title: We'll Bring the House Down

abstract: We'll Bring the House Down is the ninth studio album by the British rock group Slade. It was released on 13 March 1981 and reached No. 25 in the UK. The album was produced by Slade, except "My Baby's Got It" which was produced by Chas Chandler. The album was the first studio album released by the band after their successful appearance at the 1980 Reading Festival. In order to capitalise on their revival, Slade quickly compiled this new album, made up of some new tracks and some recycled ones, mainly from their failed Return to Base album of 1979.

text:
# We'll Bring the House Down

***We'll Bring the House Down*** is the ninth studio album by the British rock group Slade. It was released on 13 March 1981 and reached No. 25 in the UK. The album was produced by Slade, except "My Baby's Got It" which was produced by Chas Chandler. The album was the first studio album released by the band after their successful appearance at the 1980 Reading Festival. In order to capitalise on their revival, Slade quickly compiled this new album, made up of some new tracks and some recycled ones, mainly from their failed *Return to Base* album of 1979.

## Background

Since their return from the US in late 1976, Slade had struggled to achieve much chart action in the UK. Regardless, the band continued to record and tour. Their 1977 theatre tour, which followed the unsuccessful *Whatever Happened to Slade* album, saw a drop in audience numbers. The band found themselves playing small gigs after that, including universities and clubs. The band's tours often ran at a loss, bringing their own PA and lightshow, while the band's new material, released through manager Chas Chandler's Barn Records sold little.

After the commercial failure of their May 1980 extended play *Six of the Best*, the band had almost called it a day. However, their fortunes changed when they were offered a headlining slot at the Reading festival in August 1980, following a late cancellation by Ozzy Osbourne. The band's performance in front of the 65,000-strong crowd saw Slade back in the public eye. The music press began to take an interest in the band again, while heavy metal followers also began deeming the band 'cool'. In September, the band released the extended play *Alive at Reading*, which featured three songs recorded at the festival. It reached No. 44, giving the band their first chart action in years. The band's former label Polydor did not take long to jump on the band's new-found success either, releasing the compilation *Slade Smashes!* in November. It reached No. 21 and soon achieved Gold status in December for selling over 200,000 copies.

In January 1981, Slade released the single "We'll Bring the House Down" which reached No. 10 in the UK. In March, the album of the same name was released, reached No. 25. The album helped maintain the band's momentum, while they were also able to start playing in larger venues once again. A second single, "Wheels Ain't Coming Down", was also released in March, reaching No. 60.

## Release

Shortly before the album's release, guitarist Dave Hill explained in a fan club interview why the album mainly used tracks that had already been released:

> "Obviously a lot of the fans that have bought *Return to Base*, *Six of the best* and one or two other things - they are going to have a lot of this material. But it is a compilation LP of a lot of the material that we have recorded over the last 18 months, which as the fans know, the majority of the public have never even heard. It's really for the benefit of the new fans that have none of the old material. It won't be the same as *Return to Base* as it will have a lot of the tracks pulled out and other numbers added, making up a more rocky album. It will basically consist of the live act at the moment, so anyone who's into the live act should like the album."

The album's sleeve featured a new Slade logo designed by Chandler. According to the band, the 'fist' bursting through the shield on the sleeve was to signify "four royal bastards".

## Song information

"We'll Bring the House Down", Slade's first hit single since 1977, is described by AllMusic as an "absolute must-hear". "Night Starvation" originally appeared on *Six of the Best* and was also released as a promotional single in the UK during 1980. "When I'm Dancin' I Ain't Fightin'", taken from *Six of the Best*, is described by AllMusic as "pure classic Slade". "Dizzy Mamma" was originally the B-Side to the 1979 failed single "Ginny, Ginny". For its inclusion on *We'll Bring the House Down*, the song was remixed by the band at Portland Studios. "Nuts Bolts and Screws", taken from *Return to Base*, was the other song to be remixed at Portland Studios for inclusion on the album.

"Lemme Love into Ya" had also been re-worked into the song "Poland", which Lea recorded as a solo venture. His version was released as a single in 1982 on Speed Records under the name Greenfields of Tong. "Lemme Love into Ya" was voted #2 of the top three Slade album tracks in the Slade Fan Club Poll of 1979.

## Critical reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| AllMusic |  |
| *Classic Rock* | favourable |
| *Daily Mirror* | favourable |
| *Daily Star* | favourable |
| *Get Ready to Rock!* |  |
| *London Trax* | favourable |
| *Melody Maker* | favourable |
| *Record Mirror* |  |
| *Smash Hits* |  |
| *Sounds* |  |

Upon release, *Daily Star* described the album as the "same old Slade style – thumping, no-nonsense, high-decibel rock". *Record Mirror* stated: "It's difficult to justify a record like this on its own terms. Slade are essentially a live act and on vinyl the vital ingredient of spilt beer is sorely missed. But all things considered the pros outweigh the cons." *Sounds* stated the album was a "corker, brimming with a knowing confidence and expertise that has far from withered through age". They concluded: "*We'll Bring The House Down* is both a monumental triumph for the band and a real treat for those kids who've moved unreservedly behind 'em."

*Melody Maker* felt the album merely "fulfil\[led\] a function", adding that beyond the hit title track "they've come up with at least four far better tracks to ensure the stay won't be shortlived." *London Trax* said: "Overlooking the horrific, infantile, metallist symbolism of its sleeve, *We'll Bring the House Down* is somewhat surprisingly a bit of a cracker. Potential singles abound. To sum up, Slade have released a great pop record and have more than adequately recaptured the territory left open, since their untimely demise. They have resurrected the legend without smothering it." *Smash Hits* felt the album lived up to a "dreaded Heavy Metal revival" rather than maintain their "natural pop sensibility". They concluded: "They sound as raw and live as ever and Noddy Holder still has a unique set of vocal chords but play this next to their "Greatest Hits" and there really is no competition. They can do better than this."

AllMusic retrospectively stated: "Slade made a powerful statement with *We'll Bring the House Down*: "We're back." What the band did was to take the best five songs from *Return to Base* and mix them in with great new material for a killer album that wouldn't take forever to make. Simple logic will tell you that when you get rid of the worst songs and replace them with great songs, the album's gonna be a lot better. Such is the case here." Joe Geesin of the webzine *Get Ready to Rock!* described the album as a "mixture of metal, rock 'n' roll and new wave pop that worked remarkably well."

## Track listing

All tracks are written by Noddy Holder and Jim Lea, except "I'm a Rocker" by Chuck Berry and "Okey Cokey" by Jimmy Kennedy

Side one
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "We'll Bring the House Down" | 3:32 |
| 2. | "Night Starvation" | 3:05 |
| 3. | "Wheels Ain't Coming Down" | 3:37 |
| 4. | "Hold on to Your Hats" | 2:33 |
| 5. | "When I'm Dancin' I Ain't Fightin'" | 3:09 |

Side two
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 6. | "Dizzy Mamma" | 3:37 |
| 7. | "Nuts Bolts and Screws" | 2:29 |
| 8. | "My Baby's Got It" | 2:35 |
| 9. | "Lemme Love into Ya" | 3:26 |
| 10. | "I'm a Rocker" | 2:42 |

2007 Salvo remaster bonus tracks
| No. | Title | Length |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 11. | "Chakeeta" (from *Return to Base*) | 2:28 |
| 12. | "Don't Waste Your Time (Back Seat Star)" (from *Return to Base*) | 3:29 |
| 13. | "Sign of the Times" (from *Return to Base*) | 3:58 |
| 14. | "I'm Mad" (from *Return to Base*) | 2:48 |
| 15. | "Ginny, Ginny" (from *Return to Base*) | 3:40 |
| 16. | "Not Tonight Josephine" (B-side of "Sign of the Times") | 3:03 |
| 17. | "Okey Cokey" (1979 non-album single) | 3:25 |
| 18. | "9 to 5" (from *Six of the Best*) | 2:54 |

## Personnel

**Slade**

* Noddy Holder – lead vocals, rhythm guitar, producer
* Dave Hill – lead guitar, backing vocals, producer
* Jim Lea – bass, keyboards, synthesizer, backing vocals, producer
* Don Powell – drums, producer

**Additional personnel**

* Chas Chandler – producer (track 8)
* Andy Miller – engineer
* Dave Garland, Mark O'Donoughue – assistant engineers
* George Peckham – mastering (cutting engineer)
* Laurie Richards – art direction
* Chas Chandler – cover concept

## Charts

Chart performance for *We'll Bring the House Down*
| Chart (1981) | Peak
position |
| --- | --- |
| UK Albums (OCC) | 25 |
| UK Top 60 Albums/Tapes (*Record Business*) | 22 |

## InfoBox

| We'll Bring the House Down | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Slade | |
| Released | 13 March 1981 |
| Recorded | 1979–1981 |
| Genre | Hard rock |
| Length | 30:49 |
| Label | Cheapskate |
| Producer |  |
| Slade chronology | |
| *Slade Smashes!*
(1980) ***We'll Bring the House Down***
(1981) *Til Deaf Do Us Part*
(1981) | |
|  | |
| Singles from  *We'll Bring the House Down* | |
| 1. "We'll Bring the House Down"
Released: 23 January 1981 2. "Wheels Ain't Coming Down"
Released: 27 March 1981 | |
|  | |


title: Weismann barrier

abstract: The Weismann barrier, proposed by August Weismann, is the strict distinction between the "immortal" germ cell lineages producing gametes and "disposable" somatic cells in animals, in contrast to Charles Darwin's proposed pangenesis mechanism for inheritance. In more precise terminology, hereditary information is copied only from germline cells to somatic cells. This means that new information from somatic mutation is not passed on to the germline. This barrier concept implies that somatic mutations are not inherited. Weismann set out the concept in his 1892 book ″Das Keimplasma: eine Theorie der Vererbung″. The use of this theory, commonly in the context of the germ plasm theory of the late 19th century, before the development of better-based and more sophisticated concepts of genetics in the early 20th century, is sometimes referred to as Weismannism. Some authors distinguish Weismannist development that in which there is a distinct germline, from somatic embryogenesis. This type of development is correlated with the evolution of death of the somatic line. The Weismann barrier was of great importance in its day and among other influences it effectively banished certain Lamarckian concepts: in particular, it would make Lamarckian inheritance from changes to the body difficult or impossible. It remains important, but has however required qualification in the light of modern understanding of horizontal gene transfer and some other genetic and histological developments.

text:
# Weismann barrier

The **Weismann barrier**, proposed by August Weismann, is the strict distinction between the "immortal" germ cell lineages producing gametes and "disposable" somatic cells in animals (but not plants), in contrast to Charles Darwin's proposed pangenesis mechanism for inheritance.

In more precise terminology, hereditary information is copied only from germline cells to somatic cells. This means that new information from somatic mutation is not passed on to the germline. This *barrier* concept implies that somatic mutations are not inherited.

Weismann set out the concept in his 1892 book ″Das Keimplasma: eine Theorie der Vererbung″ (German for *The Germ Plasm: a theory of inheritance*). The use of this theory, commonly in the context of the germ plasm theory of the late 19th century, before the development of better-based and more sophisticated concepts of genetics in the early 20th century, is sometimes referred to as **Weismannism**. Some authors distinguish **Weismannist development** (either preformistic or epigenetic) that in which there is a distinct germline, from somatic embryogenesis. This type of development is correlated with the evolution of death of the somatic line.

The Weismann barrier was of great importance in its day and among other influences it effectively banished certain Lamarckian concepts: in particular, it would make Lamarckian inheritance from changes to the body (the soma) difficult or impossible. It remains important, but has however required qualification in the light of modern understanding of horizontal gene transfer and some other genetic and histological developments.

## Immortality of the germline

The Russian biologist and historian Zhores A. Medvedev, reviewing Weismann's theory a century later, considered that the accuracy of genome replicative and other synthetic systems alone could not explain the "immortal" germ cell lineages proposed by Weismann. Rather Medvedev thought that known features of the biochemistry and genetics of sexual reproduction indicated the presence of unique information maintenance and restoration processes at the different stages of gametogenesis. In particular, Medvedev considered that the most important opportunities for information maintenance of germ cells are created by recombination during meiosis and DNA repair; he saw these as processes within the germ cells that were capable of restoring the integrity of DNA and chromosomes from the types of damage that caused irreversible ageing in somatic cells.

## Basal animals

Basal animals such as sponges (Porifera) and corals (Anthozoa) contain multipotent stem cell lineages, that give rise to both somatic and reproductive cells. The Weismann barrier appears to be of a more recent evolutionary origin among animals.

## Plants

In plants, genetic changes in somatic lines can and do result in genetic changes in the germ lines, because the germ cells are produced by somatic cell lineages (vegetative meristems), which may be old enough (many years) to have accumulated multiple mutations since seed germination, some of them subject to natural selection. It is noteworthy in this context that, generally speaking, adult, reproducing plants tend to produce many more offspring in number than animal organisms.


title: Well bay

abstract: A well bay is an area of an oil platform where the Christmas trees and wellheads are located. It normally consists of two levels, a lower where the wellheads are accessed and an upper where the Xmas Trees are accessed often along with the various well control panels, which will have pressure gauges and controls for the hydraulically actuated valves, including downhole safety valve and annular safety valve. On a platform with a drilling package, the well bay will be located directly below it to facilitate access for drilling and well interventions.

text:
# Well bay

A **well bay** is an area of an oil platform where the Christmas trees and wellheads are located. It normally consists of two levels, a lower where the wellheads are accessed and an upper where the Xmas Trees are accessed often along with the various well control panels, which will have pressure gauges and controls for the hydraulically actuated valves, including downhole safety valve and annular safety valve. On a platform with a drilling package, the well bay will be located directly below it to facilitate access for drilling and well interventions.


title: Wenceslao Roces

abstract: Wenceslao Roces Suárez was a Spanish professor of Roman law, a prolific translator and undersecretary of the Ministry of Education and Fine Arts. He was a committed Marxist, and had to leave Spain after the Spanish Civil War (1936–39). While in exile he taught at the University of Santiago, the University of Havana and the National Autonomous University of Mexico. He returned to Spain and became a Senator for Asturias for a while before returning to Mexico, where he died.

text:
# Wenceslao Roces

**Wenceslao Roces Suárez** (3 February 1897 – 29 March 1992) was a Spanish professor of Roman law, a prolific translator and undersecretary of the Ministry of Education and Fine Arts. He was a committed Marxist, and had to leave Spain after the Spanish Civil War (1936–39). While in exile he taught at the University of Santiago, the University of Havana and the National Autonomous University of Mexico. He returned to Spain and became a Senator for Asturias for a while before returning to Mexico, where he died.

## Life

Wenceslao Roces Suárez was born on 3 February 1897 in Soto de Sobrescobio, Oviedo, Asturias. His parents were Lucas Roces and María Suárez. He graduated in Law from the University of Oviedo and took his doctorate from the University of Madrid in 1922. He then studied in Germany, and at the age of 26 was given the chair of Roman Law at the University of Salamanca. There he taught historical legal studies until 1931. He published several articles in the *Revista de derecho privado* of Madrid.

Roces married Carmen Dorronsoro, with whom he had two children. He was drawn into the turbulent politics of Spain in the inter-war years, and became a militant activist in the Spanish Communist Party. He would remain a committed Marxist until his death. From 1936 to 1939 he was Undersecretary of the Ministry of Education and Fine Arts in the Republican government. He also directed the *Cénit* and *Logos* publishing houses, and translated many works into Spanish from different languages, but mainly from German. After the end of the Spanish Civil War (1936–39), Roces was forced to leave Spain. He taught at the universities of Santiago, Chile and Havana, Cuba between 1940 and 1942. He then moved to the National Autonomous University of Mexico intending to teach Roman Law at the Faculty of Law. He chose to join the Faculty of Arts, where he was a full professor and taught Greek History, History of Rome, Historical Materialism & Ancient History and Marxist Philosophy. After returning to Spain he was elected Senator, but resigned from that position due to disagreement with the direction of the Communist Party of Spain, and went back to Mexico.

Wenceslao Roces died in Mexico City on 29 March 1992 due to a myocardial infarction and is buried in the Pantheon Garden of Mexico, Federal District.

## Publications

Roces published translations of work by a wide variety of authors including Ernst Bloch, Fernand Braudel, Jacob Burckhardt, Ernst Cassirer, Victor Prosper Considerant, Heinrich August Aemilius Danz, Wilhelm Dilthey, Johann Gustav Droysen, Hermann Duncker, Friedrich Engels, Ernst Fischer, Hans Albrecht Fischer, Georg Friederici, Ludwig Friedländer, Oskar Georg Fischbach, Ernst Glaeser, Ferdinand Gregorovius, Eli Heckscher, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Johan Huizinga, Wilhelm von Humboldt, Werner Jaeger, Hans Kelsen, Theodor Kipp, F. V. Konstantinov, Alexandre Koyré, Paul Lafargue, Otto Lenel, Vladimir Lenin, Karl Marx, Gustav Mayer, Robert Von Mayr, Franz Mehring, Adolf Merkel, Theodor Mommsen, Paul Oertmann, Gustav Radbruch, Leopold von Ranke, Erich Maria Remarque, Erwin Rohde, Mark M. Rosental, Rudolph Sohm, Vladimir Gordeevich Sorin, Philipp Spitta, Joseph Stalin, Rudolf Stammler, Max Stainitzer, John Addington Symonds, Wilhelm Szilasi, Leon Trotsky, Andreas von Tuhr, Wilhelm Windelband, Clara Zetkin and Stefan Zweig.

His own writing includes:

* Roces, Wenceslao (1920). *El caso fortuito en el derecho de obligaciones, tesis de doctorado*. Universidad de Central de Madrid, Facultad de Derecho.
* Roces, Wenceslao (1924). "Creación de un Seminario de Estudios Jurídicos en la Universidad de Salamanca". *RGLJ*. **145**: 714–717.
* Beylj, Grigorii; Panteleev, L. (1930). *La república de los vagabundos*. Prologue by Wenceslao Roces. Madrid: Cenit.
* Feine, E. (1930). *Las sociedades de responsabilidad limitada*. Prologue by Wenceslao Roces. Madrid: Logos.
* Lasalle, Ferdinand (1931). *¿Qué es una Constitución?, con una Introducción Histórica de Franz Mehring*. Prologue by Wenceslao Roces. Madrid: Cenit.
* Marx, Karl; Engles, Friedrich (1932). *El manifiesto comunista*. Historical introduction by Wenceslao Roces, Notes by D. Riazanof. Madrid.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
* Roces, Wenceslao (1941). *El camino de la riqueza. Hechos y doctrinas. Cuatro conferencias pronunciadas en la Institución Hispano-Cubana de Cultura, de la Habana, en enero-febrero de 1941*. Havana.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
* Roces, Wenceslao; Manzano, Veneranda G. (1943). *La cultura y la sanidad en España bajo el Franquisimo*.
* Marx, Karl (1945). *Historia crítica de la teoría de la plusvalía*. Prologue by Wenceslao Roces, 3 volumes. México: FCE.
* Roces, Wenceslao (1951). *Algunas consideraciones sobre el vicio del modernismo en la historia antigua*. México: UNAM.
* Roces, Wenceslao (July 1972). *Necesidad de actualizar la enseñanza del Derecho Romano. Derecho Romano y marxismo. II Congreso interamericano de Derecho Romano*. UNAM.
* Suárez, Wenceslao Roces (1973). *Homenaje a Chile y a Pablo Neruda*.
* Roces, Wenceslao (1977). *La cultura de nuestro tiempo y los problemas de la Universidad*.

1. Martínez Chávez 2012.
2. Schettino Maimón 2015.

## Sources

* Martínez Chávez, Eva Elizabeth (29 February 2012). "ROCES SUÁREZ, Wenceslao (1897-1992)" (in Spanish). Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Retrieved 2015-05-22.
* Schettino Maimón, Ernesto (2015). "Wenceslao Roces" (in Spanish). Faculty of Philosophy and Literature, UNAM. Retrieved 2015-05-22.

## InfoBox

| Wenceslao Roces Suárez | |
| --- | --- |
| Roces in the late 1970s in the Calle Fruela in Oviedo | |
| Born | (1897-02-03)3 February 1897
Soto de Sobrescobio, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain |
| Died | 29 March 1992(1992-03-29) (aged 95)
Mexico City, Mexico |
| Nationality | Spanish |
| Occupation | Professor |
| Known for | Translations of Marxist Writings |


title: Welshfield, Ohio

abstract: Welshfield is an unincorporated community in central Troy Township, Geauga County, Ohio, United States.

text:
# Welshfield, Ohio

**Welshfield** (also **Troy**, **Troy Center**, **Troy Centre**, or **Wellsfield**) is an unincorporated community in central Troy Township, Geauga County, Ohio, United States.

## History

Welshfield was named for Jacob Welsh, a pioneer settler. Jacob Welsh helped build a local church and school in exchange for the naming rights. The community once had a post office that was established on February 23, 1838. When it was discontinued on December 30, 1958, the Burton office began to handle mail for Welshfield addresses.

## Geography

It lies at the intersection of U.S. Route 422 and State Route 700, 1 mile (1.6 km) east of the Cuyahoga River and 3 miles (4.8 km) east of the LaDue Reservoir. Its elevation is 1,234 feet (376 m).

## InfoBox

| Welshfield, Ohio | |
| --- | --- |
| Unincorporated community | |
| Location of Welshfield, Ohio | |
| Coordinates: 41°23′13″N 81°8′32″W / 41.38694°N 81.14222°W / 41.38694; -81.14222 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Ohio |
| County | Geauga |
| Township | Troy |
| Elevation | 1,234 ft (376 m) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| GNIS feature ID | 1061727 |


title: Weckolsheim

abstract: Weckolsheim is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.

text:
# Weckolsheim

**Weckolsheim** (French pronunciation: \[vɛkɔlsaim\] ) is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1968 | 184 |  |
| 1975 | 179 | −0.39% |
| 1982 | 197 | +1.38% |
| 1990 | 252 | +3.13% |
| 1999 | 362 | +4.11% |
| 2007 | 596 | +6.43% |
| 2012 | 612 | +0.53% |
| 2017 | 665 | +1.67% |
| 2020 | 673 | +0.40% |
| Source: INSEE | | |

## InfoBox

| Weckolsheim Wàckelse | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| The town hall in Weckolsheim | |
|  | |
| Location of Weckolsheim | |
| WeckolsheimWeckolsheim | |
| Coordinates: 48°00′12″N 7°30′47″E / 48.0033°N 7.5131°E / 48.0033; 7.5131 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Grand Est |
| Department | Haut-Rhin |
| Arrondissement | Colmar-Ribeauvillé |
| Canton | Ensisheim |
| Intercommunality | Pays Rhin-Brisach |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Arlette Bradat |
| Area**1** | 6.93 km2 (2.68 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 696 |
| Density | 100/km2 (260/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 68360 /68600 |
| Elevation | 194–201 m (636–659 ft)
(avg. 197 m or 646 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Wecoma

abstract:
Wecoma may refer to:
  - RV Wecoma, a seagoing research marine vessel based in Newport, Oregon operated by NOAA and OSU
  - Wecoma, Oregon, a community of the Oregon Coast which was merged into Oceanlake, Oregon in 1945—which in 1965—merged with four other cities to form Lincoln City
  - Wecoma Beach, the current beach adjacent to the former community
  - Wecoma SaaS, a Consent Management Platform (CMP) that provides device-level and user-level consent management for GDPR and ePrivacy compliance.

text:
# Wecoma

**Wecoma** may refer to:

* RV *Wecoma*, a seagoing research marine vessel based in Newport, Oregon operated by NOAA and OSU
* Wecoma, Oregon, a community of the Oregon Coast which was merged into Oceanlake, Oregon in 1945—which in 1965—merged with four other cities to form Lincoln City
* Wecoma Beach, the current beach adjacent to the former community
* Wecoma SaaS, a Consent Management Platform (CMP) that provides device-level and user-level consent management for GDPR and ePrivacy compliance.


title: Wendou M'Bour

abstract: Wendou M'Bour is a town and sub-prefecture in the Gaoual Prefecture in the Boké Region of north-western Guinea. As of 2014 it had a population of 25,150 people.

text:
# Wendou M'Bour

**Wendou M'Bour**  (or **Wendou Borou**) is a town and sub-prefecture in the Gaoual Prefecture in the Boké Region of north-western Guinea. As of 2014 it had a population of 25,150 people.

## InfoBox

| Wendou M'Bour | |
| --- | --- |
| Sub-prefecture and town | |
| Wendou M'BourLocation in Guinea | |
| Coordinates: 11°26′00″N 13°53′00″W / 11.43333°N 13.88333°W / 11.43333; -13.88333 | |
| Country | Guinea |
| Region | Boké Region |
| Prefecture | Gaoual Prefecture |
| Population (2014) | |
| Total | 25,150 |
| Time zone | UTC+0 (GMT) |


title: Werauhia nephrolepis

abstract: Werauhia nephrolepis is a plant species in the genus Werauhia. This species is native to Costa Rica.

text:
# Werauhia nephrolepis

***Werauhia nephrolepis*** is a plant species in the genus *Werauhia*. This species is native to Costa Rica.

* Luther, Harry E. (1995). "An Annotated Checklist of the Bromeliaceae of Costa Rica". *Selbyana*. **16** (2): 230–234. ISSN 0361-185X. JSTOR 41759911.

## InfoBox

| *Werauhia nephrolepis* | |
| --- | --- |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| *Clade*: | Tracheophytes |
| *Clade*: | Angiosperms |
| *Clade*: | Monocots |
| *Clade*: | Commelinids |
| Order: | Poales |
| Family: | Bromeliaceae |
| Genus: | *Werauhia* |
| Species: | ***W. nephrolepis*** |
| Binomial name | |
| ***Werauhia nephrolepis***<br>(L.B.Smith & Pittendrigh) J.R.Grant | |
|


abstract: The men's 94 kg weightlifting event was the sixth men's event at the weightlifting competition, limiting competitors to a maximum of 94 kilograms of body mass. The whole competition took place on August 17, but was divided in two parts due to the number of competitors. Group B weightlifters competed at 10:00, and Group A, at 19:00. This event was the thirteenth weightlifting event to conclude. Each lifter performed in both the snatch and clean and jerk lifts, with the final score being the sum of the lifter's best result in each. The athlete received three attempts in each of the two lifts; the score for the lift was the heaviest weight successfully lifted.

text:
# Weightlifting at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Men's 94 kg

The **men's 94 kg** weightlifting event was the sixth men's event at the weightlifting competition, limiting competitors to a maximum of 94 kilograms of body mass. The whole competition took place on August 17, but was divided in two parts due to the number of competitors. Group B weightlifters competed at 10:00, and Group A, at 19:00. This event was the thirteenth weightlifting event to conclude.

Each lifter performed in both the snatch and clean and jerk lifts, with the final score being the sum of the lifter's best result in each. The athlete received three attempts in each of the two lifts; the score for the lift was the heaviest weight successfully lifted.

## Schedule

All times are China Standard Time (UTC+08:00)

| Date | Time | Event |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 17 August 2008 | 15:30 | Group B |
| | 19:00 | Group A |

## Records

Prior to this competition, the existing world and Olympic records were as follows.

| **World Record** | Snatch | Akakios Kakiasvilis (GRE) | **188 kg** | Athens, Greece | 27 November 1999 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Clean & Jerk | Szymon Kołecki (POL) | **232 kg** | Sofia, Bulgaria | 29 April 2000 |
| | Total | Akakios Kakiasvilis (GRE) | **412 kg** | Athens, Greece | 27 November 1999 |
|  | | | | | | |
| **Olympic Record** | Snatch | Olympic Standard | **187 kg** |  | 1 January 1997 |
| | Clean & Jerk | Olympic Standard | **227 kg** |  | 1 January 1997 |
| | Total | Olympic Standard | **415 kg** |  | 1 January 1997 |

## Results

| Rank | Athlete | Group | Body weight | Snatch (kg) | | | | Clean & Jerk (kg) | | | | Total |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | 1 | 2 | 3 | Result | 1 | 2 | 3 | Result | |
|  | Szymon Kołecki (POL) | A | 93.73 | 174 | 177 | 179 | 179 | 217 | 224 | ~~228~~ | 224 | **403** |
|  | Arsen Kasabiev (GEO) | A | 93.69 | 172 | 176 | ~~178~~ | 176 | 215 | 223 | ~~231~~ | 223 | **399** |
|  | Yoandry Hernández (CUB) | A | 92.30 | ~~172~~ | 172 | 178 | 178 | 215 | ~~220~~ | ~~220~~ | 215 | **393** |
| 4 | Asghar Ebrahimi (IRI) | A | 92.32 | 180 | ~~184~~ | ~~184~~ | 180 | ~~212~~ | 212 | ~~217~~ | 212 | **392** |
| 5 | Roman Konstantinov (RUS) | A | 93.90 | 175 | ~~179~~ | ~~179~~ | 175 | ~~212~~ | 212 | ~~222~~ | 212 | **387** |
| 6 | Jürgen Spieß (GER) | A | 93.74 | 170 | 173 | ~~175~~ | 173 | 206 | 211 | ~~214~~ | 211 | **384** |
| 7 | José Juan Navarro (ESP) | B | 93.09 | 165 | ~~170~~ | 173 | 173 | 206 | 210 | ~~212~~ | 210 | **383** |
| 8 | Artem Ivanov (UKR) | A | 93.97 | 170 | ~~175~~ | ~~175~~ | 170 | 205 | 210 | ~~214~~ | 210 | **380** |
| 9 | Vadim Vacarciuc (MDA) | B | 93.69 | ~~168~~ | 168 | ~~172~~ | 168 | ~~205~~ | 205 | ~~212~~ | 205 | **373** |
| 10 | Eugen Bratan (MDA) | B | 93.71 | 170 | ~~175~~ | ~~175~~ | 170 | 200 | ~~207~~ | ~~207~~ | 200 | **370** |
| 11 | Konstantinos Gkaripis (GRE) | B | 93.01 | 150 | ~~157~~ | 160 | 160 | 190 | 195 | 200 | 200 | **360** |
| 12 | Anastasios Triantafyllou (GRE) | B | 93.90 | 147 | 155 | ~~160~~ | 155 | 185 | 190 | 196 | 196 | **351** |
| 13 | Ravi Bhollah (MRI) | B | 93.03 | 125 | ~~130~~ | ~~130~~ | 125 | 145 | 150 | ~~157~~ | 150 | **275** |
|  | Bartłomiej Bonk (POL) | A | 93.00 | 175 | ~~180~~ | ~~180~~ | 175 | ~~211~~ | ~~211~~ | ~~212~~ |  |  |
|  | Eduardo Guadamud (ECU) | B | 93.71 | 165 | ~~170~~ | ~~170~~ | 165 | ~~206~~ | ~~206~~ | ~~206~~ |  |  |
| DQ | Ilya Ilyin (KAZ) | A | 93.64 | 175 | 180 |  | ~~180~~ | ~~223~~ | 223 | 226 | ~~226~~ | ~~406~~ |
| DQ | Khadzhimurat Akkaev (RUS) | B | 92.99 | 178 | 182 | 185 | ~~185~~ | 212 | 215 | 217 | ~~217~~ | ~~402~~ |
| DQ | Nizami Pashayev (AZE) | A | 93.83 | ~~180~~ | ~~180~~ | 181 | ~~181~~ | ~~215~~ | ~~215~~ | 215 | ~~215~~ | ~~396~~ |

## InfoBox

| Men's 94 kg<br>at the Games of the XXIX Olympiad | |
| --- | --- |
| Venue | Beihang University Gymnasium |
| Date | 17 August |
| Competitors | 18 from 14 nations |
| Medalists | |
| Szymon Kołecki  Poland  Arsen Kasabiev  Georgia  Yoandry Hernández  Cuba | |
|


title: Wenfordbridge

abstract: Wenfordbridge, or Wenford Bridge, is a hamlet some 6 miles (9.7 km) north of Bodmin and on the western flank of Bodmin Moor, in Cornwall, England. It takes its name from an old granite bridge over the River Camel, and lies on the border between the parishes of St Breward and St Tudy. Wenford Bridge was the terminus of a former railway line from Wadebridge that was originally built by the Bodmin and Wadebridge Railway in 1834. The line was built in order to facilitate the transport of sea sand for agricultural use from the estuary of the Camel to the local farms, and never carried passengers. Other traffic included granite and china clay from local quarries, and the line survived to carry the latter until 1983. Today the route of the line forms part of the Camel Trail, a recreational route for walkers, cyclists and horse riders.

text:
# Wenfordbridge

**Wenfordbridge**, or **Wenford Bridge**, is a hamlet some 6 miles (9.7 km) north of Bodmin and on the western flank of Bodmin Moor, in Cornwall, England. It takes its name from an old granite bridge over the River Camel, and lies on the border between the parishes of St Breward and St Tudy.

Wenford Bridge was the terminus of a former railway line from Wadebridge that was originally built by the Bodmin and Wadebridge Railway in 1834. The line was built in order to facilitate the transport of sea sand for agricultural use from the estuary of the Camel to the local farms, and never carried passengers. Other traffic included granite and china clay from local quarries, and the line survived to carry the latter until 1983. Today the route of the line forms part of the Camel Trail, a recreational route for walkers, cyclists and horse riders.

## Pottery

The influential studio potter Michael Cardew purchased the inn at Wenford in 1939 and converted it to a pottery where he produced earthenware and stoneware pottery. After his death his son Seth Cardew carried on the tradition until 2005 when he relocated to Spain.

## Cornish wrestling

Cornish wrestling tournaments, for prizes, have been held at Wenfordbridge.

## The bridge at Wenfordbridge

The bridge over the River Camel at Wenfordbridge is grade 2 listed being one of six on the river, the largest number of listed bridges on any Cornish river.

50°32′41″N 4°42′16″W / 50.544813°N 4.704401°W / 50.544813; -4.704401


title: Weng'an County

abstract: Weng'an County is a county in Qiannan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Guizhou, China. Weng'an has an area of 1973.8 square kilometers and a population of 460,600 as of 2003. On June 28, 2008, a riot happened here.

text:
# Weng'an County

**Weng'an County** (simplified Chinese: 瓮安县; traditional Chinese: 甕安縣; pinyin: *Wèng'ān Xiàn*) is a county in Qiannan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Guizhou, China.

Weng'an has an area of 1973.8 square kilometers and a population of 460,600 as of 2003.

On June 28, 2008, a riot happened here.

## Administrative divisions

Weng'an County is divided into 2 subdistricts, 10 towns and 1 township:

subdistricts * Yongyang 雍阳街道
* Wengshui 瓮水街道

towns * Pingdingying 平定营镇
* Houchang 猴场镇
* Zhongping 中坪镇
* Jianzhong 建中镇
* Yonghe 永和镇
* Zhucang 珠藏镇
* Yushan 玉山镇
* Tianwen 天文镇
* Yinzhan 银盏镇
* Jiangjiehe 江界河镇

township * Languan 岚关乡

## Climate

| Climate data for Weng'an, elevation 1,129 m (3,704 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 22.0
(71.6) | 29.3
(84.7) | 30.6
(87.1) | 32.0
(89.6) | 34.4
(93.9) | 31.9
(89.4) | 34.4
(93.9) | 33.2
(91.8) | 33.2
(91.8) | 29.7
(85.5) | 26.1
(79.0) | 22.7
(72.9) | 34.4
(93.9) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 6.1
(43.0) | 9.3
(48.7) | 13.9
(57.0) | 19.5
(67.1) | 22.9
(73.2) | 25.1
(77.2) | 27.6
(81.7) | 27.7
(81.9) | 24.3
(75.7) | 18.8
(65.8) | 14.5
(58.1) | 8.7
(47.7) | 18.2
(64.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 3.0
(37.4) | 5.6
(42.1) | 9.5
(49.1) | 14.7
(58.5) | 18.4
(65.1) | 21.2
(70.2) | 23.2
(73.8) | 22.7
(72.9) | 19.6
(67.3) | 14.8
(58.6) | 10.4
(50.7) | 5.1
(41.2) | 14.0
(57.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 1.1
(34.0) | 3.1
(37.6) | 6.7
(44.1) | 11.6
(52.9) | 15.3
(59.5) | 18.5
(65.3) | 20.1
(68.2) | 19.4
(66.9) | 16.4
(61.5) | 12.2
(54.0) | 7.6
(45.7) | 2.8
(37.0) | 11.2
(52.2) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −7.1
(19.2) | −7.1
(19.2) | −5.1
(22.8) | 1.1
(34.0) | 4.5
(40.1) | 11.6
(52.9) | 11.2
(52.2) | 11.8
(53.2) | 6.5
(43.7) | 2.1
(35.8) | −4.4
(24.1) | −7.3
(18.9) | −7.3
(18.9) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 32.0
(1.26) | 31.9
(1.26) | 53.7
(2.11) | 102.2
(4.02) | 157.6
(6.20) | 188.2
(7.41) | 190.4
(7.50) | 125.0
(4.92) | 90.1
(3.55) | 92.5
(3.64) | 45.4
(1.79) | 27.5
(1.08) | 1,136.5
(44.74) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 16.9 | 14.9 | 18.7 | 17.7 | 17.9 | 17.8 | 14.4 | 13.5 | 12.5 | 16.5 | 12.9 | 13.8 | 187.5 |
| Average snowy days | 5.9 | 3.6 | 0.6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 2.1 | 12.3 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 84 | 82 | 82 | 81 | 81 | 83 | 81 | 81 | 81 | 84 | 83 | 82 | 82 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 30.7 | 45.2 | 63.5 | 87.8 | 102.4 | 88.1 | 150.1 | 161.6 | 115.9 | 74.0 | 70.7 | 49.8 | 1,039.8 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 9 | 14 | 17 | 23 | 24 | 21 | 36 | 40 | 32 | 21 | 22 | 15 | 23 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## InfoBox

| Weng'an County 瓮安县Wengan | |
| --- | --- |
| County | |
| Weng'an is the northernmost division in this map of Qiannan | |
| Qiannan in Guizhou | |
| Coordinates (Weng'an County government): 27°04′42″N 107°28′15″E / 27.0784°N 107.4709°E / 27.0784; 107.4709 | |
| Country | China |
| Province | Guizhou |
| Autonomous prefecture | Qiannan |
| County seat | Yongyang |
| Area | |
| Total | 1,973.8 km2 (762.1 sq mi) |
| Population (2010) | |
| Total | 380,458 |
| Density | 190/km2 (500/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Postal code | 550400 |
| Area code | 0854 |
| Website | www.wengan.gov.cn |


title: Wenfei Fan

abstract: Wenfei Fan is a Chinese-British computer scientist and professor of web data management at the University of Edinburgh. His research investigates database theory and database systems.

text:
# Wenfei Fan

**Wenfei Fan** (Chinese: 樊文飞; pinyin: *Fán Wénfēi*) is a Chinese-British computer scientist and professor of web data management at the University of Edinburgh. His research investigates database theory and database systems.

## Education

Fan was educated at Peking University (BS, MS) and the University of Pennsylvania where he was awarded a PhD in Computer Science for research supervised by Peter Buneman and Scott Weinstein in 1999.

## Career and research

After his Ph.D. in 1999, he remained in the USA but joined University of Edinburgh in 2004 as a Reader. In 2006, he became Professor of Web Data Management at the university.

Fan has made fundamental contributions to both theory and practice of data management. He has both formalised the problems of querying big data and has developed radically new techniques that overcome the limits associated with conventional database systems. His work has been adopted in the telecommunications industry for analyzing massive data sets that defied their current technology. In addition, Fan has made seminal contributions to data quality, in which he devised new techniques for data cleaning that have found wide commercial adoption. He has also contributed to our understanding of semi-structured data.

### Awards and honors

Fan won the Roger Needham Award in 2008 and is a Fellow of the Royal Society, Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering, a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, a Foreign member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)., and a member of Academia Europaea (MAE).

*This article incorporates text available under the CC BY 4.0 license.*

## InfoBox

| Wenfei FanFRS FREng FRSE MAE | |
| --- | --- |
| 樊文飞 | |
| Fan in 2018 | |
| Alma mater | Peking University (BS, MS)
University of Pennsylvania (PhD) |
| Awards | Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award (2018)
ACM Fellow (2012)
Roger Needham Award (2008) |
| **Scientific career** | |
| Fields | Databases |
| Institutions | University of Edinburgh
Beihang University |
| Thesis | *Path Constraints for Databases with or without Schemas* (1999) |
| Doctoral advisor | Peter Buneman
Scott Weinstein |
|  | |
| Website | homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/wenfei |


title: Welton Le Wold

abstract: Welton le Wold is a village and civil parish in the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. It is situated approximately 4 miles (6 km) west of the town of Louth.

text:
# Welton Le Wold

**Welton le Wold** is a village and civil parish in the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. It is situated approximately 4 miles (6 km) west of the town of Louth.

## History

The name 'Welton le Wold' derives from the Old English *Wella-tun* meaning 'farm/settlement with a spring/stream'. Wold was added to distinguish from the other villages named Welton in Lincolnshire.

The land surrounding Welton le Wold has been subject to intermittent human inhabitation for hundreds of thousands of years. Four flint hand axes discovered in a sand and gravel quarry near Welton le Wold between 1969 and 1973 indicate that the area was once inhabited by archaic humans, probably in the middle Pleistocene, some 400,000 years ago.

A much later Neolithic settlement, perhaps as early as 2,000 BCE, is evident from the bronze age Bowl Barrow north of Warren Farm while a 2nd to 4th century Roman villa at Welton le Wold is betrayed by soil and crop marks and the significant quantity of Roman artefacts and coins found in the area.

Welton is listed in the *Domesday Book* of 1086 as consisting of 57 households and excavation of Medieval earthworks in the village also revealed evidence of buildings occupied in the 11th to 14th centuries, coinciding with the oldest components of St Martin’s Church.

## Landmarks

The parish church is a Grade II\* listed building dedicated to Saint Martin, dating from the 14th century and restored in 1849 by S. S. Teulon. The west tower and the font are 14th-century.

Welton le Wold C of E School was a red-brick school built as a national school in 1840 and reorganised as a junior school in 1928. It closed in July 1974 and is now Grade II listed.

Village website

## InfoBox

| Welton le Wold | |
| --- | --- |
| Church of St Martin, Welton le Wold | |
| Welton le WoldLocation within Lincolnshire | |
| Population | 216 (2011) |
| OS grid reference | TF273869 |
| London | 125 mi (201 km) |
| District |  |
| Shire county |  |
| Region |  |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | Louth |
| Postcode district | LN11 |
|  | |
| Police | Lincolnshire |
| Fire | Lincolnshire |
| Ambulance | East Midlands |
|  | |
| UK Parliament |  |
|


title: Werner Hofmann (art historian)

abstract: Werner Hofmann was an Austrian art historian, cultural journalist, writer, curator and museum director, who is "considered by his colleagues as one of the most distinguished European scholars of modern art and its ideology."

text:
# Werner Hofmann (art historian)

**Werner Hofmann** (8 August 1928 in Vienna – 13 March 2013 in Hamburg) was an Austrian art historian, cultural journalist, writer, curator and museum director, who is "considered by his colleagues as one of the most distinguished European scholars of modern art and its ideology."

## Life and work

Hofmann was the son of Leopold Hofmann and Anna Visvader. From 1947 to 1949, he studied art history at the universities of Vienna and Paris, where he completed a Ph.D. dissertation on the "Graphische Gestaltungsweise von Honoré Daumier". From 1950 to 1955 he worked as an assistant at the Albertina in Vienna. At that time, he was also a visiting professor at Barnard College, Columbia University in New York. In 1960, he published his groundbreaking study on 19th-century European art, *Das Irdische Paradies: Kunst im 19. Jahrhundert*, which was soon translated into English. In it, he explained 19th-century art out of its opposing themes rather than in a chronological manner. In 1964 he was a visiting professor at the University of California at Berkeley.

In 1962, Hofmann was the founding director of Vienna's *Museum of the 20th Century*, which he ran until 1969 – today mumok (*Museum Moderner Kunst Stiftung Ludwig Wien*). From 1969 to 1990 he was director of the Hamburger Kunsthalle. From 1981 to 1982, he held a visiting professorship at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Hofmann curated famous "Kunst um 1800" exhibitions at the Hamburger Kunsthalle on Caspar David Friedrich, Philipp Otto Runge, William Blake, Henry Fuseli, John Flaxman, J. M. W. Turner and Francisco de Goya and also exhibitions on contemporary artists such as Franz Erhard Walther, Joseph Beuys and Georg Baselitz, which are "regarded as milestones in the history of exhibitions at the Hamburger Kunsthalle and for German art museums."

Hofmann is known for having connected two schools of art history: the Vienna School with the Hamburg School. According to the Dictionary of Art Historians, his "work was highly interdisciplinary, drawing examples from music, philosophy and literature to elucidate what were in many cases well-known works of art in new ways. This non-linear, a-historical (but not anti-historical) view of art history influenced a generation of modernist art historians who viewed their art works thematically rather than as a series of style changes."

Still full of energy and having a new project on "Kunstkammern" and Julius von Schlosser's work on the same subject in mind, Hofmann died of a heart attack in a hospital.

## Awards

## Select publications

* *Die Karikatur von Leonardo bis Picasso*. Hamburg 1956.
    + Translated into English as *Caricature from Leonardo to Picasso*. London 1957.
* *Zeichen und Gestalt: Die Malerei des 20. Jahrhunderts*. Frankfurt am Main 1957.
* *Die Plastik des 20. Jahrhunderts*. Frankfurt am Main 1958.
* *Henry Moore: Schriften und Skulpturen*. Frankfurt am Main 1959.
* *Das irdische Paradies: Kunst im 19. Jahrhundert*. Munich 1960.
    + Translated into English as *Art in the Nineteenth Century*, London 1961, and as *The Earthly Paradise: Art in the Nineteenth Century*, New York 1961.
* *L'ouuvre graphique de Georges Braque*. Lausanne 1959.
    + German edition: *Georges Braque: Das graphische Werk*. Stuttgart 1961.
* *Grundlagen der modernen Kunst: Eine Einführung in ihre symbolischen Formen* Stuttgart 1966. Fourth edition, 2003.
* *Von der Nachahmung zur Wirklichkeit: Die schöpferische Befreiung der Kunst 1890–1917*. Cologne 1974.
    + English edition: *Turning Points in 20th Century Art*. London 1969.
* *Kunst und Politik: Über die gesellschaftliche Konsequenz des schöpferischen Handelns*. Cologne 1969.
* *Gustav Klimt und die Wiener Jahrhundertwende*. Salzburg 1970. New edition, Hamburg 2008.
    + English edition: *Gustav Klimt*. Greenwich, CT 1972.
* *Nana: Mythos und Wirklichkeit*. Cologne 1973.
* *Marsyas und Apoll*. Munich 1973.
* *Ossian und die Kunst um 1800*. Exhibition catalog, Hamburger Kunsthalle 1974.
* *Das irdische Paradies: Motive und Ideen des 19. Jahrhunderts*. Munich 1974.
* *Caspar David Friedrich: Kunst um 1800*. Exhibition catalog, Hamburger Kunsthalle, 14 September – 3 November 1974.
* (with Gert Schiff), *Johann Heinrich Füssli, 1741–1825*. Munich 1974.
* *Henry Fuseli, 1741–1825*. Exhibition catalog, Hamburger Kunsthalle and Tate Gallery, London 1975.
* *William Blake, 1757–1827*. Exhibition catalog, Hamburger Kunsthalle 1975.
* *William Turner und die Landschaft seiner Zeit*. Exhibition catalog, Hamburger Kunsthalle 1976.
* *Runge in seiner Zeit*. Exhibition catalog, Hamburger Kunsthalle 1977.
* *John Flaxman: Mythologie und Industrie*. Exhibition catalog, Hamburger Kunsthalle 1979.
* *Bruchlinien: Aufsätze zur Kunst des 19. Jahrhunderts*. Munich 1979.
* *Gegenstimmen. Aufsätze zur Kunst des 20. Jahrhunderts*. Frankfurt am Main 1979.
* *Daumier et ses amis républicains*. Exhibition catalog, Musée Cantini, Marseille 1979.
* *Goya: Das Zeitalter der Revolutionen, 1789–1830*. Exhibition catalog, Hamburger Kunsthalle 1980.
* *Menzel, der Beobachter*. Exhibition catalog, Hamburger Kunsthalle 1982.
* *Luther und die Folgen für die Kunst*. Exhibition catalog. Hamburger Kunsthalle 1983.
* *Pariser Leben: Toulouse-Lautrec und seine Welt*. Exhibition catalog. Hamburger Kunsthalle, 1985–1986.
* *Eva und die Zukunft: Das Bild der Frau seit der Französischen Revolution*. Exhibition catalog. Hamburger Kunsthalle 1986.
* (with Christoph Stöltzl), *Künstler sehen Frieden und Krieg*. Exhibition catalog. Hamburger Kunsthalle 1987.
* *Anhaltspunkte: Studien zur Kunst und Kunsttheorie*. Frankfurt am Main 1989.
* *Europa 1789: Aufklärung, Verklärung, Verfall*. Exhibition catalog, Hamburger Kunsthalle 1989.
* *Das entzweite Jahrhundert, 1750–1830*. Munich 1995.
* *Wie Deutsch ist die deutsche Kunst? Eine Streitschrift*. Leipzig 1999.
* *Caspar David Friedrich: Naturwirklichkeit und Kunstwahrheit*. Munich 2000.
* *Goya: Vom Himmel durch die Welt zur Hölle*. Munich 2003.
    + English edition: *Goya: To Every Story there Belongs Another*. London and New York 2003.
* *Daumier und Deutschland*. Berlin 2004.
* *Die gespaltene Moderne: Aufsätze zur Kunst*. Munich 2004.
* *Degas und sein Jahrhundert*. Munich 2007.
* *Phantasiestücke: Über das Phantastische in der Kunst*. Munich 2010.
* *Die Schönheit ist eine Linie: 13 Variationen über ein Thema*. Munich 2014.

## Further reading

* "Produktive Konflikte". In Martina Sitt, ed., *Kunsthistoriker in eigener Sache*. Berlin 1990, pp. 103–130 (includes autobiographical comments).


title: Werner Holl

abstract: Werner Holl is a retired German pole vaulter. He finished sixth at the 1993 World Indoor Championships and won the bronze medal at the 1997 Summer Universiade. He no-heighted at the 1992 European Indoor Championships, and competed at the 1993 World Championships without reaching the final. Holl became German indoor champion in 1994, won a silver in 1993 and bronze in 1995. At the main German championships, he won a bronze medal in 1991 and silver medals in 1993, 1994 and 1997. He represented the club LG VfB/Kickers Stuttgart. His personal best jump was 5.80 metres, achieved indoors in March 1993 in Nördlingen.

text:
# Werner Holl

**Werner Holl** (born 28 January 1970) is a retired German pole vaulter.

He finished sixth at the 1993 World Indoor Championships and won the bronze medal at the 1997 Summer Universiade. He no-heighted at the 1992 European Indoor Championships, and competed at the 1993 World Championships without reaching the final.

Holl became German indoor champion in 1994, won a silver in 1993 and bronze in 1995. At the main German championships, he won a bronze medal in 1991 and silver medals in 1993, 1994 and 1997. He represented the club LG VfB/Kickers Stuttgart. His personal best jump was 5.80 metres, achieved indoors in March 1993 in Nördlingen.


title: WestCare Foundation

abstract: WestCare Foundation, Inc. is a nonprofit organization offering behavioral health, human services, and support across various locations, including 17 states, Guam, Puerto Rico, the US Virgin Islands, the Republic of Palau, the Dominican Republic, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. Their services range from treatment and rehabilitation to mental health support, housing opportunities, education and prevention, Veteran's services, criminal justice support, and assistance for domestic violence victims.

text:
# WestCare Foundation

**WestCare Foundation, Inc.** is a nonprofit organization offering behavioral health, human services, and support across various locations, including 17 states, Guam, Puerto Rico, the US Virgin Islands, the Republic of Palau, the Dominican Republic, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.

Their services range from treatment and rehabilitation to mental health support, housing opportunities, education and prevention, Veteran's services, criminal justice support, and assistance for domestic violence victims.

## History

WestCare is a non-profit organization founded in 1973. Richard Steinberg is the President of the organization. It offers a diverse range of programs addressing substance abuse, mental health, domestic violence, HIV/AIDS education, homelessness, and support for veterans.

WestCare Arizona manages multiple substance abuse rehab facilities within the state. WestCare California serves as a hub for a wide array of programs, with the opening of the WestCare California (WCCA) Richmond Health and Wellness Center in 2020, marking a significant development in residential treatment and detox facilities for West County.

WestCare Kentucky opened the Judi Patton Center in Elkhorn City in August 2021, offering substance use disorder residential treatment specifically for women in Pike County. WestCare Ohio focuses on education, health, employment readiness, and senior citizen programs tailored for high-poverty neighborhoods.

WestCare Texas, established in 2016, concentrates on wellness, substance abuse recovery, and community assistance. WestCare Pacific Islands (WPI), founded in 2009 and based in Palau since 2015, oversees four programs catering to Veteran families, Guam Healthy Relationships Education, Personal Responsibility Education, and the Guahan Project. Accredited by the Commission on Accreditation of Rehabilitation Facilities (CARF) in 2017, WPI became a contract provider for the United States Department of Veterans Affairs. In 2022 a program was made available for counseling and mental health services to Guam residents in substance abuse recovery.

## Awards and Grants

Various financial contributions and grants have been allocated to different WestCare entities over the years. In 2007, WestCare Nevada received $200,000 for facility renovations. Subsequently, MGM Resorts granted $30,000 to the WestCare Foundation's Women and Children's Campus in 2015. In 2019, WestCare Kentucky secured a $1.36 million award to transform a building into a rehabilitation center for women. In July 2022, WestCare Arizona received a $500,000 grant from the Arizona Attorney General's Office. Additionally, the United States Department of Labor issued grants in 2022, with $500,000 allocated to WestCare Pacific Islands, $493,257 to WestCare Kentucky, and $373,439 to WestCare Oregon. The NBA Foundation also contributed $200,000 to WestCare Texas in July 2022 for its summer youth program. Notably, the City of Dayton granted $4.3 million to WestCare Ohio in 2022 to support its community programs and services.

Official website

## InfoBox

WestCare Foundation, Inc.
| Founded | 1973 |
| --- | --- |
| Headquarters | Las Vegas, Nevada |
| Areas served | United States
US Virgin Islands
Dominican Republic
Puerto Rico
Guam
Republic of Palau |
| Key people | Richard "Dick" Steinberg (President)
Ken Ortbals
(CEO) |
| Services | Mental Health & Wellness
Treatment & Rehabilitation
Criminal Justice
Veteran Services
Housing Opportunities
Education & Prevention
Domestic Violence
Emergency Support |
| Website | westcare.com |


title: Wen-Do

abstract: Wen-Do is a form of self-defence art for women developed by Ned and Ann Paige, a married couple from Toronto, Ontario. Dr. Paige, an optometrist, dedicated himself to creating a program to teach women to protect themselves after hearing of the murder of Kitty Genovese in New York on March 13, 1964. Ned and Anne were practitioners of jujutsu, karate and judo. However, through the years as many more women took up Wen-Do, various techniques were shared and added to the system. The name combines a contraction of the word women with the Japanese word Dō, meaning "way". Though the base and concepts of Wen-Do come from martial arts, Wen-Do is not considered one by its adherents. Wen-Do classes focus on scenarios that often confront women, such as rape and domestic attacks. Classes do not involve any physical contact unless a student is ready and wants to. The system also encompasses feminist and empowering discussion about issues that face women and violence in contemporary society. After WenDo was invented in the 1960s and afterwards spread within the western countries, mainly America, Canada, Europe, it was introduced to Egypt in 2013, by Schirin Salem, to tackle the growing phenomena of sexual harassment in public spaces. WenDo as a practice equips women with practical and easy to apply tools for prevention and protection from different forms of sexual harassment. The set of tools address different types of awareness including psychological awareness, body posture, physical techniques and gender knowledge. The aim is to avoid threatening situations but being able to react if they happen, by taking the appropriate actions. In July 2014 the 1st generation of 14 female Egyptian WenDo trainers was certified. In December 2014, the 2nd generation of WenDo trainers was born, 11 female Egyptian trainers were certified.

text:
# Wen-Do

**Wen-Do** is a form of self-defence art for women developed by Ned and Ann Paige, a married couple from Toronto, Ontario. Dr. Paige, an optometrist, dedicated himself to creating a program to teach women to protect themselves after hearing of the murder of Kitty Genovese in New York on March 13, 1964.

Ned and Anne were practitioners of jujutsu, karate and judo. However, through the years as many more women took up Wen-Do, various techniques were shared and added to the system.

The name combines a contraction of the word *women* with the Japanese word , meaning "way". Though the base and concepts of Wen-Do come from martial arts, Wen-Do is not considered one by its adherents.

Wen-Do classes focus on scenarios that often confront women, such as rape and domestic attacks. Classes do not involve any physical contact unless a student is ready and wants to. The system also encompasses feminist and empowering discussion about issues that face women and violence in contemporary society.

After WenDo was invented in the 1960s and afterwards spread within the western countries, mainly America, Canada, Europe, it was introduced to Egypt in 2013, by Schirin Salem, to tackle the growing phenomena of sexual harassment in public spaces (such as streets, transportation means, work places etc.). WenDo as a practice equips women with practical and easy to apply tools for prevention and protection from different forms of sexual harassment. The set of tools address different types of awareness including psychological awareness, body posture, physical techniques and gender knowledge. The aim is to avoid threatening situations but being able to react if they happen, by taking the appropriate actions. In July 2014 the 1st generation of 14 female Egyptian WenDo trainers was certified. In December 2014, the 2nd generation of WenDo trainers was born, 11 female Egyptian trainers were certified.

* Model Mugging, another feminist self-defense program, now known as Impact, uses padded attacker.


title: Wesleyan Student Assembly

abstract: The Wesleyan Student Assembly (WSA) is a group of students elected annually to represent Wesleyan University's undergraduate student body. Members serve as student advocates in all areas of the university, including matters related to student life, academics, campus facilities and finances. For example, the New York Times noted in 2008: "The good news for students and their parents facing high tuition bills is that the student government at Wesleyan University voted last month to establish an endowment to reduce costs at the liberal arts university in Middletown. Wesleyan’s student endowment, which will be created with surplus from the activity fees paid by all students, may be the first of its kind, according to university officials and higher-education experts." The WSA's composition and basic operating procedures are outlined in its Constitution, while its by-laws delve into the details of its sub-committees, organization, the functioning of the Assembly as a whole, and allocation of money to student groups.

text:
# Wesleyan Student Assembly

The **Wesleyan Student Assembly** (**WSA**) is a group of students elected annually to represent Wesleyan University's undergraduate student body. Members serve as student advocates in all areas of the university, including matters related to student life, academics, campus facilities and finances. For example, the *New York Times* noted in 2008: "The good news for students and their parents facing high tuition bills is that the student government at Wesleyan University voted last month to establish an endowment to reduce costs at the liberal arts university in Middletown. Wesleyan’s student endowment, which will be created with surplus from the activity fees paid by all students, may be the first of its kind, according to university officials and higher-education experts."

The WSA's composition and basic operating procedures are outlined in its Constitution, while its by-laws delve into the details of its sub-committees, organization, the functioning of the Assembly as a whole, and allocation of money to student groups.

## History

Wesleyan's student government originated as the College Body Senate in 1903. "The College Body of Wesleyan University" was formed in 1963 in response to a desire for better organization and was directed by the College Body Committee, composed of five elected undergraduates. In 1975, the Wesleyan Students' Union was formed to fill the need for an organization to lobby specifically on behalf of student interests. A $1 membership was required.

In 1978, 89% of the voting population approved a campus-wide referendum to form the Wesleyan Student Assembly. The Assembly was composed of seven standing committees with 45 members serving during the fall term and 38 members during the spring term.

The WSA has undergone a number of changes in composition throughout its history. In 1980, the Assembly had 37 members; in 1981 the membership shrank to 27 members. The Assembly was again altered in 1984 to 28 members and persisted in this form until 1992, when it was expanded to 40 members. In 1997, the WSA underwent another major change, reducing it to 37 members. In 2009, the Concert Committee Chair was added, expanding membership to 38 members; in 2010 the merger of the Community Outreach and Organization and External Affairs committees led to the elimination of two seats, capping the current WSA's membership at 36. Seats were later added to return to 38 members.

Over time, the distribution of representatives has been changed from the basis of geographic location on campus to the basis of class year. During the 1990s, the Assembly leadership was expanded from a coordinator position to a student-body president, vice-president format.

The WSA enjoys a storied history of successes, reforms and restructurings as well as dramatic resignations and heated debate. The Assembly has played an integral role in the university's past efforts at curricular renewal and reform of graduation requirements. Recently, the WSA has influenced the Wesleyan academic calendar, residential life procedures, long-term financial planning, and numerous other issues.

## Committee structure

The WSA is run through the leadership board (LB, composed of the president, vice-president, chief of staff, and five other committee chairs. The LB is tasked with setting the WSA's weekly agenda, identifying key student issues, and developing the best course of action for addressing them. All members of the LB serve as student representatives to Wesleyan University’s board of trustees.

The five standing committees of the WSA are the Academic Affairs Committee, the Community Committee, the Equity and Inclusion Committee, the Student Budget Committee, and the Student Life Committee.

The Academic Affairs Committee (AAC) is responsible for representing the academic concerns of the student body to the faculty and administration. The chair and vice-chair of the AAC serve as two of the eight voting members on the faculty Educational Policy Committee (EPC).

The Community Committee (CoCo) is responsible for recognizing new and returning student groups, Middletown relations, and issues of inclusion and diversity. It works extensively with the Student Budget Committee and Wesleyan's Student Activities and Leadership Development Office to facilitate student group activities. CoCo also serves as steward of the 190 High Street building, the only student-only space on Wesleyan's campus.

The Chief of Staff oversees the day-to-day running of the Wesleyan Student Assembly, including managing minutes, committee reports, outreach to the campus writ large, elections, appointments, and other administrative functions.

The Student Life Committee (SLC) works to address issues related to student life at Wesleyan. This includes residential life, student health services, alcohol and other drug issues, judicial process, Greek life, campus climate, public safety, and fire safety appeals. All members of the SLC also sit on the Student Affairs Advisory Committee (SAAC), which makes upper-level decisions with key administrators about student life policy.

The Equity and Inclusion Committee (EIC) is responsible for serving members of historically marginalized communities by promoting equity and inclusion-driven projects within the WSA, actively recruiting members from historically underrepresented groups to serve on the WSA, and intentionally seeking and elevating their voices. It was created at the end of the Spring 2021 semester.

The Student Budget Committee (SBC) allocates money to student groups for special projects and events open to the entire student body. The SBC's budget comes out of the Student Activities Fee, a $300 fee paid for by all students at the beginning of each year. The Student Activity Fee funds, among other things:

* The Wesleyan Argus
* The Wesleyan Arcadia Political Review
* The Crowell Concert Series
* The Wesleyan Film Series
* WesU Radio Station
* Spring Fling
* Student-run publications (poetry, fiction, narrative, and others)
* All club sports teams
* Music and arts groups
* Shakti
* Wesleyan Ski Team
* Activist events
* Honorariums for speakers on campus
* Performances (costumers, lighting, props, others)

## The WSA Endowment

At the end of the spring semester of 2008, the WSA established one of the first-ever student government endowments. The endowment functions to prevent increases in the student activities fee, a $300 annual charge that is used to fund activities planned by student groups.

## The Committee for Investor Responsibility

The Committee for Investor Responsibility (CIR) is tasked with considering "issues of ethical, moral, and social responsibility in the investment policies of Wesleyan University."

The committee engages in shareholder advocacy on behalf of Wesleyan, which may include proxy voting, corporate letter writing, and the filing of shareholder resolutions.

The eleven voting members of the CIR are representative of the Wesleyan community. The committee includes students, faculty, staff, and alumni.

The Committee for Investor Responsibility (CIR) was established in February 2009.

## The Student Affairs Advisory Committee

The Student Affairs Advisory Committee (SAAC) is a joint student-administrative policy-making body that addresses the most significant issues of student life at Wesleyan.

The SAAC is co-chaired by the chair of the WSA's Student Life Committee (SLC) and Wesleyan's vice president for student affairs. Its membership also includes the other eight students serving on the SLC, the Dean of Students, the director of Student Activities & Leadership Development, the director of Residential Life, and the director of the Usdan University Center.

Among the most substantial policy changes to come out of the SAAC in recent years were the creation of the Fire Safety and Facilities Appeals Board, allowing students to appeal fines for fire safety violations, and the development of a policy to allows political speakers to come to campus.

## University Outreach Committee

The University Outreach Committee (UOC) provides a forum for students to provide feedback and suggestions regarding university outreach to the university administration. This includes messaging, techniques, and initiatives used by the university to engage, communicate with, and present itself to the wider Wesleyan community and to the outside world. Recent topics of discussion have been the use of new media and the promotion of student accomplishments.

## InfoBox

Wesleyan Student Assembly
|
|  |
| Institution | Wesleyan University |
| Location | Middletown, Connecticut |
| Established | 1903 |
| President | Orly Meyer ’24 |
| Vice president | Elenna Brennan ’24 |
| Website | wesleyanstudentassembly.org |


title: Wenddorf

abstract: Wenddorf is a village and a former municipality in the Börde district in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 1 January 2010, it is part of the municipality Angern.

text:
# Wenddorf

**Wenddorf** is a village and a former municipality in the Börde district in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Since 1 January 2010, it is part of the municipality Angern.

## InfoBox

| Wenddorf | |
| --- | --- |
| Ortsteil of Angern | |
|  | |
| Location of Wenddorf | |
| Wenddorf Wenddorf | |
| Coordinates: 52°23′N 11°45′E / 52.383°N 11.750°E / 52.383; 11.750 | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Saxony-Anhalt |
| District | Börde |
| Municipality | Angern |
| Area | |
| Total | 6.51 km2 (2.51 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 37 m (121 ft) |
| Population (2006-12-31) | |
| Total | 117 |
| Density | 18/km2 (47/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal codes | 39517 |
| Dialling codes | 039363 |
| Website | www.elbe-heide.de |


title: Wende Museum

abstract: The Wende Museum is an art museum, historical archive of the Cold War, and center for creative community engagement in Culver City, California.

text:
# Wende Museum

The **Wende Museum** is an art museum, historical archive of the Cold War, and center for creative community engagement in Culver City, California.

## Mission

*Wende* (pronounced “venda”) is a German word that translates into English as “transformation.” It commonly refers to the era of uncertainty and possibility leading up to and following the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 and the subsequent dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.

Embracing a spirit of continual transformation as part of its mission, the Wende aspires to reach beyond the conventional walls of a museum, placing equal value on international scholarship, community engagement, digital access, and wide-ranging experimentation.

Founded in 2002, the Wende Museum holds one of the largest collections of art and artifacts from the Cold War era, which serves as a foundation for programs that illuminate political and cultural changes of the past, offer opportunities to make sense of a changing present, and inspire active participation in personal and social change for a better future.

The Wende aims to explore and inspire change through

## Collections

The Wende's collections are a resource for learning about the vanishing cultural, political, and artistic histories of the former East Bloc countries and the Soviet Union, as well as countries with a history of socialism including China, Vietnam, and North Korea. The Wende supports emerging fields of aesthetic and academic study in visual and material culture studies as well as cultural history. The museum promotes a multi-layered exploration and discussion of the Cold War era on a global scale.

The collection focuses on:

1. materials originating from East Germany, with more than 50% of the collection from the GDR;
2. items used in everyday life and artworks capturing lived experience;
3. materials that document "Wende Moments," or junctures in Cold War history marked by extreme change—beginnings, endings, and transformative events such as the formation of the Warsaw Pact, the fall of the Berlin Wall, German reunification, and the collapse of the Soviet Union;
4. and official and unofficial artwork.

The collection ranges from consumer products (e.g., computers, radios, records, toiletries, foodstuff) to works of modern and contemporary art in all media (e.g., paintings, drawings, sculptures, graphics, photographs), iconic political symbols (e.g., statuary, medals, flags, uniforms, commemorative gifts), and archives—including a substantial gift from East German leader Erich Honecker's estate—and some 3,500 16mm documentary, animation, and educational films as well as home movies from the GDR. The museum contains large collections of furniture, flags and banners, commemorative plates, communist folk art, menus, family albums, and design items. In recent years, the museum has acquired collections of Hungarian Cold War era artworks and artifacts, Russian hippie materials from the 1960s and 1970s, Polish solidarity materials, Soviet demilitarization albums, and artifacts from the now-shuttered KGB Espionage Museum.

The museum's East German collections are the subject of a major publication, *Beyond the Wall: Art and Artifacts from the GDR/ Jenseits der Mauer. Kunst und Alltagsgegenstände aus der DDR* (TASCHEN, 2014). In 2019, TASCHEN published a smaller second edition of the book, *The East German Handbook,* featuring text in both English and German.

The museum's collections have been exhibited in a number of other museums and institutions, including the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Imperial War Museum (London), Harry S. Truman Presidential Library and Museum (Independence, MO), Ronald Reagan Presidential Library (Simi Valley, CA), Gerald Ford Presidential Library (Ann Arbor, MI), the International Spy Museum (Washington, D.C.), and the Getty Research Institute (Los Angeles).

### Historical Witness Project

The Wende Museum's Historical Witness Project provides insight into life behind the Iron Curtain through the collection, preservation, and sharing of oral histories from people who lived in the former Eastern Bloc. Supported by Joel Aronowitz and Fiona Chalom, the project exists so that both historical witnesses and younger generations can encounter, reflect upon, and learn from personal testimonies that illuminate history as lived experience.

In 2011, The Albanian Human Rights Project deposited its archive at the Wende Museum, including more than 70 filmed interviews with survivors of political persecution in Albania.

## Events and Public Programs

The museum's public programming and educational initiatives provide resources and opportunities for individuals to interpret the past and to discover the global implications of the Cold War today. The museum uses the Cold War as a lens to examine contemporary life and creative expression, and to draw parallels between the past and the present day.

**Music at the Wende** is a free concert series in which musical organizations present programs inspired by the Wende's mission. Launched in October 2018, Music at the Wende has been held for two seasons and included performances by (Monday) Evening Concerts, Jacaranda Music, Delirium Musicum, Hear Now, Kamau Daáood and A Band of Griots, Piano Spheres, SASSAS, the Long Beach Opera, Polyphony, Classical Underground, wasteLAnd, and Beth Morrison Projects.

**Wende Conversations** is a program series that presents lectures, panel discussions and interviews at the museum and online. Supported by Rick Feldman and Susan Horowitz, program highlights include the panel series “In Search of Our Times,” an analysis of our present day through the lens of history; the on-site and online interview series “Art-Past-Present” about the significance of history and memory in contemporary artwork; and the online discussion series “Cold War Spaces,” which uses space as a gateway to Cold War cultural history.

### Wende Online

The Wende Museum has developed a calendar of online programs including the "Art Past Present" discussion series and the "Cold War Spaces" talks. Past "Cold War Spaces" topics have included *Private Space in the Soviet Union*, *Queer Spaces in East Germany*, *Community Space: Multimedia Art and African American Community Formation in LA*, and *Aesthetic Space: Artistic Interpretations of Cold War History.*

Other ongoing programs include "Friday Night Films at the Wende" and monthly "Family Day at the Wende" workshops.

## Programming Highlights

***(De)constructing Ideology: The Cultural Revolution and Beyond*** (November 13, 2022 – March 12, 2023) was the Wende's first exhibition focused on communist China, exploring the history and artistic production of the Cultural Revolution.

***The Medium is the Message: Flags and Banners*** (April 10, 2022 – October 23, 2022) combined Cold War-era political flags from communist countries and critical appropriations from the period with contemporary artworks.

***Soviet Jewish Life*** (November 14, 2021 – March 20, 2022) was an exploration of Jewish life in the Soviet Union, focusing on the Refuseniks and on the underground publication and distribution of samizdat materials banned by the authorities.

***Questionable History*** (November 14, 2021 – March 20, 2022) invited visitors to ask questions about curatorial decisions, exploring how our contemporary moment informs views of history.

***Transformations*** (October 4, 2020 – October 24, 2021) presented the metamorphosis of household and consumer goods from objects of everyday life to items in a museum collection, by way of flea markets.

***The Medea Insurrection*** (November 9, 2019 – April 5, 2020) was the first major exhibition on critical, countercultural, and dissident women artists in Eastern Europe during the Cold War era. Conceptualized and curated by Susanne Altmann for the Albertinum (Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden), it was adapted by the Wende Museum for its Culver City location.

***Upside-Down Propaganda: The Art of North Korean Defector Sun Mu*** (February 10 - June 2, 2019) was the first U.S. museum exhibition of North Korean dissident artist Sun Mu. The exhibition featured paintings in the style of propaganda posters that satirically portrayed the politics of North Korea.

***War of Nerves: Psychological Landscapes of the Cold War*** (September 20 - January 13, 2019) was organized in collaboration with the Wellcome Collection (London). The exhibition looked at the Cold War as “a war of the mind”, exploring the mutual suspicion, fear and mistrust between the Soviet Bloc and the West.

***Promote, Tolerate, Ban: Art and Culture in Cold War Hungary*** (May 20 – August 26, 2018) was a joint exhibition presented by the Wende Museum and the Getty Research Institute (GRI) which combined their rich and complementary Hungarian collections to convey the story of Hungary's visual culture between the 1956 uprising in Budapest and the end of the regime in 1989.

***Cold War Spaces*** (November 19, 2017 - April 29, 2018) explored Cold War era Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union through the physical and ideological spatial relations and divisions of the time.

***Competing Utopias*** (July 13 to September 13, 2014) was organized in collaboration with the Neutra VDL Studio and Residences. The exhibition was an experimental installation of East German modernist interior design objects from the Wende Museum's collection within the VDL Research House, an iconic mid-century example of California architecture by Austrian-American architect Richard Neutra.

***Deconstructing Perestroika*** (January 28 - May 6, 2012) was an exhibition organized in collaboration with the Craft and Folk Art Museum in Los Angeles which featured 24 original, hand-painted poster designs by 13 artists in response to Mikhail Gorbachev's transformative policies of *Glasnost* and *Perestroika* in the late 1980s.

***Facing the Wall*** (January 2009 – June 2017) was a long-term installation that reflected upon larger issues of the human impact of the Cold War and the activities, behaviors, and opinions of those living during those tumultuous times. It traced the personal stories of four individuals and explored the complex, interconnected, and often contradictory nature of history.

***The Wall Project*** (November 8, 2009) commemorated the 20th anniversary of the fall of the Berlin Wall with the installation of ten original segments in front of 5900 Wilshire Boulevard. As part of the project, four artists—Marie Astrid González, Farrah Karapetian, Thierry Noir, and Kent Twitchell—were invited to paint the original segments and a temporary replica was painted by the artist Shepard Fairey and others during an event titled "The Wall Across Wilshire" that closed down Wilshire Boulevard and temporarily divided Los Angeles.

## Future Museum Activities

In 2021, the Wende Museum announced that it was one of 45 cultural, educational, and scientific institutions throughout Southern California to receive support from the Getty Foundation for their Pacific Standard Time initiative to explore the intersection of art and science. The planned exhibition “Connected Dreamworlds” is slated for 2024.

The Wende Museum has begun the expansion of its campus through the construction of the Glorya Kaufman Creative Community Center, a mixed-use space for culture, education, and social services, with programming and services provided by multiple Culver City community organizations working in partnership.

## Organizational History

The Wende Museum was founded in 2002 by Justinian Jampol, a native of Los Angeles and scholar of modern European history.

The museum was housed for more than a decade in an office park. In November 2012, the City Council of Culver City voted unanimously to approve a 75-year lease of the former United States National Guard Armory building on Culver Boulevard as the permanent location of the Wende Museum. The Armory building was originally constructed in 1949 as the Cold War began to escalate, and was decommissioned in March 2011. Following renovations, the Wende Museum opened to the public at the Armory site in November 2017, designed in a spirit of transparency.

The one-acre campus includes a former East German guardhouse that once monitored and controlled access to the Allgemeiner Deutscher Nachrichtendienst (ADN), the state-run, monopoly news agency of the German Democratic Republic. The guardhouse now plays host to installations that explore how a site of control can be reimagined by contemporary artists as a tool for critically examining our contemporary relationship to open communication and state power.

## InfoBox

The Wende Museum and Archive of the Cold War
|  | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Established | 2002 |
| Location | 10808 Culver Blvd, Culver City, CA 90230 |
| Coordinates | 34°00′42″N 118°24′14″W / 34.011647°N 118.403932°W / 34.011647; -118.403932 |
| Type | Cultural Museum |
| Director | Justinian Jampol |
| Public transit access | Culver City Bus 3 and Metro Local bus 108 and 358 at Slauson Avenue/Buckingham Parkway |
| Website | www.wendemuseum.org |


title: West End F.C. (Dundee)

abstract: West End Football Club was an association football club from Dundee, Scotland.

text:
# West End F.C. (Dundee)

**West End Football Club** was an association football club from Dundee, Scotland.

## History

The club was formed in 1880, and its first reported match was against the 2nd XI of a club simply termed "Dundee" in February 1881.

Once the club had acquired private grounds, it was able to enter the Scottish Cup, and did so for the first time in 1882–83. West End beat Strathmore of Dundee 1–0 at Rollo's Pier, thanks to the only goal of the game from White, converting a cross 7 minutes before half-time. In the second round, West End lost 5–1 to Vale of Teith, although an "excellent tea" at the Woodside Hotel in Doune afterwards left the West End players "highly delighted".

The club entered the Cup three more times, but never won another tie. It gained a walkover into the second round in 1884–85 when the ill-named Perseverance did not turn up for the first round tie, but was thrashed 8–1 at Dundee Our Boys. In its last entry, in 1885–86, West End was drawn at home to Broughty, and, benefitting from a strong wind behind its players' backs in the first half, took a two-goal lead in the first five minutes, and went 3–0 up before Broughty pulled one back before half-time; now playing with the wind, Broughty brought the match back to 3–3 but could not force a winner. The replay at Forthill also ended 3–3, the final goal of the game being an own goal in West End's favour, and both sides progressed to the second round. West End was drawn at home to the other Strathmore of Arbroath and lost 5–4, eight of the goals coming in a "fast and furious" second half.

West End had a little more success in the Forfarshire Cup, entering from 1883–84 to 1885–86, and winning in the first round in each of its entries; its first tie, against Windmill F.C., was the club's biggest competitive win, scoring 11 without reply. The club was drawn at home to holders Arbroath in the second round, and narrowly lost 3–2, surprising the spectators by taking an early lead. It reached the semi-final in 1884–85 - albeit only winning one tie to get so far - but scratched to Strathmore (Arbroath) in the semi-final.

West End's final tie in the competition was against the Arbroath Strathmore again, in the second round in 1885–86. West End won the tie 4–1, but it was replayed after a protest, and this time the Strathie won 4–3; a West End protest that it had two goals wrongly disallowed was dismissed.

By 1885 the club was outgunned by the other Dundee sides, not having significantly recruited since its foundation. It had 57 members, compared to East End's 90, Strathmore's 150, Dundee Harp's 170, and Our Boys' 240. Although at the time the club "ha\[d\] never been seen to better advantage in the past seasons", the club did not survive the 1885–86 season, the final reported match known being a 4–2 defeat at Strathmore (Arbroath) in February. The club was struck off the Scottish Football Association roll before the start of the 1886–87 season. The West End name was taken in April 1887 by the Dundee Bluebell club.

## Colours

The club played in navy jersey and hose, with white knickers.

## Grounds

In common with other Dundee clubs, West End had a number of grounds:

* 1880–82: Magdalen Green public park
* 1882–83: private ground on Perth Road
* 1883–84: Balgay Farm
* 1884–86: private grounds named Boghead, on Blackness Road.

The club borrowed Rollo's Pier to host Hibernian in a friendly in October 1885; an estimated 3–4,000 spectators saw the visitors win 10–0.

## InfoBox

West End
| Full name | West End Football Club |
| --- | --- |
| Nickname(s) | the Enders |
| Founded | 1880 |
| Dissolved | 1886 |
| Ground | Blackness Road |
| President | David Wynd, Andrew Pennie |
| Secretary | Alexander Chalmers, George C. Owen |
| Captain | R. C. Stiven |
|  | |
|  | |
|  | |


title: Wentworth, South Yorkshire

abstract: Wentworth is a village and civil parish in the Metropolitan Borough of Rotherham in South Yorkshire, England. In the 2001 Census the parish had a population of 1,223, increasing to 1,478 at the 2011 Census. The civil parish includes the village of Harley on the B6090 road to the west of the main settlement.

text:
# Wentworth, South Yorkshire

**Wentworth** is a village and civil parish in the Metropolitan Borough of Rotherham in South Yorkshire, England.

In the 2001 Census the parish had a population of 1,223, increasing to 1,478 at the 2011 Census.

The civil parish includes the village of Harley on the B6090 road to the west of the main settlement.

## History

The village's history is dominated by the Wentworth, Watson-Wentworth and Wentworth-Fitzwilliam families who lived in Wentworth Woodhouse. They also owned perhaps most of the land in the village. Wentworth gained some independence when the Fitzwilliam family line ended in 1979.

The village dates back to at least 1066, according to the Domesday Book. About 1250 Robert Wentworth married Emma Woodhouse, beginning the Wentworth-Woodhouse line; the family lived in the area for over 450 years. The lands then passed to the Watson family when William Wentworth, 2nd Earl of Strafford died without heir; the Watsons held the land until 1782. During this time most of the local follies were built. The Fitzwilliam ownership ended in 1979 when Thomas Wentworth-Fitzwilliam, 10th Earl Fitzwilliam died.

The Old Holy Trinity Church, the village's first church was a chapel of ease to All Saints Church, Wath Upon Dearne. Like its successor it was the principal place of worship on the estate, dedicated to the Holy Trinity, and is thought to date to the 12th century. James Nasmyth, the developer of the steam hammer, and his bride Anne Hartop were married there on 16 June 1840.

The new church, Holy Trinity Parish Church, was commissioned in 1872 by the 6th Earl Fitzwilliam to the design of John Loughborough Pearson, an exponent of the Gothic Revival style, and was consecrated in 1877 by the Archbishop of York.

In September 1999 Wentworth Brewery was established at the old power station on the Wentworth estate. The Brewery ceased trading at the beginning of June 2016.

## Landmarks

The village has cottages and houses of architectural and historic interest. The site of the village stocks in Main Street is now occupied by a telephone kiosk; opposite is the base of the village cross. The oldest known cottage, Ivy Cottage (a cruck cottage off Main Street), is attached to Snowdrop Farm.

The major landmark is the country house Wentworth Woodhouse. In the grounds of the house are 21 follies, including the Needle's Eye, Hoober Stand, Keppel's Column, the Rockingham Mausoleum, the Ionic Temple and Doric Temple, the Vinegar Stone, and the Bean Seat. Close to Hoober Stand is the Hoober Observatory of the Mexborough & Swinton Astronomical Society. The Wentworth Brewery was based in the old power house until it ceased trading in June 2016.

## Further reading

* Howse, Geoffrey; *The Wentworths of Wentworth : the Fitzwilliam (Wentworth) Estates & the Wentworth monuments*; Trustees of the Fitzwilliam Wentworth Amenity Trust (2002). ISBN 0-9543066-9-4
* Young, Roy; *The Big House And The Little Village*; Wentworth Garden Centre (2000).
* Young, Roy; *Faith In The Village*; Wentworth Garden Centre (2000).

## InfoBox

| Wentworth | |
| --- | --- |
| Old Holy Trinity Church, Wentworth | |
| WentworthLocation within South Yorkshire | |
| Population | 1,478 (2011 census) |
| OS grid reference | SK385985 |
| Civil parish | * Wentworth |
| District |  |
| Shire county |  |
| Region |  |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | ROTHERHAM |
| Postcode district | S62 |
| Dialling code | 01226 |
|  | |
| Police | South Yorkshire |
| Fire | South Yorkshire |
| Ambulance | Yorkshire |
|  | |
| UK Parliament |  |
|


title: Wesley Carvalho

abstract: Wesley Oliveira de Carvalho is a Brazilian football coach. He is the current assistant coach of Cruzeiro.

text:
# Wesley Carvalho

**Wesley Oliveira de Carvalho** (born 4 June 1974) is a Brazilian football coach. He is the current assistant coach of Cruzeiro.

## Career

Born in Itapetinga, Bahia, Carvalho played was a goalkeeper in Vitória's youth setup, being Dida's backup during the 1993 Copa São Paulo de Futebol Júnior. He never played professionally during his career, but still joined the very same club in 1997, as a goalkeeping coach.

Carvalho left the club in 2003, and returned on two more occasions, being manager of the under-17s and the under-20s in the latter. On 20 May 2015, after Claudinei Oliveira's dismissal, he was named interim manager of the main squad in the Série B; he left the post a couple of weeks later, with three wins in four matches.

On 2 May 2017, Carvalho was again interim of the first team, replacing sacked Argel Fucks. Late in the month, after winning the year's Campeonato Baiano, he moved to Palmeiras and took over the under-20 squad. In October, he became Alberto Valentim's assistant in the first team, but returned to his previous role ahead of the 2018 season.

In July 2018, Carvalho was *Verdão's* interim for one match, a 3–0 win over Paraná. On 24 August 2021, he left the club on a mutual agreement.

On 25 January 2022, it was announced that Carvalho would be the new under-20 manager of Santos, but instead he moved to Athletico Paranaense to become their under-23 manager on 9 February. On 5 May, after the club dismissed assistants Maurício Souza and Bruno Lazaroni, he was named interim head coach of the side for one match.

An assistant of the first team for the 2023 campaign, Carvalho was named Athletico's interim head coach on 16 June 2023, after the sacking of Paulo Turra. He returned to the assistant role at the end of the season, and left the club on 15 March 2024.

## Managerial statistics

*As of 6 December 2023*

Managerial record by team and tenure
| Team | Nat. | From | To | Record | | | | | | | | Ref |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | G | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Win % | |
| Vitória (interim) |  | 20 May 2015 | 6 June 2015 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 9 | 5 | +4 | 075.00 |  |
| Vitória (interim) |  | 2 May 2017 | 11 May 2017 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | +0 | 000.00 |  |
| Palmeiras (interim) |  | 26 July 2018 | 29 July 2018 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | +3 | 100.00 |  |
| Athletico Paranaense U23 |  | 9 February 2022 | 31 December 2022 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 12 | 7 | +5 | 060.00 |  |
| Athletico Paranaense (interim) |  | 5 May 2022 | 7 May 2022 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | +1 | 100.00 |  |
| Athletico Paranaense (interim) |  | 16 June 2023 | 7 December 2023 | 32 | 12 | 12 | 8 | 43 | 32 | +11 | 037.50 |  |
| **Career total** | | | | 44 | 20 | 13 | 11 | 68 | 44 | +24 | 045.45 |  |

## Honours

**Vitória**

## InfoBox

Wesley Carvalho
| Personal information | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Full name | Wesley Oliveira de Carvalho | | |
| Date of birth | (1974-06-04) 4 June 1974 | | |
| Place of birth | Itapetinga, Brazil | | |
| Position(s) | Goalkeeper | | |
| Team information | | | |
| Current team | Cruzeiro (assistant) | | |
| Youth career | | | |
| Years | **Team** | | |
|  | Vitória | | |
| Managerial career | | | |
| 2010–2012 | Vitória U17 | | |
| 2012–2017 | Vitória U20 | | |
| 2015 | Vitória (interim) | | |
| 2017 | Vitória (interim) | | |
| 2017 | Palmeiras U20 | | |
| 2017 | Palmeiras (assistant) | | |
| 2018–2021 | Palmeiras U20 | | |
| 2018 | Palmeiras (interim) | | |
| 2022 | Athletico Paranaense U23 | | |
| 2022 | Athletico Paranaense (interim) | | |
| 2023–2024 | Athletico Paranaense (assistant) | | |
| 2023 | Athletico Paranaense (interim) | | |
| 2024– | Cruzeiro (assistant) | | |