title: 1981–82 County Championship

abstract: The 1981–82 County Championship was the 40th season of the Liga IV, the fourth tier of the Romanian football league system. The champions of each county association play against one from a neighboring county in a play-off to gain promotion to Divizia C.

text:
# 1981–82 County Championship

The **1981–82 County Championship** was the 40th season of the Liga IV, the fourth tier of the Romanian football league system. The champions of each county association play against one from a neighboring county in a play-off to gain promotion to Divizia C.

## Promotion play-off

Teams promoted to Divizia C without a play-off matches as teams from less represented counties in the third division.

Preliminary round

| Team 1 | Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score | Team 2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Metalul Periș (IF) |  | () **Vâscoza București** |  |  |

The matches was played on 5 and 12 July 1981.

| Team 1 | Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score | Team 2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Proletarul Bacău (BC) | 3–3 | (GL) **DVA Portul Galați** | 3–1 | 0–2 |
| **Sticla Bistrița** (BN) | 2–2 (3–2 ) | (MM) IS Sighetu Marmației | 2–0 | 0–2 |
| Progresul Băilești (DJ) | 4–4 (0–3 ) | (OT) **IPC Slatina** | 3–1 | 1–3 |
| **Electrica Titu** (DB) | 4–3 | (TR) Constructorul TCIF Buzescu | 3–1 | 1–2 |
| Auto Timișoara (TM) | 3–5 | (AR) **Frontiera Curtici** | 2–3 | 1–2 |
| **Vâscoza București** () | 4–3 | (PH) Victoria Florești | 3–0 | 1–3 |
| **Progresul Topoloveni** (AG) | 5–2 | (VL) Cauciucul Dragașani | 2–1 | 3–1 |
| Automecanica Reșița (CS) | 4–5 | (MH) **Armătura Strehaia** | 4–0 | 0–5 |
| Unio Satu Mare (SM) | 0–2 | (BH) **Minerul Bihor** | 0–0 | 0–2 |
| **Soda Ocna Mureș** (AB) | 3–1 | (HD) Constructorul Hunedoara | 3–0 | 0–1 |
| **Olimpia Gherla** (CJ) | 4–3 | (MS) Electromureș Târgu Mureș | 3–1 | 1–2 |
| Victoria Munteni-Buzău (IL) | 1–2 | (CL) **ISCIP Ulmeni** | 1–1 | 0–1 |
| Șoimii Topolog (TL) | 2–2 (2–4 ) | (CT) **Dobrogea Canal Basarabi** | 2–0 | 0–2 |
| Sănătatea Darabani (BT) | 0–16 | (SV) **Zimbrul Suceava** | 0–5 | 0–11 |
| **Textila Prejmer** (BV) | 3–3 | (HR) Flamura Roșie Sânsimion | 2–0 | 1–3 |
| Constructorul Voința Odobești (VN) | 1–3 | (BZ) **Metalul Buzău** | 1–2 | 0–1 |
| Tehnoton Iași (IS) | 2–6 | (NT) **AZO-TCM Săvinești** | 1–1 | 1–5 |

## County leagues

### Arad County

Series A

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Gloria Arad (Q) | 30 | 23 | 2 | 5 | 81 | 27 | +54 | 48 | Qualification to championship final |
| 2 | Motorul Arad | 30 | 16 | 7 | 7 | 79 | 26 | +53 | 39 |  |
| 3 | Victoria Nădlac | 30 | 17 | 5 | 8 | 59 | 35 | +24 | | 39 |
| 4 | Semlecana Semlac | 30 | 17 | 4 | 9 | 50 | 27 | +23 | | 38 |
| 5 | Unirea Șeitin | 30 | 16 | 6 | 8 | 47 | 32 | +15 | | 38 |
| 6 | Victoria Zăbrani | 30 | 15 | 7 | 8 | 62 | 45 | +17 | | 37 |
| 7 | Fulgerul Arad | 30 | 13 | 8 | 9 | 57 | 43 | +14 | | 34 |
| 8 | Progresul Pecica | 30 | 11 | 9 | 10 | 50 | 41 | +9 | | 31 |
| 9 | Mureșul Zădăreni | 30 | 11 | 6 | 13 | 63 | 49 | +14 | | 28 |
| 10 | Înfrățirea Iratoșu | 30 | 13 | 1 | 16 | 61 | 55 | +6 | | 27 |
| 11 | Libertatea Arad | 30 | 9 | 8 | 13 | 32 | 54 | 22 | | 26 |
| 12 | CPL Arad | 30 | 7 | 11 | 12 | 33 | 35 | 2 | | 25 |
| 13 | Victoria Felnac | 30 | 7 | 7 | 16 | 42 | 81 | 39 | | 21 |
| 14 | Viitorul Turnu | 30 | 7 | 5 | 18 | 26 | 91 | 65 | | 19 |
| 15 | Banatul Vinga | 30 | 5 | 7 | 18 | 32 | 77 | 45 | | 17 |
| 16 | Unirea Aluniș | 30 | 4 | 5 | 21 | 28 | 84 | 56 | | 13 |

Source:
Rules for classification: 1) Points; 2) Goal difference; 3) Number of goals scored.
(Q) Qualified for the phase indicated Series B

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Frontiera Curtici (Q) | 30 | 20 | 7 | 3 | 69 | 23 | +46 | 47 | Qualification to championship final |
| 2 | Crișana Sebiș | 30 | 19 | 3 | 8 | 93 | 29 | +64 | 41 |  |
| 3 | Stăruința Dorobanți | 30 | 18 | 3 | 9 | 61 | 38 | +23 | | 39 |
| 4 | Gloria Ineu | 30 | 16 | 5 | 9 | 76 | 30 | +46 | | 37 |
| 5 | Șiriana Șiria | 30 | 15 | 7 | 8 | 70 | 45 | +25 | | 37 |
| 6 | Strungul Chișineu-Criș | 30 | 14 | 6 | 10 | 76 | 42 | +34 | | 34 |
| 7 | Unirea Șofronea | 30 | 15 | 4 | 11 | 82 | 48 | +34 | | 34 |
| 8 | Metalul Ineu | 30 | 15 | 2 | 13 | 66 | 58 | +8 | | 32 |
| 9 | Șoimii Pâncota | 30 | 12 | 4 | 14 | 35 | 39 | 4 | | 28 |
| 10 | Voința Macea | 30 | 10 | 6 | 14 | 49 | 62 | 13 | | 26 |
| 11 | Crișul Buteni | 30 | 11 | 4 | 15 | 55 | 76 | 21 | | 26 |
| 12 | Olimpia Bocsig | 30 | 9 | 7 | 14 | 49 | 61 | 12 | | 25 |
| 13 | Dacia Beliu | 30 | 9 | 5 | 16 | 41 | 105 | 64 | | 23 |
| 14 | Unirea Sântana | 30 | 9 | 4 | 17 | 42 | 86 | 44 | | 22 |
| 15 | CFR Gurahonț | 30 | 9 | 3 | 18 | 31 | 82 | 51 | | 21 |
| 16 | Victoria Seleuș | 30 | 4 | 0 | 26 | 29 | 100 | 71 | | 8 |

Source:
Rules for classification: 1) Points; 2) Goal difference; 3) Number of goals scored.
(Q) Qualified for the phase indicated Championship final

The matches was played on 4 and 8 June 1980.

| Team 1 | Agg.Tooltip Aggregate score | Team 2 | 1st leg | 2nd leg |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Gloria Arad |  | **Frontiera Curtici** |  |  |

*Frontiera Curtici won the 1981–82 Arad County Championship and qualify for promotion play-off in Divizia C.*

### Botoșani County

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Sănătatea Darabani (C, Q) | 32 | 22 | 5 | 5 | 107 | 33 | +74 | 49 | Qualification to promotion play-off |
| 2 | Înainte Copălău | 32 | 22 | 3 | 7 | 86 | 47 | +39 | 47 |  |
| 3 | Luceafărul Botoșani | 32 | 19 | 3 | 10 | 82 | 66 | +16 | | 41 |
| 4 | Munca Drăgușeni | 32 | 18 | 2 | 12 | 82 | 66 | +16 | | 38 |
| 5 | Intex Botoșani | 32 | 17 | 4 | 11 | 79 | 66 | +13 | | 38 |
| 6 | Mașini Unelte Dorohoi | 32 | 16 | 3 | 13 | 67 | 56 | +11 | | 35 |
| 7 | Sportivul Trușești | 32 | 14 | 2 | 16 | 83 | 78 | +5 | | 30 |
| 8 | Flacăra Flămânzi | 32 | 13 | 3 | 16 | 68 | 54 | +14 | | 29 |
| 9 | Avântul Albești | 32 | 11 | 7 | 14 | 57 | 61 | 4 | | 29 |
| 10 | Unirea Săveni | 32 | 12 | 5 | 15 | 68 | 77 | 9 | | 29 |
| 11 | Avântul Mihai Eminescu | 32 | 13 | 2 | 17 | 69 | 73 | 4 | | 28 |
| 12 | Rapid Ungureni | 32 | 13 | 2 | 17 | 54 | 71 | 17 | | 28 |
| 13 | Viitorul Dersca | 32 | 13 | 2 | 17 | 56 | 75 | 19 | | 28 |
| 14 | Zorile Roma | 32 | 11 | 3 | 18 | 65 | 88 | 23 | | 25 |
| 15 | Zorile Havârna | 32 | 11 | 3 | 18 | 45 | 96 | 51 | | 25 |
| 16 | Spicul Avrămeni | 32 | 7 | 6 | 19 | 48 | 89 | 41 | | 20 |
| 17 | Sportivul Ripiceni | 32 | 8 | 3 | 21 | 38 | 92 | 54 | | 19 |

Source:
Rules for classification: 1) Points; 2) Goal difference; 3) Number of goals scored.
(C) Champions; (Q) Qualified for the phase indicated

### Covasna County

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Constructorul Sfântu Gheorghe (C, Q) | 34 | 26 | 3 | 5 | 79 | 25 | +54 | 55 | Qualification to promotion play-off |
| 2 | Electro Sfântu Gheorghe | 34 | 23 | 5 | 6 | 123 | 43 | +80 | 49 |  |
| 3 | Avântul Ilieni | 34 | 19 | 2 | 13 | 65 | 44 | +21 | | 40 |
| 4 | IAS Câmpu Frumos | 34 | 17 | 5 | 12 | 91 | 59 | +32 | | 39 |
| 5 | Carpați Covasna | 34 | 16 | 5 | 13 | 56 | 39 | +17 | | 37 |
| 6 | Apemin Biborțeni | 34 | 16 | 4 | 14 | 65 | 76 | 11 | | 36 |
| 7 | Venus Ozun | 34 | 15 | 5 | 14 | 66 | 57 | +9 | | 35 |
| 8 | Ciucașul Întorsura Buzăului | 34 | 14 | 6 | 14 | 55 | 50 | +5 | | 34 |
| 9 | Perkő Sânzieni | 34 | 14 | 6 | 14 | 49 | 51 | 2 | | 34 |
| 10 | Stăruința Bodoc | 34 | 13 | 8 | 13 | 54 | 55 | 1 | | 32 |
| 11 | Stăruința Cernat | 34 | 12 | 8 | 14 | 60 | 65 | 5 | | 32 |
| 12 | Stăruința Zagon | 34 | 14 | 3 | 17 | 63 | 75 | 12 | | 31 |
| 13 | Recolta Vârghiș | 34 | 13 | 4 | 17 | 54 | 108 | 54 | | 30 |
| 14 | Progresul Chichiș | 34 | 14 | 3 | 17 | 37 | 43 | 6 | | 29 |
| 15 | Unirea Reci | 34 | 12 | 4 | 18 | 53 | 69 | 16 | | 28 |
| 16 | Recolta Tamașfalău | 34 | 9 | 10 | 15 | 49 | 73 | 24 | | 28 |
| 17 | Progresul Catalina | 34 | 10 | 4 | 20 | 59 | 85 | 26 | | 22 |
| 18 | Victoria Fotoș | 34 | 5 | 3 | 26 | 33 | 97 | 64 | | 11 |

Source:
Rules for classification: 1) Points; 2) Goal difference; 3) Number of goals scored.
(C) Champions; (Q) Qualified for the phase indicated
Notes: 1. Electro Sfântu Gheorghe, Stăruința Bodoc, Progresul Chichiș, Progresul Catalina and Victoria Fotoș deducted 2 points.

### Harghita County

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Flamura Roșie Sânsimion (C, Q) | 21 | 13 | 6 | 2 | 43 | 16 | +27 | 32 | Qualification to promotion play-off |
| 2 | Unirea Hodoșa | 21 | 14 | 2 | 5 | 53 | 24 | +29 | 30 |  |
| 3 | Metalul Vlăhița | 22 | 12 | 5 | 5 | 62 | 22 | +40 | | 29 |
| 4 | Mobila Ditrău | 22 | 12 | 5 | 5 | 46 | 19 | +27 | | 29 |
| 5 | Harghita Miercurea Ciuc | 22 | 13 | 3 | 6 | 49 | 27 | +22 | | 29 |
| 6 | Spicul Ulieș | 22 | 9 | 2 | 11 | 43 | 47 | 4 | | 20 |
| 7 | Rapid Porumbenii Mari | 22 | 9 | 2 | 11 | 42 | 54 | 12 | | 20 |
| 8 | Complexul Gălăuțaș | 22 | 7 | 4 | 11 | 33 | 47 | 14 | | 18 |
| 9 | Viață Nouă Remetea | 22 | 7 | 2 | 13 | 35 | 72 | 37 | | 16 |
| 10 | Șoimii Băile Tușnad | 22 | 6 | 3 | 13 | 36 | 53 | 17 | | 15 |
| 11 | Făgetul Borsec (R) | 22 | 6 | 1 | 15 | 19 | 48 | 29 | 13 | Relegation to Harghita County Championship II |
| 12 | ITA Cârța (R) | 22 | 4 | 3 | 15 | 23 | 55 | 32 | | 11 |

Source:
Rules for classification: 1) Points; 2) Goal difference; 3) Number of goals scored.
(C) Champions; (Q) Qualified for the phase indicated; (R) Relegated
Notes: 1. Făgetul Borsec withdrew after 16 rounds and lost all remaining matches with 0–3.

### Hunedoara County

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Constructorul Hunedoara (C, Q) | 22 | 16 | 1 | 5 | 48 | 22 | +26 | 33 | Qualification to promotion play-off |
| 2 | Avântul Hațeg | 22 | 14 | 2 | 6 | 53 | 25 | +28 | 30 |  |
| 3 | Minerul Deva | 22 | 14 | 1 | 7 | 45 | 36 | +9 | | 29 |
| 4 | Minerul Uricani | 22 | 13 | 1 | 8 | 58 | 33 | +25 | | 27 |
| 5 | IMC Bârcea | 22 | 12 | 2 | 8 | 40 | 20 | +20 | | 26 |
| 6 | Metalul Crișcior | 22 | 12 | 1 | 9 | 39 | 39 | 0 | | 25 |
| 7 | Parângul Lonea | 22 | 10 | 3 | 9 | 35 | 23 | +12 | | 23 |
| 8 | Mecanica Orăștie | 22 | 8 | 5 | 9 | 27 | 34 | 7 | | 21 |
| 9 | Preparatorul Petrila | 22 | 10 | 0 | 12 | 40 | 42 | 2 | | 20 |
| 10 | Minerul Teliuc | 22 | 6 | 4 | 12 | 26 | 48 | 22 | | 16 |
| 11 | CFR Petroșani | 22 | 4 | 3 | 15 | 19 | 44 | 25 | | 11 |
| 12 | Metalul Simeria | 22 | 1 | 1 | 20 | 10 | 74 | 64 | | 3 |

Source:
Rules for classification: 1) Points; 2) Goal difference; 3) Number of goals scored.
(C) Champions; (Q) Qualified for the phase indicated

### Maramureș County

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | IS Sighetu Marmației (C, Q) | 26 | 19 | 3 | 4 | 78 | 22 | +56 | 41 | Qualification to promotion play-off |
| 2 | Electrica Baia Mare | 26 | 16 | 3 | 7 | 62 | 30 | +32 | 35 |  |
| 3 | Stăruința Recea | 26 | 16 | 1 | 9 | 76 | 46 | +30 | | 33 |
| 4 | Metalul Bogdan Vodă | 26 | 16 | 1 | 9 | 52 | 47 | +5 | | 33 |
| 5 | Tractorul Satulung | 26 | 14 | 3 | 9 | 65 | 39 | +26 | | 31 |
| 6 | Recolta Rozavlea | 26 | 14 | 3 | 9 | 56 | 41 | +15 | | 31 |
| 7 | Maramureșana Sighetu Marmației | 26 | 12 | 3 | 11 | 44 | 28 | +16 | | 27 |
| 8 | IPP Coștiui | 26 | 12 | 3 | 11 | 53 | 75 | 22 | | 27 |
| 9 | Iza Dragomirești | 26 | 11 | 4 | 11 | 38 | 49 | 11 | | 26 |
| 10 | Voința Târgu Lăpuș | 26 | 10 | 2 | 14 | 46 | 48 | 2 | | 22 |
| 11 | Forestiera Câmpulung la Tisa | 26 | 9 | 4 | 13 | 37 | 43 | 6 | | 22 |
| 12 | Recolta Cernești | 26 | 10 | 1 | 15 | 50 | 71 | 21 | | 21 |
| 13 | Voința Poienile de sub Munte (R) | 26 | 6 | 2 | 18 | 39 | 81 | 42 | 14 | Relegation to Maramureș County Championship II |
| 14 | Minerul Valea Chioarului (R) | 26 | 0 | 1 | 25 | 10 | 86 | 76 | | 1 |

Source:
Rules for classification: 1) Points; 2) Goal difference; 3) Number of goals scored.
(C) Champions; (Q) Qualified for the phase indicated; (R) Relegated
Notes: 1. Minerul Valea Chioarului withdrew at the end of the first part of the season and lost all remaining matches with 0–3.

### Mureș County

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Electromureș Târgu Mureș (C, Q) | 32 | 20 | 9 | 3 | 75 | 16 | +59 | 49 | Qualification to promotion play-off |
| 2 | IRA Târgu Mureș | 32 | 18 | 10 | 4 | 54 | 22 | +32 | 46 |  |
| 3 | Autobuzul Târnăveni | 32 | 19 | 6 | 7 | 74 | 27 | +47 | | 44 |
| 4 | Viitorul Târgu Mureș | 32 | 16 | 8 | 8 | 66 | 36 | +30 | | 40 |
| 5 | Metalul Reghin | 32 | 15 | 6 | 11 | 49 | 30 | +19 | | 36 |
| 6 | Constructorul Târgu Mureș | 32 | 11 | 9 | 12 | 31 | 27 | +4 | | 31 |
| 7 | Sticla Târnăveni | 32 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 39 | 38 | +1 | | 31 |
| 8 | Lacul Ursu Sovata | 32 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 32 | 32 | 0 | | 31 |
| 9 | Voința Miercurea Nirajului | 32 | 11 | 8 | 13 | 33 | 39 | 6 | | 30 |
| 10 | Faianța Sighișoara | 32 | 12 | 5 | 15 | 37 | 45 | 8 | | 29 |
| 11 | Voința Sărmașu | 32 | 12 | 4 | 16 | 41 | 55 | 14 | | 28 |
| 12 | Transportul Târgu Mureș | 32 | 9 | 9 | 14 | 34 | 54 | 20 | | 27 |
| 13 | Unirea Ungheni | 32 | 10 | 7 | 15 | 32 | 72 | 40 | | 27 |
| 14 | Energia Iernut | 32 | 9 | 7 | 16 | 37 | 57 | 20 | | 25 |
| 15 | Voința Sângeorgiu de Pădure | 32 | 8 | 9 | 15 | 27 | 55 | 28 | | 25 |
| 16 | Recolta Vidrasău | 32 | 9 | 5 | 18 | 40 | 60 | 20 | | 23 |
| 17 | Gaz Metan Daneș | 32 | 6 | 10 | 16 | 34 | 70 | 36 | | 22 |

Source:
Rules for classification: 1) Points; 2) Goal difference; 3) Number of goals scored.
(C) Champions; (Q) Qualified for the phase indicated

### Prahova County

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Victoria Florești (C, Q) | 34 | 22 | 8 | 4 | 78 | 19 | +59 | 52 | Qualification to promotion play-off |
| 2 | Chimistul Valea Călugărească | 34 | 20 | 8 | 6 | 74 | 27 | +47 | 48 |  |
| 3 | Petrolistul Boldești | 34 | 21 | 6 | 7 | 52 | 27 | +25 | | 48 |
| 4 | Sportul Muncitoresc Câmpina | 34 | 19 | 7 | 8 | 61 | 23 | +38 | | 45 |
| 5 | Avântul Măneciu | 34 | 19 | 7 | 8 | 57 | 27 | +30 | | 45 |
| 6 | Metalul Filipeștii de Pădure | 34 | 16 | 4 | 14 | 65 | 45 | +20 | | 36 |
| 7 | Unirea Teleajen Ploiești | 34 | 15 | 5 | 14 | 49 | 40 | +9 | | 35 |
| 8 | IUC Ploiești | 34 | 16 | 3 | 15 | 49 | 52 | 3 | | 35 |
| 9 | Tricolorul Breaza | 34 | 14 | 6 | 14 | 56 | 54 | +2 | | 34 |
| 10 | Metalul Vălenii de Munte | 34 | 13 | 6 | 15 | 45 | 45 | 0 | | 32 |
| 11 | Feroemail Ploiești | 34 | 12 | 7 | 15 | 44 | 51 | 7 | | 31 |
| 12 | Neptun Câmpina | 34 | 11 | 6 | 17 | 41 | 71 | 30 | | 28 |
| 13 | Geamul Scăieni | 34 | 10 | 6 | 18 | 44 | 61 | 17 | | 26 |
| 14 | Voința Vărbilău | 34 | 10 | 6 | 18 | 36 | 66 | 30 | | 22 |
| 15 | Electrica Câmpina | 34 | 9 | 3 | 22 | 37 | 88 | 51 | | 21 |
| 16 | Petrolul PECO Ploiești | 34 | 6 | 8 | 20 | 32 | 60 | 28 | | 20 |
| 17 | OJT Bucegi Sinaia (R) | 34 | 6 | 2 | 26 | 28 | 92 | 64 | 14 | Relegation to Prahova County Championship II |
| 18 | ASA Mizil (D) | 17 | 10 | 2 | 5 | 26 | 16 | +10 | 22 | Withdrew |

Source:
Rules for classification: 1) Points; 2) Goal difference; 3) Number of goals scored.
(C) Champions; (D) Disqualified; (Q) Qualified for the phase indicated; (R) Relegated
Notes: 1. Voința Vărbilău deducted 4 points.
2. ASA Mizil merged at the end of the first part of the season with Divizia C side ICIM Ploiești and continued to play in the third level.

### Sălaj County

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Minerul Sărmășag (C, Q) | 26 | 19 | 4 | 3 | 84 | 19 | +65 | 42 | Qualification to promotion play-off |
| 2 | Recolta Agrij | 26 | 13 | 3 | 10 | 70 | 56 | +14 | 29 |  |
| 3 | Energia Sânmihaiu Almașului | 26 | 10 | 9 | 7 | 45 | 35 | +10 | | 29 |
| 4 | Voința Derșida | 26 | 12 | 5 | 9 | 44 | 41 | +3 | | 29 |
| 5 | Someșul Someș-Odorhei | 26 | 11 | 6 | 9 | 41 | 34 | +7 | | 28 |
| 6 | Chimia Zalău | 26 | 9 | 8 | 9 | 51 | 35 | +16 | | 26 |
| 7 | Progresul Bălan | 26 | 10 | 6 | 10 | 55 | 66 | 11 | | 26 |
| 8 | Minerul Surduc | 26 | 11 | 3 | 12 | 52 | 54 | 2 | | 25 |
| 9 | Avântul Lompirt | 26 | 11 | 3 | 12 | 39 | 52 | 13 | | 25 |
| 10 | Spartac Crasna | 29 | 9 | 6 | 14 | 51 | 55 | 4 | | 24 |
| 11 | Calmin Băbeni | 26 | 7 | 7 | 12 | 49 | 64 | 15 | | 21 |
| 12 | Minerul Letca | 26 | 9 | 3 | 14 | 44 | 62 | 18 | | 21 |
| 13 | Izolatorul Șimleu Silvaniei | 26 | 8 | 4 | 14 | 40 | 69 | 29 | | 20 |
| 14 | Olimpic Bocșa | 26 | 8 | 3 | 15 | 50 | 73 | 23 | | 19 |

Source:
Rules for classification: 1) Points; 2) Goal difference; 3) Number of goals scored.
(C) Champions; (Q) Qualified for the phase indicated

### Sibiu County

| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Inter Sibiu (C, Q) | 34 | 29 | 4 | 1 | 133 | 10 | +123 | 62 | Qualification to promotion play-off |
| 2 | Unirea Ocna Sibiului | 34 | 27 | 5 | 2 | 93 | 12 | +81 | 59 |  |
| 3 | CSU-TCI Sibiu | 34 | 24 | 6 | 4 | 92 | 31 | +61 | | 54 |
| 4 | Metalul IO Sibiu | 34 | 22 | 6 | 6 | 58 | 28 | +30 | | 50 |
| 5 | Construcții Sibiu | 34 | 20 | 6 | 8 | 68 | 34 | +34 | | 46 |
| 6 | Mecanica Sibiu | 34 | 17 | 8 | 9 | 57 | 43 | +14 | | 42 |
| 7 | Sparta Mediaș | 34 | 15 | 5 | 14 | 57 | 41 | +16 | | 35 |
| 8 | Metalul Copșa Mică | 34 | 14 | 7 | 13 | 61 | 45 | +16 | | 35 |
| 9 | Firul Roșu Tălmaciu | 34 | 14 | 3 | 17 | 51 | 52 | 1 | | 31 |
| 10 | Record Mediaș | 34 | 14 | 3 | 17 | 36 | 47 | 11 | | 31 |
| 11 | Progresul Dumbrăveni | 34 | 14 | 2 | 18 | 63 | 62 | +1 | | 30 |
| 12 | CFR Sibiu | 34 | 12 | 5 | 17 | 56 | 72 | 16 | | 29 |
| 13 | Carbosin Copșa Mică | 34 | 10 | 8 | 16 | 41 | 56 | 15 | | 28 |
| 14 | Textila Mediaș | 34 | 11 | 5 | 18 | 36 | 76 | 40 | | 27 |
| 15 | ITA Mediaș (R) | 34 | 8 | 6 | 20 | 31 | 81 | 50 | 22 | Relegation to Sibiu County Championship II |
| 16 | Păltiniș Rășinari (R) | 34 | 8 | 4 | 22 | 38 | 107 | 69 | | 20 |
| 17 | Spicul Șeica (R) | 34 | 3 | 1 | 30 | 14 | 99 | 85 | | 7 |
| 18 | Viitorul Nocrich (R) | 34 | 0 | 2 | 32 | 6 | 101 | 95 | | 2 |

Source:
Rules for classification: 1) Points; 2) Goal difference; 3) Number of goals scored.
(C) Champions; (Q) Qualified for the phase indicated; (R) Relegated
Notes: 1. Spicul Șeica and Viitorul Nocrich were expelled in the second part of the season and lost all remaining matches with 0–3.
1. "Barajul pentru promovarea în Divizia "C"" \[The dam for promotion to Divizia "C"\] (PDF). Sportul. 13 July 1982. p. 3. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 December 2022. Retrieved 4 December 2022  via bibliotecadeva.eu.(in Romanian)
2. "Campionatul județean I" \[County championship I\] (PDF). Flacăra Roșie. 1 June 1982. p. 2. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 December 2022. Retrieved 4 December 2022  via digital.bibliotecaarad.ro.(in Romanian)
3. "Remember, fotbalul dărăbănean, file de poveste" \[Remember, Darabani football, story pages\]. darabaneni.ro. Archived from the original on 16 May 2021. Retrieved 4 December 2022.(in Romanian)
4. "Campionatul județean de fotbal" \[County football championship\]. Cuvîntul Nou. 10 June 1982. p. 4. Archived from the original on 23 September 2023. Retrieved 23 September 2023  via adt.arcanum.com.(in Romanian)
5. "Campionatul județean" \[The county championship\]. Informația Harghitei. 7 June 1982. p. 3. Archived from the original on 11 June 2023. Retrieved 2 August 2023  via adt.arcanum.com.(in Romanian)
6. ""Gong" final în campionatul județean de fotbal" \[Final "gong" in the county football championship\] (PDF). Steagul Roșu. 22 June 1982. p. 3. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 December 2022. Retrieved 4 December 2022  via bibliotecadeva.eu.(in Romanian)
7. "Campionatul județean" \[County championship\]. Steaua Roșie. 1 June 1982. p. 2. Archived from the original on 11 June 2023. Retrieved 28 July 2023  via adt.arcanum.com.(in Romanian)
8. "S-a încheiat campionatul județean. Electromureș campioană" \[The county championship is over. Electromureș champion\]. Steaua Roșie. 8 June 1982. p. 2. Archived from the original on 11 June 2023. Retrieved 28 July 2023  via adt.arcanum.com.(in Romanian)
9. "...din istoria fotbalului prahovean – Campionatul de fotbal al județului Prahova: Ediția 1981/1982" \[...from the history of Prahova football – Prahova County Football Championship: 1981/1982 Edition\]. ziarulprahova.ro. Archived from the original on 4 December 2023. Retrieved 4 December 2023.(in Romanian)
10. "Minerul Sărmășag a promovat în divizia C" \[Minerul Sărmasag promoted in divizia C\]. Năzuința. 10 July 1982. p. 8. Retrieved 12 October 2023  via adt.arcanum.com.(in Romanian)
11. "Liderul - victorie şi in ultima etapă" \[The leader - victory in the last stage as well\]. Tribuna Sibiului. 17 June 1982. p. 2. Archived from the original on 10 June 2023. Retrieved 23 July 2023  via adt.arcanum.com.(in Romanian)

## InfoBox

Liga IV
| Season | 1981–82 |
| --- | --- |
| 1980–81 1982–83 | |


title: Thomas Cup

abstract: The Thomas Cup, sometimes referred as World Men's Team Championships, is an international badminton competition among teams representing member nations of the Badminton World Federation (BWF), the sport's global governing body. The championships have been conducted every two years since the 1982, amended from being conducted every three years since the first tournament held in 1948–1949. The final phase of the tournament involves 12 teams competing at venues within the host nation and is played concurrently with the final phase of the world women's team championships, the Uber Cup. Since 1984, the two Cups have been held jointly at the various stages of play. Thomas Cup and, to a lesser extent, Uber Cup are some of the world's "biggest" and most prestigious regularly held badminton events in terms of player and fan interest. Of the 30 Thomas Cup tournaments held since 1948–1949, only six countries have won the title. Indonesia is the most successful team, having won 14 times. China, which did not begin to compete before 1982, trails Indonesia with 11 titles, while Malaysia has won 5 titles. Japan became the fourth country to win the Thomas Cup after beating Malaysia 3–2 in the 2014 final. Denmark became the first European and the fifth nation to win the Thomas Cup after beating Indonesia 3–2 in the 2016 final. This marked the first and only time a non-Asian team won the championship. India is the sixth nation overall to win the Thomas Cup, after beating title holders Indonesia 3–0 in the 2022 edition. China is the current champion in the 2024 edition.

text:
# Thomas Cup

The **Thomas Cup**, sometimes referred as **World Men's Team Championships**, is an international badminton competition among teams representing member nations of the Badminton World Federation (BWF), the sport's global governing body. The championships have been conducted every two years since the 1982, amended from being conducted every three years since the first tournament held in 1948–1949.

The final phase of the tournament involves 12 teams competing at venues within the host nation and is played concurrently with the final phase of the world women's team championships, the Uber Cup (first held in 1956–1957). Since 1984, the two Cups have been held jointly at the various stages of play. Thomas Cup and, to a lesser extent, Uber Cup are some of the world's "biggest" and most prestigious regularly held badminton events in terms of player and fan interest.

Of the 30 Thomas Cup tournaments held since 1948–1949, only six countries have won the title. Indonesia is the most successful team, having won 14 times. China, which did not begin to compete before 1982, trails Indonesia with 11 titles, while Malaysia has won 5 titles.

Japan became the fourth country to win the Thomas Cup after beating Malaysia 3–2 in the 2014 final. Denmark became the first European and the fifth nation to win the Thomas Cup after beating Indonesia 3–2 in the 2016 final. This marked the first and only time a non-Asian team won the championship. India is the sixth nation overall to win the Thomas Cup, after beating title holders Indonesia 3–0 in the 2022 edition. China is the current champion in the 2024 edition.

## History

### First Thomas Cup

The Thomas Cup competition was the idea of Sir George Alan Thomas, a highly successful English badminton player of the early 1900s, who was inspired by tennis's Davis Cup, and football's (soccer's) World Cup first held in 1930. His idea was well received at the general meeting of the International Badminton Federation (now Badminton World Federation) in 1939.

In the same year, Sir George presented the Thomas Cup, officially known as *The International Badminton Championship Challenge Cup*, produced by *Atkin Bros of London* at the cost of US$40,000. The Cup stands 28 inches high and 16 inches across at its widest and consists of three parts: a plinth (pedestal), a bowl, and a lid with a player figure.

The first tournament was originally planned for 1941–1942 (badminton seasons in the northern hemisphere traditionally ran from the autumn of one calendar year to the spring of the next) but was delayed due to World War II. Sir George's dream was realized in 1948–1949 when ten national teams participated in the first Thomas Cup competition. Three qualifying zones were established: Pan America, Europe, and the Pacific, though Malaya (now Malaysia) was the only Pacific zone participant. In a format that would last until 1984, all **ties** (matches between countries) would consist of nine individual matches, with the victorious team needing to win at least five of these contests. The top two singles players for each side faced *both* of the top two players for the opposite side, accounting for four matches. A fifth singles match took place between the third-ranked singles players for each team. Finally, two doubles pairings for each side played *both* of the doubles pairings for the opposite side, accounting for four more matches. Each tie was normally contested over two days, four matches on the first day and five on the next. The United States and Denmark won their respective zone qualifications and thus joined Malaya for the inter-zone ties.

The *inter-zone ties* were held in the United Kingdom. As the tournament used a knockout (single elimination) system, rather than a round-robin system, one country, Denmark, was given a bye in the first round. Malaya defeated the United States 6–3 in a highly competitive match played in Glasgow, Scotland (curiously, none of the players on either side had previously seen any of the players on the other side play). Of note, this tie marked the first of only three ever matches between the American Dave Freeman and Malayan Wong Peng Soon, the two greatest singles players of the early post-war period. In the final round held in Preston, England, Malaya beat Denmark 8–1 and became the first country to win a Thomas Cup.

### Development

During the next several Thomas Cup competitions, the number of participating countries grew and a fourth qualifying zone was added. The former Pacific zone was converted into Asian and Australasian zones for the 1954–1955 tournament. Beginning with the second tournament in 1951–1952, zone winners contested to determine a *challenger* for the reigning champion. Until 1964, the Cup-holding nation always hosted these inter-zone ties but was exempt from them, and from the earlier intra-zone matches, needing only to defend its title, at home, in a single, conclusive **challenge round** tie.

With veterans such as Wong Peng Soon, Ooi Teik Hock, and Ong Poh Lim leading the way, Malaya comfortably retained the Cup in Singapore against the United States (7–2) in 1952 and Denmark (8–1) in 1955. Malaya's reign, however, was ended in 1958 (3 matches to 6) by an upstart Indonesia led by Ferry Sonneville and Tan Joe Hok. Indonesia successfully defended its title in 1961 against a young team from Thailand which surprised Denmark in the inter-zone final.

Amid some complaints of home-court advantage (and "home climate" advantage as far as the Europeans were concerned), a rules change effective in 1964 prevented the reigning champion from defending the Cup at home twice in succession. The challenge round played in Tokyo, Japan that year was nonetheless controversial because the Danish challengers were barracked and severely harassed during play by young Indonesian fans. A narrow 5–4 Indonesian victory was upheld by the IBF (BWF) over Denmark's protests. When the challenge round returned to Jakarta in 1967, a resurgent Malaysia led Indonesia 4–3 (despite the spectacular debut of Indonesia's young Rudy Hartono) when crowd interference during the eighth match prompted tournament referee Herbert Scheele to halt the play. When Indonesia rejected an IBF (BWF) decision to resume the contest in New Zealand, Malaysia was awarded the outstanding matches (6–3), and with them, the Thomas Cup.

After 1967, the IBF (BWF) further reduced the advantages accorded to the reigning champion by *eliminating the old challenge round system*. Instead, the defending champion would receive a bye only to an inter-zone semifinal berth and have to earn its way into the decisive final match. This change, however, proved to be a little obstacle for a rampant Indonesia. With a cadre of talented players, including Hartono and doubles wizards such as Tjun Tjun and Christian Hadinata, Indonesia dominated the Thomas Cup competition throughout the 1970s. Its successful effort to regain the cup in 1969–1970 was a struggle, but in the competitions ending in 1973, 1976, and 1979, Indonesia swept its ties by winning a remarkable 51 of 54 individual matches.

In 1982, however, China burst onto the scene as a new member of the IBF (BWF). Having long before developed players as good as, or better than, any in the world (especially in singles), China defeated Indonesia in a classic 5–4 final in London. It began an era that continues to the present, which has generally seen either China or Indonesia capture or retain the Cup. The pattern has been broken four times by Malaysia in 1992, Japan in 2014, Denmark in 2016 and India in 2022.

## Revised format

In the early 1980s the IBF (BWF) revamped the formats of both Thomas Cup and the women's world team championship, the Uber Cup. Starting in 1984, they were held concurrently, every two years not three, with equivalent phases of the two competitions held at the same venues and times. Ties at all stages of the Thomas Cup were trimmed from nine matches to five, played in one day not two. Lineups continued to consist of three singles players and two doubles teams, but each now played a single match against the opposing team's counterpart.

### Qualification

The old knockout (single elimination) zone qualification system in which each tie was played at a separate venue and time was eliminated. Instead, common qualifying venues brought many teams together to contend in group round-robin ties followed by playoffs between group leaders. As few as one or as many as three teams from a given venue (depending on the previously assessed strength of its field) would qualify for the *final phase of the competition* which until 2004 was limited to eight teams. The number of qualifying venues prior to 2004 varied between two and four and their sites basically reflected the long existent loci of badminton strength in the Far East and (to a lesser extent) in Europe (see chart below).

The European qualifying venue usually hosted the highest number of teams and to streamline play and create more competitive ties. A two-tiered system was eventually instituted there. Weaker badminton countries played-off in groups for the right to contest with the stronger ones. To have an easier road to the inter-zone competition, strong Asian teams sometimes competed outside of their "natural" qualification venue. Rising power South Korea, for example, won qualifications held in North America in 1986 and in 1988.

In 2014, the qualification format was changed to include a total of 16 teams in the Thomas & Uber Cup Finals. The normal, earlier used Thomas & Uber Cup Qualification was discontinued for a year, with the BWF arguing that basically the Thomas & Uber Cup Finals had too many matches that were not competitive due to teams qualifying through a continental quota system. Teams were invited to the 2014 Thomas & Uber Cup Finals from their World Ranking position. A continental quota was introduced, so a minimum of one team (either Thomas Cup or Uber Cup team) from each continent would qualify. Furthermore, a minimum of three teams from Asia and Europe would qualify in both Thomas Cup and Uber Cup. The total number of teams from 2014 on would be 16 in both Thomas and Uber Cup Finals.

From 2016 onwards, however, teams qualified once again based on their performances in the Continental Team Championships. All five continental winners, besides semi-finalists from Asia and Europe, and the hosts and defending champions, automatically qualify. The rest of the 16 places will be taken by teams according to their BWF world team ranking (cumulative world ranking of their top three singles and top two doubles pairs). If the trophy holder and/or Host Member Association also take part and occupy a qualifying position in its respective continental qualifying tournament, the next one or two highest ranked teams (excluding already automatically qualified teams) from the BWF World Team rankings in the same continent would also qualify.

Below shows the qualification slots in tournament history:

| Year | Total | Zone | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1949 | 3 | European
1 | Pacific
1 | Pan American
1 |  | | | |
| 1952 | 4 | Champions & host
1 | European
1 | Pacific
1 | Pan American
1 |  | | |
| 1955–1973,
1979 | 5 | Champions & host
1 | Asian
1 | Australasian
1 | European
1 | Pan American
1 |  | |
| 1976, 1982 | 6 | Champions & host
2 | Asian
1 | Australasian
1 | European
1 | Pan American
1 |  | |
| 1984 | 8 | Champions & host
2 | Qualifying
(held in Asia – New Delhi)
1 | Qualifying
(held in Asia – Hong Kong)
1 | Qualifying
(held in Europe)
3 | Qualifying
(held in Pan America)
1 |  | | |
| 1986 | 8 | Champions & host
2 | Qualifying
(held in Asia)
2 | Qualifying
(held in Europe)
3 | Qualifying
(held in Pan America)
1 |  | | |
| 1988 | 8 | Champions & host
2 | Qualifying
(held in Asia)
1 | Qualifying
(held in Europe)
3 | Qualifying
(held in Oceania)
1 | Qualifying
(held in Pan America)
1 |  | | |
| 1990–1994,
1998, 2000 | 8 | Champions & host
2 | Qualifying
(held in Europe)
3 | Qualifying
(held in Asia)
3 |  | | | |
| 1996 | 8 | Champions & host
2 | Qualifying
(held in Europe)
3 | Qualifying
(held in Oceania)
3 |  | | | |
| 2002 | 8 | Champions & host
2 | Qualifying
(held in Europe)
3 | Qualifying
(held in Oceania)
3 |  | | | |
| 2004, 2012 | 12 | Champions & host
1 | Asian
5 | European
3 | African
1 | Oceanian
1 | Pan American
1 |  |
| 2006–2010 | 12 | Champions & host
2 | Asian
4 | European
3 | African
1 | Oceanian
1 | Pan American
1 |  |
| 2014 | 16 | Champions & host
2 | From BWF World Team Rankings
14 |  | | | | |
| 2016–present | 16 | Champions & host
2 | Asian
4 | European
4 | African
1 | Oceanian
1 | Pan American
1 | From BWF World Team Rankings
3 |

### Final tournament

From 1984 through 2002, the final phase of Thomas Cup competition brought eight competing teams together. These included the defending champion and the host nation exempt from earlier qualification ties. The format of this final phase largely mirrored that of the qualifying venues. The eight teams were divided into pools or groups of four. Round-robin play within each group determined first and second place group finishers who then advanced to the semifinals. Each semifinal tie pitted the top finisher in one group against the second-place finisher in the other, with the winners proceeding to the championship match. A playoff for third place between losing semifinalists was instituted in 1984 but was dropped in 1990.

In 2004, the BWF increased the number of Thomas Cup qualifying venues to five, one for each of *five regional confederations (Africa, Asia, Europe, Oceania, and Pan America)* that it had established. It also increased the number of teams qualifying for the final phase of competition to twelve. While all confederations were guaranteed to send at least one qualifier to the final phase, strong regions such as Asia might send several (see chart above). At the finals, the 12 qualifying teams were divided into four groups of three teams with round-robin play within each group. Round-robin winners were then placed in separate quarter-final berths of a knockout (single elimination) tournament to await opponents determined by matches between the second-place finisher of one group and the third-place finisher of another. The draw was played out and the winner of this tournament within a tournament became the Thomas Cup champion. In 2007, BWF decided to have Thomas and Uber Cup finals separated again but the proposal was abandoned.

From 2014, 16 teams were presented in the tournament. Teams no longer qualify via the continental championships. Instead, teams will be invited based on their World Ranking position. The new structure also ensured a minimum of one team from each continent and three teams from Asia and Europe will qualify. However, BWF reverted to the old qualifying system for the 2016 tournament.

## Results

### 1949–1982

| Year | Host |  | Final | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | Champions | Score | Runners-up |
| 1949
*Details* | Preston, England | | **
Malaya** | **8–1** |
Denmark |
| 1952
*Details* | Singapore | | **
Malaya** | **7–2** |
United States |
| 1955
*Details* | Singapore | | **
Malaya** | **8–1** |
Denmark |
| 1958
*Details* | Singapore | | **
Indonesia** | **6–3** |
Malaya |
| 1961
*Details* | Jakarta, Indonesia | | **
Indonesia** | **6–3** |
Thailand |
| 1964
*Details* | Tokyo, Japan | | **
Indonesia** | **5–4** |
Denmark |
| 1967
*Details* | Jakarta, Indonesia | | **
Malaysia** | **6–3** |
Indonesia |
| 1970
*Details* | Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia | | **
Indonesia** | **7–2** |
Malaysia |
| 1973
*Details* | Jakarta, Indonesia | | **
Indonesia** | **8–1** |
Denmark |
| 1976
*Details* | Bangkok, Thailand | | **
Indonesia** | **9–0** |
Malaysia |
| 1979
*Details* | Jakarta, Indonesia | | **
Indonesia** | **9–0** |
Denmark |
| 1982
*Details* | London, England | | **
China** | **5–4** |
Indonesia |

### 1984–1988

| Year | Host |  | Final | | |  | Third place tie | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | Champions | Score | Runners-up | | Third place | Score | Fourth place |
| 1984
*Details* | Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia | | **
Indonesia** | **3–2** |
China | |
England | **3–2** |
South Korea |
| 1986
*Details* | Jakarta, Indonesia | | **
China** | **3–2** |
Indonesia | |
Malaysia | **3–2** |
Denmark |
| 1988
*Details* | Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia | | **
China** | **4–1** |
Malaysia | |
Indonesia | **5–0** |
Denmark |

### 1990–present

| Year | Host |  | Final | | |  | Semi-finalists | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | Champions | Score | Runners-up | | |
| 1990
*Details* | Tokyo, Japan | | **
China** | **4–1** |
Malaysia | |
Denmark |
Indonesia |
| 1992
*Details* | Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia | | **
Malaysia** | **3–2** |
Indonesia | |
China |
South Korea |
| 1994
*Details* | Jakarta, Indonesia | | **
Indonesia** | **3–0** |
Malaysia | |
South Korea |
China |
| 1996
*Details* | Hong Kong | | **
Indonesia** | **5–0** |
Denmark | |
China |
South Korea |
| 1998
*Details* | Hong Kong SAR, China | | **
Indonesia** | **3–2** |
Malaysia | |
Denmark |
China |
| 2000
*Details* | Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia | | **
Indonesia** | **3–0** |
China | |
South Korea |
Denmark |
| 2002
*Details* | Guangzhou, China | | **
Indonesia** | **3–2** |
Malaysia | |
Denmark |
China |
| 2004
*Details* | Jakarta, Indonesia | | **
China** | **3–1** |
Denmark | |
Indonesia |
South Korea |
| 2006
*Details* | Sendai and Tokyo, Japan | | **
China** | **3–0** |
Denmark | |
Indonesia |
Malaysia |
| 2008
*Details* | Jakarta, Indonesia | | **
China** | **3–1** |
South Korea | |
Malaysia |
Indonesia |
| 2010
*Details* | Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia | | **
China** | **3–0** |
Indonesia | |
Malaysia |
Japan |
| 2012
*Details* | Wuhan, China | | **
China** | **3–0** |
South Korea | |
Japan |
Denmark |
| 2014
*Details* | New Delhi, India | | **
Japan** | **3–2** |
Malaysia | |
Indonesia |
China |
| 2016
*Details* | Kunshan, China | | **
Denmark** | **3–2** |
Indonesia | |
South Korea |
Malaysia |
| 2018
*Details* | Bangkok, Thailand | | **
China** | **3–1** |
Japan | |
Indonesia |
Denmark |
| 2020
*Details* | Aarhus, Denmark | | **
Indonesia** | **3–0** |
China | |
Denmark |
Japan |
| 2022
*Details* | Bangkok, Thailand | | **
India** | **3–0** |
Indonesia | |
Denmark |
Japan |
| 2024
*Details* | Chengdu, China | | **
China** | **3–1** |
Indonesia | |
Malaysia |
Chinese Taipei |
| 2026
*Details* | Horsens, Denmark | |  |  |  | |  |  |

## Successful national teams

Only six countries, Malaysia (formerly Malaya), Indonesia, China, Japan, Denmark, and India have ever won the Thomas Cup. The first three each won the first competition that it entered: Malaya, the initial contest in 1949; Indonesia, the 1958 contest against Malaya; and China, the 1982 contest over Indonesia.

Indonesia leads in total titles with 14, with the most recent one in 2020 following a nearly two-decade drought. They won four consecutive titles from 1970 to 1979 and five consecutive titles from 1994 to 2002. Indonesia's ten-year reign as champion was ended by the resurgence of China in 2004 when they won the title in Jakarta. Indonesia has played in the decisive final tie (team match) on 22 occasions. For the first time since their first entrance in 1958, Indonesia failed to reach the top four in 2012.

China has captured the Cup on 11 occasions, including five consecutively from 2004 to 2012. Since 1982, when they first entered the competition, China has won the most titles and has consistently placed among the top four teams, except in 2016 and 2022 when they lost in the quarter-finals.

Malaysia has won five times, the last being in 1992. They have played in the final tie on 14 occasions. It has been runners-up the most times, losing nine finals.

In 2014, Japan became the fourth country to have captured the Cup, doing so in its first appearance in the championship round. Japan had finished in the top four on four previous occasions: 1967, 1979, 2010, and 2012; and in 1970, they had given the eventual champion Indonesia its toughest battle, going down 45 in the final of the Asian qualifier.

Despite its small population, Denmark has traditionally been Europe's most potent power in men's badminton and the only non-Asian team to have won the Thomas Cup. Being the only European country to have played in the final tie, it had previously finished second eight times, spanning from the first competition in 1949 through the 2006 tournament.

India nearly reached the final twice in the 1950s(1952,1955). Despite some fine individual players, it has lacked the depth, particularly in doubles, to seriously contend for the cup. They finally managed to win the title in 2022.

The United States, a power in the early days of international badminton (especially in women's competition), finished second to Malaya in 1952 but thereafter steadily fell behind the leading badminton countries.

Among the other contenders, South Korea has the best record. Rising to prominence in the 1980s and especially strong in doubles, it had reached the "final four" seven times before finishing second in 2008 and 2012. In Europe, England and Sweden have often joined Denmark in advancing to the final phase of Thomas Cup competition since 1984. England, traditionally more successful in women's play than in men's, had its best showing in 1984 with a third-place finish. Sweden, whose greatest badminton success spanned from the late 1960s to the mid-1980s, has yet to advance to the semi-finals of Thomas Cup.

Below is the list of nine nations that have finished in the top two in the Thomas Cup. **Bold text** denotes team was host country.

| Team | Champions | Runners-up | Semi-finalists | Third place | Fourth place | Top 4
total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Indonesia | 14 (1958, **1961**, 1964, 1970, **1973**, 1976, **1979**, 1984, **1994**, 1996, 1998, 2000, 2002, 2020) | 8 (**1967**, 1982, **1986**, 1992, 2010, 2016, 2022, 2024) | 6 (1990, **2004**, 2006, **2008**, 2014, 2018) | 1 (1988) |  | 29 |
| China | 11 (1982, 1986, 1988, 1990, 2004, 2006, 2008, 2010, **2012**, 2018, **2024**) | 3 (1984, 2000, 2020) | 6 (1992, 1994, 1996, 1998, **2002**, 2014) |  |  | 20 |
| Malaysia | 5 (1949, 1952, 1955, 1967, **1992**) | 9 (1958, **1970**, 1976, **1988**, 1990, 1994, 1998, 2002, 2014) | 5 (2006, 2008, **2010**, 2016, 2024) | 1 (1986) |  | 20 |
| Denmark | 1 (2016) | 8 (1949, 1955, 1964, 1973, 1979, 1996, 2004, 2006) | 7 (1990, 1998, 2002, 2012, 2018, **2020**, 2022) |  | 2 (1986, 1988) | 18 |
| Japan | 1 (2014) | 1 (2018) | 4 (2010, 2012, 2020, 2022) |  |  | 6 |
| India | 1 (2022) |  |  |  |  | 1 |
| South Korea |  | 2 (2008, 2012) | 6 (1992, 1994, 1996, 2000, 2004, 2016) |  | 1 (1984) | 9 |
| United States |  | 1 (1952) |  |  |  | 1 |
| Thailand |  | 1 (1961) |  |  |  | 1 |
| England |  |  |  | 1 (1984) |  | 1 |
| Chinese Taipei |  |  | 1 (2024) |  |  | 1 |

## Team appearances at the final stages

As of the 2022 championship, 29 teams have advanced to the final tournaments over the competition's history. Among them, Denmark has reached this final stage in all 32 competitions (and without ever receiving a bye to it). Indonesia and China have also advanced to the final stage in each competition that they have entered. Geographically, 10 Asian nations have qualified to play at the final venue. Nine European nations have done so. The United States, Canada, Peru and Mexico are the only Pan-American teams to have reached this stage, and New Zealand, Australia and Tahiti have been the only teams to represent Oceania. South Africa, Nigeria, and Algeria have qualified from the African zone. The 2020 Thomas Cup saw Tahiti debuted in the championship.

Below is the list of teams that have appeared in the final stage of Thomas Cup as of the 2024 tournament.

| Teams | Region | Appearances | Debut | Best Result |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Denmark | Europe | 33 | 1949 | **Champions** |
| Malaysia | Asia | 32 | 1949 | **Champions** |
| Indonesia | Asia | 31 | 1958 | **Champions** |
| China | Asia | 22 | 1982 | **Champions** |
| South Korea | Asia | 21 | 1984 | Runners-up |
| Japan | Asia | 17 | 1989 | **Champions** |
| England | Europe | 16 | 1982 | Semi-finals |
| Thailand | Asia | 16 | 1958 | Runners-up |
| India | Asia | 14 | 1952 | **Champions** |
| Germany | Europe | 12 | 2002 | Quarter-finals |
| Sweden | Europe | 10 | 1984 | Group stage |
| United States | Americas | 10 | 1949 | Runners-up |
| Canada | Americas | 9 | 1970 | Semi-finals |
| New Zealand | Oceania | 7 | 1970 | Group stage |
| Chinese Taipei | Asia | 6 | 2014 | Semi-finals |
| Hong Kong | Asia | 6 | 1996 | Quarter-finals |
| Australia | Oceania | 5 | 1955 | Group stage |
| France | Europe | 5 | 2014 | Quarter-finals |
| Algeria | Africa | 4 | 2018 | Group stage |
| South Africa | Africa | 4 | 2004 | Group stage |
| Nigeria | Africa | 3 | 2008 | Group stage |
| Russia | Europe | 3 | 2012 | Quarter-finals |
| Singapore | Asia | 3 | 1986 | Group stage |
| Netherlands | Europe | 2 | 1998 | Group stage |
| Czech Republic | Europe | 1 | 2024 | Group stage |
| Finland | Europe | 1 | 1994 | Group stage |
| Mexico | Americas | 1 | 2016 | Group stage |
| Peru | Americas | 1 | 2010 | Group stage |
| Poland | Europe | 1 | 2010 | Group stage |
| Tahiti | Oceania | 1 | 2020 | Group stage |

1. Including results representing Malaya .

## References and footnotes

1. Alleyne, Gayle (28 May 2014). "Next Thomas-Uber Stop – Kunshan, China!". *Badminton World Federation*. Bwfbadminton.org. Archived from the original on 1 July 2014. Retrieved 26 June 2014.
2. "The Thomas Cup". Archived from the original on 2007-03-20. Retrieved 2007-04-13.
3. "Mengenal Sejarah Piala Thomas" (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 2007-12-22. Retrieved 2007-04-13.
4. "Der Thomas Cup". Archived from the original on 2007-05-03. Retrieved 2007-04-13.
5. "THOMAS CUP – FIRST CONTEST". Retrieved 2007-04-13.
6. Davis, Pat (October 1983). *Guinness Book of Badminton*. Guinness World Records Limited. pp. 120–122. ISBN 978-0-85112-271-7.
7. Davis, Pat (October 1983). *Guinness Book of Badminton*. Guinness World Records Limited. pp. 122–124. ISBN 978-0-85112-271-7.
8. Davis, Pat (October 1983). *Guinness Book of Badminton*. Guinness World Records Limited. pp. 119, 124–128. ISBN 978-0-85112-271-7.
9. "Thomas & Uber Cup Qualification discontinued". Archived from the original on 2014-05-25. Retrieved 2014-05-25.
10. "Part III - Section 2 - Regulations for the Thomas and Uber Cups". *Thomas and Uber Cups* (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 August 2020. Retrieved 7 June 2022.
11. "Thomas and Uber Cups to Stay Together". *badminton-information*. Archived from the original on 24 February 2019. Retrieved 24 February 2019.
12. "Thomas & Uber Cup Qualification discontinued". *Badminton Europe*. 24 June 2012. Archived from the original on 25 May 2014. Retrieved 25 May 2014.
13. Alleyne, Gayle; Sukumar, Dev (6 June 2014). "Bonus for Superseries 'Top 10'". *Badminton World Federation*. Bwfbadminton.org. Archived from the original on 1 July 2014. Retrieved 26 June 2014.
14. From 1948 to 1982, Thomas Cup actually played each edition for two years, the years shown here is only for final tournament.
15. "Japan lifts Thomas Cup in debut final, stunning Malaysia 3-2". *Malaysian Insider*. 25 May 2014. Archived from the original on 27 May 2014. Retrieved 25 May 2014.

## InfoBox

Thomas Cup
| **Current season, competition or edition:**
*2024 Thomas & Uber Cup* | |
| --- | --- |
| Sport | Badminton |
| Founded | 1949 (1949) |
| Founder | George Alan Thomas |
| No. of teams | 16 |
| Countries | BWF member nations |
| Most recent
champion(s) | China (11th title) |
| Most titles | Indonesia (14 titles) |
| Official website | Official website |


title: Loyset Compère

abstract: Loyset Compère was a Franco-Flemish composer of the Renaissance. Of the same generation as Josquin des Prez, he was one of the most significant composers of motets and chansons of that era, and one of the first musicians to bring the light Italianate Renaissance style to France.

text:
# Loyset Compère

**Loyset Compère** (c.1445 – 16 August 1518) was a Franco-Flemish composer of the Renaissance. Of the same generation as Josquin des Prez, he was one of the most significant composers of motets and chansons of that era, and one of the first musicians to bring the light Italianate Renaissance style to France.

## Life

His exact place of birth is not known, but documents of the time assign him to a family from the province of Artois (in modern France), and suggest he may have been born in Hainaut (in modern Belgium). At least one source from Milan indicates he described himself as coming from Arras, also in Artois. Both the date and probable place of birth are extremely close to those of Josquin des Prez; indeed the area around the current French-Belgian border produced an astonishing number of excellent composers in the 15th and 16th centuries, composers whose fame spread throughout Europe. Often these composers are known as the Franco-Flemish or Netherlandish School).

In the 1470s Compère worked as a singer in Milan at the chapel of Duke Galeazzo Maria Sforza, during the time that composers such as Johannes Martini and Gaspar van Weerbeke were also singing there. The chapel choir in the early 1470s grew into one of the largest and most famous singing ensembles in Europe. After the murder of the duke in 1476, Compère appears to have been "laid off" from the chapel, and he may have returned to France at this time. Sometime during the next ten years he began to work at the French court, and he accompanied Charles VIII on his invasion of Italy in 1494 (in what capacity is not known). He was in Rome in early 1495 during the occupation of the city by Charles and his army.

Next he had a series of church positions. By 1498 Compère was at Cambrai, and from 1500 to around 1504 he was at Douai; his final appointment was at the collegiate church of Saint-Quentin. Throughout this time he seems to have been in part-time service to the French court, as evidenced by his many compositions for official and ceremonial occasions. He died at Saint-Quentin.

## Works

Unlike his contemporaries, Compère seems to have written few masses (at least very few survive). By temperament he seems to have been a miniaturist, and his most popular and numerous works were in the shorter forms of the day—primarily chansons and motets. Two stylistic trends are evident in his music: the style of the Burgundian School, which he seems to have learned in his early career before coming to Italy, and the lighter style of the Italian composers current at the time, who were writing frottolas (the light and popular predecessor to the madrigal). Compère had a gift for melody, and many of his chansons became popular; later composers used several as cantus firmi for masses. Occasionally he seems to have given himself a formidable technical challenge and set out to solve it, such as writing quodlibets (an example is *Au travail suis*, which combines no less than six different tunes written to the same text by different composers).

Compère wrote several works in a unique form, sometimes called a free motet, which combines some of the light elegance of the Italian popular song of the time with the contrapuntal technique of the Netherlanders. Some mix texts from different sources, for instance a rather paradoxical *Sile fragor* which combines a supplication to the Virgin Mary with a drinking song dedicated to Bacchus. His choice of secular texts tended towards the irreverent and suggestive.

His chansons are his most characteristic compositions, and many scholars of Renaissance music consider them to be his best work. They are for three or four voices, and are in three general categories: Italianate, light works for four a cappella voices, very much like frottolas, with text set syllabically and often homophonically, and having frequent cadences; three-voice works in the Burgundian style, rather like the music of Dufay; and three-voice motet-chansons, which resemble the medieval motet more than anything else. In these works the lowest voice usually sings a slow-moving cantus firmus with a Latin text, usually from chant, while the upper voices sing more animated parts, in French, on a secular text.

Many of Compère's compositions were printed by Ottaviano Petrucci in Venice, and disseminated widely; obviously their availability contributed to their popularity. Compère was one of the first composers to benefit from the new technology of printing, which had a profound impact on the spread of the Franco-Flemish musical style throughout Europe.

Compère also wrote several settings of the Magnificat (the hymn of praise to the Virgin Mary, from the first chapter of the Gospel of Luke), as well as numerous short motets.

## Works list

### Masses and mass fragments

1. Missa alles regretz;
2. Missa de tous bien plaine; based on the chanson by Hayne van Ghizeghem. The partial manuscript was lost in Berlin during WWII and rediscovered in the early 1990s in Kraków. This allowed identification of sources of the complete mass in medieval copies found in choirbooks in Cividale and Dresden.
3. Missa l'homme armé;
4. Kyrie et Gloria sine nomine;
5. Credo 'Mon pére';
6. Credo sine nomine.

### Motet cycles (substitution masses)

These are cycles of motets, in which each motet is to be sung in place of a section of the mass ordinary or one of the Proper chants. In the list, the motet is given along with the name of the Proper chant or mass ordinary section:

1. *Ave Domine Jesu Christe* (Missa de D.N.J.C). Ave Domine Jesu Christe (Introit); Ave Domine Jesu Christe (Gloria); Ave Domine Jesu Christe, (Credo); Ave Domine Jesu Christe (Offertory); Salve, salvator mundi (Sanctus); Adoramus te, Christe (Elevation); Parce, Domine (Agnus dei); Da pacem, Domine (Deo Gratias).

2. *Hodie nobis de virgine*(Missa in Nativitate Deus Noster Jesu Christe). Hodie nobis de Virgine (Introit); Beata Dei Genitrix Maria (Gloria); Hodie nobis Christus natus est (Credo); Genuit puerpera Regem (Offertory); Verbum caro factum est (Sanctus); Memento, salutis auctor (Elevation); Quem vidistis, pastores (Agnus dei); O admirabile commercium (Deo Gratias).

3. *Missa Galeazescha* (Missa de Beata Maria Virgine); Ave virgo gloriosa (Introit); Ave, salus infirmorum (Gloria); Ave, decus Virginale (Credo); Ave, sponsa verbi summi (Offertorii); O Maria (Sanctus); Adoramus te, Christe (Elevation); Salve, mater salvatoris (Agnus dei); Virginis Mariae laudes (Deo Gratias).

### Magnificats

1. Magnificat I toni;
2. Magnificat IV toni (*Esurientes* only);
3. Magnificat VI toni (I);
4. Magnificat VI toni (II);
5. Magnificat VII toni;
6. Magnificat VIII toni (*Esurientes* only).

### Motets

1. Ad honorum tuum Christe;
2. Asperges me Domine;
3. Ave Maria, gratia plena;
4. Crux triumphans;
5. Gaude prole regia / Sancta Catharina (1501);
6. O admirabile commercium;
7. Officium de cruce (In nomine Jesu);
8. O genitrix gloriosa;
9. Omnium bonorum plena (before 1474, possibly for the dedication of Cambrai Cathedral on 5 July 1472);
10. Paranymphus salutat virginem;
11. Profitentes unitatem;
12. Propter gravamen;
13. Quis numerare queat / Da pacem (probably composed either on the occasion of the Peace of Etaples, 3 November 1492, or for the treaty between Pope Alexander VI and Charles VIII on 15 January 1495)
14. Sile fragor;
15. Sola caret monstris / Fera pessima (1507);
16. Virgo caelesti.

### Motets-Chansons

1. Le corps / Corpusque meum;
2. Male bouche / Circumdederunt me;
3. Plaine d'ennuy / Anima mea;
4. Tant ay d'ennuy / O vos omnes (=O devotz cueurs /O vos omnes).

### Chansons à trois voix

1. A qui diraige ma pensée;
2. Au travail suis;
3. Beaulté d' amours;
4. Bergeronette savoysienne;
5. Chanter ne puis;
6. Des trois la plus;
7. Dictes moy toutes;
8. Discant adieu a madame (I);
9. En attendant;
10. Faisons boutons (Text: Jean II);
11. Guerisses moy;
12. La saison en est;
13. Le grant dèsir d'aymer;
14. Le renvoy;
15. Mes pensées;
16. Ne doibt on prendre (poem by John II, Duke of Bourbon (contrafactum on the piece by Costanzo Festa on the poem *Venite amanti* by Poliziano));
17. Ne vous hastez pas (=Adieu a madame (II).);
18. Pensant au bien;
19. Pleut or a Dieu;
20. Pour estre ou nombre;
21. Puis que si bien;
22. Reveille toy franc cueur;
23. Se j'ay parlé (texte: Henry Baude);
24. Se mieulx ne vient (adaptation d'une chanson de P. Convert);
25. Se pis ne vient;
26. Seray je vostre mieulx amée (not present in the complete works of Compère in Fallow's edition)
27. Sourdes regrets;
28. Tant ha bon oeul;
29. Tout mal me vient;
30. Va-t-en regret (poem by John II, Duke of Bourbon);
31. Venes regrets;
32. Vive le noble roy de France;
33. Vous me faittes morir d'envie (poem by John II, Duke of Bourbon).

### Chansons

1. *Alons fere nos barbes* (possibly apocryphal);
2. *De les mon getes* = Voles oir une chanson);
3. *Et dont revenes-vous*;
4. *Gentil patron*;
5. *J'ay un syon sur la porte*;
6. *Je suis amie d'un fourrier*;
7. *L'aultre jour me chevauchoye*;
8. *Mon pére m'a donné mari*;
9. *Nous sommes de l'ordre de St Babouin*;
10. *Royne du ciel*;
11. *Une plaisante fillette*;
12. *Un franc archier*;
13. *Vostre bargeronette*.

### Frottole

1. *Che fa la ramacina*;
2. *Scaramella fa la galla*.

### Attributed or doubtful works

1. *Ave regina, cælorum* (anonymous, but attributed to Compère);
2. *Cayphas* (attributed to both Johannes Martini and Compère);
3. *Lourdault lourdault garde que tu feras* (attributed to both Compère and Ninot le Petit; scholarly consensus currently favoring Compère);
4. *Mais que ce fust* (attributed to both Compère and Pietrequin Bonnel);
5. *O post partum munda* (anonymous, attributed to Compère);
6. *Sanctus - O sapientia* (doubtful due to stylistic reasons);
7. *Se non dormi dona* (anonymous, attributed to Compère);
8. *Se (Si) vous voulez que je vous face* (anonymous but in Compère's style);
9. *Vray dieu quel payne* (multiple attributions, including Gaspar van Weerbeke, Jean Japart, and Matthaeus Pipelare).

## Recording

* 1993 - The Orlando Consort, "Loyset Compère", Metronome.
* 1997 - Virelai. "Renaissance Love Songs". BBC Music Magazine, Volume 5 No. 6, February 1997 (free audio CD). Contains a recording of *Le grant desir* performed by Virelai and Catherine Bott.
* 2002 - Prioris: Requiem. Eufoda 1349. Contains a recording of *O vos omnes*.
* 2017 - Odhecaton, "Missa Galeazescha. Music for the duke of Milan", Out There Music.


title: Pretoria Convention

abstract: The Pretoria Convention was the peace treaty that ended the First Boer War between the Transvaal Boers and Great Britain. The treaty was signed in Pretoria on 3 August 1881, but was subject to ratification by the Volksraad within 3 months from the date of signature. The Volksraad first raised objections to a number of the clauses of the treaty, but did eventually ratify the version signed in Pretoria, after Britain refused any further concessions or changes to the treaty. British preparation work for the Pretoria Convention of 1881 was done at Newcastle, KwaZulu-Natal. Under this agreement, the South African Republic regained self-government under nominal British suzerainty. This convention was superseded in 1884 by the London Convention.

text:
# Pretoria Convention

The **Pretoria Convention** was the peace treaty that ended the First Boer War (16 December 1880 to 23 March 1881) between the Transvaal Boers and Great Britain. The treaty was signed in Pretoria on 3 August 1881, but was subject to ratification by the Volksraad within 3 months from the date of signature. The Volksraad first raised objections to a number of the clauses of the treaty, but did eventually ratify the version signed in Pretoria, after Britain refused any further concessions or changes to the treaty.

British preparation work for the Pretoria Convention of 1881 was done at Newcastle, KwaZulu-Natal.

Under this agreement, the South African Republic regained self-government under nominal British suzerainty.

This convention was superseded in 1884 by the London Convention.

## Background

By the time of the Battle of Majuba, the governments of the South African Republic and Britain were in contact, President Brand of the Orange Free State acting as intermediary.

Works related to Pretoria Convention at Wikisource

## InfoBox

Pretoria Convention
| Paul Kruger and Evelyn Wood in negotiations, relief by Anton van Wouw | |
| --- | --- |
| Context | End of the First Boer War and defeat of the British Empire and subsequent independence for the South African Republic |
| Signed | 3 August 1881 (1881-08-03) |
| Location | Pretoria, South African Republic (Negotiated in Newcastle) |
| Negotiators |  |
| Signatories |  |
| Parties |  |
| Language | English, Afrikaans |


title: Trithrinax brasiliensis

abstract: Trithrinax brasiliensis is a species of flowering plant in the family Arecaceae. It is known as carandá, burití or leque. It is considered a rare and endemic species in southern Brazil. It occurs in Argentina, southern Brazil, and eastern Bolivia, where it is popularly known to Spanish speakers as saó or saocito and to speakers of Chiquitano as baixhíxh. Nowadays it is considered a threatened species belonging to the category "In Danger" in the List of Threatened species of Rio Grande do Sul state, southern Brazil.

text:
# Trithrinax brasiliensis

***Trithrinax brasiliensis*** is a species of flowering plant in the family Arecaceae. It is known as **carandá**, **burití** or **leque**. It is considered a rare and endemic species in southern Brazil. It occurs in Argentina, southern Brazil, and eastern Bolivia, where it is popularly known to Spanish speakers as **saó** or **saocito** and to speakers of Chiquitano as **baixhíxh**. Nowadays it is considered a threatened species belonging to the category "In Danger" in the List of Threatened species of Rio Grande do Sul state, southern Brazil.

## InfoBox

| *Trithrinax brasiliensis* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Data Deficient  (IUCN 2.3) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| *Clade*: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Arecales |
| Family: | Arecaceae |
| Genus: | *Trithrinax* |
| Species: | ***T. brasiliensis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Trithrinax brasiliensis***
Mart. | |
|


title: Wainwright Air Station

abstract: Wainwright Air Station is a military airport located in Wainwright, Alaska. It is owned by the United States Air Force.

text:
# Wainwright Air Station

**Wainwright Air Station** (ICAO: **PAWT**, FAA LID: **AK03**) is a military airport located in Wainwright, Alaska. It is owned by the United States Air Force.

## Facilities and aircraft

Wainwright Air Station has one runway designated 3/21 with a gravel surface measuring 3,000 by 100 feet (914 x 30 m). For the 12-month period ending July 12, 1977, the airport had 110 aircraft operations, an average of 9 per month: 45.5% air taxi, 45.5% general aviation, and 9% military.

1. FAA Airport Form 5010 for AK03 PDF. Federal Aviation Administration. effective 25 August 2011.
2. "Wainwright". Alaska Division of Community and Regional Affairs. Retrieved 26 October 2011. A 3,000' long by 100' wide gravel airstrip exists at the old Wainwright Air Station.

## InfoBox

| Wainwright Air Station | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Summary | |
| Airport type | Military |
| Owner | U.S. Air Force |
| Location | Wainwright, Alaska |
| Elevation AMSL | 35 ft / 11 m |
| Coordinates | 70°36′49″N 159°51′53″W / 70.61361°N 159.86472°W / 70.61361; -159.86472 |
| Map | |
| **AK03**Location of airport in Alaska | |
| Runways | |
| Direction Length Surface  ft m  3/21 3,000 914 Gravel | |
| Statistics (1977) | |
| Aircraft operations 110 | |
| Source: Federal Aviation Administration | |


title: Miami International Four-Ball

abstract: The Miami International Four-Ball was a golf tournament on the PGA Tour from 1924 to 1954. It was played primarily at what is now the Miami Springs Golf and Country Club in Miami, Florida. It was also played at the Miami Biltmore Golf Course in Coral Gables, Florida from 1939 to 1942 and at the Normandy Shore Club in Miami Beach, Florida from 1952 to 1954. It was played with eight two-man teams in single elimination match play initially. It went to 16 teams in 1926 and to 32 teams in 1950. In 1954, 40 teams played in a 72-hole stroke play format.

text:
# Miami International Four-Ball

The **Miami International Four-Ball** was a golf tournament on the PGA Tour from 1924 to 1954. It was played primarily at what is now the Miami Springs Golf and Country Club in Miami, Florida. It was also played at the Miami Biltmore Golf Course in Coral Gables, Florida from 1939 to 1942 and at the Normandy Shore Club in Miami Beach, Florida from 1952 to 1954.

It was played with eight two-man teams in single elimination match play initially. It went to 16 teams in 1926 and to 32 teams in 1950. In 1954, 40 teams played in a 72-hole stroke play format.

## Winners

**Miami Beach International Four-Ball**

**Miami International Four-Ball**

**Miami Biltmore International Four-Ball**

**Miami International Four-Ball**


title: Paul Babitzke

abstract: Paul Babitzke is a professor of biochemistry and molecular biology and director of the Center for RNA Molecular Biology at Pennsylvania State University.

text:
# Paul Babitzke

**Paul Babitzke** is a professor of biochemistry and molecular biology and director of the Center for RNA Molecular Biology at Pennsylvania State University.

## Education

Paul Babitzke obtained his B.A. in biomedical science from St. Cloud State University in Minnesota in 1994. He earned his Ph.D. in genetics from the University of Georgia in 1991.

## Career

Before he started at Penn State University in 1994, Babitzke worked as a postdoctoral scientist at Stanford University's department of biological sciences for 3 years. Currently, he is professor of biochemistry and molecular biology at Penn State.

He became an assistant professor of biochemistry and molecular biology in 1994 and associate professor in 2000. In 2006, Babitzke was promoted to full professor.

Since 2009, he has been serving as director of the Center for RNA Molecular Biology in the Penn State Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences. His research focuses on the regulation of gene expression mediated by RNA polymerase pausing, transcription termination, RNA structure, and RNA-binding proteins.

In 2016, he was elected as Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

In 2017, he was elected as Fellow of the American Academy of Microbiology.

## Honors and awards

* Chair, Division H, American Society for Microbiology (ASM) (2006)
* Chair, NIGMS Microbial Physiology and Genetics-subcommittee 2 (MBC-2) (2004)
* Daniel R. Tershak Teaching Award (2009)
* Divisional Group IV Representative, American Society for Microbiology (ASM) (2011-2015)
* Charles E. Kaufman New Initiative Research Award (2016)
* Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) (2016)
* Fellow, American Academy of Microbiology (AAM) (2017)
* St. Cloud State University Biological Sciences Distinguished Alumni Award (2018)

## Selected publications

* Baker, C.S., Morozov, I., Suzuki, K., Romeo, T., and Babitzke, P. (2002) CsrA regulates glycogen biosynthesis by preventing translation of glgC in Escherichia coli. Mol. Microbiol. 44:1599-1610.
* Yakhnin, A.V., and Babitzke, P. (2002) NusA-stimulated RNA polymerase pausing and termination participates in the Bacillus subtilis trp operon attenuation mechanism in vitro. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 99:11067-11072.
* Yakhnin, A.V., Yakhnin, H., and Babitzke, P. (2006) RNA polymerase pausing participates in the *Bacillus subtilis trpE* translation control mechanism by providing additional time for TRAP to bind to the nascent *trp* leader transcript. Mol. Cell 24:547-557.
* Yakhnin, A.V., Yakhnin, H., and Babitzke, P. (2008) Function of the *Bacillus subtilis* transcription elongation factor NusG in hairpin-dependent RNA polymerase pausing in the *trp* leader. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 105:16131-16136.
* Yakhnin, H., Yakhnin, A.V., Baker, C.S., Sineva, E., Berezin, I., Romeo, T., and Babitzke, P. (2011) Complex regulation of the global regulatory gene *csrA*: CsrA-mediated translational repression, transcription from five promoters by Es70 and EsS, and indirect transcriptional activation by CsrA. Mol. Microbiol. 81:689-704.
* Yakhnin, A.V., Baker, C.S., Vakulskas, C.A., Yakhnin, H., Berezin, I., Romeo, T., and Babitzke, P. (2013) CsrA activates *flhDC* expression by protecting *flhDC* mRNA from RNase E-mediated cleavage. Mol. Microbiol. 87:851-866.
* Mondal, S., Yakhnin, A.V., Sebastian, A., Albert, I., and Babitzke, P. (2016) NusA-dependent transcription termination prevents misregulation of global gene expression. Nat. Microbiol. 1:15007.
* Potts, A.H., Vakulskas, C.A., Pannuri, A., Yakhnin, H., Babitzke, P., and Romeo, T. (2017) Global role of the bacterial post-transcriptional regulator CsrA revealed by integrated transcriptomics. Nat. Commun. 8:1596.
* Yakhnin, A.V., FitzGerald, P.C., McIntosh, C., Yakhnin, H., Kireeva, M., Turek-Herman, J., Mandell, Z.F., Kashlev, M., and Babitzke, P. (2020) NusG controls transcription pausing and RNA polymerase translocation throughout the *Bacillus subtilis* genome. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 117:21628-21636.
* Mandell, Z.F., Oshiro, R.T., Yakhnin, A.V., Kashlev, M., Kearns, D.B., and Babitzke, P. (2021) NusG is an intrinsic transcription termination factor that stimulates motility and coordinates gene expression with NusA. eLife 10:e61880.

## InfoBox

| Paul Babitzke | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Alma mater | St. Cloud State University |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Molecular biology |
| Institutions | Pennsylvania State University |
|  | |


title: Lucian Colceriu

abstract: Lucian Colceriu is a Romanian former rugby union footballer who played as a wing.

text:
# Lucian Colceriu

**Lucian Colceriu** (born 8 September 1968 in Lunca Bradului) is a Romanian former rugby union footballer who played as a wing.

## Club career

During his career Colceriu played mostly for Romanian club Steaua București.

## International career

Colceriu gathered 26 caps for Romania, from his debut in 1991 to his last game in 1998. He scored 7 tries during his international career, 35 points on aggregate. He was a member of his national side for the 2nd and 3rd Rugby World Cups in 1991 and 1995 and played 4 group matches without scoring.

## Honours

Steaua București

## InfoBox

Lucian Colceriu
| Birth name | Lucian Colceriu |
| --- | --- |
| Date of birth | (1968-09-08) 8 September 1968 |
| Place of birth | Lunca Bradului, Romania |
| Height | 5 ft 11 in (180 cm) |
| Weight | 174 lb (79 kg) |
| Rugby union career | |
| **Position(s)**  Wing  Senior career  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  1989–1998 Steaua București   ()  International career  **Years** **Team** **Apps** **(Points)**  1991–1998 Romania  26  (35) | |


title: Lucky Lake Airport

abstract: Lucky Lake Airport, is located adjacent to Lucky Lake, Saskatchewan, Canada. Planning for a new airport began in 1988, and Transport Canada gave $500,000 in funding to construct a 3,012 ft × 75 ft paved runway and taxiway, paved / gravel apron, gravel access road and parking lot, and perimeter fencing; to install airport lighting, beacon, and lighted windsock; and to provide utilities to the site. This would replace the unlit grass strip previously in operation. There was much support from the community, and in 1991, the Federal Minister of Transport officially announced that construction could begin. Companies from Swift Current were hired to construct the airport, and in 1993, construction began. The official opening of the airport took place on July 30, 1994, which was also the village of Lucky Lake's 75th anniversary.

text:
# Lucky Lake Airport

**Lucky Lake Airport**, (TC LID: **CKQ5**) is located adjacent to Lucky Lake, Saskatchewan, Canada.

Planning for a new airport began in 1988, and Transport Canada gave $500,000 in funding to construct a 3,012 ft × 75 ft (918 m × 23 m) paved runway and taxiway, paved / gravel apron, gravel access road and parking lot, and perimeter fencing; to install airport lighting, beacon, and lighted windsock (for night operations); and to provide utilities to the site. This would replace the unlit grass strip previously in operation. There was much support from the community, and in 1991, the Federal Minister of Transport officially announced that construction could begin. Companies from Swift Current were hired to construct the airport, and in 1993, construction began. The official opening of the airport took place on July 30, 1994, which was also the village of Lucky Lake's 75th anniversary.

## InfoBox

| Lucky Lake Airport | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Summary | |
| Airport type | Public |
| Operator | Village of Lucky Lake |
| Serves | Lucky Lake & area |
| Location | RM of Canaan No. 225, near Lucky Lake, Saskatchewan |
| Time zone | CST (UTC−06:00) |
| Elevation AMSL | 2,084 ft / 635 m |
| Coordinates | 50°59′39″N 107°07′53″W / 50.99417°N 107.13139°W / 50.99417; -107.13139 |
| Map | |
| CKQ5Location in SaskatchewanCKQ5CKQ5 (Canada) | |
| Runways | |
| Direction Length Surface  ft m  08/26 3,012 918 Asphalt | |
| Source: Canada Flight Supplement | |


title: Triviella sanctispiritus

abstract: Triviella sanctispiritus is a species of gastropod belonging to the family Triviidae. The species inhabits marine environments.

text:
# Triviella sanctispiritus

***Triviella sanctispiritus*** is a species of gastropod belonging to the family Triviidae.

The species inhabits marine environments.

## InfoBox

| *Triviella sanctispiritus* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Order: | Littorinimorpha |
| Family: | Triviidae |
| Genus: | *Triviella* |
| Species: | ***T. sanctispiritus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Triviella sanctispiritus***<br>(Shikama, 1974) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| *Trivia sanctispiritus* Shikama, 1974 | |


title: Lucky Lamons

abstract: Lucky Lamons is an American politician who served in the Oklahoma House of Representatives from the 66th district from 2002 to 2010.

text:
# Lucky Lamons

**Lucky Lamons** (born February 3, 1960) is an American politician who served in the Oklahoma House of Representatives from the 66th district from 2002 to 2010.

## InfoBox

| Lucky Lamons | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Member of the Oklahoma House of Representatives from the 66th district | |
| **In office**
November 19, 2002  November 16, 2010 | |
| Preceded by | Russ Roach |
| Succeeded by | Jadine Nollan |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1960-02-03) February 3, 1960
Fairbanks, Alaska |
| Political party | Democratic |
|  | |


title: Tromsø SkyRace

abstract: The Tromsø SkyRace was an international skyrunning competition held from 2014 until 2023. It ran every year in Tromsø (Norway) in August and consisted of four races both valid for the Skyrunner World Series.

text:
# Tromsø SkyRace

The **Tromsø SkyRace** was an international skyrunning competition held from 2014 until 2023. It ran every year in Tromsø (Norway) in August and consisted of four races both valid for the Skyrunner World Series.

## Races

## Hamperokken Skyrace

Race of Skyrunner World Series

| Year | Men's winner | Time | Women's winner | Time |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2014 (45 km) | Eirik Dagssøn Haugsnes | 6:38:30 | Hana Krajnikova | 9:49:46 |
| 2015 (45 km) | Jonathan Albon | 6:08:41 | Emelie Forsberg | 7:09:54 |
| 2016 | Tom Owens | 6:45:15 | Jasmin Paris | 8:43:53 |
| 2017 | Jonathan Albon | 7:01:01 | Maite Maiora | 8:21:21 |
| 2018 | Jonathan Albon | 7:04:06 | Hillary Gerardi | 8:14:09 |
| 2019 | Jonathan Albon | 6:54:30 | Johanna Åström | 8:00:49 |

## Tromsdalstind Skyrace

| Year | Men's winner | Time | Women's winner | Time |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2014 (25 km) | Dakota Jones | 2.25:19 | Yngvild Kaspersen | 2:28:46 |
| 2015 (20 km) | Stian Hovind-Angermund | 2.02.07 | Yngvild Kaspersen | 2:19.28 |
| 2016 | David Hoimberg | 3:13:31 | Arja Arnesen | 3:22:05 |
| 2017 | Hubert Fortin | 3:08:26 | Marianne Fatton | 3:36:58 |
| 2018 | Eirik Haugsnes | 2:58:01 | Arja Arnesen | 3:26:17 |
| 2019 | Damien Humbert | 2:58:03 | Barbara Trunkelj | 3:29:14 |

## Blåmann Vertical

Race of Skyrunner World Series   Race of Vertical Kilometer World Circuit

| Year | Men's winner | Time | Women's winner | Time |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2015 | Stian Angermund-Vik | 36:59 | Emelie Forsberg | 45:58 |
| 2016 | Stian Angermund-Vik | 37:00 | Emelie Forsberg | 44:49 |
| 2017 | Stian Angermund-Vik | 35:20 | Eli Anne Dvergsdal | 43:41 |
| 2018 | Eirik Haugsnes | 39:45 | Therese Sjursen | 48:03 |
| 2019 | Damien Humbert | 38:10 | Johanna Åström | 43:28 |

## Bønntuva Tour-Race

| Year | Men's winner | Time | Women's winner | Time |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2016 | Cristoffer Henningsen | 1:36:48 | Karolin Sjöö | 2:01:27 |
| 2017 | Vegard Øie | 1:24:57 | Antigone Abazi Nyborg | 1:49:43 |
| 2018 | Vilabella Puig | 1:24:53 | Alba Xandri Suets | 1:42:11 |
| 2019 | Basile Richard | 1:28:53 | Elin Siira | 1:52:57 |

## InfoBox

| Tromsø SkyRace | |
| --- | --- |
| Date | August |
| Location | Tromsø |
| Event type | SkyRace |
| Distance | 57 km / 4,800 m D+ |
| Established | 2014 |
| Official site | Tromsø SkyRace |


title: True Western Hearts

abstract: True Western Hearts is a 1914 American silent short Western film directed by J. Russell O'Leary. The film stars Sydney Ayres, Helen Armstrong, Jacques Jaccard, Louise Lester, Joseph Knight, Jack Richardson, and Harry von Meter.

text:
# True Western Hearts

***True Western Hearts*** is a 1914 American silent short Western film directed by J. Russell O'Leary. The film stars Sydney Ayres, Helen Armstrong, Jacques Jaccard, Louise Lester, Joseph Knight, Jack Richardson, and Harry von Meter.

## InfoBox

| True Western Hearts | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Lorimer Johnston |
| Written by | J. Russell O'Leary |
| Starring | Sydney Ayres
Helen Armstrong
Jacques Jaccard
Louise Lester
Joseph Knight
Jack Richardson
Harry Van Meter |
| Distributed by | Mutual Film |
| Release date | * February 7, 1914 (1914-02-07) |
| Running time | 1 reel |
| Country | United States |
| Languages | Silent
English intertitles |


title: Trust Electricity

abstract: Trust Electricity is the debut album by American band The Upsidedown. The album has received national attention in several newspapers and magazines including Magnet, The Boston Globe, and The Oregonian. Music from Trust Electricity has also been featured on the television programs What About BrianWhat about him?, Fast Inc, and Trauma.

text:
# Trust Electricity

***Trust Electricity*** is the debut album by American band The Upsidedown.

The album has received national attention in several newspapers and magazines including *Magnet*, *The Boston Globe*, and *The Oregonian*. Music from *Trust Electricity* has also been featured on the television programs *What About BrianWhat about him?*, *Fast Inc*, and *Trauma*.

## Track listing

All songs written by J. Atoms unless otherwise stated.

1. "The Way In" – 0:26
2. "Wake Up Drive Thru" – 2:46
3. "Blackeye Liner" – 3:28
4. "Saint Theresa of the Roses" – 4:53
5. "I Wish I Could See You Right Now" – 0:40
6. "Bumpersticker" – 4:28
7. "Walk on Fire" – 5:24
8. "Elizabeth" – 3:28
9. "Pepper Spray" – 2:22
10. "Drag Race" – 3:08
11. "Dutchess of York" – 6:05
12. "Airplane Eyes" – 5:27
13. "Sacred Call" – 6:34
14. "Radio Broadcast" – 1:53
15. "Spirit in the Sky" – 5:14

## Commercial Usage of Tracks

### National Television

* "Bumpersticker" was used in the fourth episode of *Trauma*, airing October 19, 2009 on the American commercial television network, NBC.

## InfoBox

| Trust Electricity | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by The Upsidedown | |
| Released | August 10, 2004 |
| Recorded | Winter, 2003–2004 |
| Genre | Rock |
| Length | 74:02 |
| Label | Reverb Records |
| Producer | The Upsidedown/Tony Lash |
| The Upsidedown chronology | |
| ***Trust Electricity***
(2004) *Human Destination*
(2008) | |


title: Lugu, Nantou

abstract: Lugu Township is a rural township located in the southwest of Nantou County, Taiwan. Lugu is known as the home of Dongding Oolong Tea, which was first cultivated on Dong Ding Mountain in the area.

text:
# Lugu, Nantou

23°45′00″N 120°43′59″E / 23.75°N 120.733°E / 23.75; 120.733

**Lugu Township** (Chinese: 鹿谷鄉; pinyin: *Lùgǔ Xiāng*; Wade–Giles: *Lu4-ku3 Hsiang1*; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: *Lo̍k-kok Hiong*) is a rural township located in the southwest of Nantou County, Taiwan. Lugu is known as the home of Dongding Oolong Tea, which was first cultivated on Dong Ding Mountain in the area.

## Administrative divisions

Lugu, Zhangya, Guangxing, Yonglong, Fenghuang, Neihu, Heya, Zhulin, Zhufeng, Chuxiang, Xiufeng, Qingshui and Ruitian Village

## Economy

## Tourist attractions

## Transportation

## InfoBox

| Lugu Township
鹿谷鄉 Shikatani | |
| --- | --- |
| Rural township | |
|  | |
| Lugu Township in Nantou County | |
| Location | Nantou County, Taiwan |
| Area | |
| Total | 142 km2 (55 sq mi) |
| Population (February 2023) | |
| Total | 16,413 |
| Density | 120/km2 (300/sq mi) |


title: Trochida

abstract: Trochida is an order of small to very large vetigastropods. It includes recent and extinct sea snails with gills and an operculum.

text:
# Trochida

**Trochida** is an order of small to very large vetigastropods. It includes recent and extinct sea snails with gills and an operculum.

## Taxonomy

Extant trochomorphs stem from a large, archaic clade. According to Uribe *et al.* (2016) the superfamilies Angarioidea and Phasianelloidea are deeply nested within the superfamily Trochoidea sensu Williams (2012). The revised taxonomy (2017) of Bouchet *et al.* therefore only recognizes the superfamily Trochoidea (including Angarioidea and Phasianelloidea).

## Superfamilies

Synonyms * Angarioidea Gray, 1857: synonym of Trochoidea Rafinesque, 1815
* Phasianelloidea Swainson, 1840: synonym of Trochoidea Rafinesque, 1815

* Bouchet P., Rocroi J.P., Hausdorf B., Kaim A., Kano Y., Nützel A., Parkhaev P., Schrödl M. & Strong E.E. (2017). Revised classification, nomenclator and typification of gastropod and monoplacophoran families. Malacologia. 61(1-2): 1-526

## InfoBox

| Trochida<br>Temporal range: | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Vetigastropoda |
| Order: | Trochida |
|
| Superfamilies | |
| See text | |


title: Presbyterian Church, Aldershot

abstract: The English Presbyterian Church is the former Presbyterian church for Aldershot in Hampshire. Built in 1863 it served that denomination until 1972 when most churches in the Congregational Church in England and Wales and virtually all of the congregations of the Presbyterian Church of England including that at Aldershot combined to form the United Reformed Church in England. By the late 1970s the building was derelict at which time it was purchased by the New Testament Church of God (NTCOG) who worship there today.

text:
# Presbyterian Church, Aldershot

The **English Presbyterian Church** is the former Presbyterian church for Aldershot in Hampshire. Built in 1863 it served that denomination until 1972 when most churches in the Congregational Church in England and Wales and virtually all of the congregations of the Presbyterian Church of England including that at Aldershot combined to form the United Reformed Church in England. By the late 1970s the building was derelict at which time it was purchased by the New Testament Church of God (NTCOG) who worship there today.

## History

Located in the centre of Victoria Road in Aldershot in Hampshire and designed in the Italianate Style with twin towers to the front, the church is one of the oldest in the town centre having been founded in 1862 and built by 1863 at a total cost of £5,000. The initiative for building the church came from William Reavell, a local citizen who had been Chairman of the Local Board, who called a public meeting in October 1861 to discuss a proposal for a Presbyterian Church in Aldershot. The land in Victoria Road was purchased in September 1862 for £210, and in the following year the building company of John Martin won the tender to build the church for £1,835 to the design of architect G. B. Musselwhite. The gallery was added in 1872. A Manse was added to the west side of the church, on the corner of Station Road, but this was demolished around 1950 and commercial buildings now occupy the site.

Built as the civilian town centre was beginning to grow, the building once sat on an extensive plot which stretched to the present Station Road on one side and a dirt track to the front which had recently been named 'Victoria Road'. Attached to the rear of the building were a Sunday school and meeting hall while the Manse (since demolished) later had its use changed to a Gospel Hall. So new was the church that it sat in the centre of open fields which eventually were developed with buildings. The entrance was originally via two small gates built into a wall on Victoria Road, but this has since been demolished.

The English Presbyterian church in Aldershot belonged to the Presbytery of London South. The galleried church can seat 700 in its original wooden pews. During World War I the church provided services for soldiers from the Camp including facilities for letter writing, tea and entertainment.

## Latter years

In 1972 the majority of churches in the Congregational Church in England and Wales and virtually all of the congregations of the Presbyterian Church of England including that at Aldershot combined to form the United Reformed Church in England. By the 1970s the building was derelict at which time it was purchased by the local congregation of the New Testament Church of God who have worshipped there ever since with a thriving congregation.

Two memorials from World War I that were originally in the church can now be found in the porch of St Andrew's Garrison Church in Aldershot.

51°14′53″N 0°45′40″W / 51.2481°N 0.7611°W / 51.2481; -0.7611


title: Tromsø Midnight Sun Marathon

abstract: Tromsø Midnight Sun Marathon is the northernmost Association of International Marathons and Distance Races certified marathon in the world. The Midnight Sun Marathon is hosted annually by the Norwegian city of Tromsø in June each year.

text:
# Tromsø Midnight Sun Marathon

69°38′44.1″N 19°0′51.8″E / 69.645583°N 19.014389°E / 69.645583; 19.014389

**Tromsø Midnight Sun Marathon** is the northernmost Association of International Marathons and Distance Races certified marathon in the world. The Midnight Sun Marathon is hosted annually by the Norwegian city of Tromsø in June each year.

## History

The Midnight Sun Marathon first started in 1990 and has runners from most of the world, attracted by its special feature of running in the midnight sun. The race starts and finishes at the city centre. The runners are facing the Tromsø Bridge after 2 km; an uphill from 6 to 43 meters over sea level. After running about 20 km the runners recross the bridge, and return through the city centre. The field record of the marathon is 2:38:22 for women and 2:20:56 for men.

The 2020 edition of the race was cancelled due to the coronavirus pandemic.

## Course records

* Male: 2:20:03 - Ebrahim Abdulaziz (Norway) 2022
* Female: 2:38:08 - Yngvild Kaspersen (Norway) 2023

## Winners

**Key:**   **Course record**

| Edition | Year | Men's winner | Time (::) | Women's winner Freh Zenebe | Time (::) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 34th | 2024 | Ebrahim Abdulaziz (NOR) | 2:21:29 | Hanna Lindholm (SWE) | 2:43:42 |
| 33rd | 2023 | Ebrahim Abdulaziz (NOR) | 2:20:24 | Yngvild Kaspersen (NOR) | **2:38:08** |
| 32nd | 2022 | Ebrahim Abdulaziz (NOR) | **2:20:03** | Yngvild Kaspersen (NOR) | 2:45:13 |
| 31st | 2021 | Frew Zenebe (ETH) | 2:24:36 | Trude Thomassen (NOR) | 3:03:07 |
|  | 2020 | *cancelled due to coronavirus pandemic* | | | |
| 30th | 2019 | Ebrahim Abdulaziz (NOR) | 2:20:31 | Marthe Myhre (NOR) | 2:50:49 |
| 29th | 2018 | Ebrahim Abdulaziz (NOR) | 2:23:00 | Marianne Dønnem (NOR) | 3:09:31 |
| 28th | 2017 | Frew Zenebe (ETH) | 2:26:30 | Nina Kreisherr (GER) | 3:00:32 |
| 27th | 2016 | Matthew Sigei (KEN) | 2:31:55 | Leah Kusar (KEN) | 2:59:35 |
| 26th | 2015 | Anthony Mugo (KEN) | 2:26:15 | Claire Grima (GBR) | 2:49:07 |
| 25th | 2014 | Martin Kjäll-Ohlsson (NOR) | 2:28:54 | Maria Venås (NOR) | 2:46:46 |
| 24th | 2013 | Kristoffer Österlund (SWE) | 2:25:20 | Josephine Ambjörnsson (SWE) | 2:53:33 |
| 23rd | 2012 | Tomas Bereket (ERI) | 2:29:37 | Marthe Myhre (NOR) | 2:45:13 |
| 22nd | 2011 | Jens-Kristian Berg (NOR) | 2:34:17 | Mari Brox (NOR) | 2:58:01 |
| 21st | 2010 | David Kanyari (KEN) | 2:28:42 | Mari Brox (NOR) | 2:59:17 |
| 20th | 2009 | Samwel Kiprotich (KEN) | 2:31:20 | Anne Hodne (NOR) | 2:47:15 |
| 19th | 2008 | Samwel Kiprotich (KEN) | 2:23:14 | Mona Rydland (NOR) | 3:17:51 |
| 18th | 2007 | David Kanyari (KEN) | 2:36:19 | Elena Babenko (UKR) | 3:15:30 |
| 17th | 2006 | Jens-Kristian Berg (NOR) | 2:43:12 | Cinta Groos (NED) | 3:18:20 |
| 16th | 2005 | Runar Höiom (SWE) | 2:36:11 | Sharon Broadwell (NOR) | 2:54:45 |
| 15th | 2004 | Knut Aalien (NOR) | 2:27:48 | Sharon Broadwell (NOR) | 2:59:55 |
| 14th | 2003 | Egil Skarpsno (NOR) | 2:30:25 | Kristin Thorkellsdottir (NOR) | 3:22:42 |
| 13th | 2002 | Salvatore Calderone (ITA) | 2:24:24 | Trude Kvanli (NOR) | 3:27:25 |
| 12th | 2001 | Tor-Erik Nyquist (NOR) | 2:25:11 | Brynhild Synstnes (NOR) | 2:38:22 |
| 11th | 2000 | Gjermund Hanssen (NOR) | 2:33:25 | Ingvill Holden (NOR) | 3:27:20 |
| 10th | 1999 | Tor-Erik Nyquist (NOR) | 2:26:48 | Gitte Karlshøj (DEN) | 2:46:03 |
| 9th | 1998 | Egil Skarpsno (NOR) | 2:29:26 | Gitte Karlshøj (DEN) | 2:42:12 |
| 8th | 1997 | Abderrahim Goumri (MAR) | 2:30:54 | Monica Casiraghi (ITA) | 3:04:25 |
| 7th | 1996 | Knut Hegvold (NOR) | 2:20:56 | Trine Jørgensen (NOR) | 3:07:09 |
| 6th | 1995 | Ole-Petter Hjelle (NOR) | 2:23:51 | Trine Jørgensen (NOR) | 3:13:33 |
| 5th | 1994 | Terje Hole (NOR) | 2:23:49 | Anita Bergdal (NOR) | 2:54:55 |
| 4th | 1993 | Terje Hole (NOR) | 2:23:21 | Romy Lindner (GER) | 2:47:25 |
| 3rd | 1992 | Jarmo Rundgren (FIN) | 2:26:12 | Sigrid Renna (NOR) | 2:54:23 |
| 2nd | 1991 | Øyvind Trongmo (NOR) | 2:29:33 | Sigrid Renna (NOR) | 2:53:13 |
| 1st | 1990 | Eimund Aamodt (NOR) | 2:30:13 | Sigrid Renna (NOR) | 2:49:08 |

## InfoBox

| Tromsø Midnight Sun Marathon | |
| --- | --- |
| Date | June |
| Location | Tromsø, Norway |
| Event type | Road |
| Distance | Marathon |
| Primary sponsor | SpareBank 1 |
| Established | 1990 |
| Course records | Men's: **2:20:03** (2022)
Ebrahim Abdulaziz
Women's: **2:38:08** (2023)
Yngvild Kaspersen |
| Official site | Tromsø Midnight Sun Marathon |
| Participants | 246 finishers (2021)
1,022 (2019) |


title: Prunus glabrifolia

abstract: Prunus glabrifolia is a species of Prunus native to Malaya, Sumatra and Sarawak. It is a shrub or small tree reaching 15 m. It is morphologically somewhat similar to Prunus grisea var. tomentosa, but can be easily distinguished by its much stiffer leaves.

text:
# Prunus glabrifolia

***Prunus glabrifolia*** is a species of *Prunus* native to Malaya, Sumatra and Sarawak. It is a shrub or small tree reaching 15 m. It is morphologically somewhat similar to *Prunus grisea* var. *tomentosa*, but can be easily distinguished by its much stiffer leaves.

## InfoBox

| *Prunus glabrifolia* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Rosales |
| Family: | Rosaceae |
| Genus: | *Prunus* |
| Species: | ***P. glabrifolia*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Prunus glabrifolia***<br>Kalkman | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Pygeum brevifolium*  Hook.f. * *Pygeum scortechinii* King | |