title: PBS Wisconsin

abstract: PBS Wisconsin is a network of non-commercial educational television stations operated primarily by the Wisconsin Educational Communications Board and the University of Wisconsin–Madison. It comprises all of the PBS member stations in the state outside of Milwaukee. The state network is available via flagship station WHA-TV in Madison and five full-power satellite stations throughout most of Wisconsin. As of April 5, 2009, all stations have converted to digital-only transmissions. PBS Wisconsin is also available on most satellite and cable television outlets. WHA-TV, along with Chicago-based WTTW, serve the Rockford, Illinois, television market exclusively through cable and satellite, as Rockford is one of a few television markets in the United States that lacks a PBS station of its own. Until the gradual move of instructional broadcasting to IPTV services, the network, as Wisconsin Public Television, was the main conduit of educational television, GED preparation and instructional television programming produced by the WECB, which aired through PBS, Annenberg Media, those stations serving portions of Wisconsin without a WPT station, and other educational television distributors. As of October 2014, the WECB now distributes this programming exclusively online, allowing the over-the-air network to carry PBS programming full-time.

text:
# PBS Wisconsin

**PBS Wisconsin** (formerly **Wisconsin Public Television** or **WPT**) is a network of non-commercial educational television stations operated primarily by the Wisconsin Educational Communications Board and the University of Wisconsin–Madison. It comprises all of the PBS member stations in the state outside of Milwaukee (which has its own PBS stations).

The state network is available via flagship station WHA-TV in Madison and five full-power satellite stations throughout most of Wisconsin. As of April 5, 2009, all stations have converted to digital-only transmissions. PBS Wisconsin is also available on most satellite and cable television outlets. WHA-TV, along with Chicago-based WTTW, serve the Rockford, Illinois, television market exclusively through cable and satellite, as Rockford is one of a few television markets in the United States that lacks a PBS station of its own.

Until the gradual move of instructional broadcasting to IPTV services, the network, as Wisconsin Public Television, was the main conduit of educational television, GED preparation and instructional television programming produced by the WECB, which aired through PBS, Annenberg Media, those stations serving portions of Wisconsin without a WPT station, and other educational television distributors. As of October 2014, the WECB now distributes this programming exclusively online, allowing the over-the-air network to carry PBS programming full-time.

## History

WHA-TV signed on the air on May 3, 1954, as the first educational station in Wisconsin and the seventh in the United States. WHA-TV is the only public television station in the country that maintains a three-letter callsign, and one of only three analog-era UHF stations altogether (along with WHP-TV in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, and WWJ-TV in Detroit) with a three-letter callsign.

Wisconsin was a relative latecomer to educational television, despite its earlier leading role in educational radio. Channel 21's radio sister, WHA-AM, is one of the oldest educational radio stations in the world. By the time channel 21 signed on, UW had already launched a radio network that evolved into today's Wisconsin Public Radio. However, for most of the time from the 1950s through the 1970s, it was one of only three stations in the state that was a member of National Educational Television (NET) and its successor, PBS. The others were WMVS (channel 10) and WMVT (channel 36) in Milwaukee. The only other areas of the state outside of Milwaukee and Madison that had a clear signal from an NET/PBS member station were the northwest (from Duluth, Minnesota's WDSE-TV) and the southwest (from the Twin Cities' KTCA-TV). During the late 60s and into the early 70s, commercial station KFIZ-TV in Fond du Lac was contracted by the UW-Madison Board of Regents to simulcast portions of WHA-TV's broadcast day, bringing WHA's programming into the Green Bay and Milwaukee markets.

In 1971, the state legislature created the Wisconsin Educational Communications Board, activating five stations as semi-satellites of WHA-TV during the 1970s; the network launched using new studio facilities located within Vilas Hall on the UW–Madison campus, along with WHA-TV and WHA radio. The first was WPNE-TV in Green Bay in 1972, ending KFIZ-TV's part-time affiliation with WHA (and hastening its demise only two months after WPNE went on the air). This was followed by WHWC-TV in Menomonie and WHLA-TV in La Crosse in 1973; WHRM-TV in Wausau in 1975 and WLEF in Park Falls in 1977, most taking call signs that originated from their co-owned radio counterparts. Originally, programming origination was split between WHA-TV and WPNE-TV. The stations adopted the on-air name of "Wisconsin Public Television" in 1986, and by then WHA-TV had become the sole originating station. Transmission and station identification is based out of ECB's Madison facility; all stations still maintain studios at their respective universities but have generally been deprecated with the evolution of public broadcasting and technology.

From 1960 to 2007, WHA-TV/WPT aired same-day tape-delayed coverage of some Wisconsin Badgers football and men's basketball home games, which was produced in association with UW-Madison's athletic department. This ended in 2007 with the Big Ten Conference's new media rights deals (including the new Big Ten Network cable channel). The state network offers tape-delayed broadcasts of Badgers men's and women's hockey, women's basketball and volleyball throughout the year over the secondary Wisconsin Channel.

In 2018, Wisconsin Public Television collaborated with the American Archive of Public Broadcasting to preserve digitized items in the WPT collection.

On November 4, 2019, Wisconsin Public Television was renamed PBS Wisconsin, aligning itself with the new national PBS brand identity unveiled the same day.

## Stations

### Full-power stations

There are six full-power stations in the state network, each located in major cities throughout the state, and all are broadcast on the UHF band. On April 5, 2009, the state network ended analog service for all stations, which map to their former analog channel location; WLEF's analog signal was terminated on February 3, 2009. All digital facilities and channels in the network except for WLEF were designed for pre- and post-transition use.

WPNE moved its physical channel from 42 to 25 on July 1, 2018, and WHLA moved its physical channel from 30 to 15 on September 7, 2018, both as part of the FCC's spectrum repacking, but both stations continue to use their virtual channel mappings.

| Station | City of license |  | Call sign meaning | ERP | HAAT | Transmitter coordinates | First air date | Public license info | Facility ID |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| WHA-TV | Madison | 21 (20) | From sister station WHA radio | 200 kW | 454 m (1,490 ft) | 43°3′21″N 89°32′6″W / 43.05583°N 89.53500°W / 43.05583; -89.53500 (WHA-TV) | May 3, 1954 |  | 6096 |
| WHLA-TV | La Crosse | 31 (15) | WHA - La Crosse | 400 kW | 345.5 m (1,133.5 ft) | 43°48′18.3″N 91°22′5.1″W / 43.805083°N 91.368083°W / 43.805083; -91.368083 (WHLA-TV) | March 17, 1975 |  | 18780 |
| WHRM-TV | Wausau | 20 (24) | WHA - Rib Mountain | 400 kW | 387 m (1,270 ft) | 44°55′14.2″N 89°41′28.7″W / 44.920611°N 89.691306°W / 44.920611; -89.691306 (WHRM-TV) | January 20, 1976 |  | 73036 |
| WHWC-TV | Menomonie | 28 (27) | WHA - West Central | 400 kW | 350 m (1,148 ft) | 45°2′48.9″N 91°51′47.6″W / 45.046917°N 91.863222°W / 45.046917; -91.863222 (WHWC-TV) | November 19, 1973 |  | 18793 |
| WLEF-TV | Park Falls | 36 (36) | Lee E. Franks<br>(former WECB executive director) | 400 kW | 445 m (1,460 ft) | 45°56′42.5″N 90°16′22.5″W / 45.945139°N 90.272917°W / 45.945139; -90.272917 (WLEF-TV) | December 15, 1977 |  | 63046 |
| WPNE-TV | Green Bay | 38 (25) | Public Broadcasting Northeast | 400 kW | 375 m (1,230 ft) | 44°24′34.6″N 88°0′6.7″W / 44.409611°N 88.001861°W / 44.409611; -88.001861 (WPNE) | September 12, 1972 |  | 18798 |

### Notes

### Technical information

#### Subchannels

All transmitters broadcast the same four digital subchannels.

PBS Wisconsin multiplex
| Channel | Res. | Aspect | Short name | Programming |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| xx.1 | 720p | 16:9 | (Station call sign)-HD | PBS |
| | | xx.2 | WPT2 | Wisconsin Channel |
| xx.3 | | 480i | WPT3 | Create |
| | | xx.4 | WPT4 | PBS Kids |

* The programming schedule of all three channels over-the-air depends on the main network schedule; before October 2014, on late nights without overnight instructional programming, WPT went off the air at 1 a.m. and signed back on at 6 a.m. However, after a January 2010 transmitter problem took down WPNE and commercial station WBAY-TV in Green Bay during an off the air period for two weeks, the network switched from turning off their transmitters to mainly airing a network station identification card with an outline map of the network's service in the state during off-the-air hours.
    + Beginning in October 2014, the network began 24-hour service using the late night national PBS feed or network programming to fill the overnight hours, and discontinued most instructional programming outside of one overnight hour of UW-Madison/Wisconsin Public Radio programming under the title *University Place*.
* A previous locally programmed PBS Kids 24/7 service aired on WPT's .2 subchannel until 2007, when PBS discontinued the service due to their interest in Sprout until 2013; subsequently the Wisconsin Channel launched in its place, along with a modified children's programming schedule across both services. The channel resumed service in January 2017 upon the launch of the national PBS Kids service on its fourth subchannel.
* Since converting all their operations to digital in April 2009, PBS Wisconsin has broadcast their programming in the 720p high definition format, reduced from PBS' master 1080i resolution.

#### Translators

A translator network also serves portions of the state where over-the-air reception for a full-power station is hindered by area topography (or in the case of Door County, distance from Green Bay), and to fill in holes between full-power stations. All of the listed translators are owned by the WECB, and flash-cut from analog to digital in the first two weeks of November 2008, including adding the subchannel services. Each translator has its virtual channel mapped to the channel number of the closest full-power station to the translator.

### Network programming in Milwaukee and Superior–Duluth

PBS Wisconsin's public affairs programming is carried by WMVS in Milwaukee, including *Here and Now*, while Duluth's WDSE airs the shows in northeast Minnesota and northwest Wisconsin. The two stations also air the state network's live teen issues program *Teen Connection* quarterly with PBS Wisconsin, along with political debates and other important events originating from the Capitol such as the State of the State address and biennial budget address produced by the state network; in turn some Milwaukee PBS programming (such as *Outdoor Wisconsin*) and MPTV-produced debates air on PBS Wisconsin, with programs such as *Wisconsin Foodie* in turn airing on WMVS. Some of the state network's tape-delayed sports coverage airs in Milwaukee on WMVT.

In March 2021, PBS Wisconsin, by way of WHA-TV, was quietly added to Dish Network's Duluth–Superior local feed in standard definition.

## National presentations

1. AP (November 29, 1972). "Fond du Lac to Lose Station". *Wisconsin State Journal*. Retrieved May 26, 2018  via Newspapers.com.
2. "Sports". *www.madison.com*. Archived from the original on June 11, 2011. Retrieved January 11, 2022.
3. "WPT Sports: UW Men's Hockey on Wisconsin Public Television". *Wisconsin Public Television*. Retrieved December 13, 2018.
4. "PBS Wisconsin". *americanarchive.org*. Retrieved May 27, 2020.
5. Goldsmith, Jill (November 4, 2019). "PBS begins rollout of electric-blue brand refresh". *Current*. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
6. Richgels, Jeff. "WHA-TV ending analog broadcasts April 5". 77 Square. Retrieved April 6, 2009.
7. "Wisconsin Public Television Contact US (Programming and station notes)". November 15, 2012. Retrieved June 1, 2018.
8. "FCC History Cards for WHLA-TV".
9. "FCC History Cards for WHWC-TV".
10. FCC History Cards for WLEF-TV. Federal Communications Commission.
11. "Wisconsin Public Television to Launch New Digital Broadcast Lineup". October 6, 2008. Retrieved April 6, 2009.
12. "RabbitEars TV Query for WHA". *www.rabbitears.info*. Retrieved December 13, 2018.
13. "Translators Conversion Schedule". Wisconsin Public Television. Archived from the original on April 5, 2009. Retrieved April 6, 2009.
14. "Antennas and Reception". Wisconsin Public Television. Archived from the original on April 5, 2009. Retrieved April 6, 2009.
15. Ellis, Jon (April 11, 2021). "PBS Wisconsin Available in Superior for First Time". *Northpine.com*. Retrieved April 13, 2021.
16. "Chemistry Professor Bassam Z. Shakhashiri Is Making Science Fun for the Holidays". December 23, 2019.
1. https://www.rabbitears.info/market.php?request=station\_search&callsign=776263#station

## InfoBox

PBS Wisconsin
|
|  |
| Type | Non-commercial educational broadcast television network |
| Country | United States |
| First air date | May 3, 1954 (1954-05-03) |
| Broadcast area |  |
| Owner |  |
| Digital channel(s) | *see § Stations* |
| Sister stations | Wisconsin Public Radio |
| Former callsigns | * Wisconsin Educational Television Network (1972–1986) * Wisconsin Public Television (1986–2019) |
| Affiliation(s) | PBS, APT |
| Former affiliations | NET (1954–1970) |
| Official website | pbswisconsin.org |


title: OŠK Slovenský Grob

abstract: OŠK Slovenský Grob is a Slovak football team, based in the town of Slovenský Grob. The club was founded in 1932.

text:
# OŠK Slovenský Grob

**OŠK Slovenský Grob** is a Slovak football team, based in the town of Slovenský Grob. The club was founded in 1932.

## Notable players

The following players had international caps for their respective countries. Players whose name is listed in **bold** represented their countries while playing for Slovenský Grob.

*Past (and present) players who are the subjects of Wikipedia articles can be found here.*

## InfoBox

OŠK Slovenský Grob
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | OŠK Slovenský Grob |
| Founded | 1932 |
| Ground | Stadium OŠK Slovenský Grob<br>Slovenský Grob |
| Capacity | 700 |
| Head coach | Dušan Barkol |
| League | 4. liga |
| 2013–14 | 6th |


title: Oxford Spires Academy

abstract: Oxford Spires Academy is a state funded secondary school for children aged 11–18 in Glanville Road, East Oxford, England formerly known as Oxford Community School and The Oxford School. Formerly sponsored by the CfBT Education Trust it is currently part of the Anthem Schools Trust. The school has a co-educational student body of 1,087, and has specialist Business and Enterprise College status. The student body is drawn from across the city, though the majority of pupils are from the Cowley, Rose Hill, East Oxford, Donnington, and Blackbird Leys areas of the city.

text:
# Oxford Spires Academy

**Oxford Spires Academy** is a state funded secondary school for children aged 11–18 in Glanville Road, East Oxford, England formerly known as **Oxford Community School** and **The Oxford School**. Formerly sponsored by the CfBT Education Trust it is currently part of the Anthem Schools Trust.

The school has a co-educational student body of 1,087, and has specialist Business and Enterprise College status. The student body is drawn from across the city, though the majority of pupils are from the Cowley, Rose Hill, East Oxford, Donnington, and Blackbird Leys areas of the city.

## History

The school was originally established in 1966, following a merger between **Southfield Grammar School** and the City of Oxford High School for Boys, taking over Southfield Grammar School's Glanville Road site. The school was a single-sex grammar school for boys until 1972, when it became comprehensive, taking the first intake in September of that year. Entry also changed from aged 11 to aged 13 with the introduction of Middle Schools in Oxford. A reform of the educational system in the City of Oxford in the 1990s saw the school become coeducational. In 2003 the school changed from a 14-19 Upper School to an 11-19 Secondary School due to the City of Oxford Reorganisation. In 2005 the school gained Business and Enterprise status, providing extra funding for a state of the art conference centre. In 2006, the school recorded its best ever GCSE results. At the beginning of 2008 Oxford Community School became a Foundation School. The school has achieved Green Flag Eco-School Status.

At the start of 2011 the school reopened as Oxford Spires Academy. A new uniform was chosen and school took on a distinctive purple colour theme both in uniform and on the site itself. The uniform also included colour coordinated ties for the house system *Bannister, Earhart, Seacole and Tolkien house.* The houses each bear the name of a noteworthy figure from throughout history; Bannister is named after Sir Roger Bannister, Earhart after Amelia Earhart, Seacole after Mary Seacole and Tolkien after J.R.R. Tolkien.

Ofsted undertook a monitoring inspection of Oxford Spires Academy in April 2012 and determined that Oxford Spires Academy had made good progress towards raising standards. This was confirmed in Summer 2012 when Oxford Spires Academy achieved outstanding GCSE results. 78% of students achieved 5 or more A\*-C grades and 57% students achieved 5 or more A\*-C grades including English and Mathematics.

In 2014 the Oxford Mail reported allegations that Spires had excluded many of its least able students to bolster its external exam results, and therefore its standing in school league tables.

Sue Croft, the first principal of Oxford Spires Academy, retired at the end of the 2016-17 academic year. Her successor, Marianne Blake, took up post in September 2017, before being replaced by Jon Hebblethwaite in September 2021. Hebblethwaite left after one year and was replaced by Rich Corry

Ofsted undertook a short inspection of Oxford Spires Academy in November 2017 and determined that the school continued to be good.

On March 23rd 2018, Oxford Spires Academy closed down that Friday after a suspicious email demanded $5,000 or a bomb would be detonated, after a search of the school involving police officers and staff, nothing was found, so the situation was noted as a hoax bomb threat. Many other schools across the country had also been targeted by similar threats, possibly coming from the United States, though it is unknown if the Oxford Spires bomb threat and the other hoax bomb threats were linked. On March 13th 2019, the school went into a lockdown for over an hour after an intruder was seen around the school's perimeter, apparently holding a knife. Parents were informed of the ongoing situation at 2:49pm, which was resolved by the end of the school day. No one was harmed, nor was school property damaged during the incident.

The school became the subject of national news in late 2020 after Head of Sixth Form Jacqueline Watson informed pupils that period pain was not a valid excuse for taking time off school.

## Notable alumni

Notable former pupils include Garry Parker (professional footballer with Nottingham Forest and Leicester City), and Jermaine McSporran (professional footballer with Wycombe Wanderers, Doncaster Rovers, and Chester City).

Notable alumni of the former Southfield Grammar School include composer Bryan Kelly, horticulturalist John Mattock, actor Patrick Mower, and priest David Shreeve.

## InfoBox

| Oxford Spires Academy | |
| --- | --- |
| Address | |
|  | |
| Glanville Road
Oxford, Oxfordshire, OX4 2AU
England | |
| Coordinates | 51°44′36″N 1°13′16″W / 51.74327°N 1.22119°W / 51.74327; -1.22119 |
| Information | |
| Type | Secondary Academy |
| Motto | Be the Best You Can Be |
| Established | January 2011 |
| Local authority | Oxfordshire |
| Specialist | English language, Business and Enterprise College |
| Department for Education URN | 136261 Tables |
| Ofsted | Reports |
| Principal | Louise Cowley |
| Gender | Coeducational |
| Age | 11 to 18 |
| Enrolment | 1,087 |
| Colour(s) | purple, yellow |
| Website | http://www.oxfordspiresacademy.org/ |


title: The Complete Budokan 1978

abstract: The Complete Budokan 1978 is a box set of 1978 live recordings by Bob Dylan, released on November 17, 2023, through Columbia Records and Legacy Recordings.

text:
# The Complete Budokan 1978

***The Complete Budokan 1978*** is a box set of 1978 live recordings by Bob Dylan, released on November 17, 2023, through Columbia Records and Legacy Recordings.

## Background and packaging

Recorded on February 28 and March 1, 1978, the concerts took place at the Nippon Budokan, Tokyo as a multi-show kickoff of his 1978 world tour. The recording features audio from two of the shows for the live album *Bob Dylan at Budokan* (1978). The collection features a set of four discs with all the songs, all restored, remixed, and remastered, played on the two nights at the Budokan.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings
| Aggregate scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| Metacritic | 79/100 |
| Review scores | |
| Source | Rating |
| *Classic Rock* |  |
| *Exclaim!* | 8/10 |
| *Mojo* |  |
| *Pitchfork* | 6.1/10 |
| *Uncut* |  |

At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from professional critics, the album received an average score of 79 based on eight reviews, indicating "universal acclaim". Vish Khanna of *Exclaim!* opined that the album is proof that "less is more" does not necessarily apply here as "the whole story can in fact be worth more than selected excerpts". Khanna concluded that the concert captures the "first experiential glimmer" of Dylan "as a lost seeker" that is testing "new ideas" as well as "his audience".

Pat Carty at *Classic Rock* drew comparisons with *Elvis in Vegas* for containing "dense, big-band arrangements". Carty thought that the release was "much improved from the original", citing highlights such as "I Threw It All Away" and "Just Like a Woman". While it may not "convert Dylan doubters", it should be an "interesting curio all the same". Stephen Thomas Erlewine at *Pitchfork* thought the album represents Dylan's "latter-day incarnation as a restless and mercurial road warrior" but cannot hide the fact that the album is "just a drag" and feels "often dorky, too". The artist trying to entertain "just winds up as enervation".

## Track listing

All tracks were recorded at the Nippon Budokan Hall in Tokyo, with all tracks on discs 1 and 2 recorded on February 28, 1978, and all tracks on discs 3 and 4 recorded on March 1, 1978.

All tracks are written by Bob Dylan; except where indicated

Disc 1
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "A Hard Rain's a-Gonna Fall" |  | 4:32 |
| 2. | "Repossession Blues" | Roland James | 2:49 |
| 3. | "Mr. Tambourine Man" |  | 5:26 |
| 4. | "I Threw It All Away" |  | 5:25 |
| 5. | "Shelter from the Storm" |  | 4:44 |
| 6. | "Love Minus Zero/No Limit" |  | 4:16 |
| 7. | "Girl from the North Country" |  | 5:02 |
| 8. | "Ballad of a Thin Man" |  | 4:44 |
| 9. | "Maggie's Farm" |  | 5:04 |
| 10. | "To Ramona" |  | 4:40 |
| 11. | "Like a Rolling Stone" |  | 6:33 |
| 12. | "I Shall Be Released" |  | 4:28 |
| 13. | "Is Your Love in Vain?" |  | 5:00 |
| 14. | "Going, Going, Gone" |  | 4:03 |
| Total length: | | | 66:46 |

Disc 2
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "One of Us Must Know (Sooner or Later)" |  | 4:32 |
| 2. | "Blowin' in the Wind" |  | 4:31 |
| 3. | "Just Like a Woman" |  | 5:02 |
| 4. | "Oh, Sister" | Bob Dylan, Jacques Levy | 4:40 |
| 5. | "Simple Twist of Fate" |  | 4:16 |
| 6. | "You're a Big Girl Now" |  | 5:32 |
| 7. | "All Along the Watchtower" |  | 4:13 |
| 8. | "I Want You" |  | 2:31 |
| 9. | "All I Really Want to Do" |  | 3:57 |
| 10. | "Tomorrow Is a Long Time" |  | 4:23 |
| 11. | "Don't Think Twice, It's All Right" |  | 5:08 |
| 12. | "Band Introductions" |  | 2:40 |
| 13. | "It's Alright, Ma (I'm Only Bleeding)" |  | 6:34 |
| 14. | "Forever Young" |  | 7:18 |
| 15. | "The Times They Are A-Changin'" |  | 5:02 |
| Total length: | | | 70:19 |

Disc 3
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "A Hard Rain's A-Gonna Fall" |  | 4:05 |
| 2. | "Love Her with a Feeling" | Tampa Red | 2:52 |
| 3. | "Mr. Tambourine Man" |  | 5:04 |
| 4. | "I Threw It All Away" |  | 5:17 |
| 5. | "Love Minus Zero / No Limit" |  | 4:05 |
| 6. | "Shelter from the Storm" |  | 4:51 |
| 7. | "Girl from the North Country" |  | 4:17 |
| 8. | "Ballad of a Thin Man" |  | 4:48 |
| 9. | "Maggie's Farm" |  | 5:31 |
| 10. | "One More Cup of Coffee (Valley Below)" |  | 3:28 |
| 11. | "Like a Rolling Stone" |  | 6:50 |
| 12. | "I Shall Be Released" |  | 4:23 |
| 13. | "Is Your Love in Vain?" |  | 4:14 |
| 14. | "Going, Going, Gone" |  | 4:04 |
| Total length: | | | 63:49 |

Disc 4
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "One of Us Must Know (Sooner or Later)" |  | 4:44 |
| 2. | "Blowin' in the Wind" |  | 4:35 |
| 3. | "Just Like a Woman" |  | 5:06 |
| 4. | "Oh, Sister" | Dylan, Levy | 4:57 |
| 5. | "I Don't Believe You (She Acts Like We Never Have Met)" |  | 4:23 |
| 6. | "You're a Big Girl Now" |  | 4:58 |
| 7. | "All Along the Watchtower" |  | 3:27 |
| 8. | "I Want You" |  | 2:43 |
| 9. | "All I Really Want Do Do" |  | 3:49 |
| 10. | "Knockin' On Heaven's Door" |  | 4:09 |
| 11. | "The Man In Me" |  | 3:51 |
| 12. | "Band Introductions" |  | 1:56 |
| 13. | "It's Alright, Ma (I'm Only Bleeding)" |  | 6:39 |
| 14. | "Forever Young" |  | 7:50 |
| 15. | "The Times They Are A-Changin'" |  | 5:12 |
| Total length: | | | 68:18 |

## Charts

Chart performance for *The Complete Budokan 1978*
| Chart (2023) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Belgian Albums (Ultratop Flanders) | 49 |
| Japanese Albums (Oricon) | 22 |
| Japanese Hot Albums (*Billboard Japan*) | 20 |
| Scottish Albums (OCC) | 22 |
| Spanish Albums (PROMUSICAE) | 76 |
| UK Album Downloads (OCC) | 6 |

## InfoBox

| The Complete Budokan 1978 | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Live album box set by Bob Dylan | |
| Released | November 17, 2023 (2023-11-17) |
| Recorded | February 28–March 1, 1978 |
| Venue | Nippon Budokan |
| Length | 269:12 |
| Label |  |
| Bob Dylan chronology | |
| *Shadow Kingdom*
(2023) ***The Complete Budokan 1978***
(2023) | |


title: The Crimson Campaign

abstract: The Crimson Campaign is a fantasy novel by American author Brian McClellan, the second book in The Powder Mage trilogy. It was first published by Orbit Books on May 6, 2014, and is the sequel to Promise of Blood (2013). The third and last book, titled The Autumn Republic, was released on February 10, 2015. The audiobook was narrated by Christian Rodska.

text:
# The Crimson Campaign

***The Crimson Campaign*** is a fantasy novel by American author Brian McClellan, the second book in *The Powder Mage* trilogy. It was first published by Orbit Books on May 6, 2014, and is the sequel to *Promise of Blood* (2013). The third and last book, titled *The Autumn Republic*, was released on February 10, 2015. The audiobook was narrated by Christian Rodska.

## Plot

Field Marshal Tamas has committed a brutal coup against Adro's monarchy and is now in open war with the Kez. Cut off behind enemy lines with only a fraction of his army, he must lead his men through northern Kez to safety, meanwhile defending his country against the angry god Kresimir, who wants the head of the man who shot him in the eye.

Taniel Two-Shot, presuming his father to be dead, finds himself the last line of defense against the devastating army of the most powerful god.

## Reception

Review of *The Crimson Campaign* were generally favorable. *Publishers Weekly* referred to the book as a "swirling sequel" and *Staffer’s Book Review* stated it was "just great fun." *Kirkus Reviews* gave a more reserved appraisal stating the "book is less relentlessly inventive than the inaugural volume but still impressively distinctive and pungent…".

Richard Bray, of Fantasy-Faction website, wrote in his review, "In all, *The Crimson Campaign* is the rare middle book of a trilogy that actually kicks its pace up a notch. It's an amazing work, and has the series well-situated for an outstanding finale in *The Autumn Republic* due out next year.

## Books in the series

## InfoBox

The Crimson Campaign
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | Brian McClellan |
| Language | English |
| Series | The Powder Mage trilogy |
| Genre | Fantasy |
| Publisher | Orbit Books |
| Publication date | 6 May 2014 |
| Publication place | United States |
| Media type | Print (hardcover & paperback) |
| Pages | 593 |
| ISBN | 978-0-356-50202-1 |
| Preceded by | *Promise of Blood* |
| Followed by | *The Autumn Republic* |


title: The Cool World (film)

abstract: The Cool World is a 1963 American drama film directed by Shirley Clarke about African-American life in the Royal Pythons, a youth gang in Harlem. In 1994, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".

text:
# The Cool World (film)

***The Cool World*** is a 1963 American drama film directed by Shirley Clarke about African-American life in the Royal Pythons, a youth gang in Harlem. In 1994, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".

## Plot

The plot concerns the obsession of Duke (Hampton Clanton), a 15-year-old member of the gang Royal Pythons, to get a gun from a racketeer named Priest (Carl Lee), in order to become the president of the Pythons and a big shot in Harlem. After their friend Littleman's father was forced out of his apartment, the Pythons take over the place and install Luanne, Python president Blood's girlfriend, as resident prostitute. Discovering that Blood is a heroin addict, Duke assumes leadership of the gang and Luanne becomes his girl. During an outing at Coney Island, however, Luanne vanishes, and Duke returns to Harlem alone.

Priest, who is pursued by his enemies, seeks refugee in the Python headquarter and is allowed to stay. In an ensuing battle with the Wolves, a rival gang, Duke stabs an antagonist. Seeking refuge, he returns to Python headquarter and discovers Priest's corpse. Duke then rushes back home and is apprehended by the police.

Utilizing first-time actors and true-life ghettos for scenery, Shirley Clarke's film dramatizes the life of young gang bangers in 1960s Harlem and transcends its narrative to deliver a vivid picture of inner city life.

## Cast

*The Cool World* stars real Harlem youth and some real gang members:

* Rony Clanton as Hampton Clanton (Duke, a 15-year-old)
* Carl Lee (Priest, a neighborhood gangster, is killed by the Mob)
* Yolanda Rodríguez (LuAnne, a prostitute used by the Royal Pythons)
* Clarence Williams III (Blood, the gang's president)
* Gary Bolling (Littleman, killed by the Wolves, a rival gang)
* Bostic Felton (Rod)
* Joe Oliver (Angel, leader of the Wolves, killed by the Royal Pythons)
* Gloria Foster (Duke's Mom)
* Ted Butler (Mom's lover)
* Marilyn Cox (Priest's woman, a prostitute)
* Antonio Fargas
* The Dizzy Gillespie quintet

## Production

This semi-documentary style movie was produced by soon-to-be documentary filmmaker Frederick Wiseman, directed by Shirley Clarke, and adapted by Clarke and Carl Lee from the 1959 novel *The Cool World* by Warren Miller, with original music was by Mal Waldron and cinematography by Baird Bryant

A play, written by Miller and Robert Rossen based on the novel, was first shown in Philadelphia and then twice at Broadway's Eugene O'Neill Theatre on February 22 and 23, 1960, featuring Raymond St. Jacques, James Earl Jones, Calvin Lockhart, Hilda Simms, and others. The film helped launch Antonio Fargas, Clarence Williams III, Carl Lee, and Gloria Foster, who married Williams three years later.

## Release and reception

*The Cool World* debuted September 2, 1963 at the Venice Film Festival with a running time of 125 minutes. It received a standing ovation and was nominated for the festival's Golden Lion award, as noted in the Sep 4, 1963 *New York Times.* Following its loss to the Italian film *Hands Over the City* (1963), the Sep 18, 1963 *Variety* reported that at least one Italian publication, *Il Messaggero,* decried the judges’ decision.

Early reviews were mixed. While *Variety* commended Clarke for her achievement and *The New York Times* gave a largely positive review, *The Los Angeles Times* expressed disappointment, adding that African Americans were better qualified to make films about their people.

In the Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds positive reviews from six of six of the site's designated top critics. Richard Brody of the *New Yorker* praised the film: "Clarke's images endow the characters' energies with a sculptural grandeur and embrace street life with a keenly attentive, unsentimental avidity." Jonathan Rosenbaum also reviewed it positively: "It certainly had a visceral impact when it first appeared, helped enormously by Baird Bryant's cinematography and Dizzy Gillespie's score."

Currently there is no home video release of the film. Frederick Wiseman owns the rights, and he is unwilling to release a home video version of *The Cool World* or to allow Milestone Films to release it among its Shirley Clarke series. Amy Taubin has, in response, called for a boycott of Wiseman films.

## Soundtrack

The soundtrack to the film was recorded by Dizzy Gillespie and his quintet, and was released as an album of the same name in 1964.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| The Cool World | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | Shirley Clarke |
| Written by | Warren Miller (novel)
Robert Rossen (play)
Shirley Clarke (screenplay) |
| Produced by | Frederick Wiseman |
| Starring | Hampton Clanton
Yolanda Rodríguez
Antonio Fargas
Carl Lee
Clarence Williams III |
| Music by | Mal Waldron (composer)
The Dizzy Gillespie Quintet (performer) |
| Production
company | Wiseman Film Productions |
| Distributed by | Cinema V |
| Release date | * September 2, 1963 (1963-09-02) |
| Running time | 125 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: Oxford Spanish Civil War memorial

abstract: The Oxford Spanish Civil War memorial is a monument in Oxford dedicated to the 31 known local residents who fought on the Republican side of the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) against Nationalist forces. Erected and unveiled in 2017, the memorial is located close to South Park, near the base of Headington Hill by the junction of Headington Road and Morrell Avenue. The memorial is dedicated to all the volunteers with links to Oxfordshire who supported the Republicans and inscribed onto the front are the names of the six volunteers in the International Brigades who were killed during the war. Although the memorial was dedicated to 31 local people who fought in Spain, historians have since discovered two more. One of them was Charlie Hutchison, the only known black man among the approximate 2,500 antifascist volunteers from the British Isles, and the other a German-Jewish refugee called Liesel Carritt.

text:
# Oxford Spanish Civil War memorial

The **Oxford Spanish Civil War memorial** is a monument in Oxford dedicated to the 31 known local residents who fought on the Republican side of the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) against Nationalist forces. Erected and unveiled in 2017, the memorial is located close to South Park, near the base of Headington Hill by the junction of Headington Road and Morrell Avenue. The memorial is dedicated to all the volunteers with links to Oxfordshire who supported the Republicans and inscribed onto the front are the names of the six volunteers in the International Brigades who were killed during the war.

Although the memorial was dedicated to 31 local people who fought in Spain, historians have since discovered two more. One of them was Charlie Hutchison, the only known black man among the approximate 2,500 antifascist volunteers from the British Isles, and the other a German-Jewish refugee called Liesel Carritt.

## Commemorated dead

On the front of the memorial, the names of the six killed are inscribed:

## Background

During the Spanish Civil War, 29 British people with connections to Oxfordshire joined the International Brigades, with two others joining POUM. Most of the volunteers were communist activists, and many had links to Britain's Jewish communities. Alongside organisations raising funds for Spanish humanitarian causes, Oxford was a hub for anti-fascist activism, homes within the county housed hundreds of Basque refugee children. Various physical fights broke out between anti-fascist activists and the Oxford University Fascist Association, with Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) activist Abe Lazarus successfully organising Oxford students to break up fascist meetings. Many of the local anti-fascist volunteers who survived and returned became influential in various professions including professors, surgeons, human rights activists and trade union leaders.

Oxfordshire was a hub for anti-fascist and Spanish Republican activism during the 1930s, with links to activists including; Olympic gold medalist, Lewis Clive, founder of Britain's first union for working class nurses Thora Silverthorne, biographer of Lenin and Genghis Khan Ralph Winston Fox, photographer Alec Wainman, the only CPGB communist to sit in the House of Lords Baron Milford, Communist organiser and filmmaker Carl Marzani, Communist leader Claud Cockburn, Marxist historian Tom Wintringham, and journalist Giles Romilly.

The six volunteers who died during the war are named on the front, however the monument was built to commemorate all 31 known volunteers with links to Oxfordshire. Since the monument's construction in 2017 two more historical figures have been discovered, including the German-Jewish refugee Liesel Carritt, and the black-British anti-fascist Charlie Hutchison.

## Planning and council conflict

In 2014 an appeal was launched to raise funds for a memorial to be built within Oxford to honour International Brigade volunteers with links to Oxfordshire. Much of the funding for the memorial was generated by the sale of the book *No Other Way: Oxfordshire and the Spanish Civil War 1936–39*, a compilation of research by several local historians with oversight from Oxford University professor Tom Buchanan. Other sources of funding included branches organisations including the Labour party, Green Party, Communist Party of Britain, National Union of Journalists, Unison, Trades Union Congress, and educational institutions including Ruskin College and The Queen's College.

The current location was settled on after Oxford City Council rejected two proposals: the first was for the monument to be erected in Bonn Square in the city centre, and the second, on a site adjacent to the main Oxford War Memorial near St Giles' Church. Liberal Democrat councillors opposed the suggested locations and the creation of the monument was also opposed by heritage groups, including the Oxford Preservation Trust because it was felt to be out of character with the surrounding conservation area and the London Place Residents' Association. The current placement of the memorial was the third proposed location. Some objected to the memorial because it did not honour "both sides... in a spirit of reconciliation and forgiveness", and called the design "aggressive towards the memory of the victims of conflict". Liberal Democrat councillor Elizabeth Wade opposed each proposed location for a monument in Oxford, although she claimed she was never opposed in principle. She described the second proposal on St Giles' near Oxford's First and Second World War memorials as “aggressive and triumphalist”. Describing herself as a historian and speaking to the *Oxford Mail*, she then opposed the third and current location because she believed a monument with a red flag would glorify communism, despite no red flag ever being proposed to appear on the monument. A writer in the communist *Morning Star* labelled opponents of the memorial as NIMBYs.

## Further reading

51°45′05″N 1°14′15″W / 51.75134°N 1.23742°W / 51.75134; -1.23742

## InfoBox

| Oxford Spanish Civil War memorial | |
| --- | --- |
| Oxford, England | |
|  | |
| For International Brigades | |
| Unveiled | 10 June 2017 |
| Location | 51°45′4.81″N 01°14′14.73″W / 51.7513361°N 1.2374250°W / 51.7513361; -1.2374250
East Oxford, Headington Hill |
| Designed by | Charlie Carter |
| Burials by war | |
| Spanish Civil War | |
| "In memory of the 31 men and women of Oxfordshire who defended democracy and fought fascism in the Spanish Civil War of 1936 to 1939 and the people of the County who gave them support.
Six were killed in action.
'We came because our open eyes could see no other way.'
C Day Lewis" | |


title: The Comic Bible

abstract: The Comic Bible stand UP and read THIS is a comedy news magazine covering all aspects of the comedy and entertainment industry in the U.S. and worldwide. It features comedy and entertainment news, insider information, global comedy event coverage, reviews, tips, listings, resources, and interviews with celebrities, comedians, and industry professionals. The Comic Bible magazine was founded in 1994 by MaryAnn Pierro and is now published by PMS Productions, Inc..

text:
# The Comic Bible

***The Comic Bible*** *stand UP and read THIS* is a comedy news magazine covering all aspects of the comedy and entertainment industry in the U.S. and worldwide. It features comedy and entertainment news, insider information, global comedy event coverage, reviews, tips, listings, resources, and interviews with celebrities, comedians, and industry professionals. *The Comic Bible* magazine was founded in 1994 by MaryAnn Pierro and is now published by PMS Productions, Inc..

## Overview

*The Comic Bible* magazine gained immediate recognition in the early 1990s as the only publication dedicated entirely to the comedy industry. It provided comedy entertainment coverage and resources for the industry. The first issues of the Comic Bible appeared in booklet form and contained comedy club listings, basic tips and advice. It then became a 5.5 x 8.5 inch perfect bound publication (Library of Congress ISSN 1095-1105, 1997). The Comic Bible Magazine also sponsored and produced several high-profile comedy events. Under the banner of its “Laughter for a Good Cause” program, The Comic Bible Magazine brought awareness to charitable causes. In association with Caroline's Comedy Club, NYC, The Comic Bible Magazine also produced “Sketch Off” sketch comedy competition, and the “Funny Shorts Film Festival.” The events also featured live sketches and short films produced by The Comic Bible. In 2000, the print publication expanded into a larger 8.5 x 11 inch format and ‘The Comic Bible’ became a registered trademark (USTPO serial #76050399).

In 2010, PMS Productions branded Comic Bible Books and released the first of a four volume series: “Celebrity Comics Babble – A Romp Through a Red Carpet of Interviews” (ISBN 9780982928202). This volume contains over thirty celebrity interviews compiled from The Comic Bible Magazine.

## Current

Returning in 2011 with a new 136-page publication printed quarterly, *The Comic Bible* magazine (bipad: 26506) remains dedicated to the comedy industry. It continues to feature regular columns from renowned comedy experts and professionals in comedy-related fields. Industry resources, coverage of worldwide comedy events, comedy listings (comedy clubs, festivals), reviews, interviews with comedy talent and professional profiles are also in each issue of The Comic Bible Magazine. \[see "Celebrity Interviews" below\].

Extending its presence to the internet, *The Comic Bible* magazine offers online content with a content-driven blog and an online video presence with Comic Bible TV. In 2011, *The Comic Bible* magazine released The Comic Bible Magazine app, containing resources and issue content from *The Comic Bible* magazine's back issue catalog. In 2012, the full version of each current issue also became available to the mobile market.

*The Comic Bible* magazine also takes an active role in supporting the comedy industry through media sponsorship of comedy events and productions worldwide.

## Celebrity Interviews

(Partial List)

* Bill Bailey "Dandelion MINDS" (Volume 4 Issue 2)
* Lewis Black
* Elayne Boosler
* J. Anthony Brown "The J Spot" (Volume 4 Issue 1)
* Kay Cannon "Brings a Little Hunk of *30 Rock*" (Volume 4 Issue 1)
* Darren Carter "The Scoop With..." (Volume 4 Issue 2)
* Tommy Chong
* Bobby Collins "Telling It Like It Is" (Volume 5 Issue 2)
* Tommy Davidson
* Chris D'Elia "From Stage to TV's Whitney" (Volume 5 Issue 1)
* *Travel Channel's* Evan & Gareth "On Mancations" (Volume 4 Issue 1)
* Judah Friedlander "World Champion" (Volume 4 Issue 2)
* Rich Fulcher "Talks Words" (Volume 5 Issue 2)
* Jim Gaffigan "Journeyman" (Volume 4 Issue 1)
* Anne-Marie Johnson "SAG-AFTRA Merger: The Invisible Debate" (Volume 5 Issue 2)
* Jo Koy "On *Lights Out*" (Volume 5 Issue 2)
* Marc Maron "This is Him..." (Volume 5 Issue 1)
* Heather McDonald "Always Having a Ball" (Volume 4 Issue 2)
* Bonnie McFarlane
* Tim Minchin "Behind the Mind Of" (Volume 5 Issue 1)
* Jackie Monahan "Is an Alien" (Volume 4 Issue 1)
* Tracy Morgan
* Nyambi Nyambi "Loving Mike and Molly" (Volume 5 Issue 2)
* Paul Provenza "In the Green Room" (Volume 4 Issue 1)
* Ray Romano
* Pauly Shore "Out of Weaseling...Into Vegas" (Volume 4 Issue 2)
* Wanda Sykes
* Alan Thicke "Still Booming" (Volume 5 Issue 1)
* Patrick Warburton "The Busiest Actor in Hollywood?" (Volume 5 Issue 1)

### Sources

## InfoBox

*The Comic Bible*
| Categories | Comedy, News |
| --- | --- |
| Frequency | Quarterly |
| Publisher | PMS Productions, Inc. |
| Founder | MaryAnn Pierro |
| Founded | 1994 |
| Country | USA |
| Language | English |
| Website | www.thecomicbible.com |
| ISSN | 1095-1105 |


title: The Desert Song

abstract: The Desert Song is an operetta with music by Sigmund Romberg and book and lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II, Otto Harbach and Frank Mandel. It was inspired by the 1925 uprising of the Riffs, a group of Berber fighters, against French colonial rule in Morocco. It was also inspired by stories of Lawrence of Arabia aiding native guerrillas. Many tales romanticizing Saharan North Africa were in vogue, including Beau Geste and The Son of the Sheik. Originally titled "Lady Fair", after successful out-of-town tryouts in Wilmington, Delaware, and Boston, Massachusetts, the original Broadway production opened at the Casino Theatre on November 30, 1926, and ran for a very successful 465 performances. It starred Vivienne Segal as Margot Bonvalet and Edmund Elton as General Birabeau. The piece enjoyed a London production and was revived on Broadway in 1946 and 1973. In the 1980s, it was played regularly by the Light Opera of Manhattan and revived by the New York City Opera. It is a popular piece for community light opera groups. The story is a version of plots such as The Scarlet Pimpernel, Zorro and later Superman, where a hero adopts a mild-mannered disguise to keep his true identity a secret. He loves a beautiful and spirited girl, who loves his hero persona but does not know his real personality, which he keeps hidden under the milquetoast facade.

text:
# The Desert Song

***The Desert Song*** is an operetta with music by Sigmund Romberg and book and lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II, Otto Harbach and Frank Mandel. It was inspired by the 1925 uprising of the Riffs, a group of Berber fighters, against French colonial rule in Morocco. It was also inspired by stories of Lawrence of Arabia aiding native guerrillas. Many tales romanticizing Saharan North Africa were in vogue, including *Beau Geste* and *The Son of the Sheik*.

Originally titled "Lady Fair", after successful out-of-town tryouts in Wilmington, Delaware, and Boston, Massachusetts, the original Broadway production opened at the Casino Theatre on November 30, 1926, and ran for a very successful 465 performances. It starred Vivienne Segal as Margot Bonvalet and Edmund Elton as General Birabeau. The piece enjoyed a London production and was revived on Broadway in 1946 and 1973. In the 1980s, it was played regularly by the Light Opera of Manhattan and revived by the New York City Opera. It is a popular piece for community light opera groups.

The story is a version of plots such as *The Scarlet Pimpernel*, *Zorro* and later *Superman*, where a hero adopts a mild-mannered disguise to keep his true identity a secret. He loves a beautiful and spirited girl, who loves his hero persona but does not know his real personality, which he keeps hidden under the milquetoast facade.

## Productions and film versions

The leading man in the original Broadway production was Scottish baritone Richard Halliday and the heroine, Vivienne Segal. It was directed by Arthur Hurley and choreographed by Bobby Connolly, who was later to choreograph the classic 1939 film *The Wizard of Oz*. In the 1927 London production at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane the leading roles were taken by Harry Welchman and Edith Day, and numerous excerpts were recorded with the London cast supported by the Drury Lane orchestra and chorus under conductor Herman Finck. The show was briefly revived on Broadway in 1946 (at New York City Center) and 1973.

In the 1970s and 1980s, the Light Opera of Manhattan mounted the operetta several times. To celebrate the centennial of Romberg's birth in 1987, New York City Opera staged a lavish production with Richard White and Linda Michele. *The Desert Song* is still occasionally performed and has been made into a motion picture four times, though the second version was a short subject, rather than a feature-length film. All film versions were made by Warner Brothers.

In 1929, a lavish film with Technicolor sequences starred John Boles and Myrna Loy. This version was scrupulously faithful to, and captured the spirit of, the original Broadway production and became a hit. By the 1940s, the 1929 film could not be shown in the United States because of its Pre-Code content, which included sexual innuendo, suggestive humor and open discussion of themes such as homosexuality. Apparently, the Technicolor sequences have survived only in black-and-white. To capitalize on the success of the original picture, in 1932 Warner Bros. released *The Red Shadow,* a 19-minute black-and-white short consisting chiefly of musical numbers. This film, which has been restored, was directed by Roy Mack, and starred Alexander Gray and Bernice Claire.

A second feature film was made in 1943. The plot was altered to have the hero fighting the Nazis. Filmed entirely in three-strip Technicolor, it starred Dennis Morgan and Irene Manning. A third color feature version was made in 1953, with most of the adult themes and humor being removed or "sanitized". This version altered the plot to make General Birabeau the father of Margot, rather than the father of the Red Shadow, as in the play. It starred Kathryn Grayson and Gordon MacRae, and featured Allyn McLerie as Azuri. Both the 1943 and the 1953 films changed the hero's name from the Red Shadow to El Khobar. In the 1953 version, El Khobar's disguise was that of a mild-mannered Latin teacher who tutored Margot and had to fend off her amorous advances (which were fairly discreet by modern standards). Also in 1953, all the singing was done by El Khobar, Margot and the male chorus. None of the other characters in the film sing.

Another sanitized version was adapted for live television in 1955 (with Nelson Eddy, Gale Sherwood and Salvatore Baccaloni as Ali Ben Ali). One of the writers brought in to shorten and modernize some risque dialogue was the young Neil Simon.

## Roles

* Sid El Kar (tenor)
* Hassi (baritone)
* Mindar
* Benjamin Kidd (comic baritone)
* Captain Paul Fontaine (baritone or tenor)
* Azuri (mezzo-soprano)
* Margot Bonvalet (soprano)
* General Birabeau (baritone)
* Pierre Birabeau/Red Shadow (lyric baritone)
* Susan (soprano or mezzo-soprano)
* Ali Ben Ali (bass)
* Clementina
* Hadji
* Chorus of Riffs, soldiers and inhabitants of the fortress

## Synopsis

French General Birabeau has been sent to Morocco to root out and destroy the Riffs, a band of desert rebels, who threaten the safety of the French outpost in the Moroccan desert. Their dashing, daredevil leader is the mysterious "Red Shadow", a Frenchman. The Red Shadow, his Berber lieutenant, Sid El Kar, and their wealthy host, Ali Ben Ali, discuss the relative merits of the Eastern tradition of love for a harem of women (like having a garden full of fragrant flowers), and the Western ideal of loving one woman for life. Margot Bonvalet, a lovely, sassy French girl, is soon to be married at the French fort to Birabeau's right-hand man, Captain Fontaine. Birabeau's son Pierre, in reality the Red Shadow, loves Margot, but pretends to be a milksop to preserve his secret identity. Meanwhile, Benny, a reporter, and Susan, the girl who loves him, provide comic relief.

Margot tells Pierre that she secretly yearns to be swept into the arms of some bold, dashing sheik, perhaps even the Red Shadow himself. Pierre, as the Red Shadow, kidnaps Margot and declares his love for her. To her surprise, Margot's mysterious abductor treats her with every Western consideration. Benny and Susan are captured too. When the Red Shadow comes face to face with General Birabeau, the old man challenges the rebel leader to a duel. Of course Pierre will not kill his own father, so he refuses to fight, losing the respect of the Riffs. Azuri, a sinuous and secretive native dancing girl, who knows the secret of the Red Shadow's true identity, might be persuaded to reveal the information if she could capture the attention of Captain Fontaine. Eventually, the Red Shadow's identity is discovered, a deal is struck with the Riffs, and Pierre and Margot live happily ever after.

## Musical numbers

Early versions of the show also included "Dreaming In Paradise", "Ali-Up", and "Love's Dear Yearning". A couple of Romberg's songs like "It" with comic lyrics by Edward Smith referencing Elinor Glyn were interpolated.

Two songs from *The Desert Song* are among the operetta and Broadway musical songs lampooned in the 1959 musical *Little Mary Sunshine*. "The Riff Song" and "The Desert Song" are the respective targets of "The Forest Rangers" (it also parodies several other "gallant warriors" songs, such as "Stout-Hearted Men"). "The Desert Song," a hero-sings-to-heroine waltz, is parodied by "You're the Fairest Flower," another hero-sings-to-heroine waltz.

## Recordings

No original Broadway cast recording was made, but the 1927 London cast recorded eight selections for EMI. These 78-RPM records have been transferred to CD on the Pearl Label. Decca made an album in 1944 with Kitty Carlisle, Felix Knight and Wilbur Evans, covering 10 selections from the score. This was released on CD, paired with *The New Moon*. Earl Wrightson starred in Al Goodman's 1948 recording for RCA Victor. This has not been released on CD.

A more complete recording starring Nelson Eddy was made by Columbia Records in 1953. This was the preferred recording of this score on LP until the end of the vinyl era. It was re-released on compact disc. Around the same time, Gordon MacRae and Lucille Norman recorded a 10-inch LP of the score for Capitol \[L-351\], which was reissued on 12-inch LPs in 1968 \[MFP-1184 (UK)\] and re-released on CD in 2010 \[Hallmark 707902\]. This recording is also available on CD paired with *Roberta*. Kathryn Grayson recorded selections with Tony Martin on a 10-inch record for RCA Victor in 1952. A mostly complete 1958 studio cast album with Giorgio Tozzi and Kathy Barr, conducted by Lehman Engel, was released by RCA Victor and is available on CD. A 1959 British studio cast album stars Edmund Hockeridge and June Bronhill. It has also been reissued on CD. Victor also recorded Mario Lanza in highlights from the score. Released in 1959 shortly after the singer's death, it became one of his best-selling LPs and is available on CD, paired with *The Student Prince*.

In 1963 as part of a series of stereo recordings of classic operettas, Capitol released a recording of the score with MacRae and Dorothy Kirsten. Most of it can be heard on the 1990 EMI CD *Music of Sigmund Romberg*, along with selections from *The Student Prince* and *The New Moon*. Also in 1963, *Reader's Digest* included a selection in their album *A Treasury of Great Operettas*. Artists included Anna Moffo and William Lewis. This stereo recording is also available on CD.

## InfoBox

| *The Desert Song* | |
| --- | --- |
| Original Sheet Music (cropped) | |
| Music | Sigmund Romberg |
| Lyrics | Otto Harbach and Oscar Hammerstein II |
| Book | Oscar Hammerstein II, Otto Harbach and Frank Mandel |
| Productions | 1926 Broadway<br>1987 New York City Opera |


title: The Banshees (band)

abstract: The Banshees were an American garage rock band formed in Chicago, Illinois, in 1966. The group is best remembered for its sole single, featuring the dissonant proto-punk anthem, "Project Blue". The song has become a classic of the musical genre of garage rock and is featured prominently on several compilation albums. The group's origins trace back to the Fugitives, which were configured in 1962. By 1965, after some personnel changes, the band was known as the Prophets, and had begun recording promos for Columbia Records, along with demos of "Project Blue" and its eventual B-side "Free". The line-up consisted of Frank Bucaro, Ron Rouse, Rick Notolini, Tom Leetzow (drums), and John Smead, with Bucaro and Rouse being the leaders of the Prophets. Record producer Bill Traut just happened to be listening to the group recording their demo of "Project Blue" and immediately signed the band to a recording contract. Traut renamed the Prophets to the Banshees, and replaced the inexperienced Notolini with local Chicago musician, Peter Sheldon. The resulting officially-released version of "Project Blue" is a surprisingly raw and cathartic exercise in primal blues-based proto-punk, featuring a distorted three-note guitar riff its center, that is repeated relentlessly throughout the song and set to a pounding beat, punctuated by agonizing yelps and screams supplied by vocalist Bucaro. The lesser-known flip-side "Free" was a soothing ballad, which stands in marked contrast to the relative "shock therapy" of its A-side predecessor. "Project Blue" was released in June 1966 on Dunwich Records. Although both Rouse and Bucaro co-wrote its two sides, only Rouse's name is featured on the single because he was the only one who was 21 years-old. The song became a popular fixture in the Banshees' live repertoire as they regularly performed in Illinois venues the New Place, the Alamo, and the Cellar, among others. It was the only surviving recording by the group as they disbanded in early 1967. Since its initial release, "Project Blue" has been recognized as a garage rock classic. Among the compilation albums it has been featured on, include Oh Yeah! The Best of Dunwich Records, Pebbles, Volume 9, and Mindrocker, Volume 2. However, "Free" has yet to be reissued on any album. According to the liner notes of Oh Yeah!, Bucaro, who supplied the "lead scream" to "Project Blue", later became a Catholic priest.

text:
# The Banshees (band)

**The Banshees** were an American garage rock band formed in Chicago, Illinois, in 1966. The group is best remembered for its sole single, featuring the dissonant proto-punk anthem, "Project Blue". The song has become a classic of the musical genre of garage rock and is featured prominently on several compilation albums.

The group's origins trace back to the Fugitives, which were configured in 1962. By 1965, after some personnel changes, the band was known as the Prophets, and had begun recording promos for Columbia Records, along with demos of "Project Blue" and its eventual B-side "Free". The line-up consisted of Frank Bucaro (lead vocals, harmonica), Ron Rouse (lead guitar), Rick Notolini (bass guitar), Tom Leetzow (drums), and John Smead (rhythm guitar), with Bucaro and Rouse being the leaders of the Prophets.

Record producer Bill Traut just happened to be listening to the group recording their demo of "Project Blue" and immediately signed the band to a recording contract. Traut renamed the Prophets to the Banshees, and replaced the inexperienced Notolini with local Chicago musician, Peter Sheldon. The resulting officially-released version of "Project Blue" is a surprisingly raw and cathartic exercise in primal blues-based proto-punk, featuring a distorted three-note guitar riff its center, that is repeated relentlessly throughout the song and set to a pounding beat, punctuated by agonizing yelps and screams supplied by vocalist Bucaro. The lesser-known flip-side "Free" was a soothing ballad, which stands in marked contrast to the relative "shock therapy" of its A-side predecessor.

"Project Blue" was released in June 1966 on Dunwich Records. Although both Rouse and Bucaro co-wrote its two sides, only Rouse's name is featured on the single because he was the only one who was 21 years-old. The song became a popular fixture in the Banshees' live repertoire as they regularly performed in Illinois venues the New Place, the Alamo, and the Cellar, among others. It was the only surviving recording by the group as they disbanded in early 1967. Since its initial release, "Project Blue" has been recognized as a garage rock classic. Among the compilation albums it has been featured on, include *Oh Yeah! The Best of Dunwich Records*, *Pebbles, Volume 9*, and *Mindrocker, Volume 2*. However, "Free" has yet to be reissued on any album. According to the liner notes of *Oh Yeah!*, Bucaro, who supplied the "lead scream" to "Project Blue", later became a Catholic priest.

## Members

## Discography


title: Millie Robinson

abstract: Mildred Jessie "Millie" Robinson was an Irish-born Manx road and track cyclist. Winner of multiple British time trial and road racing championships in the 1950s, she was also the winner of the first Tour de France Féminin in 1955, and broke the world women's hour record in 1958.

text:
# Millie Robinson

**Mildred Jessie "Millie" Robinson** (3 December 1924 - 23 January 1994) was an Irish-born Manx road and track cyclist. Winner of multiple British time trial and road racing championships in the 1950s, she was also the winner of the first Tour de France Féminin in 1955, and broke the world women's hour record in 1958.

## Early life

Robinson was one of nine children (six boys and three girls) born to Thomas and Sarah Robinson in County Mayo, Ireland. In 1935, the family relocated to Peel on the Isle of Man, where she attended the Peel Clothworkers School. During World War II, Millie Robinson served as a Land Girl and met Ann King; the two became members of a cycling club, Manx Viking Wheelers.

## Cycle racing career

From 1949, Robinson began riding seriously, competing in local grass track events, and in 1949, winning the first Manx 25-mile time trial organised for women by more than five minutes; the following year she won the first Ellan Vannin CC 25 during the Isle of Man Cycling Week. She was also regularly competing in time trials on the UK mainland, while also occasionally racing on the Isle of Man's only velodrome, at Onchan.

In late 1954, King and Robinson moved to Leeds, where Robinson drove a van for her brother’s haulage business (she later moved to Nottingham working as a wheel builder for Raleigh). She won the first of three consecutive national 25-mile time trial titles in 1955.

Travelling to France in July 1955, she won the second stage and was overall winner of the three-stage Circuit Féminin Lyonnais-Auvergne, France's first women's stage race. In October 1955, in a team managed by Eileen Gray, Robinson was also the winner of the first Tour de France Féminin, then a five-day stage race held in Normandy. Robinson attacked alone to win the fourth stage to Gournay-en-Bray, finishing 13 seconds ahead of the peloton to take the overall lead. She then won the final stage, an individual time trial, to take overall victory from team-mate June Thackeray by half a minute. (While the Circuit Féminin Lyonnais-Auvergne was expanded, it was 30 years before the next Tour de France Féminin.)

In 1956 she won the first National Cyclists' Union-accredited road race national championship and an international road race in Harrogate.

In 1958, she broke the British women's hour record at the Fallowfield Stadium in Manchester, and on 25 September that year, broke the women's world hour record (plus the 10km and 20km records) at the Velodromo Vigorelli in Milan, achieving a distance of 39.718 km (24.680 mi), beating the old record by 1.149 km (0.714 mi). She also won the 1958 British Best All-Rounder time trial competition, receiving the award in front of a 6,000 strong audience at London's Royal Albert Hall.

Overlooked for the 1958 world championships, she competed at the 1959 UCI Road World Championships in the women's road race event, finishing 7th, two places behind fellow Briton Beryl Burton. She had earlier been second in the 1959 British women's road race championship.

## Later life

In 1960, Robinson returned to the Isle of Man. She worked in a sign-writing and poster-making business in Douglas until the 1970s, then later worked as a prison warden on the women's wing of Victoria Road Prison. Diagnosed with cancer in the 1990s, she died on 23 January 1994, aged 69.

## InfoBox

Millie Robinson
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1924-12-03)3 December 1924
County Mayo, Ireland |
| Died | 23 January 1994(1994-01-23) (aged 69)
Isle of Man |
| Team information | |
| Discipline | Road and track |
| Role | Rider |
| Major wins | |
| Road Tour de France Féminin (1955) Track Women's world hour record (1958) | |
|  | |


title: Math Country

abstract: Math Country is an instructional television program produced by Kentucky Educational Television, in the late 1970s. The show taught elementary math concepts and featured actor Ray Walston as a ghost named Lionel Hardway who inhabits the family farm, now lived in and ran by his descendants, helping them with various math problems, and sometimes getting involved in side stories involving the living members of the Hardway family. Episodes were roughly 15 minutes in length and were broadcast on educational and public television channels during the school year. Each broadcast was usually followed by a short called "Math Country Plus", which usually dealt with how a girl in school figured out how to solve problems on her own, using her own creativity and intellect, played by two actors who interacted with the girl on a fantasy set to represent the inside of the girl's head.

text:
# Math Country

***Math Country*** is an instructional television program produced by Kentucky Educational Television, in the late 1970s.

The show taught elementary math concepts and featured actor Ray Walston as a ghost named Lionel Hardway who inhabits the family farm, now lived in and ran by his descendants, helping them with various math problems, and sometimes getting involved in side stories involving the living members of the Hardway family.

Episodes were roughly 15 minutes in length (design for use during limited classroom time) and were broadcast on educational and public television channels during the school year.

Each broadcast was usually followed by a short called "Math Country Plus", which usually dealt with how a girl in school figured out how to solve problems on her own, using her own creativity and intellect, played by two actors who interacted with the girl on a fantasy set to represent the inside of the girl's head.


title: Short-sea shipping

abstract: The modern terms short-sea shipping, marine highway and motorways of the sea, as well as the more historical terms coastal trade, coastal shipping, coasting trade and coastwise trade, all encompass the movement of cargo and passengers mainly by sea along a coast, without crossing an ocean. Short-sea shipping is the term used by the European Commission and commonly throughout the European Union. Many English-speaking countries have used the British terms coasting trade and coastwise trade. The United States maintained these term from its colonial era, including for domestic slave trade that shipped slaves by water from the Upper South to major markets, especially New Orleans. The US and began regulating general coasting trade as early as 1793, with "An act for enrolling and licensing ships and vessels to be employed in the coasting trade and fisheries, and for regulating the same", which passed Congress on February 18 of that year. Over the years, it has been codified as Title 46 of the United States Code, Chapter 551, "Coastwise Trade". Some short-sea ship vessels are small enough to travel inland on inland waterways. Short-sea shipping includes the movements of wet and dry bulk cargoes, containers and passengers around the coast. Typical ship sizes range from 1,000 DWT to 15,000 DWT with drafts ranging from around 3 to 6 m. Typical cargoes include grain, fertilisers, steel, coal, salt, stone, scrap, minerals, and oil products, containers, and passengers. In Europe, short-sea shipping is at the forefront of the European Union's transportation policy. It currently accounts for roughly 40% of all freight moved in Europe. In the US, short-sea shipping has yet to be used to the extent it is in Europe, but there is some development. The main advantages promoted for this type of shipping are alleviation of congestion, decrease of air pollution, and overall cost savings to the shipper and a government. Shipping goods by ship is far more efficient and cost-effective than road transport and is much less prone to theft and damage. Roughly 40% of all freight moved in Europe is classified as short-sea shipping, but the greater percentage of this cargo moves through Europe’s heartland on rivers and not oceans. In the past decade, the term short-sea shipping has evolved in a broader sense to include point-to-point cargo movements on inland waterways as well as inland to ocean ports for shipment over oceans. The contrasting terms deep-sea shipping, intercontinental shipping and ocean shipping refer to maritime traffic that crosses oceans. Short-sea shipping is also distinct from inland navigation, notably between two cities along a river.

text:
# Short-sea shipping

The modern terms **short-sea shipping** (sometimes unhyphenated), **marine highway** and **motorways of the sea**, as well as the more historical terms **coastal trade**, **coastal shipping**, **coasting trade** and **coastwise trade**, all encompass the movement of cargo and passengers mainly by sea along a coast, without crossing an ocean.

*Short-sea shipping* (or a translation thereof) is the term used by the European Commission and commonly throughout the European Union. Many English-speaking countries have used the British terms *coasting trade* and *coastwise trade*.

The United States maintained these term from its colonial era, including for domestic slave trade that shipped slaves by water from the Upper South to major markets, especially New Orleans. The US and began regulating general coasting trade as early as 1793, with "An act for enrolling and licensing ships and vessels to be employed in the coasting trade and fisheries, and for regulating the same", which passed Congress on February 18 of that year. Over the years, it has been codified as Title 46 of the United States Code, Chapter 551 (46 USC Ch. 551), "Coastwise Trade".

Some short-sea ship vessels are small enough to travel inland on inland waterways. Short-sea shipping includes the movements of wet and dry bulk cargoes, containers and passengers around the coast (say from Lisbon to Rotterdam or from New Orleans to Philadelphia). Typical ship sizes range from 1,000 DWT (tonnes deadweight – i.e., the amount of cargo they carry) to 15,000 DWT with drafts ranging from around 3 to 6 m (10 to 20 ft). Typical (and mostly bulk) cargoes include grain, fertilisers, steel, coal, salt, stone, scrap, minerals, and oil products (such as diesel oil, kerosene, and aviation fuel), containers, and passengers.

In Europe, short-sea shipping is at the forefront of the European Union's transportation policy. It currently accounts for roughly 40% of all freight moved in Europe. In the US, short-sea shipping has yet to be used to the extent it is in Europe, but there is some development. The main advantages promoted for this type of shipping are alleviation of congestion, decrease of air pollution, and overall cost savings to the shipper and a government. Shipping goods by ship (one 4,000 DWT vessel is equivalent to between 100–200 trucks) is far more efficient and cost-effective than road transport (though the goods, if bound inland, have to be transferred and delivered by truck) and is much less prone to theft and damage.

Roughly 40% of all freight moved in Europe is classified as short-sea shipping, but the greater percentage of this cargo moves through Europe’s heartland on rivers and not oceans. In the past decade, the term *short-sea shipping* has evolved in a broader sense to include point-to-point cargo movements on inland waterways as well as inland to ocean ports for shipment over oceans.

The contrasting terms *deep-sea shipping*, *intercontinental shipping* and *ocean shipping* refer to maritime traffic that crosses oceans. Short-sea shipping is also distinct from inland navigation, notably between two cities along a river.

## Europe

In Europe, the main hub of short-sea shipping is Rotterdam, which is the largest European port, with Antwerp as a second. The Netherlands plays an important role in this, having developed a hybrid vessel designed to navigate the sea as well as the Rhine into the Ruhrgebiet. The Dutch and Belgian main waterways (Maas, Waal, Amsterdam-Rhine Canal, Scheldt) locks and bridges are built accordingly. Because of congestion in the larger ports, a number of smaller (container)ports have been developed, and the same goes for the Rhine-ports such as Duisburg and Dortmund in Germany. The ports of Hamburg, Felixstowe (now the largest port in the UK), and Le Havre also are significant in this shipping.

In the Netherlands the sector has seen rapid growth, aided by a tax-enabled investment scheme. The traditional region for building "coasters" is the province of Groningen, where most wharfs have side-laying ship slides. The major trend is to have bare hulls made with cheaper labor in Poland or Romania and to finish them in the Netherlands.

The European Commission presented a 35-point action plan in June 2021 to increase the amount of goods moved through Europe's rivers and canals and to speed up the switch to zero-emission barges by 2050. This is in accordance with the Sustainable and Smart Mobility Strategy and the European Green Deal, which set the target of boosting inland canal and short-sea shipping by 25% by 2030 and by 50% by 2050.

## Philippines

In Philippine law, short-sea shipping or coastwise trade is defined as the transport of either merchandise or passengers between two seaports in the Philippines Only vessels with coastwise license secured from and issued by the Maritime Industry Authority can legally engage in coastwise trade in the Philippines. Only vessels with certificate of Philippine registry are eligible for the license. The Philippine coastwise emblem must be hoisted at the main mast of engaged vessels when leaving or entering Philippine seaports.

## US and Canada

Cargo movements on the Great Lakes Waterway and Saint Lawrence Seaway system can be classified as short-sea shipping under this broadening of terminology. The St. Lawrence Seaway Management Corporation of Canada and its US counterpart, the St. Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation, have for the past several years promoted this concept under its marketing umbrella "Hwy H2O". The concept is intended to use existing capacity on the 3,700-kilometer (2,300 mi) St. Lawrence – Great Lakes corridor in harmony with rail and truck modes to reduce overland congestion.

Great Lakes Feeder Lines of Burlington, Ontario, Canada was the first company to operate a "fit for purpose", European-built short-sea shipping vessel, named *Dutch Runner*, on the St. Lawrence Seaway under Canadian flag. During the winter of 2008–2009, it operated a weekly, fixed service between Halifax and St. Pierre et Miquelon, carrying roll-on/roll-off, break bulk, containers, and refrigerated goods. Crew on the ship can load and unload it with the two 35-tonne cranes.

Another Canadian firm, Hamilton-based McKeil Marine, operates a fleet of tug-and-barge combinations; these have has been moving commodities such as tar, fuels, aluminum ingots, and break bulk cargoes for years on the Saint Lawrence Seaway. Along the St. Lawrence River, McKeil Marine transports aluminum ingots from a smelter in Quebec to destinations in Ohio, a distance of 944 nautical miles (1,748 km). One barge carries the equivalent of 220 40-ton trucks.

America's Marine Highway is a program to promote inland and coastal shipping. In 2001 the Port of New York and New Jersey began its Port Inland Distribution Network (PIDN), a project to increase a network of inland points for shipping. Other features include strengthening rail-port connections. It is providing barge service to the Port of Salem in southern New Jersey on the Delaware River. In 2003 it started barge service to the Port of Albany–Rensselaer on the Hudson River in upstate New York, but this was suspended in 2006 after the end of funding for the start-up.


title: Ultramarine lorikeet

abstract: The ultramarine lorikeet is a species of parrot in the family Psittaculidae, endemic to the Marquesas Islands. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest, subtropical or tropical moist montane forest and plantations. It is critically endangered, threatened mainly by introduction of the black rat and by deforestation.

text:
# Ultramarine lorikeet

The **ultramarine lorikeet** (***Vini ultramarina***) is a species of parrot in the family Psittaculidae, endemic to the Marquesas Islands. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest, subtropical or tropical moist montane forest and plantations. It is critically endangered, threatened mainly by introduction of the black rat and by deforestation.

## Distribution and Population

During the 1970s, the bird was still prevalent on its natural range of Fatu Hiva, Ua Pou, Nuku Hiva, and Ua Huka in the Marquesas Islands. However, due to heavy deforestation and predation by the invasive black rat and cat, the ultramarine lorikeet became extinct on Fatu Hiva, Ua Pu, and Nuku Hiva by 2008. Nowadays, the rare bird only remains on Ua Huka. On Ua Huka, the population is estimated to be at about 1,000-2,499 individual birds.

## Ecology

*Vini ultramarina* feeds on a large variety of nectar, pollen, and flowers from various flowering trees. It seems to prefer flowers of the coconut palm and *Hibiscus tiliaceus*. The bird's diet also includes multiple fruits and insects. The ultramarine lorikeet nests in tree cavities, especially in *Artocarpus altilis, Pometia pinnata, Pandanus tectorius, and Hibiscus tiliaceus.* Little else is little known about this rare species.

## Threats

The ultramarine lorikeet is greatly threatened by the predation from the black rat which has greatly decreased its population since its introduction to Nuku Hiva in 1915. All islands have been devastated by extremely high levels of grazing and fire. Most of the original dry forest has been reduced to grassland, and terrible damage has been caused to upland forests as well. Deforestation to make way for farms, logging, and tourism has also had large impact in the decline of its population.

## InfoBox

| Ultramarine lorikeet | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Vini ultramarina* (below), with *Vini peruviana* | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Critically Endangered  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| CITES Appendix I (CITES) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Psittaciformes |
| Family: | Psittaculidae |
| Genus: | *Vini* |
| Species: | ***V. ultramarina*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Vini ultramarina***
(Kuhl, 1820) | |
|


title: The Weakness in Me

abstract: "The Weakness in Me" is a song by Joan Armatrading, from her seventh album Walk Under Ladders, released as a single in the US and Netherlands in November 1981. Despite not charting, the song has become one of Armatrading's better-known songs. Armatrading has said "it's about somebody who has an affair and they've fallen for the person that they're having the affair with, but they love the person they were with whilst they were having the affair."

text:
# The Weakness in Me

**"The Weakness in Me"** is a song by Joan Armatrading, from her seventh album *Walk Under Ladders*, released as a single in the US and Netherlands in November 1981. Despite not charting, the song has become one of Armatrading's better-known songs. Armatrading has said "it's about somebody who has an affair and they've fallen for the person that they're having the affair with, but they love the person they were with whilst they were having the affair."

## B-sides

The single featured as its B-side the original songs "Dollars" and "Crying", which remained unreleased on an album until the reissue of *Walk Under Ladders*.

## Track listings

**7": A&M / 2381-S (US)**

1. "The Weakness in Me" – 3:32
2. "Crying" – 3:28

**7": A&M / AMS 9190 (Netherlands)**

1. "The Weakness in Me" – 3:32
2. "Dollars" – 3:29

**12": A&M / AMS 12.9191 (Netherlands)**

1. "The Weakness in Me" – 3:32
2. "Dollars" – 3:29
3. "Crying" – 3:28
4. "Shine" – 3:49

## Personnel

## Cover versions

* In 1986, actress and singer Karla DeVito covered the song for her second album *Wake 'Em Up in Tokyo*.
* In 1992, punk rock band Thelonius Monster covered the song for their fourth album *Beautiful Mess*.
* In 1993, folk singers Frances Black and Kieran Goss covered the song for their album *Frances Black & Kieran Goss.*
* In 1995, Melissa Etheridge covered the song for the compilation album *Ain't Nuthin' but a She Thing*. The song was then featured on her 2002 DVD concert album *Live... And Alone*. In 2003, Etheridge was nominated with the song for the Grammy Award for Best Female Rock Vocal Performance.
* In 2000, actress Kassie DePaiva covered the song for her debut album *Naked*.
* In 2000, Bob Rowe covered the song for his tribute album *Tom Thumb's Blues – A Tribute to Judy Collins*.
* In 2003, folk singer John Wright covered the song for his sixth album *That's The Way Love Is*.
* In 2005, British singer Keisha White released an R&B version of the song on her debut album *Seventeen.* It had been intended to be the third single from the album but it was not released. The song was then released a year later as the first single from her second album *Out of My Hands*. The song was produced by Lucas Secon and peaked at number 17 on the UK Singles Charts.

## InfoBox

| "The Weakness in Me" | |
| --- | --- |
| 7-inch Netherlands vinyl single | |
| Single by Joan Armatrading | |
| from the album  *Walk Under Ladders* | |
| B-side | "Crying" |
| Released | November 1981 (1981-11) |
| Length | 3:33 |
| Label | A&M |
| Songwriter(s) | Joan Armatrading |
| Producer(s) | Steve Lillywhite |


title: Tour de Selangor

abstract: The Tour de Selangor is an annual professional road bicycle racing stage race held in Malaysia since 2017. The race is part of the UCI Asia Tour and was classified by the International Cycling Union (UCI) as a 2.2 category race.

text:
# Tour de Selangor

The **Tour de Selangor** is an annual professional road bicycle racing stage race held in Malaysia since 2017. The race is part of the UCI Asia Tour and was classified by the International Cycling Union (UCI) as a 2.2 category race.

## Past winners

| Year | Country | Rider | Team |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2017 | Malaysia | Muhamad Zawawi Azman | Team Sapura Cycling |
| 2018 | **No race** | | | |
| 2019 | Australia | Marcus Culey | Team Sapura Cycling |

## InfoBox

Tour de Selangor
| Race details | |
| --- | --- |
| Discipline | Road |
| Competition | UCI Asia Tour 2.2 |
| Type | Stage race |
| History | |
| First edition | 2017 (2017) |
| Editions | 2 (as of 2019) |
| First winner | Muhamad Zawawi Azman (MAS) |
| Most recent | Marcus Culey (AUS) |


title: Touhou Hisoutensoku

abstract: Touhou Hisoutensoku ~ Chōdokyū Ginyoru no Nazo wo Oe is a versus fighting game in the Touhou Project game series. The game, by Twilight Frontier and Team Shanghai Alice, can be played as a standalone game or as an expansion pack for the previous fighting game Scarlet Weather Rhapsody. In the Touhou Project overall, it is labeled as the 12.3rd Touhou game.

text:
# Touhou Hisoutensoku

***Touhou Hisoutensoku ~ Chōdokyū Ginyoru no Nazo wo Oe*** (Japanese: 東方非想天則 〜 超弩級ギニョルの謎を追え, lit. "Unperceiving of Natural Law ~ Chase the Enigma of the Gargantuan Guignol") is a versus fighting game in the *Touhou Project* game series. The game, by Twilight Frontier and Team Shanghai Alice, can be played as a standalone game or as an expansion pack for the previous fighting game *Scarlet Weather Rhapsody*. In the *Touhou Project* overall, it is labeled as the 12.3rd Touhou game.

## Gameplay

*Touhou Hisoutensoku* stayed true to its predecessors in that it retained most of the *Immaterial'*s basic system and moves. Projectiles are still the main attack feature, grazing is still an effective way of evasion and the changing weather affects every match. In addition, *Touhou Hisoutensoku* added some new spellcards and weather system for the characters to turn the tide of battle. *Touhou Hisoutensoku* also provides built-in support for multiplayer games over the internet like its predecessor.

Characters from *Scarlet Weather Rhapsody* can be made playable in *Touhou Hisoutensoku* if the player also owns that game on the same computer. The imported characters have new moves and new winning dialog in the arcade and versus modes, though they do not have a storyline associated with *Touhou Hisoutensoku*.

### Card deck system

Mostly identical to *Scarlet Weather Rhapsody*, *Touhou Hisoutensoku* allows the player to assemble a "deck" of 20 cards. Cards become available for in-play use as the player deals or receives damage. New cards for can be obtained through various actions in gameplay (such as defeating an opponent).

Cards fall into three categories: System Cards, Skill Cards, and Spell Cards. System Cards include bombs (like in *Immaterial*, knocks the enemy back), weather change, and other miscellaneous options. Skill Cards upgrade special attacks to do more damage, allow the player to gain alternate special attacks, or both. Spell Cards are powerful attacks that automatically work once activated. Proper assembly of card decks according to the player's style is key to mastering the game, since the decks limit what the characters can do during a match.

A departure from *Scarlet Weather Rhapsody* is the personalized System Cards, each associated with a character. These replace the System Cards of *Scarlet Weather Rhapsody*.

### Weather

The weather changes during a match, which subjects the two combatants to some handicap according to the weather, as listed below. There are no weather effects in the Story Mode, unlike in *Scarlet Weather Rhapsody*. Five additional weathers are introduced in this game, along with modifications of some old ones.

| Weather | Associated with | Effect |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Temperament
気質 | N/A | No effect until the timer reaches 100. |
| Sunny
快晴 | Reimu Hakurei | Border Escapes are free, flight cost is halved. |
| Drizzle
霧雨 | Marisa Kirisame | Spell card damage increases. |
| Cloudy
曇天 | Sakuya Izayoi | Decreases spellcard cost by 1; increases rate at which the spell gauge fills. Weather effect ends if any card is used. |
| Azure Sky
蒼天 | Youmu Konpaku | Special attacks can be canceled into other special attacks. Every special attack canceled into only costs half a spirit orb |
| Hail
 | Alice Margatroid | Spirit Orb Recovery speed is doubled, increases damage of bullet-type specials. |
| Spring Haze
花曇 | Patchouli Knowledge | Melee attacks can be grazed, at cost of spirit. |
| Dense Fog
濃霧 | Remilia Scarlet | Inflicting damage on an opponent restores a small bit of health to the player. |
| Snow
 | Yuyuko Saigyouji | Hitting an opponent will cause her to lose some of her card gauge. Cards lost this way are returned to the player's deck. |
| Sunshowers
天気雨 | Yukari Yakumo | Incorrectly blocked melee attacks result in an instant guard crush. |
| Sprinkle
疎雨 | Suika Ibuki | All special moves and Skillcard moves are upgraded to Level 4. |
| Tempest
風雨 | Aya Syameimaru | Walking and dashing speed increased; maximum airdashes/flies allowed increased by one. |
| Mountain Vapor
晴嵐 | Reisen Udongein Inaba | Spellcard hand is hidden and randomized. Weather effect ends if a card is used. |
| River Mist
川霧 | Komachi Onoduka | Causes the distance between players to oscillate. |
| Typhoon
台風 | Iku Nagae | Characters gain superarmor and will not enter hitstun, and also lose the ability to block. |
| Aurora
極光 | Tenshi Hinanai | Cause a random weather effect. |
| Calm
 | Sanae Kotiya | Hitting the opponent will cause a healing spotlight to fall on the player. |
| Diamond Dust
ダイヤモンド ダスト | Cirno | Groundteching is disabled; knocked down characters take damage from standing up. |
| Dust Storm
黄砂 | Hong Meirin | Attacks induce counter hit state. |
| Scorching Sun
烈日 | Utsuho Reiuzi | When high in the air, power increases, but health lowers gradually. |
| Monsoon
梅雨 | Suwako Moriya | Attacks induce groundslam/wallslam. |

## Plot

A mysterious giant is seen wandering around Gensokyo. It can suddenly appear and can just as suddenly vanish seemingly without a trace. Everyone who sees it becomes curious and wonders about the truth behind this strange sight. Sanae Kotiya, Cirno, and Hong Meirin each have their own fears and dreams about the giant, and each sets out in pursuit of this roaming behemoth.

Exploring the Forest of Magic, the Scarlet Devil Mansion, and the subterranea, the heroines face many challenges and obstacles in their pursuit of a mystery that's far deeper than it first appears.

## Characters

As a standalone game, *Touhou Hisoutensoku* only features 9 characters total (Including the Giant Catfish). Combined with the characters from *Scarlet Weather Rhapsody*, the game has a total of 20 characters.

* Sanae Kotiya (東風谷早苗) - The miko of the Moriya Shrine. She is one of the persons who noticed the Hisoutensoku rampaging around Gensokyo.
* Cirno (チルノ) - The ice fairy of the Misty Lake. She thought the giant thing she saw was the great yokai Daidarabocchi.
* Hong Meirin (紅美鈴) - The gate guardian of the Scarlet Devil Mansion. She dreams that the Giant Catfish is the giant shadow and the one wanting her powers to come back to the earth and cause destruction.
* Reimu Hakurei (博麗霊夢) - The miko of the Hakurei Shrine.
* Marisa Kirisame (霧雨魔理沙) - A magician living in the Forest of Magic and played a prank on Cirno.
* Utsuho Reiuzi (霊烏路空) - The operator of the nuclear facility in the Hell of Blazing Flames.
* Patchouli Knowledge (パチュリー・ノーレッジ) - The resident bookworm of the Scarlet Devil Mansion.
* Alice Margatroid (アリス・マーガトロイド) - A puppeteer magician who also lives in the Forest of Magic. She was experimenting with Goliath-sized puppets, which caught Cirno's attention. She is the last boss in Cirno's Route.
* Suwako Moriya (洩矢諏訪子) - One of the goddesses of the Moriya Shrine and the last boss in Sanae's route.

## Development

Like with *Immaterial and Missing Power* and *Scarlet Weather Rhapsody*, ZUN of Team Shanghai Alice only did parts of the game while Twilight Frontier did most of the game-making. ZUN, besides overseeing the whole development, also provided the storyline, new character designs, spell card names, and three new music tracks for the game. The full version was released at Comiket 76 on August 15, 2009.

Unlike the main line of Touhou games where the character artwork is drawn by ZUN, the dialog character sprites and ending artwork in *Touhou Hisoutensoku* are drawn by alphes from the Twilight Frontier team, as is the case with *Immaterial and Missing Power* and *Scarlet Weather Rhapsody*.

## Soundtrack

The soundtrack of the game was compiled into an album named ***Thermonuclear Deity Hisoutensoku ~ Touhou Hisoutensoku ORIGINAL SOUND TRACK*** (核熱造神ヒソウテンソク 東方非想天則 ORIGINAL SOUND TRACK), first sold in Comiket 77 on December 30, 2009.

## InfoBox

| Touhou Hisoutensoku | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Developer(s) | Twilight Frontier
Team Shanghai Alice |
| Publisher(s) | Twilight Frontier |
| Series | *Touhou Project* |
| Platform(s) | Microsoft Windows |
| Release | August 15, 2009 |
| Genre(s) | Fighting |
| Mode(s) | 1-2 players |


title: Toronto Rockets (soccer)

abstract: The Toronto Rockets were a professional soccer team based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada that competed in the American Professional Soccer League during the 1994 season, with their home stadium at Centennial Park Stadium.

text:
# Toronto Rockets (soccer)

The **Toronto Rockets** were a professional soccer team based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada that competed in the American Professional Soccer League during the 1994 season, with their home stadium at Centennial Park Stadium.

## History

After the 1993 APSL season, the Toronto Blizzard folded and were replaced by the North York Rockets, who had played in the Canadian National Soccer League. This edition of the Rockets's roster was a combination of the 1993 Rockets and Toronto Blizzard, with players coming from both squads.

The Rockets finished in last place with a 5–15 record, as well as the worst attendance in the league, drawing in fewer than 1500 fans per match. The club had planned to return for the 1995 season, but withdrew only days before the start of the 1995 season, due to a financial dispute with the league's front office.

## Squad members

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

| No. Pos. Nation Player  1 GK  CAN Pat Onstad  2 DF  CAN Carl Fletcher  3 MF   Jack Copetti  4 DF  CAN Peter Sarantopoulos  5 DF  CAN Jens Kraemer  6 DF  CAN Dino Lopez  7 MF   Billy Dalombo  8 MF  CAN Lucio Ianiero  9 FW  LBR Zico Doe  10 MF  CAN Tony Nocita  11 MF   Alekxandre Choulaev | No. Pos. Nation Player  12 GK  CAN Bryan Rosenfeld  13 MF  CAN Pat Sullivan  14 DF  CAN Joseph Majcher  15 FW  CAN Eddy Berdusco  16 MF  CAN Frank Cardona  17 MF  CRO Velimir Crljen  20 FW  CAN Gino DiFlorio  22 MF  POL Ralph Golen  FW  CRO Ivica Raguz  MF  CAN Robert Marcucci  MF   ?? Walker |
| --- | --- |

## Coaches

## Season

| Season | League | Record | Rank | Playoffs | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1994 | American Professional Soccer League | 5–15 | 7th | Did not qualify |  |

## InfoBox

Toronto Rockets
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Nickname(s) | Rockets |
| Founded | 1994 |
| Dissolved | 1995 |
| Stadium | Centennial Park Stadium<br>Toronto, Ontario, Canada |
| League | American Professional Soccer League |


title: Toward a New Philosophy of Biology

abstract: Toward a New Philosophy of Biology: Observations of an Evolutionist is a book by Harvard evolutionary biologist Ernst Mayr. It is a collection of 28 essays, five previously unpublished, grouped into ten categories—Philosophy, Natural Selection, Adaptation, Darwin, Diversity, Species, Speciation, Macroevolution, and Historical Perspective. The book, Mayr notes in the Forward, is an attempt "to strengthen the bridge between biology and philosophy, and point to the new direction in which a new philosophy of biology will move."

text:
# Toward a New Philosophy of Biology

***Toward a New Philosophy of Biology: Observations of an Evolutionist*** (published by Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, in 1988) is a book by Harvard evolutionary biologist Ernst Mayr.

It is a collection of 28 essays, five previously unpublished, grouped into ten categories—Philosophy, Natural Selection, Adaptation, Darwin, Diversity, Species, Speciation, Macroevolution, and Historical Perspective. The book, *Mayr* notes in the Forward, is an attempt "to strengthen the bridge between biology and philosophy, and point to the new direction in which a new philosophy of biology will move."

## Reviews

* Ayala, Francisco J. *Science*, New Series, Vol. 240, No. 4860 (June, 1988).
* Griesemer, James R. *The Quarterly Review of Biology*, Vol. 64, No. 1 (March, 1989).
* Maienschein, Jane. *Isis*, Vol. 80, No. 3 (September, 1989).
* Smith, John Maynard. *New York Review of Books*, Volume 39, Number 9, May 14, 1992.