title: Torsten Gütschow

abstract: Torsten Gütschow is a German football manager and former player who played as a striker. He is most associated with Dynamo Dresden, with whom he had two successful spells, playing top level football in East Germany and after reunification. In between these he played for three other German clubs, and spent six months with Galatasaray of the Turkish Süper Lig. A strong and instinctive goalscorer, Gütschow was top scorer in each of the last three seasons of the DDR-Oberliga, and was the last East German Footballer of the Year. He won three international caps for East Germany, scoring two goals between 1984 and 1989. Since retiring he has taken up coaching, and has been manager of TuS Heeslingen.

text:
# Torsten Gütschow

**Torsten Gütschow** (born 28 July 1962) is a German football manager and former player who played as a striker. He is most associated with Dynamo Dresden, with whom he had two successful spells, playing top level football in East Germany and after reunification. In between these he played for three other German clubs, and spent six months with Galatasaray of the Turkish Süper Lig. A strong and instinctive goalscorer, Gütschow was top scorer in each of the last three seasons of the DDR-Oberliga, and was the last East German Footballer of the Year. He won three international caps for East Germany, scoring two goals between 1984 and 1989. Since retiring he has taken up coaching, and has been manager of TuS Heeslingen.

## Playing career

### In East Germany

Gütschow played as a youth for Traktor Zodel and Dynamo Görlitz, before joining Dynamo Dresden in 1976. After four years in their youth setup, he was promoted to the first-team, making his DDR-Oberliga debut in 1980. He established himself as a consistent goalscorer, and scored 17 goals in the 1984–85 season. The next two seasons were blighted by injury, but he returned to form, partnering Ulf Kirsten up front, and was the league's top scorer in its last three seasons. His seven goals in the 1988-89 UEFA Cup made him the competition's top scorer and in 1991 he was named as the last East German Footballer of the Year.

During much of Gütschow's time with Dynamo Dresden, the league was dominated by BFC Dynamo, who won ten consecutive league titles from 1979 to 1988. Dresden broke this run by winning the championship in 1989 and 1990, adding a cup win in the latter season to complete the double. They had also won the cup in 1982, 1984 and 1985.

### After reunification

The last season of the DDR-Oberliga (now renamed the NOFV-Oberliga) saw Dynamo Dresden finish second, behind Hansa Rostock, and with German reunification they qualified for the Bundesliga. In their first season they finished in 14th place, and Gütschow was the team's top scorer, with 10 goals from 31 appearances. The following season, he played eight matches, scoring twice, before leaving in December 1992, joining Galatasaray of the Turkish Süper Lig. Gütschow's 12 Bundesliga goals are still the most of any Dynamo Dresden player.

Galatasaray had a German coach, Karl-Heinz Feldkamp, and two other German players in Falko Götz and Reinhard Stumpf. Gütschow settled in immediately, and scored 10 goals in 15 league appearances, as the club won a league and cup double. Gütschow only spent six months in Turkey, returning to Germany in summer 1993 but remains a popular figure with Galatasaray fans.

Gütschow returned to Germany with Carl Zeiss Jena of the 2. Bundesliga, but had a singularly unsuccessful season, making only nine league appearances and failing to score. He left Jena after one year, and followed this with single-year spells at two other 2. Liga clubs – Hannover 96 and Chemnitzer FC. He had more personal success in both these seasons, scoring 16 and 15 goals respectively, but the latter ended in relegation for Chemnitz.

In 1996, Gütschow returned to Dynamo Dresden, now in the third-tier Regionalliga Nordost. He spent three years with the club as they tried unsuccessfully to get promoted to the second division, before retiring in 1999. In total, he had made 329 league appearances for Dynamo, scoring 149 goals, across two spells.

### International career

Gütschow was called up to the East Germany national team in February 1984, making his debut in a 3–1 away win against Greece. His second cap came later in the same year, also against Greece – this time he scored again in a 1–0 home win. His third and final cap didn't come until 1989, in a 1–1 draw with Finland at his home stadium in Dresden. He was also capped at under-21 level and made three appearances for the DDR Olympic team.

## Coaching career

After ending his playing career, Gütschow took up coaching. He worked with VfL Bochum's reserve team, and was manager of FC Oberneuland from 2003 to 2004. In 2006, he was appointed as manager of TuS 1906 Heeslingen, and won promotion to the Oberliga Nord in his first season. Gütchow remained at the club at seven years, leaving in at the end of the 2012–13 season when the club withdrew from the Oberliga for financial reasons. He took over at Regionalliga Norodost side TSG Neustrelitz a year later.

## Stasi

Gütschow worked as an *Inoffizieller Mitarbeiter* (paid informant) for the Stasi. He admitted to spying on around 60 players and staff between 1981 and 1989. Gütschow was approached by the authorities at the age of 18, and feared that he would be prevented from playing football and separated from his fiancee if he refused to co-operate.

## Career statistics

### Club

Appearances and goals by club, season and competition
| Club | Season | League | | | Cup | | Continental | | Total | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
| Dynamo Dresden | 1980–81 | DDR-Oberliga | 14 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 3 |
| | 1981–82 | | 15 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 23 | 6 |
| | 1982–83 | | 25 | 9 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 31 | 10 |
| | 1983–84 | | 20 | 7 | 3 | 2 |  | | 23 | 9 |
| | 1984–85 | | 26 | 17 | 8 | 3 | 6 | 1 | 40 | 21 |
| | 1985–86 | | 9 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 14 | 0 |
| | 1986–87 | | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| | 1987–88 | | 20 | 9 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 26 | 11 |
| | 1988–89 | | 26 | 17 | 3 | 2 | 9 | 7 | 38 | 26 |
| | 1989–90 | | 25 | 18 | 6 | 10 | 1 | 1 | 32 | 29 |
| | 1990–91 | NOFV-Oberliga | 26 | 20 | 3 | 1 | 6 | 5 | 35 | 26 |
| | 1991–92 | Bundesliga | 31 | 10 | 3 | 1 |  | | 34 | 11 |
| | | 1992–93 | 8 | 2 | 0 | 0 |  | | 8 | 2 |
| | Total | | 247 | 116 | 43 | 24 | 31 | 14 | 321 | 154 |
| Galatasaray | 1992–93 | 1. Lig | 15 | 10 | 4 | 2 |  | | 19 | 12 |
| Carl Zeiss Jena | 1993–94 | 2. Bundesliga | 9 | 0 | 2 | 0 |  | | 11 | 0 |
| Hannover 96 | 1994–95 | 2. Bundesliga | 33 | 16 | 2 | 1 |  | | 35 | 17 |
| Chemnitzer FC | 1995–96 | 2. Bundesliga | 34 | 15 | 2 | 2 |  | | 36 | 17 |
| Dynamo Dresden | 1996–97 | Regionalliga Nordost | 30 | 12 | 0 | 0 |  | | 30 | 12 |
| | 1997–98 | | 32 | 16 | 4 | 2 |  | | 36 | 18 |
| | 1998–99 | | 20 | 5 | 3 | 0 |  | | 23 | 5 |
| | Total | | 82 | 33 | 7 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 89 | 35 |
| Career total | | | 420 | 190 | 60 | 31 | 31 | 14 | 511 | 235 |

### International goals

*Scores and results list East Germany's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Gütschow goal.*

List of international goals scored by Torsten Gütschow
| No. | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 15 February 1984 | Olympic Stadium, Athens, Greece | Greece |  | 3–1 | Friendly |
| 2 | 12 September 1984 | Georgi-Dimitroff-Stadion, Zwickau, East Germany | Greece |  | 1–0 | Friendly |

## Honours

**Dynamo Dresden**

**Galatasaray**

1. "Player Details TFF:Torsten Jens Gütschow". *Turkish Football Federation*. Retrieved 16 October 2010.
2. "Torsten Gütschow". *Fussballdaten* (in German). Retrieved 14 October 2010.
3. "Torsten Gütschow – Matches and Goals in Oberliga". *Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation*. Retrieved 14 October 2010.
4. "East Germany – Topscorers". *RSSSF*. Retrieved 14 October 2010.
5. "DDR-Fußballer des Jahres". *hansanews.de* (in German). Retrieved 14 October 2010.
6. "Torsten Gütschow – International Appearances". *RSSSF*. Retrieved 14 October 2010.
7. "Germany – Player Data – G". *RSSSF*. Retrieved 16 October 2010.
8. "East Germany – List of Champions". *RSSSF*. Retrieved 14 October 2010.
9. "SG Dynamo Dresden – Offizielle Homepage: Erfolge". *Dynamo Dresden* (in German). Archived from the original on 10 November 2010. Retrieved 14 October 2010.
10. "East Germany (Germany – RL Nordost) 1990/91". *RSSSF*. Retrieved 15 October 2010.
11. "Die Bundesliga 1991/1992 – Abschlusstabelle". *Fussballdaten* (in German). Retrieved 15 October 2010.
12. "Dynamo Dresden 1991/1992 – Der Kader". *Fussballdaten* (in German). Retrieved 15 October 2010.
13. "Spiele von Torsten Gütschow 1991/1992". *fussballdaten*. Retrieved 15 October 2010.
14. "Spiele von Torsten Gütschow 1992/1993". *fussballdaten*. Retrieved 15 October 2010.
15. "Turkey – Final Tables". *RSSSF*. Retrieved 15 October 2010.
16. "Spiele von Torsten Gütschow 1993/1994". *Fussballdaten*. Retrieved 15 October 2010.
17. "Spiele von Torsten Gütschow 1994/1995". *Fussballdaten*. Retrieved 15 October 2010.
18. "Spiele von Torsten Gütschow 1995/1996". *Fussballdaten*. Retrieved 15 October 2010.
19. "Die 2. Bundesliga 1995/1996 – Abschlusstabelle". *Fussballdaten* (in German). Retrieved 15 October 2010.
20. "SG Dynamo Dresden – Offizielle Homepage: Spielzeiten". *Dynamo Dresden* (in German). Archived from the original on 23 October 2010. Retrieved 15 October 2010.
21. "Niedersachsenliga: Spielpaarungen, Tabelle und Ergebnisse der Saison 2010/11 am 11. Spieltag". *Kicker sportmagazin* (in German). Retrieved 16 October 2010.
22. Kinzer, Stephen (12 April 1994). "East Germans Face Their Accusers". *New York Times*. Retrieved 17 December 2008.
23. "Stasi auf Torjagd". *Die Tageszeitung* (in German). 27 January 1992.
24. "Germany – Player Data – 1. FC Dynamo Dresden". *RSSSF*. Retrieved 16 October 2010.
25. "Torsten Gütschow". *Dynamo Dresden* (in German). Retrieved 16 October 2010.

## InfoBox

Torsten Gütschow
| Gütschow taking a shot in 1990 | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Full name | Torsten Jens Gütschow | | |
| Date of birth | (1962-07-28) 28 July 1962 | | |
| Place of birth | Görlitz, East Germany | | |
| Height | 1.75 m (5 ft 9 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Striker | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| 1968–1973 | Traktor Zodel | | |
| 1973–1976 | Dynamo Görlitz | | |
| 1976–1980 | Dynamo Dresden | | |
| Senior career\* | | | |
| Years | **Team** | **Apps** | **(Gls)** |
| 1980–1992 | Dynamo Dresden | 247 | (116) |
| 1992–1993 | Galatasaray | 15 | (10) |
| 1993–1994 | Carl Zeiss Jena | 9 | (0) |
| 1994–1995 | Hannover 96 | 33 | (16) |
| 1995–1996 | Chemnitzer FC | 34 | (15) |
| 1996–1999 | Dynamo Dresden | 82 | (33) |
| Total |  | **420** | **(190)** |
| International career | | | |
| 1979 | East Germany U-18 | 4 | (3) |
| 1981–1983 | East Germany U-21 | 16 | (4) |
|  | East Germany Olympic | 3 | (2) |
| 1984–1989 | East Germany | 3 | (2) |
| Managerial career | | | |
| 2003–2004 | FC Oberneuland | | |
| 2006–2013 | TuS Heeslingen | | |
| 2014 | TSG Neustrelitz | | |
| 2017–2019 | FSV Budissa Bautzen | | |
| 2022–2023 | Bremer SV | | |
| 2023 | SG Dynamo Schwerin | | |
| \*Club domestic league appearances and goals | | | |


title: Top Fuel Eliminator

abstract: Top Fuel Eliminator is a 1987 video game published by Gamestar.

text:
# Top Fuel Eliminator

***Top Fuel Eliminator*** is a 1987 video game published by Gamestar.

## Gameplay

*Top Fuel Eliminator* is a game in which the track conditions in the game involve variables such as surface and air temperature, humidity, elevation, and traction.

## Reception

David M. Wilson and Johnny L. Wilson reviewed *Shirley Muldowney's Top Fuel Challenge* with *Top Fuel Eliminator* for *Computer Gaming World*, and stated that "Of the two games, one must - note that TFE is more user-friendly. Whereas TFC simply notes the player's failures, TFE offers a full-scale evaluation of every qualifying run."

## InfoBox

| Top Fuel Eliminator | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Developer(s) | Gamestar |
| Publisher(s) | Gamestar |
| Platform(s) | Apple II, Commodore 64 |
| Release | 1987 |


title: Top Floor Girl

abstract: Top Floor Girl is a 1959 British drama film directed by Max Varnel and starring Kay Callard, Neil Hallett and Robert Raikes. It was written by Brian Clemens and Eldon Howard and produced by The Danzigers.

text:
# Top Floor Girl

***Top Floor Girl*** is a 1959 British drama film directed by Max Varnel and starring Kay Callard, Neil Hallett and Robert Raikes. It was written by Brian Clemens and Eldon Howard and produced by The Danzigers.

## Plot

A ruthlessly ambitious woman becomes involved with the son of a wealthy man, but begins to have regrets about abandoning her previous lover.

## Cast

## Critical reception

*The Monthly Film Bulletin* wrote: "A naive and artificial magazine romance with a comforting moral, capable enough on its own level. Kay Callard plays what is almost a solo piece with suitable efficiency, and there is an amusing character sketch by Elizabeth Fraser as a dim typist."

In *British Sound Films: The Studio Years 1928–1959* David Quinlan rated the film as "mediocre", writing: "The old, old story – on a budget."

## InfoBox

| Top Floor Girl | |
| --- | --- |
| British theatrical poster | |
| Directed by | Max Varnel |
| Written by |  |
| Produced by |  |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | James Wilson |
| Edited by | Lee Doig |
| Music by | Albert Elms |
| Production<br>company | Danziger Productions |
| Distributed by | Paramount British Pictures (UK) |
| Release date | * May 1959 (1959-05) (UK) |
| Running time | 71 minutes |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Language | English |


title: Torfinnsvatnet

abstract: Torfinnsvatnet is a lake in the municipality of Voss in Vestland county, Norway. The 6.41 square kilometres (2.47 sq mi) lake lies about 1.7 kilometres (1.1 mi) east of the lake Hamlagrøvatnet. The lake has a dam on the west side, which keeps the water level regulated for the local hydroelectric power plants. The river Torfinno connects the lake to the nearby lake Hamlagrøvatnet.

text:
# Torfinnsvatnet

**Torfinnsvatnet** is a lake in the municipality of Voss in Vestland county, Norway. The 6.41 square kilometres (2.47 sq mi) lake lies about 1.7 kilometres (1.1 mi) east of the lake Hamlagrøvatnet. The lake has a dam on the west side, which keeps the water level regulated for the local hydroelectric power plants. The river Torfinno connects the lake to the nearby lake Hamlagrøvatnet.

## InfoBox

| Torfinnsvatnet | |
| --- | --- |
| View of the lake (right side, Hamlagrøvatnet is on the left) | |
| TorfinnsvatnetLocation of the lakeTorfinnsvatnetTorfinnsvatnet (Norway) | |
| Location | Voss, Vestland |
| Coordinates | 60°32′57″N 6°15′59″E / 60.5493°N 6.2664°E / 60.5493; 6.2664 |
| Basin countries | Norway |
|  | |
| Max. length | 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) |
| Max. width | 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) |
| Surface area | 6.41 km2 (2.47 sq mi) |
| Shore length1 | 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) |
| Surface elevation | 897 metres (2,943 ft) |
|  | |
| References | NVE |
| 1 Shore length is not a well-defined measure. | |


title: Tovomita

abstract: Tovomita is a genus of flowering plants in the family Clusiaceae. They are noted for having white-yellow latex and containing xanthones. The genus is distributed in the tropical Americas, with many occurring in Venezuela. Most are native to the forests of the Amazon. Most Tovomita species are trees, and a few are shrubs. They sometimes have buttress roots. There are monoecious and dioecious species.

text:
# Tovomita

***Tovomita*** is a genus of flowering plants in the family Clusiaceae. They are noted for having white-yellow latex and containing xanthones. The genus is distributed in the tropical Americas, with many occurring in Venezuela. Most are native to the forests of the Amazon.

Most *Tovomita* species are trees, and a few are shrubs. They sometimes have buttress roots. There are monoecious and dioecious species.

## Taxonomy

The taxonomy of this genus and its relatives is a current topic of research. Phylogenetic analyses have helped to clarify relationships between the species, and many new species have been named and described in recent years. The genus *Tovomita* is not monophyletic.

As of 2019 there are about 50 species. Species include:

## Threats

Some species are considered to be threatened, but the conservation status for most *Tovomita* species is not known due to lack of data. The most significant threat to the species is the deforestation of the Amazon.

## InfoBox

| *Tovomita* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Flower of *Tovomita mangle* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Malpighiales |
| Family: | Clusiaceae |
| Tribe: | Clusieae |
| Genus: | *Tovomita*<br>Aubl. |
|
| Species | |
| ~50, see text | |
| Synonyms | |
|  | |


title: Toyon Lodge, Saratoga

abstract: Toyon Lodge is a multi-home property in Saratoga, California, United States. Built in 1910, it was run as a resort and restaurant from the 1930s to 1967 before being converted into residential apartments. It is nestled in the foothills of the Santa Cruz Mountains, and it is less than two miles away from Montalvo Arts Center.

text:
# Toyon Lodge, Saratoga

**Toyon Lodge** is a multi-home property in Saratoga, California, United States. Built in 1910, it was run as a resort and restaurant from the 1930s to 1967 before being converted into residential apartments. It is nestled in the foothills of the Santa Cruz Mountains, and it is less than two miles away from Montalvo Arts Center.

## History

Toyon Lodge was a popular resort location in the Bay Area, and it was recommended as one of three lodging options for the city of Saratoga by Duncan Hines in his 1938 edition of “Lodging for a Night.” His description of the property was:

“Guest House : Toyon Lodge. 1 Mi. W. on Vickery Lane. A quiet, beautifully located place in the foothills. Recommended. 16 rms. A. 2WB. $10.00.”

Famous guests who visited over the years included Joan Fontaine and her sister Olivia de Havilland, who both grew up in Saratoga, as well as Jean Arthur, Lotte Lehmann, and Hedy Lamarr.

Previous owners of Toyon Lodge included Herman Hardtke (1922-1942) and Eugene Mancini (1949-1969). Today it is owned by Joseph Montgomery, father of Paul Montgomery.

37°15′02″N 122°01′55″W / 37.2505°N 122.0319°W / 37.2505; -122.0319


title: Tow Ubukata

abstract: Tow Ubukata is the pen name of a Japanese novelist, mangaka and anime screenwriter who primarily writes fantasy and science fiction. His major works include Mardock Scramble, Le Chevalier D'Eon and Heroic Age. He also did series composition for the Fafner in the Azure series, Ghost in the Shell: Arise, Psycho-Pass 2 and Psycho-Pass 3.

text:
# Tow Ubukata

**Tow Ubukata** (冲方 丁, *Ubukata Tō*, born February 14, 1977 in Gifu Prefecture) is the pen name of a Japanese novelist, mangaka and anime screenwriter who primarily writes fantasy and science fiction. His major works include *Mardock Scramble*, *Le Chevalier D'Eon* and *Heroic Age*. He also did series composition for the *Fafner in the Azure* series, *Ghost in the Shell: Arise*, *Psycho-Pass 2* and *Psycho-Pass 3*.

## Early life

Ubukata was raised in Singapore and Nepal.

## Career

In high school, Ubukata received several writer's awards. In 1996, he debuted as a writer of short stories and won the Kadokawa Sneaker Award with his story *Black Season*. In 2009, he won the Eiji Yoshikawa Award for New Writers with his story *Tenchi Meisatsu*. In 2012, he won the Fūtarō Yamada Award for his story *Mitsukuni-den*.

Ubukata writes for the Japanese visual culture magazine *Newtype*. His serialized segments, called "A Gambler's Life", are comedic, often-satiric expository pieces. They chronicle his day-to-day experiences and interactions with people, such as his wife. In these segments, he dubs himself "The Kamikazi Wordsmith". These segments were also published in the American counterpart, Newtype USA, which is now discontinued.

Ubukata won the 24th Nihon SF Taisho Award in 2003. Ubukata has written the novelization and the script for the manga version of *Le Chevalier D'Eon*, and has contributed to the screenplay and the overall story plot of the animated version.

## Personal life

On August 21, 2015, Ubukata allegedly hit his then-wife in her jaw and mouth area at their home in Aoyama, Minato Ward of Tokyo, breaking her front tooth. She reported the incident to the police the next day, leading to his arrest on August 24, 2015. Ubukata admitted they had an argument but denied hitting her. On August 26, 2015, Mito City mayor Yasushi Takahashi decided to put NHK's offer to film a live-action *taiga* drama adaptation of Ubukuta's novel, *Mitsukuni-den*, in the city itself on hold. Ubukata was released on September 1, 2015 without indictment. The Public Prosecutors Office dropped charges against him in October 2015, with one reason being that his wife did not want to press charges. Following the incident, Ubukata announced that he planned on writing a memoir based on his experiences in jail, titled *9 Days Trapped*. In 2016, one year after his arrest and release, Ubukata revealed that he and his wife had divorced, with his wife taking custody of their children.

## Bibliography

* *Tenchi Meisatsu*, 2009 (ISBN 9784048740135)
* *Mitsukuni-den*, 2012 (ISBN 9784041102749)
* *12 Suicidal Teens*, 2016 (ISBN 9784163905419)
* *Ikusa no Kuni*, 2017 (ISBN 9784062208048)
* *Kirinji*, 2018 (ISBN 9784041072141)
* *Tsuki to Hi no Kisaki*, 2021 (ISBN 978-4-569-85009-2)
* *SGU Metropolitan Police Department Special Gun Unit*, 2023 (ISBN 9784866997957)
* *11 Rebels*, 2024 (ISBN 978-4-06-535708-8)

## Filmography

### Anime series

| Year | Title | Role | Ref(s) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2006 | *Fafner in the Azure* | Series Composition, Script |  |
| 2006 | *Le Chevalier D'Eon* | Original Creator, Series Composition, Script |  |
| 2007 | *Heroic Age* | Original Creator, Series Composition |  |
| 2013 | *Ghost in the Shell: Arise* | Series Composition, Script |  |
| 2014 | *Psycho-Pass 2* | Series Composition |  |
| 2019 | *Psycho-Pass 3* | Series Composition, Script |  |
| 2022 | *RWBY: Ice Queendom* | Series Composition, Script |  |
| 2024 | *Bye Bye, Earth* | Original Creator |  |
| 2024 | *Moonrise* | Original Creator |  |

### Anime films

| Year | Title | Role | Ref(s) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2010 | *Mardock Scramble: The First Compression* | Original Creator, Script |  |
| 2011 | *Mardock Scramble: The Second Combustion* | Original Creator, Script |  |
| 2012 | *Mardock Scramble: The Third Exhaust* | Original Creator, Script |  |
| 2015 | *Ghost in the Shell: The New Movie* | Script |  |
| 2019 | *Human Lost* | Script |  |
| 2020 | *Psycho-Pass 3: First Inspector* | Series Composition, Script |  |
| 2023 | *Psycho-Pass: Providence* | Series Composition, Script |  |

### Live action

| Year | Title | Role | Ref(s) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2012 | *Tenchi: The Samurai Astronomer* | Original Creator |  |
| 2019 | *12 Suicidal Teens* | Original Creator |  |
| 2021 | *Kenjusho: Mitsukuni Ko to Ore* | Original Creator |  |
| 2023 | *Farewell, Guns Special Firearms Unit, Metropolitan Police Department* | Original Story |  |

### Video games

| Year | Title | Role | Ref(s) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1999 | *Shenmue* | Free Scenario Plotter |  |
| 2001 | *Segagaga* | Story |  |
| 2006 | *Culdcept Saga* | Script |  |
|

1. Ubukata, Tow. "Taking on a TV interview". *Newtype USA*. **6** (7) p. 30. July 2007. ISSN 1541-4817.
2. Hodgkins, Crystalyn (2015-08-24). "Ghost in the Shell Arise Writer Tow Ubukata Arrested on Charges of Domestic Violence". *Anime News Network*. Archived from the original on 2022-03-25. Retrieved 2022-03-24.
3. *Newtype USA*. ISSN 1541-4817.
4. Miya, Shotaro *et al*. "Le Chevalier D'Eon". *Newtype USA*. **6** (1) pp. 52-53. January 2007. ISSN 1541-4817.
5. Loo, Egan (2015-10-16). "Domestic Violence Charges Dropped Against Writer Tow Ubukata". *Anime News Network*. Archived from the original on 2022-03-25. Retrieved 2022-03-24.
6. Ressler, Karen (2015-09-01). "Tow Ubukata Released Without Indictment on Domestic Violence Charges". *Anime News Network*. Archived from the original on 2022-03-25. Retrieved 2022-03-24.
7. Cadorniga, Carlos (2015-11-30). "Tow Ubukata Talks About Upcoming Prison Memoir". *Anime News Network*. Archived from the original on 2022-03-25. Retrieved 2022-03-24.
8. Nishimuta, Yasushi (2016-09-09). "エンタメ作家・冲方丁の"DV疑惑"に隠された思惑（２）". *Infoseek* (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 2022-04-08. Retrieved 2022-03-24.
9. "TVアニメ『PSYCHO-PASS サイコパス ３』公式サイト". *TVアニメ『PSYCHO-PASS サイコパス ３』公式サイト* (in Japanese). Retrieved 2023-08-16.
10. "新作アニメ『RWBY 氷雪帝国』キャスト発表 早見沙織・日笠陽子・嶋村侑・小清水亜美ら" \[Cast announced for new anime series *RWBY: Ice Queendom*: Saori Hayami, Yoko Hikasa, Yu Shimamura, and Ami Koshimizu\]. *Oricon* (in Japanese). 2022-03-25. Archived from the original on 2022-03-25. Retrieved 2022-03-25.
11. *Mardock Scramble: The First Compression (2010) - IMDb*, retrieved 2023-08-16
12. *Mardock Scramble: The Second Combustion (2011) - IMDb*, retrieved 2023-08-16
13. Kudô, Susumu (2012-09-29), *Marudukku sukuranburu: Haiki* (Animation, Action, Drama), Leraldo Anzaldua, Chris Ayres, Shelley Calene-Black, Mardock Scramble Production Committee, GoHands, King Records, retrieved 2023-08-16
14. "アニメ『PSYCHO-PASS サイコパス ３ FIRST INSPECTOR』公式サイト". *アニメ『PSYCHO-PASS サイコパス ３ FIRST INSPECTOR』公式サイト* (in Japanese). Retrieved 2023-08-16.
15. "アニメ『PSYCHO-PASS サイコパス』シリーズ公式サイト". *アニメ『PSYCHO-PASS サイコパス』シリーズ公式サイト* (in Japanese). Retrieved 2023-08-16.
16. "'Tenchi Meisatsu (Tenchi: The Samurai Astronomer)'". 14 September 2012.
17. Litten, Matt (2008-01-30). "VGB Feature: Culdcept Saga Interview With Localization Producer Nobu Taguchi". *VGBlogger.com*. Archived from the original on 2011-07-17. Retrieved 2023-05-10.

## InfoBox

| Tow Ubukata | |
| --- | --- |
| Ubukata in 2019 | |
| Native name | 冲方 丁 |
| Born | Mineo Fujino (藤野峰男)
(1977-02-14) February 14, 1977
Gifu Prefecture, Japan |
| Occupation | * Novelist * screenwriter |
| Language | Japanese |


title: Torryburn, New South Wales

abstract: Torryburn is a small community located approximately 6 km south of East Gresford, New South Wales, Australia. Its main claim to fame is the property on Torryburn Road, now known as Torryburn Stud, which was at one time the home of Dorothea Mackellar, author of the Australian poem "My Country". During the Hunter Valley floods of April 2015, the almost 100-year-old wooden Torryburn Bridge was washed away, leaving about 100 residents of the hamlet isolated for almost three weeks before a temporary footbridge was created across the Allyn River. The Dungog Shire subsequently created a temporary detour road; a replacement concrete bridge was completed eleven months later.

text:
# Torryburn, New South Wales

**Torryburn** is a small community located approximately 6 km south of East Gresford, New South Wales, Australia. Its main claim to fame is the property on Torryburn Road, now known as Torryburn Stud, which was at one time the home of Dorothea Mackellar, author of the Australian poem "My Country".

During the Hunter Valley floods of April 2015, the almost 100-year-old wooden Torryburn Bridge was washed away, leaving about 100 residents of the hamlet isolated for almost three weeks before a temporary footbridge was created across the Allyn River. The Dungog Shire subsequently created a temporary detour road; a replacement concrete bridge was completed eleven months later.

## Transport

There are approximately five buses every week in each direction. Buses depart at the corner of Torryburn Road and Gresford Road.


title: Torryburn

abstract: Torryburn is a village and parish in Fife, Scotland, lying on the north shore of the Firth of Forth. It is one of a number of old port communities on this coast and at one point served as port for Dunfermline. It lies in the Bay of Torry in south western Fife. The civil parish has a population of 1,587.

text:
# Torryburn

**Torryburn** (previously called **Torry**/ **Torrie**) is a village and parish in Fife, Scotland, lying on the north shore of the Firth of Forth. It is one of a number of old port communities on this coast and at one point served as port for Dunfermline. It lies in the Bay of Torry in south western Fife.

The civil parish has a population of 1,587 (in 2011).

## History

The earliest mention of the village of Torry is in 1296 in relation to the church (rebuilt in 1800).

Lilias Adie is Fife's most famous victim of the witchcraft panic. She died in prison, it is presumed as a result of torture, and was buried on the shore at the village in 1704. Her resting place, under a huge sandstone slab to prevent the devil from gaining access, is the only known grave of an accused witch in Scotland, as the majority were burned.

Some of Adie's remains were dug up by grave robbers in 1852 and her skull was exhibited at various locations until it went missing in the middle of the last century. Old photographs of it were used in 2017 to construct a 3D virtual model showing the face of an older woman with a gentle demeanour.

Torryburn grew around coal mining in the 19th century. An early example of a colliery pumping engine designed by James Watt was set going here in 1778.

Edited from Westwood's Directory for the counties of Fife & Kinross published 1862: "Torryburn parish is bounded by the Firth of Forth, Perthshire, Saline, Carnock and Dunfermline. It measures about 5 miles by 3. There are small piers at Crombie and Torryburn, but their importance is not so great as when they formed the port for Dunfermline. The village of Torryburn stands on the coast. A number of the inhabitants are weavers, producing damasks for Dunfermline and cotton goods for Glasgow. The parish church is at Torryburn, and there is a Free Church at Torry."

In 2013 the parish church was put up for sale.

## Miscellaneous

Craigflower Preparatory School was based at Craigflower House in Torryburn, from 1923 until its closure in 1979. Craigflower House is a protected ("listed") building.

Torry Bay is designated as a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI). Intertidal mudflats are an important estuarine habitat for birds and thousands are attracted to the reserve every year. The apparent barrenness of the shore is deceiving. It has been estimated that one square metre of mud may contain up to 60,000 laver spire snails or thousands of ragworms. These invertebrates provide essential food for the birds that overwinter at Torry Bay. In the winter you can see large numbers of great crested grebe, shelduck, wigeon, curlew, redshank and dunlin. Others like sandwich tern, ringed plover, ruff and greenshank occur on migration during the autumn. Washed up on the beach, you can also find cockles, mussels, periwinkles and tellins. Rockpools often contain butterfish, gobies, sea anemones, shore crabs and shrimps. Pockets of saltmarsh contain colourful flowers such as sea aster, thrift and scurvy grass. One plant that grows in the soft mud is the uncommon eelgrass, an important food source for the wigeon.

## Notable residents

## Ministers

* Rev Dr John Gordon Lorimer DD (1804-1868) minister of the old kirk from 1829.
* Rev Alexander Lundie (born 1833) minister of the Free Church from 1867.

## InfoBox

| Torryburn | |
| --- | --- |
| Tuilyies standing stones, beside the A985 road above Torryburn | |
| TorryburnLocation within Fife | |
| Population | 1,030 (2022) |
| Council area |  |
| Country | Scotland |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
|  | |
| Police | Scotland |
| Fire | Scottish |
| Ambulance | Scottish |
|  | |
|


title: Townend Glover

abstract: Townend Glover was an American entomologist and the first appointed United States Entomologist to the newly formed United States Department of Agriculture in 1862. He has been described as one of the "finest illustrators" of insects in the United States.

text:
# Townend Glover

**Townend Glover** (February 20, 1813 – September 7, 1883) was an American entomologist and the first appointed United States Entomologist to the newly formed United States Department of Agriculture in 1862. He has been described as one of the "finest illustrators" of insects in the United States.

## Early life

Glover was born in Rio de Janeiro to Henry and Mary Townend Glover, both of whom died when he was just six weeks old. He was sent to Leeds, England, to live with relatives, and came into his inheritance when he turned 21. He used the money to study painting and travel Europe, before returning to Leeds. In 1863, he traveled to the United States, and traveled extensively, especially in the south, before settling in New York state. He married in 1840, and bought his father-in-law's estate in 1846.

## United States Entomologist

In 1854, Glover joined the Bureau of Agriculture of the United States Patent Office as an entomologist, and studied a wide range of topics, including sugarcane, citrus insect pests, plant diseases, soils, birds, mammals, reptiles, and Indian mounds, before joining the faculty at Maryland Agricultural College in 1859. In 1862, when the Department of Agriculture became an independent organization, Glover took up his appointment as United States Entomologist. After a trip to an entomological convention in Paris, Glover strongly advocated for the fumigation of imports to the United States, stating "It is well known that several of the insects most destructive to our crops are of European origin, and I would suggest that all foreign seeds and plants imported by this department be subjected to a careful investigation, and if found to be infested by any new or unknown insects, fumigation, or other thoroughly efficacious means of destroying them, should be used before distributing them through the country."

Glover is also credited with using one of the first portable, self contained, lamp lit moth traps.

In 1878, Glover resigned his position at the USDA and moved to Baltimore where he lived with his adopted daughter. He died September 7, 1883.

## Publications

Much of Glover's illustrations were privately printed. He often distributed them broadly to entomologists across the globe. However, he struggled to find a publisher for his proposed book, and even refused to illustrate *Insects Injurious to Vegetation* by T. W. Harris. In 1872, he combined all 273 copper plates and 6,179 figures into *Illustrations of North American Entomology in the Orders of Coleoptera, Orthoptera, Neuroptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, and Diptera*. According to Dodge, 250 copies were printed, of which 50 were distributed widely and the rest were destroyed, though Mallis claims that only 15 author's proofs were published (though he wrongly states that they were published in 1887 after Glover had already died).


title: Towner, North Dakota

abstract: Towner is a city in McHenry County, North Dakota. It is the county seat of McHenry County. The population was 479 at the time of the 2020 census. It is part of the Minot Micropolitan Statistical Area. Towner was founded in 1886.

text:
# Towner, North Dakota

**Towner** is a city in McHenry County, North Dakota. It is the county seat of McHenry County. The population was 479 at the time of the 2020 census. It is part of the Minot Micropolitan Statistical Area. Towner was founded in 1886.

## History

Towner sprang up in 1886 with the arrival of the Great Northern Railway into the area. It was named for rancher O. M. Towner.

## Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.81 square miles (2.10 km2), all land.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Census | Pop. | Note |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1890 | 211 |  |  |
| 1900 | 331 |  | 56.9% |
| 1910 | 691 |  | 108.8% |
| 1920 | 610 |  | −11.7% |
| 1930 | 622 |  | 2.0% |
| 1940 | 918 |  | 47.6% |
| 1950 | 955 |  | 4.0% |
| 1960 | 948 |  | −0.7% |
| 1970 | 870 |  | −8.2% |
| 1980 | 867 |  | −0.3% |
| 1990 | 669 |  | −22.8% |
| 2000 | 574 |  | −14.2% |
| 2010 | 533 |  | −7.1% |
| 2020 | 479 |  | −10.1% |
| 2022 (est.) | 464 |  | −3.1% |
| U.S. Decennial Census
2020 Census | | | |

### 2010 census

As of the census of 2010, there were 533 people, 267 households and 149 families residing in the city. The population density was 658.0 per square mile (254.1/km2). There were 337 housing units at an average density of 416.0 per square mile (160.6/km2). The racial make-up was 96.6% White, 1.9% Native American, 0.6% from other races, and 0.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.3% of the population.

There were 267 households, of which 22.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.4% were married couples living together, 9.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.4% had a male householder with no wife present, and 44.2% were non-families. 41.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 24.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.00 and the average family size was 2.69.

The median age was 49.9 years. 20.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 5.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 18.1% were from 25 to 44; 29.1% were from 45 to 64; and 27% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.6% male and 51.4% female.

### 2000 census

As of the census of 2000, there were 574 people, 295 households and 158 families residing in the city. The population density was 694.0 per square mile (268.0/km2). There were 335 housing units at an average density of 405.0 per square mile (156.4/km2). The racial make-up was 97.91% White, 0.35% African American, 0.35% Native American, and 1.39% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.87% of the population.

There were 295 households, of which 18.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.7% were married couples living together, 6.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 46.4% were non-families. 42.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 23.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.95 and the average family size was 2.66.

17.1% of the population were under the age of 18, 6.1% from 18 to 24, 20.7% from 25 to 44, 27.2% from 45 to 64, and 28.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 50 years. For every 100 females, there were 86.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.4 males.

The median household income was $25,536 and the median family income was $44,375. Males had a median income of $29,500 and females $17,375. The per capita income was $19,598. About 3.2% of families and 10.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.4% of those under age 18 and 16.5% of those age 65 or over.

## Attractions

## Transportation

Amtrak’s Empire Builder, which operates between Seattle/Portland and Chicago, passes through the town on BNSF tracks, but makes no stop. The nearest station is located in Rugby, 20 miles (32 km) to the east.

## Climate

This climatic region is typified by large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold) winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Towner has a humid continental climate, abbreviated "Dfb" on climate maps.

| Climate data for Towner 2 NE, North Dakota (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1896–present) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 58
(14) | 63
(17) | 79
(26) | 95
(35) | 106
(41) | 106
(41) | 111
(44) | 105
(41) | 103
(39) | 95
(35) | 76
(24) | 67
(19) | 111
(44) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 18.5
(−7.5) | 23.3
(−4.8) | 35.7
(2.1) | 54.0
(12.2) | 68.5
(20.3) | 77.2
(25.1) | 83.4
(28.6) | 83.3
(28.5) | 72.6
(22.6) | 56.7
(13.7) | 37.8
(3.2) | 23.8
(−4.6) | 52.9
(11.6) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 7.2
(−13.8) | 11.1
(−11.6) | 24.2
(−4.3) | 40.7
(4.8) | 54.1
(12.3) | 63.8
(17.7) | 69.2
(20.7) | 67.8
(19.9) | 57.7
(14.3) | 43.0
(6.1) | 26.4
(−3.1) | 13.1
(−10.5) | 39.9
(4.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | −4
(−20) | −1.0
(−18.3) | 12.7
(−10.7) | 27.4
(−2.6) | 39.7
(4.3) | 50.3
(10.2) | 55.0
(12.8) | 52.4
(11.3) | 42.7
(5.9) | 29.3
(−1.5) | 15.0
(−9.4) | 2.3
(−16.5) | 26.8
(−2.9) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −49
(−45) | −48
(−44) | −42
(−41) | −20
(−29) | 12
(−11) | 25
(−4) | 32
(0) | 22
(−6) | 12
(−11) | −15
(−26) | −34
(−37) | −44
(−42) | −49
(−45) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 0.48
(12) | 0.48
(12) | 0.78
(20) | 0.98
(25) | 2.34
(59) | 3.80
(97) | 2.50
(64) | 2.05
(52) | 1.56
(40) | 1.20
(30) | 0.84
(21) | 0.66
(17) | 17.67
(449) |
| Average snowfall inches (cm) | 6.9
(18) | 6.9
(18) | 4.6
(12) | 3.3
(8.4) | 0.8
(2.0) | 0.0
(0.0) | 0.0
(0.0) | 0.0
(0.0) | 0.1
(0.25) | 2.2
(5.6) | 4.6
(12) | 10.0
(25) | 39.4
(100) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 3.5 | 3.5 | 2.7 | 3.4 | 5.3 | 8.2 | 6.0 | 5.4 | 4.3 | 2.9 | 3.0 | 3.7 | 51.9 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | 3.0 | 3.1 | 1.8 | 1.1 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.8 | 2.3 | 3.7 | 16.1 |
| Source: NOAA | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| Towner, North Dakota | |
| --- | --- |
| City | |
| McHenry County Courthouse in Towner | |
| Location of Towner, North Dakota | |
| Coordinates: 48°20′50″N 100°24′25″W / 48.34722°N 100.40694°W / 48.34722; -100.40694 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | North Dakota |
| County | McHenry |
| Founded | 1886 |
| Government | |
| Executive Office | Patty Mc Combs |
| Area | |
| Total | 0.83 sq mi (2.14 km2) |
| Land | 0.83 sq mi (2.14 km2) |
| Water | 0.00 sq mi (0.00 km2) |
| Elevation | 1,476 ft (450 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| Total | 479 |
| Estimate (2022) | 464 |
| Density | 579.20/sq mi (223.68/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central (CST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| ZIP code | 58788 |
| Area code | 701 |
| FIPS code | 38-79420 |
| GNIS feature ID | 1036299 |
| Website | townernd.com |


title: Towner's station

abstract: Towner's was a station on the Harlem Line of the New York Central Railroad. It was 58 miles from Grand Central Terminal. The station dates as far back as December 31, 1848 and was closed when the New York Central merged into Penn Central in 1968. No station structures remain at the site. Towners Station was located off New York State Route 164 just north of a bridge that carries the former New York and New England Railroad main line over the tracks. The Beacon Line had a separate station nearby.

text:
# Towner's station

**Towner's** was a station on the Harlem Line of the New York Central Railroad (now Metro-North Railroad). It was 58 miles from Grand Central Terminal. The station dates as far back as December 31, 1848 and was closed when the New York Central merged into Penn Central in 1968. No station structures remain at the site.

Towners Station was located off New York State Route 164 just north of a bridge that carries the former New York and New England Railroad main line (now the Metro-North Beacon Line) over the tracks. The Beacon Line had a separate station nearby.

## Bibliography

* Dana, William B. (1866). *The Merchants' Magazine and Commercial Review, Volume 55*. New York, New York: William B. Dana. Retrieved December 12, 2019.

## InfoBox

| Towner's | |
| --- | --- |
| Location of the former Towners station. Note the Maybrook-Beacon Line truss bridge in the background. | |
| General information | |
| Location | New York State Route 164<br>Patterson, New York |
| Coordinates | 41°28′46″N 73°36′37″W / 41.4794°N 73.6102°W / 41.4794; -73.6102 |
| Tracks | 1 |
| History | |
| Opened | December 31, 1848 |
| Key dates | |
| January 1958 | Station agent eliminated |
|  | |
|  | |
| Former services | |
| Preceding station New York Central Railroad Following station  Dykeman'stoward New York  Harlem Division  Pattersontoward Chatham | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location | |


title: UNY

abstract: UNY Co., Ltd. is a company that operates a chain of supermarkets in Japan. Most of the stores are mainly located in the Chūbu and Kantō regions, with an international branch in Cityplaza, Taikoo Shing, Hong Kong operated by Uny (HK) Co., Ltd. with a brand name called APiTA, which is a subsidiary company of Henderson Land Development, a Hong Kong real estate company controlled by Hong Kong tycoon Lee Shau-kee. The company is headquartered in Inazawa, Aichi Prefecture. In June 2018, UNY Hong Kong was acquired by Henderson Investment Ltd. and officially renamed as “Unicorn Stores (HK) Ltd.”, rather acquired by its subsidiary company Urban Kirin. Therefore, Uny became an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of the company.

text:
# UNY

**UNY Co., Ltd.** (ユニー株式会社, *Yunī Kabushikigaisha*) is a company that operates a chain of supermarkets in Japan. Most of the stores are mainly located in the Chūbu and Kantō regions, with an international branch in Cityplaza, Taikoo Shing, Hong Kong operated by Uny (HK) Co., Ltd. with a brand name called **APiTA**, which is a subsidiary company of Henderson Land Development, a Hong Kong real estate company controlled by Hong Kong tycoon Lee Shau-kee. The company is headquartered in Inazawa, Aichi Prefecture.

In June 2018, UNY Hong Kong was acquired by Henderson Investment Ltd. and officially renamed as “Unicorn Stores (HK) Ltd.”, rather acquired by its subsidiary company Urban Kirin. Therefore, Uny became an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of the company.

## Chains

## Stores

So far, Unicorn Stores (HK) Ltd. operates 2 GMS and 2 supermarkets, namely APITA in Tai Koo, UNY in Lok Fu, Yuen Long, and Tseung Kwan O, as well as Guu San (the new premium Japanese lifestyle grocery store of Unicorn Stores (HK)) in Tsim Sha Tsui.

## InfoBox

UNY
|
|  |
| Company type | KK |
| Industry | Supermarkets |
| Founded | 1969 as UNY Co., Ltd.<br>2012 as UNY Group Holdings, Ltd. |
| Headquarters | Inazawa, Aichi |
| Area served | Japan, China, Hong Kong |
| Parent | Pan Pacific International Holdings |
| Website | www.uny.co.jp |


abstract: The Second Yuying Foreign Languages School of Nanjing is a state-owned, privately run school established in 1993 in Nanjing, China. The school covers an area of 18 acres and has two campuses, offering 72 classes, with more than 2,700 students and 400 staff.

text:
# The Second Yuying Foreign Languages School of Nanjing

**The Second Yuying Foreign Languages School of Nanjing** is a state-owned, privately run school established in 1993 in Nanjing, China. The school covers an area of 18 acres and has two campuses, offering 72 classes, with more than 2,700 students and 400 staff.

## Development

When the school started in 1993, it had 2 classes and 19 staff.

## English feature

Every year, the school sends a teacher to a foreign nation for training, and invites foreign teachers to the school.


title: Widowspeak

abstract: Widowspeak is an American indie rock band from Brooklyn, New York City, United States. The band consists of guitarist and vocalist Molly Hamilton and guitarist Robert Earl Thomas.

text:
# Widowspeak

**Widowspeak** is an American indie rock band from Brooklyn, New York City, United States. The band consists of guitarist and vocalist Molly Hamilton and guitarist Robert Earl Thomas.

## History

The band formed in Brooklyn in 2010 by Tacoma, Washington natives Molly Hamilton and her friend Michael Stasiak, who have known each other since they were teenagers. The pair met with guitarist Robert Earl Thomas and began practicing together. The band released their debut album *Widowspeak* in August 2011 to critical acclaim. The single "Harsh Realm" was featured in an episode of the television series *American Horror Story*. In 2012, the band recruited bassist Pamela Garavano-Coolbaugh for their subsequent tours.

After touring extensively for the first album, Stasiak and Garavano-Coolbaugh left the band. At the beginning of 2012, Widowspeak began to work on their second full-length album, *Almanac*. *Almanac* was recorded by producer Kevin McMahon, who has also produced for Swans and Real Estate. The recording sessions took place in a century-old barn in the Hudson River Valley late in the summer of 2012. *Almanac* was released January 22, 2013. In March 2013, Widowspeak was named one of Fuse TV's 30 must-see artists at SXSW

In 2015, Widowspeak released the album *All Yours.* The fourth album *Expect the Best* was recorded at Marcata Recording, New Paltz, New York and released August 2017. Molly Hamilton wrote the songs in her home town Tacoma, Washington. It's a return to the sounds of their beginnings.

Widowspeak released their fifth album, *Plum*, in 2020. In 2022 they released their sixth album, *The Jacket*.

## Discography

### Studio albums

* *Widowspeak* (16 August 2011, Captured Tracks)
* *Almanac* (22 January 2013, Captured Tracks)
* *All Yours* (28 August 2015, Captured Tracks)
* *Expect the Best* (25 August 2017, Captured Tracks)
* *Plum* (28 August 2020, Captured Tracks)
* *The Jacket* (11 March 2022, Captured Tracks)

### Other releases

* *Harsh Realm* 7" (2011, Captured Tracks)
* *Gun Shy* 7" (2011, Captured Tracks)

### EP

* *The Swamps* (November 2013, Captured Tracks)
* *Honeychurch* (22 January 2021, Captured Tracks)

## InfoBox

| Widowspeak | |
| --- | --- |
| Widowspeak in March 2024 in the UK | |
| Background information | |
| Origin | New York City, New York, United States |
| Genres |  |
| Years active | 2010–present |
| Labels | Captured Tracks |
|  | |
| Members | * Molly Hamilton * Robert Earl Thomas |
|  | |
| Past members | * Pamela Garavano-Coolbaugh * Michael Stasiak |
|  | |
| Website | www.widowspeakforever.com |


title: Mendoza Province

abstract: Mendoza, officially Province of Mendoza, is a province of Argentina, in the western central part of the country in the Cuyo region. It borders San Juan to the north, La Pampa and Neuquén to the south, San Luis to the east, and the republic of Chile to the west; the international limit is marked by the Andes mountain range. Its capital city is the homonymous city of Mendoza. Covering an area of 148,827 km⁲, it is the seventh biggest province of Argentina with 5.35% of the country's total area. The population for 2022 is 2,014,533 inhabitants, which makes it the fifth most populated region of the country, or 4.38% of the total national population.

text:
# Mendoza Province

**Mendoza** (Spanish pronunciation: \[menˈdosa\]), officially **Province of Mendoza**, is a province of Argentina, in the western central part of the country in the Cuyo region. It borders San Juan to the north, La Pampa and Neuquén to the south, San Luis to the east, and the republic of Chile to the west; the international limit is marked by the Andes mountain range. Its capital city is the homonymous city of Mendoza.

Covering an area of 148,827 km2, it is the seventh biggest province of Argentina with 5.35% of the country's total area. The population for 2022 is 2,014,533 inhabitants, which makes it the fifth most populated region of the country, or 4.38% of the total national population.

## History

### Pre-Columbian times

Archeological studies have determined that the first inhabitants in the area date from the Holocene, but there are few remains of those people to know their habits. The earliest sites of human occupation in Mendoza Province, Agua de la Cueva and Gruta del Indio, are 12,000–13,000 years old. In the basins of the Atuel River, in 300 BC, lived a group of people that lived via hunting and the cultivation of maize, pumpkins and beans. Those valleys saw the rise of the Agrelo culture, ancestor of the Huarpes. They were later influenced greatly by the Inca empire during the 15th century.

### Spanish colony (1550–1810)

The first Spanish conquerors came around 1550, from the Viceroyalty of Peru. In 1561, Mendoza was founded by the conquistador Pedro del Castillo. Until the creation of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata in 1776, the area of what is now Mendoza Province belonged to the Captaincy General of Chile.

### Independence

With the creation of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata, its 30,000 inhabitants became part of the intendency of *Cuyo de Córdoba del Tucumán*, but in 1813, the intendency was separated and the Province of Cuyo created, with José de San Martín as its first Governor. He received important support from Mendoza when he led his Army of the Andes from *Plumerillo* to the 1817 crossing of the Andes, in his campaign to end Spanish rule in Chile.

### 19th century

The Province of Cuyo was ultimately divided in 1820, and Mendoza parted ways with San Luis and San Juan Provinces.

The 1861 earthquake nearly destroyed the city of Mendoza, which had to be almost entirely reconstructed. In 1885, railways were built to the province, allowing for easy transport of the region's wines to the country's trade hub of Buenos Aires.

Following the development of the wine industry in the province around 1900, Mendoza began to grow quickly, attracting tens of thousands of European immigrants, particularly Spaniards. In 1939, the National University of Cuyo, one of the more important universities of the country, was founded in the province.

### 20th century

Partly in reaction to President Juan Perón's populist policies, some of which taxed agriculture heavily to finance urban development and public works, Mendoza landowners formed the conservative Democratic Party, which secured the Vice Governor's post in 1958. Increasing their presence in the Mendoza Legislature, the Democrats became an obstacle to progressive Governor Ernesto Ueltschi, an ally of president Arturo Frondizi's. With majorities in both houses by 1961, they had Gov. Ueltschi removed and Democrat Vice-governor Francisco Gabrielli appointed in his stead. Elected governor in his own right in 1963, Gov. Gabrielli was deposed following the June 1966 coup against President Arturo Illia; but still benefiting from conservative credentials, he was appointed *de facto* governor by the same military regime in 1970.

In contrast to the pragmatism that had distinguished his 1963–66 term, Gabrielli governed with a hard line, freezing state salaries and ordering large utility rate increases, used the Mendoza police to repress dissent and took foreign policy prerogatives like collaborating with Chilean saboteurs opposed to their country's new Marxist president, Salvador Allende. These events came to a head in April 1972, however, when violent protests forced the newly unpopular Gabrielli to resign.

Upon the return to democracy in March 1973, Mendoza voters turned to a left-leaning Peronist, Alberto Martínez Baca. Quickly enacting needed labor and land reforms, Martínez Baca, however, made the mistake of appointing affiliates of the extreme-left Montoneros movement, an organization whose armed wing had perpetrated a string of violent crimes since 1970 (and would continue to do so). Alarmed by this move from the otherwise pragmatic Martínez Baca, President Perón had him removed in June 1974.

Becoming more politically independent-minded following these two disappointments, Mendoza voters elected centrist Radical Civic Union as well as populist Justicialist Party lawmakers since Argentina's return to democracy in 1983. Though Mendoza has generally prospered since then, its critical wine industry was left reeling from the 1983 collapse of state-owned vintner Bodegas GIOL, whose dictatorship-era receivers had run the wine conglomerate (then the world's largest outside Europe), and accumulated over US$6 billion of debt; GIOL closed in 1991.

Elected in 2003, Radical Civic Union Governor Julio Cobos highlighted this independent sentiment by parting ways with many in his party and endorsing newly elected Peronist President Néstor Kirchner's policies in 2004. Over the opposition of his party, Julio Cobos accepted the post of running mate to first lady Cristina Fernández de Kirchner of the ruling Front for Victory, in the presidential elections of October 2007. Fernández and Cobos won in the first round, and Cobos became Vice President of Argentina; he was replaced by pro-Kirchner Justicialist candidate Celso Jaque as governor. The province is represented by three senators in the Argentine Senate, currently María Perceval, Ernesto Sanz and Mónica Troadello. Mendoza is represented by 10 deputies in the Argentine Chamber of Deputies.

On 16 July 2008, Vice President Cobos stunned observers by casting the tie-breaking vote against a presidentially-sponsored measure in the Senate that would have raised export taxes on an array of agricultural goods. His faction of the UCR won a significant victory in the 2009 mid-term elections in Mendoza.

## Geography

The geography of the province descends from 6,960.8 metres (22,837 ft) at the summit of Aconcagua to the semi-flat lands of the east. A series of longitudinal valles, such as the Uspallata, separate the Andes from the *Precordillera* lower mountains. To the east, the Cuyean plains are crossed by tributaries of the Desaguadero River. Other important rivers include Mendoza River, Tunuyán River, Diamante River and Atuel River.

The climate is continental, sunny and dry in the entire territory of the province, with warm summers and relatively cold winters. The arid soil due to the scant precipitation and the great temperature difference between day and night allows mainly xerophytes and few trees to grow. The annual precipitation lies between 150 and 350mm, and hail is a significant, and not uncommon, problem in the regional viticulture. There are fertile lands surrounding the basins of the many rivers born in the glaciers of the *Cordillera.*

The lowlands have very hot summers (30 °C to 33 °C during the day, or 86 °F to 91 °F) with warm nights in the north (18 °C, or 64 °F) and cooler evenings in the south (15 °C, 59 °F). Precipitation falls mainly as very scarce, but often severe thunderstorms that bring hail and high winds. Falls are pleasant and dry, and winters are cool with daytime highs around 14 °C (57 °F) and nighttime lows of 2 °C (35F). When Zonda winds blow downslope from the Andes, temperatures may soar to 30 °C (86 °F); however, Pampero winds can keep day temperatures below 5 °C (41 °F) and nighttime lows of −8 °C (18 °F) can be recorded. Snow is uncommon in the north, and occasional in the south.

The area around Malargue is located at higher elevation (1400 meters) and thus the weather is significantly colder: summers average 28 °C (82 °F) during the day, but only 11 °C (53F) at night, and winters range from 10 °C (50 °F) to −2 °C (28 °F). Here, precipitation is somewhat higher (350 mm) and winter is stormier than the summer, with 45 mm (1.8 in) falling in July. Snow is much more common, and falls several times every year: on occasion, it can be heavy. Temperatures often fall to −12 °C (10 °F) and up to −23 °C (-9 °F) have been recorded.

The first slopes of the Andes are dry and sunny; however, precipitation increases as one approaches the border with Chile, especially toward the south, where some areas receive over 600 mm (24 in), falling exclusively in the winter, and mostly as snow. Altitudes over 2,600 m in the north and over 2,000 m in the far south usually have ample snow cover. Summer days may be warm and sunny, but nights are always cold, whereas winter temperatures tend to be moderate, with long stretches of sunny (but very windy) weather alternating with very intense snowstorms where several meters of snow may pile up, providing excellent skiing conditions in resorts like Las Lenas, Penitentes and Vallecitos. Mountains often surpass 5,000 meters, and Aconcagua reaches 6,959 meters: at these altitudes, the climate is extremely cold and windy year round, with temperatures down to −40 °C.

Different wind fronts affect the landscape, mainly the Zonda wind, but also the mild Pampero, the warm Viento Norte and, in winter, the very rare Sudestada from the Southeast. The latter wind mostly affects the pampas.

## Economy

Famed worldwide for its viticulture (with 70% of the 1.5 billion liters in Argentine wine production), the Mendoza economy (Argentina's fifth largest) is, however, quite diversified. Its 2013 output was estimated at US$18.8 billion, or, US$10,758 per capita below the national average, at a level similar to Turkey and above Mexico. Agriculture, to be sure (though 7% of the total economy), has long accounted for much of Mendoza's foreign exchange earnings (followed closely by tourism, mainly from Chile). Besides wine, other important crops (mainly for the Argentine market) are apples, pears, tomatoes, onions, plums, olives, cherries, peaches and quince. Apiculture, with 30,000 beehives, is another growing activity favoured by Mendoza's dry weather.

Mining is important to the Mendoza economy and has grown sharply in recent years, now accounting for 22% of output in 2005 (nearly 5 times the national average). Fourteen percent of the national reserves of petroleum are in Mendoza, also home to large-scale mining of lime and uranium. Manufacturing has long contributed to the province's prosperity and still accounts for 16% of the economy. Mendoza's main industries are, of course, wine production with 1,200 wineries turning out 1.1 billion liters in 2005, followed by canned fruits, a large petroleum refinery (in Luján de Cuyo), cement and others.

Mendoza's services sector is somewhat less developed and diversified than the national average. Tourism, long active in the scenic province, has, since the 2002 devaluation of the Argentine peso, become one of its most important sources of income, with around 700,000 visitors per year. The main attractions are the Las Leñas ski centre, the Aconcagua mountain, and the provincial parks of the Atuel Canyon, Puente del Inca and others. With the recent developments in Argentine wine production, enotourism has also become very popular, with numerous wine-tourism oriented hotels appearing throughout the province. Wineries along the wine route generally offer free tours of the premises with wine-tastings at the conclusion of the tour. In the wine-producing region, the *Fiesta de la Vendimia* (grape harvest festival) receives many visitors in late February or early March. The Christ the Redeemer of the Andes statue in the mountains on the Chilean border is a destination for many excursions.

## Government

The provincial government is divided into the usual three branches: the executive, headed by a popularly elected governor, who appoints the cabinet; the legislative; and the judiciary, headed by the Supreme Court. The legislative branch is a bicameral body composed of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate. The Legislature is charged with introducing and passing local laws.

The Constitution of Mendoza Province forms the formal law of the province.

In Argentina, the most important law enforcement organization is the Argentine Federal Police but the additional work is carried out by the Mendoza Provincial Police.

## Political division

The province is divided into 18 local government areas called departments (Spanish: *departamentos*). Each is divided into one or more districts, and has an Executive Department (led by a mayor or *intendente*) and a Deliberative Department (legislature) to run local services. The mayor is elected by a simple majority of the popular vote every four years, while half of the Deliberative body is renewed every two years (re-election is allowed in both cases). The departments can make regulations in accordance with the provincial constitution and the Organic Law of Municipalities, but financially cannot levy taxes, but only charge for services. The most populous cities within a department may have citizens' committees appointed by the municipal government to perform certain functions.

## Villages

## InfoBox

| Mendoza *Provincia de Mendoza* (Spanish) | |
| --- | --- |
| Province | |
| Province of Mendoza | |
| Aconcagua, the highest mountain in the Americas | |
|  | |
| Location of Mendoza within Argentina | |
| Coordinates: 32°53′55″S 68°50′47″W / 32.89861°S 68.84639°W / -32.89861; -68.84639 (Casa de Gobierno) | |
| Country | Argentina |
| Capital | Mendoza |
| Departments | 18 |
| Districts | 205 |
| Government | |
| Governor | Alfredo Cornejo (UCR) |
| Deputies | 10 |
| Senators |  |
| Area
Ranked 7th | |
| Total | 148,827 km2 (57,462 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 875 m (2,871 ft) |
| Population (2022 census) | |
| Total | 2,014,533 |
| Rank | 5th |
| Density | 14/km2 (35/sq mi) |
| Demonym | *mendocino* |
| GDP | |
| Total | peso 571 billion
(US$12.2 billion) (2019) |
| Time zone | UTC−3 (ART) |
| ISO 3166 code | AR-M |
| **HDI** (2021) | 0.848 very high (6th) |
| Website | www.mendoza.gov.ar |


title: Paralactobacillus selangorensis

abstract: Paralactobacillus selangorensis is a species of lactic acid bacteria.

text:
# Paralactobacillus selangorensis

***Paralactobacillus selangorensis*** is a species of lactic acid bacteria.

## InfoBox

| *Paralactobacillus selangorensis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Bacteria |
| Phylum: | Bacillota |
| Class: | Bacilli |
| Order: | Lactobacillales |
| Family: | Lactobacillaceae |
| Genus: | ***Paralactobacillus***
Leisner *et al*. 2000 |
| Species: | ***P. selangorensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Paralactobacillus selangorensis***
Leisner *et al*. 2000 | |
|
| Type strain | |
| ATCC BAA-66
CCUG 43347
CIP 106482
DSM 13344
LMG 17710 | |
| Synonyms | |
| * *Paralactobacillus selangorensis* Zheng *et al*. 2020 * *Lactobacillus selangorensis* (Leisner *et al*. 2000) Haakensen *et al*. 2011 | |


title: Spartak, Kyrgyzstan

abstract: Spartak is a village in the Chüy Region of Kyrgyzstan. Its population was 1,321 in 2021. It is the center of the Chapayev rural community of the Moskva District. Other villages in the same ayyl aymagy are Ak-Söök and Malovodnoye.

text:
# Spartak, Kyrgyzstan

**Spartak** is a village in the Chüy Region of Kyrgyzstan. Its population was 1,321 in 2021. It is the center of the Chapayev rural community (*ayyl aymagy*) of the Moskva District. Other villages in the same *ayyl aymagy* are Ak-Söök and Malovodnoye.

## InfoBox

| Spartak Спартак | |
| --- | --- |
| Spartak | |
| Coordinates: 43°2′N 74°8′E / 43.033°N 74.133°E / 43.033; 74.133 | |
| Country | Kyrgyzstan |
| Region | Chüy |
| District | Moskva |
| Elevation | 615 m (2,018 ft) |
| Population (2021) | |
| Total | 1,321 |


title: The Fourth Wise Man

abstract: The Fourth Wise Man is a 1985 American television film directed by Michael Ray Rhodes and starring Martin Sheen, Eileen Brennan and Alan Arkin. The story was adapted from Henry van Dyke Jr.'s 1895 short story, The Other Wise Man.

text:
# The Fourth Wise Man

***The Fourth Wise Man*** is a 1985 American television film directed by Michael Ray Rhodes and starring Martin Sheen, Eileen Brennan and Alan Arkin.

The story was adapted from Henry van Dyke Jr.'s 1895 short story, *The Other Wise Man*.

## Cast

## InfoBox

| *The Fourth Wise Man* | |
| --- | --- |
| Screenplay by | Tom Fontana |
| Story by | Henry van Dyke Jr. |
| Directed by | Michael Ray Rhodes |
| Starring | Martin Sheen
Eileen Brennan
Alan Arkin |
| Theme music composer | Bruce Langhorne
Chris Stone |
| Country of origin | United States |
| Original language | English |
| Production | |
| Producers | Lewis Abel
Michael Ray Rhodes |
| Cinematography | Jon Kranhouse |
| Editor | Mark Goldberg |
| Running time | 72 minutes |
| Production company | Paulist Productions |
| Original release | |
| Network | ABC |
| Release | March 30, 1985 (1985-03-30) |


title: Weihrauch HW 35

abstract: The Weihrauch HW 35 is a break barrel, spring-powered, air rifle first produced in 1951 by Weihrauch & Weihrauch located in Mellrichstadt, Bavaria. Available in 4,5 mm and 5,5 mm calibers, with standard and carbine (K) length barrels, it has been in continuous production since its launch, even though the Weihrauch HW 80 superseded it in the late 1990s.

text:
# Weihrauch HW 35

The **Weihrauch HW 35** is a break barrel, spring-powered, air rifle first produced in 1951 by Weihrauch & Weihrauch located in Mellrichstadt, Bavaria. Available in 4,5 mm and 5,5 mm calibers, with standard and carbine (K) length barrels, it has been in continuous production since its launch, even though the Weihrauch HW 80 superseded it in the late 1990s.

## Specifications

* Overall Length Standard: 1140mm - Carbine (K): 1050mm
* Barrel Length Standard: 500mm - Carbine (K) : 410mm
* Weight (without scope) 3,8 to 4,0 kg
* Velocity 4,5 mm 230 m/s - 5,5 mm 175 m/s

## Operation

The HW (Hermann Weihrauch) 35 was the first air rifle with Weihrauchs Rekord 2-stage trigger and is a conventional piston and spring mechanism. The spring is compressed by breaking the barrel through 125° before loading a pellet directly into the breech. Pulling back the barrel engages the automatic safety catch which pops out to the left rear of the cylinder. The barrel is then returned into place and secured with a breech-lock. The first production models had leather piston and breech seals with a 4mm diameter transfer port but at the end of the 1970s, from serial number #843636, Weihrauch switched to synthetic seals and a 2.8mm dia port.

The rifle has "blued steel" finish on the metalwork, a beech or walnut sporting stock with finger grooves in the forend, checkering on the pistol grip and a rubber recoil pad. The 35 has an articulated cocking link, an automatic safety catch, on all but the oldest models and most were fitted with sling swivels. The HW 35, being a spring-gun suffered with recoil and was quite noisy for an air rifle, range is limited to about 35m, with 20-25m being the maximum realistic hunting range as the rifle is designed to produce only around 10.5 ft•lbf (14.5 Joules) of muzzle energy.

Breech lock

The HW 35 has a locking breech latch to ensure barrel alignment after cocking. The lock extends from the left side of the breech block where the shooters thumb slides it forward during cocking.

Sights

The front iron sight is a globe with interchangeable inserts and the rear is a ramp style tangent, with a choice of four different shaped notches. At the rear of the action there's an 11 mm dovetail rail (older versions had 13mm) to mount a telescopic sight with two or three vertical holes for Weihrauch's own diopter target sight.

## Models

The internal actions on all 35s are identical and the rifle was originally available in three "custom" versions with varying degrees of aesthetics and three different lengths of barrel. The HW 35 STD (Standard) has a beech stock while the HW 35L (DeLux), walnut with a raised cheek piece. The top of the range is the HW 35E (Export) with a selected walnut stock, palm swell, rosewood pistol grip cap with a white line spacer and a 60mm longer barrel, later this version had a sound moderator. Both the Standard and the Deluxe were available as a "K" for Karabiner (Carbine) style with a shorter barrel.

As of 2024 there are just two versions still production; the HW35 and the HW35E. Weihrauch also changed the stock design in the current production versions by replacing the finger grooves of the forearm with checkering.

Limited Edition Models

In 1977 Weihrauch produced the HW 35LS (Lochschaft or Thumb-hole stock) version, then in 1986 the HW 35 Safari, an HW 35 standard with a green-tinged stock. Perhaps the most sought after by collectors is one of a limited run of 1000 .22 (5.5 mm) *Jubilee 55 Edition* (HW 35KLS Karbine Laminate Stock) to celebrate 55 years of continuous production of the HW 35 in 2006. This model had a screw cut barrel with a sound moderator, a blue laminate stock, the action was engraved "Jubilee 55" in gold and came without open sights.

Weihrauch also produces the HW 35 STL (Stainless Steel Look) with a black synthetic stock and nickel-plated action from around 2004. Some enterprising gunsmiths and importers often switch the actions from STL's with other HW 35 variants and market HW 35 STL's with Walnut stocks and traditionally blued actions with black synthetic stocks.

The HW 35 Vixen

Between 1979 and 1981, Norman May of Bridlington produced a tuned version for the UK market. The rifle had a chromed mainspring, piston, guide tube, breech lock with 'VIXEN' engraved on the right of the barrel block and a gun bag with the Vixen badge. In 1979 an HW 35E Vixen cost £170 when a standard HW 35 cost £57 and the Vixen was not a commercial success.

## InfoBox

| Weihrauch HW 35 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Type | Air Rifle |
| Place of origin | Germany |
| Production history | |
| Manufacturer | Weihrauch |
| Specifications | |
| Cartridge | 4.5mm (.177) / 5.5mm (.22) pellets |
| Action | break barrel, spring powered |
| Muzzle velocity | 4,5 mm 230 m/s - 5,5 mm 175 m/s |
| Feed system | single air gun pellet |
| Sights | Adjustable iron sight |


title: Minimum Foundation Program

abstract: In Louisiana, the Minimum Foundation Program is the formula that determines the cost to educate students at public elementary and secondary schools and defines state and local funding contributions to each district. Education officials often use the term "MFP" to refer specifically to the portion the state pays per student to each school district. The Louisiana Board of Elementary and Secondary Education (BESE) is required by the Louisiana Constitution to adopt a formula to determine the total cost of a minimum foundation program of education in public schools and to equitably allocate funding to school systems. The Louisiana legislature must approve the formula each year. Local and state contributions to the MFP vary based on student needs and local tax bases. MFP funding has been frozen at the same rate for two years. In 2010, the Louisiana Legislature moved to restructure the MFP formula. Critics say the formula does not encourage districts to implement taxes to pay higher amounts than the state for the cost of education.

text:
# Minimum Foundation Program

In Louisiana, the **Minimum Foundation Program** is the formula that determines the cost to educate students at public elementary and secondary schools and defines state and local funding contributions to each district. Education officials often use the term "MFP" to refer specifically to the portion the state pays per student to each school district.

The Louisiana Board of Elementary and Secondary Education (BESE) is required by the Louisiana Constitution to adopt a formula to determine the total cost of a minimum foundation program of education in public schools and to equitably allocate funding to school systems. The Louisiana legislature must approve the formula each year. Local and state contributions to the MFP vary based on student needs and local tax bases.

MFP funding has been frozen at the same rate for two years. In 2010, the Louisiana Legislature moved to restructure the MFP formula. Critics say the formula does not encourage districts to implement taxes to pay higher amounts than the state for the cost of education.

## Local and state contributions

Local and state shares of the MFP vary from district to district. On average, the state pays 65 percent of the total cost of the minimum foundation, and the district pays 35 percent. In the 2010-2011 fiscal year, state and local government contributed $3.3 billion to the MFP formula. Required local funding is paid by property and sales taxes levied by local school districts. Districts with higher tax revenues must pay a higher portion of the MFP than districts with lower tax revenues. The formula divides districts into levels based on the dollar amount of taxes they levy.

### Per student spending

In 2010-2011, the base MFP formula was $3,855 per pupil, without accounting for special student needs. The MFP formula also takes into account the additional expenses school systems incur in educating special classes of students (e.g. at risk, special education and gifted and talented students.) In the end, school districts get an average of about $10,000 of state and local funding per student per year.

Local and state sources spent between $6,500 and $10,700 per student during the 2008-2009 fiscal year. In that year, Allen, Assumption, Claiborne, Madison, Plaquemines, Red River and West Feliciana parishes received the highest per pupil funding while Acadia, Avoyelles, Grant and Vermillion parishes received the lowest per pupil funding. Among the 10 districts with the highest MFP per pupil that year, the average local contribution was $3,900, and the average state contribution was $6,050. Among the 10 districts with the lowest MFP per pupil that year, the average local contribution was $1,850 and the average state contribution was $5,600. Total funding levels per student vary based on student population needs.

## Weighted formula

MFP funding in the 2010-2011 fiscal year totaled $3,308,741,821. That amount divided evenly among 696,444 public school students in Louisiana would work out to $4,750 per pupil. But some students cost more to educate than others. Rather than increasing the dollar amount, the MFP formula artificially increases the number of students it funds. This "weighted membership" accounts for special education, gifted and talented and at-risk students. For example, a school receives 2.5 times the amount of funding it would receive for a general population student to educate a special education student.

## State executive and legislative action

### MFP freeze

In the past, the Louisiana Department of Education factored in a 2.75 percent increase per year in MFP funding, but that increase has been frozen for two years. In February, 2011, *The Advocate* reported that Gov. Bobby Jindal plans to freeze the increase in MFP funding for the 2012 budget. John Sartin, president of the Louisiana Association of School Superintendents, said districts need the MFP growth factor because they have suffered downturns in local sales tax revenue and increases in retirement and health insurance costs.

### Move to restructure

In 2010, the Louisiana House of Representatives passed a resolution urging the Louisiana Board of Elementary and Secondary Education to make the school funding formula more efficient and effective. HCR 20, introduced by Rep. Steve Carter, requested that BESE make certain changes to the formula, including:

1. Increasing the percentage of MFP funds spent at the school level
2. Having funds "follow the child" when students are transferred to juvenile justice facilities
3. Adjusting funding (up or down) based on accurate student enrollment data
4. Targeting more MFP funds to dropout prevention

## District taxing controversy

Critics say the MFP formula discourages high levels of local, rather than state, funding. Louisiana House Speaker Jim Tucker said in an interview with Louisiana Public Broadcasting that the MFP formula keeps districts from levying higher taxes because districts with high local taxes receive lower state funding payments. Tulane University's Cowen Institute was founded in 2007 to examine the effects of local tax initiatives on the MFP. Tara O'Neill, Cowen Institute Policy Manager, said districts receive extra incentive funding from the state when they raise high amounts of funding at the local level. O'Neill said districts get this extra money whether they tax a low tax base at a high rate or tax a healthy tax base at a low rate.

## MFP Accountability Reports for low-performing schools

State laws require the Louisiana Department of Education to include each local school district that has a school with a School Performance Score (SPS) below 60 and growth of less than 2 points in an MFP Accountability Report that is submitted to the Louisiana House and Senate Committees on Education by June 1 each year.

The most recent report in 2009 contained data for 34 schools in 15 districts during the 2007-2008 school year. The average school performance score for schools in that report was 52.9, compared to 86.3 statewide. The average classroom instructional expenditure per student was $6,416 among these schools, compared to $5,924 statewide. About 91 percent of students in this report were in poverty, compared to 63.2 percent statewide. The schools in this report had higher teacher turnover than the statewide average and a slightly higher percentage of uncertified teachers than the state average.

## Notes and references


title: Minami-Shisui Station

abstract: Minami-Shisui Station is a passenger railway station in the town of Shisui, Chiba Prefecture, Japan, operated by the East Japan Railway Company.

text:
# Minami-Shisui Station

**Minami-Shisui Station** (南酒々井駅, *Minami-Shisui-eki*) is a passenger railway station in the town of Shisui, Chiba Prefecture, Japan, operated by the East Japan Railway Company (JR East).

## Lines

Minami-Shisui Station is served by the Sōbu Main Line, and is located 59.3 km from the western terminus of the line at Tokyo Station.

## Station layout

The station consists of a single island platform connected to the station building by a footbridge. The platforms are short and can only accommodate trains of eight carriages in length. The station is unattended.

### Platforms

| **1** | Sōbu Main Line | For Sakura, For Chiba, Tokyo |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **2** | Sōbu Main Line | Narutō, Yōkaichiba, Chōshi |

## History

Minami-Shisui Station was opened on September 10, 1914 as a station on the Japanese Government Railway (JGR) for both passenger and freight operations. After World War II, the JGR became the Japan National Railways (JNR). Scheduled freight operations were suspended from October 1, 1962. A new station building was completed in 1980. The station was absorbed into the JR East network upon the privatization of the Japan National Railways (JNR) on April 1, 1987. The station waiting room was renovated in 2008.

## Passenger statistics

In fiscal 2006, the station was used by an average of 208 passengers daily

## Surrounding area

* Iinuma Honke Corporation
* Shisui Premium Outlet Mall

Media related to Minami-Shisui Station at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Minami-Shisui Station
南酒々井駅 | |
| --- | --- |
| Minami-Shisui Station in May 2021 | |
| General information | |
| Location | Mabashi 569, Shisui-machi, Inba-gun, Chiba-ken 285-0914
Japan |
| Coordinates | 35°42′14″N 140°16′05″E / 35.7040°N 140.2681°E / 35.7040; 140.2681 |
| Operated by | JR East |
| Line(s) | Sōbu Main Line |
| Distance | 59.3 km from Tokyo |
| Platforms | 1 island platform |
| Other information | |
| Status | Unstaffed |
| Website | Official website |
| History | |
| Opened | September 10, 1914 |
| Passengers | |
|  | |
| FY 2006 | 208 daily |
|  | |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station  JR East Following station  SakuraJO33towards Chiba  Sōbu Main LineLocal  Enokidotowards Chōshi | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location  Minami-Shisui StationLocation within Chiba PrefectureMinami-Shisui StationMinami-Shisui Station (Japan) | |


title: Minami-Sunamachi Station

abstract: Minami-sunamachi Station Minami-sunamachi Station is a railway station in Kōtō, Tokyo, Japan. Its station number is T-15.

text:
# Minami-Sunamachi Station

**Minami-sunamachi Station** (南砂町駅, *Minami-sunamachi-eki*) is a railway station in Kōtō, Tokyo, Japan. Its station number is T-15.

## Lines

## Station layout

The station consists of one island platform serving two tracks.

### Platforms

| **1** | T Tōzai Line | for Nishi-Funabashi
JB Chuo-Sobu Line for Tsudanuma
TR Toyo Rapid Railway Line for Tōyō-Katsutadai |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **2** | T Tōzai Line | for Tōyōchō, Ōtemachi, and Nakano
JB Chuo-Sobu Line for Mitaka |

## History

Minami-sunamachi Station opened on 29 March 1969.

The station facilities were inherited by Tokyo Metro after the privatization of the Teito Rapid Transit Authority (TRTA) in 2004.

### Current plans

Work is underway to install an additional platform, resulting in track two undergoing a conversion to a Spanish solution platform layout. The installation of the new tracks serving the new platform is scheduled to take place over three phases, with the first phase scheduled to take place on 11–12 May 2024. At the end of construction, the station will consist of three tracks and two island platforms. The capacity upgrades come at the result of increased ridership in 2022 with the station having ranked 61st out of 130 stations on the Tokyo Metro.

35°40′08″N 139°49′50″E / 35.668824°N 139.83068°E / 35.668824; 139.83068

## InfoBox

| T15
Minami-sunamachi Station
南砂町駅 | |
| --- | --- |
| Exit 3 in March 2019 | |
| General information | |
| Location | 3-11-85, Minami-Suna, Kōtō-ku, Tokyo
Japan |
| Operated by | Tokyo Metro |
| Line(s) | T Tozai Line |
| Platforms | 1 island platform |
| Tracks | 2 |
| Construction | |
| Structure type | Underground |
| Other information | |
| Station code | T-15 |
| History | |
| Opened | 29 March 1969 (29 March 1969) |
|  | |
| Services | |
| Preceding station  Tokyo Metro Following station  TōyōchōT14towards Nakano  Tozai Line**Commuter Rapid****Local**  Nishi-kasaiT16towards Nishi-Funabashi | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Location  Minami-Sunamachi StationLocation within Special wards of TokyoMinami-Sunamachi StationMinami-Sunamachi Station (Tokyo Bay and Bōsō Peninsula)Minami-Sunamachi StationMinami-Sunamachi Station (Tokyo)Minami-Sunamachi StationMinami-Sunamachi Station (Japan) | |


title: West Coast Derby Knockouts

abstract: The West Coast Derby Knockouts (WCDK) is a women's flat track roller derby league based in Ventura, California. Founded in 2008, the league consists of two teams, which compete against teams from other leagues. West Coast is a member of the Women's Flat Track Derby Association (WFTDA).

text:
# West Coast Derby Knockouts

The **West Coast Derby Knockouts** (**WCDK**) is a women's flat track roller derby league based in Ventura, California. Founded in 2008, the league consists of two teams, which compete against teams from other leagues. West Coast is a member of the Women's Flat Track Derby Association (WFTDA).

## History

The league grew from only 12 skaters in 2009, and by 2013 it was raising money for a local children's charity, in addition to teaching local children to skate. The founders of the local Sugartown Rollergirls banked track league originally skated with West Coast.

The league was accepted as a member of the WFTDA Apprentice Program in January 2012, and became a full member of the WFTDA in June 2013.

The West Coast Junior Knockouts are the league's junior roller derby program. This is made up of three teams: the TKOs, The Uppercuts and the Contenders as well as the Sluggers development squad.

## WFTDA rankings

| Season | Final ranking | Playoffs | Championship |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2014 | 178 WFTDA | *DNQ* | *DNQ* |
| 2015 | 224 WFTDA | *DNQ* | *DNQ* |
| 2016 | 192 WFTDA | *DNQ* | *DNQ* |

## InfoBox

West Coast Derby Knockouts
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Metro area | Ventura, CA |
| Country | United States |
| Founded | 2008 |
| Teams | **TKO's** (A team)<br>Uppercuts (B team) |
| Track type(s) | Flat |
| Venue | Skating Plus |
| Affiliations | WFTDA |
| Website | westcoastderbyknockouts.com |


title: Minamoto no Yorimasa

abstract: Minamoto no Yorimasa was a Japanese poet, aristocrat and samurai lord. His poetry appeared in various anthologies. He served eight different emperors in his long career, holding posts such as hyōgo no kami. As a general, he led the Minamoto armies at the beginning of the Genpei War. Even in later generations, the common name Genzanmi (げんざんみ) was passed down. Also, like his father, he used the surname “Baba” and was also called “Baba no Yorimasa”

text:
# Minamoto no Yorimasa

**Minamoto no Yorimasa (源 頼政, 1106 – 20 June 1180)** was a Japanese poet, aristocrat and samurai lord. His poetry appeared in various anthologies. He served eight different emperors in his long career, holding posts such as *hyōgo no kami* (head of the arsenal). As a general, he led the Minamoto armies at the beginning of the Genpei War. Even in later generations, the common name Genzanmi (げんざんみ) was passed down (Yorimasa was not the only person who was called “Genzanmi”, in the same period). Also, like his father, he used the surname “Baba” and was also called “Baba no Yorimasa”

## Biography

In the clashes between the Minamoto and Taira clans that had gone on for decades, Yorimasa had tried to stay out of politics, and avoided taking sides. He did participate in the Hōgen rebellion in 1156. For a time, he was even friends with Taira no Kiyomori. During the Heiji rebellion of 1160, he leaned just enough in favor of the Taira that it allowed them to overthrow the Minamoto. However, by the time he officially retired from military service in Kiyomori's army in 1179, Yorimasa had changed his mind about opposing his own clan. He entered the Buddhist priesthood and in May 1180, he sent out an appeal to other Minamoto leaders, and to temples and monasteries that Kiyomori had offended.

In the following Genpei War, which began with the Battle of Uji in 1180, Yorimasa led Minamoto forces, along with warrior monks from Miidera, in defending the Byōdō-in temple. Despite the monks' having torn up the planks of the bridge leading to the temple, the Taira managed to break through their defenses, and take the temple. After suffering this defeat at Uji, he committed ritual suicide at Byōdō-in. Minamoto no Yorimasa's suicide by seppuku may be the earliest recorded instance of a samurai's suicide in the face of defeat, although Minamoto no Tametomo, who died in 1170, ten years before Yorimasa, may hold this distinction.

According to legend, after his death a retainer took Yorimasa's head to prevent it from falling into the hands of the Taira. He then fastened it to a rock and threw it into the Uji River so it could not be found.

## Family

Yorimasa had several children including a daughter, poet Nijōin no Sanuki, and a son, samurai lord Minamoto no Nakatsuna.

## Poetry

In a famous episode in the Taiheiki:

> *Samidare ni sawabe no makomo mizu koete/izure ayame to hikizo wazurau*
> The fifth-month rains swamp the water-oats along the shore,
> making it hard to tell irises from one another and pull
> just one

"So, Yorimasa not only added to his reputation as an archer by shooting down a nue; he also proved himself a distinguished poet by winning with a single poem Lady Ayame, whom he had adored for years and months."

Yorimasa's death poem was:

> 埋もれ木の/花咲くことも/なかりしに/身のなる果てぞ/悲しかりける
> *umoregi no/hana saku koto mo/nakarishi ni/mi no naru hate zo/kanashikarikeru*
> Like a fossil tree
> From which we gather no flowers
> Sad has been my life
> Fated no fruit to produce

## The slaying of the Nue

The *Heike Monogatari* and the *Settsu Meisho Zue* from the Settsu Province, tell the following tale of the killing of the Nue:

In the closing years of the Heian period, at the place where the emperor (Emperor Konoe) lived, the Seiryō-den, there appeared a cloud of black smoke along with an eerie resounding crying voice, making Emperor Nijō quite afraid. Subsequently, the emperor fell into illness, and neither medicine nor prayers had any effect.

A close associate remembered Minamoto no Yoshiie using an arrow to put a stop to the mystery case of some bird's cry, and he gave the order to a master of arrows, Minamoto no Yorimasa, to slay the monster.

One night, Yorimasa went out to slay the monster with his servant Ino Hayata (written as 猪早太 or 井早太), and an arrow made from an arrowhead he had inherited from his ancestor Minamoto no Yorimitsu and the tailfeathers of a mountain bird. An uncanny black smoke started to cover the Seiryō-den. Yorimasa shot his arrow into it, there was a shriek, and a nue fell down around the northern parts of Nijō Castle. Instantly Ino Hayata seized it and finished it off.

In the skies above the imperial court, two or three cries of the common cuckoo could be heard, and it is thus said that peace had returned. After this, the emperor's health instantly recovered, and Yorimasa was given the sword *Shishiō* as a reward.

## InfoBox

| Minamoto no Yorimasa | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Native name | 源 頼政 |
| Born | 1106 (1106) |
| Died | 20 June 1180(1180-06-20) (aged 73–74) |


title: Werner de Spoelberch

abstract: Werner Viscount de Spoelberch was a Belgian alpine skier. He competed in the men's combined event at the 1936 Winter Olympics.

text:
# Werner de Spoelberch

**Werner Viscount de Spoelberch** (24 January 1902  10 September 1987) was a Belgian alpine skier. He competed in the men's combined event at the 1936 Winter Olympics.

## InfoBox

Werner de Spoelberch
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Nationality | Belgian |
| Born | (1902-01-24)24 January 1902
Brussels, Belgium |
| Died | 10 September 1987(1987-09-10) (aged 85)
Haacht, Belgium |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Alpine skiing |


title: Minuscule 809

abstract: Minuscule 809, Aⁱ⁴⁹, is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament written on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 11th century. The manuscript has complex contents.

text:
# Minuscule 809

**Minuscule 809** (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), A149 (von Soden), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament written on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 11th century. The manuscript has complex contents.

## Description

The codex contains the text of the four Gospels, on 284 parchment leaves (size 24.5 cm by 20 cm).

The text is written in one column per page, 18-20 lines per page. The biblical text is surrounded by a catena.

The text is divided according to the κεφαλαια (*chapters*), whose numbers are given at the margin, with their τιτλοι (*titles of chapters*) at the top of the pages. There is also division according to the Ammonian Sections (in Mark 233, the last section in 16:8), with references to the Eusebian Canons.

It contains Epistula ad Carpianum, Eusebian Canon tables, Prolegomena, list of the κεφαλαια (*tables of contents*) before each of the Gospels, and αναγνωσεις.

## Text

The Greek text of the codex is a representative of the Byzantine text-type. Aland placed it in Category V.

It was not examined according to the Claremont Profile Method.

## History

According to Gregory the manuscript was written in the 11th century. The manuscript is currently dated by the INTF to the 11th century.

It was added to the list of New Testament manuscripts by Gregory (809e). Gregory saw the manuscript in 1886.

The manuscript is now housed at the library of the National Library of Greece (2364) in Athens.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

Minuscule **809**
| **New Testament manuscript** | |
| --- | --- |
| Text | Gospels |
| Date | 11th century |
| Script | Greek |
| Now at | Hellenic Parliament |
| Size | 24.5 cm by 20 cm |
| Type | Byzantine text-type |
| Category | V |
| Note |  |


title: Minuscule 814

abstract: Minuscule 814, is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament written on paper. Palaeographically it had been assigned to the 13th century.

text:
# Minuscule 814

**Minuscule 814** (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament written on paper. Palaeographically it had been assigned to the 13th century.

## Description

The codex contains the text of the four Gospels, on paper leaves (size 31.3 cm by 23 cm). Number of the leaves is unknown. It had some lacunae (John 20:10-21:25).

The text is written in one column per page, 43 lines per page.

The text is divided according to the κεφαλαια (*chapters*), whose numbers are given at the margin, with their τιτλοι (*titles of chapters*) at the top of the pages. It contained a commentary (in Mark of Victorinus of Pettau, in Luke of Titus of Bostra).

The textual character of the codex is unknown because no one examined its readings.

## History

The manuscript was dated by Gregory to the 13th century.

The manuscript was found in Corfu by C. R. Gregory in 1886. It belonged to Archbishop Eustathius.

It was added to the list of New Testament manuscripts by Gregory (814e).

The manuscript was lost. Actual owner of the manuscript and place of its housing is unknown.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

Minuscule **814**
| **New Testament manuscript** | |
| --- | --- |
| Text | Gospels |
| Date | 13th century |
| Script | Greek |
| Now at | ? |
| Size | 31.3 cm by 23 cm |
| Type | ? |
| Category | none |
| Note |  |


title: Minuscule 819

abstract: Minuscule 819, Θε420, is a 14th-century Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament written on paper, with a commentary.

text:
# Minuscule 819

**Minuscule 819** (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), Θε420 (von Soden), is a 14th-century Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament written on paper, with a commentary.

## Description

The codex contains the text of the Gospel of Matthew and Gospel of John, on 361 paper leaves (size 23.7 cm by 20.5 cm), with a commentary. The leaves were arranged in quarto (four leaves in quire). The first leaf was supplied by later hand.

The text is written in one column per page, 24 lines per page.

It contains a commentary of Theophylact.

## Text

The Greek text of the codex is a representative of the Byzantine text-type. Aland placed it in Category V.

## History

Gregory dated the manuscript to the 14th century. It is presently assigned to the 14th century on palaeographic grounds by the Institute for New Testament Textual Research.

The manuscript belonged to Pedro Hurtado de Mendoza (1578–1651), along with Minuscule 227. It was briefly described by Emmanuel Miller in 1848.

It was added to the list of New Testament manuscripts by Gregory (819e).

The manuscript is now housed in El Escorial (Ψ. III, 14).

## Further reading

## InfoBox

Minuscule **819**
| **New Testament manuscript** | |
| --- | --- |
| Text | Gospel of Matthew, Gospel of John |
| Date | 14th century |
| Script | Greek |
| Now at | El Escorial |
| Size | 23.7 cm by 20.5 cm |
| Type | Byzantine text-type |
| Category | V |
| Note |  |