title: List of most expensive philatelic items

abstract: This is a list of the highest known prices paid for philatelic items, including stamps and covers. The current record price for a single stamp is US$9,480,000 paid for the British Guiana 1c magenta. This list is ordered by consumer price index inflation-adjusted value in millions of United States dollars in 2023. Where necessary, the price is first converted to dollars using the exchange rate at the time the item was sold. The inflation adjustment may change as recent inflation rates are often revised. A list in another currency may be in a slightly different order due to exchange-rate fluctuations. Individual items are listed only once, i.e. for the highest price sold.

text:
# List of most expensive philatelic items

This is a list of the **highest known prices paid for philatelic items**, including stamps and covers. The current record price for a single stamp is US$9,480,000 paid for the British Guiana 1c magenta.

This list is ordered by consumer price index inflation-adjusted value (in bold) in millions of United States dollars in 2023. Where necessary, the price is first converted to dollars using the exchange rate at the time the item was sold. The inflation adjustment may change as recent inflation rates are often revised. A list in another currency may be in a slightly different order due to exchange-rate fluctuations. Individual items are listed only once, i.e. for the highest price sold.

| Adjusted price | Original price | Item(s) | Example
image(s) | Country | Year | No. in existence | Date of sale | Seller | Buyer | Auction house | Refs |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| $24,100,000 | $17,400,000 | Red Revenue block of four and sheet of 25 5-candarin Large Dragon stamps |
 | Qing China | 1878 (Large Dragons)
1897 (Red Revenues) | Unknown (Large Dragons)
1 known (Red Revenues block of four)
32 known (Individual Red Revenues) | 2009 | Lam Manyin | Ding Jingsong | Unknown |  |
| $12,600,000 | $11,200,000 | "Ball Cover" with Mauritius 1d red (XX) |  | British Mauritius | 1847 | 3 known | June 26, 2021 | Anonymous | Anonymous | Christoph Gärtner |  |
| $12,201,000 | $9,480,000 | British Guiana 1c magenta |  | British Guiana | 1856 | 1 known | June 17, 2014 | Estate of John du Pont | Stuart Weitzman | Sotheby's, New York |  |
| $8,437,000 | $4,000,000 | "Bordeaux Cover" with Mauritius 2d blue (XXII) and Mauritius 1d red (XXI) |  | British Mauritius | 1847 | Unique | 1993 | Anonymous | Anonymous | David Feldman SA, Geneva |  |
| $6,200,000 | $4,800,000 | Inverted Jenny block of four |  | United States | 1918 | 1 (as block of four)
100 (as individual stamps) | October 4, 2014 | Donald Sundman | Anonymous | Private sale |  |
| $5,570,760 | $5,570,760 | 500 mon Inverted Centre |  | Empire of Japan | 1871 | 1 known | June 3, 2023 | Yuji Yamada | Anonymous | David Feldman SA, Geneva |  |
| $4,630,000 | $2,970,000 | Z Grill |  | United States | 1868 | 2 | 2005 | Donald Sundman | Bill H. Gross | Private exchange |  |
| $4,468,000 | $2,300,000 | Treskilling Yellow |  | Sweden | 1855 | 1 known | 1996 | Anonymous | The Box AB | David Feldman SA, Geneva |  |
| $3,799,000 | $1,900,000 | "Missionary cover" with Hawaiian 2c Blue, 5c Blue and two United States 3c Brownish Carmine |  | Hawaii and United States | 1852 | Unique | November 7, 1995 | The Honolulu Advertiser Collection | Anonymous | Robert A. Siegel, New York |  |
| $3,430,000 | $2,690,000 | "Bombay Cover" with two Mauritius 1d red (XVIII & XIX) |  | British Mauritius | 1847 | Unique | 2016 | Anonymous | Anonymous | David Feldman SA, Geneva |  |
| $2,970,000 | $2,190,000 | 12grano blue "error of colour" |  | Two Sicilies | 1859 | 2 | June 10, 2011 | Anonymous | Anonymous | Galerie Dreyfus, Basel |  |
| $2,870,000 | $1,900,000 | "Rush 1847 Cover" with strip of six 10c black stamps |  | United States | 1847 | Unique | May 13, 2006 | Anonymous | Anonymous | Robert A. Siegel, New York |  |
| $2,690,000 | $1,900,000 | "Xiphopagus Triplet" with two 30r and one 60r stamps |  | Brazil | 1843 | Unknown | June 5, 2008 | The Islander Collection of South America | Anonymous | Robert A. Siegel, New York |  |
| $2,426,000 | $1,150,000 | Mauritius 2d blue (III) |  | British Mauritius | 1847 | 12 known | 1993 | Anonymous | Mauritian private consortium | David Feldman SA, Geneva |  |
| $2,300,000 | $1,680,000 | "Champion" letter with two 5-centime Strubels in blue misprint and brown 5-centime Strubel |  | Switzerland | 1855 | Unique | June 10, 2011 | Anonymous | Anonymous | Galerie Dreyfus, Basel |  |
| $2,271,000 | $1,605,000 | "Trondheim" block of 39 4-skilling stamps |  | Norway | 1855 | Unique | April 2008 | Anonymous | Anonymous | David Feldman SA, Geneva |  |
| $2,400,000 | $2,000,000 | The Whole Country is Red |  | People's Republic of China | 1968 | Unknown | November 23, 2018 | Anonymous | Anonymous | China Guardian, Beijing |  |
| $2,082,400 | $1,471,500 | Baden 9 Kreuzer error |  | Baden | 1851 | 4 | April 3, 2008 | Anonymous | Anonymous | David Feldman SA, Geneva |  |
| $1,933,000 | $1,593,000\* | Inverted Jenny |  | United States | 1918 | 100 | November 15, 2018 | Anonymous | Anonymous | Robert A. Siegel, New York |  |
| $1,820,610 | $1,344,180 | Mauritius 2d blue (XIII) |  | British Mauritius | 1847 | 12 known | June 28, 2011 | The Chartwell Collection of Humphrey Cripps | Anonymous | Spink, London |  |
| $1,453,770 | $1,073,340 | Mauritius 1d red (X) |  | British Mauritius | 1847 | 15 known | 1993 | Anonymous | Mauritian private consortium | David Feldman SA, Geneva |  |
| $1,410,000 | $1,180,000 | Alexandria "Blue Boy" cover |  | United States | 1847 | Unique | June 22, 2019 | Anonymous | Anonymous | H.R. Harmer, New York |  |
| $1,274,000 | $900,000 | B Grill |  | United States | 1867-8 | 4 known | October 28, 2008 | The Perry Hansen Collection of U.S. Stamps and Covers | Anonymous | Robert A. Siegel, New York |  |
| $1,269,000 | $970,000 | Red Revenue |  | Qing China | 1897 | 32 known | 2013 | Anonymous | Anonymous | Interasia Auctions, Hong Kong |  |
| $1,200,000 | $600,000 | 2-cent unused Hawaii "Missionaries" stamp |  | Hawaii | 1851 | 1 (unused)
15 (total) | November 7, 1995 | The Honolulu Advertiser Collection | Anonymous | Robert A. Siegel, New York |  |

* Buyer's premium included

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3. "BIG SPENDER：百年郵蹤" \[Big Spender: Hundred-Year Trail of Philately\]. *Apple Daily 蘋果日報* (in Chinese). 2013-08-22. Archived from the original on 2019-12-28. Retrieved 2020-07-05.
4. "Record result for the Mauritius Ball Cover". 2021-06-21. Archived from the original on 2022-11-28. Retrieved 2023-01-17.
5. Healey, Matthew (2021-06-30). "Mauritius Ball cover sells for almost $12 million, an all-time record price". *Linns Stamp News*. Archived from the original on 2022-09-26. Retrieved 2023-01-17.
6. Morgan, Helen. "Post Office Mauritius (20), one penny, used (XX) (1847)". *Research Companion*. Archived from the original on 2021-08-07. Retrieved 2022-01-17.
7. Baadke, Michael (2019-06-25). "Alexandria 'Blue Boy' cover auctioned for $1.18 million". *Linns Stamp News*. Archived from the original on 2019-10-27. Retrieved 2020-07-05.
8. Morgan, Helen (2006-03-14). "Post Office Mauritius (21/22), one penny, used (XXI) + two pence, used (XXII) - Stamp - Blue Mauritius". *Research Companion*. Archived from the original on 2018-05-29. Retrieved 2020-07-05.
9. "Mystic sells Inverted Jenny plate block; purchase price 'north of $4.8 million'". *Linns Stamp News*. 2014-10-10. Archived from the original on 2020-07-06. Retrieved 2020-07-06.
10. Leclere, Estelle (2023-06-03). "Japan stamp sells for world record price of 5.4 million Euros". *David Feldman SA*. Retrieved 2023-07-15.
11. "Lot 30070 - 1871, 500 mon, greyish yellow-green, earliest printing, plate 1, pos. 8 center inverted | 2023 June 1st-3rd Latin America, Egypt and Japan | David Feldman SA David Feldman SA". *David Feldman SA*. Retrieved 2023-07-15.
12. Schmid, Randolph E. (2006-05-25). "Rare and Costly Stamps to Go on Display". *Washington Post*. Archived from the original on 2018-10-03. Retrieved 2020-07-05.
13. "Rare stamp fetches record price". *BBC News*. 2010-05-22. Archived from the original on 2019-02-15. Retrieved 2020-07-04.
14. Lee, Julia (2019-02-16). "Treskilling Yellow is back in the hands of a philatelist - World". *Stamp Magazine*. Archived from the original on 2018-01-11. Retrieved 2020-07-04.
15. "World's 'rarest' stamp 'to break record'". *The Telegraph*. 2010-05-21. Archived from the original on 2017-11-15. Retrieved 2020-07-04.
16. "The Honolulu Advertiser Collection". *Siegel Auction Galleries*. 1954-05-03. Archived from the original on 2020-07-06. Retrieved 2020-07-06.
17. "The Bombay Cover". *davidfeldman.com*. Archived from the original on 2022-12-03. Retrieved 2022-01-17.
18. Morgan, Helen. "Post Office Mauritius (18/19), one penny, used (XVIII) + one penny, used (XIX) (1847)". *Research Companion*. Archived from the original on 2017-02-25. Retrieved 2022-01-17.
19. swissinfo.ch (2015-04-23). "Rare stamps fetch big money". *SWI swissinfo.ch*. Archived from the original on 2019-12-19. Retrieved 2020-07-05.
20. "Auction: 10c Black (2)". *Siegel Auction Galleries*. 2006-05-13. Retrieved 2020-07-06.
21. "Auction: 1843, 30r/30r/60r Black, Se-Tenant Strip of Three (1d)". *Siegel Auction Galleries*. 2008-06-05. Archived from the original on 2020-07-06. Retrieved 2020-07-06.
22. Morgan, Helen (2006-03-14). "Post Office Mauritius (03), two pence, unused (III) - Stamp - Blue Mauritius". *Research Companion*. Archived from the original on 2017-02-24. Retrieved 2020-07-05.
23. "1.8 million euros for a postage stamp at Galerie Dreyfus Investor Basle". *Business Wire*. 2011-06-09. Archived from the original on 2011-08-20. Retrieved 2020-07-05.
24. "Stamp News". *sammler.com*. 2011-06-25. Archived from the original on 2019-10-21. Retrieved 2020-07-06.
25. ""The Whole Country is Red" fetched $2 million at China Guardian auction – World Stamp News". *Find your stamps value online*. 2018-11-28. Archived from the original on 2020-07-05. Retrieved 2020-07-05.
26. "David Feldman Spring Auctions, April 1–5, 2008, Feature Great Results for Rarities". David Feldman. Archived from the original on 2008-06-13. Retrieved 2008-04-07.
27. Healey, Matthew (2018-11-15). "Nov. 15 Jenny Invert sale sets record". *Linns Stamp News*. Archived from the original on 2019-12-25. Retrieved 2020-07-05.
28. "Stamp Sells for £1 Million at Auction". Archived from the original on 2011-07-03. Retrieved 2011-07-01.
29. "Mauritius 2d Post Office sells for £900,000 - World". *Stamp Magazine*. 2019-02-16. Archived from the original on 2018-01-11. Retrieved 2020-07-05.
30. Morgan, Helen (2006-03-14). "Post Office Mauritius (10), one penny, unused (X) - Stamp - Blue Mauritius". *Research Companion*. Archived from the original on 2017-02-25. Retrieved 2020-07-05.
31. "Auction: 3c Rose, B. Grill (82)". *Siegel Auction Galleries*. 2008-10-28. Archived from the original on 2020-07-06. Retrieved 2020-07-06.
32. ""1897 Red Revenue Small One Dollar" stamp sells for $970,000 at auction". *NewsComAu*. 2013-07-03. Archived from the original on 2020-03-28. Retrieved 2020-07-05.
33. "The Honolulu Advertiser Collection". *Siegel Auction Galleries*. 1921-06-23. Archived from the original on 2020-07-06. Retrieved 2020-07-06.


title: Winchester RFC

abstract: Winchester RFC is an English rugby union club affiliated with the Hampshire RFU. Winchester currently run four senior men's teams – 1st XV – who play in Regional 2 South Central, 2nd XV – who play in Hampshire 2, a 3rd XV – who play in Hampshire 4 and the Knights – largely a veteran's side who play in Hampshire 5. There is a Women's team and mini and juniors and Colts sides covering all age groups from U5s upwards.

text:
# Winchester RFC

**Winchester RFC** is an English rugby union club affiliated with the Hampshire RFU. Winchester currently run four senior men's teams – 1st XV – who play in Regional 2 South Central, 2nd XV – who play in Hampshire 2, a 3rd XV – who play in Hampshire 4 and the Knights – largely a veteran's side who play in Hampshire 5. There is a Women's team and mini and juniors and Colts sides covering all age groups from U5s upwards.

## History

Winchester was founded in autumn 1929 when 17 rugby enthusiasts met at the Cart & Horses pub in Kings Worthy. Up until 1971 their home ground was a field rented from a farmer in Kings Worthy when they moved to their present 10 acre ground at North Walls Park off Hilliers Way.

In 1994 local businessman Ashley Levett whose sons played in the mini and junior sections invested in the club and funded an extension the clubhouse which was originally built in 1973. Levett secured the services of Winchester's first paid coach Phil Davies who orchestrated Winchester being promoted from Hampshire 1 to London Division 1 in four years and winning two Hampshire Cup victories. Levett also purchased Richmond turning them into the first professional team in England but RFU rules prevented him having financial interests in two clubs and he departed Winchester.

## League record

**Winchester League Record**
| Season | Division | Tier | Pts | Position | Outcome |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1987–88 | London 3 South West | 7 | 8 | 8 | relegated |
| 1988–89 | Hampshire 1 | 8 | 6 | 10 |  |
| 1989–90 | Hampshire 1 | 8 | 13 | 3 |  |
| 1990–91 | Hampshire 1 | 8 | 18 | 1 | champions, promoted |
| 1991–92 | London 3 South West | 7 | 9 | 6 |  |
| 1992–93 | London 3 South West | 7 | 10 | 8 |  |
| 1993–94 | London 3 South West | 7 | 3 | 12 | relegated |
| 1994–95 | Hampshire 1 | 8 | 16 | 3 |  |
| 1995–96 | Hampshire 1 | 8 | 24 | 1 | champions, promoted |
| 1996–97 | London 3 South West | 7 | 20 | 1 | champions, promoted |
| 1997–98 | London 2 South | 6 | 26 | 2 | runners-up |
| 1998–99 | London 2 South | 6 | 28 | 1/15 | champions, promoted |
| 1999–00 | London Division 1 | 5 | 20 | 7/17 |  |
| 2000–01 | London Division 1 | 5 | 10 | 9/11 |  |
| 2001–02 | London Division 1 | 5 | 14 | 10/12 |  |
| 2002–03 | London Division 1 | 5 | 16 | 10/12 | relegated |
| 2003–04 | London 2 South | 6 | 16 | 10/12 | relegated |
| 2004–05 | London 3 South West | 7 | 21 | 4/12 |  |
| 2005–06 | London 3 South West | 7 | 22 | 5/12 |  |
| 2006–07 | London 3 South West | 7 | 22 | 6/12 |  |
| 2007–08 | London 3 South West | 7 | 22 | 6/12 |  |
| 2008–09 | London 3 South West | 7 | 9 | 12/12 |  |
| 2009–10 | London 2 South West | 7 | 9 | 12/12 | relegated |
| 2010–11 | London 3 South West | 8 | 51 | 8/12 |  |
| 2011–12 | London 3 South West | 8 | 68 | 5/12 |  |
| 2012–13 | London 3 South West | 8 | 93 | 1/12 | champions, promoted |
| 2013–14 | London 2 South West | 7 | 47 | 7/12 |  |
| 2014–15 | London 2 South West | 7 | 72 | 3/12 |  |
| 2015–16 | London 2 South West | 7 | 71 | 4/12 |  |
| 2016–17 | London 2 South West | 7 | 51 | 7/12 |  |
| 2017–18 | London 2 South West | 7 | 36 | 11/12 | relegated |
| 2018–19 | London 3 South West | 8 | 99 | 1/12 | champions, promoted |
| 2019–20 | London 2 South West | 7 | 66 | 4/12 | league suspended |
|

**Winchester II League Record**
| Season | Division | Tier | Pts | Position | Outcome |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2002–03 | Senior Merit |  |  |  | champions |
| 2008–09 | Senior Merit |  | 22 | 4/9 |  |
| 2009–10 | Senior Merit |  | 14 | 10/10 | relegated |
| 2010–11 | Merit One |  | 78 | 1/12 | champions |
| 2011–12 | Merit One |  | 70 | 2/12 | runners up |
| 2012–13 | Merit One |  | 74 | 1/12 | champions, promoted |
| 2013–14 | Senior Merit |  | 21 | 6/9 |  |
| 2014–15 | Solent League |  | 50 | 3/10 |  |
| 2015–16 | Solent League |  | 27 | 4/8 |  |
| 2016–17 | Solent League |  | 14 | 6/8 |  |
| 2017–18 | Solent 1 |  | 24 | 6/8 |  |
| 2018–19 | Hampshire 1 | 10 | 0 | 12/12 | relegated |
| 2019–20 | Hampshire 2 | 11 | 81 | 2/12 | league suspended |
|

1. Was not able to fulfill all fixtures so relegated with 0 points
2. League suspended on 16 March 2020 due to Coronavirus

**Winchester Knights/III League Record**
| Season | Division | Tier | Pts | Position | Outcome |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2008–09 | Merit One |  | 35 | 2/10 | runners up |
| 2009–10 | Merit One |  | 40 | 1/9 | champions, relegated |
| 2010–11 | Merit Two |  | 65 | 4/12 |  |
| 2011–12 | Merit Two |  | 60 | 3/11 |  |
| 2012–13 | Merit Two |  | 75 | 1/11 | champions, promoted |
| 2013–14 | Merit One |  | 35 | 6/11 |  |
| 2014–15 | Hampshire South West |  | 83 | 1/12 | champions |
| 2015–16 | Solent League 2 |  | 11 | 8/8 |  |
| 2016–17 | Solent League 2 |  | 19 | 12/12 |  |
| 2017–18 | Waterfall Solent 2 |  | 42 | 3/12 |  |
| 2018–19 | Hampshire 2 | 11 | 61 | 6/12 | relegated |
| 2019–20 | Hampshire 3 | 12 | 53 | 5/19 | league suspended |
|

1. Relegated due to Winchester II relegated from division above
2. Relegated due to Winchester II relegated from division above
3. League suspended on 16 March 2020 due to Coronavirus

## Honours

**Men's 1st XV**

**Youth/Colts**

* Hampshire Colts Division 1 champions: 2018–19
* Hampshire Colts Division 1 champions: 2022–23
* Hampshire Colts Division 3 SW champions: 2018–19

## Notable club members

1. When London 2 South West was known as London 3 South West (not to be confused with the current London 3 South West).
1. "HRFU Club Directory". Hampshire RFU. Retrieved 2019-01-27.
2. "Winchester RFC through the years". Hampshire Chronicle. Retrieved 2019-01-27.
3. Smith, John (2009). *Come On Winch!*. p. 90.
4. Smith, John (2009). *Come On Winch!*. p. 130.
5. "Hampshire Club Competition History" (PDF). Hampshire RFU. Retrieved 2019-01-27.
6. "Colts Standings Div 1-3". Hampshire RFU. Retrieved 2019-03-13.
7. "Ben Donnell". England Rugby. Retrieved 2019-08-20.
8. "Ben Donnell". England Rugby. Retrieved 2020-02-13.
9. "Hotshots Harlequins Centre Joe Marchant". Rugby World. Retrieved 2019-01-29.
10. "Representative History of the European Championships" (PDF). internationaltouch.org. Retrieved 2021-09-27.
11. "Fields bids farewell to Winchester after seven years". Daily Echo. Retrieved 2019-05-05.
12. "Pountney and the forgotten F word". Independent. Retrieved 2019-01-29.
13. "Hampshire full of pride for LeRoy". Daily Echo. Retrieved 2019-01-28.
14. "Hidden notebooks reveal remarkable sporting life". Worcester News. Retrieved 2019-01-28.
15. "Winchester's rugby club hits 80". bbc.co.uk. 2 December 2009. Retrieved 2019-01-28.

## InfoBox

Winchester RFC
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Winchester Rugby Football Club |
| Union | English RFU |
| Nickname(s) | Winch |
| Founded | 1929 (1929) |
| Location | Winchester, Hampshire, England |
| Region | Hampshire RFU |
| Ground(s) | North Walls Park |
| Chairman | Steve Barrow |
| Coach(es) | Matt Stagg (DoR), Gareth Martin & Chris Searle (1stXV), Sam Mann (2ndXV), Rob West (Knights) |
| Captain(s) | Matt Golding (1stXV), George Porter (2ndXV), Martin Raper (3rdXV), Matt Stagg (Knights) |
| League(s) | Regional 2 South Central |
| 2023–24 | 2nd |
| Official website | |
| www.winchesterrugby.com | |


title: 1987 in sumo

text:
# 1987 in sumo

The following are the events in professional sumo during 1987.

## Tournaments

## News

### January

* 25: Chiyonofuji wins his twentieth *yūshō*, becoming the third man after Taihō and Kitanoumi to reach this landmark. He defeats fellow *yokozuna* Futahaguro in a playoff after both men finish on 12–3. Futahaguro had beaten Chiyonofuji in their regulation match but could not do so a second time. Although this is his sixth runner-up performance, his first top division championship continues to elude him. *Sekiwake* Konishiki scores 10–5 and wins the Outstanding performance prize for his wins over both yokozuna. Masurao wins the Technique Award. Former *komusubi* Ōyutaka, who lost *sekitori* status in 1985, announces his retirement. He assumes the Arashio *toshiyori* or elder name and stays on as a coach at his stable.

### March

* 22: Ōzeki Hokutoumi wins his second championship with a score of 12–3, finishing one win ahead of stablemate Chiyonofuji and Konishiki on 11–4. New *komusubi* Masurao has a superb tournament, defeating two *yokozuna* and four *ōzeki* in the first seven days and is awarded the Outstanding Performance prize. Hananoumi wins the Technique prize and Tochinowaka the Fighting Spirit Award. Futahaguro drops out on the tenth day. In jūryō Takamisugi wins the *yūshō* while Kaiki announces his retirement. He stays in sumo as Takashima Oyakata.

### May

* 24: Ōzeki Onokuni wins his first *yūshō* with a perfect 15–0 record. He is the first man other than Chiyonofuji to win in the Ryōgoku Kokugikan which opened over two years before in January 1985. Runner-up is Hokutoumi on 13–2, who is promoted to *yokozuna* after the tournament. Kokonoe stable becomes the first since Takasago in 1949 to have two active *yokozuna* simultaneously. Konishiki is also promoted to *ōzeki* after a fine 12–3 score, becoming the first foreigner ever to reach sumo's second highest rank. He wins the fighting spirit prize while the other *sekiwake* Asahifuji gets the Technique prize. Masurao has another giant-killing tournament and wins another Outstanding performance prize. The *jūryō yūshō* is won by Onohana; the *makushita* championship by Akinoshima. Former *sekiwake* Kaneshiro (also known as Tochihikari) retires rather than face demotion to *makushita*. Unable to obtain elder stock, he leaves the sumo world.

### July

* 19: After an unremarkable 10–5 last time out, Chiyonofuji wins the *yūshō* in style with a 14–1 record. Ōnokuni turns in another good performance, finishing runner-up on 12–3. New *yokozuna* Hokutoumi wins eleven bouts and new *ōzeki* Konishiki is on 9–6. Futahaguro can manage only 8–7. Ōzeki Wakashimazu retires, leaving Futagoyama stable without anyone in *san'yaku* for the first time in 15 years. Also announcing his retirement is Hattori (also known as Fujinokawa), a former amateur champion who was plagued by injuries in his four years as a professional. Special prizes are awarded to Asahifuji for Technique, Tochinowaka for Outstanding Performance and Dewanohana for Fighting Spirit. Veteran former *sekiwake* Masudayama wins the *jūryō* championship.

### September

* 27: Hokutoumi wins his first championship as a *yokozuna* with a 14–1 record. His only defeat is to Ōnokuni, whose 13–2 runner-up performance earns him promotion to *yokozuna* as well. Asahifuji is simultaneously promoted to *ōzeki* after scoring 12–3 and winning Technique and Fighting Spirit prizes. Konishiki also finishes in third on 12–3. Sakahoko is awarded the Outstanding Performance prize for his defeat of Chiyonofuji on Day 6. (Chiyonofuji later withdrew from the tournament because of injury.) The lightweight *jūryō* veteran Hachiya retires and becomes Onogawa Oyakata.

### November

* 22: Chiyonofuji returns from injury to win his 22nd yūshō with a perfect 15–0 record (his fourth). Futahaguro has his best performance for some time, finishing runner-up on 13–2 alongside Hokutoumi. Ōnokuni can manage only 8–7 in his *yokozuna* debut. Sakahoko wins his second Outstanding performance prize in a row — he had defeated two *ōzeki* and a *yokozuna* in the first three days. Tochitsukasa receives the Technique award. Nankairyu from Western Samoa, only the third non-Japanese to reach the top division, scores 8–7 on his debut in *makuuchi*. Former *sekiwake* Hō'ō wins the jūryō division *yūshō* for the fourth time.

### December

* 31: Futahaguro is forced to retire by the Sumo Association after a heated argument with his stablemaster (former *sekiwake* Haguroyama) four days earlier led to him storming out of the stable, allegedly slapping his boss's wife on the way. He becomes the first *yokozuna* ever to be forced out of the sumo world.

## Deaths


title: Tish Sommers

abstract: Letitia "Tish" Innes Sommers was an American author, women's rights activist, and the co-founder and first president of the Older Women's League (OWL).

text:
# Tish Sommers

**Letitia "Tish" Innes Sommers** (September 8, 1914 – October 18, 1985) was an American author, women's rights activist, and the co-founder and first president of the Older Women's League (OWL).

## Early life and education

Letitia Gale Innes was born in Cambria, California and raised in San Francisco, the daughter of Murray Innes and Katherine Dorsch Innes. Her father was a mining engineer, and her mother was a teacher. She studied dance as a young woman, including three years in Germany in the 1930s. She attended the University of California, Los Angeles.

## Career and activism

During World War II, Innes worked in the parks department in Los Angeles. In 1945 she directed a youth theatrical production in Los Angeles with over 150 youth participants, and chaired the program for a "thanksgiving harvest festival" in the city. In the 1950s, Sommers and her second husband worked for social and civil rights causes in the South.

In the 1970s, Sommers became focused on feminist issues, especially involving older women. With the help of her friend Laurie Shields, she successfully lobbied 39 states and Congress to pass displaced homemaker laws, which offered a network of job training and counseling centers for career housewives who went through divorce or the death of a husband. Sommers coined the phrase "displaced homemaker."

Sommers chaired the National Organization for Women's task force on older women in the 1970s. She was also a NOW board member and led the Jobs for Older Women Action Project. She co-founded the Older Women's League with Laurie Shields in 1980, and was its first president.

Sommers was named one of the "Bay Area's Ten Most Distinguished Persons" by the *San Francisco Chronicle* in 1974. She testified before a Senate committee on aging and Social Security in 1975. She won the Western Gerontological Society Award in 1979, and the Unitarian Universalist Women's Federation's Ministry to Women Award in 1981. In 1982, already facing a cancer diagnosis, she was keynote speaker at a conference on employment at Sonoma State University. In 1983, she testified before a Congressional hearing on Medicare and aging. In 1984, she once again spoke before a Congressional committee on aging and healthcare.

## Publications

* *The not-so-helpless female: How to change the world even if you never thought you could; A step-by-step guide to social action* (1973)
* "Freelance Agitator Argues for Hiring Changes: Look Out Job Market!" (1978)
* "If We Could Write the Script..." (1980)
* "If I Had a Billion..." (1981)
* "Caregiving: A Woman's Issue" (1985)
* "Three Caregivers Tell Their Stories: Seriously Near the Breaking Point" (1985)
* *Women Take Care: The Consequences of Caregiving in Today's Society* (1987, with Laurie Shields)

## Personal life and legacy

Innes married Sidney Arnold Burke in 1938; they later divorced. She married fellow activist Joseph Sommers in 1949; they adopted a son, and divorced in 1972. "Undoubtedly the divorce was, in part, my own awakening," she later recalled. Sommers died from cancer in 1985 at the age of 71, in Oakland. Some of her papers are held in the San Diego State University Libraries. The Institute for Health and Aging at the University of California, San Francisco established the Tish Sommers Senior Scholars program to honor her; it supports the work of older graduate and postdoctoral students working to improve the lives of older women. In 1991, a biography of her was published, titled *Tish Sommers, Activist: and the Founding of the Older Women's League*.

## InfoBox

| Tish Sommers | |
| --- | --- |
| Tish Sommers, from a 1982 newspaper | |
| Born | Letitia Gale Innes
(1914-09-08)September 8, 1914
Cambria, California |
| Died | October 18, 1985(1985-10-18) (aged 71)
Oakland, California |
| Other names | Letitia Burke, Letitia Sommers |
| Occupation(s) | Activist, writer |


title: Padley Gorge

abstract: Padley Gorge is a deep but narrow valley in the Peak District, Derbyshire between the village of Grindleford and the A6187 road. The gorge is wooded with a stream, the Burbage Brook. This stream used to form the boundary between Derbyshire and Yorkshire, but the boundary now follows the Hathersage Road, the A6187, formerly the A625. It is one of the furthest inland examples of temperate rainforest in the UK. The gorge begins near Grindleford Station at a stile where a post has been installed. Although the valley continues up towards Hathersage Road and Burbage, the gorge finishes at the edge of the woodland. Padley Gorge forms the backbone of several walks in the area and the railway station approach road forms a convenient car park for walkers. A short distance from the upper section of the gorge is the Fox House, a pub and hotel on the road to Sheffield. Longshaw Estate is equally close and its lands include the gorge. The lands to the north and east of the gorge are moorland with relics of stone circles, for example the Stoke Flatt stone circle on Froggatt Edge and Bronze Age field system at Swine Sty. The valley is part of the Yarncliff Wood, Padley Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), designated in 1972 as "the best example of the remnant oak-birch woodland that once covered much of the edges of the gritstone uplands of the Peak District". The citation mentions three species of Umbilicaria lichen said to be very rare in the Midlands, and describes the site as a breeding site for pied flycatcher, wood warbler and hawfinch. Padley Gorge is a popular tourist spot, and as of May 2020 has a five-star rating on TripAdvisor.

text:
# Padley Gorge

**Padley Gorge** is a deep but narrow valley in the Peak District, Derbyshire between the village of Grindleford and the A6187 road.

The gorge is wooded with a stream, the Burbage Brook. This stream used to form the boundary between Derbyshire and Yorkshire, but the boundary now follows the Hathersage Road, the A6187, formerly the A625.

It is one of the furthest inland examples of temperate rainforest in the UK.

The gorge begins near Grindleford Station at a stile where a post has been installed. Although the valley continues up towards Hathersage Road and Burbage, the gorge finishes at the edge of the woodland. Padley Gorge forms the backbone of several walks in the area and the railway station approach road forms a convenient car park for walkers.

A short distance from the upper section of the gorge is the Fox House, a pub and hotel on the road to Sheffield. Longshaw Estate is equally close and its lands include the gorge. The lands to the north and east of the gorge are moorland with relics of stone circles, for example the Stoke Flatt stone circle on Froggatt Edge and Bronze Age field system at Swine Sty.

The valley is part of the Yarncliff Wood, Padley Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), designated in 1972 as "the best example of the remnant oak-birch woodland that once covered much of the edges of the gritstone uplands of the Peak District". The citation mentions three species of *Umbilicaria* lichen said to be very rare in the Midlands, and describes the site as a breeding site for pied flycatcher, wood warbler and hawfinch.

Padley Gorge is a popular tourist spot, and as of May 2020 has a five-star rating on TripAdvisor.

53°18′20″N 1°37′29″W / 53.3055°N 1.6248°W / 53.3055; -1.6248

## InfoBox

| Padley Gorge | |
| --- | --- |
| Padley Gorge | |
| Geography | |
| Location | Peak District, Derbyshire |
| Coordinates | 53°18′20″N 1°37′29″W / 53.3055°N 1.6248°W / 53.3055; -1.6248 |
| River | Burbage Brook |


title: Northend, Buckinghamshire

abstract: Northend is a village that straddles the border of the two English counties of Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire. The eastern half is in the civil parish of Turville in Buckinghamshire, while the western half is across the border into Oxfordshire, in the Watlington parish.

text:
# Northend, Buckinghamshire

**Northend** is a village that straddles the border of the two English counties of Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire. The eastern half is in the civil parish of Turville in Buckinghamshire, while the western half is across the border into Oxfordshire, in the Watlington parish.

## InfoBox

| Northend | |
| --- | --- |
| NorthendLocation within Buckinghamshire | |
| OS grid reference | SU735925 |
| Civil parish |  |
| District |  |
| Unitary authority |  |
| Shire county |  |
| Ceremonial county |  |
| Region |  |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | HENLEY-ON-THAMES |
| Postcode district | RG9 |
|  | |
| Police | Thames Valley |
| Fire | Buckinghamshire |
| Ambulance | South Central |
|  | |
| UK Parliament |  |
|


title: Orthetrum robustum

abstract: Orthetrum robustum is a freshwater dragonfly species, which occurs in Botswana, Namibia, South Africa and Zambia. The common name for this species is robust skimmer. It breeds inreedy swamps and woodland close to such swamps.

text:
# Orthetrum robustum

***Orthetrum robustum*** is a freshwater dragonfly species, which occurs in Botswana, Namibia, South Africa and Zambia. The common name for this species is **robust skimmer**. It breeds inreedy swamps and woodland close to such swamps.

## InfoBox

| *Orthetrum robustum* | |
| --- | --- |
| Conservation status | |
|
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Odonata |
| Infraorder: | Anisoptera |
| Family: | Libellulidae |
| Genus: | *Orthetrum* |
| Species: | ***O. robustum*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Orthetrum robustum***
(Balinsky, 1965) | |
|


title: Marge Anderson

abstract: Marjorie Ann "Marge" Anderson was an Ojibwe Elder and politician for the Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe, located in east-central Minnesota.

text:
# Marge Anderson

**Marjorie Ann "Marge" (née Davis) Anderson** (April 21, 1932 – June 29, 2013) was an Ojibwe Elder and politician for the Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe, located in east-central Minnesota.

## Biography

Mille Lacs Band Elder Marge Anderson was born on the Mille Lacs Reservation, was fluent in the Ojibwe language, and had served more than 30 years in the Band's tribal government.

Anderson began her public service in 1976 as District I Representative. She then served as Secretary/Treasurer from 1987 to 1991 before being appointed Chairman of the Mille Lacs Band in 1991 after Arthur Gahbow died while in office. She was elected to the post in 1992 (with the post changing its title from Chairman to the Chief Executive) and elected again in 1996. In 2000 Melanie Benjamin replaced her as Chief Executive until December 2008, when Anderson won the post back in a special election. Then in 2012 Benjamin again won the post from her in another election. As the Chief Executive, Anderson was the first woman to lead the Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe, and indeed the first woman to lead any Minnesota Indian tribe. During her tenure as Chief Executive, Anderson had led the development of Grand Casino Mille Lacs and Grand Casino Hinckley and the rebuilding of the reservation through new schools, clinics, community centers, housing, a water treatment plant, and other infrastructure. Her efforts to strengthen tribal self-governance and increase American Indians’ self-sufficiency had received national recognition. She died in the small Minnesota city of Onamia.

## InfoBox

| Marge Anderson | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Marjorie Ann Davis
(1932-04-21)April 21, 1932
Mille Lacs Reservation (located in central Minnesota, USA) |
| Died | June 29, 2013(2013-06-29) (aged 81)
Onamia, Minnesota, USA |
| Nationality | Ojibwe |
| Other names | Marjorie Ann Anderson |
| Occupation(s) | Elder, politician |
| Years active | 1976-2012 |


title: 1991 Estonian SSR Football Championship

abstract: The 1991 Estonian Football Championship was the last domestic top competition before Estonia regained independence from the Soviet Union in August 1991. Thirteen teams competed in this edition, with FC TVMK Tallinn winning the title. Although the league ended when Estonia was an independent state, Estonian Football Association decided not to count it as an official Estonian championship season.

text:
# 1991 Estonian SSR Football Championship

The **1991 Estonian Football Championship** was the last domestic top competition before Estonia regained independence from the Soviet Union in August 1991. Thirteen teams competed in this edition, with FC TVMK Tallinn winning the title. Although the league ended when Estonia was an independent state, Estonian Football Association decided not to count it as an official Estonian championship season.

## League table

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | TVMK (C) | 24 | 18 | 3 | 3 | 73 | 17 | +56 | 39 |
| 2 | Norma | 24 | 17 | 3 | 4 | 73 | 16 | +57 | 37 |
| 3 | Eesti Põlevkivi Jõhvi | 24 | 16 | 5 | 3 | 63 | 24 | +39 | 37 |
| 4 | Eesti Fosforiit | 24 | 17 | 3 | 4 | 77 | 25 | +52 | 37 |
| 5 | Vigri/Marat | 24 | 14 | 3 | 7 | 63 | 41 | +22 | 31 |
| 6 | Kalakombinaat/MEK | 24 | 10 | 7 | 7 | 30 | 28 | +2 | 27 |
| 7 | Kohtla-Järve Keemik | 24 | 7 | 6 | 11 | 41 | 51 | 10 | 20 |
| 8 | Narva Autobaas | 24 | 7 | 6 | 11 | 26 | 49 | 23 | 20 |
| 9 | Viljandi | 24 | 8 | 2 | 14 | 30 | 45 | 15 | 18 |
| 10 | Narva Baltika | 24 | 4 | 7 | 13 | 24 | 64 | 40 | 15 |
| 11 | Tempo | 24 | 4 | 6 | 14 | 27 | 70 | 43 | 14 |
| 12 | Sillamäe Kalev | 24 | 4 | 4 | 16 | 37 | 73 | 36 | 12 |
| 13 | Dvigatel | 24 | 2 | 1 | 21 | 16 | 77 | 61 | 5 |

Source:
(C) Champions   "Estonia 1991". *RSSSF*.

## InfoBox

Estonian SSR Higher League
| Season | 1991 |
| --- | --- |
| Champions | TVMK
2nd Title |
| Top goalscorer | Andrei Krõlov (21)
Vigri |
| 1990 1992 Meistriliiga | |


# List of most expensive houses in Hong Kong

## By transaction amount

Below lists some of the **most expensive houses in Hong Kong** which have been sold. Houses which have high listing prices but have not yet been sold are not included. Additionally, houses which were bundled together and sold in one transaction are also not included. Selling price is at the time of transaction, and is not adjusted for inflation.

Most expensive houses in Hong Kong
| Rank | Address | Sale Year | Selling Price (HKD) | Square Feet
(Saleable) | Square Feet
(Gross) | HKD per Square
Foot
(Gross) | Notes | References |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 75 Deep Water Bay Road | 2017 | $2,500,000,000 | 13,854 |  | $156,000 | Bought by Pan Sutong |  |
| 2 | 15 Gough Hill Road | 2016 | $2,100,000,000 |  | 9,212? | $228,000 saleable | Bought by Cheng Hongtian This price is not strictly a reference because payment of transaction involved a mainland property, i.e. not ‘all-cash’
Seized by creditors in 2023 |  |
| 3 | 22 Barker Road | 2015 | $1,500,000,000 |  | 9,890? |  | Bought by Zhang Songqiao |  |
| 4 | 81 Perkins Road, Jardine's Lookout | 2019 |  | 5,540 |  | $145,000 | Bought by Hopson Dev's chairman |  |
| 5 | House 3 8 Mount Nicholson Road | 2017 | $1,164,000,000 |  | 9,178? | $126,813 |  |  |
| 6 | House 1 8 Mount Nicholson Road | 2016 | $1,080,000,000 |  | 9,950 | $108,543 |  |  |
| 7 | 2 Headland Road | 2016 | $1,020,000,000 | 11,937 |  |  | Bought by Nicholas Chu. HK$85,448 per saleable square foot |  |
| 8 | House 15 8 Mount Nicholson Road | 2019 | $916,000,000 | 5,778 |  | $158,532 |  |  |
| 9 | House 3 28 Gough Hill Road | 2018 | $900,000,000 |  | 5,579 | $161,319 | Bought by Pansy Ho |  |
| 10 | 59 Mount Kellett Road | 2023 | $900,000,000 | 7,111 |  | $126,564 |  |  |
| 11 | House 7 15 Shouson Road | 2022 | $870,000,000 | 8,032 |  | $108,347 |  |  |
| 12 | Twenty Peak Road by V | 2023 | $860,000,000 | 4,470 |  | $181,435 |  |  |
| 13 | 20 Perkins Road | 2020 | $850,000,000 | 5,353 |  |  |  |  |
| 14 | 25-26 A&B Lugard Road | 2024 | $838,000,000 |  |  | $71,703 |  |  |
| 15 | House 6 8 Mount Nicholson Road | 2016 | $830,000,000 |  | 9,455 | $87,784 |  |  |
| 16 | 6 Henderson Road | 2020 | $830,000,000 | 7,993 |  |  |  |  |
| 17 | 35 South Bay Road | 2014 | $808,000,000 |  |  |  | 7,294 sqft on 18,800 sqft plot. Bought by Salata Jean Eric |  |
| 18 | Skyhigh House A 10 Pollock's Path | 2011 | $800,000,000 | 5,876 | 8,302 | $96,362 | Built by Ryoden Development and Stephen Chow |  |
| 19 | House 17 8 Mount Nicholson Road | 2018 | $780,000,000 |  | 7,984 | $97,695 |  |  |
| 20 | House 8 28 Barker Road | 2013 | $740,000,000 | 5,288 | 6,863 |  | Bought by Raymond Li |  |
| 21 | House 8 Twelve Peaks
12 Mount Kellett Road | 2018 | $730,000,000 | 5,221 |  | $139,820 |  | Centadata |
| 22 | House 16 8 Mount Nicholson Road | 2018 | $721,880,000 | 5,019 | 7,987 | $90,484 |  |  |
| 23 | House 6 28 Barker Road | 2015 | $698,000,000 | 5,286 |  |  |  | Centadata |
| 24 | House 7 28 Barker Road | 2014 | $690,000,000 | 5,273 | 6,847 |  | Bought by Qian Fenglei |  |
| 25 | House 1 11 Plantation Road | 2018 | $690,000,000 | 8,609 |  |  |  |  |
| 26 | House 1 Twelve Peaks
12 Mount Kellett Road | 2018 | $666,520,000 | 4,858 |  | $137,201 |  |  |
| 27 | House 6 23-39 Blue Pool Road | 2020 | $660,000,000 | 4,581 |  |  |  |  |
| 28 | 3 Gough Hill Road | 2013 | $650,000,000 |  | 5,145 | $126,336 | Sold by Peter Law Kin Sang |  |
| 29 | House 16D 8 Mount Nicholson Road | 2021 | $639,796,000 | 4,544 |  |  | Included 3 parking spots. $140,800 per net sq ft |  |
| 30 | TBD Unit Twelve Peaks
12 Mount Kellett Road | 2018 | $620,500,000 |  | 4,784 | $129,703 |  |  |
| 31 | House 19 8 Mount Nicholson Road | 2017 | $620,000,000 |  | 7,981 | $77,685 |  |  |
| 32 | House 2 11 Plantation Road | 2018 | $620,000,000 | 7,941 |  |  |  |  |
| 33 | Tower 1, Flat 1B 8 Deep Water Bay Drive | 2019 | $605,440,000 | 7,568 |  | $80,000 |  |  |
| 34 | 77B 77-79 Peak Road | 2021 | $600,880,000 | 5,149 |  |  |  |  |
| 35 | House 12D 8 Mount Nicholson Road | 2017 | $600,000,000 |  | 4,579? | $131,000 |  |  |
| 36 | 77A 77-79 Peak Road | 2021 | $598,000,000 | 5,926 |  |  |  |  |
| 37 | House 11D 8 Mount Nicholson Road | 2018 | $590,190,000 |  | 4,596 | $128,414 |  |  |
| 38 | House 15C 8 Mount Nicholson Road | 2022 | $583,200,000 | 4,230 |  |  | $137,870 per net sq foot. Includes 2 parking spaces |  |
| 39 | House 22 8 Mount Nicholson Road | 2019 | $580,890,000 | 4,678 |  | $124,174 |  |  |
| 40 | 8 Pollock's Path | 2011 | $580,000,000 |  | 11,222 | $51,684 |  |  |
| 41 | House 16C 8 Mount Nicholson Road | 2021 | $560,920,000 | 4,186 |  |  | $134,000 per net sq ft |  |
| 42 | House 12C 8 Mount Nicholson Road | 2017 | $560,000,000 |  | 4,242? | $132,000 |  |  |
| 43 | 77F 77-79 Peak Road | 2021 | $558,150,000 | 4,621 |  |  |  |  |
| 44 | 77D 77-79 Peak Road | 2021 | $551,410,000 | 5,208 |  |  |  |  |
| 45 | House 5 11 Plantation Road | 2018 | $550,000,000 | 6,815 |  |  |  |  |
| 46 | House 11C 8 Mount Nicholson Road | 2018 | $547,810,000 |  | 4,266 | $128,413 |  |  |
| 47 | House 5 28 Barker Road | 2015 | $542,000,000 | 4,270 |  |  |  | Centadata |
| 48 | House 21 8 Mount Nicholson Road | 2019 | $538,900,000 | 4,061 |  | $132,701 |  |  |
| 49 | House 3 28 Barker Road | 2013 | $538,000,000 | 4,274 | 5,706 |  | Owned by Vivien Chan |  |
| 50 | Tower D, 10/F 8 Mount Nicholson Road | 2020 | $533,140,000 | 4,517 |  |  |  |  |
| 51 | House 2 28 Barker Road | 2014 | $530,000,000 | 4,226 |  |  |  | Centadata |
| 52 | House 3 11 Plantation Road | 2018 | $530,000,000 | 6,600 |  |  |  |  |
| 53 | House 5 28 Barker Road | 2020 | $530,000,000 | 4,270 |  |  |  |  |
| 54 | Tower D, 9/F 8 Mount Nicholson Road | 2020 | $528,540,000 | 4,517 |  |  |  |  |
| 55 | TBD Unit 39 Conduit Road | 2017 | $522,000,000 |  |  | $105,000 | TBD Unit |  |
| 56 | No. 12 90 Repulse Bay Road | 2019 | $520,000,000 | 6,068 |  |  |  |  |
| 57 | Tower D, 8/F 8 Mount Nicholson Road | 2018 | $519,990,000 | 4,517 |  |  |  |  |
| 58 | House 6 11 Plantation Road | 2018 | $510,000,000 | 6,372 |  |  |  |  |
| 59 | House 6 11 Plantation Road | 2018 | $510,000,000 | 6,372 |  |  |  |  |
| 60 | No. 3 90 Repulse Bay Road | 2019 | $503,880,000 | 5,851 |  |  |  |  |
|  | House 1 28 Barker Road | 2015 | $500,000,000 | 3,990 |  |  |  | Centadata |

## By valuation

Below are the top 10 most expensive houses in Hong Kong. Prices (valuation) are based on best estimates in 2023. Factors determining prices include location, view, built quality, past transactions, media reports and annual figures published by Rating and Valuation Department of the Government. Rankings are based on per square foot. Note other houses under the table with values close to ones within the top 10 list.

| Rank | Address | Price/valuation | Square Feet (approx. saleable) | HKD per Square Foot | Notes | References |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 2 Goldsmith Road, Jardine's Lookout
渣甸山高士美道 | HK$2.5b | 10,000 | 250,000 | Joseph Lau Luen-hung's residence 270-degree harbour view |  |
| 2 | 75 Deep Water Bay Road 深水灣道 | HK$3.3b | 13,800 | 240,000 | Sold by Pu Sutong in 2021 for HK$3.3b
Ocean, golf course view |  |
| 3 | 1 Peak Road 山頂道 | HK$2.1b | 9,000 | 230,000 | Sold by Jin Yong in 1996 for HK$1.96m who bought in 1985 for HK$ 12.5m
Above Wan Chai Gap |  |
| 4 | 25 Cooper Road, Jardine's Lookout
渣甸山谷柏道 | HK$2.2b | 10,000 | 220,000 | Bought by Stanley Ho in 1972 for HK$1.75m Designed by architect Joseph Fung
Harbour view/over HK Stadium |  |
| 5 | 79 Deep Water Bay Road 深水灣道 | HK$ 2b | 9,000 | 220,000 | Li Ka-shing's residence Ocean, golf course view |  |
| 6 | 37 Deep Water Bay Road 深水灣道 | HK$1.76b | 8,000 | 220,000 | Bought by Cannong Fok in 2007 for HK$ 350m Developed by National Properties Designed by architect Joseph Fung |  |
| 7 | 22 Barker Road, The Peak
山頂白加道 | HK$2.7b | 12,400 | 210,000 | Bought by Jack Ma in 2015 for HK$1.5b (150,000/sq.ft.) |  |
| 8 | 1 Repulse Bay Road 淺水灣道 | HK$2.3b | 11,000 | 210,000 | Bought by Stanley Ho in 1966 for HK$700,000
Near Deep Water Bay/Wan Chai Gap |  |
| 9 | 89 Repulse Bay Road 淺水灣道 | HK$3.6b | 18,000 | 200,000 | Residence of C-Bons' founder Ranked no.1 by Ratings Dept. in 2018 |  |
| 10 | 13 Big Wave Road Shek O\*
大浪灣道 | HK$3.6b | 20,000 | 180,000 | Pony Ma's residence |  |
| N/A | 35 Barker Road 山頂白加道 | HK$5.2b | 26,000 | 220,000 | Bought by Lee Shau-kee in 2015 for HK$1.82b in 2010 redeveloped into 3 houses (not comparable to other single houses) Ranked no.1 by Ratings Dept. in 2022 |  |
| N/A | 12 Repulse Bay Road 淺水灣道 | over HK$ 5b | 25,000 | 200,000 | Owned by New World's Cheng family (To be re-developed) |  |


title: 1987 in the United Kingdom

abstract: Events from the year 1987 in the United Kingdom. The major political event of this year is the re-election of Margaret Thatcher in June's general election, making her the longest continuously-serving Prime Minister of the United Kingdom since Lord Liverpool in the early 19th century. The year is also marked by six disasters: the 1987 United Kingdom and Ireland cold wave, the sinking of the ferry MS Herald of Free Enterprise, the Hungerford massacre, the "Great Storm", the Remembrance Day bombing and the King's Cross fire.

text:
# 1987 in the United Kingdom

Events from the year **1987 in the United Kingdom**.

The major political event of this year is the re-election of Margaret Thatcher in June's general election, making her the longest continuously-serving Prime Minister of the United Kingdom since Lord Liverpool in the early 19th century. The year is also marked by six disasters: the 1987 United Kingdom and Ireland cold wave, the sinking of the ferry MS *Herald of Free Enterprise*, the Hungerford massacre, the "Great Storm", the Remembrance Day bombing and the King's Cross fire.

## Incumbents

## Events

### January

### February

### March

### April

### May

### June

### July

### August

### September

### October

* October – Construction work begins on the extension to the M40 motorway between Oxford and Birmingham. It is hoped that the motorway, providing an alternative route to the M6 and M1 from the Midlands to London as well as improving road links with the Midlands and the South Coast ports, will be fully operational by 1990.
* 1 October
* 9 October – Margaret Thatcher tells the Conservative Party Conference in Blackpool that she wants to continue as Prime Minister until 1994 and the age of 69, which would make her Britain's oldest Prime Minister since Harold Macmillan in 1963. She is already three months away from becoming Britain's longest-serving Prime Minister this century, exceeding the previous record set by H. H. Asquith of the Liberal Party more than 70 years ago, but will be forced by her party to resign in 1990.
* 11 October – £1,000,000 *Operation Deepscan* in Loch Ness fails to locate the legendary Loch Ness Monster.
* 15–16 October – Great storm: Hurricane force winds batter much of south-east England, killing 23 people and causing extensive damage to property. Two days after the end of the storm, some 250,000 homes in the region will still be without electricity.
* 19 October
    + Black Monday: Wall Street crash leads to £50,000,000,000 being wiped of the value of shares on the London stock exchange.
    + Glanrhyd Bridge collapse: A train runs off the end of a bridge that has collapsed into the River Towy in Wales due to flooding, killing four people.
* 23 October – Retired English jockey Lester Piggott is jailed for three years after being convicted of tax evasion.
* 25 October – Peugeot begins production of its second car, the 405 four-door saloon at the Ryton plant near Coventry. The first customers are set to take delivery of their cars after Christmas. A French-built estate version will be launched next year.

### November

* November – The first acid house raves are reported in the United Kingdom, many of them being in derelict buildings.
* 1 November – British Rail establishes a world speed record for diesel traction, 148.4 mph (238.9 km/h) with a test InterCity 125 formation between Darlington and York.
* 2 November – Peter Brooke succeeds Norman Tebbit as Chairman of the Conservative Party.
* 3 November – It is announced that unemployment in Britain fell quicker during October than in any other European country.
* 5 November – London City Airport opens.
* 8 November – Enniskillen bombing: Eleven people are killed by a Provisional Irish Republican Army bomb at a Remembrance Day service in Enniskillen.
* 11 November – Customs officers in Southampton seize more than £50,000,000 worth of cocaine – the most expensive haul of the drug ever found in the UK.
* 12 November – Unemployment has fallen to 2,700,000 (just under 10% of the workforce), the lowest level of unemployment recorded in Britain for over six years.
* 17 November
    + The Government announces that the Poll tax (community charge) to fund local government will be introduced in England and Wales in April 1990.
    + *Fireman Sam*, a children's television series about a fireman voiced and narrated by John Alderton, debuts on BBC1.
* 18 November – King's Cross fire: A fire on an escalator at King's Cross station on the London Underground kills 31 people.
* 19 November – Conservative support has reached 50% in a MORI poll for the first time.
* 24 November – The Government announces that eye tests will no longer be provided free of charge by the National Health Service.

### December

* December – The British-built Peugeot 405 wins the European Car of the Year award, the first Peugeot to be given the title for nearly 20 years. British sales begin in the new year, several months after it was launched in France.
* 9 December – The England cricket team's tour of Pakistan is nearly brought to a premature end when captain Mike Gatting and umpire Shakoor Rana row during a Test Match.
* 15 December – Channel Tunnel construction is initiated, and it is expected to open in 1993 or early-1994 (in the event, it will be mid to late 1994).
* 17 December – A year that has seen an excellent performance for the British economy ends with unemployment reported to have fallen below the 2,700,000 mark; having started the year in excess of 3,000,000.
* 25 December – ITV enjoys a record breaking audience when more than 26,000,000 viewers tune in for the Christmas Day episode of Coronation Street, in which Hilda Ogden (Jean Alexander) makes her final appearance on the show after 23 years.
* 29 December – The Kylie Minogue single "I Should Be So Lucky" is released by PWL. Australian Minogue, 19, of maternal Welsh heritage, is already hugely popular with British audiences for her role in the TV soap *Neighbours* which debuted on the BBC fourteen months ago.
* 31 December – 31 British and Belgian people are recognised in the New Year Honours for heroism shown in the rescue operation at the Zeebrugge Disaster earlier in the year.

### Undated

* Inflation remains low for the sixth year running, standing at 4.2% for 1987.
* Largest ever deficit to date on UK balance of payments.
* With overall unemployment falling below 3,000,000, youth unemployment is now below the 1,000,000 mark.
* Overall economy growth for the year reaches 5.5% – the highest since 1963.

## Publications

## Births

## Deaths

### January

### February

### March

### April

### May

### June

### July

### August

### September

### October

### November

### December

## InfoBox


title: Timothy Brooks (Lord Lieutenant)

abstract: Sir Timothy Gerald Martin Brooks, KCVO (1929–2014) was an English landowner, farmer, politician and public servant. Brooks' father, the Hon. Herbert William Brooks (1890–1974), was a younger son of the 2nd Baron Crawshaw. After Eton College, he attended the Royal Agricultural College, completing a National Diploma in Agriculture in 1951. That year, he married the Hon. Ann Fremantle, daughter of the 4th Baron Cottesloe; when Lord Cottesloe died in 1958, she inherited Wistow Hall and its connected estate. The couple spent many years renovating the hall, improving the estate's farms and organising the Wistow Rural Centre. Brooks became involved in local affairs, becoming a magistrate in 1960 and serving as the High Sheriff of Leicestershire for the 1979–80 year. He sat on Harborough District Council from 1975 to 1989 and chaired it in the 1983–84 year. In 1989, he was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Leicestershire. Between then and his retirement in 2003, he received two honorary degrees and was appointed a Knight of the Order of Saint John. On retiring, Brooks was appointed a Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order. He died in 2014. His son Richard served as High Sheriff of Leicestershire in 2012.

text:
# Timothy Brooks (Lord Lieutenant)

**Sir Timothy Gerald Martin Brooks**, KCVO (1929–2014) was an English landowner, farmer, politician and public servant.

Brooks' father, the Hon. Herbert William Brooks (1890–1974), was a younger son of the 2nd Baron Crawshaw. After Eton College, he attended the Royal Agricultural College, completing a National Diploma in Agriculture in 1951. That year, he married the Hon. Ann Fremantle, daughter of the 4th Baron Cottesloe; when Lord Cottesloe died in 1958, she inherited Wistow Hall and its connected estate.

The couple spent many years renovating the hall, improving the estate's farms and organising the Wistow Rural Centre (which Brooks had established in 1953). Brooks became involved in local affairs, becoming a magistrate in 1960 and serving as the High Sheriff of Leicestershire for the 1979–80 year. He sat on Harborough District Council from 1975 to 1989 and chaired it in the 1983–84 year. In 1989, he was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Leicestershire. Between then and his retirement in 2003, he received two honorary degrees (from De Montfort University and the University of Leicester) and was appointed a Knight of the Order of Saint John.

On retiring, Brooks was appointed a Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order. He died in 2014. His son Richard served as High Sheriff of Leicestershire in 2012.


title: Padam Singh Dahiya

abstract: Padam Singh Dahiya is an Indian politician. He is from Khanda village in Sonipat district. He was a member of 10th Vidhan Sabha Haryana Legislative Assembly in Sonipat from Indian National Lok Dal Party.

text:
# Padam Singh Dahiya

**Padam Singh Dahiya** is an Indian politician. He is from Khanda village in Sonipat district. He was a member of 10th Vidhan Sabha Haryana Legislative Assembly in Sonipat from Indian National Lok Dal Party.

## Career

Dahiya entered in politics in 1990 and joined Indian National Lokdal party.

In January 2019, he joined Jannayak Janata Party. He is the President of Jannayak Janta Party in Sonipat district.

In March 2023, Dahiya left Jannayak Janata Party and joined Indian National Congress.

## InfoBox

| Padam Singh Dahiya | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Haryana Legislative Assembly | |
| **In office**
2000–2005 | |
| Constituency | Kharkhoda |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 4 April 1963
Khanda, Kharkhoda, Sonipat |
| Political party | Indian National Congress |
| Parent | Raghbir Singh |
| Residence(s) | Khanda, Sonipat, Haryana |
| Education | B.A. |
| Alma mater | Maharshi Dayanand University |
| Occupation | Politician |
| Website | padamsinghdahiya.com |
|  | |


title: North Alabama Lions women's volleyball

abstract: The University of North Alabama women's volleyball program is one of the most successful collegiate athletic programs in the United States, holding numerous conference and regional titles and one Division II national championship, earned in 2003.

text:
# North Alabama Lions women's volleyball

The **University of North Alabama women's volleyball program** is one of the most successful collegiate athletic programs in the United States, holding numerous conference and regional titles and one Division II national championship, earned in 2003.

## History

Despite its reputation as one of the nation's premiere women's athletic program, the UNA volleyball program claims humble beginnings. It began in 1969 as an extramural program of the Physical Education Department of what was then known as Florence State University. During this period, the team competed against all state schools as a member of the Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women. The team competed in the Northern District against Jacksonville State, Alabama A&M, Montevallo, Southern Benedictine and Stillman.

Coached by Physical Education instructor Don McBrayer, the Lady Lions posted numerous successes, including a state championship win over the University of Alabama in 1975. The Lady Lions also defeated Troy State, Auburn and Montevallo before prevailing over Alabama.

Another milestone in the program was crossed in 1976, when Lillian Goodlow, a premiere basketball and volleyball player at Bradshaw High School in Florence, became the first female athlete in UNA history to be awarded an athletic scholarship.

### First Conference Title in 1982

Yet another major step was taken in 1982, when the Gulf South Conference first began awarding championships in women's sports. UNA's volleyball team earned the first official lead title for women with a 3-0 win over Jacksonville State.

The Lady Lions went on to win six of the first seven GSC volleyball championships.

In 1995, Matt Peck was hired as head coach. Over the following decade, Peck led the Lions to eight NCAA appearances, four trips to the Elite Eight, two Final Fours and the 2003 Division II National Championship.

In 1996, the Lions amassed a 44-4 record that included UNA's seventh GSC championship and the first ever NCAA Tournament appearance by an Alabama team. In 1997, UNA claimed its second GSC Tournament title and earned its second NCAA Regional bid.

UNA became the first GSC institution to advance to the NCAA Division II Elite Eight in 1998. Moreover, the Lions earned their third straight GSC title and first-ever NCAA regional championship. UNA player also became the first volleyball player in GSC history to be selected a first-team All-American.

In 1999, with a 35-7 record, UNA won its fourth straight GSC title and completed its fourth straight NCAA appearance, advancing to the Elite Eight for the second time.

UNA won its fifth straight GSC title, completed a fifth straight NCAA trip and ascended to the Division II Final Four for the first time. Team members Ashley Moffitt and Nesrin Secklin also earned All-American Honors in 2000 and 2001.

The following year, UNA made GSC history, winning its seventh straight conference title and 13th overall volleyball crown.

### First National Title for a UNA Women's Team

However, 2003 was a year marked with irony. While the team failed to win a GSC title for the first time in eight years, it excelled in the NCAA South Central Regional, Elite Eight and Final Four to secure the first national championship ever claimed by a UNA women's athletic team.

The team regained its GSC title in 2004.

In 2006, the Lions lacked only one victory winning the national championship, falling to top-ranked Tampa in the finals of the NCAA Tournament in Pensacola, Florida.

1. "Lion Volleyball History," RoarLions.com, Official Site of University of North Alabama Athletics


title: Oskar Blues Brewery

abstract: Oskar Blues Brewery is a craft brewery with locations in Longmont, Colorado, Brevard, North Carolina, and Austin, Texas. The company began as a brewpub in Lyons, Colorado in 1997 and began brewing beer in the basement in 1999. In 2002, they became one of the first to put their own craft beer in cans. In 2012, they began marketing some of their craft beer in resealable aluminum containers, and in 2012, they expanded and established another brewery in Brevard, North Carolina.

text:
# Oskar Blues Brewery

**Oskar Blues Brewery** is a craft brewery with locations in Longmont, Colorado, Brevard, North Carolina, and Austin, Texas. The company began as a brewpub in Lyons, Colorado in 1997 and began brewing beer in the basement in 1999. In 2002, they became one of the first to put their own craft beer in cans. In 2012, they began marketing some of their craft beer in resealable aluminum containers, and in 2012, they expanded and established another brewery in Brevard, North Carolina.

## History

Oskar Blues Original Grill & Brew Restaurant was founded by Dale Katechis in Lyons, Colorado in 1997. Two years later, he began brewing beer in the basement of the restaurant.

Some credit Oskar Blues as the creator of the "first released canned craft beer in the United States" with the release of their Dale's Pale Ale in November 2002. Other writers point to an earlier beer, *Chief Oshkosh Red Lager* which was brewed and canned at an existing brewery, as the "first canned craft beer" on June 17, 1991, although its producer, the Mid-Coast Brewing company, closed in 1994. Four other companies produced canned craft beers prior to Oskar Blues, although the canning was done by larger companies under contract. Regardless of the first, by 2011 about 50 U.S. craft brewers were issuing craft beer in cans. In 2009, Oskar Blues Brewery sponsored an event called "Burning Can" which brought together other craft brewers who were using cans for their beers.

In 2012 Oskar Blues Brewery began using resealable aluminum containers for craft beer. *Advertising Age* named them one of the hottest brands of the year in 2010; *Inc.* magazine put them on the list of fastest-growing companies and they were featured on the cover of *Market Watch* magazine.

They are the largest craft brewery (by volume) in the U.S. to abstain from using glass bottles. In 2011, they produced and canned 59,000 barrels of beer. In 2013, they employed over 275 people and distributed to 32 states. The company was ranked Colorado's second largest craft brewery and the 27th largest in the U.S. in 2012. and predicted they would brew 141,000 barrels of beer in 2013. The Colorado facility grew to 35,000 square feet (3,300 m2) by 2013.

In 2013, they opened a satellite brewery in Brevard, North Carolina, with an initial production of 40,000 barrels which is capable of being scaled to 85,000.

Forty-five thousand barrels of beer were brewed at the Brevard brewery in 2013, the first full year of production, and the company plans to increase that to 120,000. The Longmont factory is available for tours, and features the Oskar Blues Tasty Weasel Taproom overlooking the brewery. The original Oskar Blues Grill and Brew is still located in Lyons, with 45 beers on tap.

In December 2018, Oskar Blues announced the launch of the "first national craft hard seltzer" named *Wild Basin Boozy Sparkling Water*.

## Beers

* **Dale's Pale Ale** was Oskar Blues' first beer. It is somewhere between an American pale ale and an India Pale Ale brewed with European malts and American hops. In 2005, Dale's Pale Ale was named "Best Pale Ale by the New York Times. Esquire magazine selected Dale's as one of the "Best Canned Beers to Drink Now" in a February 2012 article. Dale's is 6.5% alcohol by volume, and features 65 International Bittering Units (IBUs). Dale Katechis first brewed Dale's Pale Ale in his bathtub while a student at Auburn University. In a 2003 interview, Dale confirmed that coworker Brian Lutz formulated the recipe for the beer.
* **Old Chub** is a Scotch ale brewed with seven different malts, including crystal and chocolate malts. Old Chub also gets a dash of beechwood-smoked grains imported from Bamburg, Germany. Old Chub is 8% alcohol by volume. Among other medals, Old Chub won a bronze medal in the 2011 Great American Beer Festival Scotch Ale Category. It was originally named *HYA* (for "here's your ass") and renamed "Old Chub" when it went into production.
* **Ten FIDY Imperial Stout** is Oskar Blues' seasonal beer with flavors of chocolate, malt, coffee, cocoa and oats. Ten FIDY is 10.5% ABV (hence the name) and is made with two-row malts, chocolate malts, roasted barley, flaked oats and hops with 98 IBUs.
* **Mama's Little Yella Pils** is a small-batch pilsner. Mama's is made with pale malt, German specialty malts, and traditional (Saaz) and 21st century Bavarian hops. It is also fermented at cool temperatures with a German yeast and has 5.3% ABV and 35 IBUs. Mama's Little Yella Pils won a silver medal in the 2011 Great American Beer Festival Bohemian Style Pilsener Category.

### Further reading

## InfoBox

Oskar Blues Brewery
|  | |
| --- | --- |
| Location | Longmont, Colorado |
| Opened | 1997 |
| Owned by | Monster Beverage |
| Website | www.oskarblues.com |
| Active beers | |
| Name Type  Dale's Pale Ale American Pale Ale  Dale's Light Lager Light Lager  Dale's Double IPA Double IPA  Mama's Little Yella Pils Pilsner  Hazy Blues Juicy IPA  Old Chub Scotch Ale  Ten FIDY Imperial Stout  Barrel-Aged Ten FIDY Barrel-Aged Beer | |


title: Marge Bishop

abstract: Marjorie Claire Bishop was a New Zealand cricketer who played as an all-rounder, batting right-handed and bowling right-arm off break. She appeared in one Test match for New Zealand, their first, in 1935, and was awarded with the first Test cap for the New Zealand women's team. She played domestic cricket for Otago.

text:
# Marge Bishop

**Marjorie Claire Bishop** (3 January 1910 – 26 January 1960) was a New Zealand cricketer who played as an all-rounder, batting right-handed and bowling right-arm off break. She appeared in one Test match for New Zealand, their first, in 1935, and was awarded with the first Test cap for the New Zealand women's team. She played domestic cricket for Otago.

## InfoBox

Marge Bishop
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Marjorie Claire Bishop |
| Born | (1910-01-03)3 January 1910
Christchurch, New Zealand |
| Died | 26 January 1960(1960-01-26) (aged 50)
Christchurch, New Zealand |
| Batting | Right-handed |
| Bowling | Right-arm off break |
| Role | All-rounder |
| International information | |
| National side |  |
| Only Test (cap ) | 16 February 1935 v England |
|  | |
| Domestic team information | |
| Years | Team |
| 1939/40 | Otago |
|  | |
| Career statistics | |
| Competition WTest WFC  Matches 1 2  Runs scored 27 85  Batting average 13.50 21.25  100s/50s 0/0 0/0  Top score 27 29  Balls bowled 48 296  Wickets 0 3  Bowling average  29.00  5 wickets in innings 0 0  10 wickets in match 0 0  Best bowling  2/27  Catches/stumpings 2/– 3/– | |
|  | |
| Source: CricketArchive, 29 November 2021 | |


title: 1991 PBA All-Star Game

abstract: The 1991 PBA All-Star Game is the annual All-Star Weekend of the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA). The All-Star game was held on May 26, 1991, at The ULTRA in Pasig, coinciding the league's 1991 season. Two additional games were held from May 30 and June 2, with the two all-star teams competing with the Chinese national basketball team.

text:
# 1991 PBA All-Star Game

The **1991 PBA All-Star Game** is the annual All-Star Weekend of the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA). The All-Star game was held on May 26, 1991, at The ULTRA in Pasig, coinciding the league's 1991 season.

Two additional games were held from May 30 and June 2, with the two all-star teams competing with the Chinese national basketball team.

## PBA Legends game

### Rosters

### Game

| **PBA Legends A - Light** **103**, PBA Legends B - Dark 101 | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Scoring by quarter:** **41**–21, 13–**28**, 24–**37**, **25**–15 | | |
| **Pts:** Atoy Co 20 |  | **Pts:** Lawrence Mumar 18 |

## All-Star Game

### Rosters

* played as import against the Chinese team.

### Game

| **Light Team All-Stars** **127**, Dark Team All-Stars 120 | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Pts:** Alvin Patrimonio 27 |  | **Pts:** Ramon Fernandez 29 |
| ***Alvin Patrimonio was named the game's most valuable player.*** | | |

## PBA-China national team series

## InfoBox

1991 PBA All-Star Game
| Dark Team All-Stars **Light Team All-Stars**   120  127 | |
| --- | --- |
| Date | May 26 - June 2, 1991 |
| Venue | The ULTRA, Pasig, Metro Manila |
| Network | Vintage Sports (PTV) |
|


title: William Yalden

abstract: William Yalden was an English cricketer who played towards the end of the 18th century and is considered to be one of the earliest known players who were classed as a wicket-keeper-batsman. Yalden played mainly for Chertsey and Surrey sides, although he was also a regular, sometimes as captain, in England teams, particularly in matches against Hampshire. His career began in the 1760s and he is known to have played until 1785.

text:
# William Yalden

**William Yalden** (1740 – January 1824) was an English cricketer who played towards the end of the 18th century and is considered to be one of the earliest known players who were classed as a wicket-keeper-batsman. Yalden played mainly for Chertsey and Surrey sides, although he was also a regular, sometimes as captain, in England teams, particularly in matches against Hampshire. His career began in the 1760s and he is known to have played until 1785.

## Cricket career

Between 1772 and 1783, Yalden made 44 known appearances in matches now classified as first-class. He is known to have played in other matches which do not have first-class status, the last which took place in 1785, and was recruited to take part in an aborted 1789 visit to Paris to play against a French side.

While fielding records are incomplete during Yalden's career, he is credited with 64 catches and one stumping in first-class matches. His only known first-class stumping was in a match between a Surrey XI and a Hampshire side in October 1778, the victim being Henry Bonham. This is one of the earliest known stumpings and the first known to have taken place during a first-class match. His best batting performance was also for Surrey against Hampshire. In September 1773 he scored 88 runs out of a total of 225, helping Surrey win by an innings and 60 runs. This innings set a new record for the highest individual score in first-class matches since reliable statistical records began in 1772. A right-handed batsman, he scored a total of 1,151 runs in first-class matches, including three half-centuries.

According to Arthur Haygarth, Yalden gave up cricket for one season because he thought his eyesight was failing, but he was persuaded to return to the game by the Earl of Tankerville; he resumed his career with continued success.

Described by John Nyren in *The Cricketers of My Time* as a "a thin, dark-looking man", Yalden's reputation has divided opinion. Nyren, a contemporary of his, considered him to be "not a fine, but a very useful and steady batter" and that his wicket-keeping was inferior to that of Tom Sueter whom Nyren considered to have had to keep wicket to quicker bowlers such as Thomas Brett. Nyren went on to suggest that Yalden's "word was not always to be depended on when he had put a man out" and that he might "trick" an umpire. In a 1998 edition of Nyren's book edited by Ashley Mote, Yalden's reputation was reconsidered with Mote writing that "Yalden – the England wicketkeeper and captain, no less – is dismissed in a few words". Nyren is often considered as favouring players from his own Hambledon Club rather than their opponents such as Yalden.

## Outside cricket

Yalden was a licensed victualler and the landlord of the *Walnut Tree* inn at Chertsey, although he also worked as a cobbler and shoemaker at various points. He was a member of the local cricket club and managed the nearby Laleham Burway ground. He was born either in Chertsey or nearby Ripley in around 1740 and married Sarah Green in 1770. The couple had at least one child, a son named John born in 1776. Yalden died at Chertsey and was buried there in January 1824.

## Footnotes

1. Harris K (2022) First-class cricket’s 250th anniversary, Wisden blog, 1 June 2022. Retrieved 19 April 2024. (Based on an article published in the 2022 edition of *Wisden Cricketers' Almanack*)
2. "William Yalden". *CricketArchive*. Retrieved 29 March 2014.
3. Birley D (1999) *A Social History of English Cricket*, p. 364. London: Aurum Press. ISBN 978 1 78131 1769
4. "William Yalden". *ESPNcricinfo*. Retrieved 29 March 2014.
5. Dhole P (2017) William Yalden: First wicketkeeper to effect a First-Class stumping, Cricket Country, 29 June 2017. Retrieved 19 April 2024.
6. "Miscellaneous matches played by William Yalden". *CricketArchive*. Retrieved 29 March 2014.
7. Haygarth A *Memoirs of the Old Players*, p. 218. In Lucas (1907).
8. Haygarth, p. 38.
9. Haygarth, p. 60.
10. Nyren J *The Cricketers of My Time*, pp. 60–61. In Lucas (1907).
11. Nyren, p. 75.
12. Nyren, p. 36 (editor's comments).
13. William Yalden, Chertsey Cricket Club. Retrieved 19 April 2024.
14. Attfield J (2008) Henry Attfield, 18th century Cricketer. Retrieved 19 April 2024.

## Sources

* Haygarth, Arthur (1862). *Scores & Biographies, Volume 1 (1744–1826)*. Lillywhite.
* Lucas, E. V. (1907). *The Hambledon Men*. London: Henry Frowde. Retrieved 19 April 2024. Available online at Wikisource.
* Nyren, John (1998). Ashley Mote (ed.). *The Cricketers of my Time*. London: Robson.

## InfoBox

William Yalden
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | 1740
Chertsey, Surrey, England |
| Died | January 1824 (aged 8384)
Chertsey, Surrey, England |
| Nickname | The Yold |
| Batting | Right-handed |
| Role | Wicket-keeper |
| Domestic team information | |
| Years | Team |
| 1772–1773 | Hampshire XI |
| 1773–1779 | Surrey XI |
| 1773–1783 | England XI |
| 1776–1783 | Kent XI |
| 1775–1784 | Chertsey |
|  | |
| Career statistics | |
| Competition First-class  Matches 44  Runs scored 1,151  Batting average 15.34  100s/50s 0/3  Top score 88  Catches/stumpings 64/1 | |
|  | |
| Source: ESPNcricinfo, 22 March 2014 | |