abstract: Edward Graham Paley (1823–95) was an English architect who practised for the whole of his career from an office in Lancaster, Lancashire. He was born in Easingwold, North Yorkshire, and moved to Lancaster in 1838, when he was aged 15, to join Edmund Sharpe as a pupil. Sharpe had established an architectural practice in 1835, and in 1845 he took Paley into partnership. During the following years, Sharpe developed outside interests, and from 1847 Paley was responsible for most of the firm's work, carrying out commissions independently from at least 1849. Sharpe withdrew from the practice in 1851, although it continued to trade as Sharpe and Paley until 1856. Sharpe formally retired from the partnership that year, leaving Paley as sole principal. Paley continued to work without a partner until he was joined by Hubert Austin in 1868, when the practice became known as Paley and Austin. In 1886 Paley's son, Henry Paley joined the partnership, and the name was changed to Paley, Austin and Paley, a title it retained until Edward Paley's death in 1895. This list contains the ecclesiastical works Paley undertook during the time he was the sole principal in the practice, between 1856 and 1868. There are 30 new or rebuilt churches or chapels in the list, and 18 churches that underwent restoration or alteration. During the time Paley was being trained by Sharpe the practice was involved mainly with ecclesiastical work, although it also undertook commissions for country houses and smaller projects. When Paley became sole principal, he continued to work mainly on churches, designing new ones and restoring, rebuilding, and making additions and alterations to existing churches. In almost all his designs, Paley used the Gothic Revival style, initially with Early English or Decorated features. During the early 1860s he introduced Perpendicular features. One church was built in Neo-Norman style, All Saints, Lupton, and one in Transitional style, St Matthew, Little Lever. Paley also used the Neo-Norman style for St Michael's Chapel at Lancaster Moor Hospital. Brandwood et al. consider that Paley's finest church design was that of St Peter, Lancaster, with its spire rising to 240 feet (73 m). Of his other churches, St James in Barrow-in-Furness, was described by Nikolaus Pevsner as the best church in the town. Hartwell, Hyde and Pevsner comment that St Peter, Bolton, is "formidable". Paley was an Anglican and most of his ecclesiastical work was carried out on Church of England churches: exceptions include St Mary and St Michael, Bonds, and St Peter, Lancaster, both Roman Catholic, and Clark Street Congregational Church, Morecambe. Most of the churches and chapels were built for local congregations, but Paley also designed chapels for Rossall School, and Lancaster Moor Hospital. Being based in Lancaster, Paley's commissions were mainly for works in the northwest of England, particularly in the former historical counties of Westmorland and Cumberland, and Lancashire. Further afield he restored St Cuthbert's Church, Crayke, in North Yorkshire, and designed Holy Trinity Church, Bradford, in West Yorkshire, and St Thomas' Church, Stockton Heath, in Cheshire. He also restored one church in Wales, St Garmon in Capel Garmon.

text:
# List of ecclesiastical works by E. G. Paley

Edward Graham Paley (1823–95) (usually known as E. G. Paley) was an English architect who practised for the whole of his career from an office in Lancaster, Lancashire. He was born in Easingwold, North Yorkshire, and moved to Lancaster in 1838, when he was aged 15, to join Edmund Sharpe as a pupil. Sharpe had established an architectural practice in 1835, and in 1845 he took Paley into partnership. During the following years, Sharpe developed outside interests, and from 1847 Paley was responsible for most of the firm's work, carrying out commissions independently from at least 1849. Sharpe withdrew from the practice in 1851, although it continued to trade as Sharpe and Paley until 1856. Sharpe formally retired from the partnership that year, leaving Paley as sole principal. Paley continued to work without a partner until he was joined by Hubert Austin in 1868, when the practice became known as Paley and Austin. In 1886 Paley's son, Henry Paley (who was usually known as Harry) joined the partnership, and the name was changed to Paley, Austin and Paley, a title it retained until Edward Paley's death in 1895. This list contains the ecclesiastical works Paley undertook during the time he was the sole principal in the practice, between 1856 and 1868. There are 30 new or rebuilt churches or chapels in the list, and 18 churches that underwent restoration or alteration.

During the time Paley was being trained by Sharpe the practice was involved mainly with ecclesiastical work, although it also undertook commissions for country houses and smaller projects. When Paley became sole principal, he continued to work mainly on churches, designing new ones and restoring, rebuilding, and making additions and alterations to existing churches. In almost all his designs, Paley used the Gothic Revival style, initially with Early English or Decorated features. During the early 1860s he introduced Perpendicular features. One church was built in Neo-Norman style, All Saints, Lupton, and one in Transitional style, St Matthew, Little Lever. Paley also used the Neo-Norman style for St Michael's Chapel at Lancaster Moor Hospital.

Brandwood et al. consider that Paley's finest church design was that of St Peter, Lancaster, (later Lancaster Cathedral) with its spire rising to 240 feet (73 m). Of his other churches, St James in Barrow-in-Furness, was described by Nikolaus Pevsner as the best church in the town. Hartwell, Hyde and Pevsner comment that St Peter, Bolton, is "formidable". Paley was an Anglican and most of his ecclesiastical work was carried out on Church of England churches: exceptions include St Mary and St Michael, Bonds, and St Peter, Lancaster, both Roman Catholic, and Clark Street Congregational Church, Morecambe. Most of the churches and chapels were built for local congregations, but Paley also designed chapels for Rossall School, and Lancaster Moor Hospital. Being based in Lancaster, Paley's commissions were mainly for works in the northwest of England, particularly in the former historical counties of Westmorland and Cumberland (later part of Cumbria), and Lancashire (parts of which were later incorporated into Greater Manchester and Merseyside). Further afield he restored St Cuthbert's Church, Crayke, in North Yorkshire, and designed Holy Trinity Church, Bradford, in West Yorkshire, and St Thomas' Church, Stockton Heath, in Cheshire. He also restored one church in Wales, St Garmon in Capel Garmon.

## Key

|  | Denotes a new church designed by Paley, or one completely rebuilt. |
| --- | --- |
| Grade | Criteria |
| I | Buildings of exceptional interest, sometimes considered to be internationally important |
| II\* | Particularly important buildings of more than special interest |
| II | Buildings of national importance and special interest |
| U | Not listed |

## Works

| Name | Location | Photograph | Date | Notes | Grade |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Capernwray Chapel | Over Kellet, Lancaster, Lancashire
54°08′38″N 2°42′10″W / 54.1440°N 2.7029°W / 54.1440; -2.7029 (Capernwray Chapel) |  | 1856–57 | The chapel had been built for Capernwray Hall in 1840, and was designed by Sharpe. Paley added the southwest tower and the chancel. He also replaced the west window with a new one containing Geometric tracery. | II |
| Lancaster Priory | Lancaster, Lancashire
54°03′03″N 2°48′21″W / 54.0507°N 2.8057°W / 54.0507; -2.8057 (Lancaster Priory) |  | 1856–58 | The priory had been established in 1094, and was extended and altered in the following centuries. Paley restored the chancel, removed the galleries, and added a new west organ gallery and a vestry. | I |
| Church of St Mary and St Michael | Bonds, Lancashire
53°53′51″N 2°46′16″W / 53.8974°N 2.7710°W / 53.8974; -2.7710 (Church of St Mary and St Michael, Bonds) |  | 1857–58 | This Roman Catholic church replaced a small chapel in the centre of Garstang. It consists of a nave and chancel under a continuous roof, a north aisle, a north porch, and a west tower. The tower has an embattled parapet. Attached to the tower is an octagonal stair turret with a small spirelet that rises to a greater height than the tower. The church provided seating for 600 people. | II |
| St Peter's Church (later Lancaster Cathedral) | Lancaster, Lancashire
54°02′49″N 2°47′36″W / 54.04690°N 2.79335°W / 54.04690; -2.79335 (Lancaster Cathedral) |  | 1857–59 | Originally known as St Peter's Church, this originated as a Roman Catholic parish church that contained 600 seats. It consists of a five-bay nave with a clerestory, aisles and transepts, a two-bay chancel with aisles, side chapels, and a semi-octagonal apse. At the northeast is a steeple rising to a height of 240 feet (73 m). In 1860 Paley added a font. Considered to be Paley's finest work, the church became a cathedral in 1924. | II\* |
| St George's Church | Barrow-in-Furness, Cumbria
54°06′30″N 3°13′15″W / 54.1084°N 3.2209°W / 54.1084; -3.2209 (Church of St George, Barrow-in-Furness) |  | 1859–60 | St George's Church is constructed in slate with sandstone dressings. Its main benefactors were the Duke of Buccleuch and the Duke of Devonshire. Paley added a north aisle in 1867, thereby increasing the seating to almost 1,000. The church consists of a five-bay nave with north and south aisles, south and west porches, a two-bay chancel with a chapel to the south, an organ chamber and a vestry to the north, and an embattled tower at the west end of the south aisle. | II |
| St Anne's Church | Singleton, Lancashire
53°50′16″N 2°56′10″W / 53.8379°N 2.9360°W / 53.8379; -2.9360 (Church of St Anne, Singleton) |  | 1859–60 | The church was built for Thomas Miller of Singleton Hall to replace an earlier church that was demolished in 1859. It is in Early English style, and consists of a nave, a chancel, a south transept and a northeast tower with a broach spire. | II |
| Holy Trinity Church | Blackburn, Lancashire
53°45′04″N 2°28′29″W / 53.7511°N 2.4746°W / 53.7511; -2.4746 (Holy Trinity Church, Blackburn) |  | 1860 | Holy Trinity was built in 1837–45 to a design by Sharpe. Paley reconstructed the galleries, adding 200 extra seats, introduced new stalls, and moved the organ to a new position behind the pulpit. | II |
| St Peter's Church | Quernmore, Lancashire
54°02′12″N 2°44′16″W / 54.0366°N 2.7377°W / 54.0366; -2.7377 (St Peter's Church, Quernmore) |  | 1860 | The church was built to replace a chapel of 1834. It was paid for by William Garnett of Quernmore Park, and cost about £3,000. The church is designed in the style of the 13th century, and consists of a three-bay nave, a north aisle, a north porch, a chancel, and a west tower. On the tower's northeast corner is an octagonal stair turret rising to a greater height. It was the first church designed by Paley to have a bare brick interior. | II |
| St Mary's Church | Knowsley, Merseyside
53°27′22″N 2°51′10″W / 53.4562°N 2.8528°W / 53.4562; -2.8528 (Church of St Mary, Knowsley) |  | 1860 | St Mary's was built in 1843–44 to a design by Sharpe for the 13th Earl of Derby, mainly in Early English style. Paley added transepts with windows in Decorated style, a pulpit and a desk. | II |
| Holy Trinity Church | Casterton, Cumbria
54°12′41″N 2°34′38″W / 54.2115°N 2.5771°W / 54.2115; -2.5771 (Church of the Holy Trinity, Casterton) |  | c. 1860 | The church was built in 1831–33 for Rev William Carus Wilson; the architect was probably George Webster. Paley replaced the chancel with a larger and more elaborate one in Early English style, containing lancet windows. | II |
| St Mary's Church | Lowton, Golborne, Greater Manchester
53°28′35″N 2°33′04″W / 53.4763°N 2.5512°W / 53.4763; -2.5512 (Church of St Mary, Lowton) |  | 1860–61 | St Mary's is a modest church without aisles that provided 345 seats at an estimated cost of £1,215. The west front contains a three-light window, framed by an arch carrying a double bellcote. | U |
| All Saints Church | Wigan,
Greater Manchester
53°32′46″N 2°37′58″W / 53.5460°N 2.6328°W / 53.5460; -2.6328 (Church of All Saints, Wigan) |  | 1861 | Between 1854 and 1850 the church had been largely rebuilt by Sharpe and Paley. In 1861 Paley added another stage to the tower, which included clock faces and pinnacles. | II\* |
| All Saints Church | Higher Walton, Lancashire
53°44′27″N 2°38′27″W / 53.7408°N 2.6407°W / 53.7408; -2.6407 (All Saints Church, Higher Walton) |  | 1861–62 | All Saints was designed in the style of about 1300. Its estimated cost was £4,300, and it provided seating for 604 people. The church consists of a nave and a chancel in one range, a south aisle with a porch, a north transept, and a chancel with a polygonal apse. At the west end is a tower with a stair turret and a broach spire. | II |
| St Paul's Church | Hoddlesden, Lancashire
53°42′01″N 2°26′03″W / 53.7002°N 2.4341°W / 53.7002; -2.4341 (St Paul's Church, Hoddlesden) |  | 1861–62 | St Paul's is designed in Geometric style. It cost about £4,000 and seated 650 people. The church had a four-bay nave with a north aisle, a chancel, and a west tower with a stair turret rising to a greater height. It was demolished in 1975. | U |
| Rossall School Chapel | Rossall, Fleetwood, Lancashire
53°53′45″N 3°02′41″W / 53.8957°N 3.0448°W / 53.8957; -3.0448 (Rossall School Chapel) |  | 1861–62 | This is a chapel for Rossall School, built at an estimated cost of £4,400. It consists of a narrow nave, transepts, and a two-bay chancel. At the northwest is a slim bell turret with a short spire. The windows contain Geometric tracery. | II |
| St John the Evangelist's Church | Gressingham, Lancashire
54°07′24″N 2°39′20″W / 54.1233°N 2.6556°W / 54.1233; -2.6556 (Church of St John, Gressingham) |  | 1862 | The church contains fabric from the 12th century, and was rebuilt in 1734. Paley's restoration included removing the porch, rebuilding the south wall, adding buttresses and windows, installing a new east window in Perpendicular style, inserting new windows in the clerestory, restoring the chancel arch, removing the ceiling, tiling the chancel, and reseating the church, all of which cost about £300. | I |
| St John the Baptist's Church | Blawith, Cumbria
54°17′09″N 3°05′38″W / 54.2857°N 3.0940°W / 54.2857; -3.0940 (Church of St John the Baptist, Blawith) |  | 1862–63 | This replaced an older church that is in ruins nearby. It cost £1,600 and contained about 170 seats. It consists of a nave and a short chancel, with lancet windows containing plate tracery. The church was declared redundant in 1988, and is in the care of the Churches Conservation Trust. | U |
| St Garmon's Church | Capel Garmon, Conwy County Borough, Wales
53°04′59″N 3°46′11″W / 53.0830°N 3.7698°W / 53.0830; -3.7698 (Church of St Garmon, Capel Garmon) |  | 1862–63 | The church was restored at a cost of £800. The work included rebuilding the south wall, renewing the windows, adding a new porch and a north vestry, and reseating the church, increasing the seating from 145 to 150. The church has been closed. | U |
| Clark Street Congregational Church | Morecambe, Lancashire
54°04′28″N 2°51′42″W / 54.0744°N 2.8618°W / 54.0744; -2.8618 (Clark Street Congregational Church, Morecambe) |  | 1862–63 | This originated as a Congregational chapel providing seating for 350 people. It has a truncated northwest tower, a southwest porch, and windows containing plate tracery. The chapel has been closed, and converted into offices. | U |
| St Mark's Church | Preston, Lancashire
53°45′47″N 2°43′08″W / 53.7630°N 2.7190°W / 53.7630; -2.7190 (Former Church of St Mark, Preston) |  | 1862–63 | St Mark's cost £6,594. It is in Decorated style, and consists of a four-bay nave, north and south transepts, a chancel terminating in a three-sided apse, and a west porch (the tower was added later). The church was declared redundant in 1982, and has been converted into flats. | II\* |
| Christ Church | Ince-in-Makerfield, Greater Manchester
53°32′19″N 2°36′41″W / 53.5386°N 2.6115°W / 53.5386; -2.6115 (Christ Church, Ince-in-Makerfield) |  | 1862–64 | This church is in Decorated style. It consists of a five-bay nave, north and south transepts, a chancel ending in a polygonal apse, north and south vestries, and a porch at the west end. To the east of the north transept is a turret. | II |
| St Peter's Church | Heysham, Lancashire
54°02′51″N 2°54′07″W / 54.0474°N 2.9019°W / 54.0474; -2.9019 (St Peter, Heysham) |  | 1863 | Most of the fabric of St Peter's dates from the 14th and 15th centuries. Paley restored the church and added a north aisle. In the course of these alterations an Anglo-Saxon doorway was dismantled and rebuilt in the churchyard, and two galleries were removed. | I |
| St Wilfrid's Church | Melling, Lancashire
54°08′05″N 2°36′59″W / 54.1347°N 2.6165°W / 54.1347; -2.6165 (Church of St Wilfrid, Melling) |  | 1863 | The church dates mainly from the later part of the 15th century, with the clerestory added in 1763. Paley designed a new organ case. | I |
| St Cuthbert's Church | Over Kellet, Lancashire
54°07′10″N 2°43′55″W / 54.1195°N 2.7319°W / 54.1195; -2.7319 (Church of St Cuthbert, Over Kellet) |  | 1863–64 | Although some of the fabric of the church dates from about 1200, most of it is from the 16th century. Paley's restoration included removing the ceiling, reinstating the chancel arch, and rebuilding the east end of the church, all at a cost of £330. The seating was increased by 35 to 295, retaining the older pews of 1816. | II\* |
| St Mary's Church | Allithwaite, Cumbria
54°10′59″N 2°56′34″W / 54.1830°N 2.9429°W / 54.1830; -2.9429 (Church of St Mary, Lower Allithwaite) |  | 1863–65 | St Mary's was designed in Decorated style. At the same time Paley designed the associated parsonage and schools. The church consists of a nave and south aisle, a south porch, and a chancel with a north chapel. At the west end is an octagonal bell turret with a spire. | II |
| Holy Trinity Church | Bury,
Greater Manchester
53°35′20″N 2°17′20″W / 53.5890°N 2.2888°W / 53.5890; -2.2888 (Church of the Holy Trinity, Bury) |  | 1863–65 | Paley designed this church in Decorated style. The site was donated by the 14th Earl of Derby, who also provided £1,000 towards its total cost of about £5,500. The planned south aisle and a north tower with a spire were never built. The church provided seating for 627 people. In 2010 it became redundant. | II |
| St Peter's Church | Hindley,
Greater Manchester
53°32′00″N 2°34′52″W / 53.5334°N 2.5812°W / 53.5334; -2.5812 (Church of St Peter, Hindley) |  | 1863–66 | This is a church in Decorated style providing seating for 689 people. It consists of a nave with a clerestory, north and south aisles, a chancel with a southwest vestry, and a northeast tower with a broach spire. | II |
| St James' Church | Poolstock, Wigan, Greater Manchester
53°32′09″N 2°38′16″W / 53.5358°N 2.6379°W / 53.5358; -2.6379 (Church of St James, Poolstock) |  | 1863–66 | This church was paid for by Nathaniel Eckersley of Standish Hall. It is in Decorated style and consists of a nave with a clerestory, north and south aisles, a chancel with a south chapel and north vestry, and a west tower. | II\* |
| St Saviour's Church | Aughton, Lancashire
54°06′09″N 2°41′21″W / 54.1025°N 2.6892°W / 54.1025; -2.6892 (Church of St Saviour, Aughton) |  | 1864 | St Saviour's is a small church the cost £590 and provided seating for 100 people. It has lancet windows, and a bellcote at the west end. | U |
| St Cuthbert's Church | Crayke, North Yorkshire
54°07′43″N 1°08′38″W / 54.1287°N 1.1440°W / 54.1287; -1.1440 (Church of St Cuthbert, Crayke) |  | 1864 | The church originated in the 15th century. Paley carried out a restoration and added the north aisle at a cost of £1,000. | II |
| St John the Evangelist's Church | Turncroft, Over Darwen, Lancashire
53°41′24″N 2°27′28″W / 53.6899°N 2.4577°W / 53.6899; -2.4577 (Church of St John, Turncroft) |  | 1864 | This church had a polygonal apse, and at the west end was a spire 146 feet (45 m) high. It has been demolished. | U |
| St Leonard's Church | Walton-le-Dale, Lancashire
53°44′51″N 2°39′59″W / 53.7476°N 2.6665°W / 53.7476; -2.6665 (Church of St Leonard, Walton-le-Dale) |  | 1864 | The oldest part of the church, the chancel and the tower, date from the 16th century; the nave was built in 1795–98, and the transepts in 1816–17. The church had been restored in 1856. Paley carried out a further restoration, which included re-roofing, re-flooring and refitting the church, and adding a reredos in Bath stone. | II\* |
| St Thomas' Church | Blackburn, Lancashire |  | 1864–65 | This was a church in Decorated style. The first design in 1859 had been for a brick church, but the patrons insisted on stone. Building was then delayed because of concern over the impending cotton famine. When eventually built, it cost £4,469, and provided seating for 1,054 (originally planned for 766). It has since been demolished. | U |
| Holy Trinity Church | Leeds Road, Bradford, West Yorkshire |  | 1864–65 | Holy Trinity was designed in Decorated style. It was built in stone with five bays, north and south aisles, and a tower at the southeast. The estimated cost was £3,565, with seating for 638 people. The church was demolished in 1966. | U |
| St Mary's Church | Penny Bridge, Egton, Cumbria
54°14′04″N 3°03′33″W / 54.2345°N 3.0593°W / 54.2345; -3.0593 (Church of St Mary, Egton) |  | 1864–65 | Built before 1786, the church was rebuilt in 1831, and the chancel was added in 1855–56. Paley rebuilt the nave and added the south aisle at a cost of £1,000, paid for by the Countess Blucher von Wahlstadt. | U |
| St John the Evangelist's Church | Woodland, Cumbria
54°17′31″N 3°09′29″W / 54.2920°N 3.1580°W / 54.2920; -3.1580 (Church of St John the Evangelist, Egton) |  | 1864–65 | This was the third church to be built on the site, replacing churches of 1698 and 1822. Like many others in the area it is small, consisting only of a nave and an apse, with a bellcote. It cost almost £1,000, and has 150 seats. | U |
| St Mary's Church | Ulverston, Cumbria
54°11′56″N 3°05′29″W / 54.1989°N 3.0915°W / 54.1989; -3.0915 (Church of St Mary, Ulverston) |  | 1864–66 | Other than the medieval tower with its Norman doorway, the church had been rebuilt in 1804. The tower was again retained, and Paley rebuilt the rest of the church, providing about 1,400 seats, and introducing Perpendicular tracery in the west window. | II\* |
| St Matthew's Church | Little Lever, Greater Manchester
53°33′46″N 2°22′25″W / 53.5628°N 2.3735°W / 53.5628; -2.3735 (Church of St Matthew, Little Lever) |  | 1865 | St Matthew's replaced a church of 1791 on a different site nearby. It is a wide church without aisles, but with transepts. Above the west porch is a large rose window. At this time the tower was only built up to the level of the eaves. Paley used a Transitional style of architecture in the design. | II |
| St Paul's Church | Brookhouse, Caton, Lancashire
54°04′31″N 2°42′04″W / 54.0753°N 2.7011°W / 54.0753; -2.7011 (Church of St Paul, Brookhouse) |  | 1865–67 | A church has been present on the site since before 1230. Paley rebuilt the church, other than its Perpendicular tower, again using the Perpendicular style. The work cost an estimated £4,000, and provided a church with aisles and a clerestory. Paley lived nearby and worshipped in this church. | II\* |
| St Mary's Church | Kirkby Lonsdale, Cumbria
54°12′13″N 2°35′51″W / 54.2037°N 2.5975°W / 54.2037; -2.5975 (Church of St Mary, Kirkby Lonsdale) |  | 1866 | The earliest parts of the church are Norman, dating from the 11th or 12th century. The church was restored by Paley, at the expense of the Earl of Bective. The restoration included re-roofing and reseating the church, re-flooring the chancel, adding a south porch, and installing a screen and a font. | I |
| St Michael's Chapel | Moor Hospital, Lancaster, Lancashire |  | 1866 | This originated as a chapel for Lancaster Moor Hospital. It is in Neo-Norman style, and has a cruciform plan. Since becoming redundant, it has been converted into flats. | II |
| Holy Trinity Church | Morecambe, Lancashire
54°04′29″N 2°51′27″W / 54.0746°N 2.8575°W / 54.0746; -2.8575 (Holy Trinity Church, Morecambe) |  | 1866 | Holy Trinity had been rebuilt in 1840–41 by Edmund Sharpe, replacing an earlier chapel. Paley added a south aisle with seven Decorated windows, each with a gable rising higher than the parapet. | II |
| St Helen's Church | Churchtown, Lancashire
53°52′44″N 2°47′24″W / 53.8788°N 2.7900°W / 53.8788; -2.7900 (Church of St Helen, Churchtown) |  | 1866–69 | The church dates from the 13th century, and was rebuilt in the 15th and 16th centuries. Paley restored the church at a cost of £1,372; the work included removal of the west gallery and reseating the church. | I |
| Cartmel Priory | Cartmel, Cumbria
54°12′04″N 2°57′08″W / 54.2011°N 2.9523°W / 54.2011; -2.9523 (Cartmel Priory) |  | 1867 | Founded by the Augustinian order in about 1190, the priory church was completed by 1233. Alterations and additions were made during the following centuries. Paley carried out a restoration, which included reseating the church, stripping the plaster from the walls, removing the galleries, adding an organ, a font, a pulpit and reading desk, and re-glazing the windows. | I |
| St Thomas' Church | Stockton Heath, Warrington, Cheshire
53°22′20″N 2°34′57″W / 53.3723°N 2.5824°W / 53.3723; -2.5824 (St Thomas' Church, Stockton Heath) |  | 1867–68 | This church replaced an earlier one; its main benefactor was Sir Gilbert Greenall. Its estimated cost was £5,395, to provide seating for 650 people. This large church is constructed in red sandstone, and is in Decorated style, with a west tower and a southeast turret. It consists of a nave, a south aisle, a chancel, a north transept and a north vestry and organ loft. | II |
| St James' Church | Barrow-in-Furness, Cumbria
54°07′08″N 3°14′01″W / 54.1190°N 3.2337°W / 54.1190; -3.2337 (Church of St James, Barrow-in-Furness) |  | 1867–69 | Sited in an elevated position, the church is built mainly in red brick, with blue brick decoration, and with dressings and a spire in yellow stone. The steeple is placed on the south side of the chancel, which has a polygonal east end. There is also a six-bay nave with a clerestory and aisles. The church cost about £7,650, and provided 950 seats. It was considered by Nikolaus Pevsner to be "the best church in Barrow". | II\* |
| St Peter's Church | Churchgate, Bolton, Greater Manchester
53°34′46″N 2°25′25″W / 53.5794°N 2.4237°W / 53.5794; -2.4237 (Church of St Peter, Bolton) |  | 1867–71 | St Peter's replaced the medieval parish church of Bolton. It was paid for by Peter Ormrod, a local cotton manufacturer, and eventually cost £45,000. It consists of a nave with a clerestory, aisles, transepts, a chancel with north and south chapels, and a northwest tower. The tower, at 180 feet (55 m), is the highest in the historic county of Lancashire. | II\* |
| All Saints Church | Lupton, Cumbria
54°13′18″N 2°39′54″W / 54.2218°N 2.6649°W / 54.2218; -2.6649 (All Saints Church, Lupton) |  | 1867
(or 1868) | The church is very small, consisting of a three-bay nave with an apse, a north vestry, and a south porch. It is in Neo-Norman style, with a large south doorway. On the west gable is a bellcote. | II |
|

## Notes and references

**Notes**

**Citations**

1. Brandwood et al. (2012), pp. 49–50
2. Brandwood et al. (2012), p. 2
3. Brandwood et al. (2012), p. 55
4. Brandwood et al. (2012), pp. 2, 55
5. Price (1998), pp. 4–5
6. Brandwood et al. (2012), p. 38
7. Brandwood et al. (2012), p. 56
8. Brandwood et al. (2012), pp. 56–58
9. Hyde & Pevsner (2010), p. 510
10. Hartwell, Hyde & Pevsner (2004), p. 248
11. Hartwell & Pevsner (2009), p. 411
12. *The Architecture of Sharpe, Paley and Austin*, English Heritage, retrieved 2 September 2013
13. Brandwood et al. (2012), pp. 59–61
14. Pevsner (2002), p. 56
15. Hartwell, Hyde & Pevsner (2004), p. 137
16. Brandwood et al. (2012), pp. 52, 56
17. Brandwood et al. (2012), p. 68
18. Brandwood et al. (2012), p. 222
19. Brandwood et al. (2012), p. 220
20. Brandwood et al. (2012), p. 221
21. *Listed Buildings*, Historic England, retrieved 28 March 2015
22. Brandwood et al. (2012), pp. 38–39, 212, 218
23. Hartwell & Pevsner (2009), p. 202
24. Historic England, "Capernwray Church (1164650)", *National Heritage List for England*, retrieved 21 May 2011
25. Price (1998), p. 75
26. Brandwood et al. (2012), p. 217
27. Hartwell & Pevsner (2009), pp. 364–369
28. Historic England, "Priory and Parish Church of St Mary (1195068)", *National Heritage List for England*, retrieved 21 May 2011
29. Price (1998), p. 73
30. Brandwood et al. (2012), pp. 56, 58–59, 218
31. Hartwell & Pevsner (2009), p. 98
32. Historic England, "Church of St Mary and St Michael (1361910)", *National Heritage List for England*, retrieved 21 May 2011
33. Brandwood et al. (2012), pp. 59–61, 218, 219
34. Hartwell & Pevsner (2009), pp. 369–371
35. Historic England, "Cathedral Church of St Peter (1214397)", *National Heritage List for England*, retrieved 21 May 2011
36. Price (1998), p. 72
37. Brandwood et al. (2012), pp. 59, 74, 218–219, 222
38. Hyde & Pevsner (2010), pp. 131–132
39. Historic England, "Church of St George (1201077)", *National Heritage List for England*, retrieved 21 May 2011
40. Price (1998), p. 77
41. Brandwood et al. (2012), p. 219
42. Hartwell & Pevsner (2009), p. 613
43. Historic England, "Church of St Anne (1072038)", *National Heritage List for England*, retrieved 21 May 2011
44. Hartwell & Pevsner (2009), p. 125
45. Historic England, "Holy Trinity Church (1223094)", *National Heritage List for England*, retrieved 22 May 2011
46. Price (1998), p. 76
47. Brandwood et al. (2012), pp. 62, 219
48. Hartwell & Pevsner (2009), pp. 551–552
49. Historic England, "Church of St Peter (1362497)", *National Heritage List for England*, retrieved 21 May 2011
50. Pollard & Pevsner (2006), p. 223
51. Historic England, "Church of St Mary (1253329)", *National Heritage List for England*, retrieved 21 May 2011
52. Price (1998), p. 74
53. Hyde & Pevsner (2010), pp. 274–275
54. Historic England, "Church of Holy Trinity (1335935)", *National Heritage List for England*, retrieved 21 May 2011
55. Pollard & Pevsner (2006), p. 515
56. Pollard & Pevsner (2006), pp. 660–661
57. Historic England, "Church of All Saints (1384556)", *National Heritage List for England*, retrieved 21 May 2011
58. Brandwood et al. (2012), pp. 63, 219
59. Hartwell & Pevsner (2009), p. 680
60. Historic England, "Church of All Saints (1290187)", *National Heritage List for England*, retrieved 21 May 2011
61. Price (1998), pp. 74–75
62. Pevsner (2002), p. 142
63. Hartwell & Pevsner (2009), p. 337
64. Brandwood et al. (2012), pp. 68, 219
65. Hartwell & Pevsner (2009), p. 583
66. Historic England, "Rossall School Chapel (1362162)", *National Heritage List for England*, retrieved 21 May 2011
67. Hartwell & Pevsner (2009), pp. 313–314
68. Historic England, "Church of St John the Evangelist (1164600)", *National Heritage List for England*, retrieved 21 May 2011
69. Hyde & Pevsner (2010), p. 156
70. Hubbard (1986), p. 115
71. "Capel Garmon Parish Church (400510)", *Coflein*, RCAHMW, retrieved 2 September 2013
72. Brandwood et al. (2012), pp. 56, 220
73. Hartwell & Pevsner (2009), p. 459
74. Brandwood et al. (2012), pp. 62–63, 220
75. Hartwell & Pevsner (2009), p. 531
76. Historic England, "Former Church of St Mark (1291672)", *National Heritage List for England*, retrieved 21 May 2011
77. Diocese of Blackburn Archived 2012-03-16 at the Wayback Machine, (PDF), (21 February 2011), p. 5, Church of England, retrieved 2 September 2013
78. Brandwood et al. (2012), pp. 63, 220
79. Pollard & Pevsner (2006), p. 210
80. Historic England, "Christ Church (1228324)", *National Heritage List for England*, retrieved 21 May 2011
81. Hartwell & Pevsner (2009), pp. 332–334
82. Historic England, "Parish Church of St Peter (1279836)", *National Heritage List for England*, retrieved 8 May 2013
83. St Peter's History (PDF), St Peter's, Heysham, retrieved 2 September 2013
84. Hartwell & Pevsner (2009), pp. 451–452
85. Historic England, "Church of St Wilfrid (1165114)", *National Heritage List for England*, retrieved 21 May 2011
86. Hartwell & Pevsner (2009), p. 485
87. Historic England, "Church of St Cuthbert (1071877)", *National Heritage List for England*, retrieved 21 May 2011
88. Price (1998), pp. 71–72
89. Hyde & Pevsner (2010), p. 92
90. Historic England, "Church of St Mary (1335764)", *National Heritage List for England*, retrieved 21 May 2011
91. Brandwood et al. (2012), pp. 66, 220
92. Hartwell, Hyde & Pevsner (2004), p. 178
93. Historic England, "Holy Trinity Church (1391180)", *National Heritage List for England*, retrieved 6 June 2011
94. Historic England, "Former Church of St Mark (1291672)", *National Heritage List for England*, retrieved 21 May 2011
95. Diocese of Manchester Archived 2012-03-16 at the Wayback Machine, (PDF), (21 February 2011), p. 3, Church of England, retrieved 2 September 2013
96. Pollard & Pevsner (2006), p. 198
97. Historic England, "Church of St Peter (1287248)", *National Heritage List for England*, retrieved 22 May 2011
98. Brandwood et al. (2012), pp. 63–65, 220
99. Pollard & Pevsner (2006), p. 663
100. Historic England, "Church of St James with St Thomas (1384468)", *National Heritage List for England*, retrieved 21 May 2011
101. Hartwell & Pevsner (2009), p. 88
102. Historic England, "Church of St Cuthbert (1314955)", *National Heritage List for England*, retrieved 21 May 2011
103. Brandwood et al. (2012), pp. 66, 220–221
104. Hartwell & Pevsner (2009), pp. 679–680
105. Historic England, "Church of St Leonard (1074102)", *National Heritage List for England*, retrieved 8 June 2012
106. Farrar, William; Brownbill, J., eds. (1911), "Townships: Walton-le-Dale – Church", *A History of the County of Lancaster*, Victoria County History, vol. 6, University of London & History of Parliament Trust, pp. 289–300, retrieved 10 May 2013
107. Price (1998), pp. 72–73
108. Brandwood et al. (2012), pp. 62–63, 221
109. Brandwood et al. (2012), pp. 62, 221
110. Hyde & Pevsner (2010), p. 341
111. Hyde & Pevsner (2010), p. 697
112. Hyde & Pevsner (2010), pp. 647–649
113. Historic England, "Church of St Mary (1374977)", *National Heritage List for England*, retrieved 22 May 2011
114. Historic England, "Church of St Matthew (1391096)", *National Heritage List for England*, retrieved 5 June 2011
115. Brandwood et al. (2012), pp. 52, 58, 221
116. Hartwell & Pevsner (2009), pp. 204–205
117. Historic England, "Church of St Paul (1163957)", *National Heritage List for England*, retrieved 22 May 2011
118. Hyde & Pevsner (2010), pp. 458–462
119. Historic England, "Church of St Mary (1145774)", *National Heritage List for England*, retrieved 16 August 2012
120. Historic England, "Church of St Michael, Moor Hospital (1289454)", *National Heritage List for England*, retrieved 22 May 2011
121. Brandwood et al. (2012), pp. 212, 222
122. Hartwell & Pevsner (2009), pp. 456–457
123. Historic England, "Parish Church of the Holy Trinity (1207210)", *National Heritage List for England*, retrieved 9 December 2011
124. Hartwell & Pevsner (2009), pp. 358–359
125. Historic England, "Church of St Helen (1072874)", *National Heritage List for England*, retrieved 22 May 2011
126. Hyde & Pevsner (2010), pp. 267–272
127. Historic England, "Priory Church of St Mary (1335798)", *National Heritage List for England*, retrieved 7 December 2011
128. Cartmel Priory, Cumbria Archived 2009-09-14 at the Wayback Machine, The Heritage Trail, retrieved 2 September 2013
129. Pollard & Pevsner (2006), pp. 629–630
130. Historic England, "Church of St Thomas (1135939)", *National Heritage List for England*, retrieved 7 December 2011
131. Brandwood et al. (2012), pp. 74–75, 222
132. Hyde & Pevsner (2010), p. 132
133. Historic England, "Church of St James (1197881)", *National Heritage List for England*, retrieved 22 May 2011
134. Brandwood et al. (2012), pp. 66–68, 222
135. Hartwell, Hyde & Pevsner (2004), pp. 137–138
136. Historic England, "Parish Church of St Peter (1387979)", *National Heritage List for England*, retrieved 22 May 2011
137. Historic England, "Church of All Saints (1335929)", *National Heritage List for England*, retrieved 11 June 2012

**Sources**

* Brandwood, Geoff; Austin, Tim; Hughes, John; Price, James (2012), *The Architecture of Sharpe, Paley and Austin*, Swindon: English Heritage, ISBN 978-1-84802-049-8
* Dixon, Roger; Muthesius, Stefan (1985) \[1978\], *Victorian Architecture* (Second ed.), London: Thames and Hudson, ISBN 978-0-500-20160-2
* Hartwell, Clare; Hyde, Matthew; Pevsner, Nikolaus (2004), *Lancashire: Manchester and the South-East*, The Buildings of England, New Haven and London: Yale University Press, ISBN 0-300-10583-5
* Hartwell, Clare; Pevsner, Nikolaus (2009) \[1969\], *Lancashire: North*, The Buildings of England, New Haven and London: Yale University Press, ISBN 978-0-300-12667-9
* Hubbard, Edward (1986), *Clwyd*, The Buildings of Wales, London: Penguin, ISBN 0-14-071052-3
* Hyde, Matthew; Pevsner, Nikolaus (2010) \[1967\], *Cumbria*, The Buildings of England, New Haven and London: Yale University Press, ISBN 978-0-300-12663-1
* Pevsner, Nikolaus (2002) \[1969\], *North Lancashire*, The Buildings of England, New Haven and London: Yale University Press, ISBN 0-300-09617-8
* Price, James (1998), *Sharpe, Paley and Austin: A Lancaster Architectural Practice 1836–1942*, Lancaster: Centre for North-West Regional Studies, ISBN 1-86220-054-8
* Pollard, Richard; Pevsner, Nikolaus (2006), *Lancashire: Liverpool and the South-West*, The Buildings of England, New Haven and London: Yale University Press, ISBN 0-300-10910-5


title: Virginia Board of Wildlife Resources

abstract: The Virginia Board of Wildlife Resources oversees the Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources.

text:
# Virginia Board of Wildlife Resources

The **Virginia Board of Wildlife Resources** (formerly the Commission of Game and Inland Fisheries) oversees the Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources.

## Membership

The Code of Virginia provides that "the Board shall consist of not more than one member from each congressional district". Following Census 2000, Virginia was allocated 11 Congressional districts; therefore, the Board was limited to a maximum of 11 members.

Members are appointed by the Governor and confirmed by the General Assembly.

## Powers

The Board has power to:

* Appoint the Director of the Department,
* Acquire lands and waters in the Commonwealth,
* Establish buildings, structures, dams, lakes, ponds, public landings, wharves, or docks,
* Regulate or prohibit drilling, dredging or other operations on VDGIF property,
* Conduct operations for the preservation and propagation of game birds, game animals, fish and other wildlife,
* Introduce new species of game birds, game animals or fish to Virginia,
* Publish and distribute educational matter pertaining to wildlife,
* Collect user fees for admittance, parking, and hunting,
* Delegate power to the Director of Game and Inland Fisheries, and
* Regulate hunting, taking, capture, killing, possession, sale, purchase and transportation of wild birds, wild animals, and inland water fish.

## Rulemaking process

The Board holds meetings every year to consider amendments to the Virginia Administrative Code. In even-numbered years, fish and aquatic regulations are reviewed. In odd numbered years, game and terrestrial nongame wildlife regulations are reviewed. Procedures for emergency situations had not yet been developed, as of 2004.

## Well-known regulations

### Snakeheads

A high-profile regulation issued by the Board is 4VAC15-30-40, which bans the importation of snakehead fish.

### Wild animals

* 4VAC15-30-10 bans possession of wild animals in Virginia.
* 4VAC15-20-50 defines a wild animal as "Any member of the animal kingdom, except domestic animals, including without limitation any native, naturalized, or nonnative (exotic) mammal, fish, bird, amphibian, reptile, mollusk, crustacean, arthropod or other invertebrate, and includes any hybrid of them, except as otherwise specified in regulations of the board, or part, product, egg, or offspring of them, or the dead body or parts of them."

The regulation then lists 26 domestic animals (dogs, cats, horses, etc.) which are exempt from the definition. Some Virginians, such as ferret and skunk enthusiasts, would like to see additional animals added to the list of allowed pets.


title: Lucky Larkin

abstract: Lucky Larkin is a 1930 American pre-Code synchronized sound Western film directed by Harry Joe Brown and written by Marion Jackson and Leslie Mason. While the film has no audible dialog, it was released with a synchronized musical score with sound effects. The film stars Ken Maynard, Nora Lane, Jim Farley, Harry Todd, Paul Hurst and Charles Clary. The film was released on March 2, 1930, by Universal Pictures.

text:
# Lucky Larkin

**Lucky Larkin** is a 1930 American pre-Code synchronized sound Western film directed by Harry Joe Brown and written by Marion Jackson and Leslie Mason. While the film has no audible dialog, it was released with a synchronized musical score with sound effects. The film stars Ken Maynard, Nora Lane, Jim Farley, Harry Todd, Paul Hurst and Charles Clary. The film was released on March 2, 1930, by Universal Pictures.

## Plot

## Cast

## InfoBox

| Lucky Larkin | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Harry Joe Brown |
| Screenplay by | Marion Jackson
Leslie Mason |
| Story by | Marion Jackson |
| Produced by | Ken Maynard |
| Starring | Ken Maynard
Nora Lane
Jim Farley
Harry Todd
Paul Hurst
Charles Clary |
| Cinematography | Ted D. McCord |
| Edited by | Fred Allen |
| Production
company | Ken Maynard Productions Inc. |
| Distributed by | Universal Pictures |
| Release date | * March 2, 1930 (1930-03-02) |
| Running time | 66 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Languages | Sound (Synchronized)
English Intertitles |


abstract:
This is a list of United States national Golden Gloves champions in the light welterweight division, along with the state or region they represented. The weight limit for light welterweights was first contested at 139 lb (63 kg), but was increased to 141 lb (64 kg) in 2003.
  - 1966 - Larry Draut - Santa Rosa, CA
  - 1967 - Willie Richardson - Detroit, MI
  - 1968 - Harold Beal - Kansas City, MO
  - 1969 - Eddie Beauford - Indianapolis, IN
  - 1970 - Larry Bonds - Denver, CO
  - 1971 - Wiley Johnson - Cincinnati, OH
  - 1972 - Sugar Ray Seales - Tacoma, WA
  - 1973 - Larry Bonds - Denver, CO
  - 1974 - Sugar Ray Leonard - Palmer Park, MD
  - 1975 - Paul Sherry - Las Vegas, NV
  - 1976 - Ronnie Shields - Fort Worth, TX
  - 1977 - Thomas Hearns - Detroit, MI
  - 1978 - Ronnie Shields - Fort Worth, TX
  - 1979 - Lemuel Steeples - St. Louis, MO
  - 1980 - Terry Silver - Louisville, KY
  - 1981 - Henry Hughes - Cleveland, OH
  - 1982 - Tim Rabon - Lafayette, LA
  - 1983 - Roderick Moore - Detroit, MI
  - 1984 - Tim Rabon - Lafayette, LA
  - 1985 - Robert Guy - Fort Worth, TX
  - 1986 - Roy Jones Jr. - Pensacola, FL
  - 1987 - Todd Foster - Great Falls, MT
  - 1988 - Skipper Kelp - Born in Saigon, Vietnam he fought from Las Vegas, NV
  - 1989 - Victor McKinnia - Denver, CO
  - 1990 - Mark Lewis - Los Angeles, CA
  - 1991 - Terron Millett - St. Louis, MO
  - 1992 - Robert Frazier - Syracuse, NY
  - 1993 - David Diaz - Chicago, IL
  - 1994 - David Diaz - Chicago, IL
  - 1995 - Demarcus Corley - Washington, DC
  - 1996 - David Diaz - Chicago, IL
  - 1997 - Adan Reyes - Los Angeles, CA
  - 1998 - Ricardo Williams - Jr., Cincinnati, OH
  - 1999 - Alejandre F Johnson - Philadelphia, PA
  - 2000 - Jessie Byers - Knoxville, TN
  - 2001 - Chad Aquino - Kansas City, MO
  - 2002 - Larry Gonzáles - Denver, CO
  - 2003 - Lorenzo Reynolds - Saginaw, MI
  - 2004 - Jeremy Bryan - Paterson, NJ
  - 2005 - Jeremy Bryan - Paterson, NJ
  - 2006 - Brad Solomon - Lafayette, LA
  - 2007 - Kaila Browe - Lafayette, LA
  - 2008 - Danny O'Connor - Framingham, MA
  - 2009 - Jose Benavidez - at only 16 years old, he was the youngest light welterweight champions.
  - 2010 - Gary Allen Russell III
  - 2011 - Michael Reed - Washington DC
  - 2012 - James Brumley (London,KY)
  - 2013 - Julian Rodriguez - New Jersey
  - 2014 - Gary Antuanne Russell - Maryland
  - 2015 - Jaron Ennis - Pennsylvania
  - 2016 - Frank Martin - Indianapolis
  - 2017 - Aadam Ali - New Jersey

text:
# List of US national Golden Gloves light welterweight champions

This is a list of United States national Golden Gloves champions in the light welterweight division, along with the state or region they represented. The weight limit for light welterweights was first contested at 139 lb (63 kg), but was increased to 141 lb (64 kg) in 2003.

* 1966 - Larry Draut - Santa Rosa, CA
* 1967 - Willie Richardson - Detroit, MI
* 1968 - Harold Beal - Kansas City, MO
* 1969 - Eddie Beauford - Indianapolis, IN
* 1970 - Larry Bonds - Denver, CO
* 1971 - Wiley Johnson - Cincinnati, OH
* 1972 - Sugar Ray Seales \- Tacoma, WA
* 1973 - Larry Bonds - Denver, CO
* 1974 - Sugar Ray Leonard \- Palmer Park, MD
* 1975 - Paul Sherry - Las Vegas, NV
* 1976 - Ronnie Shields \- Fort Worth, TX
* 1977 - Thomas Hearns \- Detroit, MI
* 1978 - Ronnie Shields \- Fort Worth, TX
* 1979 - Lemuel Steeples - St. Louis, MO
* 1980 - Terry Silver - Louisville, KY
* 1981 - Henry Hughes - Cleveland, OH
* 1982 - Tim Rabon - Lafayette, LA
* 1983 - Roderick Moore - Detroit, MI
* 1984 - Tim Rabon - Lafayette, LA
* 1985 - Robert Guy - Fort Worth, TX
* 1986 - Roy Jones Jr. \- Pensacola, FL
* 1987 - Todd Foster \- Great Falls, MT
* 1988 - Skipper Kelp - Born in Saigon, Vietnam he fought from Las Vegas, NV
* 1989 - Victor McKinnia - Denver, CO
* 1990 - Mark Lewis - Los Angeles, CA
* 1991 - Terron Millett \- St. Louis, MO
* 1992 - Robert Frazier - Syracuse, NY
* 1993 - David Diaz \- Chicago, IL
* 1994 - David Diaz \- Chicago, IL
* 1995 - Demarcus Corley \- Washington, DC
* 1996 - David Diaz \- Chicago, IL
* 1997 - Adan Reyes - Los Angeles, CA
* 1998 - Ricardo Williams \- Jr., Cincinnati, OH
* 1999 - Alejandre F Johnson \- Philadelphia, PA
* 2000 - Jessie Byers - Knoxville, TN
* 2001 - Chad Aquino \- Kansas City, MO
* 2002 - Larry Gonzáles \- Denver, CO
* 2003 - Lorenzo Reynolds - Saginaw, MI
* 2004 - Jeremy Bryan \- Paterson, NJ
* 2005 - Jeremy Bryan \- Paterson, NJ
* 2006 - Brad Solomon \- Lafayette, LA
* 2007 - Kaila Browe \- Lafayette, LA
* 2008 - Danny O'Connor \- Framingham, MA
* 2009 - Jose Benavidez \- at only 16 years old, he was the youngest light welterweight champions.
* 2010 - Gary Allen Russell III
* 2011 - Michael Reed - Washington DC
* 2012 - James Brumley (London,KY)


title: Żarnowica Duża

abstract: Żarnowica Duża is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wolbórz, within Piotrków County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) south of Wolbórz, 14 km (9 mi) north-east of Piotrków Trybunalski, and 44 km (27 mi) south-east of the regional capital Łódź.

text:
# Żarnowica Duża

**Żarnowica Duża** \[ʐarnɔˈvit͡sa ˈduʐa\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Wolbórz, within Piotrków County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) south of Wolbórz, 14 km (9 mi) north-east of Piotrków Trybunalski, and 44 km (27 mi) south-east of the regional capital Łódź.

## InfoBox

| Żarnowica Duża | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Żarnowica Duża | |
| Coordinates: 51°27′55″N 19°50′44″E / 51.46528°N 19.84556°E / 51.46528; 19.84556 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Łódź |
| County | Piotrków |
| Gmina | Wolbórz |
| Population | 400 |


title: Evan K

abstract: Evangelos Koukoularis, known professionally as Evan K, is a German-Greek guitarist. He is the lead guitarist of the German power metal band Mystic Prophecy, former and lead guitarist of the German dark rock band Enemy Inside and ex-guitarist of the industrial/death metal band Cypecore. Evan K also performs with the female symphonic metal band Exit Eden and works as a producer, solo artist and session musician in a wide range of music genres, from pop to rock and metal.

text:
# Evan K

**Evangelos Koukoularis** (born 27 May 1994), known professionally as **Evan K**, is a German-Greek guitarist. He is the lead guitarist of the German power metal band Mystic Prophecy, former and lead guitarist of the German dark rock band Enemy Inside and ex-guitarist of the industrial/death metal band Cypecore. Evan K also performs with the female symphonic metal band Exit Eden and works as a producer, solo artist and session musician in a wide range of music genres, from pop to rock and metal.

## Life and work

Evan K started playing guitar at the age of 11, inspired by famous hard rock bands like Scorpions, Deep Purple, Led Zeppelin, and Whitesnake. Five years later he completed the E-Guitar & Jazz Harmony program of Berklee College of Music through authorized local conservatories in Athens. At the age of 19, he left his German literature studies in Athens in order to study E-Guitar and popular music at the Popakademie Baden-Württemberg, University of Popular Music and Music Business in Mannheim, Germany. He was one out of the four guitarists chosen every year to study there.

In 2015, Evan K joined the industrial/death metal band Cypecore. In January 2016, the band released its third studio album *Identity*, with Evan K in the line-up.

In July 2016, Evan K released his first studio solo album *Blue Lightning*, where Fabio Lione (Rhapsody of Fire, Angra, Vision Divine) and Bob Katsionis (Firewind, Serious Black, Outloud), Markus Johansson (4ARM, Sylencer, THEM), Jimmy Pitts (Marco Minnemann, Christian Münzner) appear as special guests. The album was released in Europe via FC Metal Recordings and in Japan via King Records.

In 2017 Evan K recorded guitars and bass for the debut album *Rhapsodies in Black* by Exit Eden, a female symphonic metal band formed by Amanda Somerville, Clémentine Delauney, Marina La Torraca and Anna Brunner. The album features metal covers of some very popular hits such as Madonna's "Frozen", Adele's "Skyfall" and Lady Gaga's "Paparazzi". Simone Simons (Epica) appears as guest vocalist in the album.

In August 2017 Evan K was announced as the new lead guitarist of the German power metal band Mystic Prophecy.

At the end of 2017 Evan K formed the dark rock and modern metal band Enemy Inside with singer Nastassja Giulia and announced the release of their debut album *Phoenix* in September 2018 with R.O.A. Records and in August 2021 their second album *Seven*.

Evan K is endorsed by ESP Guitars, ENGL Amplifiers, Two Notes Engineering and HESU Cables. He enjoys testing and experimenting with new music gear and is also demonstrating products in his personal-(Evan K) as well as in ENGL TV channels in YouTube.

## Discography

### EVAN

### with Enemy Inside

* *Phoenix*, (2018)
* *Seven*, (2021)

### with Mystic Prophecy

### with Exit Eden

### with Cypecore

* *Identity*, 2016

## InfoBox

| Evan K | |
| --- | --- |
| Evan K with Enemy Inside at Rockharz Open Air 2022 | |
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Evangelos Koukoularis |
| Born | (1994-05-27) 27 May 1994<br>Hamburg, Germany |
| Genres | Heavy metal, instrumental rock, hard rock, progressive rock, progressive metal, experimental rock, melodic death metal, industrial metal |
| Occupation | Guitarist |
| Years active | 2013–present |
|  | |
| Website | evanofficial.com |


title: Peggy Dern

abstract: Peggy Gaddis Dern was an American writer of traditional romance novels, so-called "nurse novels," as well as racy pulp romance stories. Utilizing her actual surname as well as various pseudonyms, she was actively writing from the late 1930s up until the 1960s, ultimately producing dozens of books, perhaps even a couple hundred or more. Her primary literary identity was as Peggy Gaddis.

text:
# Peggy Dern

**Peggy Gaddis Dern** (born **Erolie Pearl Gaddis**; March 5, 1895 - June 14, 1966) was an American writer of traditional romance novels, so-called "nurse novels," as well as racy pulp romance stories. Utilizing her actual surname as well as various pseudonyms, she was actively writing from the late 1930s up until the 1960s, ultimately producing dozens of books, perhaps even a couple hundred or more. Her primary literary identity was as **Peggy Gaddis**.

## Life

Peggy Gaddis Dern was born Erolie Pearl Gaddis March 5, 1895 in Gaddistown, Georgia. She attended and graduated from Reinhardt College, and then worked editing periodicals, first in Atlanta and later New York City, where she edited movie fan magazines and racy pulp periodicals. In 1931, she married John Sherman Dern, a member of a traveling minstrel group. Dern began her career writing for pulp magazines such as *Breezy Stories* and *Love Story Magazine*, usually under the pseudonym "Peggy Gaddis". Later, Dern moved on to writing paperback novels.

Dern worked six days a week and endeavored to write a minimum of 3,000 words a day. Typically, she produced a book approximately every three weeks. Of writing, she was quoted as saying, "It's a sort of drug, for which I hope no one ever finds a cure." Dern died in 1966 and was buried in Fellowship Primitive Baptist Church Cemetery in Tucker, Georgia.

## Pseudonyms

Dern utilized her actual surname and nearly a dozen pseudonyms during her career. The majority of her books were published under the names *Peggy Gaddis* and *Peggy Dern*. Frequently used pseudonyms included *Gail Jordan*, *Perry Lindsay,* and *Joan Sherman*. Other pen names included *Carolina Lee*, *Georgia Craig*, *James Clayford*, as well as *Roberta Courtland*, *Joan Tucker*, *Sylvia Erskine*, and *Luther Gordon*.

## Partial bibliography

* *The Affairs of a Country Girl*, Gail Jordan, Cameo, 1952 (Country Girl, 1954)
* *The April Heart*, Peggy Dern; Arcadia, 1959
* *As Good As Married*, Perry Lindsay, Phoenix, 1945
* *At Granada Court*, Peggy Dern, Arcadia, 1959, Wright Brown (UK), 1960 (Karen, Valentine, s.d.)
* *At Ruby's Place*, Joan Tucker, Cameo, 1952 (Waterfront Club, 1954), também em1956, como John Tucker, pela Venus
* *The Babe in Arms*, Perry Lindsay, Phoenix, 1943
* *Back Home*, Peggy Gaddis, Arcadia, 1950. Também pela Manor, Star (Austrália) e 5-Star (UK), 1972 (ou como “Reaching Out for Love”, Large Print, 1996)
* *Backwoods Girl*, Peggy Gaddis; Venus, 1954
* *Bayou Nurse*, Peggy Gaddis, Arcadia, 1964
* *Beauty to Burn*, Peggy Gaddis, Godwin, 1937
* *Beloved Intruder*, Peggy Dern, Arcadia, 1958
* *Betsy Moran*, Peggy Dern, Arcadia, 1964
* *Beware of Romance*, Roberta Courtland, Gramercy, 1948
* *Coast Guard Girl*, Georgia Craig, Arcadia, 1945
* *Courtesan*, Joan Sherman, Godwin, 1936 (publicado como Lulie, pela Handi-Book, 1949)
* *Doctor Merry's Husband*, Peggy Gaddis, MacFadden, 1962.
* *Eileen Duggan*, Peggy Gaddis, Arcadia, 1952
* *Goodbye, My Heart*, Peggy Dern, Arcadia, 1941
* *Marriage Can Wait*, James Clayford, Quarter, 1949
* *Nora was a Nurse*, Peggy Gaddis, MacFadden, 1953
* *Nurse at Sundown*, Peggy Gaddis, Magnum Books, 1958.
* *Shanty Girl*, Joan Tucker, Venus, 1953
* *Satan's Gal*, Carolina Lee, Handi, 1950
* *Show Boat Girl*, Roberta Courtland, Gramercy, 1940
* *The Girl Next Door*, Peggy Gaddis, Arcadia, 1949
* *The Marryin'Kind*, Roberta Courtland, Gramercy, 1947
* *Young Doctor Merry*, Peggy Gaddis, Arcadia, 1944
* *Young Nurse*, Sylvia Erskine, Cameo, 1952
* *Wings on Her Heart*, Roberta Courtland, Gramercy, 1942
* *Winter Circus*, Peggy Dern, Arcadia, 1943


title: Phaio sylva

abstract: Phaio sylva is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Schaus in 1896. It is found in Brazil.

text:
# Phaio sylva

***Phaio sylva*** is a moth of the subfamily Arctiinae. It was described by Schaus in 1896. It is found in Brazil.

## InfoBox

| *Phaio sylva* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Erebidae |
| Subfamily: | Arctiinae |
| Genus: | *Phaio* |
| Species: | ***P. sylva*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Phaio sylva***<br>(Schaus, 1896) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Eupyra sylva* Schaus, 1896 * *Phaio sylva f. impellucida* Draudt | |


title: Umcular, Karpuzlu

abstract: Umcular is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Karpuzlu, Aydın Province, Turkey. Its population is 296 (2022).

text:
# Umcular, Karpuzlu

**Umcular** is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Karpuzlu, Aydın Province, Turkey. Its population is 296 (2022).

## InfoBox

| Umcular | |
| --- | --- |
| Neighbourhood | |
| UmcularLocation in TurkeyUmcularUmcular (Turkey Aegean) | |
| Coordinates: 37°34′N 27°46′E / 37.567°N 27.767°E / 37.567; 27.767 | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Aydın |
| District | Karpuzlu |
| Population (2022) | 296 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |


title: List of exoplanets discovered in 2011

abstract: This is a List of exoplanets discovered in 2011. For exoplanets detected only by radial velocity, the mass value is actually a lower limit.

text:
# List of exoplanets discovered in 2011

This is a **List of exoplanets discovered in 2011**.

For exoplanets detected only by radial velocity, the mass value is actually a lower limit. (See Minimum mass for more information)

| Name | Mass (MJ) | Radius (RJ) | Period (days) | Semi-major axis (AU) | Temp. () | Discovery method | Distance (ly) | Host star mass () | Host star temp. (K) | Remarks |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 7 Canis Majoris b | 1.85 |  | 735.1 | 1.758 |  | radial vel. | 64.65 | 1.34 | 4826 |  |
| 82 G. Eridani b | 0.0085 |  | 18.315 | 0.1207 | 660 | radial vel. | 19.57 | 0.7 | 5401 |  |
| 82 G. Eridani c | 0.0076 |  | 40.114 | 0.2036 | 508 | radial vel. | 19.57 | 0.7 | 5401 |  |
| 82 G. Eridani d | 0.015 |  | 90.309 | 0.3499 | 388 | radial vel. | 19.57 | 0.7 | 5401 |  |
| BD+48 738 b | 0.91 |  | 392.6 | 1.0 |  | radial vel. | 2910 | 0.74 | 4414 |  |
| CFBDSIR J145829+101343 b | 10.5 |  | 10037.5 | 2.6 | 370 | imaging | 75.34 | 0.02 | 580 | Likely brown dwarf |
| CoRoT-16b | 0.535 | 1.17 | 5.35227 | 0.0618 | 1086 | transit | 2740 | 1.1 | 5650 |  |
| CoRoT-17b | 2.43 | 1.02 | 3.7681 | 0.0461 | 1626 | transit | 3001 | 1.04 | 5740 |  |
| CoRoT-18b | 3.47 | 1.31 | 1.9000693 | 0.0295 | 1550 | transit | 2838 | 0.95 | 5440 |  |
| CoRoT-19b | 1.11 | 1.29 | 3.89713 | 0.0518 | 2000 | transit | 2511 | 1.21 | 6090 |  |
| CoRoT-20b | 4.3 | 0.84 | 9.24285 | 0.09 | 1024 | transit | 2819 | 1.14 | 4947 |  |
| COROT-21b | 2.26±0.31 | 1.30±0.14 | 2.72474±0.00014 | 0.0417±0.0011 |  | transit | 4560±930 | 1.29±0.09 | 6200±100 |  |
| CoRoT-23b | 2.8 | 1.05 | 3.6313 | 0.048 | 1660 | transit | 1957 | 1.14 | 5900 |  |
| Gliese 433 b | 0.01901 |  | 7.3705 | 0.062 |  | radial vel. | 29.58 | 0.48 | 3461 |  |
| Gliese 667 Cc | 0.012 |  | 28.14 | 0.125 |  | radial vel. | 22.18 | 0.33 | 3350 | Potentially habitable exoplanet |
| Gliese 785 b | 0.0532 |  | 74.72 | 0.32 | 355 | radial vel. | 28.7 | 0.8 | 5166 |  |
| Gliese 785 c | 0.076 |  | 525.8 | 1.18 | 185 | radial vel. | 28.7 | 0.8 | 5166 |  |
| HAT-P-27b | 0.62 | 1.02 | 3.039577 | 0.04 |  | transit | 665.38 | 0.94 | 5300 |  |
| HAT-P-28b | 0.626 | 1.212 | 3.257215 | 0.0434 | 1384 | transit | 1288 | 1.02 | 5680 |  |
| HAT-P-29b | 0.88 | 1.17 | 5.72319 | 0.0667 | 1271 | transit | 1032 | 1.45 | 6087 | Proper name **Surt** |
| HAT-P-30b | 0.83 | 1.44 | 2.8106 | 0.0419 | 1630 | transit | 702.2 | 1.55 | 6304 | Independent discoveries |
| HAT-P-31b | 2.27 | 1.09 | 5.00542 | 0.061 | 1450 | transit | 1133 | 1.31 | 6065 | Additional planet in system suspected. |
| HAT-P-32b | 0.68 | 1.98 | 2.1500082 | 0.03397 | 1836 | transit | 950.81 | 1.13 | 6001 |  |
| HAT-P-33b | 0.92 | 1.85 | 3.47447 | 0.04995 | 1782 | transit | 1306 | 1.82 | 6446 |  |
| HD 1461 c | 0.01759 |  | 13.5052 | 0.1117 |  | radial vel. | 76.5 | 1.02 | 5765 | Planet confirmed in 2015 |
| HD 1502 b | 2.75 |  | 428.5 | 1.262 |  | radial vel. | 626.11 | 1.46 | 4947 | Proper name **Indépendance** |
| HD 5891 b | 7.63 |  | 177.11 | 0.64 |  | radial vel. | 932.02 | 1.93 | 4673 |  |
| HD 7199 b | 0.27 |  | 615 | 1.36 |  | radial vel. | 118.04 | 0.77 | 5371 | Proper name **Hairu** |
| HD 7449 A b | 0.508 |  | 1255.5 | 2.38 |  | radial vel. | 126.26 | 1.05 | 6024 |  |
| HD 14651 b | 47±3.4 |  | 79.4179±0.0021 | 0.361±0.013 |  | radial vel. | 127 | 0.96±0.03 | 5491±26 | Brown dwarf or star |
| HD 18742 b | 3.4 |  | 766 | 1.82 |  | radial vel. | 532.86 | 1.36 | 4940 | Proper name **Bagan** |
| HD 20003 b | 0.0378±0.0031 |  | 11.849±0.003 | 0.0974±0.0016 |  | radial vel. | 136.6±0.2 | 0.942±0.046 | 5510+48
137 |  |
| HD 20003 c | 0.0422±0.0040 |  | 33.823±0.065 | 0.1961±0.0032 |  | radial vel. | 136.6±0.2 | 0.942±0.046 | 5510+48
137 |  |
| HD 20781 b | 0.0334+0.0038
0.0037 |  | 29.158+0.0102
0.01 | 0.1647+0.0076
0.0083 |  | radial vel. | 115.36±4.4 | 0.7 | 5256±29 |  |
| HD 20781 c | 0.0442±0.0049 |  | 85.5073+0.0983
0.0947 | 0.3374+0.0155
0.017 |  | radial vel. | 115.36±4.4 | 0.7 | 5256±29 |  |
| HD 21693 b | 0.0259+0.0034
0.0033 | 0.1976 | 22.6786+0.0085
0.0087 | 0.1455+0.0058
0.0063 |  | radial vel. | 105.61±1.66 | 0.8 | 5430±26 | Confirmed in 2017. |
| HD 21693 c | 0.0547±0.0056 |  | 53.7357+0.0312
0.0309 | 0.2586+0.0103
0.0113 |  | radial vel. | 105.61±1.66 | 0.8 | 5430±26 | Confirmed in 2017. |
| HD 22781 b | 13.65 |  | 528.07 | 1.167 |  | radial vel. | 106.43 | 0.75 | 5027 |  |
| HD 28678 b | 1.542 |  | 380.2 | 1.18 |  | radial vel. | 622.72 | 1.53 | 4972 | Proper name **Tassili** |
| HD 30246 b | 55.1+20.3
8.2 |  | 990.7±5.6 | 2.012±0.069 |  | radial vel. | 160 | 1.05±0.04 | 5833±44 | Brown dwarf or star |
| HD 30856 b | 1.547 |  | 847 | 1.85 |  | radial vel. | 429.56 | 1.17 | 4895 | Proper name **Nakanbé** |
| HD 31527 b | 0.0329±0.0028 |  | 16.5535+0.0034
0.0035 | 0.1254+0.0041
0.0045 |  | radial vel. | 125.8±2.9 | 0.96 | 5898±13 | Planet confirmed in 2017 |
| HD 31527 c | 0.0445±0.0040.0039 |  | 51.2053+0.0373
0.0368 | 0.2663+0.0088
0.0095 |  | radial vel. | 125.8±2.9 | 0.96 | 5898±13 | Planet confirmed in 2017 |
| HD 31527 d | 0.0372+0.0053
0.0052 |  | 271.6737+2.1135
2.2471 | 0.8098+0.0273
0.0293 |  | radial vel. | 125.8±2.9 | 0.96 | 5898±13 | Planet confirmed in 2017 |
| HD 33142 b | 1.385 |  | 326 | 1.07 |  | radial vel. | 397.27 | 1.41 | 4978 |  |
| HD 38283 b | 0.34 |  | 363.2 | 1.02 |  | radial vel. | 123 | 1.085 | 5945 | Proper name **Yanyan** |
| HD 39194 b | 0.0126 |  | 5.63 | 0.056±0.001 |  | radial vel. | 71.43 | 0.67±0.04 | 5205±23 | Confirmed in 2017 and 2021. |
| HD 39194 c | 0.0198 |  | 14.03 | 0.103±0.002 |  | radial vel. | 71.43 | 0.67±0.04 | 5205±23 | Confirmed in 2017 and 2021. |
| HD 39194 d | 0.0126 |  | 33.91 | 0.185±0.033 |  | radial vel. | 71.43 | 0.67±0.04 | 5205±23 | Confirmed in 2017 and 2021. |
| HD 45184 b | 0.0384+0.0033
0.0032 |  | 5.8854±0.0003 | 0.0644+0.002
0.0021 |  | radial vel. | 71.36±0.62 | 1.03 | 5869±14 | Confirmed in 2017 |
| HD 51608 b | 0.0402+0.0038
0.0037 |  | 14.0726±0.0016 | 0.1059+0.0043
0.0046 |  | radial vel. | 113.6±2.02 | 0.8 | 5358±22 | Confirmed in 2017. |
| HD 51608 c | 0.045+0.0051
0.0048 |  | 95.9446+0.1555
0.1366 | 0.3809+0.0153
0.0164 |  | radial vel. | 113.6±2.02 | 0.8 | 5358±22 | Confirmed in 2017. |
| HD 82886 b | 2.33 |  | 705 | 1.58 |  | radial vel. | 415.93 | 2.53 | 4953 | Proper name **Arber** |
| HD 85512 b | 0.01 |  | 58.43 | 0.26 | 298 | radial vel. | 36.79 | 0.43 | 4300 |  |
| HD 93385 Ac | 0.0223 |  | 13.18 | 0.112±0.002 |  | radial vel. | 141.6±0.2 | 1.04±0.01 | 5823±35 | Originally planet HD 93385 b, confirmed in 2017, renamed in 2021 |
| HD 93385 Ad | 0.0274 |  | 45.84 | 0.2565±0.0043 |  | radial vel. | 141.6±0.2 | 1.04±0.01 | 5823±35 | Originally planet HD 93385 c, confirmed in 2017, renamed in 2021. |
| HD 96063 b | 1.27 |  | 362.5 | 1.11 |  | radial vel. | 458.66 | 1.37 | 5020 | Proper name **Ramajay** |
| HD 96127 b | 20.96 |  | 647.3 | 1.42 |  | radial vel. | 1949 | 10.94 | 3943 | Likely not a planet, but a star |
| HD 96700 b | 0.0280 |  | 8.12 | 0.0777±0.0013 |  | radial vel. | 84±1 | 0.89±0.01 | 5845±13 | Also unconfirmed planet between orbits b and c |
| HD 96700 c | 0.0400 |  | 103.5 | 0.424±0.007 |  | radial vel. | 84±1 | 0.89±0.01 | 5845±13 | Also unconfirmed planet between orbits b and c |
| HD 98219 b | 1.964 |  | 433.8 | 1.26 |  | radial vel. | 372.06 | 1.41 | 4925 | Proper name **Ixbalanqué** |
| HD 99706 b | 1.23 |  | 841 | 1.98 |  | radial vel. | 480.15 | 1.46 | 4862 |  |
| HD 100655 b | 1.61 |  | 157.57001 | 0.68 |  | radial vel. | 449.2 | 2.28 | 4891 | Proper name **Sazum** |
| HD 102329 b | 8.16 |  | 778.1 | 1.81 |  | radial vel. | 712.41 | 3.21 | 4745 |  |
| HD 106270 b | 10.13 |  | 1888 | 3.34 |  | radial vel. | 306.79 | 1.39 | 5509 |  |
| HD 108863 b | 2.414 |  | 437.7 | 1.32 |  | radial vel. | 539.87 | 1.59 | 4878 |  |
| HD 116029 b | 1.4 |  | 670 | 1.65 |  | radial vel. | 403.4 | 0.83 | 4819 | One more planet in the system (unconfirmed) |
| HD 126525 b | 0.237±0.002 |  | 960.41+6.19
6.33 | 1.837±0.010 |  | radial vel. | 124.1+4.3
4.6 | 0.90±0.01 | 5638±13 |  |
| HD 131496 b | 1.8 |  | 896 | 2.01 |  | radial vel. | 431.65 | 1.34 | 4846 | Proper name **Madriu** |
| HD 132563 Bb | 1.49 |  | 1544 | 2.62 |  | radial vel. | 344.01 | 1.08 | 6073 |  |
| HD 134060 b | 0.0318+0.0025
0.0024 |  | 3.2696±0.0001 | 0.0444±0.0007 |  | radial vel. | 78.38±0.07 | 1.095 | 5966±14 | Eccentric orbit, confirmed in 2017. |
| HD 134060 c | 0.0922+0.0139
0.0133 |  | 1292+48
44 | 2.226±0.051 |  | radial vel. | 78.38±0.07 | 1.095 | 5966±14 | Confirmed in 2017. |
| HD 134606 b | 0.0292±0.0030 |  | 12.083±0.010 | 0.1023±0.0017 |  | radial vel. | 87.45±0.07 | 0.998±0.024 | 5616±34 |  |
| HD 134606 c | 0.0382±0.0053 |  | 59.52±0.17 | 0.2962±0.0049 |  | radial vel. | 87.45±0.07 | 0.998±0.024 | 5616±34 |  |
| HD 134606 d | 0.1212±0.0130 |  | 459.3±8.3 | 1.157±0.024 |  | radial vel. | 87.45±0.07 | 0.998±0.024 | 5616±34 |  |
| HD 137388 b | 0.2 |  | 330 | 0.89 |  | radial vel. | 132.2 | 0.68 | 5181 | Proper name **Kererū** |
| HD 142245 b | 3.07 |  | 1299 | 2.78 |  | radial vel. | 318.01 | 3.5 | 4922 |  |
| HD 152581 b | 1.869 |  | 686.5 | 1.66 |  | radial vel. | 543.2 | 1.3 | 5027 | Proper name **Ganja** |
| HD 156279 b | 9.88 |  | 131.05 | 0.49 |  | radial vel. | 118.17 | 0.95 | 5453 |  |
| HD 158038 b | 1.53 |  | 521 | 1.5 |  | radial vel. | 310.25 | 1.3 | 4860 |  |
| HD 150433 b | 0.168±0.020 |  | 1096±27 | 1.930±0.045 |  | radial vel. | 99.36±0.10 |  |  |  |
| HD 154088 b | 0.0208 |  | 18.56±0.01 | 0.134±0.002 |  | radial vel. | 58.2±0.5 | 0.91±0.02 | 5374±43 | Confirmed in 2021 |
| HD 157172 b | 0.12 |  | 104.84±0.13 | 0.416±0.007 |  | radial vel. | 107.75±0.22 |  |  |  |
| HD 163607 b | 0.7836 |  | 75.2203 | 0.362 |  | radial vel. | 221.53 | 1.12 | 5522 |  |
| HD 163607 c | 2.201 |  | 1272 | 2.39 |  | radial vel. | 221.53 | 1.12 | 5522 |  |
| HD 164509 b | 0.443 |  | 280.17 | 0.87 |  | radial vel. | 173.49 | 1.12 | 5922 |  |
| HD 189567 b | 0.0267 |  | 14.3 | 0.111±0.002 |  | radial vel. | 58.43±0.04 | 0.83±0.01 | 5726±15 | Confirmed in 2021, also unconfirmed planet HD 189567 c in the system |
| HD 192310 c | 0.076 |  | 525.8 | 1.18 |  | radial vel. | 28.7 | 0.78 | 5069 |  |
| HD 204313 c | 0.0553 |  | 34.905 | 0.2099 |  | radial vel. | 154 | 1.02 | 5776 | Confirmed in 2015. |
| HD 215152 c | 0.0054+0.0019
0.0023 |  | 7.2824+0.0045
0.0083 | 0.06739+0.00086
0.00089 |  | radial vel. | 70.48±0.16 | 0.770±0.015 | 4935±76 | Confirmed in 2018. |
| HD 215152 d | 0.0088+0.0025
0.0029 |  | 10.8650+0.0056
0.0061 | 0.0880+0.0011
0.0012 |  | radial vel. | 70.48±0.16 | 0.770±0.015 | 4935±76 | Confirmed in 2018. |
| HD 204941 b | 0.266 |  | 1733 | 2.55 |  | radial vel. | 93.74 | 0.58 | 5026 |  |
| HD 215456 b | 0.101 |  | 191.99±0.73 | 0.652±0.011 |  | radial vel. | 129.3±0.2 |  |  |  |
| HD 215456 c | 0.246 |  | 2277±67 | 3.394±0.088 |  | radial vel. | 129.3±0.2 |  |  |  |
| HD 240237 b | 15.89 |  | 745.7 | 1.92 |  | radial vel. | 3125 | 8.76 | 3926 |  |
| HIP 5158 c | 15.04 |  | 9017.76 | 7.7 |  | radial vel. | 168.56 | 0.78 | 4962 |  |
| HIP 57274 b | 0.02 |  | 8.1352 | 0.07 |  | radial vel. | 84.41 | 0.29 | 4510 |  |
| HIP 57274 c | 0.40902 |  | 32.03 | 0.178 |  | radial vel. | 84.41 | 0.29 | 4510 |  |
| HIP 57274 d | 0.5267 |  | 431.7 | 1.01 |  | radial vel. | 84.41 | 0.29 | 4510 |  |
| HU Aquarii b | 5.9 |  | 2390 | 3.6 |  | timing | 626.89 | 0.88 | 5952 | Controversial |
| HU Aquarii c | 4.5 |  | 4368 | 5.4 |  | timing | 626.89 | 0.88 | 5952 | Controversial |
| Kepler-10b | 0.0145 | 0.132 | 0.837491 | 0.0172 | 2130 | transit | 608.3 | 0.91 | 5708 |  |
| Kepler-10c | 0.02319 | 0.207 | 45.2946 | 0.241 | 584 | transit | 608.3 | 0.91 | 5708 |  |
| Kepler-11b | 0.006 | 0.161 | 10.3039 | 0.091 |  | transit | 2148 | 0.96 | 5663 |  |
| Kepler-11c | 0.009 | 0.256 | 13.0241 | 0.107 |  | transit | 2148 | 0.96 | 5663 |  |
| Kepler-11d | 0.023 | 0.278 | 22.6845 | 0.155 |  | transit | 2148 | 0.96 | 5663 |  |
| Kepler-11e | 0.025 | 0.374 | 31.9996 | 0.195 |  | transit | 2148 | 0.96 | 5663 |  |
| Kepler-11f | 0.006 | 0.222 | 46.6888 | 0.25 |  | transit | 2148 | 0.96 | 5663 |  |
| Kepler-11g | 0.079 | 0.297 | 118.3807 | 0.466 |  | transit | 2148 | 0.96 | 5663 |  |
| Kepler-12b | 0.432 | 1.754 | 4.4379629 | 0.0553 | 1480 | transit | 2950 | 1.17 | 5947 |  |
| Kepler-13b | 9.28 | 1.512 | 1.763588 | 0.03641 | 2550 | transit | 1354 | 1.72 | 7650 |  |
| Kepler-14b | 8.4 | 1.136 | 6.790123 | 0.0771 | 1605 | transit | 3196 | 1.51 | 6395 |  |
| Kepler-15b | 0.66 | 0.96 | 4.942782 | 0.05714 | 1251 | transit | 2464 | 1.02 | 5515 |  |
| Kepler-16b | 0.333 | 0.754 | 228.776 | 0.7048 |  | transit | 245.44 | 0.69 | 4450 |  |
| Kepler-17b | 2.45 | 1.31 | 1.4857108 | 0.02591 | 1570 | transit | 2609 | 1.16 | 5781 |  |
| Kepler-18b | 0.022 | 0.178 | 3.504725 | 0.0447 |  | transit | 1430 | 0.97 | 5345 |  |
| Kepler-18c | 0.054 | 0.49 | 7.64159 | 0.0752 |  | transit | 1430 | 0.97 | 5345 |  |
| Kepler-18d | 0.052 | 0.623 | 14.85888 | 0.1172 |  | transit | 1430 | 0.97 | 5345 |  |
| Kepler-19b | 0.02643 | 0.197 | 9.28716 | 0.085 |  | transit | 717.4 | 0.94 | 5544 |  |
| Kepler-19c | 0.04122 |  | 28.731 |  |  | timing | 717.4 | 0.94 | 5544 |  |
| Kepler-20b | 0.03052 | 0.167 | 3.69611525 | 0.0463 | 1105 | transit | 929.18 | 0.95 | 5495 |  |
| Kepler-20c | 0.04012 | 0.272 | 10.85409089 | 0.0949 | 772 | transit | 929.18 | 0.95 | 5495 |  |
| Kepler-20d | 0.03168 | 0.245 | 77.61130017 | 0.3506 | 401 | transit | 929.18 | 0.95 | 5495 |  |
| Kepler-20e | 0.01 | 0.077 | 6.09852281 | 0.0639 | 1040 | transit | 929.18 | 0.95 | 5495 |  |
| Kepler-20f | 0.045 | 0.089 | 19.57758478 | 0.1396 | 705 | transit | 929.18 | 0.95 | 5495 |  |
| Kepler-21b | 0.01598 | 0.146 | 2.78578 | 0.042717 | 2025 | transit | 370 | 1.41 | 6305 |  |
| Kepler-22b | 0.113 | 0.212 | 289.8623 | 0.849 | 262 | transit | 619.72 | 0.97 | 5518 | Potentially habitable exoplanet |
| Kepler-23b | 0.8 | 0.17 | 7.1073 | 0.075 |  | transit | 2793 | 1.1 | 5828 |  |
| Kepler-23c | 2.7 | 0.285 | 10.7421 | 0.099 |  | transit | 2793 | 1.1 | 5828 |  |
| Kepler-24b | 1.6 | 0.214 | 8.1453 | 0.08 |  | transit | 3901 | 0.98 | 5897 |  |
| Kepler-24c | 1.6 | 0.25 | 12.3335 | 0.106 |  | transit | 3901 | 0.98 | 5897 |  |
| Kepler-25b | 0.0275 | 0.245 | 6.238297 | 0.068 |  | transit | 798.98 | 1.19 | 6270 |  |
| Kepler-25c | 0.0479 | 0.465 | 12.7207 | 0.11 |  | transit | 798.98 | 1.19 | 6270 |  |
| Kepler-26b | 0.01611 | 0.248 | 12.28 | 0.08551 | 427 | transit | 1104 | 0.54 | 3914 |  |
| Kepler-26c | 0.01951 | 0.243 | 17.2559 | 0.10725 | 381 | transit | 1104 | 0.54 | 3914 |  |
| Kepler-27b | 9.11 | 0.357 | 15.3348 | 0.118 |  | transit | 3507 | 0.65 | 5400 |  |
| Kepler-27c | 13.8 | 0.437 | 31.3309 | 0.191 |  | transit | 3507 | 0.65 | 5400 |  |
| Kepler-28b | 1.51 | 0.321 | 5.9123 | 0.062 | 583 | transit | 1448 | 0.75 | 4590 |  |
| Kepler-28c | 1.36 | 0.303 | 8.9858 | 0.081 | 507 | transit | 1448 | 0.75 | 4590 |  |
| Kepler-29b | 0.01419 | 0.299 | 10.3384 | 0.09 |  | transit | 2779 | 0.98 | 5701 |  |
| Kepler-29c | 0.01259 | 0.28 | 13.2884 | 0.11 |  | transit | 2779 | 0.98 | 5701 |  |
| Kepler-31b |  | 0.491 | 20.8613 | 0.16 |  | transit | 5700 | 1.21 | 6340 |  |
| Kepler-31c | 4.7 | 0.473 | 42.6318 | 0.26 |  | transit | 5700 | 1.21 | 6340 |  |
| Kepler-32b | 4.1 | 0.196 | 5.90124 | 0.05 | 530 | transit | 1066 | 0.58 | 3900 |  |
| Kepler-32c | 0.5 | 0.178 | 8.7522 | 0.09 | 470 | transit | 1066 | 0.58 | 3900 |  |
| Kepler-33b |  | 0.155 | 5.66793 | 0.0677 |  | transit | 4086 | 1.29 | 5904 |  |
| Kepler-33c | 0.00123 | 0.285 | 13.17562 | 0.1189 |  | transit | 4086 | 1.29 | 5904 |  |
| Kepler-33d | 0.0123 | 0.477 | 21.77596 | 0.1662 |  | transit | 4086 | 1.29 | 5904 |  |
| Kepler-33e | 0.01753 | 0.359 | 31.7844 | 0.2138 |  | transit | 4086 | 1.29 | 5904 |  |
| Kepler-39b | 20.1 | 1.24 | 21.08721 | 0.164 | 897 | transit | 3557 | 1.29 | 6350 | brown dwarf |
| Kepler-41b | 0.56 | 1.29 | 1.8555582 | 0.03101 | 1790 | transit | 3680 | 1.15 | 5750 |  |
| Kepler-42b |  | 0.07 | 1.2137672 | 0.0116 | 519 | transit | 126.23 | 0.13 | 3068 |  |
| Kepler-42c |  | 0.065 | 0.45328509 | 0.006 | 720 | transit | 126.23 | 0.13 | 3068 |  |
| Kepler-42d |  | 0.051 | 1.865169 | 0.0154 | 450 | transit | 126.23 | 0.13 | 3068 |  |
| Kepler-43 b | 3.23 | 1.219 | 3.0240949 | 0.046 | 1620 | transit | 3379 | 1.32 | 6041 |  |
| Kepler-44b | 1.0 | 1.09 | 3.2467293 | 0.0446 | 1544 | transit | 4009 | 1.12 | 5800 |  |
| Kepler-45b | 0.505 | 0.96 | 2.455239 | 0.03 | 1000 | transit | 1086 | 0.59 | 3820 |  |
| Kepler-70b | 0.0014 | 0.068 | 0.240104 | 0.006 |  | orbital brightness modulation | 3849 | 0.5 | 27730 | Controversial |
| Kepler-70c | 0.0021 | 0.077 | 0.342887 | 0.0076 |  | orbital brightness modulation | 3849 | 0.5 | 27730 | Controversial |
| MOA-2009-BLG-266Lb | 0.033 |  | 2774 | 3.2 |  | microlensing | 9900 | 0.56 |  |  |
| Nu2 Lupi b | 0.0145 | 0.132 | 11.57779+0.00091
0.0011 | 0.0969+0.0019
0.0017 |  | radial vel. | 47.85±0.07 | 0.87±0.04 | 5664±61 |  |
| Nu2 Lupi c | 0.0355 | 0.233 | 27.5909+0.0028
0.0031 | 0.1729+0.0034
0.0030 |  | radial vel. | 47.85±0.07 | 0.87±0.04 | 5664±61 |  |
| Nu2 Lupi d | 0.0278 | 0.229 | 107.245±0.050 | 0.425±0.012 |  | radial vel. | 47.85±0.07 | 0.87±0.04 | 5664±61 |  |
| NY Vir (AB) b | 2.3 |  | 3160 | 3.3 |  | timing | 1800 | 0.6 | 33000 | Circumbinary planet |
| NY Vir (AB) c | 4.49 |  | 9861.75 | 7.54 |  | timing | 1800 | 0.6 | 33000 | Circumbinary planet |
| PSR J1719-1438 b | 1.2 |  | 0.09070629 | 0.0044 |  | timing | 3914 | 1.4 | 4500 | Shortest orbital period of any known exoplanet |
| Qatar-2 b | 2.494 | 1.254 | 1.33711647 | 0.02153 | 1344 | transit | 594.67 | 0.74 | 4645 |  |
| TrES-5 | 1.79 | 1.194 | 1.48224686 | 0.02459 | 1480 | transit | 1188 | 0.9 | 5171 |  |
| UZ Fornacis b | 6.3 |  | 5840 | 5.9 |  | timing | 781.5 | 0.7 | 5286 | false positive |
| UZ Fornacis c | 7.7 |  | 1916.25 | 2.8 |  | timing | 781.5 | 0.7 | 5286 | unconfirmed as of 2020 |
| WASP-35b | 0.72±0.06 | 1.32±0.03 | 3.16158 | 0.04317 |  | transit | 663.39 | 1.05 | 5990 |  |
| WASP-39b | 0.28 | 1.27 | 4.055259 | 0.0486 | 1166 | transit | 750.18 | 0.93 | 5400 | Proper name **Bocaprins** |
| WASP-43b | 1.78 | 0.93 | 0.813475 | 0.0142 | 1427 | transit | 260.93 | 0.58 | 4400 |  |
| WASP-44b | 0.87 | 1.1 | 2.423804 | 0.03453 | 1337 | transit | 1201 | 0.94 | 5420 |  |
| WASP-45b | 0.964 | 0.946 | 3.126089 | 0.03963 | 1153 | transit | 693.04 | 0.85 | 5150 |  |
| WASP-46b | 1.91 | 1.174 | 1.43036763 | 0.02335 | 1636 | transit | 1237 | 0.83 | 5600 |  |
| WASP-48b | 0.8 | 1.5 | 2.14363 | 0.03444 | 2035 | transit | 1501 | 0.88 | 5920 |  |
| WASP-50 b | 1.4688 | 1.166 | 1.9551 | 0.0293 | 1395 | transit | 606.08 | 0.89 | 5400 | Proper name **Maeping** |
| WD 0806-661 b | 7.5 |  |  | 2500 | 323 | imaging | 62.62 | 0.62 | 9552 | Y-type sub-brown dwarf |

## Specific exoplanet lists

Lists of exoplanets

### Lists of exoplanets by year of discovery


title: Viète's formula

abstract: In mathematics, Viète's formula is the following infinite product of nested radicals representing twice the reciprocal of the mathematical constant π: 2 π = 2 2 ⋅ 2 + 2 2 ⋅ 2 + 2 + 2 2 ⋯ It can also be represented as 2 π = ∏ n = 1 ∞ cos  π 2 n + 1. The formula is named after François Viète, who published it in 1593. As the first formula of European mathematics to represent an infinite process, it can be given a rigorous meaning as a limit expression and marks the beginning of mathematical analysis. It has linear convergence and can be used for calculations of π, but other methods before and since have led to greater accuracy. It has also been used in calculations of the behavior of systems of springs and masses and as a motivating example for the concept of statistical independence. The formula can be derived as a telescoping product of either the areas or perimeters of nested polygons converging to a circle. Alternatively, repeated use of the half-angle formula from trigonometry leads to a generalized formula, discovered by Leonhard Euler, that has Viète's formula as a special case. Many similar formulas involving nested roots or infinite products are now known.

text:
# Viète's formula

In mathematics, **Viète's formula** is the following infinite product of nested radicals representing twice the reciprocal of the mathematical constant : $\frac {2}{\pi }={\frac {\sqrt {2}{2}\cdot {\frac {\sqrt {2+{\sqrt {2}{2}\cdot {\frac {\sqrt {2+{\sqrt {2+{\sqrt {2}{2}\cdots }}}}}}}}}}}}$ It can also be represented as $\frac {2}{\pi }=\prod \_{n=1}^{\infty }\cos {\frac {\pi }{2^{n+1}.}}$

The formula is named after François Viète, who published it in 1593. As the first formula of European mathematics to represent an infinite process, it can be given a rigorous meaning as a limit expression and marks the beginning of mathematical analysis. It has linear convergence and can be used for calculations of π, but other methods before and since have led to greater accuracy. It has also been used in calculations of the behavior of systems of springs and masses and as a motivating example for the concept of statistical independence.

The formula can be derived as a telescoping product of either the areas or perimeters of nested polygons converging to a circle. Alternatively, repeated use of the half-angle formula from trigonometry leads to a generalized formula, discovered by Leonhard Euler, that has Viète's formula as a special case. Many similar formulas involving nested roots or infinite products are now known.

## Significance

François Viète (1540–1603) was a French lawyer, privy councillor to two French kings, and amateur mathematician. He published this formula in 1593 in his work *Variorum de rebus mathematicis responsorum, liber VIII*. At this time, methods for approximating π to (in principle) arbitrary accuracy had long been known. Viète's own method can be interpreted as a variation of an idea of Archimedes of approximating the circumference of a circle by the perimeter of a many-sided polygon, used by Archimedes to find the approximation $\frac {223}{71}\<\pi \<{\frac {22}{7}.}$

By publishing his method as a mathematical formula, Viète formulated the first instance of an infinite product known in mathematics, and the first example of an explicit formula for the exact value of π. As the first representation in European mathematics of a number as the result of an infinite process rather than of a finite calculation, Eli Maor highlights Viète's formula as marking the beginning of mathematical analysis and Jonathan Borwein calls its appearance "the dawn of modern mathematics".

Using his formula, Viète calculated π to an accuracy of nine decimal digits. However, this was not the most accurate approximation to π known at the time, as the Persian mathematician Jamshīd al-Kāshī had calculated π to an accuracy of nine sexagesimal digits and 16 decimal digits in 1424. Not long after Viète published his formula, Ludolph van Ceulen used a method closely related to Viète's to calculate 35 digits of π, which were published only after van Ceulen's death in 1610.

Beyond its mathematical and historical significance, Viète's formula can be used to explain the different speeds of waves of different frequencies in an infinite chain of springs and masses, and the appearance of π in the limiting behavior of these speeds. Additionally, a derivation of this formula as a product of integrals involving the Rademacher system, equal to the integral of products of the same functions, provides a motivating example for the concept of statistical independence.

## Interpretation and convergence

Viète's formula may be rewritten and understood as a limit expression $\lim \_{n\rightarrow \infty }\prod \_{i=1}^{n}{\frac {a\_{i}{2}={\frac {2}{\pi },}}}$ where $\begin{aligned}a\_{1}&={\sqrt {2}\\a\_{n}&={\sqrt {2+a\_{n-1}.\end{aligned}}}}$

For each choice of $n$, the expression in the limit is a finite product, and as $n$ gets arbitrarily large, these finite products have values that approach the value of Viète's formula arbitrarily closely. Viète did his work long before the concepts of limits and rigorous proofs of convergence were developed in mathematics; the first proof that this limit exists was not given until the work of Ferdinand Rudio in 1891.

The rate of convergence of a limit governs the number of terms of the expression needed to achieve a given number of digits of accuracy. In Viète's formula, the numbers of terms and digits are proportional to each other: the product of the first n terms in the limit gives an expression for π that is accurate to approximately 0.6*n* digits. This convergence rate compares very favorably with the Wallis product, a later infinite product formula for π. Although Viète himself used his formula to calculate π only with nine-digit accuracy, an accelerated version of his formula has been used to calculate π to hundreds of thousands of digits.

Viète's formula may be obtained as a special case of a formula for the sinc function that has often been attributed to Leonhard Euler, more than a century later: $\frac {\sin x}{x}=\cos {\frac {x}{2}\cdot \cos {\frac {x}{4}\cdot \cos {\frac {x}{8}\cdots }}}$

Substituting *x* = π/2 in this formula yields $\frac {2}{\pi }=\cos {\frac {\pi }{4}\cdot \cos {\frac {\pi }{8}\cdot \cos {\frac {\pi }{16}\cdots }}}$

Then, expressing each term of the product on the right as a function of earlier terms using the half-angle formula: $\cos {\frac {x}{2}={\sqrt {\frac {1+\cos x}{2}}}}$ gives Viète's formula.

It is also possible to derive from Viète's formula a related formula for π that still involves nested square roots of two, but uses only one multiplication: $\pi =\lim \_{k\to \infty }2^{k}\underbrace {\sqrt {2-{\sqrt {2+{\sqrt {2+{\sqrt {2+{\sqrt {2+\cdots +{\sqrt {2} \_{k{\text{ square roots},}}}}}}}}}}}}}$ which can be rewritten compactly as $\begin{aligned}\pi &=\lim \_{k\to \infty }2^{k}{\sqrt {2-a\_{k},\\a\_{1}&=0,\\a\_{k}&={\sqrt {2+a\_{k-1}.\end{aligned}}}}}$

Many formulae for π and other constants such as the golden ratio are now known, similar to Viète's in their use of either nested radicals or infinite products of trigonometric functions.

## Derivation

Viète obtained his formula by comparing the areas of regular polygons with 2*n* and 2*n* \+ 1 sides inscribed in a circle. The first term in the product, $\sqrt {2}/2$, is the ratio of areas of a square and an octagon, the second term is the ratio of areas of an octagon and a hexadecagon, etc. Thus, the product telescopes to give the ratio of areas of a square (the initial polygon in the sequence) to a circle (the limiting case of a 2*n*-gon). Alternatively, the terms in the product may be instead interpreted as ratios of perimeters of the same sequence of polygons, starting with the ratio of perimeters of a digon (the diameter of the circle, counted twice) and a square, the ratio of perimeters of a square and an octagon, etc.

Another derivation is possible based on trigonometric identities and Euler's formula. Repeatedly applying the double-angle formula $\sin x=2\sin {\frac {x}{2}\cos {\frac {x}{2},}}$ leads to a proof by mathematical induction that, for all positive integers n, $\sin x=2^{n}\sin {\frac {x}{2^{n}\left(\prod \_{i=1}^{n}\cos {\frac {x}{2^{i}\right).}}}}$

The term 2*n* sin(*x*/2*n*) goes to x in the limit as n goes to infinity, from which Euler's formula follows. Viète's formula may be obtained from this formula by the substitution *x* = π/2.

* Morrie's law, same identity taking $x=2^{n}\alpha $ on Viète's formula


title: Lucky Lady II

abstract: Lucky Lady II is a United States Air Force Boeing B-50 Superfortress that became the first airplane to circle the world nonstop. Its 1949 journey, assisted by in-flight refueling, lasted 94 hours and 1 minute.

text:
# Lucky Lady II

***Lucky Lady II*** is a United States Air Force Boeing B-50 Superfortress that became the first airplane to circle the world nonstop. Its 1949 journey, assisted by in-flight refueling, lasted 94 hours and 1 minute.

## 1949: First circumnavigation of the world

The *Lucky Lady II* was a B-50 of the 43rd Bombardment Group, equipped with 12 .50-caliber (12.7mm) machine guns. For its circumnavigation mission, a fuel tank was added in the bomb bay for extra range. The mission required a double crew with three pilots, under the command of Capt. James Gallagher. The crews rotated in shifts of four to six hours.

Bearing a total crew of 14, the aircraft started its round-the-world trip at 12:21 p.m. on February 26, 1949. It took off from Carswell Air Force Base near Fort Worth, Texas, and headed east toward the Atlantic Ocean.

After flying 23,452 mi (37,742 km), the aircraft passed the control tower back at Carswell on March 2 at 10:22 am, marking the end of the circumnavigation, and landed there at 10:31 a.m. after having been in the air for 94 hours and one minute, landing two minutes before the estimated time of arrival calculated at take-off.

En route, the aircraft was refueled four times by KB-29M Superfortresses, near Lajes Air Base in the Azores, Dhahran Airfield in Saudi Arabia, Clark Air Base in the Philippines, and Hickam Air Force Base in Hawaii, using the soon-to-be obsolete grappled-line looped-hose technique. Following the refueling near Luzon, Philippines, the refueling tanker encountered poor weather conditions and crashed on March 1, 1949, killing all nine crew aboard; the accident report was altered to state the tanker was on a routine training mission to keep the accident from casting a bad light on the *Lucky Lady II*'s successful circumnavigation.

The aircraft flew at altitudes between 10,000 to 20,000 ft (3,000 to 6,100 m) and completed the trip around the world at an average ground speed of 249 mph (401 km/h; 216 kn).

General Curtis LeMay, Strategic Air Command's commanding general, was on hand to greet *Lucky Lady II* upon its arrival, together with dignitaries including Secretary of the Air Force W. Stuart Symington, Air Force Chief of Staff General Hoyt S. Vandenberg, and Major General Roger M. Ramey, commanding general of the Eighth Air Force. LeMay said the mission showed that the Air Force could send bombers from the United States to "any place in the world that required the atomic bomb". He also said mid-air refueling could also be used for fighter aircraft. Symington noted that aerial refueling would "turn medium bombers into inter-continental bombers".

The aircraft's crew were each awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross and were honored by the National Aeronautic Association with its annual Mackay Trophy, recognizing the outstanding flight of the year and by the Air Force Association with its Air Age Trophy.

Another B-50 named *Global Queen* had taken off on February 25 with the same mission, but was forced to land at Lajes Air Base in the Azores due to an engine fire. Altogether, five B-50As were lined up by LeMay for the task in anticipation that at least one would succeed, and only four weeks were given to prepare the crews and logistics.

## Other aircraft named *Lucky Lady*

*Lucky Lady II* was the name of a B-17 of the 338th Bomb Squadron, which was shot down near Tielrode, Belgium, on 30 July 1943.

*Lucky Lady II* was also one of three similarly named aircraft, each of which was part of a historic circumnavigation on behalf of the United States Air Force:

*Lucky Lady I* was one of three Boeing B-29 Superfortresses that attempted a round-the-world trip in July–August 1948, flying from and back to Davis-Monthan Air Force Base in Arizona. One B-29 crashed in the Arabian Sea.

*Lucky Lady I,* commanded by First Lieutenant A.M. Neal, together with *Gas Gobbler,* commanded by Lieutenant Colonel R.W. Kline, completed the 20,000 mi (32,000 km; 17,000 nmi) flight in 15 days, after making eight stops along the way and flying for 103 hours and 50 minutes.

*Lucky Lady III* was one of three Boeing B-52 Stratofortresses that made the circumnavigation in January 1957 as part of Operation Power Flite, flying from Castle Air Force Base in California and completing the 24,325 mi (39,147 km; 21,138 nmi) flight in 45 hours and 19 minutes (at an average ground speed of 536 mph (863 km/h; 466 kn)) with the assistance of aerial refueling from KC-97 Stratofreighters. Eight years after *Lady II*, *Lady III* made the trip around the world in less than half the time required by *Lucky Lady II*.

## Status

The plane later suffered an accident, and only the fuselage was preserved. The fuselage of the aircraft, designated B-50A-5BO *46-0010*, is on display at Planes of Fame Museum in Chino, California.

* Operation Power Flite – B-52 around-the-world simulated bombing mission in 1957, with a total time airborne of 45 hours and 19 minutes
* Coronet Bat – B-1B around-the-world bombing mission in 1995, with a total time airborne of 36 hours and 13 minutes

## InfoBox

| *Lucky Lady II* | |
| --- | --- |
| *Lucky Lady II* (46-0010, below) being refuelled by a KB-29M (above) | |
| General information | |
| Type | Boeing B-50A-5-BO Superfortress |
| Owners | United States Air Force |
| Construction number | 15730 |
| Serial | 46-0010 |
| History | |
| In service | 1948–1950 |
| Preserved at | Planes of Fame Museum in Chino, California |
| Fate | Badly damaged in accident – fuselage preserved |


title: Teyba Erkesso

abstract: Teyba Erkesso Wako is an Ethiopian runner who specializes in road running as well as cross-country running. She began running for Ethiopia internationally at the age of sixteen and won her first gold medal at the 2002 IAAF World Cross Country Championships, helping the Ethiopian women to a team victory. She formed a key part of Ethiopian team competitions in her early career, helping them reach the podium at international events on numerous occasions. Her first individual medal came at the 2004 IAAF World Cross Country Championships, where she won the bronze medal in the short race. It was in road running competitions where she made her name. She won the Marseille-Cassis Classique Internationale at the age of 21 but only switched her focus to road running in 2007. After a fourth-place finish at the 2009 Chicago Marathon, she set a state record of 2:23:53 at the Houston Marathon. She won her first major events in 2010, placing first in the Ras Al Khaimah Half Marathon and then the Boston Marathon. She is perhaps known for pushing the pace during the middle of the race, as she did in Boston and Houston to break away.

text:
# Teyba Erkesso

**Teyba Erkesso Wako** (born 30 October 1982 in Arsi) is an Ethiopian runner who specializes in road running (including the half marathon and marathon) as well as cross-country running.

She began running for Ethiopia internationally at the age of sixteen and won her first gold medal at the 2002 IAAF World Cross Country Championships, helping the Ethiopian women to a team victory. She formed a key part of Ethiopian team competitions in her early career, helping them reach the podium at international events on numerous occasions. Her first individual medal came at the 2004 IAAF World Cross Country Championships, where she won the bronze medal in the short race.

It was in road running competitions where she made her name. She won the Marseille-Cassis Classique Internationale at the age of 21 but only switched her focus to road running in 2007. After a fourth-place finish at the 2009 Chicago Marathon, she set a state record of 2:23:53 at the Houston Marathon (a personal best). She won her first major events in 2010, placing first in the Ras Al Khaimah Half Marathon and then the Boston Marathon. She is perhaps known for pushing the pace during the middle of the race, as she did in Boston and Houston to break away.

## Career

Her first major competition representing Ethiopia was the 1999 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships, where she finished 38th overall at the age of sixteen. She improved to 20th place at the 2001 edition of the event, helping the Ethiopian women to the team bronze medal as a result. In the following year at the 2002 IAAF World Cross Country Championships she finished tenth and took the gold medal in the team competition with Ethiopia. She returned to the World Half Marathon Championships in 2003, but did not repeat her medal success, finishing in 21st place and fourth overall with the women's team. One of her first ever road racing wins was at the Marseille-Cassis Classique Internationale in 2003, where she finished the half marathon in 1:10:07.

In the 2004 season Erkesso took on both the long and short races at the 2004 IAAF World Cross Country Championships in Brussels. After finishing fifth in the long race and winning the team gold, she reached the global podium for the first time with a bronze medal in the short race and yet another team gold. She won the IAAF's Lotto Cross Cup Brussels cross country meeting twice consecutively in 2005 and 2006. She again ran in two races at the 2006 IAAF World Cross Country Championships, but was less successful on her second attempt. Although she finished twelfth and won a team gold medal in the short race, she was well off the pace in 46th position in the long race.

Erkesso was victorious at the Vancouver Sun Run 10K in 2007, and won the 2009 Bay to Breakers with a time of 38:29. That same year she just missed out on the podium at the Chicago Marathon, finishing in fourth place. She won the 2009 Houston Marathon in a state record time and improved it further with a second win in 2010, running 2:23:53. She set a new personal best at the Ras Al Khaimah Half Marathon in 2010, taking fourth place with a time of 1:07:41. She won her first World Marathon Major in April that year, winning the Boston Marathon with a time of 2:26:11. She led from the halfway point and increased her lead, just managing to hold off Tatyana Pushkareva in the final stages. In June she took part in the Freihofer's Run for Women and finished in fourth place, some distance off the winner Emily Chebet. She missed almost all of the 2011 season, with her sole appearance coming at the 2011 Boston Marathon, where she failed to finish. She also pulled out early on in her first race of 2012 at the Ottawa Marathon.

## Achievements

| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Representing  Ethiopia | | | | | |
| 1999 | World Half Marathon Championships | Palermo, Italy | 38th | Half marathon |  |
| 2001 | World Half Marathon Championships | Bristol, United Kingdom | 20th | Half marathon |  |
| | | | 3rd | Team |  |
| 2002 | World Cross Country Championships | Dublin, Ireland | 10th | Long race |  |
| | | | 1st | Team |  |
| 2003 | World Half Marathon Championships | Vilamoura, Portugal | 21st | Half Marathon |  |
| | | | 4th | Team |  |
| | Marseille-Cassis Classique Internationale | Marseille, France | 1st | Half Marathon |  |
| 2004 | World Cross Country Championships | Brussels, Belgium | 5th | Long race |  |
| | | | 1st | Team |  |
| | | | 3rd | Short race |  |
| | | | 1st | Team |  |
| | World Half Marathon Championships | New Delhi, India | 15th | Half marathon |  |
| | | 1st | Team |  |
| 2006 | World Cross Country Championships | Fukuoka, Japan | 12th | Short race |  |
| | | | 1st | Team |  |
| | | | 48th | Long race |  |
| | World Road Running Championships | Debrecen, Hungary | 10th | 20 km |  |
| | | 2nd | Team |  |
| 2007 | All-Africa Games | Algiers, Algeria | 5th | 10,000 m |  |
| 2009 | Houston Marathon | Houston, United States | 1st | Marathon | 2:24:15 |
| 2010 | Houston Marathon | Houston, United States | 1st | Marathon | 2:23:53 |
| | Boston Marathon | Boston, United States | 1st | Marathon | 2:26:11 |

## Personal bests

## InfoBox

Teyba Erkesso
| <br>Erkesso on the way to winning the 2010 Boston Marathon near halfway point | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Medal record | | |
| Women's athletics | | |
| Representing  Ethiopia | | |
| IAAF World Cross Country Championships | | |
|  | 2004 Brussels | Short race |


# List of USA Indoor Track and Field Championships winners (women)

The USA Indoor Track and Field Championships is an annual indoor track and field competition in the sport of athletics currently organized by USA Track & Field. It serves as the national championships for the sport in the United States. The venue of the championships is decided on an annual basis and sometimes indoor combined track and field events championships were held separately.

The Amateur Athletic Union held a women's championship for the first time in 1927, which has since been held annually with exceptions. The men's and women's championships have been held jointly since 1965. Following professionalization of the sport, the running of the national championships was taken over by The Athletics Congress of the USA (TAC) since 1980. TAC rebranded as USA Track & Field (USATF) in 1993.

The national championships for outdoor track and field and other sport of athletics disciplines are held separately from the indoor competition.

## Athletes with the most wins

As of 2024, not including relays:

| Rank | Athlete | Wins |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1st | Nancy Cowperthwaite-Phillips | 13 |
| 2nd | Diane Dixon | 11 |
| 3rd | Helen Stephens | 9 |
| | Joetta Clark Diggs | |
| | Martha Watson | |
| | Maren Seidler | |
| 7th | Stanisława Walasiewicz | 8 |
| | Willye White | |
| | Ajeé Wilson | |
| | Maria Michta-Coffey | |
| | Vashti Cunningham | |
| | Stacy Dragila | |
| | Jillian Camarena-Williams | |
| | Sue Brodock | |

## List of winners

### Track

#### 60 m (40 yards, 50 m, 50 yards, 60 yards, 55 m)

#### 400 m (440 yards, 300 m)

#### 800 m (880 yards, 1000 m)

#### Mile (1500 m)

#### 3000 m (2 miles)

#### 60 m hurdles (60 yards hurdles, 55 m hurdles, 50 m hurdles, 50 yards hurdles, 80 m hurdles, 70 yards hurdles)

#### Racewalking (mile walk, 3000 m walk)

### Field

#### High jump

#### Long jump (standing long jump)

#### Triple jump

#### Pole vault

#### Shot put

#### Weight throw

#### Pentathlon

### Discontinued events

#### 100 m (100 yards)

Event was 100 yards except for 1955.

#### 200 m (220 yards, 200 yards, 240 yards)

#### 600 m

#### Discus throw

#### Javelin throw

#### Basketball throw

Winners from 1906 to 2006 Official list (Archived)