# List of constituencies of the National Parliament of Solomon Islands

There are 50 constituencies in Solomon Islands, each electing one Member of Parliament (MP) to the National Parliament. Elections are held every four years; the most recent took place on 17th April 2024.

## Constituencies and MPs as of 2006

The following is the list of constituencies such as it was at the time of the 2006 general election, and the MP elected in each constituency.

| Constituency | Electorate | Province | MP (party) | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Aoke-Langalanga | 7,365 | Malaita | Matthew Cooper Wale (SIDP) | Elected in by-election, 27 March 2008 |
| Baegu-Asifola | 7,016 | Malaita | Toswell Kaua (PRA) | Minister for Justice and Legal Affairs |
| Central Guadalcanal | 5,089 | Guadalcanal | Peter Shanel Agovaka (Independent) |  |
| Central Honiara | 19,539 | Honiara City Council | Nelson Ne'e (Independent) |  |
| Central Kwara'ae | 8,977 | Malaita | Fred Fono (PAP) | Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Rural Development and Indigenous Affairs |
| Central Makira | 4,722 | Makira | Bernard Ghiro (AIMP) |  |
| East ꞌAreꞌare | 5,235 | Malaita | vacant, formerly held by the late Edward Huni'ehu (AIMP) | Minister for Energy, Mines and Rural Electrification |
| East Central Guadalcanal | 5,896 | Guadalcanal | Nollen Cornelius Leni (NP) | Minister for Fisheries and Marine Resources |
| East Choiseul | 4,028 | Choiseul | Manasseh Sogavare (SCP) | Leader of the Opposition |
| East Guadalcanal | 6,230 | Guadalcanal | Johnson Koli (PAP) | Minister of Health and Medical Services |
| East Honiara | 30,049 | Honiara City Council | Silas Milikada (?) | Elected in by-election, 23 September 2008 |
| East Kwaio | 8,856 | Malaita | Stanley Festus Sofu (SIDP) | Minister for Infrastructure and Development |
| East Makira | 6,805 | Makira | David Sitai (PAP) |  |
| East Malaita | 6,379 | Malaita | Manasseh Maelanga (Non-partisan/ Coalition for National Unity Reconciliation and Rural Advancement) |  |
| Fataleka | 6,586 | Malaita | Steve William Abana (SIDP) | Minister for Development Planning and Aid Coordination |
| Gao-Bugotu |  | Isabel |  |  |
| Gizo-Kolombangara |  | Western | Gordon Darcy Lilo (PRA) |  |
| Hograno-Kia-Havulei |  | Isabel |  |  |
| Lau Mbaelelea |  | Malaita |  |  |
| Malaita Outer Islands |  | Malaita | Patrick Vahoe |  |
| Maringe-Kokota |  | Isabel |  |  |
| Marovo |  | Western | Snyder Rini (AIMP) |  |
| Nggella |  | Central Province | Mark Kemakeza |  |
| North East Guadalcanal |  | Guadalcanal |  |  |
| North Guadalcanal |  | Guadalcanal |  |  |
| North Malaita |  | Malaita |  |  |
| North New Georgia |  | Western | Job Dudley Tausinga |  |
| North Vella La Vella |  | Western | Milner Tozaka |  |
| North West Choiseul |  | Choiseul | Clement Kengava |  |
| North West Guadalcanal |  | Guadalcanal |  |  |
| Rannogga-Simbo |  | Western | Francis Billy Hilly (NP) |  |
| Rennell Bellona |  | Rennell Bellona | Seth Gukuna (?) |  |
| Savo-Russells |  | Central Province | vacant (formerly held by Allan Kemakeza) |  |
| Shortlands |  | Western | Augustine Taneko |  |
| South Choiseul |  | Choiseul | Leslie Boseto |  |
| South Guadalcanal |  | Guadalcanal |  |  |
| Small Malaita |  | Malaita | William Haomae |  |
| South New Georgia-Rendova-Tetepare |  | Western | Francis Zama |  |
| South Vella La Vella |  | Western | Trevor Olavae |  |
| Temotu Nende |  | Temotu | Patteson Oti (OUR party) |  |
| Temotu Pele |  | Temotu | Martin Magga |  |
| Temotu Vatud |  | Temotu | Clay Forau Soalaoi |  |
| Ugi-Ulawa |  | Makira | James Tora |  |
| West ꞌAreꞌare |  | Malaita |  |  |
| West Guadalcanal |  | Guadalcanal | Laurie Chan |  |
| West Honiara |  | Honiara City Council | Isaac Inoke |  |
| West Kwaio |  | Malaita | Peter Tom |  |
| West Kwara'ae |  | Malaita | Sam Iduri |  |
| West Makira |  | Makira | Japhet Waipora (OUR party) |  |
| West New Georgia - Vona Vona |  | Western Province | Peter Boyers |  |
|


title: Styphelia concinna

abstract: Styphelia concinna is a species of flowering plant in the heath family Ericaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a low-lying shrub with many branches. Its leaves are egg-shaped or oblong, 2–4 mm (0.079–0.157 in) long with a small point on the end and the ends rolled under. The flowers are arranged singly or in pairs in leaf axils on a short peduncle. The sepals, petal tube and petal lobes are about 2 mm (0.079 in) long. The species was first formally described in 1868 by George Bentham who gave it the name Leucopogon concinnus in Flora Australiensis. In 1882, Ferdinand von Mueller transferred the species to Styphelia as S. concinna in his Systematic Census of Australian Plants. The specific epithet (concinna) means "neat" or "pretty". Styphelia concinna occurs in the Avon Wheatbelt, Esperance Plains, Jarrah Forest and Mallee bioregions of south-western Western Australia and is listed as "not threatened" by the Government of Western Australia Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.

text:
# Styphelia concinna

***Styphelia concinna*** is a species of flowering plant in the heath family Ericaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a low-lying shrub with many branches. Its leaves are egg-shaped or oblong, 2–4 mm (0.079–0.157 in) long with a small point on the end and the ends rolled under. The flowers are arranged singly or in pairs in leaf axils on a short peduncle. The sepals, petal tube and petal lobes are about 2 mm (0.079 in) long.

The species was first formally described in 1868 by George Bentham who gave it the name *Leucopogon concinnus* in *Flora Australiensis*. In 1882, Ferdinand von Mueller transferred the species to *Styphelia* as *S. concinna* in his *Systematic Census of Australian Plants*. The specific epithet (*concinna*) means "neat" or "pretty".

*Styphelia concinna* occurs in the Avon Wheatbelt, Esperance Plains, Jarrah Forest and Mallee bioregions of south-western Western Australia and is listed as "not threatened" by the Government of Western Australia Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.

## InfoBox

| *Styphelia concinna* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Ericales |
| Family: | Ericaceae |
| Genus: | *Styphelia* |
| Species: | ***S. concinna*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Styphelia concinna***<br>(Benth.) F.Muell. | |
|
|  | |
| Occurrence data from AVH | |
| Synonyms | |
| *Leucopogon concinnus* Benth. | |


title: William Haines (Australian politician)

abstract: William Clark Haines, Australian colonial politician, was the first Premier of Victoria. Haines was born in London, the son of John Haines, a physician. He was educated at Charterhouse School and Caius College, Cambridge, where he graduated in medicine; he later practiced surgery for several years. In 1835 he married Mary Dugard, with whom he had nine children. Haines migrated to the Port Phillip District in 1841 and settled in the Geelong area. He farmed in the area as well as practising as a surgeon. He was appointed a member of the Victorian Legislative Council in 1851, and in 1853 he was elected for district of Grant. He served as colonial secretary 1854–55. Politically, he represented the small farmers against the squatters who owned most of Victoria's land. When Victoria gained full responsible government in 1855, Haines was leader of the Government. He was commissioned as Victoria's first premier and chief secretary on 28 November 1855 and served until 11 March 1857. Haines was elected to the Legislative Assembly for South Grant in November 1856. Haines was again premier from April 1857 to March 1858. Haines then visited Europe for three years. In 1860 he moved to the seat of Portland which he represented until 1864. Haines served as treasurer from 14 November 1861 to 27 June 1863, in the third O'Shanassy government. He served again in the legislative council, representing Eastern Province, from August 1865 until his death in February 1866. The historian Raymond Wright describes Haines as a bluff, plain "honest farmer" type, who was "much enjoyed for his appalling public speaking." His main concern as premier was to democratise the Constitution which had been drawn up for Victoria by colonial officials before self-government, mainly to protect the interests of the squatter class. A bill was introduced to enlarge the Assembly, redraw electoral boundaries and abolish the property qualification for both votes and candidates. But the unstable situation in the Assembly brought his ministry to an early end.

text:
# William Haines (Australian politician)

**William Clark Haines** (10 January 1810 – 3 February 1866), Australian colonial politician, was the first Premier of Victoria.

Haines was born in London, the son of John Haines, a physician. He was educated at Charterhouse School and Caius College, Cambridge, where he graduated in medicine; he later practiced surgery for several years. In 1835 he married Mary Dugard, with whom he had nine children.

Haines migrated to the Port Phillip District (later Victoria) in 1841 and settled in the Geelong area. He farmed in the area as well as practising as a surgeon. He was appointed a member of the Victorian Legislative Council (then a partly elected, partly appointive body) in 1851, and in 1853 he was elected for district of Grant. He served as colonial secretary 1854–55. Politically, he represented the small farmers against the squatters who owned most of Victoria's land.

When Victoria gained full responsible government in 1855, Haines was leader of the Government. He was commissioned as Victoria's first premier and chief secretary on 28 November 1855 and served until 11 March 1857. Haines was elected to the Legislative Assembly for South Grant in November 1856. Haines was again premier from April 1857 to March 1858. Haines then visited Europe for three years. In 1860 he moved to the seat of Portland which he represented until 1864. Haines served as treasurer from 14 November 1861 to 27 June 1863, in the third O'Shanassy government. He served again in the legislative council, representing Eastern Province, from August 1865 until his death in February 1866.

The historian Raymond Wright describes Haines as a bluff, plain "honest farmer" type, who was "much enjoyed for his appalling public speaking." His main concern as premier was to democratise the Constitution which had been drawn up for Victoria by colonial officials before self-government, mainly to protect the interests of the squatter class. A bill was introduced to enlarge the Assembly, redraw electoral boundaries and abolish the property qualification for both votes and candidates. But the unstable situation in the Assembly brought his ministry to an early end.

## Further sources

* Geoff Browne, *A Biographical Register of the Victorian Parliament, 1900-84*, Government Printer, Melbourne, 1985
* Don Garden, *Victoria: A History*, Thomas Nelson, Melbourne, 1984
* Kathleen Thompson and Geoffrey Serle, *A Biographical Register of the Victorian Parliament, 1856-1900*, Australian National University Press, Canberra, 1972
* Raymond Wright, *A People's Counsel. A History of the Parliament of Victoria, 1856-1990*, Oxford University Press, Melbourne, 1992

## InfoBox

| William Clark Haines | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| 1st Premier of Victoria | |
| **In office**
28 November 1855  11 March 1857 | |
| Constituency | Nominee/
South Grant |
| Preceded by | - |
| Succeeded by | John O'Shanassy |
| **In office**
29 April 1857  10 March 1858 | |
| Preceded by | John O'Shanassy |
| Succeeded by | John O'Shanassy |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 10 January 1810
Hampstead, London, UK |
| Died | 3 February 1866(1866-02-03) (aged 56)
South Yarra, Melbourne, Victoria |
| Nationality | Australian |
| Spouse | Mary Dugard |
|  | |


title: 1974 Alabama gubernatorial election

abstract: The 1974 Alabama gubernatorial election took place on November 5, 1974. Incumbent Democratic governor George Wallace was reelected in a landslide over his Republican opponent, businessman Elvin McCary. Wallace was the first Alabama governor to win election to a second consecutive term, as the state's Constitution was amended in 1968 to allow governors to serve a maximum two elected consecutive terms. This was also Wallace's first campaign after having been paralyzed following being shot by Arthur Bremer in an assassination attempt during Wallace's run for the 1972 Democratic presidential nomination. As of 2022, this is the last time any gubernatorial candidate in Alabama won every county in the state.

text:
# 1974 Alabama gubernatorial election

The **1974 Alabama gubernatorial election** took place on November 5, 1974. Incumbent Democratic governor George Wallace was reelected in a landslide over his Republican opponent, businessman Elvin McCary. Wallace was the first Alabama governor to win election to a second consecutive term, as the state's Constitution was amended in 1968 to allow governors to serve a maximum two elected consecutive terms. This was also Wallace's first campaign after having been paralyzed following being shot by Arthur Bremer in an assassination attempt during Wallace's run for the 1972 Democratic presidential nomination.

As of 2022, this is the last time any gubernatorial candidate in Alabama won every county in the state.

## Democratic primary

Primary elections were held on May 7, 1974.

### Candidates

### Results

Democratic primary results
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **George Wallace (incumbent)** | **536,235** | **64.79** |
|  | Democratic | Gene McLain | 249,035 | 30.09 |
|  | Democratic | Jim Folsom | 24,821 | 3.00 |
|  | Democratic | Shorty Price | 9,834 | 1.19 |
|  | Democratic | Thomas Robinson | 7,726 | 0.93 |
| Total votes | | | **827,651** |  |

## Republican primary

* Elvin McCary, businessman

## Results

1974 Alabama gubernatorial election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Democratic** | **George Wallace (incumbent)** | **497,574** | **83.16** |
|  | Republican | Elvin McCary | 88,381 | 14.77 |
|  | Prohibition | Jim Partain | 12,350 | 2.06 |
| Total votes | | | **598,305** | **100** |
|  | Democratic **hold** | | | |

## Bibliography

* *Gubernatorial Elections, 1787-1997*. Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly Inc. 1998. ISBN 1-56802-396-0.
* Scammon, Richard M., ed. (1975). *America Votes 11: a handbook of contemporary American election statistics, 1974*. Washington, D.C.: Elections Research Center.

## InfoBox

1974 Alabama gubernatorial election
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Nominee **George Wallace** Elvin McCary   Party Democratic Republican  Popular vote **497,574** 88,381  Percentage **83.16%** 14.77% | |
| ---  County results
**Wallace:**      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%      \>90% | |
| ---  **Governor before election**
George Wallace
Democratic **Elected Governor**
George Wallace
Democratic | |


title: Throne of Atlantis

abstract: "Throne of Atlantis" is a 2012–2013 comic book storyline created and published by DC Comics. The story arc consists of six issues from DC's Justice League and Aquaman publications, functioning in part as a larger buildup towards the "Trinity War" event. The plot was written by Geoff Johns, with art by Ivan Reis and Paul Pelletier. In the story, believing Atlantis to be under attack, King Orm declares war on the surface world. Aquaman's allegiances are torn between his brother and the Justice League, while the latter group finds itself overwhelmed as the East Coast of the United States is swallowed by the ocean and the Atlantean royal troops march against humankind. The storyline was loosely adapted into a 2015 animated film, Justice League: Throne of Atlantis.

text:
# Throne of Atlantis

"**Throne of Atlantis**" is a 20122013 comic book storyline created and published by DC Comics. The story arc consists of six issues from DC's *Justice League* and *Aquaman* publications, functioning in part as a larger buildup towards the "Trinity War" event. The plot was written by Geoff Johns, with art by Ivan Reis and Paul Pelletier.

In the story, believing Atlantis to be under attack, King Orm declares war on the surface world. Aquaman's allegiances are torn between his brother and the Justice League, while the latter group finds itself overwhelmed as the East Coast of the United States is swallowed by the ocean and the Atlantean royal troops march against humankind.

The storyline was loosely adapted into a 2015 animated film, *Justice League: Throne of Atlantis*.

## Summary

A Navy warship incites the wrath of the Atlanteans after its missiles malfunction during a test and end up attacking Atlantis. Ocean Master, the new king of Atlantis, declares war on the surface world. While they are in a café in Metropolis, Superman and Wonder Woman are forced to suit up and stop an aircraft carrier from flooding into the city and killing thousands of people. In the battle that follows the Justice League is captured, save Cyborg. He realizes they need help and calls in help from Green Arrow, Hawkman, Zatanna, Firestorm and more. The heroes stop Ocean Master and figure out that Aquaman's assistant Nuidis Vulko was behind the bombing so Arthur would take the throne once again.

## Reading order

* *Aquaman* (vol. 7) #0
* *Aquaman* (vol. 7) #14
* *Justice League* (vol. 2) #15
* *Aquaman* (vol. 7) #15
* *Justice League* (vol. 2) #16
* *Aquaman* (vol. 7) #16
* *Justice League* (vol. 2) #17
* *Aquaman* (vol. 7) #17

## In other media

## Reception

Comic Book Resources's Doug Zawisza rated *Justice League* #15 4.5/5 stars: "This is what *Justice League* should and can be: heroic adventures, world-threatening calamities and human interaction. Johns has found his stride on this book and it certainly helps that the art team of Reis, Prado and Reis have come along for the adventure".

## InfoBox

| "Throne of Atlantis" | |
| --- | --- |
| Cover for *Aquaman* #14, start of the "Throne of Atlantis" crossover. Art by Ivan Reis. | |
| Publisher | DC Comics |
| Publication date | November 2012  February 2013 |
| Genre | Superhero fiction<br>Animation |
|  | |
|  | |
| **Title(s)**  * *Justice League* (vol. 3) #15–17 * *Aquaman* (vol. 7) #0 14–17 | |
| Creative team | |
| Writer(s) | Geoff Johns |
| Penciller(s) | Ivan Reis, Paul Pelletier |


title: Out of My Mind (Bingo Players song)

abstract: "Out of My Mind" is a song by Dutch dance duo Bingo Players. It was written and produced by Maarten Hoogstraten, Paul Bäumer and H&K. It was released in the Netherlands as a digital download on 12 November 2012. The song has charted in Belgium.

text:
# Out of My Mind (Bingo Players song)

"**Out of My Mind**" is a song by Dutch dance duo Bingo Players. It was written and produced by Maarten Hoogstraten, Paul Bäumer and H&K. It was released in the Netherlands as a digital download on 12 November 2012. The song has charted in Belgium.

## Track listing

Digital download
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Out of My Mind" (Original Mix) | 5:03 |

Dada Life Remix - Digital download
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Out of My Mind" (Dada Life Remix) | 6:04 |

## Chart performance

| Chart (2013) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Belgium (Ultratip Bubbling Under Flanders) | 62 |
|

## Release history

| Region | Date | Format | Label |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Netherlands | 12 November 2012 | Digital Download | Hysteria, Spinnin Records |
|

## InfoBox

| "Out of My Mind" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Bingo Players | |
| Released | 12 November 2012 |
| Recorded | 2012 |
| Genre | Dance |
| Length | 5:03 |
| Label | Hysteria, Spinnin Records |
| Songwriter(s) | Maarten Hoogstraten, Paul Bäumer |
| Producer(s) | Maarten Hoogstraten, Paul Bäumer, Calvin Harris |
| Bingo Players singles chronology | |
| "L'Amour"
(2012) "**Out of My Mind**"
(2012) "Get Up (Rattle)"
(2012) | |


title: Nizamlar, Devrek

abstract: Nizamlar is a village in Devrek District, Zonguldak Province, Turkey. Its population is 288 (2022).

text:
# Nizamlar, Devrek

**Nizamlar** is a village in Devrek District, Zonguldak Province, Turkey. Its population is 288 (2022).

## InfoBox

| Nizamlar | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| NizamlarLocation in Turkey | |
| Coordinates: 41°14′N 31°56′E / 41.233°N 31.933°E / 41.233; 31.933 | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Zonguldak |
| District | Devrek |
| Population (2022) | 288 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |


title: Opostega nubifera

abstract: Opostega nubifera is a moth of the family Opostegidae. It was described by Turner in 1900. It is known from Queensland, Australia.

text:
# Opostega nubifera

***Opostega nubifera*** is a moth of the family Opostegidae. It was described by Turner in 1900. It is known from Queensland, Australia.

## InfoBox

| *Opostega nubifera* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Opostegidae |
| Genus: | *Opostega* |
| Species: | ***O. nubifera*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Opostega nubifera***<br>Turner, 1900 | |
|


abstract: The University College of Engineering, Osmania University (UCE) is an autonomous engineering college located in Hyderabad, India. The college offers undergraduate B.E. and postgraduate M.E. courses.

text:
# University College of Engineering, Osmania University

The **University College of Engineering, Osmania University** (**UCE**) is an autonomous engineering college located in Hyderabad, India. The college offers undergraduate B.E. and postgraduate M.E. courses.

## History

Established in 1929 the University College of Engineering is the oldest and the biggest in Telangana. Established in 1929, eleven years after the formation of Osmania University, it was the sixth engineering college to be established in the whole of British India.

The college moved to its present permanent building in 1947. Today it is the biggest among the campus colleges of Osmania University.

The college was conferred autonomous status in 1994.

## Departments

The college has the following departments:

* Artificial intelligence and Machine Learning
* Biomedical Engineering
* Civil Engineering
* Computer Science and Engineering
* Electrical Engineering
* Electronics and Communication Engineering
* Mechanical Engineering
* Mining Engineering
* Chemistry
* Physics
* English
* Mathematics

## Ranking

| University and College rankings | |
| --- | --- |
| Engineering – India | |
| NIRF (2023) | 100-150 band |
| Government colleges: |  |
| *Outlook India* (2021) | 24 |

Among government engineering colleges in India, UCE was ranked 24 by *Outlook India* in 2021. It is ranked in the band 100-150 among engineering colleges by the National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) in 2023.

## InfoBox

College of Engineering, Osmania University,
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Type | Education and Research Institution |
| Established | 1929 |
| Affiliation | Osmania University |
| Location | Hyderabad, Telangana, India |
| Campus | Urban |
| Website | uceou |


title: List of films banned in Canada

text:
# List of films banned in Canada

This is a non-exhaustive list of films that have been or are banned in Canada.

## List

| Release Date | Film | Notes |
| --- | --- | --- |
|
| 1910 | *Romeo and Juliet* | Banned in Ontario. |
| 1916 | *Damaged Goods* | Banned in Ontario. |
| 1931 | *Little Caesar* | Banned in Alberta, British Columbia, and Nova Scotia. |
| 1937 | *The Life of Emile Zola* | Banned in Quebec. Available in Quebec since 1997 with a "G" rating. |
| 1939 | *Thugs with Dirty Mugs* | Banned in Winnipeg, Manitoba, because censors "felt the film was just an excuse to show criminal activity." Available in Winnipeg on DVD as part of the *Looney Tunes Golden Collection: Volume 3*. |
| 1946 | *Scarlet Street* | Banned in New Brunswick. |
| 1946 | *Wicked Lady* | Banned in New Brunswick. |
| 1947 | *Forever Amber* | Banned in Quebec. Available in Quebec since 1994 with a "G" rating. |
| 1953 | *The Wild One* | Alberta, British Columbia, and Quebec banned the film. Available in Quebec from 1968 to 2013 with a "14+" rating and since 2013 with a "G" rating. |
| 1956 | *Baby Doll* | Originally banned in Alberta in 1957. |
| 1960 | *Elmer Gantry* | United Artists withdrew the film from release in the Ontario province on August 4, 1960, after star Burt Lancaster objected to Ontario censor O.J. Silverthorne's removal of a racy line of dialogue. The ban on the film lasted only a week; the cut version began showing at the Carlton theater in Toronto with a Restricted rating on August 18, though it only was a modest box office success in the city. The uncut version is available on DVD with a G rating under the Canadian Home Video Rating System. |
| 1963 | *Tom Jones* | Alberta banned the film. After two years, the decision was reversed and it was allowed to be shown. |
| 1967 | *Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?* | Nova Scotia censors banned the film, describing it as "obscene and blasphemous". After an appeal from the distributor and media coverage, the decision was later reversed and the film was released with a "Restricted" rating |
| 1967 | *Warrendale* | Manitoba banned the film due to the language. However, due to public outcry, the decision was reversed. |
| 1970 | *On est au coton* | The National Film Board of Canada blocks the release of Denys Arcand's controversial documentary. An edited version is released in 1976, but the original unedited version was not released until 2004. |
| 1970 | *Women in Love* | The Alberta censors banned the film due to nudity. |
| 1971 | *A Clockwork Orange* | Alberta and Nova Scotia banned the film. Alberta reversed the ban in 1999. The Maritime Film Classification Board has also reversed the ban. Both jurisdictions now grant an R rating to the film. |
| 1972 | *Pink Flamingos* | Edited in several provinces, with Nova Scotia banning it outright until 1997. |
| 1973 | *Heavy Traffic* | Banned in Alberta. |
| 1974 | *The Texas Chain Saw Massacre* | Banned in Alberta in 1975. |
| 1976 | *Blood Sucking Freaks* | Banned in Ontario when classified for a videocassette release. |
| 1976 | *In the Realm of the Senses* | Banned in Ontario because the censors deemed it contained "degradation, explicit and prolonged scenes of sexual activity, undue emphasis on human genitals, and its representation of a person under 16 in sexual context". |
| 1978 | *Pretty Baby* | Banned in Ontario and Saskatchewan on the basis of scenes in which star Brooke Shields, then aged thirteen, was photographed in the nude. The ban was repealed in 1995. |
| 1978–1996 | *Faces of Death* | Series of mondo films banned in Ontario, Quebec and British Columbia. |
| 1979 | *Beneath the Valley of the Ultra-Vixens* | Banned in Nova Scotia. |
| 1980 | *Caligula* | Banned by all provinces except British Columbia, which received a Restricted rating with a warning. Edited versions were later passed. The 156-minute "unrated" version was passed in British Columbia by the BC Film Classification Office. The uncut version was banned again in Ontario in 2000 for a theatrical reissue due to "sexual violence" "bestality" and "incest". It has subsequently been reevaluated and approved with an R rating in the Maritimes and in Ontario. |
| 1980 | *The Tin Drum* | Edited, and later banned outright as child pornography by the Ontario Film Classification Board. |
| 1981 | *Not a Love Story* | The feminist documentary critique of the pornography industry was itself banned in Ontario for its pornographic content, although that decision was ultimately reversed. |
| 1981 | *Beau-père* | French film about a man having sex with a minor was banned in Ontario. |
| 1981 | *The Best of sex and violence* | Banned in Ontario in 1986. |
| 1983 | *I Spit on Your Grave* | Banned in Nova Scotia until 1998. |
| 1984 | *The Toxic Avenger* | Ontario censors banned the film after only watching the first 40 minutes due to "graphic and prolonged scenes of gratuitous violence, torture, crime, cruelty, horror, rape, degradation to humans and animals and exploitation of the blind and children, as well as indignities to the human body in an explicit manner". A softer version missing a lot of the gore was passed with a restricted rating after several cuts were made. |
| 1984 | *Silent Night, Deadly Night* | Banned in Ontario in 1987. |
| 1985 | *Day of the Dead* | Banned in Ontario and the Maritimes, with a cut, 97 minute version passed in Ontario. The original 101 minute version was resubmitted to the Ontario Film Review Board in 1998 and given a R rating when released on VHS. In 2008 the rating was changed to 14A. The 101-minute version has also been granted an R rating in the Maritimes. |
| 1986 | *Killer Party* | Banned in Ontario. |
| 1986 | *Blue Velvet* | A David Lynch film that was banned by the New Brunswick Film Classification Board due to its prevalence of sexually explicit scenes and of heavily violent scenes. New Brunswick now uses the ratings provided by the Maritime Film Classification Board, which granted an R rating. |
| 1987 | *Hellraiser* | Initially banned in Ontario because of "Brutal, graphic violence with blood-letting through, horror, degradation, and torture." Passed with a Restricted rating after New World Mutual agreed to cut 40 seconds of violence. |
| 1989–1993 | *Death Scenes* | Video series is banned in Nova Scotia. |
| 1992 | *Dead Alive* | U.S. unrated version banned in Ontario, however the heavily cut U.S. R-rated version was approved with a Restricted rating. |
| 1992 | *Tokyo Decadence* | Briefly banned in Ontario in early 1994. The distributor appealed and the censor allowed the film to play only in "select venues". |
| 1994 | *Exit to Eden* | Temporarily banned by the Saskatchewan Film and Video Classification Board. The controversy surrounding the ban and the film itself ultimately led to Saskatchewan disbanding its classification authority, handing classification of films over to the British Columbia Film Classification Office in a 1997 bilateral agreement. |
| 2000 | *Baise-moi* | Banned in Ontario in 2000. The ban was lifted in 2001 with the film being passed with a 'Restricted' rating after 13 seconds were removed. |
| 2001 | *Fat Girl* | Banned in Ontario in 2001 because the censor board deemed the film depicted underage sex. The ban was lifted in 2003 with the film being passed with an "R" rating. |
| 2003 | *Steve-O: Out on Bail* | Banned in Ontario because of two scenes of explicit defecation that were deemed to have no artistic merit. |
| 2006 | *Bumfights* | This series of shot-on-tape reality productions, is banned in seven of the thirteen provinces and territories; the remaining give it an R rating.  As of 2016, the films are still banned in Quebec. |


title: Styphelia crassiflora

abstract: Styphelia crassiflora is a species of flowering plant in the heath family Ericaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is an erect shrub with few branches and that typically grows to a height of 30–60 cm (12–24 in). Its leaves are broadly egg-shaped with the narrower end towards the base, to more or less round, 2–3 mm (0.079–0.118 in) long with a stem-clasping base. The flowers are borne singly or in pairs in upper leaf axils on a short peduncle, sometimes in small clusters, and with small bracts and bracteoles at the base. The sepals are about 4 mm (0.16 in) long and the petals about 6.5 mm (0.26 in) long, the petal lobes longer than the petal tube. Styphelia crassiflora was first formally described in 1867 by Ferdinand von Mueller in Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae. The specific epithet (crassiflora) means "thick-flowered". This species occurs in the Avon Wheatbelt and Geraldton Sandplains bioregions of south-western Western Australia and is listed as "not threatened" by the Government of Western Australia Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.

text:
# Styphelia crassiflora

***Styphelia crassiflora*** is a species of flowering plant in the heath family Ericaceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is an erect shrub with few branches and that typically grows to a height of 30–60 cm (12–24 in). Its leaves are broadly egg-shaped with the narrower end towards the base, to more or less round, 2–3 mm (0.079–0.118 in) long with a stem-clasping base. The flowers are borne singly or in pairs in upper leaf axils on a short peduncle, sometimes in small clusters, and with small bracts and bracteoles at the base. The sepals are about 4 mm (0.16 in) long and the petals about 6.5 mm (0.26 in) long, the petal lobes longer than the petal tube.

*Styphelia crassiflora* was first formally described in 1867 by Ferdinand von Mueller in *Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae*. The specific epithet (*crassiflora*) means "thick-flowered".

This species occurs in the Avon Wheatbelt and Geraldton Sandplains bioregions of south-western Western Australia and is listed as "not threatened" by the Government of Western Australia Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.

## InfoBox

| *Styphelia crassiflora* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Ericales |
| Family: | Ericaceae |
| Genus: | *Styphelia* |
| Species: | ***S. crassiflora*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Styphelia crassiflora***<br>F.Muell. | |
|
|  | |
| Occurrence data from AVH | |
| Synonyms | |
| *Leucopogon crassiflorus* (F.Muell.) Benth. | |


title: William Franks (landowner)

abstract: William Franks was a landowner in East Barnet, Hadley Wood and Cheshunt, and the owner of a large estate in the former Enfield Chace.

text:
# William Franks (landowner)

**William Franks** (died July 1797) was a landowner in East Barnet, Hadley Wood and Cheshunt, and the owner of a large estate in the former Enfield Chace.

## Early life

Franks was the son of William Franks (died 1790) who was important in the development of what is now known as Fitzrovia in central London and was responsible for the construction of large parts of Percy Street, Rathbone Street and Charlotte Street. William's mother was Mary Franks née Pepys (died 1805).

## Houses

In 1786, Franks bought Mount Pleasant (later known as Belmont) from Sir William Henry Ashhurst. In 1790, he bought Beech Hill Park, the former home of Francis Russell, and sold Mount Pleasant to William Wroughton.

## Family

In 1780, Franks married Jane Gaussen in Leyton, Essex. Their children included:

## Death

Franks died at Bristol Wells in July 1797. He is buried at St John the Baptist church, Kentish Town, and a memorial to him and his wife exists in the church. After his death, his freehold and leasehold property was auctioned in 1798. Advertising for the sale described the properties as being in "Enfield Chace, East Barnet, on Barnet Common, and on Cheshunt Common". Beech Hill Park was described as a "capital residence" and an "elegant spacious modern-built mansion". It was conveyed to Archibald Paris on 12 April 1800 but a Mrs Franks remained in residence until at least 1802 and Paris did not move in until 1805.


title: 1974 Alaska gubernatorial election

abstract: The 1974 Alaska gubernatorial election took place on November 5, 1974, for the post of Governor of Alaska. Republican challenger and mayor of Bristol Bay Borough Jay Hammond narrowly beat Democratic incumbent Bill Egan in a close race that was forced into a recount to verify the results. The formation of the new Alaskan Independence Party was considered to have a large impact on the race. Hammond had defeated former governors Wally Hickel and Keith Harvey Miller for the Republican nomination, while Egan defeated Eben Hopson and Don Wright for the Democratic nomination.

text:
# 1974 Alaska gubernatorial election

The **1974 Alaska gubernatorial election** took place on November 5, 1974, for the post of Governor of Alaska. Republican challenger and mayor of Bristol Bay Borough Jay Hammond narrowly beat Democratic incumbent Bill Egan in a close race that was forced into a recount to verify the results. The formation of the new Alaskan Independence Party was considered to have a large impact on the race. Hammond had defeated former governors Wally Hickel and Keith Harvey Miller for the Republican nomination, while Egan defeated Eben Hopson and Don Wright for the Democratic nomination.

## Results

1974 Alaska gubernatorial election
| Party | | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | **Republican** | **Jay Hammond** | **45,840** | **47.67%** | **+1.54%** |
|  | Democratic | Bill Egan (inc.) | 45,553 | 47.37% | −5.01% |
|  | Independence | Joe Vogler | 4,770 | 4.96% |  |
| Majority | | | 287 | 0.30% |  |
| Turnout | | | 96,163 |  |  |
|  | Republican **gain** from Democratic | | Swing |  |  |

## InfoBox

1974 Alaska gubernatorial election
| --- | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Nominee **Jay Hammond** Bill Egan   Party Republican Democratic  Running mate **Lowell Thomas Jr.** Red Boucher  Popular vote **45,840** 45,553  Percentage **47.67%** 47.37% | |
| ---  Results by state house district
**Hammond:**      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%
**Egan:**      50–60%      60–70% | |
| ---  **Governor before election**
Bill Egan
Democratic **Elected Governor**
Jay Hammond
Republican | |


title: Tilings and patterns

abstract: Tilings and patterns is a book by mathematicians Branko Grünbaum and Geoffrey Colin Shephard published in 1987 by W.H. Freeman. The book was 10 years in development, and upon publication it was widely reviewed and highly acclaimed.

text:
# Tilings and patterns

***Tilings and patterns*** is a book by mathematicians Branko Grünbaum and Geoffrey Colin Shephard published in 1987 by W.H. Freeman. The book was 10 years in development, and upon publication it was widely reviewed and highly acclaimed.

## Structure and topics

The book is concerned with tilings \- a partition of the plane into regions (the tiles) - and patterns \- repetitions of a motif in the plane in a regular manner.

The book is divided into two parts. The first seven chapters define concepts and terminology, establish the general theory of tilings, survey tilings by regular polygons, review the theory of patterns, and discuss tilings in which all the tiles, or all the edges, or all the vertices, play the same role.

The last five chapters survey a variety of advanced topics in tiling theory: colored patterns and tilings, polygonal tilings, aperiodic tilings, Wang tiles, and tilings with unusual kinds of tiles.

Each chapter open with an introduction to the topic, this is followed by the detailed material of the chapter, much previously unpublished, which is always profusely illustrated, and normally includes examples and proofs. Chapters close with exercises, and a section of notes and references which detail the historical development of the topic. These notes sections are interesting and entertaining, as they discuss the efforts of the previous workers in the field and detail the good (and bad) approaches to the topic. The notes also identify unsolved problems, point out areas of potential application, and provide connections to other disciplines in mathematics, science, and the arts.

The book has 700 pages, including a 40-page, 800-entry bibliography, and an index. The book is used as a source on numerous Wikipedia pages.

## Audience

In their preface the authors state "We have written this book with three main groups of readers in mind - students, professional mathematicians and non-mathematicians whose interests include patterns and shapes (such as artists, architects, crystallographers and others).

Other reviewers commented as follows:

* "The most striking feature of the book is its extensive collection of figures, including hundreds of examples of tilings and patterns. The sheer abundance is perhaps one reason why artists and designers have been drawn to it over the years."
* "Their idea was that the book should be accessible to any reader who is attracted to geometry."

## Reception

Contemporary reviews of the book were overwhelming positive. The book was reviewed by 15 journals in the fields of crystallography, mathematics, and the sciences. Quotations from major reviews:

László Fejes Tóth wrote in *Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society*: "Their effort is crowned by the unique comprehensive monograph *Tilings and patterns*, which lays a solid foundation for one of the most attractive fields in geometry."

Solomon W. Golomb writing in *The American Mathematical Monthly*: "This is a marvelous book" \[...\] "I recommend this book enthusiastically to anyone interested in problems of tiling the plane".

H.C. Williams in *The Mathematical Gazette* wrote: "This is a very significant book and no University or College library should be without one and many mathematicians will desire a personal copy".

Joseph Malkevitch reviewing the book for *Science* wrote: "What Grünbaum and Shephard have done, in a dazzling display of scholarship, erudition, and research, is collect in one volume a compendium of the accumulated knowledge about tilings and patterns developed by a wide range of individuals including artisans and craftsmen, mathematicians, crystallographers, and physicists."

The review in *American Scientist* was written by Marjorie Senechal: "Every once in a while a book comes along that is required reading for the scientifically literate. *Tilings and Patterns* is such a book.""

E. Schulte wrote the entry in zbMATH Open: "I hope that this review conveys my impression that *Tilings and Patterns* is an excellent book on one of the oldest mathematical disciplines. Most certainly this book will be the 'bible' for this kind of geometry."

R.L.E. Schwarzenberger wrote the review in *Bulletin of the London Mathematical Society*: "It is the first rigorous and authoritative account of the classification of various natural kinds of tiling (here synonymous with tessellation, mosaic or paving), and of the classification of discrete patterns which is used to achieve this."

## Influence

The book was praised in later journal articles by multiple authors:

"Even today, the title is often cited, because this allows manuscripts to be freed from lengthy evidence and explanations. (translated from the original German review); "I believe many people have been inspired by Grünbaum and Shephard's book"; "seminal work"; "comprehensive reference"; "The contributions of Branko Grünbaum and G.C. Shephard to the development of a coherent and rigorous theory for tilings cannot be overstated, and much of their work is summarized in their magnum opus *Tilings and Patterns*"; "A classic of tiling theory".

The book was also praised in later books by other authors:

Washburn and Crowe in their 1988 book *Symmetries of Culture: Theory and Practice of Plane Pattern Analysis* wrote "The history of the two-color and more highly colored patterns is well described in the treatise of Grünbaum and Shephard (1987), which can be taken as the definitive text for the mathematical theory of patterns in general".

Marjorie Senechal in her 1995 book *Quasicrystals and geometry* she wrote "Tiling theory was given coherence by Grünbaum and Shephard (1987), who clarified and unified the theory of tilings of the plane and laid a theoretical foundation for much of it."

Doris Schattschneider in her 2004 book *M. C. Escher: Visions of Symmetry* wrote "The most comprehensive reference for all aspects of the subject is *Tilings and patterns*, by mathematicians Branko Grünbaum and Geoffrey Shephard".

## Editions

* The hardback original *Tilings and patterns* was published in 1987.
* *Tilings and patterns - an introduction*, a paperback reprint of the first seven chapters of the 1987 original, was published in 1989.
* In 2016 a second edition of the full text was published by Dover in paperback, with a new preface and an appendix describing progress in the subject since the first edition. The reviewer at *MAA Reviews* commented "Dover has once again done the mathematical community a service in bringing back such a notable volume."

| *Tilings and patterns* subject coverage |
| --- |
| # Chapter Title Relevant articles in Wikipedia by section §  1 Basic notions §1.1 Tiling, Euclidean plane, packing, covering, toplogical disk, §1.2 prototile, regular tiling, monohedral tiling, *k*-isohedral tiling (face-transitive), §1.3 symmetry, isometry, rotation, translation, reflection, glide reflection, group, transitivity, *k*-isogonal tiling (vertex-transitive), §1.4 symmetry element, isomorphism, affine transformation, frieze group, wallpaper group, §1.6 fundamental domain, space group, rod group  2 Tilings by regular polygons and star polygons §2.1 Uniform tiling, Archimedean tiling, elongated triangular tiling, snub square tiling, truncated square tiling, truncated hexagonal tiling, trihexagonal tiling, snub trihexagonal tiling, rhombitrihexagonal tiling, §2.2 list of *k*-uniform tilings, demiregular tiling, 3-4-3-12 tiling, 3-4-6-12 tiling, 33344-33434 tiling, §2.3 *k*-isotoxal tiling (edge-transitive), §2.4 tilings that are not edge-to-edge, squaring the square, §2.5 star polygon, regular star polygon, polygram, tilings using star polygons, Kepler's star tiling, pentagram, pentacle, §2.6 dissection tiling, §2.7 regular polygon, Laves tiling, tetrakis square tiling, rhombille tiling, §2.9 uniform coloring, list of uniform colorings, Archimedean and uniform coloring, §2.10 Johannes Kepler's Harmonices Mundi  3 Well-behaved tilings §3.1 Well-behaved, singular point, locally finite, §3.2 normal tiling, Euler's theorem for tilings, §3.7 periodic tiling, §3.8 Heesch's problem, §3.9 Eberhard's theorem, §3.10 Karl Reinhardt  4 The topology of tilings §4.1 Homeomorphism (topological equivalence), combinatorial equivalence, isotopy, *Metamorphosis III*, §4.2 duality, Pythagorean tiling  5 Patterns §5.1 Pattern, motif, §5.2 group theory, symmetry group, subgroup, §5.3 2-D lattice, §5.4 Dirichlet tiling, §5.5 continuous group, §5.6 Islamic geometric patterns  6 Classification of tilings with transitivity properties §6.2 Isohedral tiling, §6.3 isogonal tiling, §6.4 isotoxal tiling, list of isotoxal tilings, §6.5 striped pattern, §6.6 Evgraf Fedorov, Alexei Vasilievich Shubnikov, planigon, Boris Delone  7 Classification with respect to symmetries §7.1 Conjugate element, §7.7 arrangement of lines, §7.8 Circle packing  8 Colored patterns and tilings §§8.1-8.7 Dichromatic symmetry, polychromatic symmetry, perfect coloring, §8.8 Truchet tiles, M.C. Escher  9 Tilings by polygons §9.1 Tilings by polygons, triangular tiling, quadrilteral tiling, pentagonal tiling, hexagonal tiling, parallelogon, §9.2 non-convex polygon tilings, §9.3 anisohedral tiling, §9.4 polyomino, heptomino, polyiamond, polyhex, §9.5 Voderberg tiling, §9.6 Marjorie Rice  10 Aperiodic tilings §10.1 Similarity, §10.2 aperiodic tiling, Raphael M. Robinson, list of aperiodic sets of tiles, Ammann A1 tilings, §10.3 Penrose tiling, golden ratio, §10.4 Ammann–Beenker tiling, aperiodic set of prototiles, §10.7 Roger Penrose, Robert Ammann, John H. Conway, Alan Lindsay Mackay, Dan Shechtman, Einstein problem  11 Wang tiles §11.1 Wang tile, §11.2 Hao Wang, §11.3 decidability, §11.4 Turing machine  12 Tilings with unusual kinds of tiles §12.1 Cut point, §12.2 disconnected tiles, §12.3 hollow tiling, vertex figure, §12.4 Riemann surface, H.S.M. Coxeter |

## InfoBox

Tilings and patterns
| Cover of 1987 edition | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Branko Grünbaum and Geoffrey Colin Shephard |
| Language | English |
| Subject | Tilings, patterns |
| Publisher | W.H. Freeman, Dover |
| Publication date | 1987 |
| Publication place | U.S.A. |
| Media type | Print |
| Pages | 700 *(first edition)* |
| ISBN | 978-0-716-71193-3 |
| OCLC | 13092426 |
| Dewey Decimal | 511.6 |
| LC Class | QA166.8.G78 |


title: No Absolute Time

abstract: No Absolute Time is an album by French jazz fusion artist Jean-Luc Ponty, released in 1993. It marks his return to the Atlantic label.

text:
# No Absolute Time

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic |  |

***No Absolute Time*** is an album by French jazz fusion artist Jean-Luc Ponty, released in 1993. It marks his return to the Atlantic label.

## Track listing

All songs by Jean-Luc Ponty.

1. "No Absolute Time" – 5:42
2. "Savannah" – 9:18
3. "Lost Illusions" – 5:03
4. "Dance of the Spirits" – 4:59
5. "Forever Together" – 5:46
6. "Caracas" – 3:53
7. "The African Spirit" – 4:58
8. "Speak Out" – 6:23
9. "Blue Mambo" – 6:12
10. "The Child in You" – 4:33

## Personnel

* Jean-Luc Ponty – violin, keyboards, electric violin and viola, synthesizer
* Martin Atangana – guitar
* Kevin Eubanks – guitar (on "Blue Mambo")
* Guy N'Sangue – bass, sound effects
* Moustapha Cisse – percussion
* Kémo Kouyaté – harp, background vocals, Balafon, Kora
* Abdou M'Boup – percussion, drums, sound effects, tambourine, bells, shaker, cowbell, bougarabou drums
* Mokhtar Samba – percussion, drums, timbales, cowbell, doundoumba, bougarabou drums
* Sydney Thiam – percussion, sound effects, bells, shaker, doundoumba
* Wally Minko – piano, keyboards

**Production notes**

* Jean-Luc Ponty – producer
* Eduardo Chermont – engineer
* Steve Harrison – engineer
* Peter Kelsey – engineer
* Patrice Lazareff – engineer
* Bernie Grundman – mastering

## Charts

| Year | Chart | Position |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1993 | *Billboard* Top Contemporary Jazz Albums | 5 |
|

1. https://www.allmusic.com/album/r184383

## InfoBox

| No Absolute Time | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Jean-Luc Ponty | |
| Released | July 19, 1993 |
| Recorded | December 1992 – March 1993 |
| Studio | Davout Studios, Paris, France, Westlake Studios, Los Angeles, Home Studio, Santa Monica, CA |
| Genre | Jazz fusion |
| Length | 56:53 |
| Label | Atlantic |
| Producer | Jean-Luc Ponty |
| Jean-Luc Ponty chronology | |
| *Tchokola*
(1991) ***No Absolute Time***
(1993) *The Rite of Strings*
(1995) | |


title: Optik Records

abstract: Optik Records was a German hip hop label located in Berlin. The label was shut down in 2009 due to financial problems.

text:
# Optik Records

**Optik Records** was a German hip hop label located in Berlin. The label was shut down in 2009 due to financial problems.

## History

Founded in 2002 by Kool Savas, early records included "Optik Crew: Optik Mixtape Vol.1" by various label artists and "Der beste Tag meines Lebens" by Kool Savas. The *Optik Youngstarz* were founded in 2005 which included founder Savas' cousin. Also in 2005, Kool Savas released "Die John Bello Story". The 2006 Kool Savas/Optik Records compilation *Optik Takeover* was a hit in central Europe, reaching #8 on the German album charts, #39 in Switzerland, and #40 in Austria. The last album released unter the subcontract with Sony BMG/Subword was "Tot oder Lebendig" by Kool Savas in 2007.

In July 2008, Savas announced that Optik Records would cease operations due to financial difficulties after the tour in January 2009. The label shut down in February 2009.

## Artists

### Optik Records

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |

### Optik Schweiz

### Optik Russia

## Discography

### Albums

### Singles

### EPs

* 2003 Kool Savas feat. Valezka: *Der Beste Tag Meines Lebens* (EP)
* 2003 SD: Wie Es Geht / Oh
* 2004 Caput: *Sieben*
* 2004 SD: *Dirrrty*
* 2004 Ercandize: *Willkommen im Dschungel*

### Mixtapes

### DVDs

* 2003 Kool Savas: *Der Beste Tag Meines Lebens*
* 2005 Kool Savas & Azad: *One*
* 2006 Kool Savas: *Feuer über Deutschland*
* 2008 Kool Savas:  *Tot oder Lebendig LIVE*


abstract: The 1985–86 Notre Dame Fighting Irish men's basketball team represented the University of Notre Dame during the 1985-86 college basketball season. The Irish were led by head coach Digger Phelps, in his 15th season, and played their home games at the Athletic & Convocation Center in Notre Dame, Indiana. The Irish completed a perfect season at home (15–0). Notre Dame earned an at-large bid to the NCAA tournament where they were upset by Arkansas–Little Rock in the opening round. The team finished with a 23–6 record and a No. 10 ranking in the final AP poll.

text:
# 1985–86 Notre Dame Fighting Irish men's basketball team

1985–86 NCAA Division I men's basketball independents standings
|  | Conf | | | | |  |  | Overall | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Team | W |  | L |  | PCT |  |  | W |  | L |  | PCT |
| No. 10 Notre Dame | - |  | - |  |  |  |  | 23 |  | 6 |  | .793 |
| Chicago State | - |  | - |  |  |  |  | 22 |  | 6 |  | .786 |
| Eastern Washington | - |  | - |  |  |  |  | 20 |  | 8 |  | .714 |
| Texas–Pan American | - |  | - |  |  |  |  | 20 |  | 8 |  | .714 |
| Marquette | - |  | - |  |  |  |  | 19 |  | 11 |  | .633 |
| DePaul | - |  | - |  |  |  |  | 18 |  | 13 |  | .581 |
| New Orleans | - |  | - |  |  |  |  | 16 |  | 12 |  | .571 |
| Dayton | - |  | - |  |  |  |  | 17 |  | 13 |  | .567 |
| Southwestern Louisiana | - |  | - |  |  |  |  | 15 |  | 13 |  | .536 |
| Miami (Fla.) | - |  | - |  |  |  |  | 14 |  | 14 |  | .500 |
| Tennessee State | - |  | - |  |  |  |  | 14 |  | 14 |  | .500 |
| Utica | - |  | - |  |  |  |  | 13 |  | 14 |  | .481 |
| Florida A&M | - |  | - |  |  |  |  | 12 |  | 16 |  | .429 |
| Brooklyn | - |  | - |  |  |  |  | 9 |  | 22 |  | .290 |
| U.S. International | - |  | - |  |  |  |  | 8 |  | 20 |  | .286 |
| Texas–San Antonio | - |  | - |  |  |  |  | 7 |  | 24 |  | .226 |
| Central Florida | - |  | - |  |  |  |  | 6 |  | 22 |  | .214 |
|  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Rankings from AP Poll | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

The **1985–86 Notre Dame Fighting Irish men's basketball team** represented the University of Notre Dame during the 1985-86 college basketball season. The Irish were led by head coach Digger Phelps, in his 15th season, and played their home games at the Athletic & Convocation Center in Notre Dame, Indiana. The Irish completed a perfect season at home (15–0). Notre Dame earned an at-large bid to the NCAA tournament where they were upset by Arkansas–Little Rock in the opening round. The team finished with a 23–6 record and a No. 10 ranking in the final AP poll.

## Roster

| 1985–86 Notre Dame Fighting Irish men's basketball team | |
| --- | --- |
| Players | Coaches |
| Pos. # Name Height Weight Year Hometown  4 David Rivers 6 ft 2 in (1.88 m) 170 lb (77 kg) So Jersey City, New Jersey  15 Donald Royal 6 ft 8 in (2.03 m) 205 lb (93 kg) Jr New Orleans, Louisiana  F/C 41 Tim Kempton 6 ft 10 in (2.08 m) 240 lb (109 kg) Sr Jamaica, New York | Head coach Assistant coach(es)  ---  Legend* **(C)** Team captain * **(S)** Suspended * **(I)** Ineligible * **(W)** Walk-on |

## Schedule and results

| Date
time, TV | Rank# | Opponent# | Result | Record | Site
city, state |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Regular Season | | | | | | | | |
| Nov 22, 1985*
 | No. 12 | Saint Joseph's (IN) | **W** 79–49 | 1–0
 | Athletic & Convocation Center
Notre Dame, Indiana |
| Nov 30, 1985*
 | No. 11 | Butler | **W** 87–56 | 1–0
 | Athletic & Convocation Center
Notre Dame, Indiana |
| Dec 3, 1985*
 | No. 10 | at No. 19 Indiana | **L** 67–82 | 1–1
 | Assembly Hall
Bloomington, Indiana |
| Dec 7, 1985*
 | No. 10 | Loyola–Chicago | **W** 71–58 | 2–1
 | Athletic & Convocation Center
Notre Dame, Indiana |
| Dec 9, 1985*
 | No. 17 | Oregon | **W** 72–63 | 3–1
 | Athletic & Convocation Center
Notre Dame, Indiana |
| Dec 21, 1985*
 | No. 19 | Valparaiso | **W** 98–54 | 4–1
 | Athletic & Convocation Center
Notre Dame, Indiana |
| Dec 30, 1985*
 | No. 17 | Creighton | **W** 80–54 | 5–1
 | Athletic & Convocation Center
Notre Dame, Indiana |
| Jan 4, 1986*
 | No. 17 | at La Salle | **W** 77–63 | 6–1
 | The Palestra
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |
| Jan 7, 1986*
 | No. 16 | at Providence | **W** 78–72 | 7–1
 | Providence Civic Center
Providence, Rhode Island |
| Jan 11, 1986*
 | No. 16 | at DePaul | **W** 70–54 | 8–1
 | Rosemont Horizon
Rosemont, Illinois |
| Jan 13, 1986*
 | No. 13 | at BYU | **L** 76–80 | 8–2
 | Marriott Center
Provo, Utah |
| Jan 18, 1986*
 | No. 13 | UCLA | **W** 74–64 | 9–2
 | Athletic & Convocation Center (11,345)
Notre Dame, Indiana |
| Jan 20, 1986*
 | No. 16 | Hofstra | **W** 91–67 | 10–2
 | Athletic & Convocation Center
Notre Dame, Indiana |
| Jan 22, 1986*
 | No. 16 | American | **W** 67–56 | 11–2
 | Athletic & Convocation Center
Notre Dame, Indiana |
| Jan 26, 1986*
 | No. 16 | at No. 1 North Carolina | **L** 61–73 | 11–3
 | Dean Smith Center
Chapel Hill, North Carolina |
| Jan 29, 1986*
 | No. 14 | Utah | **W** 94–64 | 12–3
 | Athletic & Convocation Center
Notre Dame, Indiana |
| Feb 1, 1986*
 | No. 14 | Marquette | **W** 72–70 | 13–3
 | Athletic & Convocation Center
Notre Dame, Indiana |
| Feb 3, 1986*
 | No. 14 | Maryland | **W** 69–62 | 14–3
 | Athletic & Convocation Center
Notre Dame, Indiana |
| Feb 5, 1986*
 | No. 14 | at Dayton | **L** 65–67 | 14–4
 | University of Dayton Arena
Dayton, Ohio |
| Feb 8, 1986*
 | No. 14 | at No. 8 Syracuse | **W** 85–81 | 15–4
 | Carrier Dome
Syracuse, New York |
| Feb 11, 1986*
 | No. 14 | Fordham | **W** 81–58 | 16–4
 | Athletic & Convocation Center
Notre Dame, Indiana |
| Feb 16, 1986*
 | No. 14 | at No. 2 Duke | **L** 74–75 | 16–5
 | Cameron Indoor Stadium
Durham, North Carolina |
| Feb 19, 1986*
 | No. 14 | vs. Manhattan | **W** 102–47 | 17–5
 | Madison Square Garden
New York, New York |
| Feb 22, 1986*
 | No. 14 | at Miami (FL) | **W** 126–73 | 18–5
 | Knight Center
Miami, Florida |
| Feb 25, 1986*
 | No. 12 | DePaul | **W** 70–59 | 19–5
 | Athletic & Convocation Center
Notre Dame, Indiana |
| Mar 1, 1986*
 | No. 12 | at Marquette | **W** 74–66 | 20–5
 | MECCA Arena
Milwaukee, Wisconsin |
| Mar 3, 1986*
 | No. 12 | at New Orleans | **W** 75–67 | 21–5
 | Lakefront Arena
New Orleans, Louisiana |
| Mar 8, 1986*
 | No. 12 | Dayton | **W** 69–55 | 22–5
 | Athletic & Convocation Center
Notre Dame, Indiana |
| NCAA Tournament | | | | | | | | |
| Mar 14, 1986*
 | (3 MW)  No. 10 | vs. (14 MW) Arkansas–Little Rock
*First round* | **L** 83–90 | 23–6
 | Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome
Minneapolis, Minnesota |
| *Non-conference game. #Rankings from AP Poll/UPI Poll. (#) Tournament seedings in parentheses. | | | | | | | | | | | |

## Rankings

## InfoBox

| 1985–86 Notre Dame Fighting Irish men's basketball | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| NCAA tournament | |
| Conference | Independent |
| Ranking | |
| Coaches | No. 11 |
| AP | No. 10 |
| Record | 23–6 |
| Head coach |  |
| Home arena | Athletic & Convocation Center |
|


title: University for Business and Technology

abstract: University for Business and Technology (UBT) is a private university located in Kosovo.

text:
# University for Business and Technology

**University for Business and Technology** (UBT) is a private university located in Kosovo.

## About

UBT is an established and innovative institution of higher education in Kosovo which combines the advantages of internationally recognized universities. The university offers:

* Contemporary study programs based on international quality standards
* Distinguished academics and experts
* Partnerships with renowned universities and institutions which offer the possibility for study exchange and external professional experience
* Modern infrastructure and modern management (in accordance with ISO 9001)
* Direct links with the economy, academic and international research projects, and transfer of tech knowledge
* Highly motivated students and personnel

All of these components make UBT not only an important educational institution for the future of Kosovo, but a modern institution in Europe. With the visions of “Top Education for Top Students” and “Succeed with Quality”, UBT is continually looking towards the future and as a result, has become one of the most progressive and esteemed universities in the region.

## Campus

## Courses

UBT provides a dynamic and international study environment for Bachelor and Master students through high-quality, problem based learning. The education offered at UBT include lectures in foreign languages by lecturers and scholars from abroad which creates an international study environment for both domestic and international students. With over 50 fields of study to choose from, students can select a field of specialization that fits with their aspirations and develop the concentrated knowledge necessary to become a successful entrant into the labor market.

The university offers both undergraduate and post-graduate courses. The following study programs are accredited at UBT:

* Management, Business and Economics (Bachelor's and Master's)
    + Finance, Banking and Insurance
    + Accounting, Audit and Taxation
    + Marketing and Sales
    + Management, Entrepreneurship and Innovation
    + Logistics and Procurement Management
    + International Business
* Computer Science and Engineering (Bachelor's and Master's)
    + Software and Engineering Systems
    + Database and Information Systems
    + Network and Telecommunications
    + Mechatronics and Robotics
    + Design and Multimedia
* Mechatronics Management (Bachelor's and Master's)
    + Electrotechnics
    + Electronics
    + Information Technology
    + Industrial Production
    + Industrial Design
* Information Systems (Bachelor's and Master's)
    + Business Information Systems
    + Geo Information Systems (GIS)
    + Library Information Systems and Knowledge Management
    + Statistics, Data Processing and Simulation
    + Information Security and Privacy
* Architecture and Spatial Planning (Bachelor's and Master's)
    + Architecture
    + Design
    + Spatial Planning
    + Energy and Environment
* Building and Infrastructure Engineering (Bachelor's)
    + Infrastructure
    + Environment
    + Management
    + Construction
* Political Science and Diplomacy (Bachelor's)
    + International Relations and Diplomacy
    + European Integration
    + Public Administration
* Law (Bachelor's and Master's)
    + Civil Law
    + Criminal Law
    + International Law
    + International and European Business Law
* Media and Communication (Bachelor's)
    + Journalism
    + Communication
    + Media Management
    + Public Relations
    + Online Journalism
    + Camera and Photography
* Energy Engineering (Bachelor's and Professional Diploma)
    + Energy Efficiency Engineering (only accredited institution in Kosovo)
    + Energy Economy
    + Sustainable Design
    + Electric Generation and Renewable Energy
    + Energy Management
    + Biomass Energy and Environment
* Nursing (Bachelor's)
    + General Emergency Nursing
    + Internal Medicine Nursing
    + Surgical Nursing
    + Community and Family Nursing
    + Mental Health Nursing
    + Oncology Nursing
    + Obstetrical Nursing
    + Pediatric Nursing
* Integrated Design (Bachelor's)
    + Graphic and Communication Design
    + Fashion and Textile Design
    + Industrial Product Design
    + Building and Furniture Design
* Food Science and Technology (Bachelor's)
    + Food Technology
    + Nutrition
    + Food Quality and Safety Management
* Public Policy and Management (Master's)

## InfoBox

UBT
| UBT | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Type | Private |
| Established | 2001 |
| Rector | Edmond Hajrizi |
| Academic staff | 300-500 |
| Students | 10000 |
| Location | Pristina, 10000, Kosovo<br>42°38′51″N 21°09′10″E / 42.6475°N 21.1528°E / 42.6475; 21.1528 |
| Campus | Lipljan, Ferizaj & Prizren |
| Colours |  |
| Website | www.ubt-uni.net |


title: Styphelia cuspidata

abstract: Styphelia cuspidata is a species of flowering plant in the family Ericaceae and is endemic to the central Queensland coast. It is a shrub with densely hairy young branchlets, egg-shaped to lance-shaped leaves with the narrower end towards the base, and white, bell-shaped flowers that are bearded inside.

text:
# Styphelia cuspidata

***Styphelia cuspidata*** is a species of flowering plant in the family Ericaceae and is endemic to the central Queensland coast. It is a shrub with densely hairy young branchlets, egg-shaped to lance-shaped leaves with the narrower end towards the base, and white, bell-shaped flowers that are bearded inside.

## Description

*Styphelia cuspidata* is a shrub that typically grows to a height of 0.4–1.5 m (1 ft 4 in – 4 ft 11 in), its young branchlets densely hairy. The leaves are egg-shaped to lance-shaped with the narrower end towards the base, 10–18 mm (0.39–0.71 in) long and 2–4 mm (0.079–0.157 in) wide on a petiole about 0.5 mm (0.020 in) long. The leaves point upwards and have a sharply-pointed tip. The flowers are arranged in two to four upper leaf axils on a peduncle up to 1 mm (0.039 in) long, with egg-shaped to round bracts about 0.6 mm (0.024 in) long and bracteoles 1.0–1.3 mm (0.039–0.051 in) long. The sepals are lance-shaped, 2.3–3.1 mm (0.091–0.122 in) long and the petals white and form a bell-shaped tube 1.5–1.9 mm (0.059–0.075 in) long with lobes 1.8–2.2 mm (0.071–0.087 in) long and densely hairy inside. Flowering occurs in most months and the fruit is an elliptic drupe 2.8–3.3 mm (0.11–0.13 in) long.

## Taxonomy

This species was first formally described in 1810 by Robert Brown who gave it the name *Leucopogon cuspidatus* in *Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae et Insulae Van Diemen*. In 1824, Kurt Polycarp Joachim Sprengel transferred the species to *Styphelia* as *S. cuspidata* in *Systema Vegetabilium*. The specific epithet (*cuspidata*) means "cuspidate".

## Distribution and habitat

This leucopogon grows in shrubland on hillsides and mountains on the central Queensland coast between Hook Island in the north and Great Keppel Island and Mount Wheeler in the south.

## InfoBox

| *Styphelia cuspidata* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Asterids |
| Order: | Ericales |
| Family: | Ericaceae |
| Genus: | *Styphelia* |
| Species: | ***S. cuspidata*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Styphelia cuspidata***<br>(R.Br.) Spreng. | |
|
|  | |
| Occurrence data from AVH | |
| Synonyms | |
| * *Leucopogon cuspidatus* R.Br. * *Acrotriche aristata* Benth. | |


title: William Hines (journalist)

abstract: William M. Hines was an American journalist. According to his Washington Post obituary, he was considered "the godfather of NASA space reporting." He attended Guilford College but left for a job at the Chattanooga Times. He served as a first lieutenant in the United States Army during World War II. He worked briefly in The Pentagon's information office before joining the Washington Star as a reporter and later becoming Sunday editor. His critical coverage of the Apollo 1 fire in 1967 led to reforms at NASA. His Washington reporting landed him on the master list of Nixon political opponents. He left the Star in 1968 for the Chicago Daily News and later became Washington bureau chief of the Chicago Sun-Times. He retired from the Sun-Times in 1989.

text:
# William Hines (journalist)

**William M. Hines** (September 11, 1916 – February 28, 2005) was an American journalist. According to his *Washington Post* obituary, he was considered "the godfather of NASA space reporting."

He attended Guilford College but left for a job at the Chattanooga Times. He served as a first lieutenant in the United States Army during World War II. He worked briefly in The Pentagon's information office before joining the *Washington Star* as a reporter and later becoming Sunday editor.

His critical coverage of the Apollo 1 fire in 1967 led to reforms at NASA. His Washington reporting landed him on the master list of Nixon political opponents.

He left the Star in 1968 for the *Chicago Daily News* and later became Washington bureau chief of the *Chicago Sun-Times*. He retired from the *Sun-Times* in 1989.