title: The Breaking of Bumbo

abstract: The Breaking of Bumbo is a 1970 British comedy film directed by Andrew Sinclair and starring Richard Warwick, Joanna Lumley, Jeremy Child and Edward Fox. The screenplay was by Sinclair, a former Coldstream Guards National service officer, adapted from his 1959 novel of the same name.

text:
# The Breaking of Bumbo

***The Breaking of Bumbo*** is a 1970 British comedy film directed by Andrew Sinclair and starring Richard Warwick, Joanna Lumley, Jeremy Child and Edward Fox. The screenplay was by Sinclair, a former Coldstream Guards National service officer, adapted from his 1959 novel of the same name.

## Plot

Newly commissioned Guards Ensign 'Bumbo' Bailey learns the facts of life from his new girl friend in Swinging London as well as from his platoon and commanding officer.

## Cast

## Development

The novel came out in 1959 and was a bestseller. Woodfall Films had made an attempt to film it but, according to Alexander Walker "it had come to nothing, because there was not sufficient intervening time to allow the ‘youthful follies’ of the Suez War generation to have turned into the ‘camp amusements’ of the ‘Swinging Britain’ one. It was neither ‘period’ nor modern." In 1962 it was announced Donald Taylor would produce the film from a script by Sinclair for his Carthage Films.

Eventually Andrew Sinclair and producer Jeffrey Selznick, son of David O. Selznick, formed a company, Timon Films, to make a film of *Breaking of Bumbo*. (They planned to follow it with a film called *Wasn't This What You Came to See?*) Sinclair later said "I updated the novel so that Bumbo now has to choose between obeying orders during a civil insurrection sympathizing with the young revolutionaries." They set up the film at EMI Films whose head of production, Bryan Forbes admired the novel.

In August 1969 Bryan Forbes announced *The Breaking of Bumbo* as part of his initial slate for EMI Films with Kevin Brownlow and Andrew Mollo to direct. Brownlow and Mollo dropped out after an argument with the producers and Sinclair became the director. Brownlow recalled:

> We had a classic battle with the producer over casting. The producer was the son of David O Selznick and the grandson of Louis B Mayer, so you could see at once we would not get on very well. We had chosen a young actor to play the lead and the producer didn’t want him; he wanted Richard Warwick, who is actually in it. We were so angry that, like fools, we confronted Selznick and you do not behave like that in the film business. He got rid of us. The young man’s name was Christopher Cazenove. Richard Warwick was a perfectly good actor but not right for the part, whereas Cazenove was absolutely spot-on. The film was finally directed by Andrew Sinclair, who wrote the book on which it was based.

According to another account, the first choice for the lead role was Malcolm McDowell who had been in *if...* (1968) but he was hired to make *The Raging Moon* (1971) under the direction of Forbes instead, so they hired Richard Warwick who had supported McDowell in *if...*.

The choice of the lead role came down to Joanna Lumley and Anoushka Hempel; Sinclair eventually picked Lumley although Hempel was given a small supporting role.

Sinclair later said "‘I knew nothing about film directing but I had become a top screenwriter in Hollywood and I also ran a little publishing firm, producing classic screenplays in book form. We'd published eighty of them so I did know a lot about the grammar of the cinema. I was an experienced screenwriter and I knew how a film sequence should be put together."

## Production

Filming started 26 January 1970. Sinclair was refused use of Wellington Barracks and real guardsmen. "Sophisticated people should enjoy being laughed at occasionally and a bit of fun poked at the establishment does not do any harm," said Sinclair. The barracks were recreated in a studio. Lumley later recalled:

> I remember so well the feel of the gauzy see-through dress I wore in one of the scenes, scratchy and be-jewelled, with gem-encrusted pants, and the uneasy feeling of real wrong-doing when I assisted in the demolition of a waxwork of Winston Churchill. Very soon you learn as an actress that you will have to do and say things which are contrary to your beliefs; but you must become the advocate for the character and your job is to inhabit the person and present her as completely as possible. I hated taking my clothes off for bed scenes (I don’t know a soul who is happy with their gear off in front of a large crowd of strangers or, worse, friends). We all had to do it, with varying degrees of success.

Lumley said Richard Warwick "was so funny and good-looking and gay that it made the whole shoot completely bearable." Sinclair later said "‘Of any ten films you make, only one actually works and what you do need in a romance is a sexual spark. But there was no sexual spark between Joanna and Richard Warwick. There wasn’t that sexual magic. Had there been, The Breaking of Bumbo could have worked. That spark simply wasn’t there — but it was through no fault of Joanna’s. It was nothing to do with Joanna’s performance."

By May 1970 the film was being edited. Selznick said "My aim is to simply make a picture that will appeal to as many people as possible. *Bumbo* will amuse them and perhaps they'll find a sharp message in it."

Jacquemine Charrott Lodwidge was the film's fashion co-ordinator.

## Release

The film was previewed in London cinemas in September 1970. The film's release was delayed then cancelled altogether. It was never distributed in Britain, but the producers recouped a little of their costs by selling the TV rights. It screened in Australian cinemas in March 1973. In May 1973 Edward Fox said "I guess the picture wasn't very good because they never released it." "It was just no good," said Bernard Delfont of EMI. In his memoirs Delfont called the film "a messy and unwatchable piece of military hokum".

Academic Paul Moody says EMI considered releasing the film in 1972 and the film was granted an "A" certificate. But by the British army had been involved in serious fighting in Northern Ireland and EMI decided not to release the film. Moody argues "it is more likely that Delfont, with his connections to the British establishment, and his personal reputation as a family man, felt that a film which satirised the British army could not go out under the EMI name. If there is one thing that all people who worked with Delfont could agree on, it was that he would take the least-risky option if it meant he could avoid tarnishing his own reputation."

In 1974 Richard Warwick said, "the trouble with that film, which really had a marvelous plan for me, was that the director had a row with Forbes and so the man who wrote it, Andrew Sinclair, came in as director. That was a mistake - he'd never directed before. I've never seen the finished film, only rough takes." It debuted on British television in August 1975.

Sinclair later said:

> Forbes’s occupancy of Elstree wasn’t easy. When I came, you couldn’t get to his table and when I left he sat alone with me. We were taken over. First we were ABC Pictures, then it was EMI, then it was EMI-MGM and this all happened on two days and the decision was taken that every single film should be scrapped and dumped as a tax loss. That’s what happened to *The Breaking of Bumbo*. It wasn’t a distribution problem as Joanna and others have thought... It wasn’t not shown on its merit. It was because of a studio coup. Only one of the ten films survived and that was *The Railway Children* \[1970\] because that had a child’s market. Everything else was dumped including Bryan Forbes’s own film *The Raging Moon.* ... On set we shot it conventionally, and, in my opinion, the Army sequences are very good and the Swinging London sequences aren't: They are simply a bit old- fashioned now. But Joanna is very good in it. I loved working with Joanna, she was totally professional, and I thought for a first- time performance in a major role she was superb.

## Reception

Robert Murphy wrote in *Sixties British Cinema*:

> From its opening titles it is apparent that *The Breaking of Bumbo* (1970) is one of David Puttnam and Alan Parker’s despised ‘red London bus movies’... As well as the ubiquitous red buses, the film’s plot seems improbable and its views of Swinging London grinding to a halt amid student demon- strators and bottle-throwing skinheads shoddily unconvincing... The main problem, apart from Sinclair’s uncertain direction, is that Bumbo is a 1950s figure (in the novel he is a guards officer who tries to start a mutiny in protest over Suez), and the idea of transposing him to a late-60s London of demonstrations, sit-ins and student revolutionaries, ingenious though it might have looked on paper, simply doesn’t work. In 1956 Bumbo was a precursor of those upper-middle class young men whose lives were changed by the revelation that assumptions and institutions they had been brought up to think sacred could be questioned, even laughed at. In 1968 he merely looks like a not very bright Hooray Henry torn between the arrogant exclusiveness of life as a guards officer and the decadent temptations of Swinging London. What might have been a powerful liberal riposte to the celebration of traditional values in Michael Powell’s *The Queen’s Guards* \[1961\] proves to be embarrassingly inconsequential.

*Filmink* argued the film "has some great moments, including a spirited Joanna Lumley performance; I think if it had come out when the novel did, in 1959, or even by the mid ‘60s, it would have gone gangbusters… but by 1970, we’d had Richard Lester, and *Billy Liar* (1963) and the good Michael Winner films and *The Virgin Soldiers* (1969)… the anarchic military comedy sub-genre had been tapped out. Also, National Service ended in 1960 so the market for servicemen comedies (so large in the ‘50s) simply wasn’t there anymore. Mind you, in fairness, the film never got the chance to find an audience."

## InfoBox

| The Breaking of Bumbo | |
| --- | --- |
| Original movie poster | |
| Directed by | Andrew Sinclair |
| Written by | Andrew Sinclair |
| Based on | the novel by Andrew Sinclair |
| Produced by | L. Jeffrey Selznick |
| Starring | Richard Warwick
Joanna Lumley |
| Cinematography | Ian Wilson |
| Edited by | Willy Kemplen |
| Music by | Brian Gascoigne |
| Production
companies | EMI Films
Timon Films |
| Distributed by | EMI Films |
| Release date | * September 1970 (1970-09) (preview only) |
| Running time | 90 minutes |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Language | English |
| Budget | £900,000 |


title: Millie Peterson

abstract: Millie Marion Peterson was an American politician who served in the Utah State Senate from the 12th district from 1991 to 2003. She died on March 30, 2020, in Salt Lake City, Utah at age 75.

text:
# Millie Peterson

**Millie Marion Peterson** (June 11, 1944 – March 30, 2020) was an American politician who served in the Utah State Senate from the 12th district from 1991 to 2003.

She died on March 30, 2020, in Salt Lake City, Utah at age 75.

## InfoBox

| Millie Peterson | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Utah State Senate from the 12th district | |
| **In office**
January 1, 1991  January 1, 2003 | |
| Preceded by | William T. Barton |
| Succeeded by | Ron Allen |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1944-06-11)June 11, 1944
Merced, California |
| Died | March 30, 2020(2020-03-30) (aged 75)
Salt Lake City, Utah |
| Political party | Democratic |
|  | |


title: Math Images Project

abstract: The Math Images Project is a wiki collaboration between Swarthmore College, the Math Forum at Drexel University, and the National Science Digital Library. The project aims to introduce the public to mathematics through beautiful and intriguing images found throughout the fields of math. The Math Images Project runs on MediaWiki software, as well as the Semantic MediaWiki extension. Starting in summer 2011, the program expanded to include Sweet Briar College and Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in addition to Swarthmore College and Drexel University.

text:
# Math Images Project

The **Math Images Project** is a wiki collaboration between Swarthmore College, the Math Forum at Drexel University, and the National Science Digital Library. The project aims to introduce the public to mathematics through beautiful and intriguing images found throughout the fields of math. The Math Images Project runs on MediaWiki software, as well as the Semantic MediaWiki extension.

Starting in summer 2011, the program expanded to include Sweet Briar College and Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in addition to Swarthmore College and Drexel University.

## Collaboration

The National Science Digital Library and National Science Foundation provide the NDR, or National Science Digital Library Digital Repository. The NDR stores links and metadata to websites for use by educators and researchers. The Math Images Project uses the wiki plug-in built by the NSDL to submit page links and metadata to the NDR, allowing the Project to be of use to the greater education community.

## Images

All images on the site are required to be released under the GNU General Public License, so that the wiki remains freely editable and redistributable. Images are culled from Google Images or reputable educational sites. The authors locate and email a letter requesting permission, and approved images are added to the wiki.


title: Sibley Lake National Wildlife Refuge

abstract: The Sibley Lake National Wildlife Refuge is located in the U.S. state of North Dakota and consists of 1,077 acres (4.35 km⁲). Sibley Lake is a privately owned easement refuge, managed with by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The refuge was established to protect habitat for migratory bird species, white-tail deer, and other mammals. The refuge contains a 525-acre (2.12 km⁲) fresh water marsh that provides excellent migratory bird habitat. Valley City Wetland Management District oversees the refuge, which in turn is a part of the Arrowwood National Wildlife Refuge Complex.

text:
# Sibley Lake National Wildlife Refuge

The **Sibley Lake National Wildlife Refuge** is located in the U.S. state of North Dakota and consists of 1,077 acres (4.35 km2). Sibley Lake is a privately owned easement refuge, managed with by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The refuge was established to protect habitat for migratory bird species, white-tail deer, and other mammals. The refuge contains a 525-acre (2.12 km2) fresh water marsh that provides excellent migratory bird habitat. Valley City Wetland Management District oversees the refuge, which in turn is a part of the Arrowwood National Wildlife Refuge Complex.

## InfoBox

| Sibley Lake National Wildlife Refuge | |
| --- | --- |
| IUCN category IV (habitat/species management area) | |
|  | |
| Location | Griggs County, North Dakota, United States |
| Nearest city | Cooperstown, North Dakota |
| Coordinates | 47°31′18″N 98°20′46″W / 47.52167°N 98.34611°W / 47.52167; -98.34611 |
| Area | 1,077 acres (4.35 km2) |
| Elevation | 1,463 feet (446 m) |
| Governing body | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service |


title: Union (1791 ship)

abstract: Union was launched in 1791 in Liverpool, England. She became a slave ship that the French captured on her first slave voyage. Captain R. Farrington sailed for West Africa on 15 August 1792. Captain George Hauit acquired a letter of marque for Union on 1 March 1793, just after the outbreak of war with France. The French privateer Liberty, of Bordeaux, captured seven slave ships before July 1793: Union, Farrington, Little Joe, Echo, Mercury, Hazard, Prosperity, and Swift, Roper, master. The capture of Union took place off Bassa. Robust recaptured Little Joe and Echo. HMS Andromeda recaptured Prosperity; the cutter HMS Seaflower recaptured Mercury. Liberty ransomed Swift after plundering her.

text:
# Union (1791 ship)

***Union*** was launched in 1791 in Liverpool, England. She became a slave ship that the French captured on her first slave voyage. Captain R. Farrington sailed for West Africa on 15 August 1792.

Captain George Hauit acquired a letter of marque for *Union* on 1 March 1793, just after the outbreak of war with France.

The French privateer *Liberty*, of Bordeaux, captured seven slave ships before July 1793: *Union*, Farrington, *Little Joe*, *Echo*, *Mercury*, *Hazard*, *Prosperity*, and *Swift*, Roper, master. The capture of *Union* took place off Bassa.

*Robust* recaptured *Little Joe* and *Echo*. HMS *Andromeda* recaptured *Prosperity*; the cutter HMS *Seaflower* recaptured *Mercury*. *Liberty* ransomed *Swift* after plundering her.

## Citations

1. Trans Atlantic Slave Trade Database – *Union* voyage #83890.
2. "Letter of Marque, p.90 – Retrieved 25 July 2017" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 October 2016. Retrieved 27 October 2018.
3. "The Marine List". *Lloyd's List*. No. 5228. 26 July 1793. hdl:2027/hvd.32044050633098.
4. Williams (1897), p. 313.
5. Demerliac (1999), p. 266, no.2341.
* Demerliac, Alain (1999). *La Marine de la Révolution: Nomenclature des Navires Français de 1792 à 1799* (in French). Éditions Ancre. ISBN 9782906381247. OCLC 492783890.
* Williams, Gomer (1897). *History of the Liverpool Privateers and Letters of Marque: With an Account of the Liverpool Slave Trade*. W. Heinemann.

## InfoBox

|  | |
| --- | --- |
| History | |
| Great Britain | |
| Name | *Union* |
| Owner | John Ratcliffe, George Hauit, & William Thompson |
| Builder | Liverpool |
| Launched | 1791 |
| Captured | 1793 |
| General characteristics | |
| Tons burthen | 113 (bm) |
| Complement | 24 |
| Armament | 10 × 4-pounder guns |


title: Touchet River

abstract: The Touchet River is a 65-mile (105 km) tributary of the Walla Walla River in southeastern Washington in the United States. The Touchet River drains an area of about 752 square miles (1,950 km⁲) in Columbia County and Walla Walla County. The upper Touchet was a traditional summer meeting place for trade and games for the Palus, Nez Perce and Walla Walla tribes. The name Touchet derives from the similarly pronounced Sahaptin term for the river, Tu-se meaning roasting. Nez Perce legend tells that coyote roasted salmon at this river after breaking a fish dam guarded by the seven swallow sisters at Celilo. The USGS cited two variant names, Pouchet River and Toosha River.

text:
# Touchet River

The **Touchet River** /ˈtʃi/ is a 65-mile (105 km) tributary of the Walla Walla River in southeastern Washington in the United States. The Touchet River drains an area of about 752 square miles (1,950 km2) in Columbia County and Walla Walla County.

The upper Touchet was a traditional summer meeting place for trade and games for the Palus, Nez Perce and Walla Walla tribes. The name Touchet derives from the similarly pronounced Sahaptin term for the river, *Tu-se* meaning roasting. Nez Perce legend tells that coyote roasted salmon at this river after breaking a fish dam guarded by the seven swallow sisters at Celilo.

The USGS cited two variant names, Pouchet River and Toosha River.

## Geography

The Touchet River is formed by several forks draining the north slope of the Blue Mountains above Dayton in Columbia County. All the forks have their head in the Walla Walla Ranger District of the Umatilla National Forest. The North Fork, about 25 miles (40 km) long, begins near Ski Bluewood, while the 20-mile (32 km) South Fork is formed by the confluence of Green Fork and Burnt Fork near Deadman Peak. The North Fork is also joined by the Wolf Fork and its tributary Robinson Fork, which drain the area between the North and South Forks.

The North Fork and South Fork join at Baileysburg, forming the main Touchet River, which flows north through Dayton where it is joined by Patit Creek and turns west. Below Dayton, it enters Walla Walla County and flows through the long Touchet Valley, past Waitsburg (where it is joined by Coppei Creek) and Prescott (where it is joined by Whetstone Creek). Near the former settlement of Lamar (east of Eureka) the river turns south flowing through rolling hills to its confluence with the Walla Walla River at Touchet, approximately 22 miles (35 km) upstream from where the Walla Walla joins the Snake River.

The United States Geological Survey (USGS) operated a gaging station on the Touchet River at Bolles (between Waitsburg and Prescott) from 1924 to 1989. The average annual discharge was 226 cu ft/s (6.4 m3/s) with monthly averages ranging from a high of 440 cu ft/s (12 m3/s) in February to a low of 35 cu ft/s (0.99 m3/s) in August. A record peak flow of 9,350 cu ft/s (265 m3/s) was set on December 23, 1964, during the Christmas flood of 1964.

## Recreation

The Touchet is known for its rainbow and cutthroat trout fishing, especially in the upper and middle reaches.

Summer steelhead, which like salmon are anadromous, and Chinook salmon spawn throughout a large portion of the middle and upper reaches of the Touchet River drainage, the population is imperiled in the 21st century. The Nine Mile Dam, constructed in 1905 on the Walla Walla River below the confluence with the Touchet River, impeded anadromous fish migration into the Touchet, but a wild steelhead population (listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act) continues to return to the river.

## History

### Native peoples

The Touchet River lay in the traditional range of the Palus American Indian tribe, marking their southern border with the range of the Walla Walla tribe. These peoples were of the Sahaptin-speaking group which traditionally inhabited the Columbia Plateau region of the northwestern United States.

Roots provided plentiful food along the Touchet Rivers. These included quamash, camas, kouse, bitterroots, serviceberry (currant), chokecherry, huckleberry, gooseberries, rose berries and whortleberries, elderberries, wild strawberries, wild onions and balsamroot. Once Euroamerican immigrants began settling the area after 1858, Indian root grounds were displaced by agriculture.

Prior to the white man coming into the valley of the Touchet River, there was an established American Indian trail through the valley, the *Nez Perce Trail to Celilo Falls* or *Old Celilo Falls Trail*, by which the Nez Perce (also part of the Sahaptin-speaking group) passed west to fish for salmon at Celilo Falls on the Columbia River. As with other Sahaptin-speaking peoples, the Nez Perce were migratory, returning to the same locations year after year; Celilo Falls lay at the western end of their annual range.

### Lewis and Clark expedition

On their return journey in 1806, the Lewis and Clark Expedition followed the *Old Celilo Falls Trail*, up the Walla Walla and Touchet River Valleys; they camped on the Touchet about 12 miles (19 km) north of today's town of Touchet on April 30, 1806. The Lewis and Clark Trail State Park commemorates their May 1, 1806 campsite on the Touchet River. The expedition left the Touchet River to follow a tributary, Patit Creek, at what is now Dayton. They camped about 2 miles (3 km) above modern-day Dayton on Patit Creek on May 2, 1806, before following the trail across country to the Tucannon River.

### Early settlement

The Whitman Mission catalyzed white settlement of the region, beginning in 1843 when 1,000 people, 120 wagons, and approximately 5,000 horses and cattle came to the Walla Walla valley. The initial settlers remained near the current city of Walla Walla and into the Touchet River valley.

### Later settlement

The Lamar Cabin, built in 1863 of hand-hewn cottonwood logs from the Touchet River valley by George Dudley Goodwin, became the home of the bachelor brothers James and Joseph Lamar in 1872 (women were rare in the valley and many men remained unmarried). The brothers initially raised sheep and horses; in later years they, mirroring the transitions of many others in the region, cultivated dryland winter wheat. This area developed into the town of Lamar when the Hunt Railroad was built along the Touchet River valley in 1888. The railway left the Touchet River and continued west at Lamar at the point where the Touchet River turns south to meet the Walla Walla. Although the town site is now virtually abandoned, the historic Lamar cabin is preserved to this day (see photo).

Near the head of the Touchet valley, Dayton was officially incorporated on November 10, 1881.

## InfoBox

| Touchet River | |
| --- | --- |
| Touchet River in Dayton in spring | |
| Location of the mouth of the Touchet River in Washington | |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Washington |
| County | Walla Walla, Columbia |
| Physical characteristics | |
|  | |
| Source | Confluence of North and South forks, Touchet River |
| location | Dayton, Columbia County |
| coordinates | 46°18′05″N 117°57′32″W / 46.30139°N 117.95889°W / 46.30139; -117.95889 |
| elevation | 1,671 ft (509 m) |
|  | |
| Mouth | Walla Walla River |
| location | Touchet, Walla Walla County |
| coordinates | 46°02′01″N 118°40′59″W / 46.03361°N 118.68306°W / 46.03361; -118.68306 |
| elevation | 430 ft (130 m) |
| Length | 65 mi (105 km) |
| Basin size | 752 sq mi (1,950 km2) |


title: The Case of the Stuttering Bishop

abstract: The Case of the Stuttering Bishop is a 1937 American mystery film directed by William Clemens and starring Donald Woods as Perry Mason and Ann Dvorak as Della Street, his secretary. Edward McWade plays the role of stuttering Bishop William Mallory. It is the sixth and final film in the Warner Bros. Perry Mason series. It is based on the novel The Case of the Stuttering Bishop (1936) by Erle Stanley Gardner.

text:
# The Case of the Stuttering Bishop

***The Case of the Stuttering Bishop*** is a 1937 American mystery film directed by William Clemens and starring Donald Woods as Perry Mason and Ann Dvorak as Della Street, his secretary. Edward McWade plays the role of stuttering Bishop William Mallory. It is the sixth and final film in the Warner Bros. Perry Mason series. It is based on the novel *The Case of the Stuttering Bishop* (1936) by Erle Stanley Gardner.

## Plot

Perry is asked by an Australian Bishop to take the case of a woman who was falsely accused of manslaughter 22 years ago. During his investigations Perry gets involved in another murder for which Ida, the woman he is supposed to free, gets arrested.

## Cast

## Cultural references

In September 1937 Warner Bros. produced the Looney Tunes cartoon, *The Case of the Stuttering Pig*, featuring Porky Pig. Although a lawyer figures in the story, the cartoon has no relationship to the Warner Bros. Perry Mason feature that inspired its clever title.

## Home media

On October 23, 2012, Warner Home Video released the film on DVD in Region 1 via their Warner Archive Collection alongside *The Case of the Howling Dog*, *The Case of the Curious Bride*, *The Case of the Lucky Legs*, *The Case of the Velvet Claws* and *The Case of the Black Cat* in a set entitled *Perry Mason: The Original Warner Bros. Movies Collection*. This is a manufacture-on-demand (MOD) release, available exclusively through Warner's online store and only in the US.

## InfoBox

| The Case of the Stuttering Bishop | |
| --- | --- |
| Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | William Clemens |
| Written by | Kenneth Gamet
Don Ryan |
| Based on | *The Case of the Stuttering Bishop* by Erle Stanley Gardner |
| Produced by | Bryan Foy |
| Starring | Donald Woods
Ann Dvorak
Anne Nagel |
| Cinematography | Rex Wimpy |
| Edited by | Jack Saper |
| Music by | Heinz Roemheld |
| Production
company | Warner Bros. |
| Distributed by | Warner Bros. |
| Release date | * June 8, 1937 (1937-06-08) |
| Running time | 70 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: Otto Parschau

abstract: Leutnant Otto Parschau was a German World War I flying ace and recipient of the Pour le Mérite, Royal House Order of Hohenzollern, and Iron Cross, First Class. He was noted as one of the pre-eminent aces on the Fokker Eindecker. He was one of the world's first flying aces. Parschau and Leutnant Kurt Wintgens were the pilots chosen to fly the prototype of the revolutionary Fokker Eindecker fighter plane with a machine gun synchronized to fire safely through its propeller arc via use of a gun synchronizer.

text:
# Otto Parschau

*Leutnant* **Otto Parschau** (11 November 1890  21 July 1916) was a German World War I flying ace and recipient of the Pour le Mérite, Royal House Order of Hohenzollern, and Iron Cross, First Class. He was noted as one of the pre-eminent aces on the Fokker Eindecker. He was one of the world's first flying aces. Parschau and *Leutnant* Kurt Wintgens were the pilots chosen to fly the prototype of the revolutionary Fokker Eindecker fighter plane with a machine gun synchronized to fire safely through its propeller arc via use of a gun synchronizer.

## Background

Parschau was born in Klausen (now Klutznick, Poland), in the Allenstein district of East Prussia. He became a commissioned officer a year after having joined the *Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 151* in 1910. Parschau was trained as a pilot in Johannisthal, Darmstadt, and in Hanover and received his licence on 4 July 1913.

## World War I

Upon the outbreak of hostilities in August 1914 Parschau was already serving with the *Luftstreitkräfte*, and soon found himself flying two-seaters in operations on the Champagne front and then in Flanders and Alsace-Lorraine before being posted to West Prussia and Galicia, on the Eastern Front.

### The *Green Machine* (A.16/15)

Parschau was assigned the Fokker A.III aircraft bearing both the Fokker factory serial number *216* and the *IdFlieg* military serial number of *A.16/15*. This airplane had previously been flown by Oberleutnant Waldemar von Buttlar. This unarmed monoplane had been privately purchased in 1913 by von Buttlar. It was requisitioned by the *Fliegertruppe* and von Buttlar was commissioned as an officer in the German Army at the outbreak of hostilities. The airplane was painted in a shade of green that was the same as that used by von Buttlar's previous Marburg-based Jäger Regiment 11. Parschau had served with the same, *Brieftauben-Abteilung Ostende* unit, abbreviated as **BAO** in German military communications of the time, in Belgium as Oberleutnant von Buttlar did in November 1914, where the two German officers could have first made contact. As *A.16/15* still bore the green color of von Buttlar's old unit, the aircraft became distinctive as Parschau's 'Green Machine', right from the outbreak of World War I. Parschau flew this machine on a roving commission for nearly a year, serving with FFAs 22 and 42 and the aforementioned "BAO" unit, which was actually a group of four FFA units operating as one for the *Oberste Heeresleitung* (OHL), the World War I German Army's High Command office. In this period, Parschau flew his distinctive machine on the Champagne front during October and November 1914. Following this were periods in Flanders and Alsace-Lorraine before Parschau was posted first to West Prussia and then on to Galicia on the Eastern Front. His travels were marked on the Fokker's fuselage. In late May 1915, this airplane was the first one to be fitted with a workable synchronization gear: the Fokker *Stangensteuerung* synchronizer, along with a Parabellum MG 14 machine gun for its armament. This airplane functioned as the prototype Fokker Eindecker for Parschau's use and combat evaluation.

### Later war service

Because Parschau was recognised as an experienced and proficient pilot, he was selected to go to Feldflieger Abteilung 62 (FFA 62) at Douai as an instructor on monoplanes. Feldflieger Abteilung ("Field Flying Company") was the title of the pioneering German field aviation units. The FFAs were organized under the Fliegertruppe. By October 1916, the Fliegertruppe had evolved into the Luftstreitkräfte, the air service of the German army. (The German navy had their own air service, the *Marine-Fliegerabteilung*.) Amongst Parschau's students at FFA 62 were the notable pioneer German flying aces, Max Immelmann and Oswald Boelcke. Despite his earlier complaints of his Parabellum machine gun jamming, he managed to reel off a string of six victories over enemy airplanes between 11 October 1915 and 2 July 1916 as part of the Fokker Scourge. On 3 July 1916, he shot down an enemy observation balloon. In July 1916 he transferred to FFA 32, gaining his 8th victory on 9 July 1916. He was awarded the Pour le Merite the following day. On the 14th, AKN was severed from FFA 32 and Parschau was appointed to its command.

On 21 July 1916 Parschau was mortally wounded during combat with Royal Flying Corps aircraft over Grévillers. The fatal wound was to the chest; he also suffered a glancing bullet wound to the head, possibly from rounds fired by John Oliver Andrews. He retained enough control to land his plane behind German lines. He was rushed to a field hospital but died on the operating table.

### References

* van Wyngarden, G. *Early German Aces of World War 1*. Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2006. ISBN 1-84176-997-5.
* Grosz, Peter M., *Windsock Datafile No. 91, Fokker E.I/II,* Albatros Publications, Ltd. 2002. ISBN No. 1-902207-46-7.
* Franks, Norman; Bailey, Frank W.; Guest, Russell (1993), *Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914 - 1918* Grub Street, 1993. ISBN 0-948817-73-9.

## InfoBox

| Otto Parschau | |
| --- | --- |
| Photo of *Leutnant* Otto Parschau just after earning the *Pour le Mérite* | |
| Born | 11 November 1890
Klutznick, Allenstein, East Prussia |
| Died | 21 July 1916(1916-07-21) (aged 25)
Grévillers, France |
| Allegiance | German Empire |
| Service/branch | Luftstreitkräfte |
| Years of service | 1910-1916 |
| Rank | *Leutnant* |
| Unit | *Flieger-Abteilung (Artillerie) 42*;
*Flieger-Abteilung (Artillerie) 261*;
*Flieger-Abteilung 32* |
| Commands | *Abwehrkommando Nord* |
| Awards | *Pour le Mérite*
Royal House Order of Hohenzollern;
Iron Cross 1st Class |


title: Outlaw (Alabama 3 album)

abstract: Outlaw is the fifth studio album by British band Alabama 3, released in 2005.

text:
# Outlaw (Alabama 3 album)

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| *The Guardian* | link |

***Outlaw*** is the fifth studio album by British band Alabama 3, released in 2005.

## Track listing

1. "Intro" – 0:53
2. "Last Train to Mashville" – 4:11
3. "Terra Firma Cowboy Blues" – 3:29
4. "Keep Your Shades On" – 4:46
5. "Hello... I'm Johnny Cash" – 4:00
6. "Up Above My Head" – 3:57
7. "Adrenaline" – 4:24
8. "Have You Seen Bruce Richard Reynolds?" – 4:43
9. "Honey in the Rock" – 4:08
    * featuring Devlin Love
10. "How Can I Protect You" – 4:09
11. "Let It Slide" – 5:13
12. "The Gospel Train" – 5:20

## Charts

Chart performance for *Outlaw*
| Chart (2005) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Scottish Albums (OCC) | 40 |
| UK Albums (OCC) | 83 |
| UK Independent Albums (OCC) | 14 |

## InfoBox

| Outlaw | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Alabama 3 | |
| Released | 2005 |
| Studio | The Steam Rooms, London E14; Atomic Studios, Peckham, London; Good Luck Studios, South London |
| Genre |  |
| Length | 49:15 |
| Label | One Little Indian |
| Producer | * Mark Wallis * Dave Ruffy |
| Alabama 3 chronology | |
| *The Last Train to Mashville Vol. 2*
(2004) ***Outlaw***
(2005) *M.O.R.*
(2007) | |


title: The Book of Marvelous Magic

abstract: AC4 - The Book of Marvelous Magic is a 76-page book by Frank Mentzer and Gary Gygax published in 1985 by TSR, Inc. It is an accessory to Dungeons & Dragons primarily for use with the non-advanced box set versions; an appendix describes how the items described can be used with the AD&D game.

text:
# The Book of Marvelous Magic

***AC4 - The Book of Marvelous Magic*** is a 76-page book by Frank Mentzer and Gary Gygax published in 1985 by TSR, Inc. It is an accessory to *Dungeons & Dragons* primarily for use with the non-advanced box set versions; an appendix describes how the items described can be used with the *AD&D* game.

## Contents

*The Book of Marvelous Magic* is an alphabetical listing of more than 500 magic items, sorted by item type. It contains an appendix with instructions for using the items with the *Advanced Dungeons & Dragons* rules. This book is a sourcebook on magical items and their twists and quirks. As well as all the miscellaneous magical items that appeared in the D&D Basic, Expert, and Companion Sets, over 500 new magical items are described in detail. Each item comes with a brief description and an explanation of its powers. The items are listed in alphabetical order by type of item. For example, under Blanket can be found the *Blanket of Devouring*, the *Blanket of Protection*, and the *Blanket of Sleeping*.

### Example

**Chime of Visitors** This simple metal stick is 3 inches long and made of a silvery metal. It keeps time as a chime of time but with an unusual side effect. If it rings while within 60 feet of any ordinary or otherwise known door, all creatures hearing the chime must make a saving throw vs. spells; all victims who fail the throw must go to the nearest door and open it or attempt to do so for at least six rounds.

## Publication history

AC4 *The Book of Marvelous Magic* was written by Frank Mentzer and Gary Gygax, with a cover by Clyde Caldwell and interior art by Doug Watson, and was published by TSR in 1984 as an 80-page book (item code TSR 9116 and ISBN 0-88038-192-2).

## Reception

Jez Keen reviewed the accessory for *Imagine* magazine, giving it a negative review. Keen wrote that the items on offer fall into three categories, "sensible ones, the bad-play compensatory ones and the silly ones". Overall, the reviewer thought that in Basic *D&D* games magic items can be much too common. If magic was appropriately rare, this publication would not be needed. So Keen recommended it only for those who think that there should be "magic items at every street corner", as some items will be useful and some humorous. Ultimately though, Keen thought that gamemasters would be better off creating their own magic items.

## InfoBox

*The Book of Marvelous Magic*
| The cover of The Book of Marvelous Magic (Accessory AC4) shows a female mage in dark robes with arms raised (art by Clyde Caldwell). | |
| --- | --- |
| Code | AC4 |
| TSR product code | 9116 |
| Rules required | *Dungeons & Dragons* Basic, Expert, Companion Sets |
| Campaign setting | Mystara or Generic |
| Authors | Gary Gygax and Frank Mentzer |
| First published | 1984 |
| Linked modules | |
| AC1, AC2, AC3, AC4, AC5, AC6, AC7, AC8, AC9, AC10, AC11, AC1010, AC1011 | |


title: Ouled Bessa

abstract: Ouled Bessa is a village in the Boumerdès Province in Kabylie, Algeria.

text:
# Ouled Bessa

**Ouled Bessa** is a village in the Boumerdès Province in Kabylie, Algeria.

## Location

The village is surrounded by Keddache River and the towns of Thenia and Zemmouri in the *Khachna* mountain range.

## Notable people

## InfoBox

| Ouled Bessa | |
| --- | --- |
| Motto: أولاد بسة | |
| Coordinates: 36°45′10″N 3°33′29″E / 36.7528844°N 3.5579788°E / 36.7528844; 3.5579788 | |
| Commune | Thénia |
| District | Thénia District |
| Province | Boumerdès Province |
| Region | Kabylie |
| Country | Algeria Algeria |
| Area | |
| Total | 4 km2 (2 sq mi) |
| Dimensions | |
| Length | 2 km (1 mi) |
| Width | 2 km (1 mi) |
| Elevation | 430 m (1,410 ft) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 |
| Area code | 35005 |
| Website | thenia.net |


title: Oxyna flavipennis

abstract: Oxyna flavipennis is a species of fruit fly in the family Tephritidae.

text:
# Oxyna flavipennis

***Oxyna flavipennis*** is a species of fruit fly in the family Tephritidae.

## Distribution

United Kingdom & Scandinavia, South to Italy, Bulgaria & Caucasus.

## InfoBox

| *Oxyna flavipennis* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Oxyna flavipennis* | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Tephritidae |
| Subfamily: | Tephritinae |
| Tribe: | Tephritini |
| Genus: | *Oxyna* |
| Species: | ***O. flavipennis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Oxyna flavipennis***<br>(Loew, 1844) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
|  | |


title: Oxyna fusca

abstract: Oxyna fusca is a species of fruit fly in the family Tephritidae.

text:
# Oxyna fusca

***Oxyna fusca*** is a species of fruit fly in the family Tephritidae.

## Distribution

Russia, China.

## InfoBox

| *Oxyna fusca* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Tephritidae |
| Subfamily: | Tephritinae |
| Tribe: | Tephritini |
| Genus: | *Oxyna* |
| Species: | ***O. fusca*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Oxyna fusca***<br>Chen, 1938 | |
|


title: Our Lady of Ransom Church, Eastbourne

abstract: Our Lady of Ransom Church is a Roman Catholic Parish church in Eastbourne, East Sussex. It was founded as a mission in 1869, built from 1900 to 1903, and had extensions completed in 1926. It is situated on the corner of Meads Road and Grange Road, opposite Eastbourne Town F.C. in the centre of the town. It was designed by Frederick Walters and is a Grade II listed building.

text:
# Our Lady of Ransom Church, Eastbourne

**Our Lady of Ransom Church** is a Roman Catholic Parish church in Eastbourne, East Sussex. It was founded as a mission in 1869, built from 1900 to 1903, and had extensions completed in 1926. It is situated on the corner of Meads Road and Grange Road, opposite Eastbourne Town F.C. in the centre of the town. It was designed by Frederick Walters and is a Grade II listed building.

## History

### Foundation

On 29 May 1867, a mission started in the town to serve the local Roman Catholic population. It was in 42 Ceylon Place in the town. The first priest was Fr Charles P. King. In less than a year after the mission began, Fr King paid for a chapel, made of brick, to be built on Junction Road. On 1 April 1869, it was opened. It was dedicated to Stella Maris.

On 14 April 1890, the old Our Lady of Ransom Church was opened by Fr Charles Stapley. It was a temporary church close to Grove Road. It was previously the market hall and it became a garage for the police station. For the next ten years attempts were made to build a permanent church in the town. In February 1893, Fr King left Eastbourne. On 23 September 1895, St Joseph's Catholic School was opened.

### Construction

Before 1900, the site of the present church was bought. On 11 December 1900, the foundation stone of the church was laid. The architect was Frederick Walters and he designed the church in the Gothic Revival style. The total cost of the construction of the church came to £11,000. On 15 December 1901, the church was opened by the Bishop of Southwark, Francis Bourne, who went on to become a cardinal and Archbishop of Westminster. In 1903, the church was completed, with the exception of the tower. By that time, the priest of the church was Fr Paul Lynch. In 1912, the church's tower and spire were completed. On 11 February 1926, various church extensions, such as the chancel, lady chapel and sacristy, were completed and the church was reopened. On 8 July 1926, the church was consecrated.

In 1995, further work on the church was completed after a new altar was installed and the sanctuary refurbished.

## Parish

Our Lady of Ransom Church is part of the same Eastbourne parish as St Agnes Church on Whitley Road in Roselands, Eastbourne, and St Gregory's Church on Victoria Drive in Downside, Eastbourne. St Agnes Church was founded in 1895 as a mission in St Joseph’s School. In 1906, Agnes Zimmermann gave £1,500 to build the church. On 28 September 1906, the foundation stone was laid. On 6 March 1907, the church was opened. The architect was Percy Dulvey Stonham (1877-1942). With the opening of St Richard's Catholic College in Bexhill-on-Sea in 1959 and St Thomas a Becket infant and junior schools from 1973 to 1974, St Joseph's School closed and became a centre for St Agnes' church.

St Gregory's Church was originally built in 1934 as a timber church at a cost of £1,000. In 1965, building work on the present church started. Construction cost £43,000. It was designed by Gordon Robins of the architectural firm B. Stevens & Partners, headed by A. J. M. McDonough, and the builders were C. Bainbridge & Sons Ltd. On 8 December 1966, the church was opened. The old timber church still exists to the north of the present church.

Our Lady of Ransom Church has three Sunday Masses at 6:00pm on Saturday and 10:15am and 5:30pm on Sunday. St Agnes Church has one Sunday Mass at 11:30am. St Gregory's Church has one Sunday Mass at 9:00am.

## InfoBox

| Our Lady of Ransom Church | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| 50°45′58″N 0°16′40″E / 50.7661°N 0.2777°E / 50.7661; 0.2777 | |
| OS grid reference | TV6072198750 |
| Location | Eastbourne, East Sussex |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Denomination | Roman Catholic |
| Website | EastbourneCatholicChurches.co.uk |
| History | |
| Status | Active |
| Dedication | Our Lady of Ransom |
| Architecture | |
| Functional status | Parish church |
| Heritage designation | Grade II listed |
| Designated | 22 October 1998 |
| Architect(s) | Frederick Walters |
| Groundbreaking | 1890 |
| Completed | 1903 |
| Administration | |
| Province | Province of Southwark (since 1965) |
| Diocese | Diocese of Arundel and Brighton (since 1965) |
| Deanery | Eastbourne |
| Parish | Eastbourne |


title: The Book of Merlyn

abstract: The Book of Merlyn is an Arthurian fantasy book by British writer T. H. White. It is the conclusion of The Once and Future King, but it was published separately and posthumously.

text:
# The Book of Merlyn

***The Book of Merlyn*** is an Arthurian fantasy book by British writer T. H. White. It is the conclusion of *The Once and Future King*, but it was published separately and posthumously.

## Plot summary

The book opens as King Arthur prepares himself for his final battle. Merlyn reappears to complete Arthur's education and discover the cause of wars. As he did in *The Sword in the Stone*, Merlyn again demonstrates ethics and politics to Arthur by transforming him into various animals.

The last chapter of the book takes place only hours before the final battle between King Arthur and his son and nephew Mordred. Arthur does not want to fight after everything that he has learned from Merlyn. He makes a deal with Mordred to split England in half. Mordred accepts. During the making of this deal, a snake comes upon one of Mordred's soldiers. The soldier draws his sword. The opposing side, unaware of the snake, takes this as an act of betrayal. Arthur's troops attack Mordred's, and both Arthur and Mordred die in the battle that follows.

Guenever joins a convent, and remains there till death. Lancelot becomes a hermit and dies a hermit. His last miracle was making the room that he died in smell like heaven.

## Concept and creation

White was inspired to write this book upon determining that the key theme of Malory's *Le Morte d'Arthur* is to find an "antidote for war". Rather than containing a distinct plot, this book reads more like a discourse on war and human nature.

White had revised *The Sword in the Stone* (1938), *The Queen of Air and Darkness* (1939), plus *The Ill-Made Knight* (1940) to weave in the anti-war theme. In November 1941 White sent the revisions along with *The Candle in the Wind* (part 4) and *The Book of Merlyn* (part 5) to his publisher with the intent that all five parts be published together as a single book. The publisher declined due to wartime paper shortages and White's antiwar message.

White salvaged parts of the rejected text by including scenes from *The Book of Merlyn* in the revised *The Sword in the Stone* part of *The Once and Future King* that was published in 1958.

## Rediscovery and publication

The Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center of the University of Texas at Austin purchased the bulk of White's personal papers and manuscripts between 1967 and 1969. In 1975 the original manuscript for *The Book of Merlyn* was discovered amongst this collection, and was prepared for publication by the University of Texas Press in 1977, as *The Book of Merlyn: The Unpublished Conclusion to The Once and Future King*, with a prologue by Sylvia Townsend Warner and illustrations by Trevor Stubley.

## InfoBox

The Book of Merlyn (Once and Future King)
| First edition | |
| --- | --- |
| Author | T. H. White |
| Illustrator | Trevor Stubley |
| Language | English |
| Genre | Fantasy |
| Publisher | University of Texas Press |
| Publication date | 1977 |
| Media type | Hardcover |
| Pages | 137 |
| Preceded by | *The Once and Future King* |


title: Oxyothespis brevicollis

abstract: Oxyothespis brevicollis is a species of praying mantis in the family Toxoderidae.

text:
# Oxyothespis brevicollis

***Oxyothespis brevicollis*** is a species of praying mantis in the family Toxoderidae.

## InfoBox

| *Oxyothespis brevicollis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Mantodea |
| Family: | Toxoderidae |
| Genus: | *Oxyothespis* |
| Species: | ***O. brevicollis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Oxyothespis brevicollis***<br>Beier, 1930 | |
|


title: The Comedian's Guide to Survival

abstract: The Comedian's Guide to Survival is a 2016 British-Canadian comedy film written by James Mullinger and Mark Murphy and starring James Buckley.

text:
# The Comedian's Guide to Survival

***The Comedian's Guide to Survival*** is a 2016 British-Canadian comedy film written by James Mullinger and Mark Murphy and starring James Buckley.

## Cast

## Production

Principal photography for *The Comedian's Guide to Survival* took place in London in August 2015, following filming at Just For Laughs in Montreal, Quebec, Canada in July 2015. There was also additional filming in Hampshire, England.

## InfoBox

| The Comedian's Guide to Survival | |
| --- | --- |
| Film poster | |
| Directed by | Mark Murphy |
| Written by | James Mullinger, Mark Murphy |
| Produced by | Alan Latham |
| Starring |  |
| Cinematography | Joan Bordera |
| Edited by | Dragos Teglas |
| Production<br>companies |  |
| Release date | * 28 October 2016 (2016-10-28) |
| Countries | United Kingdom, Canada |
| Language | English |
| Budget | £3 million |
| Box office | $95 |


title: The Comedian (2012 film)

abstract: The Comedian is a 2012 British drama film, written and directed by Tom Shkolnik as his feature debut. The movie was shot in central London and follows the life of Ed as it attempts to paint a vivid picture of the city. Shkolnik was nominated for Best Newcomer at the 2012 London Film Festival.

text:
# The Comedian (2012 film)

***The Comedian*** is a 2012 British drama film, written and directed by Tom Shkolnik as his feature debut. The movie was shot in central London and follows the life of Ed (Edward Hogg) as it attempts to paint a vivid picture of the city. Shkolnik was nominated for Best Newcomer at the 2012 London Film Festival.

## Plot

Ed works an office job as a cancer insurance call-centre operator by day, a job he seems not to enjoy, especially as he's in his early thirties. The movie details the hardships faced in London as Ed moonlights as a stand-up comedian, and shows the different dilemmas faced by bisexual men as Ed experiences turmoil—emotional, sexual and professional—and ends up retreating into himself to observe his environs. His personal life is also in disarray as he is torn between a newfound love, artist Nathan (Nathan Stewart-Jarrett), and his best friend and flatmate Elisa, who develops issues with the boyfriend.

In the end, Ed arguably sees the proverbial light at the end of the tunnel after a taxi ride with a Zimbabwean driver, feeling sparks of hope in his seemingly failing life.

## InfoBox

| The Comedian | |
| --- | --- |
| Film poster | |
| Directed by | Tom Shkolnik |
| Written by | Tom Shkolnik |
| Starring | Edward Hogg
Nathan Stewart-Jarrett
Elisa Lasowski
Steven Robertson
Brett Goldstein
Gerard Murphy |
| Cinematography | Benjamin Kracun |
| Edited by | Pierre Haberer |
| Distributed by | BFI; Trinity Filmed Entertainment; Revolver Entertainment |
| Release date | * October 2012 (2012-10) (Dinard Festival) |
| Running time | 78 minutes |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Language | English |


title: Oytograk

abstract: Oytograk is a township in Yutian County (Keriya), Hotan Prefecture, Xinjiang, China.

text:
# Oytograk

**Oytograk** (Uyghur: ئويتوغراق يېزىسى; Chinese: 奥依托格拉克) is a township in Yutian County (Keriya), Hotan Prefecture, Xinjiang, China.

## Name

Oytograk (ئويتوغراق) means 'desert poplar forest lowland' in Uyghur, so named because it is located in a lowland surrounded by sand dunes that has many desert poplars.

## History

In 1958, Zhandou Commune (战斗公社) was established.

In 1984, Zhandou Commune became Oytograk Township (奥依托拉克乡).

## Geography

Oytograk is located 22.4 km (13.9 mi) east of the county seat. Oytograk is on the northern side of China National Highway 315.

## Administrative divisions

Yeyik includes one residential community, sixteen villages, and one other area:

Residential community (*Mandarin Chinese Hanyu Pinyin-derived names except where Uyghur is provided*):

* Xinjiayuan (新家园社区)

Villages:

* Tawugazi (塔吾尕孜村), Taleke'airike (塔勒克艾日克村), Langanwusitang (meaning 'relay station canal' (驿站渠) in Uyghur; 兰干吾斯塘村), Ya'ermaili (亚尔买里村), Toghraq'östeng (Tuogelawusitang; توغراقئۆستەڭ كەنت / 托格拉吾斯塘村), Kule'airike (库勒艾日克村), Yesiyoulegun (Yesiyou Leguncun; 也斯尤勒滚村) 36°53′24″N 082°11′44″E / 36.89000°N 82.19556°E / 36.89000; 82.19556, Tumuya (吐木亚村), A'erkawusitang (阿尔喀吾斯塘村), Yigeziduwei (依格孜都维村), Kalakumushi (喀拉库木什村), Afutapulekekule (阿甫塔普勒克库勒村), Bayilake (巴依拉克村), Alega (阿勒尕村), Yinake (依纳克村), Baiheti (拜合提村)

Other areas:

* Tianjin Industrial Park Administrative Area (天津工业园区管理区)

## Economy

Oytograk produces muskmelon, and is known for *Daqingtao* (大青桃). There is silkworm farming in Oytograk. Groundwater resources are plentiful.

The total area of cultivated land in Oytograk increased between 1977 and 2002.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2000 | 16,377 |  |
| 2010 | 18,271 | +1.10% |
|  | | |

As of 1997, the population of Oytograk, in total about 15,000 residents, was Uyghur.

## Transportation

## Historical maps

1. Xie Yuzhong 解玉忠 (2003). 地名中的新疆 (in Simplified Chinese). Ürümqi: 新疆人民出版社. p. 259. ISBN 7-228-08004-1.
2. 于田县历史沿革 \[Yutian County Historical Development\] (in Simplified Chinese). XZQH.org. 2 December 2014. Retrieved 11 December 2019.
3. 1997年于田县行政区划 \[1997 Yutian County Administrative Divisions\] (in Simplified Chinese). XZQH.org. 6 January 2011. Retrieved 21 July 2020. 奥依托克拉乡 1958年成立战斗公社。1984年设奥依托克拉乡。位于县城东22.4千米。面积3639平方千米，人口1.5万，均为维吾尔族。315国道从境内穿过，辖塔无阿孜、塔勒克艾日克、兰干吾斯唐、亚买里、托格拉吾斯塘、库勒艾日克、也斯尤勒流、吐木亚、阿尔卡吾蓁塘、依喀孜都维、喀拉克木其、阿甫塔甫勒库勒12个行政村。
4. Oytograk (Approved - N) at GEOnet Names Server, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
5. *World Atlas Trade & Logistics Edition*. World Trade Press. 2008. p. 85. ISBN 978-1-885073-44-0  via Internet Archive. Oytograk
6. *Geographica: The complete illustrated Atlas of the world*. Mynah. 2005. p. 212. ISBN 1-7416-6036-X  via Internet Archive. Oytograk
7. ئويتوغراق (Variant Non-Roman Script - VS) at GEOnet Names Server, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
8. Gulibaikelamu 古丽拜克拉木, ed. (20 April 2020). شىنجاڭدىكى بۇ نازىر دەرىجىلىك كادىرلار تەكشۈرۈلۈۋاتىدۇ. 中国维吾尔语广播网 (in Uyghur). Archived from the original on 23 July 2020. Retrieved 23 July 2020  via Internet Archive. ئويتوغراق يېزىسى توغراقئۆستەڭ كەنت
9. Zhong Xingqi 钟兴麒, ed. (July 2008). 西域地名考录 (in Simplified Chinese). Beijing: 国家图书馆出版社. p. 73. ISBN 978-7-5013-3628-9.
10. 2019年统计用区划代码和城乡划分代码：奥依托格拉克乡 \[2019 Statistical Area Numbers and Rural-Urban Area Numbers: Oytograk Township\] (in Simplified Chinese). National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China. 2019. Retrieved 21 July 2020. 统计用区划代码 城乡分类代码 名称 653226208200 220 塔吾尕孜村委会 653226208201 210 塔勒克艾日克村委会 653226208202 210 兰干吾斯塘村委会 653226208203 210 亚尔买里村委会 653226208204 220 托格拉吾斯塘村委会 653226208205 220 库勒艾日克村委会 653226208206 220 也斯尤勒滚村委会 653226208207 220 吐木亚村委会 653226208208 210 阿尔喀吾斯塘村委会 653226208209 220 依格孜都维村委会 653226208210 220 喀拉库木什村委会 653226208211 220 阿甫塔普勒克库勒村委会 653226208212 220 巴依拉克村委会 653226208213 220 阿勒尕村委会 653226208214 220 依纳克村委会 653226208215 220 拜合提村委会 653226208400 220 天津工业园区管理区 653226208401 123 新家园社区
11. Yesiyou Leguncun (Approved - N) at GEOnet Names Server, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
12. Yalikun Tashi; Philippe C. Chamard; Marie-Françoise Courel; Tashpolat Tiyip; Yiliminuer Tuerxun; Sam Drake (5 September 2009). "The Recent Evolution of the Oasis Environment in the Taklimakan Desert, China". *Water and Sustainability in Arid Regions*. pp. 51–74. doi:10.1007/978-90-481-2776-4\_4. ISBN 978-90-481-2775-7. Retrieved 23 July 2020.

## InfoBox

| Oytograk * ئويتوغراق يېزىسى (Uyghur) * 奥依托格拉克乡 (Chinese) Aoyituo Gelake | |
| --- | --- |
| Township | |
| OytograkLocation in Xinjiang | |
| Coordinates: 36°50′24″N 081°55′08″E / 36.84000°N 81.91889°E / 36.84000; 81.91889 | |
| Country | China |
| Autonomous Region | Xinjiang |
| Prefecture | Hotan |
| County | Yutian / Keriya |
| Seat | Langanwusitang
(兰干吾斯塘村) |
| Village-level divisions | 18 |
| Area | |
| Total | 3,639 km2 (1,405 sq mi) |
| Population (2010) | |
| Total | 18,271 |
| Density | 5.0/km2 (13/sq mi) |
| Ethnic groups | |
| Major ethnic groups | Uyghur |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |


title: Aisling Utri

abstract: Aisling Utri is an Australian rules footballer playing for the Western Bulldogs in the AFL Women's (AFLW). Utri was recruited by the Western Bulldogs as a rookie signing in August 2017 due to her career in field hockey. She made her debut in the twenty-six point win against Fremantle at VU Whitten Oval in the opening round of the 2018 season. In round 4 Utri received a nomination for the 2018 AFL Women's Rising Star award after recording 18 disposals in her side's win over Carlton.

text:
# Aisling Utri

**Aisling Utri** (born 21 March 1998) is an Australian rules footballer playing for the Western Bulldogs in the AFL Women's (AFLW). Utri was recruited by the Western Bulldogs as a rookie signing in August 2017 due to her career in field hockey. She made her debut in the twenty-six point win against Fremantle at VU Whitten Oval in the opening round of the 2018 season. In round 4 Utri received a nomination for the 2018 AFL Women's Rising Star award after recording 18 disposals in her side's win over Carlton.

## InfoBox

| Aisling Utri | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Personal information | | | |
| Date of birth | (1998-03-21) 21 March 1998 | | |
| Debut | Round 1, 2018, Western Bulldogs vs. Fremantle, at VU Whitten Oval | | |
| Height | 165 cm (5 ft 5 in) | | |
| Position(s) | Midfielder | | |
| Club information | | | |
| Current club | Western Bulldogs | | |
| Number | 23 | | |
| Playing career1 | | | |
| Years | **Club** | **Games (Goals)** |
| 2018– | Western Bulldogs | 14 (7) |
| 1 Playing statistics correct to the end of the 2020 season. | | | |
| Career highlights | | | |
|  | | | |
| Source: AustralianFootball.com | | | |


title: The Christian Post

abstract: The Christian Post is an American non-denominational, conservative, evangelical Christian online newspaper. Based in Washington, D.C., it was founded in March 2004. News topics include the Church, ministries, missions, education, Christian media, health, opinions, U.S. events, and international events. Also featured are devotionals, cartoons, and videos. Its executive editor is Richard Land, president of Southern Evangelical Seminary, and president emeritus of the Southern Baptist Convention's Ethics & Religious Liberty Commission. Christopher Chou is CEO.

text:
# The Christian Post

***The Christian Post*** is an American non-denominational, conservative, evangelical Christian online newspaper. Based in Washington, D.C., it was founded in March 2004.

News topics include the Church, ministries, missions, education, Christian media, health, opinions, U.S. events, and international events. Also featured are devotionals, cartoons, and videos.

Its executive editor is Richard Land, president of Southern Evangelical Seminary, and president emeritus of the Southern Baptist Convention's Ethics & Religious Liberty Commission. Christopher Chou is CEO.

## History

The online newspaper was founded in March 2004. The objective is to deliver news, information, and commentaries relevant to Christians across denominational lines and to bring greater attention to activities of Christians and Christian groups in United States and around the world. It moved its headquarters from San Francisco, California to Washington, D.C. in 2006. In 2017, the website had a monthly average of 10 million visits.

On December 23, 2019, Napp Nazworth, a nearly ten-year veteran of the publication and an editor for *The Christian Post*, resigned because the magazine planned to publish an article supporting President Trump after he became the subject of an editorial by a peer publication, *Christianity Today*. In that article, Mark Galli called for the removal of the president on December 19, 2019, following the impeachment. Nazworth stated that he could not "be an editor for a publication with that editorial voice" and resigned from *The Christian Post* as its political editor.

## Membership

*The Christian Post* is a global partner of the World Evangelical Alliance and a member of the Evangelical Press Association and the National Religious Broadcasters.

1. "About CP". *The Christian Post*. Retrieved October 25, 2017.
2. Omotayo O. Banjo, Kesha Morant Williams, *Contemporary Christian Culture: Messages, Missions, and Dilemmas*, Lexington Books, USA, 2017, p. 32
3. Why it is wise for Christians to support President Trump. By Jack Graham, CP:VOICES, Thursday, December 19, 2019.
4. *Christian magazine editor quits in row over Trump's evangelical support*, BBC News, December 24, 2019
5. WEA – World Evangelical Alliance Est 1846
6. Evangelical Press Association - Publication members
7. "General Information". *www.christianpost.com*. 2024-03-24. Retrieved 2024-03-24.

## InfoBox

The Christian Post
| "Then you will know the truth, and the truth will set you free." (John 8:32) | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Front page of *The Christian Post* | |
| Type | Christian news website |
| Format | Online |
| Owner(s) | The Christian Post, Inc. |
| Editor | Richard Land |
| Founded | March 2004 (2004-03) |
| Language | English |
| Headquarters | 6200 Second Street NW<br>Washington, D.C. |
| Country | United States |
| Website | christianpost.com |
|  | |


title: Oversinging

abstract: Oversinging is a term, sometimes derogatory, aimed at vocal styles that dominate the music they are performed in, including melisma and belting, and overuse of embellishments on one sound.

text:
# Oversinging

**Oversinging** is a term, sometimes derogatory, aimed at vocal styles that dominate the music they are performed in, including melisma and belting, and overuse of embellishments on one sound.

## Definition

Professor and voice instructor Melinda Imthurn writes:

> "Since oversinging is not a technical term, it's hard to define. To one person it might mean pushing the voice beyond healthy singing technique, while to another it might mean embellishing a song too much, sometimes to the point where the melody is no longer recognizable."

Oversinging is not a word found in common dictionaries, but it is a well-known phenomenon. Some forms of oversinging, especially in the United States, can be traced and attributed to renowned soloists in the 1980s like Whitney Houston.

There are different opinions on what oversinging implies, though it is commonly recognized as one or both of the following:

* Belting to an extreme by singing too loud by pushing one's singing voice "too much" (straining), or singing into a higher or lower range than is comfortable for one's voice (beyond one's useful vocal range).
* Excessive use of runs, whoops, vocal falsettos and melisma.

Oversinging can be technically understood as pushing too much breath pressure through the larynx, which is known as overblowing of the vocal folds. The result is the over-production of sound. Oversinging may also be termed "vocal gymnastics" when referring to usage of melisma. Hollywood vocal coach Roger Burnley describes this type of oversinging as "using too many riffs, runs, and embellishments".

Singers who try to impress or show off their vocal abilities may turn to this kind of singing.

## Critique

Many complain that contestants in shows such as Idol tend to oversing, and blame some of the most prominent American female singers for inspiring them. Some say it has been a rising trend following the many singing contests that started appearing in the early 2000s, especially in the United States. Essentially, oversinging can be considered a style, as trained vocalists might also use this technique.

Mariah Carey, Whitney Houston, Christina Aguilera, Kelly Clarkson, Ariana Grande, and Céline Dion are well known for their heavy use of melisma and belting, and the term "oversinging" is most often applied to well loved singers such as the aforementioned by people who feel negatively towards the singers of the style. This criticism is mainly focused on too much "vocal gymnastics" which some feel degrades the artistic merits of the song, and not necessarily that they strain their voices too much.

> While \[Roger\] Burnley believes all of those divas to be oversingers in their own right, \[Hollywood vocal coach, Chrys\] Page argues the opposite. "They don't oversing, but some young hopefuls, trying to sound exactly like those artists, consistently do it because they haven't yet found their own voice and style," he said.

When amateurs on shows such as American Idol are criticized for oversinging, it can be both because they use far too great "vocal gymnastics" and strain their voice beyond their vocal capability when trying to mimic famous singers with far greater vocal ranges and training.

Professional opera singer Sarah-Jane Dale on Whitney Houston's use of melisma: "You can't do it without proper breath control, and that's the one thing that Whitney Houston had bags of. Let's face it, singers like that do not come along every week."

## Vocal damage

Straining the singing voice, for instance by using belting without proper coordination, can lead to forcing, which in turn can cause vocal deterioration, known as fatigue of the vocal cords, also known as vocal fatigue. Straining the voice can lead the development of vocal nodules, a form of scarring on the vocal cords caused by strenuous or abusive voice practices. Professional singers on extended tours with tight schedules run a substantial risk of damaging their voices unless they make sure to rest the vocal cords and get enough sleep and proper diet.

Some famous singers known to have developed vocal nodules are Luciano Pavarotti, Whitney Houston, Mariah Carey, Freddie Mercury, and Joss Stone.

Singers known to have had their vocal nodules surgically treated include Justin Timberlake, Sam Smith, Tove Lo, Adele, Björk, Shirley Manson, Keith Urban, John Mayer and Rod Stewart. Julie Andrews is well known for her singing voice being permanently damaged by the surgery. Elton John is notable for having vocal surgery, as it caused his voice to significantly deepen.

Research by Massachusetts General Hospital which analysed a group of elite singers who suffered vocal cord damage, with a total of 240 Grammy award nominations among them, showed that 90% of those injuries was the result of vocal trauma and overuse.


title: The Crosby Boys

abstract:
The Crosby Boys was an American harmony singing group who were popular in nightclubs and on television during the 1950s and 1960s. They were the four sons of the popular singer Bing Crosby from his first marriage to the singer Dixie Lee.
  - Gary Crosby (1933–1995)
  - Dennis Crosby (1934–1991)
  - Phillip Crosby (1934–2004)
  - Lindsay Crosby (1938–1989)

text:
# The Crosby Boys

**The Crosby Boys** was an American harmony singing group who were popular in nightclubs and on television during the 1950s and 1960s.

They were the four sons of the popular singer Bing Crosby from his first marriage to the singer Dixie Lee.

## Singing career

The boys sang on their father's radio shows and made a record with Bing on September 5, 1950 called "A Crosby Christmas" which charted at number 22 in the *Billboard* lists in December, 1950. In 1958, the four brothers decided to form a vocal group called The Crosby Brothers. They were featured on the cover of *Life* on September 15, 1958. An appearance on *The Phil Silvers Show* on November 14, 1958, followed, and they made their debut as a singing group at Tucson, Arizona, in 1959. Moving on to the Chez Paree, Chicago, in June 1959, they earned a good review from *Variety* which said "CROSBY BROS. Chez Paree, Chicago. Songs 58 Mins. Bing Crosby’s four sons are launched on the cabaret scene in high style. The frères - Gary, Phillip, Dennis and Lindsay - have a superlative act that is likely to abash those skeptics who surmised the boys would trade merely on the lustrous family name." They continued to perform successfully at locations such as the Sahara in Las Vegas and the El Morocco nightclub in Montreal. However, after one of their performances at El Morocco in December 1959, the boys fought among themselves and Gary Crosby left the group.

Phillip, Dennis, and Lindsay continued without Gary and they were given useful exposure on the *Bing Crosby Show* seen on ABC-TV on February 29, 1960. Bing took the place of Gary to sing "Joshua Fit the Battle of Jericho" with his sons, who also sang two other songs themselves. They made their first LP for their father's company, Project Records, in April 1960, which was released by MGM Records and was well received. "The Crosby Brothers – Dennis – Philip – Lindsay Crosby (MGM); “Dinah” (Mills\*), a hip version of the oldie, makes a promising disk bow for this trio of Bing Crosby offspring. “The Green Grass Grows All Around” (Marfran\*) is a bright ensemble of this folk tune. To promote the album, the brothers appeared on the *I've Got a Secret* show and taught the panel how to lip-sync to "I Can't Give You Anything but Love."

Starting at the Desert Inn in Las Vegas and continuing for the next two years, the three men enjoyed useful success as The Crosby Brothers at venues such as the Chi Chi in Palm Springs, The Venetian room at the Fairmont in San Francisco, and the Latin Quarter in New York. During their stay at the Latin Quarter, they appeared on the *What's My Line?* TV show on May 14, 1961.

On television, the Crosby Brothers starred on several high-profile shows such as Perry Como's *Kraft Music Hall* (twice), *The Ed Sullivan Show* (four times) and of course the *Bing Crosby Show* (twice).

The Crosby Brothers act folded, however, when Lindsay Crosby had a breakdown in July 1962 in Juarez, Mexico. Lindsay had to be hospitalized for some time. Eventually, Phillip decided to embark on a solo career, and he had parts in several films, as well as one of the *Ben Casey* episodes. He also guest-starred on *The Bob Hope Christmas Special* on January 17, 1964. Lindsay and Dennis left show business.

## Discography

### Singles

### Albums

* *A Crosby Christmas* (EP) – with Bing Crosby (1950; not as a vocal group)
* *The Crosby Brothers – Dennis – Philip – Lindsay Crosby* (1960)
* *Presenting the Crosby Brothers* (2000)


title: P. A. L. Chapman-Rietschi

abstract: Peter Albert Leslie Chapman-Rietschi (1945-2017) was an independent scholar and research writer in the field of history of astronomy, ancient astral sciences, archaeoastronomy, and astrobiology, including bioastronomy and SETI. He was a Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society and in former years also Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada and Member of the Egypt Exploration Society.

text:
# P. A. L. Chapman-Rietschi

**Peter Albert Leslie Chapman-Rietschi** (1945-2017) was an independent scholar and research writer in the field of history of astronomy, ancient astral sciences, archaeoastronomy, and astrobiology, including bioastronomy and SETI.

He was a Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society and in former years also Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada and Member of the Egypt Exploration Society.

## Publications

## Book reviews

## Conference Papers

* Frontiers of Life. 3rd 'Rencontres de Blois', October 1991 (summary of bioastronomy talks). The Observatory, 112, 145–147, 1992
* Philosophy, Star Transformations and Okeanos. 3rd Conference of the 'International Association Cosmos and Philosophy' (IACP) 1991, Mytilene. In: Diotima, Institut de Philosophie de l'Université d'Athènes, J. Vrin, Paris, 21, 83–86, 1993.
* Sappho and the Astral Sciences, co-work with Anne Chapman-Rietschi. In: 14th Conference of the 'Société Européenne pour l'Astronomie dans la Culture' (SEAC) 2006, Rhodes and 17th IACP 2007, Athens. In: Ordre et Liberté: L'Univers Cosmique et Human, I.P.R. Athènes, 123–128, 2011, and In: Philosophia, Academy of Athens, 42, 75–79, 2012
* Catherine of Alexandria and the Art of Sacred Astronomy, co-work with Anne Chapman-Rietschi. In: 19th IACP 2010, Athens. In: Ordre et Liberté: L'Univers Cosmique et Human, I.P.R. Athènes, 159–167, 2011, and In: Diotima, Institut de Philosophie de l'Université d'Athènes, J. Vrin, Paris, 41, 153–161, 2013.
* Other Worlds, Other Life. 11th IACP 2000, Prague. In: Cosmological Viewpoints, St. Kliment Ohridski University Press, Sofia, 138–140, 2015.
* ETI and Humankind. 12th IACP 2001, Aegina. In : Cosmological Viewpoints, St. Kliment Ohridski University Press, Sofia, 189–192, 2015.

## Key to conferences

* IACP = International Association Cosmos and Philosophy
* INSAP = The Inspiration of Astronomical Phenomena
* SEAC = Société pour l'Astronomie dans la Culture


title: The Crosby Case

abstract: The Crosby Case is a 1934 American pre-Code crime film directed by Edwin L. Marin and written by Warren B. Duff and Gordon Kahn. The film stars Wynne Gibson, Onslow Stevens, Richard "Skeets" Gallagher, Alan Dinehart, Warren Hymer, William Collier, Sr. and John Wray. The film was released on March 5, 1934, by Universal Pictures.

text:
# The Crosby Case

***The Crosby Case*** is a 1934 American pre-Code crime film directed by Edwin L. Marin and written by Warren B. Duff and Gordon Kahn. The film stars Wynne Gibson, Onslow Stevens, Richard "Skeets" Gallagher, Alan Dinehart, Warren Hymer, William Collier, Sr. and John Wray. The film was released on March 5, 1934, by Universal Pictures.

## Plot

## Cast

## InfoBox

| The Crosby Case | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Directed by | Edwin L. Marin |
| Screenplay by | Warren B. Duff
Gordon Kahn |
| Story by | Warren B. Duff
Gordon Kahn |
| Produced by | Carl Laemmle, Jr. |
| Starring | Wynne Gibson
Onslow Stevens
Richard "Skeets" Gallagher
Alan Dinehart
Warren Hymer
William Collier, Sr.
John Wray |
| Cinematography | Norbert Brodine |
| Edited by | Robert Carlisle |
| Production
company | Universal Pictures |
| Distributed by | Universal Pictures |
| Release date | * March 5, 1934 (1934-03-05) |
| Running time | 60 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: Oyun

abstract: Oyun is a Local Government Area in Kwara State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Ilemona. It has an area of 476 km⁲ and a population of 94,253 at the 2006 census. The major towns in Oyun are Erin-ile, Ijagbo, Ikotun, Ojoku. Erin-ile as a town has population of over 50,000 inhabitants and land good for farming and manufacturing businesses. The postal code of the area is 240.

text:
# Oyun

**Oyun** is a Local Government Area in Kwara State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Ilemona.

It has an area of 476 km2 and a population of 94,253 at the 2006 census. The major towns in Oyun are Erin-ile, Ijagbo, Ikotun, Ojoku. Erin-ile as a town has population of over 50,000 inhabitants and land good for farming and manufacturing businesses.

The postal code of the area is 240.

oyun oyna 13 dec 2023 Archive

## InfoBox

| Oyun OYUNIlemona | |
| --- | --- |
| LGA | |
| Nickname: OYUN | |
| Country | Nigeria |
| State | Kwara State |
| Government | |
| Local Government Chairman and the Head of the Local Government Council | Dr Waheed Ibrahim Olaitan |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (WAT) |
| 240 | 240 |
|  | |


title: Ozan Lumber Company

abstract: The Ozan Lumber Company was a major timber company based in Nevada and Clark County, Arkansas, eventually operating several mills and owning extensive timberlands. It was founded and owned by the Bemis family of Arkansas during the early 20th century, and was prominent during the 1930s and the Great Depression. The family company established a practice of replanting to create sustainable forests.

text:
# Ozan Lumber Company

The **Ozan Lumber Company** was a major timber company based in Nevada and Clark County, Arkansas, eventually operating several mills and owning extensive timberlands. It was founded and owned by the Bemis family of Arkansas during the early 20th century, and was prominent during the 1930s and the Great Depression. The family company established a practice of replanting to create sustainable forests.

## Origins and expansion

Texas businessmen J.H. Bemis and his cousin Benjamin Whitaker opened a mill in Prescott, Arkansas, calling it the Ozan Lumber Company. Bemis had moved to Texas from New York. One of his four sons, Horace Erastus Bemis (H.E.), who died in 1914, had purchased the Prescott and Northwestern Railroad. It played a vital part in transporting the timber and company supplies, supporting a vertical integration of the company.

H.E. Bemis operated the mill in partnership with his brothers, J.W. Bemis and William N. Bemis. It achieved its greatest success under direction by James Rosborough Bemis, known as J.R. Bemis, who was William's son. Over the course of the next decade the mill became extremely profitable. By the early 20th century, Benjamin Whitaker was no longer a part of the mills operations, having sold out to J.H. Bemis, the primary stock holder for the company.

Around the turn of the century, mill towns were developing all around Arkansas, most notably Graysonia, in Clark County, to harvest the pine forests. In December 1915, the Bemis brothers merged their company with the Grayson-McLeod Company, founders of Graysonia. By that time the logging camp had developed to a town of more than 1,000 people, with a movie theater, three hotels, numerous restaurants and cafes, a school and a church. With the merger, they renamed the company as Ozan-Graysonia Lumber Company.

J.H. Bemis died in 1918, leaving his sons to run the company. W.N. Bemis and J.W. Bemis were the main share holders, and both had been active in the company since its beginnings. In 1919, J.R. Bemis, son of W.N. Bemis, moved to Graysonia to learn the lumber business. He was twenty years old. He remained in Graysonia until July 1920, when he traveled to St. Louis, Missouri and began working with Don Lambert, learning how the lumber sales business worked from the standpoint of working off commission. By 1921, J.R. Bemis had returned to Prescott, Arkansas.

J.W. Bemis died in 1922, leaving William and his son J.R. as the only remaining Bemis family share holders. J.R. took over the management of the Ozan Lumber Company, while his father opened a wholesale lumber business in St. Louis. In 1929, J.R. and his cousin Hubert Whitaker opened a wholesale lumber business in Prescott, with J.R. managing the production and Whitaker handling the sales. The Ozan Lumber Company by this time was operating in Whelen Springs, in Clark County. Although the Great Depression had begun, the Ozan Lumber Company continued to operate, providing employment in that area.

## J.R. Bemis takes over

In 1935, W.N. Bemis died, leaving J.R. as the main share holder for the company. In 1936, the mill in Prescott burned. At the time, the company was building another mill in Delight, Arkansas, but progress was slowed by the loss of the operating one. In January, 1937, the Delight mill was completed, behind schedule. In 1939, the Whelen Springs mill was closed, with J.R. Bemis opening another mill in Rosboro, Arkansas. Thomas Rosborough had closed down his operations there and moved his company, Caddo River Timber, to Springfield, Oregon. Rosborough's company, Rosboro Lumber, is today one of the largest private timber holders in the Pacific Northwest.

J.R. Bemis used his new Rosboro mill to supply the Delight mill, via the Missouri Pacific Railroad. By then Bemis had the Prescott mill back in operation, the Delight mill was running full force, and his Rosboro mill was feeding Delight.

Ovan Lumber Company and Ozan-Graysonia Lumber Company had been two separate companies since the 1920s. However, they were merged after W.N. Bemis' death. Through this merger, J.R. Bemis acquired mills in Hope, Prescott, Arkadelphia and Nashville, Arkansas, as well as more than 52,000 acres (210 km2) of timberland. D.K. Bemis, a cousin to J.R., had begun handling the land and timber operations in 1935.

He provided for the long-term operations of the company, by constantly having their areas replanted following the timber being cut. Using the companies Chief Forester, T.R. Moberg, the company began selective harvesting. D.K. Bemis pioneered the school forest idea, which is now widespread. Beginning in the late 1930s, school children were asked to assist in the replanting of trees, as a part of their school's education program. By the 1950s many of these children would see at least one cutting of the timber they planted.

Due to this modern thinking, the company thrived. Companies of the past had cut over all virgin timber, then moved on to another location. By replanting and selective harvesting, the Ozan Lumber Company created sustainable forests. By 1956 the company owned 132,000 acres (530 km2) of timberland.

In March 1952, the mill at Delight burned, resulting in the Rosboro mill being placed on a two-shift schedule to pick up the slack. In October, 1952, the company leased a mill in Antoine, Arkansas, and by November 1953, the second shift at Rosboro's mill was discontinued. Ozan Lumber Company also ventured into the automotive industry, managing the Smackover Motor Company and the Prescott Motor Company. The company sold out to Potlatch Corporation in 1965. J.R. Bemis died on March 16, 2000.

## InfoBox

Ozan Lumber Company
| Headquarters | United States |
| --- | --- |


title: Oxford Research Encyclopedias

abstract: The Oxford Research Encyclopedias (OREs), which includes 25 encyclopedias in different areas, is an encyclopedic collection published by Oxford University Press in print and online. Its website was entirely free during an initial development period of several years. Now there is a fee to access articles on this site, although a portion remains freely accessible. Three of encyclopedias resulted from a collaboration between Oxford University Press and National Association of Social Workers Press, American Institute of Physics, and International Studies Association.

text:
# Oxford Research Encyclopedias

***The Oxford Research Encyclopedias*** (OREs), which includes 25 encyclopedias in different areas, is an encyclopedic collection published by Oxford University Press in print and online. Its website was entirely free during an initial development period of several years. Now there is a fee to access articles on this site, although a portion remains freely accessible. Three of encyclopedias resulted from a collaboration between Oxford University Press and National Association of Social Workers Press, American Institute of Physics, and International Studies Association.

## Encyclopedias

| African History | Economics and Finance | Literature |
| --- | --- | --- |
| American History | Education | Natural Hazard Science |
| Anthropology | *Encyclopedia of Social Work* | Neuroscience |
| Asian History | Environmental Science | *Oxford Classical Dictionary* |
| Business and Management | Global Public Health | Planetary Science |
| Climate Science | International Studies | Politics |
| Communication | Latin American History | Psychology |
| Criminology and Criminal Justice | Linguistics | Religion |

1. Bruns, C. (2018). "Advisor Reviews - Standard Review: Oxford Research Encyclopedias". *The Charleston Advisor*. **20** (2): 35–37. doi:10.5260/chara.20.2.35. S2CID 240146525.
2. *Oxford Research Encyclopedias: A Community of Scholars*. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press.
3. "Disciplines". *Oxford Research Encyclopedias*. Retrieved 2023-01-02.
4. "About". *Oxford Research Encyclopedias*. Retrieved 2023-01-02.


title: The Compass Institute Inc

abstract: The Compass Institute is a special education organisation based in Queensland, Australia. Commencing in 1991 the organisation provided Alternative Education programmes to youth at risk in local secondary and primary schools with over 7,000 school students benefiting from an evergrowing range of specialist programmes. The Compass Education & Training Service commenced in 2003 with 3 trainees and one staff member. The service now supports over 200 trainees through 80 staff across five centres and 12 social enterprises – micro businesses that include the 20-acre Compass Farm, Connections Cafe, Harvest Kitchen, The Garden Cafe, Rakes and Panes and Earth & Wood. In 2016 Compass commenced its Assistance Dogs Programme, purchasing and training pups to support children with autism and/or intellectual disabilities. The programme engages with corporate sponsors who support the costs of raising and training a pup for 2 years and in return have naming rights for the pup along with significant co-branded media and promotional opportunities across the working life of the dog – up to ten years. This support allows Compass to essentially gift the dog to the child in need. The programme has now been launched nationally.

text:
# The Compass Institute Inc

**The Compass Institute** is a special education organisation based in Queensland, Australia.

Commencing in 1991 the organisation provided Alternative Education programmes to youth at risk in local secondary and primary schools with over 7,000 school students benefiting from an evergrowing range of specialist programmes. The Compass Education & Training Service commenced in 2003 with 3 trainees and one staff member. The service now supports over 200 trainees through 80 staff across five centres and 12 social enterprises – micro businesses that include the 20-acre Compass Farm, Connections Cafe, Harvest Kitchen, The Garden Cafe, Rakes and Panes and Earth & Wood.

In 2016 Compass commenced its Assistance Dogs Programme, purchasing and training pups to support children with autism and/or intellectual disabilities. The programme engages with corporate sponsors who support the costs of raising and training a pup for 2 years (approximately $25,000) and in return have naming rights for the pup along with significant co-branded media and promotional opportunities across the working life of the dog – up to ten years. This support allows Compass to essentially gift the dog to the child in need. The programme has now been launched nationally.

## Education

The Compass Institute Inc. provides further education in a broad range of subjects. The goal of the institute is to provide real life skills with a focus on personal development and independent living. This includes literacy, numeracy, communication, fitness, social skills, food preparation, personal grooming, transport and community participation.

Compass employs staff in roles such as teachers, trainers, coaches and mentors, similarly those that attend Compass are students or 'Trainees' and not referred to as 'clients'.

## Training and vocation

The organisation works on making pathways for disabled young people to become increasingly independent. Central to Compass training and vocation units is the provision of "real further education, skills-based training and vocational opportunities as part of a structured pathway to social and economic participation". Through the vocational pathways Compass provides, people with a disability have successfully been placed into appropriate and rewarding work. The Compass Institute Inc. is involved in setting up social enterprises as vocational pathways for its trainees. These are 'real life' businesses that are integrated into the local community, including lawn and garden maintenance, Vehicle detailing, business support services, art and craft markets and the Compass Farm.

The purchase of an 8 hectare property enabled the organisation to set up an innovative educational and vocational setting, known as the Compass Farm. At this facility trainees can undertake vocational training, work experience and therapy. In 2011, 20 people with disabilities, ranging in ages from 20 to 30 undertook training and work programs at the property. Activities range from animal husbandry, mixed horticulture, nursery work and property maintenance work.

## Martial values

Underpinning the structure and organisation of both the service provision and management of Compass are the philosophies of Japanese Budo. The early work of the Aikido Institute (now The Compass Institute Inc.) involved running intervention programs and life skills classes that used Aikido and Budō to help students with goal setting, anger management, time management, and self-defence. These "unique experiential programs" employed the principles of traditional martial arts philosophy and practice to engage students. From here Compass branched out into the disability service, but the role of Aikido and budo philosophy has never ceased to have an important role in the running of Compass.

Compass CEO David Dangerfield has been using martial arts to help build physical skills and self-confidence in people for over 30 years. He saw the potential to do the same with people with both physical or intellectual disabilities. "These individuals are always reminded of what they can't do, Martial arts is something they can do. It's a great physical outlet..."

## InfoBox

The Compass Institute Inc.
|
|  |
| Founder | David Dangerfield |
| Focus | Further education, training and vocational pathways for young people with disabilities |
| Location | * Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia |
| Area served | Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia |
| Services | Disability service |
| Formerly called | The Aikido Institute |


title: The Castle, Farringdon

abstract: The Castle is a Grade II listed public house at 34-35 Cowcross Street, Farringdon, London. A public house of this name has existed on this site since at least the 18th century. Eliza, the wife of Sir John Soane, was born on the same site in 1760. It was once frequented by King George IV, who issued the landlord with a pawnbroker's licence and handed over his gold watch to obtain some cash after losing money on a cockfight. There is still a pawnbroker's sign - three brass balls - on the outside of the pub and a smaller one inside. Construction of the current building by the architect H. Dawson started in 1865 and it was opened on 21 November 1867.

text:
# The Castle, Farringdon

**The Castle** is a Grade II listed public house at 34-35 Cowcross Street, Farringdon, London.

A public house of this name has existed on this site since at least the 18th century.

Eliza, the wife of Sir John Soane, was born on the same site in 1760.

It was once frequented by King George IV, who issued the landlord with a pawnbroker's licence and handed over his gold watch to obtain some cash after losing money on a cockfight. There is still a pawnbroker's sign - three brass balls - on the outside of the pub and a smaller one inside.

Construction of the current building by the architect H. Dawson started in 1865 and it was opened on 21 November 1867.

51°31′13″N 0°06′16″W / 51.520266°N 0.10438°W / 51.520266; -0.10438

## InfoBox

| The Castle in Farringdon | |
| --- | --- |
| The Castle, Cowcross Street, Farringdon | |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Address | 34-35 Cowcross Street |
| Town or city | London |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Groundbreaking | 1865 |
| Completed | 1867 |
| Design and construction | |
| Architect(s) | H. Dawson |
| Website | |
| www.thecastlefarringdon.co.uk | |