title: Phagun Bou

abstract: Phagun Bou is an Indian Bengali television soap opera that premiered on 19 March 2018 on Star Jalsha. It was produced under Magic Moments Motion Pictures of Saibal Banerjee and Leena Gangopadhyay. The show starred Vikram Chatterjee and Oindrila Sen in lead roles and Koushik Roy in a negative role. The show was shot in parts of North Bengal. In the third week of June 2018, Phagun Bou became the most watched show on its airing channel, Star Jalsha. It had a target rating point of 6.4 in its first week.

text:
# Phagun Bou

***Phagun Bou*** is an Indian Bengali television soap opera that premiered on 19 March 2018 on Star Jalsha. It was produced under Magic Moments Motion Pictures of Saibal Banerjee and Leena Gangopadhyay. The show starred Vikram Chatterjee and Oindrila Sen in lead roles and Koushik Roy in a negative role.

The show was shot in parts of North Bengal. In the third week of June 2018, *Phagun Bou* became the most watched show on its airing channel, Star Jalsha. It had a target rating point of 6.4 in its first week.

## Series overview

*Phagun Bou* dealt with the whimsical nature of the relationship that develops between prestigious doctor, Dr. Ayandeep Ghosh, (nicknamed Roddur) and MA Law student and aspiring singer Mohul Bose, two strangers destined to be together for life. The series followed the blossoming love between the two after many ups and downs in their relationship, where Mohul was initially inclined towards Ayandeep's cousin, popular and arrogant singer Anurup despite her parents' Chandrajit and Amrapali's objections. However, their relationship takes a survival challenge when Chandrajit dies, Mohul, Amrapali and her brother Munna learn about Chandrajit's first wife and their daughter Bibi, and Ayandeep is coincidentally engaged to her cousin Mou. When Mohul is forced to marry Ayandeep after Mou runs away from the wedding, their relationship takes a huge turning point. Mohul doesn't accept him, Mou's parents become jealous about the marriage, Ayandeep's foster mother and aunt Mayurakshi doesn't accept Mohul because she apparently suffers from Chandrajit's rejection, and Anurup creates a misunderstanding that Mohul is having an extra-marital affair with him. However, Mohul gradually accepts Ayandeep and Anurup and Mayurakshi's misunderstandings are cleared. Ayandeep also discovers another secret that he is adopted and is the son of his uncle Anirudda, a struggling actor who kept a secret from his family that he married Malobika, a classic dancer and former lawyer and had a son named Babi who was presumed dead years ago. This causes a emotional time for him and the family even after they welcome Malobika into the family. Later, Mayurakshi becomes jealous of his relationship with Malobika.

## Cast

### Main

* Vikram Chatterjee as Dr. Ayandeep Ghosh aka Roddur - A doctor and a singer, Mohul's husband.
* Oindrila Sen as Mohul Ghosh; Anurup's ex- girlfriend; Ayandeep's wife

### Recurring

* Abhishek Chatterjee as Chandrajit Bose aka Chandu – Bidhumukhi and Amrapali's husband; Bibi, Mohul and Munna's father.(deceased)
* Anushree Das as Bidhumukhi Bose – Chandrajit's first wife, Bibi's mother, Mohul and Munna's stepmother.
* Bidipta Chakraborty as Amrapali Bose – Chandrajit's second wife, Mohul and Munna's mother, Bibi's stepmother.
* Santu Mukherjee as Jadabendra Ghosh aka Jodu – Roddur's eldest paternal uncle; Amitava, Anirudhha and Rajatava's elder brother; Barshan and Tultuli's father, Nilanjana's father-in-law.
* Lekha Chatterjee as Binapani Ghosh aka Bina - Roddur's younger sister; Amitava and Mayurakshi's daughter.
* Ashmee Ghosh as Sampurna Ghosh - Roddur's younger sister; Amitava and Mayurakshi's daughter.
* Shankar Chakraborty as Amitava Ghosh aka Ankur – Roddur's foster father and elder paternal uncle, Mayurakshi's husband, Tuki's father, Anurup's maternal uncle and Mohul's father-in-law.
* Laboni Sarkar as Mayurakshi Ghosh – Roddur's foster mother and elder paternal aunt, Amitava's wife, Tuki's mother, Anurup's maternal aunt and Mohul's mother-in-law.
* Bharat Kaul as Aniruddha Ghosh aka Ani / Gulu – Malobika's husband, Roddur's biological father, an actor, Mohul's father-in-law.
* Malabika Sen as Malobika Ghosh (née Bose) - Aniruddha's wife, Roddur's biological mother, a classical dancer and former lawyer, Mohul's mother-in-law.
* Suman Banerjee as Gagandeep Ghosh aka Barshan – Jodu's son, Tultuli's elder brother, Roddur's elder cousin brother, a salaryman and Nilanjana's husband.
* Sneha Chatterjee Bhowmick as Nilanjana Ghosh aka Nilu - Gagandeep's wife
* Diganta Bagchi as Rajatava Ghosh - Sonali's husband
* Rajashree Bhowmick as Sonali Ghosh - Rajatava's wife
* Badshah Moitra as Nilanjan Dutta - Tultuli's second husband, Tuki's husband, Tota's father.
* Koushik Roy as Anurup Mallick aka Roop – Roddur's younger cousin brother, a singer, and Mohul's ex-boyfriend turned arch rival, Brishtilekha's estranged husband. Anurup is Mayurakshi's sororal nephew (her sister's son) and has been raised by her.
* Ankita Chakraborty as Brishtilekha Mallick aka Brishti- Anurup's wife, Mohul's rival
* Debolina Mukherjee as Bibi Ghosh - Chandrajit and Bidhumukhi's daughter.
* Madhubani Ghosh Goswami as Madhuparna Ghosh aka Tuki – Roddur's younger cousin sister, Amitava and Mayurakshi's daughter, Nilanjan's second wife, Tota's mother.
* Bulbuli Panja as Simontika Dutta aka Tultuli (née Ghosh) - Chandrajit and Bidhumukhi's daughter.

## Background and production

### Development

Screenwriter Leena Gangopadhyay who has previously written down the script for Bengali TV shows like ETV Bangla's long-running drama series *Sonar Horin* and another daily soap *Binni Dhaner Khoi*, Zee Bangla's partition-themed love saga *Keya Patar Nouko*, and Star Jalsha's serials *Ishti Kutum* and *Jol Nupur*; developed the central idea for *Phagun Bou*, whose premise was initially based on a rivalrous love triangle.

### Casting

Vikram Chatterjee who had previously collaborated with Ganguly and Banerjee in their production *Ichche Nodee*, was selected to portray the lead role of Dr. Ayandeep Ghosh aka Roddur. Oindrilla Sen who was seen opposite Chatterjee in the 2010 romance drama series *"Saat Paake Bandha"* (on Zee Bangla), was cast in to play the titular protagonist, Mohul aka "Phagun Bou"; taking into account her onscreen chemistry with Chatterjee. Actor Koushik Roy, noted for his negative portrayal of "Krishnendu Sengupta" in the romance saga *Bojhena Se Bojhena*; was cast to portray Anurup, the other person aspiring for Mohul's love and the chief antagonist of the series.

### Broadcast and streaming services

The series is telecast everyday on Bengali GEC Star Jalsha and its corresponding channel with HD feed, Star Jalsha HD. It is available via optimum cable connection or by satellite TV connections. The show has been distributed by Star India, in association with Novi Digital Entertainment. On the digital platform, *Phagun Bou* is available for viewing on the app Hotstar. New episodes are released earlier than on TV, and the service is available for viewers having a premium subscription plan.

### Filming

The show has been filmed at several locations, the most prominent being Kalimpong.

## Soundtrack

The title song for the series *Phagun Bou* has been sung by singer Anwesha Dutta Gupta, who has frequently collaborated with the production house Magic Moments Motion Pictures for recording theme songs for Bengali television serials. While, the original music has been given by Debojyoti Mishra.

Phagun Bou Soundtrack:
| No. | Title | Singer | Length |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1. | "Phagun Bou-er Katha" | Anwesha Dutta Gupta | 2:32 |

## InfoBox

| *Phagun Bou* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Genre | Soap opera |
| Written by | Leena Gangopadhyay |
| Directed by | Saibal Banerjee
Diganta Sinha |
| Creative director | Leena Gangopadhyay |
| Presented by | Bright Advertising Pvt. Ltd. |
| Starring | Vikram Chatterjee
Oindrila Sen |
| Theme music composer | Debojyoti Mishra |
| Opening theme | *Fagun Hawai Hawai*
*Phagun Bou-er Katha* |
| Country of origin | India |
| Original language | Bengali |
| No. of episodes | 534 |
| Production | |
| Executive producers | Sumit Kumar Roy
Satyajit Chakraborty (Magic Moments);
Taniya
Nilanjan (Star Jalsha). |
| Producer | Saibal Banerjee |
| Production locations | Kolkata
Asansol
Kalimpong |
| Cinematography | Siddhartha Mukherjee |
| Editors | Sameer
Soumen |
| Camera setup | Multi-camera |
| Running time | 22 minutes |
| Production company | Magic Moments Motion Pictures |
| Original release | |
| Network | STAR Jalsha |
| Release | 19 March 2018 (2018-03-19)
29 November 2019 (2019-11-29) |


title: Yasumitsu Toyoda

abstract: Yasumitsu Toyoda was a Japanese professional baseball player and coach, who played as a shortstop. He played and coached for the Nishitetsu Lions and the Swallows franchise of Nippon Professional Baseball. In 1972, he coached the Kintetsu Buffaloes.

text:
# Yasumitsu Toyoda

**Yasumitsu Toyoda** (豊田 泰光, *Toyoda Yasumitsu*, February 12, 1935 – August 14, 2016) was a Japanese professional baseball player and coach, who played as a shortstop. He played and coached for the Nishitetsu Lions and the Swallows franchise of Nippon Professional Baseball. In 1972, he coached the Kintetsu Buffaloes.

## Playing career

Toyoda was known as a good hitter, and especially renowned for his postseason performances. He led the Pacific League in batting average in 1956, spoiling a Triple Crown attempt by teammate Futoshi Nakanishi. He batted a career .362 in the Japan Series. He died in Kawasaki at the age of 81 on August 14, 2016.

## InfoBox

| Yasumitsu Toyoda | |
| --- | --- |
| Toyoda in the August 1956 issue of *The Yakyukai* | |
| **Shortstop** | |
| **Born:** (1935-02-12)February 12, 1935
Daigo, Ibaraki | |
| **Died:** August 14, 2016(2016-08-14) (aged 81)
Kawasaki, Kanagawa | |
| **Batted:** Right**Threw:** Right | |
| NPB debut | |
| March 21, 1953, for the Nishitetsu Lions | |
| Last appearance | |
| 1969, for the Sankei Atoms | |
| NPB statistics | |
| Batting average | .277 |
| Home runs | 263 |
| Runs batted in | 888 |
| Hits | 1,699 |
|  | |
| Teams | |
| As player As coach | |
| Career highlights and awards | |
|  | |
| Member of the Japanese | |
| Baseball Hall of Fame | |
| Induction | 2006 |
| Election method | Special election |
|  | |


title: Ulua (fish)

abstract: Ulua is a genus of trevallies in the family Carangidae. They are native to the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean.

text:
# Ulua (fish)

***Ulua*** is a genus of trevallies in the family Carangidae. They are native to the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean.

## Species

There are currently two recognized species in this genus:

| Image | Scientific name | Common Name | Distribution |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | *Ulua aurochs* (J. D. Ogilby, 1915) | Silvermouth trevally. | the Indo-Pacific in the western and central Pacific Ocean from New Guinea, northern Australia, the Philippines, and Pacific islands |
|  | *Ulua mentalis* (G. Cuvier, 1833) | Longrakered trevally | Indian and west Pacific Oceans, from Mozambique and Madagascar in the west, to Japan and northern Australia in the east |
|

## InfoBox

| *Ulua* | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| *Ulua aurochs* Silvermouth trevally | |
|
| Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Carangiformes |
| Family: | Carangidae |
| Subfamily: | Caranginae |
| Genus: | *Ulua*
(D. S. Jordan & Snyder, 1900) |
|
| Type species | |
| *Ulua richardsoni*
(Jordan & Snyder, 1908.) | |


abstract: Like all municipalities of Puerto Rico, San Sebastián is subdivided into administrative units called barrios, which are, in contemporary times, roughly comparable to minor civil divisions,. The barrios and subbarrios, in turn, are further subdivided into smaller local populated place areas/units called sectores. The types of sectores may vary, from normally sector to urbanización to reparto to barriada to residencial, among others.

text:
# List of barrios and sectors of San Sebastián, Puerto Rico

Like all municipalities of Puerto Rico, **San Sebastián** is subdivided into administrative units called **barrios**, which are, in contemporary times, roughly comparable to minor civil divisions, (and means *wards* or *boroughs* or *neighborhoods* in English). The barrios and subbarrios, in turn, are further subdivided into smaller local populated place areas/units called **sectores** (*sectors* in English). The types of *sectores* may vary, from normally *sector* to *urbanización* to *reparto* to *barriada* to *residencial*, among others.

## List of sectors by barrio

### Aibonito

* Barrio Aibonito Beltrán
* Barrio Aibonito Guerrero
* Carretera 119
* Carretera 447
* Carretera 457
* Nayo Méndez
* Sector Adames
* Sector Agustín Rodríguez
* Sector Casa del Biólogo
* Sector Ciquito López
* Sector Cruz Lugo
* Sector El Maní
* Sector Fano Mercado
* Sector Gelo Esteves
* Sector Goyo Guerrero
* Sector Lalo Jiménez
* Sector Las Cruces
* Sector Lilo Méndez
* Sector Los Malavé
* Sector Los Pérez
* Sector Los Rodríguez
* Sector Medina
* Sector Millo Méndez (Cardona Méndez)
* Sector Morales
* Sector Onofre Cardona (Mino Rosa)
* Sector Santos González
* Sector Valentín
* Urbanización Lomas de Aibonito Guerrero

### Alto Sano

### Bahomamey

* Barriada Pueblo Nuevo
* Barriada Stalingrado
* Barriada Tablastilla
* Calle Juan F. Cortés
* Sector Chinto Rodón
* Urbanización Guayabal
* Urbanización Olivencia

### Calabazas

* Carretera 111
* Carretera 4435
* Residencial Jardines de Piedras Blancas
* Sector Audeliz Torres
* Sector Bartolo Cordero
* Sector Cataño
* Sector El Refugio
* Sector Jandino Ruiz
* Sector La Loma
* Sector Los Tanques
* Sector Lupe Mártir
* Sector Mamey
* Sector Orta
* Sector Pablo Nieves (Los Pinos)
* Sector Quinto Ríos
* Sector Rancho Grande
* Sector Rubén Hernández
* Sector Toño Mestre
* Urbanización Jardines Villy Ana
* Urbanización Raholisa
* Urbanización Venturini
* Urbanización Villas de Piedras Blancas

### Cibao

* Avenida Emérito Estrada Rivera
* Carretera 451
* Carretera 455
* Cibao Abrahonda
* Comunidad González
* Parcelas Montaña de Piedra
* Residencial Andrés Méndez Liciaga
* Residencial San Andrés
* Sector Ango Román
* Sector Finca Los Robles
* Sector La Gallera
* Sector Ortíz
* Sector Pablo Rivera
* Sector Pueblito
* Sector Pueblo Nuevo
* Sector Quiles
* Urbanización Colinas Verdes
* Urbanización Montaña de Piedra
* Urbanización Pepino

### Cidral

* Carretera 450
* Sector La Laguna
* Sector Los Rosario
* Sector Martínez
* Sector Mín Pérez
* Sector Nolo González
* Sector Palmarito
* Sector Pancho Soto
* Sector Tomassini

### Culebrinas

* Calle Torres Pino
* Carretera 109
* Sector Bernal
* Sector Flores Rivera
* Sector Juancho Román
* Sector Lin Ríos
* Sector Los Nobles
* Sector Peter Hernández
* Sector Pozas Central
* Sector Quebrada Larga
* Sector Toño Rosa
* Sector Rincón
* Urbanización Ciudad de Oro
* Urbanización El Culebrinas
* Urbanización La Estancia
* Urbanización Mansiones del Culebrinas

### Eneas

* Sector Brignoni
* Sector Delia Ramos
* Sector Loma Alta

### Guacio

* Carretera 119
* Carretera 424
* Carretera 433
* Parcelas El Guacio
* Parcelas Marco Antonio
* Sector Boquerón
* Sector Campamento Boys Scouts
* Sector Domenech
* Sector Inglés
* Sector Lulo Rivera
* Sector Tosquero

### Guajataca

* Carretera 455
* Sector Colo Medina
* Sector Confesor Soto
* Sector Empalme
* Sector Fondo del Saco
* Sector Lebrón
* Sector Los Vázquez
* Sector Millo Matos
* Sector Roberto Jiménez
* Sector Román
* Sector Salto Collazo
* Sector Sico Aponte
* Sector Toño Fuentes
* Sector Varela
* Sector Yeyo González

### Guatemala

* Avenida Emérito Estrada Rivera
* Carretera 111
* Carretera 125
* Carretera 445
* Carretera 446
* Sector Barandillo
* Sector Bejuco
* Sector Central Plata
* Sector Colón
* Sector Goyin Rámirez
* Sector Javilla
* Sector Laberinto
* Sector La Vega
* Sector Marcelo Pérez
* Sector Méndez
* Sector Peña
* Sector Rincón (Gozalandia)
* Sector Salsipuedes
* Sector Torres
* Urbanización Extensión Villa Rita
* Urbanización Jardines de Guatemala
* Urbanización Mansiones de Loma Linda
* Urbanización San Antonio de La Plata
* Urbanización San Carmelo de la Plata
* Urbanización Villa Rita

### Hato Arriba

* Carretera 111
* Carretera 125
* Carretera 423
* Parcelas Hato Arriba
* Sector Anglada
* Sector Bernal
* Sector Campo Alegre
* Sector Caña Verde
* Sector Cuesta La Luna
* Sector Hoyo Frío
* Sector Hoyo Santo
* Sector Medina
* Sector Nando Rivera
* Sector Paseo Central
* Sector Punta Brava
* Sector Santo Torres
* Urbanización Colinas de Hato Arriba
* Urbanización Lomas Verdes

### Hoya Mala

* Carretera 119
* Carretera 447
* Carretera 448
* Sector Capilla Católica
* Sector Daniel Méndez
* Sector Esteban Cardona
* Sector Gabriel Jiménez
* Sector Jiménez
* Sector Julio Lugo
* Sector La 21
* Sector Las Toscas
* Sector Lechuza
* Sector Mercado
* Sector Monroig
* Sector Pascual Ruiz
* Sector Planta de Gas
* Sector Porto Román
* Sector Sharon

### Juncal

* Carretera 111
* Sector Ballajá
* Sector Iglesia Adventista (Rodríguez)
* Sector Juncal Centro
* Sector Pueblito
* Sector Santiago
* Sector Terraza de Santiago

### Magos

* Carretera 438
* Carretera 451
* Carretera 470
* Sector Ballester
* Sector La Cuadra
* Sector Melito Oliva
* Sector Miguel A. Pérez
* Sector Puente Lajas
* Sector Pujols
* Sector Sonoco
* Sector Toño Jiménez
* Urbanización Santa Teresita

### Mirabales

* Carretera 433
* Sector Quebrada Las Cañas
* Sector Los Pérez
* Sector Núñez

### Perchas 1

* Carretera 435
* Carretera 4435
* Sector Quebrada Las Cañas

### Perchas 2

* Carretera 124
* Carretera 435
* Comunidad Alturas de Borinquén
* Parcelas García Méndez
* Sector Ángel Ríos
* Sector Entrada Oronoz
* Sector Finca Los Abuelos
* Sector Genaro Vélez
* Sector Lito Rodríguez
* Sector Olavarría
* Sector Pablo Fernández
* Sector Pelo Muerto
* Sector Perfecto Rodríguez
* Sector Parcelas González
* Sector Pulio Rodríguez
* Sector Santo Domingo
* Sector Tosquera

### Piedras Blancas

* Avenida Emérito Estrada Rivera
* Barriada Segarra (Cuchilandia)
* Carretera 111
* Carretera 119
* Carretera 125
* Sector Las Palmas (Escuela Bilingüe)
* Sector Lindín
* Sector Los Pinos
* Sector Tito Ríos
* Urbanización Ubiñas
* Urbanización Valle Verde

### Pozas

* Carretera 109
* Carretera 424
* Carretera 497
* Reparto Feliciano
* Sector Arvelo Rivera
* Sector Colón
* Sector Los Crespo
* Sector Los González
* Sector Los Reyes
* Sector Los Rosado
* Sector Los Traversos
* Sector Méndez
* Sector Ortiz
* Sector Pozas Gardens
* Sector Quintana
* Sector Valle Real

### Robles

* Carretera 446
* Carretera 447
* Carretera 4446
* Sector Cuatro Calles
* Sector El Paraíso
* Sector Farel Velázquez
* Sector Genove González
* Sector La Conquista
* Sector Las Piedras
* Sector Lito Ramos
* Sector Pedro Lisojo
* Sector Peña
* Sector Pochín Serrano
* Sector Ricardo Morales
* Urbanización Antonio Muñiz

### Salto

* Carretera 445
* Sector Agapito Rosado
* Sector Carmelo Serrano
* Sector Cerro Sombrero
* Sector Dómenech
* Sector Felo Ruiz
* Sector Ferdinand Hernández
* Sector Frank Aquino
* Sector La Piedra
* Sector Liono Ramos
* Sector López
* Sector Manuel González
* Sector Minín Vélez
* Sector Morales
* Sector Tamarindo
* Sector Trujillo
* Sector Villa Linda
* Sector Villa Morales

### San Sebastián barrio-pueblo

* Avenida Emérito Estrada Rivera
* Calle Andrés M. Liciaga
* Calle Andrés Velázquez
* Calle Ángel Mislán
* Calle Betances
* Calle Emilio Ruiz
* Calle Hipólito Castro
* Calle Hostos
* Calle Jesús T Piñero
* Calle J. Méndez Cardona
* Calle M. J. Cabrero
* Calle Muñoz Rivera
* Calle Padre Feliciano
* Calle Pavía Fernández
* Calle Raúl Gaya Benejam
* Calle Ruiz Belvis
* Calle Severo Arana
* Calle 25 de Julio
* Norzagaray subbarrio
* Residencial San Sebastián Court
* Residencial Villa Soigal
* Sector Paralelo 38
* Sector Rabo del Buey
* Urbanización Guayabal
* Urbanización Los Alamos
* Urbanización Pedro T. Labayen
* Urbanización Román
* Urréjola subbarrio

### Sonador

* Carretera 423
* Carretera 497
* Parcelas Sonador
* Sector Álvarez
* Sector Andrés Torres
* Sector Berto Vargas
* Sector Cruz Montalvo
* Sector El Callejón
* Sector El Túnel
* Sector Entrada Chaín
* Sector Gelo Ramos
* Sector José Manuel Soto
* Sector Julio Nieves
* Sector Justo Pérez
* Sector La Parada
* Sector La Pluma Pública
* Sector La Vanguardia
* Sector Manolo Quiles
* Sector Maximino Soto
* Sector Montalvo
* Sector Ortiz
* Sector Pello Sánchez
* Sector Puente Nuevo
* Sector Siso Quiles
* Sector Tito Bondo
* Urbanización Brisas del Río Sonador


title: Marles-sur-Canche

abstract: Marles-sur-Canche is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France.

text:
# Marles-sur-Canche

**Marles-sur-Canche** (French pronunciation: \[maʁl syʁ kɑ̃ʃ\], literally *Marles on Canche*) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France.

## Geography

Marles-sur-Canche is situated in the valley of the Canche river, 2.3 miles (4 km) southeast of Montreuil-sur-Mer, on the D113 road.

## Population

Historical population
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1968 | 268 |  |
| 1975 | 259 | −0.49% |
| 1982 | 274 | +0.81% |
| 1990 | 293 | +0.84% |
| 1999 | 294 | +0.04% |
| 2007 | 296 | +0.08% |
| 2012 | 284 | −0.82% |
| 2017 | 299 | +1.03% |
| Source: INSEE | | |

## Places of interest

* The seventeenth century church of St. Firmin.

## InfoBox

| Marles-sur-Canche | |
| --- | --- |
| Commune | |
| The church of Marles-sur-Canche | |
|  | |
| Location of Marles-sur-Canche | |
| Marles-sur-CancheMarles-sur-Canche | |
| Coordinates: 50°27′31″N 1°49′41″E / 50.4586°N 1.8281°E / 50.4586; 1.8281 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Hauts-de-France |
| Department | Pas-de-Calais |
| Arrondissement | Montreuil |
| Canton | Auxi-le-Château |
| Intercommunality | CC des 7 Vallées |
| Government | |
| Mayor (20202026) | Joël Davesne |
| Area**1** | 5.1 km2 (2.0 sq mi) |
| Population (2021) | 314 |
| Density | 62/km2 (160/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 62556 /62170 |
| Elevation | 5–79 m (16–259 ft)
(avg. 46 m or 151 ft) |
| **1** French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers \> 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |


title: Union (Paradoxical Frog album)

abstract: Union is the second album by Paradoxical Frog, a collective trio consisting of pianist Kris Davis, saxophonist Ingrid Laubrock and drummer Tyshawn Sorey. It was recorded in 2011 and released on the Portuguese Clean Feed label.

text:
# Union (Paradoxical Frog album)

***Union*** is the second album by Paradoxical Frog, a collective trio consisting of pianist Kris Davis, saxophonist Ingrid Laubrock and drummer Tyshawn Sorey. It was recorded in 2011 and released on the Portuguese Clean Feed label.

## Reception

Professional ratings
| Review scores | |
| --- | --- |
| Source | Rating |
| *All About Jazz* |  |
| *Down Beat* |  |
| *The Free Jazz Collective* |  |

The *Down Beat* review by Bill Meyer says that, "This music is so concerned with essence that it sometimes errs on the side of severity; one wishes for just a bit more payoff after so much restraint."

In a double review for *JazzTimes* Lloyd Sachs states, "That *Union* is \[fun\] speaks to how much Davis, Laubrock and Sorey enjoy not only their group concept, but playing in each other's company."

Martin Longley of the *BBC* commented: "The concept behind this trio is one of complete equality. Sometimes the trio can perform in a completely improvising frame of mind, but this recording inserts a significant ratio of composed themes, naturally infused with more spontaneous diversions. Each member contributes their own pieces... All spheres are open to the Frog."

*The Free Jazz Collective'*s Paolo Casertano called the album "fascinating," and remarked: "Every musician takes his time to distil few powerful notes... This is, among the trio releases I've been lately listening to, maybe the closest to a spoken conversation. I have no other words to describe it."

## Track listing

1. "An Intermittent Procession" (Sorey) – 2:19
2. "First Strike" (Laubrock) – 5:52
3. "Fear the Fairy Dust" (Davis) – 11:03
4. "Second Strike" (Laubrock) – 7:07
5. "Figment 2012" (Sorey) – 9:03
6. "Union" (Davis) – 10:22
7. "Masterisk" (Laubrock) – 12:17
8. "Repose" (Sorey) – 12:15
9. "Third Strike, You're Out" (Laubrock) – 1:32

## Personnel

## InfoBox

| Union | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Studio album by Paradoxical Frog | |
| Released | 2012 |
| Recorded | October 10, 2011 |
| Studio | System Two, Brooklyn |
| Genre | Jazz |
| Length | 71:50 |
| Label | Clean Feed |
| Producer | Kris Davis, Ingrid Laubrock, Tyshawn Sorey |
| Kris Davis chronology | |
| *Aeriol Piano*
(2011) ***Union***
(2012) *Capricorn Climber*
(2013) | |
|  | |
| Ingrid Laubrock chronology | |
| *Haste*
(2012) ***Union***
(2012) *Strong Place*
(2013) | |
|  | |


title: Mary MacLeod Banks

abstract: Mary MacLeod Banks was a folklorist, born Mary MacLeod McConnel in Scotland. She was president of the Folklore Society from 1937 to 1939.

text:
# Mary MacLeod Banks

**Mary MacLeod Banks** (1861 – 22 December 1951) was a folklorist, born **Mary MacLeod McConnel** in Scotland. She was president of the Folklore Society from 1937 to 1939.

## Early life

Mary MacLeod McConnel was born in Edinburgh, the daughter of David Cannon McConnel, a colonist of Queensland, and Mary McConnel. She spent her formative years in Australia, at the family's sheep and cattle station in Cressbrook, and in Europe. As a young widow, she studied English literature at Oxford.

## Career

### Research and service

Banks worked with social reformer Octavia Hill as a young woman, She became a long-serving member of the Folklore Society from 1906, later serving on its council and as president from 1937 to 1939. She gave presidential addresses titled "Syncretism in a Symbol" and "Scottish Lore of Earth, its Fruits, and the Plough". In 1947 she received the first Medal for Folk Lore Research from the Society, for her work on Scottish calendar customs. She was also a fellow of the Royal Historical Society from 1906, and a member of the Philological Society.

Though based in London, Banks travelled extensively throughout Europe gathering material and researching the many papers she wrote for the society's journal. She maintained contact with the Pitt Rivers Museum and especially its curator Henry Balfour, who became her close friend. During the Second World War donated artifacts she had collected during her fieldwork to the Pitt Rivers Museum, including a chamberpot and brass horse ornaments.

### Publications

Her published research included *British Calendar Customs: Scotland* (1937, 1941) and *British Calendar Customs: Orkney and Shetland* (1946). She wrote the introduction and glossary for an edition of *The Book of King Arthur and his Noble Knights:* *Stories from Sir Thomas Malory's Morte D'Arthur* (1900), wrote *The Shakespeare Story Book* (1902), and edited *An Alphabet of Tales: An English Fifteenth Century Translation of the Alphabetum Narrationum of Etienne de Besançon* (1904), *Stories from the Faerie Queene* (1916), and *Honour & Arms: Tales from Froissart*. A personal project was her memoir, *Memories of Pioneer Days in Queensland* (1931), in which she acknowledged racial violence in her rural Australian childhood:

> It was not until years after my childhood that I learnt of cruelties to the blacks, and I refused at first to believe it possible. This I know, that there were very many places where the natives were treated with kindness, and that much of the harshness was due to ignorance and misunderstanding. But for actual cruelty, which unfortunately cannot be denied, no excuse is possible.

## Personal life

Mary MacLeod McConnel married Alfred Banks, an English architect. She was widowed when Banks died on a journey to the United Kingdom. She died in 1951, aged 90 years, in London. Her niece Dorothea McConnel married Australian psychologist Elton Mayo; another niece was Australian anthropologist Ursula McConnel.

## InfoBox

| Mary MacLeod Banks | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | Mary MacLeod McConnel
1861
Edinburgh |
| Died | 22 December 1951
England |
| Nationality | British |
| Other names | M. M. Banks, Mary Macleod |
| Occupation(s) | Folklorist, writer |


title: Phagwari

abstract: Phagwari is a village and union council of Murree Tehsil in the Murree District of Punjab, Pakistan. It is located at 33°58'60N 73°30'0E in the north-west of the tehsil. It is bounded to the north by Dewal, to the west by Rawat, to the south by Potha Sharif and to the east by Kashmir. According to the 1998 census of Pakistan, it had a population of 13,060.

text:
# Phagwari

**Phagwari** (پھگواڑ ی) is a village and union council of Murree Tehsil in the Murree District of Punjab, Pakistan. It is located at 33°58'60N 73°30'0E in the north-west of the tehsil. It is bounded to the north by Dewal, to the west by Rawat, to the south by Potha Sharif and to the east by Kashmir. According to the 1998 census of Pakistan, it had a population of 13,060.

## InfoBox

| Phagwari Murree | |
| --- | --- |
| Union council | |
|  | |
| Phagwari Murree | |
| Coordinates: 33°57′0″N 73°21′7″E / 33.95000°N 73.35194°E / 33.95000; 73.35194 | |
| Country | Pakistan |
| Province | Punjab |
| District | Murree |
| Tehsil | Murree |
| Government | |
| Chairman | Khaleel Abbasi (PML-N) |
| V-Chairman | Nambardar Ittefaq Abbasi (PML-N) |
| Population (1998) | |
| Total | 13,060 |


title: Yasumichi Kushida

abstract: Yasumichi Kushida Yasumichi Kushida was a Japanese voice actor. He started acting in 2003 and, up until his death, was affiliated with Mausu Promotion, with his talent agency managed by: Katsuta Voice Actor's Academy. He graduated from Tokyo Announce Gakuin Performing Arts College. Kushida died on April 1, 2023, at the age of 46.

text:
# Yasumichi Kushida

**Yasumichi Kushida** (櫛田 泰道, *Kushida Yasumichi*, June 6, 1976 – April 1, 2023) was a Japanese voice actor. He started acting in 2003 and, up until his death, was affiliated with Mausu Promotion, with his talent agency managed by: Katsuta Voice Actor's Academy. He graduated from Tokyo Announce Gakuin Performing Arts College.

Kushida died on April 1, 2023, at the age of 46.

## Filmography

Major roles are highlighted in **bold.**

### Anime television series

### Anime OVA series

### Video games

### Dubbing work

#### Live-action television

#### Live-action films

#### Animated films

#### Television animation

## InfoBox

| Yasumichi Kushida
櫛田 泰道 | |
| --- | --- |
| Born | (1976-06-06)June 6, 1976
Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan |
| Died | April 1, 2023(2023-04-01) (aged 46) |
| Occupation | Voice actor |
| Years active | 2003-2023 |


title: Uruguay at the 1991 Pan American Games

text:
# Uruguay at the 1991 Pan American Games

Uruguay participated in the 11th Pan American Games, which were held in Havana, Cuba, August 2–18, 1991.

## Medals

### Silver

##### Athletics

## Results by event

### Basketball

#### Men's team

* **Preliminary round (group B)**

* Lost to Brazil (72–94)
* Defeated Canada (62–61)
* Lost to Puerto Rico (78–98)
* Lost to Mexico (71–74)
* **Quarterfinals**

* Lost to United States (68–114)
* **Classification Matches**

* **5th/8th place**: Lost to Venezuela (79–85)
* **7th/8th place**: Lost to Argentina (71–63) → **8th place**

## InfoBox

| Uruguay at the
1991 Pan American Games | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| IOC code | URU |
| NOC | Uruguayan Olympic Committee |
| Website | cou.org.uy |
| in Havana
8–18 August 1991 | |
| Medals
Ranked 21st | Gold 0 Silver 1 Bronze 0 Total 1 |
| Pan American Games appearances (overview) | |
|  | |


title: Vincent Ngaro

abstract: Vincent Ngaro is a Cook Island professional rugby league footballer who played in the 2000s and 2010s who has represented the Cook Islands. In 2009 Ngaro played in the 2009 Pacific Cup. He scored a try in the 22-20 qualifying round victory over Samoa. He also scored a try in the 24-22 semi-final victory over Fiji. In 2011 Ngaro won the top flight (A1) Manly-Warringah District Junior Rugby League Grand Final for the Narraweena Hawks. In 2014 he was player of the year in the Sydney Shield competition.

text:
# Vincent Ngaro

**Vincent Ngaro** is a Cook Island professional rugby league footballer who played in the 2000s and 2010s who has represented the Cook Islands.

In 2009 Ngaro played in the 2009 Pacific Cup. He scored a try in the 22-20 qualifying round victory over Samoa. He also scored a try in the 24-22 semi-final victory over Fiji.

In 2011 Ngaro won the top flight (A1) Manly-Warringah District Junior Rugby League Grand Final for the Narraweena Hawks.

In 2014 he was player of the year in the Sydney Shield competition.


title: Mood repair strategies

abstract: Mood repair strategies offer techniques that an individual can use to shift their mood from general sadness or clinical depression to a state of greater contentment or happiness. A mood repair strategy is a cognitive, behavioral, and interpersonal psychological tool used to affect the mood regulation of an individual. Various mood repair strategies are most commonly used in cognitive therapy. They are commonly assigned as homework by therapists in order to help positively impact individuals who are experiencing dysphoria or depression. However, these tools can also be used for individuals experiencing temporary unwanted moods. Many factors go into the effectiveness of mood repair strategies on an individual ranging from the client's self-esteem to their experience with the strategy being used. Even the way the mood repair strategy is presented may have an effect on that strategy's ability to improve mood.

text:
# Mood repair strategies

**Mood repair strategies** offer techniques that an individual can use to shift their mood from general sadness or clinical depression to a state of greater contentment or happiness. A mood repair strategy is a cognitive, behavioral, and interpersonal psychological tool used to affect the mood regulation of an individual. Various mood repair strategies are most commonly used in cognitive therapy. They are commonly assigned as homework by therapists in order to help positively impact individuals who are experiencing dysphoria or depression. However, these tools can also be used for individuals experiencing temporary unwanted moods. Many factors go into the effectiveness of mood repair strategies on an individual ranging from the client's self-esteem to their experience with the strategy being used. Even the way the mood repair strategy is presented (either to avoid negative moods or to pursue positive moods) may have an effect on that strategy's ability to improve mood.

## Background

Mood repair strategies have existed in a casual and unscientific way for basically all of modern human history due to general affect and the desire to change that affect when it is negative. Generally the techniques could be considered "common knowledge" but these techniques were unexplored in research. Concepts such as "think happy thoughts" and "don't listen to sad music" are commonly prescribed by friends or family to those suffering in negative moods. What remained to be seen though, was how the various individuals differed and subsequently, which of these "common knowledge" concepts should be suggested or how they should be phrased when presented. The first scholarly mention of mood repair strategies came from Joseph Forgas and Gorden Bower in 1988. Extensive listing and studying of these techniques started in the mid 1990s. It has primarily focused on the differences in the individuals to whom the mood repair strategies are given and how the strategies prove effective on each type of person. While various personality types may be more receptive to mood repair strategies it appears that there has been some success in working with all types of individuals. While professional use of mood repair strategies began primarily in the clinical cognitive psychology movement the expansion of the positive psychology movement is helping to increase the professional use of these mood repair strategies.

Cognitive mood repair strategies are primarily concerned with the ability of recognizing emotional upset and taking one of three courses of action. An individual can choose to evaluate the feelings of dysphoria and better understand the source of the negative mood to give the individual a sense of control of his or her mood. Re-evaluation can also occur which allows for individuals to take a negative situation that cause a mood and seek to find a positive perspective from the circumstance. Distraction can also occur which allows for individuals to recall mood-incongruent memories or positive thoughts in order to distract from the current upset in mood. Behavioral mood repair strategies allow for individuals to regulate their moods by the utilization of activities or tasks. Working on a task allows for individuals to temporarily distract from their current mood. Exercise also allows for a release of tension and an improvement of mood. Interpersonal mood repair strategies deal primarily with the focus of mood repair deriving from a relationship with other people. This can occur from individuals seeking out emotional support and a deeper processing of the possible circumstance that led to the negative mood. This can also be achieved by distracting the individual and being with individuals that could lift the overall positivity of the individual.

## Presentation

Presentation of mood repair strategies has been the primary focus of much of the research studying the efficacy of mood repair strategies. The initial thing to consider when proposing the use of a mood repair strategy is what kind of state the unhappy individual is in. If the individual is depressed, avoidance framed messages have been shown to have the greatest influence on increasing mood. This means that presenting mood repair strategies in such a way that they do not seem like they are attempting to achieve happiness, but rather to avoid sadness, are more effective. Individuals who are not clinically depressed respond better to approach framed messages of mood repair. These individuals are usually more interested in achieving happiness. Individual’s perceptions of the desirability of mood change and the likelihood that a strategy may work are what bring about success.

Directing the individual seeking mood repair to engage in concrete, as opposed to abstract, processing is another important part of presentation. Abstract processing focuses on “why” questions while concrete processing is focused on moment-to-moment experiences. Concrete processing allows people to focus away from their current negative state. This kind of processing naturally coincides with the use of imagery. Pairing highly sensory imagery with emotionally relevant memory has been shown to give people the best chance at experiencing mood repair. This is taken into account when presenting mood repair strategies to people.

## Techniques

### Retrieving positive memories

Sometimes known as distraction or Mood Incongruent Recollection, this is one of the most common mood repair strategies. Normally people engage in thoughts of mood congruence, which are ones that are in harmony with their mood. Mood incongruent recollection is usually the forced consideration of memories not related to the current mood. The theory behind this thinking is that when the mind is engaged in a track of negative mood, the forced recall of positive memories will break the cycle and force the brain to reorient into a more positive state. There are two ways to recall these memories, abstractly and concretely. An abstract recollection of memories consists of a kind of comparison between an individual's memory and their current situation. This can sometimes be helpful unless the individual suffers from depression. A concrete recollection is when a memory is recalled especially vividly and the individual experiences the phenomenology of this memory more acutely. This has been used extensively even among those suffering with clinical depression.

### Music

Music is often used for two different reasons in mood repair strategies. The first is to allow the listener to identify themselves with the current music and to allow for some ventilation or mood attenuation. The other is a form of mood-repair strategy which allows the listener to take action to achieve their desired mood. These two approaches are considered the mood-congruent listening approach and the mood-incongruent listening approach, respectively.

Listening to music in a mood-congruent state with those who are experiencing negative mood states such as dysphoria, or sadness, can allow for those individuals to be more likely to identify with the music that shares their current mood. This mood-congruency effect can allow for individuals engaging in the listening of mood-congruent music to become increasingly aware of their own mood. It is theorized that with a heightened sense of mood recognition, an individual is capable of being empowered by recognizing that the current mood is their own, and they are in control of their mood. With a greater sense of empowerment over one’s emotional state, individuals can take steps in which to take their control and change their current unwanted mood. The acknowledgment of a person’s mood is a critical precursor in attempts made to regulate moods.

Listening to music in a mood-incongruent state, such as someone sad listening to happy music, allows for possible mood attenuation through distraction, and enforces positive thoughts for the individual such as feelings of happiness, encouragement, a sense of hope, a change in perception, etc. In mood attenuation through distraction people are allowed time to “cool off” and let their heightened mood dwindle. Enforcing feelings of positivity can allow for the participant to model his or her actions and behaviors towards ones that are congruent with the type of music that is being used.

### Social support

While many forms of mood repair strategies are individualistic in their approach, social support allows for individuals to engage in form of repair that focuses on others. Social support can occur in many ways. Ventilation is a form of social support in which a participant is able to “vent” his or her current cause of the undesirable mood. This allows for the emotion to be released from any form of tension due to an individual ruminating on the issue and open for a reinterpretation by the listener. Gratification is a pleasurable reaction in response to a communication of the cause of unwanted mood. This type of gratification can be a reward for the participant in releasing the tension carried by the cause of the mood and a feeling of relief. Spending time with someone and engaging in an emotional activity are also considered to be forms of social support. These forms of social support allow for an individual to become distracted from the cause of the issue and allow for time to go by and allow for a process of mood attenuation. Engaging in emotional activities contrary to the emotions the participant is currently experiencing, like helping others or experiencing pleasure things, may also increase the speed of attenuation by diverting the focus of their mood towards other things.

### Active mood management

Relaxation techniques are often used as mood-repair strategies to help an individual achieve a level of calm and reduce the stress or tension that can come from negative moods. These techniques are often very methodical in their approach and can be actively engaged by willing participants who are aware of how to enact them. Meditation and conscious control of breathing are two common examples.

Exercise is used to help an individual alleviate unwanted moods by physically engaging the body to activate endorphins. These endorphins bring about a sense of euphoria and can alleviate undesirable moods by participants that focus on engaging this euphoria. Exercise can also serve to distract individuals by allowing their focus to be on a specific task, such as focusing on lifting weights, or getting across the finish line, allowing less room for rumination on negative thoughts.

Stress management activities are used for mood repair strategies and the stress that is typically accompanied by them. By coping with stress through a variety of techniques individuals are able to learn how to manage their day-to-day lives and the stimuli that can be known to cause stress.

### Sex

Sex is a form of direct tension reduction, which puts it in the same category as things like the consumption of drugs and alcohol. Generally engaging in sexual intercourse is a much safer and less destructive alternative to the other direct tension reducing measures. To those in a healthy, committed relationship it can prove to be a very beneficial mood repair strategy. Sexual intercourse’s main purpose in mood repair is the releasing of tension. It activates the release of oxytocin in the brain that serves to calm nerves, relax muscles, and induce brief euphoria. These results each have a positive effect on unwanted moods and in combination they present a powerful reaction. The second major reason that sex constitutes as a mood repair strategy is because of the feelings of closeness it creates between the two people engaging in the action. The intimacy involved in sex serves as an important counter to the feelings of loneliness and isolation that often contribute to sadness or depression.

### Humor

Humor is also a known mood-repair strategy. Humor is able to bring about a sense of attenuation and allow for individuals to engage in pleasurable activities. Engaging in activities that can evoke a humorous response can often lead individuals to laughter. Laughter is able to increase serotonin levels which are known to bring about a greater level of contentment.


title: List of barrios of Ponce, Puerto Rico

abstract: This list of barrios of Ponce consists of the 31 barrios in the municipality of Ponce, Puerto Rico. With 31 barrios, Ponce is Puerto Rico's municipality with the largest number of barrios.

text:
# List of barrios of Ponce, Puerto Rico

This **list of barrios of Ponce** consists of the 31 barrios in the municipality of Ponce, Puerto Rico. With 31 barrios, Ponce is Puerto Rico's municipality with the largest number of barrios.

## Meaning of "barrio"

In Puerto Rico, the term barrio has two very different meanings. Officially, Ponce has 31 barrios; this is according to local, insular, and federal governments. However, there is a second meaning for barrio that does not correlate with the official meaning and one that is meant to refer, loosely, to a sector or portion of an official barrio. It is a meaning that makes reference to a community that shares certain common characteristics (types of homes, income range of its dwellers, its natural or human-made boundaries, etc.). Some examples of these so-called barrios are barrio Mameyes (a sector of barrio Portugues Urbano), barrio Corral Viejo (a community within Barrio Magueyes), barrio Clausells (a portion of Barrio Segundo), barrio Tenerías (part of Barrio Machuelo Abajo), and barrio Caracoles (a community in Barrio Canas). These so-called barrios, unlike the 31 official barrios, do not have well defined borders, and their names ordinarily reference a general, not a precise, sector or area.

## Introduction to Ponce's 31 barrios

The territorial areas known as barrios started to take shape during the 18th century (1700s), and the first barrios named were Cana, Montones, Capitanejo, Quebrada Limón, and Bucana. Throughout the 19th century, Ponce's jurisdictional zone increased to where it included both urban and rural barrios. With an expanding urban zone, in the 20th century Ponce's list of barrios came to number 31, with 13 located in the urban area of the city plus 18 outside the urban zone. Of these 18, and as the urban area continues to expand, seven were considered suburban in 1999. These 7 suburban barrios were: Canas, Magueyes, Portugués, Machuelo Arriba, Sabanetas, Coto Laurel, and Cerrillos. The remaining 11 are entirely rural barrios. A 2000 report by the U.S. Census Bureau provides detailed demographics statistics for each of Ponce's barrios.

From a demographics perspective, the 2000 Census showed that Montes Llanos is the least populated barrio in the municipality. Thanks to its larger area, barrio Canas was by far the most populated ward of the municipality. At 68 persons per square mile, San Patricio was the least dense, while Cuarto was the most densely populated at 18,819 persons per square mile.

Geographically speaking, Ponce has nine barrios that border neighboring municipalities. These are Anón, Canas, Capitanejo, Coto Laurel, Guaraguao, Marueño, Quebrada Limón, Real, San Patricio. Canas and Capitanejo are also coastal barrios, and together with three other coastal barrios (Playa, Bucaná, and Vayas) make up the municipality's five coastal barrios.

There are also seven barrios within the city limits (Bucana, Canas Urbano, Machuelo Abajo, Magueyes Urbano, Playa, Portugués Urbano, and San Antón) that in addition to the original six city core barrios — named Primero, Segundo, Tercero, Cuarto, Quinto, and Sexto — make up the 13 urban barrios of the municipality. The historic zone of the city is within these original six core city barrios. These twelve barrios compose what is known as the urban zone of the municipality.

The remaining eight barrios (Magueyes, Tibes, Montes Llanos, Maragüez, Portugués, Machuelo Arriba, Cerrillos, Sabanetas) are located in the interior of the municipality. These last eight are outside the city limits and are neither coastal nor bordering barrios.

## Complete list of barrios

A summary of all the barrios of the municipality, their population, population density, and land and water areas as given by the U.S. Census Bureau is as follows:

| No. | Barrio | Population
(Census 2000) | Density
(/sq mi) | Total Area
(sq mi) | Land Area
(sq mi) | Water Area
(sq mi) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Anón | 1669 | 129.9 | 12.85 | 12.85 | 0.00 |
| 2 | Bucaná | 3963 | 2957.5 | 2.16 | 1.34 | 0.81 |
| 3 | Canas | 34065 | 2349.3 | 22.82 | 14.50 | 8.32 |
| 4 | Canas Urbano | 21482 | 9299.6 | 2.31 | 2.31 | 0.00 |
| 5 | Capitanejo | 1401 | 355.4 | 4.82 | 3.95 | 0.88 |
| 6 | Cerrillos | 4284 | 1377.5 | 3.31 | 3.11 | 0.20 |
| 7 | Coto Laurel | 5285 | 1492.9 | 3.60 | 3.54 | 0.06 |
| 8 | Cuarto | 3011 | 18818.8 | 0.17 | 0.16 | 0.00 |
| 9 | Guaraguao | 1017 | 247.4 | 4.11 | 4.11 | 0.00 |
| 10 | Machuelo Abajo | 13302 | 7515.3 | 1.86 | 1.77 | 0.90 |
| 11 | Machuelo Arriba | 13727 | 2124.9 | 6.61 | 6.46 | 0.15 |
| 12 | Magueyes | 6134 | 1345.2 | 4.56 | 4.56 | 0.00 |
| 13 | Magueyes Urbano | 1332 | 1074.2 | 1.24 | 1.24 | 0.00 |
| 14 | Maragüez | 754 | 142.0 | 6.42 | 5.31 | 1.11 |
| 15 | Marueño | 1474 | 350.1 | 4.21 | 4.21 | 0.00 |
| 16 | Montes Llanos | 462 | 214.9 | 2.15 | 2.15 | 0.00 |
| 17 | Playa | 16926 | 3864.4 | 14.98 | 4.38 | 10.60 |
| 18 | Portugués Rural | 4882 | 1386.9 | 3.56 | 3.52 | 0.04 |
| 19 | Portugués Urbano | 5886 | 5163.2 | 1.14 | 1.14 | 0.00 |
| 20 | Primero | 3550 | 14200.0 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.00 |
| 21 | Quebrada Limón | 804 | 301.1 | 2.67 | 2.67 | 0.00 |
| 22 | Quinto | 724 | 6581.8 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.00 |
| 23 | Real | 3139 | 595.6 | 5.28 | 5.27 | 0.01 |
| 24 | Sabanetas | 6420 | 2351.6 | 2.79 | 2.73 | 0.06 |
| 25 | San Antón | 11271 | 10063.4 | 1.17 | 1.12 | 0.04 |
| 26 | San Patricio | 465 | 67.8 | 6.86 | 6.86 | 0.00 |
| 27 | Segundo | 11321 | 17416.9 | 0.65 | 0.65 | 0.00 |
| 28 | Sexto | 4745 | 18250.0 | 0.27 | 0.26 | 0.01 |
| 29 | Tercero | 773 | 9662.5 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.00 |
| 30 | Tibes | 866 | 123.5 | 7.01 | 7.01 | 0.00 |
| 31 | Vayas | 1338 | 187.9 | 10.47 | 7.12 | 3.35 |
|
|  | Ponce | 186475 | 1625.5 | 193.6 | 114.7 | 78.9 |
|

## Barrios in the urban zone

There are 13 barrios in the urban zone of the city of Ponce. These are the original six urban barrios — named Primero, Segundo, Tercero, Cuarto, Quinto, and Sexto \- plus seven others that the urban area has expanded to cover as well and which, with time, were incorporated into the city limits, namely, Bucaná, Canas Urbano, Machuelo Abajo, Magueyes Urbano, Portugués Urbano, and San Antón. The historic zone of the city is within the original six urban zone barrios.

According to the 2000 Census, Cuarto \- an urban barrio - was the most densely populated with 18,819 persons per square mile,

| No. | Barrio | Population
(Census 2000) | Density
(/sq mi) | Total Area
(sq mi) | Land Area
(sq mi) | Water Area
(sq mi) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Bucaná | 3963 | 2957.5 | 2.16 | 1.34 | 0.81 |
| 2 | Canas Urbano | 21482 | 9299.6 | 2.31 | 2.31 | 0.00 |
| 3 | Cuarto | 3011 | 18818.8 | 0.17 | 0.16 | 0.00 |
| 4 | Machuelo Abajo | 13302 | 7515.3 | 1.86 | 1.77 | 0.90 |
| 5 | Magueyes Urbano | 1332 | 1074.2 | 1.24 | 1.24 | 0.00 |
| 6 | Playa | 16926 | 3864.4 | 14.98 | 4.38 | 10.60 |
| 7 | Portugués Urbano | 5886 | 5163.2 | 1.14 | 1.14 | 0.00 |
| 8 | Primero | 3550 | 14200.0 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.00 |
| 9 | Quinto | 724 | 6581.8 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.00 |
| 10 | San Antón | 11271 | 10063.4 | 1.17 | 1.12 | 0.04 |
| 11 | Segundo | 11321 | 17416.9 | 0.65 | 0.65 | 0.00 |
| 12 | Sexto | 4745 | 18250.0 | 0.27 | 0.26 | 0.01 |
| 13 | Tercero | 773 | 9662.5 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.00 |
|
|  | Ponce | 186475 | 1625.5 | 193.6 | 114.7 | 78.9 |
|

### Original barrios in the urban zone

When barrios were first created around 1831, the urban zone of the municipality of Ponce was divided into four barrios, centered at the intersection of Marina and Comercio streets (as it continues to be today). By 1878, barrio Quinto was added to the urban zone, and by 1898 Cantera had been renamed as barrio Sexto to take its place among the urban barrios as well. (The port of La Playa, not the entire extension of barrio Playa, was also considered an urban zone in 1898.) These six original barrios that made up the urban zone of the municipality are detailed below.

| No. | Barrio | Population
(Census 2000) | Density
(/sq mi) | Total Area
(sq mi) | Land Area
(sq mi) | Water Area
(sq mi) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Cuarto | 3011 | 18818.8 | 0.17 | 0.16 | 0.00 |
| 2 | Primero | 3550 | 14200.0 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.00 |
| 3 | Quinto | 724 | 6581.8 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.00 |
| 4 | Segundo | 11321 | 17416.9 | 0.65 | 0.65 | 0.00 |
| 5 | Sexto | 4745 | 18250.0 | 0.27 | 0.26 | 0.01 |
| 6 | Tercero | 773 | 9662.5 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.00 |
|
|  | Ponce | 186475 | 1625.5 | 193.6 | 114.7 | 78.9 |
|

## Barrios in the rural zone

The municipality has 18 rural barrios. The 2000 Census showed that Montes Llanos, one of the 18 rural barrios, was the least populated barrio in the municipality. At 68 persons per square mile, San Patricio \- another rural barrio - was the least populated, while Cuarto was the most densely populated at 18,819 persons per square mile.

| No. | Barrio | Population
(Census 2000) | Density
(/sq mi) | Total Area
(sq mi) | Land Area
(sq mi) | Water Area
(sq mi) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Anón | 1669 | 129.9 | 12.85 | 12.85 | 0.00 |
| 2 | Canas | 34065 | 2349.3 | 22.82 | 14.50 | 8.32 |
| 3 | Capitanejo | 1401 | 355.4 | 4.82 | 3.95 | 0.88 |
| 4 | Cerrillos | 4284 | 1377.5 | 3.31 | 3.11 | 0.20 |
| 5 | Coto Laurel | 5285 | 1492.9 | 3.60 | 3.54 | 0.06 |
| 6 | Guaraguao | 1017 | 247.4 | 4.11 | 4.11 | 0.00 |
| 7 | Machuelo Arriba | 13727 | 2124.9 | 6.61 | 6.46 | 0.15 |
| 8 | Magueyes | 6134 | 1345.2 | 4.56 | 4.56 | 0.00 |
| 9 | Maragüez | 754 | 142.0 | 6.42 | 5.31 | 1.11 |
| 10 | Marueño | 1474 | 350.1 | 4.21 | 4.21 | 0.00 |
| 11 | Montes Llanos | 462 | 214.9 | 2.15 | 2.15 | 0.00 |
| 12 | Portugués | 4882 | 1386.9 | 3.56 | 3.52 | 0.04 |
| 13 | Quebrada Limón | 804 | 301.1 | 2.67 | 2.67 | 0.00 |
| 14 | Real | 3139 | 595.6 | 5.28 | 5.27 | 0.01 |
| 15 | Sabanetas | 6420 | 2351.6 | 2.79 | 2.73 | 0.06 |
| 16 | San Patricio | 465 | 67.8 | 6.86 | 6.86 | 0.00 |
| 17 | Tibes | 866 | 123.5 | 7.01 | 7.01 | 0.00 |
| 18 | Vayas | 1338 | 187.9 | 10.47 | 7.12 | 3.35 |
|
|  | Ponce | 186475 | 1625.5 | 193.6 | 114.7 | 78.9 |
|

## Suburban barrios

Of the 18 barrios outside the Ponce urban zone, seven were considered suburban in 1999. The suburban barrios were: Canas, Magueyes, Portugues, Machuelo Arriba, Sabanetas, Coto Laurel, and Cerrillos. A 2000 report by the U.S. Census Bureau provides detailed demographics statistics for each of Ponce's barrios. Thanks to its larger area, barrio Canas was by far the most populated ward of the municipality.

| No. | Barrio | Population
(Census 2000) | Density
(/sq mi) | Total Area
(sq mi) | Land Area
(sq mi) | Water Area
(sq mi) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Canas | 34065 | 2349.3 | 22.82 | 14.50 | 8.32 |
| 2 | Cerrillos | 4284 | 1377.5 | 3.31 | 3.11 | 0.20 |
| 3 | Coto Laurel | 5285 | 1492.9 | 3.60 | 3.54 | 0.06 |
| 4 | Machuelo Arriba | 13727 | 2124.9 | 6.61 | 6.46 | 0.15 |
| 5 | Magueyes | 6134 | 1345.2 | 4.56 | 4.56 | 0.00 |
| 6 | Portugués | 4882 | 1386.9 | 3.56 | 3.52 | 0.04 |
| 7 | Sabanetas | 6420 | 2351.6 | 2.79 | 2.73 | 0.06 |
|
|  | Ponce | 186475 | 1625.5 | 193.6 | 114.7 | 78.9 |
|

## Bordering barrios

Ponce has nine barrios that border neighboring municipalities. These are Canas (borders Peñuelas), Quebrada Limón (borders Peñuelas), Marueño (borders Peñuelas), Guaraguao (borders Peñuelas and Adjuntas), San Patricio (borders Adjuntas, Utuado, and Jayuya), Anón (borders Jayuya and Juana Diaz), Real (borders Juana Diaz), Coto Laurel (borders Juana Diaz), and Capitanejo (borders Juana Diaz). Canas and Capitanejo are also coastal barrios, and together with three others (Playa, Bucaná, and Vayas) make up the municipality's five coastal barrios.

| No. | Barrio | Population
(Census 2000) | Density
(/sq mi) | Total Area
(sq mi) | Land Area
(sq mi) | Water Area
(sq mi) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Anón | 1669 | 129.9 | 12.85 | 12.85 | 0.00 |
| 2 | Canas | 34065 | 2349.3 | 22.82 | 14.50 | 8.32 |
| 3 | Capitanejo | 1401 | 355.4 | 4.82 | 3.95 | 0.88 |
| 4 | Coto Laurel | 5285 | 1492.9 | 3.60 | 3.54 | 0.06 |
| 5 | Guaraguao | 1017 | 247.4 | 4.11 | 4.11 | 0.00 |
| 6 | Marueño | 1474 | 350.1 | 4.21 | 4.21 | 0.00 |
| 7 | Quebrada Limón | 804 | 301.1 | 2.67 | 2.67 | 0.00 |
| 8 | Real | 3139 | 595.6 | 5.28 | 5.27 | 0.01 |
| 9 | San Patricio | 465 | 67.8 | 6.86 | 6.86 | 0.00 |
|
|  | Ponce | 186475 | 1625.5 | 193.6 | 114.7 | 78.9 |
|

## Coastal barrios

Ponce has five barrios that face the Caribbean Sea. These are: Bucaná, Canas, Capitanejo, Playa, and Vayas. These five make up the municipality's coastal barrios. Two of these—Canas and Capitanejo—are also bordering barrios.

| No. | Barrio | Population
(Census 2000) | Density
(/sq mi) | Total Area
(sq mi) | Land Area
(sq mi) | Water Area
(sq mi) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Bucaná | 3963 | 2957.5 | 2.16 | 1.34 | 0.81 |
| 2 | Canas | 34065 | 2349.3 | 22.82 | 14.50 | 8.32 |
| 3 | Capitanejo | 1401 | 355.4 | 4.82 | 3.95 | 0.88 |
| 4 | Playa | 16926 | 3864.4 | 14.98 | 4.38 | 10.60 |
| 5 | Vayas | 1338 | 187.9 | 10.47 | 7.12 | 3.35 |
|
|  | Ponce | 186475 | 1625.5 | 193.6 | 114.7 | 78.9 |
|

## Interior barrios

The municipality has eight barrios -- Cerrillos, Machuelo Arriba, Magueyes, Maragüez, Montes Llanos, Portugués, Sabanetas, Tibes—that are located entirely in the interior of the municipality. '"Interior" here means that these are non urban zone barrios which border neither the Caribbean Sea nor adjacent municipalities.

| No. | Barrio | Population
(Census 2000) | Density
(/sq mi) | Total Area
(sq mi) | Land Area
(sq mi) | Water Area
(sq mi) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Cerrillos | 4284 | 1377.5 | 3.31 | 3.11 | 0.20 |
| 2 | Machuelo Arriba | 13727 | 2124.9 | 6.61 | 6.46 | 0.15 |
| 3 | Magueyes | 6134 | 1345.2 | 4.56 | 4.56 | 0.00 |
| 4 | Maragüez | 754 | 142.0 | 6.42 | 5.31 | 1.11 |
| 5 | Montes Llanos | 462 | 214.9 | 2.15 | 2.15 | 0.00 |
| 6 | Portugués | 4882 | 1386.9 | 3.56 | 3.52 | 0.04 |
| 7 | Sabanetas | 6420 | 2351.6 | 2.79 | 2.73 | 0.06 |
| 8 | Tibes | 866 | 123.5 | 7.01 | 7.01 | 0.00 |
|
|  | Ponce | 186475 | 1625.5 | 193.6 | 114.7 | 78.9 |
|

## Further reading

* Fay Fowlie de Flores. *Ponce, Perla del Sur: Una Bibliográfica Anotada.* Second Edition. 1997. Ponce, Puerto Rico: Universidad de Puerto Rico en Ponce. pp. 209–210. Item 1076. LCCN 92-75480
* Guillermo A. Baralt. "La Historia del Desarrollo Urbano de Ponce, 1692 - 1920." *Estudio de revitalización integral del Centro Histórico de Ponce.* Volumen 2. Instituto de Cultura Puertorriqueña. Oficina Estatal de Preservación Histórica (Puerto Rico) y Comisión Nacional Quinto Centenario (España) Instituto de Cooperación Iberoamericana. 11v. S.L: s.n. 1988-1989. Appendix. (OEPH/CUTPO-f).
* Fay Fowlie de Flores. *Ponce, Perla del Sur: Una Bibliográfica Anotada.* Second Edition. 1997. Ponce, Puerto Rico: Universidad de Puerto Rico en Ponce. p. 266. Item 1331. LCCN 92-75480
* Juan Sisco Santiago. "Los barrios y sectores." *La Perla del Sur.* 23-29 Octubre 1985 p. 13
* *Mapa de Municipios y Barrios: Ponce, Memoria Numero 27.* Gobierno del Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico. Junta de Planificación. Santurce, Puerto Rico. 1953. p. 6.


title: Marti, Montopoli in Val d'Arno

abstract: Marti is a village in Tuscany, central Italy, administratively a frazione of the comune of Montopoli in Val d'Arno, province of Pisa. At the time of the 2001 census its population was 1,046. Marti is about 38 km from Pisa and 4 km from Montopoli in Val d'Arno.

text:
# Marti, Montopoli in Val d'Arno

**Marti** is a village in Tuscany, central Italy, administratively a frazione of the comune of Montopoli in Val d'Arno, province of Pisa. At the time of the 2001 census its population was 1,046.

Marti is about 38 km from Pisa and 4 km from Montopoli in Val d'Arno.

## Main sights

## InfoBox

| Marti | |
| --- | --- |
| *Frazione* | |
|  | |
| MartiLocation of Marti in Italy | |
| Coordinates: 43°39′16″N 10°44′26″E / 43.65444°N 10.74056°E / 43.65444; 10.74056 | |
| Country | Italy |
| Region | Tuscany |
| Province | Pisa (PI) |
| *Comune* | Montopoli in Val d'Arno |
| Elevation | 140 m (460 ft) |
| Population (2011) | |
| Total | 1,173 |
| Demonym | *Martigiani* |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 56020 |
| Dialing code | (+39) 0571 |


abstract: United Nations Security Council Resolution 40, adopted on February 28, 1948, requested that the Committee of Good Offices watch the political developments in western Java and Madura and to report their findings to the Council frequently. The resolution was adopted by eight votes to none, with three abstentions from Argentina, Ukrainian SSR and the Soviet Union.

text:
# United Nations Security Council Resolution 40

**United Nations Security Council Resolution 40**, adopted on February 28, 1948, requested that the Committee of Good Offices watch the political developments in western Java and Madura and to report their findings to the Council frequently.

The resolution was adopted by eight votes to none, with three abstentions from Argentina, Ukrainian SSR and the Soviet Union.

## InfoBox

| UN Security Council<br>Resolution 40 | |
| --- | --- |
| Date | February 28 1948 |
| Meeting no. | 259 |
| Code | S/689 (Document) |
| Subject | **The Indonesian question** |
| Voting summary | * **8 voted for** * **None voted against** * **3 abstained** |
| Result | Adopted |
| Security Council composition | |
| Permanent members |  |
| Non-permanent members |  |
|  | |


title: Mary Percy Jackson

abstract: Dr. Mary Percy Jackson, OC, AOE was an English medical practitioner in the Canadian province of Alberta based in Keg River and the Peace River Country for 45 years.

text:
# Mary Percy Jackson

**Dr. Mary Percy Jackson**, OC, AOE (27 December 1904 – 6 May 2000) was an English medical practitioner in the Canadian province of Alberta based in Keg River and the Peace River Country for 45 years.

## Background

Mary Evangeline Percy. was the eldest of four children. Her father, Thomas Arthur Percy, was a wool merchant and tailor in Dudley, England. Many of her family, including her mother Amy Jane Percy (née Chilton), were school teachers. Despite the family tradition of teaching, at the age of eleven she decided she wanted to be a medical doctor. No-one, including Mary herself, knows why she made this choice; her father suggested that she would have made an excellent lawyer because she argued so much. However, in 1915 women were not allowed to be lawyers.

### Education

She graduated from the University of Birmingham in 1927 with degrees in surgery and medicine. She took the Queen's Prize for achieving the highest marks in her class. Over the next two years she served as a house physician at Birmingham General Hospital, casualty house physician in the children's hospital, and house surgeon in the maternity hospital.

She wanted to work in obstetrics in Calcutta, India, a post that only came up every third year. As she graduated in "the wrong year", she had to find other work to fill in the time until she would be able to apply for the Calcutta job. A colleague drew her attention to a job advertisement in the *British Medical Journal*, seeking a female doctor to serve in Alberta, Canada:

> 23 February 1929.
> Strong energetic Medical Women with post-graduate experience in Midwifery, wanted for country work in Western Canada, under the Provincial Government Department of Health. Apply in first instance to Dr. E.M. Johnstone, c/o Fellowship of the Maple Leaf, 13, Victoria Street, London, SW1.

In reply to her request for further information from Dr. Emma Johnstone, OBE, the reply added that "The ability to ride a saddle horse would be a great advantage". Jackson had previously taken up horse riding at Sutton Coldfield Riding School in a desire for more exercise, although her family said she rarely, if ever, left the indoor arena. When she learned that Alberta had the Rocky Mountains, she was keen to go, not realising how far north she was to be stationed, or the distance to the Rockies. She originally intended her stay in Alberta to be a one-year adventure.

### Voyage from England

The *Fellowship of the Maple Leaf* organisation were to pay her passage. She travelled to stay with and meet the organisation's founder Canon P. J. Andrews and his wife, also meeting their friend Dr. Johnstone, with whom Mary had had her earlier correspondence. Johnstone gave her the advice "Whatever you do, go to the Dental Hospital a get yourself a week's practice pulling teeth!"

She travelled to Southampton and boarded the RMS *Empress of Scotland* for a week-long voyage to Québec City, passing around Cape Race on 13 July 1929. A further week-long railway journey took her westwards past Ottawa and Lake Superior across the expanse of Canada from dense forest to open prairie. Her companions for the sea voyage—also funded by the Fellowship of the Maple Leaf—were Dr. Helen O'Brien, who would serve in Lac La Biche, and Dr. Elizabeth Rodger, who was heading to work at Lesser Slave Lake northwest of Edmonton.

Arriving at the end of a three-month drought in Central Alberta, on 21 July 1929 she was introduced to her job by the Minister of Health, the Honourable George Hoadley, at a meeting in Edmonton. Following this meeting she spent a week with the Travelling Clinic, reaching some 50 miles (80 km) north further north to Clyde. Her journey concluded by train 300 miles (480 km) from Edmonton, north to Peace River Town and along the Peace River aboard *D.A Thomas* accompanied by Kate Brighty, the Superintendent of Public Health Nursing.

## Canada

Jackson was based in Battle River Prairie. The nearest medical aid was 120 km away in Peace River, connected to her territory by a dirt road which was impassable in bad weather. In these early days there were eight deliveries of post a year—one delivery per month for the summer months when the river was not frozen. There were no roads, no electricity, no telegraph lines and no services.

She was given a remote log shack in the middle of the 400-square-mile (1,000 km2) area she was to serve. The property was dirty when she arrived, there were no shelves, and the only place for a patient to lie down was her own bed. She was from a family which had a maid, so she was not used to cooking, nor to such harsh circumstances as she found in Canada on her arrival. She had grown up during the First World War, when food was in short supply, with not enough available for girls to have cookery lessons with at school. Cooking at her new home was not easy and happened on a wood-burning stove that needed almost continual stoking to prevent the flames from going out; for quite a time, she relied heavily on her Primus stove. She bought a rifle in 1929 so she could hunt prairie chickens and even moose to supplement her diet. Despite the hardships, she wrote to her parents a few weeks after her arrival "I wouldn’t come back to England for a 1000 dollars just now! I know I’m doing the right job."

The newly arrived doctor began her practice immediately. She traveled by horseback and occasionally by dogsled or cutter. Pneumonia was common in the area, but much of her work was from accidents including gunshot wounds, falls and axe wounds. There were also many childbirths, though the births that Mary attended were often "the kind that would turn you grey" - most of the men in the area expecting their wives to deliver their baby without the assistance of a doctor. A typical week's caseload might include several fractured limbs or a broken back; a birth; cases of dysentery, pneumonia, smallpox, scarlet fever or tuberculosis; as well as the other illnesses expected in a family practice; and perhaps some tooth extractions, as there were no dentists in the area. Many of the cases she saw really needed the attention of a specialist, but as she later said, "Some of the stuff I did I was out of my depth really, but I was the only one there."

### Marriage

One of her early patients was Frank Jackson, a trapper who had contracted blood poisoning in his hand. He had treated himself for a time but when the infection started to spread he travelled 110 km to seek out the new doctor. She opened up the infection, bandaged the wound and left him to sleep. They soon found they had much in common, including finding that they shared love of classical music as they listened to Puccini playing on the Gramophone in temperatures of −40°. Frank, a widower, started to find excuses to travel and see her.

They started courting and were married 10 March 1931 in the Royal Canadian Mounted Police barracks at Battle River. She moved to her husband's homestead at Keg River, 100 km further north than her original assignment in Battle River. With her marriage and the move, she lost her wages, as the government decided that there wasn't a need for a doctor in Keg River, and in those days, husbands were supposed to provide for their wives. But even without the government salary, she continued practicing medicine.

### Practice in Keg River

The Indians and Métis in the small community were remarkably fit, but were being decimated by Tuberculosis (TB). She managed to almost eradicate the spread of TB in the area with preventative techniques and education. This was before there were any drugs to treat TB, so one of the solutions involved stopping people with TB from spitting on the floor. Prior to her arrival the people had had little idea about germs and how they could spread disease. Other prevalent diseases were rickets, which she treated very successfully with doses of cod liver oil, and goiter due to iodine deficiency.

Jackson completed her own laboratory work and X-rays, with equipment set up in various parts of the house. There was no way to get results back in time if she sent the samples out. She had several timers set up around the house, one for bread baking, one for the X-ray, and one for the laboratory tests. She eventually built a small outpost hospital.

The first time she used an antibiotic was after a colleague in Edmonton sent her a small vial containing crystals of penicillin for a Christmas gift. She wondered if this new drug was as good as everyone said it was, and whether it was safe. She decided she would give some of it to the next person who was so sick that she was sure that person would die, having no more she could do for that person. This proved to be a little native girl with pneumonia, whom Jackson believed would not live through the night. She mixed the penicillin and gave a small amount to the girl her every three hours until she was better. The child markedly improved with every hour after beginning the injections of penicillin, and went home completely well. Jackson, many years later, expressed her view with certainty that the child would have died that night without penicillin.

Believing that disease prevention by a mentally and physically healthy community was the best medicine, she and her husband were instrumental in establishing the school, the hospital, the community centre, and a library, all while raising their family. She had two children of her own, and Frank had three from his previous marriage.

### Arrival of the road

In 1935 work started to create the road that is now the Mackenzie Highway. It was during the Great Depression and the government had created a work program to provide employment for the unemployed and helped to build new infrastructure. Conditions for the laboring men were grim, and their canned food supplies often frozen solid. She treated many cases of frostbite, more than she had seen in the previous six years.

The creation of the road altered life in the north significantly. Transporting patients to hospital was now possible and it became easier to get medical supplies. However, it wasn't until after World War II that the road became passable in summer, after the frost had melted and the ground was no longer swampy. The road created work for Mary, particularly in the early days when the road was dirt. In summer, drivers would follow the dust cloud of the vehicle in front (which could last a couple of miles) as a way to find the road, but sometimes they would end up crashing into the vehicle in front.

### Later life

She retired from active practice in 1975. She and Frank then enjoyed various holidays, away from the harsh North of Canada. Frank Jackson died on 1 September 1979. Following her husband's death, she started doing more lectures and talks. She also visited her family in Britain several times, often taking some of her grandchildren with her. She told many stories, both from her own life and the extensive reading she undertook. She had a very down to earth attitude and spoke plainly. She said that she had no fear of being dead, commenting: "It's not being dead that one is afraid of, but a process of dying after a stroke or a heart attack. When you've almost got one foot in heaven, it's a bit annoying to be brought back so you can do the whole thing again slowly. Doctors say they don't want to play God, but if a person has died suddenly and then is brought back to life, that is playing God."

## Recognition

In 1955 she received a type-written letter dated 28 July 1955 from Clarence House, on behalf of the British Queen Mother:

```
                     CLARENCE HOUSE
                        S. W. 1.
                                                  28th. July 1955.
Dear Dr. Percy-Jackson,
               I am commanded by Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother to
write and say that Her Majesty commands me to send you a brief word
of appreciation for the truly great work that you are doing in and
around Keg River.
              I am to explain that Queen Elizabeth reads the magazine
of the Fellowship of the Maple Leaf and Her Majestywas deeply impressed
to read of your great work, to alleviate suffering and to bring comfort
to those who live in such isolated and often almost intolerably
difficult surroundings.
              Queen Elizabeth knows full well that such work cannot be
carried out without real courage and self-sacrifice, and I am to finish
this short letter by saying how much Her Majesty hopes that you may go
from strength to strength in your great undertaking,
                    Yours sincerely,
                                         Katherine Seymour.
```

## Publications

* *On the Last Frontier: Pioneering in the Peace River Block* (1933)
* *The Homemade Brass Plate: The Story of a Pioneer Doctor in Northern Alberta* (with Cornelia Lehn) (1988)
* *Suitable for the Wilds: Letters from Northern Alberta, 1929-1931* (edited by Janice Dickin McGinnis)

## Bibliography

* Philip, Tom (26 December 1983). "Pioneering Peace medicine". *Alberta Report*. pp. 30–33.
* *On the Last Frontier: Pioneering in the Peace River block, Letters of Mary Percy Jackson*. London, United Kingdom and Toronto, Ontario, Canada: Sheldon Press and General Board of Religious Education. 1933. pp. 1–118 pages.
* Lehn, Cornelia (1988). *The Homemade Brass Plate: The story of a pioneer doctor in northern Alberta as told to Cornelia Lehn*. Helena Braun/Fraser Valley Custom Printers. pp. 1–215 pages. ISBN 0-9691961-2-1.
* *A Candle in the Grub Box*. Biography of Frank Jackson up until 1931.
* Douglas, Shelia M. (1979). *Jam in the Bed Roll: The continuing story of Frank Jackson as told to Shelia Douglas*. Nanaino, British Columbia: Shires Brook. pp. 1–151 pages.
* S, F (1937). "Life in the Rockies: All Night Journey over Snow to a Patient". *Dudley Herald*. Dudley, Worcestershire, England. Dudley Lady Doctor and Coroner Describes Her Experiences

## InfoBox

| Mary Percy Jackson | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Born | Mary Percy Jackson
27 December 1904 |
| Died | 6 May 2000 (aged 95) |


title: Frederick Stevens (American politician)

abstract: Frederick Clement Stevens was a U.S. Representative from Minnesota.

text:
# Frederick Stevens (American politician)

**Frederick Clement Stevens** (January 1, 1861  July 1, 1923) was a U.S. Representative from Minnesota.

## Early life

Stevens was born in Boston, Massachusetts. He moved with his parents to Searsport, Maine and attended the common schools of Rockland, Maine. He graduated from Bowdoin College in Brunswick, Maine in 1881, and read law in Bangor, Maine. Stevens graduated from the law department of the University of Iowa at Iowa City in 1884. He was admitted to the bar in 1884 and commenced practice in St. Paul, Minnesota.

## Career

Stevens was a member of the Minnesota House of Representatives 1888  1891; elected as a Republican to the 55th, 56th, 57th, 58th, 59th, 60th, 61st, 62nd, and 63rd congresses, (March 4, 1897  March 3, 1915). In 1914, he was the principal Republican spokesman in the House of Representatives for the bill that ultimately was enacted as the Federal Trade Commission Act. He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1914 to the 64th congress.

## Death

Stevens engaged in the practice of law until his death in St. Paul, Minnesota.

## Further reading

* *Progressive Men of Minnesota* (Minneapolis, 1897), p. 33


title: Yao Haijun

abstract: Yao Haijun is the editor-in-chief of Science Fiction World, the most successful Chinese science fiction magazine. Yao has been an editor at SFW since 1998 and became editor-in-chief in 2005. He has also served as the chief editor of 《世界科幻大师丛书》, a sci-fi book series.

text:
# Yao Haijun

**Yao Haijun** (Chinese: 姚海军) is the editor-in-chief of Science Fiction World (科幻世界, SFW), the most successful Chinese science fiction magazine. Yao has been an editor at SFW since 1998 and became editor-in-chief in 2005. He has also served as the chief editor of 《世界科幻大师丛书》 ("World Science Fiction Masters Collection"), a sci-fi book series.

## Early life

Yao was born in a farm in Yichun in Heilongjiang Province. A sci-fi book borrowed from a maths teacher aroused his initial interest in sci-fi fiction. He raised money to launch a sci-fi magazine called "nebulae" (星云). The magazine serves as a fan magazine, which published book reviews and sci-fi news. The magazine put up a bridge of communication among publishers, writers and readers.

## Career at SFW

Yao was invited to work as an editor of SFW by Yang Xiao (杨潇), who was then the editor-in-chief of SFW. Yao worked as an editor from June 1998 to June 2002, an assistant chief editor from June 2002 to March 2003, associate editor from March 2003 to October 2005, and editor-in-chief from October 2005 to the present.

## World Science Fiction Masters Collection

Although the SFW has a circulation of 200,000 copies per issue, it is difficult to publish sci-fi books in China. When the delivery department worried that they will incur economic deficits, Yao persuaded them otherwise. The World Science Fiction Masters Collection proved to be a great success.

## Books Series published

Yao works as the chief editor of several book series: "Cornerstone of Chinese Science Fiction", "Popular Science Fiction of the World", "Work of World Fantasy Masters", and "World Science Fiction Masters Collection" (世界科幻大师丛书). *The Three Body Problem*, written by Liu Cixin is one of a set of "Cornerstone of Chinese Science Fiction". The circulation of *The Three Body Problem* is more than seven hundred thousand.

The following works are in the collection "World Science Fiction Masters Collection":

| Name | Translated Name | Date |
| --- | --- | --- |
| *Nightfall* | 日暮 | 2003 |
| *The Door into Summer* | 进入盛夏之门 | 2003 |
| *Ender's Game* | 安德的游戏 | 2003 |
| *Speaker for the Dead* | 死者代言人 | 2003 |
| *Solaris & K-Pax* | 索拉利斯星·K星异客 | 2003 |
| *Calculating God* | 计算中的上帝 | 2003 |
| *Starship Troopers* | 星船伞兵 | 2003 |
| *The Demolished Man* | 被毁灭的人 | 2004 |
| *A Fire Upon The Deep* | 深渊上的火 | 2004 |
| *Ender’s Shadow* | 安德的影子 | 2004 |
| *Xenocide* | 外星屠异 | 2004 |
| *The Collected Short Fiction of Robert Sheckley* | 浪漫服务公司 | 2004 |
| *Darwin's radio* | 达尔文电波 | 2004 |
| *Кладбище джиннов* | 妖魔古墓 | 2004 |
| *Golden Fleece* | 金羊毛 | 2004 |
| *Starplex* | 星丛 | 2004 |
| *The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress* | 严厉的月亮 | 2004 |
| *The Puppet Masters* | 傀儡主人 | 2004 |
| *Story of Your Life* | 你一生的故事 | 2004 |
| *The Warrior's Apprentice* | 战争学徒 | 2004 |
| *Mirror Dance* | 镜舞 | 2004 |
| *Memory* | 记忆 | 2004 |
| *A Deepness in the Sky* | 天渊 | 2005 |
| *The Moon Children* | 月亮孩子 | 2005 |
| *Citizen of the Galaxy* | 银河系公民 | 2005 |
| *The Ultimate Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy* | 银河系漫游指南 | 2005 |
| *The Restaurant at the End of the Universe* | 宇宙尽头的餐馆 | 2005 |
| *Double Star* | 双星 | 2005 |
| *The Forever War* | 千年战争 | 2005 |
| *Way Station* | 星际驿站 | 2005 |
| *日本沈没* | 日本沉没 | 2005 |
| *Dune* | 沙丘 | 2006 |
| *Children of Dune* | 沙丘之子 | 2006 |
| *Dune Messiah* | 沙丘救世主 | 2006 |
| *The Day Of The Triffids* | 三尖树时代 | 2006 |
| *Thorns* | 荆棘 | 2006 |
| *Childhood's End* | 童年的终结 | 2006 |
| *Mission of Gravity* | 重力使命 | 2006 |
| *パラサイト・イヴ* | 寄生前夜 | 2006 |
| *Diplomatic Immunity* | 外交豁免权 | 2006 |
| *Komarr* | 科玛 | 2006 |
| *Cetaganda* | 西塔甘达 | 2006 |
| *The Green Hills of Earth* | 地球上的绿色山丘 | 2006 |
| *Between Planets* | 星际归途 | 2006 |
| *Stranger in a Strange Land* | 异乡异客 | 2006 |
| *Bones of The Earth* | 地球龙骨 | 2006 |
| *Where Late the Sweet Birds Sang* | 迟暮鸟语 | 2007 |
| *Forever Peace* | 永远的和平 | 2007 |
| *Beggars in Spain* | 西班牙乞丐 | 2007 |
| *Beggars and Choosers* | 乞丐与选民 | 2007 |
| *Beggars Ride* | 乞丐的愿望 | 2007 |
| *Time Enough for Love* | 时间足够你爱 | 2007 |
| *The Uplift War* | 提升之战 | 2008 |
| *Brothers in Arms* | 兄弟手足 | 2008 |
| *Barrayar* | 贝拉亚 | 2008 |
| *A Civil Campaign* | 明争暗斗 | 2008 |
| *Lord of Light* | 光明王 | 2008 |
| *The Martian Chronicles* | 火星编年史 | 2008 |
| *Hominids* | 原始人类 | 2008 |
| *異星の人* | 异星人 | 2008 |
| *So Long, and Thanks for All the Fish* | 拜拜，多谢你们的鱼 | 2008 |
| *Mostly Harmless* | 基本上无害 | 2008 |
| *Life, the Universe and Everything* | 生命、宇宙以及一切 | 2008 |
| *Stations of The Tide* | 潮汐站 | 2008 |
| *The Peace War* | 彩虹尽头 | 2009 |
| *Hominids* | 为和平而战 | 2009 |
| *Marooned in Realtime* | 实时放逐 | 2009 |
| *The Collected Stories of Vernor Vinge* | 弗诺·文奇科幻小说集 | 2009 |
| *Cities in Flight* | 飞城 | 2009 |
| *Ring World* | 环形世界 | 2009 |
| *This Immortal* | 不朽 | 2009 |
| *A Case of Conscience* | 事关良心 | 2009 |
| *Snow Crash* | 雪崩 | 2009 |
| *The Left Hand of Darkness* | 黑暗的左手 | 2009 |
| *The Dispossessed* | 一无所有 | 2009 |
| *The Man Who Sold the Moon and Orphans of the Sky* | 出卖月亮的人 | 2009 |
| *Methuselah's Children* | 玛士撒拉之子 | 2009 |
| *The Rolling Stones* | 斯通一家闯太空 | 2010 |
| *プリズム* | 棱镜 | 2010 |
| *神狩り* | 神狩りhttp://book.douban.com/subject/4067694/ | 2010 |
| *太陽の簒奪者* | 太阳篡夺者 | 2010 |
| *廃園の天使シリーズ* | 废园天使 | 2010 |
| *Dying of the Light* | 光逝 | 2010 |
| *The Windup Girl* | 发条女孩 | 2012 |
| *The Algorithms for Love* | 爱的算法 | 2012 |
| *For a Breath I Tarry* | 趁生命气息逗留 | 2010 |
| *Tuf Voyaging* | 图夫航行记 | 2010 |
| *Blind Sight* | 盲视 | 2013 |
| *The Doors of His Face, the Lamps of His Mouth* | 脸上的门，口中的灯 | 2010 |


title: University of Utah Middle East Center

abstract: The University of Utah Middle East Center is located on the campus of the University of Utah in Salt Lake City, Utah. The center was officially established in 1960 and offers both undergraduate and graduate degrees. The Center was established under the influence of scholar Dr. Aziz Atiya. The Center has established graduate and undergraduate programs in Persian, Arabic, Hebrew, and Turkish, as well as cultural and historical studies of the region. The Center has administered degree programs at all levels and offers, both to students and to the larger community, a variety of opportunities for the advancement of understanding of the Middle East. Such opportunities have included conferences, lecture series, workshops, continuing education courses, and outreach activities. Distinguished scholars of the Middle East from all over the world are invited to participate in many of these events, and conference papers normally result in published volumes. In addition, the MEC is able to arrange opportunities for intensive language study, fieldwork and research in a number of countries of the Middle East.

text:
# University of Utah Middle East Center

The **University of Utah Middle East Center** is located on the campus of the University of Utah in Salt Lake City, Utah. The center was officially established in 1960 and offers both undergraduate and graduate degrees. The Center was established under the influence of scholar Dr. Aziz Atiya. The Center has established graduate and undergraduate programs in Persian, Arabic, Hebrew, and Turkish, as well as cultural and historical studies of the region. The Center has administered degree programs at all levels (B.A., M.A., and Ph.D.) and offers, both to students and to the larger community, a variety of opportunities for the advancement of understanding of the Middle East. Such opportunities have included conferences, lecture series, workshops, continuing education courses, and outreach activities. Distinguished scholars of the Middle East from all over the world are invited to participate in many of these events, and conference papers normally result in published volumes. In addition, the MEC is able to arrange opportunities for intensive language study, fieldwork and research in a number of countries of the Middle East.

## Aziz Atiya Library

The Aziz Atiya Library, which is named after the founder of the Middle East Center Aziz Suryal Atiya, is the fifth largest library for Middle East studies in North America. It contains over 160,000 books, monographs, and periodicals, including works written in Arabic, Hebrew, Persian, Ottoman Turkish, and modern Turkish. The collection is housed in the J. Willard Marriott Library.

## InfoBox

University of Utah Middle East Center
| Type | Public |
| --- | --- |
| Established | 1960 |
| Location | Salt Lake City, Utah, USA |
| Campus | Map |
| Website | www.mec.utah.edu |


title: Uncorrected Personality Traits

abstract: Uncorrected Personality Traits is a compilation album by Robyn Hitchcock, released in 1997 on Rhino Records. Following A&M's 1996 Greatest Hits, this compilation was assembled from earlier, pre-A&M recordings, spanning 1981 to 1995 and selected personally by Hitchcock. There are no previously unreleased tracks on the collection, and the title itself comes from one of his early solo recordings, made as an a cappella psycho-analytic comedy number for I Often Dream Of Trains. The album includes three instrumentals and mixes solo work with tracks recorded by Robyn Hitchcock & The Egyptians in the 1980s.

text:
# Uncorrected Personality Traits

***Uncorrected Personality Traits*** is a compilation album by Robyn Hitchcock, released in 1997 on Rhino Records. Following A&M's 1996 *Greatest Hits*, this compilation was assembled from earlier, pre-A&M recordings, spanning 1981 to 1995 and selected personally by Hitchcock.

There are no previously unreleased tracks on the collection, and the title itself comes from one of his early solo recordings, made as an a cappella psycho-analytic comedy number for *I Often Dream Of Trains*.

The album includes three instrumentals and mixes solo work with tracks recorded by Robyn Hitchcock & The Egyptians in the 1980s.

## Track listing

1. Bass
2. Fifty Two Stations
3. Acid Bird
4. Egyptian Cream
5. Uncorrected Personality Traits
6. Heart Full Of Leaves
7. The Man With The Lightbulb Head
8. Queen Elvis II
9. She Reached For A Light
10. Airscape
11. My Wife And My Dead Wife (Live Version)
12. Night Ride To Trinidad
13. Raymond Chandler Evening
14. Linctus House
15. Beautiful Girl
16. Heaven
17. If You Were A Priest
18. Autumn Is Your Last Chance
19. City Of Shame
20. Nocturne (Demise)

## InfoBox

| Uncorrected Personality Traits | |
| --- | --- |
|  | |
| Compilation album by Robyn Hitchcock | |
| Released | 1997 |
| Genre | Alternative rock |
| Label | Rhino |


title: Morass (film)

abstract: Morass (German:Morast) is a 1922 German silent film directed by Wolfgang Neff and starring Maria Zelenka. The film's sets were designed by the art director Mathieu Oostermann.

text:
# Morass (film)

***Morass*** (German:***Morast***) is a 1922 German silent film directed by Wolfgang Neff and starring Maria Zelenka.

The film's sets were designed by the art director Mathieu Oostermann.

## Cast

## InfoBox

| Morass | |
| --- | --- |
| Directed by | Wolfgang Neff |
| Written by | Jane Bess |
| Produced by | Liddy Hegewald |
| Starring | Maria Zelenka |
| Cinematography |  |
| Production
company | Hegewald Film |
| Distributed by | Hegewald Film |
| Release date | * 18 February 1922 (1922-02-18) |
| Country | Germany |
| Languages | Silent
German intertitles |