title: State Bank of Saurashtra

abstract: The State Bank of Saurashtra was a government-owned bank in India, with its headquarters at Bhavnagar. It was one of the seven Associate Banks of the State Bank of India, with which it merged on 13 August 2008. At the time of the merger, the bank had a network of 423 branches spread over 15 states and the Union Territory of Daman and Diu. Prior to 1948, the region of Saurashtra, which at present forms a part of Gujarat State, comprised many small, medium and large princely states. Bhavnagar, Rajkot, and Jamnagar, which were among the larger states, and two smaller states, Palitana and Vadia, had established their own Darbar Banks, the oldest of which was Bhavnagar Darbar Bank, established in 1902. These banks mainly catered to the needs of the governments of their respective princely states, and acted as depositories for local savings. After the establishment of Saurashtra state in 1948, there was a parallel amalgamation of these banks. The Bhavnagar Darbar Bank became the State Bank of Saurashtra, under the Saurashtra State Banks (Amalgamation) Ordinance, 1950, and the four Darbar Banks - Rajkot State Bank, Porbandar State Bank, Palitana Darbar Bank, and Vadia State Bank - were merged with it with effect from 1 July 1950 as its branches. At the close of 1950 the Bank had only 9 branches and deposits of Rs.7 crores. In 1960, following the formation of a separate Gujarat State, the bank's main area of operation - Saurashtra - became a part of Gujarat. At the same time, the State Bank of India took over the State Bank of Saurashtra, along with the other major state-owned banks under the State Bank of India Act, 1959. By this time, the number of branches had increased to 24, with aggregate deposits of Rs.13.39 crores, total advances of Rs.7.93 crores, and an investment portfolio of Rs.8.04 crores. The paid up capital and reserves were Rs.1.51 crores. The bank also had 866 employees. The bank's first chairman was Jagubhai S. Parikh, and he served until 1960. He was the Deputy Chief Minister of Bhavnagar State Cabinet and was the first Finance Minister in the post-Independence Saurashtra Cabinet.

text:
# State Bank of Saurashtra

The **State Bank of Saurashtra** was a government-owned bank in India, with its headquarters at Bhavnagar. It was one of the seven Associate Banks of the State Bank of India, with which it merged on 13 August 2008. At the time of the merger, the bank had a network of 423 branches spread over 15 states and the Union Territory of Daman and Diu.

Prior to 1948, the region of Saurashtra, which at present forms a part of Gujarat State, comprised many small, medium and large princely states. Bhavnagar, Rajkot, and Jamnagar, which were among the larger states, and two smaller states, Palitana and Vadia, had established their own Darbar (meaning Palace) Banks, the oldest of which was Bhavnagar Darbar Bank, established in 1902. These banks mainly catered to the needs of the governments of their respective princely states, and acted as depositories for local savings. After the establishment of Saurashtra state in 1948, there was a parallel amalgamation of these banks. The Bhavnagar Darbar Bank became the State Bank of Saurashtra, under the Saurashtra State Banks (Amalgamation) Ordinance, 1950 (renamed as the State Bank of Saurashtra Act, 1950 by the 3rd schedule of the State Bank of India (Subsidiary Banks) Act, 1959), and the four Darbar Banks - Rajkot State Bank, Porbandar State Bank, Palitana Darbar Bank, and Vadia State Bank - were merged with it with effect from 1 July 1950 as its branches. At the close of 1950 the Bank had only 9 branches and deposits of Rs.7 crores.

In 1960, following the formation of a separate Gujarat State, the bank's main area of operation - Saurashtra - became a part of Gujarat. At the same time, the State Bank of India took over the State Bank of Saurashtra, along with the other major state-owned banks under the State Bank of India (Subsidiary Banks) Act, 1959. By this time, the number of branches had increased to 24, with aggregate deposits of Rs.13.39 crores, total advances of Rs.7.93 crores, and an investment portfolio of Rs.8.04 crores. The paid up capital and reserves were Rs.1.51 crores. The bank also had 866 employees.

The bank's first chairman was Jagubhai S. Parikh, and he served until 1960. He was the Deputy Chief Minister of Bhavnagar State Cabinet and was the first Finance Minister in the post-Independence Saurashtra Cabinet.

## Notes, citations and references

**Notes**

**Citations**

1. Ray & Das (2009), p. 931.
2. Text of the Act from *The Indian Lawyer*
3. Robin (1978), p. 245.

**References**

* Ray, Abhik; Das, Suman (2009). *The evolution of the State Bank of India: The era from 1995 to 1980*. Vol. 4. Penguin Books India. ISBN 9780670999064.
* Robin, Jeffrey (1978). *People, princes, and paramount power: society and politics in the Indian princely states*. Oxford University Press.


title: William P. Lambertson

abstract: William Purnell Lambertson was a U.S. Representative from Kansas. Born in Fairview, Kansas, Lambertson attended the public schools, Ottawa (Kansas) University, and the law school of the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. He engaged in agricultural pursuits. He served as a member of the State house of representatives 1909-1911 and 1919–1921, serving as speaker pro tempore in 1911 and as speaker in 1919. He served in the State senate 1913–1915. He served as chairman of Kansas State Efficiency and Economy Commission in 1917. He served as a member of Kansas State Board of Administration 1923–1925. He was an unsuccessful candidate for nomination for governor in 1922 and for Congress in 1924 and 1926. Lambertson was elected as a Republican to the Seventy-first and to the seven succeeding Congresses. He was an unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1944. He returned to his farm near Fairview, Kansas. He was defeated for the Republican nomination to Congress in 1946. He served as mayor of Fairview from April 1949 until he resigned in December 1952. He served as chairman of the Board of County Commissioners of Brown County, Kansas from 1953 to 1956. He died in Fairview, Kansas, October 26, 1957. He was interred in Sabetha Cemetery, Sabetha, Kansas.

text:
# William P. Lambertson

**William Purnell Lambertson** (March 23, 1880  October 26, 1957) was a U.S. Representative from Kansas.

Born in Fairview, Kansas, Lambertson attended the public schools, Ottawa (Kansas) University, and the law school of the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. He engaged in agricultural pursuits. He served as a member of the State house of representatives 1909-1911 and 1919–1921, serving as speaker pro tempore in 1911 and as speaker in 1919. He served in the State senate 1913–1915. He served as chairman of Kansas State Efficiency and Economy Commission in 1917. He served as a member of Kansas State Board of Administration 1923–1925. He was an unsuccessful candidate for nomination for governor in 1922 and for Congress in 1924 and 1926.

Lambertson was elected as a Republican to the Seventy-first and to the seven succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1929 – January 3, 1945). He was an unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1944. He returned to his farm near Fairview, Kansas. He was defeated for the Republican nomination to Congress in 1946. He served as mayor of Fairview from April 1949 until he resigned in December 1952. He served as chairman of the Board of County Commissioners of Brown County, Kansas from 1953 to 1956. He died in Fairview, Kansas, October 26, 1957. He was interred in Sabetha Cemetery, Sabetha, Kansas.

* United States Congress. "William P. Lambertson (id: L000037)". *Biographical Directory of the United States Congress*.

This article incorporates public domain material from the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress

## InfoBox

| William Purnell Lambertson | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Kansas's 1st district | |
| **In office**
March 4, 1929  January 3, 1945 | |
| Preceded by | Daniel Read Anthony Jr. |
| Succeeded by | Albert M. Cole |
| Member of the Kansas House of Representatives | |
| **In office**
1909-1911
1919-1921 | |
| Member of the Kansas Senate | |
| **In office**
1913-1915 | |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1880-03-23)March 23, 1880
Fairview, Kansas |
| Died | October 26, 1957(1957-10-26) (aged 77)
Fairview, Kansas |
| Political party | Republican |
|  | |


title: Martin Krygier

abstract: Martin Evald John Krygier, is an Australian academic.

text:
# Martin Krygier

**Martin Evald John Krygier** AM FASSA, (born 1949) is an Australian academic.

## Education

Krygier obtained BA and LLB degrees at the University of Sydney and a PhD in the History of Ideas at the Australian National University.

## Career

Krygier taught in the Department of Jurisprudence at University of Sydney Law school, before joining the Faculty of Law (now Faculty of Law and Justice) in the University of New South Wales. He was appointed the Gordon Samuels Professor of Law and Social Theory in 2009.

In 1997, Krygier delivered the annual series of Australian Broadcasting Corporation Boyer Lectures on "Between Fear and Hope: Hybrid Thoughts on Public Views".

## Personal

Martin Krygier born 1949 in Sydney, is the son of Richard Krygier and Roma Halpern.

## Honours and awards

* 2002 Elected Fellow of the Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia
* 2002 Cavalier's Cross, Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland
* 2016 Dennis Leslie Mahoney Prize
* 2020 Member of the Order of Australia for "significant service to legal education, and to professional associations"

## InfoBox

| Martin KrygierAM FASSA | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1949 (age 7475)<br>Sydney, Australia |
|  | |
| Academic work | |
| Institutions | University of New South Wales |
|  | |


title: West Harwich, Massachusetts

abstract: West Harwich is a village in the town of Harwich, Massachusetts, on Cape Cod, United States. West Harwich makes most of the population in the Northwest Harwich Census-designated place.

text:
# West Harwich, Massachusetts

**West Harwich** is a village in the town of Harwich, Massachusetts, on Cape Cod, United States. West Harwich makes most of the population in the Northwest Harwich Census-designated place.

## Geography and demographics

West Harwich is in the Northwest Harwich CDP. It is located on Massachusetts Route 28, a significant route on Cape Cod and in eastern Massachusetts. In the summer, West Harwich is a vacation area. In the other seasons, West Harwich is still very populated.

## Education

Harwich's schools are part of the Monomoy Regional School District. Harwich Elementary School serves students from preschool through fourth grade, and Monomoy Regional Middle School serves Harwich and the neighboring town, Chatham. This middle school serves grades 5–7, and Monomoy Regional High School serves grades 8–12 for Harwich and Chatham. Monomoy's teams are known as the Sharks. Harwich is known for its excellent boys' basketball, girls' basketball, girls' field hockey, softball, and baseball teams.

The Lighthouse Charter School is located in East Harwich, the former home of the Harwich Cinema.

Harwich is the site of Cape Cod Regional Technical High School, a grades 9–12 high school that serves most of Cape Cod. The town is also home to Holy Trinity Preschool, a Catholic preschool that serves pre-kindergarten in West Harwich.\[22\]

## Zip Code and CDP

West Harwich has its own Zip Code (02671); however, it is part of the Northwest Harwich CDP area, along with North Harwich and Pleasant Lake.

## InfoBox

| West Harwich | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| First Baptist Church | |
| **West Harwich** | |
| Coordinates: 41°40′0″N 70°6′58″W / 41.66667°N 70.11611°W / 41.66667; -70.11611 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Massachusetts |
| County | Barnstable |
| Town | Harwich |
| Elevation | 13 ft (4 m) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| ZIP codes | 02671 |
| Area code | 508 |
| GNIS feature ID | 616014 |


title: West Marin Citizen

abstract: The West Marin Citizen was a weekly newspaper based in Point Reyes Station, California, that covered the western region of Marin County. After a pilot edition, the paper published its first issue on July 5, 2007. In the following years through April 2015, the newspaper engaged in a two-paper competition for limited readership and advertising dollars in a rural area where both were relatively scarce. Joel Hack launched the Citizen in reaction to the purchase of the Point Reyes Light, a long-established, Pulitzer Prize-winning newspaper also based in Point Reyes Station, by Robert Plotkin, who owned the paper between 2005-2010. The change in ownership, after the $500,000 sale by long-time owner and editor Dave Mitchell, had led to a different editorial tone and staff changes. Former Light managing editor Jim Kravets was the paper's first editor. Contributors included members of the local Latino Photography Project, whose work ran as an ongoing series called "La Vida". In August 2008, the Citizen won six awards from the National Newspaper Association based on the paper's first six months of reporting. In mid-2008, a group of residents formed a limited liability company with the intent of merging the Light and Citizen to create a single community-owned newspaper, but by the end of the year, could not come to terms with the Light's publisher on a price or the terms of the proposed buyout. The group, reconstituted as the Marin Media Alliance, focused its effort towards community ownership solely on the Citizen. The effort was not successful. In October 2010, Hack retired as editor and publisher, turning the paper over to advertising director Linda Petersen. Under her watch, The Citizen leaned more toward features and reader-contributed pieces, while the Light worked on a more traditional newspaper model of reporters filing news stories. But financial struggles affected both papers and left Peterson with no paid staff. In April 2015, she sold the paper to the Light for $50,000.

text:
# West Marin Citizen

The ***West Marin Citizen*** was a weekly newspaper based in Point Reyes Station, California, that covered the western region of Marin County. After a pilot edition, the paper published its first issue on July 5, 2007. In the following years through April 2015, the newspaper engaged in a two-paper competition for limited readership and advertising dollars in a rural area where both were relatively scarce.

Joel Hack launched the *Citizen* in reaction to the purchase of the *Point Reyes Light*, a long-established, Pulitzer Prize-winning newspaper also based in Point Reyes Station, by Robert Plotkin, who owned the paper between 2005-2010. The change in ownership, after the $500,000 sale by long-time owner and editor Dave Mitchell, had led to a different editorial tone and staff changes. Former *Light* managing editor Jim Kravets was the paper's first editor.

Contributors included members of the local Latino Photography Project, whose work ran as an ongoing series called "La Vida". In August 2008, the *Citizen* won six awards from the National Newspaper Association based on the paper's first six months of reporting.

In mid-2008, a group of residents formed a limited liability company with the intent of merging the *Light* and *Citizen* to create a single community-owned newspaper, but by the end of the year, could not come to terms with the *Light'*s publisher on a price or the terms of the proposed buyout. The group, reconstituted as the Marin Media Alliance, focused its effort towards community ownership solely on the *Citizen*. The effort was not successful.

In October 2010, Hack retired as editor and publisher, turning the paper over to advertising director Linda Petersen. Under her watch, The *Citizen* leaned more toward features and reader-contributed pieces, while the *Light* worked on a more traditional newspaper model of reporters filing news stories. But financial struggles affected both papers and left Peterson with no paid staff. In April 2015, she sold the paper to the *Light* for $50,000.

## InfoBox

West Marin Citizen
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Type | Weekly newspaper |
| Format | Tabloid |
| Owner(s) | West Marin Citizen |
| Publisher | Linda Petersen |
| Editor | Linda Petersen |
| Founded | 2007 |
| Language | English |
| Ceased publication | 2015 |
| Headquarters | 60 4th Street, Point Reyes Station, CA 94956 United States |


title: West Virginia's 11th Senate district

abstract: West Virginia's 11th Senate district is one of 17 districts in the West Virginia Senate. It is currently represented by Republicans Bill Hamilton and Robert Karnes. All districts in the West Virginia Senate elect two members to staggered four-year terms.

text:
# West Virginia's 11th Senate district

**West Virginia's 11th Senate district** is one of 17 districts in the West Virginia Senate. It is currently represented by Republicans Bill Hamilton and Robert Karnes. All districts in the West Virginia Senate elect two members to staggered four-year terms.

## Geography

District 11 covers all of Nicholas, Pendleton, Pocahontas, Randolph, Upshur, and Webster Counties, as well as some of southern Grant County, in the eastern part of the state. Communities within the district include Richwood, Summersville, Craigsville, Webster Springs, Marlinton, Buckhannon, Elkins, Franklin, and Petersburg.

The district overlaps with the state's 1st, 2nd, and 3rd congressional districts, and with the 32nd, 41st, 43rd, 44th, 45th, 46th, 54th, and 55th districts of the West Virginia House of Delegates. It borders the state of Virginia. At over 4,400 square miles, it is by far the largest district in the Senate.

## Recent election results

### 2022

2022 West Virginia Senate election, District 11
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **Bill Hamilton (incumbent)** | **23,105** | **100** |
| Total votes | | | **23,105** | **100** |

## Historical election results

### 2020

2020 West Virginia Senate election, District 11
| Primary election | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
|  | **Republican** | **Robert Karnes** | **7,778** | **54.0** |
|  | Republican | John Pitsenbarger (incumbent) | 6,618 | 46.0 |
| Total votes | | | **14,396** | **100** |
| General election | | | | |
|  | **Republican** | **Robert Karnes** | **23,364** | **51.4** |
|  | Democratic | Denise Campbell | 22,116 | 48.6 |
| Total votes | | | **45,480** | **100** |
|  | Republican **hold** | | | |

### 2018

2018 West Virginia Senate election, District 11
| Primary election | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
|  | **Republican** | **Bill Hamilton** | **6,523** | **62.3** |
|  | Republican | Robert Karnes (incumbent) | 3,955 | 37.7 |
| Total votes | | | **10,478** | **100** |
|  | **Democratic** | **Laura Finch** | **5,087** | **52.4** |
|  | Democratic | Margaret Kerr Beckwith | 4,617 | 47.6 |
| Total votes | | | **9,704** | **100** |
| General election | | | | |
|  | **Republican** | **Bill Hamilton** | **23,718** | **70.4** |
|  | Democratic | Laura Finch | 9,953 | 29.6 |
| Total votes | | | **33,671** | **100** |
|  | Republican **hold** | | | |

### 2016

2016 West Virginia Senate election, District 11
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **Greg Boso (incumbent)** | **20,610** | **49.4** |
|  | Democratic | Denise Campbell | 19,718 | 47.3 |
|  | Mountain | Bruce Breuninger | 1,404 | 3.4 |
| Total votes | | | **41,732** | **100** |
|  | Republican **hold** | | | |

### 2014

2014 West Virginia Senate election, District 11
| Primary election | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
|  | **Republican** | **Robert Karnes** | **3,327** | **53.1** |
|  | Republican | Steve Foster | 2,941 | 46.9 |
| Total votes | | | **6,268** | **100** |
| General election | | | | |
|  | **Republican** | **Robert Karnes** | **15,171** | **55.6** |
|  | Democratic | Gregory Tucker (incumbent) | 12,122 | 44.4 |
| Total votes | | | **27,293** | **100** |
|  | Republican **gain** from Democratic | | | |

### 2012

2012 West Virginia Senate election, District 11
| Primary election | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
|  | **Democratic** | **Margaret Kerr Beckwith** | **7,622** | **58.8** |
|  | Democratic | Paul Louk | 5,347 | 41.2 |
| Total votes | | | **12,969** | **100** |
| General election | | | | |
|  | **Republican** | **Clark Barnes (incumbent)** | **24,571** | **65.5** |
|  | Democratic | Margaret Kerr Beckwith | 12,941 | 34.5 |
| Total votes | | | **37,512** | **100** |
|  | Republican **hold** | | | |

### Federal and statewide results

| Year | Office | Results |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2020 | President | Trump 76.2 – 22.3% |
| 2016 | President | Trump 74.9 – 20.7% |
| 2014 | Senate | Capito 66.4 – 29.1% |
| 2012 | President | Romney 67.4 – 30.1% |
| | Senate | Manchin 56.6 – 39.7% |
| | Governor | Tomblin 48.3 – 47.5% |

## Historical district boundaries

## InfoBox

| West Virginia's 11th
State Senate district | |
| --- | --- |
| --- | |
|  | |
| Senator | Bill Hamilton
Buckhannon  Robert Karnes
Helvetia
 |
| Demographics | 97% White
1% Black
1% Hispanic
0% Asian
1% Other |
| Population (2017) | 112,494 |


title: Western tubenose goby

abstract: The western tubenose goby is a species of goby native to fresh waters of the Black Sea and Aegean Sea basins. It has recently spread as an invasive species to Central and Western Europe and to North America. Previously Proterorhinus semilunaris was considered as a junior synonym of Proterorhinus marmoratus, but was confirmed as a distinct species based on molecular analysis.

text:
# Western tubenose goby

The **western tubenose goby** (***Proterorhinus semilunaris***) is a species of goby native to fresh waters of the Black Sea and Aegean Sea basins. It has recently spread as an invasive species to Central and Western Europe and to North America. Previously *Proterorhinus semilunaris* was considered as a junior synonym of *Proterorhinus marmoratus*, but was confirmed as a distinct species based on molecular analysis.

## Description

The species average size is 12.7 centimeters. The body and head is flattened laterally. It has 37–46 large, cycloid scales. Its jaws are equal by length. It has an abdominal sucker without explicit blades. It has no swim bladder. The head's width is usually less than its height. Crown, nape, upper edges of operculums, origins of pectoral fins, belly, and posterior part of throat are covered with cycloid scales. Body color is brown to yellowish-gray with 4–5 dark streaks on back, transforming to spots below the middle of the body. Its fins are typically striped. It reaches 12 centimeters (4.7 in). It differs from the closely related marine tubenose goby *P. marmoratus* by the head length, which constitutes 28–32% of the fish's standard length. The posterior membrane of first dorsal fin reaches the origin of the second dorsal fin. Arterior naris reaches the upper lip or uppermost margin of the lower lip. Eye diameter is 16–21% of head length.

The tubenose gobies have a cylindrical body with a flattened ventral surface. The mouth is wide and slightly subterminal mouth with large lips and no barbels. The first dorsal fin has 7 or 8 spines. The caudal fin is rounded and has a triangular black spot at its base. The ventral fins are fused into a single suction cup shape. The scales are small and cover the top of the head, behind the eyes, and along the midline. The back and sides have broad, oblique blochtes on a lighter brown or olive background. The bottom of the fish is cream to white in color. This species lacks scales on its lateral line. The rows above the lateral line have 45 to 48 scales. The tubenose goby is flattened on the ventral surface.

The nostril tubes, from which these gobies get their name, distinguish the tubenose goby from the round goby. The western tubenose goby have tubular nostrils and its nostril tube extends to the upper lip. The tubular nostril is 2–4 centimeters long. The round goby lacks these nostril tubes. It can also be distinguished by its long anterior nostrils and lack of a black spot on the posterior base of its dorsal fin.

## Range

### Natural range

The species is native to the fresh waters of the Black Sea basin and the Maritza and Struma rivers draining the Aegean Sea. It inhabits the Danube River from the delta to the mouth Morava and in the Danube Lakes, from Prut to Iași. In Bulgaria, it lives in the Kamchiya, Ropotamo, Veleka, and Rezovska rivers. It inhabits the basins of the Dniester and Southern Bug rivers. In the Dnieper river the natural range is from the estuary to Trubizh River. In the basin of the Sea of Azov it lives in the rivers Don, Seversky Donets (to Sviatohirsk), in the estuary of the Kuban River. It also inhabits Lake Neusiedler.

### Invasive range

In Eurasia it is mentioned as non-indigenous in the upper streams of the Danube river, the Dnieper river, the Rhine-Main system (North Sea basin), and the Vistula. During the period of 2008–2010, this species was registered in the Meuse River on the border between Belgium and Netherlands.

*Proterorhinus semilunaris* was introduced to the St. Clair River from eastern Europe in Ballast water. It is possible that it spread to Canada and the Great Lakes through use of it as live bait. By the early 2000s it had spread north to the Minnesota-Wisconsin border and East to the border of New York and Pennsylvania.

## Conservation status

The (western) tubenose goby is considered an invasive species in North America, but in certain Eurasian locations, the native tubenose goby is considered to be endangered. Particularly in Greece the populations are endangered near the town of Serres due to pollution and human-induced habitat change.

## Ecology

### Habitat

*Proterorhinus semilunaris* inhabit freshwater areas. They live in regions with much plant cover in lakes and rivers. They will inhabit shallow (less than 5 meter depth), slow moving, shore water. They will be found in areas with abundant macrophytes.

Tubenose gobies in the Detroit River are positively associated with complex macrophytes in the fall. They are negatively associated with the macrophytes in the spring and summer. They can withstand extremely low levels of dissolved oxygen.

Tubenose goby will create nests under rocks and logs in shallow water, and defend its nest sites quite aggressively. The preferred nesting areas indicate that they could potentially inhabit the shallow waters of all five Great Lakes. Currently, the species is not spreading rapidly, however, if the species does expand it could be a threat to native species of the Great Lakes.

### Feeding

The species is a benthic omnivore (demersal fish). It consumes a large number of benthic invertebrates, such as Chironomidaes, crustaceans, copepods, and ostracods. Gobies will also eat fish larvae; this can negatively impact the ecosystem of the rivers and lakes that tubenose gobies inhabit.

In the Věstonice Reservoir (Thaya River, the basin of the Morava River) the larvae of Chironomidae, mostly *Phytotendipes gripekoveni* comprise 40.2% and *Asellus aquaticus* 27.6% as well as Corixidae, copepods, Ceratopogonidae, Cladocera, and leeches (Hirudinea).

### Reproduction and life cycle

The life span of the female *Proterorhinus semilunaris* can be up to 5 years. Meanwhile, the males generally do not live as long. The males will guard their nesting sites to defend their eggs and young. Tubenose gobies will nest under logs and rocks in the shallow fresh waters of the Great Lakes and their connecting rivers. The gobies will spawn multiple times during the warmer months of the year which makes the species rather prolific. Currently, the species is not rapidly spreading but the prolific spawning could create a threat to the native species of Rainbow Darters and Northern Madtoms.

### Parasites

Infestation is low in the natural range. In the delta of the Dniester River they have 5 parasite species; trematodes *Nicolla skrjabini* are most numerous. In the small rivers of the northern coast of the Sea of Azov it has trematodes *Plagioporus skrjabini* and glochidia of molluscs.

After introduction, the tubenose goby in the Morava River have 13 parasite species; the trematodes, such as *Apatemon cobitidis proterorhini*, *Diplostomum spathaceum*, *Tylodelphys clavata*, were most numerous in the parasite community. In the Great Lakes the introduced tubenose goby was infected with 6 parasite species, but the infestation with every particular species was very low. It is included as paratenic host to the life cycle of the parasite of turtles, the nematode *Spiroxys contortus*.

### Ecological impact and importance

The North American tubenose goby has a significant overlap in diet with the rainbow darter, northern madtom, and the logperch, which creates competition with these species in their native habitat.

The western tubenose goby is an invasive species but it has not spread to the extent of the round goby. The tubenose goby has the potential to threaten the natural species of the Great Lakes. Many native predatory fish feed on the tubenose goby which disrupts the native food webs of the Great Lakes

## InfoBox

| Western tubenose goby | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *P. semilunaris* from the Baraboy River, southern Ukraine | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Gobiiformes |
| Family: | Gobiidae |
| Genus: | *Proterorhinus* |
| Species: | ***P. semilunaris*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Proterorhinus semilunaris***
(Heckel, 1837) | |
|
|  | |
| The range of the western tubenose goby. Initial introduction in North America shown, see the map below for further spread. | |
| Synonyms | |
| * *Gobius semilunaris* Heckel, 1837 | |


abstract: This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Hale County, Texas. This is intended to be a complete list of properties and districts listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Hale County, Texas. There are one National Historic Landmark and one district listed on the National Register in the county. The district includes one Recorded Texas Historic Landmark.           This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted October 4, 2024.

text:
# National Register of Historic Places listings in Hale County, Texas

This is a list of the **National Register of Historic Places listings in Hale County, Texas**.

This is intended to be a complete list of properties and districts listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Hale County, Texas. There are one National Historic Landmark and one district listed on the National Register in the county. The district includes one Recorded Texas Historic Landmark.

*This National Park Service list is complete through NPS recent listings posted October 4, 2024.*

## Current listings

The publicly disclosed locations of National Register properties and districts may be seen in a mapping service provided.

|  | Name on the Register | Image | Date listed | Location | City or town | Description |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Plainview Commercial Historic District |  | December 2, 1982
(#82004855) | Roughly bounded by E. 4th, Austin, E. 9th, and Ash Sts. (both sides)
34°11′08″N 101°42′11″W / 34.185556°N 101.703056°W / 34.185556; -101.703056 (Plainview Commercial Historic District) | Plainview | Includes one Recorded Texas Historic Landmark |
| 2 | Plainview Site |  | October 15, 1966
(#66000814) | Address restricted
 | Plainview |  |


title: Mrs. Fields

abstract: Mrs. Fields' Original Cookies Inc. is an American franchisor in the snack food industry, with Mrs. Fields and TCBY as its core brands. Through its franchisees' retail stores, it is one of the largest retailers of freshly-baked-on-premises specialty cookies and brownies in the United States and the largest retailer of soft-serve frozen yogurt in the country. In addition, it operates a gifts and branded retail business, entering into many licensing arrangements. Its franchise systems include over 300 franchised and licensed locations throughout the United States and in 22 other countries. It also offers retail grocery products and a gifting catalog under the name of Mrs. Fields Gifts. It is headquartered in Broomfield, Colorado.

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# Mrs. Fields

**Mrs. Fields' Original Cookies Inc.** is an American franchisor in the snack food industry, with Mrs. Fields and TCBY as its core brands. Through its franchisees' retail stores, it is one of the largest retailers of freshly-baked-on-premises specialty cookies and brownies in the United States and the largest retailer of soft-serve frozen yogurt in the country. In addition, it operates a gifts and branded retail business, entering into many licensing arrangements. Its franchise systems include over 300 franchised and licensed locations throughout the United States and in 22 other countries. It also offers retail grocery products and a gifting catalog under the name of Mrs. Fields Gifts. It is headquartered in Broomfield, Colorado.

## History

Mrs. Fields Cookies was founded by Debbi Fields in the late 1970s. She and her husband Randy opened their first of many stores in 1977 in Palo Alto, California, selling homemade-style cookies which quickly grew in popularity. Stalls were located in many U.S. airports and shopping malls. In 1982, they moved their headquarters to Park City, Utah. In the early 1990s, the company was sold to an investment firm.

During the 1980s and 90s, the company acquired several other brands, including The Famous Chocolate Chip Cookie Company, The Original Cookie Company, Great American Cookies, Pretzel Time, Pretzelmaker, Hot Sam Pretzel Bakery, and TCBY. All Hot Sam’s stores were converted to Pretzel Time and Great American Cookies, Pretzel Time and Pretzelmaker were later sold to Nexcen Franchise Management leaving only Mrs. Fields’ Cookies and TCBY as the portfolios brands.

In 2007, Mrs. Fields celebrated its 30th anniversary with a national search for a new cookie. Chandler, Arizona resident Carrie Lawrence's recipe for "Oatmeal Peanut Butter Scotchies" was chosen over 700 other recipe entries as Mrs. Fields' 30th Anniversary Cookie in August 2007.

In May 2012, Mrs. Fields announced it was moving its headquarters to the Denver area in Colorado. According to then CEO Tim Casey, the move was because "Many casual/quick service franchise companies were launched from and are based in Denver, making it an ideal environment for idea sharing."

The company acquired long-standing licensee Maxfield Candy and high-quality nut, dried fruit, and popcorn brand Nutty Guys in Salt Lake City, Utah, on December 24, 2014.

## The chain letter recipe

In the mid-1980s, a recipe circulated through the mail that claimed to contain the secret recipe for Mrs. Fields chocolate chip cookies along with a story that it was purchased from one of the cookie stores for $250. However, it was fake and the story that accompanied it was adapted from an urban legend attached to recipes for cookies from Neiman Marcus and Waldorf-Astoria for red velvet cake.

In response to the chain letter, a sign attributed to Debbi was posted in Mrs. Fields stores:

> Mrs. Fields recipe has never been sold. There is a rumor circulating that the recipe was sold to a woman at a cost of $250. A chocolate-chip cookie recipe was attached to the story. I would like to tell all my customers that this story is not true, this is not my recipe and I have not sold the recipe to anyone. Mrs. Fields recipe is a delicious trade secret.

## Financial history

In 2007, Nexcen Brands, Inc. purchased the Pretzel Time and Pretzelmaker brands from Mrs. Fields Famous Brands. Great American Cookies was then sold to Nexcen in February 2008. Mrs. Fields experienced layoffs due to restructuring caused by sale of these brands. In 2008, Mrs. Fields attempted to restructure their debt to bondholders before filing for Chapter 11 protection.

Mrs. Fields avoided another bankruptcy in 2011 by agreeing to cede control of the company to its creditors, Z Capital Partners and Carlyle. Z Capital Partners became the sole owner of Mrs. Fields in 2013. Mrs. Fields promoted Neil Courtney from COO to CEO.

## InfoBox

Mrs. Fields Original Cookies Inc.
|
|  |
| Company type | Private |
| Founded | Palo Alto, California (August 16, 1977 (1977-08-16)) |
| Founder | Debbi Fields |
| Headquarters | Broomfield, Colorado, United States |
| Number of locations | 300 locations in the United States and 100 locations in 33 countries (2015) |
| Key people | Dustin Lyman, CEO
David Rentzsch, CFO

BJ Flores, COO |
| Products | Baked goods |
| Owner | Z Capital Partners |
| Number of employees | 4,000 |
| Subsidiaries | TCBY |
| Website | MrsFields.com |


title: Thelymitra matthewsii

abstract: Thelymitra matthewsii, commonly called the spiral sun orchid or spiral leaved sun orchid, is a species of orchid in the family Orchidaceae and native to New Zealand and Australia. It has a single erect leaf, spiralling around the flowering stem and a single dark purple flower with darker veins and yellow ear-like arms on the sides of the column.

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# Thelymitra matthewsii

***Thelymitra matthewsii***, commonly called the **spiral sun orchid** or **spiral leaved sun orchid**, is a species of orchid in the family Orchidaceae and native to New Zealand and Australia. It has a single erect leaf, spiralling around the flowering stem and a single dark purple flower with darker veins and yellow ear-like arms on the sides of the column.

## Description

*Thelymitra matthewsii* is a tuberous, perennial herb with a single leaf which is egg-shaped near the base, then suddenly narrows to a linear, curved or spirally twisted upper part. The upper part is 60–90 mm (2–4 in) long and 3–7 mm (0.1–0.3 in) wide. A single (rarely two) dark purple to violet flower with darker veins, 16–20 mm (0.6–0.8 in) wide is borne facing upwards on a flowering stem 100–220 mm (4–9 in) tall. The sepals and petals are 8–10 mm (0.3–0.4 in) long and 4–7 mm (0.2–0.3 in) wide. The dorsal (uppermost) sepal is wider than the other sepals and petals. The column is purplish, 5–6 mm (0.20–0.24 in) long and about 2 mm (0.08 in) wide with two yellow, ear-like arms on the sides. The flowers are self-pollinating, short lived and open on hot, sunny days. Flowering occurs from August to October.

## Taxonomy and naming

*Thelymitra matthewsii* was first formally described in 1911 by Thomas Frederic Cheeseman from a specimen collected by Richard Henry Matthews and the description was published in *Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute*. The specific epithet (*matthewsii*) honours the collector of the type specimen.

## Distribution and habitat

The spiral sun orchid grows in open forest and disturbed sites such as recently exposed soil in gullies. It is found on the extreme north of the North Island of New Zealand, in widely separated sites in Victoria and in south-eastern South Australia. It was previously more widespread in New Zealand then thought to be extinct there until it was rediscovered in the 1980s. It appears to be extinct at the type location.

## Conservation

*Thelymitra matthewsii* is classified as "threatened - nationally critical" in New Zealand, as "vulnerable" under the Victorian *Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988* and as "vulnerable" under the Australian Government *Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999*. The main threats to the species are habitat disturbance and destruction, altered fire regimes, weed invasion and grazing. A recovery plan has been prepared for the species in Australia.

## InfoBox

| Spiral sun orchid | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Thelymitra matthewsii* in the Grampians National Park | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Orchidaceae |
| Subfamily: | Orchidoideae |
| Tribe: | Diurideae |
| Genus: | *Thelymitra* |
| Species: | ***T. matthewsii*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Thelymitra matthewsii***<br>Cheeseman | |
|
| Synonyms | |
|  | |


title: WWE Hall of Fame (2010)

abstract: WWE Hall of Fame (2010) was the event which featured the introduction of the 11th class to the WWE Hall of Fame. The event was produced by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) on March 27, 2010, from the Dodge Theatre in Phoenix, Arizona. The event took place the same weekend as WrestleMania XXVI. The event was hosted by Jerry Lawler. A condensed one-hour version of the ceremony aired on the USA Network that same evening. In March 2015 the ceremony was added to the WWE Network.

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# WWE Hall of Fame (2010)

**WWE Hall of Fame (2010)** was the event which featured the introduction of the 11th class to the WWE Hall of Fame. The event was produced by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) on March 27, 2010, from the Dodge Theatre in Phoenix, Arizona. The event took place the same weekend as WrestleMania XXVI. The event was hosted by Jerry Lawler. A condensed one-hour version of the ceremony aired on the USA Network that same evening. In March 2015 the ceremony was added to the WWE Network.

## Inductees

### Individual

* *Class headliners appear in **boldface***

| Image | Ring name
(Birth Name) | Inducted by | WWE recognized accolades |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **"The Million Dollar Man" Ted DiBiase** | Ted DiBiase Jr.
Brett DiBiase | Four-time Mid-South North American Heavyweight Champion
Creator and two-time holder of the non-sanctioned Million Dollar Championship
Three-time WWF World Tag Team Champion
1988 King of the Ring.
In 2019, Dibiase would win the 24/7 Championship |
|  | Antonio Inoki
(Kanji Inoki) | Stan Hansen | Founder of New Japan Pro-Wrestling
Two-time WWWF/WWF World Martial Arts Heavyweight Champion
One-time IWGP Heavyweight Champion |
|  | Wendi Richter | Roddy Piper | Two-time WWF Women's Champion
One-time AWA Women's Champion
One-time NWA United States Women's Champion
Two-time NWA Women's World Tag Team Champion |
|  | Maurice "Mad Dog" Vachon | Pat Patterson | Five-time AWA World Heavyweight Champion |
|  | Gorgeous George
(George Wagner) | Dick Beyer | Posthumous inductee: Represented by his ex-wife Betty Wagner
One-time holder of the Boston version of the AWA World Heavyweight Championship
Portrayed as a flamboyant, arrogant, charismatic villain, George is credited with helping establish wrestling on television in the 1940s and 1950s |
|  | Stu Hart | Bret Hart | Posthumous inductee: Represented by Bret Hart and all Stu's other living children Smith, Bruce, Keith, Wayne, Ellie, Georgia, Alison, Ross and Diana.
Established Stampede Wrestling in Calgary 1948, and ran it until 1984.
Ran "The Dungeon" wrestling school and trained numerous WWE wrestlers.
Patriarch of the Hart family. |
|

### Celebrity

| Image | Recipient
(Birth name) | Occupation | Inducted by | Appearances |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Bob Uecker | Actor
Baseball announcer | Dick Ebersol | Guest interviewer/ring announcer at WrestleMania III and IV |
|

## InfoBox

| WWE Hall of Fame (2010) | |
| --- | --- |
| Promotion | WWE |
| Date | March 27, 2010 |
| City | Phoenix, Arizona |
| Venue | Dodge Theatre |
| WWE Hall of Fame chronology | |
| **Previous**
2009 **Next**
2011 | |


title: Martin Krnáč

abstract: Martin Krnáč is a Slovak retired footballer who and current goalkeeper coach of SC Kittsee. He was second-choice goalkeeper behind Martin Dúbravka for MSK's games in the 2010-11 UEFA Champions League.

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# Martin Krnáč

**Martin Krnáč** (born 30 January 1985) is a Slovak retired footballer who and current goalkeeper coach of SC Kittsee.

He was second-choice goalkeeper behind Martin Dúbravka for MSK's games in the 2010-11 UEFA Champions League.

## Career

### Club career

In January 2020, Krnáč, who also is running a goalkeeper school in Bratislava, joined Austrian club SC Kittsee as a goalkeeper coach. He was also on the bench for one league game in October 2020.

## InfoBox

Martin Krnáč
|  | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | Martin Krnáč | | |
| Date of birth | (1985-01-30) 30 January 1985 | | |
| Place of birth | Czechoslovakia | | |
| Height | 1.90 m (6 ft 3 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Goalkeeper | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | SC Kittsee (goalkeeper coach) | | |
| Youth career | | | |
|  | Inter Bratislava | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2004–2009 | Inter Bratislava | 24 | (0) |
| 2009–2010 | Senica | 0 | (0) |
| 2010–2014 | Žilina | 62 | (0) |
| 2015–2017 | Slovan Bratislava | 12 | (0) |
| 2016 | Skalica (loan) | 13 | (0) |
| 2017 | Mezőkövesd | 0 | (0) |
| 2018 | Karviná | 0 | (0) |
| 2018–2019 | ViOn Zlaté Moravce | 14 | (0) |
| 2019 | ŠK Vrakuňa |  |  |
| 2020 | SC Kittsee | 0 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 19:42, 26 October 2020 (UTC) | | | |


title: Martin MacInnes

abstract: Martin MacInnes is a Scottish author of three novels including Infinite Ground (2016), which won the Somerset Maugham Award, and In Ascension (2023). His work often delves into themes of the human condition in the 21st century, weaving narratives that reflect on the tensions between digital advancement and ecological devastation. MacInnes's work is known for its blend of science fiction and everyday life, earning him the label of "the best experimentalist now working" from The Times.

text:
# Martin MacInnes

**Martin MacInnes** (born 1983) is a Scottish author of three novels including *Infinite Ground* (2016), which won the Somerset Maugham Award, and *In Ascension* (2023). His work often delves into themes of the human condition in the 21st century, weaving narratives that reflect on the tensions between digital advancement and ecological devastation. MacInnes's work is known for its blend of science fiction and everyday life, earning him the label of "the best experimentalist now working" from *The Times*.

## Career

MacInnes was born in 1983. His short story "Our Disorder" won the Manchester Fiction Prize. His debut novel, *Infinite Ground*, won the Somerset Maugham Award.

His second novel, *Gathering Evidence*, was published in 2020. The novel is recognized as an "exquisitely crafted and unsettling story" presenting a prescient vision of the risks of ecological catastrophe, technological dependence, and social isolation.

Macinnes was a Royal Literary Fund fellow at the University of Dundee from 2020 to 2022. His third novel, *In Ascension*, was published in 2023, and has been called "a far-reaching epic that blends a deep scientific knowledge with a wide-eyed wonder at our place in the universe." It was longlisted for the Booker Prize and won the 2023 Blackwell's Book of the Year and the Saltire Fiction Book of the Year. In 2024, In Ascension was the winner of the Arthur C Clarke award.

## Books

* *Infinite Ground* (Atlantic, 2016)
* *Gathering Evidence* (Atlantic, 2020)
* *In Ascension* (Atlantic, 2023)

## InfoBox

| Martin MacInnes | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1983 (age 4041)
Scotland |
| Occupation | Author |
| Period | 2016–present |
| Genre |  |
| Notable works | * *Infinite Ground* * *Gathering Evidence* * *In Ascension* |
| Notable awards | * Scottish Book Trust New Writers Award 2014 * Manchester Fiction Prize 2014 * Somerset Maugham Award
2017 *Infinite Ground*
 * Blackwell's Book of the Year 2023, *In Ascension* * Saltire Award for Fiction 2023, *In Ascension* |
| Website | |
| martinmacinnes.com | |


title: Martin Wiberg

abstract: Martin Wiberg was a Swedish inventor. He enrolled at Lund University in 1845 and became a Doctor of Philosophy in 1850. He is known as a computer pioneer for his c. 1859 (1857-1860) invention of a machine the size of a sewing machine that could print logarithmic tables. The logarithmic tables were subsequently published in English, French and German in 1876. The device was investigated by the French academy of science which also wrote an extensive report on it in 1863. The device was inspired by the similar work done by Per Georg Scheutz and has similarities with Charles Babbage's difference engine.. The device is preserved at Tekniska museet of Sweden in Stockholm. Wiberg failed to sell his machine, and also failed to sell the output tables due to their bad looks. Apart from this invention, Wiberg invented numerous other devices and gadgets, among these a cream separator and a pulse jet engine. None of these were commercially successful.

text:
# Martin Wiberg

**Martin Wiberg** (4 September 1826 – 29 December 1905) was a Swedish inventor. He enrolled at Lund University in 1845 and became a Doctor of Philosophy in 1850.

He is known as a computer pioneer for his c. 1859 (1857-1860) invention of a machine the size of a sewing machine that could print logarithmic tables (first interest tables appeared in 1860, logarithmic in 1875). The logarithmic tables were subsequently published in English, French and German in 1876. The device was investigated by the French academy of science which also wrote an extensive report on it in 1863. The device was inspired by the similar work done by Per Georg Scheutz (had the same capacity: 15-digit numbers and fourth-order differences) and has similarities with Charles Babbage's difference engine. (Scheutz machine was based on the difference engine). The device is preserved at Tekniska museet (The Technical Museum) of Sweden in Stockholm. Wiberg failed to sell his machine, and also failed to sell the output tables due to their bad looks.

Apart from this invention, Wiberg invented numerous other devices and gadgets, among these a cream separator and a pulse jet engine. None of these were commercially successful.

1. "Original Documents on the History of Calculators". *ajmdeman.awardspace.info* (in French). C. Delaunay, "Rapport sur une machine a calculer présentée par M. Wiberg", Comptes Rendus des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences 56 (1863) 330-339. Retrieved 2017-08-26.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: others (link)
2. Campbell-Kelly, Martin (2003-10-02). *The History of Mathematical Tables: From Sumer to Spreadsheets*. pp. 131–132: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780198508410. `{{cite book}}`: External link in ``|location=`` (help)CS1 maint: location (link)
3. Merzbach, Uta C.; Zoology, Smithsonian Contributions To; Ripley, S. Dillon; Merzbach, Uta C. *First Printing Calculator*. pp. 32–33. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.639.3286.
4. "Räknemaskin" \[Calculator\]. *digitaltmuseum.se* (in Swedish). Retrieved 2017-08-26.
5. Nordisk familjebok, Uggleupplagan, page 202
6. Hallberg, Tord Jöran: *IT-Gryning - Svensk datahistoria från 1840- till 1960-talet*, page 17, ISBN 978-91-44-03501-7
7. "History of Computers and Computing, Babbage, Next differential engines, Wiberg". *history-computer.com*. Retrieved 2017-08-26.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| Martin Wiberg | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | (1826-09-04)4 September 1826<br>Viby, Kristianstad, Scania, Sweden |
| Died | 29 December 1905(1905-12-29) (aged 79) |
| Nationality | Swedish |
| Occupation | Inventor |


title: Mary Bucci Bush

abstract: Mary Bucci Bush is an American author and a professor of English and creative writing at California State University, Los Angeles. Bush won a PEN/Nelson Algren award for her collection of short stories, A Place of Light, in 1987; a National Endowment for the Arts creative writing fellowship in 1995; and the Tillie Olsen Book Prize from the Working Class Studies Association for her novel, Sweet Hope, in 2012.

text:
# Mary Bucci Bush

**Mary Bucci Bush** (born 1949) is an American author and a professor of English and creative writing at California State University, Los Angeles.

Bush won a PEN/Nelson Algren award for her collection of short stories, *A Place of Light*, in 1987; a National Endowment for the Arts creative writing fellowship in 1995; and the Tillie Olsen Book Prize from the Working Class Studies Association for her novel, *Sweet Hope*, in 2012.

## Biography

She was born and raised in Canastota, New York. The family name was changed to Bush by American schoolteachers who had trouble pronouncing Bucci. After receiving a B.A. in English at the State University of New York at Buffalo in 1972, Bush earned her M.A. and D.A. in creative writing at Syracuse University, where she studied under George P. Elliott and Raymond Carver. She taught at Syracuse University and Hamilton College. In 1984 she co-founded the Community Writers Project in Syracuse with fellow novelist Rachel Guido deVries.

Her fiction has appeared in literary journals such as *Ploughshares*, *The Missouri Review*, *The Black Warrior Review*, and *Italian Americana*; and in anthologies such as *The Voices We Carry: Recent Italian American Women's Fiction* (Guernica, 2007), *Growing Up Ethnic in America* (Penguin, 1999), and *The Milk of Almonds: Italian American Women Writers on Food and Culture* (Feminist Press at CUNY, 2017).

Her most recent novel, *Sweet Hope* (Guernica Editions, 2011), tells the story of Italian and African-American families living and working together on a Mississippi Delta cotton plantation in the early 1900s. It was inspired by the experiences of Bush's grandmother, who worked on the Sunnyside Plantation in Arkansas as a child.

## InfoBox

| Mary Bucci Bush | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1949 (age 7475)
Canastota, New York, U.S. |
| Nationality | American |
| Education | State University of New York at Buffalo
Syracuse University |
| Genre | Fiction |
| Notable works | *Sweet Hope* |
| Website | |
| www.marybuccibush.com | |


title: Marvin Musquin

abstract: Marvin Musquin is a French retired professional motocross and supercross racer. He competed in the Motocross World Championships from 2004 to 2010 and the AMA Motocross Championships from 2011 to 2023. He is a two-time MX2 World Champion & the 2015 250cc AMA Supercross East Champion.

text:
# Marvin Musquin

**Marvin Musquin** (born 30 December 1989 in La Réole, France) is a French retired professional motocross and supercross racer. He competed in the Motocross World Championships from 2004 to 2010 and the AMA Motocross Championships from 2011 to 2023. He is a two-time MX2 World Champion & the 2015 250cc AMA Supercross East Champion.

## Motocross career

### 2004-2008

In 2004, Musquin won the European Motocross Championship in the 85cc class. He followed this by winning the 2006 125cc Junior World Championship. He competed on a privateer Honda in the 2008 F.I.M. MX2-GP world championship, finishing in 14th place.

### 2009-2010

Musquin won the 2009 F.I.M. MX2-GP World Championship and, successfully defended his title in 2010 while riding for the KTM factory racing team managed by former world champion Stefan Everts.

### 2011-2015

Since 2011, Musquin has competed in the 250cc class of the AMA Motocross Championship, finishing the 2013 season in third place overall. In 2014 he won the first Red Bull Straight Rhythm in the 250cc class. In 2015 he won the East Supercross 250MX class Championship. Musquin was also a member of the victorious French 2015 Motocross des Nations team that included Gautier Paulin and Romain Febvre.

### 2016-2018

In 2016, Musquin finished third behind Ken Roczen and Eli Tomac in the AMA pro Motocross championship. In 2017, he finished second 17 points behind Eli Tomac in the Motocross Championship. He finished 2nd 9 points behind Jason Anderson in the 2018 Monster Energy AMA 450 Supercross Championship.

Musquin previously trained under the stewardship of professional motocross trainer Aldon Baker.

## AMA Supercross/Motocross/MX2 Results

| Year | Rnd
1 | Rnd
2 | Rnd
3 | Rnd
4 | Rnd
5 | Rnd
6 | Rnd
7 | Rnd
8 | Rnd
9 | Rnd
10 | Rnd
11 | Rnd
12 | Rnd
13 | Rnd
14 | Rnd
15 | Rnd
16 | Rnd
17 | Average
Finish | Podium
Percent | Place |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2009 MX2 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 7 | 3 | 11 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | OUT | 1 | 9 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 3.35 | 79% | 1st |
| 2010 MX2 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 10 | - | - | 2.60 | 73% | 1st |
| 2011 250 MX | 5 | 40 | OUT | OUT | OUT | OUT | OUT | 14 | 6 | 6 | 3 | 3 | - | - | - | - | - | 11.00 | 29% | 13th |
| ~2012 250 SX-W | 4 | 2 | 19 | 2 | 3 | 16 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2 | 5 | 5 | 6.44 | 44% | 3rd |
| 2012 250 MX | 9 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 7 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 5 | 3 | - | - | - | - | - | 4.83 | 17% | 5th |
| 2013 250 SX-E | - | - | - | - | - | - | 6 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | - | - | 3 | 2.56 | 78% | 2nd |
| 2013 250 MX | 4 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 8 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 8 | 7 | 7 | - | - | - | - | - | 4.33 | 42% | 3rd |
| 2014 250 MX | 8 | 7 | 5 | 7 | 5 | 2 | 10 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 5 | - | - | - | - | - | 4.67 | 42% | 4th |
| 2015 250 SX-E | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1.22 | 100% | 1st |
| 2015 250 MX | 2 | 1 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 10 | - | - | - | - | - | 3.33 | 67% | 2nd |
| 2016 450 SX | 14 | 9 | 9 | 3 | 9 | 7 | 6 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 17 | OUT | OUT | 10 | 7 | 21 | 8.06 | 33% | 7th |
| 2016 450 MX | 8 | 9 | 14 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 4 | - | - | - | - | - | 5.17 | 42% | 3rd |
| 2017 450 SX | 3 | 3 | 2 | 9 | 9 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 13 | OUT | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 22 | 5.18 | 63% | 3rd |
| 2017 450 MX | 2 | 1 | 2 | 11 | 14 | 3 | 12 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | - | - | - | - | - | 4.33 | 75% | 2nd |
| 2018 450 SX | 1 | OUT | 13 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3.12 | 75% | 2nd |
| 2018 450 MX | 2 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 3 | - | - | - | - | - | 2.33 | 92% | 2nd |
| 2019 450 SX | 8 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 3.41 | 71% | 3rd |
| 2019 450 MX | 6 | 2 | 5 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 9 | - | - | - | - | - | 3.75 | 58% | 3rd |
| 2020 450 SX | OUT | OUT | OUT | OUT | OUT | OUT | OUT | OUT | OUT | OUT | OUT | OUT | OUT | OUT | OUT | OUT | OUT | - | - | - |
| 2020 450 MX | 4 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 5 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 4.00 | 33% | 4th |
| 2021 450 SX | 3 | 6 | 13 | 10 | 11 | 3 | 7 | 2 | DNF | OUT | OUT | DNF | 7 | 7 | 9 | 1 | 2 | 6.23 | 38% | 9th |
| 2021 450 MX | 7 | 9 | 8 | 14 | 8 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 7 | OUT | OUT | OUT | - | - | - | - | - | 7.44 | 11% | 7th |
| 2022 450 SX | 4 | 8 | 10 | 6 | 7 | 5 | 3 | 14 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 10 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 5.58 | 35% | 4th |

## Personal life

Musquin married his long-time girlfriend, Mathilde, on 13 September 2019. They have one child together, a daughter born in December 2022.

## InfoBox

| Marvin Musquin | |
| --- | --- |
| Musquin in 2021 | |
| Nationality | French |
| Born | 30 December 1989 (1989-12-30) (age 34)
La Réole, France |
| Motocross career | |
| Years active | 2004–2023 |
| Teams | •Red Bull KTM Factory Racing (2009-2023) |
| Championships | * •2009 MX2  * •2010 MX2  * •2015 AMA Supercross 250cc East |
| Wins | * •MX2: 14  * •AMA 450cc Supercross: 10  * •AMA 450cc Motocross: 9  * •AMA 250cc Supercross: 11  * •AMA 250cc Motocross: 8 |
| GP debut | 2005, GP of Germany, Teutschenthal, MX1 |
| First GP win | 2009, GP of Bulgaria, MX2 |


title: Mary Pennington (Updike) Weatherall

abstract: Mary Pennington (Updike) Weatherall was a visual artist and the first wife of John Updike. Many of Updike's early characters were modeled after her, particularly in his short stories about the Maple family and his novel Couples. Weatherall was the mother of artist Elizabeth Updike Cobblah and writer David Updike, and the maternal aunt of poet Molly Fisk.

text:
# Mary Pennington (Updike) Weatherall

**Mary Pennington (Updike) Weatherall** (January 26, 1930 - February 25, 2018) was a visual artist and the first wife of John Updike. Many of Updike's early characters were modeled after her, particularly in his short stories about the Maple family and his novel *Couples*. Weatherall was the mother of artist Elizabeth Updike Cobblah and writer David Updike, and the maternal aunt of poet Molly Fisk.

## Early life and education

Mary Entwistle Pennington was born on January 26, 1930, in Braintree, Massachusetts, to Unitarian minister Leslie Talbot Pennington and Elizabeth Entwistle Daniels, a Latin teacher. She had one sibling, a younger sister, Antoinette Pennington Fisk, and they grew up in Cambridge, where Weatherall attended the Shady Hill School and Buckingham Browne & Nichols School where she played field hockey and enjoyed ice skating. Weatherall graduated from Radcliffe College in 1952.

## Life with John Updike

In 1953 she married John Updike, a Harvard student, who she met during an art class her senior year. After his graduation, they both studied art at Oxford University's Ruskin School of Drawing, where their first child, Elizabeth, was born. They lived in New York for two years while John wrote for the *New Yorker* and then moved to Ipswich, Massachusetts, in 1957, where they raised their four children, Elizabeth, David, Michael, and Miranda. Weatherall was active in the Civil Rights movement and participated in the 1965 Selma to Montgomery marches. She and Updike separated in 1974 and divorced in 1976.

## Later life and career

After her divorce, she worked for *Atlantic Monthly* reading poetry and studied at Montserrat College of Art. In 1982, she married longtime family friend Robert Weatherall. A recent widower, Weatherall had started as an academic in England and continued his career at MIT. Mary was a popular landscape painter as well as being active in the civil rights movement, participating in one of the Selma marches.

Shortly after celebrating her 88th birthday with family at the historic Hart House, Weatherall came down with pneumonia. Her children, seven grandchildren, and great-grandson gathered before she died in her home on February 25, 2018. Many of her papers are held at Harvard University.


title: Mary Phinney von Olnhausen

abstract: Baroness Mary Phinney von Olnhausen (1818–1902) was an American nurse, abolitionist, and diarist. Historians look to the book extracted from her diaries -- "Adventures of an Army Nurse in Two Wars" to understand the medical techniques of the Civil War.

text:
# Mary Phinney von Olnhausen

**Baroness Mary Phinney von Olnhausen** (1818–1902) was an American nurse, abolitionist, and diarist. Historians look to the book extracted from her diaries -- *"Adventures of an Army Nurse in Two Wars"* to understand the medical techniques of the Civil War.

## Early life

Born in Lexington, Massachusetts to Elias and Catherine Bartlett Phinney, a lawyer and her mother the daughter of a doctor, Phinney was well educated at several academies.

## Family

When her father died in 1849 at age 69, the farm was sold and she "sought employment as a designer of print goods" at the Manchester Mills company in Massachusetts.

Baron Gustav Adolph von Olnhausen (born in 1809) left Saxony after the German revolutions of 1848–1849 and also due to financial troubles, which led him to sell of his property. In the 1850s He was making a meager living as a chemist in a dye-house of the Manchester Mills, where he met **Mary Phinney**.

They married on May 1, 1858 (she was 40 years old at the time) and he died two years later in 1860.

## American Civil War

During the American Civil War, von Olnhausen served as a nurse at the Mansion House Hospital in Alexandria, Virginia and Mansfield General Hospital at Morehead, North Carolina. After the war, she was discharged in August 1865, returning home to help raise her brother's children in Illinois.

## Franco-Prussian War

With the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War in 1870, she volunteered to serve as a nurse with the Prussian Army and was accepted on the basis of being the Baroness von Olnhausen. She served in field hospitals in Meung and Vendome.

## Awards

Mary Phinney was awarded a Cross of Merit for Women and Girls in 1873 by Kaiser Wilhelm I, which is similar to an Iron Cross. She died in Boston in April, 1902.

The book Adventures of an Army Nurse in Two Wars was edited in 1903 by James Phinney Munroe and published in 1904. It is based on the diaries and correspondence of Mary Phinney von Olnhausen. The first part of the book talks about the lives of the people that worked in the Mansion House Hospital in Alexandria as well as her work at the Mansfield General Hospital at Morehead, North Carolina. The second part discusses her work as a nurse again in 1870 in the Franco-Prussian War.

In 2015, the *PBS Masterpiece Theatre* produced *Mercy Street*, a fictional mini series portraying life in the Mansion House Hospital where Phinney was stationed. The show relied heavily on her diaries and portrays Phinney as the lead character, played by Mary Elizabeth Winstead.

## Further reading

* Toler, Pamela D., and Ridley Scott. *Heroines of Mercy Street: The Real Nurses of the Civil War*. New York : Little, Brown and Company, 2016.

## InfoBox

| Mary Phinney von Olnhausen | |
| --- | --- |
| Image of Phinney from the frontispiece of her posthumously published diaries. Phinney was in her mid to late forties during the Civil War. | |
| Born | 1818 (1818)
Lexington, Massachusetts, U.S. |
| Died | April 1902 (aged 8384)
Boston, Massachusetts, U.S. |
| Nationality | American |
| Occupation | Nurse |
| Known for | Diarist who recorded 19th Century medical techniques |
| Spouse | Baron Gustav Adolph von Olnhausen |
| Parent(s) | Elias and Catherine Bartlett Phinney |


title: Mary Ann Winkowski

abstract: Mary Ann Winkowski is a television personality whose paranormal experiences are the basis for CBS's Ghost Whisperer, on which she was also a paid producer. She currently resides in North Royalton, Ohio. Winkowski is often paid to attend funerals to help relatives have one last conversation with a loved one. Her books include As Alive, So Dead (ISBN 1-929309-07-4) and When Ghosts Speak (ISBN 978-0-446-58118-9).There have been things said by the actor Jamie Kennedy of Ghost Whisperer. He said, "I really don't believe in all this ghost stuff. I'm just happy to be paid." Winkowski and Kennedy have what Kennedy calls a "Battle of the Ghosts."

text:
# Mary Ann Winkowski

**Mary Ann Winkowski** is a television personality whose paranormal experiences are the basis for CBS's *Ghost Whisperer*, on which she was also a paid producer. She currently resides in North Royalton, Ohio. Winkowski is often paid to attend funerals to help relatives have one last conversation with a loved one. Her books include *As Alive, So Dead* (ISBN 1-929309-07-4) and *When Ghosts Speak* (ISBN 978-0-446-58118-9).There have been things said by the actor Jamie Kennedy of Ghost Whisperer. He said, "I really don't believe in all this ghost stuff. I'm just happy to be paid." Winkowski and Kennedy have what Kennedy calls a "Battle of the Ghosts."


title: Mary Ann Yates

abstract: Mary Ann Yates (1728–1787) was an English tragic actress. The daughter of William Graham, a ship's steward and his wife, Mary, she married Richard Yates, a well-known comedian of the time. In 1754, aged 25, she appeared at Drury Lane as Marcia in Samuel Crisp's Virginia. David Garrick played the part of Virginius. Yates was gradually entrusted with all the leading parts and succeeded the then famous actress Mrs Cibber as the leading tragedienne of the English stage. She was in turn succeeded and eclipsed by the famous Sarah Siddons. There were benefit performances for Yates in 1797 at The Haymarket which included an appearance by Harriett Litchfield.

text:
# Mary Ann Yates

**Mary Ann Yates** (1728–1787) was an English tragic actress. The daughter of William Graham, a ship's steward and his wife, Mary, she married Richard Yates (c. 1706-1796), a well-known comedian of the time.

In 1754, aged 25, she appeared at Drury Lane as Marcia in Samuel Crisp's *Virginia*. David Garrick played the part of Virginius. Yates was gradually entrusted with all the leading parts and succeeded the then famous actress Mrs Cibber as the leading tragedienne of the English stage. She was in turn succeeded and eclipsed by the famous Sarah Siddons.

There were benefit performances for Yates in 1797 at The Haymarket which included an appearance by Harriett Litchfield.

## Selected roles


title: María José Poves

abstract: María José Poves Novella is a Spanish race walker.

text:
# María José Poves

**María José Poves Novella** (born 16 March 1978 in Zaragoza) is a Spanish race walker.

## Achievements

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Representing  Spain | | | | | |
| 2004 | World Race Walking Cup | Naumburg, Germany | 33rd | 20 km | 1:32:32 |
| 2005 | World Championships | Helsinki, Finland | 28th | 20 km | 1:36:12 |
| 2006 | World Race Walking Cup | A Coruña, Spain | 18th | 20 km | 1:32:05 |
| | European Championships | Gothenburg, Sweden | 19th | 20 km | 1:35:03 |
| 2007 | World Championships | Osaka, Japan | 12th | 20 km | 1:35:06 |
| 2008 | World Race Walking Cup | Cheboksary, Russia | 8th | 20 km | 1:29:31 |
| | Olympic Games | Beijing, PR China | 17th | 20 km | 1:30:52 |
| 2010 | World Race Walking Cup | Chihuahua, México | 10th | 20 km | 1:35:38 |
| 2011 | European Race Walking Cup | Olhão, Portugal | 8th | 20 km | 1:32:36 |
| | | | 2nd | Team - 20 km | 22 pts |
| | World Championships | Daegu, South Korea |  | 20 km | DQ |
| 2012 | World Race Walking Cup | Saransk, Russia | 3rd | 20 km | 1:29:10 |
| | Olympic Games | London, Great Britain | 12th | 20 km | 1:29:36 |
| 2014 | World Race Walking Cup | Taicang, China | 15th | 20 km | 1:28:46 |
| 2015 | European Race Walking Cup | Murcia, Spain | 18th | 20 km | 1:31:16 |
| | | | 5th | Team - 20 km | 39 pts |
| | World Championships | Beijing, China | 10th | 20 km walk | 1:31:06 |

## InfoBox

María José Poves
| Poves in 2014 | |
| --- | --- |
| Personal information | |
| Born | (1978-03-16) 16 March 1978 |
| Height | 1.68 m (5 ft 6 in) |
| Weight | 52 kg (115 lb) |
| Sport | |
| Country | Spain |
| Sport | Athletics |
| Event | 20km Race Walk |


title: Masahiko Togashi

abstract: Masahiko Togashi was a Japanese jazz percussionist and composer. Togashi grew up in a musical household; his father was a double-bassist in a swing jazz ensemble, and Togashi learned violin and drums, playing the latter in his father's band. He worked with Sadao Watanabe, Toshiko Akiyoshi, and Tony Scott in the 1950s, then founded the ensemble Jazz Academy in 1961 with Hideto Kanai, Masabumi Kikuchi, and Masayuki Takayanagi. Togashi was an early free jazz leader in Japan: his 1965 quartet with Kazunori Takeda, Yosuke Yamashita and Kuniro Takimoto used words as triggers for each player to perform his thoughts about that word. Togashi and Yamashita were part of Watanabe's band in 1966, but Yamashita and Togashi disagreed about rhythms, leading to the pianist leaving. Togashi also performed with American musicians such as Ornette Coleman, Blue Mitchell, Lee Morgan, and Sonny Rollins on Japanese tours. Early in 1969, Togashi and Hiroshi Suzuki co-led a quintet that recorded the album Variation. Another Togashi album from the same year – the quartet We Now Create – was described by critic Teruto Soejima as "a masterpiece of four individuals intensely exploring the true natures of their instruments". Late that year, he recorded duets with Mototeru Takagi for the soundtrack to the experimental film A.K.A. Serial Killer. An edited version of the soundtrack was released as Isolation by Colombia Records. Togashi permanently lost the use of his legs in an accident in 1970 and played only percussion until the mid-1970s when he resumed on drums. Later associations included performing or recording with Paul Bley, Don Cherry, Jack DeJohnette, Charlie Haden, Steve Lacy, Gary Peacock, Masahiko Sato, and Yuji Takahashi.

text:
# Masahiko Togashi

**Masahiko Togashi** (富樫 雅彦, *Togashi Masahiko*, 22 March 1940 in Tokyo – 22 August 2007 in Kanagawa) was a Japanese jazz percussionist and composer.

Togashi grew up in a musical household; his father was a double-bassist in a swing jazz ensemble, and Togashi learned violin and drums, playing the latter in his father's band. He worked with Sadao Watanabe, Toshiko Akiyoshi, and Tony Scott in the 1950s, then founded the ensemble Jazz Academy in 1961 with Hideto Kanai, Masabumi Kikuchi, and Masayuki Takayanagi. Togashi was an early free jazz leader in Japan: his 1965 quartet with Kazunori Takeda, Yosuke Yamashita and Kuniro Takimoto used words as triggers for each player to perform his thoughts about that word. Togashi and Yamashita were part of Watanabe's band in 1966, but Yamashita and Togashi disagreed about rhythms, leading to the pianist leaving. Togashi also performed with American musicians such as Ornette Coleman, Blue Mitchell, Lee Morgan, and Sonny Rollins on Japanese tours. Early in 1969, Togashi and Hiroshi Suzuki co-led a quintet that recorded the album *Variation*. Another Togashi album from the same year – the quartet *We Now Create* – was described by critic Teruto Soejima as "a masterpiece of four individuals intensely exploring the true natures of their instruments". Late that year, he recorded duets with Mototeru Takagi for the soundtrack to the experimental film *A.K.A. Serial Killer*. An edited version of the soundtrack was released as *Isolation* by Colombia Records.

Togashi permanently lost the use of his legs in an accident in 1970 and played only percussion until the mid-1970s when he resumed on drums. Later associations included performing or recording with Paul Bley, Don Cherry, Jack DeJohnette, Charlie Haden, Steve Lacy, Gary Peacock, Masahiko Sato, and Yuji Takahashi.

## Discography

### As leader/co-leader

* *Variation* (Takt, 1969)
* *We Now Create* (Victor, 1969)
* *Canto of Aries* with New Herd (Columbia, 1971)
* *Isolation* with Mototeru Takagi (Columbia, 1971) - recorded 1969
* *Poesy : The Man Who Keeps Washing His Hands* with Masabumi Kikuchi, Gary Peacock (Philips, 1971)
* *Ginparis Session (銀巴里セッション)* with Masayuki Takayanagi (TBM, 1972) - recorded 1963
* *Sohsyoh (双晶)* with Masahiko Satoh (Trio, 1973)
* *Song for Myself* with Sadao Watanabe, Masahiko Satoh, Masabumi Kikuchi (East Wind, 1974)
* *Spiritual Nature* (East Wind, 1975)
* *Guild For Human Music* (Denon Jazz, 1976)
* *Rings* (East Wind, 1976) - solo
* *Session In Paris, Vol. 1 "Song Of Soil"* (Paddle Wheel, 1979)
* *Kizashi ()* with Yosuke Yamashita (Next Wave, 1980)
* *Valencia* with Takashi Kako (Trio, 1980)
* *Tidal Wave (津波)* with Richard Beirach (Trio, 1980)
* *The face of percussion* (Paddle Wheel, 1981) - recorded 1980
* *The Ballad My Favorite* (Paddle Wheel, 1981)
* *Spiritual Moments*  (Paddle Wheel, 1982)
* *Contrast*with Lauren Newton and Peter Kowald (Paddle Wheel, 1983)
* *Eternal duo* with Steve Lacy (Paddle Wheel, 1983) - recorded 1981, CD version (DIW, 2015)
* *Pulsation* with Masayuki Takayanagi (Paddle Wheel, 1983)
* *Breath* with Hozan Yamamoto, Yōsuke Yamashita (Denon, 1984)
* *Ayers Rock* with Richie Beirach, Terumasa Hino (Polydor, 1985)
* *Bura Bura* (Pan Music, 1986) - live
* *Scene* (Cornelius, 1987)
* *Place - Space Who* (Egg Farm, 1987)
* *Wave* with Gary Peacock and Masahiko Satoh (East Wind, 1987)
* *Wave II* with Gary Peacock and Masahiko Satoh (East Wind, 1988)
* *Wave III* with Gary Peacock and Masahiko Satoh (NEC Avenue, 1988)
* *Essence of Jazz* (Art Union, 1990)
* *Senza Tempo* with Haruna Miyake, Yuji Takahashi, Jean-François and Jenny-Clark (Egg Farm, 1990)
* *Concerto* with Masabumi Kikuchi (Ninety-One, 1991)
* *Twilight* with Steve Lacy (Ninety-One, 1992) - recorded 1991
* *Passing in the silence* (AMJ, 1993) - solo
* *Triple Helix* with Terumasa Hino, Masabumi Kikuchi (Enja, 1993)
* *Richard Beirach - Terumasa Hino - Masahiko Togashi* (Konnex, 1993)
* *Eternal Duo ’95* with Steve Lacy (Take One, 1996) - recorded 1995
* *Inter-Action: Live At Hall Egg Farm On December 9, 1995* (Take One, 1996) - recorded 1995
* *Update: Live At Pit Inn Shinjuku On December 16, 1995* (Take One, 1996) - recorded 1995
* *Asian Spirits* with Kang Tae Hwan and Masahiko Satoh (AD.forte, 1996)
* *Moment Aug,15* (BAJ Records, 1997)
* *Freedom Joy* with Richie Beirach (Trial, 1998) - recorded 1997
* *Live at Dolphy* (Trial, 1998)
* *Passing In The Silence* (Transheart, 2000)
* *Contrast* with Masahiko Satoh (EWE, 2002)
* *Live at Köln* (JamRice, 2004) - recorded 2002
* *Inductions* with Masahiko Satoh (BAJ, 2009)

**Bibliography**

* Soejima, Teruto (2018) \[2002\]. *Free Jazz in Japan: A Personal History*. Translated by Kato, David Hopkins. Public Bath Press. ISBN 978-4-9908636-5-4.

## InfoBox

| Masahiko Togashi | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1940-03-22)March 22, 1940
Tokyo, Japan |
| Died | August 22, 2007(2007-08-22) (aged 67)
Kanagawa, Japan |
| Genres | Jazz |
| Occupation(s) | Musician, composer |
| Instrument | Percussion |
| Years active | 1954–1969, 1973-2002 |


title: Masbrough boat disaster

abstract: The Masbrough boat disaster was a disaster that occurred in a boatyard on the River Don in Masbrough, Yorkshire, now a suburb of Rotherham, on 5 July 1841. The disaster occurred during the launching of a new boat: sixty-four people, mainly children were drowned in the river.

text:
# Masbrough boat disaster

The **Masbrough boat disaster** (also known as the **Rotherham boat disaster** and the **Masbrough ship disaster**) was a disaster that occurred in a boatyard on the River Don in Masbrough, Yorkshire, now a suburb of Rotherham, on 5 July 1841. The disaster occurred during the launching of a new boat: sixty-four people, mainly children were drowned in the river.

## Events

The disaster took place at the launching of the sea-going riverboat the *John and William* from Chambers' boatyard on the Masbrough side of the River Don. The boat was built for Messrs. Henry and Edward Cadnam of Pitsmoor, Sheffield. On the occasion of the launching of a boat it was common to invite local people to celebrate the launch. Local teachers and schoolchildren came along and a gala was planned. It was customary at this yard to invite people to stand on the boat during the launch to enjoy the rush into the water. Upwards of 100 people (some accounts say 150), mainly children from 11 to 16, were standing upon the boat during the launch.

Owing to the narrow river channel, boats at this yard were launched sideways. As the boat slid down the slipway towards the water, the people on board rushed towards the river side of the boat to get a better view of the boat hitting the water. This caused the boat to overbalance on its keel, throwing the people on the deck into the river. The boat landed on top of many of the people who had been thrown into the river, drowning them. Although members of the gathering managed to rescue some, sixty-four people died in the disaster, either instantly, or not long after being retrieved from the river. Fifty of those who died were children. Several families lost two or even three members.

The losses cut across social classes. Several of the children who died were the sons of wealthy local businessmen, including sons of both partners of the iron founders Yates Haywood. Indeed, one casualty had just turned 21 and come into significant property. The majority, however, were children of ordinary families of the local area.

## Aftermath

A grand jury was sitting at Rotherham on the day of disaster. This was adjourned after news of the disaster reached them so that the gentlemen sitting on the jury could survey the scene of the disaster.

The later coroner's inquest sat at the Angel Inn in Rotherham. They spent the first four hours going from house to house to see the bodies of the dead. After that evidence was heard from various witnesses. The jury found that the disaster was an accident.

After the disaster £200 was raised to assist with relieving the poorer bereaved families, and to build a memorial to the dead.

## Memorials

Memorials to the disaster were built next the Walker mausoleum in Masbrough, and in the Rotherham parish church (now Rotherham Minster). The Masbrough memorial along with the mausoleum is now in a state of disrepair and is subject to a local appeal for renovation.


title: Mary Virginia McCormick

abstract: Mary Virginia McCormick was a wealthy American philanthropist who donated to humanitarian causes in the United States and Canada in the early twentieth century. She was a member of the McCormick family who had schizophrenia and a reclusive lifestyle.

text:
# Mary Virginia McCormick

**Mary Virginia McCormick** (May 5, 1861 – May 24, 1941) was a wealthy American philanthropist who donated to humanitarian causes in the United States and Canada in the early twentieth century. She was a member of the McCormick family who had schizophrenia and a reclusive lifestyle.

## Biography

### Childhood and adolescence

Born in Chicago, Illinois on May 5, 1861, Mary Virginia McCormick was the eldest daughter of Nancy Maria "Nettie" Fowler McCormick and Cyrus Hall McCormick, the American inventor of the mechanical reaper and industrialist who founded the McCormick Harvesting Machine Company in 1847. She was the couple's second child, born two years after her brother, Cyrus McCormick Jr.

In July 1862, she sailed with her family across the Atlantic aboard the SS *Scotia* to Liverpool, England, and lived with her mother in London while her father toured the United Kingdom, France and Germany to exhibit his farming invention. When the McCormicks returned to the United States in 1864, by mid-November they occupied a second-floor suite at the Fifth Avenue Hotel in New York City.

While staying at the hotel, Mary McCormick and her older brother were infected with scarlet fever that winter, an illness that took the life of her younger brother, Robert Fowler McCormick, on January 6, 1865. At the age of five, she lived at 40 Fifth Avenue in Lower Manhattan after her father purchased the residential property for the family in November 1866.

The McCormicks settled in Chicago after the Great Chicago Fire in October 1871, residing at 62 North Sheldon Street until the spring of 1875 and then moving to a house on 363 Superior Street. Although Mary McCormick was educated by private tutors and stayed at private boarding schools away from home, she attended Central High School, a Chicago public school on Monroe Street. In her early teenage years, she displayed musical talent and became a skilled pianist.

When the McCormicks visited Europe in the summer of 1878, the family addressed her thereafter by her middle name, Virginia. In August, she vacationed with her mother at St. Moritz, a Swiss town near the Albula Alps, while her father featured the reaper at the World's Fair in Paris. The pair then rejoined the family at the French capital in October and stayed at the Hôtel du Jardin, across from the Tuileries Garden. Mary McCormick remained with her parents and younger siblings in Paris until mid-April 1879 to care for her father as he recovered from a malignant carbuncle on the back of his neck. During her stay, she visited museums, historic places, the French opera, performances by stage actress Sarah Bernhardt and a mass at Notre-Dame Cathedral with church music led by composer Charles Gounod.

The family returned to the United States in the summer of 1879. When the McCormicks moved into their new Chicago mansion on Rush Street in late November, she was at a boarding school in New York.

### Mental illness

Mary McCormick exhibited signs of anxiety that worsened throughout her teenage years. By the age of 18, she expressed delusional ideas and hallucinated. She had frequent bouts of weeping and frantic praying. Episodes of insomnia were marked with incidents of her climbing out of windows and wandering around at night.

At the age of 19, she was diagnosed by doctors with dementia praecox. Due to her medical diagnosis, doctors declared her as insane and mentally incompetent in 1880. Her condition became worse after the death of her father on May 13, 1884. The following August, she stayed at Clayton Lodge, the McCormick family estate in Richfield Springs, New York, and after Christmas, her mother brought her to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to seek treatment under the care of Dr. Silas Weir Mitchell, a neurologist.

By 1889, she occupied a camp in the Adirondack Mountains of upstate New York and a house in the Upper West Side of Manhattan near the Hudson River, two dwellings that were provided by her mother who had employed a resident physician and household attendants to care for her. Grace Thorne Walker, a Canadian-born business secretary for the McCormick family, was the head of Mary McCormick's household and served as her nursing companion. Cyrus McCormick Jr. negotiated a three-year contract to recruit Dr. Alice Bennett, a superintendent at the Norristown State Hospital for the Insane, as Mary McCormick's attending physician in 1896 but Bennett resigned two years later after resident nurses had accused the doctor of morphine addiction.

### Mid-life in the United States and Canada

In 1897, Mary McCormick moved to the family estate at Riven Rock in Montecito, California and lived there until 1904. She stayed in Asheville, North Carolina in the summer of 1898, which became her winter residence.

The Kildare manor near Oakwood Avenue in Huntsville, Alabama, then became her winter home after her mother purchased the property from industrialist Michael Joseph O'Shaughnessy in 1900. She kept a small herd of deer on the estate and maintained a dairy that provided free milk to underprivileged children in Huntsville. On May 5 of each year, an outdoor festival was held on the grounds of her manor for hundreds of invited schoolchildren to celebrate her birthday.

Mary McCormick visited Canada in 1904 and remained in Toronto for months. She noticed the Oaklands manor on Avenue Road during her stay and her family bought the property from the family of Senator John Macdonald in November 1905 as a summer residence for her. By 1908, she occupied the estate where her home held indoor gatherings for the Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA), the Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) and the Women's Christian Medical College. The grounds of her manor held outdoor garden parties every June that raised funds for the benefit of the Girl Guides of Canada, the Toronto General Hospital and the Home and School Association of Brown Public School on Avenue Road. In June 1916, her estate had the largest fête ever held in Canada, a four-day festival that was opened by Ontario Premier William Hearst for the Canadian Red Cross Society at the mid-point of the First World War.

She visited Cohasset, Massachusetts, in 1910 and leased the Caravels manor on Nichols Road. Fond of music herself, she accommodated musicians from the Boston Symphony Orchestra during her stay at the manor that year. Her family then acquired the property from industrialist Albert Cameron Burrage the following year as her seaside residence. The Caravels manor served as a layover during her travels between Huntsville and Toronto as the McCormicks made annual family visits to Cohasset at the end of June.

### Later life in California and death

After the death of her mother on July 5, 1923, Mary McCormick moved back to California in 1924. The property at 1400 Hillcrest Avenue in Pasadena was purchased by the McCormicks from the family of oil magnate Frank Whitney Emery as her primary residence. She was placed under the care of Dr. Adolf Meyer, a psychiatrist who was retained in 1927 for five years by her younger sister, Anita McCormick Blaine.

In 1928, the McCormick family acquired a cliffside property in Los Angeles on Alma Real Drive in the Huntington Palisades community near Santa Monica that became her summer home known as the Quelindo manor. Her estate in Toronto was sold to the Brothers of the Christian Schools in 1931 for the purpose of establishing a campus for De La Salle College and her manor in Huntsville was sold at auction in 1932 and became a hotel that year.

She hired symphony orchestras to play for her and kept three musicians among her retinue of 30 household servants as she divided her time between the two California estates. In May 1938, she was ill at the Quelindo manor and unable to attend the wedding of her younger brother, Harold Fowler McCormick, to his nurse, Adah Wilson, that was held at her other home in Pasadena.

Bedridden by an illness in her final three months, Mary McCormick died at the Quelindo manor on May 24, 1941, at the age of 80. Her belongings in California were sold at auction and her net worth, after all inheritance taxes and expenses had been deducted, was US$6,550,802 in 1942. She was buried with other members of the McCormick family at Graceland Cemetery in Chicago.

## Philanthropy

Mary McCormick was endowed with a trust fund that afforded her with the means to support social activities and charitable causes. In 1904, she provided the first settlement house in Huntsville with the opening of Virginia Hall, a fifteen-room community center situated in West Huntsville. In Toronto, her donation to the YWCA allowed the charity to open the YWCA Cafeteria in August 1910, a downtown restaurant at 209 Yonge Street that offered affordable meals for women.

She pledged a donation to the Toronto Playgrounds Association in 1910 for the purpose of equipping a children's playground in the city. Cottingham Square, a public square near her Toronto home, was the original location for the playground but it was too close in proximity to the Canadian Pacific Railway line. The land of the former Grand National Rink on Brock Avenue was purchased by the city of Toronto in December 1910 which then became the site for the McCormick Playground in July 1911. Her mother and Toronto Mayor George Reginald Geary opened the McCormick Recreation Centre in September 1912 on the site of the playground at 163 Brock Avenue, a venue where Mary McCormick held annual Christmas parties for 400 children and their parents. The total of her contribution to the Toronto Playgrounds Association was CA$25,000.

During the Jim Crow era of racial segregation in the Southern United States, Mary McCormick funded the construction of a hospital in 1911 at the Alabama State Agricultural and Mechanical College, a black college in Normal, Alabama. The Virginia McCormick Hospital cost US$10,000 to build and it was the only hospital for African Americans in Madison County when it opened. She also contributed US$19,000 in the same year to erect the Councill Domestic Sciences Building on the campus, named after the college's founder William Hooper Councill, an educator who was a former slave. In February 1916, she donated US$5,000 to open a black hospital annex of the Huntsville Infirmary, an eight-room building that was furnished by her household servants and located across the street in downtown Huntsville from the segregated white hospital.

She gave US$17,500 to the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) of Huntsville. Her aid allowed the Central YMCA to open on Greene Street in February 1912 and the West Huntsville YMCA to open on Eighth Avenue in 1915. She contributed US$3,000 in 1916 to erect the West Huntsville School, an eight-room wooden schoolhouse on Ninth Street.

Mary McCormick supported the Canadian war effort during the First World War by sending CA$1,500 to the Canadian Red Cross Society, CA$5,000 to the YMCA Red Triangle Fund and 200 pairs of socks to the Ontario Red Cross Sock Fund.

## Legacy

Landmarks with her namesake include the following:

* McCormick YMCA at 3214 Eighth Avenue in Huntsville, opened from 1915 to 1983.

* Virginia McCormick Hall at 308 Buchanan Way at Alabama A&M University in Normal, Alabama, first opened as the Virginia McCormick Hospital from 1911 to 1927.

## InfoBox

| Mary Virginia McCormick | |
| --- | --- |
| Photograph of Mary V. McCormick, 1901 | |
| Born | Mary Virginia McCormick
(1861-05-05)May 5, 1861
Chicago, Illinois, U.S. |
| Died | May 24, 1941(1941-05-24) (aged 80)
Los Angeles, California, U.S. |
| Resting place | Graceland Cemetery, Chicago |
| Parent(s) | Cyrus Hall McCormick
Nancy Fowler McCormick |
| Relatives | See McCormick family |


title: Massama Asselmo

abstract: Massama Asselmo is a Chadian football player and a member of the Chad national football team.

text:
# Massama Asselmo

**Massama Asselmo** (born 1 June 1990) is a Chadian football player and a member of the Chad national football team.

## Club career

He played club football in Foullah Edifice in Chad where he won national championship in 2011, and Coupe de Ligue de N'Djaména in 2010. He wore number 15, and captained the team. In 2012, he was transferred to US Bitam, in Gabon. In 2015 he moved to O'Mbila Nziami, and in 2017 to Colombe Sportive Sangmélima in Cameroon. In the season 2017/18 he played for Ethiopian club Wolaitta Dicha.

## International career

Asselmo played in 2012 Africa Cup of Nations qualification matches against Togo home and away, Botswana home and away, Tunisia home and away, Malawi away. In a match against Botswana on 26 March 2011 he was the captain of the team. So far, he has 13 FIFA official and 5 unofficial caps and 1 unofficial goal for Chad.

## InfoBox

Massama Asselmo
|  | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | Massama Asselmo Kiliouto | | |
| Date of birth | (1990-06-01) 1 June 1990 | | |
| Place of birth | Bongor, Chad | | |
| Height | 1.85 m (6 ft 1 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Centre back | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 2007–2012 | Foullah Edifice | 95 | (9) |
| 2012–2014 | US Bitam |  |  |
| 2015–2016 | O'Mbila Nziami |  |  |
| 2017 | Colombe Sportive |  |  |
| 2017-2018 | Wolaitta Dicha |  |  |
| International career | | | |
| 2010–2015 | Chad | 13 | (0) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 31 October 2021<br>‡ National team caps and goals, correct as of 31 October 2021 | | | |