic Rally won two of the three seats with the African Bloc of Guinea winning the other seat.

text:
# 1956 French legislative election in Guinea

Elections to the French National Assembly were held Guinea on 2 January 1956, as part of the wider French elections. The Democratic Party of Guinea – African Democratic Rally won two of the three seats (taken by Ahmed Sékou Touré and Saifoulaye Diallo) with the African Bloc of Guinea winning the other seat (Barry Diawadou).

## Results

| Party | | Votes | % | Seats |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Democratic Party of Guinea | 346,716 | 61.70 | 2 |
|  | African Bloc of Guinea | 146,543 | 26.08 | 1 |
|  | DSGSFIO | 55,385 | 9.86 | 0 |
|  | Forest Independent List of Social and Economic Action | 13,303 | 2.37 | 0 |
| Total | | 561,947 | 100.00 | 3 |
|  | | | | |
| Valid votes | | 561,947 | 98.93 |  |
| Invalid/blank votes | | 6,075 | 1.07 |  |
| Total votes | | 568,022 | 100.00 |  |
| Registered voters/turnout | | 975,119 | 58.25 |  |
| Source: Sternberger *et al.*, De Benoist | | | | |


title: Milluni Peak

abstract: Milluni Peak, also known as or Pico Milluni, is a mountain in the Andes, about 5,483 m (17,989 ft) high, located in the Cordillera Real of Bolivia in the La Paz Department, Pedro Domingo Murillo Province, El Alto Municipality. It is situated south of Wayna Potosí and northeast of El Alto and La Paz.

text:
# Milluni Peak

**Milluni Peak**, also known as or **Pico Milluni** (composed of Spanish *pico* peak and Aymara *milluni*, *millu* light brown, reddish, fair-haired, dark chestnut, *-ni* suffix to indicate ownership, "the brown one"), is a mountain in the Andes, about 5,483 m (17,989 ft) high, located in the Cordillera Real of Bolivia in the La Paz Department, Pedro Domingo Murillo Province, El Alto Municipality. It is situated south of Wayna Potosí and northeast of El Alto and La Paz.

## InfoBox

| Milluni Peak | |
| --- | --- |
| Wayna Potosí (in the center) and Milluni Peak (on the right) as seen from the south | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 5,483 m (17,989 ft) |
| Geography | |
| Location | Bolivia<br>La Paz Department |
| Parent range | Andes, Cordillera Real |


abstract: National Savings Certificate in Bangladesh encompasses different types of savings schemes operated by National Savings Department, Bangladesh. It is supervised by Internal Resources Division of Ministry of Finance of Government of Bangladesh. Every year the profit margins of these schemes are declared after cutting the 5% source tax. These certificates are sold and encased in the post offices in Bangladesh.

text:
# National Savings Certificates (Bangladesh)

**National Savings Certificate** in Bangladesh encompasses different types of savings schemes operated by National Savings Department, Bangladesh. It is supervised by Internal Resources Division of Ministry of Finance of Government of Bangladesh. Every year the profit margins of these schemes are declared after cutting the 5% source tax. These certificates are sold and encased in the post offices in Bangladesh.

## Schemes under National Saving Certificates

Key schemed under National Saving Certificates are as follows,

1. **Family Saving Certificates** \- This is a 5-year saving scheme also known as **Paribar Sanchaypatra**. Designed specifically for the women, any adult woman (age more than 18 years) can invest in Paribar Sachaypatra with minimum purchase of Tk 10000/- with maximum limit of Tk 45,00,000/-. This five year scheme typically provides a return of around 12.2% if enchashed after maturity.
2. **Pensioner Saving Certificates**\- This scheme is also known as **Pensioner Sanchaypatra**. All the retired government and semi-government employees having minimum employment period of 20 years can invest in this scheme. Typical returns are around 12.2% for withdrawal after 5 years and varying degree of returns for premature withdrawal based on the number of years of investment in the scheme.
3. **Quarterly Profit based Savings** \- This scheme is also known as **Tin Mash ontor munafa vittik sanchaypatra** that requires minimum investment of Tk 1,00,000/- and has a maturity period of 3 years. The maximum investment is limited to Tk 30,00,000/- for a single owner and Tk 60,00,000/- for a joint owner. Typical returns are around 11.8% for the complete tenure of 3 years and varying degree of returns for premature withdrawal depending upon the years of investment.
4. **Bangladesh Saving Certificates**\- This five year saving scheme provides return of around 12.2% at maturity with varying degree of returns for premature withdrawal depending on the duration of investment. Maximum allowable investment in this scheme is capped to Tk 30,00,000/- for individual investors and Tk 60,00,000/- for joint investors.
5. **Wage Earner's Saving Certificates**\- This 5 year scheme provides returns of around 11.8% at the end of the maturation period. All the expatriate Bangladeshis and their beneficiaries can invest in this scheme.

## Criticism

It has been pointed out that NSCs (National Saving Certificates) give returns significantly higher than the banks considering inflation. This discourages the people from investing in high risk instruments like stocks. There is a general concern that high return rate in NSCs along with rise in number of investors will cause a significant liability to the government. The Centre for Policy Dialogue (CPD) has asked interest rate to be decreased on saving certificates and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) have asked the government to eventually phase them out.

With increase in pension of the government employees, National Savings Department proposed to increase the maximum limit for investments in the pensioner saving certificates. This move has been criticized as unjust for the employees retired from the private organizations.


title: Susanna Clark

abstract: Susanna Talley Clark was an American artist and country/folk songwriter. She was married to Texas singer-songwriter Guy Clark and had a close personal friendship with fellow singer-songwriter Townes Van Zandt.

text:
# Susanna Clark

**Susanna Talley Clark** (March 11, 1939 – June 27, 2012) was an American artist and country/folk songwriter. She was married to Texas singer-songwriter Guy Clark and had a close personal friendship with fellow singer-songwriter Townes Van Zandt.

## Career

Susanna Clark was an accomplished painter. Her paintings graced several musical album covers including her husband's debut album Old No. 1, Emmylou Harris's album Quarter Moon in a Ten Cent Town, Willie Nelson's Stardust, and Nanci Griffith's The Dustbowl Symphony. Susanna Clark wrote the No. 1 hit song "I'll Be Your San Antone Rose," recorded first by RCA recording artist Dottsy in 1975. She co-wrote "Come From the Heart" with Richard Leigh. Don Williams recorded it first and Kathy Mattea took the song to No. 1 in 1989. Lyrics from "Come From the Heart" have been wrongly attributed to Mark Twain. Susanna Clark also co-wrote "Easy From Now On" with Carlene Carter. The song was recorded by Carter, Emmylou Harris, Miranda Lambert and others. She co-wrote "Heavenly Houseboat Blues" with Townes Van Zandt. Jerry Jeff Walker recorded several Susanna Clark songs including "We Were Kinda Crazy Then."

## Personal life

Susanna Talley was born in Atlanta, Texas to John and Virginia Talley. She had eight siblings. Susanna was raised in Oklahoma City as a member of the socialite Kirkpatrick family. She married John Wallis in Oklahoma City in 1961. They divorced in 1966. In 1970, after the suicide of her sister Johna (Bunny) Talley, Susanna fell in love with Bunny's boyfriend, songwriter Guy Clark. Susanna moved to Houston with Guy on July 4, 1970. They soon moved to Los Angeles for one year and in the fall of 1971, Susanna and Guy moved to Nashville, Tennessee when Guy got a song publishing deal with Sunbury Dunbar. In 1972 Susanna and Guy married with Townes Van Zandt as their best man. Guy and Susanna separated in 1989, but reunited in 1995, and stayed together until her death from cancer on June 27, 2012.

## Filmography

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Susanna Talley Clark | |
| --- | --- |
| Susanna with her husband Guy and their close friend Townes | |
| Background information | |
| Born | (1939-03-11)March 11, 1939
Atlanta, Texas, U.S. |
| Died | June 27, 2012(2012-06-27) (aged 73)
Nashville, Tennessee, U.S. |
| Genres | Country, Texas country, outlaw country, folk Americana |
| Occupation(s) | songwriter, painter |
| Years active | 1970s–2012 |
| Formerly of | Guy Clark, Townes Van Zandt, Jerry Jeff Walker, Steve Earle, Emmylou Harris, Rodney Crowell, Richard Leigh, Jo Harvey Allen |


title: TrueSpace

abstract: TrueSpace was a commercial 3D computer graphics and animation software developed by Caligari Corporation, bought-out by Microsoft. As of May 2009, it was officially discontinued, but with some 'unofficial support' up to February 2010.

text:
# TrueSpace

**TrueSpace** (styled as **trueSpace**) was a commercial 3D computer graphics and animation software developed by Caligari Corporation, bought-out by Microsoft. As of May 2009, it was officially discontinued, but with some 'unofficial support' up to February 2010.

## History

The company was founded in 1985 by Roman Ormandy. A prototype 3D video animation package for the Amiga Computer led to the incorporation of Octree Software in 1986. From 1988 to 1992, Octree released several software packages including Caligari1, Caligari2, Caligari Broadcast, and Caligari 24. Caligari wanted to provide inexpensive yet professional, industrial video and corporate presentation software. In 1993 Octree Software moved from New York to California and became known as Caligari Corporation.

In 1994 trueSpace 1.0 was introduced on the Windows platform. In 1998 an employee inadvertently left a copy of the trueSpace 4.0 sourcecode on the company website's public FTP server. The source code was released to the internet by the piracy release group REVOLT. In early 2008, the company was acquired by Microsoft and trueSpace 7.6 was released for free.

## End of Life

As of May 19, 2009, Ormandy announced that TrueSpace had been discontinued:

> Dear Caligari customer,
>
> You may have heard that Microsoft Corporation, reacting to difficult business conditions, has been evaluating many of the products it produces and making the difficult decision to reduce investment in certain areas.
>
> It is with regret that I have to tell you that trueSpace is one of the products affected. As a consequence, you will see reduction or elimination of services offered for trueSpace. For example, there will be no phone or email support offered for trueSpace by Microsoft, and our web site may also be affected. **While the dates are not absolutely fixed, some services and contacts may come to an end as early as Friday May 22, 2009**, while others will continue as long as possible with no firm cutoff date available yet.
>
> Roman Ormandy

Elsewhere he thanks everyone, urges people to download all the free software as soon as possible. It may currently (as of 2023) be downloaded from a fan site along with various plugins.

After 2010, many of the developers helped develop Microsoft's 3D Builder application available for free in the Windows Store. There are many similarities between 3D Builder and the original TrueSpace product.

## Overview

TrueSpace was a modeling/animation/rendering package. It featured a plug-in architecture that allowed the user to create tools to enhance the core package. TrueSpace was at the last release version 7 (also known to its users as tS7). Point upgrades had brought it up to version Rosetta Beta 7.61 and had added new modeling features. It also had an interface that beginners found easy to learn.

Caligari had enhanced the modeling, surfacing and rendering capabilities of TrueSpace, and the latest version TrueSpace7 allowed all aspects of real-time design, modeling and animation within a virtual 3D space shared by remote participants over the broadband internet. The TrueSpace7 collaboration server enables multiple participants to connect to a shared 3D space to create and manipulate shared content in real-time.

## Features

One of the most distinctive features of trueSpace is its interface, using mainly 3D widgets for most common editing operations. trueSpace can also be scripted, using Python for creating custom scripts, tools and plugins. trueSpace7 introduces the use of VBScript and JScript as scripting tools for developing plugins and interactive scenes. trueSpace is also known for its icon-heavy interface which was drastically overhauled for version 7 onwards. While staff at Caligari had originally made them 'inhouse' during the creation process of earlier releases, trueSpace 7 had a new set of icons made by Paul Woodward, a freelance designer and illustrator.

Capabilities of the software include creating visualizations and animations with realistic lighting (through the use of radiosity, HDRI and global illumination) and organic modelling using NURBS, subdivision surfaces and metaballs.

The software has several native formats: RsScn for scenes, RsObj for objects, RSMat for materials, rsl for layouts, RsLgts for lighting, etc. Older formats native to trueSpace6.6 and earlier are also supported, e.g. one for standalone objects (with the file extension .cob), and another for the scenes (with the file extension .scn). Objects in trueSpace can be embedded in Active Worlds. In addition to its native formats, trueSpace can also import and export several additional model types.

## Modeling

## Rendering and surfacing

Currently TrueSpace has two native internal rendering engines and also support for DX9 pixel shader output quality images alongside the traditional style Render engines. These engines are:

TrueSpace7 also includes support for the VRay rendering engine.

### Rendering

### Surfacing

* DX9 (SL2.0) pixel shaders and HLSL editing
* Procedural shaders editable in Link Editor
* Normal mapping
* Shader trees
* Modeless UV Editor
* Advanced UV Editor with real time UV mapping controls
* Unwrapper with Slice
* Breaking and welding of vertices in a UV map

## InfoBox

TrueSpace
| Developer(s) | Caligari Corporation |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Stable release | 7.61 / May 25, 2009 (2009-05-25) |
|  | |
| Operating system | Microsoft Windows |
| Type | 3D computer graphics |
| License | Proprietary (Freeware) |
| Website | caligari.com at the Wayback Machine (archived January 15, 2012) |


title: Wu Ya-chieh

abstract: Wu Ya-Chieh is a retired Taiwanese female volleyball player. She was part of the Chinese Taipei women's national volleyball team. She participated in the 2007 FIVB Volleyball World Grand Prix.

text:
# Wu Ya-chieh

**Wu Ya-Chieh** (born 3 October 1982) is a retired Taiwanese female volleyball player. She was part of the Chinese Taipei women's national volleyball team.

She participated in the 2007 FIVB Volleyball World Grand Prix.

1. "Team Roster – Chinese Taipei". *FIVB.org*. Archived from the original on 2008-07-23.

## InfoBox

| Wu Ya Chieh | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Nationality | Chinese Taipei |
| Born | (1982-10-03) 3 October 1982 |
| Height | 170 cm (67 in) |
| Weight | 67 kg (148 lb) |
| Spike | 281 cm (111 in) |
| Block | 272 cm (107 in) |
| Volleyball information | |
| Number | 5 (national team) |
| National team | |
| 2007  Chinese Taipei | |


title: Władysław Tarnowski

abstract: Count Władysław Tarnowski, also known by the pen name Ernest Buława, was a Polish pianist, composer, poet, dramatist, and translator. Tarnowski was born in Wróblewice, administrative district of Drohobycz, in modern day Ukraine, the son of Count Walerian Spycimir Tarnowski and Ernestyna Tarnowska. Recognized as talented at an early age, he was introduced to famed composer Frédéric Chopin. He studied in Lviv and Kraków, with Daniel Auber at the Conservatoire de Paris, with a break during the time of the January Uprising of 1863-64, during which he wrote the song "Jak to na wojence ładnie" which remains popular to the modern day, in various alterations. He traveled widely, giving concerts in Wrocław in 1860 and 1875, Vienna, Venice and Florence in 1872, Paris in 1873, and Lviv in 1875. He undertook tours in the Middle East and Asia, living in India, China, and Japan, and died near San Francisco while on the steamer SS Pacific, returning from Japan.

text:
# Władysław Tarnowski

**Count** **Władysław Tarnowski** (June 4, 1836 – April 19, 1878), also known by the pen name **Ernest Buława**, was a Polish pianist, composer, poet, dramatist, and translator.

Tarnowski was born in Wróblewice, administrative district of Drohobycz, in modern day Ukraine, the son of Count Walerian Spycimir Tarnowski and Ernestyna Tarnowska. Recognized as talented at an early age, he was introduced to famed composer Frédéric Chopin. He studied in Lviv and Kraków, with Daniel Auber at the Conservatoire de Paris, with a break during the time of the January Uprising of 1863-64, during which he wrote the song "Jak to na wojence ładnie" ("Isn't the war fun") which remains popular to the modern day, in various alterations. He traveled widely, giving concerts in Wrocław in 1860 and 1875, Vienna, Venice and Florence in 1872, Paris in 1873, and Lviv in 1875. He undertook tours in the Middle East and Asia, living in India, China, and Japan, and died near San Francisco while on the steamer *SS Pacific*, returning from Japan.

## Compositions

### Intimate

* String Quartet in D major
* *Fantasia quasi una sonata* (on violins and piano)
* *Souvenir d'un ange* (Vienna about 1876, publ. V. Kratochwill)

### Piano

* *3 Mazurkas* (3 Mazurkas, Vienna about 1870, publ. Bösendorfer), *I Mazurka*, *II Mazurka*, *III Mazurka*
* *2 pieces : Chart sans paroles, Valse - poeme* (both Leipzig c. 1870, publ. Ch. F Kahut)
* *Deux Morceaux : Fantazie-Impromptu, Valse-poeme*
* *Impromptu "L'adieu de l'artiste"* (Vienna c. 1870, publ. J. Gutmann)
* *Symfonia d’un drammo d’amore* (1871)
* *Sonate pour piano composée et dediée a son ami Br. Zawadzki* (Vienna c. 1875, publ. V. Kratochwill)
* *Grande polonaise quasi rhapsodies symphonique* (Vienna c. 1875, publ. J. Gutmann)
* *Extases au Bosphor, fantasie rhapsodies sur les melodies orientales op. 10* (Leipzig c. 1875, publ. Forberg)
* Nocturne dédié à sa soeur Marie (Viena, n.d.)
* *Deux Nocturnes* : *„Nuit sombre”*, *„Nuit claire”*
* *Ave Maria*, dedicated to J. I. Kraszewski (in: *Album Muzeum Narodowego w Rapperswyllu*, 1876, pp.), (with Variations for choir and organ, and for string quartet)
* *Pensée funebre* (before 1878)
* *Andantino pensieroso* ("Echo Muzyczne", Warszaw, issue 6, 17 XII 1878.)

### Songs

Solo:

* Uhlans march, called also Soldiers song, March soldier's Langiewicza with initial words: "A kto chce rozkoszy użyć”*And who wants pleasure to use*, and today more well-known with words "Jak to na wojence ładnie” ("How this on war nicely") (first publications: „Kieszonkowy słowniczek polski z melodiami” Poznan 1889, publ. J. Leitgebera and " War song” Lwow 1908, publ. B. Połoniecki, suitably).

With piano accompaniment:

* *Cypryssen 5 characterische Gesänge* (Vienna 1870, publ. Bösendorfera), fifth of the songs: *Herangedämmert kam der Abend*, *Die Perle*, *Die Schwalben*, *Im Traum sah ich das Lieben*, *Ich sank verweint in sanften Schlummer*

* *Zwei Gesänge mit Begleitung des Pianoforte – Du buch mit Siegen Siegeln, Ob Du Nun ruhst*, songs to poem Ludwig Foglar (Vienna c. 1870, publ. V. Kratochwill)

* *Zwei Gesänge: Klänge Und Schmerzen, Nächtliche Regung* (Leipzig, c. 1870, publ. Ch. E. Kahnt)
* *Au soleil couchant* (1873) song to the poem by Victor Hugo
* *Still klingt das Glöcklein durch Felder* (Vienna c. ~1875, publ. J. Gutmann)

* *Kennst du die Rosen.*, to own poem, (published J. Gutmann in Vienna.)

* *Mein Kahn* \- song to poem by Johann von Paümann ps. Hans Max (Wiedeń, wyd. Buchholz & Diedel)
* *Alpuhara* (1877) song to the poem by Adam Mickiewicz

### Stage

* *Achmed the oder the Pilger the Liebe* (Achmed, pielgrzym milości, to own libretto, based on the tale Washington Irving *Legend of Prince Ahmed al Kamel, or, The Pilgrim of Love*. from *Tales of the Alhambra*. The piano extract, Leipzig, c. 1875, publ. R. Forberg.)
* *Karlinscy* (music to own theatrical art, Vienna 1874, publ. V. Kratochwill)
* *Joanna Grey* (music to own theatrical art, Vienna 1875, publ. V. Kratochwill)

The patron of the art, poems, the articles, reviews of literary works(ex. in „Ruch literacki” and „Tygodnik ilustrowany”).

## Literary works

### Poetry

* *Krople czary* (*The Drops of goblet)* 1865
* *Szkice helweckie i Talia* (*Helvetian drafts and Waist*) 1868 (Leipzig, publ. P. Rhode)
* *Piołuny* (*Absinthes*) 1869
* *Kochankowie ojczyzny* (*The Lovers of motherland*) 1872

### Dramas

* *Karlińscy* 1874
* *Joanna Grey* (*Jane Grey*) 1875
* *The Achmed the oder the Pilger the Liebe* \- libretto in German.

### Publicist

* Articles and reviews in „Ruch literacki” and „Tygodnik ilustrowany”.

### Documentary

* Archiwum Wróblewieckie (Lvov 1883, publ. Gubrynowicz and Schmidt; Poznan - Dresden 1869, publ. J. I. Kraszewski)

### Translations

* The Osjan Song,
* Hamlet W. Shakespeare'a
* Works P.B. Shelley
* Works H. Haine
* P. Cornelius: Grundzüge der Geschichte der Musik, well-known with translated title: Zarys historii muzyki ("Outline of history of music") (Leipzig 1869).

## Further reading

* *Encyklopedia muzyczna*, publ. PWM 2009
* *Encyklopedia muzyki*, publ. PWN 2001
* *Encyklopedia literatury*, publ. PWN 2007
* Franz Stieger *peralexikon*, Part II – Komponisten, Vol. 3 (N-Z), Verlegt Bei Hans Schneider, Tutzing, 1978, p. 1097.
* Franz Stieger *Operalexikon*, Part III – Libréttisten, Vol. 3 (Q-Z), Verlegt Bei Hans Schneider, Tutzing, 1981, p. 936.
* *Pieśni niemieckie Władysława Tarnowskiego*, M.T., OSDW AZYMUT Sp. z o. o., Warsaw-Lodz, 2017.
* Ewa Róża Janion *Legends of Suli in Poland: some remarks on Władysław Tarnowski*, pp. 46-49 in PhD thesis: Ewa Róża Janion *Imaging Suli : Interactions between Philhellenic Ideas and Greek Identity Discourse*, Peter Lang Publishing, Frankfurt, 2015.
* „Utwory instrumentalne Władysława Tarnowskiego”, M.T., OSDW AZYMUT Sp. z o.o., Warsaw-Lodz, 2018.
* Władysław Tarnowski „Artysta i cierpienie”, Vol. I, M.T., OSDW AZYMUT Sp. z o.o., Warsaw-Lodz, 2020.


title: Woodworthia

abstract:
Woodworthia is a genus of geckos in the family Diplodactylidae endemic to New Zealand. It includes four formally described species, though as many as 17 genetically distinct species may exist. All species are native to New Zealand.
  - Woodworthia brunnea – Canterbury gecko
  - Woodworthia chrysosiretica – gold-striped gecko, gold-stripe gecko, or golden sticky-toed gecko
  - Woodworthia korowai Winkel et al., 2023 – korowai gecko
  - Woodworthia maculata – New Zealand common gecko or Raukawa gecko

text:
# Woodworthia

***Woodworthia*** is a genus of geckos in the family Diplodactylidae endemic to New Zealand. It includes four formally described species, though as many as 17 genetically distinct species may exist. All species are native to New Zealand.

## InfoBox

| *Woodworthia* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *W. maculata* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Family: | Diplodactylidae |
| Genus: | *Woodworthia*<br>Garman, 1901 |
|


title: Wuxu, Nanning

abstract:
Wuxu is a town in Jiangnan District, Nanning, Guangxi. As of 2020, it administers the following three residential communities and ten villages:
  - Wuxu Community
  - Mingyang Community (明阳社区)
  - Minghong Community (明弘社区)
  - Pingdong Village (平垌村)
  - Pingdan Village (平丹村)
  - Nade Village (那德村)
  - Dingning Village (定宁村)
  - Kangning Village (康宁村)
  - Xiangning Village (祥宁村)
  - Yonghong Village (永红村)
  - Tanbai Village (坛白村)
  - Nabei Village (那备村)
  - Xinqiao Village (新桥村)

text:
# Wuxu, Nanning

**Wuxu** (simplified Chinese: 吴圩; traditional Chinese: 吳圩; pinyin: *Wúxū*) is a town in Jiangnan District, Nanning, Guangxi. As of 2020, it administers the following three residential communities and ten villages:

* Wuxu Community
* Mingyang Community (明阳社区)
* Minghong Community (明弘社区)
* Pingdong Village (平垌村)
* Pingdan Village (平丹村)
* Nade Village (那德村)
* Dingning Village (定宁村)
* Kangning Village (康宁村)
* Xiangning Village (祥宁村)
* Yonghong Village (永红村)
* Tanbai Village (坛白村)
* Nabei Village (那备村)
* Xinqiao Village (新桥村)

## InfoBox

| Wuxu 吴圩镇 | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
| A parking lot for the Nanning Wuxu International Airport | |
| WuxuLocation in Guangxi | |
| Coordinates: 22°38′57″N 108°13′13″E / 22.64917°N 108.22028°E / 22.64917; 108.22028 | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Autonomous region | Guangxi |
| Prefecture-level city | Nanning |
| District | Jiangnan District |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |


title: WrestleMania Backlash (2022)

abstract: The 2022 WrestleMania Backlash was the 17th Backlash professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) and livestreaming event produced by WWE. It was held for wrestlers from the promotion's Raw and SmackDown brand divisions. The event took place on May 8, 2022, at the Dunkin' Donuts Center in Providence, Rhode Island, and was the third Backlash held at this venue after the 1999 and 2009 events. It was also the second and final Backlash held under this name after the previous year's event, and the following year, the event reverted to its original name. The concept of the 2022 event was based on the Backlash from WrestleMania 38. Six matches were contested at the event. In the main event, The Bloodline defeated Drew McIntyre and RK-Bro in a six-man tag team match. In other prominent matches, Ronda Rousey defeated Charlotte Flair in an "I Quit" match to win the SmackDown Women's Championship, Edge defeated AJ Styles by technical submission, and in the opening bout, Cody Rhodes defeated Seth "Freakin" Rollins. This was the first pay-per-view to not feature a WWE Championship or Universal Championship match on the card since Elimination Chamber in March 2020.

text:
# WrestleMania Backlash (2022)

The 2022 **WrestleMania Backlash** was the 17th Backlash professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) and livestreaming event produced by WWE. It was held for wrestlers from the promotion's Raw and SmackDown brand divisions. The event took place on May 8, 2022, at the Dunkin' Donuts Center in Providence, Rhode Island, and was the third Backlash held at this venue after the 1999 and 2009 events. It was also the second and final Backlash held under this name after the previous year's event, and the following year, the event reverted to its original name. The concept of the 2022 event was based on the Backlash from WrestleMania 38.

Six matches were contested at the event. In the main event, The Bloodline (Roman Reigns, Jey Uso, and Jimmy Uso) defeated Drew McIntyre and RK-Bro (Randy Orton and Riddle) in a six-man tag team match. In other prominent matches, Ronda Rousey defeated Charlotte Flair in an "I Quit" match to win the SmackDown Women's Championship, Edge defeated AJ Styles by technical submission, and in the opening bout, Cody Rhodes defeated Seth "Freakin" Rollins. This was the first pay-per-view to not feature a WWE Championship or Universal Championship match on the card since Elimination Chamber in March 2020.

## Production

### Background

Backlash is a recurring professional wrestling event that was established by WWE in 1999. It was held annually from 1999 to 2009, but was then discontinued until it was reinstated in 2016 and has been held every year since, except in 2019. The original concept of the event was based around the backlash from WWE's flagship event, WrestleMania. The events between 2016 and 2020 did not carry this theme; however, the 2021 event returned to this original concept and the event was in turn rebranded as "WrestleMania Backlash".

On October 25, 2021, WWE revealed their 2022 major event calendar for the Raw and SmackDown brands, with an event slotted for May 8, 2022, at the Dunkin' Donuts Center in Providence, Rhode Island. On February 11, 2022, that event was revealed to be the 17th Backlash, which was also held under the name "WrestleMania Backlash", and featured the backlash from WrestleMania 38. This was also the third Backlash held at this venue after the 1999 and 2009 events. It aired on pay-per-view (PPV) worldwide and was available to livestream on Peacock in the United States and the WWE Network in international markets. Tickets went on sale February 18 through Ticketmaster.

### Storylines

The event included six matches that resulted from scripted storylines. Results were predetermined by WWE's writers on the Raw and SmackDown brands, while storylines were produced on WWE's weekly television shows, *Monday Night Raw* and *Friday Night SmackDown*.

At WrestleMania 38, SmackDown's Universal Champion Roman Reigns defeated Raw's WWE Champion Brock Lesnar in a Winner Takes All match to claim both titles, thus becoming recognized as the Undisputed WWE Universal Champion. On the following episode of *SmackDown*, Reigns stated that he had nothing left to prove; however, he wanted his cousins, the SmackDown Tag Team Champions The Usos (Jey Uso and Jimmy Uso), to replicate his feat by winning the Raw Tag Team Championship to bring more gold to The Bloodline. The Usos appeared on *Raw* the following week to issue a challenge to the Raw Tag Team Champions, RK-Bro (Randy Orton and Riddle), who accepted and the match was made official as a Winners Take All Championship Unification match at WrestleMania Backlash. However, on the April 29 episode, the contract signing for the match ended with Reigns assisting The Usos in attacking RK-Bro and tearing up the contract in the process. Drew McIntyre then came out and joined forces with RK-Bro in driving off The Bloodline from the ring. Because of what had transpired, Reigns' special counsel, Paul Heyman, then met with WWE official Adam Pearce backstage where Heyman announced that the resulting tag team championship unification match was called off and instead, a six-man tag team match pitting The Bloodline against RK-Bro and McIntyre was scheduled for WrestleMania Backlash.

At WrestleMania 38, Charlotte Flair defeated Ronda Rousey to retain the SmackDown Women's Championship. During the match, Flair had tapped out to Rousey's armbar; however, the referee was incapacitated and Flair was able to get a cheap win after the referee came to his senses. On the following episode of *SmackDown*, Rousey, who wanted a rematch with a clear winner, challenged Flair to an "I Quit" match. Flair refused and told Rousey to fall back in line. During *Talking Smack* the next day, however, the championship rematch was subsequently granted and scheduled for WrestleMania Backlash.

At WrestleMania 38, former All Elite Wrestling wrestler and Executive Vice President Cody Rhodes made his return to WWE after six years as Seth "Freakin" Rollins' surprise opponent, where Rhodes was victorious. On the April 11 episode of *Raw*, Rollins claimed that he was at an unfair disadvantage since he did not know who he was facing beforehand. Rollins further claimed that on an even playing field, he would defeat Rhodes and challenged him to a rematch, which Rhodes accepted and thus was scheduled for WrestleMania Backlash.

At WrestleMania 38, Edge defeated AJ Styles thanks to a distraction from Damian Priest. Edge and Priest then formed an alliance where Edge claimed to wipe out anyone who did not fit in their "Mountain of Omnipotence". On the April 18 episode of *Raw*, Edge stated that he needed to finish what he started with Styles and then challenged Styles to a rematch at WrestleMania Backlash, with Styles later accepting. On the May 2 episode of *Raw*, Styles defeated Priest, thus banning Priest from ringside during the match.

During Happy Corbin's match at WrestleMania 38, he was accidentally distracted by his tag partner, Madcap Moss, which resulted in a loss for Corbin. Following this, dissension arose between Corbin and Moss, with Corbin blaming Moss for his loss at WrestleMania. Tension continued to grow between the two and a match between the two was eventually scheduled for WrestleMania Backlash.

At WrestleMania 38, Bobby Lashley defeated Omos; oddly, Lashley's manager MVP did not accompany him for the match. MVP returned the next night on *Raw* and turned on Lashley. Over the next few weeks, MVP lambasted Lashley for celebrating his WrestleMania moment without him and thus, MVP aligned himself with Omos. Lashley and Omos then competed in an arm wrestling match on the April 25 episode, which ended in Lashley's favor. Omos then attacked Lashley after the contest and later challenged him to a WrestleMania rematch at WrestleMania Backlash, and Lashley accepted.

## Event

**Other on-screen personnel**
| Role: | Name: |
| --- | --- |
| English commentators | Michael Cole (SmackDown/Main event) |
| | Pat McAfee (SmackDown/Main event) |
| | Jimmy Smith (Raw) |
| | Corey Graves (Raw/Main event) |
| | Byron Saxton (Raw) |
| Spanish commentators | Marcelo Rodriguez |
| | Jerry Soto |
| Ring announcers | Mike Rome (Raw) |
| | Samantha Irvin (SmackDown) |
| Referees | Danilo Anfibio |
| | Jason Ayers |
| | Jessika Carr |
| | Dan Engler |
| | Eddie Orengo |
| | Chad Patton |
| Interviewer | Sarah Schreiber |
| Pre-show panel | Kayla Braxton |
| | Kevin Patrick |
| | John "Bradshaw" Layfield |
| | Peter Rosenberg |
| | Booker T |

### Preliminary matches

The pay-per-view opened with Cody Rhodes facing Seth "Freakin" Rollins. During the match, Rollins attempted a Suicide Dive, but Rhodes avoided it and performed a Cody Cutter on Rollins for a nearfall. Rollins attempted a Phoenix Splash, but Rhodes avoided it. Rollins landed on his feet and Rhodes performed a Superkick on Rollins. Rhodes went up to the top rope and was cut off by Rollins, who superplexed him. Rollins rolled through to go for a Falcon Arrow, but Rhodes countered into a Cross Rhodes. Rhodes pinned Rollins, but Rollins' foot ended up on the bottom rope, thus breaking the pin. Rhodes attempted a Vertebreaker; however, Rollins reversed into a roll-up while attempting to hold Rhodes' tights, but Rhodes reversed into his own roll-up while holding Rollins' tights to win the match.

Next, Bobby Lashley faced Omos (accompanied by MVP). Throughout the match, Lashley managed to apply the Hurt Lock on Omos momentarily, but Omos was able break out of the maneuver. Lashley attempted a vertical suplex on Omos, who ran the ropes and performed a Spinebuster on Lashley. In the climax, Lashley attempted a Spear, but Omos caught him with his knees and sent Lashley to the ring post. While the referee was distracted, MVP struck Lashley in the face with his cane, allowing Omos to perform the Choke Bomb on Lashley to win the match.

The third match was between AJ Styles and Edge, with Damian Priest barred from ringside. At the start of the match, Styles went after Edge aggressively with punches. Styles dropkicked Edge to the floor, and performed an Asai Moonsault on Edge. Back in the ring, as Styles attempted a Phenomenal Forearm, Edge cut him off with a boot to Styles' injured shoulder. A short time later after Edge targeted Styles' injured shoulder, Styles performed a Pele Kick on Edge. Styles ran the ropes, leading to both men hitting a cross body block to each other at the same time. Styles charged at Edge, who performed a Spear for a nearfall. As Styles went up the rope, Damian Priest walked out and stood in the aisle. Priest claimed he was technically only at the aisle and not the ringside. Finn Bálor then ran out and brawled with Priest, taking him out of the arena. In the closing moments, a masked person shoved Styles off the top rope. Edge applied a Crossface on Styles, who passed out, thus winning the match. Post-match, the masked person joined Edge in the ring. The latter dropped to one knee in front of him, with Edge motioning for the person to stand up. The masked person revealed herself to be Rhea Ripley, thus being added to Edge's stable, The Judgment Day. Edge and Ripley held up their arms and celebrated the victory.

After that, Charlotte Flair defended the SmackDown Women's Championship against Ronda Rousey in an "I Quit" match. Early in the match, Flair performed a German Suplex on Rousey. At ringside, Flair pulled a kendo stick underneath the ring. Rousey took the weapon from her and chased Flair, who ran up to the stage and went to the back. Flair returned with two kendo sticks and hit Rousey with the sticks. Flair grabbed a camera and threw it towards Rousey, who then hopped the barricade and fought with Flair in the crowd. Back in the ring, Flair performed the Natural Selection on Rousey onto the chair. Flair applied the Figure Eight Leglock, but Rousey used the chair to break free. Rousey reached up and hooked Flair in an armbar through the chair. Flair declined to quit, causing Rousey to twist the arm of Flair and making Flair say "I Quit", thus Rousey won the SmackDown Women's Championship. It was soon after revealed that Flair had (kayfabe) broken her radial bone in her forearm and would be out of action indefinitely.

In the penultimate match, Happy Corbin faced Madcap Moss. During the match, Corbin performed a senton bomb on Moss for a nearfall. Corbin stuffed a shoulder block by hitting Moss with a knee to the head. Moss performed a fallaway slam on Corbin for a nearfall. In the end, Moss ran the ropes and performed a Sunset Flip to win the match.

### Main event

In the main event, Drew McIntyre and RK-Bro (Randy Orton and Riddle) faced The Bloodline (Roman Reigns, Jey Uso, and Jimmy Uso) (accompanied by Paul Heyman) in a six-man tag team match. During the match, Reigns and McIntyre brawled in the ring. As Reigns knocked Riddle off the apron, McIntyre performed a Claymore Kick on Reigns. Riddle performed a Floating Bro on Jey for a nearfall. Jey performed an Elevated neckbreaker on Riddle, but Orton broke up the pin. At ringside, Reigns leapt off the ring steps and performed a Superman Punch on Orton. McIntyre attempted a Powerbomb on Reigns through the announce table, but Jimmy saved Reigns and took a Glasgow Kiss from McIntyre. Reigns took advantage and performed an Uranage Slam on McIntyre. Back in the ring, Riddle performed an RKO on Jey from the top rope. Reigns had made a quick tag before Riddle performed the RKO, thus after Riddle stood up, Reigns performed a Spear on Riddle to win the match.

## Aftermath

The 2022 Backlash would be the final to carry the name "WrestleMania Backlash", as the following year's event returned the event to its original "Backlash" name.

### Raw

On the following episode of *Raw*, Cody Rhodes was given a United States Championship match against Theory. During the match, Seth "Freakin" Rollins interfered, costing Rhodes the match by disqualification. Rhodes then challenged Rollins to another match, but this time as a Hell in a Cell match at Hell in a Cell, which Rollins accepted.

Also on *Raw*, Rhea Ripley explained that she joined Judgment Day to become better. She then defeated Liv Morgan. Damian Priest then faced Finn Bálor, which ended in a disqualification win for Bálor after interference from Edge. AJ Styles then attacked Edge, but Judgment Day gained the upper hand. On the May 16 episode, Morgan was at ringside during Styles and Bálor's match, which Styles and Bálor won. The following week, Ripley and Priest defeated Styles and Morgan after interference from Edge. After the match, a brawl between the two teams broke out, with Judgment Day standing tall again. On the May 30 episode, a six-person mixed tag team match pitting Morgan, Styles, and Bálor against The Judgment Day was made official for Hell in a Cell. Also on that same episode, Morgan defeated Ripley, and after the match, Bálor and Styles took out Priest.

MVP hosted a segment of the VIP Lounge, praising Omos for his victory over Bobby Lashley. Lashley interrupted, but was attacked by Cedric Alexander, who wanted to rejoin MVP and reform The Hurt Business. Omos and MVP retreated while Lashley applied the Hurt Lock on Alexander. Later, Lashley said the only reason he did not defeat Omos at WrestleMania Backlash was due to MVP's interference and a rematch between Omos and Lashley was scheduled for the following week as a Steel Cage match, which Lashley won. The following week, Lashley challenged MVP to a match where the winner would choose the stipulation of his match against Omos at Hell in a Cell. MVP defeated Lashley via countout after interference from Omos. Omos and MVP then stated that the match would be a 2-on-1 handicap match pitting Lashley against MVP and Omos.

### SmackDown

Raw Tag Team Champions RK-Bro (Randy Orton and Riddle) appeared on the following *SmackDown* to challenge the SmackDown Tag Team Champions, The Usos (Jey Uso and Jimmy Uso), to the title unification match that was originally going to happen at WrestleMania Backlash. The Usos accepted and the match was scheduled for the following week, where The Usos won after Roman Reigns prevented Jey from being hit by Riddle's top-rope RKO (while Reigns' special counsel Paul Heyman distracted the referee), followed by Jey performing a top-rope Uso splash, to become the Undisputed WWE Tag Team Champions. Afterwards, The Usos and Reigns continued their attack, ending with Jey performing an Uso Splash on Riddle through the announce table. Reigns and the Usos then held their titles up high as *SmackDown* went off the air.

After The Usos (Jey Uso and Jimmy Uso) defeated RK-Bro (Randy Orton and Riddle) to become the Undisputed WWE Tag Team Champions, it was reported that Orton had suffered a legitimate back injury and would be out of action for the rest of 2022. On the May 27 episode of *SmackDown*, Shinsuke Nakamura, whose tag team partner, Rick Boogs, was also out of action due to an injury, joined forces with Riddle and attacked The Usos, who were able to retreat. On the next episode of *Raw*, Nakamura and Riddle defeated The Usos via disqualification when Jey used a scooter. As a result, Nakamura and Riddle earned themselves a title match. The match took place on the June 3 episode of *SmackDown*, where The Usos retained after Sami Zayn, who had repeatedly been lobbying for an alliance with The Bloodline over the last few weeks, played Roman Reigns' theme music. Following the match, Riddle brawled with The Usos and Zayn. The following week, Riddle defeated Zayn to earn a match against Reigns for the Undisputed WWE Universal Championship; had Riddle lost, he would have been banished from SmackDown. During the June 13 episode of *Raw*, Paul Heyman added a stipulation to the match, stating that if Riddle lost, he would not get another title match as long as Reigns was the champion. The match took place on that week's episode of *SmackDown*, where Reigns retained.

Madcap Moss was interviewed about his match against Happy Corbin, who then attacked him with a chair, put the chair around Moss' neck, and slammed Moss' André the Giant Memorial Trophy down on top of the chair on him. The next day on *Talking Smack*, it was reported that Moss suffered a (kayfabe) cervical contusion. On the May 27 episode of *SmackDown*, it was revealed that Moss would return the following week. There, he lost to Corbin via disqualification after using a steel chair. Later that night, a No Holds Barred match between the two was scheduled for Hell in a Cell.

Charlotte Flair made her first appearance since WrestleMania Backlash on the December 30 episode of *SmackDown*, where she challenged and defeated Ronda Rousey in an impromptu match to reclaim the SmackDown Women's Championship for a record-setting seventh time.

## Results

| No. | Results | Stipulations | Times |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Cody Rhodes defeated Seth "Freakin" Rollins by pinfall | Singles match | 20:45 |
| 2 | Omos (with MVP) defeated Bobby Lashley by pinfall | Singles match | 8:50 |
| 3 | Edge defeated AJ Styles by technical submission | Singles match
Damian Priest was barred from ringside. | 16:25 |
| 4 | Ronda Rousey defeated Charlotte Flair (c) | "I Quit" match for the WWE SmackDown Women's Championship | 16:35 |
| 5 | Madcap Moss defeated Happy Corbin by pinfall | Singles match | 8:40 |
| 6 | The Bloodline (Jey Uso, Jimmy Uso, and Roman Reigns) (with Paul Heyman) defeated Drew McIntyre and RK-Bro (Randy Orton and Riddle) by pinfall | Six-man tag team match | 22:20 |
| (c)  – the champion(s) heading into the match | | | |

## InfoBox

| WrestleMania Backlash | |
| --- | --- |
| Promotional poster featuring Edge | |
| Promotion | WWE |
| Brand(s) | Raw
SmackDown |
| Date | May 8, 2022 |
| City | Providence, Rhode Island |
| Venue | Dunkin' Donuts Center |
| Attendance | 8,050 |
| WWE Network event chronology | |
| **Previous**
WrestleMania 38 **Next**
NXT In Your House | |
| Backlash chronology | |
| **Previous**
2021 **Next**
2023 | |


title: Władysławów, Zgierz County

abstract: Władysławów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zgierz, within Zgierz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 14 kilometres (9 mi) north of Zgierz and 21 km (13 mi) north of the regional capital Łódź.

text:
# Władysławów, Zgierz County

**Władysławów** \[vwadɨˈswavuf\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zgierz, within Zgierz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 14 kilometres (9 mi) north of Zgierz and 21 km (13 mi) north of the regional capital Łódź.

## InfoBox

| Władysławów | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Władysławów | |
| Coordinates: 51°58′N 19°29′E / 51.967°N 19.483°E / 51.967; 19.483 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Łódź |
| County | Zgierz |
| Gmina | Zgierz |


title: XHNEZ-FM

abstract: XHNEZ-FM is a community radio station broadcasting to Ciudad Nezahualcóyotl, State of Mexico on 97.3 FM. It is known as En Neza Radio and owned and operated by concessionaire Voces Urbanas, Movimiento Alternativo de Información Social.

text:
# XHNEZ-FM

**XHNEZ-FM** is a community radio station broadcasting to Ciudad Nezahualcóyotl, State of Mexico on 97.3 FM. It is known as En Neza Radio and owned and operated by concessionaire Voces Urbanas, Movimiento Alternativo de Información Social (*Urban Voices, Alternative Social Information Movement*).

## History

En Neza Radio has been operating in some or other form since 1996, with the goal of improving Neza's poor image in the media.

In 2012, Voces Urbanas applied to Cofetel for a radio station permit; it was the second request the group had made, after an unfruitful 2004 application to the Secretariat of Communications and Transportation. In 2015, their application was denied by the Federal Telecommunications Institute (IFT), which had replaced Cofetel. Voces Urbanas filed an *amparo* lawsuit against the IFT, which ended with a favorable ruling for the station. The IFT awarded the station's concession in July 2017, and XHNEZ-FM held its official inauguration on April 28, 2018.

XHNEZ operates with a low power and coexists on the 97.3 frequency with another community station in the State of Mexico, XHECA-FM in Amecameca. It is the second station to operate in Ciudad Nezahualcóyotl, having been preceded by XHARO-FM 104.5, which signed on in 2010. The IFT awarded a third station for the city, XHSCCG-FM, in 2019.

## InfoBox

XHNEZ-FM
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Frequency | 97.3 FM |
| Branding | En Neza Radio |
| Programming | |
| Format | Community radio |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | Voces Urbanas, Movimiento Alternativo de Información Social, A.C. |
| History | |
| First air date | April 28, 2018 |
| Call sign meaning | **NEZ**ahualcóyotl |
| Technical information | |
| Class | D |
| ERP | 50 watts |
| HAAT | 23.5 m |
| Transmitter coordinates | 19°25′17.26″N 99°1′59.2″W / 19.4214611°N 99.033111°W / 19.4214611; -99.033111 |
| Links | |
| Website | nezaradio.org.mx |


title: Wyton on the Hill

abstract: Wyton on the Hill is a village and civil parish in Cambridgeshire, England. Wyton on the Hill lies approximately 3 miles (5 km) north-east of Huntingdon and 1 mile (2 km) north of Houghton. Wyton on the Hill is situated within Huntingdonshire which is a non-metropolitan district of Cambridgeshire as well as being a historic county of England. The parish centres on RAF Wyton and the majority of its residents are servicemen and their families.

text:
# Wyton on the Hill

**Wyton on the Hill** is a village and civil parish in Cambridgeshire, England. Wyton on the Hill lies approximately 3 miles (5 km) north-east of Huntingdon and 1 mile (2 km) north of Houghton. Wyton on the Hill is situated within Huntingdonshire which is a non-metropolitan district of Cambridgeshire as well as being a historic county of England. The parish centres on RAF Wyton and the majority of its residents are servicemen and their families.

## History

Wyton on the Hill is one of the county's newest parishes, having been created in 2010 following the sale to Annington Homes of much of the former service accommodation at RAF Wyton.

## Government

As a civil parish, Wyton on the Hill has a parish council. The parish council is elected by the residents of the parish who have registered on the electoral roll; the parish council is the lowest tier of government in England. A parish council is responsible for providing and maintaining a variety of local services including allotments and a cemetery; grass cutting and tree planting within public open spaces such as a village green or playing fields. The parish council reviews all planning applications that might affect the parish and makes recommendations to Huntingdonshire District Council, which is the local planning authority for the parish. The parish council also represents the views of the parish on issues such as local transport, policing and the environment. The parish council raises its own tax to pay for these services, known as the parish precept, which is collected as part of the Council Tax.

Wyton on the Hill was in the historic and administrative county of Huntingdonshire until 1965. From 1965, the village was part of the new administrative county of Huntingdon and Peterborough. Then in 1974, following the Local Government Act 1972, Wyton on the Hill became a part of the county of Cambridgeshire.

The second tier of local government is Huntingdonshire District Council which is a non-metropolitan district of Cambridgeshire and has its headquarters in Huntingdon. Huntingdonshire District Council has 52 councillors representing 29 district wards. Huntingdonshire District Council collects the council tax, and provides services such as building regulations, local planning, environmental health, leisure and tourism. Wyton on the Hill is a part of the district ward of *Upwood and The Raveleys* and is represented on the district council by one councillor. District councillors serve for four-year terms following elections to Huntingdonshire District Council.

For Wyton on the Hill the highest tier of local government is Cambridgeshire County Council which has administration buildings in Cambridge. The county council provides county-wide services such as major road infrastructure, fire and rescue, education, social services, libraries and heritage services. Cambridgeshire County Council consists of 69 councillors representing 60 electoral divisions. Wyton on the Hill is part of the electoral division of *Warboys and Upwood* and is represented on the county council by one councillor.

At Westminster Wyton on the Hill is in the parliamentary constituency of North West Cambridgeshire, and elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election. Wyton on the Hill is represented in the House of Commons by Shailesh Vara (Conservative). Shailesh Vara has represented the constituency since 2005. The previous member of parliament was Brian Mawhinney (Conservative) who represented the constituency between 1997 and 2005.

## Demography

### Population

The population at the UK census in 2011 was 1,383.

In 2011, the parish covered an area of 2,291 acres (927 hectares) and the population density of Wyton on the Hill in 2011 was 386.3 persons per square mile (149.2 persons per square kilometre).

## Culture and community

Wyton on the Hill has its own primary school and nursery, attended by the families of both servicemen and civilians.

Mrs Susan Brown is now Chairperson of the Wyton on the Hill Parish Council (2018).

The airfield is now being developed as storage area for vehicles. The housing development planned by Crest Nicholson is not viable. The current infrastructure is not capable of supporting this kind of venture.

Media related to Wyton-on-the-Hill at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Wyton on the Hill | |
| --- | --- |
| Entrance to RAF Wyton | |
| Wyton on the HillLocation within Cambridgeshire | |
| Population | 964 (2001) |
| OS grid reference | TL286736 |
| District |  |
| Shire county |  |
| Region |  |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | HUNTINGDON |
| Postcode district | PE28 |
| Dialling code | 01480 |
|  | |
| Police | Cambridgeshire |
| Fire | Cambridgeshire |
| Ambulance | East of England |
|  | |
| UK Parliament |  |
|


title: XHGAP-FM

abstract: XHGAP-FM is a radio station on 94.7 FM in Guadalupe, Zacatecas, Mexico. The station is owned by Grupo Plata Radio and is known as Súper G.

text:
# XHGAP-FM

**XHGAP-FM** is a radio station on 94.7 FM in Guadalupe, Zacatecas, Mexico. The station is owned by Grupo Plata Radio and is known as Súper G.

## History

XHGAP received its concession on April 26, 1991. It was owned by Manuel de Alva Peña. That same day XHGAP and sister station XHZTS-FM 91.5 signed on, this station signing on five minutes before its sister.

In February 2014, XHGAP and XHZTS moved to new facilities.

## Programming

XHGAP broadcasts a Regional Mexican music format. It also has live talk and entertainment shows, mainly in the morning, the audience can call into the shows, participate in contests and games, send greetings and ask for songs.

94.7 was the radio play-by-play home of the Mineros de Zacatecas home games in the LNBP basketball league.

## InfoBox

XHGAP-FM
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Frequency | 94.7 FM |
| Branding | Súper G |
| Programming | |
| Format | Regional Mexican |
| Ownership | |
| Owner | * Grupo Plata Radio * (Juan Enríquez Rivera) |
| Sister stations | XHZTS-FM |
| History | |
| First air date | April 26, 1991 |
| Call sign meaning | **G**u**A**dalu**P**e |
| Technical information | |
| ERP | 50 kW |
| Links | |
| Webcast | Listen live |
| Website | supergfm.com |


title: Xenointoxication

abstract: Xenointoxication is a form of pest control in which an ectoparasite's host animal is dosed with a substance that is poisonous to the parasite. When the parasite feeds on its host, it is poisoned, and eventually dies. An example of this strategy is the experimental use of oral ivermectin in humans to kill bed bugs and parasitic worms. This technique has also been used to combat other ectoparasites. This method was unsuccessful in a 1969 study attempting to control Triatoma infestans in chicken houses because even though some bugs that fed on the treated birds did die, so did the birds, and the birds that survived produced fewer eggs.

text:
# Xenointoxication

**Xenointoxication** is a form of pest control in which an ectoparasite's host animal is dosed with a substance that is poisonous to the parasite. When the parasite feeds on its host, it is poisoned, and eventually dies.

An example of this strategy is the experimental use of oral ivermectin in humans to kill bed bugs and parasitic worms. This technique has also been used to combat other ectoparasites.

This method was unsuccessful in a 1969 study attempting to control *Triatoma infestans* in chicken houses because even though some bugs that fed on the treated birds did die, so did the birds, and the birds that survived produced fewer eggs.


title: Xenohammus quadriplagiatus

abstract: Xenohammus quadriplagiatus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1938. It is known from Laos.

text:
# Xenohammus quadriplagiatus

***Xenohammus quadriplagiatus*** is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1938. It is known from Laos.

## InfoBox

| *Xenohammus quadriplagiatus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Cerambycidae |
| Tribe: | Lamiini |
| Genus: | *Xenohammus* |
| Species: | ***X. quadriplagiatus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Xenohammus quadriplagiatus***<br>Breuning, 1938 | |
|


title: Wulfsige of London

abstract: Wulfsige was a medieval Bishop of London. Wulfsige was consecrated between 897 and 900. He died between 909 and 926.

text:
# Wulfsige of London

**Wulfsige** was a medieval Bishop of London.

Wulfsige was consecrated between 897 and 900. He died between 909 and 926.

## Citations

* Fryde, E. B.; Greenway, D. E.; Porter, S.; Roy, I. (1996). *Handbook of British Chronology* (Third revised ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-56350-X.

## InfoBox

| Wulfsige | |
| --- | --- |
| Bishop of London | |
| Appointed | between 897 and 900 |
| Term ended | between 909 and 926 |
| Predecessor | Heahstan |
| Successor | Æthelweard |
| Orders | |
| Consecration | between 897 and 900 |
| Personal details | |
| Died | between 909 and 926 |
| Denomination | Christian |


title: Xawery Wolski

abstract: Xawery Wolski is a Polish artist.

text:
# Xawery Wolski

**Xawery Wolski** (born 1960 in Warsaw, Poland) is a Polish artist.

## Biography

Wolski's work is predominantly sculpture. Some of the projects he has undertaken in Mexico include; the sculpture "Infinity Chains" at the entrance of the Rufino Tamayo Museum, the series of works created for the Four Seasons Hotel in Punta Mita, and the *Stelae* arranged at Álvaro Obregón (at the exit of Metro Zapata) in Mexico City. Wolski created this work in collaboration with street children from the area with the help of the French Ministry of External Relations.

He has participated in many artist in residence programs, spent long periods of his creative time in Asia and India producing sculptures related to specific cultural and meta physical issues, made over seventy individual exhibitions throughout the world. Among them the Liu Haisu Museum in Shanghai, The Zachęta National Gallery of Art, The Lux Art Institute, Museo Carillo Gil, Museo Rufino Tamayo and Museo de Arte Moderno in Mexico.

## Work

The work of Wolski is characterized by a profound simplicity and consolidates a fusion between a remote past and the present. Wolski's work approximates an ancestral sculptural tradition in which he synthesizes simple forms and roughly geometric shapes in order to represent specific ideas and concepts. Notwithstanding this tradition and Wolski's use of antique techniques to create his sculptures, the artist has generated a body of work with a contemporary vision. His terracotta sculptures are related by organic and natural forms that he synthesizes and abstracts from their origin in eternal forms, and at the same times imbues with a complex spiritual and reflective energy.

Wolski's latest work conserves its abstract quality but subtly reveals the presence of the human form. By means of fragments of bodies and faces the artist invites the spectator to reflect on the smooth, white surfaces of his work, traditionally associated with the idea of peace and rest, but also suggesting distinct questions and meanings. Ongoing project of Infinity chains (2017), consist in a series of permanent sculptures in public spaces, among them in San Diego, California (USA), Park Grotowskiego in Warsaw, Poland and the Kimpton Epic Hotel in Miami, Florida (USA).

"I am interested in creating bridges of communication permitting past and present appear in unity and with hope that the dialogue in time and space continues in order for new configurations to be found".

Wolski was awarded a Krasner Pollock award in November 2007.


title: Xawery Czernicki

abstract: Rear Admiral Xawery Stanisław Czernicki (1882–1940) was a Polish engineer, military commander and one of the highest-ranking officers of the Polish Navy. Considered one of the founders of Polish Navy's logistical services, he was murdered by the Soviet NKVD during the Katyn massacre.

text:
# Xawery Czernicki

Rear Admiral **Xawery Stanisław Czernicki** (1882–1940) was a Polish engineer, military commander and one of the highest-ranking officers of the Polish Navy. Considered one of the founders of Polish Navy's logistical services, he was murdered by the Soviet NKVD during the Katyn massacre.

## Life

Xawery Czernicki was born on 16 October 1882 in a szlachta family in the village of Giedejki (Giedeikiai) in the Oshmyansky Uyezd of the Vilna Governorate (present-day Ashmyany District. After graduating from a local gymnasium in 1901, Czernicki joined the Imperial Naval Engineering School in Kronstadt. In 1905 he graduated from the shipbuilding faculty and joined the Russian Navy in the basic officer's rank of michman. The following year he was admitted as the second lieutenant (later first lieutenant) and served as an engineer in the St. Petersburg naval base. In 1910 he became the head of a small naval shipyard in Sretensk (on the Shilka River, Amur basin), where he authored several river monitors. Until 1914 he also served as a deputy engineer and then lead engineer of the *Gangut*-class battleships *Sevastopol* and *Petropavlovsk*. Promoted in 1913 to the rank of captain, until the end of World War I Czernicki served as the lead hull designer in the naval shipyard in Reval (modern Tallinn, Estonia). In 1917 he was promoted to navy lieutenant colonel and the following year he resigned his post.

In 1919 he returned to Poland and volunteered for the Polish Navy. He was admitted as the chief of Technical Services of the Vistulan Flotilla, the first unit of the newly reborn Polish naval forces, created even before Poland regained its Baltic shore. During the Polish-Bolshevik War Czernicki served as the commanding officer of the Modlin Fortress inland naval base. In 1925 he became the head of a commission supervising the construction of Gdynia naval base and the following year he also started to head a commission supervising the construction of ORP *Burza*, ORP *Wicher*, ORP *Wilk*, ORP *Ryś* and ORP *Żbik* in France. Promoted to the rank of *Komandor*, he returned to Poland in 1932 and became the Chief of Services and the Deputy Commander of the Chief of Polish Navy in the Ministry of Military Affairs. In 1938 he was again promoted, this time to the rank of rear admiral.

### World War II

After the invasion of Poland in 1939, Czernicki was evacuated from Gdynia to Warsaw and then eastwards to the area of Pińsk and Brodów. There, in the village of Deraźny, he was ambushed by the Red Army with a group of Polish Navy officers, after the Soviet Union joined Nazi Germany in the invasion of Poland. Transported to Równe (modern Rivne, Ukraine), the officers were arrested by the NKVD and sent to various prisons and camps in the USSR. Czernicki, after a brief stay in Talitsa, was transferred to the NKVD special camp of Kozelsk. He was murdered in the spring of 1940, aged fifty-seven, in what became known as the Katyn massacre.

After the fall on the Soviet Union in 1989, Xawery Czernicki became one of the patrons of the Polish Navy. He is the name-sake of the Polish Navy Depot (1993), the ORP *Kontradmirał Xawery Czernicki* logistical ship (2001) and the X. Czernicki's Grand Prix prize, awarded every year during the Balt-Military-Expo in Gdańsk.

## Honours and awards

## Sources

* Jerzy Przybylski, ed. (2001). *Kontradmirał Xawery Stanisław Czernicki*. Jerzy Chłopecki, Ryszard Kuraż, Zbigniew Wojciechowski. Gdynia, Museum of the Polish Navy. p. 217. ISBN 83-88698-10-9.

## InfoBox

| Xawery Czernicki | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1882-10-16)16 October 1882
Giedejki (Giedeikiai), Russian Empire
(present-day Ashmyany District, Belarus) |
| Died | March/April 1940 (age 57)
Katyn, Russian SFSR, USSR |
| Allegiance | Poland |
| Years of service | 1901–1940 |
| Rank | Kontradmirał |
| Battles/wars |  |
| Awards |  |


title: XPEC Entertainment

abstract: XPEC Entertainment is a Taiwanese video game developer and publisher based in Taipei. It was founded in 2000.

text:
# XPEC Entertainment

**XPEC Entertainment** is a Taiwanese video game developer and publisher based in Taipei. It was founded in 2000.

## Games

| Year | Title | System | Publisher |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2003 | *Black Stone: Magic & Steel* | Xbox | Xicat Interactive
Idea Factory |
| 2004 | *Daemon Vector* | Microsoft Windows
Xbox | XPEC Entertainment
Frogster Interactive |
| 2005 | *Spectral Force Chronicle* | PlayStation 2 | Idea Factory |
| | *Hello Kitty: Roller Rescue* | Microsoft Windows
GameCube
PlayStation 2
Xbox | XPEC Entertainment
Empire Interactive
Namco
Sanrio |
| 2006 | *Spectral Force 3: Innocent Rage* | Xbox 360 | Idea Factory |
| | *Bounty Hounds* | PlayStation Portable | Namco |
| | *Realm of the Dead* | PlayStation 2 | Midas Interactive Entertainment |
| 2008 | *Kung Fu Panda* | PlayStation 2
Wii | Activision |
| | *The Hardy Boys: The Hidden Theft* | Microsoft Windows
Wii | DreamCatcher Games |
| 2010 | *Shrek Forever After* | Microsoft Windows
PlayStation 3
Xbox 360
Wii | Activision |
| 2011 | *Skylanders: Spyro's Adventure* | Microsoft Windows
OS X
PlayStation 3
Xbox 360 | Activision |
| 2016 | *Final Fantasy XV* | PlayStation 4
Xbox One | Square Enix |
| | *O! My Genesis* | PlayStation 4 |  |
| 2018 | *Final Fantasy XV: Pocket Edition* | Android
iOS | Square Enix |

## InfoBox

XPEC Entertainment
|
|  |
| Industry | Video games |
| Founded | August 2000 (2000-08) |
| Headquarters | Taipei, Republic of China |
| Number of locations | Taipei, ROC
Shanghai, PRC
Beijing, PRC
Suzhou, PRC |
| Number of employees | 787(2013) |
| Website | www.xpec.com.tw |


title: Nee Thanda Kanike

abstract: Nee Thanda Kanike is a 1985 Indian Kannada-language film, directed and produced by Dwarakish. The film stars Vishnuvardhan, Girish Karnad, Jayasudha and C. R. Simha in the lead roles. It is a remake of the Hindi film Sharaabi, (1984), which itself was loosely based on the 1981 American film Arthur. The film was not a big success. Jayasudha acted as a Kannada heroine for the first time after Jaya Prada backed out.

text:
# Nee Thanda Kanike

***Nee Thanda Kanike*** (English : The Gift You Bought) is a 1985 Indian Kannada-language film, directed and produced by Dwarakish. The film stars Vishnuvardhan, Girish Karnad, Jayasudha and C. R. Simha in the lead roles. It is a remake of the Hindi film *Sharaabi*, (1984), which itself was loosely based on the 1981 American film *Arthur*. The film was not a big success. Jayasudha acted as a Kannada heroine for the first time after Jaya Prada backed out.

## Cast

## Soundtrack

All the songs composed by Vijayanand and written by R. N. Jayagopal.

Track-List
| No. | Title | Singer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Eno Ondu Hosa Jeevavu" | Vani Jairam, S. P. Balasubrahmanyam |  |
| 2. | "Nee Needida Maathu Sullenu" | SPB, Usha Ganesh |  |
| 3. | "Kannalli Preethi" | B. R. Chaya |  |
| 4. | "Kannalli Preethi" | SPB, B. R. Chaya |  |
| 5. | "Balemba Veeneyalli" | SPB |  |

## InfoBox

| Nee Thanda Kanike | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Dwarakish |
| Written by | Chi. Udaya Shankar (dialogues) |
| Screenplay by | Dwarakish |
| Story by | Remake of *Sharaabi* (Hindi) (1984) |
| Produced by | Dwarakish |
| Starring | Vishnuvardhan
Girish Karnad
Jayasudha
C. R. Simha |
| Cinematography | R. Deviprasad |
| Edited by | Goutham Raj |
| Music by | Vijayanand |
| Production
company | Dwarakish Chithra |
| Distributed by | Dwarakish Chithra |
| Release date | * 24 December 1985 (1985-12-24) |
| Running time | 132 min |
| Country | India |
| Language | Kannada |


title: Shinny

abstract: Shinny is an informal type of hockey played on ice. It is also used as another term for street hockey. There are no formal rules or specific positions, and often, there are no goaltenders. The goal areas at each end may be marked by nets, or simply by objects, such as stones or blocks of snow. Body checking and lifting or "roofing/reefing/raising the puck" are often forbidden because the players are not wearing protective equipment. Shinny is a game that all levels of hockey enthusiasts can play because it requires no rink, requires no skills except ability to hold a stick and at the very least to try to touch the puck or ball when it goes by. Shinny may be completely non-competitive and recreational. In his book Country on Ice, Doug Beardsley claims that most Canadian hockey professional players have played some form of shinny in their youth.

text:
# Shinny

**Shinny** (also **shinney**, **pick-up hockey**, **pond hockey**, or **"outdoor puck"**) is an informal type of hockey played on ice. It is also used as another term for street hockey. There are no formal rules or specific positions, and often, there are no goaltenders. The goal areas at each end may be marked by nets, or simply by objects, such as stones or blocks of snow. Body checking and lifting or "roofing/reefing/raising the puck" (shooting the puck or ball so it rises above the ice) are often forbidden because the players are not wearing protective equipment. Shinny is a game that all levels of hockey enthusiasts can play because it requires no rink, requires no skills except ability to hold a stick and at the very least to try to touch the puck or ball when it goes by. Shinny may be completely non-competitive and recreational.

In his book *Country on Ice*, Doug Beardsley claims that most Canadian hockey professional players have played some form of shinny in their youth.

## Team formation

There is a common ritual for choosing teams, which has each player "throwing" their hockey stick into a pile at centre ice, or the middle area between two nets. A player then divides the pile into two smaller piles, ostensibly at random, but perhaps strategically assigning sticks to one side or another. Players then pick up their own sticks, the teams having been formed.

Teams are often formed with intent to divide the group into approximately equal levels of skills among the players. Players joining after play has started are usually told "which way they are going" (which net they should shoot towards) based upon the score of the game and their skill level. Some games continue for many hours with a variety of players participating for as long as they want.

## History and name origin

A game with similarities to shinny, but played on dirt, not ice, is widely reported in memoirs and ethnographic literature among Native American tribes throughout North America and may be its origin – for example, Thomas Jefferson Mayfield's memoir of his adopted boyhood among the Indians of Kings River, California (*Indian Summer*, Berkeley, Heyday, 1993). Sports historian Margaret Ann Hall describes this indigenous game as using curved sticks to hit a small ball, made of wood or stuffed deerskin, across a field of dirt or ice and between a pair of posts at either end of the field. According to Hall, the game was mainly a women's sport while lacrosse was mainly played by men. Shinny, generally believed to be a precursor to ice hockey, was informal enough in its formative years that the pucks and sticks were often makeshift. During the Great Depression, for example, northern boys used tree branches or broomhandles as sticks, a tin can, a piece of wood, and even a frozen road apple (horse dropping) as a puck. Any object about the right size might serve as a puck.

The name is derived from the Scottish game shinty and indeed shinny was a common name for one of shinty's many regional variations in Scotland. Shinny, a primarily Canadian term, is usually called "pick-up hockey" or "pond hockey" in the United States.

A myth perpetuates in Canada that the name is derived from children tying Eaton's catalogues around their legs (especially goalies) as a makeshift type of shinguard.

## Institutionalized usage

In some municipalities around the world where the climate permits, part of a city's taxes may go to the formal set-up and maintenance of skating rinks designed specifically for shinny. In some cities, such as Montreal, Edmonton, and Calgary, numerous rinks are erected and are maintained by civil servants throughout the winter as long as the weather allows their usage to continue.

The city of Toronto hosts free or low-cost shinny sessions and also has programs for adults to learn how to play hockey on city rinks. Toronto has more outdoor mechanically cooled rinks than any city in the world, with 54 outdoor mechanically cooled rinks currently in operation

The programs, expanded in 2011, include parent/child shinny and two levels of beginner, and are supervised by city-paid coaches.