title: Șagului

abstract: Șagului is one of the largest and most populated districts of Timișoara. It is located in the southern part of the city, being crossed by the homonymous road that connects the city with Șag. Șagului is considered the first neighborhood of blocks of flats in the city, created for labor migration produced when the communist regime decided to accelerate industrialization. Along the road, in the 1960s, collective houses of Soviet architecture with eight and ten floors were built, which had a propagandistic role, suggesting the greatness of communism. A total of 12,582 apartments were built for 44,000 people in Șagului and surrounding areas. At the exit from the city, on Calea Șagului, an industrial area with production halls was developed. There are also several shopping centers and showrooms of major car manufacturers.

text:
# Șagului

45°44′12″N 21°11′57″E / 45.7365313°N 21.1991473°E / 45.7365313; 21.1991473

**Șagului** is one of the largest and most populated districts of Timișoara. It is located in the southern part of the city, being crossed by the homonymous road (Calea Șagului) that connects the city with Șag. Șagului is considered the first neighborhood of blocks of flats in the city, created for labor migration produced when the communist regime decided to accelerate industrialization. Along the road, in the 1960s, collective houses of Soviet architecture with eight and ten floors were built, which had a propagandistic role, suggesting the greatness of communism. A total of 12,582 apartments were built for 44,000 people in Șagului and surrounding areas (Dâmbovița, Steaua, etc.).

At the exit from the city, on Calea Șagului, an industrial area with production halls was developed. There are also several shopping centers and showrooms of major car manufacturers.

## Transport

Șagului is crossed by European route E70 leading to Belgrade, county roads 591 (towards Cenei) and 595 (via Chișoda and Giroc), as well as by CFR lines 918 (Timișoara–Buziaș–Lugoj) and 922 (Timișoara–Stamora Moravița), which connect Timișoara with the commune of Șag and Serbia and provides the area with easy access to the city center and all the districts of Timișoara. At the same time, Timișoara Sud bypass crosses the southern edge of the district, connecting DN59 with DN6 towards Bucharest.

Is is the best served area in Timișoara by means of public transport: tram lines 2, 7 and 9; buses 3, 32, 33, 33b, E1, E7 and E8, trolleybuses 11, 13, 14 and 18; metropolitan lines M11, M14, M36, M37, M46 and M51; as well as the vaporetto line on the banks of the Bega Canal.


title: Every Weekend

abstract: Every Weekend is the third studio album by British electronic band Hadouken!. The album was initially set for release on 18 February 2013, but was released on 18 March 2013 via Surface Noise Records.

text:
# Every Weekend

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| NME |  |
| Supajam |  |
| Shieldsgazette |  |
| The Yorker | unfavourable |

***Every Weekend*** is the third studio album by British electronic band Hadouken!. The album was initially set for release on 18 February 2013, but was released on 18 March 2013 via Surface Noise Records.

## Track listing

| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Producer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "The Vortex" |  | Blokhead | 4:00 |
| 2. | "Levitate" |  |  | 4:45 |
| 3. | "Bliss Out" | * J. Smith * Van Sonderen * Roos * De Vlieger | Nightwatch | 3:23 |
| 4. | "As One" |  |  | 4:32 |
| 5. | "Parasite" | * J. Smith * Hill * Harris | Loadstar | 4:33 |
| 6. | "Bad Signal" |  |  | 3:56 |
| 7. | "Stop Time" | * J. Smith * Hill * Harris * Pott | Loadstar | 4:08 |
| 8. | "Spill Your Guts" | * J. Smith * Vallecorsa | Aeph | 4:04 |
| 9. | "The Comedown" | * J. Smith * Hill * Harris * Pott | Loadstar | 4:26 |
| 10. | "Daylight" (Drumsound & Bassline Smith featuring Hadouken!) |  | Drumsound & Bassline Smith | 2:59 |

Bonus tracks
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Producer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 11. | "Mecha Love" | * J. Smith * Hill * Harris | Loadstar | 4:25 |
| 12. | "Oxygen" | * J. Smith * Hill * Harris | Loadstar | 4:48 |

Japanese bonus track
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 13. | "Vessel" | 3:15 |

Notes * Track listing and credits from album booklet.
* **^a**  signifies a co-producer
* **^b**  signifies an additional producer
* "Bad Signal" features uncredited vocals from Yolanda Quartey.

Sample credits

## Personnel

Hadouken! * James Smith
* Alice Spooner
* Daniel Rice
* Christopher Purcell
* Nick Rice

Technical personnel * Aeph – production
* Blame - additional production
* Drumsound & Bassline Smith – production
* Greg "Wizard" Fleming - vocal mixing
* Henry "Hal" Ritson \- additional recording
* James K. Stanford - additional recording
* Joel Pott - writer
* Kev Willow - additional production
* Loadstar – production
* Nightwatch – production
* Sarah Decourcy - vocal production and recording
* Stuart Hawkes - mastering
* Wez Clarke - mixing
* Yolanda Quartey - backing vocals

## InfoBox

| Every Weekend | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Hadouken! | |
| Released | 18 March 2013 |
| Recorded | 2011−2013 |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 43:59 |
| Label | Surface Noise Records |
| Producer |  |
| Hadouken! chronology | |
| *For The Masses*
(2010) ***Every Weekend***
(2013) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *Every Weekend* | |
| 1. "Mecha Love"
Released: 18 October 2010 2. "Oxygen"
Released: 7 November 2010 3. "Parasite"
Released: 2 April 2012 4. "Bad Signal"
Released: 19 August 2012 5. "Levitate"
Released: 20 January 2013 | |
|  | |


title: Pelican Lagoon

abstract: Pelican Lagoon is a seawater lagoon in the Australian state of South Australia located on the north coast of Kangaroo Island about 18.7 kilometres south east of Kingscote. It was named by Matthew Flinders on 4 April 1802 after the large population of pelicans present in its waters and adjoining shorelines. Its role as fishery hatchery had been identified by the early 20th century with the result that fishing in its waters has been restricted in varying degrees. Since 1971, the entire lagoon was part of a marine protected area known as the American River Aquatic Reserve, where all fishing and the collection of marine organisms is prohibited. Since 2012, the Pelican Lagoon Sanctuary Zone has been within Encounter Marine Park and managed by National Parks South Australia. The lagoon is probably the oldest marine protected area in South Australia, having been protected since 1914.

text:
# Pelican Lagoon

**Pelican Lagoon** is a seawater lagoon in the Australian state of South Australia located on the north coast of Kangaroo Island about 18.7 kilometres (11.6 miles) south east of Kingscote. It was named by Matthew Flinders on 4 April 1802 after the large population of pelicans present in its waters and adjoining shorelines. Its role as fishery hatchery had been identified by the early 20th century with the result that fishing in its waters has been restricted in varying degrees.

Since 1971, the entire lagoon was part of a marine protected area known as the American River Aquatic Reserve (abolished 2016), where all fishing and the collection of marine organisms is prohibited. Since 2012, the Pelican Lagoon Sanctuary Zone has been within Encounter Marine Park and managed by National Parks South Australia. The lagoon is probably the oldest marine protected area in South Australia, having been protected since 1914.

## Description

Pelican Lagoon is a seawater lagoon located about 2.9 kilometres (1.8 miles) south of American River and about 18.7 kilometres (11.6 miles) south east of Kingscote. The lagoon is bounded by Dudley Peninsula to the east, the main body of Kangaroo Island to the west, an isthmus connecting the above-mentioned bodies of land to the south and an unnamed peninsula to the north that separates it from Eastern Cove. The lagoon is connected to Eastern Cove in Nepean Bay by an inlet named American River. Hog Bay Road which is the main road connecting Penneshaw to Kingscote passes on the east and south sides of the lagoon.

The lagoon itself consists of two branches - one on the east side and the other on the west side which was described as being the ‘southern branch’ by Flinders in 1802. The lagoon is drained of water by tidal flow via a narrow channel of 3 to 5 metres (9.8–16.4 ft) in depth and which passes through the west branch in order to reach the east branch. The tidal flow is reported as being as high as 3 kn (5.6 km/h; 3.5 mph).

The west branch has an average water depth of 0.9 metres (2 feet 11 inches) presumably at low water while the eastern branch has several deeper areas - the majority of its north side ranges in depth from 3 to 9.9 metres (9.8–32.5 ft) and its south side has a number of deeper areas in the range of 1 to 2.9 metres (3.3–9.5 ft).

### Islets

A number of islets are present within Pelican Lagoon. Six of these are named as follows (from east to west): Rabbit Islet, Bird Islet, Goanna Islet, Pig Islet, Wallaby Islet, Shag Rock and Samphire Islet.

## Flora and fauna

### Flora

#### Terrestrial

The islands within the lagoon support heathlands dominated by Coastal Daisybush and Thyme Riceflower. The coastline enclosing the lagoon supports a range of vegetation types dominated by heathlands of *Acacia leiophylla* and *Orthrosanthus multiflorus*, herb lands of *Senecio odoratus*, coastal mallee scrub of *Eucalyptus diversifolia*, samphire flats and grazed grasslands.

#### Intertidal and sub tidal

Samphire grows on the mud flats within the lagoon which are exposed at low water. The subtidal areas of the lagoon are dominated by the seagrass species of *Heterozostera tasmanica* and *Posidonia australis*. Various algae species are also present.

### Fauna

#### Terrestrial

Waterbirds that use the lagoon include nine species that breed in the locality such as the chestnut teal, pied oystercatcher, sooty oystercatcher and caspian tern. Seventeen waterbird species are listed on international migratory treaties with sixteen listed on the Japan-Australia Migratory Bird Agreement (JAMBA) and seventeen listed on the China-Australia Migratory Bird Agreement (CAMBA). As of 1996, Black tiger snakes were reported as being present on the islands within the lagoon.

#### Intertidal and sub tidal

The lagoon is reported as a breeding site for the little penguin. The lagoon supports a number of marine animal species considered to be commercially valuable. These include sand crab, king scallop, queen scallop, razorfish (*Pinna bicolor*), southern calamari, flathead, King George whiting, leatherjacket, red mullet, snook, Southern Sea garfish, tommy ruff, trevally and Western Australian salmon. The lagoon is also reported as being home for a pod of bottle-nosed dolphins.

## History

### European discovery and use

The lagoon was discovered by Flinders on 4 April 1802 and was named in recognition of the large pelican population present at the time. Since the establishment of South Australia, the lagoon has also been known as American River. The islands within the lagoon were mined for guano under licence from the South Australian Government prior to 1919. As early as May 1905, fishing by the use of nets was prohibited both in Pelican Lagoon and adjoining waters in both American River and Eastern Cove. As early as 1908, the role of ‘Pelican Lagoon on the American River’ as a hatchery area was acknowledged by the South Australian government via statements attributed to Mr. S. McIntosh, the then Deputy Chief Inspector of Fisheries. By early 1925, the lagoon was reported as being closed to all types of fishing. The islands within the lagoon first obtained protected area status as a fauna conservation reserve declared under the *Crown Lands Act 1929-1966* on 16 March 1967.

## Ports and other settlements

Pelican Lagoon is bounded to the west by the locality of Muston and to the south and to the east by the locality of Pelican Lagoon which both include land zoned for residential accommodation

## Protected area status

The lagoon is associated with three protected areas:

* American River Aquatic Reserve, which covered the entire lagoon, but was abolished in 2016.
* Pelican Lagoon Conservation Park, which includes five of the islands in the lagoon and much of the land on the peninsula to the north of the lagoon.
* Since 2012, the Pelican Lagoon Sanctuary Zone has been within Encounter Marine Park and managed by National Parks South Australia. The lagoon is probably the oldest marine protected area in South Australia, having been protected since 1914.

The lagoon is also appears on a list of nationally important wetlands in South Australia as part of the "American River Wetland System".

## Citations and references

### Citations

### References

## InfoBox

| Pelican Lagoon | |
| --- | --- |
| Pelican Lagoon | |
| Pelican LagoonLocation in South Australia | |
| Location | Kangaroo Island, South Australia |
| Coordinates | 35°49′10″S 137°47′24″E / 35.81944°S 137.79000°E / -35.81944; 137.79000 |
| Type | seawater lagoon |
| Basin countries | Australia |
|  | |
| Max. length | 4.5 km (2.8 mi). |
| Max. width | 6 km (3.7 mi) |
| Surface area | 1,520 ha (3,800 acres) |
| Max. depth | 10 m (33 ft) |
| Salinity | sea water |
|  | |
| Islands | Bird Islet, Goanna Islet, Pig Islet, Rabbit Islet, Shag Rock, Samphire Islet, Wallaby Islet and several unnamed islands |
| Settlements | Pelican Lagoon<br>Muston |


title: Phil Moore (actor)

abstract: Phil Moore is an American television host, writer, producer, and comedian best known as the host of the Nickelodeon game show Nick Arcade.

text:
# Phil Moore (actor)

**Phil Moore** (born August 24, 1961) is an American television host, writer, producer, and comedian best known as the host of the Nickelodeon game show *Nick Arcade*.

## Early life and career

Born and raised in Baltimore, Maryland, Moore attended Baltimore Polytechnic Institute, a magnet school. He attended Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University in Daytona Beach, Florida, and, after college, moved to Orlando, where he took a job at AT&T. During college, friends told him to do a local open mic night, which led him to do more standup and audience warm-up work for television shows.

He performed at comedy clubs in New York and Los Angeles, and appeared as an opener on shows such as *The Mickey Mouse Club* and *America's Funniest People*.

He temporarily moved to New York City to work behind the scenes on MTV's *Remote Control*, then moved back to Orlando to be with his wife and newborn son. While doing warmup work for Dick Clark on *Let's Make A Deal*, he was invited to audition for *Nick Arcade.*

After leaving Nickelodeon, Moore worked mainly behind the scenes as a writer and producer on a variety of programs.

Moore lives with his family in Los Angeles.

## Awards and nominations

| Year | Award | Work | Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2020 | Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Pre-School Children's Series | *Ryan's Mystery Playdate* | Nominated |
| 2002 | Emmy Award for Best Host/Interviewer | Aqua Kids | Won |
| | Videographer's Creativity Award | | |

## Filmography

| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1988 | *After School* | Basketball Player #2 | Drama film |
| 1992–97 | *Nick Arcade* | Himself; host | Game show |
| 1993 | *Weinerville* | Himself | 1 episode, Variety Show or Sitcom |
| 1993 | *What Would You Do?* | Himself | 1 episode, Game show |
| 1994 | *All That* | Himself | Guest appearance on the pilot episode |
| 1994 | *Nickelodeon All-Star Challenge* | Himself | 2 episodes, Game show |
| 1995 | *1995 Kids' Choice Awards* | Himself | Awards show |
| 1997 | *Rosewood* | Aaron Carrier | Film |
| 1997–99 | *Figure It Out* | Himself | Panelist |
| 1998 | *Malcolm & Eddie* | Nelson Carter | 1 episode, Bachelor Daze |
| 1998–99 | *You're On!* | Himself; host | Game show |
| 2000–05 | *Aqua Kids* | |  |
| 2002 | *30 Seconds to Fame* | Writer | Reality-TV |
| 2004 | *X-Play* | Segment producer | Talk-Show |
| 2004-2008 | *How Do I Look?* | Writer | Reality-TV | Seasons 1-7 |
| 2005 | *Exposed: 25 Most Notorious Moments of Fashion Week* | Writer | History |
| 2008-2010 | *Clean House Comes Clean* | Story producer | Reality-TV |
| 2012 | *Showhouse Showdown* | Story producer | Reality-TV |
| 2013 | *Let's Ask America* | Writer | Season 2 Game Show |
| 2014 | *Dr. Luciana Show: Aging and Falling* | Cinematographer | Talk Show |
| 2015 | *Crowded House* | Himself | 1 episode, Reality-TV |
| 2015 | *The Xperiment* | Story producer | Season 1, Comedy |
| 2015 | *TMI Hollywood* | Host / Various | Comedy |
| 2016–present | *Let's Make A Deal Live Tour* | Himself; announcer/co-host |  |
| 2016, 2018 | *Robot Chicken* | Himself | 2 episodes |
| 2017 | *On Your Marc* | Himself | Documentary |
| 2018 | *The Orange Years: The Nickelodeon Story* | Himself | Documentary |
| 2019 | *Drop That Seat* | Challenge producer | Game-Show |
| 2019-2020 | *Ryan's Mystery Playdate* | Sr, Challenge producer |  | Wrapping Rapper ("Ryan's Merry Playdate")
Veloci-Rapper ("Ryan's Prehistoric Playdate")
Cap'n Rappin ("Ryan's Swashbucklin' Playdate") | Seasons 1, 2 & 3 \[Emmy nominated, season 3\] |
| 2020 | *Dare Package* | Challenge producer | Season 1 |
| 2020 | *Chasing the Crown: Dreamers to Streamers* | Sr, Challenge producer | 8 episodes |
| 2021 | *Tooned In* | Producer | Game Show |
| 2021 | *The Wheel"* | Challenge Producer | Game Show |
| 2021 | *Love Island USA*, season 3 | Challenge Producer | Reality competition show |
| 2021 | *Celebrity Game Face*, season 3 | Challenge Producer | Comedy game show |
| 2022 | *Exposure*, season 2 | Sr, Challenge Producer | Reality competition show |
| 2022 | *Mr. Beast* | Content Creator/Producer |
| 2022 | *Celebrity Game Face*, season 4 | Challenge Producer | Comedy game show |

## InfoBox

| Phil Moore | |
| --- | --- |
| Moore at the 2017 Game On Expo | |
| Born | (1961-08-24) August 24, 1961
Baltimore, Maryland |
| Occupation(s) | Host, producer, writer, comedian |
| Years active | 1986–present |


abstract: The Seattle Seahawks joined the National Football League (NFL) in 1976 with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. They participated in their first draft, the 1976 NFL draft and selected Steve Niehaus, a defensive tackle from Notre Dame. The team's most recent first-round selections were in 2023, which included the selection of Devon Witherspoon, a cornerback. Every year during April, each NFL franchise seeks to add new players to its roster through a collegiate draft known as "the NFL Annual Player Selection Meeting", which is more commonly known as the NFL Draft. Teams are ranked in inverse order based on the previous season's record, with the worst record picking first, and the second worst picking second and so on. The two exceptions to this order are made for teams that appeared in the previous Super Bowl; the Super Bowl champion always picks 32nd, and the Super Bowl loser always picks 31st. Teams have the option of trading away their picks to other teams for different picks, players, cash, or a combination thereof. Thus, it is not uncommon for a team's actual draft pick to differ from their assigned draft pick, or for a team to have extra or no draft picks in any round due to these trades. The Seahawks have never selected the number one overall pick in any draft, although they have selected the second overall pick twice, the third overall pick three times and the fourth overall pick twice. The team's three selections from Notre Dame are the most chosen by the Seahawks from one university.

text:
# List of Seattle Seahawks first-round draft picks

The Seattle Seahawks joined the National Football League (NFL) in 1976 with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. They participated in their first draft, the 1976 NFL draft and selected Steve Niehaus, a defensive tackle from Notre Dame. The team's most recent first-round selections were in 2023, which included the selection of Devon Witherspoon, a cornerback.

Every year during April, each NFL franchise seeks to add new players to its roster through a collegiate draft known as "the NFL Annual Player Selection Meeting", which is more commonly known as the NFL Draft. Teams are ranked in inverse order based on the previous season's record, with the worst record picking first, and the second worst picking second and so on. The two exceptions to this order are made for teams that appeared in the previous Super Bowl; the Super Bowl champion *always* picks 32nd, and the Super Bowl loser *always* picks 31st. Teams have the option of trading away their picks to other teams for different picks, players, cash, or a combination thereof. Thus, it is not uncommon for a team's actual draft pick to differ from their assigned draft pick, or for a team to have extra or no draft picks in any round due to these trades.

The Seahawks have never selected the number one overall pick in any draft, although they have selected the second overall pick twice, the third overall pick three times and the fourth overall pick twice. The team's three selections from Notre Dame are the most chosen by the Seahawks from one university.

## Key

| ^ | Inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | The Seahawks did not draft a player in the first round that year. |
| Year | Each year links to an article about that particular NFL Draft. |
| Pick | Indicates the number of the pick within the first round |
| Position | Indicates the position of the player in the NFL |
| College | The player's college football team |

## Player selections

Seattle Seahawks first-round draft picks
| Year | Pick | Player name | Position | College | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1976 | 2 | Steve Niehaus | DT | Notre Dame |  |
| 1977 | 14 | Steve August |  | Tulsa |  |
| 1978 | 9 | Keith Simpson | DB | Memphis State |  |
| 1979 | 18 | Manu Tuiasosopo | DT | UCLA |  |
| 1980 | 10 | Jacob Green | DE | Texas A&M |  |
| 1981 | 4 | Kenny Easley^ |  | UCLA |  |
| 1982 | 6 | Jeff Bryant | DE | Clemson |  |
| 1983 | 3 | Curt Warner | RB | Penn State |  |
| 1984 | 22 | Terry Taylor | CB | Southern Illinois |  |
| 1985 | *No pick* | | | |  |
| 1986 | 15 | John L. Williams | FB | Florida |  |
| 1987 | 18 | Tony Woods | LB | Pittsburgh |  |
| 1988 | 22 | Brian Bosworth | LB | Oklahoma |  |
| 1989 | 15 | Andy Heck | OT | Notre Dame |  |
| 1990 | 3 | Cortez Kennedy^ | DT | Miami |  |
| 1991 | 16 | Dan McGwire | QB | San Diego State |  |
| 1992 | 10 | Ray Roberts | OT | Virginia |  |
| 1993 | 2 | Rick Mirer | QB | Notre Dame |  |
| 1994 | 8 | Sam Adams | DT | Texas A&M |  |
| 1995 | 8 | Joey Galloway | WR | Ohio State |  |
| 1996 | 21 | Pete Kendall | OT | Boston College |  |
| 1997 | 3 | Shawn Springs | CB | Ohio State |  |
| | 6 | Walter Jones^ | OT | Florida State |  |
| 1998 | 15 | Anthony Simmons | LB | Clemson |  |
| 1999 | 22 | Lamar King | DE | Saginaw Valley State |  |
| 2000 | 19 | Shaun Alexander | RB | Alabama |  |
| | 22 | Chris McIntosh | OT | Wisconsin |  |
| 2001 | 9 | Koren Robinson | WR | North Carolina State |  |
| | 17 | Steve Hutchinson^ |  | Michigan |  |
| 2002 | 28 | Jerramy Stevens | TE | Washington |  |
| 2003 | 11 | Marcus Trufant | CB | Washington State |  |
| 2004 | 23 | Marcus Tubbs | DT | Texas |  |
| 2005 | 26 | Chris Spencer |  | Mississippi |  |
| 2006 | 31 | Kelly Jennings | CB | Miami |  |
| 2007 | *No pick* | | | |  |
| 2008 | 28 | Lawrence Jackson | DE | Southern California |  |
| 2009 | 4 | Aaron Curry | LB | Wake Forest |  |
| 2010 | 6 | Russell Okung | OT | Oklahoma State |  |
| | 14 | Earl Thomas |  | Texas |  |
| 2011 | 25 | James Carpenter | OG | Alabama |  |
| 2012 | 15 | Bruce Irvin | DE | West Virginia |  |
| 2013 | *No pick* | | | |  |
| 2014 | |  |
| 2015 | |  |
| 2016 | 31 | Germain Ifedi | / | Texas A&M |  |
| 2017 | *No pick* | | | |  |
| 2018 | 27 | Rashaad Penny | RB | San Diego State |  |
| 2019 | 29 | L. J. Collier | DE | TCU |  |
| 2020 | 27 | Jordyn Brooks | LB | Texas Tech |  |
| 2021 | *No pick* | | | |  |
| 2022 | 9 | Charles Cross | OT | Mississippi State |  |
| 2023 | 5 | Devon Witherspoon | CB | Illinois |  |
| | 20 | Jaxon Smith-Njigba | WR | Ohio State |  |
| 2024 | 16 | Byron Murphy II | DT | Texas |  |

## Footnotes


title: Uncial 059

abstract: Uncial 059, ε 09 (Soden), is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament, dated paleographically to the 4th or 5th century.

text:
# Uncial 059

**Uncial 059** (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 09 (Soden), is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament, dated paleographically to the 4th or 5th century.

## Description

The codex contains a part of the Gospel of Mark (15:29-38), on 1 parchment leaf (15 cm by 11 cm). The text is written in one column per page, 19 lines per page.

The leaf designated by 059 came from the same manuscript as 0215 (Mark 15:20-21,26-27).

## Text

The Greek text of this codex is a representative of the Alexandrian text-type. Aland placed it in Category III.

## History

Currently it is dated by the INTF to the 4th or 5th century.

The manuscript was examined by Karl Wessely, Guglielmo Cavallo, and Pasquale Orsini. Gregory added it to the list of New Testament manuscripts.

The codex is located at the Austrian National Library, in Vienna. Leaf 059 has number of catalogue Pap. G. 39779, and leaf 0215 – Pap. G. 36112.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

Uncial **059**
| **New Testament manuscript** | |
| --- | --- |
| Fragment with Mark 15:29-33 | |
| Text | Mark 15 |
| Date | 4th/5th century |
| Script | Greek |
| Now at | Austrian National Library |
| Size | 15 x 11 cm |
| Type | Alexandrian text-type |
| Category | III |


title: List of historic states of Germany

text:
# List of historic states of Germany

Germany is traditionally a country organized as a federal state. After the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, the German-speaking territories of the empire became allied in the German Confederation (1815–1866), a league of states with some federalistic elements. After the Austro-Prussian War, Prussia led the Northern states into a federal state called the North German Confederation (1867–1870). The Southern states joined the federal state in 1870/71, which was consequently renamed the German Empire (1871–1918). The state continued as the Weimar Republic (1919–1933).

Present-day Germany is a federal republic which combines the States of Germany.

## States of the German Confederation

| State | | Capital |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Empires** (*Kaisertümer*) | | |
|  | **Austria** (*Österreich*)
(only western Cisleithania) | Vienna |
| **Kingdoms** (*Königreiche*) | | |
|  | **Bavaria** (*Bayern*) | Munich |
|  | **Hanover** (*Hannover*) | Hanover |
|  | **Prussia** (*Preußen*)
(excluding Posen, East Prussia and West Prussia) | Berlin |
|  | **Saxony** (*Sachsen*) | Dresden |
|  | **Württemberg** | Stuttgart |
| **Electorates** (*Kurfürstentum*) | | |
|  | **Hesse-Kassel** (*Hessen-Kassel*) | Kassel |
| **Grand Duchies** (*Großherzogtümer*) | | |
|  | **Baden** | Karlsruhe |
|  | **Hesse-Darmstadt** (*Hessen-Darmstadt*) | Darmstadt |
|  | **Luxembourg** (*Luxemburg*) | Luxembourg |
|  | **Mecklenburg-Schwerin** | Schwerin |
|  | **Mecklenburg-Strelitz** | Neustrelitz |
|  | **Oldenburg** | Oldenburg |
|  | **Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach** (*Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach*) | Weimar |
| **Duchies** (*Herzogtümer*) | | |
|  | **Anhalt** – from 1863 | Dessau |
|  | **Brunswick** (*Braunschweig*) | Braunschweig |
|  | **Holstein** | Glückstadt |
|  | **Limburg** – from 1839 | N/A |
|  | **Nassau** | Wiesbaden |
|  | **Saxe-Altenburg** (*Sachsen-Altenburg*) – from 1826 | Altenburg |
|  | **Saxe-Coburg and Gotha** (*Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha*) – from 1826 | Coburg |
|  | **Saxe-Lauenburg** | Ratzeburg |
|  | **Saxe-Meiningen** (*Sachsen-Meiningen*) | Meiningen |
| **Principalities** (*Fürstentümer*) | | |
|  | **Hohenzollern-Hechingen** – to Prussia in 1850 | Hechingen |
|  | **Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen** – to Prussia in 1850 | Sigmaringen |
|  | **Liechtenstein** | Vaduz |
|  | **Lippe** | Detmold |
|  | **Reuss-Gera (Junior Line)** | Gera |
|  | **Reuss-Greiz (Elder Line)** | Greiz |
|  | **Schaumburg-Lippe** | Bückeburg |
|  | **Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt** | Rudolstadt |
|  | **Schwarzburg-Sondershausen** | Sondershausen |
|  | **Waldeck and Pyrmont** *(Waldeck und Pyrmont)* | Arolsen |
| **Landgraviates** (*Landgrafschaft*) | | |
|  | **Hesse-Homburg** *(Hessen-Homburg)* – from 1817 | Bad Homburg |
| **Free Cities** (*Freie Städte*) | | |
|  | **Bremen** | |
|  | **Frankfurt** | |
|  | **Hamburg** | |
|  | **Lübeck** | |
| **States merged to form Anhalt** | | |
|  | **Anhalt-Dessau** – merged with Anhalt-Bernburg in 1863 | Dessau |
|  | **Anhalt-Bernburg** – merged with Anhalt-Dessau in 1863 | Bernburg |
|  | **Anhalt-Köthen** – merged with Anhalt-Dessau in 1853 | Köthen |
| **States split between Saxe-Coburg-Gotha,
Saxe-Meiningen, and Saxe-Altenburg in 1826** | | |
|  | **Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg** (*Sachsen-Gotha-Altenburg*) | Gotha |
|  | **Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld** (*Sachsen-Coburg-Saalfeld*) | Coburg |
|  | **Saxe-Hildburghausen** (*Sachsen-Hildburghausen*) | Hildburghausen |

In 1864, Austria and Prussia together became the new sovereign of Holstein (a member of the confederation) and Schleswig (outside the confederation).

## States of the North German Confederation

| State | | Capital |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Kingdoms** (*Königreiche*) | | |
|  | **Prussia** (*Preußen*) as a whole
(including Lauenburg) | Berlin |
|  | **Saxony** (*Sachsen*) | Dresden |
| **Grand Duchies** (*Großherzogtümer*) | | |
|  | **Hesse** (*Hessen*)
(Only Upper Hesse, the province north of the river Main) | Giessen |
|  | **Mecklenburg-Schwerin** | Schwerin |
|  | **Mecklenburg-Strelitz** | Neustrelitz |
|  | **Oldenburg** | Oldenburg |
|  | **Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach** (*Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach*) | Weimar |
| **Duchies** (*Herzogtümer*) | | |
|  | **Anhalt** | Dessau |
|  | **Brunswick** (*Braunschweig*) | Braunschweig |
|  | **Saxe-Altenburg** (*Sachsen-Altenburg*) | Altenburg |
|  | **Saxe-Coburg and Gotha** (*Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha*) | Coburg |
|  | **Saxe-Meiningen** (*Sachsen-Meiningen*) | Meiningen |
| **Principalities** (*Fürstentümer*) | | |
|  | **Lippe** | Detmold |
|  | **Reuss-Gera (Junior Line)** | Gera |
|  | **Reuss-Greiz (Elder Line)** | Greiz |
|  | **Schaumburg-Lippe** | Bückeburg |
|  | **Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt** | Rudolstadt |
|  | **Schwarzburg-Sondershausen** | Sondershausen |
|  | **Waldeck and Pyrmont** (*Waldeck und Pyrmont*) | Arolsen |
| **Free and Hanseatic Cities** (*Freie und Hansestädte*) | | |
|  | **Bremen** | |
|  | **Hamburg** | |
|  | **Lübeck** | |

## States of the German Empire

| State | | Capital |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Kingdoms** (*Königreiche*) | | |
|  | **Prussia** (*Preußen*) as a whole | Berlin |
|  | **Bavaria** (*Bayern*) | Munich |
|  | **Saxony** (*Sachsen*) | Dresden |
|  | **Württemberg** | Stuttgart |
| **Grand Duchies** (*Großherzogtümer*) | | |
|  | **Baden** | Karlsruhe |
|  | **Hesse** (*Hessen*) | Darmstadt |
|  | **Mecklenburg-Schwerin** | Schwerin |
|  | **Mecklenburg-Strelitz** | Neustrelitz |
|  | **Oldenburg** | Oldenburg |
|  | **Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach** (*Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach*) | Weimar |
| **Duchies** (*Herzogtümer*) | | |
|  | **Anhalt** | Dessau |
|  | **Brunswick** (*Braunschweig*) | Braunschweig |
|  | **Saxe-Altenburg** (*Sachsen-Altenburg*) | Altenburg |
|  | **Saxe-Coburg and Gotha** (*Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha*) | Coburg |
|  | **Saxe-Meiningen** (*Sachsen-Meiningen*) | Meiningen |
| **Principalities** (*Fürstentümer*) | | |
|  | **Lippe** | Detmold |
|  | **Reuss-Gera (Junior Line)** | Gera |
|  | **Reuss-Greiz (Elder Line)** | Greiz |
|  | **Schaumburg-Lippe** | Bückeburg |
|  | **Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt** | Rudolstadt |
|  | **Schwarzburg-Sondershausen** | Sondershausen |
|  | **Waldeck and Pyrmont** (*Waldeck und Pyrmont*) | Arolsen |
| **Free and Hanseatic Cities** (*Freie und Hansestädte*) | | |
|  | **Bremen** | |
|  | **Hamburg** | |
|  | **Lübeck** | |
| **Imperial Territories** (*Reichsländer*) | | |
|  | **Alsace–Lorraine** (*Elsass-Lothringen*) | Straßburg |

## States of the Weimar Republic

| State | | Capital |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Free States** (*Freistaaten*) | | |
|  | **Anhalt** | Dessau |
|  | **Baden** | Karlsruhe |
|  | **Bavaria** (*Bayern*) | Munich |
|  | **Brunswick** (*Braunschweig*) | Braunschweig |
|  | **Coburg** – to Bavaria in 1920 | Coburg |
|  | **Hesse** (*Hessen*) | Darmstadt |
|  | **Lippe** | Detmold |
|  | **Mecklenburg-Schwerin** | Schwerin |
|  | **Mecklenburg-Strelitz** | Neustrelitz |
|  | **Oldenburg** | Oldenburg |
|  | **Prussia** (*Preußen*) | Berlin |
|  | **Saxony** (*Sachsen*) | Dresden |
|  | **Schaumburg-Lippe** | Bückeburg |
|  | **Thuringia** (*Thüringen*) – from 1920 | Weimar |
|  | **Waldeck-Pyrmont** – to Prussia
(Pyrmont joined Prussia in 1921, Waldeck followed in 1929) | Arolsen |
|  | **Württemberg** | Stuttgart |
| **Free and Hanseatic Cities** *(Freie und Hansestädte)* | | |
|  | **Bremen** | |
|  | **Hamburg** | |
|  | **Lübeck** | |
| **States merged to form Thuringia in 1920** | | |
|  | **Gotha** | Gotha |
|  | **Reuss** | Gera |
|  | **Saxe-Altenburg** (*Sachsen-Altenburg*) | Altenburg |
|  | **Saxe-Meiningen** (*Sachsen-Meiningen*) | Meiningen |
|  | **Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach** (*Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach*) | Weimar |
|  | **Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt** | Rudolstadt |
|  | **Schwarzburg-Sondershausen** | Sondershausen |


title: Viviry River

abstract: The Viviry River is a river that runs through the municipalities of Saint-Lazare, Vaudreuil-Dorion and Hudson in Quebec, Canada and empties out into the lac des Deux Montagnes, at Sandy Beach and Parsons Point. The physiographic unit is known as the Viviry River Valley.

text:
# Viviry River

The **Viviry River** is a river that runs through the municipalities of Saint-Lazare, Vaudreuil-Dorion and Hudson in Quebec, Canada and empties out into the lac des Deux Montagnes, at Sandy Beach and Parsons Point. The physiographic unit is known as the Viviry River Valley.

## Origin of name

The name that the Anishinaabe gave to this river is unknown. The current name of the river is for the family of Marcellin Farand dit Vivaret who first settled on lot 3 in the 1st concession above Point Cavagnal in 1750. His son, Paul Vivarais was the first colonial occupant of lot 24 in the Seigneur’s terrier (lot 24 being where the Viviry river has its mouth). The variations in spelling the river’s name Vivaret, Viviri, Vivri, Vivivery. The name Viviry was made official in 1968. Previous to that time it was known as *Rivière Vivarais*.

## Flora and fauna

From the top to the bottom the Viviry is rich with a strong diversity of species and forest types. Its source is in the forested bog of the Saint-Lazare plateau, then runs through the Wetland plain and oldfield habitat shared between the municipalities of Vaudreuil-Dorion and Saint-Lazare. It winds its way around the south facing slopes of Hudson until it reaches Parc nature Sandy Beach Sandy Beach hosts a variety of species such as (North American beavers, map turtles, foxes, heron and deer as well as a fragile flora growing beneath old growth eastern hemlock and a floodplain ecology over the majority of the site. The Viviry River valley watershed great ecological interest due to the number and quality of wetlands that should be preserved for future generations.

## InfoBox

| Viviry River | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | Quebec |
| Region | Montérégie |
| RCM | Vaudreuil-Soulanges |
| Physical characteristics | |
|  | |
| Source | Rivers |
| location | Hudson |
| coordinates | 45°26′35″N 74°11′07″W / 45.443139°N 74.185256°W / 45.443139; -74.185256 |
|  | |
| Mouth | Lac des Deux Montagnes |
| location | Hudson |
| coordinates | 45°27′36″N 74°08′04″W / 45.46°N 74.13445°W / 45.46; -74.13445 |
| Length | \< 10 km (6.2 mi) |
| Basin features | |
| River system | Kichissippi |
| Landmarks | Hudson |


title: Trouble in Sundown

abstract: Trouble in Sundown is a 1939 American Western film directed by David Howard, using a screenplay by Oliver Drake, Dorrell McGowan and Stuart McGowan, based on a story by Charles F. Royal. Starring George O'Brien, Rosalind Keith, Ray Whitley, and Chill Wills, the film was produced and distributed by RKO Radio Pictures, released on March 24, 1939.

text:
# Trouble in Sundown

***Trouble in Sundown*** is a 1939 American Western film directed by David Howard, using a screenplay by Oliver Drake, Dorrell McGowan and Stuart McGowan, based on a story by Charles F. Royal.

Starring George O'Brien, Rosalind Keith, Ray Whitley, and Chill Wills, the film was produced and distributed by RKO Radio Pictures, released on March 24, 1939.

## Plot

In the Old West town of Sundown, a banker named Cameron is suspected of a robbery because he was the only person who knew the vault lock's combination. When a corrupt land owner, Ross Daggett, tries to exact vigilante justice, rancher Clint Bradford goes to the aid of June Cameron, the banker's daughter, and hides her father. Daggett and his men find Cameron and try to force him into writing a false suicide note admitting the robbery before they kill him. They are interrupted by Clint and a deputy sheriff, who is shot and killed by Daggett's henchmen. The sheriff suspects not only Cameron of the robbery and the deputy's murder, but also believes Clint and June are covering for him. Daggett calls a meeting of the bank's depositors, where a bank examiner closes the bank for sixty days after which Daggett, as receiver, will liquidate the bank's assets unless Cameron is brought to justice sooner. Clint investigates Tex and Dusty (Daggett's henchmen), and suspects Daggett was behind the bank's robbery. At Cameron's trial, Clint tricks Daggett into revealing the vault's combination, thus implicating Daggett and his gang. Clint proposes marriage to June by telling her to change the name on his bank accounts to "Mr. and Mrs. Bradford." They kiss implying June's acceptance of the proposal.

## Cast

## InfoBox

| Trouble in Sundown | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | David Howard
Sam Ruman (assistant) |
| Screenplay by | Oliver Drake
Dorrell McGowan
Stuart McGowan |
| Story by | Charles F. Royal |
| Produced by | Bert Gilroy |
| Starring | George O'Brien
Rosalind Keith
Ray Whitley
Chill Wills |
| Cinematography | Harry Wild |
| Edited by | Frederic Knudtson |
| Music by | Roy Webb |
| Production
company | RKO Radio Pictures |
| Release date | * March 24, 1939 (1939-03-24) (*US*) |
| Running time | 60 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: Pellegrinia

abstract: Pellegrinia is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Ericaceae. It is native to Colombia and Peru in western South America. The genus name of Pellegrinia is in honour of François Pellegrin (1881–1965), a French botanist, who specialised in the plants of tropical Africa. It was first described and published in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem Vol.12 on page 287 in 1935.

text:
# Pellegrinia

***Pellegrinia*** is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Ericaceae.

It is native to Colombia and Peru in western South America.

The genus name of *Pellegrinia* is in honour of François Pellegrin (1881–1965), a French botanist, who specialised in the plants of tropical Africa. It was first described and published in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem Vol.12 on page 287 in 1935.

## Known species

According to Kew:

## InfoBox

| *Pellegrinia* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Ericales |
| Family: | Ericaceae |
| Genus: | *Pellegrinia*<br>Sleumer |
|


title: Phil Quinlan

abstract: Philip Edward Quinlan is a former professional footballer, who played as a midfielder and striker for Huddersfield Town, Everton, and Southport FC.

text:
# Phil Quinlan

**Philip Edward Quinlan** (born 17 April 1971 in Madrid) is a former professional footballer, who played as a midfielder and striker for Huddersfield Town, Everton, and Southport FC.

* Ian Thomas, Owen Thomas, Alan Hodgson, John Ward (2007). *99 Years and Counting: Stats and Stories*. Huddersfield Town A.F.C. ISBN 978-0955728105.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

## InfoBox

Phil Quinlan
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Philip Edward Quinlan | | |
| Date of birth | (1971-04-17) 17 April 1971 | | |
| Place of birth | Madrid, Spain | | |
| Position(s) | Midfielder | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1989–1991 | Everton | 2 | (0) |
| 1991 | Huddersfield Town (loan) | 10 | (2) |
| 1992–1993 | Southport FC | 24 | (8) |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Umm Al Quwain Fort

abstract: Umm Al Quwain Fort, also known as the Al Ali Fort, is located in the city of Umm Al Quwain in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). It was the seat of the rulers of Umm Al Quwain and the centre of government in the emirate until 1969. It was used as a police station before the fort was restored and opened to the public in 2000 by Sheikh Rashid Bin Ahmed Al Mualla, the Ruler of Umm Al Quwain at the time. Today it houses the Umm Al Quwain National Museum. Exhibits include artefacts from the important archaeological site of Ed-Dur. The Fort is located in the Madeena Al Qadeema or old souq area of Umm Al Quwain, the most traditional remaining area of the emirate's capital.

text:
# Umm Al Quwain Fort

**Umm Al Quwain Fort**, also known as the **Al Ali Fort**, is located in the city of Umm Al Quwain in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). It was the seat of the rulers of Umm Al Quwain and the centre of government in the emirate until 1969. It was used as a police station before the fort was restored and opened to the public in 2000 by Sheikh Rashid Bin Ahmed Al Mualla, the Ruler of Umm Al Quwain at the time.

Today it houses the Umm Al Quwain National Museum. Exhibits include artefacts from the important archaeological site of Ed-Dur.

The Fort is located in the *Madeena Al Qadeema* or old souq area of Umm Al Quwain, the most traditional remaining area of the emirate's capital.

## History

The Al Ali Fort was built in 1768 by the founder of the modern Al Mualla dynasty, Sheikh Rashid Bin Majid Al Mualla. Sheikh Hamad Bin Ibrahim Al Mualla was murdered in the fort in 1929 – shot and killed on 9 February 1929, by a slave called Saeed from the household of Hamad's blind uncle, Abdelrahman bin Ahmed Al Mualla.

Hamad was succeeded by Ahmad bin Rashid Al Mualla following a colourful incident whereby the population of the town rose up against Abdelrahman and Saeed, who had barricaded themselves in the fort. Abandoning their initial plan of firing on the fort with a cannon, the people of the town instead elected to set a fire around the walls of the fort and in this conflagration both Abrelrahman and Saeed were killed. The British considered the whole affair to be highly suspicious and suspected Sultan bin Saqr Al Qasimi of Sharjah of involvement, but confirmed the young Ahmed as a Trucial Ruler nonetheless.

### Falaj Al Mualla Fort

A second fort in Umm Al Quwain, built in 1825, is to be found in the inland town of Falaj Al Mualla (previously known as *Falaj Al Ali*). Restored in a nine-year project, the fort opened to the public in 2015.


title: List of girls' schools in Hong Kong

text:
# List of girls' schools in Hong Kong

Here are lists of schools which only admit girls in Hong Kong.

## Hong Kong Island

Central and Western District

Secondary Aided

Primary Aided

* Sacred Heart Canossian School (嘉諾撒聖心學校)
* St Stephen's Girls' Primary School (聖士提反女子中學附屬小學)

Primary Private

* Sacred Heart Canossian School, Private Section (嘉諾撒聖心學校私立部)
* St Clare's Primary School (聖嘉勒小學)

Kindergarten

* St Clare's Primary School (聖嘉勒小學)
* St Stephen's Girls' College Kindergarten (聖士提反女子中學附屬幼稚園)

Eastern District

Secondary Government

Secondary Aided

Southern District

Secondary Aided

Primary Aided

* Pui Tak Canossian Primary School (嘉諾撒培德學校)

Special Aided

* Marycove School (瑪利灣學校)

Wan Chai District

Secondary Government

Secondary Aided

Secondary Direct Subsidy Scheme

Primary Aided

* Marymount Primary School (瑪利曼小學)
* St Francis' Canossian School (嘉諾撒聖方濟各學校)

Primary Private

* St Paul's Convent School (Primary Section) (聖保祿學校（小學部）)
* St Paul's Primary Catholic School (聖保祿天主教小學)

## Kowloon

Kowloon City District

Secondary Aided

Secondary Direct Subsidy

Primary Aided

* Heep Yunn Primary School (協恩中學附屬小學)
* Holy Angels Canossian School (天神嘉諾撒學校)
* Holy Family Canossian School (Kowloon Tong) (嘉諾撒聖家學校（九龍塘）)
* Holy Family Canossian School (嘉諾撒聖家學校)
* Maryknoll Convent School (Primary Section) (瑪利諾修院學校（小學部）)
* St Rose of Lima's School (聖羅撒學校)

Kindergarten

* Heep Yunn School Private Kindergarten (協恩中學附屬幼稚園)

Others

* Integritas Education Centre (品學堂教育中心)

Kwun Tong District

Secondary Aided

Special Aided

Sham Shui Po District

Secondary Aided

Wong Tai Sin District

Secondary Aided

Secondary Direct Subsidy

Private Primary

* Good Hope Primary School cum Kindergarten (德望小學暨幼稚園)
* Our Lady's Primary School (聖母小學)

Special Aided

* Caritas Pelletier School (明愛培立學校)

Kindergarten

* Good Hope Primary School cum Kindergarten

Yau Tsim Mong District

Secondary Aided

Secondary Direct Subsidy

Primary Aided

* St Mary's Canossian School (嘉諾撒聖瑪利學校)

Primary Private

* Diocesan Girls' Junior School (拔萃女小學)

## New Territories

East

Sha Tin District

West

Kwai Tsing District

Tuen Mun District

## Former girls' schools


title: Lucrezia Borgia (1947 film)

abstract: Lucrezia Borgia is a 1947 Argentine historical film directed by Luis Bayón Herrera and starring Olinda Bozán, Héctor Quintanilla and Gogó Andreu. The film portrays the life of Lucrezia Borgia (1480-1519). The film's sets were designed by the art director Juan Manuel Concado.

text:
# Lucrezia Borgia (1947 film)

***Lucrezia Borgia*** (Spanish:***Lucrecia Borgia***) is a 1947 Argentine historical film directed by Luis Bayón Herrera and starring Olinda Bozán, Héctor Quintanilla and Gogó Andreu. The film portrays the life of Lucrezia Borgia (1480-1519).

The film's sets were designed by the art director Juan Manuel Concado.

## Cast

1. Gillespie, Engel & Dieterle p.689

## Bibliography

* Gillespie, Gerald & Engel, Manfred & Dieterle, Bernard. *Romantic Prose Fiction*. John Benjamins Publishing, 2008.

## InfoBox

| Lucrezia Borgia | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Luis Bayón Herrera |
| Written by |  |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Roque Funes |
| Edited by | José Cardella |
| Music by | Alejandro Gutiérrez del Barrio |
| Production<br>company | Establecimientos Filmadores Argentinos |
| Release date | * 29 August 1947 (1947-08-29) |
| Running time | 85 minutes |
| Country | Argentina |
| Language | Spanish |


title: Testamentum Dasumii

abstract: The Testamentum Dasumii refers to an inscription in several pieces found in Rome, that bears the only Roman will inscribed on stone. Originally presenting the complete will, while the surviving pieces of the inscription include parts of all 133 lines, much of the beginning and ends of all of the lines are missing. Nevertheless, it is of great value for prosopographic reasons, as well as an example of a Roman legal document for which otherwise there are few examples.

text:
# Testamentum Dasumii

The **Testamentum Dasumii** refers to an inscription in several pieces found in Rome, that bears the only Roman will inscribed on stone. Originally presenting the complete will, while the surviving pieces of the inscription include parts of all 133 lines, much of the beginning and ends of all of the lines are missing. Nevertheless, it is of great value for prosopographic reasons, as well as an example of a Roman legal document for which otherwise there are few examples.

## Description

Pieces of this inscription were first found in 1820, containing lines 1-56 and more were identified in 1830, containing lines 57-133. Theodor Mommsen reconstructed this document for publication in the series *Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum*, which was considered as faithful as possible until the recovery of a further piece by Antonio Ferrua in the 1970s, which added to the first 19 lines of the inscription. This new fragment proved Mommsen's restorations of those lines as inaccurate, and brought into question his restoration of the rest of the inscription. Since then, Werner Eck has offered a new restoration of those lines based on Ferrua's discovery, which while commonly accepted is still considered tentative.

The inscription is dated to the consulate of Publius Aelius Hadrianus and Marcus Trebatius Priscus, or the summer of 108.

## The testator

The will mentions a number of people -- the Epigraphische Datenbank Heidelberg counts 87 different people -- most prominent are the emperor Trajan, the consuls Lucius Julius Ursus Servianus, and Quintus Sosius Senecio. However, scholarly interest has primarily focused on the identity of the testator of the will. Bartolomeo Borghesi, noting a Da\[sumia\] amongst the heirs, and observing mention of a nurse Dasumia Syche, whom Borghesi concluded was a freedman of the testator, identified him as a member of the gens Dasumius -- hence the name of the stone. Mommsen embraced this identification, and at one point the testator was identified with Lucius Dasumius Hadrianus, suffect consul about 93, but various details prevented complete acceptance. It took Werner Eck's work to refute the identification decisively and show the testator did not belong to that *gens*.

Following Eck's article, Ronald Syme proposed Gnaeus Domitius Tullus as the testator. More recently, Joshua Tate has raised the possibility that the testator may not even be a senator, but points out that many problems in the document are resolved if he had been a wealthy freedman. "Until further research provides a more definite answer," Tate concludes, "we must remain open to the possibility that the testator was not only an *Ignotus*, but an *Ignotus libertus*".

## Other examples of Roman wills

There are few other examples of Roman wills. Literary sources present a few fictional examples, the will of Trimalchio in Petronius' *Satyricon* being the best known one. A less well known fictive example is the humorous *Testamentum Porcelli*, the last testament of a pig named M. Grunnius Corocotta, who dictates his testament in his last hours before being slaughtered by a butcher. Pliny the Younger recounts the opening of the will of his friend Domitius Tullus, without providing any information on the legal language of the document. A handful of actual wills have been identified amongst the papyrus, written by soldiers in Egypt such as Antonius Silvanus, but these are military wills and observe practices different than the so-called *Testamentum Dasumii*, which is an example of a will *amentum per aes ci libram*.


title: Řepov

abstract: Řepov is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 800 inhabitants.

text:
# Řepov

**Řepov** is a municipality and village in Mladá Boleslav District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 800 inhabitants.

## History

Řepov was founded in 1787.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1869 | 192 |  |
| 1880 | 204 | +6.2% |
| 1890 | 227 | +11.3% |
| 1900 | 437 | +92.5% |
| 1910 | 489 | +11.9% |
| 1921 | 534 | +9.2% |
| 1930 | 615 | +15.2% |
| 1950 | 497 | −19.2% |
| 1961 | 528 | +6.2% |
| 1970 | 503 | −4.7% |
| 1980 | 528 | +5.0% |
| 1991 | 545 | +3.2% |
| 2001 | 552 | +1.3% |
| 2011 | 704 | +27.5% |
| 2021 | 768 | +9.1% |
| Source: Censuses | | |

## InfoBox

| Řepov | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Common in Řepov | |
|  | |
| ŘepovLocation in the Czech Republic | |
| Coordinates: 50°24′9″N 14°57′26″E / 50.40250°N 14.95722°E / 50.40250; 14.95722 | |
| Country | Czech Republic |
| Region | Central Bohemian |
| District | Mladá Boleslav |
| Founded | 1787 |
| Area | |
| Total | 2.38 km2 (0.92 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 210 m (690 ft) |
| Population (2024-01-01) | |
| Total | 789 |
| Density | 330/km2 (860/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 293 01 |
| Website | www.repov.cz |


title: Exa (command-line utility)

abstract: exa is a command-line utility for listing files. It is promoted as "a modern replacement for ls" with features not present in ls, such as showing git status. exa is one of the first applications written in Rust to be included in Fedora, openSUSE, and Gentoo. In September 2023, its maintainer redirected people to the fork eza instead, after its original author became unreachable.

text:
# Exa (command-line utility)

**`exa`** is a (currently unmaintained -- see below) command-line utility for listing files. It is promoted as "a modern replacement for ls" with features not present in ls, such as showing git status. exa is one of the first applications written in Rust to be included in Fedora, openSUSE, and Gentoo.

In September 2023, its maintainer redirected people to the fork eza instead, after its original author became unreachable.

## InfoBox

exa
|
|  |
| Original author(s) | Benjamin Sago |
| Initial release | May 22, 2014 (2014-05-22) |
|  | |
| Stable release | 0.10.1  / 12 April 2021 |
|  | |
| Repository |  |
| Written in | Rust |
| Platform | Linux, macOS |
| License | MIT |
| Website | the.exa.website |


title: Pellegrini–Stieda syndrome

abstract: Pellegrini–Stieda syndrome refers to the ossification of the superior part of the medial collateral ligament of the knee. It is a common incidental finding on knee radiographs. It is named for the Italian surgeon A. Pellegrini and the German surgeon A. Stieda (1869–1945).

text:
# Pellegrini–Stieda syndrome

**Pellegrini–Stieda syndrome** (also called Stieda disease and Köhler–Pellegrini–Stieda disease) refers to the ossification of the superior part of the medial collateral ligament of the knee. It is a common incidental finding on knee radiographs. It is named for the Italian surgeon A. Pellegrini (b. 1877) and the German surgeon A. Stieda (1869–1945).

## Further reading

* Altschuler, Eric L.; Bryce, Thomas N. (December 2006). "Images in clinical medicine. Pellegrini-Stieda syndrome". *The New England Journal of Medicine*. **354** (1): e1. doi:10.1056/NEJMicm040406. PMID 16394294.
* Wang, JC; Shapiro, MS (1995). "Pellegrini-Stieda syndrome". *American Journal of Orthopedics*. **24** (6): 493–7. PMID 7670873.

## InfoBox

| Pellegrini–Stieda syndrome | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Pellegrini-Stieda syndrome. Also visible is a fracture of the patella. | |


title: Peñaflor (Grado)

abstract: Peñaflor is one of 28 parishes in the municipality of Grado, within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain. The population is 261.

text:
# Peñaflor (Grado)

**Peñaflor** is one of 28 parishes (administrative divisions) in the municipality of Grado, within the province and autonomous community of Asturias, in northern Spain.

The population is 261.

## Villages and hamlets

* Anzo
* Peñaflor
* Sestiello
* Vega de Anzo

## InfoBox

| Peñaflor (Grado) | |
| --- | --- |
| Parish | |
| Peñaflor (Grado) | |
| Coordinates: 43°24′09″N 6°02′45″W / 43.4025°N 6.045833°W / 43.4025; -6.045833 | |
| Country | Spain |
| Autonomous community | Asturias |
| Province | Asturias |
| Municipality | Grado |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 261 |


title: Ulu Yam railway station

abstract: The Ulu Yam railway station was a Malaysian train station which is now abandoned. It is located and named after the town of Ulu Yam, Selangor. It was closed in 2007 as it was not part of the Rawang-Ipoh double tracking project and was replaced by the nearby Batang Kali Komuter station.

text:
# Ulu Yam railway station

The **Ulu Yam railway station** was a Malaysian train station which is now abandoned. It is located and named after the town of Ulu Yam, Selangor. It was closed in 2007 as it was not part of the Rawang-Ipoh double tracking project and was replaced by the nearby Batang Kali Komuter station.

1. "Batang Kali KTM Komuter Station". *mrt.com.my*. Retrieved 2023-12-24.

## InfoBox

| Ulu Yam | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Location | Ulu Yam, Selangor, Malaysia. |
| Owned by | Keretapi Tanah Melayu |
| Line(s) | Formerly KTM Intercity |
| Platforms | 1 demolished side platform |
| Tracks | Formerly 2 |
| Construction | |
| Parking | No |
| Accessible | Yes |
| History | |
| Closed | 2007 |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Matt Martin (racing driver)

abstract: Matt Martin is a retired American stock car racing driver. He's a 2018 graduate of Lyon College in Batesville, Ar. He is the son of former NASCAR Sprint Cup Series driver Mark Martin.

text:
# Matt Martin (racing driver)

**Matt Martin** (born December 17, 1991) is a retired American stock car racing driver. He's a 2018 graduate of Lyon College in Batesville, Ar. He is the son of former NASCAR Sprint Cup Series driver Mark Martin.

## Career

Martin's career began in quarter midgets when he just was seven years old. His racing experience also includes Bandoleros, Legend cars, the FASTRUCK Series, and the FASCAR Pro Truck Series. He received the nickname "Little Intimidator" due to his driving style.

In 2003, Martin was signed to a driver development contract with the Ford Motor Company, making him the youngest member of the Ford racing family. By 2004 at age 13, Martin had five wins in the FastKids division of the FASTRUCK Series, a series for youths aged 12 to 17.

In 2005, he won two races while competing against drivers ten to twenty years his senior in the FASCAR league. He raced the No. 66 Ford F-150 Truck. In the game video *NASCAR 06: Total Team Control* which takes place in 2005, Martin can be noticed as a fantasy driver for the Whelen Modified Tour. In 2006, at 14 years of age, he ran a limited schedule in the southern tour of the ASA Late Model Series, as well as running in the FASCAR Pro Truck and Sportsman Series. He won a late model race at New Smyrna Speedway in Florida and finished third in the season points.

During the 2007 season, Matt was moved over from the Ford Motor Company development program to Ginn Racing's development program; headed up by Mark Martin. Matt planned on running a late model schedule very similar to teammate Ricky Carmichael. Mark and Matt planned on working together throughout Mark's limited NEXTEL Cup schedule. During a March 8, 2008 airing of Speed Channel's *Trackside*, Mark announced that Matt ended his racing career. Mark stated his son wanted to concentrate on his education but didn't rule out a possible return to racing; later that year Matt Martin stated that racing was "not my thing \[anymore\]".

As of September 2010, Martin has moved to North Carolina to take an internship with Hendrick Motorsports, working with the organization's strength and conditioning coach.

## InfoBox

| Matt Martin | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1991-12-17) December 17, 1991 |
| Related to | Mark Martin (father) |
| Previous series | |
| 2006
2006
2005
2004 | FASCAR Pro Truck and Sportsman Series
ASA Late Model Series
FASCAR
FASTRUCK |


title: Trubarevo, Serbia

abstract: Trubarevo is a village in the municipality of Ćićevac, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 152 people.

text:
# Trubarevo, Serbia

**Trubarevo** is a village in the municipality of Ćićevac, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 152 people.

43°36′34″N 21°29′03″E / 43.60944°N 21.48417°E / 43.60944; 21.48417

## InfoBox

| Trubarevo | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Trubarevo | |
| Coordinates: 43°36′34″N 21°29′03″E / 43.60944°N 21.48417°E / 43.60944; 21.48417 | |
| Country | Serbia |
| District | Rasina District |
| Municipality | Ćićevac |
| Population (2002) | |
| Total | 152 |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: Teufenbach-Katsch

abstract:
Teufenbach-Katsch is a municipality since 2015 in the Murau District of Styria, Austria. It was created as part of the Styria municipal structural reform,
at the end of 2014, by merging the former towns Teufenbach and Frojach-Katsch.

text:
# Teufenbach-Katsch

**Teufenbach-Katsch** is a municipality since 2015 in the Murau District of Styria, Austria.

It was created as part of the Styria municipal structural reform, at the end of 2014, by merging the former towns Teufenbach and Frojach-Katsch.

## Geography

### Municipality arrangement

The municipality territory includes the following three hamlets (populations as of January 2015):

* Frojach (572)
* Katsch an der Mur (593)
* Teufenbach (692)

The municipality consists of the three Katastralgemeinden: Frojach, Katsch und Teufenbach.

## Culture and sights

* Pfarrkirche Frojach church

## InfoBox

| Teufenbach-Katsch | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Saint Laurentius church in Katsch | |
|  | |
| Teufenbach-KatschLocation within Austria | |
| Coordinates: 47°07′43″N 14°21′32″E / 47.12861°N 14.35889°E / 47.12861; 14.35889 | |
| Country | Austria |
| State | Styria |
| District | Murau |
| Government | |
| Mayor | Lydia Künstner-Stöckl (SPÖ) |
| Area | |
| Total | 42.32 km2 (16.34 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 760 m (2,490 ft) |
| Population (2018-01-01) | |
| Total | 1,899 |
| Density | 45/km2 (120/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 8812, 8833, 8841, 8842, 8850 |
| Website | www.teufenbach-katsch.gv.at |


title: Şıxəmir

abstract: Şıxəmir is a village in the Goychay Rayon of Azerbaijan. The village forms part of the municipality of Məlikkənd.

text:
# Şıxəmir

40°30′52″N 47°47′24″E / 40.51444°N 47.79000°E / 40.51444; 47.79000

**Şıxəmir** (also, **Şıxmir**, **Shikhamir**, and **Shykhamir**) is a village in the Goychay Rayon of Azerbaijan. The village forms part of the municipality of Məlikkənd.

## InfoBox

| Şıxəmir | |
| --- | --- |
| Şıxəmir | |
| Coordinates: 40°30′52″N 47°47′24″E / 40.51444°N 47.79000°E / 40.51444; 47.79000 | |
| Country | Azerbaijan |
| Rayon | Goychay |
| Time zone | UTC+4 (AZT) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+5 (AZT) |


title: Ex voto of Daochos

abstract: Behind the column with the Dancers of Delphi was situated the Athenian Treasury, where was located the famous ex voto of Daochos, a long marble base where stood nine statues, eight of which represented members of Daochos' family and one a god, probably Apollo. Daochos II, son of Agias, a politician from Pharsalus and supporter of Macedonia, was a hieromnemon at the delphic sanctuary from 336 to 332 B.C. He dedicated the ex voto as a sign of honour to his prominent family.

text:
# Ex voto of Daochos

Behind the column with the Dancers of Delphi was situated the Athenian Treasury, where was located the famous **ex voto of Daochos** (Ανάθημα του Δαόχου, "vow of Daochos"), a long marble base where stood nine statues, eight of which represented members of Daochos' family and one a god, probably Apollo. Daochos II, son of Agias, a politician from Pharsalus and supporter of Macedonia, was a hieromnemon at the delphic sanctuary from 336 to 332 B.C. He dedicated the ex voto as a sign of honour to his prominent family.

## Description

The ex voto of Daochos was the sculpted ex voto of the tetrarch of Thessaly Daochos II to the god Apollo, which had been placed in the Treasury of the Thessalians to the northeast of the temple of Apollo in Delphi. The ex voto dates probably between 339 and 334 B.C., in the time when Daochos II was hieromnemon of Pharsalus in the Delphic Amphictyony. Other dates have, however, been proposed. Initially it was thought that the ex voto stood free. However, recent studies concluded that the monument was probably situated within the Treasury of the Thessalians, built around 361 B.C. by Agelaus. The ex voto had the form of a sculpted complex comprising nine figures: eight members of the family of Daochos and one of a god, possibly of Apollo. All figures were accompanied by inscriptions which facilitated their identification. Only the god's figure does not bear an inscription. The figures presented are those of Acnonius, Agias, Telemachus, Agelaus, Daochus I, Sisyphus I, Daochus II and Sisyphus II. The presence of Agias in this group led the scholars to attribute the entire complex to the workshop of Lysippus, as the latter had created a statue of the Thessalian leader in Pharsalus.

### Position I

The statues were found fragmented during the Great Excavations, in 1894. In Position I stood the statue of Apollo, as established by Prof. E. Will. The god was apparently depicted seated and holding the lyre.

### Position II

In Position II stood Acnonius, as attested by the inscription: Ἀκνόνιος Ἀπάρου τέτραρχος Θεσσαλῶν. Acnonius was the great ancestor of the house of Daochos.

### Position III

In position III was found the inscription: Πρῶτος Ὀλύμπια παγκράτιον, Φαρσάλιε νίκᾳς, Ἁγία Ἀκνονίου, γῆς ἀπὸ Θεσσαλίας, Πεντάκις ἐν Νεμέᾳ, τρὶς Πύθια, πεντάκις Ἰσθμοῖ καὶ σῶν οὐδείς πω στῆσε τρόπαια χερῶν. It referred to Agias, son of Acnonius, who had won at the pankration in three Panhellenic Games. The statue is attributed to Lysippus.

### Position IV

In position IV one reads the inscription: Κἀγὼ τοῦδε ὁμάδελφο\[ς ἔ\]φυν, ἀριθμὸν δὲ τὸν αὐτὸν ἤμασι τοῖς αὐτοῖς ἐχφ\[έρ\]ομαι στεφάνων νικῶν μουνοπάλ\[ης\], Τ\[υρ\]σηνῶν δὲ ἄνδρα κρατίστον κτεῖνα ἐθέλοντο\[ς ἑοῦ Τ\]ηλέμαχος δ’ ὄνομα. It mentions the wrestler Telemachus, who was no inferior to Agias in victories.

### Position V

In position V the inscription runs: Οἳδε μὲν ἀθλοφόρου ῥώμης ἴσον ἔσχον, ἐγὼ δε σύγγονος ἀμφοτέρων τῶνδε Ἀγέλαος ἔφυν νικῶ δὲ στάδιον τούτοις ἃμα Πύθια παῖδας μοῦνοι δὲ θνητῶν τούσδ’ ἔχομεν στεφάνους. It refers to Agelaus, the younger brother, who had won at the children's race at the Pythian Games.

### Position VI

Position VI was dedicated to Daochos I, son of Agias, who governed Thessaly for 27 years, offering Thessaly a period of flourishment. This is attested by the inscription: Δάοχος Ἁγία εἰμί, πατρὶς Φάρσαλος ἁπάσης Θεσσαλίας ἄρξας, οὐ βίᾳ ἀλλὰ νόμῳ ἑπτὰ καὶ εἴκοσι ἔτη, πολλῇ δὲ καὶ ἀγλαοκάρπῳ εἰρήνη πλούτῳ τε ἔβρυε Θεσσαλία.

### Position VII

In position VII runs the inscription:

Οὐκ ἔψευσε σε Παλλὰς ἐν ὕπνῳ, Δαόχου υἱὲ Σίσυφε, ἅ δ’ εἶπε σαφή θῆκεν ὑποσχεσίαν ἐξ οὐ γὰρ τὸ πρῶτον ἔδυς περὶ τεύχεα χρωτί οὔτ’ ἔφυγες δηίους οὔτε τι τραῦμ' ἔλαβες. Athena is praised for having pleaded to Sisyphus to offer him bravoury and to protect him in battle. Sisyphus I was the son of Daochos I.

### Position VIII

In position VIII the inscription goes: Αὔξων οἰκείων προγόνων ἀρετὰς τάδε δῶρα στῆσεμ Φοίβῳ ἄνακτι, γένος καὶ πατρίδα τιμῶν, Δάοχος εὐδόξῳ χρώμενος εὐλογία, Τέτραρχος Θεσσαλῶν, ἱερομνήμων Ἀμφικτυόνων. According to the inscription, the dedicator Daochos II, Tetrarch of the Thessalians and hieromnemon dedicates these statues to Apollo. His statue is not preserved apart from the feet (εικ.9).

### Position IX

The final position IX was reserved for Daochos II' son, who apparently was too young to write something memorable for him.

## Bibliography

* Adam, Sh., "The technique of Greek sculpture in the archaic and classical periods", BSA συμπλήρωμα έκδοσης τ.3 (1966)
* Arnold, D., 1969 *Die Polykletnachfolge*, Berlin
* Brown, B., 1973, *Anticlassicism in Greek Sculpture of the Fourth Century B. C*., New York
* Collignon, M., 1905, *Lysippe*, Παρίσι
* Croissant, F., 1974, "Delphes, IΙ. Sculptures", BCH 98, pp. 785–788
* Dittenberger, G., 1960,Sylloge Inscriptionurn Graecarum, τ.1, Hildesheim
* Dohrn, T., 1968, "Die Marmor Standbilder des Daochos Weihgeschenks in Delphi", *Antike Plastik*, v.8, 33-53
* Amandry, P., Chamoux, F., 1991, *Guide de Delphes, Le Musée*, Παρίσι
* Evans, K.E., 1996, *The Daochos Monument*, Michigan
* Homolle, Th., 1894, "Découvertes de Delphes", Gazette des Beaux-Arts, 3rd series, v.12, pp. 441–454
* Homolle, Th., 1898, "La date de l’ex-voto des Thessaliens", *BCH* 22, p. 633
* Jacob-Felsch, M., 1969, *Die Entwicklung griechischer Statuenbasen und die Aufstellung der Statuen*, Waldsassen/Bayern
* Jacquemin, A., Laroche, D., 2001, Le monument de Daochos ou le Trésor des Thessaliens, BCH 125, 2001, pp. 305–332
* Johnson, F.P., 1968, *Lysippos*, New York
* Marcadé, J ., 1953, Recueil des signatures de sculpteurs grecs, v.1, Paris
* Pouilloux, J ., 1976, Fouilles de Delphes. (Épigraphie. Fassicule IV. Les inscriptions de la terrasse du temple et de la région nord du sanctuaire) v.3, Paris
* Ridgway, B.S., "Die Thessalischer Grabreliefs-Studien zur Nordgriechischen Kunst, by Hagen Biesantz", AJA 71 (1967) σ.99-101
* Ridgway, B.S., 1990, Hellenistic Sculpture I. The styles of ca. 331-200 B. C., Bristol
* Sjöqvist, E., 1996, *Lysippus*, Cincinnati
* Stewart, A.F., 1978, "Lysippan Studies. 2. Agias and Oilpourer", AJA 82, pp. 301–313
* Thémélis, P., 1979, "Contribution à l’étude de l’ex-voto delphique de Daochos" BCH 103, pp. 507–520
* Will, E., 1938, "À propos de la base des Thessaliens à Delphes", BCH 62, pp. 289–304, table 30-32


title: Penaea

abstract: Penaea is a genus of flowering plants in the family Penaeaceae, found in southern South Africa. They have an unusual type of embryo sac development; after two rounds of mitosis, four nuclei are formed at each pole, leading to a mature embryo sac containing four polar groups each with three cells. When found in other taxa, these embryo sacs are termed Penaea-type.

text:
# Penaea

***Penaea*** is a genus of flowering plants in the family Penaeaceae, found in southern South Africa. They have an unusual type of embryo sac development; after two rounds of mitosis, four nuclei are formed at each pole, leading to a mature embryo sac containing four polar groups each with three cells. When found in other taxa, these embryo sacs are termed *Penaea*-type.

## Species

Currently accepted species include:

## InfoBox

| *Penaea* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Penaea mucronata* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Myrtales |
| Family: | Penaeaceae |
| Genus: | *Penaea*<br>L. |
|
| Species | |
| See text | |
| Synonyms | |
| * *Brachysiphon* A.Juss. * *Endonema* A.Juss. * *Glischrocolla* (Endl.) A.DC. * *Saltera* Bullock * *Sarcocolla* Boehm. * *Sarcocolla* Kunth * *Sonderothamnus* R.Dahlgren * *Stylapterus* A.Juss. | |


title: Philip Deidesheimer

abstract: Philip Deidesheimer was a mining engineer in the Western United States. Deidesheimer was born in 1832, in Darmstadt, Electorate of Hesse before German unification. He attended the prestigious Freiberg University of Mining and emigrated to California in 1852. He died on 21 July 1916 in San Francisco, California.

text:
# Philip Deidesheimer

**Philip Deidesheimer** was a mining engineer in the Western United States.

Deidesheimer was born in 1832, in Darmstadt, Electorate of Hesse before German unification. He attended the prestigious Freiberg University of Mining (*Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg*) and emigrated to California in 1852. He died on 21 July 1916 in San Francisco, California.

## Career

In 1852, at nineteen, the young mining engineer traveled to the California gold fields to work for several years, including in Georgetown. In April 1860 he was hired by W. F. Babcock, a trustee of the Ophir Mine, part of the Comstock Lode silver mining boom in Nevada, and solved one of the Comstock mines' most critical engineering needs.

### Comstock Lode

#### Square set timbering

Deidesheimer invented a system, now known as square set timbering, using heavy timber "cubes" as supports for underground mining tunnels and shafts, that enabled skilled miners to open three-dimensional cavities of any size. In large openings, the cubes could be filled with waste rock, creating a solid pillar of wood and rock from floor to roof ("back" in miner's terminology).

Deidesheimer created the square set timbering system for the Comstock Lode's Ophir Mine in Virginia City, Nevada, in 1860. The system, which was inspired by the structure of honeycombs, enabled mining of the large silver orebodies of the Comstock Lode, which were in very weak rock—in miner's terms, "heavy ground".

Deidesheimer refused to patent the innovation, which was easily the most important mining innovation of 1860.

Ophir Mine

As was common with the Comstock mines, the rock in the Ophir Mine was soft and easily collapsed into the working stopes (cavities where ore is extracted). In addition, the presence of clay that would swell greatly upon exposure to air caused great pressures that the mine timbering of that day could not hold back. The square set timbering method devised by Deideshimer slowed the swelling action long enough for ore extraction, though with time and decay the timbering was crushed by the enormous pressures found in the Comstock mines.

Deidesheimer was made superintendent of the Ophir Mine by mine owner William Sharon in early 1875. He was bankrupted by speculation in mining stocks in 1878.

### Other mines

In 1866 Deidesheimer designed and supervised the construction of the Hope Mill and smelter for the St. Louis and Montana Mining Company, to process silver ore from nearby mines in Granite County, Montana. The town that formed around the Hope Mill was named Philipsburg, in honor of Philip Deidesheimer.

After the decline of the Comstock mines in the late 1870s, Deideshimer continued his successful mining engineer career at the Young America Mine in Sierra City, California, where he was one of the five mine owners made rich over the five years of good production at that mine.

## In media

The development of his square-set timbering method was fictionalized in "The Philip Deidesheimer Story", a 1959 first-season episode of the American television series *Bonanza*, in which John Beal portrayed the title character. Philip Deidesheimer was the subject of the NPR radio program *The Engines of Our Ingenuity* in episode 1901 and was inducted into the (USA) National Mining Hall of Fame.


title: Ukrainian Arbitration Association

abstract: The Ukrainian Arbitration Association (UAA) – is a nonprofit organisation, founded in September 2012 by the initiative group of Ukrainian and foreign experts in international arbitration to unite lawyers who are professionally engaged or interested in international arbitration. The Association is not an arbitration institution. Moreover, it intends to cooperate with arbitration institutions and similar professional associations on the development and promotion of international arbitration. Membership in the Ukrainian Arbitration Association is open to all persons with a law degree, having professional interest in international arbitration and sharing the goals and objectives of the Association. Students can join the Association as associate members.

text:
# Ukrainian Arbitration Association

The **Ukrainian Arbitration Association** (**UAA**) (Українська Арбітражна Асоціація) – is a nonprofit organisation, founded in September 2012 by the initiative group of Ukrainian and foreign experts in international arbitration to unite lawyers (irrespective of their nationality or place of residence) who are professionally engaged or interested in international arbitration.

The Association is not an arbitration institution. Moreover, it intends to cooperate with arbitration institutions and similar professional associations on the development and promotion of international arbitration. Membership in the Ukrainian Arbitration Association is open to all persons with a law degree, having professional interest in international arbitration and sharing the goals and objectives of the Association. Students can join the Association as associate members.

## Key Goals

The key goals of the Association include, first of all, the promotion of Ukraine, and Kyiv in particular, as the seat of arbitration, facilitation and support of interest in international arbitration, extension of knowledge and exchange of experience in cross-border dispute resolution, as well as enhancement of cooperation and communication among practitioners in international arbitration around the world.

Achieving these goals requires, *inter alia*, the improvement of Ukrainian legislation in the field of international arbitration and development of arbitration-friendly court practice. The Association is also planning to carry out a range of educational activities as well as to provide Ukrainian and foreign lawyers with the most rapid and convenient access to information on international arbitration in Ukraine.

## InfoBox

Ukrainian Arbitration Association
| Company type | Not-for-profit |
| --- | --- |
| Industry | arbitration |
| Founded | 2012 |
| Headquarters | 4-B Grushevskogo Str., Ofc. 27, Kyiv 01001, Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine |
| Website | www.arbitration.kiev.ua |


title: List of heads of state of Cabinda

abstract: This is a list of heads of state of Cabinda. A short-lived secessionist regime in the Cabinda enclave of Angola. Note: The current president of the Republic of Cabinda in exile is General of Army Antonio Luis Lopes

text:
# List of heads of state of Cabinda

This is a **list of heads of state of Cabinda**.

A short-lived secessionist regime in the Cabinda enclave of Angola.

| Republic of Cabinda in Exile (not recognised by Portugal or Angola) | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Name | Term of office | Affiliation | Notes |
| Pedro Simba Macosso, President | 10 January 1967 to 1 August 1975 | FLEC | In exile |
| Henrique N'zita Tiago, *Provisional President* | 1975 to 1975 | FLEC-N |  |
| Luis Ranque Franque, *Provisional President* | 1 August 1975 to August 1975 | FLEC |  |
| Luis Ranque Franque, President *de facto* | August 1975 to January 1976 | FLEC | In exile in the Democratic Republic of Congo from 1976 |
| In January 1976, Cabinda was occupied by Angolan Government | | | |

Note: The current president of the Republic of Cabinda in exile is General of Army Antonio Luis Lopes

## Affiliations

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| **FLEC** | **Frente para a Libertação do Enclave de Cabinda** |
| | (Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda *Cabinda regionalist, separatist, estd. 1963* |
| **FLEC-L** | **FLEC-Lubota** |
| | (FLEC faction) *Francisco Xavier Lubota, personalist, estd. 1975* |
| **FLEC-N** | **FLEC-N'Zita** |
| | (FLEC faction) *Henrique N'zita Tiago, personalist, estd. 1975* |
| **FLEK-K** | **FLEK-Batila** |
| | (FLEC faction) *Joel Batila, Premier, estd. 2011* |
| **FLEC** | **FLEC** |
| | (FLEC) *Antonio Luis Lopes, President* |
|

## Sources


title: That Dirty Black Bag

abstract: That Dirty Black Bag is a Spaghetti Western television series created by Mauro Aragoni, Silvia Ebreul and Marcello Izzo for AMC+. It features an ensemble cast led by Dominic Cooper, Travis Fimmel and Aidan Gillen. The eight-part series was filmed in Italy, Spain and Morocco, and it premiered on March 10, 2022.

text:
# That Dirty Black Bag

***That Dirty Black Bag*** is a Spaghetti Western television series created by Mauro Aragoni, Silvia Ebreul and Marcello Izzo for AMC+. It features an ensemble cast led by Dominic Cooper, Travis Fimmel and Aidan Gillen. The eight-part series was filmed in Italy, Spain and Morocco, and it premiered on March 10, 2022.

## Premise

In a town full of bounty hunters, bandits and bloody vendettas, Arthur McCoy is a corruptible sheriff with a troubled past. On the other side of things is Red Bill, an infamous solitary bounty hunter known for decapitating his victims and stuffing their heads into a dirty black bag. When the paths of these two men collide, they both learn that in the Wild West, there are no heroes, nobody is invincible, and the predators may become the prey.

## Cast

* Dominic Cooper as Arthur McCoy, Bronson's brother, sheriff of Greenvale and former outlaw.
* Douglas Booth as Red Bill, a bounty hunter who beheads outlaws claiming that "a head weighs less than a body".
* Niv Sultan as Eve, a former prostitute and owner of Greenvale's brothel.
* Guido Caprino as Bronson, a former outlaw and businessman, now also a politician.
* Christian Cooke as Steve, a Greenvale homesteader who strongly believes in God and insistently works his land despite the drought which hit the area for five years.
* Paterson Joseph as Thompson, Greenvale's richest man.
* Rose Williams as Symone, a pretty girl who works as a prostitute in Eve's brothel.
* Zoe Boyle as Michelle, Steve's wife.
* Ivan Shaw as Kurt, one of McCoy's deputies.
* Eugene Brave Rock as The Stranger, a cold-blooded killer of Native American origin.
* Anna Chancellor as Hellen, a rich woman who supports Bronson in his political career and the head of a satanic cult.
* Aidan Gillen as Butler, a solitary farmer who's also a serial killer with implied cannibalistic tendency and satanic beliefs.
* Travis Fimmel as Anderson, Red Bill's former mentor.
* Gaia Zampighi as Tara, the daughter of a family Bill lived with before becoming a bounty hunter.
* Jacopo Rampini as Jona, McCoy's first deputy.
* Nicolo Pasetti as Martin, one of McCoy's deputies.
* Terry McMahon as Blaine, one of Bronson's killers; he already was a member of Bronson's gang before the start of the series.

## Episodes

| No. | Title | Directed by | Written by | Original release date |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | "Chapter One: A Head Weighs Less Than a Body" | Mauro Aragoni | Mauro Aragoni, Silvia Ebreul, Marcello Izzo | March 10, 2022 (2022-03-10) |
| A bounty killer known as Red Bill confronts a killer at the scene of a church massacre. When the man draws, Red Bill shoots him in self-defense, then approaches the wounded man and decapitates him. Elsewhere, a farmer named Steve Anderson and his family discover their horses are gone, and Anderson deduces Thompson—a land baron who has been after their land—is responsible. Desperate, Anderson turns to Greenville Sheriff Arthur McCoy for help. McCoy refuses and rudely advises Anderson to sell out to Thompson. McCoy and his deputies attempt to arrest an outlaw named Quinn, but find Red Bill has already killed him. Red Bill demands McCoy pay him his bounty money; McCoy refuses and tells him to leave and never return. In town, Anderson approaches his ex-lover and brothel owner Eve for help; she also refuses, but they end up having sex. Later, Red Bill rides into town and is confronted by McCoy who confiscates his money, canteen, and gun. Red Bill responds by leaving town with McCoy's horse. Enraged, McCoy orders one of his deputies to bring him back. Meanwhile Anderson arrives at Thompson's ranch and confronts him, but the latter is unmoved and Anderson departs. McCoy's deputy catches up with Red Bill who threatens him into turning back. Red Bill comes across a goat farmer named Butler who seemingly welcomes him in, but then poisons him with water. Red Bill awakens tied up and is confronted by the insane Butler who tortures him by feeding him some of his horse. Elsewhere, McCoy and his right hand man Kurt kill Jesse—their young deputy who helped them obtain stolen bank money. After burying Jesse and the money, a vengeful McCoy and Kurt set off to track Red Bill down. | | | | | |
| 2 | "Chapter Two: Prisoner" | Brian O'Malley | Mauro Aragoni, Silvia Ebreul, Marcello Izzo | March 17, 2022 (2022-03-17) |
| McCoy and Kurt continue their search for Red Bill. Along the way we learn McCoy was a fugitive who arrived in Greenville and eventually became their sheriff. McCoy and Kurt get into a tense argument on whether the stolen cash is worth the trouble. The two men reconcile and continue on their way. Meanwhile in town one of McCoy's deputies Nathan tells his young daughter of his intention to propose to Symone one of Eve's whores but is kicked out by a protective Eve before he can do it. Eve and her girls leave town in search of a spring that Anderson had showed her when they were together. Elsewhere Red Bill is tortured by Butler who is revealed to be a cannibalistic serial killer with satanic beliefs. Butler tortures Red Bill by hanging him upside down and with smoke from a cigar. In Greenville Anderson bids farewell to Eve and makes a final attempt to convince the townspeople that he can find water for them but fails when Thompson gains the support of the crowd. As a defeated Anderson starts to head home a fellow farmer, Jack, accepts his offer and takes him and his family in. McCoy and Kurt arrive at Butler's farm in search of Red Bill. Butler lies and tells the two no-one has passed through. Butler attempts to poison them as well but McCoy senses his deceit. Later at dusk McCoy and Kurt sneak back and murder Butler and find the belongings of his past victims. As McCoy and Kurt leave Butler's farm with Red Bill as their prisoner a pile of the bones of his victims remain behind forming the shape of an eye. | | | | | |
| 3 | "Chapter Three: Alliances" | Mauro Aragoni | Mauro Aragoni, Silvia Ebreul, Marcello Izzo | March 24, 2022 (2022-03-24) |
| McCoy, Kurt, and Red Bill are on their way back to Greenville a day after departing from Butler's farm. McCoy and Kurt abuse Red Bill by denying him water and staging a quick mock trial. The three men arrive at the bridge only to find it collapsed. McCoy and Kurt are forced to abandon their horses to save water much to Red Bill's delight. In Greenville Eve assumes control of the town in McCoy's absence infuriating Nathan. Henry another one of McCoy's deputies who is also Nathan's cousin presses Symone into confessing she doesn't love Nathan anymore. Later Nathan confronts Symone and officially proposes to her only for her to kindly but cruelly reject him. Enraged and heartbroken Nathan viciously assaults her. Elsewhere an unnamed Indian with a specially designed gun kills a group of men who were holding him captive in the desert and flees on horseback. Eve has a flashback. When she and Anderson were at the spring together she removes her hair revealing she is bald unlike others Anderson accepts her for who she is and they kiss. Now inspired Eve rides out to Anderson's farm and begs him to go away with her Anderson tells her his loyalties lie with his family now and brands her as his greatest mistake. The Indian arrives at the estate of a wealthy outlaw named Bronson. Bronson's gang robbed a stagecoach only to be ambushed and killed. Their loot is then taken by McCoy, Kurt, and Jesse. Bronson deduces McCoy's location and kills the sole survivor of the botched heist and orders the Indian and the rest of his men to head for Greenville. Later that night one of Bronson's associate Helen orders him to destroy something she refers to as unholy it is the knife with an eye carved in its handle that appeared in Red Bill's flashbacks revealing Bronson as the man who killed his mother the tragedy that inspired Red Bill to become a bounty killer, at the same time Red Bill knowingly asks McCoy how many men he has killed while Eve murders Nathan for disfiguring Symone's face Nathan's daughter wakes up as Eve leaves Eve motions for her to be silent and departs. | | | | | |
| 4 | "Chapter Four: Genesis" | Brian O'Malley | Mauro Aragoni, Silvia Ebreul, Marcello Izzo | March 31, 2022 (2022-03-31) |
| 5 | "Chapter Five: Justice" | Mauro Aragoni | Mauro Aragoni, Silvia Ebreul, Marcello Izzo, Fabio Paladini | April 7, 2022 (2022-04-07) |
| 6 | "Chapter Six: To Hell" | Brian O'Malley | Mauro Aragoni, Silvia Ebreul, Marcello Izzo, Fabio Paladini | April 14, 2022 (2022-04-14) |
| 7 | "Chapter Seven: The Plan" | Mauro Aragoni | Mauro Aragoni, Silvia Ebreul, Marcello Izzo, Fabio Paladini | April 21, 2022 (2022-04-21) |
| 8 | "Chapter Eight: The Great Duel" | Brian O'Malley | Mauro Aragoni, Silvia Ebreul, Marcello Izzo, Fabio Paladini | April 28, 2022 (2022-04-28) |

## Production

In December 2019, Mediawan announced they had come on board to distribute *That Dirty Black Bag*, which had been in various stages of development for several years. In June 2021, BRON Studios and Palomar announced the stars of the series would be Dominic Cooper and Douglas Booth with the ensemble cast for the series also being announced at the same time. The series comes from Italian filmmaker Mauro Aragoni, who co-wrote the series with Silvia Ebreul, Marcello Izzo and Fabio Paladini. Series directors are Brian O’Malley and Aragoni. In November 2021, AMC+ announced that it had acquired *That Dirty Black Bag.* The 8-part series is being produced in English with three seasons already planned.

## InfoBox

| *That Dirty Black Bag* | |
| --- | --- |
| Genre |  |
| Created by | Mauro Aragoni, Silvia Ebreul, Marcello Izzo |
| Inspired by | Quella sporca sacca nera
by Mauro Aragoni |
| Written by | Mauro Aragoni, Silvia Ebreul, Marcello Izzo, Fabio Paladini |
| Story by | Mauro Aragoni, Silvia Ebreul, Marcello Izzo |
| Directed by | Mauro Aragoni, Brian O'Malley |
| Country of origin | Italy |
| Original language | English |
| No. of seasons | 1 |
| No. of episodes | 8 |
| Production | |
| Executive producers | * David Davoli * Aaron L. Gilbert * Steven Thibault * Samantha Thomas * Carlo Degli Esposti * Nicola Serra * Patrizia Massa |
| Cinematography | PJ Dillon |
| Production companies |  |
| Original release | |
| Network | AMC+ |
| Release | March 10 (2022-03-10)
April 28, 2022 (2022-04-28) |


title: Šahinovići (Kiseljak)

abstract: Šahinovići is a village in the municipality of Kiseljak, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

text:
# Šahinovići (Kiseljak)

**Šahinovići** is a village in the municipality of Kiseljak, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

## Demographics

According to the 2013 census, its population was 2, both Bosniaks.

## InfoBox

| Šahinovići | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Šahinovići | |
| Coordinates: 44°02′36″N 18°00′48″E / 44.04333°N 18.01333°E / 44.04333; 18.01333 | |
| Country | Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Entity | Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Canton | Central Bosnia |
| Municipality | Kiseljak |
| Area | |
| Total | 0.68 sq mi (1.75 km2) |
| Population (2013) | |
| Total | 2 |
| Density | 3.0/sq mi (1.1/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: Ex voto of the Attalids (Delphi)

text:
# Ex voto of the Attalids (Delphi)

Several Hellenistic kings dedicated monuments in the sanctuary of Apollo in Delphi, in an effort to emphasize their prestige. Among those kings were the Attalids of Pergamon, who occupied a prominent position at the highest point of the Sacred Way, close to the temple of Apollo where they erected their ex votos.

## Description

The highest part of the Sacred Way and the area around the temple of Apollo in Delphi was one of the most prominent positions in the sanctuary and was built at a relatively late date. To the right there is a square situated at a height of 2.5 meters above the temple's level, on a specially made terrace, constructed under order of the king Attalus I of Pergamon (240–197 B.C.). The square encloses a total surface of about 1000 sq m (measuring 41×23 meters) and constituted an extension of the temple area to the east. The western end was delimited by a late archaic treasury which remains to this date unidentified. Initially there were erected four monuments, which are considered contemporary: they comprise a Doric portico covering the northern part of the square (later transformed into a cistern), dedicated by Attalus I and repaired by Attalus II; an "oikos" (house) in the northeastern corner; the base of a column in the northwestern corner, where the statue of Attalus I stood; finally a rectangular pedestal made of porous stone, of unidentified use. The incomers to the sanctuary entered from the east and those following the Sacred Way entered by means of a staircase starting next to the ex voto of the Rhodians. Slightly later, in 182 B.C., Attalus' successor, Eumenes II, erected a bronze statue of himself mounting a horse, the base of which is still extant today next to the monument of his predecessor.


title: Penacova

abstract: Penacova is a town and a municipality in the Coimbra District, in Portugal. The population in 2011 was 15,251, in an area of 216.73 km⁲.

text:
# Penacova

**Penacova** (Portuguese pronunciation: \[pɨnɐˈkɔvɐ\]  or \[ˌpen-\]) is a town and a municipality in the Coimbra District, in Portugal. The population in 2011 was 15,251, in an area of 216.73 km2.

## Parishes

Administratively, the municipality is divided into 8 civil parishes (*freguesias*):

## Demographics

População do concelho de Penacova (1801–2011)
| Year Pop. ±%  1801  8,706       1849  8,593 −1.3%  1900  18,253 +112.4%  1930  16,964 −7.1%  1960  18,704 +10.3% | Year Pop. ±%  1981  17,351 −7.2%  1991  16,748 −3.5%  2001  16,725 −0.1%  2004  16,850 +0.7%  2011  15,251 −9.5% |
| --- | --- |

## Notable people

## InfoBox

| Penacova | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Coordinates: 40°16′14″N 8°17′00″W / 40.27056°N 8.28333°W / 40.27056; -8.28333 | |
| Country | Portugal |
| Region | Centro |
| Intermunic. comm. | Região de Coimbra |
| District | Coimbra |
| Government | |
| President | Humberto José Baptista Oliveira |
| Area | |
| Total | 216.73 km2 (83.68 sq mi) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 15,251 |
| Density | 70/km2 (180/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC±00:00 (WET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+01:00 (WEST) |
| Website | www.cm-penacova.pt/ |


title: Pfäffikon Castle

abstract: Pfäffikon Castle is a castle in the municipality of Freienbach of the Canton of Schwyz in Switzerland. It is a Swiss heritage site of national significance.

text:
# Pfäffikon Castle

**Pfäffikon Castle** is a castle in the municipality of Freienbach of the Canton of Schwyz in Switzerland. It is a Swiss heritage site of national significance.

## History

Einsiedeln Abbey was granted farms at Pfäffikon along with surrounding land along Lake Zurich by Emperor Otto I in 965. Soon thereafter the abbot built a large granary in Pfäffikon. Between 1233 and 1266 Abbot Anshelm von Schwanden replaced the old granary with stone tower which was designed as a watch tower, granary and residence. In 1299 the Prince-Abbot Johann von Schwanden added walls, ramparts and a moat to the tower during the *Marchenstreit* conflict between the Schwyz and the Abbey over grazing rights. On the night of Epiphany in 1314 a mob from Schwyz attacked the Abbey attempting to destroy the land and tax records. They hoped to destroy any records of the Abbey's counterclaims to the Schwyz grazing rights. However, the Abbot, perhaps anticipating the attack, had already moved himself and the important documents to Pfäffikon Castle.

By 1359 the castle was being used as the Abbot's summer residence as well as for its original purposes. In the 15th century Abbot Burkard von Weissenburg-Krenkingen (1418-1438) expanded the castle and changed its name to *Weissenburg*. He built a residential wing on one side of the tower and a chapel on the other. In 1480 the election of a new Abbot for the Abbey took place at Pfäffikon. In 1528 the castle was renovated and the walls and moat were repaired. Abbot Joachim Eichhorn (1544-1569) built a new Gothic chapel and expanded the granary in the castle. In 1577 a fire destroyed much of the Abbey and the village of Einsiedeln. The monks and villagers moved to the Castle for 7 months until the Abbey and their homes were repaired. Around 1760 Eichhorn's granary expansion was demolished and replaced with another residential wing. In 1785 the Gothic chapel was renovated in the Baroque style.

Following the 1798 French invasion and the creation of the Helvetic Republic Pfäffikon Castle was heavily damaged and declared the property of the Canton of Linth. Following the collapse of the Republic and the 1803 Act of Mediation the castle was returned to the Abbey and once again became religious property. In 1820 the remainder of the curtain wall was demolished while the tower, chapel and residential wings were rebuilt. In 1839 the rotten tower roof and overhand were replaced with the current roof. In 1928 the chapel was renovated and in 1986-88 the chapel, tower and moat were repaired and renovated. Today the castle and its restaurant are available for conferences, piano concerts, meetings and events, while the residential wings are used for municipal administration.

## Castle site

The main tower is a square 12.3 meters (40 ft) on each side and 13 m (43 ft) tall. The walls are made of massive stone blocks and are 2.3 m (7.5 ft) thick at the base, tapering to 1.4 m (4.6 ft) thick on the top floor. The main entrance is located on the west side of the first floor and was reached by a wooden staircase that could be pulled up if needed. The second story was built as a large living area and included large windows with built in seating that overlooked the lake. The third story was also probably used as living quarters. The tower was probably originally topped with a wooden structure that overhung the stone walls, before it was replaced with the current roof.

In the 15th century a two-story fortification was built near the tower and protected with a series of moats. In the 16th century, however, it was demolished and replaced with the current chapel. The moats were filled in and today only the main moat remains.

The chapel has a rectangular nave with a small polygonal choir. The portal is Gothic, while the interior was decorated in the Baroque style in 1780-85, which was partly replaced in 1893-95. The stucco is Neo-classical while the wall murals are from the late 19th century. The mahogany altars were built by Father Rudolf Blättler in 1892.

## InfoBox

| Pfäffikon Castle Complex | |
| --- | --- |
| *Schlossturm Pfäffikon, Schloss Pfäffikon, Weissenburg* | |
| Freienbach | |
| Tower of Pfäffikon Castle | |
| Pfäffikon Castle Complex | |
| Coordinates | 47°12′17″N 8°46′29″E / 47.204642°N 8.774851°E / 47.204642; 8.774851 |
| Type | water castle |
| Code | CH-SZ |
| Height | 416 m above the sea |
| Site information | |
| Condition | preserved |
| Site history | |
| Built | Mid 13th century |
| Garrison information | |
| Occupants | Clergy |