title: Ortsgruppenleiter

abstract: Ortsgruppenleiter was a Nazi Party political rank and title which existed between 1930 and 1945. The term first came into being during the German elections of 1930, and was held by the head Nazi of a town or city, or in larger cities, of a neighbourhood, for the purposes of election district organization. After 1933, through the process of Gleichschaltung, the position of Ortsgruppenleiter evolved into the Nazi leader of a large town or city or of a city district.

text:
# Ortsgruppenleiter

***Ortsgruppenleiter*** (Local Group Leader) was a Nazi Party political rank and title which existed between 1930 and 1945. The term first came into being during the German elections of 1930, and was held by the head Nazi of a town or city, or in larger cities, of a neighbourhood, for the purposes of election district organization. After 1933, through the process of *Gleichschaltung*, the position of *Ortsgruppenleiter* evolved into the Nazi leader of a large town or city or of a city district.

## Role in Municipal Government

After the founding of Nazi Germany, the political rank of *Ortsgruppenleiter* was held by the chief Nazi in a municipal area. In many situations, town and city administration overlapped with the Nazi political system, meaning that the traditional local government was overshadowed, if not entirely replaced, by Nazi leadership. Traditional government titles did continue to exist, such as *Bürgermeister*; however, if these positions were not already held by a corresponding Nazi official, city government was little more than a rubber stamp to Nazi designs.

During World War II, the position of *Ortsgruppenleiter* encompassed a large amount of responsibility and power as it was these Nazi officials who typically ran the city civil defense systems as well as the allocation of war rations and civil relief efforts. As Germany was invaded and defeat became imminent, Nazi leaders in major towns and cities also became *ad hoc* military commanders in charge of mixed-unit German forces and Volksturm units.

## Insignia

Between 1930 and 1932, the political rank of *Ortsgruppenleiter* was denoted by a braided shoulder cord and a white collar bar worn on a Nazi Party brown shirt. After 1933, the rank was denoted by two light yellow collar bars. The actual rank of *Ortsgruppenleiter* was phased out of the Nazi Party in 1939, replaced by a large number of expanded paramilitary political titles. The position of *Ortsgruppenleiter* was after this time typically held by a Nazi with the rank of *Abschnittsleiter*, paired as well with a political armband denoting the specific position of *Ortsgruppenleiter*.


title: Marcia Ashong

abstract: Marcia Ashong is a British-Ghanaian entrepreneur and lawyer recognized for her role in advocating for women representation in boardrooms. She is the executive director of The Boardroom Africa, and Brace Energy.

text:
# Marcia Ashong

**Marcia Ashong** is a British-Ghanaian entrepreneur and lawyer recognized for her role in advocating for women representation in boardrooms. She is the executive director of The Boardroom Africa (TBR Africa), and Brace Energy.

## Early life and education

Marcia was born in the United Kingdom to a Fante family. She attended the University of Minnesota and attained a Bachelor of Arts in International Relations & Political Science. She also studied at the University of Exeter and attained an LLB Hons.(Law) and at the University of Dundee where she attained a Master of Laws (LLM) in Energy Law and Policy.

## Career

Marcia Ashong is the founder and executive director of The Boardroom Africa (TBR Africa) and Brace Energy.

In 2017, she was named in Ghana's 20 Top Under 40 business leaders. In 2010, she established the Ghana Oil Club (GOC), a body that enables petroleum and energy professionals to deliberate on Ghana's petroleum and energy sectors. In June 2020, Ashong was featured in the Visual Collaborative *Polaris* catalogue, under the Amplified series for humanities and innovation, she was interviewed alongside others from around the world.

## Achievements

* Human Rights Fellowship Winner.


title: Sudan Archaeological Research Society

abstract: The Sudan Archaeological Research Society (SARS) is a registered British charity based in London, UK. It was founded in 1991 to study the history and culture of Sudan and expanded its remit in 2011 to include the newly independent South Sudan. The society has surveyed and excavated numerous archaeological sites across Sudan, and disseminates its research through publications and events.

text:
# Sudan Archaeological Research Society

The **Sudan Archaeological Research Society** (SARS) is a registered British charity (number 1005966) based in London, UK. It was founded in 1991 to study the history and culture of Sudan and expanded its remit in 2011 to include the newly independent South Sudan. The society has surveyed and excavated numerous archaeological sites across Sudan, and disseminates its research through publications and events.

## History

The Sudan Archaeological Research Society (SARS) was established in November 1991 by a group of British archaeologists in collaboration with the National Corporation for Antiquities and Museums, Sudan, and the British Council in Sudan. The society was set up with the aim of advancing knowledge and interest in the cultural heritage of Sudan. Its constitution states that its primary objective is “to promote and carry out … research, surveys, investigations and excavations… and publish and disseminate the useful results of such work”. It has carried out numerous surveys and excavation projects at major sites across Sudan, including Gabati, Kawa and Kanisah Kurgus, and remains active in fieldwork and other programmes.

The society has, with the permission of the National Corporation for Antiquities and Museums Sudan, donated select artefacts from excavations such as Kawa and Gabati to the British Museum. Rock art, ceramics, and human remains from the Fourth Cataract were recovered during the Merowe Dam Archaeological Salvage Project, some of which are on display in the British Museum, Gallery 65. The majority of the material is housed in Sudan with the National Corporation for Antiquities and Museums in the Sudan National Museum, Khartoum, the Merowe Museum, Al-Multaga and the Jebel Barkal Museum, Kareima.

## Today

The society is based in offices in the Department of Egypt and Sudan in the British Museum London, and holds an annual programme of public events, including the annual W.Y. Adams *Colloquium: Sudan – Past & Present*, and the Kirwan Memorial Lecture, delivered by a leading researcher. The society also publishes an annual journal, *Sudan & Nubia*, as well as a related monograph series.

### The W. Y. Adams Library

The main SARS library is housed in the society's office in the Department of Egypt and Sudan at the British Museum in London. It also maintains a branch library within the office of the Section Française de la Direction des Antiquités du Soudan in the premises of the National Corporation for Antiquities and Museums (Sudan) in Khartoum. Both libraries are open for consultation by appointment. The core of the library is formed of books and offprints once belonging to the society's first president, Sir Laurence Kirwan, and to the late honorary president, Professor William Y. Adams. Amongst its most useful assets is a full run of *Kush*, the journal of the Sudan Antiquities Service, many volumes of *Sudan Notes and Records* and important publications on Sudanese history and archaeology.

### The SARS Archive

The SARS archive contains the original records from the society's survey and excavation projects, as well as a large number of photographs, negatives and transparencies from numerous scholars and travelers between the 1930s and 1980s. Many record sites long since destroyed, particularly those in the region of Lake Nubia/Nasser and at Suakin. It also holds a large number of plans and elevations, maps, aerial photographs and satellite images.

### Fieldwork projects

Begrawiya-Atbara Survey: 1993–1994. Undertaken in early 1993, the survey focused on the new road from the pyramid area at Begrawiya (ancient Meroe) up to Atbara, a distance of 90 km. This work was followed by a second season of limited excavation at several sites, including the cemetery at Gabati.

Gabati: 1994–1995. During the survey along the course of the new road from Begrawiya to Atbara, a large cemetery was discovered at Gabati set directly on the line of the highway. At this late stage in the planning it was not possible to re-route the road around the site. In response to this threat, the society was able to undertake a single season of rescue excavation before the site disappeared forever. Within the three-month project, over the winter of 1994–1995, the team excavated a total of 104 graves dating to the later Kushite, Post-Meroitic and Medieval periods.

Northern Dongola Reach Survey: 1993–1997. The Northern Dongola Reach Survey (NDRS) worked across a concession on the east bank of the Nile for 80 km along the river and to the edge of the desert plateau, a maximum of 18 km from the river. Over 450 sites were found together with evidence for Nile palaeochannels, the banks of which had been densely settled during the Kerma period (*c*. 2500-1500 BC). The demise of these palaeochannels resulted in a dramatic fall in the population of the region by the 1st millennium BC. Many cemeteries were located here. Particularly numerous were those of the Neolithic period. Kerma tumuli were well preserved in places and covered in white quartzite pebbles and fragments of black stone. Medieval box graves were located close to the river as were the Islamic period tombs (*qubba)*of holy men.

Bayuda Desert Survey: 1999. The Challenge Road was part of a project, now completed, to provide an all-weather tarmac road linking Khartoum with the major centres in the north of Sudan, Kareima and Dongola. It was laid out across the Bayuda Desert in a direct line between the confluence of the White and Blue Niles and the most southerly part of the Debba Bend, re-joining the Nile at Gabolab. Between 95 km and 210 km from Omdurman, it follows the course of the Wadi Muqaddam. During the Survey, 192 archaeological sites were discovered, with many concentrated along the Wadi Muqaddam. The occupation spans from the Palaeolithic into the medieval period. From the Neolithic, settled communities were present and evidence of land and freshwater molluscs along with fish bones indicates the presence of standing water in the wadi.

Jebel Umm Rowag: 2001. The mountain (*jebel)*, set within the sharp bend of the Nile between Dal and Amara, dominates its surroundings. Its conical form and isolated situation make it a prominent landmark. Attaining a maximum height of 454 m, it towers above the countryside. The lower slopes are steep while the summit is narrow and covered with rock outcrops and massive boulders. Rock drawings of birds, the head of a king, ankhs and a geometric design occupy the very top of the mountain and were carved on both vertical and horizontal slabs. Hut circles and deposits of pottery were found close to the summit and on the upper slopes.

Amri to Kirbekan Survey: 1999–2007. This was the society's contribution to the Merowe Dam Archaeological Salvage Project. The society's mission to the Fourth Cataract was one of the first to heed the call first made by the National Corporation for Antiquities and Museums Sudan in 1993 to work in the region threatened by the construction of what was then known as the Hamdab Dam. In October 1999, SARS work began in a concession 40 km in length along the left bank of the Nile and on all the adjacent islands between Amri and Kirbekan - that is between the fortresses of Suweigi at Dar el-Arab upstream to Jebel Musa. Fieldwork included excavation and survey of a number of sites from across several thousand years of Sudanese history, as well as ethnographic and environmental study, in addition to the identification of numerous examples of rock art. After several seasons the fieldwork came to a close in November 2007. The dam was completed in 2008, and by the end of that year the reservoir was substantially full. A detailed report on the first season's work was published, and further results were made available in draft form ahead of final publication.

Kurgus: 1998–2012, 2014–2018. The first campaign of the joint SARS-British Museum project at Kurgus investigated the Hagr el-Merwa in detail, surveyed archaeological sites in the vicinity, and undertook small-scale excavations within the mud-brick fort on the riverbank and in the associated cemetery. The Hagr el-Merwa is a white quartz outcrop that dominates the right bank of the Nile 40 km upstream of the Nile bend at Abu Hamed. Carved and painted on the Hagr are many inscriptions of the Egyptian New Kingdom including two boundary stelae of the pharaohs Thutmose I and his grandson, Thutmose III. This was the southern limit of the ancient Egyptian Empire on the Nile. The most recent campaign focused on the fort and cemetery. The fort, which dates to the medieval period, measures *c.* 72 m2 and is defended by massive walls 5 m thick from which project towers at the angles and midway along each side. Recent excavations have focused on the north-west angle tower revealing many different phases as the tower was extended and remodelled. The remains are well-preserved with the west curtain wall surviving to a height of over 1 m by an arched gateway which was later blocked. Limited clearance within the fort indicated that there were extensive remains of buildings. In the cemetery, which covers an area approximately 1400 x 500 m in extent, excavations revealed a long history of use from perhaps the Kerma period through to the medieval period.

Kawa: 1997–2018. The ancient Egyptian name of Kawa, Gematon, suggests that it was founded by the pharaoh Akhenaten in the 14th century BC, although the earliest structural evidence known from the site is a temple built under Tutankhamun. The town was abandoned, probably in the 4th century AD. It was a major urban centre covering approximately 40 ha. The project conducted a detailed contour survey of the town, excavated and planned buildings, and investigated the adjacent cemetery. In winter 2013, a new phase of activity began at Kawa under the umbrella of the Qatar-Sudan Archaeological Project. Part of that project focused on ensuring the long-term survival of the site, making it more accessible to Sudanese and foreign visitors.

Survey at the Fifth Nile Cataract: 2012. In collaboration with the British Museum, the society began a survey and excavation project at the Fifth Nile Cataract in response to an appeal from the National Corporation for Antiquities and Museums, Sudan. Following the completion of the Merowe Dam at the Fourth Cataract in 2008, several more dams were planned. The one proposed at Shereik (Shereiq) will inundate the Fifth Cataract, one of the least studied reaches of the river. During the first season activities concentrated on the east bank, recording a number of cemeteries and one settlement in detail. Two settlements and a cemetery were also studied on the island of el-Usheir.

QSAP-collaborative work: 2012–2019. Several sites within the SARS concession were excavated by the British Museum. With support from the Qatar-Sudan Archaeological Project, work continued at Kawa, as well as funding three years of excavation at H25, a Kerma-New Kingdom settlement site discovered during the society's Northern Dongola Reach Survey. In 2020, work commenced at Kerma settlement sites P5 in collaboration with the University of Cardiff, UK, and R4 in collaboration with Wellesley College, Massachusetts, US.

### Publications

The society publishes material largely focusing upon its archaeological research.

#### Monographs

* *Road Archaeology in the Middle Nile: Volume 1.* *The SARS Survey from Bagrawiya – Meroe to Atbara 1993.* by M. D. S. Mallinson, L. M. V. Smith, S. Ikram, C. Le Quesne and P. Sheehan.
* *Gabati*: Volume 1. *A Meroitic, Post-Meroitic and Medieval Cemetery in Central Sudan* by D. N. Edwards with contributions by P. J. Rose, L. M. V. Smith, S. Taylor, H. Cool, A. Clapham, Q. Mould and M. Ryder.
* *Kulubnarti II*. *The Artifactual Remains* by W.Y. Adams and N.K. Adams.
* *Kulubnarti III*. *The Cemeteries* by W. Y. Adams, N. K. Adams, D.P. Van Gerven and D.L. Greene.
* *Meinarti I*. *The Late Meroitic Ballaña and Transitional Remains* by W. Y. Adams.
* *Meinarti II*. *The Early and Classic Christian Phases* by W. Y. Adams.
* *Life on the Desert Edge*. *Seven thousand years of settlement in the Northern Dongola Reach, Sudan.* by D. A. Welsby with contributions by C. Andrews, C. Cartwright, J. Cook, Fathi Abdul Hamid, A. Grant, L. Joyner, M. Judd, M. Macklin, I. Welsby Sjöström, B. Wills and J. Woodward.
* *Uncovering Ancient Sudan*. *A Decade of Discovery by the Sudan Archaeological Research Society* edited by D. A. Welsby and W. V. Davies.
* *Meinarti III*. *The Late and Terminal Christian Phases* by W. Y. Adams.
* *Survey Above the Fourth Nile Cataract* by D. A. Welsby with contributions by P. Braddock and D. Usai
* *Meinarti IV and V*. *The Church and the Cemetery*; *The History of Meinarti – an interpretive overview* by W. Y. Adams.
* *The West Bank Survey from Faras to Gemai 2*. *Sites of Meroitic and Ballaña Age* by W. Y. Adams.
* *The West Bank Survey from Faras to Gemai 3*. *Sites of Christian Age* by W. Y. Adams.
* *Hillat el-Arab*. *The Joint Sudanese-Italian Expedition in the Napatan Region, Sudan* by I. Vincentelli with contributions by Abdel Rahman Ali Mohamed, S. Bonamore, A. Canci, M. Casali, L. Chaix, M. Cottini, M. Ferretti, E. Garcea, A. Roccati, M. Rottoli and Salah Mohamed Ahmed.
* *A Neolithic Cemetery in the Northern Dongola Reach*. *Excavations at Site R12*, edited by S. Salvatori and D. Usai.
* *The Churches of Nobadia* by W. Y. Adams.
* *Sudan's First Railway*. *The Gordon Relief Expedition and The Dongola Campaign* by D. A. Welsby with contributions by I. Welsby Sjöström, Mahmoud Suleiman Bashir and J. Joyce.
* *Kulubnarti I*. *The Architectural Remains* by W.Y. Adams.
* *Gabati*. *A Meroitic, Post-Meroitic and Medieval Cemetery in Central Sudan*. *Volume 2 : The Physical Anthropology* by M. A. Judd with a contribution by D. N. Edwards.
* *The West Bank Survey from Faras to Gemai 1*. *Sites of Early Nubian, Middle Nubian and Pharaonic Age* by H.-Å. Nordström
* *Road Archaeology in the Middle Nile*: *Volume 2*. *Excavations from Meroe to Atbara 1994* by M. D. S. Mallinson and L. M. V. Smith
* *A* Kerma Ancien *Cemetery in the Northern Dongola Reach*. *Excavations at Site H29* by D. A. Welsby with contributions by P. Bangsgaard, C. Cartwright, P. Ryan, I. Welsby Sjöström and R. Whiting.

#### *Sudan & Nubia*

Between 1991 and 1996, the society published a biannual newsletter with information about its work. In 1996, this was replaced by an annual peer-reviewed journal concentrating on recent archaeological fieldwork and research in Sudan. Much of the fieldwork published is the focus of the annual SARS Colloquium; however, it also includes anthropological, heritage, and modern material.


abstract: The following is a list of the ground beetles recorded in Britain, organised by subfamily and by tribe. For other beetle families, see the main list of beetle species recorded in Britain.

text:
# List of ground beetle (Carabidae) species recorded in Britain

The following is a **list of the ground beetles recorded in Britain**, organised by subfamily (*-inae* endings) and by tribe (*-ini* endings). For other beetle families, see the main list of beetle species recorded in Britain.

## Cicindelinae Latreille, 1802

## Brachininae Bonelli, 1810

## Omophroninae Bonelli, 1810

## Carabinae Latreille, 1802

Carabini Latreille, 1802 Nebriini Laporte, 1834 Notiophilini Motschulsky, 1850 Elaphrini Latreille, 1802 Loricerini Bonelli, 1810 Broscini Hope, 1838 Trechini Bonelli, 1810 Patrobini Kirby, 1837 Pterostichini Bonelli, 1810 Sphodrini Laporte, 1834 Harpalini Bonelli, 1810 Oodini LaFerté-Sénectère, 1851 Licinini Bonelli, 1810 Panagaeini Bonelli, 1810 Perigonini Horn, 1881 Masoreini Chaudoir, 1870 Odacanthini Laporte, 1834 Dryptini Schaum, 1857


title: 1980–81 Coupe de France

abstract: The Coupe de France 1980–81 was its 64th edition. It was won by SC Bastia which defeated AS Saint-Étienne in the Final.

text:
# 1980–81 Coupe de France

The **Coupe de France** 1980–81 was its 64th edition. It was won by SC Bastia which defeated AS Saint-Étienne in the Final.

## Round of 16

| Team 1 | Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score | Team 2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **SEC Bastia** (D1) | 3–2 | AS Monaco (D1) | 2–0 | 1–2 |
| FC Nantes (D1) | 5–10 | **Girondins de Bordeaux** (D1) | 1–4 | 4–6 |
| AS Nancy (D1) | 3–4 | **AS Saint-Étienne** (D1) | 2–1 | 1–3 |
| LB Châteauroux (D2) | 1–2 | **Lille OSC** (D1) | 1–0 | 0–2 |
| Le Havre AC (D2) | 1–2 | **RC Lens** (D1) | 1–0 | 0–2 |
| FC Metz (D1) | 2–2 () | **Montpellier HSC** (D2) | 2–1 | 0–1 |
| **RC Strasbourg** (D1) | 3–2 | AS Angoulême (D2) | 2–0 | 1–2 |
| Thionville FC (D2) | 2–5 | **FC Martigues** (D2) | 2–2 | 0–3 |

## Quarter-finals

| Team 1 | Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score | Team 2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **RC Lens** (D1) | 3–2 | Lille OSC (D1) | 3–1 | 0–1 |
| Girondins de Bordeaux (D1) | 1–9 | **RC Strasbourg** (D1) | 1–5 | 0–4 |
| **AS Saint-Étienne** (D1) | 3–2 | Montpellier HSC (D2) | 2–1 | 1–1 |
| FC Martigues (D2) | 3–5 | **SEC Bastia** (D1) | 3–0 | 0–5 |

## Semi-finals

### First leg

| Bastia (1) | 2–0 | Lens (1) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Cazes  60'
Milla  85' | Report |  |

Stade Furiani, BastiaAttendance: 10,000Referee: Robert Wurtz

---

| Saint-Étienne (1) | 2–1 | Strasbourg (1) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Bellus  32'
Zanon  67' | Report | Piasecki  16' |

Stade Geoffroy-Guichard, Saint-ÉtienneAttendance: 12,698Referee: Marcel Bacou

### Second leg

| Lens (1) | 0–1 | Bastia (1) |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Report | Marcialis  85' |

Stade Félix Bollaert, LensAttendance: 35,000Referee: Daniel Lambert

*Bastia won 3–1 on aggregate.*

---

| Strasbourg (1) | 1–1 | Saint-Étienne (1) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Decastel  77' | Report | Perez  88' |

Stade de la Meinau, StrasbourgAttendance: 25,000Referee: Henri Didier

*Saint-Étienne won 3–2 on aggregate.*

## Final

| Bastia | 2–1 | Saint-Étienne |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Marcialis  50'
Milla  58' | Report | Santini  72' |

Parc des Princes, ParisAttendance: 46,155Referee: Georges Konrath

## InfoBox

1980–81 Coupe de France
| Tournament details | |
| --- | --- |
| Country | France |
|  | |


title: Tilly Armstrong

abstract: Tilly Armstrong was a British writer of romance novels from 1978 to 1998. She also wrote as Tania Langley and Kate Alexander. Armstrong was born in Sutton, Surrey. Before she began her writing career, she worked for the World Health Organization in Geneva, then in Canada for 18 months, and then became the personal secretary to the Chairman of British Steel, Lord Melchett. She was the fourteenth elected Chairman (1987–1989) of the Romantic Novelists' Association, and was one of its vice-presidents, until her death at 83, on 6 July 2010, at Carshalton, England, UK.

text:
# Tilly Armstrong

**Tilly Armstrong** (8 April 1927 – 6 July 2010) was a British writer of romance novels from 1978 to 1998. She also wrote as **Tania Langley** and **Kate Alexander**.

Armstrong was born in Sutton, Surrey. Before she began her writing career, she worked for the World Health Organization in Geneva, then in Canada for 18 months, and then became the personal secretary to the Chairman of British Steel, Lord Melchett.

She was the fourteenth elected Chairman (1987–1989) of the Romantic Novelists' Association, and was one of its vice-presidents, until her death at 83, on 6 July 2010, at Carshalton, England, UK.

## Bibliography

Armstrong wrote under her own name and under two pseudonyms.

### As Tilly Armstrong

* *Lightly Like a Flower* (1978)
* *Come Live With Me* (1979)
* *Joy Runs High* (1979)
* *Limited Engagement* (1980)
* *Summer Tangle* (1983)
* *Small Town Girl* (1984)
* *Pretty Penny* (1985)

### As Tania Langley

* *Dawn* (1980)
* *Mademoiselle Madeleine* (1981)
* *The London Linnet* (1985)
* *Genevra* (1987)

### As Kate Alexander

* *Fields of Battle* (1981)
* *Friends and Enemies* (1982)
* *Paths of Peace* (1984)
* *Bright Tomorrows* (1985)
* *Songs of War* (1987)
* *Great Possessions* (1989)
* *The Shining Country* (1991)
* *The House of Hope* (1992)
* *Voices of Song* (1994)
* *The Anthology of Love and Romance* (edited, 1994) (including stories by Rosamunde Pilcher, Georgette Heyer, Edith Wharton *et al*)
* *Family Trees* (1995)
* *Love and Duty' (1998)*

## InfoBox

| Tilly Armstrong | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 8 April 1927
Sutton, Surrey, England, United Kingdom |
| Died | 6 July 2010(2010-07-06) (aged 83)
Carshalton, England, United Kingdom |
| Pen name | Tania Langley,
Kate Alexander |
| Occupation | Novelist |
| Nationality | British |
| Period | 1978–1998 |
| Genre | romance |


title: Oxyopes juvencus

abstract: Oxyopes juvencus is a species of spider of the genus Oxyopes. It is endemic to Sri Lanka.

text:
# Oxyopes juvencus

***Oxyopes juvencus*** is a species of spider of the genus *Oxyopes*. It is endemic to Sri Lanka.

## InfoBox

| *Oxyopes juvencus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Oxyopidae |
| Genus: | *Oxyopes* |
| Species: | ***O. juvencus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Oxyopes juvencus***<br>Strand, 1907 | |
|


title: Norfolk Wherry Trust

abstract: The Norfolk Wherry Trust is a waterway society and UK registered charity number 1084156, based at Womack Water near Ludham in the Norfolk Broads, Norfolk, England. The Trust keeps afloat Albion, an example of the Norfolk trading wherry, so that she can be seen on the rivers and broads. Albion was built in 1898 - unusually - as a carvel wherry in oak on oak frames, by William Brighton, Lake Lothing, Suffolk for Bungay maltsters W. D. and A. E. Walker. All other trading wherries in East Anglia were clinker built. Albion's first load was coal from Lowestoft to Bungay. Albion was bought by the General Steam Navigation Company in the 1930s, and later she became a lighter until she was discovered by the Trust in 1949. In February 1949, a letter in the Eastern Daily Press suggested the formation of a trust to preserve a wherry. The fifty-year-old wherry Albion was then owned by Colman's Mustard factory and was moored at the company's works at Carrow Bridge in Norwich. In October 1949, after restoration work, Albion sailed regularly from Great Yarmouth to Norwich, carrying timber or grain, and sugar beet from Surlingham to Cantley. However, freight alone could not sustain Albion, and from 1961 she carried passengers. In 1981 the trust acquired a base at Womack Water near Ludham. During 1997, the black-sailed ex-trader Albion carried a total of 648 persons; at any one time she can carry up to 12 people, plus skipper and mate.

text:
# Norfolk Wherry Trust

The **Norfolk Wherry Trust** is a waterway society and UK registered charity number 1084156, based at Womack Water near Ludham in the Norfolk Broads, Norfolk, England.

The Trust keeps afloat *Albion*, an example of the Norfolk trading wherry, so that she can be seen on the rivers and broads.

*Albion* was built in 1898 - unusually - as a carvel wherry in oak on oak frames, by William Brighton, Lake Lothing, Suffolk (between Oulton Broad and Lowestoft) for Bungay maltsters W. D. and A. E. Walker. All other trading wherries in East Anglia were clinker built. *Albion'*s first load was coal from Lowestoft to Bungay.

*Albion* was bought by the General Steam Navigation Company in the 1930s, and later she became a lighter until she was discovered by the Trust in 1949.

In February 1949, a letter in the *Eastern Daily Press* suggested the formation of a trust to preserve a wherry. The fifty-year-old wherry *Albion* was then owned by Colman's Mustard factory and was moored at the company's works at Carrow Bridge in Norwich. In October 1949, after restoration work, *Albion* sailed regularly from Great Yarmouth to Norwich, carrying timber or grain, and sugar beet from Surlingham to Cantley.

However, freight alone could not sustain *Albion*, and from 1961 she carried passengers. In 1981 the trust acquired a base at Womack Water near Ludham. During 1997, the black-sailed ex-trader *Albion* carried a total of 648 persons; at any one time she can carry up to 12 people, plus skipper and mate.


title: Mardi Gras (ship)

abstract:
Three vessels have been named Mardi Gras:
  - Mardi Gras (1972), launched in 1960 as the liner Empress of Canada she was renamed on entering service with Carnival Cruise Line as a cruise ship in 1972. She was sold to Epirotiki in 1993 and scrapped in 2003 after a number of changes of both owner and name
  - Mardi Gras (2006), a bulk carrier launched in 2006; she was renamed Anemos in 2018
  - Mardi Gras (2020), a cruise ship launched in 2020 and the second Carnival Cruise Line ship to bear the name

text:
# Mardi Gras (ship)

Three vessels have been named ***Mardi Gras***:

* *Mardi Gras* (1972), launched in 1960 as the liner *Empress of Canada* she was renamed on entering service with Carnival Cruise Line as a cruise ship in 1972. She was sold to Epirotiki in 1993 and scrapped in 2003 after a number of changes of both owner and name
* *Mardi Gras* (2006), a bulk carrier launched in 2006; she was renamed *Anemos* in 2018
* *Mardi Gras* (2020), a cruise ship launched in 2020 and the second Carnival Cruise Line ship to bear the name


title: 1989 Kvalserien

abstract: The 1989 Kvalserien was the 15th edition of the Kvalserien. It determined which team of the participating ones would play in the 1989–90 Elitserien season and which three teams would play in the 1989–90 Swedish Division 1 season.

text:
# 1989 Kvalserien

The **1989 Kvalserien** was the 15th edition of the Kvalserien. It determined which team of the participating ones would play in the 1989–90 Elitserien season and which three teams would play in the 1989–90 Swedish Division 1 season.

## Tournament

|  | Club | GP | W | T | L | GF | GA | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | Västra Frölunda HC | 6 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 40 | 20 | **10** |
| 2. | Malmö IF | 6 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 17 | 31 | **6** |
| 3. | IF Björklöven | 6 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 26 | 25 | **5** |
| 4. | Örebro IK | 6 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 23 | 30 | **3** |


title: William McIntyre (minister)

abstract: William McIntyre was a Scottish-Australian Presbyterian minister and educator.

text:
# William McIntyre (minister)

**William McIntyre** (6 March 1806 – 12 July 1870) was a Scottish-Australian Presbyterian minister and educator.

## Early life

William McIntyre was the fifth son and seventh child of Duncan McIntyre and Catherine Kennedy, who were sheep farmers in the parish of Kilmonivaig, Inverness-shire, Scotland. He was proficient in Latin and Greek when he commenced at the University of Glasgow in 1823. He graduated MA in 1829, completed Divinity in 1832, and was licensed by the Presbytery of Dunoon. He taught in a Glasgow school conducted by his older brother Allan and was recruited for Australia by Dr John Dunmore Lang, who heard him preach in Greenock in 1837. He was ordained for Australia with his friend James Forbes on 29 June 1837 by the Church of Scotland Presbytery of Glasgow. He was appointed Chaplain to some 260 immigrants on the *Midlothian*, which left Portree, Skye on 7 August 1837 and arrived in Sydney 12 December 1837.

## Early Australian ministry

McIntyre was the first Gaelic-speaking minister in Australia and the immigrants who came out on the Midlothian mainly spoke that language. Lang falsely represented to Governor Gipps that Lord Glenelg had given public assurances that they would be allowed to settle as a group, which was contrary to the usual policy. Most became occupiers of small but productive farms on Andrew Lang's estate on the Paterson River. Particularly from 1857 they began to move north as new lands were opened and formed the nucleus of most of the congregations that adhered to the Presbyterian Church of Eastern Australia minority which remained outside the general Presbyterian union of 1864/65.

McIntyre joined Lang's Synod in January 1838, taught at Lang's Australian College, and acted as Lang's *locum tenens* while Lang was overseas from January 1839 to March 1841. He facilitated the union of Lang's Synod and the Presbytery which was accomplished in October 1840. McIntyre was called to Maitland in 1840, but was only settled there in September 1841 following a second call. On 3 April 1844 he was married to Mary McIntyre (1786–1872), the sister and heir of Peter McIntyre (1783–1842) by James Forbes. They made the Pitnacree Estate at east Maitland their home. Peter's estate exclusive of runs and licence for over 280,000 acres (1,100 km2) of land was sworn at not less than £25,000, so Mary was exceedingly wealthy. There were no children and most of the money found its way into church and charitable causes in due time.

## Presbyterian Church of Eastern Australia

McIntyre led those who protested and withdrew to form the Presbyterian Church of Eastern Australia in October 1846. He partly financed the first PCEA church in Sydney, the old Pitt Street Congregational Church purchased in 1846. A brick church still existing was opened in Free Church Street, Maitland in 1849. McIntyre was anxious to see a thoroughly orthodox and evangelistic Church but was hampered by the difficulty of securing recruits prior to the discovery of Gold in 1851 and the tensions between Highlanders and Lowlanders. In 1854 he recruited his brother Allan and James McCulloch, who had married McIntyre's niece, for the PCEA ministry. McIntyre removed to St George's Church, Castlereagh Street, Sydney and was inducted 20 February 1862. He served without stipend and saw the debt of £12,000 reduced to £5,000 by the time of his death.

## Literary and educational work

McIntyre supervised the training of the first locally trained Presbyterian minister (J.S. White, ordained by the Synod of Australia in 1847). He edited Lang's newspaper *The Colonist* during the latter's absence overseas in 1839–40. He conducted a fortnightly paper, *The Voice in the Wilderness* (1846–1852). His major literary work was an *Exposition of the Sermon on the Mount*, published in Edinburgh in 1854. He established the high school of Maitland in 1855, took a number of classes, including classics, acted as headmaster without payment (1857–59) and made the school one of the best in New South Wales. As well as a number of booklets and pamphlets, McIntyre published *The Testimony* monthly (1865–70) until shortly before his death.

## Attitude to Church Union

Scottish attitudes to colonial church union changed in 1857 and those of Free Church sympathy who stood apart from the union in Victoria in 1859 were refused recognition by the Free Church of Scotland in 1860 and 1861. McIntyre therefore contemplated union of New South Wales Presbyterians and thought he had secured a satisfactory basis in November 1863; it was certainly a better crafted basis than in Victoria. However, some of his natural Gaelic constituency would not contemplate union with those allied to the Established Church of Scotland. Those in Maclean seceded in December 1863. McIntyre ultimately became convinced that while in theory the basis was satisfactory the use which the unionists planned to make of it was not. By receiving ministers from the various Scottish churches on an equal footing, the church became complicit in practical involvement in the errors of the Established Church, he held, and therefore compromised the PCEA testimony against Erastianism. He considered that this signalled an approach to truth that seemed capable of extension to other doctrines of the Westminster Confession of Faith. Ultimately 5 of the 22 PCEA ministers continued outside the union accomplished 1864/65, and several united who were not really in favour. The still-maintained practice of *a capella* psalmody in the PCEA was not regarded as an issue of principle on the level of the Erastian issue by McIntyre and his colleagues.

He was an able man, a solid if not winsome preacher. He was a man of firm principles of whom Sir Samuel Griffith, one time Premier of Queensland and the first Chief Justice of the High Court of Australia, wrote: "On the whole he was a remarkable man, and his name deserves to be remembered as one of the foremost worthies of New South Wales."

## Further reading

Rowland S. Ward, *Presbyterian Leaders in 19th Century Australia* (Wantirna, Victoria 1993), pp. 82–97.