title: Leytenant Shestakov-class destroyer

abstract: The Leytenant Shestakov class consisted of four destroyers built for the Imperial Russian Navy. They were an enlarged derivative of the Vsadnik-class destroyers built by the Germany shipyard Friedrich Krupp Germaniawerft. Originally classified as torpedo cruisers, they were redesignated as destroyers on 10 October 1907, prior to completion. The ships served as part of the Black Sea Fleet during the First World War and the Russian Civil War. They are often considered a part of the broader Dobrovolets class, which included several similar classes of destroyers.

text:
# Leytenant Shestakov-class destroyer

The ***Leytenant Shestakov* class** consisted of four destroyers built for the Imperial Russian Navy. They were an enlarged derivative of the *Vsadnik*-class destroyers built by the Germany shipyard Friedrich Krupp Germaniawerft. Originally classified as torpedo cruisers, they were redesignated as destroyers on 10 October 1907, prior to completion. The ships served as part of the Black Sea Fleet during the First World War and the Russian Civil War. They are often considered a part of the broader *Dobrovolets* class, which included several similar classes of destroyers.

## Background

Originally, the 1903–1923 shipbuilding programme called for additional 350-tonne (340-long-ton) destroyers to be built for the Black Sea Fleet. Experience from the Russo-Japanese War showed the need for larger destroyers, and on 21 November 1904 the Naval Technical Committee (Морской технический комитет, MTK) decided to replace the planned ships with four of a larger type. At the time, the only suitable design available was that of the 570-tonne (560-long-ton) *Vsadnik* class ordered from Germaniawerft. Four ships based on a modified version of this design were ordered from the Nikolayev Naval Shipyard.

The design process was prolonged due to numerous changes in requirements as it progressed. Design modifications resulted in a significantly increased displacement; the MTK allowed an increase to 605 tonnes (595 long tons), but this was already too low and the displacement continued to climb. Construction of the "enlarged 570 t destroyers" finally began in early 1906. Their names were added to the list of Black Sea Fleet ships on 29 March 1906 and they were officially laid down on 16 September that year.

## Design

### Propulsion

As designed, the ships had four Normand boilers providing 6,500 indicated horsepower (4,800 kW) to two vertical triple-expansion steam engines, giving a top speed of 25 knots (46 km/h; 29 mph). A higher speed was hoped for, but, as larger machinery would have come at the cost of increased displacement or reduced range, 25 knots was settled on. They could carry up to 215 tonnes (212 long tons) of coal for fuel.

When *Leytenant Shestakov* began trials in August 1908, she failed to reach the 25 knot design speed. By May 1909, none of the ships had reached 25 knots even after receiving modifications to their propellers and machinery (*Kapitan Saken* was the fastest at 24.78 knots (45.89 km/h; 28.52 mph)). The ships' machinery produced between 6,675 and 7,310 hp (4,978 and 5,451 kW).

### Armament

The armament of the ships was based on experience in the Russo-Japanese War, which showed that larger guns were needed to defeat enemy destroyers. The secondary armament of six 57 mm (2.24 in) guns on the *Vsadnik* class was replaced by four additional 75 mm (3 in) Canet Pattern 1892 for a total of six 75 mm guns; two on the centreline and two on each beam. An unusual design feature carried over from the *Vsadnik*s was the mounting of two guns in sponsons on each side of the forecastle. During construction, replacing the stern 75 mm gun with a 120 mm (5 in) Canet Pattern 1892 was considered and modifications were made to allow this, although the larger guns were not fitted until after the ships had commissioned.

The ships were armed with three 456 mm (18 in) torpedo tubes in single mounts along the centreline, and could carry 40 mines.

#### Modifications

In December 1909, the aft 75 mm gun was replaced by a 120 mm gun as planned. The 75 mm guns had their shields removed in December 1910. In 1913–1914, the remaining 75 mm guns were removed, the sponsons eliminated, and a second 120 mm gun mounted on the forecastle. In 1914–1915, the ships received two 47 mm (1.9 in) anti-aircraft guns, and the number of mines they could carry was increased to 50.

## Service

The four destroyers joined the Black Sea Fleet on 25 November 1909, forming the 2nd Division of the Torpedo Brigade. Modifications continued even after the ships entered active service. In August 1911, the 2nd Division became part of the Black Sea Torpedo Division. With the arrival of the new *Derzky*-class destroyers in 1914, the ships were moved to the 3rd Division.

After the Ottoman Empire entered the First World War on 29 October 1914, the ships were involved in blockading the Turkish coast, participating in raids and minelaying operations. In early 1916, they helped to cover the Trebizond Offensive. In September 1916, they became part of a special detachment tasked with assisting the Romanian Army in Dobruja. *Leytenant Zatsarenny* was sunk on 30 June 1917 after hitting a mine laid by the Ottoman cruiser *Midilli* near Snake Island, with the loss of 44 men.

Following the October Revolution, the three surviving ships joined the Red Black Sea Fleet on 29 December 1917. *Leytenant Shestakov* and *Kapitan-leytenant Baranov* moved from Sevastopol to Novorossiysk on 29 April 1918 ahead of the advancing German forces. Both were scuttled in Tsemes Bay on 18 June 1918 to avoid capture. In December 1927 they were raised by EPRON and scrapped.

*Kapitan Saken* was placed in storage in Sevastopol in March 1918. On 1 May, she was captured there by German forces and pressed into service on 12 October as *R 04*. She was taken over by the Allies after the armistice on 24 November and sent to İzmit before joining the Naval Forces of South Russia in October 1919. She participated in the evacuation of Novorossiysk in March 1920. At the end of 1920, she sailed to be interned in Bizerte with the rest of Wrangel's Fleet and was eventually scrapped in France in the early 1930s.

## Ships

All dates given are New Style:

Construction data
| Name | Laid down | Launched | Entered Service | Fate |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *Leytenant Shestakov* (Лейтенант Шестаков) | 16 September 1906 | August 1907 | 1 October 1909 | Scuttled, 18 June 1918 in Tsemes Bay, raised and scrapped, 1927–1928 |
| *Kapitan Saken* (Капитан Сакен) | 16 September 1906 | September 1907 | 13 October 1909 | Interned, 29 December 1920 in Bizerte, scrapped, early 1930s |
| *Kapitan-leytenant Baranov* (Капитан-лейтенант Баранов) | 16 September 1906 | 5 November 1907 | 13 October 1909 | Scuttled, 18 June 1918 in Tsemes Bay, raised and scrapped, 1927–1928 |
| *Leytenant Zatsarenny* (Лейтенант Зацаренный) | 16 September 1906 | 29 October 1907 | 16 October 1909 | Sunk, 17 June 1917, after hitting a mine near Snake Island |

Originally, *Kapitan Saken* was to be named *Leytenant Pushchin* (Лейтенант Пущин), but this was changed in March 1907, with another destroyer (formerly *Zadorny*) receiving the name instead.

1. Few references state whether they are using New or Old Style dates. Whenever possible, New Style is used in this article, but some dates are ambiguous.
2. Sources agree that the plan was to increase the number of 350-tonne destroyers in the Black Sea Fleet to 20, some claiming 6 ships were planned while others state only 4. However, it seems that there were only 13 such ships in the Black Sea Fleet (4 of the *Sokol* class and 9 of the *Leytenant Pushchin* class), so neither number would result in 20.

## Bibliography

## InfoBox

| *Leytenant Shestakov* | |
| --- | --- |
| Class overview | |
| Builders | Naval Shipyard, Nikolayev |
| Operators |  |
| Preceded by | *Leytenant Pushchin* class |
| Succeeded by | *Derzky* class |
| Built | 1906–1909 |
| In commission | 1909–1920 |
| Completed | 4 |
| Lost | 1 |
| Scrapped | 3 |
| General characteristics | |
| Type | Destroyer |
| Displacement | 635–850  (625–837 long tons) |
| Length | 74.1 m (243 ft 1 in) |
| Beam | 8.3 m (27 ft 3 in) |
| Draught | 2.6–3.1 m (8 ft 6 in – 10 ft 2 in) |
| Installed power |  |
| Propulsion | 2 shafts, 2 vertical triple-expansion steam engines |
| Speed | * 25 knots (46 km/h; 29 mph) (design) * 24.2–24.8 knots (44.8–45.9 km/h; 27.8–28.5 mph) (actual) |
| Range | * 1,700–1,994 mi (2,736–3,209 km) at 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph) * 310–630 mi (500–1,010 km) at 22 knots (41 km/h; 25 mph) |
| Complement | * 5 officers * 89 enlisted |
| Armament |  |


title: Trichordestra legitima

abstract: Trichordestra legitima, the striped garden caterpillar moth, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Augustus Radcliffe Grote in 1864. It is found in eastern North America, from Newfoundland to Florida, west to Texas, north to Saskatchewan.

text:
# Trichordestra legitima

***Trichordestra legitima***, the **striped garden caterpillar moth**, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Augustus Radcliffe Grote in 1864. It is found in eastern North America, from Newfoundland to Florida, west to Texas, north to Saskatchewan.

* Murray, Tom (August 9, 2020). "Species *Trichordestra legitima* \- Striped Garden Caterpillar Moth - Hodges#10304". *BugGuide*. Retrieved November 14, 2020.
* "932886.00 – 10304 – *Trichordestra legitima* – Striped Garden Caterpillar Moth – (Grote, 1864)". *North American Moth Photographers Group*. Mississippi State University. Retrieved November 14, 2020.
* Anweiler, G. G. (2007). "Species Details *Trichordestra legitima*". *University of Alberta Museums*. E.H. Strickland Entomological Museum. Retrieved November 14, 2020.

## InfoBox

| *Trichordestra legitima* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| Adult (top) and larva on milkweed (bottom) | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Superfamily: | Noctuoidea |
| Family: | Noctuidae |
| Genus: | *Trichordestra* |
| Species: | ***T. legitima*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Trichordestra legitima***<br>(Grote, 1864) | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Apamea legitima* Grote, 1864 * *Lacanobia legitima* | |


title: Little Acres, Arizona

abstract: Little Acres is a populated place situated in Gila County, Arizona, United States. It has an estimated elevation of 3,402 feet (1,037 m) above sea level.

text:
# Little Acres, Arizona

**Little Acres** is a populated place situated in Gila County, Arizona, United States. It has an estimated elevation of 3,402 feet (1,037 m) above sea level.

## InfoBox

| Little Acres, Arizona | |
| --- | --- |
| Populated place | |
| Little AcresLocation within the state of ArizonaLittle AcresLittle Acres (the United States) | |
| Coordinates: 33°23′41″N 110°49′15″W / 33.39472°N 110.82083°W / 33.39472; -110.82083 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Arizona |
| County | Gila |
| Elevation | 3,402 ft (1,037 m) |
| Time zone | UTC-7 (Mountain (MST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-7 (MST) |
| Area code | 928 |
| FIPS code | 04-41400 |
| GNIS feature ID | 31025 |


title: Patrick Sahajasein

abstract: Jean-Patrick Aladd Sahajasein is a Mauritian table tennis player. He competed in the men's singles event at the 2000 Summer Olympics.

text:
# Patrick Sahajasein

**Jean-Patrick Aladd Sahajasein** (born 19 January 1970) is a Mauritian table tennis player. He competed in the men's singles event at the 2000 Summer Olympics.

## InfoBox

Patrick Sahajasein
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Full name | Jean-Patrick Aladd Sahajasein |
| Nationality | Mauritian |
| Born | (1970-01-19) 19 January 1970 |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Table tennis |


title: Onebala

abstract: Onebala is a genus of moths in the family Gelechiidae.

text:
# Onebala

***Onebala*** is a genus of moths in the family Gelechiidae.

## Species

## Former species

## InfoBox

| *Onebala* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Gelechiidae |
| Subfamily: | Dichomeridinae |
| Genus: | *Onebala*
Walker, 1864 |
|
| Type species | |
| * *Onebala blandiella*
Walker, 1864 | |
| Synonyms | |
| * *Dectobathra* Meyrick, 1904 | |


title: Pailhe

abstract: Pailhe is a district of the municipality of Clavier, located in the province of Liège in Wallonia, Belgium. The settlement consists of the village Pailhe and the hamlet Saint-Fontaine. The name Pailhe is mentioned in written sources for the first time in 1179. It was pillaged by troops from the Duchy of Lorraine at the end of the 17th century. The village church dates from 1847 but contains older furnishings. In Saint-Fontaine there is a Romanesque chapel, dating from the 12th century, and a château built in 1820.

text:
# Pailhe

**Pailhe** (French pronunciation: \[paj\]) is a district of the municipality of Clavier, located in the province of Liège in Wallonia, Belgium.

The settlement consists of the village Pailhe and the hamlet Saint-Fontaine. The name Pailhe is mentioned in written sources for the first time in 1179. It was pillaged by troops from the Duchy of Lorraine at the end of the 17th century. The village church dates from 1847 but contains older furnishings. In Saint-Fontaine there is a Romanesque chapel, dating from the 12th century, and a château built in 1820.

* Media related to Pailhe at Wikimedia Commons

## InfoBox

| Pailhe | |
| --- | --- |
| The hamlet of Saint-Fontaine with its château and chapel, part of Pailhe | |
| PailhePailhe | |
| Coordinates: 50°25′24″N 05°15′29″E / 50.42333°N 5.25806°E / 50.42333; 5.25806 | |
| Country | Belgium |
| Region | Wallonia |
| Province | Liège |
| Municipality | Clavier |


title: Venia

abstract: Venia is a monotypic genus of Kenyan sheet weavers containing the single species, Venia kakamega. It was first described by R. R. Seyfulina & R. Jocqué in 2009, and is only found in Kenya.

text:
# Venia

***Venia*** is a monotypic genus of Kenyan sheet weavers containing the single species, ***Venia kakamega***. It was first described by R. R. Seyfulina & R. Jocqué in 2009, and is only found in Kenya.

## InfoBox

| *Venia* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Linyphiidae |
| Genus: | *Venia*
Seyfulina & Jocqué, 2009 |
| Species: | ***V. kakamega*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Venia kakamega***
Seyfulina & Jocqué, 2009 | |
|


title: Lin Carter's Flashing Swords! 8

abstract: Lin Carter's Flashing Swords! #8 is an anthology of fantasy stories in the sword and sorcery subgenre, edited by Robert M. Price. It was first published in trade paperback and ebook by Cushing Publishing in December 2023.

text:
# Lin Carter's Flashing Swords! 8

***Lin Carter's Flashing Swords! #8*** is an anthology of fantasy stories in the sword and sorcery subgenre, edited by Robert M. Price. It was first published in trade paperback and ebook by Cushing Publishing in December 2023.

## Summary

The book collects eleven stories by eight authors, together with an introduction by the editor; the Hinkle piece is a graphic novella. The stories feature sword and sorcery protagonists Thongor of Valkarth, Simon of Gitta, Duar the Accursed, Ki-Gor, White Lord of the Jungle, Kothar of the Magic Sword, Boscastle the Huguenot swordsman, Elak of Atlantis, Tara of the Twilight, Ansell of the Dreamlands, Varla of Valkarth, and Tonga of Lost Lemuria. The Hinkle piece is a graphic novella.

## Contents

* "Introduction: The Past Returns with a Vengeance" (Robert M. Price)
* "A Witch King is Born" (Michael A. Turton)
* "The Love of the Sea" (Lin Carter) (from *Risque Stories* no. 2, October 1984)
* "Thongor on Callisto" (Robert M. Price)
* "Manticora" (Glynn Owen Barrass)
* "Dark Continent" (Wayne Judge)
* "The Garden of Xylom Phom" (Glen M. Usher)
* "The Tomb of the Titan" (Robert M. Price)
* "Black Snow" (Pierre Comtois)
* "Demon's Lover" (Wayne Judge)
* "The City Without Name" (Glen M. Usher)
* "Gladiator Days" (Clayton Hinkle)

## InfoBox

Lin Carter's Flashing Swords! #8
| Cover of first edition | |
| --- | --- |
| Editor | Robert M. Price |
| Language | English |
| Series | Flashing Swords! |
| Genre | Fantasy |
| Publisher | Cushing Publishing |
| Publication date | 2023 |
| Publication place | United States |
| Media type | Print (paperback) |
| Pages | 190 |
| ISBN | 979-8988957584 |
| Preceded by | *Lin Carter's Flashing Swords! #7* |


title: Xeoprosopa

abstract: Xeoprosopa is a genus of parasitic flies in the family Tachinidae. There is one described species in Xeoprosopa, X. uruhuasi.

text:
# Xeoprosopa

***Xeoprosopa*** is a genus of parasitic flies in the family Tachinidae. There is one described species in *Xeoprosopa*, *X. uruhuasi*.

## Further reading

## InfoBox

| *Xeoprosopa* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Tachinidae |
| Genus: | *Xeoprosopa*
Townsend, 1919 |
| Species: | ***X. uruhuasi*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Xeoprosopa uruhuasi***
Townsend, 1919 | |
|


title: São Mamede de Infesta e Senhora da Hora

abstract: São Mamede de Infesta e Senhora da Hora is a civil parish in the municipality of Matosinhos, Portugal. It was formed in 2013 by the merger of the former parishes São Mamede de Infesta and Senhora da Hora. The population in 2011 was 50,869, in an area of 8.78 km⁲.

text:
# São Mamede de Infesta e Senhora da Hora

**São Mamede de Infesta e Senhora da Hora** is a civil parish in the municipality of Matosinhos, Portugal. It was formed in 2013 by the merger of the former parishes São Mamede de Infesta and Senhora da Hora. The population in 2011 was 50,869, in an area of 8.78 km2.

## InfoBox

| São Mamede de Infesta e
Senhora da Hora | |
| --- | --- |
| Civil parish | |
| São Mamede de Infesta e
Senhora da HoraLocation in Portugal | |
| Coordinates: 41°11′N 8°37′W / 41.19°N 8.61°W / 41.19; -8.61 | |
| Country | Portugal |
| Region | Norte |
| Metropolitan area | Porto |
| District | Porto |
| Municipality | Matosinhos |
| Area | |
| Total | 8.78 km2 (3.39 sq mi) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 50,869 |
| Density | 5,800/km2 (15,000/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC±00:00 (WET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+01:00 (WEST) |


title: Leyte Provincial Capitol

abstract: The Leyte Provincial Capitol was the seat of government of the Philippine province of Leyte until 2019. The historic building situated in Tacloban also served as the temporary national capitol in 1944 to 1945 during the World War II era.

text:
# Leyte Provincial Capitol

The **Leyte Provincial Capitol** was the seat of government of the Philippine province of Leyte until 2019. The historic building situated in Tacloban also served as the temporary national capitol in 1944 to 1945 during the World War II era.

## History

The Leyte Provincial Capitol in Tacloban dates back to the American colonial administration. The construction of the building began on 1917 during the administration of then-Leyte Governor Salvador Demeterio and was completed and inaugurated in 1924 during the tenure of Leyte Governor Honorio López.

Antonio Mañalac Toledo designed the building in a neoclassical style, featuring a colonnade with two rows of ten Ionic columns. Sculptor Vidal Tampinco executed the ornamental details and reliefs. The capitol complex hosts a main structure with a legislative building behind it.

During the World War II era, the building sustained damage when the Imperial Japanese forces occupied the Philippines in the 1940s. The building also became the seat of the Philippine Commonwealth government from October 23, 1944, to February 27, 1945, as the Allied forces liberated the Philippine islands from Japanese control. Sergio Osmeña was sworn in as President by American general Douglas MacArthur inside the building.

The capitol underwent renovations in 1964 during the tenure of then-Leyte Governor Norberto Romualdez Jr.

During the administration of Leyte Governor Leopoldo Petilla, there were plans to move to seat of government of Leyte to Palo after Tacloban was elevated into a highly urbanized city. In 2013, the building was hit by storm surges caused by Typhoon Haiyan, which was locally known as Super Typhoon Yolanda in the Philippines. In 2015, Governor Petilla expressed plans to convert the building into a museum while still retaining the capitol as meeting place for dignitaries.

In May 2019, the provincial government of Leyte under the administration of Governor Leopoldo Petilla abandoned the capitol after it sustained further damages due to the magnitude 6.4 Visayas earthquake of April 23, 2019. Even if retrofitting has been made on the building the Leyte government decided to pursue its plans to build a new capitol in Palo and convert the original capitol into a museum.

It has been declared a National Historical Landmark

## InfoBox

| Leyte Provincial Capitol | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
|  | |
| General information | |
| Architectural style | Neoclassical |
| Town or city | Tacloban |
| Country | Philippines |
| Coordinates | 11°15′02″N 125°00′14″E / 11.25046°N 125.00385°E / 11.25046; 125.00385 |
| Construction started | 1917 |
| Completed | 1924 |
| Renovated | 1964, 2019 |
| Owner | Provincial Government of Leyte |
| Design and construction | |
| Architect(s) | Antonio Mañalac Toledo |
|  | |
| National Historical Landmarks | |
| Official name | Capitol Building of the Philippines, 1944–1945 |
| Designated | 1950 |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Trnava (Zlín District)

abstract: Trnava is a municipality and village in Zlín District in the Zlín Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,200 inhabitants. Trnava lies approximately 16 kilometres (10 mi) north-east of Zlín and 262 km (163 mi) east of Prague.

text:
# Trnava (Zlín District)

**Trnava** is a municipality and village in Zlín District in the Zlín Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,200 inhabitants.

Trnava lies approximately 16 kilometres (10 mi) north-east of Zlín and 262 km (163 mi) east of Prague.

## Demographics

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1869 | 1,055 |  |
| 1880 | 1,079 | +2.3% |
| 1890 | 1,116 | +3.4% |
| 1900 | 1,179 | +5.6% |
| 1910 | 1,168 | −0.9% |
| 1921 | 1,192 | +2.1% |
| 1930 | 1,116 | −6.4% |
| 1950 | 1,201 | +7.6% |
| 1961 | 1,397 | +16.3% |
| 1970 | 1,305 | −6.6% |
| 1980 | 1,202 | −7.9% |
| 1991 | 1,145 | −4.7% |
| 2001 | 1,141 | −0.3% |
| 2011 | 1,124 | −1.5% |
| 2021 | 1,133 | +0.8% |
| Source: Censuses | | |

## InfoBox

| Trnava | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Centre of Trnava | |
|  | |
| TrnavaLocation in the Czech Republic | |
| Coordinates: 49°17′46″N 17°50′31″E / 49.29611°N 17.84194°E / 49.29611; 17.84194 | |
| Country | Czech Republic |
| Region | Zlín |
| District | Zlín |
| First mentioned | 1368 |
| Area | |
| Total | 18.83 km2 (7.27 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 341 m (1,119 ft) |
| Population (2024-01-01) | |
| Total | 1,193 |
| Density | 63/km2 (160/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 763 18 |
| Website | www.trnava.cz |


title: Little Tough Guy

abstract: Little Tough Guy is a 1938 American crime film that starred several of the Dead End Kids. In the follow-up films, the studio began using the group name The Little Tough Guys, and later The Dead End Kids and Little Tough Guys. This was the first of several films and serials that Universal made using several of the "Kids", whom they borrowed from Warner Bros. Little Tough Guy is in the public domain.

text:
# Little Tough Guy

***Little Tough Guy*** is a 1938 American crime film that starred several of the *Dead End Kids*. In the follow-up films, the studio began using the group name *The Little Tough Guys*, and later *The Dead End Kids and Little Tough Guys*. This was the first of several films and serials that Universal made using several of the "Kids", whom they borrowed from Warner Bros.

*Little Tough Guy* is in the public domain.

## Plot

Johnny Boylan's father was sentenced to death for a crime that he was never fully proven to have committed. He and his family move to a poorer section of the East Side in New York City. His sister, Kay dances in a burlesque theater after she is fired from her job. Her former fiancé, Paul Wilson, still cares for and wants to help her, but she avoids him out of shame.

Johnny tries to enlist his fellow newsboy friends to help prove his father's innocence. They try to convince the judge, but are unsuccessful. In frustration, Johnny tosses a brick through the judge's car window, which begins his life of crime. He enlists his friend "Pig" to help him rob a drugstore. They are subsequently chased by the police and hide out. The cops find them and Pig begs Johnny to surrender. Pig leaves the store and is shot dead by police. Johnny is captured and sent to reform school.

## Cast

## Home media

The film was released on DVD on July 22, 2003.

## InfoBox

| Little Tough Guy | |
| --- | --- |
| theatrical re-release poster | |
| Directed by | Harold Young |
| Screenplay by | Gilson Brown
Brenda Weisberg |
| Story by | Brenda Weisberg |
| Produced by | Ken Goldsmith |
| Starring | Little Tough Guys |
| Cinematography | Elwood Bredell |
| Edited by | Philip Cahn |
| Music by | Charles Previn |
| Production
company | Universal Pictures |
| Distributed by | Universal Pictures |
| Release date | * July 22, 1938 (1938-07-22) (U.S.) |
| Running time | 86 minutes |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |


title: Pastry (DHT)

abstract: Pastry is an overlay network and routing network for the implementation of a distributed hash table (DHT) similar to Chord. The key–value pairs are stored in a redundant peer-to-peer network of connected Internet hosts. The protocol is bootstrapped by supplying it with the IP address of a peer already in the network and from then on via the routing table which is dynamically built and repaired. It is claimed that because of its redundant and decentralized nature there is no single point of failure and any single node can leave the network at any time without warning and with little or no chance of data loss. The protocol is also capable of using a routing metric supplied by an outside program, such as ping or traceroute, to determine the best routes to store in its routing table.

text:
# Pastry (DHT)

**Pastry** is an overlay network and routing network for the implementation of a distributed hash table (DHT) similar to Chord. The key–value pairs are stored in a redundant peer-to-peer network of connected Internet hosts. The protocol is bootstrapped by supplying it with the IP address of a peer already in the network and from then on via the routing table which is dynamically built and repaired. It is claimed that because of its redundant and decentralized nature there is no single point of failure and any single node can leave the network at any time without warning and with little or no chance of data loss. The protocol is also capable of using a routing metric supplied by an outside program, such as ping or traceroute, to determine the best routes to store in its routing table.

## Overview

Although the distributed hash table functionality of Pastry is almost identical to other DHTs, what sets it apart is the routing overlay network built on top of the DHT concept. This allows Pastry to realize the scalability and fault tolerance of other networks, while reducing the overall cost of routing a packet from one node to another by avoiding the need to flood packets. Because the routing metric is supplied by an external program based on the IP address of the target node, the metric can be easily switched to shortest hop count, lowest latency, highest bandwidth, or even a general combination of metrics.

The hash table's key-space is taken to be circular, like the key-space in the Chord system, and node IDs are 128-bit unsigned integers representing position in the circular key-space. Node IDs are chosen randomly and uniformly so peers who are adjacent in node ID are geographically diverse. The routing overlay network is formed on top of the hash table by each peer discovering and exchanging state information consisting of a list of leaf nodes, a neighborhood list, and a routing table. The leaf node list consists of the *L*/2 closest peers by node ID in each direction around the circle.

In addition to the leaf nodes there is also the neighborhood list. This represents the *M* closest peers in terms of the routing metric. Although it is not used directly in the routing algorithm, the neighborhood list is used for maintaining locality principles in the routing table.

Finally there is the routing table itself. It contains one entry for each address block assigned to it. To form the address blocks, the 128-bit key is divided up into digits with each digit being *b* bits long, yielding a numbering system with base 2<sup>*b*</sup>. This partitions the addresses into distinct levels from the viewpoint of the client, with level 0 representing a zero-digit common prefix between two addresses, level 1 a one-digit common prefix, and so on. The routing table contains the address of the closest known peer for each possible digit at each address level, except for the digit that belongs to the peer itself at that particular level. This results in the storage of $2^{b}-1$ contacts per level, with the number of levels scaling as $(\log \_{2}{N})/b$. Values of $b\approx 4,L\approx 2^{b}$ and $M\approx 2^{b}$ represent operating values on a typical network.

## Routing

A packet can be routed to any address in the keyspace whether there is a peer with that node ID or not. The packet is routed toward its proper place on the circular ring and the peer whose node ID is closest to the desired destination will receive the packet. Whenever a peer receives a packet to route or wants to send a packet it first examines its leaf set and routes directly to the correct node if one is found. If this fails, the peer next consults its routing table with the goal of finding the address of a node which shares a longer prefix with the destination address than the peer itself. If the peer does not have any contacts with a longer prefix or the contact has died it will pick a peer from its contact list with the same length prefix whose node ID is numerically closer to the destination and send the packet to that peer. Since the number of correct digits in the address always either increases or stays the same  and if it stays the same the distance between the packet and its destination grows smaller  the routing protocol converges.

## Applications built on Pastry

Pastry itself specifies how keys are distributed among the nodes and how the node responsible for holding a key can be found. Using this as a substrate for a higher protocol enables Pastry to implement functionality such as a distributed file system, a subscription and publishing system, or any other system which can be reduced to storing values and retrieving them later.

### PAST

PAST is a distributed file system layered on top of Pastry. A file is stored into the system by computing the hash of its filename. Then Pastry routes the contents of the file to the node in the circular keyspace closest to the hash obtained from the filename. This node will then send copies of the file to the *k* nodes nearest the actual key, most of which are likely to be leaf nodes of this node and thus directly reachable. Retrieval of data is accomplished by rehashing the file name and routing a request for the data over Pastry to the proper place in the keyspace. The request can be fulfilled by any of the *k* nodes that have copies of the data. This accomplishes both data redundancy and load distribution. Since adjacent nodes in the keyspace are geographically diverse the odds that all *k* of them will go offline at the same time is very small. More importantly, since the Pastry routing protocol seeks to minimize the distance traveled, the nearest node to the machine that made the request (according to the metric) is likely to be the one that responds with the data.

### SCRIBE

SCRIBE is a decentralized publish/subscribe system that uses Pastry for its underlying route management and host lookup. Users create topics to which other users can subscribe. Once the topic has been created, the owner of the topic can publish new entries under the topic which will be distributed in a multicast tree to all of the SCRIBE nodes that have subscribed to the topic. The system works by computing the hash of the topic name concatenated with the name of the user who owns the topic. This hash is then used as a Pastry key, and the publisher then routes packets to the node closest to the key using Pastry's routing protocol to create the root node of the topic on that node. People then subscribe to the topic by computing the key from the topic and publisher's name and then using Pastry to route a subscribe message to the topic towards the root node. When the root node receives the subscribe message from another node it adds the node ID to its list of children and begins acting as a forwarder of the topic.

Decentralization is accomplished through having all nodes in the network snoop on subscribe messages going past them on their way to the topic's root node. If the topic is one to which the current node subscribes, it will stop forwarding the packet toward the root node and add the node trying to subscribe as one of its children. In this way a treelike structure is formed with the root node at the top sending out to the first few subscriber nodes and then each of these nodes forwarding the messages on to their children, and so on. Because packets from random nodes on the Pastry network destined for the same node often end up traveling along the same path very soon in their journey, they end up attaching to whatever part of the tree is nearest to them in the Pastry network. Since each hop along a pastry route represents what is locally the best route according to the routing metric in use, the subscribe message seeks out the closest portion of the tree and attaches itself there.

Finally fault tolerance among members of the distribution tree is accomplished through the use of timeouts and keepalives with actual data transmissions doubling as keepalives to minimize traffic. If a child node does not hear from its parent for a while, it routes a new subscribe message toward the root node of the tree, reattaching itself wherever it bumps into the tree for that topic. If a parent doesn't hear from a child for a timeout period, it drops the child from its list of children. (If this action causes its child list to become empty, the parent stops acting as a forwarder altogether.) The only remaining failure point is that of the root node, and Pastry itself automatically overcomes this. Because Pastry duplicates keys among the few nodes closest to the key's actual value, the root node already has mirrors set up, lying dormant. If the root node goes offline, again detected through timeouts, the next-closest Pastry node will begin acting as the root node. When the creator of the topic tries to publish new material the old root node will be unreachable. The publisher will then fall back on the Pastry network and use it to route its publish message to the new root node. Once this has been done, the publisher caches a copy of the new root node's IP address to reduce the use of the Pastry network for future transmissions.

* A. Rowstron & P. Druschel (Nov 2001). "Pastry: Scalable, decentralized object location and routing for large-scale peer-to-peer systems" (PDF). *IFIP/ACM International Conference on Distributed Systems Platforms (Middleware), Heidelberg, Germany*: 329–350.
* A. Rowstron; A-M. Kermarrec; M. Castro & P. Druschel (Nov 2001). "SCRIBE: The design of a large-scale event notification infrastructure" (PDF). *NGC2001 UCL London*.


title: On the Aire

abstract: On the Aire is a local television news and current affairs programme, serving Leeds and surrounding areas. Produced by Made in Leeds, the programme was produced and broadcast from studios at the Leeds Media Centre in the Chapeltown area of the city.

text:
# On the Aire

***On the Aire*** is a local television news and current affairs programme, serving Leeds and surrounding areas. Produced by Made in Leeds, the programme was produced and broadcast from studios at the Leeds Media Centre in the Chapeltown area of the city.

## Overview

First broadcast on the opening night of local TV station Made in Leeds, *On the Aire* focused exclusively on local news stories from Leeds and the surrounding areas, as opposed to the broader regional news services provided by BBC Yorkshire and ITV Yorkshire.

The programme was first presented by Jason Thornton, and later, Mark Kielesz-Levine. Reporters and video journalists included Peter McNerney, Matt Millington, Joe Robinson, Andy Seddon and Kristian Johnson.

*On The Aire* was one of the first local news programmes to mount live outside broadcast specials, including coverage of the murder of Batley and Spen MP Jo Cox, the Leeds 2016 Olympic and Paralympic parade and from Manchester after the Manchester Arena bombing.

In November 2017, following a restructuring of the Made Television network's operations, *On the Aire* was axed and news production for all of Made's local stations was centralised at the Leeds studios. The station produced *Made TV News*, combining local and national news stories but the programme was axed in February 2018.

Made in Leeds now airs *Yorkshire Live*, a rolling block of pre-recorded news, sport and features produced by local videojournalists.

## Awards

In June 2016, *On the Aire* won Best News Report at the Royal Television Society's Yorkshire Awards for its coverage of Christmas flooding in Leeds. The programme was also nominated for News Programme of the Year, while reporters Mark Kielesz-Levine and Matt Millington were nominated for Reporter of the Year.

In June 2017, *On The Aire* was again nominated at the Royal Television Society's Yorkshire Awards for Best News or Current Affairs Story on its coverage of the murder of Jo Cox MP, whilst Mark Kielesz-Levine and Joe Robinson were nominated in the category of Best News or Current Affairs Reporter. Kielesz-Levine won the Reporter of the Year award the following month.

## InfoBox

| *On the Aire* | |
| --- | --- |
| Also known as | 'Weekend On the Aire' |
| Genre | Local news |
| Country of origin | England, United Kingdom |
| Original language | English |
| Production | |
| Production locations | Leeds Media & Broadcasting Centre, Chapeltown, Leeds |
| Camera setup | Multi-camera |
| Running time | 30 minutes |
| Production company | Made Television |
| Original release | |
| Network | Made in Leeds |
| Release | 6 November 2014 (2014-11-06)
17 November 2017 (2017-11-17) |
| Related | |
| *BBC Look North*
*ITV News Calendar* | |


title: Pajaro Valley Historical Association

abstract: Pajaro Valley Historical Association (PVHA) is a historical association founded in 1940 dedicated to preserving the history and notable artifacts of the Pajaro Valley in Central California. It is housed in the Godfrey M. Bockius House and manages the Volck Museum and Alzora Snyder Archive.

text:
# Pajaro Valley Historical Association

**Pajaro Valley Historical Association** (PVHA) is a historical association founded in 1940 dedicated to preserving the history and notable artifacts of the Pajaro Valley in Central California. It is housed in the Godfrey M. Bockius House and manages the Volck Museum and Alzora Snyder Archive.

## History

The PVHA was founded in 1940 by the local chapter of the Native Sons of the Golden West encouraged by the Watsonville Woman's Club. The PVHA incorporated in 1956. In 1964, Helen Haynes Volck Tucker donated her home to the group to be used as a museum, which was dedicated on July 4, 1965. The Godfrey M. Bockius House was donated in 1993 by Zoe Ann Orr Marcus to the association, and it moved into that location in 1997.

Over the years, the PVHA has played a role in promoting as well as preserving the history of the region. In 1955 the Pajaro Valley Historical Association erected a monument on Charley Parkhurst's grave site.

## Current assets

In addition to managing the Bockius-Orr house, the PVHA oversees the Alzora Snyder Archive, housing over 75,000 photos, maps and historical artifacts relevant to the region.the Volck Museum was previously the home of the PVHA, but was sold after the move to the Bokius-Orr house.http://www.pajarovalleyhistory.org/about-pvha/who-we-are/volck-museum

The archive houses special collections including some original source material for the following historians and persons of note:


title: Marsteinen (newspaper)

abstract: Marsteinen is a local Norwegian newspaper published in Austevoll in Vestland county. Marsteinen was launched in 1978 and is issued once a week, on Thursdays. The newspaper's offices are located in Storebø. Trond Hagenes has served as the paper's editor since 2006. The newspaper was named after the Marstein Lighthouse, which stands in the northwest part of the municipality.

text:
# Marsteinen (newspaper)

***Marsteinen*** is a local Norwegian newspaper published in Austevoll in Vestland county.

*Marsteinen* was launched in 1978 and is issued once a week, on Thursdays. The newspaper's offices are located in Storebø. Trond Hagenes has served as the paper's editor since 2006. The newspaper was named after the Marstein Lighthouse, which stands in the northwest part of the municipality.

## Circulation

According to the Norwegian Audit Bureau of Circulations and National Association of Local Newspapers, *Marsteinen* has had the following annual circulation:

* 2004: 2,373
* 2005: 2,468
* 2006: 2,286
* 2007: 2,402
* 2008: 2,307
* 2009: 2,344
* 2010: 2,365
* 2011: 2,368
* 2012: 2,367
* 2013: 2,349
* 2014: 2,329
* 2015: 2,261
* 2016: 2,162

## InfoBox

Marsteinen
| Type | Local newspaper |
| --- | --- |
| Founded | 1978 (1978) |
| Language | Norwegian |
| Headquarters | Storebø |


title: Lisa Daggs

abstract: Lisa Daggs is an American multi-award-winning Christian music singer-songwriter, producer and author based in Springfield, Tennessee. She was born in Los Angeles, California, and was raised in Sacramento by her mother after her parents were divorced when she was ten. Trying to deal with the pressures of her teenage years and her parents' divorce, she eventually tried to ease her pain by medicating herself with drugs and alcohol. Lisa is now an accomplished, singer, song writer, producer, author, public speaker and the President of Serenity Records. Lisa has garnered 26 radio #1 hits and many awards throughout her career. She continues to receive accolades as an artist, author and producer.

text:
# Lisa Daggs

**Lisa Daggs** is an American multi-award-winning Christian music singer-songwriter, producer and author based in Springfield, Tennessee.

She was born in Los Angeles, California, and was raised in Sacramento by her mother after her parents were divorced when she was ten. Trying to deal with the pressures of her teenage years and her parents' divorce, she eventually tried to ease her pain by medicating herself with drugs and alcohol. Lisa is now an accomplished, singer, song writer, producer, author, public speaker and the President of Serenity Records. Lisa has garnered 26 radio #1 hits and many awards throughout her career. She continues to receive accolades as an artist, author and producer.

## Music career

Daggs launched her career by moving to Nashville where she worked as a studio vocalist and sang in numerous showcases for local Nashville songwriters. After a stint at performing in mainstream venues, she began touring with evangelist Lowell Lundstrom. In 1991, Daggs recorded her debut CD, *Who Are You*, which launched her career.

"Walls" and "Leave Your Bags at the Door," the first singles from Daggs album, *Angel in Your Eyes*, hit charts in top ten publications such as *Music City News*, *The Gospel Voice*, *Clear Country* and *Christian Country Research Bulletin*. "I Wanna Thank You," the album's third release, was Daggs' first No. 1 radio charting single. Lisa Daggs went on to top the charts with 17 No. 1 radio singles. Lisa along with her daughter, Faith Charette were a part of the Gaither "Women of Homecoming" video and recording. To date their single, "You Are My Ministry" has had over 750,000 views worldwide.

Her most recent work, "Christmas From My Heart" saw one single released in 2017 and will be fully released in the fall of 2018. 'Regardless" released in the fall of 2016 has seen both singles reach number 1 on the Nashville charts. The album is garnering much attention as her best work to date. "Well Worn" the self penned song about her mother Ilene, raced up the charts to number one, once again displaying the appeal Lisa Daggs has to her beloved fans. Recently Lisa Daggs stepped into the producer's chair to create "That's What I Do" for her husband, band member, songwriter and evangelist, Ronnie Horton who has seen increased exposure and enormous acceptance from fans as he performs his old school Country Gospel tunes. Reminiscent of Kenny Hinson, Ronnie has wowed audiences across the nation with his range and anointed songs. The project has seen all three releases, "For You and Me", "Unclouded Day" and "Call on Jesus" hit the top 10 on the Powersource Nashville Chart.

Lisa was awarded Inspirational Country Music Association's the "Entertainer of the Year" on the stage of the Grand Ole Opry by her long time friend Jason Crabb in April 2017, was nominated for a GMA Dove Award and is under contract for a Salem Publishing book detailing her life which is due out in October 2019. The book will be distributed through Amazon and will be marketed through Salem Media Group, Regnery Publishing.

## Radio

Daggs hosted a radio show entitled "Reality Check" which aired on Salem Media Group's 103.9 The Fish every Sunday at 7 pm. Reality Check featured "Recovery Talk on the Radio", a faith-based recovery program which is still available via podcast located on Lisa's website at www.lisadaggs.net

## Television appearances

Daggs has made several appearances on the Bill Gaither Homecoming Video series. She has appeared on several mainstream television shows such as *Prime Time Country* and *The 700 Club*. Lisa recently opened the televised awards show for ICMA from the TBN stage in Nashville with her song, "Forgiveness Is A Powerful Thing" to rave reviews.

## Awards

As a vocal performance artist Daggs has been honored with numerous awards, including The Gospel Voice's Diamond Award for "Country Artist of the Year" (other nominees included Charlie Daniels, Ricky Skaggs, Marty Raybon and LeAnn Rimes). She received the Christian Country Music Association's "Entertainer of the Year" and "New Artist of the Year" honors, while also being named "The Brightest Newcomer to the Scene" by the Christian Country Research Bulletin. In 2009 Daggs was among several artists to receive the Gospel Music Association's Dove Award nomination for Bill Gaither's Special Event album. Lisa was nominated for the 2016 ICMA Living Legends Award.

https://www.fastpeoplesearch.com/lisa-daggs\_id\_G-2053859377966200946

## InfoBox

| Lisa Daggs | |
| --- | --- |
| Origin | California, US |
| Genres | Gospel music, Christian country |
| Occupation(s) | Christian music singer, songwriter |
| Instrument | Guitar |
| Years active | 1991  present |
| Labels | Indy |


title: Yalutorovsky Uyezd

abstract: Yalutorovsky Uyezd was one of the subdivisions of the Tobolsk Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the southwestern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Yalutorovsk.

text:
# Yalutorovsky Uyezd

**Yalutorovsky Uyezd** (*Ялуторовский уезд*) was one of the subdivisions of the Tobolsk Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the southwestern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Yalutorovsk.

## Demographics

At the time of the Russian Empire Census of 1897, Yalutorovsky Uyezd had a population of 188,450. Of these, 94.8% spoke Russian, 2.9% Siberian Tatar, 1.3% Komi-Zyrian, 0.5% Ukrainian, 0.2% Polish, 0.1% Romani and 0.1% Yiddish as their native language.


title: Syzygium fergusoni

abstract: Syzygium fergusoni is a species of plant in the family Myrtaceae. It is endemic to Sri Lanka.

text:
# Syzygium fergusoni

***Syzygium fergusoni*** is a species of plant in the family Myrtaceae. It is endemic to Sri Lanka.

## InfoBox

| *Syzygium fergusoni* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Conservation status | |
|
Endangered  (IUCN 2.3) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Eudicots |
| *Clade*: | Rosids |
| Order: | Myrtales |
| Family: | Myrtaceae |
| Genus: | *Syzygium* |
| Species: | ***S. fergusoni*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Syzygium fergusoni***
Gamble | |
|


title: Onidistus araneus

abstract: Onidistus araneus is a species of weevil in the beetle family Curculionidae. It is found in eastern Australia.

text:
# Onidistus araneus

***Onidistus araneus*** is a species of weevil in the beetle family Curculionidae. It is found in eastern Australia.

## InfoBox

| *Onidistus araneus* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| In Australia | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Curculionidae |
| Genus: | *Onidistus* |
| Species: | ***O. araneus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Onidistus araneus***<br>Pascoe, 1870 | |
|
| Synonyms | |
| * *Onidistus odiosus* Pascoe, 1870 | |


title: Leyti

abstract: Leyti is a village and the least populous municipality in the Davachi Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 140.

text:
# Leyti

**Leyti** (also, **Ashagy-Gendob**, **Löyti**, and **Leyty**) is a village and the least populous municipality in the Davachi Rayon of Azerbaijan. It has a population of 140.

## InfoBox

| Leyti | |
| --- | --- |
| Municipality | |
| Leyti | |
| Coordinates: 41°14′07″N 48°50′42″E / 41.23528°N 48.84500°E / 41.23528; 48.84500 | |
| Country | Azerbaijan |
| Rayon | Davachi |
| Population | |
| Total | 140 |
| Time zone | UTC+4 (AZT) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+5 (AZT) |


title: Trnava (Čačak)

abstract: Trnava is a small town in the municipality of Čačak, Serbia. According to the 2011 census, the town has a population of 2,913 people.

text:
# Trnava (Čačak)

**Trnava** is a small town in the municipality of Čačak, Serbia. According to the 2011 census, the town has a population of 2,913 people.

43°51′16″N 20°23′17″E / 43.85444°N 20.38806°E / 43.85444; 20.38806

## InfoBox

| Trnava Трнава | |
| --- | --- |
| Town | |
| Trnava | |
| Coordinates: 43°51′16″N 20°23′17″E / 43.85444°N 20.38806°E / 43.85444; 20.38806 | |
| Country | Serbia |
| District | Moravica District |
| Municipality | Čačak |
| Area | |
| Total | 15.40 km2 (5.95 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 589 m (1,932 ft) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 2,913 |
| Density | 190/km2 (490/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |


title: Little Town (song)

abstract: "Little Town" is a new arrangement of the traditional Christmas carol "O Little Town of Bethlehem" by English singer-songwriter Chris Eaton. Eaton adapted the lyrics to a new melody he composed in a contemporary Christmas music style. It was first recorded by English singer Cliff Richard and released as a single in the UK for the 1982 Christmas season, reaching number 11 on the UK Singles Chart. In the US, the better known version is the rendition by renowned CCM artist Amy Grant, who included it on her 1983 album A Christmas Album.

text:
# Little Town (song)

"**Little Town**" is a new arrangement of the traditional Christmas carol "O Little Town of Bethlehem" by English singer-songwriter Chris Eaton. Eaton adapted the lyrics (with some rearrangement of parts of verses) to a new melody he composed in a contemporary Christmas music style. It was first recorded by English singer Cliff Richard and released as a single in the UK for the 1982 Christmas season, reaching number 11 on the UK Singles Chart.

In the US, the better known version is the rendition by renowned CCM artist Amy Grant, who included it on her 1983 album *A Christmas Album*.

## Cliff Richard original

"Little Town" was released in November 1982 as the third single from Richard's 1982 studio album *Now You See Me, Now You Don't*. It peaked at number 11 for two weeks on the UK Singles Chart over the Christmas week and the following week. The recording featured singer and vocal arranger Tony Rivers and countertenor Nigel Perrin.

### Personnel

As per the album liner notes:

* Cliff Richard – lead vocal, backing vocals
* Tony Rivers – backing vocals, vocal arrangement
* Nigel Perrin – backing vocals, countertenor solo vocal
* Martyn Ford – orchestra conductor
* Craig Pruess – orchestral arrangement, piano, synthesizers, sequencers, electronic percussion, sleigh bells
* Graham Jarvis – drums
* Orchestra:
    + Dave Arnold – Timpani, chimes
    + John Wilbraham – trumpet
    + Crispian Steele-Perkins – trumpet
    + Paul Cosh – trumpet
    + Ted Hobart – trumpet
    + Michael Laird – trumpet
    + Gerry Ruddock – trumpet
    + Mark Emney – trumpet
    + Simon Ferguson – trumpet
    + Jeff Bryant – French horn
    + John Pigneevy – French horn
    + Chris Larkin – French horn
    + John Rooke – French horn
    + Robin Davies – French horn
    + Phillip Eastop – French horn
    + Geoff Perkins – bass trombone
    + Steve Saunders – bass trombone
    + John Iveson – tenor trombone
    + Dave Purser – tenor trombone
    + Michael Hext – tenor trombone
    + David Whitson – tenor trombone
    + Paul Beer – tenor trombone
    + Roger Brenner – tenor trombone
    + Ian Anderson – double bass
    + Michael Brittain – double bass
    + Chris Laurence – double bass

### Chart performance

| Chart (1982) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders) | 40 |
| Ireland (IRMA) | 11 |
| UK Singles (OCC) | 11 |

### Release

The song was first released on 30 August 1982 on Richard's studio album *Now You See Me, Now You Don't*. The single was released in the UK on the 15 November 1982 in the standard 7-inch vinyl format with picture cover, and also as a 7-inch picture disc variant. On the B-side were "Love and a Helping Hand" and "You, Me and Jesus", except in the US/Canada, where "Be in My Heart" (from the album) was used instead.

In 1988, the song was included on Richard's compilation album *Private Collection: 1979–1988* and as an extra B-side on the 12-inch and CD single of his UK Christmas hit "Mistletoe and Wine".

A remixed version of the song with additional instrumentation was included on Richard's 1991 and 2003 Christmas albums *Together with Cliff Richard* and *Cliff at Christmas*. The song has also been included on some compilation box sets, *The Singles Collection* (2002) and *...And They Said it Wouldn't Last* (2008).

## Amy Grant version

In 1983, CCM artist Amy Grant recorded a slightly more upbeat version of the song on her Christmas album, *A Christmas Album*.

## InfoBox

| "Little Town" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Cliff Richard | |
| from the album  *Now You See Me, Now You Don't* | |
| B-side | * "Love and a Helping Hand" * "You, Me and Jesus" |
| Released | 15 November 1982 (1982-11-15) |
| Recorded | * September 1981 * January 1982 * 25–26 March 82 (Orchestra) |
| Studio |  |
| Genre | Christmas carol |
| Length | 4:08 |
| Label | EMI |
| Composer(s) | Chris Eaton |
| Lyricist(s) | Phillips Brooks |
| Producer(s) | Cliff Richard, Craig Pruess |
| Cliff Richard singles chronology | |
| "Where Do We Go from Here"
(1982) "**Little Town**"
(1982) "She Means Nothing to Me"
(1983) | |


title: Patrzyków, Łódź Voivodeship

abstract: Patrzyków is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pajęczno, within Pajęczno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) south of Pajęczno and 85 km (53 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

text:
# Patrzyków, Łódź Voivodeship

**Patrzyków** \[paˈtʂɨkuf\] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pajęczno, within Pajęczno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) south of Pajęczno and 85 km (53 mi) south of the regional capital Łódź.

## InfoBox

| Patrzyków | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Patrzyków | |
| Coordinates: 51°4′N 19°3′E / 51.067°N 19.050°E / 51.067; 19.050 | |
| Country | Poland |
| Voivodeship | Łódź |
| County | Pajęczno |
| Gmina | Pajęczno |


title: Linton Andrews

abstract: Sir William Linton Andrews was a British journalist and newspaper editor.

text:
# Linton Andrews

**Sir William Linton Andrews** (27 May 1886 – 27 September 1972) was a British journalist and newspaper editor.

## Early life

Andrews was born in Kingston upon Hull on 27 May 1886. He was the son of William Andrews and Jeanie Leslie Andrews. He was educated at Hull Grammar School. He was married to Gertrude Douglas. He died on 27 September 1972, aged 86.

## Career

Andrews served as a subaltern in World War I with the Black Watch. He recounted his experiences in the J. A. Hammerton *Great War* book series *I Was There*.

His first stint of journalism was for the *Sheffield Telegraph*. He worked as a journalist for a number of local newspapers. He became editor of the *Leeds Mercury* from 1923 until it merged with the *Yorkshire Post* in 1939. He then succeeded Arthur Mann as editor of the Yorkshire Post.

## Distinctions

Andrews was a president of the Guild of British Newspaper Editors. He was also a founder member of the Press Council, and served as its chairman between 1955 and 1959.

Andrews was knighted in 1954.


title: Yamato Sylphid

abstract: Yamato Sylphid Yamato Sylphid is a women's football club based in Yamato, Kanagawa. They currently play in Nadeshiko League, Japan's second tier of women's league football.

text:
# Yamato Sylphid

**Yamato Sylphid** (大和シルフィード, *Yamato Shirufīdo*) is a women's football club based in Yamato, Kanagawa. They currently play in Nadeshiko League, Japan's second tier of women's league football.

## Squad

### Current squad

*As of 15 January 2023.*

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

| No. Pos. Nation Player  1 GK  JPN Mayu Mizuguchi  2 DF  JPN Miku Shirai  3 DF  JPN Mizuki Fujiwara  4 DF  JPN Yukiko Shimamura  7 MF  JPN Yukiko Sue  8 MF  JPN Marin Hamamoto  9 MF  JPN Nagisa Matsuura  11 FW  JPN Yoshin Hori  13 MF  JPN Ai Hasegawa  14 MF  JPN Yui Yamane  15 DF  JPN Mayu Ando  16 GK  JPN Mina Akiba  17 MF  JPN Mai Endo  18 MF  JPN Rika Kojima | No. Pos. Nation Player  19 DF  JPN Sayaka Morimoto  20 MF  JPN Kiyoka Genseki  21 GK  JPN Yuka Imai  22 MF  JPN Aya Murayama  23 DF  JPN Sujaku Haga  24 MF  JPN Momoko Fujihara  25 MF  JPN Natsuha Hayakari  26 MF  JPN Ayano Ogawa  27 MF  JPN Kaho Sugiura  28 MF  JPN Nanami Kai  29 MF  JPN Suzune Kajii  31 GK  JPN Eiri Takahara  32 MF  JPN Haruna Noda  34 MF  JPN Momoko Nebu  35 MF  JPN Shiho Shimoyamada |
| --- | --- |

## Results

| **Season** | **Domestic League** | | | | **National Cup** | **League Cup** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | League | Level | Place | Tms. | | |
| 2006 | Kanagawa
Div.1 | 5 | 2nd | 8 | DNQ | - |
| 2007 | | | **1st** | 8 | DNQ | - |
| 2008 | | | 2nd | 8 | DNQ | - |
| 2009 | | | 4th | 8 | DNQ | - |
| 2010 | | | 5th | 9 | DNQ | - |
| 2011 | | | 5th | 10 | DNQ | - |
| 2012 | | | 4th | 10 | DNQ | - |
| 2013 | | | 6th | 10 | DNQ | - |
| 2014 | | | 5th | 7 | DNQ | - |
| 2015 | Challenge(East) | 3 | 4th | 6 | 2nd Stage | - |
| 2016 | Challenge | | 2nd | 12 | DNQ | - |
| 2017 | | | 3rd | 12 | 1st Stage | - |
| 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |

## Transition of team name

* **Yamato Sylphid 1998** : 1998 – 2013
* **Yamato Sylphid** : 2014 – Present

## InfoBox

Yamato Sylphid
大和シルフィード
| Full name | Yamato Sylphid |
| --- | --- |
| Nickname(s) | Sylphid |
| Founded | 1998 |
| Ground | Hodogaya Soccer Field |
| Capacity | 2,000 |
| Manager | Miyuki Sato |
| League | Nadeshiko League Div. 1 |
| 2022 | Nadeshiko League Div. 2, 3rd
(promoted) |
| Website | Club website |


title: Vassens

abstract: Vassens is a commune in the Aisne department in Hauts-de-France in northern France near the town of Laon.

text:
# Vassens

**Vassens** (French pronunciation: \[vasɑ̃\]) is a commune in the Aisne department in Hauts-de-France in northern France near the town of Laon.

## Geography

The commune with the districts of Le Mesnil, Vézin and Le Pont is located at the Ru de Vassens stream and on the border with the Département of Oise between Noyon and Soissons. Neighboring communes are Blérancourt and Saint-Aubin in the north, Selens in the north-east, Morsain in the east, Autrêches (which is located in the Département Oise) in the south Audignicourt in the west.

## Places of interest

* The church

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1962 | 169 |  |
| 1968 | 138 | −18.3% |
| 1975 | 110 | −20.3% |
| 1982 | 91 | −17.3% |
| 1990 | 105 | +15.4% |
| 1999 | 126 | +20.0% |
| 2008 | 169 | +34.1% |

## InfoBox

| Vassens | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| War memorial | |
| Location of Vassens | |
| VassensVassens | |
| Coordinates: 49°28′07″N 3°09′16″E / 49.4686°N 3.1544°E / 49.4686; 3.1544 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Hauts-de-France |
| Department | Aisne |
| Arrondissement | Soissons |
| Canton | Vic-sur-Aisne |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Patrick Thiel |
| Area**1** | 9.87 km2 (3.81 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 160 |
| Density | 16/km2 (42/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 02762 /02290 |
| Elevation | 59–156 m (194–512 ft)
(avg. 80 m or 260 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Szun Waves

abstract: Szun Waves is a British band composed of electronic producer Luke Abbott, Laurence Pike of PVT on drums and Jack Wyllie of Portico Quartet on saxophone. The band combines elements of spiritual and experimental jazz with electronic music. Their debut album At Sacred Walls was released in 2016. In August 2018 they released the follow-up, New Hymn To Freedom. The group's debut album At Sacred Walls was recorded at the studio of British electronic artist James Holden, from which the album takes its name. The album was released on Buffalo Temple records, a label run by Abbott. New Hymn To Freedom was released on 31 August 2018 through The Leaf Label, on digital, CD, black vinyl and limited edition white vinyl. The album is made up of six "wholly unedited improvisations" that "illuminate the field on which many of UK’s experimental musicians have been playing of late". On this record "the trio has seamlessly integrated everything from jazz to psych to ambient to kosmische to experimental electronic music in their ongoing effort to reach a sort of enlightenment through performance". Earth Patterns, Szun Waves' third album, was released on August 19, 2022.

text:
# Szun Waves

**Szun Waves** is a British band composed of electronic producer Luke Abbott, Laurence Pike of PVT on drums and Jack Wyllie of Portico Quartet on saxophone. The band combines elements of spiritual and experimental jazz with electronic music. Their debut album *At Sacred Walls* was released in 2016. In August 2018 they released the follow-up, *New Hymn To Freedom*.

The group's debut album *At Sacred Walls* was recorded at the studio of British electronic artist James Holden, from which the album takes its name. The album was released on Buffalo Temple records, a label run by Abbott.

*New Hymn To Freedom* was released on 31 August 2018 through The Leaf Label, on digital, CD, black vinyl and limited edition white vinyl. The album is made up of six "wholly unedited improvisations" that "illuminate the field on which many of UK’s experimental musicians have been playing of late". On this record "the trio has seamlessly integrated everything from jazz to psych to ambient to kosmische to experimental electronic music in their ongoing effort to reach a sort of enlightenment through performance".

*Earth Patterns*, Szun Waves' third album, was released on August 19, 2022.

## Discography

## InfoBox

| Szun Waves | |
| --- | --- |
| Origin | London, England |
| Genres | Experimental, jazz |
| Years active | 2016–present |
| Labels | Leaf, Buffalo Temple |
|  | |
| Members | Luke Abbott
Laurence Pike
Jack Wyllie |
|  | |
| Website | www.szunwaves.com |


title: Pajas Blancas, Montevideo

abstract: Pajas Blancas is a village of Montevideo Department in Uruguay.

text:
# Pajas Blancas, Montevideo

**Pajas Blancas** is a village of Montevideo Department in Uruguay.

## Population

In 2004, Pajas Blancas had 1,976 inhabitants.

| Year | Population |
| --- | --- |
| 1963 | 925 |
| 1975 | 921 |
| 1985 | 1,257 |
| 1996 | 1,837 |
| 2004 | 1,976 |

Source: *Instituto Nacional de Estadística de Uruguay*

## InfoBox

| Pajas Blancas | |
| --- | --- |
| Village | |
| Zabala Beach in Pajas Blancas | |
| Pajas BlancasLocation in Uruguay | |
| Coordinates: 34°52′01″S 56°19′59″W / 34.86694°S 56.33306°W / -34.86694; -56.33306 | |
| Country | Uruguay |
| Department | Montevideo Department |
| Population (2004) | |
| Total | 1,976 |
| Time zone | UTC -3 |
| Postal code | 12800 |
| Dial plan | +598 2 (+7 digits) |


title: On the Beach (Chris Rea song)

abstract: "On the Beach" is a song by British singer-songwriter Chris Rea that was released in 1986, as the second single from his eighth studio album, On the Beach. It was written by Rea and produced by Rea and David Richards. "On the Beach" reached No. 57 in the United Kingdom in 1986, and also charted in France and the Netherlands. In 1988, Rea re-recorded "On the Beach" for his album New Light Through Old Windows and released it as a single. Produced by Rea and Jon Kelly, it reached No. 12 in the UK and No. 18 in Ireland. In 1989, it reached No. 9 on the US Billboard Adult Contemporary chart.

text:
# On the Beach (Chris Rea song)

"**On the Beach**" is a song by British singer-songwriter Chris Rea that was released in 1986, as the second single from his eighth studio album, *On the Beach*. It was written by Rea and produced by Rea and David Richards. "On the Beach" reached No. 57 in the United Kingdom in 1986, and also charted in France and the Netherlands.

In 1988, Rea re-recorded "On the Beach" for his album *New Light Through Old Windows* and released it as a single. Produced by Rea and Jon Kelly, it reached No. 12 in the UK and No. 18 in Ireland. In 1989, it reached No. 9 on the US *Billboard* Adult Contemporary chart.

## Background

"On the Beach" was inspired by the Spanish island Formentera off the coast of Ibiza. Speaking to *Songfacts*, Rea said, "That's where me and my wife became me and my wife. That's what it's about. Yeah, I was 'between the eyes of love.' It's a lovely island if ever you're in Europe."

## Critical reception

In a retrospective review of the *On the Beach* album, Rob Caldwell of AllMusic described the song as the "standout track", adding that the original version was "the most evocative, a little slower and more meditative than \[the\] others." He recommended the song further by selecting it as an AMG Pick Track. Mike DeGagne, in an AllMusic review of *New Light Through Old Windows* commented that the song, along with "Let's Dance", "represent a lean toward a more commercial sound."

## Track listing

## Personnel

## Charts

## York version

| "O.T.B. (On the Beach)" | |
| --- | --- |
| German maxi-single cover artwork | |
| Single by York | |
| from the album  *Experience* | |
| Released | 1999 (1999) |
| Genre | Trance |
| Length | 3:36 (radio mix) |
| Label | Adrenalin |
| Songwriter(s) | Chris Rea |
| Producer(s) | CRW |
| York singles chronology | |
| "Jastamba"
(1998) "**O.T.B. (On the Beach)**"
(1999) "The Fields of Love"
(2000) | |

In 1999, German dance music group York sampled the guitar riff for their track "**O.T.B. (On the Beach)**". In June 2000, it debuted and peaked at No. 4 on the UK Singles Chart for two weeks and sold over 200,000 copies to earn a silver certification from the British Phonographic Industry (BPI). Rea played guitar with York for their performance of the track on *Top of the Pops*. He also stated on British radio that he had intended to go to Ibiza with York for live promotions but was unable due to a recent heart attack.

### Track listings

**German maxi-CD single**

1. "O.T.B. (On the Beach)" (Vocal Radio Mix) – 3:36
2. "O.T.B. (On the Beach)" (Magic Marc's Radiomix) – 3:41
3. "O.T.B. (On the Beach)" (Milk & Sugar Radio Version) – 3:40
4. "O.T.B. (On the Beach)" (Hitch Hiker & Dumondt Radio Version) – 3:30
5. "O.T.B. (On the Beach)" (Eivissa@night.mix) – 6:36
6. "O.T.B. (On the Beach)" (Milk & Sugar's "Munich Is Burning" Club Mix) – 8:07
7. "O.T.B. (On the Beach)" (Hitch Hiker & Dumondt Club Mix) – 8:10

**Italian CD single**

1. "O.T.B. (On the Beach)" (Basic Connection Edit) – 3:18
2. "O.T.B. (On the Beach)" (Basic Connection Mix) – 6:40
3. "O.T.B. (On the Beach)" (Hitch Hiker & Dumondt Club Mix) – 8:10
4. "O.T.B. (On the Beach)" (Eivissa@Night.Mix) – 6:33

**Belgian 12-inch single**

A1. "O.T.B. (On the Beach)" (Milk & Sugar Club Mix) – 8:07 A2. "O.T.B. (On the Beach)" (CRW Mix) – 6:52 B1. "O.T.B. (On the Beach)" (Original Mix) – 7:13 B2. "O.T.B. (On the Beach)" (Hitch Hiker & Dumondt Club Mix) – 8:10

**US 12-inch single**

A1. "O.T.B. (On the Beach)" (CRW Mix) – 6:40 A2. "O.T.B. (On the Beach)" – 8:07 B1. "O.T.B. (On the Beach)" (Eivissa@Night Mix) – 6:36 B2. "O.T.B. (On the Beach)" (Hitch Hiker & Dumondt Club Mix) – 8:10

### Charts

### Certifications

| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
| --- | --- | --- |
| United Kingdom (BPI) | Silver | 200,000^ |
| ^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.
 | | |

### Release history

| Region | Date | Format(s) | Label(s) | Ref. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Germany | 1999 | CD | Adrenalin |  |
| United Kingdom | | 29 May 2000 | Manifesto |  |

## InfoBox

| "On the Beach" | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Single by Chris Rea | |
| from the album  *On the Beach (1986 version) and New Light Through Old Windows (1988 version)* | |
| B-side | * "If Anybody Asks You" (1986) * "I'm Taking the Day Out" (1988) |
| Released | May 1986 |
| Genre | Soft rock |
| Length | * 5:04 (album version) * 4:20 (special remix) * 6:02 (special extended remix) |
| Label |  |
| Songwriter(s) | Chris Rea |
| Producer(s) |  |
| Chris Rea singles chronology | |
| "It's All Gone"
(1986) "**On the Beach**"
(1986) "Hello Friend"
(1986) | |
|  | |
|  | |
| Music video | |
| "On the Beach" on YouTube | |
|  | |


title: Triple Crown of endurance racing

abstract: In automobile endurance racing, three events have come to form a Triple Crown. They are considered three of the most challenging endurance races over the decades: the 24 Hours of Daytona, 12 Hours of Sebring, and 24 Hours of Le Mans. As of 2024 only 11 drivers have completed the Triple Crown by winning all three races, Phil Hill was the first do so in 1964, and Timo Bernhard is the most recent to do so in 2010. No driver has won all three events in the same year. Ken Miles lost the chance to win all three events in the same year when a problem with the Ford team orders for a photo finish made him lose the 1966 24 Hours of Le Mans. This incident was dramatized in the 2019 film Ford v Ferrari. Miles died two months later testing the Ford J-car. Hurley Haywood and Al Holbert have won the three races at least twice each. Numerous drivers have won only two out of the three events.

text:
# Triple Crown of endurance racing

In automobile endurance racing, three events have come to form a Triple Crown. They are considered three of the most challenging endurance races over the decades: the 24 Hours of Daytona, 12 Hours of Sebring, and 24 Hours of Le Mans. As of 2024 only 11 drivers have completed the Triple Crown by winning all three races, Phil Hill was the first do so in 1964, and Timo Bernhard is the most recent to do so in 2010. No driver has won all three events in the same year.

Ken Miles lost the chance to win all three events in the same year when a problem with the Ford team orders for a photo finish made him lose the 1966 24 Hours of Le Mans. This incident was dramatized in the 2019 film *Ford v Ferrari*. Miles died two months later testing the Ford J-car.

Hurley Haywood and Al Holbert have won the three races at least twice each.

Numerous drivers have won only two out of the three events.

## List of Triple Crown winners

**Bold** on year indicate at which race the driver achieved his Triple Crown.

| Driver | Year completed | 24 Hours of Daytona | 12 Hours of Sebring | 24 Hours of Le Mans | Total wins |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Phil Hill | 1964 | **1964** | 1958, 1959, 1961 | 1958, 1961, 1962 | 7 |
| Hans Herrmann | 1970 | 1968 | 1960, 1968 | **1970** | 4 |
| Jackie Oliver | 1971 | **1971** | 1969 | 1969 | 3 |
| Jacky Ickx | 1972 | **1972*** | 1969, 1972 | 1969, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1981, 1982 | 9 |
| Hurley Haywood | 1977 | 1973, 1975, 1977, 1979, 1991 | 1973, 1981 | **1977**, 1983, 1994 | 10 |
| A. J. Foyt | 1985 | 1983, 1985 | **1985** | 1967 | 4 |
| Al Holbert | 1986 | **1986**, 1987 | 1976, 1981 | 1983, 1986, 1987 | 7 |
| Andy Wallace | 1992 | 1990, 1997, 1999 | **1992**, 1993 | 1988 | 6 |
| Mauro Baldi | 1998 | 1998, 2002 | **1998** | 1994 | 4 |
| Marco Werner | 2005 | 1995 | 2003, 2005, 2007 | **2005**, 2006, 2007 | 7 |
| Timo Bernhard | 2010 | 2003 | 2008 | **2010**, 2017 | 4 |

(\*) Held as the *6 Hours of Daytona*.

Source:


title: Liu Qingsong

abstract: Liu Qingsong is an admiral (shangjiang) of the People's Liberation Army (PLA), serving as political commissar of the Eastern Theater Command. He previously served as political commissar of the Northern Theater Command from 2022 to 2023 and as political commissar of the Eastern Theater Command Navy and deputy political commissar of the Eastern Theater Command from 2018 to 2022.

text:
# Liu Qingsong

**Liu Qingsong** (Chinese: 刘青松; born November 1963) is an admiral (*shangjiang*) of the People's Liberation Army (PLA), serving as political commissar of the Eastern Theater Command. He previously served as political commissar of the Northern Theater Command from 2022 to 2023 and as political commissar of the Eastern Theater Command Navy and deputy political commissar of the Eastern Theater Command from 2018 to 2022.

## Biography

Liu was born in Zhangqiu County (now Zhangqiu District of Jinan), Shandong, in November 1963. He served as the deputy director of the Guangzhou Military Region Air Force Command's (today's Southern Theater Command Air Force) Political Department before being appointed director of the Political Department of the Northern Theater Command Air Force. One year later, he was commissioned as deputy director of the Political Department of the People's Liberation Army Air Force. In July 2018, he rose to become political commissar of the Eastern Theater Command Navy and deputy political commissar of the Eastern Theater Command. In January 2022, he was appointed political commissar of the Northern Theater Command.

He was promoted to the rank of major general (*shaojiang*) in July 2014, vice admiral (*zhongjiang*) in June 2019, and admiral (*shangjiang*) in January 2022.

On 28 January 2022, as political commissar of the Northern Theater Command, Liu Qingsong joined CCP Secretary of Liaoning Zhang Guoqing, Governor of Liaoning Li Lecheng, and Chairman of the Liaoning Political Consultative Conference Zhou Bo in a ceremony to welcome the Chinese New Year and thank the civilian government of Liaoning for its support to the PLA. In the discussion, Liu noted that 2021 was a milestone year in the Party's history, that "we should unite more closely around the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at the core," and praised the revitalization and modernization of Liaoning Province.

According to images of Liu's ribbon rack in 2022, Liu joined the military in 1989 (at 26 years of age) and has served 33 years in the PLA.

## InfoBox

| Liu Qingsong | |
| --- | --- |
| 刘青松 | |
|  | |
| Political Commissar of the Eastern Theater Command | |
| **Incumbent** | |
| **Assumed office**
June 2023 | |
| Preceded by | He Ping |
| Political Commissar of the Northern Theater Command | |
| **In office**
January 2022  June 2023 | |
| Preceded by | Fan Xiaojun |
| Succeeded by | Zheng Xuan |
| Deputy Political Commissar of the Eastern Theater Command | |
| **In office**
July 2018  January 2022 | |
| Political Commissar | He Ping |
| Preceded by | Mei Wen |
| Political Commissar of the Eastern Theater Command Navy | |
| **In office**
July 2018  January 2022 | |
| Preceded by | Wang Huayong |
| Succeeded by | Mei Wen |
|  | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | November 1963 (age 60)
Zhangqiu County, Shandong, China |
| Political party | Chinese Communist Party |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | People's Republic of China |
| Branch/service | People's Liberation Army Air Force (?–2018)
People's Liberation Army Navy (2018–present) |
| Years of service | 1989–present |
| Rank | Admiral |
|  | |
|  | |
| Chinese name | |
| Simplified Chinese |  |
| Traditional Chinese |  |
| Transcriptions  Standard Mandarin  Hanyu Pinyin Liú Qīngsōng | |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Paul Davis (rugby league)

abstract: Paul Davis is an Australian former rugby league footballer who played professionally for the Balmain Tigers.

text:
# Paul Davis (rugby league)

**Paul Davis** (born 12 March 1971) is an Australian former rugby league footballer who played professionally for the Balmain Tigers.

## Playing career

Davis played forty matches for the Balmain Tigers between 1992 and 1993.

In 1992 he represented the Australian Aboriginies side at the Pacific Cup.

Davis also played Group 2 Rugby League for Port Macquarie, Macksville and Dunghutti.

## Later years

Davis coached Dunghutti in 2008.

In 2009 his 15-year-old son, Paul Davis-Welsh, was killed in a car crash. Davis-Welsh was a promising junior and had signed with the Gold Coast Titans under 16s. A memorial golf tournament was later set up in his name.

In 2009 Davis was named in the 2000–2009 Group 2 Team of the Decade.

## InfoBox

Paul Davis
| Personal information | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1971-03-12) 12 March 1971<br>Thursday Island, Queensland, Australia |
| Playing information | |
| Position | Centre, Five-eighth, Lock |
| Club  Years Team Pld T G FG P  1992–93 Balmain Tigers 40 10 11 0 62  Representative  Years Team Pld T G FG P  1992 Australian Aboriginies | |
| Source: | |


title: Xiangyi Li

abstract: Xiangyi Li is a Chinese scientist, and the current director and co-founder of the China Science and Technology Museum in Beijing, China. Li was awarded the 2013 UNESCO Kalinga Prize for his contributions to popularization of science. Li previously served as the director for science popularization at the China Association for Science and Technology. During his tenure at the Association, he was responsible for promotion of science education among people in rural areas, and workers in factories and mines.

text:
# Xiangyi Li

**Xiangyi Li** is a Chinese scientist, and the current director and co-founder of the China Science and Technology Museum in Beijing, China. Li was awarded the 2013 UNESCO Kalinga Prize for his contributions to popularization of science.

Li previously served as the director for science popularization at the China Association for Science and Technology. During his tenure at the Association, he was responsible for promotion of science education among people in rural areas, and workers in factories and mines.

## InfoBox

| Xiangyi Li | |
| --- | --- |
| 李象益 | |
| Awards | UNESCO Kalinga Prize (2013) |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Science popularization |
| Institutions | China Science and Technology Museum<br>China Association for Science and Technology |
|  | |


title: Mars Exploration Joint Initiative

abstract: The Mars Exploration Joint Initiative (MEJI) is an agreement signed between United States' space agency, NASA, and Europe's space agency, ESA to join resources and expertise in order to continue the exploration of the planet Mars. The agreement was signed in Washington D.C. in October 2009, between NASA administrator Charles Bolden and ESA director-general Jean-Jacques Dordain. In its hey-day it resulted in a synergy between NASA Mars Science Orbiter and the Aurora ExoMars program, the combination of a flexible collaborative proposal within NASA and ESA to send a new orbiter-carrier to Mars in 2016 as part of the European-led ExoMars project. One of the goals was for NASA to provide to Atlas V launches for ExoMars, however in the early 2010s planetary exploration in the USA was not given enough money to fund this plan. Under the FY2013 budget President Barack Obama released on 13 February 2012, NASA terminated its participation in ExoMars due to budgetary cuts in order to pay for the cost overruns of the James Webb Space Telescope. With NASA's funding for this project cancelled, most of ExoMars' plans had to be restructured.

text:
# Mars Exploration Joint Initiative

The **Mars Exploration Joint Initiative** (**MEJI**) is an agreement signed between United States' space agency, NASA, and Europe's space agency, ESA to join resources and expertise in order to continue the exploration of the planet Mars. The agreement was signed in Washington D.C. in October 2009, between NASA administrator Charles Bolden and ESA director-general Jean-Jacques Dordain.

In its hey-day it resulted in a synergy between NASA Mars Science Orbiter and the Aurora ExoMars program, the combination of a flexible collaborative proposal within NASA and ESA to send a new orbiter-carrier to Mars in 2016 as part of the European-led ExoMars project. One of the goals was for NASA to provide to Atlas V launches for ExoMars, however in the early 2010s planetary exploration in the USA was not given enough money to fund this plan.

Under the FY2013 budget President Barack Obama released on 13 February 2012, NASA terminated its participation in ExoMars due to budgetary cuts in order to pay for the cost overruns of the James Webb Space Telescope. With NASA's funding for this project cancelled, most of ExoMars' plans had to be restructured.

## History

Discussions between NASA and ESA began in December 2008, driven by the ESA Ministerial Council's recommendation to seek international cooperation to complete the ExoMars mission and to prepare further Mars robotic exploration missions. At the same time, NASA was reassessing its Mars Exploration Program portfolio after the launch of its Mars Science Laboratory was delayed from 2009 to 2011. This provided NASA and ESA with an opportunity to increase cooperation and expand collective capabilities. The U.S. and Europe have taken the view that they can achieve more together scientifically at Mars if they combine their expertise. And with both parties' current Mars programmes also experiencing financial pressures, the shared approach means the exploration schedule of a mission every two years can be maintained.

The executive board recommended NASA and ESA to establish MEJI, spanning launch opportunities in 2016, 2018 and 2020, with landers and orbiters conducting astrobiological, geological, geophysical and other high-priority investigations, and leading to the return of soil and rock samples from Mars in the 2020s.

Under the FY2013 Budget President Obama released on February 13, 2012, NASA was forced to pull out of joint Mars missions with Europe due to budgetary cuts, in order to pay for the cost overruns of the James Webb Space Telescope. The proposal for the Financial Year 2013 reduced the planetary science budget from $1.5bn to $1.2bn; Although planetary science was a loser in general, Mars exploration was singled out for particular cuts, receiving $360.8m, which amounts to a reduction of almost 40% from the FY2012 estimate. The cuts may plunge the field into its biggest crisis since the 1980s and is considered likely to lead to the loss of up to 2,000 high-tech jobs.

On February 29, 2012, the U.S. House Appropriations subcommittee that oversees NASA funding, rejected the space agency's request to begin shutting down its joint Mars-exploration effort with the European Space Agency, until the issue can be debated thoroughly. The committee believes that "so radical a change in policy needs and deserves to be fully considered by a process that is more rigorous and more inclusive than the reprogramming notification."

Regardless of the final outcome by the House Appropriations subcommittee, NASA will continue with its own Mars exploration projects: Mars Science Laboratory, *MAVEN* orbiter, Mars 2020 rover, and *InSight* lander.

### Current status

In April 2018, a letter of intent was signed by NASA and ESA that may provide a basis for a Mars sample-return mission. It is unclear if this is a new initiative or a restart of the original Mars Exploration Joint Initiative.

The two agencies would need to draw up the mission architecture, and would be seeking commercial partners to collaborate on any sample-return mission.

## Missions

In its original version, the MEJI vision would have encompassed the following launch opportunities:

* 2016: A European-led orbiter (ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter), to study trace gases, including methane in Mars' atmosphere. The mission would also put a static meteorological station on the surface. Europe would handle the entry, descent and landing of this station - a capability it has yet to demonstrate.
* 2018: A European rover (ExoMars rover) would be dispatched to Mars. The U.S. would provide the entry, descent and landing system as being used by the Mars Science Laboratory.
* 2020: Under consideration is a network of very small landers focused on geophysics and the environment.
* NASA would provide Atlas V launch rockets in 2016 and 2018 ExoMars missions.
* The ultimate aim is a mission to return Mars rock and soils to Earth: the Mars sample return mission, some time in the 2020s.


title: Palaeoisopus

abstract: Palaeoisopus is a monotypic genus of fossil pycnogonid, known only by one species, Palaeoisopus problematicus, discovered from the Lower Devonian Hunsrück Slate of Germany. It have several characters unusual for a pycnogonid, such as swimming legs with alternating size, medially-arranged eyes, and most significantly, a long, segmented abdomen, which were highly reduced in modern counterparts.

text:
# Palaeoisopus

***Palaeoisopus*** is a monotypic genus of fossil pycnogonid (sea spider), known only by one species, ***Palaeoisopus problematicus***, discovered from the Lower Devonian Hunsrück Slate of Germany. It have several characters unusual for a pycnogonid, such as swimming legs with alternating size, medially-arranged eyes, and most significantly, a long, segmented abdomen, which were highly reduced in modern counterparts.

## Morphology

*Palaeoisopus* is a large sea spider, with a body length (excluding proboscis and chelifores) of at least 12.5 cm and leg spans of about 32 cm, comparable to those of a modern *Colossendeis* (giant sea spider). The margins of each of its body parts were covered by tubercles, the cephalon (head section that bore eyes, proboscis, chelifores, palps, ovigers and 1st leg pair) and 3 trunk somites (section that bore the remaining leg pairs) are well-defined by ring-like segmentation. The abdomen apparently compose of 4 abdominal somites and a styliform telson, but based on the medial position of anus (which, in telson-bearing chelicerates, always located at the ventral boundary of abdomen and telson), the latter was also suggest to be a fusion of 5th abdominal somite and the original telson.

Medial to the anterodorsal margin of cephalon was an eye-bearing ocular tubercle. Unlike the paired 4-eyed arrangement of most pycnogonids, it compose of a pair of large eyes and 2 smaller eyes that arranged anteroposteriorly in a midline. The anteriormost appendages were a pair of robust, pincer-like chelifores, which compose of 5 podomeres (3 for scape and 2 for pincer) instead of 3 or 4 (1 or 2 for scape and 2 for pincer) like those of the other pycnogonids. Below the chelifores was a cylinderal proboscis that always tucked underneath the cephalon, making it almost invisible in dorsal view. The palps and ovigers have similar morphology, the former terminated with a subchelate structures and the latter was apparently absent in some specimens, which may represent sexual dimorphism as seen in some modern pycnogonid taxa such as Pycnogonidae and Phoxichilidiidae (female lacking ovigers). Each of the leg base was surrounded by flexible, ring-like structure. Among the 4 leg pairs the first one is significantly elongated, and its detail morphology slightly differ from the posterior counterparts as well (e.g. shorter basal segments, different setae arrangement, 4 flatten distal podomeres instead of 5).

## Paleoecology

The large eyes, robust chelifores and oar-like legs suggest that *Paleoisopus* was a nektonic (swimming) visual predators, with associated stalked crinoid (sea lily) as a possible prey item.

## Phylogeny

While some analysis placing *Palaeoisopus* within a derived position, most studies suggest that *Paleosiopus* is a basal sea spider, as the well-developed abdomen most likely represent a plesiomorphic condition of total-group Pycnogonida.

## InfoBox

| Palaeoisopus
Temporal range: | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Fossil | |
|  | |
| Reconstruction | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Pycnogonida |
| Order: | **Palaeoisopoda** |
| Family: | **Palaeoisopodidae**
Dubinin, 1957 |
| Genus: | ***Palaeoisopus***
Broili, 1928 |
| Species: | ***P. problematicus*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Palaeoisopus problematicus***
Broili, 1928 | |
|


title: Ongley Island

abstract: Ongley Island is a rugged rocky island lying off the north coast of Greenwich Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. Extending 1.35 km (0.84 mi) in west-northwest direction and 470 m (510 yd) wide, with a surface area of 44 hectares. The area was visited by early 19th century sealers. The feature is named after L.T. Ongley, cartographer in the Admiralty Hydrographic Department in 1935.

text:
# Ongley Island

**Ongley Island** is a rugged rocky island lying off the north coast of Greenwich Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. Extending 1.35 km (0.84 mi) in west-northwest direction and 470 m (510 yd) wide, with a surface area of 44 hectares (110 acres). The area was visited by early 19th century sealers.

The feature is named after L.T. Ongley, cartographer in the Admiralty Hydrographic Department in 1935.

## Location

The midpoint is located at 62°25′48″S 59°53′14.6″W / 62.43000°S 59.887389°W / -62.43000; -59.887389 and the island is lying 3.7 km (2.3 mi) west of Dee Island, 1.73 km (1.07 mi) north by east of Aprilov Point, Greenwich Island, 2.74 km (1.70 mi) northeast of Miletich Point, Greenwich Island, 2.52 km (1.57 mi) east-northeast of Kabile Island, 5.3 km (3.3 mi) south by east of Romeo Island and 3.7 km (2.3 mi) southwest of Stoker Island (British mapping in 1935 and 1968, Argentine in 1957, Chilean in 1971, and Bulgarian in 2005 and 2009).

## Map

## InfoBox

Ongley Island
| Ongley Island (in the background) from Barrientos Island, Aitcho Islands | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Ongley IslandLocation on Antarctic PeninsulaOngley IslandLocation in Antarctica | |
| Geography | |
| Location | Antarctica |
| Coordinates | 62°25′48″S 59°53′14.6″W / 62.43000°S 59.887389°W / -62.43000; -59.887389 |
| Archipelago | South Shetland Islands |
| Area | 0.44 km2 (0.17 sq mi) |
| Length | 1.35 km (0.839 mi) |
| Width | 0.47 km (0.292 mi) |
| Administration | |
| Administered under the Antarctic Treaty System | |
| Demographics | |
| Population | Uninhabited |


title: Lewis Buckner

abstract: Lewis Buckner was an American house builder, carpenter and furniture maker. Born and raised a slave as a child, Buckner was freed in 1865 and later apprenticed to a furniture maker. He became one of several successful African-American construction entrepreneurs in late-19th century Sevier County, Tennessee. At least fifteen homes that were either built by Buckner or are believed to have been built by Buckner are still standing, two of which are listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places. He also designed and built furniture in the late 19th century, and an elaborate bed and dresser were acquired in 2015 by the Tennessee State Museum for its collection.

text:
# Lewis Buckner

**Lewis Buckner** (March 12, 1856May 16, 1924) was an American house builder, carpenter and furniture maker. (His name has also been spelled "Louis Buckner".) Born and raised a slave as a child, Buckner was freed in 1865 and later apprenticed to a furniture maker. He became one of several successful African-American construction entrepreneurs in late-19th century Sevier County, Tennessee. At least fifteen homes that were either built by Buckner or are believed to have been built by Buckner are still standing, two of which are listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.

He also designed and built furniture in the late 19th century, and an elaborate bed and dresser were acquired in 2015 by the Tennessee State Museum for its collection.

## Biography

Buckner was born into slavery in Strawberry Plains, Tennessee in 1856. His mother was an African-American slave and his father is believed to have been white. He and his mother were freed in 1865 after the American Civil War. In the 1870s, Buckner learned the trade of furniture-making as an apprentice to a white Sevierville furniture-maker named Christian Stump.

Buckner married Jane Bryant in 1875. By 1880 he had established his own cabinet-making business. In 2015, the Tennessee State Museum announced it has acquired an elaborate bed and dresser made by Buckner about 1889.

With his skills, Buckner could handle larger carpentry and construction projects. He built his first house the Darius and Mary Robertson House around 1880. Buckner's subsequent houses included the Wayland-Patterson House (1886) near the Fair Garden community, the Riley H. Andes House (ca. 1890) in Sevierville, the Trotter-Waters House (1895) in downtown Sevierville, the Sam Dixon House (1914) near the Shady Grove Community, and the Mullendore House (1921) near Pigeon Forge.

He built his own house in the Mullican Grove community in 1894. In 1886, Buckner teamed up with African-American bricklayer Isaac Dockery (1832-1910) to help build the New Salem Baptist Church in Sevierville. Dockery built up the brick walls and Buckner created the interior design.

## Buckner's techniques

Like other carpenters and builders, Buckner drew from circulated pattern books for his work, but he modified such basic patterns to create his own unique renditions. Buckner's houses were typically 2-story Italianate or Queen Anne "I-frame" designs. Buckner often carved and built much of the houses' exterior detailing which included bargeboards, porches, and scrollwork as well as the houses' interior elements, including mantels, cabinets, and newell posts.

## Structures built by Buckner

At least fifteen houses currently standing in Sevier County are believed to have been built by Buckner. Some have not been verified by any source other than oral tradition or the fact that certain designs strongly resemble Buckner's known works. Two that could be documented as his have been listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Houses built or renovated by Buckner include:

* Riley H. Andes House, on Douglas Dam Road in Sevierville, Tennessee, built around 1890; added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.
* Sam Dixon House, built in 1914 near the Shady Grove community.
* William Cal Jones House, built circa 1886 in the Fair Garden community, usually attributed to Buckner.
* Lafollette-Patterson House, a two-story house in the Fair Garden community east of Sevierville.
* Mullendore House, built in 1921 near Pigeon Forge.
* Darius and Mary Robertson House, a 2-story I-frame house built circa 1880 in the Harrisburg community outside of Sevierville. Buckner did most of the house's original interior design work.
* Trotter-Waters House, at 217 Cedar Street in downtown Sevierville, built in the Queen Anne style in c.1895; added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.

## InfoBox

| Lewis Buckner | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1856-03-12)March 12, 1856<br>Strawberry Plains, Tennessee, U.S. |
| Died | May 16, 1924(1924-05-16) (aged 68) |
| Occupation | Carpenter |


abstract: Triple Divide Peak is a mountain on the boundary between Yosemite National Park and the Ansel Adams Wilderness in Madera County, California. It is located 0.7 miles (1.1 km) north of Walton Lake and 1.3 miles (2.1 km) southeast of Merced Peak. Its name refers to the fact that it lies on the boundaries of three distinct watersheds, namely those of the Merced, South Fork Merced, and San Joaquin rivers.

text:
# Triple Divide Peak (Madera County, California)

**Triple Divide Peak** is a mountain on the boundary between Yosemite National Park and the Ansel Adams Wilderness in Madera County, California. It is located 0.7 miles (1.1 km) north of Walton Lake and 1.3 miles (2.1 km) southeast of Merced Peak. Its name refers to the fact that it lies on the boundaries of three distinct watersheds, namely those of the Merced, South Fork Merced, and San Joaquin rivers.

## Climate

According to the Köppen climate classification system, Triple Divide Peak is located in an alpine climate zone. Most weather fronts originate in the Pacific Ocean and travel east toward the Sierra Nevada mountains. As fronts approach, they are forced upward by the peaks (orographic lift), causing moisture in the form of rain or snowfall to drop onto the range.

## InfoBox

| Triple Divide Peak | |
| --- | --- |
| Triple Divide Peak from the north | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 11,616 ft (3,541 m)NAVD 88 |
| Prominence | 651 ft (198 m) |
| Coordinates | 37°37′55″N 119°22′14″W / 37.6318783°N 119.3704219°W / 37.6318783; -119.3704219 |
| Geography | |
| Triple Divide PeakTriple Divide Peak | |
| Location | Madera County, California U.S. |
| Parent range | Sierra Nevada |
| Topo map | USGS Mount Lyell |
| Climbing | |
| First ascent | 1920 by Norman Clyde |
| Easiest route | Scramble, class 3 |